Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aging Processes and Their Influence on the Mechanical Properties of Printable Occlusal Splint Materials

Three-dimensional (3D)-printed occlusal splints are becoming more prevalent in the treatment of tooth substance loss due to their fast and cost-effective production. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate whether the mechanical properties (tensile strength—TS, modulus of elasticity in tension—ME, and Vickers hardness—HV) vary between the materials (printed dimethacrylate-based resins: Keyprint KeySplint soft—KEY, Luxaprint Ortho Plus—LUX, V-Print splint—VPR, printed methacrylate-based resins Freeprint splint 2.0—FRE, and milled methacrylate-based material, CLEAR splint—CLE), and the influence of aging processes (extraoral storage conditions and nightly or daily use) was examined. The printed methacrylate-based resins (FRE, LUX, and VPR) had much higher TS (43.7–48.5 MPa compared to 12.3–13.3 MPa), higher ME (2.01–2.37 GPa compared to 0.43–0.72 GPa), and higher HV (11.8–15.0 HV compared to 3.3–3.5 HV) than both of the methacrylate-based resins (KEY and CLE) after the production process. Although the TS, ME, and HV of the printed dimethacrylate resins (FRE, LUX, and VPR) decreased significantly under humid conditions with possibly elevated temperatures (thermocycling as well as 37 °C), these mechanical properties were significantly higher than both methacrylate-based resins (KEY and CLE). Therefore, printed dimethacrylate resins should be used rather than methacrylate-based resins for high expected masticatory forces, low wall thicknesses, or very long wearing times (≥6 months).
A randomized controlled trial of a targeted support program for informal caregivers in adult psychiatry

Background The importance of informal caregivers for persons with severe mental illness has been demonstrated. However, this role may cause a high care burden that considerably affects caregiver health. The Ensemble program is a five-session brief individual intervention designed to support informal caregivers. This trial aimed to assess the efficacy of the program versus SAU (support as usual) for participants with a high care burden. Methods A single-center randomized controlled trial including 149 participants was conducted. Caregivers in the intervention arm participated in the Ensemble program. The effects of the intervention were assessed using mixed models for repeated measures analysis of variance on improvements in informal caregivers’ psychological health status, optimism levels, burden scores, and quality of life at three time points (T0 = pretest; T1 = posttest at 2 months, and T2 = follow-up at 4 months). Results Analysis of the Global Psychological Index showed no significant effect at the two endpoints in favor of the Ensemble group. However, the Brief Symptom Inventory-Positive Symptom Distress Index was significantly lower at the two-month follow-up. A significant reduction in burden on the Zarit Burden Interview was observed post-intervention, along with an increase in optimism levels on the Life Orientation Test-Revised at follow-up in the Ensemble group. No significant differences were observed in quality of life. Clinical improvements in both psychological health status and burden levels were also identified. Conclusion The Ensemble program offers an inclusive approach based on a recovery perspective that significantly reduces symptom distress and burden and increases optimism among informal caregivers. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT04020497.
MPTFormer: Toward Robust Arm Gesture Pose Tracking Using Dual-View Radar System

Locating human joints using low-cost commercial millimeter-wave (mmWave) radars is an emerging technology. Compared to single-view radar, dual-view radar fusion is more efficient for robust arm gesture pose tracking since it can capture a wider area of human reflection and radial velocity in both directions. One challenging task for dual-view radar fusion is to effectively utilize the reflection points’ spatial and velocity information and focus perceptual cues related to joint position and velocity for accurate joint tracking. In this article, we propose a millimeter-wave pose tracking transformer (MPTFormer), a method for arm gesture pose tracking using both front- and side-view mmWave radars. Specifically, MPTFormer consists of a multidomain fusion transformer (MFFormer) and a joint tracking transformer (JTFormer). In the MFFormer, joint position and velocity estimation tasks are set, and the range–azimuth map (RAM) and range–Doppler map (RDM) of the dual-view radar are set as token embeddings, which interacted with joint position and velocity tokens for learning perceptual cues related to joint position and velocity as well as joint constraint relationships. Meanwhile, the nonlocal dependencies between dual-view radar and its multidomain features are mined to obtain good global feature representation. In the JTFormer, a hybrid learning architecture of the temporal transformer and long short-term memory (LSTM) is designed, which tracks the joint position according to the global and local features of the joint in the temporal dimension. Finally, in the pose-tracking task containing 12 different arm gestures, the proposed method can achieve 25.2 mm mean per joint position error (MPJPE) and 19.1 mm Procrustes analysis-MPJPE (P-MPJPE).
Spatial distribution of transit times in montane catchments: conceptualization tools for management

Received 24 July 2010 Accepted 28 July 2010 Transit Times in Headwater Catchments The hydrological community is showing increasing interest in using tracers to understand catchment function by characterizing transit times (Beven, 2010). This usually requires fitting a transit time distribution (TTD) to the input–output dynamics of assumed conservative tracers which allows statistics such as the mean transit time (MTT) to be estimated (McGuire and McDonnell, 2006). Although such an estimation involves various assumptions and associated uncertainties, the MTT can be used as a fundamental metric for the integrated catchment function that gives a scale-independent index that can aid catchment classification and intercomparison (McDonnell et al., 2010). Such indices can be particularly useful in many montane areas, where data are usually particularly sparse and MTTs are often relatively short and estimates are well constrained. Additionally, MTTs can often be predicted from landscape characteristics in montane areas where topography (McGuire et al., 2005), soils (Soulsby et al., 2006a) or geology (Viville et al., 2006) act as first order controls. Thus, the catchment structure can be explicitly linked to the hydrological function in a predictive manner which allows MTTs to be estimated for ungauged basins from landscape characteristics that can be derived from a geographic information system (GIS) (McGuire et al., 2005; Soulsby and Tetzlaff, 2008). In addition, MTTs have also been shown to be closely correlated with hydrometric design statistics (Soulsby et al., 2010). This enables MTT estimation for ungauged basins to be used to also estimate flow statistics, as well as potentially providing insight into catchment-scale water storage (Soulsby et al., 2009). In the Scottish Highlands (which cover about 70% of land area), a study of 20 catchments ranging from 0·5 to 30 km2 used multiple regression to show that almost 90% of the variability in MTTs derived from long-term tracer data could be explained by four parameters (Hrachowitz et al., 2009). These parameters related to landscape controls that can be readily extracted from a GIS: (i) responsive soil cover (RSC) (i.e. soils that generate quickflow), (ii) drainage density, (iii) long-term precipitation intensity and (iv) topographic wetness index (TWI). The resulting model could predict MTTs with a relative error of 0·26 and was independently validated in 20 additional catchments in the Scottish Highlands at scales ranging from 1 to 1700 km2 (Hrachowitz et al., 2010a). Given the relatively robust nature of the model, it offers the potential to estimate MTTs in ungauged basins in the Scottish Highlands with a reasonable degree of accuracy. This provides a new basis for disaggregating MTTs at the mesoscale and conceptualizing how landscape characteristics interact to integrate the small-scale heterogeneity which contributes to the evolution of MTTs at larger scales. In this Commentary, we suggest that this can contribute to the provision of tools for communicating process-based hydrological
Analysis on annual variation and seasonal change of runoff from water resources utilization in the interior rivers——the case of Tarim River

Tarim drainage basin refers to the total sum of all the stream systems which have natural and artificial hydraulic connection, especially the surface water connection, with Tarim River. Therefore, it should include the stream systems of Hotan River, Yarkant River, Aksu River, Ogan River, and Kaidu-Konqi River. The relation of the stream systems of Ogan River and Kaidu-Konqi River with the main stream of Tarim River is weak. So the other three stream systems that have a direct hydraulic connection with the main stream of Trim River are taken as the analytical objects in this paper. The annual and seasonal transformations from water resources utilization in the Tarim drainage basin are analyzed, which include the change of discharge and temporal and spatial distribution of runoff, etc. caused by sharply increased channeled water due to population growth and enlargement of irrigation area in recent 40 years. The results show that the runoff in the main stream of Tarim River is reducing year by year, its seasonal distribution is concentrated, and the concentrated period is lagging year by year due to the increase of water consumption at the upper reaches and decrease of water recharge to the lower reaches. These hydrological effects directly threaten the future of the irrigated areas and green corridor at the lower reaches of the Trim River, where the eco environment is extremely fragile. Therefore, Tarim drainage basin must be managed in an overall planned way.
Antecedents of Depression among Undergraduates in Nigerian Private Universities

Prevalence of the effect of depression on young adults’ well-being has turned out to be a priority as a result of the simultaneous increase in mental health problems among individuals. Depression being a mental disorder that comes with unhappy mood, loss of interest, low self-worth, insomnia, and poor concentration seems to be ravaging the younger generation, especially undergraduates in tertiary institutions. Hence, this study investigated the antecedents of depression among undergraduates in Nigerian private universities. The research objectives were to (1) examine the level of depression among the undergraduates; (2) assess the past history of depression among the undergraduates;( 3) assess the level of perceived family support among the undergraduates; (4) determine the significant relationship between the history of depression and levels of depression; and (5) to assess the significant relationship between the history of depression and perceived family support. This research work made use of the quantitative source of data, through which data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and administered to 365 undergraduates. The findings showed that the majority of the undergraduates manifest one level of depression or the other, as about one-fifth of the respondents show signs of no form of depression and are thus regarded as normal. The study also showed that the level of perceived family support received by the undergraduates was found to be moderate, and there was a significant relationship between the history of depression and perceived family support. It was also found that there is a significant relationship between history of depression and levels of depression. The study recommends that counseling centers be provided in all institutions so as to give help to students battling with one issue or the other so as to avoid a high level of depression. In addition, parents are advised to show a positive and caring attitude to their children as the experiences a student experiences at home could have a significant influence on the student in school, which could lead to depression or otherwise.
Faults Identification in Digital Counter Using Naïve-Bayes’ Algorithm

This paper elaborates on the implementation of the Naïve Bayes Algorithm to identify the faults occurrence in the digital counter circuits. The digital counters are circuits utilized to count the values in increasing order, decreasing order, or both directions. The digital counters find applications in real time from simple wristwatches to the industrial conveyor belt that is automated based on timings. The fault happening in the digital counter circuit is to be identified using Fault detection methods such as modular redundancy methods and error detection methods. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence algorithms, the identification of faults and errors in circuits is attained rapid manner. Though there are several machine learning algorithms such as Decision trees, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machines, the naïve Bayes algorithm is an easy and efficient algorithm to identify the errors in the circuits. This work concentrates on the naïve Bayes algorithm by developing the HDL code to predict the faults in the counter circuits. The proposed HDL code is validated for parameters namely power, area, and timing using the EDA tools.
Formulation and Investigation of CK2 Inhibitor-Loaded Alginate Microbeads with Different Excipients

The aim of this study was to formulate and characterize CK2 inhibitor-loaded alginate microbeads via the polymerization method. Different excipients were used in the formulation to improve the penetration of an active agent and to stabilize our preparations. Transcutol® HP was added to the drug–sodium alginate mixture and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added to the hardening solution, alone and in combination. To characterize the formulations, mean particle size, scanning electron microscopy analysis, encapsulation efficiency, swelling behavior, an enzymatic stability test and an in vitro dissolution study were performed. The cell viability assay and permeability test were also carried out on the Caco-2 cell line. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the formulations were finally evaluated. The combination of Transcutol® HP and PVP in the formulation of sodium alginate microbeads could improve the stability, in vitro permeability, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the CK2 inhibitor.
HYBRID INVERTER FOR WITH ASSOCIATION OF A FIVE LEVEL INVERTER AND A THREE LEVEL TWO SWITCH INVERTER

Resumo. This paper presents the most important topologies like diode-clamped inverter (neutral-point clamped), capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor), and cascaded multicell with separate dc sources. Emerging topologies like asymmetric hybrid cells and soft-switched multilevel inverters are also discussed. This paper also presents the most relevant control and modulation methods developed for this family of converters: multilevel sinusoidal pulse width modulation, multilevel selective harmonic elimination, and space-vector modulation. The voltage regulation is obtained by means of a switched power stage, composed of two current sources used to modulate the desired RMS value and waveform in the output stage. Mathematical analysis, experimental and simulation results are presented.
New constraints on the structure, thermochronology, and timing of the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, SE Asia

New structural, petrographic, and 40Ar/39Ar data constrain the kinematics of the ASRR (Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone). In the XueLong Shan (XLS), geochronological data reveal Triassic, Early Tertiary, and Oligo-Miocene thermal events. The latter event (33–26 Ma) corresponds to cooling during left-lateral shear. In the FanSiPan (FSP) range, thrusting of the SaPa nappe, linked to left-lateral deformation, and cooling of the FSP granite occurred at ≈35 Ma. Rapid cooling resumed at 25–29 Ma as a result of uplift within the transtensive ASRR. In the DayNuiConVoi (DNCV), foliation trends NW-SE, but is deflected near large-scale shear planes. Stretching lineation is nearly horizontal. On steep foliations, shear criteria indicate left-lateral shear sense. Zones with flatter foliations show compatible shear senses. Petrographic data indicate decompression from ≈6.5 kbar during left-lateral shear (temperatures >700°C). 40Ar/39Ar data imply rapid cooling from above 350°C to below 150°C between 25 and 22 Ma without diachronism along strike. Along the whole ASRR cooling histories show two main episodes: (1) rapid cooling from peak metamorphism during left-lateral shear; (2) rapid cooling from greenschist conditions during right-lateral reactivation of the ASRR. In the NW part of the ASRR (XLS, Diancang Shan), we link rapid cooling 1 to local denudations in a transpressive environment. In the SW part (Ailao Shan and DNCV), cooling 1 resulted from regional denudation by zipper-like tectonics in a transtensive regime. The induced cooling diachronism observed in the Ailao Shan suggests left-lateral rates of 4 to 5 cm/yr from 27 Ma until ≈17 Ma. DNCV rocks always stayed in a transtensive regime and do not show cooling diachronism. The similarities of deformation kinematics along the ASRR and in the South China Sea confirms the causal link between continental strike-slip faulting and marginal basin opening.
Three-dimensional structure of experimentally produced clay smears: Implications for fault seal analysis

The geometries of clay smears produced in a series of direct shear experiments on composite blocks containing a clay-rich seal layer sandwiched between sandstone reservoir layers have been analyzed in detail. The geometries of the evolving shear zones and volume clay distributions are related back to the monitored hydraulic response, the deformation conditions, and the clay content and strength of the seal rock. The laboratory experiments were conducted under 4 to 24 MPa (580–3481 psi) fault normal effective stress, equivalent to burial depths spanning from less than approximately 0.8 to 4.2 km (0.5 to 2.6 mi) in a sedimentary basin. The sheared blocks were imaged using medical-type x-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging validated with optical photography of sawn blocks. The interpretation of CT scans was used to construct digital geomodels of clay smears and surrounding volumes from which quantitative information was obtained. The distribution patterns and thickness variations of the clay smears were found to vary considerably according to the level of stress applied during shear and to the brittleness of the seal layer. The stiffest seal layers with the lowest clay percentage formed the most segmented clay smears. Segmentation does not necessarily indicate that the fault seal was breached because wear products may maintain the seal between the individual smear segments as they form. In experiments with the seal layer formed of softer clays, a more uniform smear thickness is observed, but the average thickness of the clay smear tends to be lower than in stiffer clays. Fault drag and tapering of the seal layer are limited to a region close to the fault cutoffs. Therefore, the comparative decrease of sealing potential away from the cutoff zones differs from predictions of clay smear potential type models. Instead of showing a power-law decrease away from the cutoffs toward the midpoint of the shear zone, the clay smear thickness is either uniform, segmented, or undulating, reflecting the accumulated effects of kinematic processes other than drag. Increased normal stress improved fault sealing in the experiments mainly by increasing fault zone thickness, which led to more clay involvement in the fault zone per unit of source layer thickness. The average clay fraction of the fault zone conforms to the prediction of the shale gouge ratio (SGR) model because clay volume is essentially preserved during the deformation process. However, the hydraulic seal performance does not correlate to the clay fraction or SGR but does increase as the net clay volume in the fault zone increases. We introduce a scaled form of SGR called SSGR to account for increased clay involvement in the fault zone caused by higher stress and variable obliquity of the seal layer to the fault zone. The scaled SGR gives an improved correlation to seal performance in our samples compared to the other algorithms.
Urban hydrogeomorphology and the urban stream syndrome

The urban stream syndrome is an almost universal physical and ecological response of streams to catchment urbanization. Altered channel geomorphology is a primary symptom that includes channel deepening, widening and instability. While the common approach is to treat the symptoms (e.g. modifying and stabilizing the channel), many stream restoration objectives will not be achieved unless the more vexing problem, treating the cause, is addressed in some way. Research demonstrates that the dominant cause of geomorphic change in streams in urban catchments is an altered flow regime and increase in the volume of stormwater runoff. Thus, managers can choose to treat the symptoms by modifying and controlling the channel to accommodate the altered flow regime, or treat the cause by modifying the flow regime to reduce the impact on channel morphology. In both cases treatments must, at the least, explicitly consider hydrogeomorphology—the science of the linkages between various hydrologic and geomorphic processes—to have a chance of success. This paper provides a review of recent literature (2010 to early 2015) to discuss fluvial hydrogeomorphology in the management of streams subject to urbanization. We suggest that while the dominant approach is focused on combating the symptoms of catchment urbanization (that we refer to as channel reconfiguration), there is increasing interest in approaches that attempt to address the causes by using stormwater control measures at a range of scales in the catchment (e.g. flow-regime management). In many settings in the oft-constrained urban catchment, effective management of stream morphology may require multiple approaches. To conclude, we identify five research areas that could inform urban hydrogeomorphology, one of the most challenging of which is the extent to which the volume of excess urban stormwater runoff can be reduced to mitigate the impact on stream geomorphology.
Application of BOTDR to monitoring sea dyke subsidence

The importance of long-term on-line monitoring sea dyke subsidence is described.An experimental system,which monitors Shanghai Lingang sea dyke section k3+640 and k3+780 using distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing technology(BOTDR),is introduced.The monitoring data from optical fiber sensor system and traditional leveling observation are compared;and the position of the largest strain coincides with the position of the load.The subsidence distribution is calculated;and it coincides with on-site load status and the result of leveling observation.The maximum deviation of five in-situ observation points is 94 mm;the average diviation is 39.2 mm.