Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linkages between the Indian Ocean Dipole and East African Seasonal Rainfall anomalies

This study was designed to understand the nature of the relationship between the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index and seasonal rainfall in East Africa using statistical approaches. The statistical methods used in this study include correlation, regression and composite analyses. Results from the analyses suggested that the pattern in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies manifested during the IOD events have strong signals on the regional climate system during the October to December rainfall season. The study has demonstrated that some of the extreme rainfall conditions over East Africa were associated with positive and negative IOD phases. The linkages were strong during El Nino/La Nina years. Such information will help to improve monitoring, prediction and early warning of extreme rainfall events over east Africa to reduce the vulnerability of the society of the region to negative impacts of extreme rainfall events that are common in the region.
The Sand-Pipe, Created by the Pelecypods : Platyodon nipponica n. sp. And Pholadidea (Penitella) Kamakurensis (Yokoyama)

Title The Sand-Pipe, Created by the Pelecypods : Platyodon nipponica n. sp. And Pholadidea (Penitella) Kamakurensis (Yokoyama) Author(s) Uozumi, Satoru; Fujie, Tsutomu Citation Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy = 北海道大學理學部紀要, 9(3): 351-369 Issue Date 1956-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/35887 Type bulletin File Information 9(3)_351-370.pdf
Have Host Cylindrical in Situ Test (CIST) Data Analysis and Material Model Report

Abstract : CIST 18, conducted at the HAVE HOST Test Site south of Wellton, Arizona, is documented. This documentation begins with a brief description of the fielding of the test event and culminates with the in-situ material models presently being used in the HAVE HOST pretest predictions. Analysis of the data is accomplished and leads to several conclusions on the effect that soil cementation has on the test results. Acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories are found in Appendix A, along with comparisons between the actual data and present material models contained in Appendix B.
Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Positive and Negative Relationships

In our discussion of networks thus far, we have generally viewed the relationships contained in these networks as having positive connotations — links have typically indicated such things as friendship, collaboration, sharing of information, or membership in a group. The terminology of on-line social networks reflects a largely similar view, through its emphasis on the connections one forms with friends, fans, followers, and so forth. But in most network settings, there are also negative effects at work. Some relations are friendly, but others are antagonistic or hostile; interactions between people or groups are regularly beset by controversy, disagreement, and sometimes outright conflict. How should we reason about the mix of positive and negative relationships that take place within a network? Here we describe a rich part of social network theory that involves taking a network and annotating its links (i.e., its edges) with positive and negative signs. Positive links represent friendship while negative links represent antagonism, and an important problem in the study of social networks is to understand the tension between these two forces. The notion of structural balance that we discuss in this chapter is one of the basic frameworks for doing this. In addition to introducing some of the basics of structural balance, our discussion here serves a second, methodological purpose: it illustrates a nice connection between local and global network properties. A recurring issue in the analysis of networked systems is the way in which local effects — phenomena involving only a few nodes at a time — can have global consequences that are observable at the level of the network as a whole. Structural balance offers a way to capture one such relationship in a very clean way, and by purely mathematical analysis: we will consider a simple definition abstractly, and find that it inevitably leads to certain macroscopic properties of the network.
Theorizing Transnational Corporations as Social Actors: An Analysis of Corporate Motivations

An increasing number of firms are engaging in social and environmental initiatives beyond their core business activities. While much has been written about why business should spend resources on social and environmental causes, relatively few studies have systematically addressed the question of why certain companies actually do engage in such activities. A notable exception is literature on the ‘business case’ for corporate social responsibility, which argues that good social and environmental performance will positively affect a company's financial results. The evidence on this link, however, is mixed. Even if there is an economic rationale, it is not clear why some companies engage in social activities while others do not. And, why do many more companies today ‘see’ the business case than in the past? This paper maps out the theoretical terrain exploring this question and categorizes the various existing explanations for corporate social engagement.
An in-depth analysis of the micro topography of the soil crust when affected by rain splash

Within this study it has tried to emphasise the importance of particle size sorting upon the surface. Particle size sorting is associated with the first stages of soil erosion and the early formation of rills and gullies. Within this study it is trying to show whether there is a relationship of the spatial distribution where coarse and small particles are found, and what happens to a soil surface upon a slope angle over a four week period. It was found that over the four week period, that upon the surface of the soil the surface became flatter and the particles upon it became smaller and more sorted over time, although there were no specific characteristics to explain why this had occurred. The experiment was carried out by putting out three trays of soil at different slope angles and exposing them to natural weather conditions for four weeks. Every week the soil samples was taken indoors so that tests could be run on them, which included particle size analysis testing and laser scanning of the soil surface so that microtopographical features could be mapped to see the change upon the soil surface over time. The laser scanning occurred before samples were taken for the particle size analysis, so that the disturbance upon the soil surface was not mapped also. This study is trying to emphasise whether there is a certain soil surface feature which is associated with a particular soil particle size, this is important to know because this may prevent soil erosion if it is known where certain soil particles accumulate.
Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Handbook of Assessment and Maintenance

Introduction. - Impacts and Composition of Urban Stormwater. - Stormwater Treatment Processes. - Stormwater Treatment Practices. - Visual Inspection of Stormwater Treatment Practices. - Capacity Testing of Stormwater Treatment Practices. - Synthetic Runoff Testing of Stormwater Treatment Practices. - Monitoring of Stormwater Treatment Practices. - Water Budget Measurement. - Water Sampling Methods. - Analysis of Water and Soils. - Data Analysis. - Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment Practices.
IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING DEPRESSION IN PRELINGUALLY DEAF PEOPLE : A LITERATURE

Mental health problems can affect anyone, regardless of age, race, gender, or social background. Identifying and assessing mental health problems is essential to ensuring access to appropriate treatment and services. Mental health problems are not diagnosed by blood tests or brain scans. Assessment methods include clinical interviews and the use of standardized measures. However, the majority of such tools have been developed as a result of research with White, middle-class, hearing participants. Misdiagnosis of mental health problems in prelingually deaf people may occur because of communication barriers, different cultural perspectives, or the use of inappropriate assessment measures. It is therefore essential that prelingually deaf people have access to culturally competent clinicians and assessment tools that are culturally sensitive, accessible, and standardized. Generally, research in the field of deafness and mental health has lagged behind psychological research with hearing people. This situation is gradually changing as clinicians and researchers recognize the importance of identifying the mental health needs of deaf people and consider how to proDENTIFYING AND A SSESSING DEPRESSION is essential to ensuring access to appropriate treatment and services. Unfortunately, limited literature exists on identifying and assessing depression in prelingually deaf people. In a literature review, the authors critically examined relevant published studies. The earliest reported information on depression in deaf people was found in historical studies that descriptively evaluated specialist psychiatric services for deaf people. These studies did not accurately reflect the prevalence of depression; reasons for this are discussed. Issues regarding assessment of depression in deaf people, such as communication, use of interpreters, and use of standardized assessments, are examined. Studies that have attempted to overcome these challenges are reviewed, including studies using modified versions of written questionnaires designed for hearing people and studies in which standardized questionnaires were translated and administered in sign. Advantages and disadvantages of different methods are highlighted; recommendations for future research are made. CLAIRE M. CONNOLLY, JOHN ROSE, AND SALLY AUSTEN
Psychometric properties of a color-shape version of the switch task

Abstract The current study aims to examine the psychometric properties of a color-shape version of the switch task. In Study 1, 128 participants completed a battery of standardized measures of executive functions (EFs) as well as the switch task to determine the construct validity of three traditionally computed costs (global, switch, and mixing) and primary variables (accuracy [ACC], reaction time [RT], and inverse efficiency score [IES] of the heterogeneous condition). In Study 2, 48 participants completed the task twice, seven days apart, to evaluate its short-term test-retest reliability. Results do not support the construct validity and the test-retest reliability of switch and mixing costs. The overall higher psychometric properties of the global costs (RT and IES), and primary variables (Hetero RT and IES) suggest that they may be useful measures for clinicians to assess EFs. The latter variables show evidence of convergent validity with standardized measures of EFs and good test-rest reliability (ICC ≥ .68).
Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI) Mass Spectrometric Imaging of the Distribution of Rohitukine in the Seedling of Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook. F

Ambient ionization mass spectrometric imaging of all parts of the seedling of Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook. f (Meliaceae) was performed to reconstruct the molecular distribution of rohitukine (Rh) and related compounds. The species accumulates Rh, a prominent chromone alkaloid, in its seeds, fruits, and stem bark. Rh possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immuno-modulatory properties. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI MSI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis detected Rh as well as its glycosylated, acetylated, oxidized, and methoxylated analogues. Rh was predominantly distributed in the main roots, collar region of the stem, and young leaves. In the stem and roots, Rh was primarily restricted to the cortex region. The identities of the metabolites were assigned based on both the fragmentation patterns and exact mass analyses. We discuss these results, with specific reference to the possible pathways of Rh biosynthesis and translocation during seedling development in D. binectariferum.
STRUCTURAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC AGE CONSTRAINTS OF THE INSKIP FORMATION, EAST RANGE, NEVADA: IMPLICATIONS FOR MESOZOIC TECTONICS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

The following individuals read and discussed the thesis submitted by student Joshua David Wilkins, and they evaluated his presentation and response to questions during the final oral examination. They found that the student passed the final oral examination. ii ABSTRACT Structural, stratigraphic, and U-Pb geochronologic studies of the Inskip Formation of the north-central East Range place new constraints on the depositional age of the Inskip Formation and the timing of contractional deformation in the East Range, including Golconda thrusting. The Inskip Formation was initially considered Permian in age and to rest unconformably on the Valmy (or Leach) Formation (Ferguson et al., 1951). Later mapping by Whitbread (1978, 1994) divided the formation into the Upper and Lower Inskip Formation, both of which were inferred to be Mississippian in age. Later reinterpretation of Whitebread's (1994) work and new paleontological data revised the age of the Inskip Formation as Permian through the Devonian, and interpreted the Upper and Lower Inskip Formation as facies of the Havallah sequence (Ketner et al., 2000, 2008). The current study retains the use of Upper and Lower Inskip Formation for discussion and their use as distinct tectono-stratigraphic units; however, the new data from the study have led to a significantly revised interpretation of what the units represent. only assigned the northern most section of the Inskip Formation to the Havallah sequence and separated it from the rest of the Inskip Formation by a thrust fault, and Ketner et al. The Upper Inskip Formation lies unconformably over the Lower Inskip Formation and contains amphibolite/greenstone, phyllite, and quartzite, with lesser amounts of limestone and some felsic volcanic deposits. Only one fossil has been identified in the Upper Inskip Formation and it yielded an age of Permian (Ketner et al., 2000). However, new U-Pb zircon geochronology of a tuff (sample 08JW534) collected in the Upper Inskip Formation yielded an age of Early Triassic (249.08 +/-0.14 Ma). Due to the new radiometric age control and similarity of lithostratigraphy, the Upper Inskip Formation is correlated with the Limerick Member of the Koipato Group. The Golconda Thrust places upper Paleozoic Havallah sequence basinal rocks on top of lower Paleozoic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and its overlap sequence, while the Koipato Group rests unconformably on the Havallah sequence (Silberling et al., 1962). With the new age data and assignment of the Lower Inskip Formation to the Havallah sequence and the Upper Inskip Formation …
European LeukemiaNet recommendations from an international expert panel , on behalf of the Diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia in adults :

Tallman, Bob Löwenberg and Clara D. Bloomfield Tomoki Naoe, Dietger Niederwieser, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Miguel A. Sanz, Jorge Sierra, Martin S. Burnett, Hervé Dombret, Pierre Fenaux, David Grimwade, Richard A. Larson, Francesco Lo-Coco, Hartmut Döhner, Elihu H. Estey, Sergio Amadori, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Thomas Büchner, Alan K. European LeukemiaNet recommendations from an international expert panel, on behalf of the Diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia in adults:
Contributions à la simulation numérique et à la modélisation mathématique de problèmes issus de la physique des plasmas

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Contributions à la simulation numérique et à la modélisation mathématique de problèmes issus de la physique des plasmas Jacek Narski
ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ

BitTorrent has been one of the most effective mechanisms for P2P content distribution in recent years. Although BitTorrent was created for distribution of time insensitive content, in this work it is shown that with minimal changes BitTorrent can support streaming. The importance of this streaming capability is that the peer may have the ability of watching the video before the complete download of the file. This way, the peer can evaluate the quality of the video content early and decide if this particular video is worth spending time and resources. The research was conducted using our full featured and extensible implementation of BitTorrent for the Omnet++ simulation environment developed in the Mobile Multimedia Laboratory of Athens University of Economics and Business. The implementation includes modifications in the BitTorrent piece selection strategy, giving higher download priority to pieces that are close to be reproduced by the player, in contrast to the original rarest-first BitTorrent policy. This was achieved by using a sliding window containing the pieces to be played next and by awarding them a higher download priority than the rest of the remaining pieces. Whenever a piece does not meet the player's deadline, it is considered as missed and it is not downloaded. In the simulation scenarios missed pieces for each peer are counted; this is the most critical parameter for proper video streaming, and with this metric we came up with our results.
The Successful Application of Natural Language Processing for Information Retrieval

In this paper, a novel model for monolingual Information Retrieval in English and Spanish language is proposed. This model uses Natural Language Processing techniques (a POStagger, a Partial Parser, and an Anaphora Resolver) in order to improve the precision of traditional IR systems, by means of indexing the “entities” and the “relations” between these entities in the documents. This model is evaluated on both the Spanish and English CLEF corpora. For the English queries, there is a maximum increase of 35.11% in the average precision. For the Spanish queries, the maximum increase is 37.18%.
Atomic structure and excitation cross section by electron impact of tungsten ions, W38+

Excitation energies, radiative rates, and cross sections of tungsten ions (W38+) by electron impact have been calculated using the multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock and R-matrix methods for a configuration state list, which consists of 4 p 6 , 4 p 5 4 l , and 4 p 4 4 l 2 , l = d and f. A set of configuration state functions with double excitations up to 5l orbitals have been included within the calculations of energy levels and transition probabilities. R-matrix calculations of collision strength and cross section have been executed for the intercombination transitions between 4 p 6 , 4 p 5 4d, and 4p54f. Resonance collision strengths have been observed at low energies of incident electrons in the range of ∼5−40 Ryd; however, the strong lines limited between 12−25 Ryd. To estimate the accuracy of the calculated energy levels and transition probabilities, comparisons with experimental observations and theoretical calculations are presented, and between different methods for collision strengths and cross sections, as well.
Thermobarometry of Ca-amphibole in a Typical Low-temperature I-type Granite from Kashmar, Iran

Fine tuned signal phase adjustments are provided by multiple cascaded phase mixers. Each phase mixer outputs a signal having a phase between the phases of its two input signals. With each subsequent stage of phase mixers, the signals generated by the phase mixers have a smaller phase difference, thereby providing finer delay adjustments. Multiple stages of phase mixers can be provided in digital delay-locked loop circuitry to provide additional hierarchical delay adjustment.
Novel Physical Layer Authentication Techniques for Secure Wireless Communications

Due to the open nature of radio propagation, information security in wireless communications has been facing more challenges compared to its counterpart in wired networks. Authentication, defined as an important aspect of information security, is the process of verifying the identity of transmitters to prevent against spoofing attacks. Traditionally, secure wireless communications is achieved by relying solely upon higher layer cryptographic mechanisms. However, cryptographic approaches based on complex mathematical calculations are inefficient and vulnerable to various types of attacks. Recently, researchers have shown that the unique properties of wireless channels can be exploited for authentication enhancement by providing additional security protection against spoofing attacks. Motivated by the vulnerability of existing higher-layer security techniques and the security advantages provided by exploring the physical link properties, this study proposes five novel physical layer authentication techniques to enhance the security performance of wireless systems. In order to effectively and efficiently detect spoofing attacks in multipath fading environments, both spatial and temporal information of the signal propagation environment can be exploited to provide a comprehensive analysis for improving authentication performance. A robust channel-based authentication scheme is proposed by using the unique properties of channel impulse response (CIR) and monitoring the difference between two adjacent CIRs under a binary hypothesis testing. In fast fading environments, the reliability of CIR-based authentication is challenged by the fast channel variation. In order to solve the problem of unreliable spoofing detection, we exploit a long-range channel predictor to predict future CIRs in order to enhance the authentication performance. Multiple observations of CIR difference are used to form the final decision in the authentication process. In practice, the performance of channelbased physical layer authentication mechanisms is substantially degraded due to the large channel variation induced by the environmental changes and terminal mobility. In order to address this issue, we integrate additional multipath delay characteristics into the channel-based authentication framework, and propose an enhanced physical layer authentication scheme based on a two dimensional quantization method. Furthermore, since the feasibility of traditional channel-based physical layer security schemes is hampered by the severe channel conditions, a novel physical layer authentication scheme is
Repo runs: Evidence from the tri-party repo market

This paper provides a detailed description of the U.S. tri-party repurchase market, a key source of short-term funding for securities dealers and a market that played an important role in the recent financial crisis. The institutional details of this market are first explained. Then using confidential data from July 2008 to January 2010, the authors provide a quantitative account of the tri-party repurchase market during the financial crisis. We document that the level of haircuts and the amount of funding were surprisingly stable in this market, even for securities dealers who suffered adverse shocks. A notable exception is Lehman Brothers, for which we document a sudden and rapid decrease in collateral financed in the tri-party repurchase market. The stability of haircuts in the tri-party repurchase market contrasts with evidence from the bilateral repurchase market, in which haircuts increased sharply (as shown in Gorton and Metrick (2011)).