Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circulation in Third World Countries

1. Themes on Circulation in the Third World Part I: Holistic Perspectives 2. Towards a Situational Sociology of Wage-Labour Circulation 3. The Hausa Wanderer and Structural Outsiderhood: an Emic and Etic Analysis 4. Circulation in West Java, Indonesia 5. Circulation: A Transition in Mobility in Peru Part II: Ecological Perspectives 6. Hunter Mobility, Family Organisation and Change 7. Traditional and Modern Patterns of Circulation in Pastoral Nomads: The Duru' of South-East Arabia 8. Vertical Circulation in Southern Ecuador 9. Seasonal Agricultural Circulation: The Strange Farmers of the Gambia Part III: Social Perspectives 10. The Avatime Family and Circulation 1900-77 11. International Migration as Circulation: Haitan Movement to the Bahamas 12. Religion and Circulation: Hindu Pilgrimage 13. Circulation and Schooling in East Africa 14. The Syndrome of Poverty and Wage Labour Circulation: The Indian Scene Part IV: Economic Perspectives 15. Settlement and Circulation in a Frontier Region: Illubabor Province, South-West Ethiopia 16. Circulation within Systems of Periodic and Daily Markets: the Case of Central Highland Ecuador 17. Town-City Circulation Among Young Yucatec Shoemakers 18. Is a Proletariat Emerging in Nairobi? 19. Differentials in Repeat and Return Migration in Thailand, 1965-70 20. New Polynesian Voyagers: Visitors, Workers and Migrants in New Zealand
Roughness determination of coarse grained alpine river bed surfaces using Terrestrial Laser Scanning data

Channel bed roughness principally controls fl ow resistance in gravel bed riv ers. Direct measurement of streambed surface roughness however remains a diffi cult problem in fl uvial geomorphology. The conventional methods for measuring bed roughness often require an exact knowledge of grain size distributions throughout a given stream reach and thus rigorous grain size analysis. This may be impractical for large catchments, and systems containing a large degree of form roughness. Surface characterization using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) addresses these problems. The ultimate goal of this research is to improve upon the methods for roughness length determination in gravel-bed rivers using TLS. To this end, two principle methodological considerations were examined. 1. ) The infl uence of the number of scan positions on roughness calculation. 2. ) The infl uence of grid-cell size on roughness calculation during post-processing. Scan data were furthermore compared to sediment samples to relate TLS-data to conventional roughness calculation methods. Several test sites in the Reintal valley, Bavaria, Germany were scanned from multiple orientations. The results from these experiments show that despite minor particle shading, roughness length determination does not depend signifi cantly on the number of scan orientations used. However, results clearly show that roughness length determination depends highly on the choice of grid cell size during post processing. This study supports the use of TLS as the most appropriate and versatile method for roughness analysis in gravel bed rivers.
Discrimination of small earthquakes and artificial explosions in the Korean Peninsula using Pg/Lg ratios

SUMMARY The purpose of this study is to develop a technique to discriminate artificial explosions from local small earthquakes (M4.0) in the time‐frequency domain. In order to obtain spectral features of artificial explosions and earthquakes, 3-D spectrograms (frequency, time and amplitude) have been used. They represent a useful tool for studying the frequency content of entire seismic waveforms observed at local and regional distances (Kim, Simpson & Richards 1994). P and S(L g) waves from quarry blasts show that the frequency content associated with the dominant amplitude appears above 10 Hz and Rg phases are observed at close distances. P and S(L g) waves from the Tongosan earthquake have strong amplitudes below 10 Hz. For the Munkyong earthquake, however, a broader frequency content up to 20 Hz is found. For discrimination between small earthquakes and explosions, Pg/L g spectral ratios are used below 10 Hz, and through spectrogram analysis we can see diVerent frequency contents of explosions and earthquakes. Unfortunately, because explosion data recorded at KSRS array are digitized at 20 sps, we cannot avoid analysing below 10 Hz because of the Nyquist frequency. In order to select time windows, the group velocity was computed using multiple-filter analysis (MFA), and free-surface eVects have been removed from all three-component data in order to improve data quality. Using FFT, a log-average spectral amplitude is calculated over seven frequency bands: 0.5 to 3, 2 to 4, 3 to 5, 4 to 6, 5 to 7, 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 Hz. The best separation between explosions and earthquakes is observed from 6 to 8 Hz. In this frequency band we can separate explosions with log(Pg/L g) above ’0.5, except EXP1 recorded at SIHY1-1, and earthquakes below ’0.5, except the Munkyong earthquake record at station KMH.
WINTER RESOURCE SELECTION BY THE AMERICAN MARTEN (MARTES AMERICANA): THE EFFECT OF MODEL RESOLUTION

WINTER RESOURCE SELECTION BY THE AMERICAN MARTEN (MARTES AMERICANA): THE EFFECT OF MODEL RESOLUTION Curtis Ian McKague University of Guelph, 2007 Successful management requires an understanding of the scale at which species use resources within their environment. Research shows considerable variability in resource preferences of American martens (Martes americana) across North America. This variability may be an artefact of the resolution used in analyzing resource selection. To test the effects of resolution, winter resource selection of martens was evaluated using resource-based models at coarse (i.e., forest stands) and fine (i.e., local sites within forest stands) resolutions near Kapuskasing, Ontario. None of the predictor variables reliably explained resource use by martens at the coarse resolution. Fine-resolution models, however, suggested that martens selected sites with a greater abundance of coarse woody debris and a greater proportion of cedar trees in comparison with available sites within marten home ranges. On average, fine-resolution models performed ten times better than coarse-resolution models in classifying resource use by martens. Advisors: Dr. J. M. Fryxell Dr. I. D. Thompson
The ‘Little Ice Age’ maximum in the Southern Alps, New Zealand: preliminary results at Mueller Glacier

Lichenometric-dating studies using the yellow-green Rhizocarpon subgenus at Mueller Glacier in the region of Mt Cook, Southern Alps, New Zealand, reveal a ‘Little Ice Age’ maximum about ad 1725/1730. Differences from previous studies are shown to result from different methods, especially the type of mathematical functions used for calculating the lichenometric dating curves. Previous work also used variable sample sizes, distal moraine slopes, and, to some extent, different fixed points. Schmidt hammer measurements enable the differentiation of ‘Little Ice Age’ from pre-‘Little Ice Age’ frontal moraines in the outer glacier foreland and confirm the status of the ‘Little Ice Age’ as a separate glacier advance among several advances during the Holocene.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A composite filter for low FDR of protein-protein interactions detected by in vivo cross-linking

In vivo chemical cross-linking combined with LCMSMS of digested extracts (in vivo CX-MS) can reveal stable and dynamic protein-protein interactions at proteome-wide scale and at peptide level. In vivo CX-MS requires a membrane permeable and cleavable cross-linker and a fast and sensitive search engine to identify the linked peptides. Here we explore the use of the search engine pLink 2 to identify cross-links induced in exponentially growing Bacillus subtilis cells treated in culture with bis(succinimidyl)-3-azidomethyl-glutarate (BAMG). Cross-linked peptide pairs were identified by pLink 2 in very short time at an overall FDR of < 5%. To also obtain a FDR < 5% for non-redundant inter-protein cross-linked peptide pairs additional threshold values were applied for matched fragment intensity and for the numbers of unambiguous y and b ions assigned to both composite peptides. Also the mass-and charge-dependent retention times of target peptides purified by diagonal strong cation exchange chromatography were used as a criterion to distinguish true from false positives. After application of the composite filter new protein-protein interactions were revealed among others between the global transcriptional repressor AbrB and elongation factor Tu and between the essential protein YlaN of unknown function and the ferric uptake repressor Fur. Significance: Important for reliable identification of PPIs by chemical cross-linking in vivo is a low FDR of non-redundant inter-protein peptide pairs. Here we describe how to recognize the presence of spurious interactions in a dataset of cross-linked peptide pairs enriched by 2D strong cation exchange chromatography and identified by LCMSMS by taking into account chromatographic behavior of cross-linked peptide pairs and protein abundance of corresponding peptides. Based on these criteria we assessed that the FDR of the fraction of non-redundant inter-protein cross-linked peptide pairs was approx. 20–25% by interrogating an entire species specific database at an overall FDR of 5% or 0.1% with a search engine that otherwise scores best in sensitivity among other search engines. We have defined a composite filter to decrease this high FDR of inter-protein cross-linked peptide pairs to only about 2%.
Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Overview Focusing on Emerging Pharmaceutical Treatment Approaches

Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the commonest and most disabling non-motor manifestations during the course of the disease. The clinical spectrum of PD-related cognitive impairment includes subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and PD dementia (PDD). As the disease progresses, cognitive decline creates a significant burden for the family members and/or caregivers of patients with PD, and has a great impact on quality of life. Current pharmacological treatments have demonstrated partial efficacy and failed to halt disease progression, and novel, effective, and safe therapeutic strategies are required. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence shows that several agents may provide beneficial effects on patients with PD and cognitive impairment, including ceftriaxone, ambroxol, intranasal insulin, nilotinib, atomoxetine, mevidalen, blarcamesine, prasinezumab, SYN120, ENT-01, NYX-458, GRF6021, fosgonimeton, INT-777, Neuropeptide S, silibinin, osmotin, cordycepin, huperzine A, fibroblast growth factor 21, Poloxamer 188, ginsenoside Rb1, thioredoxin-1, tangeretin, istradefylline and Eugenia uniflora. Potential underlying mechanisms include the inhibition of a-synuclein aggregation, the improvement of mitochondrial function, the regulation of synaptic plasticity, an impact on the gut–brain axis, the modulation of neuroinflammation and the upregulation of neurotrophic factors, as well as cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic and norepinephrine neurotransmission. In this updated overview, we aim to cover the clinical aspects of the spectrum of PD-related cognitive impairment and discuss recent evidence on emerging treatment approaches that are under investigation at a preclinical and clinical level. Finally, we aim to provide additional insights and propose new ideas for investigation that may be feasible and effective for the spectrum of PD-related cognitive impairment.
Advanced Practice Nursing: “Training” Pillar in Supporting the Proposal in Brazil

ABSTRACT Objectives: to present the pillars that support what has been called Advanced Practice Nursing and discuss the necessary training for its implementation. Methods: elements contained in assessment documents for graduate programs proposals, reports of presentations by international professors in countries and selected scientific publications were gathered to compose the argument. Results: practice/competency (adds broad and in-depth knowledge about health processes and scientific evidence, clinical reasoning and clinical skills for therapeutic indications); 3) professional regulation (corresponding legislation and monitoring); and 4) funding (broad training and professional practice policy). Final Considerations: the agenda for implementing Advanced Practice Nursing in Brazil involves joining efforts to identify stakeholders for a work to legitimize their importance in the country’s health and education overview.
Analysis of UK precipitation extremes derived from Met Office gridded data

In Simpson and Jones (2012) we introduced new, homogenized UK national and regional rainfall series derived from 5 km gridded daily and monthly precipitation data. The monthly series were extended back to 1766 for monthly England and Wales (EW) precipitation, to 1873 for monthly values for each of the five EW sub‐regions, and to 1931 for daily values in all regions. Using data from those series, this paper provides analysis of how mean precipitation totals and extremes have changed over the respective periods. The results showed statistically significant upward trends in mean and extreme winter, spring and autumn precipitation for some Scottish regions, but trends over England and Wales were mostly insignificant, though England and Wales had a significant increase in winter precipitation over 1766–2011. The trend in summer precipitation over 1931–2011 has been statistically insignificant, though with a significant long‐term downward trend for England and Wales over 1766–2011. Prior observations of a trend towards drier summers and wetter winters have been complicated by a recent succession of wet summers and dry winters. Many of the observed changes in seasonal precipitation totals are most likely associated with changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation.
A 33.6-dB Gain V-Band Driving Amplifier Using Half-Shielded Transformer

This letter presents a high-gain driving amplifier (DA) in 40-nm CMOS using half-shielded transformer (HSTF). The HSTF provides enhanced design flexibility and improved performance because of its adjustable half-shielded thick metal layer. To achieve efficient and accurate impedance matching, a matching model of HSTF is proposed. This model incorporates cross-coupling capacitors to capture electric-coupling between coils and utilizes series impedances to precisely represent the gate-level input impedances of transistors. Importantly, the proposed matching model is also applicable to conventional transformers. The measured DA demonstrates a 3-dB small-signal bandwidth of 12.3% from 57 to 64.5 GHz and a saturated output power of 12.2 dBm at 59 GHz. Last but not least, it achieves a power gain of 33.6 dB. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the highest power gain among published V-band CMOS DAs.
GPS accuracy part 2: RTK float versus RTK fixed

During the University of Calgary’s 2010 geophysics field school, geophone and source point locations for a 3C-2D seismic line were GPS surveyed by student crews over a period of many days. In the course of the RTK GPS (real time kinematic global positioning system) survey, some geophones were surveyed up to three times, particularly in problem areas on the line. In this case, the problem areas had thick bushes and trees, such that the GPS rover was not able to achieve a good GPS solution due to signal attenuation by the vegetation. Comparisons of the repeated data points show that RTK fixed solutions have the best repeatability (accuracy better than one decimeter). RTK float solutions can be as repeatable as fixed solutions, but can also be out by up to five meters, with no way to tell unless surveying a known point. The authors recommend RTK fixed solutions for small station/receiver spacings.
Influence of Governance on Regional Research Network Performance Influencia de la gobernanza en el rendimiento de las redes regionales de investigación

Public policy is clearly committed to supporting research as a driving force in regional development. However, few studies have yet to analyze the relationship between governance and performance of research group networks. An analysis of 11 multidisciplinary research networks containing 83 research groups revealed that governance does in fact influence network performance. Specifically, high-performance networks are characterized by relationships having strong ties, formalized structures and powerful groups with low centrality. These findings suggest the need to improve network consolidation and to better define decision-making bodies in order to ensure proper collective operation.
An Analysis of Isostasy in the World's Oceans 1. Hawaiian-Emperor SeamountChain

Cross-spectral techniques have been used to analyze the relationship between gravity and bathymetry on 14 profiles of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain. The resulting filter or transfer function has been used to evaluate the state of isostasy along the chain. The transfer function can be best explained by a simple model in which the oceanilithosphere is treated as a thin elastic plate overlying a weak fluid. The best-fitting estimate of the elastic thickness of the plate is in the range 20-30 kin. Analysis of individual profiles shows significant differences in the elastic thickness along the seamount chain. Relatively low estimates of the elastic thickness were obtained for the Emperor Seamounts north of 40oN, and relatively high estimates for the Emperor Seamounts south of 40oN and the Hawaiian Ridge. These differences cannot be explained by a simple model in which there is a viscous reaction to the seamount loads through time. The best explanation is a simple model in which the elastic thickness depends on age and hence temperature gradient of the lithosphere. The low values can be explained if the Emperor Seamounts north of 40oN loaded a relatively young hot plate, and the high values can be explained if the Emperor Seamounts south of 40oN and the Hawaiian Ridge loaded a relatively old cold plate. These estimates of the elastic thickness along with determinations from other loads on the Pacific lithosphe,re suggest that the elastic thickness corresponds closely to the 450 4- 150oC isotherm, based on simple cooling models. Thus the large deformations and associated flexural stresses (> 1 kbar) at seamount loads do not appear to change appreciably through time. This conclusion is in agreement with subsidence data along the seamount chain and with some gravity observations in the continents.
Regionalization of a monthly rainfall-runoff model for the southern half of France based on a sample of 880 gauged catchments.

The aim of this study was to provide a means of determining reference low flows at any point in the hydrographic network in the southern half of France, using a continuous monthly rainfall-runoff modelling approach. The model adopted here has two parameters that were calibrated on 880 catchments. The accuracy of the calibrated model was excellent for assessing the mean annual discharge, and limited errors were observed in predicting low flows. A regionalization procedure was performed for the two parameters, using an upward approach and adopting a grid of set values based on environmental data. Based on comparisons with optimum parameters, a regional map of corrected parameters was drawn up. This model satisfactorily simulates mean annual discharge, and the level of uncertainty observed on low flow values is acceptable, given the difficulty in estimating extremely low flows.
Small-Scale Packing Heterogeneities in Porous Sedimentary Rocks

Packing heterogeneity is defined as local variation in sorting, or more strictly, local variation in pore-size distribution. Small-scale packing heterogeneities essentially determine the amount of liquid which is held as an irreducible wetting phase saturation in a drained porous rock. The so-called irreducible saturations of two unconsolidated core samples were reduced by approximately half after the particles of each core had been well mixed to destroy small-scale packing heterogeneities. Irreducible saturation is proposed as an index of packing heterogeneity, which may reflect depositional environment and post-deposition history.
SPH modeling of fast muddy debris flow: numerical and experimental comparison of certain commonly utilized approaches

SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) is a particle, purely mesh-free Lagrangian method, proposed by different authors, well suited to the computing of highly transitory free surface flows of complex fluids in complex geometries. Different approaches have been proposed in order to better simulate the mutual interaction between particles and their interactions with boundaries. Therefore, the main target of this article is to discuss and explore the numerical performance of certain commonly utilized SPH approaches, based essentially on mass and momentum balances, in the simulation of a 2D fast mudflow in fast motion, composed of fluid and solid material, assumed to be just one equivalent phase (fluid-solid). The “Herschel-Bulkley”, non Newtonian constitutive equations, describing a viscoplastic material suitable to reproduce the rheological behaviour of mudflows, has been selected. Hence, a laboratory experimental test, already proposed in literature and, after properly scaling, representative of a real fast flow phenomenon, was considered for comparison with numerical outcomes carried out by a research code that has already been tested and discussed in previous papers. A simple but effective statistical approach was developed and applied in order to identify and utilize a numerical index suitable for the quantitative measurement of the degree of matching between numerical results and measurement data affected by experimental errors. More than thirty numerical experiments were performed, of which the most significant eleven simulations are discussed. Satisfactory results were achieved. As outcomes, it was verified that, in particular for the selected experimental test, Rusanov flux addition within the continuity equation with the proper choice of both the viscosity term of momentum and the SPH boundary conditions, is suited to enhancing the performance of this type of numerical simulation of a fast flow.
Direct measurements of transport and water properties through the Bering Strait

Four years of temperature, salinity, and velocity data enable a direct computation of volume transport and a temporal description of water properties exchanged through the Bering Strait. The mean volume transport over the 4-year period (September 1990 through September 1994) is 0.83 Sv northward with a weekly standard deviation of 0.66 Sv. The maximum error in this mean estimate is 30%. Interannual variability in transport is typically 0.1 Sv but can, at times, reach nearly 50% of the mean. The transport of 1.14 Sv during the first 9 months of 1994 is the largest in the last 50 years. The rate of winter salinity increase is very similar from year to year, suggesting regional average ice formation of about 5 cm d−1. The amplitude of the annual salinity cycle is about 2 psu, with salinity reaching a maximum in early April. There can be large interannual variations in the salinity (about 1), particularly in winter. Background autumn salinities average 32.0 in the eastern and 32.6 in the western channel.