Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Temperature Homogeneity of Die Melt Flows in Polymer Extrusion

Polymer extrusion is fundamental to the processing of polymeric materials and melt flow temperature homogeneity is a major factor which influences product quality. Undesirable thermal conditions can cause problems such as melt degradation, dimensional instability, weaknesses in mechanical/optical/geometrical properties, and so forth. It has been revealed that melt temperature varies with time and with radial position across the die. However, the majority of polymer processes use only single-point techniques whose thermal measurements are limited to the single point at which they are fixed. Therefore, it is impossible for such techniques to determine thermal homogeneity across the melt flow. In this work, an extensive investigation was carried out into melt flow thermal behavior of the output of a single extruder with different polymers and screw geometries over a wide range of processing conditions. Melt temperature profiles of the process output were observed using a thermocouple mesh placed in the flow and results confirmed that the melt flow thermal behavior is different at different radial positions. The uniformity of temperature across the melt flow deteriorated considerably with increase in screw rotational speed while it was also shown to be dependent on process settings, screw geometry, and material properties. Moreover, it appears that the effects of the material, machine, and process settings on the quantity and quality of the process output are heavily coupled with each other and this may cause the process to be difficult to predict and variable in nature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2430–2440, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Provider attitudes and management regarding returning to drive after concussion

The annual incidence of sports and recreational-related concussion in the USA is 1.6–3.8 million.1 Just as concussions are common in adolescents, so are motor vehicle crashes. Asif et al 2 recently showed that motor vehicle crashes are the most common cause of sudden death in collegiate athletes across levels of competition, gender, race and sport.2 Driving is a complex task that requires coordination of cognitive, visual and motor skills as well as higher cognitive skills such as concentration, attention, visual perception, insight and memory. Concussion may induce a variety of cognitive perturbations that might compromise driving ability— including physical symptoms such as headache or dizziness, cognitive dysfunction, emotional lability, as well as impaired sleep. Though there are no published data on driving after concussion, there are published data regarding driving after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). …
Brokerage-based attack on real world temporal networks

Abstract In this paper, we attempt to investigate the attack tolerance of human mobility networks where the mobility is restricted to some extent, for instance, in a hospital, one is not allowed to access all locations. Similar situations also arise in schools. In such a network, we will show that people need to rely upon some intermediate agents, popularly known as the brokers to disseminate information. In order to establish this fact, we have followed the approach of attack in a network which in turn helps to identify important nodes in the network in order to maintain the overall connectivity. In this direction, we have proposed, a new temporal metric, brokerage frequency which significantly outperforms all other state-of-the-art attack strategies reported in Trajanovski et al. (2012), Sur et al. (2015).
Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 1 (ERCC1) Status and Lung Cancer Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies and Recommendations

Purpose Despite discrepant results on clinical utility, several trials are already prospectively randomizing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by ERCC1 status. We aimed to characterize the prognostic and predictive effect of ERCC1 by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Eligible studies assessed survival and/or chemotherapy response in NSCLC or SCLC by ERCC1 status. Effect measures of interest were hazard ratio (HR) for survival or relative risk (RR) for chemotherapy response. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to account for between-study heterogeneity, with unadjusted/adjusted effect estimates considered separately. Results 23 eligible studies provided survival results in 2,726 patients. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in all meta-analyses (I2 always >30%), partly due to variability in thresholds defining ‘low’ and ‘high’ ERCC1. Meta-analysis of unadjusted estimates showed high ERCC1 was associated with significantly worse overall survival in platinum-treated NSCLC (average unadjusted HR = 1.61, 95%CI:1.23–2.1, p = 0.014), but not in NSCLC untreated with chemotherapy (average unadjusted HR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.51–1.31). Meta-analysis of adjusted estimates was limited by variable choice of adjustment factors and potential publication bias (Egger's p<0.0001). There was evidence that high ERCC1 was associated with reduced response to platinum (average RR = 0.80; 95%CI:0.64–0.99). SCLC data were inadequate to draw firm conclusions. Conclusions Current evidence suggests high ERCC1 may adversely influence survival and response in platinum-treated NSCLC patients, but not in non-platinum treated, although definitive evidence of a predictive influence is lacking. International consensus is urgently required to provide consistent, validated ERCC1 assessment methodology. ERCC1 assessment for treatment selection should currently be restricted to, and evaluated within, clinical trials.
Robust Detection For The Weld Seam Shaped Zigzag Line

The methods are proposed to improve robustness of detecting the weld seam shaped zigzag line in the case of powerful arc light and light reflex. Firstly, robust estimation methods are proposed to fit the direction of weld seam and the normal vector of workpiece plane, which make the arc welding robot track weld seam with satisfied precision. Secondly, a predictive model for feature points of weld scam is established using Kalman filter to avoid tracking failure. Thirdly, the method based on predictive model is used to decide whether current feature point is a turning point on weld seam shaped zigzag line. Experiments show the effectiveness of the methods
How direct electrospinning in methanol bath affects the physico-chemical and biological properties of silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds

Developing a rapid and easy approach to fabricate crystalline silk fibroin nanofibres without any needs for post-processing stage is focused. Thus, methanol bath was chosen as the collector and then the effect of soaking time on the properties of fibroin fibres was investigated. The results indicated that the wet-electrospun mats had higher fibre diameter than mats made by conventional electrospinning system. With prolonging the electrospinning time in methanol bath, a slight increase in the average fibre diameter and crystallinity were observed. In addition, the stiffness of the wet-electrospun mats increased with increasing soaking time, while the breaking stress decreased. The cellular viability of the osteoblast-like cells (MG63) on fibroin mats improved during wet-electrospinning process, while no significant difference was observed for cell attachment. Accordingly, it seems that wet electrospinning in methanol for 30 min is optimal for bone regeneration on account of viability and mechanical property.
Segregated Delivery of Rifampicin and Isoniazid from Fixed Dose Combination Bilayer Tablets for the Treatment of Tuberculosis

Aims: Develop an anti-tuberculosis (TB) Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) tablet containing an immediate release layer (IRL) composed of both rifampicin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PYR) and a retarded release layer (RRL) comprised of isoniazid (INH) which would allow segregated delivery of RIF and INH. Study Design: Trials were conducted on the pre-formulations and formulations to assess the compatibility of excipients and obtain a modified release profile, for an IRL consisting of both RIF and PYR and a RRL containing INH. Place and Duration of Study: This study was performed at the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Industrial Technology, Drug and Pharmaceutical Department, Faculty of Original Research Article British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(14): 1781-1801, 2014 1782 Pharmacy, between March 2008 and April 2010. Methodology: Preformulation studies were performed on RIF and PYR, alone and in combination with excipients. The pharmacopeic attributes of the distinct layers and the FDC tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability and disintegration time. The FDC bilayer tablets were analyzed for their drug content and cumulative dissolution of the drug. Results: Fourier transform infrared, x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results revealed the presence of amorphous and crystalline RIF forms and no potentially relevant incompatibilities were identified in the kneaded system containing RIF, PYR and excipients. In vitro drug release from the FDC tablets revealed that the intragranular addition of croscarmellose sodium into the IRL rendered a cumulative dissolution of RIF and PYR within the limits of simulated gastric fluid. And, for RRL, the most effective retardant matrix excipient was found to be hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Conclusion: Segregated delivery of RIF and INH from bilayer tablets is an option for the development of immediate release FDC tablets and the retarded release of INH, this strategy proved suitable for preventing contact of these two drugs under acidic conditions. This finding suggested that RIF had a high in vivo bioavailability which qualifies this FDC for future bioavailability studies.
Targeting Inflation : The United Kingdom in Retrospect

had involuntarily exited from its fixed exchange rate regime and had experienced a sharp currency depreciation as a result. The macroeconomic background was one of high and rising inflation expectations but a contracting real economy. The initial conditions for inflation targeting were not, therefore, particularly propitious. Despite this unfavorable backdrop, the United Kingdom’s experience with inflation targeting has been relatively successful so far. Retail price inflation has averaged 3 percent per year since 1993, and since 1997 it has been at or slightly above the Bank of England’s target of 2.5 percent. Inflation expectations, derived from the difference in yields between nominal and inflation-indexed bonds, have been anchored at around 2.5 percent for over a year. What factors, conjunctural and institutional, have contributed to this success story?
GAN: a platform of genomics and genetics analysis and application in Nicotiana

Abstract Nicotiana is an important Solanaceae genus, and plays a significant role in modern biological research. Massive Nicotiana biological data have emerged from in-depth genomics and genetics studies. From big data to big discovery, large-scale analysis and application with new platforms is critical. Based on data accumulation, a comprehensive platform of Genomics and Genetics Analysis and Application in Nicotiana (GAN) has been developed, and is publicly available at http://biodb.sdau. edu.cn/gan/. GAN consists of four main sections: (i) Sources, a total of 5267 germplasm lines, along with detailed descriptions of associated characteristics, are all available on the Germplasm page, which can be queried using eight different inquiry modes. Seven fully sequenced species with accompanying sequences and detailed genomic annotation are available on the Genomics page. (ii) Genetics, detailed descriptions of 10 genetic linkage maps, constructed by different parents, 2239 KEGG metabolic pathway maps and 209 945 gene families across all catalogued genes, along with two co-linearity maps combining N. tabacum with available tomato and potato linkage maps are available here. Furthermore, 3 963 119 genome-SSRs, 10 621 016 SNPs, 12 388 PIPs and 102 895 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction primers, are all available to be used and searched on the Markers page. (iii) Tools, the genome browser JBrowse and five useful online bioinformatics softwares, Blast, Primer3, SSR-detect, Nucl-Protein and E-PCR, are provided on the JBrowse and Tools pages. (iv) Auxiliary, all the datasets are shown on a Statistics page, and are available for download on a Download page. In addition, the user’s manual is provided on a Manual page in English and Chinese languages. GAN provides a user-friendly Web interface for searching, browsing and downloading the genomics and genetics datasets in Nicotiana. As far as we can ascertain, GAN is the most comprehensive source of bio-data available, and the most applicable resource for breeding, gene mapping, gene cloning, the study of the origin and evolution of polyploidy, and related studies in Nicotiana. Database URL: http://biodb.sdau. edu.cn/gan/
At the core of reasoning: Dissociating deductive and non‐deductive load

In recent years, neuroimaging methods have been used to investigate how the human mind carries out deductive reasoning. According to some, the neural substrate of language is integral to deductive reasoning. According to others, deductive reasoning is supported by a language‐independent distributed network including left frontopolar and frontomedial cortices. However, it has been suggested that activity in these frontal regions might instead reflect non‐deductive factors such as working memory load and general cognitive difficulty. To address this issue, 20 healthy volunteers participated in an fMRI experiment in which they evaluated matched simple and complex deductive and non‐deductive arguments in a 2 × 2 design. The contrast of complex versus simple deductive trials resulted in a pattern of activation closely matching previous work, including frontopolar and frontomedial “core” areas of deduction as well as other “cognitive support” areas in frontoparietal cortices. Conversely, the contrast of complex and simple non‐deductive trials resulted in a pattern of activation that does not include any of the aforementioned “core” areas. Direct comparison of the load effect across deductive and non‐deductive trials further supports the view that activity in the regions previously interpreted as “core” to deductive reasoning cannot merely reflect non‐deductive load, but instead might reflect processes specific to the deductive calculus. Finally, consistent with previous reports, the classical language areas in left inferior frontal gyrus and posterior temporal cortex do not appear to participate in deductive inference beyond their role in encoding stimuli presented in linguistic format.
Effect of mobility on the critical transmitting range for connectivity in wireless ad hoc networks

The effect of mobility on the critical transmitting range in wireless ad hoc networks is discussed in this paper. A new parameter, pause probability P/sub pause/, which is the function of the minimum velocity V/sub min/, the maximum velocity V/sub max/ and the pause time t/sub pause/ of random waypoint (RWP) mobility model, is defined. Simulation results show that the effect of RWP parameter on the critical transmitting range is determined by P/sub pause/ that is, if P/sub pause/ smaller than 0.5, the critical transmitting range of mobile network is about 10 percent larger than that of stationary one, else it equals that of stationary network approximately. If the values of t/sub pause/, V/sub min/ and V/sub max/ are given, their effect on the critical transmitting range is determined since P/sub pause/ is the function of them.
IDEL: In-Database Entity Linking with Neural Embeddings

We present a novel architecture, In-Database Entity Linking (IDEL), in which we integrate the analytics-optimized RDBMS MonetDB with neural text mining abilities. Our system design abstracts core tasks of most neural entity linking systems for MonetDB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first defacto implemented system integrating entity-linking in a database. We leverage the ability of MonetDB to support in-database-analytics with user defined functions (UDFs) implemented in Python. These functions call machine learning libraries for neural text mining, such as TensorFlow. The system achieves zero cost for data shipping and transformation by utilizing MonetDB's ability to embed Python processes in the database kernel and exchange data in NumPy arrays. IDEL represents text and relational data in a joint vector space with neural embeddings and can compensate errors with ambiguous entity representations. For detecting matching entities, we propose a novel similarity function based on joint neural embeddings which are learned via minimizing pairwise contrastive ranking loss. This function utilizes a high dimensional index structures for fast retrieval of matching entities. Our first implementation and experiments using the WebNLG corpus show the effectiveness and the potentials of IDEL.
Lightweight Mashup Middleware for Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Control Automation

Recently, the frequent coal mine safety accidents have caused serious casualties and huge economic losses. It is urgent for the global mining industry to increase operational efficiency and improve overall mining safety. This paper proposes a lightweight mashup middleware to achieve remote monitoring and control automation of underground physical sensor devices. First, the cluster tree based on ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is deployed in an underground coal mine, and propose an Open Service Gateway initiative (OSGi)-based uniform devices access framework. Then, propose a uniform message space and data distribution model, and also, a lightweight services mashup approach is implemented. With the help of visualization technology, the graphical user interface of different underground physical sensor devices could be created, which allows the sensors to combine with other resources easily. Besides, four types of coal mine safety monitoring and control automation scenarios are illustrated, and the performance has also been measured and analyzed. It has been proved that our lightweight mashup middleware can reduce the costs efficiently to create coal mine safety monitoring and control automation applications.
Effects of moderate temperatures: Artificial ageing of softwood and its effects on mechanical properties and chemistry

Abstract During thermal impact on wood the properties and chemistry of the biopolymer composite are changed. The effect of ageing processes at moderate temperatures on tensile strength perpendicular to grain of Norway spruce wood [Picea abies (L.) Karst. ] was studied, along with chemical changes. Test specimens were exposed to a three-step ageing cycle lasting for 7 days [50°C/95% relative humidity (RH), –20°C/65–70% RH and 75°C/15% RH], which was repeated 24 times. A significant decrease in tensile strength in the tangential direction was observed. Chemical changes in the wood matrix resulting from the artificial ageing cycle were assessed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state [13C]cross-polarized magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and detection of the volatile and semivolatile organic compounds by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The sugar composition of hemicelluloses was analysed by acid methanolysis. During artificial ageing chemical changes influencing the mechanical properties mainly occurred in the polysaccharide matrix, whereas the lignin remained unaltered.
Autogenous healing of cracks in cementitious materials with varying mix compositions

The phenomenon of autogenous healing of cracks in cementitious materials has already been known for many years. Cracks in old concrete structures, like Roman aqueducts or gothic churches are healed when moisture contacts with unhydrated cement clinker in the crack. Because of this, new CaCO3 crystals are formed which can be seen as white crystalline material at the crack surface. However concrete composition has changed over time and less unhydrated cement is present in current concrete structures. Nevertheless in their research, Aldea et al., also noted some self-healing behaviour while they studied the water flow through cracked concrete. A reduction in water flow was observed after some time, indicating self-healing of the cracks. However this healing effect was restricted to the healing of small cracks. Therefore, in this study, it is tried to stimulate the self healing potential of cementitious materials by varying the mix composition and cement type. Cement is a hydraulic binder that hardens in contact with water. The active component in cement is Portland clinker and for some cement types also blast furnace slag, fly ash or limistone. Clinker has strong hydraulic properties and is produced by sintering calcium carbonate and silicium-, aluminium- and iron oxide. Blast furnace slag is a residue from the steel industry and it has latent hydraulic properties. This means that the hydration reaction needs to be activated by substances such as calcium hydroxide, e.g. from clinker hydration. Fly ash is a waste product from coal combusted power stations. This is a component with pozzolanic properties which means that it binds with the lime that is formed during hydration of the clinker. Limestone however is an inert material, used to improve the concrete workability.
Potential Causes and Present Pharmacotherapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Overview

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is currently one of the most common disorders of the digestive system in the Western society. Almost 2 out of 10 people suffer from IBS with women being more affected than men. IBS is associated with abdominal pain, bloating and altered stool consistency and imposes a heavy burden for the affected patients. Summary: The pathophysiology of IBS remains elusive although potential causes have been suggested, such as a deranged brain-gut signaling, hypersensitivity of visceral sensory afferent fibers, bacterial gastroenteritis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), genetic alterations and food sensitivity. Targets for the pharmacotherapy of IBS include the serotonergic and opioidergic system, and the microbial population of the gut. Alternative therapies like traditional Chinese medicine have shown some success in the combat against IBS. Key Messages: Many therapeutics for the treatment of IBS have emerged in the past; however, only a few have met up with the expectations in larger clinical trials. Additionally, the multifactorial etiology of IBS and its variety of cardinal symptoms requires an individual set of therapeutics. This review provides a short overview of potential causes and current pharmacological therapeutics and of additional and alternative therapies for IBS.