Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The association of atrial fibrillation and dementia incidence: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Objectives To assess and synthesize the prospective cohort studies published so far on the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and dementia incidence. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for potential studies published in English previous to April 2018. Two independent reviewers screened the search results for prospective cohort studies reporting the association between AF and dementia incidence in patients with normal cognitive function at baseline and not suffering from an acute stroke. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was adopted to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of AF for dementia was calculated with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, version 2. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed with the I2 test and funnel plot, respectively. Results We finally identified 11 prospective cohort studies covering 112,876 patients. All the included studies reported an adjusted HR obtained in multiple Cox regression models. The qualities of the included studies ranged from moderate to high. In pooled analysis with a fixed-effects model, AF was independently associated with dementia incidence (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.24–1.44). Subgroup analysis of studies considering anticoagulation as an important confounding factor achieved a similar result. Based on the I2 test and funnel plot, we did not detect obvious heterogeneity and publication bias in our study. Meta-regression on age did not find significant results. Conclusions The results of our meta-analysis further confirmed that AF was an independent risk factor for dementia in patients with normal baseline cognitive function not suffering from acute stroke. Screening for dementia in AF patients and including dementia as an independent outcome in large AF treatment trials is warranted.
Evolução clínica e laboratorial das crianças e adolescentes com HIV/AIDS após falha terapêutica orientada pela genotipagem

Objective: To analyze the clinical, laboratorial and adherence evolution after the exchange of the rescue scheme, based on genotyping, in children and adolescents with HIV/ AIDS with therapeutic failure. Methods: Cohort study with analysis of 45 medical records in one year. Patients were divided into groups with only one active drug (group 1) and two or more active drugs in the genotyping result (group 2). The therapeutic failure was evaluated under virological, immunological and clinical criteria. Adherence to treatment was also evaluated. Results: Group 2 presented 57.5% of its patients with an undetectable viral load whilst group 1 41.6%. After three months of treatment, 53% of the patients in group 2 had an adequate CD4 count (p=0.031). The illness in both groups fell approximately 50% at the end of a follow-up year. Group 2 presented adequate growth at three months of follow-up (p=0.004) and at six months (p=0.012). There was an improvement in adherence after one year with the rescue scheme for both groups. Conclusions: The group of two or more active drugs seemed to present better clinical and laboratory response. The group with one active drug presented a reduction in the rate of illness. It is important to identify therapeutic failures, to use the genotyping test in the choice of rescue plan, and to contain at least two active drugs, and to encourage priority adherence among children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS, so that they have a better quality of life.
Duration of Colonization with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus

Objective: To determine the duration of colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and the adequacy of 3 consecutive negative cultures to determine clearance. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: A university hospital. Population: Patients identified by perirectal cultures as VRE carriers who had follow-up cultures. Methods: Follow-up perirectal cultures were collected in inpatient and outpatient settings, at least 1 week apart, when patients were not receiving antibiotics with activity against VRE. The likelihood of culture positivity was analyzed given prior culture results and time from the initial positive culture. Results: A total of 116 patients colonized with VRE had 423 follow-up cultures, a mean of 204 days (range, 4 to 709 days) after their initial isolate. The first follow-up culture, collected a mean of 125 days after the initial positive isolate, was negative in 64%. After 1 negative follow-up culture, the next one was negative in 92% of the patients. After 2 negative cultures, 95% remained culture-negative. After 3 sequential negative cultures, 35 (95%) of 37 patients remained culture-negative. As the interval between the initial and the follow-up isolates increased, the probability that a subsequent culture would be positive decreased (P < .001, chi square for trend). Prolonged hospitalization, intensive care, and antibiotic use each decreased the likelihood of clearing VRE. Conclusion: These data support the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criterion of 3 sequential negative cultures, at least 1 week apart, to remove patients from VRE isolation. Nevertheless, this may reflect a decrease in the quantity of VRE to an undetectable level and these patients should be observed for relapse, especially when re-treated with antibiotics.
at 0 / 00 Online-6 DSLAM für RGB-D-Sensoren 6 D Visual SLAM for RGB-D Sensors

Zur Automatisierung komplexer Manipulationsaufgaben in dynamischen oder unbekannten Umgebungen benötigt die Steuerungssoftware eines autonomen Roboters eine Repräsentation des Arbeitsbereiches, mit der die Kollisionsfreiheit bei der Durchführung der Aufgabe gewährleistet werden kann. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ein neues System zur Erstellung von 3D-Umgebungsrepräsentationen aus den RGB-D-Daten neuartiger Kameras, wie der Microsoft Kinect. Durch die Unabhängigkeit von weiterer Sensorik ist der Ansatz insbesondere zur Ergänzung von rein bildbasierten Regelungssystemen geeignet.
Architecture and functionality in M2M standards

Over the last few years OneM2M global initiative has been working on creation of global specification and standards for M2M. In order to facilitate the development of future M2M applications, which will be consolidated with this M2M standard, this paper compares OneM2M standard with ETSI M2M standard, which was defined by European Telecommunications Standards Institute, and presents ETSI M2M and OneM2M latest specification versions in the scope of architecture model and the functionality of the M2M platforms.
Climate and density shape population dynamics of a marine top predator

Long-term studies have documented that climate fluctuations affect the dynamics of populations, but the relative influence of stochastic and density–dependent processes is still poorly understood and debated. Most studies have been conducted on terrestrial systems, and lacking are studies on marine systems explicitly integrating the fact that most populations live in seasonal environments and respond to regular or systematic environmental changes. We separated winter from summer mortality in a seabird population, the blue petrel Halobaena caerulea, in the southern Indian Ocean where the El Niño/Southern Oscillation effects occur with a 3–4–year lag. Seventy per cent of the mortality occurred in winter and was linked to climatic factors, being lower during anomalous warm events. The strength of density dependence was affected by climate, with population crashes occurring when poor conditions occurred at high densities. We found that an exceptionally long–lasting warming caused a ca. 40% decline of the population, suggesting that chronic climate change will strongly affect this top predator. These findings demonstrate that populations in marine systems are particularly susceptible to climate variation through complex interactions between seasonal mortality and density–dependent effects.
Innovating the treatment of COPD exacerbations: a phone interactive telesystem to increase COPD Action Plan adherence

Introduction Self-management interventions with Written Action Plans and case management support have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Novel telehealth technologies may improve self-management interventions. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the use of an interactive phone telesystem increases Action Plan adherence, improves exacerbation recovery and reduces healthcare use in a real-life practice of a COPD clinic. Methods Initially, 40 patients were followed by a COPD telesystem for 1 year. Detailed data from patients’ behaviours during exacerbations was recorded. The telesystem use was then extended to 256 patients from a real-life COPD clinic. Healthcare utilisation for the year before and after telesystem enrolment was then assessed through hospital administrative databases. Results Thirty-three of the 40 patients completed the initial 1-year study. Eighty-one exacerbations were reported in the 1-year follow-up. Action Plan adherence was observed for 72% of the exacerbations and those who were adherent had a significantly faster exacerbation recovery time. The large-scale implementation of the telesystem resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of patients with ≥1 respiratory-related emergency room (ER) visits (120 before vs 110 after enrolment, p<0.001) and with ≥1 COPD-related hospitalisations (75 before vs 65 after enrolment, p<0.001). Discussion COPD Written Action Plan adherence was further enhanced with the use of telehealth technologies in a specialised clinic with experience in COPD self-management. Patients followed by the telesystem recovered faster from exacerbations and had a further decrease in COPD-related ER visits and hospitalisations. Trial registration number NCT02275078.
Early identification and intervention in cerebral palsy

Infants with possible cerebral palsy (CP) are commonly assumed to benefit from early diagnosis and early intervention, but substantial evidence for this is lacking. There is no consensus in the literature on a definition of ‘early’, but this review focuses on interventions initiated within the first 6 months after term age. We cover basic neuroscience, arguing for a beneficial effect of early intervention, and discuss why clinical research to support this convincingly is lacking. We argue that infants offered early intervention in future clinical studies must be identified carefully, and that the intervention should be focused on infants showing early signs of CP to determine an effect of treatment. Such signs may be efficiently detected by a combination of neuroimaging and the General Movements Assessment. We propose a research agenda directed at large‐scale identification of infants showing early signs of CP and testing of high‐intensity, early interventions.
The efficacy of cold facial immersion and the diving response in treating panic disorder

xii DECLARATION. xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xv List of Tables . xvi List of Abbreviations. xxi Overview of Thesis . xxiii Chapter 1 PANIC DISORDER . 1 Panic Disorder and Panic Attacks . 2 The Aetiology of Panic Disorder . 5 Psychological Theories of PD Aetiology . 5 Conditioning Theories . 5 Modern Learning Theory . 7 Cognitive Theories . 9 Anxiety Sensitivity Theory . 11 Biological Theories of PD Aetiology . 13 Genetic Theories . 13 Hormone Theory . 14 Metabolic Theories. 15
Quantum Hall effects in graphene-based two-dimensional electron systems

In this article we review the quantum Hall physics of graphene-based two-dimensional electron systems, with a special focus on recent experimental and theoretical developments. We explain why graphene and bilayer graphene can be viewed respectively as J = 1 and 2 chiral two-dimensional electron gases (C2DEGs), and why this property frames their quantum Hall physics. The current status of experimental and theoretical work on the role of electron–electron interactions is reviewed at length with an emphasis on unresolved issues in the field, including the role of disorder in current experiments. Special attention is given to the interesting low magnetic field limit, and to the relationship between quantum Hall effects and the spontaneous anomalous Hall effects that might occur in bilayer graphene systems in the absence of a magnetic field.
PSFGA: a parallel genetic algorithm for multiobjective optimization

This paper presents the parallel single front genetic algorithm (PSFGA), a parallel Pareto-based algorithm for multiobjective optimization problems based on an evolutionary procedure. In this procedure, a population of solutions is sorted with respect to the values of the objective functions and partitioned into subpopulations which are distributed among the processors. Each processor applies a sequential multiobjective genetic algorithm that we have devised (called single front genetic algorithm, SFGA) to its subpopulation. Experimental results are provided comparing PSFGA with previously proposed multiobjective evolutionary algorithms.
TGFβ-Smad signalling in postoperative human lens epithelial cells

Aims: To localise Smads3/4 proteins in lens epithelial cells (LECs) of fresh and postoperative human specimens. Smads3/4 are involved in signal transduction between transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) cell surface receptors and gene promoters. Nuclear localisation of Smads indicates achievement of endogenous TGFβ signalling in cells. Methods: Three circular sections of the anterior capsule, one lens, and 17 capsules undergoing postoperative healing were studied. Immunohistochemistry was performed for Smads3/4 in paraffin sections of the specimens. The effect of exogenous TGFβ2 on Smad3 subcellular localisation was examined in explant cultures of extracted human anterior lens epithelium. Results: The cytoplasm, but not the nuclei, of LECs of uninjured lenses was immunoreactive for Smads3/4. In contrast, nuclear immunoreactivity for Smads3/4 was detected in LECs during capsular healing. Nuclei positive for Smads3/4 were observed in monolayered LECs adjacent to the regenerated lens fibres of Sommerring’s ring. Interestingly, the nuclei of LECs that were somewhat elongated, and appeared to be differentiating into fibre-like cells, were negative for Smads3/4. Fibroblast-like, spindle-shaped lens cells with nuclear immunoreactivity for nuclear Smads3/4 were occasionally observed in the extracellular matrix accumulated in capsular opacification. Exogenous TGFβ induced nuclear translocation of Smad3 in LECs of anterior capsule specimens in explant culture. Conclusions: This is consistent with TGFβ induced Smad signalling being involved in regulating the behaviour of LECs during wound healing after cataract surgery.
İNVAZİV MOL HİDATİDİFORM : OLGU SUNUMU VE LİTERATÜR DERLEMESİ

Invaziv mol nadir gorulmesine ragmen, dogurganlik cagindaki genc kadinlarda gozlenmesi ve hizli tedavi edilmezse mortal sonuclari nedeni ile onemlidir. Makalemizde 37 yasinda ve 42 yasinda, kuretaj sonrasi devam eden vajinal kanama ve 25 yasinda kuretaj sonrasi human koryonik gonadotropin (hCG) degerinde devam eden yukselme nedeni ile basvuran uc hastamiz sunulmustur. Invaziv mol tanisi alan hastalara kemoterapi uygulandi. Paritesini tamamlamis olan iki hastamiza histerektomi uygulandi, fertilitesinin korunmasi arzusu olan hastamiza ise hCG degeri negatif oldugu icin takibe alindi. Molar gebelik kuretaji sonrasinda, hastalarin %15-20'inde postmolar gestasyonel trofoblastik hastalik gelisebilir. Kuretaj sonrasinda devam eden vaginal kanama, hCG degerlerinin dusmemesi veya yukselmesi ve kalici teka lutein kistleri en sik gozlenen bulgulardir. Bu hastalarda metastaz arastirmasi yapilmalidir. Genellikle, kuretaj sonrasinda kemoterapi gerekir ve bazende histerktomi yapilabilir.
Seeing without Seeing? Degraded Conscious Vision in a Blindsight Patient

Blindsight patients, whose primary visual cortex is lesioned, exhibit preserved ability to discriminate visual stimuli presented in their “blind” field, yet report no visual awareness hereof. Blindsight is generally studied in experimental investigations of single patients, as very few patients have been given this “diagnosis”. In our single case study of patient GR, we ask whether blindsight is best described as unconscious vision, or rather as conscious, yet severely degraded vision. In experiment 1 and 2, we successfully replicate the typical findings of previous studies on blindsight. The third experiment, however, suggests that GR's ability to discriminate amongst visual stimuli does not reflect unconscious vision, but rather degraded, yet conscious vision. As our finding results from using a method for obtaining subjective reports that has not previously used in blindsight studies (but validated in studies of healthy subjects and other patients with brain injury), our results call for a reconsideration of blindsight, and, arguably also of many previous studies of unconscious perception in healthy subjects.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Rings of Bundled Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Floating Chemical Vapor Deposition

Rings of bundled single-walled carbon nanotubes with perfectly toroidal geometries (see figure), are fabricated in high yields by a floating chemical vapor deposition process involving the thermal decomposition of acetylene. The nano-tube rings can be grown with varying densities on a wide variety of substrates at relatively low temperatures, which is a significant advantage for nanoelectronics applications.
Elevated Levels of Circulating Adhesion Molecules in IDDM Patients and in Subjects at Risk for IDDM

Serum levels of recently discovered circulating forms of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and L-selectin, were found to be elevated in IDDM patients and in subjects at risk for developing IDDM compared with 100 normal, nondiabetic blood donors. Both adhesion molecules were determined by sandwich ELISA. Serum concentrations of either clCAM-1 or cL-selectin were >2SD of normal mean in 10 of 14 recent-onset IDDM patients (P < 0.05). Serum levels of clCAM-1 and cL-selectin did not correlate. In first-degree relatives, elevated adhesion molecule levels were observed in the 6 ICA+ individuals and in the ICA− individuals all (n = 14) with a genetic risk of IDDM (sharing HLA-DR3 and/or -DR4− with the diabetic relative) but not in the HLA-DR3− and/or -DR4− relatives (n = 13). We conclude that elevated clCAM-1 and cL-selectin levels occur independently of ICA status and probably reflect ongoing immune processes in recent-onset IDDM patients and first-degree relatives at risk for IDDM.
Uncommon liver tumors

Background:Beside hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis, and cholangiocarcinoma, the imaging findings of other relatively uncommon hepatic lesions are less discussed in the literature. Imaging diagnosis of these lesions is a daily challenge. In this article, we review the imaging characteristics of these neoplasms. Methods:From January 2003 to December 2014, 4746 patients underwent liver biopsy or hepatic surgical resection in our hospital. We reviewed the pathological database retrospectively. Imaging of these lesions was reviewed. Results:Imaging findings of uncommon hepatic lesions vary. We discuss the typical imaging characteristics with literature review. Clinical and pathological correlations are also described. Primary hepatic lymphoma consists only of 1% of the extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and is defined as the one involving only the liver and perihepatic lymph nodes within 6 months after diagnosis. Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) shares some overlapping imaging characteristics with both HCC and cholangiocarcinoma because of being an admixture of them. Angiosarcoma is the most common hepatic mesenchymal tumor and is hypervascular in nature. Inflammatory pseudotumor is often heterogeneous on ultrasonography and with enhanced septations and rims in the portovenous phase after contrast medium. Angiomyolipoma (AML) typically presents with macroscopic fat components with low signal on fat-saturated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and presence of drainage vessels. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is thought of as a counterpart to the pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Most of the IPNBs secrete mucin and cause disproportional dilatation of the bile ducts. Mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) contains proteinaceous and colloidal components without ductal communication and characterizes with hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging. Other extremely rare lesions, including epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, are also discussed. Hepatoblastoma and mesenchymal hamartoma, mostly in children, are also briefly reviewed as well. Conclusion:It is important for radiologists to be familiar with the typical imaging features of the uncommon hepatic neoplasms. If imaging findings are not typical or diagnostic, further biopsy is required.
Cryptanalysis of the windows random number generator

The pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used by the Windows operating system is the most commonly used PRNG. The pseudo-randomness of the output of this generator is crucial for the security of almost any application running in Windows. Nevertheless, its exact algorithm was never published. We examined the binary code of a distribution of Windows 2000, which is still the second most popular operating system after Windows XP. (This investigation was done without any help from Microsoft.) We reconstructed, for the first time, the algorithm used by the pseudo-random number generator (namely, the function CryptGenRandom). We analyzed the security of the algorithm and found a on-trivial attack: given the internal state of the generator, the previous state can be computed in O(223) work (this is an attack on the forward-security of the generator, an O(1) attack on backward security is trivial). The attack on the forward-security demonstrates that the design of the generator is flawed, since it is well known how to prevent such attacks. We also analyzed the way in which the generator is run by the operating system, and found that it amplifies the effect of the attacks. As a result, learning a single state may reveal 128 Kbytes of the past and future output of the generator. The implication of these findings is that a buffer overflow attack or a similar attack can be used to learn a single state of the generator, which can then be used to predict all random values, such as SSL keys, used by a process in all its past and future operation. This attack is more severe and more efficient than known attacks, in which an attacker can only learn SSL keys if it is controlling the attacked machine at the time the keys are used.