Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Web-scale classification with naive bayes

Traditional Naive Bayes Classifier performs miserably on web-scale taxonomies. In this paper, we investigate the reasons behind such bad performance. We discover that the low performance are not completely caused by the intrinsic limitations of Naive Bayes, but mainly comes from two largely ignored problems: contradiction pair problem and discriminative evidence cancelation problem. We propose modifications that can alleviate the two problems while preserving the advantages of Naive Bayes. The experimental results show our modified Naive Bayes can significantly improve the performance on real web-scale taxonomies.
Using sparse coding for landmark localization in facial expressions

In this article we address the issue of adopting a local sparse coding representation (Histogram of Sparse Codes), in a part-based framework for inferring the locations of facial landmarks. The rationale behind this approach is that unsupervised learning of sparse code dictionaries from face data can be an effective approach to cope with such a challenging problem. Results obtained on the CMU Multi-PIE Face dataset are presented providing support for this approach.
A new low power transconductor for Gm-C filters

Low power operation is one of the main goals of modern IC design. In this paper power efficiency of several transconductors is presented and a new low power transconductor is proposed. The proposed transconductor is used to design a 4/sup th/ order Gm-C bandpass filter with 3 MHz center frequency and 1 MHz bandwidth. The filter is implemented in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, consumes 1 mW from a 2.5 V supply and has 61 dB dynamic range.
Fixation of skin flaps by subcutaneous sutures in radical mastectomy.

Fixation of the skin to the chest wall and axillary fossa by means of subcutaneous sutures after radical amputation of the breast significantly decreases the morbidity of this operation. It has been long recognized by plastic surgeons that skin must be held securely in place if optimum healing is to be obtained. Following breast amputation, this has been a problem because of the almost constant motion of the chest wall and the depth and irregularity of the axillary fossa. Fixation of the skin to the chest wall and axilla by pressure alone has been only partially successful, although ingenious methods of applying external pressure have been employed. Halsted, in 1913, advocated fixation of the skin over the axillary vessels by suturing the skin edge to the deep structures. The covering flap was made short, so that the edge was sutured "to the fascia just below the first rib in such
The development of the School-Age Temperament Inventory.

The purpose of this study was to develop the School-Age Temperament Inventory (SATI) as a parental report of children ages 8-11 years. Based on previous studies of temperament in children, four empirically derived dimensions were proposed: task persistence, negative reactivity, approach/withdrawal, and energy. Parent informants included 435 mothers and 228 of their spouses. Principal factor analysis with varimax rotation supported, in general, the empirically derived dimensions. The validity and reliability of the SATI was then evaluated. Cronbach's alphas were . 85 to.90. Correlations between maternal and paternal reports were.51 to.68. Test-retest reliability was.80 to.89. The impact of gender and age was minimal. Convergent validity was evaluated by comparing the SATI with another temperament questionnaire designed for preschool children. Although continued development is recommended, the SATI appears to have adequate validity and reliability for use in research and structured parenting programs.
Effects of Natalizumab on Circulating B Cells, T Regulatory Cells and Natural Killer Cells

Background: Natalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against very late activation antigen 4 (VLA-4) and has a potent effect on disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Blockade of VLA-4 with natalizumab may not only interfere with autoimmunological mechanisms but also with central nervous system immune surveillance. Methods: Longitudinal ex vivo and in vitro study to determine the effect of natalizumab on the frequency of distinct immune cells and on the frequency and suppressive function of natural CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Results: Natalizumab binding to VLA-4 was more marked for B cells than for T cells (49% reduction in VLA-4-expressing B cells compared to 24.5% reduction of T cells). There was an increase in circulating B cells over T cells (2.6 vs. 1.5 fold, p < 0.001). Natural killer cells increased 1.5-fold (p = 0.01). Natalizumab led to a relative decrease in CD4+CD25+ Tregs from 18.9 to 14.1% (p = 0.04). The impaired suppressive capacity of Tregs was not restored. Conclusion: Natalizumab reduces VLA-4 expression on all investigated immune cells, but changes were most marked for B cells. Further differential effects on immune cells may be relevant to opportunistic central nervous system infections during treatment with natalizumab.
Roles of the Nkx3.1 homeobox gene in prostate organogenesis and carcinogenesis

Although it is often presumed that the molecular pathways that underlie normal organogenesis are similar to those perturbed during carcinogenesis, few examples exist of tissue‐specific regulatory genes that play central roles in both processes. In the case of the prostate gland, molecular genetic analyses have demonstrated that the Nkx3.1 homeobox gene plays an important role in normal differentiation of the prostatic epithelium and that its loss of function is an initiating event in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, the Nkx3.1 homeobox gene provides a paradigm for understanding the relationship between normal differentiation and cancer, as well as a model for studying the roles of homeobox genes in these processes. Here, we review recent findings concerning the biological as well as biochemical function of this central regulator of prostate development and carcinogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 228:767–778, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Range Similarity Measures Between Buyers and Sellers in e-Marketplaces

Price is the omnipresent factor that determines buyers’ and sellers’ decision-making when trading products in real and virtual marketplaces. However, since a fixed price can often lead to unsuccessful transactions, in practice market players normally have price ranges in their minds, which imply some concessions when finding potential buyer-seller matches. In this paper, we propose a price-range similarity measure that is justified by price-range overlaps between buyers and sellers in several possible cases. Working independently, our price-range similarity measure provides a buyer (seller) with a list of ranked sellers (buyers) according to their price-range similarity values. Embedded into a similarity algorithm, our price-range similarity measure contributes, in a controllable way, to the overall similarity measures of products/services.
Long‐Term Follow‐up Study of 13 Autistic Children

Abstract: This is a report concerning 13 autistic children who have been followed up from their early infancy to adulthood. Some intake variables, such as speech development at the age of 5, were correlated with the outcome status. As a result, we showed that a higher level of speech development at age 5 did not necessarily lead to a better outcome in social adaptability. We showed also that any of the variables we examined, such as the presence of brain organic abnormality, the duration of schooling and the duration of medical treatment, were not factors in determining a good or poor prognosis. We concluded that a rather poor outcome seen in our subjects might be due to the particular situation in Japan throughout this study period, and not a reflection of the real natural history of early infantile autism.
Robust spectrum sensing based on statistical tests

Spectrum sensing, in particular, detecting the presence of licensed or incumbent users in licensed spectrum, is one of the pivotal tasks in cognitive radio network. In this study, the authors tackle the spectrum sensing problem by using statistical test theory and derive novel spectrum sensing approaches. The authors apply the classical Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test under the assumption that the noise probability distribution is known. However, as in practice, the exact noise distribution is unknown, a sensing method for Gaussian noise with unknown noise power is proposed in this article and referred to t -sensing. The proposed sensing scheme is asymptotically robust and can be applied to non-Gaussian noise distributions. A closed form equation determining the miss-detection probability for the t -sensing is derived. The authors compare with the performance of our sensing algorithms with the energy detector and Anderson-Darling (AD) sensing methods proposed in literature. Simulation results show that the proposed sensing methods outperform both ED- and AD-based sensing, especially for the case when the received signal-to-noise ratio is low.
The foundations of mind

A pool of liquid cesium is spaced apart from a collector in an enclosed vessel. A laser beam is directed to the liquid cesium pool. The beam is focused to provide sufficient laser power density at the liquid cesium surface to vaporize some of the liquid cesium and ionize the vaporized cesium, and thereby form cesium ions and free electrons. The work function of the collector is different from that of cesium. When the work function is higher, the formed ions are attracted to the collector and the electrons are attracted by the liquid cesium, while the electrons and ions are respectively attracted by the collector and liquid cesium respectively when the work function of the collector is less than that of cesium. Thus, a potential difference is generated by the liquid cesium pool and the collector, sufficient to apply electric power to a load. The collector is held at a higher temperature than the liquid cesium to repel any neutralized cesium ions at the collector surface and any vaporized cesium atoms which are not ionized by the laser beam from the collector in order to facilitate the flow of ions or electrons thereto.
Slow Pyrolysis Temperature and Duration Effects on Fuel Properties of Food Rice Waste Bio-Char

In this study, to convert high moisture content waste into bio-char, slow pyrolysis of cooked rice waste was proposed. The effects of temperature and duration of slow pyrolysis of cooked rice waste on the fuel properties of the biochar produced were investigated, namely the carbon content and energy density. The cooked rice waste was dried overnight at 80°C prior to pyrolysis to reduce moisture content. The carbon content was measured by using Thermo Finnigan Flash EA 1112 Series Elemental Analyser CHNS-O. Energy density was measured by using IKA Works C—5000 Control bomb calorimeter. Results demonstrated that pyrolysed rice waste at 250°C and 4 hour duration had the highest carbon content (60.30%). Moreover, the calorific values for pyrolysed cooked rice wastes demonstrated that biochar derived from cooked rice waste could be a promising alternative renewable energy source.
Prediction of active nodes in the transcriptional network of neural tube patterning

A transcriptional network governs patterning in the developing spinal cord. As the developmental program runs, the levels of sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors (SSTFs) in each progenitor cell type change to ultimately define a set of postmitotic populations with combinatorial codes of expressed SSTFs. A network description of the neural tube (NT) transcriptional patterning process will require definition of nodes (SSTFs and target enhancers) and edges (interactions between nodes). There are 1,600 SSTF nodes in a given mammalian genome. To limit the complexity of a network description, it will be useful to discriminate between active and passive SSTF nodes. We define active SSTF nodes as those that are differentially expressed within the system. Our system, the developing NT, was partitioned into two pools of genetically defined populations by using flow sorting. Microarray comparisons across the partition led to an estimate of 500–700 active SSTF nodes in the transcriptional network of the developing NT. These included most of the 66 known SSTFs assembled from review articles and recent reports on NT patterning. Empirical cutoffs based on the performance of knowns were used to identify 188 further active SSTFs nodes that performed similarly. The general utility and limitations of the population-partitioning paradigm are discussed.
Vaidya: A Spoken Dialog System for Health Domain

In this paper, we introduce Vaidya, a spoken dialog system which is developed as part of the ITRA 1 project. The system is capable of providing an approximate diagnosis by accepting symptoms as free-form speech in real-time on both laptop and hand-held devices. The system focuses on challenges in speech recognition speciﬁc to Indian languages and capturing the intent of the user. Another challenge is to create models which are memory and CPU efﬁcient for hand-held devices. We describe our progress, experiences and approaches in building the system that can handle English as the input speech. The system is evaluated using subjective statistical measure (Fleiss’ kappa) to assess the usability of the system.
Progression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and risk of heart failure.

CONTEXT Heart failure incidence increases with advancing age, and approximately half of patients with heart failure have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Although diastolic dysfunction plays a role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, little is known about age-dependent longitudinal changes in diastolic function in community populations. OBJECTIVE To measure changes in diastolic function over time and to determine the relationship between diastolic dysfunction and the risk of subsequent heart failure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based cohort of participants enrolled in the Olmsted County Heart Function Study. Randomly selected participants 45 years or older (N = 2042) underwent clinical evaluation, medical record abstraction, and echocardiography (examination 1 [1997-2000]). Diastolic left ventricular function was graded as normal, mild, moderate, or severe by validated Doppler techniques. After 4 years, participants were invited to return for examination 2 (2001-2004). The cohort of participants returning for examination 2 (n = 1402 of 1960 surviving [72%]) then underwent follow-up for ascertainment of new-onset heart failure (2004-2010). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in diastolic function grade and incident heart failure. RESULTS During the 4 (SD, 0.3) years between examinations 1 and 2, diastolic dysfunction prevalence increased from 23.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.2%-26.4%) to 39.2% (95% CI, 36.3%-42.2%) (P < .001). Diastolic function grade worsened in 23.4% (95% CI, 20.9%-26.0%) of participants, was unchanged in 67.8% (95% CI, 64.8%-70.6%), and improved in 8.8% (95% CI, 7.1%-10.5%). Worsened diastolic dysfunction was associated with age 65 years or older (odds ratio, 2.85 [95% CI, 1.77-4.72]). During 6.3 (SD, 2.3) years of additional follow-up, heart failure occurred in 2.6% (95% CI, 1.4%-3.8%), 7.8% (95% CI, 5.8%-13.0%), and 12.2% (95% CI, 8.5%-18.4%) of persons whose diastolic function normalized or remained normal, remained or progressed to mild dysfunction, or remained or progressed to moderate or severe dysfunction, respectively (P < .001). Diastolic dysfunction was associated with incident heart failure after adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease (hazard ratio, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.01-3.48]). CONCLUSIONS In a population-based cohort undergoing 4 years of follow-up, prevalence of diastolic dysfunction increased. Diastolic dysfunction was associated with development of heart failure during 6 years of subsequent follow-up.
LARGE-SCALE DYNAMOS AT LOW MAGNETIC PRANDTL NUMBERS

Using direct simulations of hydromagnetic turbulence driven by random polarized waves it is shown that dynamo action is possible over a wide range of magnetic Prandtl numbers from 10−3 to 1. Triply periodic boundary conditions are being used. In the final saturated state the resulting magnetic field has a large-scale component of Beltrami type. For the kinematic phase, growth rates have been determined for magnetic Prandtl numbers between 0.01 and 1, but only the case with the smallest magnetic Prandtl number shows large-scale magnetic fields. It is less organized than in the nonlinear stage. For small magnetic Prandtl numbers the growth rates are comparable to those calculated from an alpha squared mean-field dynamo. In the linear regime the magnetic helicity spectrum has a short inertial range compatible with a −5/3 power law, while in the nonlinear regime it is the current helicity whose spectrum may be compatible with such a law. In the saturated case, the spectral magnetic energy in the inertial range is in slight excess over the spectral kinetic energy, although for small magnetic Prandtl numbers the magnetic energy spectrum reaches its resistive cut off wavenumber more quickly. The viscous energy dissipation declines with the square root of the magnetic Prandtl number, which implies that most of the energy is dissipated via Joule heat.
Public Magnetic Field Exposure Based on Internal Current Density for Electric Low Voltage Systems

A measurement concept utilizing a new magnetic field exposure metering system has been developed for indoor substations where voltage is transformed from a medium voltage of 10 or 20 kV to a low voltage of 400 V. The new metering system follows the guidelines published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. It can be used to measure magnetic field values, total harmonic distortion of the magnetic field, magnetic field exposure ratios for public and workers, load current values, and total harmonic distortion of the load current. This paper demonstrates how exposure to non-sinusoidal magnetic fields and magnetic flux density exposure values can be compared directly with limit values for internal current densities in a human body. Further, we present how the magnetic field and magnetic field exposure behaves in the vicinity of magnetic field sources within the indoor substation and in the neighborhood. Measured magnetic fields around the substation components have been used to develop a measurement concept by which long-term measurements in the substations were performed. Long-term measurements revealed interesting and partly unexpected dependencies between the measured quantities, which have been further analyzed. The principle of this paper is to substitute a demanding exposure measurement with measurements of the basic quantities like the 50 Hz fundamental magnetic field component, which can be estimated based on the load currents for certain classes of substation lay-out.
AN ALTERATION IN TUMOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY INDUCED BY NEURAMINIDASE

The TA3 tumor is characterized by a heavy sialomucin cell surface coating demonstrable by specific histochemical staining. Enzymatic removal of sialic acid from the tumor cells resulted in an apparent increase in the specificity of this tumor. With neuraminidase treatment, 3000 TA3 cells produced lethal takes in only 6 ± 4% of allogeneic C3H hosts, compared with 56 ± 5% lethal takes observed in untreated C3H controls. Simple destruction of tumor cells by neuraminidase was unlikely since syngeneic strain A hosts regularly became distended after tumor injection although regression often occurred later. Nonspecific stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system was also unlikely since treatment of hosts with complete Freund's adjuvant was ineffective. Studies of tumor rejectors showed that a solid immunity could be obtained to an earlier, more specific TA3 line but could not be achieved with the nonspecific TA3 line. Results obtained so far are consistent with an explanation in terms of masking of isoantigens at the tumor cell surface with sialomucin.
Regulation of Gonad Morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by BTB Family Transcription Factors

During embryogenesis, primordial germ cells (PGCs) and somatic gonadal precursor cells (SGPs) migrate and coalesce to form the early gonad. A failure of the PGCs and SGPs to form a gonad with the proper architecture not only affects germ cell development, but can also lead to infertility. Therefore, it is critical to identify the molecular mechanisms that function within both the PGCs and SGPs to promote gonad morphogenesis. We have characterized the phenotypes of two genes, longitudinals lacking (lola) and ribbon (rib), that are required for the coalescence and compaction of the embryonic gonad in Drosophila melanogaster. rib and lola are expressed in the SGPs of the developing gonad, and genetic interaction analysis suggests these proteins cooperate to regulate gonad development. Both genes encode proteins with DNA binding motifs and a conserved protein-protein interaction domain, known as the Broad complex, Tramtrack, Bric-à-brac (BTB) domain. Through molecular modeling and yeast-two hybrid studies, we demonstrate that Rib and Lola homo- and heterodimerize via their BTB domains. In addition, analysis of the colocalization of Rib and Lola with marks of transcriptional activation and repression on polytene chromosomes reveals that Rib and Lola colocalize with both repressive and activating marks and with each other. While previous studies have identified Rib and Lola targets in other tissues, we find that Rib and Lola are likely to function via different downstream targets in the gonad. These results suggest that Rib and Lola act as dual-function transcription factors to cooperatively regulate embryonic gonad morphogenesis.
A 3D pyramid network for short ranged high data rate communications at 60 GHz

At millimeter-wave frequencies, the propagation characteristics approximate to that of light and high attenuation is usually incurred in the presence of people and objects. For future wireless personal/local area network (WPAN or WLAN respectively) applications, the user is expected to have maximum mobility, but the impact of shadowing is significant at these high frequencies. To mitigate such effects, a network infrastructure in the form of a 3D pyramid is proposed. It consists of a single access point with a number of active relays operating in parallel. Recent advances in radio over fiber allow such techniques to be used between the relays and the access point. Simulations are performed in a sophisticated 3D ray tracing tool. Human figures are added with shadowing densities of 1 person/256 m/sup 2/ (total room area) up to 1 person/1 m/sup 2/. Simulated results show that compared to a normal system with just a single access point either mounted on the ceiling or at the same height as a mobile terminal, the pyramid relaying system provides superior coverage and capacity.
Advanced block-chain architecture for e-health systems

This paper describes our blockchain architecture as a new system solution to supply a reliable mechanism for secure and efficient medical record exchanges. The Advanced Block-Chain (ABC) approach was designed to meet the demands in healthcare growth as well as in the new form of social interactive norms. It is going to revolutionize the e-Health industry with greater efficiency by eliminating many of the intermediates as we know them today.
Design and analysis of various Wilkinson Power Divider Networks for L band applications

Different Wilkinson Power Divider Networks using stepped multiple sections of the conventional Wilkinson Divider are presented in this paper. The operating frequency range has been chosen as 1.25 GHz to 1.45 GHz. As, the chosen frequency range lies in the L band, these power dividers can be used as feeding network for antenna arrays operated in the L band. We have fabricated and tested the 2:1, 4:1, 8:1 and 16:1 Wilkinson Power Divider Networks to validate all their simulation results. All these structures have been designed and simulated in CST MWS.