Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Laser Fabrication of Microchannels on Aluminium Alloy Substrate

Aluminium alloy 6061 has a versatile application within industrial heat exchangers, heat sinks, chemical equipment, and frames of aircraft and ships. Its physical and mechanical properties such as lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal and electrical conductivity make it a suitable material choice for these applications. Within thermal and micro-electromechanical applications, such as heat exchanges, radiators, and heat sinks used in microelectronics, the dissipation of heat plays an important role. For optimum heat dissipation, a higher surface area is required. This can be achieved by modifying the surface by fabricating microchannels. A number of processing techniques are used for fabricating microchannels on different materials. A laser is a flexible non-contact machining tool that may be used to create any profile or contour on practically any material. In recent times due to the advancement in laser technology, the use of ultrafast laser material processing is one potential route toward further extending the fabrication of high-quality microchannels without defects caused due to heat-affected zones and in a sustainable manner. In this paper, we present an experimental work of fabrication of microchannels on an aluminium alloy 6061 surfaces by using a low power (<4 W) 400 fs laser system. The dimensional accuracy of the fabricated microchannels is assessed using scanning electron microscopy and 3D profilometry. Furthermore, as processing speed and scale is of importance in industrial laser processes, the use of scanning optics is examined as a means of developing a rapid and scalable ultrafast laser process.
Geomagnetic Models and Edge Recognition of Hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits at Mid-ocean Ridges

Near-bottom magnetic prospecting is considered to be an efficient method for investigating inactive hydrothermal areas and the study of the spatial structure of hydrothermal systems. Furthermore, geophysical forward modeling is widely used to simulate the anomalous characteristics of geological bodies. To understand the magnetic and magnetic structure features of hydrothermal sulfide deposits at mid-ocean ridges, we built 3D forward models for both mafic- and ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposits to simulate the near-bottom magnetic field. Our modeling results showed a low amplitude magnetic anomaly above the mafic-hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposits, and a high amplitude magnetic anomaly above the ultramafic-hosted deposits. These features allow us to identify and classify the host rocks of hydrothermal sulfide deposits. Moreover, we can recognize the edge of the magnetic anomalies using the intensity of the spatial differential vector method, considering variables such as the width of the alteration zone, the height of the observation platform, and the magnetic inclination and declination. Therefore, we propose the intensity of the spatial differential vector method as an effective approach to define the boundaries of hydrothermal sulfide deposits.
Qualitative Social Work

The aim of this article is to suggest a useful approach demonstrating the focal role of processes of reflectivity in qualitative research. In particular, we distinguish between levels of analysis and analytical procedures for generating and organizing the interpretation of data and meanings in knowledge construction. We argue that reflective processes simultaneously involve both a state of mind and an active engagement. Within this context, reflective processes may refer to deliberate awareness involving both a contemplative stance (state of mind) and intentional activity aimed at recognizing differentness and generating knowledge (active engagement). Specifically, we identify four levels of reflection: observation, informants’ accounts, text deliberation, and contextualization and reconstruction. Simultaneously, we suggest several practical analytical procedures of reflectivity, which emanate from a dialectical line of thinking, including figure and ground, pre-existing expectations, apparent contradictions and opposites, and turning points (epiphanies). The dialectical approach to qualitative inquiry presented here maintains that discrepancies and opposites found at one level of analysis may be reconciled at a higher level of conceptual integration. During this process, the researcher ARTICLE
Problems with Darvic Color-bands on Common Terns: Band Losses and Foot Injuries

In 1988, I started to color-band Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) as part of ongoing studies of behavior. I chose to use Darvic(R) (high-density polyethylene) color-bands because they were reported to be more durable and colorfast than the celluloid bands that had been used previously on this species. I color-banded 289 adults in 1988 and 1989, and retrapped or resighted many of these individuals in 1989 and 1990. During the 1989 season, I found that several birds had lost color-bands and that a few others had foot injuries apparently caused by the color-bands. This paper describes my observations of these problems in 1989 and 1990 and my attempts to solve them. Parallel studies on Roseate Terns (S. dougallii) in this and other breeding colonies will be reported separately.
Synthesis, Characterization and Surface Properties of Nano-TiO2 Using a Novel Leaf Extracts

The main focus of research is on the nature of applications in the fields of science and technology, particularly nanotechnology. In this paper, a simple, non-toxic, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly green method was used to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles using the extraction of portulacaria afra plant leaves and TiCl4 as a precursor. The synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The SEM image of TiO2 nanoparticles showed a few spherical, non-agglomerated particles. The average diameter of the nanoparticles, according to the surface topography of TiO2-NPs, is 70.24 nm. It was found that the average crystalline size was 18.9 nm by utilizing the Debye-Scherrer equation to calculate the size of the crystals. The vibrational mode of Ti-O-Ti exhibits a distinctive peak in the broad band centered at 578.64, 547.78, and 514.99 cm-1, which denotes the development of metal-oxygen bonding, confirming the presence of TiO2-NPs. The specific surface of the synthesized particles was calculated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller BET equation.
Cell lineage specific expression of matrix metalloproteinases -2 and -9 in transgenic mice

Mammalian extracellular matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs, are a family of enzymes capable of degrading components of the connective tissue. The in vivo regulation of the cell lineage-specific expression of MMPs, however, is not well known. This study used transgenic mice to identify cellspecific elements in the upstream regulatory regions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Transgenic mice were generated by pronuclear microinjections into fertilised oocytes using lacZ as a reporter gene. The reporter gene constructs containing varying lengths of the MMP-9 5'-upstream region revealed an area that allowed for expression in osteoclasts and migrating keratinocytes, the cells that also express MMP-9 in vivo. The sequence driving the cell specific expression included the nucleotides from -
Autonomous Vehicles Trajectory Prediction Approach Using Machine Learning Test

Autonomous driving is the ability for a vehicle to sense the environment and act based on that without human involvement. Although this is useful and can provide many desired features to drivers, it still needs improvement and more investigation to provide safety since accidents could be fatal to human lives on top of the economical cost that resulted from it. Autonomous vehicles trajectory prediction could be used in reducing these losses by predicting the future path of the vehicle and the surrounding ones. In this work we addressed the problem of low accuracy machine learning trajectory prediction models, we propose an approach to implement a ML trajectory prediction model after applying Random Forest Regressor for feature selection and then using two ML classifiers (Decision Tree and Naive Bayes) to build the ML model. The best results were produced using the Decision Tree model without the feature selection phase (accuracy 99.99%, precision 100%, recall 99.99% and F1-score 94%). After using the feature selection, Decision Tree also scores the highest performance results (accuracy 94.80%, precision 78.30%, recall 80.10% and F1-score 79.20%) with execution time reduction 28.7% resulting of the Random Forest Regressor feature selection stage). After conducting the performance evaluation, it was shown that the proposed approach outperforms 3 previous approaches in the same research area.
Climatology of Storm Characteristics in Costa Rica using the TRMM Precipitation Radar

AbstractTropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar precipitation features are analyzed to understand the role of storm characteristics on the seasonal and diurnal cycles of precipitation in four distinct regions in Costa Rica. The distribution of annual rainfall is highly dependent on the stratiform precipitation, driven largely by seasonal increases in stratiform area. The monthly distribution of stratiform rain is bimodal in most regions, but the timing varies regionally and is related to several important large-scale features: the Caribbean low-level jet, the ITCZ, and the Chorro del Occidente Colombiano (CHOCO) jet. The relative importance of convective precipitation increases on the Caribbean side during wintertime cold air surges. Except for the coastal Caribbean domain, most regions show a strong diurnal cycle with an afternoon peak in convection followed by an evening increase in stratiform rain. Along the Caribbean coast, the diurnal cycle is weaker, with evidence of convection assoc.
Anthropometric cutoff values for detecting metabolic abnormalities in Jordanian adults

Objectives: To determine cutoff values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as indicators of metabolic abnormalities in the adult Jordanian population. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to collect relevant information. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical measurements were carried out. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were used to examine the overall discriminatory power of the four anthropometric indices. Results: WC cutoff values varied from 88.5 to 91.8 cm in men and from 84.5 to 88.5 cm in women. The BMI cutoff values varied from 26.2 to 27.2 kg/m 2 in men and from 27.2 to 30.0 kg/m 2 in women. The WHR cutoff values varied from 0.88 to 0.90 in men and from 80.0 to 0.83 in women. The WHtR cutoff values varied from 0.50 to 0.51 in men and women. Of all anthropometric indices, WHtR had the strongest association with each metabolic abnormality in men and women. Conclusion: BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR were found to be associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, with WHtR being the better predictor. We recommend that health care professionals use WHtR, with a cutoff value of 0.5 for screening and counseling Jordanian people.
Determining the Paleoclimate and Elevation of the Late Eocene Florissant Flora: Support from the Coexistence Approach

Published estimates on the paleoclimate of the Florissant fossil beds site of Colorado (34.1 Ma) have led to extremely different estimates of paleoelevation. The purpose of this paper is to review the paleoclimate methods used and to add the coexistence approach (CA) method to estimate paleotemperature for the Florissant site. The basis of the CA method is the dependence on overlapping climatic requirements for different taxa in the flora and their nearest living relatives. These relationships tie the fossil identities to the actual plant habitats and climatic requirements of close relatives. Based on the CA method, we conclude that the mean annual temperature ranged between 14.3 and 18.2 °C. These results support the conclusions offered by several other studies that the Florissant was a warm temperate to subtropical flora, and they are consistent with recent conclusions by structural geologists as well as other studies, indicating that the Florissant site was deposited at a relatively low elevation, prob.
LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 12 : 2 February 2012

Languages have various devices that ensure the principle of linguistic economy since they provide a way of avoiding duplication and of following the maxim of "Be concise". Such devices include: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion. Ellipsis is a kind of reduction and it is used to avoid repetition. Therefore, it can be defined as a device of leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately when the meaning can be understood without them. The present study is intended to conduct a linguistic analysis of Mansfield's short story "The Doll's House", showing how ellipsis, in its different types, function in a literary text. This analysis aims also at showing the important part ellipsis plays in revealing something about the characters and character traits, i.e., their personalities. Besides, the analysis indirectly helps reflect the theme of "class distinction". In short, ellipsis is shown not only as a device to achieve economy, but of drawing attention as well.
LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 10 : 10 October 2010

This study was conducted to investigate whether there was relationship of classroom learning environment with attitude of secondary school students, gender differences and location-wise differences in Pakistani context in which English is taught as a foreign language. Data were collected from 720 secondary school students in 06 districts of the Punjab Province. Two questionnaires were used, one for learning environment and second for measuring students attitude towards English language. After the instruments were found to be reliable and valid, Data were analyzed statistically. Mean score of each item of the two questionnaires was calculated to find central tendency of responses. Gender differences were analyzed by using t-test and Pearson Correlation was calculated to find out relationship between learning environment and attitude towards English. Analysis showed that significant differences were found between male and female students on classroom learning environment and attitude towards English. It is further concluded that female students were more favorable on classroom learning environment and had more positive attitude towards the learning of English. Significant positive correlation was found between classroom learning environment and attitude towards the learning of English. Results showed that learning environment may be made
Journal of Reproduction and Development

We investigated the effects of long-term repeated treatments with a sustainable gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, degarelix acetate, on testicular hormonal secretion, size, ultrasound images, histology and spermatogenesis in goats to assess its efficacy as a chemical castration method. Male Shiba goats (3–6 months of age) were treated subcutaneously with degarelix acetate every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Plasma testosterone and insulin-like peptide 3 concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) within 2 days after the first treatment and remained low until 29 weeks (P < 0.05). Scrotal circumference and testicular pixel intensity were lower from 2–6 months and from 1–6 months, respectively, compared to the pretreatment values (P < 0.05). The testis and epididymis weights were lower at 24 weeks compared to those in untreated goats (P < 0.05). There were no sperm in the seminiferous tubules of testicular tissue sections or in homogenates of the epididymis at 24 weeks. These results suggest that repeated treatment with degarelix acetate is an effective chemical castration method for goats.
W ISH YOU WERE HERE : H INDSIGHT G OAL S ELECTION FOR LONG - HORIZON DEXTEROUS MANIPULATION

Complex sequential tasks in continuous-control settings often require agents to successfully traverse a set of “narrow passages” in their state space. Solving such tasks with a sparse reward in a sample-efficient manner poses a challenge to modern reinforcement learning (RL) due to the associated long-horizon nature of the problem and the lack of sufficient positive signal during learning. Various tools have been applied to address this challenge. When available, large sets of demonstrations can guide agent exploration. Hindsight relabelling on the other hand does not require additional sources of information. However, existing strategies explore based on task-agnostic goal distributions, which can render the solution of long-horizon tasks impractical. In this work, we extend hindsight relabelling mechanisms to guide exploration along task-specific distributions implied by a small set of successful demonstrations. We evaluate the approach on four complex, single and dual arm, robotics manipulation tasks against strong suitable baselines. The method requires far fewer demonstrations to solve all tasks and achieves a significantly higher overall performance as task complexity increases. Finally, we investigate the robustness of the proposed solution with respect to the quality of input representations and the number of demonstrations.
foF2 Long Term Trends at Ouagadougou Station

A trough station (Ouagadougou station) of African Equatorial Ionization Anomaly sector foF2 long term trends are carried out after the elimination of solar cycle long term variation part. For this part, foF2 is expressed as a third degree polynomial function of Rz. We analyzed diurnal, seasonal and annual foF2 long term trends during 30 years covering the period 1966-1996. Diurnal trend variation showed positive hourly trend at the morning (slope maximum value at 0400 LT: + 1.5 x 10 -3 per year) and at night (slope maximum value at 2200 LT: + 0.7 x 10 -3
Communications in Mathematical Physics The Selberg Zeta Function for Convex Co-Compact Schottky Groups

We give a new upper bound on the Selberg zeta function for a convex cocompact Schottky group acting on the hyperbolic space Hn+1: in strips parallel to the imaginary axis the zeta function is bounded by exp(C|s|δ) where δ is the dimension of the limit set of the group. This bound is more precise than the optimal global bound exp(C|s|n+1), and it gives new bounds on the number of resonances (scattering poles) of \Hn+1. The proof of this result is based on the application of holomorphic L2techniques to the study of the determinants of the Ruelle transfer operators and on the quasi-self-similarity of limit sets. We also study this problem numerically and provide evidence that the bound may be optimal. Our motivation comes from molecular dynamics and we consider \Hn+1 as the simplest model of quantum chaotic scattering.
Emerging vesiculo-type virus infections of freshwater fishes in Europe

Rhabdoviruses were isolated from perch Perca fluviatilis and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides exhibiting clinical signs of disease. Preliminary studies indicated that these viruses could be neutralised by antisera to perch rhabdovirus (Dorson et al. 1984) and may be similar to those previously isolated from grayling Thymallus thymallus and pike-perch Stizostedion stizostedion. The relationship between these viruses and the previously characterised fish rhabdoviruses, pike fry rhabdovirus (PFRV), spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) and lake trout rhabdovirus, was investigated. Viruses were propagated in bluegill fry (BF-2) cells and were characterised using electron microscopy, serum neutralisation tests, immunofluorescence tests, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and nucleotide sequence analysis. The bullet-shaped viral particles appeared to be compact, with spikes visible at the surface, a morphology similar to that of the vesiculovirus group of rhabdoviruses. Serum neutralisation tests showed that the viruses were antigenically closely related to the previously characterised perch rhabdovirus, but were not significantly neutralised by antisera to PFRV, SVCV or viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). In immunofluorescence tests with perch rhabdovirus antisera, strong specific fluorescence was observed in cell cultures infected with the new rhabdovirus isolates, but no fluorescence was observed with antisera to PFRV, SVCV or VHSV. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a polypeptide profile typical of vesiculoviruses, but the novel virus isolates had different relative mobilities of their P and M proteins compared to PFRV and SVCV. Nucleotide sequence analysis was carried out using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing of a 439 base-pair region of the viral L gene. The novel rhabdovirus isolates had <76% nucleotide sequence identity to PFRV, SVCV and lake trout rhabdovirus and >95% identity to perch rhabdovirus. Phylogenetic analysis using both maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining methods assigned the perch rhaboviruses to a separate group to that of PFRV, SVCV and lake trout rhabdovirus. These data are the initial characterisation of a group of emerging fish vesiculo-type viruses that are biochemically and genetically distinct from the PFRV, SVCV and lake trout rhabdoviruses.
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA Y SISTEMAS DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN

i Figures . iii Tables . v Glossary . v 1. Conceptualization . 1 1.1. Motivation . 1 1.2. Goals . 1 1.3. Methodology . 1 1.4. Structure . 2 2. Theoretical background . 4 2.1. Facial Emotion Recognition . 4 2.2. Facial expression recognition system . 7 2.3. Machine Learning . 26 3. Datasets . 37 3.1. The extended Cohn-Kanade Dataset . 37 4. Implementation . 44 4.1. Program design . 44 4.2. Experiments and results . 57 4.2.1. Support Vector Classification . 57 5. Conclusions . 68 6. Bibliography . 70 I. Annex . 74 Installation . 74 File organization . 74