Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Citicoline Enhances Neuroregenerative Processes After Experimental Stroke in Rats

Background and Purpose— The neuroprotective potential of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke has been shown in many experimental studies and, although the exact mechanisms are still unknown, a clinical Phase III trial is currently underway. Our present study was designed to check whether citicoline also enhances neuroregeneration after experimental stroke. Methods— Forty Wistar rats were subjected to photothrombotic stroke and treated either with daily injections of citicoline (100 mg/kg) or vehicle for 10 consecutive days starting 24 hours after ischemia induction. Sensorimotor tests were performed after an adequate training period at Days 1, 10, 21, and 28 after stroke. Then brains were removed and analyzed for infarct size, glial scar formation, neurogenesis, and ligand binding densities of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors. Results— Animals treated with citicoline showed a significantly better neurological outcome at Days 10, 21, and 28 after ischemia, which could not be attributed to differences in infarct volumes or glial scar formation. However, neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, subventricular zone, and peri-infarct area was significantly increased by citicoline. Furthermore, enhanced neurological outcome after citicoline treatment was associated with a shift toward excitation in the perilesional cortex. Conclusions— Our present data demonstrate that, apart from the well-known neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke, citicoline also possesses a substantial neuroregenerative potential. Thanks to its multimodal effects, easy applicability, and history as a well-tolerated drug, promising possibilities of neurological treatment including chronic stroke open up.
Controversies in cardiovascular medicine Oxygen therapy in acute coronary syndrome : are the benefits worth the risk ?

Heart Institute, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM U-698 and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France; and McMaster University and the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Early Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research

This article reviews current evidence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions for children aged <3 years, based on peer-reviewed articles published up to December 2013. Several groups have adapted treatments initially designed for older, preschool-aged children with ASD, integrating best practice in behavioral teaching methods into a developmental framework based on current scientific understanding of how infants and toddlers learn. The central role of parents has been emphasized, and interventions are designed to incorporate learning opportunities into everyday activities, capitalize on “teachable moments,” and facilitate the generalization of skills beyond the familiar home setting. Our review identified several comprehensive and targeted treatment models with evidence of clear benefits. Although some trials were limited to 8- to 12-week outcome data, enhanced outcomes associated with some interventions were evaluated over periods as long as 2 years. Based on this review, recommendations are proposed for clinical practice and future research.
A study of the impact of light fields watermarking on the perceived quality of the refocused data

Securing multimedia data from undesired manipulation is a widely investigated topic in the state of the art. A large number of techniques has been developed for protecting images, videos, and also audio from malicious attacks. Nowadays new imaging systems pose new challenges from the data protection point of view. In particular, plenoptic cameras allow to record multiple views of a scene by using a single camera in a single shot, thus avoiding the problems related to calibration and camera synchronization. In this contribution, a novel embedding scheme tuned to light fields is presented. The watermark is inserted in the horizontal and vertical detail subbands of the first level of the Haar wavelet transform. The aim of this work is twofold: the design of a water-marking system that does not affect the depth map estimation procedure and therefore the refocusing procedure and the 3D scene reconstruction. On the other hand, the impact of light field data modification with respect to the perceived quality has been investigated. Experimental tests, both objective and subjective, have been carried out for assessing the performances of the proposed algorithm.
Free fatty acids in obesity and type 2 diabetes: defining their role in the development of insulin resistance and β‐cell dysfunction

Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) play important physiological roles in skeletal muscle, heart, liver and pancreas. However, chronically elevated plasma FFA appear to have pathophysiological consequences. Elevated FFA concentrations are linked with the onset of peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance and, while the precise action in the liver remains unclear, a model to explain the role of raised FFA in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance has recently been put forward. Over 30 years ago, Randle proposed that FFA compete with glucose as the major energy substrate in cardiac muscle, leading to decreased glucose oxidation when FFA are elevated. Recent data indicate that high plasma FFA also have a significant role in contributing to insulin resistance. Elevated FFA and intracellular lipid appear to inhibit insulin signalling, leading to a reduction in insulin‐stimulated muscle glucose transport that may be mediated by a decrease in GLUT‐4 translocation. The resulting suppression of muscle glucose transport leads to reduced muscle glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. In the liver, elevated FFA may contribute to hyperglycaemia by antagonizing the effects of insulin on endogenous glucose production. FFA also affect insulin secretion, although the nature of this relationship remains a subject for debate. Finally, evidence is discussed that FFA represent a crucial link between insulin resistance and β‐cell dysfunction and, as such, a reduction in elevated plasma FFA should be an important therapeutic target in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
From the Editor

This issue is the last in my role as editor-inchief. 1 thank CSWE for providing this opportunity. I welcome Deborah Valentine who has been appointed as the next editor-in-chief of the Journal of Social Work Education. I give my heartfelt thanks to the consulting editors who have taken the time to prepare detailed, constructive, critical reviews of manuscripts submitted to the Journal. I thank the able editorial staff, Mike Monti, Vic Fanney, John Cooney, and Xuan Bui for their help and goodwill. Anyone who reviewed the detailed level of attention to content in accepted manuscripts by the editorial staff would be impressed. I also would like you to know that the publication department of CSWE has recently experienced an unforeseeable staff problem causing a long delay in the timely processing of manuscripts. We are sorry about this, and as soon as the problem was discovered, steps were taken to correct it. I want to thank Aron Shlonsky, Amy D' Andrade, and Terry Shaw for their superb performance as statistical reviewers during this 3-year period. I have encouraged Deborah Valentine and the CSWE Publications and Media Commission to continue to arrange for statistical review of manuscripts under consideration for publication. The statistical consultants identified many problems in need of correction. Most authors were responsive to this feedback and we thank them for this. When there is a lack of responsiveness to requests for changes in misleading statistical analysis or regarding other concerns, a decision must be made about what to do. A couple of authors said that they had published material using the statistical methods before and thus we should publish their manuscript as is, even though it contained misleading statistical analyses. We declined to do so. We also declined to publish a manuscript when an author refused to cite the originator of the theory on which the paper was based. Most manuscripts we received reflect a concern with social work education and its recipients-a concern to enhance its quality. Our options as academics and researchers are influenced by the environment in which we work, which may not be conducive to free inquiry and measured, honest descriptions of research findings (e.g., Barzun,1991; Veblen, 1918/1993). Even careful peer review does not ensure high-quality material. Editorial options are influenced by the manuscripts received, by what material is proactively sought (e.g., invited essay by Yehudi Webster, 2002; interview with Robyn Dawes concern-
Spotting segments displaying facial expression from image sequences using HMM

A method that can be used for spotting segments that display facial expression is proposed. The motion of the face is modeled by HMM in such a way that each state corresponds to the conditions of facial muscles, e.g., relaxed, contracting, apex and relaxing. The probability assigned to each state is updated iteratively as the feature vector is obtained from image processing. A spotted segment is placed into a certain category when the probability of that category exceeds a threshold value. Experiments show that the segments for the six basic expressions can be spotted accurately in near real time.
The role of epigenetics in kidney malignancies

Introduction Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are collectively the third most common type of genitourinary neoplasms, surpassed only by prostate and bladder cancer. Cure rates for renal cell carcinoma are related to tumor grade and stage; therefore, diagnostic methods for early detection and new therapeutic modalities are of paramount importance. Epigenetics can be defined as inherited modifications in gene expression that are not encoded in the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetics may play an important role in the pursuit of early diagnosis, accurate prognostication and identification of new therapeutic targets. Material and methods We used PubMed to conduct a comprehensive search of the English medical literature using search terms including epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA regulation (miRNA) and RCC. In this review, we discuss the potential application of epigenetics in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of kidney cancer. Results During the last decade, many different types of epigenetic alterations of DNA have been found to be associated with malignant renal tumors. This has led to the research of the diagnostic and prognostic implications of these changes in renal malignancies as well as to the development of novel drugs to target these changes, with the aim of achieving a survival benefit. Conclusions Epigenetics has become a promising field in cancer research. The potential to achieve early detection and accurate prognostication in kidney cancer might be feasible through the application of epigenetics. The possibility to reverse these epigenetic changes with new therapeutic agents motivates researchers to continue pursuing better treatment options for kidney cancer and other malignancies.
Fanship and Fandom: Comparisons between Sport and Non-Sport Fans

The present studies assess similarities and differences between sport fans and other types of fans in terms of identification with the fan interest (fanship), identification with other fans (fandom), entitativity, and collective happiness. In Study 1, a unidimensional 11item scale to measure degree of identification with a fan interest was constructed. In Study 2, convergent and divergent validity for the measure was examined. In Study 3, criterion validity was examined. In Study 4, fanship positively con elated with entitativity, identification with other fans, and collective happiness. Sportfans w ere found to be similar to fans of other interests. Fans perceived themselves to be in a group even when they are not actively part of an organized group. Fanship and fandom were found to be positively correlated yet distinct constructs.
Hub-Accelerator: Fast and Exact Shortest Path Computation in Large Social Networks

Shortest path computation is one of the most fundamental operations for managing and analyzing large social networks. Though existing techniques are quite effective for finding the shortest path on large but sparse road networks, social graphs have quite different characteristics: they are generally non-spatial, non-weighted, scale-free, and they exhibit small-world properties in addition to their massive size. In particular, the existence of hubs, those vertices with a large number of connections, explodes the search space, making the shortest path computation surprisingly challenging. In this paper, we introduce a set of novel techniques centered around hubs, collectively referred to as the Hub-Accelerator framework, to compute the k-degree shortest path (finding the shortest path between two vertices if their distance is within k). These techniques enable us to significantly reduce the search space by either greatly limiting the expansion scope of hubs (using the novel distance- preserving Hub-Network concept) or completely pruning away the hubs in the online search (using the Hub2-Labeling approach). The Hub-Accelerator approaches are more than two orders of magnitude faster than BFS and the state-of-the-art approximate shortest path method Sketch for the shortest path computation. The Hub- Network approach does not introduce additional index cost with light pre-computation cost; the index size and index construction cost of Hub2-Labeling are also moderate and better than or comparable to the approximation indexing Sketch method.
Programming language evolution workshop report

Programming languages evolve in response to external and internal factors. External factors include new hardware, new theory or foundational research, trends or fashions in languages, and applications. Internal factors include a change in the way a language is used or the discovery of problems or deficiencies with existing features. However, evolving programming languages can be problematic; evaluating the impact of changes is difficult and it is often unclear how to effectively co-evolve software written in the language. The PLE workshop was initiated to bring together researchers to discuss and tackle these problems. The papers and talks presented at this workshop provided an excellent start to this new workshop and raised many interesting issues relating to programming language evolution. This document briefly reports on the activities of the first workshop, which was co-located with ECOOP 2014 in Uppsala, Sweden, July 2014.
A NEW APPROACH TO REQUIREMENT ELICITATION BASED ON STAKEHOLDER RECOMMENDATION AND COLLABORATIVE FILTERING

The customers' needs in a software project are identified in the process of Software requirements elicitation. For building a software system this process is considered as one of the most important parts. In this part it is decided precisely what will be built. A close interaction between developers and end-users of the system is needed by requirements’ gathering. Meetings can be costly, inconvenient and infrequent if developers and end-users are in different organizations or different cities. The quality of the elicited requirements can greatly be impacted if there is a problem of communication. Requirement elicitation is a process difficult to scale to large software projects with many stakeholders which involves identifying and prioritizing requirements. A stakeholder is an individual or a group who can influence or be influenced by the success or failure of a project. Existing methods to identify and prioritize requirements do not scale well to large projects. Large projects tend to be beset by three problems: information overload, inadequate stakeholder input, and biased prioritization of requirements. Existing methods to identify and prioritize requirements do not scale well to large projects. Existing requirements prioritization methods require substantial efforts from the requirements engineers when there are many requirements. To address the problems Stakeholder recommender model will contain steps:-Identify the large project, Analysis of requirements, Identify and prioritize stakeholders, Predict requirements, Prioritize requirements. For making predictions, our approach will use one of the most well known algorithms that is k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithm. KNN is used to identify like-minded users with similar rating histories in order to predict ratings for unobserved users-item pairs. A unique subset of the community for each user is found out by KNN by identifying those with similar interests. To do so, every pair of user profile is compared to measure the degree of similarity. A neighbourhood is created for each user by selecting the k most similar users. The similarity between each pair of user profiles for users in the neighbourhood is used to compute predicted ratings. Finally, the predicted ratings for the items are sorted according to the predicted value, and the top-N items are proposed to the user as recommendations, where N is the number of items recommended to the user.
Effect of the menstrual cycle on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal females.

To determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal females studies were performed on 10 healthy women (average age 26) who had regular menstrual cycles and showed typical 2-phase temperature courses. After a 12 hour fast 40 ml of blood was drawn at 8 AM during the follicular phase days 7-9 on 3 consecutive days during ovulation and in the corpus luteum phase days 23-25. On the day preceeding blood sampling 24 hour urine samples were collected. The concentration of glucose pyruvate and lactate as well as glycerol glycerid-glycerol free fatty acids acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate in the blood were analyzed and the data obtained to basal temperature measurements total oestrogen excretion values and blood progesterone levels. The differences of the results obtained at the various phases of the menstrual cycle were statistically evaluated by the combined Students t-test. Only during the luteal phase i.e. the highest progesterone levels was a statistically significant increase of free fatty acids found in the blood accompanied by a distinct but not significant rise in free glycerol. None of the other parameters as measured showed any statistically significant correlations to the various phases of the menstrual cycle. The importance of the increase in free fatty acids on the sequence of events observed at the corpus luteum phase under hormonal contraception and during late gestation is discussed.
Early estimates of SEER cancer incidence, 2014

Cancer incidence rates and trends for cases diagnosed through 2014 using data reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program in February 2016 and a validation of rates and trends for cases diagnosed through 2013 and submitted in February 2015 using the November 2015 submission are reported. New cancer sites include the pancreas, kidney and renal pelvis, corpus and uterus, and childhood cancer sites for ages birth to 19 years inclusive.
Multidimensional Poverty Measures from an Information Theory Perspective

This paper proposes to use an information theory approach to the design of multidimensional poverty indices. Traditional monetary approaches to poverty rely on the strong assumption that all relevant attributes of well-being are perfectly substitutable. Based on the idea of the essentiality of some attributes, scholars have recently suggested multidimensional poverty indices where the existence of a trade-off between attributes is relevant only for individuals who are below a poverty threshold in all of them (Bourguignon and Chakravarty 2003, Tsui 2002). The present paper proposes a method which encompasses both approaches and, moreover, it opens the door to an intermediate position which allows, to a certain extent, for substitution of attributes even in the case in which one or more (but not all) dimensions are above the set threshold. An application using individual well-being data from Indonesian households in 2000 is presented in order to compare the results under the different approaches.
Gradient Polytope Faces Pursuit for large scale sparse recovery problems

Polytope Faces Pursuit is a greedy algorithm that performs Basis Pursuit with similar order complexity to Orthogonal Matching Pursuit. The algorithm adds one basis vector at a time and adopts a path-following approach based on the geometry of the polar polytope associated with the dual Linear Program. Its initial implementation uses the method of Cholesky factorization to update the solution vector at each step, which can be computationally expensive for solving large scale problems as it requires the succesive storage of large matrices. In this paper, we present a different approach using directional updates to estimate the solution vector at each time. The proposed method uses the gradient descent method, reducing the memory requirements and computational complexity. We demonstrate the application of this Gradient Polytope Faces Pursuit algorithm to a source separation problem.
Effect of linagliptin (BI 1356) on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of simvastatin.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate any potential effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin (which is being developed to improve glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes) on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin (a lipid-lowering, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor). METHODS This open-label, multiple-dose study was conducted in 20 healthy male Caucasian subjects. Simvastatin (40 mg/day) was administered alone for 6 days, followed by co-administration with linagliptin (10 mg/ day) for 6 days, followed by simvastatin single administration for a further 8 days. Plasma concentrations of simvastatin and its active metabolite simvastatin beta-hydroxy acid were determined on Day 6 (before co-administration of linagliptin) and Days 12, 16 and 20 (after co-administration of linagliptin). RESULTS The geometric mean ratio (GMR) (90% confidence interval (CI)) following co-administration of linagliptin with simvastatin (Day 12) compared with administration of simvastatin alone (Day 6) for simvastatin AUC was 134.2% (119.4, 150.7) and for simvastatin acid AUC was 133.3% (118.1, 150.3). The GMR (90% CI) for simvastatin Cmax,ss was 110.0% (89.3, 135.6) and for simvastatin acid Cmax,ss was 120.7% (101.5, 143.6). 20 adverse events were reported by 11 subjects. Both simvastatin and linagliptin were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Linagliptin-mediated effects on simvastatin exposure are not considered to be clinically relevant in terms of patient tolerability or safety. Therefore, a dose adjustment of linagliptin is not necessary when these two agents are administered together and linagliptin co-administration is not expected to exert a clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of other CYP3A4 substrates.