Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditory Neuroscience: A Time for Coincidence? Dispatch

An ability to localize sounds both accurately and rapidly — particularly if they occur outside the field of view — is of obvious survival value. Because the afferent nerves from the cochlea do not convey spatial information directly, neural computations have to be performed within the brain in order to determine the direction of a sound source. This involves comparing the intensity and time of arrival of the sound at the two ears. Together with the spectral filtering imposed by the external ear, these binaural cues are responsible for auditory localization [1]. Psychophysical studies in humans have shown that the principal cue for sound localization in the horizontal plane, at least at low frequencies, is the interaural time difference (ITD) [2]. The maximum ITD encountered depends on the distance between the ears; in adult humans it is about 600 μs. Humans can discriminate ITDs as small as 10–20 μs [3] — an astonishing achievement given that the duration of an action potential is two orders of magnitude greater than this. Over the last few years, electrophysiological studies have indicated that the neural basis for ITD coding may vary among different species. Recent modelling data [4], however, suggest that the optimal coding strategy depends primarily on head size and the sound frequency range over which ITDs can be discriminated, rather than a more intrinsic difference between species.
Beyond strong jump traceability

Strong jump traceability has been studied by various authors. In this paper we study a variant of strong jump traceability by looking at a partial relativization of strong jump traceability. We discover a new subclass ℋ of the computably enumerable (c.e.) K‐trivials with some interesting properties. These sets are computationally very weak, but yet contain a cuppable member. Surprisingly they cannot be constructed directly using cost functions, and is the first known example of a subclass of the K‐trivials which does not contain any promptly simple member. Furthermore, there is a single c.e. set which caps every member of ℋ, demonstrating that they are in fact very far away from being promptly simple.
BioC 2012 : Differential expression of RNA-Seq data at the gene level

A basic task in the analysis of count data from RNA-Seq is the detection of differentially expressed genes. The count data are presented as a table which reports, for each sample, the number of reads that have been assigned to a gene. Analogous analyses also arise for other assay types, such as comparative ChIP-Seq. The package DESeq provides methods to test for differential expression by use of the negative binonial distribution and a shrinkage estimator for the distribution’s variance. This vignette explains the use of the package. For an exposition of the statistical method, please see our paper [1] and the additional information in Section 9.
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry Dovepress Current Knowledge about the Hydrophilic and Nanostructured Slactive Surface

This review summarizes the present documentation for the SLActive surface, a hydrophilic and nanostructured surface produced by Straumann Company in Switzerland, and covers the results from 15 in vitro, 17 in vivo, and 16 clinical studies. The SLActive surface is a development of the large grit-blasted and acid-etched SLA surface, and is further processed to a high degree of hydrophilicity. In general, the in vitro and in vivo studies of the SLActive surface demonstrate a stronger cell and bone tissue response than for the predecessor, the SLA surface, produced by the same company. However, in most studies, this difference disappears after 6–8 weeks. In the clinical studies, a stronger bone response was reported for the SLAc-tive surface during the early healing phase when compared with the SLA surface. However, the later biological response was quite similar for the two surfaces and both demonstrated very good clinical results.
Modeling Educational Knowledge - Supporting the Collaboration of Computer Science Teachers

The planning of lessons and courses is a very complicated work. Unfortunately many teachers tend to prepare their lessons without profiting from the experiences of their colleagues. In this paper we show how the collaboration of teachers could be supported by a community software that supports the collaboration focusing on the knowledge elements that form the topic of the lesson that is to prepare. Starting from the didactical model of Heimann, Otto and Schulz, we have designed an ontology that comprises most of the information that is necessary to design a lesson in computer science.
A blind decision feedback equalizer incorporating fixed lag smoothing

A new type of blind decision feedback equalizer (DFE) incorporating fixed lag smoothing is developed in this paper. The structure is motivated by the fact that if we make full use of the dependence of the observed data on a given transmitted symbol, delayed decisions may produce better estimates of that symbol. To this end, we use a hidden Markov model (HMM) suboptimal formulation that offers a good tradeoff between computational complexity and bit error rate (BER) performance. The proposed equalizer also provides estimates of the channel coefficients and operates adaptively (so that it can adapt to a fading channel for instance) by means of an online version of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The resulting equalizer structure takes the form of a linear feedback system including a quantizer, and hence, it is easily implemented. In fact, because of its feedback structure, the proposed equalizer shows some similarities with the well-known DFE. A full theoretical analysis of the initial version of the algorithm is not available, but a characterization of a simplified version is provided. We demonstrate that compared to the zero-forcing DFE (ZF-DFE), the algorithm yields many improvements. A large range of simulations on finite impulse response (FIR) channels and on typical fading GSM channel models illustrate the potential of the proposed equalizer.
A nonparametric Bayesian model for inference in related longitudinal studies

Summary. We discuss a method for combining different but related longitudinal studies to improve predictive precision. The motivation is to borrow strength across clinical studies in which the same measurements are collected at different frequencies. Key features of the data are heterogeneous populations and an unbalanced design across three studies of interest. The first two studies are phase I studies with very detailed observations on a relatively small number of patients. The third study is a large phase III study with over 1500 enrolled patients, but with relatively few measurements on each patient. Patients receive different doses of several drugs in the studies, with the phase III study containing significantly less toxic treatments. Thus, the main challenges for the analysis are to accommodate heterogeneous population distributions and to formalize borrowing strength across the studies and across the various treatment levels. We describe a hierarchical extension over suitable semiparametric longitudinal data models to achieve the inferential goal. A nonparametric random‐effects model accommodates the heterogeneity of the population of patients. A hierarchical extension allows borrowing strength across different studies and different levels of treatment by introducing dependence across these nonparametric random‐effects distributions. Dependence is introduced by building an analysis of variance (ANOVA) like structure over the random‐effects distributions for different studies and treatment combinations. Model structure and parameter interpretation are similar to standard ANOVA models. Instead of the unknown normal means as in standard ANOVA models, however, the basic objects of inference are random distributions, namely the unknown population distributions under each study. The analysis is based on a mixture of Dirichlet processes model as the underlying semiparametric model.
Ingestive Behavior of Heifers Supplemented with Glycerin in Substitution of Corn on Brachiaria brizantha Pasture

The objective was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of crossbred heifers finished on a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture receiving four levels of glycerin in their supplementation. Thirty-six crossbred heifers with average initial weight of 264.83±3.83 kg and 20 months of age were distributed into a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replications: control (0%), 4.82%, 10.12%, and 15.56% glycerin in the dry matter. The grazing time reduced linearly (p<0.05), whereas the time spent on activities like rumination, idleness, trough and total chewing time were quadratically affected (p<0.05). Bite rate and number of bites/day were quadratically influenced (p<0.05). The number of bites/swallowed cud and the number of bites/minute, however, increased linearly (p<0.05). Although the time spent on each cud and number of chews per cud were not affected (p>0.05). The number of rumination periods reduced linearly (p<0.05), whereas the number of grazing, idle and trough periods, and the times per grazing, idle, rumination and trough periods were quadratically affected (p<0.05). The feed and rumination efficiencies of the dry matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, pasture dry matter and concentrate were quadratically affected (p>0.05) whereas the feed efficiency of neutral detergent fiber reduced linearly (p<0.05). Addition of glycerin in substitution of corn in supplements for animals managed on pastures does not influenced feed intake, but reduces the grazing time and increases the idle time. The supplementation also improves feed and rumination efficiencies.
Effects of Handling Real Objects and Self-Avatar Fidelity on Cognitive Task Performance and Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments

Immersive virtual environments (VEs) provide participants with computer-generated environments filled with virtual objects to assist in learning, training, and practicing dangerous and/or expensive tasks. But does having every object being virtual inhibit the interactivity and level of immersion? If participants spend most of their time and cognitive load on learning and adapting to interacting with virtual objects, does this reduce the effectiveness of the VE? We conducted a study that investigated how handling real objects and self-avatar visual fidelity affects performance and sense of presence on a spatial cognitive manual task. We compared participants' performance of a block arrangement task in both a real-space environment and several virtual and hybrid environments. The results showed that manipulating real objects in a VE brings task performance closer to that of real space, compared to manipulating virtual objects. There was no signifi-cant difference in reported sense of presence, regardless of the self-avatar's visual fidelity or the presence of real objects.
Reactivating a Reactivation Theory of Implicit Memory

Implicit and explicit memory tasks are interpreted within a traditional memory theory that distinguishes associations between different classes of memory units (sensory features, logogens, imagines, concepts, context tags). Associations from specific sensory features to logogens are strengthened by perceptual experiences, leading to specific perceptual priming. Associations among concepts are strengthened by use, leading to specific conceptual priming. Activating associations from concepts to logogens leads to semantic and associative priming. Item presentation also establishes a new association from it to a representation of the personal context, comprising an "episodic memory. " Such contextual associations play a major role in explicit memory tasks such as recall or recognition. A critical assumption of the theory is that presentation of a given item strengthens its sensory and contextual associations independently; this permits the theory to explain various dissociations of implicit and explicit memory measures. Furthermore, by assuming that brain-injured patients with global amnesia have a selective deficit in establishing novel associations to the context, the theory can explain their deficits in explicit memory along side their intact implicit memory.
Charged stringlike solutions of low-energy heterotic string theory.

Two stringlike solutions to the equations of motion of the low-energy effective action for the heterotic string are found, each a source of electric and magnetic fields. The first carries an electric current equal to the electric charge per unit length and is the most general solution which preserves one-half of the supersymmetries. The second is the most general charged solution with an event horizon, a black string. '' The relationship of the solutions to fundamental, macroscopic heterotic strings is discussed, and in particular it is shown that any stable state of such a fundamental string also preserves one-half of the supersymmetries, in the same manner as the first solution.
Tightly Correlated X-Ray/Hα-emitting Filaments in the Superbubble and Large-Scale Superwind of NGC 3079

Using Chandra and HST, we show that X-ray and Hα filaments that form the 1.3 kpc diameter superbubble of NGC 3079 have strikingly similar patterns at ~0. ″8 resolution. This tight optical line/X-ray match seems to arise from cool disk gas that has been driven by the wind, with X-rays being emitted from upstream, standoff bow shocks or by conductive cooling at the cloud/wind interfaces. We find that the soft X-ray plasma has thermal and kinetic energies ETH ~ 2 × 1056η ergs and EKE ~ 5 × 1054η ergs, where ηX is the filling factor of the X-ray gas and may be small; these are comparable to the energies of the optical line-emitting gas if ηX is large. Hydrodynamical simulations reproduce the observations well using a disk-mass loaded superwind. X-rays are also seen from the base of the radio counterbubble which is obscured optically by the galaxy disk and from the nucleus (whose spectrum shows the Fe Kα line at 6 keV as well as gas absorbed by a moderate neutral hydrogen column). The superbubble is surrounded by a fainter conical halo of X-ray emission that fills the area delineated by high-angle, Hα-emitting filaments, supporting our previous assertion that these filaments form the contact discontinuity/shock between galaxy gas and shocked wind. This X-ray emission is not significantly edge brightened, indicating a partially filled volume of warm gas within the shocked wind, not a shell of conductively heated gas. About 40'' (3 kpc) above the galaxy disk, an X-ray arc may partially close above the bubble, but the northeast quadrant remains open at the surface brightness attained by Chandra, consistent with the notion that the superwind reaches into at least the galaxy halo.
Differential Roles of Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine Surface Polysaccharide and Extracellular DNA in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are major human pathogens of increasing importance due to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains. Evidence suggests that the ability to form matrix-encased biofilms contributes to the pathogenesis of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. In this study, we investigated the functions of two staphylococcal biofilm matrix polymers: poly-N-acetylglucosamine surface polysaccharide (PNAG) and extracellular DNA (ecDNA). We measured the ability of a PNAG-degrading enzyme (dispersin B) and DNase I to inhibit biofilm formation, detach preformed biofilms, and sensitize biofilms to killing by the cationic detergent cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in a 96-well microtiter plate assay. When added to growth medium, both dispersin B and DNase I inhibited biofilm formation by both S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Dispersin B detached preformed S. epidermidis biofilms but not S. aureus biofilms, whereas DNase I detached S. aureus biofilms but not S. epidermidis biofilms. Similarly, dispersin B sensitized S. epidermidis biofilms to CPC killing, whereas DNase I sensitized S. aureus biofilms to CPC killing. We concluded that PNAG and ecDNA play fundamentally different structural roles in S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms.
Radial Edge Splatting for Visualizing Dynamic Directed Graphs

University of TrierKeywords: Graph visualization, node-link diagrams, radial layout, splattingAbstract: We describe and discuss a novel radial version of a scalable dynamic graph visualization. The radial layoutencodes dynamic directed graphs on narrow rings of a circle. The temporal evolution of the graph is mapped torings that grow outward from the center of the circle. Graph vertices are placed equidistantly at the borderlinesof each ring. Graph edges are displayed as curved lines starting from a source on the inner borderline of thering and pointing to a target on the outer borderline. To better perceive link directions and structures of largedatasets, visual clutter is reduced by exploiting an edge splatting approach that generates density ﬁelds of thedisplayed edges. The radial layout emphasizes newer graphs, displayed in the larger, outer parts of the circle.As a beneﬁt, edge lengths are reduced in comparison to the non-radial visualization. Moreover, the radiallayout guarantees the symmetry of the visualization under shifting of vertices. We illustrate the usefulness ofthe diagrams by applying them to call graph data of the open source software project Cobertura.
SURVEI KETERLAKSANAAN KURIKULUM 2013 PADA GURU PJOK DI SMA NEGERI SE KABUPATEN NGANJUK

Abstrak Guru berperan penting dalam meningkakan kualitas belajar peserta didik, serta memiliki integritas dan kreatifitas yang luas. Sebagai guru dalam bidang studi pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan pada kurikulum 2013 dituntut untuk mampu menerapkan materi ke dalam bentuk tematik integratif, yaitu model pembelajaran yang diarahkan pada pendidikan karakter dan mengintegrasikan isi pembelajaran dengan mata pelajaran lainnya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana keteraksanaan kurikuum 2013 pada guru bidang studi pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan di SMAN se-Kabupaten Nganjuk. Jenis penelitian ini adalah non eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain penelitian berupa survei dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan data, yaitu monitoring dan evaluasi proses pembelajaran kurikulum 2013 yang bersumber dari Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, kemudian disebarkan pada guru PJOK kelas X dan XI di SMA Negeri se Kabupaten Nganjuk yang berjumlah 8 guru. Kemudian hasi peneitian di rata-rata dan dianalisis data persentase dan menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan data diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: Hasil persentase menunjukkan bahwa SMAN I Kertosono sebesar 71,81%, SMAN 1 Nganjuk sebesar 64,89%, SMAN 2 Nganjuk sebesar 77,87%, dan SMAN 3 Nganjuk sebesar 67,27%. Ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 75,63%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara keseluruhan tingkat pemahaman guru terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada kurikulum 2013 bidang pendidikan PJOK termasuk dalam kategori paham. Kata Kunci : survei keterlaksanaan kurikulum 2013, Guru PJOK, Abstract Teacher to role in improving the quality of learners, as well as having integrity and creativity. As teacher in of sport physical education and health in curriculum 2013 is required to apply the material in the form of thematic integrative learning model that form on character education and integrating the learning cotent with other subject. Therefore this research to purpose knowing how the understanding of teacher to the curriculum implementation 2013 in material sport physical education and health the SMAN Nganjuk Regency. This type of research is non experiment with research design and questionnaire survey as a data collectio, the monitoring and evaluation of the learning process of curriculum 2013 are sourced from the Ministry of Education and Culture. The data collection techniques in this quantitative descriptive. The result of this research showed that in SMAN 1 Kertosono was 71,81%, SMAN 1 Nganjuk was 64,89%, SMAN 2 Nganjuk was 77,87%, and the last at SMAN 3 Nagnjuk was 67,27%. While the class classical completeness was 75,63%. Based on research the result of the level understanding of teacher the implementation in the sport physical education and health curriculum 2013 included in the category are very familiar. Keywords : Curriculum 2013, sport, physical education, and health, teachers understanding
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Important Medicinal Plant Against Plant and Human Pathogens

The methanol leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica, Sida cordifolia, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifer and Ziziphus mauritiana showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum and antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Dreschlera turcica and Fusarium verticillioides when compare to root/ bark extracts. A. nilotica and S. cordifolia leaf extract showed highest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. and Z. mauritiana leaf extract showed significant activity against X. a. pv. malvacearum. Root and leaf extract of S. cordifolia recorded significant activity against all the test bacteria. A. nilotica bark and leaf extract showed significant antifungal activity against A. flavus, Ziziphus mauritiana and Tinospora cordifolia recorded significant antifungal activity against D. turcica The methanol extract of Sida cordifolia exhibited significant antifungal activity against F. verticillioides.
Soft-Output BEAST Decoding With Application to Product Codes

A bidirectional efficient algorithm for searching code trees (BEAST) is proposed for efficient soft-output decoding of block codes and concatenated block codes. BEAST operates on trees corresponding to the minimal trellis of a block code and finds a list of the most probable codewords. The complexity of the BEAST search is significantly lower than the complexity of trellis-based algorithms, such as the Viterbi algorithm and its list generalizations. The outputs of BEAST, a list of best codewords and their metrics, are used to obtain approximate a posteriori probabilities (APPs) of the transmitted symbols, yielding a soft-input soft-output (SISO) symbol decoder referred to as the BEAST-APP decoder. This decoder is employed as a component decoder in iterative schemes for decoding of product and incomplete product codes. Its performance and convergence behavior are investigated using extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts and compared to existing decoding schemes. It is shown that the BEAST-APP decoder achieves performances close to the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) decoder with a substantially lower computational complexity.