Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Arsenical and Diamidine Uptake and Resistance in Trypanosoma brucei

ABSTRACT Sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei spp. , has become resurgent in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, there is an alarming increase in treatment failures with melarsoprol, the principal agent used against late-stage sleeping sickness. In T. brucei, the uptake of melarsoprol as well as diamidines is thought to be mediated by the P2 aminopurine transporter, and loss of P2 function has been implicated in resistance to these agents. The trypanosomal gene TbAT1 has been found to encode a P2-type transporter when expressed in yeast. Here we investigate the role of TbAT1 in drug uptake and drug resistance in T. brucei by genetic knockout of TbAT1. Tbat1-null trypanosomes were deficient in P2-type adenosine transport and lacked adenosine-sensitive transport of pentamidine and melaminophenyl arsenicals. However, the null mutants were only slightly resistant to melaminophenyl arsenicals and pentamidine, while resistance to other diamidines such as diminazene was more pronounced. Nevertheless, the reduction in drug sensitivity might be of clinical significance, since mice infected with tbat1-null trypanosomes could not be cured with 2 mg of melarsoprol/kg of body weight for four consecutive days, whereas mice infected with the parental line were all cured by using this protocol. Two additional pentamidine transporters, HAPT1 and LAPT1, were still present in the null mutant, and evidence is presented that HAPT1 may be responsible for the residual uptake of melaminophenyl arsenicals. High-level arsenical resistance therefore appears to involve the loss of more than one transporter.
A comparison of alternation in myocardial action potentials and contractility.

SPEAK, JOSEPH F. , AND E. NEIL MOORE. A comparison of alternation in myocardial action potentials and contractility. Am. J. Physiol. 220(6): 1708-1716. 197 1 . -The transmembrane potentials and isometric force of contraction were simultaneously recorded from the isolated papillary muscles of the cat, rabbit, guinea pig, and rat right ventricles, and from frog ventricular trabeculae. The pattern of behavior of the mammalian myocardium in response to rate, rhythm, and temperature changes argues that the basis for mechanical alternation is not alternation in the action potential. Alternation in the action potential appears to occur secondarily to alternation in contractile force. It is suggested that the pattern of alternation in action potentials in different circumstances is due to the relative contribution of two factors on the electrical properties of the excitable membrane. The factors are the influence of closely evoked action potentials on each other and the influence on the action potential of the underlying processes causing contraction and relaxation. In contrast to the mammalian myocardium, alternation in the mechanical activity of the frog myocardium appears to be due entirely to primary alternation in the action potentials.
Sumner ' s " On Testing the Sense of Smell " Revisited

The routine test of olfaction need not lead to an ambiguous outcome, a rather widely held notion. A multiple-choice test of odor identification that avoided the difficulty of retrieving odor names yielded excellent resolution among the categories normosmic, hyposmic, and anosmic. The outcome agreed almost perfectly with a more complicated test of threshold and offered much encouragement for the use of odor identification in rapid screening of olfaction.
Chromosomal Translocation t ( 10 ; 19 ) ( q 11 . 2 ; q 13 . 4 ) in an Infertile Male İnfertil bir Erkekte t

Chromosomal rearrangements are usually associated with male factor infertility. We report here a 34-year-old man suffering from primary infertility for 15 years. The cytogenetic analysis and investigation of Y-chromosome microdeletions were performed. A reciprocal balanced translocation t (10;19) (q11.2;q13.4) was found in oligozoospermic infertile men with no Y-chromosome microdeletions. In this case, we aimed to evaluate the 46,XY,t (10;19) (q11.2;q13.4) karyotype, which was detected through a cytogenetic analysis of a person referred to our genetic laboratory due to primary infertility, in the light of the literature.
Critical Periods for the Effects of Infantile Experience on Adult Learning

Mice were shocked with 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 ma of current at 2 to 3, 8 to 9, or 15 to 16 days. Handled, nonshocked and nonhandled controls were also used. In adulthood each group was split into thirds and taught an avoidance response under shock of 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7 ma. The amount of shock given during infancy and adulthood, and the age at which shock occurred, were all found to have significant effects upon learning.
Generation and Detection of a 56 Gb/s Signal Using a DML and Half-Cycle 16-QAM Nyquist-SCM

A 16-QAM signal is generated using subcarrier modulation with a subcarrier frequency of half the symbol rate, Nyquist pulse shaping, and a directly modulated passive feedback laser at bit rates of 14, 28, and 56 Gb/s. Using polarization multiplexing emulation, a pre-amplified direct detection receiver and digital signal processing, loss margins of 12.6 and 8 dB are achieved for a 112 Gb/s dual polarization signal at back-to-back and after 4 km transmission, respectively.
Discrimination and classification of mangrove forests using EO-1 Hyperion data: a case study of Indian Sundarbans

Abstract In remote sensing the identification accuracy of mangroves is greatly influenced by terrestrial vegetation. This paper deals with the use of specific vegetation indices for extracting mangrove forests using Earth Observing-1 Hyperion image over a portion of Indian Sundarbans, followed by classification of mangroves into floristic composition classes. Five vegetation indices (three new and two published), namely Mangrove Probability Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Wetland Vegetation Index, Shortwave Infrared Absorption Index, Normalized Difference Infrared Index and Atmospherically Corrected Vegetation Index were used in decision tree algorithm to develop the mangrove mask. Then, three full-pixel classifiers, namely Minimum Distance, Spectral Angle Mapper and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were evaluated on the data within the mask. SVM performed better than the other two classifiers with an overall precision of 99.08%. The methodology presented here may be applied in different mangrove areas for producing community zonation maps at finer levels.
Metrology in the 3 rd Millennium June 22-27 , 2003 , Dubrovnik , Croatia STUDY OF ELECTRO-OPTIC AND ELECTROSTRICTIVE EFFECTS ON POLARIZATION IN SINGLE MODE FIBER

If the rotational symmetry of single mode (S.M.) fiber is disturbed, either during manufacturing or through some external perturbation the polarization modes have different propagation constant. Due to this generated birefringence, the linear polarized light through S.M. fiber is distributed in two orthogonal eigenmodes. As a result, the state of polarization (SOP) is changed at the exit end of the fiber. In the present paper, electro-optic effect on S.M. fiber has been induced by placing the fiber coil under electric field. Investigation shows that the developed birefringence in fiber arises mainly due to bending and electrostriction/Kerr effect. So, by varying the electric field, the developed anisotropy or birefringence ultimately can be utilized to control the state of polarization (SOP) at the output. Experimental study has been carried out on 40m. and 48m. coiled fiber under D.C. voltage (0 to 280 volts). Results show that SOP of two prototype polarization controllers, become circular i.e. λ/4 plate at 235 volts and 143 volts respectively. The external effect acting upon SM fiber is directly calibrated with respect to phase and ellipticity of light. The correction in calibration equation in particular case where ellipticity change is considerable, has been reported in the present paper. Experiment has been performed to verify the theoretical studies and error has been computed.
Adoption and use of social media by youngsters from the Colombian Caribbean Coast

This paper describes the rate of adoption, frequency and uses of Social Media by young people in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. We report a crosssectional survey of 502 youngsters (16 to 28 years) enrolled to the National Learning Service or Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA). Findings show that the average adoption rate of Social Media was 68 %, being the most frequently used Facebook (69.4 %), Google+ (57.6 %), Instagram (45.6 %) and Twitter (42.6 %). Data revealed that the main uses of Social Media by young Colombians were to read news stories, followed by connecting with friends and relatives, and finding music and videos. This is the first study in Colombia with youngsters belonging to low-income families but with frequent access to Internet, which contributes to understand the importance of Social Media in this vulnerable group. Our findings might also help to identify useful possibilities of new media for young people. Finally, we discuss practical implications of the results. keywords : ICTs, social media, innovation, adoption, youngs. fecha de recepción: Jul io 22 de 2016 fecha de aceptac ión: Noviembre 8 de 2016
Role of glutamate as the central neurotransmitter in the hypoxic ventilatory response.

Recent data suggest that the increase in ventilation during hypoxia may be related to the release of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate centrally. To further investigate this, we studied the effects of MK-801, a selective noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, on the hypoxic ventilatory response in lightly anesthetized spontaneously breathing intact dogs. The cardiopulmonary effects of sequential ventriculocisternal perfusion (VCP) at the rate of 1 ml/min with mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, control) and MK-801 (2 mM) were compared during normoxia and 8 min of hypoxic challenge with 12% O2. Minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory frequency (f) were recorded continuously, and hemodynamic parameters [heart rate (HR), blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure] were measured periodically. Each dog served as its own baseline control before and after each period of sequential VCP under the two different O2 conditions. During 15 min of normoxia, there were no significant changes in the cardiopulmonary parameters with mock CSF VCP, whereas with MK-801 VCP for 15 min, VE decreased by approximately 27%, both by reductions in VT and f (17 and 9.5%, respectively). HR, MAP, and CO were unchanged. During 8 min of hypoxia with mock CSF VCP, VE increased by 171% associated with increased VT and f (25 and 125%, respectively). HR, MAP, and CO were likewise augmented. In contrast, the hypoxic response during MK-801 VCP was characterized by an increased VE of 84%, mainly by a rise in f by 83%, whereas the VT response was abolished. The cardiovascular excitation was also inhibited. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Online Brain-Computer Interface Based on SSVEPs Measured From Non-Hair-Bearing Areas

Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) has gained a lot of attention due to its robustness and high information transfer rate (ITR). However, transitioning well-controlled laboratory-oriented BCI demonstrations to real-world applications poses severe challenges for this exciting field. For instance, conducting BCI experiments usually requires skilled technicians to abrade the area of skin underneath each electrode and apply an electrolytic gel or paste to acquire high-quality SSVEPs from hair-covered areas. Our previous proof-of-concept study has proposed an alternative approach that employed electroencephalographic signals collected from easily accessible non-hair-bearing areas including neck, behind the ears, and face to realize an SSVEP-based BCI. The study results showed that, with proper electrode placements and advanced signal-processing algorithms, the SSVEPs measured from non-hair-bearing areas in off-line SSVEP experiments could achieve comparable SNR to that obtained from the hair-bearing occipital areas. This study extended the previous work to systematically investigate the costs and benefits of non-hair SSVEPs. Furthermore, this study developed and evaluated an online BCI system based solely on non-hair EEG signals. A 12-target identification task was employed to quantitatively assess the performance of the online SSVEP-based BCI system. All subjects successfully completed the tasks using non-hair SSVEPs with 84.08 ± 15.60% averaged accuracy and 30.21 ± 10.61 bits/min averaged ITR. The empirical results of this study demonstrated the practicality of implementing an SSVEP-based BCI based on signals from non-hair-bearing areas, significantly improving the feasibility and practicality of real-world BCIs.
Post-deposition bioink self-assembly: a quantitative study

The outcome of a bioprinting process depends on both the deposition of the discrete bioink units and their ability to self-assemble into the desired structure following deposition. Post-printing structure formation is an autonomous process governed by fundamental biological organizing principles. As the quantitative formulation of such principles is notoriously difficult, bioprinting remains largely a trial and error approach. To address this problem, specifically in extrusion bioprinting, we have recently developed an effective computational method, the cellular particle dynamics (CPDs). We have demonstrated the predictive power of CPD in cases of simple printed constructs prepared with spherical multicellular bioink units. Here we generalize CPD to the important practical case of tubular grafts printed with cylindrical bioink units by taking into account the realistic experimental situation in which the length and the volume of the cylinders decrease post-printing. Based on our results, we provide a set of instructions for the use of CPD simulations to directly predict tubular graft formation without the need to carry out the corresponding complex and expensive control experiments. Using these instructions allows the efficient and timely biofabrication of tubular organ structures. A particularly instructive outcome of our analysis is that building tubular organ structures, such as vascular grafts by bioprinting can be done considerably faster by using cylindrical rather than spherical bionk units.
Scalable Value-Cache Based Compression Schemes for Multiprocessors

Data link compression can efficiently compress the data stream between main memory and the processor chip in single processor systems. By dynamically updating a value cache on each side of the link with the most frequently transmitted values, frequent value encoding can compress the data stream by up to 70%. Unfortunately, the number of value caches needed grows quadratically with the number of nodes in multiprocessors which causes a scalability problem. This paper shows that by sharing the caches between different pairs of communicating nodes, the frequent values stored at each node can be utilized more efficiently. For interconnects with point-to-point links, it is shown, however, that sharing of caches introduces overhead traffic for keeping the value caches consistent. If all misses in the shared cache are broadcast to all other nodes, the generated traffic becomes so large, that it is better to transmit the values uncompressed. We propose and evaluate three techniques that aim at reducing this overhead and find that it is possible to reduce most of this traffic, but at the cost of less efficient compression and the final result is comparable to using dedicated value caches
Support system for guitar playing using augmented reality display

Learning to play the guitar is difficult. We proposed a system that assists people learning to play the guitar using augmented reality. This system shows a learner how to correctly hold the strings by overlaying a virtual hand model and lines onto a real guitar. The player learning to play the guitar can easily understand the required position by overlapping their hand on a visual guide. An important issue for this system to address is the accurate registration between the visual guide and the guitar, therefore we need to track the pose and the position of the guitar. We also proposed a method to track the guitar with a visual marker and natural features of the guitar. Since we used marker information and edge information as natural features, the system could continually track the guitar. Accordingly, our system can constantly display visual guides at the required position to enable a player to learn to play the guitar in a natural manner.
HandyWidgets: local widgets pulled-out from hands

Large multi-touch tabletops are useful for collocated collaborative work involving multiple users. However, applying traditional WIMP interfaces to tabletops causes problems where users cannot reach GUI elements, such as icons or buttons, on the opposite side with their hands, and they sometimes have difficulty in reading the content of GUI elements because their view does not match the orientation of the content. To solve these problems, we present HandyWidgets that are widgets localized around users' hands. The widgets are quickly invoked by a bimanual multi-touch gesture which we call "pull-out". This gesture also allows users to adjust the position, orientation, and size of the widgets, in a continuous manner after invocation.
Adaptive Step-Size for Online Temporal Difference Learning

The step-size, often denoted as α, is a key parameter for most incremental learning algorithms. Its importance is especially pronounced when performing online temporal difference (TD) learning with function approximation. Several methods have been developed to adapt the step-size online. These range from straightforward back-off strategies to adaptive algorithms based on gradient descent. We derive an adaptive upper bound on the step-size parameter to guarantee that online TD learning with linear function approximation will not diverge. We then empirically evaluate algorithms using this upper bound as a heuristic for adapting the step-size parameter online. We compare performance with related work including HL(λ) and Autostep. Our results show that this adaptive upper bound heuristic out-performs all existing methods without requiring any meta-parameters. This effectively eliminates the need to tune the learning rate of temporal difference learning with linear function approximation.
Impact factors on expansion of built-up areas in Zhejiang Province, China

Built-up areas are the results of human activities. Not only are they the real reflection of human and society activities, but also one of the most important input parameters for the simulation of biogeochemical cycle. Therefore, it is very necessary to map the distribution of built-up areas and monitor their changes by using new technologies and methods at high spatiotemporal resolution. By combining technologies of GIS (Geographic Information System) and RS (Remote Sensing), this study mainly explored the expansion and driving factors of built-up areas at the beginning of the 21st century in Zhejiang Province, China. Firstly, it introduced the mapping processes of LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) based on the method which combined object-oriented method and binary decision tree. Then, it analyzed the expansion features of built-up areas in Zhejiang from 2000 to 2005 and 2005 to 2010. In addition to these, potential driving factors on the expansion of built-up areas were also explored, which contained physical geographical factors, railways, highways, rivers, urban centers, elevation, and slop. Results revealed that the expansions of built-up areas in Zhejiang from 2000 to 2005 and from 2005 to 2010 were very obvious and they showed high levels of variation in spatial heterogeneity. Except those, increased built-up areas with distance to railways, highways, rivers, and urban centers could be fitted with power function (y = a*xb ), with minimum R2 of 0.9507 for urban centers from 2000 to 2005; the increased permillages of built-up areas to mean elevation and mean slop could be fitted with exponential functions (y = a*ebx), with minimum R2 of 0.6657 for mean slop from 2005 to 2010. Besides, government policy could also impact expansion of built-up areas. In a nutshell, a series of conclusions were obtained through this study about the spatial features and driving factors of evolution of built-up areas in Zhejiang from 2000 to 2010.
Efficient and Secure Temporal Credential-Based Authenticated Key Agreement Using Extended Chaotic Maps for Wireless Sensor Networks

A secure temporal credential-based authenticated key agreement scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) enables a user, a sensor node and a gateway node to realize mutual authentication using temporal credentials. The user and the sensor node then negotiate a common secret key with the help of the gateway node, and establish a secure and authenticated channel using this common secret key. To increase efficiency, recent temporal credential-based authenticated key agreement schemes for WSNs have been designed to involve few computational operations, such as hash and exclusive-or operations. However, these schemes cannot protect the privacy of users and withstand possible attacks. This work develops a novel temporal credential-based authenticated key agreement scheme for WSNs using extended chaotic maps, in which operations are more efficient than modular exponential computations and scalar multiplications on an elliptic curve. The proposed scheme not only provides higher security and efficiency than related schemes, but also resolves their weaknesses.
Eco-driving using real-time optimization

Ecological (eco)-driving aims at improving fuel economy of a vehicle by taking smooth driving action in the road traffic networks. This tutorial paper presents an advanced eco-driving system for a host vehicle that uses information of surrounding vehicles, road gradients and the state of upcoming traffic signal to predict the future traffic states using the dynamical models, and based on the predicted information it generates the optimal vehicle control inputs in a model predictive control framework. The control objective is considered to maximize fuel economy by regulating a safe headway distance or cruising at the optimal velocity under bounded driving torque condition. A fast optimization technique using continuation and generalized minimum residual (C/GMRES) method is used in the framework for real-time optimization of control inputs. The proposed eco-driving system is evaluated in highly interactive urban traffic using the microscopic traffic simulator Aimsun, and its performance is compared with the traditional driving system.
Observations of Landslides Caused by the April 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Based on Land, UAV, and Satellite Reconnaissance

Thousands of landslides occurred during the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. Previous work using satellite imagery mapped nearly 25,000 coseismic landslides. In this study, the satellite-based mapping was analyzed in three areas where field deployment was also conducted—the Budhi Gandaki, Trishuli, and Indrawati river valleys—to better characterize the landslides. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were deployed to map the three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of failed slopes using photogrammetry, as well as to characterize rock structure and strength. The majority of landslides were rock slides along the ridges and the steeper portions of the basins primarily involving the weathered rock zone. Additional landslides included rock falls and soil failures. Satellite imagery analysis indicated that landsliding was concentrated north of the physiographic transition, in steep areas, and in close proximity to the major rivers. The Trishuli area experienced the lowest landslide density in terms of number of landslides compared to the Budhi Gandaki and Indrawati areas, although all three areas had similar density in terms of total landslide area and other landslide statistics.