Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Regulation of Algal Proteins and Bioactive Peptides Using Proteomic and Transcriptomic Approaches

Oceans abound in resources of various kinds for R&D and for commercial applications. Monitoring and bioprospecting allow the identification of an increasing number of key natural resources. Macroalgae are essential elements of marine ecosystems as well as a natural resource influenced by dynamic environmental factors. They are not only nutritionally attractive but have also demonstrated potential health benefits such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory activities. Several bioactive peptides have been observed following enzymatic hydrolysis of macroalgal proteins. In addition, significant differences in protein bioactivities and peptide extracts of wild and cultivated macroalgae have been highlighted, but the metabolic pathways giving rise to these bioactive molecules remain largely elusive. Surprisingly, the biochemistry that underlies the environmental stress tolerance of macroalgae has not been well investigated and remains poorly understood. Proteomic and functional genomic approaches based on identifying precursor proteins and bioactive peptides of macroalgae through integrated multi-omics analysis can give insights into their regulation as influenced by abiotic factors. These strategies allow evaluating the proteomics profile of regulation of macroalgae in response to different growth conditions as well as establishing a comparative transcriptome profiling targeting structural protein-coding genes. Elucidation of biochemical pathways in macroalgae could provide an innovative means of enhancing the protein quality of edible macroalgae. This could be ultimately viewed as a powerful way to drive the development of a tailored production and extraction of high value molecules. This review provides an overview of algal proteins and bioactive peptide characterization using proteomics and transcriptomic analyses.
Current Status of In Vitro Models and Assays for Susceptibility Testing for Wound Biofilm Infections

Biofilm infections have gained recognition as an important therapeutic challenge in the last several decades due to their relationship with the chronicity of infectious diseases. Studies of novel therapeutic treatments targeting infections require the development and use of models to mimic the formation and characteristics of biofilms within host tissues. Due to the diversity of reported in vitro models and lack of consensus, this review aims to provide a summary of in vitro models currently used in research. In particular, we review the various reported in vitro models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms due to its high clinical impact in chronic wounds and in other chronic infections. We assess advances in in vitro models that incorporate relevant multispecies biofilms found in infected wounds, such as P. aeruginosa with Staphylococcus aureus, and additional elements such as mammalian cells, simulating fluids, and tissue explants in an attempt to better represent the physiological conditions found at an infection site. It is hoped this review will aid researchers in the field to make appropriate choices in their proposed studies with regards to in vitro models and methods.
Information exchange interface between smart building and utility based on ontology mapping

With the development of the smart building, the consumer participation becomes more and more frequent in the electric power market transaction, which may cause the problem that information transmission from the smart building to the utility cannot be carried out smoothly due to the disharmony of different communication standards. As a possible solution to solve this problem, the information exchange interface between smart building and utility is presented based on ontology mapping in this paper. The communication service mapping between IEC61850 ACSI and OpenADR is implemented according to the similar operating functions and achieve the semantic interoperability in the different communication standards through ontology mapping. The mapping result is validated online through DISA-Map algorithm and the feasibility of the algorithm is tested by simulation.
Proportional fair rate allocation for private shared networks

In this paper, we consider fair privacy in a shared network subject to traffic analysis attacks by an eavesdropper. We initiate the study of the joint trade-off between privacy, throughput and delay in such a shared network as a utility fairness problem and derive the proportional fair rate allocation for networks of flows subject to privacy constraints and delay deadlines.
Safety of selective IL‐23p19 inhibitors for the treatment of psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic disease that requires long‐term treatment. Consequently, understanding the safety and tolerability of any potential treatment over time is critical to effective prescribing. The biologic agents currently available for the treatment of psoriasis target a number of different inflammatory cytokines involved in psoriasis disease pathogenesis. The monoclonal antibodies tildrakizumab, guselkumab and risankizumab target the p19 subunit that is specific to interleukin (IL)‐23. This article reviews published data on the safety of these IL‐23p19 inhibitors in patients with psoriasis compared with other currently available biologic therapies. Data from randomized, placebo‐ and active‐controlled phase 3 clinical trials show tildrakizumab, guselkumab and risankizumab to have a favourable risk–benefit profile in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. No significant safety concerns have been observed for any of these IL‐23p19 inhibitors in the data published to date. The most commonly reported adverse events (AEs) associated with these agents in phase 3 studies were upper respiratory tract infections. No increase was seen in rates of serious infections, malignancies or major adverse cardiovascular events, with no signals suggestive of an elevated risk of opportunistic infections, active tuberculosis or reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection, mucocutaneous Candida infections, triggering or worsening of inflammatory bowel disease, demyelinating disorders or suicidal ideation. Selectively targeting IL‐23p19 may help avoid AEs that have been associated with biologic agents with other mechanisms of action. Data from long‐term extension studies and patient registries will further establish the safety profile of IL‐23p19 inhibitors for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis in routine practice.
Maternal Complications and Hemodynamic Changes Following Intrauterine Interventions for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome in Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a challenging complication in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins. Intrauterine interventions, such as fetoscopic laser ablation and cord occlusion followed by amniodrainage, are established treatments. Little is known about maternal complications and hemodynamics following these interventions. We performed a retrospective analysis of maternal procedure-related complications and the impact of such procedures on maternal hemodynamics and blood characteristics. Within the study period, 100 women with severe TTTS treated by fetoscopic laser ablation (FLA) or cord occlusion (CO) were identified. Clinically relevant maternal complications were reported in four (4%) cases. There was a significant decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin between admission and postoperative measurements (all p < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as maternal heart rate, decreased from time of skin suture to postoperative measurements (all p < 0.001). Within a 24 h interval, there was a positive correlation between hematocrit (Spearman’s rho 0.325; p = 0.003), hemoglobin (Spearman’s rho 0.379; p < 0.001), and albumin (Spearman’s rho 0.360; p = 0.027), and the amount of amniodrainage during the intervention. Maternal procedure-related complications are relatively rare. Significant hemodynamic alterations and maternal hemodilution are common clinical findings following intrauterine interventions.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Parkinson’s Disease

Recent developments in brain imaging methods are on the verge of changing the evaluation of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This includes an assortment of techniques ranging from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to iron-sensitive methods such as T2*, as well as adiabatic methods R1ρ and R2ρ, resting-state functional MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using a multi-modality approach that ascertains different aspects of the pathophysiology or pathology of PD, it may be possible to better characterize disease phenotypes as well as provide a surrogate of disease and a potential means to track disease progression.
The Human-Animal Relationship in Australian Caged Laying Hens

Simple Summary Stockperson behaviour can influence fear of humans and welfare of farm animals. This study observed the human-animal relationship (HAR) in 19 Australian caged laying hen flocks to determine whether stockperson behaviour was associated with behavioural indicators of fear of humans and stress in caged laying hens. The average avoidance response of each flock toward an approaching human was assessed using two behavioural tests, and stress was measured using the concentration of corticosterone in an egg sample collected immediately prior to these observations. Stockperson behaviour was observed for 2 days in each flock and compared to hen fear. Unexpectedly, no relationships were found between the observed stockperson behaviour and avoidance of humans in the hens, but flocks were more productive when they showed less avoidance of humans, and when stockpeople made less noise in the laying house. This suggests that stockperson behaviour and hen fear may influence productivity, but there was no evidence that any effect of fear on productivity was caused by stockperson behaviour. Unexpectedly, the most fearful flocks also had the lowest stress levels. These results clearly need further research to be fully understood but could not confirm the existence of the HAR on caged egg farms in Australia. Abstract Studies on farm animals have shown relationships between stockperson attitudes and behaviour and farm animal fear, stress and productivity. This study investigated how the avoidance behaviour of Australian commercial caged laying hens may be related to stockperson behaviour, albumen corticosterone, and the number of weeks producing within 5% of peak egg production. Nineteen laying houses were assessed over 3 days. Fear of humans in hens, based on their avoidance response to an unfamiliar human, was assessed using two behavioural tests. Albumen corticosterone concentrations were measured from egg samples collected immediately prior to behavioural testing. Stockperson attitudes were assessed using a questionnaire and stockperson behaviour was observed over 2 days. Productivity records for each laying house were also obtained. The duration of peak production was negatively related to both noise made by the stockperson and hen avoidance. No relationship between stockperson behaviour or attitudes and hen avoidance was found, but stockpeople with negative attitudes made more noise. In conclusion, this study could not confirm a relationship between stockperson behaviour and hen avoidance behaviour for Australian caged laying hens. However, this study did confirm a relationship between hen avoidance behaviour, albumen corticosterone concentration, and the duration of peak egg production.
Controlling Gut Inflammation by Restoring Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by a dysregulated immune response against normal components of the intestinal microflora combined with defective functioning of anti-inflammatory pathways. Currently, all therapies approved for IBD manipulate the immune system by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mechanisms, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, gut-homing α4β7 integrin, interleukin-12/interleukin-23, and Janus kinases. However, some IBD patients are non-responders to these drugs, which are also associated with serious side effects. Thus, it has been hypothesized that therapies aimed at restoring anti-inflammatory signals, by exploiting the tolerogenic potential of cytokines (interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor), immune cells (regulatory T cells, tolerogenic dendritic cells), or mesenchymal stem cells, might offer promising results in terms of clinical efficacy with fewer side effects. In this review, we provide new insights into putative novel treatments aimed at restoring anti-inflammatory signaling pathways in IBD.
A set valued characterization of ISDS Lyapunov functions

We use set valued analysis techniques in order to characterize Lyapunov functions for the input–to–state dynamical stability (ISDS) property, a quantitatively sharper but qualitatively equivalent variant of the well known input-to–state stability (ISS) property. We show that the epigraphs of minimal ISDS Lyapunov functions are invariance kernels of a suitable augmented differential inclusion. This identity provides theoretical insight into local ISDS properties and yields a basis for a numerical approximation of ISDS and ISS Lyapunov functions via set oriented numerical methods.
Cloud representation in general‐circulation models over the northern Pacific Ocean: A EUROCS intercomparison study

The EUROCS (EUROpean Cloud Systems study) project aims to improve the treatment of cloud systems in regional and global climate and weather prediction models. This paper reports an intercomparison study of cloud representation over the Pacific Ocean for nine climate and weather prediction models. The study consists of an analysis of a June/July/August 1998 period along an idealized trajectory over the Pacific Ocean that encompasses both the ascending and descending branch of the Hadley circulation. The three cloud types that are studied by EUROCS, stratocumulus, shallow cumulus and deep‐convective cloud systems, do all occur in a persistent and geographically separated way, along this trajectory.
Risk factors for Burkitt lymphoma in East African children and minors: A case–control study in malaria‐endemic regions in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya

Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is the most common childhood cancer in sub‐Saharan African countries, however, few epidemiologic studies have been undertaken and none attempted enrolling cases from multiple countries. We therefore conducted a population‐based case–control study of eBL in children aged 0–15 years old in six regions in Northern Uganda, Northern Tanzania and Western Kenya, enrolling 862 suspected cases and 2,934 population controls (response rates 98.5–100%), and processing ~40,000 vials of samples using standardized protocols. Risk factor questionnaires were administered, and malaria period prevalence was measured using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). A total of 80.9% of the recruited cases were diagnosed as eBL; 61.4% confirmed by histology. Associations with eBL risk were computed using logistic regression models adjusted for relevant confounders. Associations common in at least two countries were emphasized. eBL risk was decreased with higher maternal income and paternal education and elevated with history of inpatient malaria treatment >12 months before enrollment. Reporting malaria‐attributed fever up to 6 months before enrollment and malaria‐RDT positivity at enrollment were associated with decreased eBL risk. Conversely, reporting exposure to mass malaria suppression programs (e.g., indoor residual insecticide) was associated with elevated risk. HIV seropositivity was associated with elevated eBL risk, but the relative impact was small. The study shows that it is feasible to conduct networked, multisite population‐based studies of eBL in Africa. eBL was inversely associated with socioeconomic status, positively associated with inpatient malaria treatment 12 months ago and with living in areas targeted for malaria suppression, which support a role of malaria in eBL.
Intercellular Communication between Hepatic Cells in Liver Diseases

Liver diseases are perpetuated by the orchestration of hepatocytes and other hepatic non-parenchymal cells. These cells communicate and regulate with each other by secreting mediators such as peptides, hormones, and cytokines. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small particles secreted from cells, contain proteins, DNAs, and RNAs as cargos. EVs have attracted recent research interests since they can communicate information from donor cells to recipient cells thereby regulating physiological events via delivering of specific cargo mediators. Previous studies have demonstrated that liver cells secrete elevated numbers of EVs during diseased conditions, and those EVs are internalized into other liver cells inducing disease-related reactions such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis. Reactions in recipient cells are caused by proteins and RNAs carried in disease-derived EVs. This review summarizes cell-to-cell communication especially via EVs in the pathogenesis of liver diseases and their potential as a novel therapeutic target.
Mosquito nuisance and control in the UK - A questionnaire-based survey of local authorities

As part of ongoing UK surveillance for invasive mosquitoes, and to understand better the incidence of mosquito nuisance in the UK, a questionnaire survey was carried out in 2009 across all UK local authority (LA) environmental health departments (responsible for mosquito control). Two-hundred and twenty-one LAs (64% return) completed the questionnaire and 57 LAs reported evidence of mosquito nuisance incidence in the last 10 years and 29 during the last 12 months. The most common mosquito species implicated were Culiseta annulata, Ochlerotatus detritus, Culex pipiens s.l. , Ochlerotatus cantans and Anopheles maculipennis s.l. There was no evidence of nuisance biting attributable to invasive species. Data are compared with previous similar surveys during the 1980s and 1990s, with evidence of more than a two-fold increase in nuisance reports to LAs over the last 10 years, compared to the same period prior to the 1996 survey. Data on mosquito submissions to a nationwide LA recording scheme (Mosquito Watch) are also presented. Despite the lack of evidence of invasive mosquitoes in the UK, endemic species remain a nuisance locally and LAs are encouraged to continue to retain mosquito control expertise and be alerted to the possible incursion of invasive mosquito species, as has occurred in other parts of Europe.
Does chlorhexidine mouthwash, with an anti‐discoloration system, reduce tooth surface discoloration without losing its efficacy? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX‐MW), with an anti‐discoloration system(ADS), is effective in preventing extrinsic tooth surface discoloration. Additionally, this paper seeks to evaluate whether CHX combined with an ADS maintains its efficacy with respect to reducing plaque and gingivitis scores. Material and methods MEDLINE‐PubMed and Cochrane‐Central were searched up to October 2018 to identify eligible studies. Papers evaluating the effect of CHX‐MW+ADS compared to CHX without an ADS were included. A descriptive analysis and when feasible a meta‐analysis was performed. Results Screening resulted in 13 eligible publications, presenting 16 comparisons. Six of these evaluated the MW in a non‐brushing model and ten as an adjunct to toothbrushing. A descriptive analysis demonstrated that the majority showed no differences in bleeding, gingivitis and plaque scores. This was confirmed by the meta‐analysis. In non‐brushing experiments, the difference‐of‐means (DiffM) for plaque scores was 0.10 (P = 0.45, 95%CI: [−0.15; 0.34]) and for the gingival index 0.04 (P = 0.15,95%CI: [−0.02; 0.11]). The DiffM in brushing studies for plaque scores was 0.01 (P = 0.29, 95%CI: [−0.01; 0.02]) and for the gingival index 0.00 (P = 0.87,95%CI: [−0.05; 0.06]). With respect to staining scores, the meta‐analysis revealed that in non‐brushing studies, the standardized mean difference was 3.19 (P = 0.0005,95%CI: [−3.98; −1.41]) while in brushing studies, the DiffM was 0.12 (P = 0.95,95%CI: [−3.32; 3.55]). Conclusion There is moderate quality evidence from non‐brushing studies that the addition of an ADS to CHX‐MW reduces tooth surface discoloration and does not appear to affect its properties with respect to gingival inflammation and plaque scores. In brushing studies, there is also moderate quality evidence that ADS does not affect the anti‐plaque and anti‐gingivitis efficacy of CHX. The majority of comparisons and the meta‐analysis including these indicate no significant effect of ADS on tooth staining in situations where the mouthwash is used in addition to toothbrushing.
Immuno-PET to Optimize the Dose of Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Therapy: How Much Is Enough?

unlabeled an immunoPET study with 89 Zr-labeled GSK2849330 anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER3) mAbs in 6 patients with HER3-positive tumors ( 8 ). Tumor and normal tissue uptake were evaluated and the effect of therapeutic doses of GSK2849330 mAbs (GlaxoSmithKline) on tumor uptake was assessed as an indicator of receptor occupancy. This report follows an earlier pre-clinical PET study in which 89 Zr-GSK2849330 mAbs (0.5 mg/kg; 5 MBq) were administered to mice with HER3-positive CHL-1 human melanoma xenografts or HER3-negative MIA-PaCa-2 human pancreatic tumors ( 9 ). In this earlier study, PET showed lower uptake of 89 Zr-GSK2849330 in MIA-PaCa-2 compared to CHL-1 tumors, and tumor uptake of 89 Zr-GSK2849330 was blocked by pre-administering a 100-fold excess of unlabeled GSK2849330 (50 mg/kg), revealing that tumor uptake was HER3 specific. An interesting finding in this preclinical study was that co-administration of increasing mass doses of unlabeled GSK2849330 (0.3-10 mg/kg) with 89 Zr-GSK2849330 (0.14 mg/kg) increased tumor uptake rather than decreased uptake, due to lower liver accumulation and a prolonged residence time of 89 Zr-GSK2849330 in the blood. This is an example of target mediated drug disposition (TMDD) characteristic of mAbs mediated by interaction of the Fc-domain of the mAbs with Fc γ -receptors on hepatocytes, causing non-linear pharmacokinetics which prolong circulation times at higher mass doses (10). TMDD is also be caused by interaction of mAbs with their target receptors on tumors and other tissues HER3-mediated internalization GSK2849330 Patlak inhibitory dose-50% (ID and ID of GSK2849330 for uptake 89 Zr-GSK2849330 uptake on PET in in tumor uptake of 89 following of tumor uptake Patlak