Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Annexin II Tetramer in the Activation of Plasminogen*

Annexin II tetramer (AIIt) is a major Ca2+-binding protein of endothelial cells which has been shown to exist on both the intracellular and extracellular surfaces of the plasma membrane. In this report, we demonstrate that AIIt stimulates the activation of plasminogen by facilitating the tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)-dependent conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Fluid-phase AIIt stimulated the rate of activation of [Glu]plasminogen about 341-fold compared with an approximate 6-fold stimulation by annexin II. AIIt bound to [Glu]plasminogen(S741C-fluorescein) with a K d of 1.26 ± 0.04 μm (mean ± S.D.,n = 3) and this interaction resulted in a large conformational change in [Glu]plasminogen. Kinetic analysis established that AIIt produces a large increase of about 190-fold in the k cat, app and a small increase in theK m ,app which resulted in a 90-fold increase in the catalytic efficiency (kcat/K m ) of t-PA for [Glu]plasminogen. AIIt also stimulated the t-PA-dependent activation of [Lys]plasminogen about 28-fold. Furthermore, other annexins such as annexin I, V, or VI did not produce comparable activation of t-PA-dependent conversion of [Glu]plasminogen to plasmin. The stimulation of the activation of [Glu]plasminogen by AIIt was Ca2+-independent and inhibited by ε-aminocaproic acid. AIIt bound to human 293 cells potentiated t-PA-dependent plasminogen activation. AIIt that was bound to phospholipid vesicles or heparin also stimulated the activation of [Glu]plasminogen 5- or 11-fold, respectively. Furthermore, immunofluorescence labeling of nonpermeabilized HUVEC revealed a punctated distribution of AIIt subunits on the cell surface. These results therefore identify AIIt as a potent in vitroactivator of plasminogen.
Foreign Aid: Diplomacy, Development, Domestic Politics

Foreign Aid: Diplomacy, Development, Domestic Politics. By Carol Lancaster. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007. 284p. $50.00 cloth, $20.00 paper. This book addresses an important issue—namely, why governments give aid—and offers a comparison of five countries since 1945: the United States, Japan, France, Germany, and Denmark. Each country occupies its own chapter, with systematic comparison being assisted by a common set of headings relating to the main domestic sources of influence: ideas, institutions, interests, and government organization. Two opening chapters set the stage and offer a brief history of aid's purposes. A rather short concluding chapter sums up the findings. No other book has the same agenda. Carol Lancaster's analysis benefits greatly from her position as an “insider” for 13 years on and off in the U.S. government, working on aid issues, and from the opportunity to interview around a hundred aid officials and expert commentators in the five countries during 2002–3.
Cognitive Enhancement with Amphetamine: History Repeats Itself

Those who follow the cognitive enhancement literature will have noticed a shift of late. A decade ago, discussions of cognitive enhancement displayed the assumption that stimulants such as amphetamine and methylphenidate are effective enhancers, boosting the attention and executive function of healthy normal individuals (e.g., Chatterjee 2004; Farah et al. 2004; Fukuyama 2002; President’s Council on Bioethics 2003). Nowadays, the emerging view of stimulants for cognitive enhancement in normal individuals is much more cautious, if not outright skeptical. For example, Hall and Lucke (2010) refer to the “very weak evidence that putatively neuroenhancing pharmaceuticals in fact enhance cognitive function. ” Ilieva, Boland, and Farah (2013, 496) suggest that Adderall “has no more than small effects on cognition in healthy young adults. ” Advokat (2010, 1256) concludes that “the evidence does not support the conclusion that stimulants are cognitive ‘enhancers’“ (see also Chamberlain et al. 2010; Repantis et al. 2010; Smith and Farah 2011). What is going on? If current views are correct, and stimulants have unreliable and generally small effects on cog-
Non metal-metal transition in Bruggeman optical theory for inhomogeneous media

The Bruggeman optical effective medium theory of the dielectric permeability e e(ω) of inhomogeneous media is analysed for metal-dielectric compounds in relation to the non metal-metal transition. The influence of the constituent-material parameters (free-electron parameters and bound-state polarization) on both the real and imaginary parts of ee(ω) is investigated in detail for the full range of metal filling factors and for optical to far-infrared wavelengths. A physical interpretation is formulated in terms of bound-state polarization, interfacial polarization and Drude conduction-electrons contributions. The results thus obtained are eventually compared to those of other effective medium theories : Maxwell Garnett modified by Cohen et al., Ping Sheng.
Finding Rising Stars in Co-Author Networks via Weighted Mutual Influence

Finding rising stars is a challenging and interesting task which is being investigated recently in co-author networks. Rising stars are authors who have a low research profile in the start of their career but may become experts in the future. This paper introduces a new method Weighted Mutual Influence Rank (WMIRank) for finding rising stars. WMIRank exploits influence of co-authors' citations, order of appearance and publication venues. Comprehensive experiments are performed to analyze the performance of WMIRank in comparison to baseline methods, which have ignored weighted mutual influence. AMiner data for years 1995-2000 is used for experiments. List of top 30 authors as per proposed and baseline methods are compared for their average number of papers, average number of citations and achievements. Experimental results provide convincing evidence of the effectiveness of the investigated weighted mutual influence.
S‐ketamine and s‐norketamine plasma concentrations after nasal and i.v. administration in anesthetized children

Background : It has been suggested that nasal administration of s‐ketamine may be used to improve sedation or premedication in combination with nasal midazolam in pediatric patients. In this study we measured and compared plasma concentrations of s‐ketamine and its main metabolite s‐norketamine after nasal and i.v. administration in preschool children.
Men's and women's reactions to fair and unfair treatment in relationship conflict

Evidence of gender differences in reactions to experienced fair and unfair treatment in relationship conflict was examined in 4 studies among dating, cohabiting, and married participants in The Netherlands. Using a critical incidents method and a scenario, this research provided convergent results suggesting that the relationship between fairness of treatment and affective feelings or relationship satisfaction is stronger for women than for men. This gender difference disappeared under conditions of high relationship commitment. Furthermore, men who identified strongly with their relationship showed stronger reactions to fair treatment than men who identified weakly with their relationships. Finally, the manipulation of relationship salience led to heightened sensitivity to fairness of treatment among men, but not among women.
A novel active noise control using neural networks without the secondary path identification

In this paper, a novel active noise control (ANC) scheme based on neural networks is presented for nonlinear ANC systems without the identification of secondary path by introducing virtual primary noises. The ANC system is analyzed in the form of discrete-time state equations. The proposed controller employs neural networks to attenuate the noises. The proposed scheme does not require the dynamical knowledge of the primary and secondary path model compared to classical ANC approaches. The stability of the proposed scheme is analyzed by the Lyapunov theory. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy performs well for attenuating the noises.
The effects of credibility cues on the selection of search engine results

Web search engines act as gatekeepers when people search for information online. Research has shown that search engine users seem to trust the search engines' ranking uncritically and mostly select top‐ranked results. This study further examines search engine users' selection behavior. Drawing from the credibility and information research literature, we test whether the presence or absence of certain credibility cues influences the selection probability of search engine results. In an observational study, participants (N = 247) completed two information research tasks on preset search engine results pages, on which three credibility cues (source reputation, message neutrality, and social recommendations) as well as the search result ranking were systematically varied. The results of our study confirm the significance of the ranking. Of the three credibility cues, only reputation had an additional effect on selection probabilities. Personal characteristics (prior knowledge about the researched issues, search engine usage patterns, etc.) did not influence the preference for search results linked with certain credibility cues. These findings are discussed in light of situational and contextual characteristics (e.g., involvement, low‐cost scenarios).
Cosmic-ray electrons and the diffuse gamma-ray spectrum

The bulk of the diffuse galactic gamma-ray emission above a few tens of GeV has been conventionally ascribed to the decay of neutral pions produced in cosmic-ray interactions with interstellar matter. Cosmic-ray electrons may, however, make a significant contribution to the gamma-ray spectrum at high energies, and even dominate at TeV - PeV energies depending on their injection spectral index and acceleration cut-off energy. If the injection spectrum is flat, the highest energy electrons will also contribute a diffuse hard x-ray/soft gamma-ray flux via synchrotron emission, and this may offer an explanation for the OSSE observation of a steep spectrum below a few MeV from the inner Galaxy. We perform a propagation calculation for cosmic-ray electrons, and use the resulting interstellar electron spectrum to obtain the gamma-ray spectrum due to inverse Compton, synchrotron and bremsstrahlung interactions consistently from MeV to PeV energies. We compare our results with available observations from satellite-borne telescopes, optical Cerenkov telescopes and air shower arrays and place constraints on the injection spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons. With future observations at TeV - PeV energies it should be possible to determine the average interstellar spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons, and hence estimate their spectrum on acceleration.
N-type thin-film polycrystalline-silicon solar cells using a seed layer approach

N-type thin-film polycrystalline-silicon solar cells were fabricated on alumina substrates. The polycrystalline silicon material was made by overdoping of AIC seed layers with phosphorus atoms followed by epitaxial thickening with low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) at 1000°C. The cells have i/p+ amorphous Si heterojunction emitters and show an average VOC of 455 mV, an average JSC of 16.5 mA cm-2 and a record efficiency of 5.0%. The excess out-diffusion of phosphorus from the seed layers during the epitaxial growth resulted in a non-ideal doping profile, which is believed to be the main limitation of the current density besides the material quality. In addition, the non-optimized heterojunction emitter deposition for n-type polycrystalline silicon and the lack of superior light trapping also limited the present cell performance.
Drivers of Plot-Scale Variability of CH4 Consumption in a Well-Aerated Pine Forest Soil

While differences in greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes between ecosystems can be explained to a certain degree, variability of the same at the plot scale is still challenging. We investigated the spatial variability in soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to find out what drives spatial variability on the plot scale. Measurements were carried out in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in a former floodplain on a 250 m2 plot, divided in homogenous strata of vegetation and soil texture. Soil gas fluxes were measured consecutively at 60 points along transects to cover the spatial variability. One permanent chamber was measured repeatedly to monitor temporal changes to soil gas fluxes. The observed patterns at this control chamber were used to standardize the gas fluxes to disentangle temporal variability from the spatial variability of measured GHG fluxes. Concurrent measurements of soil gas diffusivity allowed deriving in situ methanotrophic activity from the CH4 flux measurements. The soil emitted CO2 and consumed CH4 and N2O. Significantly different fluxes of CH4 and CO2 were found for the different soil-vegetation strata, but not for N2O. Soil CH4 consumption increased with soil gas diffusivity within similar strata supporting the hypothesis that CH4 consumption by soils is limited by the supply with atmospheric CH4. Methane consumption in the vegetation strata with dominant silty texture was higher at a given soil gas diffusivity than in the strata with sandy texture. The same pattern was observed for methanotrophic activity, indicating better habitats for methantrophs in silt. Methane consumption increased with soil respiration in all strata. Similarly, methanotrophic activity increased with soil respiration when the individual measurement locations were categorized into silt and sand based on the dominant soil texture, irrespective of the vegetation stratum. Thus, we suggest the rhizosphere and decomposing organic litter might represent or facilitate a preferred habitat for methanotrophic microbes, since rhizosphere and decomposing organic are the source of most of the soil respiration.
Working in a community recreation program: A study of consumer-staff perspectives

Consumers working as service providers make unique contributions to the quality, accessibility, and responsiveness of mental health services. Relatively little research has explored these roles. This study used a naturalistic inquiry methodology to explore consumer-staff views of working in a program that assists people living with mental illness to access recreation. Three consumer-staff were interviewed about the rewards and challenges of their work. Qualitative analysis of participants’ views identified eight themes: (i) wanting purposeful activity; (ii) the importance of work; (iii) rewards of helping others; (iv) re-establishing social networks; (v) gaining a sense of belonging; (vi) experiencing teamwork; (vii) challenges of working; and (viii) maintaining well-being. These findings suggest consumer-provider initiatives may create occupational opportunities and facilitate empowerment of consumers in provider roles. A team approach, clear roles, appropriate remuneration and support are central to achieving these benefits. Occupational therapists should advocate for, and support such initiatives that empower consumers in overcoming barriers to meaningful occupation.
Christianity and Caste in XIXth Century South India. The Different Social Policies of British and Non-British Christian Missions / Christianisme et caste dans l'Inde du sud du XIXe siècle. Les politiques sociales des missions chrétiennes britanniques et non-britanniques

La creacion y el desarrollo de congregaciones cristianas en la lndia del sur constituye un ejemplo importante de la historia social del siglo XIX. Los escritos de los misioneros son numerosos y reflejan la diversidad de sensibilidades sociales presentes en las diferentes sociedades misioneras. Uno de los temas mas significativos a este respecto, que encontramos en todos las obras europeas sobre la lndia, se relacionan con el sistema de castas ya que el peso del sistema era enorme para el gobierno. ; Este articulo se interesa a dos sociedades catolicas, los Jesuitas y las Misiones Extranjeras de Paris (Francia) y a dos sociedades protestantes, la Sociedad Misionera Inglesa de Londres y la Mision Alemana de Leipzig, sociedades muy diferentes las unas de las otras. Mientras que los misioneros de Leipzig aceptaban mas o menos el sistema de castas, la mision de Francia era mas critica. En lo que se refiere a la mision inglesa las condenaba e intentaba hacer desaparecer su presencia en sus congregaciones. Esta actitud hacia pensar a la administracion britanica que introdujo un cierto numero de reformas sociales en el siglo XIX. El articulo concluye insistiendo en que es importante tener en cuenta los documentos no britanicos. Si bien es cierto que los misioneros britanicos habian mantenido relaciones estrechas con el Raj, no fueron no obstante los unicos misioneros presentes en la India. Las sociedades no-britanicas mantuvieron tambien intercambios con el sistema social, el cual, a su vez, incidia sobre las propias comunidades. britanica que introdujo un cierto numero de reformas sociales en el siglo XIX. El articulo concluye insistiendo en que es importante tener en cuenta los documentos no britanicos. Si bien es cierto que los misioneros britanicos habian mantenido relaciones estrechas con el Raj, no fueron no obstante los unicos misioneros presentes en la India. Las sociedades no-britanicas mantuvieron tambien intercambios con el sistema social, el cual, a su vez, incidia sobre las propias comunidades.
The Impact Message Inventory: A New Measure of Relationship in Counseling/Psychotherapy and Other Dyads.

The Impact Message Inventory assesses momentary emotional and other engagements of one person by another during ongoing transactions in counseling/psychotherapy and other dyads. A 259-item form of the inventory was administered to 451 undergraduates of both sexes. Fifteen groups of approximately 30 subjects each recorded their impacts to 1 of 15 paragraph descriptions of stylistically "pure" interpersonal types adapted from Lorr and McNair's Interpersonal Behavior Inventory items. Item and factor-analytic procedures, cross-validated on split samples, yielded an 82-item revised inventory of high internal consistency reliability. Results offer strong support for circumplex ordering of the inventory's 15 interpersonal subscales, whereas inconsistent support is found for the prediction that impact messages occupy a two-factor space around the axes of status and affiliation. Applications of the inventory in counseling/psychotherapy research and practice are discussed. In counseling theory and research, relationship has remained a controversial and elusive construct. What has been missing is a relevant measure tied to a systematic and comprehensive theory. This report presents the development and initial validation of an inventory designed to assess relationship behaviors in dyads, including counselor-client and husband-wife, as well as pairs of interactants in other social contexts. The Impact Message Inventory (Kiesler et al., 1975, 1976) taps the momentary affective, cognitive, and behavioral covert engagements of one person by another during ongoing face-to-face communication. The inventory shows promise for single-case and group studies of counseling practice and for counselor training and supervision. It can be used as a dependent variable measure by which the counselor, observers, and significant others in the client's life record their sequential impact responses to the client over the course of counseling and follow-up periods. In marital counseling it can serve as a repeated measure filled out by each partner on the other and also can be in
Automated petroglyph image segmentation with interactive classifier fusion

The number of high quality images of rock panels containing petroglyphs grows steadily. Different time-consuming manual methods to determine and document the exact shapes and spatial locations of petroglyphs on a panel have been carried out over decades. The first step for classification and retrieval of petroglyphs is the segmentation of the images. In this paper, we present and evaluate an automated approach to segment petroglyph images.
An efficient NAND flash file system for flash memory storage

In this paper, we present an efficient flash file system for flash memory storage. Flash memory, especially NAND flash memory, has become a major method for data storage. Currently, a block level translation interface is required between an existing file system and flash memory chips due to its physical characteristics. However, the approach of existing file systems on top of the emulating block interface has many restrictions and is, thus, inefficient because existing file systems are designed for disk-based storage systems. The flash file system proposed in this paper is designed for NAND flash memory storage while considering the existing file system characteristics. Our target performance metrics are the system booting time and garbage collection overheads, which are important issues in flash memory. In our experiments, the proposed flash file system outperformed other flash file systems both in booting time and garbage collection overheads.
Modifiable risk factors predict functional decline among older women: a prospectively validated clinical prediction tool. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group.

OBJECTIVE To identify modifiable predictors of functional decline among community-residing older women and to derive and validate a clinical prediction tool for functional decline based only on modifiable predictors. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Four geographic areas of the United States. PARTICIPANTS Community-residing women older than age 65 recruited from population-based listings between 1986 and 1988 (n = 6632). MEASUREMENTS Modifiable predictors were considered to be those that a clinician seeing an older patient for the first time could reasonably expect to change over a 4-year period: benzodiazepine use, depression, low exercise level, low social functioning, body-mass index, poor visual acuity, low bone mineral density, slow gait, and weak grip. Known predictors of functional decline unlikely to be amenable to intervention included age, education, medical comorbidity, cognitive function, smoking history, and presence of previous spine fracture. All variables were measured at baseline; only modifiable predictors were candidates for the prediction tool. Functional decline was defined as loss of ability over the 4-year interval to perform one or more of five vigorous or eight basic daily activities. RESULTS Slow gait, short-acting benzodiazepine use, depression, low exercise level, and obesity were significant modifiable predictors of functional decline in both vigorous and basic activities. Weak grip predicted functional decline in vigorous activities, whereas long-acting benzodiazepine use and poor visual acuity predicted functional decline in basic activities. A prediction rule based on these eight modifiable predictors classified women in the derivation set into three risk groups for decline in vigorous activities (12%, 25%, and 39% risk) and two risk groups for decline in basic activities (2% and 10% risk). In the validation set, the probabilities of functional decline were nearly identical. CONCLUSIONS A substantial portion of the variation of functional decline can be attributed to risk factors amenable to intervention over the short term. Using eight modifiable predictors that can be identified in a single office visit, clinicians can identify older women at risk for functional decline.