Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D receptor and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in the human male reproductive tract.

BACKGROUND The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in human testis, and vitamin D (VD) has been suggested to affect survival and function of mature spermatozoa. Indeed, VDR knockout mice and VD deficient rats show decreased sperm counts and low fertility. However, the cellular response to VD is complex, since it is not solely dependent on VDR expression, but also on cellular uptake of circulating VD and presence and activity of VD metabolizing enzymes. Expression of VD metabolizing enzymes has not previously been investigated in human testis and male reproductive tract. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression of VDR, VD activating (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1) and inactivating (CYP24A1) enzymes in the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle (SV), prostate and spermatozoa. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained after orchiectomy (testis n = 13; epididymis n = 7), prostatectomy (prostate n = 5 and SVs n = 3) and semen samples obtained after ejaculation (n = 13). mRNA was detected with RT-PCR and expression of proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS VDR and VD metabolizing enzymes were concomitantly expressed in round and elongated spermatids, vesicles within the caput epididymis, and glandular epithelium of cauda epididymis, SV and prostate. The expression pattern in ejaculated spermatozoa varied, although, concomitant expression of VDR, CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 was observed in neck and midpiece in a subpopulation of mature spermatozoa. CONCLUSION On the basis of the marked expression of VDR and the VD metabolizing enzymes in human testis, ejaculatory tract and mature spermatozoa, we suggest that VD is important for spermatogenesis and maturation of human spermatozoa.
Clustering Approach on Land Use Land Cover Classification of Landsat TM Over Ulu Kinta Catchment

3 Abstract: Providing accurate land use/ land cover (LULC), as an important component in remote sensing, have been a point of concern which subjected to many studies. Researchers have made great efforts in developing superior classification approaches and techniques which can lead to classification accurateness. This study was sought to investiagte LULC over Ulu Kinta Catchment in multispectral Landsat TM by clustering + approaches. The proposed technique is carried out on data from training part by per-pixel analysis in corresponding image and principal component (PCA) map to yield a better understanding of DN data set representation for each LULC classes. A version of PCA has been used on the basis of an optimum order sample correlation coefficient for enhancing the contribution of the image bands and simulating the best band combination for unsupervised classification. The result showed that in spite of overlapping in some classes, first component of PCA map enhanced discrepancies between features and could be an acceptable layer in the band combination. Furthermore, by considering band combination with the maximum separability the NDVI index map, band 3 and band 4 of Landsat TM was proposed. Initial number of cluster in the study area fixed to 30 and an unsupervised classification relate to arbitrary selection of the number of classes was carried out. The application of post-processing method to labeling clusters was also discussed and 8 major classes were represented. Additionally, the performance of the proposed band combination based on 8 classes was evaluated and the higher accuracy determined in proposed technique i.e.from 72.1% in previous study incresed to 80.1%.
Cloud based energy efficient smart cooling system

The evolution in the latest technologies, energy consumption management requires special attention while implementing a system. The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is one of such evolving technologies. We have seen enormous progress in research in the field of WSN over the recent years. The innovations in the luxury systems like home automation technologies has made comfort one of the key factor in today's life. In this paper we have integrated a comfort cooling system implemented with WSN with the cloud. Iris motes are being used as hardware for controlling and monitoring purposes. To make the system energy efficient, Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm has been used. Also the efficiency of the system is compared to that of Ad-Hoc Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. The implemented system was tested on an Earth Air Tunnel (EAT) cooling system which uses Earth's geothermal energy for cooling purposes. This system shows the versatility of WSN keeping with energy efficiency and reliable data transfer taken under consideration. This cooling system is pollution free and not CFC based cooling systems like that of Air Conditioners hence keeping the environment clean and green. The accumulated data is directly uploaded to the cloud which allows us to monitor the system from any location in the world and in order to show this we have used an android application which controls the system.
Structural validity of the Spanish Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition in a large sample of Spanish children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

ABSTRACT The factorial structure of the WISC-IV for 859 Spanish children diagnosed with ADHD was examined. A bifactor model with the four factors first identified by Wechsler (2003a) was the best fit to the data. The Coding and Symbol Search subtests were particularly poor measures of g but relatively strong measures of the Processing Speed factor. In contrast, the Block Design (BD) and Picture Concepts (PC) subtests were relatively strong measures of g but weak measures of the Perceptual Reasoning factor. In fact, 80% of the BD variance and 97.8% of the PC variance and was due to the general factor. Additionally, the Wechsler bifactor model was invariant across ADHD-Combined and ADHD-Inattentive groups, permitting a direct comparison of WISC-IV across children diagnosed with these subtypes of ADHD. Only the FSIQ exhibited robust estimates of reliability (ω = .85 and ωh = .70). In contrast, the group factor scores were unreliable measures of their proposed underlying factors (ωhs coefficients ranging from .14 to .50). It is unlikely that WISC-IV index score profiles can validly contribute to ADHD assessments. Consequently, clinicians must produce psychometric evidence to justify the interpretation of Wechsler score profiles for children with ADHD.
FOSTERING PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH THROUGH INNOVATION AND TRADE

A mericans have always believed in building a better future. Each generation has strived to pass on higher standards of living to their children than they themselves experienced. And for most of American history, this goal has been realized. Per capita income has risen strongly for most of the past two centuries. Such economic growth stems from a number of factors. Investment in skills and education, or human capital, is a key determinant. The United States has a long history of investing in people, and this has enabled American workers to be among the most productive in the world. Investment in physical capital is also important. The tremendous accumulation of machines, buildings, and infrastructure has been a source of America's prosperity, and times of particularly great investment, such as the 1950s and 1960s, have been times of particularly rapid advances in standards of living. Because investing in people and capital is important to the maintenance and growth of standards of living, the President has fashioned an ambitious agenda of improvements in education, incentives for investment , and financial regulatory reform to ensure that we have the financial system needed to support such investment. These initiatives have been described in detail in earlier chapters. But as important as investments in labor and capital have been and will continue to be, they are not the only sources of growth. A third, more amorphous factor has also played a central role in American economic growth: advances in the overall productivity of that labor and capital. One need only think of a few of the technological changes of the past century— the airplane, antibiotics, computers, fiber-optic cables, and the Internet—to see that technological discovery and innovation are central to improved standards of living. Such innovations not only make us richer as a country, they have the potential to fundamentally alter the very way we live our lives and interact with one another.
Racial differences in mortality among Medicare recipients after treatment for localized prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer mortality is higher among black American men than among white American men. We investigated whether racial disparities in outcomes of clinically localized prostate cancer vary by treatment (surgery, radiation therapy, or nonaggressive treatment). METHODS Merged Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) and Medicare files provided data (on treatment modality, age, race, cancer stage, tumor grade, census tract socioeconomic status, and date of death) on 5747 black and 38 242 white patients diagnosed at age 65-84 years with clinically localized prostate cancer between 1986 and 1996 in five SEER sites. Patients were followed through 1998. Racial differences in survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models. RESULTS The median survival time for black patients was 1.7 years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6 to 1.9 years) less than that for white patients. Median survival in black patients relative to white patients was 1.8 years (95% CI = 1.5 to 2.0 years) less among those who had surgery, 0.7 years (95% CI = 0.5 to 1.0 years) less among those who had radiation therapy, and 1.0 years (95% CI = 0.7 to 1.1 years) less among those who had nonaggressive treatment. Racial disparities were evident both in overall survival and in prostate cancer-specific survival, before and after statistical adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Black patients' poorer overall survival from localized prostate cancer varies by initial treatment, with the survival gap being largest among patients undergoing surgery. Investigating these treatment-specific differences may clarify the mechanisms underlying worse outcomes for black patients in the health care system.
Dynamic C++ Classes - A Lightweight Mechanism to Update Code in a Running Program

Techniques for dynamically adding new code to a running program already exist in various operating systems, programming languages and runtime environments. Most of these systems have not found their way into common use, however, since they require programmer retraining and invalidate previous software investments. In addition, many of the systems are too high-level for performance-critical applications. This paper presents an implementation of dynamic classes for the C++ language. Dynamic classes allow run-time updates of an executing C++ program at the class level. Our implementation is a lightweight proxy class that exploits only common C++ features and can be compiled with most modern compilers. The proxy supports version updates of existing classes as well as the introduction of new classes. Our language choice and proxy implementation is targeted towards performance-critical applications such as low-level networking in which the use of C++ is already widespread.
Improved Textual Cyberbullying Detection Using Data Mining

The most common definition of bullying is based on Olweus’s (1991, 1993) definition, which states that ‘‘A person is being bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons’’. Internet and its applications have become more popular in this age. The new generation spends a lot of their time on social networking websites and shares their personal information with friends and sometimes makes them public. This information can be of advantage for the bullies to bull innocent people just for their fun, thus required an advance and appropriate data analysis system by which we can prevent users to get bulled. As electronic aggression is basically using internet for the intention of harming others. Mostly cyberbullying is done through social networks, text messaging, chat rooms, emails etc . and the common topics around which cyberbullying revolves are physical appearance, race and ethnicity ,sexuality and sexual identity ,intelligence , social acceptance and rejection etc. In this paper we are giving a survey on cyberbullying then according to that, we will design and implement a social networking web site by which we can simulate bullying, and prevent the users to get bulled. Moreover we will provide a case study and the performance study of our system.
Joint Determination of Power and Decoding Order for Successive Inter- and Intra-Cell Interference Cancellation

The performance of multiple access systems mainly depends on the management of interference arising from both intra-cell and inter-cell transmission. Successive interference cancellation (SIC) is a promising approach to manage interference in both the practical and information theoretic senses. Because the messages of the cell boundary users are likely to be decoded not only at the serving base station but also at an adjacent base station, it is possible to subtract inter-cell interference of the cell boundary users before SIC of the intra-cell users. This is the motivation of our work. In this paper, we first decode the messages of the adjacent cell boundary users and subtract them, and then perform SIC within the serving users. It shows better performance compared to the conventional schemes with the SIC within the serving users only.
Socioecological pressures, proximal psychological mechanisms and moral normativity. Situating Tomasello’s Natural History of Human Morality

ABSTRACT The article divides into two parts. The first situates Tomasello’s A Natural History of Human Morality in the context of other attempts to explain morality’s evolutionary origins. It focuses in particular on two specific features whose genesis Tomasello aims to reconstruct: first, the proximate psychological mechanisms he takes to be requisite to moral thought and behavior, and second, the normative concepts he believes are deployed by agents with the relevant cognitive and motivational structure. The second part of the article introduces the eight commentaries by biologists, a psychologist, and philosophers on Tomasello’s monograph that are collected in this special issue of Philosophical Psychology.
Bayesian modelling of inseparable space-time variation in disease risk.

This paper proposes a unified framework for a Bayesian analysis of incidence or mortality data in space and time. We introduce four different types of prior distributions for space x time interaction in extension of a model with only main effects. Each type implies a certain degree of prior dependence for the interaction parameters, and corresponds to the product of one of the two spatial with one of the two temporal main effects. The methodology is illustrated by an analysis of Ohio lung cancer data 1968-1988 via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. We compare the fit and the complexity of several models with different types of interaction by means of quantities related to the posterior deviance. Our results confirm an epidemiological hypothesis about the temporal development of the association between urbanization and risk factors for cancer.
Marginal Differentiation between the Sexual and General Carotenoid Pigmentation of Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and a Possible Visual Explanation

We present the first detailed analysis of carotenoid pigmentation of the integument of guppies (Poecilia reticulata Peters), quantifying variation in carotenoid content and composition of wild guppies from three drainages on Trinidad (1) between the sexual and general pigmentation of males, (2) between the sexes, and (3) geographically in relation to carotenoid availability. We report that the carotenoid pigments in the integument of guppies are predominantly esters of tunaxanthin. The peak wavelength of carotenoids in the orange spots of males lay only ca. 2.8 nm higher than that of pigments outside of the orange spots, and the peak wavelength of carotenoids in the male whole integument does not differ from that in the female whole integument. Carotenoid composition of the general integument of females and the non‐orange spot fraction of males, but not of the orange spot fraction of males, varied with diet, correlating with the ratio beta‐carotene to lutein in the different streams. Male guppies deposit higher concentrations of carotenoids in their orange spots than in the rest of the integument (five to nine times higher), but not at the expense of the general integument, which was similarly endowed as the general integument of females, even in carotenoid‐poor streams. Presumably males absorb/retain more pigments than females. Photoreceptor‐based simulations suggest that tunaxanthin provides both greater brightness and chroma than would 4‐keto‐carotenoids such as astaxanthin.
Lymphocytes favor the attachment of CD11A-targeted microbubbles with endothelial cells in vitro

Ultrasound molecular imaging may provide new insights into the early detection and diagnose of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis as well as inflammations by the attachment of various targeted contrast agents with disordered endothelium. However, molecular imaging of disordered endothelium in large and middle-sized arteries by site-specific accumulation of contrast agents is still difficult to achieve due to wall shear stress conditions in these vessels. Here, we provided an alternative strategy to improve the attachment of targeted contrast agents with endothelium with the aid of lymphocytes. Given the fact that lymphocytes are naturally equipped to adhere selectively to endothelium and to resist physiologic shear stresses in large- and middle-sized arteries, in this study, the targeted microbubbles were prepared by conjugating anti-CD11a antibodies to the biotinylated microbubbles through biotin-avidin linkage. The resulting targeted microbubbles were able to bind with TNF-α-stimulated lymphocytes, which could also adhere to murine endothelial bEnd.3 cells at same time. The number of adhered microbubbles increased in concomitant with elevation of TNF-α concentration, with mean 4 ± 4, 7 ± 4, 21 ± 9 and 103 ± 13 microbubbles per view field (200 ×) for 0.4, 2, 10 and 50 ng/ml of TNF-α stimulation, respectively. In contrast, fewer targeted microbubbles adhered to the TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells without assistance of lymphocytes. These findings suggested that lymphocytes might be useful as a vehicle of targeted microbubbles to increase the site-specific accumulation of targeted ultrasound contrast agent and have potential application to ultrasound molecular imaging of cardiovascular diseases.
RECONSTRUCTION OF COSMOLOGICAL INITIAL CONDITIONS FROM GALAXY REDSHIFT CATALOGUES

We present and test a new method for the reconstruction of cosmological initial conditions from a full-sky galaxy catalogue. This method, called ZTRACE, is based on a self-consistent solution of the growing mode of gravitational instabilities according to the Zel’dovich approximation and higher order in Lagrangian perturbation theory. Given the evolved redshift-space density field, smoothed on some scale, ZTRACE finds via an iterative procedure, an approximation to the initial density field for any given set of cosmological parameters; real-space densities and peculiar velocities are also reconstructed. The method is tested by applying it to N-body simulations of an Einstein-de Sitter and an open cold dark matter universe. It is shown that errors in the estimate of the density contrast dominate the noise of the reconstruction. As a consequence, the reconstruction of real space density and peculiar velocity fields using non-linear algorithms is little improved over those based on linear theory. The use of a mass-preserving adaptive smoothing, equivalent to a smoothing in Lagrangian space, allows an unbiased (although noisy) reconstruction of initial conditions, as long as the (linearly extrapolated) density contrast does not exceed unity. The probability distribution function of the initial conditions is recovered to high precision, even for Gaussian smoothing scales of � 5 h 1 Mpc, except for the tail at � � 1. This result is insensitive to the assumptions of the background cosmology.
HOW MUSIC MAKES US FEEL by ALEXANDER ECONOMIDES Under the Direction of

According to folk psychology, instrumental music regularly elicits emotions in listeners. Philosophers and psychologists such as Kivy, Konecni and Zangwill have questioned the existence of these musically elicited emotions, arguing that instrumental music elicits moods or aesthetic judgments rather than emotions. I defend the folk psychological position against these skeptics. The first chapter sets up the debate surrounding musically elicited emotions, while chapters two and three defend the thesis that instrumental music elicits emotions against the critics’ arguments. Chapter four outlines the implications of this defense for a variety of fields. INDEX WORDS: Emotion, Affect, Mood, Cognitivism, Music, Aesthetics, Psychology, Memory, Expectation HOW MUSIC MAKES US FEEL
HVDC Transmission System Using 6-Pulse IGBT Converter 39 III

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology has characteristics which makes it especially attractive in certain transmission applications. The number of HVDC projects committed or under consideration globally has increased in recent years reflecting a renewed interest in this field proven technology. New HVDC converter designs and improvements in conventional HVDC design have contributed to this trend. This paper proposes a simple 6-Pulse HVDC transmission system which can cater to the need of agricultural applications in India. It also provides an overview of the rationale for selection of HVDC technology and describes some of the latest technical developments.
Economic Perspectives on Digital Marketing

The rapid proliferation of business-to-consumer electronic commerce makes it an imperative to investigate marketing strategies for online shopping and to reexamine existing knowledge and assumptions regarding traditional marketing channels in the context of Internet technologies and characteristics. Microeconomics provides a rich foundation for analyzing issues pertaining to location, selling format (including the provision of product information by sellers, renting versus selling, and market mechanisms), product pricing, information asymmetry and the role of electronic intermediaries, and the nature of competition between the Internet and physical channels. Analyses of the above online marketing issues based on microeconomic theories tend to suggest different, if not opposite, implications than those obtained from a purely technological perspective.