Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Word Sense Disambiguation Approach for Converting Natural Language Text into a Common Semantic Description

Concept Description Language (CDL) is a common language that represents the semantics of content in a simple and structured manner. In particular, it is intended to describe Natural Language (NL) texts in a format that can be understood and processed by computers. Since words with multiple meanings can be found from texts, it becomes necessary to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) in order to achieve a correct representation. This paper presents a WSD approach that determines best candidates for word meanings and contributes to a semi-automatic conversion of NL into CDL. We perform preliminary experiments by evaluating the approach with some test sentences and comparing with other WSD methods. Results suggest that the existence of a proper correspondence of syntactic and semantic relations for the WSD process may lead to an accurate conversion to CDL.
Social phobia: comments on the viability and validity of an analogue research strategy and British norms for the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire

This paper discusses the viability of an analogue research design for studying key processes in social phobia by comparing individuals who score high and low on the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE: Watson & Friend, 1969). Research indicates remarkable consistency in the processes that distinguish patients with social phobia from controls and high FNE volunteers from low FNE volunteers. Unfortunately, all existing FNE norms are based on North American populations. The present paper presents British student norms and suggests possible cut-off points for defining groups for analogue research. Advantages of the analogue strategy include rapid piloting of new paradigms and the use of more complex experimental designs that require substantial sample sizes. Limitations of analogue research are also highlighted.
A Cross-Linguistic Study on the Phonetics of Dorsal Obstruents

This book presents articulatory and perceptual characteristics of the palatal place of articulation with the focus on the Hungarian palatal obstruent. This research question is motivated by the fact that a lot of instrumental research in perceptual but also articulatory phonetics has concentrated on the study of the three major - labial, alveolar and velar - places of articulation whereas substantially less attention has been devoted to segments from the palatal class. The introductory part summarises the relevant foundations from both phonetic and phonological perspectives. Empirical cross-linguistic work demonstrates some intrusive effects of the palatal segment when introduced in an experimental setup manipulating transitional parameters in a Categorical Perception study. Studies by means of Electromagnetic Articulography phonetically qualify the Hungarian palatal as a dorsopalatal with characteristic coarticulatory and biomechanic features. This book targets researchers and graduate students working in segmental phonetics interested in the palatal class of articulation.
The Conceptual Principals of Bitcoin Crypto Currency

In recent years, ideas about crypto currencies with interesting and new for today monetary principles becoming more and more popular. The crypto currenciesâ met different attitude to it new for the world finances principals. There are different talks. Ones think that it may improve monetary system, others think that it is a toy money that may cause instability and crash the world finance. However, the fact is that innovative concept of e-currency still developing and becoming more popular and in this way crypto currencies, particularly the most popular one-bitcoin is more useful and more preferable way of transaction in Internet. For today its audience accumulated a 9 billion USD on exchange stocks specially designed for crypto currency. The paper is about the new currency and about its innovative principles that can be used in current financial situation.
Genetic algorithms as a pre processing strategy for imbalanced datasets

In data mining, the traditional classification algorithms tend to loose its predictive capacity when applied on a dataset which distribution between classes is imbalanced. This work aims to present a new methodology using genetic algorithms, in order to create synthetic instances from the minority class. The experiments with the proposed methodology demonstrated a better classification performance in most of the problems, in comparison with other work in the specific literature.
Comparing verification systems: interactive consistency in ACL2

Achieving interactive consistency among processors in the presence of faults is an important problem in fault-tolerant computing, first cleanly formulated by Pease, Shostak and Lamport (1980) and solved in selected cases with their Oral Messages (OM) algorithm. Several mechanical verifications of this algorithm have been presented, including a particularly elegant formulation and proof by J. Rushby (1992) using EHDM and PVS. Rushby proposes interactive consistency as a benchmark problem for specification and verification systems. We present a formalization of the OM algorithm in the ACL2 logic and compare our formalization and proof to his. We draw some conclusions concerning the range of desirable features for verification systems and offer a cautionary note about relying on such benchmark problems when comparing systems.
MicroRNA Profiles Discriminate among Colon Cancer Metastasis

MicroRNAs are being exploited for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of cancer and other diseases. Their high tissue specificity and critical role in oncogenesis provide new biomarkers for the diagnosis and classification of cancer as well as predicting patients' outcomes. MicroRNAs signatures have been identified for many human tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In most cases, metastatic disease is difficult to predict and to prevent with adequate therapies. The aim of our study was to identify a microRNA signature for metastatic CRC that could predict and differentiate metastatic target organ localization. Normal and cancer tissues of three different groups of CRC patients were analyzed. RNA microarray and TaqMan Array analysis were performed on 66 Italian patients with or without lymph nodes and/or liver recurrences. Data obtained with the two assays were analyzed separately and then intersected to identify a primary CRC metastatic signature. Five differentially expressed microRNAs (hsa-miR-21, -103, -93, -31 and -566) were validated by qRT-PCR on a second group of 16 American metastatic patients. In situ hybridization was performed on the 16 American patients as well as on three distinct commercial tissues microarray (TMA) containing normal adjacent colon, the primary adenocarcinoma, normal and metastatic lymph nodes and liver. Hsa-miRNA-21, -93, and -103 upregulation together with hsa-miR-566 downregulation defined the CRC metastatic signature, while in situ hybridization data identified a lymphonodal invasion profile. We provided the first microRNAs signature that could discriminate between colorectal recurrences to lymph nodes and liver and between colorectal liver metastasis and primary hepatic tumor.
Regulation of Cell Polarity by Microtubules in Fission Yeast

To investigate the role of microtubules in regulating cell polarity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we have developed a system in which normally cylindrical fission yeast synchronously form branched cells at high frequency upon treatment with the microtubule-depolymerizing drug thiabendazole (TBZ). Branching depends on both elevated temperature and cell cycle state and occurs at high frequency only when TBZ is added to cells that have not yet passed through New-End Take-Off (NETO), the normal transition from monopolar to bipolar growth. This suggests that microtubules may be of greatest physiological importance for the maintenance of cell shape at specific points in the cell cycle. The localization of three different proteins normally found at cell ends—cortical F-actin, tea1, and an ral3 (scd2)–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion—is disrupted by TBZ treatment. However, these proteins can eventually return to cell ends in the absence of microtubules, indicating that although their localization to ends normally depends on microtubules, they may recover by alternative mechanisms. In addition, TBZ induces a shift in ral3–GFP distribution from cell ends to the cell middle, suggesting that a protein complex containing ral3 may be part of the cue that specifies the position of branch formation.
The use of the soil map of Belgium in the assessment of landslide risk

The analysis is based on a report from the Laboratory of Geomorphology and Remote sensing of the University of Liege concerning Mont-de-l'Enclus hill (Province of Hainaut, 20 kilometers north of the city of Tournai). After a landslide in a street of the hill, the regional administration ordered, in 1998, a detailed study of the hillside (7 square kilometres). The report is in three parts. The first one analyses the influence of human settlement on the landslide hazards. The second one studies all the environmental components in relation to the landslides. Finally, a synthesis map gathers the most important conclusions drawn from the first two parts. The Belgian soil map is very useful when combined with geological and geomorphological data. This is called geo-morpho-pedologic approach. Analysis and comparison have been made with the geographical information system Arc/Info-Arcview. The landslide of the "rue du Renard" is located at the interface between discontinuous layers of clay (5 to 15 meters) and sand. Geology gives us a global evaluation of the layer of clay responsible for the landslide. Geomorphology increases the accuracy of location for the clay layer through several elements of the landscape such as superficial landslides, water seepage, concavities and convexities. Pedology matches up previous information through different kinds of data such as texture, "natural soil drainage", soil profile and derived series. The geo-morpho-pedological approach is not always effective in foreseeing a landslide phenomenon such as in the case studied. The report from the Laboratoire de Geomorphologie et Teledetection (remote sensing) indicates, however, that the methodology gave better results than the geotechnical approach in this particular case, and it was also less expensive. The geotechnical approach had either not worked, or was too difficult to use because of the geological conditions (lateral variation of clay fades, absence of outcrops).
Ge-Photodetectors for Si-Based Optoelectronic Integration

High speed photodetectors are a key building block, which allow a large wavelength range of detection from 850 nm to telecommunication standards at optical fiber band passes of 1.3–1.55 μm. Such devices are key components in several applications such as local area networks, board to board, chip to chip and intrachip interconnects. Recent technological achievements in growth of high quality SiGe/Ge films on Si wafers have opened up the possibility of low cost Ge-based photodetectors for near infrared communication bands and high resolution spectral imaging with high quantum efficiencies. In this review article, the recent progress in the development and integration of Ge-photodetectors on Si-based photonics will be comprehensively reviewed, along with remaining technological issues to be overcome and future research trends.
TARGET ARTICLE: Explaining the Relationships Between Religious Involvement and Health

There is increasing research evidence that religious involvement is associated both cross-sectionally and prospectively with better physical health, better mental health, and longer survival. These relationships remain substantial in size and statistically significant with other risk and protective factors for morbidity and mortality statistically controlled. In this article, we review the social and psychological factors that have been hypothesized to explain the health-promoting effects of religious involvement. The four potential psychosocial mechanisms that have received empirical attention are health practices, social support, psychosocial resources such as self-esteem and self-efficacy, and belief structures such as sense of coherence. Evidence concerning these potential mediators is mixed and inconsistent, suggesting there is more to be learned about the pathways by which religion affects health. Other possible explanations for the salubrious effects of religious involvement on health and longevity are discussed.
The Application of Ant Colony Algorithm on Mobile Multicast Routing

The multicast routing model is set up by hybrid routing protocol, Aiming at the mobile network topology and the characteristics of multicast routing based on QoS. A multicast tree meeting the QoS constraints, consumption tend to a minimum and stable form is set up based on ant colony algorithm. Experiments show that the algorithm has a better performance than the other algorithm.
Strategies Employed by Teachers to Motivate Students in Kinondoni Municipality

Motivation in educational institutions is among the things to be taken in to consideration so as to achieve the goals and objectives of education in any country. This study examined the perception of teachers on motivation in learning. It addresses the strategies that teachers use to create, maintain and protect motivation. The study focused on the factors that affect motivation in classroom settings. Mixed methods were used to observe 100 teachers in four secondary schools at Kinondoni Municipal council. It was found that, majority of teachers viewed motivation as of paramount importance for students’ performance. The study also found that teachers use various strategies to create, maintain and protect motivation in classroom settings. Among these strategies includes providing room for open exchange of ideas, accepting mistakes as normal part of learning, and creating encouraging and supporting environment for students to learn and grow. The study also found several factors that affect motivation in the classroom. These included mastery of subject matter on the part of the teacher which constrained the classroom discussion and constructive feedback. Other factors included large number of students in one classroom, which impeded quality discussion forcing teachers to resort to lecture method. Lack of teaching aid was also found to be a factor affecting motivation in classroom. The study suggested that teachers should be supported academically to acquire adequate mastery of subject matter and classroom management to help them teach and use appropriate teaching methodologies and classroom management techniques. The Study recommends also that Ministry of Education and Vocational Training should see to it that the number of students in the classroom is manageable to allow effective teaching and raise students learning.
Genetic routing optimisation for the computer aided manufacture of circuits

This paper describes the research and development of a computer-aided design tool which aids designers in generating printed circuit board (PCB) solutions for the manufacture of circuits using a circuit board plotter. Under computer control, a circuit board plotter produces a PCB using milling to remove copper from a copper substrate to create the desired tracks. The focus of this paper is on generating single-layer solutions as this eliminates the need for extra material handling operations which are required when milling double sided boards. The paper investigates two evolutionary algorithm approaches for optimising the track routing pattern to force a single-layer solution. The first approach optimises the order in which routes are developed. The second approach optimises both the route order and the flip rotation of the components during the routing process. Results for experiments performed on a cascaded amplifier circuit are presented.
Response to Juliet Mitchell's Reflections

Mitchell credits me with two important contributions, the first, that in theorizing the development of sex and gender I propose that it is “cognitive gender [that] controls/organizes libidinal sexuality” rather than “Freudian libido theory or some genealogical object relations theory. ” This is correct insofar as cognition in this context is understood to mean a cognitive/affective constellation. Mitchell also credits Lionel Ovesey and me with suggesting that disidentification is another name for separation-individuation and with pointing out that both sexes need to separate and individuate from mother. Although the etiology of transsexualism is unknown, one significant factor in its genesis is separation anxiety, which gets bound in cross-gender fantasies. In transsexuals, safety takes priority over sexuality; this is the key finding that dictates a reevaluation of the absolute priority so often afforded sexuality in psychoanalytic theory. The way medical culture shaped the diagnosis of transsexualism and provided a surgical resolution is a premier example of what I call a shared cultural fantasy (Person, 1995). The medical endorsement of transsexualism as a biological disorder tilted the treatment toward a surgical resolution.
Studies on the management of mouse leukemia (L1210) with antagonists of folic acid.

By the employment of appropriate procedures of administration of folic acid antagonists, with or without delayed administration of CF, it was possible, when treatment was initiated several days following implantation, to demonstrate extended survival time of leukemic mice. It was also possible to obtain a significant number of survivors of leukemia. The inoculum level was well above the level which gave 100 per cent takes in untreated animals, and the occurrence of survivors of leukemia apparently resulted from the treatment. Leukemic cells from mice that succumbed after an extensive period of treatment with A-methopterin showed little or no evidence of resistance. The efficacy of treatment on extended multiple treatment schedules, as was formerly observed on limited treatment schedules, appears to be governed primarily by the host-tumor relationship. Factors which may govern this relationship are discussed.
Bundling sport events with the host destination

Abstract An emerging challenge in sport event tourism is to incorporate events more strategically into the host destination's overall mix of tourism products and services. An effective means is to bundle event elements with the host destination's attractions using a mixed bundling strategy. Appropriate event elements include activities that support the subculture of the sport, as well as complementary cultural events. Appropriate destination attractions include sightseeing, visits to destination‐specific attractions, opportunities to shop, and activities consistent with the values or interests of the sport subculture. The potential for bundling sport event elements with the host destination's attractions is illustrated for eight bundle components and two destination features at the Gold Coast Marathon. Conjoint analysis followed by clustering identified four distinct market segments among a sample of 277 distance runners from two large domestic source markets. On the basis of cluster profiles, the segments were labeled: dedicated runners, running tourists, active runners, and runners who shop. Some host destination attractions were attractive to all but the dedicated runner segment. However, different segments were attracted to different attractions. It is argued that further work is needed to elaborate optimal procedures for bundling sport event elements with activities and attractions at host destinations.
Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibits Campylobacter jejuni-Induced Claudin-4 Disruption, Loss of Epithelial Barrier Function, and Escherichia coli Translocation

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of acute bacterial enteritis in humans. Poultry serves as a major reservoir of C. jejuni and is thought to act as a principal vehicle of transmission to humans. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small amino acid peptide that exerts a broad range of activities on the intestinal epithelium. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of EGF on C. jejuni intestinal colonization in newly hatched chicks and to characterize its effects on C. jejuni-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption. White Leghorn chicks were treated with EGF daily, starting 1 day prior to C. jejuni infection, and were compared to control and C. jejuni-infected, EGF-treated chicks. Infected chicks shed C. jejuni in their feces throughout the study period. C. jejuni colonized the small intestine and cecum, disseminated to extraintestinal organs, and caused jejunal villus atrophy. EGF reduced jejunal colonization and dissemination of C. jejuni to the liver and spleen. In EGF-treated C. jejuni-infected chicks, villus height was not significantly different from that in untreated C. jejuni-infected chicks or controls. In vitro, C. jejuni attached to and invaded intestinal epithelial cells, disrupted tight junctional claudin-4, and increased transepithelial permeability. C. jejuni also promoted the translocation of noninvasive Escherichia coli C25. These C. jejuni-induced epithelial abnormalities were abolished by pretreatment with EGF, and the effect was dependent upon activation of the EGF receptor. These findings highlight EGF's ability to alter colonization of C. jejuni in the intestinal tract and to protect against pathogen-induced barrier defects.
A new class of strictly nonblocking WDM multicast switching networks

In this paper, a new design for strictly nonblocking WDM networks with full permutation and multicast switching capability is proposed. In the proposed design, we use space concentrators to reduce the switching complexity and multi-wavelength converters to reduce the cost of wavelength conversion in the network. A multi-wavelength converter is capable of simultaneously replicating a signal on an input wavelength to several different output wavelengths. The proposed approach provides a versatile framework for designing multicast switching networks with many a different tradeoffs between switching and conversion complexities to meet variety of application needs and technology constraints. A comparative analysis of the proposed multicast switching network and the existing design is also presented.
Plasma cell development and survival

Summary: Plasma cells have long been recognized as the basis of humoral immunity, yet we are only now beginning to appreciate the complexities of plasma cell development and the fact that not all plasma cells are created equal. In vivo, plasma cells can arise from two developmental routes: one occurring outside the follicle and another within the germinal center. A B cell’s decision to follow one of these pathways is in part determined by the phenotypic subset to which it belongs and is also influenced by the nature of the antigen eliciting the response and the affinity of the B‐cell receptor for that antigen. Once a plasma cell has chosen one of these pathways, the outcome of differentiation is relatively hard‐wired. However, the phenotype of the plasma cells arising from these two pathways is distinct in terms of survival, location, and the quantity and quality of antibody they secrete. The extra‐follicular pathway represents a relatively unchecked route to differentiation resulting in the generation of short‐lived plasma cells that secrete low‐affinity antibody. The germinal center response, however, allows the integration of external signals to delay plasma cell differentiation, eventually generating a plasma cell that secretes high‐affinity antibody of an appropriate class, and that persists for a lifetime. The means by which these varying properties are conferred to a developing plasma cell are the subject of intense investigation.