Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acoustic space of Bangla vowels

Acoustic space of Bangla Vowel based on articulatory properties of vocal tract plays a significant role in Bangla speech synthesis and recognition. A vowel system is essentially a way of dividing up the "vowel space" into distinct vowel phonemes. In general, languages make the most efficient use of the vowel space. This paper synthesizes vowel space illustration by graphically showing where a speech sound for Bangla language, such as a vowel, is located in both "acoustic" and "articulatory" space of the vocal tract tube. Measurements of the spectral characteristics and the formant frequencies were made for each vowel from isolated Bangla word spoken by both male and female speakers. All these measurements are tested in synthesis of isolated utterance.
Power density spectra of modes of orbital motion in strongly curved space-time: obtaining the observable signal

High-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HF QPOs) appear in the X-ray variability of several accreting low-mass binaries. In a series of works, it was suggested that these QPOs may have connection to inhomogeneities orbiting close to an inner edge of the accretion disc. In this paper, we explore the appearance of an observable signal generated by small radiating circular hotspots moving along quasi-elliptic trajectories close to the innermost stable circular orbit in the Schwarzschild space–time. Our consideration takes into account the capabilities of observatories that have been operating in the past two decades represented by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and the proposed future instruments represented by the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT). For these purposes, we choose such model parameters that lead to light curves comparable to those observed in Galactic black hole sources, in particular the microquasar GRS 1915+105. We find that when a weak signal corresponding to the hotspot Keplerian frequency is around the limits of the RXTE detectability, the LOFT observations can clearly reveal its first and second harmonics. Moreover, in some specific situations the radial epicyclic frequency of the spot can be detected as well. Finally, we also compare the signal produced by the spots to the signal produced by axisymmetric epicyclic disc-oscillation modes and discuss the key differences that could be identified via the proposed future technology. We conclude that the ability to recognize the harmonic content of the signal can help to distinguish between the different proposed physical models.
Derivation of electron spin relaxation rate by electron–phonon interaction using a new diagram method

A formula for determining the electron spin relaxation rate of an electron–phonon system is derived using a new spring-loop diagram method. The result properly contains the distribution functions for the electrons and phonons. Therefore, all spin-flip and spin-conserving processes are explained from a microscopic point of view, and physical insight into the quantum dynamics of electron spin in a solid is obtained from the diagram. Photons and phonons are classified on the basis of their spin-flip and spin-conserving processes. This formula is used to calculate the electron spin relaxation rate (γ) in GaAs. The temperature (T) dependence of the relaxation rate obtained by comparison with the experimental result previously reported is γ ∝ T1.94.
The Use of Ketamine as an Induction Agent for Anesthesia in Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy Surgery: A Case Series

Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The induction of anesthesia in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PHT) can be challenging, with a risk of cardiovascular collapse. The administration of ketamine in patients with PHT is controversial, with some recommendations contraindicating its use. However, ketamine has been used safely in children with severe PHT. We present a retrospective case series of adult patients with severe PHT presenting for PTE surgery, using intravenous ketamine as a co-induction anesthetic agent.
Branch‐and‐Bound Algorithm

The branch and bound algorithm is mostly used to solve global optimization problems with integer variables (unknowns), linear objective and linear constraints (integer linear programming (LP) problems). The recent increase in the speed of computation on desktop computers has meant that the algorithm can be applied to large problems with several hundred integer variables, which only a decade ago were intractable to any true optimization algorithms. Although a number of algorithms have been proposed for the integer LP problem, the branch and bound technique is used in almost all of the available computer software. This technique has proven to be reasonably efficient for practical problems because it has the embedded advantage of solving continuous linear programmes as subproblems. Furthermore, in some situations the embedded subproblem is a special case of a LP problem (such as assignment and transportation problems), which have more efficient algorithms than the general LP algorithm. Branch and bound methods are also easy to implement on parallel processors. An increasing number of applications are currently forthcoming in this area.
Static Analysis and Machine Learning-based Malware Detection System using PE Header Feature Values

Advances in information and communications technology (ICT) are improving daily convenience and productivity, but new malware threats continue to surge. This paper proposes a malware detection system using various machine learning algorithms and portable executable (PE) Header file static analysis method for malware code, which has recently changed in various forms. Methods/Statistical analysis: This paper proposes a malware detection method that quickly and accurately detects new malware using static file analysis and stacking methods. Furthermore, using information from PE headers extracted through static analysis can detect malware without executing real malware. The features of the pe_packer used in the proposed research method were most efficient in experiments because the extracted data were processed in various ways and applied to machine learning models. So, we chose pe_packer information as the shape data to be used for the stacking model. Detection models are implemented based on additive techniques rather than single models to detect with high accuracy. Findings: The proposed detection system can quickly and accurately classify malware or ordinary files. Moreover, experiments showed that the proposed method has a 95.2% malware detection rate and outperforms existing single model-based detection systems. Improvements/Applications: The proposed research method applies to detecting large new strains of malware.
A comet dust model for the beta Pictoris disk

The 10m silicate emission feature and the contin- uum emission from near infrared to millimeter of the dust in the disk of Pictoris may be derived by assuming that the dust is continually replenished by comets orbiting close to the star. The basic, initial dust shed by the comets is taken to be the fluffy aggregates of interstellar silicate core-organic refractory mantle dust grains (with an additional ice mantle in the outer regionofthedisk). Theheatingofthedustisprimarilyprovided by the organic refractory mantle absorption of the stellar radia- tion. The temperature of some of the particles close to the star is sufcient to crystallize the initially amorphous silicates. The dust grains are then distributed throughout the disk by radia- tion pressure. The steady state dust distribution of the disk then consists of a mixture of crystalline silicate aggregates and ag- gregates of amorphous silicate core-organic refractory mantle particles (without/with ice mantles) with variable ratios of or- ganic refractory to silicate mass. The whole disk which extends inward to 1AU and outward to 2200AU is divided into three components which are primarily responsible respectively, for the silicate emission, the mid-infrared emission and the far infrared/millimeter emission. As a starting point, the grain size distributionisassumedtobelikethatobservedforcometHalley dust while in the inner regions the distribution of small particles isrelativelyenhancedwhichmaybeattributedtotheevaporation and/or fragmentation of large fluffy particles. The dust grains which best reproduce the observations are highly porous, with a porosity around 0.95 or as high as 0.975. The temperature distribution of a radial distribution of such particles provides an excellent match to the silicate 10m (plus 11.2m) spectral emission as well as the excess continuum flux from the disk over a wide range of wavelengths. These models result in a total mass of dust in the whole disk 2 10 27 g of which only 10 5 {1 0 4 is hot enough to give the silicate excess emission. The specic mineralogy of crystalline silicates has been discussed.
Obscurant Segmentation in Long Wave Infrared Images Using GLCM Textures

The benefits of autonomous image segmentation are readily apparent in many applications and garners interest from stakeholders in many fields. The wide range of benefits encompass applications ranging from medical diagnosis, where the shape of the grouped pixels increases diagnosis accuracy, to autonomous vehicles where the grouping of pixels defines roadways, traffic signs, other vehicles, etc. It even proves beneficial in many phases of machine learning, where the resulting segmentation can be used as inputs to the network or as labels for training. The majority of the available image segmentation algorithmic development and results focus on visible image modalities. Therefore, in this treatment, the authors present the results of a study designed to identify and improve current semantic methods for infrared scene segmentation. Specifically, the goal is to propose a novel approach to provide tile-based segmentation of occlusion clouds in Long Wave Infrared images. This work complements the collection of well-known semantic segmentation algorithms applicable to thermal images but requires a vast dataset to provide accurate performance. We document performance in applications where the distinction between dust cloud tiles and clear tiles enables conditional processing. Therefore, the authors propose a Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) based method for infrared image segmentation. The main idea of our approach is that GLCM features are extracted from local tiles in the image and used to train a binary classifier to provide indication of tile occlusions. Our method introduces a new texture analysis scheme that is more suitable for image segmentation than the solitary Gabor segmentation or Markov Random Field (MRF) scheme. Our experimental results show that our algorithm performs well in terms of accuracy and a better inter-region homogeneity than the pixel-based infrared image segmentation algorithms.
COLLISIONAL EXCITATION OF THE [C ii] FINE STRUCTURE TRANSITION IN INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS

We analyze the collisional excitation of the 158 μm (1900.5 GHz) fine structure transition of ionized carbon in terms of line intensities produced by simple cloud models. The single C+ fine structure transition is a very important coolant of the atomic interstellar medium (ISM) and of photon-dominated regions in which carbon is partially or completely in ionized form. The [C ii] line is widely used as a tracer of star formation in the Milky Way and other galaxies. Excitation of the [C ii] fine structure transition can be via collisions with hydrogen molecules, atoms, and electrons. Analysis of [C ii] observations is complicated by the fact that it is difficult to determine the optical depth of the line. We discuss the excitation of the [C ii] line, deriving analytic results for several limiting cases and carry out numerical solutions using a large velocity gradient model for a more inclusive analysis. For antenna temperatures up to 1/3 of the brightness temperature of the gas kinetic temperature, the antenna temperature is linearly proportional to the column density of C+ irrespective of the optical depth of the transition. This is appropriately referred to as the effectively optically thin approximation. We review the critical densities for excitation of the [C ii] line by various collision partners, briefly analyze C+ absorption, and conclude with a discussion of C+ cooling and how the considerations for line intensities affect the behavior of this important coolant of the ISM.
Clinical-epidemiological changes in patients with non-traumatic acute abdomen during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT Objective: we intend to demonstrate the clinical alterations and the postoperative evolution in patients with acute abdomen non-traumatic in conservative or surgical treatment during the pandemic compared to a similar period in the last year. Method: a single-center retrospective study, including patients who received clinical-surgical treatment at Hospital do Trabalhador diagnosed with acute abdomen between March and August 2020 and a similar period in 2019.Variables studied ranged from demographic data to indices of social isolation. Results: 515 patients were included, 291 received treatment in a pre-pandemic period and 224 during. There was not statistical difference in relation to comorbidities (p=0.0685), time to diagnosis and seeking medical help. No statistical differences were observed in terms of days of hospitalization (p = 0.4738) and ICU need (p=0.2320). Regarding in-hospital deaths, there was statistical relevance in the age above 60 years (p=0.002) and there were more deaths during the pandemic period (p=0.032). However, when we analyze the factors associated with the number of days until diagnosis by a physician, there was no statistical difference. Conclusion: the analyzed data showed that the pandemic period and age over 60 years were the variables that increased the odds ratio for the in-hospital death outcome. However, the length of stay, days in intensive care unit and postoperative surgical complications showed no significant difference.
Assessing Measurement Invariance of a Land Use Environment Construct Across Levels of Urbanicity

Variation in the land use environment (LUE) impacts the continuum of walkability to car dependency, which has been shown to have effects on health outcomes. Existing objective measures of the LUE do not consider whether the measurement of the construct varies across different types of communities along the rural/urban spectrum. To help meet the goals of the Diabetes Location, Environmental Attributes, and Disparities (LEAD) Network, we developed a national, census tract‐level LUE measure which evaluates the road network and land development. We tested for measurement invariance by LEAD community type (higher density urban, lower density urban, suburban/small town, and rural) using multiple group confirmatory factor analysis. We determined that metric invariance does not exist; thus, measurement of the LUE does vary across community type with average block length, average block size, and percent developed land driving most shared variability in rural tracts and with intersection density, street connectivity, household density, and commercial establishment density driving most shared variability in higher density urban tracts. As a result, epidemiologic studies need to consider community type when assessing the LUE to minimize place‐based confounding.
KREATIVITAS GURU MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AUDIO VISUAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AL QUR’AN HADITS DI KELAS VII MTS TARBIYAH WALADIYAH PULAU BANYAK

Permasalah yang ditemukan atau latar belakang masalah penelitian yaitu proses belajar dan mengajar di madrasah, guru bidang studi Al-qur’an hadis belum melibatkan siswa secara langsung dengan aplikasi Al-qur’an digital dari materi bidang studi Al-qur’an hadis yang diajarkan sehingga siswa belum terlatih dalam menyelesaikan berbagai masalah bidang studi Al-qur’an hadis dan belum tersedianya media yang mendukung kegiatan belajar dan mengajar Al-qur’an Hadis di madrasah. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi lapangan (field research). Metode pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik Analisis data penelitian dengan cara triangulasi sumber. Hasil Penelitian bahwa media Audio Visual berbasis Al-qur’an digital terhadap kemampuan nalar siswa pada konsep memahami dan menghafal ayat Al-qur’an oleh siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak yang signifikan yaitu penerapan model tersebut membantu siswa untuk lebih memahami materi pelajaran. Peningkatan kemampuan nalar siswa pada indikator berpikir kreatif, berpikir luwes, berpikir original, dan berpikir merinci setelah diterapkan Media Audio Visual pada siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak. Aktivitas siswa saat diterapkan Media Audio Visual pada bidang studi Al-qur’an hadis di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak yaitu siswa merespon dengan baik
A CO J = 3–2 map of M51 with HARP-B: radial properties of the spiral structure

We present the first complete CO J=3-2 map of the nearby grand-design spiral galaxy M51 (NGC 5194), at a spatial resolution of ~600 pc, obtained with the HARP-B instrument on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The map covers the entire optical galaxy disk and out to the companion NGC 5195, with CO J=3-2 emission detected over an area of ~9'x6' (~21x14 kpc). We describe the CO J=3-2 integrated intensity map and combine our results with maps of CO J=2-1, CO J=1-0 and other data from the literature to investigate the variation of the molecular gas, atomic gas and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) properties of M51 as a function of distance along the spiral structure on sub-kpc scales. We find that for the CO J=3-2 and CO J=2-1 transitions there is a clear difference between the variation of arm and inter-arm emission with galactocentric radius, with the inter-arm emission relatively constant with radius and the contrast between arm and inter-arm emission decreasing with radius. For CO J=1-0 and HI the variation with radius shows a similar trend for the arm and inter-arm regions, and the arm-inter-arm contrast appears relatively constant with radius. We investigate the variation of CO line ratios (J=3-2/2-1, J=2-1/1-0 and J=3-2/1-0) as a function of distance along the spiral structure. Line ratios are consistent with the range of typical values for other nearby galaxies in the literature. The highest CO J=3-2/2-1 line ratios are found in the central ~1 kpc and in the spiral arms and the lowest line ratios in the inter-arm regions.We find no clear evidence of a trend with radius for the spiral arms but for the inter-arm regions there appears to be a trend for all CO line ratios to increase with radius. We find a strong relationship between the ratio of CO J=3-2 intensity to stellar continuum-subtracted 8mu PAH surface brightness and the CO J=3-2 intensity that appears to vary with radius.
Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of the Potential Biological Mechanisms of Coix Seed against Colorectal Cancer

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the potential biological mechanisms of coix seed in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on network pharmacology analysis. Methods The active components of coix seed and their potential action targets were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP). The disease targets related to CRC were obtained from the DisGeNET database. The intersection targets of the drug targets and disease targets were selected, and a component-target-disease network was built using Cytoscape 3.8. 0 tool. A global network of the core target protein interactions was constructed using String database. Biological function analysis and pathway enrichment analysis of core targets were conducted to explore the potential. Results A total of nine active components were obtained from the TCMSP database corresponding to 37 targets. Further analysis showed that 18 overlapping targets were associated with CRC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was conducted based on the 18 targets and 11 significantly enriched signaling pathways implicated in CRC were identified. Conclusion The multicomponent and multitarget characteristics of coix seed are preliminarily verified, and the potential biological mechanisms of coix seed in the treatment of CRC are predicted, which provides a theoretical basis for the experimental research.
Exponential cosmological redshift in a linearly expanding universe

The first principles analysis of the radiation by an arbitrary source in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space-time is presented. The obtained analytical solution explicitly shows that the cosmological redshift is not of kinematic origin and that the source and the observer may be regarded as being at rest with respect to eachother at all times. At the same time the effect of the time-variation of the metric on the propagation of light appears to be underestimated in the standard cosmology. The cosmological redshift caused by the linear time-variation of the metric turns out to be an exponential rather than linear function of the well-defined spatial distance and the apparent brightness of the source contains an even stronger exponential decay factor.
High Precision Low Input Voltage of 65nm CMOS Rectifier for Energy Harvesting using Threshold Voltage Minimization in Telemedicine Embedded System

Telemedicine applications run at very low input voltages, necessitating the use of Great Precision Rectifier with high sensitivity to function at low input voltages. In this study, we used a 65 nm CMOS rectifier to achieve a 0.2V input voltage for Energy Harvesting Telemedicine application. The suggested rectifier, which has two-stage structure and operates at frequency of 2.4GHz, has been found to perform better in cases where the minimum operating voltage is lower than previously published papers, and the rectifier can operate over a wide range of low input voltage amplitudes. Full-Wave Fully gate cross-coupled Rectifiers (FWFR) CMOS Rectifier Efficiency at Freq of 2.4 GHz: With an input voltage amplitude of 2V, the minimum and maximum output voltages are 0.49V and 1.997V, respectively, with a peak VCE of 99.85 percent and a peak PCE of 46.86 percent. This enables the suggested rectifier to be used in a variety of vibration energy collecting systems, including electrostatic, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric energy harvesters. The proposed rectifier, which is built at 2.4GHz and has a two-stage structure, performs better in the event of low input voltage amplitude and has lower minimum operation voltage than previously published papers. Full-wave fully gate cross-coupled rectifiers (FWFR) CMOS Rectifier Performance Summary at Freq of 2.4 GHz: With a 2V input voltage amplitude, the minimum and maximum output voltages are 0.49V and 1.997V, respectively, with a maximum VCE of 99.85% and a maximum PCE of 46.86%.
Modelling the light-curves of objects tidally disrupted by a black hole

Tidal disruption by massive black holes is a phenomenon, during which a large part of gravitational energy can be released on a very short time-scale. The time-scales and energies involved during X-ray and IR flares observed in Galactic centre suggest that they may be related to tidal disruption events. Furthermore, aftermath of a tidal disruption of a star by super-massive black hole has been observed in some galaxies, e.g. RX J1242.6-1119A. All these discoveries increased the demand for tools for tidal disruption study in curved space-time. Here we summarise our study of general relativistic effects on tidal deformation of stars and compact objects.