Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active learning with minimum expected error for spoken language understanding

An electrical resistance-roll seam welding machine having a pair of welding rolls or rollers and at least one electrode wire which is guided from a supply station for the infeed of fresh welding wire by means of at least one of the welding rolls to a collecting station or location for used or consumed wire. The electrode wire can be brought into contact by means of the welding rolls with the workpiece which is to be welded. A brake device is arranged between the supply station and the welding rolls and a tension device for the electrode wire is disposed between the welding rolls and the collecting station or location. The sum of the tension force exerted by the tension device upon the wire and the brake force exerted by the brake device upon the wire is great enough in order to continuously maintain in tensioned state the electrode wire through its path of travel between the brake device and the tension device. At least one of the welding rolls is operatively coupled with a drive device which imparts to the electrode wire which is guided by means of said one welding roll a speed of travel coinciding with the desired feed speed of the workpieces during the formation of the welding seam. The difference between the tension force exerted by the tension device upon the wire and the brake force exerted by the brake device upon the wire is smaller than the entrainment force exerted by the periphery of said one welding roll upon the electrode wire.
Impact of health insurance status changes on healthcare utilisation patterns: a longitudinal cohort study in South Korea

Objectives The study examined medical care utilisation by health insurance status changes. Setting The Korean Welfare Panel Study (KoWePs) was used. Participants This study analysed 14 267 participants at baseline (2006). Interventions The individuals were categorised into four health insurance status groups: continuous health insurance, change from health insurance to Medical Aid, change from Medical Aid to health insurance, or continuous Medical Aid. Primary and secondary outcome measures Three dependent variables were also analysed: days spent in hospital; number of outpatient visits; and hospitalisations per year. Longitudinal data analysis was used to determine whether changes in health insurance status were associated with healthcare utilisation. Results The number of outpatient visits per year was 0.1. 363 times higher (p<0.0001) in the continuous Medical Aid than in the continuous health insurance group. The number of hospitalisations per year was 1.560 times higher (p<0.001) in new Medical Aid and −0.636 times lower (p<0.001) in new health insurance than in continuous health insurance group. The number of days spent in hospital per year was −0.567 times lower (p=0.021) in the new health insurance than in the continuous health insurance group. Conclusions Health insurance beneficiaries with a coverage level lower than Medical Aid showed lower healthcare utilisation, as measured by the number of hospitalisations and days spent in hospital per year.
The role of fungi in diseases of the nose and sinuses

Background Human exposure to fungal elements is inevitable, with normal respiration routinely depositing fungal hyphae within the nose and paranasal sinuses. Fungal species can cause sinonasal disease, with clinical outcomes ranging from mild symptoms to intracranial invasion and death. There has been much debate regarding the precise role fungal species play in sinonasal disease and optimal treatment strategies. Methods A literature review of fungal diseases of the nose and sinuses was conducted. Results Presentation, diagnosis, and current management strategies of each recognized form of fungal rhinosinusitis was reviewed. Conclusion Each form of fungal rhinosinusitis has a characteristic presentation and clinical course, with the immune status of the host playing a critical pathophysiological role. Accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies are necessary to achieve optimal outcomes.
Bilinear Semi-classical Moment Functionals and Their Integral Representation

We introduce the notion of bilinear moment functional and study their general properties. The analogue of Favard's theorem for moment functionals is proven. The notion of semi-classical bilinear functionals is introduced as a generalization of the corresponding notion for moment functionals and motivated by the applications to multi-matrix random models. Integral representations of such functionals are derived and shown to be linearly independent.
Organisational Flexibility: a simulation model

Several theoretical and empirical studies identify main components of Organisational Flexibility (OF) and show the relations between them. However, comprehensive analysis of these interrelations over time through the implementation of organisational change remains a challenge. This article presents a simulation model of OF when change strategies are implemented confronting several states of environmental turbulence. Two models have been developed to analyse patterns of behaviours in a simulation environment. The first model represents the translation of the existing theory of OF. New understandings about the original theory were generated leading to a second model with new constructs to be considered. The second model incorporates the firm’s ability to change conditioned by the effects of the resistance to change, the managers’ perceptions of real environmental changes and, the delays originated by the implementation period of concrete changes at organisational level. The simulation experiments conducted with both models suggest that the impact of change strategies on organisational flexibility at different levels of environmental turbulence could be studied as a complex concept. As a consequence, a more robust theoretical model in Organizational Flexibility is provided.
Giant Multi-Compartmental Trigeminal Neurinoma in a Child: A Case Report

We report a case of solitary giant multi-compartmental trigeminal neurinoma in a 10 year old female child, without the stigmata of neurofibromatosis.The child presented with headache, vomiting, dysarthria, diplopia and altered sensorium.Neuroimaging revealed a giant multi-compartmental trigeminal neurinoma measuring 6.8 x 4.3 x 4.0 cm in size. The tumor was successfully removed by single stage petrosal approach. It is extremely rare for a solitary giant neuri- noma to occur at this site in a child without neurofibromatosis. Advantages of petrosal approach in such type of tumor are discussed. As per author's knowledge, this is the largest trigeminal neurinoma reported till date in a child.
Money-Market Rates and Retail Interest Regulation in China: The Disconnect between Interbank and Retail Credit Conditions

Interest rates in China are composed of a mix of both market-determined interest rates (interbank rates and bond yields), and regulated interest rates (retail lending and deposit rates), reflecting China’s gradual process of interest rate liberalization. This paper investigates the main drivers of China’s interbank rates by developing a stylized theoretical model of China’s interbank market and estimating an EGARCH model for 7-day interbank repo rates. Our empirical findings suggest that movements in administered interest rates (part of the People’s Bank of China’s monetary policy toolkit) are important determinants of market-determined interbank rates, in both levels and volatility. The announcement effects of reserve requirement changes also influence interbank rates, as well as liquidity injections from open market operations in recent years. Our results indicate that the regulation of key retail interest rates influences the behaviour of marketdetermined interbank rates, which may have limited their independence as price signals. Further deposit rate liberalization should allow short-term interbank rates to play a more effective role as the primary indirect monetary policy tool.
Uncertainty Management for On-Line Optimisation of a POMDP-Based Large-Scale Spoken Dialogue System

The optimization of dialogue policies using reinforcement learning (RL) is now an accepted part of the state of the art in spoken dialogue systems (SDS). Yet, it is still the case that the commonly used training algorithms for SDS require a large number of dialogues and hence most systems still rely on artificial data generated by a user simulator. Optimization is therefore performed off-line before releasing the system to real users. Gaussian Processes (GP) for RL have recently been applied to dialogue systems. One advantage of GP is that they compute an explicit measure of uncertainty in the value function estimates computed during learning. In this paper, a class of novel learning strategies is described which use uncertainty to control exploration on-line. Comparisons between several exploration schemes show that significant improvements to learning speed can be obtained and that rapid and safe online optimisation is possible, even on a complex task.
Computational Aeroacoustics : Overview and Numerical Methods

In these lecture notes, we discuss the goals of computational aeroacoustics (CAA) and the numerical techniques that have been developed to achieve them. We first survey the scientific and engineering issues that have motivated computational approaches to aeroacoustic problems over the past few decades, and define choices of flow model and numerical algorithms that are appropriate to the differing goals and applications. Next we examine numerical algorithms for computation of aerodynamic sound in detail, with the aim of acquainting the student with ssues that drive the design of algorithms. In order to keep these notes as brief as possible, no attempt is made to survey the extensive literature on CAA. The student may consult recent reviews of CAA [1, 2] for a more complete summary of the field and complete references to the archival literature.
Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Injuries Are Induced by Various Irrigation Pressures in Rabbit Models of Mild and Severe Hydronephrosis

Objective We aimed to study whether tolerance to irrigation pressure could be modified by evaluating the oxidative damage of obstructed kidneys based on rabbit models experiencing different degrees of hydronephrosis. Methods A total of 66 rabbits were randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group. In the experimental groups, the rabbits underwent a surgical procedure inducing mild (group M, n=24) or severe (group S, n=24) hydronephrosis. In each experimental group, the rabbits were then randomly divided into 4 subgroups (M0-M3 and S0-S3) consisting of 6 rabbits each. Group 0 received no perfusion. Groups 1 through 3 were perfused with 20, 60 and 100 mmHg fluid, respectively. For the control group, after a sham operation was performed, the rabbits were divided into 4 subgroups and were perfused with fluid at 0, 20, 60 or 100 mmHg of pressure. Kidney injuries was evaluated by neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL). Oxidative damage was assessed by analyzing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and peroxide (H2O2) levels, mitochondrial injuries was assessed by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the mitochondrial ultrastructure and tubular cell apoptosis. Results In the experimental groups, all results were similar for groups 0 and 1. In group 2, abnormalities were observed in the S group only, and the kidneys of rabbits in group 3 suffered oxidative damage and mitochondrial injuries with increased NGAL, decreased Mn-SOD, GR and CAT,increased MDA and H2O2, lower levels of MMP, mitochondrial vacuolization and an increased apoptotic index. Conclusion In rabbits, severely obstructed kidneys were more susceptible to oxidative damage and mitochondrial injury than mildly obstructed kidneys when subjected to higher degrees of kidney perfusion pressure.
Tailoring dielectric resonator geometries for directional scattering, Huygens' metasurfaces, and high quality-factor Fano resonances

Metamaterial dielectric resonators represent a promising path toward low-loss metamaterials at optical frequencies. In this paper we utilize perturbations of high symmetry resonator geometries, such as cubes, either to overlap the electric and magnetic dipole resonances, thereby enabling directional scattering and Huygens' metasurfaces, or to induce couplings between the otherwise orthogonal resonator modes to achieve high-quality factor Fano resonances. Our results are fully scalable across any frequency bands where high-permittivity dielectric materials are available, including microwave, THz and infrared frequencies.
AN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CIDOC CONCEPTUAL REFERENCE MODEL ( 4 . 2 . 4 ) IN OWL-DL

CIDOC’s CRM has been introduced as a formal reference ontology with a particular focus on cultural heritage documentation. Meanwhile acknowledged as an ISO standard (21127:2006), one of its main goals is to facilitate interoperability between data and database schemata. In order to take full advantage of CRM’s benefits, an implementation in a modern knowledge representation language has been a desideratum for quite a while. Suitable candidates for very expressive, albeit decidable knowledge representation languages are Description Logics. A dialect of the Web Ontology Language, OWL-DL, based on XML and RDF/RDFS(FA) within the Semantic Web language hierarchy, is equivalent to a very expressive description logic. To satisfy the needs arising from practical applications, we have developed an implementation of the most recent CRM version in OWL-DL. We will discuss problems of formalization of the scope notes by a few typical examples, and, furthermore, point out some problems in the design of the CRM which may lead to future improvements. As a practical example, a comprehensive XML database containing documentation of paintings and sculptures as supplied by the German National Museum in Nuremberg (GNM), has been turned into a domain ontology for which CRM/OWL serves as a foundational reference ontology.
Direct Sum Questions in Classical Communication Complexity

In 1988, Karchmer and Wigderson generalized Yao’s two-party communication model of functions to relations and showed a remarkable connection of this model to the Boolean circuit model. A few years later, continuing this line of work, Karchmer, Raz, and Wigderson proposed a program to separate NC from P through direct-sum-type inequalities in communication complexity. This spurred the study of this fundamental question in communication complexity: given problems A and B, is it easier to solve A and B together than separately? It seems that we are still far from separating NC from P ; however, during the last 20 years of research our knowledge of the behavior of dierent communication complexity measures with respect to the direct sum has seen a lot of progress. We survey some of these results and make a new observation about the recent approach to the direct-sum question in the randomized setting.
Isomorphic Constructions of Tail-Biting Trellises for Linear Block Codes

In this paper, a new approach of constructing tail- biting trellises for linear block codes is presented. It is proved that any minimal tail-biting trellis can be constructed by the recursive process of uniting two isomorphic subgraphs from the well-known Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv(BCJR) constructed conventional trellises. Furthermore, several properties of isomorphic constructions of tail-biting trellises are discussed.
Toward automatic generation of user interfaces: Abstraction of internal states and transitions

Abstract In this paper we discuss a formal approach and methodology for reducing and Abstracting the internal states and transitions of a (discrete-event) system representation. The resulting Abstracted description, called the “user model,” forms the foundation of the user interface as it formulates the necessary modes, states and transitions that drive the interface.
Nuclear translocation and activation of YAP by hypoxia contributes to the chemoresistance of SN38 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Although hypoxia is a prominent feature contributing to the therapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) against chemotherapeutic agents, including the Topoisomerase I inhibitor SN38, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood and its understanding remains a major clinical challenge. In the present study, we found that hypoxia-induced nuclear translocation and accumulation of YAP acted as a survival input to promote resistance to SN38 in HCC. The induction of YAP by hypoxia was not mediated by HIF-1α because manipulating the abundance of HIF-1α with CoCl2, exogenous expression, and RNA interference had no effect on the phosphorylation or total levels of YAP. The mevalonate-HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) pathway may modulate the YAP activation under hypoxia. Combined YAP inhibition using either siRNA or the HMGCR inhibitor statins together with SN38 treatment produced improved anti-cancer effects in HCC cells. The increased anti-cancer effect of the combined treatment with statins and irinotecan (the prodrug of SN-38) was further validated in a human HepG2 xenograft model of HCC in nude mice. Taken together, our findings identify YAP as a novel mediator of hypoxic-resistance to SN38. These results suggest that the administration of SN28 together with the suppression of YAP using statins is a promising strategy for enhancing the treatment response in HCC patients, particularly in advanced stage HCC cases presenting hypoxic resistance.
Maximal contact and normal crossings in resolution of singularities

Constructive proofs of resolution of singularities over fields of characteristic zero are defined in terms of the order of ideals. However the function order has to be corrected, in order to compute centers having normal crossings with the previous exceptional divisor E. In this paper we present an algorithm of resolution of singularities (in characteristic zero), constructed using a function κE which plays the role of the function order. The function κE has not to be corrected since it encodes enough information of the exceptional divisor E. In fact this function allows to find regular hypersurfaces of maximal contact and having normal crossings with E.
Bandwidth extension of voltage follower using DTMOS transistor

In this paper, we have proposed a new approach to improve the bandwidth of unity gain voltage follower. This approach is based on using a dynamic threshold MOS transistor (DTMOS). The bandwidth of the proposed voltage follower has been enhanced by a factor of nearly 2.5. Use of DTMOS transistor also improves the input signal range of the proposed voltage follower. The proposed and conventional circuits have been mapped on to the 180 nm CMOS technology. Simulations at low supply voltage of 1 Volt validate the proposed voltage follower cell. A squarer circuit designed using proposed follower also shows wideband operation as compared to its conventional version. Thus proposed voltage follower is promising for low voltage wideband applications.
Statistical modeling and steganalysis of DFT-based image steganography

An accurate statistical model of cover images is essential to the success of both steganography and steganalysis. We study the statistics of the full-frame two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients of natural images and show that the independently and identically distributed model with unit exponential distribution is not a sufficiently accurate description of the statistics of normalized image periodograms. Consequently, the stochastic quantization index modulation (QIM) algorithm that aims at preserving this model is detectable in principle. To discriminate the resulted stegoimages from cover images, we train a learning system on them. Building upon a state-of-the-art steganalysis method using the statistical moments of wavelet characteristic functions, we propose new features that are more sensitive to data embedding. The addition of these features significantly improves the steganalyzer's receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
The ranking game

In the web, page creators often compete for their ranking on relevant search queries, as high ranking attracts users and may lead to increased revenues. The positive effect of this competition is that it encourages page owners to improve their content. However, some techniques used for this improvement, such as keyword stuffing, are considered harmful. Current search engine literature largely ignores the interplay between the retrieval system and the pages' content evolvement. This paper studies the above phenomenon. We model pages as strategic players, competing for a better rank by content manipulations, while the search engine controls the ranking mechanism. We show that such competition may degrade retrieval effectiveness as irrelevant pages tend to outrank better ones. Further, we investigate how the search engine's choice of a ranking scheme may reduce the incentive to manipulate the page content. Finally, we propose a novel ranking solution that empirically minimizes the adverse effect on a real dataset.
Drug interactions in oncology: how common are they?

BACKGROUND Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) comprise an important problem in medical oncology practice. We systematically reviewed the frequency of DDIs in oncology. METHODS We searched PubMed for eligible articles and on-line databases for abstracts of major oncology meetings. RESULTS Eight studies reported on the frequency of DDIs: six evaluated the frequency of potential DDIs, while two studies reported on real DDIs, i.e. interactions that had clinical consequences. Studies of potential DDIs found that approximately one-third of patients are exposed to dangerous drug doublets, with the most common ones involving warfarin and anticonvulsants. One study of real DDIs found that 2% of hospitalized cancer patients had a DDI as the cause of admission. CONCLUSIONS Drug interactions comprise an important issue in oncology, with approximately one-third of ambulatory cancer patients being at risk of DDIs. Data are limited on the clinical consequences of drug interactions among cancer patients.