Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scale-out processors

Scale-out datacenters mandate high per-server throughput to get the maximum benefit from the large TCO investment. Emerging applications (e.g., data serving and web search) that run in these datacenters operate on vast datasets that are not accommodated by on-die caches of existing server chips. Large caches reduce the die area available for cores and lower performance through long access latency when instructions are fetched. Performance on scale-out workloads is maximized through a modestly-sized last-level cache that captures the instruction footprint at the lowest possible access latency. In this work, we introduce a methodology for designing scalable and efficient scale-out server processors. Based on a metric of performance-density, we facilitate the design of optimal multi-core configurations, called pods. Each pod is a complete server that tightly couples a number of cores to a small last-level cache using a fast interconnect. Replicating the pod to fill the die area yields processors which have optimal performance density, leading to maximum per-chip throughput. Moreover, as each pod is a stand-alone server, scale-out processors avoid the expense of global (i.e., interpod) interconnect and coherence. These features synergistically maximize throughput, lower design complexity, and improve technology scalability. In 20nm technology, scaleout chips improve throughput by 5x-6.5x over conventional and by 1.6x-1.9x over emerging tiled organizations.
Analyzing the expert judge: A descriptive study of a stockbroker's decision process.

This study illustrates an analysis-of-variance technique for describ ing the use of information by persons making complex judgments. Ss were two stockbrokers who rated the growth potential of stocks on the basis of 11 factors taken from Standard S Poor reports. The technique proved capable of providing aprecise quantitative description of configural and nonconfigural information utilization. Each broker exhibited a substantial amount of configural processing. The technique appears to have promise for providing expercs with insight into their own processes and for teaching and evaluating "student" judges. ANALYZING THE EXPERT JUDGE: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF A STOCKBROKER'S DECISION PROCESSES1 Paul Slovic Oregon Research Institute, Eugene The task of the expert judge, be he military officer, detective, businessman, physician, clinical psychologist, financial analyst, etc., requires him to combine items of information from a number of different sources into a decision or judgment. The key to the expert's success resides in his ability to interpret and integrate information appro priately. This means he must weight items of information differentially, according to their relevance, and must be able to qualify his inter pretations of a given fact when other considerations make such qualification necessary. There is no need to dwell upon the tremendous importance of being able to understand and describe how the expert uses information. However, such understanding does not come easily. All too often expert judgment is regarded as a mysterious, intuitive phenomenon— incapable of being described precisely. For example, Lusted (1960) relates a story about a radiologist famed for his diagnostic ability. Once, when he was questioned as to why he thought a particular shadow on an X-ray was a metastatic lesion, the physician replied, "Because it looks like it! " At the other extreme, we're all familiar with the expert who instructs others in the art of emulating his judgments by
A meminductive circuit based on floating memristive emulator

The main purpose of this paper is to design a circuit possessing meminductive property by making use of a new floating memristive emulator. A concise analog circuit is proposed to simulate a flux controlled memristor and this analog memristive emulator is then used to design a meminductive circuit. To confirm the design effectiveness, PSpice is hence introduced and all the simulated waveforms provide conclusive evidences to validate the correctness of this new memristor emulator and meminductive circuit.
Towards Methods for Model-Based Software Development

Software engineering is a young discipline. Despite efforts in recent years, some elements still require further development, research, and systematization. One of these elements are methods. They consist of a set of well-defined activities used in a software development to guide how the work should be performed to achieve the expected results. However, there is a lack of systematic knowledge that effectively guide how work should be done in a variety of areas. Despite the knowledge available in Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK), only the classical methods are comprised there, while emerging topics such as Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE), Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), and Model-Based Software Development (MBSE) are only briefly mentioned. We claim that it is also necessary to investigate methods for those emerging software engineering subtracks. In this direction, this paper presents a a speculative and preliminary emerging results on the establishment of methods for MBSE. We report some insights on the conception of methods for MBSE.
The effect of depletion layer on the cut off frequency of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

An analytical model for I-V characteristics of AlGaN/GaN based HEMTs has been developed that is capable to predict accurately the effects of depletion layer thickness on the cut off frequency in drain currents, gate biases and gate length. Salient features of the model are incorporated of fully and partially occupied sub-bands in the interface quantum well, combined with a self-consistent solution of the Schrödinger and Poisson equations. The calculated model results are in very good agreement with existing experimental data for AlGaN/GaN based HEMTs device.
Most recent approaches for detecting inflated reputation fraud are based on Social Network

With a privacy-aware reputation system, an auction website allows the buyer in a transaction to hide his/her identity from the public for privacy protection. However, fraudsters can also take advantage of this buyer-anonymized function to hide the connections between themselves and their accomplices. Traditional fraudster detection methods become useless for detecting such fraudsters because these methods rely on accessing these connections to work effectively. To resolve this problem, we introduce two attributes to quantify the buyer-anonymized activities associated with each user and use them to reinforce the traditional methods. Experimental results on a dataset crawled from an auction website show that the proposed attributes effectively enhance the prediction accuracy for detecting fraudsters, particularly when the proportion of the buyer-anonymized activities in the dataset is large. Because many auction websites have adopted privacy-aware reputation systems, the two proposed attributes should be incorporated into their fraudster detection schemes to combat these fraudulent activities.
Stimulation of Adenosine A2B Receptor Inhibits Endothelin-1-Induced Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Synthesis Through the cAMP/Epac/PI3K/Akt-Signaling Pathway

Background and Purpose: Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by an increase in fibroblast proliferation, overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins, and the formation of myofibroblast that express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Overstimulation of endothelin receptors induced cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and α-SMA expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Although adenosine was shown to have cardioprotective effects, the molecular mechanisms by which adenosine A2 receptor inhibit ET-1-induced fibroblast proliferation and α-SMA expression in cardiac fibroblasts are not clearly identified. Experimental Approach: This study aimed at evaluating the mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of adenosine receptor agonist in rat cardiac fibroblast by measurement of cell proliferation, and mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA. Key results: Stimulation of adenosine subtype 2B (A2B) receptor resulted in the inhibition of ET-1-induced fibroblast proliferation, and a reduction of ET-1-induced α-SMA expression that is dependent on cAMP/Epac/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts. The data in this study confirm a critical role for Epac signaling on A2B receptor-mediated inhibition of ET-1-induced cardiac fibrosis via PI3K and Akt activation. Conclusion and Implications: This is the first work reporting a novel signaling pathway for the inhibition of ET-1-induced cardiac fibrosis mediated through the A2B receptor. Thus, A2B receptor agonists represent a promising perspective as therapeutic targets for the prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
Time-Optimal Online Trajectory Generator for Robotic Manipulators

This work presents a trajectory generator for time-optimal maneuvering of a robotic manipulator in jointspace. This generator allows to adapt these maneuvers depending on external events received by the robot (e.g. from sensors or human input). Closed-form equations for these trajectories are provided, resulting on a computationally light algorithm which can update the trajectory at any time taking into account the current state of the robot and the final desired state. The contribution of this paper is an implementation of the algorithm which is available under LGPL for the use of the community. This implementation has been designed to work with KUKA Fast Research Interface (FRI). As a test-bed, a KUKA Light Weight Robot with seven degrees-of-freedom was used, and the experimental results are summarized in this article. The source code of the trajectory generator is available at https: //github.com/IDSCETHZurich/trajectory-generator
Control of Soot Emission from Diesel Engines

Soot emission is a problem in major cities in the world. The number of diesel cars raised a lot in last years in Palestine, were 57,3% of the new cars in 2010 were equipped with diesel engines. This evolution was motivated by diesel engine excellent fuel economy and durability. This paper discusses soot combustion fundamental processes in term of the in-cylinder combustion and emission. The new research requested both simulation and experimental researches to study fundamental process involved in diesel engines in order to decrease the soot emissions of diesel engines and to contribute to the global emission reduction. This project of soot modeling is developed to integrate to the conception cycle the ability of predicting the soot particle concentration from combustion in diesel engines. The goal is to develop a model that can be applied during the concept phase of the engines; this model has for vocation to predict the soot concentration during the combustion cycle.
Windings of Planar Processes and Applications to the Pricing of Asian Options

Motivated by a common Mathematical Finance topic, this paper surveys several results concerning windings of 2-dimensional processes, including planar Brownian motion, complex-valued Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes and planar stable processes. In particular, we present Spitzer's asymptotic Theorem for each case. We also relate this study to the pricing of Asian options.
Work ethics from an Islamic Perspective

From the beginning of Islam, the question of one’s private or public behavior has been closely related to one’s faith or spiritual state. Based on certain Qur’anic references to human responsibility such as divine vicegerency on earth and the Prophetic noble example of human excellence Muslim scholars have developed a special domain of study devoted to what is known as mu’amalat or transactions. The notion of work ethics within this field of study occupies one of the major themes as it is well illustrated in the present article by (Prof.) Khalfaoui. The author has presented an Islamic perspective on business and its development within Islamic culture from the early period of Islam to later times. The first part of the article deals with the Qur’anic and Sunnatic conceptions of business and its institution within an Islamic context. The second part delves further into legal treatment of work developed by Muslim Jurists and other scholars. Finally in a brief conclusion of the study the author fairly related.
Separations in Query Complexity Based on Pointer Functions

In 1986, Saks and Wigderson conjectured that the largest separation between deterministic and zero-error randomized query complexity for a total Boolean function is given by the function f on n = 2k bits defined by a complete binary tree of NAND gates of depth k, which achieves R0(f) = O(D(f)0.7537…). We show that this is false by giving an example of a total Boolean function f on n bits whose deterministic query complexity is Ω(n) while its zero-error randomized query complexity is Õ(√ n). We further show that the quantum query complexity of the same function is Õ(n1/4), giving the first example of a total function with a super-quadratic gap between its quantum and deterministic query complexities. We also construct a total Boolean function g on n variables that has zero-error randomized query complexity Ω(n/ log (n)) and bounded-error randomized query complexity R(g) = Õ(√n). This is the first super-linear separation between these two complexity measures. The exact quantum query complexity of the same function is QE(g) = Õ(√n). These functions show that the relations D(f) = O(R1(f)2) and R0(f) = Õ(R(f)2) are optimal, up to polylogarithmic factors. Further variations of these functions give additional separations between other query complexity measures: a cubic separation between Q and R0, a 3/2-power separation between QE and R, and a 4th-power separation between approximate degree and bounded-error randomized query complexity. All of these examples are variants of a function recently introduced by Göös, Pitassi, and Watson, which they used to separate the unambiguous 1-certificate complexity from deterministic query complexity and to resolve the famous Clique versus Independent Set problem in communication complexity.
Parallel Linear Search with no Coordination for a Randomly Placed Treasure

In STOC'16, Fraigniaud et al. consider the problem of finding a treasure hidden in one of many boxes that are ordered by importance. That is, if a treasure is in a more important box, then one would like to find it faster. Assuming there are many searchers, the authors suggest that using an algorithm that requires no coordination between searchers can be highly beneficial. Indeed, besides saving the need for a communication and coordination mechanism, such algorithms enjoy inherent robustness. The authors proceed to solve this linear search problem in the case of countably many boxes and an adversary placed treasure, and prove that the best speed-up possible by $k$ non-coordinating searchers is precisely $\frac{k}{4}(1+1/k)^2$. In particular, this means that asymptotically, the speed-up is four times worse compared to the case of full coordination. We suggest an important variant of the problem, where the treasure is placed uniformly at random in one of a finite, large, number of boxes. We devise non-coordinating algorithms that achieve a speed-up of $6/5$ for two searchers, a speed-up of $3/2$ for three searchers, and in general, a speed-up of $k(k+1)/(3k-1)$ for any $k \geq 1$ searchers. Thus, as $k$ grows to infinity, the speed-up approaches three times worse compared to the case of full coordination. Moreover, these bounds are tight in a strong sense as no non-coordinating search algorithm for $k$ searchers can achieve better speed-ups. We also devise non-coordinating algorithms that use only logarithmic memory in the size of the search domain, and yet, asymptotically, achieve the optimal speed-up. Finally, we note that all our algorithms are extremely simple and hence applicable.
The present and future of accounting history

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to outline some personal reflections, based on recent published accounting history research and methodological contributions, on the state of the art and future directions in interdisciplinary research on accounting's past. Design/methodology/approach - – An essay focusing on recent developments in the accounting history specialisation and outlining some possible future research developments. Findings - – The paper points to the growing literature in the accounting history specialisation; the conduct of historical accounting research across an array of institutions, including business, social and religious institutions; the diversity of theoretical perspectives which have been applied during the past 15-20 years, essentially on the premise of accounting as social practice, and the prospects of theoretically-informed investigations continuing to offer the greatest potential insight into both accounting's present and future. Reflections rendered on possible future directions of historical accounting research may provide some motivation for future research or at least stimulate some discussion and debate on the subject. Research limitations/implications - – The analysis and critique represents the author's perspectives as a longstanding academic in the field. Originality/value - – The paper may assist in generating some new ideas, topics and approaches for future historical accounting research in any given country or region and may even stimulate “comparative international accounting history” (CIAH) studies in different locations around the globe.
Toward efficient modification of large gold nanoparticles with DNA

DNA-coated gold nanoparticles are one of the most researched nano-bio hybrid systems. Traditionally their synthesis has been a long and tedious process, involving slow salt addition and long incubation steps. This stems from the fact that both DNA and gold particles are negatively charged, therefore efficient interaction is possible only at high salt concentration. However, unmodified particles are susceptible to aggregation at high salt concentrations. Most of the recent modification methods involve the use of surfactants or other small molecules to stabilize the nanoparticles against aggregation, enabling faster modification. Here we present our result on an alternative route to reach fast modification in low salt conditions, namely, reduction of the charge of DNA. We will discuss both the use of natural DNA under acidic pH conditions, and the use of DNA with a cationic, spermine-based “tail” which is commercially available under the name ZNA. Additionally we introduce a characterization method based on ensemble localized surface plasmon resonance measurement (LSPR) which enabled us to extract the kinetics of DNA absorbance without the need for fluorescent tags. Lastly we show that the same ZNA-based modification protocol can be effectively used for silver nanoparticle modification.
Latent Structure Models for Relationally Defined Social Classes

Ronald L. Breiger raised an intriguing set of issues for mobility analysts by suggesting that attention must be paid not only to the pattern of mobility between social classes but also to the manner in which occupations are to be mapped into social classes. This article examines two related models-collapsibility and internal homogeneity-for analyzing occupational mobility tables according to this scheme, by reformulating them as restricted latent class models in which the unobserved class variables are made explicit. The parametric representation of both models provides additional insight into how they differ. In particular, it clarifies the different ways in which they operationalize the criterion of "common mobility chances" for aggregating occupations into classes. The latent class model also permits the formulation of a new model for relationally defined social classes, a model that recognizes that the correspondence between class boundaries and occupational boundaries may be imperfect and that "marginal" occupations may be mapped into two or more classes. A model of this sort provides a good fit to the classic 8 x 8 British mobility table; this model appears to the both conceptually and statistically simpler than the internal homogeneity model.
Interleukin‐15 stimulates macrophages to activate CD4+ T cells: a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis?

Interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is overexpressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease characterized by activation of monocytes/macrophages (MΦ), and by expansion of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. We hypothesized that IL‐15 plays a major role for this expansion of CD4+ T cells and modulates the phenotype of monocytes/MΦ and their interaction with CD4+ T cells. Here, we show that IL‐15 enhances the proliferation of CD4+ T cells from patients with RA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cocultures. To further dissect the underlying mechanisms, we employed MΦ from IL‐15−/− or IL‐15 transgenic mice. These were induced to differentiate or were stimulated with IL‐15. Here we show that addition of IL‐15 during differentiation of MΦ (into ‘IL‐15MΦ’) and overexpression of IL‐15 by MΦ from IL‐15tg mice leads to increased levels of major histocompatibility complex class II expression. This resulted in enhanced stimulation of antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells in vitro and was accompanied by reduced messenger RNA expression in MΦ for immunosuppressive SOCS3. The proliferation rates of IL‐15MΦ and IL‐15tgMΦ were high, which was reflected by increased p27Kip1 and reduced p21Waf1 levels. In view of high serum and synovial levels of IL‐15 in patients with RA, our data suggest the possibility that this excess IL‐15 in RA may stimulate monocytes/MΦ to activate the characteristic autoreactive CD4+ T cells in RA.
Are Chinese and German Children Taxonomic, Thematic, or Shape Biased? Influence of Classifiers and Cultural Contexts

This paper explores the effect of classifiers on young children's conceptual structures. For this purpose we studied Mandarin Chinese- and German-speaking 3- and 5-year-olds on non-lexical classification, novel-noun label extension, and inductive inference of novel properties. Some effect of the classifier system was found in Chinese children, but this effect was observed only in a non-lexical categorization task. In the label extension and property generalization tasks, children of the two language groups show strikingly similar behavior. The implications of the results for theories of the relation between language and thought as well as cultural influence on thought are discussed.
The Institutional Review Board Problem: Where It Came From and What to Do About It

Abstract In response to abuse in government medical experiments, the Belmont Report (1974) was issued to protect human subjects and facilitate government sponsored research. Over the last 30 years, the federal government has codified this report into a program to overprotect subjects and impede all research. At Hofstra University, the AAUP recognized this threat to academic freedom. Based on the Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA), a grievance was filed to forestall administrative prior review of all research. The result was an addition to the CBA that limited the application of the restrictive federal regulations to funded research and protected freedom of inquiry in non funded research. The decisions of the Institutional Review Board thus became subject to appeal under the CBA. Faculty responsibility to protect academic freedom and suggestions to resist government control of research are presented.