Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Placing information near to the gaze of the user

Gaze tracking facilities have yet mainly been used in general for marketing or the disabled and, more specifically, in Augmented Reality, for interaction with control triggers, such as buttons. We go one step further and use the line of sight of the user to attach information. While any information may not conceal the view of the user, we displace the information by an angular degree and provide means for the user to capture the information by looking at it. With such an apporach we see a potential for faster resuming times of the original task for which a required information needs to be accessed. The demonstration shows a comparably complex primary task assisted by our gaze-mounted information and illustrates the inherent differences for information access w.r. t. conventional methods, such as listing action items at a fix position in space or on a screen.
Vitamin B-12 Status Differs among Pregnant, Lactating, and Control Women with Equivalent Nutrient Intakes.

BACKGROUND Limited data are available from controlled studies on biomarkers of maternal vitamin B-12 status. OBJECTIVE We sought to quantify the effects of pregnancy and lactation on the vitamin B-12 status response to a known and highly controlled vitamin B-12 intake. METHODS As part of a 10-12 wk feeding trial, pregnant (26-29 wk gestation; n = 26), lactating (5 wk postpartum; n = 28), and control (nonpregnant, nonlactating; n = 21) women consumed vitamin B-12 amounts of ∼8.6 μg/d [mixed diet (∼6 μg/d) plus a prenatal multivitamin supplement (2.6 μg/d)]. Serum vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin (bioactive form of vitamin B-12), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and homocysteine were measured at baseline and study-end. RESULTS All participants achieved adequate vitamin B-12 status in response to the study dose. Compared with control women, pregnant women had lower serum vitamin B-12 (-21%; P = 0.02) at study-end, whereas lactating women had higher (P = 0.04) serum vitamin B-12 throughout the study (+26% at study-end). Consumption of the study vitamin B-12 dose increased serum holotranscobalamin in all reproductive groups (+16-42%; P ≤ 0.009). At study-end, pregnant (vs. control) women had a higher holotranscobalamin-to-vitamin B-12 ratio (P = 0.04) with ∼30% (vs. 20%) of total vitamin B-12 in the bioactive form. Serum MMA increased during pregnancy (+50%; P < 0.001) but did not differ by reproductive state at study-end. Serum homocysteine increased in pregnant women (+15%; P = 0.009) but decreased in control and lactating women (-16-17%; P < 0.001). Despite these changes, pregnant women had ∼20% lower serum homocysteine than the other 2 groups at study-end (P ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSION Pregnancy and lactation alter vitamin B-12 status in a manner consistent with enhanced vitamin B-12 supply to the child. Consumption of the study vitamin B-12 dose (∼3 times the RDA) increased the bioactive form of vitamin B-12, suggesting that women in these reproductive states may benefit from vitamin B-12 intakes exceeding current recommendations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01127022.
The multiple semantics hypothesis: Multiple confusions?

Abstract In this paper we discuss the issue of multiple versus unitary semantics. We argue that the notion of multiple semantics (as currently articulated) does not, in fact, represent a theory of semantic organisation but is, instead, an arbitrary conjunction of a set of independent assumptions which are either unmotivated or, if motivated, equally compatible with a unitary semantics hypothesis. Furthermore, the empirical evidence that has been cited as support for this hypothesis is equally compatible with variants of the unitary semantics hypothesis. A model of semantic processing—the Organised Unitary Content Hypothesis (O.U.C.H.)—that is able to account for reported patterns of dissociation of performance is discussed briefly.
Association of Body Mass Index and Long-Term Outcomes in Older Patients With Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Results From the CRUSADE Registry

Background—Prior studies have found that obese patients have paradoxically lower in-hospital mortality after non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction than their normal-weight counterparts, yet whether these associations persist long term is unknown. Methods and Results—We linked detailed clinical data for patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction aged ≥65 years in the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines (CRUSADE) Registry to Medicare claims data to obtain longitudinal outcomes. Using height and weight measured on admission, patients were categorized into 6 body mass index (BMI [kilograms per meter squared]) groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between BMI and (1) all-cause mortality, (2) all-cause readmission, (3) cardiovascular readmission, and (4) noncardiovascular readmission for 3 years after hospital discharge. Among older patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (n=34 465), 36.3% were overweight and 27.7% were obese. Obese patients were younger and more likely to have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia than normal or underweight patients. Relative to normal-weight patients, long-term mortality was lower for patients classified as overweight (BMI, 25.0–29.9), obese class I (BMI, 30.0–34.9), and obese class II (BMI, 35.0–39.9), but not obese class III (BMI ≥40.0). In contrast, 3-year all-cause and cardiovascular readmission were similar across BMI categories. Relative to normal-weight patients, noncardiovascular readmissions were similar for obese class I but higher for obese class II and obese class III. Conclusions—All-cause long-term mortality was generally lower for overweight and obese older patients after non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction relative to those with normal weight. Longitudinal readmissions were similar or higher with increasing BMI.
A generalized array manifold model for local scattering in wireless communications

In wireless communication scenarios, local scatterers in the vicinity of the mobile sources cause angular spreading. As a result, the spatial signatures will not belong to the conventional array manifold parameterized by direction of arrival (DOA) alone. A parameterized model for spatial signatures applicable in scenarios with local scattering is presented. Several algorithms that exploit this model are proposed, and the performance of signal waveform estimators using the model is investigated via simulations. It is demonstrated that considerable gain may result as compared with using the conventional plane wave model.
Innovation-Theory and Practice

The search for an effective elementary school continues-a school that surpasses all others in promoting the welfare and the development of the child. Many proposals for an effective school have been offered. Advocates of change have come forward with organizational plans, with methods and tools of instruction, and with guidance and child development techniques. Current literature and research use an array of terms to describe the proposals. Organizational plans that purportedly focus on areas other than the self-contained classroom are studded with the expressions "nongradedness," "nongraded primary," "continuous progress," "homogeneous grouping," "multiphased program," "ability tracking," "team teaching," "differential staffing," and "interage grouping. " Methods and tools of instruction suggested by proponents of change in primary education bear such labels as "individualized instruction," "the
Using pulsed power for hydrodynamic code validation

As part of ongoing hydrodynamic code validation efforts, a series of Near Term Liner Experiments (NTLX) was designed for the Shiva Star capacitor bank at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). A cylindrical aluminum liner that is magnetically imploded onto a central target by self-induced radial Lorentz forces drove the experiments. The behavior of the target was simulated using the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) Eulerian hydrodynamics code RAGE in 2- and 3-D. One-dimensional simulations of the liner driver utilizing the RAVEN MHD code were used to predict the liner density and temperature profiles as well as the velocity at impact time. At liner/target impact, a convergent shock is generated that drives subsequent hydrodynamics experiments. In concentric targets, cylindrically symmetric shocks will converge on axis. This characterizes the symmetry of the liner driver. By shifting the target center away from the liner symmetry axis, material dependencies in the shock propagation velocity generate off-center shock convergence. Both codes show excellent agreement over the majority of the shock and interface trajectories. However, a small but significant discrepancy between codes does occur during the last few millimeters of run in when convergence effects are greatest. Comparisons with experimental data show similar shock velocities being measured. However, the simulated shock arrives at a given trajectory location nearly 100 ns earlier than experimentally measured.
The code lists case: Identifying and linking the key parts of fiscal datasets

Today, there is a growing need within citizens, journalists and many public bodies to explore and search for valuable information and knowledge in budget data, that are widely published by governments and municipalities across Europe. A significant element of these fiscal datasets are code lists, which serve not only for the coding and the simplicity of representation of budget concepts, but can also act as linking entities between budget datasets of different countries, bodies, years and structure, in order to facilitate their comparison. To this end, we made an extensive survey of code lists that refer or are related to fiscal or other concepts that are included in budget datasets, recording totally 239 international and national classifications. We selected some of these classifications to represent them semantically with SKOS and then we examined their linking possibilities. While manual and automated methods are insufficient for linking large code lists, tools using semi-automated methods, like Alignment seem to be more suitable for this specific task.
Reliabilität und Validität der deutschsprachigen Schizotypie-Skalen von Chapman

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die mit am haufigsten eingesetzten Skalen zur Erfassung von Schizotypie sind die Chapman-Skalen Physische Anhedonie (PA), Soziale Anhedonie (SA) und Wahrnehmungsabweichungen (PAB). Fragestellung: Uberprufung der Reliabilitats- und Validitatseigenschaften der deutschen Versionen der Chapman-Skalen. Methode: Die Chapman-Skalen wurden 83 Schizophrenen und 83 Gesunden vorgegeben. Bei den Patienten wurden zusatzlich Negativ- und Positivsymptome (SANS, SAPS) erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die Chapman-Skalen wiesen in beiden Untersuchungsgruppen eine befriedigende interne Konsistenz (alpha: .73-.87) auf. Die Schizophrenen zeigten signifikant hohere Werte in PAB und PA als die Gesunden. In der SA zeigten nur die schizophrenen Manner signifikant hohere Werte als die mannlichen Kontrollpersonen. In der Patientengruppe korrelierten PA und SA positiv mit Negativsymptomatik, PAB mit Positivsymptomatik. In einer Retest-Reliabilitats-Studie mit 36 Schizophrenen zeigten sich moderate bis.
Oestrogen receptor and its potential role in breast cancer development

The first studies of oestrogen receptor (ER) focused on measurements of levels in breast cancers and relationship to hormonal response, but the introduction of antibodies which can be used on fixed tissue has meant that ER can be studied in detail in normal and precancerous tissue. Cloning and sequencing of ER has resulted in more detailed understanding of structure and function, with the identification of variant forms in both tumours and normal, followed by the discovery that ER has two forms, the classical ER‐α and ER‐β. Analyses of both forms in normal and preneoplastic breast will be important for our understanding of the role of ER in the development of breast cancer and its possible prevention. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Routing Attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks will often be deployed in environments where the nodes of the networks are unattended and have little or no physical protection against tampering. The nodes of mobile ad hoc networks are thus susceptible to compromise. The networks are particularly vulnerable to denial of service (DOS) attacks launched through compromised nodes or intruders. In this paper, we present a new DOS attack and its defense in ad hoc networks. The new DOS attack, called Ad Hoc Flooding Attack(AHFA), can result in denial of service when used against on-demand routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks, such as AODV, DSR. The intruder broadcasts mass Route Request packets to exhaust the communication bandwidth and node resource so that the valid communication can not be kept. After analyzed Ad Hoc Flooding Attack, we develop Flooding Attack Prevention (FAP), a generic defense against the Ad Hoc Flooding Attack in mobile ad hoc networks. When the intruder broadcasts exceeding packets of Route Request, the immediate neighbors of the intruder record the rate of Route Request. Once the threshold is exceeded, nodes deny any future request packets from the intruder. The results of our implementation show FAP can prevent the Ad Hoc Flooding attack efficiently .
Religion, equity and education in Northern Ireland

Abstract For some years concern has been expressed about the lower qualifications of leavers from Catholic schools in Northern Ireland in comparison with leavers from Protestant schools. The paper outlines research carried out for the Standing Advisory Commission on Human Rights on possible contributory factors to this attainment gap. The research highlighted the effects of different funding arrangements for Catholic schools and a shortage of grammar school places in the Catholic sector, and recommended proactive measures by government to deal with these issues. The recommendations were based on equity principles and were argued as being consistent with declared government policy on fair employment in Northern Ireland on religious grounds. Following the research findings the Government announced extra funds to increase grammar school provision in Catholic schools and changed the arrangements for capital grants to permit Catholic schools to receive 100% grant. The paper suggests that the application of equ.
Babble and first words in children with focal brain injury

ABSTRACT In this article, we present data from a longitudinal investigation of the development of language and communicative skills in infants suffering from focal brain injury in the pre- or perinatal period. We focus on phonological analyses of babbling and first words, and parental reports of the use of gestures for communicative purposes, word comprehension, and word production. Results indicate that all children were delayed in the number of gestures they were reported to produce, as well as in reported lexical production. Reported comprehension was also typically well below age level; however, age-appropriate comprehension was observed in one child throughout the period sampled. Phonological analyses revealed both similarities and differences between the early vocalizations of the neurologically involved children and those of the control group. Most notably, the vocalizations of the children with brain injury contained a smaller proportion of “true” consonants at the earliest session. The children who showed an increase in the proportion of consonant production by the third testing session were those who had also begun to produce words by this period. Thus, phonological and lexical developments were both observed during the period studied here, with improvement most evident in children with damage to anterior (as opposed to posterior) brain areas. Lastly, like normally developing children, children with brain injury displayed idiosyncratic patterns of consonant articulation. These tendencies were observed in all vocalizations, both babble and words, suggesting that continuity of consonant place and manner is evident even in the face of general delay in the acquisition of communicative abilities.
La importancia de plantear los objetivos de una forma graduada y no en su totalidad en un caso de depresión [The Importance of having gradual goals instead of global ones in a depression case]

The case study presented shows a 19-session psycotherapeutic intervention in a patient who suffered from severe depression. The intervention consisted of a mixture of several cognitive, behavioural and emotional techniques. Beck’s cognitive model of depression was used as a theoretical frame work. This article points out the importance of having gradual goals instead of the global ones. The results show a great success after a 19-session-treatment as the therapeutic goals were achieved.
CULTURAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: AN INTERACTIONISTIC PERSPECTIVE

This paper presents an interactionistic perspective that proposes three hypotheses: (1) Cultures have a life of their own: they change due to interactions in the cultural ecology; (2) Different modalities of a culture change at different paces and to different extents; (3) There appears to be an isomorphism between economic performance and cultural change. Should a cultural explanation of the Asian “growth” and “fall” be sought, it would be more meaningful to link economic performance to changes in Confucianism than to the static perception of that tradition. Managers should give more attention to the processes and impacts of cultural change in organizational behaviors in, especially, emerging markets.
A sociological journey into sexuality.

The Freudian, Marxian, and sociobiological explanations of sexuality are not well designed for answering questions concerning differences among societies or groups in their sexual lifestyles. A macro-level, societal explanation of sexuality is needed to answer such questions. Such a theory is lacking in sociology but is developed in this paper. Sexuality is defined as a societal product whose importance lies more in its physical pleasure and selfdisclosure aspects than in its reproductive potential. Those qualities are universally valued because they are the building blocks of social relationships. This paper proposes that sexuality is universally linked to the social structure in three specific areas: (a) marital jealousy, (b) gender role power, and (c) beliefs about normality. Variations and interrelations of these three linkages are explained by the logical structure of this sociological theory. Evidence concerning the theory is explored by examining the Standard Cross Cultural Sample, National Opinion Research Center surveys, and individual research on other societies. The sociological explanation presented here applies to both heterosexual and homosexual relationships and to both industrial and nonindustrial societies. A number of specific, interrelated propositions that explain societal variations within the three universal linkage areas are explored. The logical structure of the theory is developed as the context of those propositions. The paper also treats the relevance of this theory for the applied professions dealing with sexuality.
The Emergence of Cooperative Leadership from Homogenous Random Networks

Abstract We investigate the game learning skeleton on homogeneous random networks, where an individual plays the Prisoner's Dilemma game with neighbors and the learning frequency during the steady state is counted as edge weight. The learning skeleton is defined as a communication kernel where each individual directs to the most frequently followed neighbor. We show that with the increase of the temptation to defect, the in-degree distribution of the learning skeleton varies from an exponential distribution to a power-law distribution, i.e., the scale-free property can emerge from underlying homogeneous random interaction networks. Moreover, we find that the longer the individual holds on the cooperative strategy, the more followers the individual has, and the easier the leader diffuses its behavior. Therefore, our work will shed some insight into designing reinforcement learning mechanisms in the social system to promote the emergence and persistence of cooperation.
A prospective study of psychosocial adaptation following subarachnoid haemorrhage

Abstract In this prospective study a series of 89 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), most of whom had a “good” neurological outcome, were interviewed 10 weeks and 12 monts following their SAH about changes in psychosocial functioning since their SAH, and the presence of symptoms, such as excessive fatigue, that can influence psychosocial functioning. Information was also gathered from close relatives whenever possible. Data about a range of “SAH factors”, including site of aneurysm, patient clinical grade, and vasospasm, were also gathered at the time of hospitalisation, and subjects were graded according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at each follow-up assessment. Statistical analyses to see whether these factors were predictive of later psychosocial impairment were carried out. A high proportion of subjects demonstrated some mild to moderate psychosocial impairments at 10 weeks and, although recovery occurred in some areas over the next 8 months, 86% of subjects still suffered from excess.
Design of a phased array for the generation of adaptive radiation force along a path surrounding a breast lesion for dynamic ultrasound elastography imaging

This work demonstrates, with numerical simulations, the potential of an octagonal probe for the generation of radiation forces in a set of points following a path surrounding a breast lesion in the context of dynamic ultrasound elastography imaging. Because of the in-going wave adaptive focusing strategy, the proposed method is adapted to induce shear wave fronts to interact optimally with complex lesions. Transducer elements were based on 1-3 piezocomposite material. Three-dimensional simulations combining the finite element method and boundary element method with periodic boundary conditions in the elevation direction were used to predict acoustic wave radiation in a targeted region of interest. The coupling factor of the piezocomposite material and the radiated power of the transducer were optimized. The transducer's electrical impedance was targeted to 50 Ω. The probe was simulated by assembling the designed transducer elements to build an octagonal phased-array with 256 elements on each edge (for a total of 2048 elements). The central frequency is 4.54 MHz; simulated transducer elements are able to deliver enough power and can generate the radiation force with a relatively low level of voltage excitation. Using dynamic transmitter beamforming techniques, the radiation force along a path and resulting acoustic pattern in the breast were simulated assuming a linear isotropic medium. Magnitude and orientation of the acoustic intensity (radiation force) at any point of a generation path could be controlled for the case of an example representing a heterogeneous medium with an embedded soft mechanical inclusion.
Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Alan L. Bisno, Michael A. Gerber, Jack M. Gwaltney, Jr., Edward L. Kaplan, and Richard H. Schwartz Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida; 2 Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Ohio; University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children, Falls Church, Virginia; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis