Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autisme et architecture : l'exploration des troubles du spectre autistique en relation avec les paramètres architecturaux de leurs lieux de vie

La recherche engagee dans ce travail de these se propose d’etudier les effets que peuventavoir differentes composantes du cadre architectural sur l'adaptation des personnes adultesavec autisme, et l'expression clinique des symptomes inherents aux Troubles du SpectreAutistique (TSA). Pour ce faire, la recherche menee a consiste en un inventaire concernantcette problematique, tant d’un point de vue theorique (description des concepts abordes etrevue de litterature des etudes existantes) que pratique (methodologie exploratoire appliqueeau terrain). Nos objectifs etant d’etablir des hypotheses specifiques concernant l’impact descaracteristiques architecturales de l’environnement bâti sur l’etat clinique des personnesatteintes de TSA, un volet clinique et un volet architectural ont ete menes conjointement afinde representer l’inter-disciplinarite necessaire pour repondre aux objectifs communs etcomplementaires de cette recherche. Ce manuscrit presente la methodologie utilisee lors del’evaluation clinique des personnes adultes atteintes de TSA qui resident et sont prises encharge au sein d’institutions sanitaires et medico-sociales (Foyers d’Accueil Medicalises etMaison d’Accueil Specialisee) et le protocole de caracterisations architecturales desespaces/temps de vie quotidienne de ces etablissements. Nous presentons, dans un premiertemps, le descriptif de la population etudiee et les caracteristiques des lieux de vie qui leursont dedies. Puis, nous presentons, dans un second temps, les resultats obtenus par laconceptualisation de modeles d’analyses multi-niveaux / multi-variees des donnees interdisciplinairesainsi recueillies (N=21 etablissements/unites, N=148 residents). Nous endiscutons les interpretations possibles formulables sous forme d’hypotheses exploratoiresentre les parametres de caracterisations architecturales et les evaluations comportementales etsensorielles des adultes atteints de TSA. Nous presentons egalement les perspectives decontinuite de ce projet de recherche, tant pour les questionnements exploratoires emergents,que pour les possibilites experimentales qu’il incite afin d’affiner notre comprehension desfacteurs environnementaux susceptibles de generer et/ou d’attenuer les troublescomportementaux et sensoriels observes chez les personnes atteintes de TSA.
The use of the nose to study the inflammatory response of the respiratory tract.

There are several reasons for investigating inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa. There is evidence for an increasing frequency of allergic rhinitis,' and nasal symptoms may be an early sign of allergic and occupational airway disease. There is also the possibility that a more general relation between rhinitis and asthma exists. This idea is not novel and at the turn of the century it led to the introduction of different treatments for asthma.2 This editorial considers what can be learnt about inflammatory mechanisms by studying the readily accessible human nasal mucosa rather than the relatively inaccessible bronchial mucosa.
Optimal vitamin D levels in Crohn's disease: a review

Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with Crohn's disease. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the best measure of an individual's vitamin D status and current cut-off ranges for sufficiency are debatable. Several factors contribute to vitamin D deficiency in Crohn's disease. These include inadequate exposure to sunlight, inadequate dietary intake, impaired conversion of vitamin D to its active metabolite, increased catabolism, increased excretion and genetic variants in vitamin D hydroxylation and transport. The effects of low 25(OH)D on outcomes other than bone health are understudied in Crohn's disease. The aim of the present review is to discuss the potential roles of vitamin D and the possible levels required to achieve them. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D may have roles in innate and adaptive immunity, in the immune-pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, prevention of Crohn's disease-related hospitalisations and surgery, in reducing disease severity and in colon cancer prevention. The present literature appears to suggest that 25(OH)D concentrations of ≥75 nmol/l may be required for non-skeletal effects; however, further research on optimal levels is required.
Fast Faceted Search in XML Using XQuery and Indexes in eXist

We present and compare three implementations of faceted search in eXist-db, an XML database. The bit-vector based implementation outperforms the other two implementations in that performance is near constant when the size of the database grows. We investigate this method in detail to pinpoint the source of this speedup. We do so using a micro-benchmark based on XMark designed for evaluating faceted search.
Intracellular Association of Glycine Receptor with Gephyrin Increases Its Plasma Membrane Accumulation Rate

Gephyrin, a tubulin-binding protein, is the core of inhibitory postsynaptic scaffolds stabilizing glycine receptors (GlyRs) and/or GABAA receptors. Previous ultrastructural studies in vivo and in vitro have reported a localization of gephyrin to intracellular cisternas during development or after glycinergic denervation (Seitanidou et al., 1992; Colin et al., 1996, 1998). These data were compatible with a traffic of this cytoplasmic, but membrane-associated, protein together with membrane proteins such as GlyR after exocytosis and/or endocytosis pathways. We have now investigated the consequences of a GlyR–gephyrin interaction on the localization and the dynamics of these two molecules in African green monkey kidney cells (COS-7) cells and in neurons transfected with green fluorescent protein-tagged-gephyrin and myc-tagged GlyR α1 subunits. In these experiments, myc-tagged GlyR α1 contained, or did not contain, the gephyrin-binding sequence (βgb) of the GlyR β subunit. We report here that GlyR–gephyrin interaction localizes gephyrin to GlyR-containing organelles. Videomicroscopy and nocodazole treatment indicate that the movements of these vesicles are microtubule dependent. Expressing GlyR α1 with a thrombin cleavage site between the myc-tag and the N terminal of the GlyR α1 subunit (Rosenberg et al., 2001) allowed monitoring of newly inserted receptors in the cell surface. Using temperature changes to block GlyR in, and then release it from, the trans-Golgi network, we show that gephyrin accelerates the accumulation of GlyR at the cell surface. Therefore, our data strongly suggest that some GlyR clusters are associated with gephyrin on their way to the cell surface and that this association increases the accumulation of GlyR at the plasma membrane.
Clinical Application of High-intensity Focused Ultrasound in Cancer Therapy

The treatment of cancer is an important issue in both developing and developed countries. Clinical use of ultrasound in cancer is not only for the diagnosis but also for the treatment. Focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) is a noninvasive technique. By using the combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and imaging method, FUS has the potential to ablate tumor lesions precisely. The main mechanisms of HIFU ablation involve mechanical and thermal effects. Recent advances in HIFU have increased its popularity. Some promising results were achieved in managing various malignancies, including pancreas, prostate, liver, kidney, breast and bone. Other applications include brain tumor ablation and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. We aim at briefly outlining the clinical utility of FUS as a noninvasive technique for a variety of types of cancer treatment.
Separating People and Wildlife: Zoning as a Conservation Strategy for Large Carnivores

Large carnivores are some of the world’s most difficult species to conserve because of their large spatial requirements, low population density, and high potential for conflict with humans. However, large carnivores are valuable for ecological, cultural, and ethical reasons. Carnivore management can take a wide variety of forms, including translocation, sterilization, livestock compensation programs, regulated hunting, improved livestock husbandry practices, and zoning, among others. The objective of this thesis was to conduct a comparative analysis of examples of zoning from around the world to examine whether it is an effective carnivore management strategy. Analysis of twelve case studies showed that zoning systems vary widely based on the characteristics of the target species and location-specific factors. However, four broad categories of zoning were identified: density driven, core area, game species, and pest species zoning. Furthermore, several factors stood out as important in the success or failure of zoning systems: space availability, level of conflict with humans, relative abundance of the species, public support for the zoning system, and the economic and political context of the location. It seems that zoning has the potential to be a successful management tool for large carnivore species if these factors are taken into account during the management planning process.
MONSTR: term graph rewriting for parallel machines

Term graphs locally look like terms, but globally have a more general directed graph structure. A rewriting model gives term graph rule systems an operational semantics and makes them into a general model of computation which one might hope to implement directly on a suitable architecture. Unfortunately, if the architecture is not basically sequential, the demands of the model are too great to make direct implementation a reasonable proposition. Other models may be defined that have better properties and which may be proved equivalent to the original under suitable conditions.
Collaborative Exploration with a Micro Aerial Vehicle: A Novel Interaction Method for Controlling a MAV with a Hand-Held Device

In order to collaboratively explore an environment with a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV), an operator needs a mobile interface, which can support the operator's divided attention. To this end, we developed the Micro Aerial Vehicle Exploration of an Unknown Environment (MAV-VUE) interface, which allows operators with minimal training the ability to remotely explore their environment with a MAV. MAV-VUE employs a concept we term Perceived First-Order (PFO) control, which allows an operator to effectively "fly" a MAV with no risk to the vehicle. PFO control utilizes a position feedback control loop to fly the MAV while presenting rate feedback to the operator. A usability study was conducted to evaluate MAV-VUE. This interface was connected remotely to an actual MAV to explore a GPS-simulated urban environment.
Adverse events and comparison of systematic and voluntary reporting from a paediatric intensive care unit

Background Little is known of the incidence of adverse events in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Perceived incidence may be dependent on data-collection methods. Objective To determine the incidence of adverse events by voluntary reporting and systematic enquiry. Methods Adverse events in PICU were recorded contemporaneously by systematic enquiry with bedside nurses and attending doctors, and compared with data submitted voluntarily to the hospital's quality and safety unit. Events were classified as insignificant, minor, moderate, major and catastrophic or lethal, and assigned origins as medical/surgical diagnosis or management, medical/surgical procedures, medication or miscellaneous. Results Among 740 patients, 524 adverse events (mean 0.71 per patient) occurred in 193 patients (26.1%). Systematic enquiry detected 405 (80%) among 165 patients and were classified by one investigator as insignificant 30 (7%); minor 100 (25%); moderate 160 (37%); major 103(25%) and catastrophic 12 (3%). The coefficient of agreement (kappa) of severity between the two investigators was 0.82 (95% CI 0.78–0.87). Voluntary reporting detected 166 (32%) adverse events among 100 patients, of which 119 were undetected by systematic reporting. Forty-nine events (9%) were detected by both methods. The number and severity of events reported by the two methods were significantly different (p<0.0001). Voluntary reporting, mainly by nurses, did not capture major, severe or catastrophic events related to medical/surgical diagnosis or management. Conclusions Neither voluntary reporting nor systematic enquiry captures all adverse events. While the two methods both capture some events, systematic reporting captures serious events, while voluntary reporting captures mainly insignificant and minor events.
Design of New Low Power Loss Nonmagnetic Water Meter

In this paper, we present a design of new type of water meter with nonmagnetic and low power. Some kinds of flow measurements are analyzed, and we discuss the principle of the nonmagnetic sensor used by LC oscillating circuit measuring water flux in detail. The MSP430FW427 is used as MCU with the function realized by the SCAN IF module without IC circuit external, which improves the precision and sensitivity of flow measurement. It realizes the fluid flow measurement and in this paper the correlative design of hardware and software are introduced.
Endothelin induces tyrosine phosphorylation and GRB2 association of Shc in astrocytes.

While the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway coupled to receptor tyrosine kinases has been largely clarified, little is known about MAPK activation mediated by heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors. In a previous study, it has been shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1) signaling through heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors stimulates MAPK activity in primary cultures of astrocytes (Cazaubon, S., Parker, P. J., Strosberg, A.D., and Couraud, P.O. (1993) Biochem. J. 293, 381-386). To clarify the molecular mechanism responsible for this response, involvement of the adapter proteins, Shc and Grb2, has now been investigated. It is shown here that in these cells, ET-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, resulting in its stable association with Grb2 but not with Grb3-3, a Grb2 isoform with partially deleted SH2 domain. These results demonstrate that tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc specifically interacts with the SH2 domain of Grb2. This response was rapid and transient, showing a maximum at 10 min and declining at 60 min. Interestingly, direct activation of G proteins by fluoroaluminate mimics the ET-1 effect. In addition, a shift to a higher apparent molecular mass of Raf-1 kinase, likely reflecting its hyperphosphorylation, was also detected in ET-1-treated cells. These data strongly suggest that ET-1-induced MAPK activation is a G protein-coupled pathway that involves Shc, Grb2, and probably Raf-1. In conclusion, the Shc-Grb2 complex may be involved in the activation of the MAPK pathway, not only by several receptor tyrosine kinases but also by heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors, such as ET-1 receptors.
Measles Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Hetero-oligomerize in the Endoplasmic Reticulum*

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was investigated as the initial oligomerization site for the envelope glycoproteins H and F of measles virus (MV), a clinically relevant member of the Paramyxoviridae family, and consequences of this interaction for viral replication were studied. Both proteins were tagged at their cytosolic tails with RRR and KKXX motifs, respectively, resulting in their efficient retention in the ER. Co-transfection of the retained constructs with transport competent MV glycoproteins revealed a dominant negative effect on their biological activity indicating intracellular complex formation and thus retention. Pulse-chase analysis and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that this effect is based on both homo- and hetero-oligomerization in the ER. Recombinant viruses additionally expressing ER-retained F showed an altered cytopathic phenotype accompanied by greatly reduced particle release. Similar mutant viruses additionally expressing ER-retained H could not be rescued indicating an even greater negative effect of this protein on virus viability. Our study suggests that both homo- and hetero-oligomerization of MV glycoproteins occur in the ER and that these events are of significance for early steps of particle assembly.
Evidence for Black Duck Winter Distribution Change

Abstract The Mississippi Flyway midwinter population survey (MWS) indicates that American black ducks (Anas rubripes) have been rapidly declining for the last 10 years. We found a negative relationship between MWS and Ontario (Canada) midwinter counts for black ducks. Thus, as number of black ducks in the MWS decreased, Ontario midwinter counts increased. A shift in midwinter distribution of black ducks may be partly responsible for the decreasing trend in MWS counts. We recommend that midwinter black duck surveys be expanded to more sites in southern Canada and northeastern United States that currently are not sampled to better assess winter habitat use and improve the midwinter black-duck population index.
Clinical Practice Models for the Use of E-Mental Health Resources in Primary Health Care by Health Professionals and Peer Workers: A Conceptual Framework

Background Research into e-mental health technologies has developed rapidly in the last 15 years. Applications such as Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy interventions have accumulated considerable evidence of efficacy and some evidence of effectiveness. These programs have achieved similar outcomes to face-to-face therapy, while requiring much less clinician time. There is now burgeoning interest in integrating e-mental health resources with the broader mental health delivery system, particularly in primary care. The Australian government has supported the development and deployment of e-mental health resources, including websites that provide information, peer-to-peer support, automated self-help, and guided interventions. An ambitious national project has been commissioned to promote key resources to clinicians, to provide training in their use, and to evaluate the impact of promotion and training upon clinical practice. Previous initiatives have trained clinicians to use a single e-mental health program or a suite of related programs. In contrast, the current initiative will support community-based service providers to access a diverse array of resources developed and provided by many different groups. Objective The objective of this paper was to develop a conceptual framework to support the use of e-mental health resources in routine primary health care. In particular, models of clinical practice are required to guide the use of the resources by diverse service providers and to inform professional training, promotional, and evaluation activities. Methods Information about service providers’ use of e-mental health resources was synthesized from a nonsystematic overview of published literature and the authors’ experience of training primary care service providers. Results Five emerging clinical practice models are proposed: (1) promotion; (2) case management; (3) coaching; (4) symptom-focused treatment; and (5) comprehensive therapy. We also consider the service provider skills required for each model and the ways that e-mental health resources might be used by general practice doctors and nurses, pharmacists, psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists, counselors, and peer workers Conclusions The models proposed in the current paper provide a conceptual framework for policy-makers, researchers and clinicians interested in integrating e-mental health resources into primary care. Research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of the models in routine care and the best ways to support their implementation.
Changes in Channel Trafficking and Protein Stability Caused by LQT2 Mutations in the PAS Domain of the HERG Channel

Inherited human long-QT2 syndrome (LQTS) results from mutations in the gene encoding the HERG channel. Several LQT2-associated mutations have been mapped to the amino terminal cytoplasmic Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain of the HERG1a channel subunit. Here we have characterized the trafficking properties of some LQT2-associated PAS domain mutants and analyzed rescue of the trafficking mutants by low temperature (27°C) or by the pore blocker drug E4031. We show that the LQT2-associated mutations in the PAS domain of the HERG channel display molecular properties that are distinct from the properties of LQT2-associated mutations in the trans-membrane region. Unlike the latter, many of the tested PAS domain LQT2-associated mutations do not result in trafficking deficiency of the channel. Moreover, the majority of the PAS domain mutations that cause trafficking deficiencies are not rescued by a pore blocking drug. We have also explored the in vitro folding stability properties of isolated mutant PAS domain proteins using a thermal unfolding fluorescence assay and a chemical unfolding assay.
Immunomodulating activity of heparin

Aside from its well‐known anticoagulant action, heparin has many other biologic effects. Recent data emphasize the immunomodulatory effects of low dose heparin. The agent alters the traffic of lymphocytes blocking their expression of heparanase, an enzyme that digests the extracellular matrix allowing cell penetration to target tissues. It also has a weak direct immunosuppressive action in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of heparin may cause immunosuppression, although the effects are weaker than after subcutaneous administration. —Gorski, A. ; Wasik, M. ; Nowaczyk, M. ; Korczak‐Kowalska, G. Immunomodulating activity of heparin. FASEB J. 5: 2287–2291; 1991.
Under Consideration for Publication in J. Functional Programming F U N C T I O N a L P E a R L S Inverting the Burrows-wheeler Transform

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform is a string-to-string transform which, when used as a preprocessing phase in compression, significantly enhances the compression rate. However, it often puzzles people how the inverse transform is carried out. In this pearl we to exploit simple equational reasoning to derive the inverse of the Burrows-Wheeler transform from its specification. We also outline how to derive the inverse of two more general versions of the transform, one proposed by Schindler and the other by Chapin and Tate.
Evaluation of Glycerine from Biodiesel Production as a Feed Ingredient for Broilers

Glycerine from biodiesel production was used as a pure energy source in broiler diets formulated to meet typical commercial standards. In the first experiment, glycerine was added at 0, 5, and 10% of the diet while in the second experiment glycerine was added at 0, 2.5, and 5%. Glycerine was assigned a metabolizable energy value of 3527 ME kcal/kg in formulating the diets. In each experiment the various treatments were assigned to eight replicate pens of 60 male broilers each. In the first experiment, birds fed diets with 5% glycerine did not differ significantly in performance from birds fed the control diet with no glycerine. Birds fed diets with 10% glycerine consumed significantly less feed than did those fed diets with 0 or 5% glycerine and consequently had significantly reduced body weight. It is felt that this was due in large part to reduced flow rate in the feeders used in this study as previous researchers have shown acceptance of higher levels of glycerine. In the second study, birds fed diets with 2.5 or 5% glycerine had growth rate and feed conversion that did not differ significantly from that of birds fed the diet with no glycerine. Breast yield as a percent of the dressed carcass was significantly greater for birds fed diets with 2.5 or 5% glycerine as compared to those fed the diet with no glycerine. These data indicate that glycerine from biodiesel can be a useful energy source for use in broiler diets. Concerns remain regarding acceptable levels of residual methanol resulting from separation of the fatty acids in biodiesel production.