Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seismic signatures of the Pan-African orogeny: implications for southern Indian high-grade terranes

We present the results of a study designed to investigate and compare the seismic characteristics of the once contiguous terranes of eastern Gondwanaland, now incorporated in five separated continental masses, which, during the Neoproterozoic (223C600�Ma) Pan-African orogeny, suffered a high degree of thermal stress and deformation. Receiver functions and surface wave data from stations located in East Antarctica, Sri Lanka, the southern-Indian high-grade terranes, Madagascar and the Tanzania2013Mozambique belt, were used to determine the shear-wave velocity structure, Moho depth and VP/VS values of the respective crustal segments. This study provides an additional dimension to the otherwise well-documented characteristic petrology of their surface exposures and other geological signatures such as their extensive granulitization and gem formation during the Pan-African event. Analysis of the receiver functions and surface wave data for these seismic stations located on their present day widely distributed continental fragments have been made. It is observed that with the exception of KOD (at Kodaikanal hill), situated on the southern Indian granulites having the thickest crust (223C43.5 km), most of the Pan-African granulitic terranes have a crustal thicknesses of 223C37 � 0.8�km, with a transition to higher velocity at mid-crustal depths, and that their bulk composition is felsic. Average crustal VP/VS values (1.704 � 0.03) and thicknesses (37.8 � 0.8�km), for four stations (SYO, PALK, TRV and ABPO), now located in East Antarctica, Sri Lanka, India and Madagascar, respectively, show remarkable similarity, indicating that the Pan-African orogeny was extensive enough to reorder the crustal structure of a wide region with a broadly similar stamp.
FGFR1-activated Translation of WNT Pathway Components with Structured 5' UTRs is Vulnerable to Inhibition of EIF4A-dependent Translation Initiation

FGFR1-activated Translation of WNT Pathway Components with Structured 1 5' UTRs is Vulnerable to Inhibition of EIF4A-dependent Translation 2 Initiation 3 4 Tuan M. Nguyen, Elena B. Kabotyanski, Yongchao Dou, Lucas C. Reineke, Peng Zhang, 5 Xiang H. -F. Zhang, Anna Malovannaya, Sung Yun Jung, Qianxing Mo, Kevin P. Roarty, 6 Yiwen Chen, Bing Zhang, Joel R. Neilson, Richard E. Lloyd, Charles M. Perou, Matthew 7 J. Ellis, and Jeffrey M. Rosen 8 9 Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of 10 Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of 11 Medicine, Houston, Texas. Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 12 Houston, Texas. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of 13 Medicine, Houston, Texas. Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in 14 Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Verna & Marrs 15 McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 16 Houston, Texas. Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 17 Texas. Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of 18 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer 19 Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of 20 Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor 21 College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of 22 North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 23 24 Running Title: Translation vulnerability of WNT-FGF tumorigenesis 25 26 Corresponding Author: Jeffrey M. Rosen; One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3498; 27 Phone: 713-798-6210; Fax: 713-798-8012; E-mail: jrosen@bcm.edu 28 29 Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
The capacity to form H-DNA cannot substitute for GAGA factor binding to a (CT)n·(GA)n regulatory site

Previous studies of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp26 gene promoter have demonstrated the importance of a homopurine·homopyrimidine segment [primarily (CT)n·(GA)n] for chromatin structure formation and gene activation. (CT)n regions are known to bind GAGA factor, a dominant enhancer of PEV thought to play a role in generating an accessible chromatin structure. The (CT)n region can also form an H-DNA structure in vitro under acidic pH and negative supercoiling; a detailed map of that structure is reported here. To test whether the (CT)n sequence can function through H-DNA in vivo, we have analyzed a series of hsp26-lacZ transgenes with altered sequences in this region. The results indicate that a 25 bp mirror repeat within the homopurine·homopyrimidine region, while adequate for H-DNA formation, is neither necessary nor sufficient for positive regulation of hsp26 when GAGA factor-binding sites have been eliminated. The ability to form H-DNA cannot substitute for GAGA factor binding to the (CT)n sequence.
Detection and characterization of very small cerebral aneurysms by using 2D and 3D helical CT angiography.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage are due to rupture of small cerebral aneurysms. Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of helical CT angiography (CTA) in the detection and characterization of very small (<5 mm) intracranial aneurysms. METHODS One hundred eighty consecutive patients underwent CTA for suspected intracranial aneurysms. All aneurysms prospectively detected by CTA were confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or at surgery. CT angiograms and digital subtraction angiograms were reviewed by two independent blinded radiologists who performed aneurysm detection, quantitation, and characterization using 2D multiplanar reformatted and 3D volume-rendering techniques. RESULTS Fifty-one patients harboring 41 very small intracranial aneurysms were included in this series. Eighty-one percent (33 of 41 aneurysms) were </=4 mm in maximal diameter, and 37% (15 of 41 aneurysms) were </=3 mm in maximal diameter. Sensitivity of CTA for very small intracranial aneurysm detection ranged from 98% to 100% (95% confidence intervals, 0.871, 0.999, 0.914, and 1.0), compared with 95% for DSA. The specificity of CTA and DSA for very small intracranial aneurysms was 100% (26 of 26 aneurysms). Positive predictive value ranged from 98% to 100%. Negative predictive value ranged from 96% to 100%. Accuracy of CTA for detection of very small intracranial aneurysms was 99% and 100% (kappa = 0.969 - 1.0 +/- 0.1221). Forty-eight percent of aneurysms were detected in the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSION The sensitivity of CTA for the detection of cerebral aneurysms </=5 mm is higher than that of DSA, with equal specificity and high interoperator reliability. High quality, noninvasive CTA aneurysm detection and characterization can be performed using routine clinical CT scanners and commercially available image processing workstations.
New SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages from the Heilongjiang High-Pressure Belt: Constraints on the Mesozoic evolution of NE China

The Heilongjiang Complex is a high-pressure accretionary belt composed mainly of serpentinite, glaucophane-bearing metabasalt, epidote-glaucophane-albite schist, greenschist, marble, two-mica schist, muscovite-albite schist, quartz schist, and quartzite (chert), located along the suture zone separating the Jiamusi and Songliao blocks in NE China. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon analyses of two samples of granitic gneiss from Yilan that are interleaved with the Heilongjiang Complex record diverse protolith ages that are consistent with derivation from regional Permian granitoids (263 ± 7 Ma) and the adjacent Mashan Complex (492 ± 6 Ma), indicating tectonic incorporation of older granitic components into the accretionary complex. The age of the basaltic protolith of two samples of glaucophane-albite schist from Yilan is ∼245 Ma and is slightly younger than the protolith age of two samples of amphibole schist from Mudanjiang, located about 200 km south of Yilan, that define weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 257 ± 4 and 257 ± 5 Ma. All four samples contain a few older inherited zircon grains and also show the effects of an isotopic disturbance at ∼200 to 190 Ma, most likely related to the subsequent high-pressure metamorphism, the timing of which has been determined in previous studies. The basaltic rocks record rifting and ocean development from ∼260 to 210 Ma, based on previous studies in which both E-MORB and OIB protolith signatures were identified. Detrital zircons in two samples of mica schist from Mudanjiang show distinct populations at ∼700 Ma, 500 to 450 Ma, 350 to 213 Ma (peak at 255 Ma), 290 to 200 Ma and ∼200 Ma. All except the youngest ages can be matched with rocks from the older components of the Jiamusi block and with other areas in the Central Asia Orogenic Belt (CAOB), supporting the view that the Jiamusi block was most likely the eastern segment of the CAOB prior to rifting. The youngest concordant magmatic detrital grain with an age of 207 ± 3 Ma defines the maximum age of sedimentation. This also limits the timing of high-pressure metamorphism in the Heilongjiang Complex to post-Late Triassic, consistent with argon data obtained in previous studies. Final closure between the Jiamusi and Songliao blocks took place in the latest-Triassic-Early Jurassic, with the two blocks accreted as a result of Pacific Ocean subduction. This suggests that the Heilongjiang Complex records the time when north-south closure of the CAOB in China gave way to westward movement related to the Pacific Ocean subduction, which has dominated the tectonics of NE China and Far East Russia since that time.
An evaluation of analytical solutions to estimate drawdowns and stream depletions by wells

Analytical solutions for computing drawdowns and streamflow depletion rates often neglect conditions that exist in typical stream-aquifer systems. These conditions can include (1) partial penetration of the aquifer by the stream, (2) presence of a streambed clogging layer, (3) aquifer storage available to the pumping well from areas beyond the stream, and (4) hydraulic disconnection between the stream and the well. A methodology is presented for estimating extended flow lengths and other parameters used to approximate the increased head losses created by partially penetrating streams and clogging layer resistance effects. The computed stream depletion rates and drawdown distributions from several analytical solutions (Theis, 1941; Glover and Balmer, 1954; Jacob, 1950; Hantush, 1965) were compared to those obtained using a two-dimensional groundwater flow model. The stream geometry was approximated as a semicircle. Numerical simulation results indicate that, because of the use of simplifying assumptions, the analytical solutions can misrepresent aquifer drawdown distributions and overestimate stream depletion rates. Assuming that a correct simulation of the stream depletion phenomenon is provided by the numerical model, the error associated with each of the simplifying assumptions was determined. At a time of 58.5 days after pumping began, errors in computed stream depletion rates due to neglect of partial penetration were 20%, those due to neglect of clogging layer resistance were 45%, and those due to neglect of storage in areas beyond the stream were 21%. Neglecting hydraulic disconnection had only a minor effect (i.e., an error of 1% only at a time of 58.5 days after pumping began) on computed stream depletion rates and a noticeable effect on aquifer drawdown distributions.
How Well Do Climate Models Reproduce North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water

AbstractFormation and the subsequent evolution of the subtropical mode water (STMW) involve various dynamic and thermodynamic processes. Proper representation of mode water variability and contributions from various processes in climate models is important in order to predict future climate change under changing forcings. The North Atlantic STMW, often referred to as Eighteen Degree Water (EDW), in three coupled models, both with data assimilation [GFDL coupled data assimilation (GFDL CDA)] and without data assimilation [GFDL Climate Model, version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1), and NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3)], is analyzed to evaluate how well EDW processes are simulated in those models and to examine whether data assimilation alters the model response to forcing. In comparison with estimates from observations, the data-assimilating model gives a better representation of the formation rate, the spatial distribution of EDW, and its thickness, with the largest EDW variability along the Gulf S.
Upper Proterozoic paleomagnetic poles from Laurentia and the history of the Grenville Structural Province

Paleomagnetic poles from the Precambrian shield of North America (Laurentia) for the interval −1500 to −600 m.y. are reviewed. The results are best explained by assuming that the path(s) of apparent polar wander had the form of a sequence of loops with amplitudes of about 60° and period of 200–300 m.y. It is possible that such polar paths are the signature of the Wilson cycle, the cycle of opening and closing oceans. The presence of such loops does not imply that this cycle necessarily operated but only that their presence is consistent with its operation during the later Proterozoic. Many pole determinations are now available from medium- to high-grade metamorphic terrain of the Grenville structural province, and the poles from that part of the province (Grenvillia) not immediately adjacent to the Grenville front are statistically distinct from the poles from the remainder of Laurentia (Interior Laurentia). Three hypotheses have been invoked to explain this fact, and a fourth is added here. Only hypotheses 1 and 2 adequately explain the paleomagnetic data. Hypothesis 2 requires rapid drift of Laurentia at rates of 20 cm/yr for about 200 m.y. Hypothesis 1 requires that at −1150 m.y. , Grenvillia was displaced 5000 km from Interior Laurentia and approached and became sutured to it at about −1000 m.y. , the Laurentian shield as we know it today being formed.
The role of push and pull factors in the way tourists choose their destination

The current research aims at examining the difference between the trip-related motivations held by those tourists who choose recreational destinations and those who choose cultural ones. To do so, in August 2013, 401 questionnaires were handed to Iranian tourists planning to take a trip to Istanbul and Antalya, Turkey. The results of the t-tests demonstrated that those tourists considering escape to be their major motivation for the trip tended to travel to tourist resorts more, and the recreational goal of the destination played the most significant role for them. On the other hand, those who travel for ego-enhancement try to practice more cultural destinations and place great value on tourist attractions.
Flow modelling in a high mountain valley equipped with hydropower plants: Rio Zongo Valley, Cordillera Real, Bolivia

Water management modelling of a hydroelectric system in a tropical high mountain context is presented. The study zone and the hydraulic network are described and the water management strategy analysed. Three different models are combined to describe the complexity of the specific hydrometeorological context: the spatial distribution of the climatic data over the river basin, the surface energy balance influence on the runoff production of a river basin and the surface flow transfer modelling through a hydraulic system. The atmospheric forcing spatial distribution is derived from the available climatic data records. The runoff production on the catchment's slopes is simulated using the land‐surface scheme ISBA. The system dynamics tool Vensim® is used to simulate the hydraulic dynamics in the hydropower plants system. A short description of the three modelling methods is given, followed by the description of the coupled model construction. The simulation results of the ISBA land‐surface scheme on both a non‐glacial an a glacial sub‐basin during a 17 month period are presented. After pointing out the necessity of the water management model to simulate the river discharge at the outlet of the basin, the main reservoirs, simulated water level variations are shown. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cubic relationship between air‐sea CO2 exchange and wind speed

Using recent laboratory and field results we explore the possibility of a cubic relationship between gas exchange and instantaneous (or short‐term) wind speed, and its impact on global air‐sea fluxes. The theoretical foundation for such a dependency is based on retardation of gas transfer at low to intermediate winds by surfactants, which are ubiquitous in the world's oceans, and bubble‐enhanced transfer at higher winds. The proposed cubic relationship shows a weaker dependence of gas transfer at low wind speed and a significantly stronger dependence at high wind speed than previous relationships. A long‐term relationship derived from such a dependence, combined with the monthly CO2 climatology of Takahashi [1997], leads to an increase in the global annual oceanic CO2 uptake from 1.4 Gigaton C yr−1 to 2.2 Gigaton C yr−1. Although a cubic relationship fits within global bomb‐14C oceanic uptake constraints, additional checks are warranted, particularly at high wind speeds where the enhancement is most pronounced.
Fragmentation of an Intermittent Stream During Seasonal Drought: Intra‐annual and Interannual Patterns and Biological Consequences

Intermittent streams lose surface flow during some portion of the year and can be important breeding and rearing habitats for stream biota. However, habitat contraction and deteriorating water quality across the summer can result in harsh conditions and mortality. We explored patterns of drying in a small intermittent stream across the summer in Mediterranean‐climate California, including across 4 years that differed in antecedent precipitation. Wet–dry mapping revealed earlier stream fragmentation following dry winters and that entire sections of the stream varied in their propensity to dry suggesting an important influence of geomorphology on drying. Within two ‘slow‐drying’ reaches, initial riffle volumes were higher following wetter winters, but the rate of riffle drying was higher following wet years, presumably because higher initial volumes resulted in greater drying capacity. Initial pool volumes were similar across years, but the rate of pool drying was faster following dry versus wet winters (pool half‐life ranged from 9.7 weeks in the driest year to 26.3 weeks in the wettest year). Stream temperature differed among years, but differences were slight, and temperatures rarely exceeded optimal conditions for trout growth. We observed limited movement of trout during drier years and found that movement was negatively associated with pool depth, riffle length and date, and positively associated with riffle volume. Overall, we found that antecedent rainfall influenced variability in pool drying more than riffle drying, that entire sections of the creek varied in their propensity to dry and that biological fragmentation preceded physical fragmentation by 3 to 7 weeks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition and morphology of individual aerosol particles from a CARIBIC flight at 10 km altitude between 50°N and 30°S

Analysis of individual particles by analytical electron microscopy as well as quantitative analysis using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and particle elastic scattering analysis (PESA) were carried out on samples collected from a flight at 10 km altitude between 50 degrees N and 30 degrees S as part of the Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project (http://www.caribic-atmospheric.com). Particle morphology showed large variability with sampling latitude. Complicated branched structures dominated the large particles of the extratropical northern and southern hemisphere and the northern tropics. Particles in the tropics of the southern hemisphere were small in size and large in number concentration, whereas particles in or close to the intertropical convergence zone were few and small in size. Particles in the lowermost stratosphere were found to have similar structures but more branched than the ones found in the upper troposphere of the extratropics. Quantitative analysis revealed that the sulfur concentration varied by a factor of 50 in the nine samples analyzed in this study. The carbon-to-sulfur mass concentration ratio was lowest in the lowermost stratosphere (0.5) and highest in the tropics of the southern hemisphere (3.5). The elemental distribution of carbon and sulfur in individual particles was mapped by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). Almost all particles analyzed contained a mixture of carbonaceous and sulfurous matter. Particles with satellites were found by EFTEM to contain both carbon and sulfur in the central particle, whereas in the satellite particles only carbonaceous material was detected. (Less)
Atmospheric temperature, moisture, and trace gas retrieval algorithm for the NPOESS/NPP cross-track infrared microwave sounder suite (CrIMSS)

The Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounder Suite (CrIMSS) consists of a microwave radiometer and an infrared interferometer and is scheduled to fly on the NPP and NPOESS satellites. The sensors are designed for the accurate measurement of atmospheric pressure, temperature and moisture profiles. This paper presents an overview of the CrIMSS sensors and the retrieval algorithm. Validation of the algorithm with current satellite sounder data will also be presented.
Regional aquifer mapping using combined VES-TEM-AMT/EMAP methods in the semiarid eastern margin of Parnaiba Basin, Brazil

As part of a program to evaluate the utility of integrated geoelectrical methods for subsurface structural mapping and groundwater resource investigation in the semiarid eastern margin of the Parnaiba basin in Brazil, several vertical electrical soundings (VES) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) and tensorial audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) measurements were carried out along a 250-km-long east-west transect (passing through major towns and cities) and a 127-km-long north-south profile (passing through small farm settlements). The various data sets have been jointly processed using a novel integration scheme and a constrained 1-D inversion technique to yield the resistivity structure underneath each observation station. Regularized 2-D inversion of static-shift-corrected, dual-mode AMT data provided additional deep structural information and, together with the joint 1-D results, enabled an assessment of the distribution of aquifers and major structural controls in the region. The east-west regional geoelectrical model evokes a picture of a gently dipping succession of conductive and resistive units in good agreement with the alternating shaly and sandy formations evinced from preexisting borehole data and previous geological studies. The geoelectric models also show the presence of the large-scale Transbrazilian lineament and other graben-like structures, previously inferred from aeromagnetic data, which may have some control on groundwater distribution. The agreement with geology and aeromagnetic interpretation emphasizes the importance of integrated geoelectrical surveying as a complementary or independent means of obtaining useful stratigraphic and structural information for hydrogeological studies in this region.
41.4: Daylight Matching with Blended‐CCT LED Lamp

Energy‐conscious facility designs strive to include natural daylight in workspaces. Daylight's correlated color temperature (CCT) varies throughout the day and conflicts with existing fixed‐CCT artificial light sources, delivering poor color rendering for users. A prototype blended‐CCT LED lamp demonstrates a simple control concept for matching daylight variations.