Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional Compatibility and the Effectiveness of Antidrinking Messages: A Defensive Processing Perspective on Shame and Guilt

Five studies examine how the two distinct emotional states of shame and guilt influence the effectiveness of messages that highlight socially undesirable consequences of alcohol consumption. Appeals that frame others as observing versus suffering the negative consequences of binge drinking differentially activate shame and guilt. Given these emotional consequences of message framing, the authors examine the interaction between incidental shame or guilt and message framing on drinking intentions and behavior. Compatible appeals (i.e., appeals that elicit the same emotion as being incidentally experienced by the consumer) are less effective in influencing behavioral intentions and beverage consumption because of a process in which consumers discount the notion that they may cause the negative consequences outlined in the message. Such defensive processing of compatible messages is driven by a desire to reduce the existing negative emotion.
Some aspects of foetal and uteroplacental metabolism in cows with indwelling umbilical and uterine vascular catheters.

1. The experiments were carried out on conscious pregnant Jersey cows with intravascular catheters implanted during late gestation in umbilical and uterine vessels. All but three of fifteen animals delivered live healthy calves. 2. Rountine daily analyses were made of blood gas tensions, pH and packed cell volume in foetal and maternal blood; plasma concentrations of glucose, fructose, lactate and urea were also determined. Measurements of plasma free fatty acids and blood acetate concentrations were made less frequently. Foetal heart rate and arterial blood pressure were recorded in animals with an umbilical arterial catheter. 3. The concentration differences between foetal and maternal blood or plasma in glucose, urea and acetate were measured in fifteen animals. The maternal‐to‐foetal glucose and acetate gradients across the placenta were high while the foetal‐to‐maternal plasma urea differences were small. 4. In those animals with patent arterial and venous catheters, uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured together with the arteriovenous differences in 02, glucose, acetate and lactate so that rates of foetal and uterine consumption could be estimated. The rates of utilization of O2, glucose and acetate by the foetus were lower than the values for the whole uterus, while the uteroplacental metabolism of these substrates was very high. 5. Significant amounts of lactate, which appeared to be produced by the uteroplacental tissue, were utilized by the foetus; the remainder passed into the uterine venous blood. 6. The total substrate/O2 quotient for the foetus, calculated from the utilization of known metabolites, appeared to be greater than 1. Thus, in the calf some carbon accumulation from sources other than amino acids, the uptake of which was not measured, would seem to occur. These results and the metabolic activity of the uterine tissues are discussed in relation to comparable findings in the sheep.
Efficient speaker search over large populations using kernelized locality-sensitive hashing

We propose a novel method of efficiently searching very large populations of speakers, tens of thousands or more, using an utterance comparison model proposed in a previous work. The model allows much more efficient comparison of utterances compared to the traditional Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM)-based approach because of its computational simplicity while maintaining high accuracy. Furthermore, efficiency can be drastically improved when approximating searches using kernelized locality-sensitive hashing (KLSH). From a speaker's utterance, a set of statistics are extracted according to the utterance comparison model and converted to a set of hash key bits. An Approximate Nearest Neighbor search using the Hamming Distance can be done to find candidate matches with the query speaker, which are then rank-ordered by linearly comparing them with the query using the utterance comparison model. Compared to GMM-based speaker identification and some of its variants that have been proposed to increase its efficiency, the proposed KLSH-based method is orders of magnitude faster while compromising a negligible amount of accuracy for sufficiently long query utterances. At a more fundamental level, we also discuss how our speaker matching framework differs from the traditional Bayesian decision rule used for speaker identification.
Computer vision-based approach for rite decryption in old societies

This paper presents an approach to determine the spatial arrangement of bones of horses in an excavation site and perform the 3D reconstruction of the scene. The relative 3D positioning of the bones was computed exploiting the information in images acquired at different levels, and used to relocate provided 3D models of the bones. A novel semi-supervised approach was proposed to generate dense point clouds of the bones from sparse features. The point clouds were later matched with the given models using Iterative Closest Point (ICP).
Socioemotional versus academic emphasis: Impact on kindergartners’ development and achievement

Differential effects of academically‐focused versus socioemotional kindergartens were assessed for a range of developmental domains and early skills acquisition in two cohorts of inner‐city kindergartners. The sample of 307 children was 94% African American and 48% female, with 75% qualifying for subsidized lunch programs and 57% living in single‐parent homes Results indicated a detrimental impact of an overly academic kindergarten emphasis on young boys’ development and school achievement. Although girls were found to be developmentally more ready than boys for academic experiences, they actually achieved greater mastery of basic skills when enrolled in kindergartens that valued socioemotional development. The role of evaluative research in fostering policy change was discussed.
A gene-based test of association using canonical correlation analysis

MOTIVATION Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) measures the association between two sets of multidimensional variables. We reasoned that CCA could provide an efficient and powerful approach for both univariate and multivariate gene-based tests of association without the need for permutation testing. RESULTS Compared with a commonly used permutation-based approach, CCA (i) is faster; (ii) has appropriate type-I error rate for normally distributed quantitative traits; (iii) provides comparable power for small to medium-sized genes (<100 kb); (iv) provides greater power when the causal variants are uncommon; (v) provides considerably less power for larger genes (≥100 kb) when the causal variants have a broad minor allele frequency (MAF) spectrum. Application to a GWAS of leukocyte levels identified SAFB and a histone gene cluster as novel putative loci harboring multiple independent variants regulating lymphocyte and neutrophil counts.
Cross-protection between successive waves of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic: epidemiological evidence from US Army camps and from Britain.

BACKGROUND The current worst-case scenario for pandemic influenza planning is based on the catastrophic 1918-1919 pandemic. In this article, we examine the strength of cross-protection between successive waves of the 1918-1919 pandemic, which has remained a long-standing issue of debate. METHOD We studied monthly hospitalization and mortality rates for respiratory illness in 37 army camps, as well as the rates of repeated episodes of influenza infection during January-December 1918 in 8 military and civilian settings in the United States and Britain. RESULTS A first wave of respiratory illness occurred in US Army camps during March-May 1918 and in Britain during May-June, followed by a lethal second wave in the fall. The first wave was characterized by high morbidity but had a lower fatality rate than the second wave (1.1% vs. 4.7% among hospitalized soldiers; P < .001). Based on repeated illness data, the first wave provided 35%-94% protection against clinical illness during the second wave and 56%-89% protection against death (P < .001). CONCLUSION Exposure to influenza in the spring and summer of 1918 provided mortality and morbidity protection during the fall pandemic wave. The intensity of the first wave may have differed across US cities and countries and may partly explain geographical variation in pandemic mortality rates in the fall. Pandemic preparedness plans should consider that immune protection could be naturally acquired during a first wave of mild influenza illnesses.
Law enforcement personnel needs of a state natural resource agency

Abstract In this study, we assess personnel needs of the Law Enforcement Division (LED) of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). The LED's mission is to enforce Texas’ laws and regulations regarding hunting, fishing, and other uses of wildlife resources for recreational and commercial purposes. Texas is a leading state nationally in outdoor recreational use of natural resources. It ranks second in the number of anglers and hunters, fourth in the number of boaters, fourth in size of the population, and fifth in the number of citations issued per warden in the southeastern United States. Operational, demographical, and ecological data were obtained from several Texas state agencies and from a mail—out survey of all Texas game wardens (n = 397) and their captains (n = 33). Maximum R‐square variable selection and general linear model procedures were conducted to estimate the numbers of game wardens needed per county. The regression model explained 78% of the total variation in the distribution of ga.
A block based Encryption Model to improve Avalanche Effect for data Security

Encryption is widely used to ensure security in public networks like the internet. Any type of data has its own attribute; therefore, various algorithms should be used to protect confidential data from unauthorized access. Mostly the available encryption algorithms are used for text data. However, due to large data size and real time constrains, algorithms that are good for textual data. In this research, a block-based encryption model is proposed for information security using a combination of logical and mathematical operation. This model will be used as a pre-encryption technique to confuse the relationship between the original data and the generated ones. The generated data are then fed to the proposed encryption model. Efficiency, Avalanche Effect, and Execution Time have been used to measure the security level of the data. The experimental results have shown that the existing algorithms resulted in a lower efficiency, a higher execution time, and a more uniform efficiency. This implies a high similarity and a good quality of the retrieved data compared to the original one. Another feature of the proposed model is its generality; it can be applied with any other traditional algorithm to enhance its performance. Experimental results have shown that using the proposed model along with the other algorithms resulted in a better performance compared to using the other algorithms alone.
Suppression of conductance fluctuations in short one-dimensional disordered conductors.

We find that on short-length scales the phase of the amplitude reflection coefficient is strongly correlated with the random potential in the one-dimensional disordered conductors. This correlation results in suppression of the large conductance G(L) fluctuation making (G(L)) finite. We predict a minimum in (G(L)) vs L
Brown as a Cold War Case

In 1954, in the midst of the Cold War, school segregation was thought by many to be un-American. Brown v. Board of Education, a major international story, was thought of as a blow to Communism because the case would enable peoples of color around the world to believe that democracy was a just system of government. American legal history texts often discuss Brown and the Cold War in separate passages, as if they were unrelated to each other, however this essay argues that Brown is best understood as part of Cold War history. Cold War concerns help explain the U.S. government's role in the case, for example. The Justice Department's brief in Brown argued that school segregation undermined U.S. prestige in other countries, harming U.S. foreign relations. The Supreme Court had been grappling with Cold War concerns in its McCarthy-era cases, so these arguments were made to a receptive audience. Formal legal change in Brown aided the U.S. image abroad, whether or not actual desegregation followed. While some treatments of Brown see the case as an illustration of the inevitability of legal progress, the Cold War context helps us to see Brown's historical contingency. This history also illustrates the fact that seemingly domestic American histories have international dimensions, and it underscores the importance of internationalizing American legal history.
A novel wearable ECG monitoring system based on active-cable and intelligent electrodes

In this paper, a novel wearable electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring system is presented. Unlike most of the existing holter monitors that are composed of conventional electrodes and multiple cables, the ECG monitoring system proposed here consists of intelligent electrodes and one single Active-Cable. A prototype of a wearable ECG monitoring system is developed and implemented on Xilinx FPGAs. The experimental results show that a reliable performance with high-quality ECG data can be achieved using this novel ECG monitoring system.
An Analytic Framework for Crisis Situations: Better Responses From a Better Understanding of the Situation

Crisis management research is developing a solid line of research that examines the communicative responses of organizations in crisis. As we begin to address crisis responses, it is essential to develop an understanding of how to make the most effective use of these symbolic resources. Analyzing the crisis situation is an important step toward understanding the effective use of crisis responses. If we accept that the situation influences communicative choices, the crisis situation should influence the selection of crisis responses. This article reports the results of a study that tested a system of crisis situation analysis based on crisis responsibility. The article develops a rationale for the crisis responsibility base and reports the results of the study. The end product is an analytic system that provides a rough guide to the type of crisis responses the crisis manager should be employing.
Buffer-Based Distributed LT Codes

We focus on the design of distributed Luby transform (DLT) codes for erasure networks with multiple sources and multiple relays, communicating to a single destination. The erasure floor performance of DLT codes improves with the maximum degree of the relay-degree distribution. However, for conventional DLT codes, the maximum degree is upper bounded by the number of sources. An additional constraint is that the sources are required to have the same information block length. We introduce a D-bit buffer for each source-relay link, which allows the relay to select multiple encoded bits from the same source for the relay-encoding process; thus, the number of sources no longer limits the maximum degree at the relay. Furthermore, the introduction of buffers facilitates the use of different information block sizes across sources. Based on density evolution, we develop an asymptotic analytical framework for optimization of the relay-degree distribution. We further integrate techniques for unequal erasure protection into the optimization framework. The proposed codes are considered for both lossless and lossy source-relay links. Numerical examples show that there is no loss in erasure rate performance for transmission over lossy source-relay links, as compared with lossless links. Additional delays, however, may occur. The design framework and our contributions are demonstrated by a number of illustrative examples, showing the improvements obtained by the proposed buffer-based DLT codes.
Keeping the Centre Small: Explanations of Agency Type

British government ‘growth’ in the recent past has not been reflected in a growing civil service. Bureaucratic expansion has largely taken place in local authorities and in central non-Departmental bodies. Explaining growth in the second area requires an explanation of why government agencies should be constituted in one form rather than another, and four explanations are considered. They are random theories, theories relating agency type to the administrative fashions current at the time of an agency's creation, managerial theories relating agency type to functional task, and political theories relating agency type to political considerations such as outflanking tactics and political sensitivity. A major theme of the article is that no single explanation appears to be adequate on its own, but rather that a multi-factor explanation is needed.
PHYMYCO-DB: A Curated Database for Analyses of Fungal Diversity and Evolution

Background In environmental sequencing studies, fungi can be identified based on nucleic acid sequences, using either highly variable sequences as species barcodes or conserved sequences containing a high-quality phylogenetic signal. For the latter, identification relies on phylogenetic analyses and the adoption of the phylogenetic species concept. Such analysis requires that the reference sequences are well identified and deposited in public-access databases. However, many entries in the public sequence databases are problematic in terms of quality and reliability and these data require screening to ensure correct phylogenetic interpretation. Methods and Principal Findings To facilitate phylogenetic inferences and phylogenetic assignment, we introduce a fungal sequence database. The database PHYMYCO-DB comprises fungal sequences from GenBank that have been filtered to satisfy stringent sequence quality criteria. For the first release, two widely used molecular taxonomic markers were chosen: the nuclear SSU rRNA and EF1-α gene sequences. Following the automatic extraction and filtration, a manual curation is performed to remove problematic sequences while preserving relevant sequences useful for phylogenetic studies. As a result of curation, ∼20% of the automatically filtered sequences have been removed from the database. To demonstrate how PHYMYCO-DB can be employed, we test a set of environmental Chytridiomycota sequences obtained from deep sea samples. Conclusion PHYMYCO-DB offers the tools necessary to: (i) extract high quality fungal sequences for each of the 5 fungal phyla, at all taxonomic levels, (ii) extract already performed alignments, to act as ‘reference alignments’, (iii) launch alignments of personal sequences along with stored data. A total of 9120 SSU rRNA and 672 EF1-α high-quality fungal sequences are now available. The PHYMYCO-DB is accessible through the URL http://phymycodb.genouest. org/.
Practical Reason Within and Across Disciplinary Borders

Longhofer and Floersch argue for more expansive thinking about the modes of social science research predominant in contemporary social work science. This commentary concurs with aspects of their article that we see as compatible both with social work aims and with current trends and imperatives in research and practice, including mixed methods and participatory studies, translational research, the scholarship of engagement, and rapidly emerging interest in collective impact. At the same time, it encourages the authors to extend their analyses by grounding them more thoroughly in the specifics of contemporary social work research, encouraging collective dialogue about the implications of their proposals, and recognizing that contemporary transdisciplinary and translational research endeavors are typically more fully aligned with these proposals than this article allows.
Scan chain based at-speed diagnosis in the presence of scan output compaction schemes

The use of scan chains in diagnosis operations turns to be an important yield enhancement factor in nanotechnologies. However, scan chain output compaction schemes drastically reduce the ability to effectively diagnose (locate) faults in a defective circuit. In addition, scan chains are not friendly to at-speed diagnosis, where timing faults must be located. A new at-speed scan chain diagnosis technique is presented, which guarantees the maximum diagnostic resolution independently of the presence of any scan chain output compaction schemes.
Analytical Criterions for the Generation of Highly Dynamic Gaits for Humanoid Robots: Dynamic Propulsion Criterion and Dynamic Propulsion Potential

Many studies have been made to develop walking anthropomorphic robots able to move in environments well-adapted to human beings and able to cooperate with them. Among the more advanced projects of humanoid robots, one can mention : the Honda robots P2, P3 (Hirai, 1997) (Hirai et al., 1998) and Asimo (Sakagami et al., 2002), the HRP series developed by AIST (Kaneko et al., 1998) (Kajita et al., 2005) (Kaneko et al., 2004) (Morisawa et al., 2005), the small robot QRIO proposed by Sony (Nagasaka et al., 2004), the KHR series developed by KAIST (Kim et al., 2004) (Kim et al., 2005), the last robot of Waseda University having seven degrees of freedom per leg (Ogura et al., 2004), Johnnie (Lohmeier et al., 2004) and H7 (Kagami et al., 2005). These robots are namely able to climb stairs and to carry their own power supply during stable walking. The problem of dynamic locomotion and gait generation for biped robot has been studied theoretically and experimentally with quite different approaches. However, when searchers study the behavior or the design of dynamic walking robots, they inevitably meet a number of intrinsic difficulties related to these kinds of systems : a large number of parameters have to be optimized during the design process or have to be controlled during the locomotion task; the intrinsic stability of walking machines with dynamic behaviors is not robust; the coordination of the legs is a complex task. When human walks, it actively uses its own dynamic effects to ensure its propulsion. Today, some studies exploit the dynamic effects to generate walking gaits of robots. In this research field, four kinds of approaches are used. The first one uses pragmatic rules based on qualitative studies of human walking gaits (Pratt et al., 2001) (Sabourin et al., 2004). The second one focuses on the mechanical design of the robot in order to obtain natural passive dynamic gaits (Collins et al., 2005). The third one deals with theoretical
A RUNAWAY RED SUPERGIANT IN M31

A significant percentage of OB stars are runaways, so we can expect a similar percentage of their evolved descendants to also be runaways. However, recognizing such stars presents its own set of challenges, as these older, more evolved stars will have drifted farther from their birthplace, and thus their velocities might not be obviously peculiar. Several Galactic red supergiants (RSGs) have been described as likely runaways based on the existence of bow shocks, including Betelgeuse. Here we announce the discovery of a runaway RSG in M31 based on a 300 km s−1 discrepancy with M31's kinematics. The star is found about 21′ (4.6 kpc) from the plane of the disk, but this separation is consistent with its velocity and likely age (∼10 Myr). The star, J004330.06+405258.4, is an M2 I, with MV = −5.7, log L / L ⊙ ? > = 4.76, an effective temperature of 3700 K, and an inferred mass of 12–15M⊙. The star may be a high-mass analog of the hypervelocity stars, given that its peculiar space velocity is probably 400–450 km s−1, comparable to the escape speed from M31's disk.