Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid poly(dimethylsiloxane)-silicon microreactors used for molecular computing

The goal of this research is to improve the modular stability and programmability of DNA-based computers and is a second step towards optical programmable DNA computing. The main focus here is on hydrodynamic stability. Clockable microreactors can be connected in various ways to solve combinatorial optimization problems, such as maximum clique or 3-SAT. This work demonstrates by construction how one microreactor design can be programmed to solve any instance of maximum clique up to its given maximum size (N). It reports on an implementation of the architecture proposed previously (McCaskill J S 2001 Biosystems 59 125–38). This contrasts with conventional DNA computing where the individual sequence of biochemical operations depends on the specific problem. In this pilot study we are tackling a graph for the maximum clique problem with N ≤ 12, with a special emphasis on N = 6. Furthermore, the design of the DNA solution space will be presented, which is symbolized by a set of bit-strings (words).
Linking Multidimensional Item Calibrations

Invariance of trait scales across changing samples of items and examinees is a central tenet of item re sponse theory (IRT). However, scales defined by most IRT models are truly invariant with respect to certain linear transformations of the parameters. The problem is to find the proper transformation that places separate calibrations on a common scale. A variety of proce dures for estimating transformations have been pro posed for unidimensional models. This paper explores some issues involved in extending and adapting unidi mensional linking procedures for use with multidimen sional IRT models.
Two-level description of gain and mixing susceptibilities in amplifying semiconductor materials

Optical-intensity-dependent gain and mixing susceptibilities of amplifying semiconductor materials have been calculated using the density-matrix approach. The model, which takes intraband relaxation and carrier-injection rate into account, allows for numerical computation of these susceptibilities, whatever the medium saturation is. As a simplification, an equivalent two-level system is derived which represents the gain and nearly degenerate four-wave mixing susceptibilities. Such an equivalence, which leads to the same field-induced polarization as the conventional rate equation model, also connects the two-level (or rate equation) parameters to the real characteristics of the semiconductor material. >
Focusing performance of epoxy‐ and air‐backed polyvinylidene fluoride Fresnel zone plates

In this paper the focusing performance of epoxy‐ and air‐backed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Fresnel zone plate (FZP) transducers are investigated. This work is motivated by an interest in constructing integrated, polymer FZP transducers for imaging applications on a silicon substrate using integrated circuit fabrication techniques. While it is well known that using an impedance matched backing facilitates broadband transducer performance, to the authors’ knowledge the effects on the acoustic beam patterns of polymer FZPs have not been reported. A model for the ideal zone plate is also presented, and a general pressure transfer function is derived in order to generate theoretical beam profiles. Epoxy‐ and air‐backed, three‐zone FZPs were constructed using 111 μm thick PVDF. The devices were tested in an ultrasound scanning tank while operating at 5 MHz. The focal plane profile for the epoxy‐backed device was in good agreement with that predicted for the ideal zone plate. In addition, the epoxy backing was found to dampen higher order radial mode excitation. The radial modes are believed to be responsible for the narrow main lobe and elevated side lobes found in the focal plane profile for the air‐backed device.
Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals

MARK provides parameter estimates from marked animals when they are re-encountered at a later time as dead recoveries, or live recaptures or re-sightings. The time intervals between re-encounters do not have to be equal. More than one attribute group of animals can be modelled. The basic input to MARK is the encounter history for each animal. MARK can also estimate the size of closed populations. Parameters can be constrained to be the same across re-encounter occasions, or by age, or group, using the parameter index matrix. A set of common models for initial screening of data are provided. Time effects, group effects, time x group effects and a null model of none of the above, are provided for each parameter. Besides the logit function to link the design matrix to the parameters of the model, other link functions include the log—log, complimentary log—log, sine, log, and identity. The estimates of model parameters are computed via numerical maximum likelihood techniques. The number of parameters that are.
Co-Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies

Abstract We study the evolution of the MBH/Mhost relation up to z = 3 for a sample of 96 quasars with known host galaxy luminosities. Black hole masses are estimated assuming virial equilibrium in the broad-line regions, while the host galaxy masses are inferred from their luminosities. With this data, we are able to pin down the evolution of the MBH/Mhost relation over 85% of the age of the universe. While the MBH/Lhost relation remains nearly unchanged, taking into account the aging of the stellar population, we find that the MBH/Mhost ratio (Γ) increases by a factor ~ 7 from z = 0 to z = 3. We show that the evolution of Γ is independent of radio loudness and quasar luminosity. We propose that the most massive black holes, in their quasar phase at high-redshift, become extremely rare objects in host galaxies of similar mass in the local universe.
Modeling Collective Behavior for Fish School With Deep Q-Networks

Modeling collective behavior is a way to better understand the mechanisms that govern collective animal behaviors. Traditional rule-based modeling methods rely heavily on human prior knowledge and may not provide a proper explanation of the phenomenon of collective behaviors. This paper proposes a Deep Q-Networks (DQN)-based modeling method for fish school. Firstly, an individual’s state (continuous value) is expressed by the angle between its direction and the average direction of its perceived neighbors. An individual’s action is represented with discretized turning angle. Then, the reward function is constructed with the change in the number of neighbors. And finally, the neural network structure is constructed to represent the Q-value function and is trained by the DQN algorithm. The proposed approach is tested in two scenarios: single-learner and multi-learner. Results show that in both scenarios the proposed method can gradually converge and finally obtain a model that can produce collective behavior. On this basis, this paper also deeply analyzes the learned model from the perspectives of average order parameter and collective behavior patterns. It verifies that the behavior pattern generated by the learned model is a highly ordered collective behavior. In addition, we make a comparison between our proposed approach and the Q-Learning algorithm. The results show that our approach not only has a stronger ability to express policy and is better at handling continuous states but also has a more stable learning performance in training.
Seasonal and interannual variation of equatorial waves in ERA5 and GloSea5

This study presents an analysis of the equatorial waves in the ERA5 reanalysis and forecasts of the Met Office Global Seasonal Forecast System version 5 (GloSea5), by projecting dynamical fields onto theoretical equatorial wave modes. The seasonal and interannual variation of equatorial wave activity in GloSea5 is evaluated against ERA5 waves. We find that in ERA5 the seasonal and spatial variations of eastward‐moving Kelvin wave activity are mainly determined by the ambient zonal flow, with wave activity being stronger in easterlies than westerlies. For the westward‐moving mixed Rossby–gravity waves and equatorial Rossby waves, the seasonal and spatial variations of the upper‐tropospheric wave activity are determined by both the ambient flow and extratropical forcing with stronger wave activity generally in the westerlies, whilst the lower‐tropospheric wave activity is related to the ambient flow and tropical convection. In GloSea5, the Kelvin wave activity is not well simulated in the upper troposphere, and in general the wave activity and wave‐related convective signal are too weak. In contrast, GloSea5 performs better for the westward‐moving equatorial waves, including their Doppler‐shifted eastward‐moving components, despite a significant overestimation in the Atlantic and African region. The phase of ENSO has a substantial impact on equatorial waves in both ERA5 and GloSea5. The mechanism of the impact is through changes in the ENSO‐related ambient flow, upper‐tropospheric extratropical forcing, and tropical convection. GloSea5 can capture the low‐level Kelvin wave–ENSO relationship reasonably well, with stronger wave activity over the eastern Pacific in El Niño, although the ENSO‐driven variation is too weak. The wave–ENSO relationship for westward‐moving waves is well represented in GloSea5, especially in the upper‐level eastern‐Pacific westerly duct region in the extended boreal winter and the low‐level Indo‐Pacific in all seasons. We conclude that in GloSea5 the representation of the wave–ENSO teleconnection is the key driver for the performance of interannual variability in the wave activity.
Sol–Gel Photonic Glasses: From Material to Application

In this review, we present a short overview of the development of sol–gel glasses for application in the field of photonics, with a focus on some of the most interesting results obtained by our group and collaborators in that area. Our main attention is devoted to silicate glasses of different compositions, which are characterized by specific optical and spectroscopic properties for various applications, ranging from luminescent systems to light-confining structures and memristors. In particular, the roles of rare-earth doping, matrix composition, the densification process and the fabrication protocol on the structural, optical and spectroscopic properties of the developed photonic systems are discussed through appropriate examples. Some achievements in the fabrication of oxide sol–gel optical waveguides and of micro- and nanostructures for the confinement of light are also briefly discussed.
Slow wave plasma structures for direct electron acceleration

Two highly versatile experimental techniques are demonstrated for making preformed plasma waveguides with a periodic structure capable of supporting the propagation of ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulses up to 2×1017 W cm−2, limited by the available laser energy. These waveguides are made in hydrogen, nitrogen and argon plasmas with a length of 15 mm and a modulation period as short as 35 μm. Simulations show that these guides allow direct laser acceleration of electrons, achieving gradients of 80 MV cm−1 and 10 MV cm−1 for laser pulse powers of 1.9 TW and 30 GW, respectively. It is also shown that the periodic structure in these waveguides supresses the Raman forward instability, which could otherwise interfere with the direct acceleration scheme proposed.
Clustering Analysis on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators for Forty-Five Asian Countries

This paper draws upon the United Nations 2022 data report on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across the following four dimensions: economic, social, environmental and institutional. Ward’s method was applied to obtain clustering results for forty-five Asian countries to understand their level of progress and overall trends in achieving SDGs. We identified varying degrees of correlation between the four dimensions. The results show that East Asian countries performed poorly in the economic dimension, while some countries in Southeast Asia and Central and West Asia performed relatively well. Regarding social and institutional dimensions, the results indicate that East and Central Asian countries performed relatively better than others. Finally, in the environmental dimension, West and South Asian countries showed better performance than other Asian countries. The insights gathered from this study can inform policymakers of these countries about their own country’s position in achieving SDGs in relation to other Asian countries, as they work towards establishing strategies for improving their sustainable development targets.
Modeling the Climatic Suitability of COVID-19 Cases in Brazil

Studies have shown that climate may affect the distribution of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its incidence and fatality rates. Here, we applied an ensemble niche modeling approach to project the climatic suitability of COVID-19 cases in Brazil. We estimated the cumulative incidence, mortality rate, and fatality rate of COVID-19 between 2020 and 2021. Seven statistical algorithms (MAXENT, MARS, RF, FDA, CTA, GAM, and GLM) were selected to model the climate suitability for COVID-19 cases from diverse climate data, including temperature, precipitation, and humidity. The annual temperature range and precipitation seasonality showed a relatively high contribution to the models, partially explaining the distribution of COVID-19 cases in Brazil based on the climatic suitability of the territory. We observed a high probability of climatic suitability for high incidence in the North and South regions and a high probability of mortality and fatality rates in the Midwest and Southeast regions. Despite the social, viral, and human aspects regulating COVID-19 cases and death distribution, we suggest that climate may play an important role as a co-factor in the spread of cases. In Brazil, there are regions with a high probability that climatic suitability will contribute to the high incidence and fatality rates of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021.
An eight‐element sequentially rotated crescent‐slot‐coupled dielectric resonator antenna array for WIFI applications

In this communication, the author presents an eight‐element sequentially rotated (SR) circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for operation in the IEEE 802.11a standard. A novel resonating element composed of a crescent slot (CS) used to excite a rectangular dielectric resonator (RDR) is proposed that has two orthogonal modes TE1δ1y and TEδ21x as required for CP radiation. An SR series–parallel geometry is used to prototype the array feed network to allocate the array elements to symmetrical positions. The phase progression of each element was 45° along the array, and the signal magnitude was distributed evenly based on the binomial theory to enhance the antenna performance. The prototyped SR array had a size of 46×46×0.813 mm3 and was measured and characterized in order to authenticate the design. The resonance bandwidth (S11 ˂ −10 dB) was found to be 14.28% with a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) of 17.7% for right‐hand CP. The gain varied from 15.71 to 16.26 dBi within the operating band. The size, gain, and impedance bandwidth of the proposed array make it a potential candidate for devices operating in the IEEE 802.11a band.
The perioperative outcomes of uniportal robotic-assisted thoracic surgeries—a systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical cohort studies and case reports

Background Early results have illustrated the multiportal robotic approach to be safe and oncologically efficacious in the treatment of thoracic malignancies. Industry leaders have improved upon the lessons learned during the early multiportal studies and have now come to establish the feasibility of the biportal, and subsequently the uniportal robotic-assisted approach, all in an effort to offer patients equivalent or better outcomes with less surgical trauma. No current, coherent body of evidence currently exists outlining the early-term outcomes of patients undergoing uniportal robotic-assisted thoracic surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to clarify the early-phase outcomes of these patients. Methods An electronic search of four databases was performed to identify relevant studies outlining the immediate post-operative outcomes of patients undergoing uniportal robotic-assisted thoracic surgeries. The primary endpoint was defined as technical success (i.e., no conversion to secondary robotic, video-assisted thoracoscopic, or open approaches). Secondary endpoints of interest included post-operative outcomes and complication rates. A meta-analysis using a random effects model of proportions or means was applied, as appropriate. Results The search strategy ultimately yielded 12 relevant studies for inclusion. A total of 240 patients (52% male) split across cohort studies and case reports were identified. The mean age of the two groups was 59.7±3.0 and 58.1±6.8 years, respectively. The mean operative time was 133.8±38.2 and 150.0±52.2 minutes, respectively. Length of hospital stay was 4.4±1.6 and 4.3±1.1 days, respectively. The mean blood loss was 80.0±25.1 mL The majority of identified procedures were lobectomies, segmentectomies, and wedge resections, though complex sleeve resections and anterior mediastinal mass resections were also completed. Cumulative technical success was 99.9%. Conclusions The uniportal robotic-assisted approach, when completed in expert hands, has been illustrated to have exceedingly low rates of conversion to secondary procedures, along with short length of stay (LOS), minimal blood loss, and short procedural times (variable depending on operation type). Current evidence on the feasibility of this approach will be bolstered by upcoming multi-institutional series.
Tree Versus Geometric Representation of Tests and Items

Factor-analytic techniques and multidimensional scaling models are the traditional ways of representing the interrelations among tests and items. Both can be classified as geometric approaches. This study at tempted to broaden the scope of models traditionally used, and to apply an additive tree model (ADDTREE) that belongs to the family of network models. Correla tion matrices were obtained from three studies and were analyzed using two representation models: Smallest Space Analysis (ssA), which is a multidimen sional scaling model, and ADDTREE. The results of both analyses were compared for the two criteria of goodness of fit and interpretability. To enable a com parison with the more traditional factor-analytic ap proach, the data were also subjected to principal com ponents analyses. ADDTREE fared better in both comparisons. Moreover, ADDTREE lends itself readily to an interpretation in terms of hierarchical cluster structure, whereas it is difficult to interpret SSA's di mensions. ADDTREE'S close fit to the data and its co herence of presentation make it a convenient means of representing tests and items. Index terms: additive trees, ADDTREE, factor analysis, hierarchical cluster ing, multidimensional scaling, Smallest Space Analy sis.
MetaFi++: WiFi-Enabled Transformer-Based Human Pose Estimation for Metaverse Avatar Simulation

In the metaverse, digital avatar plays an important role in representing human beings for various interaction with virtual objects and environments, which puts a high demand on effective pose estimation. Though camera-based solutions yield remarkable performance, they encounter privacy issues and degraded performance caused by varying illumination, especially in the smart home. In this article, we propose a WiFi-based Internet of Things-enabled human pose estimation scheme for metaverse avatar simulation, namely, MetaFi++. Specifically, WPFormer is designed with a shared convolutional module and a Transformer block to map the channel state information of WiFi signals to human pose landmarks, effectively exploring spatial information of human pose through self-attention. It is enforced to learn the annotations from the accurate computer vision model, thus achieving cross-modal supervision. Due to the ubiquitous existence of WiFi and robustness to various illumination conditions, WiFi-based human poses are suitable to instruct the movement of digital avatars in the metaverse, promoting avatar applications in smart homes. The experiments are conducted in the real world, and the results show that the MetaFi++ achieves very high performance with a PCK@50 of 97.30%. Our codes are available in https://github.com/pridy999/metafi_pose_estimation.
Space telescope design considerations

Abstract. The design considerations for astronomical space telescopes cover many disciplines but can be simplified into two overarching constraints: the desire to maximize science while adhering to budgetary constraints. More than ever, understanding the cost implications up front will be critical to success. Science performance can be translated into a set of simple performance metrics that set the requirements for design options. Cost is typically estimated by considering mass, complexity, technology maturity, and heritage. With this in mind, we survey the many diverse design considerations for a space telescope and, where appropriate, relate them to these basic performance metrics. In so doing, we hope to provide a roadmap for future space telescope designers on how best to optimize the design to maximize science and minimize total cost.
Magnetic field and magnetization loss calculation in an HTS transmission cable considering the axial field component of SC tape

One of the major issues in power application of the HTS transmission cable is the AC loss as it is related with power transmission capacity and efficiency. Although the HTS transmission cable has only transport current without external magnetic field, the magnetization loss as well as the transport current loss is generated because any tape constituting transmission cable is exposed to magnetic fields given by currents flowing in other tapes of cable. The magnetic field induced by layer flowing current in the transmission cable have two components, that is, axial component magnetic fields at inner region and azimuthal component at outer region of each layer for transmission cable axis due to winding structure of cable. Therefore, any tape in the cable experience parallel and axial component magnetic field for tape wide face. So, the magnetization loss must be calculated in consideration of this field configuration.
A Neumann–Neumann algorithm for a mortar finite element discretization of fourth‐order elliptic problems in 2D

Here we present and analyze a Neumann–Neumann algorithm for the mortar finite element discretization of elliptic fourth‐order problems with discontinuous coefficients. The fully parallel algorithm is analyzed using the abstract Schwarz framework, proving a convergence which is independent of the parameters of the problem, and depends only logarithmically on the ratio between the subdomain size and the mesh size. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
The stability of spectral schemes for the large eddy simulation of channel flows

In a spectral LES code it is not possible to treat the actual eddy viscosity implicitly. We have therefore examined the effect on stability of adding a constant pseudo-viscosity to the implicit term and subtracting it from the explicit term: stability limits have been derived theoretically and verified computationally for two different treatments of the explicit term. We have also studied the effect of a stochastic temporal variation of the eddy viscosity.