Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poorer sleep health is associated with altered brain activation during cognitive control processing in healthy adults

This study investigated how proactive and reactive cognitive control processing in the brain was associated with habitual sleep health. BOLD fMRI data was acquired from 81 healthy adults with normal sleep (41 females, age 20.96 - 39.58 years) during a test of cognitive control (Not-X CPT). Sleep health was assessed in the week before MRI scanning, using both objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures. Multiple measures indicating poorer sleep health - including later/more variable sleep timing, later chronotype preference, more insomnia symptoms and lower sleep efficiency - were associated with stronger and more widespread BOLD activations in fronto-parietal and subcortical brain regions during cognitive control processing (adjusted for age, sex, education, and fMRI task performance). Most associations were found for reactive cognitive control activation, indicating that poorer sleep health is linked to a ‘hyper-reactive’ brain state. Analysis of time-on-task effects showed that, with longer time on task, poorer sleep health was predominantly associated with increased proactive cognitive control activation, indicating recruitment of additional neural resources over time. Finally, shorter objective sleep duration was associated with lower BOLD activation with time on task and poorer task performance. In conclusion, even in ‘normal sleepers’, relatively poorer sleep health is associated with altered cognitive control processing, possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms and / or inefficient neural processing.
Unified control of temporal and spatial scales of sensorimotor behavior through neuromodulation of short-term synaptic plasticity

Neuromodulators such as dopamine have been shown to modulate short-term synaptic plasticity (STP). Here we propose that the neuromodulation of STP provides a general mechanism to scale neural dynamics and motor outputs in time and space. We trained RNNs that incorporated STP to produce complex motor trajectories—handwritten digits—with different temporal (speed) and spatial (size) scales. The learned dynamics underwent temporal and spatial scaling when higher synaptic release probabilities corresponded to higher speed/size. Neuromodulation of STP enhanced temporal or spatial generalization compared to weight modulation alone. The model accounted for the data of two experimental studies involving flexible sensorimotor timing. Our results address a long-standing debate regarding the role of dopamine in timing and predict novel mechanisms by which dopamine may slow down neural dynamics and thus slow “clock” speed.
Expanding the epitranscriptomic RNA sequencing and modification mapping mass spectrometry toolbox with field asymmetric waveform ion mobility and electrochemical elution liquid chromatography

Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA strongly influence RNA structure and function. Recent advances in RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS) methods have identified over 140 of these modifications on a wide variety of RNA species. Most next-generation sequencing approaches can only map one RNA modification at a time, and while MS can assign multiple modifications simultaneously in an unbiased manner, MS cannot accurately catalog and assign RNA modifications in complex biological samples due to limitations in fragment length and coverage depth. Thus, a facile method to identify novel RNA modifications while simultaneously locating them in the context of their RNA sequences is still lacking. We combined two orthogonal modes of RNA ion separation before mass-spectrometry identification: high-field asymmetric ion mobility separation (FAIMS) and electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC). FAIMS RNA-MS increases both coverage and throughput, while the EMLC LC-MS orthogonally separates RNA of different length and charge. The combination of the two methods offers a broadly applicable platform to improve length and depth of MS-based RNA sequencing while providing contextual access to the analysis of RNA modifications.
Comparison of primary frequency control methods for wind turbines based on the doubly fed induction generator

The penetration of large levels of wind energy leads to technical problems affecting the frequency stability of the power system. Naturally, a wind power plant does not provide an inertial response nor does it regulate the system frequency in case of generation-demand imbalance due to the decoupling between the rotor speed and the grid frequency through the electronic converter (AC/DC/AC). This paper reviews, analysis and compares the performance of four control methods based on the modification of the electromagnetic torque set point and one of the mechanical torque. These methods allow that activation of the wind turbine inertia when a frequency deviation occurs, contributing to the regulation of the system frequency similarly to a conventional synchronous generator. However, wind turbines only change their operating point for a limited time and not permanently.
A Window on the Earliest Star Formation: Extreme Photoionization Conditions of a High-ionization, Low-metallicity Lensed Galaxy at z ∼ 2*

We report new observations of SL2S J021737–051329, a lens system consisting of a bright arc at z = 1.84435, magnified ∼17× by a massive galaxy at z = 0.65. SL2S0217 is a low-mass (M < 109 M⊙), low-metallicity (Z ∼ 1/20 Z⊙) galaxy, with extreme star-forming conditions that produce strong nebular UV emission lines in the absence of any apparent outflows. Here we present several notable features from rest-frame UV Keck/LRIS spectroscopy: (1) Very strong narrow emission lines are measured for C iv λλ1548, 1550, He ii λ1640, O iii] λλ1661, 1666, Si iii] λλ1883, 1892, and C iii] λλ1907, 1909. (2) Double-peaked Lyα emission is observed with a dominant blue peak and centered near the systemic velocity. (3) The low- and high-ionization absorption features indicate very little or no outflowing gas along the sight line to the lensed galaxy. The relative emission-line strengths can be reproduced with a very high ionization, low-metallicity starburst with binaries, with the exception of He ii, which indicates that an additional ionization source is needed. We rule out large contributions from active galactic nuclei and shocks to the photoionization budget, suggesting that the emission features requiring the hardest radiation field likely result from extreme stellar populations that are beyond the capabilities of current models. Therefore, SL2S0217 serves as a template for the extreme conditions that are important for reionization and thought to be more common in the early universe.
Theory and practice of sampling and reconstruction for manifolds with boundaries

Surface sampling and reconstruction are used in modeling objects in graphics and digital archiving of mechanical parts in Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Sampling involves collecting 3D points from the surface. Using these point samples, a reconstruction process rebuilds a surface that is topologically equivalent and geometrically close to the original surface. Conditions are imposed on sampling to ensure correct reconstruction. For a special case of manifolds, there are theoretically sound algorithms for sampling and reconstruction. The sampling conditions for such algorithms impose a minimum required sampling density (maximum distance between close samples) to ensure correct reconstruction. In this dissertation, I study the sampling and reconstruction of manifolds with boundaries. For this class of surfaces, I show that the conditions on minimum required sampling density are not sufficient to ensure correct reconstruction if only the point samples are given as input to the reconstruction process. Additional information like the smallest boundary size in a model, though sufficient to ensure correct reconstruction, imposes uniform sampling density throughout the model. In this dissertation, I propose a novel way to use the variation in the sampling density across the surface to encode the presence of a boundary. A sampling condition is proposed based on this approach, and the reconstruction process requires no additional information other than the input set of sample points. The reconstruction algorithm presented in this dissertation for reconstructing manifolds with or without boundaries is shown to be correct, efficient, and easy to implement.
A novel thymidine phosphorylase mutation in a family with Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): Molecular docking, dynamic simulation and computational investigations

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE; OMIM 603041) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder mostly caused by mutations in TYMP gene encoding thymidine phosphorylase (TP) protein that affects the mitochondrial nucleotide metabolism. TP, functionally active as a homodimer, is involved in the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleosides. MNGIE‐like syndrome having an overlapping phenotype of MNGIE was also described and has been associated with mutations in POLG and RRM2B genes. In the present study, we report the molecular investigation of a consanguineous family including two patients with clinical features suggestive of MNGIE syndrome. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out in addition to mtDNA deletion screening and copy number quantification in the blood of the two patients. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing analyses revealed the segregation in the affected family a novel mutation c.1205T>A (p.L402Q) within the exon 9 of the TYMP gene. In addition, mtDNA analysis revealed the absence of mtDNA deletions and a decrease of the copy number in the blood of the two patients of the studied family. The p.Leu402Gln mutation was located in a conserved amino acid within the α/β domain of the TP protein and several software supported its pathogenicity. In addition, and based on docking and molecular dynamic simulation analyses, results revealed that L402Q caused a conformational change in TP mutated structure and could therefore alter its flexibility and stability. These changes prevent also the formation of stable homodimer leading to non‐functional protein with partial or complete loss of its catalytic activity.
Automatic relevance determination for least squares support vector machine regression

In the past automatic relevance determination (ARD) has been applied to multilayer perceptrons in order to select the relevant inputs of the regression problem at hand. This is obtained by inferring different regularization parameters for the input interconnection layer within the evidence framework. In this paper, the idea is extended to least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) for regression by weighting the inputs so as to obtain the most probable model for the given finite number of data points. On the first level of Bayesian inference, a probabilistic framework is related to the LS-SVM regression formulation. The hyper-parameters that control the trade-off between regularization and error minimization are inferred on the second level of inference. Model comparison is performed on the third bevel in order to select the parameters of the kernel function. ARD is performed by introducing a diagonal weighting matrix in the kernel function. These diagonal elements are obtained by evidence maximization on the third level of inference. Inputs with a low scaling in the radial basis function kernel are less relevant and can be removed.
Scale-invariance and scale-breaking in parity-invariant three-dimensional QCD

We present a numerical study of three-dimensional two-color QCD with $N=0, 2, 4, 8$ and 12 flavors of massless two-component fermions using parity-preserving improved Wilson-Dirac fermions. A finite volume analysis provides strong evidence for the presence of $Sp(N)$ symmetry-breaking bilinear condensate when $N \le 2$ and its absence for $N \ge 8$. A weaker evidence for the bilinear condensate is shown for $N=4$. We estimate the critical number of flavors below which scale-invariance is broken by the bilinear condensate to be between $N=4$ and 6.
Extra-pair paternity in the Saffron Finch is related to song peak frequency and body condition

ABSTRACT In many avian species, age, body size, and song could signal quality or individual breeding experience and these traits are often correlated with reproductive success. The relationship between sexually selected signals and avian mating systems is a topic of active research, but still remains poorly investigated in species from southern latitudes. Here, we explored the relationships between body size, condition, age, song and social and genetic reproductive success in Sicalis flaveola pelzelni, a Neotropical thraupid. This socially monogamous species has both age-related changes in song and plumage colouration and extra-pair paternity. When measuring male song we found that a lower peak frequency may be associated with patterns of extra-pair paternity gain by males. We also found that male age may not have a marked effect on paternity assurance. In addition, we found that female body condition appears to influence on the proportion of extra-pair nestlings in females’ nests. We contribute novel data to help bridge the geographic and taxonomic gap in this research field.
How Corporate Entrepreneurship Practices Impact Innovation—A Pilot Study

Corporate entrepreneurship, initially identified in 1971 (Peterson and Berger 1971; Sakhdari 2016), has received increased attention from practitioners and researchers, especially since its emergence as a separate area of innovation in the 1980s (Glinyanova et al. 2021). Corporate innovators have become increasingly interested in disruptive innovation, yet its core principles are not well understood (Christensen et al. 2018). Our research focused on the intersection of corporate entrepreneurship and disruptive innovation. With our own histories and experiences in corporate entrepreneurship rooted in incremental innovation, we were particularly interested in disruptive or transformational innovation. We investigated how established industrial organizations perceive and use corporate entrepreneurship activities for various types of innovation—particularly disruptive or transformational—and how these firms organize their efforts and resources accordingly. Our aim was to determine how established industrial companies practice corporate entrepreneurship to advance innovation. To focus our research scope, we developed four key questions:
Attribute reduction for set-valued data based on D–S evidence theory

It is more difficult to manipulate a set-valued decision information system (SVDIS) than common information system due to its strong uncertainty. D–S evidence theory can accurately express the unknowness and uncertainty of knowledge and information, so it has a strong ability to deal with uncertainty. This paper studies the measurement of uncertainty based on D–S evidence theory in an SVDIS. First, a novel pseudo-distance between two objects in an SVDIS considering decision attributes is proposed, Second, the tolerance relation based on the pseudo-distance is established. And then, the belief and plausibility are defined on the basis of the tolerance relation. Experimental and statistical analysis show that the defined belief and plausibility work well in measuring the uncertainty of an SVDIS. Furthermore, λ-belief, λ-belief significance, λ-plausibility and λ-plausibility significance reduction algorithms based on the defined belief and plausibility are proposed and the equivalence between λ-belief reduction algorithm and λ-plausibility reduction algorithm is proved. Experimental results and statistical tests on six data sets with missing values from UCI show that the proposed reduction algorithms are statistically superior to some state-of-the-art algorithms in classification accuracy. These findings will provide a wider perspective on the uncertainty of an SVDIS.
A network analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms among Chinese nurses in the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Nurses are at high risk for depression and anxiety symptoms after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the network structure of anxiety and depression symptoms among Chinese nurses in the late stage of this pandemic. Method A total of 6,183 nurses were recruited across China from Oct 2020 to Apr 2021 through snowball sampling. We used Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7 (GAD-7) to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. We used the Ising model to estimate the network. The index “expected influence” and “bridge expected influence” were applied to determine the central symptoms and bridge symptoms of the anxiety-depression network. We tested the stability and accuracy of the network via the case-dropping procedure and non-parametric bootstrapping procedure. Result The network had excellent stability and accuracy. Central symptoms included “restlessness”, “trouble relaxing”, “sad mood”, and “uncontrollable worry”. “Restlessness”, “nervous”, and “suicidal thoughts” served as bridge symptoms. Conclusion Restlessness emerged as the strongest central and bridge symptom in the anxiety-depression network of nurses. Intervention on depression and anxiety symptoms in nurses should prioritize this symptom.
Multiplicities and tensor product coefficients for $A_r$

We apply some recent developments ofBaldoni-DeLoera-Vergne on vector partition functions, to Kostant and Steinberg formulas, in the case of $A_r$. We therefore get a fast {\sc Maple} program that computes for $A_r$: the multiplicity $c_{\lambda,\mu}$ of the weight $\mu$ in the representation $V(\lambda)$ of highest weight $\lambda$; the multiplicity $c_{\lambda,\mu,\nu}$ of the representation $V(\nu)$ in $V(\lambda)\otimes V(\mu)$. The computation also gives the locally polynomial functions $c_{\lambda,\mu}$ and $c_{\lambda,\mu,\nu}$.
Effects of non-invasive neurostimulation on autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

Non-invasive neurostimulation techniques (NIBS) have shown benefits in psychiatric conditions. While in ASD patients, no guideline has so-far been recommended on these techniques due to a lack of high-quality synthetic evidence. Here, a comprehensive search from database inception onward was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library. Sham-controlled studies assessing the effects of NIBS in ASD patients were identified. After screening, twenty-two studies were included. A total of 552 patients were involved, and the sample size ranged from 5 to 78 patients. Although an iteration from exploratory attempts to more strictly designed trials has been seen to evaluate the efficacy of NIBS on ASD, further trials should also be needed to enable the clinicians and researchers to reach any consensus. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? ID=CRD42021292434], identifier [CRD42021292434].
Validity and diagnostics of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) in non-demented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients

Background The aim of this study was to explore the construct validity and diagnostic properties of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) in non-demented patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Materials A total of 61 consecutive patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were administered the 36-item RMET. Additionally, patients underwent a comprehensive assessment of social cognition via the Story-Based Empathy Task (SET), which encompasses three subtests targeting Causal Inference, Emotion Attribution (SET-EA), and Intention Attribution (SET-IA), as well as global cognitive [the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS)] and behavioral screening [the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI); the Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS); the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y]. The construct validity of the RMET was tested by regressing it within a stepwise model that encompassed as predictors the abovementioned cognitive and behavioral measures, covarying for demographic and motor confounders. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analyses allowed exploring intrinsic and post-test properties of the RMET both in discriminating patients from HCs and in identifying patients with a defective SET-EA performance. Results The RMET was solely predicted by the SET-EA (p = 0.003) and SET-IA (p = 0.005). RMET scores showed high accuracy both in discriminating patients from HCs (AUC = 0.81) and in identifying patients with a defective SET-EA score (AUC = 0.82), with adequate-to-optimal both intrinsic and post-test properties. Discussion The RMET is a convergently and divergently valid measure of affective social cognition in non-demented ALS patients, also featuring optimal intrinsic and post-test diagnostic properties in both case-control and case-finding scenarios.
5-HT1B receptor agonist enhances breakpoint for cocaine on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule during maintenance of self-administration in female rats but reduces breakpoint for sucrose

Background: Previous research showed that the 5-HT1B receptor agonist CP94253 enhanced cocaine reinforcement rate during maintenance of daily self-administration (SA), but inhibited reinforcement rate after 21 days of abstinence in male rats. Here we examined whether female rats show similar effects of CP94253 during maintenance as males across estrous cycle phases. Methods: Female rats trained on a fixed ratio 5 (FR5) cocaine reinforcement schedule were tested for the effects of CP94253 (5.6 mg/kg, s.c.) on cocaine reinforcement rate during each phase of the estrous cycle, with access to either low (0.075 and 0.1875) or high (0.375 and 0.75) cocaine doses available for 1 h sequentially in descending dose order. Other female and male rats trained on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of cocaine or sucrose reinforcement were tested for CP94253 (0, 3.2, 5.6, and 10 mg/kg, s.c.) effects on reinforcement rate in 3-h sessions. CP94253 effects on responding during sucrose cue-reactivity were also examined post-abstinence. Results: Regardless of sex, CP94253 enhanced breakpoints on the PR schedule during maintenance of cocaine SA but attenuated breakpoints for sucrose reinforcement and decreased responding during sucrose cue-reactivity. FR results showed that CP94253 attenuated cocaine reinforcement rate during all estrous cycle phases except metestrus. Conclusions: Overall, we suggest that CP94253 increased incentive motivation for cocaine during maintenance of SA in female and male rats, yet decreased motivation for sucrose. We also suggest that 5-HT1BRs modulate motivation similarly across sexes except when females are in metestrus.