Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early prognostic value of the medical emergency team calling criteria in patients admitted to intensive care from the emergency department*

Objectives:To evaluate the early prognostic value of the medical emergency team (MET) calling criteria in patients admitted to intensive care from the emergency department. Design:Retrospective cohort study. Setting:Emergency department and department of intensive care medicine of a 960-bed tertiary referral hospital. Patients:A total of 452 consecutive adult patients admitted to intensive care from the emergency department from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2004. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:MET calling criteria were retrospectively extracted from patient records, and the sum of positive criteria was calculated for the first hour in the emergency department (METinitial) and subsequently until admission to the intensive care unit in a series of time periods. The maximum number of positive MET calling criteria during any time period was defined (METmax). Logistic regression analysis revealed METinitial (odds ratio [OR] 3.392, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.534–4.540) and METmax (OR 3.867, 95% CI 2.816–5.312) to be significant predictors of hospital mortality, the need for mechanical ventilation (METinitial: OR 4.151, 95% CI 3.53–4.652; METmax: OR 4.292, 95% CI 3.151–5.846), and occurrence of hemodynamic instability (METinitial: OR 1.548, 95% CI 1.258–1.905; METmax: OR 1.685, 95% CI 1.355–2.094) (all p < .0001). Conclusions:MET scores collected early after admission or throughout the stay in the emergency department allow for simple identification of patients at risk of unfavorable outcome during the subsequent intensive care unit stay.
e0103 The HindIII polymorphism in the lipoprotein lipase gene predicts type 2 diabetes risk among Chinese adults

Objective To explore whether the HindIII polymorphism in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene has a potential role in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes, and whether this relation is influenced by regulating LPL or other risk factors. Research design and methods Overall, 654 Han Chinese adults were recruited from a community-based cross-sectional study. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP technique. Pre-heparin LPL (PrLPL) and other metabolic variables were measured using standard methods. Results Individuals with the HindIII H–/H– genotype tended to have higher PrLPL and lower triglyceride (TG) levels but an unexpected higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared with carriers with the H+H+ genotype. The association between the H–/H– genotype and diabetes risk remained unchanged across all subgroups of diabetes-related risk factors and PrLPL. In an additive model, the H–/H– genotype conferred 178% increased risk [OR:2.78; 95% CI 1.04 to 7.47] for diabetes after controlling for age and sex. The strength of this association increased further after adjusting for other traditional risk factors, and for PrLPL (OR=4.06; 95% CI= 1.35 to 12.23). Furthermore, the H–/H– genotype was also associated with an increased risk of dysglycemia defined as insulin resistance plus diabetes. Conclusions This study revealed that Chinese adults with the LPL gene HindIII H–/H– genotype had a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with individuals with other genotypes, even if they had favourable lipid profiles.
Individual and contextual determinants of self-reported poor psychological health: A population-based multilevel analysis in southern Sweden

Objective: To investigate the influence of contextual and individual factors on self-reported psychological health. Design/ setting/participants/measurements: The 2000 public health survey in Scania is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study with a 59% participation rate. A total of 13,715 persons aged 18—80 answered the questionnaire. A multilevel logistic regression model, with individuals at the first level and municipalities/city quarters at the second, was performed. The effect (intra-class correlation, cross-level modification, and odds ratios) of individual and municipality/city quarter factors on self-reported psychological health was analysed. Results: The crude variance between municipalities/city quarters was small but significant. It was particularly affected and lowered by individual civil status, country of origin, economic stress, and social participation. The inclusion of all individual factors age, sex, civil status, country of origin, education, economic stress, and social participation lowered the between municipality variance to not-significant levels, which is the reason why no contextual variables were included in the calculations. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that poor self-reported psychological health is affected mainly by individual characteristics of the population and not by contextual factors at the municipality/city quarter level.
Quantitative analysis of prostate metabolites using 1H HR‐MAS spectroscopy

A method was developed to quantify prostate metabolite concentrations using 1H high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) spectroscopy. T1 and T2 relaxation times (in milliseconds) were determined for the major prostate metabolites and an internal TSP standard, and used to optimize the acquisition and repetition times (TRs) at 11.7 T. At 1°C, polyamines (PAs; T1mean = 100 ± 13, T2mean = 30.8 ± 7.4) and citrate (Cit; T1mean = 237 ± 39, T2mean = 68.1 ± 8.2) demonstrated the shortest relaxation times, while taurine (Tau; T1mean = 636 ± 78, T2mean = 331 ± 71) and choline (Cho; T1mean = 608 ± 60, T2mean = 393 ± 81) demonstrated the longest relaxation times. Millimolal metabolite concentrations were calculated for 60 postsurgical tissues using metabolite and TSP peak areas, and the mass of tissue and TSP. Phosphocholine plus glycerophosphocholine (PC+GPC), total choline (tCho), lactate (Lac), and alanine (Ala) concentrations were higher in prostate cancer ([PC+GPC]mean = 9.34 ± 6.43, [tCho]mean = 13.8 ± 7.4, [Lac]mean = 69.8 ± 27.1, [Ala]mean = 12.6 ± 6.8) than in healthy glandular ([PC+GPC]mean = 3.55 ± 1.53, P < 0.01; [tCho]mean = 7.06 ± 2.36, P < 0.01; [Lac]mean = 46.5 ± 17.4, P < 0.01; [Ala]mean = 8.63 ± 4.91, P = 0.051) and healthy stromal tissues ([PC+GPC]mean = 4.34 ± 2.46, P < 0.01; [tCho]mean = 7.04 ± 3.10, P < 0.01; [Lac]mean = 45.1 ± 18.6, P < 0.01; [Ala]mean = 6.80 ± 2.95, P < 0.01), while Cit and PA concentrations were significantly higher in healthy glandular tissues ([Cit]mean = 43.1 ± 21.2, [PAs]mean = 18.5 ± 15.6) than in healthy stromal ([Cit]mean = 16.1 ± 5.6, P < 0.01; [PAs]mean = 3.15 ± 1.81, P < 0.01) and prostate cancer tissues ([Cit]mean = 19.6 ± 12.7, P < 0.01; [PAs]mean = 5.28 ± 5.44, P < 0.01). Serial spectra acquired over 12 hr indicated that the degradation of Cho‐containing metabolites was minimized by acquiring HR‐MAS data at 1°C compared to 20°C. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
South Korean Development in Wider Perspective

ANY ATTEMPT to look at the development of South Korea in some broader perspective has to face the obvious temptation of talking about the present "stage" of Korean development. Today few people would actually admit to consciously believing that "development" can be seen as a unilineal process, that one can talk of "indexes" or of "stages" in a manner which implies that all societies go through the same, regular, predetermined sequence of change, that the international community can be seen as a kind of marathon race, with all the runners strung out along the track, some further ahead than others, but all going in the same direction-all, in fact, preprogrammed to run along the same straight line. For some kind of inevitability and predetermination is implicit in any definition of "development" or "modernization" which seeks to give those terms an objective and substantive content so that one can say "That is," or "That is not 'true' development. " Thus, although traditional unilineal theories of development with their "hoary concepts and premises of immanence, continuity, directionality, necessity and uniformitarianism" 1 (to quote Nisbet's resounding denunciation of them) are now generally discredited, many people still go on using the words "development" and "modernization" as if some sort of unilineal-or perhaps converging, or at least unidirectional-trends in social change were observable. I do not think that is helpful. I prefer to talk about "economic growth" when I mean growth, to use the word "development" in a frankly subjective sense to mean a change in the structure of society for the better-by some explicit value-standard of what makes one state of society better than another, and to use "modernization" only as a noun formed from the transitive verb "to modernize," meaning the efforts of, usually political, leaders of a country that considers itself in some sense "backward" (behind in the imputed marathon race) to transform
Optimal beam-selection algorithm to improve reception performance of ATSC 8-VSB DTV

This paper proposes an optimal beam-selection DTV receiver which uses switched beam-selection techniques. Usually the ATSC DTV receiver uses equalizer for compensating channel distortion. But multipath signals and Doppler effect easily affected performance of the receiver in mobile and indoor environment. A proposed optimal beam-selection DTV receiver reduces multipath signals so a burden of equalizer is reduced, so channel compensation is easier than a conventional DTV receiver which uses only equalizer. Simulation results show that performance of the proposed system is better than a conventional DTV receiver
Crystalline silicon on insulators by graphoepitaxy

Graphoepitaxy is a new technique that uses artificial surface relief structures to induce crystallographic orientation in thin films. A simple model for graphoepitaxy is presented which predicts that materials that can be deposited on smooth amorphous substrates to produce a crystalline texture can be uniformly oriented by appropriate surface relief structures. Recently, graphoepitaxy has been used to achieve uniformly oriented silicon films 0.5 µm thick over surface relief gratings etched into amorphous fused silica substrates. The silicon was first deposited as an amorphous film and then crystallized using a scanned Ar laser beam. The mean [100] directions in the silicon were parallel to the grating and perpendicular to the substrate plane. Films uniformly doped with phosphorous (2.4 × 1017atoms/cm3) had an electron mobility at least 40% of the bulk value.
Late Eocene Multituberculates and Other Mammals from Wyoming

Isolated teeth of multituberculates have been found in association with late Eocene fossil mammals. Previous studies reported that multituberculates were not found in deposits younger than early Eocene age (Graybull provincial substage or equivalents). This newly found occurrence indicates that these animals are more likely to be late Eocene in age than reworked early Eocene materials
Are Reptiles Predisposed to Temperature- Dependent Sex Determination?

Vertebrates show an astonishing array of sex determining mechanisms, including male and female heterogamety, multiple sex chromosome systems, environmental sex determination, parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism. Sex determination in mammals and birds is extraordinarily conservative compared to that of reptiles, amphibians and fish. In this paper, we explore possible explanations for the diversity of sex determining modes in reptiles, and in particular, address the prevalence of reptilian temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and its almost haphazard distribution across the reptile phylogeny. We suggest that reptiles are predisposed to evolving TSD from genotypic sex determination (GSD) by virtue of the uniquely variable thermal environment experienced by their embryos during the critical period in which sex is determined. Explicit mechanisms for canalization of sexual phenotype in the face of high thermal variation during development provide a context for thermolability in sex determination at extremes and the raw material for natural selection to move this thermolability into the developmental mainstream when there is a selective advantage to do so. Release of cryptic variation when canalization is challenged and fails at extremes may accelerate evolutionary transitions between GSD and TSD.
Integration of robust voice recognition and navigation system on mobile robot

Robust voice recognition (RVR) is essential for a robot to communicate with people. One of the main problems with RVR for robots is that robots inevitably real environment noises. The noise is captured with strong power by the microphones, because the noise sources are closed to the microphones. The signal-to-noise ratio of input voice becomes quite low. However, it is possible to estimate the noise by using information on the robot's own motions and postures, because a type of motion/gesture produces almost the same pattern of noise every time it is performed. In this paper, we describe an RVR system which can robustly recognize voice by adults and children in noisy environments. We evaluate the RVR system in a communication robot placed in a real noisy environment. Voice is captured using a wireless microphone. To suppress interference and noise and to attenuate reverberation, we implemented a multi-channel system consisting of an outlier-robust generalized side-lobe canceller (RGSC) technique and a feature-space noise suppression using MMSE criteria. Voice activity periods are detected using GMM-based end-point detection (GMM-EPD). The final hypothesis is selected based on posterior probability. We then select the task in the motion task library. In the motion control, we also integrate the obstacle avoidance control using ultrasonic sensors. Those are powerful for detecting obstacle with simple calculated algorithm
Multi-objective optimization of orbit transfer trajectory using imperialist competitive algorithm

This paper proposes a systematic direct approach to carry out effective multi-objective optimization of space orbit transfer with high-level thrust acceleration. The objective is to provide a transfer trajectory with acceptable accuracy in all orbital parameters while minimizing spacecraft fuel consumption. With direct control parameterization, in which the steering angles of thrust vector are interpolated through a finite number of nodes, the optimal control problem is converted into the parameter optimization problem to be solved by nonlinear programming. Besides the thrust vector direction angles, the thrust magnitude is also considered as variable and unknown along with initial conditions. Since the deviation of thrust vector in spacecraft is limited in reality, mathematical modeling of thrust vector direction is carried out in order to satisfy constraints in maximum deviation of thrust vector direction angles. In this modeling, the polynomial function of each steering angle is defined by interpolation of a curve based on finite number of points in a specific range with a nominal center point with uniform distribution. This kind of definition involves additional parameters to the optimization problem which results the capability of search method in satisfying constraint on the variation of thrust direction angles. Thrust profile is also modeled based on polynomial functions of time with respect to solid and liquid propellant rockets. Imperialist competitive algorithm is used in order to find optimal coefficients of polynomial for thrust vector and the optimal initial states within the transfer. Results are mainly affected by the degree of polynomials involved in mathematical modeling of steering angles and thrust profile which results different optimal initial states where the transfer begins. It is shown that the proposed method is fairly beneficial in the viewpoint of optimality and convergence. The optimality of the technique is shown by comparing the finite thrust optimization with the impulsive analysis. Comparison shows that the accuracy is acceptable with respect to fair precision in orbital elements and minimum fuel mass. Also, the convergence of the optimization algorithm is investigated by comparing the solution of the problem with other optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithm. Results confirms the practicality of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm in finding optimum variation of thrust vector which results best transfer accuracy along with minimizing fuel consumption.
Comparative Effectiveness of Antiviral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND Multiple treatments are available for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. PURPOSE To compare benefits and harms of antiviral regimens for chronic HCV infection in treatment-naive adults. DATA SOURCES English-language literature from MEDLINE (1947 to August 2012), the Cochrane Library Database, Embase, Scopus, PsychINFO, and clinical trial registries. STUDY SELECTION Randomized trials of antiviral treatments and cohort studies examining associations between sustained virologic response (SVR) after therapy and clinical outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION Several investigators abstracted study details and quality by using predefined criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS No trial evaluated effectiveness of treatment on long-term clinical outcomes. Dual therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin was associated with a lower likelihood of SVR than was pegylated interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin (absolute difference, 8 percentage points [95% CI, 3 to 14 percentage points]) on the basis of 7 poor- to fair-quality trials. For genotype 2 or 3 infection, dual therapy for 12 to 16 weeks was associated with a lower likelihood of SVR than was therapy for 24 weeks, and lower doses of pegylated interferon alfa-2b were less effective than standard doses (2 to 4 fair-quality trials). For genotype 1 infection, fair-quality trials found that triple therapy with pegylated interferon, ribavirin, and either boceprevir (2 trials) or telaprevir (4 trials) was associated with a higher likelihood of SVR than was dual therapy (absolute difference, 22 to 31 percentage points). Compared with dual therapy, boceprevir triple therapy increased risk for hematologic adverse events and telaprevir triple therapy increased risk for anemia and rash. A large well-designed cohort study and 18 smaller cohort studies found that an SVR after antiviral therapy was associated with lower risk for all-cause mortality than was no SVR. LIMITATIONS Trials involved highly selected populations. Observational studies did not always adequately control for confounders. CONCLUSION SVR rates for genotype 1 infection are higher with triple therapy that includes a protease inhibitor than with standard dual therapy. An SVR after antiviral therapy appears associated with improved clinical outcomes. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
CD‐34 and Ki‐67 staining patterns of basaloid follicular hamartoma are different from those in fibroepithelioma of Pinkus and other variants of basal cell carcinoma

Background and aims: Basaloid follicular hamartoma is a rare disorder regarded as a developmental malformation. It may be solitary or generalized, linear or regionalized, and is sometimes associated with myasthenia gravis or alopecia. We compared immunohistochemical staining patterns of selected markers in order to differentiate this hamartoma from fibroepithelioma of Pinkus, a basal cell carcinoma variant it can be confused with.
Journey to the Patient-Centered Medical Home: A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of Practices in the National Demonstration Project

PURPOSE We describe the experience of practices in transitioning toward patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) in the National Demonstration Project (NDP). METHODS The NDP was launched in June 2006 as the first national test of a model of the PCMH in a diverse sample of 36 family practices, randomized to facilitated and self-directed intervention groups. An independent evaluation team used a multimethod evaluation strategy, analyzing data from direct observation, depth interviews, e-mail streams, medical records, and patient and practice surveys. The evaluation team reviewed data from all practices as they became available and produced interim summaries. Four 2- to 3-day evaluation team retreats were held during which case summaries of all practices were discussed and patterns were described. RESULTS The 6 themes that emerged from the data reflect major shifts in individual and practice roles and identities, as well as changes in practices’ management strategies. The themes are (1) practice adaptive reserve is critical to managing change, (2) developmental pathways to success vary considerably by practice, (3) motivation of key practice members is critical, (4) the larger system can help or hinder, (5) practice transformation is more than a series of changes and requires shifts in roles and mental models, and (6) practice change is enabled by the multiple roles that facilitators play. CONCLUSIONS Transformation to a PCMH requires more than a sequence of discrete changes. The practice transformation process may be fostered by promoting adaptive reserve and local control of the developmental pathway.
Diffusion equation and spin drag in spin-polarized transport

We study the role of electron-electron interactions for spin-polarized transport using the Boltzmann equation, and derive a set of coupled transport equations. For spin-polarized transport the electron-electron interactions are important, because they tend to equilibrate the momentum of the two-spin species. This "spin drag" effect enhances the resistivity of the system. The enhancement is stronger the lower the dimension is, and should be measurable in, for example, a two-dimensional electron gas with ferromagnetic contacts. We also include spin-flip scattering, which has two effects: it equilibrates the spin density imbalance and, provided it has a non-s-wave component, also a current imbalance.
Clinical outcomes of HIV‐exposed, HIV‐uninfected children in sub‐Saharan Africa

HIV‐exposed but HIV‐uninfected (HEU) children are widely considered at increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Recent advances in prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (PMTCT) strategies, incorporating life‐long universal maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART, “Option B+”) with extended breastfeeding, may improve HEU child health substantially. We critically reviewed reports of mortality/morbidity among HEU and HIV‐unexposed (HU) children in sub‐Saharan Africa.
FAIR PLAY, CHEATING AND GAMESMANSHIP IN YOUNG BASKETBALL TEAMS

The aim of this study was to analyse young basketball players’ attitudes towards fair play, winning, enjoyment, hard play and the acceptability of antisocial behaviour in the context of sports teams, such as cheating and gamesmanship. The sample included 230 adolescents (139 boys and 91 girls) with a mean age of 12.5 years (Range: 10-15 years; SD = 2.09 years). Results showed the importance of fun in sports, and the greater acceptance of gamesmanship and cheating among female players.
On Evaluation of Intellectual Property of Cultural and Creative Industry Based on Evolutionary Economics

On the basis of the relationship between cultural and creative industry and intellectual property protection, the theory of evolutionary economics, the essay analyses the formation and trading of intellectual property of cultural and creative industry,. Then, based on the above analysis, the essay discusses the relevant and affective factors in the evaluation of intellectual property of cultural and creative industry, which mainly are market factors and non-market factors. Market factors are the cost of searching information and continuous testing malocclusion, the benefits resulted from creative products and services that they are the carriers of intellectual property, the conduction path of creative industry to achieve their value. Non-market factors mainly refer to cultural factors embodied in the moral, the religion and the ideology etc, the legal system and policy factors, the technology fact