Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software designers, are you biased?

Methods of representing and capturing design rationale have been studied in past years. Many meta-models, methods and techniques have been proposed. Are these software engineering methods sufficient to help designers make logical and appropriate design decisions? Studies have shown that people make biased decisions, software designers may also be subjected to such cognitive biases. In this paper, I give an overview of how cognitive biases and reasoning failures may lead to unsound design decisions. I conjecture that in order to improve the overall quality of software design, we as a community need to improve our understanding and teaching of software design reasoning.
A De Novo Genome Assembly Algorithm for Repeats and Nonrepeats

Background. Next generation sequencing platforms can generate shorter reads, deeper coverage, and higher throughput than those of the Sanger sequencing. These short reads may be assembled de novo before some specific genome analyses. Up to now, the performances of assembling repeats of these current assemblers are very poor. Results. To improve this problem, we proposed a new genome assembly algorithm, named SWA, which has four properties: (1) assembling repeats and nonrepeats; (2) adopting a new overlapping extension strategy to extend each seed; (3) adopting sliding window to filter out the sequencing bias; and (4) proposing a compensational mechanism for low coverage datasets. SWA was evaluated and validated in both simulations and real sequencing datasets. The accuracy of assembling repeats and estimating the copy numbers is up to 99% and 100%, respectively. Finally, the extensive comparisons with other eight leading assemblers show that SWA outperformed others in terms of completeness and correctness of assembling repeats and nonrepeats. Conclusions. This paper proposed a new de novo genome assembly method for resolving complex repeats. SWA not only can detect where repeats or nonrepeats are but also can assemble them completely from NGS data, especially for assembling repeats. This is the advantage over other assemblers.
Supersizing the Mind

Forward: By David Chalmers / Acknowledgements / Introduction: BRAINBOUND versus EXTENDED / I: From Embodiment to Cognitive Extension - 1. The Active Body: 1.1 A Walk on the Wild Side 1.2 Inhabited Interaction 1.3 Active Sensing 1.4 Distributed Functional Decomposition 1.5 Sensing for Coupling 1.6 Information Self-Structuring 1.7 Perception, Qualia, and Sensorimotor Expectations 1.8 Time and Mind 1.9 Dynamics and (Soft) Computation. 1.10 Out from the Bedrock 2. The Negotiable Body: 2.1 Where the Rubber Meets the Road 2.2 What's in an Interface? 2.3 New Systemic Wholes 2.4 Substitutes 2.5 Incorporation Vs Use 2.6 Towards Cognitive Extension 2.7 Three Grades of Embodiment 3. Material Symbols: 3.1 Language as Scaffolding 3.2 Augmenting Reality 3.3 Sculpting Attention 3.4 Hybrid Thoughts? 3.5 From Translation to Coordination 3.6 Second-order Cognitive Dynamics 3.7 Self-made Minds. 4. World, Incorporated: 4.1 Cognitive Niche Construction: A Primer 4.2 Cognition in the Globe: A Cameo 4.3 Thinking Space 4.4 Epistemic Engineers 4.5 Exploitative Representation and Wide Computation 4.6 Tetris: The Update 4.7 The Swirl of Organization 4.8 Extending the Mind 4.9 BRAINBOUND versus EXTENDED: The Case So Far. II. Boundary Disputes - 5. Mind Re-bound? : 5.1 EXTENDED Anxiety 5.2 Pencil Me In 5.3 The Odd Coupling 5.4 Cognitive Candidacy 5.5 The Mark of the Cognitive? 5.6 Kinds and Minds 5.7 Perception and Development 5.8 Deception and Contested Space 5.9 Folk Intuition and Cognitive Extension 5.10 Asymmetry and Lopsideness 5.11 Similarity vs Complementarity 5.12 Hippo-World 6. The Cure for Cognitive Hiccups (HEMC, HEC, HEMC): 6.1 Rupert's Challenge 6.2 HEC versus HEMC 6.3 Parity and Cognitive Kinds (Again) 6.4 The Persisting Core 6.5 Cognitive Impartiality 6.6 A Brain Teaser 6.7 Thoughtful Gestures 6.8 Material Carriers 6.9 Loops as Mechanisms 6.10 Anarchic Self-Stimulation 6.11Autonomous Coupling 6.12 Why the HEC? 6.13 The Cure 7. Rediscovering the Brain: 7.1 Matter into Mind 7.2. Honey, I Shrunk the Representations 7.3 Change Spotting: The Sequel 7.4 Thinking about Thinking: The Brain's Eye View. : 7.5 Born-Again Cartesians? 7.6 Surrogate Situations 7.7 Plug Points 7.8 Brain Control 7.9 Asymmetry Arguments 7.10 Extended in a Vat 7.11 The (Situated) Cognizer's Innards III: The Limits of Embodiment - 8. Painting, Planning, and Perceiving: 8.1 Enacting Perceptual Experience 8.2 The Painter and the Perceiver 8.3 Three Virtues of the Strong Sensorimotor Model 8.4 A Vice: Sensorimotor (Hyper) Sensitivity 8.5 What Reaching Teaches 8.6 (Tweaked)Tele-Assistance 8.7 Sensorimotor Summarizing 8.8 Virtual Content, Again 8.9 Beyond the Sensorimotor Frontier 9. Disentangling Embodiment: 9.1 Three Threads 9.2 The Separability Thesis 9.3 Beyond Flesh-eating Functionalism. 9.4 Ada, Adder, and Odder 9.5 A Tension Revealed 9.6 What Bodies Are 9.7 Participant Machinery and Morphological Computation 9.8 Quantifying Embodiment 9.9 The Heideggerian Theatre / 10. Conclusions: Mindsized Bites / Appendix: The Extended Mind (Andy Clark and David Chalmers)
LA SALUD DE LAS WEB UNIVERSITARIAS ESPAÑOLAS

The Web has become an important tool for universities, and one that is employed in a variety of ways. Examples are: disseminating and publicising research findings and activities; publishing teaching and administrative information for students; and collaborating with other institutions nationally and internationally. But how effectively are Spanish universities using the Web and what information can be gained about online communication patterns through the study of Web links? This paper reports on an investigation into 64 university Web sites that were indexed using a specialist information science Web crawler and analysed using associated software. There were a wide variety of sizes for university Web sites and that universities attracted links from others broadly in proportion to their site size. The Spanish academic Web was found to lag behind those of the four countries that it was compared to. However, the most commonly targeted top-level Internet domains were from non-Spanish speaking high Web using countries around the world, showing a broad international perspective and high degree of multilingualism for Web authors. The most highly targeted pages were mainly those that attracted automatically generated links, but several government ministries were a surprise inclusion.
X-Ray Detection of SN 1994W in NGC 4041?

Optical spectra of SN 1994W in NGC 4041 revealed the presence of a dense (Ne > 108 cm-3) circumstellar shell. An observation with the ROSAT High-Resolution Imager detected a source, with a luminosity of ~8 × 1039 ergs s-1, coincident with the position of SN 1994W to within 1. ″4. The positional coincidence plus the optical evidence for a dense circumstellar shell support the identification of the X-ray source as SN 1994W.
Specific Localization of Serine 19 Phosphorylated Myosin II during Cell Locomotion and Mitosis of Cultured Cells

Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin II (RMLC) at Serine 19 by a specific enzyme, MLC kinase, is believed to control the contractility of actomyosin in smooth muscle and vertebrate nonmuscle cells. To examine how such phosphorylation is regulated in space and time within cells during coordinated cell movements, including cell locomotion and cell division, we generated a phosphorylation-specific antibody. Motile fibroblasts with a polarized cell shape exhibit a bimodal distribution of phosphorylated myosin along the direction of cell movement. The level of myosin phosphorylation is high in an anterior region near membrane ruffles, as well as in a posterior region containing the nucleus, suggesting that the contractility of both ends is involved in cell locomotion. Phosphorylated myosin is also concentrated in cortical microfilament bundles, indicating that cortical filaments are under tension. The enrichment of phosphorylated myosin in the moving edge is shared with an epithelial cell sheet; peripheral microfilament bundles at the leading edge contain a higher level of phosphorylated myosin. On the other hand, the phosphorylation level of circumferential microfilament bundles in cell–cell contacts is low. These observations suggest that peripheral microfilaments at the edge are involved in force production to drive the cell margin forward while microfilaments in cell–cell contacts play a structural role. During cell division, both fibroblastic and epithelial cells exhibit an increased level of myosin phosphorylation upon cytokinesis, which is consistent with our previous biochemical study (Yamakita, Y., S. Yamashiro, and F. Matsumura. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 124:129–137). In the case of the NRK epithelial cells, phosphorylated myosin first appears in the midzones of the separating chromosomes during late anaphase, but apparently before the formation of cleavage furrows, suggesting that phosphorylation of RMLC is an initial signal for cytokinesis.
FREQUENCY CONTROL SCHEME USING INTEGRATED GRID INVERTER FOR WIND MILL

Wind is a copious vital source of energy which is complimentary and a fabulous gift of Mother Nature. The escalating levels of wind generation have resulted in an urgent appraisal of their impact on frequency control of power system. Despite the consequences of wind turbine technology, The main intention of this paper is to counterpart the generated frequency from the existing system along with the GRID side frequency which has an unremitting variation due to the loads connected besides the GRID. This frequency disparity is the major concern in today's renewable energy system and is particularly true in portable wind mill applications connected with the grid. So a frequency control scheme using integrated grid inverter for such wind mill applications is being discussed in this paper.
Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation

Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation. Lynne Truss. New York: Gotham Books. 209 pp. $17.50 hbk. A panda walks into a cafe. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots in the air. "Why? " asks the confused waiter, as the panda makes towards the exit. The panda produces a badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over his shoulder. "I'm a panda," he says, at the door. "Look it up. " The waiter turns to the relevant entry, and, sure enough, finds an explanation. "Panda. Large black-and-white bearlike mammal, native to China. Eats, shoots and leaves. " This joke is the basis for the book's title and gives the reader fair warning of what's to come: Eats, Shoots & Leaves is not your ordinary punctuation text; it's more humour (the author is British and proud of it) than instruction. Author Lynne Truss worked as a literary editor, novelist, and journalist before hosting Cutting a Dash, a BBC Radio 4 series about punctuation, in 2002. The success of the radio shows led to the writing of Eats, Shoots & Leaves, which surprised her and the rest of the literary world by topping the charts in Britain and eventually the United States. Since then, Truss has become somewhat of a celebrity, praised for her witty, droll, and very British humour, as well as her passion for punctuation. The book is indeed funny, bawdy even. Truss laments the fact that she never volunteered to have the babies of Aldus Manutius the Elder (1450-1515), the historically ignored Englishman who invented the italic typeface and printed the first semicolon. She is mightily amused at the difference a comma makes in lines such as "Now I must go and get on my lover," which should actually be "Now I must go and get on, my lover. " There are numerous anecdotes about punctuation errors the author has seen and suffered in her daily travels; in many cases she issued a public reprimand so as to maintain her coveted reputation as a "stickler. " We've all seen and laughed at such mistakes, but they're still fun to read: signs for "BOBS' MOTORS" "ANTIQUES" "MENS COAT'S" "hot DOGS a MEAL IN ITS'SELF. " Truss writes of seemingly endless greengrocer (aka grocery store) errors: "orange,s and apples' and pear's" are all on sale in "Dicks" grocery. Truss even has a specific term for such errors: the greengrocer's apostrophe, used mistakenly to form a singular possessive instead of a simple plural. This book is almost more about Truss herself than it is about punctuation. True, there are chapters about the apostrophe, comma, semicolon, dash, and hyphen, but there is no indexing in the book that allows the reader to look up any specific topic, nor are the chapters written so that one can easily locate punctuation rules or usage examples. …
Collective Coordinate Quantization: Relativistic and Gauge Symmetric Aspects

The introduction and quantization of a center-of-mass coordinate is demonstrated for the one-soliton sector of nonlinear field theories in (1+1) dimensions. The present approach strongly emphazises the gauge and BRST-symmetry aspects of collective coordinate quantization. A gauge is presented which is independent of any approximation scheme and which allows to interpret the new degree of freedom as the {\em quantized} center of mass coordinate of a soliton. Lorentz invariance is used from the beginning to introduce fluctuations of the collective coordinate in the {\em rest frame} of the {\em moving} soliton. It turns out that due to the extended nature of the soliton retardation effects lead to differences in the quantum mechanics of the soliton as compared to a point-like particle. Finally, the results of the semiclassical expansion are used to analyse effective soliton-meson vertices and the coupling to an external source. Such a coupling in general causes acceleration as well as internal excitation of the soliton.
Qu‘est‐ce que la démence ?

Depuis deux decennies, les manifestations cognitives associees au vieillissement ont fait l‘objet de nombreux travaux et de diverses classifications. Mais, du fait de l‘absence de criteres operationnels precis, ces travaux et classifications ne permettaient pas de separer de facon claire les manifestations relevant du vieillissement physiologique du debut des maladies degeneratives ou vasculaires. Plus recemment, un accord est intervenu pour distinguer trois categories de sujets en fonction de leurs performances : les sujets dont les performances s‘inscrivent dans les normes des sujets de meme âge et de meme niveau culturel, les sujets dements et un groupe intermediaire constitue, dans l‘immense majorite des cas, par des sujets dont les troubles sont lies a des affections pathologiques qui vont evoluer vers la demence. Ces sujets sont decrits sous le nom de mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Le concept de MCI a l‘avantage de reconnaitre, pour la premiere fois, l‘existence d‘une phase predementielle des affections degeneratives. Malheureusement, sa definition manque de criteres operationnels precis et sa signification elle‐meme est discutee, ce qui rend problematique son utilisation pour les etudes cliniques, epidemiologiques et therapeutiques. Pour le clinicien, le probleme se resume le plus souvent, en pratique courante, a savoir differencier une plainte de memoire suspecte de reveler une MA debutante d‘une plainte « benigne ». Les caracteres cliniques de la plainte, son retentissement sur l‘activite du sujet et les caracteres qualitatifs des troubles mnesiques sont les elements essentiels de distinction. Il est actuellement possible de faire le diagnostic de MA et d‘instaurer la prise en charge des sujets avant le stade dementiel. Les plaintes banales sont essentiellement d‘origine psychoaffective, en rapport avec l‘anxiete et les reactions du sujet aux modifications d‘identite et d‘estime de soi associees au vieillissement.
Looking through a Window on Open Source Culture: Lessons for Community Infrastructure Design

Slashdot is a major virtual meeting ground for the Open Source development community. The discourse at Slashdot is interpreted in this study, and in combination with primary interviews and secondary archival analysis, yields rich insights about the signifying practices, contradictions, norms, incentive structures and values systems that characterize the community that it supports. The characteristics of the site such as the emphasis on collaboration to manage information, its distinctive interpellation, the reputation-maintenance mechanisms, use of Open Source tools, and adoption of norms such as "release early, release often" reflect the broader Open Source ideals. Using an ethnomethodology perspective, this study provides clear examples to recover what reflective members 'know' from their practical mastery in everyday affairs of the community. We find that the site taps into the emergent social construction of the community and effectively mediates that construction. It is proposed that Slashdot's success is derived from the skillful design that both reflects and supports Open Source practices and principles. The study offers important insights for organizations that are trying to nurture open-source communities for socially coordinated software development.
Environmental Values in American Culture

How do Americans view environmental issues? From EarthFirst! members to sawmill workers, this study by a team of cognitive anthropologists offers both good and bad news for those addressing environmental issues in the public arena. On the one hand it reveals surprising similarities in the way different groups of Americans view long-term global environmental change, and on the other it shows that Americans have serious misunderstandings about these issues, which skews public support for policies.Using research techniques developed in the study of other cultures, Environmental Values in American Culture explores the reasons for the recent increase in environmental sentiments among Americans, and shows that current views attributing public environmentalism to a single cause are greatly oversimplified. It investigates the components of public environmentalism: beliefs (what people think the world is like), values (what is moral or desirable), and cultural models (the organization of beliefs or values into explanations or justifications). The authors document how scientific information on such issues as global warming, ozone depletion, and species extinctions is interpreted and transformed by the public, and how underlying beliefs and values influence preferences for or against environmental policies. The interviews with and surveys of groups such as EarthFirst! , Sierra Club members, the general public, congressional staff, coal miners, and sawmill workers yield rich insights about how people conceptualize - and misconceptualize - major environmental issues. They also reveal public beliefs and values that differ sharply from those of environmental scientists and economists, identify what is shared by Americans and what is idiosyncratic to extreme groups, and show that religious and spiritual values concerning the environment and concerns for one's descendants are as important as economic tradeoffs.
Analysis of superposition of streams into a cache buffer

We consider the superposition of address streams into a cache buffer which is managed according to a Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement policy. Each of the streams is characterized by a stack depth distribution, i.e., the cache hit ratio as a function of the cache size, if that individual stream were applied to a LRU cache. We seek the cache hit ratio for each stream, when the combined stream is applied to a shared LRU cache. This problem arises in a number of branches of computer science, particularly in database systems and processor architecture.We provide two techniques to solve this problem and demonstrate their effectiveness using database I/O request streams. The first technique is extremely simple and relies on an assumption that the buffer is "well-mixed". The second technique relaxes this assumption and provides more accurate results. We evaluate the performance of the two techniques on realistic data, both in a lab environment and a large database installation. We find that the first simple technique provides accuracy which is sufficient for most practical purposes. By investigating sources of error and trying various improvements in the model we obtain some insight into the nature of database I/O request streams.
MARKETING EMPREENDEDOR E REDES DE RELAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE MICRO, PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS

Este artigo apresenta um estudo do marketing empreendedor e de suas ligacoes com a rede de relacao de empreendedores de MPME tecnologicas. As praticas de marketing empreendedor, consideradas informais e nao estruturadas sao desenvolvidas em grande parte por meio das redes de relacao pessoais, sociais e de negocios dos empreendedores, dai a importância de estudar tais questoes. A pesquisa feita e um estudo multi-caso, exploratorio e qualitativo. O tratamento dos dados, coletados principalmente com entrevistas semi-estruturadas em profundidade, baseou-se em analises intra-caso e inter-caso para se comparar os dados e obter resultados de pesquisa validos para o conjunto da amostra. A rede de relacao dos empreendedores mostrou-se de grande importância para o marketing empreendedor por diferentes motivos, mas principalmente por moldar as competencias e a visao dos empreendedores. Em seu final, o artigo traz varias sugestoes para a realizacao de novas pesquisas sobre o tema.
Self-Efficacy for AIDS Preventive Behaviors among Tenth Grade Students

To guide acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention program planning, 181 tenth grade students residing in or near an AIDS epicenter completed a survey measuring past year involvement in sexual intercourse and condom use, beliefs about self-efficacy for AIDS preventive behaviors, and beliefs about susceptibility to and severity of AIDS, and outcome efficacy of AIDS preventive actions. A degree of uncertainty existed for all areas of self-efficacy surveyed: refusing sexual intercourse under a variety of circumstances, questioning sex partners about past risky behaviors, and correct and consistent condom use. Students were most uncertain of their ability to refuse sex with a desirable partner, under pressure, or after drinking alcohol or using marijuana; to purchase condoms, or use them consistently after drinking alcohol or using marijuana; and to question partners about past homosexual history. Those students with lower self-efficacy for refusing sex were twice as likely to have had sexual intercourse. Similarly, those students with lower self-efficacy for correct, consistent condom use were five times less likely to have used condoms consistently. These associations remained even after adjusting for the influence of other AIDS-related beliefs. Implications of these findings focus on exploiting the link between self-efficacy and behavior by building a prevention program that emphasizes skills-building rather than the traditional knowledge-only approach.