Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-speed, highly ionized jets, knots and loops in the Trapezium cluster of the Orion nebula (M42, NGC 1976)

Spatially resolved profiles of the [0 III] 5007-A line have been obtained in the vicinity of the Trapezium group of stars in the Orion nebula with the Manchester echelle spectrometer on the William Herschel and Isaac Newton telescopes. Receding, collimated outflows are found in the vicinity of the compact interstellar knots LV 1, 2, 3 and 5. These flows have radial velocities of up to 120 km s −1 with respect to the (local) systemic radial velocity (V HEL =26 km s −1 ). An isolated, highly ionized knot is found with a radial velocity of 81 km s −1 , as is a receding, extended (7 arcsec across) feature which is composed of two sheets with positive radial velocities of 94 and 134 km s −1 respectively (again with respect to the systemic radial velocity)
Microscope textures of nematic droplets in polymer dispersed liquid crystals

Computer simulations are made of polarizing microscope textures of supramicron‐sized nematic droplets with director configurations which commonly occur in polymer and other dispersions. The simulations are computed from polarization rotations and phase shifts caused by nonuniform optical anisotropies of the nematic structure in liquid crystal droplets. The treatment is limited to the case of spherical droplets which are optically soft so that reflection and refraction at the droplet surface, as well as refraction on any internal structure, can be neglected. Simulated polarizing microscope textures of four different director configurations at different orientations are presented graphically. The simulated pictures are shown to compare well with observations of actual nematic droplets viewed under crossed polars.
The response of a compressible turbulent boundary layer to short regions of concave surface curvature

Experiments were performed to investigate the supersonic flow of a turbulent boundary layer over short regions of concave surface curvature. Upstream of each curved wall, the free-stream Mach number was 2.87, and the incoming boundary layer was typical of a two-dimensional, zero-pressure-gradient, high-Reynolds-number flow. Two different curvatures were used, with radii of curvature equal to 10 and 50 initial boundary-layer thicknesses (Models I and II, respectively). The turning angle was 8° in each case. As the boundary layer passed through the curved region, it experienced a strong adverse pressure gradient, as well as the destabilizing influences of bulk compression and concave curvature. Downstream of the curved walls, the flow relaxed on a short plane wall. The mean and turbulent field for each flow was investigated, using normal and inclined hot wires to measure the turbulent fluctuations. Wherever possible, the results were compared with those from a corresponding 8° ramp. The ramp and Model I exhibited a very similar behaviour: turbulence levels increased significantly, and there was a marked increase in structural parameters such as the stress ratio $-\overline{u^{\prime}v^{\prime}}/\overline{u^{\prime 2}}$ and the length- and timescales of the turbulent motions. Model II behaved quite differently: although the turbulence levels increased, structural parameters were essentially unchanged. The similarities between the ramp and Model I results suggest that the perturbation in both cases is ‘rapid’ in that the perturbation can be described in terms of total strains rather than local strains. In contrast, the flow in Model II is sensitive to the local variations in the strain rate.
An Analysis of the Spanish Aerospace Sector: The Case of the Start-Up Ecosystem in Madrid

Abstract After launching the First Survey on the Spanish aerospace industry, important results were obtained, which helped to delve into the roots of the digital transformation (DT) of this sector, focussing on the Madrid region (Spain). From this type of study, which had not been carried out until now at the regional level, extremely interesting data have emerged that allow us to define the situation of Madrid companies in the aerospace sector. We have characterised and quantified the influence of what we have called ‘transformative enablers’. We have also analysed their relationships with the general characteristics of the companies, such as location, number of employees, legal form or type of company. We also obtained interesting conclusions about the role of respondents within organisations to discover the ‘capillarity’ of their situations and thus understand the degree of DT in terms of whether they achieve the so-called Industry 4.0 (Fourth Industrial Revolution) specifications. Finally, we have carried out a monographic study of the disruptive innovations within the start-up ecosystem to understand its definition and scope in the aerospace industry as a precursor of the latter’s DT.
EphA3 targeted by miR-3666 contributes to melanoma malignancy via activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways

Abstract Melanoma is a rare, fatal type of skin tumor. Although EPH receptor A3 (EphA3) is deregulated in melanoma, its detailed role remained uncharacterized. Using real time quantitative PCR analysis and western blotting, EphA3 was identified to be upregulated in melanoma tissues and cells, while miR-3666 showed an opposite expression trend. Cell counting kit-8, scratch wound, and in vivo assays proved that EphA3 silence inhibited the melanoma cell proliferation and migration and retarded tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, western blotting results displayed that EphA3 silence resulted in a low expression of p38-MAPK and p-ERK1/2. Mechanically, miR-3666 was proved to target EphA3 3′UTR by the luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, miR-3666 mimic compromised the driven melanoma cell proliferation and migration by EphA3 overexpression. In addition, induction of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways offset the positive effect of EphA3 overexpression on melanoma cells. In conclusion, miR-3666 downregulated EphA3 expression and retarded melanoma malignancy via inactivating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways. Hence, miR-3666/EphA3 axis may represent a druggable target against melanoma progression.
Implementing Markovian models for extendible Marshall–Olkin distributions

Abstract We derive a novel stochastic representation of exchangeable Marshall–Olkin distributions based on their death-counting processes. We show that these processes are Markov. Furthermore, we provide a numerically stable approximation of their infinitesimal generator matrices in the extendible case. This approach uses integral representations of Bernstein functions to calculate the generator’s first row, and then uses a recursion to calculate the remaining rows. Combining the Markov representation with the numerically stable approximation of corresponding generators allows us to sample extendible Marshall–Olkin distributions with a flexible simulation algorithm derived from known Markov sampling strategies. Finally, we benchmark an implementation of this Markov-based simulation algorithm against alternative simulation algorithms based on the Lévy frailty model, the Arnold model, and the exogenous shock model.
Planar Polymer Optical Waveguide with Metal‐Organic Framework Coating for Carbon Dioxide Sensing

An easily fabricated gas sensor based on planar polymer optical waveguides with an integrated zeolite imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) thin film is presented for carbon dioxide detection and sensing. The planar optical waveguides are made of polymethylmethacrylate and fabricated by hot embossing, which makes it flexible and cost‐efficient. Thin ZIF‐8 films are uniformly grown on the waveguides surface through a simple solution method, which is crucial for the envisioned production of metal organic framework‐based sensing devices on a large scale. Experimental results show that the produced optical elements exhibit a sensitivity of ≈2.5 μW/5 vol% toward carbon dioxide (CO2) with very rapid response time (≈6 s) and excellent reversibility of adsorption and desorption of the gas molecules. The demonstrated planar polymer sensing devices provide the potential to develop flexible on‐chip gas sensors in an inexpensive and reproducible way.
The changing corona of LQ Hya

We have used Zeeman-Doppler maps of the surface magnetic field of the rapidly rotating (P rot = 1.61 d) K2 star LQ Hya to extrapolate the coronal field, assuming it to be potential. Using the data sets from the observations in 2000 December and 2001 December, chosen for their excellent phase coverage, we show how the global structure of the magnetic field can change drastically in the space of one year. In 2000 December the large-scale field resembled a tilted dipole, with most of the open field emerging in two mid-latitude regions separated by 180° of longitude. One year later, most of the open field emerged at the pole, and the large-scale field most closely resembled an aligned dipole albeit with a significant contribution from many smaller scale east-west arcades of magnetic field-lines. This appears to be quite different from what is seen on the Sun, where the emergence of many east-west bipoles occurs towards cycle maximum, when the large-scale heliosphere field resembles a tilted, not an aligned, dipole. We have also modelled the X-ray emission (assuming an isothermal corona) and find that, despite the changes in the field structure, the magnitude and the rotational modulation of the emission measure (10 51.15 cm -3 ) are largely unchanged. While the emission measure is close to observed values, the density (10 9.8 cm -3 ) is somewhat lower.
The Intentions of Teachers towards Practicing Inclusive Education in Secondary Schools in Ghana: A Qualitative Study

Abstract It has been widely reported that as students with disabilities climb the academic ladder, it becomes more difficult to implement inclusive education for vulnerable students, such as those with disabilities. In the Ghanaian context, there are few studies on the intentions of teachers towards practicing inclusive education in secondary schools for students with disabilities. Using Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical framework, the aim of this study was to develop a deeper insight into the intentions of teachers towards practicing inclusive education in secondary schools in Ghana. In this follow-up qualitative study, eight teachers, four males and four females, who had participated in the first phase of a larger study, were interviewed to develop a deeper insight into their views and to clarify the influence of the known variables on their intentions. The data were analysed thematically, and the results showed that effective supervision in private schools, parental contribution, motivation, gender roles, and level of teaching were critical to participating teachers’ intentions to include students with disabilities in their regular classes. The results indicate the need for policymakers to empower school leaders in public schools to promote the teaching of all students in one classroom.
Linear regression analysis of censored survival data based on rank tests

SUMMARY Recently linear rank statistics with censored data have been used as the estimating functions for the regression parameters in the linear model with an unspecified error distribution. The resulting rank estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. However, the asymptotic variances of these estimators are complicated and are difficult to estimate well with censored data. In this paper, we propose some simple methods for making inference about a subset of the regression coefficients while regarding others as nuisance parameters. A lack-of-fit test for the linear model is also presented. The proposed procedures are illustrated with an example.
Modeling of partially end-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser

Summary form only given.This paper is about the modeling of a new generation of partially end pumped slab-lasers. In contrast to former zigzag slab lasers, the optical axis goes straight through the crystal. The use of a diode stack as pumping source in combination with a stable-unstable hybrid resonator allows nearly-diffraction-limited beam quality and high output power. The mode cross section of the hybrid resonator is small in the stable and large in the unstable direction. The radiation of the diode stack is adapted for this configuration because of the good beam quality in the first direction, that coincides with the stable direction of the resonator. The slow axis corresponds to the unstable direction of the resonator. The contact cooling in combination with a slow axis invariant pump light distribution generates a nearly one-dimensional (1D) heat conduction, that leads to a parabolic distribution of the diffraction index, which can be compared to a thermal cylindrical lens.
A modification of the newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis

The author considers the possibility that there is not, in fact, much hidden mass in galaxies and galaxy systems. If a certain modified version of the Newtonian dynamics is used to describe the motion of bodies in a gravitational field (of a galaxy, say), the observational results are reproduced with no need to assume hidden mass in appreciable quantities. Various characteristics of galaxies result with no further assumptions. The basis of the modification is the assumption that in the limit of small acceleration a very low a0, the acceleration of a particle at distance r from a mass M satisfies approximately a2/a0 a MGr-2, where a0 is a constant of the dimensions of an acceleration.
The Dipole-Polarization Potential in H2-Electron System

The adiabatic polarization potential in the system of hydrogen molecule and an electron is calculated by a variation perturbation method in two-center prolate spheroidal coordinates. In this calculation, a 16-term James-Coolidge type wave function is used for obtaining the dipole contribution to the potential. This is the first detailed calculation of the polarization potential of a diatomic molecule in two-center coordinates. The asymptotic forms of the dipole polarization potential in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axis are -5.975/5 r 4 and -4.359/2 r 4 in atomic units, respectively. The numerators of these asymptotic forms are to be compared with the exact values of the dipole polarizabilities 6.38049 and 4.55769 a. u. obtained by Kolos and Wolniewicz.
TBC1D15 potentiates lysosomal regeneration from damaged membranes

Acute lysosomal membrane damage reduces the cellular population of functional lysosomes. However, these damaged lysosomes have a remarkable recovery potential independent of lysosomal biogenesis and remain unaffected in TFEB/TFE3-depleted cells. We combined proximity labelling based proteomics, biochemistry and high-resolution microscopy to unravel a new lysosomal membrane regeneration pathway which is dependent on ATG8, lysosomal membrane protein LIMP2, the Rab7 GAP TBC1D15, and proteins required for autophagic lysosomal reformation (ALR) including Dynamin2, Kinesin5B and Clathrin. Upon lysosomal damage, LIMP2 act as a lysophagy receptor to bind ATG8, which in turn recruits TBC1D15 to damaged membranes. TBC1D15 hydrolyses Rab7-GTP to segregate the damaged lysosomal mass and provides a scaffold to assemble and stabilize the ALR machinery, potentiating the formation of lysosomal tubules and subsequent Dynamin2-dependent scission. TBC1D15-mediated lysosome regeneration was also observed in a cell culture model of oxalate nephropathy.
Functional network organization of the mouse cortex determined by wide-field fluorescence imaging shares some —but not all— properties revealed with simultaneous fMRI-BOLD

Understanding the organization of large-scale brain networks remains a central problem in neuroscience. Work in both humans and rodents shows that the brain can be decomposed in terms of several networks (e.g., “default network”). Whereas the bulk of what we know is based on the blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal, the relationship between BOLD and neuronal activity is complex, which poses several challenges to interpreting networks revealed by this technique. To resolve these challenges, here we employed wide-field Ca 2+ imaging simultaneously recorded with fMRI-BOLD in a highly-sampled group of GCaMP6f-expressing mice. This allowed us to determine the relationship between networks discovered by BOLD and Ca 2+ signals both at the group level and in individual animals. Network partition used a mixed-membership stochastic blockmodel algorithm, which allows networks to be overlapping, such that a brain region may be assigned to multiple networks with varying strengths. Here, we tested the hypothesis that functional networks of the mouse brain are organized in an overlapping manner for both BOLD and Ca 2+ data. Our findings demonstrate that BOLD large-scale networks can be detected via Ca 2+ signals. In addition: (1) Overlapping networks were reliably estimated at the group level via random-effects statistical analysis. (2) Functional organization was generally similar for BOLD and Ca 2+ ; e.g., with seven networks, cosine similarity was very high in five instances (values between 0.82-0.90; max possible value of 1), moderate in one case (0.73) and different in one case (0.26). (3) We discovered overlapping network organization in both data modalities, which was quantified in multiple ways; e.g., the proportion of regions that belonged to multiple networks was 75% for BOLD and 60% for Ca 2+ . (4) The large-scale functional organization of the mouse cortex as determined by Ca 2+ signals is considerably more similar to that with BOLD when both signal modalities are considered in the low temporal
Strategies and experimental tips for optimized quantitative single-molecule studies of membrane and membrane-associated proteins

The study of stoichiometry and supra-molecular organization of membrane (and membrane-associated) proteins plays a key role in understanding membrane structure and function. Single-molecule localization techniques (SML), besides providing imaging at unprecedented resolution, also offer quantitative tools such as stepwise photobleaching (SP) experiments and quantitative single-molecule localization (qSMLM). SML is becoming widely present in imaging core facilities but addressing biological problems by molecular counting experiments still remains not straightforward since experimental approaches for sample preparation require particular attention. We will focus on the experimental aspects that may prevent successful quantitative SML experiments of membrane-associated proteins. Depending on the specific experiment, to avoid artifacts and to miscount, fine-tuning of the expression levels and proper staining procedures are required, as well as optimized protocols and controls for counting. The work aims to highlight the crucial aspects that must be faced when quantitative single-molecule experiments are performed, helping to match the gap between sample preparation and the application of quantitative fluorescence microscopy techniques.
Logical modelling of myelofibrotic microenvironment predicts dysregulated progenitor stem cell crosstalk

Primary myelofibrosis is an untreatable age-related disorder of haematopoiesis in which a break in the crosstalk between progenitor Haematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and neighbouring mesenchymal stem cells causes HSCs to rapidly proliferate and migrate out of the bone marrow. 90% of patients harbour mutations in driver genes that all converge to overactivate hematopoietic JAK-STAT signalling, which is thought to be critical for disease progression, as well as microenvironment modification induced by chronic inflammation. The trigger to the initial event is unknown but dysregulated thrombopoietin (TPO) and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signalling are hypothesised to initiate chronic inflammation which then disrupts stem cell crosstalk. Using a systems biology approach, we have constructed an inter and intracellular logical model that captures JAK-STAT signalling and key crosstalk channels between haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of the model is to decipher how TPO and TLR stimulation can perturb the bone marrow microenvironment and dysregulate stem cell crosstalk. The model predicted conditions in which the disease was averted and established for both wildtype and ectopically JAK mutated simulations. The presence of TPO and TLR are both required to disturb stem cell crosstalk and result in the disease for wildtype. TLR signalling alone was sufficient to perturb the crosstalk and drive disease progression for JAK mutated simulations. Furthermore, the model predicts the probability of disease onset for wildtype simulations that matches clinical data. These predictions might explain why patients who test negative for the JAK mutation can still be diagnosed with PMF, in which continual exposure to TPO and TLR receptor activation may trigger the initial inflammatory event that perturbs the bone marrow microenvironment and induce disease onset.
Label-Free Digital Holotomography Reveals Ibuprofen-Induced Morphological Changes to Red Blood Cells

Understanding the dose-dependent effect of over-the-counter drugs on red blood cells (RBCs) is crucial for hematology and digital pathology. Yet, it is challenging to continuously record the real-time, drug-induced nanoscopic shape changes of RBCs in a label-free manner. Here, we demonstrate digital holotomography (DHTM) enabled real-time, label-free concentration-dependent and time-dependent monitoring of ibuprofen on RBCs from a healthy donor. The RBCs are segmented based on 3D and 4D refractive index tomograms and their morphological and chemical parameters are retrieved with their shapes classified using machine learning. We directly observed the formation and motion of spicules on the RBC membranes when aqueous solutions of ibuprofen were drop cast on wet blood, creating rough-membraned echinocyte forms. At low concentrations of 0.25-0.50 mM, the ibuprofen-induced morphological change was transient but at high concentrations (1.5-3 mM) the spiculated RBC remained over a period of up to 1.5 hours. Molecular simulations confirmed that aggregates of ibuprofen molecules at high concentrations significantly disrupted the RBC membrane structural integrity and lipid order, but produced negligible effect at low ibuprofen concentrations. Control experiments on the effect of urea, hydrogen peroxide and aqueous solutions on RBCs showed zero spicule formation. Our work elucidates the dose-dependent chemical effects on RBCs using label-free microscopes that can be deployed for the rapid detection of overdosage of over-the-counter and prescribed drugs. Significance The interaction between drugs and blood cells is an important field of study in order to understand the risk for drug-induced haematological adverse effects. Using digital holo-tomographic microscopy (DHTM), we can resolve the real-time effect of medications on the morphological and chemical properties of red blood cells with high spatial and temporal resolution and in a label-free manner. We show that our approach can be used as a haematology platform for the diagnosis of blood disorders and for monitoring the dose-dependent effect of prescribed and over-the-counter medications in a cost-effective manner, with significant implications for its applicability in resource-limited settings and in the field of personalized medicine.