Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le phénomène de « conformité supérieure de soi ».Expériences exploratoires

Resume ; Par « conformite superieure de soi », on entend ici le phenomene, observe dans plusieurs experiences, selon lequel les individus ont generalement tendance, lorsqu'ils se comparent a autrui, a se presenter comme « plus dans les normes » de la situation que ne le seraient leurs pairs. ; Dans les trois premieres des quatre experiences presentees dans cet article, on cherche surtout a verifier que le phenomene de conformite superieure de soi se manifeste tout autant chez des sujets appartenant, par leur âge et leur statut socio-economique, a des populations sensiblement differentes. ; Les resultats obtenus dans ces trois premieres experiences confirmant celte hypothese, la quatrieme experience dont nous rendons compte ici a pour but de montrer que ces resultats ne sont entaches d'aucun artefact methodologique.
Memory Changes in Normal Aging

Does memory decline as we get older? It certainly seems as if it does: People in their 60s and 70s have greater difficulty remembering names and finding words than they did in their teens and 20s; they also report an increasing liability to ev eryday forgetfulness? where they left their glasses or a book? or a fail ure to carry out some action that they had decided on only moments before. Several questionnaire stud ies1 have shown that older adults re port these and other memory prob lems in their everyday lives; so it does not seem that age-related losses in memory are attributable simply to negative stereotypes of the elderly held by younger people, or to the results of artificial laboratory tests of memory, which older people might find boring and irrelevant. On the contrary, it appears that age-related declines in memory are real, and that they cause concern in many older people. The purpose of the present article is to give an overview of some theoretical ideas and exper imental findings that bear on the phenomenon of age-related memory loss. Given the space restrictions, the article focuses largely on my own point of view; readers will find reviews that are more comprehen sive, and less partisan, in the recent literature.2
‘Speaking Back’ to Fear: Responding to the Moral Dilemmas of Risk in Social Work Practice

The rhetoric of risk is used within neo-liberal risk society to mobilise fear as an emotive, defensive and strategic medium for advancing the values of safety and security. In this context it is argued that risk, driven by the politics of fear, has re-oriented social work practice towards managing and securing against risk as opposed to genuine attempts to respond meaningfully to need. According to this discourse social workers are fearful - we fear for our physical and mental well-being; we fear that we will be blamed when things go wrong; and we fear the loss of the integrity of our profession. This paper reports the results of research conducted in Australia that has explored how social workers are able to ‘speak back’ to these fears within their interventions. Despite its pervasive and often foreboding presence, the majority of participants reported that they were able to undermine the conservative impetus of risk within their practice. The research indicates that taking risks is integral to social workers enacting a moral stance against the proclivity towards defensive and morally timid social work practice within the conservative political, social, cultural and economic climes of neo-liberal risk society.
When and why do we want to know? How experienced regret promotes post‐decision information search

The effect of emotional and situational factors on the decision to seek out post-decision information about un-chosen alternative was examined in five experiments. Experiment 1 tested participants' willingness to find out the outcome of an un-chosen investment that was likely to have a higher value than the chosen investment. It was found that participants were more willing to acquire information when they were responsible for the decision. Experiment 2 showed that responsibility affects information seeking, in particular when one suspects that a wrong decision was made. Experiments 3–5 examined the role of regret on information seeking. It was shown that regret about making the wrong investment (Experiment 3), forgetting to send in a lottery ticket (Experiment 4), and missing an opportunity to use a discount card after spending a month in Australia (Experiment 5), mediates the information-seeking behavior. Experiment 5 also demonstrated that the experience of regret (and not its anticipation) influences post-decision information seeking even when the information is of no future use. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Action, Intelligibility and Motivational Space

Donnchadh O’Conaill argues that there is common ground to found between John McDowell’s and Hubert Dreyfus’s positions on what makes actions intelligible. O’Conaill rejects the idea that the dichotomy between ‘realm of law’ and the ‘the space of reasons’ captures two exhaustive ways of making our actions intelligible. Crudely, according to the first, ‘making actions intelligible’ is to understand actions as falling under a natural law, whilst according the latter, it is to understand actions by appealing to those reasons that make understandable the agent’s doing what they did. O’Conaill helpfully elaborates on the latter: ‘this kind of intelligibility requires that the agent be aware of the reasons and takes them to be reasons, i.e., takes them to favour that course of action’ (p. 441). Now, there are certain actions, says O’Conaill that cannot be made intelligible by being placed in either of these spaces. These are essentially instances of ‘unreflective bodily coping’ that are ‘not performed for any reason’ (p. 443). O’Conaill provides examples, such as when one performs a summersault, rolls over in bed or jumps up in a heated discussion, ‘simply because one feels like doing it’ (p. 443). Indeed, it is not difficult to come up with similar examples. One could think for instance of Novak Djokovic banging the racket on his head after missing the two-handed backhand to the net, or of an eight-monthold human baby throwing down a bottle of milk, or of moving in response to a muscle cramp in a dreamless sleep, etc. Following a thread of a long-standing tradition which Merleau-Ponty has defended with considerable mastery, O’Conaill suggests that this class of actions can be accommodated within the ‘the space of motivations’ (p. 443). There is no account of ‘motive’ on offer in the paper. Instead, we are told what it means to ‘be motivated’; according to O’Conaill, ‘an agent is motivated to act in a certain way if they feel inclined, in virtue of perceiving an environmental affordance, to take up a certain course of action’ (p. 444). Setting up the paper in the aforementioned way, enables O’Conaill to argue for the following two claims: (i) unreflective bodily coping can be rational hence the space of reasons and the space of motivation are not mutually International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 2014 Vol. 22, No. 3, 456–460, http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/09672559.2014. 913891
A difference that makes a difference: young adult smokers’ accounts of cigarette brands and package design

Objective: To explore young adult smokers’ construction of meaning and identity in accounts of cigarette brands and cigarette package design, and the processes by which positive associations with a brand may be reinforced and sustained. Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews with 21 smokers aged 18–23 in Norway, where advertising for tobacco has been banned since 1975. Results: Cigarette brand and cigarette package design appear as an integrated part of young smokers’ constructions of smoker identities, enabling the communication of personal characteristics, social identity and positions in hierarchies of status. Conclusion: Through branding and package design tobacco companies appear to be able to promote their products in a country where advertising is banned, by means of similar principles that make advertising effective: by creating preferences, differentiation and identification.
EXFOLIATION SYNDROME IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES I. PREVALENCE IN OPEN‐ANGLE GLAUCOMA AND NON‐GLAUCOMA POPULATIONS

Abstract. A prospective study of 2,121 patients, 30 years of age or older, examined in two clinics in the southeastern United States with dilated slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, revealed the exfoliation syndrome in 1.6 % of the total population and in 6.0 % of an open‐angle glaucoma subpopulation. All but one of the 33 patients with exfoliation syndrome were over age 60 years, and the prevalence of exfoliation syndrome in the subgroup over age 60 was 3.2 %. Among the patients over age 60 who did not have open‐angle glaucoma, 1.6 % had exfoliation syndrome. By chi square analysis, the prevalence of the exfoliation syndrome in the over age 60 population without glaucoma was found to be significantly less (P = 0.00009) than reported in studies from other geographic areas.
Fault Tolerant Reversible QCA Design using TMR and Fault Detecting by a Comparator Circuit

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging and promising technology that provides significant improvements over CMOS. Recently QCA has been advocated as an applicant for implementing reversible circuits. However QCA, like other Nanotechnologies, suffers from a high fault rate. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a fault tolerant model of QCA circuits by redundancy in hardware and also identifying the faulty module by a proposed Reversible QCA comparator circuit. Triple Module Redundancy (TMR) mechanism is implemented for Reversible QCA circuits to make them more Reliable. Our proposed Comparator and Detector design uses the minimum number of clocking zones and maximizes the circuit density and focuses on a layout of the circuit which is minimal in using QCA cells. QCA Designer ver.2. 0.3 is used for simulation and verifying the design.
The narrative formation of identity revisited: Narrative construction, agency and the unconscious

This article revisits one of the more contentious debates in current studies of narrative: the claim that identities are, in some sense,fabricatedby and in narratives, and the counter-claim that individuals have inherent capacities, such as a dynamic unconscious, that precede or are in excess of any identity-building work that narrative might do. The article approaches this debate via competing theories drawn from sociology and cultural studies, contrasting post-structuralist and Foucauldian theories with a Kleinian cultural analysis of narrative. The theoretical discussion is illustrated via a story told by a young man who apparently had strong investments in heterosexual romance.
Snakes of Zaire and Their Bites

The ophidiological survey made in Zaire revealed the presence of 152 species of snakes included in 60 genera and in 8 families. The family Colubridae contains the largest num­ ber of genera (45) and species (97). Their geographical distribution shows that the eastern part of Kivu region contains a wide variety of species (90 species). The density ofZairean snakes has not yet been known. But in some localities like Kamanyola in the Kivu province, the density is as high as 80 individuals per square kilometer for Ihe vipers. Other area5 like Kinsuka in the vicinity of Kinshasa has as many as 10 species within the same area. Snakes arc found in the forest, the savanna and in the aquatic milieu. Some species are arboreal and others live in the mountain regions. Evolutionary considerations based on the anatomical observations indicate that the equatorial forest of the Northern Zaire contains some of the most ancient and conserva­ tive forms of snakes. Some are considered to be the most evolved and specialized fom1 of snakes in the world. The frequencies of the snake bites at the sanitary sectors are surveyed. According to the epide­ miological data on snake bites, envenomations constitute a serious problem for the public health. \1ortality is 6 to 14.3% (mean 8%) of the total snake bites from 1979 to 1986. Bites are most fre­ quent during the agricultural activities. In the savannaofK ivu, which shows the tropical climate, the bites are recorded in the rainy season. The dangerous snakes have been identified: 79 species (51 o/c) are venomous, including vipers, elapids and opisthoglyphous colubrids which are the most dangerous. The treatment of snake bites to reduce mortality and morbidity is applied ac­ cording to the principles of modem medicine (using antivenom sera) and of the traditional methods (using traditional drugs). The phytotherapy against envenomation is known in Zaire and in many other countries of Africa. Phytochemical screening of these plant drugs is being made for testing their biological activities, and the pharmacological analysis is being carried out for the confirmation of the presence of any anti venomous substance.
Conscientious software

Software needs to grow up and become responsible for itself and its own future by participating in its own installation and customization, maintaining its own health, and adapting itself to new circumstances, new users, and new uses. To create such software will require us to change some of our underlying assumptions about how we write programs. A promising approach seems to be to separate software that does the work (allopoietic)from software that keeps the system alive (autopoietic).
Youth justice back at the crossroads

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a reflection on the current trajectory of youth justice policy. The paper offers fresh insight into the changing face of youth justice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a range of sources, including published journal articles and statistical evidence. In so doing it critically reviews relevant academic literature. Findings – Three critical insights arise from the review. First, there are promising approaches emerging in youth justice organised around the principle of avoiding formal processing of young people where possible; such as, for example, Triage, the Youth Restorative Disposal, Youth Justice Liaison and Diversion schemes, the Swansea Bureau and the Durham Pre-Reprimand Disposal. Thus there is evidence of an emerging consensus, across the domains of policy, practice and legislation which seem to endorse the idea of community-based minimum intervention, supported by principles of offender rehabilitation and restoration. Second, whilst.
An all-to-all broadcast protocol for variable packet sizes using directional antennas

All-to-all broadcast, which means that every node in the network has its own data packet to share among the other nodes, plays a significant role in some applications, such as situation awareness and cooperative engagement. However, current studies in the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) manner mainly focus on the fixed size model, which assumes that all data packets can be successfully transmitted within a time slot. Restricted by the transmission rate and limited lengths of a time slot, this assumption is surely unsuitable for practical applications in which the packet size can be variable. To address this issue, we propose an all-to-all broadcast protocol for variable packet sizes (ABVP), which employs the multi-beam adaptive array (MBAA) as well as two redundant transmission eliminating mechanisms. The simulation results show that, compared with the existing packet scheduling algorithm the Delay Aware scheduling (DAS), the proposed protocol can make an effective schedule for variable packet sizes which diminishes the delay to at most 60% for accomplishing all-to-all broadcast.
Extra-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presenting as an Anterior Chest Wall Mass

A 71-year-old man was referred for an anterior chest wall mass. Chest computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT suggested a malignant tumor. Surgical biopsy through a vertical subxiphoid incision revealed an extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST). En bloc resection of the tumor, including partial resection of the sternum, costal cartilage, pericardium, diaphragm, and peritoneum, was performed. Pathologic evaluation revealed a negative resection margin and confirmed the tumor as an EGIST. On postoperative day 17, the patient was discharged without any complications. At the 2-week follow-up, the patient was doing well and was asymptomatic.
The invisible mouth: mobilizing the consumer in food production-consumption networks

The distanciation of production–consumption relationships in space and time, and the historically productivist bias of social theory, have contributed to the development of sociologies of food production and consumption as largely unrelated academic discourses. Production–based agri–food studies have tended to treat consumption as either a domain of social practice distinct from, but determined by, production, or as a source of 'demands' that producers must compete among themselves to meet. Both perspectives fail to deal either with the complexity of food consumption practices or their relationships with practices of food provision. One solution to this problem—informed by actor–network theory and commodity systems analysis—has been the examination of specific commodity chains, or networks, and the material and symbolic transformations that substances undergo as they move from the point of production to the point of ingestion. However, as a number of studies have found, simply adding the hitherto neglected activity of consumption to the end of the commodity chain has proved difficult; this method ultimately favoring the analysis of relatively small chains for niche and specialty foods for which specific actors may unproblematically be identified. This paper argues that while the conceptualization of production–consumption in terms of actor–networks is itself robust, the methodological injunction to simply follow actors through networks is problematic. Additional conceptual and methodological tools are needed that allow an examination of the ways in which actors seek to render others knowable and governable 'at a distance'; that is, to order diffuse and complex networks. In much the same way, for example, that the point of production has become increasingly invisible to the consumers of industrially produced foods, so too are those ingesting food potentially invisible to its producers. 'The consumer' is, however, made knowable and governable through the application of technologies including market research, survey data and point of sale record keeping. Investigation of the ways in which 'the consumer' is made knowable within rapidly extending organic food networks illustrates the ways in which ensuing discourses of 'consumer demand' are deployed to mobilize actors at multiple points within each network—including the point of ingestion from which this demand is purported to flow.
Design of a Novel Bimanual Robotic System for Single-Port Laparoscopy

This paper presents the design and fabrication of Single-Port lapaRoscopy bImaNual roboT (SPRINT), a novel teleoperated robotic system for minimally invasive surgery. SPRINT, specifically designed for single-port laparoscopy, is a high-dexterity miniature robot, able to reproduce the movement of the hands of the surgeon, who controls the system through a master interface. It comprises two arms with six degrees of freedom (DOFs) that can be individually inserted and removed in a 30-mm-diameter umbilical access port. The system is designed to leave a central lumen free during operations, thus allowing the insertion of other laparoscopic tools. The four distal DOFs of each arm are actuated by on-board brushless dc motors, while the two proximal DOFs of the shoulder are actuated by external motors. The constraints generated by maximum size and power requirements led to the design of compact mechanisms for the actuation of the joints. The wrist is actuated by three motors hosted in the forearm, with a peculiar differential mechanism that allows us to have intersecting roll-pitch-roll axes. Preliminary tests and validations were performed ex vivo by surgeons on a first prototype of the system.
Heat Shock Response Modulators as Therapeutic Tools for Diseases of Protein Conformation*

The disruption of protein folding quality control results in the accumulation of a non-native protein species that can form oligomers, aggregates, and inclusions indicative of neurodegenerative disease. Likewise for over 100 other human diseases of protein confirmation, a common feature may be the formation of off-pathway folding intermediates that are unstable, self-associate, and with time lead to a chronic imbalance in protein homeostasis with deleterious consequences on cellular function. This has led to a hypothesis that enhancement of components of the cellular quality control machinery, specifically the levels and activities of molecular chaperones, suppress aggregation and toxicity phenotypes to allow cellular function to be restored. This review addresses the regulation of molecular chaperones and components of protein homeostasis by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), the master stress-inducible regulator, and our current understanding of pharmacologically active small molecule regulators of the heat shock response as a therapeutic strategy for protein conformational diseases.
The Temporal Structure of Vertical Arm Movements

The present study investigates how the CNS deals with the omnipresent force of gravity during arm motor planning. Previous studies have reported direction-dependent kinematic differences in the vertical plane; notably, acceleration duration was greater during a downward than an upward arm movement. Although the analysis of acceleration and deceleration phases has permitted to explore the integration of gravity force, further investigation is necessary to conclude whether feedforward or feedback control processes are at the origin of this incorporation. We considered that a more detailed analysis of the temporal features of vertical arm movements could provide additional information about gravity force integration into the motor planning. Eight subjects performed single joint vertical arm movements (45° rotation around the shoulder joint) in two opposite directions (upwards and downwards) and at three different speeds (slow, natural and fast). We calculated different parameters of hand acceleration profiles: movement duration (MD), duration to peak acceleration (D PA), duration from peak acceleration to peak velocity (D PA-PV), duration from peak velocity to peak deceleration (D PV-PD), duration from peak deceleration to the movement end (D PD-End), acceleration duration (AD), deceleration duration (DD), peak acceleration (PA), peak velocity (PV), and peak deceleration (PD). While movement durations and amplitudes were similar for upward and downward movements, the temporal structure of acceleration profiles differed between the two directions. More specifically, subjects performed upward movements faster than downward movements; these direction-dependent asymmetries appeared early in the movement (i.e., before PA) and lasted until the moment of PD. Additionally, PA and PV were greater for upward than downward movements. Movement speed also changed the temporal structure of acceleration profiles. The effect of speed and direction on the form of acceleration profiles is consistent with the premise that the CNS optimises motor commands with respect to both gravitational and inertial constraints.