Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context-Aware Visual Exploration of Molecular Datab

Facilitating the visual exploration of scientific data has received increasing attention in the past decade or so. Especially in life science related application areas the amount of available data has grown at a breath taking pace. In this paper we describe an approach that allows for visual inspection of large collections of molecular compounds. In contrast to classical visualizations of such spaces we incorporate a specific focus of analysis, for example the outcome of a biological experiment such as high throughout screening results. The presented method uses this experimental data to select molecular fragments of the underlying molecules that have interesting properties and uses the resulting space to generate a two dimensional map based on a singular value decomposition algorithm and a self-organizing map. Experiments on real datasets show that the resulting visual landscape groups molecules of similar chemical properties in densely connected regions
The Reliability of the Stochastic Active Rotator

The reliability of firing of excitable-oscillating systems is studied through the response of the active rotator, a neuronal model evolving on the unit circle, to white gaussian noise. A stochastic return map is introduced that captures the behavior of the model. This map has two fixed points: one stable and the other unstable. Iterates of all initial conditions except the unstable point tend to the stable fixed point for almost all input realizations. This means that to a given input realization, there corresponds a unique asymptotic response. In this way, repetitive stimulation with the same segment of noise realization evokes, after possibly a transient time, the same response in the active rotator. In other words, this model responds reliably to such inputs. It is argued that this results from the nonuniform motion of the active rotator around the unit circle and that similar results hold for other neuronal models whose dynamics can be approximated by phase dynamics similar to the active rotator.
Face recognition in the presence of multiple illumination sources

Most existing face recognition algorithms work well for controlled images but are quite susceptible to changes in illumination and pose. This has led to the rise of analysis-by-synthesis approaches due to their inherent potential to handle these external factors. Though these approaches work quite well, most of them assume that the face is illuminated by a single light source which is usually not true in realistic conditions. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to recognize faces illuminated by arbitrarily placed, multiple light sources. The algorithm does not need to know the number of light sources and works extremely well even while recognizing faces illuminated by different number of light sources. Results using this algorithm are reported on multiple-illumination datasets generated from PIE by T. Sim, et al. (2003) and Yale Face Database B by W. Zhao, et al. (2003). We also highlight the importance of the hard non-linearity in the Lambert's law which is often ignored, probably to linearize the estimation process
Dysgonic fermenter-2 infections.

phenomenon and may not lead initially to enlargement of the liver. Given the worsening nature of the patient's ascites after vitamin A intake was discontinued, a way was sought to maximize the removal of the vitamin A by increasing the RBP levels. Nutritional supplementation was given to provide an adequate protein intake. A trial of prednisone was used to increase the mobilization of hepatic vitamin A by increasing the release ofRBP from the liver.1 12 In summary, this case report describes an unusual presentation of chronic vitamin A intoxication. It suggests that children with malnutrition may be at a greater risk for intoxication because of impaired RBP production and can present with normal vitamin A levels. Determining the retinolbinding protein level is vital in the diagnosis and helpful in deciding the management. Last, although most patients' symptoms resolve simply by withdrawing the vitamin A supplementation and providing good nutrition, a trial of steroids may be considered in patients with persistent clinical symptoms. REFERENCES
Remote forcing of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current by diapycnal mixing

We show that diapycnal mixing can drive a significant Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) volume transport, even when the mixing is located remotely in northern‐hemisphere ocean basins. In the case of remote forcing, the globally‐averaged diapycnal mixing coefficient is the important parameter. This result is anticipated from theoretical arguments and demonstrated in a global ocean circulation model. The impact of enhanced diapycnal mixing on the ACC during glacial periods is discussed.
Artful systems in the home

In this paper we introduce the idea of organizing systems. Through a number of examples from an ongoing ethnographic study of family life, we suggest that organizing systems come about through the artful design and use of informational artifacts in the home, such as calendars, paper notes, to-do lists, etc. These systems are not only seen to organize household routines and schedules, but also, crucially, to shape the social relations between family members. Drawing attention to the material properties of informational artifacts and how assemblies of these artifacts come to make up organizing systems, we discuss some general implications for designing information technology for the home. Most importantly, we suggest that technologies must be designed to accommodate the rich and diverse ways in which people organize their homes, providing them with the resources to artfully construct their own systems rather than enforcing ones that are removed from their own experiences.
Composition Theorem for Generalized Sum

Composition theorems are tools which reduce sentences about some compound structure to sentences about its parts. A seminal example of such a theorem is the Feferman-Vaught Theorem [3] which reduces the first-order theory of generalized products to the first order theory of its factors and the monadic second-order theory of index structure. Shelah [23] used the composition theorem for linear orders as one of the main tools for obtaining very strong decidability results for the monadic second-order theory of linear orders. The main technical contribution of our paper is (1) a definition of a generalized sum of structures and (2) a composition theorem for first-order logic over the generalized sum. One of our objectives is to emphasize the work-out of the composition method.
Long-Term Occupancy Trends in a Data-Poor Dugong Population in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago

Prioritizing efforts for conserving rare and threatened species with limited past data and lacking population estimates is predicated on robust assessments of their occupancy rates. This is particularly challenging for elusive, long-lived and wide-ranging marine mammals. In this paper we estimate trends in long-term (over 50years) occupancy, persistence and extinction of a vulnerable and data-poor dugong (Dugong dugon) population across multiple seagrass meadows in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago (India). For this we use hierarchical Bayesian dynamic occupancy models accounting for false negatives (detection probability<1), persistence and extinction, to two datasets: a) fragmentary long-term occurrence records from multiple sources (1959–2004, n = 40 locations), and b) systematic detection/non-detection data from current surveys (2010–2012, n = 57). Dugong occupancy across the archipelago declined by 60% (from 0.45 to 0.18) over the last 20 years and present distribution was largely restricted to sheltered bays and channels with seagrass meadows dominated by Halophila and Halodule sp. Dugongs were not found in patchy meadows with low seagrass cover. In general, seagrass habitat availability was not limiting for dugong occupancy, suggesting that anthropogenic factors such as entanglement in gillnets and direct hunting may have led to local extinction of dugongs from locations where extensive seagrass meadows still thrive. Effective management of these remnant dugong populations will require a multi-pronged approach, involving 1) protection of areas where dugongs still persist, 2) monitoring of seagrass habitats that dugongs could recolonize, 3) reducing gillnet use in areas used by dugongs, and 4) engaging with indigenous/settler communities to reduce impacts of hunting.
Correlation-energy functional and its high-density limit obtained from a coupling-constant perturbation expansion.

A perturbation theory is developed for the correlation energy ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$[n], of a finite-density system, with respect to the coupling constant \ensuremath{\alpha} which multiplies the electron-electron repulsion operator in ${\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$=T^+\ensuremath{\alpha}V${\mathrm{^}}_{\mathit{e}\mathit{e}}$+${\mathit{tsum}}_{\mathit{i}}$${\mathit{v}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$(${\mathbf{r}}_{\mathit{i}}$). The external potential ${\mathit{v}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$ is constrained to keep the gound-state density n fixed for all \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\ge}0. ${\mathit{v}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$ is given completely in terms of functional derivatives at full charge (\ensuremath{\alpha}=1), from which ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$[${\mathit{n}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$]=${\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{c},2}$[n]+ ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$${\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{c},3}$[n]+${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$${\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{c},4}$[n]+. , where each ${\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{c},}$j[n] is expressed in terms of integrals involving Kohn-Sham determinants. Here, ${\mathit{n}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$(x,y,x)=${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{3}$n(\ensuremath{\lambda}x,\ensuremath{\lambda}y,\ensuremath{\lambda}z) and \ensuremath{\lambda}=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The identification of ${\mathrm{lim}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$[${\mathit{n}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$], which is a high-density limit, as the second-order energy ${\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{c},2}$[n] allows one to compute bounds upon ${\mathrm{lim}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$[${\mathit{n}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$]; the bounds imply that ${\mathrm{lim}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$[${\mathit{n}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$]\ensuremath{\simeq}${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$[n] for a large class of small atoms and molecules, and suggest that ${\mathrm{lim}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$[${\mathit{n}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$] should be of the same order of magnitude as ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$[n] in finite insulators and semiconductors.
Mating status, immune defence, and multi‐parasite burden in the damselfly Coenagrion armatum

Immunity and reproductive effort are both physiologically costly and often a trade‐off between these functions has been shown. In studies with damselflies, parasite load has been associated with fitness costs, such as reductions in mating success, male condition, and survival. Although each individual may be simultaneously infected by various parasite species, most studies have concentrated on the effects of a single parasite taxon. We examined natural ecto‐ and endoparasite infection levels in male Coenagrion armatum (Charpentier) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) damselflies in relation to their mating status, fat reserves, and ability to further mount an immune response, measured as encapsulation of an experimentally introduced foreign object. Encapsulation response was lower for mated (paired) males than for single males and declined with increasing water mite abundance. Mated males had fewer water mites than single males. Male weight or fat reserves did not explain variation in encapsulation response. The number of gregarine gut parasites was not related to the level of encapsulation response and did not differ between mated and single males. However, there was a negative correlation between mite abundance and gregarine load. Our data suggest that current mite infection may compromise a male’s resistance against further infections by pathogens and parasites, and there may be a trade‐off between reproductive effort and encapsulation response in male C. armatum.
Standing on the Shoulders of Citizens: Exploring Gameful Collaboration for Creating Social Experiments

There exists a gap in knowledge between scientists and the larger non-scientist public. Therefore, much of the information provided to the public regarding research that should influence their decisions is often misunderstood. In order to eliminate, or at the very least, minimize this gap, there is a need to educate non-scientists about research methods and experimental design. In order to address this need, we have created a digital game, Mad Science, that allows non-scientists to create and participate in experiments to better understand research methods. The current study analyses the results of a paper prototyping session, where non-scientists were asked to create experiments using the tools and scaffolding provided in the game. Participants were able to create playable scenarios and testable experiments. However, our results suggest a need for further AI support and scaffolding to address common areas of confusion and to facilitate the experimental design process.
Secular instability in a quasi-viscous accretion disc

A first-order correction in the α-viscosity parameter of Shakura & Sunyaev has been introduced in the standard inviscid and thin accretion disc. A linearised time-dependent perturbative study of the stationary solutions of this " quasi-viscous " disc leads to the development of a secular instability on large spatial scales. This qualitative feature is equally manifest for two different types of perturbative treatment — a standing wave on subsonic scales, as well as a radially propagating wave. Stability of the flow is restored when viscosity disappears.
The Effect of Ginsenosides on Adrenocorticotropin Secretion in Primary Culture of Rat Pituitary Cells

The effect of ginsenoside-Rb 1 , -Rc, -Rd, -Re, and Rg 1 on adrenocortiocotropin (ACTH) secretion was examined using a primary culture of pituitary cells. Ginsenoside-Rg 1 , but not other ginsenosides, stimulated the secretion of ACTH. Ginsenoside-Rg 1 was found to stimulate ACTH secretion in a dose-dependent fashion; the half maximal response occurred at ca. 2.8 μM; the maximum content of ACTH was obtained at 10 μM of ginsenoside-Rg 1 . The stimulation of ACTH secretion by ginsenoside-Rg 1 was observed at 15 min after the treatment. Intracellular adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) increased significantly at 10 minute after treatment with ginsenoside-Rg 1 . Although the increased plasma corticosterone level in a rat treated with ginsenoside-Rb 1 , -Rc, -Rd, and -Re is considered as the result of stimulated ACTH secretion, in this study, it is suggested that ACTH secretion is not caused by direct action of these ginsenosides to hypophysis.
Metabolic response of isolated liver cells to in Vivo phagocytic challenge

This study elucidates the in vivo metabolic response of different liver cells after a single phagocytic challenge. In vivo glucose uptake of different tissues and isolated liver cells was determined by a sequential double labeling version of the 2‐deoxyglucose technique. After latex administration, glucose uptake more than doubled in the liver, increased by about 50% in the spleen and lung and was not changed in muscle and testis. Within 10 min after intravenous injection of latex beads, neutropenia developed, with no change in the number of lymphocytes. This was accompanied by a marked influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the liver. Latex was found in 52%, 35%, and 14% of the isolated Kupffer cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells, respectively. In vivo glucose uptake increased by 111%, 142%, and 43% in these cells. Glucose uptake by the latex‐free hepatocytes was also elevated, presumably by way of intercellular signals between parenchymal and non‐parenchymal liver cells. Indomethacin pretreatment resulted in the delay of neutrophil immigration into tissues without any change in the glucose response of different liver cells. Thus phagocytic stimulation in vivo results in marked neutropenia, migration of neutrophils into the liver, increased glucose uptake by phagocytic cells of the liver and enhanced glucose metabolism by the nonphagocytic parenchymal cells. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:277—281).
Treatment of chronic asthma in children: the changing role of inhaled corticosteroids.

T he current increase in the incidence of asthma and in the number of deaths from asthma among young patients is of extreme concern. ' Inflammation of the airways is the main pathophysiologic process in asthma, and it can be found even in patients with newly diagnosed, mild or asymptomatic asthma.2'3 Inhaled corticosteroid therapy is the best anti-inflammatory treatment available for asthma. It decreases airway inflammation and nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, improves pulmonary function and decreases the frequency and severity of asthma symptoms. Although not required by children with mild or intermittent asthma such therapy is currently underused in the treatment of moderate or severe asthma and is still viewed by many physicians as a last resort. This position paper aims to help physicians select the children with chronic asthma who are most likely to benefit from inhaled corticosteroid therapy. The objectives of treatment are that all children with asthma be free from symptoms of wheeze, cough and shortness of breath, attend school regularly, have normal exercise tolerance, sleep uninterruptedly at night and have the best pulmonary function possible, without adverse effects from medications.4-6 Of all children with asthma 75% have mild or intermittent symptoms and require minimal (no more than twice daily) use of a f2-adrenergic agonist (e.g., salbutamol) to treat intermittent cough or wheezing or to prevent exercise-induced symptoms.6 Preferably, the p32-agonist is given by inhalation. The device used should be the one best suited to the patient's age and dexterity, as determined in a demonstration session with the physician or his or her designate. Mild, infrequent asthma episodes in very young children can be managed with a #2-agonist given orally. Another 20% of children with asthma have frequent symptoms, defined as more than six episodes of asthma per year or as necessitating a 32-agonist more than twice daily. For these children we recommend a trial of cromolyn sodium, inhaled regularly four times daily, to reduce the need for a p32-agonist and to keep them free from symptoms. Cromolyn is effective in many young patients and has virtually no adverse effects, even if used regularly for years. Among school-aged children, if it has not prevented symptoms or the excessive use of an inhaled f32-agonist (more than two or three times daily) after 4 to 6 weeks and has not improved the peak expiratory flow rates, preventive treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid such as beclomethasone or budesonide should be considered.7-'3 Among younger children a much longer trial of cromolyn is warranted, and its efficacy should be assessed by means of a symptom diary. The newer antiallergic medications nedocromil and ketotifen seem to be no more effective than cromolyn and are more likely to produce adverse effects. There is little rationale for adding theophylline to treatment regimens with cromolyn, because this increases the risk of adverse effects and the expense of treatment without increasing cromolyn's efficacy.
Prediction of disparity and its application to stereo matching

In this paper, we present a novel matching framework for stereo video sequence based on disparity prediction by stereo-motion fusion. Fusion-based methods tackles the problem by integrating different depth modalities in cooperative way, so as to resolve matching ambiguities from each modality and acquire more accurate disparity map. Unfortunately, only few works consider processing with video sequences, which appears commonly in practical applications of stereo vision. The proposed method attempts to achieve high-quality disparity map, while maintaining temporal consistency by disparity prediction process which tracks features of disparity map. Experimental results show that our fusion algorithm quantitatively and qualitatively outperforms previous fusion-based matching methods.
Tonometer utilization, accuracy, and calibration under field conditions.

A field survey conducted in 94 ophthalmologists' offices in our immediate area assessed the accuracy of tonometers in daily use. One hundred eighty-five instruments were examined: 127 were slit lamp mounted, 48 were hand held, and 10 were noncontact devices. Nineteen percent of applanation tonometers were outside the manufacturers' specifications (1 mm Hg of the calibration) and 4.5% were more than 2 mm Hg in error. The error was constant across the scale. Hand-held applanators were less accurate than those on slit lamps (P less than .02); the latter demonstrated an association between accuracy and age (P less than .05) and heavier use (P less than .01). Annual recalibration was performed in 86% of instruments. Those practitioners who themselves performed the calibration had the most accurate instruments. Less than 15% knew how to perform the calibration check.
Fabrication of Polymer Optical Fibre (POF) Gratings

Gratings inscribed in polymer optical fibre (POF) have attracted remarkable interest for many potential applications due to their distinctive properties. This paper overviews the current state of fabrication of POF gratings since their first demonstration in 1999. In particular we summarize and discuss POF materials, POF photosensitivity, techniques and issues of fabricating POF gratings, as well as various types of POF gratings.
Induction of Hippocampal Long-Term Depression Requires Release of Ca2+ from Separate Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Intracellular Stores

Studies have suggested that an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] is necessary for the induction of both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission, and that release of Ca2+ from intracellular storage pools can be necessary to induce LTP. We investigated whether release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores also is required for the induction of LTD at Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapses in hippocampal slices. Both thapsigargin (1 μm) and cyclopiazonic acid (1 μm), compounds that deplete all intracellular Ca2+ pools by blocking ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake into intracellular compartments, blocked the induction, but not maintenance, of LTD by low-frequency stimulation (LFS) (1 Hz/15 min) without affecting baseline synaptic transmission. Washout of the reversible inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid restored the ability to induce LTD. In contrast, thapsigargin did not blockdepotentiation of LTP by 1 Hz LFS, suggesting that LTP causes a reduction in the threshold [Ca2+] necessary for LTD. Selective depletion of the ryanodine receptor-gated Ca2+ pool by bath application of ryanodine (10 μm) also blocked the induction of LTD, indicating a requirement for Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. Impalement of CA1 pyramidal neurons with microelectrodes containing thapsigargin (500 nm to 200 μm) prevented the induction of LTD at synapses on that neuron without blocking LTD in the rest of the slice. In contrast, similar filling of CA1 pyramidal neurons with ryanodine (2 μm to 5 mm) did not block the induction of LTD. From these data, we conclude that the induction of LTD requires release of Ca2+ both from apresynaptic ryanodine-sensitive pool and frompostsynaptic (presumably IP3-gated) stores.