Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reviews book & software

T he latest volume in the series of Princeton Studies in Complexity is Robert Axelrod's sequel to his influential book, The Evolution of Cooperation [1]. The earlier book was an extended commentary on his pioneering computer simulations of cooperation and competition in the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game, originally reported in 1980 and discussed in a prize-winning journal article [2]. The new book consists of an introduction and seven chapters extending and developing the earlier research in various directions as well as appendices containing useful technical information for researchers in the fields of complexity and agent-based modeling. The chapters are all reprints of previously published material, but they originally appeared in such widely scattered journals and edited volumes that few readers will have seen all of them before. For this volume, Axelrod has included brief introductory comments to each of them, describing the circumstances in which they were written and reactions to them. Some chapters are only indirectly related to Axelrod's well-known agent-based models of cooperation. In particular , there are two chapters devoted to his more recent landscape theory— according to which, in a group of decision makers who are myopic in their assessments of their own payoffs, the coalitions that are likely to form are those that minimize strain between the multiple elements of the interacting system. A chapter by Axelrod and D. Scott Bennett shows that landscape theory successfully predicts the alignment of 17 European nations in World War II. A separate chapter by Axelrod, Bennett, and three others shows how the theory predicts the alignment that occurred among nine major computer companies promoting two different UNIX operating system standards in 1988. A major problem with these contributions is that the coalitions predicted by landscape theory turn out to be nothing more than the Nash equilibria of conventional game theory—outcomes in which none of the actors can gain an individual advantage by defecting unilaterally to a different coalition. Nash equilibria provide necessary but insufficient criteria for deter-minate solutions to games, and game theorists have developed theories of coalition formation that are far more sophisticated and subtle and that go far beyond mere Nash equilibria [3]. The most interesting chapters are the ones in which Axelrod is on home territory, developing his earlier agent-based simulation models of the evolution of cooperation. Starting in 1978-79, he had organized two r o u n d-r o b i n computer tournaments …
Translesion-synthesis DNA polymerases participate in replication of the telomeres in Streptomyces

Linear chromosomes and linear plasmids of Streptomyces are capped by terminal proteins that are covalently bound to the 5′-ends of DNA. Replication is initiated from an internal origin, which leaves single-stranded gaps at the 3′-ends. These gaps are patched by terminal protein-primed DNA synthesis. Streptomyces contain five DNA polymerases: one DNA polymerase I (Pol I), two DNA polymerases III (Pol III) and two DNA polymerases IV (Pol IV). Of these, one Pol III, DnaE1, is essential for replication, and Pol I is not required for end patching. In this study, we found the two Pol IVs (DinB1 and DinB2) to be involved in end patching. dinB1 and dinB2 could not be co-deleted from wild-type strains containing a linear chromosome, but could be co-deleted from mutant strains containing a circular chromosome. The resulting ΔdinB1 ΔdinB2 mutants supported replication of circular but not linear plasmids, and exhibited increased ultraviolet sensitivity and ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis. In contrast, the second Pol III, DnaE2, was not required for replication, end patching, or ultraviolet resistance and mutagenesis. All five polymerase genes are relatively syntenous in the Streptomyces chromosomes, including a 4-bp overlap between dnaE2 and dinB2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the dinB1-dinB2 duplication occurred in a common actinobacterial ancestor.
BIOELECTRIC EFFECTS OF IONS MICROINJECTED INTO THE GIANT AXON OF LOLIGO

1. A technique is described for recording the bioelectric activity of the squid giant axon during and following alteration of the internal axonal composition with respect to ions or other substances. 2. Experimental evidence indicates that the technique as described is capable of measuring changes in local bioelectric activity with an accuracy of 10 to 15 per cent or higher. 3. Alterations of the internal K+ or Cl- concentrations do not cause the change in resting potential expected on the basis of a Donnan mechanism. 4. The general effect of microinjection of K+ Rb+, Na+, Li+, Ba++, Ca++, Mg++, or Sr++ is to cause decrease in spike amplitude, followed by propagation block. 5. The resting potential decreases when the amplitude of the spike becomes low and block is incipient. 6. The decrease in resting potential and spike amplitude may be confined to the immediate vicinity of the injection. 7. At block, the resting potential decreases up to 50 per cent, but injection of small quantities of divalent cations may cause much larger localized depolarization. 8. The blocking effectiveness of K+, Na+, and Ca++ expressed as reciprocals of the relative amounts needed to cause block is approximately 1:5:100. Rb+ has the same low effectiveness as does K+. Li+ resembles Na+. Ba++ and Mg++ are approximately as effective as Ca++. 9. Microinjection of Na+ may cause marked prolongation of the spike at the injection site as well as decrease in its amplitude. 10. The anions used (Cl-, HCO3 -, NO3 -, SO4 -, aspartate, and glutamate) do not seem to exert specific effects. 11. A tentative explanation is offered for the insensitivity of the resting potential to changes in the axonal ionic composition. 12. New data are presented on the range of variation, in a large sample, of the magnitude of the resting potential and spike amplitude.
Age-related differences in the quality of life in end-stage renal disease in patients enrolled in hemodialysis or continuous peritoneal dialysis

Background The aim of the present study was to compare the experience elderly and younger patients in terms of emotional status, disease perception, methods of coping with the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) stress, and health-related quality of life in 2 different settings of renal replacement therapy: hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis programs (CAPD). Specifically, we hypothesized that younger people will more frequently use goal-oriented strategies to cope with illness-related stress and elderly patients will use more strategies related to the control of emotion. Material/Methods A total of 69 HD patients, 40 CAPD patients, and 89 healthy volunteers were analyzed. The Situation and Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Profile of Mood States, the Cognitive Stress Appraisal Questionnaire, and the Nottingham Health Profile were used to assess anxiety, long-term emotional status, coping mechanisms, and health-related quality of life. Data were collected on several biochemical and demographic variables. Results Our study revealed that younger and elderly people on dialysis faced quite different problems. Younger people in both RRT groups had statistically higher assessment of ESRD as loss or challenge and they more frequently used distractive and emotional preoccupation coping strategies. Depression, confusion, and bewilderment dominate the emotional status of both patient populations, especially in the younger cohort. Both HDyoung and CAPDyoung patients complained more about lack of energy, mobility limitations, and sleep disturbances as compared to their elderly HD and CAPD counterparts. Conclusions There are different needs and problems in younger and elderly patients on renal replacement therapy. Younger people required more ESRD-oriented support to relieve their health-related complaints to the level observed in their peers and needed extensive psychological assistance in order to cope with negative emotions related to their disease.
Proton-neutron symmetry in valence mirror nuclei.

Nuclear states of yrast and yrare type have been investigated in pairs of valence mirror nuclei: {sup 110}Sn-{sup 142}Nd, {sup 114}Sn-{sup 146}Gd, {sup 43}Ca-{sup 51}V, {sup 45}Ca-{sup 53}Mn, as well as in some even calcium isotopes with their corresponding {ital N}=28 valence mirror isotones. The observed similarities can be related to an approximate proton-neutron symmetry in valence mirror nuclear states.
Characterizing the Structural Features of RNA/RNA Interactions of the F-plasmid FinOP Fertility Inhibition System*

F-like plasmid transfer is mediated by the FinOP fertility inhibition system. Expression of the F positive regulatory protein, TraJ, is controlled by the action of the antisense RNA, FinP, and the RNA-binding protein FinO. FinO binds to and protects FinP from degradation and promotes duplex formation between FinP and traJ mRNA, leading to repression of both traJ expression and conjugative F transfer. FinP antisense RNA secondary structure is composed of two stem-loops separated by a 4-base single-stranded spacer and flanked on each side by single-stranded tails. Here we show that disruption of the expected Watson-Crick base pairing between the loops of FinP stem-loop I and its cognate RNA binding partner, traJ mRNA stem-loop Ic, led to a moderate reduction in the rate of duplex formation in vitro. In vivo, alterations of the anti-ribosome binding site region in the loop of FinP stem-loop I reduced the ability of the mutant FinP to mediate fertility inhibition and to inhibit TraJ expression when expressed in trans at an elevated copy number. Alterations of intermolecular complementarity between the stems of these RNAs reduced the rate of duplex formation. Our results suggest that successful interaction between stem-loop I of FinP and stem-loop Ic of traJ mRNA requires that base pairing must proceed from an initial loop-loop interaction through the top portion of the stems for stable duplex formation to occur.
Improved parallel I/O via a two-phase run-time access strategy

As scientists expand their models to describe physical phenomena of increasingly large extent, I/O becomes crucial and a system with limited I/O capacity can severely constrain the performance of the entire program.We provide experimental results, performed on an lntel Touchtone Delta and nCUBE 2 I/O system, to show that the performance of existing parallel I/O systems can vary by several orders of magnitude as a function of the data access pattern of the parallel program. We then propose a two-phase access strategy, to be implemented in a runtime system, in which the data distribution on computational nodes is decoupled from storage distribution. Our experimental results show that performance improvements of several orders of magnitude over direct access based data distribution methods can be obtained, and that performance for most data access patterns can be improved to within a factor of 2 of the best performance. Further, the cost of redistribution is a very small fraction of the overall access cost.
Good practices for sustainable water and territorial management: experiences from Alps and transferability

(2004). - The article deals with the application in Alpine area of Italy, Germany and Austria of one of the models to diffuse sustainable choices known as "good practice". A pioneer survey about the application of good practices in water and territorial management is presented with the analysis of main results. Then the successful factors and the transferability of good practice are discussed. The article intends to represent an opportunity of exchanging experiences to implement sustainable decision making about water and territorial management. Pilot actions developed in two the torrent an about land existing potential conflicts among river geomorphology and social use of territory and conflicts among different this
Perceptual Assimilation and Discrimination of Non-Native Vowel Contrasts

Abstract Research on language-specific tuning in speech perception has focused mainly on consonants, while that on non-native vowel perception has failed to address whether the same principles apply. Therefore, non-native vowel perception was investigated here in light of relevant theoretical models: the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) and the Natural Referent Vowel (NRV) framework. American-English speakers completed discrimination and native language assimilation (categorization and goodness rating) tests on six nonnative vowel contrasts. Discrimination was consistent with PAM assimilation types, but asymmetries predicted by NRV were only observed for single-category assimilations, suggesting that perceptual assimilation might modulate the effects of vowel peripherality on non-native vowel perception. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Radiosynthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamine as a PET tracer for tumor imaging

In this study, radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of a new [18F]labeled glutamine analogue, N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamine ([18F]FPGLN) for tumor PET imaging are performed. [18F]FPGLN was synthesized via a two-step reaction sequence from 4-nitrophenyl-2-[18F]fluoropropionate ([18F]NFP) with a decay-corrected yield of 30 ± 5% (n=10) and a specific activity of 48 ± 10 GBq/μmol after 125 ± 5 min of radiosynthesis. The biodistribution of [18F]FPGLN was determined in normal Kunming mice and high uptake of [18F]FPGLN was observed within the kidneys and quickly excreted through the urinary bladder. In vitro cell experiments showed that [18F]FPGLN was primarily transported by Na+-dependent system XAG− and was not incorporated into proteins. [18F]FPGLN displayed better stability in vitro than that in vivo. PET/CT studies revealed that intense accumulation of [18F]FPGLN were shown in human SPC-A-1 lung adenocarcinoma and PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts. The results support that [18F]FPGLN seems to be a possible PET tracer for tumor imaging.
Qualitative study of barriers to cervical cancer screening among Nigerian women

Objectives To explore the barriers to cervical cancer screening, focusing on religious and cultural factors, in order to inform group-specific interventions that may improve uptake of cervical cancer screening programmes. Design We conducted four focus group discussions among Muslim and Christian women in Nigeria. Setting Discussions were conducted in two hospitals, one in the South West and the other in the North Central region of Nigeria. Participants 27 Christian and 22 Muslim women over the age of 18, with no diagnosis of cancer. Results Most participants in the focus group discussions had heard about cervical cancer except Muslim women in the South Western region who had never heard about cervical cancer. Participants believed that wizardry, multiple sexual partners and inserting herbs into the vagina cause cervical cancer. Only one participant knew about the human papillomavirus. Among the Christian women, the majority of respondents had heard about cervical cancer screening and believed that it could be used to prevent cervical cancer. Participants mentioned religious and cultural obligations of modesty, gender of healthcare providers, fear of disclosure of results, fear of nosocomial infections, lack of awareness, discrimination at hospitals, and need for spousal approval as barriers to uptake of screening. These barriers varied by religion across the geographical regions. Conclusions Barriers to cervical cancer screening vary by religious affiliations. Interventions to increase cervical cancer awareness and screening uptake in multicultural and multireligious communities need to take into consideration the varying cultural and religious beliefs in order to design and implement effective cervical cancer screening intervention programmes.
Protocols and Resource Allocation for the Two-Way Relay Channel with Half-Duplex Terminals

The two-way relay channel (TWRC) describes the communication between two terminals sharing a common relay. In this work we compare different protocols for the TWRC with a half-duplex relay (forwarding and protocol I) and transmission schemes (Network Coding Relaying with random binning and XOR precoding), when the relay works in decode-and-forward and without channel state information at the transmitters. We provide the optimal resource allocation (in terms of phase duration, data rate and power allocation) when there is an individual or sum-average power constraint over the terminals. Closed-form solutions are derived whenever it is possible, while for others cases we show that the resource allocation can be formulated as a convex problem, which means that the solution can be obtained by low-complexity interior point methods.
Adverse drug reactions in a primary care population prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Objective. To determine how often patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints prescribed a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) subsequently consult their general practitioner (GP) with a non-serious adverse drug reaction (ADR). Design. Cohort study. Setting. A healthcare database containing the electronic GP medical records of over 1.5 million patients throughout the Netherlands. Patients. A total of 16 626 adult patients with MSK complaints prescribed an NSAID. Main outcome measures. The patients’ medical records were manually assessed for the duration of NSAID use for a maximum of two months, and consultations for complaints predefined as potential ADRs were identified. Subsequently, the likelihood of an association with the NSAID use was assessed and these potential ADRs were categorized as likely, possible, or unlikely ADRs. Results. In total, 961 patients (6%) consulted their GP with 1227 non-serious potential ADRs. In 174 patients (1%) at least one of these was categorized as a likely ADR, and in a further 408 patients (2.5%) at least one was categorized as a possible ADR. Dyspepsia was the most frequent likely ADR, followed by diarrhoea and dyspnoea (respectively 34%, 8%, and 8% of all likely ADRs). Conclusion. Of the patients with MSK complaints prescribed an NSAID, almost one in 30 patients re-consulted their GP with a complaint likely or possibly associated with the use of this drug. The burden of such consultations for non-serious ADRs should be taken into account by GPs when deciding whether treatment with an NSAID is appropriate.
A new technique for photovoltaic module performance mathematical model

This paper proposes a method for modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays. The modeling method and the proposed circuit model are useful for power electronic designers who need a simple, fast, accurate, and easy-to-use modeling method to simulate the PV systems. The parameters extraction and the model evaluation are demonstrated using Matlab and Excel link as a new technique to facilitate input/output data of solar module simulink model such as weather conditions and solar module parameters. One-diode equivalent circuit is employed in order to investigate I-V and P-V characteristics of a typical 150W solar module. This model and new technique will be more recommended because the solar module parameters are obtained directly from manufactures catalogs.
Performance of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Cultivars in Different Seasons in Assam

Seven sweet potato cultivars were evaluated at Horticultural Research Station, Kahikuchi, Assam, during 2008 and 2009, both in kharif and rabi seasons under rainfed conditions. The shoot growth, tuber yield and tuber quality parameters were evaluated in both the seasons. The growth parameters viz., vine length, branch numbers and petiole length were greater in kharif as compared to rabi season, whereas tuber yield was greater in rabi season than kharif in all the cultivars. The cultivar Kothal Kuhia (local) exhibited better growth performance in both the seasons and produced the maximum tuber yield (26.17 t ha -1 ) during the rabi season than in kharif . The tuber yield of HRS-1 (24.91 t ha -1 ) and 440074 (24.09 t ha -1 ) were on par with Kothal Kuhia. The starch content of tubers of all the sweet potato cultivars tested was also found to be greater in rabi than in kharif season. Starch content of fresh tubers was maximum in Kothal Kuhia during rabi season (24.99%), whereas, it was minimum in IB-97-615 (18.24%). The cultivars Kothal Kuhia and 440047 proved to be superior with respect to growth, yield and starch content of tuber in both kharif and rabi seasons. Both these cultivars can be recommended for cultivation under the agro-climatic conditions of Assam.
Simulation of a Parametric Model for Interference Cancellation in Open Space EMC Measurement

This paper derives the utility of recursion based adaptive algorithm for the cancellation of interference in open space in a noisy environment. Several parameters of interest like polarization, transmitter power, noise profile, filter characteristics and sampling rate are contemplated. We test the proficiency and ability of recursive least square (RLS) adaptive algorithm for frequency, temporal and spatial synthesis of Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) measurement. Theoretical justification and parameter choice verification are also covered. The required parameters that completely define the model like polarization, transmitter power, noise profile, filter characteristics and, sampling rate are contemplated and essential simulation results for open space are presented.
Parallel Syntactic Annotation of Multiple Languages

This paper describes an effort to investigate the incrementally deepening development of an interlingua notation, validated by human annotation of texts in English plus six languages. We begin with deep syntactic annotation, and in this paper present a series of annotation manuals for six different languages at the deep-syntactic level of representation. Many syntactic differences between languages are removed in the proposed syntactic annotation, making them useful resources for multilingual NLP projects with semantic components.
Heuristic Procedures for Reactive Project Scheduling

This paper describes new heuristic reactive project scheduling procedures that may be used to repair resource-constrained project baseline schedules that suffer from multiple activity duration disruptions during project execution. The objective is to minimize the deviations between the baseline schedule and the schedule that is actually realized. We discuss computational results obtained with priority-rule based schedule generation schemes, a sampling approach and a weighted-earliness tardiness heuristic on a set of randomly generated project instances.
On the effect of Wiener phase noise in OFDM systems

Multicarrier modulation exhibits a significant sensitivity to the phase noise of the oscillator used for frequency down-conversion at the portable receiver. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the impact of the phase noise on the system performance. We present an accurate method to determine the error probability of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system in the presence of phase noise. In particular, four modulation schemes are analyzed and their performances are compared.