Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Road E-informant: Monitoring Tool for Public Road Safety Factors via Gas and Temperature Sensors with Haar Cascading Vehicle Detection

Sensors are beneficial for observing the environment and using observed data to form conclusions and responses. With road accidents being a concerning problem in this country, this shows the need for making a Public Road Monitoring System to reduce road-related accidents and have better surveillance of the public roads. This study aims to create a system with a set of sensors that can help drivers monitor roads. A monitoring tool receives sensor data and transmits relevant data to drivers. The sensors are ESP-32 CAM module with OV2460 model, temperature sensor, and gas sensor. Haar Cascading algorithm is used for the object detection of cars. The values are designed to supposedly be sent to the slave Arduino board. The components’ accuracy was assessed respective to their functionality. The comparative analysis was done for the temperature sensor and car detection system for comparing the actual result to the sensor result. The statistical analysis applied is unpaired two-samples t-test. The correlational analysis is for the database management transmission speed and distance, and gas sensor concentration and distance where the R-value was determined. The results showed that the components work properly and efficiently execute their respective functions. The results show components perform properly and sensors effectively observe the surroundings resulting in a system that is an effective monitoring tool for public roads. Furthermore, this system innovates by utilizing display, wireless database, and computer vision despite being inexpensive.
Native Trichoderma Induced the Defense-Related Enzymes and Genes in Rice against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)

The application of Trichoderma is a form of biological control that has been effective in combating Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causative agent of the devastating disease known as bacterial blight of rice. In this present study, four strains of Trichoderma, viz., T. paraviridescens (BDISOF67), T. erinaceum (BDISOF91), T. asperellum (BDISOF08), and T. asperellum (BDISOF09), were collected from the rice rhizosphere and used to test their potentiality in reducing bacterial blight. The expression patterns of several core defense-related enzymes and genes related to SA and JA pathways were studied to explore the mechanism of induced resistance by those Trichoderma strains. The results primarily indicated that all Trichoderma were significantly efficient in reducing the lesion length of the leaf over rice check variety (IR24) through enhancing the expression of core defense-related enzymes, such as PAL, PPO, CAT, and POD activities by 4.27, 1.77, 3.53, and 1.57-fold, respectively, over control. Moreover, the results of qRT-PCR exhibited an upregulation of genes OsPR1, OsPR10, OsWRKY45, OsWRKY62, OsWRKY71, OsHI-LOX, and OsACS2 after 24 h of inoculation with all tested Trichoderma strains. However, in the case of RT-PCR, no major changes in OsPR1 and OsPR10 expression were observed in plants treated with different Trichoderma strains during different courses of time. Collectively, Trichoderma induced resistance in rice against X. oryzae pv. oryzae by triggering these core defense-related enzymes and genes associated with SA and JA pathways.
Evaluation of a Novel FKS1 R1354H Mutation Associated with Caspofungin Resistance in Candida auris Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System

Outbreaks of invasive infections, with high mortality rates, caused by multidrug-resistant Candida auris have been reported worldwide. Although hotspot mutations in FKS1 are an established cause of echinocandin resistance, the actual contribution of these mutations to echinocandin resistance remains unknown. Here, we sequenced the FKS1 gene of a caspofungin-resistant clinical isolate (clade I) and identified a novel resistance mutation (G4061A inducing R1354H). We applied the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system to generate a recovered strain (H1354R) in which only this single nucleotide mutation was reverted to its wild-type sequence. We also generated mutant strains with only the R1354H mutation introduced into C. auris wild-type strains (clade I and II) and analyzed their antifungal susceptibility. Compared to their parental strains, the R1354H mutants exhibited a 4- to 16-fold increase in caspofungin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) while the H1354R reverted strain exhibited a 4-fold decrease in caspofungin MIC. In a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis, the in vivo therapeutic effect of caspofungin was more closely related to the FKS1 R1354H mutation and the virulence of the strain than its in vitro MIC. The CRISPR-Cas9 system could thus aid in elucidating the mechanism underlying drug resistance in C. auris.
3D-Printed Gastroretentive Tablets Loaded with Niclosamide Nanocrystals by the Melting Solidification Printing Process (MESO-PP)

Niclosamide (NICLO) is a recognized antiparasitic drug being repositioned for Helicobacter pylori. The present work aimed to formulate NICLO nanocrystals (NICLO-NCRs) to produce a higher dissolution rate of the active ingredient and to incorporate these nanosystems into a floating solid dosage form to release them into the stomach slowly. For this purpose, NICLO-NCRs were produced by wet-milling and included in a floating Gelucire l3D printed tablet by semi-solid extrusion, applying the Melting solidification printing process (MESO-PP) methodology. The results obtained in TGA, DSC, XRD and FT-IR analysis showed no physicochemical interactions or modifications in the crystallinity of NICLO-NCR after inclusion in Gelucire 50/13 ink. This method allowed the incorporation of NICLO-NCRs in a concentration of up to 25% w/w. It achieved a controlled release of NCRs in a simulated gastric medium. Moreover, the presence of NICLO-NCRs after redispersion of the printlets was observed by STEM. Additionally, no effects on the cell viability of the NCRs were demonstrated in the GES-1 cell line. Finally, gastroretention was demonstrated for 180 min in dogs. These findings show the potential of the MESO-PP technique in obtaining slow-release gastro-retentive oral solid dosage forms loaded with nanocrystals of a poorly soluble drug, an ideal system for treating gastric pathologies such as H. pylori.
Image Preprocessing to Improve Object Recognition in Complex Weather Conditions

Object recognition systems on images allow to automate of various routine processes. Vehicle detection systems are becoming widespread and are being incorporated into, "smart city" initiatives, and traffic control systems. Some applications of such systems are related to the impact of precipitation and other atmospheric phenomena that degrade image quality. The deterioration of image characteristics leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the entire automated system. The research issue is to develop a software solution to improve the efficiency of vehicle detection on images captured in difficult weather conditions. The neural network detector YOLOv5, trained on images collected by the authors from open sources, was used as an algorithm for the detection of cars on the images. Contrast correction and neural network methods were used as image enhancement algorithms. The performance of the YOLOv5 detector was compared on a test base of images preprocessed by image enhancement methods. It was found that the algorithms chosen for the study were indeed able to improve image quality by partially removing interference. Generative neural networks can introduce visual distortions and initially missing elements in images, so their application within the task’s framework is very limited. Image processing methods based on contrast correction allow for the improvement of vehicle detector performance on images with interference, but their application negatively affects performance on images without interference. On average, the performance of the detector decreases insignificantly when comparing images with and without interference.
COMBINED INTERACTING MULTIPLE MODELS PROBABILISTIC DATA ASSOCIATION ALGORITHM

Considering the four defects of construction and theory of IMMPDA algorithm which is proposed by Y. Bar Shalom and H. A. P. Blom, the authors work out a new Combined IMMPDA algorithm C IMMPDA algorithm. In C IMMPDA, a global optimal validating gate for every sub filter is constructed instead of the different gates for every sub filter in IMMPDA algorithm. That means it has only one PDAF in the filter system. All the formulas are deduced and the diagram of the new algorithm is drawn. The work makes the IMMPDA more satisfactory in construction and theory. Simulation results show that the new algorithm will decrease the computational burden and be of much better performance than IMMPDA.
EVOAC-HP: An Efficient and Verifiable Outsourced Access Control Scheme with Hidden Policy

As medical data become increasingly important in healthcare, it is crucial to have proper access control mechanisms, ensuring that sensitive data are only accessible to authorized users while maintaining privacy and security. Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is an attractive access control solution that can offer effective, fine-grained and secure medical data sharing, but it has two major drawbacks: Firstly, decryption is computationally expensive for resource-limited data users, especially when the access policy has many attributes, limiting its use in large-scale data-sharing scenarios. Secondly, existing schemes are based on data users’ attributes, which can potentially reveal sensitive information about the users, especially in healthcare data sharing, where strong privacy and security are essential. To address these issues, we designed an improved CP-ABE scheme that provides efficient and verifiable outsourced access control with fully hidden policy named EVOAC-HP. In this paper, we utilize the attribute bloom filter to achieve policy hiding without revealing user privacy. For the purpose of alleviating the decryption burden for data users, we also adopt the technique of outsourced decryption to outsource the heavy computation overhead to the cloud service provider (CSP) with strong computing and storage capabilities, while the transformed ciphertext results can be verified by the data user. Finally, with rigorous security and reliable performance analysis, we demonstrate that EVOAC-HP is both practical and effective with robust privacy protection.
From Hop to Beer: Influence of Different Organic Foliar Fertilisation Treatments on Hop Oil Profile and Derived Beers’ Flavour

Foliar fertilisation is known to influence the physiological response of Humulus lupulus (hop plants), but its effect on the flavour profile of beer still has to be investigated. By comparing the effects of four fertilisation treatments, this study aims at determining whether different foliar fertilisation treatments have a significant impact on hop plants’ aromatic quality and that of the beer produced. Hop cones harvested from each experimental treatment were brewed to obtain five single dry-hopped beers, which were subsequently analysed. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (Cyranose 320) analyses were performed on the hop cones, while headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry HS-SPME-GC-MS, electronic nose and sensory analyses were carried out on the beers produced. The analyses not only allowed for a differentiation between the hops from the four fertilisation treatments and the control but also enabled a differentiation between the beers produced for their identification. Sensory evaluation revealed consumer preferences regarding the dry-hopped beers analysed, evidencing their distinctive features, including significant differences in both aroma and flavour.
1 x 3 Rectangular Split Ring Resonator Antenna Array with DGS for mmWave Communication

Radiating patches and ground plane are etched by a rectangular slot to improve the radiation characteristic. High gain and radiation efficiency for mm-wave communication are proposed in this paper. Low-profile antenna arrays are obtained by Rectangular Split Ring Resonator (RSRR) with Capacitance Strips Loaded (CSL). Defected ground structure (DGS) and ‘L’ shaped stubs on the parasitic patch are used to move the resonating frequency of 28GHz to 26GHz. The optimal radiation characteristic of the proposed antenna array is obtained by numerical analysis using commercially available EM simulation software (HFSS). The proposed antenna has overall dimensions of 32 x25x0.8mm3 and is printed on a FR4 substrate with a height of 0. 8mm. Radiating features of the mmwave antenna array are confirmed successfully in 23. 5GHz-26.5GHz. The maximum gain of 8dB and above 94% of radiation efficiency is achieved in this article. Due to its attractive profile, compact configuration, high gain, high radiation efficiency, and better impedance bandwidth, the suggested antenna array will work for millimeter-wave applications, mobile communications, and radar applications.
Combination of Chemotherapy and Mild Hyperthermia Using Targeted Nanoparticles: A Potential Treatment Modality for Breast Cancer

Despite the clinical benefits that chemotherapeutics has had on the treatment of breast cancer, drug resistance remains one of the main obstacles to curative cancer therapy. Nanomedicines allow therapeutics to be more targeted and effective, resulting in enhanced treatment success, reduced side effects, and the possibility of minimising drug resistance by the co-delivery of therapeutic agents. Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) have been established as efficient vectors for drug delivery. Their high surface area makes them an ideal carrier for the administration of multiple therapeutics, providing the means to apply multiple attacks to the tumour. Moreover, immobilising targeting ligands on the pSiNP surface helps direct them selectively to cancer cells, thereby reducing harm to normal tissues. Here, we engineered breast cancer-targeted pSiNPs co-loaded with an anticancer drug and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). AuNCs have the capacity to induce hyperthermia when exposed to a radiofrequency field. Using monolayer and 3D cell cultures, we demonstrate that the cell-killing efficacy of combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy via targeted pSiNPs is 1.5-fold higher than applying monotherapy and 3.5-fold higher compared to using a nontargeted system with combined therapeutics. The results not only demonstrate targeted pSiNPs as a successful nanocarrier for combination therapy but also confirm it as a versatile platform with the potential to be used for personalised medicine.
Driving Strategy Based on Artificial Neuron Device for Array Circuits

Over the past many years, array circuits, as an important part of electronic systems, show a wide range of application scenarios. However, the pursuit of high-density array circuits will certainly lead to a steep increase in the area of the array driving circuit. In this article, we present a switching array circuit with an artificial neuron, where the neuron acts as a discrete control center for the array circuit, which can effectively reduce the area of the array driving circuit by 75%. In this work, we found that the value of load resistance can affect the switching of individual devices and control the branch threshold voltage range, thus affecting the information processing capability of the branch. This new paradigm of optimized array circuit driving strategy can be used to tune the set and reset threshold voltage of neurons, while processing and outputting information by using this type of configuration. This work provides a potential platform for promoting the development of electronic devices and future high-density array circuits.
Remote Monitoring System of Dynamic Compression Bracing to Correct Pectus Carinatum

Pectus carinatum (PC) is a chest deformity caused by disproportionate growth of the costal cartilages compared with the bony thoracic skeleton, pulling the sternum forwards and leading to its protrusion. Currently, the most common non-invasive treatment is external compressive bracing, by means of an orthosis. While this treatment is widely adopted, the correct magnitude of applied compressive forces remains unknown, leading to suboptimal results. Moreover, the current orthoses are not suitable to monitor the treatment. The purpose of this study is to design a force measuring system that could be directly embedded into an existing PC orthosis without relevant modifications in its construction. For that, inspired by the currently commercially available products where a solid silicone pad is used, three concepts for silicone-based sensors, two capacitive and one magnetic type, are presented and compared. Additionally, a concept of a full pipeline to capture and store the sensor data was researched. Compression tests were conducted on a calibration machine, with forces ranging from 0 N to 300 N. Local evaluation of sensors’ response in different regions was also performed. The three sensors were tested and then compared with the results of a solid silicon pad. One of the capacitive sensors presented an identical response to the solid silicon while the other two either presented poor repeatability or were too stiff, raising concerns for patient comfort. Overall, the proposed system demonstrated its potential to measure and monitor orthosis’s applied forces, corroborating its potential for clinical practice.
Appraising the Role of Astrocytes as Suppliers of Neuronal Glutathione Precursors

The metabolism and intercellular transfer of glutathione or its precursors may play an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress, a common hallmark of neurodegeneration. In the 1990s, several studies in the Neurobiology field led to the widely accepted notion that astrocytes produce large amounts of glutathione that serve to feed neurons with precursors for glutathione synthesis. This assumption has important implications for health and disease since a reduction in this supply from astrocytes could compromise the capacity of neurons to cope with oxidative stress. However, at first glance, this shuttling would imply a large energy expenditure to get to the same point in a nearby cell. Thus, are there additional underlying reasons for this expensive mechanism? Are neurons unable to import and/or synthesize the three non-essential amino acids that are the glutathione building blocks? The rather oxidizing extracellular environment favors the presence of cysteine (Cys) as cystine (Cis), less favorable for neuronal import. Therefore, it has also been proposed that astrocytic GSH efflux could induce a change in the redox status of the extracellular space nearby the neurons, locally lowering the Cis/Cys ratio. This astrocytic glutathione release would also increase their demand for precursors, stimulating Cis uptake, which these cells can import, further impacting the local decline of the Cis/Cys ratio, in turn, contributing to a more reduced extracellular environment and subsequently favoring neuronal Cys import. Here, we revisit the experimental evidence that led to the accepted hypothesis of astrocytes acting as suppliers of neuronal glutathione precursors, considering recent data from the Human Protein Atlas. In addition, we highlight some potential drawbacks of this hypothesis, mainly supported by heterogeneous cellular models. Finally, we outline additional and more cost-efficient possibilities by which astrocytes could support neuronal glutathione levels, including its shuttling in extracellular vesicles.
High-Speed Sampler for UWB Breast Cancer Detection System

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Aiming to increase the early detection rate, this work describes an analog circuit that makes possible the Equivalent Time Sampling technique in an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) front-end used for low-cost breast screening applications. The circuit was developed in the mature TSMC 180nm technology and the approach was to build a single-ended topology to reduce area and power. The designed layout occupies just an area of 179 $\mathbf{x}\boldsymbol{203}\ \upmu \mathbf{m}2$. The circuit was fabricated and measured directly on the die achieving a bandwidth of about 8 GHz, which is adequate for wideband imaging, and had a power consumption of 18 mW operating at 20 MSPS.
Optimizing the Safety and Efficacy of Bio-Radiopharmaceuticals for Cancer Therapy

The precise delivery of cytotoxic radiation to cancer cells through the combination of a specific targeting vector with a radionuclide for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) has proven valuable for cancer care. TRT is increasingly being considered a relevant treatment method in fighting micro-metastases in the case of relapsed and disseminated disease. While antibodies were the first vectors applied in TRT, increasing research data has cited antibody fragments and peptides with superior properties and thus a growing interest in application. As further studies are completed and the need for novel radiopharmaceuticals nurtures, rigorous considerations in the design, laboratory analysis, pre-clinical evaluation, and clinical translation must be considered to ensure improved safety and effectiveness. Here, we assess the status and recent development of biological-based radiopharmaceuticals, with a focus on peptides and antibody fragments. Challenges in radiopharmaceutical design range from target selection, vector design, choice of radionuclides and associated radiochemistry. Dosimetry estimation, and the assessment of mechanisms to increase tumor uptake while reducing off-target exposure are discussed.
A Statistical-Topographic Model for Mapping Climatological Precipitation over Mountainous Terrain

Abstract The demand for climatological precipitation fields on a regular grid is growing dramatically as ecological and hydrological models become increasingly linked to geographic information systems that spatially represent and manipulate model output. This paper presents an analytical model that distributes point measurements of monthly and annual precipitation to regularly spaced grid cells in midlatitude regions. PRISM (Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) brings a combination of climatological and statistical concepts to the analysis of orographic precipitation. Specifically, PRISM 1) uses a digital elevation model (DEM) to estimate the “orographic” elevations of precipitation stations; 2) uses the DEM and a windowing technique to group stations onto individual topographic facets; 3) estimates precipitation at a DEM grid cell through a regression of precipitation versus DEM elevation developed from stations on the cell's topographic facet; and 4) when possible, calculates.