Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three steps of Neuron Network classification for EMG-based Thai tones speech recognition

In order to overcome the problem existing in original speech recognition (e.g. noise interruption and private data loss), many researchers have investigated to deal with these problems. Electromyography (EMG) from the muscles producing speech was used to replace a voiced signal. Similarly, we aim to develop EMG speech recognition based on Thai language. Tone is the important characteristic of this language. Hence, Thai tone classification is the first work that was explored. This paper proposes the new technique that can classify five Thai tones for EMG-based Thai speech recognition. This method can overcome the limitation of our previous work that we can classify only two tones. EMG was captured from six positions of the strap muscles and facial muscles while a volunteer was uttering 21 Thai isolated words and five tones of each word (total 105 words). The 68 EMG features were calculated, and RES index was used to evaluate clustering capability of each feature. Top five features that have high value of RES index were selected. Neuron Network (NN) was used for tone classification. We found that Modify Mean Absolute Value 2nd type (MMAV2) is the best features. It yielded an accuracy rate of 56.2% for five Thai tones classification. However, it is not enough for our work. In order to improve the accuracy rate, the three steps of NN Classification was proposed. This technique is the series of three networks of NN classifier. Each network will classify different tones, and use distinct features. We obtained an accuracy rate of 80% for five Thai tones classification from this technique.
A Fine-Grained Fault Detection Technique Based on the Virtual Machine Monitor

More and more applications are providing services in many important aspects of our society, any faults of these applications may lead to enormous losses. Timely detection of faults could reduce the accidental loss and make contributions to fast recovery of systems. There exist many kinds of fault detection techniques, some of them focus on the discovery of fault events but ignore the details of faults, and the others pay attention to find the exact fault in order to recover it. The former can be implemented easily but helpless to accurate fault analysis, while the accurate fault detections need deep analysis of the application in some way like white-box testing, which takes a lot of work and can hardly transplant to other applications. Besides, the source codes of the application must be available, which is not always realistic in production. In the field of cloud computing, lots of applications are running in virtual machines, and virtualization technology provides good conditions to monitor the applications. Therefore, we can collect the external characteristics of applications via virtualization technology and analyze the model between external characteristics and application faults instead of analyzing the internal logic of application directly. In this paper, we attempt to take the advantages of virtualization technology to monitor the system calls of the target application, and we don't take insight into the target application at all. Afterwards, we establish fault detection strategy by analyzing the monitoring data and certain faults. This approach is much easier to implement and deploy than the traditional ways, and the fault coverage depends on the size of target fault set. We implement our fine-grained fault detection system based on KVM, and we conduct a series of experiments to verify the effectiveness of it. The experiments results show our detection system achieve rapid and accurate fault detection of target faults.
Age- and Gender-Related Changes in Contractile Properties of Non-Atrophied EDL Muscle

Background In humans, ageing causes skeletal muscles to become atrophied, weak, and easily fatigued. In rodent studies, ageing has been associated with significant muscle atrophy and changes in the contractile properties of the muscles. However, it is not entirely clear whether these changes in contractile properties can occur before there is significant atrophy, and whether males and females are affected differently. Methods and Results We investigated various contractile properties of whole isolated fast-twitch EDL muscles from adult (2–6 months-old) and aged (12–22 months-old) male and female mice. Atrophy was not present in the aged mice. Compared with adult mice, EDL muscles of aged mice had significantly lower specific force, longer tetanus relaxation times, and lower fatiguability. In the properties of absolute force and muscle relaxation times, females were affected by ageing to a greater extent than males. Additionally, EDL muscles from a separate group of male mice were subjected to eccentric contractions of 15% strain, and larger force deficits were found in aged than in adult mice. Conclusion Our findings provide further insight into the muscle atrophy, weakness and fatiguability experienced by the elderly. We have shown that even in the absence of muscle atrophy, there are definite alterations in the physiological properties of whole fast-twitch muscle from ageing mice, and for some of these properties the alterations are more pronounced in female mice than in male mice.
General Dynamics of Pulsed Digital Oscillators

The objective of this work is to analyze pulsed digital oscillators (PDOs), as dynamical systems. It is proved that under some conditions, the bitstream at the output of the oscillator is that of the sign of a sampled sinusoid at the resonant frequency of the resonator, and that a bijection exists between these sequences (without distinguishing between a sequence and its negated version) and those of first-order sigma-delta modulators. This provides a new and simple method of obtaining the oscillation frequency of PDOs just from their bitstream.
Feminism(s) and PE: 25 years of Shaping Up to Womanhood

ABSTRACT This article explores how our understandings of gender and Physical Education (PE) have developed since the publication of Shaping Up to Womanhood in 1992. I reflect back on my research which, using qualitative methodology and a socialist feminist lens, explored dominant gender relations in the teaching of girls’ PE in English secondary schools. The analysis of my data revealed how PE teachers had clear ideas about ‘appropriate’ activities and behaviours based on notions of acceptable femininity relating to physical ability and capacity; female sexuality and expectations of motherhood and domesticity. I consider how my conclusions have been taken forward in international feminist PE research over the past 25 years as theory has shifted from structural to poststructural analyses. I conclude that we now have far more micro analyses of teachers’ and students’ subjectivities, identities and differences and more complex understandings of power. I argue we need to re-align subjectivities with the social, political and economic landscape of education. The paper considers the cultural backlash against feminism underpinned by postfeminist, neoliberal discourse that emphasises individual self-determination evidenced by the ‘can do’ girl. This is set in contrast to recent evidence that concludes that gender expectations are still very evident in PE for girls in schools. Finally, I consider the 4th wave of feminism that through digital platforms is re-asserting feminist activism and developing a ‘call out’ culture of sexism and inequalities. For a more equitable PE we need to bridge the gap between theoretical sophistication and school experience. There are both continuities and changes in relation to gender and PE but the need for critical feminist work in PE is as important today as it was as I concluded my research 25 years ago.
On the complexity of fragments of second-order logic

Existential second order logic (ESO) is an extension of first-order logic (FO) that allows the existential quantification of relation and function symbols. The seminal result due to Fagin states that the properties expressible in ESO coincide with the decision problems in the complexity class NP. On the other hand, the monadic fragment of ESO is considerably weaker as it corresponds to the class of regular languages. In this work, we examine the computational complexity of fragments of ESO which restrict the arity of the second-order quantifications and the number of universal first-order quantifications in the formulas. In particular, we focus on the fragment allowing only existential quantification of unary relation and function symbols together with a single first-order universal quantification. We prove a result due to Grandjean stating that the properties definable in this logic correspond to structures recognizable with nondeterministic random-access machines whose running time is linearly bounded as a function of the cardinality of the input structure. In some structures, such as graphs, this means that properties expressible in this logic are computable in sub-linear time in the size of the input. As an application, we classify various graph properties expressible in this logic, such as connectivity, the existence of Hamiltonian circuits and small dominating sets. To complement this, some non-expressibility results are also given. For example, expressing whether the graph is a tree or has small vertex covers is not possible in this logic implying lower bounds for the time complexity of these problems.
Update on the management of symptoms in schizophrenia: focus on amisulpride

Amisulpride is an atypical antipsychotic drug with a unique receptor pharmacology which is dose dependent. It is a standard treatment in dysthymia as well as in psychosis. Amisulpride is efficacious, effective and well tolerated in positive symptoms of schizophrenia: there is extensive evidence that it treats negative symptoms when given in low doses, although relative lack of EPS and an antidepressant effect may contribute. In first-episode patients amisulpride is an option, although there is little comparative work available. Amisulpride has the best evidence as an effective adjunct to clozapine treatment. Regarding intellectual function, amisulpride appears cognitive sparing but the clinical relevance of this remains obscure. There is evidence that amisulpride can improve social function but again there is little comparative work to demonstrate any particular advantages. Regarding the current conventional versus atypical antipsychotic controversy, amisulpride did better in switching studies and meta-analyses than in the single large pragmatic randomized trial reported to date. It is a versatile drug, and may offer advantages over other atypical antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of negative and depressive symptoms, and tolerability advantages such as the avoidance of weight gain. Essentially it rests with the treating clinician to employ a rational psychopharmacological approach towards the individual patient: there will be few circumstances in which amisulpride will not be a likely contender as a treatment choice.
The same, only different: what can responses to music in autism tell us about the nature of musical emotions?

We propose addressing the theme of this special issue by examining the affective responses that music evokes in the individual. The logical first step is to enquire how far these responses resemble naturalistic emotions, i.e., those that are not specifically musical, but have ordinary non-musical content. The literature is ambivalent on this. Many authors suggest that whilst certain emotions are exclusive to music (Scherer and Zentner, 2008), there is considerable overlap between “musical” and “naturalistic” emotions (Zentner et al., 2008); others deny that musically induced emotions are naturalistic (Konecni, 2005, 2008), a view elaborated by the nineteenth century critic Eduard Hanslick (Hanslick, 1986; see also Kivy, 2001, 2009; Zangwill, 2004, 2007, 2011).
Long term performance evaluation of Wide Area Multilateraion

In this paper, we present insights into the test and evaluation of Wide Area Multilateration (WAM) for height monitoring and surveillance. Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) can use the methods and results we present to make better decisions when planning, operating and evaluating WAM systems. In addition, the measurement and detection methods we describe here can be applied to a variety of networked surveillance systems.
AN UNEQUAL POWER ALLOCATION DESIGNED FOR MIMO SYSTEMS USING CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS

This paper presents an Unequal Power Allocation (UPA) strategy for the transmission of a JPEG 2000 Wireless (JPWL) image. To ensure the Quality of Service (QoS), we exploit the channel diversity with a Closed-Loop MIMO scheme. It relies on the Channel State Information (CSI) knowledge at the transmitter side that diagonalizes a MIMO channel into several hierarchical SISO subchannels. In the proposed scheme, the JPWL codestream is divided into hierarchical quality layers passing through the SISO subchannels. According to this strategy, we propose a new content-based precoding algorithm to maximize the visual quality in reception. This algorithm is compared with four other precoders of the literature such as Water Filing (WF), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Minimum Bit Error Rate (MBER) and Equal-dmin (E-dmin). Indeed, we show that power allocation of these precoders is not suitable to ensure QoS of a hierarchical content. We compare precoders' performances on a statistical channel and a realistic time-varying MIMO channel provided by a 3D-ray tracer propagation model. Results show that our proposed approach improves the visual quality. We also present a study highlighting the good robustness of the algorithm to channel estimation errors.
Cut from the Same Cloth? Lone Actor Terrorists versus Common Homicide Offenders

The term “lone actor” has been applied to a variety of violent individuals, including jihadists, right-wing extremists, school shooters, and others whose crimes were ideologically motivated and generated much societal impact. It may be argued, however, that such a classification of this rare subset of violent offenders is an artificial one, based on political perspectives rather than on empirical findings. In this study, we examine and compare characteristics of European single perpetrators or lone actor terrorists to a large sample of European ‘common’ homicide offenders. Bivariate analysis shows that lone actors are significantly younger, more single, and more educated than homicide offenders. In terms of event characteristics, however, the two groups differ more substantially. Lone actors are more likely to attack ‘strangers’ in public places and to use firearms, while homicide offenders tend to attack victims they know in private settings and to use more hands-on methods. These differences may be understood through the notion of instrumental versus expressive motivations. Our findings question the classification of lone actors as an entity fundamentally different from our sample of single homicide offenders and call for future in-depth assessments of possible differences in homicidal drive.
Cooperative-Stream Control Transmission Protocol (C-SCTP)

More and more smart phones are equipped with the 3.5G and the Wi-Fi interfaces concurrently. Smart phones are able to share their 3.5G bandwidth for the other devices via the Wi-Fi connection. However, current technologies only allow one device to utilize the bandwidth provided from one Smart phone. In this paper, we propose Cooperative Stream Control Transmission Protocol (C-SCTP). C-SCTP enables one device to obtain the aggregated 3.5G bandwidth from multiple smart phones. C-SCTP adds the concept of transceiver to redirect packets. The simulation result shows that C-SCTP with four transceivers can have almost three times throughput than C-SCTP with one transceiver.
Why Do Universities Make Discontinuous Changes to Their Web Sites? Examining the Relative Importance of Four Reasons for Change

An examination of prior Web pages shows that the typical university will sometimes make a discontinuous change to its Web site (i.e., a sudden, major shift in a Web site between two points in time). This study empirically examines reasons for such discontinuous changes, surveying university Webmasters at a variety of institutions where discontinuous Web site changes had occurred. Universities varied by type (public, private), by level (Bachelors, Masters, PhD), and by nation (Canada, USA). Four reasons for discontinuous Web site change, identified in an earlier study of discontinuous Web site change in state governments, were compared: rational, marketing, political, and institutional. According to the university Webmasters surveyed, rational reasons for change were most important, followed by marketing, institutional, and political reasons, in that order. The ordering of reasons reflects statistically significant differences among types of reasons. Results did not vary by type, level, or nation.
Optimality Conditions in Smooth Nonlinear Programming

This survey is concerned with necessary and sufficient opti-mality conditions for smooth nonlinear programming problems with inequality and equality constraints. These conditions deal with strict local minimizers of order one and two and with isolated minimizers. In most results, no constraint qualification is required. The optimality conditions are formulated in such a way that the gaps between the necessary and sufficient conditions are small and even vanish completely under mild constraint qualifications.
Conformational Changes in Integrin Mac-1 Outside-In Signal Transmission by

Intracellular signals associated with or triggered by integrin ligation can control cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Despite accumulating evidence that conformational changes regulate integrin afﬁnity to its ligands, how integrin structure regulates signal transmission from the outside to the inside of the cell remains elusive. Using ﬂuorescence resonance energy transfer, we addressed whether conformational changes in integrin Mac-1 are sufﬁcient to transmit outside-in signals in human neutrophils. Mac-1 conformational activation induced by ligand occupancy or activating Ab binding, but not integrin clustering, triggered similar patterns of intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation, including Akt phosphorylation, and inhibited spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis, indicating that global conformational changes are critical for Mac-1-dependent out-side-in signal transduction. In neutrophils and myeloid K562 cells, ligand ICAM-1 or activating Ab binding promoted switchblade-like extension of the Mac-1 extracellular domain and separation of the (cid:1) M and (cid:2) 2 subunit cytoplasmic tails, two structural hallmarks of integrin activation. These data suggest the primacy of global conformational changes in the generation of Mac-1 outside-in signals. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 183: 6460–6468.
Sections are Types , Linking is Policy : Using the Loader Format for Expressing Programmer Intent

Attackers get software to perform unintended computation (exploits) by feeding code with data it was not intended to consume. Since security policies contain explicit specifications of intended code operation, policy enforcement mechanisms can curb exploits when exploit-induced computation runs afoul of a policy specification. However, current policy approaches leave many exposures: for example, neither filesystem-level permissions and labels nor processlevel isolation protect userspace code from exposure to corrupted network inputs and from further corrupting userspace data. All these unintended interactions take place in the single address space of a process where such policies don’t reach. In this paper, we present a new approach to policy specification and enforcement within an application’s address space. Our approach, called ELFbac, leverages the ELF ABI metadata already produced by the standard GNU build chain and is designed to work with existing ELF executables and to maintain full compatibility with the existing ABI. It can also be extended to other modern compiler toolchains and ABIs that support passing linking information to the OS loaders. We show that linking data in binary components of a typical binary project contains an unmined wealth of information about developer intent. This information can be captured and made into enforceable policy with just a little help from the programmer, no changes to the C/C++ build chain or development process, and no cognitive overhead. It can also be retrofitted to old code and existing libraries—and achieve significant isolation between components not intended to interact. Moreover, the linking data structures in the ELF ABI format and similar formats turn out to be a rich channel for expressing and communicating policy to the OS loader, which can use it to set up the process address space to enforce it. We implemented prototype ELFbac mechanisms for Linux on both x86 and ARM, and used them in several systemhardening projects. This paper extends and updates Dartmouth Computer Science Technical Report TR2013-727.1 1https://www.cs. dartmouth.edu/reports/abstracts/TR2013-727/
Glutamine Attenuates Acute Lung Injury Caused by Acid Aspiration

Inadequate ventilator settings may cause overwhelming inflammatory responses associated with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we examined potential benefits of glutamine (GLN) on a two-hit model for VILI after acid aspiration-induced lung injury in rats. Rats were intratracheally challenged with hydrochloric acid as a first hit to induce lung inflammation, then randomly received intravenous GLN or lactated Ringer’s solution (vehicle control) thirty min before different ventilator strategies. Rats were then randomized to receive mechanical ventilation as a second hit with a high tidal volume (TV) of 15 mL/kg and zero positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or a low TV of 6 mL/kg with PEEP of 5 cm H2O. We evaluated lung oxygenation, inflammation, mechanics, and histology. After ventilator use for 4 h, high TV resulted in greater lung injury physiologic and biologic indices. Compared with vehicle treated rats, GLN administration attenuated lung injury, with improved oxygenation and static compliance, and decreased respiratory elastance, lung edema, extended lung destruction (lung injury scores and lung histology), neutrophil recruitment in the lung, and cytokine production. Thus, GLN administration improved the physiologic and biologic profiles of this experimental model of VILI based on the two-hit theory.
Dynamic Conditional Correlation Models: Block Structures and Markov Switches for Contagion Analysis

Riassunto. A partire dal contributo di Engle (2002), il lavoro introduce ed analizza diverse parametrizzazioni a correlazioni dinamiche (DCC). Dopo un'introduzione generale, che riorganizza gli attuali contributi, sono presentate due possibili estensioni: l'introduzione di una struttura a blocchi nei parametri del modello e l'inclusione di cambi di regime nella correlazione non condizionale del modello. I vari modelli analizzati sono quindi utilizzati per l'analisi del contagio tra mercati azionari. Gli attuali contributi in tema di contagio sono concentrati su metodi non-parametrici: il nostro obiettivo è di derivare validi approcci parametrici per l'analisi dello stesso. Diversi modelli DCC sono quindi utilizzati per valutare la costanza delle correlazioni e della dinamica delle stesse tra indici azionari, di mercati occidentali e del sud est asiatico.