Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language support for dynamic, hierarchical data partitioning

Applications written for distributed-memory parallel architectures must partition their data to enable parallel execution. As memory hierarchies become deeper, it is increasingly necessary that the data partitioning also be hierarchical to match. Current language proposals perform this hierarchical partitioning statically, which excludes many important applications where the appropriate partitioning is itself data dependent and so must be computed dynamically. We describe Legion, a region-based programming system, where each region may be partitioned into subregions. Partitions are computed dynamically and are fully programmable. The division of data need not be disjoint and subregions of a region may overlap, or alias one another. Computations use regions with certain privileges (e.g., expressing that a computation uses a region read-only) and data coherence (e.g., expressing that the computation need only be atomic with respect to other operations on the region), which can be controlled on a per-region (or subregion) basis. We present the novel aspects of the Legion design, in particular the combination of static and dynamic checks used to enforce soundness. We give an extended example illustrating how Legion can express computations with dynamically determined relationships between computations and data partitions. We prove the soundness of Legion's type system, and show Legion type checking improves performance by up to 71% by eliding provably safe memory checks. In particular, we show that the dynamic checks to detect aliasing at runtime at the region granularity have negligible overhead. We report results for three real-world applications running on distributed memory machines, achieving up to 62.5X speedup on 96 GPUs on the Keeneland supercomputer.
Experimental Demonstration of Local Quasi-TEM Gap Modes in Single-Hard-Wall Waveguides

This letter reports an experimental study of a gap waveguide which is able to support a plurality of degenerate local quasi-TEM modes. No sidewalls are needed to separate these modes, which is a very useful property in the upper microwave and millimeter-wave bands. The waveguiding media is formed in the gap between a conducting plate and a hard surface. The working principle is described first. Next a practical realization is explained and tested experimentally.
Using Unknown Word Techniques to Learn Known Words

Unknown words are a hindrance to the performance of hand-crafted computational grammars of natural language. However, words with incomplete and incorrect lexical entries pose an even bigger problem because they can be the cause of a parsing failure despite being listed in the lexicon of the grammar. Such lexical entries are hard to detect and even harder to correct. We employ an error miner to pinpoint words with problematic lexical entries. An automated lexical acquisition technique is then used to learn new entries for those words which allows the grammar to parse previously uncovered sentences successfully. We test our method on a large-scale grammar of Dutch and a set of sentences for which this grammar fails to produce a parse. The application of the method enables the grammar to cover 83.76% of those sentences with an accuracy of 86.15%.
Gaze-based drawing assistant

classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. SIGGRAPH 2014, August 10 – 14, 2014, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 2014 Copyright held by the Owner/Author. ACM 978-1-4503-2958-3/14/08 Gaze-Based Drawing Assistant Mon-Chu Chen University of Madeira Funchal, PORTUGAL monchu@uma.pt Yi-Ching Huang National Taiwan University Taipei, TAIWAN d00944010@csie.ntu. edu.tw Kuan-Ying Wu National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu, TAIWAN rainage@arch.nctu. edu.tw
An Overview of the Evidence and Mechanisms of Herb–Drug Interactions

Despite the lack of sufficient information on the safety of herbal products, their use as alternative and/or complementary medicine is globally popular. There is also an increasing interest in medicinal herbs as precursor for pharmacological actives. Of serious concern is the concurrent consumption of herbal products and conventional drugs. Herb–drug interaction (HDI) is the single most important clinical consequence of this practice. Using a structured assessment procedure, the evidence of HDI presents with varying degree of clinical significance. While the potential for HDI for a number of herbal products is inferred from non-human studies, certain HDIs are well established through human studies and documented case reports. Various mechanisms of pharmacokinetic HDI have been identified and include the alteration in the gastrointestinal functions with consequent effects on drug absorption; induction and inhibition of metabolic enzymes and transport proteins; and alteration of renal excretion of drugs and their metabolites. Due to the intrinsic pharmacologic properties of phytochemicals, pharmacodynamic HDIs are also known to occur. The effects could be synergistic, additive, and/or antagonistic. Poor reporting on the part of patients and the inability to promptly identify HDI by health providers are identified as major factors limiting the extensive compilation of clinically relevant HDIs. A general overview and the significance of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic HDI are provided, detailing basic mechanism, and nature of evidence available. An increased level of awareness of HDI is necessary among health professionals and drug discovery scientists. With the increasing number of plant-sourced pharmacological actives, the potential for HDI should always be assessed in the non-clinical safety assessment phase of drug development process. More clinically relevant research is also required in this area as current information on HDI is insufficient for clinical applications.
A review of the Sri Lankan health-sector response to intimate partner violence: looking back, moving forward

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major health concern for women worldwide. Prevalence rates for IPV are high in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region, but little is known about health-sector responses in this area. Health-care professionals can play an important role in supporting women who are seeking recourse from IPV. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant published and grey literature over the last 35 years that focused on IPV, partner/ spousal violence, wife beating/abuse/battering, domestic violence, and Sri Lanka. Much of the information about current health-sector response to IPV in Sri Lanka was not reported in published and grey literature. Therefore, key personnel from the Ministry of Health, hospitals, universities and nongovernmental organizations were also interviewed to gain additional, accurate and timely information. It was found that the health-sector response to IPV in Sri Lanka is evolving, and consists of two models of service provision: (i) gender based violence desks, which integrate selective services at the provider/facility level; and (ii) Mithuru Piyasa (Friendly Abode) service points, which integrate comprehensive services at the provider/facility level and some at the system level. This paper presents each model’s strengths and limitations in providing comprehensive and integrated health services for women who experience IPV in the Sri Lankan context.
Influence of processing supplemental alfalfa on intake and digestion of dormant bluestem-range forage by steers.

Four ruminally and duodenally fistulated, 2-yr-old Angus x Hereford steers (average initial BW = 370 kg) were used to evaluate the effect of method of processing supplemental alfalfa on intake and digestion of dormant bluestem-range forage (2.8% CP, 78% NDF). Treatments (4 x 4 Latin square) were 1) control, no supplement; 2) ground and pelleted alfalfa hay (PELLET; 21% CP, 37% NDF); 3) ground and pelleted dehydrated alfalfa (DEHY; 21% CP, 44% NDF); and 4) longstem alfalfa hay (HAY; 20% CP, 37% NDF). All supplements were from a single cutting of alfalfa and fed at . 5% BW (as-fed basis). Supplementing steers with alfalfa increased (P < or = .07) bluestem forage OM intake (FOMI); total OM intake (TOMI); true ruminal OM digestibility; total tract OM digestibility (TTOMD); total N, microbial N, and nonammonia-nonmicrobial N (NANM) flows to the duodenum; ruminal OM and fluid fill; fluid dilution rates; dietary DE concentration; and ruminal total VFA and NH3 N concentrations. Because of the enhanced FOMI and TOMI associated with alfalfa supplementation and the concomitant improvement in TTOMD, digestible OM intake (DOMI) also increased (P < .01) when supplemental alfalfa was fed. Method of processing alfalfa had little impact on forage utilization, except FOMI (P = .11), TOMI (P = .10), and ruminal OM fill (P = .09) tended to be greater when supplemental alfalfa pellets were dehydrated. Similarly, processing method tended to alter the molar proportions of some minor VFA. In conclusion, alfalfa supplementation exerted a dramatic impact on utilization of low-quality forage. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Volatility, Labor Market Flexibility, and the Pattern of Comparative Advantage

This paper studies the link between volatility, labor market flexibility, and international trade. International differences in labor market regulations affect how firms can adjust to idiosyncratic shocks. These institutional differences interact with sector specific differences in volatility (the variance of the firm-specific shocks in a sector) to generate a new source of comparative advantage. Other things equal, countries with more flexible labor markets specialize in sectors with higher volatility. Empirical evidence for a large sample of countries strongly supports this theory: the exports of countries with more flexible labor markets are biased towards high-volatility sectors. We show how differences in labor market institutions can be parsimoniously integrated into the workhorse model of Ricardian comparative advantage of Dornbush, Fisher and Samuelson (1977). We also show how our model can be extended to multiple factors of production.
Human muscle strength training: the effects of three different regimens and the nature of the resultant changes.

1. Increases in strength and size of the quadriceps muscle have been compared during 12 weeks of either isometric or dynamic strength training. 2. Isometric training of one leg resulted in a significant increase in force (35 +/‐ 19%, mean +/‐ S.D., n = 6) with no change in the contralateral untrained control leg. 3. Quadriceps cross‐sectional area was measured from mid‐thigh X‐ray computerized tomography (c.t.) scans before and after training. The increase in area (5 +/‐ 4.6%, mean +/‐ S.D., n = 6) was smaller than, and not correlated with, the increase in strength. 4. The possibility that the stimulus for gain in strength is the high force developed in the muscle was examined by comparing two training regimes, one where the muscle shortened (concentric) and the other where the muscle was stretched (eccentric) during the training exercise. Forces generated during eccentric training were 45% higher than during concentric training. 5. Similar changes in strength and muscle cross‐sectional area were found after the two forms of exercise. Eccentric exercise increased isometric force by 11 +/‐ 3.6% (mean +/‐ S.D., n = 6), and concentric training by 15 +/‐ 8.0% (mean +/‐ S.D., n = 6). In both cases there was an approximate 5% increase in cross‐sectional area. 6. It is concluded that as a result of strength training the main change in the first 12 weeks is an increase in the force generated per unit cross‐sectional area of muscle. The stimulus for this is unknown but comparison of the effects of eccentric and concentric training suggest it is unlikely to be solely mechanical stress or metabolic fluxes in the muscle.
Role Forgetting for ALCOQH ( O )-Ontologies Using an Ackermann-Based Approach

Forgetting refers to a non-standard reasoning problem concerned with eliminating concept and role symbols from description logic-based ontologies while preserving all logical consequences up to the remaining symbols. Whereas previous research has primarily focused on forgetting concept symbols, in this paper, we turn our attention to role symbol forgetting. In particular, we present a practical method for semantic role forgetting for ontologies expressible in the description logicALCOQH(O), i.e., the basic description logic ALC extended with nominals, qualified number restrictions, role inclusions and the universal role. Being based on an Ackermann approach, the method is the only approach so far for forgetting role symbols in description logics with qualified number restrictions. The method is goal-oriented and incremental. It always terminates and is sound in the sense that the forgetting solution is equivalent to the original ontology up to the forgotten symbols, possibly with new concept definer symbols. Despite our method not being complete, performance results of an evaluation with a prototypical implementation have shown very good success rates on real-world ontologies.
Square component injection to improve current distortion of CRM Flyback APFCs with wide input voltage and variable load

Critical Conduction Mode (CRM) Flyback APFCs is widely used in High Brightness Light Emitting Diodes (HB-LEDs) driver. But with high input voltage or light load, its line current distortion deteriorates because of the peak distortion. In this paper, an improved control strategy is introduced to solve this problem. It is realized by the injection of sin2θ component to primary reference current. Nonetheless, the excessive injected content would lead to serious zero-crossing distortion. Consequently, this paper analyzes the relationship between the injected sin2θ component and current distortion. On the basis of that, the best injected ratio range which can realize the effectively trade-off between peak distortion and zero-crossing distortion is deduced and finally testified by experimental results.
New MDS array code correcting multiple disk failures

We present a new family of maximal-distance separable (MDS) array codes which can tolerate five disk failures. The encoding is based on bit-wise exclusive OR (XOR) and bit-wise cyclic shifts, and hence is amenable to practical implementation. Efficient repair method for correcting up to two disk failures is also given. The proposed coding scheme provides a larger spectrum of parameters, with comparable encoding and repairing complexities in compare with existing MDS array codes, such as the row-diagonal parity (RDP) code and the EVENODD code.
Microfabricated Polyacrylamide Devices for the Controlled Culture of Growing Cells and Developing Organisms

The ability to spatially confine living cells or small organisms while dynamically controlling their aqueous environment is important for a host of microscopy applications. Here, we show how polyacrylamide layers can be patterned to construct simple microfluidic devices for this purpose. We find that polyacrylamide gels can be molded like PDMS into micron-scale structures that can enclose organisms, while being permeable to liquids, and transparent to allow for microscopic observation. We present a range of chemostat-like devices to observe bacterial and yeast growth, and C. elegans nematode development. The devices can integrate PDMS layers and allow for temporal control of nutrient conditions and the presence of drugs on a minute timescale. We show how spatial confinement of motile C. elegans enables for time-lapse microscopy in a parallel fashion.
Protein kinase signaling cascades in CNS trauma

Advances in our understanding of the signaling pathways and cellular functions regulated by protein kinase cascades have paved the way to study their role in the response of brain and spinal cord to traumatic injury. Mechanical forces imparted by trauma stimulate mitogen‐activated protein kinases and protein kinase B/Akt as well as cause changes in the state of phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β. Extracellular ATP released by mechanical strain stimulates P2 purinergic receptors that are coupled to these protein kinase signaling pathways. These kinases regulate gene expression, cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis, thereby affecting cell fate, repair and plasticity after trauma. Elucidation of the molecular responses of protein kinase cascades to mechanical strain and the genes regulated by these signaling pathways may lead to therapeutic opportunities to minimize losses in motor skills and cognitive function caused by trauma to the central nervous system. IUBMB Life, 57: 711‐718, 2005
Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis.

BACKGROUND Increasing attention has been given by researchers to cannabis use in individuals with psychosis. As psychoses are relatively low-prevalence disorders, research has been mostly been restricted to small-scale studies of treatment samples. The reported prevalence estimates obtained from these studies vary widely. AIMS To provide prevalence estimates based on larger samples and to examine sources of variability in prevalence estimates across studies. METHOD Data from 53 studies of treatment samples and 5 epidemiological studies were analysed. RESULTS Based on treatment sample data, prevalence estimates were calculated for current use (23.0%), current misuse (11.3%), 12-month use (29.2%), 12-month misuse (18.8%), lifetime use (42.1%) and lifetime misuse (22.5%). Epidemiological studies consistently reported higher cannabis use and misuse prevalence in people with psychosis. CONCLUSIONS The factor most consistently associated with increased odds of cannabis prevalence was specificity of diagnosis. Factors such as consumption patterns and study design merit further consideration.
Adaptation and Selection of Prion Protein Strain Conformations following Interspecies Transmission of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy

ABSTRACT Interspecies transmission of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, can result in the adaptation and selection of TSE strains with an expanded host range and increased virulence such as in the case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. To investigate TSE strain adaptation, we serially passaged a biological clone of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) into Syrian golden hamsters and examined the selection of distinct strain phenotypes and conformations of the disease-specific isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc). The long-incubation-period drowsy (DY) TME strain was the predominate strain, based on the presence of its strain-specific PrPSc following interspecies passage. Additional serial passages in hamsters resulted in the selection of the hyper (HY) TME PrPSc strain-dependent conformation and its short incubation period phenotype unless the passages were performed with a low-dose inoculum (e.g., 10−5 dilution), in which case the DY TME clinical phenotype continued to predominate. For both TME strains, the PrPSc strain pattern preceded stabilization of the TME strain phenotype. These findings demonstrate that interspecies transmission of a single cloned TSE strain resulted in adaptation of at least two strain-associated PrPScconformations that underwent selection until one type of PrPSc conformation and strain phenotype became predominant. To examine TME strain selection in the absence of host adaptation, hamsters were coinfected with hamster-adapted HY and DY TME. DY TME was able to interfere with the selection of the short-incubation HY TME phenotype. Coinfection could result in the DY TME phenotype and PrPSc conformation on first passage, but on subsequent passages, the disease pattern converted to HY TME. These findings indicate that during TSE strain adaptation, there is selection of a strain-specific PrPSc conformation that can determine the TSE strain phenotype.
Progestogen modification of endometrial histology in menopasual women.

technician to medical laboratory scientific officer was one step in the process, although the institute had undoubtedly set its sights on having medical laboratory scientist adopted as the new designation.7 The MLSO designations came into effect earlier this year and already it is common practice for MLSOs to shorten their descriptions with misleading effects. I know of recent instances where a principal MLSO and a chief MLSO have, respectively, described themselves as principal scientific officer and as chief scientific officer, designations properly reserved at present for the scientific Civil Service. All that glitters is not gold. L G WHITBY
WEAR: A Web-Based Authoring Tool for Building Intelligent Tutoring Systems

WEAR is a Web-based authoring tool for the construction of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) in Algebra-related domains, such as physics, economics, chemistry, etc. In WEAR’s authoring environment instructors are able to construct problems and tests and also build adaptive electronic textbooks. In return, WEAR generates a learning environment in which students can solve problems and study the topics of the curriculum. Apart from modelling the student which is a common practice in almost all ITSs and ITS authoring tools, WEAR deals also with modelling the other class of its users: the instructors. Based on the user models it maintains, WEAR adapts the interaction with both students and instructors and provides them with individualised feedback and help. In this paper we will describe WEAR’s operation and functionality and discuss how this operation is enhanced by the system’s user modelling capabilities.
Capturing Behaviour for the Use of Avatars in Virtual Environments

Avatars, representations of people in virtual environments, are subject to human control. However, for most applications, it is impractical for a person to directly control each joint in a complex avatar. Rather, people must be allowed to specify complex behaviours with simple instructions and the avatar permitted to select the correct movements in sequence to execute the instruction. This requires a variety of technologies that are currently available. Human behaviour must be captured and stored it so that it can be retrieved at a later time for use by the avatar. This has been done successfully with a variety of haptic interfaces, with visual observation of human head movements, and with verbal behaviour in natural language applications. The behaviour must be broken into atomic actions that can be sequenced with a regular grammar, and an appropriate grammar developed. Finally, a user interface must be developed so that a person can deliver instructions to the avatar.
CSE 02-006 State space identification of max-plus-linear discrete event systems from input-output data ∗

We present a method to identify the parameters of a state space model for a max-plus-linear discrete event system from input-output sequences. The approach is based on recasting the identification problem as an optimization problem over the solution set of an extended linear complementarity problem. Recently, we have shown that such a problem can be solved much more efficiently than previously by using a mixed integer programming approach. The resulting algorithm allows us to identify a state space model of a max-plus-linear discrete event system from input-output data. This method works for both structured and fully parameterized state space identification. In addition, we also obtain an estimate of the state sequence.