Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Corn following Soybean in Irrigated Sandy Loams

Crop rotation influences yield through its effects on nutrient and pest cycles, soil C, water availability, and soil physical and chemical properties. A cropping system study was conducted from 2004 to 2008 near Brunswick, NE, on sandy loam (Haplustolls) soils to evaluate improvements of irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency (NUE) when following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] in 2 yr as corn following soybean (CS) or in 3 yr as first-year corn following soybean (C1) and second-year corn following soybean (C2) compared with continuous corn (CC). SPAD readings at V10 and R2 were approximately 3 to 4% greater in CS than CC, indicating more in-season N availability. Corn grain yield of CS (12.1 Mg ha⁻¹) was 20% greater than CC (10.1 Mg ha⁻¹), with 69 and 57% greater NUE and N recovery efficiency, respectively. At zero N applied, corn harvest index was 15% greater in CS with 37% increased plant N uptake at harvest compared with CC. In CS, fertilizer replacement value estimated soybean N credits of 66 and 49 kg N ha⁻¹ based on grain yield and plant N uptake, respectively. The difference in N rates needed to produce maximum grain yield of CS vs. CC was estimated at 32 kg ha⁻¹ soybean N credit. The average soybean N credit was 49, 41, and 26 kg N ha⁻¹ for the corn in CS, C1, and C2, respectively. Both the 2- and 3-yr corn–soybean rotations on loamy sand soils improved corn yield and NUE.
Neuropsicología del proceso creativo. Un enfoque educativo

Vivimos en un contexto y en una sociedad en constante cambio, que requiere que las personas se adapten a las nuevas circunstancias en las que nos hallamos. La creatividad es uno de los elementos mas importantes a tener en cuenta como facilitador de la adaptacion, ademas de ser un criterio de inclusion importante a la hora de detectar personas con alta capacidad intelectual. Por todo ello, es de especial relevancia su estudio desde todas las perspectivas. Por este motivo, el objetivo del presente estudio es aportar un mejor entendimiento de la creatividad desde un enfoque neuropsicologico, dado el caracter multidimensional del constructo. Se ha llevado a cabo una revision de algunos estudios que estudian la creatividad desde la neurociencia y se propone una vision de las funciones neuropsicologicas implicadas en dicho proceso, en funcion de la fase en la que nos encontramos ante actividades creativas y que fueron establecidas por Wallas (1926): preparacion, incubacion, iluminacion y verificacion. Los resultados muestran que hay funciones cognitivas de especial relevancia en cada fase y estructuras cerebrales con gran activacion en las distintas etapas del proceso creativo. Por ultimo, se propone con esta nueva perspectiva del estudio de la creatividad, un punto de partida para realizar otras investigaciones.
High-speed odor transduction and pulse tracking by insect olfactory receptor neurons

Significance How fast can animals smell? Whereas we know how fast our eyes are (in the cinema, images at 24 Hz fuse for humans, whereas our retina can resolve flickers at more than 100 Hz), olfactory perception is believed to be slow. After all, we take a sniff and later another one. Odor plumes in the air, however, can fluctuate at a millisecond time scale. Here, we show that insect olfactory receptor neurons can have response latencies shorter than 2 ms and resolve odorant fluctuations at more than 100 Hz. This high temporal resolution could facilitate odor-background segregation, and it has important implications for underlying cellular processes (transduction), ecology (odor recognition), and technology (development of fast sensors). Sensory systems encode both the static quality of a stimulus (e.g., color or shape) and its kinetics (e.g., speed and direction). The limits with which stimulus kinetics can be resolved are well understood in vision, audition, and somatosensation. However, the maximum temporal resolution of olfactory systems has not been accurately determined. Here, we probe the limits of temporal resolution in insect olfaction by delivering high frequency odor pulses and measuring sensory responses in the antennae. We show that transduction times and pulse tracking capabilities of olfactory receptor neurons are faster than previously reported. Once an odorant arrives at the boundary layer of the antenna, odor transduction can occur within less than 2 ms and fluctuating odor stimuli can be resolved at frequencies more than 100 Hz. Thus, insect olfactory receptor neurons can track stimuli of very short duration, as occur when their antennae encounter narrow filaments in an odor plume. These results provide a new upper bound to the kinetics of odor tracking in insect olfactory receptor neurons and to the latency of initial transduction events in olfaction.
Fast Algorithms for Frequent Itemset Mining from Uncertain Data

The majority of existing data mining algorithms mine frequent item sets from precise databases. A well-known algorithm is FP-growth, which builds a compact FP-tree structure to capture important contents of the database and mines frequent item sets from the FP-tree. However, there are situations in which data are uncertain. In recent years, researchers have paid attention to frequent item set mining from uncertain databases. UFP-growth is one of the frequently cited algorithms for mining uncertain data. However, the corresponding UFP-tree structure can be large. Other tree structures for handling uncertain data may achieve compactness at the expense of looser upper bounds on expected supports. To solve this problem, we propose two compact tree structures which capture uncertain data with tighter upper bounds than existing tree structures. We also designed two algorithms that mine frequent item sets from our proposed trees. Our experimental results show the tightness of bounds to expected supports provided by these algorithms.
Early-life socioeconomic status and mortality in later life: an integration of four life-course mechanisms.

OBJECTIVES Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we examine (a) how socioeconomic status (SES) at age 18 affects all-cause mortality at ages 54-72, and (b) whether the effect of early-life SES is consistent with the critical period, accumulation of risks, social mobility, and pathway models. We also explore gender differences in the effect of early-life SES and life-course mechanisms. METHOD Participants (N = 6,547) were surveyed in 1957, 1975, and 1993, with vital status established until 2011. We combine discrete-time survival analysis with structural equation modeling. SES and health behaviors are modeled as latent factors. RESULTS Early-life SES affects mortality indirectly via status attainment and health behaviors in adulthood and midlife. This finding is contrary to the critical period and consistent with the pathway model. Persistent disadvantage at three life stages is a strong risk factor for mortality, thus, supporting the accumulation of risks. Moreover, the mortality risk of individuals who experienced downward socioeconomic mobility is comparable to their peers with persistent disadvantage. DISCUSSION This study highlights the complexity of interrelated life-course processes underlying the effect of early-life SES on mortality in later life.
Virtual model optimization and locomotion control of bionic hexapod robot

With reference to current biology research achievements of hexapod insects, this paper presents the design and optimization of structure of the bionic hexapod robot, imitating the cockroach body shape and structure features. Tripod Gaits is chosen as the robot's gait which is the most stable and fast gait for hexapod robots. We evaluate the performance of our design by testing it on the simulation system based on Virtools, which is an interactive integrating platform for virtual prototype and virtual environment. As a result of the adoption of the software, this paper relates in detail the message passing mechanism and a method of adjusting torque factor dynamic parameters, based on actuator's movement need. The result verifies the rationality of the structure and the locomotion flexibility of the robot.
Modelling Human Factors in Perceptual Multimedia Quality: On The Role of Personality and Culture

Perception of multimedia quality is shaped by a rich interplay between system, context and human factors. While system and context factors are widely researched, few studies consider human factors as sources of systematic variance. This paper presents an analysis on the influence of personality and cultural traits on the perception of multimedia quality. A set of 144 video sequences (from 12 short movie excerpts) were rated by 114 participants from a cross-cultural population, producing 1232 ratings. On this data, three models are compared: a baseline model that only considers system factors; an extended model that includes personality and culture as human factors; and an optimistic model in which each participant is modelled as a random effect. An analysis shows that personality and cultural traits represent 9.3\% of the variance attributable to human factors while human factors overall predict an equal or higher proportion of variance compared to system factors. In addition, the quality-enjoyment correlation varied across the excerpts. This suggests that human factors play an important role in perceptual multimedia quality, but further research to explore moderation effects and a broader range of human factors is warranted.
Price Dispersion in the Lab and on the Internet: Theory and Evidence

Price dispersion is ubiquitous in settings that closely approximate textbook Bertrand competition. We show (Propositions 2 and 3) that only a little bounded rationality among sellers is needed to rationalize such dispersion. A variety of statistical tests, based on data sets from two independent laboratory experiments and structural estimates of the parameters of our models, suggest that bounded rationality based theories of price dispersion organize the data remarkably well. Evidence is also presented which suggests that the models are consistent with data from a leading Internet price comparison site.
CONSTRUCTING MODEL CATEGORIES WITH PRESCRIBED FIBRANT OBJECTS

We present a weak form of a recognition principle for Quillen model categories due to J.H. Smith. We use it to put a model category structure on the category of small categories enriched over a suitable monoidal simplicial model category. The proof uses a part of the model structure on small simplicial categories due to J. Bergner. We give an application of the weak form of Smith’s result to left Bousfield localizations of categories of monoids in a suitable monoidal model category.
Prominence in Spanish sentence comprehension: an eye-tracking study

ABSTRACT We report an eye-tracking experiment that examined argument linking and the role of prominence in Spanish sentence comprehension by testing the interplay between word order and verb type. Previous evidence from a self-paced reading study (Gattei, Dickey, Wainselboim, & París, 2015). showed that comprehenders use morphosyntactic information to form predictions about the thematic structure of the upcoming verb. In this study we focussed on the time course of this process. Results showed an interaction between verb type and word order for late eye movement measures but not for early eye movement measures. Participants regressed more and for longer time when word order did not match the canonical order for each verb class. This interaction is observed from the verb region onwards, independently of word order. We interpret that these effects take place due to the misinterpretation of the prominence status of the preverbal argument, leading to differential reading strategies.
Privacy preserving biometrics using partially homomorphic encryption

We will look into privacy preserving biometrics using the example of a fingerprint reader and partially homomorphic encryption. Therefore we will cover the basics necessary to understand the discussed subject, partially homomorphic encryption and fingerprint based authentication, as well as showing a concrete protocol and its implications on performance and security of the system. While security will remain the same, speed is heavily reduced and bandwidth increased compared to the unprotected protocol. We will see to which problems homomorphic encryption presents a solution and which have to be solved differently.
Eye region based multibiometric fusion to mitigate the effects of body weight variations in face recognition

Face recognition has certain impediments due to alignment, illumination, facial expressions. Several techniques have been proposed to rectify these challenges. In recent years, many researchers have addressed challenges due to ageing, plastic surgery, twin identification, make-up and hairstyle. But, the impact of weight variation on face recognition has not been explored much. In contrary to other facial regions such as the cheek or chin area, the region near the human eye is not much affected due to the body weight changes. In this paper, we explore the use of eye region information to mitigate the effects and stabilize the performance of the biometric recognition system. To this extent, we propose a multi-algorithmic and multimodal fusion strategies to combine the information from eye region (left and right). The experiments carried out on the publicly available eWIT database indicates the improved recognition performance by 6.42% when benchmarked with commercial face recognition system.
Research on Workflow Modeling Methods for Collaborative Product Development

Collaborative Product Development (CPD) is an advanced paradigm for product development, which focuses on facilitating the business collaboration across organizational boundaries. The process of CPD is highly dynamic, and needs to be implemented jointly by participant organizations. Firstly, this paper analyzes some traditional workflow modeling methods, and reviews related research work on workflow modeling for CPD. Secondly, a process-view and Petri nets combined approach is highlighted. At last, a novel process management framework is proposed, which provides an effective and universal way to manage the dynamic and distributed process of CPD.
Identification of compounds with anti-convulsant properties in a zebrafish model of epileptic seizures

SUMMARY The availability of animal models of epileptic seizures provides opportunities to identify novel anticonvulsants for the treatment of people with epilepsy. We found that exposure of 2-day-old zebrafish embryos to the convulsant agent pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) rapidly induces the expression of synaptic-activity-regulated genes in the CNS, and elicited vigorous episodes of calcium (Ca2+) flux in muscle cells as well as intense locomotor activity. We then screened a library of ∼2000 known bioactive small molecules and identified 46 compounds that suppressed PTZ-inducedtranscription of the synaptic-activity-regulated gene fos in 2-day-old (2 dpf) zebrafish embryos. Further analysis of a subset of these compounds, which included compounds with known and newly identified anticonvulsant properties, revealed that they exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of both locomotor activity and PTZ-induced fos transcription, confirming their anticonvulsant characteristics. We conclude that this in situ hybridisation assay for fos transcription in the zebrafish embryonic CNS is a robust, high-throughput in vivo indicator of the neural response to convulsant treatment and lends itself well to chemical screening applications. Moreover, our results demonstrate that suppression of PTZ-induced fos expression provides a sensitive means of identifying compounds with anticonvulsant activities.
Rapid Recombination Mapping for High-Throughput Genetic Screens in Drosophila

Mutagenesis screens are a staple of classical genetics. Chemical-induced mutations, however, are often difficult and time-consuming to identify. Here, we report that recombination analysis with pairs of dominant visible markers provides a rapid and reliable strategy to map mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. This method requires only two generations and a total of six crosses in vials to estimate the genetic map position of the responsible lesion with high accuracy. This genetic map position can then be reliably used to identify the mutated gene through complementation testing with an average of nine deficiencies and Sanger sequencing. We have used this approach to successfully map a collection of mutations from an ethyl methanesulfonate−based mutagenesis screen on the third chromosome. We propose that this method also may be used in conjunction with whole-genome sequencing, particularly when multiple independent alleles of the mutated locus are not available. By facilitating the rapid identification of mutated genes, our mapping strategy removes a primary obstacle to the widespread use of powerful chemical mutagenesis screens to understand fundamental biological phenomena.
Evaluating Vector-Space and Probabilistic Models for Query to Ad Matching

In this work, we evaluate variants of several information retrieval models from the classic BM25 model to Language Modeling approaches for retrieving relevant textual advertisements for Sponsored Search. Within the language modeling framework, we explore implicit query expansion via translation tables derived from multiple sources and propose a novel method for directly estimating the probability that an advertisement is clicked for a given query. We also investigate explicit query expansion using regular web search results for sponsored search using the vector space framework. We find that web-based expansions result in significant improvement in Mean Average Precision.
Isocyanic acid in a global chemistry transport model:tropospheric distribution, budget, and identification of regions with potential health impacts

This study uses a global chemical transport model to estimate the distribution of isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO is toxic, and concentrations exceeding 1 ppbv have been suggested to have negative health effects. Based on fire studies, HNCO emissions were scaled to those of hydrogen cyanide (30%), resulting in yearly total emissions of 1.5 Tg for 2008, from both anthropogenic and biomass burning sources. Loss processes included heterogeneous uptake (pH dependent), dry deposition (like formic acid), and reaction with the OH radical (k = 1 × 10−15 molecule−1 cm3 s−1). Annual mean surface HNCO concentrations were highest over parts of China (maximum of 470 pptv), but episodic fire emissions gave much higher levels, exceeding 4 ppbv in tropical Africa and the Amazon, and exceeding 10 ppbv in Southeast Asia and Siberia. This suggests that large biomass burning events could result in deleterious health effects for populations in these regions. For the tropospheric budget, using the model-calculated pH the HNCO lifetime was 37 days, with the split between dry deposition and heterogeneous loss being 95%:5%. Fixing the heterogeneous loss rate at pH = 7 meant that this process dominated, accounting for ∼70% of the total loss, giving a lifetime of 6 days, and resulting in upper tropospheric concentrations that were essentially zero. However, changing the pH does not notably impact the high concentrations found in biomass burning regions. More observational data is needed to evaluate the model, as well as a better representation of the likely underestimated biofuel emissions, which could mean more populations exposed to elevated HNCO concentrations.
Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury for Human Vergence Dynamics

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury involving loss of consciousness has focal effects in the human brainstem, suggesting that it may have particular consequences for eye movement control. This hypothesis was investigated by measurements of vergence eye movement parameters. Methods: Disparity vergence eye movements were measured for a population of 123 normally sighted individuals, 26 of whom had suffered diffuse traumatic brain injury (dTBI) in the past, while the remainder served as controls. Vergence tracking responses were measured to sinusoidal disparity modulation of a random-dot field. Disparity vergence step responses were characterized in terms of their dynamic parameters separately for the convergence and divergence directions. Results: The control group showed notable differences between convergence and divergence dynamics. The dTBI group showed significantly abnormal vergence behavior on many of the dynamic parameters. Conclusion: The results support the hypothesis that occult injury to the oculomotor control system is a common residual outcome of dTBI.
Prospects for a Silent Speech Interface using Ultrasound Imaging

The feasibility of a silent speech interface using ultrasound (US) imaging and lip profile video is investigated by examining the quality of line spectral frequencies (LSF) derived from the image sequences. It is found that the data do not at present allow reliable identification of silences and fricatives, but that LSF's recovered from vocalized passages are compatible with the synthesis of intelligible speech
Patterns and predictors of treatment contact after first onset of psychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVE The authors used self-report data to study patterns and predictors of treatment contact after the first onset of DSM-III-R mood, anxiety, and addictive disorders. METHODS Data from the National Comorbidity Survey, a general population survey of 8,098 respondents, were used. Disorders were assessed by using a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Age at onset and age at first treatment contact were assessed retrospectively. RESULTS There was great variation across disorders in lifetime probability of treatment contact. Most treatment contact was delayed; the median delay time was between 6 and 14 years across the disorders considered here. Probability of treatment contact was inversely related to age at onset and increased in younger cohorts. The effects of sociodemographic variables were modest and inconsistent across disorders. CONCLUSIONS The majority of people with the disorders considered here eventually make treatment contact. However, delay was pervasive. Further research is needed on the determinants of delay and on the low probability of lifetime treatment contact among people with early-onset psychiatric disorders.
Token Economy to Improve Concentration among Students with Learning Disabilities in Primary School

This study aimed to increase student’s concentration on learning and facilitating process in the classroom. A student from the Special Education Integration Program. was selected as the respondent of this study. The token economy approach had been implemented in this study to solve respondent behavioural problem who was not paying attention when completing classroom task. This study employed a qualitative, A-B-A single subject design which A and B represented baseline and intervention phase respectively. Observation was carried out in three different phase, namely baseline (2 weeks), intervention (2 weeks) and no intervention (2 weeks). Total duration of this study was 6 weeks. During early observation, to be found that interruption from other classes had caused distraction to respondent in completing the task given. Therefore, token economy was used to enhance students’ motivation in paying attention and completing the task correctly. Token is given when respondent managed to answer questions correctly and neatly, and did not exhibit any disruptive behaviour within the stipulated period. Then, token was redeemed for tangible reinforcement according to the total scores of token. The results indicate that respondent had succesfully paying attention during completion of task.