Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards an integration of the cooperative design context in collaborative tools

In a design project, the actors cooperate to achieve a same objective, which can be the production of a document, a manufactured product, a plane or a building. The role of a cooperative project management tool is to offer each actor not only a good vision of the project development but also the extent of his action potential. The cooperation context of a design project is a relational organization where each actor keeps up specific relations with other people (designers, project managers, etc.) but also with documents and activities. This organization has to be represented in the project management tool to give each user an adaptive vision of the project organization and development. We propose a representation and a visualization of such a context, which characterizes each design project.
The AmbieSense Multi-Agent System , Architecture Report WP 6 Intelligent Agents for Context-Sensitive Services

This document is the 8 deliverable of the AmbieSense project. It describes the architecture for the AmbieSense Multi-Agent System. Software agents can be described as computer programs that behave goal-oriented in an autonomous manner. Multi-Agent systems are environments, where multiple software agents interact in order to execute complex tasks for the user. In the AmbieSense project, a multi-agent system is used in order to create an infrastructure for the context-aware delivery of relevant content to mobile users. This document describes the agent framework and the enabling technologies used in the multi-agent system in order to achieve this task. It describes the inner architecture of the AmbieSense agency and how it can be integrated with the AmbieSense Content Provision Services. REPORT STATUS
A Comparative Longitudinal Approach to Acculturation among Children from Immigrant Families

In this article, Andrew Fuligni notes that, within the field of immigration, the process of acculturation has not been studied as a process of individual change over time. Instead, it has often been inferred from cross-sectional studies examining individual and group differences in adjustment. Fuligni argues that the limitations of traditional cross-sectional designs create a need for studies of acculturation that track the same immigrant children as they encounter and negotiate the potential differences between their own cultural traditions and those of the host society. He suggests an approach for studying acculturation that follows children from different generations across time and throughout their development. This comparative longitudinal approach allows investigators to isolate acculturative change from shifts that would have occurred through the course of the children’s development had they not immigrated. Acculturation can also be examined in terms of both the level and the developmental progression across different aspects of adjustment. This approach allows investigators to use various quantitative and qualitative methods to explore variations within and between immigrants in order to better identify and understand acculturation or acculturative change. Children have figured prominently in the dramatic rise in international migration over the past few decades. In the United States, the number of children with immigrant parents reached 13.8 million in 1997, representing almost one-fifth of American children (Rumbaut, 1998). These trends are perhaps nowhere more apparent than among people from Latin America and Asia, who account for the majority of the foreign-born population in the United States (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1997). It has been estimated that
Clicking in a Killer Whale Habitat: Narrow-Band, High-Frequency Biosonar Clicks of Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and Dall’s Porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli)

Odontocetes produce a range of different echolocation clicks but four groups in different families have converged on producing the same stereotyped narrow band high frequency (NBHF) click. In microchiropteran bats, sympatric species have evolved the use of different acoustic niches and subtly different echolocation signals to avoid competition among species. In this study, we examined whether similar adaptations are at play among sympatric porpoise species that use NBHF echolocation clicks. We used a six-element hydrophone array to record harbour and Dall’s porpoises in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and harbour porpoises in Denmark. The click source properties of all porpoise groups were remarkably similar and had an average directivity index of 25 dB. Yet there was a small, but consistent and significant 4 kHz difference in centroid frequency between sympatric Dall’s (137±3 kHz) and Canadian harbour porpoises (141±2 kHz). Danish harbour porpoise clicks (136±3 kHz) were more similar to Dall’s porpoise than to their conspecifics in Canada. We suggest that the spectral differences in echolocation clicks between the sympatric porpoises are consistent with evolution of a prezygotic isolating barrier (i.e., character displacement) to avoid hybridization of sympatric species. In practical terms, these spectral differences have immediate application to passive acoustic monitoring.
Contamination of a specific-pathogen-free rat breeding colony with Human parainfluenzavirus type 3.

Routine antibody surveillance for Sendai virus in a breeding colony suggested viral invasion into laboratory rats. A more specific haemagglutination-inhibition test implied that the agent was related closely to Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV3), rather than Sendai virus. To isolate this virus, Vero cells were inoculated with lung homogenates of 30 young animals from the colony. One of the cultures became positive at the second passage by RT-PCR directed to the hPIV3 NP and L genes. Cytopathic effect with cell fusion was observed at the third passage. The HN gene of this virus (KK24) had >93 % similarity to those of other hPIV3 isolates, suggesting a human origin of KK24. Experimental intranasal inoculation of KK24 into SD rats showed virus replication in the lungs at 3-5 days post-infection (p.i.). Pathological examination of the lungs at day 5 p.i. indicated a moderate detachment, degradation and apoptosis of bronchial epitheliocytes with peribronchial mononuclear infiltrations. At day 7 p.i. , these changes became less prominent, and no lesions were apparent at day 10 p.i. or later. The infected rats seroconverted at day 7 p.i. On the contrary, none of the 30 experimentally infected ICR mice showed any pathological lesions in their lungs, despite seroconversion at 7 days p.i. These results suggest that hPIV3 can invade rat colonies and has a moderate and transient pathogenicity in rats. This is the first report of non-experimental hPIV3 infection in laboratory rats, unexpectedly detected by antibody screening for Sendai virus.
KŪRYBIŠKUMO SKATINIMAS PER ŽAIDYBINIMĄ PAGAL ŽAIDĖJŲ TIPUS

Tikslas – isnagrinėti žaidybinimo taikymo teorines prielaidas skatinant individualų bei kolektyvinį kūrybiskumą atsižvelgiant į žaidėjų tipus. Metodologija – remiantis literatūros lyginamąja analize nagrinėjami autorių darbai, atskleidžiantys žaidybinimą kaip metodą, bei kūrybiskumą, kaip fenomeną. Lyginamosios analizės tikslas – atrasti žaidybinimo taikymo prielaidas įvairaus kūrybiskumo formų skatinimui bei isnagrinėti žaidėjų tipologijas, pritaikant joms žaidimų mechanikos elementus. Rezultatai – straipsnyje pateikiamos žaidybinimo taikymo prielaidos, nagrinėjamas sąrysis tarp įsitraukimo, panirimo ir tėkmės būsenų. Aiskinamas tėkmės būsenos vaidmuo pleciant ekspertinių žinių baze, nagrinėjamos žaidėjų tipologijos, pagal kurias aprasoma žingsnių seka, nurodanti žaidybinimo mechanikos elementų taikymo gaires kūrybiniame procese. Pateikiamos rekomendacijos tolesniems moksliniams tyrimams. Tyrimo ribotumas – nėra empirinių tyrimų, patvirtinancių tėkmės būsenos sąrysį su padidintu kūrybiniu produktyvumu. Ne visos žaidėjų skirstymo tipologijos grįstos empiriniais faktais. Praktinė reiksmė – žaidybinimo praktinis taikymas skatinant kūrybiskumą leistų padidinti nestandartinių problemų sprendimo potencialą taikant isorinius sužadinimo veiksnius, dėl kurių daugiau laiko praleidžiama atliekant kūrybines užduotis. Taikant žaidimo mechanikos elementus priklausomai nuo asmenybės / žaidėjo tipo galima padidinti jo motyvaciją užsiimti kūrybine veikla. Vertingumas – kūrybinis mąstymas yra vertinama savybė įvairiose veiklos srityse. Informacinėms technologijoms keiciant socialine aplinką bei darbo pobūdį vis didesne reiksme įgauna gebėjimas netradiciskai spresti problemas pasitelkiant kūrybinius gebėjimus. Žaidybinimas gali pasitarnauti kaip priemonė, padedanti skatinti kūrybiskumą pasitelkiant isorinius bei vidinius stimulus pagal žaidėjo tipą bei didinant įsitraukimą į individualią bei kolektyvine kūrybine veiklą. Tyrimo tipas – bendroji apžvalga.
SNP-SNP Interactions Discovered by Logic Regression Explain Crohn's Disease Genetics

In genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the association between each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and a phenotype is assessed statistically. To further explore genetic associations in GWAS, we considered two specific forms of biologically plausible SNP-SNP interactions, ‘SNP intersection’ and ‘SNP union,’ and analyzed the Crohn's Disease (CD) GWAS data of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium for these interactions using a limited form of logic regression. We found strong evidence of CD-association for 195 genes, identifying novel susceptibility genes (e.g., ISX, SLCO6A1, TMEM183A) as well as confirming many previously identified susceptibility genes in CD GWAS (e.g., IL23R, NOD2, CYLD, NKX2-3, IL12RB2, ATG16L1). Notably, 37 of the 59 chromosomal locations indicated for CD-association by a meta-analysis of CD GWAS, involving over 22,000 cases and 29,000 controls, were represented in the 195 genes, as well as some chromosomal locations previously indicated only in linkage studies, but not in GWAS. We repeated the analysis with two smaller GWASs from the Database of Genotype and Phenotype (dbGaP): in spite of differences of populations and study power across the three datasets, we observed some consistencies across the three datasets. Notable examples included TMEM183A and SLCO6A1 which exhibited strong evidence consistently in our WTCCC and both of the dbGaP SNP-SNP interaction analyses. Examining these specific forms of SNP interactions could identify additional genetic associations from GWAS. R codes, data examples, and a ReadMe file are available for download from our website: http://www.ualberta. ca/~yyasui/homepage.html.
Epidemiological characteristics of human herpesvirus‐8 infection in a large population of antenatal women in Zambia

Comprehensive data describing epidemiological characteristics of the human herpesvirus‐8 or Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (HHV‐8 or KSHV) infection among pregnant women in a central sub‐Saharan Africa are not available. This study determined virus prevalence estimates and the risk factors associated with HHV‐8 infection. Cross‐sectional, enrollment visit data were analyzed from a prospective cohort study of perinatal transmission of HHV‐8 in Lusaka, Zambia. Exposure data were obtained via structured interview, physical examination, medical chart review, and laboratory testing. Among 3,160 antenatal women serologically screened for HHV‐8 between September 1998 and October 2000, 40.2% were seropositive. The HHV‐8 positive women were more likely to be co‐infected with HIV‐1 than those who were HHV‐8 negative (34% vs. 26%; P < 0.0001). Of 154 variables evaluated by logistic regression analyses, only three risk factors, have emerged as independent predictors of HHV‐8 positive serology: diagnosis of genital warts, HIV‐1 co‐infection and primary education. The association of HHV‐8 infection with genital warts and HIV‐1 co‐infection suggests heterosexual transmission of HHV‐8. HIV‐1 infection may also act as a marker for particular behaviors, which could be sexual in nature, that are associated with both HIV‐1 and HHV‐8 transmission. Since HHV‐8 facilitates development of AIDS‐related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the results of this study could be utilized to identify specific population groups of pregnant women who are at increased risk for this disease. J. Med. Virol. 75:93–100, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of epidural administration of lidocaine , fentanyl and their combination on the minimum alveolar concentration of halothane in dogs

The efficacy of lidocaine, fentanyl, combination of both (2 mg/kg of lidocaine, along with fentanyl in the dose of 0.005 mg/kg) and saline (as a control) administered epidurally to 40 healthy dogs was under investigation, regarding their influence on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane. Basic vital parameters, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen and end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 were recorded. Minimum alveolar concentration of halothane a�er administration of lidocaine (0.75 ± 0.24%), or the lidocaine/fentanyl combination (0.43 ± 0.08%) was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) compare to control group (1.15 ± 0.20%). However, we have not found significant difference in the group given fentanyl alone (0.95 ± 0.35%) compare to control group. Mutual relationship between epidurally given lidocaine and fentanyl (same route of administration) can be called as simply additive. There were no significant deviations in basic parameters within groups. We conclude that epidural administration of combination of these drugs we are able to reduce the dose of general anesthetics, which is important in management of critically ill patients.
Ask and Ye Shall Receive? The Dynamics of Employer‐Provided Flexible Work Options and the Need for Public Policy

This article addresses two fundamental questions about flexible scheduling: Do managers use ascriptive information in deciding which requests for flexible work scheduling to grant among employees? And, do employees comprehend this managerial bias in deciding whether to ask for flexible work arrangements? Study 1 found that managers were most likely to grant flextime to high-status men seeking flexible schedules in order to advance their careers. In contrast, flexible scheduling requests from women were unlikely to be granted irrespective of their job status or reason. In Study 2, we found that employees were unaware of these managerial biases: women assigned high-status jobs and requests for career advancement reasons were the most likely to think their requests would be granted, while men in the same scenarios were least likely to believe this. Organizational and policy implications are discussed.
A longitudinal study of masters swimmers' commitment

The Sport Commitment Model (SCM; Scanlan et al., 2003) is a framework for understanding the determinants of commitment to sport participation. Using a modified version of the SCM (Wilson et al., 2004), a longitudinal survey of 190 international-level Masters swimmers (91 m, 99 f;M age = 51.9 yrs; range = 26–80) was conducted on two occasions, one year apart. In Analysis 1, groups were designated based on change scores for determinant constructs over the year. A series of repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant interactive effects between determinant groups and time for functional commitment (FC), but not for obligatory commitment (OC). Post-hoc paired sample t-tests showed that groups increasing in enjoyment and satisfaction, personal investment, and involvement opportunities had increased FC, while groups decreasing in enjoyment and satisfaction had decreased FC (all ps < .01). In Analysis 2, simultaneous multiple regression analyses indicated that changes in FC (R2 = .34, p < .001) were significantly predicted by changes in enjoyment and satisfaction (? = .46) and personal investment (.22), while changes in OC (R2 = .18, p < .001) were significantly predicted by personal investment (.26) and involvement alternatives (.17) and inversely predicted by social support (-.27) (all ps < .05). Results provide support for the efficacy of the SCM in contributing to an understanding of the dynamic nature of sport commitment.Acknowledgments: This research was supported by a SSHRC-Sport Canada Strategic Initiative Grant.
Lipid‐based nanoparticles for contrast‐enhanced MRI and molecular imaging

In the field of MR imaging and especially in the emerging field of cellular and molecular MR imaging, flexible strategies to synthesize contrast agents that can be manipulated in terms of size and composition and that can be easily conjugated with targeting ligands are required. Furthermore, the relaxivity of the contrast agents, especially for molecular imaging applications, should be very high to deal with the low sensitivity of MRI. Lipid‐based nanoparticles, such as liposomes or micelles, have been used extensively in recent decades as drug carrier vehicles. A relatively new and promising application of lipidic nanoparticles is their use as multimodal MR contrast agents. Lipids are amphiphilic molecules with both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic part, which spontaneously assemble into aggregates in an aqueous environment. In these aggregates, the amphiphiles are arranged such that the hydrophobic parts cluster together and the hydrophilic parts face the water. In the low concentration regime, a wide variety of structures can be formed, ranging from spherical micelles to disks or liposomes. Furthermore, a monolayer of lipids can serve as a shell to enclose a hydrophobic core. Hydrophobic iron oxide particles, quantum dots or perfluorocarbon emulsions can be solubilized using this approach. MR‐detectable and fluorescent amphiphilic molecules can easily be incorporated in lipidic nanoparticles. Furthermore, targeting ligands can be conjugated to lipidic particles by incorporating lipids with a functional moiety to allow a specific interaction with molecular markers and to achieve accumulation of the particles at disease sites. In this review, an overview of different lipidic nanoparticles for use in MRI is given, with the main emphasis on Gd–based contrast agents. The mechanisms of particle formation, conjugation strategies and applications in the field of contrast‐enhanced, cellular and molecular MRI are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stochastic spatial decision support system based on PROMETHEE

PROMETHEE is a well known multicriteria decision support method which gives insight into the preference structure of a whole set of alternatives. The retrieved preference information is used to give the partial or complete preorder of the available alternatives which makes PROMETHEE a well suited decision support tool if a ranking of available alternatives is desired. A relatively low degree of mathematical complexity makes PROMETHEE an attractive method for all non experts involved in a decision process. This paper discusses the integration of PROMETHEE in a GIS. It will be shown how the combination of a sophisticated decision support methodology with powerful spatial analysis and visualisation capabilities can be applied to evaluating decision alternatives that are made up of regular or irregular shaped zones of raster cells. Deterministic as well as stochastic PROMETHEE approaches are considered and general recommendations on the use of stochastic simulation methods are given. Moreover, a framework is presented which facilitates the application of the proposed approaches.
Slavery, Contested Heritage and Thanatourism

Summary This article introduces a collection of eight revised papers that focus on the connection between slavery and tourism. After tracing the history of the former from its origins to the present day, and after providing some examples of related attractions, it confronts a number of dilemmas associated with their juxtaposition. A brief overview of the contributions to the volume is supplied, along with some epistemological and methodological concerns that they raise. Slavery tourism is finally contextualized within a framework of thanatourism, dark tourism and dissonant heritage, a field which in turn poses several questions for further research into this new and exciting phenomenon.
Object/relational mapping 2008: hibernate and the entity data model (edm)

Object/Relational Mapping (ORM) provides a methodology and mechanism for object-oriented systems to hold their long-term data safely in a database, with transactional control over it, yet have it expressed when needed in program objects. Instead of bundles of special code for this, ORM encourages models and use of constraints for the application, which then runs in a context set up by the ORM. Today's web applications are particularly well-suited to this approach, as they are necessarily multithreaded and thus are prone to race conditions unless the interaction with the database is very carefully implemented. The ORM approach was first realized in Hibernate, an open source project for Java systems started in 2002, and this year is joined by Microsoft's Entity Data Model for . NET systems. Both are described here.
From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development

How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise. " The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Variation in Teacher Preparation

Does teacher education influence what teachers feel prepared to do when they enter the classroom? Are there differences in teachers’experiences of classroom teaching when they enter through different programs and pathways? This study examines data from a 1998 survey of nearly 3000 beginning teachers in New York City regarding their views of their preparation for teaching, their beliefs and practice, and their plans to remain in teaching. The findings indicate that teachers who were prepared in teacher education programs felt significantly better prepared across most dimensions of teaching than those who entered teaching through alternative programs or without preparation. Teachers’views of their preparation varied across individual programs, with some programs graduating teachers who felt markedly better prepared. Finally, the extent to which teachers felt well prepared when they entered teaching was significantly correlated with their sense of teaching efficacy, their sense of responsibility for student learning, and their plans to remain in teaching.