Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Max-Min Resource Allocator and Task Scheduling Algorithm in Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing is a new archetype that provides dynamic computing services to cloud users through the support of datacenters that employs the services of datacenter brokers which discover resources and assign them Virtually. The focus of this research is to efficiently optimize resource allocation in the cloud by exploiting the Max-Min scheduling algorithm and enhancing it to increase efficiency in terms of completion time (makespan). This is key to enhancing the performance of cloud scheduling and narrowing the performance gap between cloud service providers and cloud resources consumers/users. The current Max-Min algorithm selects tasks with maximum execution time on a faster available machine or resource that is capable of giving minimum completion time. The concern of this algorithm is to give priority to tasks with maximum execution time first before assigning those with the minimum execution time for the purpose of minimizing makespan. The drawback of this algorithm is that, the execution of tasks with maximum execution time first may increase the makespan, and leads to a delay in executing tasks with minimum execution time if the number of tasks with maximum execution time exceeds that of tasks with minimum execution time, hence the need to improve it to mitigate the delay in executing tasks with minimum execution time. CloudSim is used to compare the effectiveness of the improved Max-Min algorithm with the traditional one. The experimented results show that the improved algorithm is efficient and can produce better makespan than Max-Min and DataAware.
Fast CSG Voxelization by Frame Buffer Pixel Mapping

This paper describes a fast algorithm for the volume conversion and rendering of CSG models constructed from both geometric and volumetric primitives. Using 3D texture mapping and frame buffer pixel operations, the algorithm can interactively generate a binary volume of the CSG model. The result can be used for volume rendering and other applications. Boolean operations are implicitly computed by a Point-Classification Map, and implemented by a hardware assisted frame buffer pixel map. The algorithm can be applied to any regions of interest of the model, thus provides a multi-resolution rendering solution through dynamic voxelization of the viewing regions. Since no pre-processing is required for any change of the CSG tree, it can be used as an effective rendering tool in a volumetric CSG modeling environment.
PTX3 function as an opsonin for the dectin‐1‐dependent internalization of zymosan by macrophages

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a tumor necrosis factor and interleukin‐1β‐stimulated gene that encodes a long PTX with proinflammatory activity. Here, we show that peritoneal macrophages derived from PTX3 transgenic (Tg) mice express higher levels of PTX3 mRNA than macrophages from wild‐type (WT) mice, at basal level as well as upon stimulation with zymosan (Zy). Macrophages from Tg mice also showed improved opsonin‐independent phagocytosis of Zy particles and the yeast form of the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. In the case of P. brasiliensis, an enhanced microbicidal activity accompanied by higher production of nitric oxide was also observed in macrophages from Tg mice. Using fluorescein‐activated cell sorter analysis and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated that basal level of Toll‐like receptor‐6 and Zy‐induced dectin‐1 expression was slightly but consistently higher in macrophages from Tg mice than in macrophages from WT mice. Recombinant (r)PTX3 protein binds to Zy particles as well as to yeast cells of P. brasiliensis and addition of rPTX3, to a culture of WT‐derived macrophages containing Zy leads to an increase in the phagocytic index, which parallels that of Tg‐derived macrophages, demonstrating the opsonin‐like activity of PTX3. It is important that blockade of dectin‐1 receptor inhibited the phagocytosis of Zy particles by WT and PTX3 Tg macrophages, pointing out the relevant role of dectin‐1 as the main receptor involved in Zy uptake. Our results provide evidence for a role of PTX3 as an important component of the innate‐immune response and as part of the host mechanisms that control fungal recognition and phagocytosis.
A CMOS UWB radar sensor for high speed moving objects

A radar sensor for high speed moving objects is implemented using single chip CMOS UWB IC. To reduce the measuring and processing time for the fast moving target, the reliable and low power consumed envelope detection architecture is used at the expense of high resolution. The equivalent time sampling technique is adopted for UWB transceiver, employing delay locked loop and digitally synthesized impulse generator with 1 ns resolution to detect the fast moving target. The measured results with 4 × 1 micro-strip patch array antennas show that the detection range is from 1 m up to 4 m and the resolution is 15 cm. The scan time over 15 m distance is expected to be less than 150 µs.
A SQFD Approach for Service System Design Evaluation and Optimization

To provide right service to the right customer at the right time and with reasonable price is the optimal goal of the service providers. Therefore in order to develop a competitive service system it is important to pay more attention on customer’s actual needs and the transformation of customer’s needs into the service system. With the experiences accumulated in developing and implementing some typical IT systems in manufacturing enterprises from past decade, ICES research center proposed SQFD, a lifecycle service quality assurance approach, to assist service providers to build better quality service system. SQFD not only adopted QFD approach in build-time service quality design, but also further extended it into run-time performance monitoring and evaluation, and bottom-up system optimization. As fundamental element of SQFD a model of service quality indicators is also presented in the paper.
Detecting Spam and Promoting Campaigns in the Twitter Social Network

The Twitter social network has become a target platform for both promoters and stammers to disseminate their target messages. There are a large number of campaigns containing coordinated spam or promoting accounts in Twitter, which are more harmful than the traditional methods, such as email spamming. Since traditional solutions mainly check individual accounts or messages, it is an urgent task to detect spam and promoting campaigns in Twitter. In this paper, we propose a scalable framework to detect both spam and promoting campaigns. Our framework consists of three steps: firstly linking accounts who post URLs for similar purposes, secondly extracting candidate campaigns which may exist for spam or promoting purpose and finally distinguishing their intents. One salient aspect of the framework is introducing a URL-driven estimation method to measure the similarity between accounts' purposes of posting URLs, the other one is proposing multiple features to distinguish the candidate campaigns based on a machine learning method. Over a large-scale dataset from Twitter, we can extract the actual campaigns with high precision and recall and distinguish the majority of the candidate campaigns correctly.
An Improved Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of the original AFSA algorithm at the optimal accuracy rate and overcome the weakness of the algorithm which is also trapped in the local optimum. To this end, the original AFSA was further improved based on the tabu strategy. Specifically, the reproduction and death were introduced to protect the best individuals and eliminate poor quality fish, so as to increase convergence and accuracy. Through simulation, it is proved that our solution can achieve high accuracy, good global convergence, and strong resistance to local minimum. The findings bring new light on the application of AFSA and provide valuable reference to studies in related fields.
Chemical change, production of tension and energy following stretch of active muscle of frog.

1. Measurements were made of the tension and the heat + work produced during 6.5 s of tetanic stimulation at 0 degrees C. The muscle was stretched by 3 mm to 1.2 times rest length either 1 s before stimulation began of 1 s after it began. 2. The extent of ATP splitting during the period from 1.5 to 6.5 s after stimulation began was determined from observations of the levels of phosphocreatine, creatine and the sum of inorganic phosphate and glucose‐6‐phosphate and glucose‐1‐phosphate. (The creatine kinase reaction was taken to be in equilibrium.) 3. In agreement with earlier findings more active tension was produced following a stretch when the stretch occurred during stimulation than when it occurred before stimulation. This increase was large and statistically significant. 4. The mean splitting of ATP was greater following a stretch during stimulation, but this change was small and not statistically significant. 5. During the interval from 1.5 to 2.5 s after stimulation began, which is shortly after the stretch ended, the rate of heat production was significantly greater than in the isometric contraction. 6. From 2.5 s to the end of stimulation and during relaxation the heat + work was not significantly different in the two types of contraction.
Cooperative game theoretic approach to integrated bandwidth sharing and allocation

The current trend in wireless communication networks involves the integration of different wireless access technologies into a single operator network. The possible leveraging of high deployment costs, and the possibility to increase revenue have also introduced the concept of network sharing between different operators. The problem of optimal allocation of bandwidth to multimedia applications over different wireless access networks, is augmented with the possibility of using the bandwidth of other operators who are willing to share bandwidth.We formulate the allocation of bandwidth within the operator network and distribution of excess bandwidth among operators as cooperative bargaining games. We provide distribution and allocation rules based on the Kalai-Smorodinsky Solution, and provide bandwidth offer algorithms based on these rules. We compare this integrated approach with the service and capacity based approaches in the literature.
Cooperative MISO-Based Energy Efficient Routing Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks

Combined multi-hop routing with cooperative communication technologies, a simple cooperative multiple-input-single-output (MISO) minimum energy relay scheme is proposed by the cross-layer design to jointly improve the energy efficiency, and end-to-end (E2E) QoS provisioning for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Under the ideal case, the energy efficiency of the protocol and Joint Optimization are analyzed in this paper. We focus on a multi-hop network with multiple virtual links at each hop and two routing strategies are designed to achieve the full diversity gain provided by the cooperative MISO. In particular, an optimal routing strategy is proposed to minimize the end-to-end energy consumption, which requires the information of all the links and serves as a performance bound. A localized optimization routing strategy is then proposed based on a hop-by-hop relay selection, which can be easily implemented in a distributed way.
Similarity between vowels influences response execution in word identification

Speech categories vary in their similarity to one another, with consequences for phenomena ranging from patterns of confusability under noisy listening conditions to phonological processes described as operating on relatively abstract representations. Studies of inter-category similarity are typically conducted by studying error rates in noise, or by using metalinguistic similarity judgments. Here, we exploited the continuous and non-ballistic properties of computer mouse movements to investigate, in a fine-grained manner, the intercategory similarity of speech sounds. Participants listened to recordings of naturally produced words (”pin,” ”pen,” and ”pan”) and used a computer mouse to select the matching stimulus from an array of two pictures. The same participants also performed a dissimilarity judgment task. Both tasks revealed evidence for graded effects of inter-category similarity, albeit in the context of strongly categorical classification. Multidimensional scaling of mean dissimilarity judgments revealed a very tight distribution of stimuli from the same category in perceptual space and, at a larger scale, differences between pairs of categories in their similarity to one another. Although accuracy in the word identification task was nearly perfect, arm-movement dynamics revealed attraction toward the alternative response, scaled in magnitude to the perceived similarity of the two categories.
NY-ESO-1 Expression in Meningioma Suggests a Rationale for New Immunotherapeutic Approaches

Baia, Caballero, and colleagues found that NY-ESO-1 is the most frequently expressed cancer/testis antigen in meningioma tumors, and its expression positively correlates with higher-grade disease and worst prognosis. NY-ESO-1 proteins elicit spontaneous humoral immune responses; the authors propose that NY-ESO-1–based immunotherapy should be explored as a complement to standard therapy for patients with meningioma. Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for these tumors. However, a significant number of tumors are not surgically accessible, recur, or become malignant, necessitating the repetition of surgery and sometimes radiation. Chemotherapy is rarely used and is generally not recognized as an effective treatment. Cancer/testis (CT) genes represent a unique class of genes, which are expressed by germ cells, normally silenced in somatic cells, but activated in various cancers. CT proteins can elicit spontaneous immune responses in patients with cancer and this feature makes them attractive targets for immunotherapy-based approaches. We analyzed mRNA expression of 37 testis-restricted CT genes in a discovery set of 18 meningiomas by reverse transcription PCR. The overall frequency of expression of CT genes ranged from 5.6% to 27.8%. The most frequently expressed was NY-ESO-1, in 5 patients (27.8%). We subsequently analyzed NY-ESO-1 protein expression in a larger set of meningiomas by immunohistochemistry and found expression in 108 of 110 cases. In some cases, NY-ESO-1 expression was diffused and homogenous, but in most instances it was heterogeneous. Importantly, NY-ESO-1 expression was positively correlated with higher grade and patients presenting with higher levels of NY-ESO-1 staining had significantly worse disease-free and overall survival. We have also shown that NY-ESO-1 expression may lead to humoral immune response in patients with meningioma. Considering the limited treatment options for patients with meningioma, the potential of NY-ESO-1–based immunotherapy should be explored. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(5); 296–302. ©2013 AACR.
Cell surface immunoglobulin. XI. The appearance of an IgD-like molecule on murine lymphoid cells during ontogeny

An Ig molecule containing L chains and H chains similar to human delta- chains has been detected on the surface of radioiodinated murine lymphoid cells. Newborn mice have only IgM on their splenocytes. Between 10 and 15 days, the IgD-like molecule appears and increases in amount until 3 mo of age, when it is the predominant cell surface Ig in terms of radioactivity. IgD is found only in peripheral lymphoid tissues and is present in larger amounts on peripheral lymph node cells (approximately 85% of surface Ig) than on splenocytes (approximately 50%). IgD is also present in comparable amounts on cells from both nu/nu and germfree mice, indicating that its expression may be independent of both thymic influence and antigenic stimulation. These studies suggest that there is a switch from cell surface IgM to IgD that occurs during differentiation of virgin B lymphocytes in the spleen.
Fuzzy Clustering Based Approach for Prediction of Level of Severity of Faults in Software Systems

There is lot of work done in prediction of the fault proneness of the software systems. But, it is the severity of the faults that is more important than number of faults existing in the developed system as the major faults matters most for a developer and those major faults needs immediate attention. As, Neural networks, which have been already applied in software engineering applications to build reliability growth models predict the gross change or reusability metrics. In which majority of faults are found in a few of its modules so there is a need to investigate the modules that are affected severely as compared to other modules and proper maintenance need to be done in time especially for the critical applications. In this present work, hybrid fuzzy-Genetic Algorithm and fuzzy clustering based technique to be studied. Fuzzy clustering Based techniques are also discussed for the comparative analysis in order to predict level of impact of faults in NASA’s public domain defect dataset. Predicting faults in the software life cycle can be used to improve software process control and achieve high software reliability. The results show that when the best prediction techniques are evaluated.
Evaluation of RxNorm for Representing Ambulatory Prescriptions.

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the RxNorm standardized drug nomenclature for representing ambulatory e-prescriptions. METHODS Using a sample of 19743 primary care e-prescriptions, we estimated the coverage rate of RxNorm for representing clinical drugs, measured the 6-month replacement rate for RxNorm concepts, assessed the consistency of two independent concept mappings, and investigated inconsistent mappings. RESULTS RxNorm contained concepts for nearly all prescriptions in the sample (99.995%). Of 1419 concepts used, 8.1% were replaced between April and October 2009. Independent mappings produced different concepts for 676 e-prescriptions (3.4%), but most differences would have low clinical significance. Most mismatches were related to the use of extended-release form concepts with no duration specified, inhalers vs. their contents, and clinically inert salts. CONCLUSIONS RxNorm provides concepts covering nearly all ambulatory e-prescriptions in this setting. Independent mappings were relatively consistent. Improvements could be made by enabling selection of the most-specific concepts when broader prescribable concepts exist.
Disaster Preparedness Kit: An Insight into the Emergency Tool

Disaster and the aftermath of it are terrible. The humankind has experienced a number of traumatic disasters over the past few decades. As disasters cannot be prevented, contingency planning for disaster management involving preparedness, mitigation, relief and rehabilitation are essential. Even though disaster demands immediate response, the resilience after disaster depends upon the level of preparedness. The current study addresses Disaster Kit which is one of the most important priority tools in disaster preparedness. The Global initiatives for disaster preparedness and reduction should be given highest priority by the international community. The purpose of the article is to disseminate information related to disaster preparedness kit to the entire scientific community thereby empowering the concept of disaster preparedness to enable each individual and family to remain comfortable during and after disaster.
Spectrum sensing algorithm based on improved MME-Cyclic stationary feature

The maximum and minimum eigenvalue (MME) spectrum sensing algorithm with features such as low complexity, no need of the prior information of authorized users, etc. However, because of its detection distribution function is not clear, researchers have improved the MME spectrum sensing algorithm from the point of view of the distribution function, but cannot solve the insufficient detection performance issues of these algorithms in low signal noise ratio (SNR). To solve this problem, this paper proposes two joint spectrum sensing algorithms based on two improved MME algorithms and cyclic stationary feature detection algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance of these two kinds of joint spectrum sensing algorithms is superior to both individual performance. At the same time, its performance is better than the performance of the simple MME-cyclic stationary feature joint spectrum sensing algorithm.
Native Birds and Alien Insects: Spatial Density Dependence in Songbird Predation of Invading Oak Gallwasps

Revealing the interactions between alien species and native communities is central to understanding the ecological consequences of range expansion. Much has been learned through study of the communities developing around invading herbivorous insects. Much less, however, is known about the significance of such aliens for native vertebrate predators for which invaders may represent a novel food source. We quantified spatial patterns in native bird predation of invading gall-inducing Andricus wasps associated with introduced Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) at eight sites across the UK. These gallwasps are available at high density before the emergence of caterpillars that are the principle spring food of native insectivorous birds. Native birds showed positive spatial density dependence in gall attack rates at two sites in southern England, foraging most extensively on trees with highest gall densities. In a subsequent study at one of these sites, positive spatial density dependence persisted through four of five sequential week-long periods of data collection. Both patterns imply that invading galls are a significant resource for at least some native bird populations. Density dependence was strongest in southern UK bird populations that have had longest exposure to the invading gallwasps. We hypothesise that this pattern results from the time taken for native bird populations to learn how to exploit this novel resource.
Experiences from conducting semi-structured interviews in empirical software engineering research

Many phenomena related to software development are qualitative in nature. Relevant measures of such phenomena are often collected using semi-structured interviews. Such interviews involve high costs, and the quality of the collected data is related to how the interviews are conducted. Careful planning and conducting of the interviews are therefore necessary, and experiences from interview studies in software engineering should consequently be collected and analyzed to provide advice to other researchers. We have brought together experiences from 12 software engineering studies, in which a total of 280 interviews were conducted. Four areas were particularly challenging when planning and conducting these interviews; estimating the necessary effort, ensuring that the interviewer had the needed skills, ensuring good interaction between interviewer and interviewees, and using the appropriate tools and project artifacts. The paper gives advice on how to handle these areas and suggests what information about the interviews should be included when reporting studies where interviews have been used in data collection. Knowledge from other disciplines is included. By sharing experience, knowledge about the accomplishments of software engineering interviews is increased and hence, measures of high quality can be achieved