Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microwave remote sensing algorithms for cirrus clouds and precipitation

The global distribution of ice mass in cirrus clouds is very poorly known, but important for validating climate models that predict cirrus ice content. In this work theoretical modeling is carried out to investigate the feasibility of and possible techniques for high frequency microwave sensing of cirrus clouds from satellite. The discrete dipole approximation is used to compute the scattering properties for horizontally oriented ice crystals at frequencies of 85, 157, 220, and 340 GHz. Five particle shapes (solid columns, hollow columns, plates, planar rosettes, and spheres) and 18 gamma size distributions are considered. Upwelling brightness temperatures are computed with a polarized radiative transfer model. The brightness temperature depression (.6.Tb), relative to clear sky, is proportional to the ice water path (IWP), but the relationship depends strongly on the characteristic particle size and also on the crystal shape (typical range is a factor of two) . Multiple frequencies and polarizations are shown to be useful for determining particle size and shape. Moderate IWP is detectable, e.g. 30 g/m2 produces . 6.Tb = 3°K at 340 GHz for a typical distribution. A multichannel passive microwave precipitation retrieval algorithm is also developed in this work. Bayes theorem is used to combine statistical information from numerical cloud models with forward radiative transfer modeling. A multivariate log-normal prior probability distribution contains the covariance information about hydrometeor distributions that resolves the nonuniqueness inherent in the inversion process. Hydrometeor profiles are retrieved by maximizing the posterior probability density for each vector of observations. Theoretical tests with brightness temperatures simulated from cloud model data show that a five layer structure with variable rain, graupel, and cloud water is as effective as more complex structures. The hydrometeor profile retrieval method is tested with four channel (10 to 85 GHz) aircraft-based microwave radiometer data from convection over ocean and land in Florida. Multiparameter radar data is used to verify the retrieved profiles. The results show that the method generally works, but that more research needs to be done to improve the use of cloud model information.
Pushout Bond Strength in Coronal Dentin: A Standardization Approach in Comparison to Shear Bond Strength

To find an alternative that is closer to clinical reality in terms of cavity geometry and configuration factor, this study investigated the pushout test on in vitro adhesive testing to coronal dentin when compared to the established shear test, both in a standardized approach. For a feasible comparison between both tests, the pushout specimen was adjusted in thickness (1.03 ± 0.05 mm) and cavity diameter (1.42 ± 0.03 mm) to receive a bonding area (4.63 ± 0.26 mm2) that matches that of the shear test (4.57 ± 0.13 mm2). Though, the configuration factor between both tests differs largely (pushout 1.5 ± 0.08; shear bond 0.20 ± 0.01). The bond strength of five different adhesives (n = 20) was investigated for both tests. The pushout test registered a high number of invalid measurements (30%) due to concomitant dentin fracture during testing. In contrast to the shear test, the pushout test failed to discriminate between different adhesives (p = 0.367). Both tests differed largely from each other when comparing adhesive groups. When solely looking at the valid specimens, Weibull modulus reached higher values in the pushout approach. Conclusively, the pushout test in this specific setup does not distinguish as precisely as the shear bond test between different adhesives and needs adaption to be routinely applied in adhesive dentistry.
Toward the appropriate interpretation of Alphafold2

In life science, protein is an essential building block for life forms and a crucial catalyst for metabolic reactions in organisms. The structures of protein depend on an infinity of amino acid residues' complex combinations determined by gene expression. Predicting protein folding structures has been a tedious problem in the past seven decades but, due to robust development of artificial intelligence, astonishing progress has been made. Alphafold2, whose key component is Evoformer, is a typical and successful example of such progress. This article attempts to not only isolate and dissect every detail of Evoformer, but also raise some ideas for potential improvement.
Determining the interests of Social Network Users

: The article is devoted to a brief review of approaches to the analysis of social relations in social networks using comments and credentials located in the profiles of social network users. The study aims to determine the interest and behavior of each user. The approach that we propose to determine the interests of social network users requires some methods of machine learning (classification analysis and data clustering). A method based on sentiment analysis and a naive Bayesian classifier is proposed. Determining the interests of social network users based on the intellectual analysis of comments can help to understand the logic of their behavior, and determine social relations between users and problems in society.
Accurate Coarse Residual for Two-Level Asynchronous Domain Decomposition Methods

Recently, asynchronous coarse-space correction has been achieved within both the overlapping Schwarz and the primal Schur frameworks. Both additive and multiplicative corrections have been discussed. In this paper, we address some implementation drawbacks of the proposed additive correction scheme. In the existing approach, each coarse solution is applied only once, leaving most of the iterations of the solver without coarse-space information while building the right-hand side of the coarse problem. Moreover, one-sided routines of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard were considered, which introduced the need for a sleep statement in the iterations loop of the coarse solver. This implies a tuning of the sleep period, which is a non-discrete quantity. In this paper, we improve the accuracy of the coarse right-hand side, which allowed for more frequent corrections. In addition, we highlight a two-sided implementation which better suits the asynchronous coarse-space correction scheme. Numerical experiments show a significant performance gain with such increased incorporation of the coarse space.
Microbial synthesis of eco-friendly polylactate plastic from low-cost agro-industrial wastes as an alternative to petrochemical-based plastic

Bioplastics made from renewable resources, such as contemporary biomass, have been developed more quickly as a result of global pollution from plastics made from petroleum, but it is still unclear how these materials will affect ecosystems. A common biopolymer that will make up 33% of the bioplastics produced in 2021 is polylactic acid (PLA). Forty-two bacterial isolates (soil, food wastes, and water wastes) were obtained, and 8 lactic acid bacteria were used for lactic acid (LA) production. These bacteria were classified into three categories, namely high, moderate and low LA producing bacteria which gave LA concentrations ranged from >1.0 g/L (3 bacteria), 0.5 to 1.0 g/L (21 bacteria) and 0.1 to 0.5 g/L (26 bacteria), respectively. The Sudan black staining method revealed that 16 bacteria out of 50 were capable of storing PLA granules, with three lactic acid bacteria referred to as Lactococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus rhamenose, and Lactobacillus retrieria being the most efficient. The sodium dodecyl sulphate procedure was used to extract PLA from the selected LAB, and the results revealed that L. rhamnose was the most effective strain for producing both lactic acid and PLA. The most important fermentation parameters for lactic acid and polylactate polymer production were evaluated using an optimal custom (factorial) design. The interaction between three factors of selected potato oil waste, C/N ratio (48/1), and inoculum size (10%) resulted in an increase in lactic acid and polylactate polymer productivity by L. rhamenose L6, which reached 0.85 g/L, 0.96 g/L, and cell dry weight 2.33g/L, respectively.
Too Close to Home: Photoelicitation with African Diasporic Communities, Ethical (Un)preparedness and the Importance of Critical Reflexivity in International Development Research

Abstract Photoelicitation is a creative and multidimensional visual methodology used to stimulate participant subjectivities and situated knowledges. International development research documenting this method often amounts to methodological ‘how-to’ discussions around procedural ethical considerations (e.g. of consent, confidentiality, anonymity and dissemination). Notwithstanding their instructions and recommendations, scholarship is almost exclusively concerned with ethics with respect to participant produced photographs. Less considered are elaborations around unanticipated ‘ethically important moments’ that occur unexpectedly in the here and now dynamic of researcher-supplied photoelicitation. Appropriately, this article presents a methodological reflection of the author’s unpreparedness for participant confessional stories and emotional responses about identity and racism evoked by INGO fundraising photographs of Black African poverty in a qualitative study with British African diasporic communities. It concludes with a two-pronged recommendation of critical reflexivity as an ethical safeguard whereby researchers 1) interrogate their positionalities, and 2) assess the ethical appropriateness of using photos with audience groups who share racialised identities and relationships with those featured in the fundraising imagery. Here, critical reflexivity is defined as the process through which researchers examine who they are and their role within the research context. While ethical safeguard refers to a certain ethical discernment and responsiveness that guards against some of the potentially harmful implications of ethical unpreparedness.
Home-based testing protocol to measure physiological responses to everyday activities in ME: a feasibility study

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) have shown altered physiological responses during maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing. However, maximal testing is not representative of the everyday activities reported to cause or increase symptoms in ME, and is not accessible for those with severe or very severe illness. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a home-based testing protocol to measure physiological responses in ME to everyday activity. Methods Researchers attended participants’ homes to collect data and provide equipment for independent testing. Adults with ME who met the International Consensus Criteria wore a portable metabolic assessment system and a physiological stress monitor. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and lactic acid were assessed during a range of everyday positions and activities in their own homes. Results Online recruitment yielded 70 volunteers in 24 h. 17 eligible individuals reflecting a range of illness severities were enrolled. All participants found the procedures acceptable with 12 (70%) subjects completing every listed activity. Apparent physiological abnormalities were identified in all participants. Conclusion Physiological measurement during everyday activities was feasible for our participants who represented a range of ME severities. Activities must be adapted for different levels of severity to avoid significant symptom exacerbation. Further research is needed to develop home-based assessment protocols to advance the biobehavioral understanding of ME. Trial registration number: ISRCTN78379409.
Axonal Regrowth of Olfactory Sensory Neurons In Vitro

One of the most prevalent causes of olfactory loss includes traumatic brain injury with subsequent shearing of olfactory axons at the level of the cribriform plate (anterior skull base). Scar tissue at this level may prevent axonal regrowth toward the olfactory bulb. Currently, there is no cure for this debilitating and often permanent condition. One promising therapeutic concept is to implant a synthetic scaffold with growth factors through the cribriform plate/scar tissue to induce neuroregeneration. The first step toward this goal is to investigate the optimum conditions (growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins) to boost this regeneration. However, the lack of a specifically tailored in vitro model and an automated procedure for quantifying axonal length limits our ability to address this issue. The aim of this study is to create an automated quantification tool to measure axonal length and to determine the ideal growth factors and extracellular proteins to enhance axonal regrowth of olfactory sensory neurons in a mouse organotypic 2D model. We harvested olfactory epithelium (OE) of C57BL/6 mice and cultured them during 15 days on coverslips coated with various extracellular matrix proteins (Fibronectin, Collagen IV, Laminin, none) and different growth factors: fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), retinoic acid (RA), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and none. We measured the attachment rate on coverslips, the presence of cellular and axonal outgrowth, and finally, the total axonal length with a newly developed automated high-throughput quantification tool. Whereas the coatings did not influence attachment and neuronal outgrowth rates, the total axonal length was enhanced on fibronectin and collagen IV (p = 0.001). The optimum growth factor supplementation media to culture OE compared to the control condition were as follows: FGF2 alone and FGF2 from day 0 to 7 followed by FGF2 in combination with NGF from day 7 to 15 (p < 0.0001). The automated quantification tool to measure axonal length outperformed the standard Neuron J application by reducing the average analysis time from 22 to 3 min per specimen. In conclusion, robust regeneration of murine olfactory neurons in vitro can be induced, controlled, and efficiently measured using an automated quantification tool. These results will help advance the therapeutic concept closer toward preclinical studies.
Prediksi Hasil Pertandingan Liga Serie A Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayes

Sepak bola adalah olahraga yang sangat populer di seluruh dunia, dengan banyak penggemar yang melakukan prediksi hasil pertandingan. Metode yang digunakan untuk memprediksi hasil pertandingan dapat mempengaruhi akurasi prediksi tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan prediksi hasil pertandingan Liga Serie A menggunakan metode algoritma Naïve Bayes.Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap, di antaranya adalah Data Selection, Preprocessing Dataset, Transformation Dataset, Klasifikasi Naïve Bayes, Pengujian dan Evaluasi Model. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui web scraping dari situs www.football-data.uk, dan terdiri dari data Liga Serie A dari tahun 2017 hingga 2022. Setelah melalui tahap preprocessing, dataset diubah menjadi bentuk angka menggunakan metode transformation dataset agar dapat digunakan dalam algoritma Naïve Bayes. Kemudian dilakukan klasifikasi menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes untuk memprediksi hasil pertandingan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa metode Naïve Bayes berhasil mencapai tingkat akurasi sebesar 75,79% dengan menggunakan data 1900 pertandingan. Empat teratas yaitu Juventus, Inter, Milan dan Napoli diprediksi akan lolos ke Liga Champions. Selanjutnya, model prediksi yang telah dibuat diimplementasikan dalam bentuk aplikasi. Aplikasi ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk melihat prediksi hasil pertandingan Liga Serie A dan menampilkan tampilan visual yang informatif. Dalam kesimpulan, penelitian ini berhasil melakukan prediksi hasil pertandingan Liga Serie A dengan menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tingkat akurasi yang baik. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan metode prediksi hasil pertandingan sepak bola dengan menggunakan algoritma Naïve Bayes. Kata Kunci : Prediksi, Serie A, Naïve Bayes, Akurasi, Web scrapping
Observations and Modeling of Ice Water Content in a Mixed-Phase Cloud System

Abstract The ice water content (IWC) distribution in a mixed-phase cloud system was investigated using CloudSat data, aircraft measurements, and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Simulated precipitation and IWC were in general agreement with rain gauge, satellite, and aircraft observations. The cloud case was characterized by a predominant cold layer and high IWC throughout the cloud-development and precipitation stages. The CloudSat-retrieved products suggested that the IWC was distributed from 4.0 to 8.0 km, with the maximum values (up to 0.5 g m-3) at 5.0-6.0 km at the earlymature stage of cloud development. High IWC (up to 0.8 g m-3) was also detected by airborne probes at 4.2 and 3.6 km at the late-mature stage. The WRF model simulation revealed that the predominant riming facilitated rapid accumulation of high IWC at 3.0-6.0 km.
Super-wideband Fractal Antenna for Future Generations of Wireless Communication

|A super-wideband (SWB) antenna of enhanced performance is proposed to cover the frequency band from 3 to 30 GHz. The proposed antenna can be regarded as a two-arm antenna of fractal structure. Each of the antenna arms can be viewed as composed of multiple merged wideband fractal elements. Each fractal element is a wide-(cid:13)are metallic sector-shaped radiator with circular (arc-shaped) edges to enhance the bandwidth over which the antenna impedance is matched to 50 Ω-feeder. A novel SWB balun is proposed for feeding the two-arm antenna of its balanced structure through the conventional coaxial feeder of its unbalanced structure. For experimental assessment of its performance, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured by a vector network analyzer (VNA). The experimental results come in agreement with the results obtained by the CST R ⃝ simulator. It is shown that the proposed antenna has a ratio bandwidth (RBW) of 10 : 1, percentage bandwidth (%BW) of 164%, and bandwidth-dimension ratio (BDR) of 1952. The eﬃciency of radiation of the proposed antenna is shown to be greater than 98% over most of the operational frequency band.
Applications of GaN HEMT: current state and future trends

With the continuous advancement of communication technology and the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles, the performance expectations of traditional first and second generation semiconductors are no longer being met. Therefore, current research has shifted towards third generation semiconductors, such as GaN, due to their unique material properties. GaN offers a higher electron saturation drift rate, more robust radiation resistance, and higher thermal conductivity. GaN HEMT, which is based on GaN, has attracted much attention in high power and high-frequency scenarios, owing to its higher breakdown voltage and electron mobility than traditional silicon-based semiconductor devices. This paper explores the current applications of GaN HEMT in DC-DC power converters for electric vehicles, as well as power amplifiers and low noise amplifiers for wireless communications. Additionally, the present application of GaN HEMT is critically assessed, and potential future development or improvement directions are discussed. Given its exceptional material properties and unique advantages, it is anticipated that GaN HEMT will continue to play a crucial part in the development of advanced semiconductor devices
Improving Surface Soil Moisture Estimation Through Assimilating Satellite Land Surface Temperature With a Linear SM-LST Relationship

Soil moisture (SM) plays a vital role in linking the global terrestrial water, energy, and carbon cycles. Land data assimilation (DA) is typically applied for acquiring more accurate SM estimates by incorporating remote sensing (RS) retrievals to constraint model parameters and system states. In addition to RS SM retrievals that are frequently used in land DA, the land surface temperature (LST), which can be directly and independently retrieved from thermal infrared measurements, is closely linked with SM, and can also be used in the land DA to improve SM estimation. However, it is hampered by the lack of a general observation operator that links LST retrievals with SM in the land surface model (LSM). Therefore, a novel LST DA scheme is developed in this article, in which RS LST is linked to SM by a linear relationship between the simulated ensembles of SM and LST generated by the Ensemble Kalman filter. Subsequently, MODIS LST is assimilated into the LSM to estimate SM and calibrate the soil parameters (soil porosity, soil texture) with the dual-cycle assimilation algorithm. The DA SM results are validated using an in situ SM network deployed in the central Tibetan Plateau. The results demonstrate that our DA scheme improved the SM accuracy—leading to a decrease in the root-mean-square error from 0.11 m3m−3 to 0.026 m3m−3. This article provides a novel scheme of LST assimilation, which is beneficial for the assimilation of high-resolution RS data.
RH: Bernett • Edge feathering impacts on songbirds Avian response to feathering habitat edges in an agricultural landscape in southwestern Ohio

Edge feathering is a habitat restoration method that potentially benefits early successional wildlife species. Past studies have shown that it can increase populations of certain game bird species, such as Northern Bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ). Therefore, it is expected that edge feathering will also lead to increases in edge-inhabiting songbird species. This study evaluates the effect of edge feathering on specific Federal Trust songbird species in Ohio that are of conservation concern. Songbirds were observed using point counts to determine presence and abundance in treated and control sites. Vegetation data was evaluated on all plots by measuring ground cover, horizontal visual obstruction, overhead cover, and shrub density. Fourteen birds had a frequency of occurrence above 10%, and 3 of those are listed as Federal Trust species. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate relationships between these 14 bird species and treatment type, site location, and vegetation characteristics. Most birds did not show associations with edge feathered plots in general. However, the Wood Thrush ( Hylocichla mustelina ), Indigo Bunting ( Passerina cyanea ), Red-bellied Woodpecker ( Melanerpes carolinus ), and Song Sparrow ( Melospiza melodia ) were correlated with specific habitat variables. This supports my expectation that edge feathering has some impact on presence and abundance of important bird species, and that it may hold potential as a method of habitat restoration. I recommend that the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) continue to maintain and evaluate these sites and their impacts on species associated with early successional habitats.
Understanding the audience in framing research: empirical evidence from three studies examining HIV framing in China

Guided by framing theory, this three-phase mixed-methods study explored (a) how Chinese government-sponsored newspapers frame HIV and (b) framing effects on people’s HIV beliefs. A content analysis of two government-sponsored newspapers and a survey of 210 readers showed discrepancies in frame and frame valence. In-depth follow-up interviews with 15 media and public health experts revealed that the discrepancies were related to people’s attitudes toward the media and beliefs about HIV, which could further be explained by the political environment, media ecology, historical framing, and cultural identities in China. We discuss theoretical implications for framing theory and practical implications for HIV media coverage.