Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Actual Problems of Peatsoils Associated with Soil Acidity

Abstract: The research objective is to manage actual problems of peatsoils associated with soil acidity. The research has been conducted on peatsoils in river backswamps located in Subdistricts of East Pedamaran and Pedamaran, District of OKI South Sumatra. Soil sampling was taken in cultivated and uncultivated types of landuse; cultivated peatsoils consist of Site A (intercropping between oil palm and pineapple) and Site B (oil palm), uncultivated peatsoils are divided into Site C (peat forest), Site D (swamp bush) and Site E (swamp grass). The research resulted that actual problems of soil acidity is associated with base saturation, cations exchange capacity, soil organic matters and C/N ratio, balances of soil nutrients, and toxicity potency. The climatic condition and drought can accelerate the occurrence of actual problems of peatsoils associated with acidity peatsoils. Some ameliorant have been applied in order of importance in the fields, namely lime/dolomite, mineral soils, organic fertilizers, combustion ash, and volcanic ash. Application of ameliorant materials is capable to minimize the actual problems of peatsoils associated with soil acidity. Keywords: Managing, actual problems, peatsoils, acidity Abstrak (Indonesian) : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengelola masalah aktual tanah gambut yang terkait dengan keasaman tanah. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada tanah lebak gambut yang terletak di Kecamatan Pedamaran Timur dan Pedamaran, Kabupaten OKI Sumatera Selatan. Contoh tanah diambil berdasarkan jenis penggunaan lahan; untuk tanah gambut yang digarap dibagi menjadi Site A (tumpang sari antara kelapa sawit dan nanas) dan Site B (kelapa sawit), tanah gambut tidak digarap dibagi menjadi Site C (hutan gambut), Site D (rawa semak) dan Situs E (rumput rawa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masalah aktual keasaman tanah dikaitkan dengan kejenuhan basa, kapasitas kation tukar, bahan organik tanah dan C/N rasio, keseimbangan nutrisi tanah, dan potensi toksisitas. Kondisi iklim dan kekeringan dapat mempercepat terjadinya masalah aktual tanah gambut yang terkait dengan keasaman tanah. Amelioran yang telah diterapkan, yaitu kapur/dolomit, tanah mineral, pupuk organik, abu pembakaran, dan abu vulkanik. Bahan amelioran mampu meminimalkan masalah-masalah aktual tanah gambut yang terkait dengan keasaman tanah. Kata kunci: Mengelola, masalah aktual, tanah gambut, keasaman
Modeling artificial groundwater recharge and low-head hydroelectric production: A case study of southern Pakistan

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iv DEDICATION . v CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION . 1 1.1 Geographical location . 1 1.2 Topography and Geology . 2 1.3 Climate . 3 1.4 Design Philosophy and Master Plan of DCK . 3 1.6 Objectives . 7 CHAPTER 2.HYDROPOWER GENERATION . 9 2.
TRANSFORMER-BASED METHOD FOR SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MARTIAN SURFACE

Abstract. The last decade has witnessed a great advance in deep space exploration, such as the rover missions to Mars. Semantic information on the Martian surface is garnering more attention, for its ability to distinguish the surface landforms for rover traverse planning and facilitating 3D reconstruction. The state-of-the-art studies on semantic segmentation exclusively leveraged transformer-based methods, and the results have been verified to outperform the traditional convolutional neural networks. However, few datasets concerning the Martian surface have been generated, and the publicly available network models were all trained on the common Earth dataset. Constructing a pixel-wise semantic segmentation dataset requires lots of human labor, especially for training a large transformer network. Furthermore, the results of semantic segmentation were typically used for intuitive visualization but seldom exploited in the 3D reconstruction pipeline. To address these problems, this paper presents the following three contributions: (1) introducing an approach to generate a large dataset for Mars in a semi-automatic way; (2) development of a novel variant of transformer designed for multi-view semantic segmentation to improve the accuracy; (3) development of a semantic-aware dense image matching method for improved matching performances assisted with the semantic information. Experimental results using the dataset collected at the Zhurong landing site on Mars have shown superior performances of the proposed methods as compared with traditional methods.
A System Dynamics Approach to Technological Learning Impact for the Cost Estimation of Solar Photovoltaics

Technological learning curve models have been continuously used to estimate the cost development of solar photovoltaics (PV) for climate mitigation targets over time. They can integrate several technical sources that influence the learning process. Yet, the accurate and realistic learning curve that reflects the cost estimations of PV development is still challenging to determine. To address this question, we develop four hypothetical-alternative learning curve models by proposing different combinations of technological learning sources, including both local and global technological experience and knowledge stock. We specifically adopt the system dynamics approach to focus on the non-linear relationship and dynamic interaction between the cost development and technological learning source. By applying this approach to Chinese PV systems, the results reveal that the suitability and accuracy of learning curve models for cost estimation are dependent on the development stages of PV systems. At each stage, different models exhibit different levels of closure in cost estimation. Furthermore, our analysis underscores the critical role of incorporating global technical sources into learning curve models.
INVESTIGATING THE COMPLEMENTARY USE OF RADAR AND LIDAR FOR POSITIONING APPLICATIONS

Abstract. In the realm of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), accurate, reliable and uninterrupted positioning capabilities are vital to ensure successful operations. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technology, capable of providing a high-fidelity 3D representation of the surrounding environment, has enabled numerous odometry-based positioning algorithms. These algorithms utilize a registration process to estimate relative motion from two successive 3D scans. However, the accuracy of the registration process can be compromised by the presence of dynamic objects, leading to significant translational and rotational deviations. On the other hand, Radar technology provides spatial and speed information. However, it is limited by spatial sparsity and susceptibility to noise. In this paper, we propose combining the complementary LiDAR and Electronic Scanning Radar (ESR) measurements, along with onboard motion sensors for improved navigation performance in complex and dynamic environments. This is achieved by employing a radar-based filtering mechanism that refines the LiDAR’s point cloud mitigating the impact of dynamic objects. This results in a more robust registration process, which in turn enhances the LiDAR Inertial Odometry (LIO) solution. The proposed method was verified using real data collected from onboard motion sensors, a 3D LiDAR, and four ESRs from road tests conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Our approach achieved an improved average horizontal positioning and heading RMSE of 0.43 meters and 0.25 degrees, respectively, compared to the 0.66 meters and 0.39 degrees observed with the standalone LIO solution. Moreover, submeter-level and lane-level accuracies were enhanced to 95% and 100% of the time, respectively, up from 85.7% and 94.9%.
A Strategy for Tuning Electron–Phonon Coupling and Carrier Cooling in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Perovskites have been recognized as a class of promising materials for optoelectronic devices. We intentionally include excessive Cs+ cations in precursors in the synthesis of perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and investigate how the Cs+ cations influence the lattice strain in these perovskite nanocrystals. Upon light illumination, the lattice strain due to the addition of alkali metal Cs+ cations can be compensated by light–induced lattice expansion. When the Cs+ cation in precursors is about 10% excessive, the electron–phonon coupling strength can be reduced by about 70%, and the carrier cooling can be slowed down about 3.5 times in lead halide perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. This work reveals a new understanding of the role of Cs+ cations, which take the A–site in ABX3 perovskite and provide a new way to improve the performance of perovskites and their practical devices further.
A new Bayesian ridge estimator for logistic regression in the presence of multicollinearity

This research introduces the Bayesian schemes for estimating logistic regression parameters in the presence of multicollinearity. The Bayesian schemes involve the introduction of a prior together with the likelihood which resulted in the posterior distribution that is not tractable, hence the use of a numerical method i.e Gibbs sampler. Different levels of multicollinearity were chosen to be p = 0.80‚0.85‚0.90‚0.95‚0.99and 0.999to accommodate severe, very severe and nearly perfect state of multicollinearity with sample sizes taken as 10,20,30,50,100,200,300 and 500.Different ridge parameters k were introduced to remedy the effect of multicollinearity . The explanatory variables used were 3 and 7. Model estimation was carried out using Bayesian approach via the Gibbs sampler of Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation. The means square error MSE of Bayesian logistic regression estimation was compared with the frequentist methods of the estimation. The result shows a minimum mean square error with the Bayesian scheme compared to the frequentist method.
Three‐dimensional simulation of high‐frequency nonlinear internal wave dynamics in Cayuga Lake

Three-dimensional (3D) hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic versions of the MITgcm were applied to simulate the dynamics of the internal wave field (basin-scale seiches, nonlinear surges and high-frequency nonlinear internal waves, NLIWs) in Cayuga Lake, NY. The simulations were performed using up to 226 million computational cells with several horizontal grid resolutions, varying from 450 × 450 m to 22 × 22 m. Vertical grid spacing was not varied and ranged from 0.5 m to 2.95 m. The 22 × 22 m nonhydrostatic grid reproduced qualitatively the formation, propagation and shoaling of observed NLIWs using >10 grid points along the wavelength and a grid lepticity λ of O(1). This ensured, respectively, that the waves were not aliased and physical dispersion predominated over numerical dispersion. Using a sensitivity analysis, we generalize that correctly simulating NLIWs in real domains, using second-order discretization, requires grid resolutions that are an order of magnitude smaller than the wavelength and amplitude with λ ∼ 2; consistent with published work on idealized domains. Local gyre-like circulation was simulated, near mid-basin headlands, and transverse shoaling of NLIW packets on lateral boundaries was associated with topographic reflection and refraction, in agreement with published field observations from estuaries, which show NLIW propagation in long narrow quasi-2D systems (e.g., Finger Lakes, lochs, fjords, estuaries and straits) is fundamentally 3D. These results, therefore, help fill the gap in understanding and correctly modelling the multiscale 3D dynamics of NLIWs in complex natural systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) pest management in the era of next-generation sequencing: A review

Cotton, as a cash crop, has huge economic importance. The high prevalence of pests, illnesses, weed pressure, the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, salinity, soil degradation, and climate anomalies such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves all limit cotton output around the world. Strategies like integrated pest management are employed to control the pest population across major cotton-producing countries. This method is effective as it aids in pest management and saves farmers a significant amount of money on pesticide purchases. Biotechnological advances have led to the development of Bt crops, which underwent a series of modifications according to the needs of farmers. Pyramid Bt and the effectiveness of RNA interference technology have been highlighted here. Also advances in the field of genomics have helped us understand plant-pest interaction. The following review is an overview of advancements in the field of cotton pests’ management and the role of genomics and other bioinformatics approaches to better understand the effective management of pests with the least effect on the ecosystem. There is a rising need to develop methods to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aimed at sustainable development. Developments in the field of cotton research for SDGs have also been discussed here.
Surface defect detection of sawn timbers based on efficient multilevel feature integration

Surface defect detection of sawn timber is a critical task to ensure the quality of wooden products. Current methods have challenges in considering detection accuracy and speed simultaneously, due to the complexity of defects and the massive length of sawn timbers. Specifically, there are scale variation, large intraclass difference and high interclass similarity in the defects, which reduce the detection accuracy. To overcome these challenges, we propose an efficient multilevel-feature integration network (EMINet) based on YOLOv5s. To obtain discriminative features of defects, the cross fusion module (CFM) is proposed to fully integrate the multilevel features of backbone. In the CFM, the local information aggregation is designed to enrich the detailed information of high-level features, and the global information aggregation is designed to enhance the semantic information of low-level features. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed EMINet achieves better accuracy with fast speed compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Seroepidemiology of Human Tularemia—Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Seroprevalence Studies

Abstract Background Seroepidemiologic studies of human tularemia have been conducted throughout the northern hemisphere. The purposes of this study were (1) to provide an overview of Francisella tularensis seroprevalence data, and (2) to generate an estimate of the proportion of study participants whose infection remained subclinical. Methods We conducted a systematic review of F tularensis seroprevalence studies according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science covering the period from 1951 to 2023. Results The weighted pooled seroprevalence among 44 486 participants recruited in 52 studies was 3.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7–5.1). Reported seroprevalences ranged between 0.2% and 31.3%. Occupational activities associated with an increased likelihood of exposure (risk ratio, 3.51 [95% CI, 3.2–3.86]) and studies from North America versus Europe and Asia (4.53 [4.15–4.94]) were associated with significantly increased seropositive rates. Twenty-eight data sets (47%) reported clinical information on a total of 965 seropositive participants. The weighted pooled estimate for subclinical seropositivity was 84.4% (95% CI, 72.9%–991.7%). Studies from F tularensis type A areas (risk ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, .27–.51) and studies from sites where pulmonary tularemia prevailed (0.38 [.28–.51]) reported lower subclinical seropositivity rates than studies from type B areas and from areas of predominance of (ulcero)glandular or oropharyngeal tularemia, respectively. Conclusions Throughout the northern hemisphere, only a small proportion of study participants showed serologic evidence of exposure to F tularensis. Eight of 10 seropositive participants had no historical evidence of past clinical tularemia.
South-North trajectories and language repertoires

As a result of relatively affordable technologies of long-distance travel and communication, we live more than ever in an age of mobility and transnational fl ows ( Appadurai 1996 ). Never before have so many people been able to connect with so many people across such long distances, through physical travel or digital communication. So, twenty-fi rst century migrants are no longer just émigrés and immigrants but typically transmigrants, i.e., mobile persons going back and forth and sustaining multiple engagements and relationships between homelands and new homes. ‘The life a person lives as a migrant,’ however, Graw and Schielke (2012b , 10) note, ‘is often but half of his or her reality, and yet the other half remains often invisible to an outside observer, and often seems also less of a concern for national politics which, in turn, infl uences the distribution of research funding. ’ Whereas Vertovec (2010 ) may be right or wrong in stating that ‘more people are now moving from more places, through more places, to more places’ ( Czaika and de Haas 2014 argue against this), people are now evidently in a state of ‘involuntary immobility’, i.e., aspiring to migrate but practically incapable to do so ( Carling 2002 ). Flows of people, texts, and meanings across the globe and globalization and mobility have emerged as major themes in the study of language in society. Work on language and globalization generally points at the relativity of functions, meanings, and uses of language in the increasingly mobile, shifting, and intercultural contexts of daily interaction and encounters. It emphasizes change and fl uidity rather than stability and fi xity of language and communication, and sees globalization both as a cause of homogenization of language and culture and a source of diversifi cation of linguistic and cultural practices, i.e., as a two-way process that is simultaneously localizing the global and globalizing the local. But whereas sociolinguistics has recognized power and social class issues in human mobility, from asylum seekers and migrant workers to elite forms of tourism, the new sociolinguistics has perhaps insuffi ciently engaged with those that are excluded from these fl ows, with those that don’t travel well 5 South-North Trajectories and Language Repertoires
Antimode collapse generative adversarial networks

Abstract. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a class of techniques widely applied in image synthesis, recovery, compensation, and other related fields. We propose and introduce a novel, improved conditional model antimode collapse GANs (AMCGANs). Through a newly designed network architecture and optimizing strategy, the function of the class label information is moderately constrained and it no longer directly influences the discriminator, and hence the synthesized images belonging to the same classes will not be excessively concentrated due to the attraction of the same labels. Thus, the mode collapse problem, namely generating homogeneity, which always hinders image synthesization approaches can be effectively restrained. On the other hand, by sharing the feature extraction part and only updating its weights during the training of discriminator, AMCGANs achieves relatively efficient computing performance. In addition, it works well both for supervised and for semisupervised learning circumstances. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the Fashion-MNIST and CIFAR10 data sets to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Identification of Nuclear FMRP Isoform Iso6 Partners

A deficiency of FMRP, a canonical RNA-binding protein, causes the development of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), which is characterised by multiple phenotypes, including neurodevelopmental disorders, intellectual disability, and autism. Due to the alternative splicing of the encoding FMR1 gene, multiple FMRP isoforms are produced consisting of full-length predominantly cytoplasmic (i.e., iso1) isoforms involved in translation and truncated nuclear (i.e., iso6) isoforms with orphan functions. However, we recently implicated nuclear FMRP isoforms in DNA damage response, showing that they negatively regulate the accumulation of anaphase DNA genomic instability bridges. This finding provided evidence that the cytoplasmic and nuclear functions of FMRP are uncoupled played by respective cytoplasmic and nuclear isoforms, potentially involving specific interactions. While interaction partners of cytoplasmic FMRP have been reported, the identity of nuclear FMRP isoform partners remains to be established. Using affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry, we mapped the nuclear interactome of the FMRP isoform iso6 in U2OS. In doing so, we found FMRP nuclear interaction partners to be involved in RNA processing, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, DNA replication and damage response, chromatin remodeling and chromosome segregation. By comparing interactions between nuclear iso6 and cytoplasmic iso1, we report a set of partners that bind specifically to the nuclear isoforms, mainly proteins involved in DNA-associated processes and proteasomal proteins, which is consistent with our finding that proteasome targets the nuclear FMRP iso6. The specific interactions with the nuclear isoform 6 are regulated by replication stress, while those with the cytoplasmic isoform 1 are largely insensitive to such stress, further supporting a specific role of nuclear isoforms in DNA damage response induced by replicative stress, potentially regulated by the proteasome.
The Role of Late Presenters in HIV-1 Transmission Clusters in Europe

Background: Investigating the role of late presenters (LPs) in HIV-1 transmission is important, as they can contribute to the onward spread of HIV-1 virus before diagnosis, when they are not aware of their HIV status. Objective: To characterize individuals living with HIV-1 followed up in Europe infected with subtypes A, B, and G and to compare transmission clusters (TC) in LP vs. non-late presenter (NLP) populations. Methods: Information from a convenience sample of 2679 individuals living with HIV-1 was collected from the EuResist Integrated Database between 2008 and 2019. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenies were constructed using FastTree. Transmission clusters were identified using Cluster Picker. Statistical analyses were performed using R. Results: 2437 (91.0%) sequences were from subtype B, 168 (6.3%) from subtype A, and 74 (2.8%) from subtype G. The median age was 39 y/o (IQR: 31.0–47.0) and 85.2% of individuals were males. The main transmission route was via homosexual (MSM) contact (60.1%) and 85.0% originated from Western Europe. In total, 54.7% of individuals were classified as LPs and 41.7% of individuals were inside TCs. In subtype A, individuals in TCs were more frequently males and natives with a recent infection. For subtype B, individuals in TCs were more frequently individuals with MSM transmission route and with a recent infection. For subtype G, individuals in TCs were those with a recent infection. When analyzing cluster size, we found that LPs more frequently belonged to small clusters (<8 individuals), particularly dual clusters (2 individuals). Conclusion: LP individuals are more present either outside or in small clusters, indicating a limited role of late presentation to HIV-1 transmission.