Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teacher's workplace : the social organization of schools

Social organization varies greatly from school to school, and this variation fosters different, though equally valid, conceptions of teaching. In this book, the author presents problems and successes that recur in 78 diverse elementary schools. Through qualitative (teacher questionnaires and open-ended interviews) and quantitative research, Rosenholtz enlightens the reader to realize the promise of some teachers impacting their school systems on a district-level magnitude, as well as the perils of other teachers being impacted by the same system. By recognizing the universality of this dual nature, the author believes teachers can affect their teaching environment, and their personal future, for the better.
Towards rule-based pattern perspective for BPMN 2.0 business process models

Rules and processes constitute powerful representation forms. Although the same notions can be expressed in both of these representations, there is a significant difference in abstraction levels between processes and rules. In practice, rules are mostly used for the specification of rule task logic in processes. In this paper, we present various options where and how rules can be perceived in business processes. We introduce rule-based pattern perspective for process models, focusing on BPMN 2.0 Business Process Models.
Investigating Human Perceptions of Trust in Robots for Safe HRI in Home Environments

In an era in which robots take a part in our lives in daily living activities, humans have to trust robots in home environments. We aim to create guidelines that allow humans to trust robots to be able to look after their well-being by adopting human-like behaviours. We want to study a Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) to assess whether a certain degree of transparency in the robots actions, the use of social behaviours and natural communications can affect humans' sense of trust and companionship towards the robots. However, trust can change over time due to different factors, e.g. due to perceiving erroneous robot behaviors. We believe that the magnitude and the timing of the error during an interaction may have different impacts resulting in different scales of loss of trust and of restoring lost trust.
Methylation of cyclin D2 is observed frequently in pancreatic cancer but is also an age-related phenomenon in gastrointestinal tissues.

PURPOSE Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoters of selected genes is a common feature of neoplasia. Aberrant methylation of cyclin D2 has been observed in several cancers. We investigated the methylation of cyclin D2 in aging and pancreatic neoplastic development, and the utility of cyclin D2 methylation as a marker of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Methylation-specific PCR was performed on DNA from 165 resected pancreatic exocrine neoplasms [109 adenocarcinomas, 46 intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and 10 mucinous cystic neoplasms], 14 pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms, 13 microdissected-normal pancreatic ductal epithelia, 25 normal pancreatic parenchyma, 51 specimens of pancreatic juice obtained perioperatively, 15 pancreatic cancer xenografts, 22 pancreatic cancer cell lines, 59 specimens of normal duodenum, and 49 gallbladders affected by cholecystitis. Cyclin D2 RNA expression was determined in pancreatic cancer cell lines, before and after 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, by reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS Methylation of cyclin D2 was identified in 65.1% (71 of 109) of primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas, in 50% (23 of 46) of IPMNs, and in 70% (7 of 10) of mucinous cystic neoplasms, but was detected infrequently in microdissected samples of normal pancreatic epithelia [7.7% (1 of 13)] and in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms [14.3% (2 of 14)]. Cyclin D2 methylation was also recognized in 10 of 15 (66.7%) pancreatic cancer xenografts and in 19 of 22 (86.4%) pancreatic cancer cell lines. All of 10 pancreatic cancer cell lines completely methylated at cyclin D2 showed no expression by reverse transcription-PCR. Four of these 10 cell lines were treated with 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine, and all 4 showed increased RNA expression of cyclin D2 after treatment. In pancreatic juice, cyclin D2 methylation was detected in 9 of 22 (40.9%) samples from patients with pancreatic cancer and in 6 of 9 (66.7%) patients with IPMNs, but in none of 20 non-neoplastic controls, respectively (P = 0.0013 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Methylation of cyclin D2 was also observed more in non-neoplastic tissues and with increasing age (P = 0.041 in the pancreas, P = 0.047 in the duodenum, and P = 0.0008 in the gallbladder). CONCLUSIONS The promoter region of cyclin D2 undergoes age-related methylation in multiple tissues, but aberrant methylation is more often detected in tissues and juice samples of pancreatic cancer than in normal tissues. The detection of cyclin D2 methylation in pancreatic juice may aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Lessons from Stuxnet

The article mentions that the malware such as Stuxnet can affect critical physical infrastructures that are controlled by software, which implies that threats might extend to real lives. Stuxnet differs from past malware in several ways. First, most malware tries to infect as many computers as possible, whereas Stuxnet appears to target industrial control systems and delivers its pay load under very specific conditions. Second, Stuxnet is larger and more complex than other malware. It cotains exploits for four vulnerabilities.
Why workflows break — Understanding and combating decay in Taverna workflows

Workflows provide a popular means for preserving scientific methods by explicitly encoding their process. However, some of them are subject to a decay in their ability to be re-executed or reproduce the same results over time, largely due to the volatility of the resources required for workflow executions. This paper provides an analysis of the root causes of workflow decay based on an empirical study of a collection of Taverna workflows from the myExperiment repository. Although our analysis was based on a specific type of workflow, the outcomes and methodology should be applicable to workflows from other systems, at least those whose executions also rely largely on accessing third-party resources. Based on our understanding about decay we recommend a minimal set of auxiliary resources to be preserved together with the workflows as an aggregation object and provide a software tool for end-users to create such aggregations and to assess their completeness.
Irreversible opiate agonists and antagonists: the 14- hydroxydihydromorphinone azines

Further investigations into the molecular actions of the 14- hydroxydihydromorphinone hydrazones (naloxazone, oxymorphazone, and naltrexazone) have suggested that their irreversible actions can be explained by the formation of their azines. These azines, naloxonazine, naltrexonazine, and oxymorphonazine, irreversibly block opiate binding in vitro 20- to 40-fold more potently than their corresponding hydrozones, naloxazone, naltrexazone, and oxymorphazone. The blockade of binding by naloxonazine shows the same selectivity for high affinity, or mu1, sites as naloxazone.
Concepts for regulation of axon integrity by enwrapping glia

Long axons and their enwrapping glia (EG; Schwann cells (SCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLGs)) form a unique compound structure that serves as conduit for transport of electric and chemical information in the nervous system. The peculiar cytoarchitecture over an enormous length as well as its substantial energetic requirements make this conduit particularly susceptible to detrimental alterations. Degeneration of long axons independent of neuronal cell bodies is observed comparatively early in a range of neurodegenerative conditions as a consequence of abnormalities in SCs and OLGs . This leads to the most relevant disease symptoms and highlights the critical role that these glia have for axon integrity, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The quest to understand why and how axons degenerate is now a crucial frontier in disease-oriented research. This challenge is most likely to lead to significant progress if the inextricable link between axons and their flanking glia in pathological situations is recognized. In this review I compile recent advances in our understanding of the molecular programs governing axon degeneration, and mechanisms of EG’s non-cell autonomous impact on axon-integrity. A particular focus is placed on emerging evidence suggesting that EG nurture long axons by virtue of their intimate association, release of trophic substances, and neurometabolic coupling. The correction of defects in these functions has the potential to stabilize axons in a variety of neuronal diseases in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (PNS and CNS).
H I in NGC 5433 and its environment: high-latitude emission in a small galaxy group

We present H I synthesis maps of the edge-on starburst NGC 5433 and its environment, obtained with the Very Large Array in its C and D configurations. The observations and spectral model residuals of the main disc emission in NGC 5433 reveal three extraplanar features. We associate two of these features with coherent extraplanar extensions across multiple spectral channels in our data, including a complete loop in position‐velocity space. Interpreting the latter as an expanding shell we derive a corresponding input energy of 2 × 10 54 erg, comparable to that for the largest supershells found in the Galaxy and those in other edge-on systems. NGC 5433 is in a richer environment than previously thought. We confirm that KUG 1359+326 is a physical companion to NGC 5433 and find two new faint companions, both with Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner identifications, which we label SIS-1 and SIS-2. Including the more distant IC 4357, NGC 5433 is the dominant member of a group of at least five galaxies, spanning over 750 kpc in a filamentary structure. A variety of evidence suggests that interactions are occurring in this group. While a number of underlying mechanisms are consistent with the morphology of the high-latitude features in NGC 5433, we argue that environmental effects may play a role in their generation.
Heterotopic ossification in chronic fibrosing otitis externa

Acquired external auditory canal atresia is a rare complication of chronic inflammatory otitis, and is generally fibrous or soft tissue in nature. Here, we present the first reported case of heterotopic ossification within chronic fibrosing otitis externa in a 25-year-old male patient with a childhood history of granular myringitis and failed tympanoplasty. A calcified mass was demonstrated adjacent to the tympanic membrane on CT imaging, and surgical exploration revealed a cohesive bar of bone traversing the medial external auditory canal. Drill canaloplasty and split-thickness skin graft coverage of the lateral tympanic membrane resulted in an improvement in the pure tone average from 79 to 55 dB. As the treatment for chronic fibrosing otitis externa involves the surgical widening of the external auditory canal, we alert surgeons to the possibility of cohesive bone formation as a potential cause of navigational confusion and inadvertent over- or under-drilling of the canal stenosis.
The regional location decision of foreign direct investments in Romania

AbstractThe regional attraction of foreign direct investments is expected to evolve into an enhancement of local advantages. In this paper we identified the most important benefits which brought the most significant impact on the number of newly established companies with foreign capital at regional level in Romania. Using a nested logit model we described a two stage decision process where the investor first chooses a group of regions with common characteristics, such as the closeness to the capital or to the main transportation routes, and then chooses the specific region from within this group. The main factors of attractiveness are identified in order to be used for stimulating a more equal regional development. Reducing disparities in this way can help to a more advanced economic development of the foreign direct investments’ host country.the paper, comprising about 100 words, should include the purpose and the aims of the paper, methods used, paper structure, basic results, and the conclusion concer.
Review: history of the amyloid fibril.

Rudolph Virchow, in 1854, introduced and popularized the term amyloid to denote a macroscopic tissue abnormality that exhibited a positive iodine staining reaction. Subsequent light microscopic studies with polarizing optics demonstrated the inherent birefringence of amyloid deposits, a property that increased intensely after staining with Congo red dye. In 1959, electron microscopic examination of ultrathin sections of amyloidotic tissues revealed the presence of fibrils, indeterminate in length and, invariably, 80 to 100 A in width. Using the criteria of Congophilia and fibrillar morphology, 20 or more biochemically distinct forms of amyloid have been identified throughout the animal kingdom; each is specifically associated with a unique clinical syndrome. Fibrils, also 80 to 100 A in width, have been isolated from tissue homogenates using differential sedimentation or solubility. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the fibrils to be ordered in the beta pleated sheet conformation, with the direction of the polypeptide backbone perpendicular to the fibril axis (cross beta structure). Because of the similar dimensions and tinctorial properties of the fibrils extracted from amyloid-laden tissues and amyloid fibrils in tissue sections, they have been assumed to be identical. However, the spatial relationship of proteoglycans and amyloid P component (AP), common to all forms of amyloid, to the putative protein only fibrils in tissues, has been unclear. Recently, it has been suggested that, in situ, amyloid fibrils are composed of proteoglycans and AP as well as amyloid proteins and thus resemble connective tissue microfibrils. Chemical and physical definition of the fibrils in tissues will be needed to relate the in vitro properties of amyloid protein fibrils to the pathogenesis of amyloid fibril formation in vivo.
Selecting segmental errors in non-native Dutch for optimal pronunciation training

Abstract The current emphasis in second language teaching lies in the achievement of communicative effectiveness. In line with this approach, pronunciation training is nowadays geared towards helping learners avoid serious pronunciation errors, rather than eradicating the finest traces of foreign accent. However, to devise optimal pronunciation training programmes, systematic information on these pronunciation problems is needed, especially in the case of the development of Computer Assisted Pronunciation Training systems. The research reported on in this paper is aimed at obtaining systematic information on segmental pronunciation errors made by learners of Dutch with different mother tongues. In particular, we aimed at identifying errors that are frequent, perceptually salient, persistent, and potentially hampering to communication. To achieve this goal we conducted analyses on different corpora of speech produced by L2 learners under different conditions. This resulted in a robust inventory of pronunciation errors that can be used for designing efficient pronunciation training programs.
Axiomatic Result Re-Ranking

We consider the problem of re-ranking the top-k documents returned by a retrieval system given some search query. This setting is common to learning-to-rank scenarios, and it is often solved with machine learning and feature weighting based on user preferences such as clicks, dwell times, etc. In this paper, we combine the learning-to-rank paradigm with the recent developments on axioms for information retrieval. In particular, we suggest to re-rank the top-k documents of a retrieval system using carefully chosen axiom combinations. In recent years, research on axioms for information retrieval has focused on identifying reasonable constraints that retrieval systems should fulfill. Researchers have analyzed a wide range of standard retrieval models for conformance to the proposed axioms and, at times, suggested certain adjustments to the models. We take up this axiomatic view---but, instead of adjusting the retrieval models themselves, we suggest the following innovation: to adopt the learning-to-rank idea and to re-rank the top-k results directly using promising axiom combinations. This way, we can turn every reasonable basic retrieval model into an axiom-based retrieval model. In large-scale experiments on the ClueWeb corpora, we identify promising axiom combinations for a variety of retrieval models. Our experiments show that for most of these models our axiom-based re-ranking significantly improves the original retrieval performance.
Theoretical analyses of gain and phase error calibration with optimal implementation for linear equispaced array

In array signal processing, high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms are known to be sensitive to system errors. In practice, the system should be properly calibrated before DOA estimation. In this paper, a calibration method of gain and phase errors of linear equispaced arrays (LEAs) is considered. A class of simplified calibration algorithms based on different diagonal lines of the covariance matrix is proposed. The statistical performance analyses of the calibration algorithms due to finite data perturbations are presented. Expressions for average bias (Abias) and square root of average variance (SRAV) of the calibration algorithms are derived using first-order approximation. These statistical and computer simulation results reveal and explain why the more diagonal lines that are used for gain and phase error estimations, the more inferior performance that may be obtained. Based on this conclusion, the simple and optimal gain and phase error calibration algorithms for such model are obtained.
Lactotetraosylceramide, a Novel Glycosphingolipid Receptor for Helicobacter pylori, Present in Human Gastric Epithelium*

The binding of Helicobacter pylori to glycosphingolipids was examined by binding of35S-labeled bacteria to glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms. In addition to previously reported binding specificities, a selective binding to a non-acid tetraglycosylceramide of human meconium was found. This H. pylori binding glycosphingolipid was isolated and, on the basis of mass spectrometry, proton NMR spectroscopy, and degradation studies, were identified as Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer (lactotetraosylceramide). When using non-acid glycosphingolipid preparations from human gastric epithelial cells, an identical binding of H. pylori to the tetraglycosylceramide interval was obtained in one of seven samples. Evidence for the presence of lactotetraosylceramide in the binding-active interval was obtained by proton NMR spectroscopy of intact glycosphingolipids and by gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry of permethylated tetrasaccharides obtained by ceramide glycanase hydrolysis. The lactotetraosylceramide binding property was detected in 65 of 74 H. pylori isolates (88%). Binding of H. pylori to lactotetraosylceramide on thin-layer chromatograms was inhibited by preincubation with lactotetraose but not with lactose. Removal of the terminal galactose of lactotetraosylceramide by galactosidase hydrolysis abolished the binding as did hydrazinolysis of the acetamido group of theN-acetylglucosamine. Therefore, Galβ3GlcNAc is an essential part of the binding epitope.
On the Marriage of Flexibility and Security: Lessons from the Hartz-reforms in Germany

In the context of the ongoing reforms on European labour markets the keyword 'flexicurity' is presently gaining prominence. We therefore want to explore the importance of the flexicurity-concept on the example of the German Hartzreforms. Starting from the frequently used definition as a trade-off between employers' demands for flexibility and employees' needs for security, different conceptualisations of flexicurity are considered, and criteria for an efficient and equitable flexicurity-nexus are developed. The German debate on flexicurity is briefly looked at. The main part of the paper is devoted to analysing four policy measures which were implemented within the Hartz-reforms: 'Ich-AG' allowance for newly founded businesses, 'personnel service agencies' ('PSA') to place unemployed into regular employment, 'Mini-Jobs' and the introduction of 'Midi-Jobs' which were supposed to serve as stepping stones into employment subject to social insurance contributions and 'wage insurance' for elderly workers. It is assessed whether the measures contribute to enhancing the components of flexibility and security and whether the measures are appropriately balanced. The analysis reveals that the measures' quality could be improved by strengthening different components of the security dimension.
Analysis of excitation source information in emotional speech

The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of emotions on the excitation source of speech production. The neutral, angry, happy, boredom and fear emotions are considered for the study. Initially the electroglottogram (EGG) and its derivative signals are compared across different emotions. The mean, standard deviation and contour of instantaneous pitch, and strength of excitation parameters are derived by processing the derivative of the EGG and also speech using zero-frequency filtering (ZFF) approach. The comparative study of these features across different emotions reveals that the effect of emotions on the excitation source is distinct and significant. The comparative study of the parameters from the derivative of EGG and speech waveform indicate that both cases have the same trend and range, inferring any of them may be used. Use of the computed parameters are found to be effective in the prosodic modification task. Index Terms: source, emotion, pitch, strength.
Pressure boundary condition for the time‐dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations

In Gresho and Sani (Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 1987; 7:1111–1145; Incompressible Flow and the Finite Element Method, vol. 2. Wiley: New York, 2000) was proposed an important hypothesis regarding the pressure Poisson equation (PPE) for incompressible flow: Stated there but not proven was a so‐called equivalence theorem (assertion) that stated/asserted that if the Navier–Stokes momentum equation is solved simultaneously with the PPE whose boundary condition (BC) is the Neumann condition obtained by applying the normal component of the momentum equation on the boundary on which the normal component of velocity is specified as a Dirichlet BC, the solution (u, p) would be exactly the same as if the ‘primitive’ equations, in which the PPE plus Neumann BC is replaced by the usual divergence‐free constraint (∇ · u = 0), were solved instead.
Aggregation and Analysis of Enriched Spatial User Models from Location-Based Social Networks

Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN) are a vast source for personalized geo-social user data with more and more users adding spatial information to their posts and tweets. The potential of spatially rich user models lies in the aggregation of different networks with each network adding a piece to the digital footprint of a user. These user models in turn allow new ways of analysis and let users benefit through novel applications. We describe an aggregation approach that extracts data from Facebook, Google+, Twitter, and Foursquare and generates a materialized spatial schema. For rapid prototyping, Preference SQL is applied to generate extensive user models from aggregated data with minimal modeling effort. In the process, explicit user information is augmented with implicit preference information. Finally, similarity analysis based on these user models is defined and applied to a promising application scenario of user-to-user recommendation. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to present an integrated framework for the synthesis, modeling, and analysis of multi-source LBSN data.