Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical pathology and treatment of renin-angiotensin system 1. Usefulness of blocking of the renin-angiotensin system in treatment of chronic heart failure.

In the last 30 years, the concept of chronic heart failure (CHF) has changed. Before the 1970s, the fundamental pathophysiology of CHF was thought to be volumeoverload, and thereby the first line of drugs for CHF included digitalis and diuretics. In the 1970s, numerous experimental and clinical studies of cardiac function brought about the change in the concept of CHF that the main pathophysiology of CHF is regarded as pump failure and an increase in the afterload. In accordance with the concept change, positive inotropic agents and vasodilators became widely used. As is well known however, the positive inotropic agents did not improve survival but rather worsened it. In 1987, CONSENSUS study (1) for the first time disclosed the usefulness of the ACE inhibitor, enarapril; it improves survival of severe CHF compared with placebo. Also the V-Heft trail (2) proved that ACE-inhibitors have a more beneficial effect on cardiac function and survival than the so-called vasodilator, hydralaradine. This finding, together with many clinical studies, proves that blocking of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) improves cardiac function, left ventricular remodeling and survival. In the 1980s, numerous humoral factors, such as the natriuretic peptide family, all of which regulate cardiovascular homeostasis, were discovered and their receptors were also cloned. Moreover, development of their blockers or the mice overexpressing or lacking the gene encoding cardiovascular hormone has provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the development and progression of CHF.
MBrace: cloud computing with monads

As cloud computing and big data gain prominence in today's economic landscape, the challenge of effectively articulating complex algorithms in distributed environments becomes ever more important. In this paper we describe MBrace; a novel programming model/framework for performing large scale computation in the cloud. Based on the . NET software stack, it utilizes the power of the F# programming language. MBrace introduces a declarative style for specifying and composing parallelism patterns, in what is known as cloud workflows or a cloud monad. MBrace is also a distributed execution runtime that handles orchestration of cloud workflows in the data centre.
Fuzzy Temporal Segmentation and Probabilistic Recognition of Continuous Human Daily Activities

Understanding human activities is an essential capability for intelligent robots to help people in a variety of applications. Humans perform activities in a continuous fashion, and transitions between temporally adjacent activities are gradual. Our Fuzzy Segmentation and Recognition (FuzzySR) algorithm explicitly reasons about gradual transitions between continuous human activities. Our objective is to simultaneously segment a given video into a sequence of events and recognize the activity contained in each event. The algorithm uniformly segments the video into a sequence of nonoverlapping blocks, each lasting a short period of time. Then, a multivariable time series is formed by concatenating block-level human activity summaries that are computed using topic models over local spatiotemporal features extracted from each block. Through encoding an event as a fuzzy set with fuzzy boundaries to represent gradual transitions, our approach is capable of segmenting the continuous visual data into a sequence of fuzzy events. By incorporating all block summaries contained in an event, our algorithm determines the activity label for each event. To evaluate performance, we conduct experiments using six datasets. Our algorithm shows promising continuous activity segmentation results on these datasets and obtains the event-level activity recognition precision of 42.6%, 60.4%, 65.2%, and 78.9% on the Hollywood-2, CAD-60, ACT $4^2$, and UTK-CAP datasets, respectively.
X-Ray Views on a Class using Concept Analysis

Within object oriented software, the minimal unit of development and testing is a class. So understanding how a class is defined and behaves is important. Considering that a class is composed of instance variables and methods, the process is not so easy to achieve because we must decide which different viewpoints can help us to detect features of a class. These viewpoints can include identifying groups of methods accessing a (set of) instance variable(s), groups of methods that interact among themselves to provide a functionality or groups of methods that behave as interface. Thus, with these different groups, we are able to know the different hidden characteristics of a class. In this position paper, we propose to apply Concept Analysis to generate the different groups of (collaborating) entities and use these groups to define different views. These views will help us to get the main features of a class.
A Review of RFO Induction Motor Parameter Estimation Techniques

An induction motor is the most frequently used electric machine in high-performance drive applications. Control schemes of such drives require an exact knowledge of at least some of the induction motor parameters. Any mismatch between the parameter values used within the controller and actual parameter values in the motor leads to a deterioration in the drive performance. Numerous methods for induction machine on-line and off-line parameter estimation have been developed exclusively for application in high-performance drives. This paper aims at providing a review of the major techniques used for the induction motor parameter estimation. The paper is illustrated throughout with experimental and simulation examples related to various parameter estimation techniques.
Voice Cues, Keyboard Entry and Mouse Click for Detection of Affective and Cognitive States: A Case for Use in Technology-Based Pedagogy

While significant work is being done in order to develop empathic agents which can identify emotions of the user through eye gaze and facial expressions, a neglected area, especially in the pedagogical context, is the use of voice for detection of alertness, fatigue and emotions. Some of the issues are lack of constant monitoring and visual feedback. However, such a system has advantages - the ability to work where visual monitoring is expensive, in darkness or where mobile devices cannot provide adequate visual feedback. We propose a model for a system capable of identifying emotions as well as alertness and fatigue based entirely on voice interaction, keyboard and mouse clicks, we also propose to develop an engine which can intelligently improve its prediction of emotions and cognitive states based on earlier interaction, and suggest appropriate measures to improve emotions, reduce distractions and mitigate fatigue.
Analysis of dynamic nonlinearity of flow control loop through modified relay test probing

Most of the controller tuning methods in process control are based on linear models. Through the development of a detail model of the actuator-pneumatic valve dynamics, we show that even if the static characteristic of the valve is linear (including possible linearity of the flow dependence on the valve opening) the actuator-valve dynamics are strongly nonlinear. Therefore, tuning of the flow loop will be affected by the selection of the operating point and the amplitude of the relay in the relay feedback test (RFT) or modifications of this test. It is shown that Lyapunov linearisation around an equilibrium point fails to provide a local linear model of the system, and modified RFT probing is used for investigation of the system dynamics. The same test is used for the proportional-integral controller tuning in various operating points. It is recommended that the difference in the dynamic response of the loop for different relay amplitudes and operating points should be accounted for by larger stability margins.
The Comparison of College Ideological and Political Education in Japan,Singapore and Korea and the Enlightenment to China

Japan,Singapore,Korea and China have similar cultural background and historical traditions.So it's feasible to compare the goals,content,and implementing methods of ideological and political education of these four countries.College ideological and political education in Japan,Singapore and Korea all has class nature and politics nature,emphasizes the cultivation of patriotism and national spirit,combines the traditional Confucianism with the practice,pays attention to invisible education and emphasizes combination of knowledge and action.Such comparison has an important meaning of enlightenment to the promotion of our country's college ideological and political education in the new period.
Frequency-shift: a way to reduce aliasing in the complex cepstrum

The well-known relation between a time signal and its frequency-shifted spectrum is introduced as an excellent tool for reduction of aliasing in the complex cepstrum. Using N points DFTs the frequency-shift property, when used in the right way, will reduce the aliasing error to a size which on average is identical to the one normally requiring 2N points DFTs. The cost is an insignificant increase in the number of operations compared to the total number needed for the transformation to the complex cepstrum domain.
Corporate Ownership Structure and the Informativeness of Accounting Earnings in East Asia

This study examines the relations between earnings informativeness, measured by the earnings-return relation, and the ownership structure of 977 companies in seven East Asian economies. Our results are consistent with two complementary explanations. First, concentrated ownership and the associated pyramidal and cross-holding structures create agency conflicts between controlling owners and outside investors. Consequently, controlling owners are perceived to report accounting information for self-interested purposes, causing the reported earnings to lose credibility to outside investors. Second, concentrated ownership is associated with low earnings informativeness as ownership concentration prevents leakage of proprietary information about the firms' rent-seeking activities, which are prevalent and profitable in East Asia.
Exploring Visual Cues for Intuitive Communicability of Touch Gestures to Pre-kindergarten Children

Pre-kindergarten children are becoming frequent users of multi-touch technology and, according to previous studies they are able to perform several multi-touch gestures successfully. However, they do not use these devices supervised at all times. Consequently, interactive applications for pre-kindergarteners need to convey their underlying design intent and interactive principles with respect to touch interaction. In this paper, we present and evaluate two approaches to communicate three different touch gestures (tap, drag and scale up) to pre-kindergarten users. Our results show, firstly, that it is possible to effectively communicate them using visual cues and, secondly, that an animated semiotic approach is better than an iconic one.
Variability of blowfly head optomotor responses

SUMMARY Behavioural responses of an animal are variable even when the animal experiences the same sensory input several times. This variability can arise from stochastic processes inherent to the nervous system. Also, the internal state of an animal may influence a particular behavioural response. In the present study, we analyse the variability of visually induced head pitch responses of tethered blowflies by high-speed cinematography. We found these optomotor responses to be highly variable in amplitude. Most of the variability can be attributed to two different internal states of the flies with high and low optomotor gain, respectively. Even within a given activity state, there is some variability of head optomotor responses. The amount of this variability differs for the two optomotor gain states. Moreover, these two activity states can be distinguished on a fine timescale and without visual stimulation, on the basis of the occurrence of peculiar head jitter movements. Head jitter goes along with high gain optomotor responses and haltere oscillations. Halteres are evolutionary transformed hindwings that oscillate when blowflies walk or fly. Their main function is to serve as equilibrium organs by detecting Coriolis forces and to mediate gaze stabilisation. However, their basic oscillating activity was also suggested to provide a gain-modulating signal. Our experiments demonstrate that halteres are not necessary for high gain head pitch to occur. Nevertheless, we find the halteres to be responsible for one component of head jitter movements. This component may be the inevitable consequence of their function as equilibrium and gaze-stabilising organs.
Tracing the Development of Typewriting Skills in an Adaptive E-Learning Environment

Typewriting studies which compare novice and expert typists have suggested that highly trained typing skills involve cognitive process with an inner and outer loop, which regulate keystrokes and words, respectively. The present study investigates these loops longitudinally, using multi-level modeling of 1,091,707 keystroke latencies from 62 children (M age = 12.6yr.) following an online typing course. Using finger movement repetition as indicator of the inner loop and words typed as indicator of the outer loop, practicing keystroke latencies resulted in different developmental curves for each loop. Moreover, based on plateaus in the developmental curves, the inner loop seemed to require less practice to develop than the outer loop.
LncRBase: An Enriched Resource for lncRNA Information

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, which show evidence of pervasive transcription and participate in a plethora of cellular regulatory processes. Although several noncoding transcripts have been functionally annotated as lncRNAs within the genome, not all have been proven to fulfill the criteria for a functional regulator and further analyses have to be done in order to include them in a functional cohort. LncRNAs are being classified and reclassified in an ongoing annotation process, and the challenge is fraught with ambiguity, as newer evidences of their biogenesis and functional implication come into light. In our effort to understand the complexity of this still enigmatic biomolecule, we have developed a new database entitled “LncRBase” where we have classified and characterized lncRNAs in human and mouse. It is an extensive resource of human and mouse lncRNA transcripts belonging to fourteen distinct subtypes, with a total of 83,201 entries for mouse and 133,361 entries for human: among these, we have newly annotated 8,507 mouse and 14,813 human non coding RNA transcripts (from UCSC and H-InvDB 8.0) as lncRNAs. We have especially considered protein coding gene loci which act as hosts for non coding transcripts. LncRBase includes different lncRNA transcript variants of protein coding genes within LncRBase. LncRBase provides information about the genomic context of different lncRNA subtypes, their interaction with small non coding RNAs (ncRNAs) viz. piwi interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) and their mode of regulation, via association with diverse other genomic elements. Adequate knowledge about genomic origin and molecular features of lncRNAs is essential to understand their functional and behavioral complexities. Overall, LncRBase provides a thorough study on various aspects of lncRNA origin and function and a user-friendly interface to search for lncRNA information. LncRBase is available at http://bicresources.jcbose. ac.in/zhumur/lncrbase.
Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in paediatric urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and association with routine use of antibiotics in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To systematically review studies investigating the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli in children and, when appropriate, to meta-analyse the relation between previous antibiotics prescribed in primary care and resistance. Design and data analysis Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled percentage prevalence of resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics in children in primary care, stratified by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) status of the study country. Random effects meta-analysis was used to quantify the association between previous exposure to antibiotics in primary care and resistance. Data sources Observational and experimental studies identified through Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases, searched for articles published up to October 2015. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Studies were eligible if they investigated and reported resistance in community acquired urinary tract infection in children and young people aged 0-17. Electronic searches with MeSH terms and text words identified 3115 papers. Two independent reviewers assessed study quality and performed data extraction. Results 58 observational studies investigated 77 783 E coli isolates in urine. In studies from OECD countries, the pooled prevalence of resistance was 53.4% (95% confidence interval 46.0% to 60.8%) for ampicillin, 23.6% (13.9% to 32.3%) for trimethoprim, 8.2% (7.9% to 9.6%) for co-amoxiclav, and 2.1% (0.8 to 4.4%) for ciprofloxacin; nitrofurantoin was the lowest at 1.3% (0.8% to 1.7%). Resistance in studies in countries outside the OECD was significantly higher: 79.8% (73.0% to 87.7%) for ampicillin, 60.3% (40.9% to 79.0%) for co-amoxiclav, 26.8% (11.1% to 43.0%) for ciprofloxacin, and 17.0% (9.8% to 24.2%) for nitrofurantoin. There was evidence that bacterial isolates from the urinary tract from individual children who had received previous prescriptions for antibiotics in primary care were more likely to be resistant to antibiotics, and this increased risk could persist for up to six months (odds ratio 13.23, 95% confidence interval 7.84 to 22.31). Conclusions Prevalence of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics in primary care in children with urinary tract infections caused by E coli is high, particularly in countries outside the OECD, where one possible explanation is the availability of antibiotics over the counter. This could render some antibiotics ineffective as first line treatments for urinary tract infection. Routine use of antibiotics in primary care contributes to antimicrobial resistance in children, which can persist for up to six months after treatment.
Persian POS tagging using probabilistic morphological analysis

Part of speech (POS) tagging as a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP) has attracted many research efforts and many taggers are developed with different approaches to reach high performance and accuracy. In many complex applications of NLP, tagged corpora are among essential resources and designing an algorithm to create or enrich these resources is of high importance. Handling unknown words is a challenge in POS tagging which usually decreases the performance of taggers. This paper presents a POS tagger for Persian. It exploits a hybrid approach which is a combination of statistical and rule-based methods to tag Persian sentences. The proposed tagger uses a novel probabilistic morphological analysis to tag unknown words. As a secondary result of this research a knowledge base of Persian morphological rules with their probabilities is built according to a corpus. Experimental results show that our method improves the tagging performance and accuracy.
The future in clinical genetics : affective forecasting biases in patient and clinician decision making

When clinicians facilitate and patients make decisions about predictive genetic testing, they often base their choices on the predicted emotional consequences of positive and negative test results. Research from psychology and decision making suggests that such predictions may often be biased. Work on affective forecasting – predicting one’s future emotional states – shows that people tend to overestimate the impact of (especially negative) emotional events on their well-being; a phenomenon termed the impact bias . In this article, we review the causes and consequences of the impact bias in medical decision making, with a focus on applying such findings to predictive testing in clinical genetics. We also recommend strategies for reducing the impact bias and consider the ethical and practical implications of doing so.
The study of linear model for spectral images

Reflectance spectra of hyperspectral images of the natural scenes are supposed to represent the real world better than any certain classes of natural and man-made spectral reflectance. The question is how the low-dimensional linear model which can be used to approximate Munsell reflectance samples will perform on spectral images and how many parameters are required? To answer these questions, in this paper a statistical analysis of the spectral data sets of spectral images has been applied based on low-dimensional linear modelling. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique has been used and sets of reflectance have been reproduced using different numbers of basis functions. The reconstructed spectra have been evaluated and compared with the original spectra. The results show linear models are dependent upon the data sets and small number of basis functions can be used to represent spectral images.
Blood transfusion and total joint replacement surgery: T helper 2 (TH2) cytokine secretion and clinical outcome

Surgery and blood transfusions have both been reported to cause decreases in various measures of cell‐mediated immunity. A study of in vitro T helper lymphocyte type 2 (Th2) cytokine secretion after major joint replacement surgery was performed because these cytokines (IL4 and IL10) generally down‐regulate cellular immune function. Th1 cytokines such as IL2 tend to up‐regulate cellular immunity. Forty‐three patients undergoing elective joint replacement surgery had pre‐ and multiple post‐operative levels of IL2, IL4 and IL10 secretion measured and analysed with regard to demographic and clinical outcome data. Total joint replacement alone without allogeneic transfusions led to substantial increases in peak mean IL4 (2.1 times the pre‐operative level) and IL10 secretion in vitro (4.3‐fold) compared with much more modest increases in IL2 (1.36‐fold) (P < 0.0001 for changes from baseline for each cytokine). In 14 patients who received allogeneic transfusions, these changes were greater than those in recipients of only autologous blood for IL4 (5.0‐fold; P = 0.0036 vs. no allogeneic transfusion) and IL10 (15.7‐fold; P = 0.079) but not for IL2 (1.38‐fold; P = 0.38). The dramatic increase in Th2 cytokine secretion and minimal change in Th1 cytokine secretion after total joint replacement, with or without allogeneic transfusions, was seen regardless of type of anaesthetic, duration of surgery or whether knee or hip replacement occurred. These changes in cytokine patterns may contribute to the decreases in cellular immune function seen after surgery. Allogeneic transfusions but not autologous transfusions appear to exacerbate this immune deviation toward a T helper 2 (Th2) type response, and thus probably contribute to down‐regulation of cellular immunity in the setting of joint replacement surgery.
Non-intrusive Patient Monitoring of Alzheimer's Disease Subjects Using Wireless Sensor Networks

On aging there is a decrease in the cognitive functions of the brain which can result in behavioral anomalies such as wandering and susceptibility to fall, typical of patients with Alzheimer's disease. In order to learn how to manage patients with cognitive impairment it is necessary to non-intrusively monitor brain activity in conjunction with body movements. To facilitate the translation of insights derived through wireless monitoring into robust strategies for crisis prevention and management, we provide a preliminary assessment of a patient monitoring infrastructure, and we discuss related issues and challenges.