Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Further Education and the New Managerialism

Abstract As a result of the process of incorporation following the Further and Higher Education Act (1992), Cityshire College, a large further education (FE) college, left the jurisdiction of the local authority and gained greater responsibility for managing its own affairs. Arising from a case study based on interviews and questionnaires this paper considers the impact of changes within the College which took place between 1991 and 1994. Of particular interest is the development of a ‘new managerialism’, a management style which the paper identifies as having spread throughout public sector organizations during the 1980s. This paper goes on to consider the way in which quality procedures, the introduction of a technology associated with flexible learning and the introduction of market‐related mechanisms have had an impact on professional control. The evidence from a lecturer questionnaire circulated at Cityshire suggests that staff reject the values represented by these developments and are opposed to th.
Structure and Intonation in Spoken Language Undestanding

The structure imposed upon spoken sentences by intonation seems frequently to be orthogonal to their traditional surface-syntactic structure. However, the notion of "intonational structure" as formulated by Pierrehumbert, Selkirk, and others, can be subsumed under a rather different notion of syntactic surface structure that emerges from a theory of grammar based on a "Combinatory" extension to Categorial Grammar. Interpretations of constituents at this level are in turn directly related to "information structure", or discourse-related notions of "theme", "rheme", "focus" and "presupposition". Some simplifications appear to follow for the problem of integrating syntax and other high-level modules in spoken language systems.
Coagulation Factor Binding Orientation and Dimerization May Influence Infectivity of Adenovirus-Coagulation Factor Complexes

ABSTRACT Adenoviruses (Ads) are promising vectors for therapeutic interventions in humans. When injected into the bloodstream, Ad vectors can bind several vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors, which contributes to virus sequestration in the liver by facilitating transduction of hepatocytes. Although both coagulation factors FVII and FX bind the hexon protein of human Ad serotype 5 (HAdv5) with a very high affinity, only FX appears to play a role in mediating Ad-hepatocyte transduction in vivo. To understand the discrepancy between efficacy of FVII binding to hexon and its apparently poor capacity for supporting virus cell entry, we analyzed the HAdv5-FVII complex by using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) followed by molecular dynamic flexible fitting (MDFF) simulations. The results indicate that although hexon amino acids T423, E424, and T425, identified earlier as critical for FX binding, are also involved in mediating binding of FVII, the FVII GLA domain sits within the surface-exposed hexon trimer depression in a different orientation from that found for FX. Furthermore, we found that when bound to hexon, two proximal FVII molecules interact via their serine protease (SP) domains and bury potential heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptor binding residues within the dimer interface. In contrast, earlier cryo-EM studies of the Ad-FX interaction showed no evidence of dimer formation. Dimerization of FVII bound to Ad may be a contributing mechanistic factor for the differential infectivity of Ad-FX and Ad-FVII complexes, despite high-affinity binding of both these coagulation factors to the virus.
Durable Suppression of HIV-1 after Virologic Monitoring-Based Antiretroviral Adherence Counseling in Rakai, Uganda

Objectives HIV viral load is recommended for monitoring antiretroviral treatment and identifying treatment failure. We assessed the durability of viral suppression after viral load-triggered adherence counseling among patients with HIV viremia 6 months after ART initiation. Design Observational cohort enrolled in an antiretroviral treatment program in rural Uganda. Methods Participants who underwent routine viral load determination every 24 weeks and had at least 48 weeks of follow-up were included in this analysis. Patients with viral loads >400 copies/ml at 24 weeks of treatment were given additional adherence counseling, and all patients were followed to assess the duration of viral suppression and development of virologic failure. Results 1,841 participants initiating antiretroviral therapy were enrolled in the Rakai Health Sciences Program between June 2005 and June 2011 and were followed with viral load monitoring every 24 weeks. 148 (8%) of patients did not achieve viral suppression at 24 weeks and were given additional adherence counseling. 85 (60%) of these patients had undetectable viral loads at 48 weeks, with a median duration of viral suppression of 240 weeks (IQR 193-288 weeks). Failure to achieve an undetectable viral load at 48 weeks was associated with age <30 years and 24 week viral load >2,000 copies/ml in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The majority of patients with persistent viremia who were provided adherence counseling achieved robust viral suppression for a median 4.6 years. Access to virologic monitoring and adherence counseling is a priority in resource-limited settings.
What is new in postoperative analgesia after caesarean sections

SUMMARY The rate of Caesarean sections is on an increase and with it an increased awareness among the mothers to remain pain free during and after the surgery. This has put anesthesiologists to explore possibilities and options other than the routine methods of surgical analgesia. The cons and pros of using opioids, NSAID’s, nerve blocks and regional techniques, all have been scrutinized and the associated disadvantages and side effects discussed.
Specific permeability and selective formation of gap junction channels in connexin-transfected HeLa cells

DNAs coding for seven murine connexins (Cx) (Cx26, Cx31, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are functionally expressed in human HeLa cells that were deficient in gap junctional communication. We compare the permeabilities of gap junctions comprised of different connexins to iontophoretically injected tracer molecules. Our results show that Lucifer yellow can pass through all connexin channels analyzed. On the other hand, propidium iodide and ethidium bromide penetrate very poorly or not at all through Cx31 and Cx32 channels, respectively, but pass through channels of other connexins. 4,6 Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) dihydrochloride shows less transfer among Cx31 or Cx43 transfectants. Neurobiotin is weakly transferred among Cx31 transfectants. Total junctional conductance in Cx31 or Cx45 transfected cells is only about half as high as in other connexin transfectants analyzed and does not correlate exactly with any of the tracer permeabilities. Permeability through different connexin channels appears to be dependent on the molecular structure of each tracer, i.e. size, charge and possibly rigidity. This supports the hypothesis that different connexin channels show different permeabilities to second messenger molecules as well as metabolites and may fulfill in this way their specific role in growth control and differentiation of cell types. In addition, we have investigated the function of heterotypic gap junctions after co-cultivation of two different connexin transfectants, one of which had been prelabeled with fluorescent dextran beads. Analysis of Lucifer yellow transfer reveals that HeLa cells expressing Cx31 (beta-type connexin) do not communicate with any other connexin transfectant tested but only with themselves. Two other beta-type connexin transfectants, HeLa-Cx26 and -Cx32, do not transmit Lucifer yellow to any of the alpha-type connexins analyzed. Among alpha- type connexins, Cx40 does not communicate with Cx43. Thus, connexins differ in their ability to form functional heterotypic gap junctions among mammalian cells.
Is the Construct of Relapse Heuristic, and Does It Advance Alcohol Use Disorder Clinical Practice?

OBJECTIVE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) relapse is a construct that has been of major clinical and research interest but has been inconsistently defined. The purpose of this study was to review the definitions of AUD relapse that have been used in clinical research as a basis for drawing conclusions about its heuristic value. METHOD A systematic review of the literature was conducted on empirical studies that (a) were published in peer-reviewed journals, (b) were published between 2010 and 2015, (c) were written in English, and (d) provided a definition of alcohol relapse (or lapse) that was used in the study. RESULTS The review yielded 139 individual studies that met inclusion criteria. The studies showed wide variability in how relapse was defined and interpreted in the literature, and there was little direct empirical or theoretical rationale provided for the definitions of relapse that were chosen. Furthermore, the concept of AUD relapse as a discrete state is not consistent with the empirical literature on the clinical course of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the heuristic value of AUD relapse as currently studied is low. An alternative approach that embeds the construct in theory and data on the clinical course of alcohol consumption and aligns with current trends in healthcare would seem to have a better chance of improving AUD clinical decision-making and knowledge about AUD in general.
A quantitative method for determining the antiwashout characteristics of cement-based dental materials including mineral trioxide aggregate.

AIM To introduce and assess a novel method for measuring washout resistance of cement-based dental materials, including mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), to qualitatively verify the results with a clinical simulation and to evaluate the washout resistance of a new root-end filling material. METHODOLOGY A method for assessment of washout resistance of root-end filling materials was developed by adapting the CRD-C 661-06 (a method for evaluating the resistance of freshly mixed concrete to washout in water), to permit testing of dental cements. White Portland cement (PC), MTA-Plus mixed with either water or a polymer-based antiwashout gel (MTA-AW), MTA-Angelus, IRM and amalgam were tested with either distilled water or HBSS as washout media. Additionally, the washout resistance was tested qualitatively by spraying the test materials at the terminus of simulated canals with a metered jet of water. RESULTS A mass loss of 2-7% for PC, 0.4-4% for MTA-Plus, -0.9% for MTA-AW, 5-10% for MTA-Angelus and 0% for IRM and amalgam was recorded with the modified CRD-C 661-06 method. No significant difference was found between using water and HBSS as washout media for the same material. The results of the modified CRD-C 661-06 method were similar to those obtained on the simulated canals. CONCLUSIONS The modified CRD-C 661-06 method provided repeatable results that were comparable to the simulated clinical method. The antiwashout gel used with MTA-Plus reduced the material washout and was similar to IRM and amalgam.
Regulatory T Cells Contributes to the Development of Cutting Edge: The Foxp3 Target miR-155

Foxp3 is a transcription factor that is essential for the normal development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In the absence of microRNAs (miRNAs), Foxp3 (cid:1) Tregs develop but fail to maintain immune homeostasis, leading to a scurfy-like disease. Global analysis of the network of genes regulated by Foxp3 has identified the miRNA miR-155, which is highly expressed in Tregs, as a direct target of Foxp3. In this study we report that miR-155-deficient mice have reduced numbers of Tregs, both in the thymus and periphery, due to impaired development. However, we found no evidence for defective suppressor activity of miR-155-deficient Tregs, either in vitro or in vivo. Our results indicate that miR-155 contributes to Treg development, but that additional miRNAs control Treg function. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 2578–2582. suppression assay in vivo CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) and CD4 (cid:1) CD45RB high cells were isolated by cell sorting on a FACSAria flow cytometer, yielding populations of (cid:4) 99% purity. A published adoptive transfer model of colitis was used, injecting 5 (cid:3) 10 5 CD45RB high T cells alone or together with 1 (cid:3) 10 5 wild-type or bic/miR-155-deficient CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) cells into Rag2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) recipients (17). The severity of colitis up to 12 wk after injection was independently scored by O.A. G. and C.S. , according to previously published criteria (18), and consensus scores are presented.
KDA-a tool for automatic design evaluation and refinement using the blackboard model of control

The author discusses the use of the blackboard model of control for design evaluation and refinement, and describes KDA (knowledge-based design assistant), which has been built to demonstrate that applicability of this idea. The tool's architecture and example sessions are included and explained. The examples indicate the applicability of this architecture to the evaluation and refinement problem. <<ETX>>
The Seven Deadly Sins of No Child Left behind

AVE YOU ever considered that the remedy for being lost is not to drive faster? You have to stop and change direction. For five years the major school reform agenda in America has been the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, which was part of the most recent reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). Now ESEA is up for another reauthorization by Congress, and everyone is wondering what is going to happen next. It has been suggested that NCLB be expanded to high schools or that more interventions or national standards be required. But more is not the solution. It is time to change direction. It is now universally accepted, even by those who authored the bill, that NCLB is flawed and needs fixing. In fact, describing the law as flawed might be charitable. If you take the definition of “sin” as a “shameful offense,” then it could be argued that NCLB is full of sin because it has proved itself to be an offense against good education. For that reason, merely adding a growth model to the accountability provisions or creating some additional flexibility for English-language learners will not fix the underlying structural weaknesses of the law. Neither will adding more money. You can’t get something designed for one purpose to be effective at fulfilling a very different purpose, no matter how many resources you apply to it. While there are aspects of the law that could be fixed, there are flaws in it that are so fundamental that there is not enough paint and spackle in the world to make them presentable. Many will dismiss any criticism of NCLB now just as they have dismissed previous criticism. In the past, critics have been accused of exhibiting “the soft bigotry of low expectations” and have been labeled “apologists for a failed system. ” The generic response to critics has been that educators don’t want to be held accountable. Now the contention is that America is failing to remain competitive in the The Seven Deadly Sins Of No Child Left Behind
Authorship Attribution: A Principal Component and Linear Discriminant Analysis of the Consistent Programmer Hypothesis

The consistent programmer hypothesis postulates that a feature or set of features exist that can be used to recognize the author of a given program. It further postulates that different test strategies work better for some programmers (or programming styles) than for others. For example, all-edges adequate tests may detect faults for programs written by Programmer A better than for those written by Programmer B. This has numerous useful applications: to help detect plagiarism/copyright violation of source code, to help improve the practical application of software testing, to identify the author of a subset of a large project’s code that requires maintenance, and to help pursue specific rogue programmers of malicious code and source code viruses. Previously, a small study was performed and supported this hypothesis. We present a predictive study that applies principal component analysis and factor analysis to further evaluate the hypothesis as well as to classify programs by author. This analysis resulted in five components explaining 96% of variance for one dataset, four components explaining 92% variance for a second dataset, and three components explaining 80% variance for a third dataset. One of the components was very similar for all three datasets (understandability), two components were shared by the second and third datasets, and one component was shared by the first and second dataset. We were able to achieve 100% accuracy of classification for one dataset, 93% accuracy for the second dataset, and 61% accuracy for the third dataset. Closer examination of the third dataset indicated that many of the programmers were very inexperienced. Consequently, two subsets of the programs were examined (the first written by programmers possessing a high level of experience and the second adding in less experienced programmers) and classification accuracy of 100% and 89%, respectively, was achieved. This lends support for the consistent programmer hypothesis.
An approach for discovering user similarity in social networks based on the Bayesian network and MapReduce

Adopting Bayesian network (BN) as the effective framework for representing and inferring dependencies and uncertainties among variables, in this paper, we established a BN-based model to discover user similarities in social networks. First, we built a BN to describe the direct similarity relationships between users, called social user BN and abbreviated as SUBN. Second, we proposed a distributed storage method based on Hbase to store the SUBN and support the efficient probabilistic inferences. Consequently, we proposed a SUBN-based method to find indirect similarity relationships between users. Experimental results show the efficiency and accuracy of our method.
Packing, Scheduling and Covering Problems in a Game-Theoretic Perspective

Many packing, scheduling and covering problems that were previously considered by computer science literature in the context of various transportation and production problems, appear also suitable for describing and modeling various fundamental aspects in networks optimization such as routing, resource allocation, congestion control, etc. Various combinatorial problems were already studied from the game theoretic standpoint, and we attempt to complement to this body of research. Specifically, we consider the bin packing problem both in the classic and parametric versions, the job scheduling problem and the machine covering problem in various machine models. We suggest new interpretations of such problems in the context of modern networks and study these problems from a game theoretic perspective by modeling them as games, and then concerning various game theoretic concepts in these games by combining tools from game theory and the traditional combinatorial optimization. In the framework of this research we introduce and study models that were not considered before, and also improve upon previously known results.
Activities of Daily Living of the Elders — A Task Analytic Approach

Human factors research, which focusses on matching human capabilities and limitations with different environmental and task demands, has been wanting in the areas of elderly population. The main objective of this research was to use a task analytic approach to identify the demand profiles for a list of daily activities of the elderly. 66 independently living elderly persons were videotaped performing 25 separate activities of daily. A computerized task analytic approach was used to analyze the activities. Tasks were described through a set of descriptors such as action (e.g., reposition), demand (e.g., carry), object (e.g., broom), body part (e.g., hand), posture (e.g., bend), location (e.g., wash room) and frequency. Crosstabulations were performed on the data to determine pattern of relationships amongst the various task descriptors, both within, and between activities. In terms of demands, few activities account for a large proportion. Lifting/lowering, push/pull appear to be the predominant actions. Relationship among task, posture, body part and demands were significant.
A Community-Based Approach to Global Education

This article describes an on-going experiment to draw upon a local community and its linkages with the world as a resource for infusing a global perspective into the curricula of elementary and secondary schools. We first briefly outline the intellectual origins and basic assumptions of this "communitybased approach" to global education. Second, we describe key instructional goals that can be served by treating a community-based approach as an educational strategy. Third, we analyze the strengths and limitations of three specific techniques for using a community-based approach as an educational strategy. Origins and Key Assumptions of the Approach A community-based approach to global studies represents one image or view of what the world is like. Like any approach to global studies it captures reality by filtering out some aspects of the total picture and highlighting others. As such, it has implications for research, education, and even political action. In its simplest form, the community-based approach to global studies makes a single assumption: that the linkages between local individuals, groups and organizations, and their counterparts outside
Risk factors and patterns of onset in binge eating disorder

Objective The current study examined risk factors in women with binge eating disorder (BED) who began binging before dieting (binge-first [BF]) compared with women with BED who began dieting before binging (diet-first [DF]). It further aimed to replicate findings regarding eating disorder and general psychopathology among BF versus DF subtypes. Method One hundred fifty-five women with BED completed the Oxford Risk Factor Interview to retrospectively assess risk factors occurring before eating disturbance onset. Clinical interview assessed eating disorder and general psychopathology. Results Overall, no significant differences in risk factors emerged between the groups. The BF group had a significantly earlier onset of BED than the DF group. In contradistinction to previous studies, the DF group endorsed more eating disorder psychopathology and lifetime diagnosis of any substance use disorder. Conclusion Limited support was seen for different risk factors in BF versus DF women, suggesting similar etiologic pathways in both subtypes. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generating service models by trace subsequence substitution

Software service emulation is an emerging technique for creating realistic executable models of server-side behaviour and is particularly useful in quality assurance: replicating production-like conditions for large-scale enterprise software systems. This allows performance engineers to mimic very large numbers of servers and/or provide a means of controlling dependencies on diverse third-party systems. Previous approaches to service emulation rely on manual definition of interaction behaviour requiring significant human effort. They also rely on either a system expert or documentation of system protocol and behaviour, neither of which are necessarily available. We present a novel method of automatically building client-server and server-server interaction models of complex software systems directly from interaction trace data, utilising longest common subsequence matching and field substitution algorithms. We evaluate our method against two common application-layer protocols: LDAP and SOAP. The results show that without explicit knowledge of the protocol specifications, our generated service models can produce well-formed responses for interactions. These responses can then be used within an emulation framework for large-scale enterprise system quality assurance purposes.