Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delayed Fracture Healing in Alcohol Abusers—A Preliminary Retrospective Study

A retrospective study of 30 patients (12 alcoholics and 18 nonalcoholics) was performed to determine whether the fracture healing time (T) was longer in alcoholics and smokers. Fracture healing time (mean ± standard error) was longer in alcoholics (24.1 ± 5.8 weeks vs. 11.4 ±1.1 weeks in nonalcoholics, p=0.001) and in 21 smokers (15.8 ± 2.9 weeks) vs. 9 nonsmokers (18.2 ± 5.9 weeks) (p=0.045). Delayed union, defined as T > 26 weeks, was more prevalent in alcoholics (4 out of 12) than in nonalcoholics (0 out of 18) (p = 0.018). Experimental evidence from fracture healing studies in ethanol-fed rats indicates that ethanol adversely affects the early stages of fracture healing. Findings in this preliminary study are consistent with this hypothesis, but are based on small number of patients. Nevertheless, they suggest that standard orthopedic treatments may not be sufficient to prevent delay of fracture healing in alcoholics.
A novel approach to WLAN mesh interworking with multiple mesh portals

In this paper we study IEEE 802.11s-based wireless local area network(WLAN) mesh interworking with external LANs. Interworking with multiple mesh portals is necessary not only for network reliability but also for load balancing and increased throughput. In case, however, two or more mesh portals connect the mesh to one external LAN segment, broadcast loops may occur and the IEEE 802.1D bridging protocol may cause the LAN ports of mesh portals to be closed, which results in interworking with the LAN through only one mesh portal. To enable multiple portals in WLAN mesh interworking, we propose a new architecture for mesh portals to implement all but the port blocking function of IEEE 802.1D bridge; thus allowing bridge protocol data units (BPDUs) to be transparently forwarded inside the mesh network. Our proposal is to eliminate the formation of broadcast loops while enabling multiple mesh portals to interwork with the same external LAN segment. This can be achieved by filtering frames at mesh portals making use of new fields we introduce in the portal announcement information element and mesh header so that no frame can be transmitted from a mesh portal to another portal more than once when both mesh portals are connected to the same LAN segment.
A yeast acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase mutant links very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis to the structure and function of the nuclear membrane-pore complex

The conditional mRNA transport mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acc1-7-1 (mtr7-1), displays a unique alteration of the nuclear envelope. Unlike nucleoporin mutants and other RNA transport mutants, the intermembrane space expands, protuberances extend from the inner membrane into the intermembrane space, and vesicles accumulate in the intermembrane space. MTR7 is the same gene as ACC1, encoding acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (Acc1p), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo fatty acid synthesis. Genetic and biochemical analyses of fatty acid synthesis mutants and acc1-7-1 indicate that the continued synthesis of malonyl-CoA, the enzymatic product of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, is required for an essential pathway which is independent from de novo synthesis of fatty acids. We provide evidence that synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (C26 atoms) is inhibited in acc1-7-1, suggesting that very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis is required to maintain a functional nuclear envelope.
Using Hough Forests for Object Detection

Object detection is a challenging problem in computer vision, despite recent progress. The main reason is the high intra-class variability between object class instances, and generalization to unknown classes [8]. The problems complexity increases with varying illumination conditions and background clutter. Hough forests [5] was recently introduced as a powerful method that produces state-of-the-art results on computer vision problems such as object detection and action recognition [10]. Hough forests are random forests [2] tailored to compute the generalized Hough transform efficiently [5]. They not only improve the performance of generalized Hough transform, but their application can be extended beyond object detection, to action recognition and object tracking.
Naming The Mind How Psychology Found Its Language

Thank you very much for reading naming the mind how psychology found its language. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this naming the mind how psychology found its language, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their computer.
Increased Drought Tolerance through the Suppression of ESKMO1 Gene and Overexpression of CBF-Related Genes in Arabidopsis

Improved drought tolerance is always a highly desired trait for agricultural plants. Significantly increased drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia-0) has been achieved in our work through the suppression of ESKMO1 (ESK1) gene expression with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression of CBF genes with constitutive gene expression. ESK1 has been identified as a gene linked to normal development of the plant vascular system, which is assumed directly related to plant drought response. By using siRNA that specifically targets ESK1, the gene expression has been reduced and drought tolerance of the plant has been enhanced dramatically in the work. However, the plant response to external abscisic acid application has not been changed. ICE1, CBF1, and CBF3 are genes involved in a well-characterized plant stress response pathway, overexpression of them in the plant has demonstrated capable to increase drought tolerance. By overexpression of these genes combining together with suppression of ESK1 gene, the significant increase of plant drought tolerance has been achieved in comparison to single gene manipulation, although the effect is not in an additive way. Accompanying the increase of drought tolerance via suppression of ESK1 gene expression, the negative effect has been observed in seeds yield of transgenic plants in normal watering conditions comparing with wide type plant.
Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy Chain Correlations to Visual Function, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Treatment

Objective. To correlate visual and neurologic clinical scores and treatment of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with assays of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of axonal loss. Design/Methods. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) randomized 457 patients with acute optic neuritis to intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) followed by oral prednisone, oral prednisone or placebo treatment arms. We quantified serum pNF-H levels in 175 ONTT patients 5 years after study entry. We performed OCT measurements of macular volume and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in a subset of 51 patients at year 15. Results. Elevated pNF-H levels at year 5 correlated to poorer visual function at study entry. Lower 15 year macular volumes and RNFL thickness correlated better with follow-up than with baseline visual function measures. With IVMP treatment, 15 year RNFL differences of the fellow eye (FE) minus the affected eye (SE) RNFLFEmSE correlated with five-year pNF-H levels. PNF-H was reduced by half with IVMP relative to placebo or by 40% relative to prednisone. Conclusions/Relevance. Acute optic neuritis patients who have more severe visual loss during initial presentation have a higher incidence of axonal loss that was slightly suppressed with IVMP treatment.
Speech understanding using surgical masks: a problem in health care?

BACKGROUND Successful communication is necessary in health-care environments. Yet the presence of noise in hospitals, operating rooms, and dental offices may have a deleterious effect on health-care personnel and patients understanding messages accurately. The presence of a surgical mask and hearing loss may further affect speech perception. PURPOSE To evaluate whether a surgical mask had an effect on speech understanding for listeners with normal hearing and hearing impairment when speech stimuli were administered in the presence or absence of dental office noise. RESEARCH DESIGN Participants were assigned to one of two groups based on hearing sensitivity in this quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study. STUDY SAMPLE A total of 31 adults participated in this study (1 talker, 15 listeners with normal hearing, and 15 with hearing impairment). The normal hearing group had thresholds of 25 dB HL or better at the octave frequencies from 250 through 8000 Hz while the hearing loss group had varying degrees and configurations of hearing loss with thresholds equal to or poorer than 25 dB HL for the same octave frequencies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Selected lists from the Connected Speech Test (CST) were digitally recorded with and without a surgical mask present and then presented to the listeners in four conditions: without a mask in quiet, without a mask in noise, with a mask in quiet, and with a mask in noise. RESULTS A significant difference was found in the spectral analyses of the speech stimuli with and without the mask. The presence of a surgical mask, however, did not have a detrimental effect on speech understanding in either the normal-hearing or hearing-impaired groups. The dental office noise did have a significant effect on speech understanding for both groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the presence of a surgical mask did not negatively affect speech understanding. However, the presence of noise did have a deleterious effect on speech perception and warrants further attention in health-care environments.
Link Transport Time and Infrastructure Aided Delay Efficient Routing in VANETs

In this paper, we address the problem of routing in Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs). We present a new metric, Link Transport Time (LTT) to estimate connectivity and channel load on a road segment (link) between two RSUs (road side units) located at neighboring intersections. Regular beacon and other messages include the time of last encounter with an RSU. This time is propagated and updated from vehicle to vehicle until a vehicle arrives at the next RSU, which is then able to calculate the time needed for a message to travel between two RSUs by either data muling or V2V communications. This metric is applied in LoP (LTT-over-Progress) a new infrastructure aided routing algorithm. In LoP routing from a source to a destination D with known location, all links leading closer to D and having acceptable LTT metric are identified. The selected link is the one with the minimal ratio of LTT over the progress in terms of distance to D. We show that LoP provides efficient use of the channel, and low transmission delays by the use of the connectivity and channel load estimation, compared to GSR algorithm.
Trauma, Mothering, and Intergenerational Transmission: A Synthesis of Behavioral and Oxytocin Research

ABSTRACT Although intergenerational effects of traumatic experiences have garnered increased clinical and empirical attention, not much is known about the mechanisms by which trauma-related distress is transmitted. This paper brings together insights from mother–infant attachment research and oxytocin research to provide a neurobiobehavioral account of how maternal trauma affects the mother, the mother–infant attachment, and the infant. We draw from both behavioral and oxytocin research to shed light on how the cycle of intergenerational transmission is perpetuated and to consider what can be done to disrupt the cycle. We conclude by pointing toward a strategy for intervening in the intergenerational transmission of trauma, highlighting areas where further research is needed.
A FACTOR ANALYTICAL METHOD

The copyright to this Article is held by the Econometric Society. It may be downloaded, printed and reproduced only for educational or research purposes, including use in course packs. No downloading or copying may be done for any commercial purpose without the explicit permission of the Econometric Society. For such commercial purposes contact the Office of the Econometric Society (contact information may be found at the website http://www.econometricsociety.org or in the back cover of Econometrica). This statement must be included on all copies of this Article that are made available electronically or in any other format. 1 We consider the estimation of dynamic panel data models in the presence of incidental parameters in both dimensions: individual fixed-effects and time fixed-effects, as well as incidental parameters in the variances. We adopt the factor analytical approach by estimating the sample variance of individual effects rather than the effects themselves. In the presence of cross-sectional heteroskedasticity, the factor method estimates the average of the cross-sectional variances instead of the individual variances. The method thereby eliminates the incidental-parameter problem in the means and in the variances over the cross-sectional dimension. We further show that estimating the time effects and heteroskedasticities in the time dimension does not lead to the incidental-parameter bias even when T and N are comparable. Moreover, efficient and robust estimation is obtained by jointly estimating heteroskedasticities.
A Dedicated Computer Architecture Framework for Large Scale Multi-string-matching Complete Automaton

Multiple string matching to handle massive amount of data could be implemented via a complete automaton. But it is difficult to implement because of computational complexity and processing speed, especially in real time. A dedicated computer architecture framework, which makes it possible, is proposed in this paper. The features of this architecture are as following: tree node is expressed by two elements instead of general three elements. The core of this architecture is hierarchical memory, including register, fast memory and mass memory, rather than computational unit. The processing unit is comparator rather than calculator. Finally the effects of parameter change to the hardware complexity are discussed also. The space complexity of this architecture is O(|P|) rather than O(|P|*|N|), and the hardware complexity is O(|N|/|P|) rather than O(|N|*|P|), where |P| is the number of state and |N| is the size of state transition table.
A Genealogical Approach to Quantifying Lineage Divergence

Abstract We introduce a statistic, the genealogical sorting index (gsi), for quantifying the degree of exclusive ancestry of labeled groups on a rooted genealogy and demonstrate its application. The statistic is simple, intuitive, and easily calculated. It has a normalized range to facilitate comparisons among different groups, trees, or studies and it provides information on individual groups rather than a composite measure for all groups. It naturally handles polytomies and accommodates measures of uncertainty in phylogenetic relationships. We use coalescent simulations to explore the behavior of the gsi across a range of divergence times, with the mean value increasing to 1, the maximum value when exclusivity within a group reached monophyly. Simulations also demonstrate that the power to reject the null hypothesis of mixed genealogical ancestry increased markedly as sample size increased, and that the gsi provides a statistically more powerful measure of divergence than FST. Applications to data from published studies demonstrated that the gsi provides a useful way to detect significant exclusivity even when groups are not monophyletic. Although we describe this statistic in the context of divergence, it is more broadly applicable to quantify and assess the significance of clustering of observations in labeled groups on any tree.
A Semi-Syntactic Soundness Proof for HM(X)

This document gives a soundness proof for the generic constraint-based type inference framework HM(X). Our proof is semi-syntactic. It consists in two steps. The first step is to define a ground type system, where polymorphism is extensional, and prove its correctness in a syntactic way. The second step is to interpret HM(X) judgements as (sets of) judgements in the underlying system, which gives a logical view of polymorphism and constraints. Overall, the approach may be seen as more modular than a purely syntactic approach: because polymorphism and constraints are dealt with separately, they do not clutter the subject reduction proof. However, it yields a slightly weaker result: it only establishes type soundness, rather than subject reduction, for HM(X).
NOVAS ALTERNATIVAS AO EXERCÍCIO DA DEMOCRACIA TRADICIONAL: A DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA

RESUMO O presente estudo cientifico aborda uma alternativa a democracia tradicional, pois cada vez mais apresenta-se sua importância a participacao cidada nos assuntos publicos. Neste sentido, um modelo democratico que esta a triunfar na sociedade e a democracia participativa a qual confere aos cidadaos uma funcao essencial no tratamento de assuntos publicos, tal como no âmbito da politica, economia, cultura etc., e que pode ser exercida de diversas formas, por exemplo, a traves da iniciativa legislativa cidada entre outras. Ao longo deste trabalho analisar-se-a a democracia participativa a traves da iniciativa legislativa cidada fazendo um estudo entre a legislacao de Portugal e Espanha, em especial, a Comunidade Autonoma da Galiza, pois ainda que nao sao iguais tem muitas semelhancas. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: democracia; democracia participativa; iniciativa legislativa cidada; cidadania; direito publico. ABSTRACT This scientific study aims an alternative to the traditional democracy, so increasingly presents his importance to the citizen participation in the public subjects. In this sense, a democratic model that is succeeding in the society is the participative democracy which confers to the citizens an essential function in the treatment of public subjects, such as in the field of the politics, economy, culture etc., and that can be exerted of diverse forms, for example, through of the legislative initiative citizen between others. Along this work will analyses the participative democracy the through of the legislative initiative citizen doing a study between the legislation of Portugal and Spain, especially, the Autonomous Community of the Galicia, so although they are not equal have a lot of similarities. KEYWORDS: Democracy; Participative democracy; Popular legislative iniciative; Citizenship; Public law.
Cervical cytology after 2000: where to go?

Since the introduction of the Pap smear by George Papanicolaou, cervical cytology has become the main diagnostic tool to detect cervical cancer. Nowadays cervical cytology is not only used for the detection of overt cancer cells, but also for finding precursor lesions of cervical cancer—that is, cervical intraepithelial lesions grades I–III (CIN). The success of cervical cytology has often been demonstrated by the decrease in the prevalence of cervical cancer in countries where population based organised cervical cancer screening programmes have been introduced.1 However, it should be realised that the use of the Pap smear to detect cervical cancer and its precursor lesions is in fact also its tragedy, because the smears read as false negative are often precursor lesions. Principally, cervical cytology can be used in the following ways: The limited sensitivity and specificity of cervical cytology for detecting cervical cancer and its precursor lesions has been the subject of considerable debate in the last decades. To overcome these problems, several measures have already been taken to improve the end results of smear reading. These include the use of brushes instead of wooden spatulas, optimisation of staining techniques, better training of technicians, and rescreening of smears. These measures have resulted in some improvement in the quality of reading cervical smears. However, it has now become clear that even in high quality laboratories with carefully controlled cervical smear reading, the presence of false positive and false negative smear results cannot entirely be prevented. Given these limitations of cervical cytology the question is whether we can improve the reading of cervical …
Integrating Social Science and Genetics: News from the Political Front

There has been growing interest in the use of genetic models to expand the understanding of political preferences, attitudes, and behaviors. Researchers in the social sciences have begun incorporating these models and have revealed that genetic differences account for individual differences in political beliefs, behaviors, and responses to the political environment. The first Integrating Genetics and the Social Sciences Conference, held at Boulder, Colorado in May of 2010, brought together these researchers. As a result, we jointly review the last 5 years of research in this area. In doing so, we explicate the methods, findings, and limitations of behavior genetic approaches, including twin designs, association studies, and genome-wide analyses, in their application toward exploring political preferences.
A Dynamical Mechanism for Establishing Apsidal Resonance

We show that in a system of two planets initially in nearly circular orbits, an impulse perturbation that imparts a finite eccentricity to one planet's orbit causes the other planet's orbit to become eccentric as well and also naturally results in a libration of their relative apsidal longitudes for a wide range of initial conditions. We suggest that such a mechanism may explain orbital eccentricities and apsidal resonance in some exoplanetary systems. The eccentricity impulse could be caused by the ejection of a planet from these systems or by torques from a primordial gas disk. The amplitude of secular variations provides an observational constraint on the dynamical history of such systems.
Viscous-slip, thermal-slip, and temperature-jump coefficients as defined by the linearized Boltzmann equation and the Cercignani–Lampis boundary condition

A polynomial expansion procedure and an analytical discrete-ordinates method are used to evaluate the viscous-slip coefficient, the thermal-slip coefficient, and the temperature-jump coefficient as defined by a rigorous version of the linearized Boltzmann equation for rigid-sphere interactions and the Cercignani–Lampis boundary condition.
Extended Finite State Machine Based Test Derivation Driven by User Defined Faults

Test derivation based on user defined faults deals with the generation of tests that check if some parts of a given specification are correctly implemented in a corresponding implementation. In this paper, we present a method for test derivation based on user defined faults for extended FSM (EFSM) specifications. Given an EFSM specification ES and a set of selected transitions of ES, the method returns a test suite that is complete with respect to output and transfer faults at the selected transitions, i.e., checks whether the selected transitions are correctly implemented in a corresponding EFSM implementation. Test derivation is based on a formally defined fault model (conformance relation and types of faults) and is guided by some conditions established for complete test derivation. To reduce test derivation efforts, we propose to use appropriate slices of the specification EFSM. The slices, on one hand, preserve the facilities of the original specification (before slicing) EFSM for traversing the selected transitions and for distinguishing their final states and on the other hand, these slices are much smaller than the given specification. Application examples and a simple case study are provided.