Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-lingual Perspectives about Crisis-Related Conversations on Twitter

The role of social networks during natural disasters is becoming crucial to share relevant information and coordinate relief actions. With the reach of the social networks, any user around the world has the possibility of interact in crisis-events as these unfold. A large part of the information posted during a disaster uses the native language where the disaster occurred. However, there are also users from other parts of the world who can comment about the event, often in another language. In this work, we conducted a study of crisis-related tweets about the earthquake that occurred in Ecuador in April 2016. To that end, we introduce a new annotated dataset in both Spanish and English languages with approximately 8K tweets; half of them belong to conversations. We evaluate several neural architectures to identify crisis-related tweets in a multi-lingual setting, and we found that deep contextual multi-lingual embeddings outperform other strong baseline models. We then explore the type of conversations that occur from the perspective of different languages. The results show that certain types of conversations occur more in the native language and others in a foreign language. Conversations from foreign countries seek to gather situation awareness and give emotional support, while in the affected country the conversations aim mainly to humanitarian aid.
Verifying Physical Endpoints to Secure Digital Systems

The proliferation of electronic devices supporting sensing, actuation, and wireless communication enables the monitoring and/or control of a variety of physical systems with digital communication. Such “cyber physical systems” blur the boundaries of the digital and physical worlds, where correct information about the physical world is needed for the correct operation of the digital system. Often in these systems the physical source or destination of information is as important as the information itself. However, the omni-directional and invisible nature of wireless communication makes it difficult to determine communication endpoints. This allows a malicious party to intercept wireless messages or pose as other entities in the system. As such, these systems require new protocols to associate the endpoints of digital communication with physical entities. Traditional security approaches that associate cryptographic keys with names can help verify endpoints in static systems where a string accurately describes the role of a device. In other systems, the role of a device depends on its physical properties, such as location, which change over time. This dynamic nature implies that identification of an endpoint based on a static name is insufficient. Instead, we can leverage devices’ sensing and actuation capabilities to verify the physical properties and determine the physical endpoints of communication. We investigate three different scenarios where the physical source and/or destination is important and propose endpoint verification techniques: verifying the physical endpoints during an exchange between two smartphones, verifying the receiver of information is in a physical space to enable location-based access control, and verifying the source of information to protect Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) applications. We evaluate our proposals in these systems and show that our solutions fulfill the security requirements while utilizing existing hardware. Exchanging Information Between Smartphones Shake on it (SHOT) allows users to verify the endpoints during an exchange of information between two smartphones. In our protocol, the phones use their vibrators and accelerometers to establish a human-observable communication chan-
DNA strand breaks: the DNA template alterations that trigger p53-dependent DNA damage response pathways

The tumor suppressor protein p53 serves as a critical regulator of a G1 cell cycle checkpoint and of apoptosis following exposure of cells to DNA-damaging agents. The mechanism by which DNA-damaging agents elevate p53 protein levels to trigger G1/S arrest or cell death remains to be elucidated. In fact, whether damage to the DNA template itself participates in transducing the signal leading to p53 induction has not yet been demonstrated. We exposed human cell lines containing wild-type p53 alleles to several different DNA-damaging agents and found that agents which rapidly induce DNA strand breaks, such as ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and DNA topoisomerase-targeted drugs, rapidly triggered p53 protein elevations. In addition, we determined that camptothecin-stimulated trapping of topoisomerase I-DNA complexes was not sufficient to elevate p53 protein levels; rather, replication-associated DNA strand breaks were required. Furthermore, treatment of cells with the antimetabolite N(phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) did not cause rapid p53 protein increases but resulted in delayed increases in p53 protein levels temporally correlated with the appearance of DNA strand breaks. Finally, we concluded that DNA strand breaks were sufficient for initiating p53-dependent signal transduction after finding that introduction of nucleases into cells by electroporation stimulated rapid p53 protein elevations. While DNA strand breaks appeared to be capable of triggering p53 induction, DNA lesions other than strand breaks did not. Exposure of normal cells and excision repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells to low doses of UV light, under conditions in which thymine dimers appear but DNA replication-associated strand breaks were prevented, resulted in p53 induction attributable to DNA strand breaks associated with excision repair. Our data indicate that DNA strand breaks are sufficient and probably necessary for p53 induction in cells with wild-type p53 alleles exposed to DNA-damaging agents.
NEURAL NETWORK IN DRUG DISCOVERY-LEARNING THE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF CHEMICAL MOLECULE MONOAMINE OXIDASE ( MAO ) INHIBITION

The biologically inspired Neural Networks are computer programs designed to simulate the way in which the human brain processes information. Neural network gather their knowledge by detecting the patterns and relationships in data and learn through experience. Neural network was not only used for classification of physiologically active substances but also for solving the quantitative structure activity relationship problem. An important part of drug design and discovery is to understand the structure-activity relationship of chemical molecules. Without this understanding, drug design and discovery becomes an intractable, blind search problem. The goal of drug discovery in this study was to learn structural pattern associated with Monoamine Oxidation both in high and low inhibition.
Representation Learning for Scale-free Networks

Network embedding aims to learn the low-dimensional representations of vertexes in a network, while structure and inherent properties of the network is preserved. Existing network embedding works primarily focus on preserving the microscopic structure, such as the first- and second-order proximity of vertexes, while the macroscopic scale-free property is largely ignored. Scale-free property depicts the fact that vertex degrees follow a heavy-tailed distribution (i.e., only a few vertexes have high degrees) and is a critical property of real-world networks, such as social networks. In this paper, we study the problem of learning representations for scale-free networks. We first theoretically analyze the difficulty of embedding and reconstructing a scale-free network in the Euclidean space, by converting our problem to the sphere packing problem. Then, we propose the "degree penalty" principle for designing scale-free property preserving network embedding algorithm: punishing the proximity between high-degree vertexes. We introduce two implementations of our principle by utilizing the spectral techniques and a skip-gram model respectively. Extensive experiments on six datasets show that our algorithms are able to not only reconstruct heavy-tailed distributed degree distribution, but also outperform state-of-the-art embedding models in various network mining tasks, such as vertex classification and link prediction.
R-FCN++: Towards Accurate Region-Based Fully Convolutional Networks for Object Detection

Region based detectors like Faster R-CNN and R-FCN have achieved leading performance on object detection benchmarks. However, in Faster R-CNN, RoI pooling is used to extract feature of each region, which might harm the classification as the RoI pooling loses spatial resolution. Also it gets slow when a large number of proposals are utilized. R-FCN is a fully convolutional structure that uses a position-sensitive pooling layer to extract prediction score of each region, which speeds up network by sharing computation of RoIs and prevents the feature map from losing information in RoI-pooling. But R-FCN can not benefit from fully connected layer (or global average pooling), which enables Faster R-CNN to utilize global context information. In this paper, we propose R-FCN++ to address this issue in two-fold: first we involve Global Context Module to improve the classification score maps by adopting large, separable convolutional kernels. Second we introduce a new pooling method to better extract scores from the score maps, by using row-wise or column-wise max pooling. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art single-model results on both Pascal VOC and MS COCO object detection benchmarks, 87.3% on Pascal VOC 2012 test dataset and 42.3% on COCO 2015 test-dev dataset. Code will be made publicly available.
THE EFFECT OF INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR ADMINISTRATION OF METHIONINE‐ENKEPHALIN ON THE STRESS‐INDUCED SECRETION OF CORTICOSTERONE IN MICE

Ether stress or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of saline, met‐enkephalin, or naltrexone raised plasma corticosterone levels in mice. The response to ether stress was abolished by a preceding ether stress or by pretreatment. with i.c. v. saline or naltrexone. However, following i.c. v. met‐enkephalin, plasma corticosterone was significantly elevated by ether stress, the effect being blocked by simultaneous injection of met‐enkephalin and naltrexone. Met‐enkephalin appears to prevent fast‐feedback inhibition of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal system.
A NOTE ON SIMPLE MONETARY POLICY RULES WITH LABOR MARKET AND FINANCIAL FRICTIONS

We consider a New-Keynesian model with financial and labor market frictions where firms borrowing is limited by the enforcement constraint. The wage is set in a bargaining process where the firm's shareholder and worker share the production surplus. As debt service is considered to be a part of production costs, firms borrow to reduce the surplus which allows to lower the wage. We study the model's response to financial shock under two Taylor-type interest rate rules: first one responds to inflation and borrowing, second one to inflation and unemployment. We have found that the second rule delivers better policy in terms of the welfare measure. Additionally, we show that the feedback on unemployment in this rule depends on the extent of workers' bargaining power.
A Single Pixel Camera based on a DLP Video Projector

In this paper, we describe how a single pixel camera was constructed using widely available components, with the most important component being a repurposed video projector. A single pixel camera uses one single sensor, i.e. one pixel, to read light instensity. This single sensor samples different combinations of parts of the image multiple times, and uses that data to construct the final image. The image quality is primarily determined by the number of times this sampling process is performed, but also by the algorithm used to reconstruct the final image. Both the hardware and software components used for the build are described in this paper. We also discuss the limitations of our prototype, and how it could be improved given better hardware components, and/or improved software.
Pattern Formation On a Negative Relation between Bacterial Taxis and Turing

—In this paper we introduce a bacteria-leukocyte model with bacteria chemotaxsis. We assume that bacteria develop a tactic defence mechanism as a response to Leukocyte phagocytosis. We explore the effect of this tactic motion on Turing space in two parameter spaces. A ﬁne tuning of bacterial chemotaxis shows a signiﬁcant effect on developing a non-uniform steady state.
Copying, the source of creativity

This paper argues that linguistic creativity – generating forms we have not experienced – requires one important operation, copying of an activated unit into the production plan under construction. Under this theory, learning what and when to copy is argued to be an important part of learning the grammar of a language. Recent experimental work suggests that this kind of learning proceeds in a general-to-specific direction and is based on observing pairs of morphologically related words.
Potts How Subjects Do Not Store and Retrieve Information About Ordered Relationshipsi

Subjects learned and answered questions about fouror six-term linear orderings (e.g., Tom is taller than Dick, who is taller than Sam, mho is taller than Pete). Such an ordering is comprised of some adjacent pairwise relations that are necessary to the establishment of the ordering (e.g., Tom is taller than Dick, Dick is taller than Sam), and some remote relations that are deducible (e.g., Tom is taller than Sam). Except for unusually fast responses to test sentences beginning with an end term, reaction time was a monotonic decreasing function of remoteness; the more remote the shorter the reaction time. This result contradicts several current models of how meaningful information is stored. First, it contranicts any model which argues that subjects do not store deducible information. Information pertaining to the deducible remote pairs is stored along with the information that was actually presented. Second, it contradicts any model which describes the form of the stored information in terms of inter-item associations. A model which can account for the result is presented. (Author)
Chapter 2 Computational Capacity-Based Codesign of Computer Systems

This paper proposes a fast, novel approach for the HW/SW codesign of computer systems based on a computational capacity model. System node bandwidths and bandwidths used by the SW load underlie three sets of linear equations: a model system representing a load running on a computer, a design equation and objective function with goals as inputs, and a capacity sensitivity equation. These are augmented with nonlinear techniques to analyze multirate HW nodes as well as to synthesize system nodes when codesign goals exceed feasible engineering HW choices. Solving the equations rapidly finds the optimal costs of a broad class of architectures for a given computational load. The performance of each component can be determined globally and for each computational phase. The ideas are developed theoretically and illustrated by numerical examples plus results produced by a prototype CAPE tool implementation.
Performance Comparison of Clustering Techniques

Data mining consists to extracting or “mining” information from large quantity of data. Clustering is one of the most significant research areas in the domain of data mining. Clustering signifies making groups of objects founded on their features where the objects of the same groups are similar and those belonging in different groups are not similar. This study reviews two Clustering Algorithms of the representative clustering techniques: K-modes and K-medoids algorithms. The two algorithms are experimented and evaluated on partitioning Y-STR data. All these algorithms are compared according to the following factors: certain number times of run, precision and recall. The global results show that K-mode clustering is better than the k-medoid in clustering Y-STR data.
An analysis of the relationship between central aortic and peripheral upper limb pressure waves in man.

Amplification of the pressure pulse between central and peripheral arteries renders pressure values in the upper limb an inaccurate measure of ascending aortic (AA) pressure. Accuracy could be improved by allowance for such amplification. Transfer functions (TF) for pressures between AA and brachial artery (BA):(BATF) and between AA and radial artery (RA):(RATF) were derived from high-fidelity pressure recordings obtained at cardiac catheterization in 14 patients under control conditions, and after sublingual nitroglycerine 0.3 mg. There was no significant difference in BATF under control conditions and with nitroglycerine; hence results were pooled. Control and nitroglycerine results were also pooled to obtain a single RATF. BATF and RATF moduli peaked at 5 Hz and 4 Hz, reaching 2.5 and 2.8 times the value at zero frequency respectively. Frequency-dependent changes in modulus and phase of BATF and RATF were attributable to wave travel and reflection in the upper limb. BATF and RATF were compared to published transfer functions and those derived from analysis of aortic and brachial or radial pressure waves in previous publications. Results were similar. Our BATF and RATF were used to synthesize AA pressure waves from published peripheral pulses. Correspondence was close, especially for systolic pressure which differed by 2.4 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SEM) mmHg, whereas recorded systolic pressure differed by 20.4 +/- 2.6 (mean +/- SEM) mmHg between central and peripheral sites. Results indicate that in adult humans a single generalized TF can be used with acceptable accuracy to determine central from peripheral pressure under different conditions. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stages and transitions in the development of tooth brushing skills in children of Mexican immigrant families: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES Compared with white children, the oral health of Latino children in the United States is much worse. One factor contributing to oral health is tooth brushing. Few studies have addressed the formation of the tooth brushing habit in children, and only one of them studied a Latino population. The purpose of this study is to explore the development of the tooth brushing habit in children of Mexican immigrant families and develop hypothesis based on its results. METHODS This is an exploratory qualitative study, with a case study design based on 20 in-depth interviews. Participants were Mexican immigrant mothers living in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, PA. Participants had at least one child six-years-old or younger. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative analysis procedures. RESULTS Four stages were identified in the tooth brushing learning process: initiation and entirely dependent tooth brushing, assisted tooth brushing, road to tooth brushing independence, and independent tooth brushing. Two factors influenced parents' teaching approaches: parents' perceptions of their child's achievement of physical, cognitive, and motor developmental milestones and parents' knowledge about oral hygiene. CONCLUSIONS We identified four distinct stages and found evidence to hypothesize that transitions from one stage to the next are triggered not by the age of the child but by parents' knowledge about oral hygiene and their perceptions of their child's achievement of physical, cognitive, and motor developmental milestones. Future quantitative research studies should be conducted to test this hypothesis in larger groups of Latinos as well as other ethnic groups.
Posets of Supersolvable Arrangements

We introduce a poset structure on the reduced galleries in a supersolvable arrangement of hyperplanes. In particular, for Coxeter groups of type A or B, we construct a poset of reduced words for the longest element whose Hasse diagram is the graph of reduced words. Using Rambau’s Suspension Lemma, we show that these posets are homotopy equivalent to spheres. We furthermore conjecture that its intervals are either homotopy equivalent to spheres or are contractible. One may view this as a analogue of a result of Edelman and Walker on the homotopy type of intervals of a poset of chambers of a hyperplane arrangement. Résumé. Nous introduisons une structure d’ensemble ordonné sur les galeries réduites dans un arrangement d’hyperplans supersolvable. En particulier, pour les groupes de Coxeter de type A ou B, nous construisons un ensemble ordonné de mots réduits pour l’élément le plus long dont le diagramme de Hasse est le graphe de mots réduits. En utilisant le lemme de suspension de Rambau, nous montrons que ces ensembles ordonnés sont homotopiquement équivalents a des sphères. Nous conjecturons en outre que ses intervalles sont soit homotopiquement équivalents a des sphères ou bien ils sont contractile. On peut considérer cela comme un analogue d’un résultat d’Edelman et Walker sur le type d’homotopie d’intervalles d’un ensemble ordonné des chambres d’un arrangement d’hyperplans.
Pathology and Pathogenesis of Radiation Bowel Disease : Histopathological Appraisal in the Clinical Setting

A crucial step in the proper management of a patient with any disease is the consideration of therapy risks against its benefits. In cancer patients, clinicians are faced with the task of weighing up the benefit of prolonged, and hopefully complication-free, survival following surgery and/or chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy versus the risks of treatmentrelated complications. Ionising radiation is the mainstay therapy for a host of solid malignancies of the rectum, prostate, and lower urological and female reproductive systems.
ect of small water retention structures on di ff usive CO 2 and CH 4 emissions along a highly impounded river

The impoundment of running waters through the construction of large dams is recognised as one of the most important factors determining the transport, transformation, and outgassing of carbon (C) in fluvial networks. However, the effects of small and very small water retention structures (SWRS) on the magnitude and spatiotemporal patterns of C emissions are still unknown, even though SWRS are the most common type of water retention structure causing river fragmentation worldwide. Here we evaluated and compared diffusive carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions from river sections impounded by SWRS and from their adjacent freeflowing sections along a highly impounded river. Emissions from impounded river sections (mean [SE] = 17.7 [2.8] and 0.67 [0.14] mmol m d, for CO2 and CH4, respectively) never exceeded those from their adjacent free-flowing river sections (230.6 [49.7] and 2.14 [0.54] mmol m d). We attribute this finding to the reduced turbulence in impounded river sections induced by SWRS compared to free-flowing river sections (i.e., physical driver). Likewise, the presence of SWRS favoured an increase of the concentration of CH4 in impounded waters, but this increase was not sufficient to cause a significant influence in the CH4 efflux from the downstream free-flowing river sections. By contrast, this influenced the larger-scale longitudinal patterns of dissolved CH4, which exhibited a clear shifting pattern along the study stretch, modulated by variables associated with the presence of SWRS, such as higher water residence times, higher sedimentation rates, and higher temperatures. Overall, our results show that the presence of SWRS can modify the concentrations of C gases in highly impounded rivers but exerts a minor influence on diffusive C emissions. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 2 June 2017 Accepted 11 January 2018