Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Literature search strategies for conducting knowledge-building and theory-generating qualitative systematic reviews.

AIM To report literature search strategies for the purpose of conducting knowledge-building and theory-generating qualitative systematic reviews. BACKGROUND Qualitative systematic reviews lie on a continuum from knowledge-building and theory-generating to aggregating and summarizing. Different types of literature searches are needed to optimally support these dissimilar reviews. DATA SOURCES Articles published between 1989-Autumn 2011. These documents were identified using a hermeneutic approach and multiple literature search strategies. DISCUSSION Redundancy is not the sole measure of validity when conducting knowledge-building and theory-generating systematic reviews. When conducting these types of reviews, literature searches should be consistent with the goal of fully explicating concepts and the interrelationships among them. To accomplish this objective, a 'berry picking' approach is recommended along with strategies for overcoming barriers to finding qualitative research reports. IMPLICATIONS To enhance integrity of knowledge-building and theory-generating systematic reviews, reviewers are urged to make literature search processes as transparent as possible, despite their complexity. This includes fully explaining and rationalizing what databases were used and how they were searched. It also means describing how literature tracking was conducted and grey literature was searched. In the end, the decision to cease searching also needs to be fully explained and rationalized. CONCLUSION Predetermined linear search strategies are unlikely to generate search results that are adequate for purposes of conducting knowledge-building and theory-generating qualitative systematic reviews. Instead, it is recommended that iterative search strategies take shape as reviews evolve.
Cortical and Subcortical Correlates of Ororhythmic Behaviors

Although the healthy adult possesses a large repertoire of coordinative strategies for oromotor behaviors, a range of nonverbal, speech-like movements including cyclic jaw motion and lip pursing can be observed during speech. The extent of overlap among sensorimotor speech and nonspeech central neural correlates is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial extent of unique and shared neural bases subserving taskand rate-specific ororhythmic behaviors utilizing a randomized block design fMRI study with an audiovisual motor stimulus paradigm to record neural correlates of suck and unvoiced syllabic speech performed at 1 or 3 Hz by a group of healthy adults. A functionally defined region of interest analysis provided (1) descriptive analysis of individual clusters, and (2) quantitative analysis of the extent of activation differences between conditions. Both factors (task and rate) were shown to significantly affect BOLD signal changes at the cortical, subcortical, and brainstem levels.
Sleep restriction worsens mood and emotion regulation in adolescents.

BACKGROUND The relationship between inadequate sleep and mood has been well-established in adults and is supported primarily by correlational data in younger populations. Given that adolescents often experience shortened sleep on school nights, we sought to better understand the effect of experimentally induced chronic sleep restriction on adolescents' mood and mood regulation. METHODS Fifty healthy adolescents, ages 14-17, completed a 3-week sleep manipulation protocol involving a baseline week, followed by a sleep restriction (SR) condition (6.5 hr in bed per night for five nights) and healthy sleep duration (HS) condition (10 hr in bed per night for five nights). The study used a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover experimental design. Participants' sleep was monitored at home via self-report and actigraphy. At the end of each condition, participants and their parents completed questionnaires of mood and mood regulation. To assess for expectancy effects, we also analyzed parent and teen ratings of hyperactivity/impulsivity, which prior research suggests is not sensitive to SR in adolescents. Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests compared questionnaire outcomes across the two conditions. RESULTS Participants averaged 2.5 more hours of sleep per night during HS relative to SR. Compared with HS, adolescents rated themselves as significantly more tense/anxious, angry/hostile, confused, and fatigued, and as less vigorous (p = .001-.01) during SR. Parents and adolescents also reported greater oppositionality/irritability and poorer emotional regulation during SR compared with HS (p < .05). There were no cross-condition differences in depression or hyperactivity/impulsivity (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Findings complement prior correlational study results to show that after only a few days of shortened sleep, at a level of severity that is experienced regularly by millions of adolescents on school nights, adolescents have worsened mood and decreased ability to regulate negative emotions.
Performance analysis of home network topology discovery protocols

Service providers are demanding the development of novel diagnostic tools with which they can remotely troubleshoot the home network. One of the tools should be able to gather information about the topology of the home network. In this paper we propose a set of key performance indicators for home network topology discovery architectures, and how they should be measured. We apply them to the Link-Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD) protocol and the Link-Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP), and show that these protocols do not fulfill all the requirements as formulated by the service providers.
How Children Think and Learn: The Social Contexts of Cognitive Development

Introduction: From Pavlov to Piaget. 1. Images of Childhood and their Reflection in Teaching. 2. A Decade of Development. 3. Are there Stages of Development? 4. Learning how to Think and Learn. 5. Language and Learning. 6. Making Sense. 7. The Literate Mind. 8. The Mathematical Mind. 9. Education and Educatability. Bibliography.
Emergence of increased frequency and severity of multiple infections by viruses due to spatial clustering of hosts

Multiple virus particles can infect a target host cell. Such multiple infections (MIs) have significant and varied ecological and evolutionary consequences for both virus and host populations. Yet, the in situ rates and drivers of MIs in virus-microbe systems remain largely unknown. Here, we develop an individual-based model (IBM) of virus-microbe dynamics to probe how spatial interactions drive the frequency and nature of MIs. In our IBMs, we identify increasingly spatially correlated clusters of viruses given sufficient decreases in viral movement. We also identify increasingly spatially correlated clusters of viruses and clusters of hosts given sufficient increases in viral infectivity. The emergence of clusters is associated with an increase in multiply infected hosts as compared to expectations from an analogous mean field model. We also observe long-tails in the distribution of the multiplicity of infection in contrast to mean field expectations that such events are exponentially rare. We show that increases in both the frequency and severity of MIs occur when viruses invade a cluster of uninfected microbes. We contend that population-scale enhancement of MI arises from an aggregate of invasion dynamics over a distribution of microbe cluster sizes. Our work highlights the need to consider spatially explicit interactions as a potentially key driver underlying the ecology and evolution of virus-microbe communities.
Evolutionary rescue: an emerging focus at the intersection between ecology and evolution

There is concern that the rate of environmental change is now exceeding the capacity of many populations to adapt. Mitigation of biodiversity loss requires science that integrates both ecological and evolutionary responses of populations and communities to rapid environmental change, and can identify the conditions that allow the recovery of declining populations. This special issue focuses on evolutionary rescue (ER), the idea that evolution might occur sufficiently fast to arrest population decline and allow population recovery before extinction ensues. ER emphasizes a shift to a perspective on evolutionary dynamics that focuses on short time-scales, genetic variants of large effects and absolute rather than relative fitness. The contributions in this issue reflect the state of field; the articles address the latest conceptual developments, and report novel theoretical and experimental results. The examples in this issue demonstrate that this burgeoning area of research can inform problems of direct practical concern, such as the conservation of biodiversity, adaptation to climate change and the emergence of infectious disease. The continued development of research on ER will be necessary if we are to understand the extent to which anthropogenic global change will reduce the Earth's biodiversity.
Environmental Effects on Public Health: An Economic Perspective

In this article we critically review the economic literature on the effects of environmental changes on public health, in both the developed and the developing world. We first focus on the economic methodologies that are available for the evaluation of the effects (social costs and benefits) of environmental changes (degradation/preservation) on public health. Then, we explain how the monetary valuations of these effects can feed back in the construction of economic policy for creating agent-specific incentives for more efficient public health management, which is also equitable and environmentally sustainable. Our exposition is accompanied by a synthesis of the available quantitative empirical results.
Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Estimate Intake among Children and Adolescents in Urban Peru

Tools to assess intake among children in Latin America are limited. We developed and assessed the reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered to children, adolescents, and their caregivers in Lima, Peru. We conducted 24-h diet recalls (DRs) and focus groups to develop a locally-tailored FFQ prototype for children aged 0–14 years. To validate the FFQ, we administered two FFQs and three DRs to children and/or their caregivers (N = 120) over six months. We examined FFQ reproducibility by quartile agreement and Pearson correlation coefficients, and validity by quartile agreement and correlation with DRs. For reproducibility, quartile agreement ranged from 60–77% with correlations highest for vitamins A and C (0.31). Age-adjusted correlations for the mean DR and the second-administered FFQ were highest in the 0–7 age group, in which the majority of caregivers completed the FFQ on behalf of the child (total fat; 0.67) and in the 8–14 age group, in which both the child and caregiver completed the FFQ together (calcium, niacin; 0.54); correlations were <0.10 for most nutrients in the 8–14 age group in which the caregiver completed the FFQ on the child’s behalf. The FFQ was reproducible and the first developed and validated to assess various nutrients in children and adolescents in Peru.
Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig How cellular movement determines the collective force generated by the Dictyostelium discoideum slug

How the collective motion of cells in a biological tissue originates in the behavior of a collection of individuals, each of which responds to the chemical and mechanical signals it receives from neighbors, is still poorly understood. Here we study this question for a particular system, the slug stage of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. We investigate how cells in the interior of a migrating slug can effectively transmit stress to the substrate and thereby contribute to the overall motive force. Theoretical analysis suggests necessary conditions on the behavior of individual cells, and computational results shed light on experimental results concerning the total force exerted by a migrating slug. The model predicts that only cells in contact with the substrate contribute to the translational motion of the slug. Since the model is not based specifically on the mechanical properties of Dictyostelium discoideum cells, the results suggest that this behavior will be found in many developing systems.
Architectural and Performance Evaluation of GigaNet and Myrinet Interconnects on Clusters of Small-Scale SMP Servers

GigaNet and Myrinet are two of the leading interconnects for clusters of commodity computer systems. Both provide memory-protected user-level network interface access, and deliver low-latency and high-bandwidth communication to applications. GigaNet is a connection-oriented interconnect based on a hardware implementation of Virtual Interface (VI) Architecture and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technologies. Myrinet is a connection-less interconnect which leverages packet switching technologies from experimental Massively Parallel Processors (MPP) networks. This paper investigates their architectural differences and evaluates their performance on two commodity clusters based on two generations of Symmetric Multiple Processors (SMP) servers. The performance measurements reported here suggest that the implementation of Message Passing Interface (MPI) significantly affects the cluster performance. Although MPICH-GM over Myrinet demonstrates lower latency with small messages, the polling-driven implementation of MPICH-GM often leads to tight synchronization between communication processes and higher CPU overhead.
Biometrics for an ageing society societal and ethical factors in biometrics and ageing

By the middle of the twenty-first century around one third of the European population will be aged 65 or over. This poses two main challenges to biometrics. First, the quality of an image capturable from an older person is likely to be inferior to that of a younger person, leading to increased failure to capture or failure to enroll rates. Second, since biometric features alter over time, `within-person variation' and `template ageing' lead to significant system performance degradation. As society ages the need for solutions becomes increasingly urgent. This paper addresses a major societal and ethical issue this need provokes.
Plasticity of functional traits varies clinally along a rainfall gradient in Eucalyptus tricarpa.

Widespread species often occur across a range of climatic conditions, through a combination of local genetic adaptations and phenotypic plasticity. Species with greater phenotypic plasticity are likely to be better positioned to cope with rapid anthropogenic climate changes, while those displaying strong local adaptations might benefit from translocations to assist the movement of adaptive genes as the climate changes. Eucalyptus tricarpa occurs across a climatic gradient in south-eastern Australia, a region of increasing aridity, and we hypothesized that this species would display local adaptation to climate. We measured morphological and physiological traits reflecting climate responses in nine provenances from sites of 460 to 1040 mm annual rainfall, in their natural habitat and in common gardens near each end of the gradient. Local adaptation was evident in functional traits and differential growth rates in the common gardens. Some traits displayed complex combinations of plasticity and genetic divergence among provenances, including clinal variation in plasticity itself. Provenances from drier locations were more plastic in leaf thickness, whereas leaf size was more plastic in provenances from higher rainfall locations. Leaf density and stomatal physiology (as indicated by δ(13)C and δ(18)O) were highly and uniformly plastic. In addition to variation in mean trait values, genetic variation in trait plasticity may play a role in climate adaptation.
Tunable diode laser spectroscopy for gas detection inside scattering media

The present communication is mainly focused on molecular oxygen detection in porous organic matter, through a tunable diode laser spectroscopy. Initial measurements on wood were preformed in order to illustrate the influence of the density and anisotropy of the sample on the GASMAS-signal. Additional measurements were performed on horticultural produces, in which the concentration of the molecular oxygen gas is of crucial importance for the ripening process and the quality of the produces. The methodology presented is general and can be applied to a large number of problems concerning gas exchange in porous materials, which can be of interest in applications ranging from biological and medical to industrial and pharmaceutical
Metatranscriptomic analysis of a high-sulfide aquatic spring reveals insights into sulfur cycling and unexpected aerobic metabolism

Zodletone spring is a sulfide-rich spring in southwestern Oklahoma characterized by shallow, microoxic, light-exposed spring water overlaying anoxic sediments. Previously, culture-independent 16S rRNA gene based diversity surveys have revealed that Zodletone spring source sediments harbor a highly diverse microbial community, with multiple lineages putatively involved in various sulfur-cycling processes. Here, we conducted a metatranscriptomic survey of microbial populations in Zodletone spring source sediments to characterize the relative prevalence and importance of putative phototrophic, chemolithotrophic, and heterotrophic microorganisms in the sulfur cycle, the identity of lineages actively involved in various sulfur cycling processes, and the interaction between sulfur cycling and other geochemical processes at the spring source. Sediment samples at the spring’s source were taken at three different times within a 24-h period for geochemical analyses and RNA sequencing. In depth mining of datasets for sulfur cycling transcripts revealed major sulfur cycling pathways and taxa involved, including an unexpected potential role of Actinobacteria in sulfide oxidation and thiosulfate transformation. Surprisingly, transcripts coding for the cyanobacterial Photosystem II D1 protein, methane monooxygenase, and terminal cytochrome oxidases were encountered, indicating that genes for oxygen production and aerobic modes of metabolism are actively being transcribed, despite below-detectable levels (<1 µM) of oxygen in source sediment. Results highlight transcripts involved in sulfur, methane, and oxygen cycles, propose that oxygenic photosynthesis could support aerobic methane and sulfide oxidation in anoxic sediments exposed to sunlight, and provide a viewpoint of microbial metabolic lifestyles under conditions similar to those seen during late Archaean and Proterozoic eons.
Women's erotic rape fantasies.

This study evaluated the rape fantasies of a female undergraduate sample (N = 355) using a sexual fantasy checklist, a sexual fantasy log, a rape fantasy scenario presentation, and measures of personality. Results indicated that 62% of women have had a rape fantasy. For these women, the median rape fantasy frequency was about four times per year, with 14% of participants reporting that they had rape fantasies at least once a week. Further, rape fantasies exist on a continuum between erotic and aversive, with 9% completely aversive, 45% completely erotic, and 46% both erotic and aversive. Women who are more erotophilic, open to fantasy, and higher in self-esteem tended to have more frequent and erotic rape fantasies than other women. The major theories that have been proposed to explain why women have rape fantasies were tested. Results indicated that sexual blame avoidance and ovulation theories were not supported. Openness to sexuality, sexual desirability, and sympathetic activation theories received partial support.
Remote heartbeat monitoring from human soles using 60-GHz ultra-wideband radar

Measurement of heartbeats is essential in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging because the measurement must be synchronized with the phase of cardiac cycles. Many existing studies on radar-based heartbeat monitoring have focused on echoes from the torso only, and such monitoring cannot be applied to subjects in magnetic resonance scanners because only the head and soles can be seen from the outside. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of the remote monitoring of heartbeats from the subject’s soles using a 60-GHz ultra-wideband radar. The heartbeat intervals measured using the radar are quantitatively compared with those measured using conventional electrocardiography.
Managing Response Time in a Call-Routing Problem with Service Failure

Traditional research on routing in queueing systems usually ignores service quality related factors. In this paper, we analyze the routing problem in a system where customers call back when their problems are not completely resolved by the customer service representatives (CSRs). We introduce the concept of call resolution probability, and we argue that it constitutes a good proxy for call quality. For each call, both the call resolution probability (p) and the average service time (1/µ) are CSR dependent. We use a Markov decision process formulation to obtain analytical results and insights about the optimal routing policy that minimizes the average total time of call resolution, including callbacks. In particular, we provide sufficient conditions under which it is optimal to route to the CSR with the highest call resolution rate (pµ) among those available. We also develop efficient heuristics that can be easily implemented in practice.
Coupling simulation with HeuristicLab to solve facility layout problems

In this paper we describe the optimization of a facility layout scenario, which involves coupling simulation with the optimization environment HeuristicLab. For this purpose we show a problem formulation that acts as an interface between these two domains of problem modeling and optimization, and discuss optimization methodologies and their results for a number of artificial test problems as well as more complex real-world problems. HeuristicLab was designed with both practitioners and algorithm developers in mind. Practitioners benefit from a graphical user interface that facilitates so-called interactive algorithm engineering, where algorithms can be adjusted without actually writing code. Algorithm developers are aided in the development process by the plug-in based, easily extensible architecture and integrated parallelization functionality.
Vibrotactile display approach that modifies roughness sensations of real textures

In this study, we developed vibrotactile display methods that can assist designers in product design. In order to achieve realistic sensations required for such designing purposes, we used real materials such as cloth, paper, wood, and leather and applied vibrotactile stimuli to modify the roughness sensations of these materials. This approach allowed us to present textures of various virtual materials with a strong sense of reality. We verified that our proposed methods could selectively modify the fine and macro-roughness sensations of real materials. The methods are expected to aid product designers in deciding tactile sensations suitable for their products.