Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MIP: A method for identifying metaphorically used words in discourse

This article presents an explicit method that can be reliably employed to identify metaphorically used words in discourse. Our aim is to provide metaphor scholars with a tool that may be flexibly applied to many research contexts. We present the "metaphor identification procedure" (MIP), followed by an example of how the procedure can be applied to identifying metaphorically used words in 1 text. We then suggest a format for reporting the results of MIP, and present the data from our case study describing the empirical reliability of the procedure, discuss several complications associated with using the procedure in practice, and then briefly compare MIP to other proposals on metaphor identification. The final section of the paper suggests ways that MIP may be employed in disciplinary and interdisciplinary studies of metaphor.
Analysis of synchronous phenomena in a chaotic spiking oscillator with a periodic pulse-train input

We present a chaotic spiking oscillator (CSO) with a periodic pulse-train input. The system can exhibit various synchronous phenomena. Since the CSO is piecewise linear, the dynamics is analyzed using piecewise exact solutions. Using a return map of firing timing, we clarify the basic phenomena in this system.
Children and Social Exclusion: Morality, Prejudice, and Group Identity

Children and Social Exclusion: Morality, Prejudice, and Group Identity explores the origins of prejudice and the emergence of morality to explain why children include some and exclude others. • Formulates an original theory about childrens experiences with exclusion and how they understand the world of discrimination based on group membership • Brings together Social Domain Theory and Social IdentityTheory to explain how children view exclusion that often results in prejudice, and inclusion that reflects social justice and morality • Presents new research data consisting of in–depth interviews from childhood to late adolescence, observational findings with peer groups, and experimental paradigms that test how children understand group dynamics and social norms, and show either group bias or morality • Illustrates data with direct quotes from children along withdiagrams depicting their social understanding • Presents new insights about the origins of prejudice and groupbias, as well as morality and fairness, drawn from extensive original data
Global Slope Change Synopses for Measurement Maps

Quality control using scalar quality measures is standard practice in manufacturing. However, there are also quality measures that are determined at a large number of positions on a product, since the spatial distribution is important. We denote such a mapping of local coordinates on the product to values of a measure as a measurement map. In this paper, we examine how measurement maps can be clustered according to a novel notion of similarity—mapscape similarity—that considers the overall course of the measure on the map. We present a class of synopses called global slope change that uses the profile of the measure along several lines from a reference point to different points on the borders to represent a measurement map. We conduct an evaluation of global slope change using a real-world data set from manufacturing and demonstrate its superiority over other synopses.
A high-resolution side-channel attack on last-level cache

Recently demonstrated side-channel attacks on shared Last Level Caches (LLCs) work under a number of constraints on both the system and the victim behavior that limit their applicability. This paper demonstrates on a real system a new high-resolution LLC side channel attack that relaxes some of these assumptions. Specifically, we introduce and exploit new techniques to achieve high-resolution tracking of the victim accesses to enable attacks on ciphers where critical events have a small cache footprint. We compare the quality of the side-channel in our attack to that obtained using Flush+ RELOAD attacks, which are significantly more precise but work only when the sensitive data is shared between the attacker and the victim. We show that our attack frequently obtains an equal quality channel, which we also confirmed by reconstructing the victim cryptographic key.
The chromosome of Bacillus subtilis. II. A general solution for the age distribution function of bacterial chromosomes.

a bacterial chromosome is replicating with one replication point per w z m o s o m e and the rate of replication at the point is constant, the age of a bacterial chromosome can be expressed by the position of replication point (x) (Figure 1). The total length of the chromosome is represented as 1, thus assigning position 0 to the replication origin, and 1 to the terminus. Then the age distribution function of the chromosome of an exponentially and nonsynchronously growing cell population is given as f ( z ) = (ln2) 2l” (1) The equation (SUEOKA and YOSHIKAWA 1965) is equivalent to the age distribution function for binary dividing cells (POWELL 1956) and the function is normalized so that the total number of chromosomes (size of chromosome population) is taken as one.
Inhibitory Effect of Gamma Interferon on BK Virus Gene Expression and Replication

ABSTRACT BK virus (BKV) is widely accepted to be the causative agent of polyomavirus nephropathy. In immunocompromised individuals, especially kidney transplant recipients, BKV can replicate in kidney epithelial cells, causing loss of renal function and eventual destruction of the graft. Advances in immunosuppressive therapies may be partially responsible for the increasing incidence of polyomavirus nephropathy among transplant recipients by more effectively eliminating components of the immune system, such as gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing lymphocytes, that keep BKV infections at a subclinical level. In this study, we investigated the role of IFN-γ in regulating lytic infection by BKV. Treatment with IFN-γ inhibited the expression of the viral early protein large tumor antigen (TAg) and the late protein VP1 in a dose-dependent manner. We detected 1.6- and 12-fold reductions in TAg transcripts at 48 and 96 h postinfection, respectively, with 250 U/ml IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ-mediated inhibition occurs at the level of transcription. Furthermore, IFN-γ inhibited the level of viral progeny production as much as 50-fold at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5 and 80-fold at an MOI of 0.1. The inhibitory effects of IFN-γ were similar for three different strains of BKV examined. These results indicate an important role for IFN-γ in regulating BKV lytic infection.
RECURSOS PERSONALES, SÍNDROME DE ESTAR QUEMADO POR EL TRABAJO Y SINTOMATOLOGÍA ASOCIADA AL ESTRÉS EN DOCENTES DE ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA Y SECUNDARIA

Within the framework of a positive organizational psychology approach, our objective was to analyse the predictive validity of several personal dimensions (self-esteem, professional self-efficacy, dispositional optimism and perceived emotional abilities) on burnout syndrome and symptoms associated with stress in primary and secondary school teachers. The sample consisted of 245 teachers who filled out a battery of questionnaires on optimism, self-esteem, professional self-efficacy, emotional abilities, burnout and stress symptoms. In general, personal resources explained for a significant percentage of variance of burnout symptoms and, in particular, symptoms associated with stress. In regard to incremental validity, the importance of perceived emotional intelligence, attention to feelings and mood clarity are highlighted as factors capable of explaining the variance in burnout syndrome after controlling for teachers’ levels of self-esteem, selfefficacy and optimism. The importance of investigating the affective mechanisms involved in the onset and maintenance of burnout syndrome are discussed.
Partisan Publics: Communication and Contention across Brazilian Youth Activist Networks

List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Abbreviations xiii Acknowledgments xix Prologue: Exploring Brazilian Youth Activism 1 Part One: Institutional Intersections 15 Chapter 1: Communication and Mediation in Contentious Publics 17 Chapter 2: Leadership in the Intersections 35 Chapter 3: Activist Cohorts and Trajectories, 1977 to 1996 56 Chapter 4: Partisan Bridging in Early Student and Catholic Activism 97 Chapter 5: Civic Mediation in the 1992 Impeachment Movement 134 Part Two: Contentious Communication 181 Chapter 6: Modes of Communication in Institutionalized Publics 183 Chapter 7: Defensive Publics in University Settings 213 Chapter 8: Challenger Publics and Stylistic Innovation 239 Chapter 9: Partisan Dramaturgy and the Breakdown of Publics 287 Chapter 10: Conclusion: Parties and Publics 338 Methodological Appendix 361 Notes 367 References 391 Index 415
Request Outsourcing and Insourcing with Supply Function Bidding in Cloud Federation

The emerging cloud federation paradigm advocates cooperation among different cloud providers (CPs), where the CPs with resource limitation during spikes in demand can outsource the requests to other CPs with idle resources in federation. Meanwhile, underutilized providers can lease part of their unused capacity to other federation members, in order to avoid wasting idle resources. In this paper, we investigate the request outsourcing and insourcing problem in a broker-based cloud federation market, where one subset of CPs need to outsource their requests and the other subset of CPs are available to run the outsourced requests (i.e., insourcing). Under the assumption that each CP has limited information of the market, we propose a market mechanism based on supply function bidding, where each CP submits a single bid to choose a supply function from a group of parameterized ones. We show that the mechanism ensures the efficient operation of the market by maximizing the social welfare of the federation. Numerical results validate our proposed scheme.
TRAIT PERSPECTIVE DAN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE WIRAUSAHA SEKTOR FORMAL DAN INFORMAL DI JAWA TIMUR

Penelitian ini dilakukan penulis untuk memahami fenomena wirausaha sektor formal dan sektor informal di Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik individual berdasarkan trait perspective dan economic perpective wirausaha sektor formal dan informal di Jawa Timur. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner pada wirausaha sektor formal dan sektor informal di Jawa Timur yang kemudian dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas data dilanjutkandengan statistik deskriptif dan diuji menggunakan uji T variabel bebas melalui program SPSS for Windows Version 16. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data yang didapatkan, Trait Perspective dan Economic Perspective wirausaha sektor formal dan sektor informal di Jawa Timur memiliki nilai yang termasuk kategori tinggi, tetapi terdapat perbedaan nilai terbesar pada variabel innovativeness . Dari hasil uji T, tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik individu wirausaha sektor formal dan sektor informal berdasarkan Trait Perspective dan Economic Perspective.
Morphological and Molecular Characterizations of Psychrophilic Fungus Geomyces destructans from New York Bats with White Nose Syndrome (WNS)

Background Massive die-offs of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) have been occurring since 2006 in hibernation sites around Albany, New York, and this problem has spread to other States in the Northeastern United States. White cottony fungal growth is seen on the snouts of affected animals, a prominent sign of White Nose Syndrome (WNS). A previous report described the involvement of the fungus Geomyces destructans in WNS, but an identical fungus was recently isolated in France from a bat that was evidently healthy. The fungus has been recovered sparsely despite plentiful availability of afflicted animals. Methodology/Principal Findings We have investigated 100 bat and environmental samples from eight affected sites in 2008. Our findings provide strong evidence for an etiologic role of G. destructans in bat WNS. (i) Direct smears from bat snouts, Periodic Acid Schiff-stained tissue sections from infected tissues, and scanning electron micrographs of bat tissues all showed fungal structures similar to those of G. destructans. (ii) G. destructans DNA was directly amplified from infected bat tissues, (iii) Isolations of G. destructans in cultures from infected bat tissues showed 100% DNA match with the fungus present in positive tissue samples. (iv) RAPD patterns for all G. destructans cultures isolated from two sites were indistinguishable. (v) The fungal isolates showed psychrophilic growth. (vi) We identified in vitro proteolytic activities suggestive of known fungal pathogenic traits in G. destructans. Conclusions/Significance Further studies are needed to understand whether G. destructans WNS is a symptom or a trigger for bat mass mortality. The availability of well-characterized G. destructans strains should promote an understanding of bat–fungus relationships, and should aid in the screening of biological and chemical control agents.
The antigen‐presenting environment in normal and human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related premalignant cervical epithelium

The activation of HPV‐specific T cells within the cervical microenvironment is likely to play an important part in the natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The extent and the type of T cell activation will depend critically on the expression of MHC, costimulatory cell surface molecules and cytokines by keratinocytes and Langerhans cells within the cervical lesion. Expression of MHC class II (HLA‐DR and ‐DQ), costimulatory/adhesion molecules (CD11a/18, CD50, CD54, CD58 and CD86) and cytokines (tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and IL‐10) was therefore investigated by immunohistochemistry in normal squamous epithelium (n = 12), low‐grade (n = 23) and high‐grade (n = 18) squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. CIN progression was associated with de novo expression of HLA‐DR and CD54, and increased expression of CD58 by keratinocytes. However, significantly, there was no expression of any adhesion/costimulation molecule by epithelial Langerhans cells in any cervical biopsy studied. Furthermore, TNF‐α, a potent activator of Langerhans cells, was expressed constitutively by basal keratinocytes in normal cervix (12+/12), but expression of this cytokine was absent in a number of CIN samples (20+/23 for low‐grade, 12+/18 for high‐grade CIN). Conversely, the suppressive cytokine IL‐10 was absent in normal epithelium (0+/12), but was up‐regulated in a number of CIN lesions (12+/23 for low‐grade, 8+/18 for high‐grade CIN). The restricted expression of costimulation/adhesion molecules and the nature of the cytokine microenvironment within the epithelium may act to limit effective immune responses in some CIN lesions.
Review article: On the crisis of the liberal peace

The liberal peace is in crisis. John Gray has already pronounced the death of liberal interventionism. Tony Blair has effectively been forced out of office because of his association with the fiasco of intervention in Iraq. Debate on how to deal with the problem of Darfur is not only constrained by the Chinese veto in the Security Council but by the way Iraq and Afghanistan have created a crisis of both confidence and credibility for
Exercise-Related Quality of Life in Subjects with Asthma: A Systematic Review

Objective. The purpose of this review was to analyze, based on a review of the current literature, the effects of physical activity on the quality of life (QoL) of subjects with asthma. Methods. The authors conducted a search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between January 2000 and August 2010 in a group of major databases of health sciences (Academic Search Complete, Directory of Open Access Journals, Elsevier—Science Direct, Highwire Press, PubMed, Scielo Global, Scirus, Scopus, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley Interscience) with the keywords asthma, QoL, physical activity, exercise, training, and program in all possible combinations. Citations and references of each study selected were also examined. Results. Of the 1075 studies identified, only 11 were included. Five of these studies were performed in children between the ages of 7 and 15 and the remaining studies were performed on adults. Intervention programs were divided into aerobic training programs and breathing exercises programs. All aerobic training programs showed improvements in QoL, demonstrating a positive influence of aerobic training on asthma. Conclusions. There is a noticeable trend in the benefit of aerobic training programs in the QoL for individuals with asthma. The breathing exercises programs were few and heterogeneous, making it difficult to reach a positive conclusion on whether it could be recommended for the improvement of QoL in this pathology. There is a great need for more RCTs with methodological rigor.
Heads Up: Using Cognitive Mapping to Develop a Baseline Description for Urban Visualization

Kevin Lynch’s work on urban legibility has taken on new importance as the delivery of information about cities has shifted largely to mobile computing devices. This study extends his work with the aim of quantifying the number and type of elements that constitute a competent cognitive map of a city. We conducted a user study of 109 student sketch maps of Chicago that test the frequency and nature of the elements identified by Lynch (path, edge, district, node and landmark), their interrelationship and the effect of gender, prior experience and scale. We find that (1) participants identify two distinct urban scales, one at the neighborhood level and the other citywide, (2) competent cognitive maps involve relatively small numbers of elements: 15 (+/-7), (3) the selection of elements for the sketch map may include any of the elements identified by Lynch, but the frequency of landmarks and districts is negatively correlated, (4) participants recall significantly more districts and nodes at the citywide level, and (5) in addition to Lynch’s identification of physical landmarks, participants also identify landmarks by function; such functional landmarks are more frequent at the neighborhood level. Keywords-legibility; cognitive mapping; urban visualization.
Influence of repetitive open sea dives and physical exercises on right-to-left shunting in healthy divers

Objective: Paradoxical gas embolism through right-to-left (R/L) shunts is considered as a potential cause of certain types of decompression sickness. Aim: To assess whether 4 months of repetitive diving and strenuous exercises would lead to an increased prevalence of R/L shunting in a group of military divers. Methods: Using a standardised contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler technique, 17 divers were re-examined for the presence of a R/L shunt 4 months after their initial examinations. R/L shunts were classified as type I if observed only after a straining manoeuvre, and type II if present at rest. Results: Initial prevalence of R/L shunt was 41%: six type I shunts and one type II. At the second examination, prevalence was 47%, with the appearance of one type I shunt that was not previously present. We found no significant increase in the prevalence and size of R/L shunts. Conclusion: It is speculated that diving-related phenomena, such as variations in right atrial pressures during the end stages of or events immediately after a dive could generate an R/L shunt. However, extreme conditions of repetitive diving and strenuous exercises do not cause permanent modification in R/L permeability over a period of 4 months.
Whole body teleoperation of a humanoid robot - a method of integrating operator's intention and robot's autonomy

This paper proposes a new method for the teleoperation of humanoid robots which integrates human operator's intention with robot's autonomy. Getting hints from human conscious and subconscious motion generations, we propose a method which generates whole body motions of a humanoid robot satisfying operator's desired movement of specific points on which the operator focuses as well as the robot's balance. The proposed method is based on a whole body momentum control. We also introduce a function of automatic adjustments of the position of the center of mass and torso orientation in order to expand the reachable area of a humanoid robot. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by using humanoid robot simulator OpenHRP with physical parameters of real humanoid robot HRP-1S.
The effects of attention on the temporal integration of multisensory stimuli

In unisensory contexts, spatially-focused attention tends to enhance perceptual processing. How attention influences the processing of multisensory stimuli, however, has been of much debate. In some cases, attention has been shown to be important for processes related to the integration of audio-visual stimuli, but in other cases such processes have been reported to occur independently of attention. To address these conflicting results, we performed three experiments to examine how attention interacts with a key facet of multisensory processing: the temporal window of integration (TWI). The first two experiments used a novel cued-spatial-attention version of the bounce/stream illusion, wherein two moving visual stimuli with intersecting paths tend to be perceived as bouncing off rather than streaming through each other when a brief sound occurs near in time. When the task was to report whether the visual stimuli appeared to bounce or stream, attention served to narrow this measure of the TWI and bias perception toward “streaming”. When the participants’ task was to explicitly judge the simultaneity of the sound with the intersection of the moving visual stimuli, however, the results were quite different. Specifically, attention served to mainly widen the TWI, increasing the likelihood of simultaneity perception, while also substantially increasing the simultaneity judgment accuracy when the stimuli were actually physically simultaneous. Finally, in Experiment 3, where the task was to judge the simultaneity of a simple, temporally discrete, flashed visual stimulus and the same brief tone pip, attention had no effect on the measured TWI. These results highlight the flexibility of attention in enhancing multisensory perception and show that the effects of attention on multisensory processing are highly dependent on the task demands and observer goals.
Towards Classifying Visualization in Team Sports

Visualization and team sports have an important and established relationship that is seldom understood. Team sports can be considered as complex activities containing a considerable number of abstract datasets and participant categories, such as athletes, coaches, referees and spectators. This paper proposes that the field of visualization has been applied within team sports in various ways to provide these participants with representations of these datasets. This has resulted in data-augmented games which are easier to play, judge and watch respectively. This paper provides a review of past and current applications of visualization within team sports. A model is presented to classify sports visualizations along conceptual axes. This model allows future or potentially untapped applications of team sports visualization to be identified and classified