Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a joint channel estimation technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has attracted many researchers in the last decade due to the many advantages of this system. The intersymbol interference (ISI) free transmission and the high bit rate are two of the OFDM's advantages. Although, OFDM systems as the other communication systems, they need to estimate the channel state information to reduce the Bit Error Rate (BER), therefore, many estimation techniques have been developed such as the least squares error (LSE). However, these estimation methods involve insertion of pilot tones in the original OFDM signal, where this OFDM signal suffers from the effect of high peak powers when compared to the average power, which known as the peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Hence, a PAPR reduction technique should be employed to overcome the problem without affecting the pilot tones. In this paper, the joint performance of some PAPR-based reduction techniques and the comb-type-based channel estimation method has been proposed and evaluated. The simulation results show that the selected mapping (SLM), amplitude clipping, and the unitary matrix transformation (UMT) based PAPR reduction methods have different effects on the estimated channel, where the SLM did not affected by the pilot tones while the UMT will destroy the pilot tones as like the amplitude clipping, because the SLM did not change the pilot power while the UMT do that, so that, the UMT and clipping methods are not recommended without preprocessing if the OFDM designer needs good estimated channel state information.
Migration and Occupational Mobility: A Research Note 1

This paper investigates whether migration promotes occupational mobility and whether different types of migrants benefit equally from the migration experience. Results from a lagged regression model of 1970 occupational attainment clearly indicate that recent migrants are substantially more likely to be upwardly occupationally mobile than nonmigrants and, among whites, receive greater returns on educational attainment. Previous migration experiences did not uniformly result in greater mobility among whites, but did among blacks. It is suggested that this racial difference is due to blacks experiencing a substantial increase in opportunities for advancement during the 1965–1970 period.
Memantine as an Adjuvant Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Manic Phase of Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Purpose/Background The aim of this study is to examine the effects of memantine as an adjuvant treatment for obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) type I, manic phase. Methods/Procedures In this 16-week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 58 patients in the manic phase of BD who had OC symptoms were randomly allocated to receive memantine or placebo plus their routine medications (lithium + olanzapine + clonazepam). The Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Behavior Scale was used to assess the outcomes. Adverse effects were also recorded. Findings/Results Thirty-eight patients (19 in the memantine group and 19 in the placebo group) completed the trial. Throughout the trial, the mean score decreased from 20.26 ± 5.91 to 9.73 ± 5.44 in the memantine group (P < 0.000) and from 22.89 ± 5.70 to 16.63 ± 4.00 in the placebo group (P < 0.000). At the end of the study, 15 (78.94%) patients in the memantine group and 7 (36.84%) patients in the placebo group demonstrated more than 34% decline in the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Behavior Scale score (P < 0.01). No serious adverse effects were reported. Implications/Conclusions Our double-blind controlled clinical trial showed that memantine is an effective adjuvant agent for reducing OC symptoms in patients with BD. However, it needs to be noted that our study is preliminary, and larger double-blind controlled studies are needed to confirm the results.
3 FEATURES OF COMPUTER-BASED CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT

The purpose of this chapter is to dig deeper into the nature of computer-based clinical decision support, in terms of the ways in which it is or potentially could be used, its design, and its interaction with host environments. I believe that understanding these aspects of CDS is important as a foundation for serious efforts to increase its dissemination and adoption. As pointed out in previous chapters, and as will be explored in more detail in Section II, much of the success with CDS has been with on-off implementations that have been difficult to maintain over time even within their own institutions, more problematic when extended for use throughout a health care enterprise, and only rarely replicated elsewhere despite demonstrated effectiveness. If we are to tackle this issue and break down barriers to dissemination and adoption, we need to know what we are working with, which aspects are most troublesome and how they can be improved, and which components or interfaces can be standardized or made easier to deploy. We also need to understand the human factors and process and workflow implications of CDS use, so that we can determine optimal approaches to invocation and user interface design. An underlying thesis is that CDS has a conceptual architecture comprised of a number of design elements or components. Many kinds of CDS are designed without the architecture being explicit, but I will try to demonstrate that all the design elements nonetheless are present, even if implicit. A second thesis is that CDS does not function in isolation, but rather that it operates in the context of some sort of application environment. However, in the discussion to follow, I will consider the chunk of software that provides CDS as a ‘‘module’’ of software that interacts with the application environment, recognizing full well that often CDS implementations are not modular at all, and that the dividing line between what constitutes CDS and what constitutes the application that invokes it is not clearly defined, so that the two cannot be cleanly separated. Even so, we can think of the functions that are performed as being done by either the application environment or by the CDS software, so that responsibilities for these functions can be assigned to one or the other. These two conceptual idealizations—1) an underlying component architecture for CDS, and 2) modularity of CDS in that its tasks and responsibilities can be separated from those of the application environment with which it interacts—are helpful to better understand how to design CDS in a portable,
Online virtual links resource allocation in Software-Defined Networks

Network virtualization is seen as a key networking paradigm for building diverse network services and architectures over a shared network infrastructure. Assigning network resources to virtual links and, more generally to virtual network topologies, efficiently and on-demand is one of the most challenging components of any network virtualization solution. This paper addresses the problem of on-line resource allocation of multiple virtual links on a Software Defined Network (SDN) infrastructure. The application context that is targeted is primarily the online provisioning of virtual overlay networks even if it can be broadened to address more general virtual networks. Considering an SDN physical infrastructure allows a complete freedom in choosing the optimal physical paths and the associated resources that support the virtual links with no interference from any other network function (such as routing). However, for the time being, forwarding in an SDN network is resource consuming with a noticeable impact on the size of the flow tables. Hence, forwarding (i.e. switching) resources should be carefully considered by the network resource allocation algorithm. This paper proposes a novel Integer-Linear formulation of the above cited problem by taking into account: (1) point-to-point as well as point-to-multipoint virtual links, each with an associated bandwidth requirement and a maximum transfer delay requirement, (2) two types of network resources, namely network links' bandwidth and nodes' switching resources, and (3) optionally, path splitting which allows a virtual link to be established on multiple physical paths. We report preliminary experimental results on a real network topology in an overloaded scenario (bandwidth requests largely exceed network capacity); they show that our algorithm outperforms shortest path heuristics with a gain on the admission rate (of virtual links requests) that ranges from 5 to 15% (compared to the most efficient heuristic) and with a computation time less than a few seconds.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of two community models of care for patients with venous leg ulcers.

AIM To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis based on data from a randomised controlled trial comparing traditional community home nursing with a community Leg Club model for chronic venous leg ulcer management in the south-east metropolitan area of Queensland, Australia. METHOD Participants were randomised to the Leg Club (n=28) or home visits (n=28). Data were obtained on resources/related costs incurred by the service provider, clients and carers, and the community. RESULTS From the collective perspective (service provider, clients and carers, and the community), at six months the incremental cost per healed ulcer was dollars AU515 (Euros 318) and the incremental cost per reduced pain score was dollars AU322 (Euros 199). For the service provider, Leg Club intervention resulted in cost savings and better health effects when compared with home nursing. CONCLUSION On both clinical and economic grounds, the Leg Club model appears to be more cost-effective than traditional home nursing for the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers. However, clients and the local community contribute substantial financial and in-kind support to the operation of both services.
Effects of hyaluronic acid and basic fibroblast growth factor on motility of chondrocytes and synovial cells in culture

The capacity of chondrogenic precursor cells to migrate and proliferate in an injured area is considered to be essential for cartilage repair. We examined cell motility of chondrocytes and synovial cells in monolayer culture and the chemokinetic effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) on these cells. The velocity of chondrocyte migration was accelerated by giving bFGF and simultaneously administering of both HA and bFGF, but it was not affected by HA alone. The velocity of synovial cell migration was increased by HA, but not by bFGF. HA had a chemokinetic effect on synovial cells and bFGF had the same effect on chondrocytes. Treatment with exogenous HA and bFGF may be of value for repairing articular cartilage injury by recruiting chondrogenic cells and promoting migration of chondrocytes in the cartilage tissue.
Effect of Deep Slow Breathing on Pain-Related Variables in Osteoarthritis

This study evaluated the effect of a six-week deep slow breathing (DSB) program on pain, physical function, and heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects with lower extremity joint pain. Twenty subjects were assigned into training (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The training group participated in a six-week DSB program consisting of weekly training sessions and at-home breathing exercises. DSB exercises focused on prolonging the exhalation and the pause following exhalation. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to assess pain and physical function, and HRV data were obtained before and after intervention. Results revealed no significant interactions between group and time for any of the variables. There was no significant main effect for group, but there was a significant main effect (p < 0.025) and a large effect size for time on both pain (η p 2 = 0.454) and physical function (η p 2 = 0.506). There were no significant main effects (p > 0.017) for group and time on LF power (group η p 2 = 0.039, time η p 2 = 0.061), HF power (group η p 2 = 0.039, time η p 2 = 0.039), and LF/HF ratio (group η p 2 = 0.036, time η p 2 = 0.169). Results indicated that the six-week DSB program was not sufficient to alleviate pain or improve physical function in subjects with lower extremity joint pain. Although the pain was not alleviated, other beneficial effects such as better coping with the pain were reported in the majority of training subjects. As this is the first study to examine the use of DSB for lower extremity joint pain and dysfunction, further research is needed to investigate the efficacy and applicability of DSB.
Sinun silmiesi tähden: Katseen havaitsemisen aivomekanismit

Ihmissilmä on ilmiasultaan ainutlaatuinen koko eläinkunnassa. Toisin kuin muilla kädellisillä, ihmisen silmässä on selkeä kontrastirajapinta suhteellisen pienen ja tummasävyisen iiriksen ja sitä ympäröivän valkean kovakalvon välillä. Silmänvalkuaisen osuus silmäaukon koosta on ihmisellä myös suurempi ja silmäaukon muoto soikeampi muihin kädellislajeihin verrattuna (Kobayashi & Kohshima, 1997). Tämä on sikäli hämmästyttävää, että iiriksen ja kovakalvon värillä tai keskinäisen koon suhteella ei ole juurikaan merkitystä silmän optiselle tarkkuudelle. Onkin mahdollista, että silmän ilmiasu on kehittynyt kokonaan jotain muuta tehtävää kuin näkemistä varten. Tumma, pieni iiris laajan, kirkkaanvalkoisen kovakalvon keskellä on helppo paikallistaa, ja sen pienetkin liikkeet on helppo huomata. Tämän ansiosta ihmiset kykenevätkin päättelemään toistensa katsesuunnan huomattavan tarkasti, noin yhden tai kahden kaariasteen tarkkuudella (Gamer & Hecht, 2007). Koska ihmissilmän ilmiasu mahdollistaa tällaisen poikkeuksellisen tarkan katsesuunnan havaitsemisen, on esitetty, että silmät eivät ole evoluution myötä muokkautuneet ainoastaan tarkoiksi aistielimiksi, vaan myöskin tehokkaiksi sosiaalisen viestinnän välineiksi. Kykymme arvioida tarkasti toisten katseen suuntaa mahdollistaakin sosiaalisen tarkkaavaisuuden eli kyvyn tehdä sosiokognitiivisia päätelmiä toisten henkilöiden tarkkaavaisuuden suunnasta (Allison, Puce & McCarthy, 2000; Nummenmaa & Calder, 2009). Tällainen kyky on hyvin tärkeä suurissa, tiiviissä ryhmissä eläville ihmisille, sillä se mahdollistaa toisten yksilöiden toiminnan ennakoimisen. Silmät ovat kirjaimellisesti sielun peili, koska ihmisen katseen suunnan muutokset viestivät lukuisista kognitiivisista ja sosiaalisista prosesseista. Esimerkiksi lukiessa (Rayner, 1998), ympäristöä havainnoidessa (Henderson, 2003) ja siellä liikuttaessa (Hayhoe & Ballard, 2005) katseen suunta heijastaa hetki hetkeltä sekä yksilön tarkkaavaisuuden suuntaa että hänen motiivejaan ja Silmät ovat ihmisille tärkeä sosiaalinen signaali. Katseen suunta ja sen muutokset viestivät erilaisista kognitiivi-
Tactics for providing location privacy against global adversaries in wireless sensor networks

The unprotected surroundings of a sensor network makes relatively easy for an adversary to eavesdrop the network. Even though there is wide range of protocols for providing content privacy, the contextual information remains exposed. So adversary will use this contextual information to perform attack on source node or sink node. The existing methods for location privacy protect the network only against a local eavesdropper. In this backdrop to provide location privacy for source node intervallic gathering and source imitation methods are proposed. Also for preventing sink location privacy sink imitation and backbone flooding methods are proposed. These proposed methods provide location privacy against global adversaries.
The use of internet-mediated cross-sectional studies in mental health research

This article summarises internet-mediated approaches to conducting quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional mental health research, and describes aspects of research design to consider for optimising scientific rigour and validity as well as response. Rapid adoption of internet-mediated approaches risks compromising the quality of the methods used. Not only can it cause distress to participants, but methodological problems may lead to inappropriate inferences being made from research findings. In this article the advantages of using internet communication for research purposes are balanced against the disadvantages, using examples of recent internet-mediated research (IMR) studies to illustrate good practice.
DNA Typing Revealing High HLA-Cw Polymorphism Completes Availability of Major Histocompatibility Complex Loci in Forensic Medicine

Studies of human population genetics in Hungary have revealed relevant heterogeneity in the major histocompatibility complex. In the present studies, two isolated ethnic groups were chosen: people living in the Káli Basin westward from the Danube River, and those living in Ópusztaszer, a village eastward from Danube, who are known as native ancient Hungarians. Blood samples were collected from 70 people in the Káli Basin and from 45 people in Ópusztaszer. The frequency of HLA-Cw alleles was determined by serology as well as by DNA typing in 46 and 32 samples of the two populations, respectively, and in 44 randomly selected subjects of Hungarian origin. Compared with a random population of cadaver donors (the deaths having resulted mostly from accidents or, in a smaller number, strokes or heart infarcts) and voluntary bone marrow donors (typed in the last 10 years) recruited from all parts of Hungary and representing the mixed Hungarian population, remarkable differences were found in haplotype and allele frequencies. HLA-A, -B, -Cw typing was performed by serology and, in the case of the HLA-Cw locus, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-SSP and/or PCR-SSOP techniques, as well. The PCR-SSO oligotyping procedure allowed the identification of 32 Cw alleles in contrast with the 9 serologically detectable types. Because of the combination of low antigen expression and the lack of specific serologic reagents of good quality, no HLA-Cw antigens were detectable in 41%, and only one was detected in 48%, of the investigated individuals by standard serologic typing. With PCR-SSO typing, however, 97% of the investigated individuals proved to be heterozygous for HLA-Cw alleles. The two isolated populations differed from each other, from mixed Hungarian and other Caucasian populations in HLA-Cw* allele frequencies, as well as in haplotype distribution. This newly recognized polymorphism at the HLA-Cw locus completes the availability of major histocompatibility complex typing in forensic science and practice.
An Exploration of Modular Programs

Recently, Mark Jones introduced first class structures as a means to express modular structure. In this paper we elaborate on this idea by comparing the module systems of Standard ML and Haskell 1.3, two widely used functional languages, and a Haskell variant equipped with such first class structures. Moreover, we look at another obvious and well-known extension to Hindley-Milner type systems, namely higher order type variables, to explore its usefulness in solving problems occuring when one attempts to structure larger programs into maintainable pieces. We argue that there are surprisingly few applications where the module system currently provided by Haskell cannot keep pace with Standard ML’s expressiveness. When one adds first class structures to Haskell, the module system reaches the expressiveness of Standard ML and even exceeds it.
Reactive Power Support to PV Grid System Using Voltage Source Converters to Enhance PV Penetration Level

In the distributed generation environment, existing standards impose limits on the allowable feeder voltage variation. These agreements must limit the power penetration level. If the penetration level increases it leads to increased or decreased feeder voltage and causes reverse current flow in the feeder. In order to mitigate this problem we need reactive power support to the feeder. By the use of conventional capacitor or inductor banks we cannot achieve full range of voltage control (voltage regulation). The work proposes a novel scheme containing auxiliary voltage source converter that enables the smooth tracking of reactive power according to the load requirement. The proposed system configuration can conveniently retrofit into the existing system within PV station itself and reliving the utility from additional voltage support burden. It in turns increases the PV penetration level in the feeder. The corresponding modeling, analysis and control design along with MATLAB Simulink results are discussed.
Covalent and Noncovalent Dimers of the Cyanide-Resistant Alternative Oxidase Protein in Higher Plant Mitochondria and Their Relationship to Enzyme Activity

Evidence for a mixed population of covalently and noncovalently associated dimers of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase protein in plant mitochondria is presented. High molecular mass (oxidized) species of the alternative oxidase protein, having masses predicted for homodimers, appeared on immunoblots when the sulfhydryl reductant, dithiothreitol (DTT), was omitted from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel sample buffer. These oxidized species were observed in mitochondria from soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Ransom), Sauromatum guttatum Schott, and mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] R. Wilcz). Reduced species of the alternative oxidase were also present in the same mitochondrial samples. The reduced and oxidized species in isolated soybean cotyledon mitochondria could be interconverted by incubation with the sulfhydryl reagents DTT and azodicarboxylic acid bis(dimethylamide) (diamide). Treatment with chemical cross-linkers resulted in cross-linking of the reduced species, indicating a noncovalent dimeric association among the reduced alternative oxidase molecules. Alternative pathway activity of soybean mitochondria increased following reduction of the alternative oxidase protein with DTT and decreased following oxidation with diamide, indicating that electron flow through the alternative pathway is sensitive to the sulfhydryl/disulfide redox poise. In mitochondria from S. guttatum floral appendix tissue, the proportion of the reduced species increased as development progressed through thermogenesis.
[Gender, age and plasma lipids differences associated with apolipoprotein E polymorphism in school children].

INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism is a genetic determinant of total cholesterol and LDL-c levels. Several studies have examined the relationship between variations at the APO E and cardiovascular disease. It is important to determine this relationship in the Colombian population. OBJECTIVES The relationship of apoE polymorphisms was associated with lipid profile by age and sex. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 500 children aged 8 to 18 years, were selected from school populations in Quindio Province, Colombia. ApoE genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme. Lipid profiles were obtained by commercial kits. RESULTS The apoE allele frequencies were as follows: E3 - 91.6%, E2 - 5.3, and E4 - 3.1%. Genotypic frequencies were as follows: E3/E3 - 90.8%, E2/E3 - 5.6%, and E3/E4 - 3.2%. No homozygotes for E2/E2 and E4/E4 were recovered. Similar genotypic and allelic distribution was found for each gender. ApoE genotype and gender had a significant effect on total serum cholesterol (CT) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-LDL). In boys these variables were related as follows: E4>E3>E2 (p<0.05); in girls the relationships were somewhat changed (E3>E4>E2). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-HDL) levels in boys were related as follows: E2>E4>E3; for girls, E4>E2>E3. In boys, for all variables, the protector effect was in E2; but in girls this allele was only a protector for CT and c-LDL, For triacylglycerol (TAG), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-VLDL) and c-HDL, this the protector effect was associated with the E4 allele, (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggested that modulation of apoE genotype on plasma lipids was influenced by gender and age, especially in girls older than 10 years.