Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why has potential growth declined? The case of Germany

Since the 1950s, economic growth rates in industrialized countries have declined. Whereas the per capita growth rate of gross domestic product in industrial countries was 3.7 in the 1950s ind 4.2 in the 1960s, the growth rate came down to 3.0 in the 1970s and to 2.1 in the 1980s (Table 1). This picture of declining growth rates is even stronger when the growth rate is not expressed on a per capita basis.
Re-conceptualizing stress: Shifting views on the consequences of stress and its effects on stress reactivity

Background The consequences of stress are typically regarded from a deficit-oriented approach, conceptualizing stress to be entirely negative in its outcomes. This approach is unbalanced, and may further hinder individuals from engaging in adaptive coping. In the current study, we explored whether negative views and beliefs regarding stress interacted with a stress framing manipulation (positive, neutral and negative) on measures of stress reactivity for both psychosocial and physiological stressors. Method Ninety participants were randomized into one of three framing conditions that conceptualized the experience of stress in balanced, unbalanced-negative or unbalanced-positive ways. After watching a video on stress, participants underwent a psychosocial (Trier Social Stress Test), or a physiological (CO2 challenge) method of stress-induction. Subjective and objective markers of stress were assessed. Results Most of the sampled population regarded stress as negative prior to framing. Further, subjective and objective reactivity were greater to the TSST compared to the CO2 challenge. Additionally, significant cubic trends were observed in the interactions of stress framing and stress-induction methodologies on heart rate and blood pressure. Balanced framing conditions in the TSST group had a significantly larger decrease in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure following stress compared to the positive and negative framing conditions. Conclusion Findings confirmed a deficit-orientation of stress within the sampled population. In addition, results highlighted the relative efficacy of the TSST compared to CO2 as a method of stress provocation. Finally, individuals in framing conditions that posited stress outcomes in unbalanced manners responded to stressors less efficiently. This suggests that unbalanced framing of stress may have set forth unrealistic expectations regarding stress that later hindered individuals from adaptive responses to stress. Potential benefits of alternative conceptualizations of stress on stress reactivity are discussed, and suggestions for future research are made.
Outerjoin optimization in multidatabase systems

Outerjoin is used in distributed relational multidatabase systems for integrating local schemas to a global schema. Queries against the global schema need to be modified, optimized, and decomposed into subqueries at local sites for processing. Since outerjoin combines local relations in different databases to form a global relation, it is expensive to process. Based on the structure of the query and the definition of the schemas, queries with outerjoin, join, select and project operations are optimized. Conditions where outerjoin can be avoided or transformed into a one-sided outerjoin are identified. Considering these conditions makes it possible to reduce the response time for query processing. <<ETX>>
An Example of Local Reasoning in BI Pointer Logic: the Schorr−Waite Graph Marking Algorithm

Reasoning about programs manipulating pointers has been considered as diicult not because of the lack of formalisms for verifying pointer programs, but because of the signiicant increase in the complexity of proofs in each formalism over an informal argument. Recently, there has been noticeable development in handling the complexity by exploiting locality of memory access within a code fragment. Reynolds introduced a pointer logic based on a \spatial" interpretation, where diierent parts of a formula refer to diierent area of memory; this holds the promise of managing complexity of aliasing information. O'Hearn proposed a \tight" interpretation of Hoare triples which reeects locality of memory access: in addition to the usual requirement of Hoare triples, a command is required to access only those memory cells "mentioned" in a precondition. These two ideas are combined in the Frame Introduction rule, proposed by Ishtiaq and O'Hearn in BI pointer logic, to exploit locality of memory access in veriication of pointer programs. Frame Introduction supports two stage reasoning for a piece of code: rst reasoning about a local fact for a piece of code, and then deriving a global fact from the local one by incorporating all other unaccessed cells on the heap. O'Hearn calls this style of reasoning local reasoning. In this paper, we show the promise of local reasoning in BI pointer logic by an example: the Schorr-Waite graph marking algorithm. The veriication in the paper gives an evidence that even in a program with no clear separations of data structures, the locality of memory access can still be exploited in a formal proof with Frame Introduction and BI multiplicative connectives and that the resulting veriication becomes signiicantly simpler.
Microwave characterization and modeling of high aspect ratio through-wafer interconnect vias in silicon substrates

In this paper, we present the detailed fabrication process, high-frequency characterization, and modeling of through-wafer copper-filled vias ranging from 50- to 70-/spl mu/m-in diameter on 400-/spl mu/m-thick silicon substrates. The high aspect ratio via-holes were fabricated by carefully optimizing the inductively coupled plasma deep reactive ion etching process. The high aspect ratio via-holes are completely filled with copper using a bottom-up electroplating approach. The fabricated vias were characterized using different resonating structures based on which the inductance and resistance of the filled via-holes are extracted. For a single 70-/spl mu/m via, the inductance and resistance are measured to be 254 pH and 0.1 /spl Omega/, respectively. In addition, the effect of the physical arrangement and distribution in multiple-via configurations on the resulting inductance is also evaluated with double straightly aligned quadruple and diagonally aligned quadruple vias. Physical mechanisms of the dependence was depicted by electromagnetic simulation. An equivalent-circuit model is proposed and model parameters are extracted to provide good agreement.
Application of second-generation sequencing to cancer genomics

New generations of DNA sequencing technologies are enabling the systematic study of genetic derangement in cancers. Sequencing of cancer exomes or transcriptomes or even entire cancer genomes are now possible, though technical and economic challenges remain. Cancer samples are inherently heterogeneous and are often contaminated with normal DNA, placing additional demands on informatics tools for detecting genetic variation. However, even low coverage sequencing data can provide valuable information on genetic rearrangements, amplifications and losses in tumor genomes. Novel recurrent oncogenic mutations and fusion transcripts have been discovered with these technologies. In some sequenced cancer genomes, tens of thousands of genetic alterations have been discovered. While this enables the detailed dissection of mutation classes, it also presents a formidable informatics problem of sorting active 'driver' mutations from inactive 'passenger' mutations in order to prioritize these for further experimental characterization.
DETERMINATION OF RESIDUALS STRESSES AROUND BLISTERS IN ZR-2 . 5 % NB PRESSURE TUBES

We have used synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments to measure the strain field introduced by a hydride blister grown on a section of a pressure tube from a CANDU nuclear reactor. After charging the tube section with a homogeneous hydrogen concentration of 300 wt ppm, the blister was produced by creating a small cold spot on its surface (~200C), while the bulk was kept at a temperature of 338C over a period of 1008 hours. The blister studied here is ellipsoidal in shape, with its long axis along the tube axial direction. The experiments were performed on the wiggler beam line ID15 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), using a polychromatic beam of high-energy X-rays (60-300keV). Unlike conventional X-ray diffraction, in this mode the scattering angle is fixed and the diffracted beam is discriminated on the basis of the photon energy. The results show that the blister is composed by two crystallographic phases (δ-ZrH and α-Zr), with volume fractions varying with position. The maximum stresses appear at the blistermatrix interfaces. Near the tube outer surface, we found large compressive stresses of (-450±90) MPa along the blister long axis, and tensile stresses (+320±90) MPa along the tube hoop direction. The main uncertainty in these stresses results from the uncertainty in the elastic constants of the hydride phase. Large strains and broad peaks were observed for this phase, which were explained by a rather low Young modulus (35GPa) for the hydride. The results are compared with finite elements simulations found in the literature. INTRODUCTION In CANDU nuclear power reactors, pressure tubes of cold-worked Zr-2.5%Nb material are used in the reactor at operation temperatures ~300C. Over time, the pressure tubes absorb a small fraction of the deuterium (D) from the heavy water used as coolant. Cold spots due to the unexpected contact with other reactor components introduce thermal gradients within the tube. These gradients lead to the redistribution of D and the precipitation of hydrides, which can result in the formation of hydride blisters at the cold spot, and ultimately to the tube failure [1]. Hydride blister formation is also a relatively common mode of failure on Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding [2]. 577 Copyright ©JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2009 ISSN 1097-0002
The impact of a resource guide on new mothers' knowledge, self-efficacy and stress

AND STRESS By: HEIDI MARISSA STONE (Under the Direction of Ted Futris) ABSTRACT Acquired parental knowledge and competence have been shown to help parents feel better prepared to handle the copious stressors involved in the transition to parenthood. Parent educational materials delivered at a “teachable moment” containing information pertinent to the age of the child have been shown to help parents feel more confident in their abilities to parent and less stressed in the parenting role leading to better long-term child and family outcomes. The current study evaluates the impact of a parent education resource delivered to new mothers immediately following the birth of their child. Results indicate that printed educational materials delivered at a teachable moment may help parents feel more knowledgeable about, adjusted to and prepared for their parenting role. Further mothers here reportedly understood the information they read and applied it to their everyday lives and kept the Guide for New Parents and read more of the publication over time as their needs and those of their families evolved. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Calculating Trust and Aggregation of a node using Poisson Distribution in WSN

Designing an accurate and efficient trust model in WSN is nowadays aresearch challenge.Trust in wirelesssensor networks is an important issue and it solves theproblem of access control, privacy, secure routing scheme and reliable communication.The notion of trust can bedefined as an aggregation of consensus given a set of past interactions. Aggregating data is a way of compressing the transmitted packet, in a sense that the packet is comprised of only necessary information. This paper present, total Trust calculation in WSN nodes. We calculate the total trust by direct trust using probabilistic approach and indirect trust using Dempstar-Shafer theory (combination of evidence). Here we also find out aggregation value of a node using Poisson distribution and alsocompare between PDR value and average cumulative Poisson distribution.Results of various simulation experiments show that theproposed system can be highly effective for aggregation value of a node than to aggregate of node using coding by ordering technique.
Biological Activation of Inert Ceramics: Recent Advances Using Tailored Self-Assembled Monolayers on Implant Ceramic Surfaces

High-strength ceramics as materials for medical implants have a long, research-intensive history. Yet, especially on applications where the ceramic components are in direct contact with the surrounding tissue, an unresolved issue is its inherent property of biological inertness. To combat this, several strategies have been investigated over the last couple of years. One promising approach investigates the technique of Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAM) and subsequent chemical functionalization to create a biologically active tissue-facing surface layer. Implementation of this would have a beneficial impact on several fields in modern implant medicine such as hip and knee arthroplasty, dental applications and related fields. This review aims to give a summarizing overview of the latest advances in this recently emerging field, along with thorough introductions of the underlying mechanism of SAMs and surface cell attachment mechanics on the cell side.
Time to surgical debridement in open long bone fractures of the lower limb and its effect on union and infections: A prospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of time to surgical debridement on non-union, infection rates and patient quality of life in open long bone lower limb fractures. METHODS: 182 patients with 206 open long bone lower extremity fractures were recruited in a prospective cohort study from October 20th 2015 to October 20th 2016 with a follow-up rate of 93%. The cohort was empirically divided into 2 groups (early and late) based on the time to debridement (less or more than 12 hours from injury). Non-union was evaluated at 9 months. Infection rates, additional surgeries, in-patient bills and functional outcomes in both groups were also recorded. Data was entered using Microsoft Excel 2016 and analysed using independent 2 sample t tests, chi square tests, univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: 169 patients with 198 fractures were evaluated at 9 months. The non-union and infection rates were 33.5 and 35.6% respectively. Non-union was associated with late debridement (OR 5.89: 95% CI, 1.72-20.3). There was a 6 % increase in the infection risk for each hour of surgical delay (OR 1.06: 95% CI, 1.02- 1.07). No significant difference was observed in additional surgeries performed and treatment costs in both groups. However, the early group had a superior functional outcome, 83.3% patients returned to work compared to 34.7% in the late group. CONCLUSION: Our study conclusively proves that debridement in open fractures should be done as soon as possible. This is particularly of importance in developing countries which bear the brunt of trauma. Formulating protocols for early wound management may be beneficial in saving life, limb and money.
A Quiet Disquiet: Anxiety and Risk Avoidance due to Nonconscious Auditory Priming

Hearing is our highly sensitive warning system. As a sense, hearing has uniquely evolved to perform this alerting function and is perceptive to subtle ambient cues 10 that are associated with threat. We propose that one aspect of sound that may cue such associations is pitch, such that low-pitch (vs. moderate pitch) background sound nonconsciously primes a threat response resulting in heightened anxiety among consumers. Furthermore, this emotional response manifests itself in the form of increased risk avoidance. Seven studies in varied domains demon15 strate that low(vs. moderate-) pitch background sound results in higher anxiety, which leads to risk-avoidant consumer choices—for instance, being willing to pay more for car insurance or choosing a food option with lower taste uncertainty.
Improving High Quality Privacy Preserving Location Monitoring System For Wireless Sensor Networks

: - . Message authentication is an important objective of information security in modern wireless networks. This objective is met by providing the receiver of the message an assurance of the sender’s identity. Digital tools have been developed using cryptography. A major limitations of all cryptographic methods for message authentication lies in their uses of algorithms with fixed symmetric or public keys.This project presents a synchronized random key generation for each node which depends on the position. So there is no need any exact location data to transfer. Key generation protocol is used here. Key generation protocol depends on the global Positioning method. Pseudo random number creation depends upon the position and the initial value of linear feedback shift register. So each and every second create a new key. So the level of privacy information security is too high and power consumption is very low.
Abstract—this Paper Presents a Supervised Clustering Algorithm

namely Grid-Based Supervised Clustering (GBSC), which is able to identify clusters of any shapes and sizes without presuming any canonical form for data distribution. The GBSC needs no pre-specified number of clusters, is insensitive to the order of the input data objects, and is capable of handling outliers. Built on the combination of grid-based clustering and density-based clustering, under the assistance of the downward closure property of density used in bottom-up subspace clustering, the GBSC can notably reduce its search space to avoid the memory confinement situation during its execution. On two-dimension synthetic datasets, the GBSC can identify clusters with different shapes and sizes correctly. The GBSC also outperforms other five supervised clustering algorithms when the experiments are performed on some UCI datasets.
Chapter 2 Section Membership and Participation in the American Sociological Review Publication Process

Abstract A persistent theme throughout the history of the Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Section of the American Sociological Association (CITAMS, formerly CITASA) has been that the work of section members has been underrepresented in sociology’s leading journals. This chapter empirically examines that claim, using data from the newly created American Sociological Review (ASR) Digital Archive, a collection of all manuscripts, published and unpublished, submitted to ASR between 1990 and 2010, along with all reviews of these manuscripts. Analyses in the chapter focus on a comparison of CITAMS and Methodology Section members’ participation in the ASR process as a manuscript author or reviewer. The findings of this chapter show that controlling for differences in the gender and age composition of the two sections, CITAMS members are significantly less likely than Methodology Section members to participate in the ASR publication process. This pattern is evident not only in the degree to which CITAMS members are asked to review papers, but also in the frequency with which they submit to ASR. Further analyses in the chapter look at membership in multiple sections and the possibilities for innovative collaboration. Increasing CITAMS involvement in the ASR publication process and amplifying the section’s voice in the discipline’s flagship journal may begin with more CITAMS members submitting manuscripts to ASR and collaborating with sociologists affiliated with other ASA sections.
Native Simulation of MPSoC Using Hardware-Assisted Virtualization

Integration of multiple heterogeneous processors into a single system-on-a-chip is a clear trend in embedded devices. Designing and verifying these devices requires high-speed and easy-to-build simulation platforms. Among the software simulation approaches, native simulation is a good candidate since the embedded software is executed natively on the host machine, and no instruction set simulator development effort is necessary. However, existing native simulation approaches are such that the simulated software shares the memory space of the modeled hardware modules and the host operating system, making impractical the support of legacy code running on the target platform. To overcome this issue seldom mentioned in the literature, we propose the addition of a transparent address space translation layer to separate the target address space from the host simulator one. For this, we exploit the hardware-assisted virtualization technology now available on most general-purpose processors. Experiments show that this solution does not degrade the native simulation speed, while keeping the ability to accomplish software performance evaluation.
A P2P Auto-Recover Method for the Factory Data of Cable Modem over the HFC Network

With the popularization of the Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS) product, many devices have been installed in client sides. the issue of how to maintain the quality while providing quick repair becomes more and more important. in some practical circumstances, the cable modem may lose the factory data which include the calibration table and the digital certificates. These data are unique and vital for the regular operations of cable modem. the traditional way of handling the malfunction product is to ship back the product to the maintenance branch and replaces a working device for the customer. in this paper we will present a solution which is based on network coding over peer to peer (P2P) network to fix the problem automatically online, named Cable modem Auto-Recovery (CAROL).
A model for robotic hand based on Fibonacci sequence

We study a robot hand model involving Fibonacci sequence. Fingers are modeled via hyper-redundant planar manipulators. Binary controls rule the dynamics of the hand, in particular the extension and the rotation of each phalanx. By estabilishing a relation with Iterated Function Systems, we investigate the reachable workspace and its convex hull. Finally, we give an explicit characterization of the convex hull of the reachable workspace in a particular case.