Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ser649 and Ser650 Are the Major Determinants of Protein Kinase A-Mediated Activation of Human Hormone-Sensitive Lipase against Lipid Substrates

Background Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a key enzyme in the mobilization of fatty acids from stored triacylglycerols. Its activity is regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation. In rat HSL Ser563, Ser659 and Ser660 have been shown to be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) in vitro as well as in vivo. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we employed site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro phosphorylation and mass spectrometry to show that in vitro phosphorylation of human HSL by PKA occurs primarily on Ser649 and Ser650 (Ser659 and Ser660 in rat HSL). The wild type enzyme and four mutants were expressed in C-terminally His-tagged form in Sf9 insect cells and purified to homogeneity. HSL variants in which Ser552 and/or Ser554 were mutated to Ala or Glu retained both lipolytic and non-lipolytic activity and were phosphorylated by PKA and activated to a similar extent as the wild type enzyme. 32P-labeling studies revealed that the bulk of the phosphorylation was on the Ser649/Ser650 site, with only a minor phosphorylation of Ser552 and Ser554. MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the peptide containing Ser649 and Ser650 was primarily phosphorylated on Ser650. The mutant lacking all four serines had severely reduced lipolytic activity, but a lesser reduction in non-lipolytic activity, had S0.5 values for p-nitrophenol butyrate and triolein comparable to those of wild type HSL and was not phosphorylated by PKA. PKA phosphorylation of the wild type enzyme resulted in an increase in both the maximum turnover and S0,5 using the TO substrate. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that PKA activates human HSL against lipid substrates in vitro primarily through phosphorylation of Ser649 and Ser650. In addition the results suggest that Ser649 and Ser650 are located in the vicinity of a lipid binding region and that PKA phosphorylation controls the accessibility of this region.
Dynamic feature selection for detecting Parkinson's disease through voice signal

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disorder of the central nervous system and about 89% of the people with PD suffering from speech and voice disorders. In this paper, we adopted a dynamic feature selection based on fuzzy entropy measures for speech pattern classification of Parkinson's diseases. To investigate the effect of feature selection, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was applied to distinguish voice samples between PD patients and health people. The data set of this research is composed of voice signals from 40 people, 20 with Parkinson's disease and 20 health people. The results show that various voice samples need different feature selection. We applied dynamic feature selection can get higher rate of classification accuracy than all features selected.
Scalable near real-time failure localization of data center networks

Large-scale data center networks are complex---comprising several thousand network devices and several hundred thousand links---and form the critical infrastructure upon which all higher-level services depend on. Despite the built-in redundancy in data center networks, performance issues and device or link failures in the network can lead to user-perceived service interruptions. Therefore, determining and localizing user-impacting availability and performance issues in the network in near real time is crucial. Traditionally, both passive and active monitoring approaches have been used for failure localization. However, data from passive monitoring is often too noisy and does not effectively capture silent or gray failures, whereas active monitoring is potent in detecting faults but limited in its ability to isolate the exact fault location depending on its scale and granularity. Our key idea is to use statistical data mining techniques on large-scale active monitoring data to determine a ranked list of suspect causes, which we refine with passive monitoring signals. In particular, we compute a failure probability for devices and links in near real time using data from active monitoring, and look for statistically significant increases in the failure probability. We also correlate the probabilistic output with other failure signals from passive monitoring to increase the confidence of the probabilistic analysis. We have implemented our approach in the Windows Azure production environment and have validated its effectiveness in terms of localization accuracy, precision, and time to localization using known network incidents over the past three months. The correlated ranked list of devices and links is surfaced as a report that is used by network operators to investigate current issues and identify probable root causes.
Framing Moral Evaluations: Moral Foundations in U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Mosque Controversies

FRAMING MORAL EVALUATIONS: MORAL FOUNDATIONS IN U.S. NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF MOSQUE CONTROVERSIES By Brian J. Bowe In recent years, attempts by Muslims all across the U.S. to build worship spaces have been met with opposition. Some opponents questioned whether Islam should be considered a religion afforded all the protections of the First Amendment, or whether it is a sinister ideology that posed a threat to American values and should therefore be opposed. Supporters, on the other hand, argued that protecting the rights of Muslims to worship freely is a validation of important American principles. This debate played out in news coverage of the issue. This dissertation examines the discourse in the debate through a framing analysis of news articles and editorials (n=349) from five U.S. newspapers between 2010 and 2013. Framing is the selection and emphasis of certain problem definitions, causal attributions, moral evaluations, and treatment recommendations in discussion of an issue. This research makes a contribution to framing theory by using Moral Foundations Theory to improve the operationalization of the moral evaluation dimension of framing. A cluster analysis of moral foundations was conducted, which four moral foundation profiles, all of which were strongly rooted in socially binding moral foundations. Those moral foundation variables were subsequently incorporated into a full framing analysis. A cluster analysis of all the framing components revealed five frames: Local Regulation, Political Debate, Muslim Neighbors, Islamic Threat, and Legal Authority. A subsequent qualitative analysis validated that these five frames encompassed the bulk of the debate.
Complexity and Heterogeneity: What Drives the Ever‐changing Brain in Huntington's Disease?

Significant advances are being made in our understanding of basic pathophyiological and biochemical mechanisms that cause Huntington's disease (HD). There is increasing reason to believe that pathologic alterations occur in the brain for years before symptoms manifest. The “classic” hallmark of neuropathology in HD is selective neurodegeneration in which vulnerable populations of neurons degenerate while less vulnerable populations are spared. While the earliest and most striking neuropathologic changes have been found in the neostriatum, neuronal loss has been identified in many other regions of the brain. We report topologically selective, early, and progressive changes in the cortex, striatum, extrastriatal brain structures, and white matter throughout the spectrum of disease. Our growing understanding of HD underscores the reality that points to the complexity of HD. A single, well‐defined, genetic mutation causes a cascade of events whose final result is an aggregate insult of the homeostatic process. We explore possible explanations for the selective vulnerability of the brain in HD. The ultimate goal in HD is to develop disease‐modifying therapies that will prevent the onset of clinical symptoms in those individuals who are at risk and slow the progression of symptoms in those individuals already affected with symptoms. Understanding changes in brain morphometry and their relationship to clinical symptoms may provide important and new insights into basic pathophysiological mechanisms at play in the disease.
“ Investor Skittishness ”

We employ an overlapping generations model of a financial market to demonstrate that, in equilibrium, investors can become skittish in that they appear to overreact to earnings news during some stretches of time. In an equilibrium with investor skittishness, price deviates from steady state equilibrium price and can be highly volatile relative to a steady state equilibrium price. In addition, price levels are, on average, higher than steady state price levels and can revert back to near steady state prices only if subsequent earnings news is bad. Our findings suggest that observed price volatility can vary significantly over time, with episodes of excessive volatility, even though fundamentals exhibit constant volatility. In addition, observed price to earnings relations can be quite unstable even though fundamentals (earnings and interest rates) are stable.
Vocabulary learning at primary school: a comparison of EFL and CLIL

Comparative studies in content and language integrated learning (CLIL) often show CLIL students to be at something of an advantage over their non-CLIL peers. However, such studies are often difficult to interpret given problems of cross-group comparability (different schooling systems, different number of instructional hours, bias attributable to selection/self-selection, etc.). This study focuses on a single group of schoolchildren (n = 22), aged eight years old, that were exposed to English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction in the fall term and to CLIL instruction (Science) in the winter term. The main objectives are to analyze the vocabulary of the class materials and to examine gains in productive lexical knowledge. Our results show that students were exposed to a greater number of words and to more abstract and technical vocabulary in the CLIL materials, but that they made significant progress in vocabulary learning in both contexts. The study also reveals that learning English through Science proved to be a more challenging experience than learning English in the EFL class.
High-resolution mass spectrometry for detecting Acetylcholine in Arabidopsis

Acetylcholine (ACh) was first identified a century ago, and has long been known as a neurotransmitter in animals. However, it has been shown recently that the occurrence of ACh is widespread among various non-animal species including higher plants. Although previous reports suggest that various plant species are capable of responding to exogenously applied ACh, the molecular basis for ACh biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms mediated by endogenous ACh are largely unclear. This is partly because of the lack of conclusive data on the occurrence and the tissue specificity of ACh in plants. To this end, we performed various analyses including liquid chromatography electro-chemical detection (LC-ECD), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The results, together with electrospray ionization-orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-orbitrap FT-MS) analysis provide strong evidence that ACh exists in Arabidopsis thaliana tissues. The results also showed that the level of ACh is highest in seed, followed by root and cotyledon. Moreover, exogenously applied ACh inhibited the elongation of Arabidopsis root hairs. These results collectively indicate that ACh exists primarily in seed and root in Arabidopsis seedlings, and plays a pivotal role during the initial stages of seedling development by controlling root hair elongation in Arabidopsis.
The acquisition of sentences by three years old children

This study investigates how the three year old children acquire sentences. It is language acquisition study because it investigates the Acquisition of Sentence by children naturally in daily conversation. In the study the writer rises two research problems : 1) What sentences do the children acquire and which is dominant ? 2) How do the children use sentences to response adult conversations. The analysis strategy is used natural setting. The first is to group sentences into declarative, imperative, negative, interrogative and exclamation sentences. The second one is grouping sentences into active and passive voice and the third one is grouping into simple, compound and complex sentences. The finding showed that : firstly, children at the age of three years old are able to acquire all kinds of sentences. They are declarative, imperative, negative. interrogative, exclamation, active voice, passive voice, simple, complex, compound, indirect speech, indirect, indirect object sentence. They use declarative, active and simple sentences dominantly in the conversations. Secondly, they response adult conversation spontaneously.
Rise of the East: The Maritime Dimension

Abstract Celebrating the “rise of the East” after a 500-year interregnum, the author investigates the reasons why Europe surged forward through the Renaissance, followed by the industrial revolution, while this part of the world stood relatively still. Domination of the seas by European nations was, no doubt, a crucial factor that laid the foundations of their prosperity. A hoary maritime tradition and shipbuilding as well as seafaring skills notwithstanding, Asian nations failed to exploit the seas to their benefit for want of enterprise and ambition. The wheel having come full circle in the 21st century, the author sounds a note of caution as Asian nations, fortunes on the ascendant, stand on the threshold of a naval arms race. He counsels cooperation rather than conflict, and suggests that seas would have an important role to play in fostering peace and friendship.
Integración tecnológica y financiera de Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas: hacia una nueva política de industrialización en México

Este documento analiza algunas de las principales brechas tecnologicas y de financiamiento de las Pequenas y Medianas Empresas (PYMES) en Mexico, y discute los retos que estas brechas implican para el diseno de una nueva politica nacional de industrializacion. Primero, se discute la importancia economica de las PYMES como principales generadoras de empleo en Mexico, y del sector de la manufactura como el impulsor central de la productividad nacional y la innovacion tecnologica. En cuanto a las brechas tecnologicas, se hace enfasis en la escasa participacion de las PYMES en Mexico en la produccion de bienes de capital y la dependencia tecnologica que este hecho supone. Con respecto a las brechas financieras, se discute la situacion de vulnerabilidad financiera de las PYMES, lo cual se manifiesta en una alta y creciente proporcion de PYMES que no utilizan el credito bancario en Mexico (mas de tres cuartos del total en los ultimos anos). Tomando en cuenta lo anterior, el articulo enfatiza la necesidad de incorporar, como parte de una nueva politica industrial, medidas para fortalecer el ecosistema productivo-financiero nacional. Para ello, el articulo sostiene que es necesario caracterizar las PYMES no solo en cuanto a la distribucion sectorial sino tambien en cuanto a su posicion en la cadena de valor productiva. Asimismo, el articulo plantea la necesidad de una estructura y funcionamiento alternativos de la banca de desarrollo, considerando la factibilidad de una politica monetaria dual y de los llamados “Cajones especiales de credito”. This paper explores some of the main technological and financing gaps faced by SMEs in Mexico, and discusses the implications of such gaps for the design of a new industrial policy. The paper first discusses the economic importance of SMEs in Mexico as the main supporters of employment, and that of the manufacturing industry as the main driver of productivity growth and technological innovation. With regard to technological gaps, the paper emphasizes the scarce participation of Mexicans SMEs in the production of capital goods and the dependency on foreign suppliers that this implies. With regard to financing gaps, the paper presents evidence of the increasing proportion of SMEs that do not access bank loans (over three quarters of the total in recent years). Taking this into account, the paper argues for the need to incorporate, as part of a new industrial policy in Mexico, measures to strengthen the national productive-finance ecosystem. In order to do this, the paper argues for the need to characterize SMEs not only in terms of their sectoral distribution but also in terms of their position in the value chain. Furthermore, the paper argues for the need of an alternative structure and functioning of the country’s development banking system, considering the feasibility of a dual monetary policy and the selective credit mechanisms commonly referred to as “Cajones especiales de credito”.
Lifetime Prevalence and Projected Lifetime Risk of DSM-IV Disorders in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey

Objective: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and projected lifetime risk at age 75 years of DSM-IV disorders in New Zealand. Method: A nationwide face-to-face household survey carried out in 2003–2004. A fully structured diagnostic interview, the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), was used. There were 12 992 completed interviews from participants aged 16 years and over. The overall response rate was 73.3%. In this paper, the outcomes reported are lifetime prevalence and projected lifetime risk at age 75 years. Results: The lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 39.5%. The lifetime prevalences for disorder groups were: anxiety disorders, 24.9%; mood disorders, 20.2%; substance use disorders, 12.3%; and eating disorders, 1.7%. The prevalences for all disorders were higher in the younger age groups. Females had higher prevalences of anxiety, mood and eating disorders compared with males; males had higher prevalences of substance use disorders. The estimated projected lifetime risk of any disorder at age 75 years was 46.6% with the median age of onset being 18 years. Adjustment for age, sex, education and household income did not remove all differences between Māori and the composite other ethnic group in the risk of disorder (hazard ratio = 1.1–1.4). After adjustment, hazard ratios for Pacific people ranged from 0.8 to 2.5. Conclusions: These results confirm those of other studies: mental disorders are relatively common and tend to have early onset. Females are more likely to experience anxiety, mood and eating disorders than males, who experience more substance use disorders. Adjustment for socioeconomic factors and demography does not explain all ethnic differences, although remaining differences are small relative to cohort and even sex differences.
Inhibition of Caspases Prevents Ototoxic and Ongoing Hair Cell Death

Sensory hair cells die after acoustic trauma or ototoxic insults, but the signal transduction pathways that mediate hair cell death are not known. Here we identify several important signaling events that regulate the death of vestibular hair cells. Chick utricles were cultured in media supplemented with the ototoxic antibiotic neomycin and selected pharmacological agents that influence signaling molecules in cell death pathways. Hair cells that were treated with neomycin exhibited classically defined apoptotic morphologies such as condensed nuclei and fragmented DNA. Inhibition of protein synthesis (via treatment with cycloheximide) increased hair cell survival after treatment with neomycin, suggesting that hair cell death requiresde novo protein synthesis. Finally, the inhibition of caspases promoted hair cell survival after neomycin treatment. Sensory hair cells in avian vestibular organs also undergo continual cell death and replacement throughout mature life. It is unclear whether the loss of hair cells stimulates the proliferation of supporting cells or whether the production of new cells triggers the death of hair cells. We examined the effects of caspase inhibition on spontaneous hair cell death in the chick utricle. Caspase inhibitors reduced the amount of ongoing hair cell death and ongoing supporting cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In isolated sensory epithelia, however, caspase inhibitors did not affect supporting cell proliferation directly. Our data indicate that ongoing hair cell death stimulates supporting cell proliferation in the mature utricle.
Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Hormones in Breast Milk: A Systematic Review

Background Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) is positively associated with infant obesity risk. Breast milk contains a number of hormones that may influence infant metabolism during the neonatal period; these may have additional downstream effects on infant appetite regulatory pathways, thereby influencing propensity towards obesity in later life. Objective To conduct a systematic review of studies examining the association between maternal BMI and the concentration of appetite-regulating hormones in breast milk. Method Pubmed was searched for studies reporting the association between maternal BMI and leptin, adiponectin, insulin, ghrelin, resistin, obestatin, Peptide YY and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in breast milk. Results Twenty six studies were identified and included in the systematic review. There was a high degree of variability between studies with regard to collection, preparation and analysis of breast milk samples. Eleven of fifteen studies reporting breast milk leptin found a positive association between maternal BMI and milk leptin concentration. Two of nine studies investigating adiponectin found an association between maternal BMI and breast milk adiponectin concentration; however significance was lost in one study following adjustment for time post-partum. No association was seen between maternal BMI and milk adiponectin in the other seven studies identified. Evidence for an association between other appetite regulating hormones and maternal BMI was either inconclusive, or lacking. Conclusions A positive association between maternal BMI and breast milk leptin concentration is consistently found in most studies, despite variable methodology. Evidence for such an association with breast milk adiponectin concentration, however, is lacking with additional research needed for other hormones including insulin, ghrelin, resistin, obestatin, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1. As most current studies have been conducted with small sample sizes, future studies should ensure adequate sample sizes and standardized methodology.