Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Illegal Alibi Activities, Corroborator Involvement and Corroborator Certainty on Mock Juror Perceptions1

Undergraduate mock jurors (N = 360) received a mock police report and trial in which a suspect was accused of rape. The suspect offered one of three alibis: a sexually salacious and illegal alibi, a non-sexually salacious and illegal alibi, and a control condition. The corroborator either helped or observed him in his illegal alibi activities and was either 100 or 80% sure she was with him that night. Alibi salaciousness did not significantly affect alibi believability although it had a significant impact on views of the defendant's and corroborator's characters, corroborator believability, and verdict certainty. The non-sexually salacious alibi generally led to higher ratings on these measures in comparison with the control condition. Corroborator certainty had significant effects on perceptions of the corroborator.
DAG Drawing from an Information Visualization Perspective

When dealing with a graph, any visualization strategy must rely on a layout procedure at least to initiate the process. Because the visualization process evolves within an interactive environment the choice of this layout procedure is critical and will often be based on efficiency. This paper compares two popular layout strategies, one based on the extraction of a spanning tree, the other based on edge crossing minimization of directed acyclic graphs. The comparison is made based on a large number of experimental evidence gathered through random graph generation. The main conclusion of these experiments is that, contrary to the popular belief, usage of edge crossing minimization algorithms may be extremely useful and advantageous, even under the heavy requirements of information visualization.
COMP 4801 – Interim Report Object Recognition with Videos

Object recognition is an interesting task in computer vision with a wide range of real world applications. While object recognition in still images has achieved impressive performance, video inputs are much less experimented with. Due to motion blur and other complexities, still image methods directly applied to videos frames usually cannot yield satisfying results, which calls for the need to better study and incorporate temporal information in videos. In this project, the baseline framework is chosen to be T-CNN [1] , which leverages video's temporal and contextual information by motion propagation and tracking. However, T-CNN framework is time consuming, and does not incorporate temporal information in the still-image detections. This project therefore attempts to address these two issues through three proposed modifications, with an objective to increase the mean Average Precision for on ImageNet VID task [2]. At this stage, a performance baseline is obtained, and the first modification is completed. Remaining modifications will be carried out in the second semester.
Enhancing Medical Image Segmentation Performance with Transfer Learning

Switch learning is a powerful way to improve a device learning model's performance by leveraging previously educated networks. This paper presents how switch-gaining knowledge can be used for medical photograph segmentation. primarily, it researches the problem of pulmonary nodule segmentation from CT scans and investigates the potential of switch mastering to improve segmentation performance. The authors proposed using switch studying to examine other present networks and then excellent song down the layers of the community for scientific image segmentation for you to better understand and convey nodules' segmentations. The authors tested their approach on the publicly available LIDC-IDRI dataset and found massive upgrades, with the switch getting-to-know approach outperforming a baseline technique. The results of this look at how the capacity of switch getting to know for boosting scientific picture segmentation performance.
An Offset-Canceling Triple-Stage Sensing Circuit for Deep Submicrometer STT-RAM

Spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) is considered to be a leading candidate for next-generation memory. As technology scales, however, the sensing margin of STT-RAM is significantly degraded because of increased process variation. Furthermore, the sensing current should be <;20 μA to protect the read disturbance in the beyond 45-nm technology, leading to a further decrease in the sensing margin. To achieve a target yield of six sigma in the beyond 45-nm technology with a sensing current of <;20 μA, an offset-canceling triple-stage (OCTS) sensing circuit is proposed in this brief. The OCTS sensing circuit can overcome the sensing margin and read disturbance problems by sacrificing the sensing time. Monte Carlo HSPICE simulation results using a 45-nm technology model show that the OCTS sensing circuit achieves a target yield of six sigma (96.74% for 32 Mb) with a sensing current of 20 μA and a sensing time of 6.4 ns.
Bell Labs connected digit databases for telephone speech recognition

We describe Bell Labs connected digits databases (BLCD), which were collected over the landline telephone networks. The BLCD databases were designed to provide a standard benchmark for evaluating the performances of different connected digit recognition systems. It is also a vehicle for research and diagnosis of specific problems in automatic connected digit recognition. We first describe the content and the organization of the BLCD databases, and then present an automatic database verification procedure utilizing automatic speech recognition (ASR). For reference, we present automatic speech recognition performance on a set of the databases using the Bell Labs ASR system. For the databases with good recording conditions, the word-error rates can be less than 1%. In order to promote speech science and technology for real world applications, we make this database available for the speech community.
Transcription, translation, and cellular localization of three Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus structural proteins: ODV-E18, ODV-E35, and ODV-EC27.

This paper identifies two structural proteins of the occluded derived viral envelope of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV): ODV-E18 and ODV-E35. In addition, we identify a protein, ODV-EC27, that is incorporated into the capsid of occluded virus, which is not detected in budded virus. The genes for these proteins reside within the IE0 intron. The intron was sequenced, and five open reading frames (ORF) were identified. ORF 3 (genomic ORF 143) codes for the ODV envelope protein, ODV-E18. ORF 4 (genomic ORF 144) codes for ODV-EC27, and Western blot analyses locate this protein to both the ODV capsid and envelope. Transcripts for both ODV-E18 and ODV-EC27 initiate from conserved TAAG motifs, and transcripts are detected from 16 through 72 hr p.i. Antiserum to ODV-E18 recognizes a band of 18 kDa on Western blots of extracts from infected cells and bands of 18 and 35 kDa on Western blots of proteins from purified ODV envelope. N-terminal amino acid sequencing reveals that both ODV-E18 and ODV-E35 contain the same N-terminus. Antiserum to ODV-EC27 recognizes a protein of 27 kDa on Western blots of extracts from infected cells and bands of 27 and 35 kDa on Western blots of proteins from purified ODV. Using immunogold labeling techniques, ODV-E18 and/or ODV-E35 are detected in viral induced intranuclear microvesicles and are not detected in the plasma membrane, cytoplasmic membranes, or the nuclear envelope. Immunogold labeling using antisera to ODV-EC27 detects this protein on both the ODV envelope and capsid.
Random Access for Machine-Type Communication Based on Bloom Filtering

We present a random access method inspired on Bloom filters that is suited for Machine-Type Communications (MTC). Each accessing device sends a signature during the contention process. A signature is constructed using the Bloom filtering method and contains information on the device identity and the connection establishment cause. We instantiate the proposed method over the current LTE-A access protocol. However, the method is applicable to a more general class of random access protocols that use preambles or other reservation sequences, as expected to be the case in 5G systems. We show that our method utilizes the system resources more efficiently and achieves significantly lower connection establishment latency in case of synchronous arrivals, compared to the variant of the LTE-A access protocol that is optimized for MTC traffic. A dividend of the proposed method is that it allows the base station (BS) to acquire the device identity and the connection establishment cause already in the initial phase of the connection establishment, thereby enabling their differentiated treatment by the BS.
Insurgency and Inaccessibility

A widely held belief within policy and practice contends that rough terrain and other physical obstacles to power projection hinder public surveillance, lower counterinsurgency capability, and generally constitute an important facilitator of rebellion. Likewise, sociocultural exclusion and alienation from the core are widely assumed to increase latent conflict risk through their influence on identity formation and perception of collective grievances. However, there is no scientific consensus on the empirical strength or significance of such a relationship, and many quantitative studies fail to find a robust link between a country's geographical or ethno-demographic characteristics and its estimated conflict risk. This paper represents a first comprehensive evaluation of how physical and sociocultural inaccessibility relate to contemporary civil wars. Drawing on recent advances in geographic information systems and georeferenced indicators of terrain, settlement patterns, ethno-political status, and armed conflict, we put the purported causal relationship to empirical test. A statistical analysis of civil-conflict events across post-Cold War Africa gives considerable support to the proposed theoretical framework, revealing that the various dimensions of inaccessibility all exert significant and substantive effects on local conflict risk. We find weaker evidence for the notion of substitutability; the inaccessibility indicators largely retain their individual effects when included in the same regression model.
Effect of Body Composition on the Neuromuscular Function of Finnish Conscripts During an 8-Week Basic Training Period

Piirainen, JM, Salmi, JA, Avela, J, and Linnamo, V. Effect of body composition on the neuromuscular function of Finnish conscripts during an 8-week basic training period. J Strength Cond Res 22(6): 1916-1925, 2008-The dropout rate in the Finnish military service has increased during the past two decades. At the same time, the physical fitness level of young Finnish males has decreased, possibly leading to overtraining in new conscripts. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether body composition would influence neuromuscular function during the 8-week basic training (BT) period. Eighteen healthy male subjects (19 ± 1 years) were divided into three different groups according to their body fat %. Group 1 (<10%), group 2 (10-13%) and group 3 (>13%). The soleus H-reflex response was measured in the standing position. In the seated position (knee 160° and hip 110°), the V-wave response was measured during maximal voluntary contraction, and the single twitch response was measured in passive conditions. In body composition (fat-free mass and fat mass) was observed small but not significant changes during 8-week period. H-reflex activity increased in groups 2 (10.9% not significant [ns]) and 3 (2.8% ns) but decreased in group 1 (−34.8%, p < 0.05) during the 8-week period. V-wave values decreased in all groups, and the biggest decrement was observed in group 2 (−34.7%, p < 0.05), whereas in group 1 and group 3 no significance was observed. For each group the single twitch torque (G1 ns, G2 and G3 p < 0.05) increased during the 8-week period. The major finding of the study was that the BT period did not cause overtraining in conscripts. Increased activity of the H-reflex and single twitch torque supports this finding. V-wave activity was decreased in all groups, which may also indicate that the training did not stimulate neural activity. In general, the observed changes in neuromuscular system supports the main finding.
Price discovery in spot and futures markets: a reconsideration

We reconsider the issue of price discovery in spot and futures markets. We use a threshold error correction model to allow for arbitrage opportunities to have an impact on the return dynamics. We estimate the model using quote midpoints, and we modify the model to account for time-varying transaction costs. We find that (a) the futures market leads in the process of price discovery and (b) the presence of arbitrage opportunities has a strong impact on the dynamics of the price discovery process.
Knowledge, its Application, and Attitudes Associated with the Reading of Diverse Genres of Science Texts

The purpose of this article is to assess the knowledge, application of knowledge, and attitudes associated with the reading of different genres of expository science texts. We assigned approximately half of a sample consisting of 220 students 14–15 years of age, chosen at random, to read an excerpt from a popular scientific text, and the other half to read an excerpt from a textbook addressing the same topic. Readers took knowledge and application tests immediately after the reading and again 15 days later. Students also took knowledge and reading proficiency pre-tests, and attitude tests related to the selected texts. Overall, girls scored higher than boys and readers of the popular scientific text scored higher than their colleagues who read the textbook excerpt. We noted interaction between ‘reader gender’ and ‘genre of the text read’ in terms of long-term learning based on the reading. Attitude regarding the text read appears as an important factor in explaining behavior of boys who read the popular scientific text. Surprisingly, knowledge and application test scores were not statistically different among girls with different degrees of reading proficiency who read the textbook excerpt. In addition, on the application tests, among the boys who read the popular scientific text, good readers scored lower than their colleagues who read the textbook excerpt. In our opinion, this study can serve to show that ‘reading in science education’ is not a trivial matter and we feel that the subject merits more in-depth investigation.
A quantitative review of the guilty knowledge test.

The guilty knowledge polygraph test (GKT; D. T. Lykken, 1959, 1960) is a psychophysiological method of identifying suspects with concealed information about a crime. A meta-analysis of 50 treatment groups drawn from 22 laboratory simulation studies (total N = 1,247) was conducted to provide a comprehensive estimate of GKT accuracy under controlled conditions. Electrodermal measures correctly identified 76% of participants with concealed knowledge and 83% of those without information. Informed participants were detected at rates significantly in excess of chance, with a mean weighted effect size of . 57. Enactment of mock crimes increased the hit rate to 82%. The rates of false-positive error among noninformed treatment groups did not significantly exceed chance. Applications and research directions are discussed.
Solution Structure of the PilZ Domain Protein PA4608 Complex with Cyclic di-GMP Identifies Charge Clustering as Molecular Readout*♦

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that controls the switch from a single-cell lifestyle to surface-attached, multicellular communities called biofilms. PilZ domain proteins are a family of bacterial c-di-GMP receptors, which control various cellular processes. We have solved the solution structure of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa single-domain PilZ protein PA4608 in complex with c-di-GMP by NMR spectroscopy. Isotope labeling by 13C and 15N of both the ligand and the protein made it possible to define the structure of c-di-GMP in the complex at high precision by a large number of intermolecular and intraligand NOEs and by two intermolecular hydrogen bond scalar couplings. Complex formation induces significant rearrangements of the C- and N-terminal parts of PA4608. c-di-GMP binds as an intercalated, symmetric dimer to one side of the β-barrel, thereby displacing the C-terminal helix of the apo state. The N-terminal RXXXR PilZ domain motif, which is flexible in the apo state, wraps around the ligand and in turn ties the displaced C terminus in a loose manner by a number of hydrophobic contacts. The recognition of the dimeric ligand is achieved by numerous H-bonds and stacking interactions involving residues Arg8, Arg9, Arg10, and Arg13 of the PilZ motif, as well as β-barrel residues Asp35 and Trp77. As a result of the rearrangement of the N and C termini, a highly negative surface is created on one side of the protein complex. We propose that the movement of the termini and the resulting negative surface form the basis for downstream signaling.
A central role for the primary microRNA stem in guiding the position and efficiency of Drosha processing of a viral pri-miRNA

This paper addresses the mechanism of recognition and cleavage of primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) by the Microprocessor (DGCR8/Drosha) complex. The authors use an extensive panel of closely related miRNA variants to analyze the role of pri-miRNA structures on Drosha cleavage. They conclude that a combination of multiple structural elements coordinates Drosha cleavage position and efficiency. They show that not only the junction with the terminal loop, but also the basal junction, are important in determining the cleavage site. This confirms a recent observation by Ma and colleagues, but importantly also adds to it since it shows that internal bulges strongly affect the Drosha cleavage site.
Dual-polarized wireless communications: from propagation models to system performance evaluation

In this paper, we address the potential benefits of dual-polarized arrays in multi-antenna wireless systems. After an extensive literature overview of experimental data, we present a new and simple analytical framework to model dual-polarized Rayleigh and Ricean fading channels for arbitrary array sizes. The model relies on a limited number of physical parameters, such as the channel spatial correlations, the channel co-polar and the cross-polar ratios and the antenna cross-polar discrimination. Then, we investigate the multiplexing advantage of dual-polarized transmissions through the evaluation of the ergodic mutual information, for both TITO and MIMO systems. Finally, the performance of two space-time coding schemes (Alamouti OSTBC and uncoded spatial multiplexing) is evaluated via a detailed analysis of the pairwise error probability.
Body Mass as a Determinant of Seat Belt Use

Prevention of death and injury from motor vehicle accidents depends in part on seat belt use. Understanding the determinants of seat belt use is important for developing strategies to increase seat belt use. The cross-sectional association between body mass index (BMI) and self-reported seat belt use was analyzed using data from 3,140 Health Risk Appraisals completed by Tennessee residents during 1986. Persons in the lowest quintile BMI (≤21.8 kg/m2) stated they use seat belts 63% (SD = 38%) of the time compared to persons in the highest BMI quintile (≥29.0kg/m2) who reported using seat belts 50% (SD = 38%) of the time. BMI remained associated with seat belt use after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, cigarette use, alcohol use, drug use, urban/rural residence, state area of residence, miles driven per year, self-reported physical activity, and satisfaction with life. For a 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, seat belt use declined −0.73% (95% CI = −1.01, −0.46), and the relative odds of not being a frequent seat belt user increased 3% (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.05). BMI was the third variable selected in a step-wise multiple linear regression after education and race. The BMI/seat belt association, if causal, has implications for (1) targeting of education programs to likely nonusers by traffic safety agencies; (2) targeting health promotion messages to likely nonusers by primary care providers; and (3) design of automobile seats and restraint devices.
Exploring the Glass Ceiling: An Exploration of Gender Differences in Management-Development Experiences

Students preparing for the diverse workplace of the future need to understand the glass-ceiling phenomenon and its ramifications for both individuals and organizations. This article suggests that an effective way to explain this concept is by examining gender differences in management development. The rationale for this perspective is provided. A review of the literature that indicates that gender differences in developmental activities create and perpetuate the glass-ceiling effect is also provided. Suggestions are included for ways to teach students about the glass ceiling.
Are Recessions Really Good for your Health? Understanding Procyclical Mortality *

A growing literature has established a link between mortality and the business cycle and documented robust countercyclical movements in health in the United States and elsewhere. We examine these findings more closely and attempt to identify mechanisms that may be driving this connection. Specifically we examine the link between mortality from different causes and in different age ranges over the business cycle, using data from the United States from 1978 through 2004. We show that most of the additional deaths arising from reductions in the unemployment rate are concentrated among the non-working age population, those under 18 and over 65. Thus, mechanisms involving direct effects of individual work hours or behavior on one’s own health are unlikely to be driving these results. We investigate this further by using both peer-group specific- and overall business cycle indicators to explain age-, sex-, and racespecific death rates. Employment-to-population ratios that are specific to individuals’ own agerace-sex group are not positively related to group mortality rates, supporting the hypothesis that the mechanisms connecting economic activity and mortality do not involve an individual’s own employment status or hours of work.
Financial Regulations and Price Inconsistencies across Bitcoin Markets

We document significant differences in Bitcoin prices across 11 different markets representing 26% of global Bitcoin trade volume. These differences must — due to the identical nature of all bitcoin— result from characteristics of markets themselves. We examine differences across the markets and find that those which do not require customer identification for establishing an account are more likely to deviate from representative market prices than those which do, but we cannot identify an element to predict the timing or the size of the deviation. This implies that standard financial regulations, specifically know-your-customer regulations, can have a non-negligible impact on the market for Bitcoin. This finding also implies that bitcoin price data can differ across exchanges demanding a careful approach to data sourcing.