Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALIX and ESCRT-III Coordinately Control Cytokinetic Abscission during Germline Stem Cell Division In Vivo

Abscission is the final step of cytokinesis that involves the cleavage of the intercellular bridge connecting the two daughter cells. Recent studies have given novel insight into the spatiotemporal regulation and molecular mechanisms controlling abscission in cultured yeast and human cells. The mechanisms of abscission in living metazoan tissues are however not well understood. Here we show that ALIX and the ESCRT-III component Shrub are required for completion of abscission during Drosophila female germline stem cell (fGSC) division. Loss of ALIX or Shrub function in fGSCs leads to delayed abscission and the consequent formation of stem cysts in which chains of daughter cells remain interconnected to the fGSC via midbody rings and fusome. We demonstrate that ALIX and Shrub interact and that they co-localize at midbody rings and midbodies during cytokinetic abscission in fGSCs. Mechanistically, we show that the direct interaction between ALIX and Shrub is required to ensure cytokinesis completion with normal kinetics in fGSCs. We conclude that ALIX and ESCRT-III coordinately control abscission in Drosophila fGSCs and that their complex formation is required for accurate abscission timing in GSCs in vivo.
Modeling of fault-tolerant mobile agents execution in distributed systems

The reliable execution of a mobile agent is a very important design issue to build a mobile agent system and many fault-tolerant schemes have been proposed. Hence, in this paper, we present FATOMAS, a java based fault-tolerant mobile agent system based on an algorithm presented in an earlier paper. In contrary to the standard "place-dependent" architectural approach, FATOMAS uses the novel agent-dependent approach introduced in the paper. In this approach, the protocol that provides fault tolerance travels with the agent. This has the important advantage to allow fault-tolerant mobile agent execution with out the need to modify the underlying mobile agent platform. We derive the FATOMAS (Fault-Tolerant Mobile Agent System) design which offers a user transparent fault tolerance that can be activated on request, according to the needs of the task, also discuss how transactional agent with types of commitment constraints can commit. Furthermore this paper proposes a solution for effective agent deployment using dynamic agent domains.
Ingénierie des protocoles d'interaction : des systèmes distribués aux systèmes multi-agents

La problematique generale qui oriente notre travail concerne l'aptitude de groupes d'agents artificiels a offrir une observation sur leur comportement individuel et collectif. Cette recherche se situe au carrefour de l'intelligence artificielle distribuee et de la problematique de l'observation dans les systemes repartis. Le propre d'une execution effectuee dans un systeme multi-agents (SMA) est l'intervention de plusieurs agents autonomes et cooperatifs qui participent selon leurs competences a une activite collective finalisee. Au sein des systemes multi-agents, la communication est souvent l'un des moyens utilises pour echanger des informations entre agents (e. G. Plans, resultats partiels, buts, etc. . . ). La capacite de communiquer et par consequent, de cooperer des agents s'appuie sur un fond commun d'aptitudes aussi complexes que la perception, l'apprentissage, la planification et le raisonnement. On retrouve ainsi dans la resolution de problemes des situations d'interaction et des strategies cooperatives non deterministes, difficiles a interpreter et parfois non completement reproductibles. Nos preoccupations rejoignent celles soulevees dans le cadre des systemes repartis pour lesquels l'analyse et la verification des applications reparties est un probleme largement etudie. Notre approche vise a pouvoir analyser les interactions au cours de leur execution au sein d'un SMA aussi bien pour observer et comprendre les strategies cooperatives adoptees par les agents que pour tester et valider des protocoles d'interaction. Alors que les evenements d'un calcul sequentiel sont lineairement ordonnes, la representation la plus fine que l'on peut faire d'une execution repartie est un ordre partiel. Ces evenements sont structures en un graphe causal a l'aide de techniques d'algorithmique repartie. Pour comprendre et analyser finement les interactions, nous modelisons des patterns d' interaction par des reseaux de Petri colores et utilisons le graphe causal genere pour en extraire des instances d'interactions. Pour realiser la reconnaissance, nous proposons un algorithme base sur la correlation causale des evenements qui tire parti de la semantique du depliage des reseaux de Petri. Une fois les interactions identifiees, leur analyse permet d'expliquer le comportement du systeme tandis que leur evaluation fournit aux agents des criteres qualitatifs pour ameliorer leurs interactions futures. C'est une approche originale a notre connaissance, par le traitement des aspects dynamiques des interactions, sans avoir a manipuler le temps physique et global. Nous proposons egalement une utilisation des reseaux de Petri pour modeliser des protocoles d'interaction et de leur semantique d'ordre partiel pour analyser leur execution.
Rituximab and ▼abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis

Estimates from the UK indicate that around 0.5–1.0% of the population have rheumatoid arthritis.1 Here we assess the place of rituximab (MabThera – Roche Products Ltd) and ▼abatacept (Orencia – Bristol-Myers-Squibb), drugs in two new classes, which are licensed for certain adults with the condition.
Interplay between signaling via the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) in human eosinophils

Eosinophils express the chemoattractant receptors CCR3 and FPR. CCR3 binds several agonists such as eotaxin‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 and RANTES, whereas the FPR binds the formylated tripeptide fMLP and a host of other ligands. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is interplay between these two receptors regarding the elicitation of migration and respiratory burst in human blood‐derived eosinophils. Inhibition of the FPR with the antagonists CyH and boc‐MLP abrogated the migration of eosinophils toward all of the CCR3 agonists. Similar results were seen when the FPR was desensitized with its cognate ligand, fMLP. In contrast, the respiratory burst triggered by eotaxin‐1 was not inhibited by CyH. Thus, signals evoked via the FPR caused unidirectional down‐regulation of CCR3‐mediated chemotaxis but not respiratory burst in human eosinophils. The underlying mechanism was neither reduced ability of the CCR3 ligand eotaxin‐1 to bind to CCR3 nor down‐regulation of CCR3 from the cell surface. Finally, confocal microscopy and adFRET analysis ruled out homo‐ or heterodimer formation between FPR and/or CCR3 as an explanation for the reduction in chemotaxis via CCR3. Pharmacologic inhibition of signal transduction molecules showed that the release of free oxygen radicals in response to eotaxin‐1 compared with fMLP is relatively more dependent on the p38 MAPK pathway.
Bayesian Numerical Homogenization

Numerical homogenization, i.e., the finite-dimensional approximation of solution spaces of PDEs with arbitrary rough coefficients, requires the identification of accurate basis elements. These basis elements are oftentimes found after a laborious process of scientific investigation and plain guesswork. Can this identification problem be facilitated? Is there a general recipe/decision framework for guiding the design of basis elements? We suggest that the answer to the above questions could be positive based on the reformulation of numerical homogenization as a Bayesian inference problem in which a given PDE with rough coefficients (or multiscale operator) is excited with noise (random right-hand side/source term) and one tries to estimate the value of the solution at a given point based on a finite number of observations. We apply this reformulation to the identification of bases for the numerical homogenization of arbitrary integro-differential equations and show that these bases have optimal recovery properties. In particular we show how rough polyharmonic splines can be rediscovered as the optimal solution of a Gaussian filtering problem.
Reorganization of Visual Callosal Connections Following Alterations of Retinal Input and Brain Damage

Vision is a very important sensory modality in humans. Visual disorders are numerous and arising from diverse and complex causes. Deficits in visual function are highly disabling from a social point of view and in addition cause a considerable economic burden. For all these reasons there is an intense effort by the scientific community to gather knowledge on visual deficit mechanisms and to find possible new strategies for recovery and treatment. In this review, we focus on an important and sometimes neglected player of the visual function, the corpus callosum (CC). The CC is the major white matter structure in the brain and is involved in information processing between the two hemispheres. In particular, visual callosal connections interconnect homologous areas of visual cortices, binding together the two halves of the visual field. This interhemispheric communication plays a significant role in visual cortical output. Here, we will first review the essential literature on the physiology of the callosal connections in normal vision. The available data support the view that the callosum contributes to both excitation and inhibition to the target hemisphere, with a dynamic adaptation to the strength of the incoming visual input. Next, we will focus on data showing how callosal connections may sense visual alterations and respond to the classical paradigm for the study of visual plasticity, i.e., monocular deprivation (MD). This is a prototypical example of a model for the study of callosal plasticity in pathological conditions (e.g., strabismus and amblyopia) characterized by unbalanced input from the two eyes. We will also discuss the findings of callosal alterations in blind subjects. Noteworthy, we will discuss data showing that inter-hemispheric transfer mediates recovery of visual responsiveness following cortical damage. Finally, we will provide an overview of how callosal projections dysfunction could contribute to pathologies such as neglect and occipital epilepsy. A particular focus will be on reviewing noninvasive brain stimulation techniques and optogenetic approaches that allow to selectively manipulate callosal function and to probe its involvement in cortical processing and plasticity. Overall, the data indicate that experience can potently impact on transcallosal connectivity, and that the callosum itself is crucial for plasticity and recovery in various disorders of the visual pathway.
Cerebrospinal fluid anandamide levels, cannabis use and psychotic-like symptoms

Summary Anandamide is a ligand of the endocannabinoid system. Animals show a depletion following repeated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration but the effect of cannabis use on central nervous system levels of endocannabinoids has not been previously examined in humans. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and related lipids were tested in 33 volunteers (20 cannabis users). Lower levels of CSF anandamide and higher levels of 2-AG in serum were observed in frequent compared with infrequent cannabis users. Levels of CSF anandamide were negatively correlated with persisting psychotic symptoms when drug-free. Higher levels of anandamide are associated with a lower risk of psychotic symptoms following cannabis use.
Embodied Grounding of Memory: Toward the Effects of Motor Execution on Memory consolidation

Behavioural and neuroscientific research has provided evidence for a strong functional link between the neural motor system and lexical–semantic processing of action-related language. It remains unclear, however, whether the impact of motor actions is restricted to online language comprehension or whether sensorimotor codes are also important in the formation and consolidation of persisting memory representations of the word's referents. The current study now demonstrates that recognition performance for action words is modulated by motor actions performed during the retention interval. Specifically, participants were required to learn words denoting objects that were associated with either a pressing or a twisting action (e.g., piano, screwdriver) and words that were not associated to actions. During a 6–8-minute retention phase, participants performed an intervening task that required the execution of pressing or twisting responses. A subsequent recognition task revealed a better memory for words that denoted objects for which the functional use was congruent with the action performed during the retention interval (e.g., pepper mill–twisting action, doorbell–pressing action) than for words that denoted objects for which the functional use was incongruent. In further experiments, we were able to generalize this effect of selective memory enhancement of words by performing congruent motor actions to an implicit perceptual (Experiment 2) and implicit semantic memory test (Experiment 3). Our findings suggest that a reactivation of motor codes affects the process of memory consolidation and emphasizes therefore the important role of sensorimotor codes in establishing enduring semantic representations.
Chromosome scale genome assembly and transcriptome profiling of Nannochloropsis gaditana in nitrogen depletion.

Nannochloropsis is rapidly emerging as a model organism for the study of biofuel production in microalgae. Here, we report a high-quality genomic assembly of Nannochloropsis gaditana, consisting of large contigs, up to 500 kbp long, and scaffolds that in most cases span the entire length of the chromosomes. We identified 10646 complete genes and characterized possible alternative transcripts. The annotation of the predicted genes and the analysis of cellular processes revealed traits relevant for the genetic improvement of this organism such as genes involved in DNA recombination, RNA silencing, and cell wall synthesis. We also analyzed the modification of the transcriptional profile in nitrogen deficiency-a condition known to stimulate lipid accumulation. While the content of lipids increased, we did not detect major changes in expression of the genes involved in their biosynthesis. At the same time, we observed a very significant down-regulation of mitochondrial gene expression, suggesting that part of the Acetyl-CoA and NAD(P)H, normally oxidized through the mitochondrial respiration, would be made available for fatty acids synthesis, increasing the flux through the lipid biosynthetic pathway. Finally, we released an information resource of the genomic data of N. gaditana, available online at www.nannochloropsis. org.
Temperature-Compensated Structure For Saw Pressure Sensor In Very High Temperature

This paper concerns the design and the analysis of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) pressure sensor that is capable to work in high temperature (up to 800degC) environment. Novel structures of the device are also presented for self-temperature compensation. Special attention is made on the different possible multilayer structures that could be used, the behavior of the sensor, the electromechanical coupling factor, the wave velocity as well as the required RF matching circuit. These parameters are critical issues for this special SAW sensor.
Unsupervised Adaptation With Discriminative Mapping Transforms

The most commonly used approaches to speaker adaptation are based on linear transforms, as these can be robustly estimated using limited adaptation data. Although significant gains can be obtained using discriminative criteria for training acoustic models, maximum-likelihood (ML) estimated transforms are still used for unsupervised adaptation. This is because discriminatively trained transforms are highly sensitive to errors in the adaptation supervision hypothesis. This paper describes a new framework for estimating transforms that are discriminative in nature, but are less sensitive to this hypothesis issue. A speaker-independent discriminative mapping transformation (DMT) is estimated during training. This transform is obtained after a speaker-specific ML-estimated transform of each training speaker has been applied. During recognition an ML speaker-specific transform is found for each test-set speaker and the speaker-independent DMT then applied. This allows a transform which is discriminative in nature to be indirectly estimated, while only requiring an ML speaker-specific transform to be found during recognition. The DMT technique is evaluated on an English conversational telephone speech task. Experiments showed that using DMT in unsupervised adaptation led to significant gains over both standard ML and discriminatively trained transforms.
A Note on the Non-Colorability Threshold of a Random Graph

In this paper we consider the problem of establishing a value $r_0$ such that almost all random graphs with $n$ vertices and $rn$ edges, $r > r_0$, are asymptotically not 3-colorable. In our approach we combine the concept of rigid legal colorings introduced by Achlioptas and Molloy with the occupancy problem for random allocations of balls into bins. Using the sharp estimates obtained by Kamath et al. of the probability that no bin is empty after the random placement of the balls and exploiting the relationship between the placement of balls and the rigid legal colorings, we improve the value $r_0 = 2.522$ previously obtained by Achlioptas and Molloy to $r_0 = 2.495$.
Expressions of Caspase‐14 in Human Middle Ear Cholesteatoma

Objectives: Cholesteatoma is characterized by an excessive proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes with a progressive accumulation of keratin debris. Caspase‐14 is a novel regulator of keratinocyte terminal differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression patterns and localizations of caspase‐ 14 in cholesteatoma and in normal external auditory canal (EAC) epithelium.
A Phase II Clinical Trial of Interleukin‐2 and Lymphokine‐Activated Killer Cells in Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma

Summary: patients (n=22) with metastatic or unresectable colorectal carcinoma were treated with interleukin (IL)-2 and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in a phase II study conducted by the IL-2/LAK Working Group (ILWG). Eligilbility criteria for the study included bidimensionally measurable disease, performance status 0 or 1, and normal function of all vital organs. The median age of patients was 49 (range, 28–61)years. Eight (36%) patients had never received prior radiotherapy, and 12 (55%) chemotherapy. No patients had received prior immunotherapy. Treatment consisted of Il-2, 600,000 IU/kg administered lby 15 min intravenous infusion every 8 h on days 1–5 and 12–16. Patients underwent 4-h leukapheresis on days 8–12, and cells were placed in in vitro culture with IL-2 for 3–4 days and the activated LAK cells were infused over 1 h on days 12, 13, and 15. All doses of IL-2 and LAK cells were administered to patients in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. The mean ± SD number of IL-2 doses administered during days 1–5 was 13.4 ± 1.2, the mean number of LAK cells reinfused was 6.8 ± 2.2 x 1010, and the mean number of IL-2 doses administered during the last phase was 9.8 ± 2.5. Nineteen patients completed the IL-2 priming phase and received at least one LAK cell infusion. One patient achieved a complete response and was progression free for 8 months from the beginning of treatment for an overall objective response rate of 5% (95% confidence interval: 0–13%). Hyp9otension, weight gain, anemia, and elevations of serum creatinine and liver enzymes were common, but there were no treatment-related death. Treatment delivered and tozicity were comparable to lthose reported in studies conducted concurrently for other malignancies. We conclude that high-dose IL-2 with other immunotherapeutic approache.
CliniCal eValuation and treatment of aml

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Genetic analysis of morphological traits in a new, versatile, rapid-cycling Brassica rapa recombinant inbred line population

A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was produced based on a wide cross between the rapid-cycling and self-compatible genotypes L58, a Caixin vegetable type, and R-o-18, a yellow sarson oil type. A linkage map based on 160 F7 lines was constructed using 100 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 130 AFLP®, 27 InDel, and 13 publicly available SSR markers. The map covers a total length of 1150 centiMorgan (cM) with an average resolution of 4.3 cM/marker. To demonstrate the versatility of this new population, 17 traits, related to plant architecture and seed characteristics, were subjected to quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. A total of 47 QTLs were detected, each explaining between 6 and 54% of the total phenotypic variance for the concerned trait. The genetic analysis shows that this population is a useful new tool for analyzing genetic variation for interesting traits in B. rapa, and for further exploitation of the recent availability of the B. rapa whole genome sequence for gene cloning and gene function analysis.