Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Variable Hierarchy for the Games mu-Calculus

Parity games are combinatorial representations of closed Boolean mu-terms. By adding to them draw positions, they have been organized by Arnold and one of the authors into a mu-calculus. As done by Berwanger et al. for the propositional modal mu-calculus, it is possible to classify parity games into levels of a hierarchy according to the number of fixed-point variables. We ask whether this hierarchy collapses w.r. t. the standard interpretation of the games mu-calculus into the class of all complete lattices. We answer this question negatively by providing, for each n >= 1, a parity game Gn with these properties: it unravels to a mu-term built up with n fixed-point variables, it is semantically equivalent to no game with strictly less than n-2 fixed-point variables.
Accounting for (in)visibilities: resistance, gender and control

This paper explores the themes of resistance, gender and control as both visible and invisible constructs in accountancy. Through the use of oral history as method, the experiences of three ethnic women accountants are documented. The central concern of this paper is to provide empirical material relevant to the study of women in accountancy, and in particular to give visibility to the experience of minority ethnic women accountants using an oral history approach. We use the term ‘ethnic women’ to indicate women from minority ethnic communities in Britain. The three oral histories indicate the presence of various forms of resistance, gender and control which appear to operate through a variety of invisible and visible forms in the structured work and workplace of accountancy. This paper presents a number of snap shots in the lives of three ethnic women accountants who work in different accounting environments. These experiences unfold through the deliberate limited use of theoretical frameworks. Our intention here is to present these experiences as ‘raw’ and ‘uncut’ as we possibly can in order to allow the experiences to speak for themselves. Despite our presence as researchers and authors in this text being omnipresent, we hope that our intervention to structure and re-construct the narratives for the reader is kept to a minimum.
Binding and reversibility of Thermobifida fusca Cel5A, Cel6B, and Cel48A and their respective catalytic domains to bacterial microcrystalline cellulose

The binding and reversibility of Thermobifida fusca intact Cel5A, Cel5B, and Cel48A and their corresponding catalytic domains (CDs) to bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) were studied at 5°C. The binding of the intact cellulases and of corresponding CDs to BMCC was irreversible in all regions: Langmuir binding (region I), interstice penetration (region II), and interstice saturation (region III). The three cellulose binding domains (CBMs) bind reversibly in “region I” although their respective CDs do not. The irreversible binding of these enzymes in the Langmuir region does not satisfy the Langmuir assumption; however, the overall fit of the Interstice Saturation model, which includes binding in MBCC interstices as well as on the freely accessible surface (Jung et al., 2002a) is good. The main limitation of the model is that it does not explicitly address a mechanism for forming the enzyme‐substrate complex within the active site of the CDs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 84: 151–159, 2003.
A Complex Adaptive Systems Approach to Strategic Planning

A complex adaptive systems approach to strategic planning builds upon organizational learning methods while it emphasizes mindfulness, mission, and values based decisions, fostering relationships and systems of communication, and continuing to construct possibilities that contribute to an organization’s self-organizing and resiliency in its immediate and distant environment. A vision of a near or distant future and the strategic plan itself are not blueprints for a future state but ways to prepare an organization to be more mindful of the constant changes and possibilities happening in the present. This article describes the current state of traditional approaches to strategic planning, some emerging approaches, and the potential for further rethinking offered by Complex Adaptive Systems Theory.
Transition from Dexmedetomidine to Enteral Clonidine for ICU Sedation: An Observational Pilot Study

Enteral clonidine represents a potentially less costly alternative to dexmedetomidine for sedation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This study describes our practice of transitioning selected adult ICU patients from dexmedetomidine to clonidine with a focus on efficacy, safety, and drug acquisition costs.
Older adults’ experiences and issues with hearing aids in the first six months after hearing aid fitting

Abstract Objectives: This study describes older adults’ experiences with a new hearing aid (HA) during the first 6 months after fitting. Design: In a longitudinally designed study, experiences and issues with HA use were assessed at a six-month follow-up appointment in individual structured interviews lasting 30 min. Associations between HA experiences and demographic factors, degree of hearing loss, and an objective measure of HA use (datalogging) were also examined. Study sample: 181 HA recipients (≥60 years) attending a six-month follow-up appointment. Results: Participants reported an average of 1.4 issues (range 0–5, median = 1, mode = 1) with HA use, the most common pertaining to the earmold (26.5%), sound quality (26.0%) and handling (25.5%). Participants who reported at least one issue had fewer hours of use per day, but were not more likely to be non-users (<30 min/day). Non-users (15.5%) were more likely to report no need for a HA and handling issues. Conclusions: Most older adults use their HAs regardless of reported issues. However, handling issues and no perceived need may interfere with HA usage among some adults with hearing impairment. Moreover, reported issues were associated with less frequent HA use. Follow-up support is thus important to address issues that may interfere with optimal use.
FinFET scaling to 10 nm gate length

While the selection of new "backbone" device structure in the era of post-planar CMOS is open to a few candidates, FinFET and its variants show great potential in scalability and manufacturability for nanoscale CMOS. In this paper we report the design, fabrication, performance, and integration issues of double-gate FinFETs with the physical gate length being aggressively shrunk down to 10 nm and the fin width down to 12 nm. These MOSFETs are believed to be the smallest double-gate transistors ever fabricated. Excellent short-channel performance is observed in devices with a wide range of gate lengths (10/spl sim/105 nm). The observed short-channel behavior outperforms any reported single-gate silicon MOSFETs. Due to the [110] channel crystal orientation, hole mobility in the fabricated p-channel FinFET exceeds greatly that in a traditional planar MOSFET. At 105 nm gate length, the p-channel FinFET shows a record-high transconductance of 633 /spl mu/S//spl mu/m at a V/sub dd/ of 1.2 V. Working CMOS FinFET inverters are also demonstrated.
Socioeconomic status as a correlate of plasma inflammatory markers: An association that may be modulated by the interleukin 6 (-174) G /C promoter polymorphism

ABSTRACTGrowing evidence suggests that socioeconomic attributes of both individuals and communities of residence confer risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research demonstrating worse health behavior profiles with lower levels of SES, unexplained variance in the association between SES and cardiovascular disease persists. In this study, we examined the association between both individual and community SES and inflammatory mediators relevant to cardiovascular pathophysiology (i.e. interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) in a diverse sample of healthy community volunteers. We also examined whether a previously identified functional single nucleotide polymorphism on the IL-6 gene (-174 G-C) is associated with IL-6 and CRP in this sample, and whether it moderates any influence of SES on these inflammatory markers. Subjects were middle-aged men and women (m=424, f=427; Caucasian=76.7%, African-American=22.8%) from the Adult Health and Behavior Project. Individual SES was indexed by averaging educational attainment and family income, and community SES was a composite of five variables from the participants' US Census tract of residence. Regression analyses accounting for age, sex, and race showed individual SES to be associated with IL-6 (B=-.126, p < .001) and community SES to predict both IL-6 and CRP (B= -.163, p <.0001, B= -.129, p = .002, respectively). The inverse relationship between community SES and both inflammatory mediators persisted on multivariable adjustment for health behaviors and individual SES (IL-6: B=-.091, p = .028 and CRP: B = -.086, p = .027). The relationship between individual SES and IL-6 did not withstand health behavior adjustment. Genetic analyses on the Caucasian subsample showed GG homozygotes to have lower CRP than participants with any C allele (i.e. GC & CC; t622=2.00, p <.05), but genotype by SES interactions were not significant. In sum, our results show that regardless of individual income, educational attainment, or -174 G-C genotype, mid-life adults living in less advantaged neighborhoods have higher levels of circulating proinflammatory markers than residents of more affluent areas. This inflammation could mediate the association between lower community SES and atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Spectroscopic Studies of Exciton Electronic Structure and Charge Recombination in Solution Processed Semiconductors for Photovoltaics

iii List of Figures . viii Dedication . xi Acknowledgments. xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Section 1.1 Materials Systems Studied . 2 Section 1.2 Fundamentals of Excited States in Semiconductors . 4 Section 1.3 Charge Recombination in Semiconductors . 10 References . 12 Chapter 2: Electroabsorption Spectroscopy Measurements of the Exciton Binding Energy, Electron-Hole Reduced Effective Mass, and Band Gap in the Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 . 15 Section 2.1 Overview . 15 Section 2.2 Introduction . 15 Section 2.3 Low-field FKA response of CH3NH3PbI3 at room temperature . 17 Section 2.4. Field ionization of the Wannier exciton at low temperature . 22 Section 2.5. Conclusion . 23 Appendix A . 24 References . 25 Chapter 3: Hand JAggregate Characteristics and Exciton Polarizability in π-Conjugated Polymers . 31
POSIX Threads and the Linux Kernel

POSIX® threading (commonly called pthreads) has long been an issue on Linux. There are significant differences in the multithread archictecture pthreads expects and the architecture provided by Linux clone(). This paper describes the environment expected by pthreads, how it differs from what Linux provides, and explores ways to add pthread compatibility to the Linux kernel without interfering with Linux’s current multithread model.
Two Fast Algorithms for Sparse Matrices: Multiplication and Permuted Transposition

Let A and B be two sparse matrices whose orders are p by q and q by r. Their product C -A B requires N nontrlvial multiplications where 0 <_ N <_ pqr. The operation count of our algorithm is usually proportional to N; however, its worse case is O(p, r, NA, N) where N A is the number of elements in A This algorithm can be used to assemble the sparse matrix arising from a finite element problem from the basic elements, using ~-1 [order (g)]2 operations where m is the total number of basic elements and order(g) is the order of the ~th element matrix. The concept of an unordered merge plays a key role m obtaining our fast multiplication algorithm It forces us to accept an unordered sparse row-wise format as output for the product C The permuted transposition algorithm computes ( R A ) T i n O(p, q, NA) operations where R is a permutation matrix It also orders an unordered sparse row-wise representation. We can combine these algorithms to produce an O(M) algorithm to solve A x = b where M is the number of multiplications needed to factor A into L U
Robustness Analysis

Modelers often rely on robustness analysis, the search for predictions common to several independent models. Robustness analysis has been characterized and championed by Richard Levins and William Wimsatt, who see it as central to modern theoretical practice. The practice has also been severely criticized by Steven Orzack and Elliott Sober, who claim that it is a nonempirical form of confirmation, effective only under unusual circumstances. This paper addresses Orzack and Sober’s criticisms by giving a new account of robustness analysis and showing how the practice can identify robust theorems. Once the structure of robust theorems is clearly articulated, it can be shown that such theorems have a degree of confirmation, despite the lack of direct empirical evidence for their truth.
Using superpixels in monocular SLAM

Monocular SLAM and Structure from Motion have been traditionally based on finding point correspondences in highly-textured image areas. Large textureless regions, usually found in indoor and urban environments, are difficult to reconstruct by these systems. In this paper we augment for the first time the traditional point-based monocular SLAM maps with superpixels. Superpixels are middle-level features consisting of image regions of homogeneous texture. We propose a novel scheme for superpixel matching, 3D initialization and optimization that overcomes the difficulties of salient point-based approaches in these areas of homogeneous texture. Our experimental results show the validity of our approach. First, we compare our proposal with a state-of-the-art multiview stereo system; being able to reconstruct the textureless regions that the latest cannot. Secondly, we present experimental results of our algorithm integrated with the point-based PTAM [1]; estimating, now in real-time, the superpixel textureless areas. Finally, we show the accuracy of the presented algorithm with a quantitative analysis of the estimation error.
Estimates of the temperature flux–temperature gradient relation above a sea floor

The relation between the flux of temperature (or buoyancy), the vertical temperature gradient and the height above the bottom is investigated in an oceanographic context, using high-resolution temperature measurements. The model for the evolution of a stratified layer by Balmforth et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 355, 1998, pp. 329–358) is reviewed and adapted to the case of a turbulent flow above a wall. Model predictions are compared with the average observational estimates of the flux, exploiting a flux estimation method proposed by Winters & D’Asaro (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 317, 1996, pp. 179–193). This estimation method enables the disentanglement of the dependence of the average flux on the height above the bottom and on the background temperature gradient. The classical N-shaped flux–gradient relation is found in the observations. The model and the observations show similar qualitative behaviour, despite the strong simplifications used in the model. The results shed light on the modulation of the temperature flux by the presence of the boundary, and support the idea of a turbulent flux following a mixing-length argument in a stratified flow. Furthermore, the results support the use of Thorpe scales close to a boundary, if sufficient averaging is performed, suggesting that the Thorpe scales are affected by the boundary in a similar way to the mixing length.
A Secure Routing Protocol against Heterogeneous Attacks in Wireless Adhoc Networks

This paper presents designing an efficient security solution that can protect wireless adhoc networks from heterogeneous attacks. Over the last few years, researchers had addressed various attacks and its countermeasures against numerous adhoc routing protocols in an isolated fashion. In this paper, initially, we modelled heterogeneous attack to investigate the weaknesses of the existing AODV routing protocols of wireless ad hoc network that exploits the vulnerabilities of adhoc environments, which will harm the system and results in a vulnerability assessment. Thus, deployment of security in these routing protocols of wireless adhoc networks against heterogeneous attack is still in their infancy and unsolved. To address the security issue against these attacks, we proposed inspired biotic hybrid cryptographic (IBHC) mechanism to defend the heterogeneous attacks. IBHC is one of the prospective methodology for sophisticated wireless adhoc network that provides efficient storage, transmission and secure against heterogeneous attack.
Robot skin based on touch-area-sensitive tactile element

In this paper, we propose a new tactile sensor skin ("skin by touch area receptor" or STAR). The skin consists of two components. One is a sensor element which detects a contact area in addition to a contact force. The element is inspired by the fact that humans can discriminate sharpness of objects sensitively on any part of their bodies in spite of their several-centimeter two point discrimination thresholds. We have developed the sensor element that has such characteristics in a very simple structure; two layers of compressible insulators (urethane foam) which are sandwiched between three pieces of stretchable conductive sheets (conductive fabric). The other component is a sensor/communication chip. The chips are arranged at the boundaries of the elements, and the chips measure the capacitances between the conductive layers and send signals through the same conductive layers. The chips enable us to connect the elements to compose a soft robot skin including no long wires
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of extracted gelatin from shaari (Lithrinus microdon) skin: effects of extraction conditions.

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis was used to characterize secondary structure of gelatins extracted from shaari skin and compared with bovine and porcine gelatin obtained from commercial source. The concentration and temperature of extracted solutions were varied from 0.01 to 1.0 N and 4 to 80 o C, respectively. The intensity ratio of amide III and I as a measure of denaturation process showed that all samples had almost the same protein structure at 0.1 and 1.0 N concentration for all extraction temperatures. At low acid concentration (0.01 N) and low temperature (4 o C) significant amount of triple helix remained intact (i.e. less denaturation). As the temperature increased from 20 o C, the random coil structure increased as the protein became denatured and protein losses its triple structure. The cluster analysis showed that secondary structure of gelatin extracted using mild treatment (concentration: 0.01 N and temperature: 4 o C) behaved completely different from other extracted gelatin.
PRINCIPLE-BASED CORRECTIONAL COUNSELING: TEACHING HEALTH VERSUS TREATING ILLNESS

Principle-based correctional counseling (PBCC) is based on the assumption that all offenders have innate mental health. Thus, the primary goal of PBCC is to teach offenders how to rekindle and experience their natural capacity for psychological well-being. PBCC accomplishes this by teaching offenders: (a) how the principles of Mind, Thought, and Consciousness create their experience from the inside-out, and (b) how to use their thinking agency in accord with its natural design. According to PBCC, as offenders understand these principles and realize how to use thought in their best interest, their overall psychological functioning improves. This paper describes the principles and assumptions behind PBCC and compares this paradigm to other contemporary correctional counseling models on several key dimensions. Finally, it summarizes research fi ndings supporting the effectiveness of PBCC-based interventions with adolescent and adult offenders. Since the late 1970s, a completely different paradigm for understanding and addressing delinquency and criminality has been quietly spreading through the helping professions. Commonly known as Mind, Thought, Consciousness/Innate Health, this model emerged from the insights of Sidney Banks (1983; 1989; 1998; 2001), who realized that a deeper understanding of deviant behavior could be achieved by looking beyond the realm of form in which psychology had typically restricted its domain of inquiry. Banks asserted that there were principles operating to create form, and offered the timehonored concepts of Mind, Thought, and Consciousness to describe these processes. The initial research on these principles was carried out at the University of Oregon by psychologists, Roger Mills and George Pransky, through a fi ve-year (1974-1979) NIMH-sponsored
COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF A RECONFIGURABLE MULTIPORT CIRCULAR PATCH ANTENNA FOR MIMO COMMUNICATIONS

This paper uses near field and far-field computational electromagnetic analysis to demonstrate a novel reconfigurable multi-port circular patch antenna that uses pattern diversity to improve the performance of a MIMO system. Different modes of the circular patch antenna can be excited by varying its radius. A 2x2 MIMO system employing such reconfigurable antennas was analyzed using computational electromagnetic ray tracing software for an outdoor environment. The results show an improvement in the achievable throughput while reducing the size of the antenna array.
Crystal structure of {(E)-4-[(1-allyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]benzylidene}[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]amine

In the title compound, C19H25N5O2, the morpholine ring has a chair conformation. The plane of the central benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 88.75 (12) and 60.02 (7)°, respectively, with the mean plane formed by the four planar C atoms of the morpholine ring and with the plane of the triazole ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H⋯π interactions, forming slabs lying parallel to (10-1). The C atoms of the bridging ethylene group, between the morpholine and benzene rings, and the terminal ethene group of the prop-1-ene substituent attached to the triazole ring, are disordered over two sets of sites, with an occupancy ratio of 0.634 (13):0.366 (13).
PREDICTIVE MODELS OF THE SPRING-BACK IN THE BENDING PROCESS

Spring-back is one of the most sensitive features of sheet metal forming processes because the elastic recovery during unloading leads to some geometric changes in the product. Three parameters that are most influential on spring-back in the V-die bending process are sheet thickness, sheet orientation, and punch tip radius. In this research, radial basis function (RBF) neural network and back propagation (BP) neural network approaches are used to predict the spring-back using the data generated from experimental observations. The performances of the models in training and testing sets are compared with those observations. Furthermore, output obtained through regression analysis is used to compare with the two developed model outputs. The results indicate that both networks can be applied successfully for prediction of spring-back against the input parameters of the V-die bending process. Also, the BP model shows better performance for prediction of spring-back with respect to the RBF model.