Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fractal Escape Basins for Magnetic Field Lines in Fusion Plasma Devices

Plasma conﬁnement in fusion devices like Tokamaks depends on the existence of closed magnetic ﬁeld lines with toroidal geometry. The magnetic ﬁeld line structure in toroidal plasma devices is a Hamiltonian system, where the role of time is played by an ignorable coordinate. Nonsymmetrical perturbations lead to a nonintegrable hamil-tonian system that can exhibit area-ﬁlling chaotic orbits. If exits are suitably positioned on a chaotic magnetic ﬁeld line region, the Hamiltonian system becomes open and one is interested to know the corresponding escape basins, i.e., the sets of initial conditions for which the corresponding ﬁeld lines escape through a given exit. From general mathematical arguments, it can be shown that these escape basins are fractal. In this paper, we investigate quantitatively fractal escape basins in the magnetic ﬁeld line structure in Tokamaks described by an area-preserving map proposed by Balescu et al, us-ing the uncertainty dimension to characterize the fractal structure of the magnetic ﬁeld lines. We also use the concept of basin entropy in order to quantify the ﬁnal state uncertainty, a relevant issue that arises when fractal basins are involved.
In-Vehicle Passenger Occupancy Detection Using 60-GHz FMCW Radar Sensor

Modern autonomous driving vehicles are equipped with a number of sensors to perceive the surrounding environment and enable automation of various systems. Especially, the passenger occupancy detection system can be utilized to detect a child left unattended in a parked vehicle, and efficiently manage the energy inside the vehicle. In this study, we propose a method of detecting the occupancy of passengers inside a vehicle using multichannel 60-GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. The received signal from the radar is converted into a range-angle map, and clutter suppression is performed to eliminate reflections from stationary objects. Then, by applying classification algorithms, such as the support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and convolutional neural network (CNN), various arrangements of passengers inside a vehicle are identified. The classification results demonstrated that the proposed method can detect the location and number of passengers with an accuracy of 97.68%.
Impact of Interaction Effects between Visual and Auditory Signs on Consumer Purchasing Behavior Based on the AISAS Model

This study, based on the AISAS model, explores the impact of the interaction effect between visual and auditory signals on consumer purchase behavior. Using experimental methods, 120 participants were randomly assigned to four different visual and auditory signal combinations, and their purchase intentions and actual purchase behavior were measured. The results show that the interaction effect between visual and auditory signals has a significant impact on both purchase intentions and actual purchase behavior, and there is a significant positive relationship. Specifically, when visual and auditory signals are mutually consistent, consumers have the highest purchase intentions and actual purchase behavior; when both visual and auditory signals are absent, consumers have the lowest purchase intentions and actual purchase behavior; when either the visual or auditory signal is missing, consumers’ purchase intentions and actual purchase behavior are between the two extremes. This study provides a new perspective for understanding consumers’ decision-making processes in multi-sensory environments and offers valuable insights for the development of marketing strategies.
Mecanismes moleculars implicats en la secreció de pèptids en cèl•lules glials del sistema nerviós central

En els ultims anys, diversos treballs han demostrat que els astrocits participen activament en el desenvolupament i la plasticitat del sistema nervios central, aixi com en la modulacio de la neurotransmissio. Caracteristicament, la majoria de les accions descrites dels astrocits sobre la fisiologia i la patologia neuronal son mitjancades per secrecio vesicular. En el aquest treball s’han identificat les molecules implicades en l’exocitosi de cel•lules astroglials. Malgrat que alguns components son comuns amb les neurones, altres com sintaxina 4, VAMP3 i SNAP23 s’expressen de forma especifica en les cel•lules astroglials. Tractaments activadors o de maduracio diferencialment regulen l’expressio de diferents isoformes de proteines exocitiques en cel•lules glials in vitro. Aixi, l’activacio amb citocines proinflamatories augmenta l’expressio d’algunes SNAREs i els seus reguladors en glia, com sintaxina4 i munc18b. La correlacio entre els nivells d’expressio d’aquestes proteines exocitiques i l’augment de la secrecio de mediadors d’activacio i inflamacio suggereix un important paper d’aquestes molecules en la secrecio de cel•lules activades. Amb l’objectiu d’estudiar la secrecio regulada per calci en astrocits madurs s’ha obtingut un fenotip madur glial in vitro mitjancant l’activacio de la via del AMPc. L’analisi global amb "gene set enrichment analysis" del transcriptoma astrocitari ha demostrat que l’increment en els nivells intracel•lulars d’AMPc reprimeix la immaduresa i activacio dels astrocits i promou la seva maduracio. Aquesta maduracio dependent de la via del AMPc augmenta l’expressio de proteines exocitiques, com per exemple VAMP2, aixi com la via de secrecio regulada per calci dels peptids ANP i SgII. Finalment, mitjancant assajos de perdua de funcio, es demostra un paper d’aquestes proteines en la secrecio de peptids glials. Aquests resultats suggereixen que diferents molecules d’exocitosi mitjancen diferents processos de secrecio glials. Per altra banda, en aquesta tesi s’ha identificat un nou component de la via de secrecio astroglial, tant in vitro com in vivo, la SgIII. En cel•lules neuroendocrines SgIII actua com un receptor de direccionament a granuls secretors. En cel•lules astroglials SgIII presenta una forma molecular i una dinamica de secrecio diferencial a cel•lules neuroendocrines. A mes, hem demostrat una notable sobreexpressio d’aquesta proteina en astrocits reactius en lesions traumatiques, la qual cosa suggereix una participacio de SgIII en els mecanismes de proteccio o dany cerebral en lesions del sistema nervios central.
Efficient Malware Analysis Using Subspace-Based Methods on Representative Image Patterns

In this paper, we propose a new framework for classifying and visualizing malware files using subspace-based methods. The rise of advanced malware poses a significant threat to internet security, increasing the pressure on traditional cybersecurity measures which may no longer be adequate. As signature-based detection is limited to known threats, sophisticated methods are needed to detect and classify emerging malware that can bypass traditional antivirus software. Using representative image patterns to analyze malware features can provide a more detailed and precise approach by revealing detailed patterns that may be missed otherwise. In our framework, we rely on subspace representation of malware image patterns; a set of malware files belonging to the same class is compactly represented by a low-dimensional subspace in high dimensional vector space. Then, we use Subspace method (SM) and its kernel extension Kernel Subspace method (KSM) to classify a malware file by measuring the angle between the corresponding input vector and each class subspace. Further, we propose a visualization framework based on subspace representation and occlusion sensitivity analysis which enables detection of critical malware features. These visualizations can be used in conjunction with the proposed classification method to aid in interpretation of results and can lead to better understanding of malicious threats. We evaluate our methods on Malimg and Dumpware datasets and demonstrate the advantage of our methods over previous single-image verification methods that are vulnerable to varying conditions. With 98.07% and 97.21% accuracy, our algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques.
Transplantation of Chemical Compound-Induced Cells from Human Fibroblasts Improves Locomotor Recovery in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model

The development of regenerative medicine using cell therapy is eagerly awaited for diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI), for which there has been no radical cure. We previously reported the direct conversion of human fibroblasts into neuronal-like cells using only chemical compounds; however, it is unclear whether chemical compound-induced neuronal-like (CiN) cells are clinically functional. In this study, we partially modified the method of inducing CiN cells (termed immature CiN cells) and examined their therapeutic efficacy, in a rat model of SCI, to investigate whether immature CiN cells are promising for clinical applications. Motor function recovery, after SCI, was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test, as well as the CatWalk analysis. We found that locomotor recovery, after SCI in the immature CiN cell-transplanted group, was partially improved compared to that in the control group. Consistent with these results, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathological analyses revealed that nerve recovery or preservation improved in the immature CiN cell-transplanted group. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that immature CiN cells highly express hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which has recently been shown to be a promising therapeutic agent against SCI. Our findings suggest that immature CiN cells may provide an alternative strategy for the regenerative therapy of SCI.
An Automatic Transformer from Sequential to Parallel Java Code

Sequential programs can benefit from parallel execution to improve their performance. When developing a parallel application, several techniques are employed to achieve the desired behavior: identifying parts that can run in parallel, synchronizing access to shared data, tuning performance, etc. Admittedly, manually transforming a sequential application to make it parallel can be tedious due to the large number of lines of code to inspect, the possibility of errors arising from inaccurate data dependence analysis leading to unpredictable behavior, and inefficiencies when the workload between parallel threads is unbalanced. This paper proposes an automatic approach that analyzes Java source code to identify method calls that are suitable for parallel execution and transforms them so that they run in another thread. The approach is based on data dependence and control dependence analyses to determine the execution flow and data accessed. Based on the proposed method, a tool has been developed to enhance applications by incorporating parallelism, i.e., transforming suitable method calls to execute on parallel threads, and synchronizing data access where needed. The developed tool has been extensively tested to verify the accuracy of its analysis in finding parallel execution opportunities, the correctness of the source code alterations, and the resultant performance gain.
Viral skin diseases in odontocete cetaceans: gross, histopathological, and molecular characterization of selected pathogens

Fifty-five skin lesions from 31 stranded cetaceans along the Canary coasts (2011–2021) were submitted to macroscopic, histological, and molecular analyses to confirm infection by cetacean poxvirus, herpesvirus and cetacean morbillivirus. They were macroscopically categorized into eight categories with respective subcategories according to their color, shape, size, and consistency. Cetacean poxvirus was detected in 54.54% of the skin lesions through real-time and conventional PCRs based on the DNA polymerase gene. Additionally, herpesvirus and morbillivirus were currently detected from 43.63 and 1.82% of the cutaneous lesions, respectively. Coinfection of poxvirus and herpesvirus was detected in nine of them (16.36%), which makes the present study the first to report coinfection by both pathogens in skin lesions in cetaceans. A plausible approach to histopathological characterization of poxvirus-and herpesvirus-positive skin lesions was established. Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, ballooning degeneration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in vacuolized keratinocytes through the stratum spinosum were common findings in poxvirus skin lesions. Alphaherpesvirus was associated with a prominent acanthotic epidermis, moderate necrosis, multifocal dyskeratosis, and irregular keratinocytes with both cellular and nuclei pleomorphism. The common histopathological findings of both pathogens were observed in coinfection lesions. However, those associated with herpesvirus were considerably more remarkable. Relationships between molecular and microscopic findings were observed for the lesions that showed tattoo-like and tortuous patterns. Further multidisciplinary diagnostic studies of infected skin lesions are needed to understand the epidemiology of these emerging infectious diseases.
Identification of regularities in the behavior of a glass fiber-reinforced polyester composite of the impact test based on ASTM D256 standard

In this research, commotional analysis based on the finite element analysis (FEA) has been performed to investigate IZOD impact test based on the ASTM D256 standard. The ANSYS model primarily employs a composite constructed of glass fiber-reinforced polyester for the boundary conditions. The CEAST 9050 instrument was used to implement the impacting technique in the experimental inquiry. By employing mathematics, we have calculated that the applied force is 9.2 N. A hammer traveling at a speed of 3.5 meters per second is used to strike the samples, and the results are recorded after each blow. The object of this study is the mechanical properties and structural integrity of the composite material composed of glass fibers and polyester when subjected to impact forces. The main hypothesis of the study encompasses the optimism that the glass fiber-reinforced polyester composite, when put through the Izod impact test in accordance with ASTM D256. Convergence between the overall deformation indicator and the numerical result has occurred. Results from the numerical analysis were examined and confirmed, and compared to those from the experiment. The specimens in this study were totally distorted at three different thicknesses (6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm). Deformation was found to be greatest for the thinnest value of thickness considered in the study (6 millimeters), as determined by the results of the computer analysis. This was the case even though the thickness value was not the sole criterion. This is the actual state of affairs. The specimen was subjected to a von-Mises stress at three different thicknesses of 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm. The computer investigation revealed that the Von-Mises stress was highest at the thinnest possible thickness of just 6 millimeters. Internal energy, kinetic energy, and touch energy are only few of the various types of energy that have been studied in the context of energy conservation
Optimization of Water Resources Systems using Multi-Objective Evolution Strategies

This paper deals with the development of a new multi-objective evolution strategy in combination with an integrated pollution-load and water-quality model. The optimization algorithm combines the advantages of the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm and Self-Adaptive Evolution Strategies. The identification of a good spread of solutions on the pareto-optimum front and the optimization of a large number of decision variables equally demands numerous simulation runs. In addition, statements with regard to the frequency of critical concentrations and peak discharges require continuous long-term simulations. Therefore, a fast operating integrated simulation model is needed providing the required precision of the results. For this purpose, a hydrological deterministic pollution-load model has been coupled with a river water-quality and a rainfall-runoff model. Wastewater treatment plants are simulated in a simplified way. The functionality of the optimization and simulation tool has been validated by analyzing a real catchment area including sewer system, WWTP, water body and natural river basin. For the optimization/rehabilitation of the urban drainage system, both innovative and approved measures have been examined and used as decision variables. As objective functions, investment costs and river water quality criteria have been used.
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus lenvatinib as first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim of the study Studies comparing atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (ATE/BEV) vs. lenvatinib (LEN) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) have shown conflicting results. With this background, we aimed to collate the available evidence comparing ATE/BEV and LEN in aHCC. Material and methods A comprehensive search of three databases was conducted from inception to November 2022 for studies comparing ATE/BEV with LEN for managing aHCC. Results were presented with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as the hazard ratio (HR) for time-to-event outcomes or odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous outcomes. Results A total of 8 studies were included. On analysis of matched cohorts, there was no difference in the objective response rate (ORR) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.83-1.61) or disease control rate (DCR) (aOR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.49-1.38) between groups. Three studies reported a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) with ATE/LEN, while one reported a longer PFS with LEN. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for PFS available from three studies was comparable (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.75-1.50). Data were insufficient to carry out a formal analysis for overall survival (OS), but none of the studies reported any difference in OS. On comparison of overall adverse events (AE) and ≥ grade 3 AE, there was no difference in the overall analysis, but higher risk of AE with LEN on sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Based on the currently available literature, LEN was found to be non-inferior to ATE/BEV in terms of ORR, DCR, and PFS. However, LEN may be associated with a higher incidence of AEs. Further head-to-head trials are required to demonstrate the superiority of ATE/BEV over LEN.
Effectiveness and Consequences of Direct Access in Physiotherapy: A Systematic Review

Background. Direct access in physiotherapy (DAPT) occurs when a patient has the ability to self-refer to physical therapy without physician referral. This model of care in musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) has shown better outcomes than the traditional-based medical model of care that requires physician referral to access physiotherapist services. This traditional physician referral often results in a delay in care. Unfortunately, DAPT is still not permitted in many countries. Objectives. The primary objective of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness, safety, and the accuracy of DAPT compared to the physician-led model of care for the management of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. The secondary objective of the present study is to define the physiotherapists’ characteristics or qualifications involved in DAPT. Materials and methods. Databases searched included: Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. Databases were searched from their inception to July 2022. Research strings were developed according to the PICO model of clinical questions (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome). Free terms or synonyms (e.g., physical therapy; primary health care; direct access; musculoskeletal disease; cost-effectiveness) and when possible MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were used and combined with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). Risk of bias assessment was carried out through Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB-2) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Authors conducted a qualitative analysis of the results through narrative analysis and narrative synthesis. The narrative analysis was provided for an extraction of the key concepts and common meanings of the different studies, while the summary narrative provided a textual combination of data. In addition, a quantitative analysis was conducted comparing the analysis of the mean and differences between the means. Results. Twenty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results show that DAPT had a high referral accuracy and a reduction in the rate of return visits. The medical model had a higher use of imaging, drugs, and referral to another specialist. DAPT was found to be more cost-effective than the medical model. DAPT resulted in better work-related outcomes and was superior when considering patient satisfaction. There were no adverse events noted in any of the studies. In regard to health outcomes, there was no difference between models. ROB-2 shows an intermediate risk of bias risk for the RCTs with an average of 6/9 points for the NOS scale for observational studies. Conclusion. DAPT is a safe, less expensive, reliable triage and management model of care that results in higher levels of satisfaction for patients compared to the traditional medical model. Prospero Registration Number: CRD42022349261.
Exploring the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation, Innovation and Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Absorptive Capacity and Technological Innovation Capability

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, innovation and financial performance, through the mediating role of absorptive capacity and technological innovation capability. The study used a quantitative research method to collect data via questionnaire from the executive officers of 156 startup organizations in Thailand. Respondents were selected using a simple random sampling method and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results demonstrate that entrepreneurship orientation is a variable directly and significantly correlated with innovation and financial performance. However, it was found that entrepreneurship orientation does not correlate indirectly with innovation or financial performance via the mediation of absorptive capacity and technological innovation capacity. The results of the study can enable startup businesses in Thailand to create and pay attention to the behavior of entrepreneurship orientation to improve the organization’s innovation and financial performance.
Marcus Cross-Relationship Probed by Time-Resolved CIDNP

The time-resolved CIDNP method can provide information about degenerate exchange reactions (DEEs) involving short-lived radicals. In the temperature range from 8 to 65 °C, the DEE reactions of the guanosine-5′-monophosphate anion GMP(-H)− with the neutral radical GMP(-H)•, of the N-acetyl tyrosine anion N-AcTyrO− with a neutral radical N-AcTyrO•, and of the tyrosine anion TyrO− with a neutral radical TyrO• were studied. In all the studied cases, the radicals were formed in the reaction of quenching triplet 2,2′-dipyridyl. The reorganization energies were obtained from Arrhenius plots. The rate constant of the reductive electron transfer reaction in the pair GMP(-H)•/TyrO− was determined at T = 25 °C. Rate constants of the GMP(-H)• radical reduction reactions with TyrO− and N-AcTyrO− anions calculated by the Marcus cross-relation differ from the experimental ones by two orders of magnitude. The rate constants of several other electron transfer reactions involving GMP(-H)−/GMP(-H)•, N-AcTyrO−/N-AcTyrO•, and TyrO−/TyrO• pairs calculated by cross-relation agree well with the experimental values. The rate of nuclear paramagnetic relaxation was found for the 3,5 and β-protons of TyrO• and N-AcTyrO•, the 8-proton of GMP(-H)•, and the 3,4-protons of DPH• at each temperature. In all cases, the dependences of the rate of nuclear paramagnetic relaxation on temperature are described by the Arrhenius dependence.