Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Vision for California’s Healthcare System: Integrated Care with Aligned Financial Incentives

Calif. J. Politics Policy 2014; 6(2): 249–334 Richard M. Scheffler, Liora G. Bowers*, Brent D. Fulton, Clare Connors, Stephen M. Shortell and Ian Morrison A New Vision for California’s Healthcare System: Integrated Care with Aligned Financial Incentives Abstract: In 2012, the share of California’s Gross State Product consumed by healthcare was 15.4%, and approximately 50% of healthcare spending went to care for 5% of the population. To address such cost challenges as well as to improve quality of care and patient outcomes, a group of California’s private and public sector healthcare leaders, with academic and analytical expertise pro- vided by the University of California, Berkeley’s School of Public Health, came together in a collaboration known as the Berkeley Forum for Improving Califor- nia’s Healthcare Delivery System. This Report lays out the Forum’s Vision: A rapid shift towards risk-adjusted global payments and coordinated care provided in large, integrated systems. Furthermore, the Forum supports the implementation of seven initiatives, such as the greater use of patient-centered medical homes and palliative care, as well as increased physical activity. Together, these initia- tives are estimated to reduce healthcare spending in the state by $110 billion (or $800 per household per year) between 2013 and 2022. These savings would bend the cost curve, reducing the expected share of Gross State Product consumed by healthcare, from the estimated 17.1% to 16.5% in 2022. Keywords: California; cost curve; global budgets; healthcare; integrated care; multi-stakeholder collaborative. DOI 10.1515/cjpp-2014-0019 *Corresponding author: Liora G. Bowers, UC Berkeley – School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA, e-mail: lgbowers@berkeley.edu, liora.bowers@gmail.com Richard M. Scheffler and Brent D. Fulton: Nicholas C. Petris Center on Health Care Markets and Consumer Welfare, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Clare Connors, Stephen M. Shortell and Ian Morrison: UC Berkeley – School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
Multinational Corporations and Spillovers

This paper examines spillover effects of the activities of multinational firms. Such effects are most likely to be found in host countries, where the operations of foreign multinationals may influence local firms in the MNCs own industry as well as firms in other industries. However, there is no comprehensive evidence on the exact nature or magnitude of these effects, although it is suggested that host country spillovers vary systematically between countries and industries. In particular, the positive effects of foreign investment are likely to increase with the level of local capability and competition. The spillovers to the home countries of MNCs are often more difficult to identify, for various reasons. Earlier studies suggest that the effects are generally positive, but the increasing international division of labor within multinationals complicates the analysis. The impact on the home country is likely to depend on what activities these firms concentrate at home.
HOW MUCH MORE IS A GOOD SCHOOL DISTRICT WORTH?

This paper infers the value of public schools from sale prices of houses in neighborhoods in which public services are delivered by overlapping jurisdictions to isolate the effects of the public school from other local government services. We use information about houses that sold between 1976 and 1994 to decompose the difference in mean house value into a part due to differences in observable characteristics and an unobservable part due to differences in public services. We infer differences across jurisdictions in the value of local public schools under a variety of assumptions about the degree of tax and service capitalization.
Executive Insights: Building Successful Export Business Relationships: A Behavioral Perspective

Although the United States has been one of the leading actors in international trade, limited evidence exists as to individual U.S. company relationships with overseas customers. On the basis of a sample of 201 U.S. exporting manufacturers, the authors draw a comparison between harmonious and problematic foreign business relationships. The findings reveal that, as opposed to problematic cases, firms with harmonious relationships are more experienced, employ more people, and exhibit more active behavior toward conducting their foreign business. Such firms sell to a greater number of export markets, deal with more foreign customers, and obtain more orders. The study also shows that harmonious relationships with overseas customers are distinguished by greater dependence, trust, understanding, commitment, communication, and cooperation but less distance, uncertainty, and conflict between the parties. The article provides export management with a set of guidelines for establishing, developing, and sustaining successful export business relationships.
Stereotactic fractionated irradiation of optic nerve sheath meningioma: a new treatment alternative

Background: Primary optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) is a rare but almost invariably blinding tumour when its natural history is observed in a “wait and see” strategy. Surgery has hitherto only been advocated in case of progressive disease involving intracranial structures, as it leads to iatrogenic blindness in the overwhelming majority of cases. Therefore, treatment options bearing lesser risk of functional deterioration are highly desirable, both in cases of intracranial involvement as well as during earlier phases of the disease which are currently generally left untreated. The authors report the outcome of the largest series of patients to date treated by stereotactic fractionated irradiation as a new treatment approach in ONSM at all stages. Methods: 15 patients (16 nerves) underwent stereotactic fractionated conformal irradiation with a total dose of 54 Gy, using standard fractionation. Main outcome parameters included visual acuity and visual field, as well as three dimensional remission as documented by imaging. Results: Tumour control was confirmed in all 15 patients undergoing stereotactic fractionated conformal irradiation (mean follow up 37 (range 12–71) months). No patient developed functional deterioration during or after treatment. Moreover, visual acuity improved by more than two lines in one patient and the visual field improved in six cases. Visual outcome in the other patients remained unchanged. There were no significant side effects of radiation therapy. Conclusion: These data provide convincing evidence that stereotactic fractionated conformal irradiation is an effective treatment option for primary ONSM with minimal treatment related morbidity. It should therefore be considered as therapeutic option both in early stage ONSM where surgery cannot be justified as well as in later stages, where surgery is so far considered the first line approach.
The evolution of innovation process organization forms: Transfer to collaboration networks and “cluster governance”

From the organization theory point of view the evolution of innovation process organization forms includes three phases: hierarchies, markets and networks. The work deals with the development of original “Cluster Governance” model as a specific case of collaboration network: one of the nodes accepts a role of the «kernel» providing the coordinating and infrastructure functions.
The different systems for tourist hotels efficiency estimation in Taiwan

This study adopts the data envelopment analysis (DEA), including the Banker, Charnes, and Cooper and system DEA estimation, to investigate the operating efficiency of Taiwanese Hotels under different efficient frontier systems. The results are summarised as follows: (1) the efficiency of chain-operated hotels are higher than the efficiency of independent-operated hotels; (2) if different frontier systems are assessed by the same frontier, then it will cause a wrong judgement in efficient reference sets; (3) if the hotels are treated as independent samples, then some inefficient hotels are mistaken as being efficient; and (4) the independent type take the chain type as efficient reference sets.
A Novel Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction Based on MFEC

Accurate forecasting of short-term wind speed is a key technology to enable efficient and reliable operation of microgrids with wind generators. Results of wind speed prediction (WSP) methods in the current literature are subject to errors due to the random nature of wind speed and the limited generalization of forecast algorithms. In this paper, a short-term WSP method based on a model of forecast, error correction, wind power generation, support vector machines (SVMs), and prediction algorithms is proposed. In the proposed method, the error model is built to predict the errors of the original predicted wind speed. Subsequently, the predicted errors are incorporated into the original predicted sequence to produce the final forecasts. The final predicted results can be brought to the system operator step by step for use in scheduling strategies. Using SVM and back propagation (BP) prediction algorithm as examples for the basic prediction algorithm, the proposed method is applied to a day-ahead WSP with five daily deliveries and compared with the results by a single SVM or a BP prediction algorithm. The test results demonstrate significant improvement in prediction accuracy using the proposed short-term WSP based on a model of forecast error correction method, independent of the basic prediction algorithm.
Ultra low power high efficiency charge pump design using NEM relays

The zero leakage operation of Nano-electromechanical (NEM) relays make the device a promising candidate among emerging devices. Numerous end applications of NEM relay logic circuits have been proposed recently [1][2]. This work explores the usage of NEM relays in on-chip power management circuits. Ron of the NEM relay switch is constant and is insensitive to the gate slew rate. This creates a paradigm shift in design of power switches. This coupled with infinite Roff offers significant area and power advantages over CMOS. Accurate Verilog-A models were developed based on published fabrication results of NEM relays [1] operating at 1V with a nominal air gap of 5 – 10nm. As a feasibility study of using NEMS in integrated power electronics, a step-down charge pump with specifications suitable for audio power amplifier applications has been implemented and the results are compared against a standard commercial 65nm CMOS implementation. This work shows that NEM relay based charge pump has an area savings of 73X, power savings of 14X over CMOS and achieves 96:1% efficiency at max load condition (18mA).
The German Federal Election of 2013: Merkel’s Triumph, the Disappearance of the Liberal Party, and Yet Another Grand Coalition

The 2009 German federal election was a puzzling one – stuck somewhere between boredom and extremes, as the title of one publication puts it Rattinger et al. (2011; see also Faas 2010): 23 per cent of the vote for the Social Democrats meant a historic low for this venerable party; a turnout of 70 per cent also meant a post-war low for Germany, while the liberal FDP received a record high of almost 15 per cent. Greens and the Left Party also fared well. Germany’s Volksparteien – the Christian and the Social Democrats – clearly had seen better days than election day 2009. At the same time, there were standard aspects to it: after four years of grand coalition government of Christian and Social Democrats – still regarded as an exceptional case in German coalition politics – the 2009 election allowed for a return to a standard coalition based on political camps. Having a majority of seats in the Bundestag, the Christian Democrats and the Liberals agreed to form a coalition and Angela Merkel was re-elected as the German chancellor for her second term of office. Guido Westerwelle, party chairman of the Liberal party, became vicechancellor and foreign minister. Given their extraordinary result, the Liberals entered the coalition with great confidence – probably too great. The coalition talks were brought to an end rather hastily. Of crucial importance for the Liberals was that they were unable to push through tax reductions, their central electoral pledge. In sharp contrast to the triumph on election day, the start for the Liberals in the newly formed coalition was disastrous and they became a party in constant turmoil. Even replacing Guido Westerwelle as party chairman and vice-chancellor in May 2011 was of no help. The Liberals were an
A profile of American bed and breakfast entrepreneurs: Bridging the gap to retirement

ABSTRACT The research is a descriptive profile of owners in the United States who are primarily 50 years and older. Since entrepreneurship is often sought later in life as a bridge to retirement (Kerr & Armstrong-Stassen, 2011), this research profiled the American bed and breakfast entrepreneur who is using this self-employed venture before transitioning into retirement. Considerations of cognitive age, health, and supportive partner will be discussed. For those pursuing bed and breakfasts as a future entrepreneurial venture, this study found important aspects to the operation of the business. Four factors are provided for older Americans considering operating a bed and breakfast including: feeling young and capable, bridge to retirement, supportive partner, and importance of timeline of entrepreneurial process. Future studies will benefit from understanding this exploratory profile of the niche market of bed and breakfast entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry, including human resource practices and decision-making.
The Diffusion of Health Technologies: Cultural and Biological Divergence

This paper proposes the hypothesis that genetic distance to the health frontier influences population health outcomes. Evidence from a world sample suggests that genetic distance, interpreted as long-term cultural and biological divergence, is an important factor in understanding health inequalities across countries. Specifically, the paper documents a remarkably robust negative link between genetic distance to the United States and population health—as measured by life expectancy at birth and the adult survival rate—even after accounting for an extensive set of possible confounders, such as GDP per capita and various climatic factors. Consistent with the interpretation that genetic distance is related to population health indirectly through human barriers to the diffusion of modern health technologies, the evidence indicates that the gene gradient emerges at the onset of the international epidemiological transition.
ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AQUACULTURE AND CAPTURE FISHERIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Wild fish species are becoming scarcer and their market prices significantly increasing due to limited natural resources and increasing demand for sea food. In recent years, the Republic of Korea's (South Korea's) marine aquaculture production of finfish has drastically increased while prices have declined. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the economic relationships between wild-caught and farmed fish species, examining the relationship between fish price and supply resulting from the development of marine aquaculture. Major marine aquaculture species, in particular the most favored sashimi species in Korea, are evaluated. These are: flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagrus major), and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). This paper illustrates that the prices for both wild-caught and farmed fish declined as the farmed products entered the market and production expanded. However, the magnitude of price changes varied by species depending on if the farmed species has the same value or substitute value as the wild-caught fish and the development of aquaculture technology. The study shows aquaculture seems to play a role in helping to meet the demand for fish and can reduce the pressure on wild-stock fisheries.
Expressiveness and Optimization under Incentive Compatibility Constraints in Dynamic Auctions

This thesis designs and analyzes auctions for persistent goods in three domains with arriving and departing bidders, quantifying tradeoffs between design objectives. The central objective is incentive compatibility, ensuring that it is in bidders’ best interest to reveal their private information truthfully. Other primary concerns are expressiveness, i.e. the richness of the effective bidding language, and optimization, in the form of aiming towards high revenue or high value of the allocation of goods to bidders. In the first domain, an arriving bidder requests a fixed number of goods by his departure, introducing combinatorial constraints. I achieve the global property of incentive compatibility via self-correction, a local verification procedure, applied to a heuristic modification of an online stochastic algorithm. This heuristic is flexible and has encouraging empirical performance in terms of allocation value, revenue and computation overhead. In the second domain, impatient buyers make instantaneous reservation offers for future goods. Introducing the practical ability of cancellations by the seller leads to an auction with worst-case guarantees without any assumption on the sequence of offers. A buyer whose reservation is canceled incurs a utility loss proportional to his value, but receives an equivalent cancellation fee from the seller. A simple payment scheme ensures a novel incentive compatibility concept: no bidder can profit from a lower bid while no truthful winner can profit from any different bid. I establish that no fully incentive-compatible auction can achieve similar worst-case guarantees.
Simple Estimates of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Risk and Outcome after Intravenous Thrombolysis Using Age and Stroke Severity

Hye Jung Lee, Ji Sung Lee, Jay Chol Choi, Yong-Jin Cho, Beom Joon Kim, Hee-Joon Bae, Dong-Eog Kim, Wi-Sun Ryu, Jae-Kwan Cha, Dae Hyun Kim, Hyun-Wook Nah, Kang-Ho Choi, Joon-Tae Kim, Man-Seok Park, Jeong-Ho Hong, Sung Il Sohn, Kyusik Kang, Jong-Moo Park, Wook-Joo Kim, Jun Lee, Dong-Ick Shin, Min-Ju Yeo, Kyung Bok Lee, Jae Guk Kim, Soo Joo Lee, Byung-Chul Lee, Mi Sun Oh, Kyung-Ho Yu, Tai Hwan Park, Juneyoung Lee, Keun-Sik Hong Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Neurology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
RESTRICTIONS ON THE RATE OF INTEREST ON DEMAND DEPOSITS AND A THEORY OF COMPENSATING BALANCES

THIS PAPER EXPLORES and extends the theory of the demand for money by firms. Existing models fail to explain the high levels of deposits held by firms. Such large balances are usually explained by the existence of compensating balance arrangements in this country. However, the traditional theory of compensating balances views the practice as irrational if it results in an increase in firms' balances. The paper presents a transactions demand theory of firms' demand for money. It is demonstrated that compensating balance arrangements are a rational response to the prohibition on the payment of interest on demand deposits in this country. With compensating balances the firm and the bank, taken together, are better off than in the absence of such practices. The savings in transaction cost to the firm resulting from increased balances is greater than the opportunity cost of the additional reserves which the bank must hold. Furthermore, optimal balance requirements result in optimal money demand identical to that in a system with no restriction on the deposit rate. Thus, the same result is achieved by paying an optimal cash deposit rate and an optimal implicit deposit rate through services. Although the framework developed applies to compensating balance requirements on loans, only compensating balances held in payment for services is analyzed in this paper. ' The impact of optimal requirements can be incorporated easily in the tradition transactions money demand models. This modification would be expected to improve significantly these models' predictions of firms' money demand. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implication of this analysis for macroeconomic analysis and for the regulation of interest rates on demand deposits. It is demonstrated that optimal compensating balance requirements subvert the objective of this regulation.
The Great Recession and its Impact on Families

In 2009, Clark University was accepted as the university to represent Massachusetts in the National Policy Institute for Family Impact Seminars at the University of Wisconsin – Madison (http://familyimpactseminars.org). Family Impact Seminars are a series of annual seminars, briefing reports, and discussion sessions that provide up-to-date, solution-oriented research on current issues for state legislators, legislative staff, and executive branch personnel. The seminars provide objective, nonpartisan research on current issues and do not lobby for particular policies. Seminar participants discuss policy options and identify common ground where it exists.
Predictive Factors of Mortality From Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Study

OBJECTIVES:From an Italian Registry of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH), we assessed the clinical outcomes and explored the roles of clinical, endoscopic, and therapeutic factors on 30-day mortality in a real life setting.METHODS:Prospective analysis of consecutive patients endoscoped for UGIH at 23 community and tertiary care institutions from 2003 to 2004. Covariates and outcomes were defined a priori and 30-day follow-up obtained. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors of mortality.RESULTS:One thousand and twenty patients were included. A total of 46 patients died for an overall 4.5% mortality rate. In all, 85% of deaths were associated with one or more major comorbidity. Sixteen of 46 patients (35%) died within the first 24 h of the onset of bleeding. Of these, eight had been categorized as ASA class 1 or 2 and none of them was operated upon, despite a failure of endoscopic intention to treatment in four. Regression analysis showed advanced age, presence of severe comorbidity, low hemoglobin levels at presentation, and worsening health status as the only independent predictors of 30-day mortality (P < 0.001). The acute use of a PPI exerted a protective effect (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09–0.73). Recurrent bleeding was low (3.2%). Rebleeders accounted for only 11% of the total patients deceased (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.5–11.2). CONCLUSIONS:These results indicate that 30-day mortality for nonvariceal bleeding is low. Deaths occurred predominantly in elderly patients with severe comorbidities or those with failure of endoscopic intention to treatment.