Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Difference in Quality of Test Architecture between Service Providers and Subcontractors

Software testing is designed in various company hierarchy, such as end product/service providers and subcontractors. An end product/service providers generally has a severe responsibility for their software quality, while a subcontractor has a limited responsibility. There can be a hypothesis that there is differences in software quality between service providers and subcontractors. To examine the hypothesis, this research analyzes correlation between quality of test architecture designed by end product/service providers and subcontractors. It is measured by similarity between test architecture documents and software requirement analysis documents using Word2Vec, a language modelling algorithm with neural network. This research showed moderate correlation that subcontractors will design test architecture similar to software requirement documents.
Heavy dark matter through the Higgs portal

Motivated by Higgs Portal and Hidden Valley models, heavy particle dark matter that communicates with the supersymmetric Standard Model via pure Higgs sector interactions is considered. We show that a thermal relic abundance consistent with the measured density of dark matter is possible for masses up to ~ 30 TeV. For dark matter masses above ~ 1 TeV, non-perturbative Sommerfeld corrections to the annihilation rate are large, and have the potential to greatly affect indirect detection signals. For large dark matter masses, the Higgs-dark-matter-sector couplings are large and we show how such models may be given a UV completion within the context of so-called ``Fat-Higgs" models. Higgs Portal dark matter provides an example of an attractive alternative to conventional MSSM neutralino dark matter that may evade discovery at the LHC, while still being within the reach of current and upcoming indirect detection experiments.
Brain dopamine and serotonin differ in regulation and its consequences

Dopamine and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) are neurotransmitters that are implicated in many psychological disorders. Although dopamine transmission in the brain has been studied extensively in vivo with fast scan cyclic voltammetry, detection of 5-HT using in vivo voltammetric methods has only recently been established. In this work we use two carbon-fiber microelectrodes to simultaneously measure dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and 5-HT release in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, using a common stimulation in a single rat. We find that 5-HT release is profoundly restricted in comparison with dopamine release despite comparable tissue content levels. Using physiological and pharmacological analysis, we find that 5-HT transmission is mostly sensitive to uptake and metabolic degradation mechanisms. In contrast, dopamine transmission is constrained by synthesis and repackaging. Finally, we show that disruption of serotonergic regulatory mechanisms by simultaneous inhibition of uptake and metabolic degradation can have severe physiological consequences that mimic serotonin syndrome.
WASF — Weighted average based subjective feedback system for E-healthcare services

Recently there has been an evidential growth in E-healthcare services. Every hospital has a variety of similar or dissimilar healthcare services. Selecting the best healthcare service is influenced by many preferences such as doctor's experience, location, feedback on continuity of care, waiting time, cost, hospital facilities, etc. Among the preferences, feedback is more influential. Participant's feedback plays a vital in selection of the best healthcare service and also in improving the quality of the healthcare service and its provider. In this paper, weighted average based subjective feedback system has been proposed, designed and implemented to obtain the feedback from the various personnel related to the e-health care services. Experimental analyses have been conducted to prove that the proposed feedback system is effective.
Reporting child language sampling procedures.

PURPOSE Despite the long history of language sampling use in the study of child language development and disorders, there are no set guidelines specifying the reporting of language sampling procedures. The authors propose reporting standards for use by investigators who employ language samples in their research. METHOD The authors conducted a literature search of child-focused studies published in journals of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association between January 2000 and December 2011 that included language sampling procedures to help characterize child participants or to derive measures to serve as dependent variables. Following this search, they reviewed each study and documented the language sampling procedures reported. RESULTS The authors' synthesis revealed that approximately 25% of all child-focused studies use language samples to help characterize participants and/or derive dependent variables. They found remarkable inconsistencies in the reporting of language sampling procedures. CONCLUSION To maximize the conclusions drawn from research using language samples, the authors strongly encourage investigators of child language to consistently report language sampling procedures using the proposed reporting checklist.
miR-221 overexpression contributes to liver tumorigenesis

MicroRNA (miRNAs) are negative regulators of gene expression and can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Expression patterns of miRNAs and their role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still poorly understood. We profiled miRNA expression in tissue samples (104 HCC, 90 adjacent cirrhotic livers, 21 normal livers) as well as in 35 HCC cell lines. A set of 12 miRNAs (including miR-21, miR-221/222, miR-34a, miR-519a, miR-93, miR-96, and let-7c) was linked to disease progression from normal liver through cirrhosis to full-blown HCC. miR-221/222, the most up-regulated miRNAs in tumor samples, are shown to target the CDK inhibitor p27 and to enhance cell growth in vitro. Conversely, these activities can be efficiently inhibited by an antagomiR specific for miR-221. In addition, we show, using a mouse model of liver cancer, that miR-221 overexpression stimulates growth of tumorigenic murine hepatic progenitor cells. Finally, we identified DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), a modulator of mTOR pathway, as a bona fide target of miR-221. Taken together, these data reveal an important contribution for miR-221 in hepatocarcinogenesis and suggest a role for DDIT4 dysregulation in this process. Thus, the use of synthetic inhibitors of miR-221 may prove to be a promising approach to liver cancer treatment.
Cystitis‐induced upregulation of tyrosine kinase (TrkA, TrkB) receptor expression and phosphorylation in rat micturition pathways

This study examined tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) expression and phosphorylation in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after acute (8 or 48 hours) or chronic (10 days) cyclophosphamide (CYP)–induced cystitis. Increases in the number of TrkA‐immunoreactive (IR) cell profiles were detected in the L1 and L6 DRG (four‐fold; P ≤ 0.01) and the S1 DRG (1.5‐fold; P ≤ 0.05) but not in the L2, L4, and L5 DRG with CYP‐induced cystitis of acute and chronic duration compared with control rats. The number of TrkB‐IR cell profiles increased in the L1 and L2 DRG (L1: 2.6‐fold; L2: 1.4‐fold; P ≤ 0.05) and in the L6 and S1 DRG (L6: 2.2‐fold; S1: 1.3‐fold; P ≤ 0.05) only after acute CYP treatment (8 hours). After CYP treatment, the percentage of bladder afferent cell profiles expressing TrkA‐IR (∼50%; P ≤ 0.05) increased in L1 and L6 DRG. The percentage of bladder afferent cell profiles expressing TrkB‐IR (∼45%; P ≤ 0.05) in L1, L2, L6, and S1 DRG also increased compared with control cell profiles. The increase in TrkA‐IR in bladder afferent cells occurred 8 hours after CYP treatment and was maintained in L1 DRG with chronic (10 days) CYP‐induced cystitis. However, the increase in bladder afferent cells expressing TrkB‐IR only occurred at the most acute time point examined (8 hours). TrkA‐IR and TrkB‐IR cell profiles also demonstrated phosphorylated Trk‐IR with acute and/or chronic CYP‐induced cystitis. These results demonstrated that CYP‐induced cystitis increases the expression and phosphorylation of Trk receptors in lumbosacral DRG. Expression of neurotrophic factors in the inflamed urinary bladder may contribute to this increased expression, and neurotrophic factor and Trk interactions may play unique roles in decreased urinary tract plasticity with CYP‐induced cystitis. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:200–211, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Evaluation of Speaker Verification Security and Detection of HMM-Based Synthetic Speech

—In this paper, we evaluate the vulnerability of speaker veriﬁcation (SV) systems to synthetic speech. The SV systems are based on either the Gaussian mixture model- universal background model (GMM-UBM) or support vector machine (SVM) using GMM supervectors. We use a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based text-to-speech (TTS) synthesizer, which can synthesize speech for a target speaker using small amounts of training data through model adaptation of an average voice or background model. Although the SV systems have a very low equal error rate (EER), when tested with synthetic speech generated from speaker models derived from the Wall-Street Journal (WSJ) speech corpus, over 81% of the matched claims are accepted. This result suggests vulnerability in SV systems and thus a need to accurately detect synthetic speech. We propose a new feature based on relative phase shift (RPS), demonstrate reliable detection of synthetic speech, and show how this classiﬁer can be used to improve security of SV systems.
DEAD box RNA helicase functions in cancer

Members of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases are known to be involved in most cellular processes that require manipulation of RNA structure and, in many cases, exhibit other functions in addition to their established ATP-dependent RNA helicase activities. They thus play critical roles in cellular metabolism and in many cases have been implicated in cellular proliferation and/or neoplastic transformation. These proteins generally act as components of multi-protein complexes; therefore their precise role is likely to be influenced by their interacting partners and to be highly context-dependent. This may also provide an explanation for the sometimes conflicting reports suggesting that DEAD box proteins have both pro- and anti-proliferative roles in cancer.
Incidence, indication and complications of postoperative reintubation after elective intracranial surgery

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There are no reports on reintubation incidence and its causes and consequences during the postoperative period following elective intracranial surgery. The objective here was to evaluate the incidence of reintubation and its causes and complications in this situation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study, using data obtained at a tertiary university hospital between 2003 and 2006. METHODS: 169 patients who underwent elective intracranial surgery were studied. Preoperative assessment was performed and the patients were followed up until hospital discharge or death. The rate of reintubation with its causes and complications was ascertained. RESULTS: The incidence of reintubation was 12.4%, and the principal cause was lowered level of consciousness (71.5%). There was greater incidence of reintubation among females (P = 0.028), and greater occurrence of altered level of consciousness at the time of extubation (P < 0.0001). Reintubated patients presented longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.0001), longer stays in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital (P < 0.0001), greater incidence of pulmonary complications (P < 0.0001), greater need for reoperation and tracheostomy, and higher mortality (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The incidence of reintubation in these patients was 12.4%. The main cause was lowering of the level of consciousness. Female gender and altered level of consciousness at the time of extubation correlated with higher incidence of reintubation. Reintubation was associated with pulmonary complications, longer durations of mechanical ventilation, hospitalization and stay in the ICU, greater incidence of tracheostomy and mortality.
Photonic Devices Based on In-Plane Hetero Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystals (PCs) are optical materials of periodic refractive index, designed to block light of certain wavelengths ( [1][1] – [5][2] ). Artificial defects such as line- and/or point-defects can be introduced into PCs to allow light to be manipulated. Ultrasmall photonic devices, with sizes
Core illumination: Traffic analysis in cyberspace

The information security discipline devotes immense resources to developing and protecting a core set of protocols that encode and encrypt Internet communications. However, since the dawn of human conflict, simple traffic analysis (TA) has been used to circumvent innumerable security schemes. TA leverages metadata and hard-to-conceal network flow data related to the source, destination, size, frequency, and direction of information, from which eavesdroppers can often deduce a comprehensive intelligence analysis. TA is effective in both the hard and soft sciences, and provides an edge in economic, political, intelligence and military affairs. Today, modern information technology, including the ubiquity of computers, and the interconnected nature of cyberspace, has made TA a global and universally accessible discipline. Further, due to privacy issues, it is also a global concern. Digital metadata, affordable computer storage, and automated information processing now record and analyse nearly all human activities, and the scrutiny is growing more acute by the day. Corporate, law enforcement, and intelligence agencies have access to strategic datasets from which they can drill down to the tactical level at any moment. This paper discusses the nature of TA, how it has evolved in the Internet era, and demonstrates the power of high-level analysis based on a large cybersecurity dataset.
Dynamics of feature binding during object-selective attention

Objects in the environment may be attended selectively and perceived as unified ensembles of their constituent features. To investigate the timing and cortical localization of feature-integration mechanisms in object-based attention, recordings of event-related potentials and magnetic fields were combined with functional MRI while subjects attended to one of two superimposed transparent surfaces formed by arrays of dots moving in opposite directions. A spatiotemporal analysis revealed evidence for a rapid increase in neural activity localized to a color-selective region of the fusiform gyrus when the surface moving in the attended direction displayed an irrelevant color feature. These data provide support for the “integrated-competition” model of object-selective attention and point to a dynamic neural substrate for the rapid binding process that links relevant and irrelevant features to form a unified perceptual object.
Approximate Implicitization of Planar Parametric Curves using Quadratic Splines 1 )

A quadratic Bézier spline with G-continuity is given to approximate a planar parametric curve. In its construction, the parametric curve is first divided into several segments. A rational quadratic Bézier curve is then applied to approximate each segment and recursive subdivision for the segment may be used if the approximation error is out of the given range. With this method, we not only keep the shape but also the direction of the parametric curve with simple computation using quadratic curves. High accuracy of the approximation is also achieved with relatively small number of conics.
Hybrid Filtering Technique for Image Denoising Using Artificial Neural Network

Image enhancement and restoration in a noisy environment are fundamental problems in image processing. Various filtering techniques have been developed to suppress noise in order to improve the quality of images. Many filters for image processing are designed assuming a specific noise distribution. In the medical field image processing play an important role because most of the diseases are diagnosed by means of medical images. In order to use these images for the diagnosing process, it must be noiseless. However, most of the images are affected by noises and artifacts. Hence an effective technique for denoising medical images particularly in Computed Tomography (CT) is necessary, which is a significant and most general modality in medical imaging. In order to achieve this denoising of CT images, an effective CT image denoising technique is proposed. The proposed technique remove the Additive white Gaussian Noise from the CT images and improves the quality of images. The proposed work is comprised of three phases; they are preprocessing, training and testing. In the preprocessing phase, the CT image which is affected by the AWGN noise is transformed using multi wavelet transformation. In the training phase the obtained multi-wavelet coefficients are given as input to the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). In the testing phase, the input CT image is examined using this trained ANFIS and then to enhance the quality of the CT image thresholding is applied and then the image is reconstructed. Hence, the quality enhanced and the denoising CT images are obtained in an effective manner.
An approach to speaker identification using multiple classifiers

The presented paper is interested in a speaker identification problem. The attributes representing the voice of a particular speaker are obtained from very short segments of the speech waveform corresponding only to one pitch period of vowels. The patterns formed from the samples of a pitch period waveform are either matched in the time domain by use of a nonlinear time warping method, known as dynamic time warping (DTW), or they are converted into cepstral coefficients and compared using the cepstral distance measure. Since an uttered speech signal usually contains a lot of vowels the techniques using a combination both various classifiers and multiple classifier outputs are considered in the decision making process. Experiments performed for a hundred speakers are described.
The passions of the soul

TABLE OF CONTENTS: Translator's Introduction Introduction by Genevieve Rodis-Lewis The Passions of the Sou l: Preface PART I: About the Passions in General, and Incidentally about the Entire Nature of Man PART II: About the Number and Order of the Passions, and the Explanation of the Six Primitives PART III: About the Particular Passions Lexicon: Index to Lexicon Bibliography Index Index Locorum
Nonionic Oligonucleotide Analogs (Matagen™) as Anticodic Agents in Duplex and Triplex Formation

The promise of and enthusiasm for the antisense strategy is amply self-evident in this volume. The antisense strategy is no longer an avant-garde approach; rather, it has become a reliable tool for the identification of gene function in complex, living biological systems/hosts and has great potential for development of therapeutic agents. However, the contributions to this volume also reflect two fundamentally different approaches to this antisense strategy. A clarification at the onset will be of value. The first approach is biological, in which a vector is constructed with the DNA of the target gene inserted with reversed polarity. After successful transfection, an “antisense-messenger” RNA (or any R N A transcribed by design) is produced inside the cell, based on controlled transcription of the vector. As in current molecular biological nomenclature the “transcribing” strand of the DNA duplex is termed the “sense” strand and the “nontranscribing” strand in the DNA duplex is termed the “non-sense” strand, naturally the transcribed R N A with reversed polarity is termed “antisense”. ’,* The antisense RNA is expected to form a double-stranded RNA duplex with the complementary target/“sense” RNA in the cell. This expected event may not always take place in transfected cells, because both the antisense RNA and the sense RNA have extensive secondary and tertiary structures. Therefore, the ability to form duplexes depends heavily on the linearly exposed portions of the two RNAs. Although certain genetic engineering steps can be taken to promote this process, the approach and the outcome are not under strict rational design and cannot be predicted precisely. The second approach, pioneered in our laboratory in the late 1960s and early 1970~ ,~ -~ involves chemical synthesis of oligonucleotide or oligonucleotide analogs based on the sequence information of the target RNA. These oligomers can first be tested in cell-free biochemical systems for hybridization-arrest of protein synthesis or in biophysical systems for binding between the target RNA (or target RNA sequence) and the oligomers. The a pn’ori requirement of this approach is precise sequence information on the target RNA or DNA. This approach can be adopted for single-stranded targets (mostly RNA), which involves duplex formation, or for
Electrical Characterization of Resistive Switching Memories

Resistive switching memory (also known as RRAM for resistive random access memory) is considered a promising candidate for the next‐generation nonvolatile memories. This paper summarizes the electrical characterization methodologies for RRAM performance evaluation and the investigation of resistive switching mechanisms. Some unique issues in RRAM measurements are discussed, including polarity, forming, and switching control. Product‐oriented RRAM characterization needs to consider yield, failure mechanisms, and reliability issues, which has only began to be addressed by the RRAM research community.
Change-point estimation of the process fraction non-conforming with a linear trend in statistical process control

Despite the fact that control charts are able to trigger a signal when a process has changed, it does not indicate when the process change has begun. The time difference between the changing point and a signal of a control chart could cause confusions on the sources of the problems. Knowing the exact time of a process change would help to reduce the time for identification of the special cause. In this article, a model for the change-point problem is first introduced and a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) is applied when a linear trend disturbance is present. Then, Monte Carlo simulation is applied in order to evaluate the accuracy and the precision performances of the proposed change-point estimator. Next, the proposed estimator is compared with the MLE of the process fraction non-conforming change point derived under simple step and monotonic changes following signals from a Shewhart np control chart. The results show that the MLE of the process change point designed for the linear trend outperforms the MLE designed for step and monotonic changes when a linear trend disturbance is present.