Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Responses Within the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Reveal When Specific Implicit Information Influences Economic Decision Making

Background and Purpose. The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how individual economic decisions are influenced by implicit memory contributions. Methods. Twenty‐two participants were asked to make binary decisions between different brands of sensorily nearly undistinguishable consumer goods. Changes of brain activity comparing decisions in the presence or absence of a specific target brand were detected by fMRI. Results. Only when the tar get brand was the participant's favorite one did the authors find reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal, posterior parietal, and occipital cortices and the left premotor area (Brodmann areas [BA] 9, 46, 7/19, and 6). Simultaneously, activity was increased in the inferior precuneus and posterior cingulate (BA 7), right superior frontal gyrus (BA 10), right supramarginal gyrus (BA 40), and, most pronounced, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (BA 10). Conclusions. For products mainly distinguishable by brand information, the authors revealed a nonlinear winner‐take‐all effect for a participant's favorite brand characterized, on one hand, by reduced activation in brain areas associated with working memory and reasoning and, on the other hand, increased activation in areas involved in processing of emotions and self‐reflections during decision making.
Flight muscle properties and aerodynamic performance of Drosophila expressing a flightin transgene

SUMMARY Flightin is a multiply phosphorylated, myosin-binding protein found specifically in indirect flight muscles (IFM) of Drosophila. A null mutation in the flightin gene (fln0) compromises thick filament assembly and muscle integrity resulting in muscle degeneration and lost of flight ability. Using P-element-mediated transformation with the full-length flightin gene driven by the Actin88F promoter, we have achieved rescue of all fln0-related ultrastructural and functional defects of the IFM. Transgenic P{fln+}fln0 `rescued' flies have fewer thick filaments per myofbril than wild-type flies (782±13 vs 945±9) but have otherwise normal IFM. Transgenic P{fln+}fln+ `tetraploid' flies have a normal number of thick filaments. The flightin protein levels in both transgenic strains are similar to wild type. By contrast, flightin levels are reduced in a myosin heavy chain tetraploid strain that produces excess myosin and excess thick filaments. These results suggest that regulation of flightin protein level is independent of gene copy number and that the number of thick filaments assembled per myofibril is influenced independently by myosin and flightin expression. We measured mechanical properties of IFM skinned fibers by sinusoidal analysis and found no significant differences in active viscoelastic properties of flightin-rescued and tetraploid transgenic flies vs wild type. The ability of the fln+ transgene to overcome deficits in dynamic stiffness and power output in fln0 suggest that the flightin protein contributes directly to fiber stiffness and stretch activation. However, flight parameters at maximum locomotor capacity, measured in a virtual reality flight simulator, are slightly compromised for both transgenic strains. P{fln+}fln0 and P{fln+}fln+ flies generated enough flight force to sustain hovering flight but showed reduced capability to produce forces in excess of hovering flight force. Both strains showed reductions in stroke frequency but only P{fln+}fln+ showed reductions in stroke amplitude. Muscle and aerodynamic efficiency are similar among the two transgenic strains and wild type. These results illustrate the importance of flightin in flight muscle development and function.
Hierarchical Biological Pathway Data Integration and Mining

information embedded within them are addressed. Today, a bioinformatics information system typically deals with large data sets reaching a total volume of about one terabyte [25]. Such a system serves many purposes;  User can select the data sources and assign confidence to each selected data source  It organizes existing data to facilitate complex queries  It infers relationships based on the stored data and subsequently predicts missing attribute values and incoming information based on multidimensional data.  Data marts (extension of data warehouse) support different query requests. 2. Data management and integration The Pathway Resource List contains over 150 biological pathway databases and is growing [26]. Usually, first step for the user is to identify a subset of these data sources for integration. To consolidate all the knowledge for a particular organism, extract the pathways from each database need to be extracted and transformed into a standard data representation before integration. Representation of the pathway data in each data source poses another challenge as each pathway modality has its own specific representation issues which must be understood before attempting integration across modalities. For example, metabolic pathways, signal transduction pathways, protein-protein interaction, gene regulation etc. Commonly employed styles of data integration may be implemented in different contexts and under requirements, in order to reuse the data across applications for research collaboration. Some of the data integration and management efforts are presented in [27-32]. Several major approaches have been proposed for data integration, which can be roughly classified into five groups [33-34] namely; data warehousing, federated databasing, serviceoriented integration, semantic integration and wiki-based integration. Across all of these groups, to a significant extent, an increasingly important component of data integration is the community effort in developing a variety of biomedical ontologies to deal in a more specific manner with the technicality and globality of descriptors and identifiers of information that has to be shared and integrated across various resources. Variety of approaches for data integration is discussed below.
Persistence of net heterotrophy in lakes during nutrient addition and food web manipulations

Net ecosystem production (NEP) is the difference between gross primary production (GPP) and community respiration (R). We estimated in situ NEP using three independent approaches (net CO2 gas flux, net O2 gas flux, and continuous diel O2 measurements) over a 4–7 yr period in a series of small lakes in which food webs were manipulated and nutrient loadings were experimentally varied. In the absence of manipulation, these lakes were net heterotrophic according to all three approaches. NEP (NEP = GPP‐R) was consistently negative and averaged −35.5 ± 3.7 (standard error) mmol C m−2 d−1. Nutrient enrichment, in the absence of strong planktivory, tended to cause increases in estimates of both GPP and R (estimated from the continuous O2 data) but resulted in little change in the GPP/R ratio, which remained <1, or NEP, which remained negative. When planktivorous fish dominated the food web, large zooplankton were rare and nutrient enrichment produced positive values of NEP by all three methods. Among lakes and years, daily values of NEP ranged from −241 to +175 mmol m−2 d−1; mean seasonal NEP was positive only under a combination of high nutrient loading and a planktivore‐dominated food web. Community R is significantly subsidized by allochthonous sources of organic matter in these lakes. Combining all lakes and years, we estimate that ~26 mmol C m−2 d−1 of allochthonous origin is respired on average. This respiration of allochthonous organic matter represents 13 to 43% of total R, and this fraction declines with increasing GPP.
The Relationship Between Collective Efficacy and Teachers’ Social Networks in Urban Middle Schools

Collective efficacy, a group’s belief in its capabilities to reach a goal, is an important organizational property repeatedly linked with student achievement. However, little scholarship specifies the antecedents of collective efficacy. To fill this gap, this study examines a potential predictor of collective efficacy: teachers’ social networks. The authors employ social network and regression analysis to explore the relationship between network density, network centralization, and collective efficacy in 20 middle school mathematics departments in two large, urban districts across 3 years. Collective efficacy had a significant relationship with density, but not centralization, when controlling for school demographics. The findings underscore the importance of network density to school improvement reforms. Policymakers need to consider policies that support the building of a dense network, which could increase collective efficacy and, ultimately, student achievement.
Handling of Conditional Effects and Negative Goals in IPP

This report describes an extension of planning graphs to handle conditional effects and true negation in the system IPP. Starting from the planning formalism ADL, a formal semantics for parallel plans containing actions with conditional effects is defined. We review the formalism of planning graphs, which was developed in the Graphplan system and show how the approach can be extended to deal with the full expressivity of ADL. In contrast to Graphplan, IPP does not generate the planning graph explicitely, but builds only one fact and action layer. Furthermore, actions and states are represetended using a bitvector representation, which allows for the time- and memory-efficient implementation of the sound and complete search algorithm.
Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Associated Risk Factors in a Socially-Marginalized Female Population in Coastal Peru

Objective. The epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among sexually active socially-marginalized women in three urban, coastal Peruvian cities was examined in order to quantify the prevalence of trichomonas infection and identify associated risk factors. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, venue-based study of women from socially-marginalized populations in three coastal Peruvian cities. Results. Among the 319 women enrolled, the overall prevalence of trichomonal infection was 9.1% (95% CI, 5.9%–12.3%). The mean age was 26.3 years, and 35.5% reported having had unprotected intercourse with nonprimary partners and 19.8% reported two or more sex partners in the last three months. Trichomonal infection was associated with increased number of sex partners (PR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.6) and unprotected sex with nonprimary partner in the last three months (PR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.9). Conclusions. A moderately high prevalence of trichomonal infection was found among women in our study. Trichomonal infection was associated with unprotected sex and multiple sex partners. Efforts to control the continued spread of trichomonal infection are warranted.
Research status and trends of rectangular packing problem

The problem of rectangle packing which can be stated as putting the needed rectangles on the given sheet with an aim to minimizing sheet's unused area. The rectangle packing problem exists widely in the industry, such as mechanism, furniture and costume. Researching this problem has important practical and theoretical value. This paper discusses research status and trends of rectangular packing problem.
Bilinear Modeling via Augmented Lagrange Multipliers (BALM)

This paper presents a unified approach to solve different bilinear factorization problems in computer vision in the presence of missing data in the measurements. The problem is formulated as a constrained optimization where one of the factors must lie on a specific manifold. To achieve this, we introduce an equivalent reformulation of the bilinear factorization problem that decouples the core bilinear aspect from the manifold specificity. We then tackle the resulting constrained optimization problem via Augmented Lagrange Multipliers. The strength and the novelty of our approach is that this framework can seamlessly handle different computer vision problems. The algorithm is such that only a projector onto the manifold constraint is needed. We present experiments and results for some popular factorization problems in computer vision such as rigid, non-rigid, and articulated Structure from Motion, photometric stereo, and 2D-3D non-rigid registration.
Therapeutic Hypothermia in Spinal Cord Injury: The Status of Its Use and Open Questions

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major health problem and is associated with a diversity of neurological symptoms. Pathophysiologically, dysfunction after SCI results from the culmination of tissue damage produced both by the primary insult and a range of secondary injury mechanisms. The application of hypothermia has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective after SCI in both experimental and human studies. The myriad of protective mechanisms of hypothermia include the slowing down of metabolism, decreasing free radical generation, inhibiting excitotoxicity and apoptosis, ameliorating inflammation, preserving the blood spinal cord barrier, inhibiting astrogliosis, promoting angiogenesis, as well as decreasing axonal damage and encouraging neurogenesis. Hypothermia has also been combined with other interventions, such as antioxidants, anesthetics, alkalinization and cell transplantation for additional benefit. Although a large body of work has reported on the effectiveness of hypothermia as a neuroprotective approach after SCI and its application has been translated to the clinic, a number of questions still remain regarding its use, including the identification of hypothermia’s therapeutic window, optimal duration and the most appropriate rewarming rate. In addition, it is necessary to investigate the neuroprotective effect of combining therapeutic hypothermia with other treatment strategies for putative synergies, particularly those involving neurorepair.
Detecting Network Anomalies Using Different Wavelet Basis Functions

Signal processing techniques have been applied recently for analyzing and detecting network anomalies due to their potential to find novel or unknown intrusions. In this paper, we present a novel network anomaly detection approach based on wavelet analysis, approximate autoregressive and outlier detection techniques. In order to characterize network traffic behaviors, we proposed fifteen features and applied them as the input signals in our wavelet-based approach. We then evaluate our approach with the 1999 DARPA intrusion detection dataset and conduct a comprehensive comparison for four different typical wavelet basis functions on detecting network intrusions. Our work aims to unveil a question when applying wavelet techniques for detecting network attacks, that is "do wavelet basis functions have an important impact on the intrusion detection performance? ". Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the work is the first to analyze the 1999 DARPA's network traffic using flow data instead of its original raw packet data.
Critical Reevaluation of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Phenotypes for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Use

Diverse subsets of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are used for the treatment of ischemic diseases in clinical trials, and circulating EPCs levels are considered as biomarkers for coronary and peripheral artery disease. However, despite significant steps forward in defining their potential for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, further progress has been mired by unresolved questions around the definition and the mechanism of action of EPCs. Diverse culturing methods and detection of various combinations of different surface antigens were used to enrich and identify EPCs. These attempts were particularly challenged by the close relationship and overlapping markers of the endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. This article will critically review the most commonly used protocols to define EPCs by culture assays or by fluorescence-activated cell sorter in the context of their therapeutic or diagnostic use. We also delineate new research avenues to move forward our knowledge on EPC biology.
The Relationship between Restricted, Repetitive Behavior and Anxiety in Adults with Intellectual Disability

This study investigated the relationship between restricted, repetitive behavior (RRB) and anxiety in a sample of adults with intellectual disability (ID). Six regression analyses were conducted. Predictor variables were age, severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, level of adaptive functioning, and anxiety; RRB (in general and specific subtypes) was the criterion. Together, the four predictor variables accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in total RRB, Stereotypic Behavior, Compulsive Behavior, Ritualistic/Sameness Behavior, and Restricted Interests. Self-injurious behavior (SIB) was the only subtype of RRB in which the results of the regression analysis were not significant. Anxiety was found to independently account for a significant proportion of the variance in total RRB, Compulsive Behavior, and Ritualistic/Sameness Behavior. This suggests that changes in RRB in general and in particular subtypes, specifically compulsive behavior and ritualistic/sameness behavior, may be observable indicators of anxiety in adults with ID. Overall, this study highlights the need for more research on RRB in general and on the relationship between RRB and anxiety, especially across different populations and settings. REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR AND ANXIETY v Table of
Workshop Organization Program Committee

The sales of customisable products and services over the internet is a challenging task within the area of electronic commerce. In this chapter we will present a case study which shows how the offering and selling of complex products and services from the telecommunication industry is supported within a generic framework for customer-adaptive distributed online configuration. Following the paradigm of mass customisation, products and services are nowadays sold to customers in many variants according to specific customer requirements. In a Web-based environment special emphasis must be given to the customer interaction with the sales system. Therefore we sketch how a personalised Web-interaction may imitate a good salesperson that adapts his expert advice according to the customers interests and skills. The digital economy of the 21 century will be based on flexibly integrated webs of highly specialised solution providers. Regarding configuration technology itself, the joint configuration of organisationally and geographically distributed products and services must be supported. This requires the extension of current configuration technology to include distributed knowledge bases and cooperative problem solving behaviour. The developed framework is designed generic enough to be also applicable to other industries with similar requirements for electronic commerce systems such as the areas of facility management equipment or building and construction industry.
The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey. I. Science Goals, Survey Design, and Strategy

The recently initiated Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey aims to map ∼7000 deg2 of the high Galactic latitude sky visible from Arecibo, providing a H I line spectral database covering the redshift range between -1600 and 18,000 km s-1 with ∼5 km s-1 resolution. Exploiting Arecibo's large collecting area and small beam size, ALFALFA is specifically designed to probe the faint end of the H I mass function in the local universe and will provide a census of H I in the surveyed sky area to faint flux limits, making it especially useful in synergy with wide-area surveys conducted at other wavelengths. ALFALFA will also provide the basis for studies of the dynamics of galaxies within the Local Supercluster and nearby superclusters, allow measurement of the H I diameter function, and enable a first wide-area blind search for local H I tidal features, H I absorbers at z < 0.06, and OH megamasers in the redshift range 0.16 < z < 0.25. Although completion of the survey will require some 5 years, public access to the ALFALFA data and data products will be provided in a timely manner, thus allowing its application for studies beyond those targeted by the ALFALFA collaboration. ALFALFA adopts a two-pass, minimum intrusion, drift scan observing technique that samples the same region of sky at two separate epochs to aid in the discrimination of cosmic signals from noise and terrestrial interference. Survey simulations, which take into account large-scale structure in the mass distribution and incorporate experience with the ALFA system gained from tests conducted during its commissioning phase, suggest that ALFALFA will detect on the order of 20,000 extragalactic H I line sources out to z ∼ 0.06, including several hundred with H I masses M < 107.5 M⊙.
Small Neutrino Masses from Supersymmetry Breaking

An alternative to the conventional see-saw mechanism is proposed to explain the origin of small neutrino masses in supersymmetric theories. The masses and couplings of the right-handed neutrino field are suppressed by supersymmetry breaking, in a way similar to the suppression of the Higgs doublet mass, $\mu$. New mechanisms for light Majorana, Dirac and sterile neutrinos arise, depending on the degree of suppression. Superpartner phenomenology is greatly altered by the presence of weak scale right-handed sneutrinos, which may have a coupling to a Higgs boson and a left-handed sneutrino. The sneutrino spectrum and couplings are quite unlike the conventional case - the lightest sneutrino can be the dark matter and predictions are given for event rates at upcoming halo dark matter direct detection experiments. Higgs decays and search strategies are changed. Copious Higgs production at hadron colliders can result from cascade decays of squarks and gluinos.
Phonetic Specificity in Early Lexical Acquisition: New Evidence from Consonants in Coda Positions

Use of precise consonantal information while learning new words has been established for onset consonants in previous studies, which showed that infants as young as 16 to 20 months of age can simultaneously learn two new words that differ only by a syllable-initial consonant (Havy & Nazzi, 2009; Nazzi, 2005; Nazzi & New, 2007; Werker, Fennell, Corcoran, & Stager, 2002). However, there is no systematic evidence to show whether specific phonetic information in other positions within the syllable can be used while learning new words. To the contrary, Nazzi (2005) found that when tested using the same task, 20-month-olds can learn two words that differ only by a consonant, but fail to do so if they differ only by a vowel, leaving open the possibility that specificity is limited to syllable-onset positions. Accordingly, the present study evaluated 20-month-olds’ ability to learn two words that differ only by a consonant in either onset or coda position. Infants succeeded for both positions, ruling out the possibility that only syllable-onset positions are specified. This further suggests that the previously reported consonant/ vowel asymmetry cannot be fully explained by syllable-onset positional effects. Additionally, the present study evaluated whether words following a predominant labial-coronal pattern would be easier to learn than less frequent coronal-labial words. It failed to obtain any such evidence.