Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Possible Evolutionary Connection between Active Galactic Nuclei and Starbursts in LINERs

Our analysis of the two magnitude-limited samples of LINERs suggests a correlation between LFIR/LB, or f(25 μm)/f(60 μm), and Hubble-type index at greater than 99.99% significance level. As LFIR/LB and f(25 μm)/f(60 μm) are considered to be indicators of star formation activity and active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity, respectively, our results suggest that LINERs with higher AGN activity may have a lower star formation contribution. The ones with highest AGN activity and lowest star formation contributions are elliptical galaxies. All well-studied type 1 LINERs belong to this group. On the other hand, LINERs with higher star formation activity present lower AGN contributions. We find all well-studied type 2 LINERs in this parameter space. Most LINERs having inner ring structures belong to this group. Statistics with other indicators of star formation or AGN activity (a nuclear mass-to-light ratio at the H band and the ratio of X-ray to UV power) provide further evidence for such a trend. We have seen that along with the evolution of galaxies from late-type spiral galaxies to early-type ones and up to elliptical galaxies, the intensity of AGN activity increases with decreasing star formation contributions. The above analyses may suggest a possible connection between the host galaxies and nuclear activities, and it might also indicate a possible evolutionary connection between AGNs and starbursts in LINERs.
Arbitrage Free Approximations to Candidate Volatility Surface Quotations

It is argued that the growth in the breadth of option strikes traded after the financial crisis of 2008 poses difficulties for the use of Fourier inversion methodologies in volatility surface calibration. Continuous time Markov chain approximations are proposed as an alternative. They are shown to be adequate, competitive, and stable though slow for the moment. Further research can be devoted to speed enhancements. The Markov chain approximation is general and not constrained to processes with independent increments. Calibrations are illustrated for data on 2695 options across 28 maturities for S P Y as at 8 February 2018.
Microarchitecture Level Interconnect Modeling Considering Layout Optimization

— In this paper, we study microarchitecture-level interconnect modeling for power and performance. Considering structural interconnects, layer assignment, and concurrent repeater and Flip-Flop (FF) insertion, we develop cycle-accurate microarchitecture-level power and throughput simulation and obtain an accurate modeling of interconnects at the early design stage. Experiment show that the simulation reduces over-estimation by up to 2.24X compared to the conventional power estimation based on purely stochastic interconnects and fixed switching factor. Furthermore, we optimize throughput with consideration of FF insertion for interconnects and floorplanning optimization. We show that throughput is not always higher for an increased clock frequency, and there exists an optimal clock frequency to maximize throughput for a given microarchitecture and given floorplan. In addition, floorplan optimized for IPC (instructions per cycle)-critical interconnects has little on the total interconnect length but improves throughput by 23.49%. As FF insertion becomes necessary to achieve the clock frequency specified by ITRS, we conclude that the traditional design flow optimizing IPC and clock frequency separately is no longer valid, and coupled microarchitecture and layout optimization may improve both power efficiency and throughput.
Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: recycling of allantoin into the rumen via saliva and its fate in the gut

The saliva of sheep was shown to contain significant concentrations of uric acid (16 (sd) 4.5) μmol/l) and allantoin (120 (sd 16.4) μmol/l), sufficient to recycle purine derivatives equivalent to about 0.10 of the normal urinary excretion. When allantoin was incubated in vitro in rumen fluid, it was degraded at a rate sufficient to ensure complete destruction of recycled allantoin. In a series of experiments in which allantoin was infused into the rumen of sheep fed normally, or into the rumen or abomasum of sheep and the rumen of cattle completely nourished by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids and casein, no additional allantoin was recovered in the urine. These losses were probably due to the degradation of allantoin by micro-organisms associated with the digestive tract. It is concluded that all allantoin and uric acid recycled to the rumen via saliva will be similarly degraded. Therefore, the use of urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an estimator of the rumen microbial biomass available to ruminants will need to be corrected for such losses.
A Parasitic Resonator-Based Diamond-Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications

This study proposes a new parasitic resonator-based diamond-shaped microstrip patch antenna for ultra-wideband microwave imaging applications. The antenna consists of a diamond-shaped radiating patch, partial ground plane, and four-star shape parasitic elements. The use of parasitic elements improves the antenna performance in terms of the bandwidth and gain. The proposed prototype has a compact dimension of 30 × 25 × 1.6 mm3. The antenna achieves an overall bandwidth (S11<-10dB) of 7.6 GHz (2.7–10.3 GHz) with more than 4 dBi realized gain and 80% efficiency across the radiating bandwidth. The modified structures of the design extended the usable upper frequency from 9.7 GHz to 10.3 GHz, and the lower frequency is decreased from 3.4 GHz to 2.7 GHz with maintaining the omnidirectional radiation pattern. The design and simulation of the antenna are performed in the 3D electromagnetic simulator CST Microwave Studio. The proposed antenna is used for breast phantom measurement system to analyze the variation of backscattering signal and transmit-received pulses. The observation during the analysis of the numerical and measured data reveals that the designed antenna is a suitable candidate for ultra-wideband (UWB)-based microwave imaging applications.
Amygdala–Hippocampal Involvement in Human Aversive Trace Conditioning Revealed through Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Previous functional neuroimaging studies have characterized brain systems mediating associative learning using classical delay conditioning paradigms. In the present study, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize neuronal responses mediating aversive trace conditioning. During conditioning, neutral auditory tones were paired with an aversive sound [unconditioned stimulus (US)]. We compared neuronal responses evoked by conditioned (CS+) and nonconditioned (CS−) stimuli in which a 50% pairing of CS+ and the US enabled us to limit our analysis to responses evoked by the CS+ alone. Differential responses (CS+ vs CS−), related to conditioning, were observed in anterior cingulate and anterior insula, regions previously implicated in delay fear conditioning. Differential responses were also observed in the amygdala and hippocampus that were best characterized with a time × stimulus interaction, indicating rapid adaptation of CS+-specific responses in medial temporal lobe. These results are strikingly similar to those obtained with a previous delay conditioning experiment and are in accord with a preferential role for medial temporal lobe structures during the early phase of conditioning. However, an additional activation of anterior hippocampus in the present experiment supports a view that its role in trace conditioning is to maintain a memory trace between the offset of the CS+ and the delayed onset of the US to enable associative learning in trace conditioning.
Impact of Solvent Evaporation and Curing Protocol on Degree of Conversion of Etch-and-Rinse and Multimode Adhesives Systems

Objectives This study evaluated the effect of air-drying time and light-curing time on the degree of conversion (DC) of three etch-and-rinse adhesive systems: ONE-STEP (OS) and ONE-STEP plus (OSP), Ambar (AMB), and two multimode adhesive systems: All-Bond Universal (ABU) and ScotchBond Universal (SBU) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Materials and Methods The DC of each adhesive system was analyzed with six experimental different protocols: (1) immediate light curing for 10 s without solvent volatilization; (2) 10 s solvent volatilization with air stream plus 10 s light curing; (3) 60 s solvent volatilization with air stream plus 10 s light curing; (4) immediate light curing for 20 s without solvent volatilization; (5) 10 s solvent volatilization with air stream plus 20 s light curing; and (6) 60 s solvent volatilization with air stream plus 20 s light curing. FTIR spectra were obtained, and the DC was calculated by comparing the ratio of aliphatic/aromatic double carbon bonds before and after light activation (Bluephase 20i). The DC means were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Results Three-way ANOVA showed statistically significant adhesive, air-drying, and light-cured time (p < 0.001). In general, there was a trend of increased DC when the adhesives were dried and cured for longer times, but that was not observed for all the adhesives tested. The acetone-based adhesive systems require an air-drying prior to light activation. The light-curing time of 20 s increases the DC of all materials tested. Conclusion The results suggested that the DC of the adhesive systems tested was material dependent. In general, the protocol with solvent evaporation for 10 seconds with air syringe plus 20 seconds of light curing finds the high values of DC.
The Psychosis Continuum: Testing a Bifactor Model of Psychosis in a General Population Sample

Although the factor structure of psychosis continues to be debated by taxonomists, recent studies have supported a bifactor model consisting of a general psychosis factor and 5 uncorrelated symptom-specific factors. While this model has received support in clinical samples, it has not been tested at the general population level. Analysis was conducted on Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 34 653). Twenty-two psychotic symptoms were used as observed indicators of psychosis. These items were chosen based on their conceptual similarity to the items used in a similar study based on clinical samples. Confirmatory factor analysis and confirmatory bifactor modeling were used to test a variety of competing models. The best fitting model consisted of a general psychosis factor that was uncorrelated with 5 specific factors: positive, negative, disorganization, mania, and depression. These findings suggest that the bifactor model can be extended to general population samples, supporting the continuity between clinical and subclinical psychotic experiences. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Low-frequency noise measurements in silicon power MOSFETs as a tool to experimentally investigate the defectiveness of the gate oxide

July 18th and 19th 2013 Barcelona 47 In this work, we implemented a low-noise laboratory set-up and related numerical processing techniques that allow to perform accurate LF noise measurements in power MOSFETs. The experimental results confirmed the suitability of this measurement technique to analyse the gate oxide quality in silicon trench power MOSFETs. Moreover, from a general standpoint, this kind of empirical investigation allows to select the most suitable physical model for the compact description of 1/f-like fluctuations of the drain current. In particular in this paper, by measuring the LF noise spectra as a function of the gate voltage bias level, we proved that the so-called McWorther number fluctuation model is appropriate for the device technology considered. Thus, this model was adopted, in association with the experimental data, in order to estimate the trap density in the gate oxide. Schematic of the LF noise measurement system for power MOSFETs. Low-Frequency Noise Measurements in Silicon Power MOSFETs as a Tool to Experimentally Investigate the Defectiveness of the Gate Oxide Paolo Magnone114, Pier Andrea Traverso115, Giacomo Barletta116, Claudio Fiegna114,115 14AS060
NEAR-Miner: Mining Evolution Associations of Web Site Directories for Efficient Maintenance of Web Archives

Web archives preserve the history of autonomous Web sites and are potential gold mines for all kinds of media and business analysts. The most common Web archiving technique uses crawlers to automate the process of collecting Web pages. However, (re)downloading entire collection of pages periodically from a large Web site is unfeasible. In this paper, we take a step towards addressing this problem. We devise a data mining-driven policy for selectively (re)downloading Web pages that are located in hierarchical directory structures which are believed to have changed significantly (e.g., a substantial percentage of pages are inserted to/removed from the directory). Consequently, there is no need to download and maintain pages that have not changed since the last crawl as they can be easily retrieved from the archive. In our approach, we propose an off-line data mining algorithm called near-Miner that analyzes the evolution history of Web directory structures of the original Web site stored in the archive and mines negatively correlated association rules (near) between ancestor-descendant Web directories. These rules indicate the evolution correlations between Web directories. Using the discovered rules, we propose an efficient Web archive maintenance algorithm called warm that optimally skips the subdirectories (during the next crawl) which are negatively correlated with it in undergoing significant changes. Our experimental results with real data show that our approach improves the efficiency of the archive maintenance process significantly while sacrificing slightly in keeping the "freshness" of the archives. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that it is not necessary to discover nears frequently as the mining rules can be utilized effectively for archive maintenance over multiple versions.
Somatosensory Stimuli Evoke Norepinephrine Release in the Anterior Ventromedial Hypothalamus of Sexually Receptive Female Rats

We used in vivo brain microdialysis to determine the role of specific copulatory stimuli in mating‐induced release of norepinephrine in the lateral ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of hormone‐treated, sexually receptive female rats. Ovariectomized rats implanted with a unilateral guide cannula aimed at the ventrolateral VMH received systemic injections of estradiol benzoate daily for 2 days before and progesterone 4 h before the initiation of a 1‐h behavioural test. Dialysis probes were lowered immediately after progesterone administration, and 20‐min dialysis samples were collected until 1 h after the termination of behavioural testing. Norepinephrine content of dialysates was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. During mating tests with male rats, dialysate levels of norepinephrine increased significantly over baseline in sexually receptive females with probe placements in the anterior but not posterior VMH. Norepinephrine levels were unchanged if rats were nonreceptive, even if males mounted vigorously and probes were located in the anterior VMH. Hormone‐treated females that were placed on male‐soiled bedding for 1 h showed no changes in dialysate levels of norepinephrine. Similarly, females in which vaginocervical stimulation was prevented by a vaginal mask failed to show increased levels of norepinephrine in dialysates collected from the anterior VMH, even if they displayed high levels of lordosis behaviour. Thus, the release of norepinephrine is not a result of executing the lordosis posture. The findings suggest that mating‐induced increases in norepinephrine release in hormone‐treated, sexually receptive rats are confined to the anterior VMH and that somatosensory rather than chemosensory stimuli evoke norepinephrine release. Moreover, experiments with vaginal masks indicate that vaginocervical stimulation is necessary for mating‐evoked norepinephrine release in the anterior VMH.
Dose-dependent hepatic response to subchronic administration of nandrolone decanoate.

BACKGROUND Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are synthetic hormone derivatives of testosterone and are mainly used to enhance athletic performance and muscle mass, but medical applications also have been described. Short- and long-term side effects have been demonstrated in many organs, but the liver adverse effects are the most common and serious ones associated with AAS use. However, these effects have been supported by few clinical and experimental studies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hepatic function and structure after 5 wk of nandrolone decanoate administration at three different doses. METHODS Twenty-seven adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: control, clinical, intermediate, and suprapharmacological doses of nandrolone decanoate during 5 wk. RESULTS The biochemical studies showed that nandrolone decanoate administration leads to a dose-dependent increase in serum levels of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.01), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P < 0.001), as well as a significant decrease in total proteins (P < 0.01), bilirubin (P < 0.05), total cholesterol and fractions (P < 0.05), and triglycerides (P < 0.05). Although a significant statistical difference was found for AST, ALT, and ALP when compared with the control group, their values remained within the normal range. The number of Kupffer cells was increased in the liver parenchyma (P < 0.05), and the content of collagen was increased in the central lobular vein wall, in the hepatic parenchyma, and in the portal space (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that subchronic treatment with nandrolone decanoate, mainly administered at higher-than-clinical doses, are potentially deleterious to the liver, leading to incipient fibrosis.
Lightning Meteorology II: An Advanced Course on Forecasting with Lightning Data

1. INTRODUCTION The Virtual Institute for Satellite Integration Training (VISIT) provides National Weather Service forecasters with training on a number of topics in remote sensing using distance education techniques. VISIT has developed a two-part course on forecasting with cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data. The first course, " Lightning Meteorology I: Electrification and Lightning Activity in Typical Storms " discusses thunderstorm electrification, charge distributions and CG lightning activity in most warm season isolated storms and mesoscale convective systems (Zajac and Weaver 2002). The second course, " Lightning Meteorology II: Atypical Storms and Advanced Theory " examines CG lightning activity in other storm types including severe storms and winter storms. This article gives an overview of Lightning Meteorology II.
Effect of aerogel spacers on the heat transfer resistance and thermal insulation performance of multilayer super insulators

ABSTRACT Performance of multilayer thermal insulators (MLIs) are depends on spacers density and number of reflector layers. In optimum density, aerogel spacer has the lowest thermal conduction. In the other hand, optimum layers density of MLI depend on temperature situation, which the minimum heat flux is flow through the thickness. In this work, aerogel spacer with density of 76 kg/m3 and MLI layer density of 25 layer/cm (number of layers per one centimeter of thickness) were designed as adequate insulators. Therefore, a novel class of MLI system with thermal conductivity of 5.43 × 10−4 W/m.K was evaluated as a high performance thermal insulator.
An Alternative Approach to Mapping Thermophysical Units from Martian Thermal Inertia and Albedo Data Using a Combination of Unsupervised Classification Techniques

Thermal inertia and albedo provide information on the distribution of surface materials on Mars. These parameters have been mapped globally on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard the Mars Global Surveyor. Two-dimensional clusters of thermal inertia and albedo reflect the thermophysical attributes of the dominant materials on the surface. In this paper three automated, non-deterministic, algorithmic classification methods are employed for defining thermophysical units: Expectation Maximisation of a Gaussian Mixture Model; Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA); and Maximum Likelihood. We analyse the behaviour of the thermophysical classes resulting from the three classifiers, operating on the 2007 TES thermal inertia and albedo datasets. Producing a rigorous mapping of thermophysical classes at ~3 km/pixel resolution remains important for constraining the geologic processes that have shaped the Martian surface on a regional scale, and for choosing appropriate landing sites. The results from applying these algorithms are compared to geologic maps, surface data from lander missions, features derived from imaging, and previous classifications of thermophysical units which utilized manual (and potentially more time consuming) classification methods. These comparisons comprise data suitable for validation of our classifications. Our work shows that a combination of the algorithms—ISODATA and Maximum Likelihood—optimises the sensitivity to the underlying dataspace, and that new information on Martian surface materials can be obtained by using these methods. We demonstrate that the algorithms used here can be applied to define a finer partitioning of albedo and thermal inertia for a more detailed mapping of surface materials, grain sizes and thermal behaviour of the Martian surface and shallow subsurface, at the ~3 km scale.
Retrospective Serological Evidence of High Exposure of Globally Relevant Zoonotic Parasite Toxoplasma Gondii in The Latvian Population

Abstract Toxoplasmosis is an important infection caused by the single-celled parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which is a zoonotic parasite causing widespread human and animal diseases, mostly involving the central nervous system. Humans can acquire toxoplasmosis by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing T. gondii tissue cysts, ingestion of oocysts shed by infected felids via contaminated food or water, and by vertical transmission to the fetus through the placenta from the mother during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of specific anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using a large set of clinical diagnostic laboratory data obtained over a 14-year period. In total, 25 069 unique patients were included in the present study. The overall specific anti-T. gondii IgG prevalence were 36.3%, which was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than IgM prevalence (2.4%). Mean age for IgG antibody-positive patients was 33.7 ± 12.2 years. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.99; p < 0.01) was observed between age group and anti-T. gondii IgG antibody prevalence, which ranged from 4.2% to 66.7%. The most prevalent (69.9%; 95% CI 69.2–70.7) comorbidities of patients tested for presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were classified as factors affecting health status which includes also monitoring of normal pregnancy.
Detection of Intracellular Bacteria in the Buds of Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) by In Situ Hybridization

ABSTRACT Bacterial isolates were obtained from pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) tissue cultures and identified asMethylobacterium extorquens and Pseudomonas synxantha. The existence of bacteria in pine buds was investigated by 16S rRNA in situ hybridization. Bacteria inhabited the buds of every tree examined, primarily colonizing the cells of scale primordia and resin ducts.