Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Visuospatial Dysfunction Following Posterior Cortex Injury Is Attenuated by Postinjury Administration of the ACTH4-9 Analog ORG 2766

Rats were trained in a Y-shaped water maze to discriminate a light gray from a medium gray visual stimulus. The latter stimulus card cued the location of a nonvisible escape platform. The animals received either a sham operation or a large ablation in the posterior neocortex, and osmotic minipumps were implanted subcutaneously in the animal's back. The pumps chronically administered either saline or ORG 2766 at a rate of 0, 1, or 10 micrograms per 24 h for 14 days while the animals recovered in individual rat cages. Four weeks after surgery retention of the discrimination was tested and, for those reattaining criterion, transposition of the habit to a pairing of the medium gray card with a black stimulus card was assessed. Animals treated with 10 micrograms ORG 2766 reattained criterion on the original discrimination more rapidly than did animals treated with 0 or 1 microgram. Neither the lesion nor the drug resulted in consistent influences upon transposition. There was no evidence that the drug protected neurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei. Postinjury treatment with some doses of ORG 2766 can attenuate the severity of some dysfunctions that accompany neurotrauma by influencing the development of behavioral compensation.
Neurobiology Underlying Fibromyalgia Symptoms

Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain, clinical symptoms that include cognitive and sleep disturbances, and other abnormalities such as increased sensitivity to painful stimuli, increased sensitivity to multiple sensory modalities, and altered pain modulatory mechanisms. Here we relate experimental findings of fibromyalgia symptoms to anatomical and functional brain changes. Neuroimaging studies show augmented sensory processing in pain-related areas, which, together with gray matter decreases and neurochemical abnormalities in areas related to pain modulation, supports the psychophysical evidence of altered pain perception and inhibition. Gray matter decreases in areas related to emotional decision making and working memory suggest that cognitive disturbances could be related to brain alterations. Altered levels of neurotransmitters involved in sleep regulation link disordered sleep to neurochemical abnormalities. Thus, current evidence supports the view that at least some fibromyalgia symptoms are associated with brain dysfunctions or alterations, giving the long-held “it is all in your head” view of the disorder a new meaning.
New full-diversity high-rate space-time block codes based on selective power scaling

We design a new rate-5/4 full-diversity orthogonal STBC for QPSK and 2 transmit antennas by enlarging the signalling set from the set of quaternions used in the Alamouti [1] code. Selective power scaling of information symbols is used to guarantee full-diversity while maximizing the coding gain and minimizing the transmitted signal peak-to-minimum power ratio. The optimum power scaling factor is derived using two equivalent criteria and shown to outperform schemes based on only constellation rotation while still enjoying a low-complexity ML decoding algorithm. Extensions to the case of 4 transmit antennas are reported in [4].
Effects of fatty acid unsaturation on chylomicron metabolism in normal and hepatectomized rats.

1. Hepatectomized rats were injected intravenously with doubly labelled ([14C]linoleic acid and [3H]palmitic acid) thoracic duct lymphs from rats fed cream, triolein or corn oil. The disappearance of the radioactive fatty acids of different molecular triacylglycerol species and of phospholipids from plasma was studied. 2. 73–93% of the injected triacylglycerols had been cleared from plasma within 15 min. At all stages of lipolysis the 3H/14C ratio of the plasma triacylglycerol was the same as in the injected material. If the cream chyle had been cooled to 4 °C before use there was, however, an enrichment of [3H]palmitic acid and of fully saturated triacylglycerols in the remnant particles formed. 3. Only 38–50% of the radioactive chyle phosphatidylcholine was eliminated from plasma in 30 min. At this time most of the remaining phosphatidylcholine was, however, in other lipo-protein classes than the chylomicron remnants. 4. Also in intact rats data were obtained, indicating that the major portion of chylomicron phospholipids is transferred to other serum lipoproteins by exchange or net movement rather than being hydrolysed in the 1-position by lipoprotein lipase or taken up intact by the liver. 5. More of both the labelled fatty acids appeared in liver triacylglycerols in experiments with cream chyle than in experiments with corn oil chyle. Data were obtained suggesting that this may be due to a higher uptake of intact triacylglycerol as remnant particles. 6. When linoleic acid is fed as a tracer dose in cream, a high proportion (16–36%) is incorporated into chyle phospholipids.
On the Transition Semigroups of Centrally Labeled Rauzy Graphs

Rauzy graphs of subshifts are endowed with an automaton structure. For Sturmian subshifts, it is shown that its transition semigroup is the syntactic semigroup of the language recognized by the automaton. An inverse limit of the partial semigroups of nonzero regular elements of their transition semigroups is described. If the subshift is minimal, then this inverse limit is isomorphic, as a partial semigroup, to the -class associated to it in the free pro-aperiodic semigroup.
Duration of anesthesia before muscle relaxant injection influences level of paralysis.

BACKGROUND Dosage guidelines for muscle relaxants are based on dose-response studies, normally performed after several minutes of stable nitrous oxide (N O)-opioid anesthesia. However, relaxants are used immediately after induction of anesthesia. The study was designed to determine the influence of the duration of anesthesia and N O on the onset time at the adductor pollicis (AP) and the corrugator supercilii (CS) muscles of maximum neuromuscular blockade after mivacurium. METHODS After institutional approval and informed consent, patients were randomly allocated into three groups. Anesthesia was induced with alfentanil and propofol. Group A (n = 10) received mivacurium (0.1 mg/kg) immediately after loss of consciousness. Groups B (n = 10) and C (n = 10) received mivacurium after 15 min of anesthesia with propofol alone (B) or propofol with N O (C). The evoked response to train-of-four stimulation was measured by acceleromyography at the AP and the CS. RESULTS Maximum neuromuscular blockade (%T1, median [range]) was significantly less in group A than in groups B and C ( < 0.001) at both the AP (81 [47-90]; 90 [35-100]; 100 [93-100], respectively) and the CS (19 [5-63]; 68 [61-100]; 89 [72-100], respectively). Maximum neuromuscular blockade was less in group B than in group C ( < 0.001) at the AP. Onset time of maximum neuromuscular blockade was not different between groups but was shorter at the CS than at the AP. CONCLUSIONS Duration of anesthesia and N O before mivacurium injection affect intensity of neuromuscular blockade but not onset time. Neuromuscular blockade obtained at the AP after several minutes of stable anesthesia with N O is greater than immediately after induction. This explains in part the discrepancy between the measured ED and the intubating dose.
Randomised controlled trial of near-patient testing for glycated haemoglobin in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND Tight glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes can lead to a reduction in microvascular and possibly macrovascular complications. The use of near-patient (rapid) testing offers a potential method to improve glycaemic control. AIM To assess the effect and costs of rapid testing for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN OF STUDY Pragmatic open randomised controlled trial. SETTING Eight practices in Leicestershire, UK. METHOD Patients were randomised to receive instant results for HbA1c or to routine care. The principal outcome measure was the proportion of patients with an HbA1c <7% at 12 months. We also assessed costs for the two groups. RESULTS Of the 681 patients recruited to the study 638 (94%) were included in the analysis. The mean age at baseline was 65.7 years (SD = 10.8 years) with a median (interquartile range) duration of diabetes of 4(1-8) years. The proportion of patients with HbA1c < 7% did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups (37 versus 38%, odds ratio 0.95 [95% confidence interval = 0.69 to 1.31]) at 12 months follow up. The total cost for diabetes-related care was 390 UK pounds per patient for the control group and 370 UK pounds for the intervention group. This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Near-patient testing for HbA1c alone does not lead to outcome or cost benefits in managing people with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Further research is required into the use of rapid testing as part of an optimised patient management model including arrangements for patient review and testing.
Study the applicability of Moodle in management education

As educational technology becomes more prevalent in Management Education, teaching is no longer restricted to face-to-face instruction. The purpose of this study is to use Moodle, a Learning Management System (LMS), in a management institute and study the reasons and the motivation behind its use by the participants. Traditional instructional activities such as presenting information, managing course material, and collecting and evaluating student work, all was done using Moodle. The findings of this paper would be useful in making effective use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Management Education.
Human-robot teaming for search and rescue

This work establishes an architecture for Urban Search and Rescue and a methodology for mixing real-world and simulation-based testing. A sensor suite and sensor fusion algorithm for robust victim detection permits aggregation of sensor readings from various sensors on multiple robots. We have embarked on a research program focusing on the enabling technologies of effective USAR robotic rescue devices. The program is also researching system-level design, evaluation, and refinement of USAR rescue architectures that include teams of sensor-laden robots and human rescuers. In this paper, we present highlights from our research, which include our multiagent system (MAS) infrastructure, our simulation environment, and our approach to sensor fusion and interface design for effective robotic control.
Safe robot with artificial pneumatic muscle

The safety of humans working with robots is an important issue. Many studies have addressed related methods, but fundamental limits to meet required safety have been met owing to the absence of compliance in the robot actuators. Pneumatic muscle is considered to be a basic actuator and offers the advantage of intrinsic elasticity to achieve the joint compliance. Here, the joint compliance actuated by pneumatic muscle is actively utilized to enhance human safety during collisions. To this end, the authors present a novel approach to control compliance and position independently without affecting on the each other's performance using pneumatic muscles. The presented method is verified by experiments using a physical robot.
Similarity analysis and modeling in mobile societies: the missing link

A new generation of "behavior-aware" delay tolerant networks is emerging in what may define future mobile social networks. With the introduction of novel behavior-aware protocols, services and architectures, there is a pressing need to understand and realistically model mobile users behavioral characteristics, their similarity and clustering. Such models are essential for the analysis, performance evaluation, and simulation of future DTNs. This paper addresses issues related to mobile user similarity, its definition, analysis and modeling. To define similarity, we adopt a behavioral-profile based on users location preferences using their on-line association matrix and its SVD, then calculate the behavioral distance to capture user similarity. This measures the difference of the major spatio-temporal behavioral trends and can be used to cluster users into similarity groups or communities. We then analyze and contrast similarity distributions of mobile user populations in two settings: (i) based on real measurements from four major campuses with over ten thousand users for a month, and (ii) based on existing mobility models, including random direction and time-varying community models. Our results show a rich set of similar communities in real mobile societies with distinct behavioral clusters of users. This is true for all the traces studied, with the trend being consistent over time. Surprisingly, however, we find that the existing mobility models do not explicitly capture similarity and result in homogeneous users that are all similar to each other. Thus the richness and diversity of user behavioral patterns is not captured to any degree in the existing models. These findings strongly suggest that similarity should be explicitly captured in future mobility models, which motivates the need to re-visit mobility modeling to incorporate accurate behavioral models in the future.
Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Preeclamptic Women With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A 2D Speckle-Tracking Imaging Study

Background—Patients with preeclampsia are at risk for cardiovascular disease. Changes in cardiac function are subtle in preeclampsia and are difficult to quantify with conventional imaging. Strain measurements using speckle-tracking echocardiography have been used to sensitively quantify abnormalities in other disease settings. Methods and Results—We evaluated the feasibility and sensitivity of strain imaging using speckle-tracking echocardiography in women with preeclampsia. Forty-seven women were enrolled in this pilot study and 39 were analyzed: 11 with preeclampsia, 17 without a hypertensive disorder, and 11 with nonproteinuric hypertension. Echocardiographic ejection fraction and global peak longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain were measured. Longitudinal strain was significantly worsened in women with preeclampsia compared with women without a hypertensive disorder (P=0.0001). Similar results were observed for radial strain (P=0.006) and circumferential strain (P=0.03). Women with preeclampsia also had significantly worsened longitudinal (P=0.04), radial (P=0.01), and circumferential (P=0.002) strain compared with women with nonproteinuric hypertension. Women with preeclampsia did not have a significantly different ejection fraction compared with women without a hypertensive disorder (P=0.16) and women with nonproteinuric hypertension (P=0.44). Conclusions—Myocardial strain imaging using speckle tracking is more sensitive than left ventricular ejection fraction to detect differences in left ventricular systolic function in women with and without preeclampsia.
Global Characterization of Cell-Specific Gene Expression through Fluorescence-Activated Sorting of Nuclei1[W][OA]

We describe a simple and highly effective means for global identification of genes that are expressed within specific cell types within complex tissues. It involves transgenic expression of nuclear-targeted green fluorescent protein in a cell-type-specific manner. The fluorescent nuclei are then purified from homogenates by fluorescence-activated sorting, and the RNAs employed as targets for microarray hybridization. We demonstrate the validity of the approach through the identification of 12 genes that are selectively expressed in phloem.
Event Causality Identification Using Conditional Random Field in Geriatric Care Domain

Event extraction is a key step in many text-mining applications such as question-answering, information extraction and summarization systems. In this study we used conditional random field (CRF) to extract causal events from PubMed articles related to Geriatric care. Abstracts of geriatric care domain were manually reviewed and categorized into 42 different sub domains. There are a total of 19, 677 sentences in the collected abstracts from PubMed, out of which 2, 856 sentences were selected and manually annotated with cause and effect events. The data set was then divided into training (2, 520), validation (252) and test (84) sentence sets. Features such as tokens, token categories, affixes, part of speech and shallow parser were used as inputs to the CRF model. A window of features before and after each token was used to determine its causal event label using CRF. A window of four features had the best performance with 84.6% precision, 87% recall, 85% and F-measure.
Cell Lineage Analysis of the Mammalian Female Germline

Fundamental aspects of embryonic and post-natal development, including maintenance of the mammalian female germline, are largely unknown. Here we employ a retrospective, phylogenetic-based method for reconstructing cell lineage trees utilizing somatic mutations accumulated in microsatellites, to study female germline dynamics in mice. Reconstructed cell lineage trees can be used to estimate lineage relationships between different cell types, as well as cell depth (number of cell divisions since the zygote). We show that, in the reconstructed mouse cell lineage trees, oocytes form clusters that are separate from hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, both in young and old mice, indicating that these populations belong to distinct lineages. Furthermore, while cumulus cells sampled from different ovarian follicles are distinctly clustered on the reconstructed trees, oocytes from the left and right ovaries are not, suggesting a mixing of their progenitor pools. We also observed an increase in oocyte depth with mouse age, which can be explained either by depth-guided selection of oocytes for ovulation or by post-natal renewal. Overall, our study sheds light on substantial novel aspects of female germline preservation and development.
A facile and green synthesis of colloidal Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals and their application in highly efficient solar water splitting

The development of solution-processable routes as well as compounds consisting of earth abundant elements is highly desirable to reduce the fabrication cost. Recently, kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted great attention for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting owing to their suitable low-cost, earth-abundancy and suitable band gap energy. However, the environmentally benign synthesis of high-quality CZTS NCs without toxic solvents remains elusive. Here, a green chemistry approach employing vegetable oil as a non-toxic solvent for the synthesis of monodisperse and size-tunable CZTS NCs is introduced for the first time. Additionally, the relationship between the abnormal size behavior of the CZTS NCs and the degree of decomposition in the vegetable oil using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) measurements is elucidated for the first time. As a conceptual strategy, a ternary abundant compound based heterojunction nanostructure for efficient solar water splitting by introducing CZTS NCs onto 5 nm Zn(O,S) passivated layer/hydrothermally grown TiO2 nanorod arrays (TNRs) is designed and developed. Remarkably, this ternary CZTS NCs/Zn(O,S)/TNR photoelectrode shows a photocurrent density as high as 15.05 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. the NHE), which is the highest ever for previously reported CZTS NC-based photoelectrodes. The reasons for the enhanced PEC performance are discussed in detail based on different PEC characterizations. More importantly, this work reflects the sophistication of eco-friendly solution phase synthesized CZTS NCs without using any toxic chemicals as an earth abundant sensitizer and constitute a new paradigm towards the enhanced PEC performance with quantum dot based hetero-nanostructures.
Socialness in the recruiting of software engineers

Recruiting of highly qualified software engineers takes place in a very competitive and global job market. Agile methods have emphasized the relevance of social skills for an efficient and sustainable interaction of individuals. At the same time, employing companies have to provide working conditions which attract and support teams of high skilled and demanding software engineers. In this paper, we evaluate the efforts of IT companies in acquiring software engineers by emphasizing socialness in their job ads. We analyze 75,000 jobs ads from the recruiting platform Indeed to quantify differences in the regional distribution of social factors, and about 2,800 job ads from StackoverflowCareers to investigate correlations between social factors and the employee satisfaction of a work place. Our findings show that many companies advertise socialness explicitly by aspects as extraordinary food offers, a great team, social events, a game room, or family friendliness. Well-established standard benefits such as health care, paid vacation, or retirement savings are non-unique job characteristics. Advanced jobs allow for higher degrees of freedom concerning the location and time of work being advertised by flextime, remote work, or unlimited vacation.
Parallel and Distributed Spatial Simulation of Chemical Reactions

The application of parallel and distributed simulation techniques is often limited by the amount of parallelism available in the model. This holds true for large-scale cell- biological simulations, afield that has emerged as data and knowledge concerning these systems increases and biologists call for tools to guide wet-lab experimentation. A promising approach to exploit parallelism in this domain is the integration of spatial aspects, which are often crucial to a model's validity. We describe an optimistic, parallel and distributed variant of the Next-Subvolume Method (NSM), a method that augments the well-known Gillespie Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (SSA) with spatial features. We discuss requirements imposed by this application on a parallel discrete event simulation engine to achieve efficient execution. First results of combining NSM and the grid-inspired simulation system AURORA are shown.
Effects of communication style and time orientation on notification systems and anti-virus software

The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the effects of communication style (CS) and time orientation (TO) on people's perception of and proficiency in responding to notification systems and (2) to study the applications of these effects in the design of user notification in anti-virus software. Significant effects were found in the experiment; the results showed that users with a low-context CS can remember and make sense of the information provided by the notification system better than users with a high-context CS. Polychronic users perceive a lower level of interruption of the notification messages than monochronic users; polychronic users prefer rapid and accurate responses to the stimuli provided by the notification system, whereas monochronic users tend to avoid responding to the stimuli. Four sessions of focus group discussions were then carried out with users of different CS and TO, which focused on the virus attack warning provided by anti-virus software. The results should prove useful to aid designers in creating more effective and appealing ways to give notification or warnings to users.