Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Threshold Elongation of DNA Macromolecule

The mechanism of threshold elongation (overstretching) of DNA macromolecules under the action of external force is studied within the framework of phenomenological approach. When considering the task it is taken into account that double-stranded DNA is a polymorphic macromolecule with a set of metastable states. Accordingly to proposed mechanism, DNA threshold elongation can take place as a cooperative structural transition of macromolecule to metastable form, which is stabilized by the external force. For the description of DNA overstretching, the model included external (stretching) and internal (conformation) displacement components is constructed. As assumed, both components are coupled on the pathway of double helix transformations. It is shown, that under force action DNA deformation proceeds in two stages. First one is the restructuring of the double helix, which leads to formation of conformational bistability in DNA macromolecule. On the second stage, the conformational transition and the deformation induced by it consistently cover the macromolecule as a threshold process. The comparison of calculated characteristics of DNA overstretching process with experimental data shows good agreement. Analysis of the results obtained, together with the available literature data allow to conclude, that overstretching transition in the double helix is dynamical process and can spread in DNA chain. In the same time, in DNA with A$\cdot$T-rich content due to large dissipation the overstretching process leads to force induced melting transition, and should have nearly static character.
An intelligent multi-display terminal system towards: a better programming environment

A good programming environment should be designed after sufficient and careful considerations inclusively of the current progress of the hardware and the software. Intelligent terminals controlled by micro-processors have been developed as a certain step in this sense. But most of them are with a "single" display. It is, however, desired to compare and examine various informations during the programming process. We, therefore, have developed an intelligent terminal with "multi-displays" and implemented a system named MDPS (Multi-Display Programming System) in order to realize a high-level programming environment, where humans' activities of programming efforts are faithfully simulated.
Reversing renormalization-group flows with AdS/CFT

For scalar fields in AdS with masses slightly above the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound, appropriate non-local boundary conditions can define a unitary theory. Such boundary conditions correspond to non-local deformations of the dual CFT, and generate a non-local renormalization-group flow. Nevertheless, a bulk analysis suggests that certain such flows lead to local CFTs in the infra-red. Since the flows are non-local, they can either increase or decrease the central charge of the CFT. In fact, given any local renormalization-group flow within a certain general class which leads from a UV theory (CFT1) to an IR theory (CFT2), we show that one can find such a non-local flow in which the endpoints are interchanged: the non-local theory flows from CFT2 in the IR to CFT1 in the UV. We work at large N, but consider certain 1/N effects corresponding to quantum field effects in the bulk.
Beyond the center - decentralizing the State

The study focuses on decentralization, referring to the process of returning the political, fiscal, and administrative powers, to sub-national units of government. It examines the decentralization transformation of government structures in Latin America, which, since 1983, has largely transferred power, resources, and, responsibilities, to the local level. Eight cases are reviewed, within a framework for sub-national government, revising the functions, structures, and revenues assigned, and, the strategies to synchronize the elements of reform. The macroeconomic threat is addressed through hard budget constraints, analyzing the outcomes of major decentralized states in Latin America, as well as the subtle risk, that empowered local governments may use their political power to undermine national interests, in benefit of individual constituencies. Furthermore, the accountability of authority is examined, revising what is at stake with the decentralization of education, health care, and, infrastructure, under new municipal powers. It is further suggested, that successful decentralization is dependent on consistent political culture, thus, broad sets of rules affecting political behavior are analyzed, particularly on electoral systems and political parties.
A CMOS 2.45-GHz radio frequency identification tag IC with read/write memory

A 2.45-GHz RFID tag chip was designed on standard 0.25- /spl mu/m CMOS process. Using only MOS devices, the low-Vt rectifier circuit produces 100 /spl mu/W of power with 2 dBm input. The tag IC with bidirectional communication and anti-collision features can be read from a distance of up to 15 cm under a reader power of 250 mW. The die area of 0.79 mm/sup 2/ includes a 128-bit rewritable non-volatile memory.
Profile of once-daily zonisamide as monotherapy for treatment of partial seizures in adults

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders, affecting about 50 million people around the world. It is recognized that around 50% of patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy become seizure-free with the first drug treatment, so the choice of first antiepileptic drug is crucial. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of zonisamide as monotherapy for partial seizures, with special attention to the possibility of a once-daily regimen. The available data suggest that zonisamide is an effective and well tolerated option as monotherapy. Once-daily dosing is indicated, considering the long plasma half-life and linear pharmacokinetics of the drug. Zonisamide 300 mg was shown to be noninferior to carbamazepine 600 mg in terms of efficacy and safety, but even lower doses may be effective. Finally, the broad spectrum of efficacy in different seizure types, the low drug interaction potential, and the possibility of weight loss make zonisamide a preferred option in many epilepsy practices. Further data on monotherapy, especially in special populations, such as women of childbearing potential, are needed.
Haptic interactive telerobotics control architecture with iterative solving of inverse kinematics

This work presents a novel Haptic Telerobot Control System architecture for Interactive Use. This involves different topics of research, like UDP/IP data transmission over a wireless local area network and the use of haptic devices in C++ and Java. A method for permanently solving inverse kinematics with applicable intermediary results is described. The system is integrated into a given service robot environment using a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator. Aspects of transparency and stability are analysed with experimental results. Software design issues of this distributed system with a client server structure are discussed.
Osteogenic potential of mesenchymal cells derived from canine umbilical cord matrix co-cultured with platelet-rich plasma and demineralized bone matrix

Canine mesenchymal cells (MSCs) derived from Wharton's jelly were co-cultured, then supplemented or not supplemented with platelet rich plasma (PRP) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to verify osteogenic differentiation. Osteoblastic differentiation followed by mineralized bone matrix production was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) when MSCs were associated with PRP/DBM in culture after 14-21-days of induction. Osteopontin and osteocalcin gene expression were significantly superior (p < 0.05) under the same culture conditions after 21 days of observation. In conclusion, addition of PRP to DBM co-cultured with MSCs successfully induced osteogenesis in vitro.
Synchronous versus induction motors: plant efficiency benefits resulting from the use of synchronous motors

Induction motors are often the choice for various industrial production processes. Use of an induction motor, however, will result in increased lagging power-factor burdens in the plant. This burden often must be corrected by adding capacitors. If not, the result is the penalty of larger kilovoltampere burdens to the interconnected system. The synchronous machine, with the aid of an intelligent excitation controller, can control power factor to reduce the plant reactive loading to the connected system. This article discusses the application of the synchronous motor at the Lion Oil refinery and the digital excitation system used to control the machine power factor.
Comparative Study of Two Virtual Flux DPC Methods applied to Shunt Active Filter

The dynamic and static performance of the Shunt Active Filter depends strongly on adopted control methods. This paper deals with Virtual Flux Based Direct Power Control Methods for Shunt Active. Two commonly used VF-DPC algorithms (Fuzzy-DPC and classical DPC) are presented and discussed with respect to the resulting switching frequency, the harmonics compensation, the spectrum of the current source and the implementation complexity. The proposed control strategies for the active filter have been tested in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation comparison results show that the Fuzzy DPC is more efficient.
A systematic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic peptic ulcers

An idiopathic peptic ulcer is defined as an ulcer with unknown cause or an ulcer that appears to arise spontaneously. The first step in treatment is to exclude common possible causes, including Helicobacter pylori infection, infection with other pathogens, ulcerogenic drugs, and uncommon diseases with upper gastrointestinal manifestations. When all known causes are excluded, a diagnosis of idiopathic peptic ulcer can be made. A patient whose peptic ulcer is idiopathic may have a higher risk for complicated ulcer disease, a poorer response to gastric acid suppressants, and a higher recurrence rate after treatment. Risk factors associated with this disease may include genetic predisposition, older age, chronic mesenteric ischemia, smoking, concomitant diseases, a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and higher stress. Therefore, the diagnosis and management of emerging disease should systematically explore all known causes and treat underlying disease, while including regular endoscopic surveillance to confirm ulcer healing and the use of proton-pump inhibitors on a case-by-case basis.
Implementation of WAVE/DSRC Devices for vehicular communications

The IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 1609-family standards are developed for vehicular communications in telematics. Based on these standards, the implementation of a wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE)/ dedicated short-range communication system (DSRC) is presented. The performance of the implemented system is evaluated via on-road testing with the WAVE short-message protocol (WSMP), which shows the efficiency of the system in vehicular environments.
VLSI global routing algorithms: A survey

Todays ASIC designs are large, complex and provide challenges to the routing tools. These challenges are requirement for speed, efficient routing and optimization of wire length. We study the current algorithms in global routing to understand how they are able to meet those challenges. In this paper we present a survey of existing high performance routing algorithms. We studied the algorithms of cutting edge global routers and provide a summary of these algorithms and their contributions.
What Is Causing the Reduced Drug-Placebo Difference in Recent Schizophrenia Clinical Trials and What Can be Done About It?

On September 18, 2007, a collaborative session between the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology and the International Society for CNS Drug Development was held in Brussels, Belgium. Both groups, with membership from industry, academia, and governmental and nongovernmental agencies, have been formed to address scientific, clinical, regulatory, and methodological challenges in the development of central nervous system therapeutic agents. The focus of this joint session was the apparent diminution of drug-placebo differences in recent multicenter trials of antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia. To characterize the nature of the problem, some presenters reported data from several recent trials that indicated higher rates of placebo response and lower rates of drug response (even to previously established, comparator drugs), when compared with earlier trials. As a means to identify the possible causes of the problem, discussions covered a range of methodological factors such as participant characteristics, trial designs, site characteristics, clinical setting (inpatient vs outpatient), inclusion/exclusion criteria, and diagnostic specificity. Finally, possible solutions were discussed, such as improving precision of participant selection criteria, improving assessment instruments and/or assessment methodology to increase reliability of outcome measures, innovative methods to encourage greater subject adherence and investigator involvement, improved rater training and accountability metrics at clinical sites to increase quality assurance, and advanced methods of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling to optimize dosing prior to initiating large phase 3 trials. The session closed with a roundtable discussion and recommendations for data sharing to further explore potential causes and viable solutions to be applied in future trials.
The Multiplicity of Consciousness and the Emergence of the Self

One of the most striking manifestations of schizophrenia is thought insertion. People suffering from this delusion believe they are not the author of thoughts which they nevertheless own as experiences. It seems that a person‘s sense of agency and their sense of the boundary between mind and world can come apart. Schizophrenia thus vividly demonstrates that self awareness is a complex construction of the brain. This point is widely appreciated. What is not so widely appreciated is how radically schizophrenia challenges our assumptions about the nature of the self. Most theorists endorse the traditional doctrine of the unity of consciousness, according to which a normal human brain generates a single consciousness at any instant in time. In this paper we argue that phenomenal consciousness at each instant is actually a multiplicity: an aggregate of phenomenal elements, each of which is the product of a distinct consciousnessmaking mechanism in the brain. We then consider how certain aspects of self might emerge from this manifold substrate, and speculate about the origin of thought insertion.
Shaping plant architecture

Plants exhibit phenotypical plasticity. Their general body plan is genetically determined, but plant architecture and branching patterns are variable and can be adjusted to the prevailing environmental conditions. The modular design of the plant facilitates such morphological adaptations. The prerequisite for the formation of a branch is the initiation of an axillary meristem. Here, we review the current knowledge about this process. After its establishment, the meristem can develop into a bud which can either become dormant or grow out and form a branch. Many endogenous factors, such as photoassimilate availability, and exogenous factors like nutrient availability or shading, have to be integrated in the decision whether a branch is formed. The underlying regulatory network is complex and involves phytohormones and transcription factors. The hormone auxin is derived from the shoot apex and inhibits bud outgrowth indirectly in a process termed apical dominance. Strigolactones appear to modulate apical dominance by modification of auxin fluxes. Furthermore, the transcription factor BRANCHED1 plays a central role. The exact interplay of all these factors still remains obscure and there are alternative models. We discuss recent findings in the field along with the major models. Plant architecture is economically significant because it affects important traits of crop and ornamental plants, as well as trees cultivated in forestry or on short rotation coppices. As a consequence, plant architecture has been modified during plant domestication. Research revealed that only few key genes have been the target of selection during plant domestication and in breeding programs. Here, we discuss such findings on the basis of various examples. Architectural ideotypes that provide advantages for crop plant management and yield are described. We also outline the potential of breeding and biotechnological approaches to further modify and improve plant architecture for economic needs.
Effects of total dissolved gas supersaturated water on lethality and catalase activity of Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker)

Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation caused by dam sluicing can result in gas bubble trauma (GBT) in fish and threaten their survival. In the present study, Chinese suckers (Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker) were exposed to TDG supersaturated water at levels ranging from 120% to 145% for 48 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and the median lethal time (LT50) were determined to evaluate acute lethal effects on Chinese suckers. The results showed that the LC50 values of 4, 6, 8, and 10 h were 142%, 137%, 135%, and 130%, respectively. The LT50 values were 3.2, 4.7, 7.8, 9.2, and 43.4 h, respectively, when TDG supersaturated levels were 145%, 140%, 135%, 130%, and 125%. Furthermore, the biological responses in Chinese suckers were studied by assaying the catalase (CAT) activities in gills and muscles at the supersaturation level of 140% within LT50. The CAT activities in the gills and muscle tissues exhibited a regularity of a decrease after an increase. CAT activities in the muscles were increased significantly at 3/5LT50 (P<0.05) and then came back to the normal level. However, there were no significant differences between the treatment group (TDG level of 140%) and the control group (TDG level of 100%) on CAT activities in the gills before 3/5LT50 (P>0.05), but the activities were significantly lower than the normal level at 4/5LT50 and LT50 (P<0.05).
An FIO Calculus for Marine Seismic Imaging: Folds and Cross Caps

We consider a linearized inverse problem arising in offshore seismic imaging. Following Nolan and Symes (1997b), one wishes to determine a singular perturbation of a smooth background soundspeed in the Earth from measurements made at the surface resulting from various seismic experiments; the overdetermined data set considered here corresponds to marine seismic exploration. In the presence of only fold caustics for the background, we identify the geometry of the canonical relation underlying the linearized forward scattering operator F, which is a Fourier integral operator. We then establish a composition calculus for general FIOs associated with similar canonical relations, which we call folded cross caps, sufficient for identifying the normal operator F*F. In contrast to the case of a single source experiment, treated by Nolan (2000) and Felea (2005), the resulting artifact is order smoother than the main pseudodifferential part of F*F.
The Benefits of Entropy in Population Protocols

A distributed computing system can be viewed as the result of the interplay between a distributed algorithm specifying the effects of a local event (e.g. reception of a message), and an adversary choosing the interleaving (schedule) of these events in the execution. In the context of large networks of mobile pairwise interacting agents (population protocols), the adversary models the mobility of the agents by choosing the successive pairs of interacting agents. For some problems, assuming that the adversary selects the schedule according to some probability distribution greatly helps to devise (almost) correct solutions. But how much randomness is really necessary? To what extent does a problem admit implementations that are robust against a "not so random" schedule? This paper takes a first step in addressing this question by borrowing the concept of T-randomness, 0 <= T <= 1, from algorithmic information theory. Roughly speaking, the value T fixes the entropy rate of the considered schedules. For instance, the case T = 1 corresponds, in a specific sense, to schedules in which the pairs of interacting agents are chosen independently and uniformly (perfect randomness). The holy grail question can then be precisely stated as determining the optimal entropy rate to solve a given problem. We first show that perfect randomness is never required. Precisely, if a finite-state algorithm solves a problem with 1-randomness, then this algorithm still solves the same problem with T-randomness for some T < 1. Second, we illustrate how to compute bounds on the optimal entropy rate of a specific problem, namely the leader election problem.
Organisational Training Perspectives in a Changing South Africa

This article focuses on organisational training perspectives within a changing South African context. To achieve the aim of this research project, a literature study, including an Internet-based search, and empirical research were undertaken. During the empirical research, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to 365 training practitioners in order to investigate various training perspectives and its relationship with organisational change. Five null hypotheses are tested to investigate the relationship between training and change variables. The traditional role of training has become obsolete, because of organisational change. Training should be placed at the centre of human resources planning programmes and the strategic plans of the organisation. It is emphasised that actions should be taken to ensure that training programmes affect change and that trainees involved in the change process are effectively managed.
DESIGN OF DYNAMIC LOAD BALANCING MULTIMEDIA SYSTEM IN CLOUD

Centralized hierarchical cloud-based multimedia system (CMS) containing of a reserve manager, cluster heads, and server bunches, in which the reserve manager allocates customers’ requirements for hyper media facility responsibilities to servers clusters rendering to the mission features, and then every bunch head allocates the allocated job to the servers in the interior its server bunch. For such a difficult CMS, nevertheless, it is a study trial to enterprise an active load balancing procedure which spreads the hyper media facility task load on servers through the slight price for conveying hyper media statistics among server clusters and customers, although the greatest load boundary of every server cluster is not dishonored. Unlike from preceding works, this broad sheet receipts hooked on explanation an additional applied lively multi-service situation in which every server cluster individual grips an exact kind of multimedia tasks, and every consumer needs a dissimilar kind of hypermedia services at different period. Such a situation can remain exhibited as a numeral lined program design difficult, which is computationally obstinate in general. As an importance, this broad sheet additional answers the problematic by an effective in herited procedure with immigrant structure, which has been displayed to be fit for lively difficulties. Replication out comes prove that the planned hereditary procedure can professionally manage with dynamic multi-service load balancing in CMS.