Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model to Study Replicative Senescence Triggered by Telomere Shortening

In many somatic human tissues, telomeres shorten progressively because of the DNA-end replication problem. Consequently, cells cease to proliferate and are maintained in a metabolically viable state called replicative senescence. These cells are characterized by an activation of DNA damage checkpoints stemming from eroded telomeres, which are bypassed in many cancer cells. Hence, replicative senescence has been considered one of the most potent tumor suppressor pathways. However, the mechanism through which short telomeres trigger this cellular response is far from being understood. When telomerase is removed experimentally in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, telomere shortening also results in a gradual arrest of population growth, suggesting that replicative senescence also occurs in this unicellular eukaryote. In this review, we present the key steps that have contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the establishment of replicative senescence in budding yeast. As in mammals, signals stemming from short telomeres activate the DNA damage checkpoints, suggesting that the early cellular response to the shortest telomere(s) is conserved in evolution. Yet closer analysis reveals a complex picture in which the apparent single checkpoint response may result from a variety of telomeric alterations expressed in the absence of telomerase. Accordingly, the DNA replication of eroding telomeres appears as a critical challenge for senescing budding yeast cells and the easy manipulation of S. cerevisiae is providing insights into the way short telomeres are integrated into their chromatin and nuclear environments. Finally, the loss of telomerase in budding yeast triggers a more general metabolic alteration that remains largely unexplored. Thus, telomerase-deficient S. cerevisiae cells may have more common points than anticipated with somatic cells, in which telomerase depletion is naturally programed, thus potentially inspiring investigations in mammalian cells.
A generic approach for healthcare data anonymization

Nowadays, more and more applications use sensitive and personal information. Subsequently, respecting citizens' privacy is becoming extremely important. Dedicated to this issue, this paper suggests a rigorous approach to define anonymization requirements, as well as how to characterize, select and build solutions. Afterwards, a new generic procedure to anonymize and link identities is presented.
Defining and Measuring Fairness in Financial Contribution to the Health System

One of the challenges common to all social systems is to achieve fairness in the distribution of the financing burden, and protection from the risk of financial loss. For health systems, this goal is of particular importance and especially difficult to achieve due to the catastrophic and unpredictable nature of some expenditures. Societies have long demonstrated a special concern about how health systems are financed. (Behrman 1995;Londono & Frenk 1997;World Health Organization 2000) Much of the public discourse in countries undertaking health sector reform is focused on the design of health system financing and its fairness. (Londono & Frenk 1997; Wagstaff A & Van Doorslaer E 1998) The purpose of this paper is to present a definition, a measure and an index of fairness in financial contribution to the health system. Our notion of fairness is not a concern about the extent to which contributions to the cost of the health system across households redistribute income. Starting from a society’s efforts to redistribute income, there are, nevertheless, important considerations of fairness that we try to define and quantify. Three issues are critical to this concept of fairness: avoiding catastrophic payments by households, horizontal equity and (to some extent) progressivity of contribution. Further, our approach separates financing from utilisation, so that fairness in financial contribution is determined independently of the health status of the individual or household or the use of health services.
Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies to T-Cell Line-Adapted and Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates with a Prime-Boost Vaccine Regimen in Chimpanzees

ABSTRACT Five chimpanzees were immunized by administration of one or more intranasal priming doses of one to three recombinant adenoviruses containing a gp160 insert from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) MN (HIV-1MN) followed by one or more boosts of recombinant HIV-1SF2 gp120 delivered intramuscularly with MF59 adjuvant. This regimen resulted in humoral immune responses in three of five animals. Humoral responses included immunochemically active anti-HIV-1 antibodies (Abs) directed to recombinant gp120 and neutralizing Abs reactive with T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1MNand HIV-1SF2. In addition, neutralizing activity was detected to the two homologous primary isolates and to two of three heterologous primary isolates which, like the immunizing strains, can use CXCR4 as a coreceptor for infection. The three animals with detectable neutralizing Abs and a fourth exhibiting the best cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response were protected from a low-dose intravenous challenge with a cell-free HIV-1SF2 primary isolate administered 4 weeks after the last boost. Animals were rested for 46 weeks and then rechallenged, without a boost, with an eightfold-higher challenge dose of HIV-1SF2. The three animals with persistent neutralizing Abs were again protected. These data show that a strong, long-lived protective Ab response can be induced with a prime-boost regimen in chimpanzees. The data suggest that in chimpanzees, the presence of neutralizing Abs correlates with protection for animals challenged intravenously with a high dose of a homologous strain of HIV-1, and they demonstrate for the first time the induction of neutralizing Abs to homologous and heterologous primary isolates.
Legal aspects of CCTV data de-identification

The paper aims at identifying and investigating legal issues surrounding de-identification of data streams generated by CCTV applications. As a basis for further discussions, the exact subject-matter of legal protection afforded to data (images and sounds) resulting from CCTV operations is pinpointed. Thereafter, legal consequences of de-identification are established. In connection with that, delineation of and delimitation between the terms `de-identification' and `anonymization' is carried out. Moreover, the legal relevance of de-identification's irreversibility is explored, along with technological and legal requirements that the irreversible de-identification must meet, the associated risks and the examples of failed (supposedly irreversible) de-identification exercises from the past. Correspondingly, lessons for the future are drawn and recommendations for rendering de-identification efforts legally compliant are put forward.
Selective inhibition by barbiturates of the synthesis of endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor in the rabbit carotid artery

1 Several lines of evidence suggest that both volatile and intravenous anaesthetics may interfere with the synthesis and release of endothelium‐derived vasoactive factors. We have investigated the effects of three different barbiturates on the release of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in phenylephrine (1 μm)‐preconstricted, endothelium‐intact ring segments of the rabbit carotid artery. The segments were pretreated with the cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor, diclofenac (1 μm), to prevent the formation of vasoactive prostanoids, such as prostacyclin (PGI2). 2 Acetylcholine (ACh) elicited a concentration‐dependent relaxation (EC50 0.15 μm) in control segments which was not significantly different from the relaxant responses of segments pretreated with methohexitone (0.03‐0.3 mM), phenobarbitone (0.1–0.3 mM) or thiopentone (0.1‐0.3 mM). 3 Inhibition of NO synthesis with NG–nitro‐L‐arginine (0.1 mM) significantly reduced the maximum relaxant response to ACh from 96 to 40%. This NO/PGI2‐independent relaxation appeared to be mediated by the release of EDHF, since it was strongly diminished in the presence of the K+ca inhibitors, tetrabutylammonium (1–3 mM) and charybdotoxin (10 nM), following preconstriction with potassium calcium (40 mM) or removal of the endothelium. Thiopentone or methohexitone markedly attenuated the EDHF‐mediated relaxant response to ACh, while phenobarbitone had no effect. The endothelium‐independent relaxation elicited by sodium nitroprusside (0.01 −10 μm), on the other hand, was only marginally affected by these anaesthetics. 4 The cytochrome P450 inhibitor, clotrimazole (3–100 μm), mimicked the inhibitory effect of thiopentone and methohexitone on the NO/PGI2‐independent relaxant response to ACh. Moreover the cytochrome P450‐catalyzed O‐dealkylation of 7‐ethoxycoumarin by rabbit liver microsomes was inhibited in the presence of thiopentone or methohexitone (0.3‐1 mM), while phenobarbitone was without effect. 5 These findings suggest that thiopentone and methohexitone selectively attenuate the EDHF‐mediated relaxant response to ACh in the rabbit carotid artery, presumably by interfering with its synthesis from arachidonic acid via the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway.
Local Expression of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Suppresses Inflammation, Eliminates Shear Stress–Induced Thrombosis, and Prevents Neointima Formation Through Enhanced Nitric Oxide Production in Rabbit Injured Carotid Arteries

Abstract— We previously observed that adenovirus-mediated expression of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) markedly inhibits neointima formation after balloon injury in rat carotid arteries, suggesting that CNP has multiple effects over its modest inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation. We hypothesized that local expression of CNP might have antithrombotic and antiinflammatory effects. Balloon-injured rabbit carotid arteries were infected with an adenovirus expressing human CNP (AdCNP), human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (AdTFPI), or bacterial &bgr;-galactosidase (AdLacZ) or infused with saline. Seven days later, shear stress–induced thrombosis was evaluated by cyclic flow variation (CFV), reflecting recurrent cycles of thrombus formation and dislodgment. CFV was observed in all AdLacZ-infected and saline-infused arteries but not in arteries infected with AdCNP or AdTFPI even in the presence of epinephrine. Injury increased the expressions of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and infiltration of macrophages. However, these effects were markedly reduced in AdCNP-treated arteries but not in AdTFPI-infected ones. In AdCNP-infected arteries, injury-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was enhanced, leading to increased NO generation. Interestingly, when the enhanced NO production was inhibited, neither inhibitory effect was observed, and suppression of neointima formation by CNP was canceled. Our study demonstrates that overexpression of CNP shows antithrombotic and antiinflammatory effects and reduces neointima formation mainly through enhanced NO production.
A 5.8 nW 9.1-ENOB 1-kS/s Local Asynchronous Successive Approximation Register ADC for Implantable Medical Device

This brief presents a 10-bits successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a sampling rate of 1 kS/s for implantable medical devices. This ADC is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process in which leakage current will be a key design parameter. It imposes the highest degree of simplicity in the design of the ADCs architecture. Thus, the transistor count is minimized, which reduces not only the active power, but also the number of leakage sources. The modified top-plate Vcm -based switching offers energy efficient switching at the capacitive-DAC (CDAC) and uses simple control logic. In addition, the proposed asymmetrical metal-oxide-metal capacitor reduces the size of the CDAC by 90% for a given gain error. Furthermore, the input referred offset voltage of the dynamic comparator can be improved by the top-plate Vcm-based switching method at system level without using any additional transistor. The other building blocks are also simplified for lower power consumption. This ADC occupies an area of 0.046 mm2. At 0.9 V and 1 kS/s, the 10-bits ADC consumes 5.8 nW, in which, 2.34 nW is contributed by leakage power consumption. The ADC achieves 9.1-ENOB and an energy efficiency of 10.94-fJ/conversion step.
Reliability of the RUST Score for the Assessment of Union in Simple Diaphyseal Tibial Fractures

th weeks, from the initial day of scoring, without revealing patients identity or fracture duration. Finally to check the reliability of RUST score, Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was measured. Results: Overall agreement was statistically significant. The test-retest reliability was statistically significant, having value of 0.87, 0.95, 0.94, 0.98 and 0.97 respectively at each follow-up. The overall inter as well as intra-observer reliability of RUST score was collectively significant at each follow-up. Conclusions: The RUST score shows substantial improvements in reliability and produces reproducible results, either scored by an orthopaed ican or a radiologist.
Estado actual de los sistemas e-learning.

En este numero especial de la revista Teoria de la Educacion. Educacion y Cultura en la Sociedad de la Informacion se abordan diferentes aspectos relacionados con los sistemas de formacion electronica, mas conocidos como sistemas de e-formacion o sistemas e-learning, desde distintos puntos de vista, que intentan reflejar el ? mestizaje? cientifico que se presenta en este campo, y asi dibujar un mapa actual del mismo, que incluya investigacion y uso, con sus puntos fuertes y, especialmente, con sus areas de mejora.
UserScope: A Fine-Grained Framework for Collecting Energy-Related Smartphone User Contexts

To prolong the battery lifetime of modern mobile devices, the energy management policy should be developed in a personalized way, adequately reflecting user context or the energy behavior of the user. The first step toward this personalization is to collect the relevant information, accurately and efficiently, from the device. This paper presents a fine-grained and low-overhead framework, called UserScope, which is designed to collect energy-related user contexts in Android smartphones. We classified energy-related smart phone usage and designed an appropriate set of monitoring parameters to collect from the system. The UserScope core is then implemented as a kernel module to collect all the necessary information in an event-driven manner. This kernel-level implementation ensures monitoring accuracy and low system overhead. UserScope also provides a data-sharing mechanism with which other software components in the system can easily interface. Our experiments show that User Scope accurately extracts energy related system information with 0.8% CPU overhead. The practicality of UserScope is also validated with real deployment and subsequent analysis of the collected data.
Creative compounding in English

Metaphorical and metonymical compounds – novel and lexicalised ones alike – are remarkably abundant in language. Yet how can we be sure that when using an expression such as land fishing in order to speak about metal detecting, the referent will be immediately understood even if the hearer had not been previously familiar with the compound? Accordingly, this book sets out to explore whether the semantics of metaphorical and metonymical noun–noun combinations can be systematically analysed within a theoretical framework, where systematicity pertains to regularities in both the cognitive processes and the products of these processes, that is, the compounds themselves. Backed up by recent psycholinguistic evidence, the book convincingly demonstrates that such compounds are not semantically opaque as it has been formerly claimed: they can in fact be analysed and accounted for within a cognitive linguistic framework, by the combined application of metaphor, metonymy, blending, profile determinacy and schema theory; and represent the creative and associative word formation processes that we regularly apply in everyday language.
NO modulates myocardial O2consumption in the nonhuman primate: an additional mechanism of action of amlodipine.

Recent evidence from our laboratory and others suggests that nitric oxide (NO) is a modulator of in vivo and in vitro oxygen consumption in the murine and canine heart. Therefore, the goal of our study was twofold: to determine whether NO modulates myocardial oxygen consumption in the nonhuman primate heart in vitro and to evaluate whether the seemingly cardioprotective actions of amlodipine may involve an NO-mediated mechanism. Using a Clark-type O2 electrode, we measured oxygen consumption in cynomologous monkey heart at baseline and after increasing doses of S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP; 10-7-10-4M), bradykinin (10-7-10-4M), ramiprilat (10-7-10-4M), and amlodipine (10-7-10-5M). SNAP (-38 ± 5.8%), bradykinin (-19 ± 3.9%), ramiprilat (-28 ± 2.3%), and amlodipine (-23 ± 4.5%) each caused significant ( P < 0.05) reductions in myocardial oxygen consumption at their highest dose. Preincubation of tissue with nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10-4 M) blunted the effects of bradykinin (-5.4 ± 3.2%), ramiprilat (-4.8 ± 5.0%), and amlodipine (-5.3 ± 5.0%) but had no effect on the tissue response to SNAP (-38 ± 5.8%). Our results indicate that NO can reduce oxygen consumption in the primate myocardium in vitro, and they support a role for the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine as a modulator of myocardial oxygen consumption via a kinin-NO mediated mechanism.
Semi-supervised Random Forest for Intrusion Detection Network

In order to protect valuable computer systems, network data needs to be analyzed and classified so that possible network intrusions can be detected. Machine learning techniques have been used to classify network data. For supervised machine learning methods, they can achieve high accuracy at classifying network data as normal or malicious, but they require the availability of fully labeled data. Semi-supervised machine learning methods, however, can use a small number of labeled examples and train a large number of examples without label. In this research, we explore the use of semi-supervised Random Forest in classifying network data and intrusion detection. It was used to classify the Third International Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Tools Competition dataset (KDD 1999) and the result were compared with the results of using the supervised methods of Random Forest. The results were also compared with those using ladder network, an approach which combines unsupervised neural networks, in classifying KDD 1999.
A FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGEMENT OF SECURE AND ADAPTIVE WORKFLOWS

In this paper, we propose a framework for secure composition and management of time based work flows. The proposed framework allows communication and sharing of information among predefined or ad hoc team of users collaborating with each other in the time critical workflow applications. A key requirement for such applications is to provide the right data to the right person at the right time. In addition, the workflow needs to be adapted if a subtask of a workflow cannot be executed within the due time. The proposed framework supports GTRBAC based workflow specification and allows dynamic adaptation of workflow instances depending on the execution status of workflow tasks and environmental context. Adaptations in a workflow may include rescheduling of component tasks, reassignment of users to the scheduled tasks, or abortion of component tasks that cannot be completed under the current system state. We propose an integer programming based approach for finding the best possible adaptation according to the pre-defined optimality criterion.
Impact of mobility on MIMO green wireless systems

This paper studies the impact of mobility on the power consumption of wireless networks. With increasing mobility, we show that the network should dedicate a non negligible fraction of the useful rate to estimate the different degrees of freedom. In order to keep the rate constant, we quantify the increase of power required for several cases of interest. In the case of a point to point MIMO link, we calculate the minimum transmit power required for a target rate and outage probability as a function of the coherence time and the number of antennas. Interestingly, the results show that there is an optimal number of antennas to be used for a given coherence time and power consumption. This provides a lower bound limit on the minimum power required for maintaining a green network.
Full-Length Genomic Analysis of Korean Porcine Sapelovirus Strains

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV), a species of the genus Sapelovirus within the family Picornaviridae, is associated with diarrhea, pneumonia, severe neurological disorders, and reproductive failure in pigs. However, the structural features of the complete PSV genome remain largely unknown. To analyze the structural features of PSV genomes, the full-length nucleotide sequences of three Korean PSV strains were determined and analyzed using bioinformatic techniques in comparison with other known PSV strains. The Korean PSV genomes ranged from 7,542 to 7,566 nucleotides excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail, and showed the typical picornavirus genome organization; 5′untranslated region (UTR)-L-VP4-VP2-VP3-VP1-2A-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D-3′UTR. Three distinct cis-active RNA elements, the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5′UTR, a cis-replication element (CRE) in the 2C coding region and 3′UTR were identified and their structures were predicted. Interestingly, the structural features of the CRE and 3′UTR were different between PSV strains. The availability of these first complete genome sequences for PSV strains will facilitate future investigations of the molecular pathogenesis and evolutionary characteristics of PSV.
Diurnal rhythms in intraocular pressure, axial length, and choroidal thickness in a primate model of eye growth, the common marmoset.

PURPOSE In chickens, there are circadian rhythms in axial length, choroidal thickness, and intraocular pressure (IOP), the phases of which differ, depending on visual manipulations that alter ocular growth rate. In this study, these same rhythms were sought in the common marmoset, a primate model of eye growth, to establish whether these may play a role in ocular growth regulation across species. METHODS IOP was measured by applanation tonometry in 14 untreated marmosets ranging in age from 24 to 259 days. High-frequency A-scan ultrasonography was used to measure ocular dimensions (axial length and choroidal thickness) in 12 marmosets ranging in age from 24 to 572 days. Four monkeys were measured when they were juveniles (<110 days of age) and again later, when they were adolescents. Measurements were typically made at 12-hour intervals, although three animals were measured at 6-hour intervals. Nine monkeys had both IOP and axial dimensions measured in the same experiment. RESULTS There was a diurnal rhythm in IOP in the marmosets: IOP was higher during the dark period and lower during the light period (mean change, 3.6 mm Hg; P < 0.005). There were also rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness. The rhythm in axial length was dependent on age, with faster-growing eyes of juveniles increasing in length during the day and decreasing at night (+25 microm vs. -22 microm; P < 0.001) and slower-growing eyes of adolescents showing the opposite pattern (-27 microm vs. +46 microm; P < 0.0001). The choroid thickened during the night and thinned during the day, at all ages measured (+19 microm vs. -16 microm; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Diurnal rhythms in IOP, axial length, and choroidal thickness exist in primates. Age-related differences in the phase relationships of these rhythms may be associated with differences in the rates of ocular growth.