Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapieziel Alkoholmengenreduktion: Ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Behandlung von Personen mit Alkoholkonsumstörungen?

Mit dem Beitrag von Mann (2015) beginnen wir in diesem Heft eine Serie zur Konsummengenreduktion als alternativemTherapieziel zur derzeit vorherrschendenAbstinenz. Die 2015 in unregelm siger Reihenfolge erscheinenden Beitr ge zu verschiedenen Substanzen fassen aktuelle wissenschaftliche und versorgungspraktische Entwicklungen zusammen, die wir in der Redaktion als relevant f r eine ausf hrliche Berichterstattung und Diskussion ansehen. Es ist uns dabei bewusst, dass das Thema insbesondere in Deutschland in der Praxis wie in der Forschung kritisch gesehen wird und viele die Sorge haben, dass die bisher erfolgreiche abstinenzorientierte Behandlung in Frage gestellt wird. Dies ist von uns nicht beabsichtigt, vielmehr geht es um das zentrale gesundheitspolitische Ziel, einen hcheren Anteil von Personen mit Alkoholkonsumstcrungen (nach DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) als bisher therapeutisch zu erreichen. In Deutschland konsumieren zu viele Personen zu viel Alkohol. Sie sch digen damit ihre Gesundheit, belasten ihre famili ren und sozialenVerpflichtungen einschlieslich ihres Arbeitsplatzes. Sie gef hrden zus tzlich auch Dritte, vom Fctus (Alkoholembryopathie) ber die Kinderund Jugendzeit (psychische Stcrungen, Traumata nach Vergewaltigungen durch V ter) bis zu Verletzungen und Todesf llen als Opfer im Strasenverkehr. Nur ein sehr kleiner Teil mit einer Alkoholkonsumstcrung kommt in eine fachgerechte, stcrungsspezifische und individualisierte abstinenzorientierte Behandlung mit abgestimmten medizinischen, psychotherapeutischen und sozialen Masnahmen, etwa im Rahmen einer medizinischen Rehabilitation (Rumpf, Meyer, Hapke, Bischof, & John, 2000). Diese Tatsachen sind seit Jahren bekannt und bei allen Experten unumstritten (vergleiche zusammenfassend Singer, Batra & Mann, 2010). Daraus ergibt sich die zentrale fachliche und gesundheitspolitische Frage, wie erreicht werden kann, dass mehr Personen mit Alkoholkonsumstcrungen in Behandlung kommen, und dies mcglichst auch zu einem fr heren Zeitpunkt in der Stcrungsentwicklung. Da es in Deutschland derzeit keine bedeutsamen Wartelisten f r die Behandlung gibt, gen gt es auch nicht, einfach mehr Behandlungsangebote der gleichen Art zur Verf gung zu stellen. Vielmehr ist es notwendig, nach Alternativen zu suchen, die betroffene Personen eher motivieren, eine Behandlung aufzusuchen. Die berlegung ist nicht neu und zahlreiche Vorschl ge wurden in den letzten Jahren dazu gemacht, u.a. durch die Einbeziehung anderer Versorgungssegmente, wie etwa niedergelassene rzte, chirurgische und internistische Abteilungen von Allgemeinkrankenh usern. EntsprechendeKonzeptewurden in einem Konsensuspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft f r Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie (DG-Sucht) zusammengetragen (Rumpf et al., 2009). Ein weiterer Ansatzpunkt sind niedergelassene Psychotherapeuten (vergleiche B hringer, Behrendt, Hoch, Perkonigg & Sassen, 2009). Rehm et al. SUCHT, 61 (1), 2015, 5 – 7
Advective hydrogel membrane chromatography for monoclonal antibody purification in bioprocessing

Protein A chromatography is widely employed for the capture and purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Because of the high cost of protein A resins, there is a significant economic driving force to seek new downstream processing strategies. Membrane chromatography has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional resin based column chromatography. However, to date, the application has been limited to mostly ion exchange flow through (FT) mode. Recently, significant advances in Natrix hydrogel membrane has resulted in increased dynamic binding capacities for proteins, which makes membrane chromatography much more attractive for bind/elute operations. The dominantly advective mass transport property of the hydrogel membrane has also enabled Natrix membrane to be run at faster volumetric flow rates with high dynamic binding capacities. In this work, the potential of using Natrix weak cation exchange membrane as a mAb capture step is assessed. A series of cycle studies was also performed in the pilot scale device (> 30 cycles) with good reproducibility in terms of yield and product purities, suggesting potential for improved manufacturing flexibility and productivity. In addition, anion exchange (AEX) hydrogel membranes were also evaluated with multiple mAb programs in FT mode. Significantly higher binding capacity for impurities (support mAb loads up to 10Kg/L) and 40X faster processing speed were observed compared with traditional AEX column chromatography. A proposed protein A free mAb purification process platform could meet the demand of a downstream purification process with high purity, yield, and throughput. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 31:974–982, 2015
Es la consciencia un tema de ciencia

The individual awareness of ourselves, our conscience, seems to be responsible for the ability to formulate questions and seek the corresponding answers. In the last decades, the scientific effort –the most successful strategy to make our world intelligible– has addressed the problem of its characterization and understanding, based on evidence, as opposed to revelation or speculation. Everything suggests that conscience results from the concerted activity of different areas of the brain, though we are still a long way from its understanding.
Enhancing CPU Performance using Subcontrary Mean Dynamic Round Robin (SMDRR) Scheduling Algorithm

Round Robin (RR) Algorithm is considered as optimal in time shared environment because the static time is equally shared among the processes. If the time quantum taken is static then it undergoes degradation of the CPU performance and leads to so many context switches. In this paper, we have proposed a new effective dynamic RR algorithm SMDRR (Subcontrary Mean Dynamic Round Robin) based on dynamic time quantum where we use the subcontrary mean or harmonic mean to find the time quantum. The idea of this approach is to make the time quantum repeatedly adjusted according to the burst time of the currently running processes. Our experimental analysis shows that SMDRR performs better than RR algorithm in terms of reducing the number of context switches, average turnaround time and average waiting time
Consistent functional cross field design for mesh quadrangulation

We propose a novel technique for computing consistent cross fields on a pair of triangle meshes given an input correspondence, which we use as guiding fields for approximately consistent quadrangulations. Unlike the majority of existing methods our approach does not assume that the meshes share the same connectivity or even have the same number of vertices, and furthermore does not place any restrictions on the topology (genus) of the shapes. Importantly, our method is robust with respect to small perturbations of the given correspondence, as it only relies on the transportation of real-valued functions and thus avoids the costly and error-prone estimation of the map differential. Key to this robustness is a novel formulation, which relies on the previously-proposed notion of power vectors, and we show how consistency can be enforced without pre-alignment of local basis frames, in which these power vectors are computed. We demonstrate that using the same formulation we can both compute a quadrangulation that would respect a given symmetry on the same shape or a map across a pair of shapes. We provide quantitative and qualitative comparison of our method with several baselines and show that it both provides more accurate results and allows to handle more general cases than existing techniques.
Problematic Internet use among college students : an exploratory survey research study

The Internet has become an important part of many people’s lives across the world since its first launching in 1960s. In spite of its many beneficial roles for various new applications and services, the emergence of the Internet also has created a new problem called "problematic Internet use" or "Internet addiction," in which individuals experience interpersonal, school, or work-related problems due to excessive use of the Internet. However, since problematic Internet use is a relatively new phenomenon, research in this field has produced as yet a limited number of research studies. This study reviews available research related to defining, assessing, and measuring the problematic Internet use of college students, and examines characteristics related to Internet use for this population. This study utilizes a web-based survey with a randomly selected sample of registered undergraduate and graduate students of the University of Texas at Austin in 2006. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) (Young, 1998) and the Online Cognition Scale (OCS) (Davis, 2002) were employed to measure aspects of problematic Internet use. Result scores of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) showed that only 0.8 percent of the respondents were diagnosed as Internet users with significant problems, whereas 28.0 percent were classified with frequent problems. Consolidation of the percentage of respondents with the frequent problems and the significant problems resulted in a total of 28.8 percent presenting with problematic Internet use. A gender difference with regard to problematic Internet use was evident, with male students scoring higher on both the Internet Addiction Test and the Online Cognition Scale. Time spent online for non-academic purpose was positively correlated with problematic Internet use, whereas both age and GPA were negatively correlated with problematic Internet use. The hard science students were more likely to be problematic Internet users than soft science and fine arts students while freshmen students were more vulnerable to problematic Internet use than graduate students. Overall, the findings of this study support previous research except for Internet applications and services used by college students. The percentage of online chatting users has dramatically jumped from mere 9.1% (Scherer, 1997) to 56.4%. In contrast to this jump, the percentage of Usenet service use has decreased from 36.9% (Scherer, 1997) to 11.7%. Relatively new services such as blog/social networking and file sharing, which were not reported in earlier studies conducted by Scherer (1997) and Young (1996, 1998), have become increasingly popular. It seems that, as network technology is evolving and more services have become available, the trend of Internet use is also changing.
Role of Exosomes in Crosstalk Between Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Cancer Cells

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important cells of the tumor microenvironment that can communicate with tumor cells through various mechanisms. Recently, increasing studies have found that exosomes transmit biological information by carrying microRNAs, lncRNAs, proteins, metabolites, and other substances, and thus exert biological and therapeutic effects. CAF-secreted exosomes can also affect the tumor phenotype, while the exosomes released by tumor cells can activate CAFs. Here, we review the role of exosomes in the crosstalk between CAFs and tumor cells and elaborate its mechanism.
Natural and experimental infection with an attaching and effacing strain of Escherichia coli in calves

Gnotobiotic calves were inoculated with an O5:K4:H-, urease-positive strain of Escherichia coli isolated from a 2-day-old calf with diarrhea. The calves developed elevated temperatures and passed loose mucoid feces, with or without blood. The E. coli strain was negative for heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxins but produced high levels of Shiga-like toxin. Bacteria attached diffusely to the epithelium of the large intestine and multifocally to the epithelium of the ileum. The duodenum and jejunum were not affected. At the sites of bacterial attachment, microvilli were effaced, enterocytes were degenerate, and necrosis and exfoliation had occurred. These results confirm a previous report from England that calves may naturally contract infections similar to those caused by enteropathogenic E. coli strains pathogenic to humans or rabbits. This suggests that the calf bacterial strains, like some enteropathogenic E. coli strains, produce high levels of Shiga-like toxin and cause attachment and effacement lesions in the colonic epithelium of the infected host.
The Rate and Cost of Hospital Readmissions for Preventable Conditions

The study estimates the rate and cost of preventable readmissions within 6 months after a first preventable admission, by age-group, and by payer and race within age-group. The descriptive results are contrasted with several hypotheses. The hospital discharge data are for residents of New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Wisconsin in 1999, from files of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. About 19 percent of persons with an initial preventable admission had at least one preventable readmission rate within 6 months. Hospital cost for preventable readmissions during 6 months was about $730 million. There were substantial differences in readmission rates by payer group and by race. Some evidence suggests that preventable readmissions may partly reflect complexity of underlying problems. Interventions to reduce cost might focus on identifying high-risk patients before discharge and devising new approaches to follow-up.
Constraints on Warm Dark Matter from Cosmological Reionization

We study the constraints that high-redshift structure formation in the universe places on warm dark matter (WDM) dominated cosmological models. We modify the extended Press-Schechter formalism to derive the halo mass function in WDM models. We show that our predictions agree with recent numerical simulations at low redshift over the halo masses of interest. Applying our model to galaxy formation at high redshift, we find that the loss of power on small scales, together with the delayed collapse of low-mass objects, results in strong limits on the root-mean-square velocity dispersion vrms,0 of the WDM particles at redshift zero. For fermions decoupling while relativistic, these limits are equivalent to constraints on the mass mX of the particles. The presence of a ≈4 × 109 M ☉ supermassive black hole at redshift 5.8, believed to power the quasar SDSS 1044-1215, implies mX ≳ 0.5 keV (or vrms,0 ≲ 0.10 km s-1), assuming that the quasar is unlensed and radiating at or below the Eddington limit. Reionization by redshift 5.8 also implies a limit on mX. If high-redshift galaxies produce ionizing photons with an efficiency similar to their redshift-three counterparts, we find mX ≳ 1.2 keV (or vrms,0 ≲ 0.03 s-1). However, given the uncertainties in current measurements from the proximity effect of the ionizing background at redshift three, values of mX as low as 0.75 keV (or vrms,0 = 0.06 s-1) are not ruled out. The limit weakens further to mX ≳ 0.4 keV (or vrms,0 ≲ 0.14 s-1), if, instead, the ionizing-photon production efficiency is 10 times greater at high redshift, but this limit will tighten considerably if reionization is shown in the future to have occurred at higher redshifts. WDM models with mX ≲ 1 keV (or vrms,0 ≳ 0.04 s-1) produce a low-luminosity cutoff in the high-redshift galaxy luminosity function that is directly detectable with the Next Generation Space Telescope, and which serves as a direct constraint on mX.
Neural network diagnosis of malignant melanoma from color images

Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of all skin cancers. Approximately 32,000 new cases of malignant melanoma were diagnosed in 1991 in the United States, with approximately 80% of patients expected to survive 5 years. Fortunately, if detected early, even malignant melanoma may be treated successfully, Thus, in recent years, there has been rising interest in the automated detection and diagnosis of skin cancer, particularly malignant melanoma. Here, the authors present a novel neural network approach for the automated separation of melanoma from 3 benign categories of tumors which exhibit melanoma-like characteristics. The approach uses discriminant features, based on tumor shape and relative tumor color, that are supplied to an artificial neural network for classification of tumor images as malignant or benign. With this approach, for reasonably balanced training/testing sets, the authors are able to obtain above 80% correct classification of the malignant and benign tumors on real skin tumor images. <<ETX>>
Comparative

The abundance and elemental composition of suspended particulate organic matter in the upper layers of the interconnected Mediterranean, Marmara and Black Seas having different ecosystems were determined in 1990-1998. The aim was principally to compare the C:N:P ratio of seston and understand factors controlling the seston composition in near-and off-shore waters of these seas. In the Marmara Sea, euphotic zone average particulate concentrations varied regionally and seasonally between 10-35 ìM for POC, 0.4-4.5 ìM for PON and 0.05-0.45 ìM for PP. These concentrations are mostly above the off-shore Black Sea values but much greater than those measured in the open waters of the north-eastern Mediterranean whose near-shore data are comparable with the seston content of the deep Black Sea. Comparison of C:N:P ratios of seston reveals that atmospheric and land-based phosphorus input influences the C:P and N:P ratios in the near-shore waters. Apparent nutrient deficiencies observed in the water column were not as remarkable in the elemental composition of seston. Unexpectedly, in the NE Mediterranean, N:P ratios from regression analyses of particulate data are very low (7-9) in the coastal region but slightly increase to levels of 10-15 in the open sea. In the Sea of Marmara, the N:P ratios (7-12) of seston are as low as in the Mediterranean, being consistent with the particulate ratios of the Black Sea inflow and NO 3 :PO 4 ratios of the Marmara sub-halocline water. The Black Sea seston is relatively rich in carbonaceous compounds with N:P ratio ranging merely between 15-17 in the open sea but 9-27 in coastal waters where riverine discharges markedly influence the stoichiometry of seston.
Attitudes toward the Aged of Persons Under and Over the Age of Forty

An analysis of attitudes to'ward persons '65 years or older' yielded five factors: Integrity, Fortitude, Social Appeal, Dependability, and Open-mindedness. When the 716 respondents were divided into those aged 40 and over and those under 40, ratings by the older respondents yielded two additional factors: Competence and Reflectiveness. Analyses by sex showed Integrity accounting for the greatest variance in the ratings by females while Social Appeal accounted for the greatest variance in the ratings by males. An unfavourable stereotype of the older person was manifested in the negative pole of Open-mindedness (Rigidity). Positive attitudes toward the elderly were manifested in the variables comprising the first four factors, but this positive stereotype is rarely reported in the literature.
A Fast Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm based Approach for Energy Efficient QoS-Routing in Two-tiered Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Abstract With the growing demand for real time services in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), quality of service (QoS) based routing has emerged as an interesting research topic. But offering some QoS guarantee in sensor networks raises significant challenges. The network needs to cope with battery constraints, while providing QoS (end-to-end delay and reliability) guarantees. Designing such QoS routing protocols that optimize multiple objectives is computationally intractable. Higher power relay nodes can be used as cluster heads in a two-tiered WSN and these relay nodes may form a network among themselves to route data towards the sink. In this model, the QoS guarantee is determined mainly by these relay nodes. In this paper a solution based on NSGA-II is proposed for energy efficient QoS routing in two-tiered WSNs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol outperforms network performance by optimizing multiple QoS parameters and energy consumption.
Symmetry breaking and structure of a mixture of nematic liquid crystals and anisotropic nanoparticles

Summary Orientational ordering of a homogeneous mixture of uniaxial liquid crystalline (LC) molecules and magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) is studied using the Lebwohl–Lasher lattice model. We consider cases where NPs tend to be oriented perpendicularly to LC molecules due to elastic forces. We study domain-type configurations of ensembles, which are quenched from the isotropic phase. We show that for large enough concentrations of NPs the long range uniaxial nematic ordering is replaced by short range order exhibiting strong biaxiality. This suggests that the impact of NPs on orientational ordering of LCs for appropriate concentrations of NPs is reminiscent to the influence of quenched random fields which locally enforce a biaxial ordering.
Masters of Memory

This paper discusses Innovative Silicon's development of the densest and cheapest embedded technology in the world which is called Z-RAM, for zero-capacitor dynamic random access memory. If Z-RAM grabs even a little piece of the on-chip memory market, it will change the ground rules for microprocessor design and quickly make Innovative Silicon a company to be reckoned with. This development is considered to be a success, because its technology could quintuple the amount of memory incorporated into microprocessor chips and make them both cheaper and faster
Disrupted Response Inhibition Toward Facial Anger Cues in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

This event-related potential study focused on neural correlates of inhibitory affective control in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sixteen boys with ADHD and 16 healthy boys underwent an emotional Go/NoGo task with pictures of facial expressions from the categories anger, sadness, happiness, and neutral. The participants were instructed to execute or withhold a motor response to specific emotions. Patients relative to controls displayed a severe impairment in response inhibition toward anger cues, which was accompanied by a reduced P300 amplitude (positive voltage deflection about 300 ms after picture onset). The control group showed a P300 differentiation of the affective categories that was absent in the ADHD group. The pronounced anger-processing deficit in ADHD patients might be linked to their interpersonal difficulties and should be addressed in psychotherapy.
Melting Down Protein Stability: PAPS Synthase 2 in Patients and in a Cellular Environment

Within the crowded and complex environment of the cell, a protein experiences stabilizing excluded-volume effects and destabilizing quinary interactions with other proteins. Which of these prevail, needs to be determined on a case-by-case basis. PAPS synthases are dimeric and bifunctional enzymes, providing activated sulfate in the form of 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) for sulfation reactions. The human PAPS synthases PAPSS1 and PAPSS2 differ significantly in their protein stability as PAPSS2 is a naturally fragile protein. PAPS synthases bind a series of nucleotide ligands and some of them markedly stabilize these proteins. PAPS synthases are of biomedical relevance as destabilizing point mutations give rise to several pathologies. Genetic defects in PAPSS2 have been linked to bone and cartilage malformations as well as a steroid sulfation defect. All this makes PAPS synthases ideal to study protein unfolding, ligand binding, and the stabilizing and destabilizing factors in their cellular environment. This review provides an overview on current concepts of protein folding and stability and links this with our current understanding of the different disease mechanisms of PAPSS2-related pathologies with perspectives for future research and application.