Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photosynthetic parameters in the Beaufort Sea in relation to the phytoplankton community structure

To model phytoplankton primary production from remotely sensed data, a method to estimate photosynthetic parameters describing the photosynthetic rates per unit biomass is required. Variability in these parameters must be related to environmental variables that are measurable remotely. In the Arctic, a limited number of measurements of photosynthetic parameters have been carried out with the concurrent environmental variables needed. Such measurements and their relationship to environmental variables will be required to improve the accuracy of remotely sensed estimates of phytoplankton primary production and our ability to predict future changes. During the MALINA cruise, a large dataset of these parameters was obtained. Together with previously published datasets, we use environmental and trophic variables to provide functional relationships for these parameters. In particular, we describe several specific aspects: the maximum rate of photosynthesis ( P max chl ) normalized to chlorophyll decreases with depth and is higher for communities composed of large cells; the saturation parameter ( E k ) decreases with depth but is independent of the community structure; and the initial slope of the photosynthesis versus irradiance curve ( α chl ) normalized to chlorophyll is independent of depth but is higher for communities composed of larger cells. The photosynthetic parameters were not influenced by temperature over the range encountered during the cruise (−2 to 8 °C).
Harnessing Data Flow and Modelling Potentials for Sustainable Development

Tackling the global challenges relating to health, poverty, business, and the environment is heavily dependent on the flow and utilisation of data. However, while enhancements in data generation, storage, modelling, dissemination, and the related integration of global economies and societies are fast transforming the way we live and interact, the resulting dynamic, globalised, information society remains digitally divided. On the African continent in particular, this division has resulted in a gap between the knowledge generation and its transformation into tangible products and services. This paper proposes some fundamental approaches for a sustainable transformation of data into knowledge for the purpose of improving the people's quality of life. Its main strategy is based on a generic data sharing model providing access to data utilising and generating entities in a multi-disciplinary environment. It highlights the great potentials in using unsupervised and supervised modelling in tackling the typically predictive-in-nature challenges we face. Using both simulated and real data, the paper demonstrates how some of the key parameters may be generated and embedded in models to enhance their predictive power and reliability. The paper's conclusions include a proposed implementation framework setting the scene for the creation of decision support systems capable of addressing the key issues in society. It is expected that a sustainable data flow will forge synergies among the private sector, academic, and research institutions within and among countries. It is also expected that the paper's findings will help in the design and development of knowledge extraction from data in the wake of cloud computing and, hence, contribute towards the improvement in the people's overall quality of life. To avoid running high implementation costs, selected open source tools are recommended for developing and sustaining the system.
“The Inner Theater”

Nonverbal affective signals may not only serve as a valuable guide in any day-to-day social encounter, but their role may also translate to the world of literature and storytelling. This article presents a series of three experiments aimed at investigating the processing of emotional facial expressions and nonverbal vocal signals (e.g., prosody, laughter) described in literature. Experiments addressed research questions relating to processes of imagery and simulation that may guide the decoding of described vocal and facial cue with the experimental designs relying on both behavioral and psychophysiological measures (e.g., ratings of emotional valence, auditory and visual imagery, and skin conductance response). Results obtained in these studies indicated that not only the codes and symbols used to convey emotional information in literature may resemble real-life experiences, but similarities may also emerge with respect to the perceptual mechanisms used to derive meaning from described emotional cues. Observations of a vivid, modality-specific mental imagery evoked during reading suggest that reader may, in fact, emulate perceptual experiences associated with actually seeing or hearing similar affective cues during everyday social exchange. Latter assumptions are further corroborated by the observations of emotion-modulated changes in skin conductance responses elicited during reading suggesting that mental representations formed in the process may not only include vivid visual or auditory impressions of described facial and vocal cues but may also comprise bodily representations of the emotional states associated with the depicted affective cues.
Spatial diversity in MIMO communication systems with distributed or co-located antennas

The use of multiple antennas in wireless communication systems has gained much attention during the last decade. It was shown that such multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems offer huge advantages over single-antenna systems. Typically, quite restrictive assumptions are made concerning the spacing of the individual antenna elements. On the one hand, it is typically assumed that the antenna elements at transmitter and receiver are co-located, i.e., they belong to some sort of antenna array. On the other hand, it is often assumed that the antenna spacings are sufficiently large, so as to justify the assumption of independent fading. In this thesis, the above assumptions are relaxed. In the first part, it is shown that MIMO systems with distributed antennas and MIMO systems with co-located antennas can be treated in a single, unifying framework. In the second part this fact is utilized, in order to develop appropriate transmit power allocation strategies for co-located and distributed MIMO systems. Finally, the third part focuses on specific synchronization problems that are of interest for distributed MIMO systems.
Multi-Agent System in Urban Traffic Signal Control

Multi-agent system is a rapidly developing field of distributed artificial intelligence that has gained significant importance because of its ability to solve complex real-world problems. It provides a highly flexible and modular structure, which incorporates the domain expertise in the system, to achieve the optimal solution. Multi-agent system also allows a problem to be divided into smaller sub-problems that require less domain expertise compared to solving the problem as a whole. In recent years, multi-agent system has gained significant attention in solving traffic signal control problems because of the advantages it offers in solving complex problems with uncertainties. In this paper, two different types of multi-agent architectures that have been implemented on a simulated complex urban traffic network in Singapore for adaptive intelligent signal control are discussed. The results obtained indicate the superior performance of the multi-agent signal controller in comparison to pre-timed and signal control methods which are currently in use.
Cearoin Induces Autophagy, ERK Activation and Apoptosis via ROS Generation in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

Neuroblastomas are the most common solid extracranial tumors in childhood. We investigated the anticancer effect of cearoin isolated from Dalbergia odorifera in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with various doses of cearoin. The viability was measured by MTT assay. DCFDA fluorescence assay and Griess assay were used for the measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to clarify the molecular pathway involved. Cearoin induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Cearoin increased the phosporylation of ERK, the conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II, decrease in Bcl2 expression, the activation of caspase-3, and the cleavage of PARP, indicating the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, cearoin treatment increased the production of ROS and NO. Co-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine completely abolished cearoin-mediated autophagy, ERK activation and apoptosis, suggesting the critical role of ROS in cearoin-induced anticancer effects. Moreover, co-treatment with ERK inhibitor PD98059 partially reversed cearoin-induced cell death, indicating the involvement of ERK in cearoin anticancer effects. These data reveal that cearoin induces autophagy, ERK activation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, which is mediated primarily by ROS generation, suggesting its therapeutic application for the treatment of neuroblastomas.
Marginal Bone Level Evaluation after Functional Loading Around Two Different Dental Implant Designs

Purpose. To investigate peri-implant alveolar bone changes using periapical radiographs before and after prosthetic delivery in submerged and nonsubmerged dental implants. Methods. Digital periapical films of 60 ITI Straumann nonsubmerged dental implants and 60 Xive Dentsply submerged dental implants were taken before, immediately after, and 12 and 24 weeks after the prosthetic restoration was delivered. Results. The 60-nonsubmerged dental implant group showed mean marginal bone resorption at baseline of 0.10 ± 0.23 mm and 24 weeks later, marginal bone resorption was 0.16 ± 0.25 mm. The submerged dental implant group showed a significantly higher distal marginal bone resorption over the mesial side. Mean marginal bone resorption at baseline was 0.16 ± 0.32 on the mesial and 0.41 ± 0.56 on the distal side. Twenty-four weeks later, it was 0.69 ± 0.69 mm on the mesial and 0.99 ± 0.90 mm on the distal side. Conclusion. First, it was possible to determine that submerged implants had a higher mean marginal bone resorption and less bone-to-implant contact than nonsubmerged implants. And second, the distal side of submerged dental implants presented higher marginal bone loss than the mesial side.
Automatic Registration of Multi‐Projector Domes Using a Single Uncalibrated Camera

In this paper we present a novel technique for easily calibrating multiple casually aligned projectors on spherical domes using a single uncalibrated camera. Using the prior knowledge of the display surface being a dome, we can estimate the camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters and the projector to display surface correspondences automatically using a set of images. These images include the image of the dome itself and a projected pattern from each projector. Using these correspondences we can register images from the multiple projectors on the dome. Further, we can register displays which are not entirely visible in a single camera view using multiple pan and tilted views of an uncalibrated camera making our method suitable for displays of different size and resolution. We can register images from any arbitrary viewpoint making it appropriate for a single head‐tracked user in a 3D visualization system. Also, we can use several cartographic mapping techniques to register images in a manner that is appropriate for multi‐user visualization.
Capacitance reconstruction from measured C-V in high leakage, nitride/oxide MOS

A reconstruction technique of the gate capacitance from anomalous capacitance-voltage (C-V) curves in high leakage dielectric MOSFETs is presented. An RC network is used to accommodate the distributed nature of MOSFETs and an optimization technique is applied to extract the intrinsic gate capacitance. Applicability of the method is demonstrated for ultra-thin nitride/oxide (N/O /spl sim/1.4 nm/0.7 nm) composite dielectric MOSFETs.
Towards a New Vision of Sustainable Development in Africa: Presidential Address to 1990 Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association

When I retired as chair of the economics departments of the University of Zambia, then later of Zimbabwe, tradition required that, like all expatriate department heads, I give an inaugural address. Both times, I wondered why. After all, I was leaving not only the university but the country. I could no longer inaugurate anything. Tonight, however, as I leave the presidency of the African Studies Association, the job is just beginning. Opening the decade of the 1990s, this ASA Annual meeting will complete the first phase of the work of the Task Force the ASA Board set up in Atlanta a year ago. On this foundation, together with our African colleagues, we hope to inaugurate increasingly collaborative efforts to support the attainment of sustainable development in Africa. As Africanists, we have always understood Africa's close historical ties to our own country, its rich contributions to our own cultural and artistic heritage. At the same time, our work has brought home to us more than to many Americans, the impact of the deepening economic, social and political crisis that has seemingly engulfed all aspects of African life. We all know the economic features of that crisis: worsening terms of trade, growing national and international debt, devaluation and austerity programs which have undermined the real incomes of most Africans. Many of us have helped document the social impact of drastic reductions in programs for education, health and environment, especially on women and children.
Banking Sector Performance in Some Latin American Countries: Market Power versus Efficiency

The wave of consolidation and the rapid increase in market concentration that took place in most Latin American countries has generated concerns about the rise in banks' market power and its potential effects on consumers. This paper advances the existing literature by testing the market power (Structure-Conduct-Performance and Relative Market Power) and efficient structure (X- and scale efficiency) hypotheses for a sample of over 2,500 bank observations in nine Latin American countries over 1997-2005. We use the Data Envelopment Analysis technique to obtain reliable efficiency measures. We produce evidence supporting the efficient structure hypotheses. Finally, capital ratios and bank size seem to be among the most important factors in explaining profits for these Latin American banks.
Structural insights into the multispecific recognition of dipeptides of 3 deep-sea Gram-negative bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp . SM 9913

5 Chun-Yang Li, Xiu-Lan Chen, Qi-Long Qin, Peng Wang, Wei-Xin Zhang, Bin-Bin 6 Xie, Hai-Nan Su, Xi-Ying Zhang , Bai-Cheng Zhou and Yu-Zhong Zhang 7 8 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, 9 Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, 10 China 11 12 13 † Address correspondence to: Xi-Ying Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, 14 Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China. 15 Tel: +86-531-88364326, Fax: +86-531-88564326, E-mail: zhangxiying@sdu.edu. cn. 16 17 18 Running title: Dipeptides recognition of marine bacteria 19 20 21
Analysis of Genomic Enrichment ( STAGE ) Mapping the chromosomal targets of STAT 1 by Sequence Tag data

data Supplementary http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/910/DC1 "Supplemental Research Data" References http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/910#References This article cites 27 articles, 9 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Freely available online through the Genome Research Open Access option. service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the
A Method for Automatically Constructing Case Frames for English

Case frames are an important knowledge base for a variety of natural language processing (NLP) systems. For the practical use of these systems in the real world, wide-coverage case frames are required. In order to acquire such large-scale case frames, in this paper, we automatically compile case frames from a large corpus. The resultant case frames that are compiled from the English Gigaword corpus contain 9,300 verb entries. The case frames include most examples of normal usage, and are ready to be used in numerous NLP analyzers and applications.
Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction*

Background: Herpes simplex virus attachment protein gC comprises a glycosaminoglycan-binding site and a mucin-like region. Results: Removal of the mucin-like region modifies gC interaction with glycosaminoglycans. Conclusion: The mucin-like region balances the gC-glycosaminoglycan interaction during virus binding to and release from target cells. Significance: The finding might be of relevance for similar proteins on other GAG-binding viruses. Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. gC contains a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity. Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. Both native gC and gCΔmuc bound via the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan, confirming binding specificity. In contrast to native gC, gCΔmuc exhibited a decreased affinity for GAGs and a slower dissociation, indicating that once formed, the gCΔmuc-GAG complex is more stable. It was also found that a larger number of gCΔmuc bound to a single GAG chain, compared with native gC. Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells.
Development of an Earthquake Early Warning System Using Real-Time Strong Motion Signals

As urbanization progresses worldwide, earthquakes pose serious threat to lives and properties for urban areas near major active faults on land or subduction zones offshore. Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) can be a useful tool for reducing earthquake hazards, if the spatial relation between cities and earthquake sources is favorable for such warning and their citizens are properly trained to respond to earthquake warning messages. An EEW system forewarns an urban area of forthcoming strong shaking, normally with a few sec to a few tens of sec of warning time, i.e., before the arrival of the destructive S-wave part of the strong ground motion. Even a few second of advanced warning time will be useful for pre-programmed emergency measures for various critical facilities, such as rapid-transit vehicles and high-speed trains to avoid potential derailment; it will be also useful for orderly shutoff of gas pipelines to minimize fire hazards, controlled shutdown of high-technological manufacturing operations to reduce potential losses, and safe-guarding of computer facilities to avoid loss of vital databases. We explored a practical approach to EEW with the use of a ground-motion period parameter τc and a high-pass filtered vertical displacement amplitude parameter Pd from the initial 3 sec of the P waveforms. At a given site, an earthquake magnitude could be determined from τc and the peak ground-motion velocity (PGV) could be estimated from Pd. In this method, incoming strong motion acceleration signals are recursively converted to ground velocity and displacement. A P-wave trigger is constantly monitored. When a trigger occurs, τc and Pd are computed. The earthquake magnitude and the on-site ground-motion intensity could be estimated and the warning could be issued. In an ideal situation, such warnings would be available within 10 sec of the origin time of a large earthquake whose subsequent ground motion may last for tens of seconds.
Tracking white road line by particle filter from the video sequence acquired by the camera attached to a walking human body

This paper proposes a method for tracking and recognizing the white line marked in the surface of the road from the video sequence acquired by the camera attached to a walking human, towards the actualization of an automatic navigation system for the visually handicapped. Our proposed method consists of two main modules: (1) Particle Filter based module for tracking the white line, and (2) CLAFIC Method based module for classifying whether the tracked object is the white line. In (1), each particle is a rectangle, and is described by its centroid's coordinates and its orientation. The likelihood of a particle is computed based on the number of white pixels in the rectangle. In (2), in order to obtain the ranges (to be used for the recognition) for the white line's length and width, Principal Component Analysis is applied to the covariance matrix obtained from valid sample particles. At each frame, PCA is applied to the covariance matrix constructed from particles with high likelihood, and if the obtained length and width are within the abovementioned ranges, it is recognized as the white line. Experimental results using real video sequences show the validity of the proposed method.
Diathesis alternation approximation for verb clustering

Although diathesis alternations have been used as features for manual verb classification, and there is recent work on incorporating such features in computational models of human language acquisition, work on large scale verb classification has yet to examine the potential for using diathesis alternations as input features to the clustering process. This paper proposes a method for approximating diathesis alternation behaviour in corpus data and shows, using a state-of-the-art verb clustering system, that features based on alternation approximation outperform those based on independent subcategorization frames. Our alternation-based approach is particularly adept at leveraging information from less frequent data.
Signature codes for the A-channel and collusion-secure multimedia fingerprinting codes

We consider collusion-resistant fingerprinting codes for multimedia content. We show that the corresponding IPP-codes may trace all guilty users and at the same time have exponentially many code words. We also establish an equivalence between signature codes for the A-channel and multimedia fingerprinting codes and prove that the rate of the best t-signature codes for A-channel is at least Θ(t-2). Finally, we construct a family of t-signature codes for the A-channel with polynomial decoding complexity and rate Θ(t-3).