Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Power Divider for C-band Operation Using High Frequency Defected Ground Structure (DGS) Technique

Power dividers and directional couplers are passive devices used frequently in the field of radio technology. In the field of microwave engineering and circuit design, Power Divider is a specific class of power divider circuit that can accomplish isolation between the output ports while maintaining a coordinated condition on all ports. In this paper, the Triangular shaped Micro strip Power Divider is designed for C-band operation using Defected Ground Structure (DGS). The triangular structure of the power divider is introduced to have collinearly output. The passive power divider is used extensively at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. It supports frequency ranges from 2 to 4.5GHz for better return loss. Phase and amplitude equalizations are used at the output ports to achieve better performance. Calculations are carried out using different simulation tools based on different numerical techniques.
Congenital abnormalities of the feet.

The radiological literature contains little or nothing concerning the x-ray analysis of congenital abnormalities of the feet. Even the larger multivolume texts (1, 2, 3) devote scant space to such a common defect as clubfoot. The trained orthopedic surgeon relies to a great extent on his physical examination of the infant's foot, and has acquired a personal group of radiological criteria which, in conjunction with his clinical knowledge, suffice. Therefore, little in the way of a formal x-ray analysis appears in the orthopedic literature (4, 5). In an attempt to formulate the radiological aspects of the more common abnormalities of the feet and put us on “speaking terms” with our orthopedic associates, the present study was undertaken. The congenital abnormalities of the feet to be presented are: clubfoot (talipes equinovarus), “rocker deformity” (over-corrected clubfoot), flatfoot, metatarsus varus, and pes cavus. The technic for obtaining anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms must be carefully stan.
A theoretical mechanistic study on electrical conductivity enhancement of DMSO treated PEDOT:PSS

Conductive polymers have been attracting attention for decades due to their promising applications in photovoltaic cells and thermoelectrics. Among them, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is the most extensively studied one with the features of high water dispersibility, transparency and thermal stability as well as having relatively high electrical conductivity (EC). Nevertheless, the EC of as-prepared PEDOT:PSS is still unsatisfactory for real applications. Experimental studies on PEDOT:PSS have showed that its low EC could be elevated by more than 3 to 4 orders of magnitude by polar solvent treatment. However, the mechanism of this enhancement remains unclear. In this work, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treated PEDOT:PSS polymers are studied using multiscale molecular modeling, including density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We elucidate the mechanism of EC enhancement at the molecular level, demonstrating that DMSO dissolves the PSS shell to release the conductive PEDOT in the core for self-aggregation, leading to subsequent phase separation of PEDOT and PSS by charge screening. These findings are important for the selection of alternative solvents for further EC enhancement of PEDOT:PSS in thermoelectric applications.
High Performance Bricks from Straw and Asphalt

This study investigated a partial replacement of clay by additives for bricks. The purified clay mixed with different volume percentage of additives (Asphalt and Straw from agricultural waste) as separate and both to cast as bricks with the standard dimensions of 18.5 × 8.5 × 6.5 cm 3 . Cylindrical pellets casted with the dimensions of average diameter of 40 mm and thicknesses about 2.5 ± 0.2mm. The casted bricks and pellets are air dried in open atmosphere for 8-10 days. These bricks and pellets are fired for three days, at the end of three days kiln is allowed to cool to reach room temperature. The sample bricks are tested for compressive strength and water absorption; pellets are tested for thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. From the obtained results, it has concluded that the compressive strength slightly increased against density of the bricks. A moderate decrement observed in the water absorption against density of the samples and compressive strength weakens with the increment of water absorption of the samples. Improved electrical conductivities of the samples with additives appears change in electrical properties from insulating to semiconducting. Thermal conductivity values of the samples with additives are climb against the 100% clay sample. The result shows that the greatest thermal conductivity of 0.905 Wm -1 K was obtained for 85% Clay / 5% Straw / 10% Asphalt sample. The additives enhance porosity and heat contact through the samples. The values obtained and with reference to the graphs plotted, can be concluded that the 90% Clay / 5% Straw / 5% Asphalt sample is superior among the samples.
Application-specific topology generation algorithms for network-on-chip design

Network-on-chip (NoC) is an alternative approach to traditional communication methods for system-on-chip architectures. Irregular topologies are preferable for the application specific NoC designs as they offer huge optimisation space in contrast to their regular counterparts. Generating an application-specific topology as part of the synthesis flow of a NoC architecture is a challenging problem as there may be several topology alternatives, each of which may be superior to the others based on the different objective criteria. In this study, the authors tackle at this problem and propose a heuristic and a genetic algorithm-based methods. The heuristic method, called TopGen, is a two-phase application-specific topology generation algorithm aiming to minimise the energy consumption of the system. TopGen first decomposes the given application into clusters based on the communication traffic. It then maps the clusters onto the routers and connects them in such a way that the communication cost of the network is minimised. The second algorithm, called GA-based topology generation algorithm-based topology generation algorithm (GATGA), is based on a genetic algorithm, which initially creates a set of solutions and uses genetic operators to reproduce new topologies from them. The authors compared our algorithms with existing methods through several multimedia benchmarks and custom generated graphs. TopGen and GATGA obtained better results than previous methods with negligible area and link length overheads.
Antecedents of Bridge Employment: A Longitudinal Investigation

Bridge employment is the labor force participation pattern increasingly observed in older workers between their career jobs and their complete labor force withdrawal. It serves as a transition process from career employment to full retirement. Typical bridge employment decisions include full retirement, career bridge employment, and bridge employment in a different field. In the current study, 3 dominant theories (i.e., role theory, continuity theory, and life course perspective) on retirement processes were reviewed. On the basis of these theories, the authors proposed 4 categories of antecedents (i.e., individual attributes, job-related psychological variables, family-related variables, and a retirement-planning-related variable) of different types of bridge employment decisions. The authors used longitudinal data of a large, nationally representative sample from the Health and Retirement Study (F. Juster & R. Suzman, 1995) to test the current hypotheses. These data were analyzed with multinomial logistic regression, and most of the hypotheses were supported by the results. The implications of this study are discussed at both theoretical and practical levels.
Neuron‐Specific Enolase Concentrations in Blood as a Prognostic Parameter in Cerebrovascular Diseases

Background and Purpose To investigate the clinical relevance of plasma concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with severe cerebrovascular diseases, serial analyses were performed during the first 10 days after the acute event. Methods Plasma samples taken from 61 patients (30 with brain infarction, 13 with intracerebral hemorrhage, 11 with cardiogenic hypoxia-ischemia, and 7 with myocardial infarction [as control group]) were analyzed for NSE concentration using an enzyme immunoassay. The time course of plasma NSE was correlated with clinical findings, clinical outcome, cranial computed tomography, intracranial pressure, and other laboratory data. Results In cases of hypoxia-ischemia there was close correlation between plasma NSE values during the first 72 hours and the clinical outcome. In brain infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage, high plasma NSE mostly indicated an unfavorable outcome, but low values did not permit a reliable prognostic estimation. In cases of cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage with secondary neuronal destruction (for example, due to malignant edema), increasing NSE concentrations in plasma preceded the change of clinical or other diagnostic parameters. Conclusions The course of plasma NSE levels is seen as a relevant parameter for assessing the prognosis of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. Additionally, it may prove to be a useful tool for monitoring space-occupying brain infarctions and intracerebral hemorrhages and therefore may contribute to improved therapeutic management of severe cerebrovascular diseases.
Video-induced yawning in stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides)

This study reports the first experimental exploration of possible contagious yawning in monkeys. Twenty-two stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) were presented with video clips of either yawns or control mouth movements by conspecifics. At a group level, monkeys yawned significantly more often during and just after the yawn tape than the control tape. Supplementary analysis revealed that the yawn tape also elicited significantly more self-directed scratching responses than the control tape, which suggests that yawning might have been caused by tension arising from viewing the yawn tape. Understanding to what extent the observed effect resembles contagious yawning as found in humans and chimpanzees requires more detailed experimentation.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: calling it what it is: a low-grade, destructive, metastasizing neoplasm.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive cystic lung disease primarily affecting women that has historically been classified and clinically managed as a nonneoplastic interstitial lung disease. The purpose of this document is to outline the accumulating data that support reclassification of LAM as a low-grade, destructive, metastasizing neoplasm. This major conceptual shift actually began more than 10 years ago in the pathology community. The 1999 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors regarded LAM as a “tumour-like” lesion, and in the 2004 classification, it was codified as a mesenchymal neoplasm (1, 2). The pulmonary community seems to have been slower to adopt this viewpoint, however, and continues to consider LAM one of the “other” idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.
Architecture: Description Languages

Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) rigorously specify various aspects of software architectures. They have formally defined syntax and semantics and are often accompanied by an array of supporting tools. This entry introduces a classification of ADLs as well as examples of each category. Many research groups have developed numerous ADLs over the years, but only few have gained acceptance by a majority of software practitioners. Due to their experimental nature, it is not meaningful to discuss every ADL that has ever been created. Rather, this entry focuses on developing a systematic way of classifying ADLs and identifying any discernible trends in the ADL community.
Identifying and Quantifying Architectural Debt

Our prior work showed that the majority of error-prone source files in a software system are architecturally connected. Flawed architectural relations propagate defectsamong these files and accumulate high maintenance costs over time, just like debts accumulate interest. We model groups of architecturally connected files that accumulate high maintenance costs as architectural debts. To quantify such debts, we formally define architectural debt, and show how to automatically identify debts, quantify their maintenance costs, and model these costs over time. We describe a novel history coupling probability matrix for this purpose, and identify architecture debts using 4 patterns of architectural flaws shown to correlate with reduced software quality. We evaluate our approach on 7 large-scale open source projects, and show that a significant portion of total project maintenance effort is consumed by paying interest on architectural debts. The top 5 architectural debts, covering a small portion (8% to 25%) of each project's error-prone files, capture a significant portion (20% to 61%) of each project's maintenance effort. Finally, we show that our approach reveals how architectural issues evolve into debts over time.
Restrictive eating behaviors are a nonweight-based marker of severity in anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the type and frequency of restrictive eating behaviors across the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa (AN; restricting [ANr] and binge eating/purging [ANbp]) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and to determine whether subtype differences in restrictive eating behaviors were attributable to severity of the disorder or the frequency of binge eating. METHOD Participants (N = 118) were women at least 18 years of age with full (n = 59) or subthreshold (n = 59) AN who participated in a two week (EMA) protocol. RESULTS General estimating equations revealed that individuals with ANbp generally reported more frequent restrictive eating behaviors than individuals with ANr. These differences were mostly accounted for by greater severity of eating psychopathology, indicating that the presence and frequency of restrictive eating behaviors in AN may be nonweight-based markers of severity. Binge eating frequency did not account for these findings. DISCUSSION The present findings are especially interesting in light of the weight-based severity rating in the DSM-5.
Co‐processing bio‐oil in the refinery for drop‐in biofuels via fluid catalytic cracking

Pyrolysis oil from lignocellulosic biomass (bio‐oil) is a promising renewable energy carrier that can be utilized for the production of second‐generation drop‐in biofuels. Co‐processing bio‐oil with petroleum feeds in existing refinery processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), has been proposed as a cost‐effective way of transitioning to the production of such biofuels without the need for significant capital‐intensive investments. Several routes are available for the production of bio‐oil, such as fast pyrolysis of biomass (raw bio‐oil), catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass (catalytic pyrolysis oil, CPO), and fast pyrolysis of biomass followed by hydrogenation of the produced bio‐oil (hydrodeoxygenated oil, HDO). Research has shown that co‐processing raw bio‐oil is challenging but it can be carried out after adoption of appropriate reactor modifications in the commercial scale. A significant body of work has also focused on the co‐processing of HDO and CPO, and has demonstrated that these types of bio‐oil can be co‐processed with less operational issues. Co‐processing bio‐oil results in a liquid hydrocarbon product that contains only a small amount of oxygenates from bio‐oil. A noticeable increase in coke formation is also observed when bio‐oil is introduced in the FCC feed. However, this increase is lower than what would be expected from the conversion of the pure bio‐oil fraction. This has been attributed to the presence of the petroleum feed, which has a beneficial synergistic effect on the cracking of bio‐oil due to hydrogen donation reactions that inhibit coke formation and promote the conversion of the oxygenates to liquid hydrocarbons.
A Novel Feature Combination Methods for Saliency-Based Visual Attention

In the field of visual attention, bottom-up or saliency-based visual attention allows primates to detect non-specific conspicuous objects or targets in cluttered scenes. Simple multi-scale “feature maps” detect local spatial discontinuities in intensity, color, orientation, and are combined into a “saliency” map. In this paper, we propose a Saliency Map based on feature weighted, in which the Rough Sets is used to assign the weighting for every feature. This method measures the contribution of each conspicuity map obtained from the feature maps to saliency map. And it also carries out a dynamic weighting of individual conspicuity maps. We obtain results, which enrich the theory of Saliency detection. We use the real data of natural scenes to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
An abnormal network flow feature sequence prediction approach for DDoS attacks detection in big data environment

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) is a rapidly growing problem with the fast development of the Internet. There're multitude DDoS detection approaches, however, three major problems about DDoS attack detection appear in the big data environment. Firstly, to shorten the respond time of the DDoS attack detector, secondly, to reduce the required compute resources, and lastly, to achieve a high detection rate with low false alarm rate. In the paper, we propose an abnormal network flow feature sequence prediction approach which could fit to be used as a DDoS attack detector in the big data environment and solve aforementioned problems. We define a network flow abnormal index as PDRA with the percentage of old IP addresses, the increment of the new IP addresses, the ratio of new IP addresses to the old IP addresses and average accessing rate of each new IP address. We design an IP address database using sequential storage model which has a constant time complexity. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) trending prediction module will be started if and only if the number of continuous PDRA sequence value, which all exceed an PDRA abnormal threshold (PAT), reaches a certain preset threshold. And then calculate the probability that is the percentage of forecasting PDRA sequence value which exceed the PAT. Finally we identify the DDoS attack based on the abnormal probability of the forecasting PDRA sequence. Both theorem and experiment show that the method we proposed can effectively reduce the compute resources consumption, identify DDoS attack at its initial stage with higher detection rate and lower false alarm rate.
Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Basic Principles, Current Clinical Status and Future Directions

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer therapy, based on a photochemical reaction between a light activatable molecule or photosensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen. When these three harmless components are present together, reactive oxygen species are formed. These can directly damage cells and/or vasculature, and induce inflammatory and immune responses. PDT is a two-stage procedure, which starts with photosensitizer administration followed by a locally directed light exposure, with the aim of confined tumor destruction. Since its regulatory approval, over 30 years ago, PDT has been the subject of numerous studies and has proven to be an effective form of cancer therapy. This review provides an overview of the clinical trials conducted over the last 10 years, illustrating how PDT is applied in the clinic today. Furthermore, examples from ongoing clinical trials and the most recent preclinical studies are presented, to show the directions, in which PDT is headed, in the near and distant future. Despite the clinical success reported, PDT is still currently underutilized in the clinic. We also discuss the factors that hamper the exploration of this effective therapy and what should be changed to render it a more effective and more widely available option for patients.
Clinical implications of positron emission tomography-negative residual computed tomography masses after chemotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Abstract Response to primary treatment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is highly predictive of long-term outcome. We evaluated the value of computed tomography (CT) findings relative to positron emission tomography (PET) findings, after the completion of chemotherapy. We retrospectively reviewed records from 491 patients with DLBCL at M. D. Anderson in 2001–2007; 22 patients were excluded for uncertain pathology and 169 for having received consolidative radiation, leaving 300 patients for the present analysis (median age, 61 years; 53% men, 47% women; 27% stage I–II, 73% stage III–IV; 73% completed 6–8 cycles of doxorubicin-based therapy). Factors associated with outcome on univariate analysis were response according to PET/CT and CT (p < 0.0001 for overall survival [OS], disease-specific survival [DSS] and progression-free survival [PFS]); number of chemotherapy cycles received (p < 0.0001 OS, p < 0.0001 DSS, p < 0.002 PFS); the combined presence of Ki-67 > 50%, PET SUV ≥ 13 and bulky (> 5 cm) disease (p = 0.005 OS, p = 0.001 DSS, p = 0.001 PFS); and International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (p = 0.004 OS, p = 0.005 DSS, p = 0.004 PFS). On multivariate analysis, PET/CT-negative, CT residual mass (> 2 cm) significantly influenced OS, DSS and PFS (p < 0.0001). The presence of a residual mass >2 cm on CT, coupled with negative findings on PET/CT, has prognostic value in DLBCL.
Chronic and structural poverty in South Africa: challenges for action and research, CPRC Working Paper No. 56, PLAAS Chronic Poverty and Development Policy Series No. 6, CCSR Working Paper No. 121

Ten years after liberation, the persistence of poverty is one of the most important and urgent questions facing South Africa. This paper reflects on some of the findings of research undertaken as part of the participation of the Programme on Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) at the University of the Western Cape in the work of the Chronic Poverty Research Centre, situates it within the broader literature on poverty in South Africa, and considers some emergent challenges. Though PLAAS's survey, being only the first wave of a panel study, does not yet cast light on short term poverty dynamics, it illuminates key aspects of the structural conditions that underpin poverty that lasts for a long time: the close interactions between asset poverty, employment vulnerability and subjection to unequal social power relations. Coming to grips with these dynamics requires going beyond the limitations of conventional "sustainable livelihoods" analyses and functionalist analyses of South African labour markets. The paper argues for a re-engagement with the traditions of critical sociology, anthropology and the theoretical traditions that allow a closer exploration of the political economy of chronic poverty at micro and macro level.