Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 2012 status of the MCAO testbed for the GREGOR solar telescope

We look back on two years of experience with the laboratory MCAO testbed for the GREGOR solar telescope. GREGOR’s MCAO features four adaptive mirrors, i. e. one tip-tilt mirror, and three DMs to compensate for turbulence around 0 km, 5 km, and 15.5 km above ground. Two different Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor units are used for wavefront tomography. A sensor with a narrow field of view and smaller subapertures is dedicated to high-order aberrations on the optical axis. This sensor directly follows the pupil plane DM and does not see the high-altitude DMs. The second sensor features larger subapertures and 19 guide regions spread over a wide field of view for off-axis wavefront sensing. We show that high-altitude DMs cause rapidly changing pupil distortions and thus misregistration, which renders the interaction of a pupil-plane DM and a subsequent wavefront sensor non-linear. We rewrote the control software for cleaner and more flexible code, and we switched to modal wavefront reconstruction from direct reconstruction. The original digital interfacing of the DMs high-voltage electronics didn’t prove to be reliable. Thus, we developed a new interface board that is based on CameraLink/ChannelLink technology to transmit the DM commands from the control computer. In this paper we present the innovations and some of the first experimental performance measurements with two DMs. One DM failed before scientific grade data was recorded with three DMs. This DM will be replaced soon. We conclude that GREGOR’s MCAO system is now ready for first on-sky tests at the telescope.
Intercomparison of NDSC Ground-Based Solar FTIR Measurements of Atmospheric Gases at Lauder, New Zealand

Abstract A formal intercomparison of atmospheric total column measurements of N2O, N2, CH4, O3, HCl, HNO3, and HF by two ground-based solar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers conducted as part of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) instrument certification procedure at Lauder, New Zealand, is presented. The two instruments were nominally very similar, collocated, and collected data at the same times. Collected spectra were analyzed independently by the individual operators in a blind-phase intercomparison, then reanalyzed by a single operator using identical analysis methods to eliminate any potential bias from the spectral analysis. From the consistent reanalysis, gases with predominantly tropospheric distributions and pressure-broadened spectral lines, such as N2O and CH4, showed differences between retrieved columns of typically less than 1%. For predominantly stratospheric gases, such as HCl and O3, differences were less than 3%. In most cases, the differences wer.
Self-assisted GaAs nanowires with selectable number density on Silicon without oxide layer

We present the growth of self-assisted GaAs nanowires (NWs) with selectable number density on bare Si(1 1 1), not covered by the silicon oxide. We determine the number density of the NWs by initially self-assembling GaAs islands on whose top a single NW is nucleated. The number density of the initial GaAs base islands can be tuned by droplet epitaxy and the same degree of control is then transferred to the NWs. This procedure is completely performed during a single growth in an ultra-high vacuum environment and requires neither an oxide layer covering the substrate, nor any pre-patterning technique.
Self-Similar Spatiotemporal Structure of Intermaterial Boundaries in Chaotic Flows

The evolution of macroscopic material closed filaments in a time-periodic chaotic 2D flow is simulated for cases with large, small, and very small islands of regular motion using an algorithm that preserves spatial continuity. The length of the stretched filament increases much faster than predicted by the Liapunov exponent. In chaotic regions, the filament asymptotically evolves into a self-similar structure with permanent spatial nonuniformities in density. Filament densities and local length scales corresponding to different times are described by families of frequency distributions with invariant shape that can be collapsed onto a single curve by means of a simple scaling.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Protect Artemia salina from Fish Pathogen Aeromonas sp.: A Combined In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approach

Antibiotic resistance is an alarming threat all over the world, and the biofilm formation efficacy of bacteria is making the situation worse. The antagonistic efficacy of Klebsiella pneumoniae against one of the known fish pathogens, Aeromonas sp. , is examined in this study. Moreover, Aeromonas sp. ’s biofilm formation ability and in vivo pathogenicity on Artemia salina are also justified here. Firstly, six selected bacterial strains were used to obtain antimicrobial compounds against this pathogenic strain. Among those, Klebsiella pneumoniae, another pathogenic bacterium, surprisingly demonstrated remarkable antagonistic activity against Aeromonas sp. in both in vitro and in vivo assays. The biofilm distrusting potentiality of Klebsiella pneumoniae’s cell-free supernatants (CFSs) was likewise found to be around 56%. Furthermore, the volatile compounds of Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified by GC-MS in order to explore compounds with antibacterial efficacy against Aeromonas sp. through an in silico study, where 5′-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) (PDB: 5B7P) was chosen as a target protein for its unique characteristics and pathogenicity. Several volatile compounds, such as oxime- methoxy-phenyl-, fluoren-9-ol, 3,6-dimethoxy-9-(2-phenylethynyl)-, and 2H-indol-2-one, 1,3-dihydro- showed a strong binding affinity, with free energy of −6.7, −7.1, and −6.4 Kcal/mol, respectively, in complexes with the protein MTAN. Moreover, the root-mean-square deviation, solvent-accessible surface area, radius of gyration, root-mean-square fluctuations, and hydrogen bonds were used to ensure the binding stability of the docked complexes in the atomistic simulation. Thus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and its potential compounds can be employed as an alternative to antibiotics for aquaculture, demonstrating their effectiveness in suppressing Aeromonas sp.
Second Viscosity of the Gas in the Outer Solar Envelope

The theory of second viscosity is applied to the gas in the outer solar envelope. It is assumed that this viscosity arises because of the finite relaxation time characterizing the exchange of translational energy of electrons and the internal, binding energy of the electrons in hydrogen atoms. Radiative and three-body recombinations with electrons, and charge exchange with H(-) are assumed to be the dominant processes determining the relaxation times. The second viscosity so calculated is seven orders of magnitude larger than the ordinary viscosity in the upper photosphere (log Pg = 3.2). Some 2000 km below this level, it is still nearly 2 orders of magnitude larger, according to current estimates. 19 refs.
Smoking on the shoulders of giants - An application of the two-part model to Swedish longitudinal data

As the title implies this study builds upon earlier research in the area to obtain an increased understanding of the determinants of smoking. Starting from the household production model (Becker 1965; Grossman 1972), the decisions of smoking participation and intensity of cigarette consumption are estimated in two sets of Two-part Models (2PM). Due to the characteristics of the data – the first three “health waves” of the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions (ULF) – both a dynamic and a static specification of the models are employed. The study finds that irrespective of how addiction is measured, past behavior strongly affects the smoking decisions. Among the other findings, the effect of aging is shown to have a pattern of an inverse u-curve. Moreover, full income does not affect the decisions, whereas experiencing financial stress has a positive effect throughout the models. The negative effects of higher education and having several children living in the household go primarily through the participation decision.
Family Member Incarceration, Psychological Stress, and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Mexican Women (2012-2016).

Objectives. To examine the association between family member incarceration, psychological stress, and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods. Between 2012 and 2016, 1849 CVD-free women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort responded to questions on family incarceration from the Life Stressor Checklist. Perceived stress and hair cortisol levels were measured in a subset of participants. Carotid intima-media thickness was measured, and carotid atherosclerosis was determined in all participants. We used multivariable quantile, linear, and logistic regression models to evaluate the association between family member incarceration, stress, and subclinical CVD.Results. Among women with a mean age of 49.7 years (SD ±5.2), 15.3% reported family member incarceration. We found that both perceived stress and hair cortisol levels were significantly higher in women with an incarcerated family member relative to women without one. After multivariable adjustment, women who reported family member incarceration had 41% (95% confidence interval = 1.04, 2.00) higher odds of carotid atherosclerosis compared with those who did not.Conclusions. Family member incarceration was associated with robust markers of stress and cardiovascular risk. Mass incarceration may have a long-lasting impact on physical health of affected families.
A Comprehensive Overview of Power Converter Applied in High-Power Wind Turbine: Key Challenges and Potential Solutions

The increasing penetration of offshore wind power generation promotes the revolution of wind turbine toward high-power application. The development of high-power wind turbine undoubtedly poses new technical challenges. This article presents a comprehensive overview for high-power wind energy conversion system (WECS) from key technique aspects, including topologies, stability, reliability, and ancillary service capability, and further investigates the key challenges and potential solutions. The various topologies of power converter applied in high-power wind turbine are first reviewed and discussed. The different semiconductor technology, including recent wide bandgap devices, and their potential contributions for offshore high-power converters are discussed. Furthermore, the potential stability issues of high-power WECS are investigated and reviewed. Also, the stabilization control strategies are discussed. Further, the reliability issue and enhancement strategies of high-power WECS are discussed, including condition monitoring, active thermal control strategy, and fault-tolerant operation method. In addition, the ancillary service capability of high-power WECS, including frequency-active power control capability and voltage-reactive power control capability, is reviewed. Finally, the future trends and potential solutions are discussed in this article.
Red active galactic nuclei in XMM–Newton/Sloan Digital Sky Survey fields

In this paper we combine archival and proprietary XMM-Newton observations (about 5 deg 2 ) that overlap with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to explore the nature of the moderate-z X-ray population. We focus on X-ray sources with optically red colours (g - r > 0.4), which we argue are important for understanding the origin of the X-ray background (XRB). First, these systems constitute a significant fraction, about two-third, of the z? 1 X-ray population to the limit f(2-8 keV) ≈ 2 × 10 -14 erg s -1 cm -2 . Secondly, their luminosity function under evolution of the form α (1 + z) 3 suggests that they could be responsible for about 17 per cent of the diffuse XRB to z = 1. Thirdly, their stacked X-ray spectrum in the range 1-8 keV is consistent with a power-law distribution with r ≈ 1.4 (without fitting intrinsic absorption), that is, similar to the diffuse XRB. We find that the optically red X-ray population comprises a mixed bag of objects, both obscured [hydrogen column density (N H ) > 10 22 cm -2 ] and unobscured (N H 2 mag) AGNs identified in the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS). The median N H of the red X-ray sources studied here is ≈10 21 cm -2 , lower than that found for the 2MASS AGNs, suggesting different populations.
A Method for Constructing a Barker-like Sequences based on Ideal Ring Вundles

To date, all major reserves for improving the quality of wireless communication are almost exhausted. It is becoming clear to all wireless network designers and manufacturers that instead of using the standard principles of network efficiency enhancement, they should focus their efforts on implementing other principles of radio exchange by creating new code sequences. The Barker-like sequence is taken as the main sequence, and then each element of the main sequence is replaced by a direct or inverse additional Barker-like sequence, depending on whether there is zero or one in the main Barker-like sequence. An algorithm for the synthesis of Barker-like sequences using ideal ring bundles of different types is proposed. The method of constructing Barker combined signals and their autocorrelation functions are considered. The simulation of the obtained Barker-like sequences in the LabVIEW software environment is performed.
High performances CNTFETs achieved using CNT networks for selective gas sensing

Our study deals with the utilization of carbon nanotubes networks based transistors with different metal electrodes for highly selective gas sensing. Indeed, carbon nanotubes networks can be used as semi conducting materials to achieve good performances transistors. These devices are extremely sensitive to the change of the Schottky barrier heights between Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) and drain/source metal electrodes: the gas adsorption creates an interfacial dipole that modifies the metal work function and so the bending and the height of the Schottky barrier at the contacts. Moreover each gas interacts specifically with each metal identifying a sort of electronic fingerprinting. Using airbrush technique for deposition, we have been able to achieve uniform random networks of carbon nanotubes suitable for large area applications and mass production such as fabrication of CNT based gas sensors. These networks enable us to achieve transistors with on/off ratio of more than 5 orders of magnitude. To reach these characteristics, the density of the CNT network has been adjusted in order to reach the percolation threshold only for semi-conducting nanotubes. These optimized devices have allowed us to tune the sensitivity (improving it) of our sensors for highly selective detection of DiMethyl-Methyl-Phosphonate (DMMP, a sarin stimulant), and even volatile drug precursors using Pd, Au and Mo electrodes.
Frying the egg, roasting the chicken: unit deletions in DRAT proofs

The clausal proof format DRAT is the standard de facto to certify SAT solvers' unsatisfiability results. DRAT proofs act as logs of clause inferences and clause deletions in the solver. The non-monotonic nature of the proof system makes deletions relevant. State-of-the-art proof checkers ignore deletions of unit clauses, differing from the standard in meaningful ways that require adaptions when proofs are generated or used for purposes other than checking. On the other hand, dealing with unit deletions in the proof checker breaks many of the usual invariants used for efficiency reasons. Furthermore, many SAT solvers introduce spurious unit deletions in proofs. These deletions are never intended to be applied in the checker but are nevertheless introduced, making many proofs generated by state-of-the-art solvers incorrect. We present the first competitive DRAT checker that honors unit deletions, as well as fixes for the spurious deletion issue in proof generation. Our experimental results confirm that unit deletions can be applied with similar average performance to state-of-the-art checkers. We also confirm that a large fraction of the proofs generated during the last SAT solving competition do not respect the DRAT standard. This result was confirmed with proof incorrectness certificates that were independently validated. We find that our proof incorrectness certificates can be of help when debugging SAT solvers and DRAT checkers.
Focusing and Orientation of Symmetric‐Top Molecules with the Electric Six‐Pole Field

The electric six‐pole field is employed for focusing of beams of symmetric‐top molecules via the first‐order Stark effect. Molecules capable of a specified degree of orientation of dipole moment with respect to an electric‐field vector can be selected according to the voltage applied to the electrodes of the six‐pole field. The rotational angular momentum of the focused molecules can also be well aligned with the field. Experiments with CH3I and CHI3, prolate and oblate tops, have been carried out to illustrate the method.
Estimation of the two‐dimensional spectrum of the space‐time noise field for a sparse line array

For a line array immersed in a stationary homogeneous noise field composed of plane waves of differing speeds and angles of arrival, standard beamforming is not useful for estimating the noise spectrum directionality. However, the two‐dimensional spectrum of the received noise field enables resolution in temporal‐frequency and in spatial‐frequency and can thereby indicate the temporal‐frequency content and the apparent speed along the line array of plane‐wave arrivals. The interrelationships and attributes of the space‐time correlation, the cross‐spectrum, and the two‐dimensional spectrum are presented and interpreted via simple examples. A technique for estimation of the two‐dimensional spectrum for a sparse line array and examples of its use and interpretation are given.
Lipid Nanoparticles Functionalized with Antibodies for Anticancer Drug Therapy

Nanotechnology takes the lead in providing new therapeutic options for cancer patients. In the last decades, lipid-based nanoparticles—solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), liposomes, and lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles—have received particular interest in anticancer drug delivery to solid tumors. To improve selectivity for target cells and, thus, therapeutic efficacy, lipid nanoparticles have been functionalized with antibodies that bind to receptors overexpressed in angiogenic endothelial cells or cancer cells. Most papers dealing with the preclinical results of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles claim low systemic toxicity and effective tumor inhibition, which have not been successfully translated into clinical use yet. This review aims to summarize the current “state-of-the-art” in anticancer drug delivery using antibody-functionalized lipid-based nanoparticles. It includes an update on promising candidates that entered clinical trials and some explanations for low translation success.
Weak dependence for infinite ARCH-type bilinear models

Giraitis and Surgailis [Giraitis, L. , Surgailis, D. , 2002, ARCH-type bilinear models with double long memory. Stochastic Processes and their Applicatons, 100, 275–300. ] introduced ARCH-type bilinear models for their specific long-range dependence properties. We rather consider weak-dependence properties of these models. The computation of mixing coefficients for such models does not look as an accessible objective. So, we resort to the notion of weak dependence introduced by Doukhan and Louhichi [Doukhan, P., Louhichi, S. , 1999, A new weak dependence condition and applications to moment inequalities, Stochastic Processes and their Applications, 84, 313–342. ], whose use seems more relevant here. The decay rate of the weak-dependence coefficients sequence is established under different specifications of the model coefficients. This implies various limit theorems and asymptotics for statistical procedures. We also derive bounds for the joint densities of this model in the case of regular inputs.
Clinical significance of acute care surgery system as a part of hospital medical emergency team for hospitalized patients

Purpose Acute care surgery (ACS) has been practiced in several tertiary hospitals in South Korea since the late 2000s. The medical emergency team (MET) has improved the management of patients with clinical deterioration during hospitalization. This study aimed to identify the clinical effectiveness of collaboration between ACS and MET in hospitalized patients. Methods This was an observational before-and-after study. Emergency surgical cases of hospitalized patients were included in this study. Patients hospitalized in the Department of Emergency Medicine or Department of Surgery, directly comanaged by ACS were excluded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality rate. The secondary outcome was the alarm-to-operation interval, as recorded by a Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) of >4. Results In total, 240 patients were included in the analysis (131 in the pre-ACS group and 109 in the post-ACS group). The in-hospital mortality rates in the pre- and post-ACS groups were 17.6% and 22.9%, respectively (P = 0.300). MEWS of >4 within 72 hours was recorded in 62 cases (31 in each group), and the median alarm-to-operation intervals of each group were 11 hours 16 minutes and 6 hours 41 minutes, respectively (P = 0.040). Conclusion Implementation of the ACS system resulted in faster surgical intervention in hospitalized patients, the need for which was detected early by the MET. The in-hospital mortality rates before and after ACS implementation were not significantly different.
Radiative Transfer Within the Earth's Troposphere and Stratosphere: A Simplified Radiative-Convective Model

Abstract A simplified radiative transfer model for the earth's atmosphere is presented. The simplification is achieved by a combination of band absorptance and emissivity formulation for treating radiative transfer due to H2O, CO2 and O3. The model incorporates the major and minor radiative transfer processes due to H2O, CO2 and O3. The radiative model is used to develop an efficient and accurate radiative-convective model. Results for the global surface temperature, stratospheric thermal structure, and the net outgoing longwave flux are presented. The computed thermal structure of the stratosphere and the stratospheric cooling rates are in excellent agreement with previous studies. The amplitude of the diurnal temperature difference in the upper stratosphere obtained from the present model is larger by about 50% than Leovy's (1964) results. This difference is due to the inclusion of Doppler broadening effects and CO2 hot and minor isotopic bands in the present model. The flux calculations indicate that t.