Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cauchy problem for the generalized Benney-Luke equation

This paper is concerned with the study of the Cauchy problem associated with an n-dimensional generalized Benney-Luke equation, utt−mΔu−Δutt+Δ2u+α(2∇u∙∇ut+utΔu)+β∇(∣∇u∣p∇u)=0, where n=1,2,3,4. We prove the existence and the uniqueness of the global solution of the Cauchy problem for the β⩽0 case by using energy conservation law and give the existence and the nonexistence of the global solution of the Cauchy problem for the β>0 case by constructing the stable set and the unstable set.
Molecular detection of integrated reticuloendothelial virus genes in fowlpox virus field isolates and live vaccines of poultry

Two field isolates (FWPV-W1 and FWPV-W2) obtained from unvaccinated backyard poultry chickens and four commercial live vaccines (FWPV-G, FWPV-V, FWPV-B and FWPV-H) of fowlpox virus origin were isolated on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs. The CAM tissues infected with FWPV-W1, FWPVW2, FWPV-G, FWPV-V, FWPV-B and FWPV-H individually were subjected to DNA isolation. The isolated DNA was tested for the presence of P4b gene by PCR to confirm FWPV. Then, each of the field isolates and commercial vaccines were screened for presence of reticuloendothelial virus envelope (REV-env) gene and long terminal repeat (LTR) region by PCR. FWPV-W1 isolate was positive for REV-env gene (807 bp) and REV-LTR region (370 bp), which confirmed presence of near full-length REV integration in its genome. Whereas, FWPV-W2 isolate was positive for LTR region and negative for REV-env gene. This suggested that full-length REV is not present in all FWPV field isolates. All the four commercial live vaccines, were negative for REV-env gene. This showed that full-length REV is absent in these commercial vaccines, ensuring safety of the usage of these vaccines in India. However, the commercial vaccines were positive for REV-LTR region, which does not affect the vaccine safety.
Calibration of fiber Bragg gratings for optical sensing (FIBOS) for an aerospace application

Fiber Bragg grating Sensors, FBGs, have been widely used as optical sensors for structural health monitoring of different materials. They can be embedded in composite structures or attached on their surface to monitor the entire life cycle of the material or to measure different physical parameters. FIBOS contains two FBGs and will be used to measure temperature and strain during the aerospace mission OPTOS. OPTOS is a picosatellite, designed and manufactured by the Spanish Institute for Aerospace Technology, INTA that will be launched during the summer 2009. The main goal of the mission is to demonstrate the possibility of using some novel technologies for space applications inside a miniaturized space and with big restrictions in terms of mass and power consumption. The paper describes the different units that constitute the FIBOS payload: one tunable laser, two FBGs mounted onto one steel mechanical structure to monitor independently temperature and strain and the processing unit that include all the electronics to control and connect the payload with the DOT of the satellite. Calibration measurements at different temperatures inside a thermalvacuum chamber as well as FIBOS operation during the mission are also presented.
Storage Quality Variation of Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes) after Cold Plasma Treatment

Flammulina velutipes is susceptible to mechanical damage, water loss, microbial growth, and other factors that lead to postharvest deterioration, thereby shortening the storage period. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of cold plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of F. velutipes during storage at 4 °C for 21 days. Compared to the control group, cold plasma cold sterilization (CPCS) treatment (150 Hz, 95 kV for 150 s) effectively inhibited the growth and multiplication of microorganisms on the surface of F. velutipes, with no significant effect on the fresh weight change and the superoxide anion generation rate, but with a higher postharvest 1,1-dephenyl-2-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) clearance rate. Moreover, CPCS increased antioxidant enzyme activities, delayed both malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and vitamin C loss, inhibited the browning reaction and polyphenol oxidases (PPO) activity and protected F. velutipes cell membrane from disruption. In general, CPCS not only achieved bacteriostatic effects on F. velutipes during storage, but also reduced cell damage from free radical oxidation, resulting in better postharvest quality and longer shelf life.
In Silico Structural Analysis Predicting the Pathogenicity of PLP1 Mutations in Multiple Sclerosis

The X chromosome gene PLP1 encodes myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), the most prevalent protein in the myelin sheath surrounding the central nervous system. X-linked dysmyelinating disorders such as Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD) or spastic paraplegia type 2 (SPG2) are typically caused by point mutations in PLP1. Nevertheless, numerous case reports have shown individuals with PLP1 missense point mutations which also presented clinical symptoms and indications that were consistent with the diagnostic criteria of multiple sclerosis (MS), a disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord with no current cure. Computational structural biology methods were used to assess the impact of these mutations on the stability and flexibility of PLP structure in order to determine the role of PLP1 mutations in MS pathogenicity. The analysis showed that most of the variants can alter the functionality of the protein structure such as R137W variants which results in loss of helix and H140Y which alters the ordered protein interface. In silico genomic methods were also performed to predict the significance of these mutations associated with impairments in protein functionality and could suggest a better definition for therapeutic strategies and clinical application in MS patients.
Impact of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Polymorphism Rs9619311 on Biochemical Recurrence in Taiwanese Patients with Prostate Cancer

The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) are not only endogenous regulators of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but also induce apoptosis and inhibit endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship between TIMP3 genetic polymorphisms and biochemical recurrence and clinicopathological features of prostate cancer. The TIMP3 rs9619311, rs9862, and rs11547635 genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine their genotypic distributions in 579 patients with prostate cancer. This study found that individuals with the TIMP3 rs9619311 TC or TC + CC genotypes have a significantly higher risk of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (p = 0.036 and 0.033, respectively). Moreover, in the multivariate analysis, our results showed that pathologic Gleason grade, pathologic T stage, seminal vesicle invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and TIMP3 rs9619311 were associated with increased odds of biochemical recurrence. Patients with a PSA concentration under 7 ng/mL that were found to have the TIMP3 rs9619311 genetic polymorphism were associated with Gleason total score upgrade (p = 0.012) and grade group upgrade (p = 0.023). Compared with the CC homozygous, the TIMP3 rs9862 CT + TT polymorphic variant was found to be associated with clinically advanced tumor stage (p = 0.030) and Gleason total score upgrade (p = 0.002) in prostate cancer patients. In conclusion, the results of our study demonstrated that the TIMP3 rs9619311 genetic polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. TIMP3 genetic polymorphisms, especially rs9619311, can serve as key predictors of biochemical recurrence and disease prognosis of prostate cancer.
Patient outcomes in a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship: A systematic literature review

Patient–student relationships are at the heart of Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs). Outcomes for students and preceptors are beneficial, but patient outcomes remain unclear. This systematic literature review explored the current evidence base of patient outcomes in an LIC. Patient outcomes were defined as issues related to patient safety, clinical effectiveness or patient experience.
Phenylboronic Acid-Grafted Chitosan Nanocapsules for Effective Delivery and Controllable Release of Natural Antioxidants: Olive Oil and Hydroxytyrosol

Olives and virgin olive oil (VOO) are a staple of Mediterranean diets and are rich in several beneficial phenolic compounds, including hydroxytyrosol (HT). Therefore, VOO was extracted from Koroneiki olive fruits, and its volatile as well as phenolic components were identified. Meanwhile, in order to upgrade the pharmaceutical capabilities of VOO and HT, a new conjugate phenylboronic acid-chitosan nanoparticles (PBA-CSNPs, NF-1) was fabricated and applied as nanocapsules for implanting high loading and efficient delivery of VOO and HT nanoformulations (NF-2 and NF-3). Due to the H-bonding interactions and boronate ester formation between the hydroxyl groups of the phenolic content of VOO or HT and the PBA groups in the nanocapsules (NF-1), VOO and HT were successfully loaded into the PBA-CSNPs nanocapsules with high loading contents and encapsulation efficacies. The NF-2 and NF-3 nanoformulations demonstrated physicochemical stability, as revealed by their respective zeta potential values, and pH-triggered drug release characteristics. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the nascent nanocapsules were almost completely nontoxic to both healthy and cancer cells, whereas VOO-loaded (NF-2) and HT-loaded nanocapsules (NF-3) showed efficient anti-breast cancer efficiencies. In addition, the antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of VOO and HT were significantly improved after nanoencapsulation.
The 2-Oxoglutarate Carrier Is S-Nitrosylated in the Spinal Cord of G93A Mutant hSOD1 Mice Resulting in Disruption of Mitochondrial Glutathione Transport

Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant that exists as distinct cytosolic and mitochondrial pools. The status of the mitochondrial GSH pool is reliant on transport from the cytosol through the 2-oxoglutarate carrier (OGC), an inner membrane anion carrier. We have previously reported that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein, Bcl-2, directly binds GSH and is a key regulator of OGC-dependent mitochondrial GSH transport. Here, we show that G93A mutant SOD1 (Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase) reduces the binding of GSH to Bcl-2 and disrupts mitochondrial GSH uptake in vitro. In the G93A mutant hSOD1 mouse model of ALS, mitochondrial GSH is significantly depleted in spinal cord of end-stage mice. Finally, we show that OGC is heavily S-nitrosylated in the spinal cord of end-stage mice and consequently, the GSH uptake capacity of spinal cord mitochondria isolated from these mutant mice is significantly diminished. Collectively, these findings suggest that spinal cord GSH depletion, particularly at the level of the mitochondria, plays a significant role in ALS pathogenesis induced by mutant SOD1. Furthermore, the depletion of mitochondrial GSH in the G93A mutant hSOD1 mouse model may be caused by the S-nitrosylation of OGC and the capacity of mutant SOD1 to disrupt the Bcl-2/GSH interaction, resulting in a disruption of mitochondrial GSH transport.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Eupatorium fortunei: Genome Organization and Comparison with Related Species

Eupatorium fortunei Turcz, a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family, is one of the horticultural and medicinal plants used for curing various diseases and is widely distributed in China and other Asian countries. It possesses antibacterial, antimetastatic, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant properties along with anticancer potential. However, the intrageneric classification and phylogenetic relationships within Eupatorium have long been controversial due to the lack of high-resolution molecular markers, and the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequencing has not been reported with new evolutionary insights. In the present study, E. fortunei was used as an experimental material, and its genome was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology. We assembled the complete cp genome, and a systematic analysis was conducted for E. fortunei, acquiring the correspondence of its NCBI accession number (OK545755). The results showed that the cp genome of E. fortunei is a typical tetrad structure with a total length of 152,401 bp, and the genome encodes 133 genes. Analysis of the complete cp genomes of 20 Eupatorieae shows that the number of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) ranged from 19 to 36 while the number of long sequence repeats was 50 in all cases. Eleven highly divergent regions were identified and are potentially useful for the DNA barcoding of Eupatorieae. Phylogenetic analysis among 22 species based on protein-coding genes strongly supported that E. fortunei is more closely related to Praxelis clematidea and belongs to the same branch. The genome assembly and analysis of the cp genome of E. fortunei will facilitate the identification, taxonomy, and utilization of E. fortunei as well as provide more accurate evidence for the taxonomic identification and localization of Asteraceae plants.
Gene Expression of Aquaporins (AQPs) in Cumulus Oocytes Complex and Embryo of Cattle

Simple Summary Aquaporins are membrane channels that allow for the movement of water and solutes in cells. They have been reported to play crucial roles in mammalian early development and cryopreservation processes. However, there are few studies focused on the characterization of aquaporins in cumulus oocyte and embryo complexes of cattle. Moreover, no studies have been carried out on Brahman, Holstein, Gir and Romosinuano, important bovine breeds in milk and meat production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate their presence, transcript level and possible functions in the cumulus oocyte complex of the Brahman, Holstein, Gir and Romosinuano breeds and in embryos from five bovine crosses. Aquaporins 1–12 were found in both cumulus oocyte complexes and embryos, and we found possible parental effects on the expression of aquaporins 6 and 12b in cumulus oocyte complexes and aquaporins 4, 8 and 9 in embryos. This allows one to evidence possible functions in the early development of the Brahman, Holstein, Gir and Romosinuano bovine breeds. Abstract Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteins with various functions related to proper cell function and early development in mammals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of AQPs and determine their mRNA levels in the cumulus oocyte complex (COC) of four bovine breeds and in blastocysts of five bovine crosses. Grade I, II and III COCs were collected by ovum pick up from non-lactating heifers of the Brahaman, Holstein, Gir and Romosinuano breeds. Embryos were produced in vitro up to the blastocyst stage of the bovine ♀Gir × ♂Holstein, ♀Holstein × ♂Gir, ♀Brahman × ♂Holstein, ♀Holstein × ♂Brahman, and ♀Romosinuano × ♂Holstein crosses. mRNA expression of AQP1-AQP12b was estimated in COC and embryos by real-time-PCR. The presence of the twelve AQPs in the COCs and bovine embryos was established. Additionally, significant differences were determined in the expression of AQP6 and AQP12b in COCs, as well as in transcripts levels of AQP4, AQP8 and AQP9 from bovine embryos. Gene expression of AQPs in COCs and bovine embryos is consistent with the previously described biological functions. This is the first report of AQPs in COC of Gir, Brahman, Holstein and Romosinuano and embryos of five crossbreeds between Bos indicus and B. taurus.
Embeddings and immersions in Riemannian geometry

This article is a significantly expanded version of a paper read by one of the authors to the Moscow Mathematical Society [18]. It consists of two chapters and eleven appendices. The first chapter contains a survey of known results, as a rule with precise statements and references, but without full proofs. In the second chapter, the fundamental embedding theorems are set out in detail, among them some new results concerning a bound for the smallest dimension of a euclidean space in which any compact riemannian manifold of given dimension can be embedded, and also to the corresponding local problem. In Appendices 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9, proofs of miscellaneous propositions in the survey are given. Appendices 2 and 6 are needed for other appendices, but are interesting in their own right. In Appendix 10 a more general embedding problem is considered. Appendix 11 has a bearing on Chapter 2 and is of an analytic nature. We wish to thank I. Ya. Bakel'man, A. L. Verner, Yu. A. Volkov, S. P. Geisberg, V. L. Eidlin and Ya. M. Eliashberg for their help in the preparation of the article. We are especially grateful to Yu. D. Burago who at our request modified one of his inequalities to suit our requirements (Appendix 2).
Bayesian deconvolution as a method for the spectroscopy of X-rays with highly pixelated photon counting detectors

The energy deposition spectrum of highly pixelated photon-counting pixel detectors with a semiconductor sensor layer (e.g. silicon) differs significantly from the impinging X-ray spectrum. This is mainly due to Compton scattering, charge sharing, an energy-dependent sensor efficiency, fluorescence photons and back-scattered photons from detector parts. Therefore, the determination of the impinging X-ray spectrum from the measured distribution of the energy deposition in the detector is a non-trivial task. For the deconvolution of the measured distribution into the impinging spectrum, a set of monoenergetic response functions is needed. Those have been calculated with the Monte Carlo simulation framework ROSI, utilizing EGS4 and including all relevant physical processes in the sensor layer. We have investigated the uncertainties that spectrum reconstruction algorithms, like spectrum stripping, impose on reconstruction results. We can show that applying the Bayesian deconvolution method significantly improves the stability of the deconvolved spectrum. This results in a reduced minimum radiation flux needed for reconstruction. In this paper, we present our investigations and measurements on spectrum reconstruction for polychromatic X-ray spectra at low flux with a focus on Bayesian deconvolution.
Generation of Controlled Micrometric Fibers inside Printed Scaffolds Using Standard FDM 3D Printers

New additive manufacturing techniques, such as melting electro-writing (MEW) or near-field electrospinning (NFES), are now used to include microfibers inside 3D printed scaffolds as FDM printers present a limited resolution in the XY axis, not making it easy to go under 100 µm without dealing with nozzle troubles. This work studies the possibility of creating reproducible microscopic internal fibers inside scaffolds printed by standard 3D printing. For this purpose, novel algorithms generating deposition routines (G-code) based on primitive geometrical figures were created by python scripts, modifying basic deposition conditions such as temperature, speed, or material flow. To evaluate the influence of these printing conditions on the creation of internal patterns at the microscopic level, an optical analysis of the printed scaffolds was carried out using a digital microscope and subsequent image analysis with ImageJ software. To conclude, the formation of heterogeneously shaped microfilaments (48 ± 12 µm, mean ± S.D.) was achieved in a standard FDM 3D Printer with the strategies developed in this work, and it was found that the optimum conditions for obtaining such microfibers were high speeds and a reduced extrusion multiplier.
Nuclear Gas and Dust Disks in Nearby 3CR Elliptical Galaxies

Using WFPC2 V, R, I, and Hα+[N II] images, we examine the morphologies, environments, colors, and line emission of dust and gas disks located in the cores of seven low-redshift elliptical galaxies hosting 3C radio sources: NGC 383 (3C 31)/NGC 382, NGC 547 (3C 40), NGC 3862 (3C 264), NGC 4261 (3C 270), NGC 5532 (3C 296), NGC 7720 (3C 465)/NGC 7720A, and UGC 12064 (3C 449). The color maps are generally consistent with absorption by dust in flattened configurations viewed at intermediate inclinations. In most cases the disks are nonuniform in continuum light and are surrounded by arcs, filaments, and diffuse absorbing clumps, suggesting that the dust in the cores of these galaxies is not dynamically settled. Extended, clumpy or smooth Hα + [N II] line emission is detected in all four cases (NGC 383, NGC 3862, UGC 12064, and NGC 7720) for which narrowband images are available. Line emission is found at projected locations from the nuclei to the edges of the disks. The major axes of the disks and their hosts are preferentially aligned, with the degree of alignment uncorrelated with disk size. As projected on the sky, all the disks are more flattened than their host galaxies. Three of the hosts have boxy isophotes, and the remainder are normal in shape. The two boxiest galaxies, NGC 4261 and NGC 5532, show significant displacements between their nuclear and isophotal centers. The mass of the disk in NGC 4261 is estimated using radiative transfer calculations. Scattering into the line of sight is included in the approximation that the dust is isotropically illuminated by surrounding stars. The observed colors and surface brightness are shown to be matched by a thin layer of dust that lies in front of three-quarters (eastern edge) to one-quarter (western edge) of the starlight. When a Galactic opacity curve is used, the mass determined is an order of magnitude larger than that found assuming the dust lies in a foreground screen. The opacity falls more steeply toward the infrared than do those of Galactic and Magellanic Cloud grains, suggesting that the dust is not unprocessed material from a merger with a spiral or irregular galaxy.
Calibration and error analysis of a new magnetic sphere microrheometer

A magnetic microrheometer has been built, which can be used to study the rheological properties of materials that are available in small volumes and have distinct phases. The instrument performs creep tests (displacement in response to an imposed force), using magnetic microspheres of diameter 7 μm and larger. Displacement histories of the spheres are video‐recorded and analyzed, with high resolution, using computer vision methods. In this article, results are presented for the magnetic force calibration and for a test using a Newtonian fluid to evaluate the performance of the instrument. A comprehensive analysis of the different sources of error in measuring Newtonian fluid viscosities was performed, resulting in quantitative delineation of the accuracy and precision of the microrheometer.
A Variational Bayesian Approach for Estimating Parameters of a Mixture of Erlang Distribution

This article proposes a fast algorithm for estimating parameters of a mixture of Erlang (MER) distribution from empirical samples. In particular, we develop a variational approach for approximately computing posterior distributions of parameters of MER distribution in the Bayesian context. Computation speed of the proposed method becomes up to 200 times faster than that of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The estimates of proposed method are almost same as those of MCMC method. Moreover, we discuss how to estimate shape parameters of Erlang distribution based on a certain goodness-of-fit criterion in the proposed variational Bayes method.