Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meridional circulation in the thermosphere. I - Equinox conditions

Abstract The mean meridional circulation and latitudinal variation of temperature in the thermosphere are considered for equinox conditions. With regard to these parameters there have been serious discrepancies between observational indications and theoretical expectations. A numerical model of the zonally symmetric thermospheric circulation is formulated and solved using a finite-difference initial value approach to steady-state solutions. Solutions are obtained for three different prescriptions of forcing terms: solar heating alone, solar heating plus an effective momentum source due to diurnal variations, and inclusion of a high-latitude heat source representing Joule dissipation of electric current systems. It is concluded that the Joule heating is essential for bringing theoretical predictions into agreement with observations but that the global mean of the required heating during geomagnetically quiet periods is necessarily small compared to global mean solar heating at the same levels.
Versatile gas-loading system for diamond-anvil cells

A gas-loading system has been constructed to load diamond-anvil cells with various kinds of high-pressure gases at room temperature. The gases either serve as hydrostatic pressure media or samples by themselves. The present high-pressure vessel can accommodate various types of diamond-anvil cells simply by changing the holder. The system has been used successfully for high-pressure powder x-ray diffraction experiments with a helium-pressure medium.
Infrasound from convective storms. III. Propagation to the ionosphere

We model mathematically the spectral features of infrasound observed in the ionosphere and believed to be radiated by severe thunderstorms. We explain the dominant 2–5‐min wave period as an effect of atmospheric filtering; shorter periods are excessively attenuated by absorption in transit to the ionosphere, and longer periods are attenuated in portions of the atmosphere where the waves are evanescent because their frequencies are below the acoustic cutoff. An observed spectral ’’fine structure’’ within the 2–5‐min band is explained in terms of resonant interactions between the waves and the atmospheric temperature structure. Accurate quantitative modeling of all these details of the storm‐to‐ionosphere transmission coefficient requires numerical integration of the acoustic‐gravity wave equation, including the effects of ground reflection, absorption, and partial reflections in the atmosphere.Subject Classification: [43]28.30.
Functional nanoparticles in cells

In this paper we present an overview of our recent studies regarding the interactions of functional nanoparticles with the human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and laser hyperthermia of cells loaded with gold nanoparticles are discussed. Particles with different shape, size and charge are compared and evaluated to conclude at the most appropriate types for specific biomedical applications (i.e. drug delivery, laser hyperthermia).
Late Again with Defiers

We show that the Wald statistic still identifies a causal effect if instrument monotonicity is replaced by a weaker condition, which states that the potential propensities to be treated with or without the instrument should have the same distribution, conditional on potential outcomes. This holds for instance if the slippages between these potential propensities and the average propensity are independent of potential outcomes. In this framework, the Wald statistic identifies a LATE on a population which comprises both compliers and always takers.
Compact modeling of fin-width roughness induced FinFET device variability using the perturbation method

A compact model is developed to study the fin-width roughness (FWR) induced device variability and its impacts on FinFET performance. The perturbation theory is applied to obtain the analytic solution to nonlinear Poisson’s equation by treating FWR as a small deviation/perturbation from the ideal (flat) fin boundary. High accuracy of this compact model is verified with TCAD simulations. Both model calculation and TCAD simulation results show that FWR variation significantly affects FinFET device behavior. The conventional short-channel model is inaccurate to describe the FWR effects. Several types of FWR functions are studied and important device parameters such as Vt.sat, Vt.lin, DIBL are extracted from TCAD simulations, all of which are found sensitive to FWR variation.
Analogy between general relativity and electromagnetism for slowly moving particles in weak gravitational fields

Starting from the equations of general relativity, equations similar to those of electromagnetic theory are derived. It is assumed that the particles are slowly moving (v≪c), and the gravitational field is sufficiently weak that nonlinear terms in Einstein’s field equations can be neglected. For static fields, the analogy to electrostatics and magnetostatics is very close. Results are compared with those of a previous derivation by Braginsky, Caves, and Thorne [Phys. Rev. D 15, 2047–2068 (1977)]. These results lead to very simple derivations of the Lense–Thirring precession [Phys. Z. 19, 156–163 (1918)] and the spin‐curvature force of Papepetrou [Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 209, 248–258 (1951)] and Pirani [Acta Phys. Pol. 15, 389–405 (1956)].
EXTENDED VARIABILITY OF THE SYMBIOTIC STAR AG DRACONIS

We have analyzed the complete set of available IUE (International Ultraviolet Explorer) spectra for the symbi­ otic star AG Draconis covering the period from 1979 to 1989. All absolute line fluxes and wavelengths have been obtained for the prominent emission lines in the AA 1200-3200 wavelength range. These spectra contain observa­ tions which were taken before, during and after the two extended outbursts which occurred on 1980 November to 1981 November and 1985 February to 1986 January. These two outburst events have two maxima that are separated by ,. , 1600 days, a time scale not known to be associated with the star, but which is ,. , 3 times the binary period of the star. 0 IV] AA1397-1407 emission line intensities imply an electron density in the range 10 10 :s;; ne :s;; 10 n cm-3 . We found the line-emitting region to have a linear size 10 12 :s;; L :s;; 10 13 em. The He II A1640 Zanstra method yields T. ;;;:: 87,000 K for the hot component. Absolute line intensities are plotted as a function of Julian Date for the principal emission lines ofN v n 1238, 1242,0 I AA1302-1306, 0 IV] AA1397-1407, C IV AA 1548, 1550, He II A1640 and 0 m] AA1660, 1666 to observe the temporal variability of AGOra. Emission line fluxes ofN v, 0 1, N IV], C IV, and N m] are plotted as a function ofC IV to study the nature of the emitting regions. We have calculated the nitrogen ionic abundances for AGOra to study how the ionization levels change during outburst and quiescence phases of the star. The time-evolution of the calculated ionic abundances shows the presence of abundance peaks coincident with the outburst events and the binary phases favoring episodic mass transfers onto the compact star. Monitoring, preferably every 3 to 4 years could be helpful in confirming the accretion-powered outburst mechanism of this star and provide important insights into the symbiotic phenomenon in general.
Mechanics of isotropic elastic‐plastic flow in pressure‐sensitive damaging bodies under finite strains – revisited

The general theoretical framework for modeling the plastic flow at finite strain is reconsidered. The Eckard‐Mandel concept of multiplicative decomposition of the total deformation tensor is used together with the logarithmic elastic strain measure as external state variable. The rate constitutive relations formulated in the mobile Lagrangian description are transformed to the form appropriate for application of updated Lagrangian numerical techniques. This exhibits the structure of plastic increment of total strain (defined in Hill‐Rice Lagrangian first order plasticity theory) following from application of multiplicative decomposition of the deformation tensor. The rate equations are reduced to the fairly simple form by making plausible physical assumptions concerning deformation behavior of real plastically deformed non‐rubber like materials. Since most of such materials exhibits small distortional elastic strains, and possibly large dilatational deformation under sufficiently high pressure, the postulated mathematical form of elastic shear strain energy function is the same as in usual infinitesimal theories. The general method for incorporation of the pressure sensitivity (including hydrodynamic behaviour of metals at high pressure) and possible damage into the framework of the usual theory of plasticity is discussed. The material (the derived non‐associated flow law) and the mechanical descriptions are combined through the relevant bridging equation and the simple choice of the orientation of material element in the conceptual unloaded configuration (vanishing spin of permanent strains). The general rate boundary value problem is formulated and estimation method of the primary bifurcation state is revived.
Insulator-metal transition in GeTe/Sb2Te3 multilayer induced by grain growth and interface barrier

Unlike its two components, the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) of GeTe/Sb2Te3 multilayer (ML) increases from negative to positive on annealing, indicating an insulator-metal transition (IMT). Impedance spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the grain boundary resistance (negative TCR) determines the total resistance of initial ML. As grain grows, which is confirmed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and optical reflectivity measurements, the contribution of grain resistance (positive TCR) increases gradually to the leading part and finally accomplishes the IMT in a sufficiently crystallized film. Furthermore, the artificially introduced interfaces form additional potential barrier in ML and also modulate its IMT behavior.
Bayesian analysis of the predictive power of the yield curve using a vector autoregressive model with multiple structural breaks

In this paper we analyze the predictive power of the yield curve on output growth using a vector autoregressive model with multiple structural breaks in the intercept term and the volatility. To estimate the model and to detect the number of breaks, we apply a Bayesian approach with Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We find strong evidence of three structural breaks using the US data.
Quickest detection of hidden Markov models

Page's test is optimal in quickly detecting distributional changes among independent observations. In this paper we propose a similar procedure for the quickest detection of dependent signals which can be conveniently modeled as hidden Markov models. Considering Page's test as a repeated sequential probability ratio test, we use Wald's approximation, with modification regarding the threshold overshoot, to predict the performance of the test, namely the average run length (ARL), between false alarms T. Using the asymptotic convergence property of the test statistic, we are also able to predict the ARL to detection D. The analysis shows that T is asymptotically exponential in D, as in the i.i. d. case. The results are supported by numerical examples.
Multiway calibration. Multilinear PLS

A new multiway regression method called N‐way partial least squares (N‐PLS) is presented. The emphasis is on the three‐way PLS version (tri‐PLS), but it is shown how to extend the algorithm to higher orders. The developed algorithm is superior to unfolding methods, primarily owing to a stabilization of the decomposition. This stabilization potentially gives increased interpretability and better predictions. The algorithm is fast compared with e.g. PARAFAC, because it consists of solving eigenvalue problems.
Coulomb-Born Calculation of Charge Transfer Cross Sections of Highly-Ionized Atoms

The Coulomb-Born approximation is applied to obtain total cross sections of charge transfer reacton between a highly-ionized atom and a proton. The final from of the scattering amplitude is expressed in one dimensional integral to be evaluated numerically. The total cross section is calculated by numerical integration over scattering angles. Target atoms studied are C, O, Ne, Ar, Fe, Cu, Nb and Mo, because a considerable amount of their ions is found as impurities in fusion plasmas. Very small cross sections less than 10 -22 ∼10 -24 cm 2 are obtained for highly-ionized metalic ion-targets (such as Fe, Cu Nb and Mo). The Coulomb repulsion between the target and the projectile was found to cause a rapid decrease of the cross section as the relative kinetic energy decreases.
Sound analysis and synthesis of Marquis Yi of Zeng’s chime-bell set

In this paper, the analysis and synthesis results from a complete set of Chinese chime-bells (also known as Chinese two tone bells) are presented. Consisting of 65 bells with different sizes and tones, Marquis Yi of Zeng's set is an ancient musical instrument with fascinating acoustical features but scarcely appears in current music performances for being huge and inaccessible. To preserve this cultural legacy in digital form, sounds of a complete set of replicated Marquis Yi of Zeng's chime-bells were recorded and analyzed, and the pitch discrimination of fundamental frequencies between this replica and the original set has been evaluated. Sound synthesis models of chime-bells were constructed using multiple inharmonic digital waveguides, creating chime-bell like sounds. Quality of synthetic sounds was evaluated using both objective and subjective measures. Objectively, the similarity between synthetic and recorded sounds was compared in both the spectral and the temporal domains. The subjective measure .
Rotor‐Stator Interaction in an Axial Flow Blower

Measurements have been made on a ducted, single‐stage blower, 12 in. in diameter, rotating at 4500 rpm. The duct includes a venturi, enabling mechanical prover and efficiency to be measured simultaneously with SPL's. Recently, Lowson [“Reduction of Compressor‐Noise Radiation,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 40, 1248(A) (1966)] surveyed various possible noise‐reduction methods. The experiments support qualitatively some of his estimates, though some quantitative differences also occur. As a function of axial spacing between rotor and stator, the SPL (both the pure‐tone spectrum at the blade‐passage frequency, and broad‐band noise with the pure tones removed) shows a break in slope at a spacing rougly equal to the chord of a rotor blade. At smaller spacing the slope lies between 3 and 10 dB per doubling of spacing—depending on stator blade pitch, number of stator blades, and other parameters—while at larger spacing the sound levels decrease between 0 and 2 dB per doubling of spacing. Mechanical efficiency is independe.
W7-X DEMO coil cryogenic tests in the CEA/Saclay test facility

In the frame of the W7-X stellarator project, CEA cooperates with Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik to perform the acceptance tests of all 70 superconducting coils of the W7-X magnet system. The test facility is now complete and its performance is being checked using the W7-X prototype coil. The main objective of the tests of the series coils is to demonstrate their proper function and to determine their margin of operation. Since many coils will be tested and compared to each other, it is important to measure the margin of operation in a reproducible way with sufficient accuracy. Either increasing the current, increasing the temperature or mixed operation can induce quenches. The test results on the prototype coil are analyzed with respect to the temperature and current margin and compared to the expected values calculated from superconducting strand data. The paper summarizes the results of these tests and the methods of evaluation.
Nonlinear Wave Statistics

Third-order quasi-resonant interactions among free waves and associated modulational instabilities can significantly affect the statistics of various surface features in narrowband waves. In particular, modulational instabilities tend to induce intermittent amplifications on the surface displacements, causing their statistics to deviate from the linear Gaussian and second order models. Herein, we investigate the nature of such instabilities on the statistical and spectral characteristics of deep-water waves generated in a large wave basin. We analyze the spectral changes that occur as waves propagate along the basin, develop bounds on the spectrum bandwidth, and interpret various statistics based on third-order Gram-Charlier distributions.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The Core Language Engine

Introduction to the CLE, Hiyan Alshawi and Robert C. Moore - language analysis and interpretation, overview of CLE components logical forms, Jan van Eijck and Hiyan Alshawi - levels of logical form in the CLE, resolved logical form, quasi logical form categories and rules, Hiyan Alshawi - constraints, components and rules, categories for linguistic analysis, CLE categories, category unification and subsumption, Boolean expression feature values, feature sets, defaults and macros, internal category representation, grammar rules, syntax and morphology rules, semantic rules, lexical entries unification-based syntactic analysis, Stephen G. Pulman - theoretical background, subcategorization, start categories, sentence types, subject-auxilliary inversion, unbounded dependencies, passives, conjunctions semantic rules for English, Jan van Eijck and Robert C. Moore - semantic rules and sences, general principles of the CLE semantics, the semantics of specific constructions lexical analysis, David Carter - tokenizing the input, segmenting the tokens, recovering from unknown tokens syntactic and semantic processing, Robert C. Moore and Hiyan Alshawi - parsing, semantic analysis, morphological processing, ambiguities and packing quantifier scoping, Douglas B. Moran and Fernando C.N. Pereira - quantifier scoping problem, scoping rules and references, the scoping algorithm, refinements to the basic algorithm, implementation sortal restrictions, Hiyan Alshawi and David Carter - applying sortal restrictions, encoding sorts as terms, the external representation of sorts, specifying the sort hierarchy, developments resolving quasi logical forms, Hiyan Alshawi - deriving LFs from QLFs, anaphoric terms, context model, constraints on resolved LFs, anaphoric relations and formulae, further work on QLF resolution lexical acquisition, David Carter - strategy adopted, assumptions behind the strategy eliciting syntactic behaviour and semantic informtion, incorporating new entries, the core lexicon the CLE in application development, Arnold Smith - linguistic applications, model-based systems, the LF-Prolog query evaluator, the order-processing exemplar, extending the interface, new directions ellipsis, comparatives and generation, Hiyan Alshawi and Stephen G. Pulman Swedish-English QLF translation, Hiyan Alshawi, et al - the Swedish CLE, QLF-based translation, disambiguation and interaction.
Fisher and Inference for Scores

This paper examines the work of Fisher and Bartlett on discriminant analysis, ordinal response regression and correspondence analysis. Placing these methods with canonical correlation analysis in the context of the singular value decomposition of particular matrices, we use explicit models and vector space notation to unify these methods, understand Fisher's approach, understand Bartlett's criticisms of Fisher and relate both to modern thinking. We consider in particular the formulation of certain hypotheses and Fisher's arguments to obtain approximate distributions for tests of these hypotheses (without assuming multivariate normality) and put these in modern notation. Using perturbation techniques pioneered by G.S. Watson, we give an asymptotic justification for Fisher's test for assigned scores and thereby resolve a long standing conflict between Fisher and Bartlett.
Measuring the spatiotemporal electric field of tightly focused ultrashort pulses with submicron spatial resolution

We demonstrate a powerful and practical spectral interferometer with near-field scanning microscopy (NSOM) probes for measuring the spatiotemporal electric field of tightly focused ultrashort pulses with sub-micron spatial resolution and high spectral resolution. To make these measurements we use SEA TADPOLE which is a high spectral resolution, experimentally simplified version of spectral interferometry that uses fiber optics to introduce the pulse into the device. To measure the spatiotemporal field of focusing pulses, the entrance fiber is scanned around the focus and a measurement at each fiber position is made, so that E(ω) is found at many positions along the beam's cross section so that we can reconstruct E(x,y,z,ω). The make these measurements we require that the fiber's mode size be smaller than the focused spot size. In the past using optical fibers we were limited to measuring foci with NA's less than 0.1, and here by replacing the fiber with an NSOM fiber, we measure the spatiotemporal field of focused pulses with NAs as high as 0.44. To demonstrate this technique we measured pulses that were focused with two different microscope objectives to verify that we achieved the expected results. We also measured foci that had severe distortions, such as the Bessel-like X-shaped pulse caused by spherical aberrations and the "fore-runner pulse" due to chromatic aberrations and we verified these results with non-paraxial simulations. In our measurements we observed spatial features smaller than 1μm.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE ACOUSTIC EXCITATION OF A THIN PLATE BY LOW-SPEED JETS

Abstract Experiments were conducted to investigate the acoustic forcing of a thin aluminum plate by low-speed jets. The Mach numbers of the jets were 0·1 and 0·2. The results indicate that the structural response is due to two causes. One is the low-frequency forced excitation of the thin plate due to the leapfrogging interaction of ring vortices. The other one is the natural frequency response at a higher frequency due to turbulent fluctuations in the jet. The former is directionally dependent while the latter is both directionally and position independent.
The dark side of NGC 3109

Optical and radio observations of the Magellanic-type spiral galaxy NGC 3109 were carried out to obtain data on the kinematics and distribution of H I. I-band photometry, performed in order to determine the distribution of the old stellar disk population, more representative of the true mass distribution of the disk, is compared with the B-band photometry. H I spectral line imaging shows that the total neutral hydrogen content is 4.9 + or - 1.0 x 10 to the 8th solar masses; the systematic velocity is 406 + or - 2 km/s. The contribution from the dark component is found to dominate at nearly all radii, indicating a breakdown of the disk-halo conspiracy towards the low end of the luminosity function. 29 refs.