Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What lessons have we learned in the past 40 years?

Before 1970, there was no journal devoted to cerebral vascular disease. Only hypertension had been identified as a potentially treatable risk factor for stroke, and there were no established specific therapies for preventing or treating stroke. Imaging was limited to x-ray or x-ray with contrast (angiography, pneumoencephalography, or ventriculography) and very primitive ultrasound. In 1970, the journal Stroke was born and during the next 40 years many advancements occurred. CT, MRI, positron emission tomography, and ultrasound were introduced and further perfected as extremely effective diagnostic instruments. For the first time, we could visualize the nervous system and measure its function in vivo. The major risk factors were identified, and the significant effectiveness of preventive treatment was established for hypertension, tobacco use, lipidemia, and other potentially treatable risk factors. The value and the indications have been defined for platelet antiaggregating agents, thrombolytic therapy, statins, anticoagulant therapy for atrial fibrillation, carotid endarterectomy, and coiling for aneurysm and arteriovenous malformations. Genetics became a major tool in the investigation of cerebrovascular disease. Vascular dementia and its relationship to other dementias have been better identified. The lack of effectiveness of extracranial–intracranial bypass procedures in most ischemic vascular disease has been shown. Steady progress is being made in the understanding of the mechanisms of brain injury, repair, and plasticity. All these and more have been added to our knowledge. These are not the lessons, but they are the results of the lessons we have learned. To address these lessons, we need to go back even further than the past 40 years. Although I cannot equal Dr Barnett’s 65 years, my 56 years as a physician have led to similar conclusions. So, forgive us if we overlap. Like most of the older people in the field, our acceptance and crusade for the “lessons” were initiated and reinforced …
Evolutionary Optimization of Protein Folding

Nature has shaped the make up of proteins since their appearance, 3.8 billion years ago. However, the fundamental drivers of structural change responsible for the extraordinary diversity of proteins have yet to be elucidated. Here we explore if protein evolution affects folding speed. We estimated folding times for the present-day catalog of protein domains directly from their size-modified contact order. These values were mapped onto an evolutionary timeline of domain appearance derived from a phylogenomic analysis of protein domains in 989 fully-sequenced genomes. Our results show a clear overall increase of folding speed during evolution, with known ultra-fast downhill folders appearing rather late in the timeline. Remarkably, folding optimization depends on secondary structure. While alpha-folds showed a tendency to fold faster throughout evolution, beta-folds exhibited a trend of folding time increase during the last 1.5 billion years that began during the “big bang” of domain combinations. As a consequence, these domain structures are on average slow folders today. Our results suggest that fast and efficient folding of domains shaped the universe of protein structure. This finding supports the hypothesis that optimization of the kinetic and thermodynamic accessibility of the native fold reduces protein aggregation propensities that hamper cellular functions.
A 2.4GHz 830pJ/bit duty-cycled wake-up receiver with −82dBm sensitivity for crystal-less wireless sensor nodes

This paper describes a 2.4GHz Wake-up Receiver (WuRx) designed to operate with low-accuracy (≪0.5%) frequency references [1], enabling crystal-less and thus low-cost wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). Robustness to frequency error is achieved by combining non-coherent energy detection with a broadband-IF superheterodyne architecture, and by using a pulse-position-modulated (PPM) impulse radio (IR) modulation scheme [2]. The Rx front-end and the LO generator are duty-cycled at pulse level, thereby reducing the power consumption to less than 420µW, which is more than adequate for use in WSNs [2]. PPM-IR also enables the realization of an interferer-robust receiver without the use of bulky off-chip RF filters [3,4]. This 65nm CMOS fully integrated WuRx employs a duty-cycled LO generator and achieves a sensitivity of −82dBm at a data rate of 500kb/s with an energy efficiency of 830pJ/bit.
The NOMCO Multimodal Nordic Resource - Goals and Characteristics

This paper presents the multimodal corpora that are being collected and annotated in the Nordic NOMCO project. The corpora will be used to study communicative phenomena such as feedback, turn management and sequencing. They already include video material for Swedish, Danish, Finnish and Estonian, and several social activities are represented. The data will make it possible to verify empirically how gestures (head movements, facial displays, hand gestures and body postures) and speech interact in all the three mentioned aspects of communication. The data are being annotated following the MUMIN annotation scheme, which provides attributes concerning the shape and the communicative functions of head movements, face expressions, body posture and hand gestures. After having described the corpora, the paper discusses how they will be used to study the way feedback is expressed in speech and gestures, and reports results from two pilot studies where we investigated the function of head gestures ― both single and repeated ― in combination with feedback expressions. The annotated corpora will be valuable sources for research on intercultural communication as well as for interaction in the individual languages.
Research Report: Major Research Centers in Discourse Analysis in France

In France, discourse analysis is practiced in a number of institutional contexts. While most of the pioneering centers of the 1960s and 70s like Centre de recherche de lexicologie politique de l’Ecole Normale Superieure de St. Cloud (Maurice TOURNIER) and the group of the University of Paris 10 (Jean DUBOIS) no longer exist, new centers have been founded since the 1990s such as CEDITEC (1999), the CEDISCOR (1989), and the LASELDI (2000), which are presented in detail below. More centers have to be cited such as CAD (Centre d'analyse du discours), Paris 13, directed by Patrick CHARAUDEAU, which is specialized in communication studies, the tendencies around the psychoanalytically influenced linguist Jacqueline AUTHIER-REVUZ from the University of Paris 3, and the group GTAD (Groupe de travail en analyse du discours, directed by Isabelle LEGLISE and Francois LEIMDORFER) at MSH (Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Paris), founded by Pierre ACHARD. Members of these various groups are involved in major French journals of discourse analysis such as Mots (e.g. CEDITEC), Semen (LASELDI), Langage et societe (e.g. GTAD). [1]
A revised film set for the induction of basic emotions.

In the past decade several film sets for the induction of emotions have been developed. These film sets mainly consist of emotional clips from feature films. Since the neutral stimuli in these sets were abstract scenes, documentary or television excerpts, the aim of the present study was to develop a set that includes comparable neutral stimuli from commercially available feature films that match the emotional ones in their content. Furthermore, the capacity of the emotional film clips to elicit a specific target emotion was evaluated. Four neutral clips were selected and shown to 38 subjects, together with 16 emotional clips from earlier studies on emotion induction. Four clips were selected to elicit anger, and three clips to elicit each of the target emotions disgust, fear, sadness, and amusement. The participants rated their feelings on 21 emotion scales. Cluster analysis confirmed the six a priori groups of films. ANOVA further revealed that the four neutral clips, were rated neutral on the valence and low on the intensity dimension. Most of the emotional film clips primarily elicited their respective target emotion. In summary, at least two clips for each target emotion were able to elicit that emotion selectively.
Efficient resource management during instruction scheduling for the EPIC architectures

Effective and efficient modelling and management of hardware resources have always been critical toward generating highly efficient code in optimizing compilers. The instruction templates and dispersal rules of the EPIC architecture add new complexity in managing resource constraints to instruction scheduler. We extended a finite state automaton (FSA) approach to efficiently manage all key resource constraints of an EPIC architecture on-the-fly during instruction scheduling. We have fully integrated the FSA-based resource management into the instruction scheduler in the Open Research Compiler for the EPIC architecture. Our integrated approach shows up to 12% speedup on some SPECint2000 benchmarks and 4.5% speedup on average for all SPECint2000 benchmarks on an Itanium machine when compares to an instruction scheduler with decoupled resource management. In the meantime, the instruction scheduling time of our approach is reduced by 4% on average.
Comparative genome profiling across subtypes of low-grade B-cell lymphoma identifies type-specific and common aberrations that target genes with a role in B-cell neoplasia

Low-grade B-cell lymphomas are very heterogeneous. This study of comparative genome profiling identifies type-specific aberrations that target genes with a role in B-cell lymphoid neoplasms. See related perspective article on page 641. Background Low-grade B-cell lymphomas are a very heterogeneous group of tumors, whose differential diagnosis is frequently compromised by the lack of specific cytogenetic or molecular features. Our objective was to search for genomic features that allow a better molecular identification of the different types of lymphoma studied. Design and Methods We selected a panel of 87 low-grade B-cell lymphoma tumor samples that were unambiguously diagnosed (clinically and cytogenetically) as: follicular, splenic marginal zone, nodal marginal zone, lymphoplasmacytic, mantle cell, extranodal marginal zone MALT-type lymphoma or B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. All samples were subjected to the same high-resolution genomic DNA analysis (array-based comparative genomic hybridization): a whole genome platform that contained 44000 probes distributed across the genome. Genomic imbalances were recorded, compiled and analyzed. Results Eighty percent of analyzed cases showed genomic imbalances (deletions and gain/amplifications) but the frequency of these imbalances ranged from 100% in mantle cell lymphomas to 33% in MALT lymphomas. A total of 95 new genomic imbalances affecting all lymphoma subtypes, were defined. We evaluated the extension of the genomic instability, detecting distinct patterns of genomic instability within subtypes. Specific pathways, such as nuclear factor kB (gains of REL and BCL11A, and losses of COMMD3, BIRC1, IKK1 and NFKB2), Polycomb group proteins (gain of BMI1 and deletion of PCGF6), DNA repair checkpoint pathways (deletion of 16q24 involving CDT1), or miRNA with a role in B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis (MIRN15A, MIRN16-1), were targeted by this genomic instability. Conclusions Although all subtypes of lymphomas showed gains and losses of DNA, the analysis of their genomic profiles indicated that there are specific aberrations in almost every subtype as well as frequent aberrations that are common to a large number of lymphoma types. These common aberrations target genes that are important in B-cell lymphomagenesis.
Material Effect on Glowing Contact Properties

Properties of glowing connections for a variety of electrically conductive materials are presented. The properties investigated include voltage waveforms, RMS voltage with current, and the propensity to initiate glowing. This was done using materials that may be used in residential electrical wiring. The materials and combinations of materials investigated were copper, brass, phosphorous bronze, steel, and stainless steel. It is found that material type has a pronounced effect on the voltage wave-shape of the glowing contact and the associated RMS voltage. It is also shown that the number of make/break operations to get the connection glowing is greatly influenced by the material with steel materials being the easiest to initiate glowing. Waveforms and voltage values over a current range of 0.5 Arms to 11 Arms are presented, and there is discussion on the influence of oxide resistivity and material parameters on glow voltage.
PerR controls Mn‐dependent resistance to oxidative stress in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

In previous studies it has been established that resistance to superoxide by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is dependent on the accumulation of Mn(II) ions involving the ABC transporter, MntABC. A mutant strain lacking the periplasmic binding protein component (MntC) of this transport system is hypersensitive to killing by superoxide anion. In this study the mntC mutant was found to be more sensitive to H2O2 killing than the wild‐type. Analysis of regulation of MntC expression revealed that it was de‐repressed under low Mn(II) conditions. The N. gonorrhoeae mntABC locus lacks the mntR repressor typically found associated with this locus in other organisms. A search for a candidate regulator of mntABC expression revealed a homologue of PerR, a Mn‐dependent peroxide‐responsive regulator found in Gram‐positive organisms. A perR mutant expressed more MntC protein than wild‐type, and expression was independent of Mn(II), consistent with a role for PerR as a repressor of mntABC expression. The PerR regulon of N. gonorrhoeae was defined by microarray analysis and includes ribosomal proteins, TonB‐dependent receptors and an alcohol dehydrogenase. Both the mntC and perR mutants had reduced intracellular survival in a human cervical epithelial cell model.
The Psychological Mechanism and Influential Factors of Attribute Framing Effect

Attribute framing effect refers to the phenomenon that evaluations of an object or event are more favorable if a key attribute within any given context is framed in positive rather than negative terms.Attribute framing effect widely exists in consumer judgment,medical treatments,political decision and other decision-making fields.Currently,the researchers have used cognitive mechanism of valence,reference dependence,query theory and the view of cognitive neural mechanisms to illustrate the generation mechanism of attribute framing effect.Researchers have found that experience,personality traits,numeracy,need for cognitive closure may influence the attribute framing effect.Future researches on attribute framing effect should focus on the following five aspects,such as deepening our understanding of its original roots and influential factors,expanding its applied values,exploring the situation in which decision maker prefer to the negative framing and at last clarifying the relationship between attribute framing effect and other decision phenomena.
Life Effectiveness and Attitude Towards The Psy4life Programme

This study examines differences across gender in eight components of life effectiveness in pre- and post-studies. This study also measures differences in rural youths’ attitudes toward positive youth development (Psy4life) programme across three demographic factors (gender, educational level, and past involvement in youth programmes). We predicted that there would be differences between male and female in life effectiveness and its components and that there would be differences in youths’ attitudes toward Psy4life programme according to the three demographic factors. Twenty rural youths participated in Psy4Life programme (9 male, 45%; 11 female, 55%; mean age: 15.3, SD=1.81). In the post-study, Mann-Whitney U Test results showed significant differences between males and females in life effectiveness and three of its components (achievement motivation, intellectual flexibility, and leadership). In the pre-study, only intellectual flexibility was associated with significant gender differences. There were no significant differences in attitudes toward Psy4life programme across gender, education level, and past involvement in youth programmes. We assumed that female participants might be more motivated, open to new ideas, and capable of leading a group than male youth. Attitudes towards youth programmes might differ based on other factors, such as extrinsic and intrinsic motives, which need to be examined in the future. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Complex and adaptive networks: A survey on performance enhancements attributes

Complex adaptive network (CANs) is the collection of the interacting agents. These agents work under the influence of each other. One change in the behavior of an agent in a CAN can lead to the change in whole network. CANs are dynamic network as they have ability to adapt and grow in its environment. This paper survey different aspects of CANs like security, synchronization, agent base modeling and architecture of CANs. We group different attributes and show how team work among the nodes or agents in a CAN can lead to a larger adaptation in a network.
Evolutionary Transition of Promoter and Gene Body DNA Methylation across Invertebrate–Vertebrate Boundary

Genomes of invertebrates and vertebrates exhibit highly divergent patterns of DNA methylation. Invertebrate genomes tend to be sparsely methylated, and DNA methylation is mostly targeted to a subset of transcription units (gene bodies). In a drastic contrast, vertebrate genomes are generally globally and heavily methylated, punctuated by the limited local hypo-methylation of putative regulatory regions such as promoters. These genomic differences also translate into functional differences in DNA methylation and gene regulation. Although promoter DNA methylation is an important regulatory component of vertebrate gene expression, its role in invertebrate gene regulation has been little explored. Instead, gene body DNA methylation is associated with expression of invertebrate genes. However, the evolutionary steps leading to the differentiation of invertebrate and vertebrate genomic DNA methylation remain unresolved. Here we analyzed experimentally determined DNA methylation maps of several species across the invertebrate–vertebrate boundary, to elucidate how vertebrate gene methylation has evolved. We show that, in contrast to the prevailing idea, a substantial number of promoters in an invertebrate basal chordate Ciona intestinalis are methylated. Moreover, gene expression data indicate significant, epigenomic context-dependent associations between promoter methylation and expression in C. intestinalis. However, there is no evidence that promoter methylation in invertebrate chordate has been evolutionarily maintained across the invertebrate–vertebrate boundary. Rather, body-methylated invertebrate genes preferentially obtain hypo-methylated promoters among vertebrates. Conversely, promoter methylation is preferentially found in lineage- and tissue-specific vertebrate genes. These results provide important insights into the evolutionary origin of epigenetic regulation of vertebrate gene expression.
Povezanost lokusa kontrole i strategija suočavanja sa stresom s anksioznošću i depresivnošću kod studenata

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost spola, lokusa kontrole i strategija suocavanja sa stresom s anksioznoscu i depresivnoscu kod studenata te ustanoviti koliki je njihov doprinos u objasnjenju anksioznosti i depresivnosti kod studenata. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 418 studenata cetiri fakulteta u Osijeku. Sudionici su ispunili Rotterovu skalu unutarnjeg naprama vanjskom mjestu kontrole potkrepljenja (Rotter, 1966), Upitnik suocavanja sa stresnim situacijama (Endler i Parker, 1990; prema Soric i Prorokovic, 2002) i Skalu anksioznosti, depresivnosti i stresa (Lovibond i Lovibond, 1995). Rezultati pokazuju da su lokus kontrole i suocavanje usmjereno na emocije znacajno pozitivno povezane s anksioznoscu i depresivnoscu, dok je suocavanje usmjereno na problem znacajno negativno povezano s anksioznoscu i depresivnoscu među studentima. Spol je znacajno pozitivno povezan s anksioznoscu, dok za depresivnost nije dobivena znacajna povezanost sa spolom. Nadalje, rezultati su pokazali da muski spol, internalni lokus kontrole i strategije suocavanja usmjerene na problem predviđaju nižu razinu anksioznosti, dok ženski spol, eksternalni lokus kontrole i strategije suocavanja usmjerene na emocije predviđaju vise razine anksioznosti kod studenata. Za kriterij depresivnost, internalni lokus kontrole i strategije suocavanja usmjerene na problem predviđaju niže razine depresivnosti, dok eksternalni lokus kontrole i strategije suocavanja usmjerene na emocije predviđaju vise razine depresivnosti. Spol nije znacajan prediktor depresivnosti. Rezultati također sugeriraju da lokus kontrole posreduje između spola i anksioznosti.
TRACING THE ASYMMETRY IN THE ENVELOPE AROUND THE CARBON STAR CIT 6

We present high angular resolution observations of HC3N J = 5 − 4 line and 7 mm continuum emission from the extreme carbon star CIT 6. We find that the 7 mm continuum emission is unresolved and has a flux consistent with blackbody thermal radiation from the central star. The HC3N J = 5 − 4 line emission originates from an asymmetric and clumpy expanding envelope comprising two separate shells of HC3N J = 5 − 4 emission: (1) a faint outer shell that is nearly spherical which has a radius of 8″ and (2) a thick and incomplete inner shell that resembles a one-arm spiral starting at or close to the central star and extending out to a radius of about 5″. A comparison between the data and our excitation modeling results suggests an unusually high abundance of HC3N in the envelope of CIT 6. We discuss the possibility that the envelope might be shaped by the presence of a previously suggested possible binary companion. The abundance of HC3N may be enhanced in spiral shocks produced by the interaction between the circumstellar envelope of CIT 6 and its companion star.
The spider anxiety and disgust screening for children: Reliability and validity of a screening for children

Objectives Specific fears, such as fear of spiders, are often used as a model for studying the development of other fears because several studies suggest that the underlying processes of fear are similar. For the screening of spider fear in children, a good, fast, and reliable screening instrument is needed. Unfortunately, however, such an instrument does not appear to exist yet. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to develop a short, reliable, and valid questionnaire to assess spider fear and spider disgust in children, the Spider Anxiety and Disgust Screening for Children (SADS‐C). Methods In Study 1, we tested the items of the SADS‐C. In Study 2, we tested the psychometric properties related to the validity and reliability of the SADS‐C. In Study 3, we administered the SADS‐C in a large sample in order to provide normative data. Results The results indicate good validity and reliability of the SADS‐C; it was able to predict Spider Phobia Questionnaire for Children‐C, Screen for Child Anxiety‐Related Emotional Disorders‐animal, and Behavioural Assessment Test Scores. The studies were all community‐based samples; none of the children were actually seeking help for their spider fear. Conclusions The SADS‐C is a suitable questionnaire for assessing spider fear and disgust in children and is very suitable for epidemiological studies or for the screening of children in experimental research for which there is currently no appropriate instrument.