Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic fMRI‐guided MEG multidipole localization for visual responses

Previously, we introduced the use of individual cortical location and orientation constraints in the spatiotemporal Bayesian dipole analysis setting proposed by Jun et al. ([2005]; Neuroimage 28:84–98). However, the model's performance was limited by slow convergence and multimodality of the numerically estimated posterior distribution. In this paper, we present an intuitive way to exploit functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in the Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling ‐based inverse estimation of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data. We used simulated MEG and fMRI data to show that the convergence and localization accuracy of the method is significantly improved with the help of fMRI‐guided proposal distributions. We further demonstrate, using an identical visual stimulation paradigm in both fMRI and MEG, the usefulness of this type of automated approach when investigating activation patterns with several spatially close and temporally overlapping sources. Theoretically, the MEG inverse estimates are not biased and should yield the same results even without fMRI information, however, in practice the multimodality of the posterior distribution causes problems due to the limited mixing properties of the sampler. On this account, the algorithm acts perhaps more as a stochastic optimizer than enables a full Bayesian posterior analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Autotetraploid Linkage Map of Rose (Rosa hybrida) Validated Using the Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Genome Sequence

Polyploidy is a pivotal process in plant evolution as it increase gene redundancy and morphological intricacy but due to the complexity of polysomic inheritance we have only few genetic maps of autopolyploid organisms. A robust mapping framework is particularly important in polyploid crop species, rose included (2n = 4x = 28), where the objective is to study multiallelic interactions that control traits of value for plant breeding. From a cross between the garden, peach red and fragrant cultivar Fragrant Cloud (FC) and a cut-rose yellow cultivar Golden Gate (GG), we generated an autotetraploid GGFC mapping population consisting of 132 individuals. For the map we used 128 sequence-based markers, 141 AFLP, 86 SSR and three morphological markers. Seven linkage groups were resolved for FC (Total 632 cM) and GG (616 cM) which were validated by markers that segregated in both parents as well as the diploid integrated consensus map. The release of the Fragaria vesca genome, which also belongs to the Rosoideae, allowed us to place 70 rose sequenced markers on the seven strawberry pseudo-chromosomes. Synteny between Rosa and Fragaria was high with an estimated four major translocations and six inversions required to place the 17 non-collinear markers in the same order. Based on a verified linear order of the rose markers, we could further partition each of the parents into its four homologous groups, thus providing an essential framework to aid the sequencing of an autotetraploid genome.
Generation of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells from Autoreactive T Cells Simultaneously with Their Negative Selection in the Thymus and from Nonautoreactive T Cells by Endogenous TCR Expression1

Normal T cell repertoire contains regulatory T cells that control autoimmune responses in the periphery. One recent study demonstrated that CD4+CD25+ T cells were generated from autoreactive T cells without negative selection. However, it is unclear whether, in general, positive selection and negative selection of autoreactive T cells are mutually exclusive processes in the thymus. To investigate the ontogeny of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, neo-autoantigen-bearing transgenic mice expressing chicken egg OVA systemically in the nuclei (Ld-nOVA) were crossed with transgenic mice expressing an OVA-specific TCR (DO11.10). Ld-nOVA × DO11.10 mice had increased numbers of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the thymus and the periphery despite clonal deletion. In Ld-nOVA × DO11.10 mice, T cells expressing endogenous TCR αβ chains were CD4+CD25− T cells, whereas T cells expressing autoreactive TCR were selected as CD4+CD25+ T cells, which were exclusively dominant in recombination-activating gene 2-deficient Ld-nOVA × DO11.10 mice. In contrast, in DO11.10 mice, CD4+CD25+ T cells expressed endogenous TCR αβ chains, which disappeared in recombination-activating gene 2-deficient DO11.10 mice. These results indicate that part of autoreactive T cells that have a high affinity TCR enough to cause clonal deletion could be positively selected as CD4+CD25+ T cells in the thymus. Furthermore, it is suggested that endogenous TCR gene rearrangement might critically contribute to the generation of CD4+CD25+ T cells from nonautoreactive T cell repertoire, at least under the limited conditions such as TCR-transgenic models, as well as the generation of CD4+CD25− T cells from autoreactive T cell repertoire.
Magnetic field tuning of charge and spin order in the cuprate superconductors

Recent neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments have yielded valuable new information on the interplay between charge and spin density wave order and superconductivity in the cuprate superconductors, by using a perpendicular magnetic field to tune the ground state properties. We compare the results of these experiments with the predictions of a theory which assumed that the ordinary superconductor was proximate to a quantum transition to a superconductor with co-existing spin/charge density wave order.
Inclusión educativa del estudiante sordo en la educación superior: Una cosmovisión pedagógica holística

espanolLa intencion de este estudio fue indagar, describir, interpretar y reflexionar intersubjetivamente los sentires y vivencias de la inclusion educativa de las personas sordas en la educacion superior, para trascender a una cosmovision pedagogica holistica. Epistemologicamente se asumio un enfoque introspectivo-vivencial, bajo el paradigma interpretativo y el metodo fenomenologico hermeneutico con las fases (Van Manen, 2003): recoger, reflexionar y escribir-reflexionar la experiencia vivida. Los versionantes fueron dos estudiantes sordos y tres docentes. Se utilizo la observacion y la entrevista conversacional, y de instrumento el diario de campo. En la interpretacion se empleo el analisis de contenido con la codificacion, categorizacion abierta y axial, legitimado mediante el contacto prolongado, observacion persistente, triangulacion y saturacion. La cosmovision universal de la diversidad humana en la Educacion Superior tendra el potencial para trascender desde el servicio y el amor, convocada a replantear sus propositos universales en el nacimiento de un modelaje humanistico inclusivo direccionado a la atencion educativa bio-psico-socio-espiritual del estudiante sordo. EnglishThe purpose of this study was to investigate, describe, interpret and reflect intersubjectively deaf people’s feelings and life experiences when being included in the university educational system. Etymologically, an introspective-experiential focus was assumed, based on the Interpretative Paradigm and using the phenomenological-hermeneutic method and its respective phases: to obtain the information, reflect and then to write and reflect again about people’s life experiences (Van Manen, 2003). The informers for the survey were two (2) deaf students and three (3) professors. The observation, open interview and field diary were used as research techniques and instrument. The content analysis (with codification and axial and open categorization) was used for the interpretation of the information, which was legitimated through prolonged contact, persistent observation, triangulation and saturation processes. Human diversity worldview in the university level of education will emerge from the service and love values, with the aim of raising its universal purposes again, in order to start an inclusive humanistic modeling that is directed to the bio-psycho-social and spiritual educative attention to deaf students.
"Before" and "after": Investigating the relationship between temporal connectives and chronological ordering using event-related potentials

Sentence-initial temporal clauses headed by before, as in "Before the scientist submitted the paper, the journal changed its policy", have been shown to elicit sustained negative-going brain potentials compared to maximally similar clauses headed by after, as in "After the scientist submitted the paper, the journal changed its policy". Such effects may be due to either one of two potential causes: before clauses may be more difficult than after clauses because they cause the two events in the sentence to be mentioned in an order opposite the order in which they actually occurred, or they may be more difficult because they are ambiguous with regard to whether the event described in the clause actually happened. The present study examined the effect of before and after clauses on sentence processing in both sentence-initial contexts, like those above, and in sentence-final contexts ("The journal changed its policy before/after the scientist submitted the paper"), where an order-of-mention account of the sustained negativity predicts a negativity for after relative to before. There was indeed such a reversal, with before eliciting more negative brain potentials than after in sentence-initial clauses but more positive in sentence-final clauses. The results suggest that the sustained negativity indexes processing costs related to comprehending events that were mentioned out of order.
Fiber Bragg Grating Wireless Sensors Network

We demonstrate a novel wireless sensors network available for multi-dimension and multi-parameter measurement based on fiber Bragg grating sensing units. The combination of wireless communication with the fiber Bragg grating sensors obtains obvious advantages including inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference, compact size and high sensitivity compared with conditional wireless sensing network based on electronic elements. Additionally, data collection, processing and transmission of sensing information are achieved by forming a multi-jump and self-organized network via wireless communication. Considering its unique advantages, this kind of wireless sensors network has wide application in many harsh environment, such as desert, wasteland and the health monitoring of some complicated buildings.
A Congestion Control Algorithm for Ad Hoc Networks: A Dual Decomposition Approach

We consider the problem of finding the optimal end-to-end session rate for wireless ad hoc networks, formulate this problem as a nonlinear optimization to maximize the sum of the sources' utilities with constraints that arise from contention for channel access, apply dual decomposition approach to solve this nonlinear optimization problem, and propose the algorithm to obtain the optimal solutions. Numerical example proves the proposed algorithm can fairly close to the globally optimal solution
Privacy Protection in Participatory Sensing Applications Requiring Fine-Grained Locations

The emerging participatory sensing applications have brought a privacy risk where users expose their location information. Most of the existing solutions preserve location privacy by generalizing a precise user location to a coarse-grained location, and hence they cannot be applied in those applications requiring fine-grained location information. To address this issue, in this paper we propose a novel method to preserve location privacy by anonymizing coarse-grained locations and retaining fine-grained locations using Attribute Based Encryption (ABE). In addition, we do not assume the service provider is an trustworthy entity, making our solution more feasible to practical applications. We present and analyze our security model, and evaluate the performance and scalability of our system.
Rural Livelihood Strategies in Cambodia: Evidence from a Household Survey in Stung Treng

The overall objective of this discussion paper is to advance the knowledge on rural livelihoods in Stung Treng, Cambodia. In a cluster analysis, five clusters with very different livelihood strategies are identified based on a sample of 600 rural households. Despite the fact that nearly all households are engaged in some form of subsistence farming, especially by growing rice, the richer clusters build on self-employment and higher-skilled wage employment. In contrast the middle income cluster mainly depends on natural resources (fish and firewood). The poorer two clusters are engaged in lowerskilled wage employment. The incidence of poverty is widespread but differences between the clusters are clearly visible. Even the better-off households have consumption poverty headcount ratios of between 37 to 50% at PPP $1.25. For households from the poorest clusters the poverty headcount ratio amounts to even 70% for income and 80% for consumption. Especially the households largely depending on natural resource extraction are characterized by a high incidence of poverty and high vulnerability. In addition, there are a number of pressures which are expected to increase poverty problems in the future. Policies aimed at reducing poverty and improving rural livelihoods need to carefully consider the close linkages between rural livelihoods and natural resources. But also a diversification away from natural resource extraction into higher-skilled jobs is found to be a strategy opening up new opportunities to improve livelihood security and raise the living standards of the poor.
Lesion conspicuity and efficiency of CT colonography with electronic cleansing based on a three-material transition model.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to report the effect on lesion conspicuity and the practical efficiency of electronic cleansing for CT colonography (CTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were included from the Walter Reed Army Medical Center public database. All patients had undergone extensive bowel preparation with fecal tagging. A primary 3D display method was used. For study I, the data consisted of all patients with polyps > or = 6 mm. Two experienced CTC observers (observer 1 and observer 2) scored the lesion conspicuity considering supine and prone positions separately. For study II, data consisted of 19 randomly chosen patients from the database. The same observers evaluated the data before and after electronic cleansing. Evaluation time, assessment effort, and observer confidence were recorded. RESULTS In study I, there were 59 lesions partly or completely covered by tagged material (to be uncovered by electronic cleansing) and 70 lesions surrounded by air (no electronic cleansing required). The conspicuity did not differ significantly between lesions that were uncovered by electronic cleansing and lesions surrounded by air (observer 1, p < 0.5; observer 2, p < 0.6). In study II, the median evaluation time per patient after electronic cleansing was significantly shorter than for original data (observer 1, 20 reduced to 12 minutes; observer 2, 17 reduced to 12 minutes). Assessment effort was significantly smaller for both observers (p < 0.0000001), and observer confidence was significantly larger (observer 1, p < 0.007; observer 2, p < 0.0002) after electronic cleansing. CONCLUSION Lesions uncovered by electronic cleansing have comparable conspicuity with lesions surrounded by air. CTC with electronic cleansing sustains a shorter evaluation time, lower assessment effort, and larger observer confidence than without electronic cleansing.
Synthetic Spectrum Constraints on a Model of the Cataclysmic Variable QU Carinae

Neither standard model SEDs nor truncated standard model SEDs fit observed spectra of QU Carinae with acceptable accuracy over the range 900-3000 Å. Nonstandard model SEDs fit the observation set accurately. The nonstandard accretion disk models have a hot region extending from the white dwarf to R = 1.36RWD, a narrow intermediate-temperature annulus, and an isothermal remainder to the tidal cutoff boundary. The models include a range of values between 1.0 × 10−7 and 1.0 × 10−6 M☉ yr−1 and limiting values of MWD between 0.6 and 1.2 M☉. A solution with MWD = 1.2 M☉ is consistent with an empirical mass-period relation. The set of models agree on a limited range of possible isothermal region Teff values between 14,000 and 18,000 K. The model-to-model residuals are so similar that it is not possible to choose a best model. The Hipparcos distance, 610 pc, is representative of the model results. The orbital inclination is between 40° and 60°.
Performance Incentives: Their Growing Impact on American K-12 Education

The concept of pay for performance for public school teachers is growing in popularity and use, and it has resurged to once again occupy a central role in education policy. Performance Incentives: Their Growing Impact on American K-12 Education offers the most up-to-date and complete analysis of this promising --yet still controversial --policy innovation. Performance Incentives brings together an interdisciplinary team of experts, providing an unprecedented discussion and analysis of the pay-for-performance debate by: Identifying the potential strengths and weaknesses of tying pay to student outcomes; Comparing different strategies for measuring teacher accomplishments; Addressing key conceptual and implemen - tation issues; Describing what teachers themselves think of merit pay; Examining recent examples in Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, and Texas; Studying the overall impact on student achievement.
A 4.8 and 8.6 GHz Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud. I. The Images

Detailed 4.8 and 8.6 GHz radio images of the entire Large Magellanic Cloud with half-power beamwidths of 33″ at 4.8 GHz and 20″ at 8.6 GHz have been obtained using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. A total of 7085 mosaic positions were used to cover an area of 6° on a side. Full polarimetric observations were made. These images have sufficient spatial resolution (∼8 and 5 pc, respectively) and sensitivity (3 σ of 1 mJy beam-1) to identify most of the individual supernova remnants and H II regions and also, in combination with available data from the Parkes 64 m telescope, the structure of the smooth emission in that galaxy. In addition, limited data using the sixth antenna at 4.5–6 km baselines are available to distinguish bright point sources (<3″ and 2″, respectively) and to help estimate sizes of individual sources smaller than the resolution of the full survey. The resulting database will be valuable for statistical studies and comparisons with X-ray, optical, and infrared surveys of the LMC with similar resolution.
Business sectors and ERP solutions

The paper demonstrates the results of analysis of business sectors supported by specialised ERP solutions. It answers the following questions: is there a form of grouping ERP solutions producers based on the number of supported business sectors, is it possible to develop a mathematical model for estimation of the number of ERP producers which support business sectors to a certain level, is there a form of grouping business sectors based on the number of specialised ERP solutions which support them, and is it possible to develop a mathematical model for estimation of the number of business sectors which are supported by ERP solution to a certain level.
Hierarchical Testing Designs for Pattern Recognition This Reprint Differs from the Original in Pagination and Typographic Detail. 1 2

We explore the theoretical foundations of a " twenty questions " approach to pattern recognition. The object of the analysis is the computational process itself rather than probability distributions (Bayesian inference) or decision boundaries (statistical learning). Our formulation is motivated by applications to scene interpretation in which there are a great many possible explanations for the data, one (" background ") is statistically dominant, and it is imperative to restrict intensive computation to genuinely ambiguous regions. The focus here is then on pattern filtering: Given a large set Y of possible patterns or explanations, narrow down the true one Y to a small (random) subset Y ⊂ Y of " detected " patterns to be subjected to further, more intense, processing. To this end, we consider a family of hypothesis tests for Y ∈ A versus the nonspecific alternatives Y ∈ A c. Each test has null type I error and the candidate sets A ⊂ Y are arranged in a hierarchy of nested partitions. These tests are then characterized by scope (|A|), power (or type II error) and algorithmic cost. We consider sequential testing strategies in which decisions are made iteratively, based on past outcomes, about which test to perform next and when to stop testing. The set Y is then taken to be the set of patterns that have not been ruled out by the tests performed. The total cost of a strategy is the sum of the " testing cost " and the " postprocessing cost " (proportional to | Y |) and the corresponding optimization problem is analyzed. As might be expected, under mild assumptions good designs for sequential testing strategies exhibit a steady progression from broad scope coupled with low power to high power coupled with dedication to specific explanations. In the assumptions ensuring this property a key role is played by the ratio cost/power. These ideas are illustrated in the context of detecting rectangles amidst clutter. 1. Introduction. Motivated by problems in machine perception, specifically scene interpretation, we investigate the theoretical foundations of an approach to pattern recognition based on adaptive sequential testing. The basic scenario is familiar to everybody—identify one " pattern " (or " explanation ") from among many by posing a sequence of subset questions. In other words, play a game of " twenty questions. " Intuitively, we should ask more and more precise questions, progressing from general ones which " …
Combining Case-Based Reasoning and Semantic Indexing in a Question-Answer Service

This paper argues that knowledge technologies can be utilized in creating question-answer services on the semantic web. To ease the content indexer’s work, we propose semi-automatic semantic indexing for annotating question-answer pairs and case-based reasoning techniques for finding similar questions. To provide answers matching with the indexer’s and end-user’s information needs, methods for combining case-based reasoning with semantic search and browsing are proposed. A real life ontology-based question-answer application OPAS is presented as a proof of concept.