Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Language of Stacks and Gerbes

This is the text of a series of four one hour lectures given as part of the “Third Lisbon Summer Lectures in Geometry”, which took place in the summer of 2002 at the Instituto Tecnico Superior in Lisbon. The lectures were aimed at an audience consisting of students with some background in topology (but not necessarily in algebraic geometry). The purpose of the lectures was to give a quick introduction to gerbes, with an emphasis on non-abelian ˇCech cohomology.
Gait analysis and estimation of the mechanism of the internal compensation in case of the patellofemoral pain syndrome

Badaniom poddano 30 osób obojga p3ci ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi stawów rzepkowo-udowych. Przeprowadzono analizê funkcjonaln1 stawów i badanie chodu za pomoc1 systemu CDG (Computer Dyno Graphy) w dwóch wersjach: histogram i gaitline. Podobne badania przeprowadzono w grupie kontrolnej zdrowych osób. Oceniano reakcjê pod3o¿a podczas chodu po równym pod3o¿u, po schodach, z obuwiem na p3askich obcasach i z obcasami o wysokoœci 4 cm. Podwy¿szenie obcasów pobudza3o miêsieñ czworog3owy uda, powoduj1c ból stawu rzepkowo-udowego. Wy31czenie tego miêœnia, a tym samym zmniejszenie konfliktu rzepkowo-udowego nastêpowa3o po zwiêkszeniu aktywnoœci tylnej grupy miêœni: poœladkowego wielkiego, kulszowo-goleniowych (pó3b3oniasty, pó3œciêgnisty i dwug3owy uda) oraz trójg3owego 3ydki, jako wyraz kompensacji wewnêtrznej. S u m m a r y
Niedostatki w zasobach środowiska rodzinnego a zaburzenia rozwojowe i problemy adaptacyjne dzieci

The article presents the relationship between the condition of the family and developmental disabilities and adaptation problems of children raised in it. Finally, it presents the character styles determined by the resources of the family (personality traits, attitudes and parental competences), which can be useful not only in psycho-educational treatment of developmental disorders and in the diagnosis and understanding of the etiology of risky behavior of children and adolescents, but also in designing social rehabilitation interactions. Based on them, one can in fact undertake holistic socializing actions – consistent and adequate to the needs of children, parents and other family members.
Government Initiatives: The Missing Key for E-commerce Growth in KSA

This paper explores the issues that influence online retailing in Saudi Arabia. Retailers in Saudi Arabia have been reserved in their adoption of electronically delivered aspects of their business. Despite the fact that Saudi Arabia has the largest and fastest growth of ICT marketplaces in the Arab region, e-commerce activities are not progressing at the same speed. Only very few Saudi companies, mostly medium and large companies from the manufacturing sector, are involved in e-commerce implementation. Based on qualitative data collected by conducting interviews with 16 retailers and 16 potential customers in Saudi Arabia, several factors influencing online retailing diffusion in Saudi Arabia are identified. However, government support comes the highest and most influencing factor for online retailing growth as identified by both parties; retailers and potential customers in Saudi Arabia.
DETECTION OF BRAIN TUMOUR USING CLASSIFICATION ALOGRITHM

Medical Imaging is a need for physians. Physians are relaying on the reports that are generated by radiologist. Lots of time and efforts are needed to be given by radiologist to prepare a report. Radiologist must read and observe the MRI image to detect and locate the lesion in MRI brain images.The research is helpful to reduce the effort of radiologist to detect the abnormalities in the MRI Image and classify them. It also help to increase the accuracy in detection of abnormalities. The main objective is to find the lesion present in MRI Image and to classify them. The brain tumor diagnostic procedure consists of three phases. The first phases involve image pre-processing. The feature extraction is the second phase and the classification using the knearest neighbor algorithm is the last phase.
Designing scalable multi-population parallel genetic algorithms

This paper extends previous analyses of parallel GAs with multiple populations (demes) to consider cases where the demes are connected in regular topologies with a xed number of neighbors. The calculations in this paper make explicit the relations between the deme size, the migration rate, and the degree of the connectivity graph with the probability that the desired solution will be found. An accurate deme sizing equation is derived, and it is used to optimize the execution time of the parallel GAs.
Protocadherin 17 functions as a tumor suppressor suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and cell metastasis and is frequently methylated in breast cancer

Protocadherins play important roles in the regulation of cell adhesion and signaling transduction. Aberrant expression of protocadherins has been shown to be associated with multiple tumorigenesis. We previously identified PCDH17, encoding protocadherin 17, as a frequently methylated and downregulated tumor suppressor gene (TSG) in gastric and colorectal cancers. Here, we examined the abnormalities and functions of PCDH17 in breast cancer pathogenesis. We used PCR and immunohistochemistry to check its expression pattern in breast tumor cell lines and primary tumors. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was applied to examine its promoter methylation status in breast tumor cell lines and primary tumors. The biological functions of PCDH17 in breast tumor cells were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays. We found that PCDH17 was frequently downregulated or silenced in 78% (7/9) of breast tumor cell lines, as well as 89% (32/36) of primary tumors. Downregulation of PCDH17 in breast cancer was mainly due to the methylation of its promoter. Ectopic expression of PCDH17 in breast tumor cells inhibited cell proliferation and mobility through arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. In breast tumor cells, PCDH17 significantly suppressed the active β-catenin level and its downstream target gene expression. Thus, we found that PCDH17 functions as a tumor suppressor inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and metastasis in breast cancer but is frequently methylated in primary tumors which could be a potential biomarker.
Differences in Adaptation Rates after Virtual Surgeries Provide Direct Evidence for Modularity

Whether the nervous system relies on modularity to simplify acquisition and control of complex motor skills remains controversial. To date, evidence for modularity has been indirect, based on statistical regularities in the motor commands captured by muscle synergies. Here we provide direct evidence by testing the prediction that in a truly modular controller it must be harder to adapt to perturbations that are incompatible with the modules. We investigated a reaching task in which human subjects used myoelectric control to move a mass in a virtual environment. In this environment we could perturb the normal muscle-to-force mapping, as in a complex surgical rearrangement of the tendons, by altering the mapping between recorded muscle activity and simulated force applied on the mass. After identifying muscle synergies, we performed two types of virtual surgeries. After compatible virtual surgeries, a full range of movements could still be achieved recombining the synergies, whereas after incompatible virtual surgeries, new or modified synergies would be required. Adaptation rates after the two types of surgery were compared. If synergies were only a parsimonious description of the regularities in the muscle patterns generated by a nonmodular controller, we would expect adaptation rates to be similar, as both types of surgeries could be compensated with similar changes in the muscle patterns. In contrast, as predicted by modularity, we found strikingly faster adaptation after compatible surgeries than after incompatible ones. These results indicate that muscle synergies are key elements of a modular architecture underlying motor control and adaptation.
Chinese enterprise knowledge graph construction based on Linked Data

Enterprise knowledge graph is crucial for both enterprises and their management agencies. However, enterprise knowledge graph construction faces several challenges such as heterogeneous taxonomies, knowledge inconsistencies or conflicts and lack of semantic links. In this paper, we use Linked Data paradigm to construct enterprise knowledge graph by integrating heterogeneous enterprise data itself as well as link enterprise data with external data. Preliminary experiment on real world dataset shows the proposed approach is effective.
Monetary transmission mechanism in Estonia - some theorethical considerations and stylized aspects

The monetary system in Estonia is based on the currency board arrangement. The strong commitments and rule-based features of currency board imply that there is no active monetary policy in Estonia - all necessarily monetary adjustments are left to the market forces. Under fixed exchange rate and free capital mobility Estonian monetary conditions are therefore closely linked with monetary policy in Europe - in addition to the changes in Estonian risk-premium, interest rate developments in Europe can directly influence Estonian interest rates. Those monetary signals transmit widely into Estonian financial sector and ultimately into Estonian real sector through various channels. Some theoretical and intuitive aspects that can affect this process in Estonia have gained special attention in this paper.
On the function of object cells in the claustrum—key components in information processing in the visual system?

A recent paper by Jankowski and O'Mara (2015) throws new light on the function of the claustrum. These authors took recordings from 874 claustral neurons in unanesthetized behaving rats that showed responses probably anchored to visual stimuli. These fell into three categories—“place” neurons (38) that responded to the location of the rat, “boundary” neurons (23) that responded to boundaries closing the rat's environment, and “object” neurons (48) that fired only in response to the existence of a specific object in the environment. All three types of response showed with good within-session stability. Of particular interest in the present context are the object cells. These code the position in space of an object in the environment and not its particular properties (e.g., shape, texture, color). They also follow an object when it moves in the environment. Some object neurons can follow multiple objects (up to 3). Object neurons are also found in the subiculum, and in the anterior entorhinal, perirhinal, and anterior cingulate cortices with which areas the claustrum has extensive connections.
International Union of Pharmacology. XLIX. Nomenclature and Structure-Function Relationships of Transient Receptor Potential Channels

include a 25-amino acid (aa) motif in some subfamilies (the TRP domain) containing a TRP box (EWKFAR) just C-terminal to S6. The TRP domain and box, as well as slight variations of these motifs, are present in all TRPC and TRPM channel genes, but not in other TRP channels. The N-terminal cytoplasmic domains of TRPC, TRPV, and TRPA channels contain ankyrin repeats, whereas those of the TRPC and TRPM channels contain proline-rich sequences in the region just C-terminal portion of the TRP domain, referred to as TRP box 2 (Montell, 2005). At present, no features, other than overall 6TM architecture/homology and cationic permeability, define the TRP family. Thus the definition of TRP channels will evolve as functions and structures are clarified. Genes for the TRP ion channel subunits were first defined in the Drosophila visual system. In the trp mutant, the light response (receptor potential) decays dur
Assistance for the design of a diagnosable component-based system

Diagnosability of component-based systems is a property that characterises the ability to diagnose fault events given a flow of observations. In this paper, we use model-based reasoning techniques and we propose a theoretical framework to analyse diagnosability in a decentralised way. We then introduce an algorithm that performs diagnosability analyses and provides useful information for the design of a diagnosable component-based system
Differences among skeletal muscle mass indices derived from height-, weight-, and body mass index-adjusted models in assessing sarcopenia

Aging processes are inevitably accompanied by structural and functional changes in vital organs. Skeletal muscle, which accounts for 40% of total body weight, deteriorates quantitatively and qualitatively with aging. Skeletal muscle is known to play diverse crucial physical and metabolic roles in humans. Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by significant loss of muscle mass and strength. It is related to subsequent frailty and instability in the elderly population. Because muscle tissue is involved in multiple functions, sarcopenia is closely related to various adverse health outcomes. Along with increasing recognition of the clinical importance of sarcopenia, several international study groups have recently released their consensus on the definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia. In practical terms, various skeletal muscle mass indices have been suggested for assessing sarcopenia: appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted for height squared, weight, or body mass index. A different prevalence and different clinical implications of sarcopenia are highlighted by each definition. The discordances among these indices have emerged as an issue in defining sarcopenia, and a unifying definition for sarcopenia has not yet been attained. This review aims to compare these three operational definitions and to introduce an optimal skeletal muscle mass index that reflects the clinical implications of sarcopenia from a metabolic perspective.
C-Reactive Protein Promotes Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1–Mediated Chemotaxis Through Upregulating CC Chemokine Receptor 2 Expression in Human Monocytes

Background—Inflammation plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. An elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level is a strong marker for future atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In addition, recent data suggest that CRP may directly promote atherogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether CRP can directly activate human circulating monocytes. Methods and Results—Incubation of THP-1 monocytes with CRP (10 μg/mL) increased CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) expression at both the protein and transcript levels, which in turn enhanced chemotaxis mediated by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) up to 2-fold. The CRP-induced upregulation of CCR2 expression involved binding of CRP to the FcγR, most notably FcγRI, and phospholipase D1 activation. Serum high-sensitivity CRP levels in 52 normocholesterolemic human subjects were positively correlated with CCR2 surface expression on circulating monocytes (r = 0.62, P <0.001) and MCP-1–mediated monocyte chemotaxis (r = 0.53, P <0.001). Conclusions—Elevated blood CRP levels may promote accumulation of monocytes in the atherogenic arterial wall by increasing chemotactic activities of monocytes in response to MCP-1.
The Effects of Weather and Climate Change on Dengue

Background There is much uncertainty about the future impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases. Such uncertainty reflects the difficulties in modelling the complex interactions between disease, climatic and socioeconomic determinants. We used a comprehensive panel dataset from Mexico covering 23 years of province-specific dengue reports across nine climatic regions to estimate the impact of weather on dengue, accounting for the effects of non-climatic factors. Methods and Findings Using a Generalized Additive Model, we estimated statistically significant effects of weather and access to piped water on dengue. The effects of weather were highly nonlinear. Minimum temperature (Tmin) had almost no effect on dengue incidence below 5°C, but Tmin values above 18°C showed a rapidly increasing effect. Maximum temperature above 20°C also showed an increasing effect on dengue incidence with a peak around 32°C, after which the effect declined. There is also an increasing effect of precipitation as it rose to about 550 mm, beyond which such effect declines. Rising access to piped water was related to increasing dengue incidence. We used our model estimations to project the potential impact of climate change on dengue incidence under three emission scenarios by 2030, 2050, and 2080. An increase of up to 40% in dengue incidence by 2080 was estimated under climate change while holding the other driving factors constant. Conclusions Our results indicate that weather significantly influences dengue incidence in Mexico and that such relationships are highly nonlinear. These findings highlight the importance of using flexible model specifications when analysing weather–health interactions. Climate change may contribute to an increase in dengue incidence. Rising access to piped water may aggravate dengue incidence if it leads to increased domestic water storage. Climate change may therefore influence the success or failure of future efforts against dengue.
The Redistributive Benefits of Progressive Labor Income Taxation : How Large Should Top Marginal Tax Rates Be ?

In this paper we argue that very high marginal labor income tax rates are an effective tool for social insurance even when households have preferences with high labor supply elasticity, make dynamic savings decisions, and policies have general equilibrium effects. To make this point we construct a large scale Overlapping Generations Model with uninsurable labor productivity risk, show that it has a wealth distribution that matches the data well, and then use it to characterize fiscal policies that achieve a desired degree of redistribution in society. We find that marginal tax rates on the top 1% of the earnings distribution of close to 90% are optimal. We document that this result is robust to plausible variation in the labor supply elasticity and holds regardless of whether social welfare is measured at the steady state only or includes transitional generations. JEL Classifications: E62, H21, H24
EFFECTS OF CONCEPT MAPPING AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING BIOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ABUJA, NIGERIA

The study was aimed at determining the Effect of Using Concept Mapping and Experimental Techniques in Teaching Biology in Senior Secondary Schools in Federal Capital Territory Abuja. The objective of the study was to compare the mean performance scores of students taught Biology using concept maps, experiments and lecture method, determine their retention level and find out their attitude towards the methods. The design of the study was quasi experimental pre-test posttest control group design. The population consisted of 6,208 SS2 Biology students of the Federal Capital Territory, from which 192 were selected from three schools within Karshi zone of Abuja Municipal Area Council. The major instruments used for data collection were Biology Achievement Test pre-test and post-test (BAT), Biology Achievement Retention Test (BART) used after 2 weeks of instruction and Concept Mapping Attitude Scale Towards Biology Questionnaire (CMASTBQ) and Experiment Attitude Scale Towards Biology Questionnaire (EASTBQ). The treatment package included Concept Mapping Instructional Package (CMIP), Lesson Plan for Experiments and Lesson Plan for Control Group. The items used for the pre-test, post-test and retention test were adopted from Educational Resource Centre (ERC) Abuja. The research questions analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses were analyzed using Two sample t-test, Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA) and Pairwise comparison at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings of the study showed that the use of experiments in teaching significantly improved the performance of students in Biology more than the use of concept mapping and lecture method. The use of concept mapping though enhances performance of students is not significantly better than the lecture method. The use of experiments makes for better retention levels than the use of concept mapping and lecture method. Students have a more positive attitude toward the use of concept mapping for teaching Biology than experiments. Based on the findings of the study, the use of experiments in the teaching of Biology are indispensable if the teaching and learning of the subject is to be effective and meaningful. Article visualizations:
Simple Evaluation Metrics for Diversified Search Results

Traditional information retrieval research has mostly focussed on satisfying clearly specified information needs. However, in reality, queries are often ambiguous and/or underspecified. In light of this, evaluating search result diversity is beginning to receive attention. We propose simple evaluation metrics for diversified Web search results. Our presumptions are that one or more interpretations (or intents) are possible for each given query, and that graded relevance assessments are available for intent-document pairs (as opposed to query-document pairs). Our goals are (a) to retrieve documents that cover as many intents as possible; and (b) to rank documents that are highly relevant to more popular intents higher than those that are marginally relevant to less popular intents. Unlike the Intent-Aware (IA) metrics proposed by Agrawal et al., our metrics successfully avoid ignoring minor intents. Unlike α-nDCG proposed by Clarke et al., our metrics can accomodate (i) which intents are more likely than others for a given query; and (ii) graded relevance within each intent. Furthermore, unlike these existing metrics, our metrics do not require approximation, and they range between 0 and 1. Experiments with the binary-relevance Diversity Task data from the TREC 2009 Web Track suggest that our metrics corrrelate well with existing metrics but can be more intuitive. Hence, we argue that our metrics are suitable for diversity evaluation given either the intent likelihood information or per-intent graded relevance, or preferably both.
Barnevern på sosiale medier - offentlig deltakelse og utøvelse av medborgerskap

Målet med artikkelen er å vise hvordan sosiale medier brukes til offentlig deltakelse på et felt som barnevern og hvordan det kan ha betydning for utøvelse av medborgerskap, i form av deltakelse i offentlig debatt. Bruk av sosiale medier har medført en endret offentlighet med nye muligheter for deltakelse. Det finnes forskning om sosiale medier, samfunnsdeltakelse og medborgerskap generelt, men det har vært lite forskning på deltakelse i den digitale offentligheten avgrenset til barnevern. For å undersøke hvordan digitale muligheter brukes på barnevernsfeltet, har jeg analysert ytringer i sosiale medier i en avgrenset periode i mai 2014, samt i forbindelse med en utvalgt nyhets-case, en dokumentar om barnevern på NRK tre måneder tidligere. Undersøkelsen viser at borgere bruker sosiale medier til diskusjon om barnevern, henvendelse til politikere og som arena for å publisere sosialpolitiske innspill om barnevern på. Deltakelsen innebærer ikke nødvendigvis direkte politisk innflytelse, men både selve deltakelsen og mulighetene som oppstår for respons og forventning om å bli lyttet til, åpner for utøvelse av medborgerskap.