Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ Formation of HfN/HfSiON Gate Stacks with 0.5 nm Equivalent Oxide Thickness Utilizing Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Sputtering on Three-Dimensional Si Structures

In situ formation of HfN/HfSiON gate stacks on three-dimensional (3D) Si structures using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering method was investigated. The conditions of postdeposition annealing (PDA) of in situ formed HfN/HfSiON were optimized to suppress reactions occurring at the interfaces of the gate stack structures for realizing a small equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), low leakage current, and a low density of interface state (Dit). It was found that 600 °C/15 s was a suitable condition of PDA of the HfN/HfSiON/p-Si(100) structure to decrease Dit and hysteresis width in the capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristic. The EOT and Dit of HfN/HfSiON/p-Si(100) annealed at 600 °C were 0.5 nm and an order of 1011 cm-2 eV-1, respectively. Furthermore, an excellent C–V characteristic of the HfN/HfSiON gate stack annealed at 600 °C was obtained even on 3D Si structures, and the EOT was as small as 0.53 nm.
Error Process Indexed by Bandwidth Matrices in Multivariate Local Linear Smoothing

We focus on nonparametric multivariate regression function estimation by locally weighted least squares. The asymptotic behavior for a sequence of error processes indexed by bandwidth matrices is derived. We discuss feasible data-driven consistent estimators minimizing asymptotic mean squared error or efficient estimators reducing asymptotic bias at points where opposite sign curvatures of the regression function are present in different directions.
Three-dimensional two-photon lithography: an enabling technology for photonic wire bonding and multi-chip integration

Photonic wire bonding exploits three-dimensional (3D) two-photon lithography to fabricate single-mode connections between nanophotonic circuits that are located on different chips. The shape of the photonic wire bonds can be adjusted to the positions of the chips such that high-precision alignment becomes obsolete. The technique enables photonic multi-chip modules that combine the strengths of different optical integration platforms.
Impact of indium surface segregation on optical properties of ultrathin InGaN/GaN quantum wells

We investigate theoretically the influence of indium surface segregation in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells on its optical properties. Obtained results show that the influence of the surface segregation on the dipole matrix element is not equal for all optical transition. This effect results from the joint action of the piezoelectric polarization and indium surface segregation which change selection rules. Quantum well structures having different indium amount are analyzed and found that the influence of the indium surface segregation on absorption spectra is more pronounced in quantum well structures with high indium amount.
LPS-induced Hypotension in Pregnancy: The Effect of Progesterone Supplementation.

Our previous work has shown that pregnancy exacerbates the hypotensive response to both infection and LPS. The high levels of progesterone (P4) associated with pregnancy have been suggested to be responsible for the pregnancy-induced changes in the cardiovascular response to infection. Here, we test the hypothesis that P4 supplementation exacerbates the hypotensive response of the maternal cardiovascular to LPS.Female CD1 mice had radiotelemetry probes implanted to measure haemodynamic function non-invasively and were time-mated. From day 14 of pregnancy, mice received either 10 mg of P4 or vehicle alone per day and on day 16, intraperitoneal LPS (10 μg of serotype 0111:B4) was injected. In two identically treated cohorts of mice, tissue and serum (for RNA, protein studies) were collected at 6 and 12 hours.Administration of LPS resulted in a fall in blood pressure in vehicle treated, but not P4 supplemented mice. This occurred with similar changes in the circulating levels of cytokines, vasoactive factors and in both circulating and tissue inflammatory cell numbers, but with reduced left ventricular expression of cytokines in P4-supplemented mice. However, left ventricular expression of markers of cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis were similar.This study demonstrates that P4 supplementation prevented LPS-induced hypotension in pregnant mice in association with reduced myocardial inflammatory cytokine gene expression. These observations suggest that rather than being detrimental, P4 supplementation has a protective effect on the maternal cardiovascular response to sepsis.
Lithium in halo stars from standard stellar evolution

A grid has been constructed of theoretical evolution sequences of models for low-metallicity stars from the premain-sequence to the giant branch phases. The grid is used to study the history of surface Li abundance during standard stellar evolution. The Li-7 observations of halo stars by Spite and Spite (1982) and subsequent observations are synthesized to separate the halo stars by age. The theory of surface Li abundance is illustrated by following the evolution of a reference halo star model from the contracting fully convective premain sequence to the giant branch phase. The theoretical models are compared with observed Li abundances. The results show that the halo star lithium abundances can be explained in the context of standard stellar evolution theory using completely standard assumptions and physics. 145 refs.
Optical second harmonic generation from the twin boundary of ZnO thin films grown on silicon

The symmetry of the twin boundaries of ZnO epitaxial film was detected with reflective second harmonic generation (RSHG). The twin boundaries exhibit mirror symmetry with a polar configuration across the boundary plane and yield a nonvanishing polar contribution to RSHG. The nonvanishing second-order susceptibility supports the notion that the measured RSHG originates from the planar defect, which depends on the residual stress in the thin film. We analyzed our RSHG result by correlating the macroscopic data from optic probe with the microscopic data from tunneling electron microscope.
Optical add/drop filters using two-dimensional photonic crystals

Optical add/drop filters using two-dimensional photonic crystals (PC’s) are presented for different designs. In-plane channel add/drop filter composed of two waveguides and an optical resonator system is very compact, but sensitive to the losses. While add/drop filter based on a contra-directional PC waveguide coupler is much more robust to the losses, and reasonable compactness is possible with careful designs. The possibility to utilize the PC dispersion properties to design optical filters is also discussed briefly.
Low-power optical switching with Kerr nonlinear material in two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavity

We investigate numerically optical bistability in direct-coupled cavity–waveguide photonic crystal system using the finite-difference time-domain method. The quality factor of the cavity is optimized by engineering the geometrical parameters. Numerical results indicate that the threshold power of optical bistability can be reduced greatly due to the increased quality factor.
Turbulently generated magnetic fields in clusters of galaxies

The typical scale and velocity of the dominant, turbulent eddies excited by the motion of galaxies in clusters are determined from basic considerations which are valid if a steady state is attained. Hydrodynamic turbulence in the intracluster plasma presumably generates magnetic fields; our estimates of the typical scale and mean strength of these fields in cluster cores are about 10 kpc and at most a few 10 −7 G. Implications of fields with these properties on the detectability of diffuse hard X-ray emission from clusters, and on transport properties in the intracluster space, are discussed
Dynamics of Electron-Induced Manipulation of Individual CO Molecules on Cu(111)

Electrons tunneling from a scanning tunneling microscope tip to individual CO molecules on Cu(111) can cause their hopping from the surface to the tip if the bias exceeds a threshold of 2.4 V. Polarization- and time-resolved two-photon photoemission identifies the underlying elementary process as intermediate population of a CO $2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$-derived level, which exhibits an ultrashort lifetime of 0.8\char21{}5 fs. From an isotope effect of ${2.7}_{\ensuremath{-}0.5}^{+0.3}$ it can be calculated that $\ensuremath{\approx}0.05%$ of the tunneling current transiently occupies this level while a desorption of the excited molecule occurs only in $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ of the cases.
Stable and unitary vector bundles on a compact Riemann surface

Let X be a compact Riemann surface of genus g _ 2. A holomorphic vector bundle on X is said to be unitary if it arises from a unitary representation of the fundamental group of X. We prove in this paper that on the space of isomorphic classes of unitary vector bundles on X of a given rank, there is a natural structure of a normal projective variety (Theorem 8.1). We recall that Mumford has proved that, on the space of (isomorphic classes) stable vector bundles on X of a given rank and degree, there is a natural structure of a non-singular quasi-projective variety (cf. [7]); further, it was proved in [9] that a vector bundle on X of degree zero is stable if and only if it is associated to an irreducible unitary representation of the fundamental group of X. Thus our result shows the existence of a canonical compactification (as an algebraic variety) of the space of stable bundles on X of a given rank and degree zero. We shall now give a brief outline of the proof. It consists in a refinement of the proof of Mumford for the existence of a natural structure of a quasiprojective variety on the space of stable bundles of a given rank and degree (loc. cit.). Let us fix a very ample invertible sheaf OX(1) on X; then if m is a positive integer which is sufficiently large, we have H'(V(m)) 0 0 and H0( V(m)) generates V(m) for any Ve Or,, where Or, stands for the category of unitary vector bundles on X of rank r. Then the rank of H0(V(m)) is the same whatever be V e OR9; let this be p. The Hilbert polynomial of V(m), is also the same whatever be V e OR,; let this be P. Let Q = Quot(E/P) be the scheme in the sense of Grothendieck; E being the free coherent sheaf of rank p on X (cf. [4]). Let R be the open subscheme of Q consisting of the points which represent quotients of E which are locally free, and whose sections can be canonically identified with H0(E). Thus one has a family of vector bundles {Fq}qeR on X such that every Fq can be canonically considered as a quotient vector bundle of the trivial bundle E on X of rank p. The linear group G = Aut E acts on Q, and R is a G-invariant subscheme; further given V e Or there is a q e R such that Fq V, and the set of such points q con-
Robustness of Selection Procedures

In the article Bechhofers Indifference-zone formulation for selecting the t populations with the t highest means is considered in a set of non-normal distributions. Selection rules based on the sample mean, the 10% and the 20% trimmed means, two estimators proposed by Tiku (1981) for valuating the smallest and highest accepted sample values higher, the sample median and a linear combination of quantile estimators, two adaptive procedures and a ranksum procedure are investigated in a large scale simulation experiment in respect of their robustness against deviations from an assumed distribution. Robustness is understood as a small percentage of the difference βA-β between the actual probability of incorrect selection βA and the nominal β-value. We obtained a relatively good robustness for the classical sample mean selection rule and useful derivations for the employment of other selection rules in an area of practical importance.
Effect of ionic size on the orbital ordering transition in RMnO3+δ

We present high-temperature powder x-ray diffraction data of the orbital-order-induced structural distortion of RMnO3, with R a rare earth element. The associated phase transition takes place in a temperature interval of ≈200 K in which the orbitally ordered phase and the orbitally disordered phase coexist. We analyse the evolution of the RMnO3 perovskite structure with the size of the rare-earth ion and with temperature. We show that the rotation of the MnO6 octahedra stabilizes the cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion to higher temperature.
Outpatient talc administration via indwelling pleural catheters for malignant effusions.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Malignant pleural effusion is a common cause of breathlessness and signifies advanced disease. Common options for definitive pleural intervention include insertion of an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) or talc pleurodesis. RECENT FINDINGS Administration of graded talc through an IPC offers an increased chance of pleurodesis compared with IPC drainage alone and is not associated with a significant risk of adverse events. SUMMARY In patients where an ambulatory treatment pathway is preferred, the increased chance of pleurodesis with talc administration via IPC can result in a faster time to device removal and may be associated with better quality of life and symptom scores.
A high stability and low drift atomic force microscope

Impressed by the high resolution and easy operation of the new generation scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs), we built a pocket‐size high‐stability atomic force microscope (AFM) with deflection measurement by tunneling. It was our aim to reach high mechanical and thermal stability of the tunnel junction as well as full compatibility with our existing STM system. Our first AFM scanhead, designed for large scan ranges up to 15 μm, stably measured an artificial grid structure on SiO2, reproducibly showing details of less than 1 nm in size. On this well‐defined sample we compared constant force with variable deflection measurements.
High-resolution CCD spectra of stars in globular clusters. VII : Abundances of 16 elements in 47 Tuc, M4, and M22

We have derived elemental abundances from high-resolution CCD echelle spectra of a selection of giant stars in the globular clusters 47 Tuc, M4, and M22. Elements determined include the α elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti, the light odd-Z elements Na and Al, the iron-peak elements Sc, Fe, and Zn; the s-process elements Y, Zr, Ba, and La, and the r-process element Eu. The α elements are slightly overabundant with respect to Fe, indistinguishable from the trend in the field halo stars. However, the globular cluster stars in our sample show strong excesses of Na and Al which are correlated with the C and N abundances: We confirm that the CN-Na, Al correlations in globular clusters are due to abundance anomalies
Investigation of hole injection enhancement by MoO3 buffer layer in organic light emitting diodes

An MoO{sub 3} buffer layer prepared by thermal evaporation as hole injection layer was investigated in organic light emitting diodes. The MoO{sub 3} film inserted between the anode and hole transport layer decreased the operating voltage and enhanced power efficiency. Introduction of 1 nm MoO{sub 3} film, which was found to be the optimum layer thickness, resulted in 45% increase in efficiency compared with traditional ITO anode. Results from atomic force microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy showed that smooth surface morphology and suitable energy level alignment of ITO/MoO{sub 3} interface facilitated hole injection and transport. The hole injection and transport mechanism at the ITO/MoO{sub 3} interface in thin and thick buffer layers were analyzed.
Nonlinear Active Vibration Control of Piezoelastic Laminated Plates Considering Interfacial Damage Effects

In this paper, the coupling of the direct and converse piezoelectric effects of the piezoelectric layers treated as sensor and actuator is considered, and a nonlinear active vibration control model for cross-ply piezoelastic laminated plates containing the damage effect of the intra-layer materials and inter-laminar interfaces is presented. The model is based on the general six-degrees-of-freedom plate theory and Von Karman-type of nonlinear strains. For the interfacial conditions, interfacial shear slip modeling between layers is introduced, which is depicted by three shape functions and interfacial damage variables. By using the Hamilton variation principle and the simple negative velocity feedback control algorithm, the active control of damping is derived to the nonlinear dynamic equations and used to actively control the vibration response of the plate. In numerical examples for simply supported laminated plates, this model is validated by comparison with existing results documented in the literature.
Distances to five nearby southern galaxy clusters and the absolute motion of the Local Group

Les redshifts et les dispersions de vitesse centrale derives d'observations avec le systeme a fibres optique AATS sont presentes pour les amase de galaxies Abell 194, Hydra, Centaurus, Pavo II et Klemola 44. Les distances relatives a ces amas sont derivees de l'application de la relation D-6. Ces distances sont ensuite utilisees pour tester la realite du modele du Grand Attracteur et determiner le mouvement relatif du Groupe local par rapport aux amas riches
Euler characteristics for one‐relator products of groups

We calculate Euler characteristics for one‐relator products of groups G = (G1 * G2)/N(Rm) under certain conditions on the form of R and the value of m. As special cases, we study one‐relator products of cyclics and recover and generalize results of Fine, Rosenberger and Stille. As corollaries to our main results, we give a necessary condition for G to admit a faithful, discrete representation to PSL(2, ℂ) of finite covolume. In particular, we generalize a result of Hagelberg, Maclachlan and Rosenberger, from the context of generalized triangle groups to that of one‐relator products induced by generalized triangle groups. This provides an answer to a question of Fine and Rosenberger. In deriving our Euler characteristic results we study relators Rm with a ‘multiply exceptional form’, and establish a connection with a class of orbifolds studied by Jones and Reid.
Stability of non-linear delay systems: Delay-independent small gain theorem and frequency domain interpretation of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method

The purpose of this note is to study the relationship between a certain stability criterion for non-linear delay systems, obtained via the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, and a delay-independent version of the small gain theorem. We show that, contrary to the delay-free case (in which the Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov lemma ensures the equivalence of the two approaches), the first method assumes stronger hypothesis than the second one. However, numerical verification of the former is in general NP-hard, whereas the latter leads to linear matrix inequalities. The difference between the two approaches is precisely stated, and, among other benefits, this permits to exhibit classes of problems for which the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method is not conservative.
Clusters Detection in Regression Problems: A Similarity Test Between Estimated Models

The purpose of this article is to investigate on the use of the Minimum Integrated Square Error criterion as a practical tool in building useful regression models, notably in all those situations involving the study of large data sets where a substantial number of outliers can be present or data are clustered. We suggest a technique of regression analysis which consists in comparing the results arising from L 2 estimates with the ones obtained applying some common M-estimators. A new index of similarity between functions is proposed and a Monte Carlo test of hypothesis based on it is introduced. Rejecting the hypothesis of similarity between the estimated regression models implies a careful investigation of data structure. Results of a simulation study, referring to several experimental scenarios, are provided to illustrate the approach we propose.
An Alternative Method for Assessing Goodness-of-Fit for Logit Models

An inference strategy is presented to assess the goodness-of-fit for logit models. The conventional approach has emphasized likelihood ratio tests in which a distribution for the test statistic is assumed. A more recent development, the prediction success table, is based upon a ratio of predicted to observed choice patterns, yet it is primarily a descriptive index not placed within the context of an inference strategy/hypothesis-testing framework. An alternative method is put forward which uses residuals. Although problematic in a parametric context, residuals can be used in an approach which incorporates both a nonparametric randomization procedure and a sample reuse design. A test statistic is defined and compared to a reference distribution created under the assumption of random variation in the responses with variation in the explanatory variable(s). A numerical example is carried out to investigate the efficacy of using this approach.
Bacterial Isolate Inhabiting Spitsbergen Soil Modifies the Physiological Response of Phaseolus coccineus in Control Conditions and under Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Copper Excess

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the potential of the promotion and regulation of plant physiology and growth under control and copper stress conditions, and the impact of the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate on this potential. Runner bean plants were treated with methyl jasmonate (1 or 10 µM) (J; J1 or J10) and Cu (50 µM), and inoculated with a bacterial isolate (S17) originating from Spitsbergen soil, and identified as Pseudomonas luteola using the analytical profile index (API) test. Above- and under-ground plant parts were analyzed. The growth parameters; the concentration of the photosynthetic pigments, elements, flavonoids (FLAVO), phenolics (TPC), allantoin (ALLA), and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs); the activity of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes of resistance induction pathways (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol (GPX) peroxidase, glucanase (GLU), and phenylalanine (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL)), and the antioxidant capacity (AC) were studied. The leaves exhibited substantially higher ALLA and LMWOA concentrations as well as PAL and TAL activities, whereas the roots mostly had higher activities for a majority of the enzymes tested (i.e., SOD, CAT, APX, GPX, and GLU). The inoculation with S17 mitigated the effect of the Cu stress. Under the Cu stress and in the presence of J10, isolate S17 caused an elevation of the shoot fresh weight, K concentration, and TAL activity in the leaves, and APX and GPX (also at J1) activities in the roots. In the absence of Cu, isolate S17 increased the root length and the shoot-to-root ratio, but without statistical significance. In these conditions, S17 contributed to a 236% and 34% enhancement of P and Mn, respectively, in the roots, and a 19% rise of N in the leaves. Under the Cu stress, S17 caused a significant increase in FLAVO and TPC in the leaves. Similarly, the levels of FLAVO, TPC, and AC were enhanced after inoculation with Cu and J1. Regardless of the presence of J, inoculation at Cu excess caused a reduction of SOD and CAT activities, and an elevation of GPX. The effects of inoculation were associated with the application of Cu and J, which modified plant response mainly in a concentration-dependent manner (e.g., PAL, TAL, and LMWOA levels). The conducted studies demonstrated the potential for isolate S17 in the promotion of plant growth.