Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress on Poset-free Families of Subsets

Increasing attention is being paid to the study of families of subsets of an nset that contain no subposet P . Especially, we are interested in such families of maximum size given P and n. For certain P this problem is solved for general n, while for other P it is extremely challenging to find even an approximate solution for large n. It is conjectured that for any P , the maximum size is asymptotic to a constant times ( n b 2 c ) , where the constant is a certain integer depending on P . This survey has two purposes. First, we want to bring this exciting line of research to the attention of a wider audience. Second, we want to make experts aware of the broad range of recent progress in the area. 1 First Results: Families Without Chains Problems of forbidding given structures in a larger structure are very popular in extremal combinatorics. The study of forbidden subgraph problems, starting from Mantel’s result on triangle-free graphs, is nowadays a well-developed discipline. The Turán theory on hypergraphs contains beautiful theorems and challenging unsolved problems. A research area that has become fertile in recent years considers forbidding poset structures in families of subsets. Let P = (P,≤) be a finite poset. We say that another poset Q contains P as a subposet (in the weak sense), if there exists an order-preserving injection i from P to Q. We view a family F of subsets of a finite set as a poset itself, ordered according to the inclusion relation of sets. More precisely, working in the Boolean lattice Bn of all 2 subsets of [n] := {1, 2, · · · , n}, ordered by inclusion, we want to understand how large a family of subsets in Bn can be without containing a given poset P as a subposet. We let ( [n] k ) denote the collection of k-subsets of [n]. ∗Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA 29208 (griggs@math.sc.edu). Research supported in part by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#282896 to Jerrold Griggs) and by a long-term visiting position at the IMA, University of Minnesota. †Department of Applied Mathematics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227 (weitianli@dragon.nchu.edu.tw). Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 103-2115-M-005 -003 -MY2)
SYSTRAN new generation: the XML translation workflow

Customization of Machine Translation (MT) is a prerequisite for corporations to adopt the technology. It is therefore important but nonetheless challenging. Ongoing implementation proves that XML is an excellent exchange device between MT modules that efficiently enables interaction between the user and the processes to reach highly granulated structure-based customization. Accomplished through an innovative approach called the SYSTRAN Translation Stylesheet, this method is coherent with the current evolution of the “authoring process”. As a natural progression, the next stage in the customization process is the integration of MT in a multilingual tool kit designed for the “authoring process”.
Supervised learning of an abstract context model for an intelligent environment

This paper addresses the problem of supervised learning in intelligent environments. An intelligent environment perceives user activity and offers a number of services according to the perceived information about the user. An abstract context model in the form of a situation network is used to represent the intelligent environment, its occupants and their activities. The context model consists of situations, roles played by entities and relations between these entities. The objective is to adapt the system services, which are associated to the situations of the model, to the changing needs of the user. For this, a supervisor gives feedback by correcting system services that are found to be inappropriate to user needs. The situation network can be developed by exchanging the system service-situation association, by splitting the situation, or by learning new roles. The situation split is interpreted as a replacement of the former situation by sub-situations whose number and characteristics are determined using conceptual or decision tree algorithms. Different algorithms have been tested on a context model within the SmartOffice environment of the PRIMA research group. The decision tree algorithm (ID3) has been found to give the best results.
Intelligent control algorithms for robotic-assisted beating heart surgery

This paper focuses on the development of control algorithms for intelligent robotic tools that assist off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. In the robotic-assisted CABG surgery, the surgeon operates on the beating heart using intelligent robotic instruments. Robotic tools actively cancel the relative motion between the surgical instruments and the point of interest on the beating heart, dynamically stabilizing the heart for the operation. This algorithm is called active relative motion canceling (ARMC). Here, a model-based intelligent ARMC algorithm employing biological signals, such as electrocardiogram, to achieve effective motion cancellation is proposed. Finally, experimental results of the algorithm on a 3-degree-of-freedom robotic test-bed system are reported.
Investment and Pricing with Spectrum Uncertainty: A Cognitive Operator's Perspective

This paper studies the optimal investment and pricing decisions of a cognitive mobile virtual network operator (C-MVNO) under spectrum supply uncertainty. Compared with a traditional MVNO who often leases spectrum via long-term contracts, a C-MVNO can acquire spectrum dynamically in short-term by both sensing the empty “spectrum holes” of licensed bands and dynamically leasing from the spectrum owner. As a result, a C-MVNO can make flexible investment and pricing decisions to match demands of the secondary unlicensed users. Compared to dynamic spectrum leasing, spectrum sensing is typically cheaper, but the obtained useful spectrum amount is random due to primary licensed users' stochastic traffic. The C-MVNO needs to determine the optimal amounts of spectrum sensing and leasing by evaluating the trade-off between cost and uncertainty. The C-MVNO also needs to determine the optimal price to sell the spectrum to the secondary unlicensed users, taking into account wireless heterogeneity of users such as different maximum transmission power levels and channel gains. We model and analyze the interactions between the C-MVNO and secondary unlicensed users as a Stackelberg game. We show several interesting properties of the network equilibrium, including threshold structures of the optimal investment and pricing decisions, the independence of the optimal price on users' wireless characteristics, and guaranteed fair and predictable QoS among users. We prove that these properties hold for general SNR regime and general continuous distributions of sensing uncertainty. We show that spectrum sensing can significantly improve the C-MVNO's expected profit and users' payoffs.
Cilengitide Inhibits Attachment and Invasion of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells through Antagonism of Integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an almost invariably fatal, asbestos-related malignancy arising from the mesothelial membrane lining the thoracic cavities. Despite some improvements in treatment, therapy is not considered curative and median survival following diagnosis is less than 1 year. Although still classed as a rare cancer, the incidence of MPM is increasing, and the limited progress in treating the disease makes the identification of new therapies a priority. As there is evidence for expression of the integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 in MPM, there is a rationale for investigating the effects on MPM of cilengitide, a synthetic peptide inhibitor of integrin αv heterodimer with high specificity for αvβ3 and αvβ5. In mesothelial cells (MC) and 7 MPM cell lines, growth inhibition by cilengitide was associated with the expression level of its target integrins. Furthermore, cilengitide caused cell detachment and subsequent death of anoikis-sensitive cells. It also suppressed invasion of MPM cells in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures. Gene knockdown experiments indicated that these effects of cilengitide were, at least partly, due to antagonism of αvβ3 and αvβ5.
An alternative approach for developing socially assistive robots

This paper presents the design of the socially as-sistive companion robotic wheelchair named RoboChair. Unlike in most current companion robotics projects, the approach of RoboChair is not to build a completely new robotic device. Instead, the focus of the RoboChair project is to convert an already useful device (i.e. wheelchair) to a socially assistive companion robot. The authors argue that there are number of advantages in this approach. The proposed robotic chair is a mobile robot that can carry a person. It is equipped with several measuring devices for measuring vital signs. The robot chair is capable of engaging users with interactive dialogs through a touch screen and by using human-robot interaction techniques. It has a scalable modular software architecture so that adding new hardware and software modules is straightforward. The software framework is based on Robot Operating System (ROS) open source robotic middleware.
Reliability, validity and development of ocean thermal energy conversion

With the foreseen future of fossil fuels and other nonrenewable energy, researchers have devoted themselves for potential renewable energy which can be alternatives to the oil-based economy. It is universal acknowledged that ocean thermal is an ideal energy source and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) was studied. Firstly, the principle of OTEC system was presented and the main structure was analyzed. Then some challenges through its application and commercialization were discussed respect to the key subsystems of OTEC. In addition, fault tree analysis as case study was applied to illustrate the relationships of reliability aspect of OTEC, which may benefit the implantation and stability of future development. Relex studio 2009 was adopted in this paper for fault tree construction.
Camera Based 3 D MineShaft Inspection System

This paper describes the development of an Optical 3D Shaft Inspection System needed for the survey and monitoring of Water Handling Shafts in the German Ruhrgebiet. The development is part of the RAG R&D project “ABSMon”. The end of the German hard coal mining at the end of 2018 has been determined with the Steinkohlefinanzierungsgesetz (SteinkohleFinG) from 2007-12-20. About three hundred years before now the near surface hard coal mining began in the southern Ruhr Area and in our days advanced to the northern Ruhr Area with mining depth of around -1.500 meters. The mine workings are kept dry by mine water pumping. When the active mining activities will have finished a controlled Water Handling will raise and keep the mine water to levels predetermined by the Mining Authorities. A monitoring with a mobile wireline shaft survey system is needed to run the Water Handling Shafts for an enduring Water Management. At the moment only laser scanner systems are available, but also optical systems are needed to enable the near real-time inspection with 3D presentation and 3D examination during the measurement campaign. An approach is presented that uses a camera to generate high resolution and textured 3D models of mining shafts and tunnels for inspection purposes. 1 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Dpt. Information Processing of Optical Systems, Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489 Berlin; E-Mail: [juergen.wohlfeil, bernhard.strackenbrock, andre.choinowski]@dIr.de 2 RAG Aktiengesellschaft, Shamrockring 1, 44623 Herne; E-Mail: [volker.spreckels, andreas.schlienkamp]@rag.de DGPF Tagungsband 24 / 2015
Children's environmental identity and the elementary science classroom

ABSTRACT This qualitative research explores children's environmental identity by describing how fifth grade children view their relationship with the natural world alongside their experience of elementary school science. Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with 17 grade 5 children was supported with a survey that included responses to open-ended survey items. Analyses convey that children recognize and describe their own environmental identity, but that identity is often unacknowledged in the science classroom. This lack of acknowledgment may limit connections of school science to children's interests and emotional attachment to the natural world.
Interannual variability of pteropod shell weights in the high-CO 2 Southern Ocean

Abstract. Anthropogenic inputs of CO2 are altering ocean chemistry and may alter the role of marine calcifiers in ocean ecosystems. CO2 emissions over the coming centuries may produce changes in ocean pH not seen for millions of years. Laboratory evidence has shown decreased calcification in some species of coccolithophores, foraminifera, corals and pteropods in response to CO2 enrichment. However, in situ observations of calcification in marine organisms are limited, especially for the aragonitic pteropods. This group of pelagic molluscs are likely to be more sensitive to changes in carbonate chemistry than calcite producers such as foraminifera and coccolithophores. Here we present observations of pteropod shell-weight and flux from 1997–2006 in sediment traps deployed at 47° S, 142° E at 2000 meters below sea surface in the Southern Ocean. A decadal trend of –1.17±0.47 μg yr−1 (P=0.02) in mean shell weight in the pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica forma antarctica suggests a small but detectable reduction in calcification. Gaps in the data make it difficult to state with certainty the significance of the trend. However, this data set represents the first attempt to estimate interannual variations in pteropod calcification and establish a benchmark against which future impacts of ocean acidification may be detected. Contributions of Limacina helicina antarctica morphotypes to the total pteropod flux were also reduced over the decade. We suggest these small though discernible trends are due to changing carbonate chemistry in the Subantarctic, as other oceanographic variables show no clear decadal trends. With CO2 continuing to enter the ocean such impacts on pteropods and other marine calcifiers could result in changes to the distribution of species and the structure of Southern Ocean ecosystems.
Robust Algorithm for Computational Color Constancy

Color constancy (CC) or white balance (WB) is an important image processing step in digital camera and machine vision. This paper presents a robust computational algorithm that offers an accurate solution for CC. The proposed CC measure exploits the scanning strategy of RGB channel gain adjustment. In addition, the suppressing mechanism of grayscale pixel maximization (GPM) is used to locate potential illuminants. The numerical analysis scheme provides GPM diagrams for user-friendly visualization and analysis. For most natural images having a noticeable amount of grayscale pixels in the scene, the channel gain adjustment required for CC can be clearly revealed. Operating mechanism and CC performance of the proposed algorithm are intelligibly demonstrated.
04 11 04 2 v 1 2 N ov 2 00 4 X-ray Emission Properties of Large Scale Jets , Hotspots and Lobes in Active Galactic Nuclei

We examine a systematic comparison of jet-knots, hotspots and radio lobes recently observed with Chandra and ASCA. This report will discuss the origin of their X-ray emissions and investigate the dynamics of the jets. The data was compiled at well sampled radio (5 GHz) and X-ray frequencies (1keV) for more than 40 radio galaxies. We examined three models for the X-ray production: synchrotron (SYN), synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) and external Compton on CMB photons (EC). For the SYN sources — mostly jet-knots in nearby low-luminosity radio galaxies — X-ray photons are produced by ultrarelativistic electrons with energies 10−100 TeV that must be accelerated in situ. For the other objects, conservatively classified as SSC or EC sources, a simple formulation of calculating the “expected” X-ray fluxes under an equipartition hypothesis is presented. We confirmed that the observed X-ray fluxes are close to the expected ones for non-relativistic emitting plasma velocities in the case of radio lobes and majority of hotspots, whereas considerable fraction of jet-knots is too bright at X-rays to be explained in this way. We examined two possibilities to account for the discrepancy in a framework of the inverseCompton model: (1) magnetic field is much smaller than the equipartition value, and (2) the jets are highly relativistic on kpc/Mpc scales. We concluded, that if the inverse-Compton model is the case, the X-ray bright jet-knots are most likely far from the minimum-power condition. We also briefly discuss the other possibility, namely that the observed X-ray emission from all of the jet-knots is synchrotron in origin. Subject headings: galaxies: jets — magnetic fields — radiation mechanism: non-thermal
Iterative multi-user detection and decoding for turbo-coded DS-CDMA systems

In this paper we consider turbo-coded multi-user DS-CDMA communications. We first present a new scheme for Soft-Input Soft-Output multi-user detection. Our method provides the Maximum A Posteriori estimate for each user bit together with its fiability in the form of an extrinsic information. It is based on the stack algorithm over the tree diagram of the CDMA channel. The Soft-Input Soft-Output multi-user detector is then associated to a bank of turbo-decoders in a global turbo loop to perform iteratively multi-user detection and turbo-decoding. Simulation results show the high efficiency of the proposed method.
Using Annotated KD-Trees to Accelerate Shadow Ray Queries

A monument information storage and output device for outputting monument information consisting of registered picture and sound data which comprises a monument data intake system including a video imaging device or photographing device for inputting video information and/or a microphone or other sound pickup device for inputting sound information and a registration code input device for entering a registration code, a monument data storage system for storing the monument data transmitted from the monument data intake system by registration code, a data processing system for controlling the input and output of the monument data stored by registration code in the monument data storage system, and an output system for referring to the registration code and outputting the monument data corresponding to the particular code. The device is particularly suited for recording and outputting of information relating to beauty spots and other places for souvenir's sake.
Effect of auditory cortex lesions on the discrimination of frequency‐modulated tones in rats

The lateralization of functions to individual hemispheres of the mammalian brain remains, with the exception of the human brain, unresolved. The aim of this work was to investigate the ability to discriminate between falling and rising frequency‐modulated (FM) stimuli in rats with unilateral or bilateral lesions of the auditory cortex (AC). Using an avoidance conditioning procedure, thirsty rats were trained to drink in the presence of a rising FM tone and to stop drinking when a falling FM tone was presented. Rats with a lesion of the AC were able to learn to discriminate between rising and falling FM tones; however, they performed significantly worse than did control rats. A greater deficit in the ability to discriminate the direction of frequency modulation was observed in rats with a right or bilateral AC lesion. The discrimination performance (DP) in these rats was significantly worse than the DP in rats with a left AC lesion. Animals with a right or bilateral AC lesion improved their DP mainly by recognizing the pitch at the beginning of the stimuli. The lesioning of the AC in trained animals caused a significant decrease in DP, down to chance levels. Retraining resulted in a significant increase in DP in rats with a left AC lesion; animals with a right lesion improved only slightly. The results demonstrate a hemispheric asymmetry of the rat AC in the recognition of FM stimuli and indicate the dominance of the right AC in the discrimination of the direction of frequency modulation.
Case based reasoning approach for transaction outcomes prediction on currency markets

This paper presents a case based reasoning approach for making profit in the foreign exchange (forex) market with controlled risk using k nearest neighbour (kNN) and improving on the results with neural networks (NNs) and a combination of both. Although many professionals have proven that exchange rates can be forecast using neural networks for example, poor trading strategies and unpredictable market fluctuation can inevitably still result in substantial loss. As a result, the method proposed in this paper will focus on predicting the outcome of potential trades with fixed stop loss (ST) and take profit (TP) positions1, in terms of a win or loss. With the help of the Monte Carlo method, randomly generated trades together with different traditional technical indicators are fed into the models, resulting in a win or lose output. This is clearly a case based reasoning approach, in terms of searching similar past trade setups for selecting successful trades. There are several advantages over classical forecasting associated with such an approach, and the technique presented in this paper brings a novel perspective to problem of exchange trades predictability. The strategies implemented have not been empirically investigated with such wide a range of time granularities as is done in this paper, in any to the authors known academic literature. The profitability of this approach is back-tested at the end of this paper and highly encouraging results are reported.
Towards a continuum theory of clustering in a freely cooling inelastic gas

We performed molecular-dynamics simulations to investigate the clustering instability of a freely cooling dilute gas of inelastically colliding disks in a quasi–one-dimensional setting. We observe that, as the gas cools, the shear stress becomes negligibly small, and the gas flows by inertia only. Finite-time singularities, intrinsic in such a flow, are arrested only when close-packed clusters are formed. We observe that the late-time dynamics of this system are describable by the Burgers equation with vanishing viscosity, and predict the long-time coarsening behavior.
Determinants of total factor productivity in the italian Regions

Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in the Italian Regions (by Guido Ascari e Valeria Di Cosmo) - ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the determinants of TFP for Italian regions. We find strong evidence in favour of the factors commonly suggested by the theoretical literature. In particular, our results points to research activity, human capital, social capital, infrastructures and agglomeration spillovers as the main determinants of TFP differences across Italian regions. Furthermore, we investigate the difference between Northern and Southern regions, finding significant differences, particularly regarding the effects of social capital and crime.