Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced bioavailability and pharmacokinetics parameters of Enalapril solid self nanoemulsifying oral dispersible tablet: formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Abstract Enalapril (EN) is an antihypertensive drug that is sparingly soluble in water with limited oral bioavailability. Successfully prepared self-nanoemulsifying systems (SNES) loaded with EN were developed. The solubility of EN in different oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants was tested. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were developed, and various SNES formulations were prepared and evaluated regarding content uniformity, emulsification time, droplet size (DS), and zeta potential (ZP). The selected system was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Systems (SSNES) were formulated using Avicel® PH101 carrier and Aerosil® 200 adsorbent to form a free-flowing powder. The powder was formulated as an oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) using superdisintegrants and tested for physicochemical properties and stability. Finally, an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers was carried out. The composition of the selected SNES was 10% Labrafil®, 60% Tween 80, and 30% Transcutol® HP. It developed with an emulsification time of 21 sec, DP range of 60.16 nm, ZP of 1.17 mV, and spherical-shaped globules. The accelerated stability testing proved that there was no significant difference in physical properties after storage for 3 months. The percentage of relative bioavailability for formula F2 was 112.04%. The results of this study proved that the prepared EN-SSNES ODT represents a novel formulation alternative to the currently marketed tablet.
eConnect: implementation and preliminary evaluation of a virtually delivered attachment-based parenting intervention during COVID-19

ABSTRACT Connect, an attachment-based and trauma-informed parenting group intervention, has been demonstrated to improve adolescent mental health, parental wellbeing, and family functioning. We report on the online adaptation and delivery of Connect (eConnect) and pre-post treatment changes in parent, family and youth functioning in a clinical sample (N= 190) of parents of youth with serious mental health challenges. Consistent with research evaluating in-person Connect, parents reported significant reductions in youth internalizing and externalizing problems, attachment anxiety and avoidance, and aggression toward parents. Parents also reported significant reductions in caregiver strain and aggression toward their child. Unlike prior research, parent depressed mood did not decline, perhaps due to pandemic stressors. Program completion was remarkably high (84.7%), and parents reported high program satisfaction. Uptake by eConnect program facilitators and host agencies was extremely positive, suggesting good potential for sustainability and broadened program accessibility. Randomized clinical trials and implementation within diverse populations are needed.
Randomised controlled trials of antihypertensive therapy: does exclusion of orthostatic hypotension alter treatment effect? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background and purpose Management of antihypertensive therapy is challenging in patients with symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, a population often excluded from randomised controlled trials of antihypertensive therapy. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought to determine whether the association of antihypertensive therapy and adverse events (e.g. falls, syncope), differed among trials that included or excluded patients with orthostatic hypotension. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing blood pressure lowering medications to placebo, or different blood pressure targets on falls or syncope outcomes and cardiovascular events. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate a pooled treatment-effect overall in subgroups of trials that excluded patients with orthostatic hypotension and trials that did not exclude patients with orthostatic hypotension, and tested P for interaction. The primary outcome was fall events. Results 46 trials were included, of which 18 trials excluded orthostatic hypotension and 28 trials did not. The incidence of hypotension was significantly lower in trials that excluded participants with orthostatic hypotension (1.3% versus 6.2%, P < 0.001) but not incidences of falls (4.8% versus 8.8%; P = 0.40) or syncope (1.5% versus 1.8%; P = 0.67). Antihypertensive therapy was not associated with an increased risk of falls in trials that excluded (OR 1.00, 95% CI; 0.89–1.13) or included (OR 1.02, 95% CI; 0.88–1.18) participants with orthostatic hypotension (P for interaction = 0.90). Conclusions The exclusion of patients with orthostatic hypotension does not appear to affect the relative risk estimates for falls and syncope in antihypertensive trials.
Anti-aliasing in image recording and display hardware: lessons from nature

If images are undersampled during electronic recording and reproduction, regular patterns in the image may form interference patterns—aliases—with the mosaic of picture elements (pixels). Aliasing distorts visual information and is a serious technical problem. In a variety of animal eyes, images are also undersampled such that aliasing may occur. Nature’s measures to reduce aliasing include (i) mosaics of photosensitive cells (pixels in technical applications) that include many spatial frequencies and are different in geometry for the basic colours red, green, and blue, (ii) electrical coupling between cells of different spectral sensitivities, and (iii) overlap between the spectral sensitivities of different cell types. Computer simulated renderings of images show that the measures are effective. Technical implementation seems to be possible in a variety of applications, such as cameras, television sets, scanners, monitors, data projectors, and digital photocopying machines.
Parameter identification for joint elements in a revolute-joint detector manipulator

A revolute-joint robot is being developed for the spatial positioning of an x-ray detector at the Advanced Photon Source. Commercially available revolute-joint manipulators do not meet our size, positioning, or payload specifications. One idea being considered is the modification of a commercially available robot, with the goal of improving the repeatability and trajectory accuracy. Theoretical, computational, and experimental procedures are being used to (1) identify, (2) simulate the dynamics of an existing robot system using a multibody approach, and eventually (3) design an improved version, with low dynamic positioning uncertainty. A key aspect of the modeling and performance prediction is accurate stiffness and damping values for the robot joints. This paper discusses the experimental identification of the stiffness and damping parameters for one robot harmonic drive joint.
Strengthening HIV and HIV co‐morbidity care in low‐ and middle‐income countries: insights from behavioural economics to improve healthcare worker behaviour

Despite advances in HIV and HIV co‐morbidity service delivery, substantial challenges remain in translating evidence‐based interventions into routine practice to bring optimal care and prevention to all populations. While barriers to successful implementation are often multifactorial, healthcare worker behaviour is critical for on‐the‐ground and in‐clinic service delivery. Implementation science offers a systematic approach to understanding service delivery, including approaches to overcoming delivery gaps. Behavioural economics is a field that seeks to understand when and how behaviour deviates from traditional models of decision‐making, deviations which are described as biases. Clinical policies and implementation strategies that incorporate an understanding of behavioural economics can add to implementation science approaches and play an important role in bridging the gap between healthcare worker knowledge and service delivery.
A novel machine-learning tool to identify community risk for firearm violence: The Firearm Violence Vulnerability Index

The Firearm Violence Vulnerability Index (FVVI) is a novel machine-learning tool to predict shooting incidents based on population characteristics. FVVI can fill gaps in firearm assault data, while also helping to inform prevention strategies. #FirearmViolence #InjuryPrevention BACKGROUND Firearm violence in the United States is a public health crisis, but accessing accurate firearm assault data to inform prevention strategies is a challenge. Vulnerability indices have been used in other fields to better characterize and identify at-risk populations during crises, but no tool currently exists to predict where rates of firearm violence are highest. We sought to develop and validate a novel machine-learning algorithm, the Firearm Violence Vulnerability Index (FVVI), to forecast community risk for shooting incidents, fill data gaps, and enhance prevention efforts. METHODS Open-access 2015 to 2022 fatal and nonfatal shooting incident data from Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Los Angeles, New York City, Philadelphia, and Rochester were merged on census tract with 30 population characteristics derived from the 2020 American Community Survey. The data set was split into training (80%) and validation (20%) sets; Chicago data were withheld for an unseen test set. XGBoost, a decision tree-based machine-learning algorithm, was used to construct the FVVI model, which predicts shooting incident rates within urban census tracts. RESULTS A total of 64,909 shooting incidents in 3,962 census tracts were used to build the model; 14,898 shooting incidents in 766 census tracts were in the test set. Historical third grade math scores and having a parent jailed during childhood were population characteristics exhibiting the greatest impact on FVVI’s decision making. The model had strong predictive power in the test set, with a goodness of fit (D2) of 0.77. CONCLUSION The Firearm Violence Vulnerability Index accurately predicts firearm violence in urban communities at a granular geographic level based solely on population characteristics. The Firearm Violence Vulnerability Index can fill gaps in currently available firearm violence data while helping to geographically target and identify social or environmental areas of focus for prevention programs. Dissemination of this standardized risk tool could also enhance firearm violence research and resource allocation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Structural origin for the local strong anisotropy in melt-spun Fe-Ga-Tb: Tetragonal nanoparticles

Soluting rare earth atoms Tb or Dy into body centered cubic (BCC) Fe-Ga through rapid cooling significantly enhances the magnetostriction due to strong localized magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Origin of the local strong anisotropy, however, awaits comprehensive microstructural investigation. In this letter, formation of tetragonal nanoparticles with c/a ∼ 0.979 has been found in the giant magnetostrictive ribbons Fe82.89Ga16. 88Tb0.23 due to local symmetry breaking of the BCC lattice using high resolution transmission electronic microscopy. First principal calculations suggest that random replacement of Tb atoms for Fe or Ga in the ordered DO3 superlattice is beneficial in the formation of such tetragonal symmetry. Exchange couplings between the nearest Tb-Fe or Tb-Tb pairs of the tetragonal nanoparticles might generate strong localized magnetocrystalline anisotropy, leading to extraordinary magnetostriction enhancement.
Pathological variants in TOP3A cause distinct disorders of mitochondrial and nuclear genome stability

Topoisomerase 3α (TOP3A) is an enzyme that removes torsional strain and interlinks between DNA molecules. TOP3A localises to both the nucleus and mitochondria, with the two isoforms playing specialised roles in DNA recombination and replication respectively. Pathogenic variants in TOP3A can cause a disorder similar to Bloom syndrome, which results from bi‐allelic pathogenic variants in BLM, encoding a nuclear‐binding partner of TOP3A. In this work, we describe 11 individuals from 9 families with an adult‐onset mitochondrial disease resulting from bi‐allelic TOP3A gene variants. The majority of patients have a consistent clinical phenotype characterised by bilateral ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, myopathy and axonal sensory‐motor neuropathy. We present a comprehensive characterisation of the effect of TOP3A variants, from individuals with mitochondrial disease and Bloom‐like syndrome, upon mtDNA maintenance and different aspects of enzyme function. Based on these results, we suggest a model whereby the overall severity of the TOP3A catalytic defect determines the clinical outcome, with milder variants causing adult‐onset mitochondrial disease and more severe variants causing a Bloom‐like syndrome with mitochondrial dysfunction in childhood.
Nanoparticle scattering for multijunction solar cells

We investigate the integration of Al nanoparticle arrays into the anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) of commercial triple-junction GaInP/ In0.01GaAs /Ge space solar cells, and study their effect on the radiation-hardness. It is postulated that the presence of nanoparticle arrays can improve the radiation-hardness of space solar cells by scattering incident photons obliquely into the device, causing charger carriers to be photogenerated closer to the junction, and hence improving the carrier collection efficiency in the irradiation-damaged subcells. The Al nanoparticle arrays were successfully embedded in the ARCs, over large areas, using nanoimprint lithography: a replication technique with the potential for high throughput and low cost. Irradiation testing showed that the presence of the nanoparticles did not improve the radiation-hardness of the solar cells, so the investigated structure has proven not to be ideal in this context. Nonetheless, this paper reports on the details and results of the nanofabrication to inform about future integration of alternative light-scattering structures into multi-junction solar cells or other optoelectronic devices.
Diversity of Monochaetia Species from Fagaceous Leaf Spots in China and Pathogenicity for Chinese Chestnut

Monochaetia is a pestalotioid genus, with members that are commonly known as leaf pathogens or saprobes; some strains were isolated from air, in which case their natural substrate is so far unknown. Fagaceae represents an ecologically and economically important plant family that is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, including an important tree crop species, Castanea mollissima, which is widely cultivated in China. In the present study, diseased leaves of Fagaceae in China were investigated, and five new Monochaetia species were introduced based on morphology and phylogeny of combined ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 loci. ABSTRACT Pestalotioid fungi have been frequently studied with respect to their morphology, molecular phylogeny, and pathogenicity. Monochaetia is a pestalotioid genus that is morphologically characterized by 5-celled conidia with single apical and basal appendages. In the present study, fungal isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of Fagaceae hosts in China in 2016 to 2021 and identified based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA gene with the two flanking internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) region, the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) gene, and the β-tubulin (tub2) gene. As a result, five new species are proposed here, namely, Monochaetia hanzhongensis, Monochaetia lithocarpi, Monochaetia lithocarpicola, Monochaetia quercicola, and Monochaetia shaanxiensis. In addition, pathogenicity tests for these five species and Monochaetia castaneae from Castanea mollissima were conducted with detached leaves of Chinese chestnut. Results demonstrated that only M. castaneae successfully infected the host C. mollissima and caused brown lesions. IMPORTANCE Monochaetia is a pestalotioid genus, with members that are commonly known as leaf pathogens or saprobes; some strains were isolated from air, in which case their natural substrate is so far unknown. Fagaceae represents an ecologically and economically important plant family that is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, including an important tree crop species, Castanea mollissima, which is widely cultivated in China. In the present study, diseased leaves of Fagaceae in China were investigated, and five new Monochaetia species were introduced based on morphology and phylogeny of combined ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 loci. Additionally, six species of Monochaetia were inoculated onto healthy leaves of the crop host Castanea mollissima to test their pathogenicity. The present study provides significant data on the species diversity, taxonomy, and host range of Monochaetia and enhances our understanding of leaf diseases of Fagaceae hosts.
On canonical pseudotensors, Sparling's form and Noether currents

The author describes a differential geometric unification and reformulation of earlier pseudotensorial approaches. It is shown that, along coordinate sections, the pull backs of the contravariant and dual forms of Sparling's form, defined on the bundle of linear frames L(M) over the m-dimensional spacetime M, are the Bergmann and the Landau-Lifshitz pseudotensors, respectively. Although the pull backs of Sparling's form along rigid sections are not exactly the energy-momentum tensors of the rigid basis description of gravity, they are always tensorial and the pull backs of the full Sparling equation are always the equations expressing the canonical (pseudo) tensors by the corresponding superpotentials. For any vector field on the spacetime an (m-1) form, called the Noether form, is defined on L(M) whose pull backs to the spacetime are, however, always the corresponding canonical Noether (pseudo) currents.
Pelvis shape analysis with geometric morphometry in crossbreed cats

In this study, the geometric morphometry of the pelvis of 32 (16 male, 16 female) crossbreed cats was investigated. Pelvis images of cats were obtained by computerized tomography method. Then, these images were modelled and geometric morphometry was applied. Shape variations of the pelvis of all individuals were obtained by principal component analysis. The first principal component (PC1) value explained 18.44% of the total variation. Second principal component (PC2) and third principal component (PC3) values explained 16.84% and 13.60% of the total variation, respectively. The difference in the shape of the pelvis of female and male cats was more pronounced in PC2 and PC3, which differed in the linea terminalis. The centroid size difference in terms of sex in the Procrustes ANOVA result is statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). However, the shape difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). As a result of discriminant analysis, the pelvis of female and male cats was completely separated from each other. The crista iliaca of males was more lateral than females. Linea terminalis was wider in shape in females. The edge of the acetabulum was higher in shape in males. Regression analysis was performed to see whether the age and weight of the cats had an effect on the centroid size of the cats. Age and weight were not found to be effective on centroid size. The shape variations of the anatomical formations obtained by geometric morphometry method can be revealed, and it can be examined whether there is a shape difference between the groups.
Measurement of the permittivity of nematic liquid crystals in magnetic and electric fields using extrapolation procedures

An analysis of the continuum equations of nematic layers subject to large electric or magnetic fields leads to simple extrapolation procedures which allow the infinite field capacitance of the layers to be inferred. For a magnetic aligning field H the reciprocal of the capacitance should be plotted against 1/H, whereas for an aligning electric voltage V the capacitance should be plotted against 1/V except in certain cases where there is a large change in the dielectric permittivities between the frequencies of the aligning and measuring electric fields, when a plot of the reciprocal of the capacitance against 1/V should be used. The optimum experiments for accurate routine measurement of both principal electric permittivities of a small sample of nematic using a single cell are identified and two experimental arrangements described.
Reconstruction of current profile parameters and plasma shapes in tokamaks

An efficient method is given to reconstruct the current profile parameters, the plasma shape, and a current profile consistent with the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium constraint from external magnetic measurements, based on a Picard iteration approach which approximately conserves the measurements. Computational efforts are reduced by parametrizing the current profile linearly in terms of a number of physical parameters. Results of detailed comparative calculations and a sensitivity study are described. Illustrative calculations to reconstruct the current profiles and plasma shapes in ohmically and auxiliarily heated Doublet III plasmas are given which show many interesting features of the current profiles.
Sr2+ doped CsPbBrI2 perovskite nanocrystals coated with ZrO2 for applications as white LEDs

Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) feature adjustable bandgap, wide absorption range, and great color purity for robust perovskite optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, the absence of lasting stability under continues energization, is still a major hurdle to the widespread use of NCs in commercial applications. In particular, the reactivity of red-emitting perovskites to environmental surroundings is more sensitive than that of their green counterparts. Here, we present a simple synthesis of ultrathin ZrO2 coated, Sr2+ doped CsPbBrI2 NCs. Introducing divalent Sr2+ may significantly eliminate Pb° surface traps, whereas ZrO2 encapsulation greatly improves environmental stability. The photoluminescence quantum yield of the Sr2+-doped CsPbBrI2/ZrO2 NCs was increased from 50.2% to 87.2% as a direct consequence of the efficient elimination of Pb° surface defects. Moreover, the thickness of the ZrO2 thin coating gives remarkable heat resistance and improved water stability. Combining CsPbSr0.3BrI2/ZrO2 NCs in a white light emitting diode (LED) with an excellent optical efficiency (100.08 lm W−1), high and a broad gamut 141% (NTSC) standard. This work offers a potential method to suppress Pb° traps by doping with Sr 2+and improves the performance of perovskite NCs by ultrathin coating structured ZrO2, consequently enabling their applicability in commercial optical displays.
A Case of Mediastinal Carcinosarcoma With Beta-HCG Production and KRAS Mutation

Carcinosarcomas of mediastinum are rare and only few well-documented cases are available in the literature. We report a detailed description of mediastinal carcinosarcoma with unique clinical manifestations and immunohistochemical and molecular profiles. A 44-year-old female with an enlarging anterior mediastinal mass was found to have a positive pregnancy test. Thoracoscopic biopsy revealed that the mass represented a carcinosarcoma with adenocarcinoma and chondrosarcoma components. The tumor focally expressed beta-HCG by immunohistochemistry and had KRAS G12A missense mutation by next generation sequencing. The case documents a rare presentation of carcinosarcoma within the mediastinum with uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome and genetic profile. Awareness of these unusual clinical and pathological manifestations of the tumor will help in reaching correct diagnosis and proper management of such patients.