Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the success rate of laryngeal mask airway insertion during etomidate induction by using fentanyl or succinylcholine.

BACKGROUND Smooth and successful insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during etomidate induction requires a proper mouth opening and efforts to minimize airway reflexes such as gagging, coughing, or laryngospasm. We hypothesized that the concurrent use of fentanyl or succinylcholine with etomidate, the induction agent, could reduce the occurrence of airway reflexes and increase the success rate of LMA. METHODS Sixty adult patients, ASA class I-II, scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly allocated into three groups: group I in which patients were given etomidate 0.3 mg/kg alone; group 2 in which patients were given fentanyl 2 microg/kg and etomidate 0.3 mg/kg; groups 3 in which patients were give etomidate 0.3 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg. All patients were premedicated with atropine 0.01 mg/kg. When induction of anesthesia began we recorded the time from administering the designated regiminal agent or agents to the time of relaxation of jaw (the ease of mouth opening) and checked the patient for any excitatory movement after administering the induction agents. After inserting the LMA, we checked for signs of airway reflexes. Student's t test, Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS There were no significant differences in demographic data among the the three groups. The concurrent use of fentanyl or succinylcholine with etomidate during induction could significantly reduce the occurrence of excitatory movements and airway reflexes after LMA insertion, and increase the success rate of LMA insertion in comparison with using etomidate alone. Comparing the two adjutant agents, the concurrent use of succinylcholine could provide a significantly better jaw relaxation, shorten the time to insert the LMA and increase the success rate of LMA insertion. CONCLUSIONS As an induction agent to facilitate insertion of LMA, etomidate alone was far from perfect. The concurrent use of 2 microg/kg of fentanyl with etomidate might significantly reduce the occurrence of airway reflexes in response to LMA insertion and increase the success rate of insertion. However, concurrent use of 1 mg/kg succinylcholine with etomidate might provide better results in terms of shortened time for the LMA insertion, jaw relaxation, and the success rate of LMA insertion than that of fentanyl.
Porcine MYF6 Gene: Sequence, Homology Analysis, and Variation in the Promoter Region

Abstract MYF6 gene codes for the bHLH transcription factor belonging to MyoD family. Its expression accompanies the processes of differentiation and maturation of myotubes during embriogenesis and continues on a relatively high level after birth, affecting the muscle phenotype. The porcine MYF6 gene was amplified and sequenced and compared with MYF6 gene sequences of other species. The amino acid sequence was deduced and an interspecies homology analysis was performed. Myf-6 protein shows a high conservation among species of 99 and 97% identity when comparing pig with cow and human, respectively, and of 93% when comparing pig with mouse and rat. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was revealed within the promoter region, which appeared to be T → C transition recognized by a MspI restriction enzyme.
Curvelet feature based fingerprint recognition: Using fourier enhancement

Fingerprints are the oldest and most widely used form of biometric identification. Uniqueness of one's Fingerprint remains same throughout the lifetime. Therefore, fingerprints are being used in many biometric systems such as civilian and commercial identification devices and forensic investigation systems. In our paper we have proposed a fingerprint recognition system as a combination of three significant stages: preprocessing, post-processing and matching stage that improves accuracy by overcoming the challenges previous systems presented. We have applied several enhancement methods in the pre-processing stage. For fingerprint image alignment purpose we have used core point based `Poincare Index value' method, which is one of the widely used method for core point detection. Curvelet transformation, a new multi-resolution and multi-orientations tool is therefore used for the extraction of feature set from the image in different scale and orientation. Extracted features vectors from Curvelet co-efficient matrix are then classified using k nearest neighbor classifier in order to recognize the specific fingerprint.
Risk Budgeting and Frontier Markets: A Country Risk Indicator Approach For Risk Budgets Design

Utilizzando l'innovativo approccio alla costruzione di portafogli dei risk budgeting ho creato dei portafogli diversificati a livello internazionale usando i mercati di frontiera. I budget di rischio sono disegnati utilizzando un indicatore di rischio-paese.
Number of output nodes of artificial neural networks for Korean prosody generation

We’d been studying artificial neural networks(ANNs) that can learn and generate the prosody of a Korean sentence. To hear more natural synthetic speech generated by a Korean TTS (Text-To-Speech) system, we have to know all the possible prosodic rules about Korean language and integrate all of these rules into an algorithm. We can get these rules from linguistic, phonetic knowledge or by analyzing real speech. But this algorithm cannot cover all the possible prosodic rules in a language, so the quality of synthesized speech cannot be as good as we expect. We had trained BP (Back Propagation) ANNs that can learn the energy contour and the pitch contour of a phoneme in a sentence and generate the polynomial parameters of the contours that can be used in TTS system. The prosodic contours of a phoneme can be approximated by polynomial equations and the order of the polynomial equations can be determined according to the various conditions. In this paper, we had compared the performances of ANNs with different number of output nodes.
Depression and bipolar support alliance consensus statement on the unmet needs in diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To focus attention on the critical unmet needs of children and adolescents with mood disorders and to make recommendations for future research and allocation of healthcare resources. METHOD The 36-member Consensus Development Panel consisted of experts in child/adolescent or adult psychiatry and psychology, pediatrics, and mental health advocacy. Reviews of the literature concerning youth mood disorders were performed on the subjects of risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and services delivery, and opinions and experiences of mental health advocates were obtained. RESULTS The Consensus Development Panel listened to presentations and participated in discussions. Independent workgroups of clinicians, scientists, and mental health advocates considered the evidence and prepared preliminary statements. Workgroup leaders presented drafts for discussion by the Consensus Development Panel. The final document was reviewed by the entire group and edited to incorporate input from all participants. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests high rates of unmet needs for children and adolescents with depression or bipolar disorder. Training is largely limited to child mental health specialists; general psychiatrists, pediatricians, and other primary care physicians receive little or no training. As a result, treatment patterns may reflect adult treatment plans that are not validated for youths. Effective treatments have been identified and some preliminary prevention models have been developed, but they are not yet widely applied. Patients experience limited exposure to clinicians adequately trained to address their problems and little information to guide care decisions, particularly concerning bipolar disorder. National efforts are required to restructure healthcare delivery and provider training and to immediately develop more advanced research on pathophysiology, prevention, and services delivery effectiveness.
Forgiveness, and Other Themes, in Women Whose Fathers Killed Their Mothers

The purpose of this article is to describe the experiences of adult women who, when they were children, experienced the homicide of their mother by their father. Two qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 31 women survivors of uxoricide to create a qualitative description of the phenomenon. A number of themes have emerged including descriptions of the daughter “seeking understanding,” “forgiving the father” (or not), and descriptions of the father in terms of his being her father or in terms of his behavior and the homicide.
Functional Subpopulations of V3 Interneurons in the Mature Mouse Spinal Cord

V3 interneurons (INs) are a major group of excitatory commissural interneurons in the spinal cord, and they are essential for producing a stable and robust locomotor rhythm. V3 INs are generated from the ventral-most progenitor domain, p3, but migrate dorsally and laterally during postmitotic development. At birth, they are located in distinctive clusters in the ventral horn and deep dorsal horn. To assess the heterogeneity of this genetically identified group of spinal INs, we combined patch-clamp recording and anatomical tracing with cluster analysis. We examined electrophysiological and morphological properties of mature V3 INs identified by their expression of tdTomato fluorescent proteins in Sim1Cre/+; Rosafloxstop26TdTom mice. We identified two V3 subpopulations with distinct intrinsic properties and spatial distribution patterns. Ventral V3 INs, primarily located in lamina VIII, possess a few branching processes and were capable of generating rapid tonic firing spikes. By contrast, dorsal V3 INs exhibited a more complex morphology and relatively slow average spike frequency with strong adaptation, and they also displayed large sag voltages and post-inhibitory rebound potentials. Our data suggested that hyperpolarization-activated cation channel currents and T-type calcium channel currents may account for some of the membrane properties of V3 INs. Finally, we observed that ventral and dorsal V3 INs were active in different ways during running and swimming, indicating that ventral V3 INs may act as premotor neurons and dorsal V3 INs as relay neurons mediating sensory inputs. Together, we detected two physiologically and topographically distinct subgroups of V3 INs, each likely playing different roles in locomotor activities.
Purkinje cell number and size, comparison of human and rat cerebella

Estimates of total number and mean volume of Purkinje cells in five human and nine rat cerebella were obtained using stereological methods based on unbiased principles and estimators. The average total number of Purkinje cells was 30.5~lO° (CV = SD/mean = 0.13) in humans and 0.61-10° (CV = 0.21) in rats. Thus the total number of Purkinje cells was 50 times higher in the human compared with rats, while numerical density per mm3 was 13 times lower in humans (0.81-103) compared with rats (1O.l~l03). The nucleator was applied to estimate the number weighted mean volume of the large and unevenly distributed Purkinje cells. In humans the mean volume of Purkinje cell perikaryon is 14,250 umg (CV = 23%). The data are compared with the mean Purkinje cell perikaryon volume in rats, 5,300 /1m3, with a CV of 5%. Expectedly, the variation in Purkinje perikaryon volume between individuals are larger in humans than the individual variation between rats.
An abattoir study of genital pathology in cows: II. Uterus, cervix and vagina

SUMMARY In this study, the pathological conditions of uterus, cervix and vagina of 1113 cows slaughtered at Konya abattoirs were examined in Turkey. As a result of this investigations, in 36 cases (3.23 %) uterus, in 28 cases (2.51%) cervix and in 33 cases (2.96 %) vagina showed some pathological changes. The most common lesion of the uterus was inflammatory changes. The pathological conditions of uterus were classified as follows; segmental aplasia (0.45 %), hydrometra (0.09 %), mucometra (0.36 %), glandular hyperplasia (1.16 %), endometritis (1.26%), perimetritis (0.09 %) and parametritis (0.09 %). Pathological changes of cervix were double cervix (0.18 %), postcervical band (0.72 %), cervical cyst (0.09 %), metaplasia (0.18 %), gland formation (0.27 %) and cervicitis (1.35 %). Vaginal abnormalities were cystic Gartner’s ducts (1.07 %), dorsoventral vaginal band (0.54 %) and vaginitis (1.35 %).
Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Cerebellar Ataxia: A Clinical Analysis and Literature Review

Background: Although it has been established that antiphospholipid antibodies (APAbs) bind to and modulate the signaling of cerebellar neurons in vitro, the clinical correlation between increased APAbs and cerebellar ataxia has rarely been investigated. Methods: We reviewed 10 patients presenting with cerebellar ataxia with increased blood APAbs from our database along with 3 APAb-associated cerebellar ataxia patients in the literature. Results: Of these 10 patients, 4 exhibited a subacute onset of progressive ataxia, and there were no significant structural changes in their brains that appeared to be responsible for the symptoms. Another 6 showed a chronic course of ataxia, and shared similar morphological changes that included symmetrical lesions in bilateral hemispheres, periventricular lucency and central and temporal atrophy of varying severity; the cerebellum was spared. The predominant APAbs for subacute and chronic ataxia were the anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibody and anticardiolipin antibody, respectively. Cancer was found in 1 patient with subacute ataxia and in 4 with chronic ataxia. The removal of the cancer, the plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy successfully abolished the ataxia and increased APAb levels in all 5 patients. Conclusions: The relation between APAbs and nonvascular neurological disorders, such as cerebellar ataxia, should be further studied. APAbs may mediate neurological deficits via different mechanisms such as structural damage or functional neurotoxicity. Clinically, the examination of blood APAb levels is recommended for patients with cerebellar ataxia without a determined cause, and the further survey of systemic cancers in the case of APAb positivity is also recommended. Finally, plasmapheresis is a reasonable and effective treatment for APAb-associated cerebellar ataxia.
Temperature Entrainment of the Circadian Cuticle Deposition Rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster

The cuticle deposition rhythm, which is observed in the apodeme of the furca in the thorax, is controlled by a peripheral circadian clock in the epidermal cells and entrained to light-dark (LD) cycles via CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) in Drosophila melanogaster. In the present study, we examined the effects of temperature (TC) cycles and the combination of LD and TC cycles on entrainment of the cuticle deposition rhythm. The rhythm was entrained to TC cycles, whose period was 28 h. In T = 21 and 24 h, the rhythm was entrained to TC cycles in some individuals. CRY is not necessary for temperature entrainment of the cuticle deposition rhythm because the rhythm in cryb (lacking functional CRY) was entrained to TC cycles. Temperature entrainment of the rhythm was achieved even when the thoraxes or furcae were cultured in vitro, suggesting that the mechanism for temperature entrainment is independent of the central clock in the brain and the site of the thermoreception resides in the epidermal cells. When LD and TC cycles with different periods were applied, the rhythm was entrained to LD cycles with a slight influence of TC cycles. Thus, the LD cycle is a stronger zeitgeber than the TC cycle. The variance of the number of the cuticle layers decreased in the flies kept under LD and TC cycles with the same period in which the thermophase coincided with the photophase. Therefore, we conclude that LD and TC cycles synergistically entrain the rhythm. Synergistic effects of LD and TC cycles on entrainment were also observed even when the thoraxes were cultured in vitro, suggesting that the light and temperature information is integrated within the peripheral circadian system.
Embedded capacitor design rules in multilayer organic-based substrate for HF circuits

Embedded capacitor technology has a great potential for improved electrical performances, assembly cost reduction and the circuits reliability increase for high frequencies applications. This article describes the behavior of embedded capacitors and studies the design rules in a wide frequency band. In a first time, a simple planar capacitor of (1*1) cm2 surface is designed and simulated by 2.5D and 3D field solver software Momentum and HFSS respectively, in the range of 10 MHz to 1.2 GHz. The latter is compared by measurements results and shows a good agreement on the resonant frequency values (10%). In a second step, from the validated model, two 3D structures using capacitors sizes (1*1) mm2 are studied in the band of 1 MHz to 10 GHz. In parallel, the electrical equivalent models of these structures are released by the ADS software. A smaller difference in resonant frequency (20%) is obtained to results simulations of 3D and electrical models. Finally, electromagnetic (EM) simulations on various geometries of capacitors for same surface electrodes and for buried structures, give a resonant frequency around 1.7 GHz.
Prevalence of off-label use of oral oncolytics at a community cancer center.

PURPOSE Oral oncolytics are becoming increasingly utilized for cancer treatment, but the frequency of off-label oral oncolytic use is not well described. The extent of off-label oral oncolytic use is a concern because the clinical benefits of such use to patients may not outweigh adverse health outcomes or cost concerns. METHODS Prescription data for January 2011 through November 2013 from the St. Lukes Mountain States Tumor Institute (MSTI) Oral Chemotherapy program (OCP) was retrospectively analyzed. Use was classified as "on-label" if the cancer site, stage, and line of therapy met the FDA-approved indication. All other uses were classified as "off- label. " Off-label use was further evaluated by whether it conformed to and was supported by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline recommendations. RESULTS Twelve hundred and six first-fill oral chemotherapy prescriptions were reviewed, representing 990 unique patients and 44 individual medications. On-label use amounted to 71% and off-label use amounted to 29%. Eighty-eight percent of off-label uses were supported by NCCN guideline recommendations. A total of 3.3% of all prescriptions analyzed were for off-label uses not supported by NCCN guideline recommendations. The top five oral chemotherapies prescribed for off-label uses were capecitabine, temozolomide, lenalidomide, abiraterone, and everolimus. CONCLUSION Oral chemotherapies are more often used on label than off label in current practice at our community cancer center. The majority of off-label use of oral oncolytics in this study was supported by NCCN guideline recommendations.
Enhanced Firing in NTS Induced by Short-Term Sustained Hypoxia Is Modulated by Glia-Neuron Interaction

Humans ascending to high altitudes are submitted to sustained hypoxia (SH), activating peripheral chemoreflex with several autonomic and respiratory responses. Here we analyzed the effect of short-term SH (24 h, FIO210%) on the processing of cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes using an in situ preparation of rats. SH increased both the sympatho-inhibitory and bradycardiac components of baroreflex and the sympathetic and respiratory responses of peripheral chemoreflex. Electrophysiological properties and synaptic transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurons, the first synaptic station of afferents of baroreflexes and chemoreflexes, were evaluated using brainstem slices and whole-cell patch-clamp. The second-order NTS neurons were identified by previous application of fluorescent tracer onto carotid body for chemoreceptor afferents or onto aortic depressor nerve for baroreceptor afferents. SH increased the intrinsic excitability of NTS neurons. Delayed excitation, caused by A-type potassium current (IKA), was observed in most of NTS neurons from control rats. The IKA amplitude was higher in identified second-order NTS neurons from control than in SH rats. SH also blunted the astrocytic inhibition of IKA in NTS neurons and increased the synaptic transmission in response to afferent fibers stimulation. The frequency of spontaneous excitatory currents was also increased in neurons from SH rats, indicating that SH increased the neurotransmission by presynaptic mechanisms. Therefore, short-term SH changed the glia-neuron interaction, increasing the excitability and excitatory transmission of NTS neurons, which may contribute to the observed increase in the reflex sensitivity of baroreflex and chemoreflex in in situ preparation.
Russian patronage over Abkhazia and South Ossetia: implications for conflict resolution

ABSTRACT This article applies the concepts of linkage and leverage as developed by Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way and elaborated by Gwendolyn Sasse in the introduction to this special issue of East European Politics to Russia’s involvement with Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the two quasi-independent states in the South Caucasus. Through this re-conceptualisation of the developments in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, combined with new empirical insights, the article aims to increase our understanding of the conflicts in the region, of the involvement of the Russian Federation in particular, and consequently of the prospects of international conflict resolution. Compared to other political entities in the former Soviet Union, Abkhazia and South Ossetia represent an extreme case of Russian linkage and leverage. This article focuses on the period after the Russian–Georgian war in 2008, when Russia recognised the regions’ independence and effectively turned them into Russian protectorates. The economic, intergovernmental, technocratic and social linkages between Russia and the two regions are extraordinarily deep, and they directly undermine the autonomy of the regions. The post-war delegation of Russian cadres and institutional and legislative diffusion creates additional linkages underpinning Russian leverage.
Mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression is increased in human hippocampus following brief cerebral ischaemia

Background: We have previously reported that neuronal endangerment in vitro and hypothermic transient global ischaemia in vivo each result in increased mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression. In both models MR induction is associated with increased neuronal survival, and blocking MR signalling reduces neuronal survival. Furthermore, transgenic overexpression of human MR promotes neuronal survival both in vitro and in vivo. Aims: Here we have assessed whether brief periods of cerebral ischaemia in human subjects, such as occurs in cardiac arrest from which successful resuscitation is achieved, are associated with a sustained increase in hippocampal MR mRNA expression. Methods: Human post‐mortem brain sections from patients who had died in the weeks following cardiac arrest were analysed for MR mRNA expression by in situ hybridization. Results: Sustained upregulation of MR mRNA expression was observed in the dentate gyrus region of human hippocampus following a brief episode of cerebral ischaemia. Conclusions: This confirms that MR mRNA expression is regulated following neuronal injury in human brain, and suggests that the benefits of increased MR expression seen in animal models of ischaemia may also be observed in humans.