Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Gut Microbiota and the Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

The recognition that the gut microbiota of obese children differs from lean children has grown, and some studies suggest that physical activity positively influences the gut microbiota. This systematic review explores the changes in the gut microbiota composition of obese and non-obese children and adolescents and provides an understanding of the effects of physical activity interventions in modulating their microbiota. The PRISMA protocol was used across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Overall, twenty-four research papers were included in accordance with the chosen inclusion and exclusion criteria, eighteen studies compared the gut microbiota of obese and normal-weight children and adolescents, and six studies explored the effect of physical activity interventions on the gut microbiota. The analysis indicated that obese gut microbiota is reduced in Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium and alpha diversity but enriched in Proteobacteria and Lactobacillus. Interventions with physical activity seem to improve the alpha diversity and beneficial bacteria linked to body weight loss in children and adolescents. The gut microbiota of obese children exhibited a remarkably individual variation. More interventions are needed to clearly and accurately explore the relationships between child obesity, gut microbiota, and physical activity and to develop approaches to decrease the incidence of paediatric obesity.
Application du traçage isotopique 15N à l'étude du protoxyde d'azote (N2O) , gaz à effet de serre produit par l'activité microbienne des sols : quantification des flux et approche spatiale au terrain

Le protoxyde d'azote (N2O), gaz en traces dans l'atmosphere, est implique dans l'effet de serre et la chimie de l'ozone (O3) stratospherique. Dans ce travail, nous avons developpe les methodes de tracage isotopique 15N a l'etude des emissions de N2O par les sols. L'apport d'un traceur isotopique 15N, permettant la mesure simultanee des emissions de N2O et de N2, a souligne la grande variabilite intra-parcellaire de la denitrification. Les donnees confortent l'hypothese du role de la disponibilite en carbone sur la regulation du rapport N2O/N2. L'apport de traceurs isotopiques (15NH4+ ou 15NH3–) a permis d'evaluer la contribution relative de la nitrification et de la denitrification aux emissions de N2O. Le passage vers des conditions saturees en eau a augmente la proportion d'azote nitrifie emise sous forme de N2O. Une etude du fractionnement isotopique au cours de la denitrification montre une diminution de ce fractionnement avec l'enrichissement isotopique 15N du substrat apporte.
Une nouvelle espece du genre Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) du Maroc

A new species of the genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) belonging to the "Buthus occitanus" com- plex is described from the region of Boumalene in Morocco. The description of Buthus boumalenii sp. n. raises the total number of Buthus species known from Morocco to fourteen and confirms that this complex is an isolated group of species, "the Atlas group".
Ultrawide Range of Concentration Measurement Assisted by Fluorescence Intensity Distribution Imaging

When performing fluorescence measurement on a fluorescent analyte over an ultrawide concentration range, the fluorescence intensity distribution is affected by the spatial attenuation effect of excitation light, causing the linear relationship between the received fluorescence intensity and the fluorophore concentration to no longer hold. In this work, based on the imaging analysis of fluorescence intensity spatial distribution, the spatial invariant (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is defined in the form of relative fluorescence intensity, and the other spatial invariant (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is given in the form of spatial differential accordingly. The use of the spatial invariants instead of the absolute fluorescence intensity commonly used to reflect the fluorophore concentration can get rid of the dependence of geometrical parameters and can also avoid systematic errors caused by unstable measurement conditions. Taking these spatial invariants as parameters has great advantages in ultrawide range of fluorescence measurement (0.02~125.00 mg/L) and produces more accurate concentration results (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2}=0.9975$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {RRMSE}=0.0510$ </tex-math></inline-formula>).
First record of an African grass-feeding wasp (Tetramesa; Eurytomidae) on the invasive grass Eragrostis curvula (African lovegrass; Poaceae) in Australia

An undescribed phytophagous wasp belonging to the Tetramesa genus (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), that is native to South Africa, is currently being investigated as a potential weed biological control agent for the invasive grass Eragrostis curvula (Poaceae) in Australia. Host-specificity testing is underway in South Africa, but the wasp has not been exported into quarantine in Australia and further research is required before it could be considered for release. Here, we used DNA barcoding to demonstrate that Tetramesa specimens collected on invasive E. curvula populations in Australia represent the same wasp species currently being investigated in South Africa. We discuss our findings in the context of developing a biological control programme against E. curvula in Australia and the potential risk posed to native Australian grasses.
Analysis of Stakeholders’ Interest and Influence in Non-Timber Forest Products Marketing: A Case Study in the Forest Management Unit Batutegi, Lampung

Stakeholders are involved in the management of the Forest Management Unit (FMU) Batutegi, including the marketing of non-timber forest products (NTFP). The performance of NTFP marketing in the FMU Batutegi currently has not provided optimal benefits, especially for forest farmers. Stakeholders have divergent interests and influence in NTFP marketing. The research aimed to analyze the interests and influence of each stakeholder and the relationship between stakeholders in the marketing of NTFP. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews. Interviews were conducted with informants and stakeholders. The scoring method was used in this study. Data and information were analyzed qualitatively. The study results showed that the marketing of NTFP in the FMU Batutegi involves 15 stakeholders. There are 11 parties with moderately high interest and 8 parties with moderately high influence. FMU Batutegi is the most responsible party or central actor in NTFP marketing because it has relationships with important stakeholders, has the most relationships, and can control the flow of information in the network. The method’s usefulness for understanding stakeholders’ position in NTFP marketing. The study result is expected to be utilized by policymakers to facilitate cooperation between stakeholders to achieve optimal NTFP marketing performance. Keywords: FMU Batutegi, marketing, non-timber forest products, stakeholders
Effect of B-site Substitution Element and Substitution Amount on Magnetic Properties in (Bi,La)(Fe1-yMy)O3 (M = Co, Ni) Ferromagnetic and Ferroelectric Thin Films

High saturation magnetization, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and high Curie temperature are required for ferromagnetic/ferroelectric thin films to apply to highly integrated magnetic devices driven by electric field. To improve the magnetic properties of the BiFeO<inf>3</inf>-based ferromagnetic/ferroelectric thin films, (Bi,La)(Fe<inf>1-y</inf>Co<inf>y</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> or (Bi,La)(Fe<inf>1-y</inf>Ni<inf>y</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> films were fabricated. Here, the amount of substituted La for Bi in the A-site was fixed at about 50 at%, and the amount of substituted Co or Ni for Fe in the B-site was varied from 0 to 35 at%, respectively. As a result, high saturation magnetization and high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy were obtained in the thin films with Co substitution of 28 at% or Ni substitution of 30 at%. Especially, the high saturation magnetization of 78 emu/cm<sup>3</sup> was obtained in (Bi,La)(Fe<inf>0.72</inf>Co<inf>0.28</inf>)O<inf>3</inf>, and high normalized coercive force of perpendicular to the film plane by coercive force of parallel to the film plane (perpendicular magnetic anisotropy) of 4.1 and high Curie temperature of more than 475 °C were obtained respectively in (Bi,La)(Fe<inf>0.70</inf>Ni<inf>0.30</inf>)O<inf>3</inf>.
Fixed-Time Antisaturation Cooperative Control for Networked Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Considering Actuator Failures

This article proposes a distributed fixed-time fault-tolerant control methodology for networked six-degree-of-freedom fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) whose models are subjected to actuator faults and saturation. Two fixed-time antisaturation control strategies are developed for velocity and attitude channels. Notably, the adverse effects of actuator faults (e.g., lock-in-place and loss of effectiveness) and actuator saturation can be effectively compensated for by means of a new adaptive-gain-based design. This feature differs significantly from most of the existing fault-tolerant control schemes. A fixed-time-based sliding-mode surface is delicately embedded in the control design in order to provide the attitude channel with the fixed-time tracking property. Model uncertainties and external disturbances can be effectively handled by using a bound estimation method and smooth functions. On the basis of Lyapunov stability theory, the closed-loop system is shown to be stable in the sense of the fixed-time concept. Actuator saturations are rigorously enforced, and the tracking errors of velocity and attitude converge to a residual set around the origin within a fixed time in spite of model uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults. Numerical examples are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical findings.
Are sex differences in blood cell count and hemoglobin moderated by the 2D:4D ratio? A cross‐sectional study in a Ghanaian population

There are sex differences in blood cell count and hemoglobin (HGB) in adulthood due to differences in the levels of circulating sex hormones. The second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is the putative marker of prenatal hormone exposure. The 2D:4D or the right‐left difference (Dr‐l) are sexually dimorphic and are correlates of sex hormones in adulthood. The study sought to determine whether sex differences in adult blood cell count and HGB can be partly explained by the 2D:4D or Dr‐l.
Diet associations in endometriosis: a critical narrative assessment with special reference to gluten

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus. The etiology remains largely unknown. Despite adequate treatment, patients can still experience symptoms or side effects resulting in therapy incompliance and in self-management strategies such as dietary measures is increasing. A gluten free diet is thought to be contributory in reducing endometriosis-related pain, thereby optimizing quality of life. However, data is conflicting and currently provides no evidence for causality. This narrative review aims to put the effect of dietary self-management strategies on endometriosis in a balanced perspective, especially the effect of gluten and a gluten free diet. Several studies have found a strong overlap in symptoms, metabolic and immune responses associated with endometriosis and those associated with celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome and non-celiac wheat sensitivity. However, it remains unclear whether these diseases and/or disorders are causal to an increased risk of endometriosis. Some studies have found a positive effect on the risk of endometriosis, endometriosis-related symptoms and quality of life (QoL) when women either avoided certain nutrients or foods, or applied a specific nutrient supplementation. This includes the avoidance of red meat, an increasing intake of foods rich in anti-oxidants, omega-3, micronutrients and dietary fibers (e.g., fruit, vegetables) and the appliance of a gluten free diet. However, data from the available studies were generally graded of low quality and it was noted that placebo and/or nocebo effects influenced the reported positive effects. In addition, such effects were no longer seen when adjusting for confounders such as overweight, when a translation was made from in vitro to in vivo, or when the nutrients were not supplemented as isolated sources but as part of a mixed daily diet. Finally, some studies showed that long-term adherence to a gluten free diet is often associated with an impaired diet quality and nutrient intake, leading to negative health outcomes and reduced QoL. Concluding, scientific evidence on the efficacy of dietary interventions on well-defined clinical endpoints of endometriosis is lacking and recommending a gluten free diet to women solely diagnosed with endometriosis should therefore not be advised.
Development of an Application That Implements a Brain–Computer Interface to an Upper-Limb Motor Assistance Robot to Facilitate Active Exercise in Patients: A Feasibility Study

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a brain robot in rehabilitation that combines motor imagery (MI), robotic motor assistance, and electrical stimulation. Thirteen in-patients with severe post-stroke hemiplegia underwent electroencephalography (EEG), measured according to the international 10–20 method, during MI. The dicephalus robotic system (DiC) was activated by detecting event-related desynchronization (ERD) using the Markov switching model (MSM) and relative power (RP) from the EEG of the motor cortex (C3 and C4). The reaction times (the time between ERD detection and DiC activation) of the MSM and RP were compared using Wilcoxon’s signed rank sum test. ERD was detected in all 13 and 12 patients with the MSM and RP, respectively. The DiC reaction time for the ERD detection process was significantly shorter for the MSM (13.02 ± 0.16 s) than for the RP (19.95 ± 7.45 s) (W = 9, p = 0.0037). The results of this study suggest that ERD responses can be detected in the motor cortex during MI in patients with severe upper-extremity paralysis; the MSM is more effective than the RP in detecting ERD when the EEG signal is used as a switch to activate the robot, and the reaction time to detect the signal is shorter.
The Ultimate Battle Against Zero-Day Exploits: Toward Fully Autonomous Cyber-Physical Defense

The last decade has shown that networked cyber-physical systems (NCPS) are the future of critical infrastructure such as transportation systems and energy production. However, they have introduced an uncharted territory of security vulnerabilities and a wider attack surface, mainly due to network openness and the deeply integrated physical and cyber spaces. On the other hand, relying on manual analysis of intrusion detection alarms might be effective in stopping run-of-the-mill automated probes but remain useless against the growing number of targeted, persistent, and often AI-enabled attacks on large-scale NCPS. Hence, there is a pressing need for new research directions to provide advanced protection. This paper introduces a novel security paradigm for emerging NCPS, namely Autonomous Cyber-Physical Defense (ACPD). We lay out the theoretical foundations and describe the methods for building autonomous and stealthy cyber-physical defense agents that are able to dynamically hunt, detect, and respond to intelligent and sophisticated adversaries in real time without human intervention. By leveraging the power of game theory and multi-agent reinforcement learning, these self-learning agents will be able to deploy complex cyber-physical deception scenarios on the fly, generate optimal and adaptive security policies without prior knowledge of potential threats, and defend themselves against adversarial learning. Nonetheless, serious challenges including trustworthiness, scalability, and transfer learning are yet to be addressed for these autonomous agents to become the next-generation tools of cyber-physical defense.
Using Deep Reinforcement Learning to Automate Network Configurations for Internet of Vehicles

In this paper, we address the issue of automating network configurations for dynamic network environments such as the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Configuring network settings in IoV environments has proven difficult due to their dynamic and self-organizing nature. To address this issue, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based approach to configure IoV network settings automatically. Specifically, we use a collection of neural networks to convert the observations of a communication environment (channel power gain, cross-channel power gain, etc.) into key features, which are then supplied to a deep $Q$ neural network (DQN) as input for training. Afterward, the DQN will select the optimal network configuration for vehicles in the IoV environment. In addition, our approach considers both centralized and distributed training strategies. The centralized training strategy conducts the DQN training process on a roadside server, while the distributed training strategy trains the DQN on vehicles locally. Through our designed IoV simulation platform, we evaluate the efficacy of our proposed approach, demonstrating that it can improve the quality of services (QoS) in the IoV environments concerning reliability, latency, and service satisfaction.
Discontinuous Bubble Immersed Finite Element Method for Poisson-Boltzmann Equation

We develop a numerical scheme for nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. First, we regularize the solution of PBE to remove the singularity. We introduce the discontinuous bubble function to treat the nonhomogeneous jump conditions of the regularized solution. Next, starting with an initial guess, we apply linearization to treat the nonlinearity. Then, we discretize the discontinuous bubble and the bilinear form of PBE. Finally, we solve the discretized linear problem by IFEM. This process is repeated by updating the previous approximation. We carry out numerical experiments. We observe optimal convergence rate for all examples. AMS subject classifications: 65F10, 65N30, 65Z05, 92C40
Plasma Pressure Distribution of Ions and Electrons in the Inner Magnetosphere During CIR Driven Storms Observed During Arase Era

Using Arase observations of the inner magnetosphere during 26 CIR‐driven geomagnetic storms with minimum Sym‐H between −33 and −86 nT, we investigated ring current pressure development of ions (H+, He+, O+) and electron during prestorm, main, early recovery and late recovery phases as a function of L‐shell and magnetic local time. It is found that during the main and early recovery phase of the storms the ion pressure is asymmetric in the inner magnetosphere, leading to a strong partial ring current. The ion pressure becomes symmetric during the late recovery phase. H+ ions with energies of ∼20–50 keV and ∼50–100 keV contribute more to the ring current pressure during the main phase and early/late recovery phase, respectively. O+ ions with energies of ∼10–20 keV contribute significantly during main and early recovery phase. These are consistent with previous studies. The electron pressure was found to be asymmetric during the main, early recovery and late recovery phase. The electron pressure peaks from midnight to the dawn sector. Electrons with energy of <50 keV contribute to the ring current pressure during the main and early recovery phase of the storms. Overall, the electron contribution to the total ring current is found to be ∼11% during the main and early recovery phases. However, the electron contribution is found to be significant (∼22%) in the 03–09 MLT sector during the main and early recovery phase. The results indicate an important role of electrons in the ring current build up.
Calculation of Electric Field Induced in the Human Body for Simultaneous Exposure to Spatially Uniform ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields With a Phase Difference

International exposure guidelines such as ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE C95.1 standard are published to protect human from potential adverse health effect. These guidelines and standards establish the limit for the induced electric field, also called the basic restriction. The permissible external field strength—known as the reference level—is then conservatively derived from the basic restriction. Though the reference level is calculated assuming that the human body is exposed to electric or magnetic fields separately, in reality, simultaneous exposure to both fields may occur. Such exposures are particularly likely when a human body is positioned under overhead transmission lines. Under such circumstances, a phase difference between the electric and magnetic fields occur due to the phase difference between the power line’s voltage and current. We investigated the impact of external electric and magnetic field phase differences on the induced electric field in numerical human models. This was done under simultaneous exposure to a spatially uniform vertical electric field and horizontal magnetic fields at 50 Hz. Our computational findings revealed that the strength of the induced electric field fluctuates with the phase difference and that the variation caused by this difference varies across different body parts. The basic restrictions of the ICNIRP guidelines were met under the simultaneous exposure to electric and magnetic fields at the reference level, even when considering the phase difference.
A Generic Efficient Scientific Workflow Engine for the Optimizations of Run-Time Execution

Workflow has proven to be a highly effective computing model for a variety of scientific applications, offering flexible data types and unstructured parallelism that surpasses simple parallel execution models such as MapReduce. However, current workflow management systems in cloud computing environments experience unnecessary delays in task execution due to the separation of task execution and data transfer processes, which causes a child task to wait until all its predecessor tasks complete, rather than waiting only for necessary input data becoming ready. The goal of this paper is to eliminate the unnecessary delay of child tasks in a workflow, which is achieved through a new workflow engine architecture that separates workflow planner from workflow executor in the general framework of the DATAVIEW scientific workflow management system. This new engine architecture can be generalized and applied to other workflow systems. Our design integrates a new task release mechanism based on a data dependency model with the workflow executor of DATAVIEW. This approach enables prompt task launching once input data becomes available, instead of waiting for all predecessor tasks to finish. The architecture employs distributed algorithms for implementing the workflow executor and the task executors, performing various optimization on data movement, task movement, and communication among different subsystems. The experiments show that our new architecture based on the new task release model can significantly reduce overall execution time of a workflow in DATAVIEW.