Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"I'm Taking Notes." Reactive Analysis of Doing Ethnography in a Child Care Program.

ABSTRACT This essay is a history of the process of completing an ethnographic study in a child care setting. It presents reflections on entering the field site, keeping field notes, and analyzing data. An exploratory study of a group of preschool children led to the selection of qualitative methods and clarified the theoretical basis for research. In completing the formal study, triangulated methods of participant observation, interviewing, and record anu contextual analysis were used. The use of ethnomethodology to explore events themselves led to a dual analysis of theoretical propositions and empirical data in which theory provided a frame of reference for conducting field study and observation-based findings led to theoretical reorganization. These methods proved to be appropriate for the setting and for the sociological data collected. The role of participant-as-observer was manageable by adopting a passive attitude as adult-without-authority. The children responded to the presence of a researcher with mild curiosity. Their level of interest was evaluated reactively at the conclusion of observation. The analysis of data proceeded steadily through three phases and culminated in the full description of typologies and strategies used by the preschool children. The interpretive process of ethnographic methodology was valuable in constructing detailed, contextual information about children's everyday social behavior. (Author/RH)
COMPLETELY IMPACTED TEETH IN DENTATE AND EDENTULOUS JAWS

The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of completely impacted teeth in dentate and edentulous jaws. Panoramic radiographs of 2000 patients were retrospectively evaluated. There were 1124 females and 876 males who attended dental clinic at king Saud university, The tooth was considered impacted when it is completely covered with bone or not aligned with the rest of the teeth in either dental arch. 141 (7.1%) patients were found to have either single or multiple completely impacted teeth. It was found more common in dentate patients 7.3 % than edentulous 5.3%. 119(6%) patients had permanent tooth impaction where as 22 patients (1.1%) had supernumerary impaction, most of them were found in male dentate patients, The most common permanent tooth found to be impacted was permanent canine followed by premolar. For supernumerary impaction, supernumerary teeth resemble the morphology of the premolar tooth in the premolar area were more common than mesiodens. Radiographic examination with panoramic radiograph is not enough for examination of the impacted teeth. More detailed examination is needed to evaluate the exact location of the impacted teeth in the dental arch and its proximity to the vital structures or to the adjacent teeth. Therefore, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is recommended.
General set approximation and its logical applications

To approximate sets a number of theories have appeared for the last decades. Starting up from some general theoretical pre-conditions the authors give a set of minimum requirements for the lower and upper approximations and define general partial approximation spaces. Then, these spaces are applied in logical investigations. The main question is what happens in the semantics of the first-order logic when the approximations of sets as semantic values of predicate parameters are used instead of sets as their total interpretations. On the basis of defined partial interpretations, logical laws relying on the defined general set-theoretical framework of set approximation are investigated.
pDM: An Expressive Sequencer with Real-Time Control of the KTH Music-Performance Rules

37 Experimental research in music performance is now an established field with a number of interesting advances relating to the understanding of the musical communication between performer and listener and Friberg forthcoming). From this research, it is evident that the performer has an important and essential role " giving life " to a composition by introducing gestural qualities, enhancing the musical structure, and providing a personal interpretation reflecting an expressive intention. For example, studies of emotional expression have shown that the same piece can communicate completely different emotions by changing the performance. A part of this research field has attempted to find and model the underlying performance principles used by the musicians (De Poli 2004; Widmer and Goebl 2004). One such system, the KTH rule system for music performance, is a result of a long-term research project initiated by Johan Sundberg The KTH rule system currently consists of about 30 rules covering different aspects of music performance. The input is a symbolic score, and the output is the expressive rendering in which the performance parameters such as " microtiming, " articulation, tempo, and sound level are shaped. The rules model typical performance principles such as phrasing, ar-ticulation, intonation, micro-level timing, rhythmic patterns, and tonal tension. High-level musical descriptions , such as emotional or motional expressions , can be modeled by using a selection of rules and rule parameters (Bresin and Friberg 2000). In the first development stage, rules were derived using the analysis-by-synthesis method: using the musician Lars Frydén as an expert judge, the computer was taught how to play more musically by implementing a tentative model, listen to the result, and then go back and make adjustments. Later real performance measurements were also employed later for modeling some of the rules. The project has resulted in about 60 publications, including three doctoral dissertations. (See www.speech.kth.se/ music/performance.) The program Director Musices represents the main implementation of the rule system. It was designed primarily for research purposes and is not suitable for real-time control. However, real-time control of the rule system has a number of potential applications. It could be used for interactive expressive control of the music in, for example, a conductor style, as is suggested below. Whereas previous conductor systems primarily controlled overall sound level and tempo (e.g., Mathews 1989; Borchers et al. 2004), this system would provide macro-level control of the overall expressive character by changing the musical …
HMGB1 in Cancer: Good, Bad, or Both?

Forty years ago, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was discovered in calf thymus and named according to its electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels. Now, we know that HMGB1 performs dual functions. Inside the cell, HMGB1 is a highly conserved chromosomal protein acting as a DNA chaperone. Outside of the cell, HMGB1 is a prototypical damage-associated molecular pattern, acting with cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. During tumor development and in cancer therapy, HMGB1 has been reported to play paradoxical roles in promoting both cell survival and death by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, genome stability, proliferation, metastasis, metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy. Here, we review the current knowledge of both HMGB1′s oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles and the potential strategies that target HMGB1 for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(15); 4046–57. ©2013 AACR.
Call admission control for voice/data integrated cellular networks: performance analysis and comparative study

In this paper, we propose a new call admission control scheme called dual threshold bandwidth reservation, or DTBR scheme. The main novelty is that it builds upon a complete sharing approach, in which the channels in each cell are shared among the different traffic types and multiple thresholds are used to meet the specific quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. We present a detailed comparative study based on mathematical and simulation models, and quantitatively demonstrate that the DTBR is capable of providing the QoS guarantee for each type of traffic, while at the same time leading to much better channel efficiency. We further show that the DTBR scheme with elastic data service can offer both service guarantee and service differentiation for voice and data services, and enhance the bandwidth utilization.
An Improved Self-Training for Face Recognition

Face recognition has attracted considerable concerns in recent years. In practical applications, there are generally a small amount of labeled face images and a lot of unlabeled ones can be available. In this paper, we introduce a semi-supervised face recognition method where semi-supervised LDA (SDA) and Affinity Propagation (AP) are integrated into Self-training. SDA is employed to update the face subspace using labeled and unlabeled face images. And we employ AP to computer the templates which exist in the original face images. A series of experiments on three face datasets are carried out to evaluate the performance of our algorithm. Experimental results illustrate that our algorithm outperforms the other unsupervised, semi-supervised and supervised methods.
Induction of idiotype-specific suppressor T cells with antigen/antibody complexes

The effects of immune complexes on the antibody response of BALB/c mice to Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a (Pn) were investigated. The cell wall polysaccharide (PnC) extracted from Pn was used to form complexes with TEPC-15, a myeloma protein that binds to phosphorylcholine determinants on the PnC. Complexes formed at equivalence were cultured with splenic T cells from BALB/c mice for 2 d, and then the cells were added to fresh BALB/c spleen cell cultures to test their effect on the antibody response to Pn, a response dominated by the T15 idiotype family. The results indicate that TEPC-15/PnC complexes induced potent suppressor T cells (Ts) whereas cells cultured with free antigen or free antibody alone had no effect on the plaque-forming cell response to Pn. The suppression was specific since the response to control antigens such as sheep erythrocytes was unaffected. The suppression appears to be idiotype-specific since the Ts had a relatively weak (and in some cases no) effect on the anti-Pn response of BALB/c mice that had been suppressed for T15 idiotopes by neonatal injection of a monoclonal anti- T15 antibody, MaId 5-4. Furthermore, cells cultured with TEPC-15/PnC complexes were shown to express specific receptors for TEPC-15 idiotopes. The results indicate that antigen/antibody complexes may have important immunoregulatory effects because they are potent inducers of idiotype-specific Ts.
Alas, Poor Darwin: Arguments Against Evolutionary Psychology

A book reviewer is generally charged to present a balanced view of both the strengths and weaknesses of a book, but Alas, Poor Darwin placed us in a quandary. It was genuinely hard to find enough positive things to say to sustain even a semblance of balance. Thus, we begin by forewarning the reader that this book did not impress us. We consider Alas, Poor Darwin important because it is a dangerous book, and it is dangerous for the following reasons. First, it has the potential to mislead individuals who are unfamiliar with what evolutionary psychologists actually say. Second, this book is another in a series of attacks on scientific work based more on political ideology than objective analysis (e.g., Tierney, 2000). Our strategy is to give examples of the misinterpretations and inaccuracies,
The Journey of Addiction: Barriers to and Facilitators of Drug Use Cessation among Street Children and Youths in Western Kenya

This mixed-methods study examined barriers to and facilitators of street children’s drug use cessation in Eldoret, Kenya utilizing a cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions with a community-based sample of street-involved children and youth. The primary objective of this study was to describe factors that may assist or impede cessation of drug use that can be utilized in developing substance use interventions for this marginalized population. In 2011, 146 children and youth ages 10–19 years, classified as either children on the street or children of the street were recruited to participate in the cross-sectional survey. Of the 146 children that participated in the survey 40 were invited to participate in focus group discussion; 30 returned voluntarily to participate in the discussions. Several themes were derived from children’s narratives that described the barriers to and facilitators of drug cessation. Specifically, our findings reveal the strength of the addiction to inhalants, the dual role that peers and family play in substance use, and how the social, cultural, and economic context influence or impede cessation. Our findings demonstrate the need to integrate community, family and peers into any intervention in addition to traditional medical and psychological models for treatment of substance use dependence.
Assortment Optimization Under a Single Transition Model

In this paper, we consider a new customer choice model which we call the single transition choice model. In this model, there is a universe of products and customers arrive at each product with a certain probability. If the arrived product is unavailable, then the seller can recommend a subset of available products to the customer and the customer will purchase one of the recommended products or choose not to purchase with certain transition probabilities. The distinguishing features of the model are that the seller can control which products to recommend depending on the arrived product and that each customer either purchases a product or leaves the market after one transition. We study the assortment optimization problem under this model. Particularly, we show that this problem is NP-Hard even if the customer can transition from each product to at most two products. Despite the complexity of the problem, we provide polynomial time algorithms or approximation algorithms for several special cases, such as when the customer can only transition from each product to at most a given number of products and the size of each recommended set is at most a given number. We also provide a tight worst-case performance bound for revenue-ordered assortments. In addition, we propose a compact mixed integer program formulation for this problem, which is efficient for problems of moderate size. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Comparison of 1: 1 and 1: m CSCL environment for collaborative concept mapping

This paper reports an investigation into the effects of collaborative concept mapping in a digital learning environment, in terms of students' overall learning gains, knowledge retention, quality of student artefacts (the collaboratively created concept maps), interactive patterns, and learning perceptions. Sixty-four 12-year-old students from two 6th grade classes (32 from each class) participated in the study. Guided by the methodology of quasi-experimental research, group scribbles 1.0 was adopted in which students carried out collaborative concept mapping activities for social studies in two different settings: (1) 1:1 (one-device-per-student) – students working in pairs with one Tablet PC assigned to each of them; and (2) 1:m (one-device-to-many-students) – multiple students sharing a Tablet PC. Both settings were evaluated and the interactional patterns of the student groups' concept mapping were identified. The results indicated that in both 1:1 and 1:m settings, students had improved their learning results and retention. Nevertheless, while 1:1 groups had demonstrated more consistency in group participation, improved communication and interaction, the 1:m groups had instead generated superior artefacts as all the notes were well discussed among the group members. The findings suggest that a higher quality of collaborative processes does not necessarily lead to improved student artefacts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Women's position within the household as a determinant of maternal health care use in Nepal.

CONTEXT Although gender inequality is often cited as a barrier to improving maternal health in Nepal, little attention has been directed at understanding how sociocultural factors may influence the use of health care. In particular, how a woman's position within her household may affect the receipt of health care deserves further investigation. METHODS Data on ever-married women aged 15-49 from the 2001 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed to explore three dimensions of women's position within their household-decision making, employment and influence over earnings, and spousal discussion of family planning. Logistic regression models assessed the relationship of these variables to receipt of skilled antenatal and delivery care. RESULTS Few women reported participation in household decision making, and even fewer had any control over their own earnings. However, more than half reported discussing family planning with their husbands, and there were significant differences among subgroups in these indicators of women's position. Though associations were not consistent across all indicators, spousal discussion of family planning was linked to an increased likelihood of receiving skilled antenatal and delivery care (odds ratios, 1.4 and 1.3, respectively). Women's secondary education was also strongly associated with the greater use of health care (5.1-5.6). CONCLUSIONS Gender inequality constrains women's access to skilled health care in Nepal. Interventions to improve communication and strengthen women's influence deserve continued support. The strong association of women's education with health care use highlights the need for efforts to increase girls' schooling and alter perceptions of the value of skilled maternal health care.
A 0.6V, 1.3GHz dynamic comparator with cross-coupled latches

This paper presents a sub-1V dynamic comparator with cross-coupled latches at multi-GHz operation. The low-voltage cross-coupled latches structure with a separated tail current can be used to optimize the speed and the offset in the latched stage, respectively. A high speed readout circuit is also proposed to further enhance the speed of the comparator. With BER=109, the comparator achieves 143fJ at 3.3GHz and a 0.9V supply, which decreases to only 49fJ at 1.3GHz and a 0.6V supply. Both measured results are based on the input differential voltage of only 4.2mV. The comparator is implemented in 65nm CMOS technology and the chip area of the core circuit occupies 265μm2.
Developing a tool for memoizing functions in C++

Fundamental to the study of algorithms is the ability to exchange one computer resource for another: time for memory, memory for time, time for accuracy, and so on. In this memory-cheap era, trading memory for improved run-time performance is an increasingly attractive option. One such space-for-time technique, memoiza t ion , originated from the work of Donald Michie describing the ability of functions to learn from previous calculations [11]. This caching of previously calculated information can transform some exponential time algorithms to run in linear time.
A Novel Device for Measuring Fluctuations in Stride Intervals of Human Gait

Fluctuations in stride-to-stride intervals have been already pointed out. However, further studies of this issue have not progressed in comparison with that of heartbeat because of difficulties both in measuring and in analyzing bilateral walking rhythms. These data had been usually recorded on an analog recorder. Subsequently, such an ambulatory recording machine sometimes influences origi-
Advances in the Use of Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice

Today, several veterinary diseases may be treated with the administration of stem cells. This is possible because these cells present a high therapeutic potential and may be injected as autologous or allogenic, freshly isolated, or previously cultured. The literature supports that the process is safe and brings considerable benefits to animal health. Knowledge about how adult stem cells modulate the molecular signals to activate cell homing has also been increasingly determined, evidencing the mechanisms which enable cells to repair and regenerate injured tissues. Preclinical studies were designed for many animal models and they have contributed to the translation to the human clinic. This review shows the most commonly used stem cell types, with emphasis on mesenchymal stem cells and their mechanistic potential to repair, as well as the experimental protocols, studied diseases, and species with the highest amount of studies and applications. The relationship between stem cell protocols utilized on clinics, molecular mechanisms, and the physiological responses may offer subsidies to new studies and therefore improve the therapeutic outcome for both humans and animals.
Locate the household network structure influence on disease spreading

Simulations on disease spreading in a household population structure have been performed. We consider the change of the number of households in the population. We found, with the same number of edges and vertexes, and transmission rate inside the household equals (or less) the rate outside the households, the average infection number will decrease with the increase of the number of households in the population, that is the more households, the connections between the households will be less, then slow down the disease spreading efficiency. When transmission rate inside the household is bigger than the rate outside the households, we got the opposite result, the households, which like ‘hubs’ in the network, will speed the disease spreading. And we modified the threshold according to the simulations.
The Emerging Management Services Of Business Transformation Management

Business transformations are large-scale organizational change programs that, evidence suggests, are often unsuccessful. Our interest is in identifying the management capabilities required for the successful execution of these projects. We advance a service-oriented view of the enterprise, which suggests that different management services need to be identified and integrated in order to execute business transformation. In order to identify those management services that require integration, we conducted an exploratory empirical study of the demand for management services in US and Asia, and we show that two archetypes of management services exist in business transformation initiatives: transactional and transformational management services. We identify the relevant set of transactional and transformational services and discuss what the demand for these services implies for the execution of business transformations.