Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
G T ] 2 1 Se p 20 06 Conjugacy in Garside Groups III : Periodic braids

An element in Artin’s braid group Bn is said to be periodic if some power of it lies in the center of Bn. In this paper we prove that all previously known algorithms for solving the conjugacy search problem in Bn are exponential in the braid index n for the special case of periodic braids. We overcome this difficulty by putting to work several known isomorphisms between Garside structures in the braid group Bn and other Garside groups. This allows us to obtain a polynomial solution to the original problem in the spirit of the previously known algorithms. This paper is the third in a series of papers by the same authors about the conjugacy problem in Garside groups. They have a unified goal: the development of a polynomial algorithm for the conjugacy decision and search problems in Bn, which generalizes to other Garside groups whenever possible. It is our hope that the methods introduced here will allow the generalization of the results in this paper to all Artin-Tits groups of spherical type.
Emulating goliath storage systems with David

Benchmarking file and storage systems on large file-system images is important, but difficult and often infeasible. Typically, running benchmarks on such large disk setups is a frequent source of frustration for file-system evaluators; the scale alone acts as a strong deterrent against using larger, albeit realistic, benchmarks. To address this problem, we develop David: a system that makes it practical to run large benchmarks using modest amount of storage or memory capacities readily available on most computers. David creates a “compressed” version of the original file-system image by omitting all file data and laying out metadata more efficiently; an online storage model determines the runtime of the benchmark workload on the original uncompressed image. David works under any file system, as demonstrated in this article with ext3 and btrfs. We find that David reduces storage requirements by orders of magnitude; David is able to emulate a 1-TB target workload using only an 80 GB available disk, while still modeling the actual runtime accurately. David can also emulate newer or faster devices, for example, we show how David can effectively emulate a multidisk RAID using a limited amount of memory.
Future Generation Computer Systems ( ) – Future Generation Computer Systems a Taxonomy and Survey on Green Data Center Networks Keywords: Data Center Data Center Networks Network Architectures Network Performance Network Management Network Experimentation

• We provide an overview of the research within Data Center Networks (DCNs). • We present the state-of-the-art energy efficiency techniques for a DCN. • The survey elaborates on the DCN architectures (electrical, optical, and hybrid). • We also focus on traffic management, characterization, and performance monitoring. • We present a comparative analysis of the aforementioned within the DCN domain. a b s t r a c t Data centers are growing exponentially (in number and size) to accommodate the escalating user and application demands. Likewise, the concerns about the environmental impacts, energy needs, and electricity cost of data centers are also growing. Network infrastructure being the communication backbone of the data center plays a pivotal role in the data center's scalability, performance, energy consumption, and cost. Research community is endeavoring hard to overcome the challenges faced by the legacy Data Center Networks (DCNs). Serious efforts have been made to handle the problems in various DCN areas. This survey presents significant insights to the state-of-the-art research conducted pertaining to the DCN domain along with a detailed discussion of the energy efficiency aspects of the DCNs. The authors explored: (a) DCN architectures (electrical, optical, and hybrid), (b) network traffic management and characterization, (c) DCN performance monitoring, (d) network-aware resource allocation, (e) DCN experimentation techniques, and (f) energy efficiency. The survey presents an overview of the ongoing research in the broad domain of DCNs and highlights the challenges faced by the DCN research community.
What's 'new' in New Literacy Studies? Critical approaches to literacy in theory and practice

What has come to be termed the "New Literacy Studies" (NLS) (Gee, 1991; Street, 1996) represents a new tradition in considering the nature of literacy, focusing not so much on acquisition of skills, as in dominant approaches, but rather on what it means to think of literacy as a social practice (Street, 1985). This entails the recognition of multiple literacies, varying according to time and space, but also contested in relations of power. NLS, then, takes nothing for granted with respect to literacy and the social practices with which it becomes associated, problematizing what counts as literacy at any time and place and asking "whose literacies" are dominant and whose are marginalized or resistant.
Diabetes Technology: Markers, Monitoring, Assessment, and Control of Blood Glucose Fluctuations in Diabetes

People with diabetes face a life-long optimization problem: to maintain strict glycemic control without increasing their risk for hypoglycemia. Since the discovery of insulin in 1921, the external regulation of diabetes by engineering means has became a hallmark of this optimization. Diabetes technology has progressed remarkably over the past 50 years—a progress that includes the development of markers for diabetes control, sophisticated monitoring techniques, mathematical models, assessment procedures, and control algorithms. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was introduced in 1999 and has evolved from means for retroactive review of blood glucose profiles to versatile reliable devices, which monitor the course of glucose fluctuations in real time and provide interactive feedback to the patient. Technology integrating CGM with insulin pumps is now available, opening the field for automated closed-loop control, known as the artificial pancreas. Following a number of in-clinic trials, the quest for a wearable ambulatory artificial pancreas is under way, with a first prototype tested in outpatient setting during the past year. This paper discusses key milestones of diabetes technology development, focusing on the progress in the past 10 years and on the artificial pancreas—still not a cure, but arguably the most promising treatment of diabetes to date.
Diversity within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in Switzerland by recA gene sequence.

A total of 874 Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected in Switzerland to investigate the genetic diversity of the Borrelia population. We integrated to the RT-PCR method the DNA sequence analysis of a 162-bp fragment of the recA gene. Five genospecies were detected: Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. , Borrelia garinii, Borrelia valaisiana, and Borrelia lusitaniae. A heterogeneous distribution was observed within the B. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies. The most prevalent and diverse genospecies found in Switzerland was Borrelia afzelii, which might suggest a rapid evolution of this genospecies.
Bulk high-Tc superconductors with drilled holes: how to arrange the holes to maximize the trapped magnetic flux?

Drilling holes in a bulk high-Tc superconductor enhances the oxygen annealing and the heat exchange with the cooling liquid. However, drilling holes also reduces the amount of magnetic flux that can be trapped in the sample. In this paper, we use the Bean model to study the magnetization and the current line distribution in drilled samples, as a function of the hole positions. A single hole perturbs the critical current flow over an extended region that is bounded by a discontinuity line, where the direction of the current density changes abruptly. We demonstrate that the trapped magnetic flux is maximized if the centre of each hole is positioned on one of the discontinuity lines produced by the neighbouring holes. For a cylindrical sample, we construct a polar triangular hole pattern that exploits this principle; in such a lattice, the trapped field is ∼20% higher than in a squared lattice, for which the holes do not lie on discontinuity lines. This result indicates that one can simultaneously enhance the oxygen annealing, the heat transfer and maximize the trapped field.
Segmentation by color coalition labeling for figure-ground segregation in decoration designs

Accurate figure-ground segregation of decoration designs allows for the computation of high-level design features for use in content-based retrieval and indexing systems, and may further serve as a basis for design understanding and various design manipulations. This paper outlines a method for figure-ground segregation that is particularly suitable for color design images generally encountered in the textile industry. We propose a strategy consisting of three main steps: (i) obtain initial candidates for the background by multi-scale detection of color texture regions; (ii) assess the appropriateness of the candidates by a classification algorithm based on visual cues such as relative size, connectedness and massiveness; (iii) integrate the results of the previous steps to produce a hierarchical description of the figure-ground structure of the design. The first step is performed by a novel algorithm for color texture detection based on an analysis of the local color structure of the design. The multi-scale nature of the algorithm allows for the detection of nested backgrounds. Results are presented for two databases of decorative design images; one of specialized type and one of general type.
Rate Nonlinearities and Regime Switches

Usingnon-parametricestimationmethods,variousauthorshave shown distinctnon-linearities in the drift andvolatility function of the US short rate,which are inconsistentwith standard affinetermstructuremodels.Wedocumenthow aregime-switchingmodelwith statedependent transitionprobabilitiesbetweenregimescanreplicatethepatternsfoundby thenon-parametric studies.To do so,we usedatafrom theUK andGermany in additionto US dataandinclude term spreadsin someof our models. We alsoexaminethe drift andvolatility function of the termspread.
ChiTaRS: a database of human, mouse and fruit fly chimeric transcripts and RNA-sequencing data

Chimeric RNAs that comprise two or more different transcripts have been identified in many cancers and among the Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) isolated from different organisms; they might represent functional proteins and produce different disease phenotypes. The ChiTaRS database of Chimeric Transcripts and RNA-Sequencing data (http://chitars.bioinfo.cnio.es/) collects more than 16 000 chimeric RNAs from humans, mice and fruit flies, 233 chimeras confirmed by RNA-seq reads and ∼2000 cancer breakpoints. The database indicates the expression and tissue specificity of these chimeras, as confirmed by RNA-seq data, and it includes mass spectrometry results for some human entries at their junctions. Moreover, the database has advanced features to analyze junction consistency and to rank chimeras based on the evidence of repeated junction sites. Finally, ‘Junction Search’ screens through the RNA-seq reads found at the chimeras’ junction sites to identify putative junctions in novel sequences entered by users. Thus, ChiTaRS is an extensive catalog of human, mouse and fruit fly chimeras that will extend our understanding of the evolution of chimeric transcripts in eukaryotes and can be advantageous in the analysis of human cancer breakpoints.
Procedure di Decisione Ibride per QBF Hybrid Evaluation Procedures for QBF

In questo lavoro viene presentato un sistema per la valutazione e certificazione di formule proposizionali quantificate (QBFs) che si basa su un approccio ibrido al problema. Vengono considerate questioni attinenti all’integrazione di differenti filosofie di soluzione e il ruolo delle meta-euristiche nella composizione del sistema complessivo. We present a system designed to evaluate and certify Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBFs) by employing a hybrid approach to the problem. Issues in integrating different philosophies and the usage of meta-heuristics to compose the whole framework are addressed.
Text-Based Writing Assignments for College Readiness

Research shows that cognitively demanding text-based writing assignments increase students' reading comprehension skills and analytic writing competencies. In this article, we describe the steps that upper-elementary grade teachers can take to develop cognitively demanding assignments that build these higher-level literacy skills and put students on the path to college readiness. Specifically, we discuss features of texts, both fiction and nonfiction, that provide grist for students to grapple with in their writing and prompts that support knowledge construction, deep thinking about texts, and use of evidence to support reasoning.
Security management for administration and control of corporate-wide, diverse systems

The importance of high level management of complex information systems, extending over several heterogeneous and geographically distributed computing platforms, is rapidly increasing. The design of a comprehensive and enterprise-wide security strategy, including the efficient administration of large user groups while maintaining the access rights of tens of thousands of users, is next to impossible without support from sophisticated and powerful software toolsets. In this paper we highlight some applications of the software product Security Administration Manager (SAM). With SAM, the staff responsible for security administration has at its disposal an object-oriented tool to monitor the security management of a complex IS-environment.
On the Fractional Poisson Process and the Discretized Stable Subordinator

We consider the renewal counting number process N = N(t) as a forward march over the non-negative integers with independent identically distributed waiting times. We embed the values of the counting numbers N in a “pseudo-spatial” non-negative half-line x ≥ 0 and observe that for physical time likewise we have t ≥ 0. Thus we apply the Laplace transform with respect to both variables x and t. Applying then a modification of the Montroll-Weiss-Cox formalism of continuous time random walk we obtain the essential characteristics of a renewal process in the transform domain and, if we are lucky, also in the physical domain. The process t = t(N) of accumulation of waiting times is inverse to the counting number process, in honour of the Danish mathematician and telecommunication engineer A.K. Erlang we call it the Erlang process. It yields the probability of exactly n renewal events in the interval (0; t]. We apply our Laplace-Laplace formalism to the fractional Poisson process whose waiting times are of Mittag-Leffler type and to a renewal process whose waiting times are of Wright type. The process of Mittag-Leffler type includes as a limiting case the classical Poisson process, the process of Wright type represents the discretized stable subordinator and a re-scaled version of it was used in our method of parametric subordination of time-space fractional diffusion processes. Properly rescaling the counting number process N(t) and the Erlang process t(N) yields as diffusion limits the inverse stable and the stable subordinator, respectively.
Relative Age Effects in Athletic Sprinting and Corrective Adjustments as a Solution for Their Removal

Relative Age Effects (RAEs) refer to the selection and performance differentials between children and youth who are categorized in annual-age groups. In the context of Swiss 60m athletic sprinting, 7761 male athletes aged 8 – 15 years were analysed, with this study examining whether: (i) RAE prevalence changed across annual age groups and according to performance level (i.e., all athletes, Top 50%, 25% & 10%); (ii) whether the relationship between relative age and performance could be quantified, and corrective adjustments applied to test if RAEs could be removed. Part one identified that when all athletes were included, typical RAEs were evident, with smaller comparative effect sizes, and progressively reduced with older age groups. However, RAE effect sizes increased linearly according to performance level (i.e., all athletes – Top 10%) regardless of age group. In part two, all athletes born in each quartile, and within each annual age group, were entered into linear regression analyses. Results identified that an almost one year relative age difference resulted in mean expected performance differences of 10.1% at age 8, 8.4% at 9, 6.8% at 10, 6.4% at 11, 6.0% at 12, 6.3% at 13, 6.7% at 14, and 5.3% at 15. Correction adjustments were then calculated according to day, month, quarter, and year, and used to demonstrate that RAEs can be effectively removed from all performance levels, and from Swiss junior sprinting more broadly. Such procedures could hold significant implications for sport participation as well as for performance assessment, evaluation, and selection during athlete development.
The faint end of the galaxy luminosity function in moderate-redshift clusters

We present deep two-colour photometry of two rich clusters at z = 0.18, A665 and A1689. We use these data to construct number counts as a function of magnitude in the two fields. By combining these counts with similar observations from a large area field survey we subtract the field contamination statistically to produce luminosity functions for the two clusters. Great care has been taken to achieve agreement between the photometry of these two samples. The cluster data are complete to a limiting magnitude of I = 22.5 or an absolute magnitude in the cluster of I = 18.0 (M ⋆ + 5). The luminosity functions of both clusters are well described by a Gaussian function for the bright galaxies, combined with a Schechter function at the faint end, similar to that required to fit the luminosity function in local clusters. The slope at the faint end of the Schechter function in both clusters is extremely steep in V , � � 2. A shallower slope is seen to the limit of the I data, indicating that the cluster population is rapidly blueing as we reach fainter. The excellent agreement between the form of the luminosity function in our two distant clusters, as well as agreement with the luminosity function given by Driver et al. (1994) for a single z = 0.21 cluster, indicates that this faint blue population is a general constituent of distant clusters. We compare our results with those from studies of local clusters. Depending upon the degree of fading (or disruption) of these faint blue galaxies, we tentatively identify their remnants with the low surface brightness dwarf galaxies which are the dominant population in local clusters. We discuss the possible role of this population as the source of most of the X-ray gas in rich clusters.
Design of a networked control system with random transmission delay and uncertain process parameters

This article discusses the compensation of the transmission delay in a networked control system (NCS) with a state feedback, which possesses a randomly varying transmission delay and uncertain process parameters. The compensation is implemented by using a buffer in the actuator node and a state estimator in the controller node. A Linear Matrix Inequality-based sufficient condition for the stability of the NCS under the designed compensation is proposed. The simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the compensation method.
FTLE and LCS in Uncertain Unsteady Flows

The objective of this paper is to understand transport behavior in uncertain time-varying flow fields by redefining the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) and Lagrangian coherent structure (LCS) as stochastic counterparts of their traditional deterministic definitions. Three new concepts are introduced: the distribution of the FTLE (D-FTLE), the FTLE of distributions (FTLE-D), and uncertain LCS (U-LCS). The D-FTLE is the probability density function of FTLE values for every spatiotemporal location, which can be visualized with different statistical measurements. The FTLE-D extends the deterministic FTLE by measuring the divergence of particle distributions. It gives a statistical overview of how transport behaviors vary in neighborhood locations. The U-LCS, the probabilities of finding LCSs over the domain, can be extracted with stochastic ridge finding and density estimation algorithms. We show that our approach produces better results than existing variance-based methods do. Our experiments also show that the combination of D-FTLE, FTLE-D, and U-LCS can help users understand transport behaviors and find separatrices in ensemble simulations of atmospheric processes.
Fast Optimization of a Linear Actuator by Space Mapping Using Unique Finite-Element Model

This paper focuses on the optimization of a linear actuator by the “output space mapping (OSM)” method. The underlying objective of this work lies in the minimization of the time required for the achievement of this optimal design. Indeed, in addition to the sole costs of optimization processes strictly speaking, the time needed for the developpement of the models is taken into account. In the context of OSM, two different finite-element models of the same actuator are used. This paper presents these modeling solutions and considers their corresponding accuracy. Results of this multi-objective optimization method are presented and compared with those obtained by the sequential simplex (SS) method based solely on the fine model. Both approaches give similar results. However, the comparison of their performances clearly shows that the OSM algorithm is an effective technique for reducing the computation time of optimization studies, even in the case of relatively simple electromagnetic structures. Hence, this approach leads to an original and effective optimization methodology.
Listening Is Where Hearing Meets Brain...in Children and Adults

Hearing Is a Sense, Listening Is a Skill For hearing care professionals, our fundamental concern has historically been hearing. Of course, that makes perfect sense, and is rational and defensible. Indeed, if one cannot hear the vast multiplicity of sounds from which speech is derived, one cannot listen. However, the core reason we endeavor to help people hear is to help people listen successfully, through the appropriate use of advanced hearing access technologies, such as hearing aids, FM systems, bone-anchored hearing systems, cochlear implants, brainstem implants, assistive listening devices, aural rehabilitation, alternative listening strategies, etc. All of these strategies center on the ability to make cognitive sense of sound. If the patient cannot listen better, or if they remain unable to apply appropriate meaning to the cornucopia of sounds around them, they’re not likely to fully appreciate our efforts on their behalf. The goal is not simply making sounds louder; the goal is improved (and hopefully successful) listening.
Short- and long-term outreach at the zoo: cognitive learning about marine ecological and conservational issues

Although zoos envision themselves as environmental education institutions and governmental policies require that students become environmentally responsible citizens, it is surprising, that little research is done with regard to school field trips to the zoo. Many students are not aware that their everyday life affects marine environments that may enhance through spatially disconnection from marine ecosystems. A zoo field trip may overcome this disconnection. Considering knowledge as prerequisite for environmental attitudes and behavior, our study focused on cognitive learning of high school students at an instructional zoo field trip about marine ecology and conservation, by applying two cooperative learning settings. The study followed a quasi-experimental design, applying multiple-choice pre-post-retention tests. The results show satisfying short- and long-term knowledge achievement. Our cooperative learning settings seems to be a suitable approach for zoo field trips to facilitate a satisfying cognitive outcome concerning marine ecology and conservational issues.