Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Velocity field control and adaptive virtual plant disturbance compensation for planar contour following tasks

In contour following applications, contour error reduction is a subject of much concern. In order to attenuate the influence of modelling uncertainty and external disturbance so that satisfactory contouring accuracy can be achieved, this article develops an integrated motion control scheme that consists of a pre-defined velocity field, a velocity field controller and the proposed Adaptive Virtual Plant Disturbance Compensation (AVPDC) scheme. First, a velocity field is constructed for a free-form curve and its associated controller is also developed. Moreover, to improve the contouring accuracy, this article proposes an AVPDC to compensate for the uncertainties because of the inaccurate modelling and external disturbances. The main advantage of the proposed AVPDC is that the compensator gains can be adaptively adjusted according to the current state error. Subsequently, in order to investigate the stability of the proposed AVPDC, a Lyapunov-based analysis is performed. Finally, a free-form contour following experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the proposed approach exhibits satisfactory performance.
Representation of a Function by Its Line Integrals, with Some Radiological Applications

A method is given of finding a real function in a finite region of a plane given its line integrals along all straight lines intersecting the region. The solution found is applicable to three problems of interest for precise radiology and radiotherapy: (1) the determination of a variable x‐ray absorption coefficient in two dimensions; (2) the determination of the distribution of positron annihilations when there is an inhomogeneous distribution of the positron emitter in matter; and (3) the determination of a variable density of matter with constant chemical composition, using the energy loss of charged particles in the matter.
Picosecond optical spectroscopy of a single negatively charged self-assembled InAs quantum dot

We demonstrate an experimental technique for the transient read-out of the optical transitions in a single negatively charged self-assembled InAs quantum dot (QD) using resonant picosecond optical pulses and control of the QD charge state. Observable phenomena include trion (negatively charged exciton) decay, Rabi oscillations between the electron and trion states and the precession of electron and heavy-hole spins about an externally applied dc magnetic field.
3D scene reconstruction by integration of photometric and geometric methods

In this thesis, we have developed a framework for image-based 3D reconstruction of sparse point clouds and dense depth maps. The framework is based on self-consistent integration of geometric and photometric constraints on the surface shape, such as triangulation, defocus and reflectance. The reconstruction of point clouds starts by tracking object features over a range of distances from the camera with a small depth of field, leading to a varying degree of defocus for each feature. Information on absolute depth is obtained based on a Depth from Defocus approach. The parameters of the point spread functions estimated by Depth from Defocus are used as a regularisation term for Structure from Motion. The reprojection error obtained from bundle adjustment and the absolute depth error obtained from Depth from Defocus are simultaneously minimised for all tracked object features. The proposed method yields absolutely scaled 3D coordinates of the scene points without any prior knowledge about either scene structure or the camera motion. Another part of the framework is the estimation of dense depth maps based on intensity and polarisation reflectance and absolute depth data from arbitrary sources, eg. the Structure from Motion and Defocus method. The proposed technique performs the analysis on any combination of single or multiple intensity and polarisation images. To compute the surface gradients, we present a global optimisation method based on a variational framework and a local optimisation method based on solving a set of nonlinear equations individually for each image pixel. These approaches are suitable for strongly non-Lambertian surfaces and those of diffuse reflectance behaviour and can also be adapted to surfaces of non-uniform albedo. We describe how independently measured absolute depth data is integrated into the Shape from Photopolarimetric Reflectance (SfPR) framework in order to increase the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction result. We evaluate the proposed framework on both synthetic and real-world data. The Structure from Motion and Defocus algorithm yields relative errors of absolute scale of usually less than 3 percent. In our real-world experiments with SfPR, we regard the scenarios of 3D reconstruction of raw forged iron surfaces in the domain of industrial quality inspection and the generation of a digital elevation model of a section of the lunar surface. The obtained depth accuracy is better than the lateral pixel resolution.
Nanometric Surface Metrology at the National Physical Laboratory

A theoretical framework for mapping the performance of measuring instruments has been developed that is used to interpret the results of measurements at the nanometric level, where it is particularly important to understand the geometrical and physical interactions between the measuring instrument and the object being measured. Nanometric topographic measuring instruments that have been developed at the NPL span measuring ranges of 0,01 nm to 3 nm in surface amplitude and 0,3 nm to 100 nm in surface wavelength.
Rotationally excited interstellar CH - detection of satellite lines and analysis of abundance and excitation

The two satellite lines of the lowest rotationally excited state (F1, N = 1, J = 3/2) have been detected at 42 cm wavelength toward W51M. The four hyperfine lines of this state exhibit intensity ratios in absorption which are consistent with a large optical depth. However, it is shown that the effects of trapping of the interlocking and overlapping far-IR hyperfine lines at 560 microns which connect the ground and first excited rotational states can also explain the observed hyperfine intensity ratios at 42 cm. Collisions dominate the excitation of the first excited rotation state. A column density of 6(15)/sq cm is derived for the CH toward W51, more than 10 times higher than previous estimates, yielding a fractional abundance of about 2(-8) over a region of mean density about 2(4)/cu cm. Shock chemistry is implied for CH in such regions, of which several are now known. 36 references.
Corrigendum: Influence of humidity conditions on the capacitive and resistive response of an Al/VOPc/Pt co-planar humidity sensor

The name of the fourth author B H Majlis should be read as B Y Majlis. An affiliation is missing from the first author, which should be: 4 Department of Electronics, Jinnah College for Women, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan The name of the material vanadyl phthalocyanine and its abbreviation VOPc should be read throughout the text as: vanadyl 2,9,16,23-tetraphenoxy-29H,31H-phthalo-cyanine (VOPcPhO). The name of the fourth author B H Majlis should be read as B Y Majlis. An affiliation is missing from the first author, which should be: 4 Department of Electronics, Jinnah College for Women, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan The name of the material vanadyl phthalocyanine and its abbreviation VOPc should be read throughout the text as: vanadyl 2,9,16,23-tetraphenoxy-29H,31H-phthalo-cyanine (VOPcPhO).
Microstrip Cross-Coupled Tri-Section Stepped-Impedance Bandpass Filter with Wide Stop-Band Performance

A compact microstrip bandpass filter with wide stop-band is presented in this paper. The wide stop-band is achieved by introducing tri-section stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). It offers further reduced overall size than conventional two-section SIR. The measured results exhibit the good filtering performance. Two transmission zeros ensure a high out-of-band rejection. With the new structure, the filter has not only wide stop-band performance with harmonic frequency outside 4. 12ƒ 0 but also compact size.
Testing Residuals from Least Squares Regression for Being Generated by the Gaussian Random Walk

This paper considers the null hypothesis that the errors on a regression equation form a random walk. By using the standard Durbin-Watson assumptions, we derive three test statistics that are uniformly most powerful against the alternative hypothesis that the errors are being generated by the stationary first order Markoff process. Unfortunately, the tabulated lower and upper bounds are too wide apart and so we compare the powers of the three tests using simulated as well as economic data. It is then recommended that the Imhof routine should be attached to standard regression programs to calculate the exact limit of the Berenblut-Webb statistic.
Linear Complementarity Problems and Bi-Linear Games

In this paper, we define bi-linear games as a generalization of the bimatrix games. In particular, we generalize concepts like the value and equilibrium of a bimatrix game to the general linear transformations defined on a finite dimensional space. For a special type of Z-transformation we observe relationship between the values of the linear and bi-linear games. Using this relationship, we prove some known classical results in the theory of linear complementarity problems for this type of Z-transformations.
Framing the nano-biointeractions by proteomics

Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between nanomaterials and living systems is fundamental for providing more effective products for nanomedicine and drug delivery. Controlling the response of cells/bacteria (such as activation of inflammatory processes or apoptosis/necrosis in tumor cells or pathogenic bacteria) by tuning specific properties of the nanomaterials is ultimately the challenging goal. Notably, this may also provide crucial information in the assessment of any toxic risks induced by nanoparticles on humans. However, in studying the nano-biointeractions, it is imperative to take into account the dynamic evolutions of nanoparticles in the biological environments (in terms of protein corona formation, size and charge changes) in synergy with the dynamic events occurring in cells, including signal transduction, metabolic processes, homeostasis and membrane trafficking. In this context, we discuss the impact of analytical technologies, especially in the field of proteomics, which can provide major insights into the processes affecting the NPs surface as well as the cells and bacteria functionalities. In particular, we show that a precise control of the chemical-physical characteristics of the interacting nanoparticles or nanostructures may impact the cells by inducing changes in the proteomic profiles with direct consequences on their viability.
ANALYSIS OF COUNT DATA USING POWER VARIANCE FUNCTION

This paper considers two estimation methods for count data with a power variance function. One is the maximum likelihood method based on a negative binomial model with a power variance function which is not the standard application of a negative-binomial model. Another is the quasilikelihood/pseudolikelihood (QL/PL)estimating equation method. The QL/PL method is a robust method and is applicable to a more general exponential dispersion model with a power variance function. The asymptotic efficiency of the QLルPL estimates were calculated relative to the maximum likelihood estimates, and demonstrated that the mean parameter estimate is approximately fully efficient. If the power parameter of the variance is close to one, then the efficiency of the power parameter of the variance is close to one. It was also found that, in a negative-binomial model with power variance function, mean parameter estimates and variance parameter estimates are approximately asymptotically independnet. An example of data analysis using power variance function is given.
Sector interpolation of non-uniform arrays for efficient high resolution bearing estimation

Bearing estimation is a fundamental array processing task for which attractive algorithms exist when the array is linear and uniformly-sampled. Since circumstances often require the use of an irregular two-dimensional array, the problem of interpolating a synthetic linear, uniformly sampled array from the real array is considered. Accurate interpolation is achieved by interpolating several synthetic arrays, each of which represents the real array over a limited sector of bearing angles. The utility of the method is demonstrated through a design example and simulation using a circular array and an eigenvector-based bearing estimator for linear, uniformly-sampled arrays. <<ETX>>
Time-dependent close-coupling calculations of double ionization of helium by protons and antiprotons

We analyse the role of dynamic electron correlation in double ionization of helium by the impact of high-energy protons and antiprotons using a time-dependent close-coupling (CC) method. We show that, in any practical implementation of the CC method making use of tractable discrete basis sets to describe the multiple degenerate continuum, a basic limitation is that part of the dynamic correlation is inaccessible. Our results also show that dynamic correlation plays a non-negligible role in double ionization of helium below 400 keV, particularly for proton impact. Still, the results fail to reproduce the observed proton/antiproton difference.
Indications of a Lunar Synodical Period in United States Observations of Sunshine

Abstract An analysis of daily observations of sunshine taken in the central and northeastern United States during the spring and summer indicates the presence of a lunar synodical period. Less than average sunshine is observed during the first and third weeks of the lunar month and more than average sunshine is observed during the second and fourth weeks. Although this lunar period is significant by most statistical tests, the possibility that its appearance is due to a combination of the smoothing procedure and the temporal and spatial correlation among the observations cannot be completely ignored.
Fabrication of large-area ultra-thin single crystal silicon membranes

Perfectly, crystalline, 55 nm thick silicon membranes have been fabricated over several square millimeters and used to observe transmission ion channeling patterns showing the early evolution of the axially channeled beam angular distribution for small tilts away from the [011] axis. The reduced multiple scattering through such thin layers allows fine angular structure produced by the highly non-equilibrium transverse momentum distribution of the channeled beam during its initial propagation in the crystal to be resolved. The membrane crystallinity and flatness were measured by using proton channeling measurements and the surface roughness of 0.4 nm using atomic force microscopy.
Experimental Study of Underexpanded Supersonic Jet Impingement on an Inclined Flat Plate

Flowfields of the M2.2 jet impinging on an inclined flat plate at various plate angles, nozzle-plate distances, and pressure ratios are experimentally investigated using pressure-sensitive paints and Schlieren flow visualization. The effect of temperature variation on the flat plate is eliminated by the calibration using temperature-sensitive paints. A comparison with the former experiment shows that the current pressure-sensitive paint measurement produces reliable data sufficient for the flowfield discussion under consideration. The pressure-sensitive paints and Schlieren images obtained in the experiment suggest that the flowfields at various flat plate angles, nozzle-plate distances, and pressure ratios can all be classified into three types of flow structure. Within the range of geometrical and flow conditions considered in the present paper, the flowfield patterns can be predicted without experiments if the shock cell length in the freejet for various pressure ratios is known in advance. Extensive studies for a wide range of geometrical and physical parameters became feasible with a new efficient pressure/temperature-sensitive paint measurement technique showing surface pressure map with much less effort compared to conventional pressure tap measurement.
Dynamics and control of underactuated mechanical systems: analysis and simple experimental verification

Underactuated mechanical systems are systems with fewer control inputs than the degrees of freedom, m < n, the relevant technical examples being e.g. cranes, aircrafts and flexible manipulators. The determination of an input control strategy that forces an underactuated system to complete a set of m specified motion tasks (servo‐constraints) is a demanding problem. The solution is conditioned to differential flatness of the problem, denoted that all 2n state variables and m control inputs can algebraically be expressed, at least theoretically, in terms of the desired m outputs and their time derivatives up to a certain order. A more practical formulation, motivated hereafter, is to pose the problem as a set of differential‐algebraic equations, and then obtain the solution numerically. The theoretical considerations are illustrated by a simple two‐degree‐of‐freedom underactuated system composed of two rotating discs connected by a flexible rod (torsional spring), in which the pre‐specified motion of the first disc is actuated by the torque applied to the second disc, n = 2 and m = 1. The determined control strategy is then verified experimentally on a laboratory stand representing the two‐disc system. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters

The transmission of a mode guided by the core of an optical fiber through an ultraviolet-induced fiber grating when substantial coupling to cladding modes occurs is analyzed both experimentally and theoretically. A straightforward theory is presented that is based on the calculation of the modes of a three-layer step-index fiber geometry and on multimode coupled-mode theory that accurately models the measured transmission in gratings that support both counterpropagating (short-period) and co-propagating (long-period) interactions. These cladding-mode resonance filters promise unique applications for spectral filtering and sensing.
A model for generalized edit and imputation of survey data

The concept of generalized systems for survey processing has gained importance in recent years because of resource constraints. Statistics Canada has adopted a policy to develop generalized systems to the extent that is feasible and cost-efficient. A generalized edit and imputation (E&I) system is of prime importance. An E&I system is proposed that describes the overall edit and imputation function as comprising five component functions: edit specification, edit analysis, edit application, error localization, and imputation. Implementation of the E&I model, especially for numerical data, is discussed. The focus is on methodology rather than systems. L'idee de systemes generalises pour le traitement d'enquetes a pris de l'importance au cours des dernieres annees a cause de la limitation des ressources. Statistique Canada a adopte une politique de developpement de systemes generalises qui est faisable sans etre excessivement couteuse. Un systeme generalise de controle et d'imputation est primordial. Nous en proposons un qui englobe cinq composantes dans sa fonction de controle et d'imputation; elles sont respectivement la specification, l'analyse et l'application, pour ce qui est du controle, la localisation des erreurs et l'imputation elle-meme. Nous etudions l'utilisation de ce modele de controle et d'imputation, particulierement pour le traitement de donnees numeriques. L'accent est plutot mis sur l'aspect methodologique qu'informatique.
Mesoscale Precipitation Fields. Part II: Hydrometeorologic Modeling

A hydrometeorologic forecast system (HFS) has been developed that takes advantage of new high-resolution rainfall datasets from the WSR-88D radar system, the Oklahoma Mesonet, and Oklahoma Local Analysis and Prediction System (OLAPS). New schemes to analyze precipitation and to adjust radar rainfall rates have been proposed to improve the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) for hydrologic purposes. Adjusted WSR-88D rainfall rates were advected by the 700-mb wind field from OLAPS to produce an extrapolation QPF. Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the rainfall adjustment and wind field upon the extrapolation QPF. In addition, mesoscale model‐produced QPFs were generated using The Pennsylvania State University‐ National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model. Control and rainfall assimilation experiments were performed using both Kuo and Kain‐Fritsch cumulus parameterization schemes for three rainfall events from April 1994. All model runs were integrated forward 12 h and then verified against the analyzed precipitation field. Both the extrapolation and model-produced QPFs were used to produce hydrologic forecasts for the Dry Creek watershed in north-central Oklahoma. Results indicate that extrapolation QPFs degrade exponentially with time and become inferior to the QPF from a mesoscale model after 2 h. When the extrapolated rainfall estimates were input into a hydrologic model, an underestimate of the peak flow occurred since the time evolution of precipitating systems is not handled by extrapolation. Due to the lag time between the peak in precipitation and the peak in streamflow, the greatest impact upon the accuracy of hydrologic forecasts resulted from improvements in the analyzed precipitation field. On the other hand, mesoscale forecast simulations revealed that the assimilation of analyzed rainfall had a limited impact upon the evolution of model-produced precipitation forecasts out to 4 h. However, model-produced QPFs improved after 8 h into the integration. While the Kuo scheme produced less dispersion error, the Kain‐ Fritsch scheme created less amplitude error. The assimilation of analyzed rainfall through the convergence factor of the Kuo scheme had a greater impact upon the performance of the mesoscale model than did the Kain‐Fritsch rainfall assimilation through the adjustment of its precipitation efficiency factor. Therefore, a new generation HFS has been developed to take advantage of new technology and new scientific methods in an attempt to mitigate the age-old issue of devastating floods that occur without warning. Each component has been tested and evaluated. The results of testing and evaluating each component of the proposed HFS are presented in this paper.
On the evolution of convective accretion disk models of the primordial solar nebula

The evolution of the primordial solar nebula under the action of convectively driven turbulent viscous stress is studied numerically under various physical conditions. The mass of the nebula is assumed to be small compared with that of the central Sun, and the nebula is assumed to be in pressure equilibrium in the vertical direction. It is found that the central regions of the nebula always evolve into a quasi-stationary state such that the mass influx is independent of radius. The form of the complete solution is found to be self-similar and practically independent of initial conditions. Also, the evolution is examined taking into account the change in opacity at the ice-grain evaporation point and the effect of vertical infall of material.