Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A primal-dual fixed point algorithm for multi-block convex minimization

We extend a primal-dual fixed point algorithm (PDFP) proposed in [5] to solve two kinds of separable multi-block minimization problems, arising in signal processing and imaging science. This work shows the flexibility of applying PDFP algorithm to multi-block problems and illustrate how practical and fully decoupled schemes can be derived, especially for parallel implementation of large scale problems. The connections and comparisons to the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) are also present. We demonstrate how different algorithms can be obtained by splitting the problems in different ways through the classic example of sparsity regularized least square model with constraint. In particular, for a class of linearly constrained problems, which are of great interest in the context of multi-block ADMM, can be solved by PDFP with a guarantee of convergence. Finally, some experiments are provided to illustrate the performance of several schemes derived by the PDFP algorithm.
Characterization of HepaRG ® cells grown in 2D or 3D culture at single cell level using the cellenCHIP 384-3’RNA-Seq Kit

The emergence of single-cell sequencing has opened a new field in analytical biological approaches particularly allowing to uncover cell-to-cell heterogeneity of 3D cellular models and preventing incomplete conclusions drawn from bulk cell populations. In this study we compared the expression profiles of single HepaRG ® cells grown in 2D or 3D (spheroid) culture using the cellenCHIP 384-3’RNA-Seq Kit, a complete solution for single cell library preparation, in conjunction with the cellenONE ® single cell isolation and dispensing platform. Comparison of RNA expression profile of cells isolated from 2D vs. 3D culture reveals major differences of gene expressions. Studies using the cellenCHIP 384-3’RNA-Seq Kit in combination with the cellenONE have thus a great potential for the evaluation and characterization of 3D models at single cell level.
Technical Investigation of the Usability for Foamed Bitumen Stabilized Materials in Asphalt Pavements DOI : 10.36909/jer.18011

Asphalt recycling efforts are increasing in order to reduce the effects of high energy and raw material consumption in the asphalt sector. One of the most common methods for using old asphalt material, which still retains some value, is recycling with foam bitumen. In practice, for the preparation and evaluation of cold mixes produced using foam bitumen, ITS (Indirect Tensile Strength) and MR (Resilient Modulus) methods are generally used. Among these methods, ITS is mostly applied for the evaluation of the materials optimum percentages values and MR test is also used for the evaluation of mixture performance. In the experimental study, firstly for the cold mixes prepared with foam bitumen, optimum foam bitumen values of the production series were determined by ITS test. Then, reproductions were made for these optimum values and resilient modulus values were determined. It was found that the ITS and MR values were significantly affected by the material gradation and this showed the opposite tendency for the materials with the same gradation. The type of active filler was effective the same as the values of the mixtures on ITS and MR. Especially, the MR results were affected by the bitumen grade. As a result of the study, evaluation limit values; 225 kPa for ITS DRY value, 150 kPa for ITS WET value and 70% for TSR, 400 MPa resilient modulus value and 0.21 layer coefficient value are recommended for FBSM (Foam Bitumen Stabilized Material).
The Role of Social Identity and Perceived Discrimination in Human Capital Formation: Evidence from India

This study examines the role of historically defined social identity in human capital development over time by focusing on a region from India where social identities are defined along the lines of castes and religious groups. It investigates the evolution of gaps across social groups in children’s cognitive outcomes and parental investment in children’s education from ages 5 to 15. Significant gaps in test scores and parental investment are found between children from lower and upper Hindu castes. These gaps, which originate early in childhood and persist throughout the 10 years of the study period, cannot be completely explained by the differences in socioeconomic status across social groups. Moreover, the perception of social discrimination is also found to be a significant contributor to the gaps in cognitive outcomes and parental investment across social groups. While parents’ perceived social discrimination is associated with lower parental investment throughout childhood, it is negatively associated with children’s cognitive outcomes only at later ages.
The New Role of the Variance of Ratings on Decision-Making Process, Considering the Loyal Customer’s Diﬀerent Preference in a Brand

Evaluating the combined eﬀect of the average rating and variance of ratings in the consumer decision-making process and its impact on price, demand and proﬁt reveals interesting insights into reducing information asymmetry in e-business. The study examines the eﬀect by constructing a game theory model to extend made under conditions of the loyal customers’ diﬀerent characteristics as their preferences that mediate the eﬀect in the consumer decision-making process. The results show that consumers have higher intentions to consume low quality product with a higher variance, which results in increases price, demand and proﬁt. The study further analyses how consumers’ willingness to continue purchasing potentially risky products with a higher variance when they make decisions for two products with similar average ratings. Thus, this study will help managers to anticipate market trends and formulate eﬀective marketing strategies to reduce feelings of uncertainty in the potential buyers purchase decisions.
M4esh: mmWave-Based 3D Human Mesh Construction for Multiple Subjects

The recent proliferation of various wireless sensing systems and applications demonstrates the advantages of radio frequency (RF) signals over traditional camera-based solutions that are faced with various challenges, such as occlusions and poor lighting conditions. Towards the ultimate goal of imaging human body using RF signals, researchers have been exploring the possibility of constructing the human mesh, a structure capturing not only the pose but also the shape of the human body, from RF signals. In this paper, we introduce M4esh, a novel system that utilizes commercial millimeter wave (mmWave) radar for multi-subject 3D human mesh construction. Our M4esh system can detect and track the subjects on a 2D energy map by predicting the subject bounding boxes on the map, and tackle the subjects' mutual occlusion through utilizing the location, velocity and size information of the subjects' bounding boxes from the previous frames as a clue to estimate the bounding box in the current frame. Through extensive experiments on a real-world COTS millimeter-wave testbed, we show that our proposed M4esh system can accurately localize the subjects and generate their human meshes, which demonstrate the superior effectiveness of the proposed M4esh system.
A commutative diagram among discrete and continuous Neumann boundary optimal control problems

We consider a bounded domain n   whose regular boundary 1 2       consists of the union of two disjoint portions 1  and 2  with positive measures. The convergence of a family of continuous Neumann boundary mixed elliptic optimal control problems ( P  ), governed by elliptic variational equalities, when the parameter  of the family (the heat transfer coefficient on the portion of the boundary 1  ) goes to infinity was studied in Gariboldi - Tarzia, Adv. Diff. Eq. Control Processes, 1 (2008), 113-132, being the control variable the heat flux on the boundary 2  . It has been proved that the optimal control, and their corresponding system and adjoint system states are strongly convergent, in adequate functional spaces, to the optimal control, and the system and adjoint states of another Neumann boundary mixed elliptic optimal control problem ( P ) governed also by an elliptic variational equality with a different boundary condition on the portion of the boundary 1  . We consider the discrete approximations (  h P ) and ( h P ) of the optimal control problems ( P  ) and ( P ) respectively, for each  0 h and for each 0  , through the finite element method with Lagrange's triangles of type 1 with parameter h (the longest side of the triangles). We also discrete the elliptic variational equalities which define the system and their adjoint system states, and the corresponding cost functional of the Neumann boundary optimal control problems ( P  ) and ( P ). The goal of this paper is to study the convergence of this family of discrete Neumann boundary mixed elliptic optimal control problems (  h P ) when the parameter  goes to infinity. We prove the convergence of the discrete optimal controls, the discrete system and adjoint system states of the family (  h P ) to the corresponding to the discrete Neumann boundary mixed elliptic optimal control problem ( h P ) when    , for each  0 h , in adequate functional spaces. We also study the convergence when  0 h and we obtain a commutative diagram which relates the continuous and discrete Neumann boundary mixed elliptic optimal control problems  P P and   P by taking the limits 0 h  and   respectively.
Complex analogues of the half-classical geometry

Under very strong axioms, there is precisely one real noncommutative geometry between the classical one and the free one, namely the half-classical one, coming from the relations $abc=cba$. We discuss here the complex analogues of this geometry, notably with a study of the geometry coming from the commutation relations betwen all the variables $\{ab^*,a^*b\}$, that we believe to be the "correct" one.
An accurate method of calculating multilayer, multimaterial cylindrical magnetic shields

The basic concepts of shielding theory have existed since the last century [1,2]. There have been many publications on the subject of magnetic shielding, treating the case of shielding apparatus from static fields by means of multiple concentric shields and deriving several principles of fundamental importance. Unfortunately, however, theory has been applied to only the most ideal shield configurations, for the case of constant permeability [3-5]. This paper covers the analysis of shielding effectiveness of variable Permeability cylindrical shielded enclosures for the DC magnetic field case. When the permeability is a function of magnetic induction, the simple boundary solution for spherical or cylindrical shields can no longer be applied since the induction, through the permeability, is caused to vary as much as two orders of magnitude, causing nonuniformity in the field in the cavity and inside the shield. Thus, the permeability of the shielding material is considered as a function of the induction, and a significantly improved method of estimating the induction and permeability of the shield is presented. The effects of a multiple-shell geometry are treated in the equations of this analysis. This method gives fast, accurate results and can be run on a small computer for shielding optimization. Results of these magnetic field calculations allowed the selection of optimization criteria and showed how system requirements could be met by choosing a suitable shell structure arrangement. Experimental measurements on real materials for various shell structures confirmed the accuracy of this method.
Towards accurate transition data for 3p2, 3p3, 3p4 levels of Fe, Co and Ni ions

Variational results of high accuracy are presented for electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole transitions between levels of the configurations 3pm, m = 2, 3, 4 for the ionized elements of Fe, Co and Ni. In each case, the accuracy of the wavefunction is evaluated by the agreement of the computed energy with observation and the agreement in the length and velocity form of the line strength for E2 transitions. It is shown that the line strength increases as more correlation effects are included and that semi-empirical methods may over-correct this increase. Transition rates computed from line strengths and observed transition energies result in lifetimes that decrease as more correlation is included in the wavefunction. Results are compared with other theory and experiment.
Groups with Boundedly Finite Conjugacy Classes of Commutators.

In 1954 B. H. Neumann discovered that if G is a group in which all conjugacy classes are finite with bounded size, then the derived group G' is finite. Later (in 1957) Wiegold found an explicit bound for the order of G'. We study groups in which the conjugacy classes containing commutators are finite with bounded size. We obtain the following results. Let G be a group and n a positive integer. If |x^G|<n for any commutator x in G, then the second derived group G" is finite with n-bounded order. If |x^{G'}|<n for any commutator x in G, then the order of \gamma_3(G') is finite and $n$-bounded. Here \gamma_3(G') is the third term of the lower central series of G'.
A Determination of the Coronal Emission Measure Distribution in the Young Solar Analog EK Draconis from ASCA/EUVE Spectra

We present the results of a coronal differential emission measure (DEM) analysis of the nearby analog of the young Sun, EK Draconis, using data obtained with the ASCA and EUVE satellites. Various methods (including a CLEAN algorithm, a polynomial fit, a direct inversion method, a genetic algorithm, and a multitemperature fit) have been applied to reconstruct the DEM between 0.1 and 100 MK. The spectra from the four ASCA detectors and the two spectra from the short-wavelength and the medium-wavelength detectors of EUVE were subject jointly to the algorithms, taking into account both emission lines and continua. All methods converge to a DEM distribution that is essentially bimodal: we find two significant peaks near 7 MK and near 18 MK with a deep minimum around 10 MK. Little plasma is found at temperatures below 3-4 MK, despite EUVE's sensitivity to this temperature regime. We argue that the DEM distribution seen in EK Dra is induced by the properties of the radiative cooling function of a thermal, optically thin plasma. From an elemental abundance analysis, an Fe abundance of 0.83 times the corresponding solar photospheric abundance is found, and an abundance of Mg of 1.69 times the solar photospheric abundance, which may indicate for this specific element a first ionization potential effect similar to that found in the solar corona.
Anisotropy in 2D Discrete Exterior Calculus

We present a local formulation for 2D Discrete Exterior Calculus (DEC) similar to that of the Finite Element Method (FEM), which allows a natural treatment of material heterogeneity (element by element). It also allows us to deduce, in a robust manner, anisotropic fluxes and the DEC discretization of the pullback of 1-forms by the anisotropy tensor, i.e. we deduce how the anisotropy tensor acts on primal 1-forms. Due to the local formulation, the computational cost of DEC is similar to that of the Finite Element Method with Linear interpolations functions (FEML). The numerical DEC solutions to the anisotropic Poisson equation show numerical convergence, are very close to those of FEML on fine meshes and are slightly better than those of FEML on coarse meshes.
Inverse problems for Jacobi operators: I. Interior mass–spring perturbations in finite systems

We consider a linear finite spring–mass system which is perturbed by modifying one mass and adding one spring. We study when masses and springs can be recovered from the natural frequencies of the original and the perturbed systems. This is a problem about rank 2 or rank 3 perturbations of finite Jacobi matrices where we are able to describe quite explicitly the associated Green’s functions. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for two given sets of points to be eigenvalues of the original and modified systems, respectively.
A new discrete monotonicity formula with application to a two-phase free boundary problem in dimension two

Abstract We continue the analysis of the two-phase free boundary problems initiated by ourselves, studying where we studied the linear growth of minimizers in a Bernoulli-type free boundary problem at the non-flat points and the related regularity of free boundary. There, among other things, we also defined the functional where x0 is a free boundary point, i.e. and u is a minimizer of the functional for some bounded smooth domain and positive constants with . Here we show in discrete monotone at non-flat points x0, when N = 2 and p is sufficiently close to 2, and then establish the linear growth of u. A new feature of our approach is the anisotropic scaling argument discussed in Section 4.
Rapid postglitch spin-up of the superfluid core in pulsars

Vortex lines in the superfluid cores of neutron stars carry flux due to the induced proton charge current which results from the Fermi liquid interaction between neutrons and protons. As a consequence the scatttering of charges off these magnetic vortex lines equilibrates the core superfluid to the plasma and the crust on time scales of order 1 second after a glitch. Thus, the core superfluid cannot be responsible for the observed time scales of the Vela and Crab pulsars. This result supports the theory of Alpar et al, in which both the glitch and the slow postglitch relaxation are determined by the interaction of vortices with nuclei in the crust.
Astrometric observations of inner Saturnian satellites

This paper presents observations of four inner Saturnian satellites (SX = Janus, SXI = Epimetheus, SXVI = Prometheus and SXVII = Pandora) made in August and November 1995 during the Earth and Sun crossings of Saturn's ring plane, respectively. The August 1995 data combine data taken with the Adonis optics system mounted on the ESO 3.6-m telescope at La Silla, and images from the Hubble Space telescope (HST). The November 1995 data are based on HST images only. Orbits fits show that these observations combined with those of Nicholson et al. ([CITE]) have residuals of about 0.05 arcsec.
Mutually unbiased bases and semi-definite programming

A complex Hilbert space of dimension six supports at least three but not more than seven mutually unbiased bases. Two computer-aided analytical methods to tighten these bounds are reviewed, based on a discretization of parameter space and on Gröbner bases. A third algorithmic approach is presented: the non-existence of more than three mutually unbiased bases in composite dimensions can be decided by a global optimization method known as semidefinite programming. The method is used to confirm that the spectral matrix cannot be part of a complete set of seven mutually unbiased bases in dimension six.
Accelerated Voltage Regulation in Multi-Phase Distribution Networks Based on Hierarchical Distributed Algorithm

We propose a hierarchical distributed algorithm to solve optimal power flow (OPF) problems that aim at dispatching controllable distributed energy resources (DERs) for voltage regulation at minimum cost. The proposed algorithm features unprecedented scalability to large multi-phase distribution networks by jointly exploring the tree/subtrees structure of a large radial distribution network and the structure of the linearized distribution power flow (LinDistFlow) model to derive a hierarchical, distributed implementation of the primal-dual gradient algorithm that solves OPF. The proposed implementation significantly reduces the computation loads compared to the centrally coordinated implementation of the same primal-dual algorithm without compromising optimality. Numerical results on a 4,521-node test feeder show that the designed algorithm achieves more than 10-fold acceleration in the speed of convergence compared to the centrally coordinated primal-dual algorithm through reducing and distributing computational loads.
Sharp upper bound for the rainbow connection number of a graph with diameter 2

Let $G$ be a connected graph. The \emph{rainbow connection number $rc(G)$} of a graph $G$ was recently introduced by Chartrand et al. Li et al. proved that for every bridgeless graph $G$ with diameter 2, $rc(G)\leq 5$. They gave examples for which $rc(G)\leq 4$. However, they could not show that the upper bound 5 is sharp. It is known that for a graph $G$ with diameter 2, to determine $rc(G)$ is NP-hard. So, it is interesting to know the best upper bound of $rc(G)$ for such a graph $G$. In this paper, we use different way to obtain the same upper bound, and moreover, examples are given to show that the upper is best possible.
Molformer: Large Scale Chemical Language Representations Capture Molecular Structure and Properties

Predicting the properties of a chemical molecule is of great importance in many applications, including drug discovery and material design. Machine learning-based models promise to enable more accurate and faster molecular property predictions than the current state-of-the-art techniques, such as Density Functional Theory calculations or wet-lab experiments. Various supervised machine learning models, including graph neural nets, have demonstrated promising performance in molecular property prediction tasks. However, the vast chemical space and the limited availability of property labels make supervised learning challenging, calling for learning a general-purpose molecular representation. Recently, unsupervised transformer-based language models pre-trained on large unlabeled corpus have produced state-of-the-art results in many downstream natural language processing tasks. Inspired by this development, we present molecular embeddings obtained by training an efﬁcient transformer encoder model, MoLFormer, which uses rotary positional embeddings. This model employs a linear attention mechanism, coupled with highly distributed training, on SMILES sequences of 1.1 billion unlabeled molecules from the PubChem and ZINC datasets.Experiments show that utilizing the learned molecular representation outperforms existing baselines on downstream tasks, including supervised and self-supervised graph neural net baselines and language models, on several classiﬁcation and regression tasks from ten benchmark datasets while performing competitively on two others. Further analyses, speciﬁcally through the lens of attention, demonstrate that MoLFormer trained on chemical SMILES indeed learns the spatial relationships between atoms within a molecule. These results provide encouraging evidence that the large-scale molecular language models can capture sufﬁcient chemical and structural information to predict various distinct molecular properties, including quantum-chemical properties.
Aharonov-Bohm effect revisited

Aharonov-Bohm effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that attracted the attention of many physicists and mathematicians since the publication of the seminal paper of Aharonov and Bohm [1] in 1959. We consider different types of Aharonov-Bohm effect such as magnetic AB effect, electric AB effect, combined electromagnetic AB effect, AB effect for the Schr\"odinger equations with Yang-Mills potentials, and the gravitational analog of AB effect. We shall describe different approaches to prove the AB effect based on the inverse scattering problems, the inverse boundary value problems in the presence of obstacles, spectral asymptotics, and the direct proofs of the AB effect.
Spectral Synthesis and Masa‐Bimodules

The interaction between harmonic analysis and operator theory has been fruitful. In [1] Arveson related results in the theory of operator algebras to spectral synthesis. He defined synthesis for subspace lattices and proved that certain classes of lattices are synthetic. The main result in this paper is a generalization of a result of Arveson for the case of subspace maps. In order to describe in more detail the content of the present work, we need to introduce some definitions and facts from [2] and [9].