Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new generic exact solution for free vibration of functionally graded moderately thick doubly curved shallow shell panel

Plates, cylindrical and spherical shells, and in general, doubly curved shell panels are the main parts of each new structural design because their geometrical characteristics give them high strength to weight ratio. Moreover, requiring high mechanical and heat resistant materials leads engineers to use functionally graded material to achieve both of these characteristics. Hence, having a reliable high precision method for free vibration analysis of such shell panels is the first step of each dynamical analysis. This paper used a set of potential functions and auxiliary variables to present an exact Levy-type closed-form solution for free vibration of a doubly curved FG shell panel. The first-order shear deformation theory beside both the Donnell and Sanders strain-displacement relations are considered for mathematical modeling. The results of the present method are checked with the literature and a finite element analysis in which good agreement is observed. Also, a benchmark study is presented that will be useful for future researches.
Religions and Conspiracy Theories as the Authoritarian “Other” of Democracy?

This article theorises and conceptualises the ambivalent role of religions and conspiracy theories in modern democracies. Based on a concise comparison of both phenomena, it elaborates the similar risks and functions of religions and conspiracy theories for the political community without neglecting the fact that, under secular conditions, the spread of conspiracy narratives might outweigh those of religious messages in the long run. That observation seems particularly relevant for contemporary governance and political science, as a tendency towards social anomie in the sense of Durkheim can be deduced from democratic theory, which significantly increases democracy’s need for compensatory moral and cognitive authorities.
“It’s All About the Look”: Making Sense of Appearance, Attractiveness, and Authenticity Online

Existing research on Instagram suggests that the mobile application is dominated by a cast of hegemonically attractive influencers. But calls for greater diversity and inclusion are on the rise, raising important questions about how social media influencers and the industry personnel who support them understand diversity and negotiate appearance ideals. Drawing on 40 interviews with influencers and industry personnel as well as a year of online observation, I find that hegemonic ideals surrounding appearance and attractiveness continue to shape who is (and isn’t) perceived as worthy of visibility online. Industry personnel and influencers alike share that these ideals play an important role in cultivating a following on social media but remain convinced that change is underway. Emphasizing the importance of influencers’ relatability and perceived authenticity, influencers, agents, and brand representatives shift focus away from broader issues surrounding the platform including the role that industry personnel play in moderating and constraining opportunities for diversity online.
A study of the reduction of explosive impulses by finite sized barriers

Two investigations have been carried out on the diffraction of high level (160‐dB peak) impulses around barriers of finite size. One of the investigations, carried out with the barrier situated on hard ground, has shown peak sound levels to be reduced by as much as 12 dB by an effective barrier height of 1.8 m and source–receiver separation of 25 m. The results of this investigation have been compared with a number of linear diffraction theories for both thin and thick barriers. The major finding is that while most theories can reasonably predict the peak diffracted sound level and general wave shape they all fail to predict the sharp leading edge of the pulse which is observed in practice. For the second investigation, in which the barrier was situated on an acoustically soft surface, an effective barrier height of about 1.2 m gave a reduction of around 6 dB in the peak sound level for a source–receiver distance of 25 m compared to unobstructed propagation over the same surface. The results show reasonab.
The cone topology on masures

Abstract Masures are generalizations of Bruhat–Tits buildings and the main examples are associated with almost split Kac–Moody groups G over non-Archimedean local fields. In this case, G acts strongly transitively on its corresponding masure Δ as well as on the building at infinity of Δ, which is the twin building associated with G. The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to introduce and study the cone topology on the twin building at infinity of a masure. It turns out that this topology has various favorable properties that are required in the literature as axioms for a topological twin building. Secondly, by making use of the cone topology, we study strongly transitive actions of a group G on a masure Δ. Under some hypotheses, with respect to the masure and the group action of G, we prove that G acts strongly transitively on Δ if and only if it acts strongly transitively on the twin building at infinity ∂ Δ. Along the way a criterion for strong transitivity is given and the existence and good dynamical properties of strongly regular hyperbolic automorphisms of the masure are proven.
Packing chromatic number of subcubic graphs

A packing $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a partition of $V(G)$ into sets $V_1,\ldots,V_k$ such that for each $1\leq i\leq k$ the distance between any two distinct $x,y\in V_i$ is at least $i+1$. The packing chromatic number, $\chi_p(G)$, of a graph $G$ is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ has a packing $k$-coloring. Sloper showed that there are $4$-regular graphs with arbitrarily large packing chromatic number. The question whether the packing chromatic number of subcubic graphs is bounded appears in several papers. We answer this question in the negative. Moreover, we show that for every fixed $k$ and $g\geq 2k+2$, almost every $n$-vertex cubic graph of girth at least $g$ has the packing chromatic number greater than $k$.
Estimation of Alonso's Theory of Movements for Commuting

625 Estimation of Alonso’s Theory of Movements for Commuting William Alonso published his Theory of Movements in 1978. In this Spatial Interaction Model, the flows depend on the spatial positions of the origin and the destination regions. In the context of commuting, residential and employment regions interact through accessibility, affecting the whole system of commuting flows. This systemic model is also known as the Transportation Model with Elastic Constraints. This thesis presents a method to estimate the underlying parameters of the model, which is applied to analyze commuting flows between municipalities in Denmark. The main message of this thesis is that the interdependence between origin and destination regions has consequences for the choice of econometric methods.
A passive microwave technique for estimating rainfall and vertical structure information from space. Part 2: Applications to SSM/I data

Abstract A multichannel physical approach for retrieving rainfall and its vertical structure from SSM/I observations is examined. While a companion paper was devoted exclusively to the description of the algorithm, its strengths, and its limitations, the main focus of this paper is to report on the results, applicability, and expected accuracies from this algorithm. Some examples are given that compare retrieved results with ground-based radar data from different geographical regions to illustrate the performance and utility of the algorithm under distinct rainfall conditions. Move quantitative validation is accomplished using two months of radar data from Darwin, Australia, and the radar network over Japan. Instantaneous comparisons at Darwin indicate that root-mean-square errors for 1.25° areas over water are 0.09 mm h−1 compared to the mean rainfall value of 0.224 mm h−1 while the correlation exceeds 0.9. Similar results are obtained over the Japanese validation site with rms errors of 0.6 1 5 mm h−1 c.
Production and evolution of LiBeB isotopes in the galaxy

We reassess the problem of the production of the light elements lithium, beryllium, and boron, by energetic collisions between Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and interstellar gas nuclei, in the framework of a consistent model for the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. We propose a new scenario for the propagation of GCR in the early Galaxy suggesting that, during its halo phase, GCR were more efficiently confined than today and had flatter spectra at low energy
Lanthanum: An s- and r-Process Indicator

The neutron capture cross section of 139La has been measured at a thermal energy of kT = 5 keV by means of the activation technique. Three irradiations were performed in a quasi-stellar neutron spectrum at the Karlsruhe 3.7 MV pulsed Van de Graaff accelerator, and the induced activities were measured by means of HPGe clover detectors. The final cross section of 113.7 ± 4.0 mbarn was found to be 10% higher than that previously assumed. Together with an earlier measurement at kT = 25 keV, Maxwellian-averaged neutron capture cross sections at the relevant thermal energies of the main s-process component, i.e., at kT = 8 and 23 keV, could be reliably interpolated. The s-abundances obtained on the basis of these data showed that the r-process contribution to solar lanthanum, Nr = N☉ - Ns, is 30%. This is in good agreement with the lanthanum abundance of extremely metal-poor and very r-process-rich stars.
The optimal interior ball estimate for a -convex mean curvature flow

In this note, we prove that at a singularity of an ( m + 1)-convex mean curvature ﬂow, Andrews’ non-collapsing ratio improves as much as is allowed by the example of the shrinking cylinder R m × S n − m . More precisely, we show that for any ε > 0 we have k ≤ (1 + ε ) 1 n − m H wherever the mean curvature H is suﬃciently large, where k is the interior ball curvature. When ( m + 1) < n , this estimate improves the inscribed radius estimate of Brendle, which was subsequently proved much more directly by Haslhofer-Kleiner by using the powerful new local blow-up method they developed in an earlier work. Our estimate is also based on their local blow-up method, but we do not require the structure theorem for ancient ﬂows, instead making use of the gradient term which appears in the evolution equation of the two-point function which deﬁnes the interior and exterior ball curvatures. We also obtain an optimal exterior ball estimate for ﬂows of convex hypersurfaces.
Horizontal plasma flow at midlatitudes: More mechanisms and the interpretation of observations

The midlatitude ionosphere has been known for decades to exhibit correlated (or anticorrelated, depending on the coordinate system) perpendicular and parallel meridional ion velocities. This correlation is indicative of horizontal plasma flow, despite the highly magnetized character of the midlatitude F region. This coupling of the perpendicular and parallel dynamics is a consequence of extremely weak atmosphere-ionosphere coupling and the strong tendency for the neutral atmosphere to flow horizontally. Three physical mechanisms have previously been identified as effecting this coupling: ion drag, the F region dynamo, and enhanced gravity-driven diffusion. We point out some difficulties with one of these processes and present two additional mechanisms, wind-driven ionospheric equilibrium and gravity wave seeding of plasma instabilities, which can also result in horizontal plasma flow. Although these additional mechanisms further complicate the observational distinction between the possible mechanisms, we argue that an appropriately clustered array of instruments can still distinguish which mechanism is responsible for any particular geophysical occurrence.
Scattering mechanisms in high-mobility strained Ge channels

We report on the low-temperature mobility in remotely doped p-type strained Ge layers on relaxed Si0.3Ge0. 7 virtual substrates, grown by low-energy plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. A maximum mobility of 120 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been reached at 2 K, at a carrier sheet density of 8.5×1011 cm−2. Analysis of the mobility and Dingle ratio τ/τq as a function of sheet density suggests that remote impurity scattering is the limiting factor at low sheet densities, but that interface impurities become more important as the sheet density increases.
Discrepancy of second order digital sequences in function spaces with dominating mixed smoothness

The discrepancy function of a point set in the d-dimensional unit cube is a normalized measure for the deviation of the proportion of the number of points of the point set in an axes-parallel box anchored at the origin and the volume of this box. Taking a norm of the discrepancy function gives a quantitative measure for the irregularity of distribution of the point set. Classically one studies the Lp-norm of the discrepancy function and speaks then about the Lp-discrepancy. For p ∈ (1, ∞) it is known that in dimension d the optimal rate of convergence of the Lp-discrepancy is of order (log N) (d−1)/2 /N for N-element point sets and of order (log N) d/2 /N for the initial N-element segments of infinite sequences. On the other hand, the quest for the exact order of the L∞-discrepancy in the multivariate case is a very demanding open question. It is a natural question to ask what happens in intermediate norms “close” to L∞. Standard examples of such spaces are BMO-norms and exponential Orlicz norms. For point sets, such norms of the discrepancy function were studied recently by Bilyk, Lacey, and Vagharshakyan in 2008 and Bilyk and Markhasin in 2015. In this paper we give sharp bounds for sequences.
Robust Information Divergences for Model-Form Uncertainty Arising from Sparse Data in Random PDE

We develop a novel application of hybrid information divergences to analyze uncertainty in steady-state subsurface flow problems. These hybrid information divergences are non-intrusive, goal-oriented uncertainty quantification tools that enable robust, data-informed predictions in support of critical decision tasks such as regulatory assessment and risk management. We study the propagation of model-form or epistemic uncertainty with numerical experiments that demonstrate uncertainty quantification bounds for (i) parametric sensitivity analysis and (ii) model misspecification due to sparse data. Further, we make connections between the hybrid information divergences and certain concentration inequalities that can be leveraged for efficient computing and account for any available data through suitable statistical quantities.
Steady-State Size Distribution for the Self-Similar Collision Cascade

Abstract Dohnanyi (1969,J. Geophys. Res.74, 2531–2554) analytically obtained the steady-state mass distribution of the collisional fragmentation cascade asn(m) =Am−α, where the power law exponent α is very nearly 11/6. In the present study, we investigated the generality of Dohnanyi's result of α = 11/6 and clarified what essentially determines the value of the exponent α. We first derived new basic equations describing the evolution of the mass distribution in the collision cascade. The new basic equations are independent of the model of collisional outcomes and, hence, enable us to investigate the general properties of the collision cascade. As the steady-state solution to the derived basic equations, we obtained a power law mass distribution under the single assumption that the collisional outcome is self-similar. The results are summarized as follows: the power law exponent α of the mass distribution is exactly independent of the collisional outcome model as long as the model is self-similar and the value of α is directly determined only by the mass-dependence of the collision rate.
Fast electron production in ultra-short high-intensity laser-plasma interaction and its consequences

The development of high-energy, high-power ultra-short laser pulses in the 1 TW to 1 PW range has initiated a number of studies on the mechanisms of interaction between a laser and a plasma at very high (relativistic) intensities. In this new regime, a large fraction of the laser energy is transferred to ultra-short bunches of collimated relativistic electrons. Protons or heavier ions dragged by these electron jets can also be accelerated inside as well as outside the target. Moreover, the interaction of these electrons with various types of materials gives rise to powerful sources of x-rays and γ-rays and to a large number of nuclear reactions. These interactions can result in the emission of neutrons and positrons and in the production of nuclear isotopes and other types of particles.
Recurrence relations for Mellin transforms of $GL(n,\mathbb{R})$ Whittaker functions

Using a recursive formula for the Mellin transform $T_{n,a}(s)$ of a spherical, principal series $GL(n,\mathbb{R})$ Whittaker function, we develop an explicit recurrence relation for this Mellin transform. This relation, for any $n\ge2$, expresses $T_{n,a}(s)$ in terms of a number of "shifted" transforms $T_{n,a}(s+\Sigma)$, with each coordinate of $\Sigma$ being a non-negative integer. We then focus on the case $n=4$. In this case, we use the relation referenced above to derive further relations, each of which involves "strictly positive shifts" in one of the coordinates of $s$. More specifically: each of our new relations expresses $T_{4,a}(s)$ in terms of $T_{4,a}(s+\Sigma)$ and $T_{4,a}(s+\Omega)$, where for some $1\le k\le 3$, the $k$th coordinates of both $\Sigma$ and $\Omega$ are strictly positive. Finally, we deduce a recurrence relation for $T_{4,a}(s)$ involving strictly positive shifts in all three $s_k$'s at once. (That is, the condition "for some $1\le k\le 3$" above becomes "for all $1\le k\le 3$.") These additional relations on $GL(4,\mathbb{R})$ may be applied to the explicit understanding of certain poles and residues of $T_{4,a}(s)$. This residue information is, as we describe below, in turn relevant to work of Goldfeld and Woodbury, concerning orthogonality of Fourier coefficients of $SL(4,\mathbb{R})$ Maass forms, and the $GL(4)$ Kuznetsov formula.
Accurate Computation of the Field in Pippard's Nonlocal Superconductivity Model

A Galerkin ﬁnite element method is analyzed for a class of the Fredholm type integro-diﬀerential equations. The method is applied to Pippard’s nonlocal superconductiv- ity model. Optimal H 1 norm error estimates are derived for the ﬁnite element solution of the current potential. A class of superconvergent post-processing techniques are developed to obtain more accurate approximations to the magnetic ﬁeld from the ﬁnite element solutions. An H 1 semi-norm actual error indicator is derived and is used to generate an adaptive grid reﬁnement procedure. Several numerical examples are presented.
EU Dairy after the Quota Abolition: Inelastic Asymmetric Price Responsiveness and Adverse Milk Supply during Crisis Time

The abolition of the milk quota system in April 2015 has implied a transition towards a new “system” in which non-policy and non-EU elements have become important drivers of the EU dairy market. In terms of its contribution, after reviewing some of the existing literature, this article presents a theoretical framework to understand “irregular” supply behaviour, while it empirically identifies an “inverse” supply curve for the EU dairy sector. In doing so, milk prices have been decomposed by following the procedure proposed by James P. Houck. This exercise confirms the non-reversibility, and therefore an asymmetric response, in the behaviour of milk supply for most EU Member States. Moreover, this article also presents the results of a “stress” test of the dairy sector in order to analyse the responses of dairy production in a context of the asymmetrical behaviour of dairy farmers and assess the competitiveness of the dairy sector at Member State level. The outcomes emphasise the high competitiveness of the Irish dairy sector and suggest a deterioration of the competitiveness in the case of the United Kingdom and France. From the policy-making perspective, the identification of this type of farmer’s reactions is key for an appropriate design of policy interventions and crisis management strategies.
GaN Integrated Circuit Power Amplifiers: Developments and Prospects

GaN integrated circuit technologies have dramatically progressed over the recent years. The prominent feature of GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), unparalleled output power densities, has created a paradigm shift in the established and emerging high-power applications. In this article, we present a review on the developments and prospects of GaN integrated circuit power amplifiers (PAs). The progress of GaN transistors including improvements in their important features, i.e., supply voltage, substrate material, transistor scaling approach, and device modeling are elaborated and the current state-of-the-art processes with 20-nm gate length, 450 GHz cut-off frequency, and over 600 V supply voltage are discussed. We also investigate developments in the GaN integrated circuit PA architectures and their implementation challenges including the reactive matching PAs capable of delivering over 100 W output power and operating up to 200 GHz, PA linearity, back-off efficiency enhancement, reconfigurable PAs, and distributed PA architectures. Finally, we discuss the prospects of GaN technology and possible future improvements, in transistor and circuit levels, which can advance performance and functionality of GaN integrated circuits.
Advanced Synthesis and Precise Design of Inline Fully Canonical Filters With High Selectivity

This article presents an advanced synthesis and novel designs of inline fully canonical filters with $N$ cascaded extracted pole (EP) sections, providing higher band-edge selectivity and suppressing interference from adjacent bands. The conventional fully canonical prototype is reconfigured to significantly facilitate filter design and fabrication. Moreover, to synthesize realizable circuits, a general node scaling method based on admittance matrix is implemented. All associated elements, especially the junction susceptances, can be scaled directly without the aid of inverters, avoiding intricate equivalent circuit transforms. Furthermore, the importance of precise control over the junction susceptances in filter design is discussed for the first time. Accurate junction susceptance enables the exact mapping from synthesized circuits to physical structures, preventing brute-force optimization. In particular, a new and compact EP structure in coaxial technique is proposed with flexibly tuned loading phase and accurately regulated junction susceptance. The good measurement results of a coaxial EP filter with four reflection zeros (RZs) and four transmission zeros (TZs) validate the effectiveness of the proposed theories. Also, this is the first reported coaxial fully canonical filter with only build-in capacitive couplings to avoid passive intermodulation (PIM).