Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Wireless Powered Communication Networks With Truncated Cluster Point Process

Wireless powered communication network (WPCN) can prolong the lifetime of energy constrained wireless networks in a sustainable way without replacing or recharging the batteries. A popular approach for analyzing stochastic WPCN is to model the location of different nodes according to a homogeneous Poisson point process. However, it is more reasonable to place user equipments (UEs) around a power beacon considering the inefficiency and difficulty of wireless energy transfer. This motivates us to model the location of UEs as a cluster point process (CPP). With practical transmission range considered, the truncated Matern CPP and Thomas CPP are proposed. The performances of coverage probability and the average received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio are derived. Then, we optimize the time allocation fraction to maximize the average network throughput by pseudo-convexity optimization, and the closed-form optimal results are presented.
Ecotourists’ Motivation and Revisit Intention: A Case Study of Restored Ecological Parks in South Korea

This study is designed to use functional theory to identify ecotourists' motivations in relation to their intention to revisit restored ecological parks. The sample was obtained from individuals who visited the Jeju Ollegil, which was once left barren and hampered farmers from accessing their farms. The results demonstrate that functional theory in the context of ecotourism is valid, indicating that ecotourists' intentions to revisit restored ecological parks are influenced by a variety of motivating functions. Additionally, ecotourists' travel preferences and perceptions of restoration are determined, and tourism marketing implications are discussed.
Efficient translation of mRNAs in influenza A virus-infected cells is independent of the viral 5' untranslated region.

We test the hypothesis that the translation machinery in cells infected by influenza A virus efficiently translates only mRNAs that possess the influenza viral 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) by introducing mRNAs directly into the cytoplasm of infected cells. This strategy avoids effects due to the inhibition of the nuclear export of cellular mRNAs mediated by the viral NS1 protein. In one approach, we transfect in vitro synthesized mRNAs into infected cells and demonstrate that these mRNAs are efficiently translated whether or not they possess the influenza viral 5'-UTR. In the second approach, an mRNA is synthesized endogenously in the cytoplasm of influenza A virus infected cells by a constitutively expressed T7 RNA polymerase. Although this mRNA is uncapped and lacks the influenza viral 5'-UTR sequence, it is efficiently translated in infected cells via an internal ribosome entry site. We conclude that the translation machinery in influenza A virus infected cells is capable of efficiently translating all mRNAs and that the switch from cellular to virus-specific protein synthesis that occurs during infection results from other processes.
Accounting for the ravages of war: Corporate reporting at a troubled American railroad during the Civil War

From 1861 to 1865, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad suffered cruelly from Civil War actions along its entire length. The railroad’s annual reports from this era left a chronicle of the destructive nature of war and its effect on the economic fortunes of the business. These reports show the resilience of the company for its ability to both plan for and cope with the depredations inflicted by the war. They also provide an excellent look at the procedures developed by the railroad to account for the extraordinary business situations brought on by the physical and economic losses of war. These inventive procedures maintained the institutional integrity of the railroad and eventually would be the foundation for some modern accounting procedures for troubled companies.
Exploring the effectiveness of outsourcing recruiting and training activities, and the prospector strategy's moderating effect

This study examines the relationships between the decisions to outsource the company's recruiting and training activities and the effectiveness of these decisions. This study also argues that the decisions in outsourcing human resource management activities should align with the company's strategy. Collecting data with time lag from multiple respondents in 125 representative Taiwanese firms, we find that outsourcing recruiting is positively related to line managers' perceived human resource function effectiveness. However, we fail to find any relationship between outsourcing training and human resource effectiveness. The prospector strategy is also found to positively moderate the relationship between outsourcing recruiting and human resource effectiveness. However, the prospector strategy does not significantly moderate the relationship between outsourcing training and human resource effectiveness. Possible reasons for our findings are discussed.
The Variegated Mutants Lacking Chloroplastic FtsHs Are Defective in D1 Degradation and Accumulate Reactive Oxygen Species1[W][OA]

In the photosynthetic apparatus, a major target of photodamage is the D1 reaction center protein of photosystem II (PSII). Photosynthetic organisms have developed a PSII repair cycle in which photodamaged D1 is selectively degraded. A thylakoid membrane-bound metalloprotease, FtsH, was shown to play a critical role in this process. Here, the effect of FtsHs in D1 degradation was investigated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking FtsH2 (yellow variegated2 [var2]) or FtsH5 (var1). Because these mutants are characterized by variegated leaves that sometimes complicate biochemical studies, we employed another mutation, fu-gaeri1 (fug1), that suppresses leaf variegation in var1 and var2 to examine D1 degradation. Two-dimensional blue native PAGE showed that var2 has less PSII supercomplex and more PSII intermediate lacking CP43, termed RC47, than the wild type under normal growth light. Moreover, our histochemical and quantitative analyses revealed that chloroplasts in var2 accumulate significant levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate that the lack of FtsH2 leads to impaired D1 degradation at the step of RC47 formation in PSII repair and to photooxidative stress even under nonphotoinhibitory conditions. Our in vivo D1 degradation assays, carried out by nonvariegated var2 fug1 and var1 fug1 leaves, demonstrated that D1 degradation was impaired in different light conditions. Taken together, our results suggest the important role of chloroplastic FtsHs, which was not precisely examined in vivo. Attenuated D1 degradation in the nonvariegated mutants also suggests that leaf variegation seems to be independent of the PSII repair.
Tests for stationarity of a time series: update

dfgls did not handle missing initial values properly. That is, if the time series variable specified had initial values not excluded byif or in conditions, those values were improperly considered in the construction of the sample size. This would apply as well to the consideration of variables with time series operators, such as D.gdp, since those variables will have at least one missing observation at the outset. This has been corrected.
Exploring Access and Equity in Higher Education: Policy and Performance in a Comparative Perspective

A comparative analysis of how access and equity are defined and how policies have evolved reveals a number of commonalities and differences between countries. The overall trend is a movement from the priority given to ‘inherited merit’ in the admission process through a commitment to formal equality, towards the application of some modes of affirmative action for selected under-represented groups. This overall convergence, which is accompanied by a growing appreciation of the complexity of social identities, is complemented by significant national specificity in respect of the social categories which are used to define social diversity. In the absence of appropriate comparative measures of participation a Higher Education Participation Index is developed to facilitate cross-country comparisons. A review of current attempts to measure equity in access to higher education points to the need to develop a programme of comparative research which focuses on the social characteristics of students who are currently enrolled in higher education.
HST1, a new member of the SIR2 family of genes

A novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, HST1, was identified from among anonymous cDNAs and the complete corresponding genomic clone was isolated and sequenced. HST1 is very closely related to SIR2, showing 71% sequence identity over 84% of its length. Polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers on S. cerevisiae DNA identified three additional SIR2‐related genes designated HST2, HST3 and HST4. The sequences of HST2, HST3 and HST4 correspond to sequences previously released by the S. cerevisiae genome sequencing project as U33335, NCBI gi:965078; X87331, NCBI gi:829135; and Z48784, YD9346.03, respectively. Disruption of HST1 has shown no phenotype with respect to mechanisms in which SIR2 has a role, namely, regional silencing of HMLα, or in rDNA recombination. The sequence of HST1 has been deposited in the DDBJ, EMBL and GenBank at NCBI database under Accession Number L47120.
The Unified Medical Language System : an epistemological perspective

This thesis analyzes the Unified Medical Language System, a unique project of biomedical vocabulary integration developed by the National Library of Medicine, U.S., and evaluates it from the perspective of theories of concepts implied by the main epistemological positions. The view of meaning represented in the metathesaurus, the main component of the system, is analyzed and compared with the representation of meaning provided by the source vocabularies. Finally, the theoretical principles upon which the UMLS is developed are analyzed and system is evaluated from the epistemological perspective, especially from the perspective of theories of concepts related to historicism and pragmatism.
Privatisation - A history and survey of changes in organisation structures, cultural and environmental profiles

This paper provides a brief history of changes after privatisation to organisational structures and cultural profiles of affected entities. It assesses the experience of change in the electricity industry in New Zealand, the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories and the State Electricity Commission of Victoria and then examines results of a survey of senior executives of organisations privatised in Australia between 1990 and 1998. These senior executives had access to knowledge of pre- and post-privatisation conditions and their answers to a series of questions on organisational structure, cultural and environmental issues were analysed. The detailed answers involve limited areas of 'no change' but, critically, significant cultural changes relating to private ownership are established. These are summarised for readers' convenience by tables and discussed within the text.
Foreign Capital Inflow, Skilled-Unskilled Wage Inequality and Unemployment of Unskilled Labour in a Fair Wage Model

This paper has developed a three-sector general equilibrium framework that explains unemployment of both skilled and unskilled labour. Unemployment of unskilled labour is of the Harris-Todaro (1970) type while unemployment of skilled labour is caused due to the validity of the FWH in the high-skill sector. There are two types of capital one of which is specific to the primary export sector while the other moves freely among the different sectors. Inflows of foreign capital of either type unambiguously improve the economic conditions of the unskilled working class. However, the effects on the skilled-unskilled wage inequality and the extent of unemployment of both types of labour crucially hinge on the properties implied by the efficiency function of the skilled workers.
Regional Development and Land Use Planning in Rural British Columbia: Peace in the Woods?

Vancouvers rapid expansion over the past decade has masked British Columbias (BCs) continued dependence on exports of its natural resource based industries, such as forestry, hydro-electric power, mining and hydrocarbons. These still account for 77% of provincial exports, compared to an average of 24% for Canada as a whole. Wood products alone contribute more than half of total provincial exports. BCs share of the world market for coniferous lumber products rose from 22% in 1970 to 32% in 1994, and it provided 49% of total US lumber imports in 1997.
Persistence of Informality in a Developing Country

Informality is a common phenomenon in developing countries and an unusual one in industrialized countries. The persistence of informal employment is indicative of the impossibility of moving out of this status for a certain period of time. Using pseudo panel data, empirical evidence is presented to show that this phenomenon occurs in a developing country like Colombia where education helps mitigate said persistent occurrence. The authors also present evidence that a minimum salary increase does not only result in increased informality, but also increases the persistence of informality. This kind of evidence can be used for discussing the persistence of informality in other developing countries.
Asymmetry in Okun's Law

In this paper we support the proposition that the output-unemployment relationship as represented by Okun's law is asymmetric. Okun's coefficients are defined based on a dynamic model that allows for asymmetry in the relationship between cyclical output and unemployment. Using data from the United States for the post-war period, our results show that the short-run effects of positive cyclical output on cyclical unemployment are quantitatively different from those of negative ones, and the data are consistent with the proposition that cyclical unemployment is more sensitive to negative than to positive cyclical output. Several theoretical explanations of asymmetry rationalize the findings.
ApoE-Dependent Modulation of HDL and Atherosclerosis by G2A in LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice Independent of Bone Marrow–Derived Cells

Objective—Deletion of the lysophospholipid-sensitive receptor, G2A, in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR−/−) mice elevates plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and suppresses atherosclerosis. However, chemotactic action of G2A in monocytes/macrophages, in addition to its modulatory effect on HDL, may contribute to the proatherogenic action of G2A. Methods and Results—We determined that deletion of G2A in LDLR−/− mice increases the ApoA1, ApoE, and cholesterol content of plasma HDL fractions. Hepatocytes were shown to express G2A and hepatocytes from G2A-deficient LDLR−/− mice secreted more ApoA1 and ApoE in HDL fractions compared to their G2A-sufficient counterparts. The atheroprotective and HDL modulatory effects of G2A deficiency were dependent on the presence of ApoE, as deletion of G2A in ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−LDLR−/− mice failed to raise HDL and did not suppress atherosclerosis. G2A deficiency in bone marrow–derived cells of LDLR−/− mice had no effect on atherosclerosis or HDL, whereas G2A deficiency in resident tissues was sufficient to raise HDL and suppress atherosclerosis. Conclusion—These data demonstrate that the chemotactic function of G2A in bone marrow–derived monocytes does not modulate atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice and suggest an ApoE-dependent function for G2A in the control of hepatic HDL metabolism that might contribute to its proatherogenic action.
Clusters of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation: formation of short DNA fragments. II. Experimental detection.

The basic 30-nm chromatin fiber in the mammalian cell consists of an unknown (possibly helical) arrangement of nucleosomes, with about 1.2 kb of DNA per 10-nm length of fiber. Track-structure considerations suggest that interactions of single delta rays or high-LET particles with the chromatin fiber might result in the formation of multiple lesions spread over a few kilobases of DNA (see the accompanying paper: W.R. Holley and A. Chatterjee, Radiat. Res. 145, 188-199, 1996). In particular, multiple DNA double-strand breaks and single-strand breaks may form. To test this experimentally, primary human fibroblasts were labeled with [3H]thymidine and exposed at 0 degrees C to X rays or accelerated nitrogen or iron ions in the LET range of 97-440 keV/microns. DNA was isolated inside agarose plugs and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis under conditions that allowed good separation of 0.1-2 kb size DNA. The bulk of DNA remained in the well or migrated only a small distance into the gel. It was found that DNA fragments in the expected size range were formed linearly with dose with an efficiency that increased with LET. A comparison of the yield of such fragments with the yield of total DNA double-strand breaks suggests that for the high-LET ions a substantial proportion (20-90%) of DNA double-strand breaks are accompanied within 0.1-2 kb by at least one additional DNA double-strand break. It is shown that these results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations based on treating the 30-nm chromatin fiber as the target for ionizing particles. Theoretical considerations also predict that the clusters will contain numerous single-strand breaks and base damages. It is proposed that such clusters be designated "regionally multiply damaged sites. " Postirradiation incubation at 37 degrees C resulted in a decline in the number of short DNA fragments, suggesting a repair activity. The biological significance of regionally multiply damaged sites is presently unknown.
The effects of improvement in public transportation capacity on residential price gradient in Hong Kong

Modernization of a railway line connecting the urban and sub‐urban areas will normally result in a shift of the population from urban to suburban areas. This will affect the price gradient of residential prices of two connected stations on the railway line. The actual effect cannot be theoretically deduced. Results of empirical studies in the past are not conclusive. Lack of good quality data is one of the many reasons. This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of this issue by a case study in Hong Kong. The KCR (Kowloon‐Canton Railway) runs from the CBD of Hong Kong to its sub‐urban area. Since August 1982, the trains have been powered by electricity instead of diesel. The modernization of the KCR has greatly improved its speed and capacity and has contributed to major improvement in public transportation between the urban and suburban areas. To assess the effects of this change, the price gradient of residential units between an urban and a sub‐urban station will be estimated from transaction records of properties in these two chosen locations on the railway line. Price influencing effects are controlled either by including them in the model, restricted sampling or other adjustment techniques. This method allows the net change in the price gradient before and after the improvement to be assessed. The results strongly suggest that improvement in public transportation have a negative effect on the price gradient along the railway line.
The Csaw C Mutation Tool: Initial Results

There is a perceived lack of mutation tools for the C language and information about the tools that are available was not widely disseminated until recently. This has lead to the development of a small set of programs to support the use of mutation on C language programs as part of a research effort into the use of automatically generated test sets. This paper describes a lightweight C language mutation tool and some initial results from its application to sorting algorithms. The paper describes how kill rates could be improved using a different encoding for Boolean values and details how the use of CPU time can be used as an additional means of detecting mutants.
Corporate Growth Convergence in Europe

It is widely believed that the implementation of the Single Market Programme in 1992 has had an impact on national markets in Europe, and some people have argued that it has induced a convergence in industrial structures across countries. Using a newly available database, however, covering nearly every firm above 100 employees in 14 European countries over the time period 1994 to 1998, we do not find strong evidence for ‘convergence’ in manufacturing in Europe. ‘Full’ convergence in corporate sizes within industries is unambiguously rejected by the data, although there may be some industries where some form of conditional convergence is observed. A Gibrat process best describes the growth of very large and mature firms; but smaller and younger firms depart from this prediction. While we can identify significant correlates of growth such as firm size, age or the internal organization of the firm, most of the variation in corporate growth remains unpredictable.
On the automatic training of phonetic units for word recognition

In this correspondence, we present some preliminary results on using phonetic subword units in word recognition as compared to whole word templates. The phonetic subword units are specified as either phonelike units with and without temporal structure or as diphonelike units. The determination of these subword units requires segmentation, labeling, and parameter estimation at the same time, and is performed by an iterative two-stage algorithm consisting of nonlinear time alignment and parameter estimation. Experiments were carried out, using a connected digit recognition task, to study the usefulness of the subword unit representation and the effect on recognition performance of some versions of the subword specification. The best error rates for subword units are still, by a factor of 2 or more, larger than those for whole word templates.
Modeling Conditional Dependencies between Polish Financial Returns with Markov-Switching Copula Models [pdf]

The study of conditional dependence structures in equity markets has recently received considerable attention among both researchers and practitioners. It is of great importance, for instance, for controlling risks, optimal portfolio choice, or analyzing volatility transmission mechanism. In this context, the issue of particular interest is asymmetry in dependence structures. One of the most spectacular examples of asymmetric behavior in equity markets is a well documented phenomenon consisting in tendency of much stronger dependence between stock returns in crisis times than those of optimistic market times. Traditional multidimensional v latility models with elliptically distributed standardized innovations cannot reproduce such dependence structures. Moreover, outside the world of elliptical distributions, for example when dealing with conditional marginals belonging to different distribution families, the standard inference about dependence using the linear correlations may be quite misleading (Embrechts et al., 2002). Much of the limitations encountered with traditional approach to modeling conditional dependencies between equity returns can be overcome by using the concept of copula. This tool makes possible to construct multivariate distributions with arbitrary marginals, isolating the description of the dependence structure. Copulas can also be used to investigate tail behavior in joint conditional distributions and various kinds of asymmetry. In the conditional dependence modeling a dynamics of time-varying copula has to be specified. It can be done by means of the techniques introduced by Patton (2004,