Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delayed rehabilitation with task-specific therapies improves forelimb function after a cervical spinal cord injury.

PURPOSE The effect of activity based therapies on restoring forelimb function in rats was evaluated when initiated one month after a cervical spinal cord injury. METHODS Adult rats received a unilateral over-hemisection of the spinal cord at C4/5, which interrupts the right side of the spinal cord and the dorsal columns bilaterally, resulting in severe impairments in forelimb function with greater impairment on the right side. One month after injury rats were housed in enriched housing and received daily training in reaching, gridwalk, and CatWalk. A subset of rats received rolipram for 10 days to promote axonal plasticity. Rats were tested weekly for six weeks for reaching, elevated gridwalk, CatWalk, and forelimb use during vertical exploration. RESULTS Rats exposed to enriched housing and daily training significantly increased the number of left reaches and pellets grasped and eaten, reduced the number of right forelimb errors on the gridwalk, increased right forelimb use during vertical exploration, recovered more normal step cycles, and reduced their hindlimb base of support on the CatWalk compared to rats in standard cages without daily training. CONCLUSIONS Delayed rehabilitation with enriched housing and daily forelimb training significantly improved skilled, sensorimotor, and automatic forelimb function together after cervical spinal cord injury.
Exploiting unused periodic time for aperiodic service using the extended priority exchange algorithm

Real-time scheduling algorithms that provide responsive aperiodic service in the presence of hard real-time periodic tasks require the creation of a high-priority periodic server task for servicing aperiodic requests. The authors describe the extended priority exchange algorithm, which can provide better aperiodic response than previous aperiodic service algorithms, particularly for cases where the worst-case periodic load is high and little or no utilization is left for a server task. The extended-priority-exchange (EPE) algorithm attains better aperiodic responsiveness by exploiting unused time allocated to periodic tasks for aperiodic service. The average aperiodic response times for the EPE algorithm and four other aperiodic service algorithms (background, polling, deferrable server, and priority exchange) are compared for a range of periodic and aperiodic loads. Simulation results show that for a difference between the average and worst-case periodic load of only 12.5%, the EPE algorithm provides significantly better response times for aperiodic tasks. <<ETX>>
Observations on the distribution and control of Salmonella in commercial duck hatcheries in the UK

ABSTRACT Salmonella infection causes a significant number of cases of gastroenteritis and more serious illnesses in people in the UK and EU. The serovars Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are most frequently associated with foodborne illness in Europe. Whilst control programmes exist to monitor these serovars in the chicken and turkey sectors, no regulatory programme is currently in place for the duck sector. A voluntary industry scheme (Duck Assurance Scheme) was launched in the UK in 2010. Hatcheries act as focal points of Salmonella contamination, in particular if Salmonella-contaminated eggs from positive breeding farms enter the hatchery. Five duck hatcheries were visited in this study and four were positive for Salmonella. S. Typhimurium DT8 and S. Indiana were isolated from hatchery 1 and S. Typhimurium DT41 and S. Senftenberg were isolated from hatchery 3. S. Kottbus, S. Bovismorbificans and S. Senftenberg were isolated from hatchery 2 and S. Kedougou was isolated from hatchery 4. Advice on the control/elimination of Salmonella was provided at each visit and a longitudinal study was undertaken to monitor its effectiveness. Extensive sampling was carried out in the hatcheries visited and the tray wash area and waste/external areas had the highest probability of being contaminated. The hatcher area was also found to be a primary focus of contamination. Improvements of farm and hatchery biosecurity standards have resulted in a reduction of hatchery contamination in this study and in previous investigations. Hatcheries 1 and 5 were cleared of Salmonella, demonstrating that elimination of Salmonella contamination from duck hatcheries is achievable.
Awareness and Perceptions of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Survey of Southeast Asian Rheumatologists

Background:Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common but controversial condition. There appears to be different level of belief of its existence and awareness. We set out to explore the variations of perceptions and awareness of this condition among rheumatologists from the Southeast Asia (SEA) region. Methods:One hundred eight rheumatologists from the participating countries; 28 from Malaysia, 20 from Singapore, 26 from Thailand, 2 from Brunei, and 42 from Indonesia were approached to participate in this survey by answering specific questions regarding their beliefs in relation to FMS; 82% respondents from Malaysia, 100% from Singapore, 92% from Thailand, 100% from Brunei, and 90% from Indonesia completed the questionnaires. Results:Most rheumatologists (92.5%) from SEA believe that FMS is a distinct clinical entity, and also this condition is considered an illness rather than a disease. Eighty-seven percent rheumatologists from SEA believe that FMS is a mixture of medical and psychological illness, 9% believe that FMS is primarily a psychological illness, and 3% believe that it is a medical illness. Only 60% of those in a university setting include FMS in their undergraduate teaching. Eighty-five percent of the respondents ordered blood tests to exclude other serious pathologic conditions, and 100% of the respondents from SEA countries also prescribed some form of drugs to FMS patients. Conclusion:FMS is apparently seen worldwide. This study confirmed that there was a variation of perceptions and knowledge of FMS among rheumatologists from SEA countries. However, most rheumatologists agreed that FMS is a distinct clinical entity with a mixture of medical and psychological factors.
Major Depression as a Risk Factor for High Blood Pressure: Epidemiologic Evidence From a National Longitudinal Study

Objective: To determine whether major depression (MD) leads to an increased risk of new-onset high blood pressure diagnoses. Methods: The data source was the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). The NPHS included a short-form version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-SF) to assess MD and collected self-report data about professionally diagnosed high blood pressure and the use of antihypertensive medications. The analysis included 12,270 respondents who did not report high blood pressure or the use of antihypertensive medications at a baseline interview conducted in 1994. Proportional hazards models were used to compare the incidence of high blood pressure in respondents with and without MD during 10 years of subsequent follow-up. Results: After adjustment for age, the risk of developing high blood pressure was elevated in those with MD. The hazard ratio was 1.6 (95% Confidence Interval = 1.2–2.1), p = . 001, indicating a 60% increase in risk. Adjustment for additional covariates did not alter the association. Conclusions: MD may be a risk factor for new-onset high blood pressure. Epidemiologic data cannot definitely confirm a causal role, and the association may be due to shared etiologic factors. However, the increased risk may warrant closer monitoring of blood pressure in people with depressive disorders. MD = major depression; HR = hazard ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; NPHS = National Population Health Survey; OR = odds ratio; CARDIA Study = Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Rating Scale; CIDI-SF = Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form.
High HIV prevalence, low condom use and gender differences in sexual behaviour among patients with STD-related complaints at a Nairobi primary health care clinic

Of 22,274 patients 12 years old attending a Nairobi primary health care (PHC) clinic, 1076 (4.8%) had STD-related complaints, of whom 980 underwent assessment of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and infrequent condom use. Gonorrhoea, chancroid, syphilis seroactivity, trichomoniasis, or objective signs of STD were found in 78%, and HIV seropositivity in 15% of men and 19% of women. Most women were married, living with a spouse; while most men were single, or married, but living separated from a spouse, Among married men, last sex was with a female sex worker (FSW) or casual partner for 60% not living with a spouse and 26% living with a spouse ( P 0.005). Two or more partners during the past year were reported by 82% of men and 25% of women < ( P 0.001), and 55% of men and 11% of women reported the last partner was high risk. HIV seropositivity among both genders was associated with numbers of partners, and among women, with being widowed or divorced. Only 3% reported use of a condom with the last partner. Among men whose last sex was with a FSW, 74% said the reason for not using a condom was not having one. Thus, infrequent condom use, low condom availability, and gender differences in behaviour necessitate modifying development policies that separate families; and better coordination between family planning, PHC, and AIDS/STD programmes, with improved supply, social marketing and community-based distribution of condoms in high-risk settings for STD/HIV prevention. <
Evaluating information security investments using the analytic hierarchy process

In today's information-based economy, organizations must avoid costly information security breaches. Unfortunately, organizations cannot make all of their information 100% secure all of the time. There are economic, as well as technical, impediments that prevent perfect information security. Accordingly, organizations usually prepare an annual fixed (limited) budget for the maintenance and improvement of their information security systems. Two key issues confront the chief information security officer (CISO) of an organization: how to spend this limited information security budget most effectively, and how to make the case to the organization's chief financial officer (CFO) for an increase in funds to further enhance the organization's information security. The primary objective of this article is to show how to use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to address these two information security issues.
Finishing Effect of Maiwa Yak by Supply Feed in Warm Season

In this study, we feed 28 Maiwa yak in four levels: three group supply feed in three levels and the forth group (CK) is not supply feed besides grazing. The average weight gain of three groups that supply feed is 67.73kg, the average daily weight gain is 451.67g, and the rate of relative weight gain is 47%. The average weight gain of the group (A) which with highest supply feed is more than the group (D) which not supply feed by 34.5kg and A has more daily weight gain than D by 230g. So, we can conclude that supply feed to yak in warm season can improve the growth rate of the yak and shorten the feeding time in alpine pasturing area.
MCNet: Crowdsourcing wireless performance measurements through the eyes of mobile devices

Measurement of network performance in complex WiFi networks, such as in corporations and universities, is an important but challenging task, as wireless performance in networks with many access points is hard to measure and model. We demonstrate that crowdsourcing the task of measuring WiFi performance is an effective solution to this problem. By measuring performance directly with unmodified consumer mobile devices such as smartphones, it is possible to cheaply and easily detect problems that matter to users. Aggregated performance data across clients can then provide a global view of performance trends in an enterprise network. We demonstrate that periodic sampling allows the collection of representative data while keeping battery consumption low, and we leverage mobile sensor information to intelligently schedule these measurements. This system was deployed in two different large WLANs, where we discovered numerous previously undetected performance problems.
Dynamic rate adaptation for wireless multicast

Most communication styles in tactical networks are one-to-many communications, which is multicast transmission. Recently, tactical networks has been evolving to Ad-Hoc-like distributed networks with OFDM-based Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW). In this paper, novel rate-adaptive multicast transmission method over OFDM-based wireless networks is proposed. Transmission rate for wireless multicast over Ad-Hoc Networks has always been the lowest data rate without dynamic link-adaptation. Even though it degrades the performances of networks, implementing dynamic rate adaptation over wireless multicast seems impossible because it causes overhead increasing as a function of the number of member stations. The MAC protocol proposed in this paper utilizes OFDMA mechanism, so that all members can report their rate preferences at one time without increasing overhead. A multicast source is able to find each member's rate preference from the multiple three-OFDM symbols arrived simultaneously. From the rate-preferences from all members, the source dynamically choose appropriate data rate for upcoming multicast data transmission. As a result, the proposed protocol increases network performances comparing with the multicast transmission using the lowest and constant data rate. It is proven through the extensive simulations.
Slot antenna for short pulse radiation

With the advances in digital communication the need for ultra wideband antennas (UWB) has increased. UWB antennas also have applications in medical diagnostics [1,2] and radar systems [3,4]. Examples of UWB antennas include loaded dipoles [5], loaded bowties, conical antennas [6,7] and V slot antenna. The magnetic slot antenna has been shown to have ultra wideband properties [8], however its performance degrades for very short pulses (pulse with duration less than 0.5 ns). In this paper we make use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method [9] to design an optimal (perhaps counterintuitive) design for the magnetic slot antenna. In this research the accuracy of method of moments (MoM) full-wave solutions and the robustness of the evolutionary optimization approach are combined.
Theft attitudes and dynamics in an upper-middle socioeconomic level school

El robo escolar es un problema muy común en colegios de todas las localidades de Bogotá. Con el propósito de profundizar sobre este fenómeno, se realizaron encuestas, entrevistas y grupos focales con noventa estudiantes de un colegio privado de nivel socioeconómico medioalto. Los resultados indicaron que los robos en este colegio se realizan, por lo general, de manera espontánea e individual, y que los objetos robados se utilizan para uso personal y no para la venta. A pesar de que la mayoría de los estudiantes rechazan los robos, algunos minimizan su gravedad cuando la víctima tiene muchos recursos o presume de sus posesiones, o si ha dejado sus objetos descuidados. Estos resultados contrastan con un estudio similar realizado previamente en una escuela con presencia de pandillas juveniles, el cual mostró que los robos eran realizados de manera planeada por grupos de estudiantes que dividían sus roles y vendían lo robado por fuera del colegio. A pesar de las diferencias entre colegios, la presente investigación resalta la necesidad de que se tomen en serio las denuncias de los estudiantes, se apliquen normas de manera consistente, se promueva empatía frente a las ! "#$%&'()('*("+*'#$,-*-(.+'#$/"&"$,-*'(0+*(%$-$%$1&-(2&( gravedad de los robos. Para citar este artículo: Chaux, E.; Camargo, D. C.; León, M. & Trujillo, D. (2013). Actitudes y dinámicas de robo en un colegio de nivel socioeconómico medio-alto. Revista Criminalidad, enero-abril, Vol. 55 (1), pp. 11-29.
Prokineticin 1 mediates fetal-maternal dialogue regulating endometrial leukemia inhibitory factor

Implantation requires communication between a receptive endometrium and a healthy blastocyst. This maternal‐embryonic crosstalk involves local mediators within the uterine microenvironment. We demonstrate that a secreted protein, prokineticin 1 (PROK1), is expressed in the receptive endometrium and during early pregnancy. PROK1 induces expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in endometrial epithelial cells and first trimester decidua via a Gq‐Ca2+‐cSrc‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase‐mediated pathway. We show that human embryonic chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) induces sequential mRNA expression of PROK1 and LIF in an in vivo baboon model, in human endometrial epithelial cells, and in first‐trimester decidua. We have used micro RNA constructs targeted to PROK1 to demonstrate that hCG‐mediated LIF expression in the endometrium is dependent on prior induction of PROK1. Dual immu‐nohistochemical analysis colocalized expression of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor, PROK1, PROKR1, and LIF to the glandular epithelial cells of the first trimester decidual tissue. PROK1 enhances adhesion of trophoblast cells to fibronectin and laminin matrices, which are mediated predominantly via LIF induction. These data describe a novel signaling pathway mediating maternal‐embryonic crosstalk, in which embryonic hCG via endometrial PROK1 may play a pivotal role in enhancing receptivity and maintaining early pregnancy. —Evans, J., Catalano, R. D. , Brown, P., Sherwin, R. , Critchley, H. O. D. , Fazleabas, A. T. , Jabbour, H. N. Prokineticin 1 mediates fetal‐maternal dialogue regulating endometrial leukemia inhibitory factor. FASEBJ. 23, 2165–2175 (2009)
Nuclear PP2A-Cdc55 prevents APC-Cdc20 activation during the spindle assembly checkpoint

Summary Cdc55, a regulatory B-subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex, is essential for the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) in budding yeast, but the regulation and molecular targets of PP2A-Cdc55 have not been clearly defined or are controversial. Here, we show that an important target of Cdc55 in the SAC is the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) coupled with Cdc20 and that APC-Cdc20 is kept inactive by dephosphorylation by nuclear PP2A-Cdc55 when spindle is damaged. By isolating a new class of Cdc55 mutants specifically defective in the SAC and by artificially manipulating nucleocytoplasmic distribution of Cdc55, we further show that nuclear Cdc55 is essential for the SAC. Because the Cdc55-binding proteins Zds1 and Zds2 inhibit both nuclear accumulation of Cdc55 and SAC activity, we propose that spatial control of PP2A by Zds1 family proteins is important for tight control of SAC and mitotic progression.
Effects of BMY-21502 on anoxia in mice.

The protective effects of BMY-21502 (1-[[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-4-piperidinyl]methyl]-2- pyrrolidinone) against cerebral anoxia were investigated using various models in mice, in comparison with those of other cerebroactive drugs. Oral administration of BMY-21502 (10-100 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the survival time in KCN (2.4 mg/kg, i.v.)-induced anoxia. Oxiracetam and idebenone exerted similar but weak protection at doses above 100 mg/kg, p.o. and only at a dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o. , respectively. Significant protection by BMY-21502 against moderate hypobaric hypoxia was observed at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. Idebenone (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prolonged the survival time of mice in this model, but oxiracetam (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.) did not. Oral administration of all of these drugs (BMY-21502, 3-300 mg/kg; Oxiracetam, 100-1000 mg/kg; Idebenone, 100-1000 mg/kg) failed to increase the number of gasps and the duration of gasping in the decapitated head of mice as a complete ischemic model. The anti-anoxic effect of BMY-21502 in the KCN-anoxia model was blocked by pretreatment with scopolamine. These findings suggest that BMY-21502 has an anti-anoxic action superior to those of the other cerebroactive drugs used, and activation of the CNS cholinergic system is involved as one of the causative mechanisms for the anti-anoxic effect of BMY-21502.
Are the Dietary Guidelines for Meat, Fat, Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Appropriate for Environmental Sustainability? A Review of the Literature

This paper reviews the current literature around the environmental impacts of dietary recommendations. The focus of the review is on collating evidence relating to environmental impacts of the dietary advice found in the World Health Organisation guidelines, and environmental impact literature: reducing the consumption of fat, reducing the consumption of meat-based protein and animal-based foods, and increasing the consumption of fruit and vegetables. The environmental impact of reducing dietary fat intake is unclear, although reducing consumption of the food category of edible fats and oils appears to have little impact. However most, but not all, studies support environmental benefits of a reduced consumption of animal-based foods and increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. In general, it appears that adhering to dietary guidelines reduces impact on the environment, but further study is required to examine the environmental impacts of animal-based foods, and fruit and vegetable intake in depth.
Prerequisites for Sustainable Government Borrowing Within Currency Board System

Abstract. Financial stability of an economy is one of the most important priorities in many countries around the world. Although in many cases financial resources are preferably generated within a given economy, often there is a necessity to borrow the funds abroad. In order to maintain the sustainability of the economy, the borrowing abroad also should comply with the certain respective regulations. Specific regulations depend on the peculiarities of the economy itself. There is a complex set of the factors to be considered when analyzing the sustainability of the economy. In this article, the importance of the monetary system arrangement is emphasized, namely the case of currency board system is analyzed. The aim of the paper is to reveal the prerequisites for sustainable government borrowing within currency board system.The main research methods used are systematization and generalization of the scientific literature, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the primary and secondary data, graphic presentation of the data and results. Also the case of Lithuania’s government borrowing is presented. For the evaluation of risk, @Risk package has been used. Conclusions of the paper provide the review of both general and the specific prerequisites for sustainable government borrowing within currency board system.DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 27.2. 13753