Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLUE: Achieving Fast Update over Compressed Table for Parallel Lookup with Reduced Dynamic Redundancy

The sizes of routing table in backbone routers continue to keep a rapid growth and some of them currently increase up to 400K entries [1]. An effective solution to deflate the large table is the routing table compression. Meanwhile, there is an increasingly urgent demand for fast routing update mainly due to the change of network topology and new emerging Internet functionalities. Furthermore, the Internet link transmission speed has scaled up to 100Gbps commercially and towards 400Gbps Ethernet for laboratory experiments, resulting in a raring need of ultra-fast routing lookup. To achieve high performance, backbone routers must gracefully handle the three issues simultaneously: routing table Compression, fast routing Lookup, and fast incremental Update (CLUE), while previous works often only concentrate on one of the three dimensions. To address these issues, we propose a complete set of solutions-CLUE, by improving previous works and adding a novel incremental update mechanism. CLUE consists of three parts: a routing table compression algorithm, an improved parallel lookup mechanism, and a new fast incremental update mechanism. The routing table compression algorithm is based on ONRTC algorithm [2], a base for fast TCAM parallel lookup and fast update of TCAM. The second part is the improvement of the logical caching scheme for dynamic load balancing parallel lookup mechanism [3]. The third one is the conjunction of the trie, TCAM and redundant prefixes update algorithm. We analyze the performance of CLUE by mathematical proof, and draw the conclusion that speedup factor is proportional to the hit rate of redundant prefixes in the worst case, which is also confirmed by experimental results. Large-scale experimental results show that, compared with the mechanism in [3], CLUE only needs about 71% TCAM entries, 4.29% update time, and 3/4 dynamic redundant prefixes for the same throughput when using four TCAMs. In addition, CLUE has another advantage over the mechanism in [3] - the frequent interactions between control plane and data plane caused by redundant prefixes update can be avoided.
Comparative study and characterisation of Serine protease from Bacillus lichiniformis (MTCC) and Bacillus megaterium

In the present study we chose four cultures Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 2617, MTCC 2618) and WILD A, WILD B (isolated from poultry waste soil), were screened for protease. In the production Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 2617) and strain AR2 identified as Bacillus megaterium showed higher enzyme productivity (352U/ml and 321U/ml respectively). The enzymes were purified to its homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and ion exchange chromatography. The characterization showed similarity in optimum pH (9) and optimum temperature (55°C). Serine protease from the different sources showed different molecular weight in SDS-PAGE. The amino acid sequences of Serine protease of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus lichiniformis were downloaded from NCBI web server and aligned using ALIGN server's water program. It showed that there is 49% similarity between serine proteases produced from Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium (AR2). From these data we concluded that production of serine protease can be done with Bacillus megaterium (AR2) an efficient and alternative to Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 2617).
Design of a variable stiffness flexure mechanism for micromanipulation tasks

In micromanipulation tasks, the interaction force between the manipulator and an object or environment is difficult to control. In the traditional approach, force control is achieved by controlling the displacement of the end-effector during contact with an object, and therefore controlling of force and displacement cannot be decoupled. In this work, we propose to achieve interaction force control by varying the stiffness of the actuating mechanism. To achieve varying stiffness, a flexure mechanism with infinite resolution and no backlash is installed between the end-effector and actuators. The stiffness of a slender flexure element is varied by controlling its internal stress through piezoelectric actuators. The design procedure of the proposed variable stiffness mechanism is presented. Finite element analysis and experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the design. The stiffness of the prototype can be precisely controlled within the range of 5 to 25 kN/m.
Modification of Theoretical Fixed-point LMS Algorithm for Implementation in Hardware

In order to realize the adaptive signal processing in real time, a modified fixed-point LMS algorithm for implementation in hardware was proposed in this paper. Expressions of this modified fixed-point LMS algorithm were deduced from the theoretical fixed-point LMS algorithm according to rounding errors. Data problems were discussed and efficient settling methods were suggested. A modified 8-weight fixed-point LMS algorithm was implemented on FPGA. The correctness and quality of this modified fixed-point LMS algorithm can be confirmed through comparing simulation results between the implemented 8-weight fixed-point LMS algorithm and 8-weight theoretical fixed-point LMS algorithm. Rounding errors were inevitable for the reason of limited word-length. Values of rounding errors can be reduced to the minimum through adjusting the amplitude of input signal, step or others variables. When the range of signal- to-noise ratio can be allowed, this modified fixed-point LMS algorithm was very efficient and useful.
Insights Not Numbers : The Appropriate Use of Economic Models

Executive Summary Economic modeling has played a prominent role in the climate-change policy debate as stakeholders have sought to understand the impacts and assess the costs of different strategies for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Models are an invaluable tool for exploring alternative policy choices and for generating insights about how the economy might respond to different types and forms of regulation. They cannot, however, predict future events, nor can they produce precise projections of the consequences of specific policy. Every model uses its own set of assumptions, definitions, structure and data – its results ultimately depend on these attributes and choices. A proper understanding of economic models, their uses and limitations, is therefore critical in furthering a constructive debate about options for climate policy. As a starting point we highlight three general observations about the use of economic models: • While economic models have become increasingly sophisticated, forecasting the future remains inherently uncertain. The longer the time horizon of the analysis, the larger the uncertainties involved. • Model results are strongly dependent on input assumptions and on the structure of the model itself. Critical assumptions and structural biases are not always readily apparent to the outside observer. • What is left out of a model can be as important as what goes in. Whether a model accounts for the benefits (or avoided costs) of climate mitigation, technological change 1 The maxim " insights, not numbers " has a long and illustrious history starting with Hamming (1962) who argued that " insights not numbers" constitute the purpose of computing. The same maxim was subsequently applied by Geffrion (1976) in the context of mathematical programming and by Huntington, et al. (1982) in the context of mathematical modeling. We are also indebted to William Hogan who made the link to the Geoffrion piece and Richard Richels for occasionally reminding us what our objectives in modeling ought to be. These ideas probably all build on the work of W. Edwards Demming in the 1950s who, without ever explicitly using the phrase, surely implied that insights, not numbers are the purpose of statistical quality control. 3 spurred (or " induced ") by climate policy, or the " recycling " of revenues generated through certain policies can have large effects on the results. Many of the cost analyses published over the last decade rely on general equilibrium models that use complex systems of mathematical equations …
A Low-Power Routing Architecture Optimized for Deep Sub-Micron FPGAs

Signal propagation delay and leakage power dissipation of FPGAs mainly depend on the routing architecture. In this paper we propose solutions; adopted in an embedded FPGA developed both in 90nm and 65nm STM technology, which minimize the subthreshold current of the switch and connection blocks. Our approach leads to a reduction of more than one order of magnitude of standby leakage, up to 62% of active leakage of the routing architecture, having a small impact on signal delay, without silicon area increase
Low-level temporal coding impairments in psych sis: Preliminary findings and LOW-LEVEL TEMPORAL CODING IMPAIRMENTS IN PSYCHOSIS

We investigated whether difficulties with temporal event-coding, previously reported in patients elev preliminary, these findings indicate a generalised disturbance in event-structure coding at early stages of psychosis and question the specificity of its disturbance. Considering the pr with schizophrenia, are already present during first-episode psychosis (FEP). In this periment, the subjective judgements of the simultaneity of visually presented stimuli were mpared between 11 healthy controls, 9 chronic schizophrenia (CSZ) and a sample of 11 P patients. Participants were asked to indicate whether two vertical bars appeared at the me time or at different times on a computer monitor. CSZ patients’ thresholds were ated while the FEP sample also showed higher thresholds relative to controls. Although oposed relationship between event-structure coding and the experience of time in general, r study recommends future studies refocus on psychosis in general rather than on hizophrenia as a particular case of abnormal temporal processing. In addition, we suggest at the relevant psychopathology will be best determined by means of a comprehensive alysis of low-level temporal coding performance in different forms of psychosis.
Curative Effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsule on Postinfectious Cough: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Objective. In this paper, we intended to systematically evaluate the efficacy of Suhuang Zhike Capsule (SZC) on postinfectious cough (PIC) in adults (age > 18). Methods. MEDLINE (PubMed), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Cqvip Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database were researched for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SZC for PIC. The search was limited to human studies, using the search keywords or free-text terms “cough,” “post-infectious cough,” “postinfectious cough,” “post-cold cough,” “postviral cough,” “postcold cough,” “Suhuang Zhike capsule,” “Chinese Medicine,” and “randomized clinical trials”. Two reviewers individually extracted data from the included RCTs and then the extracted data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results. Seven RCTs involving 573 patients entered the inclusion criteria. Findings suggested that, compared with western conventional medicine (WCM) and other Chinese medicine, SZC could effectively improve the efficacy rate (OR 2.68, 95% CI, 1.48–4.84, P = 0.001; OR 4.86, 95% CI, 1.50–15.73, P = 0.008, separately). Moreover, SZC could also improve the efficacy rate of Chinese medicine symptom (MD −0.74, 95% CI, −1.46~−0.02, P = 0.04). However, in terms of cough relief time, more evidence is needed to prove that SZC have an earlier antitussive effect (MD −1.31, 95% CI, −3.06~0.45, P = 0.14). Conclusion. The current evidence shows that SZC is effective in the treatment of PIC in adults and can significantly improve the effective rate of Chinese medicine symptoms.
Nash equilibria for combined flow control and routing in networks: asymptotic behavior for a large number of users

We consider a combined routing and flow control problem involving multiple links, and a large number of noncooperative users, with the utility function of each user quantifying a trade-off between throughput and delay. We study the existence and characterization of 'approximate' Nash equilibria of the symmetric type when the number of users gets arbitrarily large, and demonstrate that there may not exist an approximate equilibrium with positive flow on all links. We also provide a complete set of results for the single user multiple link problem.
Combining visual and inertial features for efficient grasping and bin-picking

Grasping objects is a well-known problem in robotics. If the objects to be grasped are known, usually they are to be placed at a desired position in a desired orientation. Therefore, the object pose w.r. t the gripper has to be known before placing the object. In this paper we propose a simple and efficient, yet robust approach to this challenge, which can (nearly) eliminate dead times of the employed manipulator - hence speeding up the process significantly. Our approach is based on the observation that the problem of finding a pose at which the object can be grasped and the problem of computing the pose of the object w.r. t. the gripper can be solved separately at different stages. Special attention is paid to the popular bin-picking problem where this strategy shows its full potential. To reduce the overall cycle time, we estimate the grasp pose after the object has been grasped. Our estimation technique relies on the inertial parameters of the object - instead of visual features - which enables us to easily incorporate pose changes due to grasping. Experiments show that our approach is fast and accurate. Furthermore, it can be implemented easily and adapted to diverse pick and place tasks with arbitrary objects.
Clinical study of patients with persistent orofacial pain.

OBJECTIVE [corrected] To evaluate a sample of patients with persistent facial pain unresponsive to prior treatments. METHODS Hospital records of 26 patients with persistent facial pain were reviewed (20 female and 6 male). RESULTS Patients were classified into three groups according to their presenting symptoms: a)Group I, eight patients (30.7%) with severe, diffuse pain at the face, teeth or head; b)Group II, eight patients (30.7%) with chronic non-myofascial pain and; c)Group III, ten patients with chronic myofascial pain (38.4%). We find 11 different diagnoses among the 26 patients: pulpitis(7), leukemia(1), oropharyngeal tumor(1), atypical odontalgia(1), Eagle's syndrome(1), trigeminal neuralgia(4), continuous neuralgia(1), temporomandibular disorders (9), fibromyalgia (2), tension-type headache(1), conversion hysteria(2). After the treatment program all patients had a six-month follow-up period with pain relief, except the patient with tumor. CONCLUSION The wide variability of orofacial pain diagnosis (benign to life-threatening diseases) indicates the necessity to reevaluate patients presenting recurrent pain that is refractory to the usual treatments.
Training software developers and designers to conduct usability evaluations

Many efforts to improve the interplay between usability evaluation and software development rely either on better methods for conducting usability evaluations or on better formats for presenting evaluation results in ways that are useful for software designers and developers. Both of these approaches depend on a complete division of work between developers and evaluators. This article takes a different approach by exploring whether software developers and designers can be trained to conduct their own usability evaluations. The article is based on an empirical study where 36 teams with a total of 234 first-year university students on software development and design educations were trained through an introductory course in user-based website usability testing that was taught in 40 h. They used the techniques from this course for planning, conducting, and interpreting the results of a usability evaluation of an interactive website. They gained good competence in conducting the evaluation, defining user tasks and producing a usability report, while they were less successful in acquiring skills for identifying and describing usability problems.
Reasoning with Time Intervals: A Logical and Computational Perspective

The role of time in artificial intelligence is extremely important. Interval-based temporal reasoning can be seen as a generalization of the classical point-based one, and the first results in this field date back to Hamblin (1972) and Benhtem (1991) from the philosophical point of view, to Allen (1983) from the algebraic and first-order one, and to Halpern and Shoham (1991) from the modal logic one. Without purporting to provide a comprehensive survey of the field, we take the reader to a journey through the main developments in modal and first-order interval temporal reasoning over the past ten years and outline some landmark results on expressiveness and (un)decidability of the satisfiability problem for the family of modal interval logics.
Book Review: Reconstructing ‘education’ through mindful attention: Positioning the mind at the center of curriculum and pedagogy

Oren Ergas’s (2017) Reconstructing ‘Education’ Through Mindful Attention provides a needed fresh perspective on education, curriculum, and pedagogy through his argument that we should position the mind at the center of learning. He makes the argument that “in here” learning should be as visible and valued as “out there” or third person learning. Ergas argues that “education” as we know it is missing any emphasis on the actual mind itself. He writes, “we have somehow managed to construct an incredibly thoughtful operation called ‘education’ that is to ‘make minds’ yet we never stop to directly examine the mind that this operation is to shape” (p. 9). The idiom one “can’t see the forest for the trees” has meaning with Ergas’s book, as he articulates the ways in which education holds power as a social construct—but one that only privileges third-person learning and devalues or makes invisible first-person learning and experience.
Computation-distortion characteristics of block transform coding

A distortion-computation function D(C) is defined as the minimum expected distortion in computing some quantity while using no more than C computational units. In a communication framework, where the computational problem is to determine a representation that can be transmitted with expected rate not exceeding R, this gives slices of a rate-distortion-computation surface. The convexity of distortion-computation functions and rate-distortion-computation surfaces is asserted. Transform coding is studied as a particular instance of this theory. Explicit comparisons between the efficacies of the Karhunen-Loeve transform and the discrete cosine transform for coding of a Gauss-Markov source are given. Results are also given on joint optimization of the block length and the computational precision.
Active Steerable Driving Mechanism Using Two In-Wheel Motors for Omnidirectional Motion of Robotic Mobile Platform

In this paper, an active steerable driving mechanism with in-wheel motors is proposed. Before designing the robotic mobile platform, active caster wheels and active steerable driving wheels are studied. For design of the robotic mobile platform, we discuss about active steerable wheel design. The omnidirectional motion through the digital design exploration of the robotic platform using active driving and steering wheel is examined. As the major mechanical components, an active steerable driving wheel and in-wheel motors are described. The design is established by rapid prototyping model of omnidirectional motion.
Toward a Unified Framework for Swarm Based Image Analysis

Swarm based image analysis is a discipline, in which emphasis is on developing swarms with different rules and interactions for obtaining a specific emergent behavior, which may be used in an image analysis context. As the swarm process and results are readily visible, swarm based image analysis is an excellent discipline for obtaining a greater understanding of swarm theory. Currently there is no common way of implementing swarm algorithms for image analysis. This is unfortunate as the emergent behavior is highly sensitive to implementation details, as illustrated here by examples. In order to learn more about the behavior of swarms and share results, such a unified framework is proposed here. Although the focus will be on image analysis, the framework could serve as a basis for a more general swarm algorithm framework.
Designing data storage tier using Integer Programing

Data storage tiers are increasing in size to support the demands for high capacity and performance, and so the tiers with a capacity of hundreds of TB or even PB are becoming more prevalent. The design of a storage tier of this scale is a complex task involving many competing criteria such as capital expenditure (CapEx) and operational expenditure (OpEx). In this paper we present an Operations Research (OR) approach for the optimal design of storage tiers -- by taking various considerations from the system components and their interconnections -- so as to ultimately scale out to a much larger storage tier. By combining well-known Integer Programming in an innovative way we can automatically design storage tiers with capacities of hundreds of TB in reasonable time. Additionally, we demonstrate our method using a real-world case study involving the design of a disk-based archival storage tier.
Problems and Countermeasures for Disaster Reduction in China's Remote Rural Areas

In front of various disasters, the remote rural areas of China appear to be more vulnerable. Because of lacking sufficient attention, disaster reduction in these areas has become the short board of the disaster prevention and reduction system in china. Therefore, this paper lays special stress on analyzing the causes that giving rise to this phenomenon, and the deficiencies in execution, and then proposes some practicable ways to change this situation.
Newspaper coverage of mental illness in England 2008-2011

Background Better newspaper coverage of mental health-related issues is a target for the Time to Change (TTC) anti-stigma programme in England, whose population impact may be influenced by how far concurrent media coverage perpetuates stigma and discrimination. Aims To compare English newspaper coverage of mental health-related topics each year of the TTC social marketing campaign (2009-2011) with baseline coverage in 2008. Method Content analysis was performed on articles in 27 local and national newspapers on two randomly chosen days each month. Results There was a significant increase in the proportion of anti-stigmatising articles between 2008 and 2011. There was no concomitant proportional decrease in stigmatising articles, and the contribution of mixed or neutral elements decreased. Conclusions These findings provide promising results on improvements in press reporting of mental illness during the TTC programme in 2009-2011, and a basis for guidance to newspaper journalists and editors on reporting mental illness.