Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S-nitrosothiol signalling is involved in regulating hydrogen peroxide metabolism of zinc-stressed Arabidopsis

5 Accumulation of heavy metals like zinc (Zn) disturbs reactive oxygen (e.g. hydrogen 6 peroxide, H 2 O 2 ) and nitrogen species (e.g. nitric oxide, NO; S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO) 7 metabolism in plant cells; although, their signal interactions are not well understood. 8 Therefore, this study examines the interplay between H 2 O 2 metabolism and GSNO signalling 9 in Arabidopsis . Comparing the Zn tolerance of the wild-type (WT), GSNO reductase 10 (GSNOR) overexpressor 35S::FLAG-GSNOR1 and GSNOR-deficient gsnor1-3 , we observed 11 relative Zn tolerance of gsnor1-3 which was not accompanied by altered Zn accumulation 12 capacity. Moreover, in gsnor1-3 plants Zn did not induce NO/S-nitrosothiol (SNO) signalling 13 possibly due to the enhanced activity of NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase. In WT and 14 35S::FLAG-GSNOR1 , GSNOR was inactivated by Zn and Zn-induced H 2 O 2 is directly 15 involved in GSNOR activity loss. In WT seedlings, Zn resulted in slight intensification of 16 protein nitration detected by western blot and protein S-nitrosation observed by resin assisted 17 capture of SNO proteins (RSNO-RAC). LC-MS/MS analyses indicate that Zn induces the S- 18 nitrosation of ascorbate peroxidase 1. Our data collectively show that Zn-induced H 2 O 2 may 19 influence its own level which involves GSNOR inactivation-triggered SNO signalling. These 20 data provide new evidence for the interplay between H 2 O 2 and SNO signalling in Arabidopsis 21 plants affected by metal stress.
Carbon reservoir changes preceded major ice-sheet expansion at the mid-Brunhes event

The beginning of the mid-Brunhes event ca. 430 ka coincided with the largest-amplitude change in d 18 O in the global ocean over the past 6 m.y. This large d 18 O change recorded a major ice-sheet expansion that cannot be explained by small changes in orbital forcing. Our recent studies at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1143 from the South China Sea show that this large d 18 O change was preceded by a significant negative d 13 C shift. A global survey of long deep-sea records has revealed periodic d 13 Cmax episodes (i.e., maximum positive values of d 13 C), and both major ice-sheet expansion events in the Pleistocene (the mid-Brunhes event and the middle Pleistocene revolution) were preceded by d 13 Cmax ep- isodes followed by negative d 13 C shifts. This new finding suggests that disturbance in carbon reservoirs leads to major growth of ice-sheet size and challenges the prevalent concept of Arctic control of glacial cycles. Because Earth is now passing again through a d 13 Cmax episode, it is crucial to understand the causal relationship between the successive d 13 C changes and ice-sheet growth events.
Ground-based studies of ionospheric convection associated with substorm expansion

The instantaneous patterns of electric fields and currents in the high-latitude ionosphere are deduced by combining satellite and radar measurements of the ionospheric drift velocity, along with ground-based magnetometer observations for October 25, 1981. For this purpose, an updated version of the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics technique has been used. These global patterns are unobtainable from any single data set. The period under study was characterized by a relatively stable southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), so that the obtained electric field patterns do reflect, in general, the state of sustained and enhanced plasma convection in the magnetosphere. During one of the satellite passes, however, an intense westward electrojet caused by a substorm intruded into the satellite (DE 2) and radar (Chatanika, Alaska) field of view in the premidnight sector, providing a unique opportunity to differentiate the enhanced convection and substorm expansion fields. The distributions of the calculated electric potential for the expansion and maximum phases of the substorm show the first clear evidence of the coexistence of two physically different systems in the global convection pattern. The changes in the convection pattern during the substorm indicate that the large-scale potential distributions are indeed of general two-cell patterns representing themore » southward IMF status, but the night-morning cell has two positive peaks, one in the midnight sector and the other in the late morning hours, corresponding to the substorm expansion and the convection enhancement, respectively. 40 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab. « less
Rates and Determinants of Repeated Participation in a Web-Based Behavior Change Program for Healthy Body Weight and Healthy Lifestyle (e1)

The Institute of Medicine defines a good death a “one that is free from avoidable death and suffering for patients, families and caregivers in general accordance with the patients’ and families’ wishes. ”. The current system creates barriers to reducing the stress and suffering that accompany a patient’s end of life. Data and eHealth technology, if it were more accessible, could help patients, families, and caregivers to cope with end of life issues. (J Med Internet Res 2007;9(1):e6) doi:10.2196/jmir.9. 1.e6
An ozone climatology based on ozonesonde and satellite measurements

An ozone climatology is presented, based entirely on ozone observations over the target period 1980–1991. The climatology gives zonal mean ozone values, as well as the corresponding interannual standard deviation, for 17 zonal bands (80°S–S0°N) at 19 pressure levels (1000–0.3 hPa), for each month of the year. It is intended mainly for climate simulations with general circulation models (GCMs). For the troposphere and lower stratosphere (1000–10 hPa) the climatology is compiled from ozonesonde observations of 30 ozonesonde stations located around the world. To account for tropospheric longitudinal variability within a zonal band, a data set giving tropospheric total ozone values between 50°S and 50°N is used. For stations within this latitude range the tropospheric profile is scaled with a factor derived from this data set to make it more representative of the zonal mean. Consequently, the corrected profiles of the individual stations are combined within each zonal band, using weighted averaging. These zonal profiles are then attached to zonal monthly mean SBUV-SBUV/2 (solar backscattered ultraviolet) observations in the stratosphere (30–0.3 hPa). Three overlap layers, at 30, 20, and 10 hPa, give an indication of how well these two data sets match. Where possible, the integral of the combined ozone profiles is made consistent with total ozone mapping (TOMS) profiles, by applying a correction factor to the ozonesonde part of the profile, derived from TOMS minus the integrated SBUV-SBUV/2 profile. The resulting climatology is compared with three other ozone climatologies: the predecessor of this one, a climatology compiled by the State University of New York, and a climatology used in the GCM at the Max Planck Institute in Hamburg, Germany. Apparent improvements are better consistent with TOMS (compared with the first climatology) and more realistic ozone values in the tropics and polar regions (compared with the first and second climatologies). There is an overall strong improvement compared with the third climatology, which was generated from an analytical formula and old ozone observations in the 1970s. A unique further advantage of the current climatology is the accompanying standard deviation climatology, giving an indication of the natural variability and reliability of the mean ozone values.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of dilute red blood cell suspensions in a microchannel flow at low Reynolds number

Microfluidic technologies are commonly used for the manipulation of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions and analyses of flow-mediated biomechanics. To enhance the performance of microfluidic devices, understanding the dynamics of the suspensions processed within is crucial. We report novel aspects of the spatio-temporal dynamics of RBC suspensions flowing through a typical microchannel at low Reynolds number. Through experiments with dilute RBC suspensions, we find an off-centre two-peak (OCTP) profile of cells contrary to the centralised distribution commonly reported for low-inertia flows. This is reminiscent of the well-known "tubular pinch effect" which arises from inertial effects. However, given the conditions of negligible inertia in our experiments, an alternative explanation is needed for this OCTP profile. Our massively-parallel simulations of RBC flow in real-size microfluidic dimensions using the immersed-boundary-lattice-Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) confirm the experimental findings and elucidate the underlying mechanism for the counterintuitive RBC pattern. By analysing the RBC migration and cell-free layer (CFL) development within a high-aspect-ratio channel, we show that such a distribution is co-determined by the spatial decay of hydrodynamic lift and the global deficiency of cell dispersion in dilute suspensions. We find a CFL development length greater than 46 and 28 hydraulic diameters in the experiment and simulation, respectively, exceeding typical lengths of microfluidic designs. Our work highlights the key role of transient cell distribution in dilute suspensions, which may negatively affect the reliability of experimental results if not taken into account.
Functional link between bone morphogenetic proteins and insulin-like peptide 3 signaling in modulating ovarian androgen

, Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are ﬁ rmly implicated as intraovarian regulators of follicle development and steroidogenesis. Here we report a microarray analysis showing that treatment of cultured bovine theca cells (TC) with BMP6 signi ﬁ cantly ( > twofold; P < 0.01) up- or down-regulated expression of 445 genes. Insulin-like peptide 3 ( INSL3 ) was the most heavily down-regulated gene ( − 43-fold) with cytochrome P450, subfamily XVII ( CYP17A1 ) and other key steroidogenic transcripts including s teroidogenic acute regulatory protein ( STAR ), cytochrome P450 family 11, subfamily A1 ( CYP11A1 ) and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ( HSD3B1 ) also down-regulated. BMP6 also reduced expression of nuclear receptor sub- family 5A1 ( NR5A1 ) known to target the promoter regions of the aforementioned genes. Real-time PCR con ﬁ rmed these ﬁ ndings and also revealed a marked reduction in expression of INSL3 receptor, relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 ( RXFP2 ). Secretion of INSL3 protein and androstenedione were also suppressed suggest- ing a functional link between BMP and INSL3 pathways in control-ling androgen synthesis. RNAi-mediated knockdown of INSL3 reduced INSL3 mRNA (75%) and protein (94%) level and elicited a 77% reduction in CYP17A1 mRNA and 83% reduction in androstenedione secretion. Knockdown of RXFP2 also reduced CYP17A1 expression (81%) and androstenedione secretion (88%). Conversely, treatment with exogenous (human) INSL3 increased androstenedione secretion ∼ twofold. The CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone abolished androgen secretion and reduced expression of both INSL3 and RXFP2 . Collectively, these ﬁ ndings indicate a positive autoregulatory role for INSL3 signaling in maintaining thecal androgen production, and visa versa . Moreover, BMP6-induced suppression of thecal androgen synthesis may be mediated, at least in part, by reduced INSL3-RXFP2 signaling.
Serum microRNA Signature Predicts Response to High-dose Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose—While efforts to improve control of locally-advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by escalating radiation dose in unselected patients have been unsuccessful, we hypothesized that a subset of patients may derive benefit. Circulating serum microRNAs (cmiRNAs) have shown promise as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We assessed the utility of c-miRNAs to predict response to high-dose radiotherapy. Methods and Materials—Data from 80 patients treated from 2004 to 2013 with definitive standardor high-dose radiotherapy for stages II-III NSCLC as part of four prospective institutional clinical trials were evaluated. Pretreatment serum levels of 62 miRNAs were measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction array. We combined Corresponding Author: Shruti Jolly, University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, UH B2 C490 SPC 5010, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, (734) 936-7810, shrutij@med.umich.edu. *These two authors contributed equally to the manuscript. **These two authors contributed equally to the manuscript. Authors Responsible for Statistical analysis, Yilun Sun, University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Matthew Schipper (senior statistician), University of Michigan, Departments of Radiation Oncology and Biostatistics, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, (734) 232-1076, mjschipp@umich.edu Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 January 01. Published in final edited form as: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 January 01; 100(1): 107–114. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp. 2017.08. 039. A uhor M anscript
Interregional causal influences of brain metabolic activity reveal the spread of aging effects during normal aging

During healthy brain aging, different brain regions show anatomical or functional declines at different rates, and some regions may show compensatory increases in functional activity. However, few studies have explored interregional influences of brain activity during the aging process. We proposed a causality analysis framework combining high dimensionality independent component analysis (ICA), Granger causality, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression on longitudinal brain metabolic activity data measured by Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG–PET). We analyzed FDG–PET images from healthy old subjects, who were scanned for at least five sessions with an averaged intersession interval of 1 year. The longitudinal data were concatenated across subjects to form a time series, and the first‐order autoregressive model was used to measure interregional causality among the independent sources of metabolic activity identified using ICA. Several independent sources with reduced metabolic activity in aging, including the anterior temporal lobe and orbital frontal cortex, demonstrated causal influences over many widespread brain regions. On the other hand, the influenced regions were more distributed, and had smaller age‐related declines or even relatively increased metabolic activity. The current data demonstrated interregional spreads of aging on metabolic activity at the scale of a year, and have identified key brain regions in the aging process that have strong influences over other regions.
Quantitative analysis of suspended sediment in the Yangtze River estuary from MODIS images

Spatial and temporal distributions of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) are greatly important for analyzing the deposition and erosion variety of estuaries and evaluating the fluxes from river to sea. A model based on data in situ measurements for estimating concentration of the suspended sediment with MODIS band 2 images are developed by taking Yangtze River estuary as an experimental site in this study. Numerous field spectral measurements are carried out in the Yangtze River estuary, and SSC are obtained concurrently. By analyzing the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) and SSC, we observed that Rrs increases with SSC and their correlation coefficient is beyond 0.8 at near-infrared wavelengths (750-900nm). A linear relationship was established between SSC and Rrs at 858.5nm wavelength (the middle point of 841-876nm wavelength). Compared to MODIS band 15, 16, 17 (resolution of 1km) data, the MODIS band 2 (resolution of 250m) data is suitable to detect the horizontal distribution of suspended sediment in narrow estuaries because of relatively high spatial resolution. The linear function is applied to corrected MODIS Terra band 2 data. As a result, the horizontal distribution of SSC is retrieved in the Yangtze River estuary. This study demonstrates MODIS band 2 (250m) data provides data well suited for the study of suspended sediment in dynamic estuarine waters.
The role played by environmental education in the secondary school geography syllabus in a future South Africa.

The primary aim of this study is to attempt to examine the role to be played by Environmental Education (E.E.) in the secondary school Geography syllabus in a future South Africa. At the present time and since the commencement of this study new interim syllabi have been formulated for Standard 2-7. Interim syllabi for Standards 8 10 have not been formulated and a decision has been made by the National Department of Education to continue using the existing syllabi until the year 2001 when the existing matriculation examination will fall away. It is the intention of the educational authorities to have all interim syllabi operational in the country's schools by 1996 at the latest with the first unified provincial education department examinations for Standard 10 to be written at the end of 1996. The process of formulating completely new curricula and syllabi for all subjects and standards has already begun. This process will be a lengthy one and could take up to 5 years or more to complete. This study should be seen as a contribution to the deliberations which must inevitably occur before completely new curricula and syllabi are formulated. The qualitative nature of most of the study as well as the empirical study described in Chapter Eight allow for ideas and suggestions on the incorporation of E.E. in the new syllabus as well as pointers to be made on what should constitute the new syllabus. The ideas and suggestions forwarded have been based on a fairly extensive review of current literature in the field as well as on the author's eighteen years of teaching and lecturing experience and membership of various educational conunittees involved in syllabus formulation. Besides a review of current literature in the fields of Geographical Education, E.E. , Development Education, Sustainability, Education for Sustainable living and Syllabus Formulation, chapters in this study will deal.with the current position of E.E. in South Africa as well as in the education system, the position of E.E. in the current secondary school Geography syllabi in South Africa, the position of E.E. in the current secondary school Geography Syllabi in a selected number of other countries, including a fairly detailed examination of the position in selected African countries. A background scenario is then provided to the formulation of a new secondary school Geography syllabus in South Africa
Stress-induced Changes in the Arabidopsis Thaliana Transcriptome Analyzed Using Whole-genome Tiling Arrays

SUMMARY The responses of plants to abiotic stresses are accompanied by massive changes in transcriptome composition. To provide a comprehensive view of stress-induced changes in the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome, we have used whole-genome tiling arrays to analyze the effects of salt, osmotic, cold and heat stress as well as application of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), an important mediator of stress responses. Among annotated genes in the reference strain Columbia we have found many stress-responsive genes, including several transcription factor genes as well as pseudogenes and transposons that have been missed in previous analyses with standard expression arrays. In addition, we report hundreds of newly identified, stress-induced transcribed regions. These often overlap with known, annotated genes. The results are accessible through the Arabidopsis thaliana Tiling Array Express (At-TAX) homepage, which provides convenient tools for displaying expression values of annotated genes, as well as visualization of unannotated transcribed regions along each chromosome.
Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy Treated with Vitrectomy, Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling, and Gas Tamponade: A Report of Two Cases

We read with interest the article by Georgalas et al (1). The authors presented the successful management of two cases of optic disc maculopathy, a rare and difficult-to-treat condition. They performed pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and gas tamponade to treat the condition. The maculae could not be flattened intraoperatively. Both cases took “a few months for complete resolution of intraretinal and subretinal fluid. ” This persistence of macular detachment might lead to permanent structural damage (2). An attempt should be made to flatten the macula intraoperatively. It has been reported that there is communication between vitreous cavity and submacular space (3). Therefore, drainage of subretinal fluid can be performed safely after fluid–air exchange through the optic disc pit. Al Sabti et al (4) have shown in three of their cases that drainage of subretinal fluid (SRF) through optic disc pit flattens macula intraoperatively. They applied Tisseel fibrin sealant to the optic disc pit to seal it. Closure of the pit was evident on optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve head. Internal drainage of SRF and subsequent application of sealant ensured intraoperative attachment of maculae and prevented redetachment. Macula in this condition has been shown to have cystic degeneration and schisis (5). This makes it prone to develop macular hole. This must be kept in mind while performing ILM peeling in such cases. We agree with the authors that large-series studies remain a challenge due to the rarity of cases of optic disc pit– associated maculopathy. Pooling of cases from different centers may provide the best solution to rare diseases like optic disc pit–associated maculopathy.
Association of complemen t C3d receptor 2 genotypes with the acquisition of HIV infection in a trial of recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine

ISS Objectives: Complement C3d receptor 2 (CR2) is the main receptor for complement protein C3d and plays an important role in adaptive immune responses. CR2 genetic variants are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus as well as to HIV-1 infection. In addition, CR2 function can be subverted by HIV-1 for an efficient entry into target cells; in a process known as antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. We sought to determine the association between CR2 gene variants with HIV1 acquisition after vaccination with recombinant gp120 protein (Vax004 clinical trial).