Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Highly Conserved and Highly Differentiated Gene Ontology Categories in Human Populations

Detecting and interpreting certain system-level characteristics associated with human population genetic differences is a challenge for human geneticists. In this study, we conducted a population genetic study using the HapMap genotype data to identify certain special Gene Ontology (GO) categories associated with high/low genetic difference among 11 Hapmap populations. Initially, the genetic differences in each gene region among these populations were measured using allele frequency, linkage disequilibrium (LD) pattern, and transferability of tagSNPs. The associations between each GO term and these genetic differences were then identified. The results showed that cellular process, catalytic activity, binding, and some of their sub-terms were associated with high levels of genetic difference, and genes involved in these functional categories displayed, on average, high genetic diversity among different populations. By contrast, multicellular organismal processes, molecular transducer activity, and some of their sub-terms were associated with low levels of genetic difference. In particular, the neurological system process under the multicellular organismal process category had low levels of genetic difference; the neurological function also showed high evolutionary conservation between species in some previous studies. These results may provide a new insight into the understanding of human evolutionary history at the system-level.
The Deep Lens Survey Transient Search. I. Short Timescale and Astrometric Variability

We report on the methodology and first results from the Deep Lens Survey (DLS) transient search. We utilize image subtraction on survey data to yield all sources of optical variability down to 24th magnitude. Images are analyzed immediately after acquisition, at the telescope, and in near-real time, to allow for follow-up in the case of time-critical events. All classes of transients are posted to the World Wide Web upon detection. Our observing strategy allows sensitivity to variability over several decades in timescale. The DLS is the first survey to classify and report all types of photometric and astrometric variability detected, including solar system objects, variable stars, supernovae, and short timescale phenomena. Three unusual optical transient (OT) events were detected, flaring on 1000 s timescales. All three events were seen in the B passband, suggesting blue color indices for the phenomena. One event (OT 20020115) is determined to be from a flaring Galactic dwarf star of spectral type dM4. From the remaining two events, we find an overall rate of η = 1.4 events deg-2 day-1 on 1000 s timescales, with a 95% confidence limit of η < 4.3. One of these events (OT 20010326) originated from a compact precursor in the field of galaxy cluster A1836, and its nature is uncertain. For the second (OT 20030305) we find strong evidence for an extended extragalactic host. A dearth of such events in the R passband yields an upper 95% confidence limit on short-timescale astronomical variability in the range 19.5 < ℳR < 23.4 of ηR < 5.2 events deg-2 day-1. We report also on our ensemble of astrometrically variable objects, as well as an example of photometric variability with an undetected precursor.
Employees with Autism Spectrum Disorder Achieving Long-Term Employment Success: A Retrospective Review of Employment Retention and Intervention

Policymakers, researchers, and state vocational rehabilitation administrators share an interest in the long-term outcomes of individuals participating in the public state vocational rehabilitation program. Yet, there is limited research in the area of job retention or the service delivery practices used to support individuals with disabilities to achieve long-term success in competitive integrated employment (CIE). This article begins to address this research gap by conducting a retrospective review of 139 records of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that were referred to an employment support organization for CIE between October 1, 2009 and December 31, 2017. In comparison to the high national unemployment rate experienced by individuals with ASD, 104 individuals that were referred for CIE secured employment in 126 different jobs. Findings indicate that most study participants were able to move from moderate and intensive levels of support to minimal levels of support by 18 months of employment. It appears that employees with ASD benefit from the continual assessment and subsequent support that occurs during the extended service component of ongoing support services for supported and customized employment. Services that were offered during this phase included ongoing customization of the initial job, lateral job moves, and career advancement.
Using Organisational Memory in Enterprise Architecture Refinement Process

Knowledge is one the most important and valuable assets of an enterprise, influencing its competitiveness, therefore there is a great interest in knowledge management activities. Organisational memory systems have been introduced as a solution, which extend and amplify organisational knowledge by capturing, organizing, disseminating and reusing the knowledge created by employees. In other words, they bring knowledge from the past to present activities and help to organisational learning process. In this paper, we are going to present another usage for organisational memories and suggest two solutions for using them in enterprise architecture refinement process.
Extensible Pattern Recognition in DSP Programs using Cetus

—We describe a tool for pattern (idiom) recognition in DSP (digital signal processing) source programs. We focus on patterns for loops and the statements in their bodies as these often are the performance-critical constructs in DSP applications for which replacement by highly optimized, target-speciﬁc parallel algorithms will be most proﬁtable. For better structuring and efﬁciency of pattern recognition, we classify patterns by different levels of complexity such that patterns in higher levels are deﬁned in terms of lower level patterns. Our tool utilizes functionality provided by the Cetus compiler infrastructure for static pattern recognition. It works on the Cetus intermediate representation (IR) and applies bottom-up pattern matching. For better extensibility and abstraction, most of the structural part of recognition rules is speciﬁed in XML form. This separates the tool implementation from the pattern speciﬁcations.
Eager Beaver A General Game Player

General game playing is the research field of being able to play multiple different kinds of games with one AI. We present Eager Beaver, a general game player based on Propositional Networks with dynamic code generation and an enhanced Upper Confidence Bounds applied to Trees (UCT) algorithm as an approach to solve this problem. We ran an evaluation study against Centurio [7], another UCT player and show the results of various UCT extensions used during this competition.
Sensitivity of backup capacity requirements to traffic distribution and resilience constraints

In this work, we present several end-to-end protection switching mechanisms for application in multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). In case of local outages in the network, they deviate the traffic around the failed element over backup paths. They are easy to implement and reduce the additional capacity to maintain the quality of service (QoS) on the backup paths. We study the capacity savings of the presented methods for various protection schemes with different traffic matrices. We further test the influence of different resilience constraints such as the set of protected failure scenarios, bandwidth reuse restrictions due to optical communication, and traffic reduction due to failed border routers.
Programming distributed and adaptable autonomous components—the GCM/ProActive framework

Component‐oriented software has become a useful tool to build larger and more complex systems by describing the application in terms of encapsulated, loosely coupled entities called components. At the same time, asynchronous programming patterns allow for the development of efficient distributed applications. While several component models and frameworks have been proposed, most of them tightly integrate the component model with the middleware they run upon. This intertwining is generally implicit and not discussed, leading to entangled, hard to maintain code. This article describes our efforts in the development of the GCM/ProActive framework for providing distributed and adaptable autonomous components. GCM/ProActive integrates a component model designed for execution on large‐scale environments, with a programming model based on active objects allowing a high degree of distribution and concurrency. This new integrated model provides a more powerful development, composition, and execution environment than other distributed component frameworks. We illustrate that GCM/ProActive is particularly adapted to the programming of autonomic component systems, and to the integration into a service‐oriented environment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
World Kidney Day 2016: Awareness for Saving Kidneys

1Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran 2Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran 3Nickan Research Institute, Isfahan, IR Iran 4Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran *Corresponding Author: Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei, Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3813346692, Fax: +98-3813330709, E-mail: rafieian@yahoo.com
Effects of S/D Doping Concentrations on Vertical Strained-SiGe Impact Ionization MOSFET Incorporating Dielectric Pocket (VESIMOS-DP)

The Vertical Strained Silicon Germanium (SiGe) Impact Ionization MOSFET with Dielectric Pocket (VESIMOS-DP) has been successfully developed and analyzed in this paper. The effect of Source and Drain (S/D) doping concentration to the VESIMOS-DP on the performance of the device in terms of sub threshold swing, threshold voltage and drain current has been observed in this paper. There are significant drop (from S=30mv/dec to S=19mv/dec) in sub threshold slope while threshold voltage is increase as the S/D concentration increases is observed in this paper. It is notable that for S/D doping concentration above 1019 atoms/cm3, there are significant increase in S values which is not recommended as the switching speed getting higher distracting performance of the device. However, too low doping concentration is not essential as it didn't show any significance improvement on the performance of the device. Thus, optimum S/D doping concentration is imperative to obtain superb device characteristic Due to the DP layer, a stable VTH =1.35V obtained due to the vicinity of DP layer near the drain end has reduce charge sharing between the source and drain. The slight different and consistency of VESIMOS-DP sub threshold value (S = 19 mV/dec) has given advantages for incorporating DP layer near the drain end.
Socle theory for Leavitt path algebras of arbitrary graphs

The main aim of the paper is to give a socle theory for Leavitt path algebras of arbitrary graphs. We use both the desingularization process and combinatorial methods to study Morita invariant properties concerning the socle and to characterize it, respectively. Leavitt path algebras with nonzero socle are described as those which have line points, and it is shown that the line points generate the socle of a Leavit t path algebra, extending so the results for row-finite graphs in the previous paper (12) ( but with different methods). A concrete description of the socle of a Leavitt path algebra i s obtained: it is a direct sum of matrix rings (of finite or infinite size) over the base field. New proofs of the Graded Uniqueness and of the Cuntz-Krieger Uniqueness Theorems are given, shorthening significantly the original ones.
Origin of Dwarf Irregular Galaxies with Outer Early-Type Structures

Recent observations have reported that some gas-rich dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies appear to have spherical distributions in the outer underlying old and intermediate-age stellar populations (e.g., NGC 6822). These observations imply that some dIrr’s have two distinct (or “two-component”) structures, i.e., inner disky and outer spherical ones, although the number fraction of dIrr’s with such structures remains observationally unclear. We discuss how such two distinct structures are formed during dIrr formation on the basis of observations and simulations. Our numerical simulations show that the remnants of mergers between two gas-rich dIrr’s with initially extended gas disks can have both extended spheroids composed of older stellar populations and disks composed mostly of gas and young stars. The simulated remnants with two distinct structures can be still identified as dIrr’s owing to the presence of star-forming regions. The structural properties of outer spherical structures in dIrr’s formed from dIrr-dIrr merging depend on initial conditions of merging, which suggests that outer structures in dIrr’s can be diverse. We also discuss other possible physical mechanisms for the formation of outer spherical structures composed of older stars in dIrr’s.
Student-Related Variables as Predictors of Academic Achievement among Some Undergraduate Psychology Students in Barbados.

This study examined some student-related variables (interest in higher education, psychological resilience and study habit) as predictors of academic achievement among 131 (M (mean) = 28.17, SD (standard deviation) = 1.61) first year psychology students in the Introduction to Developmental Psychology class in UWI (The University of the West Indies), Cave Hill Campus, Barbados. They responded to four instruments: PAT (Psychology Achievement Test), IHES (Interest in Higher Education Scale), PRS (Psychological Resilience Scale) and SHS (Study Habit Scale). Descriptive Statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regressions were conducted. Findings revealed significant positive correlations between the student-related variables and academic achievement. The student-related variables also jointly contributed 46% of the variance being accounted for in academic achievement (R-square = 0.464, which is the square of the measure of correlation and an indication that the model is fit for future prediction of academic achievement among university students) and this was found to be significant. Additionally, it was found that interest in higher education was the best predictor of academic achievement and that psychological resilience and study habit were other significant predictors. These results were discussed in the light of improving these student-related variables for effective teaching of psychology and good academic performance.
A Short Executive Function Training Program Improves Preschoolers’ Working Memory

Cognitive training has been shown to improve executive functions (EFs) in middle childhood and adulthood. However, fewer studies have targeted the preschool years—a time when EFs undergo rapid development. The present study tested the effects of a short four session EF training program in 54 four-year-olds. The training group significantly improved their working memory from pre-training relative to an active control group. Notably, this effect extended to a task sharing few surface features with the trained tasks, and continued to be apparent 3 months later. In addition, the benefits of training extended to a measure of mathematical reasoning 3 months later, indicating that training EFs during the preschool years has the potential to convey benefits that are both long-lasting and wide-ranging.
The personal lift-assist device and lifting technique: a principal component analysis

The personal lift-assist device (PLAD) is a non-motorised, on-body device that acts as an external force generator using the concept of stored elastic energy. In this study, the effect of the PLAD on the lifting kinematics of male and female lifters was investigated using principal component analysis. Joint kinematic data of 15 males and 15 females were collected using an opto-electronic system during a freestyle, symmetrical-lifting protocol with and without wearing the PLAD. Of the 31 Principal Components (PCs) retained in the models, eight scores were significantly different between the PLAD and no-PLAD conditions. There were no main effects for gender and no significant interactions. Results indicated that the PLAD similarly affected the lifting kinematics of males and females; demonstrating significantly less lumbar and thoracic flexion and significantly greater hip and ankle flexion when wearing the PLAD. These findings add to the body of work that suggest the PLAD may be a safe and effective ergonomic aid. Statement of Relevance: The PLAD is an ergonomic aid that has been shown to be effective at reducing low back demands during manual materials handling tasks. This body of work establishes that the PLAD encourages safe lifting practices without adversely affecting lifting technique.
Un modèle logique de théorie de l'esprit pour un agent virtuel dans le contexte de simulation d'entretien d'embauche

In job interview simulation, the virtual interviewer must be capable of representing and reasoning about the user's mental state based on social cues that inform the system about his/her affects and social attitude. In this paper, we propose a formal model of Theory of Mind (ToM) for virtual agent in the context of human-agent interaction that focuses on the affective dimension. It relies on a hybrid ToM that combines the two major paradigms of the domain. Our framework is based on modal logic and inference rules about the mental states, emotions and social relations of both actors. Finally, we present preliminary results regarding the impact of such a model on natural interaction in the context of job interviews simulation.
Markets and States in Tropical Africa. The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies

Preface Acknowledgments Introduction PART ONE: GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN MAJOR MARKETS 1. Policies Toward Cash Crops for Export 2. The Food Sector: The Political Dynamics of Pricing Policies 3. The Food Sector: The Use of Nonprice Strategies 4. The Emerging Industrial Sector PART TWO: INTERPRETATION 5. The Market as Political Arena and the Limits of Voluntarism 6. Rental Havens and Protective Shelters: Organizing Support Among the Urban Beneficiaries 7. The Origins of Political Marginalism: Evoking Compliance from the Countryside Commonalities and Variations: The Politics of Agricultural Policy Appendix A: Interrelations Between Food Supply, Demand and Prices Appendix B: Value Received by Farmers for Export Crops Bibliography Index
The Effects of Sustained Cognitive Task Performance on Subsequent Resting State Functional Connectivity in Healthy Young and Middle-Aged Male Schoolteachers

Previous studies showed that functional connectivity (FC) within resting state (RS) networks is modulated by previous experience. In this study the effects of sustained cognitive performance on subsequent RS FC were investigated in healthy young (25-30 years; n=15) and middle-aged (50-60 years; n=14) male schoolteachers. Participants were scanned (functional magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) after a cognitively demanding and a control intervention (randomized tester-blind within-subject design). Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to decompose the data into spatially independent networks. This study focused on the executive control (ExN), the left and right frontoparietal (FPN), and the default mode network (DMN). The effects of cognitive performance and age were calculated with a full-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). A main effect of age was found in the left inferior frontal gyrus for the ExN and in the middle frontal gyrus for the DMN with middle-aged teachers having reduced RS FC. Sustained cognitive performance increased subsequent RS FC between the ExN and a lingual/parahippocampal cluster, and between the left FPN and a right calcarine/precuneus cluster. In these clusters, FC strength correlated positively with the perceived amount of effort during the intervention. Further, sustained cognitive performance affected subsequent RS FC between the ExN and the right temporal superior gyrus differently in young and middle-aged men. The results suggest that effects of age on RS FC are already present at middle age. Sustained cognitive performance increased RS FC between task-positive networks and other brain regions, although a change in RS FC within the networks was not found.
Questions, relevance and relative entropy

What is a question? According to Cox a question can be identified with the set of assertions that constitute possible answers. In this paper we propose a different approach that combines the notion that questions are requests for information with the notion that probability distributions represent uncertainties resulting from lack of information. This suggests that to each probability distribution one can naturally associate that particular question which requests the information that is missing and vice-versa. We propose to represent questions q by probability distributions Next we consider how questions relate to each other: to what extent is finding the answer to one question relevant to answering another? A natural measure of relevance is derived by requiring that it satisfy three desirable features (three axioms). We find that the relevance of a question q to another question Q turns out to be the relative entropy S[q,Q] of the corresponding distributions. An application to statistical physics is briefly considered.
Computer Generated Islamic Star Patterns

Islamic star patterns are a beautiful and highly geometric art form. Many analyses have been done of their complex structure and symmetries. We pick up one line of analysis based on placing stars and rosettes in a formation dictated by a tiling of the plane, and develop a software implementation of the technique. We discuss the construction of the designs and show some computer-generated results.
All-Pole Spectral Envelope Modelling with Order Selection for Harmonic Signals

We present a study into all-pole spectral envelope estimation for the case of harmonic signals. We address the problem of the selection of the model order and propose to make use of the fact that the spectral envelope is sampled by means of the harmonic structure to derive a reasonable choice for an appropriate model order. The experimental investigation uses synthetic ARMA featured signals with varying fundamental frequency and differing model structure to evaluate the performance of the selected all-pole models. The experimental results confirm the relation between optimal model order and the fundamental frequency.
Nascent RNA folding mitigates transcription-associated mutagenesis

Transcription is mutagenic, in part because the R-loop formed by the binding of the nascent RNA with its DNA template exposes the nontemplate DNA strand to mutagens and primes unscheduled error-prone DNA synthesis. We hypothesize that strong folding of nascent RNA weakens R-loops and hence decreases mutagenesis. By a yeast forward mutation assay, we show that strengthening RNA folding and reducing R-loop formation by synonymous changes in a reporter gene can lower mutation rate by >80%. This effect is diminished after the overexpression of the gene encoding RNase H1 that degrades the RNA in a DNA–RNA hybrid, indicating that the effect is R-loop-dependent. Analysis of genomic data of yeast mutation accumulation lines and human neutral polymorphisms confirms the generality of these findings. This mechanism for local protection of genome integrity is of special importance to highly expressed genes because of their frequent transcription and strong RNA folding, the latter also improves translational fidelity. As a result, strengthening RNA folding simultaneously curtails genotypic and phenotypic mutations.