Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
« On travaille à la seconde! » Rémunération à la pièce et santé et sécurité du travail dans une perspective qui tient compte de l’ethnicité et du genre

Peu d’etudes qualitatives ont decrit les mecanismes par lesquels le travail a la piece influence la sante. Nous presentons les resultats de 25 entrevues realisees entre 2004 et 2006 dans une grande entreprise de fabrication de vetements a Montreal. Nous decrivons la main- d’œuvre, constituee en grande majorite de femmes et d’immigrants, les exigences et contraintes de production, les strategies des travailleurs et travailleuses favorisant la production et celles favorisant la sante, et la gestion et l’impact des problemes de sante vecus au travail. De plus, nous confrontons la realite du travail a la piece a la representation que s’en font differents intervenants (employeurs, travailleurs, travailleuses decideurs, medecins) telle qu’elle a ete rapportee dans 62 decisions sur des reclamations pour lesion professionnelle rendues par la Commission des lesions professionnelles (C.L.P.) entre 2000 et 2007, decisions portant sur l’industrie du vetement et mentionnant le travail a la piece. Nous examinons les causes et discutons des implications de nos resultats.
The Arab Spring| Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory

This article seeks to open dialogue about the utility of resource mobilization theory in explaining social movements and their impact by exploring the use of social media in the 2011 Egyptian revolution through a limited case study analysis. It argues that social media played an instrumental role in the success of the anti-government protests that led to the resignation of the country’s dictatorial leader, and calls for further examination of the proposed incorporation of social media as an important resource for collective action and the organization of contemporary social movements.
Inference of Gene Regulatory Networks Using Boolean-Network Inference Methods

The modeling of genetic networks especially from microarray and related data has become an important aspect of the biosciences. This review takes a fresh look at a specific family of models used for constructing genetic networks, the so-called Boolean networks. The review outlines the various different types of Boolean network developed to date, from the original Random Boolean Network to the current Probabilistic Boolean Network. In addition, some of the different inference methods available to infer these genetic networks are also examined. Where possible, particular attention is paid to input requirements as well as the efficiency, advantages and drawbacks of each method. Though the Boolean network model is one of many models available for network inference today, it is well established and remains a topic of considerable interest in the field of genetic network inference. Hybrids of Boolean networks with other approaches may well be the way forward in inferring the most informative networks.
Title Zigzag transect survey by towed passive acoustic method for finless porpoise in the Yangtze River

Accurate estimation of abundance is one of the most important tasks for conservation and management of the endangered species. However, the population estimation of cetaceans in riverine systems is difficult due to the limited cruise course restricted by shallow water and ship lanes. In the present study, we conducted a zigzag survey trial with towed acoustic system in the main stem of the Yangtze River and appended Poyang Lake on the Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis), which has been decreasing rapidly in the last couple of decades. The porpoise detected were 4 and 28 individuals per 14 km (by straight-line distance) of the river and lake respectively on the same day. This corresponded to the seasonal site preference of the porpoises reported previously. Eighty-four percent of the porpoises were detected between 100 and 400 m from the bank. We also counted the number of navigating ships, which was 52 and 29 in the same sections of the river and lake respectively. Most of the ships were cargo vessel and navigated in the middle of the river and lake. Although the survey boat had to carefully across the channel, the zigzag transect seemed to be feasible. In the future work, we will examine the persistence to the bank of the porpoises with a bigger data set and should be able to estimate the accurate abundance of the local population.
Experimental study of a 2D-irregular fractal-jet printed antenna

In this paper, a 2D irregular fractal-jet printed antenna is designed and characterized. The measured return loss over the range 1–30 GHz shows multiband behavior with various impedance widths and matching. The radiation patterns and the gain were measured at some resonating frequencies. The antenna radiation is influenced by the high irregularity of the patch-boundary.
Power allocation for energy-constrained cognitive radios in the presence of an eavesdropper

Reliable and agile spectrum sensing as well as secure communication are key requirements of a cognitive radio system. In this paper, secrecy throughput of a cognitive radio is maximized in order to determine the sensing threshold, the sensing time, and the transmission power. Constraints of the problem are defined as a lower-bound on the detection probability, an upper-bound on the average energy consumption per time-frame, and the maximum transmission power of the cognitive radio. We show that the problem can be solved by an on-off strategy where the cognitive radio only performs sensing and transmits data if the cognitive channel gain is greater than the average eavesdropper channel gain. The problem is then solved by a line-search over sensing time. Eventually, the secrecy throughput of the cognitive radio is evaluated employing the IEEE 802.15. 4/Zig-Bee standard.
Hardware aware tiling optimization for multi-core systems

This paper presents a proposition of the new tool which improves tiling efficiency for given hardware architecture. This article also describes the correlation between changing hardware architecture and methods of software optimization. First chapter includes short description of the change in hardware architecture which has occurred in recent 10 years. The second chapter provides an overview of tools which will be used in further research. The consecutive sections contain description of proposed hardware-aware tool for optimal tiling.
A Combination Approach to Community Detection in Social Networks by Utilizing Structural and Attribute Data

Community detection is one of the important tasks of social network analysis. It has significant practical importance for achieving cost-effective solutions for problems in the area of search engine optimization, spam detection, viral marketing, counter-terrorism, epidemic modeling, etc. In recent years, there has been an exponential growth of online social platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Google+, Pinterest and Tumblr, as people can easily connect to each other in the Internet era overcoming geographical barriers. This has brought about new forms of social interaction, dialogue, exchange and collaboration across diverse social networks of unprecedented scales. At the same time, it presents new challenges and demands more effective, as well as scalable, graphmining techniques because the extraction of novel and useful knowledge from massive amount of graph data holds the key to the analysis of social networks in a much larger scale. In this research paper, the problem to find communities within social networks is considered. Existing community detection techniques utilize the topological structure of the social network, but a proper combination of the available attribute data, which represents the properties of the participants or actors, and the structure data of the social network graph is promising for the detection of more accurate and meaningful communities.
Teacher confidence in the teaching of science and technology in primary schools in Northern Ireland

There has been a major drive in many countries over the past halfcentury to improve the teaching of science in primary schools (Osbome and Simon, 1996). This has often taken the form of research into various aspects of science education (Miller et al, 2000). In the Republic of Ireland science has been included in the curriculum of primary schools for many years, although the effectiveness of this has been questioned (Irish National Teachers' Organisation, 1992). The place of science in the primary curriculum should be strengthened with the implementation of the Revised Primary Curriculum (Government of Ireland, 1999). In the United Kingdom legislation has been used to place science firmly in the primary curriculum, for example in England and Wales science is one of the three core subjects of the National Curriculum. Similar legislation in Northern Ireland made the teaching of science compulsory as part of the Northern Ireland Curriculum (NIC) although here core subjects were not defined (Department of Education, Northern Ireland [DENI], 1989). However assessment of English, mathematics and science for transfer to secondary schools at age eleven, has made these three subjects, in practice, core subjects (Sutherland et al, 1996; Gardner and Cowan, 2000).
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Dexamethasone has been reported to reduce PONV. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of dexmedetomidine in decreasing PONV. This study was designed to compare the effects of a single dose of dexmedetomidine to dexamethasone for reducing PONV after LC. Methods Eighty-six adult patients scheduled for LC were randomized to receive either single dose 1 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine (Dexmed group, N = 43) or 8 mg dexamethasone (Dexa group, N = 43) before skin incision. During the first 24 h postoperatively, the incidence and severity of PONV were assessed. Pain and sedation scores were assessed on arrival in the recovery room and early postoperatively. Analgesic and antiemetic consumption during the 24 h after surgery were calculated. Intra-operative and postoperative hemodynamics were recorded. Results Twenty-one percent of the patients in the Dexmed group developed PONV compared to 28% in the Dexa group (P = 0.6). Severity of PONV was similar between the two groups (P = 0.07). Early postoperatively, pain severity was significantly lower in the Dexmed group, but sedation scores were significantly higher. The first analgesic request was significantly delayed in the Dexmed group (P = 0.02). The total amounts of intraoperative fentanyl and postoperative tramadol administered were significantly lower in the Dexmed group. No difference in ondansetron was noted between the two groups. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the Dexmed group after administration of dexmedetomidine. No major side effects were reported. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence and severity of PONV, similar to dexamethasone. It is superior to dexamethasone in reducing postoperative pain and total analgesic consumption during the first 24 h after LC.
Microevolutionary traits and comparative population genomics of the emerging pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus gattii

Emerging fungal pathogens cause an expanding burden of disease across the animal kingdom, including a rise in morbidity and mortality in humans. Yet, we currently have only a limited repertoire of available therapeutic interventions. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of fungal virulence and of the emergence of hypervirulence within species is therefore needed for new treatments and mitigation efforts. For example, over the past decade, an unusual lineage of Cryptococcus gattii, which was first detected on Vancouver Island, has spread to the Canadian mainland and the Pacific Northwest infecting otherwise healthy individuals. The molecular changes that led to the development of this hypervirulent cryptococcal lineage remain unclear. To explore this, we traced the history of similar microevolutionary events that can lead to changes in host range and pathogenicity. Here, we detail fine-resolution mapping of genetic differences between two highly related Cryptococcus gattii VGIIc isolates that differ in their virulence traits (phagocytosis, vomocytosis, macrophage death, mitochondrial tubularization and intracellular proliferation). We identified a small number of single site variants within coding regions that potentially contribute to variations in virulence. We then extended our methods across multiple lineages of C. gattii to study how selection is acting on key virulence genes within different lineages. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.
The globally widespread genus Sulfurimonas: versatile energy metabolisms and adaptations to redox clines

Sulfurimonas species are commonly isolated from sulfidic habitats and numerous 16S rRNA sequences related to Sulfurimonas species have been identified in chemically distinct environments, such as hydrothermal deep-sea vents, marine sediments, the ocean’s water column, and terrestrial habitats. In some of these habitats, Sulfurimonas have been demonstrated to play an important role in chemoautotrophic processes. Sulfurimonas species can grow with a variety of electron donors and acceptors, which may contribute to their widespread distribution. Multiple copies of one type of enzyme (e.g., sulfide:quinone reductases and hydrogenases) may play a pivotal role in Sulfurimonas’ flexibility to colonize disparate environments. Many of these genes appear to have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer which has promoted adaptations to the distinct habitats. Here we summarize Sulfurimonas’ versatile energy metabolisms and link their physiological properties to their global distribution.
Small Incision Open Cholecystectomy ( SIOC ) in the Era of Laparoscopic Surgery : A Prospective Cohort Study

SIOC is an alternative to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. From Jun 2012 through 2013 till Jan 2014, all the SIOC and operations performed on Gall bladder as the responsibility for surgical training (intended SIOC) were taken in to consideration in this study. 92 women and 48 men, total 140, with median age of 45 years (range 18 to 74 years) underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall bladder disease. Trainee surgeons assisted by consultants performed surgery in 101 (72%) cases. 39 cases (difficult due to disturbed anatomy at Calot’s triangle) were operated by consultant surgeon. The CBD was explored in 6 patients. Post op morbidity was in 06 (4.28%). Median post op stay was 01 day. Mean total (pre op & post op) hosp stay was 3.1 days. SIOC for all patients is compatible with short hospital stay, evidence-based gallbladder surgery for the training of surgical residents.
Comparing Oncotype DX Recurrence Score Categories with Immunohistochemically Defined Luminal Subtypes

Background: At the 13th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference in 2013, a new definition of luminal A-like and luminal B-like breast cancer was proposed, involving the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and Ki-67. We examined the rate of concordance between the risk groups using the Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS) and the previous and newly proposed luminal subtypes with the standardized Ki-67 assessment. Method: The relationship between a previously and newly proposed, immunohistochemically defined luminal A and B subtype with the Oncotype DX RS of 41 cases of T1-2 N0-1 M0 (ER positive, HER2 negative) breast cancer was assessed. We first classified the patients into the previously defined luminal A and B subtypes, according to the level of Ki-67 as either “low” (<14%) or “high” (≥14%), as assessed by local pathologists. Next, to consider the necessity for standardizing Ki-67 measurement methods, we re-examined Ki-67 with a central review. By introducing PgR positivity (≥20%), we classified these patients to newly proposed luminal subtypes and compared them with the risk groups stratified by Oncotype DX RS. Results: In the previously proposed luminal subtypes, the concordance rate between luminal A and the low RS category was 76.5% according to local pathologists and 90.1% by central review, whereas the rate between luminal B and the intermediate to high RS category was 46.7% and 45.8%, respectively. In newly proposed luminal subtypes, the concordance rate between luminal A and low RS category was 100% and between the luminal B and intermediate to high RS category was 53.6%. Conclusions: Although this study was based on a retrospective chart review of a small sample size, the newly proposed luminal subtypes including addition of PgR positivity with the standardized Ki-67 assessment appeared to improve the concordance rate especially between luminal A and low RS category.
Assessing the welfare of laboratory-housed marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Effects of breeding and infant rearing background

It is of ethical and scientific importance to protect the welfare of primates bred and housed in the laboratory. Strict regulations govern their use in the UK, which are underpinned by the principles of humane science, the 3Rs. These require researchers to Replace animals if possible, or else Reduce the numbers needed and maximise welfare through Refinement. While all mammals can suffer and so need careful consideration, primates may be special candidates as their complex cognitive, social and psychological needs can be more challenging to meet in laboratories than other commonly used species. Their use must be clearly justified, achieved by weighing the harms to the animals against the potential benefits. It is critical that welfare is maximised. Improved welfare can also have significant scientific merit, allowing the most reliable and valid results to be obtained from the animals. Animal welfare is based on three approaches: biological functioning, leading a natural life and subjective state. The viewpoints shape the methods used for assessment. However, animal welfare is a multidimensional concept, best assessed with a holistic approach that integrates a variety of measures. In the laboratory, animal welfare is based on Refinement. Although the common marmoset is the most frequently used New World primate in research and testing, there are several problems associated with their breeding that would benefit from such Refinements. These problems include low dam longevity and increasing litter sizes, leading to high infant mortality and the need for human intervention to improve survival of larger litters. Young marmosets are routinely separated from their family, despite there being much evidence that this can have adverse effects on their development. Two types of primate model have been used to investigate this: Parental Separation Models and Maternal Behaviour Models. While such work has offered profound insights, early life stress exposure may not always be so deleterious. The present thesis therefore examines the effect that litter size and
Development through life : a handbook for clinicians

1. Continuities, Transitions and Turning Points in Development 2. Genetic Influences on Behavioural Development 3. Brain Development 4. Individual Characteristics as a Force in Development 5. Family Influences 6. School Influences 7. Cultural and Community Influences 8. Development and Psychopathology of Attention 9. Language Development 10. Cognition In and Out of Context: a Tale of Two Paradigms 11. Psychometric and Everyday Intelligence: Synonyms, Antonyms and Anonyms 12. Development of Reading and Spelling Skills 13. Development of a Theory of Mind: Where would we be without the Itentional Stance 14. Character Development 15. Developmental Perspective on Gender Differences and Similarities 16. Attachment: Theory and Evidence 17. Emotional Development 18. Peer Relations 19. Developmental Approaches to Aggression and Conduct Problems 20. Sleeping and Feeding Across the Lifespan 21. Psychosexual Development Across the Lifespan 22. Psychological Ageing in Lifespan Perspective
HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, induce phosphorylation of Mdm2 and attenuate the p53 response to DNA damage

3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors, statins, are widely used cholesterol‐lowering drugs and have been shown to have anticancer effects in many models. We have investigated the effect of statins on Mdm2, a p53‐specific ubiquitin ligase. It was found that pravastatin induced Mdm2 phosphorylation at Ser166 and at 2A10 antibody‐specific epitopes in HepG2 cells, while mRNA levels were unchanged. Furthermore, pravastatin was found to induce phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2448. Ser166 phosphorylation of Mdm2 was abrogated by an inhibitor of mTOR, rapamycin, but not by the PI3‐kinase inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin. Ser166 phosphorylation of Mdm2 has been associated to active Mdm2 and has been shown to increase its ubiquitin ligase activity and lead to increased p53 degradation. Our data show that statins attenuated the p53 response to DNA damage. Thus, in HepG2 cells pravastatin and simvastatin pretreatment attenuated the p53 response to DNA damage induced by 5‐fluorouracil and benzo(a)pyrene. Similar attenuation was induced when p53 stabilization was induced by the inhibitor of nuclear export, leptomycin B. Furthermore, in the DNA‐damaged cells, half‐lives of Mdm2 and p53 were decreased by statins, indicating a more rapid formation of p53/Mdm2 complexes and facilitated p53 degradation. The induction of p53 responsive genes and apoptosis was attenuated. Mdm2 and p53 were also studied in vivo in rat liver employing immunohistochemistry, and it was found that constitutive Mdm2 expression was changed in livers of pravastatin‐treated rats. We also show that the p53 response to a challenging dose of diethylnitrosamine was attenuated in hepatocytes in situ and in primary cultures of hepatocytes by pravastatin pretreatment. Taken together, these data indicate that statins induce an mTOR‐dependent Ser166 phosphorylation of Mdm2, and this effect may attenuate the duration and intensity of the p53 response to DNA damage in hepatocytes.