Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semi-Inflationary DATALOG: A declarative database language with procedural features

This paper presents a rule-based database language which extends stratified DATALOG by adding a controlled form of inflationary fixpoint, immersed in a context of classical stratified negation with least fixpoint. The proposed language, called Semi-Inflationary DATALOG (DATALOG @(a) for short), smoothly combines the declarative purity of stratified negation with the procedural style of the inflationary fixpoint, DATALOG @(a) is particularly suitable to express algorithms in a mixed style: declarative rules, whenever it is natural and convenient, and procedural ones, any time it is easier to list the sequence of single actions. In the latter case, in order not to oblige the programmer to supply unnecessary procedural details, a number of choice constructs are available to express don't care non-determinism. The semantics of a DATALOG @(a) program is given using stable models by means of rule rewriting into a DATALOG program with choice and XY-stratification. In addition the complexity and expressive power of DATALOG @(a) queries is precisely characterized and some lights are put on the related class NQPTIME as well.
Ethnic Feelings Book: Created by Students with Developmental Handicaps

At present, emphasis is being placed on exposing students enrolled in special education classes to carefully planned multicultural awareness activities (Hamp & Chinn, 1982; Mack, 1988). Such activities are designed to help students better appreciate cultural similarities and differences. However, for some students in special education classes, it may be necessary to focus initially on activities that help them develop a more positive understanding of their own cultural heritage. This approach was used with students enrolled in the class described in this article, an intermediate level self-contained unit for students with developmental handicaps. The class consisted of 12 students, 4 males and 8 females, ranging in age from 9 to 12 years. All of the students were from low socioeconomic backgrounds. All were African
Mechanisms of cardiac alternans in atrial cells: intracellular Ca2⁺ disturbances lead the way.

Cardiac alternans, in the form of microvolt T-wave alternans, is an important clinical sign of heart disease that frequently emerges as a diagnostic manifestation of disease severity in cardiomyopathies such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, genetic and acquired channelopathies, and even in electrolyte disturbances of the body.1 During cardiac alternans, there is a beat-to-beat oscillation between strong and weak contractions, and although the heart keeps a regular pace, cardiac alternans ultimately spawns lethal arrhythmias, serving as a valuable risk stratification factor for sudden cardiac death and helping guide arrhythmia treatment.2 Article, see p 846 At the cellular level, cardiac alternans manifests as a cyclic, simultaneous alternation of 3 of the fundamental events of cardiomyocyte physiology: action potential duration (APD), intracellular Ca2+ transient (CaT) amplitude, and contraction amplitude. Because action potentials trigger cytosolic CaTs, and CaTs in turn influence the amplitude and duration of the action potentials through various Ca2+-dependent ionic currents, in this inescapable bidirectional coupling there is barely an instance in which APD alternans becomes dissociated from CaT alternans and in reality, one faithfully follows the other. But which one has the primary role? The question seems of fundamental importance if one is to understand the hierarchical role of distinct cellular processes and target the roots of this arrhythmogenic event through rationalized therapy. The prominence of membrane currents in the genesis of cardiac alternans was demonstrated as early as 1968 by Nolasco and Dahlen3 in their classical experiments of APD restitution. They observed that in electrically paced frog ventricular muscle strips, APD shortened as they accelerated the pacing rate. This phenomenon appeals to logic because the cardiac cycle length decreases considerably during increased metabolic demand, and it must do so by means of shortening both, APD and diastolic interval (DI). Typically, DI …
THE EFFECTS OF NINTENDO WII FIT TRAINING ON GAIT SPEED, BALANCE, FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY AND DEPRESSION IN ONE PERSON WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE

A 69 year old male with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease participated in a 60-minute, bi-weekly training program using the Nintendo Wii fit gaming system. Pre-test/post-test assessments included: 1) The Timed up and go (TUG), 2) The Berg Balance scale (BBS), 3) Self selected gait speed, 4) Fall history, and 5) Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). After 8 weeks, the subject’s BBS score increased from 31 to 42 (35% improvement), the TUG decreased from 36.5 seconds to 24.1 seconds (34% improvement), gait speed increased from . 26 m/s to . 37 m/s (42% improvement) and GDS scores remained unchanged. The Nintendo Wii Fit may be a viable alternative to independent exercise programs for people diagnosed with idiopathic PD.
Foamy bloat of cattle. A review.

Bloat is a disorder of ruminants caused by retention of gas in the stomach. Gas is produced continuously and in large amounts in the ruminant stomach and is eliminated normaUy by the animal without difficulty. Sometimes, however, the rate of elimination falls behind the rate of production so that gas starts to accumulate in the rumino-reticulum (hereinafter called the rumen). If the disparity continues, it can lead to gross distention of the rumen -the intraruminal pressure may rise to as much as 70 mm Hg (41, 89) -and the animal becomes bloated. The inflated stomach mechanically interferes with respiration, which probably is further embarrassed by the absorption of CO2 from the rumen, and can cause death within an hour of commencing to feed (81, 105, 112, 315, 388). The imbalance of gas production and removal that leads to bloat results most commonly from excessive foaming of the contents of the rumen; this is the primary cause of bloat in animals feeding on legumes or lush young grass, and of feedlot bloat. Non-foamy or freegas bloat is less common than foamy bloat and results from a variety of causes. This review is concerned with foamy bloat, and especially legume (pasture) bloat. Feedlot bloat, which characteristically oeettrs in beef cattle fed on rations high in concentrates and low in roughages, and which may be chronic, will be discussed separately and in less detail. Extensive reviews of bloat appeared regularly between 1945 and 1960 (81, 82, 83, 190, 191) the last being that of Cole and Boda (81) in 1960. Since then the subject has been considered in varying degrees of detail by a number of authors (66, 78, 175, 183, 196, 322, 327, 379). The present review, which mainly covers the literature since 1959, should be read in association with that of Cole and Boda (81).
Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta due to WDR72 Mutations: A Novel Mutation and Ultrastructural Analyses of Deciduous Teeth

Background:Mutations in WDR72 have been identified in autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Objective: to describe a novel WDR72 mutation and report the ultrastructural enamel phenotype associated with a different WDR72 mutation. Methods: A family segregating autosomal recessive hypomaturation AI was recruited, genomic DNA obtained and WDR72 sequenced. Four deciduous teeth from one individual with a previously published WDR72 mutation, extracted as part of clinical care, were subjected to scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and transverse microradiography. Results: A novel homozygous nonsense mutation, R897X, was identified in WDR72 in a family originating from Pakistan. Ultrastructural analysis of enamel from the deciduous teeth of an AI patient with the WDR72 mutation S783X revealed energy-dispersive X-ray analysis spectra with normal carbon and nitrogen peaks, excluding retention of enamel matrix protein. However, transverse microradiography values were significantly lower for affected teeth when compared to normal teeth, consistent with reduced mineralisation. On scanning electron microscopy the enamel rod form observed was normal, yet with inter-rod enamel more prominent than in controls. This appearance was unaltered following incubation with either α-chymotrypsin or lipase. Conclusions: The novel WDR72 mutation described brings the total reported WDR72 mutations to four. Analyses of deciduous tooth enamel in an individual with a homozygous WDR72 mutation identified changes consistent with a late failure of enamel maturation without retention of matrix proteins. The mechanisms by which intracellular WDR72 influences enamel maturation remain unknown.
Late Reopening of Adequately Coiled Intracranial Aneurysms: Frequency and Risk Factors in 400 Patients With 440 Aneurysms

Background and Purpose— In aneurysms that are adequately occluded 6 months after coiling, the risk of late reopening is largely unknown. We assessed the occurrence of late aneurysm reopening and possible risk factors. Methods— From January 1995 to June 2005, 1808 intracranial aneurysms were coiled in 1675 patients at 7 medical centers. At 6 months, 1066 aneurysms in 971 patients were adequately occluded. At mean 6.0 years after coiling, of the 971 patients, 400 patients with 440 aneurysms underwent 3 Tesla magnetic resonance angiography to assess occlusion status of the aneurysms. Proportions and corresponding 95% CI of aneurysm reopening and retreatment were calculated. Risk factors for late reopening were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and included patient sex, rupture status of aneurysms, aneurysm size ≥10 mm, and aneurysm location. Results— In 11 of 400 patients (2.8%; 95% CI, 1.4–4.9%) with 440 aneurysms (2.5%; 95% CI, 1.0–4.0%), late reopening had occurred; 3 reopened aneurysms were retreated (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.2–1.5%). Independent predictors for late reopening were aneurysm size ≥10 mm (OR 4.7; 95% CI, 1.3–16.3) and location on basilar tip (OR 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1–14.6). There were no late reopenings in the 143 anterior cerebral artery aneurysms. Conclusions— For the vast majority of adequately occluded intracranial aneurysms 6 months after coiling (those <10 mm and not located on basilar tip), prolonged imaging follow-up within the first 5 to 10 years after coiling does not seem beneficial in terms of detecting reopened aneurysms that need retreatment. Whether patients might benefit from screening beyond the 5- to 10-year interval is not yet clear.
Tracking Anonymous Sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks are deployed in a wide range of applications such as military. To enable sinks to avoid physical attacks from adversaries, most of WSNs adopt sink-location privacy mechanisms. By utilizing these mechanisms, an adversary cannot analyze packet traffic and perform hop-by-hop trace-back, and thus deduce the location of a sink. In this paper, we propose an attack approach to track anonymous sinks. It utilizes a Pseudo-Noise (PN) code to mark a data flow in an invisible manner. An adversary is able to interfere with a source node’s traffic by embedding a secure signal into the node’s traffic. The signal is carried along with the traffic from the source node to the sink. Therefore, the attacker can recognize the location of a sink node by tracking the invisible secure signal. Through our simulation experiments, we conclude that the proposed attack approach is able to track an anonymous sink without additional traffic overhead.
Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for re-staging rectal cancer after radiotherapy.

AIM To compare the sensitivity and specificity of two imaging techniques, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. And we compared EUS and MRI data with histological findings from surgical specimens. METHODS Thirty-nine consecutive patients (51.3% Male; mean age: 68.2 +/- 8.9 years) with histologically confirmed distal rectal cancer were examined for staging. All patients underwent EUS and MRI imaging before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. RESULTS After neoadjuvant chemoradiation, EUS and MRI correctly classified 46% (18/39) and 44% (17/39) of patients, respectively, in line with their histological T stage (P > 0.05). These proportions were higher for both techniques when nodal involvement was considered: 69% (27/39) and 62% (24/39). When patients were sorted into T and N subgroups, the diagnostic accuracy of EUS was better than MRI for patients with T0-T2 (44% vs 33%, P > 0.05) and N0 disease (87% vs 52%, P = 0.013). However, MRI was more accurate than EUS in T and N staging for patients with more advanced disease after radiotherapy, though these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION EUS and MRI are accurate imaging techniques for staging rectal cancer. However, after neoadjuvant RT-CT, the role of both methods in the assessment of residual rectal tumors remains uncertain.
Nightmares Associated with the Onset of Mania : Three Case Reports

One of the most important functions of REM sleep and dreaming is mood-regulation. Clinical observations suggest the putative role of REM sleep in relation to the problem-solving functions of REM sleep (1). REM sleep and dream content are profoundly altered in affective disorders, thus an analysis of the relationship between mood, REM sleep, and dreaming may play a role in our understanding of underlying mechanisms of mood disorders (2-4). Cartwright and Lloyd (5) reported that depressed subjects exhibiting a shorter REM latency following a life stressor have increased accompanying reports early night dream intensity as support hypothesis that reduced REM latency may represent a compensatory mechanism when negative affect exceeds normal limits. On the other hand, prolonged selective REM deprivation by awakenings have been known to be beneficial in the treatment of depression for 20 more years (6). That the majority of antidepressant drugs, across several different categories, exhibit robust suppression of REM sleep appeared to support this finding. However, others, such as bupropion and nefazodone, lack REM suppressant effects (7). Thus, it is still an unresolved issue whether REM sleep abnormalities are depressiogenic or whether early prolonged and more active REM sleep reflects an attempt to compensate for elevated levels of a waking depression. REM sleep abnormalities were welldocumented in depression, whereas REM sleep changes in bipolar disorder are variable; reduced, increased, or unchanged REM sleep may be occurred in manic phase. Shift in mood may be occur during sleep (8). In a recent study, Beauchemin and Hays (8) demonstrated that dream content related to prevailing mood state and certain types of dream preceded upward mood changes in bipolar disorder (manicdepression). To replicate these findings, one year later, they (9) monitored sleep, dream content and mood, in both bipolar and unipolar patients during depressed state. They found that REM latency tends to increase as the mood improves in bipolars but was stable (and even decreases with mood improvements) in unipolar depressives; dream content continued to systematically relate Nightmares Associated with the Onset of Mania: Three Case Reports
The AIS Project: Boosting Information Extraction from Legal Documents by using Ontologies

In the legal field, it is a fact that a large number of documents are processed every day by management companies with the purpose of extracting data that they consider most relevant in order to be stored in their own databases. Despite technological advances, in many organizations, the task of examining these usually-extensive documents for extracting just a few essential data is still performed manually by people, which is expensive, time-consuming, and subject to human errors. Moreover, legal documents usually follow several conventions in both structure and use of language, which, while not completely formal, can be exploited to boost information extraction. In this work, we present an approach to obtain relevant information out from these legal documents based on the use of ontologies to capture and take advantage of such structure and language conventions. We have implemented our approach in a framework that allows to address different types of documents with minimal effort. Within this framework, we have also regarded one frequent problem that is found in this kind of documentation: the presence of overlapping elements, such as stamps or signatures, which greatly hinders the extraction work over scanned documents. Experimental results show promising results, showing the feasibility of our approach.
Construcción de una base de conocimiento léxico multilíngüe de amplia cobertura: Multilingual Central Repository

The use of wide coverage and general domain semantic resources has become a common practice and often necesary by existing systems Natural Language Processing (NLP). WordNet is by far the most widely used semantic resource in NLP. Following the success of WordNet, the EuroWordNet project has designed a multilingual semantic infrastructure to develop wordnets for a set of European languages. In EuroWordNet, these wordnets are interconnected with links stored in the Inter-Lingual Index (ILI). Following the EuroWordNet architecture, the MEANING project has developed the first versions of Multilingual Central Repository (MCR) using WordNet 1.6 as ILI. Thus, maintaining the compatibility between wordnets of different languages ​​and versions. This version of the MCR integrates six different versions of the English WordNet (1.6 to 3.0) and wordnets in Spanish, Catalan, Basque and Italian, along with more than a million semantic relationships between concepts and semantic properties different ontologies. We recently developed a new version of MCR using WordNet 3.0 as ILI. This new version of the MCR integrates wordnets of five different languages: English, Spanish, Catalan, Basque and Galician. The current version of MCR, like the previous one, systematically integrates thousands of semantic relations between concepts. In addition, the MCR is enriched with about 460,000 semantic and ontological properties including Base Level Concepts, Top Ontology, WordNet Domains and AdimenSUMO, providing all ontological consistency the integrated semantic wordnets and resources on it.
Client-Server Caching Revisited

The caching of data and/or locks at client workstations is an eeective technique for improving the performance of a client-server database system. This paper extends an earlier performance study of client-server caching in several ways. The rst is a re-examination of heuristics for deciding dynamically between propagating changes or invalidating remote copies of data pages in order to maintain cache consistency. The second is a study of the \Callback Locking" family of caching algorithms. These algorithms are of interest because they provide an alternative to the optimistic techniques used in the earlier study and because they have recently begun to nd use in commercial systems. In addition, the performance of the caching algorithms is examined in light of current trends in processor and network speeds and in the presence of data contention.
Using Proximity and View Awareness to Reduce Referential Ambiguity in a Shared 3D Virtual Environment

This contribution investigates the role of virtual space on social interactions during collaborative tasks. We previously observed that MUD users rely on spatial positions to refine the conversational context and thereby facilitate mutual understanding. Supporting mutual understanding is a main challenge of CSCL research. We explore how this may happen in a continuous space (VRML). Our first hypothesis was that the proximity of the emitter to the referred object clarifies the referential context. Our second hypothesis stated that the receiver uses gaze awareness (knowing what the emitter is looking at) in order to guess which object the emitter refers to. The experiment results confirmed the first hypothesis, surprisingly rejected the second hypothesis and reveal complex interactions between the two.
Digital Assays Part I: Partitioning Statistics and Digital PCR

A digital assay is one in which the sample is partitioned into many small containers such that each partition contains a discrete number of biological entities (0, 1, 2, 3, …). A powerful technique in the biologist’s toolkit, digital assays bring a new level of precision in quantifying nucleic acids, measuring proteins and their enzymatic activity, and probing single-cell genotypes and phenotypes. Part I of this review begins with the benefits and Poisson statistics of partitioning, including sources of error. The remainder focuses on digital PCR (dPCR) for quantification of nucleic acids. We discuss five commercial instruments that partition samples into physically isolated chambers (cdPCR) or droplet emulsions (ddPCR). We compare the strengths of dPCR (absolute quantitation, precision, and ability to detect rare or mutant targets) with those of its predecessor, quantitative real-time PCR (dynamic range, larger sample volumes, and throughput). Lastly, we describe several promising applications of dPCR, including copy number variation, quantitation of circulating tumor DNA and viral load, RNA/miRNA quantitation with reverse transcription dPCR, and library preparation for next-generation sequencing. This review is intended to give a broad perspective to scientists interested in adopting digital assays into their workflows. Part II focuses on digital protein and cell assays.
PacketScore: a statistics-based packet filtering scheme against distributed denial-of-service attacks

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are a critical threat to the Internet. This paper introduces a DDoS defense scheme that supports automated online attack characterizations and accurate attack packet discarding based on statistical processing. The key idea is to prioritize a packet based on a score which estimates its legitimacy given the attribute values it carries. Once the score of a packet is computed, this scheme performs score-based selective packet discarding where the dropping threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the score distribution of recent incoming packets and the current level of system overload. This paper describes the design and evaluation of automated attack characterizations, selective packet discarding, and an overload control process. Special considerations are made to ensure that the scheme is amenable to high-speed hardware implementation through scorebook generation and pipeline processing. A simulation study indicates that packetscore is very effective in blocking several different attack types under many different conditions
Androcentric Reporting of Gender Differences in APA Journals: 1965–2004

Androcentric thinking assumes maleness to be normative and attributes gender differences to females. A content analysis of articles reporting gender differences published between 1965 and 2004 in four American Psychological Association journals examined androcentric pronouns, explanations, and tables and graphs. Few articles used generic masculine pronouns to refer to both women and men. However, explanations of gender differences within articles that mentioned such differences in their abstracts and titles referenced attributes of women significantly more often than attributes of men. Most tables and graphs depicting gender differences positioned males' data before females' data, except when gender differences among parents were concerned. Psychologists have ceased to use male-centered pronouns, but female and male psychologists continue to report, explain, and depict gender differences in androcentric ways.