Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and Analysis of the First 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus from U.S. Feral Swine

The first case of pandemic H1N1 influenza (pH1N1) virus in feral swine in the United States was identified in Texas through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Wildlife Services’ surveillance program. Two samples were identified as pandemic influenza by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). Full‐genome Sanger sequencing of all eight influenza segments was performed. In addition, Illumina deep sequencing of the original diagnostic samples and their respective virus isolation cultures were performed to assess the feasibility of using an unbiased whole‐genome linear target amplification method and multiple sample sequencing in a single Illumina GAIIx lane. Identical sequences were obtained using both techniques. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all gene segments belonged to the pH1N1 (2009) lineage. In conclusion, we have identified the first pH1N1 isolate in feral swine in the United States and have demonstrated the use of an easy unbiased linear amplification method for deep sequencing of multiple samples.
In vivo and ex vivo imaging with ultrahigh resolution full-field OCT

Imaging of in vivo and ex vivo biological samples using full-field optical coherence tomography is demonstrated. Three variations on the original full-field optical coherence tomography instrument are presented, and evaluated in terms of performance. The instruments are based on the Linnik interferometer illuminated by a white light source. Images in the en face orientation are obtained in real-time without scanning by using a two-dimensional parallel detector array. An isotropic resolution capability better than 1 μm is achieved thanks to the use of a broad spectrum source and high numerical aperture microscope objectives. Detection sensitivity up to 90 dB is demonstrated. Image acquisition times as short as 10 μs per en face image are possible. A variety of in vivo and ex vivo imaging applications is explored, particularly in the fields of embryology, ophthalmology and botany.
Low-complexity Bandwidth Extension in MDCT domain for low-bitrate speech coding

We propose a low-complexity Bandwidth Extension (BWE) method operating in the Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) domain to reduce the bitrate of wideband and super-wideband speech codecs. The proposed method generates a high-frequency signal by copying the MDCT spectrum from the low frequency part, and then adjusts tonality to improve the subjective quality of the generated high-frequency signal. In combination with an MDCT-based transform codec, it requires only 64.9% of the computational complexity of MPEG-4 Spectral Band Replication (SBR). It also achieves subjective quality better than SBR for many speech samples.
Insights from mouse models of colitis

Emerging studies using mouse models of experimental colitis are defining the nature of the immunological disturbances that initiate inflammation and destruction of the intestine. A better understanding of disease‐promoting and ‐suppressing CD4+ T cells is providing insight into the mechanisms controlling immune responses within the intestinal compartment. Moreover, a role for distinct T cell populations, including intraepithelial γδT cells, in maintaining the physical integrity of the intestine was suggested by recent studies. Cytokine gene‐knockout mice and anti‐cytokine treatments remain important tools to define the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory functions of cytokines. These advances are fostering the design and evaluation of new therapeutic approaches that may eventually be applied to treat human inflammatory bowel disease. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 267–278; 2000.
The stress state analysis of the high performance heat exchanger

W artykule przedstawiono metodyk ę oceny stanu wyt ężenia konstrukcji wysokosprawnego wymiennika ciepła z o żebrowanymi rurami eliptycznymi. Omówiono sposób oblicze ń cieplnych z użyciem metody obj ętości skończonych oraz wskazano miejsca konstrukcji wysokosprawnego wymiennika ciepła, w których prawdopodobie ństwo pęknięcia rurek na skutek przekroczenia napręż eń dopuszczalnych jest najwi ększe.
Influence of Natural American Spirit advertising on current and former smokers’ perceptions and intentions

Objective This study sought to demonstrate causal effects of exposure to Natural American Spirit (NAS) advertising content on misinformed beliefs of current and former smokers, and to empirically establish these beliefs as a mechanism driving intentions to use NAS. Methods Our study employed a randomised experimental design with 1128 adult daily, intermittent and former smokers. We compared participants who were exposed to NAS advertisements or claims made in the advertisements with those in a no-message control group to test the effects of NAS advertising content on inaccurate beliefs about NAS and attitudes and intentions towards the product. Results One-way analysis of variance revealed that exposure to NAS advertisements produced inaccurate beliefs about the composition of NAS cigarettes among current and former smokers (p<0.05). Planned contrasts indicated a compilation of arguments taken directly from NAS advertisements resulted in significantly greater beliefs that NAS cigarettes are healthier/safer than other cigarettes (for former smokers, t(472)=3.63, p<0.001; for current smokers, t(644)=2.86, p=0.004), demonstrating that suggestive claims used in the brand’s marketing have effects on beliefs not directly addressed in the advertisements. Regression and mediation analyses showed that health-related beliefs predict attitudes towards NAS for current and former smokers, and mediate intentions to use NAS. Conclusions The findings of this study provide causal support for the need for further regulatory action to address the potentially harmful ramifications of claims used in NAS advertising.
Influence of previous open synovectomy on the outcome of Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis.

OBJECTIVES Open synovectomy of the elbow joint is often performed in early stages of rheumatoid arthritis. Because of poor long-term results after synovectomy, insertion of a total elbow prosthesis is commonly used as a secondary procedure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of previous synovectomy on the outcome after placement of a total elbow prosthesis. METHODS We inserted 204 primary Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prostheses for rheumatoid arthritis. Two groups could be distinguished: group A with previous synovectomy 3.9 yr (mean) before the elbow replacement (n = 33) and group B without previous synovectomy (n = 171). The mean follow-up was 5.8 yr for group A and 6.3 yr for group B. All patients were assessed clinically and radiologically before the operation, 1 and 2 years later and then at regular intervals. The effect of previous synovectomy was analysed via a Cox model and a generalized linear mixed model for binomial data with multivariate normal random effects. RESULTS No statistically significant effect of previous synovectomy on pain, function or complaints of the ulnar nerve could be found post-operatively. The post-operative flexion was significantly higher in group B than in group A. The complication-rates were similar for both groups. The overall survival rate for respectively group A and B with revision as endpoint was 66.9% (s.e. 13.4) versus 79.6 (s.e. 4.3) after 10 yr. CONCLUSIONS Previous synovectomy does not diminish the outcome after total elbow prosthesis in this series and could therefore be considered in early, painful stages of rheumatoid destruction of the elbow joint.
Effects of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan, on residual renal function in patients on CAPD.

BACKGROUND Both residual renal function and blood pressure (BP) control contribute to patient survival in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). It is unknown whether antihypertensive drugs affect residual renal function in addition to BP reduction. METHODS We examined the effects of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan, on residual renal function and total clearance (renal and peritoneal) in 34 Japanese CAPD patients from 3 months to 2 years after the start of dialysis therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to valsartan (n = 18; age, 63.5 +/- 3.7 years; 11 men, 7 women) or a control group (n = 16; age, 63.5 +/- 3.3 years; 10 men, 6 women). Conventional antihypertensive treatment was continued in all patients to achieve the target BP in both groups of 130/80 mm Hg or less, measured at home. RESULTS BP reduction was similar in the valsartan and control groups. Valsartan significantly slowed the progressive decline in both residual renal function (3.2 +/- 0.3 to 4.3 +/- 0.7 mL/min/1.73 m2) and total clearance (42.1 +/- 3.2 to 48.3 +/- 4.8 L/wk/1.73 m2) by dialysis in CAPD patients compared with controls (5.9 +/- 0.5 to 2.8 +/- 0.4 mL/min/1.73 m2; 47.1 +/- 4.8 to 31.4 +/- 5.2 L/wk/1.73 m2). CONCLUSION This study shows that in patients with hypertension starting CAPD therapy, valsartan slows the decline in residual renal function and contributes to maintenance of weekly creatinine clearance and Kt/V (fraction per dialysis), which are the major factors contributing to the mortality and morbidity of CAPD patients. This effect appears to be mostly a result of maintaining residual renal function.
Clock-tree power optimization based on RTL clock-gating

As power consumption of the clock tree in modern VLSI designs tends to dominate, measures must be taken to keep it under control. This paper introduces an approach for reducing clock power based on clock gating. We present a methodology that, starting from an RTL description, automatically generates a set of constraints for driving the construction of the clock tree by the clock synthesis tool. The methodology has been fully integrated into an industry-strength design flow, based on Synopsys DesignCompiler (front-end) and Cadence Silicon Ensemble (back-end). The power savings achieved on some industrial examples show that, when the size of the circuits is significant, savings on the power consumption of the clock tree are up to 75% larger than those achieved by applying traditional clock gating at the clock inputs of the RTL modules of the designs.
The safety of acupuncture during pregnancy: a systematic review

Objective Although there is a growing interest in the use of acupuncture during pregnancy, the safety of acupuncture is yet to be rigorously investigated. The objective of this review is to identify adverse events (AEs) associated with acupuncture treatment during pregnancy. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) and five Korean databases up to February 2013. Reference lists of relevant articles were screened for additional reports. Studies were included regardless of their design if they reported original data and involved acupuncture needling and/or moxibustion treatment for any conditions in pregnant women. Studies of acupuncture for delivery, abortion, assisted reproduction or postpartum conditions were excluded. AE data were extracted and assessed in terms of severity and causality, and incidence was determined. Results Of 105 included studies, detailed AEs were reported only in 25 studies represented by 27 articles (25.7%). AEs evaluated as certain, probable or possible in the causality assessment were all mild/moderate in severity, with needling pain being the most frequent. Severe AEs or deaths were few and all considered unlikely to have been caused by acupuncture. Total AE incidence was 1.9%, and the incidence of AEs evaluated as certainly, probably or possibly causally related to acupuncture was 1.3%. Conclusions Acupuncture during pregnancy appears to be associated with few AEs when correctly applied.
The New Epidemiology of Celiac Disease

ABSTRACT The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) varies greatly, but several reports have shown that CD is increasing in frequency in different geographic areas. The increase in prevalence can be partially attributed to the improvement in diagnostic techniques and disease awareness; however the equally well documented rise in incidence in the last 30–40 years cannot be so easily explained. The new epidemiology of CD is now characterized by an increase of new cases in the historical CD areas (northern Europe and the United States) and more interestingly in a spread of the disease in new regions (Asian countries). A significant change in diet habits, particularly in gluten consumption as well as in infant feeding patterns are probably the main factors that can account for these new trends in CD epidemiology.
Mobile Application Development

/Purpose This policy provides guidelines on how an entity at the University can work with Information Technology and University Communications to publish a mobile app to the various mobile device platforms. Key elements of the policy • Regular check-­‐ins during development • IT review before branding • University Communications branding review • Party sign-­‐off before submission • Clear indication to UMIT regarding desired timeline for deployment Summary of timelines • UM unit must notify IT of its intent to publish an app, at least four weeks before desired launch date • UM unit must ensure developer provides a submission ready (beta) test build to IT at least two weeks before desired launch date • IT reserves two business days for review process
Generating, benchmarking and simulating production schedules: From formalisation to real problems

Production scheduling has attracted the interest of production economics communities for decades, but there is still a gap between academic research, real-world problems, operations research and simulation. Genetic Algorithms (GA) represent a technique that has already been applied to a variety of combinatorial problems. Simulation can be used to find a solution to problems through repetitive simulation runs or to prove a solution computed by an optimization algorithm. We will explain the application of two special GAs for job-shop and resource-constrained project scheduling problems trying to bridge the gap between problem solving by algorithm and by simulation. Possible goals for scheduling problems are to minimize the makespan of a production program or to increase the due-date reliability of jobs or possibly any goal which can be described in a mathematical expression. The approach focuses on integrating a GA into a commercial software product and verifying the results with simulation.
Influence of Chloride Solution Concentration on Deicer Salt Scaling Deterioration of Concrete

To analyze the influence of the chloride solution concentration on the deicer salt scaling deterioration of concrete, three concrete mixes with water-cement ratios of 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45 were prepared and cured in a saturated lime solution for 180 days. At the end of the curing period, all concrete specimens were dried at 20 deg C and 50% relative humidity for 3 weeks. For each concrete mix, a first series of specimens was resaturated with chloride solutions at various concentrations in the 0-12% range. Another series of specimens was resaturated with pure water. After a 3-week resaturation period, all concrete specimens were tested in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C 672. The specimens resaturated with a chloride solution were tested with the same solution on the surface. The specimens resaturated with water were tested with chloride solutions at different concentrations (always in the 0-12% range). In addition, the pore-structure characteristics of each concrete mix were investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry, and low-temperature calorimetry was used to measure ice formation after the drying-resaturation treatment. The test results indicate that low chloride concentrations in the 2-4% range always produce more scaling, irrespective of the water-cement ratio. No significant difference was found between the specimens resaturated with a chloride solution and those resaturated with water. According to these results, it is the concentration of the outer solution that has the highest influence on the scaling mechanisms.
A method for determining accident specific crush stiffness coefficients

The CRASH3 computer program increasingly is being used by engineers as a tool to reconstruct automobile accidents. The damage analysis portion of CRASH3 provides a useful means for quantifying the change of velocity, ∆V , that was experienced by a vehicle during the collision phase of a traffic accident. The degree of usefulness of the damage analysis portion of the program, however, is dependent upon the availability of valid crush stiffness coefficients. Published crush stiffness coefficients are available for a large number of vehicles [1] & [2]. These publications, however, contain only a limited number of coefficients that describe the stiffness characteristics of the side structure of vehicles. Engineers are often asked to perform an accident reconstruction when there are neither published stiffness coefficients for the side structure of an involved vehicle nor crash test data from which to determine the stiffness. Such a collision usually involves the front end structure of a striking "bullet" vehicle and the side structure of a left turning "target" vehicle. If stiffness coefficients are available for the bullet vehicle, then it may be possible to determine accident-specific stiffness coefficients for the target vehicle. A method is presented in this paper that will allow a determination of accident-specific crush stiffness coefficients for target vehicles. The method is based in theory on the CRASH3 damage algorithm. Intrinsic to * The numbers in the brackets refer to references listed at the end of the paper. the CRASH3 damage algorithm is Newton's Third Law of Motion that states that the forces of action and reaction between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and collinear. The collision force exerted on the bullet vehicle is calculated based upon its known stiffness characteristics and the magnitude of its residual crush. The collision force exerted on the target vehicle is set equal to the calculated collision force of the bullet vehicle. Next the damage offset speed, b0 , of the target vehicle structure is estimated. An estimation of the damage offset speed is required when mathematically determining the CRASH3 stiffness coefficients, A and B [3]. The estimated damage offset speed is then used, with the calculated collision force, to determine the accidentspecific stiffness coefficients of the target vehicle. "Hard spots" such as wheel assemblies can be taken into account during this estimation. The stiffness coefficients determined by this method will be based on the complex circumstances of the specific traffic accident. As a result, the stiffness coefficients determined for target vehicles involved in different accidents may not be based on a common and/or constant set of parameters. These stiffness coefficients, therefore, should be considered valid only for the specific accident.
Chitosan Prevents Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via a Carbonyl Stress-Dependent Pathway

Aminoglycosides are widely used to treat infections; however, their applications are limited by nephrotoxicity. With the increase of antibiotic resistance, the use of aminoglycosides is inevitable. Low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC) has shown renal protective effects in dialysis patients. However, no study has evaluated LMWC for preventing aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity or determined the mechanisms underlying the renal protective effects. In this study, LMWC (165 or 825 mg/kg/day) or metformin (100 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 13 days to rats with nephropathy induced by gentamicin (GM), a kind of aminoglycoside (150 mg/kg/day i.p. for 6 days). Both LMCW doses improved renal function. Serum creatinine levels improved in rats treated with 165 and 825 mg/kg/day LMWC (from 2.14 ± 0.74 mg/dL to 1.26 ± 0.46 mg/dL and 0.69 ± 0.12 mg/dL, resp., P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen levels were also improved in these rats (from 73.73 ± 21.13 mg/dL to 58.70 ± 22.71 mg/dL and 28.82 ± 3.84 mg/dL, resp., P < 0.05). Additionally, renal tissue morphology improved after LMWC treatment, and accumulation of renal methylglyoxal, a damage factor associated with carbonyl stress, was reversed. These results show that LMWC prevents GM-induced renal toxicity via a carbonyl stress-dependent pathway.
Fractional Formula Description of Angle-interlock Woven Fabric Construction

This article presents a simplified method, known as a fractional formula description, to describe the angle-interlock woven fabric construction. According to the interweaving between warp and weft yarns in multi-layered angle-interlock fabric, the construction of the angle-interlock fabric is represented by a fractional formula to illustrate the interweave rule of a warp yarn in a unit cell. Furthermore, this article also gives an extended method to apply the fractional formula to the multilayered angle-interlock fabric design. From the discussion of the fractional formula description method, it is proven that the description method is more efficient and valid for the representation and design of angle-interlock woven fabric construction and fabric design, especially for the computer-aided design (CAD) of multilayered angle-interlock woven fabric.
Atomic gold–enabled three-dimensional lithography for silicon mesostructures

Complex shapes from chemical lithography Lithographic printing of semi-conductors builds up complex patterns one layer at a time. The process involves multiple steps to mask, print, and etch each layer. Luo et al. tweaked the same process used to grow silicon nanowires to pattern them into complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes. Gold acted as a catalyst to grow and elongate silicon nanowires from the vapor phase. Varying the pressure of the growth process altered the rate of gold diffusion along the surface of the wire. Upon etching the wires, the non-uniform coating of gold acted as a lithographic mask. The authors were thus able to make complex-shaped silicon spicules with a series of ridges and notches by strictly chemical means. Science, this issue p. 1451 Diffusively patterned gold atoms are coated on silicon as a way to chemically pattern complex shapes. Three-dimensional (3D) mesostructured semiconductors show promising properties and applications; however, to date, few methods exist to synthesize or fabricate such materials. Metal can diffuse along semiconductor surfaces, and even trace amounts can change the surface behavior. We exploited the phenomena for 3D mesoscale lithography, by showing one example where iterated deposition-diffusion-incorporation of gold over silicon nanowires forms etchant-resistant patterns. This process is facet-selective, producing mesostructured silicon spicules with skeletonlike morphology, 3D tectonic motifs, and reduced symmetries. Atom-probe tomography, coupled with other quantitative measurements, indicates the existence and the role of individual gold atoms in forming 3D lithographic resists. Compared to other more uniform silicon structures, the anisotropic spicule requires greater force for detachment from collagen hydrogels, suggesting enhanced interfacial interactions at the mesoscale.
A low-power regulator for display driver IC requiring a moderate current drivability

In this paper, two feedback schemes, pulse skip mode and linear mode, have been analyzed in build-in-capacitor Dickson charge pumps for moderate current drivability. It is proved that the linear mode regulator has its speed constraint in high-frequency operations, where the pulse skip mode one wins. This paper takes Dickson charge pump with less than 400 μA load as an example. When a simple pulse skip control was used, only 8 μA current was consumed and the output ripples of smaller than 10 mV were obtained for all the load conditions and for a wide input-voltage range.