Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Summary of the recommendations on sexual dysfunctions in men.

INTRODUCTION Sexual health is an integral part of overall health. Sexual dysfunction can have a major impact on quality of life and psychosocial and emotional well-being. AIM To provide evidence-based, expert-opinion consensus guidelines for clinical management of sexual dysfunction in men. METHODS An international consultation collaborating with major urologic and sexual medicine societies convened in Paris, July 2009. More than 190 multidisciplinary experts from 33 countries were assembled into 25 consultation committees. Committee members established scope and objectives for each chapter. Following an exhaustive review of available data and publications, committees developed evidence-based guidelines in each area. Main Outcome Measures. New algorithms and guidelines for assessment and treatment of sexual dysfunctions were developed based on work of previous consultations and evidence from scientific literature published from 2003 to 2009. The Oxford system of evidence-based review was systematically applied. Expert opinion was based on systematic grading of medical literature, and cultural and ethical considerations. RESULTS Algorithms, recommendations, and guidelines for sexual dysfunction in men are presented. These guidelines were developed in an evidence-based, patient-centered, multidisciplinary manner. It was felt that all sexual dysfunctions should be evaluated and managed following a uniform strategy, thus the International Consultation of Sexual Medicine (ICSM-5) developed a stepwise diagnostic and treatment algorithm for sexual dysfunction. The main goal of ICSM-5 is to unmask the underlying etiology and/or indicate appropriate treatment options according to men's and women's individual needs (patient-centered medicine) using the best available data from population-based research (evidence-based medicine). Specific evaluation, treatment guidelines, and algorithms were developed for every sexual dysfunction in men, including erectile dysfunction; disorders of libido, orgasm, and ejaculation; Peyronie's disease; and priapism. CONCLUSIONS Sexual dysfunction in men represents a group of common medical conditions that need to be managed from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Permutation Patterns and Continued Fractions

We find, in the form of a continued fraction, the generating function for the number of $(132)$-avoiding permutations that have a given number of $(123)$ patterns, and show how to extend this to permutations that have exactly one $(132)$ pattern. We also find some properties of the continued fraction, which is similar to, though more general than, those that were studied by Ramanujan.
Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography

Speckle‐tracking echocardiography has recently emerged as a quantitative ultrasound technique for accurately evaluating myocardial function by analyzing the motion of speckles identified on routine 2‐dimensional sonograms. It provides non‐Doppler, angle‐independent, and objective quantification of myocardial deformation and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dynamics. By tracking the displacement of the speckles during the cardiac cycle, strain and the strain rate can be rapidly measured offline after adequate image acquisition. Data regarding the feasibility, accuracy, and clinical applications of speckle‐tracking echocardiography are rapidly accumulating. This review describes the fundamental concepts of speckle‐tracking echocardiography, illustrates how to obtain strain measurements using this technique, and discusses their recognized and developing clinical applications.
How Have Korean Vowels Changed Through Time

This paper was presented under the title "How has the Korean vowel system changed through time? " at the 11 th International Conference on Korean Linguistics (Honolulu, July 1998). There are three parts: (1) on Korean vowel harmony; (2) on the hypothesis that the values of the modem vowel system is the result of rotation, a shift of articulatory values; (3) on the connotative associations of the vocalic features, the etymological implications of vowel sets, and the canonical patterns found in the nouns and the verb stems.
Three-scale process-crystallographic analysis of a new biocompatible piezoelectric material MgSiO3 generation

Recently, the lead free piezoelectric material, which could be used for the actuator and the sensor of medical care devices, such as the health monitoring system (HMS) and the drug delivery system (DDS), is strongly required. In this study, we try to find a new biocompatible and lead-free piezoelectric material, by using the three-scale process-crystallographic analyses scheme, which consists of the first-principles calculation, the homogenization based finite element method, and the process optimization algorithm. After numerical calculations, we found an optimum biocompatible element combination and a tetragonal crystal structure of candidate material MgSiO<inf>3</inf>. As a result of process crystallography simulation to adjust with the selected substrate Au(111), lattice parameters of MgSiO<inf>3</inf> with tetragonal structure were obtained as a=b=0.3449nm and c=0.3538nm, and its aspect ratio was 1.026. The piezoelectric stress constants of a non constraint MgSiO<inf>3</inf> crystal, e<inf>33</inf>=4.57C/m<sup>2</sup>, e<inf>31</inf>=−2.20C/m<sup>2</sup> and e<inf>15</inf>=12.77C/m<sup>2</sup>, were obtained. Macro homogenized piezoelectric stress constants of MgSiO<inf>3</inf> thin film were obtained as e<inf>33</inf>=5.10C/m<sup>2</sup>, e<inf>31</inf>=−3.65C/m<sup>2</sup> and e<inf>15</inf>=3.24C/m<sup>2</sup>. We confirmed the availability of our process crystallographic simulation scheme for a new biocompatible piezoelectric material design through the comparison with the experimental observation of a newly generated MgSiO<inf>3</inf> thin film material.
THE EFFECTS OF 4‐AMINOPYRIDINE ON THE ISOLATED VAS DEFERENS AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE INHIBITORY PROPERTIES OF ADENOSINE, MORPHINE, NORADRENALINE AND γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID

1 Adenosine, adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP), morphine, noradrenaline, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) phentolamine and amyl nitrite were used to inhibit electrically‐evoked contractions of the isolated superfused vas deferens of the mouse. 2 The inhibitory effects of adenosine ATP, morphine, noradrenaline and GABA, which are thought to be due to presynaptic action, were reduced by perfusion with media containing 4‐aminopyridine (4AP) or tetraethylaminonium (TEA) ions. The inhibitory effects of phentolamine and amyl nitrite were unaffected by 4AP or TEA. 3 Quinidine, which like 4AP and TEA produced some increase of twitch height, did not reduce responses to the various agonists, indicating that an increased muscle contraction was not itself responsible for the reduced responses. 4 It is concluded that antagonism between 4AP and adenosine is not a specific interaction, as had been suggested, but probably reflects an interaction with Ca2+ requiring processes in the presynaptic terminal.
Phase behaviour of colloidal assemblies on 2D corrugated substrates

We investigate—using Monte Carlo computer simulations—the phase behaviour of dimeric colloidal molecules on periodic substrates with square symmetry. The molecules are formed in a two-dimensional suspension of like charged colloids subject to periodic external confinement, which can be experimentally realized by optical methods. We study the evolution of positional and orientational order by varying the temperature across the melting transition. We propose and evaluate appropriate order parameters as well as the specific heat capacity and show that the decay of positional correlations belongs to a class of crossover transitions while the orientational melting is a second-order phase transition.
Neural netwok based X-ray tomography for fast inspection of apples on a conveyor belt system

The throughput of an inline computed tomography (CT) based inspection system depends on the speed of its image reconstruction algorithm. Filtered back projection (FBP) provides fast reconstructions, but requires many high quality radiographs from all angles to obtain accurate reconstructions. This is not achievable in an inline environment. Iterative reconstruction methods yield adequate reconstructions from limited, but they are slow. Recently a new reconstruction algorithm was introduced [1] that can handle limited data and is very fast: the neural network FBP (NN-FBP). In this work, we introduce a neural network (NN) based Hilbert transform FBP (NN-hFBP) for inline inspection. This method reconstructs images with a filter-based Hilbert transform FBP method. The filters are application specific and trained by a neural network. Comparison of the NN-hFBP and conventional reconstruction methods applied to inline fan-beam X-ray data of apples shows that the NN-hFBP yields high quality images in a short reconstruction time.
Finite Alphabet Iterative Decoders, Part I: Decoding Beyond Belief Propagation on BSC

We introduce a new paradigm for finite precision iterative decoding on low-density parity-check codes over the Binary Symmetric channel. The messages take values from a finite alphabet, and unlike traditional quantized decoders which are quantized versions of the Belief propagation (BP) decoder, the proposed finite alphabet iterative decoders (FAIDs) do not propagate quantized probabilities or log-likelihoods and the variable node update functions do not mimic the BP decoder. Rather, the update functions are maps designed using the knowledge of potentially harmful subgraphs that could be present in a given code, thereby rendering these decoders capable of outperforming the BP in the error floor region. On certain column-weight-three codes of practical interest, we show that there exist 3-bit precision FAIDs that surpass the BP decoder in the error floor. Hence, FAIDs are able to achieve a superior performance at much lower complexity. We also provide a methodology for the selection of FAIDs that is not code-specific, but gives a set of candidate FAIDs containing potentially good decoders in the error floor region for any column-weight-three code. We validate the code generality of our methodology by providing particularly good three-bit precision FAIDs for a variety of codes with different rates and lengths.
Partial Evaluation for Constraint-Based Program Analyses

We report on a case study in the application of partial evaluation, initiated by the desire to speed up a constraint-based algorithm for controlo w analysis. We designed and implemented a dedicated partial evaluator, able to specialize the analysis wrt. a given constraint graph and thus remove the interpretive overhead, and measured it with Feeley’s Scheme benchmarks. Even though the gain turned out to be rather limited, our investigation yielded valuable feed back in that it provided a better understanding of the analysis, leading us to (re)invent an incremental version. We believe this phenomenon to be a quite frequent spino from using partial evaluation, since the removal of interpretive overhead makes the o w of control more explicit and hence pinpoints sources of ineciency . Finally, we observed that partial evaluation in our case yields such regular, low-level specialized programs that it begs for runtime code generation.
Methodological Issues for Qualitative Research with Learning Disabled Children

This paper discusses key methodological issues for qualitative research with learning disabled children, based on the author’s experience of involving learning disabled children in her doctoral study. The study was founded on the social model of disability and a sociological understanding of childhood that recognizes the abilities of disabled children as competent research participants. Issues that arose throughout the research process, from the early stages of gaining access to children, to communication challenges for interviewing learning disabled children, and the analysis and dissemination of data, are discussed. Within this context, this paper explores key methodological issues for researchers with regard to interviewing learning disabled children and actively involving them in qualitative research.
L'image du Pays : Proposition d'une échelle de mesure

Cet article retrace la procedure empruntee pour le developpement d’une echelle multi-items, presentant des qualites psychometriques satisfaisantes, destinee a mesurer l’image du pays d’origine. Nous aborderons les difficultes relatives a la mesure de l’image du pays d’origine, ainsi que les problemes d’equivalence culturelle qui lui sont associes. Enfin, nous demontrerons par le biais de l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire sous LISREL, l’unidimensionnalite de l’echelle de l’image du pays, sa fiabilite et sa validite.
Lessons Learned from the Implementation of Clinical Messaging Systems

The Regenstrief Institute has designed and implemented two clinical messaging systems over the past six years, both called DOCS4DOCS. These systems receive HL7 messages from data sources and deliver results to clinicians via the web, fax, or as HL7 directed to an EMR. This paper focuses on some of the lessons we have learned, both good and bad. We discuss important issues in clinical messaging including provider mapping, document delivery and duplicate prevention, creating uniform HL7 outbound feeds, user authentication, the problems of allowing Active-X controls, why automatic printing of documents is not important although a frequently requested feature, and assorted other pearls of wisdom we have acquired.
Gender Analysis of Land: Beyond Land Rights for Women?

Gender analysts of development have worked on land and property relations in poor rural areas for over two decades and the JAC 2003 special issue carried a range of work reflecting some of these research trajectories. This article is both a response to Bina Agarwal's paper on ‘Gender and Land Rights Revisited’, in which she reiterates her advocacy of land rights, and also an argument for why we should temper her transformatory expectations, recognize the complexity of what she sees as ‘social obstacles’ to women claiming land, and not rush to policy closure on land rights in all circumstances, or to blanket prescriptions. It argues for a renewed emphasis on reflexive ethnographic research with a focus on gender as social relations, on subject positions and subjectivities, on the meshing of shared and separate interests within households and on power residing in discourse as well as material assets.
Oxygen Free Radicals and Heart Failure

We hypothesize that oxygen free radicals are involved in the genesis and maintenance of volume and pressure overload heart failure. Pressure and vol ume overload would produce myocardial ischemia. During ischemia there will be an increase in xanthine and xanthine oxidase; and a decrease in the superox ide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity leading to an increase in the oxygen free radicals. A decrease in the cellular pH during ischemia would re lease phospholipase which would, in turn, release arachidonic acid from phos pholipids. Leukotrienes and prostaglandins will be synthesized through arachidonic acid metabolism. During this synthesis not only oxygen free radi cals will be produced but also there will be formation of leukotriene, LTB4, which is known to activate neutrophil and hence increased secretion of oxygen free radicals. Increased circulatory catecholamines due to compensatory mech anism would also lead to an increase in the oxygen free radicals. Oxygen free radicals are known to depress Ca++ binding and uptake of sarcoplasmic retic ulum which would lead to a decrease in the myocardial contractility. We have shown that oxygen free radicals depress cardiac function and cardiac contractil ity. It is, therefore, suggested that oxygen free radicals might be involved in the development of heart failure. The use of agents that reduce the amount of oxy gen free radicals would be of value in the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
Thermal equation of state of cubic boron nitride: Implications for a high-temperature pressure scale

The equation of state of cubic boron nitride (cBN) has been determined to a maximum temperature of 3300 K at a simultaneous static pressure of up to more than 70 GPa. Ab initio calculations to 80 GPa and 2000 K have also been performed. Our experimental data can be reconciled with theoretical results and with the known thermal expansion at 1 bar if we assume a small increase in pressure during heating relative to that measured at ambient temperature. The present data combined with the Raman measurements we presented earlier form the basis of a high-temperature pressure scale that is good to at least 3300 K.
The Relationship Between Work/Nonwork Role Conflict and Job-Related Outcomes: Some Unanticipated Findings

This study investigated the relationship between multiple dimensions of work/nonwork role conflict andfour personal and job-related outcomes. It was predicted that the work! nonwork role conflict variables would be negatively related to job and life satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. Results indicated that various aspects of role conflict are significantly related to work outcomes, but not always in the expected fashion. Specifically, conflict between job andfamily roles was negatively associated with satisfaction measures as predicted, but was positively related to job involvement and organizational commitment. The findings suggest that certain job-related attitudes may result in increased levels of interrole conflict. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
3D surface inspection using coupled HMMs

This paper proposes coupled hidden Markov models (CHMM) for analysis of steel surfaces containing three-dimensional flaws. Due to scale on the surface, the reflection property across the intact surface changes and intensity imaging fails. Hence, the light sectioning method is used to acquire the surface range data. The steel block is vibrating on the conveyor during data acquisition which complicates the task. After depth map recovery and feature extraction, segments of the surface are classified by means of CHMMs. We present classification results of the CHMM and compare them to the naive Bayes classifier. The CHMM outperforms the naive Bayes approach.
Serum proteome profiling detects myelodysplastic syndromes and identifies CXC chemokine ligands 4 and 7 as markers for advanced disease

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are among the most frequent hematologic malignancies. Patients have a short survival and often progress to acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis of MDS can be difficult; there is a paucity of molecular markers, and the pathophysiology is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study investigating whether serum proteome profiling may serve as a noninvasive platform to discover novel molecular markers for MDS. We generated serum proteome profiles from 218 individuals by MS and identified a profile that distinguishes MDS from non-MDS cytopenias in a learning sample set. This profile was validated by testing its ability to predict MDS in a first independent validation set and a second, prospectively collected, independent validation set run 5 months apart. Accuracy was 80.5% in the first and 79.0% in the second validation set. Peptide mass fingerprinting and quadrupole TOF MS identified two differential proteins: CXC chemokine ligands 4 (CXCL4) and 7 (CXCL7), both of which had significantly decreased serum levels in MDS, as confirmed with independent antibody assays. Western blot analyses of platelet lysates for these two platelet-derived molecules revealed a lack of CXCL4 and CXCL7 in MDS. Subtype analyses revealed that these two proteins have decreased serum levels in advanced MDS, suggesting the possibility of a concerted disturbance of transcription or translation of these chemokines in advanced MDS.
Incentives for Truthful Evaluations

We consider crowdsourcing problems where the users are asked to provide evaluations for items; the user evaluations are then used directly, or aggregated into a consensus value. Lacking an incentive scheme, users have no motive in making effort in completing the evaluations, providing inaccurate answers instead. We propose incentive schemes that are truthful and cheap: truthful as the optimal user behavior consists in providing accurate evaluations, and cheap because the truthfulness is achieved with little overhead cost. We consider both discrete evaluation tasks, where an evaluation can be done either correctly, or incorrectly, with no degrees of approximation in between, and quantitative evaluation tasks, where evaluations are real numbers, and the error is measured as distance from the correct value. For both types of tasks, we propose hierarchical incentive schemes that can be effected with a small amount of additional evaluations, and that scale to arbitrarily large crowd sizes: they have the property that the strength of the incentive does not weaken with increasing hierarchy depth. Interestingly, we show that for these schemes to work, the only requisite is that workers know their place in the hierarchy in advance.
Ambiguity in Semantically Related Word Substitutions: an investigation in historical Bible translations

Text reuse is a common way to transfer historical texts. It refers to the repetition of text in a new context and ranges from near-verbatim (literal) and para-phrasal reuse to completely non-literal reuse (e.g., allusions or translations). To improve the detection of reuse in historical texts, we need to better understand its characteristics. In this work, we investigate the relationship be-tween para-phrasal reuse and word senses. Speciﬁcally, we investigate the conjecture that words with ambiguous word senses are less prone to replacement in para-phrasal text reuse. Our corpus comprises three historical English Bibles, one of which has previously been annotated with word senses. We perform an automated word-sense disambiguation based on supervised learning. By investigating our conjecture we strive to understand whether unambiguous words are rather used for word replacements when a text reuse happens, and consequently, could serve as a discriminating feature for reuse detection.
Duality Theory and Organizing Forms in Change Management

This paper employs the results from a survey of organizing forms in Australia's largest public companies between 2000–2004 to demonstrate the salience of duality theory in change management. The survey sought to identify trends in forms of organizing and the extent to which the uptake of new forms led to a decrease in traditional forms of organizing as measured across the organizational dimensions of structures, processes and boundaries. The results indicate that the key coordinating and control features of traditional bureaucracy continue to play an essential role, providing stability and ensuring accountability, uniformity and quality. However, managing the ambiguities of a rapidly changing and volatile environment is beyond bureaucracy's traditional repertoire of routines. More flexible, responsive forms of organizing, able to cope with change and uncertainty, are required. That these new, more flexible forms can operate successfully within larger, bureaucratic structures testifies that bureaucracies are dynamic entities, able to adapt and accommodate new forms of organizing. Duality theory is operationalized in terms of five duality characteristics, employed as principles to explain the composition and balance of traditional and new forms of organizing that was observed empirically. The paper culminates with the proposition that a dualities aware perspective offers a potential way forward in managing the balance between what have traditionally been viewed as the contradictory forces of continuity and change.