Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Maternal Metabolites and Metabolite Networks with Newborn Outcomes in a Multi-Ancestry Cohort

The in utero environment is important for newborn size at birth, which is associated with childhood adiposity. We examined associations between maternal metabolite levels and newborn birthweight, sum of skinfolds (SSF), and cord C-peptide in a multinational and multi-ancestry cohort of 2337 mother–newborn dyads. Targeted and untargeted metabolomic assays were performed on fasting and 1 h maternal serum samples collected during an oral glucose tolerance test performed at 24–32 week gestation in women participating in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study. Anthropometric measurements were obtained on newborns at birth. Following adjustment for maternal BMI and glucose, per-metabolite analyses demonstrated significant associations between maternal metabolite levels and birthweight, SSF, and cord C-peptide. In the fasting state, triglycerides were positively associated and several long-chain acylcarnitines were inversely associated with birthweight and SSF. At 1 h, additional metabolites including branched-chain amino acids, proline, and alanine were positively associated with newborn outcomes. Network analyses demonstrated distinct clusters of inter-connected metabolites significantly associated with newborn phenotypes. In conclusion, numerous maternal metabolites during pregnancy are significantly associated with newborn birthweight, SSF, and cord C-peptide independent of maternal BMI and glucose, suggesting that metabolites in addition to glucose contribute to newborn size at birth and adiposity.
Comparison of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of single crystal pentaerythritol tetranitrate using atomic force microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis: Implications on coarsening mechanisms

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a secondary energetic material generally used in initiators for industrial and government applications. Changes in the morphology and surface area of aging powders have been observed during aging, which can modify the initiability and performance. Here work is presented using two different techniques to determine kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of single crystal PETN. Atomic force microscopy is used for low-temperature analysis, while thermogravimetric analysis is used at higher temperatures. A mechanism is proposed to expand the understanding of coarsening observed in real world PETN.
On the Lyapunov function for the rotating Benard problem

In this paper we study the nonlinear Lyapunov stability of the conduction-diusion solution in a layer of a rotating Newtonian uid, heated and salted from below. If we reformulate the nonlinear stability problem, projecting the ini- tial perturbation evolution equations on some suitable orthogonal sub- spaces, we preserve the contribution of the Coriolis term, and jointly all the nonlinear terms vanish. We prove that, if the principle of exchange of stabilities holds, the linear and nonlinear stability bounds are equal. We nd that the non- linear stability bound is nothing else but the critical Rayleigh number obtained solving the linear instability problem.
Neotropical Frog Foam Nest’s Microbiomes

Amphibian foam nests are unique microenvironments that play a crucial role in the development of tadpoles. They contain high levels of proteins and carbohydrates, yet little is known about the impact of their microbiomes on tadpole health. This study provides a first characterization of the microbiome of foam nests from three species of Leptodactylids (Adenomera hylaedactyla, Leptodactylus vastus, and Physalaemus cuvieri) by investigating the DNA extracted from foam nests, adult tissues, soil, and water samples, analyzed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to gain insight into the factors driving its composition. The results showed that the dominant phyla were proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, and firmicutes, with the most abundant genera being Pseudomonas, Sphingobacterium, and Paenibacillus. The foam nest microbiomes of A. hylaedactyla and P. cuvieri were more similar to each other than to that of L. vastus, despite their phylogenetic distance. The foam nests demonstrated a distinct microbiome that clustered together and separated from the microbiomes of the environment and adult tissue samples. This suggests that the peculiar foam nest composition shapes its microbiome, rather than vertical or horizontal transference forces. We expanded this knowledge into amphibian foam nest microbiomes, highlighting the importance of preserving healthy foam nests for amphibian conservation.
How Digital Skills Affect Rural Labor Employment Choices? Evidence from Rural China

Expanding employment channels for rural households is a crucial means of enhancing the income of rural residents and enhancing the quality of rural employment. This study examines the impact of digital skills on rural laborers’ employment choices and explores the underlying mechanisms by using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) spanning 2014–2018. By employing various models, including the Probit, IV, mediated effects, and propensity-score-matching methods, the study reveals that digital skills have a significant impact on rural laborers’ employment choices. Specifically, digital skills increase rural labor’s employment opportunities in nonfarm and employed employment while reducing the proportion of informal employment. Additionally, the analysis indicates that the main channels through which digital skills influence rural labor’s employment choices are human and social capital. A heterogeneity analysis further reveals that work-study and social-entertainment skills have a more significant effect on rural laborers’ nonfarm and employed employment opportunities while inhibiting informal employment. Hence, to enhance the quality of future rural employment, the government must encourage rural workers to enhance their digital literacy and digital application skills while improving digital infrastructure.
Exact convergence of a parallel textured algorithm for constrained economic dispatch control problems

The constrained real power economic dispatch control problem is solved in parallel by a textured decomposition based algorithm. Sufficient conditions and rigorous proofs for the proposed algorithm to converge to the global minimum solution are described. It is first shown that, for a textured decomposition, the algorithm always converges to a stationary point, which may not be a global minimum. Then, it is proved that, if the conditions of the exact convergence theorem are satisfied, the textured algorithm will converge to a global minimum. <<ETX>>
A rigorous theoretical analysis for an In0.53Ga0.47As/InP single photon avalanche photodiode under Geiger mode operation

A rigorous theoretical model for In0.53Ga0. 47As/InP single photon avalanche photodiodes operated in the Geiger mode is developed to calculate dark count probabilities over a wide range of temperatures and widths of multiplication layer. Both nonlocal ionization and low field impact ionization in the absorption layer are considered in this model. The calculated results confirm that impact ionization in the absorption and charge layers increases the dark count probability. The primary mechanism of dark counts depends on both device structure and operating conditions. For a 1 µm multiplication width, the dominant mechanism of the dark counts at a temperature above 233 K is the generation–recombination in the absorber while at a temperature below 233 K the tunnelling effect in the multiplication layer begins to dominate.
Physics of Vortical Flows

Separation in three-dimensional flows leads to the formation of vortical structures resulting from rolling up of the viscous flow "sheet," initially contained in a thin boundary layer, which springs up from the surface into the outer perfect fluid flow. A clear physical understanding of this phenomenon must be based on a rational analysis of the flowfield structure using the critical-point theory. With the help of this theory, it is possible to interpret correctly the surface flow patterns that constitute the imprints of the outer flow and to give a rational and coherent description of the vortical system generated by separation. This kind of analysis is applied to separated flows forming on typical obstacles, the field of which has been thoroughly studied by means of visualizations and probings using multihole pressure probes and laser velocimetry. Thus, the skin friction line patterns of a transonic channel flow and of a multibody launcher are interpreted. Then, the vortical systems of a delta wing and an afterbody at an incidence are considered. The last two configurations are a missile fuselage-type body and an oblate ellipsoid. I. Introduction F LIGHT at high-incidenc e of combat aircraft or hypersonic vehicles during re-entry, as well as that of tactical missiles, raises practical interest on the study of three-dimensional separated flows. Applications also concern internal flows, in particular air intakes and turbomachines in which the often complex geometry of the channel and the existence of shock waves almost inevitably lead to boundary-laye r separation. In three-dimensional flows, separation entails the formation of vortical structures—frequently, but improperly, called vortices to simplify—form ed by rolling up of the viscous flow "sheet," previously confined in a thin layer attached to the wall, which suddenly springs into the outer nondissipative flow. Although it has been known for a long time, this phenomenon is still incompletely understood from a physical point of view and it is delicate to model due to the flowfield complexity, all the components of which are difficult to capture properly. Many predictive methods are based on perfect fluid models, the first of which use the vortex sheet concept. Such a sheet is defined as a surface of tangential discontinuity for the velocity field. The computational method can use different schemes: doublets, vortex filaments, vortex particles, and so forth. Publications in this domain are too numerous to be cited here. A greater accuracy in flow prediction can be obtained in the solution of the complete Euler equations, which allows, in theory, automatic capture of sheet-like disconti
Cooperative process in Y3Al5O12:Er3+ crystals

Measurements were made of the rate constants of transfer of the excitation energy by the interaction between Er3+ ions excited to 4I11/2,13/2 states in Y3Al5O12 crystals. The constants were used to determine the influence of the cooperative processes on lasing of an Y3Al5O12:Er3+ crystal as a result of the 4I11/2–4I13/2 transition.
A Partial Picture, Without a Frame: Measuring Quality of Life in Cystic Fibrosis Caregivers

ABSTRACT Background Significant advances in the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have extended life expectancy, increasing the number of CF caregivers who deliver demanding daily treatment regimens and manage uncertainty. With the impact these changes have on CF caregivers, it is critical to understand CF caregiver quality of life (QoL). Purpose To examine how QoL is measured in CF caregiver research and identify which QoL domains from the World Health Organization (WHO) framework are represented in CF caregiver QoL outcomes. Methods Literature published from 2003 to the present was searched to identify all relevant articles in online academic databases related to measurement of CF caregiver QoL. Results Findings suggest there is inconsistency within QoL measurement with CF caregivers and no existing scale accounts for all aspects of CF caregiver QoL from the WHO’s framework. Discussion The disconnect between how CF caregiver QoL is measured and how it is defined presents a challenge in utilizing information gleaned to best provide targeted and relevant services and resources to CF caregivers. Translation to Health Education Practice: A better understanding of caregiver QoL across all WHO domains will allow development of targeted programs to adequately address challenges for CF caregivers.
Comparing the Evolutionary Trajectories of Industry 4.0 and 5.0: A Management Fashion Perspective

The concept of Industry 4.0 has received enormous levels of attention since it was introduced in 2011 and continues to be a dominant management trend. However, during the last few years, Industry 5.0 has emerged as an alternative visionary management concept. Although Industry 5.0 builds on and is related to its predecessor, it provides a different vision of the future of industry. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to carry out an in-depth examination of these two related management concepts, using management fashion theory as an interpretive framework and lens. Viewing Industry 4.0 and 5.0 from this vantage point involves analyzing and tracing the involvement activities of the suppliers of the two concepts as well as gauging the concepts’ demand-side impact. Generally, the comparative analysis of the cases of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 indicates that, while the growth and popularity of Industry 4.0 appear to have plateaued, it remains at a high level. Although Industry 5.0 is growing in popularity and is gaining followers and supporters, it is still a much more marginal concept and movement. This study contributes to the management fashion literature by showing how two highly related but competing management concept movements coevolve. Furthermore, the two cases provide novel insights into the trajectories and lifecycles of fashionable management concepts, in particular, the early phase where actors are actively attempting to generate credibility and legitimacy and drum up support and enthusiasm for their preferred ideas.
Magnetic and transport properties of the ferromagnetic semiconductor heterostructures (In,Mn)As/(Ga,Al)Sb

We have investigated the magnetic and transport properties of ~In,Mn! As thin films grown on a~Ga,Al! Sb layer. Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is observed for the ~In,Mn! As layer, the thickness of which is less than the critical value required for relaxation of lattice-mismatch-induced strain. The anomalous Hall coefficient is found to be approximately proportional to the square of resistivity in the low-field region. Large negative magnetoresistance is found to occur over a magnetic field range significantly wider than that for the ferromagnetic hysteresis loop. @S0163-1829 ~98! 04344-6#
Various Techniques for Molecular and Rapid Detection of Infectious and Epidemic Diseases

Polymerase chain reaction is an approach to make numerous copies of specific DNA. PCR has been applied for the investigation of infectious sicknesses caused by viral, protozoan, bacterial, fungal, or other infectious factors. This review manuscript aims to survey the usage of PCR, LAMP, RPA, and RAA in rapid detection and highlight molecular detection of various diseases and pathogens. Scientific sources like Science Direct, PubMed, Research gate, Scopus, and Google Scholar with highlighting on Science Direct and Scopus have been applied. A review of the literature was prepared by using the keywords PCR, LAMP, infectious disease, pathogen, RAA, RPA, and virus. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification method presenting the substitute to PCR. The LAMP assay is more rapid than nested PCR, is cost-efficient, and is simple to perform. LAMP technology has been widely used for the detection of crop pests, human pathogenic, pathogenic, organisms, bacteria, and components in meat products. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a new isothermal technique to amplify the DNA as well as RPA. RPA combined the advantages of isothermal PCR with clarity and rapid amplification. Recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay has been successfully applied in the detection of bacterial and viral pathogens and controls the technical problems posed by DNA amplification techniques because it does not require thermal denaturation of the template and utilizes at a debilitated and continuous temperature. This manuscript has highlighted the importance of PCR and molecular detection as significant tools in the detection of infectious organisms, pathogens, toxins, and biological research.
Um Modelo de Fatores Latentes com Variáveis Macroeconômicas para a Curva de Cupom Cambial

Recently, a myriad of factor models including macroeconomic variables have been proposed to analyze the yield curve. We present an alternative factor model where term structure movements are captured by Legendre polynomials mimicking the statistical factor movements identified by Litterman e Scheinkmam (1991). We estimate the model with Brazilian Foreign Exchange Coupon data, adopting a Kalman filter, under two versions: the first uses only latent factors and the second includes macroeconomic variables. We study its ability to predict out-of-sample term structure movements, when compared to a random walk. We also discuss results on the impulse response function of macroeconomic variables.
DROUGHTS ASSESSMENT IN THE VUGIA-THUBON RIVER BASIN USING REMOTE SENSING

This study has implemented an index-based approach for monitoring the droughts in the Vu Gia – Thu Bon river basin using remote sensing data and the Google Earth Engine cloud computing service. Landsat series remotely sensed data had been used effectively for the time-series calculation of the indices related to the drought hazard. In this study, we examined the performance of several remote sensing-based drought indices (RSDI) for monitoring droughts in the VuGia - ThuBon river basin (VGTB) from January 2010 to December 2020 using the cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) computational platform. When tested again in-situ Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) and Soil temperature, a high agreement exists between our RSDI and PET. These results prove that remote sensing data can be an alternative solution for monitoring drought when remote sensing is the only available source.
A Coordinated Optimal Operation of a Grid-Connected Wind-Solar Microgrid Incorporating Hybrid Energy Storage Management Systems

The hybrid-energy storage systems (ESSs) are promising eco-friendly power converter devices used in a wide range of applications. However, their insufficient lifespan is one of the key issues by hindering their large-scale commercial application. In order to extend the lifespan of the hybrid-ESSs, the cost functions proposed in this paper include the degradation of the hydrogen devices and the battery. Indeed, this paper aims to develop a sophisticated model predictive control strategy for a grid-connected wind and solar microgrid, which includes a hydrogen-ESS, a battery-ESS, and the interaction with external consumers, e.g., battery/fuel cell electric vehicles. The integrated system requires the management of its energy production in different forms, i.e., the electric and the hydrogen ones. The proposed strategy consists of the economical and operating costs of the hybrid-ESSs, the degradation issues, and the physical and dynamic constraints of the system. The mixed-logic dynamic framework is required to model the operating modes of the hybrid-ESSs and the switches between them. The effectiveness of the controller is analyzed by numerical simulations which are conducted using solar and wind generation profiles of solar panels and wind farms located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Such simulations, indeed, show that the proposed strategy appropriately manages the plant by fulfilling constraints and energy requests while reducing device costs and increasing battery life.
Mixture Experiments: Geometry and Pseudocomponents

Constraints, in the form of upper and lower bounds, are often placed on the components of mixtures. These constraints restrict the size of the experimental region and may alter its shape. A transformation from the original components to new variables, called pseudocomponents, is typically used to reduce the ill conditioning created by the restricted size of the experimental region. If the experimental region is a simplex, the pseudocomponent transformation is also used to adapt standard designs to the experimental region. A new pseudocomponent transformation is introduced, and the conditions under which it is preferable to the usual pseudocomponent transformation are given. The effect of changing the constraints on both the size and shape of the experimental region is discussed.
The Clinical Role of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Assessment of Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction

Echocardiography is the gold standard clinical tool for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and is used to validate other cardiac imaging modalities in measuring diastolic dysfunction. We examined Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) in detecting diastolic dysfunction using the time-volume curve-derived parameters compared to echocardiographic diastolic parameters. We evaluated patients who underwent both CMR and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) within 2 ± 1 weeks of each other. On echo, Doppler/Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) measurements were obtained. On CMR, peak filling rate (PFR), time to PFR (TPFR), 1/3 filling fraction (1/3FF), and 1/3 filling rate (1/3FR) were calculated from the time-volume curve. Using the commonly employed E/A ratio, 44.4% of patients were found to have LVDD. Using septal E/E′ and lateral E/E′, 29.6% and 48.1% of patients had LVDD, respectively. Correlation was found between left atrial (LA) size and E/A ratio (R = −0.36). Using LVDD criteria for CMR, 63% of patients had diastolic dysfunction. CMR predicted LVDD in 66.7% of the cases. CMR-derived diastolic filling parameters provided a relatively easy and promising method for the assessment of LVDD and can predict the presence of LVDD as assessed by traditional Doppler and TDI methods.
On trapping mechanisms at oxide-traps in Al2O3/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors

By means of combined current-voltage and capacitance-voltage sweep and transient measurements, we present the effects of forward-bias stress and charge trapping mechanisms at oxide traps in Al2O3/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors grown in-situ by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Two main current-voltage regimes have been identified: a low-field regime characterized by low gate-current and low flat-band voltage instabilities, and a high-field regime triggered for oxide field greater than 3.3 MV/cm and characterized by the onset of parasitic leakage current and positive flat-band shift. In the low-voltage regime, gate current transients convey stress/relaxation kinetics based on a power-law, suggesting that tunneling trapping mechanisms occur at near-interface traps aligned with the GaN conduction-band minimum. In the high-voltage regime, devices experience parasitic conduction mechanisms and enhanced charge-trapping at oxide-traps revealed by very slow recovery transients.