Effect of Cycle Ratio on Furrow Surge Irrigation Efficiency Using A Hydroflume (Gated-Pipe)

The practical part of the study was conducted at the University of Khartoum top farm, in Shambat during the period "2004-2005". To involve the investigation and evaluation of surge irrigation cycles on irrigation efficiencies, advance and recession times, advance velocities and opportunity time . The study as well measured the effect of surge irrigation technique, soil depth and location along the furrow on soil moisture content and infiltration rate. Application, distribution and storage efficiencies for all cycle ratios were determined tested. Soil moisture content down the profile at depths 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 and along the furrow run at 10m, 40m and 70m were determined. Furrow length was 80m and the flow rate was 1 liter/second. The advancing front of water reached the end of furrow in 28 minutes. The treatments included four-cycle ratios under surge irrigation using a hydroflume (gated pipe). These cycle ratios were 1, 3⁄4, 1⁄2 and 1⁄4 of the cycle time. The cycles were tested under four furrows and each treatment was repeated four times in any irrigation set. The results showed that the moisture content at all locations had no significant between them but near the upper end of the furrow (10m) had high values followed by locations at 40m and then the locations at 70m so moisture content decreased with increasing distance along the furrow with all cycle ratios. The results of advance and recession phases for all cycle ratios showed that water advance for 1⁄2 cycle ratio was very rapid and it reached the lower end of the furrow in a shorter time as compared to the other cycle ratios, followed by cycle ratio 3⁄4 and cycle ratio 1⁄4 which resulted in longer time than the continuous time. The results of recession phases showed that the cycle ratios were in a descending order. The results also showed that the highest opportunity time was obtained with cycle ratio 1⁄2 at the upper end of the furrow. The highest application efficiency of 98% was recorded with cycle ratio 3⁄4. Whereas the lowest application efficiency of 63% was obtained by cycle ratio 1⁄4. However, results of distribution efficiencies showed that the highest distribution efficiency of 89% was obtained with cycle ratio 1, while the lowest distribution efficiency of 86% was recorded by cycle ratio 1⁄4. Whereas the highest storage efficiency of 78% was obtained with cycle ratio 1⁄2, whereas the lowest storage efficiency of 71% was recorded under cycle ratio 1⁄4. ميحرلا نمحرلا اللها مسب ةحورطلأا ةصلاخ موطرخلا ةعماج ةعرزمب ةساردلا هذه تيرجأ ءانثأ تابمش ةعارزلا ةيلآ ةرتفلا نم 2004 2005 م ير لا ةرود نمز نم تارود ة عبرأ رابتخإ يلع ةبرجتلا تلمتشإ و ةساردلا هذ هو مولفورد يهلا مادختسإب يضبنلا يرلا تحت ة ينقت ر ثأ مي يقت ي لع تو تحا يضبنلا يرلا , لد عمو ىبوطرلا ىو تحملا يلع ةبارسلا لوط يلع عقوملا و ةبرتلا قمع للختلا . ا ةءا فآ د يدحت ي لع ةساردلا اض يا تلمتشأ امآ ةفاضلأ , ل كل نيزختلاو ع يزوتلا تارود لا . ة لماآ ةرود يتلآا آ تارود لا هذ ه 3⁄4, 1⁄2 و ير لا ةرود نمز نم . تر بتخأ ة عبرا يف ةبارس يف ةرود ل آ يلاو تلا ي لع تعزوو تابارس ة عبرأ يف تارودلا هذه ة ير لآ يف تارركم . بارس لا لوط نا آ 80 م . تارود ر ثأ مي يقت ي لع ةساردلا تلمتشأ يلع يرلا يضبنلا يرلا ةءافآ , راسحنلاا و مدقتلا نمزو سملاتلا نمز ديدحت . نم ايلعلا ةهجلا يف ةيونعم تاقورف رهظأ ىبوطرلا ىوتحملا نأ جئاتنلا تحضوأ تارودلا لكل ةبارسلا لوط ةدايزب لقيو بارسلا , ير لا ةرود نأ جئاتنلا تحضو امآ 1⁄2 ارود لاب ةنراقم راسحنأو مدقت ينحنم عرسأ اهل ناآ ةبارس لا ة ياهن تلصوو يرخلأا ت يرلا ةرود اهتعبتو يرخلأا تارودلا نم لقأ نمز يف 3⁄4 ير لا ةرود مث ةلماكلا ةرودل و 1⁄4 ير لا مد قت ي نحنم ن مز ن م ر ثآأ ةبارس لا ة ياهن اهلو صوو اهمد قت ن مز نا آ لصاوتملا . ة بوطرلا يو تحم ي لع يو نعم ر ثأ اذ ة برتلا ق مع نأ جئا تنلا تح ضوأ اض يأ يلعأو يرلا ةرودل ناآ سملات نمز 1⁄2 ةبارسلل ايلعلا ةياهنلا دنع . تناآ هفاضا ةءافآ يلعأ ةبرجتلا هذه يف 98% هرود عم ا هيلع لصحتلا نكما يرلا 3⁄4 هفاضا ةءافآ لقأ نا نيح يف 63% يرلا هرود عم تلجس 1⁄4. جيا تن ترهظأ تناآ ع يزوتلل ةءا فآ ي لعأ نأ ع يزوتلا ةءا فآ 89% حتلا نكمأ ةرود عم ا هيلع لص هلماكلا يرلا 1 عيزوتلل هءافآ لقأ و 86% يرلا ةرود عم تلجس 1⁄4. يرلا ةرود 1⁄2 نيزخت ةءا فآ ي لعأ تجتنأ 78%. ةرود عم تلجس نيزختلل ةءا فآ ل قا نأ نيح يف يرلا 1⁄4.