Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the initial steps in the T7 DNA ejection process

A specialized complex, the tail, is the most common strategy employed by bacterial viruses to deliver their genome without disrupting cell integrity. T7 has a short, non-contractile tail formed by a tubular structure surrounded by fibers. Recent studies showed that incubation of the virus with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) resulted in complete delivery of the viral genome, demonstrating for the first time that LPS are the T7 receptor. Further screening of the bacterial envelope for proteinaceous compounds that affect T7 ejection showed that porins OmpA and OmpF affect viral particle adsorption and infection kinetics, suggesting that these proteins play a role in the first steps of virus-host interaction. Comparison of the structures before and after ejection showed the conformational changes needed in the tail for genome delivery. Structural similarities between T7 and other viruses belonging to the Podoviridae family suggests that they could also follow a similar DNA ejection mechanism.
Concept Development of the Eindhoven Diabetes Education Simulator Project.

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to define the concept of an educational diabetes game following a user-centered design approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The concept development of the Eindhoven Diabetes Education Simulator (E-DES) project can be divided in two phases: concept generation and concept evaluation. Four concepts were designed by the multidisciplinary development team based on the outcomes of user interviews. Four other concepts resulted from the Diabetes Game Jam. Several users and experts evaluated the concepts. These user evaluations and a feasibility analysis served as input for an overall evaluation and discussion by the development team resulting in the final concept choice. RESULTS The four concepts of the development team are a digital board game, a quiz platform, a lifestyle simulator, and a puzzle game. The Diabetes Game Jam resulted in another digital board game, two mobile swipe games, and a fairy tale-themed adventure game. The combined user evaluations and feasibility analysis ranked the quiz platform and the digital board game equally high. Each of these games fits one specific subgroup of users best: the quiz platform best fits an eager-to-learn, more individualistic patient, whereas the board game best fits a less-eager-to-learn, family-oriented patient. The choice for a specific concept is therefore highly dependent on the choice of our specific target audience. CONCLUSIONS The user-centered design approach with multiple evaluations has enabled us to choose the most promising concept from eight different options. A digital board game is chosen for further development because the target audience for E-DES is the less-motivated, family-oriented patients.
PCS: An Efficient Clustering Method for High-Dimensional Data

Clustering algorithms play an important role in data analysis and information retrieval. How to obtain a clustering for a large set of highdimensional data suitable for database applications remains a challenge. We devise in this paper a set-theoretic clustering method called PCS (Pairwise Consensus Scheme) for high-dimensional data. Given a large set of d-dimensional data, PCS first constructs ( d p ) clusterings, where p ≤ d is a small number (e.g., p = 2 or p = 3) and each clustering is constructed on data projected to a combination of p selected dimensions using an existing p-dimensional clustering algorithm. PCS then constructs, using a greedy pairwise comparison technique based on a recent clustering algorithm [1], a near-optimal consensus clustering from these projected clusterings to be the final clustering of the original data set. We show that PCS incurs only a moderate I/O cost, and the memory requirement is independent of the data size. Finally, we carry out numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of PCS.
Trans nite Reductions in Orthogonal Term Rewriting

We deene the notion of transsnite term rewriting: rewriting in which terms may be innnitely large and rewrite sequences may be of any ordinal length. For orthogonal rewrite systems, some fundamental properties known in the nite case are extended to the transsnite case. Among these are the Parallel Moves lemma and the Unique Normal Form property. The transsnite Church-Rosser property (CR 1) fails in general, even for orthogonal systems, including such well-known systems as Combinatory Logic. Syntactic characterisations are given of some classes of orthogonal TRSs which do satisfy CR 1. We also prove a weakening of CR 1 for all orthogonal systems, in which the property is only required to hold up to a certain equivalence relation on terms. Finally, we extend the theory of needed reduction from the nite to the transsnite case. The reduction strategy of needed reduction is normalising in the nite case, but not in the transsnite case. To obtain a normalising strategy, it is necessary and suucient to add a requirement of fairness. Parallel outermost reduction is such a strategy.
GDUFS at Slot Filling TAC-KBP 2012

This document describes our first attempt at Slot Filling task at TAC-KBP 2012. We construct a baseline system consisting of four components, i.e. query expansion, document retrieval, pattern learning and matching, and answer selection and filtering. We are pleased to identify areas for improvement and directions for exploring new approaches based on the groundwork prepared for this task.
Causes underlying pre-service teachers' negative beliefs and anxieties about mathematics

This article reports on a study that investigated the causes underlying a sample of eighteen third-year Australian pre-service primary teachers’ negative beliefs and anxiety about mathematics. It was found that most of the participants’ maths-anxiety could be attributed to their primary school experiences in learning mathematics. Situations such as teaching mathematics or being evaluated in mathematics were noted as particularly stressful and mathematical topics such as algebra, space and number sense were specifically identified to cause mathsanxiety. The paper concludes with a brief discussion about the implications of these findings for an ensuing program whose purpose is to help these pre-service teachers address their negative beliefs and anxieties about mathematics.
WIDE VARIATION IN PLOIDY LEVEL AND GENOME SIZE IN A NEW ZEALAND FRESHWATER SNAIL WITH COEXISTING SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL LINEAGES

Natural animal populations are rarely screened for ploidy‐level variation at a scale that allows detection of potentially important aberrations of common ploidy patterns. This type of screening can be especially important for the many mixed sexual/asexual systems in which sexuals are presumed to be dioecious diploids and asexuals are assumed to be triploid and all‐female. For example, elevation of ploidy level above triploidy can be a source of genetic variation and raises the possibility of gene flow among ploidy levels and to asexual lineages. We used flow cytometry and mtDNA sequencing to characterize ploidy level and genome size in Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand freshwater snail where obligate sexual (presumed diploid and dioecious) and obligate apomictic asexual (presumed triploid and nearly all female) individuals frequently coexist. We documented the widespread occurrence and multiple origins of polyploid males and individuals with >3× ploidy, and find that both are likely to be descended from asexual females. Our survey also suggested the existence of extensive variation in genome size. The discovery of widespread variation in ploidy level and genome size in such a well‐studied system highlights the importance of broad, extensive, and ecologically representative sampling in uncovering ploidy level and genome‐size variation in natural populations.
Impact of Video Games on Manual Dexterity

The impact of video games on adolescent behaviour is well studied, with literature reporting both negative and positive relationships. This paper demonstrates a link between video game playing and time to complete a manual task. We conclude that the playing of 1 hour of video games has a dramatic effect on assembly time, more than halving the time to assemble the equipment, from 8 seconds to 4 seconds.
Omnidirectional Disturbance Rejection for a Biped Robot by Acceleration Optimization

Biped robots are expected to keep stability after experiencing unknown disturbances which often exist in human daily environments. This paper presents a novel method to reject omnidirectional disturbances by optimizing the accelerations of the floating base of the robot. The optimized accelerations keep the desired external forces within their constraints and generate coordinated whole-body motion to reject disturbances from all directions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations with disturbance-rejection scenarios.
Shared Perceptions

Morality helps make social life possible, but social life is embedded in many social contexts. Research on morality has generally neglected this and instead has emphasized people’s general beliefs. We therefore investigated the extent to which different moral principles are perceived as embedded in social contexts. We conducted two studies investigating how diverse social contexts influence beliefs about the operative moral principles in distinct group types. Study 1 examined these perceptions using a within-subjects design, whereas Study 2 utilized a between-subjects design. We found a high degree of consensus among raters concerning the operative moral principles in groups, and each group type was characterized by a qualitatively distinct pattern of applicable moral principles. Political orientation, a focus of past research on morality, had a small influence on beliefs about operative moral principles. The implications of these findings for our understanding of morality and its functional role in groups are discussed.
Resolution is a Decision Procedure for Many Propositional Modal Logics

The paper shows satis ability in many propositional modal systems can be decided by ordinary resolution procedures. This follows from a general result that resolution and condensing is a decision procedure for the satis ability problem of formulae in so-called path logics. Path logics arise from propositional and normal uniand multi-modal logics by the optimised functional translation method. The decision result provides an alternative decision proof for the relevant modal logics (including K, KD, KT and KB, their combinations as well as their multi-modal versions), and related systems in arti cial intelligence. This alone is not interesting. A more far-reaching consequence of the result has practical value, namely, any standard rst-order theorem prover that is based on resolution can serve as a reasonable and e cient inference tool for modal reasoning.
Dilemmas of Desire: Teenage Girls Talk About Sexuality

dilemmas of desire teenage girls talk about sexuality are a good way to achieve details about operating certainproducts. Many products that you buy can be obtained using instruction manuals. These user guides are clearlybuilt to give step-by-step information about how you ought to go ahead in operating certain equipments. Ahandbook is really a user's guide to operating the equipments. Should you loose your best guide or even the productwould not provide an instructions, you can easily obtain one on the net. You can search for the manual of yourchoice online. Here, it is possible to work with google to browse through the available user guide and find the mainone you'll need. On the net, you'll be able to discover the manual that you might want with great ease andsimplicity
Uncovering competitive and institutional drivers of HRM practices in multinational corporations

Current international human resource management (IHRM) literature focusing on multinational corporations (MNCs) presents evidence of both similarities and differences in the HR practices adopted in different global locations. However, the drivers behind this duality require more detailed investigation. This article focuses on exploring why MNCs position themselves within global markets as they do, exploring how extant theory can help explain the drivers behind both global and national HR practices. Based on a worldwide sample of in-depth interview-based case studies of well-known MNCs, we explore the ways in which different firms react to both institutional and competitive pressures in selecting their approach to HRM. The findings uncover a differentiation between external global competitive isomorphic pressures, external national institutional isomorphic pressures, and internal processes of strategic choice and competitive differentiation. It is suggested that MNCs face all three drivers of HRM simultaneously, leading to different patterns of practice adoption, adaptation and innovation.
Deep images of cluster radio halos

New radio data are presented for the clusters A401, A545, A754, A1914, A2219 and A2390, where the presence of diuse radio emission was suggested from the images of the NRAO VLA Sky Survey. Sensitive images of these clusters, obtained with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 20 cm confirm the existence of the diuse sources and allow us to derive their fluxes and intrinsic parameters. The correlation between the halo radio power and cluster X-ray luminosity is derived for a large sample of halo clusters, and is briefly discussed.
Eleven years of occupational mortality in law enforcement: The census of fatal occupational injuries, 1992-2002.

BACKGROUND Occupational injury deaths remain high for Law Enforcement Officers (LEOs). This study describes and compares intentional and transportation-related fatality rates in US LEOs between 1992 and 2002. METHODS Workplace injury deaths among LEOs from 1992 to 2002 were categorized into "Intentional," "Transportation-related," and "Other," using the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Occupations included in this analysis were sheriffs and bailiffs, police and detectives, non-public service guards, and correctional officers. Fatality rates were compared among law enforcement occupations, cause of death, and demographics with rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS During the 11-year period, 2,280 workers died from an occupational injury, for a fatality rate of 11.8 per 100,000 across all LEO occupations. Forty-seven percent were homicides (n = 1,072, rate 5.6 per 100,000), 36% transportation-related (n = 815, rate 4.2 per 100,000), 11% were due to other causes (n = 249, rate 1.3 per 100,000), and 5% were workplace suicides (n = 122, rate 0.6 per 100,000). The proportion of fatalities by cause of death differed significantly between occupations (P < 0.0001). Sheriffs and bailiffs experience a high risk for occupational injury death compared to other law enforcement occupations. Of the transportation-related fatalities, LEOs were operating a motor-vehicle in 58% of the incidents and 22% of the fatalities were struck by incidents. CONCLUSIONS Transportation-related deaths were nearly as common as homicides as a cause of occupational injury death among US LEOs. Struck by vehicle incidents remain an important and overlooked cause of death. This research points to opportunities for the prevention of transportation-related deaths in law enforcement.
Compressed Domain Video Processing for Tile Based Panoramic Streaming using SHVC

Panoramic streaming is a particular way of video streaming where an arbitrary Region-of-Interest (RoI) of high-spatial resolution videos is transmitted, allowing users to navigate around the video and leading to an immersive experience. Tile based streaming has been proposed in the past and is drawing a lot of attention to provide a solution that scales well. In tile base streaming the video is divided into multiple tiles and a subset of tiles of interest is transmitted to the viewer. We propose a low-complexity compressed domain video processing technique, which uses H.265/SHVC and generates a single video bitstream from the selected tiles so that single hardware decoders can be used to decode the RoI video stream. Additionally, the proposed technique makes it possible to use Open GOP structures in the output layer without incurring in any interruption at switching events, which provides a better compression efficiency compared to closed GOP structures.
Cognitively diagnostic assessment

Contents: Preface. S.F. Chipman, P.D. Nichols, R.L. Brennan, Introduction. A.T. Corbett, J.R. Anderson, A.T. O'Brien, Student Modeling in the ACT Programming Tutor. R.J. Mislevy, Probability-Based Inference in Cognitive Diagnosis. D.H. Gitomer, L.S. Steinberg, R.J. Mislevy, Diagnostic Assessment of Troubleshooting Skill in an Intelligent Tutoring System. K.L. Draney, P. Pirolli, M. Wilson, A Measurement Model for a Complex Cognitive Skill. T.A. Polk, K. VanLehn, D. Kalp, ASPM2: Progress Toward the Analysis of Symbolic Parameter Models. J. Martin, K. VanLehn, A Bayesian Approach to Cognitive Assessment. G. Biswas, S.R. Goldman, D. Fisher, B. Bhuva, G. Glewwe, Assessing Design Activity in Complex CMOS Circuit Design. D. DuBois, V.L. Shalin, Adapting Cognitive Methods to Real-World Objectives: An Application to Job Knowledge Testing. P.J. Johnson, T.E. Goldsmith, K.W. Teague, Similarity, Structure, and Knowledge: A Representational Approach to Assessment. B.K. Britton, P. Tidwell, Cognitive Structure Testing: A Computer System for Diagnosis of Expert-Novice Differences. M. Naveh-Benjamin, Y-G. Lin, W.J. McKeachie, Inferring Students' Cognitive Structures and Their Development Using the "Fill-in-the-Structure" (FITS) Technique. J.E. Corter, Using Clustering Methods to Explore the Structure of Diagnostic Tests. K.K. Tatsuoka, Architecture of Knowledge Structures and Cognitive Diagnosis: A Statistical Pattern Recognition and Classification Approach. L.V. DiBello, W.F. Stout, L.A. Roussos, Unified Cognitive/Psychometric Diagnostic Assessment Likelihood-Based Classification Techniques. F. Samejima, A Cognitive Diagnosis Method Using Latent Trait Models: Competency Space Approach and Its Relationship With DiBello and Stout's Unified Cognitive-Psychometric Diagnosis Model. E. Hunt, Where and When to Represent Students This Way and That Way: An Evaluation of Approaches to Diagnostic Assessment. S.P. Marshall, Some Suggestions for Alternative Assessments.
Feeling Respected: A Parse Method Study

This article reports a Parse research study on feeling respected with 10 participants. The finding of this study is the structure: The lived experience of feeling respected is fortifying assuredness amid potential disregard emerging with the fulfilling delight of prized alliances. The structure is discussed in light of the human becoming school of thought and related literature.
Impact of KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA Mutations, PTEN, AREG, EREG Expression and Skin Rash in ≥2nd Line Cetuximab-Based Therapy of Colorectal Cancer Patients

Background To investigate the predictive significance of KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutational status, AREG- EREG mRNA expression, PTEN protein expression and skin rash in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with cetuximab containing salvage chemotherapy. Methods Primary tumors from 112 mCRC patients were analyzed. The worst skin toxicity during treatment was recorded. Results KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were present in 37 (33%), 8 (7.2%) and 11 (9.8%) cases, respectively, PTEN was lost in 21 (19.8%) cases, AREG and EREG were overexpressed in 48 (45%) and 51 (49%) cases. In the whole study population, time to tumor progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in patients with KRAS (p = 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively) or BRAF (p = 0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively) mutant tumors, downregulation of AREG (p = 0.018 and p = 0.013, respectively) or EREG (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively) and grade 0-1 skin rash (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). In KRAS wt patients TTP and OS was significantly lower in patients with BRAF (p = 0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively) mutant tumors, downregulation of AREG (p = 0.021 and p = 0.004, respectively) or EREG (p = 0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively) and grade 0-1 skin rash (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). TTP was significantly lower in patients with PIK3CA mutations (p = 0.01) or lost PTEN (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed KRAS (Hazard Ratio [HR] 4.3, p<0.0001), BRAF mutation (HR: 5.1, p<0.0001), EREG low expression (HR: 1.6, p = 0.021) and absence of severe/moderate skin rash (HR: 4.0, p<0.0001) as independent prognostic factors for decreased TTP. Similarly, KRAS (HR 2.9, p = 0.01), BRAF mutation (HR: 3.0, p = 0.001), EREG low expression (HR: 1.7, p = 0.021), absecence of severe/moderate skin rash (HR: 3.7, p<0.0001) and the presence of undifferantited tumours (HR: 2.2, p = 0.001) were revealed as independent prognostic factors for decreased OS. Conclusions These results underscore that KRAS-BRAF mutations and EREG expression can be used as biomarkers to further select patients undergoing anti-EGFR treatment.
Engagement in science, engineering and technology in the early years: A cultural-historical reading

This paper seeks answers to the question “what engages young children in science, engineering and technology (SET)? ”. A review of the SET literature is undertaken to find out what are the dominant themes noted in the research literature for engaging young children in SET. Two kinds of analyses are presented in this paper. The first analysis draws upon developmental theory because it is still the dominant worldview within early childhood education, and is closely aligned with constructivism, the major theory within SET education research. This analysis gives some insights into the concept of engagement from a developmental perspective. However, many of the findings identified in the studies reviewed could not easily fit within a traditional developmental framework. A second analysis was undertaken, using cultural-historical theory. It was found that engagement could be explained more fully when it was theorised in relation to Vygotsky’s (1987) and Leont’ev’s (1978) concept of “motives” in the context of Kravtsova’s (2008) concept of the “zone of potential development”. This latter theorisation allowed for a richer discussion of SET engagement for early childhood education. The paper concludes with a model of SET engagement for early childhood education.
An incentive mechanism for charging scheme in heterogeneous collaborative networks

Heterogeneous collaborative networks have been ever-increasingly concerned due to the constant development of wireless networks . However, before employed in commercial applications, the secure charging should be solved; say, the charging systems with the guarantee of security are vital to support this architecture. Meanwhile, nodes' non-cooperation behavior should be under control as well. Hence, a secure incentive-based charging solution for heterogeneous collaborative networks integrating cellular and MANET (Ad Hoc) is proposed, utilizing charging receipt to thwart non-reputation attacks. Theoretical verification shows that proposed scheme not only grants the existence of selfish nodes to meet their rational demand, but is robust enough to circumvent various active attacks. Finally, simulation analysis reveals the influence of the parameters in proposed scheme on routing stability and node cooperation in low overhead.