Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminaries to an account of multi-party conversational turn-taking as an antiferromagnetic spin glass

We present empirical justification of why logistic regression may acceptably approximate, using the number of currently vocalizing interlocutors, the probabilities returned by a time-invariant, conditionally independent model of turn-taking. The resulting parametric model with 3 degrees of freedom is shown to be identical to an infinite-range Ising antiferromagnet, with slow connections, in an external field; it is suitable for undifferentiated-participant scenarios. In differentiated-participant scenarios, untying parameters results in an infinite-range spin glass whose degrees of freedom scale as the square of the number of participants; it offers an efficient representation of participant-pair synchrony. We discuss the implications of model parametrization and of the thermodynamic and feed-forward perceptron formalisms for easily quantifying aspects of conversational dynamics.
Identification of a contact‐dependent growth inhibition system in the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917

Abstract Contact‐dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is a type of competitive mechanisms and has been identified in various strains including Burkholderia, Dickeya, E. coli and Yersinia. Classical CDI systems contain three genes, cdiB, cdiA and cdiI. CdiB encoded by cdiB gene is a conserved &bgr;‐barrel protein and required for export of CdiA. CdiA protein encoded by cdiA gene includes a conserved N‐terminal domain and variable C‐terminal toxic domain (CdiA‐CT). Immunity protein CdiI binds and inactivates toxin protein CdiA‐CT. Here, we identified two CDI systems, an intact cdiBAI operon with a truncated CdiB due to an unexpected mutation and an ‘orphan' cdiA‐CT/cdiI module in the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) genome. Both CdiA‐CTs from EcN showed auto‐inhibition activity when transferring into E. coli DH5&agr;, as well the sequential deletion of amino acid residues resulted in the generation of the most potent mutant of CdiA‐CT. CdiI neutralized the toxicity activity of CdiA and was immunity protein as previous report. In conclusion, this is the first report that the functional CDI system is in probiotic EcN and might provide a potential competitive mechanism for probiotic EcN in intestinal microenvironment.
Maintainability of software process models: an empirical study

Adequate process modeling is one of the key factors for the success of software organizations. Currently, organizations face with a very high competition and consequently they have to continuously improve their processes. This improvement could require changes of the process models so it is important to evaluate the maintainability of these models to facilitate their evolution. In this paper we present the results obtained with the replication of an experiment to validate a set of metrics for software process models (SPMs). The replicas were performed at the Italian Universities of Sannio (Italy) and Federico II (Naples). They are part of a family of experiments and have confirmed the results obtained in the original experiment carried out at the University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). As a result a set of useful indicators of the understandability and modifiability of the SPMs, which are two key sub-characteristics of their maintainability, have been obtained.
Electronic structure of hybrid halide perovskite photovoltaic absorbers

The performance of organometallic perovskite solar cells has rapidly surpassed those of both traditional dye-sensitized and organic photovoltaics, e.g. solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3 have recently reached 18% conversion efficiency. We analyze its electronic structure and optical properties within the quasiparticle self-consistent GW approximation (QSGW ). Quasiparticle self-consistency is essential for an accurate description of the band structure: bandgaps are much larger than what is predicted by the local density approximation (LDA) or GW based on the LDA. Several characteristics combine to make the electronic structure of this material unusual. First, there is a strong driving force for ferroelectricity, as a consequence the polar organic moiety CH3NH3. The moiety is only weakly coupled to the PbI3 cage; thus it can rotate give rise to ferroelectric domains. This in turn will result in internal junctions that may aid separation of photoexcited electron and hole pairs, and may contribute to the current-voltage hysteresis found in perovskite solar cells. Second, spin orbit modifies both valence band and conduction band dispersions in a very unusual manner: both get split at the R point into two extrema nearby. This can be interpreted in terms of a large Dresselhaus term, which vanishes at R but for small excursions about R varies linearly in k. Conduction bands (Pb 6p character) and valence bands (I 5p) are affected differently; moreover the splittings vary with the orientation of the moiety. We will show how the splittings, and their dependence on the orientation of the moiety through the ferroelectric effect, have important consequences for both electronic transport and the optical properties of this material.
A 134 GHz <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${+}4$</tex> </formula> dBm Frequency Doubler at <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$f_{\max}$</tex></formula> in 130 nm CMOS

A +4 dBm 134 GHz frequency doubler operating at the maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of the technology is shown in an IBM 130 nm CMOS process. The doubler is implemented in a balanced topology, driven by a chain of stacked Class-AB amplifiers, and generates the highest reported power in 130 nm CMOS beyond 100 GHz. A theoretical study of frequency doublers is presented including scaling trends across frequency and CMOS technology nodes.
Assessment of the potential for catheter heating during MR imaging

There is an increasing interest in using MR imaging as a means of guiding endovascular procedures due to MR's unparalleled soft tissue characterization capabilities and its ability to assess functional parameters such as blood flow and tissue perfusion. In order to evaluate the potential safety risk of catheter heating, we performed in vitro testing where we measured heat deposition in sample non-ferrous 5F catheters ranging in length from 80cm - 110cm within a gel phantom. To identify the conditions for maximum heat deposition adjacent to catheters, we measured (1) the effect of variable immersed lengths, (2) the effect of variable SAR, and (3) whether heating varied along the catheter shaft. Net temperature rise per scan and initial rate of temperature rise were determined for all configurations. The temperature recordings clearly and consistently demonstrated the correlations between MR scanning under the three variable conditions and heat deposition. Our overall maximum heating condition, which combined the maximum heating conditions of all three variables, was modest (<2°C/min), but well above the temperature response of the gel well away from the catheter. Reduced SAR acquisitions effectively limited these temperature rises, and RF exposure levels of 0.2W/kg produced little detectible temperature change over the 2 minute MR acquisitions studied here. A combination of SAR limits and imaging duty cycle restrictions appear to be sufficient to permit MR imaging in catheterized patients without concern for thermal injury.
Genetic evidence for sex‐biased dispersal in resident bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus)

In most mammals males usually disperse before breeding, while females remain in their natal group or area. However, in odontocete cetaceans behavioural and/or genetic evidence from populations of four species indicate that both males and females remain in their natal group or site. For coastal resident bottlenose dolphins field data suggest that both sexes are philopatric to their natal site. Assignment tests and analyses of relatedness based on microsatellite markers were used to investigate this hypothesis in resident bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops aduncus, from two small coastal populations of southeastern Australia. Mean corrected assignment and mean relatedness were higher for resident females than for resident males. Only 8% of resident females had a lower probability than average of being born locally compared to 33% of resident males. Our genetic data contradict the hypothesis of bisexual philopatry to natal site and suggest that these bottlenose dolphins are not unusual amongst mammals, with females being the more philopatric and males the more dispersing sex.
Face Tracking Based on Fusion Skin Color Model and Optical Flow Algorithm

A fusion algorithm based on skin color model and optical flow is proposed to detect and track faces. It uses skin color model to detect faces and adopts optical flow algorithm to estimate the continuity of the video frames and obtain the position of faces in the frames. Taking advantages of the algorithms, the proposed method, in some degrees, gives a solution to the effects of face rotation, partial occlusion, expression variation and illumination on face detecting and face tracking.
Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder With Glandular Differentiation: Report of 92 Cases

Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder with glandular differentiation (CIS-GL) is rare with some showing an association with small cell carcinoma. There is a paucity of data on whether CIS-GL diagnosed in the absence of invasive carcinoma is associated with an increased risk of developing small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Twenty-seven cases of CIS-GL were identified from the consult files of one of the authors from 2008 to 2015 without prior or coexisting invasive carcinoma at the time of diagnosis. Sixty-five additional cases were identified with concurrent CIS-GL and invasive carcinoma to assess the nature of the association. Of the 27 cases with only CIS-GL without invasive carcinoma at the time of diagnosis, follow-up time ranged from 11 to 91 months (mean, 41.1 mo). Of 24/27 cases with follow-up information: 13 (54.2%) had no evidence of disease at last follow-up, typically treated with induction and maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin; 3 (12.5%) patients underwent radical cystectomy due to disease progression; 2 (8.3%) patients had recurrent CIS, and 1 (4.2%) had recurrent noninvasive low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (UC) (these patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment); 2 (8.3%) patients died of metastatic UC; and 3 (12.5%) died of other or unknown causes. Of note, none of these 24 patients developed small cell carcinoma. Of the 65 cases with concurrent CIS-GL and invasive carcinoma, the invasive carcinoma was: pure UC in 29/65 (45%); invasive UC with GL in 13/65 (20%); coexisting small cell carcinoma and invasive UC in 8/65 (12%); plasmacytoid UC in 7/65 (11%); sarcomatoid UC in 3/65 (5%); micropapillary UC in 2/65 (3%); squamous in 2/65 (3%); and signet ring with colloid features in 1/65 (1%). Patients with CIS-GL without invasive carcinoma are at significant risk for cancer progression and in a minority of cases at risk for death from bladder carcinoma, similar to usual CIS. Typically, subsequent invasive carcinoma is UC rather than adenocarcinoma. Similarly, the largest fraction of concurrent invasive carcinoma and CIS-GL is UC. However, this study for the first time demonstrates the wide spectrum of other UC variants that coexist with CIS-GL, including a sizeable minority of cases with invasive UC with GL. Although there is a disproportionately high fraction of CIS-GL with coexisting small cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma does not seem to develop at high frequency following the diagnosis and treatment of CIS-GL.
Analysis of low-frequency noise characterisation set-up for electronic devices

In this paper we report an investigation into the low-frequency noise characterisation of electronic devices. Low-frequency noise measurements are complex with several noise sources present in the full measurement set-up. The different noise sources make measurement of the noise signal from the device complicated as noise from sources other than the device need to be suppressed or eliminated. We present a clear quantitative understanding of the noise signals from the various critical components in a typical noise measurement set-up. The quantitative analysis presented here can serve as a guide for accurate noise measurements of electronic devices.
What a cognitivist can take from discursive research

To an unreconstructed cognitivist with experience of developing General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations and national tests in mathematics, the three papers which provide the core of this special issue (Morgan & Sfard; Morgan, Morgan & Tang) provided a refreshing opportunity to consider examination items from a different perspective. The integration of sociocultural/communicational and social semiotic/functional linguistic viewpoints underpinning the ESRC-funded The Evolution of the Discourse of School Mathematics (EDSM) highlighted for me the role of examination texts as purveyors of cultural meanings, communicating an authorised definition of school mathematics. The fourth paper (Alshwaikh) showed an attempt to translate this analysis to a different medium and also to a different culture and language. The fifth paper (Adler & Lerman) usefully took a step back and reminded me of the importance of who sets these cultural definitions, drawing on narratives from two contrasting countries. With little background in language and discourse I am obviously not well placed to comment on the theoretical issues and will confine myself mainly to pragmatic and policy matters. The choice of examination papers as the discursive artefact for focus is a very appropriate one as, in spite of curricular rhetoric, as the authors point out, examinations set the boundaries on what students are expected to be able to interpret and perform, and by implication what takes place in lesson-time over many years. Taking eight timepoints between 1980 and 2011 provided a revealing historic trajectory of cultural change. It was perhaps a pity that funding constraints only allowed the higher level papers to be examined; maybe in retrospect reducing the number of time-points and extending the attainment range of the papers covered might have provided some interesting contrasts of the type suggested by Dowling (1998) and Cooper and Dunne (2000). And in defence of the authorities, maybe the inclusion of the more open and active coursework tasks which completed the assessment of students at most but not all time-points would have given a more valid picture of the full examination discourse. By taking higher levels only, against a background of changes to overall structures (e.g. General Certificate of Education [GCE] O Level to GCSE, 3-tier to 2-tier), a variation in the target population might have been expected to affect the nature of the items set, so it would have been useful to know what percentage of the cohort were entered for higher level papers at each time point. Even more interesting would have been the facilities of individual items referenced and mark distributions of the examinations; one of the complaints of the Cockcroft Report (Department of Education and Science/Welsh Office, 1982) was that too many students were finding little they could do on GCE O Level
Dietary phyto-oestrogens: molecular mechanisms, bioavailability and importance to menopausal health

Following the high-profile studies on hormone replacement therapy which provided little evidence in support of the drug therapy improving future health, there remains a growing demand for dietary solutions for maintaining health and preventing disease as women age. Although interest in the relative importance of phyto-oestrogens to human health has increased dramatically over the last decade, the effective dose for health benefits and hypothetical issues on safety remain to be resolved. Plausible mechanisms and epidemiological data are available to support the concept that phyto-oestrogen-rich diets exert physiological effects, but optimal doses and sources of these compounds have still not been elucidated for specific health benefits. In addition, much of the current mechanistic data are difficult to interpret as the experiments have incorporated levels of phyto-oestrogens that may not be achievable in vivo and have to date only used aglycones and glycosides of the pure compounds rather than examining the biological effects of gut and liver metabolites. The present review will concentrate on the isoflavone subclass of phyto-oestrogens, as, to date, these compounds have received most attention from both a commercial and research perspective.
Anisotropic Inverse Compton Scattering in the Galaxy

The inverse Compton scattering of interstellar photons off cosmic-ray electrons seems to play a more important role in the generation of diffuse emission from the Galaxy than thought before. The background radiation field of the Galaxy is highly anisotropic since it is dominated by the radiation from the Galactic plane. An observer in the Galactic plane thus sees mostly head-on scatterings even if the distribution of the cosmic-ray electrons is isotropic. This is especially evident when considering inverse Compton scattering by electrons in the halo, i.e., the diffuse emission at high Galactic latitudes. We derive formulae for this process and show that the anisotropy of the interstellar radiation field has a significant effect on the intensity and angular distribution of the Galactic diffuse γ-rays, which can increase the high-latitude Galactic γ-ray flux up to 40%. This effect should be taken into account when calculating the Galactic emission for extragalactic background estimates.
Beyond Spaces: Debunking the Public/Private Divide in Understanding Violence Against Women in India

Purpose: One of the hallmarks of the second wave feminism was to recognise and popularise the public men/private women dichotomy that had never been explored by the preceding feminist schools for the fear of ‘politicising the private sphere’. The sanctity of the private sphere and its immunity from the outside world has been religiously maintained, which in turn manifested the private as the sphere of safety and non-encroachment. Violence within the private sphere hardly makes its way out of the four walls of the house for multiple reasons thus again confirming and upholding the notion that private sphere is relatively more tenable in comparison to the public domain while crimes committed in the public sphere are widely reported. But in this paper, the author tries to debunk the idea of gendering space (with relevant National Crime Record Bureau, India data) created to make women feel more secured in the private than in the public sphere. Methodology: With the help of the NCRB data the author first establishes a relationship between space and incidence of violence and put forward the argument that in actual reality victimization doesn’t have a spatial characteristic, though forms may differ. Results: The paper argues that the idea of space is a patriarchal product which not only jeopardizes the mobility of women between spaces but aggravates their vulnerability in general. Recommendations: De-gendering spaces- doing away with labelling of spaces- is therefore crucial to minimize victimisation of women in different spheres. Increasing visibility of the women in spaces can go a long to sensitize people by reducing the association of the private sphere with women and thus help in breaking the public/private dichotomy to a great extent. The myth of protective cocoon that domestic sphere is often associated has long been busted and as far as the assault in the public sphere is concerned it can be contained by the process of de-gendering. Violence, like ‘risk’ has the capability of transcending boundaries, therefore doing away with the concept of strict boundary can be regarded as a probable solution to contain violence in both the spheres. Keywords: Public/private dichotomy, gendering spaces, NCRB reports, patriarchy
Cognitive Revolution and Second-Generation Cognitive Science

Neither the traditional cognitive psychology with computation metaphor as core hypothesis nor the connectionist psychology can overcome the fundamental problem of so-called disembodied mind.Thus the contemporary cognitive psychology is in need of change for a new paradigm.The second-generation cognitive science highly features embodiment and situatedness.It will lead cognitive neuroscience into a new era and create potentials of eventually combining the scientism and humanism in psychology.It is based on the dynamic system model,which might result in the revolution of psychological methodology because the relationship among variables(factors)in this model is completely different from the interaction relationship among variables in the traditional analysis of variance.The emergence of the second-generation cognitive science will encourage people to reconsider some important issues,such as psychological ontology,mind-body relationship,physiological reductionism,consciousness research and the possibility of complete mind imitation by artificial intelligence.The author contends that with regard to the mind-body relationship,we should consider physiology as the necessary condition but not the substantial condition of psychology,avoid physiological reductionism and re-examine the theory of dualism-based physiological mechanism.The scientism and humanism in psychology tradition are likely to combine together on the basis of cognitive situatedness,which is emphasized by the second-generation cognitive science.Psychologists should put much emphasis on how mind process information.The first-generation cognitive science fails to conduct reliable studies on consciousness,because it confounds conscious with mind processing,such as perception,attention,memory and thinking.This tendency of replacing consciousness with psychology should be avoided.The dynamic system model used by the second-generation cognitive science is more likely to help us uncover the mystery of how the consciousness comes into being.
Intakes and perceived home availability of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables as reported by mothers, fathers and adolescents in the HEIA (HEalth In Adolescents) study

Abstract Objective To investigate the intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), fruit and vegetables (FV) among adolescents and their parents and to explore differences in the perceived availability by gender and parental education. Design Baseline data from the HEIA (HEalth In Adolescents) study. Setting Data on intake of SSB were collected assessing frequency and amounts, whereas consumption of FV was assessed on the basis of frequency. Further, perceived availability at home and at school (taken from home) was reported. Subjects Participants were 1528 Norwegian adolescents aged 11 years, as well as 1200 mothers and 1057 fathers. Results The adolescents’ intake of SSB was low on weekdays but doubled during weekend days. This pattern was observed among parents as well. There were significant differences in intake between boys, girls, mothers and fathers, except for vegetables. Fathers reported the lowest frequency of FV intake. Compared with adolescents, mothers reported lower availability of SSB and higher availability of FV. Compared with their sons, fathers reported higher availability of vegetables and lower availability of sugar-sweetened fruit drinks at school. Significant differences in adolescents’ intake of SSB and in the perceived availability of both SSB and FV by parental education were found. Conclusions The intake of SSB was higher during weekend days than during weekdays, whereas the frequency of FV intake was low. Differences in adolescents’ perceived availability of both SSB and FV on the basis of parental education were found, whereas the differences in intake were significant only for SSB. Increasing parental awareness of availability and their potential as role models across parental gender and educational level could improve adolescents’ dietary habits.