Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Delay Logistic Equation with Variable Growth Rate

A logistic equation with distributed delay is considered in the case where the growth rate oscillates sinusoidally about a positive mean value. A delay kernel is chosen which admits bifurcation of the equilibrium state into a periodic solution when the growth rate is constant. It is shown that the fluctuations in growth rate modulate the bifurcation into a quasiperiodic solution. In certain circumstances, however, it is shown that frequency locking can occur but that this is a local phenomenon which does not persist outside the immediate vicinity of the bifurcation point.
BCL6 cooperates with CD40 stimulation and loss of p53 function to rapidly transform primary B cells

The BCL6 transcriptional repressor protein has been shown to promote B‐cell lymphoma in transgenic mouse models. The mechanism by which BCL6 transforms primary B cells is unclear, although repression of the p53 tumor suppressor is thought to play a role. Here, we showed that BCL6 has critical oncogene functions that are independent of p53 repression. We found that BCL6 cooperates with constitutive CD40 signaling to rapidly transform p53‐deficient primary mouse B cells in vitro. Constitutive CD40 signaling alone does not transform p53‐deficient B cells, indicating that BCL6 acts specifically as an immortalizing oncogene in this system. The BCL6 transformed B cells are polyclonal and form polyclonal tumors. At the initiation of the cultures, BCL6 does not significantly alter cell cycle progression, but it does promote increased cell survival. Early cultures of BCL6‐expressing B cells exhibited marked repression of ATR and p27kip1 but not other BCL6 target genes, suggesting that the ATR and p27kip1 genes have key early roles in mediating BCL6 transformation function. BCL6‐transformed cell lines exhibited further decreases of ATR and p27kip1 expression plus strong decreases in Blimp1 and PDCD2 expression. Our study provides important clues about the critical target genes used by BCL6 to transform primary B cells and indicates that the CD40 signaling pathway can collaborate with BCL6 in the transformation of primary B cells. Thus, our study demonstrates a rapid in vitro system to analyze the transformation function of BCL6. © 2009 UICC
Three Fingerprints of Memristor

This paper illustrates that for a device to be a memristor it should exhibit three characteristic fingerprints: 1) When driven by a bipolar periodic signal the device must exhibit a “pinched hysteresis loop” in the voltage-current plane, assuming the response is periodic. 2) Starting from some critical frequency, the hysteresis lobe area should decrease monotonically as the excitation frequency increases, and 3) the pinched hysteresis loop should shrink to a single-valued function when the frequency tends to infinity. Examples of memristors exhibiting these three fingerprints, along with non-memristors exhibiting only a subset of these fingerprints are also presented. In addition, two different types of pinched hysteresis loops; the transversal (self-crossing) and the non-transversal (tangential) loops exhibited by memristors are also discussed with its identification criterion.
Optimal Rotor Shape Design of a Concentrated Flux IPM-Type Motor for Improving Efficiency and Operation Range

In this paper, an optimal design for a concentrated flux interior permanent magnet (CFIPM) motor is proposed to improve efficiency and obtain a wide operation range simultaneously. For enhancement in efficiency in the constant torque region, the saliency ratio is increased with respect to the initial model. Two points, 3000 rpm (based speed) in the constant torque region and 7000 rpm (maximum speed) in the constant power region, are chosen so as to compare the torque in our design with that of the initial model. A 2D-finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate the inductances of the d-axis and q-axis with a change in the CFIPM rotor shape. In the optimal design, the Kriging method based on Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and a genetic algorithm (GA) were employed. The validity of the optimal design was verified by 2D-FEM and current vector control.
[Neural stem cell transplantation and nerve growth factor promote neurological recovery in rats with ischemic stroke].

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation and nerve growth factor (NGF) on neurological function recovery in rats with ischemic stroke induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS Cultured hippocampal NSCs isolated from neonate rats were labeled with BrdU. Sixty-four rats subjected to transient MCAO were randomized equally into 4 groups, namely group A (MCAO model group), group B (model group with NGF treatment, group C (model group with NSC transplantation), and group D (model group with both NGF and NSC transplantation). The neurological deficits of the rats were evaluated with neurological severity score (NSS) after the treatment, and the brain tissues were examined with immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining for BrdU and nestin expression. RESULTS The NSS of rats in group D 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation was significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups (P<0.05), and the scores in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.05). The number of BrdU- and nestin-positive cells was significantly greater in group B than in group A (P<0.05), and BrdU-positive cells were markedly more numerous in group D than in group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Both NSC transplantation and NGF treatment can obviously improve the neurological function of rats after MCAO, but their combined use shows stronger effects. NGF can promote autologous NSC activation and proliferation, with also stimulatory effect on the proliferation of transplanted NSCs.
Recovery from substance use: Drug-dependent people’s experiences with sources that motivate them to change

Abstract Recovery from drug abuse is a complex process in which motivation is central. The focus of this article is on drug-dependent people's experiences with sources that influence their motivation to change. The sample in our study was comprised of 127 drug-dependent adults identified in criminal courts, hospital emergency departments and Health and Social Services Centres in Quebec (Canada). Two-third of the sample consisted of men of 38 years old on average. Semi-structured interviews and thematic content analyses were conducted. The results from the participants’ point of view regarding their recovery experience indicate that certain sources of influence may help increase or maintain motivation. These sources can be personal or service-related. Caseworkers may help increase or maintain drug-dependent people’s motivation for change by being humble, patient and empathetic, and by making efforts to collaborate with other caseworkers in various services, at every step, including detection and referral, of the service trajectory.
Significance of Inactivated Genes in Leukemia: Pathogenesis and Prognosis

Epigenetic and genetic alterations are two mechanisms participating in leukemia, which can inactivate genes involved in leukemia pathogenesis or progression. The purpose of this review was to introduce various inactivated genes and evaluate their possible role in leukemia pathogenesis and prognosis. By searching the mesh words “Gene, Silencing AND Leukemia” in PubMed website, relevant English articles dealt with human subjects as of 2000 were included in this study. Gene inactivation in leukemia is largely mediated by promoter’s hypermethylation of gene involving in cellular functions such as cell cycle, apoptosis, and gene transcription. Inactivated genes, such as ASPP1, TP53, IKZF1 and P15, may correlate with poor prognosis in acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), respectively. Gene inactivation may play a considerable role in leukemia pathogenesis and prognosis, which can be considered as complementary diagnostic tests to differentiate different leukemia types, determine leukemia prognosis, and also detect response to therapy. In general, this review showed some genes inactivated only in leukemia (with differences between B-ALL, T-ALL, CLL, AML and CML). These differences could be of interest as an additional tool to better categorize leukemia types. Furthermore; based on inactivated genes, a diverse classification of Leukemias could represent a powerful method to address a targeted therapy of the patients, in order to minimize side effects of conventional therapies and to enhance new drug strategies.
Suboptimal Transmission of Orthogonal Space–Time Block Codes Over Correlated Distributed Antennas

This letter investigates optimal transmission of orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) over distributed antennas (DAs) in non-ergodic flat Rayleigh fading channels with transmit antenna correlations. A generalized DA topology is considered, where the DAs are grouped into some geographically dispersed ports within each of which the DAs are co-located. Assuming equal power allocation within each port, the outage probability is derived. We find that minimizing the outage probability only requires the feedback of the eigenvalues of the transmit correlation matrix at the transmitter. Since it is computationally intensive to minimize the outage probability, an antenna subset selection with suboptimal power allocation scheme is proposed, whose effectiveness has been demonstrated by numerical results
Similar Medication Compliance and Control of Dyslipidemia WithSimvastatin or Atorvastatin in a Staff-Model HMO Medical Clinic

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to determine medication compliance rates and dyslipidemia control in a patient population receiving simvastatin or atorvastatin (statins) in a unique staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO). The secondary objective of this study was to measure the effect of gender and statin regimen on the success rate of dylipidemia control and medication compliance. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review conducted for patients with a diagnosis of dyslipidemia who received monotherapy with a statin for cholesterol reduction. Patients received care at an outpatient clinic during a 12-month study period (December 1998 through December 1999). Patients were excluded if they did not have a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration obtained in 1999, did not have a statin prescription filled at least twice the during study period, discontinued statin therapy, or received a statin other than simvastatin or atorvastatin. Patient medication compliance was assessed using the medication possession ratio (MPR). Dyslipidemia control rates were determined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) II guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 819 patients met inclusion criteria for study enrollment (55% male, 45% female). The mean age of the patients was 68.5 years. The mean MPR for the entire study group was 0.96±0.23. Men and women had similar mean MPR values (0.97±0.23 vs. 0.96±0.22, respectively; P=0.76). A nearly identical proportion of patients who received either atorvastatin or simvastatin achieved their LDL-C goal, 70.0% vs. 69.6%, respectively. Gender was not related to success rate, with 73.0% of women and 66.9% of men achieving their NCEP directed LDL-C goal (P=0.06). The rate of attainment of ATP II LDL goal was 43.2% (92 of 213) for patients with goal less than 100 mg/dL, 69.1% (226 of 327) for less than 130, and 90.7% (252 of 279) for patients with goal less than 160 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Patients enrolled in a unique staff-model HMO who received either simvastatin or atorvastatin exhibited high medication compliance and dyslipidemia control rates. Gender did not affect medication compliance or attainment of LDL-C goal, and the success of achieving dyslipidemia control was not different between atorvastatin and simvastatin.
Accuracy of Fever and Fraction of Fevers Attributable to Malaria among Under-fives under Reduced Malaria Infection Prevalence in District

A decline in malaria transmission is evident in malaria endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa and is likely to reduce the proportion of fevers due to malaria. Fever has been used as a predictor of malaria, however, the proportion of fevers due to malaria vary with prevalence such that low malaria infection prevalence might alter the accuracy of fever as a marker of malaria. This study examined the diagnostic accuracy and proportion of fevers attributable to malaria among under-fives in a cross-sectional survey carried out in Bagamoyo district, Tanzania from April–May 2012 during peak malaria transmission. Consecutive under-fives with and without history of fever were recruited; for each, fever was measured by digital thermometer, and two Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films taken for parasite count and species identification. Accuracy of fever for prediction of malaria was assessed by performance indices, microscopy as gold standard. Proportion of fevers attributable to malaria was computed by the odds ratio technique at 0.05 significance level. {Formatting Citation} Only 98 out of 925 (10.6%) under-fives had parasitaemia. Among under-fives with a history of fever, the fraction attributable to malaria was 71.4% [95%CI: 54.8–81.9]; in those with measured fever ≥ 37.5EC, the fraction was 74.3% [95%CI: 61.8–82.7]. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, at 1001-10000 parasites/μl the attributable fraction was 66%, and 93% for parasitaemia>10000/μl. Fever was more likely to be due to malaria among infants<12 months than subsequent months. Despite the recorded decline in malaria infection prevalence, fever is highly likely to be due to malaria among under-fives with fever and malaria infection in peripheral blood. This observation highlights the need to scale up and maintain parasitological confirmation of malaria; and to look for other causes of fever.
MAP-IT: A Practical Tool for Planning Complex Behavior Modification Interventions

Health research often aims to prevent noncommunicable diseases and to improve individual and public health by discovering intervention strategies that are effective in changing behavior and/or environments that are detrimental to one’s health. Ideally, findings from original research support practitioners in planning and implementing effective interventions. Unfortunately, interventions often fail to overcome the translational block between science and practice. They often ignore theoretical knowledge, overlook empirical evidence, and underrate the impact of the environment. Accordingly, sustainable changes in individual behavior and/or the environment are difficult to achieve. Developing theory-driven and evidence-based interventions in the real world is a complex task. Existing implementation frameworks and theories often do not meet the needs of health practitioners. The purpose of this article is to synthesize existing frameworks and to provide a tool, the Matrix Assisting Practitioner’s Intervention Planning Tool (MAP-IT), that links research to practice and helps practitioners to design multicomponent interventions. In this article, we use physical activity of older adults as an example to explain the rationale of MAP-IT. In MAP-IT, individual as well as environmental mechanisms are listed and behavior change techniques are linked to these mechanisms and to intervention components. MAP-IT is theory-driven and evidence-based. It is time-saving and helpful for practitioners when planning complex interventions.
Distribution of serotonin 5‐HT2A receptors in afferents of the rat striatum

Treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs (APDs) is accompanied by extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), which are thought to be due to striatal dopamine D2 receptor blockade. In contrast, treatment with atypical APDs is marked by a low incidence or absence of EPS. The reduced motor side effect liability of atypical APDs has been attributed to a high serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor affinity coupled with a relatively low D2 affinity. Despite the high density of 5‐HT2A binding sites in the striatum, there are few detectable 5‐HT2A mRNA‐expressing neurons in the striatum. This suggests that most striatal 5‐HT2A receptors are heteroceptors located on afferent axons. A combined retrograde tracer‐immunohistochemistry method was used to determine the sites of origin of striatal 5‐HT2A‐like immunoreactive axons. 5‐HT2A‐like immunoreactive neurons in both the cortex and globus pallidus were retrogradely labeled from the striatum; very few nigrostriatal or thalamostriatal neurons expressed 5‐HT2A‐like immunoreactivity. Within the striatum, parvalbumin‐containing interneurons displayed 5‐HT2A immunolabeling; these neurons are the targets of cortical and pallidal projections. Our data indicate that cortico‐ and pallido‐striatal neurons are the major source of 5‐HT2A receptor binding in the striatum, and suggest that cortico‐ and pallido‐striatal neurons are strategically positioned to reduce the motor side effects that accompany striatal D2 receptor blockade or are seen in parkinsonism. Synapse 39:297–304, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meta-Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Relative to ER Status Reveal Elevated Activity of MYC and E2F in the “Basal” Breast Cancer Subgroup

Background Breast cancers lacking the estrogen receptor (ER) can be distinguished from other breast cancers on the basis of poor prognosis, high grade, distinctive histopathology and unique molecular signatures. These features further distinguish estrogen receptor negative (ER−) tumor subtypes, but targeted therapy is currently limited to tumors over-expressing the ErbB2 receptor. Methodology/Principal Findings To uncover the pathways against which future therapies could be developed we undertook a meta-analysis of gene expression from five large microarray datasets relative to ER status. A measure of association with ER status was calculated for every Affymetrix HG-U133A probe set and the pathways that distinguished ER− tumors were defined by testing for enrichment of biologically defined gene sets using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). As expected, the expression of the direct transcriptional targets of the ER was muted in ER− tumors, but the expression of genes indirectly regulated by estrogen was enhanced. We also observed enrichment of independent MYC- and E2F-driven transcriptional programs. We used a cell model of estrogen and MYC action to define the interaction between estrogen and MYC transcriptional activity in breast cancer. We found that the basal subgroup of ER− breast cancer showed a strong MYC transcriptional response that reproduced the indirect estrogen response seen in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells. Conclusions/Significance Increased transcriptional activity of MYC is a characteristic of basal breast cancers where it mimics a large part of an estrogen response in the absence of the ER, suggesting a mechanism by which these cancers achieve estrogen-independence and providing a potential therapeutic target for this poor prognosis sub group of breast cancer.
Design and Simulation of Switched Boost Inverter for AC and DC

Switched Boost Inverter (SBI) is a single stage DC to AC power converter and it is derived from the Z source inverter employs an LC impedance network in between the main inverter bridge and the power source. This SBI converter can possible to supply both DC and AC loads simultaneously from a single dc input source. Here, reducing the inverter switching stress. Also, this converter provides to shootthrough of the inverter legs without causing any damage to the inverter switches. The unique feature of the SBI, it can operate either in buck or boost mode operations with a wide range of obtainable output voltages from a given input voltage, unlike the traditional buck-type voltage source inverter.SBI construct similar advantages of converter uses more switching devices and lower number of passive devices compared to the original ZSI. Along with its pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategies is give the inverter switching pulse. These features make the SBI suitable for variable motor speed drive application. The SBI reduce the electromagnetic interference noise immunity when compared to the VSI. which enables the compact design of the power converter.Here BLDC motor drive is using as a DC load and AC load as resistive load and non linear load.The theoretical and modulation concepts presented have been verified in simulation . The operating modes of the proposed converter are simulated using MATLAB. Index Terms -pulse width modulation (PWM), switched boost inverter (SBI), AC and DC Loads.
Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C who had a sustained virological response to interferon therapy: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 1124 patients

Background: Interferon (IFN) improves hepatic inflammation/fibrosis and reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH‐C). However, HCC develops in some patients who have a sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN therapy. We designed this study to establish a follow‐up protocol for patients with CH‐C who have SVR to IFN therapy.
Social development in adolescence: brain and behavioural changes

The period of life between puberty and adulthood, adolescence, has perplexed adults for millennia. Adolescence is marked by significant physical, cognitive, and social changes. Social lives become more complex during adolescence, and the teenage years are when we hone our skills at navigating the social world. The aim of my thesis was to examine brain development and social interactions during the period of adolescence. I conducted three brain imaging experiments to investigate typical developmental trajectories of brain structure between childhood and adulthood. These three studies used a large longitudinal dataset and mixed-effects modelling in order to account for individual differences. My first study found evidence that intracranial volume continues to develop through the second decade, and describes the consequences of intracranial volume correction procedures on developmental studies. The second study provided evidence for the hypothesis that subcortical brain regions involved in processing affect and reward structurally mature before prefrontal cortical regions involved in cognitive control to varying degrees across individuals. The third study found evidence for continued structural development regions of the brain involved in understanding other people between late childhood to early adulthood. My behavioural experiment showed that keeping track of non-social information impacts the ability to navigate social interactions in adolescents and adults. In addition to these four empirical studies, I conducted three reviews to synthesise and update our understanding of a) adolescence as a potential sensitive period for social learning, b) what longitudinal structural brain imaging studies can tell us about brain development, and c) the evidence for how using the Internet could impact brain development in adolescence. Overall, my findings shed new light, and challenge current theories, on brain development and social cognition during adolescence.