Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Semantics of Image Annotation

This paper presents a language for the semantic annotation of images, focusing on event types, their participants, and their spatial and orientational conﬁgurations. This language, ImageML, is a self-contained layered speciﬁcation language, building on top of ISOspace, as well as some elements from Spatial Role Labeling and SpatialML. An annotation language characterizing such features surrounding an event and its various aspects could play a signiﬁcant role in structured image retrieval, and a mapping of annotated semantic entities and the image’s low-level features will likely assist event recognition and description generation tasks.
Multiport microstrip grid array antenna

This paper first summarizes the research and development of microstrip grid array antennas for millimeterwave radio and radar applications over the recent years. Then the paper describes multiport microstrip grid array antennas to explore their use in multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems. Particular emphasis is given to the multiport excitation and isolation performances.
Pathological mechanisms of hepatic tumour formation in rats exposed chronically to dietary hexachlorobenzene

The chronic dietary administration of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) to rats for a year or more results in the formation of liver tumours described as hepatocellular carcinomas, hepatomas or haemangiomas. The hepatotoxicity of HCB, which is greatest in hamsters and rats, gives rise to peliosis and necrosis with haemosiderosis. This pattern of hepatotoxicity indicates vascular damage, which through haemosiderosis could increase not only the toxic effect of HCB to hepatocytes but also its tumourogenic potential. The present study confirmed vascular damage by the identification of widespread fibrin deposits in the livers of rats chronically exposed to HCB, using an antibody to rat fibrin. Based on our study we suggest that the formation of hepatomas and haemangiomas with elements of peliosis (cystic blood‐filled cavities) could be explained by the compensatory hyperplastic responses to hepatocellular necrosis and by the simultaneous loss of hepatocellular cords. The accumulation of iron in the liver would strongly potentiate the development of hepatic tumours, as has been found in HCB and polychlorinated biphenyl‐treated mice with iron overload. The implications of this non‐genotoxic mechanism of hepatoma formation for the assessment of human health risk are discussed.
Voltage Transformer Ferroresonance from an Energy Transfer Standpoint

A novel approach to determine whether ferroresonance can occur is developed. It is based on the energy transferred from the system to the voltage transformer during the switching transient. This approach is used to develop a practical test criterion to indicate if ferroresonance can occur at a specific station. The numerical values of the parameters used in this criteria can be easily determined for any station. The analytical results are compared with experimental data gathered at three stations on the AEP system with good agreement. >
High Throughput Data Relay Satellite Link at Ka/Q/W Bands for Earth Observation Missions

Captured data by earth observing low earth orbit satellites are downlinked to the gateways at very low data rates limited by the congested X and S bands. A data relay link by a geostationary orbit satellite was proposed to collect the captured data from several low earth orbit satellites from its higher altitude and feeds it to the gateways. A high throughput feeder downlink was achieved by migration to higher and less congested Q and W frequency bands aiming to achieve higher data rates. The achieved data rates by the modelled data relay links at Ka, Q and W bands were very promising in clear sky conditions never the less the satellite channel was an obstacle specifically at Q and W bands, where the satellite link showed a very poor availability and significantly deteriorated capacity. Hence propagation channel models were derived for each band and fade mitigation techniques were investigated and employed. The links at Q and W bands employed site diversity fade mitigation technique being the only possible strategy within the existing technology together with variable code and modulation. Selective, equal gain and maximum gain combining site diversity techniques were modelled and evaluated for three diversity scenarios for all the European earth observation programme gateways. The designed data relay link at Q and W bands achieved the high throughput data demand by Copernicus European Earth observation programme while maintaining the system’s ground segment complexity. This solution could be extended to provide a near live streaming service which is limited by the low earth orbit satellites constellation design and number of geostationary orbit satellites.
Jugular bulb oxygen saturation correlates with Full Outline of Responsiveness score in severe traumatic brain injury patients

Background Maintaining brain oxygenation status is the main goal of treatment in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) monitoring is a technique to estimate global balance between cerebral oxygen supply and its metabolic requirement. Full Outline of Responsiveness (FOUR) score, a new consciousness measurement scoring, is expected to become an alternative for Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in evaluating neurologic status of patients with severe traumatic head injury, especially for those under mechanical ventilation. Methods A total of 63 patients with severe TBI admitted to emergency department (ED) were included in this study. SjvO2 sampling was taken every 24 hours, until 72 hours after arrival. The assessment of FOUR score was conducted directly after each blood sample for SjvO2 was taken. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine the correlation between SjvO2 and FOUR score. Regression analysis was used to determine mortality predictors. Results From the 63 patients, a weak positive correlation between SjvO2 and FOUR score (r=0.246, p=0.052) was found upon admission. Meanwhile, strong and moderate negative correlation values were found in 48 hours (r=−0.751, p<0.001) and 72 hours (r=−0.49, p=0.002) after admission. Both FOUR score (p<0.001) and SjvO2 (p=0.04) were found to be independent mortality predictors in severe TBI. Conclusion There was a negative correlation between the value of SjvO2 and FOUR score at 48 and 72 hours after admission. Both SjvO2 and FOUR score are independent mortality predictors in severe TBI.
Random mappings, forests, and subsets associated with Abel-Cayley-Hurwitz multinomial expansions

Various random combinatorial objects, such as mappings, trees, forests, and subsets of a nite set, are constructed with probability distributions related to the binomial and multinomial expansions due to Abel, Cayley and Hurwitz. Relations between these combinatorial objects, such as Joyal’s bijection between mappings and marked rooted trees, have interesting probabilistic interpretations, and applications to the asymptotic structure of large random trees and mappings. An extension of Hurwitz’s binomial formula is associated with the probability distribution of the random set of vertices of a fringe subtree in a random forest whose distribution is dened by terms of a multinomial expansion over rooted labeled forests.
Variable Weighting in Fuzzy k-Means Clustering to Determine the Number of Clusters

One of the most significant problems in cluster analysis is to determine the number of clusters in unlabeled data, which is the input for most clustering algorithms. Some methods have been developed to address this problem. However, little attention has been paid on algorithms that are insensitive to the initialization of cluster centers and utilize variable weights to recover the number of clusters. To fill this gap, we extend the standard fuzzy <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="khan-ieq1-2911582.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-means clustering algorithm. It can automatically determine the number of clusters by iteratively calculating the weights of all variables and the membership value of each object in all clusters. Two new steps are added to the fuzzy <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="khan-ieq2-2911582.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-means clustering process. One of them is to introduce a penalty term to make the clustering process insensitive to the initial cluster centers. The other one is to utilize a formula for iterative updating of variable weights in each cluster based on the current partition of data. Experimental results on real-world and synthetic datasets have shown that the proposed algorithm effectively determined the correct number of clusters while initializing the different number of cluster centroids. We also tested the proposed algorithm on gene data to determine a subset of important genes.
TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS OF LEVONORGESTREL IN WOMEN USING A LEVONORGESTREL‐RELEASING IUD

Thirteen women who were scheduled for hysterectomy volunteered for the study. Nine women had a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine contraceptive device inserted between 36 and 49 days prior to surgery and four women were on oral levonorgestrel treatment for 7 days prior to surgery. After the surgical removal of the uterus, samples of endometrial, myometrial, fallopian tube and fat tissue were obtained. Methods for measuring tissue concentrations of levonorgestrel were developed and the uptake of levonorgestrel by fat tissue in vitro was studied. The concentrations of levonorgestrel in myometrial, fallopian tube and fat tissue were all of the same order, of between 1 and 5 ng/g of wet weight of tissue, in both the intrauterine device group and the orally treated group. In the endometrium the levonorgestrel concentrations were many‐fold higher in the intrauterine device group. The in vitro experiments showed a rapid uptake of levonorgestrel and an unsaturability of the fat tissue by the steroid at the concentrations used. The fat tissue concentrations of levonorgestrel correlated with the plasma concentrations.
Removal of toxic metal ions from industrial effluent using bio-adsorbent

In the present work, the removal of metals ions such as Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(III) from industrial effluent by batch adsorption technique using different bio-adsorbents were investigated. Standard solutions of the metal ions of different concentrations were prepared and their adsorption properties onto neem leaf powder (NLP), nut shell powder (NSP) and jute stick powder (JSP) were studied. The influence of initial metal ion concentration, contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, free energy and desorption studies were investigated. Experimental data for all the adsorbents were found to fit well to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The experimental data revealed that these adsorbents are highly effective for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) but a little bit less potential for the removal of Cr(III) from industrial effluents at pH 6-7. The data obtained were interpreted kinetically by using pseudo first order, and pseudo second order kinetic models. In all the cases, the adsorption kinetics followed pseudo second order rate equation. NLP, NSP and JSP are very effective adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) even when their concentration is as low as 4 ppm. The main advantage of using NLP, NSP and JSP for the adsorptive removal of metal ions from wastewater lies in the fact that these adsorbents are most effective when the pH of the medium is about 6.5. So, NLP, NSP and JSP may be used as cost-effective and environment-friendly adsorbents for the removal and recovery of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions from industrial wastewater.
Hyperlipoproteinemia in Streptozotocin-treated Rats

In order to study hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus, rats were made diabetic by administration of streptozotocin and the optimal conditions for production of severe and persistent hyperlipoprotenemia determined. Two groups of rats were compared: rats fed sucrose-rich diets and rats fed laboratory chow. The optimal dose of streptozotocin was 45 mg/kg body weight for the sucrose-fed rats. With this dose, plasma glucose reached a maximum of over 600 mg. /100 ml. , and plasma insulin was reduced by 60 per cent. Plasma triglycerides rose in the sucrose-fed rats to over 1,000 mg/100 ml. two days after the streptozotocin was given and then decreased to over 770 mg. /100 ml. 12 days after treatment and then to 585 mg. /100 ml. 10 weeks after induction of diabetes. With this dose, ketonuria did not occur nor did any of the animals die, as occurred with higher doses. In the chow-fed rats, plasma triglyceride levels were elevated with the induction of diabetes to levels of approximately 300 mg. /100 ml. The concentration of all the plasma lipoproteins increased with the induction of diabetes. The concentration of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) protein in the sucrose-fed diabetic increased fivefold, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) protein increased, and especially striking was the increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) protein concentration, which became more pronounced with the duration of the diabetes. The diabetes produced by streptozotocin administration to sucrose-fed rats, thus, provides a useful model for the study of the hyperlipoproteinemia of diabetes.
Quantum radiation from a partially reflecting moving mirror

We consider the quantum radiation from a partially reflecting moving mirror in two-dimensional Minkowski space. Semi-transparency is achieved by localizing a δ-type potential at the mirror's position. We obtain the radiated flux for arbitrary motions as an integral functional of the entire mirror's past trajectory. Partial reflectivity corrections to the perfect mirror result are also discussed.
Gap junction structures: Analysis of the x-ray diffraction data

Models for the spatial distribution of protein, lipid and water in gap junction structures have been constructed from the results of the analysis of X-ray diffraction data described here and the electron microscope and chemical data presented in the preceding paper (Caspar, D. L. D., D. A. Goodenough, L. Makowski, and W.C. Phillips. 1977. 74:605-628). The continuous intensity distribution on the meridian of the X-ray diffraction pattern was measured, and corrected for the effects of the partially ordered stacking and partial orientation of the junctions in the X-ray specimens. The electron density distribution in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the junction was calculated from the meridional intensity data. Determination of the interference function for the stacking of the junctions improved the accuracy of the electron density profile. The pair-correlation function, which provides information about the packing of junctions in the specimen, was calculated from the interference function. The intensities of the hexagonal lattice reflections on the equator of the X-ray pattern were used in coordination with the electron microscope data to calculate to the two-dimensional electron density projection onto the plane of the membrane. Differences in the structure of the connexons as seen in the meridional profile and equatorial projections were shown to be correlated to changes in lattice constant. The parts of the junction structure which are variable have been distinguished from the invariant parts by comparison of the X-ray data from different specimens. The combination of these results with electron microscope and chemical data provides low resolution three- dimensional representations of the structures of gap junctions.
Histopathology of Nonotosclerotic Stapes Fixations

Hypothesis: Different diseases without exact histopathologic classification can cause stapes ankylosis. Background: Otosclerosis is a complex bone remodeling disorder of the otic capsule due to persisting measles virus infection and consecutive inflammatory reaction. In fact, clinical and demographic features of otosclerosis have reference to stapes ankylosis. In the clinical practice, otosclerosis and stapes ankylosis are incorrect synonyms. Methods: Nonotosclerotic stapes footplates (n = 284) removed during stapedectomy were analyzed histologically. Otosclerosis was excluded during the histologic preselection (n = 437). Total RNA was extracted, and measles virus-specific reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed. Results: Nonotosclerotic stapes ankylosis was associated with total absence of measles virus RNA. Six main types of nonotosclerotic stapes fixations could be distinguished histologically: annular calcification (n = 152; 53.5%), globular fibrosis (n = 49; 17.25%), lymphocytic infiltration (n = 31; 10.9%), hemosiderosis (n = 22; 7.75%), granulomas (n = 17; 6%) and amyloidosis (n = 13; 4.6%). Fragmentation of nonotosclerotic stapes footplates was infrequent (7%) during stapes surgery. Only 1 floating footplate (0.35%) was reported. Conclusion: Two thirds of nonotosclerotic stapes footplates represented complete pathologic bone remodeling. Unlike otosclerosis, nonotosclerotic stapes fixations were characterized by basic histopathologic findings without organ specificity that can also be identified in case of different diseases. Prevalence of nonotosclerotic stapes ankylosis is approximately 30 to 40% among stapes fixation cases. The long-term prognosis and surgical considerations theoretically differ from those of otosclerosis.
The Apev Scale: A Measure of Annual Performance of an Export Venture

Annual company reports and financial statements rarely distinguish between the domestic and export markets operations, and even more rarely provide annual financial indicators on specific export ventures performance. This situation is a major obstacle to the development of export marketing practice and theory. To overcome this state of affairs the authors develop and test a new measure for assessing the annual performance of an export venture (the APEV scale) as perceived by managers. The new measure has five dimensions: 1) annual export ventures financial performance; 2) annual export ventures strategic performance; 3) annual export ventures achievement; 4) contribution of the export venture to annual exporting operations; and 5) satisfaction with annual export ventures performance. Findings are used to generate managerial implications and directions for future research.
How Bacteria-Induced Apoptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Contributes to Mucosal Inflammation

The life cycle of an intestinal epithelial cell is terminated by apoptosis and/or cell shedding. Apoptotic deletion of epithelial cells from the intact intestinal mucosa is not accompanied by detectable inflammatory response or loss of barrier function. But increased permeability of the epithelial barrier and increased apoptotic rates of epithelial cells have been reported for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Microbiota can both induce or inhibit apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells thus contribute to mucosal inflammation or support epithelial integrity respectively. Bacteria-mediated cytokine secretion and altered cell signalling are central to epithelial injury. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secreted after exposure to invasive bacteria induces both apoptosis and cell shedding. TNF is the major target gene of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B with both pro- and anti-apoptotic effects. Autophagy promotes both cell survival and “autophagic” cell death. If autophagy is directed against microbes it is termed xenophagy. Inhibition of xenophagy has been shown to decrease cell survival. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes misfolded proteins to accumulate in the ER lumen. It was suggested that ER stress and autophagy may interact within intestinal epithelial cells. Apoptosis in response to infection may be well proposed by the host to delete infected epithelial cells or could be a strategy of microbial pathogens to escape from exhausted cells to invade deeper mucosal layers for a prolonged bacterial colonization.
Multi-subregion face recognition using coarse-to-fine Quad-tree decomposition

One problem of existing appearance-based face recognition methods (e.g. PCA, LDA) is their weak ability of coping with local variations caused by facial expressions, motion deformation, data missing, etc. Multi-subregion fusion methods, which divide the face into a set of subregions, aim at this issue, and were reported a better performance. However, it leaves two open questions: 1. what subregions are good partitions on the face, and 2. How to fuse these subregions could achieve the expected performance. In this paper, we address these two questions and propose a local discrimination driven face partition method based on a coarse-to-fine Quad-tree decomposition. Unlike other multi-subregion approaches relying on prior knowledge, our method partitions the face according to the data property. Thus, it can adapt to varied databases. Meanwhile, our method introduces an optimized solution that fuses selected subregions to reach higher recognition accuracy. The cross-database experiments including one 3D database and three 2D databases demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Distance from Water as a Factor in Grazing Capacity of Rangeland

be expected to make full use of it. It is less commonly recognized, or at least not commonly taken into account, that accessibility of range, and hence its grazing capacity, progressively decreases as distance from water increases (4, 5, 12, 13). Recognition of this fact is especially acking with regard to level or gently rolling rangeland. On this kind of rangeland where water developments have been made to bring all of a given range area within reasonable walking distance of the livestock, it has been assumed that the range was all about equally accessible and that the utilization of forage would under propel management befairly even throughout the area. Grazing capacity surveys have generally reflected this assumption and as a result have yielded figures in excess of the true grazing capacities of rangelands. Some earlier observers have noted a graduated use of forage out from water (6) but apparently it was not generally recognized as unavoidable since no adjustment based on graduated use has been incorporated in range survey procedure. This error continues to the present and is comprehended in current instructions for conducting range surveys (8, 9, 10, and 11).
Estradiol Acutely Potentiates Hippocampal Excitatory Synaptic Transmission through a Presynaptic Mechanism

Although recent evidence suggests that the hippocampus is a source of 17β-estradiol (E2), the physiological role of this neurosteroid E2, as distinct from ovarian E2, is unknown. One likely function of neurosteroid E2 is to acutely potentiate excitatory synaptic transmission, but the mechanism of this effect is not well understood. Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recording of synaptically evoked EPSCs in adult rat hippocampal slices, we show that, in contrast to the conclusions of previous studies, E2 potentiates excitatory transmission through a presynaptic mechanism. We find that E2 acutely potentiates EPSCs by increasing the probability of glutamate release specifically at inputs with low initial release probability. This effect is mediated by estrogen receptor β (ERβ) acting as a monomer, whereas ERα is not required. We further show that the E2-induced increase in glutamate release is attributable primarily to increased individual vesicle release probability and is associated with higher average cleft glutamate concentration. These two findings together argue strongly that E2 promotes multivesicular release, which has not been shown before in the adult hippocampus. The rapid time course of acute EPSC potentiation and its concentration dependence suggest that locally synthesized neurosteroid E2 may activate this effect in vivo.