Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Laminar Flow Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Using a Double Coaxial Glass Tube

We report the characteristics of laminar flow atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) using a double coaxial glass tube. Two gases can be introduced independently into the tube, and the gas and plasma flows form a laminar flow and then interact outside of the glass tube. In the case of helium (He) as an inner gas flow with an outer nitrogen (N2) gas flow, emission lines of nitric oxide, the first negative and second positive system bands of N2 were observed, while only the second positive system band was observed in the case of argon (Ar) as the inner one. Considering the Penning effects of each excited state, the metastable state of He has a higher energy than that of Ar, resulting in energetic nitrogenous productions in the former case. The excited state in the core plasma is one of the important conditions to determine the characteristics of the APPJ produced with a double coaxial glass tube.
A 0.11mm2 164dB-FOM 0.18μm CMOS pipelined ADC with novel passive amplification

A 25MS/s 70.1dB-SNDR 5.3mW 0.11mm2 pipelined ADC has been achieved by the low-cost 0. 18μm CMOS. The proposed simple MDAC is implemented by only capacitors, switches, power supply voltage and source-follower buffer without requiring the dedicated voltage reference to attain the passive residue amplification. The prototype has achieved by far the smallest chip size and the excellent Schreier FOM of 164dB among 0. 18μm CMOS pipelined ADCs without using low-VT MOS and aggressive MDAC scaling.
Instruction, Understanding, and Skill in Multidigit Addition and Subtraction

We traced the emerging relations between children's understanding of multidigit numbers and their computational skill and investigated how instruction influenced these relations. We followed about 70 children over the first 3 years of school while they were learning about place value and multidigit addition and subtraction in 2 different instructional environments. By interviewing the students several times each year, we found that understanding and skill were closely related on tasks for which students had not yet received instruction as well as on more difficult tasks even after instruction. Students appeared to apply specific understandings to invent new procedures and modify old ones. The alternative instruction, which encouraged students to develop their own procedures and to make sense of procedures presented by others, appeared to facilitate higher levels of understanding and closer connections between understanding and skill.
Dynamic Systems Theory and Sports Training

Classical training theory is deeply inﬂ uenced by a mechanical conception and a Cartesian view of athletes. Although the natural limitations of this classical approach are recognized, training methods are largely based on it. Nowa-days, Dynamic Systems Theory is offering new tools to explain the behavior of the neuromuscular system and very useful principles to be applied to sports training (Kelso, 1999; Kurz, Stergiou, 2004). Instead of being thought of as machines, athletes are considered as complex dynamic systems, self-organized and constrained by morphological, physiological, psychological and biomechanical factors, the properties of the task and the environment. Due to this complexity, they are noticeably dependant on their initial condition and the distribution of attractors, showing ﬂ u-ctuations when passing from one attractor to another. The mechanism of adaptation to training, observed as a self-organization process, is transforming modern training stimuli and expected performance responses. Training loads should encourage the process of self-organization in an integrated, overall way, changing the environment and the conditions to constrain the subject in the desired direction of the training process. The principle of individuality not only focuses on inputs but also on the outputs promoting the variability of the athlete’s responses to each changing competition and training situation. In conclusion, Dynamic Systems Theory is changing the view of mechanisms of adaptation to training and introducing important changes into performance targets and training methods, challenging scientists and modern coaches to ﬁ nd suitable solutions to optimize the training process.Keywords: self-organization, attractor, fluctuation, variability, stability.
Potential Vorticity Inversion on a Hemisphere

Abstract Several different kinds of accurate potential vorticity (PV) inversion operators, and the associated balanced models, are tested for the shallow water equations on a hemisphere in an attempt to approach the ultimate limitations of the balance, inversion, and slow-manifold concepts. The accuracies achieved are far higher than for standard balanced models accurate to one or two orders in Rossby number R or Froude number F (where F = |u|/c; |u| = flow speed; and c = gravity wave speed). Numerical inversions, and corresponding balanced-model integrations testing cumulative accuracy, are carried out for cases that include substantial PV anomalies in the Tropics. The balanced models in question are constructed so as to be exactly PV conserving and to have unique velocity fields (implying, incidentally, that they cannot be Hamiltonian). Mean layer depths of 1 and 2 km are tested. The results show that, in the cases studied, the dynamical information contained in PV distributions is remarkably close to b.
Herpes simplex virus pneumonia. Occurrence in an allotransplanted lung.

A 39-year-old white man with terminal panlobular emphysema underwent left lung allotransplantation. He was treated with azathioprine, steroids, antilymphocyte globulin, and antibiotics. The transplanted lung functioned well, but postoperatively oral ulcerations developed. The left lung became infiltrated and there was clinical deterioration. Herpes simplex virus was cultured from tracheal aspirates and lung biopsy material, and electron microscopic studies revealed intracellular herpesvirus-like particles. Treatment with cytarabine hydrochloride failed to result in clinical improvement and he died on the 26th day after operation.
The Effect of Two Remediation Methods in High School Physics Classes in Nigeria.

AbstractThis study examined the effects of teacher-directed and student-oriented remediation methods in high school physics classes in Nigeria. Students (N = 121) from three Nigerian high schools were assigned randomly to three conditions: teacher-directed remediation, student-oriented remediation, or no treatment. Results of formative, intelligence, and achievement tests indicate that the teacher-directed remediation approach was more effective for increasing performance. Educational implications, especially for developing countries, are discussed.
Evidence for changing positions of GABA neurons in the developing rat dentate gyrus

In recent studies, we demonstrated a distinct change in the distribution of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) mRNA‐containing neurons within the rat dentate gyrus from embryonic day 20 (E20) to postnatal day 15 (PN15) (Dupuy and Houser, J Comp Neurol 1997;389:402–418). We also observed a similar changing pattern for cells with birthdates of many of the mature GAD‐containing neurons in the dentate gyrus (Dupuy and Houser, J Comp Neurol 1997;389:402–418). These observations suggested that some early‐appearing GABA neurons within the developing molecular layer of the dentate gyrus may gradually alter their positions to become the mature GABAergic cells along the inner border of the granule cell layer. The goal of the present study was to provide additional evidence for our hypothesis by demonstrating the spatial relationships between GAD‐containing neurons and granule cells at progressively older ages during development. In this study, immunohistochemical or in situ hybridization methods for the localization of GAD67 or its mRNA were combined with bromodeoxyuridine birthdating techniques that labeled early‐generated granule cells with birthdates on E17. At E20, GAD67‐containing neurons were located above the granule cell layer that contained E17 birthdated granule cells. During the first two postnatal weeks, both GAD67 mRNA‐containing neurons and early‐born granule cells were primarily concentrated within the granule cell layer. Double‐labeled neurons were rarely observed, and this suggests that these two groups are separate populations. By PN15‐PN30, most GAD67 mRNA‐containing neurons were distributed along the base of the granule cell layer, significantly below the E17 birthdated granule cells. These findings support our new hypothesis that mature GABA neurons along the inner border of the granule cell layer reach their positions by migrating or translocating through the developing granule cell layer. Hippocampus 1999;9:186–199. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Certain Correlates of Burnout among Police Personnel in a Metropolitan City of a Developing Country

Burnout is dysfunctional response to stress. This study investigates the phenomenon of burnout and its relationship to certain demographic, psychological and situational variables. An attempt is also made to find the differences burnout between men and women police. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and demographic profile were administered to a random sample of 220 police personnel in a metropolitan city of a developing country. The results indicated that most of the demographic factors were not related to burnout, however there were significant gender differences in Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization dimensions of burnout. Keywords: Burn out, Emotional Exhaustion, Gender difference, Depersonalization.
Performance Optimizations and Bounds for Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiply

We consider performance tuning, by code and data structure reorganization, of sparse matrix-vector multiply (SpM×V), one of the most important computational kernels in scientific applications. This paper addresses the fundamental questions of what limits exist on such performance tuning, and how closely tuned code approaches these limits. Specifically, we develop upper and lower bounds on the performance (Mflop/s) of SpM×V when tuned using our previously proposed register blocking optimization. These bounds are based on the non-zero pattern in the matrix and the cost of basic memory operations, such as cache hits and misses. We evaluate our tuned implementations with respect to these bounds using hardware counter data on 4 different platforms and on test set of 44 sparse matrices. We find that we can often get within 20% of the upper bound, particularly on class of matrices from finite element modeling (FEM) problems; on non-FEM matrices, performance improvements of 2× are still possible. Lastly, we present new heuristic that selects optimal or near-optimal register block sizes (the key tuning parameters) more accurately than our previous heuristic. Using the new heuristic, we show improvements in SpM×V performance (Mflop/s) by as much as 2.5× over an untuned implementation. Collectively, our results suggest that future performance improvements, beyond those that we have already demonstrated for SpM×V, will come from two sources: (1) consideration of higher-level matrix structures (e.g. exploiting symmetry, matrix reordering, multiple register block sizes), and (2) optimizing kernels with more opportunity for data reuse (e.g. sparse matrix-multiple vector multiply, multiplication of AT A by a vector).
An Atypical Presentation of Visual Hallucinatory Experiences Following Prolonged Blindness

We report a patient with long-standing blindness experiencing both simple and complex visual hallucinations secondary to a cortical arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The hallucinations were located in the right visual field corresponding to the contra-lateral site of cortical damage. This case contributes to our understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying visual hallucinations and ongoing research investigating the phenomenology of hallucinations with respect to the cause and localization of neural damage.
Against the corporal punishment of children

John Wilson suggests there are six advantages for corporal punishment: cheap and easy to administer, effective deterrent, effective reform, adjustable pain, fair because of similar dislike of pain, no permanent damage. None of these survive close scrutiny. An alternative, deontological argument against corporal punishment is proposed building on four points Wilson mentions but is dismissive of: assault, attack on a person's self, cannot defend oneself from it, cannot retain one's dignity in the face of it. From this analysis two conclusions are reached: Wilson's case for corporal punishment fails, and there is a sound case for not using corporal punishment. The final section raises a question about Wilson's motivation: why support it if one is against it?
A power-efficient impoved-stability 6T SRAM cell in 45nm Multi-Channel FET technology

This paper presents an innovative 3D CMOS 6T SRAM cell design in multi-channel (MC) FET technology by well adapting the number of channels per device. A simulation model for the 45 nm MCFET has been developed based on silicon measurements. The electrical results validated by simulations, exhibit more than 25% power dissipation reduction and 17% cell stability improvement for the same area and read access time, when compared with a standard CMOS 6T SRAM cell designed in 2D.
Systems of Structured Monotone Inclusions: Duality, Algorithms, and Applications

A general primal-dual splitting algorithm for solving systems of structured coupled monotone inclusions in Hilbert spaces is introduced and its asymptotic behavior is analyzed. Each inclusion in the primal system features compositions with linear operators, parallel sums, and Lipschitzian operators. All the operators involved in this structured model are used separately in the proposed algorithm, most steps of which can be executed in parallel. This provides a flexible solution method applicable to a variety of problems beyond the reach of the state-of-the-art. Several applications are discussed to illustrate this point.
The Use of a Modified Fulcrum for Fulcrum Bending Radiographs: A Technical Note

We describe a modified fulcrum design to overcome limitations of a traditional fulcrum. The modified fulcrum is a triangular prism–shaped foam with rounded and padded edges. The 3 faces of the fulcrum represent 3 different heights (17.0 cm, 17.5 cm, and 21.0 cm). For fulcrum bending radiographs of the thoracic curve, the patient is placed on an X-ray table in a lateral decubitus position over the fulcrum. The apex of the appropriate height of the fulcrum is positioned under the rib corresponding to the apex of the curve, such that the ipsilateral shoulder is lifted off the X-ray table for maximum passive bending force to the curve. For fulcrum bending radiographs of the lumbar curve, the fulcrum is positioned directly under the apex of the curve such that the ipsilateral iliac crest is lifted off the X-ray table.
Addressing cold start problem in recommender systems using association rules and clustering technique

Number of people who uses internet and websites for various purposes is increasing at an astonishing rate. More and more people rely on online sites for purchasing rented movies, songs, apparels, books etc. The competition between numbers of sites forced the web site owners to provide personalized services to their customers. So the recommender systems came into existence. Recommender systems are active information filtering systems and that attempt to present to the user, information items in which the user is interested in. The websites implement recommender systems using collaborative filtering, content based or hybrid approaches. The recommender systems also suffer from issues like cold start, sparsity and over specialization. Cold start problem is that the recommenders cannot draw inferences for users or items for which it does not have sufficient information. This paper attempts to propose a solution to the cold start problem by combining association rules and clustering technique.
The Zinc Transport Systems and Their Regulation in Pathogenic Fungi

Abstract Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for many enzymes that play essential roles in a cell. It was estimated that approximately 3% of the total cellular proteins are required for zinc for their functions. Zinc has long been considered as one of the key players in host-pathogen interactions. The host sequesters intracellular zinc by utilizing multiple cellular zinc importers and exporters as a means of nutritional immunity. To overcome extreme zinc limitation within the host environment, pathogenic microbes have successfully evolved a number of mechanisms to secure sufficient concentrations of zinc for their survival and pathogenesis. In this review, we briefly discuss the zinc uptake systems and their regulation in the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in major human pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus gattii.
Protein expression overlap: more important than which proteins change in expression?

In recent years, a large number of proteomics studies for various diseases were conducted, such as for cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). The availability of huge data sets with a large number of differentially expressed proteins showed for the first time that not all protein changes between a diseased and a control state were specific. This review focuses on this protein expression overlap, specifically between NDs, and tries to investigate the possible reasons for this overlap by investigating 14 ND proteomics studies of Alzheimer’s (six studies), Parkinson’s (four studies) and Huntington’s disease (three studies), as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (one study). Studies were selected according to the availability of quantitative changes, number of (biological) repeats and numbers of proteins changed. The studies include investigations of human tissue and mouse, as well as cell culture, models. A change in metabolism-related proteins was found to be common among all disorders. These changes can be explained by alterations in key regulatory proteins, such as those involved in transcription. Since most NDs affect, at least initially, very specific areas of the brain, the location of the changes may be more important than the kind of protein alterations that occur, since they are very similar among NDs.
Visualization of Biological NanoMachines at Subnanometer Resolutions

Based on genome sequence analysis, it has been suggested that a living cell conducts 200300 distinct biological processes (Martin and Drubin, 2003), each of which can be carried out by macromolecular complexes. These complexes, which can both be persistent and transitory, are usually relatively large (>0.5 MDa) and contain specific and complex spatial organization of components to facilitate their dynamic behaviors. As such, these complex assemblies actually are biological nanomachines. As the name implies, an analogy can be drawn to almost any conventional manmade machine in which the machine is composed of multiple components operating in a coordinated fashion to perform one or more biological functions. These biological nanomachines can be found throughout the cell, responsible for key processes such as cell division and signaling, as well as being critical in diseases such as cancer or viral infections. Nano-machines are not restricted to “largescale” cellular processes and may be involved in genome replication and repair, protein folding, protein trafficking and ion transport (Gavin et al., 2006; Krogan et al., 2006). These machines can assume different forms, shapes and symmetries. Therefore, knowledge of the molecular structures of the biological nanomachines, their components and their interactions can provide both mechanistic descriptions of function and clues for developing therapeutics related to health and disease. However, because of all these intrinsic complexities, structure elucidation of biological nano-machines at sufficient resolutions often poses a serious challenge.
Guanfacine extended-release for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Importance of the field: Guanfacine extended-release (GXR) is a non-stimulant approved in the US for treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). GXR is a ‘first in class’ α2A-adrenoceptor agonist reformulated to optimize efficacy. GXR enters a rapidly growing but crowded ADHD market as an alternative not only to psychostimulants but also to atomoxetine. Areas covered in this review: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety of GXR are covered based on a literature review (MEDLINE and EMBASE) from 1980 to 2010. Two large pivotal controlled trials are reviewed along with companion safety studies over 24 months. Collateral studies in ADHD children with oppositional symptoms and combination use of GXR in psychostimulant partial-responders are featured. What the reader will gain: Novel aspects of apparent GXR mechanism of action may complement existing treatments. Study evidence indicates that GXR is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD, and appears efficacious to reduce oppositional symptoms in children with these complicating features. The GXR safety database reflects mild and asymptomatic decreases in both blood pressure and heart rate throughout, with most adverse events being somnolence-related and time-limited. Take home message: This review of GXR will allow the reader to determine the place for GXR in the ADHD treatment landscape.
Individualized Course–Specific Strategy Instruction for College Students with Learning Disabilities and ADHD: Lessons Learned from a Model Demonstration Project

This 3–year Model Demonstration Project involved the development and field testing of an individualized course–specific strategy instruction model with college students with learning disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The 46 participants received individualized semester–long strategy instruction by graduate students in special education. A variety of data sources were used to evaluate the implementation of the model as well as the academic success of students who received individualized strategy instruction. Quantitative analyses indicated that the group as a whole as well as the subset of students on probation and suspension significantly improved their grades and sustained this improvement over time. Qualitative analysis identified two factors related to improvement: independent use of strategies and the supportive nature of the strategy instructor–student relationship. Qualitative analysis also identified two factors related to nonimprovement: academic/cognitive skill deficits and emotional/medication–related issues. Implications of the model for postsecondary education and suggestions for future research are discussed.
An Immunological Approach to Filtering Email

The previous models or methods almost adopted static measure, and filters need be updated and maintained frequently, so they can not adapt to dynamic spam and lack of self-adaptation. In this paper, An Immunological approach to filtering junk Email has been built. The experiment shows that this model can efficiently raise both the recall ratio and precision ratio, and enhance the ability of self-adaptation and diversity for the junk Email.