Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coexisting Linear and Widely Linear Transceivers in the MIMO Interference Channel

Recent results have shown the benefits of widely linear precoding (WLP) in the MIMO interference channel (MIMO IC) assuming that all transmitters can follow the same strategy. Motivated by a transitional scenario where legacy linear transmitters coexist with widely linear ones, this work investigates the general K-user MIMO IC in a heterogeneous (linear and widely linear) transmitter deployment. In particular, we address the maximization of the weighted sum-rate (WSR) for (widely) linear transmit filters design through the use of the complex-valued formulation. Since the maximum WSR problem is non-convex, and thus difficult to be solved, we formulate an equivalent minimum weighted mean square error problem that allows deriving closed-form expressions for (widely) linear transceivers. Then an iterative procedure is proposed, which is proven to reach a stationary point of the maximum WSR problem. Simulations show that the proposed procedure allows increasing the sum-rate as compared to coordinated linear transceiver schemes. The gains are larger and significant in two different nonexclusive conditions: as the interference level increases or when the number of antennas is low.
Modulation of the epithelial calcium channel, ECaC, by intracellular Ca2+.

We have studied the modulation by intracellular Ca2+ of the epithelial Ca2+ channel, ECaC, heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells. Whole-cell and inside-out patch clamp current recordings were combined with FuraII-Ca2+ measurements:1. Currents through ECaC were dramatically inhibited if Ca2+ was the charge carrier. This inhibition was dependent on the extracellular Ca2+ concentration and occurred also in cells buffered intracellularly with 10 mM BAPTA.2. Application of 30 mM [Ca(2)]e induced in non-Ca2+] buffered HEK 293 cells at -80 m V an increase in intracellular Ca2+([Ca2]i) with a maximum rate of rise of 241 +/-15nM/s (n= 18 cells) and a peak value of 891 +/- 106 nM. The peak of the concomitant current with a density of 12.3 +/- 2.6 pA/pF was closely correlated with the peak of the first-time derivative of the Ca2+ transient, as expected if the Ca2+ transient is due to influx of Ca2+. Consequently, no Ca2+] signal was observed in cells transfected with the Ca2+ impermeable ECaC mutant, D542A, in which an aspartate in the pore region was neutralized.3. Increasing [Ca2+]i by dialyzing the cell with pipette solutions containing various Ca2+] concentrations, all buffered with 10 mM BAPTA, inhibited currents through ECaC carried by either Na+ or Ca2+] ions. Half maximal inhibition of Ca(2+)currents in the absence of monovalent cations occurred at 67 nM (n between 6 and 8), whereas Na+ currents in the absence of Ca2+] and Mg2+ were inhibited with an IC50 of 89 nM (n between 6 and 10). Currents through ECaC in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ and Na+, which are mainly carried by Ca2+, are inhibited by [Ca2]i with an IC50of 82 nM (n between 6 and 8). Monovalent cation currents through the Ca2+impermeable D542A ECaC mutant were also inhibited by an elevation of [Ca2]i (IC50 = 123 nM, n between 7 and 18). 4. The sensitivity of ECaC currents in inside-out patches for [Ca2]i was slightly shifted to higher concentrations as compared with whole cell measurements. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at 169 nM if Na+ was the charge carrier (n between 4 and 11) and 228 nM at 1 mM [Ca2]e (n between 4 and 8). 5. Recovery from inhibition upon washout of extracellular Ca2+ (whole-cell configuration) or removal of Ca2+ from the inner side of the channel (inside-out patches) was slow in both conditions. Half-maximal recovery was reached after 96 +/- 34 s (n= 15) in whole-cell mode and after 135 +/- 23 s (n = 17) in inside-out patches.6. We conclude that influx of Ca2+ through ECaC and [Ca2]i induce feedback inhibition of ECaC currents, which is controlled by the concentration of Ca2+ in a micro domain near the inner mouth of the channel. Slow recovery seems to depend on dissociation of Ca( 2+ from an internal Ca2+ binding site at ECaC.
Reversion and T Cell Escape Mutations Compensate the Fitness Loss of a CD8+ T Cell Escape Mutant in Their Cognate Transmitted/Founder Virus

Immune escape mutations that revert back to the consensus sequence frequently occur in newly HIV-1-infected individuals and have been thought to render the viruses more fit. However, their impact on viral fitness and their interaction with other immune escape mutations have not been evaluated in the background of their cognate transmitted/founder (T/F) viral genomes. To precisely determine the role of reversion mutations, we introduced reversion mutations alone or together with CD8+ T cell escape mutations in their unmodified cognate T/F viral genome and determined their impact on viral fitness in primary CD4+ T cells. Two reversion mutations, V247I and I64T, were identified in Gag and Tat, respectively, but neither had measurable effect on the fitness of their cognate T/F virus. The V247I and G248A mutations that were detected before and concurrently with the potent T cell escape mutation T242N, respectively, were selected by early T cell responses. The V247I or the G248A mutation alone partially restored the fitness loss caused by the T242N mutation. Together they could fully restore the fitness of the T242N mutant to the T/F level. These results demonstrate that the fitness loss caused by a T cell escape mutation could be compensated by preexisting or concurrent reversion and other T cell escape mutations. Our findings indicate that the overall viral fitness is modulated by the complex interplay among T cell escape, compensatory and reversion mutations to maintain the balance between immune escape and viral replication capacity.
Clostridium difficile, atopy and wheeze during the first year of life

Differences have been suggested to occur in the composition of intestinal microflora from allergic and non‐allergic children. In this study we used a semi‐quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of Clostridium difficile‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) (CDIgG). CDIgG was excellent in differentiating between adults with or without Cl. difficile colitis (absorbance levels, positive vs. negative controls: geometric mean (GM) 0.301, 95% CI: 0.289–0.314 vs. GM 0.167, 95% CI: 0.155–0.181; mean difference 1.8‐fold, 95% CI: 1.65–1.95; p < 0.0001). We used this technique to investigate whether there are any differences between atopic wheezy infants and non‐atopic non‐wheezy controls. In a prospective cohort study (n = 390) 10 patients were identified at 1 year of age (atopic, history of recurrent wheeze) and matched (gender, month of birth, exposure to Der p 1, Fel d 1 and Can f 1) with a control group of infants (non‐atopic, no history of wheeze). The patients had significantly higher Cl. difficile‐specific IgG absorbance levels (GM 0.298, 95% CI: 0.249–0.358) compared with controls (GM 0.235, 95% CI: 0.201–0.274; mean difference 1.27‐fold, 95% CI: 1.07–1.50; p = 0.01). These results suggest that there may be differences in the composition of intestinal microflora between allergic and non‐allergic infants at 1 year of age, with allergic children having higher Cl. difficile IgG antibody levels.
Do Lower Calorie or Lower Fat Foods Have More Sodium Than Their Regular Counterparts?

The objective of this study was to compare the sodium content of a regular food and its lower calorie/fat counterpart. Four food categories, among the top 20 contributing the most sodium to the US diet, met the criteria of having the most matches between regular foods and their lower calorie/fat counterparts. A protocol was used to search websites to create a list of “matches”, a regular and comparable lower calorie/fat food(s) under each brand. Nutrient information was recorded and analyzed for matches. In total, 283 matches were identified across four food categories: savory snacks (N = 44), cheese (N = 105), salad dressings (N = 90), and soups (N = 44). As expected, foods modified from their regular versions had significantly reduced average fat (total fat and saturated fat) and caloric profiles. Mean sodium content among modified salad dressings and cheeses was on average 8%–12% higher, while sodium content did not change with modification of savory snacks. Modified soups had significantly lower mean sodium content than their regular versions (28%–38%). Consumers trying to maintain a healthy diet should consider that sodium content may vary in foods modified to be lower in calories/fat.
Reducing Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mortality

Significant racial and ethnic disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality exist in the United States. Black women are 3 to 4 times more likely to die a pregnancy-related death as compared with white women. Growing research indicates that quality of health care, from preconception through postpartum care, may be a critical lever for improving outcomes for racial and ethnic minority women. This article reviews racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidities and mortality, underlying drivers of these disparities, and potential levers to reduce their occurrence.
Efficient heat generation in large-area graphene films by electromagnetic wave absorption

Graphene has been intensively studied due to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties. Recently, it was found that the heat generation by Joule heating of graphene is limited by the conductivity of graphene. Here we suggest an alternative method to generate heat on a large-area graphene film more efficiently by utilizing the unique electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption property of graphene. The EM wave induces an oscillating magnetic moment generated by the orbital motion of moving electrons, which efficiently absorbs the EM energy and dissipate it as a thermal energy. In this case, the mobility of electron is more important than the conductivity, because the EM-induced diamagnetic moment is directly proportional to the speed of electron in an orbital motion. To control the charge carrier mobility of graphene we functionalized substrates with self-assembled monolayers (SAM). As the result, we find that the graphene showing the Dirac voltage close to zero can be more efficiently heated by EM waves. In addition, the temperature gradient also depends on the number of graphene. We expect that the efficient and fast heating of graphene films by EM waves can be utilized for smart heating windows and defogging windshields.
Isolated combined growth hormone and gonadotrophin deficiency due to hypothalamic dysfunction, associated with insulin resistance

A 47‐year‐old woman was evaluated for congenital dwarfism, primary amenorrhoea due to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, severe hyperlipidaemla with pancreatitis, and overt diabetes mellltus associated with severe Insulin resistance requiring 2.5‐3 units of Insulin per kilogram body weight. Chromosomal analysis with trypsin banding was normal and biochemical evaluation revealed low oestrogen levels, inappropriately low gonadotropins, very low IGF‐I concentrations and GH concentrations unresponsive to Insulin or l‐dopa administration. Prolactin, pituitary‐adrenal and pituitary‐thyroid axes were normal. Dynamic testing with GnRH and GHRH produced increases in FSH, LH and GH concentrations. A MRI of the brain revealed no discernible hypothalamic abnormalities and a small pituitary. The presence of congenital combined growth hormone and gonadotrophin deficiency on the basis of a suprapltultary defect suggests the existence of common or related pathways regulating GnRH and GHRH synthesis or secretion and may have contributed to the ultimate development of Insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemla.
The Study of Randomized Visual Saliency Detection Algorithm

Image segmentation process for high quality visual saliency map is very dependent on the existing visual saliency metrics. It is mostly only get sketchy effect of saliency map, and roughly based visual saliency map will affect the image segmentation results. The paper had presented the randomized visual saliency detection algorithm. The randomized visual saliency detection method can quickly generate the same size as the original input image and detailed results of the saliency map. The randomized saliency detection method can be applied to real-time requirements for image content-based scaling saliency results map. The randomization method for fast randomized video saliency area detection, the algorithm only requires a small amount of memory space can be detected detailed oriented visual saliency map, the presented results are shown that the method of visual saliency map used in image after the segmentation process can be an ideal segmentation results.
A Clickstream-based Focused Trend Parallel Web Crawler

immense growing dimension of the World Wide Web induces many obstacles for allpurpose singleprocess crawl ers including the presence of some incorrect answers among search results and the scaling drawbacks. As a result, more enhanced heuristics are needed to provide more accurate search outcomes in an appropriate timely manner. Regarding the fact that employing link dependent Web page importance metrics within a parallel crawler yields a considerable overhead on the overall searching system, and also because such a metric is not able to cover the authorized Web content in dark net and authorized fresh pages, therefore employing these metrics is not an absolute solution within search engines' architecture. This paper proposes the application of a link independent Web page importance metric to govern the priority rule within the crawl frontier through proposing a modest weighted architecture for a focused structured parallel Web crawler (CFP crawler) in which the credit assignment to URLs in crawl frontier is done according to a clickstreamb ased prioritizing algorithm.
Biases and Implicit Knowledge ∗

A common explanation for biases in judgment and choice has been to postulate two separate processes in the brain: a “System 1” that generates judgments automatically, but using only a subset of the information available, and a “System 2” that uses the entire information set, but is only occasionally activated. This theory faces two important problems: that inconsistent judgments often persist even with high incentives, and that inconsistencies often disappear in within-subject studies. In this paper I argue that these behaviors are due to the existence of “implicit knowledge”, in the sense that our automatic judgments (System 1) incorporate information which is not directly available to our reflective system (System 2). System 2 therefore faces a signal extraction problem, and information will not always be efficiently aggregated. The model predicts that biases will exist whenever there is an interaction between the information private to System 1 and that private to System 2. Additionally it can explain other puzzling features of judgment: that judgments become consistent when they are made jointly, that biases diminish with experience, and that people are bad at predicting their own Among many others I thank for their comments Roland Benabou, Erik Eyster, Scott Hirst, David Laibson, Vanessa Manhire, Arash Nekoei, José Luis Montiel Olea, Alex Peysakhovich, Ariel Rubinstein, Benjamin Schoefer, Andrei Shleifer, Rani Spiegler, Dmitry Taubinsky, Matan Tsur, Michael Woodford, and seminar participants at Harvard, Tel Aviv, Princeton, HHS, the IIES, and Oxford. IIES, Stockholm University, tom.cunningham@iies.su. se. 1 USC FBE APPLIED ECONOMICS WORKSHOP presented by: Tom Cunningham Friday, Nov. 1, 2013 1:30 pm 3:00 pm; Room: HOH-706 future judgments. Because System 1 and System 2 have perfectly aligned preferences, welfare is well-defined in this model, and it allows for a precise treatment of eliciting preferences in the presence of framing effects.
Terahertz Technology for Defense and Security-Related Applications

(27/10/2019) Terahertz Technology for Defense and Security-Related Applications This thesis deals with chosen aspects of terahertz (THz) technology that have potential in defense and security-related applications. A novel method for simultaneous data acquisition in time-resolved THz spectroscopy experiments is developed. This technique is demonstrated by extracting the sheet conductivity of photoexcited charge carriers in semiinsulating gallium arsenide. Comparison with results obtained using a standard data acquisition scheme shows that the new method minimizes errors originating from uctuations in the laser system output and timing errors in the THz pulse detection. Furthermore, a new organic material, BNA, is proved to be a strong and broadband THz emitter which enables spectroscopy with a bandwidth twice as large as conventional spectroscopy in the eld. To access electric elds allowing exploration of THz nonlinear phenomena, eld enhancement properties of tapered parallel plate waveguides are investigated. A new method for imaging of the electric eld distribution inside a parallel plate waveguide is developed and used to measure frequency-resolved eld re ection coefficients. Field enhancement factors higher than 20 are demonstrated and record-high eld strengths of > 1:4 MV/cm are reached. A good agreement between two independent methods of eld measurement and a numerical time-domain simulation is shown. Finally, and extensive study of THz radar cross sections (RCS) of scale models of airplanes is carried out. Angleand frequency-resolved RCS of aircraft ghters F16 and F-35 are measured. The scaling law allows for translating THz RCS results to the microwave regime. 2D cross section images of the airplanes are reconstructed. Range resolution of 0.27 mm and cross range resolution of 0.19 mm is reached. Properties of exible absorbing metamaterials for the THz stealth technology are investigated and signicant reduction of the RCS is shown.
Augmented Image Retrieval using Multi-order Object Layout with Attributes

In image retrieval, users' search intention is usually specified by textual queries, exemplar images, concept maps, and even sketches, which can only express the search intention partially. These query strategies lack the abilities to indicate the Regions Of Interests (ROIs) and represent the spatial or semantic correlations among the ROIs, which results in the so-called semantic gap between users' search intention and images' low-level visual content. In this paper, we propose a novel image search method, which allows the users to indicate any number of Regions Of Interest (ROIs) within the query as well as utilize various semantic concepts and spatial relations to search images. Specifically, we firstly propose a structured descriptor to jointly represent the categories, attributes, and spatial relations among objects. Then, based on the defined descriptor, our method ranks the images in the database according to the matching scores w.r. t. the category, attribute, and spatial relations. We conduct the experiments on the aPascal and aYahoo datasets, and experimental results show the advantage of the proposed method compared to the state of the arts.
Data Analysis of Medical Images: CT, MRI, Phase Contrast X-ray and PET

Development of safe and efficient radiotherapy routines requires quantification of the delivered absorbed dose to the cancer tissue in individual patients. In vivo dosimetry can provide accurate information about the absorbed dose delivered during treatment. In the current study, a novel silver-nanogel formulation based on poly(vinylpyrrolidinone)-coated silver nanoparticles formulated in a gelation matrix composed of sucrose acetate isobutyrate has been developed for use as an in vivo dosimeter for external beam radiotherapy. In situ photonuclear reactions trigger the formation of radioactive Ag, which enables post treatment verification of delivered dose using positron emission tomography imaging. The silver-nanogel was investigated in a tissue equivalent thorax phantom using clinical settings and workflow for both standard fractionated radiotherapy (2 Gy) and stereotactic radiotherapy (10and 22 Gy). The developed silver-nanogel provided high radiopacity on the planning CT-scans sufficient for marker position use in modern radiotherapy and provided dosimetric information about the absorbed dose with a 10% and 8% standard deviation for the stereotactic regimens, 10 and 22 Gy, respectively.
Reduced L-type Ca2+ current and compromised excitability induce loss of skeletal muscle function during acute cooling in locust

ABSTRACT Low temperature causes most insects to enter a state of neuromuscular paralysis, termed chill coma. The susceptibility of insect species to chill coma is tightly correlated to their distribution limits and for this reason it is important to understand the cellular processes that underlie chill coma. It is known that muscle function is markedly depressed at low temperature and this suggests that chill coma is partly caused by impairment in the muscle per se. To find the cellular mechanism(s) underlying muscle dysfunction at low temperature, we examined the effect of low temperature (5°C) on several events in excitation–contraction coupling in the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria). Intracellular membrane potential recordings during single nerve stimulations showed that 70% of fibers at 20°C produced an action potential (AP), while only 55% of fibers were able to fire an AP at 5°C. Reduced excitability at low temperature was caused by an ∼80% drop in L-type Ca2+ current and a depolarizing shift in its activation of around 20 mV, which means that a larger endplate potential would be needed to activate the muscle AP at low temperature. In accordance, we showed that intracellular Ca2+ transients were largely absent at low temperature following nerve stimulation. In contrast, maximum contractile force was unaffected by low temperature in chemically skinned muscle bundles, which demonstrates that the function of the contractile filaments is preserved at low temperature. These findings demonstrate that reduced L-type Ca2+ current is likely to be the most important factor contributing to loss of muscle function at low temperature in locust. Summary: Cooling-induced dysfunction of locust skeletal muscle reflects compromised muscle excitability that arises from reduced L-type Ca2+current.
A Framework for Addressing the Global Obesity Epidemic Locally: The Child Health Ecological Surveillance System (CHESS)

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in the developed world. Recent research and commentary suggest that an ecological approach is required to address childhood obesity, given the multidimensional nature of the problem. We propose a Canadian prototype, the Child Health Ecological Surveillance System, for a regional health authority to address the growing obesity epidemic. This prototype could potentially be used in other jurisdictions to address other child health issues. We present 8 guiding principles for the development and implementation of a regional framework for action.