Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Didactical Design with Problem Posing to Overcome Epistemological Obstacles in Problem Solving

Problem-solving activities allow students to apply mathematical knowledge and connect other mathematical abilities more deeply. However, based on the situation in the field, students still experience epistemological obstacles in solving problems on Straight Line Equation material, especially issues in story form. This study aims to overcome students' epistemological obstacles in problem-solving using didactic design with a problem-posing approach. This research is qualitative research with a didactical design research method. Six students at one of the schools in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, were the subjects of this research. Tests, interviews, and observation guidelines were used as data collection instruments. The research data obtained were analyzed, reduced, and presented in narrative form. The results showed that epistemological obstacles can be overcome after implementing didactic design with problem posing. This finding has the same pattern as previous research findings, although on different materials and scaffolding. Therefore, didactical design with problem posing can be used as one of the alternative learning designs for straight-line equation material in the classroom.
Trace element systematics in the plutonic section of fast-spread oceanic crust - evidence from the Wadi Gideah reference profile (Wadi Tayin Massif, Oman ophiolite)

The crystallization processes during the accretion of fast spreading oceanic crust are still not well constrained and a continous geochemical profile through recent oceanic crust that could provide deeper insights into such processes is still missing. We sampled a complete section of gabbros, dikes, and basalts along the Wadi Gideah in the Cretaceous ophiolite of Oman that is regarded as the best example of fast-spread oceanic lithosphere on land. Here we present trace element data displaying systematic compositional trends that are correlated with stratigraphic depth (distance to MOHO) in the plutonic suite. Concentrations of incompatible trace elements Th, Nb, Ta, REE, Zr, Hf show little variation in the layered gabbro section but display a continuous increase from foliated to varitextured gabbros. In contrast, Nb/Ta, Nb/La, Zr/Hf, La/Yb, La/Nd show significant fractionation in the layered and foliated gabbros suggesting in situ crystallization in a lower crustal filter layer and formation of small portions of highly evolved interstitial melt also favoring crystallization of zircon. Further up, fractional crystallization processes in a well-mixed magma chamber control the composition of isotropic gabbros and sheeted dikes where fractionation of HFSE element ratios is minor.
Transcriptional profile of human thymus reveals IGFBP5 is correlated with age-related thymic involution

Thymus is the main immune organ which is responsible for the production of self-tolerant and functional T cells, but it shrinks rapidly with age after birth. Although studies have researched thymus development and involution in mouse, the critical regulators that arise with age in human thymus remain unclear. We collected public human single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets containing 350,678 cells from 36 samples, integrated them as a cell atlas of human thymus. Clinical samples were collected and experiments were performed for validation. We found early thymocyte-specific signaling and regulons which played roles in thymocyte migration, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Nevertheless, signaling patterns including number, strength and path completely changed during aging, Transcription factors (FOXC1, MXI1, KLF9, NFIL3) and their target gene, IGFBP5, were resolved and up-regulated in aging thymus and involved in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), responding to steroid and adipogenesis process of thymic epithelial cell (TECs). Furthermore, we validated that IGFBP5 protein increased at TECs and Hassall’s corpuscle in both human and mouse aging thymus and knockdown of IGFBP5 significantly increased the expression of proliferation-related genes in thymocytes. Collectively, we systematically explored cell-cell communications and regulons of early thymocytes as well as age-related differences in human thymus by using both bioinformatic and experimental verification, indicating IGFBP5 as a functional marker of thymic involution and providing new insights into the mechanisms of thymus involution.
Invasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain contain a highly promiscuous and dynamic resistome

Introduction Streptococcus suis is a major pathogen for swine and human. Here we aimed to know the rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in invasive S. suis isolates recovered along Spain between 2016 – 2021 and elucidate their genetic origin. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for 116 isolates of different genetic backgrounds and geographic origins against 18 antibiotics of 9 families. The association between AMR and genotypes and the origin of the isolates were statistically analyzed using Pearson´s chi-square test and the likelihood ratio. The antimicrobial resistant genes were identified by whole genome sequencing analysis and PCR screenings. Results High AMR rates (>80%) were detected for tetracyclines, spectinomycin, lincosamides, and marbofloxacin, medium (20-40%) for sulphonamides/trimethoprim, tiamulin, penicillin G, and enrofloxacin, and low (< 20%) for florfenicol, and four additional β-lactams. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was observed in 90% of isolates. For certain antibiotics (penicillin G, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tilmicosin, and erythromycin), AMR was significantly associated with particular sequence types (STs), geographic regions, age of pigs, and time course. Whole genome sequencing comparisons and PCR screenings identified 23 AMR genes, of which 19 were previously reported in S. suis (aph(3’)-IIIa, sat4, aadE, spw, aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’)-Ia, fexA, optrA, erm(B), mef(A/E), mrs(D), mph(C), lnu(B), lsa(E), vga(F), tet(M), tet(O), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W)), and 4 were novel (aph(2’’)-IIIa, apmA, erm(47), tet(T)). These AMR genes explained the AMR to spectinomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tiamulin, and tetracyclines. Several genes were located on mobile genetic elements which showed a variable organization and composition. As AMR gene homologs were identified in many human and animal pathogens, the resistome of S. suis has a different phylogenetic origin. Moreover, AMR to penicillin G, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim related to mutations in genes coding for target enzymes (pbp1a, pbp2b, pbp2x, mraY, gyrA, parC, and dhfr). Bioinformatic analysis estimated traits of recombination on target genes, also indicative of gene transfer events. Conclusions Our work evidences that S. suis is a major contributor to AMR dissemination across veterinary and human pathogens. Therefore, control of AMR in S. suis should be considered from a One Health approach in regions with high pig production to properly tackle the issue of antimicrobial drug resistance.
Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction

Salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) caused by systemic disease, drugs, aging, and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer can cause dry mouth, which increases the risk of disorders such as periodontitis, taste disorders, pain and burning sensations in the mouth, dental caries, and dramatically reduces the quality of life of patients. To date, the treatment of SGH is still aimed at relieving patients’ clinical symptoms and improving their quality of life, and is not able to repair and regenerate the damaged salivary glands. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs), are an emerging source of cellular therapies that are capable of unlimited proliferation and differentiation into cells of all three germ layers. In recent years, the immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative effects of PSCs, their derived cells, and paracrine products of these cells have received increasing attention and have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in some preclinical studies targeting SGH. This review outlined the etiologies and available treatments for SGH. The existing efficacy and potential role of PSCs, their derived cells and paracrine products of these cells for SGH are summarized, with a focus on PSC-derived salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (SGS/PCs) and PSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this Review, we provide a conceptual outline of our current understanding of PSCs-based therapy and its importance in SGH treatment, which may inform and serve the design of future studies.
The Path From Awareness to Action: Exploring Diabetic Patients' Awareness and Attitudes and Barriers to Utilization of Artificial Pancreas in the Beheira Governorate, Egypt

Background and objective There is scarce data on diabetic patients’ awareness, attitude, and barriers to utilization regarding the artificial pancreas. In light of this, the current study aimed to explore the awareness, attitudes, and perceived barriers to utilization of the artificial pancreas experienced by diabetic patients. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed to achieve the aim of the study. The study was conducted in Damanhur city, the Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The convenience sampling technique was used to include 385 diabetic patients. The researchers designed an interview questionnaire comprising four parts to collect data about knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to utilization. Results The findings showed that 61% of the participants had a satisfactory level of overall knowledge. Regarding overall attitude, 64.1% of participants exhibited a positive attitude toward the artificial pancreas. The data indicated that 37.7% of participants identified the associated high cost as a significant barrier. Additionally, 23.3% expressed concerns about the lack of healthcare provider support, 21.5% had reservations regarding maintenance, and 17.5% felt limited by their technical skills. Conclusions The study revealed a notable satisfactory level of knowledge and attitudes among about two-thirds of participants regarding the artificial pancreas. Concerns about the high cost emerged as a predominant barrier followed by a lack of healthcare provider support. Empowering both healthcare providers and patients through ongoing educational initiatives can play a pivotal role in fostering a positive attitude and addressing concerns related to artificial pancreas technology.
Re-evaluating monotypic Eleutherostylis from New Guinea and the Moluccas and its inclusion in Grewia (Malvaceae, Grewioideae)

﻿Abstract Morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence indicate that Eleutherostylis Burret (Malvaceae, Grewioideae), a monotypic genus described from New Guinea, is best considered a synonym of Grewia L. , a species-rich genus widespread across the Paleotropics and found in Africa, Arabia, Asia, Australia and the western Pacific. A new combination, based on E.renistipulata Burret, G.renistipulata (Burret) Dorr, comb. nov., is proposed. Original material of the basionym could not be located and a neotype is designated. A lectotype is designated for G.morotaiensis Kosterm. , a synonym of G.renistipulata.
Keffiyeh trend on social media as a form of solidarity for Palestine

This study explores the widespread adoption of the keffiyeh trend within the global community, including Indonesia, as a form of solidarity in support of Palestine. The surge in the keffiyeh trend intensified following Israel's forceful assault on Palestine, purportedly in response to Hamas' actions on October 7, 2023.Employing virtual ethnography through the analysis of social media content, the research delves into the historical context of the keffiyeh among Arabs. Known by different names across various Arab nations, such as kufiyah, gutrah in Saudi Arabia, shemag in Iraq, and keffiyeh in Palestine, this head-to-neck covering initially served as protection for village workers during outdoor activities. In the 1980s, the keffiyeh underwent a transformation into a fashion accessory, gaining popularity among young individuals with a bohemian style in New York. Notably, major global brands like Balenciaga and Louis Vuitton even incorporated keffiyeh motifs into their products. Despite its fading significance, the keffiyeh experienced a resurgence as a symbol of solidarity during global demonstrations and actions defending Palestine following Israel's renewed attacks. Participants in the Palestine Defense March prominently featured the keffiyeh, sharing images on social media platforms, notably Instagram, leading to a resurgence of the keffiyeh trend within the wider community.
Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder more commonly in older adults. Simultaneously, this population has an increased incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Thyroid hormones (THs) promote adequate function of the cardiovascular system as they exert their effects through receptors located in the myocardium and the vasculature. In hypothyroidism, this homeostasis is disrupted, which leads to the emergence of pathogenic pathways that accelerate the progression of cardiovascular disease and aggravate its outcomes in these individuals. This article has reviewed existing literature on the relationship between hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have explored the pathogenic mechanisms linking both conditions and highlighted the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as the increased incidence of cardiovascular events in overt and subclinical diseases. Furthermore, indications of hormone replacement therapy in subclinical disease and its efficacy in reducing CVD morbidities in a particular subset of patients have been discussed.
Vibration Modal Analysis of Superconducting Levitation With LCR Shunt Damper

This study deals with the vibration suppression effect of an LCR parallel electromagnetic shunt damper on a superconducting magnetic levitation system. Superconducting magnetic levitation systems have the advantages of low energy loss due to friction because of the non-contact nature of the system and, furthermore, stable levitation without control. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to magnetically levitated trains and magnetic formation flights. On the other hand, the occurrence of resonance with large amplitude due to low attenuation can be a problem, so suppression of the amplitude is an important issue. We focused on the LCR electromagnetic shunt damper, which has the advantage of being non-contact, as a method of suppressing vibration. However, the coupling of the mechanical and electrical systems via a velocity term is essential for the parallel type, making conventional modal analysis inapplicable. Therefore, we used the impedance expression for the circuit equation of the subsystem. As a result, the velocity term coupling was eliminated, thereby allowing the application of conventional modal analysis. The analysis showed that the two natural frequencies depend on the excitation frequency, and based on this fact, the dependence of the frequency response of the system on the capacitance and the resistance was able to be determined by numerical analysis. Furthermore, the amplitude reduction effect predicted by this numerical analysis was confirmed experimentally. In summary, in this study, the vibration suppression of the superconducting magnetic levitation system by the LCR electromagnetic shunt damper was analyzed using vibration modal analysis and verified experimentally.
Through-Wall Radar Classification of Human Posture Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Through-wall detection and classification are highly desirable for surveillance, security, and military applications in areas that cannot be sensed using conventional measures. In the domain of these applications, a key challenge is an ability not only to sense the presence of individuals behind the wall but also to classify their actions and postures. Researchers have applied ultrawideband (UWB) radars to penetrate wall materials and make intelligent decisions about the contents of rooms and buildings. As a form of UWB radar, stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) radars have been preferred due to their advantages. On the other hand, the success of classification with deep learning methods in different problems is remarkable. Since the radar signals contain valuable information about the objects behind the wall, the use of deep learning techniques for classification purposes will give a different direction to the research. This paper focuses on the classification of the human posture behind the wall using through-wall radar signals and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The SFCW radar is used to collect radar signals reflected from the human target behind the wall. These signals are employed to classify the presence of the human and the human posture whether he/she is standing or sitting by using CNN. The proposed approach achieves remarkable and successful results without the need for detailed preprocessing operations and long-term data used in the traditional approaches.
Deep-Neural-Network-Based Subsurface Defect Identification Method for Multipolarimetric Ground-Penetrating Radar Data

A deep-neural-network-based identification method for multipolarimetric ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data was proposed to address the challenges of unbalanced polarimetric data and take advantage of multipolarimetric GPR data for subsurface defect identification. The proposed method comprised two subnetworks—namely, an unbalanced polarimetric data augmentation module based on a cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) to generate a large number of paired multipolarimetric GPR data, and an identification module based on multipolarimetric GPR data to accurately identify internal defects with irregular shapes and occlusions. Specifically, the proposed physics-informed convolution (PIC) in the identification module could enhance the scattering features of different polarimetric data and extract location-sensitive physical properties from multipolarimetric GPR data; thus, defects with occlusions could be effectively identified. Additionally, the identification module adopted a criss-cross attention (CCA) module and a global attention module (GAM) channel, which could reduce information reduction and magnify global interactive representations to accurately identify the shape of irregular targets. Validation experiments were conducted at two levels—that is, first, using synthetic multipolarimetric data based on the subsurface defect model, and second, using a sandbox model test in a realistic scenario. The results demonstrated that the proposed method was capable of effectively identifying internal defects with irregular shapes and occlusions from multipolarimetric GPR data.
Research progress of vascularization strategies of tissue-engineered bone

The bone defect caused by fracture, bone tumor, infection, and other causes is not only a problematic point in clinical treatment but also one of the hot issues in current research. The development of bone tissue engineering provides a new way to repair bone defects. Many animal experimental and rising clinical application studies have shown their excellent application prospects. The construction of rapid vascularization of tissue-engineered bone is the main bottleneck and critical factor in repairing bone defects. The rapid establishment of vascular networks early after biomaterial implantation can provide sufficient nutrients and transport metabolites. If the slow formation of the local vascular network results in a lack of blood supply, the osteogenesis process will be delayed or even unable to form new bone. The researchers modified the scaffold material by changing the physical and chemical properties of the scaffold material, loading the growth factor sustained release system, and combining it with trace elements so that it can promote early angiogenesis in the process of induced bone regeneration, which is beneficial to the whole process of bone regeneration. This article reviews the local vascular microenvironment in the process of bone defect repair and the current methods of improving scaffold materials and promoting vascularization.
Optimization Design of Landscape Spatial Environment Based on Interactive Genetic Algorithm

In the process of landscape design, the method can effectively establish the output data in the noise and make a comprehensive judgment on the effect of noise on the environment, so it is said that the tax payment algorithm proposed in this round can realize the integration of urban planning and architecture, better carry out spatial planning, and expand the development potential of space.
Performance Analysis of Deep Learning Pretrained Image Classifiation Models

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is revolutionized in the field of computer vision, with the high accuracy and capability to learn features from raw data. In this research work focused on a comparative analysis of two popular CNN architectures, VGG16 and VGG19. The CIFAR dataset consists of 60,000 images, each with a resolution of 32x32 and it's belong to one of the 10 classes. Experimental results are compared with VGG16 and VGG19 in terms of their accuracy and training time, and to identify any differences in their ability to learn features from the CIFAR-10 dataset. The results of this research can aid in directing the choice of appropriate architectures for image classification tasks as well as the advantages of optimisation strategies for enhancing the efficiency of deep learning models. In order to enhance the performance of these structures, more optimisation methods and datasets may be investigated in subsequent research.