Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The substrate binding domain of DnaK facilitates slow protein refolding

We examined the effects of a fragment of the substrate binding domain of DnaK on protein refolding from chemically denatured states. The fragment DnaK384-638, containing a full-length substrate binding domain, tightly binds to the unfolded protein in solution. The effects of DnaK384-638 on the reactivation of β-galactosidase and luciferase were examined at low substrate concentration and low temperature, conditions in which the folding is significantly slow (several days) but the reactivation yield is higher than those in ordinary refolding conditions. In the presence of DnaK384-638, the maximum yield of active β-galactosidase was improved from 45% to 65% after a 48-h refolding reaction. Spectroscopic experiments showed that DnaK384-638 bound to partially structured monomers of β-galactosidase and consequently suppressed aggregation. DnaK384-638 accelerated the refolding of luciferase to attain equilibrium in 8 h. On the other hand, DnaK386-561, which has no affinity for the substrate, had no chaperone activity for the reactivation of these proteins. These results indicate that the substrate binding of DnaK384-638 facilitates slow protein refolding.
El humanismo en la educación médica

En los ultimos 30 anos se ha considerado, de forma creciente, el enfatizar el retorno al humanismo en medicina como una medida para contrarrestar el “corporativismo” que rodea a los sistemas de salud, ya que parece ser el responsable de la deshumanizacion en la atencion medica que hoy se proporciona. Como medicos educadores, nos encontramos preocupados por el impacto que las conductas profesionales de los medicos ejercen sobre el desarrollo de las actitudes y conductas humanistas de los estudiantes y residentes medicos, sin embargo, aun parece existir cierta confusion de lo que implica el termino “humanista” en este ambito. De esto se deriva la necesidad de aclarar lo que entendemos por “humanismo medico” para lograr un acuerdo general que sustente la evaluacion del humanismo en los medicos y estar en la posibilidad de plantear estrategias pedagogicas explicitas que permitan impulsarlo y fortalecerlo en el ambito de la educacion y la practica medica. En este documento se revisa el concepto clasico de humanismo y su evolucion dentro de la Medicina hasta considerarse como una forma de vida en la que se estima y se hace enfasis en el bienestar del ser humano y se posibilita la construccion de valores y normas.
Understanding Intervention Outcomes

carefully designed follow-up studies that have advanced our understanding of the impact of early interventions on young children’s development. Follow-up studies are especially hard to complete: the funding ends and it is often difficult to locate, much less encourage, the participation of adolescents who were once the children in the study. That Cole and his colleagues were able to secure data from more
Population models for marine reserve design: A retrospective and prospective synthesis

We synthesize results from existing models of marine reserves to identify key theoretical issues that appear to be well understood, as well as issues in need of further exploration. Models of marine reserves are relatively new in the scientific literature; 32 of the 34 theoretical papers we reviewed were published after 1990. These models have focused primarily on questions concerning fishery management at the expense of other objectives such as conservation, scientific understanding, recreation, education, and tourism. Roughly one-third of the models analyze effects on cohorts while the remaining models have some form of complete population dynamics. Few models explicitly include larval dispersal. In a fisheries context, the primary conclusion drawn by many of the complete population models is that reserves increase yield when populations would otherwise be overfished. A second conclusion, resulting primarily from single-cohort models, is that reserves will provide fewer benefits for species with greater adult rates of movement. Although some models are beginning to yield information on the spatial configurations of reserves required for populations with specific dispersal distances to persist, it remains an aspect of reserve design in need of further analysis. Other outstanding issues include the effects of (1) particular forms of density dependence, (2) multispecies interactions, (3) fisher behavior, and (4) effects of concentrated fishing on habitat. Model results indicate that marine reserves could play a beneficial role in the protection of marine systems against overfishing. Additional modeling and analysis will greatly improve prospects for a better understanding of the potential of marine reserves for conserving biodiversity.
Ceramic tile inspection for colour and structural defects

The ceramic tiles manufacturing process has now been completely automated with the exception of the final stage of production concerned with visual inspection. This paper is concerned with the problem of automatic inspection of ceramic tiles using computer vision. It must be noted that the detection of defects in textured surfaces is an important area of automatic industrial inspection that has been largely overlooked by the recent wave of research in machine vision applications. Initially, We outline the benefits to the tile manufacturing industry. This is followed by a categorisation of typical tile defects. Next, we review a number of techniques recently developed to detect various kinds of defects in plain and textured tiles. The techniques range from pin hole and crack detectors for plain tiles based on a set of separable line filters, through textured tile crack detector based on the Wigner distribution and a novel cojoint spatial-spatial frequency representation of texture, to a colour texture tile defect detection algorithm which looks for abnormalities both in chromatic and structural properties of textured tiles. The above automatic inspection procedures have been implemented and tested on a number of tiles using synthetic and real defects. The results suggest that the performance is adequate to provide a basis for a viable commercial visual inspection system.
Strength Training in Female Distance Runners: Impact on Running Economy

This study determined the effects of a 10-week strength training program on running economy in 12 female distance runners who were randomly assigned to either an endurance and strength training program (ES) or endurance training only (E). Training for both groups consisted of steady-state endurance running 4 to 5 days a week, 20 to 30 miles each week. The ES undertook additional weight training 3 days a week. Subjects were tested pre and post for &OV0312;O2, max, treadmill running economy, body composition, and strength. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine significant differences between and within groups. The endurance and strength training program resulted in significant increases in strength (p < 0.05) for the ES in both upper (24.4%) and lower body (33.8%) lifts. There were no differences in treadmill &OV0312;O2, max and body composition in either group. Running economy improved significantly in the ES group, but no significant changes were observed in the E group. The findings suggest that strength training, when added to an endurance training program, improves running economy and has little or no impact on &OV0312;O2, max or body composition in trained female distance runners.
A Review on Mammogram Image Enhancement Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection

The aim of this paper is to review the breast cancer diagnosis methods and breast image enhancement techniques to enable early detection of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the second leading cancer disease in the world. Cancer begins in the cells which are the basic building blocks that make up tissue. Sometimes, the process of cell growth goes wrong and new cells form when the body doesn't need them and old or damaged cells do not die as they should. When this occurs, a build up of cells often forms a mass of tissue called a lump, growth, or tumor. One of the challenges faced by the current mammogram image detection techniques lies in the difficulty of analyzing dense tissues. Mammogram image enhancement is the process of manipulating mammogram images to increase their contrast and decrease the noise present in order to aid radiologists in the detection of abnormalities. This paper details upon the breast cancer detection methods and different types of databases where mammogram images could be collected. Finally, it touches upon various processes to enhance the mammogram images. A variety of enhancement techniques are used to provide rich look of mammogram image to detect breast cancer easily.
Female blue tits adjust parental effort to manipulated male UV attractiveness

The differential allocation hypothesis predicts that parents should adjust their current investment in relation to perceived mate attractiveness if this affects offspring fitness. It should be selectively advantageous to risk more of their future reproductive success by investing heavily in current offspring of high reproductive value but to decrease investment if offspring value is low. If the benefits of mate attractiveness are limited to a particular offspring sex we would instead expect relative investment in male versus female offspring to vary with mate attractiveness, referred to as ‘differential sex allocation’. We present strong evidence for differential allocation of parental feeding effort in the wild and show an immediate effect on a component of offspring fitness. By experimentally reducing male UV crown coloration, a trait known to indicate attractiveness and viability in wild–breeding blue tits (Parus caeruleus), we show that females, but not males, reduce parental feeding rates and that this reduces the skeletal growth of offspring. However, differential sex allocation does not occur. We conclude that blue tit females use male UV coloration as an indicator of expected offspring fitness and adjust their investment accordingly.
EVIDENCE AND NARRATIVES IN PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE: EDITORIAL

The current Special Issue of Psychologia is a product of Guest Editor Tanaka-Matsumi and Editor Yoshikawa’s mutual interest in building the interface of research and practice in psychology. Recent reviews of research findings indicate that psychotherapy is effective and that approximately 75% of those who enter psychotherapy benefit from it (Lambert & Archer, 2006). Earlier, Draguns (1975) pioneered a contextually-oriented definition of psychotherapy as a procedure that is sociocultural in its ends and interpersonal in its means practiced within an explicit and implicit cultural context. Today, evidence-based psychotherapy refers to “a coherent and clinically expert process of assessment, case formulation, identification of goals, treatment planning, alliance building, research-informed intervention, monitoring of progress, adjustment as needed, and termination-all in the context of collaboration with the client (or parent, guardian, or caretaker of the client)” (Goodheart & Kazdin, 2006, 3). perspectives on evidence and is the a accumulation of evidence the effectiveness of psychotherapies
Ustekinumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody to the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, was evaluated as an intravenous induction therapy in two populations with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. Ustekinumab was also evaluated as subcutaneous maintenance therapy. METHODS We randomly assigned patients to receive a single intravenous dose of ustekinumab (either 130 mg or approximately 6 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo in two induction trials. The UNITI-1 trial included 741 patients who met the criteria for primary or secondary nonresponse to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists or had unacceptable side effects. The UNITI-2 trial included 628 patients in whom conventional therapy failed or unacceptable side effects occurred. Patients who completed these induction trials then participated in IM-UNITI, in which the 397 patients who had a response to ustekinumab were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous maintenance injections of 90 mg of ustekinumab (either every 8 weeks or every 12 weeks) or placebo. The primary end point for the induction trials was a clinical response at week 6 (defined as a decrease from baseline in the Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score of ≥100 points or a CDAI score <150). The primary end point for the maintenance trial was remission at week 44 (CDAI score <150). RESULTS The rates of response at week 6 among patients receiving intravenous ustekinumab at a dose of either 130 mg or approximately 6 mg per kilogram were significantly higher than the rates among patients receiving placebo (in UNITI-1, 34.3%, 33.7%, and 21.5%, respectively, with P≤0.003 for both comparisons with placebo; in UNITI-2, 51.7%, 55.5%, and 28.7%, respectively, with P<0.001 for both doses). In the groups receiving maintenance doses of ustekinumab every 8 weeks or every 12 weeks, 53.1% and 48.8%, respectively, were in remission at week 44, as compared with 35.9% of those receiving placebo (P=0.005 and P=0.04, respectively). Within each trial, adverse-event rates were similar among treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease, those receiving intravenous ustekinumab had a significantly higher rate of response than did those receiving placebo. Subcutaneous ustekinumab maintained remission in patients who had a clinical response to induction therapy. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01369329 , NCT01369342 , and NCT01369355 .).
GTP Enhances the Degradation of the Photosystem II D1 Protein Irrespective of Its Conformational Heterogeneity at the QBSite*

The light exposure history and/or binding of different herbicides at the QB site may induce heterogeneity of photosystem II acceptor side conformation that affects D1 protein degradation under photoinhibitory conditions. GTP was recently found to stimulate the D1 protein degradation of photoinactivated photosystem II (Spetea, C., Hundal, T., Lohmann, F., and Andersson, B. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.96, 6547–6552). Here we report that GTP enhances the cleavage of the D1 protein D-E loop following exposure of thylakoid membranes to either high light, low light, or repetitive single turnover flashes but not to trypsin. GTP does not stimulate D1 protein degradation in the presence of herbicides known to affect the accessibility of the cleavage site to proteolysis. However, GTP stimulates degradation that can be induced even in darkness in some photosystem II conformers following binding of the PNO8 herbicide (Nakajima, Y., Yoshida, S., Inoue, Y., Yoneyama, K., and Ono, T. (1995) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1230, 38–44). Both the PNO8- and the light-induced primary cleavage of the D1 protein occur in the grana membrane domains. The subsequent migration of photosytem II containing the D1 protein fragments to the stroma domains for secondary proteolysis is light-activated. We conclude that the GTP effect is not confined to a specific photoinactivation pathway nor to the conformational state of the photosytem II acceptor side. Consequently, GTP does not interact with the site of D1 protein cleavage but rather enhances the activity of the endogenous proteolytic system.
Sexualités prénuptiales, rapports de genre et grossesses non prévues à Ouagadougou

La sexualite premaritale se generalise sur le continent africain, et cette tendance est plus accentuee dans les villes. Bien que l’utilisation du preservatif ait progresse chez les jeunes non maries, de nombreuses etudes montrent que les besoins contraceptifs non satisfaits restent importants dans ce sous-groupe de la population. A partir de donnees qualitatives collectees en 2006 et 2007 a Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (77 entretiens approfondis avec des jeunes femmes et hommes, enquete Emergency Contraception in Africa – ECAF), cet article montre comment un systeme de genre inegalitaire contribue a la survenue de grossesses non prevues avant le mariage. L’activite sexuelle prenuptiale des jeunes femmes reste marquee par la recherche de moralite et de mariage (un mariage plus ou moins differe) ; l’activite sexuelle prenuptiale masculine est souvent caracterisee par une valorisation du multi-partenariat et du plaisir masculin. Les logiques qui sous-tendent l’activite sexuelle prenuptiale peuvent amener les individus a vouloir eviter une grossesse a tout prix, ou au contraire, a releguer la prevention au second plan. Les grossesses non prevues surviennent quand un des partenaires se situe simultanement dans plusieurs logiques a la fois et/ou quand les deux partenaires sont dans des logiques differentes ; dans ce dernier cas, l’asymetrie des motivations des hommes et des femmes place ces dernieres en position de vulnerabilite dans la negociation du preservatif.
Intuitively interactive pamphlets using augmented reality

We developed a multimedia display system for information kiosks that clearly presents the structure and amount of information available in a tangible and interactive environment with an intuitive interface---a common paper pamphlet. With this interface, the visitor understands intuitively the amount and hierarchy of the content based on the number of pages, and there is no limitation on the amount of information because the system augments the pamphlet. Visitor feedback from an ongoing exhibition has shown that the system is indeed promising.
A practical several moving objects area extraction using a half-cosine function wavelet network

This paper describes a practical several moving objects area extraction using a half-cosine function wavelet network. The network decomposes an image into weighted basis functions corresponding to spatial frequency. In this method, objects are distinguished by using a difference of object's size. First, moving objects area can be extracted from the weight image of the basis functions which constructs the reconstructed image by using frame difference. After that objects with different size are distinguished by using level-image difference. The proposed method enables measurement and area extraction of objects simultaneously. Moving objects area extraction from an image stream which includes several different-size objects is investigated. We show that the proposed basis function based method has robustness against background noise.
PCB‐induced changes of a benthic community and expected ecosystem recovery following in situ sorbent amendment

The benthic community was analyzed to evaluate pollution‐induced changes for the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)‐contaminated site at Hunters Point (HP) relative to 30 reference sites in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. An analysis based on functional traits of feeding, reproduction, and position in the sediment shows that HP is depauperate in deposit feeders, subsurface carnivores, and species with no protective barrier. Sediment chemistry analysis shows that PCBs are the major risk drivers at HP (1,570 ppb) and that the reference sites contain very low levels of PCB contamination (9 ppb). Different feeding traits support the existence of direct pathways of exposure, which can be mechanistically linked to PCB bioaccumulation by biodynamic modeling. The model shows that the deposit feeder Neanthes arenaceodentata accumulates approximately 20 times more PCBs in its lipids than the facultative deposit feeder Macoma balthica and up to 130 times more than the filter feeder Mytilus edulis. The comparison of different exposure scenarios suggests that PCB tissue concentrations at HP are two orders of magnitude higher than at the reference sites. At full scale, in situ sorbent amendment with activated carbon may reduce PCB bioaccumulation at HP by up to 85 to 90% under favorable field and treatment conditions. The modeling framework further demonstrates that such expected remedial success corresponds to exposure conditions suggested as the cleanup goal for HP. However, concentrations remain slightly higher than at the reference sites. The present study demonstrates how the remedial success of a sorbent amendment, which lowers the PCB availability, can be compared to reference conditions and traditional cleanup goals, which are commonly based on bulk sediment concentrations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1819–1826. © 2011 SETAC
The MICA Experiment: Astrophysics in Virtual Worlds

We describe the work of the Meta-Institute for Computational Astrophysics (MICA), the first professional scientific organization based in virtual worlds. MICA was an experiment in the use of this technology for science and scholarship, lasting from the early 2008 to June 2012, mainly using the Second Life and OpenSimulator as platforms. We describe its goals and activities, and our future plans. We conducted scientific collaboration meetings, professional seminars, a workshop, classroom instruction, public lectures, informal discussions and gatherings, and experiments in immersive, interactive visualization of high-dimensional scientific data. Perhaps the most successful of these was our program of popular science lectures, illustrating yet again the great potential of immersive VR as an educational and outreach platform. While the members of our research groups and some collaborators found the use of immersive VR as a professional telepresence tool to be very effective, we did not convince a broader astrophysics community to adopt it at this time, despite some efforts; we discuss some possible reasons for this non-uptake. On the whole, we conclude that immersive VR has a great potential as a scientific and educational platform, as the technology matures and becomes more broadly available and accepted.
The Heterogeneous Ensembles of Standard Classification Algorithms (HESCA): the Whole is Greater than the Sum of its Parts

Building classification models is an intrinsically practical exercise that requires many design decisions prior to deployment. We aim to provide some guidance in this decision making process. Specifically, given a classification problem with real valued attributes, we consider which classifier or family of classifiers should one use. Strong contenders are tree based homogeneous ensembles, support vector machines or deep neural networks. All three families of model could claim to be state-of-the-art, and yet it is not clear when one is preferable to the others. Our extensive experiments with over 200 data sets from two distinct archives demonstrate that, rather than choose a single family and expend computing resources on optimising that model, it is significantly better to build simpler versions of classifiers from each family and ensemble. We show that the Heterogeneous Ensembles of Standard Classification Algorithms (HESCA), which ensembles based on error estimates formed on the train data, is significantly better (in terms of error, balanced error, negative log likelihood and area under the ROC curve) than its individual components, picking the component that is best on train data, and a support vector machine tuned over 1089 different parameter configurations. We demonstrate HESCA+, which contains a deep neural network, a support vector machine and two decision tree forests, is significantly better than its components, picking the best component, and HESCA. We analyse the results further and find that HESCA and HESCA+ are of particular value when the train set size is relatively small and the problem has multiple classes. HESCA is a fast approach that is, on average, as good as state-of-the-art classifiers, whereas HESCA+ is significantly better than average and represents a strong benchmark for future research.