Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconciling specialization and flexibility through compound circuits

While parallelism and multi-cores are receiving much attention as a major scalability path, customization is another, orthogonal and complementary, scalability path which can target not easily parallelizable programs or program sections. The key assets of customization are cost and power efficiency. The key limitation of customization is flexibility. However, we argue that there is no perfect balance between efficiency and flexibility, each system vendor may want to strike a different such balance. In this article, we present a method for achieving any desired balance between flexibility and efficiency by automatically combining any set of individual customization circuits into a larger compound circuit. This circuit is significantly more cost efficient than the simple union of all target circuits, and is configurable to behave as any of the target circuits, while avoiding the routing and configuration cost overhead of FPGAs. The more individual circuits are included, the larger the number of applications which can potentially benefit from this compound customization circuit, realizing flexibility at a minimal cost. Moreover, we observe that the compound circuit cost does not increase in proportion to the number of target applications, due to the wide range of common data-flow and control-flow patterns in programs. Currently, the target individual circuits correspond to loops, like most accelerators in embedded systems, but the aggregation method can accommodate circuits of any size. Using the UTDSP benchmarks and accelerators coupled with an embedded PowerPC405 processor, we show that this approach can yield an average performance improvement of 2.97, while the corresponding synthesized aggregate accelerator is 3 time smaller than the sum of individual accelerators for each target benchmark.
A mechanism responsible for the induction of H-2 restricted second order suppressor T cells

The mechanism by which I-J restrictions were imposed on second-order suppressor cells (Ts2) was analyzed. The induction of Ts2 cells requires presentation of an inducer suppressor factor by a specialized population of factor-presenting cells. The I-J phenotype of this factor- presenting population controls the H-2 restriction of the Ts2 cells. The splenic cells responsible for presenting inducer factor appear to be of macrophage or dendritic cell lineage. Several homologies exist between the mechanism responsible for the induction of H-2-restricted suppressor and helper T cells. Thus, the I region products on specialized presenting cells determine the specificity and genetic restrictions of the T cell. In an H-2 heterozygous F1 animal, two distinct populations of cells can be induced, one specific for each parental H-2 heplotype. Furthermore, the data suggest that the suppressor cells also bear receptors for self H-2 products. The ramifications of these observations for the suppressor cell cascade are discussed.
Generation of Summaries that Appropriately and Adequately Express the Contents of Original Documents Using Word-Association Knowledge

In this study, our purpose was to make a short summary for sentences. For example, we aimed to make a short summary “terror” for sentences “A bomb went off. Some people were killed. This was triggered by rebel campaign. ” In this study, we proposed a new method that generates summaries that can appropriately and adequately express the contents of their respective original documents using word-association knowledge. In this method, we assumed that a good summary comprises words that can express the contents of the original document and does not contain words that are unable to express the contents of the original document. Using statistical tests, we confirmed that the use of elements in our method was beneficial. Our method obtained 0.75 as the ratio where the top 10 summaries for each document include a correct summary and 0.45 as the mean reciprocal rank (MRR) in the “lenient” case of experiments.
Gut Microbiota and Brain Function: An Evolving Field in Neuroscience

There is a growing appreciation of the importance of gut microbiota to health and disease. This has been driven by advances in sequencing technology and recent findings demonstrating the important role of microbiota in common health disorders such as obesity. Moreover, the potential role of gut microbiota in influencing brain function, behavior, and mental health has attracted the attention of neuroscientists and psychiatrists. At the 29th International College of Neuropsychopharmacology (CINP) World Congress held in Vancouver, Canada, in June 2014, a group of experts presented the symposium, “Gut microbiota and brain function: Relevance to psychiatric disorders” to review the latest findings in how gut microbiota may play a role in brain function, behavior, and disease. The symposium covered a broad range of topics, including gut microbiota and neuroendocrine function, the influence of gut microbiota on behavior, probiotics as regulators of brain and behavior, and imaging the gut-brain axis in humans. This report provides an overview of these presentations.
TrDup: enhancing secure data deduplication with user traceability in cloud computing

Data deduplication is a special type of resource usage optimisation. It leads to reduction of the used storage space and network bandwidth by eliminating duplicate copies of the same data file. Convergent encryption, as the state-of-art approach, has been widely adopted to perform secure deduplication in the cross-user scenario. However, all prior solutions do not support user traceability: there is no way to trace the identities of malicious users in case of duplicate faking attacks. To cope with this problem, we propose a deduplication scheme called TrDup. It realises traceability of malicious user's identity by incorporating traceable signatures with message-locked encryption technique. The TrDup construction is followed by its formal security analysis.
( 5 , 2 )-Coloring of Sparse Graphs

We prove that every triangle-free graph whose subgraphs all have average degree less than 12/5 has a (5, 2)-coloring. This includes planar and projective-planar graphs with girth at least 12. Also, the degree result is sharp; we construct a minimal non(5, 2)-colorable triangle-free graph with 10 vertices that has average degree 12/5.
Stroke-induced Immunodeficiency Promotes Spontaneous Bacterial Infections and Is Mediated by Sympathetic Activation Reversal by Poststroke T Helper Cell Type 1–like Immunostimulation

Infections are a leading cause of death in stroke patients. In a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia, we tested the hypothesis that a stroke-induced immunodeficiency increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. 3 d after ischemia, all animals developed spontaneous septicemia and pneumonia. Stroke induced an extensive apoptotic loss of lymphocytes and a shift from T helper cell (Th)1 to Th2 cytokine production. Adoptive transfer of T and natural killer cells from wild-type mice, but not from interferon (IFN)-γ–deficient mice, or administration of IFN-γ at day 1 after stroke greatly decreased the bacterial burden. Importantly, the defective IFN-γ response and the occurrence of bacterial infections were prevented by blocking the sympathetic nervous system but not the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Furthermore, administration of the β-adrenoreceptor blocker propranolol drastically reduced mortality after stroke. These data suggest that a catecholamine-mediated defect in early lymphocyte activation is the key factor in the impaired antibacterial immune response after stroke.
Inventing Japan’s ‘robotics culture’: The repeated assembly of science, technology, and culture in social robotics

Using interviews, participant observation, and published documents, this article analyzes the co-construction of robotics and culture in Japan through the technical discourse and practices of robotics researchers. Three cases from current robotics research – the seal-like robot PARO, the Humanoid Robotics Project HRP-2 humanoid, and ‘kansei robotics’ – show the different ways in which scientists invoke culture to provide epistemological grounding and possibilities for social acceptance of their work. These examples show how the production and consumption of social robotic technologies are associated with traditional crafts and values, how roboticists negotiate among social, technical, and cultural constraints while designing robots, and how humans and robots are constructed as cultural subjects in social robotics discourse. The conceptual focus is on the repeated assembly of cultural models of social behavior, organization, cognition, and technology through roboticists’ narratives about the development of advanced robotic technologies. This article provides a picture of robotics as the dynamic construction of technology and culture and concludes with a discussion of the limits and possibilities of this vision in promoting a culturally situated understanding of technology and a multicultural view of science.
Enhancing Fuzzing Technique for OKL4 Syscalls Testing

Virtual machine monitor is a hot topic in the embedded community. Apart from high end system, current processors for embedded systems do not have any instructions helping to virtualize an operating system. Based on this fact, most of the current hyper visors for embedded devices use the Para virtualization technique. This is the case of the OKL4 kernel which is based on the L4 micro-kernel and implements among other the Linux kernel as guest OS. We introduce our ongoing work for testing the security of OKL4. We have chosen to focus on the most low level OKL4 interface usable from an external actor: the system call API. Because all operating system components use directly or indirectly these system calls, a minor flaw at this level can impact in chain the entire system including a virtualized kernel. We have developed a model describing the OKL4 system calls. This model also contains all constraints applicable to a system call. Based on these models, we are working on a tool using the constraints to compute a reduced set of system call input values which are highly likely to generate flaws in OKL4 if they are not fully checked by the hypervisor.
Learning the fusion of multiple video analysis detectors

This paper presents a new fusion scheme for enhancing the result quality based on the combination of multiple different detectors. We present a study showing the fusion of multiple video analysis detectors like "detecting unattended luggage" in video sequences. One of the problems is the time jitter between different detectors, i.e. typically one system can trigger an event several seconds before another one. Another issue is the computation of the adequate fusion of realigned events. We propose a fusion system that overcomes these problems by being able (i) In the learning stage to match off-line the ground truth events with the result of the detectors events using a dynamic programming scheme (ii) To learn the relation between ground truth and result (iii) To fusion in real-time the events from different detectors thanks to the learning stage in order to maximize the global quality of result. We show promising results by combining outputs of different video analysis detector technologies.
Transfert des pratiques de GRH dans les multinationales françaises : le cas des filiales françaises en Chine

Notre recherche porte sur les pratiques de GRH transferees par les maisons meres vers leurs filiales etrangeres. Pour cela, nous etudions les impacts de trois niveaux de facteurs (pays, organisation et individus) affectant le processus de transfert des pratiques de GRH dans les multinationales. Nous verifions l’effet des differences cultuelles, des interactions institutionnelles, du mode d’entree et les roles des expatries sur ce transfert. Notre recherche repose sur l’etude de cas de huit filiales multinationales francaises implantees en Chine. Nos resultats montrent que les filiales francaises ont tendance a adopter massivement les pratiques des maisons meres. Plus que les differences culturelles, les interactions institutionnelles et les modes d’entree determinent le transfert des pratiques de GRH a l’international. En meme temps, nous verifierons les roles des expatries dans la procedure de transfert.
Numerical Approximation of Phase Field Based Shape and Topology Optimization for Fluids

We consider the problem of finding optimal shapes of fluid domains. The fluid obeys the Navier--Stokes equations. Inside a holdall container we use a phase field approach using diffuse interfaces to describe the domain of free flow. We formulate a corresponding optimization problem where flow outside the fluid domain is penalized. The resulting formulation of the shape optimization problem is shown to be well-posed, hence there exists a minimizer, and first order optimality conditions are derived. For the numerical realization we introduce a mass conserving gradient flow and obtain a Cahn--Hilliard type system, which is integrated numerically using the finite element method. An adaptive concept using reliable, residual based error estimation is exploited for the resolution of the spatial mesh. The overall concept is numerically investigated and comparison values are provided.
Prevalence Study among University Students in Belarus: To What Extent Do Foreigners Experience Alcohol Problems?

There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of alcohol use and related problems among foreign students in Belarus. We therefore screen for the prevalence of alcohol related problems among the general foreign students’ population in Minsk, Belarus. Participants were 135 male university foreign students (average age – 21) from three major universities in Minsk, Belarus. All respondents were administered questionnaire, containing the AUDIT, CAGE, MAST and other alcohol related questions. Overall, 62.2% (n=84) alcohol users and 31.1% (n=42) problem drinkers were identified on the AUDIT. There was a significant increase (from 39.3% to 60.7%) of the total alcohol users after arrival in Belarus (χ = 7.714, p<0.02). This study shows that the prevalence of alcohol related problems is high among the foreign students’ population in Minsk, Belarus. Keywords—Alcohol related problems, Male foreign students, Prevalence.
Cycles of even lengths modulo k

Thomassen [J Graph Theory 7 (1983), 261–271] conjectured that for all positive integers k and m, every graph of minimum degree at least k+1 contains a cycle of length congruent to 2m modulo k. We prove that this is true for k⩾2 if the minimum degree is at least 2k−1, which improves the previously known bound of 3k−2. We also show that Thomassen's conjecture is true for m = 2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 246–252, 2010
Toward Interactive Grounded Language Acqusition

—This paper addresses the problem of enabling robots to interactively learn visual and spatial models from multi-modal interactions involving speech, gesture and images. Our approach, called Logical Semantics with Perception (LSP), provides a natural and intuitive interface by signiﬁcantly reducing the amount of supervision that a human is required to provide. This paper demonstrates LSP in an interactive setting. Given speech and gesture input, LSP is able to learn object and relation classiﬁers for objects like mugs and relations like left and right. We extend LSP to generate complex natural language descriptions of selected objects using adjectives, nouns and relations, such as “the orange mug to the right of the green book. ” Furthermore, we extend LSP to incorporate determiners (e.g., “the”) into its training procedure, enabling the model to generate acceptable relational language 20% more often than the unaugmented model.
Inside the Double Bind: A Synthesis of Empirical Research on Undergraduate and Graduate Women of Color in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

In this article, Maria Ong, Carol Wright, Lorelle Espinosa, and Gary Orfield review nearly forty years of scholarship on the postsecondary educational experiences of women of color in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Their synthesis of 116 works of scholarship provides insight into the factors that influence the retention, persistence, and achievement of women of color in STEM fields. They argue that the current underrepresentation of women of color in STEM fields represents an unconscionable underutilization of our nation's human capital and raises concerns of equity in the U.S. educational and employment systems. They refute the pervasive myth that underrepresented minority women are less interested in pursuing STEM fields and then present a complex portrait of the myriad factors that influence the undergraduate and graduate experiences of women of color in STEM fields. Finally, the authors discuss the policy implications of their findings and highlight gaps in the literature wh.
Textual, Executable, Translatable UML

This paper advocates the application of language embedding for executable UML modeling. In particular, txtUML is presented, a Java API and library to build UML models using Java syntax, then run and debug them by reusing the Java runtime environment and existing debuggers. Models can be visualized using the Papyrus editor of the Eclipse Modeling Framework and compiled to implementation languages. The paper motivates this solution, gives an overview of the language API, visualization and model compilation. Finally, implementation details involving Java threads, reflection and AspectJ are presented.
On quantifying the quality of CDS-based virtual backbones in mobile ad hoc networks

We propose to study the quality of CDS-based virtual backbones generated by fully distributed algorithms in mobile environments. As virtual-backbones may be used for different purposes, the importance of a characteristic may vary accordingly. In order to deal with this variety issue, we provide a set of quality criteria quantifying different suitable aspects for virtual backbones in mobile ad hoc networks. Distributed and localized algorithms are then compared through simulations with respect to these measures and criterion-specific optimizations are proposed for the Blackbone2 algorithm.
The Viewserver Hierarchy for Interdomain Routing: Protocols and Evaluation

We present an interdomain routing protocol based on a new hierarchy, referred to as the viewserver hierarchy. The protocol satisfies policy and type of service (ToS) constraints, adapts to dynamic topology changes including failures that partition domains, and scales well to a large number of domains without losing detail (unlike the usual scaling technique of aggregating domains into superdomains). Domain-level views are maintained by special nodes called viewservers. Each viewserver maintains a view of a surrounding precinct. Viewservers are organized hierarchically. To obtain domain-level source routes, the views of one or more viewservers are merged (up to a maximum of twice the levels in the hierarchy). We also present a model for evaluating interdomain routing protocols, and apply this model to compare our viewserver hierarchy against the simple approach where each node maintains a domain-level view of the entire internetwork. Our results indicate that the viewserver hierarchy finds many short valid paths and reduces the amount of memory requirement by two orders of magnitude. >
Gender, Farmwork and Women''s Migration from Lesotho

AbstractOn a observe ces dix dernieres annees une importante augmentation du nombre des femmes venues d’etats voisins emigrer en Afrique du sud. La specificite and le caractere profondement feminin de ce mouvement n’ont pas encore ete pleinement reconnus par les chercheurs ou les faiseurs de politiques. Il est important de signaler le commencement d’une reconfiguration basee sur le sexe du contrat de travail officiel des immigrants, jusque la representatif d’une immigration uniquement masculine. Cet article examine le nouveau mouvement d’immigrantes sous contrat, venues du Lesotho travailler dans les fermes sud-africaines. L’article decouvre les origines de ce mouvement dans les changements des imperatifs de production et de marche de la main-d’oeuvre en Afrique du sud, et dans les strategies domestiques de survie a l’interieur du Lesotho. Il explore aussi les relations reciproques entre la migration des femmes et celle des hommes. Il souligne les conditions difficiles de vie et de travail dans les fermes.
Phosphorus and potassium content of enhanced meat and poultry products: implications for patients who receive dialysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Uncooked meat and poultry products are commonly enhanced by food processors using phosphate salts. The addition of potassium and phosphorus to these foods has been recognized but not quantified. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We measured the phosphorus, potassium, and protein content of 36 uncooked meat and poultry products: Phosphorus using the Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC) official method 984.27, potassium using AOAC official method 985.01, and protein using AOAC official method 990.03. RESULTS Products that reported the use of additives had an average phosphate-protein ratio 28% higher than additive free products; the content ranged up to almost 100% higher. Potassium content in foods with additives varied widely; additive free products all contained <387 mg/100 g, whereas five of the 25 products with additives contained at least 692 mg/100 g (maximum 930 mg/100 g). Most but not all foods with phosphate and potassium additives reported the additives (unquantified) on the labeling; eight of 25 enhanced products did not list the additives. The results cannot be applied to other products. The composition of the food additives used by food processors may change over time. CONCLUSIONS Uncooked meat and poultry products that are enhanced may contain additives that increase phosphorus and potassium content by as much as almost two- and three-fold, respectively; this modification may not be discernible from inspection of the food label.
Rapid Publications Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the Insulin Gene in Diabetes Mellitus

DAVID OWERBACH AND J0RN NERUP SUMMARY Variant DNA sequences flanking the human insulin gene were found in the Danish population using restriction endonucleases (restriction fragment length polymorphism). The frequencies of these DNA sequences were determined in 47 non-insulin-dependent diabetics and 93 control individuals. We report an association between a restriction fragment length polymorphism of the insulin gene and NIDDM. DIABETES 31:275-277, March 1982.
Grounding clinical and cognitive scientists in an interdisciplinary discussion

In most clinical approaches the body receives little attention. In cognitive science, in contrast, the embodied and grounded perspective, which emphasizes the importance of the body, has been intensively explored over the last decade. The present article aims to engage theorists of embodied cognition and clinical experts in a discussion encouraging them to consider the insights that may arise from each other’s approaches. In a review of the cognitive and clinical literature substantial overlap is revealed between cognitive and clinical domains.