Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Breast Cancer Risk by Menopausal Status, Body Mass Index, and Hormonal Receptor in Korea

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been suggested to be associated with breast cancer. However, the roles of HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia on breast cancer still have been controversial. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between HDL-C with breast cancer risk, stratifying by menopausal status, and body mass index. The hormonal receptor status of breast has been proposed to modify the effect of HDL-C on breast cancer. Multicenter hospital-based case-control study was conducted from November 2004 to December 2005 in Korea. After one to two individual matchings by age (±5 years) and menopausal status, 690 cases and 1,380 controls were included in the analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by conditional, unconditional, and multinomial logistic regressions. Protective effect of HDL-C on breast cancer was only observed among premenopausal women with an OR (95% CI) of 0.49 (0.33-0.72) for HDL-C ≥60 versus <50 mg/dL (Ptrend < 0.01). Only nonobese premenopausal women had a significant decreased risk (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.22-0.53). OR (95% CI) of low HDL-C (<50 mg/dL) and high triglyceride (TG; ≥150 mg/dL) category was 2.20 (1.32-3.67) on estrogen receptor-negative and progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer compared with high HDL-C (≥50 mg/dL) and low TG (<150 mg/dL) category. This study suggests that higher level of HDL-C may reduce breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. Estrogen receptor-negative and progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer was associated with dyslipidemia, which implicates that association among HDL-C, TG, and breast cancer may be modified by receptor status. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):508–15)
Programming by Optimisation

When creating software, developers often explore various ways of achieving certain tasks. Traditionally, these alternatives are eliminated or abandoned early in the process, based on the idea that the flexibility afforded by them would be difficult or impossible to exploit effectively by developers or users. Here, we challenge this view and advocate an approach that encourages developers to not only avoid premature commitment to certain design choices, but to actively develop promising alternatives for parts of the design. In this paradigm, dubbed Programming by Optimisation (PbO), developers specify a potentially large design space of programs that accomplish a given tasks, from which then versions of the program optimised for various application contexts are obtained automatically; per-instance selectors and parallel portfolios of programs can be obtained from the same design space (i.e., from exactly the same sources). We describe a simple, generic programming language extension that supports the specification of such design spaces and discuss ways in which specific programs that perform well in a given use context can be obtained from these specifications by using relatively simple source code transformations and powerful design optimisation methods. Using PbO, human experts can focus on the creative task of thinking about possible mechanisms for solving given problems or subproblems, while the tedious and boring task of determining what works best in a given use context is performed automatically, substituting human labour by computation. We believe that PbO provides an attractive way of creating software whose performance can be effectively adapted to a wide range of use contexts; it also enables the principled empirical investigation of the impact of design choices on performance, of the interaction between design choices and of the suitability of design choices in specific use contexts.
The Grand Challenges in GI Tract Cancers

Historically, the founding paradigm has been that cancers of the gastrointestinal tract are preceded by a pre-invasive stage of intraepi-thelial neoplasia. From the morphological standpoint the term “dysplasia” has been conventionally applied to the collection of changes in cellular morphology and tissue architecture that define intraepithelial neo-plasia. Although morphologically different according to the specific GI tract anatomic location (Barrett-associated, gastritis- and non-gastritis-associated, adenomatous and serrated dysplasia; Odze et al., 2010 ) the sever -ity of intraepithelial neoplasia is estimated from the degree of deviation from the normal tissue of origin, and the neoplastic process has been thought to progress univocally toward carcinoma through dysplasia of increasing severity. There now exists evidence to con-strue the natural history of tumor progression in GI tract in accordance with a stochastic model, in which each stage is probabilistically linked with different evolutive pathways (pro-gression, stabilization, regression) rather than deterministically associated with the onset of carcinoma (Risio, 2010). Moreover, even if biological reasons support dysplasia as the most predictive marker of the cancerization risk, the links between non-morphological features of precursors and their malignant transformation is greater than the one link-ing dysplasia and malignancy, at least in the colonic carcinogenesis. New biomarkers are therefore needed, to define the magnitude of risk and the times of progression for each step of tumorigenesis, in order to ration-ally schedule surveillance and follow-up of patients with diagnosed GI tract neoplasia and to plan suitable population-based cancer prevention interventions.
A simple ultra-wideband antenna with two frequency rejection bands

This paper presents a simple ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with two frequency rejection bands. The two frequency rejection bands are obtained by using a pair of parallel coupling lines (PCL) and a loaded arc-shaped stub (ASS). The parallel coupling lines are inserted into the circular ring radiation patch, which is to produce the lower notch band at 3.5 GHz WiMAX band, while the loaded arc-shaped stub is connected to the coplanar waveguide (CPW) ground plane which is designed to give a higher notch at 5.5GHz WLAN band. Simulated results demonstrated that the proposed antenna can not only cover the entire UWB communication band but also have dual frequency rejection bands, which is suitable for indoor UWB communication applications.
Individual variation in endocrine systems: moving beyond the ‘tyranny of the Golden Mean’

Twenty years ago, Albert Bennett published a paper in the influential book New directions in ecological physiology arguing that individual variation was an ‘underutilized resource’. In this paper, I review our state of knowledge of the magnitude, mechanisms and functional significance of phenotypic variation, plasticity and flexibility in endocrine systems, and argue for a renewed focus on inter-individual variability. This will provide challenges to conventional wisdom in endocrinology itself, e.g. re-evaluation of relatively simple, but unresolved questions such as structure–function relationships among hormones, binding globulins and receptors, and the functional significance of absolute versus relative hormone titres. However, there are also abundant opportunities for endocrinologists to contribute solid mechanistic understanding to key questions in evolutionary biology, e.g. how endocrine regulation is involved in evolution of complex suites of traits, or how hormone pleiotropy regulates trade-offs among life-history traits. This will require endocrinologists to embrace the raw material of adaptation (heritable, individual variation and phenotypic plasticity) and to take advantage of conceptual approaches widely used in evolutionary biology (selection studies, reaction norms, concepts of evolutionary design) as well as a more explicit focus on the endocrine basis of life-history traits that are of primary interest to evolutionary biologists (cf. behavioural endocrinology).
Evolving a multiagent coordination strategy using Genetic Network Programming for pursuit domain

The design and development of strategies to coordinate the actions of multiple agents is a central research issue in the field of multiagent systems (MAS). It is nearly impossible to identify or prove the existence of the best coordination strategy. In most cases a coordination strategy is chosen for a domain, if it is reasonably good. In this paper, we propose a new design methodology using genetic network programming (GNP) to evolve a coordination strategy for a well-known and difficult-to-solve multiagent problem named pursuit domain where cooperation of agents is required. Genetic network programming (GNP) is a newly developed evolutionary computation inspired from genetic programming (GP). While GP uses a tree structure as genes of an individual, GNP uses a directed graph type structure. We show the effectiveness of proposed methodology through simulations. In addition, the comparison of the performances between GNP and GP is carried out. The results show that performance of GNP solution is significantly superior to GP solution.
Echocardiography Can Identify Patients With Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance by Assessing Pressure Reflection in the Pulmonary Circulation

Background—Pulmonary hypertension is a frequent finding in patients with cardiopulmonary disorders. It is important to recognize pulmonary hypertension due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), as this affects treatment and prognosis. Patients with increased PVR have an increased pulmonary pressure reflection. We hypothesized that pressure reflection can be described by echocardiography and that variables related to pressure reflection can identify patients with increased PVR. Methods and Results—The study comprised 98 patients investigated within 24 hours of right heart catheterization and 20 control subjects. The pressure reflection variables were obtained by pulsed Doppler in the pulmonary artery and continuous Doppler of tricuspid regurgitation. We selected 3 variables related to pressure reflection: the interval from valve opening to peak velocity in the pulmonary artery (AcT, ms), the interval between pulmonary artery peak velocity and peak tricuspid velocity (tPV-PP, ms), and the right ventricular pressure increase after peak velocity in the pulmonary artery (augmented pressure, AP, mm Hg). The correlation between simultaneous catheter- and echocardiography-determined AP was strong (n=19, R=0.83). The AcT, tPV-PP, and AP in patients with a PVR of >3 Woods units (n=71) was (mean±SD) 77±16 ms, 119±36 ms, and 22±12 mm Hg, respectively, and differed from patients with a PVR of ≤3 Woods units (n=27, P<0.0001), 111±32 ms, 39±54 ms, and 3±4 mm Hg, and from controls, 153±32 ms, −19±45 ms, and 0 mm Hg, respectively (P<0.0001). The AcT, tPV-PP, and AP values were not correlated with capillary wedge pressure (R=0.08–0.16). The areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (95% CI) for AcT, tPV-PP, and AP were 0.87 (0.82 to 0.95), 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99), and 0.98 (0.95 to 1.0), respectively. Conclusions—In this study, we describe a novel echocardiography method for assessing pressure reflection in the pulmonary circulation. This method can be used to identify patients with pulmonary hypertension due to increased PVR.
Preliminary study on power consumption of typical home network devices

This document reports on our preliminary study of the power consumption of typical household networking equipment under different operational modes. Three ADSL modems are studied: Cisco 837, Linksys AG041 and Linksys WAG54G. We consider each modem’s power consumption when it is being in the Minimum Load (powered on with no physical ADSL/Ethernet connections), Idle (powered on with ADSL/Ethernet connection but no user-ininitated traffic) and Loaded (with a high packet per second link load and loaded NAT table). For the ADSL/Wireless Linksys WAG54G modem, we also consider its power consumption when receiving and transmitting packets. In the Minimum Load, the Linksys AG041 consumes the most power, followed by the Cisco 837. The Linksys WAG54G consumes the least power. A loaded link tends to increase the power consumption of the Cisco 837 modem, and reduce that of the two Linksys modems compared to the Idle state. Loaded NAT tables increase the power consumption of the two Linksys modems, yet slightly reduce that of the Cisco 837. Transmitting using the wireless interface of the Linksys WAG54G with a high bit rate consumes significantly greater power than receiving traffic. Also in this document, our test methodologies, testbed setup, equipment specifications and equipment calibration are described.
Leveraging SNOMED CT with a General Purpose Terminology Server

General purpose terminology server software facilitates coordinated use of multiple standard medical terminologies for diverse healthcare applications. SNOMED CT is an important clinical reference terminology, whose size and scope make advanced terminology server capabilities particularly useful. Moreover, capabilities tied to SNOMED CT’s special features and requirements can result in substantial further benefits. Enhancements to a general purpose terminology server have been developed to facilitate the tailored creation, validation, organization, deployment, distribution, submission and maintenance of (postcoordinated) extensions to SNOMED CT.
A New Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for EPON-WiMAX Hybrid Access Networks

Integration between Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a promising solution for next generation access networks. In this paper, we devise a new architecture framework for EPON-WiMAX hybrid networks that is more reliable and extend the service coverage range. In addition, we propose a new bandwidth allocation algorithm for the proposed architecture that provides per-stream QoS protection, bandwidth guarantee for real-time flows and improves the overall system performance. Through intensive simulations, we show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and bandwidth allocation algorithm.
Unusual regioversatility of acetyltransferase Eis, a cause of drug resistance in XDR-TB

The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global threat. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used as a last resort to treat XDR-TB. Resistance to the aminoglycoside kanamycin is a hallmark of XDR-TB. Here, we reveal the function and structure of the mycobacterial protein Eis responsible for resistance to kanamycin in a significant fraction of kanamycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. We demonstrate that Eis has an unprecedented ability to acetylate multiple amines of many aminoglycosides. Structural and mutagenesis studies of Eis indicate that its acetylation mechanism is enabled by a complex tripartite fold that includes two general control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5)-related N-acetyltransferase regions. An intricate negatively charged substrate-binding pocket of Eis is a potential target of new antitubercular drugs expected to overcome aminoglycoside resistance.
Low dose radiation-induced adaptive response preventing HPRT mutation is Fhit independent

Purpose: To study whether fragile histidine triad (Fhit) prevents IR-induced hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mutation and whether Fhit plays any role in preventing HPRT mutation through low dose-induced adaptive response. Materials and methods: Establishing human cell lines with or without Fhit expression by making constructs expressing hemagglutinin (HA) alone or HA-Fhit fusion protein and transfecting the vector to HeLa cells. The effects of Fhit on ionising radiation (IR)-induced mutation were examined by observing HPRT mutation rates in the established cell lines following different doses of IR. The role of Fhit on low dose IR-induced adaptive response were examined by observing HPRT mutation rates in the established cell lines that were exposed to 0.1 Gy and followed with high dose IR or ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Results: Low dose (0.1 Gy) does not affect HPRT mutation rates in these cell lines. Fhit prevents high dose IR (≥2 Gy)-induced mutation as it prevents UV-induced mutation. However, low dose of IR (0.1 Gy)-induced adaptive response prevents both high doses of IR and UV-induced mutation in both the cells with and without Fhit expression. Conclusions: Fhit prevents IR-induced HPRT mutation and preventing mutation through low dose of IR-induced adaptive response is Fhit independent.
A Novel Hybrid Focused Crawling Algorithm to Build Domain-Specific Collections

The Web, containing a large amount of useful information and resources, is expanding rapidly. Collecting domain-specific documents/information from the Web is one of the most important methods to build digital libraries for the scientific community. Focused Crawlers can selectively retrieve Web documents relevant to a specific domain to build collections for domain-specific search engines or digital libraries. Traditional focused crawlers normally adopting the simple Vector Space Model and local Web search algorithms typically only find relevant Web pages with low precision. Recall also often is low, since they explore a limited sub-graph of the Web that surrounds the starting URL set, and will ignore relevant pages outside this sub-graph. In this work, we investigated how to apply an inductive machine learning algorithm and meta-search technique, to the traditional focused crawling process, to overcome the above mentioned problems and to improve performance. We proposed a novel hybrid focused crawling framework based on Genetic Programming (GP) and meta-search. We showed that our novel hybrid framework can be applied to traditional focused crawlers to accurately find more relevant Web documents for the use of digital libraries and domain-specific search engines. The framework is validated through experiments performed on test documents from the Open Directory Project [22]. Our studies have shown that improvement can be achieved relative to the traditional focused crawler if genetic programming and meta-search methods are introduced into the focused crawling process.
Track globally, deliver locally: improving content delivery networks by tracking geographic social cascades

Providers such as YouTube offer easy access to multimedia content to millions, generating high bandwidth and storage demand on the Content Delivery Networks they rely upon. More and more, the diffusion of this content happens on online social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, where social cascades can be observed when users increasingly repost links they have received from others. In this paper we describe how geographic information extracted from social cascades can be exploited to improve caching of multimedia files in a Content Delivery Network. We take advantage of the fact that social cascades can propagate in a geographically limited area to discern whether an item is spreading locally or globally. This informs cache replacement policies, which utilize this information to ensure that content relevant to a cascade is kept close to the users who may be interested in it. We validate our approach by using a novel dataset which combines social interaction data with geographic information: we track social cascades of YouTube links over Twitter and build a proof-of-concept geographic model of a realistic distributed Content Delivery Network. Our performance evaluation shows that we are able to improve cache hits with respect to cache policies without geographic and social information.
Curating Digital Media-Next Generation of Japanese Media Art &amp; Exhibition

In 1960s, Japanese digital artists were already introduced internationally by their pioneering works. In 2002, digital/media art became the required course of junior-high/high school art classes, and digital art expressions including computer graphics have been in the ascendant to show the broader diversity than ever. Like other Asian countries, government has started supporting the media art contents and today's Japanese art students, whose works have been highly evaluated even overseas, to enter a new phase. I would like to report on the current situations of media art education and support system for media art in Japan and consider the future of upcoming talents, by examining examples; Japan Media Arts Festival and also quote the experience of many exhibitions on media art for over ten years, at the Images & technology Gallery in Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, which founded as a public institution of image media
Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Using Density Functional Theory

The electronic properties of zigzag (n,0) and armchair (n,n) single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been studied using ab‐initio density functional theory. We investigate the effect of diameter/length on binding energy/atom and Homo‐Lumo gap of zigzag SWNTs from (3,0) to (7,0) and armchair SWNTs from (3,3) to (7,7) with two ends open. B.E/atom decreases with increase in length of all the tubes leading to the stability of long tubes. Band gap decreases with increasing length of zigzag and armchair CNTs, but decrease is not monotonic. The ab–initio calculations were performed using SIESTA code using generalized gradient approximation (GGA).
Formal basis for the refinement of rule based transition systems

Abstract This paper makes a contribution to the refinement of systems which involve search by proposing a simple non-deterministic model for rule based transition systems and using this to define a meaning for rule based refinement which allows each stage of the software development path to be verified with respect to the previous stage. The proposal allows a system which involves search to be specified in terms of all the possible outcomes. Each stage of refinement will introduce complexity to the rules and therefore develop the search space in ever more sophisticated ways. At each stage of the refinement it will be possible to be precise about which collections of outcomes have been deleted, thereby achieving a verified (prototype) implementation.
2.6 A 190.5GHz mode-switching VCO with 20.7% continuous tuning range and maximum power of −2.1dBm in 0.13µm BiCMOS

Wideband mm-Wave and terahertz (THz) applications, including high data-rate communications, high-resolution radar and spectroscopy, require wideband signal sources. Nevertheless, low quality factor of varactors and lossy switches in addition to relatively large parasitic capacitors of transistors have been limiting the tuning range of voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) at these frequencies. To overcome these challenges, harmonic VCOs using high harmonic numbers and switched-capacitor banks at much lower fundamental frequencies were reported [1]. The drawback to this approach is the limited output power since the extracted harmonic number is typically high. Other tuning techniques such as phase/delay control between coupled oscillators and tuning boosting using transformer-based resonators were also reported [2-4]. However, the highest reported tuning range for VCOs above 150GHz is not more than 12.5%, which covers a small portion of the bandwidth available at high mm-Wave and THz frequencies.