Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine models for query processing

The massive data sets that have to be processed in many application areas are often far too large to fit completely into a computer’s internal memory. When evaluating queries on such large data sets, the resulting communication between fast internal memory and slower external memory turns out to be a major performance bottleneck. Modern software and database technologies use clever heuristics to minimize the costs produced by external memory accesses. There has been a wealth of research on query processing and optimization along these lines (cf. e.g. [31, 16, 40, 27]), and it seems that the current technologies scale up to current user expectations. Our theoretical understanding of the problems involved, however, is not quite as developed. Most results concerning the computational complexity of query languages are formulated in terms of classical complexity classes such as PTIME or PSPACE. Two examples of such results are that the combined complexity of evaluating relational algebra queries is PSPACE-complete [38, 37] and that the combined complexity of evaluating acyclic conjunctive queries belongs to PTIME [42] and is in fact LogCFL-complete [15]. The classes considered in computational complexity theory are usually based on Turing machines or random access machines, i.e., on machine models that do not take into account the existence of multiple storage media of varying sizes and access characteristics. Since the performance bottleneck for communicating between such storage media is completely ignored in classical complexity classes, “classical” results on the complexity of query evaluation only give a very rough measure of the complexity of query evaluation on a real computer. In recent years, a number of machine models have been developed that take into account the existence of multiple storage media of varying sizes and access characteristics. These models are particularly useful for studying the complexity of query evaluation on massive data sets. The present paper gives an overview of such machine models. The two “extreme” models are the (very powerful) external memory model, presented in Section 2,
Neuromorphic Computing Based on Silicon Photonics and Reservoir Computing

We present our latest progress using new neuromorphic paradigms for optical information processing in silicon photonics. We show how passive reservoir computing chips can be used to perform a variety of tasks (bit level tasks, nonlinear dispersion compensation, etc.) at high speeds and low power consumption. In addition, we present a spatial analog of reservoir computing based on pillar scatterers and a cavity that can be used to speed up classification of biological cells.
Making real time data analytics available as a service

Conducting (big) data analytics in an organization is not just about using a processing framework (e.g. Hadoop/Spark) to learn a model from data currently in a single file system (e.g. HDFS). We frequently need to pipeline real time data from other systems into the processing framework, and continually update the learned model. The processing frameworks need to be easily invokable for different purposes to produce different models. The model and the subsequent model updates need to be integrated with a product that may require a real time prediction using the latest trained model. All these need to be shared among different teams in the organization for different data analytics purposes. In this paper, we propose a real time data-analytics-as-service architecture that uses RESTful web services to wrap and integrate data services, dynamic model training services (supported by big data processing framework), prediction services and the product that uses the models. We discuss the challenges in wrapping big data processing frameworks as services and other architecturally significant factors that affect system reliability, real time performance and prediction accuracy. We evaluate our architecture using a log-driven system operation anomaly detection system where staleness of data used in model training, speed of model update and prediction are critical requirements.
What Do People Want to Feel and Why?

It is typically assumed that people always want to feel good. Recent evidence, however, demonstrates that people want to feel unpleasant emotions, such as anger or fear, when these emotions promote the attainment of their long-term goals. If emotions are regulated for instrumental reasons, people should want to feel pleasant emotions when immediate benefits outweigh future benefits, but when future benefits outweigh immediate benefits, people may prefer to feel useful emotions, even if they are unpleasant. In this article, I describe an instrumental account of emotion regulation, review empirical evidence relevant to it, and discuss its implications for promoting adaptive emotional experiences.
Enhanced static Fano coding

Statistical coding techniques have been used for a long time in lossless data compression, using methods such as Huffman's algorithm, arithmetic coding, Shannon's method, Fano's method, etc. Most of these methods can be implemented either statically or adaptively. Canonical codes, in which the code words are arranged in a lexicographical order, are advantageous because they can be decoded extremely expediently. Although Huffman's algorithm is optimal, the generation of a canonical Huffman code is not straightforward. Conversely, while the Fano coding is sub-optimal, it can lead to canonical codes. In this paper, we resolve the dilemma by focusing on the static implementation of Fano's method. By taking advantage of the properties of the encoding schemes generated by this method, and the concept of "code word arrangement", we present an enhanced version of the static Fano's method, namely Fano/sup +/. We formally analyze Fanol by presenting some properties of Fano trees, and the theory of list rearrangements. Our enhanced algorithm achieves compression ratios arbitrarily close to those of Huffman's algorithm. Empirical results on files of the Canterbury corpus corroborate the almost-optimal efficiency of our enhanced algorithm and its canonical nature. We believe that the compression efficiency of Fano+ can be made to attain the compression ratios of the best known schemes if a structure model of the data is also incorporated.
Seeing Double: Race, Gender, and Coverage of Minority Women's Campaigns for the U.S. House of Representatives

At the U.S. 2012 general election, six minority women were newly elected to the House of Representatives, a net increase from 21 to 23, and a rise from 23% to 27% as a proportion of all women in the House (CAWP 2010, 2012). Among this group was Iraq War veteran Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI 2nd District), the first Hindu American to serve in Congress. Despite generally positive coverage, her local paper also framed Gabbard's identity as an “underdog … on the margins of popular respectability. ” In Utah, Mormon Mia Love ran the first viable black female Republican campaign, securing 47% of the vote in the state's overwhelmingly white 4th District. Love was frequently framed positively as a “historic candidate” and was invited to speak at the GOP convention that year. Despite this, her self-portrayal as a product of the American dream—linking her second-generation Haitian identity to her partisan politics—drew sharp criticism. Local campaign coverage even interrogated the legality of her family history with headlines such as “Love's Immigrant Story may be True, but Some Questions Linger. ”
Neural Correlates of Intention

At the behavioral level, we are constantly engaged in sensing the environment and performing ecologically relevant motor acts. The neural activity patterns that give rise to the initiation of such motor acts are still poorly understood. Early studies by Deecke and Libet have demonstrated robust changes in neural activity (as measured with scalp EEG), that begin several hundreds of milliseconds prior to the overt performance of a voluntary motor act. Interestingly these changes in neural activity start even before the subjective time point at which the subjects first feel the urge to move. These findings have set the stage for examining the neural underpinnings of volition, and initiation of voluntary actions over the past 40 years. Primate studies, neuroimaging studies in healthy human subjects, case reports of pathological conditions, and invasive electrophysiological data obtained from patients, all support a model in which the intention to perform an action results from coordinated pre-conscious activity of neuron assemblies in parietal and frontal circuits. In the current chapter, we discuss neurophysiological studies examining the relationship between neural activity and the emergence of the subjective feeling of intention to act.
Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for cohort studies in rural Japan

Abstract Objectives: To examine the validity and reproducibility of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used for two cohort studies in Japan. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two rural towns in the Miyagi Prefecture, in north-eastern Japan. Subjects: Fifty-five men and 58 women. Results: A 40-item FFQ was administered twice, 1 year apart. In the mean time, four 3-day diet records (DRs) were collected in four seasons within the year. We calculated daily consumption of total energy and 15 nutrients, 40 food items and nine food groups from the FFQs and the DRs. We computed Spearman correlation coefficients between the FFQs and the DRs. With adjustment for age, total energy and deattenuation for measurement error with the DRs, the correlation coefficients for nutrient intakes ranged from 0.25 to 0.58 in men and from 0.30 to 0.69 in women, with median of 0.43 and 0.43, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients was 0.35 (−0.30 to 0.72) in men and 0.34 (−0.06 to 0.75) in women for food items and 0.60 (−0.10 to 0.76) and 0.51 (0.28–0.70) for food groups, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients for the two FFQs administered 1 year apart was 0.49 (0.31–0.71) in men and 0.50 (0.40–0.64) in women for nutrients, 0.43 (0.14–0.76) and 0.45 (0.06–0.74) respectively for food items, and 0.50 (0.30–0.70) and 0.57 (0.39–0.66) respectively for food groups. Relatively higher agreement percentages for intakes of nutrients and food groups with high validity were obtained together with lower complete disagreement percentages. Conclusions: The FFQ has a high reproducibility and a reasonably good validity, and is useful in assessing the usual intakes of nutrients, foods and food groups among a rural Japanese population.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in Brazil: A national survey

AIM To evaluate bacterial resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in Brazil using molecular methods. METHODS The primary antibiotic resistance rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) were determined from November 2012 to March 2015 in the Southern, South-Eastern, Northern, North-Eastern, and Central-Western regions of Brazil. Four hundred ninety H. pylori patients [66% female, mean age 43 years (range: 18-79)] who had never been previously treated for this infection were enrolled. All patients underwent gastroscopy with antrum and corpus biopsies and molecular testing using GenoType HelicoDR (Hain Life Science, Germany). This test was performed to detect the presence of H. pylori and to identify point mutations in the genes responsible for clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance. The molecular procedure was divided into three steps: DNA extraction from the biopsies, multiplex amplification, and reverse hybridization. RESULTS Clarithromycin resistance was found in 83 (16.9%) patients, and fluoroquinolone resistance was found in 66 (13.5%) patients. There was no statistical difference in resistance to either clarithromycin or fluoroquinolones (P = 0.55 and P = 0.06, respectively) among the different regions of Brazil. Dual resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones was found in 4.3% (21/490) of patients. The A2147G mutation was present in 90.4% (75/83), A2146G in 16.9% (14/83) and A2146C in 3.6% (3/83) of clarithromycin-resistant patients. In 10.8% (9/83) of clarithromycin-resistant samples, more than 01 mutation in the 23S rRNA gene was noticed. In fluoroquinolone-resistant samples, 37.9% (25/66) showed mutations not specified by the GenoType HelicoDR test. D91N mutation was observed in 34.8% (23/66), D91G in 18.1% (12/66), N87K in 16.6% (11/66) and D91Y in 13.6% (9/66) of cases. Among fluoroquinolone-resistant samples, 37.9% (25/66) showed mutations not specified by the GenoType HelicoDR test. CONCLUSION The H. pylori clarithromycin resistance rate in Brazil is at the borderline (15%-20%) for applying the standard triple therapy. The fluoroquinolone resistance rate (13.5%) is equally concerning.
Dental Anthropology: Introduction to dental anthropology

‘Show me your teeth and I will tell you who you are’, Baron Georges Cuvier, the great eighteenth–nineteenth century zoologist and anatomist, is supposed to have said. This comment was really in the context of comparative anatomy, and refers to Cuvier's delight in reconstructing whole extinct animals from fossil fragments of their dentitions, but it will do just as well for human teeth. For anthropologists studying archaeological, fossil and forensic remains, the teeth are possibly the most valuable source of evidence in understanding the biology of ancient communities, following the course of evolution and identifying an individual from their fragmentary remains. Dental anthropology might therefore be defined as a study of people (and their close relatives) from the evidence provided by teeth. Teeth have a distinct anatomy and physiology, all their own and wholly different to the biology of the skeleton, and teeth are also unique amongst the resistant parts of archaeological and fossil remains in having been exposed on the surface of the body throughout life. Dental anthropology can therefore be studied in the mouths of living people, using much the same techniques as are employed for ancient remains. It is thus not surprising that practising dentists have always been prominent amongst dental anthropologists, with anatomists and other oral biologists from schools of dentistry, in addition to researchers whose training lies more in biological anthropology. The exposure of teeth in the living mouth is also very useful when training anthropologists, as everyone carries their own reference material with them – students can just open their mouths and look in a mirror.
Mechanism of arsenic release to groundwater , Bangladesh and West Bengal

In some areas of Bangladesh and West Bengal, concentrations of As in groundwater exceed guide concentrations, set internationally and nationally at 10 to 50 mg lÿ1 and may reach levels in the mg lÿ1 range. The As derives from reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxide and release of its sorbed As. The Fe oxyhydroxide exists in the aquifer as dispersed phases, such as coatings on sedimentary grains. Recalculated to pure FeOOH, As concentrations in this phase reach 517 ppm. Reduction of the Fe is driven by microbial metabolism of sedimentary organic matter, which is present in concentrations as high as 6% C. Arsenic released by oxidation of pyrite, as water levels are drawn down and air enters the aquifer, contributes negligibly to the problem of As pollution. Identi®cation of the mechanism of As release to groundwater helps to provide a framework to guide the placement of new water wells so that they will have acceptable concentrations of As. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Large‐scale cosmic homogeneity from a multifractal analysis of the PSCz catalogue

ABSTRA C T We investigate the behaviour of galaxy clustering on large scales using the PSCz catalogue. In particular, we ask whether there is any evidence of large-scale fractal behaviour in this catalogue. We find the correlation dimension in this survey varies with scale, consistent with other analyses. For example, our results on small and intermediate scales are consistent those obtained from the QDOT sample, but the larger PSCz sample allows us to extend the analysis out to much larger scales. We find firm evidence that the sample becomes homogeneous at large scales; the correlation dimension of the sample is D2a 2:992 ^ 0:003 for r . 30 h 21 Mpc: This provides strong evidence in favour of a universe that obeys the cosmological principle.
A Dutch translation of a questionnaire assessing self-efficacy in leisure-time physical activity

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a Dutch translation of a questionnaire to measure self-efficacy in leisure-time physical activity. The questionnaire consisted of three subscales measuring three dimensions of self-efficacy. It was completed by 461 participants, 55–65 years old. Fifty-nine participants took part in a test-retest study. Factor analysis and correlations between the sum-scores of the 3 scales confirmed that each scale measures a different dimension of self-efficacy. The criterion-related validity of 2 of the scales was found to be moderate. All 3 scales had a satisfactory internal consistency, indicating that they are reliable. Stability was assessed with a test-retest procedure, which yielded satisfactory results for 2 of the 3 scales. The results revealed an improvement in self-efficacy for 2 of the scales over a 4-week time period. When outliers were excluded, satisfactory values were obtained for intraclass correlation coefficients between the first .
Benefits Science Category Learning

The present study investigated whether the sequencing of exemplars affects learning of rule-based science categories. We taught undergraduate students chemical categories by showing them diagrams of organic chemical compounds accompanied by their category label in either an interleaved or blocked fashion. On a categorization test of novel exemplars administered 2 days later, interleaved presentation produced superior performance than blocked presentation for categories that were visually simple (Experiment 1) and relatively more complex (Experiment 2). The advantage of interleaved presentation was still observed when the diagnostic features of each category were highlighted during study (Experiments 3 and 4), suggesting that the benefit of interleaving may not be due solely to increasing the salience of contrastive features that differentiate the categories. These findings demonstrate that interleaved presentation can improve learning of educationally relevant categories, even when coupled with pedagogical techniques that emphasize the diagnostic features of each category.
Direct Electron Transfer of Dehydrogenases for Development of 3rd Generation Biosensors and Enzymatic Fuel Cells

Dehydrogenase based bioelectrocatalysis has been increasingly exploited in recent years in order to develop new bioelectrochemical devices, such as biosensors and biofuel cells, with improved performances. In some cases, dehydrogeases are able to directly exchange electrons with an appropriately designed electrode surface, without the need for an added redox mediator, allowing bioelectrocatalysis based on a direct electron transfer process. In this review we briefly describe the electron transfer mechanism of dehydrogenase enzymes and some of the characteristics required for bioelectrocatalysis reactions via a direct electron transfer mechanism. Special attention is given to cellobiose dehydrogenase and fructose dehydrogenase, which showed efficient direct electron transfer reactions. An overview of the most recent biosensors and biofuel cells based on the two dehydrogenases will be presented. The various strategies to prepare modified electrodes in order to improve the electron transfer properties of the device will be carefully investigated and all analytical parameters will be presented, discussed and compared.
Future applicability of bus-based shared memory multiprocessors

Bus-based multiprocessors currently provide a cost-effective approach to achieving modestly parallel execution of large applrcatlons. Key (high level) parameters of such systems include the number of processors, the processor speed, the bus bandwidth, and the size of the caches. It is well-known that bus-based systems are not scalable in terms of the number of processors, as that parameter is tightly constrained by limitations of the bus architecture. As technology advances, however, the other key parameters (processor speed, bus bandwidth, cache size) will evolve, quite possibly to differing extents depending on the characteristics of the underlying technologies. This paper addresses the issue of how quickly bus bandwidth and cache size must scale, as processor speed scales, if bus-based multiprocessors are to be useful platforms for parallel computing in the future. For this purpose, we study the execution characteristics of a number of data parallel numerical and scientific applications, under a time-constrained scaling model, as system parameters are scaled. Our results indicate three types of applications. For Type I applications, parallel processing on future bus-based machines can be worthwhile only if either bus bandwidth scales as fast as processor speed, or if caches scale fast enough to eventually contain entire application data sets and appropriate affinity scheduling policies are employed, or a physically distributed memory architecture is employed. For Type II applications, parallel processing will be worthwhile regardless of the evolution of the memory system, assuming moderate scalings of bus bandwidth. For Type III applications, bus-based machines will become useless as a platform for parallel computing, unless the bus bandwidth scales as fast as the processor speed.
Geographic distribution and diversity assessment in ex situ collection of Albanian medicinal plants.

Genetic diversity and geographic distribution for 403 geo-referenced observations of ex situ medicinal plants collection data including 13 species, from twelve counties of Albania was investigated, using grids of 10 x 10 km cells to assess the number of observations per species and per district, the area of occupancy, the diversity indices and richness estimators. Geospatial analysis detects areas of high (alpha) diversity. Combination of study results for Simpson index, Dominance, Shannon-Weiner, Margalef, Brillouin, species richness and evenness, Equitability, Menhinick, Berger-Parker, and Fisher alpha diversity index show that areas of Tirana, Berat, Shkodra, Lezha, Vlora, and Kukesi counties were richer and more even than other areas. Cluster analysis on correlation matrix of diversity indices results shows presence of high similarities among Berat and Vlora counties, Tirana and Shkodra, Dibra and Lezha counties (similarity range from 64% to 80%). Presence of high species diversity in Tirana, Lezha, Berat, Shkodra, Vlora, and Kukesi counties suggests presence of a greater number species and more relative stable ecosystems, where more ecological niches are available, and environmental changes were less likely to be damaging to the ecosystem as a whole.