Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prodromata of Myocardial Infarction and Sudden Death

A sample of 160 hospitalized, acute myocardial infarction patients and 138 individuals who died prior to hospitalization from acute coronary heart disease were studied to determine the incidence and duration of prodromal symptoms and action taken to cope with the symptoms. Seventy percent of the in-hospital subsample (IHS) and 64% of the out-hospital subsample (OHS) reported prodromata. The OHS reported a significantly longer median duration of symptoms than the IHS (29 versus 10.5 days). Sixty-seven percent of the IHS reported new or accelerated anginal symptoms as the most frequently occurring symptom, in contrast to 35% for the OHS. Twenty-seven percent of the IHS and 36% of the OHS consulted a physician about symptoms. Individuals in both subgroups, especially chronically diseased patients, considered their symptoms manageable. Likewise, when contacted, their physicians may have viewed these symptoms as manageable. Patients with a high risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death were significantly more likely to have consulted physicians during the prodromal phase than low-risk patients. A clearly delineated prodromal syndrome is needed so that both lay and medical communities can effectively respond to and in tervene during the prodromal phase of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death.
Distributed coverage of rectilinear environments

This thesis addresses a specific problem of distributed robotics—namely, the problem of using a team of identical robots to autonomously and cooperatively generate a map of their shared workspace without the use of a central controller. The problem is posed as one of sensor-based coverage, in which a complete exploration of the environment is produced without any initial information. The system that inspired this work, the minifactory, is an automated assembly system that requires the ability for complete self-calibration, a task that can be posed as sensor-based coverage. The problem addressed here is therefore specified for a class of robots similar to the minifactory's couriers—rectangular robots with intrinsic contact sensing operating in a shared rectilinear environment. To approach this problem, first a novel sensor-based coverage algorithm for a single robot, CCR, is presented. CCR uses a reactive construction and no time-based history to perform coverage, enabling the straightforward addition of cooperation. A proof is then presented which shows that a robot under the direction of CCR will reach every point in any finite rectilinear environment with no initial knowledge. A cooperative algorithm DCR is then presented which runs independently on each robot in a team with a shared workspace. DCR uses a modified version of CCR to produce coverage, while two additional algorithmic components allow the robots to cooperate at run-time to determine their relative location in the environment and improve the efficiency of the coverage process. A proof for DCR is also presented which shows that each point in the environment will be reached by at least one robot, and that each robot will end up with a complete map to which it has registered itself. Extensions to DCR are presented which allow for the handling of collisions between robots, some position uncertainty in the robots' sensing, and teams of different sized robots. Finally, some directions for future work are presented, including the extension of CCR and DCR to different robot systems and the generalization of the proof of DCR to a class of cooperative robotic algorithms.
Study on Magnetic Field Mapping Method in the Center Volume of the Air-Core Solenoid

Mapping is a useful tool in the magnetic field analysis and design. In some specific research area, such as the nuclear magnetic resonance or the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is important to map the magnetic field in the interesting space with high accuracy and low time consumption. In this paper, a numerical way for mapping the magnetic field in the center volume of an air-core solenoid is presented, based on the solution of the Laplace's equation for the field. Through the mathematical analysis on the mapping calculation, the error of the mapping can be estimated using the condition number of the matrix, which is related by the measurement points and the highest order of the solution of the Laplace's equation. Considering the simplicity and the accuracy, the helical cylindrical line (HCL) method is described to measure the magnetic flux density using one probe. As an example, a practical MRI magnet was mapped by the HCL method. The measurement values of the magnetic flux density are simulated according to the parameters of the MRI magnet. Based on these values, the magnetic flux density in the estimated volume can be obtained through the HCL method. Comparing the measurement value with the mapping result, the method is feasible and convenient to produce satisfactory results in the field mapping. This method will give some convenience and accuracy for mapping the magnetic field in the center volume of the air-core solenoid.
Character-to-Character Sentiment Analysis in Shakespeare’s Plays

We present an automatic method for analyzing sentiment dynamics between characters in plays. This literary format’s structured dialogue allows us to make assumptions about who is participating in a conversation. Once we have an idea of who a character is speaking to, the sentiment in his or her speech can be attributed accordingly, allowing us to generate lists of a character’s enemies and allies as well as pinpoint scenes critical to a character’s emotional development. Results of experiments on Shakespeare’s plays are presented along with discussion of how this work can be extended to unstructured texts (i.e. novels).
Temporal Analysis for Web Spam Detection: An Overview

In this paper we give a comprehensive overview of temporal features devised for Web spam detection providing measurements for different feature sets. • We make a temporal feature research data set publicly available. The features are based on eight UbiCrawler crawl snapshots of the . uk domain between October 2006 and May 2007 and use the WEBSPAM-UK2007 labels. • We explore the performance of previously published temporal spam features and in particular the strength and sensitivity of linkage change. • We propose new temporal link similarity based features and show how to compute them efficiently on large graphs. Our experiments are conducted over the collection of eight . uk crawl snapshots that include WEBSPAM-UK2007.
Classical force field parameters for the heme prosthetic group of cytochrome c

Accurate force fields are essential for describing biological systems in a molecular dynamics simulation. To analyze the docking of the small redox protein cytochrome c (cyt c) requires simulation parameters for the heme in both the reduced and oxidized states. This work presents parameters for the partial charges and geometries for the heme in both redox states with ligands appropriate to cyt c. The parameters are based on both protein X‐ray structures and ab initio density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimizations at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. The simulations with the new parameter set reproduce the geometries of the X‐ray structures and the interaction energies between water and heme prosthetic group obtained from B3LYP/6‐31G* calculations. The parameter set developed here will provide new insights into docking processes of heme containing redox proteins. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1613–1622, 2004
An Analysis of the Effects of Smartphone Push Notifications on Task Performance with regard to Smartphone Overuse Using ERP

Smartphones are used ubiquitously worldwide and are essential tools in modern society. However, smartphone overuse is an emerging social issue, and limited studies have objectively assessed this matter. The majority of previous studies have included surveys or behavioral observation studies. Since a previous study demonstrated an association between increased push notifications and smartphone overuse, we investigated the effects of push notifications on task performance. We detected changes in brainwaves generated by smartphone push notifications using the N200 and P300 components of event-related potential (ERP) to investigate both concentration and cognitive ability. ERP assessment indicated that, in both risk and nonrisk groups, the lowest N200 amplitude and the longest latency during task performance were found when push notifications were delivered. Compared to the nonrisk group, the risk group demonstrated lower P300 amplitudes and longer latencies. In addition, the risk group featured a higher rate of error in the Go-Nogo task, due to the negative influence of smartphone push notifications on performance in both risk and nonrisk groups. Furthermore, push notifications affected subsequent performance in the risk group.
Learning and identifying haptic icons under workload

This work addresses the use of vibrotactile haptic feedback to transmit background information with variable intrusiveness, when recipients are engrossed in a primary visual and/or auditory task. We describe two studies designed to (a) perceptually optimize a set of vibrotactile "icons" and (b) evaluate users' ability to identify them in the presence of varying degrees of workload. Seven icons learned in approximately 3 minutes were each typically identified within 2.5 s and at 95% accuracy in the absence of workload.
Renal stone assessment with dual-energy multidetector CT and advanced postprocessing techniques: improved characterization of renal stone composition--pilot study.

PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate the capability of noninvasive, simultaneous dual-energy (DE) multidetector computed tomography (CT) to improve characterization of human renal calculi in an anthropomorphic DE renal phantom by introducing advanced postprocessing techniques, with ex vivo renal stone spectroscopy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty renal calculi were assessed: Thirty stones were of pure crystalline composition (uric acid, cystine, struvite, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, brushite), and 20 were of polycrystalline composition. DE CT was performed with a 64-detector CT unit. A postprocessing algorithm (DECT(Slope)) was proposed as a pixel-by-pixel approach to generate Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine dataset gray-scale-encoding ratios of relative differences in attenuation values of low- and high-energy DE CT. Graphic analysis, in which clusters of equal composition were identified, was performed by sorting attenuation values of color composition-encoded calculi in an ascending sequence. Multivariate general linear model analysis was used to determine level of significance to differentiate composition on native and postprocessed DE CT images. RESULTS Graphic analysis of native DE CT images was used to identify clusters for uric acid (453-629 HU for low-energy CT, 443-615 HU for high-energy CT), cystine (725-832 HU for low-energy CT, 513-747 HU for high-energy CT), and struvite (1337-1530 HU for low-energy CT, 1007-1100 HU for high-energy CT) stones; high-energy clusters showed attenuation value overlap. Polycrystalline calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate calculi were found throughout the entire spectrum, and dense brushite had attenuation values of more than 1500 HU for low-energy CT and more than 1100 HU for high-energy CT. The DE CT algorithm was used to generate specific identifiers for uric acid (77-80 U(Slope), one outlier), cystine (70-71 U(Slope)), struvite (56-60 U(Slope)), calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (17-59 U(Slope)), and brushite (4-15 U(Slope)) stones. Statistical analysis showed that all compositions were identified unambiguously with the DECT(Slope) algorithm. CONCLUSION DE multidetector CT with advanced postprocessing techniques improves characterization of renal stone composition beyond that achieved with single-energy multidetector CT acquisitions with basic attenuation assessment.
Development of an autonomous kiwifruit picking robot

The design concept and development status of an autonomous kiwifruit-picking robot is presented. The robot has an intelligent vision system that ensures that only “good” fruit is picked. The robot receives instruction by radio link and operates autonomously as it navigates through the orchard, picking fruit, unloading full bins of fruit, fetching empty bins and protecting the picked fruit from rain. The robot has four picking arms, each of which will pick one fruit per second. To extend the useful annual work period of the robot, it is envisaged that it will also be used to pollinate kiwifruit flowers.
A framework to support multiple reconfiguration strategies

Self-management is a key feature of autonomic systems. This often demands the dynamic reconfiguration of a distributed application. An important issue in the reconfiguration process is the strategy that is used to coordinate the multiple participants involved in the reconfiguration. This paper addresses the problem of providing support for multiple reconfiguration strategies in autonomic systems that are designed as self-reconfigurable service compositions. We decompose existing strategies in two separate aspects -- an orchestration protocol and a local reconfiguration procedure. This separation allowed us to design a set of generic pluggable components that can be integrated in concrete service compositions, in order to support different strategies. The strategy selection is performed according to the semantics of each reconfiguration. To illustrate our approach, we have implemented an instance of these pluggable components for the RAppia composition framework.
Continuous Performance Tasks: Not Just About Sustaining Attention

Purpose Continuous performance tasks (CPTs) are used to measure individual differences in sustained attention. Many different stimuli have been used as response targets without consideration of their impact on task performance. Here, we compared CPT performance in typically developing adults and children to assess the role of stimulus processing on error rates and reaction times. Method Participants completed a CPT that was based on response to infrequent targets, while monitoring and withholding responses to regular nontargets. Performance on 3 stimulus conditions was compared: visual letters (X and O), their auditory analogs, and auditory pure tones. Results Adults showed no difference in error propensity across the 3 conditions but had slower reaction times for auditory stimuli. Children had slower overall reaction times. They responded most quickly to the visual target and most slowly to the tone target. They also made more errors in the tone condition than in either the visual or the auditory spoken CPT conditions. Conclusions The results suggest error propensity and reaction time variations on CPTs cannot solely be interpreted as evidence of inattention. They also reflect stimulus-specific influences that must be considered when testing hypotheses about modality-specific deficits in sustained attention in populations with different developmental disorders.
Inhibition of Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1 Blocks Estrogen and Androgen Action on Male Sex Behavior and Associated Brain Plasticity

Studies of eukaryotic gene expression demonstrate the importance of nuclear steroid receptor coactivators in mediating efficient gene transcription. However, little is known about the physiological role of these coactivators in vivo. In Japanese quail, the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) is broadly expressed in steroid-sensitive brain areas that control the expression of male copulatory behavior, and we investigated the role of this coactivator by antisense technology. Daily intracerebroventricular injections of locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense (AS) oligonucleotides targeting SRC-1 significantly reduced the expression of androgen- and estrogen-dependent male-typical sexual behaviors compared with control animals that received the vehicle alone or scrambled oligonucleotides. Sexual behavior was restored and even enhanced within 48 h after interruption of LNA injections. Western blot analysis confirmed the decrease of SRC-1 expression in AS animals and suggested an overexpression 48 h after the end of injections. The effects of SRC-1 knock-down on behavior correlated with a reduction in volume of the preoptic medial nucleus (POM) when its borders were defined by Nissl staining or by aromatase immunohistochemistry. The amount of aromatase-immunoreactive material in POM was also reduced in the AS compared with the control group. Previous work on SRC-1 knock-out mice raised questions about the importance of this specific coactivator in the regulation of reproductive behavior and development of sexually dimorphic structures in the CNS. Together, the present findings indicate that SRC-1 modulates steroid-dependent gene transcription and behavior and highlight the rapid time course of steroid-induced brain plasticity in adult quail.
Exploratorium : A Semantically Integrated Adaptive Educational System

With the growth of adaptive educational systems available to students, integration of these systems is changing from an interesting research problem into an important practical task. One of the challenges that need to be accepted on the way is the development of mechanisms for student model integration. The architectural principles and representation technologies employed by the adaptive educational systems define the applicability of a particular integration approach. This paper overviews the existing mechanisms and detail one of them: the evidence integration.
Describing Semantic Web Services: From UML to OWL-S

As a de facto standard, OWL-S enables the semantic description of Web services, resulting in the automated discovery, selection, and composition of Web services. However, the complexity of the OWL-S grammar makes it difficult to construct an OWL-S ontology manually. This paper presents an efficient method for generating OWL-S ontologies from UML diagrams, which are widely used for software design and development. The proposed method uses a class diagram to represent a domain ontology and sequence or activity diagrams to represent the behavior of a business process. It also uses UML profiles to support various features of OWL-S. Finally, an XMI file extracted from UML diagrams is transformed into an OWL-S ontology via an XSLT script. Experimental results with a large volume of UML diagrams show that the proposed method deals with the control flow of complex processes and is superior to previous methods.
SVM Scheme for Speech Emotion Recognition using MFCC Feature

recognition from speech has developed as a recent research area in Human-Computer Interaction. The objective of this paper is to use a 3-stage Support Vector Machine classifier to classify seven different emotions present in the Berlin Emotional Database. For the purpose of classification, MFCC features from all the 535 files present in the database are extracted. Nine statistical measurements are performed over these features from each frame of a sentence. The linear and RBF kernels are employed in hierarchical SVM with RBF sigma value equal to one. For training and testing of data, 10- fold cross-validation is used. Performance analysis is done by using the confusion matrix and the accuracy obtained is 68%.
A NEW MECHANISM OF IMMUNE HYPOREACTIVITY INDUCED BY MULTIVALENT ANTIGENS* BY JOHN W. SCHRADER~t AND G. J. V. NOSSAL

Of the many model antigens that have been used to elucidate the mechanisms of immunological nonresponsiveness, two groups have been especially popular. These are heterologous serum proteins (1) and highly multivalent, polymeric antigens such as pneumococcal polysaccharides (2) or polymerized flagellin (POL)' (3). In recent years haptens have been conjugated to such tolerogens, and hapten-specific tolerance at the level of the B lymphocyte has been measured. Though antigens from each group can cause B-cell nonresponsiveness under appropriate circumstances, the latter group exhibits some features which differentiate it from the former. These include strong immunogenicity in low (subtolerogenic) dosage, independence of help from T lymphocytes, a major IgM component to the primary response, and, in some cases, an adjuvantlike action. In fact, at least two antigens of this group which have been shown to be good in vitro B-cell tolerogens, namely bacterial lipopolysaccharide (4) and POL (3), actually possess the capacity to prevent the induction of B-cell tolerance by high doses of soluble serum proteins (5, 6). This suggests the possibility that the mulfivalent, T-cell independent antigens cause unresponsiveness through a different mechanism than that pertaining for soluble serum proteins.
Some challenges facing software engineers developing software for scientists

In this paper, I discuss two types of challenges facing software engineers as they develop software for scientists. The first type is those challenges that arise from the experience that scientists might have of developing their own software. From this experience, they internalise a model of software development but may not realise the contextual factors which make such a model successful. They thus have expectations and assumptions which prove challenging to software engineers. The second type is those challenges which, while not unique to the development of software for scientists, have especial significance in the context of such development. These include the challenges of ensuring effective user engagement and of developing software for a community.
Binding of monomeric immunoglobulins to Fc receptors of mouse macrophages

The binding properties of surface receptors of immunoglobulins on mouse macrophages were studied with mouse myeloma proteins and normal peritoneal macrophages, thioglycollate-stimulated macrophages, and a macrophage cell line, P388D1. Primary cultures of mouse embryo fibroblasts served as controls. IgG2a proteins were bound strongly;IgG2b was bound weakly (one-twentieth as well as IgG2a);IgM, IgA, and IgG1 were not bound significantly. The number of binding sites per cell for IgG2a was 4 X 10(5) for thioglycollate-stimulated cells and 1 X 10(5) for normal and P388D1 cells. Binding was exothermal: with decreasing temperature the equilibrium (association) constants increased and dissociation rate constants decreased (at 37degreesC the respective values were 2 X 10(7) M-1 and 0.26 min-1, the latter value corresponds to a half time for dissociation of 2.6 min). From the rapidity of association and dissociation, it appears that the surface of the macrophage is in a dynamic equilibrium with IgG2a molecules in the cell's immediate microenvironment. The receptors for IgG2a are clearly specific for determinants in the immunoglobulin constant domain: two IgG2a proteins with greatly different isoelectric points (determined by isoelectric focusing) were bound with the same affinity to the same receptors; moreover, the Fc fragment was bound and Fab fragments were not. The Fc receptors for IgG2a proteins were readily eliminated by exposing macrophages briefly to trypsin. The receptors were regenerated during subsequent cultivation in serum-free medium; regeneration was inhibited totally by cycloheximide and partially by actinomycin D.