Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Extreme Indian Ocean Dipole in Regulating Three‐Dimensional Freshwater Content in the Southeast Indian Ocean

The tropical Southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) is a key area linking the global freshwater and heat exchanges. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) fundamentally modulates the Indian Ocean circulation and thus regulates the basin‐wide freshwater balance. However, our knowledge of this effect remains limited. Using observational‐based data sets, this study suggests that extreme positive IOD events have notable signatures on the three‐dimensional freshwater content of the SEIO, leading to the vertically opposite salinity anomalies in the surface and subsurface layers. The wind changes led to the northwestward extension of the South Equatorial Current and intensified Sumatra‐Java upwelling. The changing horizontal and vertical currents jointly result in the complicated salinity anomalies. The Equatorial Undercurrent serves as the conduit for water exchange between the equator and the SEIO. This work highlights a strong coupling between the equatorial circulation and the three‐dimensional freshwater inventory of the SEIO within the framework of the IOD.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of preoperative interventions to support the maturation of arteriovenous fistulae in patients with advanced kidney disease

ABSTRACT Background There is great potential to improve outcomes of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) by focusing more on the preoperative period of AVF creation. We aim to systematically review the evidence on safety and efficacy of various preoperative interventions that have been tried to improve AVF maturation and success rate. Methods We searched five databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and King's Fund Library. Experimental studies that investigated the effect of various preoperative interventions to improve AVF outcomes among advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were searched. The effect size for primary outcome was calculated as the weighted mean difference in the final vessel calibre, rate of AVF maturation or primary failure between the intervention and control arm. We also assessed adverse effects and dropout rates. This review was preregistered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020193257). Results Eight eligible studies were identified involving three types of intervention: hand exercise (n = 6), cholecalciferol supplementation (n = 1) and pneumatic compression of the arm using a Fist Assist device (n = 1). The overall effect size of hand exercise on distal cephalic vein calibre was 0.24 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–0.45] on meta-analysis of hand exercise studies. On restricting analysis to two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that had independent control groups, the effect size was higher, at 0.29 mm (95% CI 0.11–0.47). Hand exercise was a well-tolerated intervention, especially when confined to the first 4 weeks. Discussion Hand exercise is the predominant intervention tried in the preoperative period of AVF creation, although there is methodological heterogeneity. Intermittent pneumatic compression using a Fist Assist device is a novel intervention that has shown some promise. Well-designed prospective RCTs are needed on preoperative interventions among advanced CKD patients, aimed at improving AVF outcomes.
Trends and Factors Affecting Self-Efficacy among Teachers: A Systematic Literature Review

The study of the teacher’s self-efficacy trend as the foundation in the development of thoughts, feelings, and self-behavior is seldom discussed. The factors affecting self-efficacy are also detrimental to efforts to identify and make changes to the teaching and learning process. Thus, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is conducted to investigate the trend of self-efficacy research based on the type of schools, research approach, sampling techniques, and national context. The most dominant factors in influencing the self-efficacy of teachers’ teaching and learning practices were also studied. Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar databases were used in the article process. This study uses the PRISMA Model in implementing the screening of article selection which involves four phases. The four phases are Identification, Screening, Eligibility, and Included. 31 relatable articles were chosen that were published between 2017 till 2022. The findings show that the quantitative approach, secondary school context, simple random sampling technique, and Malaysia exhibited the highest trend. Meanwhile, demographic factors and technological skills factors are most dominant in affecting the self-efficacy of a teacher. The implication of this research is able to provide the necessary push for future studies to identify techniques and interventions that are successful in strengthening the self-efficacy of teachers in line with the education transformation.
Waveform relaxation approach to PWL simulation of analogue and mixed A/D networks at the functional level

The application of waveform relaxation to the piecewise linear (PWL) macro-simulation technique is considered. It is oriented towards functional-level analogue and mixed-signal structures of A/D networks. The main issues in the actual PWL approach are briefly described. The waveform relaxation-based PWL algorithm is formulated in terms of a mathematical network model, and the convergence proof for it is given. Different feedback loops faced in analogue and mixed A/D networks are discussed with respect to the algorithm convergence. Macro-simulation examples of practical use illustrating the presented approach are also included.
FY10 Parameters for the Injection, Acceleration, and Extraction of Gold Ions in Booster, AGS, and RHIC

A Gold ion with charge eQ has N = 197 Nucleons, Z = 79 Protons, and (Z-Q) electrons. (Here Q is an integer and e is the charge of a single proton.) The mass is m = au - Qm{sub e} + E{sub b}/c{sup 2} (1) where a = 196.966552 is the relative atomic mass [1, 2] of the neutral Gold atom, u = 931.494013 MeV/c{sup 2} is the unified atomic mass unit [3], and m{sub e}c{sup 2} = . 510998902 MeV is the electron mass [3]. E{sub b} is the binding energy of the Q electrons removed from the neutral Gold atom. This amounts to 0.332 MeV for the helium-like gold ion (Q = 77) and 0.517 MeV for the fully stripped ion. For the Au{sup 31+} ion we have E{sub b} = 13.5 keV. These numbers are given in Ref. [4].
Desorption of plasmid DNA from anion exchangers: salt concentration at elution is independent of plasmid size and load.

Detailed studies on sorption behavior of plasmids on anion exchangers are rare compared to proteins. In this study we systematically compare the elution behavior of plasmid DNA on three common anion exchange resins using linear gradient and isocratic elution experiments. Two plasmids of different length, 8 and 20 kbp, were studied and their elution characteristics were compared to green fluorescent protein. Using established methods for determining retention characteristics of biomolecules in ion exchange chromatography lead to remarkable results. In contrast to green fluorescent protein, plasmid DNA consistently elutes at one characteristic salt concentration in linear gradient elution. This salt concentration was the same independent of plasmid size, but differed slightly for different resins. The behavior is consistent also at preparative loadings of plasmid DNA. Thus, only a single linear gradient elution experiment is sufficient to design elution in a process scale capture step. At isocratic elution conditions, plasmid DNA elutes only above this characteristic concentration. Even at slightly lower concentrations most plasmids remain tightly bound. We hypothesize, that the desorption is accompanied by a conformational change leading to a reduced number of available negative charges for binding. This explanation is supported by structural analysis before and after elution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Entrainment vortices and interfacial intermittent turbulent bulges in a plane turbulent wake

Hot-wire measurements were made simultaneously in two homogeneous ‘horizontal’ planes in the far-wake region of a cylinder. A technique developed using hot-wire data to identify the spatial characteristics of the large-scale bulges at the interface between the internal turbulent motions and the external irrotational flow was used to unambiguously relate these outer intermittent bulges to the inner coherent structures. It was found that a turbulent bulge is made up of a combination of a horseshoe vortex (whose legs form one double-roller eddy) and the straining region present just upstream of this structure. The approach also allowed the evaluation of the two most prominent phenomenological models for the entrainment mechanism in the far-wake region: the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and Townsend's growth–decay cycle. It was found that the decaying and re-forming of the bulges and entrainment structures is not likely to occur. Rather, the evidence is that the large-scale bulges remain coherent for long streamwise distances in equilibrium with the overall similarity of the flow.
Prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 in patients with pre‐existing celiac disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

There is a scarcity of scientific evidence addressing the outcomes of COVID‐19 in celiac disease (CD) patients. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the correlation between pre‐existing CD and COVID‐19. A rigorous literature search was conducted using multiple databases. All eligible observational studies were included from around the globe. The random effect model calculated the pooled prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Mantel‐Haenszel odds ratios were produced to report the overall effect size using random effect models for severity and mortality outcomes. Funnel plots, Egger regression tests, and Begg‐Mazumdar's rank correlation test were used to appraise publication bias. Data from 11 articles consisting of 44,378 CD patients were obtained. Overall pooled random‐effects estimate of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in CD patients was 4.25% (95% CI, I2 = 98%). Our findings also indicated that pre‐existing CD was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation with COVID‐19 illness (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.87–1.24, I2 = 0%) and mortality due to illness (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.56–1.5, I2 = 45%) compared with patients without pre‐existing CD. No significant publication bias was evident in the meta‐analysis. The preliminary data from our analysis suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with pre‐existing CD is not associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation or mortality. Additional studies are required to overcome the restrictions of the limited data available at present.
Long-term dynamic monitoring of forest area changes with the aid of Google Earth Engine

Abstract. Remote sensing has become the most effective tool for monitoring and evaluating forest resources. Owing to the development of big data, current research on forest resource information mainly focuses on a regional, national, or global scale. However, there are still certain limitations on small regional scales. We used supervised classification based on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform to extract county land use information and a Whittaker smoother to extract vegetation indices to monitor forest area and vegetation indices in the study areas from the 1980s to the 2020s. The results show that the classification accuracy is improved for the study area where the image quality is affected by clouds after adding complementary datasets of greenness and water bodies. The overall accuracy (OA) increases from 0.82 to 0.89, and the kappa accuracy increases from 0.77 to 0.85. The OA of the classification results was 0.88, and the forest area increased and decreased with an overall increase of 225.35 km2. The building area continued to increase with an increase of 34.88 km2. The cropland area first decreased and then increased with a complete decrease of 243.6 km2. The bare soil area decreased by 16.2 km2. The area of the water bodies was relatively stable. The vegetation index indicated good forest growth. Jiangle County’s forest area and forest growth stability cannot be achieved without the protection of national and local policies.
On a family of counting distributions and recursions for related compound distributions

Abstract This paper considers a family of counting distributions whose densities satisfy certain second order difference equations. Recursions for the evaluation of related compound distributions are developed in the case of severity distributions which are concentrated on the non-negative integers. From these a characterization of the considered counting distributions is obtained, and it is shown that most of these are compound Poisson distributions.
An adaptive control for UPS to compensate unbalance and harmonic distortion using a combined capacitor/load current approach

An adaptive controller for UPS to compensate for unbalance and harmonic distortion on the load is proposed. We propose to use a combined measurement of capacitor and load currents using the same current sensor for the purpose of, on the one hand, reaching a similar performance as that obtained in a capacitor current based controller, and on the other hand, to obtain an estimate of the load current for security purposes. Adaptation is included to cope with uncertainties in the system parameters. The controller is based on a frequency domain description of the periodic disturbances, which include both symmetric components, namely, the negative and positive sequence. And thus, allowing the treatment under unbalance operation, as well. As a consequence, the controller compensates only for a selected group of harmonic components, and thus, belonging to the family of selective control algorithms. Simulations are presented to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Theory of the elastic constants of graphite and graphene

Born's long wave method is used to study the elastic properties of graphite and graphene. Starting from an empirical force constant model derived from full inplane phonon dispersions of graphite [Mohr et al., Phys. Rev. B 76, 035439 (2007)] we calculate the tension coefficients of graphene. Extending the model by interplanar interactions, we calculate the elastic constants of graphite. The agreement of our theoretical values with inelastic x‐ray scattering results on elastic constants of graphite [Bosak et al., Phys. Rev. B 75, 153408 (2007)] is very satisfactory. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract decreased hydrogen peroxide in lead acetate-induced rats

Background: Free radicals are atoms or molecules with one or more unpaired electrons. Lead acetate has been reported to increase the presence of free radicals in the body. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of oral administration of jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serum levels in rats induced with lead acetate. Methods: A total of 24 male rats were divided into three groups: the negative control, the positive control, and the treatment group. The negative control group received a standard diet, the positive control group received lead acetate at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight, and the treatment group received lead acetate at the same dose along with jamblang leaf extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Lead acetate and jamblang leaf extract administration was carried out for 30 days. Afterward, serum H2O2 levels were examined using the colorimetry method. Results: Results revealed that H2O2 levels in the negative control, positive control, and treatment groups were 3.08±0.24, 4.94±0.75, and 3.44±0.65 nmol/L, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the groups, as well as between the negative control and positive control, and between the positive control and treatment group. Conclusion: The study showed that jamblang leaf extract can reduce hydrogen peroxide levels in Wistar rats treated with lead acetate, indicating its ability to address oxidative stress.
Immunosuppression by Inflammation-Stimulated Amplification of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Changes in Expression of Immune Checkpoint HHLA2 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background The interaction between immune checkpoint and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a significant role in inflammatory diseases. But their correlation with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. Methods The differentially expressed immune checkpoints and immunocytes in the airway tissues of COPD patients were identified by bioinformatics analysis, followed by correlation analysis and identification of immune-related differential genes for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. The results of bioinformatics analysis were verified by ELISA and Real-Time PCR and transcriptome sequencing of the peripheral blood of both COPD patients and healthy subjects. Results The results of the bioinformatics analysis showed that the level of MDSCs in airway tissue and peripheral blood of COPD patients was higher than that of healthy controls. The expression of CSF1 in airway tissue and peripheral blood of COPD patients increased, and CYBB was increased in airway tissue and decreased in peripheral blood of COPD patients. The expression of HHLA2 in the airway tissue decreased in COPD patients, and showed a negative correlation with MDSCs, with a correlation coefficient of −0.37. The peripheral blood flow cytometry results indicated that MDSCs and Treg cells of COPD patients were higher than those in the healthy control group. The results of peripheral blood ELISA and RT-PCR showed that the HHLA2 and CSF1 levels in COPD patients were higher than those in the healthy control group. Conclusion In COPD, the bone marrow is stimulated to produce MDSCs, and a large number of MDSCs migrate to airway tissue through peripheral blood and cooperate with HHLA2 to exert an immunosuppressive effect. Whether MDSCs play an immunosuppressive effect during migration needs to be further confirmed.
Universal profile of dark matter haloes and the spherical infall model

I propose a modification of the spherical infall model for the evolution of density fluctuations with initially Gaussian probability distribution and scale-free power spectra in Einstein-de Sitter universe as developed by Hoffman & Shaham. I introduce a generalized form of the initial density distribution around an overdense region and cut it off at half the inter-peak separation accounting in this way for the presence of the neighbouring fluctuations. Contrary to the original predictions of Hoffman & Shaham the resulting density profiles within virial radii no longer have power-law shape but their steepness increases with distance. The profiles of halos of galactic mass are well fitted by the universal profile formula of changing slope obtained as a result of N-body simulations by Navarro, Frenk & White. The trend of steeper profiles for smaller masses and higher spectral indices is also reproduced. The agreement between the model and simulations is better for smaller masses and lower spectral indices which suggests that galaxies form mainly by accretion while formation of clusters involves merging.
Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil ameliorates Bisphenol‐A‐induced adipokines dysfunctions and dyslipidemia

Abstract This study demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil (CMSO) capable of alleviating BPA‐induced dyslipidemia and adipokine dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CMSO on adipokine dysfunctions and dyslipidemia in bisphenol‐A (BPA)‐induced male Wistar rats. Six‐week‐old 36 albino rats of 100–200 g weight were assigned randomly to six groups, which received varied doses of BPA and/or CMSO. The administration of BPA and CMSO was done at the same time for 42 days by oral intubation. The adipokine levels and lipid profile were measured in adipose tissue and plasma using standard methods. BPA induced significant (p < .05) increases in triglycerides, cholesterol, leptin, LDL‐C, and atherogenic and coronary risk indices in adipose tissue and plasma, as well as a decrease in adiponectin and HDL‐C levels in Group II animals. BPA administration significantly (p < .05) elevated Leptin levels and reduced adiponectin levels. BPA plus CMSO reduced triglycerides, cholesterol, leptin, LDL‐C, and atherogenic and coronary risk indices while increasing adiponectin levels and HDL‐C in adipose tissue and plasma (p < .05). The results showed that BPA exposure increased adipose tissue as well as serum levels of the atherogenic index, triglycerides, cholesterol, coronary risk index, LDL‐C, leptin, and body weight with decreased adiponectin levels and HDL‐C. Treatment with CMSO reduced the toxicities caused by BPA in rats by modulating the body weight, adiponectin/leptin levels, and lipid profiles in serum and adipose tissue. This study has shown that CMSO ameliorates BPA‐induced dyslipidemia and adipokine dysfunctions. We suggest for further clinical trial to establish the clinical applications.
Progress and Pitfalls in the Provision of Quality Care for Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care

Objective: Quality care for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has lagged behind other psychiatric disorders. We sought to assess how the achievement of quality measures (QMs) for diagnosing and treating ADHD in adults has changed over time. Method: We assessed 10 QMs in electronic health records (EHRs) from primary care and behavioral health clinics from 2010 to 2020 for 71,310 patients diagnosed with ADHD. Results: The achievement of QMs increased over time (p < .001). Some showed increases to high levels; others remained low throughout the observation period. No patients achieved more than six of 10 QMs in any year. Small but significant effects for sex, race, ethnicity, practice ownership, practice type, and age. Conclusion: Increase in quality care from 2010 to 2020 along with clear evidence that more efforts are needed to improve quality of care for adults with ADHD seen in primary care.
An adelic resolution for homology sheaves

We propose a generalization of the ordinary idele group by constructing certain adelic complexes for sheaves of -groups on schemes. Such complexes are defined for any abelian sheaf on a scheme. We focus on the case when the sheaf is associated with the presheaf of a homology theory with certain natural axioms satisfied, in particular, by -theory. In this case it is proved that the adelic complex provides a flabby resolution for this sheaf on smooth varieties over an infinite perfect field and that the natural morphism to the Gersten complex is a quasi-isomorphism. The main advantage of the new adelic resolution is that it is contravariant and multiplicative. In particular, this enables us to reprove that the intersection in Chow groups coincides (up to a sign) with the natural product in the corresponding -cohomology groups. Also, we show that the Weil pairing can be expressed as a Massey triple product in -cohomology groups with certain indices.