Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic response of surface circulation to wind forcing, as inferred from high-frequency radar currents in the southeastern Bay of Biscay

The short-term (less than 20 days) response of surface circulation to wind has been determined in waters of the southeastern Bay of Biscay, using wind impulse response (time domain) and transfer (frequency domain) functions relating high-frequency radar currents and reanalysis winds. The response of surface currents is amplified at the near-inertial frequency and the low-frequency and it varies spatially. The analysis indicates that the response of the ocean to the wind is slightly anisotropic, likely due to pressure gradients and friction induced by the bottom and coastline boundaries in this region. Thus, the transfer function at the near-inertial frequency decreases onshore due to the coastline inhibition of circularly polarized near-inertial motion. In contrast, the low-frequency transfer function is enhanced toward the coast as a result of the geostrophic balance between the cross-shore pressure gradient and the Coriolis forces. The transfer functions also vary with season. In summer, the current response to wind is expected to be stronger but shallower due to stratification; in winter, the larger mixed layer depth results in a weaker but deeper response. The results obtained are consistent with the theoretical description of wind-driven circulation and can be used to develop a statistical model with a broad range of applications including accurate oceanic forecasting and understanding of the coupled atmosphere-ocean influence on marine ecosystems.
Novel Noise Injection Scheme to Guarantee Zero Secrecy Outage under Imperfect CSI

The paper proposes a novel artificial noise (AN) injection strategy in multiple-input single-output multiple-antenna-eavesdropper (MISOME) systems under imperfect channel estimation at the legitimate channel to achieve zero secrecy outage probability under any circumstance. The zero secrecy outage is proved to always be achievable regardless of the eavesdropper’s number of antennas or location when the pair secrecy and codeword rates are chosen properly. The results show that when there is perfect channel state information, the zero-outage secrecy throughput increases with the transmit power, which is important for secrecy design. Additionally, an analysis of the secrecy throughput and secrecy energy efficiency gives further insight into the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Germination potential of Seriphium plumosum (bankrupt bush, slangbos or vaalbos)

S eriphium plumosum, generally known as slangbos, bankrupt bush or vaalbos (formerly known as Stoebe vulgaris) is indigenous to South Africa and already widely distributed in various parts of our country (Eastern Cape, Free State, Mpumalanga, North West Province and Gauteng) (Schmidt et al. 2002, Badenhorst 2008). This aggressive encroacher endangers valuable grassland, which is and will remain the cheapest forage for the livestock farmer. This highly unpalatable fynbos shrub is very difficult to control as almost no animal utilizes this plant. It is not wholly true that encroachment is due to only mismanagement like overgrazing (Hatting 1953), as S. plumosum rapidly spreads on a farm after first occurring there (Richter 1989; Wepener 2007). The encroachment could also be as a result of a lack of controlled burning and selective grazing particularly by sheep since settled livestock farming development in these problem areas (Trollope 1987). The main reasons for the enormous explosion of it, especially over the past five to ten years, remain a mystery. Very little has been published on the physiological, phenological and ecological aspects of this plant. It is generally accepted to be mainly found on sandy, rocky soils with a low pH (Smit 1955, Krupko and Davidson 1961). Soils with a clay content of up to 24% could still be encroached if the drainage is good, which could favour the establishment of this woody species (Wepener 2007). This plant first develops on the southern slopes then spreads to Germination potential of Seriphium plumosum (bankrupt bush, slangbos or vaalbos)
3D MULTIPHASE MULTICOMPONENT MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE SHAFT FURNACE FOR SELF-REDUCING PROCESS

DRI demand continues increasing due to shortage of high quality scrap for the steel production using electric arc furnace. In this context, the shaft furnace based on self-reducing process becomes alternative to supply the demand of metallics. This technology has the advantage of possible recycling solid waste materials from iron and steelmaking industries since the self-reducing agglomerate are mixtures of fine ore/ residues and reducing agent. The principal characteristic is the "internal environment of the agglomerate", this results in high rates of reduction (extraction of the oxygen from the ore) due to the kinetic conditions. The present paper aims to develop a mathematical model capable of simulating the operating conditions of the shaft furnace with self-reducing agglomerate, lump coal and secondary gas injection. The model used the technique of finite volume to solve the transport equations of momentum, energy and chemical species of both, solid and gas phases considered in this model. The main finds of this paper are: a) the self-reducing furnace can operates with a mixture of self-reducing briquettes and anthracite, b) the productivity of the process can achieve 35.5 t/m3/day, c) the process produces outlet gas with high calorific value.
Seismic waves with frequencies from 1 to 100 cycles per second recorded in a deep mine in Northern New Jersey

A vertical component seismograph with a magnification of about 8 million at 20 cps was operated cps was operated 1780 feet below the surface at the Sterling mine of the New Jersey Zinc Company in Ogdensburg, New Jersey. Background noise, local earthquakes and teleseismic body phases were recorded. For frequencies greater than 2 cps, the continuous part of the background noise was fairly stationary during nighttime recording intervals and at a level lower than that at all but 9 of the 54 sites surveyed by Frantti (1963). During 730 hours of recording at quiet background noise levels, 8 local earthquakes were detected. Six local shocks were recorded during an additional 2160 hours by conventional short period instrumentation located at Ogdensburg and Sterling Forest, New York. These data, combined with historical data on the occurrence of 22 larger shocks local to the area, are consistent with a linear relation between the logarithm of earthquake number and magnitude. This relation is given by log N = 2.6−0.9M, where N is the annual number of earthquakes which occur within 300 km of Ogdensburg and which have magnitudes greater than or equal to M . On this basis the seismicity of the area, which lies within a region of Paleozoic and early Mesozoic diastrophism, is about 2 orders of magnitude less than that of Southern California, 3 orders of magnitude less than that of the Garm region in Central Asia, and 4 orders of magnitude less than that of the Kwanto region in Japan. Phases from 18 distant earthquakes were recorded by the high gain instrument. Only P and S phases from West Indies shocks, 20 degrees distant, exhibited motion with frequencies greater than 3 cps.
Multiscale Deep Attention Q Network: A New Deep Reinforcement Learning Method for Imbalanced Fault Diagnosis in Gearboxes

Ensuring the safety of mechanical driving systems relies heavily on accurate gearbox fault diagnosis. However, the presence of actual multiworking conditions and uneven sample distribution makes fault diagnosis in gearboxes more challenging. Although intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) employing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has shown promising results, they often require strong feedback learning and experienced adjustment of hyperparameters for different tasks. In this article, a novel approach called multiscale deep attention Q network (MDAQN) is proposed for imbalanced gearbox fault diagnosis from a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) perspective. An imbalanced classification Markov decision process (ICMDP) is introduced that considers interclass deviation, serving as an environment simulation to enhance classification policy learning under data imbalance. In addition, a new multiscale attention convolution network is designed as the agent structure of the deep Q network (DQN) algorithm, thereby improving the discriminative feature learning ability under complex running conditions. By employing weak feedback interaction from DRL, the diagnostic model is trained to enable imbalanced gearbox fault diagnosis effectively. Experimental results on three gearbox imbalanced datasets demonstrate that MDAQN exhibits superior feature extraction ability and generalization, achieving an accuracy of over 99.0% when compared to multiple existing approaches.
Handheld Lung Ultrasound to Detect COVID-19 Pneumonia in Inpatients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Chest imaging, including chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT), can be a helpful adjunct to nucleic acid test (NAT) in the diagnosis and management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Lung point of care ultrasound (POCUS), particularly with handheld devices, is an imaging alternative that is rapid, highly portable, and more accessible in low-resource settings. A standardized POCUS scanning protocol has been proposed to assess the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, but it has not been sufficiently validated to assess diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 pneumonia. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of a standardized lung POCUS protocol using a handheld POCUS device to detect patients with either a positive NAT or a COVID-19-typical pattern on CT scan. Methods: Adult inpatients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 and a recent CT were recruited from April to July 2020. Twelve lung zones were scanned with a handheld POCUS machine. Images were reviewed independently by blinded experts and scored according to the proposed protocol. Patients were divided into low, intermediate, and high suspicion based on their POCUS score. Results: Of 79 subjects, 26.6% had a positive NAT and 31.6% had a typical CT pattern. The receiver operator curve for POCUS had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.787 for positive NAT and 0.820 for a typical CT. Using a two-point cutoff system, POCUS had a sensitivity of 0.90 and 1.00 compared to NAT and typical CT pattern, respectively, at the lower cutoff; it had a specificity of 0.90 and 0.89 compared to NAT and typical CT pattern at the higher cutoff, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed lung POCUS protocol with a handheld device showed reasonable diagnostic performance to detect inpatients with a positive NAT or typical CT pattern for COVID-19. Particularly in low-resource settings, POCUS with handheld devices may serve as a helpful adjunct for persons under investigation for COVID-19 pneumonia.
Revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy: unleashing the potential of bispecific antibodies for targeted treatment

Recent progressions in immunotherapy have transformed cancer treatment, providing a promising strategy that activates the immune system of the patient to find and eliminate cancerous cells. Bispecific antibodies, which engage two separate antigens or one antigen with two distinct epitopes, are of tremendous concern in immunotherapy. The bi-targeting idea enabled by bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is especially attractive from a medical standpoint since most diseases are complex, involving several receptors, ligands, and signaling pathways. Several research look into the processes in which BsAbs identify different cancer targets such angiogenesis, reproduction, metastasis, and immune regulation. By rerouting cells or altering other pathways, the bispecific proteins perform effector activities in addition to those of natural antibodies. This opens up a wide range of clinical applications and helps patients with resistant tumors respond better to medication. Yet, further study is necessary to identify the best conditions where to use these medications for treating tumor, their appropriate combination partners, and methods to reduce toxicity. In this review, we provide insights into the BsAb format classification based on their composition and symmetry, as well as the delivery mode, focus on the action mechanism of the molecule, and discuss the challenges and future perspectives in BsAb development.
Advances in the study of Ulvapolifera monitoring with remote sensing

The massive bloom of the green macroalgae Ulvaprolifera is called "green tide". The "green tide" event frequently happens in the world and is known as an oceanic disaster due to its bad effects on the marine ecological environment,coastal scene,seashore tourism and water sports.Remote sensing has the advantages over the conventional methods in oceanic monitoring because of its great capabilities of large-area,multi-resolution,multi-spectrum,quick and dynamic observations.Remote sensing has become a necessary method in the study of the origin,spatial pattern,evolution,size and movement of "green tide". At present,3 main approaches detecting Ulvaprolifera have been developed,which are single band threshold image segmentation method,multi-band ratio method and radiation transmission model method.The multi-band ratio method is most widely used,which includes two-band ratio algorithm,normalized differential vegetation index,floating algae index and normalized difference algae index.The method of radiation transmission model is mainly used to monitor Ulvaprolifera suspended in water,and its study is just in the initial stage.Further researches on distinguishing the difference between the spectrum of Ulvaprolifera and other type of floating algae,monitoring Ulvaprolifera suspended in water,solving the contradiction between the deficiency of monitoring capability and the needs of users are the directions of Ulvaprolifera monitoring in the future.
Effects of Manure, Lime and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Yields in Embu County, Kenya

Agricultural sector in Kenya, contributes with 25% on GDP, yet this sector is far to supply adequate food for an increasing population due to declining soil productivity. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is relatively new crop being introduced in smallholders farming system in the Central Highlands of Kenya as source of nutrition, income generation and soil fertility improvement. However, the crop yields are below the national average. Soil acidity and depletion of nutrients affect negatively performance and yields of soybean in the region. The study was carried out for two seasons in Embu County to determine the effects of manure, lime and phosphorus (P) fertilizer on: (i) soil chemical properties and soybean yields; (ii) nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by soybean; (iii) soil microbial biomass. The treatments included goat manure (0,5 and 10 ton ha"), lime (0 and 2 ton ha"), and P fertilizer (0, 30 and 60 kg P20S ha"). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replicates. Soils samples collected before and after the experiment were analyzed for soil chemical properties and microbial biomass (MB). Soybean Nand P uptake, N fixation and yields were determined. Data generated was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 95% significance level (p<0.05). The results showed that lime alone (2 ton ha") increased significantly soil pH (15.9%), extractable Ca (64.4%) and Mg (23.1 %), and reduced exchangeable acidity by 3.5 times. Goat manure alone (10 ton ha") increased significantly extractable K by 6.8 times, CEC (55.8%), available P (37.9%), N and P uptake (98.2% for N and 120.8% for P) and microbial biomass (73.5%). Integrated application of 5 ton ha" of goat manure with 2 ton ha' oflime plus 30 kg ha" P20S increased significantly soil pH (14.1 %), Ca (87.7%), Mg (30.8%), K (3.7 times) CEC (73.7%) available P (38.0%) and 59.3% on microbial biomass. The integrated application of 5 ton ha' of goat manure with 30 kg ha' P205 increased significantly the uptake ofN (99.2%) and P (153.2%). Soybean grain yields were significantly increased by 2.5 and 2.3 times under sole application of goat manure (10 ton ha') and integrated application of 5 ton.ha' of goat manure with 2 ton.ha' oflime plus 30 kg P20S ha', respectively. Goat manure proved to be an important soil amendment by providing nutrients, increasing soil pH, which in turn enhanced nutrient uptake, N fixation, microbial biomass, and increased soybean yields. Integrated application of manure with lime and P fertilizer contributed to improved soil chemical properties and soybean yields. Therefore, manure can substitute or supplement the inorganic fertilizers and could be recommended for the smallholder farmers of Embu County, Central Highlands of Kenya.
Understanding GPS : principles and applications

Fundamentals of Satellite Navigation. GPS Systems Segments. GPS Satellite Signal Characteristics and Message Formats. Satellite Signal Acquisitions and Tracking. Effects of RF Interference on GPS Satellite Signal Receiver Tracking. Performance of Standalone GPS. Differential GPS. Integration of GPS with other Sensors. Galileo. The Russian GLONASS, Chinese Bediou, and Japanese QZSS Systems. GNSS Markets and Applications.
Integrating Finite Element Method for Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Retinal Ganglion Cell Stimulation Strategies

The finite element method (FEM) has become an increasingly popular tool for the computational modeling of multiscale biological systems, including the electrode-tissue interface and the behavior of individual neural cells. However, a significant challenge in these studies is integrating multiple levels of complexity, each with its biophysical properties. This paper presents a single platform solution for modeling these multiscale systems using the finite element method. The proposed method combines different finite element formulations tailored to the specific biophysical properties of each scale into a single unified simulation platform. The results of this method are compared to experimental data to demonstrate the accuracy and efficacy of the proposed approach. With the goal of eliciting the most significant possible response from the retinal ganglion cell's (RGC) multiple components, we devised an electrical stimulation strategy and electrode placement setup that took into account both the RGC's horizontal and vertical location. We found that the activity in a single RGC model could be elicited by a cathodic pulse of amplitude 34 µA. We observed that the optimum electrode placement for a neural response is around the initial axon segment, 30 μm from the soma, and 10 μm above the RGC. Our results show that the proposed method can accurately capture the complex behavior of these multiscale systems and provide a valuable tool for further research in retinal prostheses.Clinical Relevance— To develop efficient electrical stimulation schemes for retinal prosthesis applications, this research can shed light on the behavior of the electrode-tissue interface and individual neural cells. Electrical stimulation of RGCs has shown promise in the application of retinal prostheses. Still, a thorough understanding of the electrode-induced electric field is essential for the design of effective and safe stimulation protocols. Electrical stimulation's side effects may require knowledge of multiple physics disciplines (such as thermal or structural deformation owing to implant placement inside the eye). Finding a solution to diseases that cause vision impairment could be aided by a finite element method (FEM) framework that simulates the neuronal response to extracellular electrical stimulation for realistic 3D cell and electrode geometries.
Social Movement in Framing Perspective: Omnibus Law Protest in Indonesia

This study aims to provide a framing perspective on the study of development communication. This study explains the causes of the emergence of social movements in Indonesia in rejecting the Omnibus Law. The protests against the Omnibus Law that occurred in various cities in Indonesia as a form of resistance to government policies were examined from the perspective of framing theory. The method used is text analysis with Robert N Entman’s framing framework. The unit of analysis is the Omnibus Law protest news published in Tempo Magazine in October 2020. The results of this study indicate that social movements to reject the Omnibus Law were carried out by various elements of society, ranging from workers, students, and other elements of society. Even though the Omnibus Law was finally signed by President Joko Widodo on October 5, 2020, the protest effort remained an important note that this law has many loopholes that are considered to be detrimental to elements of society, potentially damaging the environment, and weakening government authority area.
SSF-Align: Point Cloud Registration Based on Statistical Shape Features with Manifold Metric

As an important topic in 3D vision, the point cloud registration has been widely used in various applications, including location, reconstruction, and shape recognition. In this paper, we propose a new registration method for this topic, which utilizes statistical shape features (SSFs) and manifold metrics to estimate the transformation matrix. The SSFs are extracted to establish a compact representation for the original point cloud. Then, the representation is mapped into a manifold to reduce the influences of different scales and translations. Finally, the manifold metric is used to minimize the distance based on the compact representation and the pose can be estimated. The advantages of our method include robustness to nonuniform densities, insensitivity to missing parts, and better performance to handle large difference of poses. Experimental results show that our method achieves significant improvements compared to the state of the art methods.
Hydraulic experiment on sand deposit by tsunami run-up with land slope

As tsunami deposit, sand layer is found in many coastal areas. Tsunami deposit is treated as an evidence of tsunami run-up. And it is considered that tsunami deposit contains hydraulic information. In this study, two different hydraulic experiments are conducted about sand deposit by tsunami run-up on a slope. One experiment is related on the effect of grain size for sand deposit. By the experimental result, it is shown that the distribution of tsunami deposit is influenced by the grain size. In the case of large grain sand, that sand was stopped and accumulated near shoreline. Another experiment is on the initial area of movable sand. By the hydraulic experiment with different initial areas, the main origin of sand deposit on a slope is shown near shoreline.