Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sox10-dependent neural crest origin of olfactory microvillous neurons in zebrafish

The sense of smell in vertebrates is detected by specialized sensory neurons derived from the peripheral nervous system. Classically, it has been presumed that the olfactory placode forms all olfactory sensory neurons. In contrast, we show that the cranial neural crest is the primary source of microvillous sensory neurons within the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish embryos. Using photoconversion-based fate mapping and live cell tracking coupled with laser ablation, we followed neural crest precursors as they migrated from the neural tube to the nasal cavity. A subset that coexpressed Sox10 protein and a neurogenin1 reporter ingressed into the olfactory epithelium and differentiated into microvillous sensory neurons. Timed loss-of-function analysis revealed a critical role for Sox10 in microvillous neurogenesis. Taken together, these findings directly demonstrate a heretofore unknown contribution of the cranial neural crest to olfactory sensory neurons in zebrafish and provide important insights into the assembly of the nascent olfactory system. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00336. 001
Prognostic Effect of Tumor Lymphocytic Infiltration in Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

PURPOSE Tumor lymphocytic infiltration (TLI) has differing prognostic value among various cancers. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of TLI in lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A discovery set (one trial, n = 824) and a validation set (three trials, n = 984) that evaluated the benefit of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer were used as part of the LACE-Bio (Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation Biomarker) study. TLI was defined as intense versus nonintense. The main end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and specific DFS (SDFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs associated with TLI were estimated through a multivariable Cox model in both sets. TLI-histology and TLI-treatment interactions were explored in the combined set. RESULTS Discovery and validation sets with complete data included 783 (409 deaths) and 763 (344 deaths) patients, respectively. Median follow-up was 4.8 and 6 years, respectively. TLI was intense in 11% of patients in the discovery set compared with 6% in the validation set (P < .001). The prognostic value of TLI in the discovery set (OS: HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.81; P = .002; DFS: HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.83; P = .002; SDFS: HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.82; P = .003) was confirmed in the validation set (OS: HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.85; P = .01; DFS: HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.78; P = .005; SDFS: HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.80; P = .008) with no heterogeneity across trials (P ≥ .38 for all end points). No significant predictive effect was observed for TLI (P ≥ .78 for all end points). CONCLUSION Intense lymphocytic infiltration, found in a minority of tumors, was validated as a favorable prognostic marker for survival in resected non-small-cell lung cancer.
Biased Minimax Probability Machine for Medical Diagnosis

The Minimax Probability Machine (MPM) constructs a classifier, which provides a worst-case bound on the probability of misclassification of future data points based on reliable estimates of means and covariance matrices of the classes from the training data points, and achieves the comparative performance with a state-of-the-art classifier, the Support Vector Machine. In this paper, we eliminate the assumption of the unbiased weight for each class in the MPM and develop a critical extension, named Biased Minimax Probability Machine (BMPM), to deal with biased classification tasks, especially in the medical diagnostic applications. We outline the theoretical derivatives of the BMPM. Moreover, we demonstrate that this model can be transformed into a concave-convex Fractional Programming (FP) problem or a pseudoconcave problem. After illustrating our model with a synthetic dataset and applying it to the real-world medical diagnosis datasets, we obtain encouraging and promising experimental results.
Adding Data and Procedure Abstraction to the Transparent Prolog Machine TPM

The Transparent Prolog Machine (TPM) provides a vehicle for visualising the execution of Prolog programs in a manner which is faithful to the underlying behaviour of the Prolog interpreter. Although this fidelity is useful for teaching and debugging purposes, it can be inappropriate when a programmer wishes to view a program at a 'higher level', i.e. in terms of data or procedure abstractions which are not necessarily close to the underlying behaviour of the interpreter. We show how TPM can be extended to deal with the 'collection' abstraction inherent in higher-order predicates such as setof. In addition we discuss ways of allowing the user to customise the trace to produce the correct procedural abstraction for the task at hand.
Future Directions in Access Control for Online Social Networks

Access control is the process by which authorized users are granted permission over resources. Access control models incorporate application requirements in their design and thus evolve with the applications. The rise of online social networks (OSN), like Facebook, has posed new requirements over the privacy of users’ data due to the presence of heterogeneous privacy circle. The traditional models cannot be used for this new type of applications for the complexity of millions of users interacting with each other. Different access control models for OSN are proposed based on relationships, trust, rule semantics, or history between the user and the requestor, however, rights delegation, rights transfer, reputation management and transparency are still ignored by the research community. To address these concerns and challenges, further research is needed. This paper reviews these challenges and presents a number of future research directions for access control models in the context of OSN.
Phonetic Parameters and Perceptual Judgments of Accent in English by American and Japanese Listeners.

In this study we identify some of the phonetic parameters that correlate with nonnative speakers' (NNSs) perceptual judgments of accent in English and investigate NNS listener perceptions of English from a World Englishes point of view. Our main experiment involved 3,200 assessments of the perceived degree of accent in English of two speaker groups: 11 Japanese and 5 Americans. Two additional and separate phonetically untrained listener groups, one composed of 10 Japanese and the other of 5 Americans, did the perceptual assessments. A follow-up auditory analysis by two phonetically trained listeners and an acoustic analysis showed that the untrained Japanese listeners used primarily nonsegmental parameters (intonation, fluency, and speech rate) to make perceptual judgments, whereas segmental parameters had a relatively minor role. Untrained American listeners exhibited the opposite pattern: Segmentals (especially /r/ and /l/) figured prominently, and nonsegmentals played a relatively minor role. Our study shows how native-speaking (NS) and NNS listeners perceive degree of accent in English in fundamentally different ways, each based on different phonetic parameters. We consider the implications that our findings might have for a recently proposed phonological syllabus for English as an international language (EIL) designed with NNS-NNS interactions in mind.
nEther: in-guest detection of out-of-the-guest malware analyzers

Malware analysis can be an efficient way to combat malicious code, however, miscreants are constructing heavily armoured samples in order to stymie the observation of their artefacts. Security practitioners make heavy use of various virtualization techniques to create sandboxing environments that provide a certain level of isolation between the host and the code being analysed. However, most of these are easy to be detected and evaded. The introduction of hardware assisted virtualization (Intel VT and AMD-V) made the creation of novel, out-of-the-guest malware analysis platforms possible. These allow for a high level of transparency by residing completely outside the guest operating system being examined, thus conventional in-memory detection scans are ineffective. Furthermore, such analyzers resolve the shortcomings that stem from inaccurate system emulation, in-guest timings, privileged operations and so on. In this paper, we introduce novel approaches that make the detection of hardware assisted virtualization platforms and out-of-the-guest malware analysis frameworks possible. To demonstrate our concepts, we implemented an application framework called nEther that is capable of detecting the out-of-the-guest malware analysis framework Ether [6].
The power of competition: reducing or reinforcing discrimination?

A circuit for sensing the magnitude and sense of a current flowing through the load of an H-bridge stage driving the load in a switching mode by means of a clocked, square-wave driving signal and the inverted signal thereof applied, respectively, to two pairs of analog switches arranged in a bridge configuration and functionally switching the load between a supply node and a virtual ground node is made by utilizing a single sensing resistance connected between the virtual ground node and the real ground node of the circuit, the signal across the resistance and the inverted signal thereof are fed to two inputs of an analog multiplex whose output signal is fed to the input of a comparator in order to obtain at the output of the latter a signal with an amplitude proportional to the intensity of the current and a polarity determined by the polarity of a reference voltage which is applied to another input of the comparator. The PWM control loop may then be completed by means of a flip-flop to the inputs of which the output signal of the comparator and a clock signal are applicable in order to generate at the output of the flip-flop the clocked driving signal.
Ranking Alternatives Offline Bachelor ’ s thesis

Rank aggregation describes how one can derive a consensus from multiple preferences over a given set of alternatives. Alternatives could be candidates in an election, search results ranked by search engines or businesses which are ranked by users with services like Yelp3. There are different paradigms for how the consensus should be constructed. In this thesis we will concern ourselves with the well known Kemeny and Slater rules and the FLAP4 rule. As it is NP-hard to compute the consensus with these paradigms there has been much research on producing good heuristics to decrease computation time. We will introduce and evaluate different heuristics for the different paradigms. www.yelp. com Feedback Linear Arrangement Problem
Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Dairy Foods and Dairy Fat on Cardiometabolic Risk

Because regular-fat dairy products are a major source of cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids (SFAs), current US and Canadian dietary guidelines for cardiovascular health recommend the consumption of low-fat dairy products. Yet, numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported rather mixed effects of reduced- and regular-fat dairy consumption on blood lipid concentrations and on many other cardiometabolic disease risk factors, such as blood pressure and inflammation markers. Thus, the focus on low-fat dairy in current dietary guidelines is being challenged, creating confusion within health professional circles and the public. This narrative review provides perspective on the research pertaining to the impact of dairy consumption and dairy fat on traditional and emerging cardiometabolic disease risk factors. This comprehensive assessment of evidence from RCTs suggests that there is no apparent risk of potential harmful effects of dairy consumption, irrespective of the content of dairy fat, on a large array of cardiometabolic variables, including lipid-related risk factors, blood pressure, inflammation, insulin resistance, and vascular function. This suggests that the purported detrimental effects of SFAs on cardiometabolic health may in fact be nullified when they are consumed as part of complex food matrices such as those in cheese and other dairy foods. Thus, the focus on low-fat dairy products in current guidelines apparently is not entirely supported by the existing literature and may need to be revisited on the basis of this evidence. Future studies addressing key research gaps in this area will be extremely informative to better appreciate the impact of dairy food matrices, as well as dairy fat specifically, on cardiometabolic health.
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)

Background: Most studies on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) focus exclusively on women. Aims: To examine the internal consistency and convergent validity of the EDE-Q in Spanish undergraduate men and to compare the results with those obtained previously in college samples of Spanish women and American men. Methods: 269 college men, aged 18–30 years, answered the EDE-Q, Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Results: The four subscale scores and the global score of the EDE-Q achieved acceptable internal consistency (α ≥ .65), and evidence on convergent validity with EDI-2 and BSQ was obtained (r ≥ .41). Average scores, standard deviations, and percentile ranks for the raw EDE-Q subscales and data on the occurrence of binge eating and compensatory behaviors are presented. Most values were lower than those found in previous studies with Spanish undergraduate women and American undergraduate men. Discussion: Lower scores in EDE-Q subscales provide country .
An Update on the Intracellular and Intercellular Trafficking of Carmoviruses

Despite harboring the smallest genomes among plant RNA viruses, carmoviruses have emerged as an ideal model system for studying essential steps of the viral cycle including intracellular and intercellular trafficking. Two small movement proteins, formerly known as double gene block proteins (DGBp1 and DGBp2), have been involved in the movement throughout the plant of some members of carmovirus genera. DGBp1 RNA-binding capability was indispensable for cell-to-cell movement indicating that viral genomes must interact with DGBp1 to be transported. Further investigation on Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) DGBp1 subcellular localization and dynamics also supported this idea as this protein showed an actin-dependent movement along microfilaments and accumulated at the cellular periphery. Regarding DGBp2, subcellular localization studies showed that MNSV and Pelargonium flower break virus DGBp2s were inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane but only MNSV DGBp2 trafficked to plasmodesmata (PD) via the Golgi apparatus through a COPII-dependent pathway. DGBp2 function is still unknown but its localization at PD was a requisite for an efficient cell-to-cell movement. It is also known that MNSV infection can induce a dramatic reorganization of mitochondria resulting in anomalous organelles containing viral RNAs. These putative viral factories were frequently found associated with the ER near the PD leading to the possibility that MNSV movement and replication could be spatially linked. Here, we update the current knowledge of the plant endomembrane system involvement in carmovirus intra- and intercellular movement and the tentative model proposed for MNSV transport within plant cells.
Effect of macular hole volume on postoperative central macular thickness.

PURPOSE To evaluate the association between macular hole volume (MHV) and postoperative central macular thickness (CMT) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS Thirty-three eyes of 30 patients with a large full-thickness idiopathic macular hole with or without vitreomacular traction who underwent surgical intervention were included in this cross-sectional study. Complete ophthalmological examination, including SD-OCT, was performed for all participants during the pre- and postoperative visits. MHV was preoperatively measured using SD-OCT, which captured the widest cross-sectional image of the hole. For normal distribution analysis of the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed, and for statistical analyses, chi-square, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were performed. RESULTS Mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and MHV were found to be 0.99 ± 0.36 (range, 0.3-2.0) logMAR and 0.139 ± 0.076 (range, 0.004-0.318) mm3, respectively. Mean follow-up was 16.3 ± 14.3 (range, 3-50) months. No statistical correlations were found between MHV and postoperative BCVA (p=0.588) and between MHV and disease recurrence (p=0.544). A weak negative correlation existed between MHV and final CMT scores (p=0.04, r=-0.383). CONCLUSIONS Greater MHV was found to be weakly associated with lower postoperative CMT scores.
Cost-aware live migration of services in the cloud

Cloud computing is a paradigm in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. It is gaining popularity in a variety of domains such as web hosting, enterprise systems, and e-commerce sites. Each server can run one or more applications and application components may be distributed across multiple servers. In general, a cloud can contain several data centers in different geographical locations. Furthermore, each application sees dynamic workload affected by incremental growth, time of day, and flash crowds.
Afterimages are biased by top-down information

The afterimage illusion refers to a complementary colored image continuing to appear in the observer’s vision after the exposure to the original image has ceased. It is assumed to be a phenomenon of the primary visual pathway, caused by overstimulation of photoreceptors of the retina. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nature of afterimage perceptions; mainly whether it is a mere physical, that is, low-level effect or whether it can be modulated by top-down processes, that is, high-level processes. Participants were first exposed to five either strongly female or male faces (Experiment 1), objects highly associated with female or male gender (Experiment 2) or female versus male names (Experiment 3), followed by a negativated image of a gender-neutral face which had to be fixated for 20 s to elicit an afterimage. Participants had to rate their afterimages according to sexual dimorphism, showing that the afterimage of the gender-neutral face was perceived as significantly more female in the female priming condition compared with the male priming condition, independently of the priming quality (faces, objects, and names). Our results documented, in addition to previously presumed bottom-up mechanisms, a prominent influence of top-down processing on the perception of afterimages via priming mechanisms (female primes led to more female afterimage perception).
Projeção da mortalidade e internações hospitalares na rede pública de saúde atribuíveis à poluição atmosférica no Estado de São Paulo entre 2012 e 2030

National air quality standards in Brazil were established in the 1990s and are now outdated in relation to international patterns. This creates a challenge for effective control of air pollution levels and contributes to increasing mortality and hospital admissions rates. In order to quantify the impact of adverse health outcomes due to the concentration of particulate matter in Sao Paulo, this paper aims to project the number of deaths, hospitalizations and amounts spent on public hospital admissions from 2012 to 2030. It considers distinct scenarios of air pollution by fine particulate matter (PM2.5), using the year 2011 as baseline. The results show that if air pollution continues at the current levels, it will cause more than 246 thousand deaths from all causes between 2011 and 2030, as well as some 953 thousand hospital admissions and an estimated public health cost of R$ 1.6 billion due to hospitalizations. The magnitude of these results demonstrates the need to implement more rigorous measures to control air pollution and to encourage clean energy transportation, among other public actions, in order to reduce damage to the health of the population and to diminish government spending. DOI http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/S0102-3098201500000029
Schisandrae fructus enhances myogenic differentiation and inhibits atrophy through protein synthesis in human myotubes

Schisandrae fructus (SF) has recently been reported to increase skeletal muscle mass and inhibit atrophy in mice. We investigated the effect of SF extract on human myotube differentiation and its acting pathway. Various concentrations (0.1–10 μg/mL) of SF extract were applied on human skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Myotube area and fusion index were measured to quantify myotube differentiation. The maximum effect was observed at 0.5 μg/mL of SF extract, enhancing differentiation up to 1.4-fold in fusion index and 1.6-fold in myotube area at 8 days after induction of differentiation compared to control. Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 and 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase, which initiate translation as downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, was upregulated in early phases of differentiation after SF treatment. SF also attenuated dexamethasone-induced atrophy. In conclusion, we show that SF augments myogenic differentiation and attenuates atrophy by increasing protein synthesis through mammalian target of rapamycin/70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 signaling pathway in human myotubes. SF can be a useful natural dietary supplement in increasing skeletal muscle mass, especially in the aged with sarcopenia and the patients with disuse atrophy.
KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF NITRATE ADSORPTION ON GRANULAR FERRIC HYDROXIDE

This study explored the feasibility of using granular ferric hydroxide as adsorbent for the removal of NO3 -N. Optimum conditions for NO3 - -N removal were found to be pH 5.0 and equilibrium time 80min. The equilibrium sorption isotherm was better described by Langmuir sorption isotherm model. The maximum sorption capacity of granular ferric hydroxide was 4.254mg/g at 298K. A comparison of four kinetic models applied to the adsorption of NO3 - -N was evaluated. The experimental data fitted well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. ∆H 0 and ∆G 0 all suggested that the adsorption of NO3 - -N onto granular ferric hydroxide was physisorption.
Field Techniques in an Urban Language Study.

To examine differences in nonstandard grammatical usage among and between Negro and white working-class informants a sample of 24 individuals was selected. It was thought that the speech of kindergarten children would show greater differences than that of adults. Accordingly, Negro and white children and their parents were interviewed in Alexandria, Virginia, a southern dialect area. Four tasks involving free conversation, description of pictures, repetition and direct eliciting were presented to each informant. The expectation that the amount of nonstandard usage would vary according to the type of task administered was confirmed, especially among the adults. Four of the five statistically significant differences involved the Negro children. The two significant differences between Negro children and white children (use of zero copula and the uninflected present tense verb with third person singular subject) were no longer significant between the adult groups, suggesting that the differences become less pronounced with age. No significant differences were found between the adult informant groups. Negro children had significantly greater usage of the form hisself and of zero copula than did their parents, and the white children had greater usage of the form was with plural subject. The size of the sample was limited by the number of available white and Negro children with comparable family backgrounds. It was possible, however, to construct a model for in-depth analysis using different eliciting techniques which might be helpful for future studies.