Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Balanced-to-unbalanced Bagley Power Divider with Input-reflectionless Filtering Characteristics

|A novel balanced-to-unbalanced (BTU) Bagley power divider (BPD) with input-re(cid:13)ectionless (cid:12)ltering characteristics is proposed. It features a balanced input port and three single-ended output ports, which is diﬃcult to achieve by means of conventional BTU power dividers. The (cid:12)ltering characteristics are achieved by parallel coupled lines. To further improve the diﬀerential-mode (cid:12)ltering selectivity, stepped impedance resonators are applied to introduce two transmission zeros near the passband. The input-re(cid:13)ectionless characteristic in the bandstop region is achieved by loading absorptive branches. For verifying the proposed power divider topology, a prototype of microstrip BTU Bagley power divider operating at 1.0 GHz is designed and fabricated with 3-dB (cid:12)ltering bandwidth of 72%. Furthermore, 10-dB input-re(cid:13)ectionless bandwidth covers the full measurement frequency from 0 to 2.5 GHz. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement validated the proposed method.
Wearable Chemosensors in Physiological Monitoring

The development of flexible electronic technology has led to significant advancements in wearable sensors. In the past decades, wearable chemosensors have received much attention from researchers worldwide due to their high portability, flexibility, lightweight, and adaptability. It allows real-time access to the user’s physiological status at the molecular level to analyze their health status. Therefore, it can be widely used in the field of precision medicine. This review introduces the sensing mechanisms of wearable chemosensors and recent progress in wearable sweat and interstitial fluid-based chemosensors. The complexities of wearable chemosensors are not to be underestimated, as there are considerable challenges in this field. This review aims to shed light on the difficulties associated with designing wearable sweat and interstitial fluid-based chemosensors and their potential development directions.
Re-Analysis of Historical Data and Model Calibration of Duration of Load Effect on Structural Timber

The duration of load (DOL) effect in structure timber refers to the degradation of strength and stiffness that occurs under long-term continuous loading. This paper investigated the DOL effect in structure timber using DOL tests and DOL damage models. Based on the empirical-fitted formulae, the DOL coefficients were derived for three long-term sustained loads in bending, tension perpendicular to grain, and shear parallel to grain, and the results were compared and analyzed with the Madison equation, Gerhards model, Nielsen model, and Foschi and Yao model derivations to verify the applicability of the DOL empirical model and the three DOL damage models. The results show that based on the historical data of the DOL tests, the Madison empirical formula was found to be better applied to the derivation of DOL coefficients under the bending and tension perpendicular to grain long-term sustained loading, and the derivation of DOL coefficients under shear loading is not satisfactory. Among the three DOL damage models, the Foschi and Yao model was better than the Gerhards and Nielsen models for fitting the DOL test results under bending, tension perpendicular to grain, and shear parallel to grain. The DOL coefficients derived based on the Foschi and Yao model are more comparable to test results and resemble those derived from the Madison formula.
Simulation Model of Cocoa Transportation in Central Java Indonesia

Indonesia is the sixth-largest producer of cocoa beans in the world. Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities that play an important role in Indonesia's economic development. A cocoa factory in central Java Indonesia is a producer of processed cocoa products and plays an important role in the distribution of cocoa beans in central Java Indonesia. However, the transportation management of cocoa bean distribution from sub-district collectors to cacao factories is not optimal. It is due to the shipments from suppliers being uncertain, the number of transportation modes of transportation is not fixed so that the allocation of transportation capacity is not fulfilled, distribution times are not appropriate, and long distances to travel which resulted in waste of transportation costs. This study proposes an agent-based simulation model for a complex cocoa distribution process. This simulation is then carried out in several scenarios to get the optimization of the number of transportation modes and transportation costs.
A new genus Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium (Helotiales, Ascomycota) discovered mainly from poaceous grasses native to Asia in Japan

﻿Abstract Mollisioid fungi, represented by Mollisia (Fr.) P. Karst. , are characterized by soft, sessile apothecia with globose, dark-celled excipula, hyaline ascospores, and worldwide distribution in temperate regions. Their generic and species delimitation is difficult due to the lack of distinct features, and studies based on DNA sequences are urgently required. Two genera of mollisioid fungi, Belonopsis and Trichobelonium, comprise relatively few species and are recognized by (0–)1–3-septate ascospores, medullary excipulum composed of loosely interwoven hyphae, and calcium oxalate crystals in the excipulum. Specimens of undescribed species that are morphologically assignable to Belonopsis or Trichobelonium were collected from various sites in Japan and their assignment to the proper genera was attempted. According to a molecular phylogenetic analysis involving members of Mollisiaceae based on concatenated sequences of ITS, LSU, and RPB1, eight taxonomic entities were placed in a strongly supported single clade with Mollisiadiesbachiana, separated from the type species of Belonopsis, B.excelsior. A new genus Neobelonopsis was thus proposed to accommodate the undescribed species. In this study, eight new species of Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium were described. A new combination was also proposed for M.diesbachiana. The generic distinction of Neobelonopsis and Trichobelonium was supported by molecular analysis. Some additional characteristics to delimit Trichobelonium were identified, such as the presence of anchoring hyphae between the base of the apothecium and subiculum, and the production of abundant crystals and soluble pigments on the colonies. Derivative species of Neobelonopsis were found to have multi-septa in ascospores.
Moderating Role of Governance in Growth-Technology-Environment Nexus: Evidence from Developing Economies

Competition among economies to attain maximum economic growth has led to environmental degradation. At the same time, technological innovations are empirically validated for having a role in achieving sustainable development. Good governance could make appropriate measures to design frameworks, develop instruments, and set targets to protect the environment. The current study intends to check the nexus among technological innovations, energy consumption, economic growth, and environmental degradation for a panel of 40 developing countries. The panel data of developing economies for a period of 25 years (from 1996 to 2020) was collected. The relationship was theoretically and econometrically modeled and finally analyzed using the dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The empirical results of the dynamic panel GMM technique reveal significant and insightful relationships between the variables and their impact on environmental degradation (CO2 emissions). Technological innovations and renewable energy consumption negatively affect CO2 emissions, while economic growth, financial development, and globalization have positive effects. By moderating the growth-technology-environment nexus, governance enhances the positive impact of technological innovations and renewable energy consumption while mitigating the adverse effects of economic growth on CO2 emissions. These findings have important implications for policymakers addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable development.
The St. George Group (Lower Ordovician), western Newfoundland: sedimentology, diagenesis, and cryptalgal structures

Detailed stratigraphic examination was undertaken of the Lower Ordovician Isthmus Bay, Catoche, and Aguathuna Formations, St. George Group, in western Newfoundland, Lithologic descriptions were grouped into seven peritidal lithotopes, with additional descriptions of the effects of erosion and subaerial exposure, such as hardground formation, evaporite precipitation, and karstification. The vertical oscillation of lithotopes generates sequences rather than ideal shallowing upward cycles. These sequences show that the continental shelf in western Newfoundland, in Lower Ordovician time, was a patchwork of low-relief islands and banks whose character differed geographically and changed with time, as the shelf slowly subsided. Slight uplift and subaerial exposure of the shelf occurred at the end of the Lower Ordovician, resulting in irregular erosion. -- Cryptalgal structures of very diverse character are related to environmental and biological parameters that interacted in a complex way. Laminated structures, stromatolites and cryptalgal laminites, formed in inter- and supratidal areas areas characterized by the episodic addition of sediment. Thrombolite mounds were common in the subtidal zone, where sedimentation onto algal mats resulted in unlaminated microstructure. In places, sponges, primitive corals and the 'calcareous' algae Renalcis contributed to their framework. These mounds are ecologic reefs of surprising complexity, supporting a benthic flora and fauna of all major trophic groups occupying most niches. These reefs occur in the transition period from algal-dominated bioherms to metazoan-dominated bioherms of the later Phanerozoic. Cryptalgal microstructures can be separated into a number of recurring types and a classification is proposed that can be amended to include types not recognized in the St. George. 'Calcareous' algae such as Girvanella and Renalcis are interpreted to be diagenetic taxa resulting from the calcification of blue-green algae. -- The calcareous sediments of the St. George underwent diagenetic modification beginning on the sea floor and continuing until the Upper Mississippian. Processes included synsedimentary and burial calcite cementation, neomorphism, silicate authigenesis, silicification, burial and epigenetic dolomitization. Galena and sphalerite mineralization occurred during epigenetic dolomitization and colloform vein formation. The paragenetic sequence seems typical of Lower Paleozoic peritidal shelf and epeiric carbonate sediments.
Evaluation and Driving Determinants of the Coordination between Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand: A Case Study in Shanxi Province

Understanding the coordination relationship between ecosystem service (ES) supply and demand and elucidating the impact of driving factors is critical for regional land use planning and ecological sustainability. We use a large watershed area as a case to map and analyze ES supply, demand and the coordination relationship, and identify the associated socio-ecological driving variables. This study assessed the supply and demand of five ESs (crop production, water retention, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and outdoor recreation) in 2000 and 2020, and evaluated the coordination between them employing the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM). Additionally, we utilized the geo-detector model (GDM) to identify driving determinants and their interactive effects on the spatial pattern of the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between ES supply and demand. The results showed that mountainous regions with abundant forest coverage were high-value areas for ES supply, while the ESs were predominantly required in city center areas within each basin area. From 2000 to 2020, there was a slight decline in ES supply and a significant increase in ES demand. Counties were grouped into four coordination zones in the study area: extreme incoordination, moderate incoordination, reluctant coordination, and moderate coordination. The number of counties with extreme incoordination linked to regions with a mountain ecosystem is increasing, where the ES supply is much greater than the demand. The moderate incoordination counties dominated by a cropland ecosystem exhibited slightly higher levels of ES supply than demand. The moderate and reluctant coordination were linked to counties with distinct ecological characteristics. Construction land played a major role in the characteristics of the CCD, followed by grassland. The interaction between construction land and all other factors significantly increased the influence on the CCD. These findings offered valuable insights for land managers to identify areas characterized by incoordination between ES supply and demand and understand associated factors to develop optimal ES management strategies.
Statistica Sinica Preprint No: SS-2023-0071

Abstract: The use of complex three-dimensional (3D) objects is growing in various applications as data collection techniques continue to evolve. Identifying and locating significant effects within these objects is essential for making informed decisions based on the data. This article presents an advanced nonparametric method for learning and inferring complex 3D objects, enabling accurate estimation of the underlying signals and efficient detection and localization of significant effects. The proposed method addresses the problem of analyzing irregular-shaped 3D objects by modeling them as functional data and utilizing trivariate spline smoothing based on triangulations to estimate the underlying signals. We develop a highly efficient procedure that accurately estimates the mean and covariance functions, as well as the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Furthermore, we rigorously establish the asymptotic properties of these estimators. Additionally, a novel approach for constructing simultaneous confidence corridors to quantify estimation uncertainty is presented, and the procedure is extended to accommodate comparisons between two independent samples. The finite-sample performance of the proposed methods is illustrated through numerical experiments and a real-data application using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.
Research on digital twin system for railway station signals

Railway signal is the technical assembly to ensure the safety of railway traffic, how to intuitively observe the operation of railway signal equipment is crucial, two-dimensional state of the computer interlocking system obviously can no longer meet the current needs of the times, digital twin as a new technology, can be observed from a dynamic multi-dimensional, multi-scale perspective of the physical world, cognitive, this paper will be based on the computer interlocking system, through the digital twin. This paper will establish a station digital twin software based on the computer chain system, based on the establishment of this system, it can monitor the railway signal in real time intuitively; this system can show the working process and working principle of the station signal equipment in detail, and achieve the effect of three station redisplay, so it also has a positive effect on the training of station staff and students studying railway signal system.
Are SMEs Avoiding Compliance Costs? Evidence from VAT Reforms in Japan

This study disentangles the motives behind enterprises’ responses to size-dependent tax regulations by exploiting value-added tax (VAT) reforms in Japan. Tax threshold and tax rate in Japan have changed over the past three decades since the introduction of VAT. We build on the model of Harju et al. (2019) to incorporate various tax reforms and conducted bunching estimation. By using a novel panel of the Japanese Census of Manufacture covering the periods of VAT introduction and reforms, we find from the local estimates that the observed output response of enterprises is mainly caused by compliance costs rather than tax rates for small enterprises in Japan. The results suggest that the authorities would be better served by easing compliance costs while enhancing tax revenue to improve the efficiency of tax design
Selective Water Oxidation to H2O2 on TiO2 Surfaces with Redox-Active Allosteric Sites

: Generation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) by electrocatalytic water oxidation is a promising approach for renewable energy utilization that motivates the development of selective catalytic materials. Here, we report a combined theoretical and experimental study, showing that alloyed TiO 2 electrodes embedded with subsurface redox-active transition metals enable water oxidation to H 2 O 2 at low overpotentials. Density functional theory calculations show that first-row transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) serve as reservoirs of oxidizing equivalents that couple to substrate binding sites on the surface of redox-inert metal oxides. The distinct sites for substrate binding and redox state transitions reduce the overpotential of the critical first step of water oxidation, the oxidization of H 2 O * to HO * (“ * ” = adsorbed), enhancing the selectivity for H 2 O 2 . Electrochemical analysis of alloyed TiO 2 electrodes with subsurface Mn fabricated by atomic layer deposition confirms the theoretical predictions, showing enhanced selectivity for H 2 O 2 generation (>90%) due to a significant shift of the onset potential (1.8 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), a 500 mV cathodic shift when compared to pristine TiO 2 (2.3 V vs RHE). These findings show that otherwise inert metal oxides with subsurface redox-active sites represent a promising class of catalytic materials for a wide range of applications due to the uncoupling of substrate binding and catalytic redox-state transitions.
Facial affect recognition in context in adults with and without TBI

Introduction Several studies have reported impaired emotion recognition in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but studies have two major design features that limit application of results to real-world contexts: (1) participants choose from among lists of basic emotions, rather than generating emotion labels, and (2) images are typically presented in isolation rather than in context. To address these limitations, we created an open-labeling task with faces shown alone or in real-life scenes, to more closely approximate how adults with TBI label facial emotions beyond the lab. Methods Participants were 55 adults (29 female) with moderate to severe TBI and 55 uninjured comparison peers, individually matched for race, sex, and age. Participants viewed 60 photographs of faces, either alone or in the pictured person’s real-life context, and were asked what that person was feeling. We calculated the percent of responses that were standard forced-choice-task options, and also used sentiment intensity analysis to compare verbal responses between the two groups. We tracked eye movements for a subset of participants, to explore whether gaze duration or number of fixations helped explain any group differences in labels. Results Over 50% of responses in both groups were words other than basic emotions on standard affect tasks, highlighting the importance of eliciting open-ended responses. Valence of labels by participants with TBI was attenuated relative to valence of Comparison group labels, i.e., TBI group responses were less positive to positive images and the same was true for negative images, although the TBI group responses had higher lexical diversity. There were no significant differences in gaze duration or number of fixations between groups. Discussion Results revealed qualitative differences in affect labels between adults with and without TBI that would not have emerged on standard forced-choice tasks. Verbal differences did not appear to be attributable to differences in gaze patterns, leaving open the question of mechanisms of atypical affect processing in adults with TBI.
Efficacy and Key Materials of East Asian Herbal Medicine Combined with Conventional Medicine on Inflammatory Skin Lesion in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Meta-Analysis, Integrated Data Mining, and Network Pharmacology

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that places a great burden on both individuals and society. The use of East Asian herbal medicine (EAHM) in combination with conventional medications is emerging as an effective strategy to control the complex immune-mediated inflammation of this disease from an integrative medicine (IM) perspective. The safety and efficacy of IM compared to conventional medicine (CM) were evaluated by collecting randomized controlled trial literature from ten multinational research databases. We then searched for important key materials based on integrated drug data mining. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to predict the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect. Data from 126 randomized clinical trials involving 11,139 patients were used. Compared with CM, IM using EAHM showed significant improvement in the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) 60 (RR: 1.4280; 95% CI: 1.3783–1.4794; p < 0.0001), PASI score (MD: −3.3544; 95% CI: −3.7608 to −2.9481; p < 0.0001), inflammatory skin lesion outcome, quality of life, serum inflammatory indicators, and safety index of psoriasis. Through integrated data mining of intervention data, we identified four herbs that were considered to be representative of the overall clinical effects of IM: Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. , Isatis tinctoria subsp. athoa (Boiss.) Papan. , Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews, and Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. They were found to have mechanisms to inhibit pathological keratinocyte proliferation and immune-mediated inflammation, which are major pathologies of psoriasis, through multiple pharmacological actions on 19 gene targets and 8 pathways in network pharmacology analysis. However, the quality of the clinical trial design and pharmaceutical quality control data included in this study is still not optimal; therefore, more high-quality clinical and non-clinical studies are needed to firmly validate the information explored in this study. This study is informative in that it presents a focused hypothesis and methodology for the value and direction of such follow-up studies.