Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shear wave modeling and Poisson's ratio in the Variscan Belt of SW Iberia

In 2003 two wide‐angle reflection/refraction seismic transects were acquired in the Variscan Belt of SW Iberia. The approximately 250 and 300 km long, dense trace spacing transects revealed clear S wave arrivals in the shot gathers recorded by vertical component sensors in both transects. First S wave arrivals (Sg) and Moho reflections (SmS) are the most prominent phases that can be correlated from shot to shot. Sg is observed up to relatively large offsets and constrains the upper and middle crust S wave velocities. The SmS is seen from offset 0 (18 s twtt) to 150 km offset, where it intercepts first S wave arrivals (Sg). The upper mantle refracted phase (Sn) is difficult to recognize, although PmS/SmP converted phases can be identified. Using a 2‐D ray tracing approach, two S wave velocity models for the crust of SW Iberia were obtained. These S wave velocity models complement the previous P wave velocity models and provide us with relatively well resolved Poisson's ratio crustal sections for SW Iberia. The resulting Poisson's ratio models present differences between tectonic zones at upper and middle crustal depths, thus supporting the existence of different tectonic zones prior to the Variscan collision. The most noteworthy feature is the high Poisson's ratio value (over 0.28) coincident with high P wave velocity areas (over 6.8 km/s) at midcrustal depths. In order to constrain the possible crustal composition, P wave velocities and Poisson's ratios have been compared with published laboratory measurements on different crustal rock types. This comparison indicates that the high P wave velocity and Poisson's ratios are compatible with a mixture of mafic to ultramafic rock types alternating with felsic ones. This result is consistent with the existence of mafic layered bodies in the middle crust, in the same way that has been suggested by previous works in this area.
No association between OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and breast cancer risk.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among western women.Except for inherited mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM , and p53 genes,little is known about the genetic risk factors for breast cancer. Recently, polymorphisms in genes involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks were associated with
Deep subduction and rapid exhumation: Role of crustal strength and strain weakening in continental subduction and ultrahigh‐pressure rock exhumation

The exhumation of crustal ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) material depends on temporal and spatial variations in its detachment within the subduction channel. This dependence is investigated using numerical models with variable initial crustal strengths, representing a range of initial crustal compositions, and parameterized strain weakening, representing a range of processes that reduce effective crustal viscosity during deformation. Competition between down‐channel shear traction, favoring subduction, and up‐channel buoyancy, favoring exhumation, is expressed as the exhumation number, E, which can vary with time and position along the channel. Exhumed lower strength crust, which resists subduction owing to weak down‐channel traction, records peak conditions <35 kbar and exhumation rates <30 km Ma−1. Higher strength crust is efficiently subducted to UHP depths (E < 1), recording peak pressures >38 kbar. Given sufficient strain weakening, exhumation proceeds at >60 km Ma−1, indicating that buoyancy (E ≫ 1) drives exhumation in these models. In all models, exhuming UHP material forms a deforming ductile plume, with a range of possible structural relationships predicted between exhumed UHP and HP materials.
The NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget Dataset

Radiative fluxes at the Earth’s surface are major components of the surface energy budget, and are as important for the studies of weather and climate phenomena as radiative fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA). These fluxes play an important role in atmospheric and oceanic general circulation (Suttles and Ohring 1986). Developing long time series of surface radiation budget (SRB) parameters is essential to accomplishing the objectives of a number of World Climate Research Program (WCRP) projects, such as the Global Energy and Water-cycle Experiment (GEWEX). Under the sponsorship of the WCRP/GEWEX Radiation Panel, a 12-year-plus (July 1983 to October 1995) global dataset of shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) SRB parameters on a 1°x1° grid has been developed as a part of the NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget Project (Stackhouse et al. 2002) at the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). Together with radiation budget measurements at the TOA and inferred flux divergences at several levels within the atmosphere produced under NASA’s Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES; Wielicki et al. 1996) project, SRB datasets help provide a complete picture of radiative processes in the atmosphere. In addition, SRB datasets are finding increasing use in renewable energy, architecture, and agriculture industries.
Evolution of unrest at Laguna del Maule volcanic field (Chile) from InSAR and GPS measurements, 2003 to 2014

The Laguna del Maule (LdM) volcanic field in the southern volcanic zone of the Chilean Andes exhibits a large volume of rhyolitic material erupted during postglacial times (20–2 ka). Since 2007, LdM has experienced an unrest episode characterized by high rates of deformation. Analysis of new GPS and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data reveals uplift rates greater than 190 mm/yr between January 2013 and November 2014. The geodetic data are modeled as an inflating sill at depth. The results are used to calculate the temporal evolution of the vertical displacement. The best time function for modeling the InSAR data set is a double exponential model with rates increasing from 2007 through 2010 and decreasing slowly since 2010. We hypothesize that magma intruding into an existing silicic magma reservoir is driving the surface deformation. Modeling historical uplift at Yellowstone, Long Valley, and Three Sisters volcanic fields suggests a common temporal evolution of vertical displacement rates.
The Beetle Assemblage of Langkawi Island

A study of the beetle assemblage was conducted at the forest reserves at Lubok Semilang, Telaga Tujoh, Datai, Durian Perangin, Kisap, Tetrogona forest plantation at Sawak Hill and the base camp at Burau Bay, Langkawi Island. 835 beetles from 201 species and 23 families were sampled using net sweeping, leaf litter collection, pitfall traps, Malaise trap and light trapping. The Simpson index of diversity was 39.44 and Margalef index of abundance was 29.73. Staphylinidae was the most diverse beetle family with Scarabaeidae being the most abundant. Light trapping was most efficient collecting 48% (n=415) of the total number of beetles collected. The maximum number of species of beetles collected was from Lubok Semilang (84 species). Light trapping at Telaga Tujoh collected high diversity of beetles (Simpson index=22.05). Thus far 67 species of beetles have been identified to species level. New records for Langkawi are Acceralus laevicollis, 4 species of Acerida spp. , Apogonia spp. , Copris doriae, Aserid spp. , Onthophagus rugicolis, Onthophagus spp. , Schonherri angus, Exopholis hypoleaca, Cylindera minuta, Bulenides spp. , Borneola hijau, Borneola spp. , Calomictus spp. , Luperus spp. , Ectamenogus spp. , Anchastus spp. , Lacon spp. , Oxyropterus audoniwi, Colpodes spp. , Carabus spp. 4 species of Cassinoidea, Dromius spp. , Lebia spp. , Stenolophus spp. , Chlaenius spp. , Heterotarsus spp. , 2 species of Ceropria spp. 2 species of Plesiophthalmus, Episcapha maculate, Platypus cupulatus, Sternolophus, Acceraius laevicollis, Xyleborus foerstei, Bulenidea, Xyloberus and Stenochetus. With the moderate abundance and diversity of beetles on Langkawi Island, it is suggested that future land development in Langkawi be kept away from the forest reserves of Mt. Macincang and Mt. Gunungraya.
Stable carbon isotope records of carbonates tracing fossil seep activity off Indonesia

Stable isotope records of carbonates from up to 20 m long sediment cores from the forearc basin of the Sunda arc display significant 13C depletion, deviating from expected normal marine levels by 5 to 40‰ (Peedee belemnite (PDB)). This depletion is interpreted to be caused by methane seepage and associated authigenic carbonate precipitation in sediments near the seafloor. About 2‐μm‐sized globular carbonate particles found in isotopically depleted samples support this interpretation. Their shape suggests microbial mediation of the precipitation process. Investigation of benthic foraminiferal assemblages in cores which record seep influence indicate times of high abundance with an up to twentyfold increase of the population and a dominance of opportunistic infaunal taxa. We relate these “events” to the seepage of methane, thus providing an understanding of the duration and age of this postdepositional process: postulated seep activity is most intense between 3–7 kyr B.P. and 27–33 kyr B.P. As cores with 13C isotope depletion were taken atop active fault zones in the forearc, we suggest a tectonic control of the seepage. Records of seep activity thus may have the potential to archive imprints of tectonic activity.
High-throughput screening alternative to crystal violet biofilm assay combining fluorescence quantification and imaging

The crystal violet assay is widely used for biofilm quantitation despite its toxicity and variability. Here, we instead combine fluorescence labelling with the Cytation 5 multi-mode plate reader, to enable simultaneous acquisition of both quantitative and imaging biofilm data. This high-throughput method produces more robust data and provides information about morphology and spatial species organization within the biofilm.
Overview of the INEX 2014 Interactive Social Book Search Track

Users looking for books online are confronted with both pro- fessional meta-data and user-generated content. The goal of the Interac- tive Social Book Search Track was to investigate how users used these two sources of information, when looking for books in a leisure context. To this end participants recruited by four teams performed two dierent tasks using one of two book-search interfaces. Additionally one of the two interfaces also investigated whether user performance can be improved by providing a user-interface that supports multiple search stages.
Adelgazamiento de sedimentos Cretácicos-Oligocenos bajo la Serranía del Interior, Noreste de Venezuela: Evidencia a partir de observaciones de sísmica profunda.

La deformacion del Caribe venezolano es resultado de esfuerzos transpresivos que evolucionaron diacronicamente de oeste a este, en el Terciario y Cuaternario, gracias a la colision de la placa del Caribe y Suramerica. Estos esfuerzos permitieron la subduccion de la litosfera Suramericana debajo de la placa del Caribe, generando en el Este de Venezuela el cinturon de deformacion de la Serrania del Interior, y la cuenca antepais asociada de Maturin. Actualmente en el este de Venezuela, el limite de placas presenta una particion de esfuerzos, cuyo periodo de evolucion se encuentra aun activo en esta region y en Trinidad.
Discrimination between Alzheimer disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging by using automated segmentation of the hippocampus.

PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of automated hippocampal volumetry to help distinguish between patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and elderly controls, by using established criteria for patients with AD and MCI as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS The regional ethics committee approved the study and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study included 25 patients with AD (11 men, 14 women; mean age +/- standard deviation [SD], 73 years +/- 6; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, 24.4 +/- 2.7), 24 patients with amnestic MCI (10 men, 14 women; mean age +/- SD, 74 years +/- 8; MMSE score, 27.2 +/- 1.4) and 25 elderly healthy controls (13 men, 12 women; mean age +/- SD, 64 years +/- 8). For each participant, the hippocampi were automatically segmented on three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images with high spatial resolution. Segmentation was performed by using recently developed software that allows fast segmentation with minimal user input. Group differences in hippocampal volume were assessed by using Student t tests. To obtain robust estimates of P values, the correct classification rate, sensitivity, and specificity, bootstrap methods were used. RESULTS Significant hippocampal volume reductions were detected in all groups of patients (-32% in AD patients vs controls, P < .001; -19% in MCI patients vs controls, P < .001; and -15% in AD patients vs MCI patients, P < .01). Individual classification on the basis of hippocampal volume resulted in 84% correct classification (sensitivity, 84%; specificity, 84%) between AD patients and controls and 73% correct classification (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 70%) between MCI patients and controls. CONCLUSION This automated method can serve as an alternative to manual tracing and may thus prove useful in assisting with the diagnosis of AD.
Occupational & Environmental Lung Disease/Population Health Oral Presentations

Introduction: Studies suggest that 10% of children with an ARI have persistent cough at day 21. There are no studies in Indigenous children who have a high risk of chronic lung disease. We aimed to identify the incidence and outcomes of ARI with cough as a symptom in urban Indigenous children. Methods:This is a prospective study of Indigenous children aged<5 years registered with a primary health service. Children are followed for a period of 12 months via monthly contacts. Children who develop cough as a symptom at any time are followed weekly for 4 weeks to ascertain cough outcomes. Results: To date, 162 children are enrolled, totalling 1065 child-months of observation. Two-hundred ARI episodes with cough have been reported (29.6 episodes/100 child-months at risk). Thirty-four ARIs (17%) have progressed to persistent cough at day 28 in 24 children. Of these, 15 children had 1 episode, 5 had 2, 4 had 3 and 1 had 4 during the follow-up period. The majority of children with persistent cough were diagnosed (by a respiratory physician) with protracted bacterial bronchitis and/or bronchiectasis. Conclusions:The proportion of children developing persistent cough postARI is higher than that currently reported (10%) with the majority suggesting protracted bacterial infection. GrantSupport:AQUTAPAaward, aQCMRIProgramGrant, UQFoundation Research Excellence Award, a QUT Indigenous Health Research StartUpGrant and the NHMRCCRE for LungHealth in Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islander Children. Declaration of Interest: None to Declare
Analysis of ice crystal habits derived from MISR and MODIS observations over the ARM Southern Great Plains site

[1] We have developed a look-up table approach for retrieving cloud phase (water or ice) and best-fit ice crystal scattering model from coincident Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. We present statistics of cloud phase and radiatively effective ice crystal habit for 5 years of Terra overpasses of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. This analysis focuses on clouds which have optical depth >2 and are single-layer (or have an optically thick upper layer). For this subset of clouds, 48% were best fit by a liquid droplet scattering model. The rough aggregate scattering model was the most commonly retrieved ice crystal habit (27% of all retrieved clouds; 51% of retrieved ice clouds). The results indicate that the distinction between water and ice clouds is more robust than the distinction between individual ice crystal habits. For ice clouds, the strongest distinctions were found between aggregate-like and plate-like habits. Comparison with MODIS operational cloud property retrievals (MOD06) illustrates the strong dependence of retrieved optical depth and effective radius on habit assumptions.
The Genesis of PGE Mineralization in the River Valley Intrusion, Ontario, Canada

The 2.48 Ga, mafic, River Valley Intrusion hosts contact-style Cu-platinum group element (PGE) mineralization. Magmatic sulphides comprise pyrrhotite + chalcopyrite + pentlandite whereas hydrothermal sulphides comprise chalcopyrite + pyrite + marcasite. The latter are more widespread, forming a halo up to 150 m from the mineralized zone, and are intimately associated with replacement assemblages comprising 1) amphibole + chlorite + epidote + biotite + quartz + carbonate + sodic plagioclase, and 2) K-feldspar + chlorite + quartz + amphibole + muscovite + sodic plagioclase. Platinum group minerals (PGM) in magmatic sulphides are mostly moncheite and kotulskite. Most PGM, however, occur with hydrothermal silicates and sulphides and are dominated by kotulskite, isomertieite, sperrylite, and un-named Pd- and Pt-alloys. Fluid-rock interaction has caused widespread redistribution of base metals, sulphur and PGE. A lithogeochemical hydrothermal dispersion halo, best defined by Cu, extends well into the hanging wall of the mineralized zone.
Retrieval of land surface temperature and emissivity from ASTER1B data using a dynamic learning neural network

The accuracy of a radiance transfer model neural network (RM-NN) for separating land surface temperature (LST) and emissivity from AST09 (the Advanced Spaceborne and Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Standard Data Product, surface leaving radiance) is very high, but it is limited by the accuracy of the atmospheric correction. This article uses a neural network and radiance transfer model (MODTRAN4) to directly retrieve the LST and emissivity from ASTER1B data, which overcomes the difficulty of atmospheric correction in previous methods. The retrieval average accuracy of LST is about 1.1 K, and the average accuracy of emissivity in bands 11–14 is under 0.016 for simulated data when the input nodes are a combination of brightness temperature in bands 11–14. The average accuracy of LST is under 0.8 K when the input nodes are a combination of water vapour content and brightness temperature in bands 11–14. Finally, the comparison of retrieval results with ground measurement data indicates that the RM-NN can be used to accurately retrieve LST and emissivity from ASTER1B data.
Actual evapotranspiration estimation by ground and remote sensing methods: the Australian experience

On average, Australia is a dry continent with many competing uses for water. Hence, there is an urgent need to know actual evapotranspiration (ETa) patterns across wide areas of agricultural and natural ecosystems, as opposed to just point measurements of ETa. The Australian Government has tasked the science agencies with operationally developing monthly and annual estimates of ETa and other hydrological variables, and with forecasting water availability over periods of days to decades, as part of its national water assessment programme. To meet these needs, Australian researchers have become leaders in developing large‐area methods for estimating ETa at regional and continental scales. Ground methods include meteorological models, eddy covariance towers, sap flow sensors and catchment water balance models. Remote sensing methods use thermal infrared, mid infrared and/or vegetation indices usually combined with meteorological data to estimate ETa. Ground and remote sensing ETa estimates are assimilated into the Australian Water Resource Assessment, which issues annual estimates of the state of the continental water balance for policy and planning purposes. The best ETa models are estimated to have an error or uncertainty of 10% to 20% in Australia. Developments in Australian ETa research over the past 20 years are reviewed, and sources of error and uncertainty in current methods and models are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate radiative feedbacks and adjustments at the Earth's surface

Climate radiative feedbacks are traditionally defined at top of atmosphere (TOA); however, strong radiative feedbacks also occur at the surface, with profound effect on the surface heat budget and hydrological cycle. “Rapid responses” to radiative forcing also occur and may also be expected to affect the surface. This study evaluates surface radiation changes, using a combined Partial Radiative Perturbation‐Gregory approach, under abrupt increases in CO2 in a climate model. We find significant surface rapid radiative response from changes in clouds, relative humidity, and latent heat flux. As surface temperature increases, strong water vapor feedback exceeds net cooling from atmospheric and surface temperature changes, resulting in increased surface evaporation. Feedbacks from clouds are smaller, with complex horizontal and vertical structures. Surface longwave feedback structures differ widely from those of the TOA and are dominated by lower troposphere changes. Lapse rate, cloud, and albedo feedbacks are small equatorward of around 50° of latitude but stronger at high latitudes. The approach here allows precise evaluation of the rich structure of surface radiative feedbacks.
Range Shape and Range Elongation of North American Trees

Understanding the characteristics of geographic ranges is a basic premise of all biogeographical research. One such measure of geographic ranges is range shape. The shapes of ranges reveal processes that affect the habitable limits of their respective species. I investigated the relative range elongation, with respect to maximum north-south distance and maximum east-west distance, of 269 North American tree species. These data provide evidence that species with smaller ranges tend to be elongated north-south and species with larger ranges tend to be elongated east-west. These results are similar to previously published data on land mammals and land birds of North America, but differ from data published on North American ectotherms. This pattern is likely a result of species with small ranges being limited by local north-south-trending topography and species with large ranges being limited by major east-west-oriented climatic zones, and is not merely an artifact of Rapoport's Rule. Previously, range elongation has been limited to graphical representation with no ability to compare range geometry with other biogeographical characteristics. Now, an explicit measure of range shape exists to compare to other characteristics.
The Holocene shore displacement of Gästrikland, eastern Sweden: a contribution to the knowledge of Scandinavian glacio‐isostatic uplift

The shore displacement in Gästrikland, east‐central Sweden, has been investigated by means of AMS radiocarbon dating of sediment cores from isolated basins. Twenty dates from 11 sites are presented. Pollen and diatom analyses, and archive material from the Geological Survey of Sweden, have been used to identify isolation intervals in the cores and as chronological support to the 14C dates. An important pollen stratigraphical time‐marker is a distinct mid‐Holocene increase in Tilia. For the mid‐Holocene, pollen stratigraphy is used rather than the 14C dates for the age determination. The deglaciation of Gästrikland, according to the new 14C dates, took place ca. 11 000 cal. yr BP (ca. 9500 14C yr BP). Through the Holocene the shore displacement is regressive. The regression was initially rapid (on average ca. 3.5 m per 100 yr 11 000–7500 cal. yr BP, probably much more rapid at the earliest stage), then slowed down considerably and was from ca. 5000 cal. yr BP (probably already from 7000 cal. yr BP) relatively constant, ca. 0.8–0.9 m per 100 yr. There are important differences between the shore level curve from Gästrikland and curves from other areas, indicating some irregularities in the regional glacio‐isostatic rebound. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.