Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regularized parameter estimation through iterative rescaling (PETIR): an alternative to Levenberg-Marquardt's algorithm

The Gauss Newton method of least squares minimization for non-linear parameter estimation is revisited for parameters with different physical units. A normalization of each parameter with respect to its nominal value, that is at iteration number k-1, is implemented, which leads to a linear tangent model. This model uses the sensitivity matrix composed of the scaled sensitivity coefficients. It is decomposed under a singular values form and the covariance matrix of iterate number k is calculated. When the scaled standard deviation of one parameter estimates takes a too large value, inversion of the tangent model becomes ill-posed. Regularization is made by giving the smallest singular values infinite levels, which allows keeping the total number of parameters to be estimated unchanged : this regularization leads to a better conditioned problem in the following iterations until convergence of the residuals is reached. The corrresponding algorithm is tested in the case of two very ill posed-examples. This type of estimation performs very well when compared to the Lebenverg Marquardt algorithm.
Corporate Investment under Uncertainty and Competition: A Real Options Approach.

Corporate investment opportunities can be represented as a set of (real) options to acquire productive assets. Identification of the optimal exercise strategies for these options plays a crucial role in improving the quality of capital budgeting decisions and, as a consequence, in maximizing shareholders? wealth. Structural changes in the economic environment, imperfect product market competition and agency conflicts across different groups of the firm? s stakeholders make the standard option theory alone often insufficient for analyzing real investment decisions. This thesis combines option theory with non-cooperative game theory to establish some new results concerning the impact of policy uncertainty, product market interactions, and debt financing on the firm? s optimal investment strategy.
Searches for Exotic Radio Sources and Intelligent Life on Other Worlds

Author(s): Siemion, Andrew Patrick Vincent | Advisor(s): Bower, Geoffrey C. ; Werthimer, Daniel J. | Abstract: Here I describe several experiments that explore some of the rarest and most intriguing phenomena in the sky: short duration radio transients and possible electromagnetic emission from advanced extraterrestrial technology. Motivated by new discoveries and new technologies, we have performed, and are performing, some of the most thorough searches for these sources ever attempted. Our experiments include a "fly's eye" search for bright radio pulses at the Allen Telescope Array, commensal searches for extraterrestrial intelligence at the Arecibo Observatory, a targeted search of extrasolar planets for narrow-band radio emission using the Green Bank Telescope and an ongoing effort to discover pulsars in orbit around SgrA*. Although our experiments explore very different physics, they share common tools and techniques, notably a need for high performance digital signal processing. The experiments described here are prime examples of the synergy that exists between science and technology. Aided by dramatic advances in computing technology and the use of commodity components, we have enabled the processing of heretofore unheard of quantities of observational data. By taking advantage of a reusable design paradigm in which instruments do not have to be built from scratch, we have been able to develop new instruments quickly and efficiently. Our experiments are exploring wavelengths and signal types never before searched with high sensitivity, presenting the exciting chance for serendipitous discovery of unexpected phenomena. With an optimistic spirit, we venture into unexplored territory and expect the unexpected.This thesis is structured as follows: Chapter 1 presents an introduction to the scientific motivations for our experiments and the tools with which we conduct them, Chapter 2 describes our Fly's Eye Search for short duration radio transients at the Allen Telescope Array, Chapter 3 discusses our ongoing SETI experiments at radio and optical wavelengths and our plans for the future, Chapter 4 describes a 1.1-1.9 GHz search for narrow-band emission from planet candidates identified by the Kepler mission and Chapter 5 details our ongoing search for pulsars near Sgr A*.
ESD structural issue – UPstream device

BACKGROUND: In order to design an Energy Saving Device (ESD), shipyards need to know the forces applied on the structure. OBJECTIVES: The objective is to develop a methodology able to evaluate the forces applied on an ESD in navigation conditions. METHODS: From existing hydrodynamic potential codes, such as HydroStar, and tools developed by Bureau Veritas, the forces applied on an ESD have been evaluated and the methodology has been tested on a Pre-Swirl Stator structure. RESULTS: The design process for an ESD has been described and tested including static analysis, dynamic analysis and fatigue analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The forces applied on an ESD can be estimated following a design process and a methodology developed in GRIP.
Metric regularity and convergence of iterative schemes

This model has been used to describe in a unified way various problems such as equations, inequalities, variational inequalities, and in particular, optimality conditions. In the first part, we present a result concerning the stability of metric regularity under set-valued perturbations as well as an infinite-dimensional generalization of the Izmailov’s theorem [6] which is an extension both of the Clarke’s theorem [4] and finite-dimensional version of the Robinson’s theorem [8]. In the latter part, we study the convergence properties of the following iterative process for solving (1): Choose a sequence of set-valued mappings Ak : X × X ⇒ Y approximating the function f and a starting point x0 ∈ X, and generate a sequence (xk) in X iteratively by taking xk+1 to be a solution to the auxiliary generalized equation
TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS FOR ALEXANDER POLYNOMIALS OF TORUS KNOTS

Given a pair p, q of relative prime positive integers, we have uniquely determined positive integers x, y, u and v such that vx−uy = 1, p = x + y and q = u + v. Using this property, we show that ∑ 1≤i≤x,1≤j≤v t(i−1)q+(j−1)p − ∑ 1≤k≤y,1≤l≤u t1+(k−1)q+(l−1)p is the Alexander polynomial ∆p,q(t) of a torus knot t(p, q). Hence the number Np,q of non-zero terms of ∆p,q(t) is equal to vx + uy = 2vx− 1. Owing to well known results in knot Floer homology theory, our expanding formula of the Alexander polynomial of a torus knot provides a method of algorithmically determining the total rank of its knot Floer homology or equivalently the complexity of its (1,1)-diagram. In particular we prove (see Corollary 2.8); Let q be a positive integer> 1 and let k be a positive integer. Then we have (1) Nkq+1,q = 2k(q − 1) + 1 (2) Nkq+q−1,q = 2(k + 1)(q − 1) − 1 (3) Nkq+2,q = 1 2 k(q2 − 1) + q (4) Nkq+q−2,q = 1 2 (k + 1)(q2 − 1) − q where we further assume q is odd in formula (3) and (4). Consequently we confirm that the complexities of (1,1)-diagrams of torus knots of type t(kq + 2, q) and t(kq + q − 2, q) in [5] agree with Nkq+2,q and Nkq+q−2,q respectively.
Identification of Phytochemicals in Myrtus communis L. Extract by GC–Mass and their Effectiveness in the Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles

Plants remain the most important source in many industrial, medical, and agricultural applications, due to their production of many chemical compounds as represent secondary metabolites of plants, similar to those found in pharmaceutical compounds and chemical pesticides. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical separation of the leaves of the Myrtus communis L. extract plant by using the GC–Mass technique, and the role of these compounds as biological reducing agents in the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The analysis of GC–Mass showed the presence of many 11 chemical compounds, such as Eucalyptol, Vitamin E, Neophytadiene, and N-Methyl-1-adamantaneacetamide. The results also indicated the effectiveness of the identified compounds in the process of biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, where the properties of the nanoparticles were described using UV-visible spectrophotometric and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Where The peak of UV-Vis spectrophotometer was recorded at 366 nm, while the size and shape of ZnO NPs where average size was 30nm with roughly circular or spherical in shape. The research conclusion confirmed that the leaves of the M. communis L. extract plant contained many chemical compounds which have a role in the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs.
Fuzzy Inference System in Assessing the Improved Wastewater Quality for Irrigation through Sedimentation, Dilution, and Biochar Filtration in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq

The study aims to improve the quality of wastewater in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq, which has been facing drought problems, by using sedimentation, dilution (1:1), and biochar filtration. It provides an alternative source of water for agriculture, addressing the water shortage problem in the region. The irrigation water quality is evaluated based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) using a fuzzy inference system, a mathematical tool that converts complex statements into mathematical terms and simplifies them into outputs. The centroid defuzzification technique is applied to convert the fuzzy results into crisp numbers. The output of the FIS score is used to determine the suitability of water for irrigation. The study utilized six different samples: groundwater (GW), wastewater (WW), sedimented wastewater (SW), filtered sedimented wastewater (FSW), diluted sedimented wastewater (DSW), and filtered diluted sedimented wastewater (FDSW). The samples were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity (TUR), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate (TP), cations (Ca, Na), anions (Cl and SO4), and heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu). The study found that the WQI FIS-I values for wastewater increased with each treatment step, with the final step of passing the DSW through a biochar filter resulting in an FIS WQI-I value of 61.59, indicating good water quality. The deterministic method also showed improved levels for TP, TN, TSS, and turbidity. Mean TN and TP values decreased to 8.9 mg L-1 and 3.62 mg L-1, respectively, in the FDSW, with turbidity and TSS also decreasing to 0.37 NTU and 21 mg L-1. The resulting FDSW was of the best quality among the treated waters, making it suitable for drip irrigation.
Enhanced Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks due to Precession-induced Resonances

Recent studies have shown that active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks can host sources of gravitational waves. Compact binaries can form and merge in AGN disks through their interactions with the gas and other compact objects in the disk. It is also possible for the binaries to shorten the merging timescale due to eccentricity excitation caused by perturbations from the supermassive black hole (SMBH). In this paper, we focus on effects due to precession-induced (eviction-like) resonances, where the nodal and apsidal precession rates of the binary are commensurable with the mean motion of the binary around the SMBH. We focus on intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH)–stellar-mass black hole binaries and consider binary orbit inclined from the circum-IMBH disk, which leads to the orbital J 2 precession. We show that if a binary is captured in these resonances and is migrating toward the companion, it can undergo large eccentricity and inclination variations. We derive analytical expressions for the location of fixed points, libration timescale, and width for these resonances and identify two resonances in the near-coplanar regime (the evection and eviction resonances) as well as two resonances in the near-polar regime that can lead to mergers. We also derive analytical expressions for the maximum eccentricity that a migrating binary can achieve for given initial conditions. Specifically, the maximum eccentricity can reach 0.9 when captured in these resonances before orbital decay due to gravitational-wave emission dominates, and the capture is only possible for slow migration (∼10 Myr) two to three orders of magnitude longer than the resonance libration timescale. We also show that capture into multiple resonances is possible and can further excite eccentricities.
Can incentives improve survey data quality in developing countries?: results from a field experiment in India

We report results of an experiment designed to assess whether the payment of contingent incentives to respondents in Karnataka, India, impacts the quality of survey data. Of 2276 households sampled at the city block level, 934 were randomly assigned to receive a small one‐time payment at the time of the survey, whereas the remaining households did not receive this incentive. We analyse the effects of incentives across a range of questions that are common in survey research in less developed countries. Our study suggests that incentives reduced unit non‐response. Conditionally on participation, we also find little impact of incentives on a broad range of sociodemographic, behavioural and attitudinal questions. In contrast, we consistently find that households that received incentives reported substantially lower consumption and income levels and fewer assets. Given random assignment and very high response rates, the most plausible interpretation of this finding is that incentivizing respondents in this setting may increase their motivation to present themselves as more needy, whether to justify the current payment or to increase the chance of receiving resources in the future. Therefore, despite early indications that contingent incentives may raise response rates, the net effect on data quality must be carefully considered.
Micropropagation of Three Citrus Rootstocks by Tissue Culture

The experiments were conducted in the Laboratory of Tissue culture/Department of Forestry/College of Agriculture and Forestry/the University of Mosul. To propagate three citrus rootstocks (Citrus aurantium L., Citrumelo swingle, and Cariso 35 (C35))In vitro. During the Initiation stage, the single nodes were planted on a solid MS medium supplemented with five concentrations of BA (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-1). After four weeks, the best significant percentage of response for Cariso35 and Citrumelo swingle, while the highest value of BA effect was at 2 mg BA L-1(96.67%). The No. of shoots there are nonsignificant differences, While the best No. of the shoot (1.41) obtained at 2 mg BA L-1, The highest significant shoot length (2.14cm) was obtained at Cariso35 compared with other rootstocks, so that, 1mg BA L-1 was achieved (2.01 cm). At the multiplication stage, Citrumelo swingle achieved the highest significant value (2.68shoots), whereas adding 4 mg BA L-1 gave the best significant No. shoots (3.10). as soon as, the shoot length (1.03cm) was obtained for Cariso35, while control treatment achieved a significant increase in shoot length (1.30cm) which differ significantly from other treatments. The highest significant number of leaves was (11.50 leaves) for Citrumelo swingle, while BA at 2 mgL-1 was dominated value achieved at 11.00 leaves. In the rooting stages, the best rooting percentage was 60% for Cariso 35 cultured on MT solid medium, but a non-significant difference between all IBA concentrations. While the significant No. of roots was 3.28 obtained from Citrumelo swingle, and the concentration 1.5 and 2 mg IBA L-1 achieved the highest significant values (2.90 and 2.24 root) respectively. Citrumelo swingle and the 1.5 mg IBA L-1 gave the shortest significant duration to formed roots which were 21.56 and 18.60 days respectively.
The LSST Cadence Impact on Non-time-critical Eclipsing Binary Science

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is slated to commence in 2025 at the Vera Rubin Observatory. One of the crucial parts of preparing the survey is the choice of observing cadence in an effort to optimize auxiliary science goals while maintaining the core project requirements. Here we look at the impact of proposed cadences, encoded in different operation simulations (opsims), on non-time-critical eclipsing binary science. This is particularly pertinent because LSST is the first large-scale survey that will provide us with color information in addition to high-precision coverage of faint targets. We study the differences between the baseline opsim v2.1 and the latest opsim v3.0 runs. We find that all runs provide sufficient data coverage to enable in-depth studies in the field of eclipsing binaries, and that there are no adverse impacts from any proposed opsim modification studied here.
Study of some Functional Properties of Elastin Extracted from Bovine Leather

The study aimed to detect elastin protein extracted from leftover bovine leather that is not used in other industries, by conducting some tests to identify this protein and its functional properties and the possibility of using it in scientific applications, as the chemical composition tests showed that it contains a high percentage of protein and low percentages of moisture, fat and ash, and some functional properties were conducted to find out the ability of elastin to bind water and oil compared to other studies, studying the structural and chemical characterization of the properties of elastin extracted by FTIR and amide groups extended to elastin, as the results of electron microscopy (SEM) revealed, the shape of elastin fibers showed that they have a structure similar to myofibrillar muscle fibers, except that they are coarser, asymmetric, and have an asymmetric extension, while the TGA test showed that elastin extracted from bovine leather has 5 peaks and fracture peaks for weight loss in percentage as a function of temperature and that elastin gets a weight loss of up to and 44.02% at a temperature of 600 C, while it was shown DSC calorimeter analysis It can withstand a temperature of up to 290 °C.
Cytotoxicity of Astragalus hamosus Phenolic Compounds on Cancer Cell Lines AMJ13 and SK-GT-4

Astragalus hamosus L. is a globally used herb for treating various diseases. This work was conducted to find out the cytotoxicity effects of phenolic compounds isolated from Astragalus hamosus root (PAR) to introduce a substitute approach in treating breast cancer and oesophageal cancer. Herein, the determination of the antioxidant activity the PAR extract was performed using the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) employing ascorbic acid as positive antioxidant control. Moreover, its toxicity on liver and kidneys of albino mice was assessed. The acute cytotoxicity of PAR extract was studied in mice model in addition to two cell lines AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 representing breast and oesophageal cancers, respectively using an MTT assay. The finding of this study indicated that the PAR extract demonstrated improved antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the results revealed no death or behavioral changes among the treated animals. Interestingly, the liver and kidney tissues of treated animals displayed normal features. Markedly, the PAR extract exerted a noteworthy cytotoxic activity against both studied cell lines with IC50 of 1.807 and 6.581 μg/ml, respectively. The constituents of the PAR extract provide significant protection against the presence of anticancer activity. In conclusion, PAR extract may replace the traditional treatment policy of cancer once it fully studied in terms of other pharmacological investigations.
Effects of temperature and pressure on the nucleation and growth of silver clusters from supersaturated vapor: A molecular dynamics analysis

The nucleation and growth of silver nanoparticles in the supersaturated system are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation at different temperatures and pressures. The variety of the atoms in the biggest cluster and the size of average clusters in the system versus the time are estimated to reveal the relationship between the nucleation as well as cluster growth. The nucleation rates in different situations are calculated with the threshold method. The effect of temperature and pressure on the nucleation rate is identified as obeying a linear function. Finally, the development of basal elements, such as monomers, dimers and trimmers, is revealed how the temperature and pressure affect the nucleation and growth of the silver cluster.
Some Coding Theorems on Generalized Reyni’s Entropy of Order a and Type b

: In this paper we deﬁne a new average code-word length L ab ( P ) of order a and type b and its relationship with generalized Reyni´s entropy H a b ( P ) has been discussed. Using L a b ( P ) , some coding theorems for discrete noiseless channel has been proved. The measures deﬁned in this communication are not only new but some known measures are the particular cases of our proposed measures. The noiseless coding theorems for discrete channel proved in this paper are veriﬁed by considering Huffman and Shannon-Fano coding schemes on taking empirical data.Also we study the monotonic behavior of H ab ( P ) with respect to parameters a and b . The important properties of H ab ( P ) have also been studied.
Exponential convergence rate of distributed optimisation for multi‐agent systems with constraints set over a directed graph

In this study, the authors propose a novel distributed continuous-time algorithm based on projection and gradient to solve the optimisation problem of a multi-agent system under any initialisation manner over a directed graph. The considered cost function is a summation of all local cost functions with local constraints set. The point of the proposed protocol is that a new scheme is proposed to offset the non-zero local gradients of local cost functions at the minimiser. The optimal solution of the proposed algorithm is shown using the variational inequality under some conditions. Moreover, exponential convergence rate of the designed algorithm is verified with the help of the identity transformation and Lypaunov stability theory. Finally, a numerical example and a comparison are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results obtained.
Color image representation model and its application based on an improved FRQI

To address quantum description for color images, an improved FRQI model called FRQCI is proposed in this paper. In our model, the qubit has two-phase parameters θ and ϕ, and the primary color R is stored in θ, the primary colors G and B are stored in ϕ. We provide several simple image processing operators, including color change and geometric transformation. Next, we focus on an encryption algorithm, which includes two parts: position scrambling and color transformation. All operations involved in this paper are implemented by the rotation of the qubit on the Bloch sphere. The simulation results on classical computer show the effectiveness of the proposed method.