Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Method for Designing Associative Memory with Contextual Small-World Architecture

The micro-structure of a neural network is known to have great influence on its macro-dynamic behaviors. For sake of imitating the inherent characteristics of small-world property discovered in biological neural system and human intelligence of associative memory via integrating geometrical structure information, an efficient method for designing associative memory neural network with contextual small-world architecture was proposed. Energy function stability demonstration and leaning rule was presented. Connectivity of the network was constructed to reflect contextual local spatial continuity of neuron connections. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this designing method in terms of memory and recall abilities enhancement.
A transgenic zebrafish model of targeted oocyte ablation and de novo oogenesis

We describe here a novel transgenic zebrafish, Tg(zpc:G4VP16/UAS:nfsB‐mCherry) that effectively demonstrates the targeted oocyte ablation in the adult zebrafish ovary. This transgenic line expresses bacterial nitroreductase enzyme (nfsB) under the control of the oocyte‐specific zona pellucida C (zpc) gene promoter. Adult transgenic females exposed to the prodrug metronidazole demonstrated near‐complete ablation of growing oocytes, resulting in ovarian degeneration and complete cessation of reproductive function. Within 4 weeks of prodrug removal, treated fish demonstrated complete anatomical regeneration of the ovary and, within 7 weeks, ovarian function (fertility) was fully restored. Together, these results demonstrate functional renewal of the oocyte pool in the adult zebrafish ovary. Accordingly, this transgenic zebrafish model system provides a novel means to investigate ovarian growth dynamics in a genetically tractable vertebrate, and may be useful for evaluating signaling interactions that regulate gonadal development processes such as de novo oogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 240:1929–1937, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What Is the Non-Academic Student Experience and Why Is It Important?.

The student experience is a widely used term; however, what makes up its critical components is not well understood. The focus on ‘students’ is a key feature of the government’s demand-driven system and its proposed myUniversity website. Understanding all aspects of the student experience will be critical to attracting and retaining students. This article conceptually divides the student experience into the academic and non-academic experience. The focus of this article is the latter. Based on a review of the literature a definition of the non-academic student experience is provided. Survey comments from University of South Australia students, including their study abroad experiences, are analysed as an example of how the nonacademic experience can influence students’ personal development and their ability to foster connections and relationships with others. It shows that developing and fostering the non-academic experience can be an integral and indeed a highlight of the overall student experience.
Effects Of Public Sector Corruption On The Private Sector : Investigating The Market Value Of Political Connections

This paper exploits public announcements of corruption allegations amongst Nigerian political figures to estimate the impact of political connections on firm value. Specifically, I draw results from market reactions to 27 events to determine whether politically connected firms suffer more from financial malpractice amongst government officials. This paper finds heterogeneous impacts of corruption announcements for firms’ returns. For some events involving larger sums of misallocated funds, politically connected firms suffer greater losses in their returns than unconnected firms. For other events involving smaller amounts of missing funds, I find that unconnected firms are actually punished more than connected firms. Still for other events, there appears to be no significantly differential impact of a government corruption scandal on connected and unconnected firms. Furthermore, surprisingly, some events actually show a positive return for all firms, and when this is the case, politically connected firms experience a larger increase in returns than their unconnected counterparts. To identify an overall impact, I run a pooled regression aggregating over all the events studied. I find that on average, there is a negative albeit insignificant impact on the returns of politically connected firms relative to unconnected firms in the aftermath of a corruption scandal.
Changes of Economic and Rural Industrial Structure Since the Implementation of Grain for Green in Ansai County

The primary industry has achieved growth after a short-term decline since the implementation of the Grain for Green project in Ansai County. Relatively rapid growth has been achieved in the secondary industry owning to fast development of the petroleum industry. The tertiary industry has developed fast and tends to continue developing. Both the gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita GDP have greatly increased, while there has been a more rapid increase in peasants' net income per capita. The implementation of the Grain for Green project has promoted the adjustment of rural industrial structures, facilitated the transfer of labor forces and impelled increasing transfer of other labor forces except for those in rural areas year by year.
EFFECT OF INTRA-CA1 INJECTION OF ESTROGEN ON SPATIAL MEMORY AND LEARNING IN RATS

Introduction: Sex hormones are one of the most important factors responsible for differences of learning and memory between males and females. High concentration of estrogen and androgen receptors and mechanism of testosterone and estrogen production in learning and memory center, especially in hippocampus show the role of these receptors, sex hormones and P450 enzymes in spatial memory. In this study we evaluated the effect of estradiol valerate (EV) and an aromatase inhibitor, anasterazole (An), on spatial learning and memory in Morris Water Maze. Methods: Adult male rats were bilaterally cannulated into the CA1 region. After the recovery period, control groups received either DMSO 0.5 6l or DMSO 0.5 6l + 0.5 6l. Different doses of EV (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 6g / 0.5 6l), An (0.25, 0.5 and 16g / 0.5 6l) and EV 15 6g / 0.5 6l + An 0.5 6g / 0.5 6l were microinjected everyday before training. EV and An were injected 30-35 min and 25-30 min before training, respectively. Results: Our results showed that escape latency and traveled distance were increased in EV 0.15 6l / 0.5 6l group. We also observed that An decreased escape latency and traveled distance in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: EV impaired acquisition of spatial learning and memory but An improved it. However, when An and EV were administered together, An could not prevent EV-induced impairments.
A Comparison of Petiole Hydraulics and Aquaporin Expression in an Anisohydric and Isohydric Cultivar of Grapevine in Response to Water-Stress Induced Cavitation

We report physiological, anatomical and molecular differences in two economically important grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars cv. Grenache (near-isohydric) and Chardonnay (anisohydric) in their response to water-stress induced cavitation. The aim of the study was to compare organ vulnerability (petiole and stem) to cavitation by measuring ultrasonic acoustic emissions (UAE) and percent loss of conductance of potted grapevines subject to the onset of water-stress. Leaf (ψL) and stem water potential (ψS), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), petiole hydraulics (KPet), and xylem diameter were also measured. Chardonnay displayed hydraulic segmentation based on UAE, with cavitation occurring at a less negative ψL in the petiole than in the stem. Vulnerability segmentation was not observed in Grenache, with both petioles and stems equally vulnerable to cavitation. Leaf water potential that induced 50% of maximum UAE was significantly different between petioles and stems in Chardonnay (ψ50Petiole = -1.14 and ψ50Stem = -2.24 MPa) but not in Grenache (ψ50Petiole = -0.73 and ψ50Stem = -0.78 MPa). Grenache stems appeared more susceptible to water-stress induced cavitation than Chardonnay stems. Grenache displayed (on average) a higher KPet likely due to the presence of larger xylem vessels. A close relationship between petiole hydraulic properties and vine water status was observed in Chardonnay but not in Grenache. Transcriptional analysis of aquaporins in the petioles and leaves (VvPIP1;1, VvPIP2;1, VvPIP2;2 VvPIP2;3, VvTIP1;1, and VvTIP2;1) showed differential regulation diurnally and in response to water-stress. VvPIP2;1 showed strong diurnal regulation in the petioles and leaves of both cultivars with expression highest predawn. Expression of VvPIP2;1 and VvPIP2;2 responded to ψL and ψS in both cultivars indicating the expression of these two genes are closely linked to vine water status. Expression of several aquaporin genes correlated with gas exchange measurements, however, these genes differed between cultivars. In summary, the data shows two contrasting responses in petiole hydraulics and aquaporin expression between the near-isohydric cultivar, Grenache and anisohydric cultivar, Chardonnay.
A hyper ellipsoidal incremental learning algorithm

A sample and class incremental learning algorithm based on hyper ellipsoidal is proposed. For every class, the smallest hyper ellipsoidal that surrounds most samples of the class is structured, which can divide the class samples from others. In the process of incremental learning, only the hyper ellipsoidal of every new class is trained and the history hyper ellipsoidals that increment new samples are retrained. For the sample to be classified, its class be confirmed by the hyper ellipsoidal that surrounds it. If the sample is not surrounded by all hyper ellipsoidals, the membership is used to confirmed its class. The experiments are done on Reuters 21578, and the experiment results show that the algorithm has a higher performance on classification speed and classification precision compare with hyper sphere algorithm.
Transfer of CD4+ T Cells Aggravates Atherosclerosis in Immunodeficient Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Background—Atherosclerosis is associated with immune responses to oxidized lipoproteins and certain microorganisms, but the role of specific immunity has remained unclear. Methods and Results—To study the role of immunity in atherosclerosis, we crossed atherosclerosis-prone apoE—/– mice with immunodeficient scid/scid mice. The offspring showed a 73% reduction in aortic fatty streak lesions when compared with immunocompetent apoE–/– mice. Transfer of CD4+ T cells from apoE–/– to immunodeficient apoE–/–/ scid/scid mice increased lesions by 164%. This was associated with the infiltration of transferred T cells into lesions, increased circulating interferon-&ggr; levels, and increased I-A expression in lesions. Conclusions—CD4+ T cells carry disease-promoting immunity in atherosclerosis.
Off-Hour Admission and In-Hospital Stroke Case Fatality in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Program

Background and Purpose— Previous reports have shown higher in-hospital mortality for patients with acute stroke who arrived on weekends compared with regular workdays. We analyzed the effect of presenting during off-hours, defined as weekends and weeknights (versus weekdays), on in-hospital mortality and on quality of care in the Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke program. Methods— We analyzed data from 187 669 acute ischemic stroke and 34 845 acute hemorrhagic stroke admissions who presented to the emergency departments of 857 hospitals that participated in the GWTG-Stroke program during the 4-year period 2003 to 2007. Off-hour presentation was defined as presentation anytime outside of 7:00 am to 6:00 pm on weekdays. Quality of care was measured using standard GWTG quality indicators covering acute, subacute, and discharge measures. The relationship between off-hour presentation and in-hospital case fatality was examined using generalized estimating equation logistic regression adjusting for demographics, risk factors, arrival mode, and hospital characteristics. Results— Half of ischemic stroke admissions and 57% of hemorrhagic stroke admissions presented during off-hours. Among ischemic stroke admissions, the in-hospital case fatality rate was 5.8% for off-hour presentation compared with 5.2% for on-hour presentation (P<0.001). For hemorrhagic stroke admissions, in-hospital case fatality was 27.2% for off-hour presentation compared with 24.1% for on-hour presentation (P<0.001). After adjusting for patient-level and hospital-level factors, presentation during off-hours was significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality for both ischemic stroke (adjusted OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.14) and hemorrhagic stroke admissions (adjusted OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.27). No differences were observed between off-hour presentation and any of the quality of care measures. Conclusions— Off-hour presentation was associated with an increased risk of dying in-hospital, although the absolute effect was small for ischemic stroke admissions (0.6% difference; number needed to harm=166) and moderate for hemorrhagic stroke (3.1% difference; number needed to harm=32). Reducing the disparity in hospital-based outcomes for admissions that present during off-hours represents a potential target for quality improvement efforts, although evidence of differences in the quality of care by time of presentation was lacking.
FOVEAL MICROSTRUCTURE IN MACULAR HOLES SURGICALLY CLOSED BY INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE

Purpose: To evaluate reconstructive foveal anatomical change in surgically closed macular hole (MH) by pars plana vitrectomy with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique. Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate foveal microstructures in 20 eyes of 19 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique to achieve MH closure. Eyes had idiopathic large MH with a diameter >500 &mgr;m (n = 7), MH in high myopia (axial length >26.5 mm) without retinal detachment (RD; n = 7), and with RD caused by the MH (n = 6). Results: The 6-month postoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography examination revealed restoration of the inner segment and outer segment junction in 3 of 7 idiopathic large MH eyes (43%), 2 of 7 highly myopic MH eyes without RD (29%), and 1 of 6 highly myopic MH eyes with RD (17%), and detected the external limiting membrane in 4 of 7 idiopathic large MH eyes (57%), 3 of 7 highly myopic MH eyes without RD (43%), 1 of 6 highly myopic MH eyes with RD (17%). Conclusion: Inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique results in more satisfactory anatomical improvements in patients with idiopathic large MH eyes and highly myopic MH eyes without RD than with highly myopic MH eyes with RD. This might suggest that the foveal photoreceptor layer in MH with RD is destroyed and not recoverable even after retinal reattachment with surgical closure of the MH.
Venus Orogenic Belt Environments: Archi7@bulletcture and Orig@bullet

Orogenic belt environments (Danu, Akna, Freyja, and Maxwell Montes) in Western Ishtar Terra, Venus, display a range of architectural elements, including (from the center of Western Ishtar outward) an inboard plateau (Lakshmi Planum), the linear orogenic belts themselves, outboard plateaus, steep scarps bounding Ishtar, adjacent linear foredeeps and outboard rises, and outboard low-lying volcanic plains. The main elements of the architecture are interpreted to be due to the convergence, underthrusting, and possible subduction of lowland plains at the margins of a preexisting tessera plateau of thicker crust.
The role of universities and other institutions in successful entrepreneurship: Some insights from a literature review

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of universities and other institutions in successful entrepreneurship. Insights are obtained following a literature review approach. Case studies from the United States (New York startup), Spain (Mondragon), and Germany provide strong evidence that universities are very instrumental in the creation, design and implementation of entrepreneurial initiatives by providing new and ongoing entrepreneurs with human capital training, fundamentals, and theoretical and empirical models to contribute to lasting businesses. Results from university research on gender and risk-issues lead to believe that women are more risk averse than men to work and invest in star-up businesses. Other institutions, such as governments, are critical to provide with the necessary incentives to launch start-up businesses, including tax cuts, seed capital funding, investment in human capital, etc. While the evidence supporting the links between education and entrepreneurial outcomes is promisi g it is not yet definitive. In addition to providing a review of existing research, this paper suggests an integrative framework for future research.
Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis

During the last decade great advances have been made of water retention and dilutional hyponatremia in human cirrhosis. Finally, the field of spontaneous infection of concerning the pathogenesis and treatment of ascites. A new hypothesis on the mechanism of renal dysfunction ascitic fluid (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) is also experiencing major changes. The demonstration of intestiand ascites formation in cirrhosis has been proposed and this has greatly stimulated research in this area. The nal bacterial translocation in experimental models of cirrhosis, the potential role of cytokines in some discovery of the important role played by the vascular endothelium in the homeostasis of systemic hemodynamcomplications associated with this infection, the identification of subgroups of cirrhotic patients predisposed to ics and renal function has also opened an important field of research into pathophysiology, and evidence has develop spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and the effectiveness of selective intestinal decontamination in the been presented implicating endothelial factors in the pathogenesis of systemic circulatory dysfunction in cirprimary and secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis are the most relevant developments. rhosis and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). The reintroduction of therapeutic paracentesis has greatly modified In clear contrast to these advances, little attention has been paid to the standardization of the nomenclathe treatment of cirrhotic patients with tense or refractory ascites. The transjugular intrahepatic portosysture and diagnostic criteria of different syndromes associated with ascites in cirrhosis. The existence of a temic shunt is another therapeutic tool of potential interest in the management of refractory ascites. The uniform language, however, is essential in modern medicine. It facilitates communication among clinisynthesis of orally-active specific antagonists of the tubular effect of antidiuretic hormone and inhibitors of antidicians and researchers and ensures unambiguous diagnoses and more confident prognoses. Moreover, it uretic hormone release will probably add new drugs to the pharmacological armamentarium for patients with improves pathophysiological and therapeutic investigations, simplifies the analysis of therapeutic trials, cirrhosis and ascites. These ‘‘aquaretic drugs,’’ which normalize renal water metabolism in experimental cirrhosis and stimulates multicenter studies. and ascites, are of potential interest for the treatment PREVIOUS CONSENSUS DEFINITIONS OF HEPATORENAL SYNDROME AND
Effects of Reaching the Drug Benefit Threshold on Medicare Members' Healthcare Utilization during the First Year of Medicare Part D

Background:Information on the effects of reaching the Medicare Part D standard drug benefit threshold is limited. Objectives:Describe and compare pre- and post-threshold healthcare and medication utilization of Medicare beneficiaries who reach threshold relative to those who do not reach threshold and those who do not have a threshold. Research Design:Retrospective study of 21,349 beneficiaries enrolled into a Medicare Direct Pay Plan with a standard threshold and 9088 Part D-eligible beneficiaries without a threshold. We used Poisson methods to compare utilization and conditional Poisson models to assess utilization changes. Medication adherence was determined. Results:The 1237 (6%) beneficiaries who reached threshold were older, had greater morbidity, received more medications, and had more medical office visits (all P < 0.001) than beneficiaries who did not reach threshold. After adjustment, those who reached threshold had greater incidences of inpatient [risk ratio (IRR) = 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64–2.09] and emergency department use (IRR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.40–1.83). After reaching threshold, primary care visits decreased compared with the same time frame in 2005 for those who reached threshold (IRR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79–0.93) and a matched group with no threshold (IRR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84–0.92). Adherence to chronic medications declined over time in both groups, but adherence decline was greater for beneficiaries who reached threshold. Conclusions:Beneficiaries who reach threshold are older, have more morbidity, and use more medications. Although medication adherence declines after reaching threshold, its association with changes in other healthcare utilization is not clear.
CCR6 Deficiency Impairs IgA Production and Dysregulates Antimicrobial Peptide Production, Altering the Intestinal Flora

Intestinal immunity exists as a complex relationship among immune cells, epithelial cells, and microbiota. CCR6 and its ligand–CCL20 are highly expressed in intestinal mucosal tissues, such as Peyer’s patches (PPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). In this study, we investigated the role of the CCR6–CCL20 axis in intestinal immunity under homeostatic conditions. CCR6 deficiency intrinsically affects germinal center reactions in PPs, leading to impairments in IgA class switching, IgA affinity, and IgA memory B cell production and positioning in PPs, suggesting an important role for CCR6 in T-cell-dependent IgA generation. CCR6 deficiency impairs the maturation of ILFs. In these follicles, group 3 innate lymphoid cells are important components and a major source of IL-22, which stimulates intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We found that CCR6 deficiency reduces IL-22 production, likely due to diminished numbers of group 3 innate lymphoid cells within small-sized ILFs. The reduced IL-22 levels subsequently decrease the production of AMPs, suggesting a critical role for CCR6 in innate intestinal immunity. Finally, we found that CCR6 deficiency impairs the production of IgA and AMPs, leading to increased levels of Alcaligenes in PPs, and segmented filamentous bacteria in IECs. Thus, the CCR6–CCL20 axis plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal symbiosis by limiting the overgrowth of mucosa-associated commensal bacteria.