Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LECTURES ON ERGODIC THEORY

1.1. 1. Physics. Ideal gas. The state of a system of N particles is specified completely by a point in the phase space X = R = {(qi, pi) : i = 1, . , N}. The system evolves (in continuous time or from one discrete time instant to the next) according to deterministic physical laws (Hamilton’s equations). We are interested in average values of observables (like kinetic energy), both for a single particle over the long term (time average) or over all particles at a particular instant (ensemble average or space average). Note that the “long time” might actually be a fraction of a second, so existence of these averages is connected with the existence (or observability) of physical quantities. And the space average looks like an average over a set of points, but it is in fact the average over all possible states of the system, hence over an ensemble of many “ideal” systems. Such models of ideal gases lead to apparent paradoxes. Consider a frictionless billiard table with the balls set up in their usual initial clump, except for the cue ball, which is traveling towards this clump at high speed. Of course the balls are scattered and careen around the table, colliding (perfectly elastically, we assume) with each other and the cushions. But with probability 1 the balls will all return at some moment arbitrarily close to their initial positions and initial velocities—in fact they will do so infinitely many times!
Normative ratings for 536 action-related sentences in Spanish

ABSTRACT Familiarity, emotionality, motor activity, memorability, and vividness of visual imagery ratings, on 7-point scales, were collected for 536 Spanish action-related sentences, including a corpus of 439 phrases originally normed in Swedish, German, and Croatian (Arar & Molander, 1996; Molander & Arar, 1998; Molander, Arar, Mavrinac, & Janig, 1999) and 97 new sentences describing actions usually performed using different body postures and face or hand movements. These norms constitute the only available set of ratings for action sentences in Spanish including those dimensions to date, and they allow for the design of studies aimed at empirically exploring the relationship between action, language, and cognition with well-controlled materials in Spanish-speaking samples of participants.
Security Hardening - VMware Infrastructure 3 (VMware ESX 3.5 and VMware VirtualCenter 2.5)

By introducing a layer of abstraction between the physical hardware and virtualized systems running IT services, virtualization technology provides a powerful means to deliver cost savings via server consolidation as well as increased operational efficiency and flexibility. However, the added functionality introduces a virtualization layer that itself becomes a potential avenue of attack for the virtual services being hosted. Because a single host system can house multiple virtual machines, the security of that host becomes even more important. Because it is based on a light‐weight kernel optimized for virtualization, VMware® ESX and VMware ESXi are less susceptible to viruses and other problems that affect general‐purpose operating systems. However, ESX/ESXi is not impervious to attack, and you should take proper measures to harden it, as well as the VMware VirtualCenter management server, against malicious activity or unintended damage. This paper provides recommendations for steps you can take to ensure that your VMware Infrastructure 3 environment is properly secured. The paper also explains in detail the security‐related configuration options of the components of VMware Infrastructure 3 and the consequences for security of enabling certain capabilities. For additional up‐to‐date information on the security of VMware products, go to the VMware Security Center. See " References " on page 30 for a link. The VMware Security Center provides links to security advisories, alerts, and updates, as well as security utilities and other security‐related papers.
Induction Motor Efficiency

A comparison of the direct and indirect measurements of induction machine efficiency from a collection of test data is presented in this article. The efficiency is computed from 1,000 induction motors rated 1-250 hp to show the relative accuracy of the methods. The Bland-Altman procedure for comparing measurement methods is used in the analysis.
Personality and Social Context: Impact on Emotion Induction from Movies

In this paper we describe our preliminary work on understanding the impact of personality on the emotion induction in different social circumstances during the consumption of movies, for the purpose of the context-aware recommender system for movies. The purpose of this study is to answer two research questions: is there a difference in emotion induction when users are alone as opposed to when they are with company during watching the movie, and do different personality profiles influence the emotion induction when users are alone as opposed to when they are with company during watching the movie? We have used the (LDOS-CoMoDa) dataset which contains ratings and associated contextual information for the consumed movies, as well as Big Five personality profiles of the users. The results showed that there is an influence of social context on emotion induction, and that personality factors have to be taken into consideration since for the different groups of users, based on the personality factors, the emotion induction was influenced differently.
Vibration-Based Fault Detection of Sharp Bearing Faults in Helicopters

Many signal processing tools have been developed by the mechanical and signal processing community to find the characteristic symptoms of sharp bearing faults (like localized spalling) from vibratory analysis. However the context of helicopter imposes a limited sampling frequency regarding the observed phenomena, many noisy vibrations and flight regimes. The performances of the classical methods are limited in such an environment mainly in identifying fault frequencies. Local bearing faults induce temporal periodic and impulsive patterns that produce redundant harmonics in the spectral domain. In this article four methods are proposed to take advantage of that redundancy. These methods provide an estimator of the fault frequency and an indicator of the quality of that estimation. These indicators are used to assess the severity of the fault. The four methods are then tested on synthesized and flight data in order to illustrate and discuss their efficiency.
Studying the brain from adolescence to adulthood through sparse multi-view matrix factorisations

Men and women differ in specific cognitive abilities and in the expression of several neuropsychiatric conditions. Such findings could be attributed to sex hormones, brain differences, as well as a number of environmental variables. Existing research on identifying sex-related differences in brain structure have predominantly used cross-sectional studies to investigate, for instance, differences in average gray matter volumes (GMVs). In this article we explore the potential of a recently proposed multi-view matrix factorisation (MVMF) methodology to study structural brain changes in men and women that occur from adolescence to adulthood. MVMF is a multivariate variance decomposition technique that extends principal component analysis to "multi-view" datasets, i.e. where multiple and related groups of observations are available. In this application, each view represents a different age group. MVMF identifies latent factors explaining shared and age-specific contributions to the observed overall variability in GMVs over time. These latent factors can be used to produce low-dimensional visualisations of the data that emphasise age-specific effects once the shared effects have been accounted for. The analysis of two datasets consisting of individuals born prematurely as well as healthy controls provides evidence to suggest that the separation between males and females becomes increasingly larger as the brain transitions from adolescence to adulthood. We report on specific brain regions associated to these variance effects.
LEXICAL SEMANTIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WEB PAGES – A LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE BASED METHOD

The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Eric Atwell, Bill Whyte for helpful commentary and suggestions and also to Clive Souter, George Demetriou who provided me with LKB dictionary and gave me good suggestions. I also would like thank my teachers Paul & who always encourage me. Without their constant support and encouragement, I can't fulfil this thesis. I want to express my respect and thankfulness to my dear parents. ii ABSTRACT The rich variety of knowledge available on the World Wide Web makes it an attractive target for data mining and also language processing. In this project, a linguistic method, which was developed to measure the lexical semantic association between two words, is adapted to the task of measuring the semantic similarity between web pages. This lexical knowledge based method could also be used for meaning trend representation or theme representation. Themes are connotative meanings separated or contained in the textual units, such as text, or web pages, and are difficult to represent quantitatively and properly. This work also tries to propose a scientific description of themes that are viewed from the point of lexical semantics. Once textual units have been tagged with Lexical Semantic Tags contained in the Lexical Knowledge Base, themes within the units can be generated. The semantic representation of each web page is a bag of words after tagging which is believed contains certain themes. A program implements the measurement of lexical semantic similarity between two web pages. Various experiments have been undertaken to test the impact of text distance, noisy words and text length. To assess the precision of the methodology, we compare the result of the system with existing commercial information retrieval system and human judgements. A theme space was created to support the evaluation.
The development of a model to predict the potential efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum isolates on perithecial production of Gibberella zeae based on secondary metabolite production

Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat and causes significant economic and yield losses. The principal pathogen associated with FHB in Manitoba is Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph = Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). Trichoderma harzianum Rifai is a well-known biocontrol agent of many plant pathogens. The extracts from 11 T. harzianum isolates and cell- free filtrates were screened for antifungal activity against perithecial development. Isolates T472 and T22 (RootShield™ positive control) significantly reduced perithecia numbers by more than 70 %. It was found that isolates T472 and T22 had similar chemical composition. Through the use of cluster analysis, ordination and regression methods, several compounds (C18, C22, C27 and C42) were unique to T472 and T22 and may be responsible for the reduction in perithecia. A multivariate weighted average (WA) regression approach demonstrated that the use of chemical signatures is an effective method in predicting which isolates and compounds maybe be involved in reducing perithecial numbers. The R2 for the WA analysis was 0.745.
An introduction to physical theory of molecular evolution

This work is a tutorial in Molecular Evolution from the point of view of Physics. We discuss Eigen's model, a link between evolutionary theory and physics. We will begin by assuming the existence of (marco) molecules or replicators with the template property, that is, the capacity to self-replicate. According to this assumption, information will be randomly generated and destroyed by mutations in the code (i.e., errors in the copying process) and new bits of information will be fixed (made stable) by the existence of an external pressure on the system (i.e., selection), and the ability of the molecules to replicate themselves. Our aim is to build a model in order to describe molecular evolution from as general a standpoint as possible. As we will see, even very simple models from the theoretical point of view will have surprisingly deep consequences.
The IBM PowerPC 970FX, a.k.a. G5 Processor

This project is the research of the IBM PowerPC 970FX, also known as G5 processor. This report is for CS 466 Advanced Computer Architecture class taught in Fall 2005. In this report we present our research on the processor including the main specification. Several special features are also addressed. From section 1 to section 4 is written by David Benham and section 5 to section 7 is written by Yu-Chung Chen.
Prevalence of Diabetes Among Hispanics/Latinos From Diverse Backgrounds: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

OBJECTIVE We examine differences in prevalence of diabetes and rates of awareness and control among adults from diverse Hispanic/Latino backgrounds in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The HCHS/SOL, a prospective, multicenter, population-based study, enrolled from four U.S. metropolitan areas from 2008 to 2011 16,415 18–74-year-old people of Hispanic/Latino descent. Diabetes was defined by either fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance 2 h after a glucose load, glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), or documented use of hypoglycemic agents (scanned medications). RESULTS Diabetes prevalence varied from 10.2% in South Americans and 13.4% in Cubans to 17.7% in Central Americans, 18.0% in Dominicans and Puerto Ricans, and 18.3% in Mexicans (P < 0.0001). Prevalence related positively to age (P < 0.0001), BMI (P < 0.0001), and years living in the U.S. (P = 0.0010) but was negatively related to education (P = 0.0005) and household income (P = 0.0043). Rate of diabetes awareness was 58.7%, adequate glycemic control (A1C <7%, 53 mmol/mol) was 48.0%, and having health insurance among those with diabetes was 52.4%. CONCLUSIONS Present findings indicate a high prevalence of diabetes but considerable diversity as a function of Hispanic background. The low rates of diabetes awareness, diabetes control, and health insurance in conjunction with the negative associations between diabetes prevalence and both household income and education among Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. have important implications for public health policies.
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex II Induces a Long-Term Potentiation of NMDA-Mediated Synaptic Excitation in the Striatum Requiring Endogenous Dopamine

Abnormal involuntary movements and cognitive impairment represent the classical clinical symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD). This genetic disorder involves degeneration of striatal spiny neurons, but not striatal large cholinergic interneurons, and corresponds to a marked decrease in the activity of mitochondrial complex II [succinate dehydrogenase (SD)] in the brains of HD patients. Here we have examined the possibility that SD inhibitors exert their toxic action by increasing glutamatergic transmission. We report that SD inhibitors such as 3-nitroproprionic acid (3-NP), but not an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, produce a long-term potentiation of the NMDA-mediated synaptic excitation (3-NP-LTP) in striatal spiny neurons. In contrast, these inhibitors had no effect on excitatory synaptic transmission in striatal cholinergic interneurons and pyramidal cortical neurons. 3-NP-LTP involves increased intracellular calcium and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase and is critically dependent on endogenous dopamine acting via D2 receptors, whereas it is negatively regulated by D1 receptors. Thus 3-NP-LTP might play a key role in the regional and cell type-specific neuronal death observed in HD.
Signal Transduction and Nuclear Responses in Staphylococcus aureus- Induced Expression of Human β-Defensin 3 in Skin Keratinocytes

ABSTRACT The human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) is an inducible epithelial peptide antibiotic that has potent antistaphylococcal activity. Infection of skin epithelial cells with viable Staphylococcus aureus, a common skin pathogen, induces increased gene expression of hBD-3 and other antimicrobial peptides. The aim of this study was to identify signaling pathways and nuclear responses that contribute to the gene expression of hBD-3 in primary human keratinocytes upon contact with S. aureus. Increased hBD-3 peptide was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy in keratinocytes exposed to S. aureus and to lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Both are ligands for the cell surface Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and thus the contribution of TLR2 signaling in hBD-3 expression was examined. Functional inhibition of TLR2 prior to S. aureus stimulation significantly decreased hBD-3 mRNA levels by 37%, attesting to the involvement of this surface receptor in the initial recognition and downstream signaling for hBD-3 expression. Treatment of keratinocytes with a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor prior to either S. aureus or LTA stimulation was associated with reduced hBD-3 mRNA transcripts and peptide. We also propose a role for the MAPK-regulated transcriptional activating protein 1 in S. aureus-induced hBD-3 gene expression. Combined, these studies indicate a role for TLR2 signaling and MAPK activation in the upregulation of hBD-3 and demonstrate the innate immune capacity of skin keratinocytes under conditions of S. aureus challenge to enhance the local expression of this antistaphylococcal peptide antibiotic.
Abstract: An Exascale Workload Study

Amdahl's law has been one of the factors influencing speedup in high performance computing over the last few decades. While Amdahl's approach of optimizing (10% of the code is where 90% of the execution time is spent) has worked very well in the past, new challenges related to emerging exascale heterogeneous architectures, combined with stringent power and energy limitations, require a new architectural paradigm. The 10x10 approach is an effort in this direction. In this poster, we describe our initial steps and methodologies for defining and actualizing the 10x10 approach.
An E cient Logging Scheme for Recoverable Distributed SharedMemory

This paper presents a new logging scheme for re-coverable distributed shared memory systems. In the previous schemes, the logging is performed whenever a new data item is accessed or written by a process. However, in the proposed scheme, only the data item accessed by multiple processes is logged when it is invalidated by the overwritten. Moreover, the logging is performed at one process responsible for that data item unlike the other schemes in which every process accessing the data item performs the logging. As a result, the amount and the frequency of logging can be signiicantly reduced. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed using extensive simulation study and our new logging scheme shows superior performance in various system environments.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems ( PACIS ) 2015 CPS Platform Approach to Industrial Robots : State of the Practice , Potentials , Future Research Directions

Approaches, such as Cloud Robotics, Robot-as-a-Service, merged Internet of Things and robotics, and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in production, show that the industrial robotics domain experiences a paradigm shift that increasingly links robots in real-life factories with virtual reality. However, despite the growing body of research to date, though insightful, the paradigm shift to CPS in industrial robotics remains an under-researched area. Findings from the present paper make several contributions to the current state of research: We provide a potentially reusable framework of analysis and apply this framework in order to reveal whether and to what extent the industrial robotics branch implements abilities and characteristics of CPS. We examine the top five industrial robot manufacturers ABB, Fanuc, Kawasaki, Kuka, and Yaskawa and identify considerable, current implementations. However, concerning one of three perspectives—the perspective on CPS as industry platform constructs, takes the industrial robotics branch only certain small steps towards CPS platforms. We discuss them and outline a set of business model patterns that can transform product innovations, enabled by abilities and characteristics of CPS, into business model innovations in the industrial robot domain. In order to enable the industry to exploit the full potential of industrial robots understood as CPS, we question the right degree of openness in the context of industry platform constructs. Our methodological approach combines conceptual with empirical research.
A new framework for image impulse noise removal with postprocessing

Impulse noise is commonly encountered during image transmission and many methods have been proposed to remove it. Although it is now possible to recover the true image reasonably well, even under severe noise (90% pixel contamination), essentially all methods published so far follow the standard procedure of noisy pixel detection/classification and then noisy pixel value reconstruction, without any further processing. In this paper we show an interesting empirical discovery that the traditionally denoised image tends to have the estimation error with a Laplacian distribution, which makes it possible to add a postprocessing stage to denoise the traditionally obtained result with this new type of noise. We propose a practical algorithm within this new framework and experimental results show that superior results can be obtained over previously published methods.
Impact of Body Mass Index on the Clinical Outcomes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients ≥75 Years Old

Background: The impact of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients ≥75 years old remained unclear. Methods: A total of 1098 elderly patients undergoing PCI with stent implantation were recruited. Patients were divided into four groups by the value of BMI: Underweight (⩽20.0 kg/m2), normal weight (20.0–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30.0 kg/m2). Major clinical outcomes after PCI were compared between the groups. The primary endpoint was defined as in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which included death, myocardial infarction (MI) and target vessel revascularization. The secondary endpoint was defined as 1 year death. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for the potential confounders. Results: Totally, 1077 elderly patients with available BMIs were included in the analysis. Patients of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese accounted for 5.6%, 45.4%, 41.5% and 7.5% of the population, respectively. Underweight patients were more likely to attract ST-segment elevation MI, and get accompanied with anemia or renal dysfunction. Meanwhile, they were less likely to achieve thrombolysis in MI 3 grade flow after PCI, and receive beta-blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker after discharge. In underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese patients, in-hospital MACE were 1.7%, 2.7%, 3.8%, and 3.7% respectively (P = 0.68), and 1 year mortality rates were 5.0%, 3.9%, 5.1% and 3.7% (P = 0.80), without significant difference between the groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the value of BMI was not associated with in-hospital MACE in patients at 75 years old. Conclusions: The BMI “obese paradox” was not found in patients ≥75 years old. It was suggested that BMI may not be a sensitive predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in elderly patients.