Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An emerging risk factor for obesity: does disequilibrium of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism contribute to excessive adipose tissue development?

A positive energy balance (energy intake>energy expenditure), in which total fat intake plays an important role, is commonly regarded as a major factor contributing to obesity. Adipose tissue development, i.e. both size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia), is stimulated by high dietary fat intake during early postnatal development, a susceptibility that now appears to continue well into adulthood. Recent human and animal studies suggest that by altering rates of adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, differences in the composition of dietary fat may also contribute to adipose tissue development. At least in rodent models, the relative intake of n-6 to n-3 PUFA is clearly emerging as a new factor in this development. In these models, higher linoleate intake raises tissue arachidonic acid, which increases prostacyclin production and, in turn, stimulates signalling pathways implicated in adipogenesis. Signalling pathways stimulated by arachidonic acid probably include phospholipase and/or cyclo-oxygenase activation and may be linked as much to relatively low intake of n-3 PUFA as to excessive dietary linoleate. One factor potentially contributing to oversight about the apparent role of dietary n-6 PUFA (especially excess dietary linoleate) in adipose tissue development is the historical overestimation of linoleate requirements and the enthusiasm for higher intake of ‘essential fatty acids’. More research is needed to address whether disequilibration of dietary PUFA intake contributes to the risk of obesity in humans.
Hemoglobin, leukocytosis and clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty: ANIN Myocardial Infarction Registry.

BACKGROUND Hemoglobin (Hb) levels may interact with inflammatory activation, but it is unknown whether the interaction has any impact on clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between admission Hb levels, leukocytosis and clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary angioplasty. Methods and Results The study group comprised 1,904 (1,380 men) patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, enrolled in a prospective registry. The primary endpoint of in-hospital death occurred in 90 (4.7%) patients. According to univariate analysis, extreme values of Hb (for 1(st) and 5(th) vs mid quintiles respectively: hazard ratio (HR) =7.1, P<0.001 and HR =3.2, P=0.024) and leukocytosis above median (HR =2.09, P=0.001) significantly correlated with in-hospital death. After dividing patients into high and low white blood cell (WBC) count groups, a U-shaped relationship of Hb levels and mortality was observed for patients with higher leukocytosis (1(st) and 5(th) vs mid quintiles respectively: HR =8.1, P=0.001 and HR =4.4, P=0.022), whereas in patients with lower WBC count higher mortality was related solely to the lowest Hb quintile (HR =6.9, P=0.010 vs mid quintile). Conclusion Higher mortality associated with higher Hb levels in STEMI patients treated with primary angioplasty is limited to patients with increased leukocytosis.
Crab Spiders Deter Insect Visitations to Slickspot Peppergrass Flowers

Insects visiting the flowers of slickspot peppergrass, Lepidium papilliferum (Brassicaceae), risk predation by crab spiders, Misumena vatia (Thomisidae). In a field study conducted at two sites in southwestern Idaho, 7.5±2.7% of L. papilliferum plants (range 0-30%, N =16 surveys of up to 40 randomly selected plants) harbored a crab spider. However, through 205 minutes of observations at plants with a spider, only 15 predation attempts were observed, with only 3 of those being successful. Despite the relatively low incidence of predation by crab spiders, an experiment revealed that the number of insects visiting L. papilliferum flowers was significantly lower at plants that harbored a crab spider than at plants free of spiders. In another experiment, floral visits increased significantly following the removal of crab spiders from individual plants. The deterrent effect of spiders was not due to a disproportionate avoidance response by certain types of insects; all insect families included in our analysis showed decreases in visitations to flowers when spiders were present, although none of these differences were statistically significant at the individual level. We found no significant change in the duration of visits to plants harboring a spider, implying either that the visitors were oblivious to the predators presence, or that they were aware of the predator but kept their distance. Our study is one of a growing number to find a decrease in floral visits in response to predators, suggesting that the phenomenon is more widespread than was previously recognized.
Dynamic Evaluation and Treatment of the Movement Amplitude Using Kinect Sensor

This paper presents a hybrid solution (software and hardware) integrating the computer and the Kinect sensor. The proposed solution, named GoNet v2, is an instrument for the dynamic and automatic evaluation of biomechanical rehabilitation processes. Experimental tests to evaluate the range of motion of body joints, especially for elbow flexion, elbow extension, shoulder abduction, shoulder flexion, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation, are presented and discussed. We also presented the exergamers for rehabilitation tests, based on Kabat diagonal and squatting. Ten healthy individuals were evaluated using the GoNet v2 and the universal goniometer, and twelve professionals evaluated the instrument through a survey. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the reproducibility, and for the accuracy analysis the errors were compared using the mean of the worst cases with movement. Regarding intra-examiner and inter-examiner reproducibility, high ICC values were found for the range of flexion/extension of the shoulder, abduction of the shoulder, and ulnar deviation, thus showing its optimum precision. According to the evaluation of the specialists, the GoNet v2 gave better results for the flexion/extension of the shoulder (3.61%) and elbow (3.17%), and also the abduction (2.11%) of the shoulder compared with the goniometer. The results showed that the GoNet v2 had a high reproducibility, except for radial deviation. The accuracy results were good for the abduction measurements of the shoulder and the flexion/extension measurements of the elbow and shoulder.
Aluminium metal matrix composites: A retrospective investigation

Aluminium matrix composites (AMMCs) are considered to be new generation potential materials for many engineering applications. Different kinds of reinforcement have been infused into the aluminium matrix in order to improve hardness, toughness, stiffness, wear resistance, fatigue properties, electrical properties and thermal stability as compared to their conventional unreinforced counterparts. The characteristics of AMMCs depend largely upon the type of reinforcement materials, interface bonding and processing parameters. In this article we have attempted to investigate the development of aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) along with associated challenges and significant application areas.
Direct detection of the Enceladus water torus with Herschel

Cryovolcanic activity near the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus produces plumes of H2O-dominated gases and ice particles, which escape and populate a torus-shaped cloud. Using submillimeter spectroscopy with Herschel, we report the direct detection of the Enceladus water vapor torus in four rotational lines of water at 557, 987, 1113, and 1670 GHz, and probe its physical conditions and structure. We determine line-of-sight H2O column densities of ~4 × 1013 cm-2 near the equatorial plane, with a ~50 000 km vertical scale height. The water torus appears to be rotationally cold (e.g. an excitation temperature of 16 K is measured for the 1113 GHz line) but dynamically excited, with non-Keplerian dispersion velocities of ~2 km s-1, and appears to be largely shaped by molecular collisions. From estimates of the influx rates of torus material into Saturn and Titan, we infer that Enceladus' activity is likely to be the ultimate source of water in the upper atmosphere of Saturn, but not in Titan's. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. HIFI has been designed and built by a consortium of institutes and university departments from across Europe, Canada and the United States under the leadership of SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Groningen, The Netherlands and with major contributions from Germany, France and the US.Figures 4 and 5 are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda. org
Attribute-Enhanced Face Recognition with Neural Tensor Fusion Networks

Deep learning has achieved great success in face recognition, however deep-learned features still have limited invariance to strong intra-personal variations such as large pose changes. It is observed that some facial attributes (e.g. eyebrow thickness, gender) are robust to such variations. We present the first work to systematically explore how the fusion of face recognition features (FRF) and facial attribute features (FAF) can enhance face recognition performance in various challenging scenarios. Despite the promise of FAF, we find that in practice existing fusion methods fail to leverage FAF to boost face recognition performance in some challenging scenarios. Thus, we develop a powerful tensor-based framework which formulates feature fusion as a tensor optimisation problem. It is nontrivial to directly optimise this tensor due to the large number of parameters to optimise. To solve this problem, we establish a theoretical equivalence between low-rank tensor optimisation and a two-stream gated neural network. This equivalence allows tractable learning using standard neural network optimisation tools, leading to accurate and stable optimisation. Experimental results show the fused feature works better than individual features, thus proving for the first time that facial attributes aid face recognition. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on three popular databases: MultiPIE (cross pose, lighting and expression), CASIA NIR-VIS2.0 (cross-modality environment) and LFW (uncontrolled environment).
Structure design and steering analysis of tracked undersea robot

Tracked undersea observing robot is proposed for the walking environment of soft land under the water. The structure of the robot is designed, and the track tensioning force automatic adjustment structure is put forward, which can conduct real-time adjustment on the track tension according to the change of the road environment, so that it can adapt to the slope and uneven road environment in the environment of soft land. The slope steering stress of the observing robot is analyzed to obtain the variation law longitudinal shift and the variation law of the steering resistance moment of the momentary steering center during the slope steering process, providing reference for the steering control of the undersea observing robot.
Multiuser Massive MIMO AF Relaying: Spectral Efficiency and Power Allocation

In this paper, we investigate the uplink and downlink transmission of a relay-aided multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output amplify-and-forward relaying system. In the uplink, the relay station (RS) processes the received signal from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> single-antenna mobile users, using maximum ratio combining or zero forcing (ZF), and then forwards the post-processed signal to the base station (BS) which employs the same processing to recover the user signals. In the downlink, the BS processes the signal using maximum ratio transmission or ZF precoding, forwards the post-processed signal to the RS, and then the RS processes the received signals using the same processing used at the BS and then forwards to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> users. In particular, we derive the ergodic spectral efficiency lower bound in closed-form for both uplink and downlink. Furthermore, we examine the power scaling laws and find that the transmit power of nodes can be cut down by a factor of the number of antennas without any performance loss. Finally, we solve the power allocation problem for sum spectral efficiency maximization and presented the power allocation strategy for the considered processing schemes.
Long‐term meteorological and soil hydrology database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States

A 17 year (1990–2006) meteorological and soil hydrology database has been developed for the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona. Data have been acquired at three automated weather stations, 5 soil profile trench sites, and 19 locations dispersed across the watershed colocated with recording rain gauges. Meteorological elements measured at the weather stations include air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, barometric pressure, solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, and net radiation. Soil hydrology properties measured at the weather stations, trench sites, and rain gauges include soil moisture, soil temperature, soil heat flux, and soil surface temperature. Data are available at http://www.tucson. ars.ag. gov/dap.
Foraging choices of vampire bats in diverse landscapes: potential implications for land‐use change and disease transmission

Summary In Latin America, the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus is the primary reservoir of rabies, a zoonotic virus that kills thousands of livestock annually and causes sporadic and lethal human rabies outbreaks. The proliferation of livestock provides an abundant food resource for this obligate blood‐feeding species that could alter its foraging behaviour and rabies transmission, but poor understanding of the dietary plasticity of vampire bats limits understanding of how livestock influences rabies risk. We analysed individual‐ and population‐level foraging behaviour by applying δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis to hair samples from 183 vampire bats captured from nine colonies in Peru. We also assessed the isotopic distributions of realized prey by analysing blood meals extracted from engorged bats and samples collected from potential prey species. In two adjacent but contrasting areas of the Amazon with scarce and abundant livestock, we used questionnaires to evaluate the incidence of feeding on humans. Population‐level isotopic signatures suggested substantial among‐site variation in feeding behaviour, including reliance on livestock in some colonies and feeding on combinations of domestic and wild prey in others. Isotopic heterogeneity within bat colonies was among the largest recorded in vertebrate populations, indicating that individuals consistently fed on distinct prey resources and across distinct trophic levels. In some sites, isotopic values of realized prey spanned broad ranges, suggesting that bats with intermediate isotopic values could plausibly be dietary specialists rather than generalists. Bayesian estimates of isotopic niche width varied up to ninefold among colonies and were maximized where wildlife and livestock were present at low levels, but declined with greater availability of livestock. In the Amazon, the absence of livestock was associated with feeding on humans and wildlife. Policy implications. We provide the first insights into the foraging behaviour of vampire bats in habitats with common depredation on humans and show how vampire bat foraging may respond to land‐use change. Our results demonstrate risks of rabies transmission from bats to other wildlife and are consistent with the hypothesis that introducing livestock might reduce the burden of human rabies in high‐risk communities.
Carrier Lifetimes in 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layers on the C-Face Enhanced by Carbon Implantation

Carrier lifetime in low carrier concentration 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown on the C-face was enhanced by using carbon implantation and post annealing. The measured carrier lifetime increased with the thickness of the epitaxial layer and was 11.4 µs for the 150 µm thick epitaxial layer. The internal carrier lifetime was estimated as 21 µs from the dependence of the measured carrier lifetime on the epitaxial layer thickness. This value is almost comparable to the reported values of the internal carrier lifetime for the layers grown on the Si-face.
Single-inductor multi-capacitor buck converter for high peak-to-average power envelope tracking

A linear power amplifier (PA) is used for powering high-bandwidth modulated signals with high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The efficiency of a PA significantly degrades using a fixed supply voltage, and an envelope-tracking (ET) power supply remains an essential alternative for improving the energy efficiency. This paper shows that a single-inductor multi-capacitor (SIMC) buck converter-based ET power supply can (a) achieve ultra-wide bandwidth for high PAPR envelopes and (b) simultaneously improve the overall dynamic energy efficiency of both the PA and the power supply. The proposed architecture employs a hybrid combination of inductive switching buck based ET power supply along with a bank of multiple output capacitors. This hybrid architecture is helpful to trade-off between the bandwidth and the output voltage ripple in order to preserve the linearity of PA. A hardware prototype is made. The experimental results are demonstrated to justify the effectiveness of tracking high-bandwidth PAPR envelopes while simultaneously minimizing the PA losses for low frequency envelopes. The SIMC buck converter achieves more than 85 % efficiency with the 7.5 W peak power level.
Does calcium ameliorate the negative effect of NaCl on melon root water transport by regulating aquaporin activity?

The hydraulic conductance (L0 ) of detached, exuding root systems from melon (Cucumis melo cv. Amarillo oro) was measured. All plants received a half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution, and plants stressed either solely with NaCl (50 mM) or with NaCl (50 mM) following treatment (2 d) with CaCl2 (10 mM) were compared with controls and CaCl2 -treated (10 mM) plants. The L0 of NaCl-treated plants was markedly decreased when compared to control and CaCl2 -treated plants, but the decrease was smaller when NaCl was added to plants previously treated with CaCl2 . A similar effect was observed when the flux of Ca2+ into the xylem and the Ca2+ concentration in the plasma membrane of the root cells were determined. In control, CaCl2 - and NaCl + CaCl2 -treated plants, HgCl2 treatment (50 μM) caused a sharp decline in L0 to values similar to those of NaCl-stressed roots, but L0 was restored by treatment with 5 mM DTT. However, in NaCl roots only a slight effect of Hg2+ and DTT were observed. The effect of all treatments on L0 was similar to that on osmotic water permeability (Pf ) of individual protoplasts isolated from roots. The results suggest that NaCl decreased the passage of water through the membrane and roots by reducing the activity of Hg-sensitive water channels. The ameliorative effect of Ca2+ on NaCl stress could be related to water-channel function.
Antigenicity of Leishmania-Activated C-Kinase Antigen (LACK) in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Protective Effect of Prime-Boost Vaccination With pCI-neo-LACK Plus Attenuated LACK-Expressing Vaccinia Viruses in Hamsters

Leishmania-activated C-kinase antigen (LACK) is a highly conserved protein among Leishmania species and is considered a viable vaccine candidate for human leishmaniasis. In animal models, prime-boost vaccination with LACK-expressing plasmids plus attenuated vaccinia viruses (modified vaccinia Ankara [MVA] and mutant M65) expressing LACK, has been shown to protect against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Further, LACK demonstrated to induce the production of protective cytokines in patients with active CL or cured visceral leishmaniasis, as well as in asymptomatic individuals from endemic areas. However, whether LACK is capable to trigger cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients cured of CL due to Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) or induce protection in L. infantum-infected hamsters [visceral leishmaniasis (VL) model], has not yet been analyzed. The present work examines the ex vivo immunogenicity of LACK in cured VL and CL patients, and asymptomatic subjects from an L. infantum area. It also evaluates the vaccine potential of LACK against L. infantum infection in hamsters, in a protocol of priming with plasmid pCI-neo-LACK (DNA-LACK) followed by a booster with the poxvirus vectors MVA-LACK or M65-LACK. LACK-stimulated PBMC from both asymptomatic and cured subjects responded by producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme B (Th1-type response). Further, 78% of PBMC samples that responded to soluble Leishmania antigen showed IFN-γ secretion following stimulation with LACK. In hamsters, the protocol of DNA-LACK prime/MVA-LACK or M65-LACK virus boost vaccination significantly reduced the amount of Leishmania DNA in the liver and bone marrow, with no differences recorded between the use of MVA or M65 virus vector options. In summary, the Th1-type and cytotoxic responses elicited by LACK in PBMC from human subjects infected with L. infantum, and the parasite protective effect of prime/boost vaccination in hamsters with DNA-LACK/MVA-LACK and DNA-LACK/M65-LACK, revealed the significance of LACK in activating human and hamster immune responses and support LACK to be a valuable candidate for inclusion in a vaccine against human VL.
A Self-Adaptive Bell–LaPadula Model Based on Model Training With Historical Access Logs

In currently popular access control models, the security policies and regulations never change in the running system process once they are identified, which makes it possible for attackers to find the vulnerabilities in a system, resulting in the lack of ability to perceive the system security status and risks in a dynamic manner and exposing the system to such risks. By introducing the maximum entropy (MaxENT) models into the rule optimization for the Bell–LaPadula (BLP) model, this paper proposes an improved BLP model with the self-learning function: MaxENT-BLP. This model first formalizes the security properties, system states, transformational rules, and a constraint model based on the states transition of the MaxENT. After handling the historical system access logs as the original data sets, this model extracts the user requests, current states, and decisions to act as the feature vectors. Second, we use $k$ -fold cross validation to divide all vectors into a training set and a testing set. In this paper, the model training process is based on the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm. And this model contains a strategy update algorithm to adjust the access control rules dynamically according to the access and decision records in a system. Third, we prove that MaxENT-BLP is secure through theoretical analysis. By estimating the precision, recall, and F1-score, the experiments show the availability and accuracy of this model. Finally, this paper provides the process of model training based on deep learning and discussions regarding adversarial samples from the malware classifiers. We demonstrate that MaxENT-BLP is an appropriate choice and has the ability to help running information systems to avoid more risks and losses.