Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using ‘reverse triage’ to create hospital surge capacity: Royal Darwin Hospital's response to the Ashmore Reef disaster

This report analyses the impact of reverse triage, as described by Kelen, to rapidly assess the need for continuing inpatient care and to expedite patient discharge to create surge capacity for disaster victims. The Royal Darwin Hospital was asked to take up to 30 casualties suffering from blast injuries from a boat carrying asylum seekers that had exploded 840 km west of Darwin. The hospital was full, with a backlog of cases awaiting admission in the emergency department. The Disaster Response Team convened at 10:00 to develop the surge capacity to admit up to 30 casualties. By 14:00, 56 beds (16% of capacity) were predicted to be available by 18:00. The special circumstances of a disaster enabled staff to suspend their usual activities and place a priority on triaging inpatients' suitability for discharge. The External Disaster Plan was activated and response protocols were followed. Normal elective activity was suspended. Multidisciplinary teams immediately assessed patients and completed the necessary clinical and administrative requirements to discharge them quickly. As per the Plan there was increased use of community care options: respite nursing home beds and community nursing services. Through a combination of cancellation of all planned admissions, discharging 19 patients at least 1 day earlier than planned and discharging all patients earlier in the day surge capacity was made available in Royal Darwin Hospital to accommodate blast victims. Notably, reverse triage resulted in no increase in clinical risk with only one patient who was discharged early returning for further treatment.
Discrete Power Control and Transmission Duration Allocation for Self-Backhauling Dense mmWave Cellular Networks

Wireless self-backhauling is a promising solution for dense millimeter wave (mmWave) small cell networks, the system efficiency of which, however, depends upon the balance of resources between the backhaul link and access links of each small cell. In this paper, we address the discrete power control and non-unified transmission duration allocation problem for self-backhauling mmWave cellular networks, in which each small cell is allowed to adopt individual transmission duration allocation ratio according to its own channel and load conditions. We first formulate the considered problem as a non-cooperative game <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a common utility function. We prove the feasibility and existence of the pure strategy Nash equilibrium (NE) of game <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {\mathcal {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under some mild conditions. Then, we design a centralized resource allocation algorithm based on the best response dynamic and a decentralized resource allocation algorithm (DRA) based on control-plane/user-plane split architecture and log-linear learning to obtain a feasible pure strategy NE of game <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For speeding up convergence and reducing signaling overheads, we reformulate the considered problem as a non-cooperative game <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\mathcal {G}}'}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with local interaction, in which only local information exchange is required. Based on DRA, we design a concurrent DRA to obtain the best feasible pure strategy NE of game <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal {G}'}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, we extend the proposed algorithms to the discrete power control and unified transmission duration allocation optimization problem. Extensive simulations are conducted with different system configurations to demonstrate the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Essential Role of a Ca2+-Selective, Store-Operated Current (ISOC) in Endothelial Cell Permeability: Determinants of the Vascular Leak Site

Store-operated calcium (SOC) entry is sufficient to disrupt the extra-alveolar, but not the alveolar, endothelial cell barrier. Mechanism(s) underlying such insensitivity to transitions in cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) in microvascular endothelial cells are unknown. Depletion of stored Ca2+ activates a larger SOC entry response in extra-alveolar (pulmonary artery; PAECs) than alveolar (pulmonary microvascular; PMVECs) endothelial cells. In vivo permeation studies revealed that Ca2+ store depletion activates similar nonselective cationic conductances in PAECs and PMVECs, while only PAECs possess the calcium-selective, store-operated Ca2+ entry current, ISOC. Pretreatment with the type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, rolipram, abolished thapsigargin-activated ISOC in PAECs, and revealed ISOC in PMVECs. Rolipram pretreatment shifted the thapsigargin-induced fluid leak site from extra-alveolar to alveolar vessels in the intact pulmonary circulation. Thus, our results indicate ISOC provides a [Ca2+]i source that is needed to disrupt the endothelial cell barrier, and demonstrate that intracellular events controlling ISOC activation coordinate the site-specific vascular response to inflammation.
Risk of Early-Onset Sepsis following Preterm, Prolonged Rupture of Membranes with or without Chorioamnionitis

Abstract Objective This study aims to determine whether preterm prolonged rupture of membranes (PPROM) increases the risk for early-onset sepsis (EOS) in preterm infants. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of infants 30 to 34 weeks' gestation from 2005 to 2014. Exposure to PPROM (rupture of membranes ≥ 18 hours) or chorioamnionitis (maternal temperature ≥ 38°C during delivery plus notation of chorioamnionitis in the medical record) was collected. The primary outcome was proven or suspected EOS. Results A total of 2,192 infants were included. Overall, 1,750 (80%) were not exposed to PPROM or chorioamnionitis (group 1), 381 (17%) were exposed to PPROM without chorioamnionitis (group 2), and 61 (3%) were exposed to chorioamnionitis ± PPROM (group 3). There was no difference in the incidence of proven or suspected EOS between groups 1 and 2 (5.4 vs. 5.5%, p = 0.86). Group 3 had a higher rate of EOS (24.6%) relative to groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, risk of EOS was 4.1 times higher in infants exposed to chorioamnionitis. PPROM did not increase the risk of EOS in bivariate or multivariate analysis. Conclusion In the absence of chorioamnionitis, PPROM does not increase the risk of proven or clinically suspected EOS in 30 to 34 weeks' gestation infants.
Curvelet transform on the sphere

Spherical maps occur in a range of applications for instance in geophysics or in astrophysics with the study of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation field, where observations are over the whole sky. Analyzing these images requires specific tools. This paper describes a new multiscale decomposition for data on the sphere, namely the curvelet transform on the sphere. The curvelet transform, in its first step, requires the use of an isotropic wavelet transform. Therefore, our new curvelet transform also includes a new wavelet transform on the sphere which has properties similar to those of the a trous isotropic wavelet transform.
Embryology of the thoracic and abdominal ganglia of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), (Hemiptera, Lygaeidae)

In this study, the condensation of the three thoracic and 11 abdominal segmental ganglia to form a prothoracic and central nerve mass during embryogenesis is described. During katatrepsis, many changes occur in the organization of these ganglia; this study suggests that some of these changes are caused by mechanical forces acting on the ventral nerve cord at this time. The ventral nerve cord begins its anterior migration and coalescence ten hours after katatrepsis and is completed 63 hours later. The central ganglion is made up of the meso‐ and metathoracic ganglia and seven abdominal ganglia. Intrasegmental median cord nuclei are shown to form glial elements in the median sagittal plane of the neuropile and in the longitudinal connectives. Intersegmental median cord neuroblasts migrate into the posterior gangliomeres but, apparently, degenerate soon after katatrepsis. Lateral cord cells bordering on the neuropile form a glial investment that surrounds this fiber tract region. Peripheral lateral cord cells are shown to form the cells of the outer ganglionic sheath, the perineurium.
A self-oscillating class D audio amplifier with dual voltage and current feedback

We propose a self-oscillating PWM Class D audio amplifier with dual voltage and current feedback. The voltage feedback is taken after the output filter to mitigate any negative effects of the output filter. The current feedback is employed to mitigate the switching ripple voltage and its associated power dissipation. Simulation results using discrete components show that the proposed amplifier achieves the lowest THD+N of 0.04 % at 25 mW output power, and a maximum power efficiency of 94 % at 1.7 W output power with a THD+N of 1.18 %.
Molecular dynamics simulations of human α‐lactalbumin: Changes to the structural and dynamical properties of the protein at low pH

Two 700‐ps molecular dynamics simulations of human α‐lactalbumin have been compared. Both were initiated from an X‐ray structure determined at pH 6.5. One simulation was designed to represent native conditions and the other the protein in solution at pH 2.0 without a bound calcium ion. The low pH conditions were modelled by protonating the aspartate, glutamate, and histidine side chains and the protein C‐terminus. Significant changes were observed for the C‐terminal region of the sequence in the simulation at low pH. Most notably an α‐helix, helix D, and the C‐terminal 310 helix were substantially disrupted relative to the simulation at high pH. These perturbations to the native fold are similar to those observed in an X‐ray structure of α‐lactalbumin at pH 4.2. In addition, larger fluctuations about side chain torsion angles were observed in the low pH simulation than in that corresponding to the higher pH. These structural and dynamical changes might be representative of the early stages of the transition to the molten‐globule state of the protein known to be formed under low pH conditions in solution. Proteins 1999;36:77–86. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conflicts of Interest and Clinical Recommendations

The growing influence of practice guidelines has increased concern for potential sources of bias. Two recent guidelines for primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) provided a unique opportunity for a systematic comparison of different methods of practice guideline development. One guideline (International Consensus Report [ICR]) was supported by pharmaceutical companies that produce products for ITP. The ICR panel members were selected for expertise in ITP; 16 (73%) reported associations with pharmaceutical companies. The other guideline was sponsored by the American Society of Hematology (ASH); panel members were selected for lack of conflicts and for expertise in guideline development as well as for ITP. Discrepancies were conspicuous when the guidelines addressed treatment. In contrast to the ASH guideline, the ICR gave stronger recommendations for agents manufactured by companies from which the ICR or its panel members received support. These data provide direct evidence that differences in financial support and methods of evidence evaluation can influence recommendations.
The Epidemiologic Association Between Opioid Prescribing, Non-Medical Use, and Emergency Department Visits

Abstract Introduction: Since the 1990s prescriptions for and the non-medical use of opioids have increased. This study examines associations between opioid prescribing, non-medical use, and emergency department (ED) visits. Methods: Data were abstracted from four federally sponsored, nationally representative, annual surveys (National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, and Drug Abuse Warning Network). Results: For hydrocodone and oxycodone, associations between prescribing and non-medical use, and prescribing and ED visits were statistically significant (p-values < 0.04) and strongly associated (correlation coefficient range 0.73 to 0.87). Male gender, White race, and age ≥ 35 were all statistically significant (p-values < 0.0001) predictors of receiving a hydrocodone or oxycodone-containing prescription. Conclusion: The increased number of prescriptions written for hydrocodone and oxycodone between 1995 and 2004 was associated with similar increases in non-medical use and the number of ED visits during this time period.
Decreased expression of Drp 1 and Fis 1 mediates mitochondrial elongation in senescent cells and enhances resistance to oxidative stress through PINK 1

Introduction In many cells, from yeast to plants and mammals, mitochondria display significant dynamics by regularly undergoing fusion and fission (Bereiter-Hahn et al., 2008). Owing to mitochondrial dynamics, mtDNA and mitochondrial proteins can be continuously exchanged and distributed throughout the whole mitochondrial population (Ishihara et al., 2003; Busch et al., 2006; Ono et al., 2001). Fusion and fission are thus thought to act as a rescue mechanism for damaged mitochondria (Bossy-Wetzel et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2003; Kowald et al., 2005). Fis1 and Drp1 are the main mitochondrial fission factors in mammalian cells (Smirnova et al., 1998; Frank et al., 2001; James et al., 2003; Stojanovski et al., 2004). The ubiquitously expressed kinase PINK1 also acts in Drosophila melanogaster as a mitochondrial fission factor (Poole et al., 2008), whereas its influence on mitochondrial morphology in mammalian cells remains controversial (Exner et al., 2007; Yang et al., 2008). Truncations of the PINK1 protein or mutations such as the G309D point mutation are linked with the autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD) variant PARK6 (Valente et al., 2004), resulting in mitochondrial deficiencies characterized by complex I dysfunction, reduced membrane potential and increased oxidative stress (Exner et al., 2007; Gautier et al., 2008; Gispert et al., 2009). The balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion depends on cell type and physiological situation; thus mitochondria can exhibit a tubular or a fragmented morphotype or can be assembled into networks. The equilibrium between fission and fusion is balanced towards fission before cytokinesis (Taguchi et al., 2007) or during stress (Lyamzaev et al., 2004; Perfettini et al., 2005; Jendrach et al., 2008). In many senescent postmitotic cell types, an extensive elongation of mitochondria occurs (Zottini et al., 2006; Yoon et al., 2006; Unterluggauer et al., 2007; Navratil et al., 2008), leading to the hypothesis that the elongation of mitochondria in old cells has a functional role. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that an increase of mitochondrial length by transient modulation of different mitochondrial fission and fusion factors confers resistance to apoptotic stimuli (Lee et al., 2004; Sugioka et al., 2004; JahaniAsl et al., 2007). By contrast, fragmentation of mitochondria seems to contribute to neuronal pathology (Knott and Bossy-Wetzel, 2008). Here, we investigated the significance of elongated and/or interconnected mitochondria in senescence by applying targeted photodamage to mitochondria of young and senescent cells. Mitochondria of senescent cells proved to be much more stress resistant, owing to Drp1and Fis1-mediated mitochondrial elongation and increased PINK1 expression, thus indeed indicating a functional role for elongation of mitochondria in senescent cells.
Universal Integration of the Internet of Things through an IPv6- based Service Oriented Architecture enabling heterogeneous components interoperability

This Deliverable describes the planned activities to be undertaken by the IoT6 project for the dissemination, standardisation, exploitation, and awareness creation during the life-time of the project. The dissemination will be based on the IoT6 project results, and on-going feedback collected from different target audiences and stakeholders from the IPv6 community, IoT research community, related IST projects, and national and international initiatives.
Racial and ethnic disparities in kidney transplantation

Success of renal transplantation, as a viable alternative to dialysis, has been tempered by long‐standing racial disparities. Ethnic minorities have less access to transplantation, are less likely to be listed for transplantation, and experience a higher rate of graft failure. Reasons for the existing racial disparities at various stages of the transplantation process are complex and multi‐factorial. They include a combination of behavioral, social, environmental, and occupational factors, as well as potential intended or unintended discrimination within the healthcare system. Immunologic factors such as human leukocyte antigen matching, composition of the organ donor pool, and patient immune response, all of which affect post‐transplantation graft rejection rates and patient survival, also contribute to health disparities between ethnic groups.
Lp metrics on the Heisenberg group and the Goemans-Linial conjecture

We prove that the function d : Ropf<sup>3</sup> times Ropf <sup>3</sup> rarr [0,infin] given by d((x,y,z),(t,u,v)) = ([((t-x) <sup>2</sup>+(u-y)<sup>2</sup>)<sup>2</sup> + (v-z+2xu-2yt)<sup>2</sup>] <sup>frac12</sup> + (t-x)<sup>2</sup> + (u-y)<sup>2</sup>)<sup>frac12</sup> is a metric on Ropf<sup>3</sup> such that (Ropf<sup>3</sup>,radicd) is isometric to a subset of Hilbert space, yet (Ropf<sup>3</sup>, d) does not admit a bi-Lipschitz embedding into L<sub>1</sub>. This yields a new simple counter example to the Goemans-Linial conjecture on the integrality gap of the semidefinite relaxation of the sparsest cut problem. The metric above is doubling, and hence has a padded stochastic decomposition at every scale. We also study the L<sup>p</sup> version of this problem, and obtain a counter example to a natural generalization of a classical theorem of Bretagnolle et al. (1996) (of which the Goemans-Linial conjecture is a particular case). Our methods involve Fourier analytic techniques, and a breakthrough of Cheeger and Kleiner (2006), together with classical results of Pansu (1989) on the differentiability of Lipschitz functions on the Heisenberg group
Inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation: does it make sense?

Among the nonpharmacological therapies, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is particularly appropriate for patients with chronic respiratory impairment who, despite any optimal drug management, are still symptomatic and experience restriction in every day activities. Pulmonary rehabilitation performed in inpatient, outpatient, or home settings demonstrates short–and long–term clinical efficacy. Although disease severity does not inherently dictate candidacy for exercise training, the degree of physiological and functional impairment may influence setting in which the training should occur. Therefore, inpatient rehabilitation is generally best–suited for the most sick and most disabled patients. The overall results from the literature confirm that the inpatient setting for a PR program is a feasible option and does not necessarily result in higher direct costs when balanced against duration and effectiveness in terms of improved outcomes.
Game sketching

Every project in any aspect of the creative industry must start with an ideation process. The essence of this process is to allow rapid exploration of ideas with very little resource expenditure. For ideation to be successful an idea must be explorable in hours if not minutes. The tools that are used should be readily accessible to designers in the field. The video game industry is a production oriented industry and thus the majority of the technology in this industry has focused on production tools. Very little attention has been paid to the ideation stage in the game industry. In this paper we explore the cultural and technical reasons for this lack of focus on ideation within the video game industry. We introduce the concept of game sketching. Game sketching is not a technology, rather it is a set of technologies and methodologies intended to encourage exploration at a very early stage. We present an overview of one tool we have developed and then discuss our users' experiences. We finish the paper with a set of examples of game sketching. In particular we include two examples of a game sketch where our technology was not used at all. The intention of this paper is to introduce the concept of game sketching, and in so doing to get people to ask questions early in the ideation stage.
Human-simulated intelligent control of brushless DC motor system

A double-loop control system based on human-simulated intelligent control (HSIC) is designed using a mathematical model of a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). In the double-loop motor control system, a conventional PI controller is implemented for the current loop and an HSIC speed controller using the characteristic model-based multi-mode control is adopted for the speed loop. The controller parameters are set and optimized using an improved genetic algorithm (IGA). Compared with the double-loop motor subject to adaptive PID control, fuzzy control, neural-network control and conventional PID control, simulation results show the double-loop motor control system of the HSIC-based BLDCM has high dynamic and static performances as well as high adaptability and robustness.
Bayesian Detection of Causal Rare Variants under Posterior Consistency

Identification of causal rare variants that are associated with complex traits poses a central challenge on genome-wide association studies. However, most current research focuses only on testing the global association whether the rare variants in a given genomic region are collectively associated with the trait. Although some recent work, e.g., the Bayesian risk index method, have tried to address this problem, it is unclear whether the causal rare variants can be consistently identified by them in the small--large- situation. We develop a new Bayesian method, the so-called Bayesian Rare Variant Detector (BRVD), to tackle this problem. The new method simultaneously addresses two issues: (i) (Global association test) Are there any of the variants associated with the disease, and (ii) (Causal variant detection) Which variants, if any, are driving the association. The BRVD ensures the causal rare variants to be consistently identified in the small--large- situation by imposing some appropriate prior distributions on the model and model specific parameters. The numerical results indicate that the BRVD is more powerful for testing the global association than the existing methods, such as the combined multivariate and collapsing test, weighted sum statistic test, RARECOVER, sequence kernel association test, and Bayesian risk index, and also more powerful for identification of causal rare variants than the Bayesian risk index method. The BRVD has also been successfully applied to the Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction (EOMI) Exome Sequence Data. It identified a few causal rare variants that have been verified in the literature.