Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality of university teachers according to the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm) as related to their assessment of their university as an organizational setting

The present study considers possible relations between personality and orgnizational-assessment variables. Subjects in a stratified sample of 114 university teachers, 36 women and 78 men, were examined using the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm), a percept-genetic technique. They also made assessment of their university as an organization. Two data sets were formed initially, the one considering of 18 DMTm variables and the other of these variables together with gender. In total 34 factor analyses were performed, each involving the inclusion, together with the data set in question, of a different one of the 17 organizational variables which were employed. Affect anxiety (DMTm) was found in factors together with ratings of organizational variables of openness/diversity, developmental orientation, planning/clarity, workload pressure (negative sign), personal attitude toward the superior, change-centeredness of the superior and organizational climate. Identity anxiety (DMTm) was found in a factor together with organizational climate (negative sign); repression 3 (DMTm) in a factor together with academic values, human orientation and formalization/centralization (negative sign); projected introaggression (DMTm) in a factor together with employee-centeredness of the superior (negative sign); and denial through reversal III (DMTm) in a factor together with structural orientation, formalization/centralization and sufficiency of resources (negative sign). The results were found to be interpretable in terms of the Andersson model of the mind and to support the usefulness of the type of data treatment employed. (Less)
Evolution of audiometry: Clinical testing of a new tablet audiometer

A clinical study was conducted to determine the accuracy of audiometric thresholds measured using tablet audiometry. The results were compared to those obtained with accepted conventional conditioned play audiometry (CPA). The study was conducted on a population of 85 patients with normal or abnormal hearing, aged 3-16, at the Audiology Clinic at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario. All participants completed two audiometric evaluations, one with the tablet audiometer and one with conventional CPA and the order of the test was determined at random. 55 subjects were identified by the conventional CPA test to have normal hearing. Of these, 52 were correctly identified with tablet audiometry, the remaining 3 children scoring slightly outside the parameters defined for normal hearing. For patients who had separate left-right ear assessments, a repeated measures model for the threshold in each ear at each frequency was fitted using linear mixed effects modeling.
Title A dynamic flowgraph methodology approach based on binary decision diagrams

The dynamic flowgraph methodology (DFM) is an approach to model and analyze the behavior of dynamic systems for reliability assessment. The methodology can be utilized to identify how certain postulated top events may occur in a system. The result is a set of prime implicants which represent system faults resulting from diverse combinations of software logic errors, hardware failures, human errors, and adverse environmental conditions. A binary decision diagram (BDD) is a data structure used to represent Boolean functions applied, e.g., in fault tree analysis and model checking. This paper presents an alternative DFM approach based on BDD called YADRAT. The objective of a YADRAT model analysis is to find the root causes of the query (top event) of interest, similarly to traditional fault tree analysis. The main difference of YADRAT compared to the existing DFM approach is that YADRAT employs a BDD to represent a DFM model. Two different approaches to solving a BDD model have been implemented for exact computation of prime implicants. These approaches have previously been applied in static failure tree analysis. In this work the ideas for prime implicant calculation are adapted to a dynamic reliability approach combined with the multi-valued logic of DFM. In this paper the basic concepts and algorithms of YADRAT and the identified strengths and limitations of the employed approach are discussed. Also a case study illustrating the usage of YADRAT and a comparison of computational effort between two BDD implementations is presented.
Crowd of Virtual Humans: a New Approach for Real Time Navigation in Complex and Structured Environments

The navigation activity is an every day practice for any human being capable of locomotion. Our objective in this work is to reproduce this crucial human activity inside virtual environments. Putting together the high complexity of a realistic environment such as a city, a big amount of virtual humans and the real‐time constraint requires to optimize each aspect of the animation process. In this paper, we present a suitable topological structuring of the geometric environment to allow fast path finding as well as an efficient reactive navigation algorithm for virtual humans evolving inside a crowd.
Training in Spain: an evaluation of the continuous training agreements (1993 – 2001) with particular reference to SMEs

The paper examines the impact of a new national training system upon continuous training in Spain, a traditionally low-performing economy in terms of skills development. It locates the discussion in the context of relevant literature on contemporary national training models and identifies the main features of the Spanish system. The paper then goes on to evaluate the impact of the system on training provision in terms of quantity, quality and access. It suggests that the most important contribution of the system has been in extending the opportunities for skills development for workers in SMEs and that key factors in this contribution have been the involvement of the social partners and the development of a supply-driven offer. Its main contribution is to show that, in a flexible labour market, in which SMEs predominate, a high level of intervention by intermediary organizations and, in particular, the social partners is a necessary precondition for improving skills development, notwithstanding the dysfunctions associated with such intervention.
Males' evolutionary responses to experimental removal of sexual selection

We evaluated the influence of pre– and post–copulatory sexual selection upon male reproductive traits in a naturally promiscuous species, Drosophila melanogaster. Sexual selection was removed in two replicate populations through enforced monogamous mating with random mate assignment or retained in polyandrous controls. Monogamous mating eliminates all opportunities for mate competition, mate discrimination, sperm competition, cryptic female choice and, hence, sexual conflict. Levels of divergence between lines in sperm production and male fitness traits were quantified after 38–81 generations of selection. Three a priori predictions were tested: (i) male investment in spermatogenesis will be lower in monogamy–line males due to the absence of sperm competition selection, (ii) due to the evolution of increased male benevolence, the fitness of females paired with monogamy–line males will be higher than that of females paired with control–line males, and (iii) monogamy–line males will exhibit decreased competitive reproductive success relative to control–line males. The first two predictions were supported, whereas the third prediction was not. Monogamy males evolved a smaller body size and the size of their testes and the number of sperm within the testes were disproportionately further reduced. In contrast, the fitness of monogamous males (and their mates) was greater when reproducing in a non–competitive context: females mated once with monogamous males produced offspring at a faster rate and produced a greater total number of surviving progeny than did females mated to control males. The results indicate that sexual selection favours the production of increased numbers of sperm in D. melanogaster and that sexual selection favours some male traits conferring a direct cost to the fecundity of females.
Identification of a human endothelial cell antigen with monoclonal antibody 44G4 produced against a pre-B leukemic cell line.

Staining of a variety of human tissue sections (lymph node, tonsil, spleen, thymus, kidney, lung, and liver) by the indirect immunoperoxidase method indicated that mAb 44G4, produced against a human pre-B leukemic cell line, was strongly reactive with vascular endothelium. All other cell types observed in these tissues were unreactive. Immunofluorescence staining of endothelial cells isolated from umbilical cord vein and grown in culture confirmed that mAb 44G4 recognized a surface membrane component of vascular endothelium. Granulocytes, monocytes, B and T lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes cultured in the presence of PHA for 72 h did not express the 44G4 Ag. mAb 44G4 reacted weakly with leukemic cells from 28 of 41 patients with non-T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and 4 of 7 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia, whereas 8 of 10 cases of T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia were negative. Moderate reactivity with leukemic cell lines of pre-B and myelomonocytic origin was also observed. The level of 44G4 Ag on umbilical endothelial cells was three to five times that of leukemic cell lines and 25 times the average levels observed on leukemic cells isolated from patients. Immunoprecipitation of lysates prepared from surface-iodinated endothelial cells and the immunizing pre-B leukemic cell line revealed that the 44G4 Ag from both cell types was composed of two subunits of apparent m.w. 95,000 linked by disulfide bond(s). Comparison of the cellular localization and subunit structure of 44G4 to that of known Ag suggests that it represents a previously undescribed marker of endothelial cells.
Study of CAN-to-3GPP LTE gateway architecture for automotive safety in V2I environment

To realize the V2I communication technology based on 3GPP LTE infrastructure, the gateway is required to connected 3GPP network to in-vehicle communication system. The gateway must be suitable for the legacy vehicle E/E systems and functional safety requirements. In this paper, I describe the architecture of CAN-to-3GPP LTE gateway to fit those requirements. CAN is the general purpose communication system in the automobile domain to connect and control vehicle E/E systems.
Opening of pannexin- and connexin-based channels increases the excitability of nodose ganglion sensory neurons

Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are the main glia in sensory ganglia. They surround neuronal bodies and form a cap that prevents the formation of chemical or electrical synapses between neighboring neurons. SGCs have been suggested to establish bidirectional paracrine communication with sensory neurons. However, the molecular mechanism involved in this cellular communication is unknown. In the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes present connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels and pannexin1 (Panx1) channels, and the opening of these channels allows the release of signal molecules, such as ATP and glutamate. We propose that these channels could play a role in glia-neuron communication in sensory ganglia. Therefore, we studied the expression and function of Cx43 and Panx1 in rat and mouse nodose-petrosal-jugular complexes (NPJcs) using confocal immunofluorescence, molecular and electrophysiological techniques. Cx43 and Panx1 were detected in SGCs and in sensory neurons, respectively. In the rat and mouse, the electrical activity of vagal nerve increased significantly after nodose neurons were exposed to a Ca2+/Mg2+-free solution, a condition that increases the open probability of Cx hemichannels. This response was partially mimicked by a cell-permeable peptide corresponding to the last 10 amino acids of Cx43 (TAT-Cx43CT). Enhanced neuronal activity was reduced by Cx hemichannel, Panx1 channel and P2X7 receptor blockers. Moreover, the role of Panx1 was confirmed in NPJc, because in those from Panx1 knockout mice showed a reduced increase of neuronal activity induced by Ca2+/Mg2+-free extracellular conditions. The data suggest that Cx hemichannels and Panx channels serve as paracrine communication pathways between SGCs and neurons by modulating the excitability of sensory neurons.
Disgust and Anorexia Nervosa: confusion between self and non-self

Disgust is recognised as a significant emotion in several psychological conditions, including Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The disgust experience is underpinned by the ability to discriminate between the self and non-self. Self/non-self discrimination is an adaptive, phylogenetic mechanism that facilitates rejection and avoidance of potentially aversive external influences. In this review, AN is conceptualised as a disorder of disrupted self/non-self discrimination, where a disturbed sense of self results in emotional responses characterised by disgust and abhorrence at the self: self-disgust. The features underlying self-/non-self-discriminatory ambiguity in AN are discussed in relation to low interoceptive sensitivity and the possibility of constraints on neuroplasticity in the somatosensory cortex during puberty. The consequences of altered experiences of self, and the emotional response of self-disgust, are considered in relation to core AN symptoms including food restriction and avoidance, and the development of more complex negative emotional responses to the self. Dysfunction in the insular cortex is proposed as the neural correlate associated with these processes, with dysfunction in the insula and associated neurocircuitry occupying a potentially crucial role in the development and maintenance of AN. This review has implications for future AN theory and research, as well as possible treatment approaches.
Identification of the Domains of UreR, an AraC-Like Transcriptional Regulator of the Urease Gene Cluster inProteus mirabilis

ABSTRACT Proteus mirabilis urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to CO2 and NH3, resulting in urinary stone formation in individuals with complicated urinary tract infections. UreR, a member of the AraC family, activates transcription of the genes encoding urease enzyme subunits and accessory proteins,ureDABCEFG, as well as its own transcription in the presence of urea. Based on sequence homology with AraC, we hypothesized that UreR contains both a dimerization domain and a DNA-binding domain. A translational fusion of the leucine zipper dimerization domain (amino acids 302 to 350) of C/EBP and the C-terminal half of UreR (amino acids 164 to 293) activated transcription from the ureD promoter (pureD) and bound to a 60-bp fragment containing pureD, as analyzed by gel shift. These results were consistent with the DNA-binding specificity residing in the C-terminal half of UreR and dimerization being required for activity. To localize the dimerization domain of UreR, a translational fusion of the DNA-binding domain of the LexA repressor (amino acids 1 to 87) and the N-terminal half of UreR (amino acids 1 to 182) was constructed and found to repress transcription from psulA-lacZ (sulA is repressed by LexA) and bind to the sulA operator site, as analyzed by gel shift. Since LexA binds this site only as a dimer, the UreR1–182-LexA1–87 fusion also must dimerize to bind psulA. Indeed, purified UreR-Myc-His eluted from a gel filtration column as a dimer. Therefore, we conclude that the dimerization domain of UreR is located within the N-terminal half of UreR. UreR contains three leucines that mimic the leucines that contribute to dimerization of AraC. Mutagenesis of Leu147, Leu148, or L158 alone did not significantly affect UreR function. In contrast, mutagenesis of both Leu147 and Leu148 or all three Leu residues resulted in a 85 or 94% decrease, respectively, in UreR function in the presence of urea (P < 0.001). On the contrary, His102 and His175 mutations of UreR resulted in constitutive induction in the absence of urea. We conclude that a dimerization domain resides in the N-terminal half of the polypeptide, that Leu residues may contribute to this function, and that sequences within the C-terminal half of UreR are responsible for DNA binding to the urease promoter regions. Selected His residues also contribute significantly to UreR function.
Shoulder impingement in front-crawl swimming: II. Analysis of stroking technique.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the technical causes of shoulder impingement experienced by front-crawl swimmers. METHODS The shoulder movements exhibited during performance of the front-crawl stroke were measured using three-dimensional videography, and the instances at which each shoulder was experiencing impingement were identified. RESULTS On average, impingement occurred 24.8% of the stroke time (%ST). In one or more phases of the stroke cycle, each subject experienced impingement in some trials and not in other trials. This suggests that stroke technique, and not just anatomical differences, accounted for individual susceptibility to shoulder impingement. No significant difference was found between the mean values for %ST for slow and fast stroking speeds and for trials with and without hand paddles. Use of a unilateral breathing technique was often associated with a small magnitude of tilt angle (an effect of the scapular elevation/abduction on one side and depression/adduction on the other side) on the breathing side; in such cases a high incidence of shoulder impingement was observed for the shoulder on the ipsilateral side. Swimmers at high risk of experiencing shoulder impingement had three characteristics in their stroking techniques: (a) a large amount of internal rotation of the arm during the pull phase, (b) a late initiation of external rotation of the arm during the recovery phase, and (c) a small amount of tilt angle. CONCLUSIONS A swimmer should be able to reduce the risk of developing shoulder impingement by altering the technique to eliminate the three characteristics.
Size-Based and Direction-Based TCP Fairness Issues in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

Cross-layer interaction of Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of 802.11 MAC protocol and TCP transport protocol leads to two types of unfairness. In a mixed traffic scenario, short-lived TCP flows suffer from poor performance compared to the aggressive long-lived flows. Since the main source of Internet traffic is small file web transfers, this issue forms a major challenge in current WLANs which is called size-based unfairness. In addition, when sharing an access point bottleneck queue, upstream flows impede the performance of downstream flows resulting in direction-based unfairness. Proposed solutions in the literature mostly rely on size-based scheduling policies. However, each proposed method is able to solve any of these two mentioned aspects, none of them can provide both size-based and direction-based fairness in a unique solution. In this paper, we propose a novel queue management policy called Threshold-Based Least Attained Service-Selective Acknowledgment Filtering (TLAS-SAF). We show analytically and by simulation that TLAS-SAF is capable of providing both direction-based and size-based fairness and can be taken into account as a unique solution to be applied at access point buffers.
Comparing uncertainty aversion towards different sources

We propose simple behavioral definitions of comparative uncertainty aversion for a single agent towards different sources of uncertainty. Our definitions allow for the comparison of utility curvature for different sources if the agent’s choices satisfy subjective expected utility towards each source. We discuss how our definitions can be applied to investigate ambiguity aversion in Klibanoff et al.’s (Econometrica 73(6):1849–1892, 2005) smooth ambiguity model, to study the effects of learning and situational factors on uncertainty preferences, and to compare uncertainty preferences between different agents.
Extraversion and task properties as determinants of incidental recall

The present research investigated in a dual task design the effects of extraversion level and structural task properties on the recall of an incidentally learned text. First, the hypothetical relation between arousal level and attentional selectivity was tested. Second, the relation between structural levels in the text and recall of text elements was studied. It was found that (a) extraverts performed significantly better on incidental recall compared to introverts; (b) the nuclear sentences at the top of the hierarchical structure were the best recalled sentences, independently of arousal level; (c) the effect of differences in arousal on recall was only significant in case of the top sentences. The effect was absent in case of specificúsecondary sentences.
A program integration algorithm that accommodates semantics-preserving transformations

Given a program <italic>Base</italic> and two variants, <italic>A</italic> and <italic>B</italic>, each created by modifying separate copies of <italic>Base</italic>, the goal of program integration is to determine whether the modifications interfere, and if they do not, to create an integrated program that includes both sets of changes as well as the portions of <italic>Base</italic> preserved in both variants. Text-based integration techniques, such as the one used by the UNIX <italic>diff3</italic> utility, are obviously unsatisfactory because one has no guarantees about how the execution behavior of the integrated program relates to the behaviors of <italic>Base</italic>, <italic>A</italic>, and <italic>B</italic>. The first program-integration algorithm to provide such guarantees was developed by Horwitz, Prins, and Reps. However, a limitation of that algorithm is that it incorporates no notion of semantics-preserving transformations. This limitation causes the algorithm to be overly conservative in its definition of interference. For example, if one variant changes the <italic>way</italic> a computation is performed (without changing the values computed) while the other variant adds code that uses the result of the computation, the algorithm would classify those changes as interfering. This paper describes a new integration algorithm that is able to accommodate semantics-preserving transformations.
Internal control, accountability and corporate governance: Medieval and modern Britain compared

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to compare modern internal control systems with those in medieval England. Design/methodology/approach - This paper uses a modern referential framework (control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, monitoring and control activities) as a lens to investigate medieval internal controls used in the twelfth century royal exchequer and other medieval institutions. It draws upon an extensive range of primary materials. Findings - The paper demonstrates that most of the internal controls found today are present in medieval England. Stewardship and personal accountability are found to be the core elements of medieval internal control. The recent recognition of the need for the enhanced personal accountability of individuals is reminiscent of medieval thinking. Originality/value - It investigates internal controls in medieval England for the first time and draws comparisons to today.