Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KRONBERGER 49: A NEW LOW-MASS GLOBULAR CLUSTER OR AN UNPRECEDENTED BULGE WINDOW?

We employ optical and near-infrared photometry to study the stars in the direction of the star cluster candidate Kronberger 49. The optical color–magnitude diagrams (V, I, and Gunn z photometry obtained with the Galileo Telescope) are tight and present evidence of a main-sequence turnoff. We may be dealing with a low-mass, metal-rich globular cluster located in the bulge at a distance from the Sun of d☉ = 8 ± 1 kpc. Alternatively, it may be a dust hole through which we are sampling the bulge stellar population affected by a very low amount of differential reddening.
Numerical simulation of the motion of a two‐dimensional glacier

The motion of a two‐dimensional glacier is considered. At each time step, given the shape of the glacier, ice is modelled as an incompressible non‐Newtonian fluid and a non‐linear elliptic problem has to be solved to obtain the horizontal velocity field. Then, the upper surface of the glacier is updated by solving a transport equation. Finite element techniques are used to compute the velocity field whereas the transport equation is solved using a Lax–Wendroff scheme. Numerical results are compared to experiments on Gries glacier (Wallis, Switzerland) between 1961 and 1991. Then, a predition for 2021 is proposed. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy studies of resistive switching in Nb-doped SrTiO3

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) was utilized to study the resistive switching (RS) effect in Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STON). It was found that the RS effect could be realized on the STON surface by applying an appropriate bias on the STM tip, and the RS block could be controlled at nanometer scale. The electrode contact effect on the RS process could be excluded according to the STM method. More importantly, the investigation of scanning tunneling spectroscopy combined with the measurement of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the oxygen migration should be the dominant mechanism for the variation of electronic structure during the RS process, which can explain the origin of RS in this oxide. These results can be helpful for both the understanding of RS and its applications.
An observational and theoretical study of the radiative properties of cirrus: Some results from ICE'89

SLJMUARY Observations of the microphysical and radiative properties of two cirrus clouds are reported. The measurements were taken from the (2-130 aircraft of the UK Meteorological Research Flight as part of the field campaign of the International Cirrus Experiment, ICE’89. Cirrus microphysical properties are analysed in terms of ice water content and a suitably defined ice crystal ‘effective radius’. Estimates of the ice water content are derived from both a standard Particle Measuring Systems 2D-C cloud probe and a Lyman-& total water content (TWC) hygrometer. With both flights large discrepancies are seen to occur between the two instruments near the cloud base and top, with the ice water contents derived from the TWC probe being consistently greater than those from the 2D-C probe. Evidence is presented which suggests that the differences near the cloud base are due to a significant number of large (>SO0 pi) crystals, which the 2D-C probe is unable to sample. Near the cloud top the differences are assumed to be due to small (<lOO,um) crystals, which the 2D-C probe is again unable to sample correctly. Thus more weight has been given to the TWC probe measurements of ice water content, with the measurements of ice crystal effective radius being adjusted accordingly. Model clouds, constructed from the microphysical measurements, are used as input to a number of radiation parametrizations, both in the long-wave and short-wave regions of the spectrum. In the long wave, model agreement with both narrow-band and broad-band measurements is reasonably good, although discrepancies exist near the cloud tops. Some evidence is presented which suggests that the measured effective radii from one of the flights are too large to explain the radiative characteristics of the cloud. The effect of long-wave scattering is shown to be small. The inferred long-wave broad-band mass-absorption coefficient varies between 0.002 m’g-’ and 0.087 m’g-’, and it shows a marked inverse dependence on the ice crystal effective radius, as anticipated by simple theoretical calculations. In the short wave, agreement between the measured irradiances and those computed using several parametrizations is again reasonably good, although limited by the natural variability of the clouds. The net radiation budgets of both cloud layers are analysed, and the possibility of the existence of a relationship between ice water content and effective radius is considered.
Classification of FTIR cancer data using wavelets and fuzzy C-means clustering

A feature extracting method based on wavelets for Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) cancer data analysis is presented in this paper. A set of low frequency wavelet basis is used to represent FTIR data to reduce data dimension and remove noise. The fuzzy C-means algorithm is used to classify the data. Experiments are conducted to compare classification performance using wavelet features and the original FTIR data provided by the Derby City General Hospital in the UK. Experiments show that only 30 wavelet features are needed to represent 901 wave numbers of the FTIR data to produce good clustering results.
Schur Orthogonality Relations for the Finitary Infinite Symmetric Group

Let S f be the finitary infinite symmetric group. For a certain class of irreducible unitary representations of S f , a version of Schur orthogonality relations is proved. That is, we construct an invariant inner product on the matrix coefficient space of each representation and show that matrix coefficients for distinct representations are orthogonal with respect to these norms.
Draft Genome Sequence of Paraburkholderia sp. UYCP14C, a Rhizobium Strain Isolated from Root Nodules of Calliandra parvifolia

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of strain UYCP14C, a rhizobium isolated from Calliandra parvifolia nodules. The assembled genome size was around 9.8 million bp, containing 9,031 predicted protein-coding sequences, including several symbiotic and nitrogen fixation genes. ABSTRACT Here, we present the draft genome sequence of strain UYCP14C, a rhizobium isolated from Calliandra parvifolia nodules. The assembled genome size was around 9.8 million bp, containing 9,031 predicted protein-coding sequences, including several symbiotic and nitrogen fixation genes. UYCP14C appears to be a novel species of the plant growth-promoting Paraburkholderia genus.
Multicyclic modelling of softening in biological tissue

In this paper, we derive a model to describe the important inelastic features associated with the cyclic softening, often referred to as stress softening, of soft biological tissue. The model developed here includes the notion of multiple stress–strain cycles with increasing values of the maximum strain. The model draws upon the similarities between the cyclic softening associated with carbon-filled rubber vulcanizates and soft biological tissue. We give non-linear transversely isotropic models for the elastic response, stress relaxation, residual strain and creep of residual strain. These ideas are then combined with a transversely isotropic version of the Arruda–Boyce eight-chain model to develop a constitutive relation that is capable of accurately representing the multicyclic softening of soft biological tissue. To establish the validity of the model, we have compared it with experimental data from three cyclic uniaxial test samples, one taken from the Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) caterpillar and the other two samples taken from the human aorta, one in the longitudinal and the other in the circumferential direction. The model was found to fit these experimental data extremely well.
A non-symmetric second-degree semi-classical form of class one

An orthogonal polynomial sequence with respect to a regular form (linear functional) u is said to be semi-classical if there exist a monic polynomial Φ and a polynomial Ψ, with deg Ψ≥1, such that (Φ u)′+Ψ u=0. Recently, all semi-classical monic orthogonal polynomial sequences of class one satisfying a three-term recurrence relation with β n =(−1) n β0, n≥0, β0∈ℂ∖{0} have been determined (see [B. Bouras and A. Alaya, A large family of semi-classical polynomials of class one, Integral Transforms Spec. Funct. 18 (2007), pp. 913–931]). In this paper, the sequences of the above family such that their corresponding Stieltjes function S(u)(z)=−∑ n≥0⟨ u, x n ⟩/z n+1 satisfies a quadratic relation of the form BS 2(u)+CS(u)+D=0, where B, C, D are polynomials, are described.
Asymptotics for the length of a minimal triangulation on a random sample

where X1,. , Xn are i.i. d. random variables with values in [0, 1]2, /3 is a positive constant, f is the density of the absolutely continuous part of the law of X1, and c.c. denotes complete convergence. This extends the work of Steele. The result extends naturally to dimension three and describes the asymptotics for the probabilistic Plateau functional, thus making progress on a question of Beardwood, Halton and Hammersley. Rates of convergence are also found.
Three-dimensional light positioning algorithm with filtering techniques for indoor environments

This paper introduces an indoor positioning system based on visible light communication technology with three-dimensional positioning capability. Light-emitting diodes are employed as transmitters, with photo- diodes as receivers to obtain the received signal strength (RSS) information. Based on the trilateration technique, the proposed algorithm is able to calculate horizontal coordinates of the receiver with RSS informa- tion, after which the height of the receiver is estimated. The system does not require other measurements such as time-of-arrival or angle-of-arrival, thus system design and costs are simplified and minimized. Basic framed slotted ALOHA is applied as the channel access method to enable asynchronous transmissions. In addition, Kalman and particle filters are used in order to realize target tracking. Results show that both filters help to increase the positioning accuracy and the particle filter exhibits a better performance than the Kalman filter, with a higher computational complexity. © 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) (DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.53 .10.107107)
Pressure Stability in Fractional Step Finite Element Methods for Incompressible Flows

Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyze the pressure stability of fractional step finite element methods for incompressible flows that use a pressure Poisson equation. For the classical first-order projection method, it is shown that there is a pressure control which depends on the time step size, and therefore there is a lower bound for this time step for stability reasons. The situation is much worse for a second-order scheme in which part of the pressure gradient is kept in the momentum equation. The pressure stability in this case is extremely weak. To overcome these shortcomings, a stabilized fractional step finite element method is also considered, and its stability is analyzed. Some simple numerical examples are presented to support the theoretical results.
Lessons learned from the development of the XMM optics

The high throughput x-ray spectroscopy mission XMM is the second cornerstone project in the European Space Agency (ESA) long-term program for space science. This observatory has at its heart three large x-ray telescopes, which will provide a large collecting area with a spatial resolution better than 15 arcsec. In 1998, the three Flight Models and the two spare models of the x-ray telescope have been delivered to ESA, after verification and calibration at the Centre Spatial de Liege and at the Max Planck Institute near Munich. They show mechanical and optical performances much better than the specification. Their performance will undoubtedly bring an important benefit for the astronomers. The most challenging part of the development of these telescopes was the design, the manufacturing and the testing of the x-ray mirrors, during four intensive years. In this paper, we will first summarize the development and the excellent results of the mirrors. Then, we will discuss the lessons learned during this development, mainly in terms of management and technical aspects, including design, manufacturing and testing. These lessons will be drawn in perspective of the future x-ray missions such as Constellation X, Xeus and ASTRO-F.
Single-wall carbon nanotubes phonon spectra: Symmetry-based calculations

The phonon dispersions and atomic displacements for single-wall carbon nanotubes of arbitrary chirality are calculated. The full symmetry is implemented. The approach is based on the force constants of graphene, with the symmetry imposed modifications providing the twisting acoustic mode exactly. The functional dependence of frequencies of the Raman and infrared active modes on the wrapping angle and on the diameter are presented. The armchair tubes are found to be infrared inactive under the light linearly polarized along the tube axis. Also the overbending absolute value and the wave vector dependence on the tube geometry are found and the chirality selective method for the sample characterization is proposed. Finally, the specific heat calculations are carried out.
Modeling of a Water Power Plant

This paper deals with the mathematical modeling of a water power plant. For the modeling procedure the plant was divided into logical parts and for each of these parts an appropriate mathematical model was developed. The interconnection of the different models is done by their common boundary conditions. The model also has to deal with a special type of an intersection between an open channel and a pipe flow. With suitable assumptions it is possible to simplify the model for this special kind of flow significantly. Finally, measurement results show the feasibility of the proposed assumptions for this plant.
Improving the numerical efficiency of the method of moments for printed geometries

The rigorous and numerically efficient analysis of printed geometries in a multilayer medium has been a major research topic in computational electromagnetics because of the common use of these structures in monolithic microwave integrated circuits and in the design of printed antennas. It has been demonstrated that the use of the spatial domain method in conjunction with the closed-form Green's functions for the solution of the mixed-potential integral equation significantly improves the computational efficiency. This improvement is due to the elimination of the numerical evaluation of the slow-convergent and highly oscillatory Sommerfeld integral by approximating it with a finite series of complex functions. This approach results in two-dimensional integrals over finite domains with the smooth integrands as the method of moments (MoM) matrix elements. A technique of reducing the remaining double integrals to single integrals is presented and the improvement in the computational efficiency is demonstrated for a microstrip line.
Generalizing and extending the eigenshape method of shape space visualization and analysis

Abstract Outline-based morphometric methods have been more or less restricted to the consideration of closed curves and plagued by problems related to the maintenance of close biological correspondence across all forms within a sample. Methods developed herein generalize and extend the eigenshape method of outline analysis along the following lines: (1) consideration of open curves, (2) improvement of interobject correspondence via incorporation of information provided by landmarks, and (3) extension to the analysis of three-dimensional (open and closed) curves. In addition, techniques for using eigenshape results to create models of shape variation and for more consistently assessing the digital resolution necessary to represent an object are discussed and illustrated. These improvements are then placed in context via discussions of previous attempts to extend morphometric outline analysis methods, the relation between landmark and outline-based morphometric methods, the use of morphometric analyses to test biological hypotheses, and the nature of morphometric shape spaces (with special reference to studies of morphological disparity).
Radiation Doses for Human Exposed to Galactic Cosmic Rays and Their Secondary Products on the Lunar Surface

On the lunar surface, every human being would be exposed to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and their secondary products such as gamma rays and neutrons. For the human activity on the lunar surface in the future, it is important to estimate the effect of these particles on radiation doses. The annual ambient dose equivalent on the lunar surface was estimated on the basis of the latest observational data of GCRs. It is found that the annual ambient dose equivalent amount to about 570 mSv/yr during the intermediate period between the maximum and the minimum phases of the solar activity. This amount of dose is mainly produced from primary components of GCRs heavier than proton and helium nuclei. The annual ambient dose equivalent due to iron nuclei during this period is about 130 mSv/yr, more than 20% of the total dose on the lunar surface. Moreover, the dose due to these neutrons among the secondary particles reaches 50 mSv/yr, suggesting that the dose due to neutrons must be considered from the viewpoint of the human activity on the lunar surface.
Wavelet Shrinkage Denoising Using the Non-Negative Garrote

Abstract In this article, we combine Donoho and Johnstone's wavelet shrinkage denoising technique (known as WaveShrink) with Breiman's non-negative garrote. We show that the non-negative garrote shrinkage estimate enjoys the same asymptotic convergence rate as the hard and the soft shrinkage estimates. Simulations are used to demonstrate that garrote shrinkage offers advantages over both hard shrinkage (generally smaller mean-square-error and less sensitivity to small perturbations in the data) and soft shrinkage (generally smaller bias and overall mean-square-error). The minimax thresholds for the non-negative garrote are derived and the threshold selection procedure based on Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) is studied. We also propose a threshold selection procedure based on combining Coifman and Donoho's cycle-spinning and SURE. The procedure is called SPINSURE. We use examples to show that SPINSURE is more stable than SURE: smaller standard deviation and smaller range.
Identifying Statistical Concepts Associated with High and Low Levels of Self-Efficacy to Teach Statistics in Middle Grades

Previous mathematics and science education research indicates that knowledge and beliefs, including teaching efficacy, affect teachers' actions and effectiveness in a classroom. Our middle grades and high school Self-Efficacy to Teach Statistics (SETS) instruments, aligned with the statistical concepts in national and state guidelines such as the GAISE Pre-K-12 Report and the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM), were developed for use in teacher education research. This study focuses on the middle grades SETS instrument, which measures pre-service teachers' self-efficacy to teach topics at GAISE levels A and B as well as K–8 CCSSM statistics topics. The items ask teachers to rate their self-efficacy to teach a particular concept on a Likert scale from 1 (“not confident at all”) to 6 (“completely confident”). Data were collected at four public institutions of higher education in the United States. Rasch modeling was used to order the items by difficulty of endorsement to gain knowledge regarding pre-service teacher perceptions of difficulty, with the goal of identifying priorities for increasing pre-service teachers' self-efficacy with statistical topics.
High-contrast electro-optic modulation of spatial light induced by graphene-integrated Fabry-Pérot microcavity

We have proposed a graphene-integrated Fabry-Perot microcavity for efficient modulation of spatial light. A simplified theoretical model is established to analyze the performance of our system, and the calculated results agree well with the simulation results. It is shown that the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect is achieved in the proposed microcavity and the central frequency of PIT window can be dynamically tuned by gate voltages. In particular, the PIT spectra exhibit extremely large modulation depths (∼90%) across a broad range of frequencies. The proposed ultracompact configuration demonstrates a type of cavity-induced high-contrast and frequency-selective electro-optic modulators, offering opportunities in exploiting active chip-integrated high-performance devices operating at frequencies from terahertz to mid-infrared.
A latent Markov model for detecting patterns of criminal activity

Summary. The paper investigates the problem of determining patterns of criminal behaviour from official criminal histories, concentrating on the variety and type of offending convictions. The analysis is carried out on the basis of a multivariate latent Markov model which allows for discrete covariates affecting the initial and the transition probabilities of the latent process. We also show some simplifications which reduce the number of parameters substantially; we include a Rasch‐like parameterization of the conditional distribution of the response variables given the latent process and a constraint of partial homogeneity of the latent Markov chain. For the maximum likelihood estimation of the model we outline an EM algorithm based on recursions known in the hidden Markov literature, which make the estimation feasible also when the number of time occasions is large. Through this model, we analyse the conviction histories of a cohort of offenders who were born in England and Wales in 1953. The final model identifies five latent classes and specifies common transition probabilities for males and females between 5‐year age periods, but with different initial probabilities.
A mass constraint formulation for structural topology optimization with multiphase materials

This work is focused on the topology optimization of lightweight structures consisting of multiphase materials. Instead of adopting the common idea of using volume constraint, a new problem formulation with mass constraint is proposed. Meanwhile, recursive multiphase materials interpolation (RMMI) and uniform multiphase materials interpolation (UMMI) schemes are discussed and compared based on numerical tests and theoretical analysis. It is indicated that the nonlinearity of the mass constraint introduced by RMMI brings numerical difficulties to attain the global optimum of the optimization problem. On the contrary, the UMMI‐2 scheme makes it possible to formulate the mass constraint in a linear form with separable design variables. One such formulation favors very much the problem resolution by means of mathematical programming approaches, especially the convex programming methods. Moreover, numerical analysis indicates that fully uniform initial weighting is beneficial to seek the global optimum when UMMI‐2 scheme is used. Besides, the relationship between the volume constraint and mass constraint is theoretically revealed. The filtering technique is adapted to avoid the checkerboard pattern related to the problem with multiphase materials. Numerical examples show that the UMMI‐2 scheme with fully uniform initial weighting is reliable and efficient to deal with the structural topology optimization with multiphase materials and mass constraint. Meanwhile, the mass constraint formulation is evidently more significant than the volume constraint formulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.