Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression profiling in human brain tumors.

Gene expression profiling of three human temporal lobe brain tissue samples (normal) and four primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors using oligonucleotide microarrays was done. Moreover, confirmation of altered expression was performed by whole cell patch clamp, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-PCR. Our results identified several ion and solute transport-related genes, such as N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA)-2 receptors, GABA(A) receptor subunits alpha3, beta1, beta2, and beta3, the glutamate transporter, the glutamate/aspartate transporter II, the potassium channel K(V)2.1, hK(V)beta3, and the sodium/proton exchanger 1 (NHE-1), that are all downregulated in the tumors compared with the normal tissues. In contrast, aquaporin-1, possibly aquaporins-3 and -5, and GLUT-3 message appeared upregulated in the tumors. Our results also confirmed previous work showing that osteopontin, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, murine double minute 2 (MDM2), and epithelin (granulin) are upregulated in GBMs. We also demonstrate for the first time that the cytokine and p53 binding protein, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), appears upregulated in GBMs. These results indicate that the modulation of ion and solute transport genes and heretofore unsuspected cytokines (i.e., MIF) may have profound implications for brain tumor cell biology and thus may identify potential useful therapeutic targets in GBMs.
Efficacy of Cannabis-Based Medicines for Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND The management of chronic pain is a complex challenge worldwide. Cannabis-based medicines (CBMs) have proven to be efficient in reducing chronic pain, although the topic remains highly controversial in this field. OBJECTIVES This study's aim is to conduct a conclusive review and meta-analysis, which incorporates all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in order to update clinicians' and researchers' knowledge regarding the efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of CBMs for chronic and postoperative pain treatment. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS An electronic search was conducted using Medline/Pubmed and Google Scholar with the use of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms on all literature published up to July 2015. A follow-up manual search was conducted and included a complete cross-check of the relevant studies. The included studies were RCTs which compared the analgesic effects of CBMs to placebo. Hedges's g scores were calculated for each of the studies. A study quality assessment was performed utilizing the Jadad scale. A meta-analysis was performed utilizing random-effects models and heterogeneity between studies was statistically computed using I² statistic and tau² test. RESULTS The results of 43 RCTs (a total of 2,437 patients) were included in this review, of which 24 RCTs (a total of 1,334 patients) were eligible for meta-analysis. This analysis showed limited evidence showing more pain reduction in chronic pain -0.61 (-0.78 to -0.43, P < 0.0001), especially by inhalation -0.93 (-1.51 to -0.35, P = 0.001) compared to placebo. Moreover, even though this review consisted of some RCTs that showed a clinically significant improvement with a decrease of pain scores of 2 points or more, 30% or 50% or more, the majority of the studies did not show an effect. Consequently, although the primary analysis showed that the results were favorable to CBMs over placebo, the clinical significance of these findings is uncertain. The most prominent AEs were related to the central nervous and the gastrointestinal (GI) systems. LIMITATIONS Publication limitation could have been present due to the inclusion of English-only published studies. Additionally, the included studies were extremely heterogeneous. Only 7 studies reported on the patients' history of prior consumption of CBMs. Furthermore, since cannabinoids are surrounded by considerable controversy in the media and society, cannabinoids have marked effects, so that inadequate blinding of the placebo could constitute an important source of limitation in these types of studies. CONCLUSIONS The current systematic review suggests that CBMs might be effective for chronic pain treatment, based on limited evidence, primarily for neuropathic pain (NP) patients. Additionally, GI AEs occurred more frequently when CBMs were administered via oral/oromucosal routes than by inhalation.Key words: Cannabis, CBMs, chronic pain, postoperative pain, review, meta-analysis.
Quantifying Semantics using Complex Network Analysis

Though it is generally accepted that language models do not capture all aspects of real language, no adequate measures to quantify their shortcomings have been proposed until now. We will use n-gram models as workhorses to demonstrate that the differences between natural and generated language are indeed quantifiable. More specifically, for two algorithmic approaches, we demonstrate that each of them can be used to distinguish real text from generated text accurately and to quantify the difference. Therefore, we obtain a coherent indication how far a language model is from naturalness. Both methods are based on the analysis of co-occurrence networks: a specific graph cluster measure, the transitivity, and a specific kind of motif analysis, where the frequencies of selected motifs are compared. In our study, artificial texts are generated by n-gram models, for n = 2, 3, 4. We found that, the larger n is chosen, the narrower the distance between generated and natural text is. However, even for n = 4, the distance is still large enough to allow an accurate distinction. The motif approach even allows a deeper insight into those semantic properties of natural language that evidently cause these differences: polysemy and synonymy. To complete the picture, we show that another motif-based approach by Milo et al. (2004) does not allow such a distinction. Using our method, it becomes possible for the first time to measure generative language models deficiencies with regard to semantics of natural language.
Demonstration of Wireless Multi-Path Communication to Improve Reliability

The demonstrator described in this work shows wireless multi-path communication to enable Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) for mobile industrial applications in demanding scenarios, that implement closed-loop control systems in a cloud-native manner. We show mobile vehicles that are coordinated precisely through an intersection, controlled by a central entity located in an edge cloud. In order to ensure seamless operation, the connection to the controller needs to be ultra-reliable and with low latency, otherwise the mobile vehicles may crash. To enable this we use a WiFi network as well as a Non Public Network (NPN) of the 5th Generation of cellular mobile communications (5G) network in parallel to increase robustness against delays and losses on each individual link. The audience can experience the benefits of multi-path communication by interacting with the demonstration.
Recent Advances in Imaging of Dopaminergic Neurons for Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Dopamine is the most intensely studied monoaminergic neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic neurotransmission plays an important role in regulating several aspects of basic brain function, including motor, behavior, motivation, and working memory. To date, there are numerous positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers available for targeting different steps in the process of dopaminergic neurotransmission, which permits us to quantify dopaminergic activity in the living human brain. Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system causes Parkinson's disease (PD) and related Parkinsonism. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that has been classically associated with the reinforcing effects of drug abuse. Abnormalities within the dopamine system in the brain are involved in the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine receptors play an important role in schizophrenia and the effect of neuroleptics is through blockage of dopamine D2 receptors. This review will concentrate on the radiotracers that have been developed for imaging dopaminergic neurons, describe the clinical aspects in the assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and suggest future directions in the diagnosis and management of such disorders.
Comparison of Gas Treatments of High Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide, and Nitric Oxide on Ground Beef Color in Modified Atmosphere Packaging

The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability and performance of nitric oxide modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) as a novel alternative to high oxygen and carbon monoxide MAP for ground beef. Packages of ground beef under high oxygen (HI-OX), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO) atmospheres were evaluated for descriptive and instrumental color every 12 h during a 120 h display period. Surface myoglobin percentages, internal cooked color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and residual nitrite and nitrate were also evaluated. There were gas × time interactions for descriptive color, discoloration, a* values, b* values, deoxymyoglobin percentages, and metmyoglobin percentages (p < 0.05). There were also gas-type main effects for cooked color and TBARS (p < 0.05). Carbon monoxide maintained the most redness and least discoloration throughout the display period, while HI-OX started with a bright red color but rapidly browned (p < 0.05). Nitric oxide started as dark red to tannish-red but transitioned to a dull red (p < 0.05). However, NO had increased redness and a* values for internal cooked color (p < 0.05). Although CO outperformed NO packages, NO exhibited a unique color cycle warranting further research to optimize its use.
Cloud Computing Simulators: A Review

Cloud computing is a rapidly advancing technology, primarily propelled by virtualization and the availability of cost-effective pay-as-you-go services. Nonetheless, a significant challenge in this field revolves around evaluating different cloud resource usage models and the capability of cloud systems while adhering to Quality-of-Service limitations. Real-world experiments are often impractical and expensive, leading many researchers to concentrate on developing cloud simulation frameworks that encompass specific components rather than the entire system. Consequently, the selection of the appropriate tools necessitates a comprehensive comparative analysis of available simulators based on various features. This paper offers an extensive comparative analysis of commonly utilized tools for cloud environments. The goal is to equip readers with the means to discern and differentiate the leading simulators in terms of the models they support, their architectural characteristics, and their high-level attributes. This review intends to furnish recommendations for researchers, providers, and managers operating in the cloud environment, aiding them in selecting the most suitable tool for their needs. The evaluation is conducted through practical means, assessing the performance of eight prevalent simulators across a range of scenarios. Additionally, the paper delves into unresolved issues and outlines forthcoming challenges that warrant further exploration in this domain.
Ethnic Differences in the Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies Among Adults With Osteoarthritis

Introduction The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States has been rising steadily, especially among people with chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis. It has been suggested that ethnicity and acculturation may influence use of CAM. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of ethnicity and acculturation on patterns of CAM use among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adults with osteoarthritis. Methods We conducted interviews in person, in English or Spanish, using a 255-item survey. We randomly selected participants aged 18 to 84 years from patients at university-based primary care outpatient clinics who had been diagnosed with osteoarthritis during the previous year. Measures included prevalence and types of CAM use, sociodemographic factors, self-reported ethnicity, and degree of acculturation according to language use. Results The Hispanic (n = 218) and non-Hispanic white (n = 204) populations showed similar rates of overall current CAM use (65.5% Hispanic vs 67.8% NHW) at time of interview. However, although more Hispanics used oral herbs (P = .03) and magnets or copper jewelry (P = .03), more non-Hispanic whites used nutritional supplements (P < .001). Hispanics speaking primarily English mirrored patterns of CAM use among non-Hispanic whites. These effects persisted after controlling for age, sex, income, education, degree of disability, and disease duration. Conclusion In this population, ethnicity was a significant influence on patterns of CAM use but did not affect overall rates of use. Some differences were more pronounced among Spanish-speaking Hispanics, reflecting the incorporation of folk or traditional remedies into their health care practices.
Food messaging: using edible medium for social messaging

Food is more than just a means of survival; it is also a form of communication. In this paper, we investigate the potential of food as a social message carrier (a.k.a., food messaging). To investigate how people accept, use, and perceive food messaging, we conducted exploratory interviews, a field study, and follow-up interviews over four weeks in a large information technology (IT) company. We collected 904 messages sent by 343 users. Our results suggest strong acceptance of food messaging as an alternative message channel. Further analysis implies that food messaging embodies characteristics of both text messaging and gifting. It is preferred in close relationships for its evocation of positive emotions. As the first field study on edible social messaging, our empirical findings provide valuable insights into the uniqueness of food as a message carrier and its capabilities to promote greater social bonding.
The Effectiveness and Usability of a Rehabilitation Program Using the Nintendo Switch to Promote Healthy Aging in Older People with Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Clinical Trial

(1) Background: Healthy aging is the process of developing and maintaining functional capacity and optimizing involvement in order to improve one’s quality of life as people age. This study aimed to encourage healthy aging in people with cognitive impairment, as well as a control group, via the use of the Nintendo Switch combined with occupational therapy sessions, aiming to improve gross and fine motor skills, functionality, quality of life, and cognitive status. (2) Methods: A randomized clinical trial was undertaken. The sample was randomized using the OxMar software program Attribution 4.0 International, facilitating the division into a control group (CG), who received conventional occupational therapy sessions, and an experimental group (EG), who received therapy incorporating the Nintendo Switch, in addition to conventional occupational therapy sessions. The intervention period with the Nintendo Switch lasted for 8 weeks. (3) Results: Thirty-two participants were included in the study. Significant differences were found in the vast majority of the variables analyzed, which shows an improvement following the intervention; these improvements were mainly observed in measures of skill and the perception of quality of life. (4) Conclusions: An eight-week intervention with the Nintendo Switch alongside conventional occupational therapy helps to maintain cognitive status and functional independence. Following 8 weeks of intervention with the Nintendo Switch, improvements in gross motor dexterity, fine motor dexterity, and quality of life were observed in older people with cognitive impairment.
Natural products as alternative treatments for metabolic bone disorders and for maintenance of bone health

Bone metabolism involves a complex balance between the deposition of matrix and mineralization and resorption. There is now good evidence that dietary components and herbal products can influence these processes, particularly by inhibiting bone resorption, thus having beneficial effects on the skeleton. For example, it has been reported that a number of common vegetables, including onion, garlic and parsley, can inhibit bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. Essential oils derived from sage, rosemary, thyme and other herbs inhibit osteoclast activity in vitro and in vitro and leading to an increase in bone mineral density. Soya, a rich source of isoflavones, has shown promising results and epidemiological evidence to support a use in maintaining bone health, and various traditional herbal formulae in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine also have demonstrable effects in pharmacological models of osteoporosis. Recently, cannabinoids have been described as having positive effects on osteoblast differentiation, and the presence of cannabinoid receptors in bone tissue indicates a more complex role in bone metabolism than previously thought. The first part of this review briefly discusses normal bone metabolism and disorders caused by its disruption, with particular reference to osteoporosis and current pharmacological treatments. The effects of natural products on bone and connective tissue are then discussed, to include items of diet, herbal extracts and food supplements, with evidence for their efficacy outlined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different p16INK4a and p14ARF Expression Patterns in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Normal Blood Leukocytes

The p16INK4a gene is often disrupted or transcriptionally silenced by CpG island methylation in human cancers. However, in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) alterations of the INK4a-ARF tumour suppressor locus are rarely found despite the noted variable p16INK4a mRNA and protein levels. The p14ARF, an alternative reading frame protein encoded from the same INK4a-ARF locus, is a potent tumour suppressor functionally linked to p53. There is little known regarding the role of p14ARF in primary human tumours. Therefore, we analysed the expression patterns of these two tumour suppressors in 37 cases of AML. The relative expression of p161NK4a and p14ARF mRNA in AML blasts, measured by a specific p16INKa/p14ARF multiplex RT-PCR, was significantly shifted towards p14ARF whereas relatively lower levels of p16INK4a were detected. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed significantly higher expression of both transcripts in AML blasts when compared to normal differentiated myeloid cells or CD34+ progenitor cells. Furthermore, a good correlation between p16INK4a protein and mRNA was observed, whereas no correlation was found with p14ARF. Our results suggest: a) increased levels of both p16INKa and p14ARF may participate in the pathogenesis of AML, b) that high p14ARF mRNA expression might influence p16INK4a transcription and c) that post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are important for p14ARF expression.
An Observation about Variations of the Diffie-Hellman Assumption

We generalize the Strong Boneh-Boyen (SBB) signature scheme to sign vectors; we call this scheme GSBB. We show that if a particular (but most natural) average case reduction from SBB to GSBB exists, then the Strong Diffie-Hellman (SDH) and the Computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) have the same worst-case complexity.
Gene expression of CYP3A4, ABC‐transporters (MDR1 and MRP1‐MRP5) and hPXR in three different human colon carcinoma cell lines

Colon carcinoma cell lines are used widely as screening models for intestinal absorption of drugs. However, the expression of important transport systems and of metabolic enzymes is not completely characterized yet. The expression and inducibility of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) and cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4 (CYP3A4) was investigated in Caco‐2 parental, Caco‐2 TC‐7 (TC‐7) and LS180 cell lines. In the same three cell lines, we investigated the expression of isoforms of the multidrug resistance associated protein family (MRP1–MRP5) and the human pregnane × receptor (hPXR), which may be important for MDR1 and CYP3A4 induction. Cells were treated with rifampicin or 1α, 25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) for 72 h and the total RNA was extracted. Afterwards reverse transcription real‐time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan) assay was performed to determine the mRNA expression level. We have shown that in LS180 cells, MDR1 and CYP3A4 were inducible with both inducers. In Caco‐2 parental and TC‐7 cells, CYP3A4 was only inducible with 1,25(OH)2D3. Furthermore, differences were shown in gene expression of several transport proteins (MDR1 and MRP1–MRP5) and CYP3A4 in different human colon carcinoma derived cell lines. hPXR mRNA was expressed in all three cell lines but the amount of mRNA detected was significantly higher in LS180 cells than in Caco‐2 and TC‐7 cells. We concluded that LS180 cells were a suitable model to study MDR1 and CYP3A4 induction, but for drug transport studies Caco‐2 parental and TC‐7 cells would be preferred as the more physiological model.
Job Satisfaction among the Nurses Working in Government and Private Hospital in Eastern Part of Nepal

Nursing is a profession which directly deals with the health of the human being. It requires competence, compassion and genuine commitment. So, job satisfaction among the nurses remains the matter of concern because it directly impacts the quality of patient care. The objective of the Study is to assess the level of satisfaction among the nurses. A descriptive Cross-Sectional study was conducted by using self-administered questionnaire among 200 nurses working in different Governmental and Private Hospital in Eastern Part of Nepal. Data was collected from 2080/1/1/ to 2080/6 30. Job Satisfaction was measured by using five-point Likert scale type questionnaire. Descriptive statistics; Mean, Standard Deviation, Percentage and inferential statistics co-relation analysis were utilized to examine data and draw meaningful insight. The findings of the study revealed that 54.5% (109) respondents were satisfied with their job and 45.5% (91) respondents were unsatisfied with their job. Based on the weighted mean score satisfaction level was assessed where the weighted mean was 3.105. Finding showed that there is significant relationship of job satisfaction with salary and type of hospital and there is no any relationship of job satisfaction with designation, age, qualification, marital status and work experience. Level of job satisfaction is more in government hospital than the private hospital. There is significant relationship between level of job satisfaction with its different components and there is significant differences in level of job satisfaction among nurses between government and private hospital. The study was aimed to find out the job satisfaction among nurses. Based on the findings more than half of the nurses were satisfied with their job and it is also showed that there is significant relationship of job satisfaction with salary and type of hospital. There are various factors where nurses are not satisfied such as; job security, self-growth and development, salary, working condition and hospital environment. If there are dissatisfied, they may stimulate the nurses to intend to leave their job/centers. For the quality care to the patient in hospital nurses’ source of job dissatisfaction must be addressed and managed.
A method to detect enteroviruses in sewage sludge-amended soil using the PCR

PCR detection of seeded poliovirus type 1 in sludge-amended soil was made possible by utilizing Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100 resins to remove compounds present in sludge-amended soil that may inhibit PCR. With this method, enteroviruses indigenous to an anerobically digested sludge were detected by PCR in 10 different soils amended with this sludge.