Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hematological Disorders following Gastric Bypass Surgery: Emerging Concepts of the Interplay between Nutritional Deficiency and Inflammation

Obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome are among the most common and detrimental metabolic diseases of the modern era, affecting over 50% of the adult population in the United States. Surgeries designed to promote weight loss, known as bariatric surgery, typically involve a gastric bypass procedure and have shown high success rates for treating morbid obesity. However, following gastric bypass surgery, many patients develop chronic anemia, most commonly due to iron deficiency. Deficiencies of vitamins B1, B12, folate, A, K, D, and E and copper have also been reported after surgery. Copper deficiency can cause hematological abnormalities with or without neurological complications. Despite oral supplementation and normal serum concentrations of iron, copper, folate, and vitamin B12, some patients present with persistent anemia after surgery. The evaluation of hematologic disorders after gastric bypass surgery must take into account issues unique to the postsurgery setting that influence the development of anemia and other cytopenias. In this paper, the clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis of the hematological disorders associated with gastric bypass surgery are reviewed, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are discussed.
A novel hybrid routing model for wireless grain depot surveillance system

The sensor nodes of a wireless grain depot surveillance system are deployed in crystal grids, which provide lot of valid position information. To avoid the energy consumption unbalance of the single hop routing model adopted by LEACH protocol, a novel hybrid routing model is proposed in this paper. Multi-hop routing is introduced into the distant field nodes through right angle transferring of approximate equivalence consumption path. And the average energy consumption is used as a threshold of selecting intermediate transferring nodes to minimize total variance of node's energy consumption, so that balance the whole network. Simulations show that the hybrid model eliminates hot spots within cluster and prolong the lifetime of WSN.
A Model of the Cognitive and Perceptual Processes in Graphical Display Comprehension

The Model Graphs are used extensively to facilitate the communication and comprehension of quantitative information, perhaps because they seem to exploit natural properties of our visual system such as the ability to process large amounts of information in parallel. Rather than a holistic pattern recognition process, however, research has found that graph comprehension is a complex, interactive process akin to text comprehension. Viewers form a mental model of the quantitative information displayed in the graph through serial, iterative cycles of identifying and relating the graphic patterns to associated variables. Furthermore, graph comprehension is not only constrained by bottom-up perceptual features of the graphical display, but is also influenced by top-down factors such as the viewer’s expectations about, or familiarity with, the graph’s content. Finally, individual differences in graph comprehension skill interact with top-down and bottomup influences such that highly skilled graph viewers are less influenced by both the bottom up visual characteristics, and the top-down semantic content.
Classification Model for Query Logs Based on Intent Mining

As a new kind of social media, query log gains mass size of users and data. It's easy for people to post on query log. Also, the posts spread fast and can be easily seen by many other users. For the reasons above, users post various and large number contents on query log. Among these posts, we find numerous posts that express authors purchase wish for a certain product, in other words, consumption intention. These posts with consumption intention are of great research value and commercial value.
A correction corrected: consensus over the meaning of Crocodylia and why it matters.

1 Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 2Jackson School of Geoscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 3Departement Histoire de la Terre, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 5134, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France; ^Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; and 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; * Correspondence to be sent to: Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, I A 52242, USA; E-mail: chris-brochu@uiowa.edu.
Post Disaster Recovery Challenges In Sri Lanka i Post disaster recovery challenges in Sri Lanka

Disasters are now considered to be one of the biggest obstacles to sustainable development and the social security of nations. Sri Lanka is prone to natural disasters such as floods, landslides and drought. In December 2004, Sri Lanka was hit by a Tsunami that affected it severely. Recovery is therefore a momentous challenge for those with less experience in large scale post disaster reconstruction. In this research paper, factors causing delays in the housing reconstruction programme in Sri Lanka and related issues are addressed. Data was gathered through interviews with government organizations, NGOs and affected communities. The findings reveal various reasons for the prolonged post Tsunami reconstruction and the disturbances caused in the smooth flow of reconstruction process through certain gaps in it. Inconsistencies in post Tsunami housing policy, land titles, government lack of planning and recovery strategies, and the enforcement of a buffer zone are the main factors affecting post Tsunami housing reconstruction programmes in Sri Lanka.
Some differentiation formulas for Legendre polynomials

In a series of recent works, we have provided a number of explicit expressions for the derivative of the associated Legendre function of the first kind with respect to its degree, $[\partial P_{\nu}^{m}(z)/\partial\nu]_{\nu=n}$, with $m,n\in\mathbb{N}$. In this communication, we use some of those expressions to obtain several, we believe new, explicit formulas for the derivatives $\mathrm{d}^{m}[P_{n}(z)\ln(z\pm1)]/\mathrm{d}z^{m}$, where $P_{n}(z)$ is the Legendre polynomial.
Design methodology and advances in nested-Miller compensation

The nested Miller compensation of three-stage amplifiers is reviewed by using a simple design-oriented approach. The method provides stable amplifiers by accurately controlling the overall phase margin as well as that of the internal loop. Furthermore, the use of nulling resistors to remove the RHP zeros is discussed and optimization criteria are described. A novel technique is presented which allows an amplifier's frequency and settling performance to be greatly improved without increasing power consumption. Thanks to the small compensation capacitors employed, the approach is amenable for integration and in particular where large load capacitors have to be driven. SPICE simulations based on a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS design are given and found in remarkable agreement with the theoretical analysis.
Prodrugs in Cardiovascular Therapy

Prodrugs are biologically inactive derivatives of an active drug intended to solve certain problems of the parent drug such as toxicity, instability, minimal solubility and non-targeting capabilities. The majority of drugs for cardiovascular diseases undergo first-pass metabolism, resulting in drug inactivation and generation of toxic metabolites, which makes them appealing targets for prodrug design. Since prodrugs undergo a chemical reaction to form the parent drug once inside the body, this makes them very effective in controlling the release of a variety of compounds to the targeted site. This review will provide the reader with an insight on the latest developments of prodrugs that are available for treating a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we will focus on several drug delivery methodologies that have merged with the prodrug approach to provide enhanced target specificity and controlled drug release with minimal side effects.
Tradeoffs, Delegation, and Fiscal-Monetary Coordination in a Developing Economy

Strategic interaction between fiscal and monetary authorities and economic agents, can lead to the creation of more populism than is socially optimal. The tradeoffs through which this occurs, important for a populous democracy with a large number of poor, is that between populism and growth. This has not received much analytical attention. We derive this tradeoff from microfoundations (i) and show that a Nash equilibrium will occur with a level of populism higher than the optimal; fiscal and monetary interaction will lead to output below feasible levels, (ii) specify the conditions on which the results depend, (iii) discuss stabilisation possibilities, and (iv) show that optimal delegation to a pro-growth monetary authority and a conservative fiscal authority would lower populism and inflation, while keeping growth at sustainable levels. Last, the model is used to interpret Indian macroeconomic performance.
The Experience of Agency

The experience of agency refers to the experience of being in control both of one's own actions and, through them, of events in the external world. Recent experimental studies have investigated how people recognise a particular event as being caused by their own action or by that of another person. These studies suggest that people match sensory inputs to a prediction based on the action they are performing. Other studies have contrasted voluntary actions to physically similar but passive body movements. These studies suggest that voluntary action triggers wide-ranging changes in the spatial and temporal experience not only of one's own body but also of external events. Prediction and monitoring of the consequences of one's own motor commands produces characteristic experiences that form our normal, everyday feeling of being in control of our life. We conclude by discussing the implications of recent psychological work for our notions of responsibility for action.
The Evaluation of Otilonium Bromide Treatment in Asian Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background/Aims Antispasmodics including otilonium bromide (OB) are recommended to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, reports about OB experience in Asia is sparse. The purpose of present study was to provide the efficacy of OB in treating Asian IBS patients. Methods Overall, 117 IBS patients meeting Rome II criteria were enrolled in an 8-week, double-blind, active-controlled and single center trial. Randomized participants received either OB 40 mg or mebeverine 100 mg 3 doses daily. The primary endpoints were to evaluate the net changes of abdominal pain/discomfort frequency score (APDFS) and safety profile, while the secondary endpoints were to assess the changes in abdominal pain/discomfort intensity, flatulence, abdominal bloating, satisfied stool frequency etc. Results Finally, 49 OB and 52 mebeverine subjects were eligible for efficacy analysis. Compared to baselines in per protocol populations, the reduced APDFSs in OB and mebeverine were 0.55 ± 1.20 (P = 0.011) and 0.37 ± 1.11 (P = 0.042), respectively, to show similarly reduced scores. The most reported side effects included dry mouth, nausea and dizziness. Besides, the improved APDFSs at 4th week visit, final alleviations in abdominal pain intensity, flatulence, abdominal bloating and satisfied stool frequency with global assessments filled by both patients and investigators were significantly achieved by both treatments, and OB was not inferior to mebeverine in treating these parameters. Conclusions In Orientals, OB is as effective as mebeverine for alleviating IBS symptoms in terms of abdominal pain, flatulence, abdominal bloating etc. However, obvious side effects are also observed. A large-scaled trial and post-marketing surveillance are recommended to confirm its efficacy and safety.
New Strategy of Lossy Text Compression

This paper proposes a new strategy that is based on the signal processing tools applied to text compression of files namely, the wavelet transform and the fourier transform. The influence of compression size and threshold of wavelet filters and the fourier transform as well as two parameters: families of wavelet filters and decomposition levels, on compression factor of text files are investigated. The experimental results are shown that the wavelet and the fourier transforms are suitable for lossy text compression with non-stationary text signal files. In addition, the fourier transform is the most suitable with files which have same characters such as aaa.txt and aaaa.txt files. However, the results of wavelet and fourier transforms are loss less text compression with stationary text signal files (aaa.txt and aaaa.txt files). This research also represents a step forwards dealing with both images and text compression i.e. multimedia compression.
A tale of two cities: case studies of GSS transition in two organizations

Research shows that, under certain circumstances, people using GSS can be substantially more productive than people who do not. However GSS has been slow to transition into the workplace. This paper argues that the technology transition model (TTM) may be a useful way to explain this seeming paradox. The paper presents a comparison of GSS transition case studies in two organizations - one where a self-sustaining and growing community of users emerged, and one where it did not. Following TTM, it explores the frequency with which users perceived cognitive, economic, affective, political, social, and physical value from using the system. Comparison of the cases reveals differences in perceptions of value along several of these dimensions that are consistent with TTM. The findings suggest the model may be a useful way to explain organizational change, but much more research is required to test the model more rigorously.
Scaling Genetic Programming for Source Code Modification

In Search Based Software Engineering, Genetic Programming has been used for bug fixing, performance improvement and parallelisation of programs through the modification of source code. Where an evolutionary computation algorithm, such as Genetic Programming, is to be applied to similar code manipulation tasks, the complexity and size of source code for real-world software poses a scalability problem. To address this, we intend to inspect how the Software Engineering concepts of modularity, granularity and localisation of change can be reformulated as additional mechanisms within a Genetic Programming algorithm.
What's in a Name? Hotelling's Valuation Principle and Business School Namings

Almost 50 prominent business schools were "named" in the 1980s and 1990s, in exchange for sizable donations. We view this as an interesting example of the exhaustible resource market examined in Hotelling (1931). Schools face a trade-off that involves a possible benefit from waiting (to receive a larger gift) against the (opportunity) cost of delay. We find schools wait to accept a name until the annualized rate of increase in offered gifts is around 5%, in keeping with Hotelling's principle and a market in school names. We also find, generally, lower-ranked schools receive smaller gifts and delay their namings longer.
Reactive Nodular Fibrous Pseudotumor: Case Report and Review of the Literature

We will describe a case of a patient diagnosed with a rare identity of a benign lesion, “reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor” (RNFP). It is a tumor which preoperatively can present as a malignant tumor and is only reported in 19 cases. According to the very limited amount of information on this tumor in the literature it is mostly seen after trauma or intraperitoneal inflammation. Our case is the second one of RNFP associated with endometriosis, which is a frequently seen intraperitoneal inflammation process in women. Knowledge that these large pseudotumoral lesions can occur is important to direct the management of these patients.
Influence of amifostine on the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer patients: a pilot study.

Preclinical studies suggest that amifostine could protect against toxicities induced by taxoids. We conducted a clinical and pharmacokinetic pilot study to assess the feasibility and toxicity of the docetaxel plus amifostine combination and the absence of influence of amifostine on docetaxel pharmacokinetics. We included 18 previously treated women with metastatic breast cancer (median age, 58.5 years; range, 34-74) in this single-center study. They were to receive a first course of docetaxel at 100 mg/m(2) i.v. as a 1-h infusion, then subsequent courses of docetaxel at 100 mg/m(2) preceded by amifostine at 910 mg/m(2) given as a 15-min i.v. infusion. Treatment was given every 3 weeks until disease progression or occurrence of unacceptable toxicity. We focused on neutrophils nadir (NN), time to nadir occurrence, and time to recovery of a neutrophil count >2 x 10(9)/liter, means of which were compared between cycle 1 and each of the other cycles by paired Student's t test. The total number of administered cycles was 84 (median number/patient, 4; range, 1-8). One patient received only the first course of docetaxel and was therefore not evaluable for amifostine effect. Neutropenia grade >2 occurred in 16 patients and was febrile in only 1. Other hematological and nonhematological toxicities were mild and manageable. Amifostine had no obvious influence on docetaxel-induced myelotoxicity as expressed by NN, time to nadir occurrence, and time to recovery. The mean NN (1 x 10(6)/liter) was 345 (18 patients) for cycle 1, then 318 (17 patients), 330 (13 patients), 340 (11 patients), 470 (8 patients), 200 (8 patients), 680 (5 patients), and 545 (4 patients) for cycles 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively (P >0.2). Individual pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of docetaxel estimated in 11 patients undergoing blood sampling showed no influence of amifostine on the PK profile of docetaxel. Mean clearances (liter/h/m(2)) and peak concentration (C(peak); ng/ml) were 29.9 at cycle 1 versus 32.8 at cycle 2 (not significant) and 2849.9 at cycle 1 versus 2542.5 at cycle 2 (not significant), respectively. The population analysis including those 11 patients and 49 additional patients receiving docetaxel in other studies confirmed those findings. This study does not support evidence for amifostine cytoprotection against docetaxel-induced myelosuppression and shows that there is no major influence of amifostine on docetaxel PK parameters. For the other toxicities, which are usually cumulative, the present study has design limitations and further comparative trials are warranted.
Security loans at banks and nonbanks: Regulation U

Over the years, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has established margin regulations to limit purpose loans by banks and nonbanks to broker-dealers or other borrowers. In this study, the author reviews those regulations affecting security lending by banks and nonbanks. He examines data on security loans during the 1920s and 1930s, as well as in recent years, noting that security lending by banks and borrowing by broker-dealers often diverge-the popular notion that the two are tightly linked is not correct-and that during the 1920s the volume of loans by banks to brokers may have been driven less by margin loans than by new issues of stocks and bonds by corporations. Also, during the 1928-29 episode, security loans by nonbank lenders, domestic and foreign, became increasingly important. The author points out that these observations have recent parallels. ; The author also looks at the credit absorption hypothesis popular in the 1930s, which argues that margin loans diverted credit from legitimate business uses to speculation, thereby weakening the financial positions of businesses. While the credit absorption view suggests that an increase in bank security loans should result in higher business loan rates relative to other short-term interest rates, the author finds no such effect. He concludes that the recent evidence suggests no credit absorption from bank security loans.
El sistema nacional de innovación mexicano: estructuras, políticas, desempeño y desafíos

There is growing recognition that innovation plays a key role in enhancing competitiveness and enable emerging economies catch up with rich countries. In this sense, Mexico needs to strengthen its national innovation system (NIS) in order to create wealth and reduce poverty and inequality. This book addresses these issues through a comprehensive analysis of the Mexican NIS, which integrates a micro with a macro perspective. Particular attention is paid to the role of institutions, the agents' behavior and interaction among agents. Presents an interesting analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of policies for science, technology and innovation (STI) implemented in Mexico in the last decade. From an approach that combines analytical and practical issues of STI policy, this book is of interest to a broad audience, including those working in fields related to innovation studies, development economics, policy CTI and technology management
Using back-propagation networks to assess several image representation schemes for object recognition

Summary form only given, as follows. Two chapters of research are presented. The first constitutes a demonstration that backpropagation networks can be used as a content addressable memory for visual objects represented within digitized real-world images. For networks encoding two or three classes of traffic signs, classification generalization is demonstrated for objects at new positions on the image frame and also for new instances of a trained class of object. The new instance may even be a somewhat degraded representation. Given this optimistic introduction, the work evolves into a second, more comparative chapter. In this further probe, packpropagation networks are used as content addressable memories with which to determine the relative value of several different visual object representation schemes. These representation schemes are tested along multiple parameters to deduce the efficacy of the scheme itself, and the influence of network parameter changes on the learning and categorization of objects. <<ETX>>
Performance based Reliable Data Communication Analysis on TCP , UDP by varying nodes , mobility speed and zone radius over ZRP

ZRP is a hybrid routing protocol for ad hoc networks. ZRP combines the best features of proactive and reactive routing protocols to balance the control overhead on Ad Hoc Networks. This paper presents performance based reliable data communication analysis on TCP, UDP by varying nodes, zone radius and mobility speed Over ZRP. The environment has been simulated by NS2.33 simulator. The objective of our work is to analyze that at what speed and by taking how much zone radius, ZRP will be able to provide reliable data communication support for Mobile Ad hoc Networks.