Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Deeply are Emotions Encoded in Language Communication and is This Detectable in Text

The study aims at exploring the relatedness between the emotional valence (positive-negative emotion) conveyed by conventional texts and their phonemic content. In the proposed approach, the content of a text is considered as composed of layers, assuming that the sub-lexical phonological elements involved contribute to the transmission of an emotional tone. The sub-lexical layer investigated here is composed of “biphones” - pairings of a vowel and a consonant in either order. A previous analysis of metadata derived from a corpus of sentences evaluated for emotion found that the frequencies of the biphones are strongly correlated with emotional valence. The same method of representing the sub-lexical layer was applied to real-world texts. The validity of the relationships derived from the corpus was tested on arbitrarily downloaded texts on diverse topics published by several news agencies. The statistical analysis shows that the derived relationship between emotional valence and the sub-lexical content of biphones is present in structured real-world, ordinary texts. In conclusion: language communication incorporates phonemic patterns that indicate emotional valence. The overall body of a text carries sub-lexical information about its emotional tone. This approach and result are useful for the fields of sentiment analysis and text emotion recognition. The overall result raises the hypothesis that the cognitive mechanisms that shape the phonemic forms used to mentally build a structured language expression reflect emotional valence. The phenomenon needs further investigation whether it depends on the native language of the reader and how, or if at all biphones per se inspire positive or negative emotion in the listener.
Large‐volume lateral magma transport from the Mull volcano: An insight to magma chamber processes

Long‐distance lateral magma transport within the crust has been inferred for various magmatic systems including oceanic island volcanoes, mid‐oceanic ridges, and large igneous provinces. However, studying the physical and chemical properties of active fissure systems is difficult. Hence, this study investigates the movement of magma away from the Mull volcano in the North Atlantic Igneous Province, where erosion has exposed its upper crustal dike networks. Magmatic lineations within dikes indicate that the magma flow in the Mull dike suite changed from near vertical to horizontal within 30 km of the volcanic center. This implies that distal dikes were fed by lateral magma transport from Mull. Geochemical characteristics indicate that many <50 km long dikes have deep crustal signatures, reflecting storage and assimilation in Lewisian basement. Following crystallization and assimilation in the lower crust, magma fed an upper crustal reservoir, where further fractionation and incorporation of Moinian rocks generated felsic compositions. Distal dikes are andesitic and reflect events in which large volumes of mafic and felsic magma were combined by mixing between lower and upper crustal reservoirs to generate the 30–80 km3 required to supply the long‐distance dikes. Once propagated, compositions along dikes were not significantly affected by assimilation and crystallization. Supplying the distal dikes with magma would have required a large‐scale evacuation of the crustal reservoirs that acted as a potential trigger for explosive volcanism and the caldera formation recorded in Mull central complex.
Combined observations of Arctic sea ice with near‐coincident colocated X‐band, C‐band, and L‐band SAR satellite remote sensing and helicopter‐borne measurements

In this study, we compare colocated near-coincident X-, C-, and L-band fully polarimetry SAR satellite images with helicopter-borne ice thickness measurements acquired during the Norwegian Young sea ICE 2015 (N-ICE2015) expedition in the region of the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard in April 2015. The air-borne surveys provide near-coincident snow plus ice thickness, surface roughness data, and photographs. This unique data set allows us to investigate how the different frequencies can complement one another for sea ice studies, but also to raise awareness of limitations. X-band and L-band satellite scenes were shown to be a useful complement to the standard SAR frequency for sea ice monitoring (C-band) for lead ice and newly formed sea ice identification. This may be in part be due to the frequency but also the high spatial resolution of these sensors. We found a relatively low correlation between snow plus ice thickness and surface roughness. Therefore, in our dataset ice thickness cannot directly be observed by SAR which has important implications for operational ice charting based on automatic segmentation.
The Effects of Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Invasion on the Growth of Indigenous Flora in Katsina State, Northwest Nigeria

Invasive or alien species are increasing in number, extent, and influence worldwide. They are both passengers and drivers of change, and they interact synergistically with many other facets of global change. The Neem trees have been grown successfully in all parts of Nigeria. Neem has become an invasive and naturalized species in various parts of Nigeria in quite diverse ecological and climatic conditions. The tree is adaptable to a wide range of climatic and topographic conditions. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of neem invasion on the growth of indigenous flora in Katsina state. The information on farmers' perception about Neem tree was obtained using semi semi-structured questionnaire. About 200 informants were interviewed. Direct counting of trees was conducted to determine the effect of Neem invasion on the indigenous flora. A total of 58 species of trees belonging to 47 genera within 15 families, of which family Fabaceae has the highest number of tree species, 44 affected by neem invasion in the study area. The result showed the effects of having neem in the farms. Some of the respondents believed that Neem spread easily and nothing grew near it. Others believed that it's difficult to kill and grow back easily. The result indicated a number of tree species found in farms compared to the number of farmers needed for that tree. A lot of farmers preferred indigenous trees then Neem in their farms. In conclusion, in Katsina and from casual observations in the study areas, we have found that Neem is spreading in a way characteristic of an invasive species. They are spread by birds and other animals, becoming numerous under native trees. The trees themselves may become 'weeds. Since farmers in Katsina do not like Neem in their fields, it can be considered a weed, and because it can reproduce in large quantities at a considerable distance from the parent plant, it is, by definition, an invasive plant.
eCommons@AKU eCommons@AKU

Background: Patient retention in care and sustained viral load suppression are a cornerstone to improved health and quality of life, among people living with HIV. However, challenges of retention on ART remain among female sex workers (FSWs). We report lost to follow up (LTFU), viral load suppression, and the associated factors among FSWs that access HIV treatment at primary health care facilities in Kampala. Methods: We retrospectively abstracted and analysed patient management data of HIV positive FSWs who enrolled in care between January 2018 to December 2020. LTFU was defined as failure of a FSW to return for treatment at least 90 days from the date of their last clinic appointment. We defined viral suppression as having a last viral load of ≤ 1000 copies/ml preceding data abstraction. Data were analysed using Stata 15.1 software. Results: A total of 275 FSWs were included in our study sample. We found low retention of 85.1% (n = 234) at six months, corresponding to LTFU of 14.9 (n = 41) within the same period. Retention decreased with duration of being in care up to 73.5% (n = 202) at 24 months, and this translates to LTFU of 26.5% (n = 73). Viral load testing coverage was 62% (n = 132) and of these, 90.9% (n = 120) were virally suppressed. Factors associated with LTFU in univariable logistic regression; and viral load suppression in multivariable logistic regression models were; having a telephone contact (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.9 p = 0.031), having enrolled in HIV care aged ≥ 35 years (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2–1.0 p = 0.048
The level of depression, anxiety and job satisfaction among young Contact Centre employees during the COVID-19 pandemic

The aim of the study is to determined the relationships between symptoms of depression,and the levels of stress,anxiety and job satisfaction among ContactCentre employees and internal employees.The study also examines whether the place of work(remote work vs.office work)differentiates these participants regarding experienced anxiety, depression symptoms,job satisfaction.The study was conducted from October2021 to March2022.It included a total of 61 people aged between 18-45,employed at a Polish bank. Mental state and job satisfaction were assessed using the Job Satisfaction Scale(SSP),PerceivedStressScale(PSS-10),State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and BeckDepressionInventor(BDI). No statistically significant differences in the intensity of perceived stress or symptoms of depression and anxiety were found between the Internal and Contact Centre employees;however, poorer mental functioning was noted in the latter group.The level of job satisfaction in the studied groups significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms(R=-0.427;p<0.001),intensity of perceived stress(R=-0.484,p<0.001),level of anxiety as a state(R=-0.468;p<0.001) and as a trait(R=-0.423,p<0.001). People working in the home office mode obtained significantly higher scores for experienced stress, state and trait anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to people working in the hybrid mode, and significantly higher scores in terms of state anxiety than office workers.1. Contact Centre employees did not differ from internal employees in terms of experienced levels of stress or symptoms of depression and anxiety.2. Working from home can increase the level of perceived stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety among employees.3. More severe depressive and anxiety symptoms and greater perceived stress are associated with a lower perceived level of job satisfaction among young adults.
Study on the Influencing Factors of Green Purchasing Intentions among College Students in a University in Guangdong

The Industrial Revolution has led to a continuous decline in global environmental quality, exacerbating environmental issues in recent years and gradually drawing public attention to ecological concerns. In the context of promoting sustainable development globally, green purchasing behavior, particularly among the millennial generation of college students, is gaining increasing attention due to its minimal negative impact on the environment. This article, based on extensive literature review and a case study of a university in Guangdong Province, employs the Theory of Planned Behavior and utilizes SPSS software for data analysis. It concludes that college students' environmental knowledge, ecological values, perceived self-efficacy, and group pressure significantly influence their green purchasing intentions. The study aims to provide support and reference for related research.
Control Strategy for A Smart Grid-Hybrid Controller for Renewable Energy using Artificial Neuro and Fuzzy Intelligent System

Energy generation using renewable energy resources is increasing with the passage of the time due to the fear of depleting energy resources and global warming. In Pakistan, the whole consumption of electricity in residential and business areas is nearly equal to 40%. More than 5% of energy needs are fulfilled by liquid natural fuel and town gasoline consumption within the residential and industrial sectors. Integration of the renewable resources may cause tripping issues and control of this tripping with the help of conventional controlling methods is time-consuming and wastage of energy. In this research paper, SEC based ANFIS controller for control strategy has been implemented. For this purpose, we used DVR for finding the fault and compensate the voltage drop to the maximum value to avoid tripping. Dynamic programming is used to design a controller which compares the voltage of both renewable resources with the nominal voltage and the triggers the control switches of Bridge through PWM according to the nominal voltage. The model shows that the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed solution are much better than the conventional controller.
Linking disgust and misophonia: The role of mental contamination

In the current study, the authors sought to examine whether the link between moral and sexual disgust and misophonia is mediated by mental contamination.An internationally diverse sample of 283 adults (193 females, 76 males, and 14 non-binary individuals) ranging in age from 18 to 60 years old was recruited from online social media platforms and survey recruitment sites. The sample completed an online battery of scales that consisted of the New York Misophonia Scale, State Metal Contamination Scale, and the Three-Domain Disgust Scale. The hypotheses were evaluated using a series of mediations. performed using the PROCESS add-on in SPSS.Correlations were found between emotional and aggressive-avoidant reactions in misophonia, mental contamination, pathogen disgust, and sexual disgust. Moral disgust and non-aggressive reactions in misophonia failed to correlate significantly with any of the other constructs. Sexual disgust had direct and indirect effects while pathogen disgust had only direct effects on aspects of misophonia.These findings partially support our hypothesis that mental contamination mediates the link between disgust propensity and misophonia while also confirming that pathogen-based disgust is not associated with mental contamination.Findings imply that misophonia is distinct from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Further research into the conceptualization of moral disgust is warranted.
Model of Selection of Characteristic Parameters of a Voice Signal for Announcer Identification Tasks

A method for isolating the parameters of the voice signal characteristic of the speaker by selecting the features of the extremums of the surface of the scalogram of the voice signal, built on the basis of wavelet coefficients. The structural model of the speech signal is described, the sequence of mathematical transformations of the information channel of speech communication is considered and generalized, on the basis of which the approach to selection of features of language structures is offered. An algorithm for selecting the characteristics of speech signal structures has been developed. The selection uses a complex Morlet wavelet, which most effectively describes the structure of the speech signal at the first level of decomposition. By synthesizing the speech signal with the specified characteristics, the rational parameters of the wavelet transform settings for the implementation of the method are selected.
“Can I write this is ableist AF in a peer review?”: A corpus-driven analysis of Twitter engagement strategies across disciplinary groups

At a time when scholars are increasingly expected to participate in public knowledge dissemination, social media platforms like Twitter hold great promise for engaging both experts and non-experts. However, it remains unclear in what ways academic tweets are shaped by disciplinary concerns and how this might, in turn, impact audience engagement. Our paper reports an early-stage corpus-driven analysis of 4,000 English tweets from 40 scholars’ Twitter accounts across four disciplinary groups: Arts and Humanities (AH), Social Sciences (SS), Life Sciences (LS), and Physical Sciences (PS). Engagement rates (Tardy, 2023), multimodal elements, tweet types, and interaction markers were quantitatively calculated using corpus and computational methods and qualitatively analysed through close reading. Our findings revealed some disciplinary variation in the corpus: specifically, LS used more multimodal elements than SS on Twitter; SS used fewer interactional markers than LS and PS on Twitter. We further found that LS also has the highest number of threads and the longest threads, often to unfold their multimodal information. Despite being the least multimodal and interactive disciplinary group, SS has the highest engagement rate. Our analysis suggests that explicit evaluation and critique plays an important role in eliciting responses on Twitter, particularly with regard to current social or political issues —a finding that resonates with previous research on science communication and popularization (Orpin, 2019). The findings can be applied in science communication training to raise disciplinary awareness in shaping one’s social media presence.
Breakdown of the single-collision condition for soft x-ray high harmonic generation in noble gases

High harmonic generation (HHG) in atomic gases is generally assumed to originate from photoelectrons that are not perturbed by neighboring particles. In this paper, we study theoretically and experimentally the regime where this approximation breaks down. At high laser intensities, we experimentally ﬁnd that producing soft x-rays beyond this single-collision condition leads to a strong reduction of the coherent HHG response and appearance of incoherent radiation. We generalize our results to phase-matched HHG with mid-infrared drivers, and determine that a minimum pulse energy isneededtosimultaneouslyphasematchtheHHGprocessandkeepphotoelectronsunperturbedbysurrounding particles. Therefore, while previous research showed that HHG efﬁciency is independent of the driving pulse energy if other experimental parameters are scaled accordingly, we ﬁnd that this rule no longer applies for high photon energies. Our study thus provides important guidelines for the laser parameters needed for the generation of high ﬂux soft x-ray highharmonics.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Ungulate Browsing on Willow (Salix spp.) Communities Within the Northern Range of Yellowstone

Variation in ungulate browsing intensity on willow (Salix spp.) communities across Yellowstone’s northern range has been attributed to various biophysical factors including climate, topography, and predators. These studies were conducted without a long-term browsing dataset; they lacked a spatially extensive sampling design, and did not include dynamic snow characteristics known to affect ungulate mobility, habitat selection, and foraging strategies. We therefore focused on snow, an extreme landscape level disturbance that places nutritional stress on ungulates during the winter when most browsing on shrubs occurs. We applied a non-destructive sampling method by consecutively recording whether stem leaders were browsed between terminal growth scars in order to reconstruct annual winter browsing intensity from 1995 through 2014 with measurements made on an average of 66 plots that spanned Yellowstone’s northern range. Our best-fit generalized linear mixed model selected according to lowest Akaike information criterion identified March snow depth as negatively associated with browsing and as the singularly most influential variable related to browsing intensity. Our model also included a negative association between browsing and March snow density, a negative association between browsing and terrain slope, and a positive association between browsing and the magnitude of precipitation during the past growing season. Past studies have argued for the primacy of top-down influences like Page | 16 predation and fear-induced behavioral change, our work suggests that bottom-up forces including the spatial and temporal distribution of snow and its characteristics are also strong determinants of browsing intensity on willow communities across Yellowstone’s northern range.
The Effect of a Humanoid Robot’s Emotional Behaviors on Users’ Emotional Responses: Evidence from Pupillometry and Electroencephalography Measures

ABSTRACT The design of humanoid robots’ emotional behaviors has attracted many scholars’ attention. However, users’ emotional responses to humanoid robots’ emotional behaviors which differ from robots’ traditional behaviors remain well understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of a humanoid robot’s emotional behaviors on users’ emotional responses using subjective reporting, pupillometry, and electroencephalography. Five categories of the humanoid robot’s emotional behaviors expressing joy, fear, neutral, sadness, or anger were designed, selected, and presented to users. Results show that users have a significant positive emotional response to the humanoid robot’s joy behavior and a significant negative emotional response to the humanoid robot’s sadness behavior, indicated by the metrics of reported valence and arousal, pupil diameter, frontal middle relative theta power, and frontal alpha asymmetry score. The results suggest that humanoid robot’s emotional behaviors can evocate users’ significant emotional response. The evocation might relate to the recognition of these emotional behaviors. In addition, the study provides a multimodal physiological method of evaluating users’ emotional responses to the humanoid robot’s emotional behaviors.
DigitalCommons@SHU DigitalCommons@SHU

- Prey choice is the non-random foraging and consumption of prey species by their predators, and is therefore the basis for studies of topics as diverse as quantifying food webs, predator–prey relationships, and optimal-foraging models. Malaclemys terrapin (Diamond-back Terrapin) is a diet generalist with a large geographic distribution: the US Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Massachusetts to Texas. Individual terrapins have relatively small home ranges and feed primarily on local mollusc species. In feeding trials with 1 prey species and 2 prey species, wild-caught terrapins from New York readily consumed Mya arenaria (Soft-shelled Clam) and Geukensia demissa (Atlantic Ribbed Mussel), preferring them over a wide range of other prey species commonly eaten by terrapins at other sites. Our correlation test indicated that Ulva latuca (Sea Lettuce), common in the diets of this population, is ingested incidentally when terrapins forage for Soft-shelled Clams. The impact of consumption of algae by this primarily molluscivorous turtle is unexplored, but could have important impacts on their energy balance and contaminant intake.
ScholarWorks@BGSU ScholarWorks@BGSU

This study examines several aspects of the association between engaging in extramarital sex and the disruption of one’s marriage. Panel data on 1621 respondents followed from 1980 – 2000 in the Marital Instability Over the Life Course survey were utilized to answer these questions. Interval-censored Cox regression analysis revealed several noteworthy findings. As previously found in earlier analyses with these data, reports of problems due to extramarital involvement were strongly related to marital disruption, even holding constant the quality of the marriage. Although men were about three times more likely to be the cheating spouse, there was no difference in the effect of an affair on the marriage according to gender of the cheater. Approximately 40% of the effect of extramarital sex on disruption was accounted for by the mediating factors of marital quality, tolerance of divorce, and wife’s employment. Two moderators of infidelity’s positive effect on disruption were found: the effect was substantially stronger for very religious couples, but weaker when the wife was in the labor force.