Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subthreshold Voltage Operation of C 6288 at 45 nm technology

This paper examine the effect of subthreshold voltage in function, delay, power and energy. Benchmark circuit c6288 in 45 nm technology is used in this design. The focus of this work is to find the optimal power delay product of benchmark circuit at subthreshold operation. The simulation was done using HSPICE. Results show that the 45nm cell libraries support the subthreshold operation of electronic circuits while providing reasonable power and energy savings. The result shows 87% of energy reduction with subthreshold voltage operation Key words—c6288, low voltage operation, very low power design, subthreshold operation.
Naturalistic Observation in the Hispanic World and its Contribution to the Development of Comparative Psychology

The observation and descriptions of animal’s behavior and emotions from the New World began shortly after the arrival of Spaniards in America. The discovery of the Indian natives and completely unknown species in Europe sparked a great interest in pioneers like Alvarez Chanca, Fernandez de Oviedo, Cieza de Leon, Sahagun, Francisco Hernandez, Acosta, Cobo or much later by Azara. In our opinion, these studies provided the basis for the study of animal behavior and emotions in the New and the Old World and allowed a new understanding of the Natural History and the relationship between structure and function. It is likely that these findings were crucial for the work of Charles Darwin three Centuries later. Moreover, it is suggested that the future development of Comparative Psychology based on Darwin and Romanes work, based its roots in the work and observations of these early pioneers. [RESUMEN]La observacion y la descripcion del comportamiento y de las emociones de los animales del Nuevo Mundo se inicio poco despues de la llegada de los espanoles en America. No solo causo asombro el encuentro con los indios nativos sino tambien la existencia de especies completamente desconocidas en Europa. Este descubrimiento desperto un gran interes en pioneros como Alvarez Chanca, Fernandez de Oviedo, Cieza de Leon, Sahagun, Francisco Hernandez, Acosta, Cobo o mucho mas tarde Azara. En nuestra opinion, estos estudios sirvieron de base para el estudio del comportamiento animal y las emociones tanto en el Viejo Mundo como en el Nuevo y permitio una nueva comprension de la Historia Natural y de la relacion entre estructura y funcion. Es probable que estos hallazgos iniciales fueran cruciales en los posteriores estudios de Charles Darwin, tres siglos mas tarde. Por otra parte, se sugiere que el desarrollo de la Psicologia Comparada que se produce a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, a partir de la obra de Darwin y Romanes asientan sus en sus raices en el trabajo y las observaciones de estos pioneros.
Visual and LiDAR-based for the mobile 3D mapping

Multi-sensors fusion to construct an accurate 3D map about unknown indoor scene and outdoor in the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) area is becoming increasingly popular. In this paper our methods pay an attention to how to optimize the 2D map from the indoor or outdoor unknown large-scale environment and how to make the 3D map intuitive and accurate. Firstly, this paper accomplished the calibration between 2D Light Detection And Ranging sensor (LiDAR) and panoramic camera, using horizontal 2D LiDAR to finish 2D SLAM. Then the new method that closed-loop detection was based on visual was used to assist the 2D SLAM to get a better optimization result in sub-maps efficiently. Finally, vertical LiDAR data was added to get the 3D point cloud, using the images from a panoramic camera to accomplish the registration with point cloud. The result of final 3D map with RGB information demonstrated that our methods are feasible.
Re-operation of major reservoirs for flood and environmental management

This paper summarizes the results of two similar studies of reservoir flood operations. The first study is a re-operation of Folsom Dam, California with outlet structure improvements and the potential of flood rules that are fixed or based on a combination of precipitation, snowpack, and ENSO conditions. Trade-offs between flood probabilities and water supply spill are estimated and analyzed using expected ranges of costs of levee failures downstream and the value of spilled water for water supply. The second study is a re-operation of Camanche Reservoir in central California to reallocate some flood storage for use in managing downstream environmental flows as well as urban water supply and hydropower purposes. Trade-offs between economic and environmental performance are estimated and discussed.
Number : TR-CLMC-20071 Learning an Outlier-Robust Kalman Filter

In this paper, we introduce a modified Kalman filter that performs robust, real-time outlier detection, without the need for manual parameter tuning by the user. Systems that rely on high quality sensory data (for instance, robotic systems) can be sensitive to data containing outliers. The standard Kalman filter is not robust to outliers, and other variations of the Kalman filter have been proposed to overcome this issue. However, these methods may require manual parameter tuning, use of heuristics or complicated parameter estimation procedures. Our Kalman filter uses a weighted least squares-like approach by introducing weights for each data sample. A data sample with a smaller weight has a weaker contribution when estimating the current time step’s state. Using an incremental variational Expectation-Maximization framework, we learn the weights and system dynamics. We evaluate our Kalman filter algorithm on synthetic data and data from a robotic dog.
The sound pattern of Standard Italian, as compared with the varieties spoken in Florence, Milan and Rome

This paper is a condensed presentation of the phonetics and phonology of Standard Italian, compared to the most prestigious local accents, viz. those of Florence, Milan and Rome. Historically based on the Florentine pronunciation, and traditionally identified with it, Standard Italian is nowadays used by trained speakers such as stage actors and (but less and less so) radio and TV speakers. The present paper aims at depicting the most salient features of Standard Italian, still a matter of primary reference in language courses, comparing them with the characteristic features of the three most prominent local varieties, with which the foreign learner is most likely to be confronted. All traditional (and sometimes widely debated) issues of Italian phonetics/phonology are addressed in the most ecumenical setting possible.
Data reduction through early grouping

SQL queries containing GROUP BY and aggregation occur frequently in decision support applications. Grouping with aggregation is typically done by first sorting the input and then performing the aggregation as part of the output phase of the sort. The most widely used external sorting algorithm is merge sort, consisting of a run formation phase followed by a (single) merge pass.The amount of data output from the run formation phase can be reduced by a technique that we call early grouping. The idea is straightforward: simply form groups and perform aggregation during run formation. Each run will now consist of partial groups instead of individual records. These partial groups are then combined during the merge phase.Early grouping always reduces the number of records output from the run formation phase. The relative output size depends on the amount of memory relative to the total number of groups and the distribution of records over groups. When the input data is uniformly distributed -- the worst case -- our simulation results show that the relative output size is proportional to the (relative) amount of memory used. When the data is skewed -- the more common case in practice -- the relative output size is much smaller.
Constructing Abelian Surfaces for Cryptography via Rosenhain Invariants

This paper presents an algorithm to construct cryptographically strong genus $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}2$ curves and their Kummer surfaces via Rosenhain invariants and related Kummer parameters. The most common version of the complex multiplication (CM) algorithm for constructing cryptographic curves in genus 2 relies on the well-studied Igusa invariants and Mestre’s algorithm for reconstructing the curve. On the other hand, the Rosenhain invariants typically have much smaller height, so computing them requires less precision, and in addition, the Rosenhain model for the curve can be written down directly given the Rosenhain invariants. Similarly, the parameters for a Kummer surface can be expressed directly in terms of rational functions of theta constants. CM-values of these functions are algebraic numbers, and when computed to high enough precision, LLL can recognize their minimal polynomials. Motivated by fast cryptography on Kummer surfaces, we investigate a variant of the CM method for computing cryptographically strong Rosenhain models of curves (as well as their associated Kummer surfaces) and use it to generate several example curves at different security levels that are suitable for use in cryptography.
How people find videos

At present very little is known about how people locate and view videos 'in the wild'. This study draws a rich picture of everyday video seeking strategies and video information needs, based on an ethnographic study of New Zealand university students. These insights into the participants' activities and motivations suggest potentially useful facilities for a video digital library.
Pattern and Process in Northern Rocky Mountain Headwaters: Ecological Linkages in the Headwaters of the Crown of the Continent 1

Abstract: The Crown of the Continent is one of the premiere ecosystems in North America containing Waterton‐Glacier International Peace Park, the Bob Marshall‐Great Bear‐Scapegoat Wilderness Complex in Montana, various Provincial Parks in British Columbia and Alberta, several national and state forest lands in the USA, and Crown Lands in Canada. The region is also the headwater source for three of the continent’s great rivers: Columbia, Missouri and Saskatchewan that flow to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, respectively. Headwaters originate in high elevation alpine environs characterized by high snow accumulations in winter and rainstorms in summer. Most headwaters of the region contain high quality waters with few ions in solution and extremely low nutrient concentrations. Alpine streams have few species of aquatic organisms; however, they often possess rare species and have hydrogeomorphic features that make them vulnerable to climatic change. Subalpine and valley bottom streams of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem (CCE) flow through well forested watersheds. Along the elevation gradient, the streams and rivers of the CCE flow through series of confining and nonconfining valleys resulting in distinct canyon and floodplain reaches. The alluvial floodplains are characterized by high species diversity and bioproduction maintained by the hydrologic linkages of habitats. The streams and rivers of the CCE have low nutrient concentrations, but may be significantly affected by wildfire, various resource extraction activities, such as logging or mining and exurban encroachment. Wildfire has been shown to increase nutrient loading in streams, both during a fire and then following the fire for as much as 5 years. Logging practices increase nutrient loading and the algal productivity of stream periphyton. Logging and associated roads are also known to increase sediment transport into Crown of the Continent streams directly affecting spawning success of native trout. The CCE is one of the fastest growing regions in the USA because of the many recreational amenities of the region. And, while the region has many remarkably pristine headwater streams and receiving rivers, there are many pending threats to water quality and quantity. One of the most urgent threats comes from the coal and gas fields in the northern part of the Crown of the Continent, where coal deposits are proposed for mountain‐top removal and open‐pit mining operations. This will have significant effects on the waters of the region, its native plants and animals and quality of life of the people.
Reducing Peak Electricity Demand through 300 MW Wind Farm North of Jeddah , Saudi Arabia

The drastic increase in electricity demand over the last decade has been putting a huge burden on the Saudi utility company to plan ahead and guarantee continuous power supply to its customers. Private investments in power generation are being solicited and encouraged to contribute significantly to the power grids and alleviate the burden of meeting the surge in power demand. Jeddah, the second largest city in the Kingdom, is located in the western region, which is a major component of the power grid. Power generation plants in Saudi Arabia are conventional fossil-fuel thermal plants; therefore, the addition of a wind farm north of Jeddah would be greener to Earth, have a significant effect on power generation, and relieve the utility company from a considerable chunk of its peak demand obligation. Index Term—DSM, Electricity Demand, Renewable Energy, Saudi Arabia, Wind Farms.
The role of aquaporins in root water uptake.

The capacity of roots to take up water is determined in part by the resistance of living tissues to radial water flow. Both the apoplastic and cell-to-cell paths mediate water transport in these tissues but the contribution of cell membranes to the latter path has long been difficult to estimate. Aquaporins are water channel proteins that are expressed in various membrane compartments of plant cells, including the plasma and vacuolar membranes. Plant aquaporins are encoded by a large multigene family, with 35 members in Arabidopsis thaliana, and many of these aquaporins show a cell-specific expression pattern in the root. Mercury acts as an efficient blocker of most aquaporins and has been used to demonstrate the significant contribution of water channels to overall root water transport. Aquaporin-rich membranes may be needed to facilitate intense water flow across root tissues and may represent critical points where an efficient and spatially restricted control of water uptake can be exerted. Roots, in particular, show a remarkable capacity to alter their water permeability over the short term (i.e. in a few hours to less than 2-3 d) in response to many stimuli, such as day/night cycles, nutrient deficiency or stress. Recent data suggest that these rapid changes can be mostly accounted for by changes in cell membrane permeability and are mediated by aquaporins. Although the processes that allow perception of environmental changes by root cells and subsequent aquaporin regulation are nearly unknown, the study of root aquaporins provides an interesting model to understand the regulation of water transport in plants and sheds light on the basic mechanisms of water uptake by roots.
A model for estimating cross‐shore surface transport with application to the New Jersey Shelf

[1] A one-dimensional, steady state numerical model is developed for estimating cross-shore surface transport in shallow waters, where the water depth is comparable to boundary layer thickness. The model is used to solve a momentum equation which describes the cross-shore balance. To validate the model, acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) current data collected during an experiment off the New Jersey shelf in the summer of 1996 are used to estimate the cross-shore surface transport during that period and then compared with model predictions based on the local wind. The success of the model in estimating the cross-shore surface transport leads to an improved version of the conventional upwelling index (i.e., the Bakun Index), particularly for coastal areas with wide and shallow shelves, such as the east coast of the United States. Finally, the model, because of its simplicity, is well suited for operational applications where computational resources may be limited.
A Psychological Basis for Anesthesiologists’ Operating Room Managerial Decision-Making on the Day of Surgery

BACKGROUND:We investigated whether, without prompting, anesthesiologists tend to make managerial decisions to increase the clinical work per unit time of the sites to which they are assigned during their scheduled time present. Although a sound basis for decision-making involving individual ORs, the heuristic is often suboptimal economically when applied to decisions involving multiple ORs. METHODS:Two studies were performed at one hospital. 1) A retrospective analysis was made of anesthesiologists’ managerial decisions when caring for sequential lists of patients. 2) Patients’ and surgeons’ waiting on nights and weekends were studied before/after education on optimal decision-making. RESULTS:1) Anesthesiologists’ decisions resulted in an increase in their clinical work per unit time, not a reduction in patient waiting. 2) Paradoxically, such efforts on nights and weekends caused increased patient and surgeon waiting. Decisions were unchanged after education on a different way to assign cases. CONCLUSIONS:In a companion article, we showed that clinicians tended to make decisions that increased the clinical work per unit time at each moment in each OR, even when doing so resulted in an increase in overutilized OR time, higher staffing costs, unpredictable work hours, and/or mandatory overtime. The current studies show that such efforts to work fast cannot be explained as a consequence of efforts to reduce surgeon and patient waiting. Rather, the heuristic followed is consistent with increasing one’s personal clinical work per unit time at one’s assigned anesthetizing location.
A fuzzy toolbox for the R programming language

In this paper, we describe the main functionality of an initial version of a new fuzzy logic software toolkit based on the R language. The toolkit supports the implementation of several types of fuzzy logic inference systems and we discuss and present several aspects of its capabilities to allow the straightforward implementation of type-1 and interval type-2 fuzzy systems. We include source code examples and visualizations both of type-1 and type-2 fuzzy sets as well as output surface visualizations generated using the R toolkit. Finally, we describe the significant benefits of relying on the R language as a language which is employed across several research disciplines (thus enabling access to fuzzy logic tools to a variety of researchers), outline future developments and most importantly call for contributions, comments and feedback to/on this open-source software development effort.
Game theoretic analysis of security in mobile ad hoc networks

Countermeasures against node misbehavior and selfishness are mandatory requirements in mobile ad hoc networks. Selfishness that causes lack of node activity cannot be solved by classical security means that aim at verifying the correctness and integrity of an operation. In this paper we outline an original security mechanism (CORE) based on reputation that is used to enforce cooperation among the nodes of a MANET. We then investigate on its robustness using an original approach: we use game theory to model the interactions between the nodes of the ad hoc network and we focus on the strategy that a node can adopt during the network operation. As a first result, we obtained the guidelines that should be adopted when designing a cooperative security mechanism that enforces mobile nodes cooperation. Furthermore, we were able to show that when no countermeasures are taken against misbehaving nodes, network operation can be heavily jeopardized. We then showed that the CORE mechanism is compliant with guidelines provided by the game theoretic model and that, under certain conditions, it assures the cooperation of at least half of the nodes of a MANET.
Effects of element complexes containing Fe, Zn and Mn on artificial morel’s biological characteristics and soil bacterial community structures

This study described the effects of elements (including Fe, Zn, Mn and their complexes) on the following factors in artificial morel cultivation: the characteristics of mycelia and sclerotia, soil bacterial community structures, yields and contents of microelements. The results indicated that the groups containing Mn significantly promoted mycelia growth rates, and all the experimental groups resulted in higher yields than the control (P<0.01), although their mycelia and sclerotia did not show obvious differences. It was also found that Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae were the dominated bacterial phyla. The Zn·Fe group had an unexpectedly high proportion (75.49%) of Proteobacteria during the primordial differentiation stage, while Pseudomonas also occupied a high proportion (5.52%) in this group. These results suggested that different trace elements clearly affected morel yields and soil bacterial community structures, particularly due to the high proportions of Pseudomonas during the primordial differentiation stage.
A Hierarchical SOM based Intrusion Detection System

An approach to network intrusion detection is investigated, based purely on a hierarchy of SelfOrganizing Feature Maps. Our principle interest is to establish just how far such an approach can be taken in practice. To do so, the KDD benchmark dataset from the International Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Tools Competition is employed. Extensive analysis is conducted in order to address the significance of the features employed, the partitioning of training data and the complexity of the architecture. In comparison to results reported previously using unsupervised learning, we demonstrate that best performance is achieved using a two-layer SOM hierarchy, based on all 41-features from the KDD dataset. Moreover, this is achieved whilst utilizing 40% of the original training data. In terms of the contribution of different features, we recommend using ‘Protocol’ as a switching parameter for designing modular solutions to the detection problem, where this observation is also supported by other researchers.
PMHM: Privacy in mobile health monitoring using identity based encryption for mHealth

Patient's privacy and sharing of personal information in mobile devices, the need for confidentiality, where mHealth monitoring system, is an important issue in various fields. In these hybrid elliptical curve-identity base encrypt health monitoring using a new and efficient approach to the protection of privacy in the offer. The patient's personal data first encrypt then apply Hard Logarithm Problem is based on elliptic curve cryptography and forms a tuple is stored on the storage panel is encrypted using elliptic curve. The selection of patients and doctors information and the allocation of individual keys. Doctor decrypts data based on the identification of sensor data with respect to time. The proposed methodology applied here provides an intrusion protection as well as low computational cost and low-bandwidth storage charges.