Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Approach and Prognostic Factors of Cancers

When one follows a systematic approach to make a diagnosis of a malignant lesion, it is relatively easy to render a correct cancer diagnosis in most cases during routine daily practice. The first step is to recognize whether or not the specimen contains a lesion and then to determine whether the lesion is neoplastic or non-neoplastic. As a neoplasm is a clonal proliferation, neoplastic conditions are consisted of a single cell type, whereas non-neoplastic conditions consist of multiple different cell types. After determining that a lesion is neoplastic, the next step is to decide whether the neoplasm is of an epithelial origin or mesenchymal origin. The main differences between epithelial tumors and mesenchymal tumors include: (1) The tumor cells in epithelial tumors are oval-round to polygonal, but in mesenchymal tumors, the tumor cells are in general spindle-shaped; (2) Epithelial tumors generally form tumor cell nests, but mesenchymal tumors are arranged diffusely in sheets, without forming tumor cell nests; (3) In epithelial tumors, desmoplastic stroma is well formed in between tumor cell nests, but in mesenchymal tumors there is no desmoplastic stroma; and lastly, (4) feeding vessels open in the stroma in epithelial tumors but open directly between tumor cells in mesenchymal tumors. After this, we can decide whether the tumor is benign or malignant. The differences between benign and malignant tumors include; (1) differentiation, (2) growth rate, (3) growth pattern, and (4) metastasis. A benign tumor is well differentiated, grows slowly, shows expansile growth with encapsulation and does not metastasize. In contrast, a malignant tumor is often poorly differentiated, grows rapidly with many mitoses, shows invasive growth with no capsule and frequently metastasizes. In general, malignant tumors show high cellularity, tumor necrosis and nuclear alterations, which include nuclear enlargement with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, and frequent mitoses. The final step is to classify the type of tumor based on the cellular differentiation and gross and microscopic growth pattern based on the light microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. For the correct identification of the tumor, immunostaining, molecular diagnostic tools, or possibly electron microscopic evaluation may be required. After making a diagnosis of malignancy, one should then consider the relevant prognostic factors. The 2 well-known prognostic factors (category I prognostic factors) important in almost all tumors include stage and grade. Therefore, information for regarding stage and grade should be included in the pathology report.
Circumstances and consequences of falls in community-dwelling older women.

AIMS To describe the circumstances and consequences of falls reported by community-dwelling older women. METHODS This prospective study collected data for approximately 2 years for women aged>or=70 years at risk for falling who were enrolled in the Fall Evaluation and Prevention Program. RESULTS Participants (263) completed a median of 24 months of follow-up. A total of 143 participants reported 341 falls; 70 reported 1 fall, and 73 reported 2 or more. A majority of falls (62%) occurred in/around the home, primarily during the daytime, and in living rooms or kitchens/dining rooms. Falls frequently occurred while walking, carrying objects, or reaching/leaning. Many falls did not result in injury (53%); however, 31% resulted in minor injuries, 10% in moderate injuries, and 6% in major injuries. Soft tissue injuries were common, and 5% of falls resulted in fractures. Nine falls resulted in hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS The high rate of injurious falls seen here and the detailed information on activity at the time of the fall emphasize the need to increase awareness of behaviors and the environment to reduce fall risk. Previous studies have identified risk factors for falls, some of which cannot be modified, such as age or gender. In contrast, this study describes the activity at the time of the fall: many falls occur in the home environment, some with modifiable circumstances.
Carbon Monoxide Production from Sevoflurane Breakdown: Modeling of Exposures Under Clinical Conditions

Isoflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane, and especially desflurane produce carbon monoxide (CO) during reaction with desiccated absorbents. Of these, sevoflurane is the least studied. We investigated the dependence of CO production from sevoflurane on absorbent temperature, minute ventilation (Ve), and fresh gas flow rates. We measured absorbent temperature and in vitro CO concentrations when desiccated Baralyme reacted with 1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of (2.1%) sevoflurane at 2.3-, 5.0-, and 10.0-L Ve. Mathematical modeling of carboxyhemoglobin concentrations was performed using an existing iterative method. Rapid breakdown of sevoflurane prevented the attainment of 1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration with low fresh gas flow rates. CO concentrations increased with Ve and with absorbent temperatures exceeding 80°C, but concentrations decreased with higher fresh gas flow rates. Average CO concentrations were 150 and 600 ppm at 2.3- and 5.0-L Ve; however, at 10 L, over 11,000 ppm of CO were produced followed by an explosion and fire. Methanol and formaldehyde were present and may have contributed to the flammable mixture but were not quantitated. Mathematical modeling of exposures indicates that in average cases, only patients ≤25 kg, or severely anemic patients, are at risk of carboxyhemoglobin concentrations >10% during the first 60 min of anesthesia.
Control of Flowering and Cell Fate by LIF2, an RNA Binding Partner of the Polycomb Complex Component LHP1

Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRC) modulate the epigenetic status of key cell fate and developmental regulators in eukaryotes. The chromo domain protein LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (LHP1) is a subunit of a plant PRC1-like complex in Arabidopsis thaliana and recognizes histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, a silencing epigenetic mark deposited by the PRC2 complex. We have identified and studied an LHP1-Interacting Factor2 (LIF2). LIF2 protein has RNA recognition motifs and belongs to the large hnRNP protein family, which is involved in RNA processing. LIF2 interacts in vivo, in the cell nucleus, with the LHP1 chromo shadow domain. Expression of LIF2 was detected predominantly in vascular and meristematic tissues. Loss-of-function of LIF2 modifies flowering time, floral developmental homeostasis and gynoecium growth determination. lif2 ovaries have indeterminate growth and produce ectopic inflorescences with severely affected flowers showing proliferation of ectopic stigmatic papillae and ovules in short-day conditions. To look at how LIF2 acts relative to LHP1, we conducted transcriptome analyses in lif2 and lhp1 and identified a common set of deregulated genes, which showed significant enrichment in stress-response genes. By comparing expression of LHP1 targets in lif2, lhp1 and lif2 lhp1 mutants we showed that LIF2 can either antagonize or act with LHP1. Interestingly, repression of the FLC floral transcriptional regulator in lif2 mutant is accompanied by an increase in H3K27 trimethylation at the locus, without any change in LHP1 binding, suggesting that LHP1 is targeted independently from LIF2 and that LHP1 binding does not strictly correlate with gene expression. LIF2, involved in cell identity and cell fate decision, may modulate the activity of LHP1 at specific loci, during specific developmental windows or in response to environmental cues that control cell fate determination. These results highlight a novel link between plant RNA processing and Polycomb regulation.
Analyzing Hand Therapy Success in a Web-Based Therapy System

After an injury, hand therapy should help regaining the full functionality of the hand, wrist and fingers. The application we developed helps a therapist in tracking the success of the therapy. Using the Leap Motion device as a basis, we calculate the individual finger joint angles. A second subsystem measures the angles between the fingers. This data is used to derive a report on the fingers‘ adduction and abduction during the therapy. The third subsystem detects the wrist rotation angles. Three algorithms were designed to detect the patient hand data, which the system feeds it to the three subsystems, the final algorithm max average error is 5.6 degrees, while the average max error is 9.3 degrees. The web-based system is part of a therapy support system, which allows patients to do their exercise at home and record their individual success.
Importing Agent-like Interaction in Object Orientation

This paper begins with the comparison of the message-sending mechanism, for communication among agents, and the method-invocation mechanism, for communication among objects. Then, we describe an extension of the methodinvocation mechanism by introducing the notion of “sender” of a message, “state” of the interaction and “protocol” using the notion of “role”, as it has been introduced in the powerJava extension of Java. The use of roles in communication is shown by means of an example of protocol.
Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Use of protective stents may not be effective in coil embolization of wide-neck aneurysms involving the posterior communicating artery. Successful implementation depends on the caliber of the vessel, its angle of origin, and the manner in which its orifice is incorporated into the aneurysm. Presented here are the results (clinical and radiographic) of coil embolization in aneurysms of the ICA-posterior communicating artery junction, variably aided by stents. The primary focus is angiographic configurations that impact stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a prospective data repository, we retrieved records of 32 consecutive patients with 33 posterior communicating artery aneurysms, all of which were treated by stent-assisted coil embolization between June 2008 and August 2012. Outcomes were analyzed in terms of aneurysm configuration and clinical status. RESULTS: Stents were positioned entirely in the ICA (n = 26), from the ICA to the posterior communicating artery (n = 2), in the posterior communicating artery only (n = 3), and retrograde from the posterior communicating artery to the ICA terminus (n = 2). Procedure-related complications occurred in 3 patients (9.1%), but only 1 (3.0%) had mild neurologic sequelae (Glasgow Outcome Score 4). Using coil embolization, we achieved successful occlusion in 24 aneurysms (72.7%), and in 9 others, subtotal occlusion was conferred. During a mean follow-up of 15.7 ± 10.7 months, imaging of 27 aneurysms documented stable occlusion in 19 (70.4%), whereas angiography of 15 aneurysms (39.5%) disclosed 2 instances of in-stent stenosis (13.3%) and a solitary occurrence of stent migration (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS: In posterior communicating artery aneurysms, stent protection during coil embolization is feasible by adjusting the procedural strategy to accommodate differing configurations of the aneurysm and its vascular source.
Ansiedad ante los exámenes. ¿Qué se evalúa y cómo?

En este trabajo se revisa un conjunto de instrumentos de medicion de “ansiedad ante los examenes”, una reaccion emocional que las personas presentan ante situaciones en las que sus aptitudes son evaluadas y cuya caracteristica definitoria es la preocupacion recurrente por el posible fracaso o mal rendimiento en la tarea y sus consecuencias. Se analizaron las bases conceptuales, caracteristicas y propiedades psicometricas de: Test Anxiety Scale (Sarason, 1978), Test Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1980), Reactions To Test (Sarason,1984), German Test Anxiety Inventory (Hoddap, 1996), Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad (Miguel Tobal & Cano Vindel, 1988), Cuestionario de Ansiedad en los Examenes (Valero, 1997) Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale (Cassady & Jonson, 2002) y Cuestionario de Ansiedad y Rendimiento (Ferrando Varea & Lorenzo, 2002). Estos instrumentos incluyen entre una y cuatro subescalas, siendo la cognitiva o de preocupacion la unica presente en todos los inventarios y la que presenta mejores evidencias predictivas respecto al rendimiento academico. Otras escalas como las de emocionalidad, respuestas conductuales y situaciones ansiogenas aportan datos utiles para evaluaciones clinicas. Todos los instrumentos revisados poseen buenos niveles de consistencia interna y validez convergente pero las evidencias sobre su estructura interna son mas dispares. Su empleo local requiere en todos los casos de un proceso previo de adaptacion a la poblacion estudiantil argentina. Palabras clave: ansiedad ante los examenes, confiabilidad, validez
Investigating the Sales Spillover Effects of Online Product Sampling in E-Commerce

Research investigating the sales impacts of product sampling in e-commerce still lags. We attempt to answer: (1) How does the sampling of a product affect the sales of other products in the same store (i.e., in-store spillover effect)? (2) How does the sampling of a product affect the sales of the same product in other stores (i.e., cross-store spillover effect)? (3) How do the in-store and cross-store sales spillover effects vary across product types (i.e., search, experience and credence products)? Using data from a Chinese e-commerce platform, we employ panel-data model estimation techniques to find evidence of the sales spillovers of product sampling. Specifically, the sampling of a search (experience) product increases (decreases) the sales quantity of other products in the same store by 18.9% (9.4%). However, cross-store spillover effects only exist for experience products’ sampling, which increases the sales of the same product in another store by 16.5%.
La logistique: un levier du management de la protection de l'environnement

Cet article traite de la place de la logistique dans la politique environnementale de l'entreprise. L'integration des pressions environnementales a genere de nouveaux comportements manageriaux, mais elle rencontre aujourd'hui des problemes de mise en oeuvre. Dans ce contexte, la logistique represente un facteur-cle de competitivite et un levier du management environnemental, tant par sa connexion aux flux de l'entreprise que par ses principes de transversalite interne et externe. Cette reflexion, issue d'une revue de la litterature et d'exemples concrets, s'articule en deux points: d'une part, la logistique et le management environnemental procedent des memes fondements et, d'autre part, les outils du management environnemental integres a la logistique peuvent fonder l'"eco-logistique".
Updating the evidence-base for suctioning adult patients: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES To update a previous clinical practice guideline on suctioning in adult patients, published in the Canadian Respiratory Journal in 2001. METHODS A primary search of the MEDLINE (from 1998), CINAHL, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library (all from 1996) databases up to November 2007, was conducted. These dates reflect the search limits reached in the previous clinical practice guideline. A secondary search of the reference lists of retrieved articles was also performed. Two reviewers independently appraised each study before meeting to reach consensus. Study quality was evaluated using the Jadad and PEDro scales. When sufficient data were available, a meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. Data are reported as ORs, weighted mean differences and 95% CIs. When no comparisons were possible, qualitative analyses of the data were completed. RESULTS Eighty-one studies were critically appraised from a pool of 123. A total of 28 randomized controlled trials or randomized crossover studies were accepted for inclusion. Meta-analysis was possible for open versus closed suctioning only. Recommendations from 2001 with respect to hyperoxygenation, hyperinflation, use of a ventilator circuit adaptor and subglottic suctioning were confirmed. New evidence was identified with respect to indications for suctioning, open suction versus closed suction systems, use of medications and infection control. CONCLUSIONS While new evidence continues to be varied in strength, and is still lacking in some areas of suctioning practice, the evidence base has improved since 2001. Members of the health care team should incorporate this evidence into their practice.
Lerner Involvement in Self- and Peer- assessment of Task-based Oral Performance

The new understanding of learner role as active participants in learning has accompanied a paradigm shift in assessment practices. Learners are perceived to be responsible not only for their own learning but also for the assessment of their performances in terms of its procedures and rationales (Cheng & Warren, 2005; Falchikov, 1986; Luoma & Tarnanen, 2003; Orsmond & Merry, 1996). This study explores the plausibility of employing self- and peer-assessment as alternative approaches to assessment of seven Korean learners' oral presentation task performance. In order to cope with the subjectivity aspect of evaluating behavior, the study encouraged learner- involvement in task assessment, which was operational-ized as students' participation in the development of assessment sub-criteria and learner training as well as discussion regarding the criteria. The results from three periods of students' self- and peer-assessment on their presentation performance revealed that learner involvement in assessment can lead to a high comparability among three different assessment types; self-, peer-, and teacher-assessment. The students also rejpnted that they had positive attitudes toward the alternative assessment.
SlangNet: A WordNet like resource for English Slang

We present a WordNet like structured resource for slang words and neologisms on the internet. The dynamism of language is often an indication that current language technology tools trained on today’s data, may not be able to process the language in the future. Our resource could be (1) used to augment the WordNet, (2) used in several Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications which make use of noisy data on the internet like Information Retrieval and Web Mining. Such a resource can also be used to distinguish slang word senses from conventional word senses. To stimulate similar innovations widely in the NLP community, we test the efficacy of our resource for detecting slang using standard bag of words Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) algorithms (Lesk and Extended Lesk) for English data on the internet.
Comparison of statistical tests for disease association with rare variants

In anticipation of the availability of next‐generation sequencing data, there is increasing interest in investigating association between complex traits and rare variants (RVs). In contrast to association studies for common variants (CVs), due to the low frequencies of RVs, common wisdom suggests that existing statistical tests for CVs might not work, motivating the recent development of several new tests for analyzing RVs, most of which are based on the idea of pooling/collapsing RVs. However, there is a lack of evaluations of, and thus guidance on the use of, existing tests. Here we provide a comprehensive comparison of various statistical tests using simulated data. We consider both independent and correlated rare mutations, and representative tests for both CVs and RVs. As expected, if there are no or few non‐causal (i.e. neutral or non‐associated) RVs in a locus of interest while the effects of causal RVs on the trait are all (or mostly) in the same direction (i.e. either protective or deleterious, but not both), then the simple pooled association tests (without selecting RVs and their association directions) and a new test called kernel‐based adaptive clustering (KBAC) perform similarly and are most powerful; KBAC is more robust than simple pooled association tests in the presence of non‐causal RVs; however, as the number of non‐causal CVs increases and/or in the presence of opposite association directions, the winners are two methods originally proposed for CVs and a new test called C‐alpha test proposed for RVs, each of which can be regarded as testing on a variance component in a random‐effects model. Interestingly, several methods based on sequential model selection (i.e. selecting causal RVs and their association directions), including two new methods proposed here, perform robustly and often have statistical power between those of the above two classes. Genet. Epidemiol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 35:606‐619, 2011
Effects of Knots on Protein Folding Properties

This work explores the impact of knots, knot depth and motif of the threading terminus in protein folding properties (kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism) via extensive Monte Carlo simulations of lattice models. A knotted backbone has no effect on protein thermodynamic stability but it may affect key aspects of folding kinetics. In this regard, we found clear evidence for a functional advantage of knots: knots enhance kinetic stability because a knotted protein unfolds at a distinctively slower rate than its unknotted counterpart. However, an increase in knot deepness does not necessarily lead to more effective changes in folding properties. In this regard, a terminus with a non-trivial conformation (e.g. hairpin) can have a more dramatic effect in enhancing kinetic stability than knot depth. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the probability of the denatured ensemble to keep knotted is higher for proteins with deeper knots, indicating that knot depth plays a role in determining the topology of the denatured state. Refolding simulations starting from denatured knotted conformations show that not every knot is able to nucleate folding and further indicate that the formation of the knotting loop is a key event in the folding of knotted trefoils. They also show that there are specific native contacts within the knotted core that are crucial to keep a native knotting loop in denatured conformations which otherwise have no detectable structure. The study of the knotting mechanism reveals that the threading of the knotting loop generally occurs towards late folding in conformations that exhibit a significant degree of structural consolidation.
School attitudes scale: factor validity and reliability

This research aimed at adapting the School Attitudes Scale (SAS), jointing evidences of its validity factor and reliability. Two studies were performed in João Pessoa (Paraíba). In Study 1 participants were 242 students, most of them from private schools (53.7%) and female (57.7%), with a mean age of 14.3 years old. In Study 2 participated 249 students, predominantly from private schools (51%) and female (54.6%), with a mean age of 14.6 years old. Participants answered the SAS and demographic questions in both studies. In the first study, a Principal Component analysis indicated a unidimensional structure, accounting for 33.9% of the total variance (α= .73). In the second study, a confirmatory factor analysis revealed as acceptable the one-factor model (AGFI = .90, and RMSEA = .08), with reliability of . 70. It was concluded that this measure can be adequately used in researches in the context where it was adapted.