Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LOW ENERGY PROPERTIES OF A FRUSTRATED ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SPIN-1/2 LADDER

Using the density matrix renormalization group method, we determined the phase diagram of a frustrated antiferromagnetic spin- ladder at zero temperature. Two spin-gapped phases, the Haldane phase and the singlet phase, are identified. In particular, impurity effects are experimentally detectable for the Haldane phase. A phase transition between the two phases occurs at any nonzero value of frustration coupling J×. On the phase boundary, the spin gap vanishes for sufficiently small J×. Crossing this line of gapless states, the transition is of second order, while it is of first order for larger J×.
Mechanical properties and interfacial characteristics of carbon-nanotube-reinforced epoxy thin films

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) reinforced epoxy composite thin films were prepared by a microfabrication process and their elastic modulus was determined using a shaft-loaded blister test and linear and nonlinear elasticity models. Compared to net resin thin films, a 20% increase in elastic modulus was seen when 0.1 wt % MWNTs were added, suggesting MWNT alignment by spin coating. Electron microscopic observations of the fracture surfaces suggested high interfacial shear stress between MWNTs and the epoxy matrix, a result supported by both molecular mechanics simulation and micromechanics calculations.
In vitro callus induction and indirect organogenesis of Mentha piperita ( L . )-an aromatic medicinal plant

The effect of different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators were tested for in vitro callus induction and indirect plant regeneration of Mentha piperita L. from young leaves and internodal explants. Greenish, organogenic and nodular nature of callus was achieved only from leaf disc explant when cultured on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/l NAA+ 0.2 mg/l BAP and then subsequent plant regeneration was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP+0.5mg/l NAA from leaf derived callus. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (90%) with the maximum number of shoots (15.1±0.11) was achieved in this medium. In vitro raised microshoots showed 90% response with maximum number of roots (16.3±0.23) on 1.0 mg/l IBA after 11-12 days. Then in vitro rooted plantlets were move to polybags bearing soil and vermiculite mixture in 1:1 ratio for hardening and hardened plantlets showed 95% survivability on field conditions.
Waveguide launching of lower hybrid waves

The theory of launching lower hybrid waves in fusion-oriented plasmas using waveguide arrays (the ‘grill’) is generalized to allow for the excitation of the fast wave in the outer layers of the plasma. It is found that the reflection coefficient of the antenna and the fraction of power radiated in the ‘inaccessible’ portion of the parallel-wavenumber spectrum remain essentially the same as those predicted by the simplified theory considering only the slow plasma wave. The most important new feature is that the power radiated in this part of the spectrum is mainly coupled to discrete waveguide-like eigenmodes confined to the outer layers of the plasma, which guide the power away from the antenna in the direction parallel to the wall of the chamber. This fraction of the power is likely to be lost from the point of view of the heating efficiency; therefore, one should make it as small as possible by using arrays of four guides or more.
Internal Gravity Wave Emission into the Middle Atmosphere from a Model Tropospheric Jet

Abstract A mechanism is investigated whereby large amplitude internal gravity waves (IGWs) may be excited by the tropospheric jet stream when this is driven to parallel shear instability following a rapid external forcing of the mean flow a circumstance that might be realized, for example, through ageostrophic effects in the process of baroclinic wave development. A series of mean states are examined, first on the basis of linear theory, to determine the characteristics of the most unstable normal mode, which is expected to dominate the initial stages of flow evolution. Two-dimensional nonlinear numerical simulations of stratified, incompressible, Boussinesq flow in a periodic channel are also performed. On the basis of linear theory, the authors show that it is possible to assess whether IGWs will be strongly excited by examining whether the initial instability satisfies an easily calculable criterion that has been previously termed the “penetration condition. ” In cases in which the penetration condition.
A shape context based Hausdorff similarity measure in image matching

The traditional Hausdorff measure, which uses Euclidean distance metric (L2 norm) to define the distance between coordinates of any two points, has poor performance in the presence of the rotation and scale change although it is robust to the noise and occlusion. To address the problem, we define a novel similarity function including two parts in this paper. The first part is Hausdorff distance between shapes which is calculated by exploiting shape context that is rotation and scale invariant as the distance metric. The second part is the cost of matching between centroids. Unlike the traditional method, we use the centroid as reference point to obtain its shape context that embodies global information of the shape. Experiment results demonstrate that the function value between shapes is rotation and scale invariant and the matching accuracy of our algorithm is higher than that of previously proposed algorithm on the MEPG-7 database.
Correlation between micromagnetism and tunnel magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions using artificial ferrimagnets

The impact of the micromagnetic configuration on transport properties of magnetic tunnel junctions is presented. An artificial ferrimagnet system (AFi), made of two ferromagnetic layers with different magnetic moments antiferromagnetically coupled by exchange interactions through a Ru spacer layer, is used as a hard magnetic subsystem of the magnetic junction. Magnetic-force microscopy studies have shown that the magnetization reversal in artificial ferrimagnet systems occurs through the formation of N\'eel-type $360\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ domain walls. The stability of these walls is demonstrated to be different in the two magnetic layers of the AFi. These aspects have major effects in magnetic tunnel junction devices, due to the extreme sensitivity of spin tunneling to spatial variations in local magnetic order. The large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of our samples, in the range of 20\char21{}30 % at room temperature, makes the tunnel junctions highly sensitive to magnetic fluctuations. A sharp switching of the soft magnetic layer upon field reversal prevents a domain structure from occurring in the soft magnetic layer, in the field window used for our micromagnetic studies. The tunnel device can thus be used as a sensitive probe for measuring small magnetic fluctuations associated with micromagnetic defects, domains, and walls in the AFi system. These fluctuations modulate the resistance of the tunnel junction and are fully reflected in the shape and the amplitude of the TMR signal.
Stability index for products of random transformations

The paper considers stability and instability properties of the Markov chain generated by the composition of an i.i. d. sequence of random transformations. The transformations are assumed to be either linear mappings or else mappings which can be well approximated near 0 by linear mappings. The main results concern the risk probabilities that the Markov chain enters or exits certain balls centered at 0. An application is given to the probability of extinction in a model from population dynamics.
Explanatory factors for the rapid decline in fertility in the Brazilian Semi-arid region

In recent decades, Brazil has experienced an accelerated reduction in fertility levels, reaching an average of 1.8 children per woman in the reproductive period in 2015, an effect that affected one of the most vulnerable regions of Latin America: the Brazilian Semi-arid region. The objective was to identify demographic, socioeconomic and health factors that influenced the reduction of fertility levels in the 1,262 municipalities that compose the Brazilian Semi-arid region, in the period 1991-2010. The application of the panel data regression model showed that the reduction in the Gini Index and the Illiteracy Rate and also the increase in Life Expectancy at Birth and in the Aging Rate contributed significantly to the decrease in fertility levels in the Semi-arid region. The results indicated that fertility levels converged in the period towards a regional homogenization close to the replacement level, which declined at a faster pace than the improvement in the region's levels of development.
The median winter snowline in the Alps

The relative duration of snow cover in a season is a number between zero and unity; here it represents the probability to encounter, at a given station, snow of at least 5 cm depth. We use routine station data of snow depth for the winters 1961-2000 to explore the pattern of relative snow duration in the Alps. A horizontal isoline is drawn across all stations that exhibit 50 % snow duration; we consider this isoline the median snowline. We further introduce the mountain temperature as linear expansion of the Central European temperature with respect to station coordinates; it separates the large-scale European temperature from the local-scale vertical lapse rate and serves as substitute for the station temperature. The mountain temperature allows to condense the snow data of all stations and years into one analytical curve, the state function of snow duration. This curve yields every desired snowline; the median snowline coincides with the altitude of maximum sensitivity of snow duration to European temperature. The median snowline in winter is located at an average altitude of 641 m and slightly slopes downward towards the eastern Alps. The average altitude varies considerably from winter to winter under the influence of European temperature fluctuations; it shifts upward by about 123 m per °C climate warming.
Geometric renewal convergence rates from hazard rates

This paper studies the geometric convergence rate of a discrete renewal sequence to its limit. A general convergence rate is first derived from the hazard rates of the renewal lifetimes. This result is used to extract a good convergence rate when the lifetimes are ordered in the sense of new better than used or increasing hazard rate. A bound for the best possible geometric convergence rate is derived for lifetimes having a finite support. Examples demonstrating the utility and sharpness of the results are presented. Several of the examples study convergence rates for Markov chains.
Univariate and multivariate methods for chemical mapping of cervical cancer cells

Visualization of cells and subcellular organelles are currently carried out using available microscopy methods such as cryoelectron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. These methods require external labeling using fluorescent dyes and extensive sample preparations to access the subcellular structures. However, Raman micro-spectroscopy provides a non-invasive, label-free method for imaging the cells with chemical specificity at sub-micrometer spatial resolutions. The scope of this paper is to image the biochemical/molecular distributions in cells associated with cancerous changes. Raman map data sets were acquired from the human cervical carcinoma cell lines (HeLa) after fixation under 785 nm excitation wavelength. The individual spectrum was recorded by raster-scanning the laser beam over the sample with 1μm step size and 10s exposure time. Images revealing nucleic acids, lipids and proteins (phenylalanine, amide I) were reconstructed using univariate methods. In near future, the small pixel to pixel variations will also be imaged using different multivariate methods (PCA, clustering (HCA, K-means, FCM)) to determine the main cellular constitutions. The hyper-spectral image of cell was reconstructed utilizing the spectral contrast at different pixels of the cell (due to the variation in the biochemical distribution) without using fluorescent dyes. Normal cervical squamous cells will also be imaged in order to differentiate normal and cancer cells of cervix using the biochemical changes in different grades of cancer. Based on the information obtained from the pseudo-color maps, constructed from the hyper-spectral cubes, the primary cellular constituents of normal and cervical cancer cells were identified.
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION VARIABLES ON THE OMEGA-3 EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID ( EPA ) CONTENT OF ( Nannochloropsis oculata ) MICROALGA OIL

Microalgae are a recognized source of fatty acids and fatty acid-based lipids of potential interest in preparation of functional health products. Unlike terrestrial crops, these photoautotrophic microorganisms can directly produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and, although microalgae are not suitable for direct human consumption, their nutritional value can also be exploited if added to animal feeds. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) belongs to the omega-3 fatty acids group. In recent years, omega-3 fatty acids rich oil has attracted much attention because of its recognized beneficial effect on human health. In this study, response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction variables including extraction temperature (25-6°C), extraction time (30-90 min.) and solvent: microalga ratio (10:1-30:1 ml:mg) on the omega-3 EPA content of N. oculata microalga. The experimental results showed that the extraction temperature and time were the significant parameters for the EPA rich oil extraction, while the solvent:microalga ratio was insignificant. The optimum oil extraction parameters for the maximum omega-3 EPA content were as follows: extraction temperature, 27.6°C; extraction time, 34.00 min. and solvent:microalga ratio, 21:3 ml:mg. Under the above predicted optimum conditions, the experimental oil yield and omega-3 EPA content were 62.8 % and 16.25%, respectively. The drying of algal biomass by freeze dryer improved the green color intensity and omega-3 EPA content.
Leak detection of complex pipelines based on the filter diagonalization method: robust technique for eigenvalue assessment

The FDM (filter diagonalization method), an interesting technique used in nuclear magnetic resonance data processing for tackling FFT (fast Fourier transform) limitations, can be used by considering pipelines, especially complex configurations, as a vascular apparatus with arteries, veins, capillaries, etc. Thrombosis, which might occur in humans, can be considered as a leakage for the complex pipeline, the human vascular apparatus. The choice of eigenvalues in FDM or in spectra-based techniques is a key issue in recovering the solution of the main equation (for FDM) or frequency domain transformation (for FFT) in order to determine the accuracy in detecting leaks in pipelines. This paper deals with the possibility of improving the leak detection accuracy of the FDM technique thanks to a robust algorithm by assessing the problem of eigenvalues, making it less experimental and more analytical using Tikhonov-based regularization techniques. The paper starts from the results of previous experimental procedures carried out by the authors.
PmP113. Frequency dependence of the piezoelectric d31 coefficient as a function of ceramic tetragonality

Abstract Measurements have been made of the complex piezoelectric coefficient (d31), by a quasistatic method, so as to determine its real and imaginary components as a function of frequency (f = 10−3 - 103 Hz) and temperature. Results obtained with Ca-modified lead titanate and lead lanthanum titanate-zirconate ceramic samples reveal the existence of relaxations at a very low frequency for the former and at frequencies of tens of hertzs for the latter. Tetragonal distortion and polar microregions could be considered as the respective causes of such relaxation processes.
Studies of Brain Fatigue Detection Method Based on Second-order Blind Identification

Brain fatigue detection can make people avoid fatigue on the human body caused by injury, second-order blind identification methods have been successfully used in EEG analysis, because no supervised learning, feature extraction speed is second-order blind identification method is faster, in this paper, the use of second-order blind identification method of the three brain states feature extraction, classification by calculation, the results show a very good second-order blind identification can identify these three states
Species assemblages of Ostracoda (Crustacea) from west-site of Turkey: their indicator potential for lotic and lentic habitats

To describe the indicator potential of non-marine ostracods for lotic (streams) and lentic (lakes) habitats, 42 taxa (27 recent, 15 subfossil) were evaluated from 62 sampling sites in West-site of Turkey during May of 2018. Nannocandona faba is a new report for Turkey. A higher Shannon diversity value was reported for lakes (H′ = 2.16) than streams (H′ = 1.62) when they had equal number of species (17 spp.). SIMPER analysis showed 53.01% contribution of Psychrodromus olivaceus, Candona neglecta, Heterocypris incongruens and Stenocypria fischeri with a 96.72% difference between lakes and streams. Both TWINSPAN and Indicator Species Analysis revealed that P. olivaceus (p < 0.01) and S. ficheri (p < 0.05) were found to be candidate indicators for the lotic and lentic habitats, respectively. The first two axes of CCA explained 66.90% of the relationship between species and environmental variables when elevation, dissolved oxygen concentration and water temperature showed influential effects (p < 0.05) on the ordination of species. Species with reduced swimming setae (17 spp.) were ordinated relatively closer to the center of CCA. Results showed that ecological tolerances of species seemed to be more deterministic than morphological characters (e.g., swimming setae) on their habitat preferences. A broad knowledge of the morphological and ecological preferences of the species is needed to distinguish whether habitat is chosen by species due to its ecological needs or morphological characteristics. Studies providing information about the current ecological preferences of the species give the opportunity to understand the habitat of these species.
Observations of deuterated cyanoacetylene in dark clouds

We have observed DC 3 N and HC 3 N in a number of cold dust clouds in order to derive the degree of deuterium fractionation. We find that the ratio of DC 3 N to HC 3 N is large, at about 0.05 or more, and discuss the implications of this result for the synthesis of cyanoacetylene. The observations are most readily interpreted if the deuteration of HC 3 N is linked to that of cyclic C 3 H 2 , witch is also observed to exhibit a large degree of deuterium fractionation. HC 3 N deuteration levels comparable with those we observed are found to be just compatible with the mechanism suggested by Howe & Millar, but with adjusted rate coefficients. Freeze-out on to grain surfaces is also considered, but produces widespread deuterium enhancement in many species, contrary to observed levels
ALTERNATE SHIFT FACTOR RELATIONSHIP FOR DESCRIBING THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF THE VISCO-ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF ASPHALT MATERIALS

Traditionally, various forms of shift factors such as Arrhenius, Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) and polynomials have been used with asphaltic materials. In addition, shift factors have also been estimated using binder viscosity parameters. Successful extrapolation of viscoelastic functions requires a robust form of shift factor-temperature relationship. This is important if trying to perform calculations at extremes of temperature found in practice. Rowe and Sharrock (1) presented data showing a preliminary analysis of complex modulus E* data of mixtures obtained from the MEPDG database which demonstrated that the Kaelble form of shift factor could more accurately describe the functional form of the shift factor than either the Arrhenius, WLF or polynomial fitting functions. However, the Kaelble shift function as originally described uses the same temperature as a reference temperature and as an inflection temperature. This creates a problem when trying to implement the function in a design method or when comparing materials at a given temperature. Since 2008 additional work has been conducted to investigate the use of this shift function to describe the properties of asphalt materials, particularly mixes and those that require a very wide range of property description (both above and below the glass transition or some other defining point). In particular, a modified form of the Kaelble function has been implemented in analysis software (2) thus making multiple calculations more rapid. We have performed additional analysis working with materials from MEPDG E* database and have observed that shifting works best with the Kaelble modification of the WLF equation. In addition, the same method has been applied to a wide variety of other asphalt materials.
Asymptotic Behavior of the Transition Density of an Ergodic Linear Diffusion

Positive recurrent diffusions on the line are treated. We study the asymptotic behavior of the transition density in the long term. The problem is equivalent to the study of Krein’s correspondence for bounded strings. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 60J35; Secondary 60J60, 34B24.
On the birth of minimal sets for perturbed reversible vector fields

The results in this paper fit into a program to study the existence of periodic orbits, invariant cylinders and tori filled with periodic orbits in perturbed reversible systems. Here we focus on bifurcations of one-parameter families of periodic orbits for reversible vector fields in $\mathbb{R}^4$. The main used tools are normal forms theory, Lyapunov-Schmidt method and averaging theory.
GEOMETRY EFFECTS ON THERMOHYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR OF FLUID FLOW IN A SQUARE ENCLOSURE WITH AN INNER CIRCULAR TUBE

This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Regional Editor Omid Mahian Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IRAN *E-mail address: ahmadi@eng.sku. ac.ir, Akram.jahanbakhshi@gmail.com, m.bayareh@eng.sku. ac.ir Orcid id: 0000-0003-4345-9527, 0000-0001-9585-8218, 0000-0002-1821-3771 Manuscript Received 6 October 2017, Accepted 7 November 2017 GEOMETRY EFFECTS ON THERMOHYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR OF FLUID FLOW IN A SQUARE ENCLOSURE WITH AN INNER CIRCULAR TUBE
High power quantum cascade lasers operating at λ≃87 and 130μm

We report high power quantum cascade lasers operating above liquid nitrogen temperature at λ≃87 and 130μm based on a bound-to-continuum transition. For λ≃87μm, 56mW peak power in pulsed operation and 50mW continuous wave operation at 10K are demonstrated. At λ≃130μm, a peak power of 50mW was achieved and devices operated in continuous wave reached a maximum temperature of 53K with an optical power of 11.5mW at T=10K. Lifetimes are extracted from the scaling of the transport and laser parameters as a function of size using a simple rate equation model.
Validity and Practicality of 3D Page Flip Professional Assisted Mobile Learning-Based E-Module on Ecology Material and Environmental Change

: This study aims to produce a valid and practical Mobile Learning (ML)-Based E-Module Assisted by the 3D Page Flip Professional Application. This type of research is development research using the Plomp model. The development stage of this model begins with the initial investigation stage, the development or prototyping stage