Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of the Internal Domains for Inducing the Anomalously High Dielectric Constant of CaCu3Ti4O12

The delicate self-intertwined domain structures inside the grains of the polycrystalline CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) were discovered by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), which provided a direct clue in understanding the mystery of the huge dielectric response of this intriguing material. Domain morphologies with and without terrace and ledge were observed by SEM. The detailed domain structures were further examined by HRTEM, and it was found that they contained strained and unstrained domains. The strained domains essentially are constructed by various dimensional superlattices. The coherent domain boundaries were considered to be strained, composition-disordered, and insulating. A microstructural model and its equivalent circuit based on a series connection with semiconducting domain interior, insulating domain boundary, and insulating grain boundary have been established, which not only solve the contradictory explanation of the dielectric response b.
Quality of life, resource utilisation and health economics assessment in advanced neuroendocrine tumours: a systematic review

Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) are often diagnosed at an advanced stage when the prognosis is poor for patients, who often experience diminished quality of life (QoL). As new treatments for NET become available, it is important to characterise the associated outcomes, costs and QoL. A comprehensive search was performed to systematically review available data in advanced NET regarding cost of illness/resource utilisation, economic studies/health technology assessment and QoL. Four rounds of sequential review narrowed the search results to 22 relevant studies. Most focused on surgical procedures and diagnostic tools and contained limited information on the costs and consequences of medical therapies. Multiple tools are used to assess health-related QoL in NET, but few analyses have been conducted to assess the comparative impact of available treatment alternatives on QoL. Limitations include English language and the focus on advanced NET; ongoing terminology and classification changes prevented pooled statistical analyses. This systematic review suggests a lack of comparative economic and outcomes data associated with NET treatments. Further research on disease costs, resource utilisation and QoL for patients with advanced NET is warranted.
Wireless Medical Information System Network for Patient ECG Monitoring

The emergence of telemedicine developments and the implementation of wireless networks in the medical field have paved the way for research into how we can best harness wireless technology to provide the medical sector with robust, accurate and 'usable' solutions. This paper describes the implementation of a medical information system network that allows medical instrumentation data to be accessed and controlled by handheld devices operated by medical practitioners. Embedded platforms are used for the medical information nodes that communicate with ECG instruments. We explore and compare the performance of implementing real-time acquisition of patient ECG signals on an FPGA with a software implementation. It was found that the ECG module implemented as custom logic occupied a smaller percentage of the CPU time and also consumed less current than the software implementation
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Are Both Required for Prevention of HCMV Disease in Seropositive Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

In solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTR) the protective role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T-cells vs. HCMV reactivation requires better definition. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevant role of HCMV-specific CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T-cells in different clinical presentations during the post-transplant period. Thirty-nine SOTR underwent virologic and immunologic follow-up for about 1 year after transplantation. Viral load was determined by real-time PCR, while immunologic monitoring was performed by measuring HCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (following stimulation with autologous HCMV-infected dendritic cells) and γδ T-cells by flow cytometry. Seven patients had no infection and 14 had a controlled infection, while both groups maintained CD4+ T-cell numbers above the established cut-off (0.4 cell/µL blood). Of the remaining patients, 9 controlled the infection temporarily in the presence of HCMV-specific CD8+ only, until CD4+ T-cell appearance; while 9 had to be treated preemptively due to a viral load greater than the established cut-off (3×105 DNA copies/mL blood) in the absence of specific CD4+ T-cells. Polyfunctional CD8+ T-cells as well as Vδ2− γδ T-cells were not associated with control of infection. In conclusion, in the absence of HCMV-specific CD4+ T-cells, no long-term protection is conferred to SOTR by either HCMV-specific CD8+ T-cells alone or Vδ2− γδ T-cell expansion.
Tutorial Response Generation in a Writing Tool for Deaf Learners of English

ICICLE (Interactive Computer Identification and Correction of Language Errors) is a tutoring system under development that instructs deaf users of American Sign Language on written English skills1 . (See (McCoy & Masterman (Michaud) 1997) for a discussion of overall system architecture. ) The text generation module it will employ produces original text to instruct the user on errors found in his or her writing, tailored to the user’s understanding and learning style. The model I propose for planning this text composes it according to a four-tier response anatomy. It combines bottomup and top-down planning approaches and takes into account a detailed representation of user language proficiency and a history of interaction with a user in order to create text that is maximally understandable and informative to the individual. The initial bottom-up part of the planning will employ a domain knowledge base containing information about the errors recognized by the system to cluster similar errors found in a piece of writing and to order those clusters according to guidelines directing the flow of a tutorial session. My work is concerned with the subsequent top-down phase which builds and fleshes out a hierarchical text plan to tutor on an error. This phase employs a response anatomy which is comprised of content, method, form, and manner. Content refers to the error(s) to be discussed; the method is the choice between possible pedagogical approaches to discussing the error; the form is the determination of how to structure the approach defined by the method; and the manner refers to cohesive factors involved in a contextuallyaware explanation. The top-down planning begins with the posting of the goal of instructing the user on an error and the selection of plan operators that represent approaches toward realizing this goal. My plan operator design is based largely on the work in (Moore &
Chronic Poverty in Semi Arid Zimbabwe

This paper examines the causes of chronic poverty in the remote rural areas (RRAs) of Zimbabwe's semi-arid communal lands. We found that persistent poverty was strongly associated with the structural poverty of Zimbabwe's semi-arid communal areas. Relative urban proximity (non-remoteness) assisted income diversification and improvement in a very poor, socially and politically excluded area. Less excluded but remote areas remained poor but not as poor as those in the excluded area. Livelihoods changed and diversified more in the non-remote area, speeding poverty reduction as measured by an index of perceived change. The paper explores what can be done to improve links between policy-makers and programme designers and poor farm households at risk from drought and examines whether diversification into non-farming occupations offers an exit route from poverty. The paper suggests that Zimbabwe's poor are substantially located in the semi-arid regions. These areas have been neglected by both the state and the private sector. Our findings indicate a massive decline in well-being and consumption between 1993 and 1998 and a failure to rebuild assets after the devastating 1991 drought. We found that semi-arid economies are largely unmonetised as huge swathes of semi-arid Zimbabwe have retreated into subsistence. Markets are not generally sufficiently organised or attractive to engage poor people: barter dominates as a form of exchange and poor households make few cash-based transactions through the market. Key findings are that: The very poorest households have very limited non-farm or off-farm livelihood activities, indicating that for them, improvements in their incomes from agriculture are crucial if their well-being is to improve - either that or new low skill employment opportunities Contrary to expectations for an economy dominated by subsistence production, households with large numbers of people in them as well as those with large numbers of economically active adults are more likely to be poor. Despite attempts to provide a safety net during the 1991-92 drought government grain loans and food-for-work programmes were too limited to be effective. Many poorer households have land lying fallow due to insufficient draught oxen and labour shortages - primarily due to migration and HIV/Aids. The livelihood portfolios which generated the best recovery from drought were waged, nonfarm and mixed farm and non-farm with proximity to urban areas. For most households the value of retained output was more significant than cash income from crop/livestock sales, by factors of between 3 and 10. Lastly we suggest a number of areas for pro-poor policy intervention, including social protection and a focus on improved delivery of social services, (appropriate) agricultural extension and pro-poor financial sector reform.
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Phonetic Enhancement and Three Patterns of English A-tensing Phonetic Enhancement and Three Patterns of English A-tensing Phonetic Enhancement and Three Patterns of English A-tensing

English a-tensing has received numerous treatments in the phonological and sociolinguistic literature, but the question of why it occurs (i) at all and (ii) in seemingly unnatural disjunctive phonological environments has not been settled. This paper presents a novel phonetic enhancement account of a-tensing in Philadelphia, New York City and Belfast English. I propose that a-tensing is best understood as an allophonic process which facilitates the perceptual identity and articulatory ease of nasality, voicing and/or segment duration in the following consonant. This approach unifies the apparently unnatural phonological environments in which the two a variants surface and predicts the attested dialectal patterns. A synchronic account of a-tensing also provides an explanation for the suprasegmental and morphological factors that condition the process.
Understanding nanoindentation unloading curves

Experiments have shown that nanoindentation unloading curves obtained with Berkovich triangular pyramidal indenters are usually welldescribed by the power-law relation P = α( h − h _f)^ m , where h _f is the final depth after complete unloading and α and m are material constants. However, the power-law exponent is not fixed at an integral value, as would be the case for elastic contact by a conical indenter ( m = 2) or a flat circular punch ( m = 1), but varies from material to material in the range m = 1.2–1.6. A simple model is developed based on observations from finite element simulations of indentation of elastic–plastic materials by a rigid cone that provides a physical explanation for the behavior. The model, which is based on the concept of an indenter with an “effective shape” whose geometry is determined by the shape of the plastic hardness impression formed during indentation, provides a means by which the material constants in the power law relation can be related to more fundamental material properties such as the elastic modulus and hardness. Simple arguments are presented from which the effective indenter shape can be derived from the pressure distribution under the indenter.
N,N-Dibenzoylferrocenecarboxamide

In the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C20H14NO3)], the cyclopentadienyl rings deviate by 9.3 (2)° from an eclipsed conformation, defined by C—Cg 1—Cg 2—C pseudo-torsion angles ranging from 8.8 (1) to 9.85 (1)°. The coordination at the N atom is slightly pyramidal, as indicated by the angular sum around it of 352.6°. The amide group is inclined at 17.86 (9) and 27.27 (11)° with respect to the aromatic rings. In the crystal, molecules are linked by one C—H⋯O hydrogen bond and one C—H⋯π interaction into a two-dimensional framework parallel to the b axis.
Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing of Aedes aegypti Identifies a Locus That Confers Resistance to Brugia malayi and Alters the Immune Response

Many mosquito species are naturally polymorphic for their abilities to transmit parasites, a feature which is of great interest for controlling vector-borne disease. Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever and a laboratory model for studying lymphatic filariasis, is genetically variable for its capacity to harbor the filarial nematode Brugia malayi. The genome of Ae. aegypti is large and repetitive, making genome resequencing difficult and expensive. We designed exome captures to target protein-coding regions of the genome, and used association mapping in a wild Kenyan population to identify a single, dominant, sex-linked locus underlying resistance. This falls in a region of the genome where a resistance locus was previously mapped in a line established in 1936, suggesting that this polymorphism has been maintained in the wild for the at least 80 years. We then crossed resistant and susceptible mosquitoes to place both alleles of the gene into a common genetic background, and used RNA-seq to measure the effect of this locus on gene expression. We found evidence for Toll, IMD, and JAK-STAT pathway activity in response to early stages of B. malayi infection when the parasites are beginning to die in the resistant genotype. We also found that resistant mosquitoes express anti-microbial peptides at the time of parasite-killing, and that this expression is suppressed in susceptible mosquitoes. Together, we have found that a single resistance locus leads to a higher immune response in resistant mosquitoes, and we identify genes in this region that may be responsible for this trait.
Mobile Relay Based Fast Handover Scheme in High-Speed Mobile Environment

There are a lot of handovers failed in high-speed mobile environment because the handover can't be completed in time although the field strength values are sufficient availability along the tracks. A mobile relay based fast handover scheme is proposed which is suitable for high-speed mobile environment. Two reference points are introduced to ensure handover in time. Pre-preparation and packet bi-casting is introduced to reduce communication interruption time and realize seamless handover. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of handover delay, communication interruption time and bi-casting time.
Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in women with laparoscopically diagnosed acute salpingitis

Objectives:Mycoplasma genitalium has been associated with cervicitis, endometritis, and tubal factor infertility. Because the ability of this bacterium to ascend and infect the fallopian tube remains undefined, we performed an investigation to determine the prevalence of M genitalium in fallopian tube, endometrial, and cervical specimens from women laparoscopically diagnosed with acute salpingitis in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: Women presenting with pelvic inflammatory disease were laparoscopically diagnosed with salpingitis. Infection with M genitalium in genital specimens was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of 123 subjects with acute salpingitis, M genitalium was detected by PCR in the cervix and/or endometrium in nine (7%) participants, and in a single fallopian tube specimen. In addition, those infected with M genitalium were more often HIV infected than women not infected by M genitalium (seven of nine (78%) v 42 of 114 (37%), p<0.03). Conclusions:M genitalium is able to ascend into the fallopian tube, but its association with tubal pathology requires further investigation.
Mutations in the sensitive giant titin result in a broken heart.

### Truncations of Titin Causing Dilated Cardiomyopathy Herman et al N Engl J Med. 2012;366:619–628. The specialized cytoskeleton of striated muscle cells consists of highly ordered structures, the single contractile units termed sarcomeres. Although once believed to be simply a scaffold for the assembly of structural proteins to generate force and motion, it is now widely recognized that the sarcomeric cytoskeleton is dynamic and is intimately involved in numerous cellular signaling processes that respond to a wide range of extracellular cues. Sarcomeres in vertebrates are built of an intricate array of myosin-containing thick filaments, actin-containing thin filaments, and titin filaments (Figure, A), along with a plethora of other structural and regulatory proteins. Titin (also known as connectin) is the largest protein discovered in humans to date.1,2 The human titin gene is enormous; at 363 exons, it encompasses the largest number of exons in any single gene and is predicted to encode up to 38 138 residues, or a 4.2-MDa protein.3 Remarkably, a single molecule of titin spans half the length of a sarcomere with its NH2 terminus embedded in the Z-disc and its COOH terminus anchored at the center of the sarcomere, the M-line (Figure, A). This corresponds to a molecular length of approximately 0.9 to >1.5 μm, depending on sarcomere stretch! Because titin filaments from opposite half-sarcomeres fully overlap in the Z-discs and at the M-line, titin filaments form a continuous system within myofibrils. Figure. Striated muscle sarcomere (Panel A) with locations of titin mutations linked to human dilated cardiomyopathy (Panel B). Mutations are markedly missing from the Z disc and M line; they are highly enriched in the thick filament associated A band region. While some patients presented with identical mutations, numbers reflect unique mutations. Although many unique functions for titin have been described, it is most known for its function as a molecular spring; it limits …
Lazy logging and prefetch-based crash recovery in software distributed shared memory systems

In this paper we propose a new, efficient logging protocol, called lazy logging, and a fast crash recovery protocol, called the prefetch-based crash recovery (PCR), for software distributed shared memory (SDSM). Our lazy logging protocol minimizes failure-free overhead by logging only data indispensable for correct recovery, while our PCR protocol reduces the recovery time by prefetching data according to the future memory access patterns, thus eliminating memory miss penalty during the recovery process. We have performed experiments on workstation clusters, comparing our protocols against the earlier reduced-stable logging (RSL) protocol by actually implementing both protocols in TreadMarks, a state-of-the-art SDSM system. The experimental results show that our lazy logging protocol consistently outperforms the RSL protocol. Our protocol increases the execution time slightly by 1% to 4% during failure-free execution, while the RSL protocol results in the execution time overhead of 6% to 21% due to its larger log size and higher disk access frequency. Our PCR protocol also outperforms the widely used simple crash recovery protocol by 18% to 57% under all applications examined.
Mathematical Model and Advance Control for Activated Sludge Process in Sequencing Batch Reactor

This paper presents the results of a modeling and simulation study of an activated sludge process in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), with emphasis on total nitrogen removal. This study focuses on the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) and effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD). Neural-network based redictive controller (MPC) is implemented to control the system for the DO set point and give better and acceptable results when compared with the conventional PID controller
High-performance, parallel, stack-based genetic programming

HiGP is a new high-performance genetic programming system. This system combines techniques from string-based genetic algorithms, S-expression-based genetic programming systems, and high-performance parallel computing. The result is a fast, flexible, and easily portable genetic programming engine with a clear and efficient parallel implementation. HiGP manipulates and produces linear programs for a stack-based virtual machine, rather than the tree-structured S-expressions used in traditional genetic programming. In this paper we describe the HiGP virtual machine and genetic programming algorithms. We demonstrate the system's performance on a symbolic regression problem and show that HiGP can solve this problem with substantially less computational effort than can a traditional genetic programming system. We also show that HiGP's time performance is significantly better than that of a well-written S-expression-based system, also written in C. We further show that our parallel version of HiGP achieves a speedup that is nearly linear in the number of processors, without mandating the use of localized breeding strategies.
Detecting complex building shapes in panchromatic satellite images for digital elevation model enhancement

Since remote sensing field provides new sensors and techniques to accumulate data on urban region, three-dimensional representation of these regions gained much interest for various applications. Three-dimensional urban region representation can be used for detailed urban monitoring, change and damage detection purposes. In order to obtain three-dimensional representation, one of the easiest and cheapest way is to use Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) which are generated from very high resolution stereo satellite images using stereovision techniques. Unfortunately after applying the DEM generation process, we can not directly obtain three-dimensional urban region representation. In the DEM which is generated using only one stereo image pairs, generally noise, matching errors, and uncertainty on building wall locations are very high. These undesirable effects increase the complexity in the three-dimensional representation. Therefore, automatic DEM enhancement is an open and challenging problem. In order to enhance DEM, herein we propose an approach based on building shape detection. We use DEM and orthorectified panchromatic Ikonos images of M¨ unchen to explain our method. After applying pre-processing to both DEM and Ikonos image, we apply local thresholding to DEM to detect approximate locations of high urban objects like buildings. In order to detect complex building shapes, we develop our previous rectangular shape detection (box-fitting) algorithm. Unfortunately, building shapes are very complex in our study region. We assume that shapes of these complex buildings can be detected by fitting small rectangles like a chain. Therefore, we divide detected buildings into elongated subparts. Then, we apply our previous rectangular shape detection algorithm to these subparts. In shape detection, we consider Canny edges of Ikonos image to fit rectangular boxes. After merging all detected rectangles, we detect shapes of even very complex building structures. Finally, using detected building shapes, we refine building edges in the DEM and smooth the noise on building rooftops. We believe that the implemented enhancement will not only provide better visual three-dimensional urban region representation, but also will lead to detailed change and damage investigations.