Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic in Digital Dentistry: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Our Current Understanding

Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic is a new innovative dental material with unique a chemical composition that is designed to combine harmoniously with the appropriate optical properties of lithium disilicate and the enhanced mechanical strength of zirconia. A thorough understanding of ZLS materials is essential for both clinicians and dental technicians. At present, the mechanical behavior and optical properties of the ZLS ceramic system have not been extensively researched, and there is still a lack of consensus regarding the fabrication process and clinical behavior of ZLS all-ceramic restorations. The aim of the present study was to present a selection of comprehensive information concerning zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics and their optical and mechanical properties, as well as to assess data regarding cementation procedures and clinical outcomes for ZLS all-ceramic restorations. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were used for the research by two independent reviewers. The search was limited to articles published in the English language, as well as clinical and in vitro studies of color and studies on mechanical behavior and the cementation procedures of ZLS restorations. The exclusion criteria comprised abstracts, questionnaire-based studies, case reports, literature reviews, and studies that were not available in English. Zirconia-reinforced lithium-silicate-based ceramic presents a unique and complex microstructure that increases mechanical resistance but decreases aesthetic appearance, especially its translucency, due to tetragonal zirconia content. A material’s thickness, the color of the underlying tooth structure, and the resin cement shade are important factors that influence the final shade and aesthetic appearance of ZLS restorations. Mechanical properties, which are defined by the fracture toughness, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and hardness of ZLS ceramic are higher compared to feldspathic, lithium disilicate, and hybrid ceramics, as well as resin nanoceramics; however, they are lower than translucent or high-translucency zirconia. Acid etching, sandblasting, and laser etching represent the most used methods to prepare the ZLS restoration surfaces for proper bonding procedures.
Association of Family History and Polygenic Risk Score With Longitudinal Prognosis in Parkinson Disease

Background and Objectives Evidence suggests that either family history or polygenic risk score (PRS) is associated with developing Parkinson disease (PD). However, little is known about the longitudinal prognosis of PD according to family history and higher PRS. Methods From the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database, 395 patients with PD who followed up for more than 2 years were grouped into those with family history within first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree relatives (N = 127 [32.2%]) vs those without (N = 268 [67.8%]). The PRS of 386 patients was computed using whole-genome sequencing data. Longitudinal assessment of motor, cognition, and imaging based on dopaminergic degeneration was conducted during the regular follow-up period. Effects of family history, PRS, or both on longitudinal changes of cognition, motor severity, and nigrostriatal degeneration were tested using a linear mixed model. The risk of freezing of gait (FOG) according to family history was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Results During a median follow-up of 9.1 years, PD with positive family history showed a slower decline of caudate dopamine transporter uptake (β estimate of family history × time = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.002–0.036, p = 0.027). Family history of PD and higher PRS were independently associated with a slower decline of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (β estimate of family history × time = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.02–0.22, p = 0.017; β estimate of PRS × time = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03–0.16, p = 0.006). In those 364 patients without FOG at baseline, PD with positive family history had a lower risk of FOG (hazard ratio of family history = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38–0.84, p = 0.005). Discussion Having a family history of PD predicts slower progression of cognitive decline and caudate dopaminergic degeneration, and less FOG compared with those without a family history independent of PRS. Taken together, information on family history could be used as a proxy for the clinical heterogeneity of PD. Trial Registration Information The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01141023), and the enrollment began June 1, 2010.
Medical Burden of Disease Among Individuals in Recovery From Alcohol and Other Drug Problems in the United States: Findings From the National Recovery Survey.

OBJECTIVES The medical sequalae of alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems exact a prodigious personal and societal cost, but little is known about the specific prevalence of such medical problems, and their relationship to quality of life and indices of well-being among those recovering from problematic AOD use. To better characterize the lifetime physical disease burden, this study investigated the prevalence of medical conditions commonly caused or exacerbated by excessive and chronic AOD exposure in a nationally representative sample of US adults in AOD problem recovery. Comparisons were made to the general US population. Demographic and clinical correlates of disease prevalence were also investigated along with the relationship between distinct medical conditions and indices of quality of life/well-being. METHODS Cross-sectional nationally representative survey of the US adult population who report resolving an AOD problem (n = 2002). Weighted lifetime prevalence of common medical conditions were estimated and compared to the US population. Demographic and clinical correlates of medical conditions, and also overall disease burden, were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS Relative to the general population, prevalence of hepatitis C, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, and diabetes were elevated. Likelihood of having a lifetime diagnosis of a specific disease was related to primary substance used and sex. Quality of life was lower among those with physical disease histories relative to those without. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the increased medical burden associated with AOD problems, and speak to the need for earlier and more sustained intervention for AOD problems, greater integration of addiction treatment and primary health care, and longitudinal research to explore the complex, dynamic relationships between AOD use and physical disease.
Sequence Analysis and Homology Modelling of SmHQT Protein, a Key Player in Chlorogenic Acid Pathway of Eggplant

Eggplant is an important vegetable that belongs to family Solanaceae. Fruits of eggplant are rich in phenolic acids. Chlorogenic acid makes up to 90 per cent of total phenolic acids present in the eggplants fruit flesh. Eggplant hydroxycinnamoyl CoA-quinate (SmHQT) is the central enzyme that modulates the last step of the chlorogenic acid pathway of eggplant. Here, we have analysed the sequence of eggplant SmHQT protein in eggplant. The sequence obtained from the NCBI was aligned using MUSCLE. After that, homology modelling was performed using MODELLER 9v15. Model with Dope Z-Score of −1.596 was selected and verified for viability under real conditions using several online tools. Also, the docking was performed with this model. Overall, this could be useful in developing eggplant varieties rich in phenolic acids especially chlorogenic acid.
The auroral ionosphere TEC response to an interplanetary shock

This letter investigates the global total electron content (TEC) response in the auroral ionosphere to an interplanetary shock on 8 March 2012, using GPS TEC data from three pierce point chains. One is a longitudinal chain along ~65° magnetic latitude (MLAT) from ~19 magnetic local time (MLT) through dayside to 03 MLT clockwise; one meridional chain is around 14 MLT from 88° to 59° MLAT; and the third one is a chain along ~75° MLAT from ~14 to 00 MLT clockwise. The first chain clearly presents a TEC signal propagation away from ~14 MLT, indicating the shock impact location. Such a propagation is well consistent with the diffuse shock aurora propagation, and the impact location is well predicted by the shock normal direction calculated using the Geotail solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field data. The meridional chain reveals a very fast TEC signal equatorward expansion at ~45 km/s, which is the manifestation of the shock impact and further compression near the subsolar magnetopause. While TEC along the high‐latitude chain varies randomly, lacking any pattern, it is consistent with the discrete aurora dynamics along the poleward boundary of the auroral oval. These findings strongly support the shock aurora mechanisms of adiabatic compression and field‐aligned current establishment or enhancement, suggest that due to the same mechanisms a shock‐generated TEC variation is a “duplication” of the shock aurora from the global picture to the auroral forms and their dynamics, and open the door for the TEC to be an important tool to understand the solar wind and geospace coupling. These results, for the first time, reveal the prompt, intense, and global ionospheric TEC response to the interplanetary fast‐forward shock.
Sevoflurane Preconditioning plus Postconditioning Decreases Inflammatory Response with Hemodynamic Recovery in Experimental Liver Ischemia Reperfusion

Objective The inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane has presented numerous biological activities, including anti-inflammatory properties and protective effects against tissue ischemic injury. This study investigated the metabolic, hemodynamic, and inflammatory effects of sevoflurane pre- and postconditioning for short periods in the rescue of liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury using a rat model. Materials and Methods Twenty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham group, control ischemia group (partial warm liver ischemia for 45 min followed by 4 h of reperfusion), SPC group (administration of sevoflurane 2.5% for 15 min with 5 min of washout before liver IR), and SPPoC group (administration of sevoflurane 2.5% for 15 min before ischemia and 20 min during reperfusion). Results All animals showed a decrease in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and portal vein blood flow during ischemia. After 4 h of reperfusion, only the SPPoC group had MAP recovery. In both the SPC and SPPoC groups, there was a decrease in the ALT level and an increase in the bicarbonate and potassium serum levels. Only the SPPoC group showed an increase in the arterial blood ionized calcium level and a decrease in the IL-6 level after liver reperfusion. Therefore, this study demonstrated that sevoflurane preconditioning reduces hepatocellular injury and acid-base imbalance in liver ischemia. Furthermore, sevoflurane postconditioning promoted systemic hemodynamic recovery with a decrease in inflammatory response.
Clinical and economic impact of partnered pharmacist medication charting in the emergency department

Introduction: Partnered pharmacist medication charting (PPMC), a process redesign hypothesised to improve medication safety and interdisciplinary collaboration, was trialed in a tertiary hospital’s emergency department (ED). Objective: To evaluate the health-related impact and economic benefit of PPMC. Methods: A pragmatic, controlled study compared PPMC to usual care in the ED. PPMC included a pharmacist-documented best-possible medication history (BPMH), followed by a clinical conversation between a pharmacist and a medical officer to jointly develop a treatment plan and chart medications. Usual care included medical officer-led traditional medication charting in the ED, without a pharmacist-obtained BPMH or clinical conversation. Outcome measures, assessed after propensity score matching, were length of hospital or ED stay, relative stay index (RSI), in-hospital mortality, 30-day hospital readmissions or ED revisits, and cost. Results: A total of 309 matched pairs were analysed. The median RSI was reduced by 15.4% with PPMC (p = 0.029). There were no significant differences between the groups in the median length of ED stay (8 vs. 10 h, p = 0.52), in-hospital mortality (1.3% vs. 1.3%, p > 0.99), 30-day readmission rates (21% vs. 17%; p = 0.35) and 30-day ED revisit rates (21% vs. 19%; p = 0.68). The hospital spent approximately $138.4 for the cost of PPMC care per patient to avert at least one medication error bearing high/extreme risk. PPMC saved approximately $1269 on the average cost of each admission. Conclusion: Implementing the ED-based PPMC model was associated with a significantly reduced RSI and admission costs, but did not affect clinical outcomes, noting that there was an additional focus on medication reconciliation in the usual care group relative to current practice at our study site.
Stereo camera visual odometry for moving urban environments

This work proposes a system designed to estimate the ego-motion of a synchronized calibrated stereo camera in scenes containing a moderate number of moving objects. This is particularly useful in busy road scenes and populated urban areas. The key novelty of the proposed approach is that it estimates the motion of clusters of pixels between stereo frames, which allows it to explicitly reject clusters in motion. This is in contrast to current state-of-the-art algorithms, that tend to treat moving elements as outliers, which are removed using strategies such as RANSAC or M-estimators. Unfortunately treating moving pixels as outliers can give poor performance when the motion represents a signiﬁcant portion of pixels. The proposed approach overcomes this, if the motion is due to many independently moving objects (such as people or cars). Our experiments show promising results in a variety of urban environments.
Altitude Profiles of Biogenic Components of Atmospheric Aerosol in Southwestern Siberia

Unusual vertical profiles of concentrations of the total protein and culturable microorganisms in atmospheric aerosol of Southwestern Siberia at the altitudes from 500 to 7000 m were revealed previously. To understand the regularities of their formation, more detailed average annual profiles of these concentrations have been constructed, and their intra-year variation has been evaluated. It has been shown that no local bioaerosol sources contributing to the studied profiles are revealed during the warm period of the year against the background of the mean values of these concentrations of the total protein and culturable microorganisms for the studied atmospheric layer. The relation of the observed concentrations of the total protein and culturable microorganisms in atmospheric aerosol with concentrations of different elements in the same aerosol has been also analyzed. Chemical elements whose vertical profiles behave similarly to the observed vertical profiles of concentrations of the total protein and culturable microorganisms in atmospheric aerosol have been revealed.
A New Method for Silicon Triple Isotope Analysis With Application to Siliceous Sponge Spicules

Multiple isotope ratios of elements disclose information on the fractionation mechanism that cannot be obtained from a single isotope ratio alone. We describe a laser fluorination technique in combination with gas source mass spectrometry for the measurement of triple Si isotope ratios with high precision that allows resolving ppm‐level variability in triple silicon isotope ratios (29Si/28Si, 30Si/28Si) Δ‘29Si due to purely mass‐dependent fractionation in Si isotopes. We demonstrate how the triple silicon isotope ratios can be used to characterize different mass‐dependent processes that fractionate silicon isotopes. We report new data on reference materials (NBS‐28 [RM8546], Diatomite, BigBatch) and on siliceous sponges. Our triple silicon isotope data resolve that kinetic fractionation, possibly related to breaking Si(OH)4 molecules, causes the low δ30Si of sponges. The data further suggest that the cause for fractionation may be the same for the groups of Demospongiae, Homoscleromorpha, and Hexactinellida and that triple silicon isotope ratios of sponges have potential as seawater silicon isotope proxy.
Wakeby Distribution Modelling of Rainfall and Thunderstorm over Northern Areas of Pakistan

: Five parametric Wakeby (L-moment) distribution has been compared with Gaussian, Gumbell and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) for representing the rainfall and thunderstorm activities over four stations in the Northern areas of Pakistan (viz., Astore, Bunji, Garhi Dupatta and Muzaffarabad) for the period of 1961-2010. The test statistics of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test based on the empirical cumulative distribution function revealed that Wakeby modelling is quite suitable to model rainfall frequencies over all the considered stations while the same distribution also shows better model fittings for Astore, Garhi Dupatta and Muzaffarabad with exceptional case of Bunji where Gumbell distribution has a slightly better fit than the Wakeby. The intent of this paper is to present a contemporary statistical view of rainfall and thunderstorm investigation for the considered stations.
Searching Region-Free and Template-Free Siamese Network for Tracking Drones in TIR Videos

With the growing threat of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) intrusions, the topic of anti-UAV tracking has received widespread attention from the community. Traditional Siamese trackers struggle with small UAV targets and are plagued by model degradation issues. To mitigate this, we propose a novel searching region-free and template-free Siamese network (SiamSRT) to track UAV targets in thermal infrared (TIR) videos. The proposed tracker builds a two-stage Siamese architecture with the former providing detection of the first-frame ground truth by using a cross-correlated region proposal network (C-C RPN) and the latter providing detection of previous-frame predictions via a similarity-learning region convolutional neural network (S-L RCNN). In both stage, global proposals are acquired by region of interest (ROI) alignment operation to break the limitation of searching region. Then, a spatial location consistency function is introduced to suppress background thermal distractors and a temporal memory bank (TMB) is utilized to avoid template update degradation problem. Further, a single-category foreground detector (SCFD) is designed to independently predict the position of the UAV target. SCFD can re-initialize the tracker without the given target in the first frame, which can help to recover the tracking failures. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that SiamSRT achieves the best performance compared to the most advanced algorithms in the anti-UAV tracking missions.
BIOACTIVE METABOLITE PRODUCTION BY NOCARDIOPSIS SYNNEMATAFORMANSVLS-10 OF MANGROVE ORIGIN

Objective: Antibiotic resistance of pathogens has become a serious problem all over the world. Therefore, focusing for novel antibiotics is an important endeavor which is very much needed. Around 50 morphologically different Actinobacteria isolated from mangrove habitats of Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India were screened for antimicrobial activity. Methods: Among 50 isolates, one strain Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VLS-10 was identified based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches. The effect of environmental parameters such as incubation period, pH, temperature and salt concentration, and effect of various nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen sources and minerals on the bioactive metabolite production by N. synnemataformans VLS-10 was evaluated by employing agar well diffusion assay. Results: Among the 50 isolates, one strain designated as VLS-10 was efficient to produce potential secondary metabolites. It was identified as N. synnemataformans based on polyphasic taxonomy. The present work is mainly aimed to study process optimization parameters to get high yield of bioactive compounds. ISP-2 medium supplemented with sodium chloride @ 9% maintained at pH 7.0 supported maximum yield of secondary metabolites by the strain when incubated at 35°C for 9 days. Conclusion: Secondary metabolites possessed broad-spectrum activity against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Hence, strain N. synnemataformansVLS-10 becomes a significant source for antimicrobial compounds.
Eukaryotic CD-NTase, STING, and viperin proteins evolved via domain shuffling, horizontal transfer, and ancient inheritance from prokaryotes

Animals use a variety of cell-autonomous innate immune proteins to detect viral infections and prevent replication. Recent studies have discovered that a subset of mammalian antiviral proteins have homology to antiphage defense proteins in bacteria, implying that there are aspects of innate immunity that are shared across the Tree of Life. While the majority of these studies have focused on characterizing the diversity and biochemical functions of the bacterial proteins, the evolutionary relationships between animal and bacterial proteins are less clear. This ambiguity is partly due to the long evolutionary distances separating animal and bacterial proteins, which obscures their relationships. Here, we tackle this problem for 3 innate immune families (CD-NTases [including cGAS], STINGs, and viperins) by deeply sampling protein diversity across eukaryotes. We find that viperins and OAS family CD-NTases are ancient immune proteins, likely inherited since the earliest eukaryotes first arose. In contrast, we find other immune proteins that were acquired via at least 4 independent events of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria. Two of these events allowed algae to acquire new bacterial viperins, while 2 more HGT events gave rise to distinct superfamilies of eukaryotic CD-NTases: the cGLR superfamily (containing cGAS) that has since diversified via a series of animal-specific duplications and a previously undefined eSMODS superfamily, which more closely resembles bacterial CD-NTases. Finally, we found that cGAS and STING proteins have substantially different histories, with STING protein domains undergoing convergent domain shuffling in bacteria and eukaryotes. Overall, our findings paint a picture of eukaryotic innate immunity as highly dynamic, where eukaryotes build upon their ancient antiviral repertoires through the reuse of protein domains and by repeatedly sampling a rich reservoir of bacterial antiphage genes.
A model for iron deposition to euxinic Black Sea sediments

Sulfur isotope and C-S-Fe elemental data from the Lower Devonian (Siegenian/Emsian) Hunsruck Slate of Germany allow the conditions that led to the pyritization of soft-bodied fossils to be determined. The slates preserving pyritized soft-tissues generally contain low concentrations of organic matter (0.3-0.4 percent C) and pyrite sulfur (0-0.2 percent S) respectively but are unusually rich in total and HCl-extractable iron (concentrations of iron are significantly lower in samples of the Hunsruck Slate from areas where fossils lack pyritized soft-tissues). The fossil pyrite is very enriched in S-34 compared to fine-grained, disseminated pyrite In the adjacent slates (Delta(fossil-sediment) = 10 to 50 permil), suggesting that pyritization of the fossils persisted into later stages of authigenic mineralization. Pyrite formation in the sediments was limited by the low concentrations of metabolisable organic matter, leaving residual sulfate and iron available for continued fossil pyritization in organic-rich microenvironments, A diffusion-with-precipitation model indicates that a critical control on the initial preservation of readily metabolisable soft tissue in this way is the presence of high concentrations of sediment iron capable of being solubilized during shallow burial diagenesis in association with low concentrations of metabolisable organic matter in the matrix. Pore waters rich in dissolved iron allow the sulfide generated by the decay of readily metabolisable soft tissue to be trapped efficiently within the carcass.