Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power Penalty Due to First-order PMD in Optical OFDM/QAM and FBMC/OQAM Transmission System

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is a challenge for high-data-rate optical-communication systems. More researches are desirable for impairments that is induced by PMD in high-speed optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission system. In this paper, an approximately analytical method for evaluating the power penalty due to first-order PMD in optical OFDM with quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM/QAM) and filter bank based multi-carrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) transmission system is presented. The simulation results show that, compared with the single carrier with quadrature phase shift keying(SC-QPSK), both the OFDM/QAM and the FBMC/OQAM can decrease the power penalty caused by PMD by half. Furthermore, the FBMC/OQAM shows better power penalty immunity than the OFDM/QAM under the influence of first order PMD.
Sirolimus decreases circulating lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

BACKGROUND Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), sporadic or in women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), is characterized by cystic lung destruction, lymphatic involvement (eg, chylous pleural effusions, lymphangioleiomyomas), and renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs). The multisystem manifestations of LAM appear to result from metastatic dissemination of LAM cells bearing inactivating mutations or having loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the tumor suppressor genes TSC1 or TSC2, which leads to hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin. Sirolimus slows the decline of lung function, reduces chylous effusions, and shrinks the size of AMLs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sirolimus on circulating LAM cells. METHODS Cells from blood were isolated by a density-gradient fractionation system and from urine and chylous effusions by centrifugation. Blood cells were incubated with anti-CD45-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and anti-CD235a-R-phycoerythrin (PE) antibodies, and urine and chylous effusion cells were incubated with anti-CD44v6-FITC and anti-CD9-R-PE antibodies. Cells were sorted and analyzed for TSC2 LOH. RESULTS LAM cells with TSC2 LOH were identified in 100% of blood specimens and 75% of urine samples from patients before therapy. Over a mean duration of 2.2 ± 0.4 years of sirolimus therapy, detection rates of LAM cells were significantly decreased to 25% in blood (P < .001) and 8% in urine (P = .003). Following therapy, a greater loss of circulating LAM cells was seen in postmenopausal patients (P = .025). CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving sirolimus had a progressive loss of circulating LAM cells that depended on time of treatment and menopausal status.
Electrical stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area for the treatment of intractable proximal tremor.

OBJECT Tremors, including its proximal component, are often refractory to standard thalamic surgery. In the 1960s the posterior part of the subthalamic white matter was reported to be a promising target in treating various forms of tremor, but was also found to be associated with adverse effects. Advances involving a less invasive method, that is, deep brain stimulation (DBS), has led to a reappraisal of this target. METHODS Eight patients with severe essential tremor involving the proximal arm were treated using unilateral stimulation of the posterior part of the subthalamic white matter. The tentative target was situated in the area lateral to the red nucleus and posteromedial to the subthalamic nucleus. Macrostimulation was used to find the optimal site to suppress tremor. Through a quadripolar DBS lead, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were recorded. Improvement of tremor was evaluated based on a modified clinical tremor rating scale. Anatomical locations of all contacts were assessed using stereotactic guidance and represented on the Schaltenbrand-Wahren atlas. CONCLUSIONS A characteristic diphasic pattern of SSEPs reaffirmed the electrophysiological endorsement of this target. Tremors, both proximal and distal, were remarkably improved in all patients. The rate of improvement, as indicated by the total tremor score, was a mean of 81%. Axial tremors in the legs and head were also improved. Most of the contacts associated with remarkable improvement were located in the posterior part of the subthalamic white matter (the zona incerta and prelemniscal radiation). Neither major complications nor neurological deterioration was observed. The authors concluded that DBS of the posterior part of the subthalamic white matter together with SSEP recording is a safe and effective method to ameliorate severe intractable tremors.
NKG2D Signaling between Human NK Cells Enhances TACE-Mediated TNF-α Release

NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) is a strong NK cell–activating receptor, with engagement by ligands triggering granule release and cytokine production. The function of NKG2D signaling in NK cells has largely been studied in the context of engagement of the receptor by ligands expressed on the surface of target cells. We report that upon activation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 human NK cells express NKG2D ligands of the UL16 binding protein family on the cell surface. NKG2D-ligand interaction between cytokine-stimulated NK cells increases the activity of the metalloprotease TNF-α–converting enzyme. This enhanced TNF-α–converting enzyme activity significantly increases the release of TNF-α and UL16 binding protein from the surface of the NK cells. These results demonstrate that NKG2D signaling is critical for maximal TNF-α release by NK cells. Further, they demonstrate a role for NKG2D-ligand interaction via homotypic NK cell contact in NK cell effector function.
Demonstration of the density dependence of x-ray flux in a laser-driven hohlraum.

Experiments have been conducted using laser-driven cylindrical hohlraums whose walls are machined from Ta2O5 foams of 100 mg/cc and 4 g/cc densities. Measurements of the radiation temperature demonstrate that the lower density walls produce higher radiation temperatures than the high density walls. This is the first experimental demonstration of the prediction that this would occur [M. D. Rosen and J. H. Hammer, Phys. Rev. E 72, 056403 (2005)10.1103/PhysRevE.72. 056403]. For high density walls, the radiation front propagates subsonically, and part of the absorbed energy is wasted by the flow kinetic energy. For the lower wall density, the front velocity is supersonic and can devote almost all of the absorbed energy to heating the wall.
An indoor positioning algorithm and its experiment research based on RFID

abstract A kind of indoor locating algorithm based on RFID has been put forward since the indoor positioning system can not fully meet the requirements of location services. The algorithm takes the propagation characteristic of signal as the breakthrough point and improves the positioning precision of the algorithm by means of regional division, regional judgment strategy, virtual node, and so on. The optimal target position of the access point was put forward and an effective analysis of the regional division and virtual node was done along with the robustness design through the experimental analysis. The result of the indoor positioning experiment shows that this algorithm is of high positioning precision, providing technical support for developing the indoor positioning system based on RFID.
Extracting path graphs from vehicle trajectories

In this paper we present an approach for building a graph of drivable paths from the reconstructed trajectories of vehicles detected by lidar and radar sensors mounted in an autonomous car. The perceived objects are tracked, and their trajectories are merged, clustered and labeled with meta information. A graph of the underlying road infrastructure can be generated with this information. We report on the results of testing the validity and accuracy of the method. The generated path graph can be used either to update high precision maps or for generating local temporary maps, both of them useful for autonomous driving.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Followed by CRIPSR/Cas9 Microinjection Results in Highly Efficient Genome Editing in Cloned Pigs

The domestic pig is an ideal “dual purpose” animal model for agricultural and biomedical research. With the availability of genome editing tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and associated nuclease Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9), it is now possible to perform site-specific alterations with relative ease, and will likely help realize the potential of this valuable model. In this article, we investigated for the first time a combination of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and direct injection of CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein complex targeting GRB10 into the reconstituted oocytes to generate GRB10 ablated Ossabaw fetuses. This strategy resulted in highly efficient (100%) generation of biallelic modifications in cloned fetuses. By combining SCNT with CRISPR/Cas9 microinjection, genome edited animals can now be produced without the need to manage a founder herd, while simultaneously eliminating the need for laborious in vitro culture and screening. Our approach utilizes standard cloning techniques while simultaneously performing genome editing in the cloned zygotes of a large animal model for agriculture and biomedical applications.
Posttranslational control of membrane-skeleton (ankyrin and alpha beta- spectrin) assembly in early myogenesis

Adult chicken skeletal muscle cells express polypeptides that are antigenically related to alpha-spectrin (Mr 240,000) and beta-spectrin (Mr 220,000-225,000), the major components of the erythrocyte membrane- skeleton, and to ankyrin (Mr 237,000; also termed goblin in chicken erythrocytes), which binds spectrin to the transmembrane anion transporter in erythrocytes. Comparative immunoblotting of SDS- solubilized extracts of presumptive myoblasts and fully differentiated myotubes cultured in vitro demonstrated that there is a dramatic accumulation of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin during myogenesis and a concomitant switch in the subunit composition of spectrin from alpha gamma to alpha beta. Analysis of early time points in myogenesis (12-96 h) revealed that these changes occur shortly after the main burst of cell fusion. To determine the temporal relationship between cell fusion and the accumulation of ankyrin and alpha- and beta- spectrin, we treated presumptive myoblasts with 2 mM EGTA, which resulted in the complete inhibition of cell fusion. The incorporation of [35S]methionine into total protein and, specifically, into alpha-, gamma-, and beta-spectrin remained the same in EGTA-treated and control cells. Analysis by immunoblotting of the amounts of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin in fusion-blocked cells revealed that there was no effect on accumulation for the first 19 h. However, there was then a dramatic cessation in their accumulation, and thereafter, the amount of each protein at steady state remained constant. Upon release from the EGTA block, the cells fused rapidly (less than 11 h), and the accumulation of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin was reinitiated after a lag period of 3-5 h at a rate similar to that in control cells. The inhibition in the accumulation of newly synthesized ankyrin, alpha- spectrin, and beta-spectrin in EGTA-treated myoblasts was not characteristic of all structural proteins, since the accumulation of the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin was the same in control and fusion-blocked cells. These results show that in myogenesis, the synthesis of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin and their accumulation as a complex, although concurrent, are not coupled events. We hypothesize that the extent of assembly of these components of the membrane-skeleton in muscle cells is determined by a control mechanism(s) operative at the posttranslational level that is triggered near the time of cell fusion and the onset of terminal differentiation.
The effect of social support on quality of life for tinnitus sufferers.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between tinnitus severity, social support and three quality of life measures. BACKGROUND DATA Research into other conditions shows that social support helps achieve positive outcomes and improved quality of life. For tinnitus, research suggests social support does not impact on quality of life outcomes. However, research has been limited and the measures used have mixed tinnitus severity, tinnitus handicap and social support into one measure. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship using separate measures. METHODS One hundred fifty-four tinnitus sufferers (63.7% males, 36.3% females, Age M = 46.4, SD = 14.97) completed the assessment battery. Three sequential multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that social support moderates the effects of tinnitus severity on each of the dependent variables: tinnitus handicap, depression and general well-being. RESULTS The severity of one's tinnitus significantly predicted tinnitus handicap, depression and general well-being, but social support did not moderate the relationship. Social support did have a direct relationship on level of depression and general well-being. CONCLUSION Tinnitus handicaps appear to be unique but tinnitus sufferers do gain significant benefits from social support.
Frozen shoulder. A long-term follow-up.

Sixty-two patients (sixty-eight shoulders) who had been treated non-operatively for idiopathic frozen shoulder were evaluated subjectively and objectively at two years and two months to eleven years and nine months of follow-up (average, seven years). Thirty-one (50 per cent) of these patients still had either mild pain or stiffness of the shoulder, or both. The range of motion averaged 161 degrees of forward flexion, 157 degrees of forward elevation, 149 degrees of abduction, 65 degrees of external rotation, and internal rotation to the level of the fifth thoracic spinous process. Thirty-seven (60 per cent) of the sixty-two patients still demonstrated some restriction of motion as compared with study-generated control values (calculated as the average motion, in each plane, for the thirty-seven unaffected shoulders of the patients who had unilateral disease). Ten patients had restriction of forward flexion; eight, of forward elevation; seventeen, of abduction; twenty-nine, of external rotation; and ten, of internal rotation. However, when the motion of each affected shoulder of thirty-seven patients who had unilateral involvement was compared with that of the unaffected contralateral shoulder, eleven (30 per cent) demonstrated some restriction. None of these patients had restriction of forward flexion; two had restriction of forward elevation; two, of abduction; seven, of external rotation; and seven, of internal rotation. The patients who had substantial restriction in three planes or more were thirteen times more likely to be men (p greater than 0.05). Marked restriction, when it was present, was most commonly in external rotation. Only seven patients (11 per cent) reported mild functional limitation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Localization of Multiple Deep Epileptic Sources in a Realistic Head Model via Independent Component Analysis

Abstract Estimating the location and distribution of current sources within the brain fromelectroencephalographic (EEG) recordings is an ill-posed inverse problem. The ill-posedness of the problem is due to a lack of uniqueness in the solution; that is,di erent con gurations of sources can generate identical external elds. Additionally,the existence of only a nite number of scalp measurements increases the under-determined nature of this problem. Most source localization algorithms attempt tosolve the inverse problem by tting the potentials created on the scalp from multi-ple dipoles to a single time step of EEG measurements. In this paper we consider aspatio-temporal model and exploit the assumption that the EEG signal is composed ofcontributions from statistically independent sources. Under this assumption, we canapply the recently derived blind source separation algorithm (BSS), also referred asto Independent Component Analysis (ICA). This algorithm separates multichannelEEG data into temporally independent activation maps due to stationary sources.For our study, we use a 64 channel EEG recording of a multi-focal epileptic eventand a realistic geometric model of the cranial volume derived from MRI data. Theoriginal ICA algorithm required the number of sources to be equal to the numberof recorded channels and becomes unstable otherwise. In this paper, we propose anovel approach for solving this problem through the reduction of the data subspace.Speci cally, we discard eigenvectors with small eigenvalues from a PCA analysis ofthe data prior to ICA decomposition. Our results show that using these proposedsubspace reduction methods, multi-focal epileptic data can be successfully decom-posed into several independent activation maps. For each activation map we performa separate source localization procedure, looking only for a single dipole using a mul-tistart downhill simplex method. The localized sources are found to be located andoriented at physiologically appropriate positions within the brainii
Stroma is critical for preventing or permitting immunological destruction of antigenic cancer cells

Inoculated immunogenic cancer cells after initial growth are potentially rejected by specific host immunity; however, the outcome of the interaction between host and inoculated cancer cells is a function of multiple factors including the route of inoculation, the number of cells, the density of antigens on the injected cancer cells, and the state of the immune system of the host. In the present study, we have examined a different kind of variable: the stroma that inoculated tumor cells initially reside in. The impetus to examine this factor arises from observations that cancer cells from several lines inoculated as fragments of solid tumors often grow progressively, whereas the same number or more than 10-fold larger numbers of identical type cells injected as a suspension are rejected, even though fragments or suspended cells are both tumorigenic at the same doses in nude mice. In the present studies, we found that: (a) indeed, cancer cells inoculated as fragments were more tumorigenic than cancer cells in suspension; (b) the tumorigenicity of suspended cancer cells was increased by injection of the cells into polyurethane sponge implants; (c) cancer cells were more tumorigenic embedded in syngeneic stroma than in transgenic antigenic stroma expressing the K216 major histocompatibility complex class I antigen; and (d) antigenic, bone marrow-derived, stromal components (presumably passenger leukocytes) were sufficient to cause rejection of immunogenic but antigenically unrelated cancer. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EXTRA‐LYSOSOMAL PROTEOLYSIS AND EXPRESSION OF CALPAINS AND CALPASTATIN IN CULTURED THYROID CELLS

Proteolysis at neutral pH in the soluble fraction of cultured pig thyroid epithelial cells was examined using a synthetic calpain substrate, succinyl‐Leu‐Tyr‐7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin. The Ca2+‐independent proteolytic activity was largely inhibited by substances known to affect cysteine‐ and metalloproteases, whereas no or little effects were obtained with inhibitors affecting serine‐ and aspartic proteases. Addition of Ca2+did not significantly alter the rate of substrate degradation. Biochemical separation via hydrophobic interaction chomatography and Western blotting demonstrated the presence of both m‐calpain (40% of total calpain) and μ‐calpain (60%) in confluent thyrocytes. Determination of calpastatin activity indicated a 30 times higher level of the inhibitor as compared to total calpain activity. Western blotting showed the presence of a 110kD calpastatin form with additional low mol wt forms possibly representing fragmentation products. In immunofluorescent stainings, m‐calpain had a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution whereas μ‐calpain was located both in the cytoplasm and at the cell—cell contacts. Calpastatin immunoreactivity was mainly granular and located close to the nucleus, although a fibrillar distribution was also observed. The results show the presence of all components of the calpain/calpastatin system and indicate a strict control of calpain activity in cultured thyrocytes. The different subcellular distributions of calpains and calpastatin suggests that they are compartmentalized and require mobilization to interact.
A deep research on the chip verification platform based on network

With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, the scale of FPGA increases exponentially, as well as the difficulty in testing. Traditional test methods are expensive, inconvenient and time-consuming due to the lack of controllability and observability. This paper presents a unique chip verification platform based on network, enabling users to program FPGA and verify their designs conveniently from their own terminals. This platform gives consideration to both configurability and observability. It allows researchers to not only configure the number and sequence of bit-stream files and test-bench to be downloaded, but also get the direct output feedback immediately. We integrate JTAG and CF card into our system, thus enhancing the function of the entire system and improving the verification process. We verified the functionality of these two modules, made test patterns in different widths and depths work well in our system, achieved the desired goal in the overall tests, and consequently equipped our system with control- ability and observability.
A Cross-media Sentiment Analytics Platform For Microblog

In this demo, a cross-media public sentiment analysis system is presented. The system presents and visualizes the sentiments of microblog data by organizing the results by region, topic, and content, respectively. Such sentiment is obtained by fusing of sentiment classification scores from both visual and textual channel. In such a way, social multimedia sentiment is shown in a multi-level and user-friendly form.
ARE NETWORK EXTERNALITIES A NEW SOURCE OF MARKET FAILURE

, Vol. 17 1995, Pp. 1-22 S. J. Liebowitz Stephen E. Margolis S. J. Liebowitz: Management School, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083 Stephen E. Margolis: Department of Economics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors thank Lee Craig, Neil Gandal, Craig Newmark, Pierre Regibeau, George Stigler, Richard Zerbe and workshop participants at North Carolina State University. Errors are our own.