Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer Rejection: Bridging Theory and Application

The signifi cance of peer relations is a well-documented fi nding in the study of human development [see, for instance, Hartup, 1983]. Ever since Jacob Moreno published his book Who Shall Survive? in 1934, research psychologists, clinicians, and practitioners alike have been interested in understanding the peer relations of children and youth, the structure of their social groups in schools and neighborhoods, and the traits and behaviors associated with children’s social position in their peer groups. The past 25 years in particular have seen an exponential growth of interest in the topic of peer relations [e.g., Rubin, Bukowski, & Parker, 1998]. One reason for this interest was a concern for children and adolescents who are not doing well in the peer group, and the behavior problems displayed by them, such as aggressive or withdrawn behaviors. Another reason was the recognition that aggression and antisocial behavior among youth, on the rise in the 1970s, often occur in interactions with peers and are often sustained by those peers [see, for instance, Coie & Dodge, 1998]. Karen Bierman is a child clinical and developmental scientist who has made signifi cant contributions to understanding children’s peer relations and peer diffi culties over this time period. Her book Peer Rejection: Developmental Processes and Intervention Strategies, is a refl ection of this experience, covering behavioral processes, assessment strategies, and intervention methods for peer rejection and rejection-related problems from the perspective of a researcher and interventionist who has been at the center of this fi eld for the last quarter century. This book is a comprehensive review of research fi ndings on the correlates of peer rejection, of methods to assess rejected status in the peer group, and of interventions to change the plight of the rejected child. It comes with a foreword by John Coie, one of the leaders of the peer relations fi eld and a long-time collaborator of Bierman in the Conduct Disorder Prevention Research Group [e.g., CDPRG, 1992,
Work and Family Policies in Australia: Critical Processes

During the last decade there has been increasing interest in policies designed to assist employees manage both their employment and domestic responsibilities. These policies cover a variety of areas and include work‐based childcare centres, flexible working arrangements, leave arrangements and career break schemes. These policies have been labelled “family‐friendly” policies or “work and family” policies.
Exploiting Variable length Teager Energy Operator in melcepstral features for person recognition from humming

In this paper, we attempt voice biometrics problem using only humming signal rather than normal speech. This paper adapts a new feature extraction technique which exploits Variable length Teager Energy Operator (VTEO) onto subband filtered signal of Mel filterbank. This feature modifies structure of state-of-the-art feature set, viz., Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). In particular, a new energy measure, viz., VTEO is employed to compute subband energies of different time-domain subband signals. The features derived MFCCs to capture magnitude and phase spectrum information via VTEO are termed as MFCC-VTMP. Discriminatively-trained polynomial classifier of 2nd order approximations is used as the basis for all experiments. MFCC-VTMP feature set is found to be better than MFCC for various evaluation factors such as order of polynomial classifier, dimension of feature vector, signal degradation conditions and class separability. % EER of MFCC and MFCC-VTMP are found to be 12.20% and 12.01%, respectively using 2nd order polynomial classification.
2-[(E)-2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethenyl]-1-methylpyridinium 4-bromobenzenesulfonate1

In the title compound, C16H15N2 +·C6H4BrO3S−, the cation exists in the E configuration and is essentially planar with a dihedral angle of 3.10 (5)° between the pyridinium ring and the indole ring system. The π-conjugated planes of the cation and the anion are inclined to each other at a dihedral angle of 64.32 (4)°. In the crystal structure, the cations are stacked in an antiparallel manner along the a axis. The anions are linked into a chain along the a axis. The cations and the anions are linked into a three-dimensional network by N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π interactions. A π–π interaction between the five-membered heterocyclic ring of the indole system and the pyridinium ring is also observed with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.5855 (7) Å.
Purification and Characterization of a New Dimeric Mannose/Glucose-Binding Isolectin from Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreber

Abstract A new mannose/glucose specific isolectin VTL-II has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the seeds of Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreber through successive steps of (i) lectin extraction, (ii) ammonium sulfate fractionation (30–50%), and (iii) affinity chromatography on a column of Sephadex G-50 covalently coupled with D-mannose. The isolectin was found to be a dimeric protein of molecular weight 62 kDa made up of apparently chemically identical subunits unlike the tetrameric isolectins reported earlier from the same plant source. It was found to exhibit (i) 8–16 times higher specificity for rabbit RBC than human RBC, though it showed unspecificity with respect to the different human blood groups, (ii) non-dependence on divalent metal ion for its hemagglutinating activity, (iii) relatively broad pH optimum ranging from pH 7.0 to 8.0, and (iv) thermal inactivation behavior characterized by t1/2 of 50°C.
Galectin-1 Promotes Lung Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance by Upregulating p38 MAPK, ERK, and Cyclooxygenase-2

Purpose: This study is aimed at investigating the role and novel molecular mechanisms of galectin-1 in lung cancer progression. Experimental Design: The role of galectin-1 in lung cancer progression was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo by short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of galectin-1 in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. To explore novel molecular mechanisms underlying galectin-1–mediated tumor progression, we analyzed gene expression profiles and signaling pathways using reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. A tissue microarray containing samples from patients with lung cancer was used to examine the expression of galectin-1 in lung cancer. Results: We found overexpression of galectin-1 in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Suppression of endogenous galectin-1 in lung adenocarcinoma resulted in reduction of the cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumor growth in mice. In particular, COX-2 was downregulated in galectin-1–knockdown cells. The decreased tumor invasion and anchorage-independent growth abilities were rescued after reexpression of COX-2 in galectin-1–knockdown cells. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β1 promoted COX-2 expression through galectin-1 interaction with Ras and subsequent activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK), and NF-κB pathway. Galectin-1 knockdown sensitized lung cancer cells to platinum-based chemotherapy (cisplatin). In addition, galectin-1 and COX-2 expression was correlated with the progression of lung adenocarcinoma, and high clinical relevance of both proteins was evidenced (n = 47). Conclusions: p38 MAPK, ERK, and COX-2 activation are novel mediators for the galectin-1–promoted tumor progression and chemoresistance in lung cancer. Galectin-1 may be an innovative target for combined modality therapy for lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(15); 4037–47. ©2012 AACR.
Actin disassembly clock determines shape and speed of lamellipodial fragments

A central challenge in motility research is to quantitatively understand how numerous molecular building blocks self-organize to achieve coherent shape and movement on cellular scales. A classic example of such self-organization is lamellipodial motility in which forward translocation is driven by a treadmilling actin network. Actin polymerization has been shown to be mechanically restrained by membrane tension in the lamellipodium. However, it remains unclear how membrane tension is determined, what is responsible for retraction and shaping of the rear boundary, and overall how actin-driven protrusion at the front is coordinated with retraction at the rear. To answer these questions, we utilize lamellipodial fragments from fish epithelial keratocytes which lack a cell body but retain the ability to crawl. The absence of the voluminous cell body in fragments simplifies the relation between lamellipodial geometry and cytoskeletal dynamics. We find that shape and speed are highly correlated over time within individual fragments, whereby faster crawling is accompanied by larger front-to-rear lamellipodial length. Furthermore, we find that the actin network density decays exponentially from front-to-rear indicating a constant net disassembly rate. These findings lead us to a simple hypothesis of a disassembly clock mechanism in which rear position is determined by where the actin network has disassembled enough for membrane tension to crush it and haul it forward. This model allows us to directly relate membrane tension with actin assembly and disassembly dynamics and elucidate the role of the cell membrane as a global mechanical regulator which coordinates protrusion and retraction.
Plant eR Genes That Encode Photorespiratory Enzymes Confer Resistance against Disease Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.016352.

Downy mildew caused by the oomycete pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a devastating foliar disease of cucurbits worldwide. We previously demonstrated that the wild melon line PI 124111F (PI) is highly resistant to all pathotypes of P. cubensis. That resistance was controlled genetically by two partially dominant, complementary loci. Here, we show that unlike other plant disease resistance genes, which confer an ability to resist infection by pathogens expressing corresponding avirulence genes, the resistance of PI to P. cubensis is controlled by enhanced expression of the enzymatic resistance (eR) genes At1 and At2. These constitutively expressed genes encode the photorespiratory peroxisomal enzyme proteins glyoxylate aminotransferases. The low expression of At1 and At2 in susceptible melon lines is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level. This regulation is independent of infection with the pathogen. Transgenic melon plants overexpressing either of these eR genes displayed enhanced activity of glyoxylate aminotransferases and remarkable resistance against P. cubensis. The cloned eR genes provide a new resource for developing downy mildew–resistant melon varieties.
Glucose and acute exercise influence factors secreted by circulating angiogenic cells in vitro

Circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) influence vascular repair through the secretion of proangiogenic factors and cytokines. While CAC are deficient in patients with diabetes and exercise has a beneficial effect on CACs, the impact of these factors on paracrine secretion from CAC is unknown. We aimed to determine whether the in vitro secretion of selected cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) from CAC is influenced by hyperglycemia and acute exercise. Colony‐forming unit CAC (CFU‐CAC) were cultured from young active men (n = 9, 24 ± 2 years) at rest and after exercise under normal (5 mmol/L) and elevated (15 mmol/L) glucose. Preliminary relative multiplex cytokine analysis revealed that CAC conditioned culture media contained three of six measured cytokines: transforming growth factor‐beta‐1 (TGFβ1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1). Single quantitative cytokine analysis was used to determine the concentration of each cytokine from the four conditions. NO was measured via Griess assay. There was a significant effect of CAC exposure to in vivo exercise on in vitro TGFβ1 secretion (P = 0.024) that was independent of glucose concentration. There was no effect of glucose or acute exercise on TNFα or MCP‐1 concentration (both P > 0.05). The concentration of NO from CFU‐CAC cultured in elevated glucose was lower following acute exercise (P = 0.002) suggesting that exercise did not maintain NO secretion under hyperglycemic conditions. Our results identify paracrine signaling factors that may be responsible for the proangiogenic function of CFU‐CAC and an influence of acute exercise and elevated glucose on CFU‐CAC soluble factor secretion.
Role and uptake of human papillomavirus vaccine in adolescent health in the United States

Both the prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, Gardasil® and Cervarix®, are licensed for the prevention of cervical cancer in females, and Gardasil is also licensed for the prevention of genital warts and anal cancer in both males and females. This review focuses on the uptake of these vaccines in adolescent males and females in the USA and the barriers associated with vaccine initiation and completion. In the USA in 2009, approximately 44.3% of adolescent females aged 13–17 years had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine, but only 26.7% had received all three doses. In general, the Northeast and Midwest regions of the USA have the highest rates of HPV vaccine initiation in adolescent females, while the Southeast has the lowest rates of vaccine initiation. Uptake of the first dose of the HPV vaccine in adolescent females did not vary by race/ethnicity; however, completion of all three doses is lower among African Americans (23.1%) and Latinos (23.4%) compared with Caucasians (29.3%). At present, vaccination rates among adolescent females are lower than expected, and thus vaccine models suggest that it is more cost-effective to vaccinate both adolescent males and females. Current guidelines for HPV vaccination in adolescent males is recommended only for “permissive use,” which leaves this population out of routine vaccination for HPV. The uptake of the vaccine is challenged by the high cost, feasibility, and logistics of three-dose deliveries. The biggest impact on acceptability of the vaccine is by adolescents, physicians, parents, and the community. Future efforts need to focus on HPV vaccine education among adolescents and decreasing the barriers associated with poor vaccine uptake and completion in adolescents before their sexual debut, but Papanicolau screening should remain routine among adults and those already infected until a therapeutic vaccine can be developed.
Book Review: Perspectives in Politics and Discourse

Schegloff EA (1992) In another context. In: Duranti A and Goodwin C (eds) Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 191–227. Schegloff EA (1997) Whose text? Whose context? Discourse & Society 8(2): 165–187. Young RF (2007) Language learning and teaching as discursive practice. In: Hua Z, Seedhouse P, Wei L and Cook V (eds) Language Learning and Teaching as Social Inter-action. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 251–271.
Late appearance and deprivation‐sensitive growth of permanent dendrites in the avian cochlear nucleus (Nuc. magnocellularis)

The second‐order auditory neurons in the avian nucleus magnocellularis (NM) do not begin to grow permanent dendrites until about embryonic day 17 (E17), a few days before hatching. Since the auditory periphery and brain‐stem auditory nuclei are functional by E14 at the latest, the late appearance and growth of permanent dendrites in NM provides an unusual opportunity to examine the role of sensory experience in the very early stages of dendritic growth. We studied the development of NM dendrites in normal chickens and in animals with sustained monaural acoustic deprivation. In Golgi‐Hortega preparations at E17 and posthatching days 4 (P4), 10 (P10), and 60 (P60), the proportion of stained NM neurons with a dendritic process (“dendritic neurons”) and the length of these dendrites were measured. In normal animals the mean proportion of dendritic neurons rose from about 14% at E17 to 40% at P4 and thereafter. The mean length of NM dendrites in normal animals, however, grew significantly until P10, rising from about 14 μm at E17 to 48 μm by P4, and about 100 μm at P10 and P60. A 40‐dB monaural conductive hearing loss maintained with plastic earplugs from E18 on produced substantial retardation of dendritic growth after P4; at P10 the difference in length between deprived and nondeprived dendrites was 32% and at P60 was 38%. The proportion of dendritic neurons in the deprived NM and the mean diameter of the deprived dendrites were not affected by deprivation. Deprived dendrites in experimental animals were also significantly shorter than those in normal control animals. The length of nondeprived dendrites in experimental animals did not differ from that of controls, arguing against any compensatory hypertrophy. The functions of NM dendrites in the central processing of auditory information are as yet unknown. The facts that these dendrites (1) undergo their most rapid growth during the period of the animal's first exposure to airborne sound and (2) are markedly stunted by a nondeafferenting moderately severe acoustic deprivation suggest that acoustic experience has a strong facilitative function in the posthatching development of the cochlear nucleus. These results also suggest that afferent synaptic stimulation can affect the subsequent elongation, but not the initial outgrowth, of dendrites.
Agents and Robots Teaming With People — A New Strategy for Cognitive Systems Research

We propose an alternative approach to cognitive system research based on the concept of a “cognitive team system” composed of interacting humans and “active computational systems” (ACSs) such as software agents and robots. We argue that conducting research into the design and implementation of such cognitive systems has several advantages: • Faster achievement of useful cognitive capability • Identification of currently unaddressed research issues • Alternative approaches to known cognitive system research problems. The context for this research approach and the motivation for adopting it is the goal of achieving cognitive system capabilities that improve the performance of integrated systems of humans, agents, and robots. Such systems are becoming increasingly important for military operational concepts of the future. In this paper we define the “cognitive team system” research strategy, describe examples of military operational concepts which could be enabled by cognitive team systems, describe some early examples of cognitive team systems, and illustrate by example how such a research strategy modifies our views of cognitive system research questions.
Dynamic Fracture Analysis

How materials fracture is one of the most fundamental problems in materials science and engineering. Typically, the stress fields near the crack tip are highly nonlinear, and stress-field decay far from the tip is very slow, making fracture a difficult problem. Progress in large-scale scientific computing during the last decade has helped researchers successfully study dynamic fracture.
Type classes in Haskell

This article defines a set of type inference rules for resolving overloading introduced by type classes, as used in the functional programming language Haskell. Programs including type classes are transformed into ones which may be typed by standard Hindley-Milner inference rules. In contrast to other work on type classes, the rules presented here relate directly to Haskell programs. An innovative aspect of this work is the use of second-order lambda calculus to record type information in the transformed program.
LeonVM : Using Dynamic Translation for Developing High-Speed Space Processor Emulators

A critical part of most space simulations is the actual emulation of the onboard processors of the spacecraft and of the onboard software being run on those processors. In the past, most of ESA missions used the MIL-1750 family of processors [1]. ESA is currently using the ERC32 processor [2,3,4] for most missions and upcoming missions. Nevertheless, in the long run, it is expected that the LEON family of processors will be used. LEON is a low cost SPARCv8-compatible processor which was initially developed by ESTEC. LEON is freely available as a synthesizable VHDL model that can be easily implemented on an FPGA board or as an ASIC. Currently, both Atmel and SaabEricsson Space have readily available implementations of LEON2. Almel’s is commercialized under the designation AT697E, running at 100 MHz and offering a performance of 86 Dhrystone MIPS for space applications [5]; SaabEricsson’s is named COLE and runs at 128 MHz having a reported performance of 90 MIPS [6].
Visualizing and Exploring Personal Music Libraries

Nowadays, music fans are beginning to massively use mobile digital music players and dedicated software to organize and play large collections of music. In this context, users deal with huge music libraries containing thousands of tracks. Such a huge volume of music easily overwhelms users when selecting the music to listen or when organizing their collections. Music player software with visualizations based on textual lists and organizing features such as smart playlists are not really enough for helping users to efficiently manage their libraries. Thus, we propose new graphical visualizations and their associated features to allow users to better organize their personal music libraries and therefore also to ease selection later on.
A novel personalized academic venue hybrid recommender

To see his work accepted and published, a researcher should submit it to the most appropriate conferences or journals. When a researcher schedules to submit his paper, it is generally difficult to him to find an upcoming conference that fits his research topics and also his requirements. To tackle this problem, we propose a personalized academic venue recommendation solution related to venues in the computer science field. Since generally researchers who are cited in the references share the same research interests with a target researcher, our approach is based on bibliographic data augmented by citation relationships between papers. The main idea is to recommend venues on the basis of those of his co-authors, co-citers and co-affiliated. The reliability of each researcher is taken into account to make recommendations. Then, call of papers data are used to recommend personalized upcoming conferences to a given researcher. Our hybrid recommendation system is able to filter out irrelevant conferences that do not respond to the researcher's requirements (ranking, publisher, location). The cold start problem for young researchers is also taken into account. Experiments with the bibliographic citation dataset show that our new approach outperforms the standard collaborative filtering and provides accurate recommendation.
Energy-Aware Depth Map Generation for 3D Portrait on Android Systems

The most important information in transforming a 2D image into a 3D image is the depth of each pixel in the image. However, a normal 2D image usually does not contain such information, which makes the transformation impossible. On the other hand, for certain types of pictures, such as personal portraits, it is possible to infer crude depth information from their known contexts and properties. Unfortunately, depth map generation is very involving and, if executed on a mobile phone, will consume a lot of energy. This is undesirable, particularly when the mobile device is running out of battery. The application must be aware of the energy status of the system, make appropriate tradeoffs, and then adapt accordingly. This paper presents such an energy-aware, 2D-to-3D image transformation tool for personal portraits on mobile phones. The tool will choose a suitable depth-map generation algorithm based on the remaining energy of the device. We will discuss how to make the tradeoffs and evaluate the idea on real machines.