Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pinhole SPECT of mice using the LumaGEM gamma camera

LumaGEM is a newly developed gamma camera for dedicated, small field of view, high spatial resolution imaging. The system consists of an array of 2/spl times/2/spl times/6 mm/sup 3/ NaI(Tl) pixels coupled to an array of position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. It has a 125/spl times/125 mm/sup 2/ field of view. A pinhole collimator was used on LumaGEM to acquire SPECT images of mice that had transgenic modifications so as to model various diseases. Pinhole apertures of 1, 2 and 3 mm are interchangeable on the collimator and were used to acquire images. An iterative MLEM algorithm for pinhole SPECT was used to reconstruct the 128 projection images that covered 360/spl deg/ rotation. The reconstruction algorithm is based on a projector and backprojector pair implemented using a ray-tracing algorithm. The crucial reconstruction input parameters are the radius of rotation, center of rotation, and pinhole focal length. Ideal pinhole geometry is assumed, and no correction for attenuation has been made. The preliminary images presented here show detailed uptake in the mice subjects and are a convincing sign that animal SPECT can reach submillimeter spatial resolution and be a valuable tool in the study of diseases and the development of pharmaceuticals in animal models.
Determination of Jupiter's electron density profile from plasma wave observations

This paper summarizes the electron density measurements obtained in the Jovian magnetosphere from the plasma wave instruments on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft. Three basic techniques are discussed for determining the electron density: (1) local measurements from the low-frequency cutoff of continuum radiation, (2) local measurements from the frequency of upper hybrid resonance emissions, and (3) integral measurements from the dispersion of whistlers. The limitations and advantages of each technique are critically reviewed. In all cases the electron densities are unaffected by spacecraft charging or sheath effects, which makes these measurements of particular importance for verifying in situ plasma and low-energy charged particle measurments. In the outer regions of the dayside magnetosphere, beyond about 40 R/sub J/, the electron densities range from about 3 x 10/sup -3/ to 3 x 10/sup -2/ cm/sup -3/. On Voyager 2, several brief excursions apparently occurred into the low-density region north of the plasma sheet with densities less than 10/sup -3/ cm/sup -3/. Approaching the planet the electron density gradually increases, with the plasma frequency extending above the frequency range of the plasma wave instrument (56 kHz, or about 38 electrons cm/sup -3/) inside of about 8 R/sub J/. Within the high-density regionmore » of the Io plasma torus, whistlers provide measurements of the north-south scale height of the plasma torus, with scale heights ranging from about 0.9 to 2.5 R/sub J/. « less
Board structure and bank performance: Evidence from Ethiopia

Abstract This study aims to examine whether board structure (board size, board composition, CEO duality, and board gender diversity) is associated with bank performance. To do so, the study makes use of panel data of 14 commercial banks in Ethiopia covering a 9-year period during 2011–2019 which results in 126 bank-year observations. The findings of the study show that board composition (BCOMP) and board gender diversity (FDIRS) have positive and significant impacts on bank performance. This implies that the increase in the proportion of independent directors and female board members in the board room increases bank performance. On the other hand, the results reveal that board size (BSIZE) and CEO duality (DUAL) decrease bank performance: Both of these variables have significantly negative effects on bank performance. This means that bank performance decreases as the number of board of directors increases. Also, bank performance decreases when a single individual is jointly responsible for the CEO position with the board of directors as well as board chairperson responsibilities. The results suggest that the board has a considerable role in the Ethiopian bank governance. Hence, the results could benefit policy experts and regulators to formulate policies on recuperating board governance.
Feedback control of structurally radiated sound into enclosed spaces using structural sensing

A technique is developed that addresses sensor and actuator placement and feedback control of structural/acoustic problems that can be described as a flexible structure surrounding an acoustic cavity. Specifically, this work is directed at the space launch vehicle problem, where it is assumed that it is not possible to obtain, in advance of a required control output, a coherent measurement of the disturbance or to directly measure the quantity to be controlled. These assumptions necessitate the use of structural sensing to predict the sound pressure in the cavity and of feedback control to reduce the radiated sound. A method for selecting sensor and actuator positions based on a transformation of the problem into radiation modes is covered as well as an optimal feedback control approach which allows the control of radiated pressure into a defined subvolume of the cavity using only structural actuators and sensors. Finally, an example problem is completed which draws on all of the theoretical development t.
Wave‐number domain separation of the incident and scattered sound field in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates

Two‐surface Cartesian coordinate system and cylindrical coordinate system measurement techniques are applied to obtain the scattered sound fields of a general shape. This decomposition method is based on the principle that any waveform can be decomposed using a two‐dimensional spatial Fourier transform into wave components that propagate in a known manner. The Cartesian method was developed by Tamara [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 2259–2264 (1990)] to measure the reflection coefficients of waves incident at oblique angles onto planar surfaces, so our paper focuses on the optimization of this method when applied to scattering investigations. A two‐surface technique to separate the incident and scattered field is also developed in cylindrical coordinates. The separation process is carried out in the wave‐number domain in a manner similar to what has been developed for Cartesian coordinates. However, because the incident and scattered fields are not directly separable in cylindrical coordinates, knowing general pr.
Price reaction in New Zealand’s duopolistic airline market

Abstract This study investigates the price reaction in a duopolistic market where two airlines (a full-service and a low-cost carrier) dominate the domestic aviation market. Utilising a rich dataset of 53,463 matched airfares for Air New Zealand and Jetstar in New Zealand from September to December 2019, we found a U-shaped relationship (from Jetstar to Air New Zealand) and an inverted U-shaped relationship (from Air New Zealand to Jetstar) between the two airfares. While distinguishing their different business models, such behaviour has not been empirically discussed in the literature. This study can be extended to larger and more complex markets.
Mutual Entrainment between Populations of Coupled Oscillators

Collective oscillations in a system of multiple populations of limit·cycle oscillators are studied. The oscillators are identical in each population, and besides their mutual coupling they are subject to noise. By means of a perturbation method, it is shown that a pair of populations with different collective frequencies is shown to exhibit synchronized/independent collective oscillations when the strength of their mutual coupling is sufficiently large/small. Furthermore, numerical simulations reveal a complicated bifurcation structure. We also study a system of four populations arranged in a ring. It is shown that the two populations which are coupled only indirectly can synchronize without entraining the intervening populations.
When You Can't Afford to Wait for a Job: The Role of Time Discounting for Own-Account Workers in Developing Countries

IZA DP No. 15926 FEBRUARY 2023 When You Can’t Afford to Wait for a Job: The Role of Time Discounting for Own-Account Workers in Developing Countries* Frictional labor markets impose a fundamental trade-off: individuals may work on their own at any time, but can only take a potentially better-paid wage job after spending some time looking for it, suggesting that intertemporal considerations affect how people choose their occupation. We formalize this intuition under the job search framework and show that a sufficiently high subjective discount rate can justify the choice for own-account work even when it pays less than wage work. With this simple model, we estimate a lower bound for the discount rate that is implicit in the occupational choice of urban own-account workers in Brazil. We find that at least 65 percent of those workers appear to discount the future at rates superior to those available in the credit market, which suggests constrained occupational choice. Finally, we show that the estimated lower bound of the preference for the present is positively associated with food, clothing, and housing deprivation. JEL Classification: J22, J24, J31, J64
Terahertz conductivity studies in carbon nanotube networks prepared by the vacuum filtration method

The electrical properties of carbon nanostructures have been greatly stimulating to use in the nanotechnology for electronic components. In this paper, we study the AC and DC electrical conductivity responses of multi-walled carbon nanotube films, prepared by the vacuum filtration methods, with noncontact terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz- TDS) approach utilizing the extrapolation analysis as well as probe-in line technique.
Full-waveform inversion of plane-wave seismograms in stratified acoustic media: Applicability and limitations

A nonlinear waveform inversion procedure derived from Tarantola and Valette’s inversion formalism has been implemented in the horizontal slowness and intercept time (p-τ) domain. It infers simultaneously the velocity (bulk modulus) and density profiles of layered acoustic media. An arbitrary partition of the full wavefield information, i.e., an arbitrary selection of traces (and time ranges) of the whole p-τ seismic section is used as input to the inversion procedure. To explore its applicability and limitations, the algorithm has been tested against a series of “noise‐free” and noisy minimum‐phase band‐limited p-τ data sets synthesized from models of many microlayers which are meant to emulate the behavior of well logs. For a given data covariance, we confirmed that the specification of the starting model covariance determines the “generalized” damping factor which predicts the resolution of the final inverted model and the convergence rate of the inversion procedure. We found three major obstacles in th.
Precision Nd:YAG laser cladding with coaxial powder feeding on very thin sheet

Precision Nd:YAG laser cladding was investigated to achieve laser clads with specific pattern and roughness on very thin metal sheets (0.1 - 0.15 mm) to meet industrial requirements. Characterization of pulsed laser cladding on thin sheet substrate, side nozzle, coaxial nozzle and development, high speed video visualization of powder flow for both nozzles, microstructure evolution, vacuum clamping, chiller cooling were presented. Sound laser clad pattern with height/width ration 0.88 or 0.50 and identical quality was obtained. The present work demonstrates that precision laser cladding and/or direct laser manufacturing on thin sheet is another attracting field on laser cladding.
INFINITELY MANY SOLUTIONS FOR HARDY–SOBOLEV–MAZ'YA EQUATION INVOLVING CRITICAL GROWTH

In this paper, by an approximating argument, we obtain infinitely many solutions for the following Hardy–Sobolev–Maz'ya equation with critical growth: provided N > 6 + t, where when k > 2, λ = 0 when k = 2, and Ω is an open bounded domain in ℝN, which contains some points x0 = (0, z0).
High-performance polymer heterojunction solar cells of a polysilafluorene derivative

High-performance polymer heterojunction solar cells fabricated from an alternating copolymer of 2,7-silafluorene (SiF) and 4,7-di(2′-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DBT) (PSiF-DBT) as the electron donor blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron acceptor were investigated. A power-conversion efficiency up to 5.4% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.90V, a short-circuit current of 9.5mAcm−2, and a fill factor of 50.7% was achieved under the illumination of AM 1.5G from a calibrated solar simulator (800Wm−2). The field-effect transistors fabricated from PSiF-DBT showed a high hole mobility of ∼1×10−3cm2V−1s−1.
The Study on the Impact of Klse Market Index Towards the Stock Price Performance Among the Leading Technology Companies

This study targets the development through the motivation of the research to explore the impact of the KLSE market index from Malaysia in the influence towards the stock price performance among the leading technology companies globally. The lack of the study on the similar scope of study had been triggering the need for the exploration for this study to investigate the potential significant in the relationship between the KLSE market index and the stock price performance for the leading technology companies. The previous study had been suggesting there should be significant positive correlation and relationship between the market indices against the performance of the technology stock prices developing the initial hypothesis for the study. However, the quantitative study on the 10 years timeline for the study pattern for the KLSE market and the technology stock price performance had revealed that the empirical evidence had pointed the opposite result where the significant negative correlation and relation was found based on the historical data through the quantitative analysis using the correlation analysis and regression analysis leading to the rejection of the initial hypothesis as drawn. This had been providing fresh insight for the contribution of study expanding the opportunities for the future study of similar area of expertise.
High-power constricted double-heterojunction AlGaAs diode lasers for optical recording

In this letter we describe a new type of constricted double‐heterojunction injection laser especially designed for optical disk recording. The laser is capable of steady operation in a stable fundamental spatial mode at powers of 80 mW/facet at 20% duty cycle (25‐MHz repetition rate, 8‐nsec‐wide pulses) and 50 mW/facet at 50% duty cycle (10‐MHz repetition rate, 50‐nsec‐wide pulses). Such devices have been used in high‐data‐rate optical recording and preliminary results indicate operating life in excess of 103 h at 40 mW/facet and 50% duty cycle. The laser employs a very thin active region (500–800 A) and a nearly planar structure to provide as large a source size as possible while remaining in fundamental spatial mode operation. Single longitudinal mode cw operationwas recorded up to 21 mW/facet. It is also found that an antireflection coating on the emitting facet not only raises the overall efficiency and facet damage limit, but also can simplify the modal pattern.
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication: A Gateway to Interfacial Mechanics—Review and Prospect

Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) is commonly known as a mode of fluid-film lubrication in which the mechanism of hydrodynamic film formation is enhanced by surface elastic deformation and lubricant viscosity increase due to high pressure. It has been an active and challenging field of research since the 1950s. Significant breakthroughs achieved in the last 10–15 years are largely in the area of mixed EHL, in which surface asperity contact and hydrodynamic lubricant film coexist. Mixed EHL is of the utmost importance not only because most power-transmitting components operate in this regime, but also due to its theoretical universality that dry contact and full-film lubrication are in fact its special cases under extreme conditions. In principle, mixed EHL has included the basic physical elements for modeling contact, or hydrodynamic lubrication, or both together. The unified mixed lubrication models that have recently been developed are now capable of simulating the entire transition of interfacial status from full-film and mixed lubrication down to dry contact with an integrated mathematic formulation and numerical approach. This has indeed bridged the two branches of engineering science, contact mechanics, and hydrodynamic lubrication theory, which have been traditionally separate since the 1880s mainly due to the lack of powerful analytical and numerical tools. The recent advancement in mixed EHL begins to bring contact and lubrication together, and thus an evolving concept of “Interfacial Mechanics” can be proposed in order to describe interfacial phenomena more precisely and collaborate with research in other related fields, such as interfacial physics and chemistry, more closely. This review paper briefly presents snapshots of the history of EHL research, and also expresses the authors’ opinions about its further development as a gateway to interfacial mechanics. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004457]
Triangular mesh deformation via edge-based graph

AbstractMesh deformation is an important mesh editing process which provides a convenient way to modify a given mesh to meet various design requirements. Most of the existing mesh deformation methods establish their formulations in the primal vertex-based domain and are expected to produce globally smooth and consistent deformation results while preserving geometry details as much as possible. In this paper, we present a new surface-based mesh deformation method that performs the computation via an edge-based graph to increase the sampling rate for more accurate shape computation and better deformation results. The user is given the flexibility of adjusting the deformation effect between local shape preservation and global smoothness. Moreover, to simulate the deformation behaviors of regions with different materials, we introduce a stiffness property into the deformation model and present an easy and intuitive way for the user to set the material property. Experimental results demonstrate that our algori.
Analysis of unsteady transonic channel flow with shock waves

Abstract : Inviscid unsteady transonic flow in a two-dimensional channel is analyzed using asymptotic techniques. The analysis includes the case where a shock wave is present in a channel having arbitrary wall shape, with artibrary small disturbances imposed at a given downstream location. Second-order solutions are not uniformly valid near the shock wave, since they do not satisfy the shock jump conditions. It is therefore necessary to obtain inner solutions which are matched asymptotically to those in the outer channel-flow region.
Effect of bias on radiation‐induced paramagnetic defects at the silicon‐silicon dioxide interface

Electron spin resonance measurements have been made on gamma‐irradiated (111) Si/SiO2 structures as a function of bias across the oxide. We observe a large change in the density of radiation‐induced paramagnetic Pb centers with bais. We conclude that Pb defects (trivalent silicons at the Si/SiO2 interface) account for a very large portion of the radiation‐induced interface states.
Einstein coefficients and dipole moments for the asymmetrically confined harmonic oscillator

We study confinement effects on the energy eigenvalues, dipole moments and Einstein coefficients of a model harmonic oscillator restricted by two impenetrable walls placed either symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the potential minimum. The calculations are made using perturbation theory as a function of the position of the potential minimum with respect to the bounding walls. For small boxes, the energy levels resemble more closely those of a free particle in a box, than those of an unbounded harmonic oscillator. When the size of the box increases, the lowest energy levels become more similar to those of the unbounded harmonic oscillator, but the highest energy levels remain similar to those of the free particle in a box. We also show that the selection rules for the confined harmonic oscillator are not the same as those of the unbounded harmonic oscillator.
Properties and Applications of the Generalized Likelihood as a Summary Function for Prediction Problems

The generalized likelihood plays an important role in parametric inference for prediction and empirical Bayesian models. This paper emphasizes the utility of the generalized likelihood as a summarization procedure in general prediction models. Properties of the generalized likelihood when used in this setting, and examples of its use as a data analytic tool are given in a series of numerical examples.
The Value of the Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio in Assessing the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Single Center Cohort Study

Background Inflammatory responses and metabolic abnormalities play essential roles in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). Our study aimed to evaluate the association between monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (MHR) and OA and compared it with other systemic inflammatory markers. Methods This study recruited 323 OA cases and age- and sex-matched 283 control participants during the same period. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data and laboratory indicators were obtained from participants’ records. Systemic inflammatory markers were calculated for both cohorts. The diagnostic effectiveness of each index for distinguishing patients with OA was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Spearman’s method and ordered logistic regression were used to analyze the association between each indicator and Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade. Results MHR was significantly higher (0.38±0.18 vs 0.25±0.07, p < 0.0001) in OA patients than healthy controls. MHR had the largest area under the ROC curve for predicting OA. Analysis of ordered logistic regression indicated that MHR was a risk factor for OA radiological severity. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that MHR significantly correlates with the KL grade. Moreover, MHR was significantly higher in early stage patients than in healthy controls. Conclusion These results suggest that an elevated MHR could reflect knee OA severity and might be a useful marker for diagnosis and monitoring of OA.
Mixed mode failure analysis of bonded joints with rate‐dependent interface models

The recent developments in joining technologies and the increasing use of composites materials in structural design justify the wide interest of structural mechanics researchers in bonded joints. Joints often represent the weakness zone of the structure and appropriate and rigorous mechanical models are required in order to describe deformation, durability and failure. The present work is devoted to the theoretical formulation and numerical implementation of an interface model suitable to simulate the time‐dependent behaviour of bonded joints. The interface laws are formulated in the framework of viscoplasticity for generalized standard materials and describe the softening response of the joint along its decohesion process in presence of shear and tensile normal tractions. These laws are derived in a thermodynamic consistent manner and take into account the rate dependency modifications of the fracture process zone making use of a sort of non‐local instantaneous dissipation. The interface constitutive laws are expressed both in rate and discrete incremental form for the purpose of numerical implementation. The consistent tangent matrix is derived. Finally, the problem of model parameters identification is approached making use of the finite element method for the experiments simulation and of an evolution strategy to solve the constrained optimization problem which mathematically represents the parameter identification inverse problem. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.