Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sound Database Retrieved by Sound

In this paper, we propose a sound-database system, which is able to extract stored data using sound as a key for the query. This ability realizes the sound extraction without having to specify the acoustical characteristics of the sound. The system repetitively searches and presents sounds, which have similarity in timbre to the key sound, until the user finds a satisfactory sample. The parameters that characterize a sound’s timbre, which is a psychoacoustical factor for sound perception, are adopted as the sound’s indices in the database and used for similarity matching in the searching process. Because the definition of similarity in sounds differs from user to user, the proposed system is equipped with an adaptive preference-weighted searching mechanism that adapts its searching focus based on the user’s preference. Because of the ability of the proposed system to realize an intuitive query, this system can be broadly used by a user without special acoustical knowledge.
A generically well-posed H2 control problem for a one shot feedforward and feedback synthesis

A H2 optimization problem, generically well-posed, has to be formulated in a way that the closed-loop admits a bounded H2-norm. This step turns out non trivial when persistent exogenous signals disturb the process. One approach is to model exogenous states and then design a feedfoward compensator. However, the continuity of the solution is not guarantee especially for unstable exogenous system. This paper focuses on how to generically set a structured H2 optimization problem leading to a 2 Degree of Freedom (2DOF) regulator with a continuous criterion. In order to save synthesis step, the reference trajectory and the regulator are designed in the same stage. The full information case is considered and an algorithm is proposed. The resulting controller exploits both the system and exosystem states.
THE EFFECT OF A SUPEROUTBURST ON THE WHITE DWARF AND DISK OF VW HYDRI AS OBSERVED WITH FUSE

We have used Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) to obtain a series of 13 observations of the nearby dwarf nova VW Hyi that cover the period from the end of a superoutburst through the following normal outburst of the system. Here, we present the quiescent spectra taken after each outburst event. The spectra obtained during quiescence contain at least three components. The dominant component over most of the FUSE wavelength range is the white dwarf (WD), which cools following the superoutburst. The amount of cooling is dependent on the WD models utilized. For log g of 8.0, the temperature drops from 24,000 K just after the outburst to 20,000 K just before the normal outburst. For this model, and for a distance of 65 pc, the radius of the WD is approximately 8 × 108 cm and v sin(i) is ∼420 km s-1. The fact that the derived radius is smaller than expected for a WD with log g = 8 suggests a higher gravity WD or that VW Hyi is somewhat further than its canonical distance of 65 pc. Either is possible given the current uncertainty (±20 pc) in the distance to VW Hyi. Earlier suggestions that the WD photosphere show evidence of CNO processed material are confirmed, but our analysis also highlights the fact that significant issues remain in terms of analyzing the spectra of WDs in such unusual physical situations. The second component is relatively featureless and shows substantial modulation on the orbital (and just after outburst, the superhump) period. The second component is most likely associated with the hot spot where material from the secondary encounters the disk, rather than emission from the boundary layer region between the inner disk and WD. This second component fades about 10 days after the superoutburst. There is also a third component, clearly visible in terms of broad emission lines of C iii λ977, N iii λ991, and a combination of Lyβ and O vi λλ1032, 1038, which appears to be accompanied by a flat continuum. The strength of the emission lines, which are almost surely associated with the accretion disk, appears relatively constant for the duration of the observations.
Prediction of Protein Structural Class Using PSI-BLAST Profile Based Collocation of Amino Acid Pairs

Knowledge of structural classes is useful in understanding folding patterns in proteins. Numerous structural class prediction methods were proposed in the past. Although virtually all state-of-the-art classifiers were already tried, many of these methods use very simple protein sequence representation that often includes amino acid (AA) composition. To this end, we propose a novel sequence representation, which is based on PSI-BLAST profile based collocation of AA pairs. We used two benchmark datasets constructed by Zhou (J. of Prot Chem. 1998, 17(8):729-38) to test the proposed representation with five representative classifiers. The two best classifiers, which include a support vector machine and an instance base learner, achieved 88% and 96% accuracy on the two datasets, respectively. Our results were compared with five recently proposed methods. The comparison shows superiority of the proposed method, which reduces the error rates by 30% and 21% on the two datasets when compared with the best-performing ensemble of boosted logistic regression classifier. Finally, the new sequence representation is compared with AA composition when using support vector machine classifier. The error rate reduction due to application of the new representation equals 40% and 25% for the two datasets, respectively. In short, the PSI- BLAST profile based collocation of AA pairs is shown to be a promising feature-based sequence representation.
Educational psychology—past and future: Comment on Derry (1992).

In presenting her vision of the future of educational psychology, Derry (1992) disagreed with several points in my analysis of its past (Mayer, 1992). In particular, Derry questioned whether educational psychology has become unified under a cognitive approach, has shifted from artificial to more realistic learning situations, and can progress much further under a cognitive approach. In this response, I briefly examine each of these three issues. Finally, I reassert my conclusion that educational psychology has been and will continue to be an exciting venue for shaping the dominant psychological theories of the day
Dolutegravir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1: 96-week results from a randomized dose-ranging study

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety/tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG, S/GSK1349572), a potent inhibitor of HIV integrase, through the full 96 weeks of the SPRING-1 study. Design:ING112276 (SPRING-1) was a 96-week, randomized, partially blinded, phase IIb dose-ranging study. Methods:Treatment-naive adults with HIV received DTG 10, 25, or 50 mg once daily or efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg once daily (control arm) combined with investigator-selected dual nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone regimen (tenofovir/emtricitabine or abacavir/lamivudine). The primary endpoint of the study was the proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml, based on time to loss of virologic response at 16 weeks (conducted for the purpose of phase III dose selection), with a planned analysis at 96 weeks. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. Results:Of 208 participants randomized to treatment, 205 received study drug. At week 96, the proportion of participants achieving plasma HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml was 79, 78, and 88% for DTG 10, 25, and 50 mg, respectively, compared with 72% for EFV. The median increase from baseline in CD4+ cells was 338 cells/&mgr;l with DTG (all treatment groups combined) compared with 301 cells/&mgr;l with EFV (P = 0.155). No clinically significant dose-related trends in adverse events were observed, and fewer participants who received DTG withdrew because of adverse events (3%) compared with EFV (10%). Conclusion:Throughout the 96 weeks of the SPRING-1 study, DTG demonstrated sustained efficacy and favorable safety/tolerability in treatment-naive individuals with HIV-1.
ADHD Rate in Obese Women With Binge Eating and Bulimic Behaviors From a Weight-Loss Clinic

Objective: Few studies have demonstrated a possible association between ADHD and obesity in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ADHD in a sample of obese women seeking treatment, and its relations with binge eating and bulimic behaviors. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study in a clinical sample of one hundred fifty-five women, with a mean age of 38.9 (+10.7) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 39.2 (+5.29). Participants were evaluated with semistructured interviews and completed self-report psychiatric rating scales. Results: The rate of ADHD in the sample was of 28.3%. The presence of ADHD was significantly correlated with more severe binge eating, bulimic behaviors, and depressive symptomatology. Conclusion: Similar to previous studies, a higher than expected rate of ADHD was observed among obese women. ADHD in obese individuals may be a risk factor for greater severity of disordered eating patterns.
Examination of the Effects of Heterogeneous Organization of RyR Clusters, Myofibrils and Mitochondria on Ca2+ Release Patterns in Cardiomyocytes

Spatio-temporal dynamics of intracellular calcium, [Ca2+]i, regulate the contractile function of cardiac muscle cells. Measuring [Ca2+]i flux is central to the study of mechanisms that underlie both normal cardiac function and calcium-dependent etiologies in heart disease. However, current imaging techniques are limited in the spatial resolution to which changes in [Ca2+]i can be detected. Using spatial point process statistics techniques we developed a novel method to simulate the spatial distribution of RyR clusters, which act as the major mediators of contractile Ca2+ release, upon a physiologically-realistic cellular landscape composed of tightly-packed mitochondria and myofibrils. We applied this method to computationally combine confocal-scale (~ 200 nm) data of RyR clusters with 3D electron microscopy data (~ 30 nm) of myofibrils and mitochondria, both collected from adult rat left ventricular myocytes. Using this hybrid-scale spatial model, we simulated reaction-diffusion of [Ca2+]i during the rising phase of the transient (first 30 ms after initiation). At 30 ms, the average peak of the simulated [Ca2+]i transient and of the simulated fluorescence intensity signal, F/F0, reached values similar to that found in the literature ([Ca2+]i ≈1 μM; F/F0≈5.5). However, our model predicted the variation in [Ca2+]i to be between 0.3 and 12.7 μM (~3 to 100 fold from resting value of 0.1 μM) and the corresponding F/F0 signal ranging from 3 to 9.5. We demonstrate in this study that: (i) heterogeneities in the [Ca2+]i transient are due not only to heterogeneous distribution and clustering of mitochondria; (ii) but also to heterogeneous local densities of RyR clusters. Further, we show that: (iii) these structure-induced heterogeneities in [Ca2+]i can appear in line scan data. Finally, using our unique method for generating RyR cluster distributions, we demonstrate the robustness in the [Ca2+]i transient to differences in RyR cluster distributions measured between rat and human cardiomyocytes.
Le besoin de cognition: une échelle française pour enfants et ses conséquences au plan sociocognitif

This article proposes a French version of the Need for Cognition scale (Cacioppo et Petty, 1982) to be used with children aged 10 to 14. The results of the standard questionnaire validation procedure are presented. It is then explained how the Need for Cognition variable can be integrated into a French context if variables that traditionally interest French researchers are taken into account, notably the norm of internality (Jellison et Green, 1981 ; Beauvois et Dubois, 1988) and normative clairvoyance (Py et Somat, 1991). Several experiments were carried out to test the implications of the Need for Cognition in relation to : the evaluation undergone by the subjects, the formation of impression paradigm and the cognitive dissonance paradigm.
Epipolar geometry from profiles under circular motion

Addresses the problem of motion estimation from profiles (apparent contours) of an object rotating on a turntable in front of a single camera. A practical and accurate technique for solving this problem from profiles alone is developed. It is precise enough to reconstruct the shape of the object. No correspondences between points or lines are necessary. Symmetry of the surface of revolution swept out by the rotating object is exploited to obtain the image of the rotation axis and the homography relating epipolar lines in two views robustly and elegantly. These, together with geometric constraints for images of rotating objects, are used to obtain first the image of the horizon, which is the projection of the plane that contains the camera centers, and then the epipoles, thus fully determining the epipolar geometry of the image sequence. The estimation of this geometry by this sequential approach avoids many of the problems found in other algorithms. The search for the epipoles, by far the most critical step, is carried out as a simple 1D optimization. Parameter initialization is trivial and completely automatic at all stages. After the estimation of the epipolar geometry, the Euclidean motion is recovered using the fixed intrinsic parameters of the camera obtained either from a calibration grid or from self-calibration techniques. Finally, the spinning object is reconstructed from its profiles using the motion estimated in the previous stage. Results from real data are presented, demonstrating the efficiency and usefulness of the proposed methods.
Scalable Large Near-Clique Detection in Large-Scale Networks via Sampling

Extracting dense subgraphs from large graphs is a key primitive in a variety of graph mining applications, ranging from mining social networks and the Web graph to bioinformatics [41]. In this paper we focus on a family of poly-time solvable formulations, known as the k-clique densest subgraph problem (k-Clique-DSP) [57]. When k=2, the problem becomes the well-known densest subgraph problem (DSP) [22, 31, 33, 39]. Our main contribution is a sampling scheme that gives densest subgraph sparsifier, yielding a randomized algorithm that produces high-quality approximations while providing significant speedups and improved space complexity. We also extend this family of formulations to bipartite graphs by introducing the (p,q)-biclique densest subgraph problem ((p,q)-Biclique-DSP), and devise an exact algorithm that can treat both clique and biclique densities in a unified way. As an example of performance, our sparsifying algorithm extracts the 5-clique densest subgraph --which is a large-near clique on 62 vertices-- from a large collaboration network. Our algorithm achieves 100% accuracy over five runs, while achieving an average speedup factor of over 10,000. Specifically, we reduce the running time from ∼2 107 seconds to an average running time of 0.15 seconds. We also use our methods to study how the k-clique densest subgraphs change as a function of time in time-evolving networks for various small values of k. We observe significant deviations between the experimental findings on real-world networks and stochastic Kronecker graphs, a random graph model that mimics real-world networks in certain aspects. We believe that our work is a significant advance in routines with rigorous theoretical guarantees for scalable extraction of large near-cliques from networks.
An Imaginary Solution? The Green Defence of Deliberative Democracy1

As part of the recent rethinking of green politics, the construction of a green democracy has been subjected to increasing scrutiny. There is a growing consensus around deliberative democracy as the preferred model for the realisation of the green programme. As a result several arguments emerge when deliberative principles and procedures are to be justified from a green standpoint. This paper offers a critical assessment of the green case for deliberative democracy, showing that deliberation is being asked to deliver more than it is able to. However, it is suggested that the connection between sustainability, understood as a normative principle, and deliberative procedures may ultimately offer the best grounds for such a defence.
Morphological diversity in tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae): comparing tenrec skull diversity to their closest relatives

It is important to quantify patterns of morphological diversity to enhance our understanding of variation in ecological and evolutionary traits. Here, we present a quantitative analysis of morphological diversity in a family of small mammals, the tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae). Tenrecs are often cited as an example of an exceptionally morphologically diverse group. However, this assumption has not been tested quantitatively. We use geometric morphometric analyses of skull shape to test whether tenrecs are more morphologically diverse than their closest relatives, the golden moles (Afrosoricida, Chrysochloridae). Tenrecs occupy a wider range of ecological niches than golden moles so we predict that they will be more morphologically diverse. Contrary to our expectations, we find that tenrec skulls are only more morphologically diverse than golden moles when measured in lateral view. Furthermore, similarities among the species-rich Microgale tenrec genus appear to mask higher morphological diversity in the rest of the family. These results reveal new insights into the morphological diversity of tenrecs and highlight the importance of using quantitative methods to test qualitative assumptions about patterns of morphological diversity.
Measuring children and young people’s wellbeing in the school context

Although being rooted in the work of ancient Greek philosophers, contemporary research on wellbeing is a relatively new phenomenon. As a term in the literature, wellbeing is often used interchangeably with others, such as happiness, flourishing, enjoying a good life and life satisfaction. Furthermore, the wellbeing of school-aged children is only beginning to be explored with increasing recognition that research conducted on adults cannot be uncritically applied to children and young people. This paper aims to address some of the complexities in conceptualising, and hence assessing, children and young people’s wellbeing by drawing on a recently completed study examining the role of creative initiatives in fostering wellbeing. The new instrument that was developed to capture children and young people’s perceptions of their wellbeing in school is outlined. Data are presented from a survey of 5170 students from 20 primary and 20 secondary schools across England that identify four dimensions of wellbeing. Differences in self-reported wellbeing relating to age, gender and type of school attended (Creative Partnerships versus other schools) are explored. The implications of these findings, particularly differences related to type of school attended, given the focus of this special issue, are considered.
Luck and Decision

Much recent work on moral responsibility and on distributive justice has addressed the concept of luck. Very little attention has been given to the relation of luck to rationality. How does luck bear on our choices? Can beliefs about luck lead to unwise decisions? These questions have particular relevance for understanding gambling behaviour, and for public policy on gambling. In this paper I argue that no one is reliably lucky, and that projecting luck can undermine rational decision-making. I give various examples to show the conceptual con- nection between luck and unpredictability. I present an a posteriori conception of projectibility, and argue that because lucky events are rationally unexpected, regularity statements about luck fail to satisfy the conditions of projectibility. I reject the claim that 'lucky' is a dispositional term, and thus projectible, on the ground that a dispositional interpretation leads to contradic- tion. I then defend my claim that luck is not projectible against three objections. I conclude with some thoughts about rational responses to luck, using gambling as an illustration. Daniel Dennett calls luck a 'curious concept'. 1 Susan Hurley endorses Dennett's view, adding 'treacherous'. 2 Both remark that Bernard Williams and Thomas Nagel, in their work on moral luck, take the concept of luck more or less for granted. 3 Hurley and Dennett, in contrast, see a need to look closely at luck, in order to understand its bearing on the nature and scope of responsibility. Luck also bears on rationality. As Dennett points out, people often appear to believe that luck is a 'projectible property of people or things'. 4 Such beliefs often inform predictions about future events. People project luck. I will argue that doing this reflects confusion about luck, and can undermine rational decision making. Dennett claims that 'luck is mere luck, not a genuine projectible endowment'. 5 He doesn't defend this claim in detail, but tells a story that he thinks makes it so obvious that it doesn't need further justification. He mentions the sort of circumstances that might lead people to think of luck as 'something real', 6 but not why they misconceive luck in doing so. Many people act as if luck is projectible. We should be alert to the presence of wishful thinking, of wanting luck to be projectible. But we should also recognise the common belief that some of us are lucky and others not, and that people project luck on the basis of that belief. I agree with Dennett that we ought not to project luck. But rather than just pointing out that common attitudes towards luck are often confused, I want to show why luck is not projectible. 7 As well as its theoretical interest, the relationship between beliefs about luck and rational decision making has practical significance. My research on the ethics of gam- bling has made me recognise the need to look closely at the rationality of beliefs about luck, and that in turn requires work on the theory of luck. Many gamblers form beliefs
A new method for optimizing multiplex DNA microsatellite analysis in low quality archival specimens.

BACKGROUND Testing microsatellite instability seems to be a useful tool for the initial screening of putative non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), preceding analysis of germ-line mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes. However, diagnosis of microsatellite instability becomes complicated when highly-damaged DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens has to be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new methodical approach was established based on special multiplex PCR regimes (e.g., on touch-up cycling conditions), allowing both sufficient, as well as specific, amplification of the Bethesda reference panel loci with low quality DNA as template. RESULTS By applying our new method, microsatellite instability could be analyzed successfully in 75 out of 84 investigated tumors (89%), whereas, by using standard PCR protocols, microsatellite analysis failed in 36% of the investigated cases. CONCLUSION Our new methodical approach should be recommended for the use of archival material since it allows an efficient and accurate amplification of the Bethesda marker fragments and is less dependent on the DNA quality.