Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in characteristics between unemployed with different spells of unemployment.

The causes of differences in the duration of unemployment can be grouped into two categories: the personal characteristics of the unemployed and the structure of the regional economy. In the recent literature the personal characteristics age, education, family status, sex, work-experi¬ ence, and unemployment benefits to income ratio are mentioned as the most important personal characteristics of the unemployed. The demand for labor is considered to be the relevant aspect of the regional economy. To find out whether the group of personal characteristics or the regional structure is the most important determinant of unemployment duration, the 1979 Labor Force Survey for the Netherlands is analyzed. The relevance of the variables for the Dutch situation is critically discussed and a theoretical model is constructed and empirically verified. Possible problems with regard to "data-mining” are taken into account by means of cross-validation. The results indicate that longer spells of unemployment depend mostly on per¬ sonal characteristics and that the structure of the regional economy is of minor importance. Finally, some policy recommendations are formulated. # We gratefully acknowledge to Joost Veenstra for research assistance and to Jules Theeuwes and an anonymous referee for valuable remarks.
QUALITY DISTORSION BY A DISCRIMINATING MONOPOLIST

The standard model of monopolistic imperfect quality discrimination involving consumer self-selection has shown that no distortion occurs at the highest quality level, while all lower quality levels are degraded in order to maintain profitable market segmentation. This result flows from the assumption that consumers with a higher total utility of quality also have a higher marginal utility of quality. The paper develops a reasonable model in which the standard assumption is not satisfied, and this alternative model yields vastly different conclusions regarding the form of quality distortion. In particular, quality may be enhanced, not degraded, to maintain profitable market segmentation. Copyright 1989 by American Economic Association.
A comparative policy analysis of the Clean Development Mechanism in South Africa and China

There has been a general expectation that the emerging economies of South Africa and China, which are heavily dependent upon fossil fuels, could successfully leverage the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). However, experience to date indicates that South Africa has significantly lagged behind China in the uptake of CDM, accounting for only 0.9 per cent of the worldwide registered annual Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), whereas China has dominated the market, generating 54 per cent of the annual worldwide CERs. This article provides a comparative analysis of the CDM experience in China and South Africa to identify the underlying drivers and obstacles to CDM in both countries. The analysis reveals that a strong industrial and energy policy in the host country plays a crucial role in the development of CDM. Our analysis indicates that policies which foster a low-carbon pathway encourage CDM uptake, rather than CDM driving a low-emission development pathway. In addition, the active engagement by key government and private sector stakeholders and the presence of a friendly business environment to uptake CDM significantly impact the utilization of the mechanism.
Temporary Layoffs in the Theory of Unemployment

The typical worker who is laid off is soon rehired by his original employer. This important and generally unnoticed fact requires a major reevaluation of our current theories of unemployment. This paper develops a theory of temporary layoffs. Specific attention is given to the question of why employment is reduced instead of hours. The role of unemployment insurance and of taxes is examined in detail.
From “red multinationals” to capitalist entrepreneurs?

Describes research carried out on the financial performance and operational management of UK subsidiaries of parent organizations based in Eastern Europe and the former USSR. Summarizes earlier research when the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were planned economies, before discussing a recent update of those earlier studies following the recent political and economic changes that have occurred in the former socialist countries. Results highlight the continuities and differences in financial performance, policies and operations of the Western subsidiaries of the former socialist multinationals. Concludes with a discussion of these results, and an evaluation of the extent of the processes of transition of these organizations from socialist multinationals to capitalist entrepreneurs.
A nonsense mutation (W9X) in CRYAA causes autosomal recessive cataract in an inbred Jewish Persian family.

PURPOSE To identify the genetic defect causing autosomal recessive cataract in two inbred families. METHODS Linkage analysis was performed with polymorphic markers close to 14 loci previously shown to be involved in autosomal dominant congenital cataract. In one of the families a gene segregating with the disease was analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and eventually sequenced. RESULTS Three polymorphic markers close to the CRYAA gene located on chromosome 21q segregated with the disease phenotype in one of the families, but not in the other. Sequencing of the CRYAA in this Jewish Persian family revealed a G-to-A substitution, resulting in the formation of a premature stop codon (W9X). CONCLUSIONS A nonsense mutation in the CRYAA gene causes autosomal recessive cataract in one family. This constitutes the first description of the molecular defect underlying nonsyndromic autosomal recessive congenital cataract. That there was no linkage to this locus in another family provides evidence for genetic heterogeneity.
Civil society in Indonesia: the potential and limits of Muhammadiyah.

With the help of two case studies a hospital and a school this article looks at how grassroots initiatives can be a key impetus for the growth in health and education services provided by the Muhammadiyah movement. Such local initiatives are partly driven by a sense of competition with the Christians as well as other Islamic movements. They also come with their own internal politics that are free of external interference in that sense the growth of Muhammadiyah activities constitutes a civil society space independent of the state. Independence does not mean that such activities need to be in conflict with the state. In effect there is a mutually reliant and complementary relationship between Muhammadyah social services and the state that subsidizes them to varying degrees. These factors describe Muhammadiyahs potential for growth as a civil society actor. However the movement also faces limitations such as the paucity of economic resources. Ultimately there also remain major dilemmas such as the contending claims of religious tenets and modernity or to uphold Islam through power politics or cultural politics. (authors)
A neuromorphic head direction cell system

The head direction (HD) cell system in the brain of mammals is thought to be part of the neural circuitry supporting their spatial navigation capabilities. In this paper we present a neuromorphic VLSI system that mimics the operation of the HD system. Relying on spiking neurons and attractor dynamics, this system can be used to represent and retain the current estimate of head orientation in the environment and integrate angular velocity to update this estimate. The presented system is a first step towards more general odometry systems that could be used for modeling biological navigation systems.
Econometric Models on the Value of Advice of a Financial Advisor

Financial institutions frequently describe and advertise the benefits of having a financial advisor. Industry participants routinely claim that advice contributes by, among other things, improving savings and investment behaviours, selecting appropriate financial products, improving the tax efficiency of savings, optimising asset mix for personal circumstances and risk tolerance, and ultimately increasing financial confidence and peace of mind. While these contributions may be plausible, are the effects of advice observable and measurable? Is financial advice worth the cost?
Employability and local labour market policy

The concept of employability has provided a foundation for much current labour market policy. It has also provided a useful framework for analyzing national and urban labour markets and related policies in a variety of different circumstances both for those in and out of work. The papers in this book help progress the concept of employability, demonstrating the importance of the geographic and spatial context, and showing its flexibility and usefulness as a basis for theory, analysis and policy. The papers are divided into two main sections: understanding the concept of employability lessons for labour market policy in changing labour markets. The chapters also provide general insights into many current labour market policy debates. As employability continues to be the foundation of many labour market policies, this volume considers the economic and geographical dimensions of employability in local labour market analysis and policy. This book was previously published as a special issue of the journal Urban Studies
The Limits of Competition Law: Markets and Public Services

Introduction : setting the scene -- Competition law, citizenship rights, and social solidarity -- The UK approach to competition law and public services -- Regulation and the new UK public service law -- The continental tradition of public service -- Public service and European Community law -- Services of general interest, the commission, and reform -- European liberalization and public service obligations -- Public service broadcasting : a special case.
Trade Agreements and Incentives for Environmental Quality: A Western Hemisphere Example

A simple conceptual model can illustrate the potential for trade and environment agreements to satisfy the objectives of lnorthernr countries concerned with environmental protection and lsouthernr countries pursuing export earnings. In a hypothetical empirical example, the United States offers preferential access to fruit juice imports from three Latin American countries in exchange for enhanced protection of farm workers potentially exposed to pesticides during fruit production. Results for this particular case suggest that the benefits of preferential access to the US market substantially outweigh the costs to Latin American countries of adopting pesticide safety regulations similar to those protecting US farm workers. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Promoter Architecture Modulates CFTR Exon 9 Skipping*

Using hybrid minigene experiments, we have investigated the role of the promoter architecture on the regulation of two alternative spliced exons, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) exon 9 and fibronectin extra domain-A (EDB). A specific alternative splicing pattern corresponded to each analyzed promoter. Promoter-dependent sensitivity to cotransfected regulatory splicing factor SF2/ASF was observed only for the CFTR exon 9, whereas that of the EDB was refractory to promoter-mediated regulation. Deletion in the CFTR minigene of the downstream intronic splicing silencer element binding SF2/ASF abolished the specific promoter-mediated response to this splicing factor. A systematic analysis of the regulatory cis-acting elements showed that in the presence of suboptimal splice sites or by deletion of exonic enhancer elements the promoter-dependent sensitivity to splicing factor-mediated inhibition was lost. However, the basal regulatory effect of each promoter was preserved. The complex relationships between the promoter-dependent sensitivity to SF2 modulated by the exon 9 definition suggest a kinetic model of promoter-dependent alternative splicing regulation that possibly involves differential RNA polymerase II elongation.
Detection of anti‐type VII collagen antibody in Sjögren's syndrome/lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome with transient bullous systemic lupus erythematosus

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, widespread, non‐scarring, subepidermal blistering eruption associated with autoimmunity to type VII collagen. We describe a patient with Sjögren's syndrome/lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome who showed transient blistering eruptions over limited skin surface and in oral mucosa. At the time of aggravation, the patient's serum contained IgG autoantibodies that bound to the dermal side of 1 mol/L NaCl‐split normal skin, as determined by an indirect immunofluorescence test, and that reacted to type VII collagen, as determined by immunoblotting on dermal extract. Our observations suggest that a chronic, widespread, blistering eruption is not a prerequisite for the diagnosis of bullous SLE, and a mild, transient, blistering eruption could be a manifestation of type I bullous SLE.
Molecular Biological Methods in Environmental Engineering

Bacteria, acting as catalysts, perform the function of degrading pollutants. Molecular biological techniques play an important role in research on the community analysis, the composition and the functions of complex microbial communities. The development of secondary high‐throughput pyrosequencing techiniques enhances the understanding of the composition of the microbial community. The literatures of 2015 indicated that 16S rDNA gene as genetic tag is still the important method for bacteria identification and classification. 454 high throughput sequencing and Illumina MiSeq sequencing have been the primary and widely recognized methods to analyze the microbial. This review will provide environmental engineers and microbiologists an overview of important advancements in molecular techniques and highlight the application of these methods in diverse environments.
Determination of Total Mercury and Methylmercury in Human Hair by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Using 2,3-Dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate as a Complexing Agent

For the determination of total mercury in hair, an amount (25.0 mg) of hair sample was digested with conc. HNO_3 (400 µl) at 90°C for 10 min in a 7-ml teflon microreaction vessel. After digestion, the pH of the acidic hair mixture was adjusted to 5.0 - 6.0 by NaOH and was then passed through a clean-up Sep-Pak C_18 cartridge. To the eluate, 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) and sodium acetate buffer (pH = 6.0) were added to form a mercury-DMPS complex. This complex was preconcentrated on two Sep-Pak C_18 cartridges in series, and each cartridge was eluted with methanol and adjusted to 2.00 ml. A portion (50 µl) was introduced into a graphite cuvette and then atomized according to a temperature program. The method detection limit (MDL, 3 s ) was 0.064 (µg g^-1); the calibration graph was linear up to 7.52 µg g^-1. Good accuracies were obtained when testing two human hair certified reference materials (GBW 09101 and BCR-397). Six real samples were analyzed, and the recoveries were 95.8 - 98.2% with a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 3) < 2.1%. For the determination of methylmercury (CH_3Hg^+), 25.0 mg of hair sample was extracted with 2.0 mol dm^-3 HCl (1.0 ml) by ultrasonicating for 1 h. The supernatant solution was used for CH_3Hg^+ analysis and the hair residue was used for the analysis of inorganic mercury (Hg^2+). The MDL of CH_3Hg^+ was 0.068 µg g^-1; the calibration graph was linear up to 6.00 µg g^-1. Six real samples were analyzed, and the recoveries were 96.0 - 99.2% with RSD ( n = 3) < 2.3%. The sum of the concentrations of CH_3Hg^+ and Hg^2+ was very close to that of the total mercury measured with a relative error within 3.6%. The proposed method can be accurately applied to the measurement of CH_3Hg^+, Hg^2+, and total mercury in hair samples.
A design of a new resistor string DAC for phones applications in 130nm technology

This paper presents a design of a new resistor string digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in 130-nm CMOS technology for phones applications. The proposed DAC was designed with a resistor string architecture for high frequency, high speed, high accuracy and low glitches, optimized deglitch circuit is adopted for the selection of resistor string. The layout occupies a small active area of 32.80um × 46.90um in CMOS 130nm, the power consumption is only 361.574 uW, the measured integral nonlinearity (INL) and the measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) respectively are ±0.00026LSB and ± 0.00034LSB.
Inhibition of the α1β1 Isoform of the Na, K-ATPase by 8-methoxycoumestrol Without Positive Inotropic Effect in Human Myocardium-Novel Aspects of Cardiac Glycoside Pharmacology

Background: The Na,K-ATPase (NKA) is necessary for maintaining the resting membrane potential by transporting Na+ and K+ ions across the cell membrane. Although its 3 isoforms expressed in human heart (α1β1, α2β1, and α3β1) possess similar biochemical properties, their specific functions in human tissues remain unknown. In our search for an isoform-specific agent, which can serve to identify isoform-specific functions, we examined 8-methoxycoumestrol in its ability to inhibit the NKA and to produce inotropism in connection with the possibility to identify the NKA isoform-specific functions. Methods and Results: In radioligand binding experiments (membrane preparations of yeast expressing isoforms α1β1, α2β1, and α3β1; backdoor phosphorylation; and [3H]-ouabain, n = 3), 8-methoxycoumestrol (1-10 μM) produced no or only little inhibition of specific ouabain binding. However, when NKA activity of the α1β1 isoform was measured in membrane preparations from human kidney (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coupled assay, n = 3), a concentration-dependent full inhibition of the activity was induced by 8-methoxycoumestrol (IC50: 90 ± 97 nM), similar to that observed for classical cardiac glycosides digitoxin, digoxin, methyldigoxin, and β-acetyldigoxin (IC50 = 287 ± 190 nM, 409 ± 171 nM, 282 ± 482 nM, 587 ± 135 nM, P > 0.05). However, unlike the classical cardiac glycosides, 8-methoxycoumestrol did not increase cardiac contractility of electrically stimulated human right atrial trabeculae. Conclusions: These results indicate that 8-methoxycoumestrol inhibits the human α1β1 NKA by a mechanism different to that of cardiac glycosides. In addition, the inhibition of the α1β1 NKA activity seems not sufficient to evoke positive inotropy in human trabeculae, indicating that either the positive inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides is not mediated via the α1β1 isoform or the specific glycoside binding to α1β1 is needed for positive inotropy.
Pay referent comparison and pay level satisfaction in private versus public sector organizations in India

Empirical research on the relationship between pay referent level comparisons and pay level satisfaction has focused on Western samples. Using a sample of 118 Indian employees from public (N = 47) and private (N = 71) sector organizations, this study tested for significant pay referent level comparison and pay level satisfaction relationships and differences between private versus public sector employees. Results partially confirmed the hypothesized relationship between the comparisons and satisfaction and private versus public sector differences on pay referent level comparisons and on one pay level satisfaction scale. Useful refinements made in the pay referent comparison taxonomy were also supported.
VARIABLE SELECTION WITH AKAIKE INFORMATION CRITERIA : A COMPARATIVE STUDY

In this paper, the problem of variable selection in linear regression is considered. This problem involves choosing the most appropriate model from the candidate models. Variable selection criteria based on estimates of the Kullback-Leibler information are most common. Akaike’s AIC and bias corrected AIC belong to this group of criteria. The reduction of the bias in estimating the Kullback-Leibler information can lead to better variable selection. In this study we have compared the Akaike Criterion based on Fisher Information and AIC criteria based on Kullback-Leibler.
Generative Adversarial Network Based Heterogeneous Bibliographic Network Representation for Personalized Citation Recommendation

Network representation has been recently exploited for many applications, such as citation recommendation, multi-label classification and link prediction. It learns low-dimensional vector representation for each vertex in networks. Existing network representation methods only focus on incomplete aspects of vertex information (i.e., vertex content, network structure or partial integration), moreover they are commonly designed for homogeneous information networks where all the vertices of a network are of the same type. In this paper, we propose a deep network representation model that integrates network structure and the vertex content information into a unified framework by exploiting generative adversarial network, and represents different types of vertices in the heterogeneous network in a continuous and common vector space. Based on the proposed model, we can obtain heterogeneous bibliographic network representation for efficient citation recommendation. The proposed model also makes personalized citation recommendation possible, which is a new issue that a few papers addressed in the past. When evaluated on the AAN and DBLP datasets, the performance of the proposed heterogeneous bibliographic network based citation recommendation approach is comparable with that of the other network representation based citation recommendation approaches. The results also demonstrate that the personalized citation recommendation approach is more effective than the non-personalized citation recommendation approach.
Dichlorocarbene Addition of N-Vinylimidazole under Ultrasound Assisteda New Multi-Site Phase-Transfer Catalyst - A Kinetic Study

The kinetics for dichlorocyclopropanation of N-vinylimidazole with an excess of chloroform has been studied under multi-site phase-transfer catalyst and ultrasound irradiation conditions using aqueous sodium hydroxide as the base. The reaction was carried out at 40°C and a pseudo-first order rate is used to describe the reaction rate at high alkaline concentration (>30 wt.%). Kinetics of the reaction including the effects of the reaction conditions on the conversion of N-vinylimidazole was investigated. A rational explanation was made for a peculiar phenomenon that the conversion of N-vinylimidazole was increased and then decreased with an increase in the amount of sodium hydroxide and the kapp value increases with increasing other kinetic parameters that is the amount of multi-site phase-transfer catalyst, viz., N,N’-dihexyl-4,4’-bipyridinium dibromide, concentration of substrate, ultrasonication, stirring speed, temperature, etc.
An interpretation of inter-container port relationships from the demand perspective

Container ports serve as important conduits to facilitate the efficient flow of containerized cargo. As part of value-driven chain systems that intersect between hinterlands, efficiency gains that are generated within the container port will have a direct impact on the competitive advantage of its users and affect the economic potential of both the origin and destination hinterlands. As such, the paper proposes the usage of indifference analysis propounded in microeconomic theory as a useful means to examine inter-container port competition and complementarity. The framework presented can also be combined with Porter's ‘Diamond’ model in order for inter-container port demand relationships to be quantified, measured and analysed in an holistic manner. Apart from analysing inter-port relationships from the standpoint of container ports, the framework can also be used to analyse inter-port relationships from the perspective of other key players in the value-driven chain system and modified accordingly to incorporate various indicators that are deemed to be relevant to these parties.