Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of a new multi-binary classification strategy in the Weld Defects Images

The conventional techniques for identifying flaws in welds lack accuracy. However, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is vital in assessing weld quality. This paper addresses the limitations of conventional weld defect detection methods by proposing an automatic detection method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We enhance the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) approach by incorporating artificial intelligence. They construct a database of X-ray images of pipeline welds, including sixty-seven patches of manually annotated weld defect images from the GDXray database. We utilize radiography images to classify weld defects into five distinct classes. We employ a multi-binary classification strategy (MBC) using the annotated database to detect and classify weld defects automatically. This novel approach offers improved accuracy and efficiency in weld defect detection. By combining NDT with artificial intelligence, specifically CNNs, we introduce a promising detection strategy for assessing weld quality. It demonstrates the potential for enhancing weld defect identification in various industries and applications.
A staggered-arrangement EBG decoupling structure for Ku-band vehicle-mounted antennas

Ku-band (10.7-12.7GHz) vehicle-mounted mobile antenna serves as a link to satellite communication networks, which are widely used in applications such as mobile news, emergency response, and remote work. However, the electromagnetic interference and mutual coupling could disrupt the antenna performance and degrade the communication quality when it integrates multiple antennas on a vehicle platform, which is caused by the excitation and propagation of surface waves between adjacent antennas. A choke slot is commonly employed to enhance the isolation between antennas, but it diverges from the trend toward integrated circuitry and flat design in communication system development. Therefore, this paper presents a novel staggered-arrangement electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure designed on current distribution, which can effectively enhance the overall isolation level to 70 dB within the frequency range of 10.7-12.7 GHz in simulation, and realize the integration of antenna and isolation structure into circuit system. The EBG with high isolation alleviates electromagnetic interference among antennas, ensuring the consistent functionality of vehicle-mounted antennas and improving communication quality.
Evaluating the Financial Viability of Vehicle-to-Grid for Autonomous Electric Ride-Hailing Fleets

Flexibility is a key requirement for future electricity markets. While both smart charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology have emerged as critical elements to fulfill this need, V2G adoption lags behind. Fleets of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) in the ride-hailing industry offer new prospects for the adoption of V2G, but an evaluation of the economic viability remains imperative. We propose a deep reinforcement learning algorithm for an operator of a ride-hailing fleet of V2G-enabled AEVs, seeking profit-maximizing strategies for fleet (dis)charging based on passenger demand and real market prices. By empirically evaluating our algorithm using data from ride-hailing operations in Manhattan, we find that it leads to only a marginal increase in profits compared to smart charging, suggesting the need for additional incentives to encourage V2G adoption. Our findings offer insights into the potential of V2G for ride-hailing and highlight the challenges and opportunities for policymakers to consider.
Design Challenges of High Frequency High Step Ratio PCB-Based Planar Transformer for GaN Based Dual Active Bridge Converter

Printed copper board (PCB) based planar transformers are a feasible option for dc-dc bidirectional power conversion applications due to their benefits over traditional wire wound transformers. However, they pose challenges when operating at higher frequencies and power levels. These challenges become more pressing when coupled with a high step transfer ratio. The drawbacks make it difficult to employ PCB-based planar transformers for high step conversion applications. In this article, a 5 kW, 1:29, 200 kHz prototype was designed to investigate these challenges linked with PCB-based high step ratio, high frequency, and high power planar transformers. The development of the loss profile and performance assessment have both been done using finite element analysis (FEA) based simulations.
Computationally Efficient Core Losses Calculation and Thermal Evaluation Using the VBR-Based Finite Element Model of Induction Motors

Accuracy of the simulation results obtained from the FEA analysis of electric motors is highly dependent on the quality of the motor performance metrics such as motor steady state temperatures and losses. In addition such FEA analysis is typically computationally burdensome and demanding. Improving the computational burden and accuracy of core losses calculation and thermal evaluation in Time-Stepping Finite Element (TS-FE) models of induction motors is addressed in this paper. The Virtual Blocked Rotor (VBR)-based Time-Stepping Finite Element (TS-FE) technique is utilized to mitigate the numerical transient response of the induction motor FE model. The motor core losses have been calculated through the harmonic based core loss calculation that assumes variable loss coefficients as a function of magnetic flux density. In addition, the motor estimated losses, including the calculated core losses are fed to a thermal network model to estimate the temperature of different motor components.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Regulated Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Topologies for Direct 48 V to Point-of-Load Conversion

Multiple regulated hybrid switched-capacitor (SC) topologies have been proposed in previous literature for direct 48 V to point-of-load (PoL) conversion. To compare their theoretical potential, this paper establishes an analytical framework for topological characterization and performance comparison using two metrics: a) a normalized switch stress as an indicator for efficiency and b) a normalized passive component volume as an indicator for power density. Based on the proposed analytical framework, a comparative analysis of state-of-the-art 48-V-to-1-V regulated hybrid SC converters reveals that increasing the SC stage conversion ratio can reduce both metrics and thus improve both efficiency and power density at the same time.
An Efficient Discontinuous-Galerkin Integral Method for Coaxial Cable Feeding Structures

Using coaxial cables for feeding antennas or connecting different microwave components is ubiquitous in modern microwave engineering, and the method of moments (MoM) based on integral equations is a versatile approach for accurate simulation. This paper presents a novel and efficient scheme for coaxial cable structures. To avoid extremely fine mesh for the long-thin inner conductor surface of the coaxial cable, the wire model neglecting circumferential components of currents is adopted. In addition, the discontinuous Galerkin integral equation (DGIE) scheme is developed so that conformal mesh surface-wire mesh is no longer necessary. Representative numerical examples, including a shorted-circuit coaxial cable waveguide and a coaxial cable-fed monopole antenna, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Design of Low Acoustic Noise Switched Reluctance Machines

This paper focuses on improving the noise vibration and harshness (NVH) performance of switched reluctance machines (SRM) at the design stage using a novel multi-physics and multi-objective optimization design technique. The proposed design optimization takes the harmonic contents of radial force along with the electromagnetic (EM) performance parameters such as torque ripple, power density, and efficiency to optimize the key geometric parameters of the SRM. A multilevel nonlinear regression model-based fast optimization strategy is introduced, considering electromagnetic and NVH design objectives and constraints. The NVH and electromagnetics performance of the optimized 4-phase 8 slot/6 pole, 1.5 kW SRM is verified using finite element analysis (FEA). Furthermore, the performance of the optimized SRM is compared with the baseline design.
Intelligent Retrieval and Question Answering Technology for Power Grid Security Standards: A Brief Survey

With the rapid development of information technology, the smart and digital transformation of power grid has become an inevitable trend. However, this trend has brought about increasingly large and complex power grid security standard documents, posing significant challenges to power grid research and management. In order to effectively address the risks and issues related to power grid security management, this paper aims to conduct in-depth research on the intelligent retrieval and question answering techniques for power grid security standards, exploring how to intelligently process and apply power grid security standard documents.
Sparse signal reconstruction by a three-term derivative-free projection method

Sparse signal reconstruction has been successfully applied to sparse channel estimation, radar signal processing, sparse component analysis and other fields, and has became a new research hot topic in the field of signal processing. In this paper, we establish a new three-term derivative-free projection method for sparse signal reconstruction in compressive sensing by solving nonlinear monotone equations with convex constraints. The proposed method satisfies the sufficient descent property independent of any line search, and converges globally. Finally, numerical results show that this method can reconstruct sparse signal effectively and stably.
Koopman Based Control of a Boost Converter Feeding a Constant Power Load

In this paper, a Koopman based control technique is presented for voltage regulation of a boost converter feeding a constant power load (CPL). The nonlinearity of the boost converter and CPL can make the system unstable, with closed loop stability typically ensured only locally. To address these challenges, a data-driven Koopman operator approximation is developed for output voltage regulation using Koopman based model predictive control (KMPC). The tracking performance is demonstrated when the system is subject to changes in voltage reference and load power. Closed-loop simulation results are shown offline using Matlab/Simulink, and in real time using Opal RT. The KMPC problem is solved using mpcqpsolver, which allows for code generation and real time simulation, to demonstrate feasibility of online implementation of the controller.
Optimal Operation of Electricity Sales Company with Multiple VPPs Based on Stackelberg Game

This paper constructs an optimal operation strategy for electricity sales company containing multiple virtual power plants (VPPs) based on Stackelberg game. The Stackelberg game model of electricity sales company and multiple VPPs is developed to study the pricing of electricity sales company and the output strategy of VPPs in the power market, in order to balance the interests of VPPs and electricity sales company at the same time. The upper-level model devotes to maximizes the revenue of the electricity sales company and the lower-level model aims at minimizing the operating costs of VPPs. As the leader, the electricity sales company dynamically adjusts the purchase and sale prices of VPPs to guide the internal optimization of VPPs. The VPPs, as the followers, decides the purchase and sell electricity according to the price. The validity and reasonableness of the model are verified through case studies.
A MIMO ISAR Approach with Depth Camera Motion Tracking for Improved Imaging in Walk-Through Security Scanners

Microwave security screening systems detect threats based on reconstructed radar images. Hence, aiming for the best possible reconstruction results is the main target for every personnel screening system. We introduce in this paper a computationally efficient imaging algorithm, that improves the imaging results for walk-through scanner systems notably by using an additional depth camera. To achieve this, body parts of a passing human are automatically detected and tracked in the recorded depth frames. The determined trajectory is then used to create an inverse synthetic aperture, resulting in a better target illumination and image resolution. Additionally, clutter and noise are reduced compared to a single reconstructed frame. Realistic measurements with a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array, real human motions and different threat objects confirm the functionality and advantage of the proposed algorithm.
Parameters Design of Droop-Controlled Inverters Considering System Stability

The droop-controlled inverter (DCI), which can simulate the frequency and voltage behavior of synchronous generators and provide active and reactive power support for the utility grid, is universally regarded as a grid-friendly interface. In this paper, a basic parameter design outline of DCI is given first. Then, the equivalent output impendence and admittance model of the DCI is derived for parameter optimization. Based on this model, the effects of parameters on impedance characteristics and power stability are analyzed in detail. The analysis results show that improper parameters can deteriorate the performance of DCI. Therefore, the above basic parameter design outline is refined, and finally, a complete parameter tuning scheme is proposed. A 15-kVA prototype is established and tested in the laboratory. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed parameter design and optimization method.
Spiking Neuron Model with Improved Plausibility using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

This paper presents an artificial bee colony algorithm optimized Izhikevich neuron simulation, which more closely matches the various spike patterns produced by biological neurons compared to the existing works. Here, the artificial bee colony algorithm is used to find the coefficients for the approximated function of the Izhikevich model. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the obtained model closely matches with the theoretical model for the entire membrane potential range. An optimized Izhikevich neuron model is presented here, which is more biologically plausible than the existing works, and at the same time utilizes less hardware, making it suitable for neuroprosthetic applications.
A Framework for Tele-rehabilitation Gaming System

Brain damage resulting from stroke and traumatic brain injury is the primary cause of complicated disability and one of the major causes of mortality in most countries, burdening healthcare systems owing to the growth in the number of brain injury victims. Rehabilitation is required to deal with the brain damage. With fewer therapists available, it is very challenging to manage patients and even motivate them to participate actively in their rehabilitation. Patients have frequently complained that many traditional rehabilitation systems are monotonous and uninteresting. The study’s objective is to propose a telerehabilitation gaming system framework that can serve as guidance for developing an affordable rehabilitation gaming system that can motivate and engage patients and increase rehabilitation effectiveness. The research methodology is based on synthesizing related research and currently available technologies. The proposed framework includes the therapist and patient attached with vital constructs: tailoring tools, instructional content, game characteristics, tailored games, and performance. It is an internet-based communication structure that connects the Rehabilitation Gaming System to the hospital and other care provider networks. The proposed framework is evaluated by a panel of five experts. The results reveal that all experts believe that the proposed framework can serve as a useful guide for creating gaming interventions that can boost the patient’s motivation and engagement and increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation.
A 16MHz RC Oscillator with a Frequency Inaccuracy of 24ppm/°C from −40°C to 125°C Adopting Only Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistors

A relaxation oscillator adopting only positive temperature coefficient resistors is presented in this paper. Two resistors with positive temperature coefficients are utilized to compensate for the resistance temperature drift by making the charging initial voltage of RC circuit follow the value change of the resistor in the charging branch. Designed in a 40nm CMOS process, the proposed RC relaxation oscillator operates at 16MHz, with a frequency inaccuracy of 24ppm/°C from -40°C to 125°C, and a power consumption of 3.125nW/kHz.
Analysis of the Damage Characteristics of Integrated Circuits with Various Pulse Width

This research aims to propose an effective and low-cost solution for Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of integrated circuits, and comprehensively understand the impact of electrostatic discharge (ESD) on integrated circuits. The transient IV curves of integrated circuits were compared and analyzed. The transient conduction damage of integrated circuits under different pulse widths was studied. The results indicate that the comparison of transient IV curves and the characteristics of transient conduction damage have certain regularity.
Determinant of Teenage Pregnancies

The number of teenage pregnancies in Banyumas district in 1727 as a pregnant teenager less than 20 years old and young teenagers maternity by 1382 either through premarital or marital. The research was conducted in 2016 aimed to determine the factors that affect pregnancy young age in Banyumas. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The population was all pregnant women under 20 years of pregnancy and childbirth are recorded in the data in Puskesmas Jatilawang, Puskesmas I Cilongok, health center II Donates totaled 614 people. Calculation of the estimated proportion of the sample using the formula obtained 107 samples, taken using simple random sampling technique. The data collection is done by using a questionnaire that advance has been tested questionnaire to meet the validity and reliability of a measuring instrument. Yan data analysis used univariate analysis with descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis using chi square, and multivariate analysis by logistic regression. The results showed the level of education, marital status, knowledge, access to information, health care utilization, the role of the family has no effect on pregnancy young age. Attitudes and access to health information is the most dominant variable affecting the pregnancy young age.
Design of Steam-Hexane Injection Wells For Gravity Drainage Systems

The steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process has been demonstrated to be commercially viable for the recovery of bitumen from the Athabasca Oil Sands region. One of the potential long-term concerns with the process is the relatively high use of energy. The majority of the projects underway have steam-oil ratios (SOR's) in the range of 2.5 to 3.5. This translates into combustion of approximately 20 - 28% of the energy contained in the oil produced. To reduce the current level of energy consumption, many studies have investigated the addition of solvents to the steam. A small number of field trials have been conducted, with apparently encouraging results. The use of hexane, or a similar commercial grade naphtha mixture, as a solvent appears promising, as it would closely match the vapour pressure curve of steam and would tend to flow and condense with the steam. This study presents the results of numerical investigations regarding the implications of the addition of hexane to steam with respect to the design of SAGD solvent injection wells. This study found that the SOR at full depletion of a steam-hexane SAGD, in the absence of a wind-down strategy, would be improved over that for conventional SAGD only by the degree that heat losses to the over- and underburden are reduced due to more rapid bitumen production rates. At short and intermediate times, a more significant SOR improvement will result primarily from the more efficient drainage of bitumen from the chamber walls and floor, reducing the thickness of the heated formation that is undrained. It was also concluded that injection wells for steam-hexane SAGD will require the same diameter wellbores as for conventional SAGD injection wells. Existing SAGD injection wells can be directly converted to steam-hexane use as overall project economics dictate.
A Novel Single-Stage Bidirectional Isolated Three-Phase Resonant Mode AC-DC PFC Converter

This article presents a novel single-stage three-phase series-resonant dual-active-bridge (DAB) type AC-DC converter for grid-connected bidirectional application. The Y-configuration is employed on the AC side where the input capacitors and switch anti-parallel diodes can automatically lift up the AC side voltages into DC without active control. Eliminating a forehead unfolding bridge or an active rectifier stage, this topology decreases the switch count compared to existing topologies. The number of Magnetic components is also reduced by using a three-phase three-limb high-frequency transformer (TPTL-HFT). An equivalent circuit with the TPTL-HFT is derived and analyzed. A novel Fast-Fourier-Transform (FFT) based modeling method is employed to analyze the system's ZVS range, switching currents, conduction currents, and thus semiconductor losses. Simulation in PLECS is implemented to verify the model results. The total efficiency is expected to be 98.8%.
Controllable Rectification Technology with Adaptive Parameter Recognition Algorithm

At present, the three-phase rectifier bridge composed of fully controlled devices such as MOSFET and IGBT has the advantages of low harmonic content of current on the grid side, controllable output voltage on the DC side, and unit power factor operation. It has been widely used in the fields of new energy grid-connection and micro-grid system. In the rectifier bridge predictive control, model predictive control (MPC) has been widely used in recent years because of its high control accuracy, but the parameter error of model predictive controller will affect the prediction accuracy. Therefore, a controllable rectifier technology with adaptive parameter online identification algorithm is proposed to solve the model adaptation problem caused by parameter changes. The algorithm uses the least square method to calculate the input inductance and resistance of the three-phase rectifier bridge through the input current and voltage and the output voltage within each sampling period. The controller parameters can be updated online through the input voltage and current of the controller without additional sensors, so as to reduce the performance degradation caused by model parameter errors.
Development of an Open-Source Tool for Consistent Comparisons of Geolocation Algorithms

Source location, such as with angle-of-arrival triangulation time difference of arrival, or frequency difference of arrival, can be formulated in a sensor-agnostic manner, using generic expressions like the measurement function (a non-linear mapping of sensor and source coordinates to measurements), the likelihood function, the Jacobian function (gradient of the likelihood function with respect to changes it source location), and the Fisher Information Matrix. Using these generic terms, we have released an open-source MATLAB toolkit that allows for convenient comparison of performance across modalities, source location algorithms, and heterogeneous sensor networks. This paper discusses the use of the toolkit for some novel system design trades, and introduce the necessary interfaces that must be implemented to extend the toolkit with new source location algorithms or novel sensor modalities.