Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obliquely propagating electromagnetic drift ion cyclotron instability

[1] Identification of wave characteristics during current disruption events in the near-Earth geomagnetic tail region is important for understanding the substorm onset mechanism. The present paper discusses a linear stability analysis in the ion cyclotron frequency range of a plasma possessing the temperature anisotropy and cross-field flow. It is found that the ion cyclotron drift waves propagating in quasi-perpendicular direction with respect to the ambient magnetic field are characterized by low frequencies (ω ≲ 0.5Ωi), while quasi-parallel waves have frequencies close to the ion cyclotron frequency (ω ∼ Ωi). This finding is consistent with the observation by THEMIS spacecraft of a current disruption event in which similar high- and low-frequency band structures are present. The interpretation of the low-frequency mode as the quasi-perpendicular mode is consistent with a recent data analysis. The present paper shows that the high-frequency quasi-parallel mode can simultaneously be excited with the low-frequency quasi-perpendicular mode.
Rationality and Sylow 2-subgroups

Abstract Let G be a finite group. If G has a cyclic Sylow 2-subgroup, then G has the same number of irreducible rational-valued characters as of rational conjugacy classes. These numbers need not be the same even if G has Klein Sylow 2-subgroups and a normal 2-complement.
Investigation of surface passivation of amorphous silicon using photothermal deflection spectroscopy

We have used photothermal deflection spectroscopy to examine optical absorption in amorphous silicon films using a variety of surface passivation techniques. Absorption coefficients well below the band gap in these films are strongly influenced by surface state densities. Surfaces oxidized by either chemical treatment or in oxygen‐containing plasmas show lower interface state densities than do those passivated with deposited dielectrics.
Explaining the Concept of Self-Care Competence and Its Dimensions in Elderly Women with Knee Osteoarthritis in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Background Chronic diseases, especially knee osteoarthritis, are more likely to occur among women with the increase in age. Self-care is an effective strategy for the management of disease in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, recognizing the dimensions of self-care competence in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis is particularly important for long-term management of the disease. The current study aimed to explain the concept and dimensions of self-care competence in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Methods This qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Landman, from March to November 2020 in Mashhad (one of the largest cities in Iran). A total of 19 participants including 11 elderly women with knee osteoarthritis, 4 first-degree relatives and 4 medical staff were selected by the purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews which continued until data saturation was reached. The MAXQDA (Version 10) was used to organize, code, and manage the data. Findings Three main themes including “symptom management”, “personal growth” and “social cohesion” were emerged as the dimensions of self-care competence in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Conclusions Understanding the dimensions of self-care competence as one of the basic needs of the elderly women with knee osteoarthritis who live alone, is very important. Symptoms management, personal growth, and social cohesion as dimensions of self-care competence among this group of the elderly help to develop self-care competence interventions based on their needs.
Decomposition of unbounded derivations into invariant and approximately inner parts.

Let τ: G —> Aut 91 be a compact abelian ergodic action on a simple C*-algebra 9ί, and denote by 21F the subalgebra of G-fmite elements. If δ: 9Ir —> 9l is a *-derivation, then there exist a one-parameter subgroup /1—> g(/) of G and an approximately inner derivation £ such that <5 = <50 + £ where <50 is the generator of /i->T-(g(0)· This decomposition is unique. Suppose that G is finitely generated. If δ takes 21F into 2IF, then <) is inner. Also, for almost all ergodic actions (? ϊ, τ), if δ takes 2IF into the subalgebra 21̂ of infmitely differentiable elements then 5 is inner. Note that when 5 is inner, δ is the generator of a one-parameter group.
Traveling Wavefronts for Delayed Reaction-Diffusion Systems via a Fixed Point Theorem

Abstract By using Schauder's fixed point theorem, we prove some existence results for traveling wavefronts of reaction-diffusion systems with quasimonotonicity reactions. More precisely, we reduce the existence of traveling wavefronts to the existence of an admissible pair of supersolution and subsolution which are easy to construct in practice. Finally, to illustrate our main results, we study the existence of traveling wavefronts for a delayed predator-prey model with diffusion as well as the reaction-diffusion system with the well-known Belousov–Zhabotinskii reaction, and the obtained results improve the existing ones.
Crystallization of non-Brownian Spheres under Horizontal Shaking

Until now, it has been observed that a collective handling of uniform spheres could only lead to a random close packing of 0.64 maximum volume fraction. In this Letter, we show that denser crystalline arrangements can be obtained when beads are poured at low flow rates into a horizontally shaken container. A parallel is suggested between this process and that of colloidal sedimentation which also yields crystalline structure.
Structural integrity design for an active helicopter rotor blade with piezoelectric flap actuators

Helicopter uses a rotor system to generate lift, thrust and forces, and its aerodynamic environment is generally complex. Unsteady aerodynamic environment arises such as blade vortex interaction. This unsteady aerodynamic environment induces vibratory aerodynamic loads and high aeroacoustic noise. The aerodynamic load and aeroacoustic noise is at N times the rotor blade revolutions (N/rev). But conventional rotor control system composed of pitch links and swash plate is not capable of adjusting such vibratory loads because its control is restricted to 1/rev. Many active control methodologies have been examined to alleviate the problem. The blade using active control device manipulates the blade pitch angle with N/rev. In this paper, Active Trailing-edge Flap blade, which is one of the active control methods, is designed to reduce the unsteady aerodynamic loads. Active Trailing-edge Flap blade uses a trailing edge flap manipulated by an actuator to change camber line of the airfoil. Piezoelectric actuators are installed inside the blade to manipulate the trailing edge flap.
PRINCIPLES OF INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION : PHYSICS OF IMPLOSION AND THE CONCEPT OF INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY

The principles of laser fusion are the implosion of fuel pellets and the inertial confinement of fusion plasma produced by implosion. The process contains a lot of interesting physics, some of which is related to other newly developing fields such as astrophysics, hydrodynamics with radiation and turbulence, nonequilibrium atomic physics, and material science of extreme conditions. This, therefore, opens up new research fields and methods in basic science. On the other hand, fusion research aims at energy development for the future. The state of the art of inertial confinement fusion has reached a level where a goal-oriented program could be arranged for physics investigations and also technological developments.
Robust residual generation for linear fault diagnosis: an algebraic setting with examples

We are generating residuals for linear fault diagnosis and isolation which are 1. robust with respect to a large variety of additive disturbances, A reader who is already familiar with this algebraic setting may directly proceed to § 3. The numerous examples on various aspects of diagnosis, like the previous one, are written on the other hand in such a way that they may be understood by anyone who is not mastering those mathematical tools. We hope therefore that our results might be understood by a large community. 2. working in closed-loop, even with uncertain parameters. Several examples with their computer simulations, including a concrete case-study of a two mass system, are enlightening our viewpoint. Our methods, which are mainly of algebraic flavour (module theory, differential algebra, and operational calculus), are borrowed from recent works on control and identification.
Automated segmentation algorithm for electron microscope images with strong grey level fluctuations

An automated algorithm for image segmentation based on nucleation and growth of the background is presented. The graytone parameters of the algorithm are chosen by the algorithm itself. Only a single graytone cutoff remains to be chosen by hand. This cutoff is more general than the graytone parameters themselves, as it can be fixed for a whole class of images. Different ways to implement the automated choice of the graytone parameters are investigated. The role of the geometrical parameters of the automated algorithm is also discussed.
Three-dimensional shock tube flows for dense gases

The formation process of a non-classical rarefaction shock wave in dense gas shock tubes is investigated by means of numerical simulations. To this purpose, a novel numerical scheme for the solution of the Euler equations under non-ideal thermodynamics is presented, and applied for the first time to the simulation of non-classical fully three-dimensional flows. Numerical simulations are carried out to study the complex flow field resulting from the partial burst of the shock tube diaphragm, a situation that has been observed in preliminary trials of a dense gas shock tube experiment. Beyond the many similarities with the corresponding classical flow, the non-classical wave field is characterized by the occurrence of anomalous compression isentropic waves and rarefaction shocks propagating past the leading rarefaction shock front. Negative mass flow through the rarefaction shock wave results in a limited interaction with the contact surface close to the diaphragm, a peculiarity of the non-classical regime. The geometrical asymmetry does not prevent the formation of a single rarefaction shock front, though the pressure difference across the rarefaction wave is predicted to be weaker than the one which would be obtained by the complete burst of the diaphragm.
Safety and efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Qassim region of Saudi Arabia

Objective: Untreated hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer, and even death and also increases liver diseases. The elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR-GZR) treatment regimen when given in HCV genotype (GT) 1 and GT4 infection for 8 or 12 weeks showed a high sustained virolgical response (SVR) rates in different populations. This study was assessed the effectiveness as well as safety of EBR-GZR in 12 week treatment regimen in HCV GT4-infected treatment-naïve Saudi patients. Methods: This study conducted from June 2017 and December 2020 on Saudi HCV patients infected with GT4. Treatment protocol was given for 12 weeks in treatment-naive HCV GT4 infected cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic participants which were later followed for a total of 24 weeks for safety and efficacy of EBR-GZR. Results: We analyzed data of 54 participants with HCV GT 4 infection. Mean age was (53.46 ± 14.94) Treatment regimen was given to 14 cirrhotic (F4) and 40 non-cirrhotic (F0–F3). SVR was seen in 98.1% of participants with tolerable side effects and improved model for end stage liver disease (MELD) scores as fall in percentage seen from 18.5% to 14.8% in participants with MELD > 10. Conclusion: This retrospective study confirms that EBR-GZR for 12 weeks is a safe and effective treatment regimen in HCV GT4 patients in studied Saudi population. Treatment completion was followed by high SVR12 rates with improvement in prognostic markers of liver disease in participants with compensated cirrhosis. In short, the EBR-GZR combination showed efficacy in achieving the SVR12 in Child-Pugh B cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic population with a favorable safety profile.
Three-dimensional image processing and recognition

We present several methods for optoelectronic processing of 2- and 3-D images based on digital holography. 2D objects are optically encrypted by using on-axis digital holography. The digital hologram is obtained with phase-shifting interferometry. The encryption of the hologram is performed by using random phase codes. As conventional holograms, digital holograms contain information about shape, location and orientation of 3-D objects. This allows us to apply 3-D pattern recognition techniques with high discrimination. We also measure 3-D orientation changes using the information contained in digital holograms. Experimental results are presented.
Key Message

As salinity is one of the main environmental stresses that reduces the growth and productivity of crops by reducing water uptake and transport, in this work, we associated the physiological tolerance response of onion to increased NaCl concentration (from 25, 50, 75, to 100 mM) with the expression of aquaporins. Measurements of transpiration, gas exchange and nutrients content in leaf, roots and bulb tissues were determined in relation to the expression of PIP2, PIP1, and TIP2 aquaporin genes. The results indicated a significant decrease in growth in leaves, roots and bulbs only when 50 mM NaCl was applied. However, this was not correlated with the rest of the parameters, such as transpiration, number of stomata, osmotic potential, or chlorophyll concentration. In this way, the finding that the decreases in Mn, Zn and B observed in leaves, roots and bulbs at 50 mM NaCl were related to the expression of aquaporins, leaded to propose two phases of responses to salinity depending on level of NaCl. Therefore, the activation of PIP2 at 75 mM, in relation to Zn uptake, is proposed as relevant in the response of onion to high salinity.
The classical Korteweg capillarity system: geometry and invariant transformations

A class of invariant transformations is presented for the classical Korteweg capillarity system. The invariance is an extension of a kind originally introduced in an anisentropic gasdynamics context. In a particular instance, application of the invariant transformation leads to a deformed one-parameter class of Kármán–Tsien-type capillarity laws associated with a deformation of an integrable nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation which incorporates a de Broglie–Bohm potential. The latter and another integrable case associated with the classical Boussinesq equation may be linked to the motion of curves in Euclidean and projective space so that both the invariant transformation and the Galilean invariance of the capillarity system may be interpreted in a geometric and soliton-theoretic manner. The work is set in the broader context of other connections of invariant transformations in gasdynamics with soliton theory.
Students’ intelligence test results after six and sixteen months of irregular schooling due to the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected schooling worldwide. In many places, schools closed for weeks or months, only part of the student body could be educated at any one time, or students were taught online. Previous research discloses the relevance of schooling for the development of cognitive abilities. We therefore compared the intelligence test performance of 424 German secondary school students in Grades 7 to 9 (42% female) tested after the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., 2020 sample) to the results of two highly comparable student samples tested in 2002 (n = 1506) and 2012 (n = 197). The results revealed substantially and significantly lower intelligence test scores in the 2020 sample than in both the 2002 and 2012 samples. We retested the 2020 sample after another full school year of COVID-19-affected schooling in 2021. We found mean-level changes of typical magnitude, with no signs of catching up to previous cohorts or further declines in cognitive performance. Perceived stress during the pandemic did not affect changes in intelligence test results between the two measurements.
Educational Information Improves Listener Attitudes Toward People With Dysarthria Secondary to Parkinson's Disease.

PURPOSE People with dysarthria have been rated as less confident and less likable and are often assumed by listeners to have reduced cognitive abilities relative to neurotypical speakers. This study explores whether educational information about dysarthria can shift these attitudes in a group of speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria secondary to Parkinson's disease. METHOD One hundred seventeen listeners were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to transcribe sentences and rate the confidence, intelligence, and likability of eight speakers with mild hypokinetic dysarthria. Listeners were assigned to one of four conditions. In one condition, listeners were provided with no educational information prior to exposure to speakers with dysarthria (n = 29). In another condition, listeners were given educational statements from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association website (n = 29). In a third condition, listeners were given additional information stating that dysarthria does not indicate reduced intelligence or understanding (n = 30). Finally, in a fourth condition, listeners only heard samples from neurotypical, age-matched adults (n = 29). RESULTS Results revealed statistically significant effects of educational statements on ratings of speakers' confidence, intelligence, and likability. However, educational statements did not affect listeners' transcription accuracy. CONCLUSIONS This study presents preliminary evidence that educational material can positively influence listener impressions of speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria, especially when it is explicitly stated that the disorder does not affect intelligence or understanding. This initial examination provides preliminary support for educational awareness campaigns and self-disclosure of communicative difficulties in people with mild dysarthria.
Tautomerism of Pyridinylbutane-1,3-diones. An NMR and DFT study.

The three possible 1-(n-pyridinyl)butane-1,3-diones (nPM) have been synthesized. Structures, tautomerism, and conformations are investigated by means of DFT calculations. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra are assigned and deuterium isotope effects on 13 C chemical shifts have been measured. Analysis of the isotope effects leads to the equilibrium constants of the keto-enol tautomers. Some interesting differences are seen between the three compounds and to the phenyl analogues. The isotope effects can also rank the hydrogen bonds of the compounds with the one with nitrogen in 3 position of the pyridine ring as the weakest. Structures, conformers, energies, and NMR nuclear shieldings are calculated using DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level.
Extended Fitts' law in Three-Dimensional Pointing Tasks

This study explored an extended three-dimensional Fitts' law that is more suited for the pointing task than the conventional Fitts' law. The experiments were conducted under the manipulation of the distance to the target, size of the target, and direction of the target's location that can be described by two angles, θ1 and θ2. Considering the starting point as the center of coordinates, θ1 is the angle between the positive z-axis and the target location and θ2 is the angle between the positive y-axis and the projected target location on the x-y plane. From the experimental results, we confirmed that all four variables significantly affect the movement time. As we extended the index of difficulty of the conventional Fitts' model by incorporating θ1 and θ2, we established an extended Fitt's model that showed better accordance with the empirical data than the conventional Fitts' model, in terms of the r 2 and the standard error of the residual between the measured movement time and the predicted value.
Computational modeling of human multisensory spatial representation by a neural architecture

Our brain constantly combines sensory information in unitary percept to build coherent representations of the environment. Even though this process could appear smooth, integrating sensory inputs from various sensory modalities must overcome several computational issues, such as recoding and statistical inferences problems. Following these assumptions, we developed a neural architecture replicating humans’ ability to use audiovisual spatial representations. We considered the well-known ventriloquist illusion as a benchmark to evaluate its phenomenological plausibility. Our model closely replicated human perceptual behavior, proving a truthful approximation of the brain’s ability to develop audiovisual spatial representations. Considering its ability to model audiovisual performance in a spatial localization task, we release our model in conjunction with the dataset we recorded for its validation. We believe it will be a powerful tool to model and better understand multisensory integration processes in experimental and rehabilitation environments.
Prevalence of masked hypertension and its association with left ventricular hypertrophy in children and young adults with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: There are limited studies using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) to assess blood pressure (BP) status in young patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis or after kidney transplantation. The aim of this meta-analysis is to estimate the prevalence of both white-coat hypertension (WCH) and masked hypertension, along with the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), in children and young adults with CKD on dialysis or after kidney transplantation. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the prevalence of BP phenotypes using ABPM, in children and young adults with CKD stages 2–5d. Records were identified by search in databases (Medline, Web of Science, CENTRAL) and sources of grey literature, until 31 December 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis of proportions (double arcsine transformation) was conducted. Results: Ten studies were included in the systematic review, reporting data from 1140 individuals (children and young adults with CKD with a mean age of 13.79 ± 4.35 years). Masked hypertension and WCH were diagnosed in 301 and 76 patients, respectively. It was estimated an overall pooled masked hypertension prevalence of 27% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 18–36, I2 = 87%] and an overall pooled WCH prevalence of 6% (95% CI 3–9, I2 = 78%). Among kidney transplant recipients, masked hypertension had a prevalence of 29% (95% CI 14–47, I2 = 86%). The prevalence of LVH was found 28% (95% CI 0.19–0.39) in a total of 238 CKD patients with ambulatory hypertension. In 172 CKD patients with masked hypertension, LVH was present in 49, with the estimated prevalence being 23% (95% CI 0.15–0.32). Conclusion: Masked hypertension has a significant prevalence in children and young adults with CKD. Masked hypertension carries an adverse prognosis, with an increased risk of LVH, warranting clinical attention when assessing cardiovascular risk in this population. Therefore, ABPM and echocardiography is of high importance when assessing BP status in children with CKD. Protocol registration number (DOI): 10.17605/OSF.IO/UKXAF