Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Inhibition of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in High-Grade Gliomas: Where Do We Stand?

High-grade gliomas account for the majority of intra-axial brain tumors. Despite abundant therapeutic efforts, clinical outcome is still poor. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are intensely being investigated. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR) is found in various epithelial tumors and represents one of the most common molecular abnormalities seen in high-grade gliomas. Dysregulated HER1/EGFR is found in 40% to 50% of glioblastoma, the most malignant subtype of glioma. Several agents such as tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors, antibodies, radio-immuno conjugates, ligand-toxin conjugates, or RNA-based agents have been developed to target HER1/EGFR or its mutant form, EGFRvIII. To date, most agents are in various stages of clinical development. Clinical data are sparse but most advanced for TK inhibitors. Although data from experimental studies seem promising, proof of a significant clinical benefit is still missing. Among the problems that have to be further addressed is the prediction of the individual patient's response to HER1/EGFR-targeted therapeutics based on molecular determinants. It is quite possible that blocking HER1/EGFR alone will not sufficiently translate into a clinical benefit. Therefore, a multiple target approach concomitantly aimed at different molecular sites might be a favorable concept. This review focuses on current HER1/EGFR-targeted therapeutics and their development for high-grade gliomas. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(7):1000–12)
Low Voltage Energy Harvesting by an Efficient AC-DC Step-Up Converter

In this paper, a direct ac-to-dc power converter is proposed for efficient energy harvesting from the low voltage inertial micro generators. The conventional power converters use diode bridge rectifiers and condition the micro generator outputs in two stages. Hence, they are inefficient and may not be a feasible option for very low voltage micro generators. Moreover, they are not conducive for optimum energy harvesting. The proposed converter avoids the use of bridge rectifiers, and directly converts the ac input to the required dc output. This converter uses a boost converter and a buck-boost converter to process the positive and negative half cycles of the ac input voltage, respectively. Furthermore, using this converter, maximum energy harvesting can be implemented effectively. Analysis of the converter is carried out. Based on the analysis, two schemes are proposed to control the converter. Design guidelines are presented for selecting the converter component and control parameters. A self-starting circuit is proposed for independent operation of the converter. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed converter topology and control scheme.
Advances in component based face detection

We describe the design of a component based face detector for gray scale images. We show that including pans of the face into the negative training sets of the component classifiers leads to improved system performance. We also introduce a method of using pairwise position statistics between component locations to more accurately locate the parts of a face. Finally, we illustrate an application of this technology in the creation of an accurate eye detection system.
Women, Work, and Place

Topics include the transformation of the work force in nineteenth-century Montreal (Bettina Bradbury), feminization of skill in the British garment industry (Allison Kaye), the relationship between work and family for Japanese immigrant women in Canada (Audrey Kobayashi), experiences of women during a labour dispute in Ontario (Joy Parr), contemporary restructuring of the labour force in the United States (Susan Christopherson) and in an urban context in Montreal (Damaris Rose and Paul Villeneuve), the effect of gentrification on women's work roles (Liz Bondi), inequality in the work force (Sylvia Gold), and theoretical issues involved in understanding women in the contemporary city (Linda Peake). An introductory essay provides a review of current issues. Feminists and women's studies specialists and activists as well as geographers, historians, sociologists, and policy planners will find this book of great interest.
Ill-posed medicine—an introduction to image registration

Image registration is the process of aligning two or more images of the same scene taken at different times, from different viewpoints and/or by different sensors. Image registration is a crucial step in imaging problems where the valuable information is contained in more than one image. Here, spatial alignment is required to properly integrate useful information from the separate images. It is the goal of this paper to give an overview on modern techniques in this area. It turns out that the registration problem is an inverse problem which does require a sound regularization and the use of proper models. Also, the numerics have to be done with great care. We will comment on these issues and supplement it by real life examples.
Anomaly based intrusion detection using meta ensemble classifier

Anomaly Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (ANIDS) mechanisms are largely based on machine learning algorithms and have been found effective in detecting known as well as novel attacks. However, often these algorithms in isolation cannot accurately detect all kinds of attacks and generate lot of false alarms. In this paper, we intend to show that if the power of each of the algorithms are combined and harnessed using an appropriate ensemble method, a significant improvement in detection rate can be achieved. The performance of our meta ensemble classifier was evaluated over several real life intrusion datasets and the benchmark KDD'99 dataset, and the results have been found excellent in comparison to its other competing algorithms.
Educational Approach to an Experiment in a Software Architecture Course

This paper reports experiences from an experiment in a software architecture course where the focus was both on giving students valuable education as well as getting important empirical results. The paper describes how the experiment was integrated in the course, and presents an evaluation of the experiment from an educational point of view. Further, the paper reflects on the costs and the benefits of carrying out an experiment in the context of a software architecture course for the involved stakeholders namely the researchers, the students, and the instructors. We also describe some guidelines for planning and executing experiments as a part of a software engineering course.
Optimal local warp model for image stitching

Geometrical warp model for alignment is a key issue in image stitching. For robustness, most of the commercial tools for stitching use global parametric warps to bring image into alignment, which is suitable for ideal imaging conditions that the images to be stitched differ purely by rotation or the imaged scene is purely planar. When such conditions are violated alignment artifacts or “ghosting” will appear in the final result which leads to unconvincing visual effect. For this reason, J. Zaragoza et al[1] proposed a local homography based registration warp model which reduces the alignment error and improve the stitching quality greatly. But we find that this model is in general not optimal mainly due to the involved parameters is same for all positions in the stitched images. In this paper, we propose an optimal local warp model in which the parameters for computing the local warp model are location dependent. Experiment results verified that our model obtained a more accurate alignment; hence the final stitching quality is improved.
The Mindfulness Solution: Everyday Practices for Everyday Problems

Preface I. Why Mindfulness Matters 1. Life Is Difficult, for Everyone 2. Mindfulness: A Solution 3. Learning to Practice Mindfulness 4. Building a Mindful Life II. Everyday Practices for Unruly Minds, Bodies, and Relationships 5. Befriending Fear: Working with Worry and Anxiety 6. Entering the Dark Places: Seeing Sadness and Depression in a New Light 7. Beyond Managing Symptoms: Transforming Pain and Stress-Related Medical Problems 8. Living the Full Catastrophe: Mindfulness for Romance, Parenting, and Other Intimate Relationships 9. Breaking Bad Habits: Learning to Make Good Choices 10. Growing Up Isn't Easy: Changing Your Relationship with Aging, Illness, and Death 11. What's Next? The Promise of Mindfulness When You Need More Help: How to Find a Therapist Resources
Perineural invasion as a predictor of biochemical outcome following radical prostatectomy for select men with clinically localized prostate cancer.

PURPOSE The presence of perineural invasion on the prostate needle biopsy specimen has been suggested to be an independent predictor of prostate specific antigen (PSA) outcome following radical prostatectomy. We evaluated the clinical use of perineural invasion at biopsy for predicting time to PSA failure following radical prostatectomy after controlling for established prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective evaluation using a Cox regression multivariate analysis of 750 men with clinically localized or PSA detected prostate cancer was performed to evaluate the ability of PSA, biopsy Gleason score, perineural invasion on the needle biopsy specimen and the percent of positive prostate biopsies to predict PSA outcome following radical prostatectomy. RESULTS Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of perineural invasion on the needle biopsy specimen provided additional information regarding 5-year PSA outcome (82% versus 95%, p = 0.04) for patients who were in the low risk group. This difference in PSA outcome could be explained by higher rates of positive surgical margins (25% versus 17%, p = 0.07). Patients whose prostate needle biopsy contained perineural invasion and who had the corresponding neurovascular bundle resected had a significantly lower positive margin rate (11% versus 100%, p = 0.001) compared to those who had the neurovascular bundle spared. The presence of perineural invasion on biopsy was not a significant predictor of PSA outcome following radical prostatectomy for patients in the intermediate or high risk group. CONCLUSIONS Resection of the neurovascular bundle on the side corresponding to location of perineural invasion on the biopsy may decrease the positive surgical margin rate and improve outcome for low risk patients.
RISK TAKING IN SIMULATED ENVIRONMENTS: EVIDENCE RELEVANT TO RISK HOMEOSTASIS THEORY

In this paper the authors argue that simulators are a useful and valid environment for conducting research into RHT (risk homeostasis theory). They consider that simulators offer significant advantages over studies conducted in natural settings. First, simulator studies are able to benefit from all of the advantages normally associated with laboratory research, such as control over independent variables, limitation on the number of independent variables, control over environmental variables, control over participants' behaviour, event sampling at choice, construction of complete experimental designs, choice of representative or random samples, systematic manipulation of variables, systematic development of a series of studies eliminating specified sources of variability, simplification of data to a level manageable by existing theoretical power, partitioning of subject effects, systematisation of error, capacity for repeated longitudinal measurement over time, planning in advance and replication. Second, simulators are able to collapse experience, thus enabling feed-back to participants to occur over a very short time scale. The authors suggest that the reason compensation can take years may simply be a function of delayed feed-back. Finally, they believe that they have demonstrated that people can only compensate for changes in the levels of extrinsic risk when they are free to exercise a high degree of personal choice over their risk taking behaviours (Stanton & Glendon, 1996). For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896859.
Stability of networked systems: A multi-scale approach using contraction

This paper is concerned with the stability of networked control systems. Using contraction theory, a result is established on the network structure and the properties of the individual component subsystems and their couplings to ensure the overall contractivity of the entire network. Specifically, it is shown that a contraction property on a reduced-order matrix that quantifies the interconnection structure, coupled with contractivity/expansion estimates on the individual component subsystems, suffices to ensure that nearby trajectories of the overall system converge towards each other. The paper also describes a relative contraction result of interest in synchronization problems.
Exact spectra analysis of sampled signals with jitter-induced nonuniformly holding effects

The timing-mismatch/jitter effects in time-interleaved (TI) systems have been traditionally characterized by digital spectra analysis of nonuniformly sampled signals; however, the nature of that output with sample-and-hold (SH) effects has not yet been well established. This paper will present a complete analysis of signal spectra for general TI systems with practical nonuniformly holding outputs imposed by timing-jitter effects. The analysis reveals first the extra spectra representation for different forms of nonuniformly holding signals and then their closed-form expressions of signal-to-noise-and-distortion-ratio (SINAD), in terms of the number of channels, signal frequency, and jitter errors. Such analysis describes both the timing mismatches imposed by random clock-jitter and fixed periodic clock-skew. MATLAB simulation results confirm the accuracy of the derived formula. Finally, such timing effects and the effectiveness of the formula will be demonstrated through the comparison of calculated and simulated results, as well as in some examples of measured data also, obtained from several practical integrated circuit (IC) applications, including a very high-speed data converter, analog front-end (AFE) filtering and an IF sampled-data radio filter.
Detection of Arrhythmia beats by artificial neural network in ECG singals

There are fragments in the heart can attributed to innate or diseases that can be seen during the lifetime. As a common term “Arrhythmia” is the name of diseases that anomaly rhythmic work of the heart that result from the various disorders. Electrocardiography is frequently still using by clinics to detect these rhythm disorders. The system base on computers is utilized to minimize interference failures when interpreting. Main goal of this study is by gathering well obtained arguments bases on Computer Aied Systems of patients ECG outputs to detect, evaluate and ensure true diagnosis of arhtyms. The ECG signal datas are studied by scientists in order to determine of feature. As a result of the study with 81.2183 accuracy, 0.446 kappa statistical value, 0,739 AUROC value, 0,807 F criterion value were obtained from the features.
A wireless sensor network coverage optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and Voronoi diagram

The coverage problem is a crucial issue in wireless sensor networks (WSN), where a high coverage rate ensures a high quality of service of the WSN. This paper proposes a new algorithm to optimize sensor coverage using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Voronoi diagram. PSO is used to find the optimal deployment of the sensors that gives the best coverage while Voronoi diagram is used to evaluate the fitness of the solution. The algorithm is evaluated through simulation in different WSN. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a good coverage with a better time efficiency.
Examining the Antecedents and Consequences of CIO Strategic Decision-Making Authority: An Empirical Study

Despite the strategic importance of information technology (IT) to contemporary firms, chief information officers (CIO) often still have varying degrees of strategic decision-making authority. In this study, we apply the theory of managerial discretion to define CIO strategic decision-making authority and argue that the CIO's level of strategic decision-making authority directly influences IT's contribution to organization performance. We also draw on the power and politics perspective in the strategic decision-making literature to identify the direct antecedents to the CIO's strategic decision-making authority. A theoretical model is presented and empirically tested using survey data collected from a cross-industry sample of 174 matched pairs of CIOs and top business executives through structural equation modeling. The results suggest that organizational climate, organizational support for IT, the CIO's structural power, the CIO's level of strategic effectiveness, and a strong partnership between the CIO and top management team directly influence the CIO's level of strategic decision-making authority within the organization. The results also suggest that the CIO's strategic decision-making authority in the organization directly influences the contribution of IT to firm performance and that effective CIOs have a greater influence on IT's contribution when provided with strategic decision-making authority.
User-Oriented and Content-Oriented Strategy in P2P IPTV System

IPTV systems are widely deployed worldwide nowadays. With the widespread use of P2P networks, the efficiency of the IPTV system is increasing gradually. The decrease of server resource consumption speeds up the deployment of IPTV system. But the enhancement of user experience didn't increase so fast as the system deployment. The channel switch delay in live streaming and data sharing rate on embedded VOD system is not so satisfactory. In this paper, we borrowed the idea of user behavior targeting in marketing, proposed a new idea of user-oriented and content-oriented approach for the P2P IPTV system. This new approach is proved to be effective after testing in a real IPTV system.
Automation and validation of micronucleus detection in the 3D EpiDerm™ human reconstructed skin assay and correlation with 2D dose responses

Recent restrictions on the testing of cosmetic ingredients in animals have resulted in the need to test the genotoxic potential of chemicals exclusively in vitro prior to licensing. However, as current in vitro tests produce some misleading positive results, sole reliance on such tests could prevent some chemicals with safe or beneficial exposure levels from being marketed. The 3D human reconstructed skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay is a promising new in vitro approach designed to assess genotoxicity of dermally applied compounds. The assay utilises a highly differentiated in vitro model of the human epidermis. For the first time, we have applied automated micronucleus detection to this assay using MetaSystems Metafer Slide Scanning Platform (Metafer), demonstrating concordance with manual scoring. The RSMN assay’s fixation protocol was found to be compatible with the Metafer, providing a considerably shorter alternative to the recommended Metafer protocol. Lowest observed genotoxic effect levels (LOGELs) were observed for mitomycin-C at 4.8 µg/ml and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) at 1750 µg/ml when applied topically to the skin surface. In-medium dosing with MMS produced a LOGEL of 20 µg/ml, which was very similar to the topical LOGEL when considering the total mass of MMS added. Comparisons between 3D medium and 2D LOGELs resulted in a 7-fold difference in total mass of MMS applied to each system, suggesting a protective function of the 3D microarchitecture. Interestingly, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a positive clastogen in 2D systems, tested negative in this assay. A non-genotoxic carcinogen, methyl carbamate, produced negative results, as expected. We also demonstrated expression of the DNA repair protein N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase in EpiDerm™. Our preliminary validation here demonstrates that the RSMN assay may be a valuable follow-up to the current in vitro test battery, and together with its automation, could contribute to minimising unnecessary in vivo tests by reducing in vitro misleading positives.
Incentivizing exploration

We study a Bayesian multi-armed bandit (MAB) setting in which a principal seeks to maximize the sum of expected time-discounted rewards obtained by pulling arms, when the arms are actually pulled by selfish and myopic individuals. Since such individuals pull the arm with highest expected posterior reward (i.e., they always exploit and never explore), the principal must incentivize them to explore by offering suitable payments. Among others, this setting models crowdsourced information discovery and funding agencies incentivizing scientists to perform high-risk, high-reward research. We explore the tradeoff between the principal's total expected time-discounted incentive payments, and the total time-discounted rewards realized. Specifically, with a time-discount factor γ ∈ (0,1), let OPT denote the total expected time-discounted reward achievable by a principal who pulls arms directly in a MAB problem, without having to incentivize selfish agents. We call a pair (ρ,b) ∈ [0,1]2 consisting of a reward ρ and payment b achievable if for every MAB instance, using expected time-discounted payments of at most b•OPT, the principal can guarantee an expected time-discounted reward of at least ρ•OPT. Our main result is an essentially complete characterization of achievable (payment, reward) pairs: if √b+√1-ρ>√γ, then (ρ,b) is achievable, and if √b+√1-ρ<√γ, then (ρ,b) is not achievable. In proving this characterization, we analyze so-called time-expanded policies, which in each step let the agents choose myopically with some probability p, and incentivize them to choose "optimally" with probability 1-p. The analysis of time-expanded policies leads to a question that may be of independent interest: If the same MAB instance (without selfish agents) is considered under two different time-discount rates γ > η, how small can the ratio of OPTη to OPTγ be? We give a complete answer to this question, showing that OPTη ≥ (1-γ)2/(1-η)2 • OPTγ, and that this bound is tight.
Real Cryptographic Protocol with an Insider Attacker : Improving Techniques for Proving Undecidability of Checking Security Goals

Existing undecidability proofs of checking secrecy of cryptographic protocols have the limitations of not considering protocols common in literature, which are in the form of communication sequences, since only protocols as non-matching roles are considered, and not considering an attacker who is an insider since only an outsider attacker is considered. Therefore the complexity of checking the realistic attacks, such as the attack to the public key Needham-Schroeder protocol, is unknown. The limitations have been observed independently and described similarly by Froschle in a recently published paper [1], where two open problems are posted. This paper investigates these limitations, and we present a generally applicable approach by reductions with novel features from the reachability problem of 2-counter machines, and we solve the two open problems. We also prove the undecidability of checking authentication which is the first detailed proof to the best of our knowledge. A unique feature of the proof is to directly address the secrecy and authentication goals as defined for the public key Needham-Schroeder protocol, whose attack has motivated many researches of formal verification of security protocols. This report covers our workshop paper [2] and provide more details of modeling and proofs. ∗Research supported in part by NSF grants CCF 0306475 and DUE 0313880.