Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Layer Thinning of Exfoliated \b{eta}-Tellurene and Room Temperature Photoluminescence with Large Exciton Binding Energy Revealed in TeO2

Due to its tunable band gap, anisotropic behavior, and superior thermoelectric properties, device applications using layered tellurene (Te) are becoming attractive. Here, we report a thinning technique for exfoliated tellurene nanosheets using thermal annealing in an oxygen environment. We characterize different thinning parameters including temperature and annealing time. Based on our measurements, we show that controlled layer thinning occurs in the narrow temperature range of 325 oC to 350 oC. We also show a reliable method to form \b{eta}-tellurene oxide (\b{eta}- TeO2), which is an emerging wide band gap semiconductor with promising electronic and optoelectronic properties. This wide band gap semiconductor exhibits a broad photoluminescence (PL) spectrum with multiple peaks covering the range 1.76 eV to 2.08 eV. This PL emission coupled with Raman spectra are strong evidence of the formation of 2D \b{eta}- TeO2. We discuss the results obtained and the mechanisms of Te thinning and \b{eta}-TeO2 formation at different temperature regimes. We also discuss the optical band gap of \b{eta}-TeO2 and show the existence of pronounced excitonic effects evident by the large exciton binding energy in this 2D \b{eta}-TeO2 system that reach 1.54 eV to 1.62 eV for bulk to monolayer, respectively. Our work can be utilized to have better control over Te nanosheet thickness. It also sheds light on the formation of well-controlled \b{eta}-TeO2 layered semiconductor for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Geologic Problem Solving in the Field: Analysis of Field Navigation and Mapping by Advanced Undergraduates

Field instruction is a critical piece of undergraduate geoscience majors’ education, and fieldwork remains a major part of the work of professional geologists. Despite the central importance of field education, there exists relatively little educational research exploring how students learn to solve problems in geological fieldwork. This study adds tools and insight to the study of field problem solving. We used GPS tracking of students engaged in independent field examinations, and developed two parallel coding approaches for analyzing student navigational choices. Taken together, our coding enables correlation of navigational characteristics with performance and lends insight into problem solving by building on a conceptual framework modified from the cognitive science field of Naturalistic Decision Making. Our results indicate that most advanced geology undergraduates are capable of recognizing important features in the field, however lower-performing students fail to systematically test multiple interpretations of their data as reflected in poorly planned traverses across the examination field area. Specific track sequences, especially those involving reoccupation of locations, show particular difficulties in aspects of problem solving that are reflected in low quality interpretations on finished maps. Our study offers new tools and an independent approach to gauging student skills in geologic field problem solving.
Semi-supervised Clustering with Two Types of Background Knowledge: Fusing Pairwise Constraints and Monotonicity Constraints

This study addresses the problem of performing clustering in the presence of two types of background knowledge: pairwise constraints and monotonicity constraints. To achieve this, the formal framework to perform clustering under monotonicity constraints is, firstly, defined, resulting in a specific distance measure. Pairwise constraints are integrated afterwards by designing an objective function which combines the proposed distance measure and a pairwise constraint-based penalty term, in order to fuse both types of information. This objective function can be optimized with an EM optimization scheme. The proposed method serves as the first approach to the problem it addresses, as it is the first method designed to work with the two types of background knowledge mentioned above. Our proposal is tested in a variety of benchmark datasets and in a real-world case of study.
Estimating Head Motion from Mr-Images

Head motion is an omnipresent confounder of magnetic resonance image (MRI) analyses as it systematically affects morphometric measurements, even when visual quality control is performed. In order to estimate subtle head motion, that remains undetected by experts, we introduce a deep learning method to predict in-scanner head motion directly from T1-weighted (T1w), T2-weighted (T2w) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images using motion estimates from an in-scanner depth camera as ground truth. Since we work with data from compliant healthy participants of the Rhineland Study, head motion and resulting imaging artifacts are less prevalent than in most clinical cohorts and more difficult to detect. Our method demonstrates improved performance compared to state-of-the-art motion estimation methods and can quantify drift and respiration movement independently. Finally, on unseen data, our predictions preserve the known, significant correlation with age.
Viscous damping force during head-on collision of two spherical particles

Viscous damping is known to play a critical role in determining the restitution coefficient for the collision of two spherical particles at low and moderate Stokes numbers due to fluid motion in the squeeze-film between the particles. The classical expression for the viscous damping force of approaching spheres, valid prior to collision of the particles, has been used by several investigators to model the effect of viscous damping on the restitution coefficient. However, viscous damping also occurs during the particle collision due to the corner flow associated with a change in the radius of the contact region, within which the particle surfaces deform into flattened parallel surfaces due to high fluid pressure within the squeeze-film. The current paper derives a simple expression for the fluid damping force caused by the squeeze-film dynamics associated with a change in the contact region radius during collision. This expression is then used in conjunction with the damping force expression for spherical .
D2SLAM: Semantic visual SLAM based on the Depth-related influence on object interactions for Dynamic environments

Considering the scene's dynamics is the most effective solution to obtain an accurate perception of unknown environments for real vSLAM applications. Most existing methods attempt to address the non-rigid scene assumption by combining geometric and semantic approaches to determine dynamic elements that lack generalization and scene awareness. We propose a novel approach that overcomes these limitations by using scene-depth information to improve the accuracy of the localization from geometric and semantic modules. In addition, we use depth information to determine an area of influence of dynamic objects through an Object Interaction Module that estimates the state of both non-matched and non-segmented key points. The obtained results on TUM-RGBD dataset clearly demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Cluster Analysis of Multimodel Ensemble Data from SAMEX

Abstract Short-range ensemble forecasts from the Storm and Mesoscale Ensemble Experiment (SAMEX) are examined to explore the importance of model diversity in short-range ensemble forecasting systems. Two basic techniques from multivariate data analysis are used: cluster analysis and principal component analysis. This 25-member ensemble is constructed of 36-h forecasts from four different numerical weather prediction models, including the Eta Model, the Regional Spectral Model (RSM), the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), and the Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). The Eta Model and RSM forecasts are initialized using the breeding of growing modes approach, the ARPS model forecasts are initialized using a scaled lagged average forecasting approach, and the MM5 forecasts are initialized using a random coherent structures approach. The MM5 forecasts also include different model physical parameterization schemes, allowing us t.
A Time Series Model for Responses on the Unit Interval

We introduce an autoregressive model for responses that are restricted to lie on the unit interval, with beta-distributed marginals. The model includes strict stationarity as a special case, and is based on the introduction of a series of latent random variables with a simple hierarchical specication that achieves the desired dependence while being amenable to posterior simulation schemes. We discuss the construction, study some of the main properties, and compare it with alternative models using simulated data. We
Computation of free surface waves around an arbitrary body by a Navier‐Stokes solver using the psuedocompressibility technique

A Navier-Stokes equation solver is developed for computing free surface wave and viscous flow around an arbitrary body, in which a free surface model is introduced into the pseudocompressibility solution. The governing equations are classified in a vectorial form, with primitive variables, and a block diagonal system is generated by the discretization of an implicit factorization method. A moving grid system fitted to both the free surface and body surface is generated by an effective cubic spline fitting technique. Two zero-equation turbulence models, namely the Cebeci-Smith model and the Baldwin-Lomax model, are used for turbulent calculations. Numerical simulations are carried out for the free surface viscous flows generated by a submerged hydrofoil and a ship model.
Direction finding of half-gyrofrequency VLF emissions in the off-equatorial region of the magnetosphere and their generation and propagation

The spectra of VLF/ELF emissions in the off-equatorial region in the outer magnetosphere are, on occasion, found to consist of upper and lower bands with a frequency gap between them. The wave normal directions of the upper band VLF emissions have been determined by means of wave distribution function analyses based first on the measurement of three magnetic field components only, and then with the additional use of an electric field component. It is found that the wave distribution functions are composed of two peaks whose central wave normal angles θ with respect to the magnetic field at a geomagnetic latitude of ∼17° are close to the local oblique resonance cone θres but whose values of θ are always about 15°–20° less than θres at a higher latitude of ∼26°. This observed wave normal behavior is compared with the theoretical prediction from direct ray tracing studies using the hypothesis deduced from a previous investigation that the waves are generated at the equator with wave normals close to θres. A combination of this comparison and inverse ray tracing in which the initial wave normal directions are those determined from the wave distribution analysis has yielded the result that the θ values of the upper band VLF emissions are very close to θres at the equator and that the normalized frequency there, Λeq, is above 0.5. Hence the upper band VLF emissions are identified as being “half-gyrofrequency” VLF emissions generated in the vicinity of the magnetic equator, with their wave normals close to θres. The characteristics of propagation between the equatorial source region and the observing positions have been investigated by direct ray tracing. The generation mechanism is also discussed.
A Social Reproduction Theory of Gender Violence

Gender violence is characterized by its persistent ubiquity, yet feminist theorists are challenged with naming this prevalence without granting gender violence an overdetermining quality or playing into tired tropes of feminine weakness. As a means of thinking through gender violence in its nontotalizing ubiquity, its specificities, and in the ways in which it resisted, this piece applies the feminist political economy concept of “social reproduction. ” Kendra Strauss writes that social reproduction refers to the “the varied processes involved in maintaining and reproducing individuals and societies over time. ” It is paid and unpaid labor that is usually feminized and often performed by women. Recognizing the crucial role of social reproduction in making and maintaining life, I argue that, as a set of social relations necessary to capital and yet shaped inside and outside of its logics, social reproduction is a liminal space, a place of day-to-day resistance to dominant material and ideological systems of power. As a site of liminality, social reproduction is a locus of struggle, a site of gender violence and resistance in ongoing processes of capital accumulation. This liminal and transgressive quality helps to explain the extreme and persistent violence targeting these labors and the feminized bodies that perform them while at the same time honoring their creative resistance to the totalizing impulses of capital.
Mechanical energy fluctuation in lower limbs during walking in participants with and without total hip replacement

Mechanical energy fluctuation of the segments of lower limbs during walking has not been fully investigated. It was hypothesized that the segments may work as a pendulum, i.e. the kinetic and potential energies exchanged out of phase. This study aimed to investigate energy changes and recovery during gait in hip replacement patients. The gait data for 12 participants with total hip replacement and 12 age-matched control was compared. The kinetic, potential and rotative energies for whole lower limb and thigh, calf and foot, were calculated. The effectiveness of a pendulum effect was analysed. Gait parameters (speeds and cadence) were calculated. The results showed that the thigh had significant effectiveness as a pendulum during gait with energy recovery coefficient of approximately 40% while the calf and foot were less like a pendulum during gait. In comparison, energy recoveries of lower limbs in the two groups were not significantly different. If the pelvis was considered as an approximate to the centre of mass, however, the control group had a higher energy recovery than total-hip-replacement group by roughly 10%. This study concluded that, unlike centre of mass energy recovery, the mechanical energy recovery mechanism in the lower limbs during walking is not affected after total hip replacement.
Multimodal Sentiment Analysis: A Survey of Methods, Trends, and Challenges

Sentiment analysis has come long way since it was introduced as a natural language processing task nearly 20 years ago. Sentiment analysis aims to extract the underlying attitudes and opinions toward an entity. It has become a powerful tool used by governments, businesses, medicine, marketing, and others. The traditional sentiment analysis model focuses mainly on text content. However, technological advances have allowed people to express their opinions and feelings through audio, image and video channels. As a result, sentiment analysis is shifting from unimodality to multimodality. Multimodal sentiment analysis brings new opportunities with the rapid increase of sentiment analysis as complementary data streams enable improved and deeper sentiment detection which goes beyond text-based analysis. Audio and video channels are included in multimodal sentiment analysis in terms of broadness. People have been working on different approaches to improve sentiment analysis system performance by employing complex deep neural architectures. Recently, sentiment analysis has achieved significant success using the transformer-based model. This paper presents a comprehensive study of different sentiment analysis approaches, applications, challenges, and resources then concludes that it holds tremendous potential. The primary motivation of this survey is to highlight changing trends in the unimodality to multimodality for solving sentiment analysis tasks.
Enhanced proton acceleration from laser interaction with curved surface nanowire targets

A novel curved surface nanowire target is proposed to improve the cutoff energy of accelerated protons via target normal sheath acceleration. The interaction of a laser of intensity $1.37\times 10^{20}\ {\rm W}\ {\rm cm}^{-2}$ with a curved surface nanowire target is studied by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The numerical results indicate that the sheath electric field at the target rear side is significantly enhanced by this simple target design, compared with using the planar nanowire target. The transverse motion of hot electrons is effectively confined and the energy density of electrons is naturally increased. A series of simulations with various target parameters is carried out to investigate the performance of this novel target. This tailored target may provide implications for generating high-quality proton beams in experiments.
Time-Series Analysis of Ship Movements Using Community Detection and Functional Data Analysis across the East Coast of the Republic of Korea

ABSTRACT Kim, G. ; Jeong, M. -H. ; Jeon, S. -B. , and Khan, M.S., 2023. Time-series analysis of ship movements using community detection and functional data analysis across the east coast of the Republic of Korea. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(2), 360–365. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Because of the recent climate change caused by air pollution in ports, global interest in marine spatial planning (MSP) has increased to achieve cost-effective navigation, economic development goals, logistics, and energy transportation. Accordingly, research on ship traffic, the main cause of air pollution in ports, is attracting attention. This study aims to investigate the temporal characteristics of the port network on the east coast of the Republic of Korea using the automatic identification system data set. This study used the Louvain model, a community detection technique for complex networks, and functional data analysis (FDA). The results of the Louvain model showed that the port network of the Republic of Korea has a hub-and-spoke structure in which ports that are close to each other are regionally clustered around the main ports in the community. The FDA results showed seasonal changes in port arrival volume and detection of abnormal ports in Korea's east-coast ports. The results of this study are expected to provide a baseline for policy makers to establish an effective MSP for port management, cost-effective route development, and prediction of the number of operations.
Laser multibeam differential interferometric sensor for acoustic detection of buried objects

Abstract. A laser multibeam differential interferometric sensor (LAMBDIS) was developed that provides measurement of vibration fields of objects with high sensitivity, while having low sensitivity to the whole-body motion of the object, or the sensor itself. The principle of operation of the LAMBDIS is based on the interference of light reflected from different points on the object surface illuminated with a linear array of laser beams. The Doppler shift induced by the sensor motion is approximately the same for all beams and is automatically subtracted from the measurements. The performance of the sensor for laser-acoustic detection of a buried object was experimentally investigated. The ability of LAMBDIS to detect buried objects from a moving vehicle has been demonstrated in field experiments.
Response of Natural Regeneration of Pinus massoniana and Quercus variabilis Mixed Forest to Thinning Intensity and Environmental Factors

Abstract: Based on target tree management, the effects of different thinning intensities and environmental factors on the natural regeneration of a Pinus massoniana and Quercus variabilis mixed forest were explored in order to provide a theoretical basis for the natural regeneration and sustainable forest management of P. massoniana and Quercus L. mixed forests. Taking the mixed forest after thinning as the research object, three average thinning intensities of WT (7.6%) for weak thinning, LT (15.3%) for light thinning, and MT (24.3%) for moderate thinning were carried out in 5 m×5 m quadrats with 7–10 replicates for each intensity level and 3 replicates for the control. Three years after the thinning, the amount of natural regeneration, growth height, regeneration density, diversity of regenerated tree species and their influencing factors at different thinning intensities were measured and analyzed. The results indicated four main features of the subsequent regeneration. (1) There were 32 species of vascular plants in the 28 quadrats 3 years after thinning, belonging to 22 families and 30 genera, and the dominant species for regeneration were arbor species. The number of regeneration species increased with increasing thinning intensity. (2) As thinning intensity increased, the number of natural regeneration plants between various height classes rose; so, the increased thinning intensity promoted the density of different height classes during regeneration. (3) As thinning intensity increased, so did species abundance S and species evenness. The degree and intrinsic diversity increased, while the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices showed no discernible trends. (4) Slope, aspect, and slope position, as well as thinning intensity, all had significant impacts on species richness, species evenness, and regeneration density. MT has the most appropriate promoting effect on natural regeneration and species diversity, so increased thinning intensity can promote natural regeneration and species diversity in the P. massoniana and Q. variabilis mixed forest. In addition, aspect and slope position can increase the species richness S and diversity of natural regeneration, whereas slope has a clear inhibitory effect on the species richness S and diversity during natural regeneration.
A contribution to the free-stream turbulence effect on the flow past a circular cylinder

The effect of the free-stream turbulence on the flow past a circular cylinder was studied experimentally in the subcritical and critical regimes. Several grids were used to produce approximately homogeneous turbulent fields with longitudinal integral scales ranging from 0·30 to 3·65 cylinder diameters and with the longitudinal intensities ranging from 1·4 to 18·5%. The critical Reynolds number Rc at which the time-mean drag coefficient obtains the value of 0·8 was found to satisfy the relation Rc1·34 T = 1·98 × 105, where T is the Taylor number defined in terms of the longitudinal integral scale. The time-mean drag coefficient, the base-pressure coefficient and the spanwise correlation length of the surface-pressure fluctuations in the vicinity of the separation point were fairly well correlated with the parameter R1·34T, R being the Reynolds number. It was argued that the parameter R1·34T will control some aspects of the flow past a circular cylinder immersed in turbulent streams.
The respect pyramid: A model of respect based on lay knowledge in two cultures

Respect is a common social concept, yet how lay people define it has not been thoroughly investigated. This study used a grounded theory approach, using in-depth interviews, to conceptualize respect according to lay knowledge. 40 participants from two cultures in the Middle East—20 Jewish Israelis and 20 Palestinians—reported how they define respect (Kavod in Hebrew and Ihtiram in Arabic). The findings define respect as a complex, multidimensional concept. Based on the findings, a respect pyramid model was developed, which includes four dimensions: avoiding disrespect, deserved/normative respect, conditional respect, and considerate respect. Each dimension indicates an increase in aspects that make the respect less conditional and more intrinsic, while requiring higher sensitivity and greater effort. The implications of the respect pyramid for relationships and the cultural differences regarding definitions of respect are discussed.