Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of intermittent hypoxic training on amino and fatty acid oxidative combustion in human permeabilized muscle fibers.

The effects of concurrent hypoxic/endurance training on mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibers in trained athletes were investigated. Eighteen endurance athletes were divided into two training groups: normoxic (Nor, n = 8) and hypoxic (H, n = 10). Three weeks (W1-W3) of endurance training (5 sessions of 1 h to 1 h and 30 min per week) were completed. All training sessions were performed under normoxic [160 Torr inspired Po(2) (Pi(O(2)))] or hypoxic conditions ( approximately 100 Torr Pi(O(2)), approximately 3,000 m) for Nor and H group, respectively, at the same relative intensity. Before and after the training period, an incremental test to exhaustion in normoxia was performed, muscle biopsy samples were taken from the vastus lateralis, and mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibers was measured. Peak power output (PPO) increased by 7.2% and 6.6% (P < 0.05) for Nor and H, respectively, whereas maximal O(2) uptake (Vo(2 max)) remained unchanged: 58.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 61.0 +/- 1.2 ml.kg(-1). min(-1) and 58.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 58.3 +/- 0.6 ml.kg(-1). min(-1) for Nor and H, respectively, between pretraining (W0) and posttraining (W4). Maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration significantly increased for glutamate + malate (6.27 +/- 0.37 vs. 8.51 +/- 0.33 mumol O(2). min(-1). g dry weight(-1)) and significantly decreased for palmitate + malate (3.88 +/- 0.23 vs. 2.77 +/- 0.08 mumol O(2). min(-1). g dry weight(-1)) in the H group. In contrast, no significant differences were found for the Nor group. The findings demonstrate that 1) a 3-wk training period increased the PPO at sea level without any changes in Vo(2 max), and 2) a 3-wk hypoxic exercise training seems to alter the intrinsic properties of mitochondrial function, i.e., substrate preference.
The design and implementation of the redland RDF application framework

Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a general description technology that can be applied to many application domains. Redland is a exible and eAEcient implementation of RDF that complements this power and provides highlevel interfaces allowing instances of the model to be stored, queried and manipulated in C, Perl, Python, Tcl and other languages. Redland is implemented using an object-based API, providing several of the implementation classes as modules which can be added, removed or replaced to allow di erent functionality or application-speci c optimisations. The framework provides the core technology for developing new RDF applications, experimenting with implementation techniques, APIs and representation issues.
Network cohesion, group size and neocortex size in female-bonded Old World primates

Most primates are intensely social and spend a large amount of time servicing social relationships. In this study, we use social network analysis to examine the relationship between primate group size, total brain size, neocortex ratio and several social network metrics concerned with network cohesion. Using female grooming networks from a number of Old World monkey species, we found that neocortex size was a better predictor of network characteristics than endocranial volumes. We further found that when we controlled for group size, neocortex ratio was negatively correlated with network density, connectivity, relative clan size and proportional clan membership, while there was no effect of neocortex ratio on change in connectivity following the removal of the most central female in the network. Thus, in species with larger neocortex ratios, females generally live in more fragmented networks, belong to smaller grooming clans and are members of relatively fewer clans despite living in a closely bonded group. However, even though groups are more fragmented to begin with among species with larger neocortices, the removal of the most central individual does cause groups to fall apart, suggesting that social complexity may ultimately involve the management of highly fragmented social groups while at the same time maintaining overall social cohesion. These results emphasize a need for more detailed brain data on a wider sample of primate species.
Importance of dispersal for the expansion of a Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx population in a fragmented landscape

Abstract Dispersal allows recolonization of previous areas of habitat following severe depression of a population but the significance of this is not clear in felids. There is little evidence to support the general belief that subadult felids will colonize new areas, although this is a crucial assumption in reintroduction or recovery projects. Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx were reintroduced into the Swiss Alps and have subsequently spread over part of their potential range but the expansion halted in the mid 1980s. We postulated that high lynx densities would lead to an expansion of the population, and to assess the potential of this population to expand we compared the dispersal characteristics of 22 subadults from the north-west Swiss Alps, where an increase in lynx abundance occurred from 1995 onwards, to 17 individuals from the Jura Mountains, an area with a lower lynx density. Dispersal data came mainly from radio-telemetry. Dispersal rates and distances for subadults that completed dispersal were lower in the north-west Swiss Alps than in the Jura Mountains. In general, subadults exhibited little ability to cross major barriers such as highways. The hypothesis that high density alone will foster the expansion of the population was therefore not confirmed. This has consequences for the reintroduction and recovery of carnivores in fragmented landscapes. To establish only one strong source population may not be an optimal strategy, and population nuclei should therefore be founded in several neighbouring patches.
Radiation sterilization of prototype military foods: low-temperature irradiation of codfish cake, corned beef, and pork sausage.

"Screening" packs comprising 10 lots each of codfish cake, corned beef, and pork sausage, each lot containing about 10(6) spores of a different strain (five type A and five type B) of Clostridium botulinum per can, were irradiated at -30 +/- 10 C with a series of increasing doses (20 replicate cans/dose) of (60)Co gamma rays. The cans were incubated for 3 months at 30 C and examined for swelling, toxin, and recoverable botulinal cells. Based on the latter criterion of spoilage, median lethal dose (LD(50)) and D values were estimated for each strain in each food. The most resistant strain in codfish cake, corned beef, and pork sausage was, respectively, 53B, 77A, and 41B. There was no clear-cut trend in the comparative order of resistance between the two antigenic types among the three foods. LD(50) values gave essentially the same order of resistances as the D values and may be used interchangeably with the latter for the 10 test organisms. "Clearance" packs consisting of the most resistant strain (about 10(7) spores/can) with its respective food were irradiated with a variety of doses at -30 +/- 10 C, using 100 replicate cans/dose (about 10(9) spores/dose). These packs were incubated for 6 months at 30 C and assayed for the three types of spoilage. Based on recoverable cells, the experimental sterilizing doses (ESD) for codfish cake, corned beef, and pork sausage were 2.5< ESD </= 3.0, 2.0 < ESD </= 2.5, and 1.5 < ESD </= 2.0 Mrad, in that order. Assuming exponential spore death, the 12D values, or minimal radiation doses (MRD), were 3.24, 2.44, and 2.65 Mrad, respectively. Estimation of the MRD values by a method which assumes that spore death in the cans follows a normal distribution, yielded 3.09, 2.57, and 2.39 Mrad, respectively. Weibull analyis of the pooled 10-strain viable cell spoilage data of the screening packs for codfish cake or corned beef suggested that spore death in the cans follows a normal distribution yielded 3.09, 2.57, pooled data were not amenable to such analysis. Sublethal doses (0.5, 0.75 Mrad) increased the visible spoilage rate of corned beef over that of unirradiated controls. Apparently radiation-injured spores of C. botulinum were sensitized to the presence of food additives such as curing salts, NaCl, and spices.
MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI LEVEL INVERTERS USING SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (SVPWM)

Space Vector Modulation (SVM) Technique has become the most popular and important PWM technique for three phase Voltage Source Inverters for the control of AC Induction, Brushless DC, Switched Reluctance and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. This paper proposes implementation of Three Level Diode-Clamped Inverter based on Two Level Inverter using Space Vector Modulation technique. This paper presents a novel space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) scheme to reduce switching loss. Using this novel modulation strategy, the changing of switch states cause only one single phase voltage change every time. The simulation study of space vector modulation technique of two level Inverter reveals that space vector modulation technique utilizes DC bus voltage more efficiently and generates less harmonic distortion. The proposed scheme has been implemented by using MATLAB / SIMULINK and its feasibility has been verified by the experimental results.
Dual Fatty Acid Elongase Complex Interactions in Arabidopsis

Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are involved in plant development and particularly in several cellular processes such as membrane trafficking, cell division and cell differentiation. However, the precise role of VLCFAs in these different cellular processes is still poorly understood in plants. In order to identify new factors associated with the biosynthesis or function of VLCFAs, a yeast multicopy suppressor screen was carried out in a yeast mutant strain defective for fatty acid elongation. Loss of function of the elongase 3 hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase PHS1 in yeast and PASTICCINO2 in plants prevents growth and induces cytokinesis defects. PROTEIN TYROSIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE (PTPLA) previously characterized as an inactive dehydratase was able to restore yeast phs1 growth and VLCFAs elongation but not the plant pas2-1 defects. PTPLA interacted with elongase subunits in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and its absence induced the accumulation of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA as expected from a dehydratase involved in fatty acid (FA) elongation. However, loss of PTPLA function increased VLCFA levels, an effect that was dependent on the presence of PAS2 indicating that PTPLA activity repressed FA elongation. The two dehydratases have specific expression profiles in the root with PAS2, mostly restricted to the endodermis, while PTPLA was confined in the vascular tissue and pericycle cells. Comparative ectopic expression of PTPLA and PAS2 in their respective domains confirmed the existence of two independent elongase complexes based on PAS2 or PTPLA dehydratase that are functionally interacting.
Mind wandering in text comprehension under dual-task conditions

In two experiments, subjects responded to on-task probes while reading under dual-task conditions. The secondary task was to monitor the text for occurrences of the letter e. In Experiment 1, reading comprehension was assessed with a multiple-choice recognition test; in Experiment 2, subjects recalled the text. In both experiments, the secondary task replicated the well-known “missing-letter effect” in which detection of e's was less effective for function words and the word “the. ” Letter detection was also more effective when subjects were on task, but this effect did not interact with the missing-letter effect. Comprehension was assessed in both the dual-task conditions and in control single-task conditions. In the single-task conditions, both recognition (Experiment 1) and recall (Experiment 2) was better when subjects were on task, replicating previous research on mind wandering. Surprisingly, though, comprehension under dual-task conditions only showed an effect of being on task when measured with recall; there was no effect on recognition performance. Our interpretation of this pattern of results is that subjects generate responses to on-task probes on the basis of a retrospective assessment of the contents of working memory. Further, we argue that under dual-task conditions, the contents of working memory is not closely related to the reading processes required for accurate recognition performance. These conclusions have implications for models of text comprehension and for the interpretation of on-task probe responses.
Distributed Resource Allocation in Device-to-Device Enhanced Cellular Networks

Cellular network performance can significantly benefit from direct device-to-device (D2D) communication, but interference from cochannel D2D communication limits the performance gain. In hybrid networks consisting of D2D and cellular links, finding the optimal interference management is challenging. In particular, we show that the problem of maximizing network throughput while guaranteeing predefined service levels to cellular users is non-convex and hence intractable. Instead, we adopt a distributed approach that is computationally extremely efficient, and requires minimal coordination, communication and cooperation among the nodes. The key algorithmic idea is a signaling mechanism that can be seen as a fictional pricing mechanism, that the base stations optimize and transmit to the D2D users, who then play a best response (i.e., selfishly) to this signal. Numerical results show that our algorithms converge quickly, have low overhead, and achieve a significant throughput gain, while maintaining the quality of cellular links at a predefined service level.
Studies on thermal and dielectric properties of organo clay and octakis (dimethylsiloxypropylglycidylether) silsesquioxane filled polybenzoxazine hybrid nanocomposites

Two types of polybenzoxazine (PBZ) hybrid nanocomposites were prepared from new type of benzoxazine monomer (BZ-Cy-OH) and organo-modified MMT clay (OMMT) and octakis (dimethylsiloxypropylglycidylether) silsesquioxane (OG-POSS) (up to 7.5 wt%). The new BZ-Cy-OH prepared from trans-4-aminocyclohexanol hydrochloride and 37% formaldehyde solution with 1,1-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxy phenyl) cyclohexane and its structure was conformed by FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectral studies. The thermal properties of the resulting hybrid PBZ nanocomposites were studied by using differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. Comparative study revealed on the data from the DSC analysis, the newly synthesized BZ-Cy-OH started ring opening polymerization at the lower temperature than that of the conventional benzoxazine (Ba-A). The dispersion of OMMT clay in the PBZ was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The homogeneous morphology of the hybrid nanocomposites was studied by using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis. By comparing the dielectric properties of organoclay and POSS filled PBZ nanocomposites, it was observed that the POSS filled PBZ showed low dielectic constant and in the case of organoclay filled PBZ possessed high dielectric constant. POLYM. COMPOS. , 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Service-Oriented Application Integration for condition-based maintenance with OPC Unified Architecture

OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) is a new standard for communication between information and automation systems, and devices. One possible application area for OPC UA is communication between intelligent automation devices and information systems. In this paper an approach is presented for utilizing OPC UA in conjunction with Service-Oriented Application Integration (SOAI) of Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) and condition monitoring systems in the context of condition-based maintenance (CBM). First, the requirements of application integration in CBM are identified and then a software design combining the mentioned technologies and systems is proposed. The design is evaluated with the help of an experimental implementation and test scenarios.
Using voice to generate cryptographic keys

In this position paper, we motivate and summarize our work on repeatably generating cryptographic keys from spoken user input. The goal of this work is to enable a device to generate a key (e.g., for encrypting files) upon its user speaking a chosen password (or passphrase) to it. An attacker who captures the device and extracts all information it contains, however, should be unable to determine this key. We outline our approach for achieving this goal and present preliminary empirical results for it. We also describe several directions for future work.
Latent Composite Likelihood Learning for the Structured Canonical Correlation Model

Latent variable models are used to estimate variables of interest quantities which are observable only up to some measurement error. In many studies, such variables are known but not precisely quantifiable (such as "job satisfaction" in social sciences and marketing, "analytical ability" in educational testing, or "inflation" in economics). This leads to the development of measurement instruments to record noisy indirect evidence for such unobserved variables such as surveys, tests and price indexes. In such problems, there are postulated latent variables and a given measurement model. At the same time, other unantecipated latent variables can add further unmeasured confounding to the observed variables. The problem is how to deal with unantecipated latents variables. In this paper, we provide a method loosely inspired by canonical correlation that makes use of background information concerning the "known" latent variables. Given a partially specified structure, it provides a structure learning approach to detect "unknown unknowns," the confounding effect of potentially infinitely many other latent variables. This is done without explicitly modeling such extra latent factors. Because of the special structure of the problem, we are able to exploit a new variation of composite likelihood fitting to efficiently learn this structure. Validation is provided with experiments in synthetic data and the analysis of a large survey done with a sample of over 100,000 staff members of the National Health Service of the United Kingdom.
A Wireless Passive Sensing System for Displacement/Strain Measurement in Reinforced Concrete Members

In this study, we show a wireless passive sensing system embedded in a reinforced concrete member successfully being employed for the measurement of relative displacement and strain in a simply supported beam experiment. The system utilizes electromagnetic coupling between the transceiver antenna located outside the beam, and the sensing probes placed on the reinforcing bar (rebar) surface inside the beam. The probes were designed in the form of a nested split-ring resonator, a metamaterial-based structure chosen for its compact size and high sensitivity/resolution, which is at µm/microstrains level. Experiments were performed in both the elastic and plastic deformation cases of steel rebars, and the sensing system was demonstrated to acquire telemetric data in both cases. The wireless measurement results from multiple probes are compared with the data obtained from the strain gages, and an excellent agreement is observed. A discrete time measurement where the system records data at different force levels is also shown. Practical issues regarding the placement of the sensors and accurate recording of data are discussed. The proposed sensing technology is demonstrated to be a good candidate for wireless structural health monitoring (SHM) of reinforced concrete members by its high sensitivity and wide dynamic range.
Optimal stopping and free boundary characterizations for some Brownian control problems

A singular stochastic control problem with state constraints in two-dimensions is studied. We show that the value function is C 1 and its directional derivatives are the value functions of certain optimal stopping problems. Guided by the optimal stopping problem we then introduce the associated no-action region and the free boundary and show that, under appropriate conditions, an optimally controlled process is a Brownian motion in the no-action region with re∞ection at the free boundary. This proves a conjecture of Martins, Shreve and Soner [21] on the form of an optimal control for this class of singular control problems. An important issue in our analysis is that the running cost is Lipschitz but not C 1 . This lack of smoothness is one of the key obstacles in establishing regularity of the free boundary. We show that the free boundary is Lipschitz and if the Lipschitz constant is su‐ciently small, a certain oblique derivative problem on the no-action region admits a unique viscosity solution. This uniqueness result is key in characterizing an optimally controlled process as a re∞ected difiusion in the no-action region.
Validation of the use of proliferation markers in canine neoplastic and non‐neoplastic tissues: comparison of KI‐67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression versus in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labelling by immunohistochemistry

In order to evaluate the suitability of Ki‐67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for determination of proliferative activity, the immunohistochemically determined nuclear expression of these antigens in canine non‐neoplastic and neoplastic tissues was compared with the results of in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling, which – by measurement of the fraction of S‐phase cells – is considered as the standard in the analysis of proliferative activity. The samples investigated consisted of non‐neoplastic mammary and lymphoid tissues, and of benign and malignant (primary/metastatic) mammary tumours, and malignant lymphomas. Great regional heterogeneity prevented determination of an overall labelling index (LI) in normal lymphoid tissues. In the remaining combined group of samples, LI values were significantly ranked in the order PCNA>Ki‐67>BrdU. However, the correlation of Ki‐67 or PCNA as compared to BrdU LI values was only moderate in the combined group [approximately 0.5, Spearman rank test] as well as in most subgroups, whilst it was very poor in the group of primary mammary cancers. These observations indicate that Ki‐67 or PCNA LIs as markers of proliferation do not evenly match in vivo BrdU labelling.
A Seed-Based Plant Propagation Algorithm: The Feeding Station Model

The seasonal production of fruit and seeds is akin to opening a feeding station, such as a restaurant. Agents coming to feed on the fruit are like customers attending the restaurant; they arrive at a certain rate and get served at a certain rate following some appropriate processes. The same applies to birds and animals visiting and feeding on ripe fruit produced by plants such as the strawberry plant. This phenomenon underpins the seed dispersion of the plants. Modelling it as a queuing process results in a seed-based search/optimisation algorithm. This variant of the Plant Propagation Algorithm is described, analysed, tested on nontrivial problems, and compared with well established algorithms. The results are included.
Tracking hand movement in an infrared image

The skin temperature and thermal comfort are closely related and change in skin temperature can predict thermal discomfort even before it is consciously perceived. The effect of changing thermal environment is most significant on the body extremities, particularly hands in cool and head in warm conditions. The skin temperature of the extremities can thus become a feasible control signal for personalized conditioning. In order to use a skin temperature of the extremities in practice as a control signal, it is necessary to measure it in a way that does not hinder a user. The infrared thermography represents a method that has a potential to fulfill this criterion. However, remote sensing of temperature arises new challenges how to track a movement of the human body in order to get a correct temperature of the chosen body part. This paper discusses a method based on pattern matching for real time tracking of hand movement in an infrared image.