Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subject–Motion Correction in HARDI Acquisitions: Choices and Consequences

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is known to be prone to artifacts related to motion originating from subject movement, cardiac pulsation, and breathing, but also to mechanical issues such as table vibrations. Given the necessity for rigorous quality control and motion correction, users are often left to use simple heuristics to select correction schemes, which involves simple qualitative viewing of the set of DWI data, or the selection of transformation parameter thresholds for detection of motion outliers. The scientific community offers strong theoretical and experimental work on noise reduction and orientation distribution function (ODF) reconstruction techniques for HARDI data, where post-acquisition motion correction is widely performed, e.g., using the open-source DTIprep software (1), FSL (the FMRIB Software Library) (2), or TORTOISE (3). Nonetheless, effects and consequences of the selection of motion correction schemes on the final analysis, and the eventual risk of introducing confounding factors when comparing populations, are much less known and far beyond simple intuitive guessing. Hence, standard users lack clear guidelines and recommendations in practical settings. This paper reports a comprehensive evaluation framework to systematically assess the outcome of different motion correction choices commonly used by the scientific community on different DWI-derived measures. We make use of human brain HARDI data from a well-controlled motion experiment to simulate various degrees of motion corruption and noise contamination. Choices for correction include exclusion/scrubbing or registration of motion corrupted directions with different choices of interpolation, as well as the option of interpolation of all directions. The comparative evaluation is based on a study of the impact of motion correction using four metrics that quantify (1) similarity of fiber orientation distribution functions (fODFs), (2) deviation of local fiber orientations, (3) global brain connectivity via graph diffusion distance (GDD), and (4) the reproducibility of prominent and anatomically defined fiber tracts. Effects of various motion correction choices are systematically explored and illustrated, leading to a general conclusion of discouraging users from setting ad hoc thresholds on the estimated motion parameters beyond which volumes are claimed to be corrupted.
Falling from Grace

Over the last three decades, millions of people have slipped through a loophole in the American dream and become downwardly mobile as a result of downsizing, plant closings, mergers, and divorce: the middle-aged computer executive laid off during an industry crisis, blue-collar workers phased out of the post-industrial economy, middle managers whose positions have been phased out, and once-affluent housewives stranded with children and a huge mortgage as the result of divorce. Anthropologist Katherine S. Newman interviewed a wide range of men, women, and children who experienced a precipitous fall from middle-class status, and her book documents their stories. For the 1999 edition, Newman has provided a new preface and updated the extensive data on job loss and downward mobility in the American middle class, documenting its persistence, even in times of prosperity.
Diversity gain for near-field MISO atmospheric optical communications

In this paper, the performance of a multiple-input/single-output (MISO) free-space optical (FSO) systems is studied through an analytical approach which more accurately models the atmospheric channel. The diversity gain is evaluated based on measures determined by up to second-order statistics of the received power. The numerical results demonstrate the effects of diffraction and spatial correlation of turbulence-induced fading on the performance of multi-beam diversity systems. These effects have been mostly neglected in the literature by applying far-field assumptions. Our results can thus be useful in the design of practical multi-beam FSO systems especially when a compact design is desired.
Population size and processing time in a genetic algorithm

This paper presents several experiments with a genetic algorithm (GA) for designing combinational logic circuits. The study addresses the population size and the processing time for achieving a solution in order to establish a compromise between the two parameters. Furthermore, it is also investigated the use of different gate sets for designing the circuits namely RISC and CISC like gate sets
Measurement of depression in dementia: Self vs clinician rating

The presence of depression was evaluated in a cross‐section of 50 outpatients with dementia using the self‐rated Geriatric Depression Scale and the clinician‐rated Cornell Depression Scale. Impaired insight, as manifested by unawareness of dementia, correlated with dementia severity and discriminated a group of patients in whom the self‐rated scale failed to show evidence of depression. Discrepancy between the two types of scales occurred among mildly as well as moderately demented patients when insight was impaired. Recognition of this discrepancy suggests that reliance on self‐ratings may underestimate the presence and degree of depression among patients with dementia.
Chairing and caring: gendered dimensions of leadership in academe

This article uses three frames of analysis, each with gendered implications, to interpret the author's narrative of experience as a department chair (head of department) in a Canadian university from 1999 to 2002. The narrative is based not only on memory but on transcripts of interviews conducted with the author at various points during her term as chair. The three frames are: (1) learning leadership; (2) surviving organisations; and (3) performing leadership. The methodology is an unusual one, a mix of personal narrative with theory and literature, an approach that demonstrates the relative merits of different theoretical perspectives when applied to an account of experience as well as the difficulty of settling on one ‘true’ analysis. Throughout the discussion, a ‘critical incident’ is repeated several times in slightly varied ways, in order to illustrate how different analytical frames can lead to different interpretations. The conclusion considers the implications of the analysis for understanding the gendered experience of academic leadership.
Network performance optimization using Odd and Even routing algorithm for pipeline network

The revolution on static wireless sensor network (WSN) had gained popularity in remote monitoring especially in oil and gas pipeline integrity. The use of WSN in oil and gas pipelines facilitates real-time data transmission from sensors to the monitoring station located miles away. WSN for pipeline network are critical performance driven communication mechanism due to its unique linear geographical set up. The network performance of linear topology is compromised proportionally to the number of nodes. Such a drawback results in poor delivery ratio, throughput, latency and fairness due to its snowball effect towards the destination node. In this paper, we proposed a novel routing method, Odd-Even Linear Static Routing Path (OE-LSRP) to achieve significant improvements in overall network performance in TCP agent. Various simulation experiments are tested with OE-LSRP in accordance to IEEE 802.11standard to achieve results in making it feasible for the pipeline network.
Inhibition of Rho-Kinase Reduces Renal Na-H Exchanger Activity and Causes Natriuresis in Rat

Rho-kinase regulates the actin cytoskeleton and therefore modulates transport. The role of Rho-kinase in Na-H exchanger (NHE) activity of rat proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) was investigated using (R)-(+)-trans-N-(4-pyridyl)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-cyclohexanecarboxamide (Y-27632), a specific inhibitor of Rho-kinase. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, apical and basolateral NHE activities were determined by measuring cell pH recovery following luminal NH 4 + prepulse and basolateral sodium removal, respectively. Apical NHE activity was greater in 8 to 9 week old hypertensive SHR compared with WKY. Although Y-27632 suppressed pHi recovery in both strains, sensitivity was 50-fold higher in adult SHR. Y-27632 suppressed basolateral NHE in both strains with similar sensitivity. Apical NHE activity was not greater in 5-week-old, not yet hypertensive, SHR rats compared with WKY. In clearance studies, Na excretion was less in SHR than in WKY rats. Y-27632 increased Na excretion and fractional excretion Na in both strains but more so in SHR. 22Na uptake of the brush border membrane vesicle taken from Y-27632-treated rats decreased more than that from vehicle-treated animals in both adult SHR and WKY. We conclude that apical NHE activity is increased in SHR PCT compared with controls and that inhibition of Rho-kinase reduces PCT NHE activities and causes natriuresis.
Cephalic arch stenosis in patients with fistula access for hemodialysis: Relationship to diabetes and thrombosis

Numerous studies have identified the fistula as the best access for hemodialysis with fewest complications. The radiocephalic fistula (RCF) is the first access of choice, but often results in poor maturation. Therefore, an increased number of brachiocephalic fistulas (BCF) have been placed. Cephalic arch stenosis (CAS) can occur in patients with fistula access. The current study was done to determine the incidence and associated comorbidities in patients with BCF or RCF who have CAS. A retrospective review of 450 hemodialysis patients in 3 outpatient hemodialysis units between July 1, 2000 and July 1, 2005 (60 months) was preformed. We reviewed demographics, medications, and indications for venograms. Interventional Radiologists reviewed the venograms for evidence of CAS. Radiology reports were screened to determine incidence of thrombosis, treatment with either angioplasty or stent placement and if a complication such as venous rupture occurred. One hundred and twenty‐seven patients had fistula access with at least 1 venogram. Of these, 30 were RCF and 97 were BCF. Cephalic arch stenosis occurred in 77% of patients with BCF and in 20% of patients with RCF. Those with diabetes had a lower rate of occurrence than those without (p<0.01). Cephalic arch stenosis led to a high rate of thrombosis (p<0.01). The probability of having multiple radiology procedures was higher with CAS than without (p<0.01). Cephalic arch stenosis is an important problem in hemodialysis patients who have fistula access, and contributes to thrombosis. Diabetes was found to have a negative association with CAS for undefined reasons. Attempts to understand this relationship are important.
Annotating handwritten characters with minimal human involvement in a semi-supervised learning strategy

One obstacle in the automatic analysis of handwritten documents is the huge amount of labeled data typically needed for classifier training. This is especially true when the document scans are of bad quality and different writers and writing styles have to be covered. Consequently, the considerable human effort required in the process currently prohibits the automatic transcription of large document collections. In this paper, two semi-supervised multiview learning approaches are presented, reducing the manual burden by robustly deriving a large number of labels from relatively few manual annotations. The first is based on cluster-level annotation followed by a majority decision, whereas the second casts the labeling process as a retrieval task and derives labels by voting among ranked lists. Both methods are thoroughly evaluated in a handwritten character recognition scenario using realistic document data. It is demonstrated that competitive recognition performance can be maintained by labeling only a fraction of the data.
Abuse Characteristics and Psychiatric Consequences Associated with Online Sexual Abuse

The current study examined the rate and psychiatric correlates of sexual abuse involving the use of digital technologies by the offender in a wide sample of juvenile victims. Sociodemographic, abuse, and psychiatric characteristics of 662 sexually abused children and adolescents were evaluated. Of these, 93 reported that digital devices were used by the offender in several ways to facilitate the sexual abuse. The offender-victim relationship was initiated through the Internet in 39 victims. Involvement of digital technologies in sexual abuse was significantly associated with penetrative and recurrent form of sexual abuse commited by multiple offenders with coexisting violence. Additionally, victims of sexual abuse with a digital component were 4.21 times more likely to develop any psychopathology, 3.77 times more likely to have depression, and 2.14 times more likely to have post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of sexual abuse. These results indicated that the offender's use of digital technology may aid the initiation and facilitation of the sexual abuse of youths and may relate to more severe outcomes. This study revealed the importance of raising the awareness of professionals and the community about the potential risks associated with digital technologies and sexual abuse. Mental health professionals should consider this additional form of victimization, especially when dealing with sexual abuse victims.
Genetic Algorithm Based Goal Programming Procedure for Solving Interval-Valued Multilevel Programming Problems

This article presents goal programming (GP) procedure for solving Interval-valued multilevel programming (MLP) problems by using genetic algorithm (GA) in a hierarchical decision making and planning situation of an organization. In the proposed approach, first the individual best and least solutions of the objectives of the decision makers (DMs) located at different hierarchical levels are determined by using the GA method. Then, the target intervals of each of the objectives and decision vectors controlled by the upper-level DMs are defined in the inexact decision environment. Then, in the model formulation, the interval valued objectives and control vectors are transformed into the conventional form of goal by using interval arithmetic technique. In the goal achievement function, both the aspects of minsum and minmax GP formulations are adopted to minimize the lower bounds of the defined regret intervals for goal achievement within the specified interval from the optimistic point of view of the DMs.The potential use of the approach is illustrated by a numerical example.
Effects of Breeding Environments on Generation and Activation of Autoreactive B-1 Cells in Anti-red Blood Cell Autoantibody Transgenic Mice

In anti-red blood cell autoantibody transgenic (autoAb Tg) mice almost all B cells are deleted except for B-1 cells in the peritoneal cavity and the gut. About one-half of the auto Ab Tg mice suffer from autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in the conventional condition. Oral administration of lipopolysaccharides activates B-1 cells and induces autoimmune symptoms in the Tg mice, suggesting that the autoimmune disease in anti-RBC autoAb Tg mice is triggered by infections. To examine the association of bacterial infections with the generation of B-1 cells and the occurrence of the autoimmune disease, we analyzed anti-RBC autoAb Tg mice bred in germ-free and specific pathogen-free conditions. In germ-free conditions, few peritoneal B-1 cells were detected, while a significant number of peritoneal B-1 cells existed in specific pathogen-free conditions. In both conditions, no mice suffered from AIHA. However, when these Tg mice were transferred to the conventional condition or injected with lipopolysaccharide, peritoneal B-1 cells expanded and some of these mice suffered from AIHA. These results clearly showed that bacterial infections are responsible for both the expansion of B-1 cells and the onset of the autoimmune disease in these Tg mice.
The Dialectical Matrix: Towards Phenomenology as a Science

Ask any scientist — be he profound or petty, poetic or prosaic — he will always demand one thing in his pursuit of knowledge: that which is presented must be sharp, clear, well defined and “clean. ” All revelation through discovery and invention, no matter how intuitive and emotional, no matter how much significance or lack thereof it might imply, must appear in a clear form. The scientist needs to make the non-visible visible, to give definition, detail, and delineation to the depth of experience, to present Logos or order to the world, even if it is only a small Logos, perhaps floundering within a threatening sea of chaos doomed to eventually swallow up all significant distinction at some future time — as some of the more tragic scientists infer when they claim that the universe is predestined to whimper away in a slow decay, a heat death in which entropy and disorder become the ultimate shroud of mankind and the stars.
Organizational Crisis : The Logic of Failure

Executive Overview Organizational crisis, which includes both bankruptcy and a dramatic fall in market value, has increasingly affected blue chip companies in recent years. Yet existing theory views failure as typical of declining companies at the end of their lifecycle. This article explains why once prosperous companies collapse at the height of their success. In an in-depth analysis of the 100 largest organizational crises of the last five years, a mutual logic behind these crises has been identified. In general the problems lay in the four areas of growth, change, leadership and organizational culture. In most cases the companies grew and changed too quickly, had too powerful managers and nurtured an excessive success culture. Conversely, if these factors were insufficiently developed, companies aged prematurely, which likewise led to failure. In order to sustain success, companies need to keep a balance between these extremes. In this article we present company examples and research-based findings th.
Analysis of cross-coupled common-source cores for W-band LNA design at 28nm CMOS

This paper discusses the constraints set by device dimensions and cross-coupling capacitance on the power gain, bandwidth, and noise performance of millimeter-wave common-source pairs fabricated in CMOS processes. The analysis is backed by simulation of 28nm bulk-CMOS cores at W-band frequencies (70GHz-110GHz). The paper also proposes a new transformer geometry for improving the quality factor of very small transformers.
Improving Communication for People with Brain Injury in the 21st Century: The Value of Collaboration

This paper describes the value of collaboration from two perspectives. The first perspective highlights the benefit of teaching communication partners collaborative communication strategies to facilitate the interactions of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Collaborative strategies encompass the provision of collaborative intent, emotional and cognitive support, positive questioning styles and collaborative turn taking. Translating research outcomes into accessible resources is described with reference to the TBI Express website which has video demonstrations of conversation strategies for communication partners of people with TBI. The broader meaning of collaboration is also discussed, with particular focus on the advantages collaboration can provide in advancing rehabilitation outcomes for people with acquired brain injury, their families and social networks. Collaboration is described in terms of encompassing all relevant contributors to the development of research advances, including people with acquired brain injury, their families and social networks, stakeholders, clinicians, peak bodies, students and researchers. Two examples of large-scale research collaborations occurring within Australia are described, including the NHMRC Clinical Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation and the NHMRC Moving Ahead Centre for Research Excellence in Brain Recovery, also known as Moving Ahead.
Platelet antigen-induced regulation in ITP.

Tregs maintain self-tolerance and, although they are significantly deficient in patients with ITP, 1–6 it now seems that their antigen-specific counterparts can be generated de novo from the patient9s other nonregulatory T cells. This may set the future stage for platelet-induced cellular therapy as a treatment for ITP.
Impact of fringing fields in a p-channel junctionless transistor

This paper investigates the effects of fringing field arising out of high-k (dielectric constant) gate insulator on the device performance of a p-channel double-gate junctionless transistor (p-DGJLT). The overall device performance of a p-DGJLT is degraded with such fringing field. This behavior is similar to its n-channel counterpart of similar dimension. The effects of spacers on both sides of high-k gate oxides are also studied for the device performance parameters, namely: drain current (ID), ON-state current (ION), threshold voltage (VT), subthreshold slope (SS) and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL). SS and DIBL are improved for the device in which spacer dielectrics are included. However, VT and ION are degraded with increase in spacer dielectric constant.
Non-pulsatile circulation with axial-flow left ventricular assist device preserves neurocognitive function

Concerns about the potential impact of the non-pulsatile circulation pattern generated by the new generation axial-flow left ventricular assist devices on neurocognitive function led us to evaluate a patient in whom a Jarvik 2000 pump was implanted. We assessed the patient’s baseline neurocognitive function preoperatively as well as at 1-month and 6-month follow-up, using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. A slight improvement in circumscribed neurocognitive domains was noted, with no evidence of further decline at the end of a 6-month follow-up period.
The Supernova-Gamma-Ray Burst Connection

SN 1998bw and its corresponding relativistically expanding radio source are coincident with the γ-ray burst source GRB 980425. We searched for other possible supernova-γ-ray burst associations among 101 recent Type Ia and 17 Type Ib/c supernovae (SNe) for which the dates of optical maximum are relatively well known. We show that Type Ia SNe can be excluded as the source of γ-ray bursts (GRBs) at a high significance level (greater than 4 σ) and that the current data are consistent with Type Ib/c SNe as GRB producers. If the Type Ib/c event SN 1998bw does not represent a special class of GRBs, but is representative of the general mechanism for GRBs, it would imply GRB energies that are some fraction of an SN energy. This in turn demands strong collimation into perhaps 10-3 sr to explain GRBs at higher redshifts. Such collimation requires a high rate of occurrence, perhaps consistent with an SN rate. The collimated flow may be generated by core collapse to produce rotating, magnetized neutron stars. Having lost most or all of their hydrogen and helium envelope before explosion, Type Ib/c SNe are particularly amenable to SN-GRB associations. Asymmetries in line profiles and spectropolarimetry of Types II and Ib/c SNe, pulsar runaway velocities, soft γ-ray repeaters, and GRBs may be associated phenomena.