Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Hybrid Option Pricing Model by Genetic Algorithm and Black- Scholes Model

Unlike this study focused extensively on trading behavior of option market, those researches were just taken their attention to model-driven option pricing. For example, Black-Scholes (B-S) model is one of the most famous option pricing models. However, the arguments of B-S model are previously mentioned by some pricing models reviewing. This paper following suggests the importance of the dynamic character for option pricing, which is also the reason why using the genetic algorithm (GA). Because of its natural selection and species evolution, this study proposed a hybrid model, the Genetic-BS model which combining GA and B-S to estimate the price more accurate. As for the final experiments, the result shows that the output estimated price with lower MAE value than the calculated price by either B-S model or its enhanced one, Gram-Charlier garch (G-C garch) model. Finally, this work would conclude that the Genetic-BS pricing model is exactly practical. Keywords—genetic algorithm, Genetic-BS, option pricing model.
Flexible semiparametric analysis of longitudinal genetic studies by reduced rank smoothing

Summary. In longitudinal genetic studies, investigators collect repeated measurements on a trait that changes with time along with genetic markers. For family‐based longitudinal studies, since repeated measurements are nested within subjects and subjects are nested within families, both the subject level and the measurement level correlations must be taken into account in the statistical analysis to achieve more accurate estimation. In such studies, the primary interests include testing for a quantitative trait locus effect, and estimating the age‐specific quantitative trait locus effect and residual polygenic heritability function. We propose flexible semiparametric models and their statistical estimation and hypothesis testing procedures for longitudinal genetic data. We employ penalized splines to estimate non‐parametric functions in the model. We find that misspecifying the baseline function or the genetic effect function in a parametric analysis may lead to a substantially inflated or highly conservative type I error rate on testing and large mean‐squared error on estimation. We apply the proposed approaches to examine age‐specific effects of genetic variants reported in a recent genomewide association study of blood pressure collected in the Framingham Heart Study.
Mysid crustaceans as potential test organisms for the evaluation of environmental endocrine disruption: A review

Anthropogenic chemicals that disrupt the hormonal systems (endocrine disruptors) of wildlife species recently have become a widely investigated and politically charged issue. Invertebrates account for roughly 95% of all animals, yet surprisingly little effort has been made to understand their value in signaling potential environmental endocrine disruption. This omission largely can be attributed to the high diversity of invertebrates and the shortage of fundamental knowledge of their endocrine systems. Insects and crustaceans are exceptions and, as such, appear to be excellent candidates for evaluating the environmental consequences of chemically induced endocrine disruption. Mysid shrimp (Crustacea: Mysidacea) may serve as a viable surrogate for many crustaceans and have been put forward as suitable test organisms for the evaluation of endocrine disruption by several researchers and regulatory bodies (e.g., the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Despite the long‐standing use of mysids in toxicity testing, little information exists on their endocrinology, and few studies have focused on the potential of these animals for evaluating the effects of hormone‐disrupting compounds. Therefore, the question remains as to whether the current standardized mysid endpoints can be used or adapted to detect endocrine disruption, or if new procedures must be developed, specifically directed at evaluating hormone‐regulated endpoints in these animals. This review summarizes the ecological importance of mysids in estuarine and marine ecosystems, their use in toxicity testing and environmental monitoring, and their endocrinology and important hormone‐regulated processes to highlight their potential use in assessing environmental endocrine disruption.
GUI Test Case Definition with TTCN-3

GUI test case definition is the core issue in automatic or semi-automatic GUI testing. We use TTCN-3 language to define GUI test cases. The test specifications under this definition are easy to maintain, evaluate and assess. The time related test specifications are covered; few of current works cover this kind of testing. It's easy and flexible to create test oracles by this approach thanks to TTCN-3 template matching mechanisms. Meanwhile the TTCN-3 characteristic of software development independent will steadily push GUI test engineer. The experiment shows the feasibility and flexibility of our approach. Keywords-GUI test; test case definition; TTCN-3
A life course theory of cumulative disadvantage and the stability of delinquency.

Although often lumped together, longitudinal and developmental approaches to crime are not the same. Longitudinal research invokes a methodological stance--collecting and analyzing data on persons (or macrosocial units) over time. Ironically, however, one of the objections to existing longitudinal research has been that it often looks like, or produces results equivalent to, cross-sectional research (Gottfredson and Hirschi 1987). Critics of longitudinal research have a valid point-many studies simply investigate between-individual relationships using a static, invariant conception of human development. For example, showing an "effect" of social class at time one on crime at time two requires a longitudinal design, but substantively such an effect says nothing about withinindividual change, dynamic or sequential processes, or whether in fact "time" really matters. Hence longitudinal studies often borrow the tools of cross-sectional analysis but do not inform about how individuals progress through the life course. Perhaps most important, until recently longitudinal research has labored under the trinity of dominant crirnino-
Do On-Line Labor Market Intermediaries Matter ?

This paper evaluates the impact of the availability of electronic labor markets on the university-to-work transition. In particular, we analyze the effect of the intermediation activity carried on by the inter-university consortium, AlmaLaurea, on graduates’ labor market outcomes. The different timing of universities’ enrolment in AlmaLaurea allows us to apply the difference-in-differences method to a repeated cross section data set. If the usual assumption concerning parallel outcomes holds, AlmaLaurea reduces the individual unemployment probability and improves matching quality. Interestingly, we also find that on-line intermediaries foster graduates’ geographic mobility. JEL Classification: J64, J68, O3.
Changes in Phytoplankton and Water Quality during Sustainable Restoration of an Urban Lake Used for Recreation and Water Supply

Groundwater intake near Lake Glebokie, situated in the city of Szczecin in Northwestern Poland, resulted in a distinct decrease in the lake water level. Water intake from a river and a neighboring urban area led to eutrophication and a strong cyanobacterial water bloom. Both the water intake and recreation were threatened due to the possible influence of cyanobacterial toxins. The lake was subjected to three sustainable restoration methods: aeration of sediment-water; iron addition to precipitate P, and; biomanipulation. The goal of our study was to determine the changes in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton and chemical water variables during restoration measures. A comparison of the data obtained during this research with the pre-restoration data showed that, as a result of the treatments orthophosphates decreased, rarely exceeding 0.06 mg P·L−1, and cyanobacterial water blooms disappeared. Cyanobacteria were found in the lake but they were not abundant. Chrysophytes and diatoms were the most abundant in springtime of each year. Green algae, desmids and chrysophytes were particularly abundant in summer, while cryptophytes predominated in autumn. Algae from all these groups do not pose a threat to either recreation or water intake. The deep chlorophyll maximum occurring in summer at a depth of 5 m as a result of restoration confirms the lower trophic status of the lake, alluding to mesotrophic conditions.
Anisotropic volume rendering for extremely dense, thin line data

Many large scale physics-based simulations which take place on PC clusters or supercomputers produce huge amounts of data including vector fields. While these vector data such as electromagnetic fields, fluid flow fields, or particle paths can be represented by lines, the sheer number of the lines overwhelms the memory and computation capability of a high-end PC used for visualization. Further, very dense or intertwined lines, rendered with traditional visualization techniques, can produce unintelligible results with unclear depth relationships between the lines and no sense of global structure. Our approach is to apply a lighting model to the lines and sample them into an anisotropic voxel representation based on spherical harmonics as a preprocessing step. Then we evaluate and render these voxels for a given view using traditional volume rendering. For extremely large line based datasets, conversion to anisotropic voxels reduces the overall storage and rendering for O(n) lines to O(1) with a large constant that is still small enough to allow meaningful visualization of the entire dataset at nearly interactive rates on a single commodity PC.
Small-molecule probes elucidate global enzyme activity in a proteomic context

The recent dramatic improvements in high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) have revolutionized the speed and scope of proteomic studies. Conventional MS-based proteomics methodologies allow global protein profiling based on expression levels. Although these techniques are promising, there are numerous biological activities yet to be unveiled, such as the dynamic regulation of enzyme activity. Chemical proteomics is an emerging field that extends these types proteomic profiling. In particular, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) utilizes small-molecule probes to monitor enzyme activity directly in living intact subjects. In this mini-review, we summarize the unique roles of smallmolecule probes in proteomics studies and highlight some recent examples in which this principle has been applied. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(3): 149-157]
Socially-aware interfaces for supporting co-located interaction

Ambient intelligence refers to a vision of technology where physical environments are sensitive and responsive to people. One of the challenges to realize this vision is to leverage information available in the social context. My doctoral research focuses on how to design interfaces that support co-located multi-user interactions taking into account individual and group nonverbal behavior, such as proxemics, gaze direction and body movements. In particular, the research activities are twofold: to understand which nonverbal cues and social signals reflect engagement, cooperation and cohesion in co-located group activities and to design systems that can handle and manage this social information. I present an integrated research approach for designing multi-user interactions based on social signal processing and I discuss the progress-to-date toward the development of systems that can sense and respond to social context.
A Fast Settling All Digital PLL Using Temperature Compensated Oscillator Tuning Word Estimation Algorithm

SUMMARY This report describes an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) using a temperature compensated settling time reduction technique. The novelty of this work is autonomous oscillation control word estimation without a look-up table or memory circuits. The proposed AD-PLL employs a multi-phase digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). In the proposed estimation method, the optimum oscillator tuning word (OTW) is estimated from the DCO frequency characteristic in the setup phase of ADPLL. The proposed ADPLL, which occupies 0 . 27 × 0 . 36mm 2 , is fabricated by a 65 nm CMOS process. The temperature compensation PLL controller (TCPC) is implemented using an FPGA. Although the proposed method has 20% area overhead, measurement results show that the 47% settling time is reduced. The average settling time at 25 ◦ C is 3 μ s. The average reduction energy is at least 42% from 0 ◦ C to 100 ◦ C.
Analytical and clinical validation of the new Abbot Architect 25(OH)D assay: fit for purpose?

Abstract Background: We provide a clinical and analytical evaluation of the reformulated version of the Abbott Architect 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay. We compared this assay with three commercial automated immunoassays and against a VDSP-traceable liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in six different populations. We also supplemented 40 healthy volunteers with either 600,000 IU of vitamin D2 or 100,000 of vitamin D3 to evaluate the performance of the immunoassays vs. the LC-MS/MS. Methods: Precision and limit of quantification were assessed, 25(OH)D2 and C3-epimer recovery were calculated. Two hundred and forty samples obtained in healthy Caucasians and Africans, osteoporotic, hemodialyzed and intensive care patients and 3rd trimester pregnant women were analyzed by all methods. Correlation was studied using Passing-Bablok and Bland-Altman analysis. Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was calculated to evaluate agreement between immunoassays and LC-MS/MS. We verified if patients were homogeneously classified with the immunoassays when they took vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 after 1, 7 and 28 days. Results: We observed excellent analytical features and showed a very good correlation to the LC-MS/MS results in the overall population. Compared to the other immunoassays, concordance of the new Abbott assay with the LC-MS/MS was at least similar, and often better in diseased populations. Althought the cross-reactivity with 25(OH)D2 was not of 100%, there was no significant difference in the classifications of the patients, either supplemented with D2 or D3 or after 7 or 28 days. Conclusions: This modified version of the Abbott Architect assay is clearly improved compared to the previous one and presents a better agreement with the LC-MS/MS.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the NADK Gene Family in Plants

Background NAD(H) kinase (NADK) is the key enzyme that catalyzes de novo synthesis of NADP(H) from NAD(H) for NADP(H)-based metabolic pathways. In plants, NADKs form functional subfamilies. Studies of these families in Arabidopsis thaliana indicate that they have undergone considerable evolutionary selection; however, the detailed evolutionary history and functions of the various NADKs in plants are not clearly understood. Principal Findings We performed a comparative genomic analysis that identified 74 NADK gene homologs from 24 species representing the eight major plant lineages within the supergroup Plantae: glaucophytes, rhodophytes, chlorophytes, bryophytes, lycophytes, gymnosperms, monocots and eudicots. Phylogenetic and structural analysis classified these NADK genes into four well-conserved subfamilies with considerable variety in the domain organization and gene structure among subfamily members. In addition to the typical NAD_kinase domain, additional domains, such as adenylate kinase, dual-specificity phosphatase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domains, were found in subfamily II. Interestingly, NADKs in subfamily III exhibited low sequence similarity (∼30%) in the kinase domain within the subfamily and with the other subfamilies. These observations suggest that gene fusion and exon shuffling may have occurred after gene duplication, leading to specific domain organization seen in subfamilies II and III, respectively. Further analysis of the exon/intron structures showed that single intron loss and gain had occurred, yielding the diversified gene structures, during the process of structural evolution of NADK family genes. Finally, both available global microarray data analysis and qRT-RCR experiments revealed that the NADK genes in Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa show different expression patterns in different developmental stages and under several different abiotic/biotic stresses and hormone treatments, underscoring the functional diversity and functional divergence of the NADK family in plants. Conclusions These findings will facilitate further studies of the NADK family and provide valuable information for functional validation of this family in plants.
An Amortized Tit-For-Tat Protocol for Exchanging Bandwidth instead of Content in P2P Networks

Incentives for resource sharing are crucial for the proper operation of P2P networks. The principle of the incentive mechanisms in current content sharing P2P networks such as BitTorrent is to have peers exchange content of mutual interest. As a consequence, a peer can actively participate in the system only if it shares content that is of immediate interest to other peers. In this paper we propose to lift this restriction by using bandwidth rather than content as the resource upon which incentives are based. Bandwidth, in contrast to content, is independent of peer interests and so can be exchanged between any two peers. We present the design of a protocol called amortized tit-for-tat (ATFT) based on the bandwidth-exchange concept. This protocol defines mechanisms for bandwidth exchange corresponding to those in BitTorrent for content exchange, in particular for finding bandwidth borrowers that amortize the bandwidth borrowed in the past with their currently idle bandwidth. In addition to the formally proven incentives for bandwidth contributions, ATFT provides natural solutions to the problems of peer bootstrapping, seeding incentive, peer link asymmetry, and anonymity, which have previously been addressed with much more complex designs. Experiments with a real-world dataset confirm that ATFT is efficient in enforcing bandwidth contributions and results in download performance better than provided by incentive mechanisms based on content exchange.
Cold snare piecemeal resection of colonic and duodenal polyps ≥1 cm

Background: Endoscopic removal of duodenal and colorectal adenomas is currently considered to be the standard of care for prevention of adenocarcinoma. The use of cautery carries a risk of delayed bleeding, post-polypectomy syndrome, and perforation. We examined the safety and feasibility of removing colonic and duodenal polyps ≥ 1 cm using a piecemeal cold snare polypectomy technique. Patients: The study included 15 patients with duodenal polyps ≥ 1 cm and 15 patients with colonic polyps ≥ 1 cm. Main outcome measurements: Bleeding, perforation, abdominal pain, or hospitalization occurring within 2 weeks of polypectomy. Results: Between 24 August 2011 and 29 April 2013, 15 patients had removal of duodenal polyps ≥ 1 cm. Mean patient age was 64 years and 9/15 patients were male. The mean polyp size was 24 mm (10 – 60 mm). All polyps were removed with a cold snare and some required cold biopsy forceps. One patient required hospitalization for gastrointestinal blood loss 7 days post-polypectomy; this patient was using Coumadin. Between 27 February 2012 and 30 May 2013, 15 patients underwent resection of a ≥ 1 cm colonic polyp. Mean patient age was 68 years and 9/15 were male. The mean polyp size was 20 mm (10 – 45 mm). All polyps were primarily removed with a cold snare. None of the patients required hemostatic clips for control of immediate bleeding. One patient presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain 1 day after initial endoscopy. CT scan showed no abnormalities and the patient was discharged. Conclusions: Cold snare polypectomy for large duodenal and colonic polyps is technically feasible and may have a favorable safety profile compared to standard electrocautery-based endoscopic resection. Comparative trials are required to determine the relative safety and efficacy of cold snare techniques for complete and durable resection of large polyps compared to standard hot snare methods.
New Insights into Glucose Regulation

This review article describes the regulation of glucose homeostasis in subjects with and without diabetes based on the emergence of new information and discusses modes of action, attributes, and limitations of current diabetes therapies. In normal physiology, glucose homeostasis is tightly controlled by the interaction of pancreatic and gut hormones. Since the 1920s, diabetes has been viewed as a disease caused by deficient secretion of insulin, resulting in reduced glucose uptake and subsequent hyperglycemia. The discovery in the 1950s of the pancreatic hormone glucagon, which opposes insulin by increasing glucose appearance in the circulation, resulted in a bihormonal model of glucose homeostasis. More recently, with the discovery of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in the 1970s and the pancreatic hormone amylin in the 1980s, it is now understood that several organs and hormones play roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Therapies for diabetes have focused on compensation for deficient insulin action through stimulation of insulin secretion, administration of insulin itself, reduction of peripheral insulin resistance, or decreased glucose absorption from the intestine. The discoveries of amylin and GLP-1 have furthered our understanding of the abnormalities involved in diabetes, enabling the development of additional therapeutic options.
Looking to the Future: Biomarkers in the Management of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

The incidence and mortality of pancreas cancer converge. There has been little advancement in the treatment of pancreas cancer since the acceptance of gemcitabine as the standard therapy. Unfortunately, the efficacy of gemcitabine is dismal. While there is much discussion for the development of biomarkers to help direct therapy in this area, there is little action to move them into clinical practice. Herein, we review potential pancreatic cancer biomarkers and discuss the limitations in their implementation.
Gap dynamics and the role of seedling recruitment in maintaining species diversity in seagrass meadows

iii Declaration of Authorship. v Acknowledgements . vi 1. General Introduction. 1 1.1. Aims . 5 1.2. Chapter outlines. 5 2. Gap dynamics in a multi-species seagrass landscape and implications for seagrass colonization. 8 2.
A Vocabulary Forest-based object matching processor with 2.07M-vec/s throughput and 13.3nJ/vector energy in full-HD resolution

A Vocabulary Forest-based object matching processor is proposed to speed up the feature matching stage for the object recognition system with high accuracy. Adopting Reusable-Vocabulary Tree architecture and hardware sharing technique reduces area, as well as adopting propagate-and-compute-array architecture in the combiner and external database elimination enhances the matching speed more than 16x compared to Approximate Nearest Neighbor searching processors. The proposed Vocabulary Forest processor, implemented in 65nm CMOS process, achieves 2.07M-vec/s throughput and 13.3nJ/vector energy efficiency, and successfully matches 100 objects with 95.7% matching accuracy.