Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimism Moderates the Influence of Pain Catastrophizing on Shoulder Pain Outcome: A Longitudinal Analysis

• STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data. • BACKGROUND: An abundance of evidence has highlighted the influence of pain catastrophizing and fear avoidance on clinical outcomes. Less is known about the interaction of positive psychological resources with these pain‐associated distress factors. • OBJECTIVE: To assess whether optimism moderates the influence of pain catastrophizing and fear avoidance on 3‐month clinical outcomes in patients with shoulder pain. • METHODS: Data from 63 individuals with shoulder pain (mean ± SD age, 38.8 ± 14.9 years; 30 female) were examined. Demographic, psychological, and clinical characteristics were obtained at baseline. Validated measures were used to assess optimism (Life Orientation Test‐Revised), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), fear avoidance (Fear‐Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale), shoulder pain intensity (Brief Pain Inventory), and shoulder function (Pennsylvania Shoulder Score function subscale). Shoulder pain and function were reassessed at 3 months. Regression models assessed the influence of (1) pain catastrophizing and optimism and (2) fear avoidance and optimism. The final multivariable models controlled for factors of age, sex, education, and baseline scores, and included 3‐month pain intensity and function as separate dependent variables. • RESULTS: Shoulder pain (mean difference, ‐1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: ‐2.1, ‐1.2) and function (mean difference, 2.4; 95% CI: 0.3, 4.4) improved over 3 months. In multivariable analyses, there was an interaction between pain catastrophizing and optimism (&bgr; = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.35) for predicting 3‐month shoulder function (F = 16.8, R2 = 0.69, P<.001), but not pain (P = .213). Further examination of the interaction with the Johnson‐Neyman technique showed that higher levels of optimism lessened the influence of pain catastrophizing on function. There was no evidence of significant moderation of fear‐avoidance beliefs for 3‐month shoulder pain (P = .090) or function (P = .092). • CONCLUSION: Optimism decreased the negative influence of pain catastrophizing on shoulder function, but not pain intensity. Optimism did not alter the influence of fear‐avoidance beliefs on these outcomes. • LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognosis, level 2b.
Transmission of Ranavirus between Ectothermic Vertebrate Hosts

Transmission is an essential process that contributes to the survival of pathogens. Ranaviruses are known to infect different classes of lower vertebrates including amphibians, fishes and reptiles. Differences in the likelihood of infection among ectothermic vertebrate hosts could explain the successful yearlong persistence of ranaviruses in aquatic environments. The goal of this study was to determine if transmission of a Frog Virus 3 (FV3)-like ranavirus was possible among three species from different ectothermic vertebrate classes: Cope’s gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) larvae, mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), and red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). We housed individuals previously exposed to the FV3-like ranavirus with naïve (unexposed) individuals in containers divided by plastic mesh screen to permit water flow between subjects. Our results showed that infected gray treefrog larvae were capable of transmitting ranavirus to naïve larval conspecifics and turtles (60% and 30% infection, respectively), but not to fish. Also, infected turtles and fish transmitted ranavirus to 50% and 10% of the naïve gray treefrog larvae, respectively. Nearly all infected amphibians experienced mortality, whereas infected turtles and fish did not die. Our results demonstrate that ranavirus can be transmitted through water among ectothermic vertebrate classes, which has not been reported previously. Moreover, fish and reptiles might serve as reservoirs for ranavirus given their ability to live with subclinical infections. Subclinical infections of ranavirus in fish and aquatic turtles could contribute to the pathogen’s persistence, especially when highly susceptible hosts like amphibians are absent as a result of seasonal fluctuations in relative abundance.
Digital Signal Processing Algorithm Optimization for VLIW Digital Signal Processors

Digital signal processors with Harvard architecture are being gradually replaced by digital signal processors with VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) architecture for high-end applications. Owing to exploiting the principles of parallel instruction processing and parallel data processing, the new architecture provides the calculation power to implement complex algorithms of digital signal processing. On the other hand, it is very difficult to write programs such that they make optimum use of architecture properties. The paper summarizes the present authors’ experience obtained in optimum design of algorithms for digital signal processors with VLIW architecture. Using this new approach it was, for example, possible to optimize compilation from the C language into the assembler of TMS320C6414 (Texas Instruments) digital signal processor for type GSM encoder [7] and to speed up the processing about 25 times. The method consists in a closer linkage between the theory of digital signal processing, software tools and hardware.
Personality Type and Student Performance in Upper-Level Economics Courses: The Importance of Race and Gender

Abstract The authors demonstrate that personality type is an important explanatory variable in student performance in economics courses at the upper level, just as it was at the principles level. Similar to the results for principles students, they find that introverted students make better grades in their upper-level economics classes than identical students who are extroverts. They also find that students with SJ temperaments make significantly better grades in upper-level economics than identical students with SP temperaments. They find that certain personality types combine with certain race and gender effects to produce students who outperform other students. Adding a different dimension to the literature on minority educational attainment, their results suggest that African Americans do not perform more poorly than nonblacks in economics. They perform as well as ordinary students of any race, they are just less likely to be “star performers”.
Relationship between Organizational Career Program and Job Satisfaction

The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between organizational career program and job satisfaction using self-reported questionnaires accumulated from employees at a defence based higher learning institution in Malaysia. The results of multiple regression analysis confirmed that career management negatively and insignificantly correlated with job satisfaction while career development positively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction. This finding explains that career development is an essential predictor of job satisfaction, but career management is not an essential predictor of job satisfaction in the studied organization.
THE EXISTENCE OF SUPERSYMMETRIC STRING THEORY WITH TORSION

In their proposed compactification of superstrings [4], Candelas, Horowitz, Strominger and Witten took the matric product of a maximal symmetric four dimensional spacetime M with a six dimensional Calabi–Yau vacua X as the ten dimensional spacetime; they identified the Yang–Mills connection with the SU(3) connection of the Calabi– Yau metric and set the dilaton to be a constant. To make this theory compatible with the standard grand unified field theory, Witten [28] and Horava–Witten [20] proposed to use higher rank bundles for strong coupled heterotic string theory so that the gauge groups can be SU(4) or SU(5). Mathematically, this approach relies on Uhlenbeck–Yau’s theorem on constructing Hermitian–Yang–Mills connections on stable bundles [27]. Many authors, including Friedman, Morgan and Witten [18]; Donagi, Ovrat, Pantev and Reinbacher [12]; Andreas [1], Kachru [21] and others, have worked on this subject since then. In [24], Strominger analyzed heterotic superstring background with spacetime sypersymmetry and non-zero torsion by allowing a scalar “warp factor” to multiply the spacetime metric. He considered a ten dimensional spacetime that is the product M×X of a maximal symmetric four dimensional spacetime M and an internal space X; the metric on M ×X takes the form
GenAll Algorithm: Decorating Galois lattice with minimal generators

The problem of relevance and the usefulness of extracted as- sociation rules is becoming of primary importance, since an overwhelming number of association rules may be derived. This paper proposes an al- gorithm, called GenAll, to build a formal concept lattice, in which each formal concept is "decorated" by its minimal generators. The main char- acteristic of this algorithm is to use a refinement process of upper cover lists to determine, in a simultaneous manner, the set of formal concepts, their underlying partial order and the set of minimal generators associ- ated to each formal concept. Experimental results have showed that the proposed algorithm is specially efficient for dense formal contexts com- pared to that of Nourine et al. Response times pointed out by GenAll algorithm largely outperform those of Nourine et al.
Distinguishing optimism from pessimism : relations to fundamental dimensions of mood and personality

Contrary to unidimensional conceptions of optimism and pessimism, factor analysis of 2 widely used instruments revealed that optimism and pessimism are empirically differentiable, but related, constructs. Moreover, consistent with expectations, optimism and pessimism were differentially linked with fundamental dimensions of mood and personality. Pessimism was principally associated with neuroticism and negative affect. Optimism was primarily associated with extraversion and positive affect. Findings are discussed with reference to current conceptual and measurement models of optimism and pessimism and their relations to broad dimensions of mood and personality
Music and Motion: How Music-Related Ancillary Body Movements Contribute to the Experience of Music

EXPRESSIVE PERFORMER MOVEMENTS IN MUSICAL performances represent implied levels of communication and can contain certain characteristics and meanings of embodied human expressivity. This study investigated the contribution of ancillary body movements on the perception of musical performances. Using kinematic displays of four clarinetists, perceptual experiments were conducted in which participants were asked to rate specific music-related dimensions of the performance and the performer. Additionally, motions of particular body parts, such as movements of the arms and torso, as well as motion amplitudes of the whole body were manipulated in the kinematic display. It was found that manipulations of arm and torso movements have fewer effects on the observers9 ratings of the musicians than manipulations concerning the movement of the whole body. The results suggest that the multimodal experience of musicians is less dependent on the players9 particular body motion behaviors than it is on the players9 overall relative motion characteristics.
Cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise, and blood pressure.

Findings from well-designed large epidemiological studies and diverse populations support a robust, inverse, and independent association between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular and overall mortality risk. The association is independent of age, race, sex, documented cardiovascular disease, or comorbidities, including hypertension.1,2 In prehypertension and hypertension, cardiorespiratory fitness exhibits preventive, prognostic, and therapeutic properties.1–4 Thus, appropriate lifestyle interventions, including increased physical activity designed to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness, are recommended by the Eight Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 8) and the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Hypertension of Cardiology recent guidelines as initial therapy to prevent, treat, and control hypertension.5,6 This review presents evidence on the preventive, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of exercise and fitness status of the individual on blood pressure (BP). The age-related progressive increase in BP is accompanied by an incremental increase in cardiovascular risk evident beyond BP levels of 115/75 mm Hg.7 Evidence suggests that this increase in BP is preceded by arterial stiffness, an important and independent contributor to hypertension.8–12 To some extent, the age-related increase in arterial stiffness and BP is inevitable (biological aging). However, a substantial portion of the pronounced increase observed in industrialized societies is pathological and more likely a consequence of lifestyle characterized by high-fat and salt diets and physical inactivity than an inevitable outcome of aging.13–19 Indigenous populations living a relatively traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle exhibit only a modest and substantially lower increase in arterial stiffness and BP compared with individuals living in westernized environments.14,15 Additionally, vascular health is improved by habitual physical activity and exercise intervention programs implemented in westernized populations16–19 and diminished by inactivity and …
Metagenomic Detection of Viruses in Aerosol Samples from Workers in Animal Slaughterhouses

Published studies have shown that workers in animal slaughterhouses are at a higher risk of lung cancers as compared to the general population. No specific causal agents have been identified, and exposures to several chemicals have been examined and found to be unrelated. Evidence suggests a biological aetiology as the risk is highest for workers who are exposed to live animals or to biological material containing animal faeces, urine or blood. To investigate possible biological exposures in animal slaughterhouses, we used a metagenomic approach to characterise the profile of organisms present within an aerosol sample. An assessment of aerosol exposures for individual workers was achieved by the collection of personal samples that represent the inhalable fraction of dust/bioaerosol in workplace air in both cattle and sheep slaughterhouses. Two sets of nine personal aerosol samples were pooled for the cattle processing and sheep processing areas respectively, with a total of 332,677,346 sequence reads and 250,144,492 sequence reads of 85 bp in length produced for each. Eukaryotic genome sequence was found in both sampling locations, and bovine, ovine and human sequences were common. Sequences from WU polyomavirus and human papillomavirus 120 were detected in the metagenomic dataset from the cattle processing area, and these sequences were confirmed as being present in the original personal aerosol samples. This study presents the first metagenomic description of personal aerosol exposure and this methodology could be applied to a variety of environments. Also, the detection of two candidate viruses warrants further investigation in the setting of occupational exposures in animal slaughterhouses.
The Effect of Teacher–Family Communication on Student Engagement: Evidence From a Randomized Field Experiment

Abstract In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of teacher communication with parents and students as a means of increasing student engagement. We estimate the causal effect of teacher communication by conducting a randomized field experiment in which sixth- and ninth-grade students were assigned to receive a daily phone call home and a text/written message during a mandatory summer school program. We find that frequent teacher–family communication immediately increased student engagement as measured by homework completion rates, on-task behavior, and class participation. On average, teacher–family communication increased the odds that students completed their homework by 40%, decreased instances in which teachers had to redirect students’ attention to the task at hand by 25%, and increased class participation rates by 15%. Drawing upon surveys and interviews with participating teachers and students, we identify three primary mechanisms through which communication likely affected engagement: stronger teacher–student relationships, expanded parental involvement, and increased student motivation.
Disability, Sport, and Society: An Introduction

Disability sport is a relatively recent phenomenon, yet it is also one that, particularly in the context of social inclusion, is attracting increasing political and academic interest. The purpose of this important new text – the first of its kind – is to introduce the reader to key concepts in disability and disability sport and to examine the complex relationships between modern sport, disability and other aspects of wider society. Drawing upon original data from interviews, surveys and policy documents, the book examines how disability sport has developed and is currently organised, and explores key themes, issues and concepts including: - disability theory and policy - the emergence and development of disability sport - disability sport development in local authorities - mainstreaming disability sport - disability, physical education and school sport - elite disability sport and the Paralympic Games - disability sport and the media. Including chapter summaries, seminar questions and lists of key websites and further reading throughout, Sport, Disability and Society provides both an easy to follow introduction and a critical exploration of the key issues surrounding disability sport in the twenty-first century. This book is an invaluable resource for all students, researchers and professionals working in sport studies, disability studies, physical education, sociology and social policy.
Distributed Algorithms for Secure Multipath Routing in Attack-Resistant Networks

To proactively defend against intruders from readily jeopardizing single-path data sessions, we propose a distributed secure multipath solution to route data across multiple paths so that intruders require much more resources to mount successful attacks. Our work exhibits several important properties that include: (1) routing decisions are made locally by network nodes without the centralized information of the entire network topology; (2) routing decisions minimize throughput loss under a single-link attack with respect to different session models; and (3) routing decisions address multiple link attacks via lexicographic optimization. We devise two algorithms termed the Bound-Control algorithm and the Lex-Control algorithm, both of which provide provably optimal solutions. Experiments show that the Bound-Control algorithm is more effective to prevent the worst-case single-link attack when compared to the single-path approach, and that the Lex-Control algorithm further enhances the Bound-Control algorithm by countering severe single-link attacks and various types of multi-link attacks. Moreover, the Lex-Control algorithm offers prominent protection after only a few execution rounds, implying that we can sacrifice minimal routing protection for significantly improved algorithm performance. Finally, we examine the applicability of our proposed algorithms in a specialized defensive network architecture called the attack-resistant network and analyze how the algorithms address resiliency and security in different network settings.
Both New and Useful: How Sequential and Synchronous Goal Orientations Affect Individual Creativity

Although the importance of novelty and usefulness in creativity is widely acknowledged, little is known about how to accomplish both. Integrating research on goal orientations, learning and creativity, we examined the effect of synchronous and sequential learning and performance goals on idea novelty and usefulness. Synchronous learning and performance goals enhanced product usefulness at the expense of novelty compared to sequential learning and performance goals (Study 1). Motivation to gain extrinsic rewards explained this effect. Offering participants a reward for creative outcomes reversed this effect by increasing the perceived importance of novelty (Studies 2 and 3).
Pervasive and Mobile Computing ( ) – Pervasive and Mobile Computing Virtual Lifeline: Multimodal Sensor Data Fusion for Robust Navigation in Unknown Environments

We present a novel, multimodal indoor navigation technique that combines pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) with relative position information from wireless sensor nodes. It is motivated by emergency response scenarios where no fixed or pre-deployed global positioning infrastructure is available and where typical motion patterns defeat standard PDR systems. We use RF and ultrasound beacons to periodically realign the PDR system and reduce the impact of incremental error accumulation. Unlike previous work on multimodal positioning, we allow the beacons to be dynamically deployed (dropped by the user) at previously unknown locations. A key contribution of this paper is to show that despite the fact that the beacon locations are not known (in terms of absolute coordinates), they significantly improve the performance of the system. This effect is especially relevant when a user retraces (parts of) the path he or she had previously travelled or lingers and moves around in an irregular pattern at single locations for extended periods of time. Both situations are common and relevant for emergency response scenarios. We describe the system architecture, the fusion algorithms and provide an in depth evaluation in a large scale, realistic experiment.
Improvement of a Secure Convex Hull Two-Party Computation Protocol

In 2008, Wang et. al. first investigate a sort of specific secure multi-party computation--secure convex hull two-party computation, and construct two protocols based on Gift wrapping method and Quick method separately. However, there are some errors in his protocol based on Quick method. This paper proposes two effective improved protocols. In addition, we analyze and compare security, computational complexity and communicational complexity about these two improved protocols.
The Exercise Addiction Inventory: A New Brief Screening Tool

Many attempts have been made to define and measure problem exercising but there has not been any successful attempt to produce a psychometrically sound assessment instrument. The aim of the present study was to develop a psychometric instrument (the Exercise Addiction Inventory, EAI) capable of identifying people at risk from exercise addiction. The intention was to develop a short form inventory that would be quick and simple to administer. The EAI was operationalised using the components of behavioural addiction proposed by Griffiths (Griffiths, M.D. (1996). Behavioural addiction: an issue for everybody? Journal of Workplace Learning, 8(3), 19–25). The study presents the psychometric properties of the EAI, which are manifested in very good internal reliability, content validity, concurrent validity, and construct validity. It is concluded that the EAI could be a valid and reliable instrument capable of quickly and easily identifying individuals at risk from exercise addiction.