Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theories on Mechanism of Action of Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a useful yet controversial mode of treatment. Despite being in use for over 70 years, its mechanism of action (MOA) is still not clearly understood. Various theories on MOA of ECT have been proposed over the years. These have included looking at psychological, neurophysiological, neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and neuropeptides mechanisms.An attempt is made here to review the existing literature on the MOA of ECT in a historical perspective. Various theories are discussed in context of the available pre-clinical and clinical research evidence with highlighting of the methodological issues and looking at the relevance of each theory.In summary, there is no single theory that satisfactorily explains the MOA of ECT in various psychiatric illnesses. The need for properly designed, ethically sound pre-clinical and clinical studies is highlighted (German J Psychiatry 2005; 8: 70-84).
Totally Disjoint Multipath Routing in Multihop Wireless Networks

Spreading traffic over multiple paths has been shown to enhance network performance compared to single path routing. However, the route coupling effect specific to wireless environments (consequent to the shared transmission medium) can significantly reduce the benefits of such an approach. In this paper, we focus on the 2-path routing problem in a non-mobile and non energy-constrained network. We evaluate the network performance and the effect of interference in a single source-destination pair scenario and for multiple source-destinations pairs. In the former case, we provide an analytical evaluation of the throughput and propose a position-based algorithm to iteratively find a path between a source and a destination. In the latter case, we demonstrate how interference can significantly degrade the nominal network capacity and void the benefits of multipath routing.
Image classification using L-GEM based RBFNN with local feature keypoints and MPEG-7 descriptors

Image with MPEG-7 descriptors as features may loss local details. In this work, we combine MPEG-7 descriptors with local feature key points to cover both global and local image characteristics. Images are classified by a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) trained via a minimization of Localized Generalization Error Model (L-GEM). In this paper, we extract local feature key points by the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). Four color and three texture MPEG-7 descriptors are extracted. Experimental results show that the introduction of local feature key points effectively improves the testing accuracy of image classification.
Improving Search by Extending Tags According to Recommendation Level and Combinations of Types

As the collaborative tagging systems such as Delicious, Flickr and Last. fm become more and more popular, a large amount of resources produced by publishers, together with rich semantic metadata, become available. There are lots of ways to make use of tag information and so far the most discussed usage is for searching. The distribution of tag types differs greatly across different systems. Also the distribution shows large difference between publishers and searchers. In order to expand tags of resources for publishers and keywords for searchers reasonable, this paper shows a comparison of the distributions of both kinds of users and proposes an approach which could calculate the recommendation level of types. The level of types could be used to describe whether the type is valuable to the corresponding users. The distribution of different combination of types has also been investigated, and with such information we analysed the most popular combination of types in query log across different collections. We compare the searching accuracy on original datasets against the datasets with resources after being expanded tags by our proposed methods. Experimental results show that our method could improve searching accuracy.
Autodisplay: Functional Display of Active β-Lactamase on the Surface of Escherichia coli by the AIDA-I Autotransporter

ABSTRACT Members of the protein family of immunoglobulin A1 protease-like autotransporters comprise multidomain precursors consisting of a C-terminal autotransporter domain that promotes the translocation of N-terminally attached passenger domains across the cell envelopes of gram-negative bacteria. Several autotransporter domains have recently been shown to efficiently promote the export of heterologous passenger domains, opening up an effective tool for surface display of heterologous proteins. Here we report on the autotransporter domain of the Escherichia coli adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I), which was genetically fused to the C terminus of the periplasmic enzyme β-lactamase, leading to efficient expression of the fusion protein in E. coli. The β-lactamase moiety of the fusion protein was presented on the bacterial surface in a stable manner, and the surface-located β-lactamase was shown to be enzymatically active. Enzymatic activity was completely removed by protease treatment, indicating that surface display of β-lactamase was almost quantitative. The periplasmic domain of the outer membrane protein OmpA was not affected by externally added proteases, demonstrating that the outer membranes of E. coli cells expressing the β-lactamase AIDA-I fusion protein remained physiologically intact.
Stable versus Layered Logic Program Semantics

For practical applications, the use of top-down query-driven proofprocedures is convenient for an efficient use and computation of answers using Logic Programs as knowledge bases. Additionally, abductive reasoning on demand is intrinsically a top-down search method. A 2-valued semantics for Normal Logic Programs (NLPs) allowing for top-down query-solving is thus highly desirable, but the Stable Models semantics (SM) does not allow it, for lack of the relevance property. To overcome this limitation we introduced in [24], and review here, a new 2-valued semantics for NLPs — the Layer Supported Models semantics — which conservatively extends the SM semantics, enjoys relevance and cumulativity, guarantees model existence, and respects the Well-Founded Model. In this paper we also exhibit a transformation, TR, from one propositional NLP into another, whose Layer Supported Models are precisely the Stable Models of the transform, which can then be computed by extant Stable Model implementations, providing a tool for the immediate generalized use of the new semantics and its applications. In the context of abduction in Logic Programs, when finding an abductive solution for a query, one may want to check too whether some other literals become true (or false) as a consequence, strictly within the abductive solution found, that is without performing additional abductions, and without having to produce a complete model to do so. That is, such consequence literals may consume, but not produce, the abduced literals of the solution. To accomplish this mechanism, we present the concept of Inspection Point in Abductive Logic Programs, and show, by means of examples, how one can employ it to investigate side-effects of interest (the inspection points) in order to help choose among abductive solutions.
Emodin Induces Apoptotic Death in Murine Myelomonocytic Leukemia WEHI-3 Cells In Vitro and Enhances Phagocytosis in Leukemia Mice In Vivo

Emodin is one of major compounds in rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.), a plant used as herbal medicine in Chinese population. Although many reports have shown that emodin exhibits anticancer activity in many tumor cell types, there is no available information addressing emodin-affected apoptotic responses in the murine leukemia cell line (WEHI-3) and modulation of the immune response in leukemia mice. We investigated that emodin induced cytotoxic effects in vitro and affected WEHI-3 cells in vivo. This study showed that emodin decreased viability and induced DNA fragmentation in WEHI-3 cells. Cells after exposure to emodin for 24 h have shown chromatin condensation and DNA damage. Emodin stimulated the productions of ROS and Ca2+ and reduced the level of ΔΨm by flow cytometry. Our results from Western blotting suggest that emodin triggered apoptosis of WEHI-3 cells through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caspase cascade-dependent and -independent mitochondrial pathways. In in vivo study, emodin enhanced the levels of B cells and monocytes, and it also reduced the weights of liver and spleen compared with leukemia mice. Emodin promoted phagocytic activity by monocytes and macrophages in comparison to the leukemia mice group. In conclusions, emodin induced apoptotic death in murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells and enhanced phagocytosis in the leukemia animal model.
Storage-Based Intrusion Detection

Storage-based intrusion detection consists of storage systems watching for and identifying data access patterns characteristic of system intrusions. Storage systems can spot several common intruder actions, such as adding backdoors, inserting Trojan horses, and tampering with audit logs. For example, examination of 18 real intrusion tools reveals that most (15) can be detected based on their changes to stored files. Further, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) embedded in a storage device continues to operate even after client operating systems are compromised. We describe and evaluate a prototype storage IDS, built into a disk emulator, to demonstrate both feasibility and efficiency of storage-based intrusion detection. In particular, both the performance overhead (< 1%) and memory required (1.62MB for 13995 rules) are minimal.
Data Type Integration for Protein Identification using Kernel Based Classification Methods

The integrated biological data is expected to obtain a higher exactness, better performance and greater robustness compared to single dataset. In this work, we present data integration using kernel-based approach to identify protein class in yeast, ribosomal proteins and membrane proteins. By using intermediate stage of integration, we change the single data source into kernel matrix format. Kernel weighting was used in the establishment of integrated data. We propose three weighting methods approach i.e. KTA (Kernel Target Alignment), FSM (Feature Space-based kernel matrix evaluation Measure), and AI (Alignment Index). We also perform the combination of these three methods. These integrated kernels will be analyzed using Support Vector Machine (SVM). Our proposed data integration methods achieve a higher performance compared to single data source. KTA is the best kernel weighting measurement method and always obtain a better performance to recognize membrane and ribosomal proteins classes than others.
Understanding the relative impacts of natural processes and human activities on the hydrology of the Central Rift Valley lakes, East Africa

Significant changes have been observed in the hydrology of Central Rift Valley (CRV) lakes in Ethiopia, East Africa as a result of both natural processes and human activities during the past three decades. This study applied an integrated approach (remote sensing, hydrologic modelling, and statistical analysis) to understand the relative effects of natural processes and human activities over a sparsely gauged CRV basin. Lake storage estimates were calculated from a hydrologic model constructed without inputs from human impacts such as water abstraction and compared with satellite‐based (observed) lake storage measurements to characterize the magnitude of human‐induced impacts. A non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test was used to detect the presence of climatic trends (e.g. a decreasing or increasing trends in precipitation), while the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) analysis was used to assess the long‐term, inter‐annual climate variability within the basin. Results indicate human activities (e.g. abstraction) significantly contributed to the changes in the hydrology of the lakes, while no statistically significant climatic trend was seen in the basin, however inter‐annual natural climate variability, extreme dryness, and prolonged drought has negatively affected the lakes. The relative contributions of natural and human‐induced impacts on the lakes were quantified and evaluated by comparing hydrographs of the CRV lakes. Lake Abiyata has lost ~6.5 m in total lake height between 1985 and 2006, 70% (~4.5 m) of the loss has been attributed to human‐induced causes, whereas the remaining 30% is related to natural climate variability. The relative impact analysis utilized in this study could potentially be used to better plan and create effective water‐management practices in the basin and demonstrates the utility of this integrated methodology for similar studies assessing the relative natural and human‐induced impacts on lakes in data sparse areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Dirty-Block Index

On-chip caches maintain multiple pieces of metadata about each cached block-e.g., dirty bit, coherence information, ECC. Traditionally, such metadata for each block is stored in the corresponding tag entry in the tag store. While this approach is simple to implement and scalable, it necessitates a full tag store lookup for any metadata query-resulting in high latency and energy consumption. We find that this approach is in efficient and inhibits several cache optimizations. In this work, we propose a new way of organizing the dirty bit information that enables simpler and more efficient implementations of several optimizations. In our proposed approach, we remove the dirty bits from the tag store and organize it differently in a separate structure, which we call the Dirty-Block Index (DBI). The organization of DBI is simple: it consists of multiple entries, each corresponding to some row in DRAM. A bit vector in each entry tracks whether or not each block in the corresponding DRAM row is dirty. We demonstrate the benefits of DBI by using it to simultaneously and efficiently implement three optimizations proposed by prior work: 1) Aggressive DRAM-aware writeback, 2) Bypassing cache lookups, and 3) Heterogeneous ECC for clean/dirty blocks. DBI, with all three optimizations enabled, improves performance by 31% compared to the baseline (by 6% compared to the best previous mechanism) while reducing overall cache area cost by 8% compared to prior approaches.
HSF1 is required for extra‐embryonic development, postnatal growth and protection during inflammatory responses in mice

HSF1 is the major heat shock transcriptional factor that binds heat shock element (HSE) in the promoter of heat shock proteins (Hsps) and controls rapid Hsp induction in cells subjected to various environmental stresses. Although at least four members of the vertebrate HSF family have been described, details of their individual physiological roles remain relatively obscure. To assess whether HSF1 exhibited redundant or unique in vivo functions, we created Hsf1−/− deficient mice. We demonstrate that homozygous Hsf1−/− mice can survive to adulthood but exhibit multiple phenotypes including: defects of the chorioallantoic placenta and prenatal lethality; growth retardation; female infertility; elimination of the ‘classical’ heat shock response; and exaggerated tumor necrosis factor alpha production resulting in increased mortality after endotoxin challenge. Because basal Hsp expression is not altered appreciably by the HSF1 null mutation, our findings suggest that this factor, like Drosophila Hsf protein, might be involved in regulating other important genes or signaling pathways. Our results establish direct causal effects for the HSF1 transactivator in regulating critical physiological events during extra‐embryonic development and under pathological conditions such as sepsis to modulate pro‐inflammatory responses, indicating that these pathways have clinical importance as therapeutic targets in humans.
SECURITY CHALLENGES AND CRYPTOGRAPHY IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Embedded systems now days are integral part of our lives. They are used for various industrial automation purposes, service oriented applications like power, water distribution, healthcare and low cost systems like smart cards and PDA’s. Today, already more than 98% of all manufactured microprocessors are employed in embedded applications rather than in traditional personal computers. Embedded processors are already an integral part of many communications devices and their importance will continue to increase. Embedded systems exchange data and information both locally and globally using networking and wireless communication, thus making them vulnerable to various kinds of active and passive attacks. In this paper we provide an overview of the security requirements, security challenges and need of light weight cryptography in embedded systems.
Dietary induction of some enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism during 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding.

Summary The dietary induction of the rat liver enzymes glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and citric cleavage enzyme in 3-day-fasted rats before and after a 27-hour refeeding period with 30% protein diet was investigated in rats fed a grain diet or the same diet containing 0.03% 2-acetylaminofluorene. The metabolic responses of all the enzymes studied was found to be absent in the animals fed the carcinogenic diet for 2–4 weeks; the responses of each of these enzymes in the control animals remained normal. The chronic administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene appeared to increase the base level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; the base level of no other enzyme investigated appeared to be affected by either the control or the carcinogen-containing diet. The data indicate that the normal metabolic responses of these enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were lost in the livers of rats fed 2-acetylaminofluorene. This loss of response is markedly similar to the absence of the control mechanisms of the same enzymes in certain hepatomas and of the amino acid-metabolizing enzymes in the livers of carcinogen-fed rats.
Emerging Concepts of Regulation of Angiotensin II Receptors: New Players and Targets for Traditional Receptors

Angiotensin (Ang) II exerts its important physiological functions through 2 distinct receptor subtypes, type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors. Recently, new evidence has accumulated showing the existence of several novel receptor interacting proteins and various angiotensin II receptor activation mechanisms beyond the classical actions of receptors for Ang II. These associated proteins could contribute not only to Ang II receptors' functions, but also to influencing pathophysiological states. Receptor dimerization of Ang II receptors such as homodimer, heterodimer, and complex formation with other G protein-coupled receptors has also been focused on as a new mechanism of their activation or inactivation. Moreover, ligand-independent receptor activation systems such as mechanical stretch for the AT1 receptor have also been revealed. These emerging concepts of regulation of Ang II receptors and a new insight into future drug discovery are discussed in this review.
RAPID LABORATORY EVOLUTION OF ADULT LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE

Three replicate lines of Drosophila melanogaster were cultured at each of two temperatures (16.5°C and 25°C) in population cages for 4 yr. The lifespans of both sexes and the fecundity and fertility of the females were then measured at both experimental temperatures. The characters showed evidence of adaptation; flies of both sexes from each selection regime showed higher longevity, and females showed higher fecundity and fertility, than flies from the other selection regime when they were tested at the experimental temperature at which they had evolved. Calculation of intrinsic rates of increase under different assumptions about the rate of population increase showed that the difference between the lines from the two selection regimes became less the higher the rate of population increase, because the lines were more similar in early adulthood than they were later. Despite the increased adaptation of the low‐temperature lines to the low temperature, like the high temperature lines they produced progeny at a higher rate at the higher temperature. The lines may have independently evolved adaptations to their respective thermal regimes during the experiment, or there may have been a trade‐off between adaptation to the two temperatures, or mutation pressure may have lowered adaptation to the temperature that the flies no longer encountered.
Future of Ultra-Dense Networks Beyond 5G: Harnessing Heterogeneous Moving Cells

For the past 40 years, the cellular industry has been relying on static radio access deployments with gross over-provisioning. However, to meet the exponentially growing volumes of irregular data, the very notion of a cell will have to be rethought to allow them be (re-)configured on-demand and in an automated manner. This work puts forward a vision of moving networks to match dynamic user demand with network access supply in beyond-5G cellular systems. The resulting adaptive and flexible network infrastructures will leverage intelligent capable devices (e.g., cars and drones) by employing appropriate user involvement schemes. This work is a recollection of our efforts in this space with the goal to contribute a comprehensive research agenda. Particular attention is paid to quantifying the network performance scaling and session continuity gains with ultra-dense moving cells. Our findings argue for non-incremental benefits of integrating moving access points on a par with conventional (static) cellular access infrastructure.
Solving Polynomial Systems By Matrix Computations

Two main approaches are used, nowadays, to compute the roots of a zero-dimensional polynomial system. The rst one involves Grrbner basis computation, and applies to any zero-dimensional system. But, it is performed with exact arithmetic and, usually, big numbers appear during the computation. The other approach is based on resultant formulations and can be performed with oating point arithmetic. However , it applies only to generic situations, leading to singular problems in several systems coming from robotics and computational vision, for instance. In this paper, reinvestigating the resultant approach from the linear algebra point of view, we present a new algorithm, for computing the roots even in the non-generic cases. We analyze 3 types of resultant formulations, transform them in eigenvector problems, and apply special linear algebra operations on the matrix pencils, in order to reduce the root computation to a non-singular eigenvector problem.