Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ModelicaML value bindings for automated model composition

Virtual Verification of Designs against Requirements (vVDR) is a method for model-based system design verification. This paper discusses enhancements to the vVDR method and its implementation in ModelicaML to further improve the support of system verification activities by automation. In the vVDR method there are different kinds of models that are created independently. However, they will become dependent and need to be related to each other in some concrete verification context. The aim is to reduce modeling errors and modeling efforts by automatically composing verification models from their constituting sub-models based on data dependencies that are defined using so-called mediators, which allow the expression of data dependencies between models without affecting, i.e. changing, the models themselves.
NAFTA's Economic Effects on Mexico

Since 1994, the Mexican economy has experienced higher growth than in previous years, coinciding with a significant surge in foreign investment and trade, commonly viewed as resulting from NAFTA. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of this preferential trade agreement, during its first six years of implementation, on some key economic variables and to determine whether the originally predicted benefits are in fact arising.
Effects of Serotonin and Noradrenaline on Neuroplasticity and Excitability of The Primary Motor Cortex in Humans

In the thesis, we were interested to explore the impact of acute and chronic serotonergic and noradrenergic receptor activity enhancement on functional plasticity of the human brain. Furthermore, we investigated the acute and chronic effects of noradrenaline on cortical excitability in humans. The first chapter introduces basic mechanisms relevant for understanding the studies included in the thesis. The second chapter consists of the papers presenting the research results. The concluding chapter summarizes the main results of the studies and offers an outlook to future research in the field.
Solving Verbal Crypto-Arithmetic Problem by Parallel Genetic Algorithm (PGA)

 Abstract— Cryptarithmetic puzzles are quite old and their inventor is not known. An example in The American Agriculturist of 1864 disproves the popular notion that it was invented by Sam Loyd. The name cryptarithmetic was coined by puzzlist Minos (pseudonym of Maurice Vatriquant) in the May 1931 issue of Sphinx, a Belgian magazine of recreational mathematics. In the 1955, J. A. H. Hunter introduced the word "alphabetic" to designate cryptarithms, such as Dudeney's, whose letters from meaningful words or phrases. Solving a cryptarithm by hand usually involves a mix of deductions and exhaustive tests of possibilities. Cryptarithmetic is a puzzle consisting of an arithmetic problem in which the digits have been replaced by letters of the alphabet. The goal is to decipher the letters (i.e. Map them back onto the digits) using the constraints provided by arithmetic and the additional constraint that no two letters can have the same numerical value. Cryptarithmetic is a class of constraint satisfaction problems which includes making mathematical relations between meaningful words using simple arithmetic operators like 'plus' in a way that the result is conceptually true, and assigning digits to the letters of these words and generating numbers in order to make correct arithmetic operations as well
Toward understanding environmental effects in SDSS clusters

We find clusters and superclusters of galaxies using the Data Release 1 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We determine the luminosity function of clusters and find that clusters in a high-density environment have a luminosity a factor of {approx}5 higher than in a low-density environment. We also study clusters and superclusters in numerical simulations. Simulated clusters in a high-density environment are also more massive than those in a low-density environment. Comparison of the density distribution at various epochs in simulations shows that in large low-density regions (voids) dynamical evolution is very slow and stops at an early epoch. In contrast, in large regions of higher density (superclusters) dynamical evolution starts early and continues until the present; here particles cluster early, and by merging of smaller groups very rich systems of galaxies form.
Structure of cognitive infocommunication channels: Audio-tactile sensor bridging

Nyilatkozat önálló munkáról, hivatkozások átvételéről Alulírott Csapó Ádám Balázs kijelentem, hogy ezt a doktori értekezést magam készítettem, és abban csak a megadott forrásokat használtam fel. Minden olyan részt, amelyet szó szerint, vagy azonos tartalomban, de átfogalmazva más forrás-ból vettem, egyértelműen a forrás megadásával megjelöltem. Alulírott Csapó Ádám Balázs hozzájárulok a doktori értekezésem interneten történő nyilvánosságra hozatalához az alábbi formában * :-korlátozás nélkül-elérhetőség csak magyarországi címről-elérhetőség a fokozat odaítélését követően 2 év múlva, korlátozás nélkül-elérhetőség a fokozat odaítélését követően 2 év múlva, csak magyarországi címről Budapest, 2014. január 5. Csapó Ádám Balázs * a megfelelő választást kérjük aláhúzni ii Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest appreciation and gratitude to my supervisor, Péter Baranyi. This dis-sertation would not have been possible without his guidance and unconditional support throughout my studies.
PLATELETS AND THROMBOPOIESIS In fl uenza virus H 1 N 1 activates platelets through Fc g RIIA signaling and thrombin generation

• In influenza-immune subjects, H1N1 influenza virus–containing immune complexes can activate platelets through FcgRIIA. • H1N1 can also activate platelets through thrombin, independently of FcgRIIA, pointing to a role of coagulation in influenza infection. Platelets play crucial functions in hemostasis and the prevention of bleeding. During H1N1 influenza A virus infection, platelets display activation markers. The platelet activation
The Cross-Correlation between Galaxies of Different Luminosities and Colors

We study the cross-correlation between galaxies of different luminosities and colors, using a sample of 284,489 galaxies selected from SDSS DR4. Galaxies are divided into six samples according to luminosity, and each of these samples is further divided into red and blue subsamples according to their (g - r) colors. Projected autocorrelation is estimated for each subsample, and projected cross-correlation is estimated for each pair of subsamples. At projected separations rp ≳ 1 h-1 Mpc, all correlation functions are roughly parallel, although the correlation amplitude depends systematically on both luminosity and color. On rp ≲ 1 h-1 Mpc, the autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions of red galaxies are significantly enhanced relative to the corresponding power laws obtained on larger scales. Such enhancement is absent for blue galaxies and in the cross-correlation between red and blue galaxies. We estimate the relative bias factor on scales r ≳ 1 h-1 Mpc for each subsample using its autocorrelation function as well as its cross-correlation functions with other subsamples. The relative bias factors obtained from different methods are similar. For blue galaxies the luminosity dependence of the relative bias is strong over the entire luminosity range probed (-23.0 < Mr ≤ -18.0), while for red galaxies the dependence is weaker and becomes insignificant for luminosities below L*. In order to examine whether a significant stochastic/nonlinear component exists in the bias relation, we study the ratio ℛij ≡ WiiWjj/W, where Wij is the projected correlation between subsample "i" and "j." Results suggest that a significant stochastic/nonlinear component exists in the relationship between red and blue galaxies, particularly on small scales.
Low MAD2 expression levels associate with reduced progression-free survival in patients with high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has an innate susceptibility to become chemoresistant. Up to 30% of patients do not respond to conventional chemotherapy [paclitaxel (Taxol®) in combination with carboplatin] and, of those who have an initial response, many patients relapse. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular chemotherapeutic responses in EOC cells has the potential to impact significantly on patient outcome. The mitotic arrest deficiency protein 2 (MAD2), is a centrally important mediator of the cellular response to paclitaxel. MAD2 immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 82 high‐grade serous EOC samples. A multivariate Cox regression analysis of nuclear MAD2 IHC intensity adjusting for stage, tumour grade and optimum surgical debulking revealed that low MAD2 IHC staining intensity was significantly associated with reduced progression‐free survival (PFS) (p = 0.0003), with a hazard ratio of 4.689. The in vitro analyses of five ovarian cancer cell lines demonstrated that cells with low MAD2 expression were less sensitive to paclitaxel. Furthermore, paclitaxel‐induced activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and apoptotic cell death was abrogated in cells transfected with MAD2 siRNA. In silico analysis identified a miR‐433 binding domain in the MAD2 3′ UTR, which was verified in a series of experiments. Firstly, MAD2 protein expression levels were down‐regulated in pre‐miR‐433 transfected A2780 cells. Secondly, pre‐miR‐433 suppressed the activity of a reporter construct containing the 3′‐UTR of MAD2. Thirdly, blocking miR‐433 binding to the MAD2 3′ UTR protected MAD2 from miR‐433 induced protein down‐regulation. Importantly, reduced MAD2 protein expression in pre‐miR‐433‐transfected A2780 cells rendered these cells less sensitive to paclitaxel. In conclusion, loss of MAD2 protein expression results in increased resistance to paclitaxel in EOC cells. Measuring MAD2 IHC staining intensity may predict paclitaxel responses in women presenting with high‐grade serous EOC. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the Diffusion of Psychological Stress

Stress reduces quality of life and causes many diseases. Nevertheless, it is not completely clear whether stress transmission may involve acquaintances and other people in addition to lovers, friends, and relatives. More generally, it is not clear how stress spreads among the population and how its diffusion in a society can be estimated. This chapter presents a set of mathematical and computational models that can be used to approach the modeling of psychological stress diffusion.
Slow-Moving Ship Target Extraction Using Complex Wavelet Packets

We report on a technique for the radar ship signal extraction from contaminated sea clutter. Group normalization (GN) is presented to overcome that conventional wavelet packet coefficients not appropriately represent the strength of signal. The l entropy is extended to l one to improve the performance. The symmetric, complex wavelet packets are used for radar signal processing.
Inhalation of swine dust induces cytokine release in the upper and lower airways.

In healthy subjects, acute inhalation of swine dust causes an influx of inflammatory cells into the airways and increased bronchial responsiveness. The exposure may also cause fever and generalized symptoms. It seems likely that proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the response to inhaled swine dust. Nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed before, and 7 and 24 h after the start of 3 h exposure to swine dust, during a period of work in a swine confinement building, in 22 healthy subjects. Lavage fluids were analysed with regard to the cellular response and concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Each subject carried personal samplers for exposure measurements. Inhalable dust and airborne endotoxin, 3-hydroxylated (2-OH) fatty acid and muramic acid were measured. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was investigated 1-2 weeks before and 7 h after the start of the exposure. Exposure caused fever (> 38 degrees C) in three subjects, and approximately 25% of the subjects experienced symptoms. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine increased by 3.5 (1.6-4.8) doubling doses (median (25th-75th percentile)). Following exposure, granulocytes increased more than 50 fold in BAL fluid and more than 40 fold in nasal lavage fluid. IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta increased significantly in BAL fluid (p < 0.05) and nasal lavage fluid (p < 0.01). IL-6 increased 25 fold in BAL and 15 fold in nasal lavage fluid (p < 0.001). TNF-alpha was below detection limit (0.25 ng.L-1) in most subjects before exposure and increased following exposure to 3.8 (2.4-5.7) and 1.3 (0.6-2.3) ng.L-1 in BAL and nasal lavage fluid, respectively, (p < 0.001). Total inhalable dust was 20.5 (14.6-30.0) mg.m-3 and the concentrations of airborne endotoxin, 3-OH fatty acid and muramic acid were 1.2 (0.8-1.4), 3.5 (2.2-4.5) and 0.9 (0.3-1.9) microgram.m-3, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the IL-6 response in BAL fluid and exposure to dust endotoxin activity and 3-OH fatty acids (p < 0.05). Otherwise, no significant correlations were found between exposure and the cytokine response. We conclude that exposure to swine dust causes an intense upper and lower airway inflammation, which involves the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
Self-stabilizing K-out-of-L exclusion cloudlets for mobile devices

Cloudlet is a small cloud located near the mobile user, which makes feasible for the mobile devices to interact with clouds and removes the problem of high latency and low bandwidth. Thick clients (e.g., mobile users with heavy needs) are totally dependent on the cloudlet to satisfy their heterogeneous requests. K-out-of-ℓ exclusion is a variant of classic mutual exclusion in distributed computing systems. It is used to deal with heterogeneous requests. In K-out-of-ℓ exclusion, a process can request at most K resources out of ℓ available resources. A cloudlet with richer resources or located near the actual cloud can also act as a cloud for other cloudlets. In this exposition, we present a K-out-of-ℓ exclusion cloudlet for a mobile user. Recently, Datta et al. had proposed a self-stabilizing K-out-of-ℓ exclusion protocol for tree networked static distributed systems [5]. We reduce the waiting time of Datta's protocol. We then adapt the modified protocol for cellular mobile networks and apply it to resolve the latency problem in cloudlets.
Senior CHI — the CHI 99 development consortium

As is well known, the number of older adults within developed countries is increasing faster than their younger counterparts. By the year 2000, 35 million Americans will be older than 65 years of age. By 2010, this will increase to 39.7 million [ 1,2]. Such a change in demographics brings with it unique challenges and opportunities for both the public and private sectors. Human factors andergonomics have played, and can continue to play, a major role in meeting the challenge of designing for this community of users, Recent research shows that 25% of seniors with computers are online and 70% are using their computers daily [3]. This is the fastest growing group on Internet. To design effective systems and training programs in support of age-related performance issues, we must answer fundamental questions concerning older users and the ways in which they approach and use computing technology. What myths and stereotypes about older users can we dispel? What non-obvious truths about older users can we uncover?
Nonlinear optics in photonic crystal nanostructures

We examine nonlinear Kerr effects in slow-light photonic crystals in the presence of multi-photon absorption and free-carriers. We derive analytic formulations for self-phase modulation limited by three-photon absorption. These observations are confirmed with a modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). Experimental verifications of several nonlinear processes are presented to support the modeling.
Gender Differences in Human Brain: A Review

Why do men and women think differently? Why do they behave differently in stressed situations? Why do women act more emotionally as compared to men? Why do men and women excel at different types of tasks? Why do boys like to play with cars and trucks and superman? These are the common questions which arise commonly in minds.The human brain is a highly complex organ. Studies of perception, cognition, memory and neural functions have found apparent gender differences. These differences may be attributed to various genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors and do not reflect any overall superiority advantage to either sex. Both sexes are equal in intelligence, but tend to operate differently. Men and women appear to use different parts of the brain to encode memories, sense emotions, recognize faces, solve certain problems and make decisions. Indeed, when men and women of similar intelligence and aptitude perform equally well, their brains appear to go about it differently, as if nature had separate blueprints. Sex differences in the brain may play a role in learning processes, language development, and progression of neurologically- based diseases. Sex differences need to be considered in studying brain structure and function and may raise the possibility of sex-specific treatments for neurological diseases. In this article it is reviewed that how does the brain of a male look and function differently from a female's brain, and what accounts for these differences?
Extracting , Tracking and Visualizing Vortices in 3 D Complex-Valued Superconductor Simulation Data

We propose a unified method for the analytically exact vortex extraction and tracking of superconducting magnetic flux vortices for both structured and unstructured mesh data. In the Ginzburg-Landau theory, magnetic flux vortices are well-defined features in a complex-valued order parameter field, and their dynamics determine electromagnetic properties in type-II superconductors. Our method represents each vortex line (a 1D curve embedded in 3D space) as a connected graph extracted from the discretized field in both space and time. This method, which uses no approximations, represents the most exact tracking that can be performed on a set of curves in a time-varying discretized complex scalar field. We then apply 3D visualization and 2D event diagrams to the extraction and tracking results to help scientists understand vortex dynamics and macroscale superconductor behavior in greater detail than previously possible.
Tight knit under stress: colony resilience to the loss of tandem leaders during relocation in an Indian ant

The movement of colonies from one nest to another is a frequent event in the lives of many social insects and is important for their survival and propagation. This goal-oriented task is accomplished by means of tandem running in some ant species, such as Diacamma indicum. Tandem leaders are central to this process as they know the location of the new nest and lead colony members to it. Relocations involving targeted removal of leaders were compared with unmanipulated and random member removal relocations. Behavioural observations were integrated with network analysis to examine the differences in the pattern of task organization at the level of individuals and that of the colony. All colonies completed relocation successfully and leaders who substituted the removed tandem leaders conducted the task at a similar rate having redistributed the task in a less skewed manner. In terms of network structure, this resilience was due to significantly higher density and outcloseness indicating increased interaction between substitute leaders. By contrast, leader–follower interactions and random removal networks showed no discernible changes. Similar explorations of other goal-oriented tasks in other societies will possibly unveil new facets in the interplay between individuals that enable the group to respond effectively to stress.
Periodic photometric variability of the brown dwarf Kelu-1

We have detected a strong periodicity of 1.80±0.05 h in photometric observations of the brown dwarf Kelu-1. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the variation is ∼1.1 per cent (11.9±0.8 mmag) in a 41-nm wide filter centred on 857 nm and including the dust/temperature-sensitive TiO and CrH bands. We have identified two plausible causes of variability: surface features rotating in to and out of view and so modulating the light curve at the rotation period; or ellipsoidal variability caused by an orbiting companion. In the first scenario, we combine the observed v sin i of Kelu-1 and standard model radius to determine that the axis of rotation is inclined at 65°±12° to the line of sight.
Antihypertensive treatment and risk of atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study.

AIMS To examine the associations between antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, diuretics, or calcium-antagonists, and risk of atrial fibrillation. We examined these associations using the entire Danish population from 1995 through 2010. METHODS AND RESULTS Excluding medication used in atrial fibrillation, we matched individuals on ACEi monotherapy 1:1 with individuals on β-blocker (n = 48 658), diuretic (n = 69 630), calcium-antagonist (n = 57 646), and ARB monotherapy (n = 20 158). Likewise, individuals on ARB monotherapy were matched 1:1 with individuals on β-blocker (n = 20 566), diuretic (n = 20 832), calcium-antagonist (n = 20 232), and ACEi monotherapy (n = 20 158). All were free of atrial fibrillation and of predisposing diseases like heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism at baseline and none received any other antihypertensive medication. We studied risk of atrial fibrillation, and used risk of stroke, influenced by lowering blood pressure rather than renin-angiotensin system blockade per se, as an indicator of the importance of blood pressure lowering per se. Hazard ratios of atrial fibrillation for ACEi and ARB monotherapy were 0.12 (95% CI: 0.10-0.15) and 0.10 (0.07-0.14) compared with β-blocker, 0.51 (0.44-0.59) and 0.43 (0.32-0.58) compared with diuretic, and 0.97 (0.81-1.16) and 0.78 (0.56-1.08) compared with calcium-antagonist monotherapy. Risk of stroke did not differ among the five antihypertensive medications. CONCLUSION Use of ACEis and ARBs compared with β-blockers and diuretics associates with a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation, but not stroke, within the limitations of a retrospective study reporting associations. This suggests that controlling activation of the renin-angiotensin system in addition to controlling blood pressure is associated with a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation.