Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Analysis of the Nicotinate Mononucleotide:5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole Phosphoribosyltransferase (CobT) Enzyme, Involved in the Late Steps of Coenzyme B12 Biosynthesis in Salmonella enterica

ABSTRACT In Salmonella enterica, the CobT enzyme activates the lower ligand base during the assembly of the nucleotide loop of adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) and other cobamides. Previously, mutational analysis identified a class of alleles (class M) that failed to restore AdoCbl biosynthesis during intragenic complementation studies. To learn why class M cobT mutations were deleterious, we determined the nature of three class M cobT alleles and performed in vivo and in vitro functional analyses guided by available structural data on the wild-type CobT (CobTWT) enzyme. We analyzed the effects of the variants CobT(G257D), CobT(G171D), CobT(G320D), and CobT(C160A). The latter was not a class M variant but was of interest because of the potential role of a disulfide bond between residues C160 and C256 in CobT activity. Substitutions G171D, G257D, and G320D had profound negative effects on the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The C160A substitution rendered the enzyme fivefold less efficient than CobTWT. The CobT(G320D) protein was unstable, and results of structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis suggest that either variants CobT(G257D) and CobT(G171D) have less affinity for 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB) or access of DMB to the active site is restricted in these variant proteins. The reported lack of intragenic complementation among class M cobT alleles is caused in some cases by unstable proteins, and in others it may be caused by the formation of dimers between two mutant CobT proteins with residual activity that is so low that the resulting CobT dimer cannot synthesize sufficient product to keep up with even the lowest demand for AdoCbl.
Impact of smoking as a risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Objectives: To assess whether smoking is a risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Design: Meta-analysis. Method: Data sources were observational studies that examined the association between smoking history and the risk of developing RA identified through Medline and EMBASE (from 1966 to December 2006), relevant books and a reference search. Two authors independently extracted the following: authors’ names, publication year, sample size, participant characteristics, odds ratios (OR) or relative risks, adjustment factors, study design and area where the study was conducted. Data syntheses were based upon random effects model. Summarised syntheses effects were expressed by OR. Results: Sixteen studies were selected from among 433 articles. For men, summary OR for ever, current and past smokers were 1.89 (95% CI 1.56 to 2.28), 1.87 (1.49 to 2.34) and 1.76 (1.33 to 2.31), respectively. For rheumatoid factor-positive (RF+) RA, summary OR for ever, current and past smokers were 3.02 (2.35 to 3.88), 3.91 (2.78 to 5.50) and 2.46 (1.74 to 3.47), respectively. Summary OR for 20 or more pack-years of smoking was 2.31 (1.55 to 3.41). For women, summary OR for ever, current and past smokers were 1.27 (1.12 to 1.44), 1.31 (1.12 to 1.54) and 1.22 (1.06 to 1.40), respectively. For RF+ RA, summary OR for ever, current and past smokers were 1.34 (0.99 to 1.80), 1.29 (0.94 to 1.77) and 1.21 (0.83 to 1.77). Summary OR for 20 or more pack-years of smoking was 1.75 (1.52 to 2.02). Conclusion: Smoking is a risk factor for RA, especially RF+ RA men and heavy smokers.
The role of diastolic blood pressure when treating isolated systolic hypertension.

OBJECTIVE To assess the role of treated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level in stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). DESIGN An analysis of the 4736 participants in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) was undertaken. The SHEP was a randomized multicenter double-blind outpatient clinical trial of the impact of treating ISH in men and women aged 60 years and older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as time-dependent covariables. RESULTS After adjustment for the baseline risk factors of race (black vs other), sex, use of antihypertensive medication before the study, a composite variable (diabetes, previous heart attack, or stroke), age, and smoking history (ever vs never) and adjustment for the SBP as a time-dependent variable, we found, for the active treatment group only, that a decrease of 5 mm Hg in DBP increased the risk for stroke (relative risk, [RR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.22), for CHD (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00-1.16), and for CVD (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16). CONCLUSIONS Some patients with ISH may be treated to a level that uncovers subclinical disease, and some may be overtreated. Further studies need to determine whether excessively low DBP can be prevented by more careful titration of antihypertensive therapy while maintaining SBP control. It is reassuring that patients receiving treatment for ISH never perform worse than patients receiving placebo in terms of CVD events.
The Risk of Offending on Homicide Victimization: A Case Control Study

Little research has been done to examine the risk an individual's criminal offending has on subsequent lethal victimization. Theoretical explanations for this relationship stem from the lifestyle theory, which suggests that offenders are at risk of victimization because they frequently interact with other criminals, cannot rely on legal authorities for protection, or become the objects of retaliatory behavior. A sample of homicide victims and two samples of nonvictims from Prince George's County, Maryland, have been collected for a case control study. The nonvictim samples were drawn from Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration records. In various bi- and multivariate models, the results find strong support for the premise that previous offending increases the risk of homicide victimization.
Validation of the Korean Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for Diagnosing Alzheimer's Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Korean Elderly

The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is a valid dementia-screening test that is a simple and effective instrument. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Korean version of the ACE (K-ACE) in a Korean population. A total of 115 subjects (50 with Alzheimer's dementia [AD], 26 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 39 controls) who visited the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Seoul Medical Center were included. The ACE was translated and modified to create the K-ACE. The sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, reliability, and Verbal-Language/Orientation-Memory ratio were evaluated. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff score in screening for dementia. The ROC curves showed the superiority of the K-ACE over the Korean Mini-Mental Status Examination in the diagnosis of AD and MCI. The optimal cutoff of the K-ACE for the identification of AD was 68/69, which had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 84%. The K-ACE is a short, reliable, and valid neuropsychological test battery used to screen for dementia in the Korean elderly.
Sociological Models of the Mining Community

The similarities between mining settlements irf (different types in different societies at difFerent stages of e(»nomic development have often been commented upon by sociologists and anthrope)logists. E. T. Thompson, fe>r example, remarked on the basic fact diat underground mines are fixed in location by the nature of minerals, while specaalising in the production of a (x>mmodity which is sold in a wide (often a world-wide) market. Like the plantation, the mine has to import its labour. 'The special dependence which imponed labour has upon the providence of the employer subjects it, perhaps even in the face of liberal legislation, to some degree of compiilsion greater than that applied to tiative or "free" labour. All the way from slavery to vaguely felt and undefined 'forced" labour, the mine and the plantation tend to get similar reputations with respect to the statiis of their labour forces. '^
Information on center characteristics as costs' determinants in multicenter clinical trials: is modeling center effect worth the effort?

OBJECTIVES Several methodological problems arise when health outcomes and resource utilization are collected at different sites. To avoid misleading conclusions in multi-center economic evaluations the center effect needs to be taken into adequate consideration. The aim of this article is to compare several models, which make use of a different amount of information about the enrolling center. METHODS To model the association of total medical costs with the levels of two sets of covariates, one at patient and one at center level, we considered four statistical models, based on the Gamma model in the class of the Generalized Linear Models with a log link, which use different amount of information on the enrolling centers. Models were applied to Cost of Strategies after Myocardial Infarction data, an international randomized trial on costs of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI). RESULTS The simple center effect adjustment based on a single random effect results in a more conservative estimation of the parameters as compared with approaches which make use of deeper information on the centers characteristics. CONCLUSIONS This study shows, with reference to a real multicenter trial, that center information cannot be neglected and should be collected and inserted in the analysis, better in combination with one or more random effect, taking into account in this way also the heterogeneity among centers because of unobserved centers characteristics.
INSIDE BLAMER SOFTENING: MAPS AND MISSTEPS

The Blamer Softening event in Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy is a critical change event that is indicative of successful treatment outcomes. Facilitating this event is a common challenge for the EFT therapist. This article reviews a mini-theory of blamer softening based on the work of Susan Johnson, co-author of the approach. Additionally, five common obstacles that often derail the softening process are identified and explained. Clinical examples are used throughout to highlight best therapist practices associated with successful softening events. This work represents another step forward toward a detailed understanding of the softening event.
Relationships Between Subordinate Perceptions of Supervisor Influence Tactics and Attributed Bases of Supervisory Power

This paper presents the results of a study investigating relationships between measures of supervisor influence and power, as perceived by subordinates (N = 251). The influence measures were based on the framework of Kipnis, Schmidt, and Wilkinson (1980), while the measures of power used were based on French and Raven's (1959) social bases of power. The results indicated that: (1) there was relatively strong support for most of the Kipnis et al. influence dimensions when viewed from the influence target's perspective, (2) perceptions of leader influence tactic behaviors and attributions of leader power bases are empirically distinct, and (3) several relationships exist between subordinate perceptions of leader influence behaviors and subordinate attributions of leaderpower. However, only one influence tactic, rationality, had both substantial and significant positive relationships with the more positively-viewed bases of power (expert and referent power), emphasizing its importance as a means of influence in organizations. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are briefly discussed.
Urinary C‐Peptide Excretion at Onset of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Children

ABSTRACT. The 24‐hour urinary excretion of C‐peptide and the plasma C‐peptide concentration were measured at the onset of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children. The excretion of C‐peptide was twice as high as that found in normal control subjects, whereas the plasma C‐peptide values were markedly lower, indicating increased urinary leakage of C‐peptide in this phase of the disease. In the diabetic children under seven years of age the mean value of C‐peptide excretion was clearly lower than in the older children.
‘Technical, but not very….’: constructing gendered identities in IT-related employment

Changes in the nature of skilled roles in the IT sector were predicted to create new opportunities for women, yet the proportion of women in this sector is falling.This article presents findings from interviews with senior managers in organizations that are attempting to change this situation.There was little evidence from these respondents of a radical reappraisal of the cultural assumptions about jobs and considerable evidence that gendered identities at work were being constructed in traditional ways drawing on women’s perceived ‘soft skills’. ‘Hybrid’ roles combining technical and traditionally female skills were seen as the way forward. These were presented as a new way for women to work in a male dominated environment without compromising their gendered identity. The article confirms and develops, in an IT context, the challenges inherent in changing gendered occupational roles and we conclude that traditional expectations and contexts persist.
The One Best System: A History of American Urban Education

PROLOGUE PART I: THE ONE BEST SYSTEM IN MICROCOSM: COMMUNITY AND CONSOLIDATION IN RURAL EDUCATION The School as a Community and the Community as a School 'The Rural School Problem' and Power to the Professional PART II: FROM VILLAGE SCHOOL TO URBAN SYSTEM: BUREAUCRATIZATION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Swollen Villages and the Need for Coordination Creating the One Best System Teachers and the Male Mystique Attendance, Voluntary and Coerced Some Functions of Schooling PART III: THE POLITICS OF PLURALISM: NINETEENTH-CENTURY PATTERNS Critics and Dissenters Configurations of Control Lives Routinized yet Insecure: Teachers and School Politics Cultural Conflicts: Religion and Ethnicity A Struggle Lonely and Unequal: The Burden of Race PART IV: CENTRALIZATION AND THE CORPORATE MODEL: CONTESTS FOR CONTROL OF URBAN SCHOOLS, 1890-1940 An Interlocking Directorate and Its Blueprint for Reform Conflicts of Power and Values: Case Studies of Centralization Political Structure and Political Behavior PART V: INSIDE THE SYSTEM: THE CHARACTER OF URBAN SCHOOLS, 1890-1940 Success Story: The Administrative Progressives Science Victims without "Crimes": Black Americans Americanization: Match and Mismatch Lady Labor Sluggers" and the Professional Proletariat EPILOGUE: THE ONE BEST SYSTEM UNDER FIRE, 1940-1973 NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
Library Concurrence: Academic Librarians and School Librarians Working Together with Dual Enrollment Students and Faculty

Dual enrollment opportunities, in which high school students take courses for college credit, are popular nationwide and many states, like Indiana, have made it a requirement for public high schools. In the partnership of the college and high schools, one question is, “How can we (academic librarians) meet the needs of dual enrollment students and also the research and information needs of the high school teachers who are now the adjunct college instructors? ” Reaching out to librarians in high schools with dual enrollment students, we learned that many of the librarians, students, and instructors alike didn’t realize they had access to all the services and resources their university library offered. This article will explore how we have worked with school librarians to meet the information needs of their students and instructors. Our strategy begins by building upon resources with which school librarians are already familiar. Blending these with university tools for dual credit learners creates a common instructional ground for school and university librarians to jointly address the needs of this growing population of students and instructors. The school librarians have become active partners in sharing with their students and instructors not just the resources of their high school library but the resources of the university library as well. The high school students and their instructors are the beneficiaries of a new world of resources which they may have never accessed otherwise. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
Low 2D:4D Values Are Associated with Video Game Addiction

Androgen-dependent signaling regulates the growth of the fingers on the human hand during embryogenesis. A higher androgen load results in lower 2D:4D (second digit to fourth digit) ratio values. Prenatal androgen exposure also impacts brain development. 2D:4D values are usually lower in males and are viewed as a proxy of male brain organization. Here, we quantified video gaming behavior in young males. We found lower mean 2D:4D values in subjects who were classified according to the CSAS-II as having at-risk/addicted behavior (n = 27) compared with individuals with unproblematic video gaming behavior (n = 27). Thus, prenatal androgen exposure and a hyper-male brain organization, as represented by low 2D:4D values, are associated with problematic video gaming behavior. These results may be used to improve the diagnosis, prediction, and prevention of video game addiction.
The past and future of terrorism research

Este articulo destaca cinco areas donde el analisis economico del terrorismo ha tenido mayor relevancia en las politicas de los ultimos 30 anos. Estas areas son la evaluacion de la efectividad de las acciones contra el terrorismo, la identificacion de las causas del terrorismo, la medicion de las consecuencias economicas del terrorismo, el analisis de la dinamica de las series temporales de actos terroristas y la formulacion de representaciones del terrorismo basadas en la teoria de juegos. La principal novedad del articulo es que sintetiza investigaciones anteriores e identifica las cuestiones mas importantes en las politicas que requieren un analisis adicional. Estas cuestiones permiten entender como operan las redes globales de terrorismo, evaluar los resultados de las estrategias antiterroristas y de formas alternativas de cooperacion internacional e investigar los aspectos estrategicos del terrorismo de suicidas. Se ofrece un procedimiento para tratar cada una de estas politicas.
Social Feature Enhanced Group-Based Routing for Wireless Delay Tolerant Networks

Mobile devices in delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are used and carried by people, whose behaviors could be described by social models. Understanding social behaviors and characteristics of mobile users can greatly help the routing decision in DTN routing protocols. However, to obtain the stable and accurate social characteristics in dynamic DTNs is very challenging. To achieve efficient delivery of messages at low costs, in this paper, we propose a novel enhanced social group-based routing protocol in which the relay node is selected based on multi-level cross-community social group information. We apply a simple group formation method with both historical encounters (social relationships in physical world)and social features of mobile users (social relationships in social world) and build multi-level cross-community social groups, which summarize the wide range of social relationships among all mobile participants. Our simulations over a real-life data set demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing it with several existing DTN routing schemes.
Will proposed standard make mobile phones more secure?

Smart phones are becoming increasingly popular. Offering Internet connectivity, they function like minicomputers and can download a growing variety of applications and files, store personal information such as credit card numbers, and even conduct financial transactions. But as smart phones become more sophisticated, they are also becoming targets for hackers and virus writers. Because of increasing e-commerce capabilities, there is more value migrating to these devices. The Trusted Computing Group system would integrate data security into smart phones' core operations rather than implementing it via add-on applications. The TCG's Mobile Phone Work Group has published 11 use cases that, along with a set of technical requirements, will guide the specification work. The proposed standard would protect user data and transactions, as well as enable intellectual-property (IP) protection, a feature the entertainment industry wants before making popular content available for mobile devices. Nonetheless, the technology faces several potential hurdles.
Negative symptoms in the elderly patient with dementia

Negative symptoms are a well‐documented, intensively studied feature of schizophrenia. In recent years, however, increasing attention has been directed to the prominence of these symptoms in elderly patients suffering from dementia. Behavioral alterations such as avoltion, apathy, social withdrawal and emotional disengagement appear to be commonly found in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. A consistent research finding is that negative symptoms in dementia cannot be solely accounted for by depression; they represent a separate symptomatic cluster. An area of ongoing investigation is the relationship of negative symptoms to the functional impairment of dementia. It has been hypothesized that negative symptoms may contribute to the functional impairment caused by cognitive deterioration. Recently, it was reported that negative symptoms in dementia are responsive to pharmacotherapy with an atypical antipsychotic agent. This treatment effect appeared to be independent of effects on positive symptoms. As dementia continues to be a major public health concern, the phenomenology of negative symptoms in the elderly and the treatment of these symptoms are likely to remain areas of active investigation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gaussian Degraded Relay Broadcast Channel

The relay broadcast channel (RBC) models a system where a transmitter sends information to multiple receivers, aided by the presence of a dedicated relay node. In the Gaussian case with two receivers, under the assumption that both receivers are degraded with respect to the relay, it is shown that the capacity region is achieved by a superposition strategy. This strategy is also shown to be optimal in the case where there is feedback from the receivers to the relay and one receiver assumed to be degraded with respect to the other in an appropriate sense. We also present an achievable region for a more general Gaussian RBC (GRBC) model.