Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gorman Engel Curves for Incomplete Demand Systems

HE FOCUS OF THIS CHAPTER IS AGGREGATION across individuals to marketlevel behavior for a set of demand equations that does not exhaust the consumption budget. There are good reasons to consider this issue. The effects of government policies and preferences for goods and services both differ across individuals, and the theory of choice applies to individual decision makers. But the impacts of government policies and market intervention schemes on prices, quantities, taxes, benefits, and so forth first unfold at the aggregate market level and then are transmitted to individuals. We therefore need to study demand and supply at the aggregate market level to determine equilibrium prices and quantities transacted, and then preference functions of individuals to identify the disaggregate impacts of those market outcomes. In addition, while aggregation theory has been addressed comprehensively for complete demand systems in Gorman (1953, 1961, 1981), Lewbel (1987, 1990), Muellbauer (1975, 1976), and van Daal and Merkies (1989), almost nothing has been written on aggregation for an incomplete set of demand equations. Gorman (1953, 1961) developed the notion of exact aggregation and derived the quasi-homothetic polar form of indirect preferences that is necessary and sufficient for aggregation to a representative consumer with demands that depend on per capita income. Muellbauer (1975, 1976) extended the Gorman polar form to a nonlinear function of income to obtain the price-independent generalized linear (PIGL) and priceindependent generalized logarithmic (PIGLOG) functional forms. The Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) of Deaton and Muellbauer (1980) implements Muellbauer’s results to produce demands with budget shares expressed as functions of linear and quadratic terms in the logarithm of prices and a linear term in the logarithm of income. The AIDS and its linear approximation (LA-AIDS) have been linchpins in applied demand analysis since their introduction. Shortly thereafter, in an elegant contribution to the festschrift to Sir Richard Stone, Gorman (1981) derived the set of functional forms for demand models that can be written in terms of any additive set of functions of income. This forms the cornerstone for all subsequent aggregation theory in consumption. The existing theory on the number and functional form of income terms in demand models relies critically on the properties of zero degree homogeneity and
Development of Cross-cultural Sensitivity in Business Courses: The Culturelog.

ABSTRACT A significant component in the internationalization of the undergraduate business curriculum is appreciating and anticipating cross-cultural differences. In order to indicate the importance and immediacy of this skill, we incorporated it into standard management and marketing courses. We encouraged our non-American students to keep an ongoing Culturelog, noting cross-cultural differences in concepts raised by their American textbooks. We encouraged them to review such ideas against their self-referent culture (usually Belgian) and the external culture in which they were living (Israel). We consider that the Culturelog with its reflective assignments enables students to more clearly perceive, appreciate and predict cross-cultural issues.
Community Programs To Promote Youth Development.

After-school programs, scout groups, community service activities, religious youth groups, and other community-based activities have long been thought to play a key role in the lives of adolescents. But what do we know about the role of such programs for today's adolescents? How can we ensure that programs are designed to successfully meet young people's developmental needs and help them become healthy, happy, and productive adults? Community Programs to Promote Youth Development explores these questions, focusing on essential elements of adolescent well-being and healthy development. It offers recommendations for policy, practice, and research to ensure that programs are well designed to meet young people's developmental needs. The book also discusses the features of programs that can contribute to a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. It examines what we know about the current landscape of youth development programs for America's youth, as well as how these programs are meeting their diverse needs. Recognizing the importance of adolescence as a period of transition to adulthood, Community Programs to Promote Youth Development offers authoritative guidance to policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and other key stakeholders on the role of youth development programs to promote the healthy development and well-being of the nation's youth.
Modelling the Tasmanian blackcurrant industry

This study models the Tasmanian blackcurrant industry in a partial equilibrium context. The model developed is then used to address two policy issues, the impact of the Closer Economic Relationship (C.E.R) with New Zealand and an assessment of the impact on the industry of the Tasmanian Soft Fruit Industry Board as a statutory marketing authority. The models developed include both those based on adaptive expectations and on rational expectations. The preferred adaptive expectations model is then used to assess the welfare implications of the modification of the sales tax exemption for fruit under the auspices of C.E. R. The study indicates considerable effects on the industry as a result. The effect of the Tasmanian Soft Fruit Industry Board is found to largely duplicate the pricing decisions of another statutory authority, the Fruit industry Sugar Concession Committee.
Market Linkages, Variance Spillovers and Correlation Stability: Empirical Evidences of Financial Contagion

We propose a simultaneous equation system with GARCH errors to model the contemporaneous relations among Asian and American stock markets. On the estimated residuals, we evaluate the correlation matrix over rolling windows and introduce a correlation matrix distance, which allows both a graphical analysis and the development of a statistical test of correlation movements. Furthermore, we introduce a methodology that can be used for identifying turmoil periods on a data-driven basis. We employ the previous results in the analysis of the contagion issue between Asian and American stock markets. Our results shows some evidence of contagion and the proposed statistics identifies, on a data-driven basis, turmoil periods consistent with the ones currently assumed in the literature.
Low complexity implementations of sphere decoding for MIMO detection

A new low complexity sphere decoding method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) maximum-likelihood (ML) detection is proposed. One method that reduces the complexity of sphere decoding is the decoding order of MIMO sphere decoder using the soft-output signal of a suboptimum receiver as a reference. We refer to this method as ordered sphere decoder and we try to reduce its complexity. In order to do this, we use the reliability information of the transmitted vector to do channel ordering. This means that we make decisions on the elements of the transmitted vector starting from its most reliable element. To this end, we arrange the reliabilities in an increasing order. This ordering will define a permutation. The elements of the reference signal and also the columns of the channel matrix will be arranged according to this permutation. Then, we detect the permuted transmitted vector using ordered sphere decoder with the new permuted channel matrix and reference signal. In our proposed method, we start detecting the transmitted vector from its most reliable element and for each element, we start from the most probable transmitted symbol based on the information from the reference signal. This kind of ordering will help finding the candidate transmitted vectors quickly. Our method results in reducing the complexity of sphere decoder specially in low signal to noise ratios without compromising the performance of ML detection.
KL-divergence kernel regression for non-Gaussian fingerprint based localization

Various methods have been developed for indoor localization using WLAN signals. Algorithms that fingerprint the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of WiFi for different locations can achieve tracking accuracies of the order of a few meters. RSSI fingerprinting suffers though from two main limitations: first, as the signal environment changes, so does the fingerprint database, which requires regular updates; second, it has been reported that, in practice, certain devices record more complex (e.g bimodal) distributions of WiFi signals, precluding algorithms based on the mean RSSI. In this article, we propose a simple methodology that takes into account the full distribution for computing similarities among fingerprints using Kullback-Leibler divergence, and that performs localization through kernel regression. Our method provides a natural way of smoothing over time and trajectories. Moreover, we propose unsupervised KL-divergence-based recalibration of the training fingerprints. Finally, we apply our method to work with histograms of WiFi connections to access points, ignoring RSSI distributions, and thus removing the need for recalibration. We demonstrate that our results outperform nearest neighbors or Kalman and Particle Filters, achieving up to 1m accuracy in office environments. We also show that our method generalizes to non-Gaussian RSSI distributions.
Path Expression-based Smoothing of Query Likelihood Model for XML Element Retrieval

In this paper we propose a path expression-based smoothing method of query likelihood model for XML element retrieval (QLMER). Though the query likelihood model, one of the statistical language models, is regarded as an accurate term weighting scheme in document retrieval, it has not been surveyed enough in XML element retrieval. Some term Weighting schemes for XML element retrieval utilize the idea of a path expression and it is effective for accurate retrieval. Therefore, we propose the path expression-based smoothing method. We are also interested in the potential power of QLMER compared with a commonly used term weighting scheme, BM25E, which is a classic probabilistic model. Our experimental evaluations showed that the proposed smoothing method is more effective than the existing one. In addition, BM25E is more effective than QLMER even though the effectiveness improved with the proposed method.
Self positioning to observe prehistoric paints in a cave

The enjoyment and survey of archaeological caves, hardly accessible by human beings, can be executed with the aid of a mobile vehicle. In this context, a fundamental task for the autonomous robot navigation is the selfpositioning with respect to a predefined target. The need of a non invasive intervention in the cave requires the use of natural landmarks as reference points. In this context, we have applied the modified POSIT algorithm (camera pose estimation method) by using a photograph of the prehistoric wall paintings of the archeological cave “Grotta dei Cervi”. First, feature extraction technique has been carried out, then, the position of the robot has been computed. The results obtained by using the experimental test bed in our laboratory are very encouraging for the experimentation in the real environment.
Comparison of the i-gel and other supraglottic airways in adult manikin studies

Background: The i-gel has a gel-like cuff composed of thermoplastic elastomer that does not require cuff inflation. As the elimination of cuff inflation may shorten insertion time, the i-gel might be a useful tool in emergency situations requiring prompt airway care. This systematic review and meta-analysis of previous adult manikin studies for inexperienced personnel was performed to compare the i-gel with other supraglottic airways. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before June 2015, including with a crossover design, using the following search terms: “i-gel,” “igel,” “simulation,” “manikin,” “manikins,” “mannequin,” and “mannequins. ” The primary outcomes of this review were device insertion time and the first-attempt success rate of insertion. Results: A total of 14 RCTs were included. At the initial assessment without difficult circumstances, the i-gel had a significantly shorter insertion time than the LMA Classic, LMA Fastrach, LMA Proseal, LMA Unique, laryngeal tube, Combitube, and EasyTube. However, a faster insertion time of the i-gel was not observed in comparisons with the LMA Supreme, aura-i, and air-Q. In addition, the i-gel did not show the better results for the insertion success rate when compared to other devices. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis indicated that inexperienced volunteers placed the i-gel more rapidly than other supraglottic airways with the exception of the LMA Supreme, aura-i, and air-Q in manikin studies. However, the quicker insertion time is clinically not relevant. The unapparent advantage regarding the insertion success rate and the inherent limitations of the simulation setting indicated that additional evidence is necessary to confirm these advantages of the i-gel in an emergency setting.
The iron Kα Compton shoulder in transmitted and reflected spectra

We calculate the equivalent width of the core, and the centroid energy and relative flux of the first-order Compton shoulder of the iron Ka emission line from neutral matter. The calculations are performed with Monte Carlo simulations. We explore a large range of column densities for both transmitted and reflected spectra, and study the dependence on the iron abundance. The Compton shoulder is now becoming observable in many objects thanks to the improved sensitivity and/or energy resolution of the XMM-Newton and Chandra satellites, and the present work aims to provide a tool to derive information on the geometry and element abundances of the line-emitting matter from Compton shoulder measurements.
The Rise of the Fourth Estate: How Newspapers Became Informative and Why it Mattered

A free and informative press is widely agreed to be crucial to the democratic process today. But throughout much of the nineteenth century U.S. newspapers were often public relations tools funded by politicians, and newspaper independence was a rarity. The newspaper industry underwent fundamental changes between 1870 and 1920 as the press became more informative and less partisan. Whereas 11 percent of urban dailies were "independent" in 1870, 62 percent were in 1920. The rise of the informative press was the result of increased scale and competitiveness in the newspaper industry caused by technological progress in the newsprint and newspaper industries. We examine the press coverage surrounding two major political scandals -- Credit Mobilier in the early 1870s and Teapot Dome in the 1920s. The analysis demonstrates a sharp reduction in bias and charged language in the half century after 1870. From 1870 to 1920, when corruption appears to have declined significantly within the United States, the press became more informative, less partisan, and expanded its circulation considerably. It seems a reasonable hypothesis that the rise of the informative press was one of the reasons why the corruption of the Gilded Age was sharply reduced during the subsequent Progressive Era.
Design and Management of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage Systems for Regulation Services

Regulation services (RS) play an important role in maintaining the stability of electric grids by correcting for short-term mismatches between electricity generation and demand. RS providers dynamically supply electricity to the grid or consume electricity from it, in response to regulation signals, in return for economic compensation. This capability is commonly realized through large-scale electrical energy storage (EES) systems based on batteries. However, the highly transient nature of the regulation signals implies that the batteries used for RS are subject to frequent charge and discharge cycles, leading to shortened battery life and thereby impacting the profitability of RS. In this work, we explore the use of hybrid EES (HEES) systems, which combine batteries and supercapacitors, to improve the profitability of RS. HEES systems have the potential to reduce the cost of providing RS by utilizing supercapacitors to respond to the high-frequency components of the regulation signal, prolonging battery life. However, realizing this potential presents several challenges. First, the benefits of HEES systems have a profound dependence on the type of hybrid topology (i.e., active or passive), which results in a tradeoff between the implementation cost and the utilization of the supercapacitor capacity. Second, the allocation of energy storage capacity to batteries and supercapacitors should be carefully determined in the design phase because the reduction in battery replacement cost due to the use of supercapacitors must be balanced against the increased upfront cost for supercapacitors. Third, active HEES systems involve the problem of managing the power flows to batteries and supercapacitors so as to realize maximum cost benefits. To address these challenges, we present a framework for the design and management of a HEES system, so as to maximize the profit from the perspective of an RS provider. This framework consists of i) a design-time capacity optimization phase that determines the best allocation of capacity to batteries and supercapacitors and ii) a run-time management scheme that selects how the different storage devices are orchestrated considering their characteristics and the incoming regulation signal. Our experiments show that, with the proposed capacity optimization and management framework, the use of a passive or an active HEES system can improve the profit of RS providers by 1.16<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="kim-ieq1-2627543.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> or 5.44<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="kim-ieq2-2627543.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>, respectively.
Training and support of developing-country population scientists : a panel report

In light of the preceding assessment of the current situation and needs for the future the panel recommends the actions described below. While it is clear that the most desirable situation is one in which population experts are trained primarily in high-quality institutions located in their own countries or regions it is equally clear that this scenario is not likely to be achieved in the near future. Moreover until career opportunities for trained population scientists improve in the developing world many of those trained outside their own country may not return after their training is complete. The limited availability of resources dictates that choices be made. With this in mind the following recommendations represent the panels assessment of the actions that are most likely to lead to a more desirable situation while taking account of existing needs and gaps. The recommendations focus on graduate-level education and support for highly trained population professionals. They are directed toward three of the primary actors in the training of population scientists: (1) universities providing graduate training in population (2) professional associations of population scientists and (3) donors supporting population scientists in developing countries. (excerpt)
Constrained optimization applying decomposed unlimited point method based on KKT condition

Constrained optimization problems play a significant role within optimization problems. In this paper, a novel method, decomposed unlimited point method (DUPM), is proposed to modify the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition of constrained optimization problems. In the DUPM, KKT condition can be transformed into equations without any limitation in the variable space. Afterwards, the equivalent equations are solved by Levenberg-Marquardt method (LMM), which is the first attempt ever of applying LMM to such situations. Simulation results on various numerical examples demonstrate that DUPM is able to transform the primal KKT condition into equations without changing the functions' characteristics such as continuity and smoothness unlike nonlinear complementarity problem method (NCPM), and LMM can be widely used to solve the equivalent equations with a quadratic convergence rate.
Double weighted methodology: A weighted ensemble approach to handle concept drift in data streams

Data Streams are instances that arrive at a very rapid rate with changes in underlying conceptual distributions. Many ensemble learning approaches were developed to handle these changes in the dataset, which proved to be better than a single classifier system. In our work, we will discuss the framework of our new approach, Double Weighted Methodology and empirically prove it to be better than the existing single classifier approaches and the online ensemble approaches. Empirical results would prove that our approach is highly competitive, giving good accuracy and speed in handling and identifying drifts in data, irrespective of noise present in the dataset.
Communication overload management through social interactions clustering

We propose in this paper to handle the problem of overload in social interactions by grouping messages according to three important dimensions: (i) content (textual and hashtags), (ii) users, and (iii) time difference. We evaluated our approach on a Twitter data set and we compared it to other existing approaches and the results are promising and encouraging.
The Effectiveness of the Interventions of the Swiss National Bank; An Event-Study Analysis

We use the event-study methodology to analyze the effectiveness of the foreign exchange market interventions conducted by the Swiss National Bank (SNB) during the period from 1986 through 1995. We measure the effectiveness of the interventions of the SNB in terms of their effect on exchange rate dynamics. We find some evidence that the interventions of the SNB to strengthen the Swiss franc had an impact on exchange rate dynamics. However, the significance of this effect depends in general upon the effectiveness criterion and the length of the event window we use to apply the event-study methodology.
Performance Analysis of Multicast Routing Algorithms Doctoral Dissertation Proposal

Proposal Summary As more and more real-time applications are applied on the Internet, the current multicast routing protocols, DVMRP and M-OSPF can not handle very well. So new multicast routing algorithms are required. In fact, many have already been proposed. But it is hard to judge which one is better because too many factors can innuence the performance of a multicast routing algorithm. Our aim is to evaluate the performance of the existing multicast routing algorithms and to nd a \good" one. To do so, we have to analyze all the critical aspects innuencing the performance of routing algorithms and systematically deene a set of rules. Extension could proceed toward reliable multicast routing.