Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Control

There is a growing interest in device-control systems that can interpret human natural language instructions and execute them on a digital device by directly controlling its user interface. We present a dataset for device-control research, Android in the Wild (AITW), which is orders of magnitude larger than current datasets. The dataset contains human demonstrations of device interactions, including the screens and actions, and corresponding natural language instructions. It consists of 715k episodes spanning 30k unique instructions, four versions of Android (v10-13),and eight device types (Pixel 2 XL to Pixel 6) with varying screen resolutions. It contains multi-step tasks that require semantic understanding of language and visual context. This dataset poses a new challenge: actions available through the user interface must be inferred from their visual appearance. And, instead of simple UI element-based actions, the action space consists of precise gestures (e.g., horizontal scrolls to operate carousel widgets). We organize our dataset to encourage robustness analysis of device-control systems, i.e., how well a system performs in the presence of new task descriptions, new applications, or new platform versions. We develop two agents and report performance across the dataset. The dataset is available at https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/android_in_the_wild.
Online calibration scheme for training restricted Boltzmann machines with quantum annealing

We propose a scheme for calibrating the D-Wave quantum annealer's internal parameters to obtain well-approximated samples to train a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM). Empirically, samples from the quantum annealer obey the Boltzmann distribution, making them suitable for RBM training. However, it is hard to obtain appropriate samples without compensation. Existing research often estimates internal parameters, such as the inverse temperature, for compensation. Our scheme utilizes samples for RBM training to estimate the internal parameters, enabling it to train a model simultaneously. Furthermore, we consider additional parameters beyond inverse temperature and demonstrate that they contribute to improving sample quality. We evaluate the performance of our scheme by comparing the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the obtained samples with classical Gibbs sampling. Our results indicate that our proposed scheme demonstrates performance on par with Gibbs sampling. In addition, the training results with our estimation scheme are better than those of the Contrastive Divergence algorithm, known as a standard training algorithm for RBM.
Abundances in the Local Region. III. Southern F, G, and K Dwarfs

Stellar parameters and abundances have been derived from a sample of 907 F, G, and K dwarfs. The high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra utilized were acquired with the HARPS spectrograph of the European Southern Observatory. The stars in the sample with −0.2 < [Fe/H] < +0.2 have abundances that strongly resemble that of the Sun, except for the lithium content and the lanthanides. Near the solar temperature, stars show two orders of magnitude range in lithium content. The average content of stars in the local region appears to be enhanced at about the +0.1 level relative to the Sun for the lanthanides. There are over 100 planet hosts in this sample, and there is no discernible difference between them and the non-hosts regarding their lithium content.
What does it mean to be a responsible AI practitioner: An ontology of roles and skills

With the growing need to regulate AI systems across a wide variety of application domains, a new set of occupations has emerged in the industry. The so-called responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) practitioners or AI ethicists are generally tasked with interpreting and operationalizing best practices for ethical and safe design of AI systems. Due to the nascent nature of these roles, however, it is unclear to future employers and aspiring AI ethicists what specific function these roles serve and what skills are necessary to serve the functions. Without clarity on these, we cannot train future AI ethicists with meaningful learning objectives. In this work, we examine what responsible AI practitioners do in the industry and what skills they employ on the job. We propose an ontology of existing roles alongside skills and competencies that serve each role. We created this ontology by examining the job postings for such roles over a two-year period (2020-2022) and conducting expert interviews with fourteen individuals who currently hold such a role in the industry. Our ontology contributes to business leaders looking to build responsible AI teams and provides educators with a set of competencies that an AI ethics curriculum can prioritize.
Scalar phenomenology in warped and composite models

The hierarchy problem constitutes one of the main theoretical motivations for physics beyond the Standard Model. One well-motivated solution is to assume that the Higgs arises as a bound state of some new strong dynamics, cutting off its sensitivity to physics above the compositeness scale. An alternative possibility is to posit the existence of a warped extra dimension. These two seemingly different scenarios are in fact linked through the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this thesis we explore aspects of such models from both the 4D and 5D viewpoints, with a particular focus on the pseudo-Nambu Goldstone bosons (pNGBs), which are likely the lightest new states. In Chapter 1 we review the motivation for physics beyond the Standard Model from both experimental observations and theoretical considerations. We then provide a review of models which seek to address the hierarchy problem using warped extra dimensions or a composite, pNGB Higgs boson in Chapter 2. We discuss the generic features of these models and their relationship through the AdS/CFT correspondence, as well as the current bounds provided by experiment. In Chapter 3 we consider the linear dilaton model, which features a warped metric and a large interbrane distance. We utilise a Goldberger-Wise type mechanism to stabilise the extra dimension and investigate the resulting scalar spectrum. We study the phenomenology of the lightest mode, the radion, in detail and explore the constraints from LHC searches on the parameter space. We investigate the consequences of radion/dilaton-Higgs mixing in Chapter 4. In the context of the Randall-Sundrum model with a bulk Higgs, we show that both mass and kinetic mixing are generically expected. Furthermore, the radion phenomenology is significantly modified by moving the Higgs into the bulk. We use the 5D formalism to motivate the most general 4D effective Lagrangian describing the Higgs-radion system and investigate the constraints on the parameter space, as well as future search strategies. Conformal invariance is incompatible with spontaneous breaking, due to the presence of a quartic term in the dilaton potential. However a naturally light dilaton can be obtained via explicit breaking by a marginally relevant operator. In Chapter 5 we construct a gravitational dual of such a model using a soft-wall background. We consider an analytic bulk potential corresponding to a walking coupling in the UV and a fast transition to an order-one β-function in the IR. This provides a
Atomistic origins of pressure-induced changes in the O K -edge x-ray Raman scattering features of Si O 2 and MgSi O 3 polymorphs: Insights from ab initio calculations

Despite its fundamental importance in condensed matter physics and geophysical implications, establishing the systematic and direct link between the pressure-induced structural changes in crystalline and noncrystalline low-$z$ oxides and their corresponding evolution in O $K$-edge core-electron excitation features under extreme compression has been challenging. Here we calculated the site-resolved partial density of states and O $K$-edge x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectra for two of the important oxide phases in the Earth's lower mantle, $\mathrm{MgSi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ bridgmanite and post-bridgmanite, up to 120 GPa using ab initio calculations, revealing the electronic origins of the O $K$-edge features for oxides under compression. The absorption threshold $({E}_{A})$ and band gap increase linearly with a decrease in the O-O distance in diverse $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{MgSi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ high-pressure phases $[{E}_{A}(\mathrm{eV})\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}10.9{d}_{\text{O-O}}(\AA{})+34.4]$, providing a predictive relationship between the ${E}_{A}$ and the O-O distances in the oxide at high pressure. Despite densification, upon isobaric phase transition from bridgmanite to post-bridgmanite at 120 GPa, a decrease in band gap results in a decrease in edge energy because of an increase in O-O distance. The oxygen proximity is a useful structural proxy of oxide densification upon compression, as it explains the pressure-induced changes in O $K$-edge XRS features of crystalline and amorphous $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{MgSi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at high pressures. These results can be applied to studies of the pressure-bonding transitions in a wide range of oxides under extreme compression.
The mitochondrial genome of the pentastome parasite Raillietiella orientalis Hett, 1915 (Raillietiellida; Raillietiellidae) with notes on its phylogenetic position

Abstract In this study we sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive reptile parasite Raillietiella orientalis using Illumina DNA sequencing. The length of the mitogenome was 15,320 bp and had a GC content of 33.1%. The mitogenome contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes, the order of which was diagnostic of Pancrustacean mitogenomes. A phylogenetic tree constructed from the 13 protein-coding genes of R. orientalis and 26 other Pancrustacean mitogenomes supported the placement of R. orientalis as part of the monophyletic subclass Pentastomida within the Maxillopoda and sister to the subclass Branchiura.
Relaxed stability conditions for polynomial-fuzzy-model-based control system with membership function information

This study presents a new approach for stability analysis of polynomial-fuzzy-model-based (PFMB) control system using membership function information. For the purpose of extracting the regional information of the membership functions, the operating domain is partitioned into several sub-domains. In each sub-domain, the boundaries of every single membership function overlap term and the numerical relation among all the membership function overlap terms are represented as a group of inequalities. Through the S-procedure, the regional membership function information is taken into account in the stability analysis to relax the stability conditions. The operating domain partition scheme naturally arises the motivation of constructing the PFMB control system with the sub-domain fuzzy controllers. Each polynomial fuzzy controller works in its corresponding sub-domain such that the compensation capability of controller is enhanced. The sum-of-squares (SOS) approach is proposed to obtain the stability conditions of the PFMB control system using the Lyapunov stability theory. The PFMB control system studied in this study has the feature that the number of fuzzy rules and the membership function shapes of the polynomial fuzzy controller can be designed independently from the polynomial fuzzy model. To verify the stability analysis result, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Investigation of nanodiamonds interactions in canine blood

The whole blood contains red cells, white cells, and platelets suspended in plasma. In the following study we investigated an impact of nanodiamond particles on blood elements over various periods of time.The material used in the study consisted of samples taken from ten healthy canines (Canis lupus f. domestica) of various age, different blood types and both sexes. The markings were conducted by adding to the blood unmodified diamonds (SND), modified O2 (SO2) suspended in 0,9% NaCl. The blood was put under an impact of two diamond concentrations: 20μl and 100μl. The amount of abnormal cells increased with time. The percentage of echinocytes as a result of interaction with nanodiamonds in various time periods for individual specimens was scarce. In the examined microscopic image a summary was made for 100 white blood cells. Following cells were included in said group: band neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes with granulates, stimulated lymphocytes, lymphocytes with vacuoles, metamielocytes and smudge cells. The impact of the three diamond types had no clinical importance on red blood cells. After the diamonds mixed with white blood cells, atypical cells came into being, in the range of agranulocytes in stimulated form or with granulates and/or vacuoles. It is supposed that as a result of longlasting exposure a stimulation and vacuolisation takes place, because of the function of the cells.
SOME EXPRESSIONS FOR THE INVERSE INTEGRAL TRANSFORM VIA THE TRANSLATION THEOREM ON FUNCTION SPACE

In this paper, we analyze the necessary and sufficient condition introduced in [5]: that a functional F in L(Ca,b[0, T ]) has an integral transform Fγ,βF , also belonging to L (Ca,b[0, T ]). We then establish the inverse integral transforms of the functionals in L(Ca,b[0, T ]) and then examine various properties with respect to the inverse integral transforms via the translation theorem. Several possible outcomes are presented as remarks. Our approach is a new method to solve some difficulties with respect to the inverse integral transform.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on exercise habits and overweight status in Japan: A nation-wide panel survey

A catastrophic disaster may cause distant health impacts like immobility and obesity. The aim of this research was to analyse the association of the COVID-19 pandemic and lifestyle factors -exercise habit and overweight status in the Japanese population. Nation-wide online questionnaires were conducted five times from October 2020 to October 2021. The changes in exercise habit, body mass index (BMI) and overweight status (BMI >25kg/m2) were compared between the first questionnaire and a questionnaire conducted a year later. Risk factors for losing exercise habit or becoming overweight were analysed using multiple regression. Data were obtained from 16,642 participants. In the early phase of the pandemic, people with high income and elderly females showed a higher risk for decreased exercise days. The proportion of overweight status increased from 22.2% to 26.6% in males and from 9.3% to 10.8% in females. Middle-aged males, elderly females, and males who experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection were at higher risk of becoming overweight. Our findings suggest that risks for immobility and overweight are homogeneous. Continuous intervention for elderly females and long-term intervention for males infected with SARS-CoV-2 might be especially needed. As most disasters can cause similar social transformation, research and evaluation of immobility and obesity should address future disaster preparation/mitigation plans.
The Correspondence between Propositional Modal Logic with Axiom ϕ ↔ ♦ϕ and the Propositional Logic

The propositional modal logic is obtained by adding the ne- cessity operatorto the propositional logic. Each formula in the propo- sitional logic is equivalent to a formula in the disjunctive normal form. In order to obtain the correspondence between the propositional modal logic and the propositional logic, we add the axiom � ϕ ↔ ♦ϕ to K and get a new system K + . Each formula in such a logic is equivalent to a for- mula in the disjunctive normal form, wherek (k ≥ 0) only occurs before an atomic formula p ,a nd¬ only occurs before a pseudo-atomic formula of formk p. Maximally consistent sets of K + have a property holding in the propositional logic: a set of pseudo-atom-complete formulas uniquely determines a maximally consistent set. When a pseudo-atomic formula � k pi(k, i ≥ 0) is corresponding to a propositional variable qki, each for- mula in K + then can be corresponding to a formula in the propositional
Généralisation du modèle d’évaluation par la consommation

L’auteur generalise le modele d’evaluation par la consommation, dit CCAPM, et sa version dividende. On n’y exige plus que l’investisseur possede la meme fonction d’utilite, independante des etats de la nature et temporellement dissociable. En relâchant ces hypotheses, l’auteur obtient un modele qu’il estime plus descriptif du comportement des investisseurs et plus eprouvable empiriquement.
A Methodology for Estimating the Parameters in Three-Dimensional Cohesive Sediment Transport Models by Assimilating In Situ Observations with the Adjoint Method

AbstractThe model parameters in the suspended cohesive sediment transport model are quite important for the accurate simulation of suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs). Based on a three-dimensional cohesive sediment transport model and its adjoint model, the in situ observed SSCs at four stations are assimilated to simulate the SSCs and to estimate the parameters in Hangzhou Bay in China. Numerical experimental results show that the adjoint method can efficiently improve the simulation results, which can benefit the prediction of SSCs. The time series of the modeled SSCs present a clear semidiurnal variation, in which the maximal SSCs occur during the flood tide and near the high water level due to the large current speeds. Sensitivity experiments prove that the estimated results of the settling velocity and resuspension rate, especially the temporal variations, are robust to the model settings. The temporal variations of the estimated settling velocity are negatively correlated with the tidal elevati.
Multivariate Moments to Characterize Nuclear Recoil Track Directionality in Low-Pressure TPCs

The pursuit of understanding the mysterious dark matter is one of the challenges facing the modern physics community. There are compelling reasons to believe that the majority of our universe is of a form which does not interact electromagnetically or strongly, but does interact through the weak force and gravitationally. There have been, and are currently, many experiments designed to look for a sign of this ghostly matter. There has been a wealth of literature published on the possible nature of dark matter, and we have come a long way in placing limits on what its qualities must be. The physical evidence in the cosmos suggests that each galaxy is permeated by a spherical dark matter halo which, on average, contains about five times more matter than the stars and gas. While this concentration does vary from galaxy to galaxy, observations at the largest scales indicate that dark matter makes up 84% of the matter density in the universe, with the remaining 16% consisting of ordinary matter made of protons and neutrons. Furthermore, a combination of a body of theories, simulations, and physical measurements suggest that the dark matter is mostly cold, and interacts only very rarely with normal matter. Simulations of galaxy formation indicate that the dark matter halo is not corotating with the stars and gas in the galactic disk. This suggest that as the solar system moves through the galaxy, it passes through the cloud of dark matter, creating a “wind”-like effect observable from Earth. If observed, this wind would be very strong evidence of the dark matter’s existence. To look for it, we need to find a way to spot the very rare interactions between the dark matter and normal matter. To this end, the DRIFT (Directional Recoil Information From Tracks) collaboration has developed a low pressure gas detector capable of tracking the recoils of gas nuclei which are struck by the dark matter particles in the theorized wind. However, because of the very low predicted interaction rate of the dark matter, and the number of more physically familiar ways that gas particles may be caused to recoil, it is of utmost importance that we are able to determine in which direction the gas particles are recoiling with very high confidence. In this thesis we present a new algorithm for determining the direction of nuclear recoil tracks taken in CCD images from a prototype dark matter detector. We compare the new algorithm
Gas flow regimes judgement in nanoporous media by digital core analysis

Abstract A method to judge shale gas flow regimes based on digital core analysis is proposed in this work. Firstly, three-dimensional shale digital cores in an anonymous shale formation in the Sichuan Basin are reconstructed by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm based on two-dimensional Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. Then a voxel-based method is proposed to calculate the characteristic length of the three-dimensional shale digital core. The Knudsen number for three-dimensional shale digital cores is calculated by the ratio of the molecular mean free path to the characteristic length and is used to judge the flow regimes under different reservoir conditions. The results indicate that shale gas flow regimes are mainly located at the slip flow and transition flow region. Furthermore, adsorption has no obvious influence on the free gas flow regimes. Because adsorption only exists in organic pores, three-dimensional inorganic pores and organic pores in the Haynesville shale formation are reconstructed by a MCMC algorithm based on two-dimensional SEM images. The characteristic lengths of the three-dimensional inorganic pores and three-dimensional organic pores are both calculated and gas flow regimes in organic pores and inorganic pores are judged.
Loss of polarity regulators initiates gasdermin-E-mediated pyroptosis in syncytiotrophoblasts

Disruption of atypical protein kinase-C isoforms leads to the initiation of pyroptosis, a form of programmed necrosis, in placental syncytiotrophoblasts at the human maternal–fetal interface. The syncytiotrophoblast is a human epithelial cell that is bathed in maternal blood on the maternal-facing surface of the human placenta. It therefore acts as a barrier and exchange interface between the mother and fetus. Syncytiotrophoblast dysfunction is a feature of pregnancy pathologies, like preeclampsia. Dysfunctional syncytiotrophoblasts display a loss of microvilli, which is a marker of aberrant apical–basal polarization, but little data exist about the regulation of syncytiotrophoblast polarity. Atypical PKC isoforms are conserved polarity regulators. Thus, we hypothesized that aPKC isoforms regulate syncytiotrophoblast polarity. Using human placental explant culture and primary trophoblasts, we found that loss of aPKC activity or expression induces syncytiotrophoblast gasdermin-E-dependent pyroptosis, a form of programmed necrosis. We also establish that TNF-α induces an isoform-specific decrease in aPKC expression and gasdermin-E-dependent pyroptosis. Therefore, aPKCs are homeostatic regulators of the syncytiotrophoblast function and a pathogenically relevant pro-inflammatory cytokine leads to the induction of programmed necrosis at the maternal–fetal interface. Hence, our results have important implications for the pathobiology of placental disorders like preeclampsia.