Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The biology of uterine sarcomas: A review and update

Uterine sarcoma is a rare neoplasm, accounting for only 5% of uterine malignancies. The pathogenesis of uterine sarcoma remains largely unknown, although recent basic science and pre-clinical animal models have provided a better understanding of tumor biology. The aim of this study was to review the clinical features, imaging characteristics, genetic aberrations and therapeutic approaches in uterine sarcoma. This study reviewed the English-language literature on clinical and basic studies on uterine sarcoma. The common variants of uterine sarcoma are carcinosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). Genetic profiling efforts have identified amplification, overexpression and mutation, while the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis driven by these genomic and genetic aberrations have yet to be fully elucidated yet. Recent genome-wide studies have also identified complex chromosomal rearrangements as oncogenic mechanisms. The cell cycle regulators, p16 and p53, are frequently over-expressed and appear to be involved in key modifications of sarcomagenesis. Molecular-targeted therapy has now been evaluated in clinical trials for certain subtypes. In conclusion, aberrations of cell cycle control would be a critical step in the development of uterine sarcoma. This review has provided new areas of study targeting molecular and genetic pathways.
Compressed sensing based underdetermined blind source separation with unsupervised sparse dictionary self-learning

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised blind source separation (BSS) method with sparse dictionary self-learning for the solution of Compressed Sensing (CS) based BSS problem. The idea is to convert BSS problem into general CS form and incorporate an iterative dictionary self-learning strategy with sparse reconstruction to solve it. The proposed method contains two stages. Firstly, a feature clustering method is used to estimate the mixing matrix. Secondly, an alternating iteration procedure is introduced to refine the estimation of the sparse dictionary and the source signals. In each iteration step, the sparse dictionary is obtained using a self-learning algorithm with the last estimates of the sources signals, and then the sources signals are reestimated using the CS based blind separation method with the new sparse dictionary. By adaptively regenerating the dictionaries, the refined dictionaries are approaching the optimal sparse basis of the original sources, which results in the separation performance improvement simultaneously. This dictionary self-learning method doesn't need any prior information about the original speeches, i.e., it is an unsupervised method. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms in either free-noise or noisy case.
Differential Signaling Pathways Are Activated in the Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma

EBV is associated with the epithelial cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and the lymphoid malignancy, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The EBV latent membrane proteins 1 and 2A are expressed in these tumors. These proteins activate the phosphatidylinositol 3′-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which is commonly activated inappropriately in malignancy. In this study, the status of Akt activation and its targets, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin, was investigated in NPC and HL clinical specimens. In the majority of HL and NPC specimens, Akt was activated, indicating an important role for this kinase in the development and/or progression of these tumors. Akt phosphorylates and inactivates GSK-3β, a negative regulator of the proto-oncoprotein β-catenin that is aberrantly activated in many cancers. GSK-3β was phosphorylated and inactivated with concomitant nuclear β-catenin accumulation in the majority of NPC specimens. The malignant cells of the majority of HL cases, however, did not have inactivated GSK-3β and lacked nuclear β-catenin expression. These data indicate that this signaling arm of PI3K/Akt is universal and important in NPC pathogenesis but is apparently not affected in HL. These findings point to a divergence in pathways activated by EBV in different cellular contexts.
Self-organizing dynamics of coupled map systems

We show that the feedback from the macroscopic dynamics of a system of coupled units can synchronize the dynamics of these units. We studied the dynamics of maps coupled through their variables and control parameters. The feedback adjusted the values of the parameters of each map by using a function that depended on the difference between the Liapunov exponent of each unit and the Liapunov exponent of the mean field of the system. We showed that synchronization of the maps can be achieved under two different conditions: ~1! where the maps interact autonomously without a fixed controlling map and ~2! where the maps interact nonautomously with a single controlling map with fixed parameters. This method of feedback control may be useful in controlling more general types of parallel distributed systems. @S1063-651X~99! 01303-3#
The Robonaut hand: a dexterous robot hand for space

A highly anthropomorphic human scale robot hand designed for space based operations is presented. This five finger hand combined with its integrated wrist and forearm has fourteen independent degrees of freedom. The device approximates very well the kinematics and required strength of an astronaut's hand when operating through a pressurized space suit glove. The mechanisms used to meet these requirements are described in detail along with the design philosophy behind them. Integration experiences reveal the challenges associated with obtaining the required capabilities within the desired size.
Transparent bilateral control for time-delayed teleoperation by state convergence

This paper presents a new bilateral control scheme for time-delayed teleoperation designed to achieve transparency. The control scheme allows that the slave follows the master in spite of the time delay, ant that the force displayed to the operator was exactly the reaction force from the environment. In addition, the interaction force of the slave with the environment is adapted to the master/slave ratio when it is reflected to the operator, improving the transparency of the system. The bilateral control scheme can be used in contact situations or non-contact situations of the slave with the environment. Together with the control scheme, the paper describes an analytical design method that allows the obtaining of the control gains.
Improving the methodology to build non-series-parallel transistor arrangements

This paper presents an improvement in our previous methodology to generate efficient transistor networks. The proposed method applies graph-based optimizations and is capable to deliver series-parallel and non-series-parallel arrangements with reduced transistor count. The main feature of our methodology is the possibility to avoid greedy choices during the beginning of the optimization process. This property is associated to an edges compression technique that also contributes to minimize the bad effect of the greedy choices. Performed experiments have demonstrated the efficiency of this methodology when comparing to other available techniques.
Mechanisms of pathogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus as a model for human T-cell leukemia virus

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) make up a unique retrovirus family. Both viruses induce chronic lymphoproliferative diseases with BLV affecting the B-cell lineage and HTLV-1 affecting the T-cell lineage. The pathologies of BLV- and HTLV-induced infections are notably similar, with an absence of chronic viraemia and a long latency period. These viruses encode at least two regulatory proteins, namely, Tax and Rex, in the pX region located between the env gene and the 3′ long terminal repeat. The Tax protein is a key contributor to the oncogenic potential of the virus, and is also the key protein involved in viral replication. However, BLV infection is not sufficient for leukemogenesis, and additional events such as gene mutations must take place. In this review, we first summarize the similarities between the two viruses in terms of genomic organization, virology, and pathology. We then describe the current knowledge of the BLV model, which may also be relevant for the understanding of leukemogenesis caused by HTLV-1. In addition, we address our improved understanding of Tax functions through the newly identified BLV Tax mutants, which have a substitution between amino acids 240 and 265.
Intrinsic Image Based Moving Object Cast Shadow Removal in Image Sequences

The goal in this paper is to detect and remove shadows of moving objects in colour image sequences. The method works by deriving the shadow edges of a 3-band colour image, integrating edge information temporally in the image sequence, and subsequently removing these shadows by a method paralleling reflectance recovery by entropy minimisation. The method incorporates background subtraction information and extensive edge-linking morphology to detect superior shadow edges. This integration has greatly increased the scope of applicability and brought about significant enhancements in the recovered shadow-free images and the time of processing. Shadows in the frames of image sequences are shown to be significantly attenuated. At present the implementation runs about 4 frames per second and can serve as a good utility in improving the performance of high level algorithms in scene monitoring.
Unified Bit-Based Probabilistic Data Association Aided MIMO Detection for High-Order QAM Constellations

A unified bit-based probabilistic data association (B-PDA) detection approach is proposed for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing high-order rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The new approach transforms the symbol detection process of QAM to a bit-based process by introducing a unified matrix representation (UMR) of QAM. Both linear natural and nonlinear binary reflected Gray bit-to-symbol mappings are considered. With the aid of simulation results, we demonstrate that the linear-natural-mapping-based B-PDA approach typically attained an improved detection performance [measured in terms of both bit error ratio (BER) and symbol error ratio (SER)] in comparison with the conventional symbol-based probabilistic data association (PDA)-aided MIMO detector, despite its dramatically reduced computational complexity. The only exception is that, at low SNRs, the linear-natural-mapping-based B-PDA is slightly inferior in terms of its BER to the conventional symbol-based PDA using binary reflected Gray mapping. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the linear-natural-mapping-based B-PDA MIMO detector may approach the best-case performance provided by the nonlinear binary reflected Gray-mapping-based B-PDA MIMO detector under ideal conditions. Additionally, the implementation of the B-PDA MIMO detector is shown to be much simpler in the case of the linear natural mapping. Based on these two points, we conclude that, in the context of the uncoded B-PDA MIMO detector, it is preferable to use the linear natural bit-to-symbol mapping, rather than the nonlinear Gray mapping.
Retrieving simulated volcanic, desert dust and sea-salt particle properties from two/three-component particle mixtures using UV-VIS polarization lidar and T matrix

Abstract. During transport by advection, atmospheric nonspherical particles, such as volcanic ash, desert dust or sea-salt particles experience several chemical and physical processes, leading to a complex vertical atmospheric layering at remote sites where intrusion episodes occur. In this paper, a new methodology is proposed to analyse this complex vertical layering in the case of a two/three-component particle external mixtures. This methodology relies on an analysis of the spectral and polarization properties of the light backscattered by atmospheric particles. It is based on combining a sensitive and accurate UV-VIS polarization lidar experiment with T-matrix numerical simulations and air mass back trajectories. The Lyon UV-VIS polarization lidar is used to efficiently partition the particle mixture into its nonspherical components, while the T-matrix method is used for simulating the backscattering and depolarization properties of nonspherical volcanic ash, desert dust and sea-salt particles. It is shown that the particle mixtures' depolarization ratio δ p differs from the nonspherical particles' depolarization ratio δns due to the presence of spherical particles in the mixture. Hence, after identifying a tracer for nonspherical particles, particle backscattering coefficients specific to each nonspherical component can be retrieved in a two-component external mixture. For three-component mixtures, the spectral properties of light must in addition be exploited by using a dual-wavelength polarization lidar. Hence, for the first time, in a three-component external mixture, the nonsphericity of each particle is taken into account in a so-called 2β + 2δ formalism. Applications of this new methodology are then demonstrated in two case studies carried out in Lyon, France, related to the mixing of Eyjafjallajokull volcanic ash with sulfate particles (case of a two-component mixture) and to the mixing of dust with sea-salt and water-soluble particles (case of a three-component mixture). This new methodology, which is able to provide separate vertical profiles of backscattering coefficient for mixed atmospheric dust, sea-salt and water-soluble particles, may be useful for accurate radiative forcing assessments.
Follicle dynamics and anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest cause of anovulatory infertility and menstrual cycle abnormalities, but the factors responsible for failure to select a dominant follicle remain unclear. METHOD Source is authors' own studies and search of the relevant literature. RESULTS Arrest of antral follicle growth is associated with an abnormal endocrine environment involving hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone and insulin (and perhaps hyperandrogenism). The net effect is secondary suppression of FSH, which leads to inhibition of maturation of otherwise healthy follicles in the cohort. There is, however, emerging evidence for an intrinsic abnormality of folliculogenesis in PCOS that affects the very earliest, gonadotrophin independent, stages of follicle development. There is an increased density of small pre-antral follicles and an increased proportion of early growing follicles. These abnormalities in anovulatory PCOS are further defined by abnormal granulosa cell proliferation and disparate growth of oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. This suggests that the normal 'dialogue' between oocyte and granulosa cells in these early growing follicles is altered. There is evidence that abnormal, local (follicle-to-follicle) signalling of anti-Müllerian hormone may play a part in disordered folliculogenesis, but it is plausible that other local regulators that have been implicated in normal and abnormal pre-antral follicle development-such as insulin-like growth factors and sex steroids-have a role in aberrant folliculogenesis in PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Significant abnormalities in the very earliest stages of folliculogenesis may be the root cause of anovulation in PCOS.
Ring shake in eastern hemlock: frequency and relationship to tree attributes

Ring shake is a barrier to improved utilization of eastern hemlock, an important component of the total softwood timber resource in the Eastern United States and Canada. Ring shake is the lengthwise separation of wood that occurs between and parallel to growth rings, diminishing lumber yields and values. Evaluating the potential for ring shake is essential to improving estimates of tree and stand volume and value, and identifying forest management practices that could minimize the occurrence of ring shake. To assess the incidence and extent of ring shake in eastern hemlock, we sampled 377 trees containing 1,247 sawlogs from sites in Maine, New York, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia. Results include relative frequencies of trees and logs with ring shake detected in dry and green lumber. Relationships between tree attributes and the occurrence of ring shake in dry and green lumber also are presented.
Automatic extraction of basic electricity consumption patterns in household

Electricity consumption in households varies dependent on a lot of possible reasons such as lifestyle, family configuration, and weather. It is of great importance to optimize the electricity generation system to install for each household. In our previous work, we proposed a clustering approach for extracting a small number of basic electricity consumption patterns in a household. In this study, we apply the method to a larger dataset with many households. In the previous work, we determined the number of basic patterns in a heuristic manner. In this work, we use gap statistics to automatically determine an appropriate number of basic patterns, and we obtained a reasonable result on a large-scale data.
The Local Group Census: Planetary nebulae in Sextans B

Five planetary nebulae (PNe) have been discovered in the nearby dwarf irregular galaxy. Emission line images were obtained using the Wide Field Camera of the 2.5 m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) at La Palma (Spain). The candidate PNe were identied by their point-like appearance and relatively strong (O iii) emission-line fluxes. They are located within a galactocentric distance of 2.8 arcmin, corresponding to 1.1 kpc at the distance of Sextans B. Luminosities are in the range 1800{5600 L. Sextans B is one of the smallest dwarf irregular galaxies with a PN population. The number of PNe detected suggest an enhanced star formation rate between 1 and 5 Gyr ago.
Phage Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on San Daniele Dry-Cured Ham and Elimination of Biofilms from Equipment and Working Environments

The anti-listerial activity of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) bacteriophage Listex P100 (phage P100) was demonstrated in broths and on the surface of slices of dry-cured ham against 5 strains or serotypes (i.e., Scott A, 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) of Listeria monocytogenes. In a broth model system, phage P100 at a concentration equal to or greater than 7 log PFU/mL completely inhibited 2 log CFU/cm2 or 3 log CFU/cm2 of L. monocytogenes growth at 30 °C. The temperature (4, 10, 20 °C) seemed to influence P100 activity; the best results were obtained at 4 °C. On dry-cured ham slices, a P100 concentration ranging from 5 to 8 log PFU/cm2 was required to obtain a significant reduction in L. monocytogenes. At 4, 10, and 20 °C, an inoculum of 8 log PFU/cm2 was required to completely eliminate 2 log L. monocytogenes/cm2 and to reach the absence in 25 g product according to USA food law. Conversely, it was impossible to completely eradicate L. monocytogenes with an inoculum of approximately of 3.0 and 4.0 log CFU/cm2 and with a P100 inoculum ranging from 1 to 7 log PFU/cm2. P100 remained stable on dry-cured ham slices over a 14-day storage period, with only a marginal loss of 0.2 log PFU/cm2 from an initial phage treatment of approximately 8 log PFU/cm2. Moreover, phage P100 eliminated free L. monocytogenes cells and biofilms on the machinery surfaces used for dry-cured ham production. These findings demonstrate that the GRAS bacteriophage Listex P100 at level of 8 log PFU/cm2 is listericidal and useful for reducing the L. monocytogenes concentration or eradicating the bacteria from dry-cured ham.
Implementation of Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ( SMTP ) for Mail System in OceanStore

OceanStore is currently being developed at the U.C. Berkeley Computer Science Division. OceanStore is a global persistent data storage designed to scale to billions of users and stored objects with high availability and is peer-to-peer technology based. Applications need to be built in OceanStore to test the OceanStore Client API(Application Programming Interface) and also to examine the conflict resolution strategies. In this paper, we build an email infrastructure using OceanStore. This e-mail application enables delivery and retrieval for billions of clients. This report describes the implementation of the SMTP front-end, one of the three components of the mail infrastructure. SMTP allows clients to send mail messages to multiple recipients.
The Sequoia computer: a fault-tolerant tightly-coupled multiprocessor architecture

The Sequoia computer utilizes a modular, tightly-coupled multiprocessor architecture, with hardware faultdetection and software fault-recovery to achieve high degrees of reliability, availability, and data integrity. The computer comprises from one to sixtyfour processor elements (PE), and from two to one hundred twenty-eight memory elements (ME) and I/O processing elements (IOE). Configurations can be tailored to meet the needs of the applications; there are no fixed ratios of PEs to MEs or IOEs. Configuration changes can be made while the system is on-line.
Tracing Temporal Changes of Model Parameters in Rainfall-Runoff Modeling via a Real-Time Data Assimilation

Watershed characteristics such as patterns of land use and land cover (LULC), soil structure and river systems, have substantially changed due to natural and anthropogenic factors. To adapt hydrological models to the changing characteristics of watersheds, one of the feasible strategies is to explicitly estimate the changed parameters. However, few approaches have been dedicated to these non-stationary conditions. In this study, we employ an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) technique with a constrained parameter evolution scheme to trace the parameter changes. This technique is coupled to a rainfall-runoff model, i.e., the Xinanjiang (XAJ) model. In addition to a stationary condition, we designed three typical non-stationary conditions, including sudden, gradual and rotational changes with respect to two behavioral parameters of the XAJ. Synthetic experiments demonstrated that the EnKF-based method can trace the three types of parameter changes in real time. This method shows robust performance even for the scenarios of high-level uncertainties within rainfall input, modeling and observations, and it holds an implication for detecting changes in watershed characteristics. Coupling this method with a rainfall-runoff model is useful to adapt the model to non-stationary conditions, thereby improving flood simulations and predictions.