Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Anatomical (Angiosome) and Clinical Territories of Cutaneous Perforating Arteries: Development of the Concept and Designing Safe Flaps

Background: Island “perforator flaps” have become state of the art for free-skin flap transfer. Recent articles by Saint-Cyr et al. and Rozen et al. have focused on the anatomical and the clinical territories of individual cutaneous perforating arteries in flap planning, and it is timely to compare this work with our angiosome concept. Methods: The angiosome concept, published in 1987, was reviewed and correlated with key experimental and clinical work by the authors, published subsequently at different times in different journals. In addition, new data are introduced to define these anatomical and clinical territories of the cutaneous perforators and to aid in the planning of safe skin flaps for local and free-flap transfer. Results: The anatomical territory of a cutaneous perforator was defined in the pig, dog, guinea pig, and rabbit by a line drawn through its perimeter of anastomotic vessels that link it with adjacent perforators in all directions. The safe clinical territory of that perforator, seen not only in the same range of animals but also in the human using either the Doppler probe or computed tomography angiography to locate the vessels, was found reliably to extend to include the anatomical territory of the next adjacent cutaneous perforator, situated radially in any direction. Conclusion: The data provided by Saint-Cyr et al. and Rozen et al., coupled with the authors' own original work on the vascular territories of the body and their subsequent studies, reinforce the angiosome concept and provide the basis for the design of safe flaps for patient benefit.
Process-oriented information logistics: aligning process information with business processes

During the last decade, research in the field of business process management (BPM) has focused on the design, modeling, execution, monitoring, and optimization of business processes. What has been neglected, however, is the provision of knowledge workers and decision makers with needed information when performing knowledge-intensive business processes such as product engineering, customer support, or strategic management. Today, knowledge workers and decision makers are confronted with a massive load of data, making it difficult for them to discover the information relevant for performing their tasks. Particularly challenging in this context is the alignment of process-related information (process information for short), such as e-mails, office files, forms, checklists, guidelines, and best practices, with business processes and their tasks. In practice, process information is not only stored in large, distributed and heterogeneous sources, but usually managed separately from business processes. For example, shared drives, databases, enterprise portals, and enterprise information systems are used to store process information. In turn, business processes are managed using advanced process management technology. As a consequence, process information and business processes often need to be manually linked; i.e., process information is hard-wired to business processes, e.g., in enterprise portals associating specific process information with process tasks. This approach often fails due to high maintenance efforts and missing support for the individual demands of knowledge workers and decision makers. In response to this problem, this thesis introduces process-oriented information logistics (POIL) as new paradigm for delivering the right process information, in the right format and quality, at the right place and the right point in time, to the right people. In particular, POIL allows for the process-oriented, context-aware (i.e., personalized) delivery of process information to process participants. The goal is to no longer manually hard-wire process information to business processes, but to automatically identify and deliver relevant process information to knowledge workers and decision makers. The core component of POIL is a semantic information network (SIN), which comprises homogeneous information objects (e.g., e-mails, office files, guidelines), process objects (e.g., tasks, events, roles), and relationships between them. In particular, a SIN allows discovering objects linked with each other in different ways, e.g., objects addressing the same topic or needed when performing a particular process task. The SIN not only enables an integrated formal representation of process information and business processes, but also allows determining the relevance of process information for a given work context based on novel techniques and algorithms. Note that this becomes crucial in order to achieve the aforementioned overall goal of this thesis.
Polymer Homo‐Tandem Solar Cells with Best Efficiency of 11.3%

Rational materials design and interface engineering are both essential to realize a high performance for tandem cells. Two identical bulk heterojunctions are connected in series using novel interconnection layers combining pH-neutral conjugated polyelectrolytes and a thin film of ZnO nanoparticles by a solution process. The best performing tandem cells achieve a power conversion efficiency of 11.3%, with 25% enhancement in efficiency compared with single cells, which arises primarily from the increased light absorption.
Surgery of the endolymphatic sac.

FOR this lecture in memory of George Morrison Coates, it is fitting to choose a subject that is in the forefront of otosurgical interest. It is easy to forget that in the beginning the operation that revolutionized otologic surgery, the one-stage fenestration operation, was vigorously opposed by nearly all of the leaders in otology. Dr. Coates and Dr. James Babbitt of Philadelphia, almost alone of the senior otologists of that time, recognized this new procedure as a significant advance and gave their full support to the small group of Lempert's early students who met once a year as the Otosclerosis Study Groups. Until his death, Dr. Coates attended each meeting of this group, lending his mature judgment to the discussions. For this lecture, I have chosen to discuss the endolymphatic sac, a neglected part of the auditory mechanism, nearly forgotten by the clinician and ignored by the otologic surgeon. The
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Saudi Arabia : A Survey

By A. P. Giiiii W ITHIN THE PAST 10 years the pathogenesis of certain drug-induced hemolytic anemias and favism has been clarified by a number of investigators.14 Primaquine sensitivity, among others, is now known to be associated with a deficiency of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD). The incidence of this defect has been estimated at approximately 10 per cent among American negroes and is found in variable frequency among a number of ethnic groups in the Mediterranean littoral, Middle East, and Africa. A survey of the incidence of G-6-PD deficiency has not previously been made on the Arabian peninsula and it is the purpose of this communication to provide some preliminary data relating to the incidence of G-6-PD deficiency in Saudi Arabia.
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses: Genetic Variability, Tropism and Diagnosis

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) cause a multisystemic chronic disease affecting animal production and welfare. SRLV infections are spread across the world with the exception of Iceland. Success in controlling SRLV spread depends largely on the use of appropriate diagnostic tools, but the existence of a high genetic/antigenic variability among these viruses, the fluctuant levels of antibody against them and the low viral loads found in infected individuals hamper the diagnostic efficacy. SRLV have a marked in vivo tropism towards the monocyte/macrophage lineage and attempts have been made to identify the genome regions involved in tropism, with two main candidates, the LTR and env gene, since LTR contains primer binding sites for viral replication and the env-encoded protein (SU ENV), which mediates the binding of the virus to the host’s cell and has hypervariable regions to escape the humoral immune response. Once inside the host cell, innate immunity may interfere with SRLV replication, but the virus develops counteraction mechanisms to escape, multiply and survive, creating a quasi-species and undergoing compartmentalization events. So far, the mechanisms of organ tropism involved in the development of different disease forms (neurological, arthritic, pulmonary and mammary) are unknown, but different alternatives are proposed. This is an overview of the current state of knowledge on SRLV genetic variability and its implications in tropism as well as in the development of alternative diagnostic assays.
Effect of Internal Marketing on Hotels: Empirical Evidence for Internal Customers

Internal marketing is a concept where firms apply marketing tools to attract and retain the best employees that will later affect business performance in monetary and nonmonetary terms. This article deals with the effect of internal marketing in hotels on their performance, based upon data obtained from India. Researchers identified the constructs of internal marketing: interfunctional coordination and integration, job satisfaction, job security, empowerment, employee motivation, vision of the organization, quality of service, employee development, strategic reward, and senior leadership. Researchers analyzed the effects of these processes on interactive marketing and thereby business performance. This study seeks to help organizations design their own internal marketing plan by outlining the important elements necessary to improve the business performance of hotels.
Use of visual feedback in retraining balance following acute stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Visual feedback related to weight distribution and center-of-pressure positioning has been shown to be effective in increasing stance symmetry following stroke, although it is not clear whether functional balance ability also improves. This study compared the relative effectiveness of visual feedback training of center-of-gravity (CoG) positioning with conventional physical therapy following acute stroke. SUBJECTS Forty-six people who had strokes within 80 days before the study, resulting in unilateral hemiparesis, and who were in need of balance retraining participated. METHODS AND MATERIALS Initially, subjects were randomly assigned to visual feedback or conventional physical therapy groups for balance retraining until 16 subjects per group were recruited. The next 14 subjects were assigned to a control group. All subjects received physical therapy and occupational therapy (regular therapy) 2 hours a day, and subjects in the 2 experimental groups received additional balance training 30 minutes a day until discharge. The visual feedback group received information about their CoG position as they shifted their weight during various activities. The conventional therapy group received verbal and tactile cues to encourage symmetrical stance and weight shifting. Static (postural sway) and activity-based measures of balance (Berg Balance Scale, gait speed, and the Timed "Up & Go" Test) were contrasted across the 3 groups at baseline, at discharge, and at 1 month following discharge using an analysis of variance for repeated measures. RESULTS All groups demonstrated marked improvement over time for all measures of balance ability, with the greatest improvements occurring in the period from baseline to discharge. No between-group differences were detected in any of the outcome measures. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION Visual feedback or conventional balance training in addition to regular therapy affords no added benefit when offered in the early stages of rehabilitation following stroke.
Steady State Analysis of an Open Economy General Equilibrium Model for Brazil

The aim of the present research is to build an open economy recursive general equilibrium model for the Brazilian economy in order to numerically assess the corresponding steady state equilibrium. This characterization allows us to numerically compute the endogenously determined steady state key relationship, namely the primary surplus aggregate output as well as the debt-product ratio among other variables, as functions of the monetary and fiscal policy parameters chosen by the government of the model economy. The adopted model introduces a transaction technology, which allows us to obtain a monetary equilibrium at steady state. This economy differs from the one used by Ljungqvist and Sargent (2000) for it considers an open economy with accumulation and production. The main result has shown that under the adopted parameterization the steady state of the model economy can numerically characterized by a debt output ratio of 0.3387. The numerical simulations show alternative steady states attainable by the government of the model economy. In order to finance higher expenses the government is bounded to trade-off higher interest rate (low inflation or high return on real money balances) with low operational surpluses due to the higher debt output ratio at the long run equilibrium.
Malaysia and the Asian Financial Crisis: A View from the Finance Perspective

In early 1997, the Malaysian stock market index began a downward spiral together with stock markets of several ASEAN countries. On 14 July 1997, Bank Negara of Malaysia gave up the defence of the Malaysian ringgit after jacking up the short rate to 50% and spending US$10 billions on unsuccessful monetary operations. Two years on, much has happened and the Asian crisis appears to be history. However, in many respects, the Asian crisis has had a much greater and more averse impact on Malaysia than the world market crash in October 1987. This paper analyses the Malaysian share of the 1997 Asian crisis. The Malaysian stock market, often classified as an emerging or developing stock market together with the other Asian markets, is shown to possess characteristics distinct from the developed stock markets in the US and the UK. A strong contagion effect in the region was present although it is debatable if it was due to investor herding behavior or the interrelated cross border trades. There is no evidence that many useful techniques, such as diversification across time, stripping dividends and hedging, have been implemented in the Malaysian context. The Malaysian government has managed the crisis well under the circumstances. In some respects, South Africa has many features similar to those of Malaysia; the close tie with the neighbouring countries, the internal racial conflict, the rich natural resources and the potential for strong growths. There are many useful lessons to be learnt from the experience in Malaysia.
IS TILAPIA THE SAME PRODUCT WORLDWIDE OR ARE MARKETS SEGMENTED?

Tilapia is one of the fastest growing aquaculture species in the world. It is produced and consumed in all continents and in more countries than most other species, making the market more heterogeneous than for other successful aquaculture species such as salmon and shrimp. This paper investigates the degree of market integration between tilapia from the three largest production regions, Asia, Africa and South and Central America. We consider differences in the production methods, transport costs and qualities of these regions and determine whether tilapia products from different producers can essentially be considered the “same” product. This is important if the rapid worldwide development of farmed tilapia and its future development prospects are to be better understood.
Issues in the Pricing of Synthetic Cdos

In this article, we discuss the standard pricing model framework for synthetic CDOs. Though the standard framework is by now well accepted, how the model is implemented precisely and, importantly, how the model is applied, vary across the marketplace. We discuss some of the outstanding implementation and application issues, and propose a number of questions that further research on the model should seek to address.
Examining the Impact of Maternal Health, Race, and Socioeconomic Status on Daughter’s Self-Rated Health Over Three Decades

This study examines the role of mother’s health and socioeconomic status on daughter’s self-rated health using data spanning three decades from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Mature Women and Young Women (N = 1,848 matched mother–daughter pairs; 1,201 White and 647 African American). Using nested growth curve models, we investigated whether mother’s self-rated health affected the daughter’s self-rated health and whether socioeconomic status mediated this relationship. Mother’s health significantly influenced daughters’ self-rated health, but the findings were mediated by mother’s socioeconomic status. African American daughters reported lower self-rated health and experienced more decline over time compared with White daughters, accounting for mother’s and daughter’s covariates. Our findings reveal maternal health and resources as a significant predictor of daughters’ self-rated health and confirm the role of socioeconomic status and racial disparities over time.
Summary of the SRNT treatment network Webinar: getting SMART about developing individualized sequences of health interventions.

• Are individually tailored time-varying treatments composed of • a sequence of critical treatment decisions • tailoring variables • decision rules, one per critical decision; decision rules input tailoring variables and output individualized treatment recommendation(s). • Operationalize clinical practice. • Overall goal: prevent relapse to alcohol abuse • Critical treatment decisions: which treatment to provide first? ; which treatment to provide second? • Tailoring variable: heavy drinking days Decision Rules First alcohol dependent individuals are provided Naltrexone along with Medical Management. IF an individual experiences 3 or more heavy drinking days prior to 8 weeks THEN the individual's Naltrexone treatment is augmented with Combine Behavioral Intervention. ELSE IF the individual successfully completes 8 weeks with fewer than 3 heavy drinking days THEN the individual is provided a prescription to Naltrexone along with Telephone Disease Management. • From the individual/patient/client's point of view: a sequence of (individualized) treatments • From the clinical scientist's point of view: a sequence of decision rules that recommend one or more treatments at each critical decision. More examples of critical treatment decisions and tailoring variables • Critical treatment decisions: how long to try the first treatment? ; how should a treatment be delivered? ; how intensive should a treatment be? When to stop/start treatment? • Tailoring variables: severity of illness, presence of comorbid mental or physical conditions, family support, adherence to present treatment, side effects resulting from present treatment, symptoms while in treatment.
A comparison of the effects of nabumetone vs meloxicam on serum thromboxane B2 and platelet function in healthy volunteers.

AIMS To compare the effects of nabumetone and meloxicam, two cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) preferential nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), on platelet COX-1 activity and platelet function. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers (3 male, 9 female, median age 22 years) participated in an open, randomized, cross-over trial of nabumetone 1000 mg twice daily vs meloxicam 7.5 mg twice daily during 1 week with 2 weeks wash-out. After a second 2 week wash-out period, one dose of indomethacin 50 mg was given as a positive control to check for NSAID induced inhibition of platelet function. COX-1 inhibition was measured as percentage inhibition of serum TXB2 generation in clotting whole blood, and as closure time with use of the platelet function analyser PFA-100. Data are reported as median with range. Paired variables were analysed using Wilcoxons signed rank test. RESULTS TXB2 levels decreased significantly after all three medications, but percentage inhibition after nabumetone and indomethacin (88% and 97%, respectively) was significantly higher than after meloxicam (63%) (P<0.05). Closure times increased significantly after administration of all three medications (P<0.05). Increases in closure time after administration did not differ between nabumetone and meloxicam (24% and 14%, respectively), but were significantly larger after indomethacin administration (63%) (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the maximum registered dosage, nabumetone inhibits thromboxane production much more than meloxicam, signifying less COX-2 selectivity of the former. However, both nabumetone and meloxicam cause only minor impairment in platelet function in comparison with indomethacin and the difference between them is not significant.
Genetic Determinism vs. Phenotypic Plasticity in Protist Morphology

Untangling the relationships between morphology and phylogeny is key to building a reliable taxonomy, but is especially challenging for protists, where the existence of cryptic or pseudocryptic species makes finding relevant discriminant traits difficult. Here we use Hyalosphenia papilio (a testate amoeba) as a model species to investigate the contribution of phylogeny and phenotypic plasticity in its morphology. We study the response of H. papilio morphology (shape and pores number) to environmental variables in (i) a manipulative experiment with controlled conditions (water level), (ii) an observational study of a within‐site natural ecological gradient (water level), and (iii) an observational study across 37 European peatlands (climate). We showed that H. papilio morphology is correlated to environmental conditions (climate and water depth) as well as geography, while no relationship between morphology and phylogeny was brought to light. The relative contribution of genetic inheritance and phenotypic plasticity in shaping morphology varies depending on the taxonomic group and the trait under consideration. Thus, our data call for a reassessment of taxonomy based on morphology alone. This clearly calls for a substantial increase in taxonomic research on these globally still under‐studied organisms leading to a reassessment of estimates of global microbial eukaryotic diversity.
Policy Processes for Low Carbon Innovation in the UK: Successes, failures and lessons

This paper analyses recent, current and potential future relations between policy processes and substantive outcomes in UK low carbon innovation policy. It examines the development of policy processes relating to the adoption and implementation of the Renewables Obligation and how these may affect the current and likely future success of the Obligation in promoting low carbon innovation. It looks at the new policy and institutional processes put in place in the 2003 Energy White Paper and argues that these are unlikely to provide the strategic long-term framework needed to realize the ambitious goals for UK energy policy set out in the White Paper. Finally, it outlines some suggestions for further development of policy processes to facilitate improved delivery of these goals, based on guiding principles for sustainable innovation policy processes, developed by the authors and colleagues.