Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
perovskite: Broad miscibility gap and stability enhancement

Recent progress in the field of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites ABX3 for photovoltaics has given cells with certified efficiencies of 22.1 % solar to electric power, mainly based upon the hybrid inorganic-organic methylammonium lead iodide perovskite MAPbI3 (MA + = CH3NH + 3 ). Up to now, one of the biggest drawbacks is poor stability towards humidity and temperature. A substitution of the organic MA with inorganic Cs yields the extremely stable structure CsPbI3, which however forms a yellow δ-phase at room-temperature that is not photoactive. In this study we have systematically explored the mixed cation perovskite CsxMA1-xPbI3 as a material and demonstrate its benefits for photovoltaic applications. We exchanged the A-side cation by dipping MAPbI3 films into a CsI solution, thereby incrementally replacing the MA in a timeresolved dipping process and analysed the resulting thin-films with UV-Vis, XRD, EDAX, SEM and optical depth-analysis in a high-throughput fashion. Additional in-situ measurements of UV-Vis and XRD allowed us to look at the kinetics of the formation process. The results showed a discontinuity during the conversion. Firstly, small amounts of Cs are incorporated into the structure. After a few minutes, the Cs content approaches a limit and the material converts into the pure δ-CsPbI3, indicating a broad miscibility gap. We compared this cation exchange to a one-step crystallisation approach and found the same respective effect of phase segregation, indicating that the miscibility gap is an intrinsic feature rather than a kinetic effect. Optical and structural properties changed continuously for small Cs incorporations and become unsteady due to phase segregation for larger Cs contents. We estimate the miscibility gap of CsxMA1-xPbI3 to start at a Cs ratio x = 0.13, based on combined measurements of EDAX, UV-Vis and XRD. The photovoltaic performance of the mixed cation perovskite shows a large increase in device stability from days to weeks. The initial efficiency of mixed CsxMA1-xPbI3 devices decreases slightly, which is compensated by stability after a few days.
Grouping based Non-additive Verification

Acknowledgments 26 tency of data features along the hypothesized boundary, but also its \inconsistency" with its larger neighborhood. In terms of perceptual grouping, a \good" hypothesis should form a \good" group. Therefore, any score method may beneet substantially from using perceptual grouping information. The non-additive score proposed here shows a signiicant improvement relative to the use of a simple additive score. It should improve other methods, especially when diicult veriication scenes are considered. The method can be applied, in principle, to many perceptual grouping cues. This method does not depends on any speciic grouping cue, and allows the use of any cue, as long as we know its statistics. Other grouping cues may measure symmetry properties, color, texture, motion parameters etc. 6 Acknowledgments We would like to thank Andrew Zisserman for drawing our attention to the need of better veriication methods. Some Hough experiments, done by Michael Hooman, emphasized the weaknesses of additive score veriication. Thanks to Elscint for providing the CT images. Conclusion 25 5 Conclusion We proposed here a new veriication paradigm, which does not rely on the size of the consistent features set but rather on grouping information, which is extracted from the image independently of the object hypothesizing mechanism. The method is controlled by one parameter, which should be selected based on the expected error mechanism. We proved that this method is consistent, in the statistical sense; That is, in the presence of only one object in the scene, the correct hypothesis is expected to get the highest score. A compact form of the grouping-based score function is suggested, which is also more intuitive. This score may be interpreted as the joint log likelihood ratio, comparing the tested hypothesis against the empty hypothesis. This criterion is \local", and depends only on data features associated with the hypothesized object, and their direct neighbors. In addition, it provides an eecient way to calculate the score, in a linear time (with respect to the number of data features associated with the hypothesis). This avoids the need to compute the grouping cues for the entire graph. Our experimentation shows that while additive approaches (based on the consistent set size) for veriication work well for easy tasks, our approach works better in many diicult cases. The integration of the proposed grouping based veriication criterion with the more traditional consistent set size criterion, is currently under study. One may argue that the …
3D Assisted Face Recognition: A Survey of 3D Imaging, Modelling and Recognition Approachest

3D face recognition has lately been attracting ever increasing attention. In this paper we review the full spectrum of 3D face processing technology, from sensing to recognition. The review covers 3D face modelling, 3D to 3D and 3D to 2D registration, 3D based recognition and 3D assisted 2D based recognition. The fusion of 2D and 3D modalities is also addressed. The paper complements other reviews in the face biometrics area by focusing on the sensor technology, and by detailing the efforts in 3D face modelling and 3D assisted 2D face matching.
Kernel Rootkits

Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) allow the running operating system kernel to be extended dynamically. Most modern UNIX-like systems, including Solaris, Linux, and FreeBSD, use or support loadable kernel modules. The facility offers more flexibility than the traditional method of recompiling the kernel to add new hardware support or functionality; new drivers or functionality can be loaded at any time. A loaded kernel module has the same capabilities as code compiled into the kernel. This gives loadable drivers a lot of flexibility and power. However, it also allows a maliciously written kernel module to subvert the entire operating system kernel[8]. System installed modules reside in /lib/modules, /modules, and /kernel on Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris, respectively. The system typically auto-loads modules from these directories. However, the modules can be loaded from anywhere on the system using insmod, kldload, or modload (depending on the operating system).
Full-Coverage Web Prediction based on Web Usage Mining and Site Topology

Understanding and modeling user online behavior, as well as predicting future requests remain an open challenge for researchers, analysts and marketers. In this paper, we propose an efficient prediction schema based on the extraction of sequential navigation patterns from server log files, combined with web site topology. Traversed paths are monitored, internally recorded and cleaned before being completed with cashed page views. After session and episode identification follows the construction of n-grams. Prediction is based upon a 5 + n-gram schema with all lower level n-grams participating, a procedure that resembles the construction of an All 5th-order Markov Model. The schema achieves full coverage while maintaining competitive prediction precision.
A trimmed version of the EM – algorithm for contaminated mixtures Maŕıa

We establish a mixture model with spurious outliers and derive its maximum– integrated–likelihood estimator. It may be computed by a trimmed version of the EM–algorithm which we call the EMT–algorithm. We analyze its properties and compute the universal breakdown values of the estimator for normal mixtures. Estimation of the covariance matrix turns out to be robust. AMS subject classifications Primary 62H12, secondary 62F35
Charting the Algorithmic Complexity of Waypoint Routing

Modern computer networks support interesting new routing models in which traffic flows from a source sto a destination t can be flexibly steered through a sequence of waypoints, such as (hardware) middleboxes or (virtualized) network functions (VNFs), to create innovative network services like service chains or segment routing. While the benefits and technological challenges of providing such routing models have been articulated and studied intensively over the last years, less is known about the underlying algorithmic traffic routing problems. The goal of this paper is to provide the network community with an overview of algorithmic techniques for waypoint routing and also inform about limitations due to computational hardness. In particular, we put the waypoint routing problem into perspective with respect to classic graph theoretical problems. For example, we find that while computing a shortest path from a source s to a destination t is simple (e.g., using Dijkstra's algorithm), the problem of finding a shortest route from s to t via a single waypoint already features a deep combinatorial structure.
The Boyer-Moore Prover and Nuprl: an experimental comparison

We use an example to compare the Boyer-Moore Theorem Prover and the Nuprl Proof Development System. The respective machine veriications of a version of Ramsey's theorem illustrate similarities and diierences between the two systems. The proofs are compared using both quantitative and non-quantitative measures, and we examine diiculties in making such comparisons.
A Product Recommendation Algorithm Based on Knapsack Optimization

Personalized Recommender System becomes an important research field in Electronic Commerce, and the main goal of current recommendation models is provide Best-Service to users. But, from enterprise’s viewpoint, the Max-Earning strategy is necessary to improve the benefit of enterprise. To solving this problem, knapsack model is applied to describe the commonly used Top-N recommend mechanism firstly. Then, the enterprise’s earnings are described as a constraint in knapsack model, a product recommended algorithm is proposed at the basis of optimization of knapsack problem. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm has similar performance with CF model when earning requirement and amount of recommended products is lower. So, both user’s value and enterprise’s value are improved through the proposed
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Pathophysiology and new treatment options

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe complication of heparin therapy. It is generally accompanied by a paradoxical decrease in platelets leading to activation of platelets and of the coagulation system. HIT type I is a mild, transient, non-immune disorder. HIT type II is an immune-mediated reaction towards neo-antigen on PF4, which is platelet factor 4 (PF4) that is exposed upon binding to heparins. A low sulfated octasaccharide is required for binding to PF4. The generated immunoglobulines bridge platelets by binding to the FcgRIIa-receptor. In patients with HIT type II heparin/LMW-heparin has to be discontinued immediately upon clinical suspicion. Diagnosis can be confirmed by laboratory tests. As patients are at high risk for or because they have developed thromboembolism, anticoagulation is mandatory, despite thrombocytopenia. Treatment options are danaparoid, r-hirudin, bivalirudin, argatroban, dextransulfate, and dermatansulfate. In future, fondaparinux and ximelagatran may be considered for treatment.
Minimum conflict: a divide-and-conquer approach to phylogeny estimation

MOTIVATION Fast and reliable phylogeny estimation is rapidly gaining importance as more and more genomic sequence information is becoming available, and the study of the evolution of genes and genomes accelerates our understanding in biology and medicine alike. Branch attraction phenomena due to unequal amounts of evolutionary change in different parts of the phylogeny are one major problem for current methods, placing the species that evolved fast in one part of the phylogenetic tree, and the species that evolved slowly in the other. RESULTS We describe a way to avoid the artifactual attraction of species that evolved slowly, by detecting shared old character states using a calibrated comparison with an outgroup. The corresponding focus on shared novel character states yields a fast and transparent phylogeny estimation algorithm, by application of the divide-and-conquer principle, and heuristic search: shared novelties give evidence of the exclusive common heritage (monophyly) of a subset of the species. They indicate conflict in a split of all species considered, if the split tears them apart. Only the split at the root of the phylogenetic tree cannot have such conflict. Therefore, we can work top-down, from the root to the leaves, by heuristically searching for a minimum-conflict split, and tackling the resulting two subsets in the same way. The algorithm, called "minimum conflict phylogeny estimation" (MCOPE), has been validated successfully using both natural and artificial data. In particular, we reanalyze published trees, yielding more plausible phylogenies, and we analyze small "undisputed" trees on the basis of alignments considering structural homology. AVAILABILITY MCOPEis available via http://bibiserv.techfak. uni-bielefeld.de/mcope/. CONTACT fuellen@alum.mit. edu
The distribution of active iron‐cycling bacteria in marine and freshwater sediments is decoupled from geochemical gradients

Microaerophilic, phototrophic and nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers co-exist in coastal marine and littoral freshwater sediments. However, the in situ abundance, distribution and diversity of metabolically active Fe(II)-oxidizers remained largely unexplored. Here, we characterized the microbial community composition at the oxic-anoxic interface of littoral freshwater (Lake Constance, Germany) and coastal marine sediments (Kalø Vig and Norsminde Fjord, Denmark) using DNA-/RNA-based next-generation 16S rRNA (gene) amplicon sequencing. All three physiological groups of neutrophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria were found to be active in marine and freshwater sediments, revealing up to 0.2% anoxygenic photoferrotrophs (e.g., Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodobacter, Chlorobium), 0.1% microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizers (e.g., Mariprofundus, Hyphomonas, Gallionella) and 0.3% nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers (e.g., Thiobacillus, Pseudomonas, Denitromonas, Hoeflea). Active Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (e.g., Shewanella, Geobacter) were most abundant (up to 2.8%) in marine sediments and co-occurred with cable bacteria (up to 4.5%). Geochemical profiles of Fe(III), Fe(II), O2 , light, nitrate and total organic carbon revealed a redox stratification of the sediments and explained 75%-85% of the vertical distribution of microbial taxa, while active Fe-cycling bacteria were found to be decoupled from geochemical gradients. We suggest that metabolic flexibility, microniches in the sediments, or interrelationships with cable bacteria might explain the distribution patterns of active Fe-cycling bacteria.
Conditional Independences among Four Random Variables Iii: Final Conclusion

The problem of probabilistic representability of semimatroids over a four-element set is solved. In this problem, one looks for all combinations of conditional independences within four random variables which can occur simultaneously. New properties of the stochastic conditional independences are deduced from conditional information inequalities. Examples of four-tuples of random variables are presented to show the probabilistic representability of three non-Ingleton semimatroids.
Adaptive Strategies for Persistent Queries in Dynamic Environments

This paper is concerned with continuous and adaptive monitoring of highly-dynamic environments such as mobile, ad hoc, and sensor networks. At the logical level, the application issues a query that persists over time and returns a continuously updated view of relevant aspects of the system configuration—we call this a persistent query. We examine the semantic relation between the sequence of observable results and the actual configuration changes taking place in the system. A distinctive feature of our approach is that it considers temporal and spatial dimensions of the query evaluation strategy, possible dynamic adaptations of this strategy, and the data integration constructs being used. The result is a framework that allows an application to exercise a new degree of semantic control over the results generated by a persistent query, thus achieving an accurate interpretation of the data being examined.
The Status of Human and Animal Fascioliasis in Iran: A Narrative Review Article

Background: The public health importance of human fascioliasis has increased during last few decades due to the appearance of new emerging and re-emerging foci in many countries. Iran, as the most important focus of human disease in Asia, has been included among six countries known to have a serious problem with fascioliasis by WHO. Various aspects of the disease in Iran are discussed in this review. Methods: This narrative review covers all information about human and animal fascioliasis in Iran, which has been published in local and international journals from 1960 to 2014 using various databases including PubMed, SID, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct. Results: During the period of the study the infection rates of 0.1% to 91.4% was noted in various livestock. Despite the higher infection rates of livestock in southern areas in past decades, human disease has been mostly encountered in northern Provinces especially in Guilan. Recent studies indicate noticeable decrease in prevalence rates of veterinary fascioliasis in Iran, however the prevalence rates of fascioliasis in livestock in northern Provinces of Guilan and Mazandaran seem to remain at a higher level in comparison to other parts. New foci of the disease have also been reported recently. Conclusion: While the prevalence of animal fascioliasis has decreased during last decades, human fascioliasis emerged as a public health problem in the country. The validity of new foci of human fascioliasis needs complementary standard studies.
Information Technology Value through Different Normative Lenses

Abstract: The influence of IT investments on organizational performance is revisited. Bounded rationality, organizational controls, and political forces may constrain optimal selection of inputs and appropriate substitution between inputs. For example, firms may not be able to attain an optimal level of IT by substituting IT for labor (for reasons such as pressure from the labor union). Besides estimating a link between IT investments and firm output, this paper presents a study of the link between IT investment levels and the efficiency of processes. Nonparametric and parametric techniques were applied to financial data on hospitals collected over a period of eighteen years. We found that cost and technical and allocative efficiencies are statistically significant in the production framework. We also found that hospitals that were characterized by high technical efficiency also used a greater amount of IT capital than firms that exhibited low technical efficiency. A group of hospitals exhibiting high technical efficiency also exhibited low allocative efficiency, indicating that, while processes may have been efficient, resource allocation and budgeting between various categories of capital and labor have not been efficient. Our results also differ from previously published results because we find that IT labor had a negative contribution to productivity and that non-IT capital had a greater contribution to productivity than IT capital.
Adaptive differentiation of murine lymphocytes. I. Both T and B lymphocytes differentiating in F1 transplanted to parental chimeras manifest preferential cooperative activity for partner lymphocytes derived from the same parental type corresponding to the chimeric host

The concept of adaptive (selective) differentiation preducts that early differentiation of lymphocytes is conditioned by the environment in which such differentiation takes place. These processes appear to involve selection of lymphocytes according to their self-recognition between interacting lymphocytes is, at least in part, controlled by major histocompatibility complex-linked genes, then adaptive differentiation is also controlled by these genes. In these studies, we have tested the capacities of helper T lymphocytes and hapten-specific B lymphocytes primed in the environments of various combinations of bone marrow chimeras prepared between two parental strains (i.e. A/J and BALB/c) and their corresponding F1 hybrid (CAF1) to interact with primed B and T lymphocytes derived from conventional parent and F1 donors as well as all of the corresponding bone marrow chimera combinations. The results demonstrate clearly that (a) F1 transplanted to F1 chimeric lymphocytes display no restriction in terms of cooperative activity with all of the various partner cell combinations; (b) parent transplanted to F1 chimeric lymphocytes manifest effective cooperative activity only for partner cells from F) or parental donors corresponding to the haplotype of the original bone marrow donor, thereby behaving phenotypically just like conventional parental lymphocytes; and (c) F1 transplanted to parent chimeric lymphocytes display restricted haplotype preference in cooperating best with partner lymphocytes sharing the H-2 haplotype, either entirely or codomimantly, of the parental chimeric host. The implications of these findings for understanding certain controlling mechanisms for lymphocyte differentiation are discussed.
Phylogenetic Diversity, Host-Specificity and Community Profiling of Sponge-Associated Bacteria in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Background Marine sponges can associate with abundant and diverse consortia of microbial symbionts. However, associated bacteria remain unexamined for the majority of host sponges and few studies use phylogenetic metrics to quantify symbiont community diversity. DNA fingerprinting techniques, such as terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP), might provide rapid profiling of these communities, but have not been explicitly compared to traditional methods. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the bacterial communities associated with the marine sponges Hymeniacidon heliophila and Haliclona tubifera, a sympatric tunicate, Didemnum sp. , and ambient seawater from the northern Gulf of Mexico by combining replicated clone libraries with T-RFLP analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Clone libraries revealed that bacterial communities associated with the two sponges exhibited lower species richness and lower species diversity than seawater and tunicate assemblages, with differences in species composition among all four source groups. T-RFLP profiles clustered microbial communities by source; individual T-RFs were matched to the majority (80.6%) of clone library sequences, indicating that T-RFLP analysis can be used to rapidly profile these communities. Phylogenetic metrics of community diversity indicated that the two sponge-associated bacterial communities include dominant and host-specific bacterial lineages that are distinct from bacteria recovered from seawater, tunicates, and unrelated sponge hosts. In addition, a large proportion of the symbionts associated with H. heliophila were shared with distant, conspecific host populations in the southwestern Atlantic (Brazil). Conclusions/Significance The low diversity and species-specific nature of bacterial communities associated with H. heliophila and H. tubifera represent a distinctly different pattern from other, reportedly universal, sponge-associated bacterial communities. Our replicated sampling strategy, which included samples that reflect the ambient environment, allowed us to differentiate resident symbionts from potentially transient or prey bacteria. Pairing replicated clone library construction with rapid community profiling via T-RFLP analyses will greatly facilitate future studies of sponge-microbe symbioses.