Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Receptor tyrosine kinases expressed in metastatic colon cancer

Using a PCR‐based cloning technique, we have isolated a series of DNA fragments coding for tyrosine kinases that are expressed in a metastatic human colon tumor, and have subsequently analyzed their expression pattern at the protein level in human tumors. We identified both the α and the β forms of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), axl and 8 other genes, including 3 cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. To study their expression in human colon cancer, we performed Western blots of matched sets of normal tissues and of carcinomas from the same patient. These revealed that the α‐PDGFR migrates predominantly as a 200‐kDa band in 8/8 normal tissues, and as a 170‐kDa band in 17/17 malignant tissues, as well as in colonic polyps, suggesting that expression of an isoform of this receptor may be a marker for the progression of colon cancer. Additional studies showed that the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase was expressed at 10‐fold higher levels in a peritoneal metastatic nodule than in other normal and malignant tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed Axl over‐expression specifically in the malignant cells of the tumor. This indicates that over‐expression and possibly a differential processing event of tyrosine kinase receptors may be involved in colon cancer, and that they are potential markers for the progression of this disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Arenaviruses and Lethal Mutagenesis. Prospects for New Ribavirin-based Interventions

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) has contributed to unveil some of the molecular mechanisms of lethal mutagenesis, or loss of virus infectivity due to increased mutation rates. Here we review these developments, and provide additional evidence that ribavirin displays a dual mutagenic and inhibitory activity on LCMV that can be relevant to treatment designs. Using 5-fluorouracil as mutagenic agent and ribavirin either as inhibitor or mutagen, we document an advantage of a sequential inhibitor-mutagen administration over the corresponding combination treatment to achieve a low LCMV load in cell culture. This advantage is accentuated in the concentration range in which ribavirin acts mainly as an inhibitor, rather than as mutagen. This observation reinforces previous theoretical and experimental studies in supporting a sequential inhibitor-mutagen administration as a possible antiviral design. Given recent progress in the development of new inhibitors of arenavirus replication, our results suggest new options of ribavirin-based anti-arenavirus treatments.
Testosterone induces dilation of canine coronary conductance and resistance arteries in vivo.

BACKGROUND Although estrogens have been shown to be vasoactive hormones, the vascular effects of testosterone are not well defined. Like estrogen, testosterone causes relaxation of isolated rabbit coronary arterial segments. We examined the vasodilator effects of testosterone in vivo in the coronary circulation and the potential mechanisms of its actions. METHODS AND RESULTS Using simultaneous intravascular two-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound, we examined the effect of intracoronary testosterone in coronary conductance and resistance arteries in 10 anesthetized dogs (5 male, 5 female). We also assessed the contribution of NO, prostaglandins, ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and classic estrogen receptors to testosterone-induced vasodilation. Testosterone induced a significant increase in cross-sectional area, average coronary peak flow velocity, and calculated volumetric coronary blood flow at the 0.1 and 1 mumol/L concentrations. This effect was independent of sex. Pretreatment with N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester to block NO synthesis decreased testosterone-induced increase in cross-sectional area, average coronary peak flow velocity, and coronary blood flow. Pretreatment with glybenclamide to assess the role of ATP-sensitive K+ channels did not influence testosterone-induced dilation in epicardial arteries but did attenuate its effect in the microcirculation. Pretreatment with indomethacin or the classic estrogen-receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 did not alter testosterone-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS Short-term administration of testosterone induces a sex-independent vasodilation in coronary conductance and resistance arteries in vivo. Acute testosterone-induced coronary vasodilation of epicardial and resistance vessels is mediated in part by endothelium-derived NO. ATP-sensitive K+ channels appear to play a role in the vasodilatory effect of testosterone in resistance arteries.
Kaempferol Inhibits Angiogenesis and VEGF Expression Through Both HIF Dependent and Independent Pathways in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells

Ovarian cancer is 1 of the most significant malignancies in the Western world, and the antiangiogenesis strategy has been postulated for prevention and treatment of ovarian cancers. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid present in many fruits and vegetables. The antiangiogenesis potential of kaempferol and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in two ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70. Kaempferol mildly inhibits cell viability but significantly reduces VEGF gene expression at mRNA and protein levels in both ovarian cancer cell lines. In chorioallantoic membranes of chicken embryos, kaempferol significantly inhibits OVCAR-3-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth. HIF-1α, a regulator of VEGF, is downregulated by kaempferol treatment in both ovarian cancer cell lines. Kaempferol also represses AKT phosphorylation dose dependently at 5 to 20 μM concentrations. ESRRA is a HIF-independent VEGF regulator, and it is also downregulated by kaempferol in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, this study demonstrated that kaempferol is low in cytotoxicity but inhibits angiogenesis and VEGF expression in human ovarian cancer cells through both HIF-dependent (Akt/HIF) and HIF-independent (ESRRA) pathways and deserves further studies for possible application in angio prevention and treatment of ovarian cancers.
Exploration of the origin of random error in spectrum intensity measured with THz-TDS

We explored an origin of the random error in intensity spectra measured with THz-TDS. The optical-delay scanning, variations in temperature and humidity, the intensity fluctuation of fs-laser, and the THz detectors of LT-GaAs PC antenna and ZnTe EO-crystal are not the predominant origin of the random error.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Cuffed Oropharyngeal Airway and the Laryngeal Mask Airway in Spontaneously Breathing Anesthetized Adults

Background The cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA), a modified Guedel airway, was compared with the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during spontaneous breathing anesthesia. Specifically examined were ease of use, physiologic tolerance, and the frequency of problems. Methods Adult patients consented to random (2:1) assignment to either COPA (n = 302) or LMA (n = 151) for airway management during anesthesia with propofol, nitrous oxide, and oxygen. Results Ease of insertion was similar, but the first‐time successful insertion rate was higher with the LMA (COPA, 81% compared with LMA, 89%; P = 0.05). More brief manipulations (head tilt, chin lift, jaw thrust) were reported in the COPA group (average total number of manipulations: COPA, 1.1 +/‐ 1.6 compared with LMA, 0.1 +/‐ 0.2; P <0.001). Continuous airway support was used more frequently in the COPA group (COPA, 30% compared with LMA, 0%; P < 0.0005). The incidences of aspiration, regurgitation, laryngospasm, wheezing, succinylcholine administration, oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 92%, failed use, and minor intraoperative problems were similar. When the airways were removed, blood was detected on the COPA less frequently than on the LMA (COPA, 5.8% compared with LMA, 15.3%; P = 0.001). The incidence of early and late sore throat was greater with the LMA (early: COPA, 4.7% compared with LMA, 21.9% [P = 0.001]; late: COPA, 8.4% compared with LMA, 16.1%; P = 0.01). The LMA did better than the COPA when anesthetists analyzed the technical aspects of the two devices. Conclusions Although the COPA and LMA are equivalent devices in terms of physiologic alterations and overall clinical problems associated with their use, the LMA was associated with a higher first‐time insertion rate and fewer manipulations, suggesting that it is easier to use. The COPA was associated with less blood on the device and fewer sore throats, suggesting it may cause less pharyngeal trauma. Ultimately, both devices were similar in establishing a safe and effective airway for spontaneously breathing anesthetized adults.
Fingerprint Quality Assessment Combining Blind Image Quality, Texture and Minutiae Features

Biometric sample quality assessment approaches are generally designed in terms of utility property due to the potential difference between human perception of quality and the biometric quality requirements for a recognition system. This study proposes a utility based quality assessment method of fingerprints by considering several complementary aspects: 1) Image quality assessment without any reference which is consistent with human conception of inspecting quality, 2) Textural features related to the fingerprint image and 3) minutiae features which correspond to the most used information for matching. The proposed quality metric is obtained by a linear combination of these features and is validated with a reference metric using different approaches. Experiments performed on several trial databases show the benefit of the proposed fingerprint quality metric.
Casualty Estimates in Two Up‐Dip Complementary Himalayan Earthquakes

ABSTRACT Recent Himalayan earthquakes have ruptured only the down‐dip part of the underthrusting fault plane, bringing the respective up‐dip sections closer to failure by transferring stress. We estimate the losses likely when the complementary up‐dip sections also fail following the 1947 M 7.9 Subansiri and the 1905 M 7.8 Kangra down‐dip ruptures. We estimate that the population strongly affected (intensities ≥VI) may number 12 million and 33 million in the 1947 and the 1905 up‐dip segments, respectively. The number of fatalities is estimated to be about 100,000 and 200,000 in the 1947 and 1905 up‐dip segments, respectively, with an estimated three times as many injured. We assess the uncertainties of these values to be factors of ∼4, unless larger earthquakes, including neighboring segments are involved, in which case the casualties would be significantly larger.
Determinants of online information search: a critical review and assessment

Developments in electronic technology are changing the way business is normally done. This paper investigates how Internet technology reshapes consumer behavior, specifically in online information search. While information search has been a major research stream in the consumer behavior literature, online search for product/service information is a relatively new area. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for studying the determinants of online information search. Since information search online is a precursor to online purchase, an in‐depth understanding of how consumers gather information online is critical to Internet business success.
Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice–Evidence‐Based Approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Seventh Special Issue

The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Journal of Clinical Apheresis (JCA) Special Issue Writing Committee is charged with reviewing, updating, and categorizing indications for the evidence‐based use of therapeutic apheresis in human disease. Since the 2007 JCA Special Issue (Fourth Edition), the Committee has incorporated systematic review and evidence‐based approaches in the grading and categorization of apheresis indications. This Seventh Edition of the JCA Special Issue continues to maintain this methodology and rigor to make recommendations on the use of apheresis in a wide variety of diseases/conditions. The JCA Seventh Edition, like its predecessor, has consistently applied the category and grading system definitions in the fact sheets. The general layout and concept of a fact sheet that was used since the fourth edition has largely been maintained in this edition. Each fact sheet succinctly summarizes the evidence for the use of therapeutic apheresis in a specific disease entity. The Seventh Edition discusses 87 fact sheets (14 new fact sheets since the Sixth Edition) for therapeutic apheresis diseases and medical conditions, with 179 indications, which are separately graded and categorized within the listed fact sheets. Several diseases that are Category IV which have been described in detail in previous editions and do not have significant new evidence since the last publication are summarized in a separate table. The Seventh Edition of the JCA Special Issue serves as a key resource that guides the utilization of therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of human disease. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:149–162, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanisms of Reduced Maternal and Fetal Lopinavir Exposure in a Rat Model of Gestational Diabetes

Lopinavir (LPV) is the preferred HIV protease inhibitor in pregnancy, but it is unknown if gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects its disposition. Hepatic protein expression and plasma protein binding are altered in rodent models of GDM. Because LPV is influenced by hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes and is highly protein bound, it was hypothesized that streptozotocin-induced GDM would alter its disposition. Maternal and fetal tissues were collected from GDM rats and controls 45 min after LPV injection. In another cohort, fetuses were serially extracted 5 to 60 min after injection. LPV was quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Expression of relevant transporters, such as Multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mdr1), and cytochrome P450 3a2 (Cyp3a2), which metabolizes LPV in rodents, was measured in maternal liver via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Expression of relevant transporters also was measured in placenta via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Protein binding was determined by ultrafiltration. Relative to controls, we observed dramatically reduced maternal and fetal LPV exposure in GDM. Compared with controls, maternal hepatic Mdr1 and Cyp3a2 were up-regulated, and protein binding was reduced in the GDM group. Increased Mdr1- and Cyp3a2-mediated hepatobiliary clearance, coupled with a larger unbound LPV fraction, is likely to have facilitated hepatic elimination, thereby decreasing maternal and fetal exposure. Not surprisingly, up-regulation of Mdr1 and Cyp3a2's transcriptional regulator, pregnane X receptor, was demonstrated in maternal liver via Western blot analysis. Up-regulation of Mdr1 in placentas isolated from the GDM group likely also contributed to decreased fetal exposure to LPV. This study provides preclinical support for an as yet unreported drug-disease (LPV-GDM) interaction.
Development of magnitude processing in children with developmental dyscalculia: space, time, and number

Developmental dyscalculia (DD) is a learning disorder associated with impairments in a preverbal non-symbolic approximate number system (ANS) pertaining to areas in and around the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). The current study sought to enhance our understanding of the developmental trajectory of the ANS and symbolic number processing skills, thereby getting insight into whether a deficit in the ANS precedes or is preceded by impaired symbolic and exact number processing. Recent work has also suggested that humans are endowed with a shared magnitude system (beyond the number domain) in the brain. We therefore investigated whether children with DD demonstrated a general magnitude deficit, stemming from the proposed magnitude system, rather than a specific one limited to numerical quantity. Fourth graders with DD were compared to age-matched controls and a group of ability-matched second graders, on a range of magnitude processing tasks pertaining to space, time, and number. Children with DD displayed difficulties across all magnitude dimensions compared to age-matched peers and showed impaired ANS acuity compared to the younger, ability-matched control group, while exhibiting intact symbolic number processing. We conclude that (1) children with DD suffer from a general magnitude-processing deficit, (2) a shared magnitude system likely exists, and (3) a symbolic number-processing deficit in DD tends to be preceded by an ANS deficit.
Artemether and lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa

Introduction: WHO Treatment Guidelines recommend that artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Artemether plus lumefantrine (AL) is currently approved in 86 countries, with 30 of the 47 sub-Saharan African countries using it as first-line therapy, and 8 as second-line therapy. The dispersible formulation of AL that facilitates administration to infants and children, being simpler for caregivers to prepare and administer than crushed tablets, and easier for sick children and infants to take is discussed. Areas covered: A descriptive summary of available literature from sub-Saharan Africa demonstrates consistently high efficacy and safety for over a decade, with the majority of reported 28-day PCR-corrected cure rates being above 95%. Expert opinion: AL is an important antimalarial that will play a major role as countries move towards the elimination of malaria. Further advances in best practice of ACT use will come through strategies to prolong the longevity of ACTs, improved access to ACTs, new data on the use of ACTs in pregnancy, asymptomatic patients and novel paediatric formulations.
The Assisting Hand Assessment: current evidence of validity, reliability, and responsiveness to change

The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) provides a new perspective of hand function evaluation relevant for children with unilateral upper limb disabilities. It measures how effectively the involved hand is actually used for bimanual activity, which, for these children, might be the most important aspect of their hand function. The aim of this paper is to report the conceptual framework and the evidence for validity, reliability, and responsiveness to change for the measures. Previously, the AHA has been evaluated for children aged 18 months to 5 years and excellent inter‐ and intrarater reliability was demonstrated. This paper reports further evidence of construct validity and reliability for the AHA measures involving an extended age range of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy or obstetric brachial plexus palsy from 18 months to 12 years of age (mean age 4y 11mo [SD 2y 9mo] range 18mo–12y 8mo). A Rasch measurement model was used to analyze 409 assessments from 303 children (170 males, 133 females). The analysis generated a scale demonstrating large capacity to reliably separate and spread personal ability measures, indicating sensitivity to change and a hierarchy of the items ranging them from easy to hard. Aspects of item fit, relationship between age and ability measures, and development of assisting hand function are discussed.
Analyzing Artificial Emotion in Game Characters Using Soft Computing

— This paper describes a simulation model for analyzing artificial emotion injected to design the game characters. Most of the game storyboard is interactive in nature and the virtual characters of the game are equipped with an individual personality and dynamic emotion value which is similar to real life emotion and behavior. The uncertainty in real expression, mood and behavior is also exhibited in game paradigm and this is focused in the present paper through a fuzzy logic based agent and storyboard. Subsequently, a pheromone distribution or labeling is presented mimicking the behavior of social insects.
Unsupervised Stylistic Segmentation of Poetry with Change Curves and Extrinsic Features

The identification of stylistic inconsistency is a challenging task relevant to a number of genres, including literature. In this work, we carry out stylistic segmentation of a well-known poem, The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot, which is traditionally analyzed in terms of numerous voices which appear throughout the text. Our method, adapted from work in topic segmentation and plagiarism detection, predicts breaks based on a curve of stylistic change which combines information from a diverse set of features, most notably co-occurrence in larger corpora via reduced-dimensionality vectors. We show that this extrinsic information is more useful than (within-text) distributional features. We achieve well above baseline performance on both artificial mixed-style texts and The Waste Land itself.
Semi uniform segmentation technique in headway model on vehicles communication

In DSRC Consortium, a vehicle in the VANET network must be able to communicate with other vehicles with transmission range 10 seconds. Segmentation technique is a technique that divides the distance of the communication transmission range of a vehicle into several segments and do not overlap. There are two segmentation techniques namely uniform and non- uniform. However it does not answer the problem that the vehicle is a node with a very high mobility which can move quickly between segments. It requires the probability of packet collisions between vehicles should be same in each segment. Thus, this study makes a modeling segmentation technique which adopts modeling headway Distribution Semi Poisson which is called semi-uniform segmentation technique. This technique is expected to give boundaries in communication segment vehicles which can answer these problems. This study used several parameters such as traffic volume, speed data rate, and 3 VANET applications namely electronic emergency brake light (EEBL), approaching emergency vehicle (AEV) and traffic information (TI). The volume of traffic is divided into two, namely 300 vehicles/hour (low traffic) and 1,500 vehicles/hour (high traffic) while speed of the data rate is divided into two, 3 Mbps and 6 Mbps.
Identification of new miRNA biomarkers associated with HER2-positive breast cancers

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed/amplified in ∼30% breast cancers which are associated with poor prognosis. microRNAs are small non-coding RNA which play an important role in many physiological conditions including cancer. Here we screened and identified many miRNAs which are dysregulated by HER2 overexpression. In line with our quantitative PCR analysis data, in silico analysis of microRNA expression profiles of 1302 breast tumors revealed that miR-146a-5p is up-regulated and miR-181d and miR-195-5p are down-regulated in HER2-positive tumors. Furthermore, the expression levels of these microRNAs can significantly predict patient survival and thus potentially serve as new prognostic markers for HER2-positive breast cancer.
Segmenting Single Actions from Continuous Captured Motion Sequences

Single action segmentation is very important for the application of motion capture technique in many domains. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised approach to segment single actions from continuous captured motion sequences. The proposed method works by firstly finding the underlying structure of the input motion sequence. Consequently a point cloud of pairwise posture similarity matrix is constructed from the underlying structure found by PCA dimensionality reduction. By discovering the similar short clips of homogenous motion families, single actions could be segmented from the input continuous motion sequence. Experiments show that our approach works well.