Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast and highly sensitive photodetectors with recessed electrodes fabricated on low-temperature-grown GaAs

We have fabricated and characterized ultrafast metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors with recessed electrodes, based on low-temperature-grown GaAs. The new recessed-electrode MSM geometry led to an improved electric-field distribution inside the photodetector structure and resulted in a 25% breakdown voltage and sensitivity increase with simultaneous four-fold reduction of capacitance, as compared to the identical MSM devices with planar electrodes. Time-resolved studies performed using 100-fs-duration laser pulses showed that recessed-electrode MSMs exhibited 1.0-ps-wide photoresponse transients with no slow after-pulse tails and their photoresponse time was 0.9 ps. The improved transient photoresponse parameters are the main advantages of the recessed-electrode geometry.
Decision making by Chinese managers in simulated conflict over welfare issues: responding to Other-Party's Strategy with moderation by hierarchy and past relationship

As part of a larger research project, this study aims to examine the way people respond to Other-Party's Strategy during conflict processes. Three hundred and eighty-four Chinese managers participated in a simulation of conflict over welfare issues. The participants' behaviour during the simulation confirms that, in addition to the widely reported reciprocating behaviour, one party's strategy also tends to promote certain related strategies and suppress other strategies by another party. Furthermore, these responses to Other-Party's Strategy are moderated by existing hierarchical and interpersonal relationship between the conflicting parties.
Quantitative Aspects of Social Service Coordination Efforts: Is More Better?

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the relationship between the success oflocal service coordination efforts ih the Model Cities Program, as judged by a panel of federal experts, and three quantitative aspects ofthese coordination efforts: (a) the number of agencies involved in planning; (b) the number of agencies involved in implementation; and (c) the proportion ofproject funds committed by participating agencies. The findings indicate: (a) an inverse relationship between the number of agencies involved in planning/ implementation and the rating of success achieved in coordination; and (b) a positive relationship between commitments of funds and coordination ratings. The reasons for these findings and their implications for practice are explored.
The emerging informationist specialty: a systematic review of the literature.

PURPOSE A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize what is known about informationists, highlight program models, and suggest areas for future research. METHODS Articles retrieved through database searching were reviewed for relevance. Informationist case reports were identified and coded according to an attributes checklist. Data from other retained publications were synthesized under broad themes. The few research studies found were reviewed for level of evidence. RESULTS Of 113 papers reviewed, the study identified 7 classic and 8 emerging informationist programs. Two major models are apparent, clinical and research, with priorities differing according to program maturity. The literature synthesis also brought together current thinking about informationist qualifications; practice roles; setting characteristics; education and training; organizational, programmatic, and service provider success factors; and challenges and barriers. Program outcomes to date are reported, and future research topics suggested. Specific findings will assist informationist program planners. CONCLUSIONS While the informationist concept remains in the early adopter stage, it appears that domain knowledge, continuous learning, and embedding (working in context) are essential to success. The need for librarians to transition to greater specialization and libraries to emphasize customized service was underscored. A research agenda focused on information management, dissemination, behaviors, and economics is proposed.
COSINE: Community-Preserving Social Network Embedding From Information Diffusion Cascades

This paper studies the problem of social network embedding without relying on network structures that are usually not observed in many cases. We address that the information diffusion process across networks naturally reflects rich proximity relationships between users. Meanwhile, social networks contain multiple communities regularizing communication pathways for information propagation. Based on the above observations, we propose a probabilistic generative model, called COSINE, to learn community-preserving social network embeddings from the recurrent and time-stamped social contagion logs, namely information diffusion cascades. The learned embeddings therefore capture the high-order user proximities in social networks. Leveraging COSINE, we are able to discover underlying social communities and predict temporal dynamics of social contagion. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world datasets show that our proposed model significantly outperforms the existing approaches.
Coal Enterprise Management and Asynchronism of Return

For researching the association between coal enterprise management and return in financial market, this paper applies the method of time difference relevance and PageRank method to seek the leader-index of a stock set containing 21 coal enterprises in A-share market and score those stocks. Based on the return in 2011, the asynchronism of the return series is revealed and presents a hierarchical structure of our stock set. Finally, we compare the result with the firm-level variables and discuss the relation between them. The results show that those large coal enterprises with a good management condition always present an antecedence of stock return; there is a significant positive association between company scale and the score given by PageRank method.
Title Is living with psychosis demoralizing ? Insight , self-stigma and clinical outcome among people with schizophrenia across one year Running title Is living with psychosis demoralizing ?

Background: Lack of insight is a major target in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, insight may have undesirable effects on self-concept and motivation that can hinder recovery. This study aimed to examine the link between insight, self-stigma and demoralization as predictors of symptoms and functioning. Methods: Insight, self-stigma, depressive and psychotic symptoms, and functioning were assessed among 133 outpatients with schizophrenia at baseline and twelve months later. The data were analyzed by hierarchical multiple linear regressions. Results: More insight at baseline and an increase in self-stigma over twelve months predicted more demoralization at follow-up. Insight at baseline was not associated with any outcome variable, but self-stigma at baseline was related to poorer functioning and more positive symptoms at follow-up. More demoralization at baseline predicted poorer functioning twelve months later. Demoralization did not mediate the relationship between self-stigma at baseline and functioning after one year. Discussion: Given the decisive role of self-stigma regarding recovery from schizophrenia, dysfunctional beliefs related to illness and the self should be addressed in treatment. Different psychotherapeutical approaches are discussed.
Can Microcredit and Job Under NREGS Jointly Bring More Happiness to the Villagers

This paper aims to investigate whether access to microfinance loan and job under National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) have any significant impact to bring life satisfaction as well as happiness, an important well-being indicator to the villagers of West Bengal. Here we consider microfinance system under individual liability loan contract and joint liability loan contract separately. This paper shows participation in microfinance programme, size of microcredit and more number of man-days of getting job under NREGS bring more happiness to the village people. It is also established that members of Self-Help Group under SGSY scheme become happier in compare to members of VSSU a microfinance system operating on the basis of individual liability loan contract. This is because most of the members under SGSY scheme are women and that of VSSU are men and the members of Self-Help Group under SGSY scheme have become much more empowered after joining the microfinance programme through forming Self-Help Group.
A Corpus Building Method on Forensic Identification of Dialects (FIDS)

China is very extensive in area and is with a large population, which leads to many dialects. In such a case dialects with accents to some degree should be analyzed to ascertain speakers' identification in legal practice. Here, a corpus building method is proposed and demonstrated, which shows how to project a corpus for forensic identification of dialect speakers through an examle of Puyang city. The design ideas, the design plans, recording operation, and technologies of processing collect data in the course of projecting such a corpus are all introduced. The analysis shows that the proposed method can solve the problem of forensic identification of dialects.
Another Look at The Truly Disadvantaged

In the aftermath of the controversy generated in 1965 by the Moynihan report on the black family, empirical research on inner-city poverty and other social dislocations ground to a halt. In the past few years, however, such research activity has revived as media reports and debates among academics have captured public interest in the growing problems of urban ghettos. Like the 1960s discussions of the causes and consequences of urban poverty that focused on the Moynihan report and on Oscar Lewis's work on the culture of poverty, much of the new discourse is contentious and acrimonious. My book, The TrulyDisadvantaged, has become a point of reference in this controversy and, as is too often true of controversies, a good deal of the discussion is based on inaccurate interpretations of the arguments set forth.1
A method to generate wet and broken-up animal fur

This paper describes part of the pipeline which we have implemented for the creation of hair and fur for the upcoming motion picture "Stuart Little". In particular, we discuss the two effects of producing wet fur and broken-up dry fur. We assume that our animal models consist of a connected set of NURBS patches, which define the skin onto which the individual hairs are placed. A wet fur look is achieved by clumping together of neighboring hairs within certain clumping areas on the skin. The definition of these clumping areas can be either static or animated, the latter to simulate spouts of water hitting parts of the fur coat, making it increasingly wet. A broken-up fur look is generated by breaking of hairs along certain fur-tracks on the skin.
Property and Activity of Molybdates Dispersed on Silica Obtained from Various Synthetic Procedures

The synthesis and characterization of several dispersed molybdena catalysts on silica support (MoO3-SiO2) prepared from a variety of precursors (Mo(VI)-acetylacetonate, oxo-peroxo Mo-species, hydrated ammonium heptamolybdate) and preparation methods (deposition of the Mo-phase on finite SiO2 support by aqueous and methanol impregnations, by adsorption, by oxo-peroxo route-like, and by one-step synthesis of MoO3-SiO2 system with molecular precursors) are presented. The molybdena concentration on silica was comprised in a large interval (1.5 - 14 wt%) depending on the preparation method which governed the Mo-loading on silica. Convenient comparisons among samples at similar Mo-concentration have been made discussing the morphologic-structural (XRD, XPS, UV-vis-DRS, and N2-adsorption) and physicochemical (TG-DTG, TPR, and n-butylamine-TPD) sample properties. Polymeric octahedral polymolybdate aggregates predominated in the samples prepared by aqueous and methanol impregnations, which were at high Mo-concentration. On the contrary, isolated Mo(VI) species in distorted Td symmetry predominated in the sample prepared by adsorption which was at very low Mo-concentration. The sample acidity was composed of a weak acidy site population, associated with the silica support, and a strong acid site population associated with the Mo-dispersed phase. Oxidation tests of formaldehyde, an oxygen-containing VOC (Volatile Organic Compound), were performed to determine the prevalent redox or acidic function of the Mo-species at the surface of the catalysts.
The evaluation of the national food technology programme: the articulation of the Spanish food innovation system

In this paper, we evaluate the National Food Technology Programme capacity to foster science-industry relationships. We define that capacity as the System's articulation. We apply a methodology which analyses external information to the Programme as well as the inputs and outputs yielded with it. Therefore, we obtain information on the actual performance of the Spanish Food Innovation System and on the use of the Programme's tools. We also show that the efficiency of the Programme depends, to a large extent, on the human resources' and the managerial structure's performance and on the support of the interface structures to the researchers. Finally, the results of the outputs evaluation show that the use of mean values, as is usual, is misleading when we analyse heterogeneous scientific communities.
Educational interventions for primary healthcare professionals to promote the early diagnosis of cancer: a systematic review

BACKGROUND Primary healthcare professionals seem to lack knowledge and skills in the area of diagnosing cancer which may lead to more advanced stage at diagnosis, poorer cancer survival figures and increased morbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the evidence of effectiveness of educational interventions for primary healthcare professionals to promote the early diagnosis of cancer. METHODS We searched bibliographic databases, the grey literature and reference lists for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of educational interventions delivered at an individual clinician and practice level. RESULTS We found sufficient evidence that interactive education, computerised reminder systems and audit and feedback delivered to clinicians may significantly increase several cancer detection measures in the short term and some evidence that they promote early diagnosis. Whilst educational outreach and local opinion leaders had some effect, formal education alone seemed ineffectual. CONCLUSION Certain educational interventions delivered at a clinician as well as at a practice level may promote the early diagnosis of cancer in primary care. There is currently limited evidence for their long-term sustainability and effectiveness.
Determining the optimal investment plan for water utilities: the case of Veolia Water Central

Water utilities face difficult choices in how most efficiently to plan for investments that best meet the needs of their customer base. An obvious interest of water utilities is thus to optimise their investment planning to obtain the maximum possible benefits for the costs accrued by the investments. The objective of this article is to demonstrate an approach for a water utility to determine the benefits of investments in different possible service areas. We used a stated preference choice experiment approach to estimate the willingness-to-pay of customers of a utility company in Southeast England for various water services that are both private and public in nature. Using state-of-the-art econometric methods, we demonstrate how customer preferences can be estimated at the individual level, as opposed to more standard modelling approaches that assume that tastes are homogeneous among the customer population. Willingness-to-pay results were mostly statistically significant for the various private and public services presented to customers, and results conformed to the expectations of economic theory. We demonstrate how individual-level customer preferences can be used to forecast the preferred alternatives of customers when faced with different possible investment programmes. Lastly, we outline how various benefits and costs, including those captured by willingness-to-pay, are used to optimise the water utility's investment planning.
Progress towards understanding the nature of chromatid breakage

The wide range of sensitivities of stimulated T-cells from different individuals to radiation-induced chromatid breakage indicates the involvement of several low penetrance genes that appear to link elevated chromatid breakage to cancer susceptibility. The mechanisms of chromatid breakage are not yet fully understood. However, evidence is accumulating that suggests chromatid breaks are not simply expanded DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Three models of chromatid breakage are considered. The classical breakage-first and the Revell “exchange” models do not accord with current evidence. Therefore a derivative of Revell’s model has been proposed whereby both spontaneous and radiation-induced chromatid breaks result from DSB signaling and rearrangement processes from within large looped chromatin domains. Examples of such rearrangements can be observed by harlequin staining whereby an exchange of strands occurs immediately adjacent to the break site. However, these interchromatid rearrangements comprise less than 20% of the total breaks. The rest are thought to result from intrachromatid rearrangements, including a very small proportion involving complete excision of a looped domain. Work is in progress with the aim of revealing these rearrangements, which may involve the formation of inversions adjacent to the break sites. It is postulated that the disappearance of chromatid breaks with time results from the completion of such rearrangements, rather than from the rejoining of DSB. Elevated frequencies of chromatid breaks occur in irradiated cells with defects in both nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways, however there is little evidence of a correlation between reduced DSB rejoining and disappearance of chromatid breaks. Moreover, at least one treatment which abrogates the disappearance of chromatid breaks with time leaves DSB rejoining unaffected. The I-SceI DSB system holds considerable promise for the elucidation of these mechanisms, although the break frequency is relatively low in the cell lines so far derived. Techniques to study and improve such systems are under way in different cell lines. Clearly, much remains to be done to clarify the mechanisms involved in chromatid breakage, but the experimental models are becoming available with which we can begin to answer some of the key questions.
The Z-transform method for multidimensional dynamic economic systems

This article uses the Z-transform to develop a method for solving the linearised multidimensional discrete-time systems, which can be used to discuss the effects of policies on economy (including the welfare gains and initial effects on economy) raised by multi-sector perfect-foresight-discrete-time models. Our method is not restricted to the dimension of the dynamic system, and it can not only analyse the effect of permanent policy change on the economy but also can be used to analyse the effect of temporal policy change on the economy. As an application example, we analyse the effects of fiscal policy on the initial economy and social welfare in the discrete-time Uzawa–Lucas model.
ascular ontogeny within selected thoracoabdominal organs and the imbs

The cardiovascular system is fundamental to life. Its vessels are the conduits for delivery of nutrients and oxygen to organs and the removal of wastes. During embryonic development, the vascular system is instrumental in the formation of organs. It contributes to the form and pattern of organs as diverse as the limbs and the gonads. Recent advances in molecular biology and genomics have afforded great insight to the control of vascular development at subcellular levels of organization. Nevertheless, there is little assembled information concerning the vascular development of the organ systems of the body. This paper begins by reviewing the modes of formation of embryonic blood vessels. This is followed by summaries ngiogenesis ascular embryology lood vessel development astrointestinal
Hypoxia induces adenosine release from the rat carotid body

The effect of hypoxia on the release of adenosine was studied in vitro in the rat whole carotid body (CB) and compared with the effect of hypoxia (2%, 5% and 10% O2) on adenosine concentrations in superior cervical ganglia (SCG) and carotid arteries. Moderate hypoxia (10% O2) increased adenosine concentrations released from the CBs by 44%, but was not a strong enough stimulus to evoke adenosine release from SCG and arterial tissue. The extracellular pathways of adenosine production in rat CBs in normoxia and hypoxia were also investigated. S‐(p‐nitrobenzyl)‐6‐thioinosine (NBTI) and dipyridamole were used as pharmacological tools to inhibit adenosine equilibrative transporters (ENT) and α,β‐methylene ADP (AOPCP) to inhibit ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase. Approximately 40% of extracellular adenosine in the CB came from the extracellular catabolism of ATP, under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Low pO2 triggers adenosine efflux through activation of NBTI‐sensitive ENT. This effect was only apparent in hypoxia and when adenosine extracellular concentrations were reduced by the blockade of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase. We concluded that CB chemoreceptor sensitivity could be related to its low threshold for the release of adenosine in response to hypoxia here quantified for the first time.
Bank Capital and Liquidity

Bank capital, and a bank’s liquidity position, are concepts that are central to understanding what banks do, the risks they take and how best those risks should be mitigated. This article provides a primer on these concepts. It can be misleading to think of capital as ‘held’ or ‘set aside’ by banks; capital is not an asset. Rather, it is a form of funding — one that can absorb losses that could otherwise threaten a bank’s solvency. Meanwhile, liquidity problems arise due to interactions between funding and the asset side of the balance sheet — when a bank does not hold sufficient cash (or assets that can easily be converted into cash) to repay depositors and other creditors. The article also explains the role of prudential regulation of banks, which seeks to ensure that banks have sufficient capital and liquidity resources to properly account for the risks that they take.