Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representation of taste stimuli in the brain.

Ingestive behavior is controlled by various neural systems in the central nervous system such as oromotor and taste neural systems. Since the taste system is the final arbiter by which an animal determines whether a chemical or food will be acceptable (Travers and Norgren, 1986), the taste system is one of the main neural systems for ingestive behavior. The brainstem contains a basic neural system for ingestive behavior, that includes brainstem taste areas such as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the pontine parabrachial nucleus (PBN), by which the animal can manifest different oromotor responses to four basic tastes (Grill and Norgren, 1978). It has been suggested that the forebrain, including the amygdala (AM) and hypothalamus, which receives taste information from the brainstem taste areas, is a higher center which modulates activity of this basic neural system by its descending projections (Norgren, 1995). The AM and hypothalamus, which receives massive afferent fibers from the AM, have been reported to be important in motivation, feeding behavior and evaluation of the biological significance of sensory stimuli (Rolls, 1976; Nishijo et al., 1988). Lesions of the AM and hypothalamus altered food preference in monkeys and rats (Murray et al., 1996; Isaacson, 1982) and attenuated behavioral responses to both preferred and aversive taste stimuli in rats (Kemble and Schwartzbaum, 1969). Furthermore, decerebration and electrical stimulation or inactivation of the forebrain modulated activity of taste neurons in the NTS and PBN (Matsuo et al., 1984; Mark et al., 1988; Di Lorenzo, 1990). In the present study, to investigate the nature of taste information processing in the AM, neuronal activity was recorded from the AM during discrimination of sensory stimuli associated with various taste solutions and ingestion of taste solutions.
Management and Content Analysis of Timeout during Volleyball Games

The aim of the study was to record the administration of time out in relation to the score, along with coaches’ analysis of their comments and also the varieties of comments between teams which won and which lost the games. The sample was the 12 coaches of Greek A1 division championships. It was recorded 238 time outs in 12 official games in local period. The procedure was accomplished through video and sound recording during time out and then it was analyzed. The Instrument for Recording Coaches’ Comments during Time-Outs (Hastie, 1999) was used. Analysis of frequencies showed that most of the coaches preferred to take time out after the first technical time out (9-16 points -36%) and especially after the second (17-21 points -39.3%). They also used time out mainly when the score was 2 points in favour to the opponent team 22%. As far as the variety kinds of comments that each coach used, it was found that most of those comments referred to game tactics (50.85%). Psychological comments were fewer (26.70%), while other comments were even less (19.61%). MANOVA (p<.05) didn’t show any significant difference between the coaches comments and their final ranking (1-4, 5-8, 9-12).
Predictive complex event processing: a conceptual framework for combining complex event processing and predictive analytics

Complex Event Processing deals with the detection of complex events based on rules and patterns defined by domain experts. Many complex events require real-time detection in order to have enough time for appropriate reactions. However, there are several events (e.g. credit card fraud) that should be prevented proactively before they occur, not just responded after they happened. In this paper, we briefly describe Complex Event Processing (CEP) and Predictive Analytics (PA). Afterwards, we focus on a major future direction of CEP, namely the inclusion of PA technologies into CEP tools and applications. Involving PA opens a wide range of possibilities in several application fields. However, we have observed that only few solutions apply PA techniques. In this paper, we define a conceptual framework which combines CEP and PA and which can be the basis of generic design pattern in the future. The conceptual framework is demonstrated in a proof--of--concept experiment. Finally we provide the results and lessons learned.
Kalman filtering for widely linear complex and quaternion valued bearings only tracking

Bearings only target tracking is concerned with estimating the trajectory of an object from noise-corrupted bearing (phase) measurements. Traditionally this problem has been formulated as real valued for the Cartesian coordinate system or modified polar coordinate system. In this study, the authors introduce the bearings only tracking problem for the complex and quaternion domains to take advantage of the natural representation offered by these domains, for multivariate real signals, as well as the greater insights provided into the dynamics of tracking. Moreover, the authors introduce the augmented complex and quaternion extended Kalman filters for the modelling of second-order non-circular complex and quaternion valued signals, for which a widely linear model is shown to be more suitable than a strictly linear model.
Secure Universal Plug and Play network

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a set of specifications to enable and simplify the networking of electronic devices. UPnP does not generally provide any security and assumes that only trusted devices have access to the network. For networks where untrusted devices have to be taken into account, this paper proposes a secure UPnP network architecture, including key management. The architecture uses Transport Layer Security (TLS) to secure all TCP traffic, which carries most of UPnP messages. To establish a TLS session, each node must have an X.509 certificate for authentication. Certificates are granted by a local Certificate Authority (CA) but only if the Administrator has accepted the new node. UPnP discovery phase uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) where it is not possible to use TLS, but we encrypt UDP data. UDP encryption key is shared by the whole network and distributed using TLS. We verified the architecture by implementation.
Are multi-electrode arrays able to differentiate anatomical from functional reentries in an excitable sheet?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias seen in clinical practice. Anatomical and functional reentries seem to be important in driving AF. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify and locate them. Multi-electrode array systems are increasingly being used to map the atrial electrical activity in humans. We use here computer simulations of reentries and process electrograms to perform phase maps, phase singularity (PS) detections and dominant frequency (DF) maps, in order to study if the multi-electrode array systems can distinguish properly between anatomical and functional reentries. Our results show that although there is no difference between phase maps corresponding to anatomical and functional reentries (all they exhibit rotors and therefore, in all cases a trajectory is tracked through the PS detections), overlapping the trajectories with the DF maps obtained it is able to distinguish anatomical from functional reentries.
Perceptions Of American Latino Families Of Their Children's Education: Stories From One Suburban Middle School

i TABLE OF CONTENTS . ii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Statement of the Problem . 3 Rationale . 5 Research Questions . 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 Introduction . 7 Education and Advanced Degrees . 9 Parental Education . 10 Social Capital . 11 Mobility . 12 Socioeconomic Disadvantage . 13 Clustering . 14 Economic Trends . 15 Assimilation . 16 Deficit Perspective . 17 Teacher Perception . 18 Effects of Early Learning . 19 Undocumented Status of Immigrant Families . 21 Funding and School Facilities . 22 Attitudes and Perception Toward U.S. Policy . 24
Firms’ network formation through thetransmission of heterogeneous knowledge

This paper studies the evolution of a network of leading firms that are engaged in an active search to improve their technological capability through interaction with knowledge-heterogeneous firms. Through the simulation of a linear model of technological spillovers we show the emergence of paradigm setters and the impact of search routines on the system’s average performance.
The Use of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors in Atopic Dermatitis

In recent years, two topical calcineurin inhibitors have emerged as effective alternatives to corticosteroids for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Decisions regarding first line therapy between pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are often based on anecdotal evidence. Herein, we review the current evidence supporting the use of pimecrolimus and tacrolimus in atopic dermatitis as well as key differences in safety, tolerability, and cost between the drugs.
WIMAX traffic forecasting based on neural networks in wavelet domain

In this article we propose an approach for predicting traffic time series based on the association of the Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). We focused on comparing the quality of forecasting obtained using different configurations of the ANN. We tested our different configurations using real traffic data recorded at each base station that belongs to aWiMAX Network developed by Alcatel. We compared our approach with previously forecasting models using ANNs and showed the performance of our neural network configuration.
Non-Viral Nanoparticle Delivers Small Interfering RNA to Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo

Macrophages are increasingly being viewed as therapeutic target for various cancers and many inflammatory diseases. Sequence specific gene reduction by siRNA represents an attractive approach to modulate macrophage function. However, delivery of the therapeutic siRNA into macrophages by non-viral nanoparticles has been a major technical challenge. In this study, we developed a glucan-based siRNA carrier system (BG34-10-Re-I) and demonstrated that the BG34-10-Re-I can effectively assemble siRNA into uniformly distributed nanoparticles of the novel core-shell structure. The BG34-10-Re-I/siRNA nanoparticles effectively reduced gene expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in primary macrophages at both protein and mRNA level. The nanoparticles also mediated a sustained reduction of MIF within primary macrophages. Moreover, systemic injection of the nanoparticles into the Balb/c mice bearing 4T1 mammary tumors resulted in the MIF reduction in tumor-associated macrophages. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the glucan-shell and the siRNA-core structure contribute to the effective delivery of MIF siRNA to macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. This study represents the first development of the primary macrophage MIF gene targeted non-viral nanoparticle system for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
Outlier detection score based on ordered distance difference

Outlier Detection is one of the most important topics in data mining and knowledge discovery in databases. It is to find a methodology to detect instances in a dataset that do not conform to the rest of the dataset. Local Outlier Factor is one of the earlier outlier detection score. In this paper, we propose a new approach for parameter-free outlier detection algorithm to compute Ordered Distance Difference Outlier Factor. We formulate a new outlier score for each instance by considering the difference of ordered distances. Then, we use this value to compute an outlier score. We use a score of each instance to provide a degree of outlier and compare it with LOF. Our algorithm can produce OOF in Θ (n2) without parameter.
Social Statistics: The Interplay among Censuses, Surveys and Administrative Data Private record linkage with Bloom filters

In many record linkage applications, identifiers have to be encrypted to preserve privacy. Therefore, a method for approximate string comparison in private record linkage is needed. We describe a new method of approximate string comparison in private record linkage. The main idea is to store q-grams sets derived from identifier values in Bloom filters and compare them bitwise across databases. This exploits the cryptographic features of Bloom filters while nevertheless allowing the calculation of string similarities. We show that the proposed method compares quite well to evaluating string comparison functions with plain text values of identifiers.
Wavelet based nonlocal-means super-resolution for video sequences

Video sequence resolution enhancement became a popular research area during the last two decades. Although traditional super-resolution techniques have been successful in dealing with image sequences, many constraints such as global translation between frames, have to be imposed to obtain good performance. In this paper, we present a new wavelet-based nonlocal-means (WNLM) framework to bypass the motion estimation stage. It can handle complex motion changes between frames. Compared with the nonlocal-means (NLM) super-resolution framework, the proposed method provides better result in terms of PSNR and faster processing.
An adaptive non local maximum likelihood estimation method for denoising magnetic resonance images

Effective denoising is vital for proper analysis and accurate quantitative measurements from Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Apart from following the general criteria for denoising, the algorithms that deal with MR images should also take into account the bias generated due to the Rician nature of the noise in the magnitude MR images. Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation methods were proved to be very effective in denoising MR images. However, one drawback of the existing non local ML estimation method is the usage of a fixed sample size for ML estimation. As a result, optimal results cannot be achieved because of over or under smoothing. In this work, we propose an adaptive non local ML estimation method for denoising MR images in which the samples are selected in an adaptive way for the ML estimation of the true underlying signal. The method has been tested both on simulated and real data, showing its effectiveness.
Compressive-domain interference cancellation via orthogonal projection: How small the restricted isometry constant of the effective sensing matrix can be?

Knowledge of the achievable restricted isometry constant (RIC) of the sensing matrix is crucial for assessing the signal reconstruction performance of compressive sensing systems. In this paper we consider compressive-domain interference cancellation via orthogonal projection, and study the achievable RIC of the effective sensing matrix, namely, the product of the orthogonal projection matrix and the original sensing matrix. While existing algebraic based methods resorted to the polarization identity to find an upper bound of the considered RIC, motivated by geometric interpretations of the orthogonal projection and the restricted isometry property we derive an improved RIC in a closed form. The proposed solution is shown to be tighter than the existing upper bound. Our analytical results, and the asserted performance advantages, are further evidenced via computer simulations.
On the Isomorphism Conjecture for 2-DFA Reductions

The degree structure of complete sets under 2DFA reductions is investigated. It is shown that, for any class ${\mathcal C}$ that is closed under log-lin reductions: • All complete sets for the class ${\mathcal C}$ under 2DFA reductions are also complete under one-one, length-increasing 2DFA reductions and are first-order isomorphic. • The 2DFA-isomorphism conjecture is false, i.e., the complete sets under 2DFA reductions are not isomorphic to each other via 2DFA reductions.
A Java API for X.509 Proxy Certificates

X.509 Proxy Certificates have been proposed for use in the Grid Security Infrastructure to allow dynamic delegation of rights and single sign-on for end users. We have evaluated proxy certificates to secure a service-oriented architecture for digital content based on Web Services. We describe how support for proxy certificates was implemented in Java through extensions to the Java Cryptography API and related security APIs. The principal challenges involved providing control over which proxy certificate to use per SSL connection, validating proxy certificate chains and supporting runtime generation of proxy certificates.
Asymptotic behaviour of M‐estimators in AR(p) models under nonstandard conditions

The authors derive the limiting distribution of M‐estimators in AR(p) models under nonstandard conditions, allowing for discontinuities in score and density functions. Unlike usual regularity assumptions, these conditions are satisfied in the context of L1‐estimation and autoregression quantiles. The asymptotic distributions of the resulting estimators, however, are not generally Gaussian. Moreover, their bootstrap approximations are consistent along very specific sequences of bootstrap sample sizes only.
Research on the Localization of Sensor Network Based on the Improved Two-Hop Centroid-Based Algorithm

Localization of sensor nodes is the foundation of all application of wireless sensor network. The article introduces the Centroid-based algorithm firstly. Based on this, it proposes an improved two-hop centroid-based algorithm which increases the precision and the degree of coverage. The new algorithm adds two-hop anchors' communication restrict to unknown node, which reduces the area of unknown node may in, therefore the allocation accuracy is improved. Furthermore, the algorithm can localize nodes which have no one-hop anchors but have two-hop anchors, thus improves the localization degree of coverage. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm is better than the old one in localization accuracy and coverage.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Weak-Acid-Inducible ABC Transporter Pdr12 Transports Fluorescein and Preservative Anions from the Cytosol by an Energy-Dependent Mechanism

ABSTRACT Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of the weak-acid preservative sorbic acid results in the induction of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter Pdr12 in the plasma membrane (P. Piper, Y. Mahe, S. Thompson, R. Pandjaitan, C. Holyoak, R. Egner, M. Muhlbauer, P. Coote, and K. Kuchler, EMBO J. 17:4257–4265, 1998). Pdr12 appears to mediate resistance to water-soluble, monocarboxylic acids with chain lengths of from C1 to C7. Exposure to acids with aliphatic chain lengths greater than C7 resulted in no observable sensitivity ofΔpdr12 mutant cells compared to the parent. Parent andΔpdr12 mutant cells were grown in the presence of sorbic acid and subsequently loaded with fluorescein. Upon addition of an energy source in the form of glucose, parent cells immediately effluxed fluorescein from the cytosol into the surrounding medium. In contrast, under the same conditions, cells of the Δpdr12 mutant were unable to efflux any of the dye. When both parent andΔpdr12 mutant cells were grown without sorbic acid and subsequently loaded with fluorescein, upon the addition of glucose no efflux of fluorescein was detected from either strain. Thus, we have shown that Pdr12 catalyzes the energy-dependent extrusion of fluorescein from the cytosol. Lineweaver-Burk analysis revealed that sorbic and benzoic acids competitively inhibited ATP-dependent fluorescein efflux. Thus, these data provide strong evidence that sorbate and benzoate anions compete with fluorescein for a putative monocarboxylate binding site on the Pdr12 transporter.
Building Strong Multilingual Aligned Corpora

Recent advances have allowed algorithms that learn from aligned natural language texts to exploit aligned sentences in more than two languages. We investigate ways of combining ( N 2 ) bilingual aligned corpora together to create a multilingual aligned corpus across N languages. As a result of the combination of several corpora, our algorithms output a multilingual corpus, with each aligned tuple assigned a quality score called ‘strength’ that may be used when learning from the multilingual corpus. We show that the addition of bilingual corpora used with alignment strengths can significantly improve Statistical Machine Translation quality on an Arabic→English task.
HinMA: Distributed Morphology based Hindi Morphological Analyzer

Morphology plays a crucial role in the working of various NLP applications. Whenever we run a spell checker, provide a query term to a web search engine, explore translation or transliteration tools, use online dictionaries or thesauri, or try using text-to-speech or speech recognition applications, morphology works at the back of these applications. We present here a novel computational tool HinMA, or the Hindi Morphological Analyzer, based on the framework of Distributed Morphology (DM). We discuss the implementation of linguistically motivated analysis and later, we evaluate the accuracy of this tool. We find, that this rule based system exhibits extremely high accuracy and has a good overall coverage. The design of the tool is language independent and by changing few configuration files, one can use this framework for developing such a tool for other languages as well. The analysis of Hindi inflectional morphology based on the Distributed morphology framework, its implementation in the development of this tool and integration with NLP resources like Hindi Wordnet or Sense Marker Tool and possible development of a word generator are interesting aspects of this work.
A Replicating Modified Vaccinia Tiantan Strain Expressing an Avian-Derived Influenza H5N1 Hemagglutinin Induce Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies and Cross-Clade Protective Immunity in Mice

To combat the possibility of a zoonotic H5N1 pandemic in a timely fashion, it is necessary to develop a vaccine that would confer protection against homologous and heterologous human H5N1 influenza viruses. Using a replicating modified vaccinia virus Tian Tan strain (MVTT) as a vaccine vector, we constructed MVTTHA-QH and MVTTHA-AH, which expresses the H5 gene of a goose-derived Qinghai strain A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/1/2005 or human-derived Anhui Strain A/Anhui/1/2005. The immunogenicity profiles of both vaccine candidates were evaluated. Vaccination with MVTTHA-QH induced a significant level of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) against a homologous strain and a wide range of H5N1 pseudoviruses (clades 1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3.2, and 2.3.4). Neutralization tests (NT) and Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies inhibit the live autologous virus as well as a homologous A/Xingjiang/1/2006 and a heterologous A/Vietnam/1194/2004, representing two human isolates from clade 2.2 and clade 1, respectively. Importantly, mice vaccinated with intranasal MVTTHA-QH were completely protected from challenge with lethal dosages of A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/1/2005 and the A/Viet Nam/1194/2004, respectively, but not control mice that received a mock MVTTS vaccine. However, MVTTHA-AH induced much lower levels of NT against its autologous strain. Our results suggest that it is feasible to use the H5 gene from A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/1/2005 to construct an effective vaccine, when using MVTT as a vector, to prevent infections against homologous and genetically divergent human H5N1 influenza viruses.