Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diet composition and body composition in preschool children.

BACKGROUND In studies of adult humans and in animal models, dietary intakes of the macronutrients, particularly fat, are related to body composition; however, data on children are more scarce. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether diet composition is related to percentage body fat in children aged 1.5-4.5 y. DESIGN In 77 preschool children, a 4-d weighed-food record was used to determine intakes of total energy and energy from each macronutrient. An oxygen-18 dilution method was used to calculate percentage body fat. Habitual physical activity level was determined by calculating the ratio of total energy expenditure (from stable isotope analyses) to predicted basal metabolic rate. Dietary intake and body-composition data were analyzed to evaluate whether diet composition was related to body fat. Further analyses incorporating physical activity level were performed. RESULTS Percentage body fat was not significantly correlated with dietary intake variables (total energy or percentage of energy from fat, carbohydrate, or protein) and did not differ significantly among 3 increasing levels of each dietary intake variable by analysis of variance. In multiple regression analysis, physical activity level was related to body fat whereas diet composition was not. CONCLUSIONS We found no relations between dietary intakes of total energy, fat, carbohydrate, or protein and percentage body fat in children. The relation between fat intake and body fat may develop over time and may not be evident in preschool children. Energy expenditure, in particular physical activity level, may have a greater influence on body composition in early childhood.
[Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary].

Authors/Task Force Members, Kim Fox, Chairperson*, Maria Angeles Alonso Garcia, Madrid (Spain), Diego Ardissino, Parma (Italy), Pawel Buszman, Katowice (Poland), Paolo G. Camici, London (UK), Filippo Crea, Roma (Italy), Caroline Daly, London (UK), Guy De Backer, Ghent (Belgium), Paul Hjemdahl, Stockholm (Sweden), José Lopez-Sendon, Madrid (Spain), Jean Marco, Toulouse (France), João Morais, Leiria (Portugal), John Pepper, London (UK), Udo Sechtem, Stuttgart (Germany), Maarten Simoons, Rotterdam (The Netherlands), and Kristian Thygesen, Aarhus (Denmark)
Walking-aid cane robot applying light touch effect

This paper describes a cane type single-wheel inverted pendulum robot for walking aid, which is lightweight and compact. This robot aims to be used in ordinary living environments including narrow place and steps, to be an alternative to a cane. In order to verify the effectiveness of the stabilization by this robot, we conducted an experiment observing trunk sway of a volunteer while he walked with/without our robot. In this experiment, his gait imitated a weak gait function by placing a knee supporter on the knee joint. The trunk sway was used as an evaluation criterion because we anticipated that trunk sway during walking could be reduced by supplementing the sense of balance by the light touch effect. As a result of this experiment, it was confirmed that our robot could reduce the trunk sway of the volunteer by about 20[%] comparing one without our robot.
Effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) meal on skin thickness and fat deposition in commercial broiler chickens

Excessive deposition of fat in the skin of commercial chickens has major implications on human health. Garlic (Allium sativum) has been reported to have hypolipidaemic effect in animals. The effect of garlic on fat deposition in the skin of commercial broilers was therefore investigated. One hundred and sixty day-old Arbor acres broilers of different sexes were randomly separated into four groups. Group A was fed a plain ration; group B had 0.125% garlic meal (GM) in feed continuously, group C – 0.125% GM at pulse inclusion (on for 2 weeks and off for 2 weeks) and group D – 0.25% GM continuously. At 4 and 8 weeks of age, five broilers per group were randomly selected, euthanised and back cape skin sections were harvested and processed for histology. Epidermal as well as dermalhypodermal thicknesses were measured. Data were statistically analysed using Duncan’s multiple range test and Student’s t-test at P<0.05. The epidermis in the control group (Group A) was significantly different vs the other groups at 8 weeks of age. Dermal-hypodermal thickness of group C (15296.1±965.7 μm) was significantly higher vs other groups at 4 weeks of age. Fat globules were relatively more abundant in the hypodermis of group A at 4 and 8 weeks of age, while collagen fibres in the dermis were relatively denser in the GM-supplemented groups. It was concluded that garlic inclusion in feed of commercial broilers resulted in thinner epidermis and denser collagen fibres in the dermis causing thicker dermis-hypodermis, as well as decreased fat deposits in the hypodermis.
The experience of regaining weight following weight loss surgery: A narrative-phenomenological exploration

ABSTRACT Weight loss surgery (WLS) is gaining ground as the most effective treatment against obesity. In the literature, however, we see a divide among individuals who have undergone WLS based on the amount of weight lost and maintained: successful and unsuccessful patients. In this article, we focus on the notion of unsuccessful patients—exploring the accounts of three women who have regained weight following WLS. In doing so, we endeavor to better understand how weight regain has meaning, and its impact and implications for the lives of individuals who undergo WLS. The findings reveal how weight-regain stories are easily silenced, buried beneath social, cultural, and institutional/medical narratives of successful weight loss and transformation. People who have such experiences may feel reticent to reveal them and in doing so increase their own suffering, therefore leaving the popular narratives unchallenged.
Direct comparison of statistical damage frequency method and raster scan procedure

Presented study addresses the nano-size defects acting as damage precursors in nanosecond laser pulse irradiation regime. Defects embedded within the surface of glass are investigated in terms of defect ensembles. Damage frequency method and raster scan procedure are directly compared on the set of two samples: uncoated fused silica substrates and SiO2 monolayer films. The extracted defect ensembles appear to be different from each other. The limitations of compared methods such as pulse-to-pulse variation of laser intensity and sample contamination induced by laser ablation were identified as the main causes of observed differences.
A Contribution to Nyquist-Rate ADC Modeling-Detailed Algorithm Description

In this article, the innovative ADC modeling algorithm is described. It is well suitable for Nyquist-rate ADC error back annotation. This algorithm is the next step of building a support tool for IC design engineers. The inspiration for us was the work [2]. Here, the ADC behavior is divided into HCF (High Code Frequency) and LCF (Low Code Frequency) separated independent parts. This paper is based on the same concept but the model coefficients are estimated in a different way only from INL data. The HCF order recognition part was newly added as well. Thanks to that the HCF coefficients number is lower in comparison with the original Grimaldi’s work (especially for converters with low ratio between HCF and “random” part of INL). Modeling results are demonstrated on a real data set measured by ASICentrum on charge-redistribution type SAR ADC chip. Results are shown not only by coefficient values but also by the Model Coverage metrics. Model limitations are also discussed.
Face Age Estimation Approach based on Deep Learning and Principle Component Analysis

This paper presents an approach for age estimation based on faces through classifying facial images into predefined age-groups. However, a task such as the one at hand faces several difficulties because of the different aspects of every single person. Factors like exposure, weather, gender and lifestyle all come into play. While some trends are similar for faces from a similar age group, it is problematic to distinguish the aging aspects for every age group. This paper’s concentration is in four chosen age groups where the estimation takes place. We employed a fast and effective machine learning method: deep learning so that it could solve the age categorization issue. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for extracting features and reducing face image. Age estimation was applied to three different aging datasets from Morph and experimental results are reported to validate its efficiency and robustness. Eventually, it is evident from the results that the current approach has achieved high classification results compared with support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbors (K-NN).
Craniomandibular Variation in Phalangeriform Marsupials: Functional Comparisons with Primates

Phalangeriform marsupials have often been compared with primates because of similarity in the range of external morphology, ecological niches, and body size between the two radiations. We explore morphological convergence in the masticatory anatomy of strepsirrhine primates and phalangeriforms, through osteological measurements of the mandible and facial skeleton, and through dissection of the masticatory musculature, presenting new data on the arrangement and proportions of jaw adductors in phalangeriforms. Phalangeriforms and primates have a large number of shape differences in mandibular morphology. Despite these differences in shape on phylogenetic lines, dietary groups used to pool species of phalangeriforms and strepsirrhines also differed from each other in a range of shape variables. Notably, the striped possum (Dactylopsila), previously described as convergent with the aye‐aye (Daubentonia), shares a number of features of mandibular shape with Daubentonia, and the exudate‐feeding sugar‐glider, Petaurus, shares shape features with gummivorous strepsirrhines. Petaurus also has long‐fibered jaw adductors for its body mass, as would be expected for a species with a requirement for large gape. Phalangeriform species on the frugivore‐folivore continuum were less clearly comparable to strepsirrhine species with similar diets. There are a number of significant dietary contrasts in osteological measurements, but in the masticatory muscles phalangeriforms did not meet all expectations based on available dietary data, highlighting the possible complexity of dietary adaptation in phalangeriform folivores. Anat Rec, 301:227–255, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Obtaining Secure Code in SQL Server Analysis Services by using MDA and QVT

Data Warehouses manage historical information for the decision making process that could be found out by unauthorized users when security constraints are not established. Therefore, it is very important for OLAP tools to consider the security rules defined at early stages of the development lifecycle. Following the MDA approach we have created an architecture for developing secure Data Warehouses and in this paper we complete this architecture obtaining secure multidimensional code in SQL Server Analysis Services from our secure multidimensional conceptual model (SECDW) by using QVT transformations. We focus on automatically obtain code for the security constraints defined at upper abstraction levels.
An Analysis of the Long-Distance Transport of Burn Patients to a Regional Burn Center

The concentration of specialized burn care to relatively few centers within relatively large geographic regions requires an organized system of patient triage, referral, and transport. The purpose of this study was to identify systematic errors in either the initial evaluation or care of burn patients requiring transport more than 90 miles to a single regional burn center. Therefore, we undertook a descriptive analysis of patients transported more than 90 miles to a single regional burn center from 2000 to 2003. The outcomes of interest were duration of transport, errors in burn size estimation, errors in fluid management, appropriateness of intubation, and complications during transport. During the years 2000 to 2003, there were 1877 admissions to the burn center; 949 (51%) were transferred from an outside facility. Of these 949, 424 (45%) were transferred more than 90 miles from a referring facility to our burn center. The average transport time from injury to our burn center was 7.2 hours (range, 1.6–48). There were no patient deaths during transport, and the most common complications were loss of or inability to secure intravenous access and inability to secure an airway. Burn size estimates differed significantly (P < .001) between referring providers and burn center physicians. This study confirms that patients can be transported safely and efficiently over long distances to a regional burn center. Given the current geographic distribution of burn centers and concerns about declining numbers of burn surgeons, organized systems of patient triage and transport may become increasingly important.
Interactive effects of avoidant coping and parental hypertension on Rate Pressure Product reactivity in women

Background: Previous research suggests that personality, situational context variables, and genes might interact to potentiate cardiovascular stress responses.Purpose: Our purpose is to examine interactive effects of dispositional avoidant coping and parental hypertension on cardiovascular reactivity to three different laboratory stressors.Method: Participants were 63 healthy female students. Stressors were an evaluated videotaped speech, the cold pressor, and viewing of the speech video. Heart rate and blood pressure were continuously recorded during baselines and tasks.Results: After controlling for age, body mass index, smoking status, reported exercise, alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive use, parental hypertension, and avoidant coping, the interaction term of parental hypertension and avoidant coping was the best predictor of rate pressure product (RPP) reactivity to the speech task and to the video-viewing task. In contrast, reactivity to the cold pressor was not significantly predicted by this interaction term. Furthermore, there were no significant main effects of parental hypertension and avoidant coping on RPP reactivity in any of the tasks. There were no significant interactive effects for diastolic blood pressure.Conclusions: Consistent with an interactive model of cardiovascular reactivity, parental hypertension plus avoidant coping led to enhanced RPP reactivity. This effect, however, was only evident during self-threatening stressors. The results suggest that the coincidence of genetic and personality factors might enhance risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Novel Application of a Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging System to Determine Signature Spectral Differences Between Infected and Noninfected Burn Wounds

Complications of infection can increase burn-related morbidity and mortality. Early detection of burn wound infection could lead to more precise and effective treatment, reducing systemic complications and the need for long-term, broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics. Quantitative cultures from biopsies are the accepted standard to determine infection. However, this methodology can take days to yield results and is invasive. This investigation focuses on the use of noninvasive imaging to determine the infection status of burn wounds in a controlled in vivo model. Full-thickness burn wounds were created on the dorsum of adult male rats (n = 6). Twenty-four hours after burn wound creation, wounds in the “Infected” group were inoculated with a vehicle containing 1 × 108 colony forming unit Staphylococcus aureus. “Control” group animals received vehicle alone. Subsequently, the wounds were imaged daily for a total of 10 days and the differences of skin optical properties were assessed using spatial frequency domain imaging at 16 different wavelengths from 500 to 700 nm. Regions of interest on the resulting images were selected and averaged at each time point. Statistically significant differences in average absorption and reduced scattering coefficients (&mgr;a and &mgr;s′) at 620 and 700 nm were observed between the two groups (P < .05). Differential optical properties were most evident by day 4 and persisted throughout the time course. Differential signature changes in optical properties are evident in infected burn wounds. This novel application of spatial frequency domain imaging may prove to be a valuable adjunct to burn wound assessment. Further work will be aimed at determining dose–response relationships and prokaryotic species differences.
Sex differences in the association between area deprivation and generalised anxiety disorder: British population study

Objective Studies have shown that area-level deprivation measured by factors, such as non-home ownership, non-car ownership and household overcrowding, can increase the risk for mental disorders over and above individual-level circumstances, such as education and social class. Whether area-level deprivation is associated with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) independent of personal circumstances, and whether this association is different between British women and men is unknown. Design Large, population study. Setting UK population-based cohort. Participants 30 445 people from the general population aged 40 years and older and living in England consented to participate at study baseline, and of these, 21 921 participants completed a structured health and lifestyle questionnaire used to capture GAD. Area deprivation was measured in 1991 using Census data, and GAD was assessed in 1996–2000. 10 275 women and 8219 men had complete data on all covariates. Main outcome measure Past-year GAD defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Results In this study, 2.5% (261/10 275) of women and 1.8% (145/8219) of men had GAD. Women living in the most deprived areas were over 60% more likely to develop anxiety than those living in areas that were not deprived (OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.21; p=0.001), but this association between deprivation and GAD was not apparent in men (OR=1.13, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.77; p=0.598). Conclusions The absolute numbers of people living in deprived conditions are large worldwide. This, combined with a growing mental health burden, means that the findings obtained in this study remain highly relevant. The WHO has emphasised the need to reduce social and health inequalities. Our findings provide a strong evidence base to this call, showing that the environment needs to be taken into account when developing mental health policy; gender is important when it comes to assessing the influence of the environment on our mental health.
Polymorphic Variants of Human Protein l-Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase Affect Catalytic Activity, Aggregation, and Thermal Stability

Protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT/PCMT1), a product of the human pcmt1 gene, catalyzes repair of abnormal l-isoaspartyl linkages in age-damaged proteins. Pcmt1 knock-out mice exhibit a profound neuropathology and die 30–60 days postnatal from an epileptic seizure. Here we express 15 reported variants of human PIMT and characterize them with regard to their enzymatic activity, thermal stability, and propensity to aggregation. One mutation, R36C, renders PIMT completely inactive, whereas two others, A7P and I58V, exhibit activity that is 80–100% higher than wild type. G175R is highly prone to aggregation and has greatly reduced activity. R17S and R17H show markedly enhanced sensitivity to thermal denaturation. Based on previous studies of moderate PIMT variation in humans and mice, we predict that heterozygosity for R36C, G175R, R17S, and R17H will prove detrimental to cognitive function and successful aging, whereas homozygosity (if it ever occurs) will lead to severe neurological problems in the young.
Design of reversible bidirectional logarithmic barrel shifter

Bit rotation and shifting are two very important operations in many digital logic applications. A barrel shifter can perform rotation and shifting of multiple bits in one cycle. Alternatively, reversible logic is gaining much attention due to its loss-less information processing and low-power dissipation in the logic synthesis. This paper deals with a reversible bi-directional logarithmic barrel shifter that performs rotation of data bits in both the directions. Results establish that the proposed design outperforms the previous designs in terms of quantum cost, number of garbage outputs, hardware cost and the total number of gates. Moreover, the testability feature of the proposed barrel shifter is analyzed with the integer linear program (ILP) method, which reports 7 test vectors of size 6 as a minimal complete test set for single as well as multiple stuck-at faults.
Locomotion of arthropods in aquatic environment and their applications in robotics

Many bio-inspired robots have been developed so far after careful investigation of animals’ locomotion. To successfully apply the locomotion of natural counterparts to robots for efficient and improved mobility, it is essential to understand their principles. Although a lot of research has studied either animals’ locomotion or bio-inspired robots, there have only been a few attempts to broadly review both of them in a single article. Among the millions of animal species, this article reviewed various forms of aquatic locomotion in arthropods including relevant bio-inspired robots. Despite some previous robotics research inspired by aquatic arthropods, we found that many less-investigated or even unexplored areas are still present. Therefore, this article has been prepared to identify what types of new robotics research can be carried out after drawing inspiration from the aquatic locomotion of arthropods and to provide fruitful insights that may lead us to develop an agile and efficient aquatic robot.
Select Practices in Management and Rehabilitation of Burns: A Survey Report

The purpose of this study is to document the organization and current practices in physical rehabilitation across burn centers. An online survey developed for the specific purposes of this study sought information regarding a) logistics of the burn center; b) inpatient and outpatient treatment of patients with burn injury; and c) specific protocols in the treatment of a few complications secondary to burn injuries. Of the 159 responses received, 115 were received from the United States, 20 from Australia, 16 from Canada, and 7 from New Zealand. The overall sample included responses from 76 physical therapists (PTs) and 78 occupational therapists. Seventy-three of those surveyed considered themselves primarily a burn therapist. Nurses (86%) were reported as primarily responsible for wound care of inpatients, followed by wound care technicians (24%). Ninety-seven percent of the therapists reported following their own treatment plans. The trunk and areas of head and neck were treated by both PTs and occupational therapists, whereas the lower extremities continue to be treated predominantly by PTs. Some common practices regarding treatment of a few complications secondary to burn injuries such as splinting to prevent contractures, treatment of exposed or ruptured extensor tendons, exposed Achilles tendons, heterotopic ossification, postoperative ambulation, conditioning, scar massage, and use of compression garments are described. Opportunities exist for 1) developing a common document for practice guidelines in physical rehabilitation of burns; and 2) conducting collaborative studies to evaluate treatment interventions and outcomes.