Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control Characteristics of Magnetotactic Bacteria: Magnetospirillum Magnetotacticum Strain MS-1 and Magnetospirillum Magneticum Strain AMB-1

Magnetotactic bacteria have the potential to execute nontrivial tasks, such as microactuation, micromanipulation, and microassembly, under the influence of the controlled magnetic fields. Closed-loop control characteristics of these magnetic microorganisms depend on their self-propulsion forces (motility) and magnetic dipole moments. These properties can be controlled through the growth conditions of magnetotactic bacteria. We provide a comparison between two species of magnetotactic bacteria, i.e., Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum strain MS-1 and Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1. This comparison includes the characterization of their morphologies, magnetic dipole moments, and closed-loop control characteristics in the transient and steady states. The characterized average magnetic dipole moments of motile cells of M. magnetotacticum and M. magneticum strains are 1.4 × 10-16 A.m2 and 1.5 × 10-17 A.m2 at a magnetic field of 7.9 mT, respectively. These magnetic dipole moments are used in the realization of closed-loop control systems for each bacterial strain. The closed-loop control systems achieve point-to-point positioning of M. magnetotacticum cells at an average velocity of 32 ± 10 μm/s (approximately seven body lengths per second), and within an average region of convergence of 23 ± 10 μm (approximately four body lengths), while cells of M. magneticum strain are positioned at an average velocity of 30 ± 12 μm/s (approximately eight body lengths per second), and within an average region of convergence of 35 ± 14 μm (approximately 14 body lengths). These results suggest that the cells of M. magnetotacticum strain have a slightly greater tendency to provide desirable closed-loop control characteristics than cells of M. magneticum strain.
Automatic epileptic seizure prediction based on scalp EEG and ECG signals

The epilepsy is a common neurological disease caused by a neuronal electric activity imbalance in any side of the brain, named epileptic focus. The epilepsy is characterized by recurrent and sudden seizures. Recently, researchers found that approximately 50% of epileptic patients feel auras (subjective phenomenon which precedes and indicates an epileptic seizure onset) associated to a physiological anomaly. In this research, a non-invasive seizure prediction methodology is developed in order to improve the quality of life of the patients with epilepsy, alerting them about potential seizure and avoiding falls, injuries, wounds or even death. The research addresses the recognition of patterns in electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocardiographic (ECG) signals taken from 7 patients with focal epilepsy whom are treated at the Instituto de Epilepsia y Parkinson del Eje Cafetero-NEUROCENTRO-. The biosignals were independently analyzed, at least 15 minutes before the seizure onset and in periods with no seizure were considered. The methodology considers the generation of features computed over the discrete wavelet transform of the EEG signal and others related to the heart rate variability in the ECG signal. Using feature selection techniques such as Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) with classification algorithms as cost functions (linear-Bayes and k-nearest neighbors classifier), we found which features have the most relevant information about pre-ictal state and which of them are the most appropriated for seizure forecasting, therefore we found that ECG signal could be a potential resource for predicting epileptic seizures, and we concluded that there are patterns in EEG and ECG signals that, via machine learning algorithms, can predict the epileptic seizure onset.
New socio-political environments and the dynamics of European public research systems

The performance of science and technology is being challenged by new socio-political environments. The changes in science policy are influenced by a more systemic view of the understanding on how science and technology evolve. The concept of risk society is mediating the links between science and society. Comparative analyses cast doubts about the possibilities of European institutions to cope with the challenges of the new environment.
Fault Detection Probability Analysis for Coverage-Based Test Suite Reduction

Test suite reduction seeks to reduce the number of test cases in a test suite while retaining a high percentage of the original suite's fault detection effectiveness. Most approaches to this problem are based on eliminating test cases that are redundant relative to some coverage criterion. The effectiveness of applying various coverage criteria in test suite reduction is traditionally based on empirical comparison of two metrics derived from the full and reduced test suites and information about a set of known faults: (1) percentage size reduction and (2) percentage fault detection reduction, neither of which quantitatively takes test coverage data into account. Consequently, no existing measure expresses the likelihood of various coverage criteria to force coverage-based reduction to retain test cases that expose specific faults. In this paper, we develop and empirically evaluate, using a number of different coverage criteria, a new metric based on the "average expected probability of finding a fault" in a reduced test suite. Our results indicate that the average probability of detecting each fault shows promise for identifying coverage criteria that work well for test suite reduction.
Building Web information systems using Web services

Hera is a model-driven methodology for designing Web information systems. In the past a CASE tool for the Hera methodology was implemented. This software had different components that together form one centralized application. In this paper, we present a distributed Web service-oriented architecture for the Hera software in which components are mapped to Web services. The present CASE tool is based on two Web services: a data service which maps to the data component and a presentation service which maps to the presentation component. For these two Web services a detailed description of their interfaces in WSDL is given as well as examples of SOAP messages exchanged between these services and a client. The paper also proposes how to extend the present architecture in order to include other services like an adaptation service for performing presentation adaptation based on a user profile and a profile service as a shared memory service for user profiles
Peroxisomal lactate dehydrogenase is generated by translational readthrough in mammals

Translational readthrough gives rise to low abundance proteins with C-terminal extensions beyond the stop codon. To identify functional translational readthrough, we estimated the readthrough propensity (RTP) of all stop codon contexts of the human genome by a new regression model in silico, identified a nucleotide consensus motif for high RTP by using this model, and analyzed all readthrough extensions in silico with a new predictor for peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (PTS1). Lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) showed the highest combined RTP and PTS1 probability. Experimentally we show that at least 1.6% of the total cellular LDHB is targeted to the peroxisome by a conserved hidden PTS1. The readthrough-extended lactate dehydrogenase subunit LDHBx can also co-import LDHA, the other LDH subunit, into peroxisomes. Peroxisomal LDH is conserved in mammals and likely contributes to redox equivalent regeneration in peroxisomes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03640. 001
Simplified alternating-direction message passing for dual MAP LP-relaxation

The approximate MAP inference over (factor) graphic models is of great importance in many applications. Due to its simplicity, linear-programming (LP) relaxation has become one of the most popular approaches to approximate MAP. In this paper, we propose a new message passing algorithm for the MAP LP-relaxation problem by using the alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMM). At each iteration, the new algorithm performs two layers of optimization sequentially, that is node-oriented optimization and factor-oriented optimization. On the other hand, the recently proposed augmented dual LP (ADLP) algorithm, also based on the ADMM, has to perform three layers of optimization. We refer to our new algorithm as the simplified ADLP (SiADLP) algorithm. The design of the SiADLP algorithm stems from a new formulation for the dual LP problem. Experimental results show that the SiADLP algorithm outperforms the ADLP method.
The biomechanics of concussion in unhelmeted football players in Australia: a case–control study

Objective Concussion is a prevalent brain injury in sport and the wider community. Despite this, little research has been conducted investigating the dynamics of impacts to the unprotected human head and injury causation in vivo, in particular the roles of linear and angular head acceleration. Setting Professional contact football in Australia. Participants Adult male professional Australian rules football players participating in 30 games randomly selected from 103 games. Cases selected based on an observable head impact, no observable symptoms (eg, loss-of-consciousness and convulsions), no on-field medical management and no injury recorded at the time. Primary and secondary outcome measures A data set for no-injury head impact cases comprising head impact locations and head impact dynamic parameters estimated through rigid body simulations using the MAthematical DYnamic MOdels (MADYMO) human facet model. This data set was compared to previously reported concussion case data. Results Qualitative analysis showed that the head was more vulnerable to lateral impacts. Logistic regression analyses of head acceleration and velocity components revealed that angular acceleration of the head in the coronal plane had the strongest association with concussion; tentative tolerance levels of 1747 rad/s2 and 2296 rad/s2 were reported for a 50% and 75% likelihood of concussion, respectively. The mean maximum resultant angular accelerations for the concussion and no-injury cases were 7951 rad/s2 (SD 3562 rad/s2) and 4300 rad/s2 (SD 3657 rad/s2), respectively. Linear acceleration is currently used in the assessment of helmets and padded headgear. The 50% and 75% likelihood of concussion values for resultant linear head acceleration in this study were 65.1 and 88.5 g, respectively. Conclusions As hypothesised by Holbourn over 70 years ago, angular acceleration plays an important role in the pathomechanics of concussion, which has major ramifications in terms of helmet design and other efforts to prevent and manage concussion.
A 1-Watt Ku-band power amplifier in SiGe with 37.5% PAE

This paper demonstrates a 1-Watt output power amplifier MMIC operating from 13.5GHz to 14.5GHz (Ku-band). The power amplifier employs an on-chip integrated 16-way in-phase output current combiner to achieve the required output power. Implemented in a 0.25-μm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology, the power amplifier achieves a power-added efficiency of 37.5% at 14.1GHz with greater than 35.5% across the band of interest.
Decreased Polyamine Content of Concanavalin A Stimulated Lymphocytes in Down's Syndrome Subjects

Summary: Increased polyamine content is associated with increased rates of cell growth. Several Down's syndrome (D.S.) tissues have been shown to have decreased growth rates. Studies were undertaken to determine if the polyamine content of stimulated D.S. lymphocytes was similar to that of stimulated normal cells. Lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in the presence of Concanavalin A for 4 or 5 days. Polyamines were then extracted and quantitated. After 4 days spermidine content for normal cells was 930.9 ± 127 and for D.S. cells 489.2 ± 113.1 nmoles/109 cells (P < 0.025). Spermine content of normal cells was 1152.8 ± 157.4 and for D.S. cells 533.9 ± 82.0 (P < 0.005). After 5 days in culture spermidine content of normal cells was 803.0 ± 75.9 and for D.S. cells 446.2 ± 76.5 nmoles/109 cells (P < 0.005). Spermine content was 1155.7 ± 121.9 for normal cells and 555.1 ± 68.4 nmoles/109 for D.S. cells. Decreased content of polyamines in D.S. -stimulated lymphocytes is most probably due to decreased rate of polyamine synthesis. Decreased content of polyamines in response to stimulation may be a factor in decreased growth rates and altered immune function seen in D.S. patients.Speculation: Polyamine content is associated with increased rates of DNA and cell replication. If decreased polyamine synthesis occurred in multiple tissues in Down's syndrome, it could result in a total decrease in cell number and small stature present in Down's syndrome patients.
Preperiodic points for families of rational maps

Let X be a smooth curve defined over Q¯ , let a,b∈P1(Q¯) and let fλ(x)∈Q¯(x) be an algebraic family of rational maps indexed by all λ∈X(C) . We study whether there exist infinitely many λ∈X(C) such that both a and b are preperiodic for fλ . In particular, we show that if P,Q∈Q¯[x] such that deg(P)⩾2+deg(Q) , and if a,b∈Q¯ such that a is periodic for P(x)/Q(x) , but b is not preperiodic for P(x)/Q(x) , then there exist at most finitely many λ∈C such that both a and b are preperiodic for P(x)/Q(x)+λ . We also prove a similar result for certain two‐dimensional families of endomorphisms of P2 . As a by‐product of our method, we extend a recent result of Ingram [‘Variation of the canonical height for a family of polynomials’, J. reine. angew. Math. 685 (2013), 73–97] for the variation of the canonical height in a family of polynomials to a similar result for families of rational maps.
A three-phase full soft-switching current-fed naturally clamped DC-DC converter for high-power energy storage applications

The paper focuses on operation of a novel bidirectional three-phase full soft-switching current-fed naturally clamped DC-DC converter meant for high power battery energy storage and UPS applications. The converter proposed features continuous output current in charging operation mode, which is an advantage when interfacing battery into a DC bus with considerably higher operating voltage. The operation principle is described by means of equivalent circuit for a selected one third of the switching period. Simulation study was performed in order to verify theoretical operation principle and to compare conduction losses in the three-phase converter proposed with those in its single-phase counterpart. The converter proposed has shown features advantageous in high and medium power energy storage and UPS applications.
Dendritic cells retrovirally overexpressing IL‐12 induce strong Th1 responses to inhaled antigen in the lung but fail to revert established Th2 sensitization

It has been postulated that low‐level interleukin (IL)‐12 production of antigen‐presenting cells is associated with the risk of developing atopic asthma. To study the relationship between IL‐12 production capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) and development of T helper type 2 (Th2) responses in the lung, we genetically engineered DCs to constutively overexpress bioactive IL‐12. Retrovirally mediated overexpression of IL‐12 in DCs strongly polarized naïve ovalbumin (OVA)‐specific CD4+ T cells toward Th1 effector cells in vitro. After intratracheal injection, OVA‐pulsed IL‐12‐overexpressing DCs failed to induce Th2 responses in vivo and no longer primed mice for Th2‐dependent eosinophilic airway inflammation upon OVA aerosol challenge, readily observed in mice immunized with sham‐transfected, OVA‐pulsed DCs. Analysis of a panel of cytokines and chemokines in the lung demonstrated that the lack of Th2 sensitization was accompanied by increased production of the Th1 cytokine interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), chemokines induced by IFN‐γ, and the immunoregulatory cytokine IL‐10. When Th2 priming was induced using OVA/alum prior to intratracheal DC administration, DCs constitutively expressing IL‐12 were no longer capable of preventing eosinophilic airway inflammation and even enhanced it. These data show directly that high‐level expression of IL‐12 in DCs prevents the development of Th2 sensitization. Enhancing IL‐12 production in DCs should be seen as a primary prevention strategy for atopic disorders. Enhancing IL‐12 production in DCs is less likely to be of benefit in already Th2‐sensitized individuals.
Long-Term Protective Immune Response Elicited by Vaccination with an Expression Genomic Library of Toxoplasma gondii

ABSTRACT Immunization of BALB/c mice with an expression genomic library of Toxoplasma gondii induces a Th1-type immune response, with recognition of several T. gondii proteins (21 to 117 kDa) and long-term protective immunity against a lethal challenge. These results support further investigations to achieve a multicomponent anti-T. gondii DNA vaccine.
Building a distributed digital library for natural disasters metadata with grid services and RDF

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the main challenges of identifying and accessing useful information and knowledge about natural hazards and disasters results. The paper presents a grid‐based digital library system designed to address the challenges.Design/methodology/approach – The need to organize and publish metadata about European research results in the field of natural disasters has been met with the help of two innovative technologies: the Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA) and the Resource Description Framework (RDF). OGSA provides a common platform for sharing distributed metadata securely. RDF facilitates the creation and exchange of metadata.Findings – Using grid technology allows the RDF metadata of European research results in the field of natural disasters to be shared securely and effectively in a heterogeneous network environment.Originality/value – A metadata approach is proposed for the extraction of the metadata, and their distribution to third parties in batch, and their sharin.
2 Modeling Spatial Information in Sensor Networks

Thispaperdescribes everalwayssensornetworkscanbenefit from geospatial informationandidentifiestwo research directions. First, bettermodelsof localizationerror, logical location,andcommunications costsarerequired to understandthe interactions betweenspatial informationand control andcommunicationsalgorithmsin sensornetworks. Second, wider use of spatial information in denselydeployed sensornetworks will move sensornetworking applicationsfrom simpletrackingto objectcounting andarea monitoring, andcanenabledatamining techniquessensor networks to accomplish “spatialsensormining”.
A probabilistic spectral graph matching algorithm for robust correspondence between lunar surface images

The correspondence between key points is an important problem in lunar surface image processing, and further lays the foundation for the navigation of a rover and the terrain reconstruction of the lunar surface. However, the problem is still challenging due to the existence of large scale and rotation transformations, reflected view of the same scenery, and different illumination conditions between acquired images as the lunar rover moves forward. Traditional appearance matching algorithms, like SIFT, often fail in handling the above situations. By utilizing the structural cues between points, in this paper we propose a probabilistic spectral graph matching method to tackle the point correspondence problem in lunar surface images acquired by Yutu lunar rover which has been recently transmitted to the moon by China's Chang'e-3 lunar probe. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed method has three advantages. First, the incorporation of the structural information makes the matching more robust with respect to geometric transformations and illumination changes. Second, the assignment between points is interpreted in a probabilistic manner, and thus the best assignments can be easily figured out by ranking the probabilities. Third, the optimization problem can be efficiently approximately solved by spectral decomposition. Simulations on real lunar surface images witness the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Antinociceptive activity of transient receptor potential channel TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8 antagonists in neurogenic and neuropathic pain models in mice

The aim of this research was to assess the antinociceptive activity of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1 antagonists in neurogenic, tonic, and neuropathic pain models in mice. For this purpose, TRP channel antagonists were administered into the dorsal surface of a hind paw 15 min before capsaicin, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), or formalin. Their antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic efficacies after intraperitoneal administration were also assessed in a paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model. Motor coordination of paclitaxeltreated mice that received these TRP channel antagonists was investigated using the rotarod test. TRPV1 antagonists, capsazepine and SB-366791, attenuated capsaicin-induced nociceptive reaction in a concentration-dependent manner. At 8 μg/20 μl, this effect was 51% (P<0.001) for capsazepine and 37% (P<0.05) for SB-366791. A TRPA1 antagonist, A-967079, reduced pain reaction by 48% (P<0.05) in the AITC test and by 54% (P<0.001) in the early phase of the formalin test. The test compounds had no influence on the late phase of the formalin test. In paclitaxel-treated mice, they did not attenuate heat hyperalgesia but N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-{[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]oxy}-N-(2-thienylmethyl) benzamide hydrochloride salt (AMTB), a TRPM8 antagonist, reduced cold hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia by 31% (P<0.05) and 51% (P<0.01), respectively. HC-030031, a TRPA1 channel antagonist, attenuated tactile allodynia in the von Frey test (62%; P<0.001). In conclusion, distinct members of TRP channel family are involved in different pain models in mice. Antagonists of TRP channels attenuate nocifensive responses of neurogenic, tonic, and neuropathic pain, but their efficacies strongly depend on the pain model used. 摘要目的评价瞬时受体电位通道(TRP通道)TRPV1、 TRPA1和TRPM8拮抗剂在小鼠神经源性、 持续性和神经病理性疼痛模型中的作用。 方法通过辣椒素实验、 异硫氰酸烯丙酯(AITC)实验和福尔马林实验, 评估TRP通道拮抗剂在小鼠神经源性疼痛模型中的镇痛作用; 通过建立紫杉醇诱导的小鼠神经病理性疼痛模型, 对TRP通道拮抗剂的抗痛觉(冷、 热、 触觉)过敏效应进行评估; 通过旋转法实验对小鼠的运动协调性进行评估。 结论TRP通道家族包含了不同的小鼠疼痛模型。 TRP通道拮抗剂能减轻神经源性、 持续性和神经病理性疼痛, 但是其镇痛效果与疼痛模型有关。
H2O2-induced Intermolecular Disulfide Bond Formation between Receptor Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases*

Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase α (RPTPα) belongs to the subfamily of receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatases that are characterized by two catalytic domains of which only the membrane-proximal one (D1) exhibits appreciable catalytic activity. The C-terminal catalytic domain (D2) regulates RPTPα catalytic activity by controlling rotational coupling within RPTPα dimers. RPTPα-D2 changes conformation and thereby rotational coupling within RPTPα dimers in response to changes in the cellular redox state. Here we report a decrease in motility of RPTPα from cells treated with H2O2 on non-reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gels to a position that corresponds to RPTPα dimers, indicating intermolecular disulfide bond formation. Using mutants of all individual cysteines in RPTPα and constructs encoding the individual protein-tyrosine phosphatase domains, we located the intermolecular disulfide bond to the catalytic Cys-723 in D2. Disulfide bond formation and dimer stabilization showed similar levels of concentration and time dependence. However, treatment of lysates with dithiothreitol abolished intermolecular disulfide bonds but not stable dimer formation. Intermolecular disulfide bond formation and rotational coupling were also found using a chimera of the extracellular domain of RPTPα fused to the transmembrane and intracellular domain of the leukocyte common antigen-related protein (LAR). These results suggest that H2O2 treatment leads to oxidation of the catalytic Cys in D2, which then rapidly forms a disulfide bond with the D2 catalytic Cys of the dyad-related monomer, rendering an inactive RPTP dimer. Recovery from oxidative stress first leads to the reduction of the disulfide bond followed by a slower refolding of the protein to the active conformation.