Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical solutions for the quantum parametric oscillator from corresponding classical dynamics via a complex Riccati equation

The time-dependent Schrödinger equation for quadratic Hamiltonians has Gaussian wave packets as exact solutions. For the parametric oscillator with frequency ω(t), the width of these wave packets must be time-dependent. This time-dependence can be determined via the solution of a complex nonlinear Riccati equation or an equivalent real nonlinear Ermakov equation. All quantum dynamical properties of the system can easily be constructed from these solutions, e.g., uncertainties of position and momentum, their correlations, tunnelling currents, ground state energies, etc. In addition, the link to the corresponding classical dynamics is supplied via linearization of the Riccati equation to a complex Newtonian equation, actually representing two equations of the same kind: one for the real and one for the imaginary part. If the solution of one part is known, the missing (linear independent) solution of the other can be obtained via a conservation law for the motion in the complex plane. Knowing these two solutions, the solution of the Ermakov equation can be determined immediately plus the explicit expressions for all the quantum dynamical properties mentioned above. Furthermore, these two solutions also provide the time-dependent Green function for the systems propagation for any given initial condition, not only for Gaussians. It is also possible to obtain the corresponding Wigner function and generalized creation and annihilation operators in this way. In searching for problems with analytical solutions, the crucial point is to identify systems that have either a wave packet solution with time-dependent width (in closed form) that obeys a Riccati equation, or a classical parametric oscillator with frequency ω(t) that still enables an analytical solution of the Newtonian equation. Comparing the wave packets with the solution of the diffusion equation – also a Gaussian with time-dependent width – leads to a real Riccati equation. A first attempt at “complexifying” this equation turns out to be problematic. Nevertheless, it provides a clue to time-dependent frequencies inversely proportional to time that lead to Newtonian equations with analytical solutions. Following a detailed analysis of the corresponding quantum dynamics and energetics, possible extensions of the method are indicated.
Role of Hydroxyapatite (HA) Coatings in Implants : A Review

: Biomaterials are the materials that are used for the restoration and reorganization of various tissues as well as organs. Some of the common materials presently used are organic, metallic, and composites. To increase the biocompatibility of these materials, some types of coatings are regularly applied. Hydroxyapatite is one of the materials which is mostly used for coating these materials. Hydroxyapatite acquires the same structural and chemical characteristics as human bone. In the present review, we discussed the various aspects of hydroxyapatite coatings that consist of rationale, coating process, various techniques, and coating failures.
Hydra: Effective Runtime Network Verification

It is notoriously difficult to verify that a network is behaving as intended, especially at scale. This paper presents Hydra, a system that uses ideas from runtime verification to check that every packet is correctly processed with respect to a specification in real time. We propose a domain-specific language for writing properties, called Indus, and we develop a compiler that turns properties thus specified into executable P4 code that runs alongside the forwarding code at line rate. To evaluate our approach, we used Indus to model a range of properties, showing that it is expressive enough to capture examples studied in prior work. We also deployed Hydra checkers for validating paths in source routing and for enforcing slice isolation in Aether, an open-source cellular platform. We confirmed a subtle bug in Aether's 5G mobile core that would have been hard to detect using static techniques. We also evaluated the overheads of Hydra on hardware, finding that it does not significantly increase latency and often does not require additional pipeline stages.
ON THE NONLINEAR VIBRATION AND MODE SHAPES OF FG CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

THE NONLINEAR VIBRATION AND NORMAL MODE SHAPES OF FG CYLINDRICAL SHELLS ARE INVESTIGATED USING AN EFFICIENT ANALYTICAL METHOD. THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF THE SHELL ARE BASED ON THE DONNELLÂS NONLINEAR SHALLOW SHELL, AND THE MATERIAL IS ASSUMED TO BE GRADUALLY CHANGED ACROSS THE THICKNESS ACCORDING TO THE SIMPLE POWER LAW. THE SOLUTION IS PROVIDED BY FIRST DISCRETIZING THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION USING THE MULTI-MODE GALERKINÂS METHOD. THE NONLINEAR NORMAL MODE OF THE SYSTEM IS THEN EXTRACTED USING THE INVARIANT MANIFOLD APPROACH AND EMPLOYED TO DECOUPLE THE DISCRETIZED EQUATIONS. THE HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD IS FINALLY USED TO DETERMINE THE NONLINEAR FREQUENCY. NUMERICAL RESULTS ARE PRESENTED FOR THE BACKBONE CURVES OF FG CYLINDRICAL SHELLS, NONLINEAR MODE SHAPES AND ALSO THE NONLINEAR INVARIANT MODAL SURFACES. THE VOLUME FRACTION INDEX AND THE GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE SHELL ARE FOUND TO BE EFFECTIVE ON THE TYPE OF NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR AND ALSO THE NONLINEAR MODE SHAPES OF THE SHELL. FOR THE NONLINEAR MODE SHAPES OF THINNER CYLINDERS, THE DISPLACEMENT VARIATION IN THE CIRCUMFERENTIAL DIRECTION IS FOUND TO CONSIDERABLY CHANGE WITH TIME.
Nonlinear Control of the Josephson Plasma in Superconducting Cuprates

Femtosecond optical laser pulses have been comprehensively applied in the past to control the material properties of high critical temperature superconductors. However, since the superconducting gap is of the order of several millielectronvolts, optical photons have the potential to deplete the condensate by breaking Cooper-pairs. This thesis takes a novel direction as it reports on the non-dissipative control of the Josephson plasma in the layered cuprate superconductor La1.84Sr0. 16CuO4 using terahertz electromagnetic waves. To achieve sufficiently intense sub-millimetre radiation, two complementary experimental approaches are taken. First, the table-top tilted pulse front technique is employed as a source of microjoule broadband terahertz pulses. Second, a large-scale free electron laser is operated to achieve multi-cycle pulses of less than two percent relative bandwidth. Using the tilted pulse front technique, out-of-plane superconducting transport in La1.84Sr0. 16CuO4 is gated bi-directionally on ultrafast timescales. The applied electric field modulates the interlayer coupling, leading to picosecond oscillations between superconducting and resistive states. Thereby, the modulation frequency is determined by the electric field strength in spirit of the a. c. Josephson effect. Throughout the oscillations, in-plane properties remain unperturbed, revealing an exotic state in which the dimensionality of the superconductivity is time-dependent. Using a free electron laser, it is shown that resonant terahertz excitation of nonlinear Josephson plasma waves in La1.84Sr0. 16CuO4 creates a metastable state that is transparent over a narrow spectral region. This finding is interpreted as the result of disruptive quantum interference between the linear plasma modes of the cuprate and an optically injected Josephson vortex lattice, which features the periodicity of the driving field, giving rise to three-level quantum interference optical transparency. Both observations demonstrate the potential of layered superconductors for quantum nonlinear optics and are of relevance for applications in ultrafast nanoelectronics.
Interannual variations of the intensity of narrowband VLF radio noise and radio station signals registered in Yakutsk in 2009-2017

Major natural sources of VLF radio noise registered in Northern Asia in summer are local thunderstorm activity and in winter thunderstorms of Northern India and China. A VLF propagation function is obtained by simultaneous registration in 2009-2017 in Yakutsk (62 N, 129.7 E) of the intensity of radio noise and signals of an Alpha navaid system: Novosibirsk (55.75 N, 82.45 E) and Khabarovsk (50.07 N, 136.6 E) transmitters. At a solar activity maximum (2014-2015) there is a decrease in the VLF signal attenuation. Taking into account the VLF radio signal propagation, changes in the VLF noise source intensity are obtained. There is a trend towards increased thunderstorm sources intensity, especially in summer (local thunderstorm activity). The intensity increase from 2009 to 2017 is about 4 dB (daytime) and 1.6 dB (nighttime). According to the World Wide Lightning Localization Network, the total number of lightning discharges for Northern Asia (40-80 N, 60-180 E) increased in summer by 5 dB, and for Northern India (17-36 N, 68-94 E) and Southern China (10-33 N, 94-126 E) the total number of discharges increased in winter by 2.3 dB (2009-2017). The thunderstorm activity increase may be caused by global warming.
Social Interaction and the Health Insurance Choices of the Elderly

Using data from the 1998 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the effect of social interactions on the health insurance choices of the elderly. We find that having more social interactions, as measured by contacts with friends and neighbors, reduces the likelihood of enrolling in a Medicare managed care plan relative to purchasing a medigap policy or having coverage through Medicare alone. Our estimates indicate that social networks are an important determinant of the health insurance choices of the elderly and provide suggestive evidence that "word-of-mouth" information sharing may have played a role in the preference of some seniors for traditional indemnity insurance over managed care.
Review of Yau's conjecture on zero sets of Laplace eigenfunctions

This is a review of old and new results and methods related to the Yau conjecture on the zero set of Laplace eigenfunctions. The review accompanies two lectures given at the conference CDM 2018. We discuss the works of Donnelly and Fefferman including their solution of the conjecture in the case of real-analytic Riemannian manifolds. The review exposes the new results for Yau's conjecture in the smooth setting. We try to avoid technical details and emphasize the main ideas of the proof of Nadirashvili's conjecture. We also discuss two-dimensional methods to study zero sets.
WAR: What Else Is It Good For? A Comparison of Maximum Difference Scaling, Adaptive Choice-based Conjoint, Constant Sum Scaling and Wallet Allocation Rule Utilities

Abstract Purpose – This research compares the results of Maximum Difference Scaling (MaxDiff), Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint (ACBC), and constant sum scaling with the results of a Wallet Allocation Rule (WAR) approach for identifying the features of smartphones deemed most valuable by consumers. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examine the responses of 554 recent purchasers and 598 intended purchasers of smartphones about the features of smartphones that they have considered/will consider in their purchase decisions and the relative value they assign to each feature. MaxDiff, ACBC, constant sum scaling and WAR are used for quantifying the importance of these features and correlation analysis is used to compare the results of the four methods. Findings – The authors find that constant sum scaling and WAR provide nearly identical results at both the aggregate and individual levels, while MaxDiff and ACBC produce similar results to WAR at the aggregate level only. Originality/value – This research validates the feasibility of a simple method for estimating the utility of product features by demonstrating the similarity of results to more established and/or complex methods. The availability of a simpler method creates value by allowing more firms to engage in this kind of co-creative research while reducing costs for customers to participate.
MODELS OF HAMILTONIAN AND LOW-FREQUENCY SPECTRA OF COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS IN SPIN S = 1 MAGNETICS

The paper studies the dynamic description of non-equilibrium processes in single-sublattice and multisublattice magnets with the spin s=1. In case of magnets with the spin s=1 and SU(3) symmetry of the exchange interaction, there are eight magnetic integrals of motion: the spin and the quadrupole matrix. If there are multiple sublattices, the number of additional magnetic quantities characterizing the state increases to sixteen. The presence of the Casimir invariants makes it possible to reduce the number of independent degrees of freedom. Exchange energy models are presented in terms of Casimir invariants corresponding to SO(3) or SU(3) symmetry groups for all four types of magnetic degrees of freedom. For the homogeneous part of the exchange energy, we have found conditions for the existence of local minima, which correspond to equilibrium values of the magnet. Along with the known waves (quadrupole and Goldstone – for the spin nematic), spectra of collective excitations that take into account ferro-quadrupole excitation, quadro-nematic, quadro- antiferromagnetic, and antiferro-nematic waves excitation, are also obtained. In the case of many-sublattice magnetic systems, we have shown that the selected form of the homogeneous energy model allows us to find possible magnetic orderings and to investigate them for stability.
First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing leaf spot on Flacourtia montana, a wild edible fruit tree of Western Ghats, India

Flacourtia montana J. Graham wild edible fruit tree, endemic to the Western Ghats, India was found infected with leaf spot disease. Based on morphological characteristics, molecular analyses (ITS and LSU) and pathogenicity, the pathogen was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (Botryosphaeriaceae). This is the first report of L. theobromae causing leaf spots on F. montana from Western Ghats, India.
Reconstruction and Measurement of Cosmogenic Signals in the Neutrino Experiment Borexino

Muons, as well as the neutrons and radioisotopes they produce in nuclear spallation processes, constitute a significant background in the neutrino experiment Borexino, which is located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso underground site at a depth of 3800 meters of water equivalent. The work encompasses the identification, spatial reconstruction, and measurement of rates and production yields of these cosmogenic events.
Variability and Clustering of Midlatitude Summertime Convection: Testing the Craig and Cohen Theory in a Convection-Permitting Ensemble with Stochastic Boundary Layer Perturbations

The statistical theory of convective variability developed by Craig and Cohen in 2006 has provided a promising foundation for the design of stochastic parameterizations. The simplifying assumptions of this theory, however, were made with tropical equilibrium convection in mind. This study investigates the pre- dictions of the statistical theory in real-weather case studies of nonequilibrium summertime convection over land. For this purpose, a convection-permitting ensemble is used in which all members share the same large- scale weather conditions but the convection is displaced using stochastic boundary layer perturbations. The results show that the standard deviation of the domain-integrated mass ﬂux is proportional to the square root of itsmeanovera widerangeof scales. Thisconﬁrmsthegeneralapplicabilityandscaleadaptivityof theCraig and Cohen theory for complex weather. However, clouds tend to cluster on scales of around 100km, par- ticularly in themorningand evening.Thisstronglyimpacts thetheoreticalpredictionsof thevariability,which does not includeclustering.Furthermore, the massﬂux per cloud closelyfollows an exponential distribution if all clouds are considered together and if overlapping cloud objects are separated. The nonseparated cloud mass ﬂux distribution resembles a power law. These ﬁndings support the use of the theory for stochastic parameterizations but also highlight areas for improvement.
Social and ecological factors influencing offspring survival in wild macaques

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Joint Optimization of Scheduling and Power Control in Wireless Network: Multi-Dimensional Modeling and Decomposition

The rapid development of wireless network shows a trend of increasing complexity of structure and multi-dimensional network resources. At the same time, the energy efficiency of future networks attracts more and more attentions and calls for green designs. These concerns motivate us to investigate energy-efficient networking in generic wireless network for solutions over multi-dimensional resource space. In this paper, we develop a joint optimization of scheduling and power control with multi-dimensional modeling. With this framework, transmission scheduling, routing, power control, radio and channel assignment will be jointly optimized to minimize energy consumption while guaranteeing flow demands of multiple commodities. In order to tackle the complexity issues raised from coupled resource dimensions and obtain a joint solution, we propose a novel decomposed approach. In particular, we leverage a multi-dimensional tuple-link based model and a concept of transmission pattern to transform the complex optimization problem into a linear programming (LP) problem. The LP problem however presents a very large problem scale, which is then countered by exploiting delay column generation technique. Furthermore, we propose a greedy algorithm to solve the sub-problem efficiently and derive the performance bound through solving its relaxed problem. Through numerical results, we demonstrate the benefit of joint optimization and analyze the effect of multi-dimensional resources on network energy efficiency.
A Proposal for Robpca Algorithm

Principal component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most frequently used multivariate statistical methods. Especially, it is used on the purpose of dimension reduction and obtaining uncorrelated variables. However, classic PCA (CPCA) is sensitive to outlier. Because it is based on classic covariance or correlation matrices influenced by outliers. Therefore, CPCA can give fallacious results in data sets which have outliers. In this study, the robust PCA (RPCA) methods to solve this problem of CPCA are introduced in literature. Moreover, we bring forward a proposal to ROBPCA algorithm which is one of these methods.
PyAFAR: Python-based Automated Facial Action Recognition library for use in Infants and Adults

PyAFAR1 is a Python-based, open-source facial action unit detection library for use with adults and infants. Convolutional neural networks were trained on BP4D+ for adults and MIAMI and CLOCK databases for infants. In adults, AU occurrence and intensity detection are enabled for 12 action units (AU). The AU chosen were selected on the criterion that they have base rates greater than 5% in BP4D+. Action unit intensity estimation is enabled for 5 of these AU. In infants, AU occurrence is enabled for 9 action units that are involved in expression of positive and negative affect. For both adults and infants, facial landmark and head pose tracking are enabled as well. For adults, multiple persons within a video may be tracked. The library is developed for ease of use. The models are available for fine-tuning and further training. PyAFAR may be easily incorporated into user Python code.1Code Available on: https://github.com/AffectAnalysisGroup/PyAFAR
Does Geography Matter to Bondholders?

We find that the location of corporate headquarters significantly affects the firm's bondholders. Similar to Loughran and Schultz (2006) and others, who show that investors are better able to obtain information on nearby companies, we look at firms located in large metropolitan cities, small cities, and rural areas and find that firms located in remote rural areas exhibit significantly higher costs of debt capital (of up to 65 basis points) in comparison to their urban counterparts. Unlike other studies that focus on the role of information asymmetries in the local bias of investors and decision makers, we are able to show that firms in remote areas experience greater costs of debt capital primarily because of a greater difficulty of monitoring their activities. We find that the adverse impact of bad corporate governance on bondholders is magnified in geographically remote firms, primarily because geographic distance reduces the effectiveness of external monitoring. Consistent with that, we show that in the private placement market, where firms are closely monitored by institutional investors, location plays no role in explaining the cross-sectional variation in the cost of debt capital across companies. We also find that the passage of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which brought about regulatory improvements in monitoring and governance, significantly reduced the agency costs of debt in rural firms. Taken together, our results indicate that the firm's information environment interacts with the impact of corporate governance, particularly affecting the effectiveness of external monitoring in alleviating agency problems between insiders and debt holders.
Business cycles: the role of energy prices

Oil price shocks have figured prominently U.S. business cycles since the end of World War II—although the relationship seems to have weakened during the 1990s. In addition the economy appears to respond asymmetrically to oil price shocks, rising oil prices hurt economic activity more than falling oil prices help it. This section of the Encyclopedia of Energy sorts through an extensive economics literature that relates oil price shocks to aggregate economic activity. It examines how oil price shocks create business cycles, why they seem to have a disproportionate effect on economic activity, why the economy responds asymmetrically to oil prices, and why the relationship between oil prices and economic activity may have weakened. It also addresses the issue of developing energy policy to mitigate the economic effects of oil price shocks.
A preliminary report on the development of MATLAB tensor classes for fast algorithm prototyping.

We describe three MATLAB classes for manipulating tensors in order to allow fast algorithm prototyping. A tensor is a multidimensional or N-way array. We present a tensor class for manipulating tensors which allows for tensor multiplication and 'matricization. ' We have further added two classes for representing tensors in decomposed format: cp{_}tensor and tucker{_}tensor. We demonstrate the use of these classes by implementing several algorithms that have appeared in the literature.
ROCIT: A Visual Object Recognition Algorithm Based on a Rank-Order Coding Scheme

This document describes ROCIT, a neural-inspired object recognition algorithm based on a rank-order coding scheme that uses a light-weight neuron model. ROCIT coarsely simulates a subset of the human ventral visual stream from the retina through the inferior temporal cortex. It was designed to provide an extensible baseline from which to improve the fidelity of the ventral stream model and explore the engineering potential of rank order coding with respect to object recognition. This report describes the baseline algorithm, the model's neural network architecture, the theoretical basis for the approach, and reviews the history of similar implementations. Illustrative results are used to clarify algorithm details. A formal benchmark to the 1998 FERET fafc test shows above average performance, which is encouraging. The report concludes with a brief review of potential algorithmic extensions for obtaining scale and rotational invariance.