Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatic encephalopathy—Definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: Final report of the Working Party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998

Research on hepatic encephalopathy is hampered by the imprecise definition of this disabling complication of liver disease. Under this light, the Organisation Mondiale de Gastroentérologie commissioned a Working Party to reach a consensus in this area and to present it at the 11th World Congress of Gastroenterology in Vienna (1998). The Working Party continued its work thereafter and now present their final report. In summary, the Working Party has suggested a modification of current nomenclature for clinical diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy; proposed guidelines for the performance of future clinical trials in hepatic encephalopathy; and felt the need for a large study to redefine neuropsychiatric abnormalities in liver disease, which would allow the diagnosis of minimal (subclinical) encephalopathy to be made on firm statistical grounds. In the interim, it proposes the use of a psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score, based on the result of 5 neuropsychologic tests. Finally, the need for a careful evaluation of the newer neuroimaging modalities for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy was stressed.
On the Use of Linguistic Information for Broadcast News Speaker Tracking

In this paper, we have explored a speaker characterization at two different linguistic levels, the lexical content and the syntactical form, in the context of broadcast news (BN) speaker tracking task. The modeling of the information is done classically, by a n-gram approach applied on the word sequence for the linguistic content and on the syntactical tags issued from this sequence for the syntactical level (n-class modeling). The experiments were done on a subset of the BN rich transcription French evaluation campaign, ESTER. We have observed that lexical information is not useful for BN data while the syntactical information seems promising as it allows significant speaker identification and verification performance (until 40% of correct identification rate and 35% of EER)
Psychological dimensions of masculinity and femininity and attitudes toward women among Black, Hispanic, and White female college students

PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF MASCULINITY AND FEMININITY AND ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN AMONG BLACK, HISPANIC, AND WHITE FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS May 1982 Clementine A. Pugh B.A., Shaw University M.S.W. , Columbia University Ed.D. , University of Massachusetts Directed By: Bailey Jackson, Ed.D. Contemporary research on the psychological dimensions of masculinity and femininity has focused almost exclusively on the study of White middle-class women. This study addressed this omission by including Hispanic and Black women . Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is twofold: 1. To examine the differences and similarities in the self-reports of Black, Hispanic, and White female college students concerning masculinity and femininity. Their perceptions of the "ideal" woman and the "ideal" man of the same racial groups are
Overview Chapter 8: The impact of public policies on European fertility

This chapter outlines the positions in the current debate about the possibility of using public policies to influence fertility. We note the polarization between, on the one hand, those who view public policies as obvious means for lifting the currently low fertility levels in Europe, in line with the role of economic policies in a modern society; and, on the other hand, those who feel that family policies are inefficient, and perhaps even unnecessary. We place the contributions of the national chapters of this book in this framework and describe the formidable methodological difficulties that face those who seek to investigate policy impacts on fertility behavior. While properly conducted empirical investigations have overcome such problems and have clearly demonstrated policy effects in specific circumstances, we conclude that, in general, national fertility is possibly best seen as a systemic outcome that depends more on broader attributes, such as the degree of family-friendliness of a society, and less on the presence and detailed construction of monetary benefits.
The Nature of the Current and Anticipated Shortage of Professional Skills and Qualities of Workers in the Russian Labor Market

This article analyzes the characteristics of the existing and expected deficit of professional skills and qualities of workers employed by Russian companies. Analyzed factors include generic skills, soft or behavioral skills, the influence of the qualification, and shortage on the effectiveness of the companies as a whole. The data is based on a survey of employers.
Scarpa fascia preservation during abdominoplasty: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND Preservation of the Scarpa fascia has been suggested as a way of lowering complications associated with conventional abdominoplasty. Objective evidence regarding this strategy is lacking. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of preserving the Scarpa fascia in the infraumbilical area during a full abdominoplasty. METHODS A prospective study was performed at a single center from November of 2005 to November of 2007 of the patients submitted to abdominoplasty with umbilical transposition. Two groups were identified: group A, classic full abdominoplasty; and group B, full abdominoplasty with preservation of infraumbilical Scarpa fascia. Several variables were determined: age, body mass index, previous surgical procedures, comorbid conditions, specimen weight, time to suction drain removal, total volume of drain output, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS A total of 208 full abdominoplasties were performed (group A, 143 patients; group B, 65 patients). There was no statistically significant difference between groups with respect to body mass index, previous abdominal operations, comorbid medical conditions, or weight of the surgical specimen (p > 0.05). The group with preservation of the Scarpa fascia had an average reduction of the total amount of drain output of more than 50 percent (p < 0001). This group also had an average reduction of 2.0 days until the time to drain removal (p < 0.001) and 1.9 days of the hospital stay (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Preservation of the Scarpa fascia during abdominoplasty has a beneficial effect on patient recovery, as it reduces the total drain output, time to drain removal, and length of hospital stay.
The volunteer management handbook

Partial table of contents: VOLUNTEER DEVELOPMENT. Metaphors and Visions for the Voluntary Sector (J. Van Til). Motivating People to Volunteer Their Services (M. Meneghetti). Recruitment, Orientation, and Retention (J. Bradner). Training and Development of Volunteers (S. Lulewicz). VOLUNTEER MANAGEMENT. Policies for Volunteer Program (L. Graff). Administration of Volunteer Programs (A. Stepputat). Episodic Volunteering (N. Macduff). Reward and Recognition Systems for Volunteers (E. Peach & K. Murrell). The Role of Volunteers in Fund-Raising (E. Estes). VOLUNTEERS AND THE LAW. General Liabilities and Immunities (C. Quattrocki). Board Member Liability and Responsibility (K. Vargo). Risk Management Strategies (K. Vargo). National Service: Twenty Questions and Some Answers (J. Van Til). Appendix. Index.
SSRIs in the Treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder

The introduction of the SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) over the past decade has provided exciting new opportunities for the treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). The serotonin hypothesis, based on the preferential response of OCD to the serotonin reuptake inhibitor, clomipramine, paved the way for research into the efficacy of the SSRIs in the treatment of this disorder. Large, controlled, multicenter studies have found clomipramine and the SSRIs, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, and paroxetine, to be effective and safe in the treatment of OCD. Meta‐analytic studies have reported that clomipramine is superior to the SSRIs; however, direct head‐to‐head comparisons suggest equal efficacy. As SSRIs have a more favorable side‐effect profile they may be preferable as first‐line treatment of OCD. Improvement following adequate OCD drug treatment is frequently partial whereupon augmentation strategies may become necessary. High rates of relapse have been reported on discontinuation of SRI treatment. Long‐term maintenance treatment has been found to be effective in sustaining initial therapeutic gains and bringing about further improvement. Depression and Anxiety, Volume 8, Supplement 1:105–113, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recurrence of Congenital Heart Defects in Families

Background— Knowledge of the familial contribution to congenital heart diseases (CHD) on an individual and population level is sparse. We estimated an individual’s risk of CHD given a family history of CHD, as well as the contribution of CHD family history to the total number of CHD cases in the population. Methods and Results— In a national cohort study, we linked all Danish residents to the National Patient Register, the Causes of Death Register, the Danish Central Cytogenetic Register, and the Danish Family Relations Database, yielding 1 763 591 persons born in Denmark between 1977 and 2005, of whom 18 708 had CHD. Individuals with CHD were classified by phenotype. We estimated recurrence risk ratios and population-attributable risk. Among first-degree relatives, the recurrence risk ratio was 79.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.9 to 190) for heterotaxia, 11.7 (95% CI, 8.0 to 17.0) for conotruncal defects, 24.3 (95% CI,12.2 to 48.7) for atrioventricular septal defect, 12.9 (95% CI, 7.48 to 22.2) for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, 48.6 (95% CI, 27.5 to 85.6) for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, 7.1 (95% CI, 4.5 to 11.1) for isolated atrial septal defect, and 3.4 (95% CI, 2.2 to 5.3) for isolated ventricular septal defect. The overall recurrence risk ratio for the same defect was 8.15 (95% CI, 6.95 to 9.55), whereas it was 2.68 (95% CI, 2.43 to 2.97) for different heart defects. Only 2.2% of heart defect cases in the population (4.2% after the exclusion of chromosomal aberrations) were attributed to CHD family history in first-degree relatives. Conclusions— Specific CHDs showed highly variable but strong familial clustering in first-degree relatives, ranging from 3-fold to 80-fold compared with the population prevalence, whereas the crossover risks between dissimilar cases of CHD were weaker. Family history of any CHD among first-degree relatives accounted for a small proportion of CHD cases in the population.
DIFUSÃO DE INOVAÇÕES: CRÍTICAS E ALTERNATIVAS AO MODELO DOMINANTE

O modelo dominante de difusao de inovacoes, hoje classico, e apresentado sucintamente, mostrando suas bases assentadas na teoria da modernizacao e no conceito dicotomico "tradicional-moderno". Quando aplicado aos estudos da difusao e aos programas de acao desenvolvimentistas no Terceiro Mundo, esse modelo nao se mostrou suficientemente explicativo dos determinantes da rejeicao de inovacoes tecnologicas e do subdesenvolvimento rural, nem do relativo fracasso dos programas de acao nele assentados. As principais criticas ao modelo e a sua aplicacao, assim como algumas alternativas sao apresentadas. Entre estas, a de Galjart, assentada em fatores naturais, estruturais e culturais, mostrou-se particularmente promissora para os estudos de adocao e de difusao de inovacoes na agricultura e para embasar a acao de programas de desenvolvimento rural nos paises em desenvolvimento. DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS: CRITIQUES AND ALTERNATIVES TO THE DOMINANT PARADIGM Abstract The dominant paradigm for the studies of diffusion of innovations is summarized and it is shown that its theoretical support is basead on the theory of modernization and the dicotomy traditio-nal-modern. This theoretical basis is criticized by the best known researchers in this field. Among these critics and suggested alternative paradigms, the Galjart's is emphasized, because it seems to be parti-cularly promising for the studies of diffusion of innovations in agriculture, and for the rural development programs in the Third World.
The safety of formoterol among patients with asthma using inhaled corticosteroids. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION It has been postulated that inhaled long acting beta-agonists (LABAs) when used as monotherapy in asthma may increase the incidence of asthma related deaths, intubations and hospitalizations, but concomitant use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may modify this effect. OBJECTIVES To assess the safety of formoterol in patients with asthma using ICS. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of parallel group, blinded, randomized controlled trials with at least 12 weeks of treatment examining the impact of twice a day formoterol on asthma-related and total morbidity and mortality in patients concurrently using ICS. Our main analysis considering impact of LABAs (salmeterol and formoterol) has already been published. In this report we present detailed information from studies investigating use of twice daily formoterol among patients receiving ICS. RESULTS The search yielded 16 relevant studies included in this analysis. Among over 10,000 participants (5,996 taking formoterol with over 4,000 patient-years observation in formoterol groups) there were 2 asthma-related deaths (both in formoterol groups) and no asthma-related non-fatal intubations. The risk of asthma-related hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR] 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.93) and asthma-related serious adverse events (mostly hospitalizations) [OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91] were significantly lower in patients on formoterol and ICS compared to patients on ICS alone. The OR for total mortality was 1.22, 95% CI 0.38-3.90, reflecting 7 deaths in formoterol groups and 3 deaths in control groups respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with asthma using inhaled corticosteroids formoterol decreased the risk of asthma-related hospitalizations. There were too few asthma-related deaths and intubations to establish formoterol's relative impact on these outcomes.
Evaluation of the cognitive goals of OZNAKI: enhancement of spatial projective abilities

The OZNAKI Project applies cognitive goals to the design of TINY robotics languages and sequences of lessons in which students program simple robots and TV "block" graphics. One such lesson sequence, the "Projection Module", has been designed to emphasise "projection", a fundamental spatial ability. The course was evaluated in a study involving students aged 8 to 13 years. Experimental and control groups consisted of students matched by age, class, and spatial ability (measured by pre-test), with no previous OZNAKI experience. While the experimental group participated in OZNAKI lessons the control group had only their usual maths lessons. The pre- and post-tests took the form of individual Piagetian interviews with the primary school students, and multi-choice questionnaires with the junior high school students, thus giving two distinct studies. Significant enhancement of spatial abilities was found for the experimental group in both the primary and the secondary studies.
Perfect Phrases for Dealing with Difficult People: Hundreds of Ready-to-Use Phrases for Handling Conflict, Confrontations and Challenging Personalities

This book provides perfect phrases for the right situation, every time. Whether it's hiring employees or creating teams, the "Perfect Phrases" series has the tools for precise, effective communication in any situation. With "Perfect Phrases" books, you have all the phrases you need to get things done, right at your fingertips!
Development of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors in the Nervous System and Possible Roles in Regulating trkC Expression

Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) expression during development is necessary for understanding the role of these factors during neural maturation. In this study, in situ hybridization analyses demonstrate that BMP-specific type I (BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB) and type II (BMPR-II) receptor mRNAs are expressed at significant levels in multiple regions of the CNS, cranial ganglia, and peripheral sensory and autonomic ganglia during the embryonic and neonatal periods. All three BMP receptor subunits are expressed within periventricular generative zones. BMPR-IA is more abundant than the other receptor subtypes, with widespread expression in the brain, cranial ganglia, and peripheral ganglia. By contrast, BMPR-IB mRNA displays significant expression within more restricted regions, including the anterior olfactory nuclei. BMPR-II mRNA exhibits peak expression within the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer and the hippocampus, as well as within cranial ganglia. The distribution of BMP receptors within large neurons in adult dorsal root ganglia suggested a possible role in regulating expression of the neurotrophin receptor trkC. This hypothesis was tested in explant cultures of embryonic day 15 (E15) and postnatal day 1 (P1) sympathetic superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Treatment of the E15 or the P1 SCG with BMP-2 induced expression of trkC mRNA and responsiveness of sympathetic neurons to NT3 as measured by neurite outgrowth. The pattern of expression of BMP receptors in embryonic brain suggests several potentially novel areas for further developmental analysis and supports numerous recent studies that indicate that BMPs have a broad range of cellular functions during neural development and in adult life.
Extracting Human Protein Information from MEDLINE Using a Full-Sentence Parser

Today, a fair number of systems are available for the task of processing biological data. The development of effective systems is of great importance since they can support both the research and the everyday work of biologists. It is well known that biological databases are large both in size and number, hence data processing technologies are required for the fast and effective management of the contents stored in databases like MEDLINE. A possible solution for content management is the application of natural language processing methods to help make this task easier. With our approach we would like to learn more about the interactions of human genes using full-sentence parsing. Given a sentence, the syntactic parser assigns to it a syntactic structure, which consists of a set of labelled links connecting pairs of words. The parser also produces a constituent representation of a sentence (showing noun phrases, verb phrases, and so on). Here we show experimentally that using the syntactic information of each abstract, the biological interactions of genes can be predicted. Hence, it is worth developing the kind of information extraction (IE) system that can retrieve information about gene interactions just by using syntactic information contained in these text. Our IE system can handle certain types of gene interactions with the help of machine learning (ML) methodologies (Hidden Markov Models, Artificial Neural Networks, Decision "Frees, Support Vector Machines). The experiments and practical usage show clearly that our system can provide a useful intuitive guide for biological researchers in their investigations and in the design of their experiments.
Intuition in managers

Do managers have the creative and innovative ability needed for their organisations to survive in an increasingly competitive environment? A study of 200 managers from eight companies gives an answer to this question. If intuition is an indication of creativity and innovation, we find that almost 25 per cent of all managers were primarily intuitive when solving problems and making decisions. The concept of intuition and other decision functions is based on Jung’s typology. Is intuition in managers an important asset to their organisations? An investigation of problem‐solving and decision‐making styles of 33 managers related to organisational effectiveness throws some light on this question. What is called the “creative‐innovative” decision‐making style was found in 23 per cent of the managers. This article suggests that intuition as decision‐making style appears to be related to organisational effectiveness. Several managers are intuitive. Whether the intuitive managers are more effective than others rema.
Consensus & Evidence-based INOSA Guidelines 2014 (First edition)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) are subsets of sleep-disordered breathing. Awareness about OSA and its consequences amongst the general public as well as the majority of primary care physcians across India is poor. This necessiated the development of the INdian initiative on Obstructive sleep apnoea (INOSA) guidelines under the auspices of Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. OSA is the occurrence of an average five or more episodes of obstructive respiratory events per hour of sleep with either sleep related symptoms or co-morbidities or ≥ 15 such episodes without any sleep related symptoms or co-morbidities. OSAS is defined as OSA associated with daytime symptoms, most often excessive sleepiness. Patients undergoing routine health check-up with snoring, daytime sleepiness, obesity, hypertension, motor vehicular accidents and high risk cases should undergo a comprehensive sleep evaluation. Medical examiners evaluating drivers, air pilots, railway drivers and heavy machinery workers should be educated about OSA and should comprehensively evaluate applicants for OSA. Those suspected to have OSA on comprehensive sleep evaluation should be referred for a sleep study. Supervised overnight polysomnography (PSG) is the “gold standard” for evaluation of OSA. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the mainstay of treatment of OSA. Oral appliances are indicated for use in patients with mild to moderate OSA who prefer oral appliances to PAP, or who do not respond to PAP or who fail treatment attempts with PAP or behavioural measures. Surgical treatment is recommended in patients who have failed or are intolerant to PAP therapy.
Absence of quantum corrections to the anomalous Hall conductivity.

We discuss quantum corrections to the anomalous Hall conductivity in disordered metallic films containing magnetic moments. Within a model of skew scattering we show that Coulomb-anomaly terms vanish identically. The weak-localization contribution is cut of by the phase-breaking effect of skew scattering. In a dense system of magnetic moments, the internal magnetic field may cause a more rapid destruction of phase coherence. Our findings are in agreement with a recent experiment on ferromagnetic amorphous Fe films
Virtual Reality Cue Reactivity Assessment in Cigarette Smokers

Drug craving has purportedly been linked to relapse and to substance use. For over two decades, cue reactivity has been a viable method to assess craving and physiological reactions to drug stimuli. However, traditional cue reactivity has faced the following limitations: austere situations or stimuli, lack of complex cues, lack of standardization, and limited generalization outside of the lab setting. In order to improve cue methodologies, a virtual reality (VR) nicotine cue reactivity assessment system (VR-NCRAS) was developed and tested in a controlled experimental trial. Ten nicotine dependent smokers were exposed to VR smoking cues and VR neutral cues in a standardized, timed, computer controlled experiment. Subjective craving and physiological responses were recorded and compared across VR-NCRAS stimuli. Subjective cigarette craving increased significantly and corresponding physiological reactivity was observed in response to VR smoking cues. VR neutral cues did not result in subjective or physiological changes consistent with craving. Implications of these findings on substance abuse research and treatment are discussed.