Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Frame Super-Resolution Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Diffusion Tensor Regularization Term

This paper presents a multi-frame super-resolution (SR) reconstruction algorithm based on diffusion tensor regularization term. Firstly, L1-norm structure is used as data fidelity term, anisotropic diffusion equation with directional smooth characteristics is introduced as a prior knowledge to optimize reconstruction result. Secondly, combined with shock filter, SR reconstruction energy functional is established. Finally, Euler-Lagrange equation based on nonlinear diffusion model is exported. Simulation results validate that the proposed algorithm enhances image edges and suppresses noise effectively, which proves better robustness.
A New Approach for Gastrointestinal Tract Findings Detection and Classification: Deep Learning-Based Hybrid Stacking Ensemble Models

Endoscopic procedures for diagnosing gastrointestinal tract findings depend on specialist experience and inter-observer variability. This variability can cause minor lesions to be missed and prevent early diagnosis. In this study, deep learning-based hybrid stacking ensemble modeling has been proposed for detecting and classifying gastrointestinal system findings, aiming at early diagnosis with high accuracy and sensitive measurements and saving workload to help the specialist and objectivity in endoscopic diagnosis. In the first level of the proposed bi-level stacking ensemble approach, predictions are obtained by applying 5-fold cross-validation to three new CNN models. A machine learning classifier selected at the second level is trained according to the obtained predictions, and the final classification result is reached. The performances of the stacking models were compared with the performances of the deep learning models, and McNemar’s statistical test was applied to support the results. According to the experimental results, stacking ensemble models performed with a significant difference with 98.42% ACC and 98.19% MCC in the KvasirV2 dataset and 98.53% ACC and 98.39% MCC in the HyperKvasir dataset. This study is the first to offer a new learning-oriented approach that efficiently evaluates CNN features and provides objective and reliable results with statistical testing compared to state-of-the-art studies on the subject. The proposed approach improves the performance of deep learning models and outperforms the state-of-the-art studies in the literature.
Research on the Multi-scale Fuzzy Entropy based on Index Energy

In order to improve the accuracy of feature extraction, a Multi-scale Fuzzy Entropy algorithm is proposed based on Entropy theory. The new algorithm combines the concept of Fuzzy Entropy and Multi-scale Entropy. Aimed at the shortage of Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Index Energy is selected as evaluation index, and a new feature extraction method is designed to dispose vibration signal. Experiment shows that the new method can effectively distinguish different condition of rotor vibration signal and can significantly improve the effect of feature extraction.
Antifungal Properties of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Functionalized with Nystatin for the Inhibition of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation

In the present study, biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been prepared using Paenibacillus terreus and functionalized with nystatin (SeNP@PVP_Nystatin nanoconjugates) for inhibiting growth, morphogenesis, and a biofilm in Candida albicans. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy analysis has shown a characteristic absorption at 289, 303, and 318 nm, and X-ray diffraction analysis has shown characteristic peaks at different 2θ values for SeNPs. Electron microscopy analysis has shown that biogenic SeNPs are spherical in shape with a size in the range of 220–240 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has confirmed the functionalization of nystatin on SeNPs (formation of SeNP@PVP_Nystatin nanoconjugates), and the zeta potential has confirmed the negative charge on the nanoconjugates. Biogenic SeNPs are inactive; however, nanoconjugates have shown antifungal activities on C. albicans (inhibited growth, morphogenesis, and a biofilm). The molecular mechanism for the action of nanoconjugates via a real-time polymerase chain reaction has shown that genes involved in the RAS/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway play an important role in antifungal activity. In cytotoxic studies, nanoconjugates have inhibited only 12% growth of the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 cells, indicating that the nanocomposites are not cytotoxic. Thus, the biogenic SeNPs produced by P. terreus can be used as innovative and effective drug carriers to increase the antifungal activity of nystatin.
Investigation of core loss in PM micro-motor made using MIM technology

Research has been conducted into the effects of particle size on the core losses of soft magnetic materials. Various types of micro PM BLDC motors, produced with solid hog-out alloy steel, laminated alloy steel and Metal Injection Molding (MIM) alloy steel powders have been studied. The results show that the core loss of micro PM BLDC motors made by the MIM technique is in the acceptable level when compared with the laminated core motor.
Bioassay Interpretation and Dosimetry Using Specific Absorption Parameters for UO2 and U3O8

The impacts of the use of specific absorption parameters for UO2 and U 3 O 8 on bioassay interpretation and dosimetry after inhalation of these uranium compounds were evaluated. Calculations of activities in body organs and excreta after an acute intake of uranium compounds are compared with the corresponding calculations using standard default absorption parameters using the ICRP 66 respiratory tract model and the uranium systemic model of ICRP Publication 69. Committed effective doses obtained from thoracic measurements and daily urinary excretion of uranium are also evaluated and compared.
Conformational Analysis of Charged Homo-Polypeptides

Many proteins have intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), which are often characterized by a high fraction of charged residues with polyampholytic (i.e., mixed charge) or polyelectrolytic (i.e., uniform charge) characteristics. Polyelectrolytic IDRs include consecutive positively charged Lys or Arg residues (K/R repeats) or consecutive negatively charged Asp or Glu residues (D/E repeats). In previous research, D/E repeats were found to be about five times longer than K/R repeats and to be much more common in eukaryotes. Within these repeats, a preference is often observed for E over D and for K over R. To understand the greater prevalence of D/E over K/R repeats and the higher abundance of E and K, we simulated the conformational ensemble of charged homo-polypeptides (polyK, polyR, polyD, and polyE) using molecular dynamics simulations. The conformational preferences and dynamics of these polyelectrolytic polypeptides change with changes in salt concentration. In particular, polyD and polyE are more sensitive to salt than polyK and polyR, as polyD and polyE tend to adsorb more divalent cations, which leads to their having more compact conformations. We conclude with a discussion of biophysical explanations for the relative abundance of charged amino acids and particularly for the greater abundance of D/E repeats over K/R repeats.
Assessing Learner Engagement and the Impact on Academic Performance within a Virtual Learning Environment

Background: The objective of this pilot study was to examine student engagement with weekly self-paced learning materials in a virtual therapeutics course, and how sub-factors in the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) may have influenced academic performance. Methods: Students within a diabetes module of a therapeutics course were provided with weekly asynchronous optional self-directed learning activities. Student submissions, on-time rates, self-reported weekly study time, and exam performance were collected. Students completed the MSLQ at the completion of the study. Data was evaluated using various correlation analyses to determine the predictive ability of the MSLQ and its 5 subscales. Results: In total, 173 students completed the study. Students’ self-efficacy score on the MSLQ subscale and case submission on-time rate have the strongest positive correlation with the exam score, while the test anxiety as reported on the MSLQ test anxiety subscale had the strongest negative correlation with the exam score. Conclusions: Study results proved the MSLQ to be an effective predictive tool in students’ self-regulation skills. Results can be used to develop intentional interventions aimed at improving self-regulation skills while providing opportunities to enhance student learning.
Multi-messenger observations of Tidal Disruption Events

Using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and other observatories, we have identified three candidate Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) in spatial and temporal coincidence with high-energy neutrinos detected by IceCube: AT2019dsg, AT2019fdr and AT2019aalc. All three of these events have been shown to be able to produce high-energy neutrinos. In these proceedings, I will give an overview of Tidal Disruption Events, outline our follow-up program with ZTF, describe the observations carried out for each of those coincident events and highlight their similarities and differences.
Three-dimensional mapping of polarization profiles with thermal pulses

High-resolution, large-area three-dimensional mapping of polarization profiles in electret polymers was carried out by means of a fast thermal pulse technique with a focused laser beam. A lateral resolution of 38 μm and a near-surface depth resolution of less than 0.5 μm was achieved. At larger depths, fast thermal diffusion in the metal electrode rather than the laser spot size becomes the limiting factor for the lateral resolution.
Exploring the role of Sichuan Baoning vinegar microbiota and the association with volatile flavor compounds at different fermentation depths

Cereal vinegar is usually produced through solid-state fermentation, and the microbial community plays an important role in fermentation. In this study, the composition and function of Sichuan Baoning vinegar microbiota at different fermentation depths were evaluated by high-throughput sequencing combined with PICRUSt and FUNGuild analysis, and variations in volatile flavor compounds were also determined. The results revealed that no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in both total acid content and pH of vinegar Pei collected on the same day with different depths. There were significant differences between the bacterial community of samples from the same day with different depths at both phylum and genus levels (p < 0.05), however, no obvious difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the fungal community. PICRUSt analysis indicated that fermentation depth affected the function of microbiota, meanwhile, FUNGuild analysis showed that there were variations in the abundance of trophic mode. Additionally, differences in volatile flavor compounds were observed in samples from the same day with different depths, and significant correlations between microbial community and volatile flavor compounds were observed. The present study provides insights into the composition and function of microbiota at different depths in cereal vinegar fermentation and quality control of vinegar products.
Improved LMS Adaptive Algorithm and its Application of Time Delay Estimation in Power Plant

Time delay estimation plays an important role in accuracy of leakage location in industrial boiler furnace. Considering about interference, like strong background noise, reverberation and so on, in boiler furnace, the LMS (least mean square) adaptive filter algorithm should be improved to meet certain environment above . In order to makes the LMS algorithm have the characteristic of fast convergence and small steady state error, an improved, power-normalized and variable step-size discrete cosine transform LMS algorithm is proposed, which combines the power-normalized discrete cosine transform LMS algorithm with the variable step size LMS algorithm that uses sliding forgetting-weighted window . The time delay estimation simulation in the strong-noise environment verifies the improved DCT-MVSS LMS algorithm can achieve good performance.
Revisiting the Fourth-Grade Slump among Black Children

Nearly 30 years ago, Chall, Jacobs, and Baldwin introduced the fourth-grade slump to describe the unexpected deceleration of reading skills between first and fourth grades among children growing up in poverty and low-income households. Advances in our understanding of reading development and how race, racism, or other forms of discrimination are implicated in student achievement encourage another look at the slump among Black children. We reexamined the slump in a cross-sectional, heterogeneous sample (n = 757) of typically developing, Black children (ages 6–11 years old), most of whom were growing up in low-income households. As in the original study, we observed a downward trend in word reading and reading comprehension skills between first and fourth grades. However, unlike the original study, children demonstrated relatively weaker performance on oral language measures at each grade level. Implications for studying oral language and reading in Black children are discussed.
The impact of the relaxation of the One-Child Policy on employment

This paper examines how number of siblings affects employment under the relaxation of the One-Child Policy in China. We explore the One-and-A-Half-Child Policy in 1980s and examine its long-term impact on siblings and employment. With the data from 2010–2018 China Family Panel Studies, we find that individuals tend to have a larger number of siblings and have a higher probability of working in the places where the One-and-A-Half-Child Policy was implemented earlier. Using the degree of the impact of this policy as an instrumental variable for number of siblings, we find that one more sibling would increase the likelihood of working by 9.0 percentage points and increase the likelihood of working in the non-agricultural sector by 5.1 percentage points. Females are more affected by the relaxation than males. We also discuss the major mechanisms through which siblings affect employment. We find that the care-sharing effect of siblings increases labor supply and the social network effect of siblings brings more job opportunities and increases employment. The One-and-A-Half-Child Policy improves the labor market outcomes through both the channel of sharing care and the channel of social network.
Directly exfoliated and imprinted graphite nano-particle saturable absorber for passive mode-locking erbium-doped fiber laser

By directly brushing and scribing an ultra-thin (< 5-μm thick) polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film on one end-face of a FC/APC connector in erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL), and then imprinting it with the graphite nano-particles exfoliated from a graphite foil, the intra-cavity graphite nano-particle based saturable absorber can be formed to induce passive mode-locking effect in the EDFL. Such a novel approach greatly suppresses the film-thickness induced laser-beam divergent loss to 3.4%, thus enhancing the intra-cavity circulating power to promote the shortening on mode-locking pulsewidth. The saturable absorber with area coverage ratio of graphite nano-particles is detuned from 70 to 25% to provide the modulation depth enhancing from 11 to 20% and the saturated transmittance from 27 to 60%. Optimizing the coverage ratio reduces the non-saturable loss to 40% and enhances the modulation depth to 21%, such that the sub-ps soliton mode-locking can be initiated to provide a chirped pulsewidth of 482 fs and a linewidth of 2.87 nm.
Effect of AISI H13 Steel Substrate Nitriding on AlCrN, ZrN, TiSiN, and TiCrN Multilayer PVD Coatings Wear and Friction Behaviors at a Different Temperature Level

Moving components of industrial machines and tools are subjected to wear and friction. This reduces their useful life and efficiency in running conditions, particularly at high temperatures. One of the most popular solutions is to apply an appropriate surface coating to the tribocouple’s base materials. In this study, tribometer experiments were used to evaluate the tribological performance of cathodic arc physical vapor deposited (CAPVD) AlCrN, TiSiN, CrTiN, and ZrN coatings on the gas nitrided AISI H13 tool steel to explore the effects of nitriding the steel on wear and friction behavior of these coatings at ambient and elevated temperatures. The coatings characterization is split into three main parts: mechanical, morphological, and chemical characterization. Nanoindentation has been used for mechanical characterization, thin film X-ray diffraction (XRD), and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer mounted on a scanning electron microscope for chemical characterization, optical profilometer, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for morphological characterization. Significant improvements in the adhesion qualities of the coatings to the substrate were achieved as a result of nitration. Due to this circumstance, the coatings’ load-bearing capacity and high-temperature wear resistance ratings were enhanced. The wear results showed that the AISI H13 tool steel nitriding with AlCrN and ZrN layers decreased wear rates by two to three times at 700 °C.
Hemoglobin modulation affects physiology and patient reported outcomes in anemic and non-anemic subjects: An umbrella review

Background: An abnormal hemoglobin concentration has a substantial effect on a person’s quality of life and physiology. Lack of tools that effectively evaluate hemoglobin-related outcomes leads to uncertainty regarding optimal hemoglobin levels, transfusion thresholds and treatment targets. We therefore aim to summarize reviews that assess the effects of hemoglobin modulation on the human physiology at various baseline hemoglobin levels, and identify gaps in existing evidence. Methods: We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews. PubMed, MEDLINE (OVID), Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Emcare were searched from inception to the 15th of April 2022 for studies that reported on physiological and patient reported outcomes following a hemoglobin change. Results: Thirty-three reviews were included of which 7 were scored as of high quality and 24 of critically low quality using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The reported data generally show that an increase in hemoglobin leads to improvement of patient reported and physical outcomes in anaemic and non-anaemic subjects. At lower hemoglobin levels, the effect of a hemoglobin modulation on quality of life measures appears more pronounced. Conclusion: This overview has revealed many knowledge gaps due to a lack of high-quality evidence. For chronic kidney disease patients, a clinically relevant benefit of increasing the hemoglobin levels up until 12 g/dL was found. However, a personalized approach remains necessary due to the many patient-specific factors that affect outcomes. We strongly encourage future trials to incorporate physiological outcomes as objective parameters together with subjective, but still very important, patient reported outcome measures.
Towards mass composition study with KASCADE using deep neural networks

We present new insight into the ongoing machine learning analysis of KASCADE experiment archival data, that contain air shower events with ∼ 1 − 100 PeV primary energy. The aim of the study is to improve the accuracy of high-energy cosmic rays mass composition reconstruction with respect to the standard KASCADE technique. We introduce five mass groups: protons, helium, carbon, silicon and iron nuclei and interpret the reconstruction process as a classification task. We employ a random forest technique as well as two promising neural network architectures — a self-attention perceptron and a convolutional neural network. These models are being trained with KASCADE CORSIKA simulations. We examine the behavior of the mass composition reconstruction for several hadronic interaction models and additionally check the credibility of our methods with a small "unblinded" part of the real KASCADE data.
A Born–Oppenheimer approximation for path integrals with an application to electron solvation in polarizable fluids

The Born–Oppenheimer approximation is introduced into the path integral expression for the canonical partition function. It is difficult to apply this to simulations. We devise a new adiabatic expression which we call the free energy Born–Oppenheimer approximation which is much easier to simulate. It is shown that this approximation deviates from the exact path‐integral expression by no more than does the standard Born–Oppenheimer approximation and we apply it to the problem of an excess electron dissolved in a polarizable fluid.
Adiabatic effects of electrons and ions on electro-acoustic solitary waves in an adiabatic dusty plasma

Abstract A dusty plasma consisting of negatively charged cold dust, adiabatic hot ions, and inertia-less adiabatic hot electrons has been considered. The adiabatic effects of electrons and ions on the basic properties of electro-acoustic solitary waves associated with different types of electro-acoustic (viz. ion-acoustic (IA), dust ion-acoustic (DIA), and dust acoustic (DA)) waves are thoroughly investigated by the reductive perturbation method. It is found that the basic properties of the IA, DIA, and DA waves are significantly modified by the adiabatic effects of ions and inertia-less electrons. The implications of our results in space and laboratory dusty plasmas are briefly discussed.
HTS materials for AC current transport and fault current limitation

The European SUPERPOLI project aims to define a MV fault current limiting power link, and to demonstrate its feasibility by a functional model. It includes the development of two alternative low-AC-loss conductor designs suitable for current limitation: a low-cost composite tubular Bi-2212 conductor with moderate Jc; and a coated tubular Y-123 conductor, presenting a very high J/sub c/. BSCCO tubes are developed by Alcatel HTS (length: 650 mm and diameter: 50 mm) with silver contacts on both ends. These tubes have an effective thickness of the superconducting layer of 1.5 mm. This layer is reinforced by an additional nonsuperconducting layer in order to increase mechanical stability. Based on theoretical simulations, Alcatel HTS seeks to develop tubes with a Jc scattering lower than 2%. The main issue with Y-123 films is to find a way for producing them in long reproducible lengths. A novel high rate PLD technique with a repetition rate of 300 Hz has been developed and used for manufacturing films on large-area substrates, made of flexible stainless steel foils buffered by IBAD. The largest samples prepared are of 34 mm/spl times/1 m in size, and present a Jc of 4000 A/mm/sup 2/ (77 K self-field). For a sample with dimensions of 10 mm/spl times/0.5 m, Jc exceeds 6000 A/mm/sup 2/.
Synthetic seismograms by normal-mode summation: a new derivation and numerical examples

SUMMARY We present a new derivation of the explicit expression of displacement in response to a point dislocation source in terms of the summation of the Earth's normal modes. Starting from the well-known formal expression of normal-mode summation, we obtain the explicit expressions of displacements for the three conventional components in seismology (vertical, radial and transverse). Aided by the generalized spherical harmonics and coordinate transformation, our derivation is more comprehensive and concise and easier to handle. Numerical examples of normal-mode synthetics in different but realistic Earth models for a variety of source–receiver geometries are presented to illustrate the influence of self-gravitation, attenuation and radial anisotropy on waveforms. We also examine how waveforms of Love and Rayleigh waves are affected by the density and P-wave velocity structures in the upper mantle. Results show that the shear-wave structure obtained from surface wave tomography may be biased if the sensitivities of surface waves to the variation of density and compressional wave speed are not properly taken into account in the inversion.