Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) Method for Turbulence Simulations: Near-Wall Modeling and Smooth-Surface Separation Computations

The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the PANS model capabilities in providing significant improvement over RANS predictions at slightly higher computational expense and producing LES quality results at significantly lower computational cost. The objectives of this study are: (i) investigate the model fidelity at a fixed level of scale resolution (Generation1-PANS/G1-PANS) for smooth surface separation, (ii) Derive the PANS closure model in regions of resolution variation (Generation2-PANS/G2-PANS), and (iii) Validate G2-PANS model for attached and separated flows. The separated flows considered in this study have been designated as critical benchmark flows by NASA CFD study group. The key contributions of this dissertation are summarized as follows. The turbulence closure model of varying resolution, G2-PANS, is developed by deriving mathematically-consistent commutation residues and using energy conservation principles. The log-layer recovery and accurate computation of Reynolds stress anisotropy is accomplished by transitioning from steady RANS to scaled resolved simulations using the G2-PANS model. Finally, several smooth-separation flows on the NASA turbulence website have been computed with high degree of accuracy at a significantly reduced computational effort over LES using the G1-PANS and G2-PANS models.
High-redshift Extremely Red Quasars in X-Rays

Quasars may have played a key role in limiting the stellar mass of massive galaxies. Identifying those quasars in the process of removing star formation fuel from their hosts is an exciting ongoing challenge in extragalactic astronomy. In this paper, we present X-ray observations of 11 extremely red quasars (ERQs) with Lbol ∼ 1047 erg s−1 at z = 1.5–3.2 with evidence for high-velocity (v 1000 km s−1) [O iii] λ5007 outflows. X-rays allow us to directly probe circumnuclear obscuration and to measure the instantaneous accretion luminosity. We detect 10 out of 11 ERQs available in targeted and archival data. Using a combination of X-ray spectral fitting and hardness ratios, we find that all of the ERQs show signs of absorption in the X-rays with inferred column densities of NH ≈ 1023 cm−2, including four Compton-thick candidates (NH 1024 cm−2). We stack the X-ray emission of the seven weakly detected sources, measuring an average column density of NH ∼ 8 × 1023 cm−2. The absorption-corrected (intrinsic) 2–10 keV X-ray luminosity of the stack is 2.7 × 1045 erg s−1, consistent with X-ray luminosities of type 1 quasars of the same infrared luminosity. Thus, we find that ERQs are a highly obscured, borderline Compton-thick population, and based on optical and infrared data we suggest that these objects are partially hidden by their own equatorial outflows. However, unlike some quasars with known outflows, ERQs do not appear to be intrinsically underluminous in X-rays for their bolometric luminosity. Our observations indicate that low X-rays are not necessary to enable some types of radiatively driven winds.
Predicting Firefighters’ Physical Ability Test Scores from Anaerobic Fitness Parameters & Mental Toughness Levels

Physical ability test (PAT) evaluates firefighters’ (FF) occupational capacity. The contribution of anaerobic systems during PAT and mental toughness (MT) relationship to PAT is unexplored. PAT modeling based on anaerobic fitness (AF), MT, and respective relationships were examined. Fourteen male FFs (Age: 29.0 ± 7.0 years) completed a PAT composed of occupationally-specific tasks in full gear. On a separate day, a series of AF assessments were performed (handgrip-dynamometry: HG; vertical-jump: VJ; Margaria-Kalamen: MK; 300-yard shuttle run: 300YD). MT was evaluated using military training MT inventory (MTMTI) and sports MT questionnaire (SMTQ). We tested the PAT model using multiple backward regression and related correlations coefficients at p < 0.05. A 78% proportion of PAT was explained by AF parameters (F2,13 = 20.2, <0.05). PAT was significantly correlated with HG (r = −0.71, p < 0.01), VJ (r = −0.73, p < 0.01), MK (r = −0.75, p < 0.01), and with 300YD (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). MT did not demonstrate significant correlation with PAT (p > 0.01). Anaerobic system significantly contributes to PAT performance. FFs should optimize AF training, which would allow for enhanced occupational performance in PAT. Further investigation into psychological determinants of FFs is recommended.
Central charges of wrapped M5-brane backgrounds

We study the central charges of the supersymmetry algebra of branes in backgrounds corresponding to wrapped M5-branes. In the case of M5-branes wrapping a holomorphic 2-cycle in 2, we find this allows for a supersymmetric M5-brane probe which is related to the M2-brane probe which describes the BPS spectra of the corresponding = 2 worldvolume gauge theory. For the case of M5-branes wrapping a holomorphic 2-cycle in 3, we find that the central charges allow for a supersymmetric M5-brane probe wrapping a Cayley calibrated 4-cycle, which has an intersecting BPS domain wall interpretation in the corresponding = 1 MQCD gauge theory. The domain wall is constructed explicitly as an M5-brane wrapping an associative 3-cycle. The tension is found to be the integral of a calibrating form. These wrapped M5-brane backgrounds provide a clear and interesting geometrical realisation of structure groups of M-theory vacua with fluxes.
Molecular Characterization of an Isoflavone 2′-Hydroxylase Gene Revealed Positive Insights into Flavonoid Accumulation and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Safflower

Flavonoids with significant therapeutic properties play an essential role in plant growth, development, and adaptation to various environments. The biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids has long been studied in plants; however, its regulatory mechanism in safflower largely remains unclear. Here, we carried out comprehensive genome-wide identification and functional characterization of a putative cytochrome P45081E8 gene encoding an isoflavone 2′-hydroxylase from safflower. A total of 15 CtCYP81E genes were identified from the safflower genome. Phylogenetic classification and conserved topology of CtCYP81E gene structures, protein motifs, and cis-elements elucidated crucial insights into plant growth, development, and stress responses. The diverse expression pattern of CtCYP81E genes in four different flowering stages suggested important clues into the regulation of secondary metabolites. Similarly, the variable expression of CtCYP81E8 during multiple flowering stages further highlighted a strong relationship with metabolite accumulation. Furthermore, the orchestrated link between transcriptional regulation of CtCYP81E8 and flavonoid accumulation was further validated in the yellow- and red-type safflower. The spatiotemporal expression of CtCYP81E8 under methyl jasmonate, polyethylene glycol, light, and dark conditions further highlighted its likely significance in abiotic stress adaption. Moreover, the over-expressed transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed enhanced transcript abundance in OE-13 line with approximately eight-fold increased expression. The upregulation of AtCHS, AtF3′H, and AtDFR genes and the detection of several types of flavonoids in the OE-13 transgenic line also provides crucial insights into the potential role of CtCYP81E8 during flavonoid accumulation. Together, our findings shed light on the fundamental role of CtCYP81E8 encoding a putative isoflavone 2′-hydroxylase via constitutive expression during flavonoid biosynthesis.
The Influence of 14N(e–, ν)14C(α, γ)18O Reaction on He Ignition in Degenerate Physical Conditions

The importance of the 14N(e-, γ)14C(α, γ)18O (NCO) chain to the onset of the He flash in degenerate physical conditions has been reevaluated. We find that low-mass, metal-rich (Z ≥ 0.001) structures climbing the red giant branch never attain the physical conditions suitable for the onset of this chain, while at lower metallicities the energy contribution by the NCO reaction is too low to affect the onset of the central He flash. At the same time, our evolutionary models suggest that for a carbon-oxygen white dwarf of mass MWD = 0.6 M☉ accreting He-rich matter at rates suitable for a dynamical He flash, directly or as a by-product of an overlying H-burning shell, the NCO energy contribution is not able to keep the He shell hot enough to avoid the occurrence of a strong electron degeneracy and the ensuing final explosion.
Increasing Energy Conservation Behavior of Individuals towards Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Communities

The energy crisis is the foremost concern for the developing world, predominantly in European countries. The global energy demand will increase significantly by 2050, while natural resources dramatically decrease every day. However, net-zero emissions targets, climate emergency calls (1.5 °C global warming limit), smart environmental transformations, and energy transition efforts bring hope for fundamental changes in climate action globally. One of the best and most cost-effective strategies to achieve reduced energy consumption is encouraging energy conservation actions, which should begin at the household level and further spread to the community level. Therefore, this study aims to point out the critical role and growing importance of the ‘human’ dimension of smart cities via a behavior-based approach. The main purpose of the study is to measure the effect of feedback and intervention mechanisms on the energy conservation behavior of 100 volunteers who live in Kadikoy, Istanbul, over eight months through a behavioral questionnaire. The findings indicate that the feedback and intervention mechanisms affect volunteers’ energy conservation behaviors in the following behavioral groups: intention (t(99) = −2.75, p = 0.00), attitude (behavioral beliefs and outcome evaluations) (t(99) = 2.29, p = 0.02), subjective norms (t(99) = −4.07, p = 0.00), and perceived behavioral control (control beliefs and influence behavior) (t(99) = 3.60, p = 0.00). Moreover, among the four variable groups, participants’ intention, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control scores are relatively high in favor of actual energy conservation behavior. Hence, the findings of the study will provide valuable insights for the local government in terms of empowering citizen participation and data-driven feedback loops, from the bottom-up energy transition perspective, via smart technologies in smart cities.
Subunit C of V-ATPase-VmaC Is Required for Hyphal Growth and Conidiation in A. fumigatus by Affecting Vacuolar Calcium Homeostasis and Cell Wall Integration

Aspergillus fumigatus is a widespread airborne fungal pathogen in humans. However, the functional genes in A. fumigatus that may contribute to its pathogenesis have not yet been fully identified. Vacuolar H+-ATPase is universal in eukaryotic organisms but exhibits specific roles in various species. Here, we identified VmaC as a putative subunit of vacuolar H+-ATPase in A. fumigatus that is widely conserved through evolution. The C-terminal hydrophobic domain of VmaC plays a critical role in its vacuolar localization and growth and conidiation. Deletion or turn-off of VmaC encoding gene-AfvmaC expression is not lethal but leads to a very sick and tiny colony phenotype, which is different from that of yeast with conditional ScvmaC defects. Furthermore, we found that AfvmaC not only participates in maintaining calcium homeostasis and vacuolar acidity but is also involved in cell wall integration pathway regulation, highlighting the importance of the vacuole as a storage organelle associated with many aspects of cellular homeostasis. This study indicates that fungal VmaC is relatively conserved. When compared to that in model yeasts, VmaC in A. fumigatus is required for hyphal growth and conidiation, suggesting that specific motifs in VmaC might be functioned in Aspergilli.
Augmented mixed finite element methods for a vorticity‐based velocity–pressure–stress formulation of the Stokes problem in 2D

In this paper, we consider an augmented velocity–pressure–stress formulation of the 2D Stokes problem, in which the stress is defined in terms of the vorticity and the pressure, and then we introduce and analyze stable mixed finite element methods to solve the associated Galerkin scheme. In this way, we further extend similar procedures applied recently to linear elasticity and to other mixed formulations for incompressible fluid flows. Indeed, our approach is based on the introduction of the Galerkin least‐squares‐type terms arising from the corresponding constitutive and equilibrium equations, and from the Dirichlet boundary condition for the velocity, all of them multiplied by stabilization parameters. Then, we show that these parameters can be suitably chosen so that the resulting operator equation induces a strongly coercive bilinear form, whence the associated Galerkin scheme becomes well posed for any choice of finite element subspaces. In particular, we can use continuous piecewise linear velocities, piecewise constant pressures, and rotated Raviart–Thomas elements for the stresses. Next, we derive reliable and efficient residual‐based a posteriori error estimators for the augmented mixed finite element schemes. In addition, several numerical experiments illustrating the performance of the augmented mixed finite element methods, confirming the properties of the a posteriori estimators, and showing the behavior of the associated adaptive algorithms are reported. The present work should be considered as a first step aiming finally to derive augmented mixed finite element methods for vorticity‐based formulations of the 3D Stokes problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boundary layer, accretion disk and X-ray variability in luminous LMXBs

Using Fourier frequency resolved X-ray spectroscopy we study short term spectral variability in luminous LMXBs. With RXTE/PCA observations of 4U1608–52 and GX340+0 on the horizontal/normal branch of the color-intensity diagram we show that aperiodic and quasiperiodic variability on ∼ sec – msec time scales is caused primarily by variations of the luminosity of the boundary layer. The emission of the accretion disk is less variable on these time scales and its power density spectrum follows P disk ( f ) ∝ f − 1 law, contributing to observed ﬂux variation at low frequencies and low energies only. The kHz QPOs have the same origin as variability at lower frequencies, i.e. independent of the nature of the ”clock”, the actual luminosity modulation takes place on the neutron star surface, The boundary layer spectrum remains nearly constant in the course of the luminosity variations and is represented to certain accuracy by the Fourier frequency resolved spectrum. In the considered range ˙ M ∼ (0 . 1 − 1) ˙ M Edd it depends weakly on the global mass accretion rate and in the limit ˙ M ∼ ˙ M Edd is close to Wien spectrum with kT ∼ 2 . 4 keV (in the distant observer’s frame). The spectrum of the accretion disk emission is signiﬁcantly softer and in the 3–20 keV range is reasonably well described by a relativistic disk model with a mass accretion rate consistent with the value inferred from the observed X-ray ﬂux.
Supersymmetric multi-charge AdS 5 black holes

A new supersymmetric, asymptotically anti-de Sitter, black hole solution of five-dimensional U(1)3 gauged supergravity is presented. All known examples of such black holes arise as special cases of this solution, which is characterized by three charges and two angular momenta, with one constraint relating these five quantities. Analagous solutions of U(1)n gauged supergravity are also presented.
Determinants of tax revenue in Indonesia with economic growth as a mediation variable

Tax revenue has an important role as the main source of state revenue. However, for several years, the realization of tax revenues has not been able to reach the target and the level of the tax ratio is still not ideal. This shows that tax revenue needs to be increased so that the factors that can affect tax revenue need to be analyzed. This study aims to examine the effect of corruption, government spending, and human development on tax revenues and the effect of economic growth in mediating these effects. The analysis was conducted on 10 provinces during 2010 to 2019 was selected using a purposive sampling technique and 100 observations were obtained. Multiple linear regression was used as a method to analyze the hypothesis. The results showed that (1) government spending, human development and economic growth had a positive effect on tax revenue, while corruption had no effect on tax revenue; (2) government spending and human development have a positive effect on economic growth, while corruption has no effect on economic growth; (3) economic growth mediates the effect of government spending and human development on tax revenues; (4) economic growth does not mediate the effect of corruption on tax revenues.
Reconciling the Predictions of Microlensing Analysis with Radial Velocity Measurements for OGLE-2011-BLG-0417

Microlensing is able to reveal multiple body systems located several kilo-parsec away from the Earth. Since it does not require the measurement of light from the lens, microlensing is sensitive to a range of objects, from free-floating planets to stellar black holes. But, if the lens emits enough light, the microlensing model predictions can be tested with high-resolution imaging and/or radial velocity methods. Such a follow-up was done for the microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0417, which was expected to be a close by (≤1 kpc), low-mass (∼0.8 M⊙) binary star with a period of P ∼ 1.4 year. The spectroscopic follow-up observations conducted with the Very Large Telescope did not measure any variation in the radial velocity, which is in strong contradiction with the published microlensing model. In the present work, we remodel this event and find a simpler model that is in agreement with all the available measurements, including the recent Gaia Data Release 2 parallax constraints. We also present a new way to distinguish degenerate models using the Gaia Data Release 2 proper motions. This work stresses the importance of thorough microlensing modeling, especially with the horizon of the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope and the Euclid microlensing space missions.
Next generation sequencing reveals plants consumed by the vulnerable ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in a fragmented mountain forest

Abstract. Karyanto P, Bagasta AR, Nayasilana IN, Nor SMD, Atmoko SSU, Susilowati A, Sunarto 2022. Next generation sequencing reveals plants consumed by the vulnerable ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in a fragmented mountain forest. Biodiversitas 23: 4759-4769. Many mountain forests on Java Island have suffered from forest degradation, fragmentation, and alien species invasion that cause a significant change in vegetation structure. This changing floristic structure may affect the foraging substrate of the foliage eater ebony langur, Trachypithecus auratus. Hence, ascertaining the plants eaten by the langur may contribute significantly to informing important ecological data about its foraging adaptation and conservation. We analyzed six fecal samples of the langur from three forest sites in Mount Merbabu National Park, Indonesia. This research used the plant mini barcode to sequence the ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcl) in the mitochondrial DNA of the plants eaten by the langur using the Next Generation Sequencing. We compare the NGS results to floristic reference data from a vegetation survey preceding the fecal analysis. The NGS found 238 OTUs that belong to 32 taxa. Most of the langur’s diet belongs to the lower crop community. The study’s results suggest that the ebony langur’s dietary composition shows an adaptation to the new floristic composition. However, since the habitat is continuously degraded, the stakeholders must perform appropriate home-building-based habitat management practices to conserve this vulnerable species.
The Relationship of Family and School Environments with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Jordanian Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent among adolescents. The role of impaired family and school environments in adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and stress in Jordan has yet to be established. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the association of family and school environments with the depression, anxiety, and stress of adolescents in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional correlational survey was used. A sample of 220 adolescents aged 12–18 years completed the study. Data were collected about family and school environments and adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and stress. Results School climate had a strong significant relationship with both general family functioning (r = .53, p < 0.01) and family process (r = .58, p < 0.01). General family functioning and school climate were uniquely associated with stress, anxiety, and depression (Β = −.280 or higher), p < 0.05, controlling for demographics. Conclusion The general family functioning and overall school climate were shown to play important role in adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and stress. School nurses and psychiatric nurses may want to respond to the needs of adolescents with depression, anxiety, and stress through campaigns, lectures, and conferences and encourage them to access professional psychological counseling.
Capillary filling in closed-end nanotubes

Capillary filling in small length scale is an important process in nanotechnology and microfabrication. When one end of the tube or channel is sealed, it is important to consider the escape of the trapped gas. We develop a dynamic model on capillary filling in closed-end tubes, based on the diffusion–convection equation and Henry’s law of gas dissolution. We systematically investigate the filling dynamics for various sets of parameters, and compare the results with a previous model which assumes a linear density profile of dissolved gas and neglect the convective term.
Mathematical Modeling of the Solid–Liquid Interface Propagation by the Boundary Integral Method with Nonlinear Liquidus Equation and Atomic Kinetics

In this paper, we derive the boundary integral equation (BIE), a single integrodifferential equation governing the evolutionary behavior of the interface function, paying special attention to the nonlinear liquidus equation and atomic kinetics. As a result, the BIE is found for a thermodiffusion problem of binary melt crystallization with convection. Analyzing this equation coupled with the selection criterion for a stationary dendritic growth in the form of a parabolic cylinder, we show that nonlinear effects stemming from the liquidus equation and atomic kinetics play a decisive role. Namely, the dendrite tip velocity and diameter, respectively, become greater and lower with the increasing deviation of the liquidus equation from a linear form. In addition, the dendrite tip velocity can substantially change with variations in the power exponent of the atomic kinetics. In general, the theory under consideration describes the evolution of a curvilinear crystallization front, as well as the growth of solid phase perturbations and patterns in undercooled binary melts at local equilibrium conditions (for low and moderate Péclet numbers). In addition, our theory, combined with the unsteady selection criterion, determines the non-stationary growth rate of dendritic crystals and the diameter of their vertices.