Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MRI Assessment of Superior Temporal Gyrus in Williams Syndrome

ObjectiveTo evaluate volumes and asymmetry of superior temporal gyrus (STG) and correlate these measures with a neurocognitive evaluation of verbal performance in Williams syndrome (WS) and in a typically developing age-matched and sex-matched group. BackgroundDespite initial claims of language strength in WS, recent studies suggest delayed language milestones. The STG is implicated in linguistic processing and is a highly lateralized brain region. MethodHere, we examined STG volumes and asymmetry of STG in WS patients and in age-matched controls. We also correlated volume of STG with a subset of verbal measures. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained on a GE 1.5-T magnet with 1.5-mm contiguous slices, and were used to measure whole gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volumes, and also STG volume. ResultsResults revealed significantly reduced intracranial volume in WS patients, compared with controls. Right and left STG were also significantly smaller in WS patients. In addition, compared with normal controls, a lack of normal left >right STG asymmetry was evident in WS. Also of note was the finding that, in contrast to controls, WS patients did not reveal a positive correlation between verbal intelligence quotient and left STG volume, which further suggests a disruption in this region of the brain. ConclusionsIn conclusion, atypical patterns of asymmetry and reduced STG volume in WS were observed, which may, in part, contribute to some of the linguistic impairments found in this cohort of WS patients.
Ionic liquid‐based aqueous biphasic systems as a versatile tool for the recovery of antioxidant compounds

The comparative evaluation of distinct types of ionic liquid‐based aqueous biphasic systems (IL‐ABS) and more conventional polymer/salt‐based ABS to the extraction of two antioxidants, eugenol and propyl gallate, is focused. In a first approach, IL‐ABS composed of ILs and potassium citrate (C6H5K3O7/C6H8O7) buffer at pH 7 were applied to the extraction of two antioxidants, enabling the assessment of the impact of IL cation core on the extraction. The second approach uses ABS composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and potassium phosphate (K2HPO4/KH2PO4) buffer at pH 7 with imidazolium‐based ILs as adjuvants. Their application to the extraction of the compounds allowed the investigation of the impact of the presence/absence of IL, the PEG molecular weight, and the alkyl side chain length of the imidazolium cation on the partition. It is possible to maximize the extractive performance of both antioxidants up to 100% using both types of IL‐ABS. The IL enhances the performance of ABS technology. The data puts in evidence the pivotal role of the appropriate selection of the ABS components and design to develop a successful extractive process, from both environmental and performance points of view. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 31:70–77, 2015
A systematic review of nutritional risk factors of Parkinson's disease

A wide variety of nutritional exposures have been proposed as possible risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) with plausible biological hypotheses. Many studies have explored these hypotheses, but as yet no comprehensive systematic review of the literature has been available. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and WEB OF SCIENCE databases were searched for existing systematic reviews or meta-analyses of nutrition and PD, and one meta-analysis of coffee drinking and one meta-analysis of antioxidants were identified. The databases were searched for primary research articles, and articles without robust methodology were excluded by specified criteria. Seven cohort studies and thirty-three case–control (CC) studies are included in the present systematic review. The majority of studies did not find significant associations between nutritional factors and PD. Coffee drinking and alcohol intake were the only exposures with a relatively large number of studies, and meta-analyses of each supported inverse associations with PD. Factors that were reported by at least one CC study to have significantly increased consumption among cases compared with controls were: vegetables, lutein, xanthophylls, xanthins, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, junk food, refined sugar, lactose, animal fat, total fat, nuts and seeds, tea, Fe, and total energy. Factors consumed significantly less often among cases were: fish, egg, potatoes, bread, alcohol, coffee, tea, niacin, pantothenic acid, folate and pyridoxine. In three cohort studies, two reported borderline decreased relative risks and one a significant increased risk with vitamin C intake. One cohort reported an inverse association between caffeine intake and PD. Three cohorts reported significant positive association in men between dairy products and PD.
Raman scattering investigation of large positive magnetoresistance material WTe2

We have performed polarized Raman scattering measurements on WTe2, for which an extremely large positive magnetoresistance has been reported recently. We observe 5 A1 phonon modes and 2 A2 phonon modes out of 33 Raman active modes, with frequencies in good accordance with first-principles calculations. The angular dependence of the intensity of the peaks observed is consistent with the Raman tensors of the C2v point group symmetry attributed to WTe2. Although the phonon spectra suggest neither strong electron-phonon nor spin-phonon coupling, the intensity of the A1 phonon mode at 160.6 cm−1 shows an unconventional decrease with temperature decreasing, for which the origin remains unclear.
Comparison between HSV and YCbCr Color Model Color-Texture based Classification of the Food Grains

paper presents the comparative study among HSV and YCbCr color models in the classification of food grains by combining color and texture features without performing preprocessing. Also, the paper deals with the effect of training set, block size and K-value in the process of classification. The proposed method is performed in two phases; the feature extraction phase and classification phase. The K-NN and minimum distance classifiers are used to classify the different types of food grains using color, local and global features. The classification of food grains involves the computation of features locally and globally using the Haralick features and the cumulative histogram respectively. The non-uniformity of RGB color space is eliminated by HSV and YCbCr color space. The good classification accuracy is achieved using both the color models.
AN IMPROVEMENT ON BROOKS ’ THEOREM 3

We prove that χ(G) ≤ max { ω(G),∆2(G), 5 6 (∆(G) + 1) } for every graph G with ∆(G) ≥ 3. Here ∆2 is the parameter introduced by Stacho that gives the largest degree that a vertex v can have subject to the condition that v is adjacent to a vertex whose degree is at least as large as its own. This upper bound generalizes both Brooks’ Theorem and the Ore-degree version of Brooks’ Theorem.
Effect of boat noise on the behaviour of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus in the Mediterranean Sea

The effect of boat noise on the behaviour of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus was investi- gated in the Egadi Islands, Sicily, during spring 2005 using a fixed tuna trap set near shipping routes. Tuna behaviour was observed when exposed to both natural ambient sound and sound generated by hydrofoil passenger ferries, small boats and large car ferries. Acoustical and behavioural analyses were conducted with and without extraneous sound to define a list of behavioural categories. Each vessel produced different engine sounds with regard to their composition and bandwidth, and all were distinctly different from ambient sound levels. In the absence of boat noise, tuna assumed a con- centrated coordinated school structure with unidirectional swimming and without a precise shape. When a car ferry approached, tuna changed swimming direction and increased their vertical move- ment toward surface or bottom; the school exhibited an unconcentrated structure and uncoordinated swimming behaviour. Hydrofoils appeared to elicit a similar response, but for shorter periods. Ago- nistic behaviour was more evident when exposed to sounds from outboard motors of small boats. This study showed that local noise pollution generated by boats produced behavioural deviations in tuna schools. Schooling enhances tuna homing accuracy during their spawning migration, and an alter- ation in schooling behaviour can affect the accuracy of their migration to spawning and feeding grounds.
A Hybrid Clustering Criterion for R*-Tree on Business Data

It is well-known that multidimensional indices are efficient to improve the query performance on relational data. As one successful multi-dimensional index structure, R*-tree, a famous member of the R-tree family, is very popular. The clustering pattern of the objects (i.e., tuples in relational tables) among R*-tree leaf nodes is one of the deceive factors on performance of range queries, a popular kind of queries on business data. Then, how is the clustering pattern formed? In this paper, we point out that the insert algorithm of R*tree, especially, its clustering criterion of choosing subtrees for new coming objects, determines the clustering pattern of the tuples among the leaf nodes. According to our discussion and observations, it becomes clear that the present clustering criterion of R*-tree can not lead to a good clustering pattern of tuples when R*-tree is applied to business data, which greatly degrades query performance. After that, a hybrid clustering criterion for the insert algorithm of R*-tree is introduced. Our discussion and experiments indicate that query performance of R*-tree on business data is improved clearly by the hybrid criterion.
Registration of 'Mace' Hard Red Winter Wheat

‘Mace’ (Reg. No. CV-1027, PI 651043) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and released in December 2007. Mace was selected from the cross Yuma//PI 372129/3/CO850034/4/4*Yuma/5/(KS91H184/Arlin S//KS91HW29/3/NE89526). Mace primarily was released for its resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and adaptation to rainfed and irrigated wheat production systems in Nebraska and adjacent areas in the northern Great Plains. Mace was derived from a head selection made from a heterogeneous, in terms of fi eld resistance to WSMV, F 5 line. Resistance to WSMV is conditioned by the Wsm-1 gene, located on an introgressed chromosome arm from Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey [Agropyron intermedium (Horst.) Beauv. ] present as a 4DL.4AgS chromosomal translocation. Mace was tested under the experimental designation N02Y5117.
The Genomic Legacy of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Yungas Valley of Bolivia

During the period of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (TAST) some enslaved Africans were forced to move to Upper Peru (nowadays Bolivia). At first they were sent to Potosí, but later to the tropical Yungas valley where the Spanish colonizers established a so-called “hacienda system” that was based on slave labor, including African-descendants. Due to their isolation, very little attention has been paid so far to ‘Afro-Bolivian’ communities either within the research field of TAST or in genetic population studies. In this study, a total of 105 individuals from the Yungas were sequenced for their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, and mitogenomes were obtained for a selected subset of these samples. We also genotyped 46 Ancestry Informative Markers (AIM) in order to investigate continental ancestry at the autosomal level. In addition, Y-chromosome STR and SNP data for a subset of the same individuals was also available from the literature. The data indicate that the partitioning of mtDNA ancestry in the Yungas differs significantly from that in the rest of the country: 81% Native American, 18% African, and 1% European. Interestingly, the great majority of ‘Afro-descendant’ mtDNA haplotypes in the Yungas (84%) concentrates in the locality of Tocaña. This high proportion of African ancestry in the Tocaña is also manifested in the Y-chromosome (44%) and in the autosomes (56%). In sharp contrast with previous studies on the TAST, the ancestry of about 1/3 of the ‘Afro-Bolivian’ mtDNA haplotypes can be traced back to East and South East Africa, which may be at least partially explained by the Arab slave trade connected to the TAST.
LDT : LOG DECISION TREE TO CLINICAL DATA CLASSIFICATION

The massive recording of the continuous data in the real-time imposes huge burden in analyzing the medical data as it takes huge time for execution and may cause errors due to the data uncertainty and the inability to interpret the highly significant features. As a result, the data is classified according to the rules and the efficiency of the data classification relies on the data feature selection. To address this issue, the paper introduces a new algorithm for the optimal selection of the features that uses a novel parameter for optimally determining the features. The proposed Log Decision Tree (LDT) uses the novel parameter termed as the Log-entropy to retrieve the mutually significant feature from the data such that the future data classification depends on the LDT classification model for determining the disease/condition of the patients, which leads to the easy diagnosis. The Log-entropy function uses the entropy and the weights of the features for computing the importance of the features and based on the selected features, the LDT model is developed. The experimentation proves that the proposed LDT attained a greater value of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of 83.7386%, 77.6160%, and 86.4407% respectively.
Argument Scope in Inductive Reasoning: Evidence for an Abductive Account of Induction

Our ability to induce the general from the specific is a hallmark of human cognition. Inductive reasoning tasks ask participants to determine how strongly a set of premises (e.g., Collies have sesamoid bones) imply a conclusion (Dogs have sesamoid bones). Here, we present evidence for an abductive theory of inductive reasoning, according to which inductive strength is determined by treating the conclusion as an explanation of the premises, and evaluating the quality of that explanation. Two inductive reasoning studies found two signatures of explanatory reasoning, previously observed in other studies: (1) an evidential asymmetry between positive and negative evidence, with observations casting doubt on a hypothesis given more weight than observations in support; and (2) a latent scope effect, with ignorance about potential evidence counting against a hypothesis. These results suggest that inductive reasoning relies on the same hypothesis evaluation mechanisms as explanatory reasoning.
When Slower is Faster On Heterogeneous Multicores for Reliable Systems

Breaking up the OS in many small components is attractive from a dependability point of view. If one of the components crashes or needs an update, we can replace it on the ﬂy without taking down the system. The question is how to achieve this without sacriﬁcing performance and without wasting resources unnecessarily. In this paper, we show that heterogeneous multicore architectures allow us to run OS code efﬁciently by executing each of the OS components on the most suitable core. Thus, components that require high single-thread performance run on (expensive) high-performance cores, while components that are less performance critical run on wimpy cores. Moreover, as current trends suggest that there will be no shortage of cores, we can give each component its own dedicated core when performance is of the essence, and consolidate multiple functions on a single core (saving power and resources) when performance is less critical for these components. Using frequency scaling to emulate different x86 cores, we evaluate our design on the most demanding subsystem of our operating system—the network stack. We show that less is sometimes more and that we can deliver better throughput with slower and, likely, less power hungry cores. For instance, we support network processing at close to 10 Gbps (the maximum speed of our NIC), while using an average of just 60% of the core speeds. Moreover, even if we scale all the cores of the network stack down to as little as 200 MHz, we still achieve 1.8 Gbps, which may be enough for many applications.
Biphasic Shocks Compared with Monophasic Damped Sine Wave Shocks for Direct Ventricular Defibrillation during Open Heart Surgery

Background Biphasic waveform shocks are more effective than monophasic shocks for transchest ventricular defibrillation, atrial cardioversion, and defibrillation with implantable defibrillators but have not been studied for open chest, intraoperative defibrillation. This prospective, blinded, randomized clinical study compares biphasic and monophasic shock effectiveness and establishes intraoperative energy dose–response curves. Methods Patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery with bypass cardioplegia were randomly assigned to the monophasic or biphasic shock group. Ventricular fibrillation occurring after aortic clamp removal was treated with escalating energies of 2, 5, 7, 10, and 20 J until defibrillation occurred. If ventricular fibrillation persisted, a 20-J crossover shock of the other waveform was used. Results Cumulative defibrillation success at 5 J, the primary end point of the study, was higher in the biphasic group than in the monophasic group (25 of 50 vs. 9 of 41 defibrillated;P = 0.011). In addition, the biphasic group required lower threshold energy (6.8 vs. 11.0 J;P = 0.003), less cumulative energy (12.6 vs. 23.4 J;P = 0.002), and fewer shocks (2.5 vs. 3.5;P = 0.002). Crossover-shock effectiveness did not differ between groups. Dose–response curves show biphasic shocks to have higher cumulative success rates at all energies tested. Conclusions Biphasic shocks are substantially more effective than monophasic shocks for direct defibrillation. The dose–response curve guides selection of first-shock energy for traditional step-up protocols. Starting at 5 J optimizes for lowest threshold and cumulative energy, whereas 10 or 20 J optimizes for more rapid defibrillation and fewer shocks.
Thermophysical Properties of Five Acetate-Based Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) with improved hydrogen-bonding acceptor abilities, such as acetate-based compounds, have shown great potential for CO2 capture and biomass dissolution. In this context, the knowledge of the thermophysical properties of acetate-based fluids is essential for the design and scale-up of related processes. However, at this stage, acetate-based ILs are still poorly characterized. In this work, four thermophysical properties, specifically, density, viscosity, refractive index, and surface tension, were determined for five acetate-based ILs. Both protic and aprotic ILs were investigated, namely, N,N-dimethyl-N-ethylammonium acetate, 1-ethylimidazolium acetate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium acetate. From the temperature dependence of the measured properties, additional properties, such as the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, the surface entropy and enthalpy, and the critical temperature, were further estimated.
Nasopalatine Canal Revisited: An Insight to Anterior Maxillary Implants

Purpose: The study was performed to evaluate variability in nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in relation to age and gender. The study also provides an insight while considering anterior maxillary implants. Materials and Methods: The study included 200 subjects aged between 19 and 67 years who were divided into the following 3 groups: 1) 19 - 34 years old; 2) 35 - 49 years old; 3) >50 years old. The male and female subjects were 104 and 96 respectively. After obtaining a prior consent, CBCT was performed using a standard exposure and patient positioning protocol. The CBCT volume was sliced in three planes (X, Y, and Z) and was sequentially analyzed for the location, morphology and morphometric dimensions of the nasopalatine canal. The correlation of age and gender with all the variables were evaluated. Results: The present study revealed statistically significant differences in the length of the nasopalatine canal based on the age group. The slanted and the cylindrical variety of the nasopalatine canal were commonly observed in the study. However, no statistical differences were noted in the other variables such as number of openings at the nasal fossa, diameter of the incisive fossa, angulation of the canal as viewed in the sagittal sections and antero-posterior dimensions of the canal in the sagittal sections. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the variability observed in the anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal which is an important landmark for placing dental implants in the anterior maxillary region.
2018-00637-PhD Position / Mixed-representation state estimation [ S ]

Autonomy of robots often requires an internal representation of the current state of both the robot and its environment. For instance, a mobile robot aiming to go at a specific location will often estimate its current location and the map of the place; a robotic arm trying to pick an object will need the pose of the object (position and orientation), the description of potential obstacles, and its own current configuration; a humanoid robot in interaction with a human will need to know what the human is currently doing, her pose, her intention, her emotional state. Standard state estimation techniques often rely on a probabilistic representation wherein a probability distribution over the state space is recursively computed based on some observations and a model of the evolution of the system. This is generically known as a Bayesian filter, which has several classical instantiations according to the specificities of the system. Typical examples cases are Hidden Markov Models for discrete state representation and full transition matrices [Rabiner, 1989], Kalman filters for continuous states with Gaussian distributions and linear models [Kalman, 1960], or even particle filters for a sampled representation of the distributions [Doucet et al., 2000]. These techniques have been applied for distinct parts of the estimation either of the state of the robot with embedded sensors [Kubelka et al., 2015, Hitz et al., 2016], for the state of the robot with distributed sensors [Rio et al., 2016], for the estimation of human activity [Dubois and Charpillet, 2013] or sound sources [Nguyen et al., 2016], or even mapping the environment [Durrant-Whyte and Bailey, 2006]. As expected various representations are suited for different purposes.
How do adults reason about their opponent? Typologies of players in a turn-taking game

This paper reports a construction of typologies of players based on their strategic reasoning in turn-taking games. Classifications have been done based on latent class analysis and according to different orders of theory of mind, and exploratory validations have been provided for the resulting classifications. Finally, interaction of the typologies described by these classifications is discussed towards achieving a common perspective of typologies of players originating from various aspects of strategic thinking.