Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food Information Environments: Risk Communication and Advertising Imagery

The imagery of any foodstuff is shaped by assumptions of what is culturally valued as food, assumptions that are also fed by marketing, expert nutritional advice and intermittent food “alarms”. This paper raises the issue of risk communication versus advertising and argues that in order to better understand consumers' response to food risk communication we should pay closer attention to the broader information environment in which the compromised foodstuffs are embedded. Any new information properly crafted in the form of “risk messages” necessarily interacts with the information that constitutes the foodstuff's environment. It is proposed that focusing on such an environment, rather than on the “content” of the risk message alone, improves understanding of how the risk message eventually triggers further selections and decisions about the compromised foodstuff. The risk communication is itself a media event and is seen as part of the food information environment rather than autonomous to it.
Being Honest About Dishonesty: Correlating Self‐Reports and Actual Lying

Does everybody lie? A dominant view is that lying is part of everyday social interaction. Recent research, however, has claimed, that robust individual differences exist, with most people reporting that they do not lie, and only a small minority reporting very frequent lying. In this study, we found most people to subjectively report little or no lying. Importantly, we found self-reports of frequent lying to positively correlate with real-life cheating and psychopathic tendencies. Our findings question whether lying is normative and common among most people, and instead suggest that most people are honest most of the time and that a small minority lies frequently.
PROCESSING OF SMOKING AND MONETARY REWARDS AMONG CHRONIC SMOKERS: CHARACTERIZATION OF NEURAL RESPONSE, MODERATION BY ABSTINENCE, AND ASSOCIATION WITH SMOKING OUTCOMES

Theoretical models suggest that chronic smoking may be associated with both hypersensitivity to smoking and related cues and hyposensitivity to alternative reinforcers, and that these effects may be more pronounced during deprivation from smoking. However, neural responses to smoking and non-smoking rewards are rarely evaluated within the same paradigm, and current neuroimaging evidence on the effects of deprivation on reward processing is limited. Bias toward smoking reward in lieu of alternative rewards during abstinence could represent a fundamental mechanism contributing to relapse during a quit attempt. In this dissertation, I present a series of analyses to address three primary aims: 1) to characterize the neural response to smoking and non-smoking rewards among chronic smokers within the same paradigm, 2) to determine the impact of deprivation upon the neural response to both reward types, and 3) to evaluate the association between neural responses to both reward types and the choice to smoke in lieu of alternative reinforcement. Smokers each participated in two separate fMRI scans, one after smoking ad libitum and one following 24 hours of abstinence. A rewarded guessing task was conducted during each scan to evaluate BOLD response during anticipation and delivery of both smoking and monetary rewards. Following completion of both scans, smokers engaged in a quit attempt supported by contingency management, during which abstinence from smoking was reinforced with monetary iii reward. Results indicated that smoking and monetary rewards both activated the same reward-related circuitry, including ventral and dorsal striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and bilateral insula. Abstinence from smoking was associated with an increase in anticipatory activation to smoking reward and a parallel decrease in anticipatory activation to monetary reward in the same reward-related regions. Furthermore, preliminary analyses suggested that larger decreases in anticipatory activation to monetary reward in the right caudate were associated with higher likelihood of lapse during contingency management. Collectively, these results suggest that reward processing may be biased toward smoking reward at the expense of alternative rewards during abstinence—a bias which may directly impact smoking behavior during a quit attempt.
Identification and characterization of Xenopus OMP25

This study describes the isolation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein 25 (OMP25) from Xenopus laevis and an analysis of its role in early development. X. laevis OMP25 (xOMP25) is a transmembrane protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane with a PDZ domain in the cytoplasmic tail, and an approximate molecular size of 25 kDa. We isolated xOMP25 from a cDNA library of X. laevis tailbud embryos. Amino acid sequence analysis of xOMP25 showed 57% identity to mouse OMP25, with 73% identity in the PDZ domains. XOMP25 mRNA is expressed maternally, and at a constant level throughout early development. The transcript is localized to eye, otic vesicle, branchial arch and neural tube. Mitochondrial targeting of an EGFP‐fusion protein of xOMP25 was visualized using a mitochondria‐specific fluorescent dye. Overexpression of xOMP25 in embryos caused curved axes, small eyes and disorganized head structures. Knockdown of xOMP25 protein using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides resulted in slightly shortened axes and decreased neural tissue. Although the mechanism remains unclear, our results implicate xOMP25 protein in the formation of the intact neural tube.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Territoriality: Interaction Distances of Native Japanese, Hawaii Japanese, and American Caucasians

Distance between dyads, using an adaption of Kuethe's (1962) Felt Figure technique, was investigated as a function of relationship, culture, sex, and conversational content. Relationship was the most powerful determinant of distance. Culture was also significant, but sex and content were not. As predicted, Native Japanese had greater distances than either Hawaii Japanese or American Caucasians. However, no differences were found between Hawaii Japanese and American Caucasians, which was contrary to anticipated results. Sex differences among Native Japanese and American Caucasians were not significant. The hypothesis of greater distances for Hawaii Japanese males was not supported. Previous studies had indicated a more rapid rate of acculturation for Hawaii Japanese females, but on the dimension of interaction distance sex was not a significant determinant for the Hawaii Japanese group.
Zero-anaphora resolution by learning rich syntactic pattern features

We approach the zero-anaphora resolution problem by decomposing it into intrasentential and intersentential zero-anaphora resolution tasks. For the former task, syntactic patterns of zeropronouns and their antecedents are useful clues. Taking Japanese as a target language, we empirically demonstrate that incorporating rich syntactic pattern features in a state-of-the-art learning-based anaphora resolution model dramatically improves the accuracy of intrasentential zero-anaphora, which consequently improves the overall performance of zero-anaphora resolution.
Partial Agonist Activity of 11-cis-Retinal in Rhodopsin Mutants*

Rhodopsin, the photoreceptor molecule of the vertebrate rod cell, is a G protein-coupled receptor. Rhodopsin consists of the opsin apoprotein and its 11-cis-retinal chromophore, which is covalently bound to a specific lysine residue by a stable protonated Schiff base linkage. Rhodopsin activation occurs when light causes photoisomerization of the 11-cischromophore to its all-trans form. The all-trans chromophore is the receptor agonist. The 11-cis-retinylidene chromophore is analogous pharmacologically to a potent inverse agonist of the receptor. We report here that replacement of a highly conserved glycine residue (Gly121) causes 11-cis-retinal to become a pharmacologic partial agonist. Although the mutant apoproteins do not display constitutive activity, they are active in the dark when bound to an 11-cis-retinylidene chromophore, or to a “locked” chromophore analogue, Ret-7. The degree of partial agonism is directly related to the size of the amino acid replacement at position 121, and it can be reversed by a specific second-site replacement of Phe261. Thus, mutation of Gly121 in rhodopsin causes 11-cis-retinal to act as a partial agonist rather than an inverse agonist, allowing the mutant pigment to activate transducin in the dark.
Friending Participants: Managing the Researcher–Participant Relationship on Social Network Sites

Research into youth engagement with social network sites such as MySpace and Facebook highlights a complex set of ethical dimensions, which do not always translate easily from similar concerns in traditional offline research. On social network sites, it is clear that many young people are managing their online presences in strategic ways, often involving conventions around determining access to these spaces. If these sites are framed by their young users as at least ‘partially private’, how should the researcher seek access to these spaces and how should the researcher operate in these spaces if access is permitted? This article reflects on qualitative research undertaken by the author from 2007 to 2010, which involved ‘friending’ participants on MySpace and Facebook. Based on this reflection, and contextualized by an engagement with literature concerning both Internet research and youth research, this article argues that social network sites blur the public/private dichotomy. Thus, research engaging with participants on these sites requires ongoing ethical reflection around assumptions about public and private information, and researchers, institutional ethics committees and review boards must develop and make use of suitably informed expertise to both conduct and review future scholarship in this area.
Youth Gangs and Definitional Issues: When is a Gang a Gang, and Why Does it Matter?

The recent explosion in gang research has highlighted the importance of consistent definitions for gang affiliation and gang-related crime. Definitional questions have assumed greater significance in the wake of broad-ranging prevention and intervention strategies. In this article, the authors utilize a sample of approximately 6,000 middle-school students to examine the youth gang phenomenon using five increasingly restrictive membership definitions. The least restrictive definition includes all youth who claim gang membership at some point in time. The most restrictive definition includes only those youth who are current core gang members who indicate that their gang has some degree of organizational structure and whose members are involved in illegal activities. The authors examine the differentially defined gang and nongang youths on various demographic characteristics, theretical factors, and levels of self-reported crime. The authors also address the theoretical and policy implications of shifting definitions of gang membership.
Preliminary analysis of the ecology and geography of the Asian nuthatches (Aves: Sittidae)

Abstract We explored distributions of Asian nuthatch species in ecological and geographic space using ecological niche modeling based on occurrence data associated with specimens and observations. Nuthatches represent a well-defined clade occurring throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but are most diverse in southern Asia where 15 of the 24 species occur and where the lineage is believed to have evolved. Species richness was focused in a narrow east–west band corresponding to the forested parts of the Himalayas with a maximum number of nine species predicted present in these foci. The distributional predictions have a mid-elevation focus with highest species diversity between 1,000 and 2,000 m. Niche breadth and volume were positively related, but accumulation of distributional area (niche volume) decreased with additional environmental combinations (niche breadth). The extent of potential range filling, a measure of distributional disequilibrium, was connected with montane habit (R2 = 0.422) indicating that montane situations limit the distributional potential of species.
Considering Interacting Factors in the Third-Person Effect: Argument Strength and Social Distance

This study explores the possible relationship among issue involvement, argument strength, and the third-person effect. The study examines Petty and Cacioppo's Elaboration Likelihood Model and the third-person effect hypothesis. The hypothesis in this laboratory experiment was that perceived issue involvement in others would interact with argument strength in a written persuasive message to affect the nature of the third-person effect. That is, it was hypothesized and found that people tend to believe that “others” will be more affected than themselves by a persuasive message that contains weak argumentation, but that “others” will be less affected than themselves by a persuasive message that contains strong argumentation.
Global Solutions to the Lake Equations with Isolated Vortex Regions

The vorticity formulation for the lake equations in R2 is studied. We assume that the initial vorticity has the form ui (x, 0) = wo(a:)xn0i where the initial vortex region Q0 is a Cl+a domain and loq 6 Ca (flo) ■ It is shown that the Cauchy problem can be formulated as an integral system. Global existence and uniqueness of the Cl+a solution to the integral system are established. Consequently, the lake equation admits a unique weak solution, global in time, in the form of uj (x, t) = u>t (x) \nt, where Ut (x) e C" (fit) and d£lt G Ca.
Pertussis vaccine-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

BackgroundA small dose of the Bordetella pertussis vaccine is used as an adjuvant for the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. The effects of two doses of the Pertussis vaccine on clinical signs, antibody titers, and the expression of CD4 and MHC molecules in brain tissue sections of mice with EAE were examined.MethodologyEAE was induced by spinal cord homogenate in Complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) in 30 of 40 C57BL/6 mice divided in groups: EAE mice with a small adjuvant dose of the Pertussis vaccine (EAE-1), EAE mice with a human dose of the Pertussis vaccine (EAE-2), EAE mice (EAE-3). ResultsNone of the mice from the EAE groups progressed to severe EAE. Five mice from the EAE-2 group were found dead on the 13th day post-immunization. A significant increase of anti-MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) antibodies was detected in mice with EAE compared to non-treated mice. Myelin loss and brain tissue lesions were observed in EAE-1 and EAE-2 mice compared to EAE-3 and non-treated mice. A high expression of MHC-II and a mild expression of MHC-I was detected in the brains of mice with EAE. No expressions were detected in intact brains. Scattered CD4-positive cells were detected in the brains of EAE-1 and EAE-2 mice compared to EAE-3 and non-treated mice.ConclusionA small dose of the Bordetella pertussis vaccine could maintain the developed clinical signs and histological changes in mice with EAE, while higher doses led to additional adverse effects. The expression of CD4 and MHC class I and II molecules, as well as an increase in anti-MOG antibodies could be used as markers capable of monitoring the development and progression of EAE.
A Structured Text ADT for Object-Relational Databases

There is a growing need to develop tools that are able to retrieve relevant textual information rapidly, to present textual information in a meaningful way, and to integrate textual information with related data retrieved from other sources. These tools are critical to support applications within corporate intranets and across the rapidly evolving World Wide Web. This paper introduces a framework for modelling structured text and presents a small set of operations that may be applied against such models. Using these operations structured text may be selected, marked, fragmented, and transformed into relations for use in relational and object-oriented database systems. The extended functionality has been accepted for inclusion within the SQL/MM standard, and a prototype database engine has been implemented to support SQL with the proposed extensions. This prototype serves as a proof of concept intended to address industrial concerns, and it demonstrates the power of the proposed abstract data type for structured text. 1. The challenge Database technology is essential to the operation of conventional business enterprises, and it is becoming increasingly important in the development of distributed information systems. However, most database systems, and in particular relational database systems, provide few facilities for effectively managing the vast body of electronic information embedded within text. Many customers require that large texts be searched both vertically, with respect to their internal structure, and horizontally, with respect to their textual content [Wei85]. Texts often need to be fragmented at appropriate structural boundaries. Sometimes selected text needs to be extracted as separate units, but often the appropriate context surrounding selected text must be recovered, and thus the selected text needs to be marked in some manner, so that it can be subsequently located within a potentially much larger context.
Orientation selection for printing 3D models

With the rapid maturing of 3D printing technologies, research on optimizing models to be printed in geometrical perspective has been considered; for example, model hollowing, partitioning. Much of these works however do not deal with the basic property that has to be determined in every 3D printing moment: model orientations. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to find reasonable orientations for fabricating arbitrary shaped 3D models with conventional layer-by-layer 3D printers. We observe that model orientations can affect some major factors representing the quality of 3D printing. We formulate a number of desirable criteria for the orientation, including material use, resolution error, and support remainder visibility. By optimizing these criteria, our proposed method automatically generates candidate orientations that produce cost-effective and visually pleasing printing results.
Cysteine-Generated Sulfide in the Cytosol Negatively Regulates Autophagy and Modulates the Transcriptional Profile in Arabidopsis[W]

This article highlights the role of hydrogen sulfide as a relevant signaling molecule in plants, of comparable importance as described in animals. This study shows the regulatory role of sulfide generated by the cytosolic l-Cys desulfhydrase 1 enzyme on autophagy in eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, DES1 is the only identified l-Cysteine desulfhydrase located in the cytosol, and it is involved in the degradation of cysteine and the concomitant production of H2S in this cell compartment. Detailed characterization of the T-DNA insertion mutants des1-1 and des1-2 has provided insight into the role of sulfide metabolically generated in the cytosol as a signaling molecule. Mutations of L-CYS DESULFHYDRASE 1 (DES1) impede H2S generation in the Arabidopsis cytosol and strongly affect plant metabolism. Senescence-associated vacuoles are detected in mesophyll protoplasts of des1 mutants. Additionally, DES1 deficiency promotes the accumulation and lipidation of the ATG8 protein, which is associated with the process of autophagy. The transcriptional profile of the des1-1 mutant corresponds to its premature senescence and autophagy-induction phenotypes, and restoring H2S generation has been shown to eliminate the phenotypic defects of des1 mutants. Moreover, sulfide is able to reverse ATG8 accumulation and lipidation, even in wild-type plants when autophagy is induced by carbon starvation, suggesting a general effect of sulfide on autophagy regulation that is unrelated to sulfur or nitrogen limitation stress. Our results suggest that cysteine-generated sulfide in the cytosol negatively regulates autophagy and modulates the transcriptional profile of Arabidopsis.
Cryptanalysis for embedded systems based on electromagnetism emission

Aimed at the DES cryptographic system realized by the P89C668 microcomputer, a experiment is processed by applying a differential electromagnetic analysis method, thereby obtaining 48-bit sub-key of the 16th round of DES. In this essay, the relationship between data in CMOS gate circuits and electromagnetism emission is analyzed, with an EM information leakage model of a register established, and the attack effects of the Hamming weight model and Hamming distance model compared. Based on the test result, EM information leakage exists in CMOS integrated circuit during work, and different instructions have different leakage signatures under two leakage models, thus providing a basis for implementing relevant protective measures for the cryptographic systems.
Promiscuous Presentation and Recognition of Nucleosomal Autoepitopes in Lupus: Role of Autoimmune T Cell Receptor α Chain

T cells specific for nucleosomal autoepitopes are selectively expanded in lupus mice and these Th cells drive autoimmune B cells to produce pathogenic antinuclear antibodies. We transfected the TCR-α and -β chain genes of a representative, pathogenic autoantibody-inducing Th clone specific for the nucleosomal core histone peptide H471–94 into TCR-negative recipient cells. Although the autoimmune TCRs were originally derived from SNF1 (I-Ad/q) mice, the transfectants could recognize the nucleosomal autoepitope presented by APC-bearing I-A molecules of all haplotypes tested, as well as human DR molecules. Competition assays indicated that the autoepitopes bound to the MHC class II groove. Most remarkably, MHC-unrestricted recognition of the nucleosomal peptide epitope was conferred by the lupus TCR-α chain even when it paired with a TCR-β chain of irrelevant specificity. Several other disease-relevant Th clones and splenic T cells of lupus mice had similar properties. The TCR-α chains of these murine lupus Th clones shared related motifs and charged residues in their CDRs, and similar motifs were apparent even in TCR-α chains of human lupus Th clones. The lupus TCR-α chains probably contact the nucleosomal peptide complexed with MHC with relatively high affinity/avidity to sustain TCR signaling, because CD4 coreceptor was not required for promiscuous recognition. Indeed, pathogenic autoantibody-inducing, CD4-negative, TCR-αβ+ Th cells are expanded in systemic lupus erythematosus. These results have implications regarding thymic selection and peripheral expansion of nucleosome-specific T cells in lupus. They also suggest that universally tolerogenic epitopes could be designed for therapy of lupus patients with diverse HLA alleles. We propose to designate nucleosomes and other antigens bearing universal epitopes “Pantigens” (for promiscuous antigens).
Transparent Method Offloading for Slim Execution

Mobile users frequently want mobile devices as powerful as desk top PCs, but still in a small and light form factor. The level of users' demand is yet too high to satisfy with current technology. Available resources such as CPU, memory, and battery power are still insufficient for current mobile devices. One way to overcome these limitations is to offload heavy methods to nearby powerful servers. In this paper, we propose a transparent code transformation to achieve method offloading within the domain of Java. Our Java bytecode transformer called Distributed Execution Transformer (DiET) takes the original bodies of heavy methods out and implants remote procedure calls to surrogate servers. Mobile devices download the modified Java bytecode and cooperatively execute the application with surrogate servers. Experimenting with SciMark 2.0, we could improve the performance by 43% and reduce the code size on mobile devices by 18% on average. Through our early implementation and experiments, we believe our transparent method off loading will relieve mobile devices of resource limitations.