Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traveltime inversion for 2-D anomaly structures

This work presents a traveltime inversion method that uses parametric functions to represent 2-D anomaly structures. These functions are described by a small set of unknown parameters which in turn are obtained after solving a highly nonlinear optimization problem via simulated annealing (SA). The procedure favors neither smooth nor high contrasting anomalies and keeps the number of unknowns very small so as to make the problem tractable using SA. Yet the strategy allows one to accommodate a large class of velocity models. Results indicate that this new approach typically yields better images than a standard linearized inversion based on a cell parameterization scheme.
Intrinsic carrier mobility of a single-layer graphene covalently bonded with single-walled carbon nanotubes

We report intrinsic carrier mobility calculations of a two-dimensional nanostructure that consists of porous single layer graphene covalently bonded with single-walled carbon nanotubes on both sides. We used first-principles calculation and found that the deformation potential of such system is about 25% of that of graphene, and the carrier mobility is about 5 × 104 cm2 V−1 s−1 for both electrons and holes, about one order of magnitude lower than that of graphene. This nanostructure and its three-dimensional stacking could serve as novel organic electronic materials.
A minimum chi‐squared method for indirect parameter estimation from Poisson data

In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm for estimating non‐negative parameters from Poisson observations of a linear transformation of the parameters. The proposed objective function fits both a weighted least squares (WLS) and a minimum χ2 estimation framework, and results in a convex optimization problem. Unlike conventional WLS methods, the weights do not need to be estimated from the datas, but are incorporated in the objective function. The iterative algorithm is derived from an alternating projection procedure in which “distance” is determined by the chi‐squared test statistic, which is interpreted as a measure of the discrepancy between two distributions. This may be viewed as an alternative to the Kullback‐Leibler divergence which corresponds to the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. The algorithm is similar in form to, and shares many properties with, the expectation maximization algorithm for ML estimation. In particular, we show that every limit point of the algorithm is an estimator, and the sequence of projected (by the linear transformation into the data space) means converge. Despite the similarities, we show that the new estimators are quite distinct from ML estimators, and obtain conditions under which they are identical.
The Research of Extracting Minimal Decision Rules from the Decision Table in Rough Sets

Analyzes the traditional methods of extracting decision rules in Rough Sets, defines the concept of the decision dependability and proposes a novel algorithm of extracting short decision rules. Only the length of decision rules is extended when the current decision rules can’t classify all the samples in the decision table. At the same time, three methods are proposed to reduce the computational complexity: 1) defines the concept of bound coefficient, 2) only classify the samples with the same decision values at a time thus averting the time-consuming classification of the equivalence classes with different decision values, 3) defines the Remain set and only classify the samples in the Remain set, so the computational complexity will decrease proportional with the reduction of the samples in the Remain set. Above-mentioned methods can be used directly for incomplete information systems and have great practicability.
Advances in Antiviral Delivery Systems and Chitosan-Based Polymeric and Nanoparticulate Antivirals and Antiviral Carriers

Current antiviral therapy research is focused on developing dosage forms that enable highly effective drug delivery, providing a selective effect in the organism, lower risk of adverse effects, a lower dose of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and minimal toxicity. In this article, antiviral drugs and the mechanisms of their action are summarized at the beginning as a prerequisite background to develop relevant drug delivery/carrier systems for them, classified and briefly discussed subsequently. Many of the recent studies aim at different types of synthetic, semisynthetic, and natural polymers serving as a favorable matrix for the antiviral drug carrier. Besides a wider view of different antiviral delivery systems, this review focuses on advances in antiviral drug delivery systems based on chitosan (CS) and derivatized CS carriers. CS and its derivatives are evaluated concerning methods of their preparation, their basic characteristics and properties, approaches to the incorporation of an antiviral drug in the CS polymer as well as CS nanoparticulate systems, and their recent biomedical applications in the context of actual antiviral therapy. The degree of development (i.e., research study, in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo preclinical testing), as well as benefits and limitations of CS polymer and CS nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, are reported for particular viral diseases and corresponding antivirotics.
Dual-Band Multipolarized Aperture-Shared Antenna Array for Ku-/Ka-Band Satellite Communication

A dual-band multipolarized aperture-shared antenna array is presented, achieving Ku-band dual linearly polarized (LP) operation and Ka-band dual circularly polarized (CP) operation. Its dual-band aperture-shared structure is fed by two groups of independent feed networks, from the side and the bottom, using the quasi-planar coaxial waveguide line (QCWL) and the hollow-waveguide (HW) feed structure, respectively. The Ku-band antenna and Ka-band antenna are carried out through the same quad-ridge waveguide aperture and have the same array spacing. Thus, the large element spacing at high-frequency band inevitably leads to high sidelobes. The parasitic elements are adopted to suppress the high sidelobes in the E-plane and H-plane, and the realized gain of the high-frequency antenna is increased accordingly. In addition, a 1/ $2\lambda $ short-circuited stub is designed in the QCWL-based feed network for isolation enhancement. To demonstrate, a $4\times $ 4 element Ku-/Ka-band multipolarized antenna prototype is fabricated and measured. Experimental results show that the impedance bandwidths of 19.4% (14.4–17.5 GHz) for dual LP and 7.4% (32.5–35 GHz) for dual CP are achieved. The peak gains of the dual LP are 18.4 and 18 dBi, while those of the dual CP are 23.4 and 22.9 dBic.
Inkjet printed resistive and chemical‐FET carbon nanotube gas sensors

Aqueous solutions of carboxyl functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are deposited on silicon chips by the inkjet printing technique. By varying the film thickness it is possible to obtain low‐ or high density networks of SWCNTs, having either nonlinear or linear current‐voltage characteristics, respectively. The electrical transport in the low‐density films is gate‐controllable and utilized as chemical field‐effect transistor sensors; whereas the high‐density SWCNT networks of nearly Ohmic behaviour are used as conventional resistive gas sensors. The response of both types of sensors is studied for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) analyte. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hierarchical LSTM-Based Network Intrusion Detection System Using Hybrid Classification

Most existing network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) perform intrusion detection using only a partial packet data of fixed size, but they suffer to increase the detection rate. In this study, in order to find the cause of a limited detection rate, accurate intrusion detection performance was analyzed by adjusting the amount of information used as features according to the size of the packet and length of the session. The results indicate that the total packet data and all packets in the session should be used for the maximum detection rate. However, existing NIDS cannot be extended to use all packet data of each session because the model could be too large owing to the excessive number of features, hampering realistic training and classification speeds. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel approach for the classifier of NIDSs. The proposed NIDS can effectively handle the entire packet information using the hierarchical long short-term memory and achieves higher detection accuracy than existing methods. Performance evaluation confirms that detection performance can be greatly improved compared to existing NIDSs that use only partial packet information. The proposed NIDS achieves a detection rate of 95.16% and 99.70% when the existing NIDS show the highest detection rate of 93.49% and 98.31% based on the F1-score using two datasets. The proposed method can improve the limitations of existing NIDS and safeguard the network from malicious users by utilizing information on the entire packet.
How Far Has Audit Quality been Researched?

The audit has a significant function as an instrument of external corporate governance, and audit quality. Affect audit governance. The overall objective of the audit is to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements do not contain substantial misstatements due to fraud or error, to issue an audit report following auditing standards. This study aims to determine the development map of audit quality research that is indexed by Scopus and other reputable journals with the keyword "Audit Quality". The data analyzed were 893 selected publications. The development map of audit quality research was analyzed using the VOSviewer application program to find out the bibliometric map. The results showed that the number of publications on the development of audit quality research indexed Scopus from the last 5 years since 2017-2021 experienced a significant increase and the words most used by the author are audit quality, human, dan clinical audit.
The role of stress coping styles in the relationship between separation individualization and sexual self-schema

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of stress coping styles in the relationship between separation individualization and sexual self-schema. Methods: Relational screening model was used in the study. In the selection of the sample group of the study, the convenience sampling method, which is one of the non-random sampling methods, was preferred. The study group of the research consists of 246 (61%) females, 157 (39.0%) males. In this study, Demographic Information Form, Separation Individuation Scale, Sexual Self Schema Scale, and Coping with Stress Scale was used. Results: According to the results, problem-focused coping styles play a partial mediator role in the relationship between separation individuation and loving/compassionate sexual self-schema in coping with stress, and there is a relationship between separation individuation and problem-focused coping styles. Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between separation, individuation and loving/compassionate sexual self and self-confident, optimistic approach, seeking social support. Predicts the compassionate sexual self-schema; It was determined that coping styles were a partial mediating variable in the relationship between relational problems and the loving/compassionate sexual self-schema.
A new lifetime distribution by maximizing entropy: properties and applications

The principle of maximum entropy is a well-known approach to produce a model for data-generating distributions. In this approach, if partial knowledge about the distribution is available in terms of a set of information constraints, then the model that maximizes entropy under these constraints is used for the inference. In this paper, we propose a new three-parameter lifetime distribution using the maximum entropy principle under the constraints on the mean and a general index. We then present some statistical properties of the new distribution, including hazard rate function, quantile function, moments, characterization, and stochastic ordering. We use the maximum likelihood estimation technique to estimate the model parameters. A Monte Carlo study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the estimation method. In order to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed model, we fit the model to three real data sets and compare its relative performance with respect to the beta generalized Weibull family.
Simple realization of all-optical high-speed (40, 80 and 160 Gb s−1) XOR and OR logic gates using LiNbO3 waveguides

A simple realization of all-optical high-speed XOR and OR logic gates is proposed and simulated. Using a single quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguide and based on the sum-frequency generation (SFG), simultaneous operations of XOR and OR at 40, 80 and 160 Gb s−1 are numerically demonstrated. The Q factor and extinction ratio are analysed, showing impressive operation performance.
NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase-1 Expression Promotes Self-Renewal and Therapeutic Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Identifying cellular drivers responsible for enhancing cancer cell resistance to therapeutics provides critical information for designing more effective drugs. Populations of slowly growing, self-renewing, chemo-resistant cells purportedly contribute to the development of therapeutic resistance in many solid tumors. In the current study, we implemented a tumor spheroid model to determine whether NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) was requisite for self-renewal and promotion of the drug-resistant phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that stable depletion of NQO1 in A549 and H358 human NSCLC tumor models inhibits self-renewal capabilities, as demonstrated by a reduced ability to form primary, secondary, and tertiary spheroids. In contrast, the rescue of NQO1 expression restored the tumor cells’ ability to form spheroids. Additionally, we discovered that NQO1 depletion renders cisplatin-refractory tumor spheroids highly susceptible to drug treatment. Together, these results suggest that NQO1 loss reduces the self-renewing capabilities of NSCLC cells and enhances their susceptibility to clinically relevant therapeutics. These findings describe a novel role for NQO1 and suggest that combining NQO1-inhibitors with conventional chemotherapeutics may enhance anti-tumor effects.
Experimental Tests of a Full Analog Fiber Optic Monitoring System Suitable for Safety Application at CERN

In this work, experimental tests of a full analog fiber optic monitoring system are reported. The proposed concept is conceived to satisfy the constraints imposed to be used for safety application, in terms of robustness and reliability, due to full passive optical devices and analog-based circuitry. Moreover, it is compatible with the stringent requirements imposed by the detector safety system (DSS) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN. From the optical side, the main device is the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), with the aim to filter and address the optical signal through a determined output channel, that is then transduced in electrical by means of a photodiode. From the electronic side, the designed board has the purpose to manipulate the signal in order to have an increasing monotone output current, in the range of 4–20 mA, a standard widely employed in a safety system environment. In this way, the circuit gain can be set in order to match the value to the physical quantity under the monitoring threshold. To give proof of its characteristics, the system is subjected to many tests led at CERN, in which two fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are under test in a custom climate box. Step temperature variation, as well as fast oscillating test and long-term stability measurement are reported, confirming its key strength and field-validating it.
Edge density profile measurements by X-mode reflectometry on Tore Supra

A broadband reflectometer operating in the frequency range 50-75 GHz has been developed on Tore Supra to measure electron density profiles at the edge. The system uses extraordinary mode polarization and performs routine measurements in 20 µs with heterodyne detection to ensure a high dynamic range sensitivity. It allows separate phase and amplitude information of the signal. The density profiles are fully automatically calculated from the raw phase. The initialization is done with automatic detection of the first cut-off from the amplitude of the reflected signal with an accuracy of up to ±0.5 cm. The profiles are now part of the public database of Tore Supra and can provide details of density structures better than the centimetre range. The high reliability of the measurements for various plasma conditions make this diagnostic an ideal tool to study specific edge plasma physics with given examples on detached plasma behaviour and antenna-plasma coupling processes for ion cyclotron resonant frequency and lower hybrid heating powers. It also is shown how the presence of suprathermal electrons may perturb the measurements.
Inexact information aided, low‐cost, distributed genetic algorithms for aerodynamic shape optimization

Despite its robustness, the design and optimization of aerodynamic shapes using genetic algorithms suffers from high computing cost requirements, due to excessive calls to Computational Fluid Dynamics tools for the evaluation of candidate solutions. To alleviate this problem, either the use of distributed genetic algorithms or the implementation of surrogate evaluation models have separately been proposed in the past. A distributed genetic algorithm relies on the handling of population subsets that evolve in a semi‐isolated manner by regularly exchanging their best individuals. It is known that distributed schemes generally outperform single‐population ones. On the other hand, the implementation of less costly surrogate evaluation tools, such as the autocatalytic radial basis function networks developed by the authors for the purpose of getting rid of most of the ‘useless’ exact evaluations, reduces considerably the computational cost. The aim of the present paper is to employ a surrogate evaluation model in the context of a distributed genetic algorithm and to demonstrate that the combination of both results in maximum economy in CPU cost. In addition, whenever a multiprocessor system is available, the gain is much more pronounced, since the new optimization method maximizes parallel efficiency. The proposed method is used to solve inverse design and optimization problems in aeronautics and turbomachinery. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The structure of an unstable circular vortex in a background straining flow

The formation of compound vortices from a ‘shielded’ vortex monopole embedded in a two-dimensional background straining flow is studied numerically. The computations are performed in plane polar coordinates using an infinite radial domain Navier–Stokes solver. The straining flow excites an azimuthal instability, leading to vortex tripole formation in the case of small strain rates. For larger strain rates, tripole formation proceeds briefly before the structure is destroyed by the dominant background straining flow.
THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF THE EHF BAND ON BLOOD OXIDATIVE METABOLISM UNDER MODELING THE ENGRAFTMENT OF A SKIN FLAP

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of electromagnetic radiation of the EHF band on the intensity of free radical oxidation processes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood of rats when modeling ischemia of the dorsal skin flap in vivo. The results of the experimental study showed that electromagnetic radiation inhibits lipid peroxidation in blood plasma due to activation of the overall antioxidant activity. In erythrocytes, the regulatory effect of irradiation on the prooxidant system was revealed by stimulating the enzymatic link of antioxidant protection.
Triplet-Net Classification of Contiguous Stem Cell Microscopy Images

Cellular microscopy imaging is a common form of data acquisition for biological experimentation. Observation of gray-level morphological features allows for the inference of useful biological information such as cellular health and growth status. Cellular colonies can contain multiple cell types, making colony level classification very difficult. Additionally, cell types growing in a hierarchical, downstream fashion, can often look visually similar, although biologically distinct. In this paper, it is determined empirically that traditional deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and classical object recognition techniques are not sufficient to distinguish between these subtle visual differences, resulting in misclassifications. Instead, Triplet-net CNN learning is employed in a hierarchical classification scheme to improve the ability of the model to discern distinct, fine-grain features of two commonly confused morphological image-patch classes, namely Dense and Spread colonies. The Triplet-net method improves classification accuracy over a four-class deep neural network by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="witmer-ieq1-3247957.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> 3<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="witmer-ieq2-3247957.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, a value that was determined to be statistically significant, as well as existing state-of-the-art image patch classification approaches and standard template matching. These findings allow for the accurate classification of multi-class cell colonies with contiguous boundaries, and increased reliability and efficiency of automated, high-throughput experimental quantification using non-invasive microscopy.
INFLUENCE OF SALT (NaCl) STRESS IN TWO GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) VARIETIES

Salinity is an environmental stress that limits growth and development in plants. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world and highly prized oil crop. The effect of salt stress on growth and carbohydrates were determined in two groundnut varieties (TMV-13 and TMV-14). Plants were subjected to salt stress of different concentrations (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) as a basal dose and sampling was done in leaves on 20 Days After Treatment (DAT). Marked variation in plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of the whole plant and chlorophyll content were observed between the two groundnut varieties subjected to salt stress. Amount of carbohydrates such as total sugar, reducing and non reducing sugar and starch varied in two groundnut varieties under salt affected conditions. The amount of total sugar, reducing and non-reducing decreased with increasing salinity concentrations while starch showed a reverse trend. Quantitative differences were also observed in the content of protein and proline under salinity stress conditions. The results revealed that TMV-13 exhibits higher growth rates with high content of chlorophyll, carbohydrates and proline compared toTMV-14 under salinity stress.