Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave on Australian Precipitation from 1958 to 1997

Abstract Year-to-year changes are found in Australian precipitation (APP) covarying with those in sea surface temperature (SST) and troposphere moisture flux (MF) over the three oceans surrounding Australia for 40 yr from 1958 to 1997. Australia’s wet (dry) years are associated with warm (cool) SST anomalies surrounding Australia and convergent (divergent) MF anomalies directly overhead. Differences in APP (SST) between wet and dry years can reach 0.75 m (1.2°C) in northeast Australia (subtropical Indian Ocean). Wet (dry) years often occur during La Nina (El Nino), but significant differences in covarying SST, MF, and APP anomalies from one El Nino to the next are found, indicating that regional climate changes also influence APP. Covarying SST and MF anomalies on basin space scales and interannual timescales are found to take 2–3 yr to propagate eastward from Africa to Australia. This propagation occurs in association with the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) in the Southern Ocean, the north branch of th.
The impact of hydrometeors on the microphysical parameterization in the WRF modelling system over southern peninsular India

This study examines the influence of Purdue-Lin microphysical parameterization scheme (Lin et al.,1983) on quantitative precipitation for pre-monsoon/monsoon conditions over southern peninsular India in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. An ideal microphysical scheme has to describe the formation, growth of cloud droplets and ice crystals and fall out as precipitation. Microphysics schemes can be broadly categorized into two types: bin and bulk particle size distribution (Morrison, 2010). Bulk schemes predict one or more bulk quantities and assume some functional form for the particle size distribution. For better parameterization, proper interpretation of these hydrometeors (Cloud Droplets, Raindrops, Ice Crystals and Aggregates, Rimed Ice Particles, Graupel, Hail) and non-hydrometeors (Aerosols vs. Condensation Nuclei vs. Cloud Condensation Nuclei vs. Ice Nuclei) is very important. The Purdue-Lin scheme is a commonly used microphysics scheme in WRF model utilizing the “bulk” particle size distribution, meaning that a particle size distribution is assumed. The intercept parameter (N0) is, in fact, turns out to be independent of the density. However, in situ observations suggest (Haddad et al., 1996, 1997) that the mass weighted mean diameter is correlated with water content per unit volume (q), leading to the fact that N0 depends on it. Here, in order to analyze the correlation of droplet size distribution with the convection, we have carried out simulations by implementing a consistent methodology to enforce a correlation between N0 and q in the Purdue-Lin microphysics scheme in WRF model. The effect of particles in Indian Summer Monsoon has been examined using frequency distribution of rainfall at surface, daily rainfall over the domain and convective available potential energy and convective inhibition. The simulations are conducted by analyzing the maximum rainfall days in the pre-monsoon/monsoon seasons using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) accumulated rainfall data for 24 hours.
BlueShift: Probing Adaptive Frequency Hopping in Bluetooth

Bluetooth technology is ubiquitous in today's world with the adoption of mobile phones, wearable media, and Internet-of-Things devices. Adaptive Frequency Hoping (AFH) enables Bluetooth-based technology to frequently change the corresponding wireless communication channel for user privacy purposes and signal noise reduction. The continuous switching of channel frequencies in AFH conceptually mirrors a moving target defense approach, as AFH increases the difficulty for adversaries to probe and monitor Bluetooth devices. In this short paper, we propose~\product, a systematic approach to defeat AFH in practice by identifying and tracking hopping patterns for Bluetooth Low Energy devices. Our real-world experiments demonstrate plausibility of the proposed approach and identify key areas to enhance AFH's effectiveness as an MTD.
Current knowledge and future research directions of medical tourism: insights from a bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT The increasing number of published articles indicate the growth in the literature on medical tourism (MT). Using the performance analysis, we identify publication trends, most-cited articles, and analysis of methodologies used. Moreover, the current knowledge of MT is also synthesized using a keyword co-occurrence network, indicating 5 clusters and themes. These include the tourism market, health tourism, health services, medical tourism, and tourism. We also highlight 5 major research fronts or themes currently in focus and expanding. We aim to help academics and practitioners increase their understanding of MT and provide directions for future research.
A Data Mesh Adaptable Oil and Gas Ontology Based on Open Subsurface Data Universe (OSDU)

: Incompatible models, heterogeneous data, and siloed data present challenges for the Oil & Gas industry. Knowledge graphs provide efficient consolidation, improved quality, and universal access to data, addressing these challenges. Developed by major global Oil & Gas and cloud organizations, the Open Subsurface Data Universe (OSDU) platform provides subsurface energy data ingestion, enrichment, and consumption services, as well as metadata storage, indexing, and search services. OSDU data supply chain aligns with the main concepts of the new trending data architecture, Data Mesh, such as federated data governance, decoupling data from applications, and domain specific data products. Data integration in subsurface data industry can be achieved by building a domain knowledge graph based on standard and enriched OSDU framework schemas. A knowledge graph-based solution begins with building a domain ontology. The purpose of this article is to introduce the OSDU ontology, which is publicly available on GitHub under the Apache 2.0 license. This paper discusses OSDU ontology design, development, applications, and evaluation.
Two Pathways into Number Work for Primary Teachers: A Counting Pathway and a Measurement Pathway

Teacher quality in primary schools in South Africa is a serious concern, and how best to prepare teachers in initial teacher education—with regard to mathematics—remains an open and vexing question. There is a confluence of challenges facing the mathematics education community in South Africa: poor conceptual understanding of mathematics amongst teachers; poor attainment in Primary Teacher Education mathematics tests at both first and fourth year levels; and few initial teacher education programmes having evidence of improving knowledge for teaching mathematics. In addition, few lecturers in initial teacher education make explicit the theoretical tenets informing their course design for mathematics. In response to the latter challenge, this paper makes explicit the design choices made in the Emergent Number Sense first year mathematics module in Bachelor of Education degrees, used across six universities in South Africa. It then theorises the choice to commence the B.Ed mathematics programmes with two pathways into number knowledge: (1) a counting pathway, making use of discrete objects or events which can be quantified by counting in ones; and (2) a measurement pathway, making use of continuous extents which can be quantified by introducing a unit of measurement. Each has a distinct metaphor, strategy for the reification of the 10 and supporting representation. This offers the lecturers using the course in their own design trials, and initial teacher educators beyond the Maths4Primary Teachers collective, a conceptual framework for this design choice, which can now be critiqued and further improved.
Whiteboarding: A Tool to Improve CS1 Student Self-Efficacy

Many students struggle in Introductory Computer Science (CS1) and fail or drop out of the class. A lack of CS self-efficacy -- the belief that the individual can complete a task -- is frequently the cause of this failure to succeed in CS1. Solutions have been proposed to improve student self-efficacy in CS1. Unfortunately, a lack of self-efficacy in CS1 classes is still a problem. This study examines a pedagogical tool, whiteboarding, and its effect on student perception of self-efficacy during the programming problem-solving process for novice programmers. Whiteboarding refers to students using whiteboards during the CS problem solving process. Focus group sessions, researcher notes, and memos were used to collect qualitative data. The whiteboarding intervention was conducted in two AP CS A classes during the first four weeks of the year. Seventeen 10th-grade students participated in the focus groups. Three focus groups of four students and one focus group of five students were conducted at the end of the intervention. These findings indicate that whiteboarding can be a vital tool that increases student self-efficacy by improving their success at programming activities, increasing collaboration and feedback, and providing an active, positive learning environment that holds students accountable for their work. The themes that emerged from the focus group sessions were: Engagement with the Problem, Engagement with Others, and Engagement with the Environment. Teaching success in the CS1 classroom requires student self-efficacy. This study highlights a teaching pedagogy that CS1 educators can implement to increase student self-efficacy.
Demographics of Western South Dakota Wetlands and Basins

DEMOGRAPHICS OF WESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA WETLANDS AND BASINS BRYAN RIEGER 04/01/2004 Wetlands, whether natural or man-made in origin, are an important feature of the semiarid landscape of western South Dakota. These wetlands have numerous social and economic values and functions for both landowners and non-owners, as well as for fish and wildlife species. For this reason, accurate information about wetland abundance, characteristics and distribution is important. These demographic summaries of wetland resources of western South Dakota were based on digital wetland data, as delineated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) office. Surface water covers approximately 257,006 ha or about 2.4% of the 10,810,700 ha of western South Dakota. Palustrine systems constitute 50.2%, lacustrine systems constitute 41.8%, and riverine systems constitute 8.1% of the surface water area in western South Dakota. There are 30% fewer hectares of NWIdelineated wetlands in western South Dakota than in eastern South Dakota. A total of 172,867 basins exist in western South Dakota. Of these basins, 61,757 (35.7%) are classified as temporary, 50,447 (29.2%) as seasonal, 59,340 (34.3%) as semipermanent, and 1,323 (0.8%) as permanent basins. There are 86,927 created basins, which is 50.3% of the total number of basins. Of these basins, 72,562 are impounded basins, 14,054 are dugouts, and 311 were created by beaver (Castor canadensis) activity. There are five-fold fewer basins in western South Dakota than in eastern South Dakota. The wetlands and basins GIS created for this project and the resulting demographic summaries provide a temporal and spatial data baseline to which past and future changes in wetland demographics can be compared. Demographic summaries also will benefit resource managers in their efforts to conserve native species of
Gender-specific linkages: frailty, polypharmacy, anti-cholinergic burden, and 5-year mortality risk—a real-world analysis

Background With higher age, frailty escalates the risk of falls, unexpected physical dysfunction, hospitalization, and mortality. Polypharmacy in the older population is a major challenge that not only increases medical costs, but also may worsen the risk of hospitalization and death. More importantly, the properties of anti-cholinergic drugs contribute various negative effects. This study aimed to investigate the sex difference in the association of polypharmacy, anticholinergic burden, and frailty with mortality. Methods Participants older than 65 years who attended the geriatric outpatient clinic of the study center between January 2015 and July 2020 were invited to participate in this retrospective study. Comprehensive geriatric assessment data were collected and the phenotype of frailty was determined by Fried’s criteria. Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier curve were used to identify risk factors of 5-year survival along with intergroup differences in the risks. Results Of the 2,077 participants, 47.5% were female. The prevalence of frailty and the rate of polypharmacy were 44.7% and 60.6%, respectively. Higher age, male sex, low body mass index, low Mini-Mental State Examination scores, low activities of daily living, frailty status, polypharmacy, and a high Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and greater anticholinergic burden were significant risk factors that were associated with the 5-year all-cause mortality. Male patients with frailty exhibited the highest risks of mortality compared with male patients without frailty and female patients with or without frailty. Polypharmacy was significantly associated with a higher 5-year mortality rate in the frail male group compared with the non-frail male. In frail female group, individuals with a higher anticholinergic burden (as indicated by the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale) from drug usage exhibited an elevated 5-year mortality rate. Conclusions Polypharmacy and greater anticholinergic burden, synergistically interacted with frailty and intensified the 5-year mortality risk in a gender-specific manner. To mitigate mortality risks, clinicians should prudently identify polypharmacy and anticholinergic burden in the older population.
Inversion After Depth Imaging

In many areas, depth imaging of seismic data is required to construct an accurate view of the reservoir structure. This is especially true in areas of complex geology and areas with salt tectonics. Having identified the reservoir structure, we of course want to extract further information on lithology, reservoir quality, and fluids. This can be achieved by seismic amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion. Traditionally, depth-imaged data are inverted by converting it back into the time domain to enable the seismic data to be represented by convolution with a consistent wavelet, varying only slowly with both time and spatial location. We will describe an alternate approach that allows us to invert the seismic data directly in the depth domain, where it has been correctly located by the depth imaging. This approach also allows us to account for the variability in the image amplitudes that arise due to the complex geology and the spatial variations in the acquisition geometry. This new approach to inversion is demonstrated on synthetic model data, and compared with results obtained from conventional time-domain inversion.
The dynamics of faulting

It has been known for long that faults arrange themselves naturally into different classes, which have originated under different conditions of pressure in the rock mass. The object of the present paper is to show a little more clearly the connection between any system of faults and the system of forces which gave rise to it. It can be shown mathematically that any system of forces, acting within a rock which for the time being is in equilibrium, resolves itself at any particular point into three pressures or tensions (or both combined), acting across three planes which are at right angles to one another. Across these particular planes there is no tangential stress, but there will be tangential stress at that point across any other plane which may be drawn through it. There will evidently be positions of this hypothetical plane for which the tangential stress will be a maximum. It is evident that these maximum positions of the plane will have much to do with determining the directions of faults in the rock. We will therefore take the general case and investigate what the positions are. Suppose O to be any point in a rock, and let the three directions along which the pressures or tensions act (the directions perpendicular to the three planes mentioned above) be OX, OY, OZ. Let the pressures, or tensions, acting along these three directions be P, Q, R, which we will suppose positive when they denote pressures, and negative when they denote tensions.
Origin and ages of mode waters in the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence region during austral winter 1994

The ventilation of the main thermocline associated with the formation of Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) and Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) within the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence region is investigated using satellite data, hydrographic data, and dissolved CFCs as transient tracers. During the winter of 1994, two types of STMW were observed. Both types, 26.24 σθ and 26.46 σθ were formed within the warm pool of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW). The SAMW is found on the 27.10 σθ density surface. This surface lies in the minimum salinity layer of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). The mode waters are dated using CFC ratios. To our knowledge, this is the first estimate of the age of the mode waters in the region using the CFC-113:CFC-11 ratio method. The lighter STMW was being formed during the cruise. The heavier STMW was found to be 6±3 years old and is thought to have circulated in the subtropical gyre without losing its primary properties. The SAMW, or the lightest AAIW has an age of 3±2 years. This water is very young compared with the oldest (10±5 years) and heaviest component of the AAIW, which circulates within the subtropical gyre. The formation of the STMW in the confluence region is dependent on the southward extension of the Brazil Current.
A Clustering-Based Approach for Adaptive Control Applied to a Hybrid Electric Vehicle

: In this paper we present an approach to adapt the parameters of controllers during operation. It is targeted at industrial adoption, relying on controllers of the same type currently in use, but adjusting their gains at run-time based on varying system and / or environment conditions. As the key contribution of this paper we present a method to discover what condition variations warrant a control adaptation for cases where this is not known up front. The goal is not to achieve a better performance than other adaptive control schemes, but to provide a different method of designing or deciding how to build adaptation logic. To achieve this we use data-driven methods to, in an offline preprocessing step: (I) derive features that quantify system / environment variations, (II) optimize the control parameters for the distinct feature values, (III) search for clusters in the multi-dimensional space of both these features and control parameters, looking for sets of similar features as well as control parameters to be used. Once a set of clusters is defined, an online adaptive controller is then synthesized by (I) building a classifier to determine which cluster the currently observed conditions belong to, and (II) selecting the optimal control parameters for that cluster. This paper provides a first illustration of the method, without theoretical analysis, on an example case of energy management for a hybrid electrical vehicle, for which an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy controller is built whose parameters are adjusted as the detected cluster changes. The results show an increase in energy-efficiency of the adaptive control method over the non-adaptive one in a variety of scenarios.
Development and Application of Potentially Universal Microsatellite Markers for Pheasant Species

Simple Summary In this study, 471 microsatellite loci which are common among 8 pheasant species were screened based on genome data, and 119 loci were selected to develop microsatellite markers. After PCR amplifications and reaction condition optimizations, and validation of microsatellite loci in 14 species of 11 genera within Phasianidae. Finally, 49 potentially universal microsatellite markers in the pheasant species were obtained. The 49 potentially universal microsatellite loci were successfully applied to a genetic diversity assessment and comparison for three pheasant birds, the Sichuan Hill partridge, blood pheasant and buff-throated partridge. These 49 microsatellite loci are potentially universal microsatellite loci for pheasants and are of great significance to establish a shared platform in population genetics study of pheasants. Abstract Pheasants are widely distributed in the southwest of China, but many of them are endangered due to habitat fragmentation and environmental changes. Genetic diversity is crucial for species to maintain their evolutionary potential, and thus it is important to develop universal genetic markers for facilitating the assessment of genetic diversity and planning effective conservation actions in these endangered species. In this study, 471 microsatellite loci which are common among eight pheasant species were screened based on genome data, and 119 loci were selected to develop microsatellite markers. After PCR amplifications and reaction condition optimizations, and validation of microsatellite loci in 14 species of 11 genera within Phasianidae. Finally, 49 potentially universal microsatellite markers in pheasant species were obtained. These microsatellite markers were successfully applied to assess the genetic diversity of 3 pheasant species. The Sichuan hill partridge (Arborophila rufipectus), blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus), buff-throated partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii) and Sichuan hill partridge had a relatively low genetic diversity level. These 49 microsatellite loci are potentially universal microsatellite loci for pheasants and are of great significance to establish a shared platform in population genetics study of pheasants.
The Dark Side of Sharing Knowledge in the Social Media Era: Faculty Members' Perspectives

: This pilot study examines the dark side of social media platforms (SMPs) for knowledge sharing (KS) from knowledge management (KM) and information systems security(ISS) perspectives. SMPs have become a mainstream technology with several potential opportunities for KS especially during the COVID 19 pandemic. However, the literature indicates a dark side to SMPs, and knowledge workers may encounter several challenges that might negatively affect their use. Hence, this study specifically assesses the negative effects of knowledge power loss, codification efforts, privacy breaches and cyberattacks on KS through SMPs. Based on 42 faculty members and structure equation modelling-based analysis, the results indicate that only knowledge power loss is the main negative influencer of knowledge workers’ use of SMPs for KS. Further analysis indicated that knowledge power loss negatively affects sharing implicit not explicit knowledge. This study provides initial insights for researchers and practitioners.
UpKG: A Framework to Insert New Domains in Knowledge Graphs

: In recent years, the creation of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) has advanced significantly. They have become essential in several domains, such as e-commerce. E-commerce applications apply them in the search and recommendation of products and virtual chatbots, among other tasks. However, e-commerce must constantly cover new domains/categories to respond to new user needs. This process requires rigorous analysis to cover new domains, adding novel knowledge not stored in the KG. This study proposes, builds, and evaluates a framework we named UpKG to insert new domains in existing KGs within an e-commerce context. Our approach relies on questions and answers collected in the real-world context of the GoBots company to facilitate the new domain insertion process. Our framework was applied in GoBots company, specialized in e-commerce solutions in Latin America. The conducted case was on an existing KG, whose triples were dominated by the Automobile domain. Our work covered and inserted novel triples concerning the Appliances domain. The conducted evaluation shows that we can verify the feasibility and applicability of the UpKG framework.