Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cascaded Partial Decoder for Fast and Accurate Salient Object Detection

Existing state-of-the-art salient object detection networks rely on aggregating multi-level features of pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, compared to high-level features, low-level features contribute less to performance. Meanwhile, they raise more computational cost because of their larger spatial resolutions. In this paper, we propose a novel Cascaded Partial Decoder (CPD) framework for fast and accurate salient object detection. On the one hand, the framework constructs partial decoder which discards larger resolution features of shallow layers for acceleration. On the other hand, we observe that integrating features of deep layers will obtain relatively precise saliency map. Therefore we directly utilize generated saliency map to recurrently optimize features of deep layers. This strategy efficiently suppresses distractors in the features and significantly improves their representation ability. Experiments conducted on five benchmark datasets exhibit that the proposed model not only achieves state-of-the-art but also runs much faster than existing models. Besides, we apply the proposed framework to optimize existing multi-level feature aggregation models and significantly improve their efficiency and accuracy.
The positivity of the Lyapunov exponent and the absence of the absolutely continuous spectrum for the almost‐Mathieu equation

This paper contains the rigorous proof of the formulated by Andre and Aubry following statement: the Cauchy solutions of the discrete Schrodinger equation with the potential qn=g cos(2πnθ+φ) grow exponentially for every irrational θ, g>1 and almost every φe[0,2π). According to known this fact implies the absence of the absolutely continuous component of the spectrum for the corresponding operator.
Momentum Images of Continuum Electrons from He + and He 2 + on He: Ubiquity of π Structure in the Continuum

Cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy has been used to image the momentum distributions of continuum electrons liberated in the impact of slow ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{2+}$ ions on He. The distributions were measured for fully determined vector impact parameter. The spectra show that the electron momenta lie mainly in the collision plane and display a structure which strongly suggests that it is $\ensuremath{\pi}$ states which are dominantly promoted into the continuum in such collisions, but that interfering $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and perhaps $\ensuremath{\delta}$ amplitudes are also important.
Segment-Less Continuous Speech Separation of Meetings: Training and Evaluation Criteria

Continuous Speech Separation (CSS) has been proposed to address speech overlaps during the analysis of realistic meeting-like conversations by eliminating any overlaps before further processing. CSS separates a recording of arbitrarily many speakers into a small number of overlap-free output channels, where each output channel may contain speech of multiple speakers. Often, a separation model is trained with Utterance-level Permutation Invariant Training (uPIT), which exclusively maps a speaker to an output channel, and applied in a sliding window approach called stitching. Recently, we introduced an alternative training scheme called Graph-PIT that teaches the separator to produce a speaker-shared output channel format without stitching. It can handle an arbitrary number of speakers as long as the number of overlapping speakers is never larger than the number of output channels. Models trained in this way are able to perform segment-less CSS, i.e., without stitching, and achieve comparable and often better separation quality than the conventional CSS with uPIT and stitching. In this contribution, we further investigate the Graph-PIT training scheme. We show in extended experiments that Graph-PIT also works in challenging reverberant conditions. We simplify the training schedule for Graph-PIT with the recently proposed Source Aggregated Signal-to-Distortion Ratio (SA-SDR) loss, which eliminates unfavorable properties of the previously used A-SDR loss to enable training with Graph-PIT from scratch. Furthermore, we introduce novel signal-level evaluation metrics for meeting scenarios, namely the source-aggregated scale- and convolution-invariant Signal-to-Distortion Ratio (SA-SI-SDR and SA-CI-SDR), which are generalizations of the commonly used SDR-based metrics for the CSS case.
Chytrid prevalence and infection intensity in treefrogs from three environments with different degrees of conservation in Mexico

Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been related to rapid population declines and extinction in amphibians around the world. Bd has been associated with a severe decline in amphibian populations in southern Mexico. We compare the prevalence and intensity of Bd infection in two tree frogs in southern Mexico with similar life habits (Plectrohyla matudai and Ptychohyla euthysanota), inquiring if they differ across habitat types with different degrees of disturbance: preserved cloud forest, secondary cloud forest and anthropized riparian vegetation, and across three seasons. We examine the relationship between infection prevalence and intensity with biotic and abiotic variables. Infection prevalence differed between the two species, but not among environments, despite their similar life habits. Among seasons, prevalence decreased significantly at the end of the rainy season. There was no indication of significant changes in infection intensity between species, environments, and seasons. Moreover, the interaction among extrinsic factors (canopy cover, temperature, relative humidity) and factors intrinsic factors (body condition) explains the dynamics of Bd infection in the region. In our sample, we found no disease‐affected individuals, which may indicate that both species are resistant to the effects of the pathogen under field conditions. Finally, our results found no evidence to indicate that open canopies and anthropized habitats of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas are a refuge that prevents high prevalence or infection of Bd in stream breeders' amphibians.
A Miniaturized Active Dual SIW Re-Entrant Resonators for High-Resolution and Ultra-low-Limit-Concentration Detection to Glucose Solutions

Two passive re-entrant cavity resonators (RECRs) in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) configuration are vertically stacked to implement a miniaturized dual RECRs sensor. Only one negative resistance circuit (NRC) is innovatively proposed to be connected with these two RECRs in the common stacked metal layer between them and implement an active dual RECRs sensor, and the corresponding equivalent lumped circuit mode is proposed to analyze the dielectric sensing characteristics. Then, the compensated power obtained from the NRC is simultaneously fed into these two RECRs embedded with two microfluidics, and the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-factor of either of these two RECRs can be greatly enhanced by simply changing the bias voltages of the transistor and varactor in the NRC. Finally, the active sensor is utilized to perform high-resolution detection to glucose solutions in high concentration range from 100 to 1000 mmol/L and low concentration range from 1 to 50 mmol/L. By gradually approximating the resonant frequency self-shift noise <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta f_{\mathrm {Aself}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta f_{\mathrm {Bself}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the active RECR-A (RECR-B) by the resonant frequency shift <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta f_{\mathrm {s}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> determined by glucose solutions, minimum detectable glucose concentration of 1 mmol/L is experimentally achieved. The linear relationship between the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta f_{\mathrm {s}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the glucose concentration is experimentally demonstrated, and shows good potential for glucose sensing.
Investigation of dielectric and magnetic properties of AL-800 ferrite

Ferrites are usually used in accelerators for tuning radiofrequency (RF) cavities and in nonreciprocal devices controlling the power flow in RF accelerating systems. The conventional parallel‐biased Ni Zn ferrites employed for varying the frequency of accelerating cavities have the disadvantage of high saturation magnetization (4πMs). Application of the transversely biased yttrium iron garnet (YIG) material in RF tuners promises a significant reduction of power loss compared with systems that use the longitudinal bias. To inject the beam and extract the beam out of the CERN accelerator rings the fast kicker magnets made from ferrite materials must be used. Power deposition in the kicker magnets can be a limitation: if the temperature of the ferrite yoke exceeds the Curie temperature, the beam will not be properly deflected. Investigation of the ferrite electromagnetic properties of materials up to the GHz frequency range is essential for a correct impedance evaluation. This report summarizes an approach for deriving electromagnetic properties as a function of both frequency and temperature of the AL-800 garnet material. This information will be useful for simulating ferrite behaviour under realistic operating conditions.
Fusion of Object Tracking and Dynamic Occupancy Grid Map

Environment modeling in autonomous driving is realized by two fundamental approaches, grid-based and feature-based approach. Both methods interpret the environment differently and show some situation-dependent beneficial realizations. In order to use the advantages of both methods, a combination makes sense. This work presents a fusion, which establishes an association between the representations of environment modeling and then decoupled from this performs a fusion of the information. Thus, there is no need to adapt the environment models. The developed fusion generates new hypotheses, which are closer to reality than a representation alone. This algorithm itself does not use object model assumptions, in effect this fusion can be applied to different object hypotheses. In addition, this combination allows the objects to be tracked over a longer period of time. This is evaluated with a quantitative evaluation on real sequences in real-time.
Ensemble Approach with Hyperparameter Tuning for Credit Worthiness Prediction

Data mining algorithms has a wide application in banking domain. Classification algorithms are the one of the popularly used algorithms in the banking sector. One of the major applications of classification algorithms in banking sector is predicting the credit worthiness of the borrower. In this research the dataset is taken from prowessIQ and the dataset is highly imbalanced. The researchers have used data sampling techniques to balance the data. Our approach is to use the ensemble classifiers which are performing pretty well even on unbalanced datasets. Three ensemble techniques are studied in this paper namely Random Forest (RF), XGB and LGBM classifiers. Hyper parameter tuning is done to improve the accuracy of the model. With best possible hyperparameters RF has given an accuracy of 90.2%, XGB has given an accuracy of 92.7% and LGBM has given an accuracy of 92.9%. LGBM has better classified borrowers as worthy and non-worthy even when the dataset is unbalanced.
Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Narrative Review and Establishment of a Sustainable Program

The rates of survival with functional recovery for out of hospital cardiac arrest remain unacceptably low. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) quickly resolves the low-flow state of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) providing valuable perfusion to end organs. Observational studies have shown an association with the use of ECPR and improved survivability. Two recent randomized controlled studies have demonstrated improved survival with functional neurologic recovery when compared to CCPR. Substantial resources and coordination amongst different specialties and departments are crucial for the successful implementation of ECPR. Standardized protocols, simulation based training, and constant communication are invaluable to the sustainability of a program. Currently there is no standardized protocol for the post-cannulation management of these ECPR patients and, ideally, upcoming studies should aim to evaluate these protocols.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Metasurface Antennas by Shifting and Reshaping High-Order Mode

In this letter, a new bandwidth enhancement method for metasurface antennas (MAs) is proposed, by shifting the distant resonant frequency closer and reshaping the distorted radiation pattern of a high-order mode (HOM). A dominant mode (DM) and a far-separated HOM of the MA are excited simultaneously by a half-square loop. By scaling the central, corner, and edge patches with nonuniform factors while hardly affecting the DM, the HOM is shifted to merge the DM under the guidance of the characteristic mode analysis. Moreover, in order to improve the current distribution, the distorted radiation patterns as well as the gain flatness under the HOM without affecting the DM, the U-shaped slots with a band-notch characteristic are introduced on the central patches. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results are coincidental with the simulated ones. The results also show that the proposed antenna has a 10 dB return loss of 35.8% (4.34–6.23 GHz) and an in-band gain of 6.8−11.3 dBi with a single-layer structure and low profile of 0.06 λ0 (the free-space wavelength at the center frequency).
Weak turbulence of Kelvin waves in superfluid He

The physics of small-scale quantum turbulence in superfluids is essentially based on knowledge of the energy spectrum of Kelvin waves, Ek. Here we derive a new type of kinetic equation for Kelvin waves on quantized vortex filaments with random large-scale curvature which describes a step-by-step energy cascade over scales resulting from five-wave interactions. This approach replaces the earlier six-wave theory, which has recently been shown to be inconsistent owing to nonlocalization Solving the four-wave kinetic equation, we found a new local spectrum with a universal (curvature-independent) exponent, Ek∝k−5∕3, which must replace the nonlocal spectrum of the six-wave theory, Ek∝k−7∕5 in any future theory, e.g., when determining the quantum turbulence decay rate, found by Kosik and Svistunov under an incorrect assumption of locality of energy transfer in six-wave interactions.
TinyStat: A Miniaturised Potentiostat for Portable Electrochemical Measurements

Technological advancements in the fabrication of smaller and more efficient electronic components have enabled minituarisation of measurement devices that were once confined to benchtop applications. There is now a unique opportunity to create devices that could even be wearable for remote, continuous monitoring of chemical processes within the human body. One such measurement device that can dynamically measures chemicals using electrochemical analysis techniques is the potentiostat. Previous attempts to miniturise the potentiostat have been made, however, most use discrete components for their analog-front ends, which can increase noise, variability and manufacturing complexity. This paper presents a new miniturised potentiostat device called TinyStat, of size $20\text{mm} (\mathrm{W}) \times 10\text{mm}(\mathrm{H})$, with the ability to conduct cyclic voltammetry measurements in a ferrocene methanol solution. Electrical measurements of TinyStat were also measured against a benchtop potentiostat, resulting in a voltage accuracy within +/−0.6 mV and current accuracy within +/− 2.5 nA. The presented potentiostat device forms the first stage of a potentiostat device with the end goal of being a wireless, low-cost neurochemical sensing device to continuously monitor neurological conditions.
Magnetic Field Conditions Upstream of Ganymede

Jupiter's magnetic field is tilted by ∼10° with respect to the planet's spin axis, and as a result the Jovian plasma sheet passes over the Galilean satellites at the jovigraphic equator twice per planetary rotation period. The plasma and magnetic field conditions near Ganymede's magnetosphere therefore change dramatically every ∼5 hr, creating a unique magnetosphere‐magnetosphere interaction, and on longer time scales as evidenced by orbit‐to‐orbit variations. In this paper, we summarize the typical magnetic field conditions and their variability near Ganymede's orbit as observed by the Galileo and Juno spacecraft. We fit Juno data from orbit 34, which included the spacecraft's close Ganymede flyby in June 2021, to a current sheet model and show that the magnetospheric conditions during orbit 34 were very close to the historical average. Our results allow us to infer the upstream conditions at the time of the Juno Ganymede flyby.
Validation of Kinetic Stem Cell (KSC) counting algorithms for rapid quantification of human hematopoietic stem cells

Specific quantification of therapeutic tissue stem cells (TSCs) is a major challenge. We recently described a computational simulation method for accurate and specific counting of TSCs. The method quantifies TSCs based on their unique asymmetric cell kinetics, which is rate-limiting for TSCs’ production of transiently-amplifying lineage-committed cells and terminally arrested cells during serial cell culture. Because of this basis, the new method is called kinetic stem cell (KSC) counting. Here, we report further validations of the specificity and clinical utility of KSC counting. First, we demonstrate its quantification of the expected increase in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fraction of CD34+-selected preparations of human-mobilized peripheral blood cells, an approved treatment product routinely used for HSC transplantation therapies. Previously, we also used the KSC counting technology to define new mathematical algorithms with the potential for rapid determination of TSC-specific fractions without the need for serial culture. A second important HSC transplantation treatment, CD34+-selected umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells, was used to investigate this prediction. We show that, with an input of only simple population doubling time (PDT) data, the KSC counting-derived “Rabbit algorithms” can be used to rapidly determine the specific HSC fraction of CD34+-selected UCB cell preparations with a high degree of statistical confidence. The algorithms define the stem cell fraction half-life (SCFHL), a new parameter that projects stem cell numbers during expansion culture. These findings further validate KSC counting’s potential to meet the long-standing unmet need for a method to determine stem cell-specific dosage in stem cell medicine.
Kinetics of Carotenoids Degradation during the Storage of Encapsulated Carrot Waste Extracts

The encapsulates of carrot waste oil extract improved the antioxidant properties of durum wheat pasta. The aim of this research was to study the kinetics of carotenoids degradation in the freeze-dried (FDE) and spray-dried (SDE) encapsulates of carrot waste extract during storage at four different temperatures (+4, +21.3, +30, +37 °C) up to 413 days by HPLC. Carotenoids levels decreased as a function of time and temperature, following zero-order kinetics. At 4 °C carotenes were stable for at least 413 days, but their half-lives decreased with increasing temperatures: 8–12 months at 21 °C; 3–4 months at 30 °C; and 1.5–2 months at 37 °C. The freeze-drying technique was more effective against carotenes degradation. An initial lag-time with no or very limited carotenes degradation was observed: from one week at 37 °C up to 3 months (SDE) or more (FDE) at 21 °C. The activation energies (Ea) varied between 66.6 and 79.5 kJ/mol, and Ea values tended to be higher in FDE than in SDE.
Heteroepitaxy of single-crystal LaLuO3 on GaAs(111)A by atomic layer deposition

We demonstrate that LaLuO3 films can be grown epitaxially on sulfur-passivated GaAs(111)A substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the oxide film exhibits a cubic structure with a lattice mismatch of −3.8% relative to GaAs. The epitaxial layer has a high degree of crystalline perfection and is relaxed. Electrical characterizations performed on this structure show interfaces with a low interface state density of ∼7×1011 cm−2 eV−1. The measured dielectric constant is around 30, which is close to its bulk crystalline value. In contrast, ALD LaLuO3 is polycrystalline on GaAs(100) and amorphous on Si(111).
Subseasonal swing of cold and warm extremes between Eurasia and North America in winter of 2020/21: initiation and physical process

Eurasia and North America experienced a robust subseasonal swing of surface air temperature (SAT) extremes in 2020/21 winter, featuring severe cold (warm) extremes over Eurasia before (after) 15 January and conversely over North America. This sharp subseasonal swing of intercontinental cold and warm extremes exerted considerable severe impacts on human activities and the global economy. Here we examined the initiation and physical process based on data analyses. Our results show annual cycle (AC) anomalies of SAT caused this subseasonal alternating of temperature extremes in two regions. The AC anomalies of SAT are regulated by the phase transition of the North-Pacific-Oscillation-like (NPO-like) circumglobal Rossby wave (CRW) train. Unprecedented warming sea surface temperature over midlatitude Northwest Atlantic in early winter initiated a positive phase of the NPO-like CRW train, via eddy-mediated physical processes and the resultant feedback of sea ice loss over the Barents-Kara Seas. While, the subsequent downward feedback of stratospheric processes resulted in the negative phase of the NPO-like CRW pattern in late winter. This work advances the understanding of the subseasonal predictability of SAT extremes from impacts of AC anomalies and intercontinental seesawing.
Polyphenolic Profile of Tunisian Thyme (Thymbra capitata L.) Post-Distilled Residues: Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content and Phenolic Compounds and Their Contribution to Antioxidant Activity

During the last decade there has been growing interest in the formulation of new cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical products containing natural compounds with antioxidant activity and other beneficial properties. Aromatic and medicinal plants have always been the major source of bioactive compounds, especially, wild thyme (Thymbra capitata L.), which has been used since ancient times for its valuable health benefits that could be attributed to the richness of polyphenolic compounds. This study was undertaken with the following aims: to estimate the total polyphenolic content (TPC); to evaluate the antioxidant activity; to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds of post-distilled residues of Tunisian thyme, and their contribution to the antioxidant activity. The TPC, as determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, was found to reach the values of 126.7 and 107.84 mg gallic acid equivalent/g plant dry weight (mg GAE/g PDW). The antioxidant activity, which is assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays, reached the values of 42.97–45.64 μg/mL and 42.22–50.21 mMFe2+/mg PDW, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of fourteen polyphenolic compounds, of which diosmin and rosmarinic acid were found to be the most abundant (24.26 to 33.80 and 22.0.1 to 26.29 mg/g PDW, respectively). An important correlation was found between the antioxidant activity and several identified phenolic compounds (p < 0.05). The findings revealed that thyme post-distilled residues have an effective natural antioxidant potential due to their high concentration of bioactive molecules, and they appear to be useful in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, with beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, supplementing a balanced diet with herbs may have beneficial health effects.