Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity, Recreational Physical Activity, and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer In a Large U.S. Cohort

Background: Obesity and physical activity, in part through their effects on insulin sensitivity, may be modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Methods: The authors analyzed data from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort to examine the association between measures of adiposity, recreational physical activity, and pancreatic cancer risk. Information on current weight and weight at age 18, location of weight gain, and recreational physical activity were obtained at baseline in 1992 via a self-administered questionnaire for 145,627 men and women who were cancer-free at enrollment. During the 7 years of follow-up, 242 incident pancreatic cancer cases were identified among these participants. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compute hazard rate ratios (RR) and to adjust for potential confounding factors including personal history of diabetes and smoking. Results: We observed an increased risk of pancreatic cancer among obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30] men and women compared with men and women of normal BMI [<25; RR, 2.08; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.48-2.93, Ptrend = 0.0001]. After adjustment for between BMI, risk of pancreatic cancer was independently increased among men and women who reported a tendency for central weight gain compared with men and women reporting a tendency for peripheral weight gain (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02-2.07). We observed no difference in pancreatic cancer incidence rates between men and women who were most active (>31.5 metabolic equivalent hours per week) at baseline compared with men and women who reported no recreational physical activity (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.63-2.27). Conclusion: This study, along with several recent studies, supports the hypothesis that obesity and central adiposity are associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
A description of shock attenuation for children running.

CONTEXT A growing number of children are participating in organized sport activities, resulting in a concomitant increase in lower extremity injuries. Little is known about the impact generated when children are running or how this impact is attenuated in child runners. OBJECTIVE To describe shock attenuation characteristics for children running at different speeds on a treadmill and at a single speed over ground. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Biomechanics laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Eleven boys (age = 10.5 +/- 0.9 years, height = 143.7 +/- 8.3 cm, mass = 39.4 +/- 10.9 kg) and 7 girls (age = 9.9 +/- 1.1 years, height = 136.2 +/- 7.7 cm, mass = 35.1 +/- 9.6 kg) participated. INTERVENTION(S) Participants completed 4 running conditions, including 3 treadmill (TM) running speeds (preferred, fast [0.5 m/s more than preferred], and slow [0.5 m/s less than preferred]) and 1 overground (OG) running speed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We measured leg peak impact acceleration (LgPk), head peak impact acceleration (HdPk), and shock attenuation (ratio of LgPk to HdPk). RESULTS Shock attenuation (F(2,16) = 4.80, P = . 01) was influenced by the interaction of speed and sex. Shock attenuation increased across speeds (slow, preferred, fast) for boys (P < .05) but not for girls (P > .05). Both LgPk (F(1,16) = 5.04, P = . 04) and HdPk (F(1,16) = 6.04, P = . 03) were different across speeds, and both were greater for girls than for boys. None of the dependent variables were influenced by the interaction of setting (TM, OG) and sex (P >or= .05). Shock attenuation (F(1,16) = 33.51, P < . 001) and LgPk (F(1,16) = 31.54, P < . 001) were different between TM and OG, and each was greater when running OG than on the TM, regardless of sex. CONCLUSIONS Shock attenuation was between 66% and 76% for children running under a variety of conditions. Girls had greater peak impact accelerations at the leg and head levels than boys but achieved similar shock attenuation. We do not know how these shock attenuation characteristics are related to overuse injuries.
Marketing in the Digital Age

1 Leading and Managing Change Anwar Khurshid 4 LUMS Feb 27 Mar 2, 2018 110,000 45,000 Feb 18, 2018 2 Developing Future Leaders Jamshed Hasan Khan Saad Azmat 7 LUMS Mar 12 18, 2018 170,000 72,000 Mar 2, 2018 3 Management Development Program Jamshed Hasan Khan Muhammad Adeel Zaffar 11 LUMS Nov 12 23, 2018 500,000 Inclusive Oct 22, 2018 4 Leadership for Senior Executives Arif Nazir Butt Adnan Zahid 4.5 LUMS Oct 22 26, 2018 250,000 Inclusive Oct 2, 2018 5 Leadership in Higher Education A Program for Vice Chancellors & Senior Deans Arif Nazir Butt 5.5 LUMS Sept 10 15, 2018 230,000 Inclusive Aug 31, 2018 6 Enhancing Board Effectiveness Directors Training Program Khalid Mirza Anwar Khurshid 4 LUMS Mod I: Oct 12 13, 2018 Mod II: Oct 27 28, 2018 190,000 54,000 Oct 2, 2018 7 Growth and Continuity in Family-Run Businesses Arif Iqbal Rana Shakeel Saddiq Jajja 2 LUMS Sept 28 29, 2018 70,000 27,000 Sept 18, 2018 8 Developing Future Leaders Jamshed Hasan Khan Saad Azmat 7 LUMS Oct 15 21, 2018 170,000 72,000 Oct 5, 2018
An investigation of the sources, moderators, and psychological symptoms of stress among audit seniors*

One purpose of this study is to identify major sources of stress for audit seniors. Fifty-nine different job-related stressors are identified and investigated. Statistical evidence of increased dysfunctional psychological symptoms associated with increases in the presence of certain stressors is provided. In addition, four stress models that incorporate job stressors, personality types, coping behaviors, and psychological symptoms are investigated. Two mediating-effects models were found to portray suitably the relationships among these items. Resume. Les auteurs ont entre autres pour but de determiner les principales sources de stress chez les chefs de mission. Cinquante-neuf elements inducteurs de stress differents lies au travail sont identifies et analyses. L'analyse statistique demontre que les symptomes psychologiques dysfonctionnels augmentent avec la presence accrue de certains inducteurs de stress. Les auteurs analysent en outre quatre modeles de stress faisant intervenir des inducteurs de stress dans le travail, des types de personnalite, des comportements face aux difficultes et des symptomes psychologiques. Ils en viennent a la conclusion que deux modeles d'effets mediateurs illustrent de facon appropriee les relations entre ces elements.
Optimization Methods for Constraint Resource Problems

In this paper we present resource optimization methods for solving efficiently synthesis problems in a constraint-based framework. We obtain a tight lower bound of the problem optimum by adding redundant constraints that take into account the "wastage" in a partial solution. Abstraction through focusing on relevant features permits added interchangeability to deal with equivalent sets of partial solutions. Combining these two ideas allows us to discover fast the optimal solution, and also to prove very quickly its optimality.
Information Acquisition and Refunds for Returns

A product exhibits personal fit uncertainty when its consumers have idiosyncratic and uncertain values for it. Often a consumer can learn her long-run value quickly by obtaining the good for a trial period. Money back guarantees of satisfaction are commonly used to lower the cost to consumers of learning their values this way. Increasingly, however, consumers can instead learn about their values before they purchase by, e.g., reading product reviews or consulting experts. We study the effect on a firm’s optimal price and refund of this competing source of information. An efficient outcome would be achieved by setting the refund for a return equal to its salvage value. But a monopoly will, for some parameters, induce consumers to stay uninformed by promising a refund that is greater than the salvage value. This generates an inefficiently large number of returns, which the firm finds worthwhile in order to eliminate the information rents that consumers would obtain by becoming informed. This finding is consistent with the observation that for many products, money back guarantees are generous, as they commonly refund the entire, or almost the entire, purchase price of a product.
INTERPRETATION OF TROPICAL VEGETATION USING LANDSAT ETM + IMAGERY

Monitoring of tropical forest is important as it plays a vital role in Global biodiversity and terrestrial carbon dynamics. Remote sensing can be effectively used to monitor the tropical vegetation. However, an operational tool for interpretation and monitoring of tropical forest has not yet well developed. Therefore, the current study aimed to generate an interpretation key and a spectral library for the forests of south-eastern Bangladesh. The study used Landsat ETM+ imagery. Geometrically corrected imagery was obtained from USGS and later was adjusted in the field using GPS. Atmospheric correction was done by modified dark object subtraction method. Eight different vegetation types could be separated from the satellite image. The study has developed an interpretation key, which can be effectively used for monitoring tropical vegetation. A discrete spectral library was also developed from Landsat ETM+ image bands. The result of the study will be quite useful for interpretation and monitoring of tropical forests in similar ecosystem. * Corresponding author and permanent address: Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Agargaon, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
Methods and Results in the Study of Anxiety and Language Learning: A Review of the Literature*

Since Scovel's review of the literature in 1978, several studies have been conducted that consider the role of anxiety in language learning. This paper examines the perspectives from which foreign language anxiety research has been conducted, the instruments that have been used, and the results that have been reported. Three approaches to the study of anxiety are identified as the trait, state, and situation specific perspectives. The instruments chosen to measure anxiety have been quite varied, with several scales specifically intended to assess foreign language anxiety. The literature to be reviewed comes from studies of children, studies that have included anxiety in models of language learning, and finally, studies that are focused directly on the role of anxiety in language learning. With the advances in theory and measurement that have been made in the past decade or so, it is anticipated that foreign language anxiety will receive much more research consideration.
Ga-Doped ZnO Transparent Conductive Oxide Films Applied to GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes for Improving Light Extraction Efficiency

In this study, Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films were deposited on a sapphire substrate utilizing a magnetron sputtering approach. ZnO and Ga2O3 targets were employed as the sputtering sources during a cosputtering deposition. After thermal annealing in nitrogen ambient conditions, the electrical resistivity and optical transparency of the GZO films were analyzed in detail. The GZO films exhibited high transparency (~90%) in visible light and low resistivity (~5.3 x 10-4Omega-cm) when they were annealed at a temperature of 600-800deg C. Although the utilization of indium tin oxide (ITO) serving as the transparent contact layer (TCL) in conventional GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is a well accepted technology, ZnO-based TCLs with a high refractive index of around 2.0 would render another advantage when a roughening process is performed on the surface. In other words, since packaged LEDs are generally encapsulated using epoxy with a refractive index of around 1.5, surface roughening performed on ITO TCL would thus result in only a minor improvement in light extraction because the typical refractive index of an ITO film prepared by our e-beam evaporator is around 1.7. In this study, GaN-based LEDs that utilized ITO/GZO composite oxide films as a TCL were also demonstrated. The light output power of an LED (LED-C) with a textured ITO/GZO composite TCL is markedly improved by 42 % and 48 % of magnitude as compared to LEDs with a planar GZO TCL (LED-A) and a ITO/GZO composite TCL (LED-B), respectively. This enhancement is due to the fact that a ZnO-based TCL with a higher refractive index (n~2.0) allows further enhancement of light extraction through the creation of a textured structure on the TCL that is deposited on the top surface of LEDs.
Kupffer cell and interleukin‐12–dependent loss of natural killer T cells in hepatosteatosis

Hepatosteatosis is associated with increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐12, major T helper (Th) 1 cytokines, and reduced hepatic natural killer T (NKT) cell numbers. The relationship between lipid accumulation, cytokine expression, and hepatic NKT cells is not known. This study was conducted to assess the role of IL‐12 in the development of hepatic steatosis and its potential impact on liver NKT cells. Male C57Bl/6 wildtype (WT) and IL‐12‐deficient (IL‐12−/−) mice were fed a choline‐deficient diet (CDD) for 0, 10, or 20 weeks. CDD led to marked hepatosteatosis, reduced hepatic but not splenic NKT cell numbers and function, and increased hepatic expression of the Th1‐type cytokines IL‐12, interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), and TNF‐α in WT mice. The absence of IL‐12 resulted in similar CDD‐induced hepatosteatosis, but preserved hepatic NKT cells and significantly reduced hepatic IFN‐γ and TNF‐α expression. Treatment of CDD‐fed mice with lipopolysaccharide led to a significant increase in hepatic IL‐12 expression, and Kupffer cell (KC) depletion reduced liver IL‐12 expression and restored NKT cells in CDD‐induced fatty liver. Interestingly, KCs from CDD‐fed mice failed to produce increased quantities of IL‐12 upon activation in vitro when compared to similarly treated KCs from control fed mice, suggesting that secondary factors in vivo promote heightened IL‐12 production. Finally, human livers with severe steatosis showed a substantial decrease in NKT cells. Conclusion: Hepatosteatosis reduces the numbers of hepatic NKT cells in a KC‐and IL‐12‐dependent manner. Our results suggest a pivotal and multifunctional role of KC‐derived IL‐12 in the altered immune response in steatotic liver, a process that is likely active within human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;51:130–141.)
Approximately Counting Triangles in Large Graph Streams Including Edge Duplicates with a Fixed Memory Usage

Counting triangles in a large graph is important for detecting network anomalies such as spam web pages and suspicious accounts (e.g., fraudsters and advertisers) on online social networks. However, it is challenging to compute the number of triangles in a large graph represented as a stream of edges with a low computational cost when given a limited memory. Recently, several effective sampling-based approximation methods have been developed to solve this problem. However, they assume the graph stream of interest contains no duplicate edges, which does not hold in many real-world graph streams (e.g., phone calling networks). In this paper, we observe that these methods exhibit a large estimation error or computational cost even when modified to deal with duplicate edges using deduplication techniques such as Bloom filter and hash-based sampling. To solve this challenge, we design a one-pass streaming algorithm for uniformly sampling distinct edges at a high speed. Compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, our algorithm reduces the sampling cost per edge from O(log k) (k is the maximum number of sampled edges determined by the available memory space) to O(1) without using any additional memory space. Based on sampled edges, we develop a simple yet accurate method to infer the number of triangles in the original graph stream. We conduct extensive experiments on a variety of real-world large graphs, and the results demonstrate that our method is several times more accurate and faster than state-of-the-art methods with the same memory usage.
Can mammalian pattern generators be understood?

Abstract Most rhythmic behaviors are produced by a specialized ensemble of neurons found in the central nervous system. These central pattern generators (CPGs) have become a cornerstone of neuronal circuit analysis. Studying simple invertebrate nervous systems may reveal the interactions of the neurons involved in the production of rhythmic motor output. There has recently been progress in this area, but due to certain intrinsic features of CPGs it is unlikely that present techniques will ever yield a complete understanding of any but the simplest of them. The chief impediment seems to be our inability to identify and characterize the total interneuronal pool making up a CPG. In addition, our general analytic strategy relies on a descriptive, reductionist approach, with no analytical constructs beyond phenomenological modeling. Detailed descriptive data are usually not of sufficient depth for specific model testing, giving rise instead to ad hoc explanations of mechanisms which usually turn out to be incorrect. Because they make too many assumptions, modeling studies have not added much to our understanding of CPCs; this is due not so much to inadequate simulations as to the poor quality and incomplete nature of the data provided by experimentalists. A basic strategy that would provide sufficient information for neural modeling would include: (1) identifying and characterizing each element in the CPG network; (2) specifying the synaptic connectivity between the elements; and (3) analyzing nonlinear synaptic properties and interactions by means of the connectivity matrix. Limitations based on our present technical capabilities are also discussed.
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice Education in Social Work

Evidence based practice (EBP) is reflected in social work publications, accreditation standards, research, and funding opportunities. However, implementing EBP in social work practice and education has proven challenging, highlighting the need for additional resources. This paper describes the Transdisciplinary Model of EBP, a model based on advances in EBP across health disciplines including social work and its application to the development of an online EBP training portal. Utility of the Transdiciplinary Model and a training portal for social work education is discussed. Also included is a description of the training modules, the Council on Social Work Education Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards competencies reflected in the modules, and a case example using the modules in a master s of social work course.
Transformation and Transduction in Recombination-defective Mutants of Bacillus subtilis

The effects on transformation and transduction of an ultraviolet sensitivity (uvr−) and two ultraviolet sensitivity-recombination deficiency (rec-1− and rec-2−) mutations in isogenic strains of Bacillus subtilis were investigated. Transformation frequency in the rec-1− and rec-2− strains was reduced to approximately 5 and 25%, respectively, of the parental strains. Normal kinetics of deoxyribonucleic acid dose response in transformation were found for the rec-1+ and rec-2− strains. Biphasic curves were obtained with the rec-1− strains. Transduction frequency with bacteriophage SP-10 decreased parallel to transformation frequency in the rec-1− and rec-2− strains. This result suggests that transformation and SP-10 transduction share a common mechanism for genetic recombination. It also indicates that the reduction in transformation frequency of these strains was not due to altered competence. Transduction frequency with bacteriophage PBS-1 or 3NT, on the contrary, was not diminished in rec-1− strains. This frequency was reduced in rec-2− strains but not as severely as that of transformation or SP-10 transduction. Several hypotheses to interpret these differences are presented. Recombination frequency between linked markers was reduced more than 50% in transformation by the presence of the rec-1− mutation. Linkage was unaffected in the rec-2− strains. Neither the rec-1− nor the rec-2− mutation had an effect on linkage in PBS-1 or 3NT transduction. The uvr− strains were transformed at a frequency equal to or greater than that of the parental strains. These strains were transduced by all bacteriophage systems at frequencies about twofold higher than those of parental strains.
The Confusion of Common Names: A Methodological Challenge

The problem of dueling names for a species has been minimized within the scientific community through the development and use of standardized ordering and naming systems. Ambiguity, however, persists among common vernaculars. Such variation in names transcends countries and continents, and can result in a single species being known by multiple names in the same area, a single species being known by different names in neighboring communities, or many species being known by one name. As part of a group-administered survey regarding wildlife, we asked 932 Tanzanian primary school children to name the species represented by animal illustrations. Participants provided up to 37 different names for each species (M = 19.8, SD= 13.3). Determining if the names indicated familiarity with the species proved challenging. Our results highlight the complications common names can cause for human dimensions of wildlife researchers.
Advances in offender assessment and rehabilitation: Contributions of the risk–needs–responsivity approach

The risk–needs–responsivity model of offender assessment and rehabilitation has received considerable research attention and has been a leading factor in the offender-rehabilitation movement. This article reviews the risk–needs–responsivity model and the assessment and intervention implications that flow from the model. Some attention is also paid to the “good lives model” and its general fit with the principles of risk, needs, and responsivity. The future directions of the risk–needs–responsivity model are also discussed and a renewed conceptualisation of the principle of responsivity is proposed.
Auxin promotes the transition from chloronema to caulonema in moss protonema by positively regulating PpRSL1and PpRSL2 in Physcomitrella patens.

Protonemata are multicellular filamentous networks that develop following the germination of a haploid moss spore and comprise two different cell types - chloronema and caulonema. The ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX-LIKE1 (PpRSL1) and PpRSL2 basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and auxin promote the development of caulonema in Physcomitrella patens but the mechanism by which these regulators interact during development is unknown. We characterized the role of auxin in regulating the function of PpRSL1 and PpRSL2 in the chloronema-to-caulonema transition during protonema development. Here, we showed that a gradient of cell identity developed along protonemal filaments; cells were chloronemal in proximal regions near the site of spore germination becoming progressively more caulonemal distally as filaments elongated. Auxin controlled this transition by positively regulating the expression of PpRSL1 and PpRSL2 genes. Auxin did not induce caulonemal development in Pprsl1 Pprsl2 double mutants that lack PpRSL1 and PpRSL2 gene activity while constitutive co-expression of PpRSL1 and PpRSL2 in the absence of auxin was sufficient to program constitutive caulonema development. Together, these data indicate that auxin positively regulates PpRSL1 and PpRSL2 whose expression is sufficient to promote caulonema differentiation in moss protonema.