Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lapland-Kola orogen: Palaeoproterozoic collision and accretion of the northern Fennoscandian lithosphere

Abstract A tectonic model is proposed for the Palaeoproterozoic Lapland-Kola orogen (LKO) in the northern Fennoscandian Shield. Although long regarded as an Archaean craton, integrated geological, geochemical and geophysical observations show that the Lapland-Kola orogen is a Palaeoproterozoic collisional belt containing both Archaean terranes and an important component of juvenile Palaeoproterozoic crust. Rifting, from 2.5 to 2.1 Ga, began under the influence of a mantle plume (> 1000 km diameter), related to the break-up of the Kenorland supercontinent. Two linear suture zones within the orogeriic core mark the sites of continental separation, ocean formation and closure. One of these is identified as a belt of 1.98-1.91 Ga juvenile crust of both arc magmatic and sedimentary origin, marked by the Lapland Granulite, Umba and Tersk terranes. Palaeomagnetic data and ancient sedimentary detritus within these terranes suggest limited oceanic separation. Collision of juvenile terranes with the surrounding Archaean took place mainly between 1.93 and 1.91 Ga, resulting in a Himalayan-scale mountain belt, manifest by a thick-skinned region of high-P granulite-facies metamorphism, including the classical Lapland Granulite Belt and a broad zone of compressional deformation extending southwards into the Belomorian Mobile Belt. Protracted cooling and exhumation, possibly related to the buttressing effect of surrounding lithosphere, culminated in the intrusion of 1.80-1.77 Ga post-tectonic granites.
Late-Holocene glaciation and twentieth- century retreat, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska

Lichenometric dating of moraines deposited by eight glaciers in the northeastern Brooks Range suggests major glacial advances or stillstands at about 2600, 1000, 450, and 60 lichenometric (L) years BP. The latter two advances of the early-middle and latest part of the 'Little Ice Age', respectively, formed promi nent moraines at all glaciers studied. In response to overall twentieth-century warming, these glaciers have retreated at average rates of 2 to 19 m yr-1 from the distinct ridges formed in AD 1890. Glacier thinning at rates of 0.7 to 0.9 m yr-1 accounts for over 90% of the ice loss.
Change from calc‐alkaline to adakitic magmatism recorded in the Early Cretaceous Darran Complex, Fiordland, New Zealand

Abstract The Early Cretaceous Darran Complex of the Median Tectonic Zone near Milford, South Island, New Zealand, consists dominantly of biotite ‐ two‐pyroxene diorites cut by biotite‐hornblende microdiorite and quartz monzodiorite dikes. The host diorite gives a 138 ± 2.9 Ma SHRIMP age on zircons, which is interpreted to be the age of igneous crystallisation. The calc‐alkaline geochemistry of the host diorites and the microdiorites is attributed to melting of a mantle wedge source fluxed by slab‐derived fluids. Ductile deformation (D1) of the host diorite and the microdiorite dikes took place at mid‐upper amphibolite facies conditions, with extension lineations indicating a top to the NNE sense of shear. A SHRIMP age of 136 ± 1.9 Ma on zircons from a quartz monzodiorite dike injected along D1 shears is statistically indistinguishable from that of the host diorite. This suggests that D1 was synmagmatic and that subduction, during or shortly after magma emplacement, was oblique to the Gondwana margin at c.
Magellan navigation using X-band differenced Doppler during Venus mapping phase

This paper describes Magellan navigation procedures and performance during the first 1.5 years of mapping. It presents the results of studies comparing several orbit determination methods performed with and without X-band (8.4 GHz) differenced Doppler tracking data. X-band differenced Doppler has been used as a primary navigation data-type for the first time. It has been found to be a significant aid in efficiently meeting orbiter navigation requirements during the Magellan spacecraft's Venus radar-mapping phase.
C-and circular-shaped barriers optimization in a synchronous reluctance rotor for torque ripples minimization

Due to the lack of magnets and suitable (cid:12)nal price, Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRMs) are potential candidates for household electric appliances and so on. However, in general, they have a major drawback, i.e., high torque ripple. The optimized design of a synchronous reluctance rotor structure is presented for two di(cid:11)erent types of barrier shape with the aim of reducing the torque ripple and increasing the average torque. In this paper, optimization of rotor geometries with a (cid:12)xed machine size for two types of C-shaped and circular barriers is investigated. Most of the rotor parameters such as the width of the iron parts as well as the width of the barriers along d and q axes are optimized by a new method using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. In addition, the angle of the end points for each barrier with constant rib and insulation factor are considered in the optimization process. Minimizing the torque ripple without losing or even increasing the average torque is the most critical optimization achievement. Two prototypes of the optimized rotor with the C-shaped and circular barriers were fabricated and experimentally compared. The results obtained from the 2D (cid:12)nite element simulation of the recommended machine conformed well to the experimental result
Corpus Generation to Develop Amharic Morphological Segmenter

—Morphological segmenter is an important component in Amharic natural language processing systems. Despite this fact, Amharic lacks large amount of morphologically segmented corpus. Large amount of corpus is often a requirement to develop neural network-based language technologies. This paper presents an alternative method to generate large amount of morph-segmented corpus for Amharic language. First, a relatively small (138,400 words) morphologically annotated Amharic seed-corpus is manually prepared. The annotation enables to identify preﬁxes, stem, and sufﬁxes of a given word. Second, a supervised approach is used to create a conditional random ﬁeld-based seed-model (on the seed-corpus). Applying the seed-model (an unsupervised technique on a large unsegmented raw Amharic words) for prediction, a large corpus size (3,777,283) of segmented words are automatically generated. Third, the newly generated corpus is used to train an Amharic morphological segmenter (based on a supervised neural sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) approach using character embeddings). Using the seq2seq method, an F-score of 98.65% was measured. Results show an agreement with previous efforts for Arabic language. The work presented here has profound implications for future studies of Ethiopian language technologies and may one day help solve the problem of the digital-divide between resource-rich and under-resourced languages.
Adaptive Multilevel Modeling of Land-Atmosphere Interactions.

Abstract Adaptive multilevel methods allow full coupling of atmospheric and land surface hydrological models by preserving consistency between the large-scale (atmospheric) and the regional (land) components. The methodology was investigated for three case studies involving the coupling of models with different levels of complexity and different spatial resolutions. The first case study consisted of coupling two simple models. One model provided the potential and the other the rotational components of atmospheric wind fields, which were used to drive a 3D orographic precipitation model used to investigate the long-term precipitation for the Olympic Mountains in Washington State. In the second case study, intermittent coupling (every 4 hours) of three versions of the orographic precipitation model operating at 40-m, 60-m, and 80-km resolution, respectively, was established to replicate the precipitation patterns of specifically chosen storms as they evolved across the central Sierra Nevada region. The thir.
Fabry disease and sleep disorders: a systematic review

Background Fabry disease (FD) is an X-chromosome-linked disorder characterized by a reduced or complete absence of the enzyme α-galactosidase, resulting in the accumulation of lysosomal globotriaosylceramide. Despite the presence of these deposits in multiple organs, the problem of sleep disorders within this population has very rarely been documented. Objective This study aimed to investigate the types and prevalence of sleep disorders among patients with FD. Methods Screening of the following medical databases using key terms was performed on 10 February 2023: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. A total of 136 records were identified. The quality assessment of the studies was conducted by using tools from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results The study included nine studies on sleep disorders in patients with FD. The overall quality of the majority of these studies was assessed as either poor or fair. Among 330 patients, there was a slightly higher representation of female patients (56%). Sleep problems manifested 4–5 years after the onset of FD and sometimes even after 10–11 years. Genotypes of disease associated with sleep problems were rarely described. Within the FD population, the most commonly reported conditions were excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) as well as obstructive and central sleep apnea (OSA, CSA). However, EDS occurred more frequently in FD patients, while the prevalence of OSA and CSA was within the ranges observed in the general population. The studies included indicated a lack of association between organ impairment by primary disease and EDS and OSA. The effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in treating sleep disorders was not demonstrated. Conclusion The findings of this report revealed the presence of many sleep-related disorders within the FD population. However, very few studies on this subject are available, and their limited results make it difficult to truly assess the real extent of the prevalence of sleep disturbances among these individuals. There is a need to conduct further studies on this topic, involving a larger group of patients. It is important to note that there are no guidelines available for the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with FD.
Sedimentary basins developed during evolution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic arc-trench system in western North America

Development of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basins in western North America was linked to the overall geodynamics of an active continental margin. The Cordilleran margin, now largely of Californian-type with a bounding transform, was Atlantic-type from late Precambrian to early Paleozoic, Japanese-type from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic, and Andean-type from late Mesozoic to early Tertiary, when a continental-margin arc–trench system included the following tectonic elements from west to east: (a) the subduction complex at the main subduction zone; (b) forearc basins within the arc–trench gap; (c) the magmatic arc of generally andesitic volcanics and subjacent granitic plutons; (d) a backarc fold-thrust belt, commonly with an associated metamorphic infrastructure; and (e) the retroarc foreland basin adjacent to the craton. Progressive broadening of this tectonic system was achieved by tectonic accretion of oceanic elements to the edge of the continental block and by peeling of cover off rigid basem.
Small‐scale experimental testing of fire radiative energy for quantifying mass combusted in natural vegetation fires

Combustion of forest and grassland vegetation contributes to atmospheric pollution and rising greenhouse gases concentrations. Remotely measuring the energy radiated during natural fires has been suggested as a method for enhancing current emissions estimates. When made from satellites, such measures can potentially provide important new information on large‐scale biomass combustion rates, which relate directly to the production of emissions. EOS‐MODIS now makes such observations globally, multiple times per day. Using small experimental fires observed with a field spectro‐radiometer we present the first evaluation of the relationship between time‐integrated fire radiative energy and total mass of vegetation combusted. Results indicate a linear relationship (r2 = 0.78) for fire sizes varying over almost two orders of magnitude. Further information on the rate and intensity of burning is contained within the emission spectra. The results support the continued investigation of fire radiative energy as a new tool to enhance biomass burning emissions inventories.
Remote discrimination of clouds using a neural network

Cloud classification is a key input to global climate models. Cloud spectra are typically mixed, however, thus difficult to classify using the maximum likelihood rule. In contrast to maximum likelihood, a densely interconnected, trained neural network can form powerful generalizations that distinguish unique statistical trends among otherwise ambiguous spectral response patterns. Accordingly, cloud classification accuracies produced by a neural network can exceed accuracies produced using the maximum likelihood criterion.
Estimation of the aerosol perturbation to the Earth's Radiative Budget over oceans using POLDER satellite aerosol retrievals

POLDER satellite retrievals of aerosol properties over oceans are used to estimate a global‐mean clear‐sky aerosol shortwave flux perturbation of order −5 to −6 Wm−2. Uncertainties due to aerosol absorption and POLDER cloud screening algorithm are quantified. In order to bound the radiative forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, we attempt to remove the contribution of background aerosols from these estimates and present all‐sky aerosol radiative effects for three regions and two methods. The results are sensitive to the thresholds used to define the background conditions.
Clinical observation of patients with fractures of the proximal humerus bone in Kazakhstan

Background: Treatment of patients with fractures of the proximal humerus remains an urgent problem of modern traumatology and orthopedics. The aim of this work was to study the results of surgical treatment of patients with proximal humerus fractures in which plates with angular stability of screws were used for osteosynthesis.Materials and methods: Thirty six patients aged 18 to 75 years with fractures of the proximal humerus, ,were observed after treated in the polytrauma department of the City Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Almaty, Kazakhstan during the period from August 2019 to December 2021. There were12 men (33.4%) and 24 women (66.6%). According to the C.S. , Neer patients were distributed as follows: two-part patients - 17 (47.2%), three-part patients - 11 (30.6%), four-partpatients-5(13.9%), fracture-dislocations of the humerus head-3 (8.3% ). Most of the patients applied before 3 days after injury (53.0%). Results: Positive treatment results were achieved in most cases with two and three fragmentary fractures and in those operated early (from 3 to 7 days) after injury. Plates with angular stability of the screws provided excellent and good treatment results in 69.5%, and a satisfactory result in 16.7%. The unsatisfactory results of treatment were 13.8%, and the incidence of postoperative complications was 19.4%. Conclusions: Performing stable osteosynthesis in three- to four-fragment fractures and fracture-dislocations of the humerus head is technically a difficult operation. A study of our material and literature has shown that the incidence of complications after extra-cortical osteosynthesis of the humerus is associated not only with the surgical technique of implant placement, but also with the nature of the damage, including osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, and pathology of bone tissue regeneration.
Enhancing Performance of Downlink NOMA-Based C-RAN Topology Through Optimal User Pairing and Dynamic Power Allocation Scheme

This research introduces cutting-edge advancements in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. It begins by presenting a state-of-the-art user localization algorithm based on trilateration, which accurately determines user positions in NOMA systems. Additionally, two innovative algorithms, MP (maximize number of paired users) and ME (maximize pairing efficiency), are introduced to optimize system performance by addressing challenges in localization, user pairing, and dynamic power allocation. These algorithms enhance system capacity, reduce interference, and improve quality of service (QoS) for all users. To further optimize system performance, a dynamic power allocation scheme is developed to seamlessly integrate with NOMA pairing optimization. This scheme ensures optimal power allocation based on user-specific factors, leading to enhanced data transmission efficiency and overall system performance. The research also pioneers a mathematical formulation for the NOMA pairing problem, taking into consideration the variability of user demands. This unique contribution improves system performance for users with diverse data rate requirements, addressing a critical aspect of NOMA research. Furthermore, the NOMA pairing optimization problem is formulated as a graph maximum weighted sum problem. This formulation enables the use of efficient low-complexity algorithms, contributing to the advancement of algorithmic approaches in NOMA systems.
Terrain Classification Using Texture For The ALV

Off-road navigation is a very demanding visual task in which texture can play an important role. Travel on a smooth road or path can be done with greater speed and safety in general than on rough natural terrain. In addition, recognition of off-road terrain types can aid in finding the fastest and safest route through a given area. Implementations of two texture methods for identifying certain terrain features in video imagery are briefly discussed. The first method uses edge and morphological filters to identify roadways from off-road. The second method uses a neural net to identify several terrain types based on color, directional texture, global variance and location in the image. Plans to integrate the terrain labeled image produced by the latter method into the ALV's perception system are also discussed.
Significant improvements of the space-time ETAS model for forecasting of accurate baseline seismicity

The space-time version of the epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model is based on the empirical laws for aftershocks, and constructed with a certain space-time function for earthquake clustering. For more accurate seismic prediction, we modify it to deal with not only anisotropic clustering but also regionally distinct characteristics of seismicity. The former needs a quasi-real-time cluster analysis that identifies the aftershock centroids and correlation coefficient of a cluster distribution. The latter needs the space-time ETAS model with location dependent parameters. Together with the Gutenberg-Richter’s magnitude-frequency law with location-dependent b-values, the elaborated model is applied for short-term, intermediate-term and long-term forecasting of baseline seismic activity.
A new method for the semiquantitative determination of major rock‐forming minerals with thermal infrared multispectral data: Application to THEMIS infrared data

We have developed a new method (least residual iterative spectral mixture analysis (LRISMA)) to semiquantitatively determine major rock‐forming minerals (feldspar, pyroxene, olivine, high‐silica phases, and quartz) with multispectral thermal infrared data. Sublibraries of minerals are generated from a master library of minerals based on prior knowledge to produce a suite of realistic mineral end‐member combinations to fit the target spectra. Mineral abundances that correspond to the least root‐mean‐square errors (best fit) generally agree best with previous petrographic studies of laboratory‐measured rock samples and thermal infrared hyperspectral analysis of materials on the surface of Mars, given the greatly reduced spectral range and resolution of Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) spectra. The accuracy and reproducibility of LRISMA is ~4–16% and ~5–20%, respectively, while the accuracy of petrographic and previous hyperspectral studies is ~5–15%. LRISMA can be applied to semiquantitatively refine the bulk surface mineralogy of small‐scale (~1 km2) geologic features with high‐quality THEMIS spectral data (high surface temperature: >260 K, low atmospheric opacity: total ice < 0.04 and total dust < 0.15) with the ultimate goal of better understanding regional geologic processes.
Green physical activity for leisure connects perceived residential greenspace and mental well-being

Physical activity serves as a pivotal mediator in previous theoretical frameworks that link greenspace and human health. However, it remains unclear whether the domain of physical activity within and around greenspaces can alter the pathway. The present study recruited 668 participants online and examined a conceptual framework that explores the associations between residential greenspace and mental well-being, with a particular focus on the mediation effect of green physical activity (physical activity undertaken in and around greenspaces). Moreover, socio-demographic characteristics, including gender, age, household income, education status, marital status, and student status, were controlled for during the examination. The investigated green physical activities included leisure activities, transportation walking, and transportation cycling, and they were measured by a pre-established questionnaire. Meanwhile, mental well-being was measured by the WHO-5 well-being index, and residential greenspace was indicated by self-reported perceived greenspace and mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values within 500 meters (m) of residential radius. We found that both perceived greenspace (B = 1.852, p < 0.001) and NDVI 500 m (B = 3.230, p = 0.038) were positively associated with mental well-being. However, only perceived greenspace, not NDVI 500 m, exhibited positive associations with the three green physical activity items. Furthermore, only green physical activity for leisure (B = 0.223, p < 0.001), not for transportation (p > 0.05), mediated the relationship between perceived greenspace and mental well-being. Our findings reinforce previous studies on “greenspace-health” frameworks and underline the importance of leisure physical activity in promoting mental well-being.
La périphérie urbaine et les extensions de la ville de Beyrouth (Liban) : étude par traitement d'une image SPOT

Introduction Le developpement de la teledetection satellitaire et, parallelement, celui des differents outils informatiques, offre au geographe une aide incontournable pour l’etude d’espaces urbains mal connus et a evolution rapide. Beyrouth et sa grande banlieue est un cas d’especes. En effet, si depuis la fin des hostilites en 1990, les institutions directement impliquees par la reconstruction d’un petit espace strategique ont analyse l’espace du Centre-Ville, le cadre plus vaste, celui des.