Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Ambulatory 7-Day ECG Monitoring for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter After Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Background and Purpose— Although atrial fibrillation is the most frequent cause of cardioembolic stroke, this arrhythmia remains underdiagnosed, as it is often asymptomatic or intermittent and, thus, may not be detected on standard 12-lead ECG or even 24-hour ECG recording (Holter). In this study, we hypothesized that 7-day ambulatory ECG monitoring using an event-loop recording (ELR) device would detect otherwise occult episodes atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) after acute stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods— One hundred forty-nine consecutive patients admitted to our neurology department with an acute stroke or TIA were systematically screened for emboligenic arrhythmias using standard ECG. In the absence of AF on standard ECG, patients underwent 24-hour ECG recording (Holter), which was followed by a 7-day ambulatory ECG monitoring (ELR) in patients with a normal Holter. Patients with previously documented persistent AF, with primary hemorrhagic stroke, or with acute large vessel dissection were not included in the study. Results— AF was detected in 22 patients. Standard ECG identified AF in 2.7% of the cases at admission (4/149 patients) and in 4.1% of remaining patients within 5 days (6/145). Holter disclosed AF in 5% of patients with a normal standard ECG (7/139 patients), whereas ELR detected AF in 5.7% of patients with a normal standard ECG and normal Holter (5/88 patients). Conclusions— Following acute stroke or TIA, ELR identified patients with AF, which remained undetected with standard ECG and with Holter. ELR should, therefore, be considered in every patient in whom a cardioembolic mechanism is suspected.
Evaluating the potential of sentinel-2, landsat-8, and irs satellite images in tree species classification of hyrcanian forest of iran using random forest

ABSTRACT Spatially explicit information on tree species composition of any forest provides valuable information to forest managers as well as to nature conservationists. In this study, the potential of three spaceborne sensors: (1) Landsat-8, (2) Sentinel-2, and (3) IRS-Pansharpened were compared by applying Random Forest (RF) classification algorithms to classify the three most common tree species: Pinus taeda, Alnus spp. , and Populus spp. , in Hyrcanian forest of Iran. Three RF models with optimized parameters of mtry and ntree were used for the classification of trees species. Based on our Overall Accuracy (OA) and Kappa Coefficient (KC) analysis, IRS-Pansharpened data showed the highest accuracy (OA = 84.9% and KC = 79.7%), followed by Landsat-8 (OA = 78.2% and KC = 70.6%), and Sentinel-2 (OA = 77% and KC = 70%). According to the Mean Decrease in Accuracy (MDA) criterion delivered as an output of RF, the near-IR spectral band was found on the top rank (high variable importance) as compared to all other spectral bands for tree species classification. The findings of this study can be used by the researcher, forest managers, economists and policy and decision makers in the context of sustainable forest management of Hyrcanian forest resources.
Alternative electron transfer pathways in iron-metabolising bacteria

Ferric iron (Fe3+) can be used as a terminal electron acceptor by iron-reducing microorganisms to facilitate cellular respiration under anoxic conditions. In contrast, ferrous iron (Fe2+) is used as an electron donor by iron-oxidising microorganisms. The presence of dissimilatory pathways in iron metabolisers maintain bioavailable iron in the environment for other organisms. Redox reactions between gram-negative bacteria and iron usually occur through an extracellular electron transport (EET) pathway that allows electrons to cross from the inner membrane to the extracellular environment or vice versa. The study of the redox pathway has been thoroughly studied in the iron reducer Shewanella oneidensis, however, there is little information about the metabolic pathways used by other iron metabolisers. In this thesis, the environmental isolates Acinetobacter and Citrobacter have been described as novel iron reducing bacteria by using a combination of techniques including ferrozine assays, cytochrome identification methods and transcriptomic analysis. Results in this thesis suggest that Acinetobacter (previously described as a strict aerobic microorganism) in fact is capable of respiring using iron when oxygen is not available. In contrast, Citrobacter’s iron reduction pathway seems to involve fermentative processes. These results point out that extracellular electron transport is not the only mechanism in dissimilatory iron metabolism. Moreover, these results suggest that anaerobic environments could be a reservoir for pathogenic strains of Acinetobacter, as it has been shown that this species do not require oxygen to survive. In addition to the study of new iron reducers, an overexpression system has been developed to study proteins involved in metal oxidation pathways without the need of culturing the notoriously slow-growing iron oxidising bacteria. The genes cyc2 and cyc2PV-1, which encode outer membranes cytochromes from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Mariprofundus ferrooxydans respectively, have been transformed into the iron reducer Shewanella oneidensis for protein expression optimization. The optimization of this process offers great possibility for the future study and applications of metal oxidation pathways.
Microvessel organization and structure in experimental brain tumors: microvessel populations with distinctive structural and functional properties.

We studied microvessel organization in five brain tumor models (ENU, MSV, RG-2, S635cl15, and D-54MG) and normal brain, including microvessel diameter (LMVD), intermicrovessel distance (IMVD), microvessel density (MVD), surface area (S(v)), and orientation. LMVD and IMVD were larger and MVD was lower in tumors than normal brain. S(v) in tumors overlapped normal brain values and orientation was random in both tumors and brain. ENU and RG-2 tumors and brain were studied by electron microscopy. Tumor microvessel wall was thicker than that of brain. ENU and normal brain microvessels were continuous and nonfenestrated. RG-2 microvessels contained fenestrations and endothelial gaps; the latter had a maximum major axis of 3.0 microm. Based on anatomic measurements, the pore area of RG-2 tumors was estimated at 7.4 x 10(-6) cm(2) g(-1) from fenestrations and 3.5 x 10(-5) cm(2) g(-1) from endothelial gaps. Increased permeability of RG-2 microvessels to macromolecules is most likely attributable to endothelial gaps. Three microvessel populations may occur in brain tumors: (1) continuous nonfenestrated, (2) continuous fenestrated, and (3) discontinuous (with or without fenestrations). The first group may be unique to brain tumors; the latter two are similar to microvessels found in systemic tumors. Since structure-function properties of brain tumor microvessels will affect drug delivery, studies of microvessel function should be incorporated into clinical trials of brain tumor therapy, especially those using macromolecules.
Integrin alpha5beta1 and fibronectin regulate polarized cell protrusions required for Xenopus convergence and extension.

BACKGROUND Integrin recognition of fibronectin is required for normal gastrulation including the mediolateral cell intercalation behaviors that drive convergent extension and the elongation of the frog dorsal axis; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. RESULTS We report that depletion of fibronectin with antisense morpholinos blocks both convergent extension and mediolateral protrusive behaviors in explant preparations. Both chronic depletion of fibronectin and acute disruptions of integrin alpha5beta1 binding to fibronectin increases the frequency and randomizes the orientation of polarized cellular protrusions, suggesting that integrin-fibronectin interactions normally repress frequent random protrusions in favor of fewer mediolaterally oriented ones. In the absence of integrin alpha5beta1 binding to fibronectin, convergence movements still occur but result in convergent thickening instead of convergent extension. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a role for integrin signaling in regulating the protrusive activity that drives axial extension. We hypothesize that the planar spatial arrangement of the fibrillar fibronectin matrix, which delineates tissue compartments within the embryo, is critical for promoting productive oriented protrusions in intercalating cells.
A combined calibration of 2D and 3D sensors a novel calibration for laser triangulation sensors based on point correspondences

In this paper we describe a 2D/3D vision sensor, which consists of a laser triangulation sensor and matrix colour camera. The outcome of this sensor is the fusion of the 3D data delivered from the laser triangulation sensor and the colour information of the matrix camera in the form of a coloured point cloud. For this reason a novel calibration method for the laser triangulation sensor was developed, which makes it possible to use one common calibration object for both cameras and provides their relative spatial position. A sensor system with a SICK Ranger E55 profile scanner and a DALSA Genie color camera was set up to test the calibration in terms of the quality of the match between the color information and the 3D point cloud.
Mapping Eye-Movement Patterns to the Visual Scene in Driving: An Exploratory Study1

Eye movements of eight drivers were filmed as the drivers traveled on a local expressway at 50 mi. per hour. Search and scan patterns of the drivers became more compact and the center of location shifted down and to the left as the drivers became more familiar with the route. The center of the final pattern was located above the right road edge marker and slightly higher than the horizon. The task of car following appeared to induce greater visual workload as indicated by increased sampling rates of lane markers and greater visual travel distances to examine road signs and other traffic. The search and scan patterns verified that the peripheral area of the eye is used for monitoring lane position, other vehicles, and road signs so that the fovea may be directed for a closer examination when the situation demands it.
A Game-Theoretic Account of Collaboration in Communication

Natural systems of communication are efficient in the sense that a single message can convey different semantic contents in different contexts. The robust disambiguation required for this efficiency is accounted for in game-theoretic terms, based on the fact that communication is inherently collaborative in the sense that both the sender and the receiver of a message basically want that the receiver interprets the message to mean the semantic content that the sender intended, even if either party may be unsincere. Both parties are motivated to share the context of communication, which renders an occasion of communication an n-person game, and the optimal encoding of contents by messages is obtained as an equilibrium maximizing the sum of the agents’ expected utilities over the whole context. Some heuristics concerning natural language anaphora are demonstrated to follow from this account.
Characterization of the immune mediator of rapid expulsion of Trichinella spiralis in suckling rats.

In order to identify and characterize the mediator(s) of rapid expulsion, infant rats were passively immunized against oral challenge with 200 infectious Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae by oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of secretions or sera from infected rats. Milk whey from infected dams provided a modest level of protection when fed to pups. Immunoglobulins from T. spiralis-infected rat serum protected suckling pups when injected intravenously (i.v.) into lactating dams 2 days prior to pup challenge. Intraperitoneal injection of pups with serum immunoglobulins also enabled them to express rapid expulsion. The protective component of serum was precipitated with 40% (NH4)2SO4 and was not affected by heating to 56 degrees, although antibodies mediating passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were inactivated by both treatments. Oral transfer of biliary immunoglobulins collected from infected rats at various times during a primary infection provided no protection to pups. However, serum immunoglobulins from rats infected for 42 days or longer transferred rapid expulsion to pups. Absorption of protective serum immunoglobulins with subclass-specific reagents revealed that IgG1 played a significant role in protection.
Motivational Patterns and the Performance of Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study of Women Entrepreneurs in South-West Nigeria

Over the years many research works have examined the motivation of women into entrepreneurship. Evidence has shown that several factors have been responsible for womenâ€™s involvement in entrepreneurship. These factors have multiple effects on the enterprise, irrespective of its ownership and control. Therefore, the main thrust of this paper is to examine different dimensions of motivation and their relationship with the performance of women entrepreneurs in South-West Nigeria. Both primary and secondary sources were used in gathering the data required for this paper. The instrument of questionnaire was used in conducting this research. The models of correlation coefficient and chi-square were used in analyzing the questionnaire collected from the respondents. The results show that there is positive relationship between motivational factors and the performance of women entrepreneurs in South-West Nigeria. Among other things, it was recommended that irrespective of the factor(s) that motivate women entrepreneurs into business, there is need for them to go for training and other capacity building programme so as to be equipped with the required skills for running their businesses.
Understanding and Mitigating Bee Drownings in Open Feeders

Background We conducted a preliminary trial to train free flying honey bees (Apis mellifera) to associate a flower scent with a sugar water reward. The preliminary trial involved placing beehives in tents and holding bees in tents until they could be marked and released outdoors to study their ability to locate sugar water rewards by following olfactory cues (Vyas & Plunkett, 2019). Several types of sugar water feeders were considered for feeding bees housed in tents. In-hive, entrance, and external hive-top feeders were disqualified because the training required that bees fly from the hive to the sugar water. Instead, we used plastic food storage containers as open feeders for sugar water. The plastic containers satisfied our criteria for feeder selection: small cost, ease of cleaning with soap and water and permitted visual monitoring of the number of bees on the feeder throughout the day.
Automatic Learning Image Objects via Incremental Model

A well-built dataset is a necessary starting point for advanced computer vision research. It plays a crucial role in evaluation and provides a continuous challenge to state of the art algorithms. Dataset collection is, however, a tedious and time-consuming task. This paper presents a novel automatic dataset collecting and model learning approach that uses object recognition techniques in an incremental method. The goal of this work is to use the tremendous resources of the web to learn robust object category models in order to detect and search for objects in real-world cluttered scenes. It mimics the human learning process of iteratively accumulating model knowledge and image examples. We adapt a non-parametric graphical model and propose an incremental learning framework. Our algorithm is capable of automatically collecting much larger object category datasets for 22 randomly selected classes from the Caltech 101 dataset. Furthermore, we offer not only more images in each object category dataset, but also a robust object model and meaningful image annotation. Our experiments show that OPTIMOL is capable of collecting image datasets that are superior to Caltech 101 and Label Me.
Alfentanil‐Induced Epileptiform Activity: A Simultaneous Surface and Depth Electroencephalographic Study in Complex Partial Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: Alfentanil is a high potency mu opiate receptor agonist commonly used during presurgical induction of anesthesia. This and other opiate receptor agonists have demonstrated proconvulsant effects in animals, but these properties have been less consistently demonstrated in humans. Most human scalp EEG studies have failed to demonstrate induction of epileptiform activity with these agents, which is inconsistent with findings using intracranial EEG. Simultaneous scalp and depth EEG recordings have yet to be performed in this setting. The relationship between opiate dose and proconvulsant activity is unclear.
Online data fusion

The Web contains a significant volume of structured data in various domains, but a lot of data are dirty and erroneous, and they can be propagated through copying. While data integration techniques allow querying structured data on the Web, they take the union of the answers retrieved from different sources and can thus return conflicting information. Data fusion techniques, on the other hand, aim to find the true values, but are designed for offline data aggregation and can take a long time. This paper proposes Solaris, the first online data fusion system. It starts with returning answers from the first probed source, and refreshes the answers as it probes more sources and applies fusion techniques on the retrieved data. For each returned answer, it shows the likelihood that the answer is correct, and stops retrieving data for it after gaining enough confidence that data from the unprocessed sources are unlikely to change the answer. We address key problems in building such a system and show empirically that the system can start returning correct answers quickly and terminate fast without sacrificing the quality of the answers.
Pemphigus vulgaris: a multidisciplinary approach to management

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare but potentially life-threatening autoimmune disease affecting the mucosa and the skin. The disease is caused by circulating antibodies to desmosomes (important adhesion proteins linking cells together). Disruption of these intercellular connections results in a loss of cohesion between cells (acantholysis). The clinical result of this process is the development of multiple blisters that easily rupture, leaving behind painful sloughing eroded areas of mucosa and/or skin. We report a case of severe PV in a 56-year-old man presenting with widespread, painful, eroded mucocutaneous lesions. The severity of the disease demanded a range of medical and surgical specialties to successfully manage the problem. This paper highlights the importance of an early multidisciplinary team approach to improve the outcome of patients suffering with this disease.
Visionary: A Visual Query Language Based on the User Viewpoint Approach

Query languages for RDBMSs lack in intuitive understanding; this precludes inexperienced users from taking advantage of them. The adoption of a visual interface can simplify the query formulation process by enabling users to interact with a friendly environment. In this work we propose a visual query language based on a hybrid iconic-diagrammatic paradigm, used for both data and query representation. The external data model is called vision and comprises the visual primitives of concept represented by the combination of text and icon, and association represented by a name and a multiplicity for each possible orientation. The external query model is based on the definition of a user viewpoint, which is a perspective for accessing data defined dynamically by selecting a concept of primary interest for formulating each query.
Comparison of Test Methodologies for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A Vaccine Matching

ABSTRACT Vaccination has been one of the most important interventions in disease prevention and control. The impact of vaccination largely depends on the quality and suitability of the chosen vaccine. To determine the suitability of a vaccine strain, antigenic matching is usually studied by in vitro analysis. In this study, we performed three in vitro test methods to determine which one gives the lowest variability and the highest discriminatory capacity. Binary ethylenimine inactivated vaccines, prepared from 10 different foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype A strains, were used to vaccinate cattle (5 animals for each strain). The antibody titers in blood serum samples 3 weeks postvaccination (w.p.v.) were determined by a virus neutralization test, neutralization index test, and liquid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The titers were then used to calculate relationship coefficient (r1) values. These r1 values were compared to the genetic lineage using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In the two neutralization test methods, the median titers observed against the test strains differed considerably, and the sera of the vaccinated animals did not always show the highest titers against their respective homologous virus strains. When the titers were corrected for test strain effect (scaling), the variability (standard error of the mean per vaccinated group) increased because the results were on a different scale, but the discriminatory capacity improved. An ROC analysis of the r1 value calculated on both observed and scaled titers showed that only r1 values of the liquid-phase blocking ELISA gave a consistent statistically significant result. Under the conditions of the present study, the liquid-phase blocking ELISA showed less variation and still had a higher discriminatory capacity than the other tests.
Generierung maßgeschneiderter Relationenschemata in Softwareproduktlinien mittels Superimposition

Zusammenfassung Die Erstellung eines individuellen Programms aus einer Softwareproduktlinie (Programmfamilie) erfordert auf Anwendungsund Datenbankseite einen speziell angepassten und aufeinander abgestimmten Funktionsumfang. Die Modellierung masgeschneiderter Relationenschemata stellt z.B. aufgrund der grosen Anzahl an Programmen, die aus einer Produktlinie erstellt werden konnen, eine Herausforderung dar. Wir prasentieren einen Losungsvorschlag zur Modellierung und Generierung von masgeschneiderten Relationenschemata mittels Superimposition. Wir zeigen anhand einer realen, produktiv eingesetzten Fallstudie welche Vorteile unser Ansatz in den Bereichen Wartung und Weiterentwicklung erzeugt und welche Herausforderungen beispielsweise durch redundant definierte Schemaelemente existieren.