Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional activities of DUX4 fusions in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

DUX4 fusions are novel oncogenes in a subset of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) clinical cases, generally in older children and adolescent patients. [1][1] DUX4 fusion transcripts are generated from insertions of wild-type (WT) DUX4 , mainly into the IGH locus. [1][1]–[4][2] Notably, the
Voter Demands, Access to Resources, and Party Switching: Evidence from the South Korean National Assembly, 1988–2008

Abstract This paper investigates why some legislators tend to switch parties frequently – which is believed to undermine effective representation of citizen interests in democracies – while others tend to stay put. On the assumption that the ultimate goal of legislators is to be reelected, I argue that voters' demands for local/individual benefits, or pork, and legislators' lack of access to resources for such benefits are likely to lead the legislators to switch parties in order to improve their electoral chances in the subsequent election. By analyzing party switches by legislators from 1988 to 2008 in South Korea, where the president controls access to the pork pipeline, I find that the president's party members are less likely and independents are more likely to change party affiliations, irrespective of voter demands for pork or national public policies. However, I also find that opposition party legislators who are elected from less-developed districts, where voters tend to desire pork over policy, are more likely to switch parties than those elected from more-developed districts. These findings suggest that interaction between voter demands and party access to resources influences politicians’ party loyalty: voter demands for pork (or policy) tend to lead politicians to be less (or more) loyal to their current parties. Voter demands, however, have little impact on the party loyalty of those who are already in parties with access to the pork pipeline.
Physiological responses to feeding, fasting and estivation for anurans

SUMMARY Anuran estivation is characterized by long episodes of aphagia. To investigate whether estivating anurans downregulate intestinal performance as an adaptive mechanism to reduce energy expenditure, I compared the metabolic and intestinal responses to feeding, fasting and estivation among non-estivating and estivating species of the anuran families Bufonidae, Leptodactylidae and Ranidae. Standard metabolic rates of the estivating Bufo alvarius, Ceratophrys ornata and Pyxicephalus adspersus were significantly less than those of the non-estivating Bufo marinus, Leptodactylus pentadactylus and Rana catesbeiana. Whereas the digestion of rodent meals equaling 15% of anuran body mass generated significant metabolic responses for all species, specific dynamic action was significantly greater for the estivating species. For estivating species, feeding triggered more than a doubling of small intestinal mass and significant upregulation of intestinal nutrient transport rates, resulting in six- to tenfold increases in total intestinal nutrient uptake capacity. The postprandial intestinal responses of the non-estivating species were much more modest, averaging a 50% increase in small intestinal mass and 69% increase in uptake capacities. Following 1 month of laboratory-induced estivation, C. ornata and P. adspersus had further depressed metabolic rates by 20%, intestinal masses by 44%, and total intestinal uptake capacities by 60%. In a fashion similar to infrequently feeding, sit-and-wait foraging snakes, estivating anurans possess the capacity to severely downregulate intestinal performance with fasting and estivation, and subsequently upregulate the gut with feeding. The depression in gut performance during estivation aids in reducing energy expenditure, thereby increasing the duration that the animal can remain dormant while relying solely upon stored energy.
Isomorphic Transfer of Syntactic Structures in Cross-Lingual NLP

The transfer or share of knowledge between languages is a potential solution to resource scarcity in NLP. However, the effectiveness of cross-lingual transfer can be challenged by variation in syntactic structures. Frameworks such as Universal Dependencies (UD) are designed to be cross-lingually consistent, but even in carefully designed resources trees representing equivalent sentences may not always overlap. In this paper, we measure cross-lingual syntactic variation, or anisomorphism, in the UD treebank collection, considering both morphological and structural properties. We show that reducing the level of anisomorphism yields consistent gains in cross-lingual transfer tasks. We introduce a source language selection procedure that facilitates effective cross-lingual parser transfer, and propose a typologically driven method for syntactic tree processing which reduces anisomorphism. Our results show the effectiveness of this method for both machine translation and cross-lingual sentence similarity, demonstrating the importance of syntactic structure compatibility for boosting cross-lingual transfer in NLP.
Investigating the binding mechanism of novel 6-aminonicotinate-based antagonists with P2Y12 by 3D-QSAR, docking and molecular dynamics simulations

P2Y12 receptor is an attractive target for the anti-platelet therapies, treating various thrombotic diseases. In this work, a total of 107 6-aminonicotinate-based compounds as potent P2Y12 antagonists were studies by a molecular modeling study combining three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the decisive binding conformations of these antagonists with P2Y12 and the structural features for the activity. The optimum CoMFA and CoMSIA models identified satisfactory robustness and good predictive ability, with R2 = . 983, q2 = . 805, = . 881 for CoMFA model, and R2 = . 935, q2 = . 762, = . 690 for CoMSIA model, respectively. The probable binding modes of compounds and key amino acid residues were revealed by molecular docking. MD simulations and MM/GBSA free energy calculations were further performed to validate the rationality of docking results and to compare the binding modes of several compound pairs with different activities, and the key residues (Val102, Tyr105, Tyr109, His187, Val190, Asn191, Phe252, His253, Arg256, Tyr259, Thr260, Val279, and Lys280) for the higher activity were pointed out. The binding energy decomposition indicated that the hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions play important roles for the binding of compounds to P2Y12. We hope these results could be helpful in design of potent and selective P2Y12 antagonists.
Ensemble modeling informs hypoxia management in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Significance The number of coastal hypoxia areas is spreading worldwide, with severe environmental and societal impacts. The second-largest hypoxic zone occurs in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where anthropogenic nutrient load is a key driving factor, as in many coastal waters. We address policy-relevant questions raised by Gulf stakeholders and decision-makers using an ensemble approach that integrates results from multiple models. Through development of a rigorous framework to propagate intramodel and intermodel uncertainty into the ensemble, we provide policymakers with the response of hypoxic area to a range of different nitrogen load reduction scenarios, with corresponding probabilistic statements that allow for quantitative risk assessment of alternative policy strategies. A large region of low-dissolved-oxygen bottom waters (hypoxia) forms nearly every summer in the northern Gulf of Mexico because of nutrient inputs from the Mississippi River Basin and water column stratification. Policymakers developed goals to reduce the area of hypoxic extent because of its ecological, economic, and commercial fisheries impacts. However, the goals remain elusive after 30 y of research and monitoring and 15 y of goal-setting and assessment because there has been little change in river nitrogen concentrations. An intergovernmental Task Force recently extended to 2035 the deadline for achieving the goal of a 5,000-km2 5-y average hypoxic zone and set an interim load target of a 20% reduction of the spring nitrogen loading from the Mississippi River by 2025 as part of their adaptive management process. The Task Force has asked modelers to reassess the loading reduction required to achieve the 2035 goal and to determine the effect of the 20% interim load reduction. Here, we address both questions using a probabilistic ensemble of four substantially different hypoxia models. Our results indicate that, under typical weather conditions, a 59% reduction in Mississippi River nitrogen load is required to reduce hypoxic area to 5,000 km2. The interim goal of a 20% load reduction is expected to produce an 18% reduction in hypoxic area over the long term. However, due to substantial interannual variability, a 25% load reduction is required before there is 95% certainty of observing any hypoxic area reduction between consecutive 5-y assessment periods.
Conceptualising host learning in community-based ecotourism homestays

This paper draws on practice-based theorising in workplace education to conceptualise the learning of hosts in homestay provision in community-based ecotourism (CBET). The paper first discusses the spatial and social dimensions of community homestays, reviews literature on homestay tourism, cultural commodification and colonialisation of local communities, and argues that agency is due homestay hosts in negotiating CBET on their own terms. Billet's model of workplace learning – describing curriculum practices, pedagogic practices and epistemological practices – is then used to conceptualise host learning in CBET, drawing on a comprehensive review of published research on homestays in CBET. The paper argues that host learning and education give hosts the capacity for local self-determination and control of ecotourism development and management. The conclusion offers directions for further research and practice.
Instructional Interaction Development and Its Effects in Online Foreign Language Learning.

This paper introduced the features of scaffolding to the development of instructional interaction in online foreign language learning, and testified their effects on learners’ perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, sense of community, and continuance intention by the integration of the Technology-Acceptance Model and the Organizational Framework of Online Learning Community. An instrument was developed, data were collected from 299 students, and the relationships among the variables of scaffolding features, learners’ perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, sense of community, continuance intention, etc., were examined by path analysis. The results showed that although instructional interaction developed in accordance with the scaffolding features cannot affect learners’ continuance intention directly, it plays a partially mediating role by significantly affecting learners’ perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and sense of community.
Power allocation in service area interference channels

Adaptive power allocation is an effective means for interference management. This paper addresses transmit power allocation in interference channels with a total power constraint. In particular, realistic service area networks which can be modeled as interference channels are considered for investigation. Various power allocation strategies in service area interference channels are discussed, among which the proposed iterative waterfilling algorithm is verified to be a favorable approach in terms of sum capacity, especially for universal frequency reuse.
Public Health Significance of Listeria monocytogenes in Milk and Milk Products : An Overview

Milk and milk products serve as important source of many disease producing microbes including Listeria monocytogenes, which is a Gram-positive, motile, psychotropic bacterium, and is the principal cause of listeriosis in humans and in a wide variety of animals including birds. The disease occurs in sporadic as well as in epidemic form, following the ingestion of food contaminated by this organism. In the world, it is becoming an important food-borne bacterial disease, with low incidence but high case fatality rate. L. monocytogenes primarily affects older, pregnant women, newborns, and adults with weakened immune systems; and it has been recovered from the soil, dust, water, sewage, decaying vegetation, etc. Raw or inadequately pasteurized milk (or milk contaminated post-pasteurization), soft cheeses, ice cream and other dairy products are important sources of L. monocytogenes in humans. The disease has two forms, one febrile gastroenteritis and other invasive systemic disease. The control of Listeria in foods relies largely on a HACCP approach and the establishment of effective critical control points in the process. As milk and milk products are important vehicles of L. monocytogenes and clear risk factors, it is emphasized that people susceptible for acquiring listeriosis should not consume unpasteurized milk and milk products.
Early Embryogenesis of Brown Alga Fucus vesiculosus L. is Characterized by Significant Changes in Carbon and Energy Metabolism

Brown algae have an important role in marine environments. With respect to their broad distribution and importance for the environment and human use, brown algae of the order Fucales in particular became a model system for physiological and ecological studies. Thus, several fucoids have been extensively studied for their composition on the molecular level. However, research of fucoid physiology and biochemistry so far mostly focused on the adult algae, so a holistic view on the development of these organisms, including the crucial first life stages, is still missing. Therefore, we employed non-targeted metabolite profiling by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to create a non-biased picture of the early development of the fucoid alga Fucus vesiculosus. We found that embryogenic physiology was mainly dominated by a tight regulation of carbon and energy metabolism. The first dramatic changes of zygote metabolism started within 1 h after fertilization, while metabolism of 6–9 days old embryos appeared already close to that of an adult alga, indicated by the intensive production of secondary metabolites and accumulation of mannitol and citric acid. Given the comprehensive description and analysis we obtained in our experiments, our results exhibit an invaluable resource for the design of further experiments related to physiology of early algal development.
Green Data Gathering under Delay Differentiated Services Constraint for Internet of Things

Energy-efficient data gathering techniques play a crucial role in promoting the development of smart portable devices as well as smart sensor devices based Internet of Things (IoT). For data gathering, different applications require different delay constraints; therefore, a delay Differentiated Services based Data Routing (DSDR) scheme is creatively proposed to improve the delay differentiated services constraint that is missed from previous data gathering studies. The DSDR scheme has three advantages: first, DSDR greatly reduces transmission delay by establishing energy-efficient routing paths (E2RPs). Multiple E2RPs are established in different locations of the network to forward data, and the duty cycles of nodes on E2RPs are increased to 1, so the data is forwarded by E2RPs without the existence of sleeping delay, which greatly reduces transmission latency. Secondly, DSDR intelligently chooses transmission method according to data urgency: the direct-forwarding strategy is adopted for delay-sensitive data to ensure minimum end-to-end delay, while wait-forwarding method is adopted for delay-tolerant data to perform data fusion for reducing energy consumption. Finally, DSDR make full use of the residual energy and improve the effective energy utilization. The E2RPs are built in the region with adequate residual energy and they are periodically rotated to equalize the energy consumption of the network. A comprehensive performance analysis demonstrates that the DSDR scheme has obvious advantages in improving network performance compared to previous studies: it reduces transmission latency of delay-sensitive data by 44.31%, reduces transmission latency of delay-tolerant data by 25.65%, and improves network energy utilization by 30.61%, while also guaranteeing the network lifetime is not lower than previous studies.
Magnetic Core Solenoid Power Inductors on Organic Substrate for System-in-Package Integrated High-Frequency Voltage Regulators

In this paper, the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of System-in-Package (SiP) solenoid power inductor using a NiZn ferrite composite magnetic core material is demonstrated. A novel fabrication process has been developed for integrating the inductor into the buck-type integrated voltage regulator (IVR) module. The process uses stencil printing to deposit and pattern the magnetic core material. Photolithography and copper electroplating are used to form the windings. The electrical parameters of the fabricated inductors were extracted from measurements. The inductors had an average dc resistance of 19 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, average inductance of 28.3 nH, and average ac resistance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.28~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 100 MHz, which is the operating frequency of the IVR. The organic substrate parasitic effect led to an average shunt capacitance of 2.31 pF and an average parasitic conductance of 0.12 mS at 100 MHz. The 10% saturation current was 11.53 A. The electrical parameters of the fabricated inductors were modeled and showed good accuracy with measured data. The inductors showed an inductance to dc resistance ratio of 1613 nH/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The area and volume energy densities were 158.4 nJ/mm<sup>2</sup> and 283.0 nJ/mm<sup>3</sup>, respectively. These are the highest reported values for a solenoid magnetic core power inductor at 100 MHz.
Pronunciation Variants and ASR of Colloquial Speech: A Case Study on Czech

A standard ASR system is built using three types of mutually related language resources: apart from speech recordings and orthographic transcripts, a pronunciation component maps tokens in the transcripts to their phonetic representations. Its implementation is either lexicon-based (whether by way of simple lookup or of a stochastic grapheme-to-phoneme converter trained on the source lexicon) or rule-based, or a hybrid thereof. Whichever approach ends up being taken (as determined primarily by the writing system of the language in question), little attention is usually paid to pronunciation variants stemming from connected speech processes, hypoarticulation, and other phenomena typical for colloquial speech, mostly because the resource is seldom directly empirically derived. This paper presents a case study on the automatic recognition of colloquial Czech, using a pronunciation dictionary extracted from the ORTOFON corpus of informal spontaneous Czech, which is manually phonetically transcribed. The performance of the dictionary is compared to a standard rule-based pronunciation component, as evaluated against a subset of the ORTOFON corpus (multiple speakers recorded on a single compact device) and the Vystadial telephone speech corpus, for which prior benchmarks are available.
Optimal Retirement and Saving with Increasing Longevity

We develop a simple life cycle optimizing model of retirement and savings. We show that, in theory, higher incomes lead to earlier retirement and higher savings while longer life spans lead to later retirement and lower savings. We calibrate our model using data from the United States and find that the model predicts that over the last century the effect of rising incomes has been twice as large as the effect of the secular rise in life expectancy.
A Novel Analytical Method for Throughput Calculation of Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks Running Different Routing Algorithms

During the transmission in multi-hop networks, most of the time is consumed by decisions regarding switching through the determined path in the core part of the network. So the best route with minimum route reconstruction delay and transmission delay between source and the destination must be predicted and established in order to satisfy the requirements of especially real-time applications such as gaming, video applications and voice applications.
A Low VSWR and High Efficiency Waveguide Feed Antenna Array

A low VSWR and high efficiency antenna array operating in the Ku band for satellite communications is presented in this paper. To achieve high radiation efficiency and broad enough bandwidth, all-metal radiation elements and full-corporate waveguide feeding network are employed. As the general milling method is used in the multilayer antenna array fabrication, the -plane waveguide feeding network is adopted here to suppress the wave leakage caused by the imperfect connectivity between adjacent layers. A 4 × 8 elements array prototype was fabricated and tested for verification. The measured results of proposed antenna array show bandwidth of 6.9% (13.9–14.8 GHz) for VSWR < 1.5. Furthermore, antenna gain and efficiency of higher than 22.2 dBi and 80% are also exhibited, respectively.
Subband Adaptive Filtering Algorithm Over Functional Link Neural Network

In this paper, a subband adaptive filtering algorithm is developed over functional link neural network (FLNN) in order to overcome the issue of slow convergence of FLNNs for colored input signals. The basic idea is to introduce a delayless multi-sampled multiband-structured subband FLNN (DMSFLNN). In the proposed DMSFLNN, the principle of minimum disturbance is adopted in every subband with a view to improving the learning capacity of FLNNs. An investigation is made into the mean property of the subband adaptive filtering algorithm, thus establishing a stability condition of the DMSFLNN. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulation study is undertaken to verify the effectiveness of the proposed subband adaptive filtering algorithm.
Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement

The purpose of this article is to give a general overview of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and how it could be treated arthroscopically, with some details about indications, the procedure itself and some of the complications associated with the surgery. FAI is a dynamic condition of the hip that can be a source of pain and disability and could potentially lead to arthritis. When symptomatic, and if conservative treatment fails, FAI can be addressed surgically. The goal of surgical treatment for FAI is to recreate the spherical contour of the femoral head, improve femoral offset, normalize coverage of the acetabulum, repair/reconstruct chondral damage and repair/reconstruct the labrum to restore normal mechanics and joint sealing. Advances in equipment and technique have contributed to an increase in the number of hip arthroscopy procedures performed worldwide and have made it one of the more common treatment options for symptomatic FAI. Hip arthroscopy is a procedure with an extremely steep and long learning curve. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:121-129. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3. 170041