Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Comparison of Road Surface Images to Provide Information on Specific Road Conditions

On rainy days, water films form on wet road surfaces and reduce the braking force of vehicles, which often ends up in accidents. For safe driving, the road information signage provides information on road and weather conditions warning drivers of wet road conditions. Still, current information on road conditions is neither localized nor detailed but universal. The present study used the images on CCTVs installed on roads to compare the images of road surfaces in an attempt to suggest a mechanism determining factors that hamper safe driving based on the images. In the image comparison, a normal road image taken on a sunny day is used as an original image, against which road conditions occurring on rainy days are categorized and determined on a case-by-case basis to provide drivers with early warning for the sake of safe driving.
Recommendation of Neurorehabilitation according to the Padovan-Method Neurofunctional Reorganisation® for treating neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review

Dimitri Vogel born Eisenmeier (  dimitri.vogel@uni-wh.de ) University of Witten/Herdecke: Universitat Witten/Herdecke https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0629-5893 Thomas Ostermann University of Witten/Herdecke: Universitat Witten/Herdecke Hannah Vogel University of Witten/Herdecke: Universitat Witten/Herdecke Kathrin Loskamp University of Witten/Herdecke: Universitat Witten/Herdecke Katharina Fetz University of Witten/Herdecke: Universitat Witten/Herdecke
Caractéristiques évènementielles des pluies en zone soudanienne : apport des données a haute résolution ammacatch a l’analyse de la variabilité de la mousson ouestafricaine en climat soudanien

L’Afrique de l’Ouest subit une fluctuation pluviometrique regionale tres marquee depuis 1970. Pour documenter la variabilite des precipitations dans la region a des echelles spatiales et temporelles pertinentes pour l’hydrologie, des observations a haute resolution des champs de pluie ont ete mises en place sur certains sites pilotes dans le cadre du programme international AMMA (Analyse Multidisciplinaire de la Mousson Africaine). Les donnees recueillies a de petits pas de temps sur le site de l’Oueme au Benin (l’Observatoire Hydrometeorologique de la Haute Vallee de l’Oueme : OHHVO), permettent de mener des etudes similaires a celles entreprises sur les pluies au Sahel grâce a l’experience Hapex- Sahel (Hydrological Atmospheric Pilot EXperiment). Un des principaux apports du present travail est d’aborder l’analyse de la variabilite spatio-temporelle et intrasaisonniere des precipitations en zone soudanienne a l’echelle de l’evenement pluvieux. En effet, un reseau dense de pluviographes cumulant sept annees d’observations (1999-2005) a fine echelle nous a permis de definir l’evenement pluvieux d’un point de vue hydrologique. Dans un premier temps, on analyse les caracteristiques moyennes du regime pluviometrique puis, une banque de 737 evenements pluvieux selectionnes sur les sept saisons a servi a faire une analyse approfondie des caracteristiques statistiques et climatologiques des evenements pluvieux de la Haute Vallee de l’Oueme. Des caracteristiques intrinseques des systemes pluvieux de la region ont ete mises en evidence. Elles ont ete ensuite analysees a la lumiere des resultats deja obtenus sur les pluies dans la region de Niamey. Il s’en degage des similarites de proprietes caracteristiques entre les systemes pluvieux soudaniens et saheliens, notamment concernant les cumuls evenementiels : la stationnarite spatiale et la fluctuation intrasaisonniere. On observe egalement une similarite en ce qui concerne la relation cumul pluvieux annuel – intensite de pluie. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, la distribution des intensites de pluie a ete analysee. Les resultats obtenus fournissent des informations qui peuvent etre utiles dans le cadre des missions d’echantillonnage de precipitations par satellite, des etudes concernant l’erosion et la modelisation de l’ecoulement sur l’observatoire. Mots cles : climat soudanien, Sahel, evenements pluvieux, variabilite, intensite.
First‐order reliability approach to stochastic analysis of subsurface flow and contaminant transport

The first-order reliability method is an attractive approach to stochastic analysis of subsurface flow and contaminant transport. The method can be used with either analytical or numerical solutions, allowing a uniform but flexible approach to solving a variety of problems, and it can fully utilize any level of probabilistic information from the minimum knowledge of second moments to complete knowledge of the full joint distribution. Therefore the first-order reliability method is particularly useful when statistical information is incomplete, as is common for problems in the subsurface environment. Additionally, correlation and nonnormal marginal distributions may be incorporated into the solution. Results from a first-order reliability analysis include an estimate of the probability of exceeding a specified performance criteria and measures of sensitivity of the stochastic solution to changes in random variables and their statistical moments. Three subsurface flow and contaminant transport example problems are used to illustrate the capabilities of the method; results from these examples compare well with previously published Monte Carlo simulation results.
Posttranslational Modifications of Ct Tubulin: Detyrosination and Acetylation Differentiate Populations of Interphase Microtubules in Cultured Cells

Subsets of microtubules enriched in post-translationally detyrosinated a tubulin have previously been described in interphase cultured cells. In this study an immunofluorescence comparison of these minor populations of microtubules revealed that, in African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (TC-7 line), the population of microtubules enriched in detyrosinated tubulin was virtually coincident with the population enriched in acetylated ct tubulin. In some cell types, however, such as human HeLa or marsupial PtK-2 cells, only one posttranslationally modified form of tubulin, i.e., acetylated or detyrosinated, respectively , was detectable in microtubules. In TC-7 cells, although both modifications were present, dissimilar patterns and kinetics of reappearance of microtubules enriched in detyrosinated and acetylated tubulin were observed after recovery of cells from microtubule-depolymerizing treatments or from mitosis. Thus, a minor population of microtubules exists in cultured cells that contains an elevated level of tubulin modified in either one or two ways. While these two modifications occur primarily on the same subset of microtu-bules, they differ in their patterns of formation in vivo. RAMATIC alterations in the structure and function of the microtubule cytoskeleton have been demonstrated in a variety of cellular morphogenetic events. Modulation of microtubule function could involve differential expression of functionally distinct isoforms of a or 13 tubulin (Fulton and Simpson, 1976; Cleveland and Sul-livan, 1985), local or transient changes in the complement of assembly-promoting microtubule-associated proteins (Val-lee, 1984), or posttranslational modification of tubulin sub-units. However, the extremely rapid dynamics of microtu-bules in vivo (Schulze and Kirschner, 1986, 1987) suggest the involvement of posttranslational modifications of tubulin subunits as rapid and reversible modulators of function and organization of subsets of cellular microtubules. Three post-translational modifications of tubulin have been described: a tyrosination (Barra et al., 1974) and an acetylation (UHer-nault and Rosenbaum, 1985) of a tubulin, and a phosphory-Recent studies have demonstrated that both tyrosinated and acetylated et tubulin species are differentially distributed in the interphase microtubule arrays of cultured cells. Im-munofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy with antibodies specifically reactive with tyrosinated (Tyr) ~ and 1. Abbreviations used in this paper: Ac, acetylated; Glu, detyrosinated; Tyr, tyrosinated. detyrosinated (Glu) ~t tubulin demonstrated that cellular microtubules are heterogeneous in their content of these two species; most microtubules contain predominantly Tyr tubu-lin, while a small number contain largely Glu tubulin (Gun-dersen et al., 1984; Geuens et al., 1986). In similar studies using immunofluorescence, an antibody specifically reactive with acetylated (Ac) a tubulin labeled a small …
Identification Of New Road Segments Using A Modified Version Of The K-means Algorithm

The present work explains how to identify transformation and new road segments in existing electronic maps by using data coming from devices carried on board on different vehicles, by using a modified version of a standard clustering algorithm called k-means. The working dataset appears as sparse clouds of points with their centres over the road segments, including other different data. Because of the spatial distribution of the points and in order to allow the algorithm to converge in a short number of steps, a simple modification has been implemented. With respect to the standard k-means algorithm which works with a fixed number of clusters, the present modified version works with a large initial number of clusters, with sizes defined a priori on the basis of the smallest possible road segment. The number of clusters is progressively reduced considering, for each steps, only the clusters including a number of points above a specific thresholds. At the end of the algorithm, all the identified clusters are superimposed over a common map in order to validate if a new road segment is identified. The algorithm has been applied on different datasets acquired on the road network of Turin with good results allowing the identification of new road segments not present in the reference map and one-way roads (change in travel direction).
Comparison of Sulfur Hexafluoride Microbubble (SonoVue)-Enhanced Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography With Gated Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography for Detection of Significant Coronary Artery Disease A Large European Multicenter Study

The purpose of this study was to compare sulfur hexa ﬂ uoride microbubble (SonoVue)-enhanced myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) relative to coronary angiography (CA) for assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Background Small-scale studies have shown that myocardial perfusion assessed by SonoVue-enhanced MCE is a viable alternative to SPECT for CAD assessment. However, large multicenter studies are lacking. Methods Patients referred for myocardial ischemia testing at 34 centers underwent rest/vasodilator SonoVue-enhanced ﬂ ash-replenishment MCE,
Correlation of Microearthquake Body-Wave Spectral Amplitudes

For applications such as stress tensor inversion and the calculation of composite focal mechanisms, it is of great importance to be able to identify earthquakes with similar focal mechanisms. Inspired by the notion that earthquake focal mechanisms can be calculated by using spectral amplitudes and P -wave polarities, we propose a focal-mechanism assessment scheme based on the correlation of body-wave spectral amplitudes. The spectral amplitudes used are the low-frequency spectral amplitude asymptotes of the direct P, SV , and SH waves. We calculate correlation coefficients using all common spectral amplitudes for pairs of events. The correlation coefficients are used as the basis for grouping the events, groups that will contain closely located events with very similar focal mechanisms. We discuss three applications of the spectral amplitude correlation and grouping technique (SAG) by using microearthquake data from the South Iceland Lowland network in the Olfus area. First, using 26 very well-correlated events, we calculate a composite focal mechanism that has one nodal plane that agrees well with the events9 common fault plane from high-accuracy relative relocation. Second, the SAG scheme is used to address the problem of assessing the redundancy of focal mechanisms for stress tensor inversion, enabling a more realistic calculation of the confidence limits and reducing inversion computing time. Finally, by correlating and grouping a sequence of 2943 events before a magnitude M L 5.1 earthquake, we observe significant temporal changes in the grouping pattern before the large earthquake. This suggests a change from seismicity dominated by clusters of events with very similar focal mechanisms to a regime dominated by solitary, nonsimilar events.
Toward a Direct Measure of Video Quality Perception Using EEG

An approach to the direct measurement of perception of video quality change using electroencephalography (EEG) is presented. Subjects viewed 8-s video clips while their brain activity was registered using EEG. The video signal was either uncompressed at full length or changed from uncompressed to a lower quality level at a random time point. The distortions were introduced by a hybrid video codec. Subjects had to indicate whether they had perceived a quality change. In response to a quality change, a positive voltage change in EEG (the so-called P3 component) was observed at latency of about 400-600 ms for all subjects. The voltage change positively correlated with the magnitude of the video quality change, substantiating the P3 component as a graded neural index of the perception of video quality change within the presented paradigm. By applying machine learning techniques, we could classify on a single-trial basis whether a subject perceived a quality change. Interestingly, some video clips wherein changes were missed (i.e., not reported) by the subject were classified as quality changes, suggesting that the brain detected a change, although the subject did not press a button. In conclusion, abrupt changes of video quality give rise to specific components in the EEG that can be detected on a single-trial basis. Potentially, a neurotechnological approach to video assessment could lead to a more objective quantification of quality change detection, overcoming the limitations of subjective approaches (such as subjective bias and the requirement of an overt response). Furthermore, it allows for real-time applications wherein the brain response to a video clip is monitored while it is being viewed.
Fuel flammability and fire responses of juvenile canopy species in a temperate rainforest ecosystem

Historically, rainforests have been considered vulnerable to fire. Recent research, however, has shown that many rainforest species can survive fire by resisting burning and by resprouting and seeding post-fire. We investigated the response of a warm temperate rainforest community to fire by burning juveniles of the dominant canopy tree species (Doryphora sassafras, Syzygium smithii and Wollemia nobilis) and examining litter flammability in a controlled environment. The three species resprouted after the experimental burn, predominantly from buds on the stem that were below the soil surface. Higher fire temperatures resulted in reduced overall plant height and resprouting from buds lower on the stem. Increasing proportions of W. nobilis litter generated fires with higher intensities and fuel consumption compared with rainforest angiosperm litter. Moreover, fuel moisture content decreased with increasing W. nobilis litter proportions. Higher litter flammability may result in increased likelihood of fire ignition and fire severity near W. nobilis trees, which would negatively impact the juveniles of all three rainforest species. Alternatively, after lower-temperature fires (e.g. in rainforest angiosperm litter), W. nobilis may have an advantage over the other species because of faster-growing resprouts occurring higher on the stem.
Estudio regional de fitopatógenos asociados a la secadera del chile en Guanajuato, México

En Guanajuato, la secadera o marchitez del chile causa perdidas de rendimiento de hasta 40%. En los ciclos Primavera-Verano (P-V) 2013 y 2014 se hicieron colectas en 11 municipios del estado para conocer los hongos asociados con esta enfermedad y su distribucion. En P-V/2013 en todos los municipios se encontro a Fusarium spp. , F. oxysporum se encontro en tres municipios; Rhizoctonia spp. , se encontro en tres y en uno a Phytophthora spp. En P-V/2014, Fusarium spp. , se identifico en todos los municipios y F. oxysporum en siete; Rhizoctonia spp. , y Phytophthora spp. , solamente se encontraron en un municipio.
The shear‐wave velocity gradient at the base of the mantle

The relative amplitudes and travel have been directed toward obtaining global times of ScS and S phases are utilized to place averages, and the degree of lateral variation in constraints on the shear-wave velocity gradient D" properties remains an open question. above the core-mantle boundary. A previously A conflicting result was found by Mitchell and reported long-period ScSH/SH amplitude ratio Helmberger (1973), who utilized the relative minimum in the distance range 65 o to 70 o is shown amplitudes and timing of long-period ScS and S to be a localized feature, apparently produced by phases to constrain the S-wave velocity gradient an amplitude anomaly in the direct S phase, and in D". They found a minimum in the ScSH/SH therefore need not reflect the velocity gradient amplitude ratio near 68 o , which was attributed to at the base of the mantle. The amplitude ratios low amplitudes of the ScS arrivals. Unable to that are free of this anomaly are consistent with explain this feature by models with negative or calculations for the JB model or models with mild near-zero shear velocity gradients in D", they positive or negative velocity gradients in the proposed models with positive S-wave velocity lowermost 200 km of the mantle. ScSV arrivals gradients above the CMB. These positive are particularly sensitive to the shear velocity gradients extended over 40 to 70 km above the structure just above the core-mantle boundary. core, reaching velocities at the CMB as high as The apparent arrival time of the peak of ScSV is 7.6 to 7.8 km/s. These models can explain the as much as 4 sreater than that of ScSH in the observed amplitude ratio behavior, as well as an distance range 75 v to 80 o for Sea of Okhotsk apparent difference observed in the arrival times events recorded in North America. This can be of transversely and radially polarized ScS. explained by interference effects produced by a Mitchell and Helmberger also proposed a low Q$ localized high velocity layer or strong positive zone in D", or finite outer core rigidity, to S wave velocity gradient in the lowermost 20 km explain the baseline of the ScSH/SH amplitude of the mantle. A velocity increase of about 5% ratios. While the majority of their data was for is required to explain the observed shift between deep South American events recorded in North ScSV and ScSH. This thin, high velocity layer America, they did analyze one deep Sea of Okhotsk varies laterally, as it is not observed in event for which the radial and transverse ScS similar data from Argentine events. Refined arrival times were not different, which suggested estimates of the outermost core P velocity lateral variations in the D" velocity structure. structure are obtained by modeling SKS signals in In this paper we extend the analysis of ScS the distance range 75 o to 85 o s
Spatio‐temporal variations in fish assemblages in a tropical regulated lower river course: an environmental guild

Fish assemblage patterns were studied in the lower river reach of the Uthokawiphatprasit anti‐salt dam, 6 km upstream from the Pak Panang River mouth, Southern Thailand, where the dam was opened occasionally depending on the upstream water level. Matrix data of the presence–absence of 71 fish species in 102 surveys was used in the analysis by applying a self‐organizing map (SOM) model. The trained SOM (lattice 8 × 7) showed that after 6 years of operation, five assemblage patterns were distinguished. These patterns described the probability of the occurrence of fish in each fish environmental guild, which according to changes in flow and water geomorphology. Clusters Ia and Ib were mostly the surveys in upstream stations and occupied by fish in potamonic guilds, whereas the fish in the estuarine guild and marine guilds showed a high probability of occurring in clusters IIa, IIb and IIc, which belonged to the surveys in downstream stations. The surveys of the stations near the dam (i.e. stations 5 and 6) during the opening phase were contained in cluster IIb. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed that there was no statistical difference in the probability of occurrence among assemblages of the diadromous, catadromous and semi‐anadromous fishes but not the amphidromous fishes, which had a low probability of occurrence in clusters Ia and Ib. The fish assemblages were arrayed along a longitudinal gradient, where salinity and pH were the most important controlling variables and explained 94.0% of the total inertia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attenuation in the uppermost inner core from broad-band GEOSCOPE PKP data

SUMMARY The attenuation in the uppermost 500 km of the inner core is investigated at the global scale from the comparison of PKP(DF) and PKP(BC) phases recorded at broad-band GEOSCOPE stations. From the amplitude ratio DFIBC, we show that for most paths the attenuation is not frequency-dependent in the range 0.2-2 Hz. This result follows from the linearity of ln(DF/BC) with frequency. A notable exception occurs for paths from the south-west Pacific to Europe, as analysed in previous studies which infer a frequency dependence of inner core attenuation. The DF/BC amplitude ratios are determined at 3 s periods for the different paths. The data include the diffracted branch of BC at long distances, providing a deeper sampling of the inner core by the DF phase. The variations of the DF/BC amplitude ratio with epicentral distance exhibit a rather large scatter around a mean curve. This mean curve is compared to the theoretical ratios obtained for several earth models using synthetic seismograms. A trade-off exists between the velocity at the base of the liquid core and the attenuation in the uppermost inner core. Robust features include a velocity decrease in the lowermost liquid core, inferred from previous studies of the PKP(BC) propagation times, and a Q decrease at the top of the inner core, required by the DF/BC amplitude ratios. The preferred model exhibits a constant velocity gradient in the lowermost 150 km of the liquid core, and Q=200 in the uppermost 100 km of the inner core, Q = 440 below. With the adopted velocity model, an increase of Q with depth is required by the data. The amplitude ratio DF/BC exhibits regional variations, which cannot be attributed with certainty to regional variations of Q inside the inner core, due to the large Fresnel zone at the inner core and the possibility of wave focusing and defocusing in the mantle. On the other hand, with the available data, we failed to detect an anisotropy in attenuation inside the inner core.