Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ANALYSIS OF RECURRENT FAILURE TIMES: THE TIME-DEPENDENT YULE PROCESS APPROACH

ABSTRACT Analysis of recurrent events has been widely discussed in medical, health services, insurance, and engineering areas in recent years. This paper proposes to use a non-homogeneous Yule process with the proportional intensity assumption to model the hazard function on recurrent events data and the associated risk factors. The assumption is that repeated events occur (for each individual) as a non-homogeneous Yule process with intensity function is made. The baseline intensity function, λ0(t), is assumed to follow a Weibull distribution. The major advantage of using the Yule process is that the hazard function will be proportional to the number of events occurring up to time t. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to provide estimates of the parameters in the model, and a generalized scoring iterative procedure is applied in numerical computation. Model comparisons between the proposed method and other existing recurrent models are addressed using simulated data.
Impulse Noise Image Restoration Using Nonconvex Variational Model and Difference of Convex Functions Algorithm

In this article, the problem of impulse noise image restoration is investigated. A typical way to eliminate impulse noise is to use an $L_{1}$ norm data fitting term and a total variation (TV) regularization. However, a convex optimization method designed in this way always yields staircase artifacts. In addition, the $L_{1}$ norm fitting term tends to penalize corrupted and noise-free data equally, and is not robust to impulse noise. In order to seek a solution of high recovery quality, we propose a new variational model that integrates the nonconvex data fitting term and the nonconvex TV regularization. The usage of the nonconvex TV regularizer helps to eliminate the staircase artifacts. Moreover, the nonconvex fidelity term can detect impulse noise effectively in the way that it is enforced when the observed data is slightly corrupted, while is less enforced for the severely corrupted pixels. A novel difference of convex functions algorithm is also developed to solve the variational model. Using the variational method, we prove that the sequence generated by the proposed algorithm converges to a stationary point of the nonconvex objective function. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is efficient and compares favorably with state-of-the-art methods.
Exploring the process of evaluative judgement: the case of engineering students judging intercultural competence

Abstract For students to sustain their learning beyond higher education, it is important for them to develop their evaluative judgement. Although the importance of evaluative judgement is well-established, the process through which students make such judgements remains contested. This study explores students’ evaluative judgement process by asking 20 engineering students to evaluate their own intercultural competence and that of other engineers in task-based interviews. The findings reveal that in the process of judgement-making, students negotiate and navigate multiple dimensions, including their ‘knowledge of intercultural competence’, ‘awareness of bias’, ‘attitude towards development’, ‘capability to judge’, ‘action towards improvement’ and ‘identity as assessor’. Building on these findings, the study further reconceptualises evaluative judgement as a negotiated process rather than a capability.
Spatial Domain Modal Analysis of Lightly-Damped Structures Using Laser Velocimeters

A spatial modal parameter estimation technique, specially adapted for use with laser Doppler velocimeter measurements, is presented. It is based on a real-mode modal filtering concept and, therefore, is applicable to structures with low damping. From the estimated mode shape surfaces, curve-fitted with two dimensional Fourier series, angular displacements are calculated
Machine Translation and Gender biases in video game localisation: a corpus-based analysis

The video game industry has been a historically gender-biased terrain due to a higher number of male protagonists and hypersexualised representations [Dietz, 1998; Downs & Smith, 2010; Lynch et al., 2016]. Nowadays, echoing the debate on inclusive language, companies attempt to erase gender disparity by introducing main female characters as well as non-binary characters. From a technological point of view, even though recent studies show that Machine Translation remains largely unadopted by individual video game localisers [Rivas Ginel, 2021], multilanguage vendors are willing to invest in these tools to reduce costs [LIND, 2020]. However, the predominance of the masculine in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning has created allocation and representation biases in Neural Machine Translation [Crawford, 2017]. This paper aims to analyse the percentage of gender bias resulting from the use of Google Translate, DeepL, and SmartCat when translating in-game raw content from English into French. The games DeltaRune, The Devil's Womb and The Faces of the Forest were chosen due to the presence of non-binary characters, non-sexualized characters, and female protagonists. We compared the results in order to recount and analyse the differences between these tools' output when in terms of errors related to gender. To this end, we created a parallel corpus to compare source documents and all the translations to visualise the semantic and grammatical directions of the words embeddings [Zhou; Shi; Zhao and al, 2019] and extracted the collocations and concordance lines that represented gender identity by analysing the patterns in the source language.
Mathematical improvements to maximum likelihood parallel factor analysis: theory and simulations

A number of simplified algorithms for carrying out maximum likelihood parallel factor analysis (MLPARAFAC) for three‐way data affected by different error structures are described. The MLPARAFAC method was introduced to establish the theoretical basis to treat heteroscedastic and/or correlated noise affecting trilinear data. Unfortunately, the large size of the error covariance matrix employed in the general formulation of this algorithm prevents its application to solve standard three‐way problems. The algorithms developed here are based on the principle of alternating least squares, but differ from the generalized MLPARAFAC algorithm in that they do not use equivalent alternatives of the objective function to estimate the loadings for the different modes. Instead, these simplified algorithms tackle the loss of symmetry of the PARAFAC model by using only one representation of the objective function to estimate the loadings of all of the modes. In addition, a compression step is introduced to allow the use of the generalized algorithm. Simulation studies carried out under a variety of measurement error conditions were used for statistical validation of the maximum likelihood properties of the algorithms and to assess the quality of the results and computation time. The simplified MLPARAFAC methods are also shown to produce more accurate results than PARAFAC under a variety of conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical Doodles in Türkiye and the World

Google Doodles are special designs created by Google for special occasions and historical events. The math-themed doodles created and published by Google between 2000 and December 2022 were examined in this study, which was performed using the document analysis method. 39 math-themed doodles from Google's doodle database were examined. As a result of the content analysis, it was observed that 37 doodles were created to honour mathematicians, while two were created specifically for Pi Day. Two of the 16 Google Doodles in Türkiye that have a mathematical theme are tied to Pi Day, while 14 of them are about mathematicians. One of these mathematicians is from the Republican era, and the other is from the Turkish-Islamic era. The remaining 12 mathematicians come from various nations. However, while doodles honouring well-known Turkish-Islamic mathematicians such as Al-Biruni and Al-Rhazi were published in other countries, they were not published in Google Türkiye. Some suggestions have been developed in line with the results of the study.
Design of pattern drawing software for 3D food printing equipment

Traditional 3D printing usually uses professional software such as SolidWorks and Maya for modeling. However, applying the software mentioned above to customize 3D food printing patterns has the problems of a solid professional operation and high skill requirements. In response to this problem, a pattern drawing software applied to 3D food printing equipment was designed. The software uses image processing technology and C# programming language, based on Windows operating system and. NET Framework, combined with SQLite database technology to achieve product pattern drawing and model export functions. Among them, the automatic extraction of the enclosed area realized by the flood filling algorithm is the core function of product pattern drawing; the automatic acquisition of the contour of the connected graph recognized by the canny edge detection algorithm is the crucial step of the model derivation. The test results show that the software can quickly implement template import, pattern drawing, model export, and other operations, which improves the efficiency and ease of operation of pattern drawing in 3D food printing; The model file exported by the software can be directly used in the layered printing process of a 3D printer, which provides a direction for promoting the application of 3D printing technology in the food industry.
A segmentation algorithm for train wheel tread defect area based on attention mechanism

The defect of the train wheel tread is a threat to its safe driving, and the defect detection of the tread is an important work. The extraction of defect area is a crucial link. In this paper, we propose a segmentation algorithm of tread defect area based on attention mechanism, which realizes the more accurate segmentation of tread defect area.This algorithm uses U-net as the backbone network, firstly, introduces the Lovasz-Softmax loss, secondly, CBAM is introduced between the encoder and decoder. Get the attention feature map information in the channel and space dimensions, and then multiply the two feature map information with the original input feature map to make adaptive feature correction to obtain a more accurate feature map and improve the accuracy of the segmentation algorithm.Validated on the dataset of train wheel tread, and the experimental results show that the algorithm PA is 99.54% and mIoU is 98.27%, which improves by 0.83% and 0.73% compared with Unet algorithm, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Strategies to Educate Traditional Market Traders Based on Information Technology in Beringharjo Market, Yogyakarta City

The research strategy educates traditional market traders based on information technology using a qualitative approach to case studies. Data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation studies. The validity of the data is processed through tests of the degree of trust, transferability, dependence and certainty. Informance is determined by purposive sampling techniques, then the data is analyzed following qualitative rules. The research aims to explore how the Trade Office educates market traders in Pasar Beringharjo through a digitalization program. The results showed that the Department of Trade in educating market traders based on information technology uses strategies: a) external party cooperation, training, mentoring, developing insights and involving trader family members for traders who are constrained by brainware. The driving factors in educating information technology-based traders include: high participation of information technology companies, demands for government and merchant needs, government awareness of IT developments to preserve and develop the market, covid 19 outbreak, high merchant commitment supported by mobile phone communication tools. The inhibiting factors in educating information technology-based traders include the hardware and software owned by merchants, not all smartphones, as well as merchant culture that is still conventional. The results of the merchant market digitization program maintain commitment and are able to carry out online transaction systems with various application models such as Gopay or e-wallet, QRIS, E-Retribution, LinkAja, Grocery, InMobi, Titipku, and Semar by scanning barcodes and other eknik t.
On the matrix occurring in a linear search problem

In this paper we consider the Markov chain formed by the operation of the move-to-front scheme. We show that the eigenvalues of the transition probability matrix are of the form pi, pi + pj , ···, where pi is the probability of selecting the ith item and N is the number of items; further, that the multiplicity of the eigenvalues of the form Σpi where the summation is over m items is equal to the number of permutations of N – m objects, ordered in some way, such that no object is in its natural position. Finally, we show that the Markov chain is lumpable – many times over.
Optimization of Transducer Array for Cross-Sectional Velocity Field Reconstruction in Acoustic Tomography

As a part of industrial process tomography, acoustic tomography (AT) is a promising method for high-quality velocity field measurement, which is widely utilized in the monitoring of multiphase flow, atmospheric environment, and so on. However, subjected to the safety and reliability requirements of furnaces or industrial pipes, the number of installed transducers is restricted, which results in sparse valid data, and, thus, ill-posed and rank-deficient limited-data linear AT. Therefore, special attention should be given to the transducer arrangement in the framework construction module to maximize the reconstruction accuracy. Unlike methods that minimize relative reconstruction error including true value of interesting field, finding an alternative prior knowledge-based predictor that maps the reconstruction error is more practical and preferred. In this work, based on the prior information that the linear independence of vectors incorporates maximum measurement information, a linear independence degree (LID) metric is proposed to optimize the transducer array. It contains no prior information about flow velocity fields, which enables the procedure to be performed in an off-line mode. A covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) algorithm is employed to solve this minimization problem. Proof-of-concept demonstrations, including representative synthetic vortical flow fields with a biased single vortex or with double vortices and experimental data-based velocity field, are performed by comparison with existing representative optimization strategies. Qualitative and quantitative results show the feasibility and robustness of the LID metric in improving imaging accuracy of arbitrary practical velocity fields based on AT. This prior metric is expected to provide guidance for better diagnosis of multiphase flow and optimization of industrial flow process.
MAJOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT FACTORS AFFECTING THE DELIVERY OF GREEN BUILDING PROJECTS: THE CASE OF JORDAN

Construction projects have significant impacts on the environment. They adversely affect many areas, such as energy consumption, global warming and resource depletion. Green buildings have been found to be the most effective way to reduce these impacts. As a developing country with limited resources, Jordan is giving too much prominence to sustainability in construction projects. However, moving forward with Green Building Projects (GBPs) is a great challenge. Most managers do not have much experience in managing these projects yet. They are not fully aware of the importance of project management factors which can significantly affect the delivery process of GBPs. Research addressing these factors has become a crucial need in the construction industry. The main objective of this study is to identify the major project management factors required to deliver GBPs successfully in Jordan. The questionnaire was distributed to determine the significance of nineteen project management factors and SPSS software was utilized to perform the data analysis. The results show that for GBPs in Jordan to be successfully delivered, there must be clear lines of communication during the design and planning stages. The study concludes with recommendations for improving GBP distribution in Jordan. A further detailed study is needed to investigate and improve communication channels in GBPs. The practical implications of this study are to help the stakeholders in the construction industry understand management activities in the green building industry in a better and more realistic way. In addition, identifying these factors will help control future projects and ensure correct decisions are made from the beginning of the project to maximize the project's success.
Detection of Cloud-Top Height from Backscattered Radiances within the Oxygen A Band. Part 2: Measurements

Abstract Cloud-top heights were successfully derived from reflected solar radiation measurements within the oxygen A-band absorption. The accuracy of the estimated cloud-top heights was to within 40 meters over stratus clouds when compared with simultaneously taken lidar measurements. Estimations of the cloud optical thickness from reflected radiances at λ = 755 nm are reasonable. Between both cloud optical thickness and cloud-lop height a positive cross correlation was found to be significant at scales up to 5 km, which confirms a relationship between cloud-top height and cloud optical thickness. These experimental musts show the potential of multichannel radiance measurements for the detection of physical cloud properties.
Thermal emission spectrometer experiment: Mars Observer mission

Thermal infrared spectral measurements will be made of the surface and atmosphere of Mars by the thermal emission spectrometer (TES) on board Mars Observer. By using these observations the composition of the surface rocks, minerals, and condensates will be determined and mapped. In addition, the composition and distribution of atmospheric dust and condensate clouds, together with temperature profiles of the CO2 atmosphere, will be determined. Broadband solar reflectance and thermal emittance measurements will also be made to determine the energy balance in the polar regions and to map the thermophysical properties of the surface. The specific science objectives of this investigation are to determine (1) the composition and distribution of surface materials, (2) the composition, particle size, and spatial and temporal distribution of suspended dust, (3) the location, temperature, height, and water abundance of H2O clouds, (4) the composition, seasonal behavior, total energy balance, and physical properties of the polar caps, and (5) the particle size distribution of rocks and fines on the surface. The instrument consists of three subsections: a Michelson interferometer, a solar reflectance sensor, and a broadband radiance sensor. The spectrometer covers the wavelength range from 6 to 50 μm (∼1600–200 cm−1) with nominal 5 and 10 cm−1 spectral resolution. The solar reflectance band extends from 0.3 to 2.7 μm; the broadband radiance channel extends from 5.5 to 100 μm. There are six 8.3-mrad fields of view for each sensor arranged in a 3 × 2 array, each with 3-km resolution at the nadir. Uncooled deuterated triglycine sulphate (DTGS) pyroelectic detectors provide a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of over 500 at 10 μm for daytime spectral observations at a surface temperature of 270 K. The SNR of the albedo and thermal bolometers will be approximately 2000 at the peak signal levels expected. The instrument is 23.6 × 35.5 × 40.0 cm, with a mass of 14.4 kg and an average power consumption of 14.5 W. The approach will be to measure the spectral properties of thermal energy emitted from the surface and atmosphere. Emission phase angle studies and day-night observations will be used to separate the spectral character of the surface and atmosphere. The distinctive thermal infrared spectral features present in minerals, rocks, and condensates will be used to determine the mineralogic and petrologic character of the surface and to identify and study aerosols and volatiles in the atmosphere.
Differential and total cross sections for antiproton-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen and helium

We develop a method for extracting fully differential cross sections for ionization from an impact-parameter treatment of the collision. The approach uses pseudostates. The method is applied to antiproton-impact ionization of H and He. It is not restricted to antiprotons but can be used with other projectiles. The method automatically includes the interaction between the projectile and the target nucleus. This interaction is shown to be very important in low-energy antiproton ionization. Integrated cross sections for elastic scattering, discrete excitation, ionization, and total scattering are also calculated. For ionization, these are compared with experimental data on H and He. At impact energies greater than 30 keV there is agreement with these data. At lower energies the calculated cross sections for He are in disagreement with the trend of the older experimental data of Andersen et al. and Hvelplund et al. but are in qualitative accord with the recent measurement of Knudsen et al. However, there is no overall quantitative agreement with the new measurements. First-order Born calculations are also presented as a benchmark for checking the pseudostate approximation.
Three dimensional orthogonality of the Lamb modes in layered plates of elastic and viscoelastic materials and their implementation to the far field evaluation

The 3D guided waves in the linearly viscoelastic laminates are considered. On the plate surfaces any of the homogeneous boundary conditions are allowed, e.g., the Lamb waves, waves in clamped plates, etc. are taken into account. The fundamental property of these waves is their generalized orthogonality, which is deduced and discussed. The applications of the orthogonality relations for solving some particular boundary value problems are suggested. A method for the exact calculation of the far field caused by an acoustic source of a finite size is suggested. The only restriction is that the distance required must exceed the longitudinal radius of the source. The obtained results can be used for evaluating the fields radiated by ultrasonic transducers of arbitrary aperture and by other realistic sources.
The Remote School Attendance Strategy (RSAS): Why invest in a strategy that reduces attendance?

In late 2013, under the leadership of Prime Minister Abbott, the Australian Government announced a new policy designed to increase attendance rates in remote community schools—the Remote School Attendance Strategy (RSAS). The model assumed that employing local people in the program, which was designed to support parents get their children to school, would yield significant improvements and consequently improve educational outcomes. After a slight initial increase in school attendance rates, RSAS schools have seen average attendance rates decline since 2016, which now stand more than eight percentage points lower than at commencement. This article analyses My School data for Very Remote Aboriginal schools, showing how the RSAS school attendance results compare with similar non-RSAS schools. We question why the Australian Government continues to invest in a program that is not meeting its objectives, asking, what went wrong? We do this by critically analysing 36 policy-related documents, looking for ideological clues that show why the government continues to invest in the program and how it sees it as “successful”. We conclude by raising ethical and accountability concerns about the RSAS, which lacks evidence of attendance improvement, and which potentially causes harm to its objects: First Nations students.