Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biopsy studies of human endometrium: criteria of dating and information about amenorrhea, menorrhagia, and time of ovulation.

Of 900 biopsies made with a small suction curet 457 from 329 women were analyzed to show the progression of the endometrium from the high-estrogen early-proliferative phase, immediately following menstruation, through the late proliferation occurring about Day 12 foll owing menstruation. Classifications from Days 14 to 27 are much easier to make because the 1st sign of progestin effect causes significant change. On Day 15 vacuolization of the cytoplasm and beginning migration of the nuclei toward the surface of the cells is seen, leaving a lucid zone underlying the nuclei. On Day 17 this zone is well-marked and the nuclei above it are lining up to lie later each beside the other near the middle of the cell. On Day 19 the row of nuclei has sunk distally near to the base of all the cells. On Day 18 a beginning edema of the stroma is seen, first in patches; by Day 21 it is generalized and the last vestige of the zona pellucida has disappeared. On Day 21 the process of secretion, which began about Day 17, is well advanced. From Day 21 on the signs of hormonal action are seen not primarily in the gla nds but in the stroma and vascular system. Edema has become generalized by Day 21; on Day 23 the stroma cells are larger, more thick-walled, and more numerous; by Day 25 the edema is replaced by masses of contiguous large cells with large pale nuclei and much cytoplasm; and on Day 26 size of the stroma cells has extended so that almost all the interglandu lar cells are contiguous. On Day 27 this solidification of the most sup erficial stroma becomes complete, the glands are widely dilated, the epithelium approaches the cuboidal, the vascular system is highly developed, and the arterioles and venules are engorged with blood. Late on Day 27, just before menstruation, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes appear in great numbers and erythrocytes appear in clumps. T he whole predeciduum is infiltrated, the stroma nuclei become pale, neutrophils appear in large numbers, the tissue disintegrates, and menstruation occurs. Understanding of this normal process can aid in clinical diagnosis of menstrual disorders. A series of biopsies taken with a small surgical curet does little tissue damage and can reveal hormonal imbalance, thin stroma associated with menopause or hypoplastic endometrium, and such pathological conditions as tuberculous endometritis and cancer of the endometrium. In the 3 cases in which a woman with unsuspected early pregnancy was biopsied, no harm was done. This study showed amenorrhea is usually due to deficient follicular development but may be present even if a proliferative endometrium shows a high degree of follicle activity; in the absence of pregnancy there is never a persistent corpus aluteum.
The New Labor Market

Development in the South has for years been a topic of theorization and analysis because of the need to overcome the poverty that affects most of the region's inhabitants. The case of Chile is no exception. Although the social transformations of the mid1980s have produced positive indicators of macroeconomic performance, they have also had a direct impact on people's quality of life. The establishment of a new development style after the military dictatorship profoundly deregulated the markets, in particular the labor market, leaving workers unprotected vis-a-vis management. Because of the deregulation promoted by neoliberalism, the labor market has ceased to serve as the main mechanism of social integration and become an instrument of the reproduction of poverty. The sectors of the economy that are considered dynamic present important evidence of the increasing precariousness of employment, and current wage levels leave a substantial part of Chilean workers and families unable to satisfy their basic needs.
Toward a Theory of Financial Accounting

THE PURPOSE OF financial information (including accounting information), concerning the outcomes of business enterprises, is to facilitate the decision process utilized by rational investors in determining their consumption-investment plans. At the very least, any logical framework purporting to be a theory of accounting should be able to explain explicitly what the effects of information are on this process. Unfortunately, to date, this goal remains unrealized. The purpose of this paper is to discuss what we believe to be the setting necessary to analyze the role of information in the investors' decision process and to consider the details that characterize such a setting. Obviously, much effort has been devoted to analyzing many different aspects of the relationship between accounting information and the investors' decision process, but unfortunately very few noteworthy results have been derived. While it is not necessary to review these efforts, it is crucial to note that almost without exception they fail to explicitly recognize the implications which arise because use of accounting information in the decision process takes place within the context of a market' which allocates goods, resources and, implicitly, "risks. " Conclusions regarding the effects of information or changes in information that are developed outside of a market context are most often incorrect. For example, if one considers the effect of more (costless) information on an isolated investor, one might conclude that the investor is no worse off since the set of available alternatives and "more" information contains as a subset the set of alternatives available with "less" information. However, if more information is to be provided by increased disclosure on published financial statements, the conclusion is not in general true. The analysis fails to recognize that some of the parameters (e.g., prices in the budget constraint) in the investors' decision problem are, in fact, endogeneously generated by the simultaneous action of all investors participating in the market. Indeed, this is what Hirshleifer [15] demonstrated in his seminal article. A necessary prerequisite for the general equilibrium approach is the judicious characterization of those specifics of the market setting which are crucial in capturing the effects of information. Indeed, judicious characterization is an art requiring an understanding of the results desired, the alternative characterizations available, insight and luck. With the hope that we will facilitate this process and hasten the development of a theory of accounting, the next section of the paper
Antifibrotic effects of matrine on in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis in rats.

AIM To study the antifibrotic effects of matrine in vitro a nd in vivo. METHODS Rat hepatic stellate cell HSC-T6 and mouse fibroblast cell NIH3T3 proliferation stimulated with serum and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was measured b y crystal violet staining assay. Collagen synthesis stimulated with serum and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) was determined by [3H]proline incorporation. Liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats an d evaluated with plasma hyaluranic acid level and hepatic hydroxyproline content. RESULTS Matrine (1-2 mmol/L) markedly reduced serum-driven proliferation and collagen synthesis of HSC-T6 cells as well as NIH3T3 cells. PDGF-driven proliferative activity and TGF-beta1-driven collagen synthesis in HSC-T6 cel ls were attenuated by matrine (0.25-2 mmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo matrine (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) significantly decreased serum hyaluranic acid levels and hepatic hydroxyproline contents in rats treated with CCl4. CONCLUSION Inhibition of PDGF and TGF-beta1 actions on hepatic stellate cell by matrine might provide a possible mechanism of its antifibrotic activities.
Psychological factors associated with diabetes self-management among adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: A systematic review

This review aims to synthesise the literature examining the psychosocial variables related to self-management (insulin adherence, non-adherence and administration, blood sugar monitoring, dietary behaviour, exercise behaviour) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A systematic search of three electronic databases was carried out and, after the application of eligibility criteria, 21 articles were assessed for quality prior to data extraction. Numerous psychological factors were found to be associated with self-management; however, correlations were typically small to moderate. The strongest associations were found between social anxiety and diet (among males); greater intrinsic motivation, conscientiousness and diet; and extraversion and exercise.
Accounting Discretion in Goodwill Impairments: UK Evidence

This study examines managers’ use of discretion in determining goodwill impairment losses following the mandatory adoption of IFRS 3 “Business Combinations,” and whether this discretion reflects opportunistic reporting by managers or the provision of their private information. Although IFRS 3 was issued to improve the accounting treatment for goodwill and provide users with more useful and value-relevant information regarding the underlying economic value of goodwill, it has been criticized on the grounds of the managerial discretion inherent in impairment testing. Therefore, ex-ante, it is unclear how the impairment-only approach has affected the reporting of goodwill impairment losses. After controlling for economic factors, empirical results reveal that managers are exercising discretion in the reporting of goodwill impairments following the adoption of IFRS 3. Specifically, goodwill impairments are more likely to be associated with recent CEO changes, income smoothing and “big bath” reporting behaviors. However, the results also indicate that goodwill impairments are strongly associated with effective governance mechanisms suggesting that managers are more likely to be exercising their accounting discretion to convey their private information about the underlying performance of the firm rather than acting opportunistically. These inferences are robust to various modeling specifications and variable definitions, suggesting that IFRS 3 has provided managers with a framework to reliably convey their private information about future cash flows consistent with the IASB's objectives in developing the impairment standard.
7. The Conditions for Successful Collective Action

The purpose of this paper is to summarize some of the bargaining issues involved in collective action to address local common-pool problems and to illustrate them in three empirical cases. The importance of timing or the sequence of coalition building and the heterogeneity of the participant's preferences, information and stakes in the problem are emphasized. Two of the empirical cases involve traditional CPR problems and efforts to resolve them in fisheries and oil fields. The third involves collective action by private firms to obtain government assistance to control orange shipments so as to fix prices. Although the cases are quite different, with one involving a non-renewable resource, another a renewable resource and a third addressing cooperation for provision of an industry public good, the bargaining problems encountered among heterogeneous parties are very similar. This condition allows for generalizations to be drawn about the conditions for successful collective action.
University of Groningen Electron microscopy of cyanobacterial membrane proteins

The larger protein complexes of the cyanobacterial photosynthetic membrane of Thermosynechoccus elongatus and Synechocystis 6803 were studied by single particle electron microscopy after detergent solubilization, without any purification steps. Besides the “standard” L-shaped NDH-1L complex, related to complex I, large numbers of a U-shaped NDH-1MS complex were found in both cyanobacteria. In membranes from Synechocystis ΔcupA and ΔcupA/cupB mutants the U-shaped complexes were absent, indicating that CupA is responsible for the U-shape by binding at the tip of the membrane-bound arm of NDH1MS. Comparison of membranes grown under air levels of CO2 or 3% CO2 indicates that the number of NDH-1MS particles is 30 fold higher under low CO2. Abbreviations: n-dodecyl, D-maltoside, -DM; high CO2 (3 or 5%), HC; low CO2 (air level), LC Published in: FEBS Letters, 582, 249-254 (2008)
The Hot Desk Shuffle

For many organizations, the cost of accommodation is a major proportion of their total costs. When you add to the basic cost of providing the space (rent and rates or building purchase costs), all the other costs associated with providing space (heating, lighting, fittings, furniture, services, etc.), making space available for any service or anyone can be seen as not insignificant.
A PLEA FOR BIOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH AS INSIGHT INTO SMALLER FIRM MARKETING THEORY GENERATION

Much existing marketing theory of the firm fails to account for the particular behaviour of the smaller firm and, more specifically, the microenterprise. Research at the Marketing and Entrepreneurship interface has produced a range of alternative insights into smaller firm marketing and in terms of how formal models of marketing need to be altered in order to account for the practices of networking, word of mouth marketing, opportunity recognition and other entrepreneurial marketing factors. A radical rethinking of small firm marketing theory is needed, based on the joining together of existing Marketing and Entrepreneurship inter-face constructs and additional insight from other disciplines. Creativity is one of the central components of the Marketing and Entrepreneurship interface, giving the smaller firm competitive advantage in the marketplace. This paper examines evidence of creative, entrepreneurial marketing from a biographical perspective by focusing on the behaviour of the risk taking artist. By adopting a little used methodology in small firm research, this gives fresh insight and informs small firm marketing theory and practice.
Reconstruction of tubular structures in three-dimensional collagen gel culture using proximal tubular epithelial cells voided in human urine

SummaryHuman proximal tubular (PT) epithelial cells were isolated from urine and monoclonally cultured as monolayers for 1 wk, after which they were subcultured between two layers of collagen gel, designated a “collagen gel sandwich. ” Under these culture conditions, PT cells formed three-dimensional tubular structures exhibiting distinct polarized cell morphology. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies showed that they bore numerous microvilli at the apical surface and that they closely contacted the collagen gel at the basal surface. These studies indicate that PT cells exfoliated in urine still exhibit the potential to proliferate and form organized structures mimicking in vivo tubules. Because of the current lack of useful culture systems for human tubular epithelial cells originating from kidney tissue, we suggest that this unique culture system using voided PT cells in urine could open up new avenues to study not only the mechanisms of morphogenesis but also the physiology of human PT cells.
Carotid bifurcation CT angiography: assessment of interactive volume rendering.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of CT angiography (CTA) for the assessment of carotid bifurcation stenosis, using interactive volume rendering (VR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), and 2D transverse CT technique (t-CT). METHOD Nineteen consecutive patients were prospectively studied with CTA and selective digital subtraction angiography (DSA). There were 13 men and 6 women from 51 to 84 years old (mean 70 years). Results of DSA were compared with those of interactive VR, MIP, and conventional t-CT results, using North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria for stenosis grading. RESULTS There were a total of 38 carotid bifurcations studied, with 9 mild, 10 moderate, and 15 severe stenoses and 4 occlusions. Overall agreement with DSA for VR was achieved in 76%. Eighty percent of the severe stenoses were correctly predicted by VR. The overall agreement between t-CT and DSA was 89%. MIP images, when analyzed independently, showed an overall agreement with angiography of only 71%. VR was not significantly different from MIP (p = 0.60). The difference between VR and t-CT had borderline significance (p = 0.09). MIP had significantly poorer agreement with angiography than t-CT (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION CTA has a high degree of accuracy for the assessment of carotid artery disease compared with catheter angiography. Interactive VR increases the accuracy of diagnosing carotid stenosis and decreases the number of unsatisfactory studies as compared with MIP. Further advances in computation speeds and improvements in software may dramatically alter the future use of VR for the communication of results to clinicians; however, careful analysis of transverse sections is essential to accurate CT interpretation.
The Transfer of Resources and Competencies for Developing Technological Capabilities - The Case of Fujitsu-ICL

In the management literature and the literature on technology transfer, it is widely acknowledged that learning in general, and the leveraging of knowledge throughout firms in particular, is important. However, there appears little systematic evidence of what technology and knowledge is transferred between organizations and how this occurs. The literature also tends to neglect how firms use such technology/knowledge transfer to cultivate appropriate technological capabilities. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by examining the successful exchange of resources and competencies between Fujitsu and ICL, and how it helped to extend the technological capabilities of both firms. It traces the evolution of the relationship from that of a loose technology-sharing agreement to that of sustained project collaboration and partnership. This relationship proved to be enduring, and provides a road map for firms engaged in technology/knowledge transfer to develop their indigenous technological capabilities.
Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Risk of Breast Cancer in Western Australia

Objective: To evaluate current breast cancer risk due to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Methods: We analyzed data from the Western Australian population-based Breast Cancer Employment and Environment Study. The Breast Cancer Employment and Environment Study included 1205 cases with incident breast cancer during 2009–2011 and 1789 controls. Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with logistic regression models. Results: There was a weak, not statistically significant association between breast cancer and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (OR = 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 1.57). The risk of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer with occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in women who were premenopausal at the time of interview was higher (OR = 2.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 6.03). Conclusions: This study suggests that the risk of breast cancer is low at current levels of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, although the risk of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive cancer may be a concern.
Comparison of polarization properties of human adult microglia and blood‐derived macrophages

Both microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, and infiltrating blood‐derived macrophages participate in inflammatory responses in the CNS. Macrophages can be polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes, which have been linked to functional properties including production of inflammation association molecules and phagocytic activity. We compare phenotypic and functional properties of microglia derived from the adult human CNS with macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes in response to M1 and M2 polarizing conditions. Under M1 conditions, microglia and macrophages upregulate expression of CCR7 and CD80. M2 treatment of microglia‐induced expression of CD209 but not additional markers CD23, CD163, and CD206 expressed by M2 macrophages. M1‐polarizing conditions induced production of IL‐12p40 by both microglia and macrophages; microglia produced higher levels of IL‐10 under M1 conditions than did macrophages. Under M2 conditions, microglia ± LPS produced comparable levels of IL‐10 under M1 conditions whereas IL‐10 was induced by LPS in M2 macrophages. Myelin phagocytosis was greater in microglia than macrophages under all conditions; for both cell types, activity was higher for M2 cells. Our findings delineate distinctive properties of microglia compared with exogenous myeloid cells in response to signals derived from an inflammatory environment in the CNS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BitCurator: Tools and Techniques for Digital Forensics in Collecting Institutions

This paper introduces the BitCurator Project, which aims to incorporate digital forensics tools and methods into collecting institutions' workflows. BitCurator is a collaborative effort led by the School of Information and Library Science (SILS) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities (MITH) at the University of Maryland. The project arose from a perceived need in the library/archives community to develop digital forensics tools with interfaces, documentation, and functionality that can support the workflows of collecting institutions. This paper describes current efforts, ongoing work, and implications for future development of forensic-based, analytic software for born-digital materials.
The Effect of State Tax Incentives on Economic Growth and Firm Location Decisions: An Overview of the Literature

This article reviews the tax study literature to assess the state of knowledge about the relationship among taxes, related factors, and economic growth as well as the use of tax incentives to influence business locations. Although tax studies have become increasingly sophisticated, especially during the past decade, they have tended to yield conflicting results regarding whether taxes matter. Some studies focus on costs and benefits of tax incentives, but few look to see whether public monies could have been better spent or whether tax incentives were economically justified. Tax studies offer little guidance to policy makers concerned about fine-tuning tax rates or tax offerings and effectively employing tax incentives as economic development tools.
Medicinal and Socio-Cultural Importance of Costus Afer (Ker Grawl) in Nigeria

Medicinal plants play a great role in human life and have substances that are used for traditional therapeutic and modern drug production purposes in primary health care delivery. Costus afer as a medicinal plant is commonly used for traditional therapeutic and other socio cultural purposes such as wrapping of indigenous food items, mat making, feed to small ruminants, treatment of cough, measles, malaria, eye defects, hunch back and evil repellants. The major constituents of C. afer for modern drug production are steroidal sapogenins, saponins aferosides A-C and dioscin.
NEAR‐ULTRAVIOLET MODIFICATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI B UBIQUINONE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO *

Abstract— Ubiquinone Q‐8 in Escherichia coli B was labeled by growing the bacteria in a synthetic growth medium containing p‐hydroxybenzoic acid‐ 14C(U). The cells were then irradiated with light of wavelengths 313, 334, 366, and 405 nm, and Q‐8‐ 14C was extracted and assayed. Q‐8‐ 14C was also isolated from unirradiated bacteria, partially purified, and then irradiated similarly in hexane and assayed. Ubiquinone in the cells was four to eight times as resistant to radiation as ubiquinone in hexane. From 313 to 366 nm, the in vivo and in vitro action spectra were similar to each other and to the absorption spectra of synthetic Q‐8 dissolved in hexane or ethanol, but at 405 nm the action spectra deviated from the absorption spectra. Quantum yields for the modification (loss) of ubiquinone in hexane decreased from 0·021. at 313 nm to 0·005 at 405 nm.