Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Aqueous Solubility of Chemical Compounds Using E-State Indices

The molecular weight and electrotopological E-state indices were used to estimate by Artificial Neural Networks aqueous solubility for a diverse set of 1291 organic compounds. The neural network with 33-4-1 neurons provided highly predictive results with r(2) = 0.91 and RMS = 0.62. The used parameters included several combinations of E-state indices with similar properties. The calculated results were similar to those published for these data by Huuskonen (2000). However, in the current study only E-state indices were used without need of additional indices (the molecular connectivity, shape, flexibility and indicator indices) also considered in the previous study. In addition, the present neural network contained three times less hidden neurons. Smaller neural networks and use of one homogeneous set of parameters provides a more robust model for prediction of aqueous solubility of chemical compounds. Limitations of the developed method for prediction of large compounds are discussed. The developed approach is available online at http://www.lnh. unil.ch/~itetko/logp.
Joint knowledge capture for grammars and ontologies

We introduce a methodology for automating the maintenance and growth of domain-specific concept taxonomies and grammatical class hierarchies simultaneously, based on knowledge capture from natural language texts. The assimilation process is centered around the linguistic and conceptual `quality' of various forms of evidence underlying the generation, assessment and on-going refinement of lexical and concept hypotheses. On the basis of the strength of evidence, hypotheses are ranked according to plausibility, and the most reasonable ones are selected for assimilation into the given lexical class hierarchy and domain ontology.
Global sparsity potentials for obstacle detection from Unmanned Surface Vehicles

This paper presents a new algorithm for image based obstacle detection from Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) by exploring the global sparseness of image patches. The horizon line is taken as the prior knowledge so as to process the algorithm within the sea area. Considering the geometric relation between the camera and the sea surface, the resolution of the observation that close to the horizon is smaller than that close to the image bottom, thus we adopt the variable size image windows to sample image patches for analysing their global spareness across the whole sampled patches set, in which the less spareness patches are clustered as sea surface, while the ones with high spareness scores are considered as candidates for obstacles. Finally, the candidates far from the mean of the sea surface patches are selected as obstacles. Experiments on our own dataset from the USV demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, which shows higher accuracy than the traditional method as well as the state-of-the-art saliency detection method.
Failure of vaccination to prevent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease

SUMMARY Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease persist in dairy cattle herds in Saudi Arabia despite revaccination at intervals of 4–6 months. Vaccine trials provide data on antibody responses following vaccination. Using this information we developed a mathematical model of the decay of protective antibodies with which we estimated the fraction of susceptible animals at a given time after vaccination. The model describes the data well, suggesting over 95% take with an antibody half-life of 43 days. Farm records provided data on the time course of five outbreaks. We applied a ‘SLIR’ epidemiological model to these data, fitting a single parameter representing disease transmission rate. The analysis provides estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0, which may exceed 70 in some cases. We conclude that the critical intervaccination interval which would provide herd immunity against FMDV is unrealistically short, especially for heterologous challenge. We suggest that it may not be possible to prevent foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks on these farms using currently available vaccines.
Interim report on the A/H1N1 influenza virus pandemic in Marseille, France, April-November 2009

Abstract We report here the results of a 7-month survey of the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic in the Virology laboratory of the public hospitals of Marseille (April–November 2009). In total, 8 587 samples were analysed during this period, of which 1 974 (23%) were positive for the novel influenza variant. The analysis of results obtained using rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) revealed a global sensitivity of 49.4% (vs. molecular qRT-PCR detection), strongly correlated with age groups (varying from 30% to 58% for patients >40 age and <10, respectively), indicating that RIDTs can be helpful in accelerating the management of suspected cases. Epidemiological analysis showed that the winter influenza wave began in October in Marseille (i.e. 2 to 3 months earlier than usual seasonal influenza outbreaks) and that the majority of autochthonous cases were observed in patients younger than 20 years old, with a low number of cases in patients over 60 years old. In November 2009, 22.2% (167/754) of patients with a laboratory diagnosis of influenza A/H1N1 infection were hospitalized, of which 9% (15/167) were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Patients in the extreme age groups (>40 years old and <1) were significantly more often hospitalized than others, and 2.4% of hospitalized patients died. During the last 3 weeks of the period, the average number of bed-days attributable to H1N1sw-positive patients was 31.4, of which 5.9 were in ICUs.
Cultural intelligence and all that Jazz: A cognitive revolution in international management research?

In recent years, international management research has focused on the cognitive development of managers as increasingly important in a complex and dynamic business environment. As part of what might be called a cognitive revolution in international management research, several individual difference constructs have been introduced that promise to improve upon our ability to link culture to action beyond the study of dimensions of cultural variability and inventories of cultural competence. In this paper, I review three of these ideas: multicultural personality, global mindset, and cultural intelligence. I examine their conceptual similarities and level of development, and identify five criteria that need to be satisfied for these new ideas to have utility in international management research.
Rapid Phosphoproteomic and Transcriptomic Changes in the Rhizobia-legume Symbiosis*

Symbiotic associations between legumes and rhizobia usually commence with the perception of bacterial lipochitooligosaccharides, known as Nod factors (NF), which triggers rapid cellular and molecular responses in host plants. We report here deep untargeted tandem mass spectrometry-based measurements of rapid NF-induced changes in the phosphorylation status of 13,506 phosphosites in 7739 proteins from the model legume Medicago truncatula. To place these phosphorylation changes within a biological context, quantitative phosphoproteomic and RNA measurements in wild-type plants were compared with those observed in mutants, one defective in NF perception (nfp) and one defective in downstream signal transduction events (dmi3). Our study quantified the early phosphorylation and transcription dynamics that are specifically associated with NF-signaling, confirmed a dmi3-mediated feedback loop in the pathway, and suggested “cryptic” NF-signaling pathways, some of them being also involved in the response to symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
TSE Diagnostics: Recent Advances in Immunoassaying Prions

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are a group of rare fatal neurodegenerative diseases, affecting humans and animals. They are believed to be the consequence of the conversion of the cellular prion protein to its aggregation-prone, β-sheet-rich isoform, named prion. Definite diagnosis of TSEs is determined post mortem. For this purpose, immunoassays for analyzing brain tissue have been developed. However, the ultimate goal of TSE diagnostics is an ante mortem test, which would be sensitive enough to detect prions in body fluids, that is, in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine. Such a test would be of paramount importance also for screening of asymptomatic carriers of the disease with the aim of increasing food, drugs, and blood-derived products safety. In the present paper, we have reviewed recent advances in the development of immunoassays for the detection of prions.
Quasi-Living Polymerization of Propene with an Isotactic-Specific Zirconocene Catalyst

Propene polymerization with isotactic (iso)-specific C2-symmetric rac-Me2Si(2-Me-Benz(e)-Ind)2ZrCl2 (1) and rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-1-Ind)2ZrCl2 (2) were conducted under various conditions for achieving iso-specific living polymerization of propene. When Complex 1 was activated with trialkylaluminum-free modified methylaluminoxane (dMMAO) at −40 °C, the number-average molecular weight (Mn) linearly increased against the polymerization time to reach Mn = 704,000 within 15 min of polymerization, although the molecular weight distributions was broad (Mw/Mn < 3). Thus, it was found that quasi-living polymerization of propene proceeded in the 1-dMMAO system. The living nature of iso-polypropene was confirmed by the block copolymerization, where the Mn value increased from 221,000 to 382,000 after the addition of 1-octene to yield the block copolymer with a melting point of 150 °C.
3D radar imaging based on frequency-scanned antenna

: A frequency-scanned antenna is designed to achieve range, azimuth and elevation 3D imaging. The frequency-scanned antenna is the combination of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array and planar array antenna. Angle and range information can be obtained using a single frequency-scanned antenna. So the azimuth and elevation information can be obtained respectively with two orthogonal frequency-scanned antennas in the horizontal and vertical direction. Based on the captured range, azimuth and elevation information, a 3D scenario can be constructed. The frequency-scanned antennas working in the range of 24 to 25.6 GHz have been fabricated, and imaging experiments on di ﬀ erent scenarios have been carried out.
Composite right/left-handed leaky wave antenna for millimeter-wave automotive applications

We have proposed a novel structure of frequency-independent steerable composite right/left-handed (CRLH) leaky wave (LW) antenna in the millimeter- wave band. It has advantages of wide beam scanning. The proposed antenna has features that a movable dielectric slab is placed above the CRLH LW antenna, and the radiation angle can be steered by changing the distance between the slab and the antenna using compact actuators. We have fabricated the prototype of CRLH LW antenna with the slots, and backward-to-forward beam scanning characteristics at 76 GHz have been demonstrated in the measurement. The scanning angle as wide as from 73 to 114 deg has been achieved experimentally. The aperture efficiency is 25.3%.
Wireless security techniques: an overview

This paper provides a survey of the different techniques that can be used to strengthen security in wireless local area networks (WLANs). The first generation of WLANs were deployed by small businesses and individuals at homes. The second generation of WLAN products are more secure than those of the first generation. Second generation broadband wireless networks are considered to be enterprise-level networks providing more capacity and coverage than first generation home- and small business-based WLANs. However, security remains the most critical area of concern in both first generation and second generation WLANs. In this paper, we provide a survey of second generation broadband WLANs technologies and focus on security techniques.
Some Applications from Software Testing for a Discrete Structures Course

The software development community is becoming increasingly aware of the importance of improved software testing, and interest is growing rapidly in new methods that promise to make testing more effective. However, software testing is a topic that is often ignored or relegated to brief components of specific upper‐level courses in the computer science curriculum. On the other hand, instructors of discrete structures courses recognize a need for practical and accessible applications of many of the topics that are discussed in their courses. In this article a number of such applications are given through a discussion of the use of complexity and coverage metrics in software testing. While no attempt is made to give a complete discussion of all the issues related to the use of such metrics, the presentation is organized in a way that provides a coherent introductory tutorial on this subject‐‐as opposed to simply cataloging certain applications. It is hoped that this approach will enable students in a discret.
Online Submission ID : 213 Modeling User Interactions for Complex Visual Search Tasks

Modeling a user’s interactions is intimately tied to many areas of research in the fields of HCI and Visual Analytics. Most notably, developing adaptive visual interfaces and effectively prefetching for large datasets, first requires understanding the user’s behavior and analytical process. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of using a user’s mouse movements and clicks to achieve this goal. In an online study, we gather users’ interactions as they perform a complex visual search task. Our results indicate a significant difference between the search strategies employed by users who were quick at completing the task and those who were slow.
Transcytosis of Albumin in Astrocytes Activates the Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1, Which Promotes the Synthesis of the Neurotrophic Factor Oleic Acid*

We have recently reported that albumin, a serum protein present in the developing brain, stimulates the synthesis of oleic acid by astrocytes, which promotes neuronal differentiation. In this work, we gain insight into the mechanism by which albumin induces the synthesis of this neurotrophic factor. Our results show that astrocytes internalize albumin in vesicle-like structures by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Albumin uptake was followed by transcytosis, including passage through the endoplasmic reticulum, which was required to induce the synthesis of oleic acid. Oleic acid synthesis is feedback-regulated by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, which induces the transcription of stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase, the key rate-limiting enzyme for oleic acid synthesis. In our research, the presence of albumin activated the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and increased stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase mRNA. Moreover, when the activity of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 was inhibited by overexpression of a truncated form of this protein, albumin did not affect stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase mRNA, indicating that the effect of albumin is mediated by this transcription factor. The effect of albumin was abolished when traffic to the endoplasmic reticulum was prevented or when albumin was accompanied with oleic acid. In conclusion, our results suggest that the transcytosis of albumin includes passage through the endoplasmic reticulum, where oleic acid is sequestrated, initiating the signal cascade leading to an increase in its own synthesis.
Shifting baselines and the decline of pelagic sharks in the Gulf of Mexico

Historical abundances of many large marine vertebrates were tremendously greater than today. However, while pelagic sharks are known to have declined rapidly in the northwest Atlantic in recent years, there, as elsewhere, little is known about the former natural abundances of these species. Here, we compare initial (1950s) and recent (late1990s) standardized catch rates of pelagic sharks in the Gulf of Mexico, the area where methods of exploitation between these two periods were most comparable. We estimate that oceanic whitetip and silky sharks, formerly the most commonly caught shark species, have declined by over 99 and 90%, respectively. That the former prevalence of oceanic whitetip sharks in this ecosystem is unrecognized today is clear evidence of shifting baselines. Our analysis provides the missing baseline for pelagic sharks in the Gulf of Mexico that is needed for the rational management and restoration of these species.
A systematic review of school-based physical activity interventions on children’s wellbeing

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to review the effect of school-based physical activity interventions on children’s wellbeing. Method: A systematic search of school-based physical activity studies was conducted using EBSCOhost PsycInfo, EBSCOhost Medline and Web of Science. Initially 995 studies were retrieved and, following the removal of duplicates, the titles and abstracts of 984 studies were screened. This screening identified 53 relevant studies from which 42 were excluded, resulting in 11 articles being reviewed. Results: Three studies reported a positive increase in wellbeing; however, only one of those studies also significantly increased physical activity. It was apparent that the measurement of wellbeing and physical activity was inconsistent across studies, making conclusions difficult to draw. The wellbeing measures used neglected to account for the children’s perspectives of wellbeing. Conclusions: The effect of a physical activity intervention on increasing wellbeing appears to be more complex than originally believed. The complexity may in part be due to methodological issues and the choice of wellbeing and physical activity measurement. We recommend that future physical activity interventions include a measure of wellbeing developed from the child’s perspective, and that future reviews narrow the search to only interventions that have had success at increasing physical activity before exploring effects on wellbeing.
Fault modeling in controllable polarity silicon nanowire circuits

Controllable polarity silicon nanowire transistors are among the promising candidates to replace current CMOS in the near future owing to their superior electrostatic characteristics and advanced functionalities. From a circuit testing point of view, it is unclear if the current CMOS and Fin-FET fault models are comprehensive enough to model all defects of controllable polarity nanowires. In this paper, we deal with the above problem using inductive fault analysis on three-independent-gate silicon nanowire FETs. Simulations revealed that the current fault models, i.e. stuck-open faults, are insufficient to cover all modes of operation. The newly introduced test algorithm for stuck open can adequately capture the malfunction behavior of controllable polarity logic gates in the presence of nanowire break and bridge on polarity terminals.
POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION IN AN ANNUAL LEGUME: LOCAL ADAPTATION

Abstract Studies of many plants species have demonstrated adaptive genetic differentiation to local environmental conditions. Typically these studies are conducted to evaluate adaptation to contrasting environments. As a consequence, although local adaptation has been frequently demonstrated, we have little information as to the spatial scale of adaptive evolution. We evaluated adaptive differentiation between populations of the annual legume Chamaecrista fasciculata using a replicated common-garden design. Study sites were established in three field locations that are home to native populations of C. fasciculata. Each location was planted for two years with seed from the population native to the study site (home population) and populations located six distances (0.1–2000 km) from each site (transplanted populations). Seeds were planted into the study sites with minimum disturbance to determine the scale of local adaptation, as measured by a home-site fitness advantage, for five fitness components: germination, survival, vegetative biomass, fruit production, and the number of fruit produced per seed planted (an estimate of cumulative fitness). For all characters there was little evidence for local adaptation, except at the furthest spatial scales. Patterns of adaptive differentiation were fairly consistent in two of the three sites, but varied between years. Little genetic variation was expressed at the third site. These results, combined with previous estimates of limited gene flow, suggest that metapopulation processes and temporal environmental variation act together to reduce local adaptation, except over long distances. Corresponding Editor: J. Conner
Identification of Envelope Determinants of Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup B That Permit Infection and Gene Transfer to Cells Expressing Human Pit1 or Pit2

ABSTRACT The retroviral vector systems that are in common use for gene therapy are designed to infect cells expressing either of two widely expressed phosphate transporter proteins, Pit1 or Pit2. Subgroup B feline leukemia viruses (FeLV-Bs) use the gibbon ape leukemia virus receptor, Pit1, as a receptor for entry. Our previous studies showed that some chimeric envelope proteins encoding portions of FeLV-B could also enter cells by using a related receptor protein, Pit2, which serves as the amphotropic murine leukemia virus receptor (S. Boomer, M. Eiden, C. C. Burns, and J. Overbaugh, J. Virol. 71:8116–8123, 1997). Here we show that an arginine at position 73 within variable region A (VRA) of the FeLV-B envelope surface unit (SU) is necessary for viral entry into cells via the human Pit2 receptor. However, C-terminal SU sequences have a dominant effect in determining human Pit2 entry, even though this portion of the protein is outside known receptor binding domains. This suggests that a combination of specific VRA sequences and C-terminal sequences may influence interactions between FeLV-B SU and the human Pit2 receptor. Binding studies suggest that the C-terminal sequences may affect a postbinding step in viral entry via the Pit2 receptor, although in all cases, binding of FeLV-B SU to human Pit2 was weak. In contrast, neither the arginine 73 nor specific C-terminal sequences are required for efficient binding or infection with Pit1. Taken together, these data suggest that different residues in SU may interact with these two receptors. The specific FeLV-Bs described here, which can enter cells using either human Pit receptor, may be useful as envelope pseudotypes for viruses used in gene therapy.
Inkwell: A 2-D animation system

Inkwell, an experimental 2 1/2-D keyframe animation system, is the subject of this paper. Inkwell provides an intuitive user interface for creating and animating polygons, ellipses and splines. These primitives may be outlined and filled with a variety of patterns to create animated diagrams, graphs and charts, and simple characters and cartoons. Inkwell also has a patch primitive that facilitates deformation and animation of textured regions. The system provides editing features that include shape and timing control as well as digital filtering of parameters. Finally, Inkwell has deformation primitives that enable an animator to warp geometry in an intuitive manner. Inkwell was used to produce Pigment Promenade, a computer animated short shown at SIGGRAPH 1990.