Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fusion of MODIS, AVHRR and ASTER data using curvelet transform for land cover classification

With the availability of multisensor and multiresolution image data from operational Earth Observation satellites, the fusion of digital image data has become a valuable tool in land cover classification. Digital image fusion is a relatively new research field at the leading edge of available technology. It forms a rapidly developing area of research in land cover classification. It is needed that to fuse high resolution satellite data with low resolution satellite data, to enhance the classification and interpretation in low resolution satellite data. The AVHRR and MODIS data are freely available, but resolution is poor. Therefore in this paper, it is attempted to highlight the AVHRR and MODIS utility with fusion of ASTER data. In this paper, a fusion method based on the Curvelet transform is introduced. The curvelet transform represents edges more accurately, since edges play a fundamental role in image understanding, one good way to enhance spatial resolution is to enhance the edges. Curvelet-based image fusion method provides richer information in the spatial and spectral domains simultaneously.
Comparative Plant Genomics Resources at PlantGDB1

PlantGDB (http://www.plantgdb.org/) is a database of plant molecular sequences. Expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences are assembled into contigs that represent tentative unique genes. EST contigs are functionally annotated with information derived from known protein sequences that are highly similar to the putative translation products. Tentative Gene Ontology terms are assigned to match those of the similar sequences identified. Genome survey sequences are assembled similarly. The resulting genome survey sequence contigs are matched to ESTs and conserved protein homologs to identify putative full-length open reading frame-containing genes, which are subsequently provisionally classified according to established gene family designations. For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), the exon-intron boundaries for gene structures are annotated by spliced alignment of ESTs and full-length cDNAs to their respective complete genome sequences. Unique genome browsers have been developed to present all available EST and cDNA evidence for current transcript models (for Arabidopsis, see the AtGDB site at http://www.plantgdb.org/AtGDB/; for rice, see the OsGDB site at http://www.plantgdb.org/OsGDB/). In addition, a number of bioinformatic tools have been integrated at PlantGDB that enable researchers to carry out sequence analyses on-site using both their own data and data residing within the database.
Efficient Parallel Simulation of an Individual-Based Fish Schooling Model on a Graphics Processing Unit

AbstractDue to their low cost and high performance processing capabilities,graphics processing units (GPUs) have become an attractive alternativeto clusters for some scientiﬁc computing applications. In this paper weshow howstochastic simulation of an individual-based ﬁshschooling modelcan be eﬃciently carried out on a general-purpose GPU. We describe ourimplementation and present computational results to illustrate the powerof this new technology. 1 Introduction Driven by the video gaming industry, the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) hasevolved into an inexpensive yet powerful high speed computing device for scien-tiﬁc applications. The GPU has a highly parallel structure, high memory band-width, and more transistors devoted to data processing than to data caching andﬂow control than a CPU [8]. Problems that can be implemented with streamprocessing and limited memory are well-suited for the GPU. Single InstructionMultiple Data (SIMD) computation, which involves a large number of totallyindependent records being processed by the same sequence of operations simul-taneously, is an ideal type of GPU application.In recent years, computation on the general-purpose GPU (GPGPU) hasbecome an active research ﬁeld, with a wide range of applications including cel-lular automata, particle systems, ﬂuid dynamics and computational geometry[3, 10, 5, 4]. Previous generation GPUs have required non-graphics applicationsto be recast into graphics computation through a graphics application program-ming interface (API). Last year, NVIDIA released a Compute Uniﬁed DeviceArchitecture (CUDA) toolkit for their GPUs, providing general purpose func-tionality with a C-like language for non-graphics application.2
Ossification Anomaly Associated with Interphalangeal Hallux Valgus

Unlike the common type of hallux valgus, i.e., lateral deviation of the entire big toe, similar deviation of the end phalanx alone is an unusual deformity, which has received little attention in the literature. Such interphalangeal hallux valgus is only rarely acquired, presumably because the anatomy of the interphalangeal joint provides sufficient stability to prevent the end phalanx from becoming notably sideward tilted unless this articulation is severely injured by trauma or disease. However, interphalangeal hallux valgus can be a malformation resulting from skew development of one or both phalanges. Two unrelated children are now reported in whom such developmental deformities were found in both feet and proved associated with a previously unrecognized type of anomalous ossification.
Dynamic Resource Allocation in MIMO-OFDMA Systems with Full-Duplex and Hybrid Relaying

In this paper, we formulate a joint optimization problem for resource allocation and scheduling in full-duplex multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiple access (MIMO-OFDMA) relaying systems with amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocols. Our problem formulation takes into account heterogeneous data rate requirements for delay sensitive and non-delay sensitive users. We also consider a theoretically optimal hybrid relaying scheme as a performance benchmark, which allows a dynamic selection between AF relaying and DF relaying protocols with full-duplex and half-duplex relays. We show that under some mild conditions the optimal transmitter precoding and receiver post-processing matrices jointly diagonalize the MIMO-OFDMA relay channels for all considered relaying protocols transforming the resource allocation and scheduling problem into a scalar optimization problem. Dual decomposition is employed to solve this optimization problem and a distributed iterative resource allocation and scheduling algorithm with closed-form power and subcarrier allocation is derived. Simulation results not only illustrate that the proposed distributed algorithm converges to the optimal solution in a small number of iterations, but also demonstrate the potential performance gains achievable with full-duplex relaying protocols.
Cathodoluminescence and gaseous scintillation in the environmental SEM

A novel detection means for the environmental SEM (ESEM) is described. Certain gases, apart from being the environmental conditioning medium, can also act as a scintillator detector. All signals, such as secondary and backscattered electrons which can cause a particular gas to luminesce, can be detected. It is further concluded that the gas can act as a generalized detector device for all signal-gas reactions provided some suitable parameter can be monitored. New possibilities in the detection of specimen cathodoluminesce created by the ESEM are demonstrated.
Identifying objects from hand configurations during in-hand exploration

In this work we use hand configuration and contact points during in-hand object exploration to identify the manipulated objects. Different contact points associated to an object shape can be represented in a latent space and lie on a lower dimensional non-linear manifold in the contact points space which is suitable for modelling and recognition. Associating and learning hand configurations to specific objects by means of Gaussian mixture models, later by identifying the hand configuration during the in-hand object exploration we can generate hypotheses of candidate objects to be identified. This process selects a set of the most probable objects from a database. The accumulated set of contact points (partial volume of the object shape) during the object in-hand exploration is matched to the set selected from the database (most probable candidate objects). Results are presented for human manipulation of objects, but this can also be applied to artificial hands, although we have not addressed the hand control, only the object identification.
Painful Swallowing After Herpes Stomatitis

A 3-year-old male was hospitalized for dehydration secondary to stomatitis. He had had poor oral intake for 2 days prior to admission, and his mother noted that the child appeared lethargic and was refusing to drink. He had vomited twice but had no hematemesis or bilious emesis. He was noted to have increased episodes of drooling at home. The child’s medical history was significant only for eczema and mild reactive airway disease that was treated with triamcinolone cream and nebulized albuterol, respectively. He had no previous symptoms of stomatitis and had no history of caustic ingestion. Family history was noncontributory. On physical exam, the patient was tachycardic with a pulse of 150 beats per minute, and his blood pressure was 121/86 mm Hg. Although he was alert, he had multiple erythematous ulcers in the oral-pharyngeal region. Serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were normal. His blood count demonstrated a white blood cell count of 26 900 cells/mL (78% granulated neutrophils), hemoglobin 14.4 g/dL, hematocrit 41%, and platelet count of 545 000. A throat culture was negative for Group A Streptococcus, and a neck radiograph did not demonstrate abscess formation. He was given intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration, intravenous ketorolac for pain, and intravenous acyclovir for a presumed diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) stomatitis based on his clinical findings. The patient was discharged after 3 days, and at the time of discharge, his oral lesions were in various stages of healing. He returned to his primary care physician 2 weeks after hospital discharge with dysphagia, odynophagia, and a significant decrease in oral intake. He had no fever, weight loss, or diarrhea. His oral ulcers had completely resolved, and the remainder of his physical exam was within normal limits. A repeat neck radiograph demonstrated a prevertebral soft tissue prominence and distinct epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds, possibly consistent with edema. The patient was placed on a trial of lansoprazole and demonstrated no clinical improvement, so esophago gastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed, which revealed a narrow esophageal stricture less than 5 mm in diameter located just below the upper esophageal sphincter (Figure 1A). The endoscope could not be advanced beyond the stricture. Esophageal biopsies revealed a zone of parakeratosis, but no inflammation or giant cell formation (Figure 1B), and a culture and polymerase chain reaction testing of esophageal tissue were negative for HSV, consistent with a resolved infection. A barium esophagram demonstrated a narrowing of the upper esophagus consistent with a stricture, as well as a long segment of narrowing throughout the esophagus (Figure 2). These findings prompted serial dilation using a Savary dilator system (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN) under fluoroscopic examination. After serial dilations, the patient had marked improvement in swallowing, and a repeat barium esophagram demonstrated a dilated esophagus. A subsequent immune workup for this child was found to be normal, and the patient recovered with good oral intake.
General Functional Matrix Factorization Using Gradient Boosting

Matrix factorization is among the most successful techniques for collaborative filtering. One challenge of collaborative filtering is how to utilize available auxiliary information to improve prediction accuracy. In this paper, we study the problem of utilizing auxiliary information as features of factorization and propose formalizing the problem as general functional matrix factorization, whose model includes conventional matrix factorization models as its special cases. Moreover, we propose a gradient boosting based algorithm to efficiently solve the optimization problem. Finally, we give two specific algorithms for efficient feature function construction for two specific tasks. Our method can construct more suitable feature functions by searching in an infinite functional space based on training data and thus can yield better prediction accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method out-performs the baseline methods on three realworld datasets.
Error Surface of Recurrent Neural Networks

We found in previous work that the error surfaces of recurrent networks have spurious valleys that can cause significant difficulties in training these networks. Our earlier work focused on single-layer networks. In this paper, we extend the previous results to general layered digital dynamic networks. We describe two types of spurious valleys that appear in the error surfaces of these networks. These valleys are not affected by the desired network output (or by the problem that the network is trying to solve). They depend only on the input sequence and the architecture of the network. The insights gained from this analysis suggest procedures for improving the training of recurrent neural networks.
Long-Term Effects of Statin Treatment in Elderly People: Extended Follow-Up of the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER)

Background The PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER), a placebo-controlled trial of pravastatin, demonstrated a 19% reduction in coronary outcomes (p = 0.006) after a mean of 3.2 years, with no impact on stroke outcomes or all-cause mortality. However, there was a suggestion of increased cancer risk. Our aim is to determine the long-term benefits and safety of pravastatin treatment in older people using post-trial follow-up of the PROSPER participants. Methods 5,804 (2,520 Scottish) men and women aged 70–82 years with either pre-existing vascular disease or increased risk of such disease because of smoking, hypertension or diabetes, were randomised to 40 mg pravastatin or matching placebo. Using record linkage to routinely collected health records, all participants (full cohort) were linked to death and cancer registries, and the Scottish cohort additionally to hospital admissions, to provide composite fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes (total mean follow-up 8.6 years). Results Pravastatin treatment for 3.2 years reduced CHD death in the full cohort, hazard ratio (HR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.95, p = 0.0091 and fatal coronary events or coronary hospitalisations in the Scottish cohort (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69–0.95, p = 0.0081) over 8.6 years. There was no reduction in stroke or all-cause mortality. Cancer risk was not increased in the full cohort (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96–1.21, p = 0.22). Conclusions Pravastatin treatment of elderly high-risk subjects for 3.2 years provided long-term protection against CHD events and CHD mortality. However, this was not associated with any increase in life expectancy, possibly due to competing mortality with deaths from other causes. There was no evidence of long-term increased risk of cancer. Trial registration ISRCTN40976937.
On the Floer homology of plumbed three-manifolds

We calculate the Heegaard Floer homologies for three-manifolds obtained by plumbings of spheres specified by certain graphs. Our class of graphs is sufficiently large to describe, for example, all Seifert fibered rational homology spheres. These calculations can be used to determine also these groups for other three-manifolds, including the product of a circle with a genus two surface.
Functional and genetic analysis of regulatory regions of coliphage H‐19B: location of shiga‐like toxin and lysis genes suggest a role for phage functions in toxin release

Analysis of the DNA sequence of a 17 kb region of the coli lambdoid phage H‐19B genome located the genes encoding shiga‐like toxin I (Stx‐I) downstream of the gene encoding the analogue of the phage λ Q transcription activator with its site of action, qut at the associated pR′ late promoter, and upstream of the analogues of λ genes encoding lysis functions. Functional studies, including measurement of the effect of H‐19B Q action on levels of Stx expressed from an H‐19B prophage, show that the H‐19B Q acts as a transcription activator with its associated pR′(qut) by promoting readthrough of transcription terminators. Another toxin‐producing phage, 933W, has the identical Q gene and pR′(qut) upstream of the stx‐II genes. The H‐19B Q also activates Stx‐II expression from a 933W prophage. An ORF in H‐19B corresponding to the holin lysis genes of other lambdoid phages differs by having only one instead of the usual two closely spaced translation initiation signals that are thought to contribute to the time of lysis. These observations suggest that stx‐I expression can be enhanced by transcription from pR′ as well as a model for toxin release through cell lysis mediated by action of phage‐encoded lysis functions. Functional studies show that open reading frames (ORFs) and sites in H‐19B that resemble components of the N transcription antitermination systems controlling early operons of other lambdoid phages similarly promote antitermination. However, this N‐like system differs significantly from those of other lambdoid phages.
Mother Rotors and the Mechanisms of D600-Induced Type 2 Ventricular Fibrillation

Background—Two types of ventricular fibrillation (VF) have been demonstrated in isolated rabbit hearts during D600 infusion. Type 1 VF is characterized by the presence of multiple, wandering wavelets, whereas type 2 VF shows local spatiotemporal periodicity. We hypothesized that a single mother rotor underlies type 2 VF. Methods and Results—One (protocol I) or 2 (protocol II) cameras were used to map the epicardial ventricular activations in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Multiple episodes of type 2 VF were induced in 22 hearts by high-concentration (≥2.5 mg/L) D600 (protocol I). During type 2 VF, a single spiral wave (n=19) and/or an epicardial breakthrough pattern (n=11) was present in 14 hearts. These spiral waves either slowly drifted or intermittently anchored on the papillary muscle (PM) of the left ventricle. Dominant-frequency (DF) analyses showed that the highest local DF was near the PM (12.5±1.1 Hz). There was an excellent correlation between the highest local DF of these spiral waves and breakthroughs (11.8±1.7 Hz) and the DF of simultaneously obtained global pseudo-ECG (11.2±1.8 Hz, r=0.97, P<0.0001) during type 2 VF. We also successfully reproduced the major features of type 2 VF by using the Luo-Rudy action-potential model in a simulated, 3-dimensional tissue slab, under conditions of reduced excitability and flat action-potential duration restitution. Conclusions—Either a stationary or a slowly drifting mother rotor can result in type 2 VF. Colocalization of the stationary mother rotors with the PM suggests the importance of underlying anatomic structures in mother rotor formation.
Contributions of GIScience over the Past Twenty Years

This paper summarizes the discussions related to the panel “Contributions of GIScientists (or GIScience) over the past Twenty Years” at the 2015 Vespucci Institute. Reflections about the past not only provide an account of what occurred, but also may serve as a basis for comparison when in the future somehow related scenarios arise. Such histories may be detailed enumerations of chronological events or, more analytically, analyses of interactions that enabled or caused specific developments. The purpose of this paper is to account for some key developments in the academic field of geographic information science over the past twenty years (i.e., since 1995) and to assess some of the impact of these developments. The panel in Bar Harbor, moderated by David Coleman, included two invited presentations (by Max Egenhofer and Keith Clarke), and responses by two early career panelists (Song Gao and Teriitutea Quesnot), and by two senior panelists (Randolph Franklin and May Yuan).
Antiallergic activity of loratadine, a non‐sedating antihistamine

Loratadine is a new non‐sedating antihistamine. The present studies compared loratadine and terfenadine, another non‐sedating antihistamine, for their ability to inhibit the bronchial response to histamine and other autacoids which have been implicated as contributing to the symptoms of an allergic reaction. In addition, the two antihistamines were evaluated in models of immunologically mediated allergic reactions. Loratadine is a more potent inhibitor of histamine‐induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs than is terfenadine. Both antihistamines exhibit marked antiserotonin activity at doses 10 times their antihistamine ED50 values. In contrast, loratadine and terfenadine produce little or no inhibition of the bronchial responses to methacholine, leukotriene C4 or platelet‐activating factor. An allergic bronchospasm in guinea pigs is inhibited by loratadine (ED50= 0.40 mg/kg, p.o.) and terfenadine (ED50= 1.7 mg/kg, p.o.). The bronchospasm associated with allergic anaphylaxis in rats is significantly inhibited by 10 mg/kg, p.o. loratadine and 30 mg/kg, p.o. terfenadine. Loratadine exhibits antiallergy activity in vitro. At micromolar concentrations, loratadine inhibits the release of histamine from Con A and A23187‐stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells and the release of histamine and leukotrine C4 from a Con A‐stimulated cloned murine mast cell line
Breast Metastasis from Esophagogastric Junction Cancer: A Case Report

Metastasis to breast from nonmammary malignancy is only about 1.3–2.7%. A few cases of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus and adenocarcinoma of stomach metastasizing to breast have been reported, but this is probably the first report of breast metastasis from esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer in the English literature. Herein we report a case of a 32-year-old patient diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction, presenting with left breast metastasis two years after treatment. Given unusual site of metastasis in a follow-up case of EGJ cancer, not only it is challenging to differentiate it from primary carcinoma of breast but also it is important from treatment point of view. In our case, clinical data, radiology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) led us to reach the diagnosis.