Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural mechanisms of social dominance

In a group setting, individuals' perceptions of their own level of dominance or of the dominance level of others, and the ability to adequately control their behavior based on these perceptions are crucial for living within a social environment. Recent advances in neural imaging and molecular technology have enabled researchers to investigate the neural substrates that support the perception of social dominance and the formation of a social hierarchy in humans. At the systems' level, recent studies showed that dominance perception is represented in broad brain regions which include the amygdala, hippocampus, striatum, and various cortical networks such as the prefrontal, and parietal cortices. Additionally, neurotransmitter systems such as the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, modulate and are modulated by the formation of the social hierarchy in a group. While these monoamine systems have a wide distribution and multiple functions, it was recently found that the Neuropeptide B/W contributes to the perception of dominance and is present in neurons that have a limited projection primarily to the amygdala. The present review discusses the specific roles of these neural regions and neurotransmitter systems in the perception of dominance and in hierarchy formation.
On Delay Fault Testing in Logic Circuits

Correct operation of a logic circuit requires propagation delays of all paths in the circuit to be smaller than the intended "clock interval. " Random or deterministic tests, conducted at the normal clocking rate, can be used to insure that path delays in manufactured circuits meet the specifications. Algorithms, based on a five-valued logic system, to accurately calculate the detection probability of path delay faults by random delay tests as well as to derive deterministic tests to detect path delay faults are proposed. The results can be used to determine the test length for a desired confidence level in testing a path fault when random tests are used, and to generate a test set for a list of delay faults when deterministic tests are used.
Global culture: a noise-induced transition in finite systems.

We analyze the effect of cultural drift, modeled as noise, in Axelrod's model for the dissemination of culture. The disordered multicultural frozen configurations are found not to be stable. This general result is proven rigorously in d=1, where the dynamics is described in terms of a Lyapunov potential. In d=2, the dynamics is governed by the average relaxation time T of perturbations. Noise at a rate r <or=T(-1) induces monocultural configurations, whereas r > or =T(-1) sustains disorder. In the thermodynamic limit, the relaxation time diverges and global polarization persists in spite of a dynamics of local convergence.
Maintenance of Genome Stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Most human cancer cells show signs of genome instability, ranging from elevated mutation rates to gross chromosomal rearrangements and alterations in chromosome number. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that generate this instability or how it is suppressed in normal cells. Recent studies of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae have begun to uncover the extensive and redundant pathways that keep the rate of genome rearrangements at very low levels. These studies, which we review here, have implicated more than 50 genes in the suppression of genome instability, including genes that function in S-phase checkpoints, recombination pathways, and telomere maintenance. Human homologs of several of these genes have well-established roles as tumor suppressors, consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanisms preserving genome stability in yeast are the same mechanisms that go awry in cancer.
Reference Zero for the Calibration of Audiometric Equipment using ‘Clicks’ as Test Signals

Intended as an input to international standardisation, this study investigated reference hearing thresholds for the calibration of audiometric equipment, which have been determined using ‘clicks’ as test signals, several kinds of earphones, and two types of transducers (a loudspeaker and a bone vibrator). The threshold measurements were carried out with groups of 25 test persons with normal hearing capability following as far as possible the ISO-preferred test conditions. The influence of different parameters on the results, such as click duration, polarisation mode, repetition rate, gender and age of the test persons, or type of ear simulator, was studied. The results mainly depend on the type of ear simulator used to calibrate corresponding audiometers. Together with the results of another investigation carried out in Denmark, the data of the present study shall form the basis for the coming International Standard ISO 389-6 on reference hearing thresholds for acoustic test signals of short duration.
A Cryptographic Key Assignment Scheme for Access Control in Poset Ordered Hierarchies with Enhanced Security

In a hierarchical structure, a user in a security class has access to information items of security classes of lower levels, but not of upper levels. Based upon cryptographic techniques, several schemes have been proposed for solving the problem of access control in hierarchal structures, which are based on only one cryptographic assumption. In this paper, we propose a scheme for access control in hierarchical structures that achieves better security, efficiency, flexibility and generality compared to the schemes previously published.
Dosimetric Comparison between Single and Dual Arc-Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using a Simultaneous Integrated Boost Technique

Backround: Plan quality and performance of dual arc (DA) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), single arc (SA) VMAT and nine field (9F) intensity modulated radiotherapy were compared using a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique. Methods: Twelve patients treated in Elekta Synergy Platform (mlci2) by 9F-IMRT were replanned with SA/DA-VMAT using a CMS Monaco Treatment Planning System (TPS) with Monte Carlo simulation. Target delineation was conducted as per Radiation Therapy Oncology Protocols (RTOG0225 and 0615). A 70Gy dose prescribed to PTV70 and 61Gy to PTV61 in 33 fractions was applied for the SIB technique. The conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI) for targets and the mean dose and maximum dose for OAR’s, treatment delivery time (min), monitor units (MUs) per fraction, normal tissue integral dose and patient specific quality assurance were analysed. Results: Acceptable target coverage was achieved for PTV70 and PTV61 with all the planning techniques. No significant differences were observed except for D98 (PTV61), CI(PTV70) and HI(PTV61). Maximum dose (Dmax) to the spinal cord was lower in DA-VMAT than 9F-IMRT (p=0.002) and SA-VMAT (p=0.001). D50 (%) of parotid glands was better controlled by 9F-IMRT (p=0.001) and DA-VMAT (p=0.001) than SA-VMAT. A lower mean dose to the larynx was achieved with 9F-IMRT (P=0.001) and DA-VMAT (p=0.001) than with SA-VMAT. DA-VMAT achieved higher CI of PTV70 (P= 0.005) than SA-VMAT. For PTV61, DA-VMAT (P=0.001) and 9F-IMRT (P=0.001) achieved better HI than SA-VMAT. The average treatment delivery times were 7.67mins, 3.35 mins, 4.65 mins for 9F-IMRT, SA-VMAT and DA-VMAT, respectively. No significant difference were observed in MU/fr (p=0.9) and NTID (P=0.90) and the patient quality assurance pass rates were >95% (gamma analysis I3mm, 3%). Conclusion: DA-VMAT showed better conformity over target dose and spared the OARs better or equal to IMRT. SA-VMAT could not spare the OARs well. DA-VMAT offered shorter delivery time than IMRT without compromising the plan quality.
Development of shopping assistant using extraction of text images for visually impaired

This paper proffers an application in order to expedite easy and innate shopping for the blind person in a super market. The pictures of the objects held are captured by the inbuilt camera in the mobile. The image is processed and consequently text localisation and extraction is done by which the label of the product is identified. This is converted to speech and given as voice output to the user. A bill calculator is also consolidated with this application which on receiving the voice/speech input from the user, calculates the total bill amount of the purchase. This bill amount is then sent as voice output to the user.
Dbf2–Mob1 drives relocalization of protein phosphatase Cdc14 to the cytoplasm during exit from mitosis

Exit from mitosis is characterized by a precipitous decline in cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity, dissolution of mitotic structures, and cytokinesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mitotic exit is driven by a protein phosphatase, Cdc14, which is in part responsible for counteracting Cdk activity. Throughout interphase, Cdc14 is sequestered in the nucleolus, but successful anaphase activates the mitotic exit network (MEN), which triggers dispersal of Cdc14 throughout the cell by a mechanism that has remained unknown. In this study, we show that a MEN component, protein kinase Dbf2–Mob1, promotes transfer of Cdc14 to the cytoplasm and consequent exit from mitosis by direct phosphorylation of Cdc14 on serine and threonine residues adjacent to a nuclear localization signal (NLS), thereby abrogating its NLS activity. Our results define a mechanism by which the MEN promotes exit from mitosis.
Upper bounds on all R-parity-violating $\lambda\lambda''$ combinations from proton stability

In an R-parity-violating supersymmetric theory, we derive upper bounds on all the \lambda''_{ijk}\lambda_{i'j'k'}-type combinations from the consideration of proton stability, where \lambda''_{ijk} are baryon-number-violating couplings involving three baryonic fields and \lambda_{i'j'k'} are lepton-number-violating couplings involving three leptonic fields.
EVALUATION OF FRESH AND CRYOPRESERVED HEPATOCYTES AS IN VITRO DRUG METABOLISM TOOLS FOR THE PREDICTION OF METABOLIC CLEARANCE

The intrinsic clearances (CLint) of 50 neutral and basic marketed drugs were determined in fresh human hepatocytes and the data used to predict human in vivo hepatic metabolic clearance (CLmet). A statistically significant correlation between scaled CLmet and actual CLmet was observed (r2 = 0.48, p < 0.05), and for 73% of the drugs studied, scaled clearances were within 2-fold of the actual clearance. These data have shown that CLint data generated in human hepatocytes can be used to provide estimates of human hepatic CLmet for both phase I and phase II processes. In addition, the utility of commercial and in-house cryopreserved hepatocytes was assessed by comparing with data derived from fresh cells. A set of 14 drugs metabolized by the major human cytochromes P450 (P450s) (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT1A1, 1A4, 1A9, and 2B7) have been used to characterize the activity of freshly isolated and cryopreserved human and dog hepatocytes. The cryopreserved human and dog cells retained on average 94% and 81%, respectively, of the CLint determined in fresh cells. Cryopreserved hepatocytes retain their full activity for more than 1 year in liquid N2 and are thus a flexible resource of hepatocytes for in vitro assays. In summary, this laboratory has successfully cryopreserved human and dog hepatocytes as assessed by the turnover of prototypic P450 and UGT substrates, and both fresh and cryopreserved human hepatocytes may be used for the prediction of human hepatic CLmet.
Inheritance of Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1C in the Diamondback Moth

Laboratory selection increased resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1C in a strain of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). The selected strain was derived from a field population that had evolved high levels of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and moderate resistance to Cry1C. Relative to the responses of a susceptible strain of diamondback moth, the resistance to Cry1C of the selected strain increased to 62-fold after six generations of selection. The realized heritability of resistance was 0.10. Analysis of F(inf1) hybrid progeny from reciprocal crosses between the selected strain and a susceptible strain showed that resistance to Cry1C was autosomally inherited. The dominance of resistance to Cry1C depended on the concentration; inheritance was increasingly dominant as the concentration decreased. Responses of progeny from single-pair families showed that resistance to Cry1C and resistance to Cry1Ab were inherited independently, which enhances opportunities for managing resistance. However, compared with projections based on previously reported recessive inheritance of resistance to Cry1A toxins, the potentially dominant inheritance of resistance to Cry1C observed here could accelerate evolution of resistance.
Evaluation of Adaptive Mixtures of Competing Experts

We compare the performance of the modular architecture, composed of competing expert networks, suggested by Jacobs, Jordan, Nowlan and Hinton (1991) to the performance of a single back-propagation network on a complex, but low-dimensional, vowel recognition task. Simulations reveal that this system is capable of uncovering interesting decompositions in a complex task. The type of decomposition is strongly influenced by the nature of the input to the gating network that decides which expert to use for each case. The modular architecture also exhibits consistently better generalization on many variations of the task.
Sum-of-Sinusoids-Based Fading Channel Models with Rician K-Factor and Vehicle Speed Ratio in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In this chapter, we propose an extended reference model and two novel sum-of-sinusoids (SoS) models (statistical and deterministic simulation models) propagation models considering the Rician K-factor and vehicle speed ratio in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). Our models consider comprehensive scene of wave propagation, including I2V (infrastructure-to-vehicle) channels with a LOS or NLOS environment, IVC (inter-vehicle communication) channels with a LOS or NLOS environment. The analysis of the statistical properties of the proposed models show that the statistics of the new models match those of the reference model at a large range of normalized time delays. The proposed models show improved approximations to the desired auto-correlation and faster convergence with the increase of Rician K-factor and vehicle speed ratio.
Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis. duo pollen Mutants Reveal Gametophytic Regulators of Generative Cell Cycle Progression1[w]

Male germ line development in flowering plants is initiated with the formation of the generative cell that is the progenitor of the two sperm cells. While structural features of the generative cell are well documented, genetic programs required for generative cell cycle progression are unknown. We describe two novel Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants, duo pollen1 (duo1) and duo pollen2 (duo2), in which generative cell division is blocked, resulting in the formation of bicellular pollen grains at anthesis. duo1 and duo2 map to different chromosomes and act gametophytically in a male-specific manner. Both duo mutants progress normally through the first haploid division at pollen mitosis I (PMI) but fail at distinct stages of the generative cell cycle. Mutant generative cells in duo1 pollen fail to enter mitosis at G2-M transition, whereas mutant generative cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells follow a simple S to M cycle. Mutant generative nuclei in duo1 complete DNA synthesis but bypass PMII and enter an endocycle during pollen maturation. However, mutant generative nuclei in duo2 arrest in prometaphase of PMII with a 2C DNA content. Our results identify two essential gametophytic loci required for progression through different phases of the generative cell cycle, providing the first evidence to our knowledge for genetic regulators of male germ line development in flowering plants.
Preferential Potentiation of the Effects of Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors by 5‐HT1A Receptor Antagonists in the Dorsal Raphe Pathway: Role of Somatodendritic Autoreceptors

Abstract: 5‐HT1A autoreceptor antagonists enhance the effects of antidepressants by preventing a negative feedback of serotonin (5‐HT) at somatodendritic level. The maximal elevations of extracellular concentration of 5‐HT (5‐HText) induced by the 5‐HT uptake inhibitor paroxetine in forebrain were potentiated by the 5‐HT1A antagonist WAY‐100635 (1 mg/kg s.c.) in a regionally dependent manner (striatum > frontal cortex > dorsal hippocampus). Paroxetine (3 mg/kg s.c.) decreased forebrain 5‐HText during local blockade of uptake. This reduction was greater in striatum and frontal cortex than in dorsal hippocampus and was counteracted by the local and systemic administration of WAY‐100635. The perfusion of 50 µmol/L citalopram in the dorsal or median raphe nucleus reduced 5‐HText in frontal cortex or dorsal hippocampus to 40 and 65% of baseline, respectively. The reduction of cortical 5‐HText induced by perfusion of citalopram in midbrain raphe was fully reversed by WAY‐100635 (1 mg/kg s.c.). Together, these data suggest that dorsal raphe neurons projecting to striatum and frontal cortex are more sensitive to self‐inhibition mediated by 5‐HT1A autoreceptors than median raphe neurons projecting to the hippocampus. Therefore, potentiation by 5‐HT1A antagonists occurs preferentially in forebrain areas innervated by serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus.
Web service derivatives

Web service development and usage has shifted from simple information processing services to high-value business services that are crucial to productivity and success. In order to deal with an increasing risk of unavailability or failure of mission-critical Web services we argue the need for advanced reservation of services in the form of derivatives. The contribution of this paper is twofold: First we provide an abstract model of a market design that enables the trade of derivatives for mission-critical Web services. Our model satisfies requirements that result from service characteristics such as intangibility and the impossibility to inventor services in order to meet fluctuating demand. It comprehends principles from models of incomplete markets such as the absence of a tradeable underlying and consistent arbitrage-free derivative pricing. Furthermore we provide an architecture for a Web service market that implements our model and describes the strategy space and interaction of market participants in the trading process of service derivatives. We compare the underlying pricing processes to existing derivative models in energy exchanges, discuss eventual shortcomings, and apply Wavelets to analyze actual data and extract long- and short-term trends.
The Bluetooth Medallion: a wearable device for human MANETs

This paper introduces the Bluetooth Medallion (BTM), a device especially designed to work in Human Mobile Ad-Hoc NETworks (MANETs). Its main areas of application are: the collection of high granularity connectivity data through time (detection of nearby nodes) and testbed to evaluate and refine MANET routing protocols. We present an ongoing long term experiment carried out in an office scenario where a Bluetooth Human MANET has been set up to collect proximity information of people vs people and people vs anchors during a long period of time. At the end of this experiment a publicly available dataset with the connectivity data will be set up. Dynamic Weighted MultiDimensional Scaling with Binary Filter (DWMDS-BF), our connectivity based tracking system, will obtain people real tracking traces based on the connectivity data. Compared to previous works, the Bluetooth Medallion is a device that grants more reliability and a higher sample rate looking for nearby nodes (high granularity) than the devices used so far.
Co-operative content adaptation framework: satisfying consumer and content creator in resource constrained browsing

Mobile Web is characterized by two salient features, ubiquitous access to content and limited resources, like bandwidth and battery. Since most web pages are designed for the wired Internet, it is challenging to adapt the pages seamlessly to ensure a satisfactory mobile web experience. Content heavy web pages lead to longer load time on mobile browsers. Pre-defined load order of items in a page does not adapt to mobile browsing habits, where user looks for different snippets of a page to load under different contexts. Web content adaptation for mobile web has mainly focused on the user to define her preferences for content. We propose a framework where content creator is additionally included in guiding the adaptation. Allowing content creator to specify importance of items in a page also helps in factoring her incentives by pushing revenue generating content. We present mechanisms to enable cooperative content adaptation. Preliminary results show the efficacy of cooperative content adaptation in resource constrained mobile browsing scenario.
Data Caching in Networks with Reading, Writing and Storage Costs

Caching can signiflcantly improve the e‐ciency of information access in networks by reducing the access latency and bandwidth/energy usage. However, caching in too many nodes can take up too much memory, incur extensive caching-related tra‐c, and hence, may even result in performance degradation. In this article, we address the problem of caching data items in networks with the objective of minimizing the overall cost under the constraint that the data item can be cached at only a limited number of network nodes. More formally, given a network, the access pattern of the data item to be shared (i.e., read and write frequencies to the data item by each node), and the storage cost (cost of caching the data item) at each node, our goal is to select at most P cache nodes so as to minimize the sum of reading, writing, and storage costs. We flrst consider networks with a tree topology and design an optimal dynamic programming algorithm which runs in O(n 2 P 2 ), where n is the size of the network and P is the allowed number of caches. For the general graph topology, where the problem is NP-complete, we present a centralized heuristic which is amenable to an e‐cient distributed implementation. Through extensive simulations in general topology graphs, we show that the centralized heuristic performs very close to the exponential optimal algorithm for small networks. In larger networks, we observe that the distributed implementation as well as the dynamic programming algorithm on an appropriately extracted tree perform quite close to the centralized heuristic.
Discriminating single-base difference miRNA expressions using microarray Probe Design Guru (ProDeG)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenous tissue-specific short RNAs that regulate gene expression. Discriminating each let-7 family member expression is especially important due to let-7's abundance and connection with development and cancer. However, short lengths (22 nt) and similarities between multiple sequences have prevented identification of individual members. Here, we present ProDeG, a computational algorithm which designs imperfectly matched sequences (previously yielding only noise levels in microarray experiments) for genome-wide microarray “signal” probes to discriminate single nucleotide differences and to improve probe qualities. Our probes for the entire let-7 family are both homogeneous and specific, verified using microarray signals from fluorescent dye-tagged oligonucleotides corresponding to the let-7 family, demonstrating the power of our algorithm. In addition, false let-7c signals from conventional perfectly-matched probes were identified in lymphoblastoid cell-line samples through comparison with our probe-set signals, raising concerns about false let-7 family signals in conventional microarray platform.