Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Requirements for checklists to evaluate software product quality

Over the past few years growing attention is paid to Software Product Quality. Quality of software products is mainly experienced by its use in practice. Developers as well as users are interested in the quality of the product which is supplied. Evaluating is executed by assessing one or more characteristics of the software product according to a specified procedure. Evaluating a software product after it is produced-but before it is used intensively-is beneficial to developers as well as users. The first group can demonstrate to the market that products they produce satisfy demands. The advantage to users is that a product-which is evaluated as satisfied-can be trusted. This chapter presents concepts which can be added to the checklist technique with the aim to produce objective and reproducible evaluation. These concepts are based upon experiences received by the corporate research project Software Product Quality (SPQ) of KEMA Nederland B.V. As an example a checklist, some questions of the checklist for the quality sub characteristic analysability are given below: • does the design documentation includes a table of contents? • is a complete description about the functions of the software product available? • is a datastructure of the software product available? • do procedures contain comment which explains what the in-and output? Checklists are used during the evaluation after having determined a quality profile of the product. Starting point is an evaluation plan which contains the quality profile of the software product-see previous chapter. Acceptance criteria and instruments for the evaluation are also described in this plan. An evaluation is conducted by an evaluator or testing laboratory. Results of evaluation are documented in an evaluation report. Evaluation and checklists are involved in the right part of the software evaluation model-see chapter 1. Focus is upon the conceptual and the instrumental level of the model because attention is paid to the checklist as well as the design of this instrument. 1 " Requirements for checklists to evaluate software product quality " is written by Teade Punter 2 transformation process business process user/ customer software product evaluation plan designing evaluation quality profile evaluation report evaluation ISO 9126 ISO CD 14598 checklist Conceptual level Instrumental level Figure 2.6 Software Quality evaluation model It should be noticed that the processes " designing evaluation " and " evaluation " presented in figure 2.6 are results of further refinement of the transformation processes mentioned in the Software evaluation …
Reward Learning Requires Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Central Amygdala

Learning how to avoid danger and pursue reward depends on negative emotions motivating aversive learning and positive emotions motivating appetitive learning. The amygdala is a key component of the brain emotional system; however, an understanding of how various emotions are differentially processed in the amygdala has yet to be achieved. We report that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, extracellularly operating enzyme) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is crucial for appetitive, but not for aversive, learning in mice. The knock-out of MMP-9 impairs appetitively motivated conditioning, but not an aversive one. MMP-9 is present at the excitatory synapses in the CeA with its activity greatly enhanced after the appetitive training. Finally, blocking extracellular MMP-9 activity with its inhibitor TIMP-1 provides evidence that local MMP-9 activity in the CeA is crucial for the appetitive, but not for aversive, learning.
A Matlab-Based Testbed for Integration, Evaluation and Comparison of Heterogeneous Stereo Vision Matching Algorithms

Stereo matching is a heavily researched area with a prolific published literature and a broad spectrum of heterogeneous algorithms available in diverse programming languages. This paper presents a Matlab-based testbed that aims to centralize and standardize this variety of both current and prospective stereo matching approaches. The proposed testbed aims to facilitate the application of stereo-based methods to real situations. It allows for configuring and executing algorithms, as well as comparing results, in a fast, easy and friendly setting. Algorithms can be combined so that a series of processes can be chained and executed consecutively, using the output of a process as input for the next; some additional filtering and image processing techniques have been included within the testbed for this purpose. A use case is included to illustrate how these processes are sequenced and its effect on the results for real applications. The testbed has been conceived as a collaborative and incremental open-source project, where its code is accessible and modifiable, with the objective of receiving contributions and releasing future versions to include new algorithms and features. It is currently available online for the research community.
A Novel Strategy for Information Retrieval in the Peer-to-Peer Network

In this paper, we present a new strategy for information retrieval over peer-to-peer (P2P) network. The usability of these P2P information sharing systems depends on effective techniques to retrieve information; however, the current strategies used in existing P2P systems are inefficient. To avoid query messages flooding and saving resources in handling irrelevant queries in P2P network, we propose a method for clustering peers that share similar properties together; thus, data inside the P2P network are organized in a fashion similar to a Yellow Pages. In particular, we pay attention to solving the problem of multiple document clusters exist in one peer. In order to make use of our clustered P2P network efficiently, we also propose a new intelligent query routing strategy, the Firework Query Model, which aims to reduce the network traffic of query passing in the network. In contrast to broadcasting the query message to all connected peers, our query message first walks around the network from peer to peer randomly, once it reaches the target cluster, the query message is broadcasted to all peers inside the cluster like an exploding firework. We present our algorithm, demonstrate it on Distributed Content-Based Image Retrieval system, describe the system architecture and carry out experiments to show our strategy reduces the network traffic while increases the searching performance.
45nm SRAM Technology Development and Technology Lead Vehicle

Every new generation of process technology at Intel is developed and certified using an SRAM-based “X-chip. ” X6 is the technology lead vehicle used for the 45nm technology serving as a platform for the co-optimization of circuit design and process technology for SRAMs as well as critical design collaterals for products. As the workhorse of the embedded memory, SRAMs play an essential role in all Intel products in achieving powerperformance goals. SRAMs are also ideally suited for process-defect sensitivity and detection. The SRAMs on X6 had featured several different SRAM designs and register files that were individually optimized to take advantage of the Hi-K metal gate process for various product applications. Intel’s revolutionary 45nm technology was instrumental for aggressive SRAM scaling. The tileable SRAM array in X6 was architected to directly support product applications. The X6 also served as the vehicle for several critical memory circuit technology developments, including second-generation dynamic sleep control and dynamic Forward Body Bias (FBB). To support process and design learning, X6 includes an infrastructure of advanced test features: for example, an Error Correction Code (ECC) emulator is designed to quantify the benefit of error corrections and a Programmable Built-in Self Test (PBIST) for high-speed testing with raster capability. Fine-granularity In-DieVariation (IDV) oscillators track process variation. Critical circuits such as electrically programmable Fuse, Phase Lock Loop (PLL), Digital Thermal Sensor (DTS), and advanced I/Os allowed technologists and designers to work closely to optimize the process and circuits earlier. The X6 testchip successfully met the goals of process and critical collateral certification to support both process and product development needs and played an essential role in Intel’s rapid product ramp at the 45nm technology node.
A Production Function Approach to the Gdp-Temperature Relationship

Hotter countries tend to be poorer. In this paper, we estimate the income-temperature relationship for a cross-section of 97 countries. The relationship is both distinct and powerful. A simple cross-section regression of the log of per capita GDP against the log of average temperature in the capital city shows that temperature explains more than forty-five percent of the variance in income. A one percent increase in temperature is associated with a decrease in per capita GDP of between 2.0 and 3.5 percent. Figure 1 in the paper shows the data, which exhibit a clear downward slope between long-run average temperature and income per capita in 1985. We investigate the income-temperature relationship using a Cobb-Douglas production function with temperature added as an input along with physical and human capital. A property of this model is that temperature lowers the marginal products of physical and human capital, which further implies that hotter countries will accumulate lower levels of these forms of capital. We discuss the evidence for these propositions. Estimation is based on the steady-state implications of the Solow-Swann model as amended by Mankiw, Romer, and Weil. We then discuss different explanations of the income-temperature relationship, which are shown to have different inferences for what would happen if temperatures got warmer as a result of global warming. Under the interpretation with the strongest implications, we predict that a 2 degree Fahrenheit increase in average temperatures will lead to a 7.7 percent decrease in U.S. GDP and a 7.4 percent decrease in total GDP among the 97 countries in our data. Our estimates provide rare econometric evidence about possible economic consequences of global warming.
Anti-Virus in Silicon

Anti-virus (AV) software is fundamentally broken. AV systems today rely on correct functioning of not only the AV software but also the underlying OS and VMM. Thus proper functioning of software AV requires millions of lines of complex code – which houses thousands of bugs – to work correctly. Needless to say, and as evidenced in numerous software AV attacks, effective software AV systems have been difficult to build. At the same time, malware incidents are increasing and there is strong demand for good anti-virus solutions; the software anti-virus market is estimated at close to 8B dollars annually. In this work we present a new class of robust AV systems called Silicon anti-virus systems. Unlike software AV systems, these systems are lean and mostly implemented in hardware to avoid reliance on complex software, but, like software AV systems, are updatable in the field when new malware is encountered. We describe the first generation of silicon AV that uses simple machine learning techniques with existing performance counter infrastructure. Our published and unpublished work shows that common malware such as viruses and adware, and even zero day exploits can be detected accurately [1, 2]. These systems form a very effective first-line, energyefficient defense against malware.
Data Compression on Multisets. Submultiset-Free Codes

Regular data compression converts a sequence of symbols into a sequence of strings (descriptions), assigning the shortest descriptions to the most frequent symbols produced by the data source. By contrast, here we consider the compression of a sequence of symbols to a sequence of multisets. This is relevant if the communication channel does not preserve order (positioning) of the transmitted letters, as is the case in many biological contexts; for example, if you regard the passage of a multiset of molecules through a blood vessel as an information transfer. We introduce the concept of submultiset-free codes, a counterpart to the existing concept of prefix-free codes. We derive a theorem about the structure of optimal submultiset codes for uniform random variables and we describe an algorithm for constructing them.
Correlative Coding Based Channel Estimation for Practical OFDM Systems over Time Varying Channels

OFDM systems encounter performance degradations in mobile environments due to inter-carrier interference (ICI) caused by Doppler spread. We find that previous studies using pilots to track the channel time variations always regard the ICI on pilots as additive white noise, which actually increases the estimation errors. As an enhancement of our previous studies on uneven pilot-assisted time-varying (TV) channel estimation (CE) for practical OFDM systems, to further improve the estimation precision, this paper employs the correlative coding to compress the ICI from data to pilots. Simulation results show that by using such a simple coding method, the ICI coefficient is reduced greatly and the estimation Mean Square Error (MSE) dropped by 3dB. It is proved that the correlative code based TV CE method is feasible for practical mobile OFDM systems with good performance and bandwidth efficiency.
Online monitoring system of fish behavior

In order to overcome the defect of physic-chemical monitoring system and enhance the intelligence of biological monitoring technology, an online monitoring system of fish behavior is proposed in this paper. The main contributions of this system are as follows: 1) adaptive background updating algorithm (ABU); 2) automatic camshift tracking algorithm (ACT) with twice searching; 3) particle filter tracking (PFT) algorithm; 4) persistent turning walker (PTW) model; 5) artificial immune algorithm (AIA). This online system is used to monitor and analyse the fish behavior continuously, establish a normal behavior model and detect the a normal behavior. Experimental results show that the system is running stably and has achieved well effect in the simulation environment.
Least-square based self-calibration of two-dimensional ultra-precision stages

This paper develops a comparative simple method for self-calibration of two-dimensional ultra-precision stages to effectively attenuate the effects of random measurement noise while previous attempts are often complex or under some impractical assumptions. In detail, by measuring a rigid artifact at several locations on the stage, a transitive calibration algorithm based on direct point-to-point comparison is synthesized to separate the systematic measurement error from the measurement error. Through the transitivity obtained from the offset operation and the redundance obtained as a result of repeated offset operations, a robust estimation of the systematic measurement errors can be obtained by a least-square solution of equations. The algorithm has been tested by computer with and without random measurement noise and the simulation results show that the proposed method can realize rather accurate self-calibration even under the existence of random measurement noise. The proposed strategy also provides new perspective as another alternative to solve the multi-dimensional self-calibration problems.
Critical Look at the User-Centered Design Competencies

Public sector services are going through an extensive digital reformation, which intends to improve the quality of these services. A user-centered design (UCD) approach and UCD skills are required if citizens are involved in the public e-services' development. In this paper we present a study in which we utilized the UCD Competency Model. The data for the study was collected in interviews with key informants from three exemplary public digital service projects. We used Critical Discourse Analysis methodology to reveal interviewees' explicit opinions and underlying assumptions about UCD competencies among stakeholder groups. Our results indicate that public servants have favorable ethos and willingness to invest on UCD. Still, there is a need to reconsider the citizens' role as genuine participants. The study also served as validation of the UCD Competency model, uncovering some flaws but also proving it adaptable in the field as a thought-provoking trigger of change.
Statistical Discrimination with Fertility : Understanding the Gender Wage Gap and Other Labor Market Di ¤ erences

This paper provides an alternative explanation for gender discrimination. A womans fertility intentions are treated as the ultimate unobservable characteristic to employers. Women who intend to have children may become less productive in future if they plan to allocate less e¤ort to employment after childbearing. At a minimum, they will lose time due to delivery and breast-feeding. To the extent that small initial comparative advantages in child raising cause women to specialize in these activities within the household, women who plan to have children may also be less productive over the longer term. The model is one of statistical discrimination, with the equilibrium being characterized by population fertility rates that exactly match employers beliefs about fertility intentions. Since motherhood is believed to decrease womens productivity, womens wages are a decreasing function of expected future fertility rates. The gender wage gap can be addressed in this model, for equally skilled individuals are paid di¤erently according to gender, with the gap being proportional to their expected fertility rates. The fertility threat is predicted to be most important when there are gains to the employment relationship, such as in rm speci c occupations or in jobs with high training costs. Finally, the model predicts a negative correlation between skill and fertility choices and a smaller rate of skill investment among women. Columbia University, ccm2116@columbia.edu. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Pierre André Chiappori, Janet Currie, Bernard Salanié, Rajiv Sethi and the participants at the Columbia University Applied Micro Colloquium for helpful comments and suggestions.
How we remember and why we forget

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Do settlement dynamics influence competitive interactions between an alien tunicate and its native congener?

Abstract Variation in density of early stages, that is, larvae and juveniles, is a major determinant of the distribution and abundance of the adult population of most marine invertebrates. These early stages thus play a key role in competitive interactions, and, more specifically, in invasion dynamics when biologically similar native and non‐native species (NNS) come into contact in the same habitat. We examined the settlement dynamics and settlement rate of two important members of the fouling community that are common on human‐made infrastructures around the world: Ciona robusta (formerly known as Ciona intestinalis type A) and C. intestinalis (formerly known as C. intestinalis type B). In the western English Channel, the two species live in close syntopy following the recent introduction of C. robusta in the native European range of C. intestinalis. Using settlement panels replaced monthly over 2 years in four marinas (including one studied over 4 years) and species‐diagnostic molecular markers to distinguish between juveniles of both species (N = 1,650), we documented similar settlement dynamics of both species, with two settlement periods within a calendar year. With one exception, settlement times were highly similar in the congeners. Although the NNS showed lower settlement density than that of the native congener, its juvenile recruitment was high during the second settlement period that occurs after the warm season, a pattern also observed in adult populations. Altogether, our results suggest that species’ settlement dynamics do not lead to the dominance of one species over the other through space monopolization. In addition, we showed that changes over time are more pronounced in the NNS than in the native species. This is possibly due to a higher sensitivity of the NNS to changes of environmental factors such as temperature and salinity. Environmental changes may thus eventually modify the strength of competitive interactions between the two species as well as species dominance.
A Review for Aqueous Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Electrochemical capacitor is the most promising energy storage device that can meet the demands of high power supply and long cycle life, however low energy density and high fabrication cost limit its further development. Researchers have paid more attention to the development of electrode material in the past, and very few people attach importance to the research of the electrolyte, especially the redox electrolyte, which is important for improving specific capacitance greatly. This paper presents a review of the research in not only electrode material but also redox aqueous electrolyte and together with an important part of supercapacitor device. The advantages and disadvantages for different electrode material and electrolyte are discussed. And the new trends in supercapacitor development are also summarized.
Prototyping Applications with DART, The Designer's Augmented Reality Toolkit

In this position statement, we describe our approach to prototyping AR applications embodied in the Designer’s Augmented Reality Toolkit (DART), a system we are creating to allow non-technologists to easily create augmented reality (AR) experiences. Over the past year our research has been focused on the creation of this toolkit that can be used by technologists, designers, and students alike to rapidly prototype AR applications. Current approaches to AR development involve extensive programming and content creation as well as knowledge of technical topics involving cameras, trackers, and 3D geometry. The result is that it is very difficult even for technologists to create AR experiences. Our goal was to eliminate these obstacles that prevent such users from being able to experiment with AR. The DART system is based on the Macromedia Director multimedia-programming environment, the defacto standard for multimedia content creation. DART uses the familiar Director paradigms of a score, sprites and behaviors to allow a user to visually create complex AR applications. DART also provides low-level support for the management of trackers, sensors, and camera via a Director plug-in Xtra.
Pips : a Workbench for Building InterproceduralParallelizers , Compilers and OptimizersTechnical paperRonan Keryell

Pips is an experimental tool to implement and evaluate various inter-procedural compilation, parallelization, analysis and optimization techniques. This paper focuses on the workbench used to build these compilers. It includes the management of data structures, of dependences between the various analysis and transformation phases, and the mathematical libraries used to implement some of the most advanced analyses.