Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resilience Strategies of Tour Operators During the Uncertainty of COVID-19: Evidence from Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, tour operators have been going through uncertain times as they depend directly on supply-side (e.g. airlines, hotels) and demand-side (e.g. tourists) of tourism as well as on destination management organizations. This study explores resilience strategies made by tour operators in Bangladesh that ultimately helped them survive through the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 25 tour operators, findings of the study show that resilience-building depends not only on strategies of tour operators but also on supports from external agencies. The study further shows that a multi-dimensional understanding of resilience strategies is essential in tourism research and proposes that the resilience-building of tour operators can be conceptualized as a three-dimensional mechanism including innate resilience, internally-induced resilience, and externally-induced resilience. The study would facilitate improved resilience strategy and informed policymaking to better address uncertainties during and after a major crisis for tour operators.
Coupling Quantum Emitters in 2D Materials with Tapered Fibers

Realization of integrated photonic circuits on a single chip requires controlled manipulation and integration of solid-state quantum emitters with nanophotonic components. Previous works focused on emitters embedded in a three-dimensional crystal, such as nanodiamonds or quantum dots. In contrast, in this work we demonstrate coupling of a single emitter in a two-dimensional (2D) material, namely, hexagonal boron nitride, with a tapered optical fiber and find a collection efficiency of the system of 10%. Furthermore, due to the single dipole character of the emitter, we were able to analyze the angular emission pattern of the coupled system via back focal plane imaging. The good coupling efficiency to the tapered fiber even allows excitation and detection in a fully fiber coupled way, yielding a true integrated system. Our results provide evidence of the feasibility to efficiently integrate quantum emitters in 2D materials with photonic structures.
Metal Abundances in Extremely Distant Galactic Old Open Clusters. I. Berkeley 29 and Saurer 1

We report on high-resolution spectroscopy of four giant stars in the Galactic old open clusters Berkeley 29 and Saurer 1 obtained with HIRES at the Keck Telescope. These two clusters possess the largest Galactocentric distances yet known for open star clusters and therefore are crucial objects to probe the chemical pattern and evolution of the outskirts of the Galactic disk. We find that [Fe/H] = -0.38 ± 0.14 and -0.44 ± 0.18 for Saurer 1 and Berkeley 29, respectively. On the basis of these data, we first revise the fundamental parameters of the clusters and then discuss them in the context of the Galactic disk radial abundance gradients. Both clusters seem to significantly deviate from the general trend, suggesting that the outer part of the Galactic disk underwent a completely different evolution compared with the inner disk. In particular, Berkeley 29 is clearly associated with the Monoceros stream, whereas Saurer 1 exhibits very different properties. The abundance ratios suggest that the chemical evolution of the outer disk was dominated by the Galactic halo.
ENGGANO LANGUAGE VIABILITY: DIGLOSSIA LEAKAGE PHENOMENON AND ENDANGERED LANGUAGE DEFENSE STRATEGY IN ENGGANO

The Enggano language is experiencing a threat of extinction due to the leak of diglossia among its speakers in Enggano Island, Bengkulu. Diglossia leakage is when a language is not spoken because of its most minor prestige level compared to other more superior languages. The conservation and revitalization efforts are needed because of the lack of the society's optimization in maintaining the Enggano language. This research aimed to analyze the speakers' conditions, language choice, and forms of diglossia leakage among the speakers and devise the most appropriate Enggano language conservation and revitalization strategy model. The research used diglossia leakage theory, language extinction, and language conservation and revitalization. This research used an ethno-sociolinguistic approach through interviews, questionnaires, and study literature. The data analysis is mixed between correlation test, reduction, display, verification data, and conclusion. The research obtained results as follows; correlation coefficient score of 0,949 with sig.0,023, so there is a significant and strong relationship between attitudes in the speakers' language selection with the existence of Enggano language use. The forms of diglossia leakage are code-switching, code-mixing, and the loss of the speech level in four phases. The language conservation and revitalization model collaborates with cultural institutions through the critical stakeholders, primary and secondary.
Phytochromes and Their Role in Diurnal Variations of ROS Metabolism and Plant Proteome

Plants are sessile organisms forced to adapt to environmental variations recurring in a day–night cycle. Extensive research has uncovered the transcriptional control of plants’ inner clock and has revealed at least some part of the intricate and elaborate regulatory mechanisms that govern plant diel responses and provide adaptation to the ever-changing environment. Here, we analyzed the proteome of the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant genotypes collected in the middle of the day and the middle of the night, including four mutants in the phytochrome (phyA, phyB, phyC, and phyD) and the circadian clock protein LHY. Our approach provided a novel insight into the diel regulations, identifying 640 significant changes in the night–day protein abundance. The comparison with previous studies confirmed that a large portion of identified proteins was a known target of diurnal regulation. However, more than 300 were novel oscillations hidden under standard growth chamber conditions or not manifested in the wild type. Our results indicated a prominent role for ROS metabolism and phytohormone cytokinin in the observed regulations, and the consecutive analyses confirmed that. The cytokinin signaling significantly increased at night, and in the mutants, the hydrogen peroxide content was lower, and the night–day variation seemed to be lost in the phyD genotype. Furthermore, regulations in the lhy and phyB mutants were partially similar to those found in the catalase mutant cat2, indicating shared ROS-mediated signaling pathways. Our data also shed light on the role of the relatively poorly characterized Phytochrome D, pointing to its connection to glutathione metabolism and the regulation of glutathione S-transferases.
Shock Acceleration Model with Postshock Turbulence for Giant Radio Relics

We explore the shock acceleration model for giant radio relics, in which relativistic electrons are accelerated via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) by merger-driven shocks in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. In addition to DSA, turbulent acceleration by compressive MHD mode downstream of the shock is included as well as energy losses of postshock electrons by Coulomb scattering, synchrotron emission, and inverse Compton scattering off the cosmic background radiation. Considering that only a small fraction of merging clusters host radio relics, we favor the reacceleration scenario in which radio relics are generated preferentially when shocks encounter the regions containing low-energy ($\gamma_{\rm e} \lesssim 300$) cosmic ray electrons (CRe). We perform time-dependent DSA simulations of spherically expanding shocks with physical parameters relevant for the Sausage radio relic, and calculate the radio synchrotron emission from the accelerated CRe. We find that significant level of postshock turbulent acceleration is required in order to reproduce broad profiles of the observed radio flux densities of the Sausage relic. Moreover, the spectral curvature in the observed integrated radio spectrum can be explained, if the putative shock should have swept up and exited out of the preshock region of fossil CRe about 10~Myr ago.
Sign- and magnitude-tunable coupler for superconducting flux qubits

We experimentally confirm the functionality of a coupling element for flux-based superconducting qubits, with a coupling strength $J$ whose sign and magnitude can be tuned {\it in situ}. To measure the effective $J$, the groundstate of a coupled two-qubit system has been mapped as a function of the local magnetic fields applied to each qubit. The state of the system is determined by directly reading out the individual qubits while tunneling is suppressed. These measurements demonstrate that $J$ can be tuned from antiferromagnetic through zero to ferromagnetic.
Climatology of the SKYHI Troposphere–Stratosphere–Mesosphere General Circulation Model

Abstract The long-term mean climatology obtained from integrations conducted with different resolutions of the GFDL “SKYHI” finite-difference general circulation model is examined. A number of improvements that have been made recently in the model are also described. The versions considered have 3° × 3.6°, 2° × 2.4°, and 1° × 1.2° latitude–longitude resolution, and in each case the model is run with 40 levels from the ground to 0.0096 mb. The integrations all employ a fixed climatological cycle of sea surface temperature. Over 25 years of integration with the 3° model and shorter integrations with the higher-resolution versions are analyzed. Attention is focused on the December–February and June–August periods. The model does a reasonable job of representing the atmospheric flow in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. The simulated tropospheric climatology has an interesting sensitivity to horizontal resolution. In common with several spectral GCMs that have been examined earlier, the surface zonal-mea.
Brazilian National High School Examination: assessing student's learning in Physics

The entrance to public universities in Brazil depends on scores obtained by students in Enem, Brazilian National Assessment of High School Education. This exam consists of four multiple choice tests (Language, Maths, Natural and Human Sciences) scored by Item Response Theory (IRT). It is a high stake exam for students, allowing the use of its results of this exam to provide conditions for monitoring high school learning and quality of education in Brazil. We present a study of the Physics items of Enem from 2009 to 2014. The questions were classified based on qualitative categories, providing a profile of the Natural Sciences test: a disciplinary exam (Physics, Chemistry and Biology), with mostly qualitative questions, long and time consuming items, only a few of them demanding more complex reasoning and assessing some problem solving skills. The answers of the students were analyzed, using basic statistical exploration and IRT to draw the ICC of the Physics items. A comparison was made between the qualitative analysis and the quantitative analysis for the Physics questions. The study of student performance reveals the low attaining levels of Physics learning at the end of high school, with a small percentage of correct answers; students perform worse in questions that require disciplinary knowledge or use of basic mathematical reasoning. It is also possible to observe discrepancies on the results of two subsets of groups: female students perform worse than male students in most items, and students that come from federal and private high school perform significantly better that those from state high school (75% of students in high school attend state or regional schools). In conclusion, the combined analysis of student's performance and content of the items reveal some of the characteristics of student's learning in Brazil, at around 18 years, that can impact Physics Education system.
Finite-velocity diffusion

The phenomenon of diffusion modelled as Brownian motion or in terms of the diffusion equation is deficient in that it permits an infinite speed of signal propagation. The simplest diffusion-like equation with a bounded speed of signal propagation is the so-called telegrapher's equation which implicitly contains a type of momentum. We discuss some properties, solutions and problems related to this equation. These are generally more complicated in form than corresponding ones for the diffusion equation, exhibiting wave-like properties at short times and diffusion-like properties in the long-time limit. Resumen. El fenomeno de la difusion, modelado tanto como movimiento Browniano como mediante la ecuacion de difusion, es deficiente en el sentido que permite una velocidad de propagacion infinita. La denominada ecuacion del telegrafista es una de las ecuaciones mas simples con una velocidad de propagacion acotada y que contiene de forma implicita un cierto tipo momento. En este trabajo se discuten algunas propiedades, soluciones y cuestiones relacionadas con esta ecuacion. Estas propiedades y soluciones son generalmente mas complicadas que las correspondientes a la ecuacion de difusion ordinaria, presentando, a tiempos cortos, propiedades de tipo ondulatorio y propiedades difusivas en el limite asintotico.
Tuning of Interlayer Coupling in Large-Area Graphene/WSe2 van der Waals Heterostructure via Ion Irradiation: Optical Evidences and Photonic Applications

van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are receiving great attentions due to their intriguing properties and potentials in many research fields. The flow of charge carriers in vdW heterostructures can be efficiently rectified by the interlayer coupling between neighboring layers, offering a rich collection of functionalities and a mechanism for designing atomically thin devices. Nevertheless, nonuniform contact in larger-area heterostructures reduces the device efficiency. In this work, ion irradiation had been verified as an efficient technique to enhance the contact and interlayer coupling in the newly developed graphene/WSe2 heterostructure with a large area of 10 mm × 10 mm. During the ion irradiation process, the morphology of monolayer graphene had been modified, promoting the contact with WSe2. Experimental evidence of the tunable interlayer electron transfer are displayed by investigation of photoluminescence and ultrafast absorption of the irradiated heterostructure. Besides, we have found that in .
1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua) is Hot: Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Search of Meteor Activity

1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua), a recently discovered asteroid in a hyperbolic orbit, is likely the first macroscopic object of extrasolar origin identified in the solar system. Here, we present imaging and spectroscopic observations of ‘Oumuamua using the Palomar Hale Telescope as well as a search of meteor activity potentially linked to this object using the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar. We find that ‘Oumuamua exhibits a moderate spectral gradient of , a value significantly lower than that of outer solar system bodies, indicative of a formation and/or previous residence in a warmer environment. Imaging observation and spectral line analysis show no evidence that ‘Oumuamua is presently active. Negative meteor observation is as expected, since ejection driven by sublimation of commonly known cometary species such as CO requires an extreme ejection speed of ∼40 m s−1 at ∼100 au in order to reach the Earth. No obvious candidate stars are proposed as the point of origin for ‘Oumuamua. Given a mean free path of ∼109 ly in the solar neighborhood, ‘Oumuamua has likely spent a very long time in interstellar space before encountering the solar system.
Anomalously Low-metallicity Regions in MaNGA Star-forming Galaxies: Accretion Caught in Action?

We use data from 1222 late-type star-forming galaxies in the SDSS IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey to identify regions in which the gas-phase metallicity is anomalously low compared to expectations from the tight empirical relation between metallicity and stellar surface mass density at a given stellar mass. We find anomalously low-metallicity (ALM) gas in 10% of the star-forming spaxels and in 25% of the galaxies in the sample. The incidence rate of ALM gas increases strongly with both global and local measures of the specific star formation rate and is higher in lower mass galaxies and in the outer regions of galaxies. The incidence rate is also significantly higher in morphologically disturbed galaxies. We estimate that the lifetimes of the ALM regions are a few hundred Myr. We argue that the ALM gas has been delivered to its present location by a combination of interactions, mergers, and accretion from the halo, and that this infusion of gas stimulates star formation. Given the estimated lifetime and duty cycle of such events, we estimate that the time-averaged accretion rate of ALM gas is similar to the star formation rate in late-type galaxies over the mass range M * ∼ 10 9 –1010 M⊙.
Wavelets for Quantum Gravity and Divergence-Free Wavelets

Abstract We present an easy construction of L 2 -orthonormal bases of divergence-free wavelets in two, four, and eight dimensions. Both wavelets of class C M with exponential decay and wavelets of the Meyer type are constructed. The idea is extended to the construction of symmetric-tensor-valued, divergence-free, trace-free wavelets in four dimensions—of both types. Such orthonormal bases could be applicable to quantum gravity.
How do teachers enact assessment policies as they navigate critical ethical incidents in digital spaces?

Abstract Teachers are increasingly required to enact assessment policies in digitalised spaces, raising ethical issues of privacy and surveillance in the process. Yet, while policy enactment has been examined extensively, there remains research uncertainty around the ethical dimensions associated with assessment policy in digitalised settings. Drawing upon Ball et al.’s Typology of Policy Positions, and utilising Australian teachers’ interviews, we illustrate how the policy positions of the latter were shaped by critical ethical incidents in digitalised conditions. We describe how teachers struggled to reconcile their ethical obligation to provide valid assessment outcomes with their duty of care, procedural institutional commitments, and the need to protect student privacy. To ensure ‘ethical assessment’ practices that best fulfil their obligations, the educators were not confined to one policy position, rather they moved across roles, also framed as moral recuperation mechanisms. Regulations to help facilitate policy enactments of ‘ethical assessment’ in digitalised contexts are suggested.
Geographic distribution, conservation status and lectotypification of Pedersenia weberbaueri (Suess.) Holub (Amaranthaceae), an endemic and highly threatened shrub from the Marañón valley of Peru

The present study analyses the geographical distribution, conservation status, and nomenclature of Peruvian endemic Pedersenia weberbaueri. The species distribution was modelled using MaxEnt based on occurrence data and bioclimatic variables. The conservation status of the species was assessed against the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List, and nomenclatural and typification issues were resolved. The potential distribution map of P. weberbaueri shows that the species is restricted to the seasonally dry tropical forests of the Marañón valley within a narrow latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational range. Consequently, we propose to categorise the species as Endangered (EN) and provide the necessary information for its inclusion in the IUCN Red List. Finally, we resolve nomenclatural issues and designate a lectotype. The results contribute to the biological knowledge of P. weberbaueri and support subsequent conservation management plans.
A Fractional Order Circuit Model of the PT

This paper presents a new digital potential transformer (PT) model. Due to the effect of hysteresis and saturation phenomenon, the magnetization curve of iron core has a strong nonlinear. From the perspective of hysteresis effect of iron core, this article presents a PT core model using the theory of fractional calculus, then propose a new PT circuit model. The model simulates the nonlinear part of iron core using the fractional order expressions and can reflect the feature of saturation. Finally it shows the correctness and validity of the model through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Pancreatic duct lavage cytology combined with a cell-block method for patients with possible pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, including pancreatic carcinoma in situ

Background/Aims This study aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of pancreatic duct lavage cytology combined with a cell-block method (PLC-CB) for possible pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Methods This study included 41 patients with suspected PDACs who underwent PLC-CB mainly because they were unfit for undergoing endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration. A 6-Fr double lumen catheter was mainly used to perform PLC-CB. Final diagnoses were obtained from the findings of resected specimens or clinical outcomes during surveillance after PLC-CB. Results Histocytological evaluations using PLC-CB were performed in 87.8% (36/41) of the patients. For 31 of the 36 patients, final diagnoses (invasive PDAC, 12; pancreatic carcinoma in situ, 5; benignancy, 14) were made, and the remaining five patients were excluded due to lack of surveillance periods after PLC-CB. For 31 patients, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PLC-CB for detecting malignancy were 94.1%, 100%, and 96.8%, respectively. In addition, they were 87.5%, 100%, and 94.1%, respectively, in 17 patients without pancreatic masses detectable using endoscopic ultrasonography. Four patients developed postprocedural pancreatitis, which improved with conservative therapy. Conclusions PLC-CB has an excellent ability to detect malignancies in patients with possible PDACs, including pancreatic carcinoma in situ.
Absence of many‐body localization in a continuum

We consider an extended electronic system with localized single‐particle states coupled by short‐range interactions, in the absence of coupling to an external bath. We show that many‐body localization, which exists in tight‐binding models, is unstable in a continuum. Irrespective of the dimensionality of the system, many‐body localization does not survive the unbounded growth of the single‐particle localization length with increasing energy that is characteristic of the continuum limit. The system remains delocalized down to arbitrarily small temperature T, although its dynamics slows down as T decreases. Remarkably, the conductivity vanishes with decreasing T faster than in the Arrhenius law. The system can be characterized by an effective T‐dependent single‐particle mobility edge which diverges in the limit of T→0 . Delocalization is driven by interactions between hot electrons above the mobility edge and the “bath” of thermal electrons in the vicinity of the Fermi level.
Two Components of the Macroscopic General Field

The general field, containing all the macroscopic fields in it, is divided into the mass component, the source of which is the mass four-current, and the charge component, the source of which is the charge four-current. The mass component includes the gravitational field, acceleration field, pressure field, dissipation field, strong interaction and weak interaction fields, other vector fields. The charge component of the general field represents the electromagnetic field. With the help of the principle of least action we derived the field equations, the equation of the matter’s motion in the general field, the equation for the metric, the energy and momentum of the system of matter and its fields, and calibrated the cosmological constant. The general field components are related to the corresponding vacuum field components so that the vacuum field generates the general field at the macroscopic level.