Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compiling Knowledge into Decomposable Negation Normal Form

We propose a method for compiling propositional theories into a new tractable form that we refer to as decomposable negation normal form (DNNF). We show a number of results about our compilation approach. First, we show that every propositional theory can be compiled into DNNF and present an algorithm to this effect. Second, we show that if a clausal form has a bounded treewidth, then its DNNF compilation has a linear size and can be computed in linear time - treewidth is a graphtheoretic parameter which measures the connectivity of the clausal form. Third, we show that once a propositional theory is compiled into DNNF, a number of reasoning tasks, such as satisfiability and forgetting, can be performed in linear time. Finally, we propose two techniques for approximating the DNNF compilation of a theory when the size of such compilation is too large to be practical. One of the techniques generates a sound but incomplete compilation, while the other generates a complete but unsound compilation. Together, these approximations bound the exact compilation from below and above in terms for their ability to answer queries.
On Invariance of Cyclic Group Symmetries in Multiagent Formations

This paper explores how the interconnection topology among individuals of a multiagent system influences symmetry in its trajectories. It is shown how circulant connectivity preserves cyclic group symmetries in a formation of simple planar integrators. Moreover, it is revealed to what extent circulant connectivity is necessary in order that symmetric formations remain invariant under the system's dynamics.
Cancers of the Anal Canal and Anal Margin

In the past, cancers of the anal canal were treated by radical surgery, principally abdominoperineal resection (APR). This modality of treatment was an extension of the Miles procedure adopted for adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Over the last two decades, treatment of anal canal cancer has undergone a profound evolution. Combined-modality treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy has resulted in a 5-year survival rate of approximately 80%, with sphincter preservation in most patients having epidermoid carcinoma of the anal region. – 6] The role of surgery in this era is reserved for residual or recurrent disease or for the complications of radiation therapy. It is clear that the success of the combined-modality approach in this malignancy will serve as a model for the treatment of many other cancers.
Anatomical basis of a congenital hearing impairment: Basilar papilla dysplasia in the Belgian Waterslager canary

Recent investigations into the anatomy of the inner ear of Belgian Waterslager canaries (BWC) have demonstrated myriad malformations associated with dysgenesis of the pars inferior of the otocyst. In those studies, the surface anatomy of BWC's basilar papilla and sacculus was examined utilizing scanning electron microscopy. In the present investigation, we utilized both light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to describe the cross sectional anatomical pathology of the BWC's basilar papilla. Examination of the BWC's organ of Corti revealed numerous dysmorphologies: 1) hair cells from the tall hair cell region appeared broad and stunted, with deformed cuticular plates, abnormal stereocilia, and recognizable microvilli; 2) quantitative analysis of these hair cells revealed disproportionately large nuclei and abnormally short stereocilia; 3) hair cells from the short hair cell region of the papilla were absent, replaced by a population of large cells with electron‐lucent cytoplasm; and 4) the tectorial membrane in the BWC papilla was narrow, covering only the area where the deformed tall hair cells were found. The malformations appeared to be more severe at the apex and midsection of the basilar papilla than at the base. These observations allow us to suggest a hypothesis to account for the distinct anatomofunctional hearing deficit observed in these birds. In addition, they further support our hypothesis that the inner ear of BWC is afflicted by a disorder similar to Scheibe's dysplasia, the most common inner ear defect associated with congenital hearing loss in humans. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical Protection against X-Ray Damage to Chromosomes.

HE writer (RILEY 1955) has shown that 2 X and 2 X lop4 M sodium T hydrosulfite and 2 X 2 X lop3, and sometimes 2 X lop4 M 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL) will reduce significantly the number of chromosome interchanges and deletions induced by gamma radiation in root tips from germinating onion bulbs if the roots are in the solutions from 30 minutes before until ten minutes after irradiation. A similar effect was found even when the roots were removed from the solutions during the short period of irradiation, probably because they were covered with and apparently saturated with the solutions during that time. When the frequency of chromatin bridges a t anaphase was used as a measure of radiation damage to root-tip chromosomes from young onion seedlings, significant protection was conferred by 4 X lW3 and 4 X lW4 M sodium hydrosulfite and by 4 X and 4 x lop3 M BAL when given before, during, and after irradiation but not by lower concentrations of the same compounds. Sodium pyrosulfate in concentrations of 4 X le2, 4 X lW3, and 4 X M showed great protection, but 4 X 1W2, 4 X lW3, and 4 X le4 M sodium peroxidisulfate resulted in a reduction in bridges that was not statistically significant. A 2.8 x 10-1 M concentration of glucose brought about no reduction in bridge frequency and 1.7 M ethanol showed some reduction although the reduction was not significant. In the present paper these and other chemical compounds are discussed as protective agents against chromosome damage by X-rays.
Testing HDR Image Rendering Algorithms

Eight high-dynamic-range image rendering algorithms were tested using ten high-dynamic-range pictorial images. A large-scale paired comparison psychophysical experiment was developed containing two sections, comparing the overall rendering performances and grayscale tone mapping performance respectively. An interval scale of preference was created to evaluate the rendering results. The results showed the consistency of tone-mapping performance with the overall rendering results, and illustrated that Durand and Dorsey’s bilateral fast filtering technique and Reinhard’s photographic tone reproduction have the best rendering performance overall. The goal of this experiment was to establish a sound testing and evaluation methodology based on psychophysical experiment results for future research on accuracy of rendering algorithms.
Coordination of Information Systems Plans with Business Plans

Abstract:Recent research has shown that the challenge of coordinating information systems plans with business plans impedes effective information systems planning. Interviews with twenty top information systems executives employed by medium to large organizations in diverse industries revealed four general reasons for the difficulty of this coordination. The interviews also uncovered four general actions that the executives take to attempt to meet the challenge. The results suggest that the presence of a top management mandate for coordinating the plans distinguishes IS executives who did not report the difficulty from IS executives who did.
Vector Quantisation Classiiers for Handwritten Character Recognition Vector Quantisation Classiiers for Handwritten Character Recognition

The development of a pattern recognition architecture based on vector quantization techniques is presented which is applied to the recognition of handwritten bank forms. After an overview of nearest-neighbor classiication and clustering, a fast completely binary version of the k-means algorithm is introduced and results for large character databases are given. An integration of these methods in a multi-agent environment is discussed. Both the eecient implementation on general MIMD processors and a realization on a dedicated SIMD architecture are presented.
Hydraulic conductivity of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaf tissue does not respond to light.

The permeability of leaf tissue to water has been reported to increase under illumination, a response reputed to involve aquaporins. We studied this 'light response' in red oak (Quercus rubra L.), the species in which the phenomenon was first detected during measurements of leaf hydraulic conductance with the high-pressure flow meter (HPFM). In our HPFM measurements, we found that pre-conditioning leaves in darkness was not sufficient to bring them to their minimum conductance, which was attained only after an hour of submersion and pressurization. However, pre-conditioning leaves under anoxic conditions resulted in an immediate reduction in conductance. Leaves light- and dark-acclimated while on the tree showed no differences in the time course of HPFM measurement under illumination. We also studied the effect of light level and anoxia on rehydration kinetics, finding that anoxia slowed rehydration, but light had no effect either in the lab (rehydration under low light, high humidity) or on the tree (acclimation under high light, 10 min of dark prior to rehydration). We conclude that the declines in conductance observed in the HPFM must involve a resistance downstream of the extracellular air space, and that in red oak the hydraulic conductivity of leaf tissue is insensitive to light.
IRNdb: the database of immunologically relevant non-coding RNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and other functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators involved in multiple biological processes. Recently, ncRNA control of gene expression has been identified as a critical regulatory mechanism in the immune system. Despite the great efforts made to discover and characterize ncRNAs, the functional role for most remains unknown. To facilitate discoveries in ncRNA regulation of immune system-related processes we developed the database of immunologically relevant ncRNAs and target genes (IRNdb). We integrated mouse data on predicted and experimentally supported ncRNA-target interactions, ncRNA and gene annotations, biological pathways and processes, and experimental data in a uniform format with a user-friendly web interface. The current version of IRNdb documents 12,930 experimentally supported miRNA-target interactions between 724 miRNAs and 2,427 immune-related murine targets. In addition, we recorded 22,453 lncRNA-immune target and 377 PIWI-interacting RNA-immune target interactions. IRNdb is a comprehensive searchable data repository which will be of help in studying the role of ncRNAs in the immune system. Database URL: http://irndb.org
Sex Chromatin in Lepidoptera

Like mammals, Lepidoptera possess female-specific sex chromatin. In a compilation of new and published data, 81% 238 investigated Lepidoptera species display one or more heterochromatin bodies in female somatic interphase cells, but not in male cells. In contrast with the similar phenomenon in mammals, this sex-specific heterochromatin does not function as a dosage compensation mechanism. Most Lepidoptera have a WZ/ZZ sex chromosome mechanism, and the sex chromatin is derived from the univalent W sex chromosome. Sex chromatin is regarded as an indicator of an advanced stage of W chromosome evolution. In species with a Z/ZZ sex chromosome mechanism, loss of the W chromosome is accompanied by loss of the female-specific heterochromatin. Since sex chromatin can be discerned easily in interphase nuclei, and especially so in the highly polyploid somatic cells, it is a useful marker for diagnosing chromosomal sex of embryos and larvae, and of identifying sex chromosome aberrations in mutagenesis screens. All species with sex chromatin belong to the Ditrysia, the main clade of Lepidoptera that contains more than 98% of all extant species. Sex chromatin has not been reported for clades that branched off earlier. The nonditrysian clades share this character with Trichoptera, a sister group of the Lepidoptera. We propose that Lepidoptera originally had a Z/ZZ sex chromosome mechanism like Trichoptera; the WZ/ZZ sex chromosome mechanism evolved later in the ditrysian branch of Lepidoptera. Secondary losses of the W chromosome account for the sporadically occurring Z/ZZ sex chromosome systems in ditrysian families. The lepidopteran sex chromatin, therefore, appears to mirror the full evolutionary life cycle of a univalent sex chromosome from its birth through heterochromatinization to sporatic loss.
Toll-like Receptor 4 Detected in Exocrine Pancreas and the Change of Expression in Cerulein-induced Pancreatitis

Objectives: To detect Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and distribution in rat pancreas and the change of TLR4 expression in cerulein-induced pancreatitis (CIP). Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced by subcutaneous injections of cerulein at a total dose of 20 μg/kg. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect and localize TLR4 in rat pancreas, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantitatively determine the expression of TLR4 mRNA in CIP. Results: IHC showed the presence of TLR4 in rat pancreas, and its distribution was specifically localized to pancreatic ductal epithelium, vascular endothelium, and islet. No TLR4 staining was detected in exocrine acinar cells. Real-time RT-PCR results revealed low-level TLR4 mRNA expression in the rat pancreas, and the change of TLR4 in CIP only developed within the first 4 hours, which is a rapid up-regulation process that peaks at the first hour. TLR4 mRNA was sustained at baseline level from 4 to 24 hours. Conclusions: TLR4 protein was expressed in pancreas and localized to epithelial (pancreatic duct) or endothelial (vessels) tissues; TLR4 responded favorably to the inflammatory process, and the change of expression was characterized as a rapid up-regulation in the early stage of CIP.
Li+ Influx and Binding, and Li+/Mg2+ Competition in Bovine Chromaffin Cell Suspensions as Studied by 7Li NMR and Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Li+ influx by bovine chromaffin cells, obtained from bovine adrenal medulla, was studied in intact cell suspensions using 7Li NMR spectroscopy with the shift reagent [Tm(HDOTP)]4-. The influx rate constants, ki, were determined in the absence and in the presence of two Na+ membrane transport inhibitors. The values obtained indicate that both voltage sensitive Na+ channels and (Na+/K+)-ATPase play an important role in Li+ uptake by these cells. 7Li NMR T1 and T2 relaxation times for intracellular Li+ in bovine chromaffin cells provided a T1/T2 ratio of 305, showing that Li+ is highly, immobilized due to strong binding to intracellular structures. Using fluorescence spectroscopy and the Mg2+ fluorescent probe, furaptra, the free intracellular Mg2+ concentration in the bovine chromaffin cells incubated with 15 mM LiCl was found to increase by about mM after the intracellular Li+ concentration reached a steady state. Therefore, once inside the cell, Li+ is able to displace Mg2+ from its binding sites.
Use of Data Provenance and the Grid in Medical Image Analysis and Drug Discovery - An IXI Exemplar

Medical research and drug discovery rely increasingly on comparisons between magnetic resonance images from large numbers of subjects, often with multiple time points for each subject. We applied image registration and visualisation techniques for quantitative and qualitative assessment of changes over time in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. We used the Grid to enable remote invocation and parallel execution of the algorithms. Data provenance was stored in a database to provide information about the validity, accuracy and timeliness of the data, which establishes a data integrity framework that is very important in the process of drug discovery and development.
Nuevas propuestas de antenas Microstrip de Banda Ancha

El trabajo propuesto es disenar e implementar antenas Microstrip de banda ancha para aplicaciones en Wi-Fi y redes de sensores que operen en las bandas de 2.4GHz, 5GHz y las bandas de 915MHz y 2.4GHz respectivamente, con ganancias superiores 3.5dBi y polarizacion lineal.
Directional Locomotion of C. elegans in the Absence of External Stimuli

Many organisms respond to food deprivation by altering their pattern of movement, often in ways that appear to facilitate dispersal. While the behavior of the nematode C. elegans in the presence of attractants has been characterized, long-range movement in the absence of external stimuli has not been examined in this animal. Here we investigate the movement pattern of individual C. elegans over times of ∼1 hour after removal from food, using two custom imaging set-ups that allow us to track animals on large agar surfaces of 22 cm×22 cm. We find that a sizeable fraction of the observed trajectories display directed motion over tens of minutes. Remarkably, this directional persistence is achieved despite a local orientation memory that decays on the scale of about one minute. Furthermore, we find that such trajectories cannot be accounted for by simple random, isotropic models of animal locomotion. This directional behavior requires sensory neurons, but appears to be independent of known sensory signal-transduction pathways. Our results suggest that long-range directional behavior of C. elegans may not be driven by sensory cues.
Analysis of causes of failures in 10 kV electrical power distribution networks (on the example of the Southern electrical networks of the city of Irkutsk)

Disconnection of power consumers from power grids is quite a common event, with a wide range of consequences. Power supply interruptions can be caused by both casual events, and planned shutdowns. Disruptions in systems of power supply of consumers lead to a variety of adverse events (under-delivery of products, large-scale product rejection, failure of production equipment, etc.), which inflicts a significant economic damage. The retrospective analysis of the failure rate of electrical networks of the Right Bank and Left Bank districts of Irkutsk over 2013–2017 has been carried out. The analysis was based on the data from dispatching logs of observations on events of failures caused by emergency damage to the Southern electrical networks. It is established that the greatest number of failures occurs for such reasons as damage at substations, damage to consumer electrical networks, wire breakage in air and cable power lines as well as damage of switching equipment. Failures related to wind load, damage at packaged transformer substations, insulators and surge arresters are also analysed. The percentage rate of failures of electrical power networks caused by specific reasons from the total number of failures is presented. Besides, the analysis is performed of the duration of interruptions of power supply owing to damage of individual elements of power network equipment as well as the amount of electric energy undelivered for these reasons, and financial losses caused by these failures due to under-delivery of electric energy, with the average wholesale electricity prices taken into account.
Distributed, Robust Acoustic Source Localization in a Wireless Sensor Network

A distributed, robust source location estimation method using acoustic signatures in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is presented. A contaminated Gaussian (CG) noise model is proposed to characterize the impulsive, non-Gaussian nature of acoustic background noise observed in some real-world WSNs. A bi-square M-estimate approach then is applied to provide robust estimation of acoustic source locations in the presence of outlier. Moreover, a Consensus based Distributed Robust Acoustic Source Localization (C-DRASL) algorithm is proposed. With C-DRASL, individual sensor nodes will solve for the bi-square M-estimate of the source location locally using a lightweight Iterative Nonlinear Reweighted Least Square (INRLS) algorithm. These local estimates then will be exchanged among nearest neighboring nodes via one-hop wireless channels. Finally, at each node, a robust consensus algorithm will aggregate the local estimates of neighboring nodes iteratively and converge to a unified global estimate on the source location. The effectiveness and robustness of C-DRASL are clearly demonstrated through extensive simulation results.
Long-term trends of total ozone content over mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere

ABSTRACT Dynamic climatic normals and long-term trends of total ozone in the mid-latitudes of the Northern hemisphere (30°N–60°N) have been determined using data from satellite observations for the period of 1978–2017. The annual course of total ozone is shown as changing over the various regions during the period of observations. The specific features of alteration in the state of the ozone layer are discussed depending on latitude and longitude. Thus, a general increase in total ozone in winter, an increase in spring (with the exception of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and Pacific), and a continuing decrease in summer (with the exception of the northern latitudes of America) during the last 17 years is revealed. The long-term trends of total ozone for different regions and latitude zones (30°N–40°N, 40°N–50°N, and 50°N–60°N) are given depending on season.
Research of Network Intrusion Detection System based on Machine Learning and Rough Set Theory

Data mining for intrusion detection is one of the most cutting-edge researches which focus on network security, database, and information decision-making. Due to the emergence of new forms of attacks and intrusion on the network, we need a new intrusion detection system which would be able to detect new and unknown attacks. In the paper, by studying the characteristics of network data intrusion, we put forward a intrusion detection system based on Rough set theory, and detect anomaly action in network. This method can extract detection rule model of the network connection data, dealing with incomplete data and basic discrete data exit in data mining effectively. The experiments results show that, models, methods and generation framework proposed in this paper can effectively detect network intrusion.
Object-relational event middleware for web applications

Web based applications are increasingly being used for highly reactive systems where clients expect to be notified of broadcast style information with relatively low latency. Software development of these applications has partially been addressed by technologies associated with the Ajax and Comet architecture for Web programming. While such applications are beneficial to end users, they create additional burdens for software developers. In particular, this push-style development is not integrated with the object-oriented model of data used by application-tier developers. In this paper, we investigate an event-driven style of programming to allow event-based subscription and notification of changes to application object state. This requires a new framework to maintain consistency for developers between two key elements. First, consistency must be maintained between application-tier objects and data-tier state. Second, consistency must be maintained between subscriptions across multiple hosts in a server cluster, so that notifications of changes to object state are disseminated to all appropriate browser clients. We use a running example from the Java-based LightPortal open-source social network Web application to describe the approach. We also evaluate performance implications on the RUBiS Web auction application benchmark.