Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Solvents and Maltodextrin on the Characteristics of Physalis angulata L. Leaf Extract

The research aimed to study the influence of the use of solvent type with the addition of maltodextrin on various concentration on the physalis angulata leaves to obtain the maximal amount of flavonoid, polyphenol, and alkaloid. The Physalis angulata L leaf was extracted using a solvent of 70% ethanol, 100% distilled water and maltodextrin with concentrations of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. The UV-VIS spectrophotometric method was used to analyze the quality of flavonoid and polyphenol compounds. The gravimetric method was used to analyze the alkaloid compounds. Results of analysis of Physalis angulata leaf extract showed that the treatment of 70% ethanol added with 9% maltodextrin obtained the highest average value of flavonoid. The average amount of flavonoid was 3268.20 mg GAE/g extract. The treatment of 70% ethanol added with 6% maltodextrin produced the highest average value of alkaloid. The average amount of alkaloid was 53.16%. Results of advanced Duncan's test showed that the highest average value of all parameters analyzed appeared that the best treatment was a solvent of 70% ethanol added with 9% maltodextrin.
Learning content‐adaptive feature pooling for facial depression recognition in videos

Recently, a deep representation of facial depression built on convolutional neural networks has shown impressive performance in video-based depression recognition. However, most existing approaches either fix the weights or using a certain heuristics to integrate the frame-level facial features, resulting in suboptimal feature aggregation in encoding the helpful while discarding noisy information in videos. To address this issue, the authors introduce the memory attention mechanism in a regression network to learn a deep discriminative depression representation, where the residual network module aims at learning frame-level deep feature, while the attention module acts as a pooling layer by adaptively learning the weights emphasising or suppressing face images with varying poses and imaging conditions. They empirically evaluate the proposed approach on a benchmark depression dataset, and the results demonstrate the superiority of their approach over the state-of-the-art alternatives.
Shadow Shooter

We introduce here "Shadow Shooter," a VR shooter game. It uses a bow interface called "e-Yumi 3D" and real physical interactive content that changes a 360-degree all-around view in a room into a virtual game space. The bow interface was constructed based on our previously developed technology; it has components of a real bow and some devices that calculate obtained parameters in order to fit the real-world direction to the virtual world. Thus, our unique Shadow Shooter system easily achieves a virtual game space.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence and Production in T-Cell Development

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication depends on CD4 and coreceptor expression as well as host factors associated with the activation state of the cell. To determine the impact of the activation stage of thymocytes on the HIV-1 life cycle, we investigated R5 and X4 HIV-1 entry, reverse transcription, and expression in discrete thymocyte subsets at different stages of T-cell development. Early after infection, preferential entry and replication of R5 HIV-1 were predominantly detected in mature CD3+/hi CD27+ thymocytes. Thus, R5 HIV-1 targets the stage of development where thymocytes acquire functional responsiveness, which has important implications for HIV pathogenesis. In contrast, X4 HIV-1 expression and replication were primarily found in immature CD3−/+/low CD27− CD69− thymocytes. HIV-1 proviral burden and virus expression in thymocyte subsets correlated with the expression of the highest levels of the respective coreceptor. R5 and X4 HIV-1 entered and completed reverse transcription in all subsets tested, indicating that the activation state of thymocytes and coreceptor expression are sufficient to support full reverse transcription throughout development. Although R5 HIV-1 is expressed mainly in mature CD3+/hi CD27+ thymocytes, 5.3% of HIV-1-infected immature thymocytes express R5 HIV-1, indicating that potentially latent viral DNA can be established early in T-cell development.
Continuous query evaluation over distributed sensor networks

In this paper1 we address the problem of processing continuous multi-join queries, over distributed data streams. Our approach makes use of existing work in the field of publish/subscribe systems. We show how these principles can be ported to our envisioned architectural model by enriching the common query model with location dependent attributes. We allow users to subscribe to a set of sensor attributes, a service that requires processing multi-join correlation queries. The goal is to decrease the overall network traffic consumption by removing redundant subscriptions and eliminating unrequested events close to the publishing sensors. This is non-trivial, especially in the presence of multi-join queries without any central control mechanism. Our approach is based on the concept of filter-split-forward phases for efficient subscription filtering and placement inside the network. We report on a performance evaluation using a real-world dataset, showing the improvements over the state-of-the-art, as we reduce the overall data traffic by half.
The Tully-Fisher relation and its implications for the halo density profile and self-interacting dark matter

We show that the Tully–Fisher relation observed for spiral galaxies can be explained in the current scenario of galaxy formation without invoking subtle assumptions, provided that galactic-sized dark haloes have low concentrations which do not change significantly with halo circular velocity. This conclusion does not depend significantly on whether haloes have cuspy or flat profiles in the inner region. In such a system, both the disc and the halo may contribute significantly to the maximum rotation of the disc, and the gravitational interaction between the disc and halo components leads to a tight relation between the disc mass and maximum rotation velocity. The model can therefore be tested by studying the Tully–Fisher zero points for galaxies with different disc mass-to-light ratios. With model parameters (such as the ratio between disc and halo mass, the specific angular momentum of disc material, disc formation time) chosen in plausible ranges, the model can well accommodate the zero-point, slope and scatter of the observed Tully–Fisher relation, as well as the observed large range of disc surface densities and sizes. In particular, the model predicts that low surface brightness disc galaxies obey a Tully–Fisher relation very similar to that of normal discs, if the disc mass-to-light ratio is properly taken into account. About half of the gravitational force at maximum rotation comes from the disc component for normal discs, while the disc contribution is lower for galaxies with a lower surface density. The halo profile required by the Tully–Fisher relation is as concentrated as that required by the observed rotation curves of faint discs, but less concentrated than that given by current simulations of cold dark matter (CDM) models. We discuss the implication of such profiles for structure formation in the Universe and for the properties of dark matter. Our results cannot be explained by some of the recent proposals for resolving the conflict between conventional CDM models and the observed rotation-curve shapes of faint galaxies. If dark matter self-interaction (either scattering or annihilation) is responsible for the shallow profile, the observed Tully–Fisher relation requires the interaction cross-section σX to satisfy 〈σX|v|〉/mX∼10−16 cm3 s−1 GeV−1, where mX is the mass of a dark matter particle.
Social behavior following traumatic brain injury and its association with emotion recognition, understanding of intentions, and cognitive flexibility

Although the adverse consequences of changes in social behavior following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are well documented, relatively little is known about possible underlying neuropsychological deficits. Following a model originally developed for social behavior deficits in schizophrenia, we investigated whether impairments in emotion recognition, understanding of other people's intentions (“theory of mind”), and cognitive flexibility soon after first TBI or 1 year later were associated with self and proxy ratings of behavior following TBI. Each of the three functions was assessed with two separate tests, and ratings of behavior were collected on three questionnaires. Patients with TBI (n = 33) were impaired in emotion recognition, “theory of mind,” and cognitive flexibility compared with matched orthopedic controls (n = 34). Proxy ratings showed increases in behavioral problems 1 year following injury in the TBI group but not in the control group. However, test performance was not associated with questionnaire data. Severity of the impairments in emotion recognition, understanding intention, and flexibility were unrelated to the severity of behavioral problems following TBI. These findings failed to confirm the used model for social behavior deficits and may cast doubt on the alleged link between deficits in emotion recognition or theory of mind and social functioning. (JINS, 2008, 14, 318–326.)
Cardinality Encodings for Graph Optimization Problems

Different optimization problems defined on graphs find application in complex network analysis. Existing propositional encodings render impractical the use of propositional satisfiability (SAT) and maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) solvers for solving a variety of these problems on large graphs. This paper has two main contributions. First, the paper identifies sources of inefficiency in existing encodings for different optimization problems in graphs. Second, for the concrete case of the maximum clique problem, the paper develops a novel encoding which is shown to be far more compact than existing encodings for large sparse graphs. More importantly, the experimental results show that the proposed encoding enables existing SAT solvers to compute a maximum clique for large sparse networks, often more efficiently than the state of the art.
Role of Generation on Successful DNA Delivery of PAMAM–(Guanidino)Neomycin Conjugates

The decoration of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with some functional moieties holds promises for improving the gene-delivery behavior of the resulting polyplexes. Herein, we reported the synthesis and the development of non-viral gene vectors built on an array of PAMAMs, spanning generation 2 (G2), G4, and G7, specifically tethered with multivalent neomycin (Neo) or guanidinoneomycin (GNeo). Following a thorough chemical characterization by means of NMR and MALDI analyses, the ability of PAMAM–(G)Neo conjugates to serve as transfectants was investigated. First, we demonstrated that every PAMAM, whether or not tethered with Neo (or GNeo), exhibited greater DNA packing ability than the gold standard transfectant 25 kDa bPEI. Measurements of the colloidal properties showed that PAMAMs, when mixed with plasmid DNA (pDNA) as a function of the nitrogen-to-phosphate ratio (N/P), allowed preparing complexes of ≈150–300 nm in diameter with a positive surface charge of ≈+20–35 mV, strictly dependent on the PAMA.
Meeting the Challenge of Preparing Undergraduates for Careers in Cognitive Neuroscience

Preparing students for a career in cognitive neuroscience may be especially challenging due to the expense and complexity of many types of cognitive neuroscience technologies. However, it is possible to train students in cognitive neuroscience at a primarily undergraduate university (PUI) in both the classroom and the laboratory. First, we propose specific methods that can be used in the classroom to make cognitive neuroscience material accessible. We also suggest ways to introduce cognitive neuroscience methodology through lab-based courses or activities. Second, we offer suggestions on how to conduct more complex functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) research with undergraduates at a small school. We hope that these suggestions will be a helpful guide for those wishing to prepare their students for further studies and careers in this exciting and challenging field.
Team-based learning in intensive course format for first-year medical students.

AIM To examine the impact of team-based learning (TBL) on educational outcomes in the first year of the curriculum of the Medical University of Vienna. METHODS TBL was first offered to students as a single-group exercise to illustrate the value and dynamics of a learning team. In a second step, TBL was provided in an intensive course format with six 2-hour sessions over a 3-day period as an elective course covering the material of a critical teaching block. Students' responses to the program and the impact on the final exam were analyzed. RESULTS Out of 1417 eligible students, 386 participated in 8 parallel courses offered in the TBL block. The reaction of students to TBL was highly positive. Using the final exam as an outcome measure, 220 students who completed the intensive courses had a 25.3% higher score (non-TBL vs TBL students: 22+/-9 vs 28+/-9 points) in the TBL block. They also had a 16.5% higher score (non-TBL vs TBL students: 94+/-29 vs 109+/-26 points) in the remaining 5 non-TBL blocks of the year. CONCLUSIONS TBL in an intensive course format seems to be especially attractive for the best students of the year, making them even more successful in the key exam. Even the students who usually learned alone highly appreciated learning in teams, thereby developing the understanding and skills needed to work productively in task-groups.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and juvenile mania: an overlooked comorbidity?

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychiatric, cognitive, and functional correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children with and without comorbid bipolar disorder (BPD). METHOD DSM-III-R structured diagnostic interviews and blind raters were used to examine psychiatric diagnoses at baseline and 4-year follow-up in ADHD and control children. In addition, subjects were evaluated for cognitive, academic, social, school, and family functioning. RESULTS BPD was diagnosed in 11% of ADHD children at baseline and in an additional 12% at 4-year follow-up. These rates were significantly higher than those of controls at each assessment. ADHD children with comorbid BPD at either baseline or follow-up assessment had significantly higher rates of additional psychopathology, psychiatric hospitalization, and severely impaired psychosocial functioning than other ADHD children. The clinical picture of bipolarity was mostly irritable and mixed. ADHD children with comorbid BPD also had a very severe symptomatic picture of ADHD as well as prototypical correlates of the disorder. Comorbidity between ADHD and BPD was not due to symptom overlap. ADHD children who developed BPD at the 4-year follow-up had higher initial rates of comorbidity, more symptoms of ADHD, worse scores on the CBCL, and a greater family history of mood disorder compared with non-BPD, ADHD children. CONCLUSIONS The results extend previous results documenting that children with ADHD are at increased risk of developing BPD with its associated severe morbidity, dysfunction, and incapacitation.
Structure and function of the ependymal barrier and diseases associated with ependyma disruption

The neuroepithelium is a germinal epithelium containing progenitor cells that produce almost all of the central nervous system cells, including the ependyma. The neuroepithelium and ependyma constitute barriers containing polarized cells covering the embryonic or mature brain ventricles, respectively; therefore, they separate the cerebrospinal fluid that fills cavities from the developing or mature brain parenchyma. As barriers, the neuroepithelium and ependyma play key roles in the central nervous system development processes and physiology. These roles depend on mechanisms related to cell polarity, sensory primary cilia, motile cilia, tight junctions, adherens junctions and gap junctions, machinery for endocytosis and molecule secretion, and water channels. Here, the role of both barriers related to the development of diseases, such as neural tube defects, ciliary dyskinesia, and hydrocephalus, is reviewed.
A wavelet approach to effective modal analysis of complex lamination

Sturm-Liouville equations and eigenfunctions/eigenvalues problems are of the most fundamental tools in mathematical physics with applications pertaining to statics (electromagnetics or mechanics), theory of wave propagation, sound and vibration, quantum mechanics, and more. The eigenvalues and the associated eigenfunctions (or modes) convey indispensable information about the physics of the problem and constitute a solid basis for a plethora of analytical and computational techniques or modal analysis. The article investigates the relations between the small scale structure of a system heterogeneity and the eigenvalues and modes of the corresponding Sturm-Liouville problem. In particular, multiresolution theory and wavelets are used to derive a new boundary value formulation governing the large scale features of the modes. Numerical examples are provided, and the computation of the large scale component of a two dimensional Green function in a finely laminated waveguide structure is demonstrated and discussed.
Identification of Time-of-Day Breakpoints Based on Trajectory Data of Probe Vehicles

The time-of-day (TOD) mode is the most widely used strategy for traffic signal control with fluctuating flows. Most studies determine TOD breakpoints based on traffic volumes collected by infrastructure-based detectors (e.g., loop detectors). However, these infrastructure-based detectors have low coverage and high maintenance cost. With the deployment of probe vehicles, vehicle trajectory data has become available, providing a new data source for signal control. This paper proposes an approach to identify TOD breakpoints at an isolated intersection based on the trajectory data of probe vehicles, instead of conventional traffic volumes, with under-saturated traffic conditions. It is shown that the speeds of queueing shockwaves capture the characteristics of the traffic volumes according to the queueing shockwave theory. Data from multiple sampling days are aggregated to compensate for the limitations of low market penetration rates and long sampling intervals. Queue joining vehicles are then identified to obtain the speeds of queueing shockwaves. The bisecting K-means algorithm is applied to cluster periods, which are characterized by queueing shockwave speeds, to identify TOD breakpoints. The numerical studies validate that the speeds of queueing shockwaves capture the trend of traffic volumes. The clustering algorithm identifies the same TOD breakpoints for queueing shockwave speeds and traffic volumes. As long as the number of sampling days is large enough, the proposed method can handle low penetration rates (e.g., 2%) and long sampling intervals (e.g., 20 s), and thus achieve a comparable performance to the ideal conditions with high penetration rates (e.g., 100%) and short sampling intervals (e.g., 1 s).
Erythrocyte fatty acids and risk of proliferative and nonproliferative fibrocystic disease in women in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND Although benign breast changes are more common than breast cancer, little evidence regarding risk factors for benign breast conditions is available. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids have antiinflammatory and antiproliferative actions and may be important in reducing the risk of benign conditions. There is a lack of research on the association of n-3 fatty acids with risk of benign fibrocystic breast changes. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to evaluate the role of n-3 and other fatty acids in the development of benign proliferative fibrocystic conditions (PFCs) and nonproliferative fibrocystic conditions (NPFCs) in the breast and to evaluate the progression of fibrocystic changes in breast cancer. DESIGN We conducted a case-control study to determine erythrocyte fatty acid concentrations in 155 women with NPFCs, 185 women with PFCs, 241 women with breast cancer (127 with nonproliferative and 114 with proliferative changes in the noncancerous extratumoral mammary epithelium), and 1,030 control subjects. We estimated the relative risk of NPFCs, PFCs, and breast cancer with proliferative and nonproliferative changes in extratumoral tissue compared with the risk of these changes alone. RESULTS Women in the highest quartile of eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations were 67% less likely to have an NPFC alone or with breast cancer and 49% less likely to have breast cancer than were women with PFCs. gamma-Linolenic acid (18:3n-6) was positively associated with all fibrocystic and cancerous conditions. Palmitic:palmitoleic acid (n-7 saturation index) was inversely associated with risk in all comparisons. CONCLUSION Our results support a protective effects of n-3 fatty acid intake and the n-7 saturation index against benign fibrocystic breast changes and the progression of proliferative changes to breast cancer.
Control del nematodo nodulador de la raíz Meloidogyne incognita en el cultivo de tomate utilizando los hongos Pochonia chlamydosporia, Paecilomyces lilacinus, el extracto botánico Tagetes patula y el nematicida oxamil

The plant parasitic nematodes are microscopic organisms that measure between 0.2 to 6 mm long; Nodules and galls typical in the root zone in the tomato are the main damage caused by Meloidogyne spp. Losses can reach up to 68% of the total production. Meloidogyne incognita is a polyphagous species of great importance at the global level that produces economic losses of up to US $50 billions. The life cycle of these organisms consists of egg, four juvenile stages and the adult. The cost of chemical control of nematodes is high and has adverse effects on the environment, and it also quickly facilitates the reinfestations, so that economic and environmentally sustainable alternatives are sought. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of two fungi nematophagous Paecilomyces lilacinus and Pochonia chlamydosporia , a botanical extract based on Tagetes patula for the control of Meloidogyne incognita . As a second objective was to compare the root development of tomato plants. A complete randomized (DCA) design was used with three replicates performing a variance analysis and a mean separation using the Duncan 5% test. The oxamil and Paecilomyces lilacinus treatments presented the highest control reduced the initial population of nematodes to 0%, unlike the treatments of Pochonia chlamydosporia and Tagetes patula , which reduced the initial population by 84 and 88% respectively. The greatest root development was with Paecilomyces lilacinus .