Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generation of strain-induced pseudo-magnetic field in a doped type-II Weyl semimetal

In Weyl semimetals, there is an intriguing possibility of realizing a pseudo-magnetic field in presence of small strain due to certain special cases of static deformations. This pseudo-magnetic field can be large enough to form quantized Landau levels and thus become observable in Weyl semimetals. In this paper, we experimentally show the emergence of a pseudo-magnetic field (~ 3 Tesla) by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) on the doped Weyl semimetal Re-MoTe2, where distinct Landau level oscillations in the tunneling conductance are clearly resolved. The crystal lattice is intrinsically strained where large area STM imaging of the surface reveals differently strained domains where atomic scale deformations exist forming topographic ripples with varying periodicity in the real space. The effect of pseudo-magnetic field is clearly resolved in areas under maximum strain.
LINKING TESTS OF GRAVITY ON ALL SCALES: FROM THE STRONG-FIELD REGIME TO COSMOLOGY

The current effort to test general relativity (GR) employs multiple disparate formalisms for different observables, obscuring the relations between laboratory, astrophysical, and cosmological constraints. To remedy this situation, we develop a parameter space for comparing tests of gravity on all scales in the universe. In particular, we present new methods for linking cosmological large-scale structure, the cosmic microwave background, and gravitational waves with classic PPN tests of gravity. Diagrams of this gravitational parameter space reveal a noticeable untested regime. The untested window, which separates small-scale systems from the troubled cosmological regime, could potentially hide the onset of corrections to GR.
The Secondary Production of Ice in Cumulus Experiment (SPICULE)

The secondary ice process (SIP) is a major microphysical process, which can result in rapid enhancement of ice particle concentration in the presence of pre-existing ice. SPICULE was conducted to further investigate the effect of collision-coalescence on the rate of the fragmentation of freezing drop (FFD) SIP mechanism in cumulus congestus clouds. Measurements were conducted over the Great Plains and Central U.S. from two coordinated aircraft, the NSF GV and SPEC Learjet 35A, both equipped with state-of-the-art microphysical instrumentation and vertically-pointing W- and Ka-band radars, respectively. The GV primarily targeted measurements of subcloud aerosols with subsequent sampling in warm cloud. Simultaneously, the Learjet performed multiple penetrations of the ascending cumulus congestus (CuCg) cloud top. First primary ice was typically detected at temperatures colder than −10°C, consistent with measured ice nucleating particles. Subsequent production of ice via FFD SIP was strongly related to the concentration of supercooled large drops (SLDs), with diameters of about 0.2 to a few mm. The concentration of SLDs is directly linked to the rate of collision-coalescence, which depends primarily on the subcloud aerosol size distribution and cloud base temperature. SPICULE supports previous observational results showing that FFD SIP efficiency could be deduced from the product of cloud base temperature and maximum diameter of drops measured ~ 300 m above cloud base. However, new measurements with higher concentrations of aerosol and total cloud-base drop concentrations show an attenuating effect on the rate of coalescence. The SPICULE data set provides rich material for validation of numerical schemes of collision-coalescence and SIP to improve weather prediction simulations
Achieving high-fidelity single-qubit gates in a strongly driven silicon-quantum-dot hybrid qubit

Performing qubit gate operations as quickly as possible can be important to minimize the effects of decoherence. For resonant gates, this requires applying a strong ac drive. However, strong driving can present control challenges by causing leakage to levels that lie outside the qubit subspace. Strong driving can also present theoretical challenges because preferred tools such as the rotating wave approximation can break down, resulting in complex dynamics that are difficult to control. Here we analyze resonant $X$ rotations of a silicon quantum double dot hybrid qubit within a dressed-state formalism, obtaining results beyond the rotating wave approximation. We obtain analytic formulas for the optimum driving frequency and the Rabi frequency, which both are affected by strong driving. While the qubit states exhibit fast oscillations due to counter-rotating terms and leakage, we show that they can be suppressed to the point that gate fidelities above $99.99\%$ are possible, in the absence of decoherence. Hence decoherence mechanisms, rather than strong-driving effects, should represent the limiting factor for resonant-gate fidelities in quantum dot hybrid qubits.
X-Ray, UV, and Radio Timing Observations of the Radio Galaxy 3C 120

We report the results of monitoring of the radio galaxy 3C 120 with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, Very Long Baseline Array, and Metsähovi Radio Observatory. The UV-optical continuum spectrum and R-band polarization can be explained by a superposition of an inverted-spectrum source with a synchrotron component containing a disordered magnetic field. The UV-optical and X-ray light curves include dips and flares, while several superluminal knots appear in the parsec-scale jet. The recovery time of the second dip was longer at UV-optical wavelengths, in conflict with a model in which the inner accretion disk (AD) is disrupted during a dip and then refilled from outer to inner radii. We favor an alternative scenario in which occasional polar alignments of the magnetic field in the disk and corona cause the flux dips and formation of shocks in the jet. Similar to observations of Seyfert galaxies, intra-band time lags of flux variations are longer than predicted by the standard AD model. This suggests that scattering or some other reprocessing occurs. The 37 GHz light curve is well-correlated with the optical-UV variations, with a ∼20 day delay. A radio flare in the jet occurred in a superluminal knot 0.14 milliarcseconds downstream of the 43 GHz “core,” which places the site of the preceding X-ray/UV/optical flare within the core 0.5–1.3 pc from the black hole. The inverted UV-optical flare spectrum can be explained by a nearly monoenergetic electron distribution with energy similar to the minimum energy inferred in the TeV γ-ray emitting regions of some BL Lacertae objects.
SUSY models under siege: LHC constraints and electroweak fine-tuning

Recent null results from LHC8 SUSY searches along with the discovery of a SM-like Higgs boson with mass m(h) ~ 125.5 GeV indicates sparticle masses in the TeV range, causing tension with conventional measures of electroweak fine-tuning. We propose a simple Fine-tuning Rule which should be followed under any credible evaluation of fine-tuning. We believe that overestimates of electroweak fine-tuning by conventional measures all arise from violations of this rule. We show that to gain accord with the Fine-tuning Rule, then both Higgs mass and the traditional \Delta_{BG} fine-tuning measures reduce to the model-independent electroweak fine-tuning measure \Delta_{EW}. This occurs by combining dependent contributions to m(Z) or m(h) into independent units. Then, using \Delta_{EW}, we evaluate EW fine-tuning for a variety of SUSY models including mSUGRA, NUHM1, NUHM2, mGMSB, mAMSB, hyper-charged AMSB and nine cases of mixed moduli-anomaly (mirage) mediated SUSY breaking models (MMAMSB) whilst respecting LHC Higgs mass and B-decay constraints (we do not impose LHC8 sparticle mass constraints due to the possibility of compressed spectra within many of these models). We find mSUGRA, mGMSB, mAMSB and MMAMSB models all to be highly fine-tuned. The NUHM1 model is moderately fine-tuned while NUHM2 which allows for radiatively-driven naturalness (RNS) allows for fine-tuning at a meager 10% level in the case where m(higgsinos) ~ 100-200 GeV and the TeV-scale top squarks are well-mixed. Models with RNS may or may not be detect at LHC14. A \sqrt{s} ~ 500 GeV e^+e^- collider will be required to make a definitive search for the requisite light higgsinos.
Effective theory of chiral two-dimensional superfluids

We construct, to leading orders in the momentum expansion, an effective theory of a chiral $p_x + ip_y$ two-dimensional fermionic superfluid at zero temperature that is consistent with nonrelativistic general coordinate invariance. This theory naturally incorporates the parity and time reversal violating effects such as the Hall viscosity and the edge current. The particle number current and stress tensor are computed and their linear response to electromagnetic and gravitational sources is calculated. We also consider an isolated vortex in a chiral superfluid and identify the leading chirality effect in the density depletion profile.
Vacuum Birefringence in the Fields of a Current Coil and a Guided Electromagnetic Wave

The vacuum birefringence effect in magnetic fields generated by either a laser-driven capacitor-coil generator or an electromagnetic wave in a radio frequency guide has been theoretically studied. The ellipticity acquired by a linearly polarized laser beam propagating in those fields is calculated. The obtained results are compared with the parameters of the PVLAS experiment aimed at the experimental observation of the vacuum birefringence effect in a magnetic field.
Growth evolution of self-affine thermally evaporated KBr thin films: A fractal assessment

In this article, fractal concepts were used to explore the thermally evaporated potassium bromide thin films of different thicknesses 200, 300, and 500 nm respectively; grown on aluminium substrates at room temperature. The self-affine or self similar nature of growing surfaces was investigated by autocorrelation function and obtained results are compared with the morphological envelope method. Theoretical estimations revealed that the global surface parameters such as, interface width and lateral correlation length are monotonically decreased with increasing film thickness. Also, from height profile and A-F plots, it has been perceived that irregularity/ complexity of growing layers was significantly influenced by thickness. On the other hand, the fractal dimension and local roughness exponent, estimated by height-height correlation function, do not suggest such dependency.
Stationary States in Quantum Walk Search

When classically searching a database, having additional correct answers makes the search easier. For a discrete-time quantum walk searching a graph for a marked vertex, however, additional marked vertices can make the search harder by causing the system to approximately begin in a stationary state, so the system fails to evolve. In this paper, we completely characterize the stationary states, or 1-eigenvectors, of the quantum walk search operator for general graphs and configurations of marked vertices by decomposing their amplitudes into uniform and flip states. This infinitely expands the number of known stationary states and gives an optimization procedure to find the stationary state closest to the initial uniform state of the walk. We further prove theorems on the existence of stationary states, with them conditionally existing if the marked vertices form a bipartite connected component and always existing if non-bipartite. These results utilize the standard oracle in Grover's algorithm, but we show that a different type of oracle prevents stationary states from interfering with the search algorithm.
A tentative double-jet model for blazar OJ287.

We try to propose a tentative relativistic jet model for explaining the entire radio-optical phenomena observed in blazar OJ287, which has been observed quasi-periodically with a cycle of about 12yr in its optical light curve. We investigate the currently available theoretical and observational studies on the phenomena observed in OJ287 and try to find clues to its double-jet structure. It is found that the kinematic features of its superluminal components observed at 43GHz and 15GHz could be well interpreted in terms of a precessing double-jet nozzle model. And the light curves of a few optical double-peaked outbursts could be interpreted in terms of relativistic jet models. Both jets precess with the same period of 12yr, equal to the optical period and the precession of the jets could be originated from the orbital motion of the binary. Thus the masses of the binary black holes could be estimated. We also tentatively suggest a comprehensive framework for understanding the entire phenomena in OJ287 in terms of relativistic jet models.
Unified underpinning of human mobility in the real world and cyberspace

Human movements in the real world and in cyberspace affect not only dynamical processes such as epidemic spreading and information diffusion but also social and economical activities such as urban planning and personalized recommendation in online shopping. Despite recent efforts in characterizing and modeling human behaviors in both the real and cyber worlds, the fundamental dynamics underlying human mobility have not been well understood. We develop a minimal, memory-based random walk model in limited space for reproducing, with a single parameter, the key statistical behaviors characterizing human movements in both cases. The model is validated using relatively big data from mobile phone and online commerce, suggesting memory-based random walk dynamics as the unified underpinning for human mobility, regardless of whether it occurs in the real world or in cyberspace.
Warm FIRE: simulating galaxy formation with resonant sterile neutrino dark matter

Author(s): Bozek, Brandon; Fitts, Alex; Boylan-Kolchin, Michael; Garrison-Kimmel, Shea; Abazajian, Kevork; Bullock, James S; Keres, Dusan; Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre; Wetzel, Andrew; Feldmann, Robert; Hopkins, Philip F | Abstract: We study the impact of a warm dark matter (WDM) cosmology on dwarf galaxy formation through a suite of cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations of $M_{\rm halo} \approx10^{10}\,M_{\odot}$ dark matter halos as part of the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. A main focus of this paper is to evaluate the combined effects of dark matter physics and stellar feedback on the well-known small-scale issues found in cold dark matter (CDM) models. We find that the $z=0$ stellar mass of a galaxy is strongly correlated with the central density of its host dark matter halo at the time of formation, $z_{\rm f}$, in both CDM and WDM models. WDM halos follow the same $M_{\star}(z=0)-V_{\rm max}(z_{\rm f})$ relation as in CDM, but they form later, are less centrally dense, and therefore contain galaxies that are less massive than their CDM counterparts. As a result, the impact of baryonic effects on the central gravitational potential is typically diminished relative to CDM. However, the combination of delayed formation in WDM and energy input from stellar feedback results in dark matter profiles with lower overall densities. The WDM galaxies studied here have a wider diversity of star formation histories (SFHs) than the same systems simulated in CDM, and the two lowest $M_{\star}$ WDM galaxies form all of their stars at late times. The discovery of young ultra-faint dwarf galaxies with no ancient star formation -- which do not exist in our CDM simulations -- would therefore provide evidence in support of WDM.
Hα imaging survey of Wolf–Rayet galaxies: morphologies and star formation rates

The Halpha and optical broadband images of 25 nearby Wolf-Rayet (WR) galaxies are presented. The WR galaxies are known to have the presence of a recent ($\le$10 Myr) and massive star formation episode. The photometric Halpha fluxes are estimated, and corrected for extinction and line contamination in the filter pass-bands. The star formation rates (SFRs) are estimated using Halpha images and from the archival data in the far-ultraviolet (FUV), far-infrared (FIR) and 1.4 GHz radio continuum wave-bands. A comparison of SFRs estimated from different wavebands is made after including similar data available in literature for other WR galaxies. The Halpha based SFRs are found to be tightly correlated with SFRs estimated from the FUV data. The correlations also exist with SFRs estimates based on the radio and FIR data. The WR galaxies also follow the radio-FIR correlation known for normal star forming galaxies, although it is seen here that majority of dwarf WR galaxies have radio deficiency. An analysis using ratio of non-thermal to thermal radio continuum and ratio of FUV to Halpha SFR indicates that WR galaxies have lesser non-thermal radio emission compared to normal galaxies, most likely due to lack of supernova from the very young star formation episode in the WR galaxies. The morphologies of 16 galaxies in our sample are highly suggestive of an ongoing tidal interaction or a past merger in these galaxies. This survey strengthens the conclusions obtained from previous similar studies indicating the importance of tidal interactions in triggering star-formation in WR galaxies.
K2SUPERSTAMP: The Release of Calibrated Mosaics for the Kepler/K2 Mission

We describe the release of a new High Level Science Product (HLSP) available at the MAST archive. The HLSP, called K2Superstamp, consists of a series of FITS images for four open star clusters observed by the K2 Mission using so-called "superstamp" pixel masks: M35, the $\sim$150 Myr old open cluster observed during K2 Campaign 0, M67, the solar-age, solar-metallicity benchmark cluster observed during Campaign 5, Ruprecht 147, the $\sim$3 Gyr-old open cluster observed during Campaign 7, and the Lagoon Nebula (M8/NGC 6530), the high-mass star-forming region observed during Campaign 9. While the data for these regions have long been served on MAST, until now they were only available as a disconnected set of smaller Target Pixel Files (TPFs) because the spacecraft stored these observations in small chunks. As a result, these regions have hitherto been ignored by many lightcurve and planet search pipelines. With this new release, we have stitched these TPFs together into spatially contiguous FITS images (one per cadence) to make their scientific analysis easier. In addition, each image has been fit with an accurate WCS solution so that you may locate any object of interest via its right ascension and declination. We describe here the process of stitching and astrometric calibration.
In Silico Discovery of Anticancer Peptides from Sanghuang

Anticancer peptide (ACP) is a short peptide with less than 50 amino acids that has been discovered in a variety of foods. It has been demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine or food can help treat cancer in some cases, which suggests that ACP may be one of the therapeutic ingredients. Studies on the anti-cancer properties of Sanghuangporus sanghuang have concentrated on polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenoids, etc. The function of peptides has not received much attention. The purpose of this study is to use computer mining techniques to search for potential anticancer peptides from 62 proteins of Sanghuang. We used mACPpred to perform sequence scans after theoretical trypsin hydrolysis and discovered nine fragments with an anticancer probability of over 0.60. The study used AlphaFold 2 to perform structural modeling of the first three ACPs discovered, which had blast results from the Cancer PPD database. Using reverse docking technology, we found the target proteins and interacting residues of two ACPs with an unknown mechanism. Reverse docking results predicted the binding modes of the ACPs and their target protein. In addition, we determined the active part of ACPs by quantum chemical calculation. Our study provides a framework for the future discovery of functional peptides from foods. The ACPs discovered have the potential to be used as drugs in oncology clinical treatment after further research.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Retirement in Maltese Civil Servants: A Dialectical Mixed-Method Study

(1) Background: Retirement is a life event that can influence physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) and can be used as an opportunity to promote positive lifestyle choices. The aims of this study were to (a) to identify changes in PA and SB resulting from retirement and (b) to explore predictors of any changes in PA and SB following retirement in Maltese civil servants. (2) Methods: a hybrid mixed-method (MM) study, using first quantitative followed by qualitative methods, of civil servants aged ≥60 years, who were followed during their retirement transition for two years. A proportion of the research participants in the MM study retired while the others remained employed. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. (3) Results: there were no changes in total PA and sitting behaviour with retirement in Maltese civil servants. People who retired carried out more domestic PA compared to when they were in employment, which resulted in more moderate-intensity PA behaviour. People perceived that their sitting time increased with retirement in the qualitative interviews, but this was not observed in the quantitative data. Past PA behaviour was an important predictor of future PA behaviour, but not for SB. (4) Conclusions: A change in PA occurs with the retirement transition. However, the uptake of exercise is a personal choice that is dependent on previous experience. Increasing SB is perceived as part of the retirement plan but is not necessarily seen in the measured quantitative data.
Higher-order Statistics of Weak Lensing Shear and Flexion

Owing to their more extensive sky coverage and tighter control on systematic errors, future deep weak lensing surveys should provide a better statistical picture of the dark matter clustering beyond the level of the power spectrum. In this context, the study of non-Gaussianity induced by gravity can help tighten constraints on the background cosmology by breaking parameter degeneracies, as well as throwing light on the nature of dark matter, dark energy or alternative gravity theories. Analysis of the shear or flexion properties of such maps is more complicated than the simpler case of the convergence due to the spinorial nature of the fields involved. Here we develop analytical tools for the study of higher order statistics such as the bispectrum (or trispectrum) directly using such maps at different source redshift. The statistics we introduce can be constructed from cumulants of the shear or flexions, involving the cross-correlation of squared and cubic maps at different redshifts. Typically, the low signal-to-noise ratio prevents recovery of the bispectrum or trispectrum mode by mode. We define power spectra associated with each multispectrum which compress some of the available information of higher order multispectra. We show how these can be recovered from noisy observational data even in the presence of an arbitrary mask, which introduces mixing between electric (E-type) and magnetic (B-type) polarization, in an unbiased way. We also introduce higher order cross-correlators which can cross-correlate lensing shear with different tracers of large-scale structures.
Pion form factors in holographic QCD

Using a holographic dual model of QCD, we compute the pion electromagnetic form factor Fπ(Q2) in the spacelike momentum transfer region, as well as pion couplings to vector mesons gρ(n)ππ. Spontaneous and explicit chiral symmetry breaking are intrinsic features of this particular holographic model. We consider variants with both ``hard-wall'' and ``soft-wall'' infrared cutoffs, and find that the Fπ(Q2) data tend to lie closer to the hard-wall model predictions, although both are too shallow for large Q2. By allowing the parameters of the soft-wall model (originally fixed by observables such as mρ) to vary, one finds fits that tend to agree better with Fπ(Q2). We also compute the pion charge radius rπ2 for a variety of parameter choices, and use the values of f(n)ρ, gρ(n)ππ and m(n)ρ to observe the saturation of Fπ(0) by ρ poles.