Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiences with BeLinda: A Synthetic Linda Benchmark for Parallel Computing Platforms

In this paper we ovewiew the design of BeLinda, we present the results of running BeLinda on three radically different architectures, and we discuss our experiences with taking this particular approach to benchmarking parallel architectures. We identify some primitives that are generally used in parallel applications, perform our evaluation with respect t o these primitives and attempt t o combine the results t o a single number. In combining the results, we are faced with the problems of assigning suitable weights to the different programs. These problems include the identification of a typical workload, determination of the frequency of occurrence of the primitives in the workload, and conversion of results into the same units. Our approach allows a quick and easy evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the machine being evaluated, but we conclude that it is not a realistic idea to attempt to reduce the results to a single overall number.
Joint Discriminative Front End and Back End Training for Improved Speech Recognition Accuracy

This paper presents a general discriminative training method for both the front end feature extractor and back end acoustic model of an automatic speech recognition system. The front end and back end parameters are jointly trained using the Rprop algorithm against a maximum mutual information (MMI) objective function. Results are presented on the Aurora 2 noisy English digit recognition task. It is shown that discriminative training of the front end or back end alone can improve accuracy, but joint training is considerably better
Enhancement of Mobility Model for Cluster Hierarchical Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

The recent researches in wireless sensor in nuclear applications are studying the usage of wireless sensor network and how utilize and maximize its benefits in our installations in Egyptian Atomic Energy of Authority (EAEA). The communication protocols named LEACH is a clustering based protocol in which the nodes organize themselves into local clusters, with one node acting as the cluster head [1-5]. This paper present simulation results that illustrate enhancement of LEACH protocol and the importance of choosing a mobility model in the simulation of Wireless sensor Network [6-8]. Specifically. Also, illustrate how the performance resultsof WSN drastically change as a result of enhancement of LEACH simulated by obtaining the distance and energy information from advertise message . Network simulator ( NS2) will be used to prove that after enhancement performs better than LEACH protocol and enhance average Energy, Delay and Network life time for Random Way mobility Model.
Comparing Ontology-Based and Corpus-Based Domain Annotations in WordNet

Domain information has been regarded as an emerging topic of interest in relation to WordNet. A lexical resource, WordNet Domains, is presented, where WordNet synsets have been annotated with domain labels such as Medicine, Architecture and Sport. This annotation reflects the lexicosemantic criteria adopted by humans involved in the annotation. However, from a corpus-based perspective, domains reflect term distribution in a given text collection. The paper proposes a preliminary investigation aiming at comparing and integrating ontology-based and corpus-based domain information.
Novel butler matrix using CPW multilayer technology

In this paper, a novel 4 times 4 two-layer Butler matrix based on a broad-band two-layer slot-coupled directional coupler is presented and implemented at 5.8 GHz using coplanar waveguide technology. With the slot-coupled directional coupler, the proposed matrix was designed without using any crossovers as used in conventional Butler matrices, which leads to significant size reduction and loss minimization. To examine the performance of the proposed matrix, experimental prototypes of the multilayer directional coupler and the Butler matrix were fabricated and measured. Furthermore, a four-antenna array was also designed and fabricated at 5.8 GHz and then connected to the matrix to form a beamforming antenna system. As a result, four orthogonal beams at -45deg, -15deg, 15deg, and 45deg are produced. Measured results on the entire system agree well with the theoretical predictions, validating the proposed design
HIGH-ACCURACY ALGORITHMS FOR SOLUTION OF DISCRETE PERIODIC RICCATI EQUATIONS

The algorithm of solution of discrete periodic Riccati equation which arises, in particular, in problems of synthesis of system of stabilization of the hopping robot is offered. In this algorithm it is removed a number of restrictions on matrix coefficients of the equation which are peculiar to existing algorithms. It is essential, that this algorithm allows to use at the realization of procedure of variable precision arithmetic. This circumstance enables to receive the solution of discrete periodic Riccati equation with high accuracy. The examples are considered.
The Road Ahead for Knowledge Management: An AI Perspective

Enabling organizations to capture, share, and apply the collective experience and know-how of their people is seen as fundamental to competing in the knowledge economy. As a result, there has been a wave of enthusiasm and activity centered on knowledge management. To make progress in this area, issues of technology, process, people, and content must be addressed. In this article, we develop a road map for knowledge management. It begins with an assessment of the current state of the practice, using examples drawn from our experience at Schlumberger. It then sketches the possible evolution of technology and practice over a 10-year period. Along the way, we highlight ways in which AI technology, present and future, can be applied in knowledge management systems.
Reducing Layer 2 Handoff Latency in WLANs using Advanced Context Distribution

WLANs have experienced very fast deployment in both public and private areas over recent years. They provide nontrivial replacement for the complicated and high cost wired LANs. However, the Access Points that WLANs are build from do not have very wide coverage range (usually under 100m indoors). Consequently, many handoffs occur as the mobile host moves while accessing the network resources located at the distribution system. Unfortunately, these handoffs can disturb real time applications if they take too long (more than 50ms). In order to resolve this problem, this paper introduces a new mechanism for reducing handoff delay called Advanced Context Distribution (ACD). ACD is able to reduce re-association phase delay by eliminating Inter Access Point Protocol (IAPP) excess time consumed for transferring station context information from the old access point to the new associated access point (up to 40ms delay).
Axonal guidance and the development of muscle fiber-specific innervation in Drosophila embryos

The outgrowth of peripheral nerves and the development of muscle fiber- specific neuromuscular junctions were examined in Drosophila embryos using immunocytochemistry and computer-enhanced digital optical microscopy. We find that the pioneering of the peripheral nerves and the formation of the neuromuscular junctions occur through a precisely orchestrated sequence of stereotyped axonal trajectories, mediated by the selective growth cone choices of pioneer motoneurons. We have also examined the establishment of the embryonic muscle fibers and, using intracellular dye fills, have identified cells that are putative muscle pioneers. The muscle fibers of the bodywall have completed their morphogenesis prior to the initiation of synaptic contacts, and owing to the timing of neurite outgrowth from the CNS, synaptogenesis is synchronous at muscle fibers throughout the bodywall. At each muscle fiber the innervating axons make their initial contacts on a characteristic surface domain of the target cell's membrane. Through stereotyped growth cone-mediated trajectories the motoneurons actively establish the basic anatomical features of the mature neuromuscular junction, including the stereotyped, muscle fiber-specific branch anatomy. These events occur without significant process pruning or apparent synapse elimination. Our results suggest that the basic elements of the mature neuromuscular innervation, including the details of the ending trajectory on the target cell's surface, are formed by the precise navigation and presumed recognition by the motoneuron growth cones of muscle membrane surface features.
LIQUID DROPLET IN CONTACT WITH A SOLID SURFACE

A liquid droplet in contact with a solid surface was simulated by the molecular dynamics method, in order to study the microscopic aspects of the liquid - solid contact phenomena and phase-change heat transfer. Measured ''contact angle'' was well correlated by the depth of the integrated potential of the surface. The layered liquid structure near the surface was also explained with the integrated potential field. Furthermore, evaporation and condensation through the droplet were simulated by preparing two solid surfaces with temperature differences on the top and bottom of the calculation domain. Overall heat flux and temperature distributions of droplets were measured.
The impact of software design structure on product maintenance costs and measurement of economic benefits of product redesign

This paper reports results of an empirical study that aimed to demonstrate the link between software product design structure and engineers' effort to perform a code modification in the context of a corrective maintenance task. First, this paper reviews the current state of the art in engineering economics of the maintenance phase of software lifecycle. Secondly, a measure of software product complexity suitable to assess maintainability of a software system is developed. This measure is used to analyze the design structure change that happened between two versions of a mature software product. The product selected for this study underwent a significant re-design between two studied versions. Thirdly, an experiment is designed to measure the effort engineers spend designing a code modification associated with a corrective change request. These effort measurements are used to demonstrate the effect of product design complexity on engineers' productivity. It is asserted in the paper that engineer's productivity improvements have a significant economic value and can be used to justify investments into re-design of an existing software product. Thesis Advisor: Alan D. MacCormack Title: Visiting Associate Professor, Sloan School of Management Table of
Indeterminacy and Multiple ESSs in Evolutionary Theory

W henever conflicts of interest exist among individuals, the outcome cannot be predicted with certainty. This statement remains true when individual interests revolve around reproductive success. I admire MacDonald's article for stressing the indeterministic nature of human social institutions and for delving into the historical detail that will be required for a satisfactory account of socially imposed monogamy. It is important to stress that MacDonald's account is not an alternative to Alexander's (1979) and Betzig's (1986, 1993), but ruther embeds their accounts in a larger and more complex framework. I would like to show how indeterminacy can be incorporated into evolutionary theory and call attention to two important papers by Boyd and Richerson (1990, 1992) entitled "Group Selection among Alternative Evolutionarily Stable Strategies" and "Punishment Allows the Evolution of Cooperation (or Anything Else) in Sizable Groups. " The seeds of indeterminacy can be found in evolutionary game theory. Maynard Smith (1982) imagined two types of individuals that interact in pairs over resource items. "Doves" are prepared to share the items and do so with other doves. "Hawks" are prepared to fight for the items and therefore take them away from doves, but this means that they engage in damaging fights with other hawks. If these are the only two types in the population, then hawks either take over the population or evolve to a stable equilibrium frequency in which the benefits of stealing from doves are balanced by the costs of fighting with other hawks. The introduction of a third strategy called "Bourgeois" radically changes the situation. The Bourgeois strategy follows the rule, "Act like a hawk if you are the first to arrive at the resource, but act like a dove if you are the second to arrive. " If the cost of fighting exceeds the value of the resource item, the Bourgeois strategy can replace both hawks and doves, eliminating fighting from the population. Even though the Bourgeois who arrives first is prepared to fight, it never has to because the second comer is also a Bourgeois and will act like a dove.
The chemical basis of morphogenesis Universal Turing Machine

Concurrent algorithms and the memory bus have garnered improbable interest from both theorists and futurists in the last several years. In fact, few scholars would disagree with the refinement of multicast heuristics. In order to fulfill this objective, we present a framework for virtual technology (Puck), confirming that lambda calculus can be made wearable, selflearning, and unstable.
An oculomotor continuum from exploration to fixation

During visual exploration, saccadic eye movements scan the scene for objects of interest. During attempted fixation, the eyes are relatively still but often produce microsaccades. Saccadic rates during exploration are higher than those of microsaccades during fixation, reinforcing the classic view that exploration and fixation are two distinct oculomotor behaviors. An alternative model is that fixation and exploration are not dichotomous, but are instead two extremes of a functional continuum. Here, we measured the eye movements of human observers as they either fixed their gaze on a small spot or scanned natural scenes of varying sizes. As scene size diminished, so did saccade rates, until they were continuous with microsaccadic rates during fixation. Other saccadic properties varied as function of image size as well, forming a continuum with microsaccadic parameters during fixation. This saccadic continuum extended to nonrestrictive, ecological viewing conditions that allowed all types of saccades and fixation positions. Eye movement simulations moreover showed that a single model of oculomotor behavior can explain the saccadic continuum from exploration to fixation, for images of all sizes. These findings challenge the view that exploration and fixation are dichotomous, suggesting instead that visual fixation is functionally equivalent to visual exploration on a spatially focused scale.
Effects of total replacement of atrial myosin light chain-2 with the ventricular isoform in atrial myocytes of transgenic mice.

BACKGROUND In contrast to their well-known and critical role in excitation-contraction coupling of vascular smooth muscle, the effects of the myosin light chains on cardiomyocyte mechanics are poorly understood. Accordingly, we designed the present experiment to define the cardiac chamber-specific functional effects of the ventricular isoform of the regulatory myosin light chain (MLC2v). METHODS AND RESULTS Postnatal transgenic cardiac-specific overexpression of MLC2v was achieved by use of the alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Enzymatically disaggregated atrial and ventricular mouse myocytes were field-stimulated at multiple frequencies, and mechanical properties and calcium kinetics were studied by use of video edge detection and FURA 2-AM, respectively. MLC2v overexpression resulted in complete replacement of the atrial with the ventricular isoform of the regulatory myosin light chain at the steady-state mRNA and protein levels in the atria of transgenic mice. Mechanical properties of transgenic atrial myocytes were enhanced to the level of ventricular myocytes of control animals in association with modest decreases in the amplitude of the calcium transient. CONCLUSIONS MLC2v modulates chamber-specific contractility by enhanced calcium sensitivity and/or improved cross-bridge cycling of the thin and thick filaments of the cardiomyocyte.
Controlling retinal pigment epithelium injury after experimental detachment of the retina.

PURPOSE Damage induced by detachment of the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) can be reduced by dark adaptation. The authors evaluated the influence of the duration of dark adaptation, time of day, and modification of the melatonin-dopamine pathway on acute RPE lesions induced by mechanical detachment. METHODS BALB/c mice were studied at different times of day and different periods of dark adaptation. Some mice were treated with melatonin or sulpiride, a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist. Enucleated eyes and different saline solutions were used in experiments ex vivo. Retinal detachments in vivo were made by subretinal injections of hyaluronic acid. RPE cell damage was quantitatively evaluated with a dye exclusion procedure, and their viability was tested by preservation of tight junctions in culture. Lectin histochemistry was used to examine the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). RESULTS Significant propidium iodide (PI) incorporation in RPE cells was detected after ex vivo separation during daytime, but it was very low when detachment took place at night after 24 to 48 hours of dark adaptation. PI exclusion was achieved during daytime after a single hour of dark adaptation when mice were pretreated with melatonin or sulpiride. Reduction of RPE cell damage was accompanied by decreased lectin binding to cone sheaths. CONCLUSIONS A combination of time of day and length of dark adaptation decreased damage induced by detachment of the retina ex vivo and in vivo. Melatonin or sulpiride could replace these environmental factors. Therefore, melatonin and dopamine pathways might be involved in the control of IPM properties and retina/RPE interactions.
Trends in Macrolide Resistance for Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pneumoniae and its Association with Social Clustering in Argentina

The aim of this work was to study and compare macrolide resistance patterns among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pyogenes, to describe the phenotypes of macrolide-lincosamide resistance and to further investigate associations between macrolide resistance and social clustering. Susceptibility data were obtained from 4 clinical microbiology laboratories in Bariloche, Argentina for the period 2002- 2008. Patients were differentiated in two population clusters according to the institution they attended (public or private). A total of 4310 strains were studied: 2615 S. pyogenes, 995 S. agalactiae and 700 isolates of S.pneumoniae. Erythromycin resistance rates over the study period were 1.5% for S. pyogenes, 7.8% for S. agalactiae and 11.3% for S. pneumoniae. For the complete study group, these values differed significantly among species (contingency table ￻ 2 = 164.52, p<0.0001). Resistance in S.pyogenes and S. pneumoniae showed irregular trends whilst S. agalactiae showed an increasing tendency during the whole period appearing to be a better indicator of the trends in macrolide resistance. A dual character MLSB phenotype of both inducible and constitutive resistance was observed in S. agalactiae only. Resistance in isolates from the population attending private institutions was significantly higher than those attending the public hospital (S. pyogenes, (1.9 vs. 0.6, ￻ 2 = 5.851, p<0.025); S. pneumoniae, 19.1 vs. 7.0 (￻ 2 = 21.98, p<0.001), and. S. agalactiae, 12.4 vs. 3.8 (￻ 2 = 24.5, p<0.001)). In conclusion, macrolides resistance rates during 2002-2008 were significantly different for S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae and S.pneumoniae. We also found significant variations in macrolide resistance levels in different population groups.
On Resolving Ambiguities in Arbitrary-Shape extraction by the Hough Transform

The Hough transform extracts a shape by gathering evidence obtained by mapping points from the image space into a parameter space. In this process, wrong evidence is generated from image points that do not correspond to the model shape. In this paper, we show that significant wrong evidence can be generated when the Hough Transform is used to extract arbitrary shapes under rigid transformations. In order to reduce the wrong evidence, we consider two types of constraints. First, we define constraints by considering invariant features. Secondly, we consider constraints defined via a gradient direction information. Our results show that these constraints can significantly improve the gathering strategy, leading to identification of the correct parameters. The presented formulation is valid for any rigid transformations represented by affine mappings.
Thermal-aware load balancing in a server rack

Cooling availability of data centers has drawn considerable attention from academia. This paper considers temperature control of a cluster of servers with different inlet air temperatures. A rule-based control approach and a model predictive control approach are proposed to find the optimal load distribution, which can lower the outlet air temperature of servers. Web request traces of WorldCup 98 are used as workload in the simulation. The simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategies achieved significant drops in temperature than that of other competitors.
Stabilizing moduli with a positive cosmological constant in heterotic M-theory

It is shown that strongly coupled heterotic M-theory with anti-five-branes in the S1/2 bulk space can have meta-stable vacua which break N = 1 supersymmetry and have a small, positive cosmological constant. This is demonstrated for the ``minimal'' heterotic standard model. This vacuum has the exact MSSM matter spectrum in the observable sector, a trivial hidden sector vector bundle and both five-branes and anti-five-branes in the bulk space. The K? hler moduli for which the cosmological constant has phenomenologically acceptable values are shown to also render the observable sector vector bundle slope-stable. A corollary of this result is that strongly coupled M-theory vacua with only five-branes in the S1/2 interval may have stabilized moduli, but at a supersymmetry preserving minimum with a large, negative cosmological constant.
Privacy-utility tradeoff under statistical uncertainty

We focus on the privacy-accuracy tradeoff encountered by a user who wishes to release some data to an analyst, that is correlated with his private data, in the hope of receiving some utility. We rely on a general statistical inference framework, under which data is distorted before its release, according to a probabilistic privacy mechanism designed under utility constraints. Using recent results on maximal correlation and hyper-contractivity of Markov processes, we first propose novel techniques to design utility-aware privacy mechanisms against inference attacks, when only partial statistical knowledge of the prior distribution linking private data and data to be released is available. We then propose optimal privacy mechanisms in the class of additive noise mechanisms, for both continuous and discrete released data, whose design requires only knowledge of second-order moments of the data to be released. We then turn our attention to multi-agent systems, where multiple data releases occur, and use tensorization results of maximal correlation to analyze how privacy guarantees compose after collusion or composition. Finally, we show the relationship between different existing privacy metrics, in particular divergence privacy, and differential privacy.