Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planets Across Space and Time (PAST) IV: The Occurrence and Architecture of Kepler Planetary Systems as a Function of Kinematic Age Revealed by the LAMOST-Gaia-Kepler Sample

One of the fundamental questions in astronomy is how planetary systems form and evolve. Measuring the planetary occurrence and architecture as a function of time directly addresses this question. In the fourth paper of the Planets Across Space and Time (PAST) series, we investigate the occurrence and architecture of Kepler planetary systems as a function of kinematic age by using the LAMOST-Gaia-Kepler sample. To isolate the age effect, other stellar properties (e.g., metallicity) have been controlled. We find the following results. (1) The fraction of stars with Kepler-like planets ($F_{\text{Kep}}$) is about 50% for all stars; no significant trend is found between $F_{\text{Kep}}$ and age. (2) The average planet multiplicity ($\bar{N}_p$) exhibits a decreasing trend (~2$\sigma$ significance) with age. It decreases from $\bar{N}_p$~3 for stars younger than 1 Gyr to $\bar{N}_p$~1.8 for stars about 8 Gyr. (3) The number of planets per star ($\eta=F_{\text{Kep}}\times\bar{N}_p$) also shows a decreasing trend (~2-3$\sigma$ significance). It decreases from $\eta$~1.6-1.7 for young stars to $\eta$~1.0 for old stars. (4) The mutual orbital inclination of the planets ($\sigma_{i,k}$) increases from $1.2^{+1.4}_{-0.5}$ to $3.5^{+8.1}_{-2.3}$ as stars aging from 0.5 to 8 Gyr with a best fit of $\log{\sigma_{i,k}}=0.2+0.4\times\log{\frac{\text{Age}}{\text{1Gyr}}}$. Interestingly, the Solar System also fits such a trend. The nearly independence of $F_{\text{Kep}}$~50% on age implies that planet formation is robust and stable across the Galaxy history. The age dependence of $\bar{N}_p$ and $\sigma_{i,k}$ demonstrates planetary architecture is evolving, and planetary systems generally become dynamically hotter with fewer planets as they age.
Fish Remains, Mostly Otoliths, from the Non-Marine Early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fish remains described from the early Miocene lacustrine Bannockburn Formation of Central Otago, New Zealand, consist of several thousand otoliths and one skeleton plus another disintegrated skull. One species, Mataichthys bictenatus Schwarzhans, Scofield, Tennyson, and T. Worthy gen. et sp. nov., an eleotrid, is established on a skeleton with otoliths in situ. The soft embedding rock and delicate, three-dimensionally preserved fish bones were studied by CT-scanning technology rather than physical preparation, except where needed to extract the otolith. Fourteen species of fishes are described, 12 new to science and two in open nomenclature, representing the families Galaxiidae (Galaxias angustiventris, G. bobmcdowalli, G. brevicauda, G. papilionis, G. parvirostris, G. tabidus), Retropinnidae (Prototroctes modestus, P. vertex), and Eleotridae (Mataichthys bictenatus, M. procerus, M. rhinoceros, M. taurinus). These findings prove that most of the current endemic New Zealand/southern Australia freshwater fish fauna was firmly established in New Zealand as early as 19–16 Ma ago. Most fish species indicate the presence of large fishes, in some cases larger than Recent species of related taxa, for instance in the eleotrid genus Mataichthys when compared to the extant Gobiomorphus. The finding of a few otoliths from marine fishes corroborates the age determination of the Bannockburn Formation as the Altonian stage of the New Zealand marine Tertiary stratigraphy.
GAR-meets-RAG Paradigm for Zero-Shot Information Retrieval

Given a query and a document corpus, the information retrieval (IR) task is to output a ranked list of relevant documents. Combining large language models (LLMs) with embedding-based retrieval models, recent work shows promising results on the zero-shot retrieval problem, i.e., no access to labeled data from the target domain. Two such popular paradigms are generation-augmented retrieval or GAR (generate additional context for the query and then retrieve), and retrieval-augmented generation or RAG (retrieve relevant documents as context and then generate answers). The success of these paradigms hinges on (i) high-recall retrieval models, which are difficult to obtain in the zero-shot setting, and (ii) high-precision (re-)ranking models which typically need a good initialization. In this work, we propose a novel GAR-meets-RAG recurrence formulation that overcomes the challenges of existing paradigms. Our method iteratively improves retrieval (via GAR) and rewrite (via RAG) stages in the zero-shot setting. A key design principle is that the rewrite-retrieval stages improve the recall of the system and a final re-ranking stage improves the precision. We conduct extensive experiments on zero-shot passage retrieval benchmarks, BEIR and TREC-DL. Our method establishes a new state-of-the-art in the BEIR benchmark, outperforming previous best results in Recall@100 and nDCG@10 metrics on 6 out of 8 datasets, with up to 17% relative gains over the previous best.
Cordilleran deformation along the eastern edge of the Valles–San Luis Potosí carbonate platform, Sierra Madre Oriental fold-thrust belt, east-central Mexico

The eastern margin of the Cretaceous Valles–San Luis Potosi carbonate platform (Hidalgo, Queretaro, and San Luis Potosi States) became activated during the formation of the Sierra Madre Oriental fold-thrust belt. A series of thrust sheets, with a minimum linear shortening of 3 to 4 km each and 10 to 12 km in total, formed where the platform edge was approximately normal to the greatest principal stress trajectories, as deduced from fold axes. A tear fault developed where the platform edge formed an acute angle with the same stress trajectories. The overthrusts cut across the competent layers of the Lower Cretaceous on tectonic ramps that dip >10° and became partly steepened by subsequent imbrication or folding. In the mechanically weak Upper Cretaceous rocks, the thrust faults are nearly parallel to bedding for several kilometres. The location of the thrusts is controlled mainly by the lithological and thickness change of the middle Cretaceous rocks from an orthotropically layered basin facies into a two to five times thicker homogeneous platform–edge assemblage. The bank margin was a zone of stress concentration. The magnitude of the horizontal tectonic components which caused the deformation may have changed by a factor of two to five across the platform margin, due to the change in cross-sectional area. Oblique and layer-parallel discrete shears and subordinate tectonic stylolites appear to have been the dominant deformational mechanisms. The rocks did not suffer any measurable penetrative ductile deformation; ooids present at the base of the Xilitla Thrust are unflattened but are marked by a closely spaced stylolitic cleavage perpendicular to bedding. The deformations are bracketed by the paleontological age of the youngest strata affected by the overthrusts (Globotruncana contusa planktonic foraminiferal zone) and by the isotopic age of a post-tectonic pluton (62.2 Ma) and are thus of late Maastrichtian/Paleocene age.
Active Disturbance Rejection Decoupling Control for Independent-Metering Electro-Hydraulic System With Online Compensation Information

Aiming at the problems of complex operating conditions, large load disturbance, strong coupling of pressure and position control subsystems, and time-varying parameters of independent metering electro-hydraulic servo system (IMEHSS), an active disturbance rejection decoupling (ADRC) control method with online compensation information is proposed in this paper. In this study, the internal coupling of subsystems is treated as the part of total disturbances, and decoupling control is realized by estimating and compensating the total disturbance through extended state observer. In position control subsystem, the cylinder dynamic changes caused by the inlet chamber flow rate of cylinder and the deviation of the nominal calculated flow rate from actual calculated flow rate are calculated in real time. And these calculated values are compensated to the controller as online information to improve the control accuracy and the disturbance rejection ability of position control. By calculating the cylinder velocity in real time to obtain the effect of cylinder speed on the change of return chamber pressure and compensating it into the controller to improve the return chamber pressure control accuracy. The online information compensation method presented in this paper reduces the amount of total disturbance and thus reduces the burden of extended state observer. At the same time, this method can realize the proportional relationship between the regulation parameters and control signals in the passive pressure control subsystem, which simplifies the tuning process of parameters. Finally, to verify the effectiveness and rationality of the method, simulations and experiments are carried out.
Children's participatory design for sustainable development and community planning

The urban developments have been carried out by only professionals for a long time because of efficiency and safety. However, most residents are ordinary people. Therefore, it is necessary to change the awareness of sustainable living environments, not only on the construction side but also the residents. In recent years, the number of cases of residents' participation in planning, maintaining, and repairing increased. However, sometimes youths and children, who might spend a lifetime longer than adults in a city after the developments have been done, are not included in this "Residents". Concerning youth and children's participation, CFC (child friendly city) is one of the good practices for sustainable development. It was launched by UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) and UN-Habitat in the Habitat II in 1996. City governments, especially in European countries, started to view CFC as their key concept for preservation and/or sustainable development. CFC means not only being "Children" friendly but also "All people" friendly. Various effects have been reported since the Historic Cities/districts included CFC in their city planning as a common concept, especially in education, community re-development, and operation and maintenance by the community. It is expected that better city planning in preservation and sustainable development can be achieved by adding CFC concept. In this research, an ideal way of city planning involving resident participation and the possibility in the future are analyzed based on case studies. Then a strategy of sustainable development and community planning involving youth and children's participation is proposed.
outputs ’ Planned ’ and ’ unplanned ’ pregnancy : deconstructing experiences of conception Journal Item

This paper seeks to explore women’s experiences of conception, and to deconstruct the dichotomy between the terms “planned” and “unplanned” pregnancy. It draws on interviews with 19 primagravidae conducted as part of a wider qualitative study of women’s experiences of pregnancy and childbirth. Although the concept of pregnancy intention is widely regarded as ambiguous, and by some immeasurable, this paper draws on interview data to develop four categories of pregnancy intention. The first category [the planned pregnancy] is unambiguous and reflects the type of planned approach currently advocated by health professionals. The second category [the laissez-faire pregnancy] reflects the experiences of women who stop using contraception but adopt a more relaxed approach to pregnancy planning. The third category [the recalcitrant pregnancy] is far more ambiguous and describes the experiences of those who want to be pregnant but for whom it would not be socially acceptable to plan a pregnancy. The final category [the accidental pregnancy] is unambiguous and deals with pregnancies that could be described as unexpected, and arising due to genuine contraceptive failure. This paper concludes by highlighting the significance of pregnancy intention for health policy, health research, and for the health care providers. The importance of adopting a subjective approach to improve our understanding of women’s experiences of conception is also highlighted. “Planned” and “Unplanned” Pregnancy: deconstructing experiences of conception Sarah Earle Introduction The terms “planned” and “unplanned” pregnancy are commonly used in health policy, health services and health research as descriptors of pregnancy intention, yet previous research has highlighted that these terms are, in fact, extremely ambiguous (Barrett & Wellings, 2002). Sable (1999) concurs with this, and argues that intendedness is probably too complex a concept even to measure. However, others suggest that in spite of its complexity, there are important reasons for why researchers should continue their efforts to understand these terms (Bachrach and Newcomer, 1999; Joyce et al., 2000; Santelli et al., 2003). Using data from a qualitative research study on women’s experiences of the pregnancy process (Earle, 1998), this paper seeks to explore women’s experiences of conception and deconstruct the dichotomy between the “planned” and “unplanned” pregnancy. Whilst recognising that the concept of pregnancy intention is an ambiguous one, this paper draws on interview data to develop a four-fold typology of pregnancy intention: the planned pregnancy; the laissez-faire pregnancy; the recalcitrant pregnancy; and, the accidental pregnancy. The intention here is not to provide health professionals with a new taxonomy into which individual women can be placed but simply to examine how a subjective approach can expose the false dichotomy between “planned” and “unplanned” pregnancies.
Estimation of Semiconductor Power Losses Through Automatic Thermal Modeling

The optimal design of power converters requires accurate knowledge of the dissipation elements of its system to achieve the desired performance and security requirements. Calorimetric methods have surpassed classical electrical methods for the estimation of semiconductor power losses but have mechanical limitations and resort to analytical electrothermal equivalent circuits for this task. These electrothermal models are highly dependent on the topology and technology used on the power converter leading to either simplifications that underestimate the thermal effects or intractable sets of differential equations. To overcome these issues, we propose a novel data-driven identification method to characterize the thermal dynamics of power converters allowing the designer to obtain semiconductor total power losses only by means of temperature measurements without the need of a calorimeter. Given a set of power vs.temperature profiles, our solution identifies the linear model that best fits the data. The solution is based on an optimization problem that allows not only accurate identification but also coding of the desired modeling requirements, such as dynamics' invertibility to allow the estimation of power losses from the temperature profiles. The proposed methodology can be applied to any power converter topology. Furthermore, by obtaining a linear model, standard control theory techniques can be exploited to analyze and control the thermal dynamics. Real experiments validate the generality and accuracy of the proposal.
Factors affecting advertising in Indonesian adult and juvenile bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus)

Inter-specific cooperative relationships are important in the behaviour of a variety of animals and often involve a mutually beneficial interaction. This study assessed the behavioural pattern known as 'advertising' in the bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) that remove ectoparasites from other species around Hoga Island, Indonesia. Advertising is the rocking dance that the cleaner performs, which may advertise their services to client fish. The ecological and behavioural factors influencing this behaviour have never been studied despite being of great importance in cleaning interactions. The factors assessed in the present study determined what effects time of day, location, reef position, life stage, client number, client size and interaction duration, had on advertising duration. The significant factors in determining advertising duration were that of life stage, where juveniles advertised significantly more than their adult counterparts (Mann -Whitney U-test: U ¼ 7, p � 0.01, N1 ¼ 96, N2 ¼ 96); and reef location (Mann -Whitney U-test: U ¼ 2964.5, p � 0.01, N1 ¼ 96, N2 ¼ 96) where cleaning stations on the reef crest exhibited less advertising than on the flat areas for both life stages. Juveniles are likely to advertise more due to the decreased client size and number seen at the juveniles' stations, as well as the presence of mimics. Reef location is important as the reef crest allows more access to transient clients, hence a reduction in advertising duration. Life stage and location should be explored in future studies as significant factors in the behavioural ecology of cleaner -client interactions.
Reward Finetuning for Faster and More Accurate Unsupervised Object Discovery

Recent advances in machine learning have shown that Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) can improve machine learning models and align them with human preferences. Although very successful for Large Language Models (LLMs), these advancements have not had a comparable impact in research for autonomous vehicles -- where alignment with human expectations can be imperative. In this paper, we propose to adapt similar RL-based methods to unsupervised object discovery, i.e. learning to detect objects from LiDAR points without any training labels. Instead of labels, we use simple heuristics to mimic human feedback. More explicitly, we combine multiple heuristics into a simple reward function that positively correlates its score with bounding box accuracy, \ie, boxes containing objects are scored higher than those without. We start from the detector's own predictions to explore the space and reinforce boxes with high rewards through gradient updates. Empirically, we demonstrate that our approach is not only more accurate, but also orders of magnitudes faster to train compared to prior works on object discovery.
Scaling Rhizosphere Respiration and Priming Effect from Single Plants to Field Ecosystems

As commonly recognized, rhizosphere processes regulate major fluxes of energy, nutrients, and water in terrestrial ecosystems. However, mostly because of methodological limitations, our understanding of rhizosphere processes at the ecosystem level is limited. Most existing results in the literature have been obtained from individual laboratory studies using single plant species. It is widely recognized that extrapolating these existing results from laboratory-scale studies to field ecosystems can be highly unrealistic and potentially erroneous. One approach to address this issue is to search for general patterns across different experimental scales. The main objective of the project has been to address the key research question: are rhizosphere processes scalable among different plant species, different growth conditions in various soil types, and at different temporal and spatial scales? We have aimed to find the answer to this research question by testing two hypotheses: (1) rhizosphere respiration rate scales isometrically with live root N content, and this scaling relation is independent of plant taxonomic groupings or growth conditions; and (2) there exists an invariant scaling relationship between the rate of rhizosphere-primed soil organic matter decomposition and live root N content, live root biomass, and /or plant productivity when plants are grown in similar soils.
Energy Efficiency Analysis and Optimization for Millimeter-Wave MIMO With Variable-Resolution ADCs

In millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the surge in hardware cost and power consumption poses a huge challenge to green communication. Considering the high power consumption of the radio frequency (RF) module, we aim to design a high energy-efficient uplink multi-users (MU) communication system by applying variable-resolution analog to digital converters (ADC). Firstly, a closed-form expression for the spectrum efficiency (SE) in terms of the quantization resolution of ADC is derived under hybrid beamforming (HBF) and fully digital beamforming (FDBF) architectures, respectively. We find explicit energy efficiency (EE) expressions and investigate the main factors affecting EE under two kinds of architectures. For HBF, a novel finding is that adding the number of RF chains for a fixed number of transmit data streams can effectively mitigate the quantization distortion introduced by low-resolution ADCs. Furthermore, an EE maximization problem involving joint optimization of ADC bit selection and power allocation between MU for the HBF system is formulated. Based on the concept of block coordinate ascent (BCA), we subdivide the original problem into two subproblems. The first subproblem involves power allocation, which has been reformulated as a convex problem using an equivalent quadratic transformation. The second subproblem tackles ADC bit selection, for which we propose a low-complexity search scheme that achieves performance approaching that of an exhaustive search. The simulation results demonstrate the high accuracy of the derived closed-form expression, which supports the EE analysis. The proposed EE maximization scheme has a fast convergence rate and achieves higher EE compared to existing benchmark technologies.
An Analysis of ENSO Prediction Skill in the CFS Retrospective Forecasts

The present study documents the so-called spring prediction and persistence barriers in association with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) retrospective forecasts. It is found that the spring prediction and persistence barriers in the eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) are preceded by a boreal winter barrier in the western equatorial Pacific zonal wind stress. The time of the persistence barrier is closely related to the time of the ENSO phase transition, but may differ from the time of the lowest variance. The seasonal change of the signal-to-noise ratio cannot explain the persistence barrier. While the noise may lead to a drop of skill around boreal spring in the western equatorial Pacific zonal wind stress, its impacts on the skill of eastern equatorial Pacific SST is small. The equatorial Pacific zonal winds display an excessive response to ENSO-related SST anomalies, which leads to a longer persistence in the equatorial Pacific thermocline depth anomalies and a delayed transition of the eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies. This provides an interpretation for the prediction skill drop in boreal spring in the eastern equatorial Pacific SST. The results suggest that improving the atmospheric model wind response to SST anomalies may reduce the spring prediction barrier.
Finite-Temperature Instantons from First Principles

We derive the finite-temperature quantum-tunneling rate from first principles. The rate depends on both real- and imaginary-time; we demonstrate that the relevant instantons should therefore be defined on a Schwinger-Keldysh contour, and how the familiar Euclidean-time result arises from it in the limit of large physical times. We generalize previous results for general initial states, and identify distinct behavior in the high- and low-temperature limits, incorporating effects from background fields. We construct a consistent perturbative scheme that incorporates large finite-temperature effects.