Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Anti-Inflammatory Drug Leflunomide Is an Agonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

Background The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity and biological activity of dioxins and related chemicals. The AhR influences a variety of processes involved in cellular growth and differentiation, and recent studies have suggested that the AhR is a potential target for immune-mediated diseases. Methodology/Principal Findings During a screen for molecules that activate the AhR, leflunomide, an immunomodulatory drug presently used in the clinic for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, was identified as an AhR agonist. We aimed to determine whether any biological activity of leflunomide could be attributed to a previously unappreciated interaction with the AhR. The currently established mechanism of action of leflunomide involves its metabolism to A771726, possibly by cytochrome P450 enzymes, followed by inhibition of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis by A771726. Our results demonstrate that leflunomide, but not its metabolite A771726, caused nuclear translocation of AhR into the nucleus and increased expression of AhR-responsive reporter genes and endogenous AhR target genes in an AhR-dependent manner. In silico Molecular Docking studies employing AhR ligand binding domain revealed favorable binding energy for leflunomide, but not for A771726. Further, leflunomide, but not A771726, inhibited in vivo epimorphic regeneration in a zebrafish model of tissue regeneration in an AhR-dependent manner. However, suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by leflunomide or A771726 was not dependent on AhR. Conclusions These data reveal that leflunomide, an anti-inflammatory drug, is an agonist of the AhR. Our findings link AhR activation by leflunomide to inhibition of fin regeneration in zebrafish. Identification of alternative AhR agonists is a critical step in evaluating the AhR as a therapeutic target for the treatment of immune disorders.
Improving n-gram probability estimates by compound-head clustering

Compounding is one of the most productive word formation processes in many languages and is therefore a main source of data sparsity in language modeling. Many solutions have been suggested to model compound words, most of which break the compound into its constituents and train a new model with them. In earlier work, we argued that this approach is suboptimal and we presented a novel technique that clusters new, domain-specific compound words together with their semantic heads. The clusters were then used to build a class-based n-gram model that enabled a reliable estimation of n-gram probabilities, without the need for additional training data. In this paper, we investigate how this “semantic head mapping” can best be made an integral part of the language modeling strategy and find that, with some adaptations, our technique is capable of producing more accurate compound probability estimates than a baseline word-based n-gram language model, which lead to a significant word error rate reduction for Dutch read speech.
Advancing the Role of Social Mechanisms, Mediators, and Moderators in Securitization Theory: Explaining Security Policy Change in Japan

ABSTRACT In this article, I further develop the Copenhagen School’s securitization theory in a causal direction, by emphasizing the explanatory family of mechanisms, mediators and moderators. In the first half of this article, I present two models for conceptualizing the causal maps that securitization is part of. Next, I define five epistemological and methodological dimensions that are important for modelling securitization with causal power. The proposed approach is then put into practice by two most-similar case studies in the second half of the article: securitization attempts in Japan in 2006-07 and in 2012-15. By comparing his securitization efforts in 2006 and in 2012-15 respectively, I identify why PM Abe was successful in his securitization attempt in the latter period. Furthermore, I propose an explanatory set that together with securitization enabled certain effects to take place in Japan, namely the introduction of collective self-defense in 2014/15.
Controlling minimally-actuated vehicles for applications in ocean observation

Establishing a persistent presence in the ocean with an AUV to observe temporal variability of large-scale ocean processes requires a unique sensor platform. In this paper, we propose a strategy that utilizes ocean model predictions to increase the autonomy and control of Lagrangian or profiling floats for precisely this purpose. An A* planner is applied to a local controllability map generated from predictions of ocean currents to compute a path between prescribed waypoints that has the highest likelihood of successful execution. The control to follow the planned path is computed by use of a model predictive controller. This controller is designed to select the best depth for the vehicle to exploit ambient currents to reach the goal waypoint. Mission constraints are employed to simulate a practical data collection mission. Results are presented in simulation for a mission off the coast of Los Angeles, CA USA, and show surprising results in the ability of a Lagrangian float to reach a desired location.
Survey of the Quality of Experimental Design, Statistical Analysis and Reporting of Research Using Animals

For scientific, ethical and economic reasons, experiments involving animals should be appropriately designed, correctly analysed and transparently reported. This increases the scientific validity of the results, and maximises the knowledge gained from each experiment. A minimum amount of relevant information must be included in scientific publications to ensure that the methods and results of a study can be reviewed, analysed and repeated. Omitting essential information can raise scientific and ethical concerns. We report the findings of a systematic survey of reporting, experimental design and statistical analysis in published biomedical research using laboratory animals. Medline and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting research on live rats, mice and non-human primates carried out in UK and US publicly funded research establishments. Detailed information was collected from 271 publications, about the objective or hypothesis of the study, the number, sex, age and/or weight of animals used, and experimental and statistical methods. Only 59% of the studies stated the hypothesis or objective of the study and the number and characteristics of the animals used. Appropriate and efficient experimental design is a critical component of high-quality science. Most of the papers surveyed did not use randomisation (87%) or blinding (86%), to reduce bias in animal selection and outcome assessment. Only 70% of the publications that used statistical methods described their methods and presented the results with a measure of error or variability. This survey has identified a number of issues that need to be addressed in order to improve experimental design and reporting in publications describing research using animals. Scientific publication is a powerful and important source of information; the authors of scientific publications therefore have a responsibility to describe their methods and results comprehensively, accurately and transparently, and peer reviewers and journal editors share the responsibility to ensure that published studies fulfil these criteria.
An Automatic Extraction of Key Paragraphs Based on Context Dependency

In this paper, we propose a method for extracting key paragraphs in articles based on the degree of context dependency. Like Luhn's technique, our method assumes that the words related to theme in an article appear throughout paragraphs. Our extraction technique of keywords is based on the degree of context dependency that how strongly a word is related to a given context. The results of experiments demonstrate the applicability of our proposed method.
60 M ETRIC S PACE A XIOMATICS Spring AXIOMATICS THROUGH THE METRIC SPACE AXIOMS

In this article we discuss some elementary concepts in axiomatics, which is the study of axioms. The axiomatic system we use is that of a metric space, which will be familiar to many readers. Metric spaces were introduced by the French mathematician Maurice Fréchet in 1906 as a generalization of the real numbers and the " distance function " f (x, y) = |x − y|. The aim is to construct limits, continuity, openness and eventually differential calculus on this generalized base alone; the results will then apply to a wide class of spaces such as 2 without little particular work. Here we are only interested in metric spaces as an example of an axiomatic system; that is, a system which behaviors according to clear, well-defined rules. What do we desire in an axiom set? Intuitively, we might want our axiom sets to be as small as possible. In particular, if one axiom in an axiom set can be logically deduced from the others we might be inclined to remove it, as it serves no purpose and just makes our set less " pure " than it could be. If a specific axiom can't be deduced from the others then we say that that axiom is independent. If every axiom in a set is independent, we say the whole set is independent. Another, more important, requirement of our set of axioms is that it does imply contradictory statement. Such an axiom set would be effectively useless. An axiom set that isn't inherently contradictory is called consistent. The traditional definition of a metric space provides suitable grounds to discuss these and other concepts, and to illustrate techniques for proving properties of axiom sets. The standard definition of a metric space, as given in [2] for example, is as follows. Definition 1. A metric space M = {S, d} consists of a non-empty set S together with a map d : S × S → such that for all x, y, z ∈ S A 1 d(x, y) = 0 if and only if x = y A 2 d(x, y) ≥ 0 A 3 d(x, y) = d(y, x) A 4 d(x, y) ≤ d(x, z) + d(z, y)
Modeling a Conceptual Framework for secure Research Collaboration in Engineering and Technology

This work modelled a Cloud Computing based Research Collaboration Platform (CRCM) for Engineering and Technology. It features automatic real-time network data acquisition from virtual infrastructures. The platform was designed based on Software as a Service cloud computing model. The integration of the process architecture of the CRCM with the backend server was exploited and the feasibility of an adaptive queuing scheme for CRCM service efficiency in a typical cloud scenario using Simevent tool was done. The system has the following features: Content Management System (CMS), Document and File Sharing (DFS), Real Time Chatting (RTC), data acquisition from virtual infrastructures, online research library, research tracking and information management system. The system security is based on modified 2-MD 5 cryptographic algorithm. The performance evaluation of the proposed system was carried out considering other existing collaboration systems in the context of service efficiency and modulated queuing scenario. It competed favourably well with similar systems with a very low page response, very good system security, capability of access to remote equipments, and intellectual property protection. It is a solution to the following engineering research problems: research duplication, poor collaboration, poor funding/ wastage of the available funds, inadequate infrastructure, serious brain drain and poor awareness creation.
Iron Line and Diffuse Hard X-Ray Emission from the Starburst Galaxy M82

We examine the properties of the diffuse hard X-ray emission in the classic starburst galaxy M82. We use new Chandra ACIS-S observations in combination with reprocessed archival Chandra ACIS-I and XMM-Newton observations. We find that E ~ 6.7 keV Fe Heα emission is present in the central |r| < 200 pc, |z| < 100 pc of M82 in all data sets, in addition to a possibly nonthermal X-ray continuum and marginally significant E = 6.4 keV Fe Kα line emission. No statistically significant Fe emission is found in the summed X-ray spectra of the pointlike X-ray sources or the ULXs in the two epochs of Chandra observation. The total nuclear region iron line fluxes in the 2004 April 21 XMM-Newton observation are consistent with those of the Chandra-derived diffuse component, but in the 2001 May 6 XMM-Newton observation they are significantly higher and also both E = 6.4 and 6.9 keV iron lines are detected. We attribute the excess iron line emission to the ULX in its high state. In general, the iron K-shell luminosity of M82 is dominated by the diffuse component. The total X-ray luminosity of the diffuse hard X-ray emission is LX,2-8 keV ~ 4.4 × 1039 ergs s-1 in the E = 2-8 keV energy band, and the 6.7 keV iron line luminosity is LX,6.7 keV ~ (1.1-1.7) × 1038 ergs s-1. The 6.7 keV iron line luminosity is consistent with that expected from the previously unobserved metal-enriched merged SN ejecta that is thought to drive the larger scale galactic superwind. The iron line luminosity implies a thermal pressure within the starburst region of P/k ~ 2 × 107 K cm-3, consistent with independent observational estimates of the starburst region pressure.
Click-through-based Subspace Learning for Image Search

One of the fundamental problems in image search is to rank image documents according to a given textual query. We address two limitations of the existing image search engines in this paper. First, there is no straightforward way of comparing textual keywords with visual image content. Image search engines therefore highly depend on the surrounding texts, which are often noisy or too few to accurately describe the image content. Second, ranking functions are trained on query-image pairs labeled by human labelers, making the annotation intellectually expensive and thus cannot be scaled~up. We demonstrate that the above two fundamental challenges can be mitigated by jointly exploring the subspace learning and the use of click-through data. The former aims to create a latent subspace with the ability in comparing information from the original incomparable views (i.e., textual and visual views), while the latter explores the largely available and freely accessible click-through data (i.e., "crowdsourced" human intelligence) for understanding query. Specifically, we investigate a series of click-through-based subspace learning techniques (CSL) for image search. We conduct experiments on MSR-Bing Grand Challenge and the final evaluation performance achieves DCG@25=0.47225. Moreover, the feature dimension is significantly reduced by several orders of magnitude (e.g., from thousands to tens).
ParaWeb: towards world-wide supercomputing

In this paper, we describe the design of a system, called ParaWeb, for utilizing Internet or intra-net computing resources in a seamless fashion. The goal is to allow users to execute serial programs on faster compute servers or parallel programs on a variety of possibly heterogeneous hosts. ParaWeb provides extensions to the Java programming environment (through a parallel class library) and the Java runtime system that allow programmers to develop new Java applications with parallelism in mind, or to execute existing Java applications written using Java's multithreading facilities in parallel. Some experimental results from our prototype implementation are used to demonstrate the potential of this approach.
DSP-based measuring system for temperature-compensated fiber optical oxygen sensors

A new signal processing approach for fiberoptical sensors, microoptodes, is presented. All signal generation and processing is completely based on a fast, low-cost DSP (Digital Signal Processor). This enables the implementation of new features such as a simultaneous multi-frequency measurement to resolve different analytical parameters in the luminescence signal. For instance, a hybrid sensor was applied to simultaneously sense the temperature and oxygen concentration, and the temperature information was used to compensate for the temperature effect on the oxygen measurement. As a further benefit, recent improvements in indicator chemistry and fiber tip preparation also yield a luminescence signal level high enough to be detected with a common photodiode instead of a photomultiplier tube. Consequently, the combination of small detectors and highly integrated DSPs enable portable, handheld measurement devices with very little calibration requirements.
Discriminative Phrase-Based Models for Arabic Machine Translation

A design for an Arabic-to-English translation system is presented. The core of the system implements a standard phrase-based statistical machine translation architecture, but it is extended by incorporating a local discriminative phrase selection model to address the semantic ambiguity of Arabic. Local classifiers are trained using linguistic information and context to translate a phrase, and this significantly increases the accuracy in phrase selection with respect to the most frequent translation traditionally considered. These classifiers are integrated into the translation system so that the global task gets benefits from the discriminative learning. As a result, we obtain significant improvements in the full translation task at the lexical, syntactic, and semantic levels as measured by an heterogeneous set of automatic evaluation metrics.
Sedentary Optics: Static Anti-trafficking and Mobile Victims

Postpanopticism and the “mobility turn” within the social sciences provide important challenges to territorial constructs, such as Foucauldian panopticism and James Scott’s notion of the synoptic. According to these critiques, migration and mobility exemplify social practice that cannot easily be grasped through grid-like technologies of governing. In this paper, I take issue with these arguments by illuminating notable static and territorial ways in which migration governance is enacted. By examining anti-trafficking programs along the Lao-Thai border, I highlight how such programs make trafficking legible through static means. I argue that such grid-making practices are central to the reproduction of these programs. Furthermore, empirical specificity is central in theorizing migration governance, because it shows us how sedentary attempts at making migration legible for policy interventions must be understood in their specific context.
Hybrid filter combining with ZUPT for vehicle MINS

This paper proposes hybrid unscented particle filter for integrated navigation system of vehicle which have characteristics of long-time moving and frequent changes in dynamic performance and different non-linear and non-Gauss characteristics. The algorithm combined with zero velocity updates method (ZUPT) and effectively reduced the error of different vehicle's dynamic characteristics based on the integrated navigation system of vehicle. The test result show the method effectively to improved positioning accuracy and the error accumulation of vehicle.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic chordoma in a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)

A Bengal tiger was presented for evaluation of weakness, ataxia and inappetance. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass extending from the T7-8 vertebral body to the left rib and compressing the spinal cord. On CT, the bone destruction and sequestrum were shown. On MRI, the multilobulated mass appeared hypo- to isointense in T1-weighted and hyperintense in T2-weighted images. The tiger died after imaging, most likely from renal failure. Chordoma without metastasis was diagnosed on necropsy. The imaging characteristics were similar to those found in chordoma in humans. This report describes the use of CT and MRI in an exotic species.
Accelerating FPGA design space exploration using circuit similarity-based placement

This paper describes a novel and fast placement algorithm for FPGA design space (e.g., area, power or reliability) exploration. The proposed algorithm generates the placement based on the topological similarity between two configurations (netlists) in the design space. Thus, it utilizes the sharing of reusable information during the design space exploration and avoids the time-consuming placement computation like VPR. Tested on logic-level and algorithm-level design space exploration cases, our similarity-based placement accurately depicts the “shape” of a design space and pinpoints the designs which are of most interest to IC designers. Moreover, a turbo version of circuit similarity-based placement performs an average of 30x (up to 100x) faster than VPR's while still achieving comparable placement results.
Evolutionary Divergence of Circadian and Photoperiodic Phenotypes in the Pitcher-Plant Mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii

For decades, chronobiologists have investigated the relationship between the circadian clock that mediates daily activities and the photoperiodic timer that mediates seasonal activities. The main experiment used to infer a circadian basis for photoperiodic time measurement is the Nanda-Hamner protocol (NH). Herein, the authors compare additive and nonadditive (dominance and epistasis) genetic effects that lead to the divergence of populations of the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii, for critical photoperiod (CPP) and amplitude of the rhythmic response to NH for 3 temporal-geographic scales: 1) Over geological time between populations in northern and southern clades, 2) over millennial time between populations within the northern clade, and 3) over generational time between lines selected for long and short CPP from within a single population. The authors show that the pattern of additive, dominance, and epistatic effects depends on the time scale over which populations or lines have diverged. Patterns for genetic differences between populations for CPP and response to NH reveal similarities over geological and millennial time scales but differences over shorter periods of evolution. These results, and the observation that neither the period nor amplitude of the NH rhythm are significantly correlated with CPP among populations, lead the authors to conclude that the rhythmic response to NH has evolved independently of photoperiodic response in populations of W. smithii. The implication is that in this species, genetic modification of the circadian clock has not been the basis for the adaptive modification of photoperiodic time measurement over the climatic gradient of North America.
Separate linear receiver interfaces for MIMO multiple-access channels

We address the design of a receiver for the uplink of a direct sequence code division multiple access wireless communication system, endowed with multiple transmit and receive antennas and affected by multiple-access interference (MAI) for the presence of multiple transmitting users. The receiver is assumed to keep separate the tasks of mitigating the spatial and MAI in order to be implementable in two options: a baseline option accommodating the MAI mitigation interface only and an enhanced option accommodating the spatial interference mitigation interface as well. The MAI mitigating interface is based on standard linear multiuser detectors. The spatial interference mitigating interface is derived according to a linear minimum mean-square error criterion, which assumes the MAI mitigating interface to be given.