Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Status after Injury: A Longitudinal Study of Geriatric Trauma

We evaluated self-rated functional status measured longitudinally in the year after injury in a geriatric trauma population. The longitudinal (L) group included 37 of 60 eligible trauma patients aged 65 years or older admitted December 2006 to November 2007 for greater than 24 hours who completed a Short Functional Status questionnaire (SFS) at 3, 6, and 12 months after injury. The SFS yields scores of 0 to 5 (5 = independent in all five activities of daily living [ADLs]) and has been validated among community-dwelling elders. The control (C) group included 63 trauma patients aged 65 years or older admitted December 2007 to July 2009 for greater than 24 hours who reported their preinjury functional status using the SFS at hospital admission. We used characteristics and scores of the C group to impute preinjury ADL scores for the L group. The groups were similar in baseline characteristics (age, ethnicity, Injury Severity Score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and living arrangement; P > 0.05). For the C group, the preinjury ADL score was 4.6 (SD = 0.9). For the L group, ADL scores declined at all intervals reaching statistical significance at 12 months. We conclude that in the year after traumatic injury, geriatric patients lost the equivalent of approximately one ADL, increasing their risk of further functional decline, loss of independence, and death.
Kinetic analysis of translocation through nuclear pore complexes

The mechanism of facilitated translocation through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) is only poorly understood. Here, we present a kinetic analysis of the process using various model substrates. We find that the translocation capacity of NPCs is unexpectedly high, with a single NPC allowing a mass flow of nearly 100 MDa/s and rates in the order of 103 translocation events per second. Our data further indicate that high affinity interactions between the translocation substrate and NPC components are dispensable for translocation. We propose a 'selective phase model’ that could explain how NPCs function as a permeability barrier for inert molecules and yet become selectively permeable for nuclear transport receptors and receptor–cargo complexes.
SMAD2 Mutations Are Associated with Arterial Aneurysms and Dissections

We report three families with arterial aneurysms and dissections in which variants predicted to be pathogenic were identified in SMAD2. Moreover, one variant occurred de novo in a proband with unaffected parents. SMAD2 is a strong candidate gene for arterial aneurysms and dissections given its role in the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Furthermore, although SMAD2 and SMAD3 probably have functionally distinct roles in cell signaling, they are structurally very similar. Our findings indicate that SMAD2 mutations are associated with arterial aneurysms and dissections and are in accordance with the observation that patients with pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins involved in the TGF‐β signaling pathway exhibit arterial aneurysms and dissections as key features
Q A ] 1 5 Ju l 2 00 3 Higher-Dimensional Algebra V : 2-Groups

A 2-group is a ‘categorified’ version of a group, in which the underlying set G has been replaced by a category and the multiplication map m: G×G → G has been replaced by a functor. Various versions of this notion have already been explored; our goal here is to provide a detailed introduction to two, which we call ‘weak’ and ‘coherent’ 2-groups. A weak 2-group is a weak monoidal category in which every morphism has an inverse and every object x has a ‘weak inverse’: an object y such that x ⊗ y ∼= 1 ∼= y ⊗ x. A coherent 2-group is a weak 2-group in which every object x is equipped with a specified weak inverse x̄ and isomorphisms ix: 1 → x ⊗ x̄, ex: x̄ ⊗ x → 1 forming an adjunction. We define 2-categories of weak and coherent 2-groups, construct an ‘improvement’ 2-functor which turns weak 2-groups into coherent ones, and prove this 2-functor is a 2equivalence of 2-categories. We also internalize the concept of coherent 2-group, which gives a way to define topological 2-groups, Lie 2-groups, affine 2-group schemes, and the like. We conclude with a tour of examples. Diagrammatic methods are emphasized throughout — especially string diagrams.
Canonical Hilbert-Burch matrices for ideals of k[x,y]

An Artinian ideal $I$ of $k[x,y]$ has many Hilbert-Burch matrices. We show that there is a canonical choice. As an application, we determine the dimension of certain affine Gr\"obner cells and their Betti strata recovering results of Ellingsrud and Str{\o}mme, G\"ottsche and Iarrobino.
Biapenem versus meropenem in the treatment of bacterial infections: a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial

Background & objectives: Biapenem is a newly developed carbapenem to treat moderate and severe bacterial infections. This multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy, bacterial eradication rates and safety of biapenem and meropenem in the treatment of bacterial lower respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs) at nine centres in China. Methods: Patients diagnosed with bacterial lower respiratory tract infections or UTIs were randomly assigned to receive either biapenem (300 mg every 12 h) or meropenem (500 mg every 8 h) by intravenous infusion for 7 to 14 days according to their disease severity. The overall clinical efficacy, bacterial eradication rates and drug-related adverse reactions of biapenem and meropenem were analyzed. Results: A total of 272 enrolled cases were included in the intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis and safety analysis. There were no differences in demographics and baseline medical characteristics between biapenem group and meropenem group. The overall clinical efficacies of biapenem and meropenem were not significantly different, 94.70 per cent (125/132) vs. 93.94 per cent (124/132). The overall bacterial eradication rates of biapenem and meropenem showed no significant difference, 96.39 per cent (80/83) vs. 93.75 per cent (75/80). Drug-related adverse reactions were comparable in biapenem and meropenem groups with the incidence of 11.76 per cent (16/136) and 15.44 per cent (21/136), respectively. The most common symptoms of biapenem-related adverse reactions were rash (2.2%) and gastrointestinal distress (1.5%). Interpretation & conclusions: Biapenem was non-inferior to meropenem and was well-tolerated in the treatment of moderate and severe lower respiratory tract infections and UTIs.
Synthesis of algebraic processes based on process enumeration

Algebraic calculation systems for processes, e.g., Hoare's CSP [8] and Milner's CCS [13, 15], are used to describe communication processes and concurrent programs, etc., and applied to the verification problem [4-6]. On the other hand, most studies on the inductive inference have been concerned with finite automata, formal languages and their families, etc., but few have discussed algebraic processes. This is because they have nondeterministic properties, their parallel actions are difficult to handle, and their semantics are completed different from the cases of the traditional formal languages and automata. This paper presents synthesis algorithms for algebraic processes by modal formulas based on induction inference
Chronic epilepsy and cognition: A longitudinal study in temporal lobe epilepsy

It remains unclear whether uncontrolled epilepsy causes mental decline. This longitudinal study contrasts change of memory and nonmemory functions in 147 surgically and 102 medically treated patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. All participants were evaluated at baseline (T1) and after 2 to 10 years (T3). Surgical patients underwent additional testing 1 year postoperatively (T2). Data were analyzed on an individual and group level. Sixty‐three percent of the surgical and 12% of the medically treated patients were seizure‐free at T3. Fifty percent of the medically treated and 60% of the surgical patients showed significant memory decline at T3 with little change in nonmemory functions (difference not significant). Surgery anticipated the decline seen in the medically treated group and exceeded it when surgery was performed on the left, or if seizures continued postoperatively. Seizure‐free surgical patients showed recovery of nonmemory functions at T2 (p < 0.001) and of memory functions at T3 (T3, p = 0.03). Multiple regression indicated retest interval, seizure control, and mental reserve capacity as predictors of performance changes. In addition, psychosocial outcome was better when seizures were controlled. In conclusion, chronic temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with progressive memory impairment. Surgery, particularly if unsuccessful, accelerates this decline. However, memory decline may be stopped and even reversed if seizures are fully controlled. Ann Neurol 2003;54:425–432
Plasmon Hybridization in Nanoparticle Dimers

We apply the recently developed plasmon hybridization method to nanoparticle dimers, providing a simple and intuitive description of how the energy and excitation cross sections of dimer plasmons depend on nanoparticle separation. We show that the dimer plasmons can be viewed as bonding and antibonding combinations, i.e., hybridization of the individual nanoparticle plasmons. The calculated plasmon energies are compared with results from FDTD simulations.
Behavioral Neuroscience

the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia indirectly by investigating mesolimbic–mesocortical activation during reward processing. Aberrant activation in the ventral striatum of patients with schizophrenia has been demonstrated for prediction of fi nancial reward (Juckel et al., 2006b; Jensen et al., 2008) and aversive cues (Jensen et al., 2008) as well as for reward prediction error (Murray et al., 2008). Aberrant activation of prefrontal regions during the outcome period of reward paradigms in schizophrenia has been described for the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) (Schlagenhauf et al., 2009) as well as for the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (Corlett et al., 2007). A recent investigation of our group provided support for the revised version of the dopamine hypothesis in partially remitted patients diagnosed with schizophrenia treated with the atypical neuroleptic olanzapine (Walter et al., 2009). Using a monetary incentive delay task in fMRI, we found evidence for normal to elevated activation in the ventral striatum for the prediction error during outcomes of reward. Moreover, cortical regions, namely the anterior cingulate gyrus and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) mediating attentional processes and action selection were found to be hypoactive during reward processing. Importantly, while the above cited studies on schizophrenia directed their focus on either reward expectation or outcome signals related to prediction error theory, the fi nding of dysfunctional activation of the right
Profile and Analysis of Gene Expression Changes during Early Development in Germinating Spores of Ceratopteris richardii1[w]

Analysis of an expressed sequence tag library with more than 5,000 sequences from spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii reveals that more than 3,900 of them represent distinct genes, and almost 70% of these have significant similarity to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes. Eight genes are common between three very different dormant plant systems, Ceratopteris spores, Arabidopsis seeds, and Arabidopsis pollen. We evaluated the pattern of mRNA abundance over the first 48 h of spore development using a microarray of cDNAs representing 3,207 distinct genes of C. richardii and determined the relative levels of RNA abundance for 3,143 of these genes using a Bayesian method of statistical analysis. More than 900 of them (29%) show a significant change between any of the five time points analyzed, and these have been annotated based on their sequence similarity with the Arabidopsis proteome. Novel data arising from these analyses identify genes likely to be critical for the germination and subsequent early development of diverse cells and tissues emerging from dormancy.
Stabilization of Networked Stochastic Time-Delay Fuzzy Systems With Data Dropout

This paper deals with the problem of stabilization for networked stochastic systems with transmitted data dropout. The plant in the networked control system (NCS) under consideration is a discrete stochastic time-delay nonlinear system represented by a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. Exponential stability criteria of the NCS are developed by using a common quadratic Lyapunov function and a fuzzy Lyapunov function, respectively. A stabilization controller with convergence rate constraint can be designed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities that is numerically feasible with commercially available software. Three numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
The interactive PRP for diversifying document rankings

The assumptions underlying the Probability Ranking Principle (PRP) have led to a number of alternative approaches that cater or compensate for the PRP's limitations. In this poster we focus on the Interactive PRP (iPRP), which rejects the assumption of independence between documents made by the PRP. Although the theoretical framework of the iPRP is appealing, no instantiation has been proposed and investigated. In this poster, we propose a possible instantiation of the principle, performing the first empirical comparison of the iPRP against the PRP. For document diversification, our results show that the iPRP is significantly better than the PRP, and comparable to or better than other methods such as Modern Portfolio Theory.
The relationship between experimental manipulations and tests of theory in an advertising message

Abstract Advertising message involvement (AMI) has been identified as an important individual/situational factor influencing advertising processing. In order to isolate and examine various theoretical relationships, researchers often experimentally manipulate AMI. In this study, several manipulations of the construct were tested for their ability to place individuals into high- and low-involvement groups. The results of the analyses indicated that modifications in manipulation instructions may alter the pattern of results obtained on manipulation-and confounding-check measures. The findings also suggest that relationships between theoretical constructs may be dependent upon the involvement manipulation utilized. The study is intended to demonstrate the delicate balance/relationship between methodological rigor and theoretical development/advancement.
Humanoids walk with feedforward dynamic pattern and feedback sensory reflection

Since a biped humanoid inherently suffers from instability and always risks tipping over, ensuring high stability and reliability of walking is one of the most important goals. The paper proposes a walk control consisting of a feedforward dynamic pattern and a feedback sensory reflex. The dynamic pattern is a rhythmic and periodic motion, which satisfies the constraints of dynamic stability and ground conditions, and is generated assuming that the models of the humanoid and the environment are known. The sensory reflex is a simple, but rapid motion programmed with respect to sensory information. The sensory reflex, we propose, consists of the body posture control, the actual ZMP (zero moment point) control, and the landing time control. With the dynamic pattern and the sensory reflex, it is possible for the humanoid to walk rhythmically and to adapt itself to environmental uncertainties. The effectiveness of our proposed method was confirmed by walk experiments of an actual 26 DOF humanoid on an unknown rough terrain and in the presence of disturbances.
On generating large-scale ground truth datasets for the deduplication of bibliographic records

Mendeley's crowd-sourced catalogue of research papers forms the basis of features such as the ability to search for papers, finding papers related to one currently being viewed and personalised recommendations. In order to generate this catalogue it is necessary to deduplicate the records uploaded from users' libraries and imported from external sources such as PubMed and arXiv. This task has been achieved at Mendeley via an automated system. However the quality of the deduplication needs to be improved. "Ground truth" data sets are thus needed for evaluating the system's performance but existing datasets are very small. In this paper, the problem of generating large scale data sets from Mendeley's database is tackled. An approach based purely on random sampling produced very easy data sets so approaches that focus on more difficult examples were explored. We found that selecting duplicates and non duplicates from documents with similar titles produced more challenging datasets. Additionally we established that a Solr-based deduplication system can achieve a similar deduplication quality to the fingerprint-based system currently employed. Finally, we introduce a large scale deduplication ground truth dataset that we hope will be useful to others tackling deduplication.
Two Novel Mutations at Exon 8 of the Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) Gene in an Italian Series of Patients Affected by Paget's Disease of Bone (PDB)

PDB is genetically heterogeneous. Mutations of the sequestosome1 gene have been reported in sporadic and familial forms of Paget's in patients of French Canadian and British descent. Mutational analyses in different ethnic groups are needed to accurately investigate hereditary diseases. We describe two novel mutations of sequestosome1 in 62 Italian sporadic patients, confirming the role of the encoded protein in this disorder.
Ecological risk assessment of cheese whey effluents along a medium-sized river in southwest Greece

An ecological risk assessment of cheese whey effluents was applied in three critical sampling sites located in Vouraikos river (southwest Greece), while ecological classification using Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EU criteria allowed a direct comparison of toxicological and ecological data. Two invertebrates (Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus) and the zebra fish Danio rerio were used for toxicological analyses, while the aquatic risk was calculated on the basis of the risk quotient (RQ = PEC/PNEC). Chemical classification of sites was carried out using the Nutrient Classification System, while benthic invertebrates were collected and analyzed for biological classification. Toxicological results revealed the heavy pollution load of the two sites, nearest to the point pollution source, as the PEC/PNEC ratio exceeded 1.0, while unexpectedly, no risk was detected for the most downstream site, due to the consequent interference of the riparian flora. These toxicological results were in agreement with the ecological analysis: the ecological quality of the two heavily impacted sites ranged from moderate to bad, whereas it was found good for the most downstream site. The results of the study indicate major ecological risk for almost 15km downstream of the point pollution source and the potentiality of the water quality remediation by the riparian vegetation, proving the significance of its maintenance.
The contribution of case study research to knowledge of how to improve quality of care

Background Efforts to improve the implementation of effective practice and to speed up improvements in quality and patient safety continue to pose challenges for researchers and policy makers. Organisational research, and, in particular, case studies of quality improvement, offer methods to improve understanding of the role of organisational and microsystem contexts for improving care and the development of theories which might guide improvement strategies. Methods This paper reviews examples of such research and details the methodological issues in constructing and analysing case studies. Case study research typically collects a wide array of data from interviews, documents and other sources. Conclusion Advances in methods for coding and analysing these data are improving the quality of reports from these studies.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Optical and PET GLP-1 Peptide Analogues for GLP-1R Imaging

A fluorescein-GLP-1 (7-37) analog was generated to determine GLP-1R distribution in various cell types of the pancreas in both strains of mice and receptor-specific uptake was confirmed by blocking with exendin-4. Biodistribution studies were carried out using 68Ga-labeled GLP-1 (7-37) peptides in CD1 and C57BL/6 mice. In addition, immunocompromised mice bearing GLP-1R-expressing insulinomas were evaluated by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies. The optical GLP-1 probe strongly colocalized with immunofluorescence for insulin and glucagon, and more weakly with amylase (exocrine pancreas) and cytokeratin 19 (ductal cells), confirming its application for in situ GLP-1R imaging in various pancreatic cell types. Insulinomas were clearly visualized by in vivo PET. Reducing the peptide positive charge decreased renal retention as well as tumor uptake. Results demonstrate the application of the developed GLP-1 peptide analogues for in situ (optical) and in vivo (PET) imaging of GLP-1R expression.
Iterated Learning: A Framework for the Emergence of Language

Language is culturally transmitted. Iterated learning, the process by which the output of one individual's learning becomes the input to other individuals' learning, provides a framework for investigating the cultural evolution of linguistic structure. We present two models, based upon the iterated learning framework, which show that the poverty of the stimulus available to language learners leads to the emergence of linguistic structure. Compositionality is language's adaptation to stimulus poverty.
ASSESSING TEACHING PRESENCE IN A COMPUTER CONFERENCING CONTEXT

This paper presents a tool developed for the purpose of assessing teaching presence in online courses that make use of computer conferencing, and preliminary results from the use of this tool. The method of analysis is based on Garrison, Anderson, and Archer’s model of critical thinking and practical inquiry in a computer conferencing context. The concept of teaching presence is constitutively defined as having three categories – design and organization, facilitating discourse, and direct instruction. Indicators that we search for in the computer conference transcripts identify each category. Pilot testing of the instrument reveals interesting differences in the extent and type of teaching presence found in different graduate level online courses.