Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Young Adults’ Mental Health in Switzerland: A Longitudinal Cohort Study from 2018 to 2021

Most of the studies that examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been restricted to pandemic mental health data alone. The aim of the current study was to estimate the pandemic’s effect on young Swiss adults’ mental health by comparing pandemic to pre-pandemic mental health. Longitudinal data of 1175 young Swiss adults who participated in the S-YESMH study in 2018 and were followed-up in 2020 and 2021 were analyzed. The study outcomes were self-reported symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), thoughts about death or self-harm, and risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD). Generalized estimation equations, logistic regression and statistical mediation analysis were used to analyze the data. Evidence was found of increased depression, GAD, and ADHD among young women and increased depression among young men, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Uncertainty about the future predicted young women’s depression and anxiety in 2021. COVID-19 stress in 2021 fully mediated the effect of COVID-19 stress in 2020 on depression and GAD in 2021. Young Swiss women’s and men’s mental health appears to have been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially during the second pandemic year. Uncertainty about the future and stress becoming chronic in 2021 likely explain some of the adverse effects.
Automatic alignment of a synchrotron radiation source beamline using intelligent systems

Synchrotron Radiation (SR) sources in general, and the new third generation SR sources in particular, deliver very intense x-ray beams with very low divergence. However, due to small shifts of the sorted electron beam position caused by re-optimization of the closed orbit after shutdowns, the beamlines must be regularly re-aligned in order to deliver optimum performance. Since the beamlines generally contain complicated optical elements, such as x- ray mirrors and monochromators, the alignment procedure is difficult and time-consuming. Automatic beamline alignment has been envisaged in order to more constantly keep optimal performance of the beamline. An Intelligent System approach has been chosen to face the complexity of x-ray beamline alignment. A knowledge-based system has been chosen for the development of the automatic alignment tools. The developed tools have been applied to the multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation (ESRF). The intensity and the spot shape at the sample position, obtained by using a small 2D CCD detector, were optimized by automatically aligning the main optical element, a bent cylindrical mirror that focuses the beam in both horizontal and vertical directions. The developed automatic techniques have been shown to robustly optimize the intensity and the focal spot shape on the ESRF MAD beamline. A series of images of the beam shape showing the optimization will be presented.
A Multisurrogate-Assisted Optimization Framework for SSPP-Based mmWave Array Antenna

Spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) transmission lines are frequently used to excite millimeter-wave (mmWave) antenna arrays due to high field confinement and easy integration with planar structures. However, the design of the SSPP-based array antennas requires significant efforts because of multiple specifications, the high cost of electromagnetic (EM) evaluations, and a large number of design parameters. This article proposes a multisurrogate-assisted optimization framework for the efficient design of SSPP-based mmWave array antennas. The framework has three stages. In each stage, a surrogate is proposed to solve a specific task. The first stage is to find the initial values of four key design parameters using artificial neural network (ANN)-based surrogate model optimization. The second stage focuses on the optimization of sidelobe level based on another ANN surrogate model. The third stage is a beamforming-focused optimization procedure using the space mapping technique with an improved array factor formula as a surrogate. An mmWave SSPP-based array antenna with 16 circular patches at a central frequency of 28 GHz is successfully designed using the proposed framework. The antenna is also redesigned for five sets of main lobe directions and null locations at 24 GHz. All antennas are verified using full-wave EM simulations.
ASTEP 400: a telescope designed for exoplanet transit detection from Dome C, Antarctica

The Concordia Base in Dome C, Antarctica, is an extremely promising site for photometric astronomy due to the 3- month long night during the Antarctic winter, favorable weather conditions, and low scintillation. The ASTEP project (Antarctic Search for Transiting ExoPlanets) is a pilot project which seeks to identify transiting planets and understand the limits of visible photometry from this site. ASTEP 400 is an optical 40cm telescope with a field of view of 1° x 1°. The expected photometric sensitivity is 1E-3, per hour for at least 1,000 stars. The optical design guarantees high homogeneity of the PSF sizes in the field of view. The use of carbon fibers in the telescope structure guarantees high stability. The focal optics and the detectors are enclosed in a thermally regulated box which withstands extremely low temperatures. The telescope designed to run at -80°C (-110°F) was set up at Dome C during the southern summer 2009- 2010. It began its nightly observations in March 2010.
Inducing ferromagnetism in ZnO through doping of nonmagnetic elements

In this work, Zn, Al, Pt, Ag, and Au nonmagnetic metallic films were deposited on the surface of ZnO film, followed by high vacuum annealing at different temperatures. Results showed that (Zn,Al,Pt)∕ZnO films possessed room temperature ferromagnetism (RTF) after the vacuum annealing, while (Ag,Au)∕ZnO films did not. Our detailed structural investigations (transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) revealed that this RTF was associated with the presence of metal clusters. The RTF disappeared in Al∕ZnO after a subsequent annealing in air, as metal clusters were oxidized. Pt∕ZnO remained ferromagnetic, as the metal cluster structure was stable subjected to the air annealing.
Arabic Dialogue Processing and Act Classification using Support Vector Machine

— Text classification is the technique of grouping documents according to their content into classes and groups. As a result of the vast amount of textual material available online, this procedure is becoming increasingly crucial. The primary challenge in text categorization is enhancing classification accuracy. This role is receiving more attention due to its importance in the development of these systems and the categorization of Arabic dialogue processing. In the research, attempts were made to define dialogue processing. It concentrates on classifying words that are used in dialogue. There are various types of dialogue processing, including hello, farewell, thank you, confirm, and apologies. The words are used in the study without context. The proposed approach recovers the properties of function words by replacing collocations with standard number tokens and each substantive keyword with a numerical approximation token. With the use of the linear support vector machine (SVM) technique, the classification method for this study was obtained. The act is classified using the linear SVM technique, and the anticipated accuracy is evaluated against that of alternative algorithms. This study encompasses Arabic dialogue acts corpora, annotation schema, and classification problems. It describes the outcomes of contemporary approaches to classifying Arabic dialogue acts. A custom database in the domains of banks, chat, and airline tickets is used in the research to assess the effectiveness of the suggested solutions. The linear SVM approach produced the best results.
A Rich Cluster of Radio Stars in the rho Ophiuchi Cloud Cores

Deep 6 cm VLA observations of the central regions of the ρ Ophiuchi star-forming cloud reveal a concentration of faint stellar radio sources. A sensitivity better than 0.09 mJy is achieved, corresponding to 2.3×10 15 ergs s −1 Hz −1 , a factor of 10-20 more sensitive than previous observations of the cloud (Stine et al.). In the northren molecular core, ρ Oph A, 22 sources are seen in a 13'×13' map centered on the embedded B star S1.
Multiple Inhomogeneous Inclusions and Cracks in a Half Space Under Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Contact

A semi-analytic solution is presented for multiple inhomogeneous inclusions and cracks in a half-space under elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact. In formulating the governing equations, each inhomogeneous inclusion embedded under the contacting surfaces is modeled as a homogeneous inclusion with initial eigenstrains plus unknown equivalent eigenstrains by employing Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method, while each crack of mixed modes I and II is treated as a distribution of climb and glide dislocations with unknown densities according to the dislocation distribution technique. Such a treatment converts the problem into a homogeneous lubricated contact with disturbed deformation due to the inclusions and cracks. The unknowns in the governing equations are integrated by a numerical algorithm and determined iteratively by utilizing a modified conjugate gradient method. The iterative process is performed until the convergence of the half-space surface displacements, which involve the displacements due to the inhomogeneous inclusions and cracks as well as the fluid pressure. Samples are presented to demonstrate the generality of the solution.
Radio observations of jets from massive young stars

Abstract The formation of low mass stars takes place with the assistance of an accretion disk that transports gas and dust from the envelope of the system to the star, and a jet that removes angular momentum and allows accretion to proceed. In the radio, these ionized jets can be studied very close to the star via the thermal (free-free) emission they produce and at larger scales by the molecular outflows that result from their interaction with the surrounding medium. Is the same disk-jet process responsible for the formation of massive stars? I will review recent evidence for the presence of collimated jets and accretion disks in association with forming massive stars. The jets in massive protostars have large velocities that could produce a synchrotron component and I discuss the evidence for the presence of this non-thermal process in the jet associated with the HH 80-81 system.
Trace Operator and Theta Series

Theta series attached to integral positive definite quadratic forms are one of the most important tools for the explicit construction of (Siegel or elliptic) modular forms. The so-called basis problem asks whether a given modular form of some fixed type can be represented as a linear combination of theta series. Here the theta series are usually also restricted to a fixed type, either theta constants of fixed level or theta series of full lattices of fixed level. It is sometimes easier to obtain an answer if one drops this restriction on the type of theta series. In particular, translation of results about theta liftings from adelic representation theory into classical terms typically gives representability as a linear combination of (possibly inhomogeneous) theta series of some not specified level. It appears therefore desirable to investigate the conditions under which such a general linear combination of theta series can be transformed into a linear combination of theta series of the specified type. The present article should be regarded as a first step in this direction. We look at the subspace Article ID jnth.1999. 2404, available online at http: www.idealibrary. com on
Monotone Empirical Bayes Test for Uniform Distributions Using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator of a Decreasing Density

uniform distribution on [0, a) is discussed. The relation is shown with the estimation of a decreasing density on [0, oc) and a monotone empirical Bayes test is derived based on the least-concave majorant of the empirical distribution function. The asymptotic distribution of the Bayes risk is obtained and some Monte Carlo results are given. 1. Construction. Suppose that the random variable X has U[O, i? ]-distribution with pdf ft(xlt) = 0- Ito ](x), a > 0, and that 9 has prior distribution with cdf G. For testing Ho: 40 with loss function L(0, ao) = (0 - 0)+, L(O, a,) = (0o - 9)+, where ai is the decision to accept Hi, a Bayes test w.r. t. G is given by (p(x) = ao if d(x) o p(x) = arbitrary if d(x) = 0,E where d(x) = E(OIX = x). Since the class { f(xIO)I 0> 0) has monotone likelihood ratio in x, d(x) is nondecreasing and 92(x) = ao if x co is Bayes w.r. t. G provided d(x) 40 for x > co. Recall that the class of all monotone tests is essentially complete; see Ferguson (1967). In the empirical Bayes set up the prior G is unknown but an iid sample
Introduction to Faraday tomography and its future prospects

Faraday tomography is a new method of the study of cosmic magnetic fields enabled by broad-band low-frequency radio observations. Using Faraday tomography it is possible to obtain the Faraday dispersion function, which contains information on the line-of-sight distributions of magnetic fields, thermal electron density, and cosmic ray electron density by measuring the polarization spectrum from a source of synchrotron radiation over a wide band. Furthermore, by combining it with two-dimensional imaging, Faraday tomography allows us to explore the three-dimensional structure of polarization sources. Faraday tomography has been active over the last 20 years, since the broad-band observation has become technically feasible, and polarization sources such as interstellar space, supernova remnants, and galaxies have been investigated. However, the Faraday dispersion function is mathematically the Fourier transform of the polarization spectrum. And since the observable band is finite, it is impossible to obtain a complete Faraday dispersion function by performing a Fourier transform. For this purpose, various methods have been developed to accurately estimate the Faraday dispersion function from the observed polarization spectrum. In addition, the Faraday dispersion function does not directly reflect the distribution of magnetic field, thermal electron density, and cosmic ray electron density in the physical space, and its physical interpretation is not straightforward. Despite these two difficult problems, Faraday tomography is attracting much attention because it has great potential as a new method for studying cosmic magnetic fields and magnetized plasmas. In particular, the next-generation radio telescope SKA (Square Kilometre Array) is capable of polarization observation with unprecedented sensitivity and broad bands, and the application of Faraday tomography is expected to make dramatic progress in the field of cosmic magnetic fields. In this review, we explain the basics of Faraday tomography with simple and instructive examples. Representative algorithms to realize Faraday tomography are introduced, and some applications are shown.
Linear and nonlinear magneto-optical study of thin ferromagnetic MnAs films grown on Si[111]

Ferromagnetic-semiconductor heterostructures CaF/sub 2//MnAs/Si[111] have been studied by two complementary magneto-optical techniques: magnetization-induced second harmonic generation and linear magneto-optical Kerr effect. Crystallographic and magnetic contributions to SHG are separated on the base of the rotational anisotropy method. Magnetic hysteresis loops measured by SHG and Kerr effect exhibit different behavior due to different sensitivity of the two optical techniques to the interface, surface and bulk properties.
A Novel Approach to Clustering Accelerometer Data for Application in Passive Predictions of Changes in Depression Severity

The treatment of mood disorders, which can become a lifelong process, varies widely in efficacy between individuals. Most options to monitor mood rely on subjective self-reports and clinical visits, which can be burdensome and may not portray an accurate representation of what the individual is experiencing. A passive method to monitor mood could be a useful tool for those with these disorders. Some previously proposed models utilized sensors from smartphones and wearables, such as the accelerometer. This study examined a novel approach of processing accelerometer data collected from smartphones only while participants of the open-science branch of the BiAffect study were typing. The data were modeled by von Mises-Fisher distributions and weighted networks to identify clusters relating to different typing positions unique for each participant. Longitudinal features were derived from the clustered data and used in machine learning models to predict clinically relevant changes in depression from clinical and typing measures. Model accuracy was approximately 95%, with 97% area under the ROC curve (AUC). The accelerometer features outperformed the vast majority of clinical and typing features, which suggested that this new approach to analyzing accelerometer data could contribute towards unobtrusive detection of changes in depression severity without the need for clinical input.
Numerical Simulations of a Magnetically Confined Jet

Preliminary results of two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical simulations of a propagating jet which possesses a dominating toroidal magnetic field are presented. Unlike its pure hydrodynamical (HD) counterpart, the magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) jet presented here possesses no substantial backflowing cocoon. Rather, most of the material is collected between the HD working surface (terminal Mach disk) and the leading bow shock, forming what is called a nose cone. The nature of the nose cone and other features peculiar to this jet are discussed, along with possible observational implications. 18 references.
Chaos Anti-Synchronization between Chen System and Lu System

Anti-synchronization of two different chaotic systems is investigated. On the basis of Lyapunov theory, adaptive control scheme is proposed when system parameters are unknown, sufficient conditions for the stability of the error dynamics are derived, where the controllers are designed using the sum of the state variables in chaotic systems. Numerical simulations are performed for the Chen and Lu systems to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Measurement of surface reflection coefficients via multiple reflection of microwaves

Multiple reflection of a microwave beam between a horn antenna and a smooth target in the antenna near field produces an interference effect in the received power. This effect can be described by modeling the antenna and target as a closely coupled system with ‘‘coherent’’ reflection coefficients. This model shows better agreement with experimental data than models based on isotropic antenna ‘‘backscatter. ’’ Measurement techniques are derived from this new model, which permit, by sampling the interference pattern, the remote sensing of the reflection coefficient of an unknown surface. From the reflection coefficient the dielectric constant or surface roughness can be obtained. A simple diagnostic apparatus is described together with possible industrial/laboratory applications.
Use of Negative Weights in Linear Quadratic Regulator Synthesis

An inverse problem of optimal linear quadratic regulators (LQR) is examined for single-input systems, and the selection of the weighting matrices that achieve a specified pole location is also discussed. In particular, the Kessler polynomial is used as a desirable pole location, and the weighting matrices are derived in an analytical form. Although this pole specification results in the use of some negative diagonal weights in the performance index, the existence and uniqueness of the Riccati solution are guaranteed by Molinari's theorem. Through the sacrifice of the circle condition, it is shown that some of the deficiencies of the LQR controllers are avoided, and that several characteristics (which classical controllers provide, but which modern methods cannot) are retained. An application to roll autopilot systems for missiles is given to illustrate and substantiate the proposed method, as well as to compare it with the conventional LQR.
Improved parameter modeling of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor based on finite element analysis

This paper presents an investigation of the parameter modeling on the basis of an improved finite element (FE) analysis in which the variable frequency characteristic in field weakening is considered in interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM). The parameters of IPMSM have a nonlinear characteristic under variable load conditions and due to the current phase angle in a system fed inverter. From the analysis of FE, a new vector control algorithm is proposed by a neural network using a variable inductance estimator. The performances of variable frequency are simulated by using the proposed algorithm, and the validity of the proposed FE analysis is compared with experimental results.
School Leadership, Climate, and Professional Isolation as Predictors of Special Education Teachers’ Stress and Coping Profiles

Much recent literature has highlighted the stressful nature of teaching and its relations with teacher and student well-being. The present study extended this literature to focus on special education teachers. We first conducted a latent class analysis to characterize patterns of stress and coping among special education teachers (N = 404). Consistent with several prior studies with general education teachers and principals, we found three profiles: normative (high stress/high coping), maladaptive (high stress/low coping), and adaptive (low stress/high coping). Next, we examined school contextual predictors of these profiles including leadership characteristics (collegial, instructional), density of special education teachers (an indicator of professional isolation), and climate factors (teacher affiliation, school structure and support, safety, expectations). The maladaptive class was distinguished by a lower proportion of special education teachers, worse perceptions of school disciplinary structure and school safety, and higher academic expectations. The findings have implications for improving the burnout model presented in the special series overview and for creating school contexts that improve special education teacher well-being, persistence, and implementation fidelity.
Satellite and resonance states in the near-threshold photoionization of argon

High resolution threshold photoelectron spectroscopy, in conjunction with synchrotron radiation has been employed to investigate single and double photoionization of argon in the 32-51 eV photon energy range. We have been able to distinguish between satellite and resonance states observed in our spectrum and thereby correct previous misassignments. Furthermore, we have developed a method to extract partial cross sections for satellite states from threshold to 150 meV. The excitation functions of these electron-correlated processes generally show a strong threshold peak, which we attribute to dynamic effects within the excitation complex, as well as other peaks due to the nearby neutral resonances. In addition, the apparent asymmetry of the Ar2+1D threshold cusp is discussed in terms of a possible pressure effect.
Cavitation and the generation of tension in liquids

The phenomenon of cavitation occurs when a tension, applied to a liquid, exceeds a certain critical value known as the breaking tension or cavitation threshold. The present review article considers various ways in which liquids have been subjected to tension and how the accompanying cavitation has been studied. The importance of these matters in medicine and botany is also discussed.