Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domain-retargetable reverse engineering. II. Personalized user interfaces

For pt. I see ibid. p. 142-51, 1993 (S.R. Tilley et al.). The user interface is an integral part of any application. This is especially true for reverse engineering environments, since the understanding process depends both on the user's specific cognitive abilities and on the palette of tools accessible through the interface. Because software engineers approach program understanding in so many different ways, it is impossible to predict what they want from the supporting environment in all situations. Therefore, the user interface should be malleable and customizable. By having such a personalizable user interface, users can adapt the environment to their particular needs and "taste", while still maintaining a common "look and feel". <<ETX>>
The effect of unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy on the kinematics of the reach to grasp movement

OBJECTIVE to assess postoperative effects of unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy on the organisation of upper limb movement. METHODS A three dimensional kinematic system (ELITE, B∣T∣S∣ Italy) was used to record reach to grasp movements to objects of either small (0.7 cm) or large (8 cm) diameter placed at a reaching distance of either 20 or 30 cm. Four patients with Parkinson’s disease were assessed in “off” (12 hours without medication) and “on” (1 hour after administration of medication) preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS Duration of the movement and the time spent in arm deceleration were significantly reduced after surgery. However, movement patterning according to object size was adversely affected. Postoperatively, all four patients showed an abnormal pattern of a longer movement duration, and three showed a longer time of reaching arm deceleration, for reach to grasp movements to the large object than for those to the small object. CONCLUSION Posteroventral pallidotomy seems to be beneficial in reducing bradykinesia of upper limb movements but may have “costs” to movement patterning, particularly for reach to grasp movements to objects of differing sizes. This study raises interesting questions about the role of the globus pallidus interna in coordinating stimulus bound visual information with appropriate motor patterning.
Structural Brain Network Reorganization and Social Cognition Related to Adverse Perinatal Condition from Infancy to Early Adolescence

Adverse conditions during fetal life have been associated to both structural and functional changes in neurodevelopment from the neonatal period to adolescence. In this study, connectomics was used to assess the evolution of brain networks from infancy to early adolescence. Brain network reorganization over time in subjects who had suffered adverse perinatal conditions is characterized and related to neurodevelopment and cognition. Three cohorts of prematurely born infants and children (between 28 and 35 weeks of gestational age), including individuals with a birth weight appropriated for gestational age and with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), were evaluated at 1, 6, and 10 years of age, respectively. A common developmental trajectory of brain networks was identified in both control and IUGR groups: network efficiencies of the fractional anisotropy (FA)-weighted and normalized connectomes increase with age, which can be related to maturation and myelination of fiber connections while the number of connections decreases, which can be associated to an axonal pruning process and reorganization. Comparing subjects with or without IUGR, a similar pattern of network differences between groups was observed in the three developmental stages, mainly characterized by IUGR group having reduced brain network efficiencies in binary and FA-weighted connectomes and increased efficiencies in the connectome normalized by its total connection strength (FA). Associations between brain networks and neurobehavioral impairments were also evaluated showing a relationship between different network metrics and specific social cognition-related scores, as well as a higher risk of inattention/hyperactivity and/or executive functional disorders in IUGR children.
ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON SYNAPTIC COMPLEXES FROM RAT BRAIN

A fraction enriched in synaptic complexes has been isolated from rat brain. The major structural elements of synaptic complexes after isolation are a sector of pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes joined together by a synaptic cleft and a postsynaptic density (PSD) located on the inner surface of the postsynaptic membrane. On its outer surface, the postsynaptic membrane has a series of projections which extend about halfway into the cleft and which occur along the entire length of the PSD. Proteolytic enzymes at high concentrations remove the PSD and open the synaptic cleft; at low concentrations the PSD is selectively destroyed. By contrast, the structural integrity of the PSD is resistant to treatment with NaCl, EGTA, and low concentrations of urea. Pre- and postsynaptic membranes also remain joined by the synaptic cleft after NaCl, EGTA, or mild urea treatment. High concentrations of urea cause the partial dissociation of the PSD. We conclude that polypeptides are probably one of the major components of the PSD and that the structural integrity of the PSD depends on polypeptides because disruption of the covalent or hydrophobic bonding of these polypeptides leads to a progressive loss of PSD structure.
Preventing Ventilator-Associated Lung Injury: A Perioperative Perspective

Introduction Research into the prevention of ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has resulted in the development of a number of lung protective strategies, which have become commonplace in the treatment of critically ill patients. An increasing number of studies have applied lung protective ventilation in the operating room to otherwise healthy individuals. We review the history of lung protective strategies in patients with acute respiratory failure and explore their use in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia. We aim to provide context for a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of lung protective ventilation, as well as to inform future areas of research. Methods We completed a database search and reviewed articles investigating lung protective ventilation in both the ICU and in patients receiving general anesthesia through May 2015. Results Lung protective ventilation was associated with improved outcomes in patients with acute respiratory failure in the ICU. Clinical evidence is less clear regarding lung protective ventilation for patients undergoing surgery. Conclusion Lung protective ventilation strategies, including low tidal volume ventilation and moderate positive end-expiratory pressure, are well established therapies to minimize lung injury in critically ill patients with and without lung disease, and may provide benefit to patients undergoing general anesthesia.
A CRF Sequence Labeling Approach to Chinese Punctuation Prediction

This paper presents a conditional random fields based labeling approach to Chinese punctuation prediction. To this end, we first reformulate Chinese punctuation prediction as a multiple-pass labeling task on a sequence of words, and then explore various features from three linguistic levels, namely words, phrase and functional chunks for punctuation prediction under the framework of conditional random fields. Our experimental results on the Tsinghua Chinese Treebank show that using multiple deeper linguistic features and multiple-pass labeling consistently improves performance.
A quadratic optimisation approach for shading and specularity recovery from a single image

In this paper we present a method to recover the shading and specularities in the scene from a single image. The method presented here is based on the dichromatic model and enforces a local smoothness assumption over the object surfaces in the scene. This naturally leads to a setting where the estimate of the shading at a particular pixel can be expressed in terms of its neighbours up to a pair of Gaussian kernels accounting for the irradiance similarity between pixels and their spatial proximity on the image plane. This yields a quadratic cost function for both, the specular coefficient and the shading factor of the dicromatic model which can be solved using gradient descent. We show results for both, specular highlight recovery and shading estimation and compare them against a number of alternatives.
Low‐radiative‐efficiency accretion in the nuclei of elliptical galaxies

ABSTRA C T The discovery of hard X-ray emission from a sample of six nearby elliptical galaxies, including the dominant galaxies of the Virgo, Fornax and Centaurus clusters (M87, NGC 1399 and NGC 4696, respectively), and NGC 4472, 4636 and 4649 in the Virgo cluster, has important implications for the study of quiescent supermassive black holes. We describe how the broad-band spectral energy distributions for these galaxies, which accrete from their hot gaseous haloes at rates comparable to their Bondi rates, can be explained by low-radiativeefficiency accretion flows in which a significant fraction of the mass, angular momentum and energy is removed from the flows by winds. The observed suppression of the synchrotron components in the radio band (excluding the case of M87) and the systematically hard X-ray spectra, which are interpreted as thermal bremsstrahlung emission, support the conjecture that significant mass outflow is a natural consequence of systems accreting at low radiative efficiencies. We briefly discuss an alternative model for the observed X-ray emission, in which it is due to non-thermal synchrotron-self-Compton processes in the accretion flows, or outflows. This appears to require implausibly weak magnetic fields. Emission from a collimated jet viewed off-axis should be distinguishable from the bremsstrahlung model by variability and thermal line emission studies. We argue that the difference in radiative efficiency between the nuclei of spiral and elliptical galaxies may arise from the different manner in which interstellar gas is fed into the nuclei. In ellipticals, matter fed from the hot (slowly cooling) interstellar medium (ISM) is likely to be highly magnetized and have low specific angular momentum, which favours low-radiativeefficiency accretion solutions and, possibly, the formation of the observed jets.
Cyberdemocracy: Technology, Cities and Civic Networks

From the Publisher: Cyberdemocracy is a study of the potential for "electronic democracy" through the examination of case studies in US and European cities and civic projects. It aims to strike a balance between enthusiastic and dismissive approaches to "electronic democracy. " The authors consider the impact of new technology with regard to the history of broadcasting and communications technology--in particular, the ways in which the principles and requirements of public service and universal access will, or will not be maintained. This is a vigorous contribution to a vital debate about the state of democracy and the impact of communications technology. It will be essential reading for both students and policy makers. (WIRED)
Adaptive disturbance compensation in delayed linear systems: Internal model approach

Two algorithms of adaptive disturbance compensation for a class of linear plants with input delay are proposed. The disturbance is represented as the output of linear exosystem with known order and unknown parameters. The first algorithm is based on indirect adaptation strategy and implies design of adaptive observer, while the second one exploits the direct adaptation strategy. Delay compensation in the both algorithms is provided via adjustable disturbance model predictor.
Salience Attribution Differences by Dopamine Transporter Genotype

Encoding of salient information is believed to be a key attentional process that facilitates learning by devoting cognitive resources to the most relevant sensory information. This study examined the relationship between a variation of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene, which modulates dopamine transporter expression in the striatum, and performance on two measures of salience, the Salience Attribution Task (SAT) and Learned Irrelevance (LIrr) task. The SAT measures implicit and explicit learning of information made salient by monetary rewards, whereas the LIrr task measures the learning of information made salient by stimulus-response associations. Subjects were either homozygous (10/10) or heterozygous (9/10) for the 10-repeat allele of the DAT genotype. On the SAT, implicit adaptive salience was numerically higher in 9/10 carriers relative to 10/10 carriers, although this result did not achieve statistical significance. Aberrant salience did not differ by genotype. On the LIrr task, both groups exhibited similar amounts of learned irrelevance. These genotypic differences in performance on reward-based behavior but concomitant similarities in stimulus-response association learning indicate that individual differences in DAT activity had differential effects on encoding of salient information selective to motivational function. Attribution of Salience 3
Neonatal outcome of 937 children born after transfer of cryopreserved embryos obtained by ICSI and IVF and comparison with outcome data of fresh ICSI and IVF cycles.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the safety of cryopreservation in combination with IVF and ICSI, prenatal diagnosis and neonatal outcome were investigated in children conceived from frozen-thawed ICSI embryos (cryo ICSI) and frozen-thawed IVF embryos (cryo IVF). Data were also compared with earlier published results from fresh ICSI and IVF embryos. METHODS Questionnaire data and results of physical examination at 2 months of 547 cryo ICSI children and 390 cryo IVF children were compared, and these were also compared with those of infants born after transfer of fresh embryos. RESULTS Birth characteristics were comparable for cryo ICSI and cryo IVF infants. Cryo singletons showed a trend towards higher mean birthweight compared with fresh singletons, in ICSI and IVF, reaching significance when all cryo (ICSI plus IVF) singletons were considered. Low birthweight rate according to multiplicity was comparable between the fresh and the cryo groups, in ICSI and IVF. Non-statistically significantly increased rates of de novo chromosomal anomalies (3.2%) were found in cryo ICSI fetuses/children compared with the fresh ICSI group (1.7%) (OR 1.96; 95% CI 0.92-4.14). Major malformations were more frequently observed in cryo ICSI live borns (6.4%) than in cryo IVF live borns (3.1%) (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.10-4.20) and fresh ICSI live borns (3.4%) (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.31-2.91). CONCLUSIONS In cryo ICSI compared with cryo IVF, prenatal and neonatal outcome results were comparable, except for a higher major malformation rate in the cryo ICSI group. In the total cryo group compared with the total fresh group, we found a higher mean birthweight in singletons and a higher major malformation rate in live borns.
OBDD-Based Planning with Real-Valued Variables in Non-Deterministic Environments

Planning for highly dynamic and uncertain real-world domains is difficult using current planning tools. These domains may be characterized by non-deterministic actions and the need to represent large real-valued state spaces. Classical planning considers only deterministic domains and sidesteps the issue of non-determinism. Real-valued variables are handled by requiring domains to either represent real variables as relative booleans (e.g. using ontable or on-block in the classical blocks world), or to explicitly enumerate each possible value for a real variable (e.g. using at11, at12, at21, at22 for block position in a 2x2 blocks world). The former approach is a lossy transformation where positioning information is lost while the latter is subject to state explosion for large domains. We are developing a planner that can efficiently handle non-determinism and real variables using neither relative values nor explicit enumeration. In doing so, we are leveraging tools and representations from (i) planning and (ii) logic synthesis for computer-aided verification. We propose the use of OBDDs (Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) to deal with the large amounts of space required to represent domains and plans. OBDDs have recently been shown to be effective in modeling nondeterministic domains and provide a concise representation for state diagrams because their size (number of nodes) is not necessarily related to the size of the state space (Cimatti et al., 1998). OBDDs are currently used to represent gate-level logic for logic synthesis and computerverification problems and have a wealth of prior research and tools available for manipulation and searching (Goel et al., 1998). These tools can be extended to handle nondeterminism and real-variable based plan generation. Recent work in the use of un-interpreted functions with OBDDs has outlined a method for modeling and interpreting real variables (Goel et al., 1998). A full explanation of this technique is beyond the scope of this abstract. However, this methodology allows real variables to be used without requiring relative boolean values or explicit enumeration. The real variables are directly represented and used to calculate the satsifiability of the
Leaders of Learning: How District, School, and Classroom Leaders Improve Student Achievement

Why I chose this book: This book brings together two insightful educational thinkers to show you how to truly impact student learning. No single person can accomplish this task. Instead, district leaders, school leaders, and teacher leaders must all work collaboratively, apply research-based practices, and continuously improve their practice in order to meet student needs. While much of the book focuses on professional learning communities (PLCs), you don’t need to have this structure in place to learn a tremendous amount about the power of shared leadership to boost student achievement.
Energy efficient routing protocols for WSN's

Wireless sensor networks (WSN's) rely on various resource constrained nodes with limited energy, range, memory and computational power it is necessary to conserve battery energy so as to extend the life time of the given WSN deployment. In any WSN application measured data is gathered at regular intervals and the same is sent to the Base station (BS) by using neighbouring nodes. By forming clusters of nodes in the WSN, the measured data from the nodes can be aggregated and the aggregated value can be sent towards the BS instead of sending every measurement value and thereby reducing energy consumed by the nodes [5]. By adopting hierarchical routing protocols, it is possible to reduce energy consumption considerably. The basic LEACH based data aggregation approach is extended further for improved energy efficiency. This work deal with two different second-level hierarchical protocols, namely, Two-level LEACH(TL-LEACH) and Directed Diffusion LEACH (DD-LEACH) and a comparison of the same.
Adolescent Victim Experiences of Cyberbullying

This chapter started by introducing a recent research study that disclosed adolescent victim experiences across seven major types of cyberbullying, significant gender and age differences, and reasons for not reporting incidents of cyberbullying to adults. The chapter then related the research findings to major areas in the literature on the nature and forms of cyberbullying in contrast to traditional forms of bullying, its prevalence among school-aged youths, the effects of gender and age on adolescent victim experiences of cyberbullying, and the factors that contribute to adolescent attitude toward reporting cyberbullying incidents to adults. The chapter suggested that future research should further explore issues such as how various types of cyberbullying affect adolescent mental wellbeing, how age and gender affect school-aged youth victim experiences of various forms of cyberbullying, and how professionals and other adults may help adolescents counter cyberbullying.
Cryptography for privacy-preserving electronic services

The paper contains the overview and analysis of modern cryptographic primitives which have a significant potential for the application in privacy-preserving cloud systems. We analyze the primitives for anonymous routing, the group signature schemes, the attribute authentication schemes and homomorphic encryption schemes. All these cryptographic constructions have appeared quite recently, most of them in the last decade. We show where these theoretic constructions can be used in practical systems. Furthermore, we show the architecture of an ideal privacy-preserving cloud system. In such a system, the users are protected against attacks on their data as well as on their digital identity and privacy. Using the privacy-preserving cloud system, the electronic services can be provided more securely and without unauthorized private data leaks. At the same time, the cloud service providers keep complete control over their assets and the accounting of services provided.
Modeling oligopolistic competition in electricity markets with forward contracts

Seit Beginn der Liberalisierung der Elektrizitatsmarkte in Europa Anfang der neunziger Jahre wurden verschiedene Modelle entwickelt, die die Konzerne verwenden um ihre Wettbewerbsfahigkeit zu starken, die auch unter anderem fur die Marktanalyse des jeweiligen Marktes dienen. Diese Diplomarbeit gibt eine Einfuhrung in die verschiedenen Modelle, die zu diesem Zweck verwendet werden. Der erste Teil behandelt unter Einsatz der spieltheoretischen Entwicklungen von John Nash die verschiedenen Strategien der Konzerne auf dem Spotmarkt. Im zweiten Teil stelle ich das Gleichgewichtsmodell fur Angebotsfunktionen und das Cournot-Gleichgewichtsmodell fur den Terminmarkt ohne Nebenbedingungen vor. Zum Schluss befasse ich mich mit dem Terminmarkt unter Einbeziehung von Kapazitatsnebenbedingungen und deren Auswirkungen auf das Marktmodell.
Consistency of Injective Tree Patterns

Testing if an incomplete description of an XML document is consistent, that is, if it describes a real document conforming to the imposed schema, amounts to deciding if a given tree pattern can be matched injectively into a tree accepted by a fixed automaton. This problem can be solved in polynomial time for patterns that use the child relation and the sibling order, but do not use the descendant relation. For general patterns the problem is in NP, but no lower bound has been known so far. We show that the problem is NP-complete already for patterns using only child and descendant relations. The source of hardness turns out to be the interplay between these relations: for patterns using only descendant we give a polynomial algorithm. We also show that the algorithm can be adapted to patterns using descendant and following-sibling, but combining descendant and next-sibling leads to intractability.
FPGA implementation of RSA public-key cryptographic coprocessor

The hardware implementation of the RSA algorithm for public-key cryptography is presented. The algorithm is dependent on the computation of modular exponentials. Critical to this computation is a fast implementation of modular multiplications. A high-performance systolic array architecture for modular multiplication based on the algorithm of Montgomery (1985) is proposed. The design is targeted for implementation in reconfigurable logic, which can yield custom-hardware performance yet maintains all the flexibility of software-based systems. Reconfigurable computing allows the designer to respond, in the prototyping stage, to flaws discovered in implementation or to changes in standards or data formats. We report the issues involved in the preliminary design of the prototype to be fabricated in Altera FLEX10KE series FPGA mounted on a PCI card.