Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type 2 myocardial infarction in clinical practice

Objective We aimed to assess differences in incidence, clinical features, current treatment strategies and outcome in patients with type 2 vs. type 1 acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and results All 20 138 hospitalisations in Sweden with a diagnosis of AMI registered during 2011 in the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies were classified into types 1–5 in accordance with the universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) from 2007. Type 1 AMI was present in 88.5% of the cases while 7.1% were classified as type 2 AMI. Higher age, female sex, comorbidities, impaired renal function, anaemia and smaller extent of myocardial necrosis characterised patients with type 2 AMI. While normal coronary arteries were more frequently seen (42.4% vs. 7.4%), an invasive treatment was less common, and antiplatelet medications were less prescribed in patients with type 2 AMI compared with type 1 AMI. The group with type 2 AMI had significantly higher crude 1-year mortality compared with the group with type 1 AMI (24.7% vs. 13.5%, p<0.001). However, after adjustment, the HR for 1-year mortality in patients with type 2 AMI was 1.03 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.23). Conclusions In this real-life study, 7.1% of myocardial infarctions were classified as type 2 AMI. These patients were older, predominantly women and had more comorbidities. Invasive treatment strategies and cardioprotective medications were less used. Patients with type 2 AMI had higher crude mortality compared with type 1 patients with MI. However, after adjustment, the 1-year mortality was similar.
A Survey on Agent-based Ontology Alignment

Ontologies today are increasingly used as consensual knowledge representations in many distributed applications. However, if a system of knowledge based nodes is decentralized, the ontologies at those nodes differ. Therefore the alignment of knowledge representations is required. One of the promising approaches to solve this heterogeneity is the use of agents for aligning knowledge representations. The paper presents a brief survey of the approaches to agent-based ontology alignment. The analysis of these approaches is grounded on the analysis of the requirements to ontology alignments by typical applications that address semantic heterogeneity in open and decentralized settings.
Adaptive control of PV boost converter for minimal passive components and fast maximum power point tracking

This paper proposes a fast adaptive photovoltaic (PV) dc boost converter cascaded control scheme insensitive to solar irradiance variations. Moreover, the proposed controller makes possible the utilization of film capacitors instead of electrolytic capacitors to achieve long converter's lifetime. To achieve these objectives, it is proposed a current controller that works in both discontinuous conduction modes (DCM) and continuous conduction modes (CCM), a PV equivalent resistance estimator with active disturbance injection, and an adaptive voltage controller. The proposed controllers are described in detail and validated by simulation results.
Incremental Information State Updates in an Obligation-Driven Dialogue Model

We sketch the outlines of a dialogue model using discourse obligations in a formal framework of information states. We propose a set of practical inference rules which incrementally update information states and assign intentional structures to sequences of dialogue moves. In this way we show that an obligation-driven approach can account for a wide range of phenomena which are assumed to be crucial for modelling any kind of dialogue. In particular, our analysis will focus on providing a treatment of questions and assertions in dialogue, thus covering some of the basic reasoning processes involved in information-oriented interaction.
Process modeling to support integration of business practices and processes in virtual enterprises

A major issue in the management of virtual enterprises is the integration and coordination of the business processes. The successful attainment of the business goals of a virtual enterprise depends on its ability to align the business processes and practices of partner enterprises. This paper presents a modeling scheme which supports a process centered approach to the analysis and design of the virtual enterprise. An innovative feature of the scheme is the ability to present federated activity, process, business rule, organization, and resource views of a process.
QoS-Aware Web Service Selection Accounting for Uncertain Constraints

The paper proposes a new approach for web service selection that takes into account the uncertainties existing both in the web services' behavior with respect of their Quality of Service (QoS) properties and the clients' non-functional requirements. The probability theory and the theory of fuzzy sets are used as a theoretical base for formalization of these uncertainties. The feasibility of the approach is proved through a real scenario for web service selection.
Package hdlm : Regression Tables for High Dimensional Linear Model Estimation

We present the R package hdlm, created to facilitate the study of high dimensional datasets. Our emphasis is on the production of regression tables and a class ‘hdlm’ for which new extensions can be easily written. We model our work on the functionality given for linear and generalized linear models from the functions lm and glm in the recommended package stats. Reasonable default options have been selected so that the package may be used immediately by anyone familiar with the low dimensional variants; however, a generic procedure for using alternative point estimators is also provided. Two techniques are given for constructing high dimensional regression tables. The first uses the the two-stage approach of Wasserman and Roeder (2009), with the generalization proposed by Meinshausen, Meier, and Bühlmann (2009) to increase robustness, in order to calculate high-dimensional p values. We introduce and implement a novel method for generalizing these p value methods to confidence intervals. The second technique constructs regression tables using a hierarchical Bayesian approach solved via Gibbs Sampling MCMC. In this article, we focus on design choices made in the package, relevant computational issues, and approaches to changing the default options.
Hemodynamic effects of continuous intravenous injection and bolus plus continuous intravenous injection of oxytocin in cesarean section

Background Oxytocin may cause adverse cardiovascular effects, including tachycardia and hypotension, whereas the optimal dose of oxytocin at elective cesarean section is unclear. To determine the lowest effective dose of oxytocin, we studied the hemodynamic effects of three doses during spinal anesthesia for elective single cesarean delivery. Methods Sixty women received oxytocin by continuous (0.5 IU/min) or bolus-continuous (2 or 5 IU prior to 0.25 IU/min continuous intravenous injection) intravenous injection after clamping of the umbilical cord. We compared changes in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and estimated blood loss (EBL). Uterine tone (UT) was assessed by palpation on a linear analog scale (LAS) at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes after the oxytocin injection. In addition, oxytocin-related side-effects such as nausea and vomiting were recorded. Results Marked hemodynamic changes such as HR and MAP occurred in the bolus-continuous groups but not in the continuous groups. Although we were not able to observe a variation of EBL in each group, the UT significantly increased in the bolus-continuous groups when compared with that the continuous groups. In addition, the hemodynamic changes such as HR and MAP were lower in the two IU bolus-continuous group than those in the five IU group. Conclusions Although bolus-continuous injection of oxytocin resulted in more hemodynamic changes than continuous injection, bolus-continuous injection had a greater effect on uterine contraction. Furthermore, two IU bolus-continuous injection showed lower hemodynamic changes than in the five IU bolus-continuous injection.
Implications of fiscal issues for central banks. Mexico's experience

During the past decade there has been a widespread movement to grant independence to central banks. In most cases, the movement has been accompanied by a sole mandate to pursue price stability (defined as the attainment of a low level of inflation) to guarantee the monetary authorities’ firm commitment without being influenced by fiscal considerations. Nevertheless, the government’s fiscal policies remain of concern even for price-stability-focused independent central banks for at least two reasons: fiscal dominance over monetary policy and the impact of fiscal policies on aggregate demand and supply.
Uncovering locally characterizing regions within geotagged data

We propose a novel algorithm for uncovering the colloquial boundaries of locally characterizing regions present in collections of labeled geospatial data. We address the problem by first modeling the data using scale-space theory, allowing us to represent it simultaneously across different scales as a family of increasingly smoothed density distributions. We then derive region boundaries by applying localized label weighting and image processing techniques to the scale-space representation of each label. Important insights into the data can be acquired by visualizing the shape and size of the resulting boundaries for each label at multiple scales. We demonstrate our technique operating at scale by discovering the boundaries of the most geospatially salient tags associated with a large collection of georeferenced photos from Flickr and compare our characterizing regions that emerge from the data with those produced by a recent technique from the research literature.
Using Theories and Best Practices to Bridge the Phishing Gap

Phishing is a mounting security problem that organisations and users continue to face. Organisations generally apply a single-layer level of defence against information security threats, which includes phishing. This single-layer level of defence is certainly not adequate against modern-day phishing attacks. It is essential for organisations to implement a holistic approach, while considering human factors, organisational aspects and technological controls to combat phishing threats. However, in each of these three elements, weaknesses arise as each is linked by means of human involvement. As a result, this approach creates a gap for successful phishing attacks to potentially compromise these elements. This paper suggests possible linkages to cover the ‘gaps’ between each of these elements. More understanding is necessary on how these linkages can be managed more appropriately. As such, this paper introduces possible theories and best practices which can be used to understand and address each of these linkages and therefore attempts to bridge the phishing gap by strengthening the human element.
Perception and assessment of scholarship in health science institutions in India – gap between the existing and the desirable

Scholarship or scholarly activity is implied as part of the “job requirement” of faculty in health sciences. However, the concept of scholarship other than an emphasis on publications is hitherto lacking in India with no weightage being given to all four components of scholarship as described by Boyer, viz. the scholarship of discovery, application, integration or teaching leave alone a weightage for innovative activities. This paper describes the components of scholarly activities, the current requirement or lack of it of “mandatory” training right from the undergraduate student days in scholarly activities, poor scholarly requirements for postgraduates and a faculty appraisal which values only publications. Metrics have been suggested for all individual five components of scholarship and an emphasis has been laid on training right from the beginning of medical education for the activity to be internalized.
H∞ Infinity Network-Servo Tracking Control

This paper studies the problems of H∞ tracking performance analysis and controller design for servo control systems using data networks. An augmented model of network servo system is established in consideration of network induced delay and data dropped conditions, and a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based procedure is proposed for designing state-feedback controllers, which guarantee that the position signals tracks the output of a given reference model well in the H∞ sense. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Efferent Influences on the Afferent Activity from the Octopus Angular Acceleration Receptor System

Electrophysiological recordings were made from afferent units of the octopus angular acceleration receptor system during the electrical stimulation of efferent axons to this system. Of the afferent units examined, 93% changed their activity in response to stimulation of the efferent axons. During efferent stimulation 77% of the afferent units decreased their activity. The magnitude of the inhibition and the time to maximum response were frequency dependent, with most units showing an increase in inhibition with increase in efferent stimulation frequency. The poststimulus recovery from inhibition was of two types: either a gradual increase in activity to the pre-stimulus resting level of activity (Fig. 3) or a rapid increase in activity to a level above the pre-stimulus level, i.e. a postinhibitory rebound or facilitation, and then a gradual decline to the resting level of activity (Fig. 4). During long periods of efferent stimulation ( During stimulation of the efferent axons 16% of the afferent units increased their activity. The post-stimulus response consisted of either a gradual decrease in activity to the pre-stimulus level of resting activity or a rapid increase in activity followed by a gradual decrease to the resting level of activity (Fig. 6). During long periods of efferent stimulation the excitation increased to a plateau level which was maintained for the duration of the stimulus period (Fig. 7). Sinusoidal oscillations of the statocyst evoked bursts of afferent activity in time with the movement. The magnitude of these bursts could be decreased or increased by stimulation of the efferent axons (Fig. 8). It is proposed that two populations of efferents are present in the octopus statocyst, one inhibitory and the other excitatory, and that both types of efferent affect single afferent units.
Ectopic CNS projections guide peripheral neuron axons along novel pathways in leech embryos.

Previous studies have indicated that the formation of stereotyped segmental nerves in leech embryos depends on the interactions between CNS projections and ingrowing afferents from peripheral neurons. Especially, CNS-ablation experiments have suggested that CNS-derived guidance cues are required for the correct navigation of several groups of peripheral sensory neurons. In order to directly test this hypothesis we have performed transplantations of CNS ganglia into ectopic sites in segments from which the resident ganglia have been removed. We find that the transplanted ganglia extend numerous axons distributed roughly equally in all directions. When these CNS projections reach and make contact with peripheral sensory axons they are used as guides for peripheral neurons to grow toward and into the ectopic ganglia even when this means following novel pathways that cross the midline and/or segmental boundaries. The peripheral sensory axons turn and grow toward the ectopic ganglia only when in physical contact with CNS axons, suggesting that diffusible chemoattractants are not a factor. These results demonstrate that the guidance cues provided by ectopic CNS projections are both necessary and sufficient to steer peripheral sensory neuron axons into the CNS.
Tempo de Leitura e Acurácia na Conversão Grafofonêmica na Relação entre Fluência e Compreensão Leitora / Reading Time and Accuracy in Grafophonic Conversion in the Relationship between Fluency and Reading Comprehension

Sustentado em pressupostos teóricos psicolinguísticos, no tocante ao processamento cognitivo da leitura, inclusive e especialmente por meio dos modelos Botton-up e Top-down e Dupla Rota e, ainda, em estudos de revisão de literatura que tratam da relação entre fluência e compreensão leitora, este estudo objetiva avaliar a relação entre fluência e compreensão leitora. Avaliou-se a fluência leitora por meio do tempo disponibilizado para a leitura oral e pelo critério precisão de conversão grafema-fonema e a compreensão leitora, mediante respostas escritas de questões abertas de compreensão do texto lido. Participam da pesquisa 191 estudantes do 4º ano do ensino fundamental, entre 9 e 13 anos, de ambos os sexos, de escolas pública e particular do interior da Bahia. Observamos, a partir de dados preliminares, uma correlação forte entre as duas variáveis estudadas, quanto menor o tempo de leitura maior a compreensão leitora e menor a ocorrência de trocas, omissões, repetições, adições e inversões de letras, silabas ou/e palavras na conversão grafofonêmica. Leitores mais fluentes usam, preferencialmente, a rota lexical e o modelo descendente. Leitores menos fluentes utilizam, preferencialmente, a rota fonológica e o modelo ascendente. Ao que parece, a falta de reconhecimento automatizado dos grafemas impõe maior custo de processamento cognitivo, ou seja, o processamento pelas vias fonológica e ascendente parece consumir a gama essencialmente limitada de recursos cognitivos da memória de trabalho, como consequência, restam poucos recursos cognitivos para acesso ao significado.
A test of the transcription model for biased inheritance of yeast mitochondrial DNA

Two strand-specific origins of replication appear to be required for mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. Structural equivalents of these origins are found in the rep sequences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mtDNA. These striking similarities have contributed to a universal model for the initiation of mtDNA replication in which a primer is created by cleavage of an origin region transcript. Consistent with this model are the properties of deletion mutants of yeast mtDNA ([rho-]) with a high density of reps (HS [rho-]). These mutant mtDNAs are preferentially inherited by the progeny resulting from the mating of HS [rho-] cells with cells containing wild-type mtDNA ([rho+]). This bias is presumed to result from a replication advantage conferred on HS [rho-] mtDNA by the high density of rep sequences acting as origins. To test whether transcription is indeed required for the preferential inheritance of HS [rho-] mtDNA, we deleted the nuclear gene (RPO41) for the mitochondrial RNA polymerase, reducing transcripts by at least 1000-fold. Since [rho-] genomes, but not [rho+] genomes, are stable when RPO41 is deleted, we examined matings between HS [rho-] and neutral [rho-] cells. Neutral [rho-] mtDNAs lack rep sequences and are not preferentially inherited in [rho-] x [rho+] crosses. In HS [rho-] x neutral [rho-] matings, the HS [rho-] mtDNA was preferentially inherited whether both parents were wild type or both were deleted for RPO41. Thus, transcription from the rep promoter does not appear to be necessary for biased inheritance. Our results, and analysis of the literature, suggest that priming by transcription is not a universal mechanism for mtDNA replication initiation.
An antiwindup approach to enlarging domain of attraction for linear systems subject to actuator saturation

The article considers linear systems subject to actuator saturation. An antiwindup technique is used to enlarge the domain of attraction of the closed-loop system under an a priori designed linear dynamic feedback law. The design of the antiwindup compensation gain is formulated and solved as an iterative optimization problem with LMI constraints. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design technique.
Diagnostic Performance of Echocardiography for the Detection of Acute Cardiac Allograft Rejection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective Many studies have addressed the diagnostic performance of echocardiography to evaluate acute cardiac allograft rejection compared with endomyocardial biopsy. But the existence of heterogeneity limited its clinical application. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive, systematic literature review and meta-analysis for the purpose. Methods Studies prior to September 1, 2014 identified by Medline/PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrance were examined by two independent reviews. We conducted meta-analysis by using Meta-DiSc 1.4 software. An assessment tool of QUADAS-2 was applied to evaluate the risk of bias and applicability of the studies. Results Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria of meta-analysis. The four parameters of pressure half time, isovolumic relaxation time, index of myocardial performance and late diastolic mitral annular motion velocity were included in the meta-analysis, with a pooled diagnostic odds ratio of 10.43, 6.89, 15.95 and 5.68 respectively, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves value of 0.829, 0.599, 0.871 and 0.685 respectively. Conclusion The meta-analysis and systematic review demonstrate that no single parameter of echocardiography showed a reliable diagnostic performance for acute cardiac allograft rejection. A result of echocardiography for ACAR should be comprehensively considered by physicians in the context of clinical presentations and imaging feature.
Using a modified reciprocal teaching approach with first-graders to impact comprehension

A key component to teaching successful readers is to create a strong foundation of comprehension skills. One research-based method of comprehension instruction is Reciprocal Teaching (RT). RT has been proven effective at boosting comprehension with students in upper grades; however, there is less data available to support this claim at the elementary level. This study explored the impact of a modified RT approach in a first grade classroom, through whole group read-alouds and scaffolded small group interactions, on student comprehension. Students received explicit instruction of the reading strategies: predicting, clarifying, questioning and summarizing, and then opportunities to take ownership for their learning and practice the strategies independently in small groups. Findings indicate that students’ comprehension was impacted and student discourse regarding comprehension strategies became more complex.
Role of BMI in the Association of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 Variant with Coronary Heart Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

We examined the association of variation in the type 2 diabetes risk-conferring TCF7L2 gene with the risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) among the lean, overweight, and obese members of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed using a general model, with the major homozygote as the reference category. For 9,865 whites, a significant increase in the risk of CHD was seen only among lean ( BMI < 25 kg/m2) individuals homozygous for the T allele of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 gene risk variant (hazard ratio 1.42; 95% CI 1.03,1.97; P = .01). No association was found among 3,631 blacks, regardless of BMI status. An attenuated hazard ratio was observed among the nondiabetic ARIC cohort members. This study suggests that body mass modifies the association of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T allele with CHD risk.