Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linux based embedded node for capturing, compression and streaming of digital audio and video

— A prototype for audio and video capture and compression in real time on a Linux platform has been developed. It is able to visualize both the captured and the compressed video at the same time, as well as the captured and compressed audio with the goal of comparing their quality. As it is based on free code, the final goal is to run it in an embedded system running Linux. Therefore, we would implement a node to capture and compress such multimedia information. Thus, it would be possible to consider the project within a larger one aimed at live broadcast of audio and video using a streaming server which would communicate with our node. Then, we would have a very powerful and flexible system with several practical applications.
Interplay of topological order and spin glassiness in the toric code under random magnetic fields

We analyze the toric code model in the presence of quenched disorder, which is introduced via different types of random magnetic fields. In general, close to a quantum phas e transition between a spin polarized phase and a topologically ordered one, we find that increasing the amou nt of disorder favors the topological phase. For some realizations of disorder, topological order can be rob ust against arbitrarily strong magnetic fields. In the case of the toric code in a random ±h field, we show that the system exhibits a quantum phase transi tion to a spin glass phase in an appropriate dual variables descript ion. The survival of topological order in the spin glass phase is directly related to the percolation properti es of the rigid lattice in the Edwards-Anderson bimodal spin glass model. According to recent numerical results for this model [Phys. Rev. B 82, 214401 (2010)], it is likely that the rigid lattice does not percolate and, as a res ult, a new intermediate quantum phase appears in the random-field toric code. In this intermediate quantum phase , topological order coexists with spin glassiness.
Towards contextual adaptation for any-text translation

Adaptation for Machine Translation has been studied in a variety of ways, using an ideal scenario where the training data can be split into ”out-of-domain” and ”in-domain” corpora, on which the adaptation is based. In this paper, we consider a more realistic setting which does not assume the availability of any kind of ”in-domain” data, hence the name ”any-text translation”. In this context, we present a new approach to contextually adapt a translation model onthe-fly, and present several experimental results where this approach outperforms conventionaly trained baselines. We also present a document-level contrastive evaluation whose results can be easily interpreted, even by non-specialists.
A Spectral Clustering Approach Based on Newton's Equations of Motion

In this article, we introduce Newtonian spectral clustering, a method that employs Newtonian preprocessing to promote cluster perspicuity and trajectory analysis to gain valuable affinity information. A simple two‐body potential is used to model the interaction under the influence of which the points move according to Newton's second law. This procedure produces a transformed data set with reduced cluster overlap, which favors the spectral clustering approach. This is so, because the affinity matrix can be enriched with information derived from the underlying interaction model. Special care is also given to estimate the Gaussian kernel parameter, since its role is important for the clustering procedure. The method is further extended appropriately to treat problems of high dimensionality. We have tested the proposed methodology on several benchmark data and compared its performance to that of rival techniques. The superiority of the new approach is readily deduced by inspecting the reported results.
RNAase-III enzyme Dicer maintains signaling pathways for differentiation and survival in mouse cortical neural stem cells

An important function of the RNAase-III enzyme Dicer is to process microRNA precursors into ~22-nucleotide non-coding small RNAs. But little is known about the role of Dicer in mammalian brain formation and neural stem cell (NSC) development. Here we show that Dicer plays a crucial role in controlling mouse cortical NSC development. We found that Dicer function is essential for expanding cortical neural progenitors and NSCs. We have identified a population of Dicer-deficient NSCs that can self-renew, and that display normal karyotype and heterochromatin protein expression levels but show enlarged nuclei. Dicer-deficient NSCs display abnormal differentiation and undergo cell death when mitogens are withdrawn. Dicer deletion affects the levels of many proteins, as revealed by a mass spectrometry proteomic approach. We have found that an increase of anti-survival and/or pro-apoptosis proteins and a decrease of pro-survival and/or anti-apoptosis proteins contribute to the cell death of Dicer-deficient NSCs, implying a general role for Dicer in protecting cells from apoptosis. Our results demonstrate important functions for Dicer in regulating NSC development by maintaining proper signaling pathways related to cell survival and differentiation.
Inventing to Prepare for Future Learning: The Hidden Efficiency of Encouraging Original Student Production in Statistics Instruction

Activities that promote student invention can appear inefficient, because students do not generate canonical solutions, and therefore the students may perform badly on standard assessments. Two studies on teaching descriptive statistics to 9th-grade students examined whether invention activities may prepare students to learn. Study 1 found that invention activities, when coupled with subsequent learning resources like lectures, led to strong gains in procedural skills, insight into formulas, and abilities to evaluate data from an argument. Additionally, an embedded assessment experiment crossed the factors of instructional method by type of transfer test, with 1 test including resources for learning and 1 not. A "tell-and-practice" instructional condition led to the same transfer results as an invention condition when there was no learning resource, but the invention condition did better than the tell-and-practice condition when there was a learning resource. This demonstrates the value of invention activities for future learning from resources, and the value of assessments that include opportunities to learn during a test. In Study 2, classroom teachers implemented the instruction and replicated the results. The studies demonstrate that intuitively compelling student-centered activities can be both pedagogically tractable and effective at preparing students to learn.
Notum Homolog Plays a Novel Role in Primary Motor Innervation

To form complex neuronal networks, growth cones use intermediate targets as guideposts on the path to more distant targets. In the developing zebrafish (Danio rerio), the muscle pioneers (MPs) are intermediate targets for primary motor neurons (PMNs) that innervate the trunk musculature. The mechanisms regulating PMN axon guidance at the MPs are not fully understood. We have identified a new member of the Notum family in zebrafish, Notum 2, which is expressed exclusively in the MPs during primary motor innervation. While homologs of Notum, including zebrafish Notum 1a, negatively regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, we discovered a novel function of Notum 2 in regulating motor axon guidance. Knockdown of Notum 2 resulted in a failure of caudal primary (CaP) axons to migrate beyond the MPs, despite the proper specification of the intermediate target. In contrast, mosaic Notum 2 overexpression induced branching of PMN axons. This effect is specific to Notum 2, as overexpression of Notum 1a does not affect PMN axon trajectory. Ectopic expression of Notum 2 by cells contacting the growing CaP axon induced the highest frequency of branching, suggesting that localized Notum 2 expression affects axon behavior. We propose a model where Notum 2 expression at the MPs provides a cue to release CaP motor axons from their intermediate targets, allowing growth cones to proceed to secondary targets in the ventral muscle. This work demonstrates an unexpected role for a Notum homolog in regulating growth cone migration, separate from the well established functions of other Notum homologs in Wnt signaling.
Functional Difference Between Deuterated and Protonated Macromolecules

Water (H2O) is very important to living materials, but it is a very strange liquid in the physical sense, because it has an unexpectedly high melting point (0 °C), boiling point (100 °C), density (0.998 g/cm3), heat of vaporization (10,515 cal/mol), specific heat capacity and temperature of maximum density (4 °C), compared with other typical hydrogen compounds, such as H2S, H2Se and H2Te. Furthermore, it has higher conductivity of proton than that of electron.
Quantification of myocardial blood flow with ultrasound-induced destruction of microbubbles administered as a constant venous infusion.

BACKGROUND Ultrasound can cause microbubble destruction. If microbubbles are administered as a continuous infusion, then their destruction within the myocardium and measurement of their myocardial reappearance rate at steady state will provide a measure of mean myocardial microbubble velocity. Conversely, measurement of their myocardial concentration at steady state will provide an assessment of microvascular cross-sectional area. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) can then be calculated from the product of the two. METHODS AND RESULTS Ex vivo and in vitro experiments were performed in which either flow was held constant and pulsing interval (interval between microbubble destruction and replenishment) was altered, or vice versa. In vivo experiments were performed in 21 dogs. In group 1 dogs (n=7), MBF was mechanically altered in a model in which coronary blood volume was constant. In group 2 dogs (n=5), MBF was altered by direct coronary infusions of vasodilators. In group 3 dogs (n=9), non-flow-limiting coronary stenoses were created, and MBF was measured before and after the venous administration of a coronary vasodilator. In all experiments, microbubbles were delivered as a constant infusion, and myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed using different pulsing intervals. The myocardial video intensity versus pulsing interval plots were fitted to an exponential function: y=A(1-e[-betat]), where A is the plateau video intensity reflecting the microvascular cross-sectional area, and beta reflects the rate of rise of video intensity and, hence, microbubble velocity. Excellent correlations were found between flow and beta, as well as flow and the product of A and beta. CONCLUSIONS MBF can be quantified with myocardial contrast echocardiography during a venous infusion of microbubbles. This novel approach has potential for measuring tissue perfusion in any organ accessible to ultrasound.
Adaptive multistage parallel interference cancellation for CDMA over multipath fading channels

In this paper, we propose an adaptive multistage parallel interference cancellation (PIC) structure for multipath fading channels. Similarly to the previous partial interference cancellation (IC) approach suggested in Divsalar et al. (1998), only part of the multiaccess interference (MAI) estimate is canceled at each stage. However, the weights employed in this proposed scheme are derived from an LMS algorithm which tries to minimize the mean-square error between the actual signal received and its replica. The complexity of the proposed adaptive multistage PIC scheme is much lower than that of linear multiuser detectors. Performance of the proposed structure in single-path Rician and multipath Rayleigh fading channels is evaluated by simulations. Our results show that the proposed technique outperforms the existing interference cancellation methods in multipath fading channels.
Enhanced Functional Connectivity between Putamen and Supplementary Motor Area in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a surprisingly heterogeneous disorder with symptoms including resting tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity. PD has been associated with abnormal task related brain activation in sensory and motor regions as well as reward related network. Although corticostriatal skeletomotor circuit dysfunction is implicated in the neurobiology of Parkinson’s disease, the functional connectivity within this circuit at the resting state is still unclear for PD. Here we utilized resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the functional connectivity of striatum and motor cortex in 19 patients with PD and 20 healthy controls. We found that the putamen, but not the caudate, exhibited enhanced connectivity with supplementary motor area (SMA), using either the putamen or the SMA as the “seed region”. Enhanced SMA-amygdala functional connectivity was also found in the PD group, compared with normal controls. Our findings highlight the key role of hyper-connected putamen-SMC circuit in the pathophysiology of PD.
Flexible Traffic Splitting in OpenFlow Networks

Traffic engineering (TE) functionality aims to control and fine-tune the routing configuration and bandwidth allocation in order to optimize the use of network resources and avoid the build-up of congestion. The performance of a given TE scheme is, however, strongly influenced by the degree of flexibility offered in distributing the traffic load. Multipath routing coupled with arbitrary traffic splitting are two essential ingredients for achieving the desired flexibility. Current proposals for multipath routing in OpenFlow have mostly focused on equal splitting solutions, which impose limitations in terms of the level of control that can be achieved. In this paper, we investigate a new approach, which exploits the properties of bit-masking operations to enable flexible TE in OpenFlow networks. The proposed solution relies on the matching entry feature and the multiple table pipeline capability of OpenFlow, and as such, is in line with the current standard. Based on empirical evaluation, we illustrate the influence of the considered masking parameters and how these can be configured to achieve the desired traffic splitting ratios. The results demonstrate that our solution can achieve a similar level of splitting accuracy as the one obtained with a hash-based approach. However, in contrast to current proposals, it does not require complex extensions to the OpenFlow protocol and can be easily implemented in an OpenFlow environment.
Frequency of Viral Transfusion-Transmitted Infections (TTIs) Among Resident and Pilgrim Blood Donors in Mashhad, 2011

Background: Mashhad is a large pilgrimage city with over 20 million pilgrims and tourists annually. Some pilgrims donate their blood voluntarily during the pilgrimage. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the prevalence of viral transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) between resident and pilgrim blood donors in Mashhad. Methods: We reviewed the records of all blood donors in Mashhad blood centers in 2011. The demographic data and the prevalence of TTIs, including HBV, HCV, HIV, and HTLV-1, were compared between 42821 donors from Mashhad and 15219 donors from other cities of Iran. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Epi-Info 6.0 software. Results: The mean age of residents and pilgrims was 34.6± 9.9 and 34.2± 10 years, respectively. The male to female ratio in the first group was higher than that in the second group (13.1 and 6.6, respectively). One-third of the residents and nearly two-thirds of the pilgrims were first-time blood donors. The most prevalent TTIs among the residents were HTLV-1 (0.39%) and HBV (0.33%); however, the frequencies of these infections were 0.24% and 0.57% among the pilgrims, respectively. The seroprevalence of HCV infection was 0.054% and 0.072% in the first and second groups, respectively. The HIV infection was observed only in one donor from Mashhad. Conclusions: A low prevalence of TTIs, particularly HCV and HIV infections, was found among blood donors from all parts of Iran. A higher prevalence of HTLV-1 infection among Mashhad donor population than among donors from other parts of Iran verified the virus endemicity in this region.
Style in the long tail: discovering unique interests with latent variable models in large scale social E-commerce

Purchasing decisions in many product categories are heavily influenced by the shopper's aesthetic preferences. It's insufficient to simply match a shopper with popular items from the category in question; a successful shopping experience also identifies products that match those aesthetics. The challenge of capturing shoppers' styles becomes more difficult as the size and diversity of the marketplace increases. At Etsy, an online marketplace for handmade and vintage goods with over 30 million diverse listings, the problem of capturing taste is particularly important -- users come to the site specifically to find items that match their eclectic styles. In this paper, we describe our methods and experiments for deploying two new style-based recommender systems on the Etsy site. We use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to discover trending categories and styles on Etsy, which are then used to describe a user's "interest" profile. We also explore hashing methods to perform fast nearest neighbor search on a map-reduce framework, in order to efficiently obtain recommendations. These techniques have been implemented successfully at very large scale, substantially improving many key business metrics.
Growth inhibition of human colorectal‐carcinoma cells by interleukin‐4 and expression of functional interleukin‐4 receptors

The growth‐inhibitory effect of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) was investigated in a panel of 7 human colorectal‐carcinoma cell lines. In 5 cell lines (HT29, WiDr, LS41 IN, LS513, LS1034) a dosedependent reduction of proliferation was documented. At 100 U/ml, IL‐4 inhibited thymidine incorporation between 45 and 75% and MTT conversion (26 to 41%). The ability of LS513 and WiDr cells to form colonies after IL‐4 treatment was reduced by 85 and 62% respectively. LS513 was the most sensitive cell line, with IL‐4 inducing half‐maximal inhibition at 5 to 6 U/ml. The inhibitory effect of IL‐4 was completely neutralized by anti‐IL‐4 antibodies. Northern‐blot analysis revealed the presence of IL‐4‐receptor (IL‐4R) mRNA in all cell lines. The membrane expression of the 130‐kDa IL‐4R was assessed by FACS, utilizing an anti‐IL‐4R monoclonal antibody and was confirmed by biotinylated IL‐4 binding. Our results attribute an important role for IL‐4 as a negative regulator of colorectal‐carcinoma cell growth, thus indicating a possible avenue for intervention in this disease. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Impact of Soil Transmitted Helminth (Sth) Towards Anemia Case in Elementary School Student in the District of Northwest Sumba

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a condition where body is having less eritrosit. Worms is an infectious sickness caused by worms’ parasite that endanger health. Worms sickness that usually infects and gives very bad affect is worms infection transmitted through soil or usually called “Soil Transmited Helmintes (STH). ” In directly STH could affects supply and absorption and food metabolism to human body. Cumulatively, STH caused disadvantages like decreasing in calori and protein and loss of blood. This research aims to analysis impact factors of The Infection of Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) towards. SUBJEK AND METHOD: This is a quantitative research with cross sectional study design. This research is done in the District of Northwest Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Subject of this research is elementary schoold students with number of sampels are 105 students chosen by using Multistage Random Sampling Technique. Independent Variabel is the Infektion of Soil Transmitted Helminth and dependent variabel is Anemia. Data collecting technique is by checking the faeces using direct method and by checking capiler blood using strip test method, continued by interviewing using quisionaire and analyzed using simple Logistic Regresion. RESULT: Number of Infektion of Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) cases in elementary school students in the District of Northwest Sumba is 40%. Worms’ egg found majority are Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura (38.1%), in a single infection was found Ascaris lumbricoides (31%) and Trichuris trichiura (21%), and the minority worms found were Hookworm Ancylostoma duodenale (2.4%). Number of anemia cases in Elementary School students is 57.1%. Statictic examination test shows that the infection of Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) positively and significantly affects the anemia cases with (OR= 27,3; 95% CI = 13,1-57,0; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The probability of infection of Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) positively and significantly affects the anemia cases in Elementary School Students.
Endothelial alpha(v)beta3 integrin-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles inhibit angiogenesis in atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE Angiogenic expansion of the vasa vasorum is a well-known feature of progressive atherosclerosis, suggesting that antiangiogenic therapies may stabilize or regress plaques. Alpha(v)beta3 integrin-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles were prepared for noninvasive assessment of angiogenesis in early atherosclerosis, for site-specific delivery of antiangiogenic drug, and for quantitative follow-up of response. METHODS AND RESULTS Expression of alpha(v)beta3 integrin by vasa vasorum was imaged at 1.5 T in cholesterol-fed rabbit aortas using integrin-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles that incorporated fumagillin at 0 microg/kg or 30 microg/kg. Both formulations produced similar MRI signal enhancement (16.7%+/-1.1%) when integrated across all aortic slices from the renal arteries to the diaphragm. Seven days after this single treatment, integrin-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles were readministered and showed decreased MRI enhancement among fumagillin-treated rabbits (2.9%+/-1.6%) but not in untreated rabbits (18.1%+/-2.1%). In a third group of rabbits, nontargeted fumagillin nanoparticles did not alter vascular alpha(v)beta3-integrin expression (12.4%+/-0.9%; P>0.05) versus the no-drug control. In a second study focused on microscopic changes, fewer microvessels in the fumagillin-treated rabbit aorta were counted compared with control rabbits. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the potential of combined molecular imaging and drug delivery with targeted nanoparticles to noninvasively define atherosclerotic burden, to deliver effective targeted drug at a fraction of previous levels, and to quantify local response to treatment.