Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Analyses Show That Professional Archers Exhibit Tighter, Finer and More Fluid Dynamical Control Than Neophytes

Quantifying the dynamical features of discrete tasks is essential to understanding athletic performance for many sports that are not repetitive or cyclical. We compared three dynamical features of the (i) bow hand, (ii) drawing hand, and (iii) center of mass during a single bow-draw movement between professional and neophyte archers: dispersion (convex hull volume of their phase portraits), persistence (tendency to continue a trend as per Hurst exponents), and regularity (sample entropy). Although differences in the two groups are expected due to their differences in skill, our results demonstrate we can quantify these differences. The center of mass of professional athletes exhibits tighter movements compared to neophyte archers (6.3 < 11.2 convex hull volume), which are nevertheless less persistent (0.82 < 0.86 Hurst exponent) and less regular (0.035 > 0.025 sample entropy). In particular, the movements of the bow hand and center of mass differed more between groups in Hurst exponent analysis, and the drawing hand and center of mass were more different in sample entropy analysis. This suggests tighter neuromuscular control over the more fluid dynamics of the movement that exhibits more active corrections that are more individualized. Our work, therefore, provides proof of principle of how well-established dynamical analysis techniques can be used to quantify the nature and features of neuromuscular expertise for discrete movements in elite athletes.
A New Approach of Image Steganography Technique for Information Hiding using Nearest Filling Technique

-Steganography is an art that involves secret communication by using encryption and decryption from sender to receiver through message, images, videos etc. In this work, A new Approach of image Steganography technique is proposed, This proposed Work aims to, The secret information can be concealed in 0 to N Blocks of image. Hence the user can be achieved high Secure communication. This proposed work consists of two Stages namely Encryption stage, decryption stage. The Encryption stage consists of four steps, in the first step the text message has to convert into ASCII code. In the Second step splitting the image into number of blocks using non overlapping method. In the In Third step, We Introducing a new Method called Nearest Neighbor Filling Method (NNM) aims to hide the converted secret message into the nearest value of image block in linear manner. In the fourth step send the encrypted message with a secret key to the receiver. The receiver stage consists of four steps, in the first step the secret message has to decrypt with a secret key, In the second step the receiver has to find out the input information in the image, the third step is extracts the secret message from the image block, the final step is converting the ASCII code into the original message. Experimental result shows that the proposed approach is Simple and Better suitable to send the secret message in the stego-image.
#influenced! The impact of social media influencing on self-esteem and the role of social comparison and resilience

Social media influencers (SMIs) are online personas that acquire significant audiences on social networking sites (SNS) and have become a prevalent part of social media. Previous research indicates potentially detrimental effects of social media use on mental well-being, however, little is known about whether, how, and for whom online comparisons with SMIs lead to adverse psychological effects. In this study, we investigate the impact of positivity-biased images of female SMIs on the state self-esteem of female participants while considering social comparison processes as mediating and individual resilience as moderating factors. Regression analyses showed that acute exposure to positivity-biased SMI images led to upward social comparisons, which in turn predicted lower state self-esteem. Thus, results revealed a significant mediating effect of social comparisons on the association between image type and state self-esteem. However, when observing the direct effect of image type on state self-esteem, we found that the exposure to positivity-biased SMI images unexpectedly led to higher overall levels of state self-esteem relative to the control group. In light of contemporary social comparison literature, subsequent post-hoc analyses suggest that exposure to SMI images in this study may have prompted both contrastive and assimilative upwards comparisons, leading to varying consequences for distinct self-esteem dimensions, ultimately manifesting in the observed suppression effect. Resilience was not found to moderate the proposed associations. Thus, the findings of this study offer new insights into the impact of SMIs on individuals’ self-evaluations online, challenging previous assumptions, and suggest a need for further examination.
Climate Change, Vegetation, and Welfare: Estimating the Welfare Loss to Landowners of Marginal Shifts in Blue Oak Habitat

Scientists predict that climate change will cause suitable habitat ranges to shift for many plant species. To the extent that proximity to particular vegetation types increases residents’ utility and/or these shifts affect services valued by all of society, such geographic shifts in ecosystems may significantly affect societal welfare. In this paper, I estimate the possible welfare change from the marginal loss of blue oak due to development and climate change in the Tulare Lake Basin (Fresno, Kern, and Tulare Counties) in California. Using a hedonic pricing model, the marginal values of blue oaks and the land cover types most likely to replace them (herbaceous, urban, and crop land) are estimated at multiple spatial scales, using 1997-2003 sales of single family residences for the Tulare Lake Basin. In addition to the common identification problems of specification error, omitted variable bias, and multicollinearity, the variables measuring the degree of proximity of a property to land cover types are endogenous. To identify the marginal values of land cover types at multiple spatial scales using two-stage least squares, instrumental variables are developed using soil data. Cluster robust standard errors are calculated due to spatial autocorrelation within neighborhoods. Results indicate that households do not differentiate between vegetation land cover types; there is no indirect cost of climate change resulting from marginal shifts in land cover types. The results also indicate that Tulare Lake Basin households are unlikely to be negatively affected by, and may actually benefit from, marginal losses of blue oak woodlands to agriculture and urban land use. These results highlight the importance of non-use and ecosystem services values, and the importance of coordinating land use policies at spatial scales above the municipality level.
Real-Time Water Quality Management in the Grassland Water District

The purpose of the research project was to advance the concept of real-time water quality management in the San Joaquin Basin by developing an application to drainage of seasonal wetlands in the Grassland Water District. Real-time water quality management is defined as the coordination of reservoir releases, return flows and river diversions to improve water quality conditions in the San Joaquin River and ensure compliance with State water quality objectives. Real-time water quality management is achieved through information exchange and cooperation between shakeholders who contribute or withdraw flow and salt load to or from the San Joaquin River. This project complements a larger scale project that was undertaken by members of the Water Quality Subcommittee of the San Joaquin River Management Program (SJRMP) and which produced foreca sts of flow, salt load and San Joaquin River assimilative capacity between 1999 and 2003. These forecasts can help those entities exporting salt load to the River to develop salt load targets as a mechanism for improving compliance with salinity objectives. The mass balance model developed by this project is the decision support tool that helps to establish these salt load targets. A second important outcome of this project was the development and application of a methodology for assessing potential impacts of real-time wetland salinity management. Drawdown schedules are typically tied to weather conditions and are optimized in traditional practices to maximize food sources for over-wintering wildfowl as well as providing a biological control (through germination temperature) of undesirable weeds that compete with the more proteinaceous moist soil plants such as swamp timothy, watergrass and smartweed. This methodology combines high resolution remote sensing, ground-truthing vegetation surveys using established survey protocols and soil salinity mapping using rapid, automated electromagnetic sensor technology. This survey methodology could be complemented with biological surveys of bird use and invertebrates to produce a robust long-term monitoring strategy for habitat health and sustainability.
Bringing the Doctor to the Patients: Cardiology Outreach to Rural Areas

Clinical outreach is a crucial but understudied health care service delivery model. Physicians staffing rural outreach clinics must allocate a limited resource (i.e., their time) between caring for patients at their main sites and outreach locations. Using a unique 30-year data set of decisions made by cardiologists, the authors estimate a constrained utility maximization model of time allocations across home and outreach locations. The results show that travel distance, potential competition, and patient demand for cardiology services significantly influence allocation decisions. This structural model is used to simulate the impact of a predicted reduction in cardiologist supply. The expected impacts are unevenly distributed, with some rural locations experiencing large decreases in access. The authors evaluate two policies to restore rural access: targeted immigration and a subsidy program. A subsidy program with an estimated annual cost of $406,000 can restore outreach after a 10% reduction in cardiologist supply. This option should be preferred to recruiting and supporting five additional cardiologists under a targeted immigration strategy. This research demonstrates the value of marketing modeling in addressing limited access to health care services and evaluating alternative policies for maintaining access in the face of coming physician shortages.
Relationships between dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediment and hydrographic conditions in the Bering and Chukchi seas

Palynological analyses were performed on 52 surface sediment samples from the eastern part of the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea in order to document the regional distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and their relationship with sea‐surface conditions. The assemblages present a relatively high species diversity (20 taxa are recovered routinely), especially in the Bering Sea, where they are dominated by Operculodinium centrocarpum and the cyst of Pentapharsodinium dalei accompanied mainly by Spiniferites elongatus s.l. , Spiniferites ramosus, Impagidinium pallidum, Brigantedinium spp. , Islandinium minutum, Selenopemphix quanta, Selenopemphix nephroides, Quinquecuspis concreta and the cyst of Polykrikos kofoidii. The percentages of the main taxa vary with latitude, and principal component analysis shows that the distribution of assemblages is closely related to hydrographic conditions, notably the seasonal duration of sea‐ice cover and the sea‐surface temperature in February. The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the Bering Sea differ significantly from those of subarctic seas of the North Atlantic, with respect to their species composition and relationships with sea‐surface conditions. In particular, the occurrence of the cyst of Polykrikos kofoidii and Quinquecuspis concreta and the positive correlation between the percentages of Operculodinium centrocarpum and the extent of sea‐ice, constitute peculiar features in the Bering Sea assemblages. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of weather effects in the calculation of sea ice concentration from microwave radiances

A technique is presented which improves existing methods of calculating sea ice concentrations from microwave radiances by reducing weather-related effects over open ocean areas and in the vicinity of marginal sea ice zones. Winds, atmospheric water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain increase the microwave emission over these regions and thus result in erroneous values of computed sea ice concentration. The method described is based on the microwave spectral properties of sea ice and ice-free ocean and utilizes ratios of the polarized radiances at the 0.81-cm (37 GHz) and 1.7-cm (18 GHz) wavelengths. Following a discussion of the physical basis for this technique, examples are provided which demonstrate its utility. While the technique was developed for use with the Nimbus 7 scanning multi-channel microwave radiometer data, it is applicable also to data from other microwave radiometers operating in a similar wavelength range.
Bayesian modeling of the assimilative capacity component of nutrient total maximum daily loads

Implementing stream restoration techniques and best management practices to reduce nonpoint source nutrients implies enhancement of the assimilative capacity for the stream system. In this paper, a Bayesian method for evaluating this component of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) load capacity is developed and applied. The joint distribution of nutrient retention metrics from a literature review of 495 measurements was used for Monte Carlo sampling with a process transfer function for nutrient attenuation. Using the resulting histograms of nutrient retention, reference prior distributions were developed for sites in which some of the metrics contributing to the transfer function were measured. Contributing metrics for the prior include stream discharge, cross‐sectional area, fraction of storage volume to free stream volume, denitrification rate constant, storage zone mass transfer rate, dispersion coefficient, and others. Confidence of compliance (CC) that any given level of nutrient retention has been achieved is also determined using this approach. The shape of the CC curve is dependent on the metrics measured and serves in part as a measure of the information provided by the metrics to predict nutrient retention. It is also a direct measurement, with a margin of safety, of the fraction of export load that can be reduced through changing retention metrics. For an impaired stream in western Oklahoma, a combination of prior information and measurement of nutrient attenuation was used to illustrate the proposed approach. This method may be considered for TMDL implementation.
Late Holocene variability of upper North Atlantic Deep Water temperature and salinity

Magnesium/calcium ratios in benthic foraminifera (Cibicidoides pachyderma) from a sediment core on the Laurentian Slope (1854 m) exhibit strong millennial‐scale fluctuations during the past 4000 years. We convert these data to seawater paleotemperatures using a new monospecific linear equation. Results suggest that the temperature of upper North Atlantic Deep Water (dominated by Labrador Seawater today) has varied by at least 2°C during the late Holocene. Millennial scale coolings coincide with previously identified periods of increased drift ice and regional glacier advances, including the Little Ice Age. Paired oxygen isotope measurements indicate that salinity and perhaps density were reduced during the cold periods. We discuss possible mechanisms for transmitting this cold, fresh signal from surface waters to intermediate depths. Our reconstructed late Holocene ranges in upper North Atlantic Deep Water properties greatly exceed those of the instrumental record and imply that large changes may be yet to come.
Introducing the open biomedical map of science

This article introduces work in progress to develop a new, open biomedical map of science (OBMS) using the PubMed citation database. The new science map represents bimodal network relationships between journals and medical subject heading (MeSH) descriptors, based on a journal's articles indexed in the MEDLINE component of PubMed. We review the current efforts to use PubMed data in science of science studies and science mapping. As part of the development process, we compare the journals indexed in PubMed with journals included in the 2011 UCSD map of science to establish a baseline of disciplinary coverage of PubMed for the period 2009–2019. Journal article frequency is analyzed to establish the minimum number of citations required by a journal for inclusion in a map of science. A prototype OBMS is presented, and we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the OBMS, as well as the next steps for using and productizing this new open map for general and free usage.
The Reliability of Corporate Zero-Default Debt

Although corporate bankruptcy has been examined in terms of measurement and modeling, a question remains standing still: Is it worthy enough to predict the bankruptcy or will it be better to develop a tool to prevent it from the beginning? Corporate bankruptcy techniques, models and theories focus on predicting the bankruptcy only rather than preventing bankruptcy which helps corporate managers take the right borrowing decision. The researcher believes that Corporate Debt Safe Buffer is a valid model in this respect. This thesis tests a bankruptcy prevention model (Eldomiaty, et al., 2014) on the non-financial firms listed in DJIA30 and NASDAQ100 over the period 1999-2016. The results provide a validation for this model with Trade off, Pecking Order and Free Cash Flow theories of capital structure as the results are quite significant and can be used for determining a debt ratio safe buffer. The researcher uses the following statistical methods to test the new model Lagrange Multiplier Test, Cointegration Using Unit Root Test, Linearity versus Nonlinearity Test, Hausman Test. The results prove that: (a) firms tend to adapt a positive debt ratio safe buffer, (b) there is no significant difference between debt ratio safe buffer and the observed debt ratio. The overall results show that the predication of bankruptcy is a helpful tool for credit rating agencies when evaluating corporate creditworthiness, although the model help avoiding bankruptcy.
TAM Approach: Application of Si APIK to MSEs

The ever-growing technology makes innovations about financial applications, so financial application applications continue to innovate. This has made micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) adopt financial bookkeeping to run their businesses. Bank Indonesia launched an Android-based financial application that can be obtained for free. The application is the Financial Information Recording Application Information System (SI APIK). This study aims to examine MSMEs in using the Si APIK application in managing their business. The method and conceptual formulation model were carried out in several stages; literature study, model adoption, and instrument development. Based on theoretical and empirical studies of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study describes the constructs and propositions used as the basis for building a conceptual model. The results of instrument development can be used for further research
Treatment of multiple myeloma based on autologous stem cell transplant: An overview of systematic reviews

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease. In recent years, several systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have been published on treatment protocols, including autologous stem cell transplantation for MM. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to systematically summarize the quality of the methodology and evidence of meta-analyses regarding treatment of MM including autologous stem cell transplantation. Results: Total 11 meta-analyses were included. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluation revealed that the quality of included reviews was affected by possible unevaluated bias between studies and the lack of protocol and registration. The AMSTAR2 scale indicated that the quality of the methodology of included reviews ranged from very low to moderate. The grading, assessment, development, and evaluation of recommendations evaluation showed that among the included outcome indicators, most of them are of low quality. Conclusion: This overview suggested that the combination of drugs has improved patient survival rates, efficacy and safety compared with the standard regimen. However, the strength of the evidence is uneven and due to methodological errors, the results should be interpreted with caution in order to provide a reference for further improvement of the study design. The methodological quality of the relevant meta-analysis needs to be further improved.
Identification of algal rich microbial blooms in the Sellafield Pile Fuel Storage Pond and the application of ultrasonic treatment to control the formation of blooms

The presence of microorganisms in a range of nuclear facilities has been known for many years. In this study the microbial community inhabiting the Pile Fuel Storage Pond (PFSP), which is a legacy open-aired facility on the Sellafield nuclear site, Cumbria, UK, was determined to help target microbial bloom management strategies in this facility. The PFSP is currently undergoing decommissioning and the development of prolonged dense microbial blooms reduces the visibility within the water. Such impairment in the pond water visibility can lead to delays in pond operations, which also has financial implications. Efforts to control the microbial population within the PFSP are ongoing, with the installation of ultrasonic treatment units. Here next generation sequencing techniques focussing on broad targets for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms were used to identify the microbial community. On-site monitoring of photosynthetic pigments indicated when microbial blooms formed and that eukaryotic algae were most likely to be responsible for these events. The sequencing data suggested that the blooms were dominated by members of the class Chrysophyceae, a group of golden algae, while evidence of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria was limited, further supporting eukaryotic organisms causing the blooms. The results of sequencing data from 2018 was used to inform a change in the operational settings of the ultrasonic units, while monitoring of the microbial community and photosynthetic pigments trends was extended. Since the changes were made to the ultrasonic treatment, the visibility in the pond was significantly improved, with an absence of a spring bloom in 2020 and an overall reduction in the number of days lost due to microbial blooms annually. This work extends our knowledge of the diversity of microbes able to colonise nuclear fuel storage ponds, and also suggests that sequencing data can help to optimise the performance of ultrasonic treatments, to control algal proliferation in the PFSP facility and other inhospitable engineered systems.