Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Phenomenological Viability of Scalar Field Theories

The objective of this Thesis is to explore several related questions with regards to criteria for viability in scalar field theories. Roughly the first half is devoted to theoretical criteria, while the second half focuses on phenomenological ones. We begin with an overview of theories that violate the null energy condition, highlighting the pathologies that inevitably appear. We then present a theory that violates the null energy condition while remaining free of the problems that plagued previous attempts. Next we explore a global condition for classical stability in scalar field theories, namely, the requirement that the total energy of the space-time be positive. This property is guaranteed if the theory admits a positive energy theorem. After reviewing existing proofs of positive energy for canonical scalar fields, we then extend those proofs to theories with derivative interactions, proving a positive energy theorem for a wide class of P(X) theories. The second half of this Thesis considers experimental constraints on scalar field theories. We focus on what may be learned from atom interferometry experiments, which have been a powerful probe of fundamental physics for over two decades but only recently gained the ability to constrain screened scalar field theories. We present a general analytic and numerical framework for precise predictions of scalar field theories in atom interferometry experiments, and use those techniques to derive new limits on chameleon and symmetron field theories. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Physics & Astronomy First Advisor Justin Khoury Subject Categories Other Physics This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/3004 THEORETICAL AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL VIABILITY OF SCALAR FIELD THEORIES Benjamin Elder A DISSERTATION in Physics and Astronomy Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Supervisor of Dissertation Justin Khoury, Professor of Physics and Astronomy Graduate Group Chairperson Joshua Klein, Professor of Physics and Astronomy Dissertation Committee: Mark Trodden, Fay R. and Eugene L. Langberg Professor of Physics and Astronomy Joshua Klein, Professor of Physics and Astronomy Adam Lidz, Associate Professor of Physics and Astronomy Tom Lubensky, Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor of Physics and Astronomy THEORETICAL AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL VIABILITY OF SCALAR FIELD THEORIES
Social Determinants of Health in Community-Dwelling Dementia Patients Aged 65 and Over: Analysis of the 2019 National Health Interview Survey

Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias affect 3.4 million community-dwelling adults in the United States. Given the burden of disease, a greater understanding of modifiable risk factors is crucial for targeted public health strategies. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are modifiable risk factors categorized in five domains: economic status, education, healthcare access, environment, and community context. Although individual SDOH have been linked to dementia, limited research exists on the interaction of SDOH with dementia across multiple domains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between SDOH across all five domains and dementia among community-dwelling adults in the United States. A cross-sectional study was performed on community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Respondents (N = 9,277), of whom 303 (4%) self-reported positive dementia diagnosis, were predominantly female (55%), white (76%), and non-Hispanic (91%). Residing in a non-metropolitan area, having a usual place for healthcare, and receiving annual eye or dental exams were negatively associated with dementia. Minority compared to white status was not significantly associated with dementia, suggesting underdiagnosis of dementia within minority groups in the NHIS. We present the first comprehensive national view of SDOH among community-dwelling dementia patients in the United States.
Hydrazinolysis Products of Selected Sugar Lactones—Crystal Structure and Microbiological Activity

Commercially available lactones, as well as those synthesized by us, turned out to be good substrates for the synthesis of sugar hydrazides. The exception was L-ascorbic acid, whose hydrazinolysis led to the formation of a hydrazinium salt, not the hydrazide as expected. The structure of all compounds was confirmed by NMR and X-ray analyses. The lower durability of hydrazinium L-ascorbate was additionally confirmed by thermogravimetric tests. All products were tested for biological activity against Gram-negative bacteria strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Their antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC5314, Candida glabrata DSM 11226 SM 11226, Candida krusei DSM 6128, and Candida parapsilosis DSM 5784 was also tested. The most interesting results of microbiological activity were obtained for D-gluconic acid hydrazide and hydrazinium L-ascorbate. The results of the latter encourage more extensive testing.
Changes in Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates in a Multi-Profile Hospital in Years 2017–2022 in Wroclaw, Poland

In recent years, we have witnessed increasing drug resistance among bacteria, which is associated with the use and availability of an increasing number of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, as well as with their irrational and excessive use. The present study aims to analyze changes in the drug resistance of Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, isolated from infections in a multi-profile hospital over a five-year period (from 2017 to 2022). Among the practical results of the evaluation of these data will be the possibility to determine changes in susceptibility to the antibiotics used in the hospital. This, in turn, will help propose new therapeutic options, especially for empirical therapy, which is essential in severe infections. Analysis of the use of different antibiotic groups has made it possible to identify the causes of increasing resistance in the analyzed Gram-negative bacilli. The highest antibiotic use was observed in the hospital between 2020 and 2022, most probably due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the higher number of patients in severe condition requiring hospitalization. Unfortunately, during the period analyzed, the number of multi-resistant strains of A. baumannii was successively increasing; this seems to be related to the increased use, especially during the pandemic period, of broad-spectrum antibiotics, mainly penicillins with inhibitors, third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems.
Determination of the Higgs boson properties with the ATLAS detector.

With the increase of proton-proton collision center of mass energy from 7-8 TeV to 13 TeV, LHC Run 2 will provide a higher sensitivity to Higgs boson physics than Run 1. This paper summarizes what has been learnt by the ATLAS collaboration about the Higgs boson with LHC Run 1 data and also reports the first investigation of global properties of the Standard Model Higgs boson production and decay properties extracted based on a LHC Run 2 dataset using a combination of the two Higgs boson decay most sensitive channels at the LHC. This latter analysis combines a dataset of 13.3 fb−1 H → γγ events with 14.8 fb−1 of H → ZZ∗ → four leptons events. No deviation from the Standard Model expectations is observed.
Sustainable Change in Primary Science Education: From Transmissive to Guided Inquiry-Based Teaching

Here, we present a professional development plan to achieve lasting and coherent change in science education, from conventional teaching to guided inquiry-based teaching, covering the entire primary stage. This plan is based on a review of the literature on professional development programs and on the theory of critical mass for the achievement of complex social changes. We justify the different phases of the plan with empirical indicators to assess its success. We show the results obtained in a primary school from teachers, the principal, and families. These results, together with those obtained by the students, show the success of the plan and make it possible to identify crucial aspects to achieve sustainable changes in science teaching at the primary stage.
THE ANALYSIS OF BALANCED POLICIES IN WAQF BASED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ON PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION IN WEST JAVA

The main problem for private universities in Indonesia is the ability to finance the institution's operations independently and the main source of income for financing is still sourced from tuition fees paid by students. For waqf-based private universities, another problem is that assets cannot be used as collateral to obtain funding assistance from financial institutions. This situation causes waqf-based private universities to strive to manage finances properly for there is no waste and fraud. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of transformational leadership, organizational commitment and competence of financial human resources through a balanced budget policy on the effectiveness of waqf-based private university financial management. The research method used was explanatory, and the data were collected using a questionnaire given by waqf-based private university financial leaders and staff, then analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The results of the research shows that balanced budget policies mediate transformational leadership, organizational commitment, financial HR competence have a positive influence on Financial Management Effectiveness as illustrated by t-statistic value (4.021) > 1.66 with a p-value (0.000) <0.05. Waqf-based private universities can increase the effectiveness of financial management through a balanced budget policy model in accordance with the characteristics of the institution supported by proper leadership, organizational commitment and competence of financial human resources which are continuously improved.
A multiscale fourth‐order model for the image inpainting and low‐dimensional sets recovery

We consider a fourth‐order variational model, to solve the image inpainting problem, with the emphasis on the recovery of low‐dimensional sets (edges and corners) and the curvature of the edges. The model permits also to perform simultaneously the restoration (filtering) of the initial image where this one is available. The multiscale character of the model follows from an adaptive selection of the diffusion parameters that allows us to optimize the regularization effects in the neighborhoods of the small features that we aim to preserve. In addition, because the model is based on the high‐order derivatives, it favors naturally the accurate capture of the curvature of the edges, hence to balance the tasks of obtaining long curved edges and the obtention of short edges, tip points, and corners. We analyze the method in the framework of the calculus of variations and the Γ‐convergence to show that it leads to a convergent algorithm. In particular, we obtain a simple discrete numerical method based on a standard mixed‐finite elements with well‐established approximation properties. We compare the method to the Cahn–Hilliard model for the inpainting, and we present several numerical examples to show its performances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global Prevalence of Anemia Among Type 2 Diabetic Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Anemia is a common and often overlooked hematological change observed in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, there is no global survey or health registry that estimates the pooled prevalence of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the global pooled prevalence of anemia among adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO with the reference number (CRD42022327135), and the link provided (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? ID=CRD42022327135) display the published methodology. Previously published articles were searched in PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, WHO Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Google from October 26 to November 09, 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia. The degree of heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using I2 statistics. Publication bias was detected using funnel plot symmetry analysis supplemented by Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Results Twenty-four studies with a total number of 19,118 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of anemia among type 2 diabetic adult patients was 27.0% (95% CI: 24.0, 31.0, I2 = 96.45%; P< 0.001). Geographical and time-based subgroup analysis showed that higher prevalence of anemia was observed in Africa region 28.0% (95% CI: 17.0, 39.0) and from 2015 to 2022, 28.0% (95% CI: 24.0, 33.0), respectively. Conclusion Anemia is a moderate public health problem among adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Nearly one in four patients with type 2 diabetes develops anemia. Therefore, considering the negative impact of anemia, it is important to include anemia screening in the routine assessment of diabetes-related complications.
Electricity Load Lost in the Largest Windstorms—Is the Fragility-Based Model up to the Task?

Most existing models for estimating electric system impacts from windstorms tend to have detailed representation only for the electric or only for the meteorological system. As a result, there is little evidence on how models with detailed electric systems and realistic wind gust field representations would perform in different windstorm cases. This work explores the evidence for the ability of such a fragility-based model to generate realistic spatiotemporal lost load profiles for the most impactful windstorm cases in Finland. The literature review shows multiple driving factors for windstorm impacts that are difficult to assess analytically, and similarities between the most impactful windstorms. All the available interruption data for thirteen years were analyzed, with their grouping by individual storm and calm periods. The fixing of time distribution fits for these periods show most faults as being within the 20% uncertainty bounds of the severity-dependent distribution trendlines. The medium-voltage electricity grid impact model with national coverage was applied for the three most impactful and most recent windstorm cases, with the model calibrated for one case. The generated spatiotemporal lost load profiles in all cases recreate historic profiles within the similar error margins of approximately 20%.
Prevalence and impact of myocardial injury among patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Background Myocardial injury is a prevalent complication observed in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and is strongly associated with severe illness and in-hospital mortality. However, the long-term consequences of myocardial injury on clinical outcomes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of myocardial injury on both acute-phase and long-term prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted on all patients who received treatment at the Intensive Care Center for COVID-19 patient, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City (UCICC), from August 3rd, 2021, to October 28th, 2021. Results A total of 582 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 55.3% were female. The mean age of participants was 63.3 ± 16.2. Out of these patients, 330 cases (56.8%) showed myocardial injury. Compared to patients without myocardial injury, those with myocardial injury were older and had a higher incidence of chronic diseases including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease. They also presented with more severe respiratory failure upon admission and showed a more pronounced abnormality in inflammation and kidney function tests. Furthermore, the in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in the group with myocardial injury (49.7% vs 14.3%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, renal function, and disease severity at admission, myocardial injury emerged as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality (OR = 3.758, 95% CI 1.854–7.678, p < 0.001). Among successfully discharged COVID-19 patients, the all-cause mortality rate after a median follow-up of 18.4 months was 7.9%. Patients with myocardial injury had a significantly higher long-term mortality rate compared to those without myocardial injury (14.0% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001). However, multivariable Cox regression analysis did not find myocardial injury to be a significant predictor of long-term mortality (HR = 2.128, 95% CI 0.792–5.712, p = 0.134). Conclusions Myocardial injury is a common and serious complication in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, associated with increased in-hospital mortality. However, it does not significantly impact long-term mortality in successfully discharged COVID-19 patients.
Shape optimization in cardiovascular geometries using reduced basis method and free-form deformations

Optimal shape design problems play an important part in structural mechanics and fluid dynamics; however, they imply strong computational efforts where model order reduction is needed. In this sense, reduce basis methods (RB) coupled with a suitable tool for shape parametrization look a very promising tool in flow control and shape optimization. We deal with an optimal design problem arising in cardiovascular modelling, solved using free form deformation techniques (FFD) for the reduction of the number of parameters combined with RB methods for reducing the dimension of the system representing the parametrized PDEs.
Harmonia: Near-Linear Scalability for Replicated Storage with In-Network Conflict Detection

Distributed storage employs replication to mask failures and improve availability. However, these systems typically exhibit a hard tradeoff between consistency and performance. Ensuring consistency introduces coordination overhead, and as a result the system throughput does not scale with the number of replicas. We present Harmonia, a replicated storage architecture that exploits the capability of new-generation programmable switches to obviate this tradeoff by providing near-linear scalability without sacrificing consistency. To achieve this goal, Harmonia detects read-write conflicts in the network, which enables any replica to serve reads for objects with no pending writes. Harmonia implements this functionality at line rate, thus imposing no performance overhead. We have implemented a prototype of Harmonia on a cluster of commodity servers connected by a Barefoot Tofino switch, and have integrated it with Redis. We demonstrate the generality of our approach by supporting a variety of replication protocols, including primary-backup, chain replication, Viewstamped Replication, and NOPaxos. Experimental results show that Harmonia improves the throughput of these protocols by up to 10 x for a replication factor of 10, providing near-linear scalability up to the limit of our testbed.
3D Object Recognition Based on Description of Geometric Relations among Features Extracted from Surface Models

Geom 巴 trichashing method is well-known 出 oneof techniques that realize 3D model matching procedure as quickly as possible. The matching proc 巴 ssof the method uses hash-tables prepar 巴 doff-line for th 巴 sur face moclels of all 3D objects to be registered in a database. 1n order to index th 巴 modelinformation into the hash-table ， a hash function is required. It has to provide an index value that uniquely describes geometric relations among features extracted from the surface models. 1n this paper ， two hash functions are proposed ， in which they are defined by using several geometric features such as normal vectors and curvatUI 四 Further-mor 巴， in order to improve the efficiency of the matching process ， a rehashing procedure is introduced so that the calculated indexes may be scatterecl within the hash table as llniformly as possible. Through experiments using several surface models ， it has been verified the g 巴 ometrichashing method introducing the novel hash functions ancl th 巴 rehashingprocedure is effective in 3D object recognition
A gyrating electron beam source for frequency tunable, 200 GHz gyrotron

Abstract Magnetron injection gun (MIG) is an important and critical part of any gyrotron. The overall performance of gyrotron deeply depends on the quality of gyrating electron beam. In this article, the design of triode type magnetron injection gun for 200 GHz frequency tunable gyrotron is discussed. It is planned to design and develop a 200 GHz gyrotron for 300 MHz DNP-NMR spectroscopy. The triode MIG is designed in such a way that it can be used in 200 GHz gyrotron of higher RF power for other applications also such as electron spin resonance, imaging. First, geometrical and electrical parameters of MIG are calculated using trade-off and scaling equations. Based on the calculated parameters, further, electron beam trajectory simulations are performed in EGUN. The geometry of electrodes are optimized through numerous simulation iterations to achieve the required beam parameters, such as, minimum spread in velocity and guiding center radius, an optimum value of velocity ratio (1.3–1.5), guiding center radius as per the maximum beam-wave coupling strength. The magnet system is designed to achieve the smooth Gaussian type of magnetic field profile with peak value of 7.35 T at cavity center. Further detail parametric analyses are performed which would be helpful in the frequency tuning and long-time stable operation of gyrotron device.
The feasibility of micromachined dynamic resonant beam coriolis true mass flow meter

THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF MICROMACHINED DYNAMIC RESONANT BEAM CORIOLIS TRUE MASS FLOW METER by Sang Hwui Lee The technological advances of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in the past two decades have been remarkable for innovations in microfluidic systems as well as automotive applications such as pressure sensors and accelerometers. MEMS flow sensing has emerged as a field of interest in microfluidics, with a variety of sensing methods being miniaturized, such as thermal anemometry, ultrasonic sensing and flow measurement based on the Coriolis effect. Coriolis sensing is particularly attractive since, unlike most other methods which provide volumetric flow information, Coriolis sensing is capable of providing a direct, true mass flow measurement. Because of this advantage, Coriolis flow sensing has engendered strong interest in developing miniature device designs, fabrication techniques, and sensitive Coriolis detection methods. Research and development efforts have been undertaken both in academia and industry to make inexpensive, highly sensitive, reliable, and appropriately packaged Coriolis solutions. One research focus has been on detection and read-out methods for Coriolis-induced signals. Piezoresistive, optical and capacitive methods have all been tried. This dissertation introduces the resonant beam as a detecting method for Coriolis mass flow sensing. Because resonant beams measure frequency changes, they can be highly sensitive, much more so than the previously tried methods. Resonant beams have been successfully demonstrated in MEMS pressure sensors and accelerometers. This work extends their application to Coriolis mass flow devices. THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF MICROMACHINED DYNAMIC RESONANT BEAM CORIOLIS TRUE MASS FLOW METER