Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study on Hydrodynamics of Submerged Permeable Breakwater under Impacts of Focused Wave Groups Using a Nonhydrostatic Wave Model

Extreme waves, called rogue waves or freak waves, usually occur unexpectedly and with very large wave heights. In recent years, extreme waves were reported not only in deep ocean waters but also in shallow waters, which threaten the safety and intactness of the coastal regions. To prevent the coastal infrastructures and communities from the devastating power of extreme surges and waves, many coastal defense structures were built along the coastline, i.e., submerged permeable breakwaters. However, the number of studies on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a submerged permeable breakwater under the impact of extreme waves is relatively few. In addition, wave focusing has been widely used to generate extreme waves in the past few decades. Hence, as a necessary supplement to the previous research work, the hydrodynamic performance of a submerged permeable breakwater under the impacts of focused wave groups was numerically studied by using a nonhydrostatic numerical wave model (NHWAVE). The influences of several main factors, such as the incident significant wave height, water depth, wave peak period, porosity of the breakwater (n), and the side slope angle of the breakwater, were considered. It is expected that the results of this study will further strengthen the research on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a submerged permeable breakwater under extreme wave conditions.
THE VAST POPULATION OF WOLF–RAYET AND RED SUPERGIANT STARS IN M101. I. MOTIVATION AND FIRST RESULTS

Assembling a catalog of at least 10,000 Wolf–Rayet (W-R) stars is an essential step in proving (or disproving) that these stars are the progenitors of Type Ib and Type Ic supernovae. To this end, we have used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to carry out a deep, He ii optical narrowband imaging survey of the ScI spiral galaxy M101. Almost the entire galaxy was imaged with the unprecedented depth and resolution that only the HST affords. Differenced with archival broadband images, the narrowband images allow us to detect much of the W-R star population of M101. We describe the extent of the survey and our images, as well as our data reduction procedures. A detailed broadband–narrowband imaging study of a field east of the center of M101, containing the giant star-forming region NGC 5462, demonstrates our completeness limits, how we find W-R candidates, their properties and spatial distribution, and how we rule out most contaminants. We use the broadband images to locate luminous red supergiant (RSG) candidates. The spatial distributions of the W-R and RSG stars near NGC 5462 are strikingly different. W-R stars dominate the complex core, while RSGs dominate the complex halo. Future papers in this series will describe and catalog more than a thousand W-R and RSG candidates that are detectable in our images, as well as spectra of many of those candidates.
Proximate Composition, Mineral Element Profile and Antioxidant Properties of the Edible Kenyan Mushroom, Auricularia polytricha

The indigenous Kenyan Auricularia polytricha is a known delicacy to the communities residing around Kakamega forest in Western Kenya. The objective of the present study was to carry out proximate analysis, determine selected mineral element levels and radical scavenging capacity of the fruiting bodies of Auricularia polytricha. Proximate analysis which included determination of total carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, ash and moisture contents was done according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. The minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pd, Cd) in the dried mushroom sample were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) while Na and K were determined by flame emission photometry. Phosphorus was estimated by spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity of the crude mushroom extracts was evaluated by measuring their scavenging capacity on the stable radical, DPPH (2,2- Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) using UV-Vi’s spectrophotometer at 517 nm. The mushroom was found to contain 64.53% total carbohydrates, 43.12% crude fibre, 11.67% crude proteins, 4.75% crude fat and 4.69% ash content on dry matter basis. The moisture content of the mushroom was found to be 80.33% of the fresh weight, which is typical of fresh foods and vegetables. A methanol extract of the mushroom exhibited antiradical activity against DPPH in a dose dependent manner with the highest radical scavenging capacity (40.84%) obtained at a concentration 500 µg/mL. For the mineral profile, the variations and concentrations of the essential and trace elements under study decreased in the order K˃Na˃Mg˃Ca˃Fe>P>Zn>Mn. The selected hazardous heavy metals Cd and Pb were not detected in the mushroom sample. Implications of the mineral concentrations on the nutritional value of the mushroom have been highlighted. In conclusion, the obtained results suggest that the mushroom, which has good amounts of the required proximate components, minerals and antiradical constituents, is a potentially healthy, safe and functional food.
AutoLens: automated modeling of a strong lens’s light, mass, and source

The intricate analysis of a strong gravitational lens is a complex and computationally demanding problem, requiring the lensed source galaxy's extended light profile to be reconstructed simultaneously with non-linear modeling of the lens galaxy's mass and light. When successful, this analysis gives unrivaled insight into dark matter, cosmology and the most distant Universe. However, such studies remain resigned to small samples, simply due to how long this involved analysis takes. To address this, this thesis presents AutoLens, the first automated framework for comprehensive modeling of a strong gravitational lens's light, mass and source. Reconstruction of the lensed source galaxy uses an adaptive pixel-grid, which is derived in a completely stochastic manner such that a unique pixelization is used for every source reconstruction. This removes biases inherent to pixelized methods associated with the discrete nature of the source-plane. Light profile fitting of the lens galaxy is fully integrated into AutoLens, making it the first method to successfully unify modeling of the lens's light, mass and source into one coherent framework. This allows the method to advocate decomposed mass modeling, which treats separately the lens galaxy's light and dark matter. AutoLens is therefore capable of addressing a diverse range of unique science cases, most notably its ability to determine the central density of a lens galaxy's dark matter halo. These features are incorporated into a fully-automated pipeline, such that the analysis requires no input from the user after an initial setup. This pipeline is tested using a suite of simulated strong lens images which span a variety of source morphologies, lens profiles and lensing geometries. Following the completion of AutoLens's development, the method is ready to analyze the hundreds of archival images of strong gravitational lenses that have been amassed over the past decade, and which are still yet to receive a comprehensive lens analysis. With of order one hundred thousand lenses set to be discovered in the next decade, AutoLens's automated philosophy will be paramount to making analysis of the incoming strong lens samples feasible.
Consistency with synchrotron emission in the bright GRB 160625B observed by Fermi

We present time resolved spectral analysis of prompt emission from GRB 160625B, one of the brightest bursts ever detected by Fermi in its nine years of operations. Standard empirical functions fail to provide an acceptable fit to the GBM spectral data, which instead require the addition of a low-energy break to the fitting function. We introduce a new fitting function, called 2SBPL, consisting of three smoothly connected power laws. Fitting this model to the data, the goodness of the fits significantly improves and the spectral parameters are well constrained. We also test a spectral model that combines non-thermal and thermal (black body) components, but find that the 2SBPL model is systematically favoured. The spectral evolution shows that the spectral break is located around $E_{\rm break}\sim$ 100 keV, while the usual $\nu F_{\nu}$ peak energy feature $E_{\rm peak}$ evolves in the 0.5-6 MeV energy range. The slopes below and above $E_{\rm break}$ are consistent with the values -0.67 and -1.5, respectively, expected from synchrotron emission produced by a relativistic electron population with a low energy cut-off. If $E_{\rm break}$ is interpreted as the synchrotron cooling frequency, the implied magnetic field in the emitting region is $\sim$ 10 Gauss, i.e. orders of magnitudes smaller than the value expected for a dissipation region located at $\sim 10^{13-14}$ cm from the central engine. The low ratio between $E_{\rm peak}$ and $E_{\rm break}$ implies that the radiative cooling is incomplete, contrary to what is expected in strongly magnetized and compact emitting regions.
First-principles supercell calculations of small polarons with proper account for long-range polarization effects

We present a density functional theory (DFT) based supercell approach for modeling small polarons with proper account for the long-range elastic response of the material. Our analysis of the supercell dependence of the polaron properties (e.g., atomic structure, binding energy, and the polaron level) reveals long-range electrostatic effects and the electron–phonon (el–ph) interaction as the two main contributors. We develop a correction scheme for DFT polaron calculations that significantly reduces the dependence of polaron properties on the DFT exchange-correlation functional and the size of the supercell in the limit of strong el–ph coupling. Using our correction approach, we present accurate all-electron full-potential DFT results for small polarons in rocksalt MgO and rutile TiO2.
Strong-coupling theory for the Hubbard model

We reanalyze the Hubbard-I approximation by showing that it is equivalent to an effective Hamiltonian describing Fermionic charge fluctuations, which can be solved by Bogoliubov transformation. As the most important correction in the limit of large U and weak spin correlations we augment this Hamiltonian by further effective particles, which describe composite objects of a Fermionic charge fluctuation and a spin-, density-, or $\ensuremath{\eta}$ excitation. The scheme is valid for positive and negative U. We present results for the single particle Green's function for the two-dimensional Hubbard model with and without ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${t}^{\ensuremath{''}}$ terms, and compare to quantum Monte-Carlo results for the paramagnetic phase. The overall agreement is significantly improved over the conventional Hubbard-I or two-pole approximation.
Characterization and Fabrication of 90 nm Strained Silicon PMOS using TCAD

67 Abstract—The paper focuses on the enhancement of conventional 90nm PMOS using graded silicon germanium layer (SiGe) within the channel and bulk of semiconductor. The performance of conventional 90nm PMOS and 90nm PMOS with silicon germanium layer was compared. A process simulation of Strained Silicon PMOS and its electrical characterization was done using Silvaco TCAD tool. The analysis focused on Id-Vg and Id-Vd characteristic, and hole mobility changes. With the Germanium concentration of 35%, the threshold voltage Vt for the strained Si and conventional PMOS is -0.228035V and 0.437378V respectively. This indicates that the strained silicon had lower power consumption. In addition, the output characteristics obtained for Strain Silicon PMOS showed an improvement of the drain current as compared with conventional PMOS.
Explaining the Process of Spiritual Adjustment in Parents of a Child with Cancer: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Having a child with cancer impacts the family members and reduces their quality of life. Considering the fact that spirituality creates tranquility, hope for the future, and acceptance of the disease, this study aimed to explain the process of spiritual care in parents of a child with cancer. Methods: This study was carried out using a qualitative method and grounded theory approach. The setting of this research was oncology and radiotherapy wards, governmental oncology clinics and pediatric hospitals. Using purposive and theoretical sampling method, 22 participants (eight mothers, three fathers with childhood cancer experience and 11 individuals working in oncology departments of different Iranian pediatric hospitals) were selected and individual and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: The data analysis led to the creation of a core variable of "bridge towards spirituality" which included five main categories of "unstable situation", "spirituality," "crossing rocky path", "multi-dimensional support", and "rethink". Conclusion: Due to the significant impacts of a child’s cancer on parents and the fact that people’s spiritual needs increase in critical and stressful situations, paying attention to the spirituality process is essential for managing the conditions created by the child’s disease and help parents through developing a comprehensive program of spiritual care in health care centers. Spiritual care is currently absent in the health care system of Iran, which necessitates attention to this issue in the parents of children with cancer.
XMM-Newton and NuSTAR Simultaneous X-Ray Observations of IGR J11215-5952

We report the results of an XMM-Newton and NuSTAR coordinated observation of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient (SFXT) IGR J11215–5952, performed on 2016 February 14, during the expected peak of its brief outburst, which repeats every ∼165 days. Timing and spectral analysis were performed simultaneously in the energy band 0.4–78 keV. A spin period of 187.0 (±0.4) s was measured, consistent with previous observations performed in 2007. The X-ray intensity shows a large variability (more than one order of magnitude) on timescales longer than the spin period, with several luminous X-ray flares that repeat every 2–2.5 ks, some of which simultaneously observed by both satellites. The broadband (0.4–78 keV) time-averaged spectrum was well deconvolved with a double-component model (a blackbody plus a power law with a high energy cutoff) together with a weak iron line in emission at 6.4 keV (equivalent width, EW, of 40 ± 10 eV). Alternatively, a partial covering model also resulted in an adequate description of the data. The source time-averaged X-ray luminosity was 1036 erg s−1 (0.1–100 keV; assuming 7 kpc). We discuss the results of these observations in the framework of the different models proposed to explain SFXTs, supporting a quasi-spherical settling accretion regime, although alternative possibilities (e.g., centrifugal barrier) cannot be ruled out.
The Hilbertian tensor norm and entangled two-prover games

We study tensor norms over Banach spaces and their relation to quantum information theory, in particular their connection with two-prover games. We consider a version of the Hilbertian tensor norm γ2 and its dual γ2* that allow us to consider games with arbitrary output alphabet sizes. We establish direct-product theorems and prove a generalized Grothendieck inequality for these tensor norms. Furthermore, we investigate the connection between the Hilbertian tensor norm and the set of quantum probability distributions, and show two applications to quantum information theory: firstly, we give an alternative proof of the perfect parallel repetition theorem for entangled XOR games; and secondly, we prove a new upper bound on the ratio between the entangled and the classical value of two-prover games.
Formation of the Active Star-forming Region LHA 120-N 44 Triggered by Tidally Driven Colliding H i Flows

The second most active site of high-mass star formation next to R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is N44. We carried out a detailed analysis of H i at 60″ resolution by using the ATCA and Parkes data. We presented decomposition of the H i emission into two velocity components (the L and D components) with a velocity separation of ∼60 km s−1. In addition, we newly defined the I component whose velocity is intermediate between the L and D components. The D component was used to derive the rotation curve of the LMC disk, which is consistent with the stellar rotation curve. Toward the active cluster-forming region of LHA 120-N 44, the three velocity components of H i gas show signatures of dynamical interaction, including bridges and complementary spatial distributions. We hypothesize that the L and D components have been colliding with each other since 5 Myr ago, and the interaction triggered formation of the O and early-B stars ionizing N44. In the hypothesis, the I component is interpreted as decelerated gas in terms of momentum exchange in the collisional interaction of the L and D components. In the N44 region, the Planck submillimeter dust optical depth is correlated with the H i intensity, which is well approximated by a linear regression. We found that the N44 region shows a significantly steeper regression line than in the bar region, indicating less dust abundance in the N44 region, which is ascribed to the tidal interaction between the LMC and the SMC 0.2 Gyr ago.
Facilitation of Cognition in Older Adults: Traditional and Non-Traditional Approaches to Inducing Change

Plasticity is a concept of major importance in understanding the process of cognitive aging. Differences among individuals in neuroplasticity play an important role in accounting for different trajectories of cognitive change over time. In the present paper, we define neuroplasticity as the ability to change brain and behavior and discuss cognitive training and cognitive engagement as mechanisms of change in the context of The Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC). We review evidence for structural and functional plasticity in older adults as a function of different intervention strategies. We suggest that plasticity, particularly as expressed in changes in functional activation or connectivity, can provide a mechanism to remediate the effects of cognitive decline. While evidence that cognition can be preserved or even improved in later life by leveraging residual plasticity is growing, the field has far from a complete understanding of the mechanisms of plasticity and the factors which facilitate its expression, especially in later life.
Effect of spin on the quantum entropy of black holes

By using the Newman-Penrose formalism and 't Hooft brick wall model, the quantum entropies of the Kerr-Newman black hole due to the Dirac and electromagnetic fields are calculated and the effects of the spins of the photons and Dirac particles on the entropies are investigated. It is shown that the entropies depend only on the square of the spins of the particles and the contribution of the spins is dependent on the rotation of the black hole, except that different fields obey different statistics.
Unveiling the redback nature of the low-mass X-ray binary XSS J1227.0−4859 through optical observations

The peculiar low mass X-ray binary XSSJ12270-4859, associated with the Fermi/LAT source 2FGLJ1227.7-4853, was in a X-ray, gamma-ray and optical low-luminosity persistent state for about a decade until the end of 2012, when it has entered into the dimmest state ever observed. The nature of the compact object has been controversial until the detection of a 1.69ms radio pulsar early 2014. We present optical spectroscopy and optical/near-IR photometry during the previous brighter and in the recent faint states. We determine the first spectroscopic orbital ephemeris and an accurate orbital period of 6.91246(5)h. We infer a mid G-type donor star and a distance d= 1.8-2.0kpc. The donor spectral type changes from G5V to F5V between inferior and superior conjunction, a signature of strong irradiation effects. We infer a binary inclination 45 o . i . 65 o and a highly undermassive donor, M2 � 0.06 0.12M⊙ for a neutron star mass in the range 1.4-3M⊙. Thus this binary joins as the seventh member the group of ”redbacks”. In the high state, the emission lines reveal the presence of an accretion disc. They tend to vanish at the donor star superior conjunction, where also flares are preferentially observed together with the occurrence of random dips. This behaviour could be related to the propeller mechanism of the neutron star recently proposed to be acting in this system during the high state. In the low state, the emission lines are absent at all orbital phases indicating that accretion has completely switched-off and that XSSJ12270-4859 has transited from an accretion-powered to a rotation-powered phase.
MODIFICATION OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF TUNGSTEN EXPOSED TO LOW-ENERGY , HIGH FLUX DEUTERIUM PLASMA IONS

TO LOW-ENERGY, HIGH FLUX DEUTERIUM PLASMA IONS V.Kh. Alimov, A.I. Belyaeva, A.A. Galuza, K. Isobe, V.G. Konovalov, A.A. Savchenko, K.A. Slatin, S.I. Solodovchenko, V.S. Voitsenya, T. Yamanishi Tritium Technology Group, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan; National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnical Institute”, Kharkov, Ukraine; Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine E-mail: voitseny@kipt.kharkov. ua; belyaeva@kharkov.com
Steering of a bosonic mode with a double quantum dot

We investigate the transport and coherence properties of a double quantum dot coupled to a single damped boson mode. The numerical results reveal how the properties of the boson distribution can be steered by altering parameters of the electronic system such as the energy difference between the dots. Quadrature amplitude variances and the Wigner function are employed to illustrate how the state of the boson mode can be controlled by a stationary electron current through the dots.
Hybrid analysis of gene dynamics predicts context-specific expression and offers regulatory insights

Abstract Motivation To understand the regulatory pathways underlying diseases, studies often investigate the differential gene expression between genetically or chemically differing cell populations. Differential expression analysis identifies global changes in transcription and enables the inference of functional roles of applied perturbations. This approach has transformed the discovery of genetic drivers of disease and possible therapies. However, differential expression analysis does not provide quantitative predictions of gene expression in untested conditions. We present a hybrid approach, termed Differential Expression in Python (DiffExPy), that uniquely combines discrete, differential expression analysis with in silico differential equation simulations to yield accurate, quantitative predictions of gene expression from time-series data. Results To demonstrate the distinct insight provided by DiffExpy, we applied it to published, in vitro, time-series RNA-seq data from several genetic PI3K/PTEN variants of MCF10a cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor. DiffExPy proposed ensembles of several minimal differential equation systems for each differentially expressed gene. These systems provide quantitative models of expression for several previously uncharacterized genes and uncover new regulation by the PI3K/PTEN pathways. We validated model predictions on expression data from conditions that were not used for model training. Our discrete, differential expression analysis also identified SUZ12 and FOXA1 as possible regulators of specific groups of genes that exhibit late changes in expression. Our work reveals how DiffExPy generates quantitatively predictive models with testable, biological hypotheses from time-series expression data. Availability and implementation DiffExPy is available on GitHub (https://github.com/bagherilab/diffexpy). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.