Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolated Umbilical Vein Varix With a Poor Outcome Despite Close Fetal Surveillance

A fetal umbilical vein varix is an enlargement of the umbilical vein, which has been previously defined as an index portion of the umbilical vein that is at least 50% wider than the nondilated portion, dilatation of 9 mm or greater, or greater than 2 SDs above the mean for gestational age.1,2 Characteristics frequently described with respect to an umbilical vein varix include the diameter, presence or absence of turbulent flow or hydrops, and presence or absence of other fetal anomalies. More than 100 cases of umbilical vein varices have been reported in the literature, with varying fetal mortality rates.3 Many of the fatal cases have been associated with chromosomal or other anomalies, and some have been associated with intrauterine growth restriction.4 Multiple case series of isolated fetal intraabdominal umbilical vein varices report an average diameter of 12 mm and a range of 8 to 30 mm.2,5 Mankuta et al3 reported that in pregnancies affected by an umbilical vein varix, the rate of intrauterine growth restriction was 10.7%, and 17% of these varices had turbulent flow. Despite the wide range in the size and presence or absence of turbulence, there were no reported cases of intrauterine fetal demise associated with an isolated umbilical vein varix in the series. Other studies have reported an association between the presence of turbulent flow and poor obstetric outcomes.2,6,7 In the following case, we report a pregnancy affected by an isolated fetal umbilical vein varix presenting at 9 mm of dilatation and progressing to 18 mm of dilatation with turbulence. Despite close monitoring, the patient had an intrauterine fetal demise at 32 weeks. The patient was a 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0, with a history of well-controlled hypothyroidism who had a diagnosis of a 9-mm intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix at 23 weeks’ gestation. At the time of diagnosis, there was low turbulent flow within the varix; otherwise, results of a detailed fetal anatomic survey were normal. The remainder of her medical and pregnancy histories were uncomplicated. She was considered low risk for aneuploidy by sequential screening with nuchal translucency measurement and declined amniocentesis after the diagnosis. Another sonographic examination performed at 28 weeks 2 days showed that the varix had increased to 12 to 14 mm with turbulent flow, and a prominent portal vein was seen (Figure 1). Fetal echocardiography performed at 29 weeks did not show any evidence of cardiac abnormalities. A sonographic examination performed at 30 weeks 2 days showed further progression in the size of the umbilical varix and in the dilatation of the portal vein. At this Clinical Letters
Comparison between paracetamol, piroxicam, their combination, and placebo in postoperative pain management of upper limb orthopedic surgery (a randomized double blind clinical trial)

Background: Therapeutic superiority of a combination of Paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) over either drug alone remains controversial. We evaluated the efficiency of a combination of Paracetamol and Piroxicam versus each drug alone and also placebo in the management of postoperative pain, in patients who had undergone elective upper limb orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were randomly divided into four groups to receive either intravenous (IV) infusion of Paracetamol, 15 mg/kg. , intramuscular (IM) injection of Piroxicam 0.4 mg/kg. , their combination or placebo. The pain scores were recorded at the first; second, fourth, sixth, twelfth, and 24 hours after Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) admission. After the operation 0.1 mg/kg of morphine was administered, if the patient needed. Result: The means of the pain scores were 5.26 ± 1.53, 4.09 ± 0.88, 4.36 ± 1.48, and 4.11 ± 1.29, in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, (Group A: received placebo; Group B: received both Paracetamol and Piroxicam; Group C received Piroxicam; Group D received Paracetamol). Except for differences between the mean pain scores in Groups B and D, the other differences were statistically significant (P value < 0.05). No adverse effect was reported in the four groups. Conclusion: IV infusion of 15 mg/kg Paracetamol used as a preventive may provide effective analgesia in comparison with IM 0.4 mg/kg Piroxicam or placebo. Addition of Piroxicam to Paracetamol has not much more benefit than Paracetamol alone, in reducing pain after upper limb orthopedic surgery.
Differences in Perceived Image of Fruit and Vegetables from a Specific Origin: The Moderating Role of Familiarity

Only a small number of works in the literature examines the role of familiarity in the perception of products from a specific origin, despite the importance of this variable in the formation of product image and its effects on consumer behavior. The current work aims to fill this gap in the literature by carrying out a cross-national analysis of consumers' image of fruit and vegetables that includes a defined origin. For this purpose, the authors examine the influence of product cues on the formation of a global image of the product, and considers the moderating role of familiarity in this relation. The results indicate that product familiarity has an effect on the relation between the product cues and the image perceived by the consumer, and that differences exist between the nationalities considered.
Early postnatal development of visual function in ganglion cells of the cat retina.

1. Spontaneous and visually evoked action potentials were recorded from single retinal ganglion cells in superfused retina-eyecups prepared from cats between postnatal day 5 (P5) and adulthood. The development of functional responses was studied quantitatively with contrast-modulated spots and sinusoidal grating stimuli. Some functionally characterized cells were impaled and injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase to permit direct structure-function comparisons during the period of synaptogenesis and the expression of transient morphological features. 2. Around the time of eye opening at postnatal day 7-postnatal day 10, the spontaneous discharge of ganglion cells was characterized by bursts of action potentials separated by periods of no activity lasting up to tens of seconds. This "burst-type" pattern gradually changed to a more regular spontaneous discharge during the first 2-3 postnatal wk. The burst-type discharge was completely blocked by 10 mM Mg2+, but was largely unaffected by bath application the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3- dione at concentrations that eliminated both spontaneous and light-driven activity of cells that had developed a regular spontaneous discharge. DL-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid, a competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, also had little effect on the burst-type discharge but did block the depolarizing effects of exogenous NMDA. These results demonstrate that the burst-type spontaneous discharge is a calcium-dependent process but probably is not mediated by synapses utilizing receptors for excitatory amino acids. 3. On P5, a minority of ganglion cells responded to a light stimulus delivered to the retina at the electrode tip. The percentage of responsive cells increased over time so that all cells responded by P10. During this transition period, the light responses were often weak, fatigued with repeated stimulation, and displayed poor temporal resolution. There was a rapid increase in the briskness of the response to a standard light stimulus during the second through fourth postnatal weeks. However, cells that responded sluggishly to visual stimulation were observed at all ages studied. 4. Both ON- and OFF-type receptive field (RF) centers were observed in approximately equal numbers as soon as the light response developed, and the proportion of the two types was independent of age. Three percent (10/342) of visually responsive ganglion cells had ON-OFF RFs, and the incidence of this type also appeared to be invariant with age. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Household Structure, Coupling Constraints, and the Nonpartner Victimization Risks of Adults

Victimization studies consistently find that household structure influences the risk of personal and property victimization among adult household members, with those in “traditional” homes enjoying the most protection from victimization and lone parents experiencing the greatest vulnerability. Drawing on the concept of coupling constraints , which represents space-time limitations on adults’ routine activities, this study builds upon and extends research on the household structure— victimization relationship by considering how the presence and age of children shapes adult victimization risk. Data from 11,952 urban respondents in the Canadian General Social Survey (1999) confirm that adults’ life course stage, captured in age-graded responsibilities to children, has an independent and direct influence on nonpartner victimization. The heightened victimization risk experienced by lone parents relative to other types of households is largely explained by their parental coupling constraints.
A framework for detecting selfish misbehavior in wireless mesh community networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently emerged as a flexible and low-cost extension of wired infrastructure networks. They consist of mesh routers and clients, where mesh routers are almost static and form the backbone of the WMN. The complete absence of an infrastructure and the flexibility provided by the wireless mesh technology has fostered the development of new network paradigms like Wireless Mesh Community Networks. Such networks are usually composed of heterogeneous mesh routers managed by different users (a subset of participants to the community), that collaborate to extend the network coverage. However, in such environment some participants can exhibit selfish behaviors, by dropping selectively the packets sent by other mesh routers, in order to prioritize their own traffic and increase their network utilization. In this paper we propose a complete scheme to detect selfish behavior of the mesh routers that participate to the community network. Each node evaluates the trustworthiness of the other mesh routers by combining the direct observations on the relaying behavior of neighbor nodes with the trust information provided by other mesh routers. The proposed scheme has been integrated in the AODV routing protocol, and tested in several network scenarios. The numerical results show that our scheme provides a high detection accuracy, even when a high percentage of network nodes provide false trust values (bad-mouthing attack).
The origin of the diversity of leaf venation pattern

The leaf venation pattern of plants shows remarkable diversity and species‐specificity. However, the mechanism underlying the pattern formation and pattern diversity remains unclear. We developed a mathematical model that is based on the positive feedback regulation between plant hormone auxin and its efflux carrier. This system can generate auxin flow pathways by self‐organization from an almost homogeneous state. This result explains a well‐known experimental phenomenon referred as to “polar auxin transport. ” The model can produce diverse leaf venation patterns with spatial regularity under similar conditions to those of leaf development, that is, in the presence of leaf expansion and auxin sink. Final venation patterns are strikingly affected by leaf shape and leaf expansion. These results indicate that the positive feedback regulation between auxin and its efflux carrier is a central dynamic in leaf venation pattern formation. The diversity of leaf venation patterns in plant species is probably due to the differences of leaf shape and leaf expansion pattern. Developmental Dynamics 235:2710–2721, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ÜBERLEGUNGEN ZU EINER THEORIE DER SOG. NEBENWORTARTEN

Schon die Bezeichnung der hier zur Diskussion stehenden Wortarten, nämlich „ N e b e n w o r t a r t e n " (NWA), wirft Fragen auf. Wir haben diesen Terminus selbst geprägt, weil es für die betreffenden Wortarten in der deutschen grammatischen Terminologie keinen Oberbegriff zu geben scheint; zumindest keinen, der allgemein anerkannt und jedem geläufig ist. Mit ,NWA* wollen wir im folgenden (a) Präpositionen, (b) Konjunktionen, (c) Pronomina und (d) Adverbien bezeichnen. Die Interjektionen (e) gehören als eine nur schwer zu fassende Restklasse zwar auch dazu, jedoch sollen sie hier eben wegen der großen Definitionsschwierigkeiten außer Betracht bleiben. Diesem Mangel an einer übergreifenden Bezeichnung entspricht ein Mangel an Forschung, vor allem was diese Gruppe von Wortarten als ganze angeht. Das Hauptinteresse der linguistischen und erst recht der sprachphilosophischen Forschung zu den Wortarten bzw. Redeteilen (paries orationis) gehört seit jeher den sog. H a u p t w o r t a r t e n (HWA), also den Substantiven, Adjektiven und Verben (einschließlich der Partizipien). In unseren Ausführungen möchten wir nun zeigen, daß eine übergreifende und zusammenschauende S t r u k t u r a n a l y s e sowie Funk t ionsbesch re i bung der NWA neue Forschungsperspektiven im Bereich der Morphologie und Syntax eröffnen können,
The Developmental Reviewer

Reviews, and reviewers, seem to be a popular conversation topic among academics. All of us seem to have horror stories to share about ‘idiot reviewers’ who misunderstood our paper, and we complain about the number of reviews we are asked to write. Journal editors will speak of problems finding conscientious, timely, and developmental reviewers. While the review process can be painful and time consuming, quality reviews are important for Management and Organization Review (MOR) to succeed in our mission to promote quality research. In order to help you become a better reviewer, I will address three separate issues: why you should become a reviewer; the responsibilities of a reviewer; and finally some specific guidelines on how to review.
The Case for Serpent

Serpent should be chosen because it is the most secure of the AES finalists. Not only does it have ample safety margin, but its simple structure enables us to be sure that none of the currently known attacks will work. It is also simple to check that an implementation is correct. Although Serpent is not as fast as the other finalists on the 200 MHz Pentium machine used for round 1 benchmarking, this disadvantage largely disappears when we consider the likely platforms and applications of the 21st century. In hardware, for example, Serpent has easily the best performance, while on IA64 it’s second.
The Discourse of 'Community' and the Reinvention of Social Housing Policy in Australia

Recent developments in Australian social housing policy encompass a larger role for non-government housing providers. The new emphasis is mediated and supported by the discourse of 'community' housing. 'Community' is invoked as an ideal by liberal critics of the centralised state, and conversely, by critics of liberalism who pose it as an alternative to individualism and the abstract formalism of the liberal state. Much of the rhetoric of community housing in Australia has emphasised its claimed potential to demonstrate ways in which social housing management can be made more accountable and responsive, as well as more equitable and efficient, but the evident contradictions in the discourse raise questions concerning the reasons for, and likely outcomes of, state sponsorship of community housing. This paper employs 'textually oriented discourse analysis' to examine key policy documents which have informed the development of community housing policy in Australia, and demonstrates linkages between these discourse samples, and the international tendencies in the societal order of discourse identified by Fairclough as 'democratisation', 'commodification' and 'technologisation'.
Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae in American Indian Households after a Decade of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Use

Background Young children played a major role in pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage, acquisition, and transmission in the era before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) use. Few studies document pneumococcal household dynamics in the routine-PCV7 era. Methods We investigated age-specific acquisition, household introduction, carriage clearance, and intra-household transmission in a prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in 300 American Indian households comprising 1,072 participants between March 2006 and March 2008. Results Pneumococcal acquisition rates were 2–6 times higher in children than adults. More household introductions of new pneumococcal strains were attributable to children <9 years than adults ≥17 years (p<0.001), and older children (2–8 years) than younger children (<2 years) (p<0.008). Compared to children <2 years, carriage clearance was more rapid in older children (2–4 years, HRclearance 1.53 [95% CI: 1.22, 1.91]; 5–8 years, HRclearance 1.71 [1.36, 2.15]) and adults (HRclearance 1.75 [1.16, 2.64]). Exposure to serotype-specific carriage in older children (2–8 years) most consistently increased the odds of subsequently acquiring that serotype for other household members. Conclusions In this community with a high burden of pneumococcal colonization and disease and routine PCV7 use, children (particularly older children 2–8 years) drive intra-household pneumococcal transmission: first, by acquiring, introducing, and harboring pneumococcus within the household, and then by transmitting acquired serotypes more efficiently than household members of other ages.
From good and bad to can and must: subjective necessity of acts associated with positively and negatively valued stimuli

In Study 1, 24 participants generated sentences expressing ways of dealing with positively and negatively valued noun stimuli (objects and humans). They were instructed to begin each sentence with One + auxiliary verb. The auxiliary was to be selected from a set including auxiliaries expressing high (must) and low (can) necessity. As predicted on the basis of a minimal nonsocial model of behavioral adaptation, higher necessity was associated with negative stimuli than with positive stimuli. In Study 2, this effect was replicated using trait adjectives as stimuli. Consistent with the model, the effect was produced by stimulus valences belonging to an approach-avoidance related evaluative dimension ‘other-profitability’. However, additional effects, involving an alternative evaluative dimension ‘self-profitability’, were not fully accounted for by the model. They suggested that genuine social factors were involved that, however, were only required to explain some marginal effects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting Consultants with Task-Specific Information Retrieval

Although information retrieval systems based on the words and phrases in documents offer excellent performance, such systems are limited by their lack of knowledge about documents. When the goal is the management of knowledge to support reuse, information systems must be context aware. The information need that leads to a search for documents has a context, as do the documents of the search space. Only by matching the contexts of the documents, as well as the words and structure of the documents, can knowledge be effectively reused. We describe the SINGLESOURCE system, which has been designed to facilitate knowledge reuse within a group of professional researchers at a major consulting firm.
Device Circuit Co-Design Issues in Vertical Nanowire CMOS Platform

In this letter, we investigate the effect of device and layout parasitics on circuit performance of vertical nanowire (VNW) CMOS technology. We evaluate the effect of source-drain extension (S/Dext) scaling and device asymmetry on device and circuit performances for 15 nm VNW CMOS. It is seen that, due to reduced series resistance, circuit delay continues to improve with S/Dext down to 10 nm, despite increased parasitic capacitances. Also, we show that asymmetry between top and bottom electrodes plays a strong role in determining circuit delay, while layout-dependent parasitics are of secondary importance. The results show that delay is increased by 65% with top electrode as source, which is attributed to increase in series resistance and gate-drain overlap capacitances. The comparison of VNW and FinFET CMOS shows nearly 40% delay reduction, highlighting excellent potential of VNW CMOS for 15 nm and below technology nodes.
Excitatory amino acids in synaptic transmission in the Schaffer collateral‐commissural pathway of the rat hippocampus.

1. The effects of excitatory amino acids and some antagonists applied by ionophoresis to stratum radiatum in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices were examined on the locally recorded field e.p.s.p. evoked by stimulation of the Schaffer collateral‐commissural projection. 2. L‐glutamate, L‐aspartate and the more potent and selective excitatory amino acids quisqualate, kainate and N‐methyl‐DL‐aspartate (NMA) depressed the e.p.s.p., presumably through depolarization and/or a change in membrane conductance. 3. The depression induced by kainate considerably outlasted the period of ejection whereas NMA depressions were rapidly reversible and were often followed by a potentiation of the e.p.s.p. In higher doses NMA also depressed the presynaptic fibre volley. The possible involvement of these effects in neurotoxicity and synaptic plasticity is raised. 4. The selective NMA antagonist, DL‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovalerate (APV) applied in doses which abolished responses to NMA, had no effect on the e.p.s.p. but prevented long term potentiation (l.t.p.) of synaptic transmission evoked by high frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collateral‐commissural pathway. Other antagonists which had little or no effect on normal synaptic transmission included D‐alpha‐aminoadipate (DAA), the optical isomers of 2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyrate (APB) and L‐glutamate diethylester (GDEE). 5. In contrast, gamma‐D‐glutamylglycine (DGG), applied in amounts which affected quisqualate and kainate actions as well as those of NMA, was an effective synaptic antagonist whilst having no effect on the presynaptic fibre volley. 6. These results indicate that the synaptic receptor in the Schaffer collateral‐commissural pathway may be of the kainate or quisqualate type. Although NMA receptors do not appear to be involved in normal synaptic transmission in this pathway they may play a role in synaptic plasticity. The interaction of L‐glutamate and L‐aspartate with these receptors is discussed.
Exploring the Relationship Between Motives and Perceived Risks in Windsurfing: The Case of ‘Le Morne’, Mauritius

Abstract This paper explores the relationship between international visitors' motives for choosing Mauritius as a windsurfing destination and the perceived risks with this adventure activity. Adopting a post-positivist approach, survey data were collected from 89 windsurfers at ‘Le Morne’. The qualitative results indicated dimensions of risks and motives confirming other findings while the quantitative results showed merging of some dimensions reflecting the complexity of these constructs. ‘Crowd’ and ‘Social and Location’ risks were significantly correlated with motives of ‘Learning’, ‘Personal Development’ and ‘Novelty and Fun’. Socio-demographics and windsurfing experience had some influence on motives but none on perceived risks except for nationality. The marketing implications are also discussed in the end.