Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adverse reactions to antibiotics in hospitalized Iranian children.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of adverse reactions to antibiotics by organ system in hospitalized children in the infectious ward of a pediatric diseases referral center in Iran. METHODS All patients treated with antibiotics were evaluated daily for the presence of ADRs during a 5-month period. For each suspected ADR, a specialized questionnaire was completed in order to obtain the information necessary for analysis of ADRs. RESULTS Among 300 patients, 65 ADRs were seen in 36 patients (12%) during their hospitalization. Pneumonia was the most common reason for administering antibiotics; ceftriaxone and rifampin were the most frequently implicated antibiotics in ADRs. There was a significant relationship between the number of drugs used and the rate of ADRs (p=0.0001). The most commonly affected organ systems were skin and appendages, and the gastrointestinal system. Maculopapular rashes were the most frequent skin ADRs. CONCLUSIONS As antibiotics are the most frequently used drugs in children, and also because of significant relationship between the number of drugs used and ADRs, limited use and careful selection of type and dose of antibiotics as well as close clinical observation are very important in minimizing ADRs.
Large-scale structure formation for power spectra with broken scale invariance

We have simulated the formation of large-scale structure arising from COBEnormalized spectra computed by convolving a primordial double-inflation perturbation spectrum with the CDM transfer function. Due to the broken scale invariance (’BSI’) characterizing the primordial perturbation spectrum, this model has less small-scale power than the (COBE-normalized) standard CDM model. The particle-mesh code (with 512 3 cells and 256 3 particles) includes a model for thermodynamic evolution of baryons in addition to the usual gravitational dynamics of dark matter. It provides an estimate of the local gas temperature. In particular, our galaxy-finding procedure seeks peaks in the distribution of gas that has cooled. It exploits the fact that “cold” particles trace visible matter better than average and thus provides a natural biasing mechanism. The basic picture of large-scale structure formation in the BSI model is the familiar hierarchical clustering scenario. We obtain particle in cell statistics, the galaxy correlation function, the cluster abundance and the cluster-cluster correlation function and statistics for large and small scale velocity fields. We also report here on a semi-quantitative study of the distribution of gas in different temperature ranges. Based on confrontation with observations and comparison with standard CDM, we conclude that the BSI scenario could represent a promising modification of the CDM picture capable of describing many details of large-scale structure formation.
Research of the principle of cognitive sonar and beamforming simulation analysis

Traditional sonar system can stay at best state only for the marine environment such as underwater acoustic channel, background noise and reverberation characteristics etc. meets ideal condition, if not, it will bring great difficulties to the capability of sonar targets detection. In this paper, the concept of cognition proposed in the literature for radar and wireless communication is applied to sonar to improve its robustness and adaptability. Cognitive sonar is a kind of intelligent sonar which has certain reasoning and learning function based on cognition theory, and it gives a kind of innovation idea to high-performance sonar system in theory. Environmental adaptation is accomplished by measuring marine environmental parameters in real-time and using an environmental feedback loops and thus keep sonar systems performance optimal. The advantages of proposed cognitive sonar will be demonstrated by computer simulations.
A quantitative study on coordination degree between resources, environment and economy

Coordination degree of resources, environment, economy and society in China during the years of 1995–2008 as an example is made by quantitative study. Conclusions that physical capital investment is still important input factor in the development of China, the growth mode of China is based on physical capital driving, the utilization of number of employed persons is low, and inputs of resources and the environment made inadequate contribution to the development performance are made.
Incentive-Based Propagation of Metadata Updates in Peer-to-Peer Networks

As peer-to-peer networks become more popular, the use of metadata to achieve a variety of tasks (e.g. content location, pricing, auctioning) becomes more and more important. In this paper, we argue that propagating updates to cached metadata provides benefits beyond simple caching with a fixed expiration, yet requires applicationspecific incentive-based policies to moderate this propagation. We describe the issues involved in performing such propagation, provide a couple of examples where we have experimental evidence of the benefits of metadata update propagation, and propose a couple more examples where this propagation could be beneficial.
Light-curve classification in massive variability surveys - II. Transients towards the Large Magellanic Cloud

Automatic classification of variability is now possible with tools such as neural networks. Here, we present two neural networks for the identification of microlensing events: the first discriminates against variable stars and the second against supernovae. The inputs to the networks include parameters describing the shape and the size of the light curve, together with the colour of the event. The network computes the posterior probability of microlensing, together with an estimate of the likely error. An algorithm is devised for direct calculation of the microlensing rate from the output of the neural networks. We present a new analysis of the microlensing candidates towards the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The neural networks confirm the microlensing nature of only seven of the possible 17 events identified by the MACHO experiment. This suggests that earlier estimates of the microlensing optical depth towards the LMC may have been overestimated. A smaller number of events is consistent with the assumption that all the microlensing events are caused by the known stellar populations in the outer Galaxy/LMC.
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Interactions between Low-Level Reactive Control and Symbolic Rule Learning in Embodied Agents

Mammals bootstrap their cognitive structures through embodied interaction with the world. This raises the question: how the reactive control of initial behavior is recurrently coupled to the high-level symbolic representations they give rise to? We investigate this question in the framework of the "Distributed Adaptive Control" (DAC) cognitive architecture, where we study top-down and bottomup interactions between low-level reactive control and symbolic rule learning in embodied agents. Reactive behaviors are modeled using a neural allostatic controller, whereas high-level behaviors are modeled using a biologically-grounded memory network reflecting the role of the prefrontal cortex. The interaction of these modules in a closed-loop fashion suggests how symbolic representations might have been shaped from low-level behaviors and recruited for behavior optimization.
New locus for autosomal dominant high myopia maps to the long arm of chromosome 17.

PURPOSE To map the gene(s) associated with autosomal dominant (AD) high-grade myopia. METHODS A multigeneration English/Canadian family with AD severe myopia was ascertained. Myopes were healthy, with no clinical evidence of syndromic disease, anterior segment abnormalities, or glaucoma. The family contained 22 participating members (12 affected). The average age of diagnosis of myopia was 8.9 years (range, birth to 11 years). The average refractive error for affected adults was -13.925 D (range, -5.50 to -50.00). Microsatellite markers for genotyping were used to assess linkage to several candidate loci, including three previously identified AD high-myopia loci on 18p11.31, 12q22-q23, and 7q36. Syndromic myopia linkage was excluded by using intragenic or flanking markers for Stickler syndrome types 1, 2, and 2B; Marfan syndrome; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type 4; and juvenile glaucoma. A full genome screening was performed, with 327 microsatellite markers spaced by 5 to 10 cM. Two-point linkage was analyzed using the FASTLINK program run at 90% penetrance and a myopia gene frequency of 0.0133. RESULTS Linkage to all candidate loci was excluded. The genome screening yielded a maximum two-point lod score of 3.17 at theta = 0 with microsatellite marker D17S1604. Fine mapping and haplotype analysis defined the critical interval of 7.71 cM at 17q21-22. CONCLUSIONS A novel putative disease locus for AD high-grade myopia has been identified and provides additional support for genetic heterogeneity for this disorder.
Event-related potentials during word mapping to object shape predict toddlers' vocabulary size

What role does attention to different object properties play in early vocabulary development? This longitudinal study using event-related potentials in combination with behavioral measures investigated 20- and 24-month-olds' (n = 38; n = 34; overlapping n = 24) ability to use object shape and object part information in word-object mapping. The N400 component was used to measure semantic priming by images containing shape or detail information. At 20 months, the N400 to words primed by object shape varied in topography and amplitude depending on vocabulary size, and these differences predicted productive vocabulary size at 24 months. At 24 months, when most of the children had vocabularies of several hundred words, the relation between vocabulary size and the N400 effect in a shape context was weaker. Detached object parts did not function as word primes regardless of age or vocabulary size, although the part-objects were identified behaviorally. The behavioral measure, however, also showed relatively poor recognition of the part-objects compared to the shape-objects. These three findings provide new support for the link between shape recognition and early vocabulary development.
Two-way interference-limited AF relaying over Nakagami-m fading channels

We investigate the performance of two-way interference-limited amplify-and-forward relaying systems over independent but non-identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) Nakagami-m fading channels. A tight closed-form lower bound on the outage probability of the system is derived, along with a simplified expression in the asymptotically low outage regime. Some special cases of practical interest (e.g., no interference power and interference-limited case) are also examined. The theoretical and numerical results provide important physical insights into the implications of the model parameters on the system performance.
Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells by brimonidine in rats with laser-induced chronic ocular hypertension.

PURPOSE To examine the neuroprotective effect of the alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist brimonidine in a chronic ocular hypertension model. METHODS Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated by laser photocoagulation of episcleral and limbal veins. Retinal ganglion cell loss was evaluated in wholemounted retinas. Brimonidine or timolol was administered, either at the time of or 10 days after IOP elevation and continued for 3 weeks. Drug-related immunohistochemical changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also determined after 3 weeks. RESULTS Laser treatment caused a twofold IOP increase over baseline that was maintained for 2 months. A time-dependent loss of ganglion cells occurred with elevated IOP. Systemic administration of brimonidine or timolol caused little decrease in IOP. After 3 weeks of elevated IOP, ganglion cell loss in control rats was 33% +/- 3%. Brimonidine reduced the progressive loss of ganglion cells to 26% +/- 1% and 15% +/- 2% at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. d, respectively. Timolol had no effect. Ten days of high IOP resulted in 22% +/- 4% ganglion cell loss. Brimonidine administration initiated 10 days after IOP elevation prevented any further loss of ganglion cells. In vehicle- or timolol-treated rats, ganglion cell loss continued to 33%. The increase in immunoreactivity of GFAP in ocular hypertensive retinas was attenuated by brimonidine. CONCLUSIONS Systemic application of brimonidine or timolol had little effect on IOP. Brimonidine, but not timolol, showed significant protection of retinal ganglion cells when applied at the time of IOP elevation and prevented further cell loss when applied after IOP was elevated. This indicates that brimonidine has a neuroprotective activity unrelated to its effect on ocular hypotension.
MealPaltern Analysis in Response toTemporomandibular Joint Inflammation intheRat

Inflammation ofthetemporomandibular joint (TMJ)canalter behavioral responses suchasfood intakeandmobilize stress hormones. The hypothesis ofthis study wasthat foodintake and diurnal corticosterone analysis canbeusedas indicators ofadjuvant-induced TMJinflammation. Groups ofratsreceived adjuvant ornoinjections atthebeginning oftheresting (AM)oractivity (PM)phase. Forty-eight hours(early) or6weeks (late)afteradjuvantinjection, plasma corticosterone wasassayed andfoodintake was recorded. Foodintake wassuppressed upto4days post-injection. Asexpected, thenon-injected groupshowedlow AM and highPM corticosterone. AM corticosterone waselevated, butPM corticosterone wasattenuated inboth early- andlate-stage-injected rats. A computerized pair-fed experiment showed that adjuvant-induced hypophagia didnotalter corticosterone levels. Mealpattern analysis revealed decreased food intake duetoadecrease inthenumberofmeals taken. Notably, mealsizeremained thesamebut mealduration increased. Thismodeldemonstrated that foodintake andstress hormone analysis could beusedasindicators forsequelae ofadjuvant- induced TMJinflammation.
B-Mode contamination by synchrotron emission from 3-years WMAP data

We study the contamination of the B –mode of the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization (CMBP) by Galactic synchrotron in the lowest emission regions of the sky. The 22.8-GHz polarization map of the 3-years WMAP data release is used to identify and analyse such regions. Two areas are selected with signal-to-noise ratio S/N < 2 and S/N < 3, covering ∼ 16% and ∼ 26% fraction of the sky, respectively. The polarization power spectra of these two areas are dominated by the sky signal on large angular scales (multipoles ℓ < 15), while the noise prevails on degree scales. Angular extrapolations show that the synchrotron emission competes with the CMBP B –mode signal for tensor-to-scalar perturbation power ratio T/S = 10 − 3 –10 − 2 at 70-GHz in the 16% lowest emission sky ( S/N < 2 area). These values worsen by a factor ∼ 5 in the S/N < 3 region. The novelty is that our estimates regard the whole lowest emission regions and outline a contamination better than that of the whole high Galactic latitude sky found by the WMAP team ( T/S > 0 . 3). Such regions allow T/S ∼ 10 − 3 to be measured directly which approximately corresponds to the limit imposed by using a sky coverage of 15%. This opens interesting perspectives to investigate the inﬂationary model space in lowest emission regions.
One-shot Entire Shape Acquisition Method Using Multiple Projectors and Cameras

In this paper, we propose an active scanning system using multiple projectors and cameras to acquire a dense entire shape of the object with a single scan (a.k.a. ones hot scan). One of the potential application of the system is to capture a moving object with high frame-rate. Since the pattern used for ones hot scan is usually complicated and those patterns interfere each other if they are projected on the same object, it is difficult to use multiple sets of them for entire shape acquisition. In addition, at the end of the closed loop, errors on each scan are accumulated, resulting in large gaps between shapes. To solve the problem, we propose a ones hot shape reconstruction method using a projector projecting a static pattern of parallel lines with one or two colors. Since each projector projects just parallel lines with a small number of colors, those patterns are easily decomposed and detected even if those patterns are projected multiple times on the same object. We also propose a kind of multi-view reconstruction algorithm for the proposed projector-camera system. In the experiment, we actually built a system which consists of six projectors and six cameras and dense shapes of entire objects were successfully reconstructed.
Phase Diffusion of a q-Deformed Oscillator

We examine the problem of phase diffusion rate in a U(1) global phase symmetry broken system, from the perspective of q-deformed oscillators where the deformation parameter represents the anharmonicity. It is shown that broken phase symmetry states, described by deformed coherent states, suffer phase diffusion at a rate determined by the deformation parameter. Analytical discussions are given for the case of weak deformations, while detailed numerical results are presented when strong anharmonicity is present in the system.
An overview of the ACE2 CLOUDYCOLUMN closure experiment

CLOUDYCOLUMN is one of the 6 ACE-2 projects which took place in June-July 1997, between Portugal and the Canary Islands. It was specifically dedicated to the study of changes of cloud radiative properties resulting from changes in the properties of those aerosols which act as cloud condensation nuclei. This process is also refered to as the aerosol indirect effect on climate. CLOUDYCOLUMN is focused on the contribution of stratocumulus clouds to that process. In addition to the basic aerosol measurements performed at the ground stations of the ACE-2 project, 5 instrumented aircraft carried out in situ characterization of aerosol physical, chemical and nucleation properties and cloud dynamical and microphysical properties. Cloud radiative properties were also measured remotely with radiometers and a lidar. 11 case studies have been documented, from pure marine to significantly polluted air masses. The simultaneity of the measurements with the multi-aircraft approach provides a unique data set for closure experiments on the aerosol indirect effect. In particular CLOUDYCOLUMN provided the 1st experimental evidence of the existence of the indirect effect in boundary layer clouds forming in polluted continental outbreacks. This paper describes the objectives of the project, the instrumental setup and the sampling strategy. Preliminary results published in additional papers are briefly summarized.
Examining egocentric and allocentric frames of reference in virtual space systems

The aim of this paper is to examine the egocentric and allocentric frames of reference, through evidence from both gesture and linguistic communication. The action of frames of reference, helps the user refer to the agent as a base for movement or to the object as a guiding point. We will show that although each uses different methods to convey movement in virtual reality, both have a distinct ability to refer to the path’s intrinsic value, but both handle objects with a different number of axes. This paper identifies the major components related to the mechanics of movement in virtual space. It also discusses some of the misconceptions in the field.
Characteristic Signatures of the lytA Gene Provide a Basis for Rapid and Reliable Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections

ABSTRACT The nucleotide sequences of the lytA gene from 29 pneumococcal isolates of various serotypes and 22 additional streptococci of the mitis group (including two Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae strains) have been compared and found to correspond to 19 typical (927-bp-long) and 20 atypical (921-bp-long) alleles. All the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains harbored typical lytA alleles, whereas nonpneumococcal isolates belonging to the mitis group always carried atypical alleles. A sequence alignment showed that the main difference between typical and atypical lytA alleles resided in 102 nucleotide positions (including the 6 bp absent from atypical alleles). These nucleotides were perfectly conserved in all the typical alleles studied, and the corresponding nucleotides of the atypical alleles were also perfectly conserved. The presence in these signatures of distinctive restriction sites (namely, SnaBI, XmnI, and BsaAI) allowed the development of a simple, reliable, and fast method that combines PCR amplification of the lytA gene, digestion with BsaAI, and separation of the products by agarose gel electrophoresis. This assay allows the rapid and consistent identification of true S. pneumoniae strains and represents an improved diagnostic tool for the study of pneumococcal carriage.
Topographic Feature Extraction for Bengali and Hindi Character Images

selection and extraction plays an important role in different classification based problems such as face recognition, signature verification, optical character recognition (OCR) etc. The performance of OCR highly depends on the proper selection and extraction of feature set. In this paper, we present novel features based on the topography of a character as visible from different viewing directions on a 2D plane. By topography of a character we mean the structural features of the strokes and their spatial relations. In this work we develop topographic features of strokes visible with respect to views from different directions (e.g. North, South, East, and West). We consider three types of topographic features: closed region, convexity of strokes, and straight line strokes. These features are represented as a shapebased graph which acts as an invariant feature set for discriminating very similar type characters efficiently. We have tested the proposed method on printed and handwritten Bengali and Hindi character images. Initial results demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Theory of Mind and the Video Deficit Effect: Video Presentation Impairs Children’s Encoding and Understanding of False Belief

ABSTRACT The video deficit effect (VDE) has been demonstrated in several studies on word learning, self-recognition, and imitation: Younger children (up to 3 years old) solved tasks more easily in a direct interaction with an examiner than when instructed by video (Anderson & Pempek, 2005). Older children might also be susceptible to a VDE, especially with more complex tasks; however, evidence is sparse. Furthermore, to what extent preschoolers’ understanding of others’ mental states (theory of mind) is impaired by video presentations has not been tested. We tested 174 children of 4 and 5 years of age in a traditional change of location task for false belief understanding (cf. Baron-Cohen, Leslie, & Frith, 1985). Children were presented with the original story, enacted by adult actors, in either a video or a live demonstration. Children watched the events in 2 live conditions, either through a 1-way mirror or directly. Our results indicate a significant VDE for 4- and 5-year-old children regarding the encoding and solution of the false belief task, respectively.