Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colorization for Image Compression

In this work we focus on the problem of colorization for image compression. Since color information occupies a large proportion of the total storage size of an image, a method that can predict accurate color from its grayscale version can produce dramatic reduction in image file size. But colorization for compression poses several challenges. First, while colorization for artistic purposes simply involves predicting plausible chroma, colorization for compression requires generating output colors that are as close as possible to the ground truth. Second, many objects in the real world exhibit multiple possible colors. Thus, to disambiguate the colorization problem some additional information must be stored to reproduce the true colors with good accuracy. To account for the multimodal color distribution of objects we propose a deep tree-structured network that generates multiple color hypotheses for every pixel from a grayscale picture (as opposed to a single color produced by most prior colorization approaches). We show how to leverage the multimodal output of our model to reproduce with high fidelity the true colors of an image by storing very little additional information. In the experiments we show that our proposed method outperforms traditional JPEG color coding by a large margin, producing colors that are nearly indistinguishable from the ground truth at the storage cost of just a few hundred bytes for high-resolution pictures!
-1- Slide 1

[slide 1] The project I'm going to describe today has two primary goals. First, we aim to profile the reading-related aptitudes of adolescents and young adults whose limited literacy skills pose serious impediments to their occupational and educational prospects. To be clear, our focus is on garden-variety poor readers, a group distinguishable from the targets of much psycholinguistic and reading research by neither fitting usual criteria for reading disability, nor in being just another convenience sample of university undergraduates. Conventional assessments of reading skill and its components tend to look at comprehension as a product. Our second goal, primary in the context of today's talk, is to understanding the process of comprehension, comprehension as it unfolds in time. We use the
The Comparison between Healing of Mucoperiosteal Incisions Made by Electrosurgery and Scalpel

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact ecommons@luc.edu. for their contributions and for participating as members of my research committee. I also wish to express my appreciation to William G. Sewell who researched and wrote Appendix A and coauthored Appendix B. I am grateful to Dr. Jon B. Suzuki for his assistance in preparing and evaluating the photomicrographs and proofreading the text. Finally, a loving thank you to Roxanne K. Young for her assistance in preparing the manuscript. Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois as a pre-dental student where he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in January 1969. In January 1969 he began teaching elementary school in Chicago, Illinois until he started his professional training at Loyola University School of Dentistry in the following September.
A characterization of a java-based commercial workload on a high-end enterprise server

While past studies with simple Java benchmarks like SPECjvm98 and SPECjbb2000 have been integral in advancing the industry, this paper illustrates some of the characteristics of a more complex and realistic 3-Tier J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition) commercial workload, SPECjAppServer2004.In the course of this study, we both validate and disprove certain assumptions commonly made by researchers about Java workloads. For instance, on a tuned system having a heap of the appropriate size, the fraction of CPU time spent on garbage collection (GC) for this complex workload is small (<2%) compared to commonly studied benchmarks like SPECjbb2000 and SPECjvm98.In addition to high-level statistics on garbage collection and the execution profile, detailed hardware performance characteristics, such as the branch misprediction rates and lock contention, are evaluated and used to motivate future research directions. We also use statistical correlation to evaluate and compare the relative significance of different hardware events to the overall performance of the system.
Automated Spoken Dialog System for Hypertensive Patient Home Management

Recent advances in automatic speech recognition and related technologies allow computers to carry on conversations by telephone. We developed an intelligent dialog system that interacts with hypertensive patients to collect data about their health status. Patients thus avoid the inconvenience of traveling for frequent face to face visits to monitor the clinical variables they can easily measure at home; the physician is facilitated in acquiring patient information and cardiovascular risk, which is evaluated from the data according to noted guidelines. Controlled trials to assess the clinical eﬃcacy are under way
Providing Packet Obituaries

The Internet is transparent to success but opaque to failure. This veil of ignorance prevents ISPs from detecting failures by peering partners, and hosts from intelligently adapting their routes to adverse network conditions. To rectify this, we propose an accountability framework that would tell hosts where their packets have died. We describe a preliminary version of this framework and discuss its viability.
Multimodal targeting of tumor vasculature and cancer stem-like cells in sarcomas with VEGF-A inhibition, HIF-1α inhibition, and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) inhibition with pazopanib is an approved therapy for sarcomas, but likely results in compensatory pathways such as upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). In addition, cancer stem-like cells can preferentially reside in hypoxic regions of tumors and be resistant to standard chemotherapies. In this study, we hypothesized that the combination of VEGF-A inhibition, HIF-1α inhibition, and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy with evofosfamide would be an effective multimodal strategy. Multimodal therapy was examined in one genetically engineered and two xenograft mouse models of sarcoma. In all three models, multimodal therapy showed greater efficacy than any single agent therapy or bimodality therapy in blocking tumor growth. Even after cessation of therapy, tumors treated with multimodal therapy remained relatively dormant for up to 2 months. Compared to the next best bimodality therapy, multimodal therapy caused 2.8-3.3 fold more DNA damage, 1.5-2.7 fold more overall apoptosis, and 2.3-3.6 fold more endothelial cell-specific apoptosis. Multimodal therapy also decreased microvessel density and HIF-1α activity by 85-90% and 79-89%, respectively, compared to controls. Sarcomas treated with multimodal therapy had 95-96% depletion of CD133(+) cancer stem-like ells compared to control tumors. Sarcoma cells grown as spheroids to enrich for CD133(+) cancer stem-like cells were more sensitive than monolayer cells to multimodal therapy in terms of DNA damage and apoptosis, especially under hypoxic conditions. Thus multimodal therapy of sarcomas with VEGF-A inhibition, HIF-1α inhibition, and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy effectively blocks sarcoma growth through inhibition of tumor vasculature and cancer stem-like cells.
Impact of problem decomposition on Cooperative Coevolution

Variable Interaction Learning (VIL) is an emerging technique regarding detecting interacting variables so that Cooperative Coevolutionary Evolutionary Algorithms (CCEAs) can decompose problems accordingly and tackle subproblems of smaller sizes. While previous approaches are developed to efficiently perform VIL, no study has been on the actual usefulness of the detected variable interactions in terms of the performance of CCEAs. Since VIL is a computationally expensive task by itself, overly spending time on VIL without notable benefits for CCEAs should be avoided. It is hence critical to study the real impact of problem decomposition on CCEAs. We conduct empirical studies to address three closely related questions: 1) will a better problem decomposition lead to better performance of CCEAs, 2) when will improving problem decomposition benefit CCEAs, and 3) to what extent will improving problem decomposition enhance the performance of CCEAs.
Physical health decision making and decision aid preferences of individuals with severe mental illness

ABSTRACT Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) often suffer from comorbid physical health conditions that reduce quality of life and longevity. The integrated care movement has improved access to primary care services, but system change does not necessarily impact health behaviors. In an effort to better understand health behaviors of persons with SMI in integrated care, we explored physical health decision making and decision aid preferences. We conducted three focus groups, including two consumer groups and one mental health staff group. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, employing independent coding, thematic analysis, and meaning-making processes. Data suggest that overall, the consumer groups preferred a shared decision making process, with the doctor making the final treatment decision. Staff indicated that decision making depended on a consumer’s functioning level. Consumers liked the idea of using a decision aid, and reported preferring the computerized aid. Staff felt that decision aids were dependent on consumer level of functioning. Consumers generally view primary care doctors as experts, but like the idea of using decision aids to assist in making medical decisions. Staff feel that consumers may need help in both decision making and decision aid use in primary care.
Islands in the sea: extreme female natal site fidelity in the Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea

Pinnipeds (seals, fur seals, sea lions and walrus) form large breeding aggregations with females often remaining faithful to a natal site or area. In these cases, females are philopatric to regional areas on broad geographical scales of hundreds to thousands of kilometres. An investigation of variation in a control region sequence of mtDNA in the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) has shown a case of extreme female natal site fidelity that has resulted in almost fixed population differentiation across its range (ΦST=0.93). This high level of population subdivision over short geographical distances (approx. 60 km) is unparalleled in any social marine mammal and reflects the unique life-history traits of this rare species. The high level of population subdivision and exclusive female natal site fidelity has important ramifications for conservation management, and poses many interesting questions of both academic and applied interest.
UK specialist cardiothoracic management of thoracic injuries in military casualties sustained in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

OBJECTIVES Outcomes of casualties with thoracic wounding at the deployed UK military field hospital (Role 3(R3)) have been previously described. The level of cardiothoracic specialist input required on repatriation to the UK is less clear. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of casualties with thoracic injuries repatriated to the UK (Role 4 (R4)) and evaluate the impact of specialist cardiothoracic care. METHODS Casualties were identified through the UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry. Casualties coded for pulmonary contusions and/or thoracotomy between March 2006 and March 2011 were identified and case-notes reviewed. Subgroup analysis was performed for patients with a documented thoracic abbreviated injury score ≥3. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-two UK patients were admitted to UK R4 coded to have a thoracic injury; overall mortality 4.9%. Ninety-three were classified as a thoracic AIS of ≥3; mortality 6.5%. Sixty-four were coded for pulmonary contusions and/or thoracotomy; mortality 1.6, and 66% had thoracic AIS ≥3. Improvised explosive devices injured 54 and 62% had a penetrating injury. Pulmonary contusions were present in 70%; 43% developed a chest infection. Thoracotomy/sternotomy was performed in 13 casualties in R3; 3 re-explored in R4. Oscillatory ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was required in 1 case. Cardiothoracic surgery was involved in managing 39% (n = 24) of cases; 11 (45%) required surgical intervention and 19 (79%) had cardiothoracic outpatient follow-up. CONCLUSION Morbidity and mortality associated with significant thoracic injury is low at UK R4. Follow-up is required to assess long-term outcomes. Specialist cardiothoracic support and intervention was required in the management of complex thoracic trauma. Early specialist support at R4 may improve morbidity and outcomes associated with life-threatening thoracic injury.
Extended Star Formation and Molecular Gas in the Tidal Arms near NGC 3077

We report the detection of ongoing star formation in the prominent tidal arms near NGC 3077 (member of the M81 triplet). In total, 36 faint compact H II regions are identified, covering an area of ∼4 × 6 kpc2. Most of the H II regions are found at H I column densities above 1 × 1021 cm-2 (on scales of 200 pc), well within the range of threshold columns measured in normal galaxies. The H II luminosity function resembles those derived for other low-mass dwarf galaxies in the same group; we derive a total star formation rate of 2.3 × 10-3 M⊙ yr-1 in the tidal feature. We also present new high-resolution imaging of the molecular gas distribution in the tidal arm using CO observations obtained with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory interferometer. We recover about one-sixth of the CO flux (or M ∼ 2 × 106 M⊙, assuming a Galactic conversion factor) originally detected in the IRAM 30 m single-dish observations, indicating the presence of a diffuse molecular gas component in the tidal arm. The brightest CO peak in the interferometer map (comprising half of the detected CO flux) is coincident with one of the brightest H II regions in the feature. Assuming a constant star formation rate since the creation of the tidal feature (presumably ∼3 × 108 yr ago), a total mass of ∼7 × 105 M⊙ has been transformed from gas into stars. Over this period the star formation in the tidal arm has resulted in an additional enrichment of ΔZ > 0.002. The reservoir of atomic and molecular gas in the tidal arm is ∼3 × 108 M⊙, allowing star formation to continue at its present rate for a Hubble time. Such widespread, low-level star formation would be difficult to image around more distant galaxies but may be detectable through intervening absorption in quasar spectra.
An In-Vehicle Physiological Signal Monitoring System for Driver Fatigue Detection

This paper describes the development of an in-vehicle measurement system that monitors the physiological signals (i.e., heart rate, heart rate variation, breathing and eye blinking) of drivers. These physiological signals will be utilized to detect the onset of driver fatigue, crucial for timely applying drowsiness countermeasures. Fatigue driving is one of the most significant factors causing traffic accidents. Clinic research has found physiological signals are good indicators of drowsiness. A conventional bioelectrical signal measurement system requires the electrodes to be in contact with human body. This not only interferes with the normal driver operation, but also is not feasible for long term monitoring purpose. This study developed a non-contact sensing platform that can remotely detect bioelectrical signals in real time. With delicate sensor electronics design, the bioelectrical signals associated with electrocardiography (ECG), breathing and eye blinking can be measured. The current sensor can detect the Electrocardiography (ECG) signals with an effective distance of up to 30 cm away from the body. It also provides sensitive measurement of physiological signals such as heart rate, breathing, eye blinking etc. The sensor performance was validated on a high fidelity driving simulator. Digital signal processing algorithms has been developed to decimate the signal noise and automate signal analyses. The characteristics of physiological signals indicative of driver fatigue, i.e., the heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), breath frequency and eye blinking frequency, can be determined. A robust drowsiness indicator is being developed by coupling the multiple physiological parameters to achieve high reliability in drowsiness detection.
RT-Seed: Real-Time Middleware for Semi-Fixed-Priority Scheduling

The continuing economic boom has seen that many people become interested in automated trading systems with timing constraints and quality of service, called real-time trading systems. In order to realize such real-time trading systems, multi-/many-core processors are required. However, real-time trading systems are somewhat complex, and real-time operating systems struggle to offer continuous support because of their customization, robustness, maintainability, and portability compared with real-time middleware. An imprecise computation model is employed to support these trading systems, and semi-fixed-priority scheduling is a representative imprecise real-time scheduling technique for multi-/many-core processors. Unfortunately, there is no real-time middleware that supports semi-fixed-priority scheduling. This paper presents the RT-Seed real-time middleware, which implements a semi-fixed-priority scheduling algorithm, called Partitioned Rate Monotonic with Wind-up Part (P-RMWP), on Linux. P-RMWP supports the parallel-extended imprecise computation model that executes optional parts in parallel, called parallel optional parts. This paper also describes how to terminate parallel optional parts in the user space. The performance of P-RMWP is evaluated using Intel's Xeon Phi many-core system.
Problems of Psychology and Ethnic Psychology of Nomads –Kazakhs in the Works of Abay Qunanbaev

The relevance of the presented problem in this paper is conditioned by the fact that the study of the psychological heritage of Abay Qunanbaev contributes to the formation of psychological competence of future psychologists and allows the hoisting of the national model of education in line with Bologna process. The purpose of this article is to gain an understanding of the psychological characteristics of nomads – the Kazakhs from the standpoint of scientific psychology. One of the important tasks is to attract undergraduates to the writing of a thesis on this topic and replenish materials for a monograph on this basis. The main research methods are theoretical-methodological, comparative analysis and a hermeneutic way of interpreting of the psychology of the nomads. Understanding of the psychology of the nomads in the work of Abay Qunanbaev "Words of edification" from the perspective of scientific psychology enriches psychological science of Kazakhstan, increases psychological competence of psychologists, readers and contributes to the development of the Bologna process at the national level. The proposed research method allows exploring of the other unexplored fields of the cultural heritage of nomads.
IS ADDICTION \RATIONAL"? THEORY AND EVIDENCE1

This paper makes two contributions to the modeling of addiction. First, we provide new and convincing evidence that smokers are forward looking in their smoking decisions, using state excise tax increases that have been legislatively enacted but are not yet e ective, and monthly data on consumption. Second, we develop a new model of addictive behavior that takes as its starting point the standard "rational addiction" model, but incorporates time inconsistent preferences. This model also exhibits forward looking behavior, but it has strikingly di erent normative implications; in this case optimal government policy should depend not only on the externalities that smokers impose on others but also on the "internalities" imposed by smokers on themselves. We estimate that the optimal tax per pack of cigarettes should at least one dollar higher under our formulation than in the rational addiction case.
The determinants of corporate political strategy in Chinese transition

Corporate political strategy (CPS) formulation in Chinese transition is an area with little empirical work. We fill this gap validly and the primary focus of this study is to examine the firm- and industry-level factors influencing Chinese firms' political strategy choice. Empirical support is found for the taxonomy of corporate political strategies in Chinese transition—that is direct participation strategy, financial incentive strategy, prolocutor strategy, institution innovation strategy, government association strategy and government involvement strategy. The results indicate that there is no consistently significant firm- and industry-level predictor of all six political strategies and we explore what determinants are related to each specific decision independently. We also verify the random effects of industry-level variables and our hypotheses are tested through using general evaluation equations (GEEs). Our study aims to be helpful to point managers toward both industrial environments and internal resources to consider when making appropriate political strategy choices and thus improve Chinese firms' strategy management level. Some implications of findings are also discussed finally. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the CMU ATIS System

The CMU Phoenix system is an experiment in understanding spontaneous speech. It has been implemented for the Air Travel Information Service task. In this task, casual users are asked to obtain information from a database of air travel information. Users are not given a vocabulary, grammar or set of sentences to read. They compose queries themselves in a spontaneous manner. This task presents speech recognizers with many new problems compared to the Resource Management task. Not only is the speech not fluent, but the vocabulary and grammar are open. Also, the task is not just to produce a transcription, but to produce an action, retrieve data from the database. Taking such actions requires parsing and "understanding" the utterance. Word error rate is not as important as utterance understanding rate.Phoenix attempts to deal with phenomena that occur in spontaneous speech. Unknown words, restarts, repeats, and poorly formed or unusual grammar are common is spontaneous speech and are very disruptive to standard recognizers. These events lead to misrecognitions which often cause a total parse failure. Our strategy is to apply grammatical constraints at the phrase level and to use semantic rather than lexical grammars. Semantics provide more constraint than parts of speech and must ultimately be delt with in order to take actions. Applying constraints at the phrase level is more flexible than recognizing sentences as a whole while providing much more constraint than word-spotting. Restarts and repeats are most often between phase occurences, so individual phrases can still be recognized correctly. Poorly constructed grammar often consists of well-formed phrases, and is often semantically well-formed. It is only syntactically incorrect. We associate phrases by frame-based semantics. Phrases represent word strings that can fill slots in frames. The slots represent information which the frame is able to act on.The current Phoenix system uses a bigram language model with the Sphinx speech recognition system. The top-scoring word string is passed to a flexible frame-based parser. The parser assigns phrases (word strings) from the input to slots in frames. The slots represent information content needed for the frame. A beam of frame hypotheses is produced and the best scoring one is used to produce an SQL query.