Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High order discontinuous Galerkin methods for simulating miscible displacement process in porous media with a focus on minimal regularity

High order discontinuous Galerkin methods for simulating miscible displacement process in porous media with a focus on minimal regularity by Jizhou Li In my thesis, I formulate, analyze and implement high order discontinuous Galerkin methods for simulating miscible displacement in porous media. The analysis concerning the stability and convergence under the minimal regularity assumption is established to provide theoretical foundations for using discontinuous Galerkin discretization to solve miscible displacement problems. The numerical experiments demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed methods. The performance study for large scale simulations with highly heterogeneous porous media suggests strong scalability which indicates the efficiency of the numerical algorithm. The simulations performed using the algorithms for physically unstable flow show that higher order methods proposed in thesis are more suitable for simulating such phenomenon than the commonly used cell-center finite volume method.
Higher‐Resolution Tropopause Folding Accounts for More Stratospheric Ozone Intrusions

Ozone in the troposphere is a pollutant and greenhouse gas, and it is crucial to better understand its transport from the ozone‐rich stratosphere. Tropopause folding, wherein stratospheric air intrudes downward into the troposphere, enables stratosphere‐to‐troposphere ozone transport (STT). However, systematic analysis of the relationship between folding and tropospheric ozone, using data that can both capture folding's spatial scales and accurately represent tropospheric chemistry, is limited. Here, we compare folding in high‐resolution reanalysis ERA5 (0.25° horizontal, <21 hPa vertical) and low‐resolution chemical reanalysis CAMSRA (0.75°, <40 hPa), against CAMSRA ozone, over 1 year. Folding becomes dramatically more frequent at high resolution, with vertical resolution overwhelmingly responsible. Deeper, more filamentary folding is almost entirely unrepresented at low resolution. Higher‐resolution folding is better‐correlated with tropospheric ozone (especially along midlatitude storm tracks, where deep folding is most common); STT is therefore likely more attributable to tropopause folding than coarsely‐resolved folding can capture.
Vertical motion, diabatic heating, and rainfall characteristics in north Australia convective systems

Very‐high‐frequency wind‐profiler data are used to study the vertical draught structure within 13 tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) near Darwin, Australia during the 1989‐90 and 1990‐91 wet seasons. These studies are supported by single‐Doppler radar, soundings, and surface rainfall data to correlate radar reflectivity, thermal buoyancy, and surface rainfall patterns with vertical air‐motion structures. Because of Darwin's unique location at the southern tip of the Maritime Continent, vertical draughts in both the monsoon (maritime) and monsoon break (continental) convective regimes can be observed.
Reducing Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and the Incidence of FASD: Is the Past Prologue?

PURPOSE This narrative review summarizes and synthesizes the clinical trials and randomized clinical trials that evaluated selected and targeted approaches to reducing preconception and prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) since 2011. SEARCH METHODS A professional hospital librarian completed the primary search using strategies specified within this review, resulting in 94 records returned in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Clinical Key, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The author completed two supplementary literature searches. SEARCH RESULTS From the total of 238 records returned from the three searches, 217 records were eliminated. Elimination reasons included other medical problem (119); duplicate entry (34); no content/results (23); secondary analysis (16); focus on effects of PAE (9); treatment of childhood fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) (6); maternal risk factors (3); and other (7). The remaining 21 studies were included with four overarching themes: (1) case management efforts (n = 4); (2) preconception efforts to reduce AEP (n = 5); (3) motivational interviewing and screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (n = 2); and (4) use of technology to deliver the intervention (n = 10). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Case management and home visits did not appear to have strong current empirical support. Study limitations included small sample sizes and no comparison groups, whereas larger efforts did not demonstrate definitive advantages to justify this intensive approach. The studies of preconception efforts, all based on the Project CHOICES approach, had similar outcomes, with the reduction in AEP risk largely due to improved contraception in women of childbearing age who were sexually active and drank alcohol but were not pregnant. It is unknown whether these women refrained from alcohol use when they became pregnant. Two studies of motivational interviewing to reduce prenatal alcohol use did not demonstrate the efficacy of the intervention. Both were small, with less than 200 pregnant women combined; moreover, the study samples had low baseline levels of alcohol use, allowing little opportunity for improvement. Finally, studies evaluating the impact of technological approaches to reducing AEP were reviewed. These exploratory investigations had small sample sizes and provided preliminary evaluations of techniques such as text messages, telephone contact, computer-based screening, and motivational interviewing. The potentially promising findings may inform future research and clinical efforts. Future directions may include research to address the limitations of the evidence to date and should reflect the complexities of FASD that include the biological and social context associated with prenatal alcohol use.
Skeleton-network reconfiguration based on topology priority and path electrical effects

The reconstruction of target power transmission network in power system restoration process is studied.By using related theory of node betweenness in complex network,a network reconfiguration method,taking both topology priority and path electrical effects into consideration,is put forward.This method takes account of the influence of shunt capacitance on node importance,so as to realize the reconfiguration of weighted power transmission network.The index of reconstruction efficiency considering the effect of the node importance and transmission line optimization on reconstruction network achieves the whole optimization of the reconstructed network.The genetic algorithm method,which has the characteristics of global convergence and handling the discrete variables easily and effectively,is employed to solve this problem.Finally,the IEEE 30 and IEEE 39 bus system are applied as benchmark to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
A New Tetrahedral Decomposition Scheme for Extracting Isosurfaces

Marching Cubes is a simple and popular algorithm for extracting isosurfaces from three dimensional data fields. However, it does not guarantee the surface to be topologically consistent with the data, called topological ambiguity. To solve this problem, each cubic grid cell can be decomposed into five tetrahedral cells in the three dimensional data fields, then isosufaces can be extracted from each tetrahedral cell. But during the course of decomposition, decomposed ambiguity yet results in the topological ambiguity of isosurfaces. In this paper, we solve the problem using the 24 decomposition scheme to generate correct topological isosurfaces.
Application of Chaotic Time Series on Road Foundation's Sedimentation

On the basis of the chaos theory, the road foundation's deformation is analyzed according to the historical data recorders. The road foundation's final sed imentation can be predicted by using the maximum Lyapunov exponent and the whole domain method of chaos time serial. The results are satisfactory, which show that the maximum Lyapunov exponent and the whole domain method are f easible. At the same time, compared with some normal prediction methods, the ro ad foundation's final sedimentation is figured out.
On the gamma-ray burst – gravitational wave association in GW150914

Abstract Hyperaccreting disks around black holes are the engines that drive outflows and jets in gamma ray bursts (GRBs). The torus formed after the core collapse or a compact binary merger is composed of free nucleons, Helium, electron-positron pairs, and is cooled by neutrinos rather than photon emission. Hyperaccretion powers the ultra-relativistic jets, where the GRB prompt emission originates. The neutrons produced in the disk and also in the outflowing material are necessary for the production of heavier nuclei. We discuss here the observable consequences of nucleosynthesis and we also apply the scenario of hyperaccretion to the gravitational wave source, GW150914. Temporal coincidence reported by the Fermi satellite suggested that the black hole merger might be accompanied with a GRB. We propose that a collapsing massive star and a black hole in a close binary could lead to such event. Gravitational wave emission due to the merger of collapsed core and the companion black hole might then coincide with a weak GRB.
Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Evolution of Rotary Friction Welding of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Polycarbonate Rods

Rotary friction welding (RFW) is a green manufacturing technology with environmental pollution in the field of joining methods. In practice, the welding quality of the friction-welded parts was affected by the peak temperature in the weld joint during the RFW of dissimilar plastic rods. In industry, polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) are two commonly used plastics in consumer products. In this study, the COMSOL multiphysics software was employed to estimate the peak temperature in the weld joint during the RFW of PC and ABS rods. After RFW, the mechanical performance and microstructural evolution of friction-welded parts were investigated experimentally. The average Shore A surface hardness, flexural strength, and impact energy are directly proportional to the rotation speed of the RFW. The quality of RFW is excellent, since the welding strength in the weld joint is better than that of the ABS base materials. The fracture occurs in the ABS rods since their brittleness is higher than that of the PC rods. The average percentage error of predicting the peak temperature using COMSOL software using a mesh element count of 875,688 for five different rotation speeds is about 16.6%. The differential scanning calorimetry curve for the friction-welded parts welded at a rotation speed of 1350 rpm shows an endothermic peak between 400 to 440 °C and an exothermic peak between 600 to 700 °C, showing that the friction-welded parts have better mechanical properties.
Comparative Verification of the Accuracy of Implant Models Made of PLA, Resin, and Silicone

Polylactic acid (PLA) has gained considerable attention as an alternative to petroleum-based materials due to environmental concerns. We fabricated implant models with fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers using PLA, and the accuracies of these PLA models were compared with those of plaster models made from silicone impressions and resin models made with digital light processing (DLP). A base model was obtained from an impact-training model. The scan body was mounted on the plaster, resin, and PLA models obtained from the base model, and the obtained information was converted to stereolithography (STL) data by the 3D scanner. The base model was then used as a reference, and its data were superimposed onto the STL data of each model using Geomagic control. The horizontal and vertical accuracies of PLA models, as calculated using the Tukey–Kramer method, were 97.2 ± 48.4 and 115.5 ± 15.1 μm, respectively, which suggests that the PLA model is the least accurate among the three models. In both cases, significant differences were found between PLA and gypsum and between the PLA and resin models. However, considering that the misfit of screw-retained implant frames should be ≤150 µm, PLA can be effectively used for fabricating implant models.
Autonomous High-Speed Overtaking of Intelligent Chassis Using Fast Iterative Model Predictive Control

High-speed overtaking is one of the structured driving scenarios of autonomous vehicles (AVs), and safety and real-time control requirements must be fulfilled during this scenario. In this article, we develop an overtaking path-planning and tracking framework for AVs based on the improved artificial potential field (APF) and fast iterative model predictive control (MPC). The improved APF is used to plan a feasible, high-speed overtaking path by considering the constraints of vehicle dynamics and introducing the adjustment factor into the potential function to avoid local optimization and target unreachability problems. In addition, to reduce the computational burden and fulfill the real-time control requirements of trajectory tracking, a fast iterative MPC algorithm is proposed herein. This algorithm adds disturbances that possess the nonlinear characteristics of the real model by using a linearized model. In terms of vehicle configuration, we consider that the target vehicle has the four-wheel steer (4WS)–four-wheel drive (4WD) chassis configuration, and the fast iterative MPC is also used to coordinate the conflict between 4WS and direct yaw moment control (DYC) to improve tracking accuracy and vehicle stability during overtaking. Simulink/Carsim cosimulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Effect of Splinting on Orthodontic Mini-Implant Tipping and Bone Histomorphometric Parameters: An In Vivo Animal Model Study

This study aimed to address the stability of orthodontic mini-implants submitted to an immediate orthodontic functional load, in splinted or unsplinted conditions, further characterizing the histomorphometric parameters of the neighboring bone tissue, in an in vivo experimental model. Mini-implants (1.4 × 6.0 mm) were placed in the proximal tibia of New Zealand White rabbits and immediately loaded with a 150 g force. Tissue healing was characterized within 8 weeks. Microtomography was used to assess the mini-implants’ tipping and bone histomorphometric indexes. Loaded implants were evaluated in splinted and unsplinted conditions, with data being compared to that of unloaded mini-implants with the Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison tests. The splinting of mini-implants submitted to immediate orthodontic loading significantly reduced the tipping to levels similar to those of unloaded mini-implants. Immediate loading further increased the histomorphometric indexes associated with bone formation at the peri-implant region, in both splinted and unsplinted conditions, with no significant differences between the tension and compression regions. Accordingly, within this experimental setting, splinting was found to lessen tipping and mini-implants’ displacement, without affecting the increased bone formation at the peri-implant region, induced by a functional orthodontic load.
Radiological Influencing Factors in the Diagnosis of Painful Habitual Instability of the Thumb Basal Joint as a Precursor of Carpometacarpal Arthritis of the Thumb—A Retrospective Study

Background: Painful habitual instability of the thumb basal joint (PHIT) is a rarely diagnosed condition that can severely impair hand function. Furthermore, it can increase the risk of developing carpometacarpal arthritis of the thumb (CMAOT). Clinical examination and radiographic imaging provide the foundation for a correct diagnosis, but early detection is still challenging. We investigated two objective, radiographically obtainable parameters as potential risk factors for PHIT. Methods: Clinical data and radiographic images of 33 patients suffering from PHIT were collected and compared to those of 35 people serving as the control group. The two main objectives, the slope angle and the bony offset of the thumb joint, were gathered from the X-rays and statistically analyzed. Results: The analysis showed no differences between the study and the control group concerning the slope angle. Gender and the bony offset, on the other hand, had a significant influence. Female sex and higher offset values were associated with an increased risk of PHIT. Conclusions: The results of this study prove a connection between a high bony offset and PHIT. We believe this information can be valuable in early detection and will allow more efficient treatment of this condition in the future.
Analyzing Events’ Impacts on Mental Health Using Tweets

Traumatic events like cyclones, bomb blasts, and earthquakes impact people's mental health, and relevant Information reflects in tweet texts. Researchers developed event detection models and mental health assessment systems separately. Little research was focused on analyzing various events’ impacts on mental health via social media. To evaluate the effect of events on mental health, we use the area under the curve (AUC) method to mine the tweets. The AUC method makes numerical estimation under normal conditions, before, during, and after an event. We collected 90,649 tweets during the three events (Sri Lanka Bomb blasts, Burevi Cyclone, and Tauktae Cyclone) in 2019, 2020, and 2021 and computed the events’ impacts on relevant people’s mental health using the AUC method. The new results matched with the event reports by other sources. The AUC method is useful for planning and executing disaster preparedness and emergency teams.
Texel-based image classification with orthogonal bases

Periodic variations in patterns within a group of pixels provide important information about the surface of interest and can be used to identify objects or regions. Hence, a proper analysis can be applied to extract particular features according to some specific image properties. Recently, texture analysis using orthogonal polynomials has gained attention since polynomials characterize the pseudo-periodic behavior of textures through the projection of the pattern of interest over a group of kernel functions. However, the maximum polynomial order is often linked to the size of the texture, which implies in many cases, a complex calculation and introduces instability in higher orders leading to computational errors. In this paper, we address this issue and explore a pre-processing stage to compute the optimal size of the window of analysis called “texel. ” We propose Haralick-based metrics to find the main oscillation period, such that, it represents the fundamental texture and captures the minimum information, which is sufficient for classification tasks. This procedure avoids the computation of large polynomials and reduces substantially the feature space with small classification errors. Our proposal is also compared against different fixed-size windows. We also show similarities between full-image representations and the ones based on texels in terms of visual structures and feature vectors using two different orthogonal bases: Tchebichef and Hermite polynomials. Finally, we assess the performance of the proposal using well-known texture databases found in the literature.
Architecting MLOps in the Cloud: From Theory to Practice

ML operations (MLOps) refers to a set of practices and tools that automate and combine model development and model operation. MLOps can enable organizations to successfully deploy and manage their ML models in production. The MLOps landscape is increasingly expanding with techno-logical choices, and most public cloud providers offer MLOps platforms with different degrees of maturity. However, this rapidly growing landscape makes designing and implementing an MLOps system in the cloud challenging as the practitioners need to make numerous architectural design decisions, select between different decision options, select between tools/services for realizing a particular decision option, and configure and assemble the chosen tools/services. In this tutorial, we will present guidelines for designing and implementing MLOps for ML-enabled applications in the cloud. We will cover each phase in the MLOps lifecycle. In addition to design guidance, tutorial participants will be able to get hands-on experience in creating an MLOps solution using the Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Robust and GPU-friendly Isotropic Meshing Based on Narrow-banded Euclidean Distance Transformation

In this paper, we propose a simple-yet-effective method for isotropic meshing via Euclidean distance transformation based Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (CVT). The proposed approach aims at improving the performance as well as robustness of computing CVT on curved domains while simultaneously maintaining the high-quality of the output meshes. In contrast to the conventional extrinsic methods which compute CVTs in the entire volume bounded by the input model, our idea is to restrict the computation in a 3D shell space with user-controlled thickness. Taking the voxels which contain the surface samples as the sites, we compute the exact Euclidean distance transform on the GPU. Our algorithm is fully parallel and memory-efﬁcient, and it can construct the shell space with resolution up to 2048 3 at interactive speed. Since the shell space is able to bridge holes and gaps up to a certain tolerance, and tolerate non-manifold edges and degenerate triangles, our algorithm works well on models with such defects, whereas the conventional remeshing methods often fail.
Computing and evaluating saliency maps for image classification: a tutorial

Abstract. Facing the black-box nature of deep learning models for image classification, a popular trend in the literature proposes methods to generate explanations in the form of heat maps indicating the areas that played an important role in the models’ decisions. Such explanations are called saliency maps and constitute an active field of research, given that many fundamental questions are yet to be answered: how to compute them efficiently? How to evaluate them? What exactly can they be used for? Given the increasing rate at which papers are produced and the vast amount of literature that is already existing, we propose our study to help newcomers become part of this community and to contribute to the research field. First, the two existing approaches to generate saliency maps are discussed, namely post-hoc methods and attention models. Post-hoc methods are generic algorithms that can be applied to any model from a given class without requiring fine-tuning. On the contrary, attention models are ad-hoc architectures that generate a saliency map during the inference phase to guide the decision. We show that both approaches can be divided into several subcategories and illustrate each of them with one important model or method. Second, we present the current methodologies used to evaluate saliency maps, including objective and subjective protocols, depending on whether or not they involve users. Among objective methods, we notably detail faithfulness metrics and propose an implementation featuring the faithfulness metrics discussed in this paper (https://github.com/TristanGomez44/metrics-saliency-maps).