Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timber management guide for shortleaf pine and oak-pine types in Missouri.

Summarizes recommended management practices for the shortleaf pine and oak-pine types in Missouri. Describes sites and soils, and silvical characteristics of pine; discusses rotations, cutting cycles, stocking levels, growing space requirements, and regeneration techniques; and prescribes treatments for stands with specified characteristics to maximize returns from pine management.
Advances in surgery for peritoneal surface malignancies

Abstract Currently, patients with isolated peritoneal surface malignancies are treated with a combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This combination should now be considered the standard of care for appendiceal cancers (including pseudomyxoma), colorectal cancer and peritoneal mesothelioma, while patients with peritoneal metastases from ovarian or gastric cancer may be treated within clinical trials. At present, 8 clinical centres in Poland perform CRS and HIPEC. The unanswered problems of combined intraperitoneal therapy were an impulse for the organization of the 4th International Conference “Advances in Surgical Oncology” that was held on November 23-24, 2017, in Lublin (Poland), and the Polish chapter of the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) was established as a result of this meeting. This special issue of the Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences is dedicated to the current therapeutic difficulties discussed during the two days of the conference – experiences that were exchanged to set in motion further directions for the improvement of intraperitoneal treatment.
Soils and environmental quality

From the Contents: Introduction to Environmental Quality. - Introduction. - Environmentalism. - Studying the Environment: The Scientific Method. - Environmental Science and the General Public. - Defining Pollution and Contamination. - Classifying Pollutants. - Soil Quality. - Human Exposure to Soil Pollutants. - Major Environmental Issues in Soil Science. - Summary. - Problems. - Our Environment: Atmosphere, Hydrosphere. - Introduction. - The Atmosphere. - The Hydrosphere. - Water Analysis. - Problems. - Our Environment: Soils. - The Soil Environment. - Soil Physical Properties. - The Biosphere. - Soil Development. - Environmental Testing Practices for Soils. - Problems. - Soil Nitrogen and Environmental Quality. - Nitrogen and the Environment. - The Soil Nitrogen Cycle. - Sources of Nitrogen. - Principles of Efficient Nitrogen Management. - Problems.
Evolution and chemical consequences of lightning-produced NOxobserved in the north atlantic upper troposphere

Airborne observations of NO during the Subsonics Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides Experiment (SONEX) reveal episodes of high NOx in the upper troposphere believed to be associated with lightning. Linkage to specific periods of lightning activity is possible through back trajectories and data from the National Lightning Detection Network. Lagrangian model calculations are used to explore the evolution of these high NOx plumes over the 1–2 days between their introduction and subsequent sampling by NASA's DC-8 aircraft. Simulations include expected changes in HNO3, H2O2, CH3OOH, HO2, and OH. Depending on the time of injection and dilution rate, initial NOx concentrations are estimated to range from 1 to 7 ppbv. Similar to many previous studies, simulated HNO3 concentrations tend to be greater than observations. Several possible explanations for this difference are explored. H2O2 observations are shown to be consistent with removal in convective activity. While it is possible that upper tropospheric CH3OOH is enhanced by convection, simulations show such increases in CH3OOH can be short-lived (e.g., <12 hours) with no perceptible trace remaining at the time of sampling. High NO levels further prevent elevated levels of CH3OOH from propagating into increases in H2O2. HO2 is suppressed through reaction with NO in all cases. Simulated increases in OH exceeded a factor of 2 for some cases, but for the highest NOx levels, loss of OH via OH+NO2 offset production from HO2+NO. Additional increases in OH of 30–60% could result from convection of CH3OOH. A final point of discussion concerns how the chemistry within these plumes, their long-range transport, and their potential importance in sustaining background NOx far from source regions present a challenge to global and regional model simulations.
Petrography of Apollo 17 Soils

An analysis of soils collected on the valley floor at Taurus-Littrow (dark mantle) reveals that these soils are formed by comminution of mare basalt flows and a clastic deposit consisting of black and orange glass spheres. There is no evidence for the pyroclastic origin of the dark mantle. It is found that the North Massif soils contain a large amount of mare-derived fragments being transported horizontally from the basaltic valley floor. A light mantle deposit of uniform composition including comminuted noritic and anorthositic breccia is observed. It is suggested that the light mantle is an avalanche deposit from regolith developed high on the South Massif.
ARM MJO Investigation Experiment on Gan Island (AMIE-Gan) Science Plan

The overarching campaign, which includes the ARM Mobile Facility 2 (AMF2) deployment in conjunction with the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) and the Cooperative Indian Ocean experiment on intraseasonal variability in the Year 2011 (CINDY2011) campaigns, is designed to test several current hypotheses regarding the mechanisms responsible for Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) initiation and propagation in the Indian Ocean area. The synergy between the proposed AMF2 deployment with DYNAMO/CINDY2011, and the corresponding funded experiment on Manus, combine for an overarching ARM MJO Investigation Experiment (AMIE) with two components: AMF2 on Gan Island in the Indian Ocean (AMIE-Gan), where the MJO initiates and starts its eastward propagation; and the ARM Manus site (AMIE-Manus), which is in the general area where the MJO usually starts to weaken in climate models. AMIE-Gan will provide measurements of particular interest to Atmospheric System Research (ASR) researchers relevant to improving the representation of MJO initiation in climate models. The framework of DYNAMO/CINDY2011 includes two proposed island-based sites and two ship-based locations forming a square pattern with sonde profiles and scanning precipitation and cloud radars at both island and ship sites. These data will be used to produce a Variational Analysis data set coinciding with the onemore » produced for AMIE-Manus. The synergy between AMIE-Manus and AMIE-Gan will allow studies of the initiation, propagation, and evolution of the convective cloud population within the framework of the MJO. As with AMIE-Manus, AMIE-Gan/DYNAMO also includes a significant modeling component geared toward improving the representation of MJO initiation and propagation in climate and forecast models. This campaign involves the deployment of the second, marine-capable, AMF; all of the included measurement systems; and especially the scanning and vertically pointing radars. The campaign will include sonde launches at a rate of eight per day for the duration of the deployment. The increased sonde launches for the entire period matches that of the AMIE-Manus campaign and makes possible a far more robust Variational Analysis forcing data set product for the entire campaign, and thus better capabilities for modeling studies and synergistic research using the data from both AMIE sites. « less
The multikernel: a new OS architecture for scalable multicore systems

Commodity computer systems contain more and more processor cores and exhibit increasingly diverse architectural tradeoffs, including memory hierarchies, interconnects, instruction sets and variants, and IO configurations. Previous high-performance computing systems have scaled in specific cases, but the dynamic nature of modern client and server workloads, coupled with the impossibility of statically optimizing an OS for all workloads and hardware variants pose serious challenges for operating system structures. We argue that the challenge of future multicore hardware is best met by embracing the networked nature of the machine, rethinking OS architecture using ideas from distributed systems. We investigate a new OS structure, the multikernel, that treats the machine as a network of independent cores, assumes no inter-core sharing at the lowest level, and moves traditional OS functionality to a distributed system of processes that communicate via message-passing. We have implemented a multikernel OS to show that the approach is promising, and we describe how traditional scalability problems for operating systems (such as memory management) can be effectively recast using messages and can exploit insights from distributed systems and networking. An evaluation of our prototype on multicore systems shows that, even on present-day machines, the performance of a multikernel is comparable with a conventional OS, and can scale better to support future hardware.
Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to Study Biomarkers

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a technique designed to analyze the composition and spatial distribution of molecules and chemical structures on surfaces. These capabilities have generated much interest in its use in geobiology, in particular for the characterization of organic biomarkers (molecular biosignatures) at the microscopic level. We here discuss the strengths, weaknesses, and potential of ToF-SIMS for biomarker analyses with a focus on applications in geobiology, including biogeochemistry, organic geochemistry, geomicrobiology, and paleobiology. After describing the analytical principles of ToF-SIMS, we discuss issues of biomarker spectral formation and interpretation. Then, key applications of ToF-SIMS to soft (microbial matter, cells), hard (microbial mineral precipitates), and liquid (petroleum) samples relevant in geobiology are reviewed. Finally, we examine the potential of ToF-SIMS in biomarker research and the current limitations and obstacles for which furthe.
Petrology and palaeoenvironmental significance of glaucony in the Eocene succession at Whitecliff Bay, Hampshire Basin, UK

Following the investigations of Odin and others into the distribution of green granules, glaucony has been widely assumed to be a reliable indicator of a fully marine, open shelf environment with a low sedimentation rate. We have investigated the value of glaucony as a palaeoenvironmental indicator through an investigation of the pellets, and their distribution and reworking in the predominantly brackish to shallow marine Tertiary sediments of the Hampshire basin, together with a re-evaluation of the sedimentology. Glaucony has apparently formed in situ in all lithofacies from shallow marine to estuarine. Of the three highest glaucony concentrations (all dominated by in situ glaucony) two occur within highstand system tracts, the third is at a sequence boundary. Several important surfaces do not have more than a few percent glaucony, with very variable proportions of mature and in situ pellets. The correlation between glaucony concentration and sequence stratigraphy is most obvious in the London Clay and Wittering Formations, where least reworking of pellets has occurred. In the Barton Group there are no major concentrations of glaucony at any of the important stratal surfaces, we believe this more random glaucony distribution is due to limited glaucony formation and reworking of older glaucony. In these sediments ideal conditions for glaucony formation are interpreted to have been: fully marine, 10–30 m water depth, a ‘warm’ temperature plus low sedimentation rate with periodic winnowing to concentrate the pellets. Although most of these conditions for glaucony formation occurred in the Selsey Formation and Barton Group, a factor or factors mitigated against glauconitization. We suggest that this was lowering of the water temperature. The London Clay and Wittering Formations were deposited relatively rapidly (50–60 m Ma −1) and include intervals of estuarine sedimentation, both factors that we believe inhibited glaucony formation. Glaucony maturity reflects the minimum length of time spent in surface sediments, close to the oxic/sub-oxic interface. Point count data and chemical data for glaucony indicate widespread reworking and an overall increase in reworking with time, possibly due to uplift on the Isle of Wight monocline. The apparently wide range of conditions in which glaucony will form, and the frequency with which it is reworked, suggest that it is a less useful indicator palaeo-environmental indicator than is commonly supposed.
PENGARUH HUTAN DALAM PENGATURAN TATA AIR DAN PROSES SEDIMENTASI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) : STUDI KASUS DI DAS CISADANE

Peranan hutan dalam mengatur aliran sungai, baik debit aliran maupun debit sedimen, telah lama menjadi perhatian. Para ahli hidrologi berpendapat peranan hutan dalam mengatur aliran sungai dan sedimentasi hanya berlaku pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) yang mempunyai luasan sempit ( 100 km 2 . Guna mengantisipasi kelemahan kelemahan penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian yang mengkaji peranan penutupan lahan hutan terhadap aliran sungai dan proses sedimentasi pada DAS dilaksanakan pada DAS dengan luasan sempit ( 500 km 2 ). Penelitian ini memanfaatkan model hidrologi SWAT. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji peranan penggunaan lahan hutan dalam pengaturan tata air dan sedimentasi yang terjadi pada suatu DAS dengan beberapa luasan tanpa mengabaikan peranan penggunaan lahan lain. Pada luasan DAS lebar, keberadaan hutan kurang berperan dalam mengatur tata air dan proses sedimentasi. Keberadaan lahan hutan berperan dalam mengatur tata air dan proses sedimentasi pada luasan sedang dan sempit.
Analysis of N-Gram based text categorization for Bangla in a newspaper

In this paper, we study the outcome of using ngram based algorithm for Bangla text categorization. To analyze the efficiency of this methodology we used one year Prothom-Alo news corpus. Our results show that n-grams of length 2 or 3 are the most useful for categorization. Using gram lengths more than 3 reduces the performance of categorization.
US House of Representatives

The American Medical Association (AMA) appreciates the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health’s (Subcommittee) efforts to build on and accelerate wide-spread clinical applications of innovative tests. We welcome the opportunity to respond to the questions posed by the Subcommittee. Our responses are below along with examples that demonstrate the differences between medical testing services offered by physicians in a single laboratory to address a specific patient medical need versus the packaged commercial products that are shipped by manufacturers to laboratories across the country. The AMA strongly supports both legislative reform of (1) the current oversight of laboratories where testing services are offered by physicians; and (2) the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA or Agency) regulation of mass-produced commercial test kits. Congressional action is needed in order to sustain and encourage widespread access to well-established tests while removing burdensome regulatory barriers to rapid adoption of innovative tests that are clinically indicated.
Evidence for Small-Scale Mantle Convection From Seasat Altimeter Data

Evidence for the early development of convective instability in the thermal boundary layer associated with cooling plates has been found from gravity anomalies and residual sea surface heights derived from Seasat altimeter data. Subtle lineated patterns trending in the direction of plate motion in the hot spot reference frame are observed over the younger portions of the fast-moving Pacific and Indo-Australian plates. In particular, for the east central Pacific Ocean, the Seasat-derived data sets reveal lineations with (1) wavelengths in the range 150–500 km (perhaps increasing with plate age), and (2) peak-to-trough amplitudes of 5–20 mGal for gravity anomalies. The lineated pattern over the Pacific plate, which first becomes discernable over seafloor 5- to 10-m.y. -old west of the East Pacific Rise, is clearly oblique to the trends of the prominent Pacific-Farallon fracture zones. Onset of convective instability at such early ages can be understood if young oceanic lithosphere is underlain by a layer having a viscosity of about 1018 Pa s (1019 P), which is about 3 orders of magnitude less than mantle viscosity inferred from postglacial rebound studies. Recent numerical studies of convection in fluids with a temperature- and pressuredependent viscosity support an early onset time for convective instability and low-viscosity zones in the upper mantle beneath young lithosphere. Such low-viscosity zones may correspond to similarly located regions of low shear wave velocities resolved through studies of surface waves.
Investment in Outside Options as Opportunistic Behavior: An Experimental Investigation

We contribute to the theory of the firm by experimentally investigating a bilateral trade relationship in which standard theory assuming self-regarding preferences predicts that the seller will be better off by investing in the outside option to improve his bargaining position. The seller’s investment, however, might negatively affect the buyer’s other-regarding preferences if the investment is viewed as opportunistic. We find overall support for our hypotheses that arise from the link between other-regarding behavior and opportunism. In our experiment the seller can become worse off by investing, suggesting that costly solutions to opportunistic behavior such as vertical integration may be unnecessary.
Palynological Zonation of the Heiberg Formation (Triassic-Jurassic) Eastern Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada

ABSTRACT The Heiberg Formation is a sandstone-dominant deltaic complex present within much of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is subdivisible, from oldest to youngest, into the Romulus, Fosheim and Remus members. Three complete sections of the Heiberg Formation and some samples from overlying Jameson Bay and underlying Barrow formations were sampled for palynology. Four biozones and two subzones are described, covering the Norian to (? ) Toarcian interval. In ascending stratigraphic order these are: Triancoraesporites ancorae-Camarozonosporites laevigatus Biozone Kyrtomisporis speciosus-Aratrisporites coryliseminis Subzone Noricysta pannucea-Heibergella asymmetrica Subzone Limbosporites lundbladii-Ricciisporites tuberculatus Biozone Retitriletes austroclavatidites-Chasmatosporites magnolioides Biozone Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus-Pityosporites divulgatus Biozone. Based on palynology, the Romulus Member is assigned a Norian-late Norian/early Rhaetian age, and the Fosheim an (? )early/middle Rhaetian-early Hettangian age or younger. On the basis of ammonites plus palynological data from overlying formations, the top of the Remus Member may be Pliensbachian-late Pliensbachian-early Toarcian in age. LES ZONATIONS PALYNOLOGIQUES DE LA FORMATION HEIBERG (TRIASSIQUE-JURASSIQUE), BASSIN SVERDRUP ORIENTAL, ARCTIQUE CANADIEN RESUME La formation Heiberg est un complexe deltaique domine par les gres et present dans une grande partie du bassin Sverdrup, archipel de l'Arctique Canadien. Elle peut etre subdivisee, du plus ancien au plus recent, en les membres Romulus, Fosheim et Ramus. Trois coupes completes de la formation Heiberg et quelques echantillons des formations Jameson Bay surjacente et Barrow sousjacente ont ete echantillonnes pour fins d'analyse palynologique. Quatre biozones et deux sous-zones sont decrites, couvrant l'intervalle du Norien au ? Toarcien. Par ordre ascendant, elles sont: Biozone Triancoraesporite ancorae - Camarozonosporites laevigatus. Sous-zone Kyrtomisporis speciosus - Aratrisporites coryliseminis. Souszone Noricysta pannucea - Heibergilla asymmetrica. Biozone Limbosporites lundbladii - Riccisporites tuberculatus. Biozone Retitriletes austro-clavatidites - Chasmatosporites magnolioides. Biozone Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus - Pityosporites divulgatus. Base sur les donnees palynologiques, le membre Romulus remonte a l'age Norien-Norien superieur / Rhaetien inferieur et le Fosheim au Rhaetien ? inferieur / moyen- Hettangien inferieur ou a un age plus recent. En se basant sur les donnees des ammonites en plus des donnees palynologiques des formations surjacentes, le haut du membre Remus pourrait etre d'age Pliensbachien-Pliensbachien superieur-Toarchien inferieur. Traduit par Marc Charest
Influence of dam operation on water resources management under different scenarios in the Zambezi River Basin considering environmental objectives and hydropower

The hydropower potential in Africa is only very few exploited. The large rivers like Zambezi River still have considerable possibilities for installing further hydropower projects including the creation of reservoirs by large dams. The main African watersheds comprise also very vulnerable biotopes as wetlands, floodplains and deltas. This is exactly the case for the Zambezi river basin with its precious Barotse, Lukanga and Kafue flats as well as its large delta region. The question is how operation of the existing hydropower plants and reservoirs would have to be adapted in order to ensure environmental flows able to maintain the essential functionalities of the biotopes. Furthermore new projects should be designed in a way to mitigate as much as possible the negative effects or even to improve the present state. With her research project Mrs Dr. Theodora Cohen-Liechti was confronted with this challenge. In order to give an answer to the mentioned questions, she had to develop a hydraulic-hydrological model in a very a large river basin under data scarcity, which was never done in such a detailed degree before, namely for a daily time step. Furthermore the model comprises all relevant hydraulic structures and schemes as well as vulnerable floodplains. For the latter a new sub-model based on a reservoir approach was specifically developed. Mrs Cohen-Liechti studied by the help of the hydrological model numerous scenarios combining different levels of environmental requirements as well as several future hydropower developments. The analysis showed in principal that a reasonable compromise between energy production and environmental sustainability could be reached. Finally with the comprehensive hydraulic-hydrological model of the Zambezi River including new planned hydropower projects as well as extensions of existing power plants, the impact of climate change on the energy production was analyzed.
Swelling behaviour of calcareous clays from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Abstract The development of heave and swelling pressure in the natural calcareous expansive soils in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia causes major damage to structures constructed on or in them. The behaviour of expansive soil depends on the predominant type of clay minerals present, the cementing agents that bind these clay minerals and other physical and chemical properties. This paper presents the problems and the geotechnical and physicochemical properties of the calcareous expansive soil deposits in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. X-ray, thermal and chemical analyses and scanning electron microscopy were used to estimate the type and quantity of clay and non-clay minerals and fabric of the investigated soil. The swelling potential was determined using a conventional oedometer test. A field test conducted for measurement of heave was compared with heave estimated from laboratory- tests, Results showed that the investigated soil had moderate to very high swelling potential and the heave estimated from the suction method was very close to the value measured from the field test.