Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Performance of Electrostatically Doped Double POLO PERC Solar Cell through Metal Silicides

Passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) solar cell technology has garnered significant attention in the photovoltaic (PV) industry due to its ability to enable mass production with minimal losses. However, contact recombination losses remain a limiting factor for device performance. To mitigate these losses, a double-POLO (polysilicon on oxide) contact approach utilizing polysilicon on oxide is employed to serve as passivating contacts. As part of this study, a PERC device by using double POLO is designed through Silvaco-TCAD simulator. Additionally, another technique i.e., electrostatically doping (ED) is used as an alternative to physical-doping without poly-Si layer. Further, this proposed study investigates the influence of metal silicides on rear surface viz $\operatorname{ErSi}_{0.25}(3 \mathrm{eV}), \mathrm{Ti}_{5} \mathrm{Si}_{3}(3.71 \mathrm{eV}), \mathrm{YbSi}_{2}(3.95$ eV) on front surface and ErSi ${}^{1}. 7(5.4 \mathrm{eV}), \mathrm{WSi}_{2}$ (5.2 eV), Pt2Si $(5.17 \mathrm{eV})$. To evaluate the proposed device, various $P V$ parameters, J-V curve and EQE curve are analyzed. The results indicate that optimized metal silicides with low WF of ErSi $0_{0.25}(3 \mathrm{eV})$ on the front surface and for rear side, high WF of $\mathrm{ErSi}_{1.7}(5.4 \mathrm{eV})$ lead to superior performance. The proposed device achieved optimized higher $P V$ parameters viz. $J_{S C}(41.02$ $\left.\mathrm{mA} / \mathrm{cm}^{2}\right)$, Voc $(0.735 \mathrm{~V})$, FF (80.73 %), and PCE(24.34 %). These results demonstrate the potential of silicide-based double-POLO devices and can serve as a foundation for future advancements in the performance of PERC device.
The Effect of Temperature on Flight Initiation of Pine Processionary Moth in Bulgaria

The purpose of the present work is to study the temperature effect on the flight initiation of the Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Our results show that the flight initiation of males is at relatively lower temperatures than females. Also, the average temperature for the flight initiation of the summer form is lower than for the winter one. This indicates a better adaptability of the summer form to lower ambient temperatures which should favour its spread in habitats located at a higher altitude in the country.
Review on Main Arboviruses Circulating on French Guiana, An Ultra-Peripheric European Region in South America

French Guiana (FG), a French overseas territory in South America, is susceptible to tropical diseases, including arboviruses. The tropical climate supports the proliferation and establishment of vectors, making it difficult to control transmission. In the last ten years, FG has experienced large outbreaks of imported arboviruses such as Chikungunya and Zika, as well as endemic arboviruses such as dengue, Yellow fever, and Oropouche virus. Epidemiological surveillance is challenging due to the differing distributions and behaviors of vectors. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge of these arboviruses in FG and discuss the challenges of arbovirus emergence and reemergence. Effective control measures are hampered by the nonspecific clinical presentation of these diseases, as well as the Aedes aegypti mosquito’s resistance to insecticides. Despite the high seroprevalence of certain viruses, the possibility of new epidemics cannot be ruled out. Therefore, active epidemiological surveillance is needed to identify potential outbreaks, and an adequate sentinel surveillance system and broad virological diagnostic panel are being developed in FG to improve disease management.
Sun-Fi: Architecting Glass for Sunlight Data Transmission

Solar energy, as a sustainable power resource, has mainly been used for electricity generation and heating purposes. Nevertheless, large amounts of daylight are underutilized and primarily used for indoor lighting. In this article, we investigate exploiting sunlight as a green information carrier by passively modulating its power to stream data. Switchable glass technologies can be employed to manipulate the ambient light allowing optical wireless communications. In this context, we explore candidate smart-glass technologies and give an overview of the sunlight modulation communication system, called Sun-Fi. Then, based on the liquid crystal devices technology, we discuss the newly proposed architecture known as dual-cell liquid crystal shutters (DLS), which can establish a flicker-free communication link. Afterward, we stack the DLS elements in an array form while adopting polarization-based modulation and time division multiplexing to modulate the sunlight and transmit the required data. Finally, we define several open issues of the sunlight communication system and provide potential solutions.
Visualization of Elastic Waves by Digital Laser Ultrasonics.

We have developed a laser ultrasonic system for a visualization of elastic waves propagating on a solid surface. Scanning an optical heterodyne probe to measure surface transient displacements, ultrasonic waves in the frequency range up to 50 MHz are detected and passed to a personal computer through a digital oscilloscope. The recorded signals are reconstructed to make 3-D displacement images at any propagation time. This system can produce a series of successive images as an animation of wave propagation. Using this visualization technique, we observed the scattering and diffraction of ultrasonic waves around various shapes of penetrations on aluminum plate, and examined its application to nondestructive inspection.
Partition and clustering for sub-trajectories of moving objects

Clustering trajectories as a whole can miss common sub-trajectories.Discovering common sub-trajectories is very useful in many applications,such as weather forecast and traffic control.A new method T-CLUS is proposed to clustering trajectories,which partitions a trajectory into line segments,and then the augmented cluster-ordering of the line segments is generated,finally cluster structure of sub-trajectories is identified by means of reachability plot.Experimental results demonstrate that T-CLUS is scalable and accurate to discover common sub-trajectories from a trajectory database.
Race and Ethnic and Sex Differences in Rhythm Control Treatment of Incident Atrial Fibrillation

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Timely management and treatment is critical in alleviating AF disease burden. Variation in treatment by race and ethnic and sex could lead to inequities in health outcomes. Objective To identify racial and ethnic and sex differences in rhythm treatment for patients with incident AF. Methods Using 2010–2019 Optum Clinformatics database, an administrative claims data for commercially insured patients in the United States (US), incident AF patients ≥20 years old who were continuously enrolled 12-months pre- and post-index diagnosis were identified. Rhythm control treatment (ablation, antiarrhythmic drugs [AAD], and cardioversion) for AF were compared by patient race and ethnicity (Asian, Hispanic, Black vs White) and sex (female vs male). Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of race and ethnicity and sex with rhythm control AF treatment. Results A total of 77,932 patients were identified with incident AF. Black and Hispanic female patients had the highest CHA2DS2VASc scores (4.3 ± 1.8) and Elixhauser scores (4.1 ± 2.8 and 4.0 ± 6.7), respectively. Black males were less likely to receive AAD treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–0.96) or ablation (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58–0.90). Compared to White males, all groups had lower likelihood of receiving cardioversion with Asian females having the lowest [aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, (0.37–0.63)]. Conclusion Black patients were less likely to receive pharmacologic and procedural rhythm control therapies. Further research is needed to understand the drivers of undertreatment among racial and ethnic groups and females with AF.
Humans feel too special for machines to score their morals

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) can be harnessed to create sophisticated social and moral scoring systems—enabling people and organizations to form judgments of others at scale. However, it also poses significant ethical challenges and is, subsequently, the subject of wide debate. As these technologies are developed and governing bodies face regulatory decisions, it is crucial that we understand the attraction or resistance that people have for AI moral scoring. Across four experiments, we show that the acceptability of moral scoring by AI is related to expectations about the quality of those scores, but that expectations about quality are compromised by people's tendency to see themselves as morally peculiar. We demonstrate that people overestimate the peculiarity of their moral profile, believe that AI will neglect this peculiarity, and resist for this reason the introduction of moral scoring by AI.
Influence of Mineral Fertilizers and Methods of Basic Tillage on the Yield and Oil Content of Sunflower

: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic tillage on the yield and oil content of sunflowers in the north of Kazakhstan. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural experimental Station Zarechnoye limited liability partnership with southern thin chernozem soils. Records and observations of the growth and development of sunflowers were carried out using modern methodological recommendations. The used agricultural technique of sunflower cultivation in the experiments was the one recommended for the study area. The authors studied new sunflower hybrids and different variants for the use of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic tillage. The paper concludes that it is important to use new sunflower hybrids Sumatra, Suzuka and Sumiko which achieve yields at the level of 1.34-1.46 c/ha with an oil content of 48.52-48.88%, which is the scientific novelty of the study. The combined use of mineral fertilizers according to the scheme N 40 P 40 in the autumn + N 20 P 20 in spring when sowing + N 10 P 10 fertilizing in the conditions of the study zone increased the yield and harvest of sunflower oil to 1.34 and 0.65 t/ha. The no-till technique improved the biometric and productive yield indicators. In this variant, a high yield of sunflower was obtained (1.31 t/ha) with a high oil content (48.49%) and a higher oil yield of 0.63 t/ha was provided. These improvements in the quality and productivity of sunflower as the main oilseed crop are of significant importance for food security and sustainable agriculture in Northern Kazakhstan.
On the benefits of latent variable modeling for norming scales

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a powerful and flexible analytic tool to model latent constructs and their relations with observed variables and other constructs. SEM applications offer advantages over classical models in dealing with statistical assumptions and in adjusting for measurement error. So far, however, SEM has not been fully used to develop norms of assessments in educational or psychological fields. In this article, we highlighted the norming process of the Supports Intensity Scale – Children’s Version (SIS-C) within the SEM framework, using a recently developed method of identification (i.e., effects-coding method) that estimates latent means and variances in the metric of the observed indicators. The SIS-C norming process involved (a) creating parcels, (b) estimating latent means and standard deviations, (c) computing T scores using obtained latent means and standard deviations, and (d) reporting percentile ranks.
Analysis and optimization of mass percentage of zycoprint polymer and abrasives in achieving stability of suspension mixture in abrasive water jet machining

The suspension parameters are vital in the suspension-type abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining of several engineering materials, more so in difficult-to-cut materials, because it significantly influences the suspension stability and sedimentation behaviour of the suspension mixture and abrasive particle acceleration into the AWJs. The suspension stability and abrasive particle acceleration of the suspension-type AWJs are improved by using polymer additives. Hence, it is necessary to study the effect of suspension parameters (abrasive and polymer concentrations) on suspension stability. In this direction, the novel work reported in the paper analyses the stability of suspension by varying the mass percentage of abrasives (garnet and aluminum oxide (Al2O3)) (ωa) and mass percentage of the zycoprint polymer (ωp) in water by considering the Taguchi L9 Orthogonal array (OA). The linear regression (LR) models for the percentage of suspension volume with garnet (VsG) and the percentage of suspension volume with Al2O3 (VsA), are developed. The JAYA algorithm is used to find the optimal combination of the suspension parameters, and its results are in close agreement with the findings from the LR results. The optimum setting of the suspension parameters for both, VsG and VsA, is 3% of ωa and 0.80% of ωp.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Comparator Applied in W-Band Circularly Polarized Monopulse Antenna

In this letter, a novel wideband comparator for W-band circularly polarized (CP) monopulse antenna is proposed and analyzed. The comparator mainly consists of four 3 dB waveguide couplers and a novel wideband phase shifter (PS). The bandwidth of the comparator is greatly enhanced by combining the sequential rotation feeding technique with the wideband PS technique for the first time. To verify its wideband performance, the CP monopulse antenna consisting of the comparator and a 2 × 2 CP horn array is fabricated and measured. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation. For the measured sum (Σ) channel, the reflection coefficient lower than −10 dB, the realized gain not less than 11.5 dBi, and the axial ratio better than 0.45 dB are realized in the whole W-band (75–110 GHz). For the measured azimuth and elevation difference (Δ) channels, the null depths of the difference patterns are less than −25.8 dB at 80, 92.5, and 105 GHz, and the difference patterns are symmetrical and stable.
Numerical Study of Winglet at Low Reynolds Numbers

A numerical study has been performed to evaluate the aerodynamics coefficients of a winglet in the range of Reynolds numbers below 30,000. In this study some parameters on winglet design have been considered. The effect of winglet-tip airfoil thickness has been investigated on aerodynamics coefficients. In order to explore this effect, two different airfoils (NACA0002 and NACA0012) were employed at the winglet-tip. The influence of varying the winglet connection angle to the wing on aerodynamics coefficients and flow field characteristics in the vortex flow zone such as; circulation magnitude and vorticity magnitude in the vortex core have been studied. Six connection angles including 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60° and 70° have been studied. Negative values of these angles have also been considered. In addition, the effect of changing wing aspect ratio on aerodynamics coefficients has been investigated. To solve the flow field around the studied geometry a fully structured grid was used which consists of 84 blocks.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Combining Features of Question Based on Diversity and Importance

In research on question classification in question answering system,combining features can greatly help construct efficient question classifier. In order to deal w ith the problem of low performance of existing methods,a new method of diversity and importance based feature combination( DIFC) is proposed. By calculating the diversity betw een candidate feature and current combination for error and correct classification respectively,and the importance of candidate feature,features can be dynamically selected from candidate feature set. The experimental results of bag- of- w ords binding features on the HIT Chinese question set show that,compared w ith other methods,the new method is flexible and efficient,and gets more optimal feature combination.
9T SRAM Cell for Computation-In-Memory Architectures: Proposal & Investigation

By keeping data-intensive applications into consideration, we have investigated the robustness of digital logic circuit design for Computation In-Memory (CiM) using 9T SRAM cells at 22 nm technology nodes. PVT analysis (Process corner, Voltage, and Temperature) is also presented to check the robustness of the circuit. We have proposed a latch-based sense amplifier and voltage reference for 9T SRAM-based CiM architecture. The proposed design is good for demonstrating the logical operation with the memory. A comparison of 250 nm technology against 22 nm is also demonstrated in this work for 9T SRAM-based CiM.
Simultaneous Reconstruction of Temperature and Soot Volume Fraction in Ethylene Flame Using SPSO Method

A portable spectrometer with measurement range of 500～1000 nm was used to scan 30 mm and 50 mm height of ethylene flame and the monochromatic radiation intensities were obtained through calibration in a blackbody furnace.The distributions of temperature and soot volume fraction at the two height of flame were simultaneously reconstructed using the stochastic particle swarm optimizer(SPSO). In comparison with the Abel inversion algorithm and Tikhonov regularization method,it is proved that SPSO method is feasible and effective on simultaneous reconstruction of temperature and soot volume fraction in axisymmetric flames.
Prediction of Flood in Bangladesh Using Different Classifier Model

Bangladesh is highly affected by climate change scenarios notably floods due to its location on the world map in the South Asian region. Besides due to monsoon rains and high upstream rainfall in several areas eventually turn into floods. Thus, early flood forecasting might save human lives as well as agriculture crops. In this paper, we have applied different machine learning classifier models (Decision tree, Naive bayes, k-NN and Random forest) with a view to predicting the occurrence of flood. RapidMiner tool has been used extensively to perform data preparation, decision tree model generation, cross-validation, model selection and optimization of the model parameters. It is seen that the decision tree model has performed well by achieving an accuracy of 94.23% which is further optimized to reach 94.68%. Feature Selection using ‘correlation matrix’ is also a good aspect of this work by which we have achieved a good accuracy.
Divergent Plume Reduction of a High-Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thruster

High Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thrusters (HEMPTs) are a relatively new form of electric propulsion that show promise for use on a variety of missions and have several advantages over their older EP competitors. One such advantage is their long predicted lifetime and minimal wall erosion due to a unique periodic permanent magnet system. A laboratory HEMPT was built and donated by JPL for testing at Cal Poly. Previous work was done to characterize the performance of this thruster and it was found to exhibit a large plume divergence, resulting in decreased thrust and specific impulse. This thesis explores the design and application of a magnetic shield to modify the thruster's magnetic field to force more ion current towards the centerline. A previous Cal Poly thesis explored the same concept, and that work is continued and furthered here. The previous thesis tested a shield which increased centerline current but decreased performance. A new shield design which should avoid this performance decrease is studied here. Magnetic modelling of the thruster was performed using COMSOL. This model was verified using guassmeters to measure the field strength at many discrete points within and near the HEMPT, with a focus on the ionization channel and exit plane. A shield design which should significantly reduce the radial field strength at the exit plane without affecting the ionization channel field was modelled and implemented. The HEMPT was tested in a vacuum chamber with and without the shield to characterize any change to performance characteristics. Data were collected using a nude Faraday probe and retarding potential analyzer. The data show a significant increase in centerline current with the application of the shield, but due to RPA malfunction and thruster failure the actual change in performance could not be concluded. v The unshielded HEMPT was characterized, however, and was found to produce 12.1 ± 1.3 mN of thrust with a specific impulse of 1361 ± 147s. The thruster operated with a total efficiency of 10.63 ± 3.66%, an efficiency much lower than expected. A large contributor to this low efficiency is likely the use of argon in place of xenon. Its lower mass and higher ionization energy make it a less efficient propellant choice. Further, the thruster is prone to overheating, indicating that significant thermal losses are present in this design. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to recognize here all of the people who made this thesis possible, and …
Simulation of the Impact of Urbanization and Demography on the Demand for School Infrastructure in the City of Ouagadougou: Towards a conceptual framework

The growing demography and galloping urbanization of the city of Ouagadougou in recent years had a considerable impact on the demand for school infrastructure. Urban dynamics coupled with school dynamics is a complex system characterized by a set of complex interactions at different spatio-temporal scales. Modeling by its ability to abstract and integrate data from different sources and natures and to predict the state of a complex system is relevant for analyzing the impact of demography on the development of school infrastructures. This study aims at developing an agent-based model to represent the interactions between the urban system and the school system. Throughout this study, a conceptual framework based on a multi-formalism and multi-scale approaches have been proposed. Finally, a simulation prototype was developed to analyze the impact of demography on the development of school infrastructures. In perspective, it will be a question of finalizing the development of the decision-making tool, carrying out simulations and setting up a massive database.
The annual cycle of the West African monsoon in a two‐dimensional model: mechanisms of the rain‐band migration

The processes that drive the annual cycle of the West African Monsoon (WAM) are analysed using an idealized meridional–vertical numerical model that includes moist physics. Using the work by Peyrillé and Lafore (2007) as a starting point, the framework has been adapted to studying the annual cycle. A suitable forcing methodology for temperature and humidity has been derived which allows the two‐dimensional model to reproduce the main features of the WAM.
Bistatic MIMO DFRC System Waveform Design via Fractional Programming

The Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and sum-rate (SR) are widely-used metrics in the radar parameter estimation performance evaluation and communication quality-of-service (QoS) assessment, respectively. In this paper, we adopt these two metrics in waveform design for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output dual-function radar-communication (MIMO DFRC) systems, which is different from existing methods where only suboptimal optimization criteria are employed. However, both of the design formulations result in nonconvex and nonlinear fractional programming (FP) problems with complex fractional constraint and objective function. Especially, the CRLB for direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) in bistatic DFRC MIMO system is a fraction with quadratic polynomial in the numerator and quartic polynomial in the denominator; whereas the SR expression corresponds to a summation-log-fraction function. By fractional function transformation and convexification, complex function design and simplification, and summation-log-fraction function separation, this article derives an FP framework to solve these complicated problems. Numerical results demonstrate the excellent performance of our design solutions.