Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient isolation of multiphoton processes and detection of collective resonances in dilute samples

A novel technique to sensitively and selectively isolate multiple-quantum coherences in a femtosecond pump-probe setup is presented. Detecting incoherent observables and imparting lock-in amplification, even weak signals of highly dilute samples can be acquired. Applying this method, efficient isolation of one- and two-photon transitions in a rubidium-doped helium droplet beam experiment is demonstrated and collective resonances up to fourth order are observed in a potassium vapor for the first time. Our approach provides new perspectives for coherent experiments in the deep UV and novel multidimensional spectroscopy schemes, in particular when selective detection of particles in dilute gas-phase targets is possible.
Qualitative Analysis of the Time-Frequency Signature Induced by a Reflected L-Band Signal from Time Evolving Sea Surfaces

Passive remote sensing techniques have become more and more popular for detection and characterization purposes. The advantage of using the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are the well known signals emitted and the availability in most areas on Earth. In the present paper, L-Band signals (including GNSS signals) are considered for oceanographic purposes. The main interest in this contribution is the analysis of the signal reflected by an evolving sea surface using time-frequency transforms. The features which occur in this domain are examined in relation to the physical phenomena: interaction of the electromagnetic waves with the moving sea surface.
Flowing funnels: heat sources for field theories and the AdS3 dual of CFT2 Hawking radiation

We construct the general (2+1)-dimensional asymptotically AdS3 solution dual to a stationary 1+1 CFT state on a black hole background. These states involve heat transport by the CFT between the 1+1 black hole and infinity (or between two 1+1 black holes), and so describe the AdS dual of CFT Hawking radiation. Although the CFT stress tensor is typically singular at the past horizon of the 1+1 black hole, the bulk (2+1)-dimensional solutions are everywhere smooth, and in fact are diffeomorphic to AdS3. In particular, we find that Unruh states of the CFT on any finite-temperature 1+1 black hole background are described by extreme horizons in the bulk.
Leptoquark patterns unifying neutrino masses, flavor anomalies, and the diphoton excess

Vector leptoquarks provide an elegant solution to a series of anomalies and at the same time generate naturally light neutrino masses through their mixing with the standard model Higgs boson. We present a simple Froggatt-Nielsen model to accommodate the B physics anomalies RK and RD, neutrino masses, and the 750 GeV diphoton excess in one cohesive framework adding only two vector leptoquarks and two singlet scalar fields to the standard model field content.
Phenomenology of quantum reduced loop gravity in the isotropic cosmological sector

Quantum reduced loop gravity is designed to consistently study symmetry reduced systems within the loop quantum gravity framework. In particular, it bridges the gap between the effective cosmological models of loop quantum cosmology and the full theory, addressing the dynamics before the minisuperspace reduction. This mostly preserves the graph structure and SU(2) quantum numbers. In this article, we study the phenomenological consequences of the isotropic sector of the theory, the so-called emergent bouncing universe model. In particular, the parameter space is scanned and we show that the number of inflationary e-folds is almost always higher than the observational lower bound. We also compute the primordial tensor power spectrum and study its sensitivity upon the fundamental parameters used in the model.
Dark matter from backreaction? Collapse models on galaxy cluster scales

In inhomogeneous cosmology, restricting attention to an irrotational dust matter model, backreaction arises in terms of the deviation of the averaged spatial scalar curvature from a constant-curvature model on some averaging domain , , and the kinematical backreaction . These backreaction variables can be modeled as an effective scalar field, called the ‘morphon field’. The general cosmological equations still need a closure condition to be solved. A simple example is the class of scaling solutions where and are assumed to follow a power law of the volume scale factor . But while they can describe models of quintessence, these and other models still assume the existence of dark matter in addition to the known sources. Going beyond scaling solutions by using a model for structure formation that we argue is reasonably generic, we investigate the correspondence between the morphon field and fundamental scalar field dark matter models, in order to describe dark matter as an effective phenomenon arising from kinematical backreaction and the averaged spatial curvature of the inhomogeneous Universe. While we find significant differences with those fundamental models, our main result is that the energy budget on typical collapsing domains is provided by curvature and matter in equal parts already around the turn-around time, leading to curvature dominance thereafter and increasing to a curvature contribution of 3/4 of the energy budget at the onset of virialization. Kinematical backreaction is subdominant at early stages, but its importance rises quickly after turn-around and dominates the curvature contribution in the final phase of the collapse. We conclude that backreaction can indeed mimic dark matter (in the energy budget) during the collapse phase of megaparsec-scale structures.
Age and metallicity gradients in fossil ellipticals

Context. Fossil galaxy groups are speculated to be old and highly evolved systems of galaxies that formed early in the universe and had enough time to deplete their L ∗ galaxies through successive mergers of member galaxies, building up one massive central elliptical, but retaining the group X-ray halo. Aims. Considering that fossils are the remnants of mergers in ordi nary groups, the merger history of the progenitor group is ex pected to be imprinted in the fossil central galaxy (FCG). We present for the first time radial gradients of single-stellar popul ation (SSP) ages and metallicites in a sample of FCGs to constrain their formation scenario. We also measure line-strength gradients for the strongest absorption features in these galaxies. Methods. We took deep spectra with the long-slit spectrograph ISIS at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) for six FCGs. The obtained spectra are fit with Pegase HR SSP models within the ful l-spectrum fitting package ULySS yielding SSP ages and metal licities of the stellar populations. We measure radial gradients of S SP ages and metallicities along the major axes. Lick indices are measured for the strongest absorption features to determine line-st rength gradients and compare with the full-spectrum fitting results. Results. Our sample comprises some of the most massive galaxies in the universe exhibiting an average central velocity dispersio n of �0 = 271± 28 km s −1 . Metallicity gradients are throughout negative with comparatively flat slopes of ∇[Fe/H] =−0.19± 0.08 while age gradients are found to be insignificant (∇age = 0.00± 0.05). All FCGs lie on the fundamental plane, suggesting that they are virialised systems. We find that gradient strengths and central metalli cities are similar to those found in cluster ellipticals of s imilar mass. Conclusions. The comparatively flat metallicity gradients with respect t o those predicted by monolithic collapse (∇Z =−0.5) suggest that fossils are indeed the result of multiple major mergers . Hence we conclude that fossils are not ’failed groups’ that formed with a top heavy luminosity function. The low scatter of gradient slopes suggests a similar merging history for all galaxies in our sample.
Development of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in a Patient Receiving Rituximab

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, rapidly growing, and aggressive dermatological neoplasm. It is commonly reported in Caucasian ethnicities, and almost 50% of the patients have a concomitant malignancy and are on immunosuppressive chemotherapy. Here, we present a 79-year-old woman with a history of relapsed Stage II, grade III follicular lymphoma, receiving maintenance rituximab infusions. She presented with a raised erythematous papule on her left cheek. An excisional biopsy of the lesion confirmed a diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma. After which, she underwent a wider excision with 1-2 cm margins. PET scan did not reveal any FDG-avid uptake lesions that would be concerning for metastatic disease. However, she underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy which was also negative. Thus, the diagnosis was finalized as Stage I (T1 N0 M0) MCC. There are only two reported cases in literature about the significant progression of Merkel cell carcinoma in patients who coincidentally were receiving rituximab as a part of treatment for another disease. This raises questions for future investigation and research on whether there is a direct association between rituximab use specifically and the rapid growth of MCC.
Comparative studies on the explosion severity of different wood dusts from fiberboard production

Wood dust samples with different particle sizes were used to investigate the explosion characteristics of wood dust. The dust samples came from Populus alba L. , Pinus massoniana Lamb. , and Cinnamonum camphora (L.) Pres. , species that are commonly utilized in medium density fiberboard production in China. The thermogravimetric characteristics, element composition, and morphology of dust samples were analyzed to help explain the explosion phenomena in a 20 L sphere. The analysis showed that both the maximum explosion pressure and explosion index of wood dust presented a decreasing trend with increasing particle size, and the maximum explosion pressure values were in the range of 7 to 9 bar, regardless of species. For both explosion pressure and explosion index values, the wood dust with similar particle sizes were different, which are ranked as Populus alba > Cinnamonum camphora > Pinus massoniana. In addition, for the explosion pressure of wood dust with similar particle size, the dust concentration had threshold values. Additionally, the particle size and dust concentration had a synergistic effect on the explosion pressure and explosion index. Wood dust with a smaller particle size is more likely to explode at the threshold of concentration.
Plausibility of an integrated national model for the evaluation of mitigation options on agricultural nitrogen losses

In the Netherlands nitrogen control policy is focusing on reducing (i) leaching and runoff of N to ground water and surface water and (ii) emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. An integrated N model is thus crucial to determine the (cost) effectiveness of measures at regional and national scale. Because existing models do not focus on the fluxes of all relevant reactive N compounds to different compartments and are mostly complex, parameter rich and data hungry, they are less suitable for an integrated evaluation of mitigation measures on a regional or national scale. Therefore, the integrated nitrogen model Initiator was developed, representing all crucial processes in the N chain by simple process descriptions. Here we address the plausibility of Initiator and demonstrate how the model can be used for the evaluation of mitigation strategies. Plausibility was judged on a comparison of the crucial model outputs (leaching and runoff of N to ground water and surface water and emissions of NH3 and N2O to the atmosphere) with those of the complex national reference models and a comparison between modelled nitrate concentrations in groundwater with available measurements. Results show that the model performance of Initiator is comparable to that of complex references models,, especially when focussing at a national scale. Mitigation measures where evaluated on their environmental benefit and their cost effectiveness as well. Management measures appear to be rather cost effective in order to reduce the N losses to atmosphere and water compartments, but additional expensive technical measures are needed to comply with national and European directives on ammonia emissions to the file:///T|/2006/Werkgebied-Reind/Mails%20produkten%2.1796/T4-231796_Kros3rd%20N-conference_paper_Kros. htm (1 of 15)18/05/2006 3:37:32 PM MODELED IMPACTS OF FARMING PRACTICES AND STRUCTURAL . N NITROGEN FLUXES IN THE NETHERLANDSIMPACTS OF AGRIC
Black holes in magnetic monopoles with a dark halo

We study a spontaneously broken Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs model coupled via a Higgs portal to an uncharged scalar [Formula: see text]. We present a phase diagram of self-gravitating solutions showing that depending on the choice of parameters of the [Formula: see text] scalar potential and the Higgs portal coupling constant [Formula: see text], one can identify different regions: If [Formula: see text] is sufficiently small, a [Formula: see text] halo is created around the monopole core which in turn surrounds a black hole. For larger values of [Formula: see text], no halo exists and the solution is just a black hole monopole one. When the horizon radius grows and becomes larger than the monopole radius, solely a black hole solution exists. Because of the presence of the [Formula: see text] scalar, a bound for the Higgs potential coupling constant exists and when it is not satisfied, the vacuum is unstable and no nontrivial solution exists. We briefly comment on possible connections of our results with those found in recent dark matter axion models.
The IAC Stripe82 Legacy Survey: Improved Sky-rectified Images

The IAC Stripe 82 Legacy Survey is a new co-addition of the SDSS Stripe 82 data (Abazajian et al. 2009), especially reduced to preserve the faintest surface brightness features of this data set. The survey maps a 2.5 degree wide stripe along the Celestial Equator in the Southern Galactic Cap (-50$^{\circ}$ $<$ R.A. $<$ 60$^{\circ}$, -1.25$^{\circ}$ $<$ Dec.$<$ 1.25$^{\circ}$) with a total of 275 square degrees in all the five SDSS filters (u,g,r,i,z). The new reduction includes an additional and deeper band (rdeep), which is a combination of g, r and i bands. The average seeing of the Stripe82 dataset is around 1 arcsec. The mean surface brightness limits are $\mu_{lim}$[3$\sigma$,10$\times$10 arcsec$^{2}$] = 27.9, 29.1, 28.6, 28.1 and 26.7 mag arcsec$^{-2}$ for the u, g, r, i and z bands respectively. The significant depth of the data and the emphasis on preserving the characteristics of the background (sky + diffuse light) through a non-aggressive sky subtraction strategy make this dataset suitable for the study of the low surface brightness Universe. In this research note we present a new data release with improved sky-rectified images. This new data-set is published on the survey webpage and is publicly available for the community.
Quantum gate teleportation between separated qubits in a trapped-ion processor

Teleporting a trapped-ion quantum gate Gating—controlling the state of one qubit conditioned on the state of another—is a key procedure in all quantum information processors. As the scale of quantum processors increases, the qubits will need to interact over larger and larger distances, which presents an experimental challenge in solid-state architectures. Wan et al. implemented the 20-year-old theoretical proposal of quantum gate teleportation that allows separated qubits to interact effectively. They deterministically teleported a controlled-NOT gate between two computational qubits in spatially separated zones in a segmented ion trap, demonstrating a feasible route toward scalable quantum information processors. Science, this issue p. 875 Teleportation of a trapped-ion quantum gate enables spatially separated qubits to interact. Large-scale quantum computers will require quantum gate operations between widely separated qubits. A method for implementing such operations, known as quantum gate teleportation (QGT), requires only local operations, classical communication, and shared entanglement. We demonstrate QGT in a scalable architecture by deterministically teleporting a controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate between two qubits in spatially separated locations in an ion trap. The entanglement fidelity of our teleported CNOT is in the interval (0.845, 0.872) at the 95% confidence level. The implementation combines ion shuttling with individually addressed single-qubit rotations and detections, same- and mixed-species two-qubit gates, and real-time conditional operations, thereby demonstrating essential tools for scaling trapped-ion quantum computers combined in a single device.
OAO/MITSuME photometry of dwarf novae. III. CSS130418:174033+414756

We report on multicolour photometry of the short period dwarf nova CSS130418:174033+414756 during the 2013 superoutburst. The system showed an unusually short superhump period with 0.046346(67) d during stage A, which is one of the shortest periods among dwarf novae below the period minimum. We found that the bluest peaks in $g' - I_{\rm c}$ colour variations tend to coincide with the brightness minima of the superhump modulations. We also studied nightly-averaged superhump amplitudes in $g'$, $R_{\rm c}$, and $I_{\rm c}$ bands and found that they have less dependence on wavelength. These properties are likely to be in common with dwarf novae exhibiting superhumps. We successfully obtained $g' - R_{\rm c}$ and $R_{\rm c} - I_{\rm c}$ colours during the temporal dip. The colour indices were significantly bluer compared with other dips of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. By using the period of the growing superhumps, we estimated the mass ratio to be $q$ = 0.077(5), which is much larger than the previous study.
National identity, partisanship, and attitudes toward North Korean defectors in South Korea

ABSTRACT Based on the group-centric perspective on immigration, previous studies argue that shared identities help citizens in a host state shape more favourable attitudes toward immigrants. Likewise, the existing findings suggest that, given both co-ethnicity and co-nationality, South Koreans are likely to have more positive attitudes toward North Korean defectors than other types of immigrants. However, in this paper, we present a different perspective to analyse South Koreans’ attitudes toward North Korean defectors by taking the role of partisanship into account. Using an original survey experiment, we found that when the liberal incumbent government emphasises the inclusion of North Korean defectors, conservative partisans’ attitudes become negative. In particular, this partisan bias appears with regard to ethnic national identity, but not to civic national identity. Conversely, under the same condition, liberals’ attitudes do not change positively. Based on the findings, we conclude that South Koreans’ attitudes toward North Korean defectors are related to negative partisanship.
Distribution of Blue Galaxies in a Merging Cluster of Galaxies Abell 168

The fraction of star-forming galaxies in rich clusters of galaxies increases rapidly with the redshift. This is interpreted as the result of a rapid evolution of cluster galaxies, though its mechanism is not yet clear. One hypothesis is that if galaxies run into the dense intracluster medium (ICM) regions, starbursts can be induced due to compression of molecular clouds in the galaxies by a raised "external" ICM pressure. In a merging cluster, there would be dense ICM regions and some galaxies may experience a rapid increase of external pressure. Thus, if the mechanism works, starbursts would occur in such galaxies. Such a situation is considered to be realized in Coma cluster, and galaxies showing a recent starburst have a characteristic spatial distribution; they populate an elongated region between two sub-clusters. We examined the above hypothesis by measuring the spatial distribution of blue galaxies, regarded as star-forming galaxies in Abell~168 to check whether a case like Coma is realized in this recently merging cluster. However, we could not find an enhanced blue-galaxy distribution between two sub-clusters. We discuss the causes of our result, including possibilities of surviving the hypothesis.
Quantifying Seismic Source Parameter Uncertainties 537

We use data from a small aperture array in southern California to quantify variations in source parameter estimates at closely spaced stations (distances ranging from ∼7 to 350 m) to provide constraints on parameter uncertainties. Many studies do not consider uncertainties in these estimates even though they can be significant and have important implications for studies of earthquake source physics. Here, we estimate seismic source parameters in the frequency domain using empirical Green’s function (EGF) methods to remove effects of the travel paths between earthquakes and their recording stations.We examine uncertainties in our estimates by quantifying the resulting distributions over all stations in the array. For coseismic stress drop estimates, we find that minimum uncertainties of ∼30% of the estimate can be expected. To test the robustness of our results, we explore variations of the dataset using different groupings of stations, different source regions, and different EGF earthquakes. Although these differences affect our absolute estimates of stress drop, they do not greatly influence the spread in our resulting estimates. These sensitivity tests show that station selection is not the primary contribution to the uncertainties in our parameter estimates for single stations. We conclude that establishing reliable methods of estimating uncertainties in source parameter estimates (including corner frequencies, source durations, and coseismic static stress drops) is essential, particularly when the results are used in the comparisons among different studies over a range of earthquake magnitudes and locations.
Quantum Cellular Automata: Schr\"{o}dinger and Heisenberg Pictures

Axiomatic definitions of Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) are foundational in discrete space-time models of physics. Templates of axiomatic QCA serve as primary points of investigations concerning properties, structural results, and classes of QCA that are potentially significant for quantum algorithms and simulations. We examine, from a representation theory standpoint, the relation between the templates corresponding to the Schr\"{o}dinger and the Heisenberg pictures of evolution for QCA over finite, unbounded configurations.