Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyberworld Cybernetic Art Model for Shared Communications

The Cyberworlds concepts has started as a network of virtual worlds is rapidly increasing to interactive environments of communications. The goals in this study are to propose a semantic online model of cyberworld, based on previous definition of the metaplastic visual language codification. The project includes an example of the meta-plastic application for web shared communications. The paper explains more precisely the theoretical and artistic background of metaplastic virtual worlds evolution, from their cybernetic archetypes to their new definition.
SVM-Based Synthetic Fingerprint Discrimination Algorithm and Quantitative Optimization Strategy

Synthetic fingerprints are a potential threat to automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFISs). In this paper, we propose an algorithm to discriminate synthetic fingerprints from real ones. First, four typical characteristic factors—the ridge distance features, global gray features, frequency feature and Harris Corner feature—are extracted. Then, a support vector machine (SVM) is used to distinguish synthetic fingerprints from real fingerprints. The experiments demonstrate that this method can achieve a recognition accuracy rate of over 98% for two discrete synthetic fingerprint databases as well as a mixed database. Furthermore, a performance factor that can evaluate the SVM's accuracy and efficiency is presented, and a quantitative optimization strategy is established for the first time. After the optimization of our synthetic fingerprint discrimination task, the polynomial kernel with a training sample proportion of 5% is the optimized value when the minimum accuracy requirement is 95%. The radial basis function (RBF) kernel with a training sample proportion of 15% is a more suitable choice when the minimum accuracy requirement is 98%.
Cancer Karyotypes: Survival of the Fittest

Cancer cells are typically characterized by complex karyotypes including both structural and numerical changes, with aneuploidy being a ubiquitous feature. It is becoming increasingly evident that aneuploidy per se can cause chromosome mis-segregation, which explains the higher rates of chromosome gain/loss observed in aneuploid cancer cells compared to normal diploid cells, a phenotype termed chromosomal instability (CIN). CIN can be caused by various mechanisms and results in extensive karyotypic heterogeneity within a cancer cell population. However, despite such karyotypic heterogeneity, cancer cells also display predominant karyotypic patterns. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of CIN, with particular emphasis on the role of aneuploidy on CIN. Further, we discuss the potential functional role of karyotypic patterns in cancer.
Dynamics of hippocampal acetylcholine release during lithium‐pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus in rats

The lithium‐pilocarpine model is a rat model of epilepsy that mimics status epilepticus in humans. Here, we report changes of acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus before, during and after status epilepticus as monitored by microdialysis in unanesthetized rats. Administration of pilocarpine (30 mg/kg s.c.) to rats pretreated with lithium chloride (127 mg/kg i.p.) caused a massive, six‐fold increase of hippocampal ACh release, paralleling the development of tonic seizures. When seizures were stopped by administration of diazepam (10 mg/kg i.p.) or ketamine (75 mg/kg i.p.), ACh levels returned to normal. Extracellular concentrations of glutamate remained unchanged during this procedure. Administration of atropine (1 mg/kg i.p.) 2 h after pilocarpine caused a further increase of ACh but did not affect seizures, whereas injection of mecamylamine (5 mg/kg i.p.) reduced ACh levels and seizures in a delayed fashion. Local infusion of tetrodotoxin, 1 μM locally) or hemicholinium (10 μM locally) strongly reduced ACh release and had delayed effects on seizures. Administration of glucose or inositol (250 mg/kg each i.p.) had no visible consequences. In parallel experiments, lithium‐pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus also enhanced striatal ACh release, and hippocampal ACh levels equally increased when status epilepticus was induced by kainate (30 mg/kg i.p.). Taken together, our results demonstrate that seizure development in status epilepticus models is accompanied by massive increases of extracellular ACh, but not glutamate, levels. Treatments that reduce seizure activity also reliably reduce extracellular ACh levels.
Intelligent Fiber Optic Sensor for Estimating the Concentration of a Mixture-Design and Working Principle

This paper presents the construction and working principles of an intelligent fiber-optic intensity sensor used for examining the concentration of a mixture in conjunction with water. It can find applications e.g. in waste-water treatment plant for selection of a treatment process. The sensor head is the end of a large core polymer optical fiber, which constitutes one arm of an asymmetrical coupler. The head works on the reflection intensity basis. The reflected signal level depends on the Fresnel reflection from the air and from the mixture examined when the head is immersed in it. The sensor head is mounted on a lift. For detection purposes the signal can be measured on head submerging, submersion, emerging and emergence. Therefore, the measured signal depends on the surface tension, viscosity, turbidity and refraction coefficient of the solution. The signal coming from the head is processed electrically in an opto-electronic interface. Then it is fed to a neural network. The novelty of the proposed sensor lies in that it contains an asymmetrical coupler and a neural network that works in the generalization mode. The sensor resolution depends on the efficiency of the asymmetrical coupler, the precision of the opto-electronic signal conversion and the learning accuracy of the neural network. Therefore, the number and quality of the points used for the learning process is very important. By way of example, the paper describes a sensor intended for examining the concentration of liquid soap in water.
Displacement current detection of photoconduction in carbon nanotubes

Using a capacitive photocurrent measurement technique, we demonstrate the ability of both semiconducting and metallic single wall nanotubes to function as photodetectors over a wide spectral range. We observe clear peaks in the photo induced displacement current of a nanotube-plated capacitor that correspond directly to the semiconducting and metallic transitions in the nanotube absorbance spectrum. The signal increases substantially as the carrier drift velocity is raised with applied bias. A large increase in the photocurrent observed below temperatures of 100K suggests that the nanotube hot carrier relaxation rate decreases substantially at low temperatures.
Development of a Drilling Fluid Drive Downhole Tractor in Oil Field

This paper proposes a drilling fluid drive downhole tractor, which has the advantages of compact structure, large traction, fast speed and high reliability. The overall mechanical structure of the tractor is introduced, the concrete structures including supporting structure and cushion mechanism are designed. And its all-hydraulic drive continuous propulsion principle is analyzed. Finally the simulation analysis of the tractor operation is carried out to prove that the traction motion scheme is feasible.
A Matter of Principles: Towards the Largest DLP Possible

Description Logic Programs (DLP) have been described as a de cription logic (DL) that is in the “expressive intersection” of D L and datalog. This is a very weak guideline for defining DLP in a way that can be cla imed to be optimal or maximal in any sense. Moreover, other DL fragment s such asEL and Horn-SHIQ have also been “expressed” using datalog. Is DLP just one out of many equal DLs in this “expressive intersection”? This pape r attempts to clarify these issues by characterising DLP with various design p rinciples that clearly distinguish it from other approaches. A consequent applica tion of the introduced principles leads to the definition of a significantly larger v a iant of DLP which we conjecture to be maximal in a concrete sense. A preliminary r eport on the proof of this maximality is provided. While DLP is used as a concret e (and remarkably complex) example in this paper, we argue that similar approa ches can be applied to find canonical definitions for other fragments of logical l anguages.
The Regional Growth Pattern in Sweden - A Search for Hot Spots

This paper gives an exploratory description of the regional growth pattern in Sweden during the period 1981-1999. The main issue is to test the hypothesis that municipalities with higher average income growth and net migration rates are more clustered that could be caused by pure chance. The paper is purely descriptive and we make use of statistical tests for spatial clustering as well as maps to identify what we reefer to as ''regional hot spots''. Our results are however very sensitive for the specification of the weights matrix.
Assessing the effect of clones on changeability

To prioritize software maintenance activities, it is important to identify which programming flaws impact most on an applicationpsilas evolution. Recent empirical studies on such a flaw, code clones, have focused on one of the arguments to consider clones harmful, namely, that related clones are not updated consistently. We believe that a wider notion is needed to assess the effect of cloning on evolution. This paper compares measures of the maintenance effort on methods with clones against those without. Statistical and graphical analysis suggests that having a clone may increase the maintenance effort of changing a method. The effort seems to increase depending on the percentage of the system affected whenever the methods that share the clone are modified. We also found that some methods seem to increase significantly their maintenance effort when a clone was present. However, the characteristics analyzed in these methods did not reveal any systematic relation between cloning and such maintenance effort increase.
Supervoxel-Based Segmentation of EM Image Stacks with Learned Shape Features

Immense amounts of high resolution data are now routinely produced thanks to recent advances in EM imaging. While a strong demand for automated analysis now exists, it is stifled by the lack of robust automatic 3D segmentation techniques. State-of-the-art Computer Vision algorithms designed to operate on natural 2D images tend to perform poorly when applied to EM image stacks for a number of reasons. The sheer size of a typical EM image stack renders many segmentation schemes intractable. Most approaches rely on local statistics that easily become confused when confronted with the noise and textures found within EM image stacks. The assumption that strong image gradients always correspond to object boundaries is violated by cluttered membranes belonging to numerous objects. In this work, we propose an automated graph partitioning scheme that addresses these issues. It reduces the computational complexity by operating on supervoxels instead of voxels, incorporates global shape features capable of describing the 3D shape of the target objects, and learns to recognize the distinctive appearance of true boundaries. Our experiments demonstrate that, when applied to segment mitochondria from neural tissue, our approach closely matches the performance of human annotators and outperforms a state-of-the-art 3D segmentation technique.
Focused Sharing of Information for Multidisciplinary Decision Making by Project Teams

Today's electronic and paper-based approaches to the sharing of project information do not scale to the information sharing and interaction challenges of multi-disciplinary project team meetings. The inability to share and interact with information easily and effectively is one of the biggest bottlenecks in using electronic (online) information for collaborative decision-making. Through scenarios from recent construction projects, this paper summarizes existing approaches to the sharing of information and assesses their effectiveness in supporting multi-disciplinary decision-making by project teams. It then discusses recent research into interactive information workspaces where, with minimal software overhead, participants can share information that is relevant to a particular context to establish a common focus. We believe that the construction community can make significant progress quickly in leveraging existing and future investments in information infrastructure if it not only pursues information sharing through the use of product models but also formalizes the focused sharing of information and separates information interaction and view control from software services and underlying data as outlined in this paper.
A Theory of Distributed Systems

The theory θ presented here is the smallest theory in the temporal logic TLB [10] that all distributed systems, according to our definition of a distributed system, must satisfy. θ is an instance of the classical modal logic S4.2. The central theorems of θ are stated here without proof. Proofs will appear in [10]. Logics like TLA [14] and TLRCS [18] are used for specifying computer programs and reasoning about their behaviors. Their usefulness for large distributed systems has yet to be proven. Systems with multi-thousand node networks exhibit inherently asynchronous concurrency. Logics like TLA and TLRCS only provide a sequential (interleaved) concurrent execution model. Hence TLA and the future-tense part of TLRCS should be instances of the modal logic S4.3. 1 [11, p. 179], but we are unaware if this has been proven. Not having a fully asynchronous concurrent execution model makes proofs about distributed systems within these logics suspect. Like quantum systems, distributed systems have pairs of observables that are not simultaneously measurable which leads to inherent uncertainty in their behaviors. θ has an asynchronous concurrent execution model and accounts for this inherent uncertainty. Unlike S4.2, TLB has a second primitive modal operator called the “everywhere sometime” operator that mixes space and time. The reduction formulas of θ allow us to reduce distributed correctness proofs to finitely many program proofs running on single computers. For distributed systems with the peer process architecture, θ allow us to reduce distributed correctness proofs to a single program proof running on a single computer.
Recognizing Handwritten Digits and Characters

Our project is meant to implement a full pipeline for recognizing the text of any input image. We separate our project into two parts, the segmentation of an image into individual characters, followed by classifying these images into their respective character labels. Our approach builds upon Lecun et. al. in digit recognition, and applies the techniques to characters recognition (a-z, A-Z, 0-9). In particular, we use architectures involving shallow as well as deep neural networks that expands on the classifiers trained by de Campos et. al.
Chemical Detection with a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Capacitor

We show that the capacitance of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is highly sensitive to a broad class of chemical vapors and that this transduction mechanism can form the basis for a fast, low-power sorption-based chemical sensor. In the presence of a dilute chemical vapor, molecular adsorbates are polarized by the fringing electric fields radiating from the surface of a SWNT electrode, which causes an increase in its capacitance. We use this effect to construct a high-performance chemical sensor by thinly coating the SWNTs with chemoselective materials that provide a large, class-specific gain to the capacitance response. Such SWNT chemicapacitors are fast, highly sensitive, and completely reversible.
Fully Integrated 10 GHz CMOS LC VCOs

10 GHz fully integrated LC VCOs suitable for data clock recovery architectures in optical receivers of SDH (STM-64) and SONET (OC-192) were designed and implemented in a 0.18 ¿m 6-metal-layer standard digital CMOS technology. The performance of injection ring type and cross-coupled type LC VCOs with three different varactor versions have been tested. All VCOs present reasonable phase noise performance and tuning characteristics under 1.8 V power supply.
Computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy: Factors influencing diagnostic and complication rates

Objective This study was performed to assess the complication and diagnostic rates of computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of pulmonary parenchymal and mediastinal lesions. Methods Patients who were suspected to have a malignancy based on chest imaging and CT and could not be otherwise diagnosed were evaluated. Results Sixty-five patients were included; 48 (73.8%) were male and 17 (26.2%) were female. Their average age was 58 years. The lesion size ranged from 11 to 105 mm. The most common specific histologic subtype was adenocarcinoma, and the least common was lymphoma. The diagnostic rate was 90.8%. The mean complication rate was 15.4%. Statistically significant associations were found between the complication rate and needle size and between the needle path length and lesion size. Conclusion CT-guided needle biopsy is an effective diagnostic method for patients with mediastinal and parenchymal lesions before thoracotomy. This method can also reliably differentiate benign and malignant tumors.
Corrosion Inhibition of High Speed Steel by Biopolymer HPMC Derivatives

The corrosion inhibition characteristics of the derivatives of biopolymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) film are investigated. Based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements and potentiodynamic polarization, the corrosion inhibition performance of high speed steel coated with HPMC derivatives is evaluated. The Nyquist plot and Tafel polarization demonstrate promising anti-corrosion performance of HPMC and HPMCP. With increasing film thickness, both materials reveal improvement in corrosion inhibition. Moreover, because of a hydrophobic surface and lower moisture content, HPMCP shows better anti-corrosion performance than HPMCAS. The study is of certain importance for designing green corrosion inhibitors of high speed steel surfaces by the use of biopolymer derivatives.
Conjugated Polymer Amplified Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorescence from Nanoparticles with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics for Targeted In Vivo Imaging

Fluorescence‐amplified far‐red/near‐infrared (FR/NIR) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by co‐encapsulation of conjugated polymer donor (poly[9,9‐bis(2‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)fluorenyldivinylene]; PFV) and a fluorogen acceptor (2‐(2,6‐bis((E)‐4‐(phenyl(4′‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)amino)styryl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ylidene)malononitrile; TPE‐TPA‐DCM) with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics using biocompatible bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the encapsulation matrix. The good spectral overlap and close proximity between PFV and TPE‐TPA‐DCM in BSA NPs result in a 5.3‐fold amplified TPE‐TPA‐DCM emission signal via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The obtained PFV/TPE‐TPA‐DCM co‐loaded BSA NPs are spherical in shape with a large Stokes shift of ∼223 nm and low cytotoxicity. The BSA matrix allows further functionalization with arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptide to yield fluorescent probes for specific recognition of integrin receptor‐overexpressed cancer cells. The advantage of PFV amplified FR/NIR signal from TPE‐TPA‐DCM is further demonstrated in cellular and in vivo imaging using HT‐29 colon cancer cells and a murine hepatoma H22 tumor‐bearing mouse model, respectively. The high FR/NIR fluorescence and specific cancer targeting ability by RGD surface functionalization make the PFV/TPE‐TPA‐DCM co‐loaded BSA‐RGD NPs a unique FR/NIR fluorescent probe for cellular imaging and in vivo tumor diagnosis in a high contrast and selective manner.
Multicoil Dixon chemical species separation with an iterative least‐squares estimation method

This work describes a new approach to multipoint Dixon fat–water separation that is amenable to pulse sequences that require short echo time (TE) increments, such as steady‐state free precession (SSFP) and fast spin‐echo (FSE) imaging. Using an iterative linear least‐squares method that decomposes water and fat images from source images acquired at short TE increments, images with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and uniform separation of water and fat are obtained. This algorithm extends to multicoil reconstruction with minimal additional complexity. Examples of single‐ and multicoil fat–water decompositions are shown from source images acquired at both 1.5T and 3.0T. Examples in the knee, ankle, pelvis, abdomen, and heart are shown, using FSE, SSFP, and spoiled gradient‐echo (SPGR) pulse sequences. The algorithm was applied to systems with multiple chemical species, and an example of water–fat–silicone separation is shown. An analysis of the noise performance of this method is described, and methods to improve noise performance through multicoil acquisition and field map smoothing are discussed. Magn Reson Med 51:35–45, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional Role of Glutamine 28 and Arginine 39 in Double Stranded RNA Cleavage by Human Pancreatic Ribonuclease

Human pancreatic ribonuclease (HPR), a member of RNase A superfamily, has a high activity on double stranded (ds) RNA. By virtue of this activity HPR appears to be involved in the host-defense against pathogenic viruses. To delineate the mechanism of dsRNA cleavage by HPR, we have investigated the role of glutamine 28 and arginine 39 of HPR in its activity on dsRNA. A non-basic residue glycine 38, earlier shown to be important for dsRNA cleavage by HPR was also included in the study in the context of glutamine 28 and arginine 39. Nine variants of HPR respectively containing Q28A, Q28L, R39A, G38D, Q28A/R39A, Q28L/R39A, Q28A/G38D, R39A/G38D and Q28A/G38D/R39A mutations were generated and functionally characterized. The far-UV CD-spectral analysis revealed all variants, except R39A, to have structures similar to that of HPR. The catalytic activity of all HPR variants on single stranded RNA substrate was similar to that of HPR, whereas on dsRNA, the catalytic efficiency of all single residue variants, except for the Q28L, was significantly reduced. The dsRNA cleavage activity of R39A/G38D and Q28A/G38D/R39A variants was most drastically reduced to 4% of that of HPR. The variants having reduced dsRNA cleavage activity also had reduction in their dsDNA melting activity and thermal stability. Our results indicate that in HPR both glutamine 28 and arginine 39 are important for the cleavage of dsRNA. Although these residues are not directly involved in catalysis, both arginine 39 and glutamine 28 appear to be facilitating a productive substrate-enzyme interaction during the dsRNA cleavage by HPR.