Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Electric Charge Output for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Abstract: Piezoelectric materials (PZT) can be used as mechanisms to transfer mechanical energy, usually ambient vibration, into electrical energy that can be stored and used to power other devices. With the recent advances in wireless and micro‐electro‐mechanical‐systems (MEMS) technology, sensors can be placed in exotic and remote locations. As these devices are wireless it becomes necessary that they have their own power supply. The power supply in most cases is the conventional battery; however, problems can occur when using batteries because of their finite life span. Because most sensors are being developed so that they can be placed in remote locations such as structural sensors on a bridge or global positioning service (GPS) tracking devices on animals in the wild, obtaining the sensor simply to replace the battery can become a very expensive task. Furthermore, in the case of sensors located on civil structures, it is often advantageous to embed them, making access impossible. Therefore, if a method of obtaining the untapped energy surrounding these sensors was implemented, significant life could be added to the power supply. One method is to use PZT materials to obtain ambient energy surrounding the test specimen. This captured energy could then be used to prolong the power supply or in the ideal case provide endless energy for the sensors lifespan. The goal of this study is to develop a model of the PZT power harvesting device. This model would simplify the design procedure necessary for determining the appropriate size and vibration levels necessary for sufficient energy to be produced and supplied to the electronic devices. An experimental verification of the model is also performed to ensure its accuracy.
Probes for fault localization in computer networks

Fault localization is a process of isolating faults responsible for the observable malfunctioning of the managed system. This paper reviews some existing approaches of this process and improves one of described techniques—the probing. Probes are test transactions that can be actively selected and sent through the network. Suggested innovations include: mixed (passive and active) probing, partitioning used for probe selection, logical detection of probing results, and adaptive, sequential probing. Keywords—fault localization, probes, computer networks, partitions, logic design.
Secular trends in human growth, maturation, and development.

Rates of growth during childhood have increased considerably during the past 50-100 years. Because they are associated with increased rates of maturation, these size increases are maximal at ages when recently measured groups are pubescent but those measured in the past had not reached pubescence. Large secular increases in rates of growth and maturation have occurred in all developed countries but not in many other countries. There have been secular increases in recumbent length at birth in Italy and France but little change in the United States. The secular increase in childhood stature is much more obvious, being about 1.5 cm/decade for 12-year-old children, although for young adults the secular increase in stature has been about 0.4 cm/decade in most developed countries. In the United States these trends have been similar for blacks and whites during childhood but greater for black men than white men. Similarly, secular trends in birth weights have been small, but there have been large trends for children (about 1.5 kg/decade for 12-year-olds). These secular changes in size have been associated with an acceleration of maturation that is most evident in the 0.3 years/decade advancement in age at menarche. This advancement has now ceased in Norway and England. The changes in body proportions during recent decades are less marked than those in body size. Leg length, particularly the length of the thigh, seems to have increased more than stature in men but not women; chest circumference has increased more rapidly than stature in each sex. The relationships between stature and weight have changed in different ways in various national groups. Similarly, the relative changes in head length and head breadth vary with the groups studied. Few sets of data allow conclusions about possible secular trends in body composition, but subcutaneous fat thicknesses have increased, especially at the upper percentiles. Also strength, which reflects muscle mass, has increased absolutely, although it has decreased relative to stature. Undoubtedly the secular trend is due to various factors; the identification of causes is necessarily speculative. Changes in nutrition alone could not account for the trends which exceed the original socioeconomic differentials. In the United States, there have been per capita increases in the intake of protein and fat from animal sources, decreases in carbohydrates and fat from vegetable sources, and little change in caloric intake. It is not clear that these changes constitute better nutrition. The secular trends could reflect environmental improvements, specifically changes in health practices and living conditions leading to improvements in mortality rates and life expectancy. These factors are interrelated with those concerning family size. Also genetic factors, especially heterosis, may have played a small role in causing the secular trends.
Compensated Ferrimagnetic Tetragonal Heusler Thin Films for Antiferromagnetic Spintronics

Fully compensated ferrimagnets with tetragonal crystal structure have the potential for large spin-polarization and strong out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy; hence, they are ideal candidates for high-density-memory applications. Tetragonal Heusler thin films with compensated magnetic state are realized by substitution of Pt in Mn3-x Ptx Ga. Furthermore, the bilayer formed from compensated/uncompensated Mn-Pt-Ga layers is utilized to accomplish exchange bias up to room temperature.
Charlatan, a Zn-finger transcription factor, establishes a novel level of regulation of the proneural achaete/scute genes of Drosophila

The proneural genes achaete (ac) and scute (sc) are necessary for the formation of the external sensory organs (SOs) of Drosophila. ac and sc are expressed in proneural clusters and impart their cells with neural potential. For this potential to be realized, and the SO precursor cell (SOP) to arise within a cluster, sufficient proneural protein must accumulate in the cluster. Here we describe a novel gene, charlatan (chn), which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that facilitates this accumulation by forming a stimulatory loop with ac/sc. We find that loss of function of chn decreases the accumulation of Sc in proneural clusters and partially removes notum macrochaetae, while overexpression of chn enhances ac/sc expression and the formation of extra SOs. Moreover, chn is activated by ac/sc in proneural clusters. Chn apparently stimulates ac/sc by physically interacting with the proneural cluster-specific enhancers and increasing enhancer efficiency, thus acting as a stimulator of ac/sc expression in proneural clusters. chn is also required for the proper development of the embryonic peripheral nervous system, as its absence leads to loss of neurons and causes aberrant development of chordotonal organs.
In vitro aging of calmodulin generates isoaspartate at multiple Asn–Gly and Asp–Gly sites in calcium‐binding domains II, III, and IV

We have determined the major sites responsible for isoaspartate formation during in vitro aging of bovine brain calmodulin under mild conditions. Protein l‐isoaspartyl methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.77) was used to quantify isoaspartate by the transfer of methyl‐3H from S‐adenosyl‐l‐[methyl‐3H]methionine to the isoaspartyl (α‐carboxyl) side chain. More than 1.2 mol of methyl‐acceptor sites per mol of calmodulin accumulated during a 2‐week incubation without calcium at pH 7.4, 37°C. Analysis of proteolytic peptides of aged calmodulin revealed that >95% of the methylation capacity is restricted to residues in the four calcium‐binding domains, which are predicted to be highly flexible in the absence of calcium. We estimate that domains III, IV, and II accumulated 0.72, 0.60, and 0.13 mol of isoaspartate per mol of calmodulin, respectively. The Asn‐97‐Gly‐98 sequence (domain III) is the greatest contributor to isoaspartate formation. Other major sites of isoaspartate formation are Asp‐131‐Gly‐132 and Asp‐133‐Gly‐134 in domain IV, and Asn‐60‐Gly‐61 in domain II. Significant isoaspartate formation was also localized to Asp‐20, Asp‐22, and/or Asp‐24 in domain I, to Asp‐56 and/or Asp‐58 in domain II, and to Asp‐93 and/or Asp‐95 in domain III. All of these residues are calcium ligands in the highly conserved EF‐hand calcium‐binding motif. Thus, other EF‐hand proteins may also be subject to isoaspartate formation at these ligands. The results support the idea that isoaspartate formation in structured proteins is strongly influenced by both the C‐flanking residue and by local flexibility.
Dynamics of interacting particle systems: stochastic process and field theory

We present an approach to the dynamics of interacting particle systems, which allows us to derive path integral formulae from purely stochastic considerations. We show that the resulting field theory is a dual version of the standard theory of Doi and Peliti. This clarifies both the origin of the Cole–Hopf map between the two approaches and the occurrence of imaginary noises in effective Langevin equations for reaction–diffusion systems. The advantage of our approach is that it focuses directly on the density field. We show some applications, in particular on the zero range process, hydrodynamic limits and large deviation functional.
A Novel Pathway for the Biosynthesis of Heme in Archaea: Genome-Based Bioinformatic Predictions and Experimental Evidence

Heme is an essential prosthetic group for many proteins involved in fundamental biological processes in all three domains of life. In Eukaryota and Bacteria heme is formed via a conserved and well-studied biosynthetic pathway. Surprisingly, in Archaea heme biosynthesis proceeds via an alternative route which is poorly understood. In order to formulate a working hypothesis for this novel pathway, we searched 59 completely sequenced archaeal genomes for the presence of gene clusters consisting of established heme biosynthetic genes and colocalized conserved candidate genes. Within the majority of archaeal genomes it was possible to identify such heme biosynthesis gene clusters. From this analysis we have been able to identify several novel heme biosynthesis genes that are restricted to archaea. Intriguingly, several of the encoded proteins display similarity to enzymes involved in heme d 1 biosynthesis. To initiate an experimental verification of our proposals two Methanosarcina barkeri proteins predicted to catalyze the initial steps of archaeal heme biosynthesis were recombinantly produced, purified, and their predicted enzymatic functions verified.
Global Work in the Multinational Enterprise

As today’s business activities have largely transcended national boundaries, global forms of work become an increasingly common phenomenon in multinational enterprises (MNEs). Such global work arrangements are defined as situations in which employees who are collaborating with each other are not only culturally diverse but often also geographically distant from one another and thus embedded in different national cultures and contexts (Hinds, Liu, & Lyon, 2011). The presence of cultural, linguistic, spatial, and temporal distances involved in global work—as well as distinct political, economic, and societal institutions— make the coordination of work and the management of people within MNEs particularly challenging (Aycan, 2005; Brock, Shenkar, Shoham, & Siscovick, 2008; Edwards & Kuruvilla, 2005; Kostova & Roth, 2002; Raghuram, Garud, Wiesenfeld, & Gupta, 2001; Welch & Welch, in press). These firms hence face pressures to continually realign their human resource (HR) systems with strategies aiming at operating in a global context. Moreover, identifying, attracting, developing, managing, and retaining talent capable of effectively handling global complexity is of critical importance for MNEs and their HR management (HRM) systems (Farndale, Scullion, & Sparrow, 2010). Within the fields of international business (IB) and HRM, global work, strategic HRM, and global talent management have thus far remained largely separate research streams. Existing IB research has mainly focused on the strategic design and local adaptation of HRM systems (e.g., Rosenzweig & Nohria, 1994; Schuler & Rogovsky, 1998), the role of HRM as an antecedent to MNE-level outcomes (e.g., Caligiuri, 2014), and the management of international assignments (e.g., Reiche, Kraimer, & Harzing, 2011; Wang, Tong, Chen, & Kim, 2009). Existing HR research has largely focused on potential cultural differences in responses to HR policies and practices as well as the appropriateness of global versus local HR strategies. While previous research has significantly contributed to the academic debate and progress of 602217 JOM41710.1177/0149206315602217Journal of Management research-article2015
PHYSICAL MECHANISMS THAT SHAPE THE MORPHOLOGIES OF EXTRAGALACTIC JETS

Se sugieren 5 metodos analiticos para encontrar una ley que caracterice el decremento de la velocidad a lo largo del chorro. Los 2 primeros son modelos simples que examinan la variaci on de la velocidad en presencia de la resistencia de Newton o de Stoke. Se resuelve la ecuaci on que representa la conservaci on del momento a lo largo de un sector piramidal desde un punto de vista anal tico (tercer modelo). La aplicaci on de la conservacion del ujo del momento total nos permite deducir la velocidad de la galaxia como funci on del tiempo para velocidades cl asicas (cuarto modelo) y para velocidades relativistas (quinto modelo). La variaci on de la velocidad a lo largo del chorro combinada con una adecuada composici on de la velocidad de precesi on del chorro, con la velocidad rotacional de la galaxia y con la dispersi on de velocidades de la galaxia en el c umulo nos permite trazar el patr on geom etrico de las fuentes de radio con cabeza y cola. La aplicaci on de la teor a/c odigo desarrollado a las radiogalaxias NGC1265, NGC4061, NGC326, y Cygnus A nos da una dispersi on de velocidades aproximada de la galaxia central en la direcci on perpendicular al chorro. Introducimos una transici on desde las galaxias cabeza-cola a las cl asicas radiogalaxias dobles como funcion del incremento de la potencia mecanica del chorro
A Numerical Study on Comparing the Active and Passive Cooling of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

In this paper, the power density capability of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) made on Si, SiC, and diamond substrates were compared with devices on Si and SiC with integrated microchannel cooling. A device temperature limit of 200 °C was used to define the power density. The numerical model accounts for heat transfer from channel of the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs to the heat sink, fluid flow rates, pressure drop, and pumping power required for liquid cooling. The diamond substrate was shown to be superior in reducing the junction temperatures in conventional passive cooling methods employing high thermal conductivity substrates. However, singlephase liquid cooling with microchannels integrated into a SiC substrate showed that it is possible to operate the devices at power densities higher than that on 200-μm-thick diamond substrates, considering a maximum operational temperature of 200 °C. Microchannels integrated into the Si substrate also showed a slight increase in the power density compared with passively cooled devices on SiC. Overall, this methodology shows a promising alternative to expensive high thermal conductivity substrates for cooling AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.
Forms of Intervention in Public Sector Organizations: Generic Traits in Public Sector Reforms

The present paper argues that recent research on public sector reforms offers few contributions to the body of knowledge on this topic because it adds little to the conclusions drawn during the first generation of research in this area. Although these later studies have often been context-specific and have explored the details of the process of change in some depth, it is rather difficult to compare their results or to make reasoned judgements of the comprehensiveness and centrality of the analysed change. Although most public sector reforms that affect hospitals, schools or social services are initiated and designed by national governments, individual case studies of local administrations often fail to capture the generic traits of nationwide reforms. However, public sector change cannot be approached as if it comprises collections of nominally independent local events. The present paper argues for two new approaches to the study of public sector change: (i) the systematic categorization of the different forms of governmental intervention under study and (ii) analysis of the ways in which these forms of intervention are linked and interact. Based on extensive empirical research, this paper suggests a generic classification of these forms of intervention that can be used in empirical research on comprehensive public sector change. Consequently, five interventions in public sector organizations are suggested, namely political intervention, intervention by laws and regulations, intervention by audit and inspection, intervention by management and intervention by rationalizing professional practice. The model is particularly well suited to the longitudinal analysis of complex public sector reforms. This approach provides a conceptual tool to distinguish between interventions based on different forms of knowledge and to investigate how they are linked to each other vertically and horizontally. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model by analysing two empirical examples of reforms in which a variety of interventions were imposed at the local level, through legislation as well as a spectrum of voluntary measures proposed by government agencies, by national associations for local and regional councils and by other national or regional actors.
The advantages of a rolling foot in human walking

SUMMARY The plantigrade human foot rolls over the ground during each walking step, roughly analogous to a wheel. The center of pressure progresses on the ground like a wheel of radius 0.3 L (leg length). We examined the effect of varying foot curvature on the mechanics and energetics of walking. We controlled curvature by attaching rigid arc shapes of various radii to the bottoms of rigid boots restricting ankle motion. We measured mechanical work performed on the center of mass (COM), and net metabolic rate, in human subjects (N=10) walking with seven arc radii from 0.02–0.40 m. Simple models of dynamic walking predict that redirection of COM velocity requires step-to-step transition work, decreasing quadratically with arc radius. Metabolic cost would be expected to change in proportion to mechanical work. We measured the average rate of negative work performed on the COM, and found that it followed the trend well (r2=0.95), with 2.37 times as much work for small radii as for large. Net metabolic rate (subtracting quiet standing) also decreased with increasing arc radius to a minimum at 0.3 L, with a slight increase thereafter. Maximum net metabolic rate was 6.25 W kg–1 (for small-radius arc feet), about 59% greater than the minimum rate of 3.93 W kg–1, which in turn was about 45% greater than the rate in normal walking. Metabolic rate was fit reasonably well (r2=0.86) by a quadratic curve, but exceeded that expected from COM work for extreme arc sizes. Other factors appear to increase metabolic cost for walking on very small and very large arc feet. These factors may include effort expended to stabilize the joints (especially the knee) or to maintain balance. Rolling feet with curvature 0.3 L appear energetically advantageous for plantigrade walking, partially due to decreased work for step-to-step transitions.
DEMONSTRATION OF TUMOR-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN HUMAN COLONIC CARCINOMATA BY IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE AND ABSORPTION TECHNIQUES

Two methods were used to demonstrate the presence of tumor-specific antigens in adenocarcinomata of the human colon: (a) rabbits were immunized with extracts of pooled colonic carcinomata, and the antitumor antisera thus produced were absorbed with a pooled extract of normal human colon and with human blood components; (b) newborn rabbits were made immunologically tolerant to normal colonic tissue at birth, and were then immunized with pooled tumor material in adult life. Normal and tumor tissues were obtained from the same human donors in order to avoid misinterpretation of results due to individual-specific antigenic differences. The antisera prepared by both methods were tested against normal and tumor antigens by the techniques of agar gel diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, hemagglutination, PCA, and immunofluorescence. Distinct antibody activity directed against at least two qualitatively tumor-specific antigens, or antigenic determinants, was detected in the antisera prepared by both methods and at least two additional tumor antigens were detected exclusively in antisera prepared by the tolerance technique. Whether these additional antigens were qualitatively different from normal tissue antigens, or merely present in tumor tissue in higher concentrations than in normal tissue has not as yet been determined. Furthermore, it was shown that the tumor-specific antibodies were not directed against bacterial contaminants or against the unusually high concentrations of fibrin found in many neoplastic tissues. It was concluded from these results that the pooled tumor extracts contained tumor-specific antigens not present in normal colonic tissue. Identical tumor-specific antigens were also demonstrated in a number of individual colonic carcinomata obtained from different human donors.
Multiple strains of Streptococcus pyogenes in skin sores of aboriginal Australians

A molecular technique (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) was used to characterize group A streptococcal (GAS) strains among 194 isolates from 55 swabs from 12 Australian Aboriginal children and adults with multiple pyoderma lesions. Ninety-three percent of the lesions contained only one strain of GAS, but 8 of 12 individuals were infected with more than one strain. We conclude that accurate epidemiologic surveys require that more than one swab specimen be obtained from each person, whereas typing of more than one colony per swab is less informative. Characterization of GAS strains by random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis should help to provide important insights into the epidemiology of GAS, particularly in tropical populations where many isolates are M nontypeable, and into the mechanisms of genetic variation of GAS in such populations.
[Clinical analysis of primary nasal cavity-nasal sinuses T/NK cell lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical feature, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary nasal cavity-nasal sinuses T/NK cell lymphoma. METHOD Twenty-six patients with primary nasal cavity-nasal sinuses T/NK cell lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed. They were treated from January 2003 to December 2005. RESULT In this case, there were 17 males and 9 females, ranging from 16 to 68 years old. The clinical symptoms included rhinostegnosis, rhinorrhea and epistaxis, intumescence, pain, fever and so on. These tumors showed extensive soft tissue and bone invasion, necrosis and ulceration. The pathological diagnosis and immunohistochemical tests were performed in 26 cases and 21 cases respectively. Nineteen of these patients died, and the duration from onset to death ranged from 2 to 28 months. CONCLUSION The primary nasal cavity-nasal sinuses T/NK cell lymphomas are a distinct category of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). They appear to carry a high malignancy and pursue a aggressive course. They are easy to be misdiagnosed. The prognosis is not satisfactory, and the therapy should be given as early as possible.