Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methionine metabolism and ethylene formation in etiolated pea stem sections.

Stem sections of etiolated pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) were incubated overnight on tracer amounts of l-[U-(14)C]methionine and, on the following morning, on 0.1 millimolar indoleacetic acid to induce ethylene formation. Following the overnight incubation, over 70% of the radioactivity in the soluble fraction was shown to be associated with S-methylmethionine (SMM). The specific radioactivity of the ethylene evolved closely paralleled that of carbon atoms 3 and 4 of methionine extracted from the tissue and was always higher than that determined for carbon atoms 3 and 4 of extracted SMM.Overnight incubation of pea stem sections on 1 millimolar methionine enhanced indoleacetic acid-induced ethylene formation by 5 to 10%. Under the same conditions, 1 millimolar homocysteine thiolactone increased ethylene synthesis by 20 to 25%, while SMM within a concentration range of 0.1 to 10 millimolar did not influence ethylene production. When unlabeled methionine or homocysteine thiolactone was applied to stem sections which had been incubated overnight in l-[U-(14)C]methionine, the specific radioactivity of the ethylene evolved was considerably lowered. Application of unlabeled SMM reduced the specific radioactivity of ethylene only slightly.
The impact of neuropsychological functioning on treatment outcome in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Background: Scant research has examined the effect of neuropsychological (NP) functioning on treatment outcome in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). This study sought to address this gap in existing research. Methods: A total of 63 youths were included in this study and asked to complete the Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) and specific subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition (WISC‐III). Results: Analyses suggest that 5 min recall accuracy (raw score) and percent recall from the ROCF, assessed before treatment may be predictors of treatment response among children with OCD. What is more, exploratory post hoc analyses indicated that performance on these ROCF tasks is particularly relevant among youths receiving cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT) alone. These results may be driven by executive functioning ability. Additional analyses suggest a relationship between age, symptom severity, and NP functioning on select tasks from both the ROCF and WISC‐III. Conclusions: Although alternative explanations exist, these findings suggest that poorer performance on the ROCF and, in turn, poorer response to treatment, particularly among those youths receiving CBT alone, may be due to executive functioning difficulties. Clinicians and researchers should be sensitive to this fact and may warrant modification(s) to existing treatment protocols. Limitations to this study, however, suggest the need for replication and extension of these findings in the future. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of Barriers to Development of Organizational Justice

Justice has always been considered as a basic requirement for collective life of human beings throughout history. Today, given the pervasive and comprehensive role of organizations in human's social life, the role of justice in organizations has been more and more obvious. The development of organizational justice aims to develop a proper theory and the attempt to achieve consensus about. Accordingly, after being reached to a consensus on theory and objective and strategies and policies, success in accomplishing organizational justice depends on the factors such as environment, size, technology, context of power and control and the common language and culture in the organization. Theories related to justice have been developed in parallel to the development and progress of human society and its range has been drawn from theories on religions and philosophies to empirical research. After the Industrial Revolution and the mechanization of human society, organizations have as dominated on human life as they directly depends on organizations from birth to death and life today is unimaginable without the existence of organizations. Therefore, the application of justice in a community depends on justice in organizations. The result achieved is recognizing three types of justice namely distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice in organizations. It has been tried in this article to take into consideration these three types of justice and the issues associated with.
Feasibility of SDN-based vertical handover between bluetooth and Wi-Fi

In natural disasters, when essential network infrastructures are destroyed, Bluetooth networking can be a potential candidate to connect devices directly at a low cost and with little energy consumption. However, it typically permits short range communications, i.e., 10 meters. To communicate over a longer distance, the network needs more nodes or the nodes use another technology such as Wi-Fi. The Wi-Fi technology offers a wider communication coverage but it consumes more energy. Therefore, when two nodes change their connection from one wireless network to another due to the power limitation and the communication coverage, a vertical handover is necessary to maintain the ongoing session between them. In this paper, the performance of handover between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi is evaluated in a real testbed. The communication behavior of the system components is also described in order to explain why the delay in switching a TCP traffic from one accessing network to the other is less than 200ms. In case of UDP traffic, the results show that the jitter is mostly under 1ms, however, the packet loss rate varies from 1.6% to 5%. The results also show that the system saves the power consumption by activating both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth interfaces within a period of time as small as the handover delay.
Who is the Customer of Public Agricultural Extension/Education Services?

Agricultural extension education services (AEES) have three major characteristics that complicate their marketing: first, these are ‘rural services’ that are heavily influenced by the ‘rurality’ of their field of action; second, their aim is to promote intangible behavioural changes which inevitably are considered by the potential customers as risky; third, their orientation is usually non-profit. However, there is a surprising lack of studies regarding the marketing of AEES. The aim of this research is to segment rural population based on the usage rate of public AEES and to depict the relative influence of the importance assigned on both services relationship attributes and motivational drivers to this classification. After a random sampling procedure, 202 peasants from the region of Thessaly, Greece participated in the study. Our findings revealed three segments: the ‘Conveniencers’, who are the heavy users of public AEES; the ‘Analysts’, who, although are regular users of AEES, are light users of public services and assign higher importance to the service delivery attributes; and the grey segment of ‘Objective Hunters’, who are occasional seekers of AEES and are primarily motivated by their expectation to gain benefits related to their farm enterprise. Our findings also demonstrate that public rural services have failed to build sustainable relationships with the rural population.
AMEE Medical Education Guide No. 15: Problem-based learning: a practical guide.

This practical guide for health professions teachers provides a perspective of one of the most important educational developments in the past 30 years.Problem-based learning (PBL) is a continuum of approaches rather than one immutable process. It is a teaching method that can be included in the teacher's tool-kit along with other teaching methods rather than used as the sole educational strategy.PBL reverses the traditional approach to teaching and learning. It starts with individual examples or problem scenarios which stimulate student learning. In so doing, students arrive at general principles and concepts which they then generalize to other situations. PBL has many advantages. It facilitates the acquisition of generic competences, encourages a deep approach to learning and prepares students for the adult learning approach they need for a lifetime of learning in the health care professions. It is also fun. PBL helps in curriculum planning by defining core, ensuring relevance of content, integrating student learning and providing prototype cases. There are also drawbacks associated with PBL. Students may fail to develop an organized framework for their knowledge. The PBL process may inhibit good teachers sharing their enthusiasm for their topic with students and student identification with good teachers.Teachers may not have the skills to facilitate PBL.The problem scenario is of crucial significance. It should engage the students' interest and be skilfully written. While the medium selected for presentation of the scenario is usually print, other media may be used.The clinical tasks carried out by the student may replace the problem scenario as the focus for learning.Students are supported during the PBL process by tutors and/or study guides.The amount of support required is inversely related to the students' prior learning and understanding of the PBL process. A range of additional learning resources and opportunities may be made available to the students, including textbooks, videotapes, computer-based material, lectures and clinical sessions. Tutors require group facilitation skills, an understanding of the PBL process and knowledge of the course and of the curriculum in general.They need special personal qualities and it is preferable if they have expertise in the content area.While special assessment processes have been developed to assess students learning by the PBL method, the general principles of assessment apply to PBL courses and a mixed menu of assessment methods needs to be employed. Curriculum design involves a skilful blend of educational strategies designed to help students achieve the curriculum outcomes. PBL may make a valuable contribution to this blend but attention needs to be paid to how it is implemented.
Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites

This study inquires as to the nature of racial regularities in residual voting that exist under post–Help America Vote Act conditions. Even with modern, optical scan voting machines, there were significant differences among black, Hispanic, and white residual vote rates in the city of Chicago during the Municipal Election of 2011 and the Illinois General Election of 2010. Moreover, these residual vote rates varied with the availability of, respectively, black, Hispanic, and white candidates for office. Hispanics often had the highest residual vote rates among the three major race groups in Chicago, and there were instances in the aforementioned 2011 and 2010 Chicago elections in which a group of voters chose not to vote for anyone rather than vote for a dominant candidate of a different race than the voters themselves. Thus, even holding constant electoral administration and voting technology, the role of race in residual voting remains prominent.
Nontraditional Women Persisting in Community College to Meet Their Educational Goals

RELATIONSHIP BARRIERS OF WOMEN IN POVERTY SEEKING TO MEET THEIR HIGHER EDUCATION GOALS Very little research has been done about the role of relationships of women in poverty seeking higher education goals. A grounded theory, qualitiative approach, was used to organize and interpret the data of study, a naturalistic inquiry of women’s lives firsthand. As a group of 30 women began to be interviewed, saturation was reached when a common set of propositions emerged with one overall identifying theme: the power of relationships. This study found that women identified reliable and positive relationships that helped them persist. They also identified the one relationship that became a barrier to persistence in achieving their college goals: their mothers.
Moment-based human motion recognition from the representation of DMHI templates

This paper presents a noble appearance-based recognition approach of human motion and gestures of several peoplespsila several actions from uncalibrated camera by employing motion history-based representation. It employs the basic motion history image-based and the directional motion history image-based representation and then exploits these motion templates to recognize various motions having more than one motion direction or complex motion. Traditionally, the basic MHI approach used seven Hu moments for feature vector calculation. This paper analyzed the implementation of a better feature vector calculation for our directional approach. We tried with two different feature vector sets for Hu moment. Moreover, due to its better performance, we computed another feature vector set based on the top twelve orders of Zernike moments. Due to computational cost, we finally ignored to employ Zernike moments for the DMHI template for recognition. This new feature vector calculation approach can reduce the calculation and shows good recognition rate. Finally, this paper raised some future concerns of this method.
Fluctuation of Antiviral Resistance in the Intestinal Tracts of Nude Mice Infected with a Mouse Adenovirus

Oral administration of adenovirus strain K87 to BALB/c nude mice resulted in viral proliferation in the intestinal tract up to around week 6 at which point replication was suppressed. In other words, the host acquired resistance. However, this resistance was temporary and the viral infection persisted over a long period with repeated periods of proliferation and resistance. That the appearance of this resistance is the result of infecting mice with the virus and is not due to age difference per se was made clear through experimentation with nude mice of different age groups. However, it was indicated that increase in age is involved in the decreased rate of reproliferation following initial suppression. No evidence of the virus was obtained from any other organ throughout the infection. Furthermore, throughout the persistent infection, even during the aforementioned periods of resistance, no neutralizing antibody was detected from sera, intestinal wall or intestinal content. When spleen cells from BALB/c heterozygous littermate mice was transferred to the nude mice, an earlier onset of antiviral resistance was seen than in nude mice without the transfer, and this was accompanied by a rise in neutralizing antibody titer. From these results, it is believed that the resistance characteristic of nude mice infected by mouse adenovirus is dependent on some factor other than the neutralizing antibody invoked resistance exhibited by euthymic mice.
Beef production from silage 1. The voluntary intake and live-weight gain of beef cattle given red clover silage

1. The primary growth of a tetraploid red clover was cut from 17 to 19 June and ensiled with formic acid at 3·81/t fresh crop (F), equal volumes of formic acid and formalin at 9 11/t (67 g formaldehyde per kg crude protein) (FF) or wilted and ensiled without additive (W). The silages were given ad libitum either alone or with supplements of dried grass or barley/fish meal at 6·7 g dry matter per kg live weight to 45 British Friesian male castrates, initially 3 months old and 104 kg live-weight. 2. The use of formaldehyde reduced the concentration of fermentation acids and of ammonia-nitrogen in the silage. Wilting the crop increased silage dry-matter content by 74g/kg fresh weight but this silage had the highest concentration of fermentation acids and of ammonia-nitrogen. 3. Digestibilities of diets containing silage FF were lower than those of diets containing silages F and W except when silage FF was supplemented with dried grass (interaction P 4. The intake of silage W was on average higher than that of silages F and FF (P 5. The results are discussed in relation to the possible effect of treatments on the supply of rumen-degradable protein and of amino acids to the animal.
Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: An Outcome Analysis

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical management of gynecomastia focusing on techniques, complications, and aesthetic results. The authors also proposed an evaluation scale of the cosmetic results after the treatment. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 113 patients undergoing the surgery for gynecomastia in our department. Preoperative clinical evaluation included the grade of gynecomastia, its etiology, and side, whereas postoperative analysis concerned histologic findings, complications, and cosmetic results. ResultsOperative techniques included subcutaneous mastectomy through circumareolar approach in 94 patients, subcutaneous mastectomy with skin excision in 9 patients, inverted-T reduction mastopexy with nipple-areola complex (NAC) transposition in 6 subjects, and breast amputation through inframammary fold approach with free transplantation of NAC in 4 cases. Complications occurred in a total of 25 patients and did not differ statistically within Simon stages. ConclusionsThe operative technique appeared to be the crucial determinant of good aesthetic outcome. The postoperative result of shape and symmetry of the NAC was not as satisfactory as postoperative breast size and symmetry. We showed that subcutaneous mastectomy using a circumareolar incision without additional liposuction provides a good or very good aesthetic outcome in patients with Simon grades I to IIa gynecomastia and that it is challenging to achieve a very good or even a good aesthetic outcome in patients with Simon grades IIb to III gynecomastia.
The human diving response, its function, and its control

The purpose of this review is to outline the physiological responses associated with the diving response, its functional significance, and its cardiorespiratory control. This review is separated into four major sections. Section one outlines the diving response and its physiology. Section two provides support for the hypothesis that the primary role of the diving response is the conservation of oxygen. The third section describes how the diving response is controlled and provides a model that illustrates the cardiorespiratory interaction. Finally, the fourth section illustrates potential adaptations that result after regular exposure to an asphyxic environment. The cardiovascular and endocrine responses associated with the diving response and apnea are bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and an increase in secretion of suprarenal catecholamines. These responses require the integration of both the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system. The primary role of the diving response is likely to conserve oxygen for sensitive brain and heart tissue and to lengthen the time before the onset of serious hypoxic damage. We suggest that future research should be focused towards understanding the role of altered ventilatory responses in human breath‐hold athletes as well as in patients suffering from sleep‐disordered breathing.
Malignant Transformation of a Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNET) Characterized by Genome-Wide Methylation Analysis

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNET) are considered to be rare, benign, and associated with chronic epilepsy. We present the case of a 28-year-old man with a history of epilepsy since age 12. Surgery of an occipital cortical lesion in 2009 revealed a DNET. Five years later, a recurrent tumor at the edge of the resection cavity was removed, and the tissue underwent an intensive diagnostic workup. The first tumor was unequivocally characterized as a DNET, but neuropathological diagnostics of the recurrent tumor revealed a glioblastoma. After 6 months, another recurrent tumor was detected next to the location of the original tumor, and this was also resected. An Illumina 450 K beadchip methylation array was performed to characterize all of the tumors. The methylation profile of these tumors significantly differed from other glioblastoma and epilepsy-associated tumor profiles and revealed a DNET-like methylation profile. Thus, molecular characterization of these recurrent tumors suggests malignant transformation of a previously benign DNET. We found increased copy number changes in the recurrent DNET tumors after malignant transformation. Modern high-throughput analysis adds essential molecular information in addition to standard histopathology for proper identification of rare brain tumors that present with an unusual clinical course.
UCD CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC RESEARCH

In an observational learning environment rational agents may mimic the actions of the predecessors even when their own signal suggests the opposite. In case early movers’ signals happen to be incorrect society may settle on a common inefficient action, resulting in an inefficient informational cascade. This paper models observational learning in continuous time with endogenous timing of moves. This permits the analysis of comparative statics results. The effect of an increase in signal quality on the likelihood of an inefficient cascade is shown to be nonmonotonic. If agents do not have strong priors, an increase in signal quality may lead to a higher probability of inefficient herding. The analysis also suggests that markets with quick response to investment decisions, such as financial markets, may be more prone to inefficient collapses.
Some Mistakes in the Rubinstein Bargaining Model

Bargaining is about how to split a pie between two persons. This paper reveals the inconsistency of the Rubinstein (1982) bargaining model. Its algebra is not correctly reflected by his Edgeworth box. Although an Edgeworth box guarantees complete exhaustion of the resource, it contains two pies. The Cournot competition model, the underlying theory of the Rubinstein model, leads to deadlock without agreement.
Neutrophil elastase and elastase-rich cystic fibrosis sputum degranulate human eosinophils in vitro.

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and their proinflammatory constituents are important mediators of airway disease, and high levels of neutrophil proteases and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) are found in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). To investigate whether neutrophil proteases or CF sputum causes eosinophil degranulation, purified eosinophils from atopic asthmatic subjects were incubated for 2 h with neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and CF sputum, and the release of ECP was measured. We found that the percent release of ECP was higher after incubation with neutrophil elastase (10(-5) M) than with a buffer control [6.1 +/- 0.8 (SE) vs. 1.7 +/- 0.1%; P < 0.003] and represented >50% of the release caused by positive controls [Ca2+ ionophore A-23187 (5 x 10(-6) M) or serum-coated Sephadex beads]. The release of ECP after incubation with cathepsin G (2.3 +/- 0.2%) and CF sputum (6.2 +/- 2.0%) was also significantly higher than that with a buffer control (P < 0.05). Neutralization of free elastase activity with alpha1-proteinase inhibitor reduced the mean percent degranulation of eosinophils by neutrophil elastase by 50% (P = 0.0004) and by CF sputum by 75% (P = 0.02). Preincubation of eosinophils with cytochalasin B (10 mg/ml) and depletion of the incubation medium of Ca2+ also significantly attenuated degranulation of eosinophils incubated with purified free neutrophil elastase or CF sputum (P < 0.05). We conclude that neutrophil proteases, especially neutrophil elastase, and elastase-rich CF sputum cause degranulation of eosinophils in a mechanism partially dependent on Ca2+ and actin filaments.