Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variability and Trends in Antarctic Surface Temperatures from In Situ and Satellite Infrared Measurements

Abstract The surface air temperatures observed from stations in Antarctica have been shown to have predominantly positive trends that are as high as 0.5°C decade−1 along the Antarctic Peninsula. To evaluate whether the trends are caused by a local or large-scale phenomenon in the Antarctic region, surface temperatures inferred from infrared satellite data from 1979 to 1998 have been analyzed in combination with data from 21 stations that have long record lengths. The surface temperatures derived from infrared data are coherent spatially and temporally and are shown to agree well with Antarctic station data with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a standard deviation of about 3°C. The trend analysis on station data yielded on the average 0.012 ± 0.008°C yr−1 and −0.008 ± 0.025°C yr−1 for the 45- and 20-yr record, respectively. The latter reasonably agrees with the trend of −0.042 ± 0.067°C yr−1 inferred from the satellite 20-yr record. The 20-yr record length is shown to be about the minimum length requ.
Mixing ratios of carbon monoxide in the troposphere

Carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios were measured in air samples collected weekly at eight locations. The air was collected as part of the CMDL/NOAA cooperative flask sampling program (Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, formerly Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change, Air Resources Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) at Point Barrow, Alaska (71°N), Niwot Ridge, Colorado (40°N), Mauna Loa and Cape Kumakahi, Hawaii (19°N), Guam, Marianas Islands (13°N), Christmas Island (2°N), Ascension Island (8°S) and American Samoa (14°S). Half-liter or 3-L glass flasks fitted with glass piston stopcocks holding teflon O rings were used for sample collection. CO levels were determined within several weeks of collection using gas chromatography followed by mercuric oxide reduction detection, and mixing ratios were referenced against the CMDL/NOAA carbon monoxide standard scale. During the period of study (mid-1988 through December 1990) CO levels were greatest in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere (mean mixing ratio from January 1989 to December 1990 at Point Barrow was approximately 154 ppb) and decreased towards the south (mean mixing ratio at Samoa over a similar period was 65 ppb). Mixing ratios varied seasonally, the amplitude of the seasonal cycle was greatest in the north and decreased to the south. Carbon monoxide levels were affected by both local and regional scale processes. The difference in CO levels between northern and southern latitudes also varied seasonally. The greatest difference in CO mixing ratios between Barrow and Samoa was observed during the northern winter (about 150 ppb). The smallest difference, 40 ppb, occurred during the austral winter. The annually averaged CO difference between 71°N and 14°S was approximately 90 ppb in both 1989 and 1990; the annually averaged interhemispheric gradient from 71°N to 41°S is estimated as approximately 95 ppb.
AMBIENTES ATMOSFÉRICOS DE SISTEMAS CONVECTIVOS DE MESOESCALA SOBRE COLOMBIA DURANTE 1998 SEGÚN LA MISIÓN TRMM Y EL RE-ANÁLISIS NCEP/NCAR

Se presenta un diagnóstico de los ambientes atmosféricos en los cuales se desarrollan sistemas convectivos de mesoescala (SCM) sobre Colombia y el Pacífico Oriental durante 1998, usando información de satélite de la misión TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission), y los datos del re-análisis NCEP/NCAR. Se cuantifican los índices de estabilidad atmosférica denominados CAPE, CINE, LI, y temperatura potencial equivalente, así como índices cinemáticas tales como vorticidad vertical relativa y cortante vertical del viento. Se evalúan los ambientes atmosféricos que se presentaron durante 1998 asociados con la ocurrencia de SCM, y su variabilidad dentro de los distintos trimestres del ciclo anual. Se estiman los índices atmosféricos de gran escala asociados con los eventos mas intensos de precipitación en los SCM, se estudian las relaciones existentes de tales índices atmosféricos de gran escala, y se analizan las condiciones de la atmósfera durante el ciclo de vida que precede y sigue la evolución de los SCM.
COMPARISON OF BILATERAL USG-GUIDED ERECTOR SPINAE BLOCK VERSUS CONTROL GROUP FOR INTRAOPERATIVE HEMODYNAMIC STABILITY AND POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN SPINE SURGERIES UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the intraoperative hemodynamics and post-operative analgesia after using bilateral erector spinae block (ESB) and conventional techniques during spinal surgeries. The study also aims at comparison of analgesics consumption in patients during post-operative period. Methods: One hundred adults aged 18–80 years with American Society of Anaesthesiology physical status I/II scheduled for elective lumbar spine surgeries (two levels) under general anesthesia (GA) were divided into two groups. Group A received erector spinae plane block (ESPB) along with GA and Group B received GA only. Injection Paracetamol 1 g intravenously was given as rescue analgesia. Intraoperative hemodynamics, visual analog score at rest and at movement in 24 h postoperatively, first rescue analgesia, total dose of analgesics in first 24 h postoperatively, and intraoperative opioid dose requirement were compared in both the groups for 7 days. Results: Intraoperative hemodynamics in ESPB group were found to be more stable than the control group. There was a significant low VAS score in Group A compare to Group B at rest and on movement (p<0.001). The time for first rescue analgesia was prolonged in group ESPB as compared to control group (p<0.05). The total dose of analgesia required in first 24 h was significantly lower in patients of ESP group 25±41.96 mg 82.5 than patients in control group ±22.73 mg. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided bilateral ESB provides profound intraoperative hemodynamic stability with perioperative analgesia in comparison to conventional GA technique. The present study concluded that ESP block decreased the opioid requirement in both intraoperative and post-operative period.
Demonstration of antibiotic-induced tolerance development in tropical agroecosystems through physiological profiling of sediment microbial communities

Agricultural use of antibiotics differs quantitatively and qualitatively in tropical and temperate countries. To gain insight into the nature and magnitude of physiological adaptations prompted by these drugs in microbial communities from tropical agroecosystems, we compared community-level physiological profiles of sediment bacteria from a protected wetland (PV), a pig farm (RD), treated (TIL1) and untreated effluents (TIL2) from a tilapia farm, an estuary close to shrimp farms (CA), and an irrigation channel adjacent to a rice plantation (AZ) exposed to a range of oxytetracycline (OTC) concentrations in Ecoplates (Biolog®). In addition, we used LC/MS/MS and plate counts to determine the concentration of OTC and the number of OTC-resistant bacteria in the samples, respectively. Water samples collected at RD contained maximum amounts of OTC (640 ng L-1), followed by TIL2 (249 ng L-1), TIL1 (72 ng L-1), and CA (85 ng L-1). In average, the microbial community of RD was more tolerant to OTC (EC50: 14.30 ± 3.12 mg L -1) than bacteria from CA (8.83 ± 1.85 mg Ll1), TIL2 (EC50: 4.97 ± 1.43 mg L -1), TIL1 (4.25 ± 0.60 mg L-1), AZ (3.66 ± 0.97 mg L-1) and PV (3.77 ± 0.62 mg L-1). Congruently, PV, AZ, TIL1, CA, TIL2, and RD appeared in that order in a cumulative distribution of individual EC50 values and higher plate counts of bacteria resistant to 10 μg mL-1 (5.0x1051.5x107) and 100 μg mL-1 of OTC (1.5x104-8.4x105) were obtained for RD than for the other sites (10 μg ml-1: 4.8x104-3.3x105 and 100 μg mL-1: 1.0x102-4.4x103). These results are compatible with a scenario in which the basal level of tolerance to OTC that characterizes pristine environments (PV) is amplified in proportion to the intensity of antibiotic exposure (agriculture
Mapping wildfire danger at regional scale with an index model integrating coarse spatial resolution remote sensing data

Wildfires are a prevalent natural hazard in the south of France. Planners need a permanent fire danger assessment valid for several years over a territory as large and heterogeneous as Midi-Pyre´ne´es region. To this end, we developed an expert knowledgebased index model adapted to the specific features of the study area. The fire danger depends on two complementary elements: spatial occurrence and fire intensity. Among the GIS layers identified as input variables for modeling, vegetation fire susceptibility is one of the most influent. However, the main difficulty at this scale is the scarcity or the lack of exhaustiveness of the data. In this respect, remote sensing imagery is capable of providing relevant information. We proposed to calculate an annual relative greenness index (annual RGRE) that reflects vegetation dryness in summer. We processed times series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from SPOT-VEGETATION images over the last six available years (1998 to 2003). The first step was to verify that these images characterize vegetation types and highlight intraannual and interannual response variability. It is then possible to identify phenological stages corresponding to the maximum NDVI (and therefore to maximum photosynthetic activity) during the growing season, the minimum NDVI at the end of the growing season and the minimum NDVI during winter period. These phenology metrics ground the annual RGRE calculation. Values obtained for each observation year show significant correlation (r2 = 0.70) with the De Martonne aridity index calculated for the same period. A synthesis of yearly index was integrated in the model as a variable that expresses fire susceptibility.
Science Arts & Métiers (SAM)

: Aim to the computational study is to present different approach for numerical modeling of airfoil dynamic stall as the airfoil is pitched at a constant rate from zero incidences to a high angle of attack. An application of the Detached-Eddy Simulation model on a NACA 0012 airfoil is presented. The DES model is a method for predicting turbulence in CFD computations, which combines a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method in the boundary layer with a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in the free shear flow. (DES) turbulence model gives a good accuracy of the flow field because its solves an additional equation for turbulent Reynolds number in a shear stress transport version (SST), which solves a first equation for the turbulent energy K and a second equation for the specific turbulent dissipation rate w . The approach using DES turbulence model is effective because it gives better visualization of flow field, the unsteady separation flow and vortex shedding. Consequently the suggested approach is suitable and it can be used in prediction of dynamic stall phenomenon in the stage of helicopter rotors, wind turbine rotors and aircraft wings design purposes.
Potential use of LADM in cadastral data management in India

SUMMARY A Land Administration System (LAS), with its cadastral component, is the infrastructure that facilitates the implementation of land policies to attain sustainable development. The availability of a digital, up-to-date, complete and easy accessible cadastral database has become a primary requisite for undertaking an efficient land administration and/or developmental planning decisions for any country. This paper highlights the possible advantages of having a digital cadastral database over the traditional paper-based cadastral systems, and how such digital cadastral maps with acceptable accuracy levels can be used for operationalising the concept of the Land Administrative Domain Model (ISO 19152) in an Indian perspective. In this direction, we have demonstrated a method of preparing a seamless digital cadastral database using GIS and image interpretation techniques for a sufficiently large area of about 326 sq. km. Geo-Eye1 merged data was used for this purpose in combination with paperbased cadastral maps and limited on-site surveys. This approach can be considered as an (temporal) alternative to a complete cadastral re-survey. A cadastral resurvey is expected to be a time consuming and costly approach where there is an urgent need for cadastral data with reasonable quality urgently. This paper presents the results of a first step of a broad approach to reconstruct colonial cadastral maps and related registers with land records for various purposes, amongst others, spatial planning one of the important aspects which is based on a reliable overview of peopleland relationships. The paper will then develop the LADM based options on:
HUMAN EYE DECEIVING MODEL FOR SECRET COMMUNICATION

Visual system of human beings does not process the complete area of image rather focus upon limited area of visual image. But in which area does the visual attention focused is a topic of hot research nowadays. Research on psychological phenomenon indicates that attention is attracted to features that differ from its surroundings or the one that are unusual or unfamiliar to the human visual system. Detection of visually salient image regions is useful for applications like object segmentation, adaptive compression, and object recognition. Object or region based image processing can be performed more efficiently with information pertaining locations that are visually salient to human perception with the aid of a saliency map. Recently many authors have used wavelet domain for detection of salient regions. This domain has shown promising results but almost all the authors have ignored the detail
Smith ScholarWorks Smith ScholarWorks

Structural segmentation is the task of partitioning a recording into non-overlapping time intervals, and labeling each segment with an identifying marker such as A , B , or verse . Hierarchical structure annotation expands this idea to allow an annotator to segment a song with multiple levels of granularity. While there has been recent progress in developing evaluation criteria for comparing two hierarchical annotations of the same recording, the existing methods have known deﬁciencies when dealing with inexact label matchings and sequential label repetition. In this article, we investigate methods for automatically enhancing structural annotations by inferring (and expanding) hierarchical information from the segment labels. The proposed method complements existing techniques for comparing hierarchical structural annotations by coarsening or reﬁning labels with variation markers to either collapse similarly labeled segments together, or separate identically labeled segments from each other. Using the multi-level structure annotations provided in the SALAMI dataset, we demonstrate that automatic hierarchy expansion allows structure comparison methods to more accurately assess similarity between annotations.
venom renal Horned viper extract against alkanna orientalis The ameliorative effect of ,lipogram and cholinergic toxicity

: The present study designed to evaluate the toxicity of Horned viper/ Cerastes cerastes ( Cc ) venom on male albino rats and the possible ameliorative role of Alkanna orientalis (Ao) extract against venom toxicity. Forty-eight adult male albino rats (180 ± 200 g) divided into 6 groups. Group I injected intraperitonial with physiological saline (100μl). Group II injected intraperitonial with Ao extract (250 mg/kg/BW). Group III injected with 1/10 LD 50 of Cc venom (0.435 mg/kg/BW). Group IV injected intraperitonial with Cc venom (0.435 mg/kg/BW) then immediately injected with Ao extract (250 mg/kg/BW). Group V was given Ao extract orally (250 mg/kg/b.wt) then after 2 hours injected with Cc venom (0.435 mg/kg/BW) Group VI was injected with Cc venom (0.435 mg/kg/BW) then was injected immediately with immunoglobulin (300μl). Group III showed a significant increase in serum creatinin, urea, uric acid as well as a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, glucose level, calcium and cholinesterase when compared with control group. As well as, Ao extract when given intraperitonial immediately or orally 2 hours before Cc venom as antidote, it minimizes the changes of previous biochemical parameters. groups IV and V when compared with group VI, it showed that Ao extract considered more effective antidote than antivenom immunoglobulin for Cc venom renal, lipogram and cholinergic toxicity. In conclusion, Ao extract showed a new therapeutic and prophylaxis agents against Cc venom renal, lipogram and cholinergic toxicity.
PROPER NAMES KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR INTELLIGENT MOBILE APPLICATION

This article proposes a semantic knowledge base of proper names of the Kazakh language with about 100 semantic features. A semantic knowledge base of proper names of the Kazakh language allows obtaining new scientific results in expanding the functions of the Kazakh language, developing information resources in digital format and scientific-linguistic foundations of the Kazakh language for intelligent information systems with different capabilities. The analysis showed that Kazakh names have a large number of semantic features from the origin of names to their emotional coloring, borrowing from other languages, combining different roots, and so on, which are included as properties of the semantic knowledge base. The results of the work will be used to develop software application “Fascinating Onomastics” that will allow anyone who wants to do the analysis of names by origins, distributions, and variations as well as choose a name according to the given parameters. Moreover, this research contributes to the extraction and classification of proper names in many applications in the field of natural language processing and text analysis. By extracting proper names from the text, we provide a POS tagging information with semantic features. The study is carried out within the framework of the project BR11765535 “Development of Scientific and Linguistic Foundations and IT Resources to Expand the Functions and Improve the culture of the Kazakh Language” and upon completion of the project, the mobile application will be published on the Google Market and the Apple Store.
Identifying non-stationarities in random EM fields: are speckles Identifying non-stationarities in random EM fields: are speckles really disturbing? really disturbing?

: In dealing with random EM ﬁelds, ensemble averaging is an ubiquitous procedure. However, we demonstrate that spatial non-stationarities such as enhanced backscattering can be identiﬁed even from one single realization (snapshot) of the wave interaction with a random medium. Fourth-order correlations between ﬁeld components at two different spatial points are shown to provide the necessary information.
Data-Driven Personas Creation Based on the CHARLS Database: Analyzing the Interaction Design of Mobility Aid for the Chinese Elderly with Di�culty in Indoor transferring

China has entered into a light aging society and is gradually moving into the moderate aging society stage. A portion of the elderly with indoor transferring di�culties has become the core user of mobility aid design. In order to construct a persona for this relevant population, the data of the elderly in various �elds in the CHARLS database from 2018 was sorted, and a hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted using 12 variables of 119 samples. Based on the overall variability of sample variables, the elderly with indoor transferring di�culties in China were classi�ed according to the similarity of their characteristic data. The results of the hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that the elderly with indoor transferring di�culties in China can be divided into seven clusters. By sorting and re�ning the data of each cluster, seven data-driven personas containing their characteristic labels were obtained. By utilizing the cluster characteristics, the design direction of the mobility aid was determined, and a summary was made of the mobility aid 's functional features and corresponding interactive solutions for the physical needs of the elderly with indoor transferring di�culties in China.
Evaluation of Haied and Amal Apricot Cultivars Under EL-Khattatba Environmental Conditions in Egypt

: This study was conducted to evaluate two apricot cultivars (Hayed and Amal) under the Egyptian climatic conditions for two successive seasons (2016 and 2017) in a private farm in El-Khattatba on the Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road. These cultivars are 5 years old and planted 5×4 in sandy soil and irrigated by drip irrigation system. The study showed that, The “Haied” cultivar is earlier (10-12 days) than “Amal” cultivar however, the percentage of the fruit set especially spurs, fruit yield and yield/fed (ton) in “Amal” cv higher than “Haied” cv. “Haied” cv was characterized by the upright canopy, trunk, vegetative growth reddish in color, leaves with stipules not found in “Amal” cv leaves, an increase in fruit and seed weight, diameter, TSS%, length of the shoot, number of leaves and large leaf area. On the other hand, “Amal” cultivar was distinguished by trunk Pale gray with cracks trunk, spreading canopy, cling fruits with a red cheek, red spots that were not detected in the “Haied”cv and high fruit firmness, fruit length . The shelf life study showed that fruit firmness and TSS% of “Amal” cv are higher than “Haied”cv, fruit weight loss of “Amal” cv less than “Haied”cv especially in the second season. Total income/fed LE of “Amal” cv higher than “Haied”cv in both seasons. The histological studies of the buds proved differences between the two cultivars in the dates of the onset of flowering induction until the completion of the ovary development. The genetic evaluation among “Haied” and “Amal” apricot cultivars was estimated by using RAPD and ISSR molecular analysis for PCR reactions. The tested primers showed reproducible polymorphic patterns. These primers produced 117 bands and 67 bands as monomorphic, out of which 50 were polymorphic with polymorphic % 44.44% and the polymorphic bands were scored as 50 unique markers. Out of these results it possible to concluded that ISSR marker is generate from the functional region of the genome and the genetic analysis using this marker would be more useful for crop improvement programs. In final, we recommend expanding the cultivars of “Haied”and “Amal” because they are suitable for cultivation under Egyptian conditions and they are early-ripening cultivars, which increases the period of supply, marketing ability and circulation of apricots in the markets.
Mesoscopic calcium imaging in head-unrestrained non-human primates using a lensless microscope

19 20 Mesoscopic calcium imaging enables studies of cell-type specific neural activity over large sections of 21 the cortex and over multiple cortical areas. A growing body of literature from multiple animal models 22 suggests that this neural activity can be different when animals are free to move their bodies 23 compared to when they are restrained. Unfortunately, existing systems for imaging calcium dynamics 24 over large areas of the brain in non-human primates (NHPs) are large table-top devices that require 25 researchers to restrain the animal’s head so that it remains under the lens of the microscope. Here, 26 we demonstrate the first fluorescent imaging device, which is capable of imaging mesoscale calcium 27 activity in non-human primates that are free to move their heads. We successfully miniaturized our 28 system by replacing lenses with an optical phase mask and computational algorithms that reconstruct 29 images from complex sensor data. The resulting lensless microscope can fit comfortably on top of the 30 heads of the NHPs, allowing the animals to move their heads freely while imaging. We demonstrate 31 over 20 mm