Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Equation Structure using Least Cost Parsing

Mathematical equations in LaTeX are composed with tags that express formatting as opposed to structure. For conversion from LaTeX to other word-processing systems, the structure of each equation must be inferred. We show how a form of least cost parsing used with a very general and ambiguous grammar may be used to select an appropriate structure for a LaTeX equation. MathML provides another application for the same technology; it has two alternative tagging schemes - presentation tags to specify formatting and content tags to specify structure. While conversion from content tagging to presentation tagging is straightforward, the converse is not. Our implementation of least cost parsing is based on Earley’s algorithm.
Efficient Parallel Solutions of Large Sparse SPD Systems on Distributed-memory Multiprocessors

We consider several issues involved in the solution of sparse symmetric positive definite system by multifrontal method on distributed-memory multiprocessors. First, we present a new algorithm for computing the partial factorization of a frontal matrix on a subset of processors which significantly improves the performance of a distributed multifrontal algorithm previously designed. Second, new parallel algorithms for computing sparse forward elimination and sparse backward substitution are described. The new algorithms solve the sparse triangular systems in multifrontal fashion. Numerical experiments run on an Intel iPSC/860 and an Intel iPSC/2 for a set of problems with regular and irregular sparsity structure are reported. More than 180 million flops per second during the numerical factorization are achieved for a threedimensional grid problem on an iPSC/860 machine with 32 processors.
Challenges in Ranking of Universities

In this paper we discuss recent developments in rankings of universities and the impact of these rankings on academia in the context of international benchmarking and evaluation. We focus on technical and methodological problems behind these rankings, particularly those based on bibliometric methods, with special attention to the social sciences and humanities. We criticize the recent expert-based rankings by showing that the correlation of expert score and bibliometric outcomes is practically zero. This finding casts severe doubts on the reliability of these expertbased rankings. New approaches are proposed on the basis of advanced bibliometric methods. It is argued on the basis of preliminary results that, probably due to ‘finite size’ considerations, a league of outstanding universities worldwide will not have much more than around 200 members. Finally, we discuss the challenges for further research and practical applications. 1. Context and Central Questions Scientific research has always been an international enterprise. The growth in the last few decades of worldwide R&D activities as well as the higher education sector in developed and developing countries reinforced established academic institutions and created many new ones. At the same time, the number and intensity of student and researcher exchange programs, international collaboration, and working stays outside the own country rapidly increased, intensified by the evergrowing worldwide mobility. An important parallel development, stimulated too by the growth of the higher education sector, is the strong demand for accountability, evidence of quality, and ‘value for money’. This latter development gave rise to an expanding evaluation culture. This evaluation culture is based on elements present for already a very long time in the scientific world such as judgment of research quality by peer review. All these developments led to an increasing competition for financial support and for the best students and researchers between universities within nations and worldwide. Universities strive for belonging to the top of their country, or even to the world top. This implies the existence of some kind of a league (a national one, or an international one), to which one can only be admitted on the basis of performance. The higher the performance, the better chances a university has to become a member of an elite league and to reach a high ranking position in this league. Clearly, the basic question is: How can we identify the best universities in the world? From this basic question, we derive several research questions that have to be answered in the context of ranking procedures. First, to which activities are the leagues related? In the case of
A COMPREHENSIVE SET OF PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR THE MATLAB ® / SIMULINK ® ENVIRONMENT

PV Hybrid system performance is closely tied to the control strategy employed. To develop integrated optimal control strategies, a better understanding of component and system behaviour is required. Natural Resources Canada has developed a comprehensive set of PV component models for system simulation, called PV Toolbox. These models will help researchers find ways to reduce the life-cycle cost of remote photovoltaic/genset hybrid power plants and improve their over-all performance. PV Toolbox is built under the Matlab/Simulink environment which offers an open, flexible and extensible architecture to create complex system models by interconnecting individual components. This tool performs continuous-time simulations of electrical, thermal, environmental and financial parameters in order to draw conclusions about system operation and to facilitate system analysis and optimisation. Extensive theoretical and practical validations have been performed on PV Toolbox. Individual components were examined and whole PV systems were compared against literature, against monitored data from real sites and from CETC-Varennes hybrid test bench and against other simulation tools to verify that their behaviour was sound. Results show that PV Toolbox appears to meet the expectations of a flexible tool for R&D purposes, which can suit research requirements in terms of input data, types of load, types of output, components included and their configuration.
Automatic Season Classification of Outdoor Photos

Automatic season classification of an image is potentially useful for content-based image retrieval, computer object recognition and digital photo management applications. In this paper, we propose a method for automatic season classification of outdoor photos combining color information and skin information. We extract color information by computing the normalized color histogram of the photo. Skin information is only available for the photos containing people. It is extracted based on the results of face detection and skin detection. After performing face and skin detection, we select skin blobs that are probably face or limbs based on local feature analysis. Then features are extracted from the selected skin blobs to represent the information of skin exposure. Color information and skin information are combined using the Bayesian method. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method.
PSFC / JA-0535 H-mode pedestal and LH transition studies on

H-mode research on Alcator C-Mod is described, with a focus on the edge transport barrier (ETB). ETB pedestals are characterized using several diagnostics, leading to a thorough description of profile structure in H-mode. L-H transition criteria are discussed, along with the fast evolution of the pedestal following the L-H transition. H-mode regimes are described in terms of their edge transport characteristics and the local edge parameters favoring each. Empirical scalings of the pedestal with operational parameters are found, helping to illuminate physics governing the pedestal structure, and the relationship between edge transport and global confinement is discussed. Dimensionless comparisons between discharges on different tokamaks are discussed. Finally, ongoing work and directions for the future are described.
Serum triglycerides and risk for death in Stage 3 and Stage 4 chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND An elevated triglyceride level is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population. The associations between serum triglyceride and all-cause mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unclear. METHODS Patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate 15-59 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) who had serum triglycerides measured prior to being classified as CKD were included. We examined the associations of serum triglyceride levels with all-cause mortality among 25 641 Stage 3 and Stage 4 CKD patients using Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS In the Cox model, after adjusting for relevant covariates including other lipid parameters, serum triglyceride level 150-199 mg/dL was not associated with death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.92-1.10] relative to serum triglyceride <150 mg/dL while serum triglyceride ≥ 200 mg/dL was associated with a 11% increased hazard for death (95% CI 1.01-1.22). Age modified the association between serum triglyceride levels ≥ 200 mg/dL and mortality with patients <65 years having a 38% higher hazard for death (95% CI 1.15-1.65) and ≥ 65 years with no increased risk for death (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.88-1.08, P for interaction <0.001). When serum triglycerides were examined as a continuous log-transformed variable, similar associations with mortality were noted. CONCLUSIONS Serum triglyceride ≥ 200 mg/dL was independently associated with all-cause mortality in Stage 3 and Stage 4 CKD patients aged <65 years but not among patients of age ≥ 65 years. Future studies should confirm these findings and examine the mechanisms that may explain these associations.
Developing iconic and semi-iconic game controllers

We propose the notion of semi-iconic game input (i.e., sharing some properties of game objects instead of being a complete iconic representation of them) and investigate influence of controller representation on player experience. In particular, we developed game controllers at different degrees of realism (symbolic, semi-iconic, and iconic). We present the developed controllers and initial usability findings.
Particle Filtering approach to parameter estimate and temperature prediction of satellite

To identify the heat flux dynamically and predict the temperature more correctly, a particle filtering (PF) algorithm based on a double lumped thermal model is put forward. In the PF approach to the dynamic state estimation, one attempts to construct the posterior probability density function of the state based on all available information including the set of received measurements. Because the PDF embodies all available statistical information, it is a more effective method for the nonlinear estimation and prediction problem studied in this paper. Simulations were conducted. Results demonstrated the algorithm based on the double lumped thermal model could meet the precision of dynamical identification and real-time prediction for a satellite. The algorithm has a greater potential to apply autonomous control and self-adapting manage of satellite thermal control system in the future.
A new stratified self-calibration algorithm under small camera rotations

In this paper, we consider the problem of self-calibration from image sequence taken by a camera with constant intrinsic parameters. Stratified approach starts from projective calibration, refines it into affine calibration and finally upgrades it to metric calibration. Both linear and nonlinear algorithms were proposed for projective and metric steps. The affine step was reported to be the most difficult one in the whole process. The current technique mostly depends on nonlinear optimization followed by random search or dense search. This paper solves this problem by assuming that the camera rotation between subsequential images is small, which can be easily satisfied in real applications. We found that the relationships among three main diagonal elements of the infinity homography of such two views can be approximated as linear in the affine stage. The idea was developed into a simple, linear algorithm to compute the affine calibration from projective calibration. The result can be used as the start point of nonlinear optimization, such as modulus constraint. Simulations and experiments are presented in the paper.
A Systematic Review of Literature on Effect of Internet Addiction in Adolescents

More than twenty five online studies were reviewed and it was identified that psychological, educational, social, interpersonal, daily habits, routines of daily life, sleeping pattern, eating habits, study habits and living pattern effect by the internet. In last few year use of internet is excessive because the internet is easily available. Internet is most important for life because it‟s beneficial for every person. Adolescents are the age group 13 to 18 years is very influenced by internet. Internet addiction is the major problem in adolescents. Addicted show some physical problems and emotional and personal problems.
On overcoming limitations of a class of linear systems with first-order reset elements

This paper considers using reset control to improve transient performance and overcome some fundamental limitations of linear systems. First, an auxiliary system is presented, then, based on which, a new reset control model is proposed, such that the non-overshoot performance specification can be met for any minimum phase relative degree one plants, the results imply some limitations of linear systems are overcome and clearly illustrate the advantages of reset control. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness.
Traitement automatique des données hétérogènes liées à l'aménagement des territoires

La notion d'amenagement du territoire fait reference a differents concepts tels que les informations spatiales et temporelles, les acteurs, les opinions, l'histoire, la politique, etc. Aujourd'hui, avec le developpement des technologies numeriques (blogs, forums, reseaux sociaux, etc.), l'ensemble des acteurs impliques s'expriment et tous les documents textuels ainsi produits constituent une source considerable d'informations qu'il est crucial d'analyser. Dans cet article, nous souhaitons poser les premieres bases d'une methode automatique d'extraction de connaissances permettant d'analyser le ressenti (opinion et/ou sentiment) des acteurs impliques a partir d'un corpus de donnees totalement heterogenes constitues specifiquement pour un territoire. Une telle approche, qui se situe dans le domaine de la science des donnees, offrira aux decideurs et aux usagers d'un territoire un environnement leur permettant d'en obtenir les clefs de lecture et d'en mesurer tous les enjeux et les contours. (Resume d'auteur)
POSTER: CRYPTSERVER: strong data protection in commodity LAMP servers

Modern web applications store sensitive data on their servers. Such data is prone to theft resulting from exploits against vulnerabilities in the server software stacks. In this work, we propose a new architecture for web servers, called CryptServer, in which we pre-determine and fix a small amount of application code that can compute over sensitive data. By encrypting sensitive data before making it available to the rest of untrusted application code, CryptServer provides strong defense against all malicious code that an attacker may run in the server software stack. As a step towards making this approach practical, we develop an assistance tool to identify the portion of server-side logic that requires computation over sensitive data. Our preliminary results show that the size of such logic is small in six popular web applications we study. To the extent of our evaluation, converting these applications to a CryptServer architecture requires modest developer effort.
Am I a Racist? Implicit Bias and the Ascription of Racism

: There is good evidence that many people harbor attitudes that conflict with those they endorse. In the language of social psychology, they seem to have implicit attitudes that conflict with their explicit beliefs. There has been a great deal of attention paid to the question whether agents like this are responsible for actions caused by their implicit attitudes, but much less to the question whether they can rightly be described as (say) racist in virtue of harboring them. In this paper, I attempt to answer this question using three different standards, providing by the three dominant kinds of accounts of racism (doxastic, behavioral and affective). I argue that on none of these accounts should agents like this be described as racists. However, it would be misleading to say, without qualification, that they are not racists. On none of these accounts are agents like this entirely off the hook.
High frequency propagation prediction and estimation for wireless communication systems

A proper site choice of base stations is important for establishing a stable and secure wireless communication channel. Accordingly, a propagation prediction method, which can be easily implemented for a high frequency wireless communication channel in an urban environment should be developed. The basic idea of the ray tracing technique to account for reflection and diffraction from the ground and surrounding building structure is discussed for propagation prediction in an urban environment.
Research on the Noise Reduction for Chaotic Signals Based on the Adaptive Local Projection Approach

Since the local projection noise reduction approach is influenced by the neighborhood selection greatly, an improved local projection noise reduction approach with adaptive neighborhood selection is proposed. Firstly, one-dimensional time series are embedded into a high dimensional phase space. Secondly, increase the neighborhood radius of the phase point to be analyzed, gradually. The optimal neighborhood radius for each phase point is determined by finding a stable stage during the changing of fitting slope, with the increasing of the radius. And the fitting slope that fits all the vectors in the neighborhood was got by the least squares approach in this paper. Lastly, the noise is eliminated through local geometric projection. Both the noisy chaotic time series generated by Henon map and the vibration signals from the oil pump unit were respectively applied for noise reduction by this approach. The experimental results showed that the adaptive local projection approach proposed improved both the noise reduction performance and the adaptability to different chaotic signals.
WINNER, 1980 NCSA UNDERGRADUATE COMPETITION Sociobiology: A New Synthesis?

This paper examines the relatively new theory of sociobiology, which is an attempt to explain the social behavior of animals to a significant extent genetically. This theory is characterized in terms of its origins, its relation to biology and evolutionary theory, and its explanations of human behavior patterns such as aggression, parenthood, and the like. Moreover, the implications which this theory holds for society and the social sciences are examined and criticized with the conclusions that sociobiology, in its present form, cannot be held as a scientifically acceptable account of all the factors determining animal behavior, but that it does have the effect of giving greater impetus to the idea that the social and natural sciences are inseparable.
Title Cardiomyocytes Derived from MHC-Homozygous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Exhibit Reduced Allogeneic Immunogenicity in MHC-Matched Non-human Primates

SUMMARY Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can serve as a source of cardiomyocytes (CMs) to treat end-stage heart failure; however, transplan-tation of genetically dissimilar iPSCs even within species (allogeneic) can induce immune rejection. We hypothesized that this might be limited by matching the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens between the donor and the recipient. We therefore transplanted fluorescence-labeled (GFP) iPSC-CMs donated from a macaque with homozygous MHC haplotypes into the subcutaneous tissue and hearts of macaques having heterozygous MHC haplotypes (MHC-matched; group I) or without identical MHC alleles (group II) in conjunction with immune suppression. Group I displayed a higher GFP intensity and less immune-cell infiltration in the graft than group II. However, MHC-matched transplantation with single or no immune-suppressive drugs still induced a substantial host immune response to the graft. Thus, the immunogenicity of allogeneic iPSC-CMs was reduced by MHC-matched transplantation although a requirement for appropriate immune suppression was retained for successful engraftment.
Ju n 20 03 Outflows from dynamo-active protostellar accretion discs

An axisymmetric model of a cool, dynamo-active accretion disc is applied to protostellar discs. Thermally and magnetically driven outflows develop that are not collimated within 0.1 AU. In the presence of a central magnetic field from the protostar, accretion onto the protostar is highly episodic, which is in agreement with earlier work.
Forward/Backward Unforgeable Digital Signature Scheme Using Symmetric-Key Crypto-System

The digital equivalent of a handwritten signature or stamped seal, but offering far more inherent security, a digital signature is intended to solve the problem of tampering and impersonation in digital communications. Digital signatures can provide the added assurances of evidence to origin, identity and status of an electronic document, transaction or message, as well as acknowledging informed consent by the signer. Even though, some signature schemes have already been proposed to address all the requirements of a digital signature scheme. However, they are unable to accomplish forward or backward unforgeability in arbitrated signature scheme, where if the signature key used in the scheme is compromised then an attacker will be able to forge any previous/future signature. In order to resolve this issue, in this article, we propose secure digital signature schemes, which can ensure the security requirements including forward and backward unforgeability supports.
Facebook, pour quoi faire ?. Configurations d’activités et structures relationnelles

Cet article decrit la diversite des comportements sur Facebook. A partir d’une enquete quantitative portant sur les donnees extraites de 15 145 comptes Facebook, il propose une interpretation morphologique et structurale des modalites d’expression et d’interaction sur le reseau socio-numerique. Six configurations sont identifiees a partir des differentes activites que la plateforme offre aux utilisateurs : une classe de non-actifs, deux classes dominees par la conversation (en groupe, ou distribuee sur la page des amis) et trois classes d’utilisateurs qui privilegient l’expression sur leur propre page (egocentres, egovisibles, partageurs). En croisant ces donnees d’activite avec des indicateurs socio-demographiques ou structurels, on saisit l’influence capitale de l’âge, du sexe ou de la structure du reseau amical sur ces configurations. On observe ainsi une forte sensibilite du reseau en fonction de l’âge de l’utilisateur et une specialisation d’un sous-reseau de commentateurs reguliers chez les utilisateurs les plus actifs de Facebook.
IPGroupRep: A Novel Reputation Based System for Anti-Spam

While reputation systems have already been applied into the field of anti-spam, they still have some shortcomings,in terms of reputation database scale and vulnerable to be evaded by the adverse users. To solve these problems,we present a novel reputation system named IPGroupRep.The performance of this system is evaluated on some real world dataset, and compared to the existing reputation systems. The experimental results show that IPGroupRep could effectively separate spam from legitimate messages .