Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Temporal Trends in Aphid Vector Dispersal and Cucumber Mosaic Virus Epidemics in Snap Bean

ABSTRACT Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has become a major limiting factor in snap bean production in the Great Lakes region of North America, and epidemics have occurred more frequently since the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, was introduced. Major aphid vectors of CMV epidemics were identified by statistically relating their temporal dispersal trends to the incidence of CMV. Alates were monitored weekly using water pan traps in 74 snap bean fields in New York and Pennsylvania from 2002 to 2006. Plants were tested for CMV by ELISA one time during late bloom in 2002 and 2003 and weekly over the season from 2004 to 2006. Principal vectors of CMV included Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), A. glycines, Aphis gossypii Glover, and Therioaphis trifolii (Monell). Among these, A. glycines and T. trifolii were likely responsible for severe CMV epidemics because they were among the most abundant species captured, they efficiently transmit CMV, and their dispersal activity was positively correlated with periods when CMV incidence was highest. Moreover, because high numbers of A. glycines and T. trifolii disperse during July and August, snap bean fields planted beyond late June are at risk for infection during early vegetative stages and are subsequently more at risk for yield loss. In contrast, plantings up to late June are less likely to become infected during early developmental stages and should escape yield loss because major vectors are dispersing infrequently. CMV-resistant or tolerant snap bean varieties should be planted after late June to reduce the risk of yield loss.
THE CHANDRA COSMOS SURVEY. III. OPTICAL AND INFRARED IDENTIFICATION OF X-RAY POINT SOURCES

The Chandra COSMOS Survey (C-COSMOS) is a large, 1.8 Ms, Chandra program that has imaged the central 0.9 deg2 of the COSMOS field down to limiting depths of 1.9 × 10−16 erg cm−2 s−1 in the soft (0.5–2 keV) band, 7.3 × 10−16 erg cm−2 s−1 in the hard (2–10 keV) band, and 5.7 × 10−16 erg cm−2 s−1 in the full (0.5–10 keV) band. In this paper we report the i, K, and 3.6 μm identifications of the 1761 X-ray point sources. We use the likelihood ratio technique to derive the association of optical/infrared counterparts for 97% of the X-ray sources. For most of the remaining 3%, the presence of multiple counterparts or the faintness of the possible counterpart prevented a unique association. For only 10 X-ray sources we were not able to associate a counterpart, mostly due to the presence of a very bright field source close by. Only two sources are truly empty fields. The full catalog, including spectroscopic and photometric redshifts and classification described here in detail, is available online. Making use of the large number of X-ray sources, we update the “classic locus” of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) defined 20 years ago in soft X-ray surveys and define a new locus containing 90% of the AGNs in the survey with full-band luminosity >1042 erg s−1. We present the linear fit between the total i-band magnitude and the X-ray flux in the soft and hard bands, drawn over two orders of magnitude in X-ray flux, obtained using the combined C-COSMOS and XMM-COSMOS samples. We focus on the X-ray to optical flux ratio (X/O) and we test its known correlation with redshift and luminosity, and a recently introduced anti-correlation with the concentration index (C). We find a strong anti-correlation (though the dispersion is of the order of 0.5 dex) between X/O computed in the hard band and C and that 90% of the obscured AGNs in the sample with morphological information live in galaxies with regular morphology (bulgy and disky/spiral), suggesting that secular processes govern a significant fraction of the black hole growth at X-ray luminosities of 1043–1044.5 erg s−1. We also investigate the degree of obscuration of the sample using the hardness ratio, and we compare the X-ray color with the near-infrared to optical color.
Conflict driven scan chain configuration for high transition fault coverage and low test power

Two conflict-driven schemes and a new scan architecture based on them are presented to improve fault coverage of transition fault. They make full use of the advantages of broadside, skewed-load and enhanced scan testing, and eliminate the disadvantages of them, such as low coverage, fast global scan enable signal and hardware overhead. Test power is also a challenge for delay testing, so our method tries to reduce the test power at the same time. By the analysis of the functional dependency between test vectors in broadside testing and the shift dependency between vectors in the skewed-load testing, some scan cells are selected to operate in the enhanced scan and skewed-load scan mode, while others operate in traditional broadside mode. In the architecture, scan cells with common successors are divided into one chain. With the efficient conflict driven selection methods and partition of scan cells, fault coverage can be improved greatly and test power can be reduced, without sacrificing the test time and test data. Experimental results show that the fault coverage of the proposed method can reach the level of enhanced scan design.
When Ads Make Drama Seem Silly and Comedy Seem Dull: Role-Fulfillment Effects of Mood on Evaluations of Emotional Television Commercials

Previous consumer research has examined how moods induced by television programs influence viewers’ evaluations of commercials. We extend this research by drawing on psychological research on role-fulfillment evaluation processes to hypothesize that viewers like commercials more when they support, rather than break, the moods established by programs. We predict that viewers evaluate happy commercials more favorably than sad commercials following happy programs, and that they evaluate sad commercials more favorably than happy commercials following sad programs. We report the results of two studies that support our hypothesis and provide evidence in favor of the theorized role-fulfillment process.
Hand Contact between Remote Users through Virtual Avatars

We present an avatar animation technique for a telepresence system that allows for the hand contact, especially handshaking, between remote users. The key idea is that, while the avatar follows the remote user's motion normally, it modifies the motion to create and maintain hand contact with the local user when the two users try to engage hand contact. To this end, we develop the support vector machine (SVM)-based classifiers to recognize the users' intention for contact interaction, and online motion generation method to create realistic image sequence of an avatar to realize the continuous contact with the user. A user study has been conducted to verify the effect of our method on the social telepresence.
Increased intramuscular lipid synthesis and low saturation relate to insulin sensitivity in endurance-trained athletes.

Intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) has received considerable attention as a potential mechanism promoting insulin resistance. Endurance-trained athletes have high amounts of IMTG but are insulin sensitive, suggesting IMTG content alone does not change insulin action. Recent data suggest increased muscle lipid synthesis protects against fat-induced insulin resistance. We hypothesized that rates of IMTG synthesis at rest would be increased in athletes compared with controls. Eleven sedentary men and 11 endurance-trained male cyclists participated in this study. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed to assess insulin action. After 3 days of dietary control and an overnight fast, [13C16]palmitate was infused at 0.0174 micromol.kg(-1). min(-1) for 4 h, followed by a muscle biopsy to measure isotope incorporation into IMTG and diacylglycerol. Compared with controls, athletes were twice as insulin sensitive (P=0.004) and had a significantly greater resting IMTG concentration (athletes: 20.4+/-1.6 microg IMTG/mg dry wt, controls: 14.5+/-1.8 microg IMTG/mg dry wt, P=0.04) and IMTG fractional synthesis rate (athletes: 1.56+/-0.37%/h, controls: 0.61+/-0.15%/h, P=0.03). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNA expression (P=0.02) and protein content (P=0.03) were also significantly greater in athletes. Diacylglycerol, but not IMTG, saturation was significantly less in athletes compared with controls (P=0.002). These data indicate endurance-trained athletes have increased synthesis rates of skeletal muscle IMTG and decreased saturation of skeletal muscle diacylglycerol. Increased synthesis rates are not due to recovery from exercise and are likely adaptations to chronic endurance exercise training.
An upper bound on multi-hop multi-channel wireless network performance

Given a placement of wireless multi-radio nodes in space and a traffic demand between pairs of nodes, can these traffic demands be supported by the resulting network? The key issue in this setting is the wireless interference between neighbouring nodes using the same channel, including self-interference along multi-hop paths. We extend previous work addressing this problem taking into consideration the availability of multiple channels. As such, this paper presents a generic model for sustainable network load in a multi-hop multichannel setting and recasts this model in a multicommodity flow problem with interference constraints. A theorem is stated which gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the feasibility of this multicommodity flow problem. From this theorem an upper bound is derived for the throughput that can be achieved by the network, which is illustrated by examples. We indicate how the results can be used as a basis for a channel allocating algorithm.
Ab initio spectroscopy of D2H+ near dissociation

Extensive calculations for the vibrational band origins of D2H+ up to dissociation are presented. Due to the high density of vibrational states near dissociation, huge basis sets needed to be used as well as massively parallel computers. We have found 1209 A1 and 1078 B1 bound states, some of which display long-range features, which are analysed in detail. The calculations were performed within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation and non-adiabatic corrections to it are evaluated. However, the main source of error for the states near dissociation arises from the Potential Energy Surface at high energies.
On spatio-temporal constraints and inheritance in role-based access control

Pervasive computing environments have created a requirement for spatial- and temporal-aware access control systems. Although temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal role-based access control (RBAC) models have been developed, a family of simple, expressive and flexible models that convincingly addresses the interaction between spatio-temporal constraints and inheritance in RBAC does not yet exist. In this paper, we define three spatio-temporal models based on RBAC96 the de facto standard for RBAC, and extend these models to include activation and usage hierarchies. These models provide different authorization semantics, varying in the extent to which RBAC entities and relations are constrained by spatio-temporal restrictions. We introduce the notion of trusted entities, which are used to selectively override certain spatio-temporal restrictions. We also demonstrate that our spatio-temporal models are consistent and compatible with RBAC96 and the ANSI-RBAC standard, in contrast to existing models. Finally, we propose four approaches to encoding spatio-temporal requirements in practical applications that permit access requests to be answered efficiently.
Evaluation of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (SXT), Minocycline, Tigecycline, Moxifloxacin, and Ceftazidime Alone and in Combinations for SXT-Susceptible and SXT-Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by In Vitro Time-Kill Experiments

Background The optimal therapy for infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) has not yet been established. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), minocycline, tigecycline, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, polymyxin E, chloramphenicol, and ceftazidime against clinical isolated S. maltophilia strains by susceptibility testing and carried out time-kill experiments in potential antimicrobials. Methods The agar dilution method was used to test susceptibility of nine candidate antimicrobials, and time-killing experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of SXT, minocycline, tigecycline, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ceftazidime both alone and in combinations at clinically relevant antimicrobial concentrations. Results The susceptibility to SXT, minocycline, tigecycline, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, polymyxin E, and ceftazidime were 93.8%, 95.0%, 83.8%, 80.0%, 76.3%, 76.3%, 37.5%, 22.5%, and 20.0% against 80 clinical consecutively isolated strains, respectively. Minocycline and tigecycline showed consistent active against 22 SXT-resistant strains. However, resistance rates were high in the remaining antimicrobial agents against SXT-resistant strains. In time-kill experiments, there were no synergisms in most drug combinations in time-kill experiments. SXT plus moxifloxacin displayed synergism when strains with low moxifloxacin MICs. Moxifloxacin plus Minocycline and moxifloxacin plus tigecycline displayed synergism in few strains. No antagonisms were found in these combinations. Overall, compared with single drug, the drug combinations demonstrated lower bacterial concentrations. Some combinations showed bactericidal activity. Conclusions In S. maltophilia infections, susceptibility testing suggests that minocycline and SXT may be considered first-line therapeutic choices while tigecycline, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ticarcillin-clavulanate may serve as second-line choices. Ceftazidime, colistin, and chloramphenicol show poor active against S. maltophilia. However, monotherapy is inadequate in infection management, especially in case of immunocompromised patients. Combination therapy, especially SXT plus moxifloxacin, may benefit than monotherapy in inhibiting or killing S. maltophilia.
Lifespan of neurons is uncoupled from organismal lifespan

Neurons in mammals do not undergo replicative aging, and, in absence of pathologic conditions, their lifespan is limited only by the maximum lifespan of the organism. Whether neuronal lifespan is determined by the strain-specific lifetime or can be extended beyond this limit is unknown. Here, we transplanted embryonic mouse cerebellar precursors into the developing brain of the longer-living Wistar rats. The donor cells integrated into the rat cerebellum developing into mature neurons while retaining mouse-specific morphometric traits. In their new environment, the grafted mouse neurons did not die at or before the maximum lifespan of their strain of origin but survived as long as 36 mo, doubling the average lifespan of the donor mice. Thus, the lifespan of neurons is not limited by the maximum lifespan of the donor organism, but continues when transplanted in a longer-living host.
Annual Progress Review 2004 Domain Decomposition Methods for Finite-element Electromagnetic Modeling of Planar Chapter 3. Publications List and Seminar Series....................................48 Chapter 1 General Introduction 1. Director's Foreword Accenture Engineering Council Award for Excellenc

In 2004, we did research in various areas in electromagnetics and optoelectronics. In antenna research, progress was made in reconfigurable antennas, antenna arrays, and antennas for wireless and various sensing applications. In computational electromagnetics, advances were made in scattering from periodic structures, and multi-scale calculations in both time and frequency domains, as well as low-frequency scattering problems. In circuits, continued progress was made in model order reduction techniques as well as modeling of complex circuit structures. In optoelectronics, much interest has been invested in measuring group delay and the understanding of slow light. The undergraduate courses provide a balanced education for undergraduates. The graduate courses are related to the research topics of the professors. Students are often required to do a term project to gain first-hand experience in the field. The Center for Computational Electromagnetics and Electromagnetics Laboratory is endowed with the following computational resources: • 1 mini-supercomputer, 16-node Intel cluster with 2 GHz processors, 8 GBytes of memory, 640 GBytes of storage. • 1 mini-supercomputer cluster with 32 nodes Intel Pentium III processors 850 MHz, 100 Mbps Ethernet (donated by Intel). and Q bands for microwave and millimeter-wave measurements. A small portable anechoic chamber for 26-40 GHz uses this network analyzer for high frequency antenna measurements. Through the support of the DURIP program, the Laboratory has now assembled a state-of-the-art phased array Bit Error Rate (BER) testing system. The system can be configured for either traditional coherent continuous wave antenna testing or for bit error rate testing. The BER testing system can implement a variety of standard or user-defined modulations, noise impairments, and propagation models with the help of specialized software from Agilent. This unique facility will enable us to apply new findings to optimize system behavior and to create entirely new avenues of research into the relationships between antenna and array characteristics, signal processing, and achievable system performance. A HP 8510C (0.5-18GHz) is also used for circuit and automated antenna characterization with the Laboratory's large anechoic chamber. For time-domain measurements, the lab is equipped with a High-Bandwidth Digitizing Scope 50 GHz HP 54750A 2-Channel 18 GHz Differential Time-Domain Reflectometer HP 54754A. In addition, there are an HP 54120B digitizing oscilloscope, an HP8593E spectrum analyzer, a high-speed Tektronix time-domain reflectometer and digitizing scope, and several high-speed pulse generators for time-domain high-speed digital circuits simulation and broadband radar measurement systems. A T-Tech quick circuit fabrication system enables rapid prototype circuit …
Plaque Rupture Complications in Murine Atherosclerotic Vein Grafts Can Be Prevented by TIMP-1 Overexpression

The current study describes the incidence and phenotype of plaque rupture complications in murine vein grafts. Since matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are highly involved in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and plaque rupture, we hypothesized that this model can be validated by overexpression of the MMP inhibitor TIMP-1. First we studied 47 vein grafts in hypercholesterolemic ApoE3*Leiden mice for the incidence of plaque complications. In 79% of these grafts, extensive lesions with plaque rupture complications like dissections, intraplaque hemorrhages or erosions with intramural thrombi were found. Next, in vivo Near-InfraRed-Fluorescence imaging demonstrated that electroporation mediated TIMP-1-overexpression reduced local MMP activity in vein grafts by 73% (p<0.01). This led to a 40% reduction in lesion-size after 28d (p = 0.01) and a more stable lesion phenotype with significant more smooth muscle cells (135%), collagen (47%) and significant less macrophages (44%) and fibrin (55%) than controls. More importantly, lesions in the TIMP-1 group showed a 90% reduction of plaque complications (10/18 of control mice showed plaque complications versus 1/18 in TIMP-1 treated mice). Murine vein grafts are a relevant spontaneous model to study plaque stability and subsequent hemorrhagic complications, resulting in plaque instability. Moreover, inhibition of MMPs by TIMP-1-overexpression resulted in decreased plaque progression, increased stabilization and decreased plaque rupture complications in murine vein grafts.
A novel rate estimation model for mode decision of H.264/AVC

To acquire the optimal coding mode of each macroblock, the H.264/AVC encoder exhaustively calculates the ratedistortion cost for all available modes and chooses the minimum one as the best mode. Therefore, the mode decision process is very computationally demanding. To reduce the computation complexity of the rate-distortion cost, in this paper, we propose a novel rate estimation model for the mode decision in H.264/AVC. By modeling the transform coefficients with Generalized Gaussian distributions (GGD), a direct relationship between the magnitude and the information bits of the quantized transform coefficients is deduced. Based on this deduction, the weighted sum of quantized transform coefficients is proposed as an efficient bit-rate estimator of the residual blocks. Extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm can save up to 30% of total encoding time with ignorable degradation in coding performance for both inter- and intra-mode decision.
Thermal-Aware Task Scheduling for 3D Multicore Processors

A rising horizon in chip fabrication is the 3D integration technology. It stacks two or more dies vertically with a dense, high-speed interface to increase the device density and reduce the delay of interconnects significantly across the dies. However, a major challenge in 3D technology is the increased power density, which gives rise to the concern of heat dissipation within the processor. High temperatures trigger voltage and frequency throttlings in hardware, which degrade the chip performance. Moreover, high temperatures impair the processor's reliability and reduce its lifetime. To alleviate this problem, we propose in this paper an OS-level scheduling algorithm that performs thermal-aware task scheduling on a 3D chip. Our algorithm leverages the inherent thermal variations within and across different tasks, and schedules them to keep the chip temperature low. We observed that vertically adjacent dies have strong thermal correlations and the scheduler should consider them jointly. Compared with other intuitive algorithms such as a Random and a Round-Robin algorithm, our proposed algorithm brings lower peak temperature and average temperature on-chip. Moreover, it can remove, on average, 46 percent of thermal emergency time and result in 5.11 percent (4.78 percent) performance improvement over the base case on thermally homogeneous (heterogeneous) floorplans.