Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Transfer to 4-Year, For-Profit Institutions

Logistic regression was employed to determine whether student transfer to for-profit, 4-year colleges (as opposed to other 4-year colleges) is a function of students' social background characteristics, the students' academic experiences at the community college, and the transfer context of the community college attended (i.e., the overall transfer rate of students from the community college and the distance of the community college from a public university). Study results, based on records for 613,595 California community college students who transferred to 4-year institutions between July 2000 and June 2004, indicate that the strongest predictors of transfer to for-profit institutions include part-time enrollment, age, and grade point average. However, students of color were more likely to transfer to for-profit institutions than White students, and students attending community colleges with lower overall transfer rates were also more likely to transfer to the for-profit sector. Finally, students who used the community college transfer center were less likely to transfer to 4-year, for-profit universities.
Proximal constrained waveform design algorithms for cognitive radar STAP

Waveform design is an important component of the fully adaptive radar construct. In this paper we consider waveform design for radar space time adaptive processing (STAP), accounting for the waveform dependence of the clutter correlation matrix. Due to this dependence, in general, the joint problem of receiver weight vector optimization and radar waveform design is intractable. To addresses scarcity of representative data in range cells for estimating the STAP correlation matrices, we consider proximal constrained alternating minimization. These algorithms, at each step, regularize and optimize the STAP weight vector and the waveform iteratively. Unlike traditional STAP techniques, these algorithms are numerically stable, and can be used in the practical training data starved STAP scenarios. Our simulations reveal a non-increasing error variance at the output of the filter.
“Lives in the Balance”: A Comment on Hinings and Greenwood's “Disconnects and Consequences in Organization Theory?”•

I would like to thank participants in the American Academy of Management New Doctoral Students Consortium 2002 for their feedback on some of the ideas in this reflection, as well as conversations with John Gray, Bo Nielsen, Tyrone Pitsis, Marc Tyrell, Ray Gordon, John Garrick, Carl Rhodes, and Chris Carter. Especially, I would like to thank John Gray for his appreciation of the finer points of an argument and his sober yet learned counsel; Ray Gordon and Carl Rhodes for the passion of shared views; Marc Tyrell for his systemic insights; and Chris Carter for reminding me about the analytic formaldehyde, amongst other things. I remain the author, however, with all the usual liabilities. Hinings and Greenwood's Proposition
International Family Migration and Differential Labour-Market Participation in Great Britain: Is There a ‘Gender Gap’?

Drawing upon studies of subnational (internal) family migration, in this paper we link international family migration to differential labour-market participation in Great Britain. We extend Kofman's fourfold categorisation of international family migration processes to develop a typology of scenarios that acknowledge the important role of the family. We match scenarios to different out-comes using a subsample of partnered migrants from the Sample of Anonymised Records (SAR) of the 1991 Census. In line with subnational family migration literature, descriptive analyses of the SAR point to a ‘gender gap’ between the labour-market participation of partnered men and partnered women moving into Great Britain between 1990–1991, with males twice as likely to be attached to the labour force compared with women. We contribute to debates on changing family organisation and employment returns to international migration by arguing that the magnitude of this gender gap varies across migration scenario and family structure. In this paper we stress the need for more interchange between international and subnational family-migration scholarship, and provide valuable entrees for analyses of the forthcoming microdata of the 2001 Census.
Discussion of Exemplary Metrics for Multi-Robot Systems for Formation Navigation

This work addresses the problem of metrics for multi-robot systems. It is often desirable to compare different strategies or algorithms for similar problems, e.g. mapping or localization. Since these are often real time applications, classical criterions like time or space complexity are not very helpful. Several other metrics have been suggested. In this paperformation navigation is used as an example application. Possible metrics are presented and discussed, and two of them are used to exemplarily evaluate the results of several formation experiments. Problems and drawbacks of these metrics are discussed and preconditions for a general metricfor the formation problem are adumbrated. Finally, first steps towards a generic and generally applicable metric are presented by means of simulation experiments.
Gender Equality and State Aggression: The Impact of Domestic Gender Equality on State First Use of Force

I examine the role of domestic gender equality in predicting whether or not a state is more aggressive in international disputes. This research adds to a growing body of feminist research in international relations, which demonstrates that states with higher levels of gender equality exhibit lower levels of violence during international disputes and during international crises. Many scholars have argued that a domestic environment of inequality and violence results in a greater likelihood of state use of violence internationally. This argument is most fully developed within feminist literature; however, research in the field of ethno-nationalism has also highlighted the negative impact of domestic discrimination and violence on state behavior at the international level. Using the MID data set and new data on first use of force, I test, using logistic regression, whether states with higher levels of gender equality are less likely to be aggressive when involved in international disputes, controlling for other possible causes of state use of force. Beyond this project's contribution to the conflict literature, this research expands feminist theory by further incorporating it into traditional international relations theory to deepen our understanding of the impact of domestic gender equality on state behavior internationally.
Optimization Potential of CMOS Power by Wire Spacing

In this work, we identify the power-optimal wire spacing as a geometric program. Its solution is a vector of individual distances between the wires. To quantify the optimization potential by this method we model the output of a grid based router with a set of parallel wires. A comparison of the power values before and after geometric optimization shows that the optimization potential lies well in the two digit percent zone for a representative circuit model in a 130nm process.
Comparison of dream interpretation, event interpretation, and unstructured sessions in brief therapy

Twenty-five distressed adult clients received 2 sessions each of dream and event interpretation using the Hill model during 12 sessions of successful therapy. No differences were found in depth, insight, and working alliance among dream interpretation, event interpretation, and unstructured sessions, suggesting that dream interpretation is as effective as other therapist strategies. Dream and event interpretation may be equally effective because both lead back to relevant waking concerns and past memories. Pretreatment measures of client psychological mindedness, openness, and insight were generally unrelated to each other, to evaluations of insight within sessions, to therapist evaluations of client insight, and to pre- and posttherapy changes in insight. Cognitive complexity of client dialogue was related to the process and outcome of dream interpretation.
Issues in Wireless Structural Damage Monitoring Technologies

A second-generation wireless sensing unit for real-time structural response measurements has been designed and fabricated. Drawing upon advanced technological developments in the areas of wireless communications, low-power microprocessors and micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensing transducers, the wireless sensing unit represents a high-performance yet low-cost solution to monitoring the short-term and long-term performance of structures. A sophisticated reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microcontroller is placed at the core of the unit to accommodate on-board computations, measurement filtering and data interrogation algorithms. As a result, the computational burden of the centralized data logger is placed on the individual sensing units. A wide array of different sensors can be interfaced to the unit delivering a sensor transparent module. The wireless infrastructure lowers overall system installation costs by eliminating laborious cabling tasks. Initial validation of the system is performed with the use of a small-scale two-story model structure instrumented with our sensors and excited with a portable shaking table.
Clustering gene expression profiles using Gaussian mixture model

Motivation: Clustering is a useful exploratory technique for the analysis of gene expression data. Because it partitions the data into meaningful subgroups, when the number of subgroups and other information about their composition may be unknown. But it seems difficult to define by a good clustering method and determine the right number of clusters. In the past, hierarchical methods have been the primary clustering tool employed to perform this task. However, Attention is now turning to model-based clustering approaches. One advantage of the mixture-model approach to clustering is that it allows the use of approximate Bayes factors to compare models. From the previous study (K.Y.Yeung), Gaussian mixture models have been shown to be a powerful tool for clustering in many applications. Results: The method is applied to a data set containing expression levels of 205 genes of yeast-lactose. Four clusters were found, two of which contain more than 95% genes with almost no altered gene-expression levels, whereas the third and forth one have 30 genes with more or less differential gene-expression levels. This result match with the previous biological information, which applies that, the datasets are from four classes.
Ecological strategies in California chaparral: interacting effects of soils, climate, and fire on specific leaf area

Background: High values of specific leaf area (SLA) are generally associated with high maximal growth rates in resource-rich conditions, such as mesic climates and fertile soils. However, fire may complicate this relationship since its frequency varies with both climate and soil fertility, and fire frequency selects for regeneration strategies (resprouting versus seeding) that are not independent of resource-acquisition strategies. Shared ancestry is also expected to affect the distribution of resource-use and regeneration traits. Aims: We examined climate, soil, and fire as drivers of community-level variation in a key functional trait, SLA, in chaparral in California. Methods: We quantified the phylogenetic, functional, and environmental non-independence of key traits for 87 species in 115 plots. Results: Among species, SLA was higher in resprouters than seeders, although not after phylogeny correction. Among communities, mean SLA was lower in harsh interior climates, but in these climates it was higher on more fertile soils and on more recently burned sites; in mesic coastal climates, mean SLA was uniformly high despite variation in soil fertility and fire history. Conclusions: We conclude that because important correlations exist among both species traits and environmental filters, interpreting the functional and phylogenetic structure of communities may require an understanding of complex interactive effects.
Mothers' experiences of parenting a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

AIM This paper is a report of a study to explore the perceptions and experiences of mothers parenting a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. BACKGROUND Previous quantitative studies have focussed on parenting styles and treatments, and highlight that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has a negative impact on family functioning. However, fewer researchers have explored maternal experiences of parenting a child with this disorder. A narrative-based feminist approach can provide greater insights into complex issues related to mothering a child with this disorder. METHOD Data were collected in 2007 with a volunteer sample of 11 mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder via in-depth interviews. Analysis was completed by listening for self-evaluative statements, paying attention to meta-statements and by identifying both consistencies and incongruities within participant's narratives. FINDINGS Dominant issues identified were: It's been 10 years of being on edge: The caring responsibility as overwhelming; If I had my time over again, I wouldn't tell the truth: Stigmatized, scrutinized and criticized; What have I done? What did I do? How come I've got this child: Guilt and self-blame and He doesn't stand a chance: Mother as advocate. CONCLUSION Mothering a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is stressful and demanding, and mothers felt marginalized. Media portrayal of this disorder contributes to confusion related to causes, diagnosis and treatment choices. More education for healthcare professionals is needed to enable them to give appropriate guidance and support to enhance outcomes for children and their parents.
How work context and age shape political skill

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to seek to predict increases in political skill, and more specifically networking ability, based on hierarchical position, time involvement, and the moderating effects of job incumbents’ age. Design/methodology/approach – These hypotheses were tested in a panel design with hierarchical regression analyses over two years with 150 works councillors from Germany. Self-reported political skill, time involvement, and position were measured at time 1, and political skill was measured again two years later. Findings – Works council members increase their political skill when they hold a higher position and have more time involvement. Further, councillors’ age was found to moderate these relationships. That is, older councillors develop political skill (specifically networking ability) at a higher rate than middle aged employees. Research limitations/implications – Future research should test the hypotheses in different populations and also include other ratings of political.
DESIGN OF LOW POWER SHIFT REGISTER USING IMPLCIT AND EXPLICIT TYPE FLIP FLOP

Flip-flops is critical timing elements in digital circuits which have a large impact on the circuit speed and power consumption. The performance of flip-flop is an important element to determine the efficiency of the whole synchronous circuit . In an attempt to reduce power consumption in flip-flops a low-power flip-flop (FF) design featuring an explicit type pulse-triggered structure and a modified true single phase clock latch based on a signal feed-through scheme is presented. The proposed design successfully solves the long discharging path problem in conventional explicit type pulse-triggered FF (P-FF) designs and achieves better speed and power performance. Based on post-layout simulation results using TSMC CMOS 90-nm technology, the proposed design outperforms the conventional P-FF design. The proposed design features the best power-delay-product performance in both implicit and explicit type flip flops under comparison. Shift registers can be designed using such flip flop. As a result power consumption is reduced compared to conventional methods.
Terrain classification in polarimetric SAR using wavelet packets

POL-SAR data acquired from the two 1994 flights of the SIR-C/X-SAR platform has illustrated the variability of measurements due to seasonal, spectral, and angular changes. Consequently statistical techniques for terrain classification make robust, unsupervised classification problematic. We present an algorithm for classifying terrain that accounts for variability in terrain signatures by deriving a single representative process for each terrain from a family of stochastic scattering models. A best-basis search through a wavelet packet tree, using the Bhattacharyya coefficient as a cost measure, determines the optimal unitary basis of eigenvectors for the representative process and offers a scale-based interpretation of the scattering phenomena. The associated eigenvalues and means are determined through iterative algorithms. The technique is illustrated with a simple example.
Assessment of vitamin D concentration in non-supplemented professional athletes and healthy adults during the winter months in the UK: implications for skeletal muscle function

Abstract The current study implemented a two-part design to (1) assess the vitamin D concentration of a large cohort of non-vitamin D supplemented UK-based athletes and 30 age-matched healthy non-athletes and (2) to examine the effects of 5000 IU · day−1 vitamin D3 supplementation for 8-weeks on musculoskeletal performance in a placebo controlled trial. Vitamin D concentration was determined as severely deficient if serum 25(OH)D < 12.5 nmol · l−1, deficient 12.5–30 nmol · l−1 and inadequate 30–50 nmol · l−1. We demonstrate that 62% of the athletes (38/61) and 73% of the controls (22/30) exhibited serum total 25(OH)D < 50 nmol · l−1. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation increased serum total 25(OH)D from baseline (mean ± SD = 29 ± 25 to 103 ± 25 nmol · l−1, P = 0.0028), whereas the placebo showed no significant change (53 ± 29 to 74 ± 24 nmol · l−1, P = 0.12). There was a significant increase in 10 m sprint times (P = 0.008) and vertical-jump (P = 0.008) in the vitamin D group whereas the placebo showed no change (P = 0.587 and P = 0.204 respectively). The current data supports previous findings that athletes living at Northerly latitudes (UK = 53° N) exhibit inadequate vitamin D concentrations (<50 nmol · l−1). Additionally the data suggests that inadequate vitamin D concentration is detrimental to musculoskeletal performance in athletes. Future studies using larger athletic groups are now warranted.
and Hidehiko Komatsu Primary Visual Cortex Brightness of a Uniform Surface in the Macaque Neural Representation of the Luminance and

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , June, 2009; 19 (6): 1394-1407. Cereb. Cortex Peter M. Kaskan, Haidong D. Lu, Barbara C. Dillenburger, Jon H. Kaas and Anna W. Roe Revealed by Intrinsic Signal Optical Imaging Domains in the Second (V2) and Third (V3) Visual Areas of New World Owl Monkeys as The Organization of Orientation-Selective, Luminance-Change and BinocularPreference [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November, 17 2008; 8 (15): . J Vis Maria Pereverzeva and Scott O. Murray Neural activity in human V1 correlates with dynamic lightness induction [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , June, 2009; 19 (6): 1394-1407. Cereb. Cortex Peter M. Kaskan, Haidong D. Lu, Barbara C. Dillenburger, Jon H. Kaas and Anna W. Roe Revealed by Intrinsic Signal Optical Imaging Domains in the Second (V2) and Third (V3) Visual Areas of New World Owl Monkeys as The Organization of Orientation-Selective, Luminance-Change and BinocularPreference [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , June, 26 2009; 9 (6): . J Vis Sergio Roncato and Clara Casco A new ''tilt'' illusion reveals the relation between border ownership and border binding [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November, 19 2009; 9 (12): . J Vis Elaine J. Anderson, Steven C. Dakin and Geraint Rees O'Brien effect − Cornsweet − Monocular signals in human lateral geniculate nucleus reflect the Craik
Recent advances in inflammatory bowel disease: mucosal immune cells in intestinal inflammation

The intestine and its immune system have evolved to meet the extraordinary task of maintaining tolerance to the largest, most complex and diverse microbial commensal habitat, while meticulously attacking and containing even minute numbers of occasionally incoming pathogens. While our understanding is still far from complete, recent studies have provided exciting novel insights into the complex interplay of the many distinct intestinal immune cell types as well as the discovery of entirely new cell subsets. These studies have also revealed how proper development and function of the intestinal immune system is dependent on its specific microbiota, which appears to have evolutionarily co-evolved. Here we review key immune cells that maintain intestinal homeostasis and, conversely, describe how altered function and imbalances may lead to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We highlight the latest developments within this field, covering the major players in IBD including intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, adaptive immune cells, and the newly discovered innate lymphoid cells, which appear of characteristic importance for immune function at mucosal surfaces. We set these mucosal immune pathways in the functional context of IBD risk genes where such insight is available. Moreover, we frame our discussion of fundamental biological pathways that have been elucidated in model systems in the context of results from clinical trials in IBD that targeted key mediators secreted by these cells, as an attempt of ‘functional’ appraisal of these pathways in human disease.
Negative consequences of community group participation for women's mental health and well‐being: Implications for gender aware social capital building

Participation in community groups is argued to be an important way to create health-promoting social capital. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the ways in which gender affects the health promotion potential of participation. This paper reports on a qualitative study of women's experiences of participation in a diverse range of community groups, and considers how such involvement can potentially have a negative impact upon mental well-being. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 women in Adelaide, South Australia. Women's accounts of their group involvement reflected that their identities as mothers were particularly important in shaping their participation. Some women reported difficulties in combining group involvement with their family responsibilities. Stress attached to negotiating social interaction within groups was also raised as an issue. It was found that participation can reinforce gender inequality and potentially have severe negative consequences for mental health, issues that need to be considered alongside the potential health benefits. The findings are considered in light of Bourdieu's critical conceptualization of social capital. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Yellow Compounds, Dilysyldipyrrolones A and B, Formed from Xylose and Lysine by the Maillard Reaction

When a solution containing xylose and L-lysine is heated under weakly acidic conditions, it turns brown by the Maillard reaction. We isolated here two novel yellow compounds from a heated solution containing xylose and lysine, and identified pyrrolyl-methylidene-pyrrolone derivatives named dilysyldipyrrolones A and B. Their chemical structures were elucidated by instrumental analyses as 6-[[1-[(S)-5-amino-1-carboxypentyl]-3-hydroxy-pyrrol-2-yl]-(E)-2-methylidene-5-methyl-1,2H-pyrrol-3-one-1-ly]-(S)-2-amino-hexanoic acid (dilysyldipyrrolone A) and 6-[[1-[(S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentyl]-3-hydroxy-pyrrol-2-yl]-(E)-2-methylidene-5-methyl-1,2H-pyrrol-3-one-1-yl]-(S)-2-amino-hexanoic acid (dilysyldipyrrolone B). These were the major pigments in the heated solution.