Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The global dust modelling framework THEMIS (The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model for Interstellar Solids)

Here we introduce the interstellar dust modelling framework THEMIS (The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model for Interstellar Solids), which takes a global view of dust and its evolution in response to the local conditions in interstellar media. This approach is built upon a core model that was developed to explain the dust extinction and emission in the diffuse interstellar medium. The model was then further developed to self-consistently include the effects of dust evolution in the transition to denser regions. The THEMIS approach is under continuous development and currently we are extending the framework to explore the implications of dust evolution in HII regions and the photon-dominated regions associated with star formation. We provide links to the THEMIS, DustEM and DustPedia websites where more information about the model, its input data and applications can be found.
Continuation of Periodic Orbits of a Third Order Oscillator under Autonomous Perturbation

Abstract We consider systems of nonlinear third-order differential equations depending on a small parameter such that the unperturbed system has a three dimension manifold of periodic solutions. We impose some conditions on the system in order to reduce the third order perturbed system to the second one. By using Poincare-Andronov-Hopf theorem we prove the existence of many periodic solutions the perturbed system.
Gravitational waves and mass ejecta from binary neutron star mergers: Effect of large eccentricities

S. V. C. was supported by the DFG Research Training Group 1523/2 “Quantum and Gravitational Fields. ” T. D. acknowledges support by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 749145, BNSmergers. N. K. J.-M. acknowledges support from STFC Consolidator Grant No. ST/L000636/1. B. B. was supported by DFG Grant No. BR 2176/5-1. W. T. was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1707227. Also, this work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 690904. This research was supported in part by Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development & Innovation. Computations were performed on the supercomputer SuperMUC at the LRZ (Munich) under the project number pr48pu and on the ARA cluster of the University of Jena.
Monochromatic CT Image Reconstruction from Current-Integrating Data via Deep Learning

In clinical CT, the x-ray source emits polychromatic x-rays, which are detected in the current-integrating mode. This physical process is accurately described by an energy-dependent non-linear integral model on the basis of the Beer-Lambert law. However, the non-linear model is too complicated to be directly solved for the image reconstruction, and is often approximated to a linear integral model in the form of the Radon transform, basically ignoring energy-dependent information. This model approximation would generate inaccurate quantification of attenuation image and significant beam-hardening artifacts. In this paper, we develop a deep-learning-based CT image reconstruction method to address the mismatch of computing model to physical model. Our method learns a nonlinear transformation from big data to correct measured projection data to accurately match the linear integral model, realize monochromatic imaging and overcome beam hardening effectively. The deep-learning network is trained and tested using clinical dual-energy dataset to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology. Results show that the proposed method can achieve a high accuracy of the projection correction with a relative error of less than 0.2%.
Graph Database Solution for Higher-order Spatial Statistics in the Era of Big Data

We present an algorithm for the fast computation of the general N-point spatial correlation functions of any discrete point set embedded within an Euclidean space of . Utilizing the concepts of kd-trees and graph databases, we describe how to count all possible N-tuples in binned configurations within a given length scale, e.g., all pairs of points or all triplets of points with side lengths < rMAX. Through benchmarking, we show the computational advantage of our new graph-based algorithm over more traditional methods. We show measurements of the three-point correlation function up to scales of ∼200 Mpc (beyond the baryon acoustic oscillation scale in physical units) using current Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data. Finally, we present a preliminary exploration of the small-scale four-point correlation function of 568,776 SDSS Constant (stellar) Mass (CMASS) galaxies in the northern Galactic cap over the redshift range of 0.43 < z < 0.7. We present the publicly available code GRAMSCI (GRAph Made Statistics for Cosmological Information; bitbucket.org/csabiu/gramsci), under a Gnu is Not Unix (GNU) General Public License.
Gravity with a dynamical preferred frame

We study a generally covariant model in which local Lorentz invariance is broken "spontaneously" by a dynamical unit timelike vector field $u^a$---the "aether". Such a model makes it possible to study the gravitational and cosmological consequences of preferred frame effects, such as ``variable speed of light" or high frequency dispersion, while preserving a generally covariant metric theory of gravity. In this paper we restrict attention to an action for an effective theory of the aether which involves only the antisymmetrized derivative $\nabla_{[a}u_{b]}$. Without matter this theory is equivalent to a sector of the Einstein-Maxwell-charged dust system. The aether has two massless transverse excitations, and the solutions of the model include all vacuum solutions of general relativity (as well as other solutions). However, the aether generally develops gradient singularities which signal a breakdown of this effective theory. Including the symmetrized derivative in the action for the aether field may cure this problem.
Dark matter in spiral galaxies. III: The Sa galaxies

Analyse des profils de luminosite d'un echantillon de 14 galaxies spirales de type Sa en fonction des courbes de rotation optique mesurees par Rubin et al. (1985). La dynamique du bulbe galactique et les rapports masse-luminosite (du disque et du bulbe) sont utilises pour discuter le comportement des courbes de rotation
DETERMINANTS OF POPULATION GROWTH IN RAJASTHAN: AN ANALYSIS

Rajasthan is the biggest State of India and is currently in the second phase of demographic transition and is moving towards the third phase of demographic transition with very slow pace. However, state’s population will continue to grow for a time period. Rajasthan’s performance in the social and economic sector has been poor in past. The poor performance is the outcome of poverty, illiteracy and poor development, which co-exist and reinforce each other. There are many demographic and socio-economic factors responsible for population growth. This paper attempts to identify the demographic and socio-economic variables, which are responsible for population growth in Rajasthan with the help of multivariate analysis.
Pre - big bang on the brane

The equations of motion and junction conditions for a gravidilaton brane world scenario are studied in the string frame. It is shown that they allow Kasner-like solutions on the brane, which makes the dynamics of the brane very similar to the low curvature phase of pre-big-bang cosmology. Analogies and differences of this scenario with the Randall-Sundrum one and with the standard bulk pre-big-bang dynamics are also discussed.
No unique solution to the seismological problem of standing kink magnetohydrodynamic waves

The aim of this paper is to point out that the classic seismological problem using observations and theoretical expressions for the periods and damping times of transverse standing magnetohydrodynamic waves in coronal loops is better referred to as a reduced seismological problem. “Reduced” emphasises the fact that only a small number of characteristic quantities of the equilibrium profiles can be determined. Reduced also implies that there is no unique solution to the full seismological problem. Even the reduced seismological problem does not allow a unique solution. Bayesian inference results support our mathematical arguments and offer insight into the relationship between the algebraic and the probabilistic inversions.
A game model for the multimodality phenomena of coauthorship networks

We provided a game model to simulate the evolution of coauthorship networks, a geometric hypergraph built on a circle. The model expresses kin selection and network reciprocity, two typically cooperative mechanisms, through a cooperation condition called positive benefit-minus-cost. The costs are modelled through space distances. The benefits are modelled through geometric zones that depend on node hyperdegree, which gives an expression of the cumulative advantage on the reputations of authors. Our findings indicate that the model gives a reasonable fitting to empirical coauthorship networks on their degree distribution, node clustering, and so on. It reveals two properties of node attractions, namely node heterogeneity and fading with the growth of hyperdegrees, can deduce the dichotomy of nodes' clustering behavior and assortativity, as well as the trichotomy of degree and hyperdegree distributions: generalized Poisson, power law and exponential cutoff.
Is 4C+29.48 a gamma-ray source?

The Fermi Large Area Telescope revealed that the extragalactic gamma-ray sky is dominated by blazars, active galactic nuclei (AGN) whose jet is seen at very small angle to the line of sight. To associate and then classify the gamma-ray sources, data have been collected from lower frequency surveys and observations. The gamma-ray source 3FGL J1323.0+2942 is associated with the radio source 4C+29.48 and classified as a blazar of unknown type, lacking optical spectrum and redshift. The higher-resolution radio data showed that 4C+29.48 comprises three bright radio-emitting features located within a ~1'-diameter area. We (re-)analyzed archival Very Large Array and unpublished very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations conducted by the Very Long Baseline Array and the European VLBI Network of 4C+29.48. We also collected data form optical, infrared and X-ray surveys. The northernmost complex of 4C+29.48 contains a blazar with a high brightness temperature compact core and a steep-spectrum jet feature. The blazar is positionally coincident with an optical source at a redshift of 1.142. Its mid-infrared colors also support its association with a gamma-ray emitting blazar. The two other radio complexes have steep radio spectra and do not have optical or infrared counterparts in currently available surveys. Based on the radio morphology, they are unlikely to be related to the blazar. We discuss the possibilities whether the two radio features are lobes of a radio galaxy, or gravitationally lensed images of a background source. We propose to associate 3FGL J1323.0+2942 in subsequent versions of the Fermi catalog with the blazar residing in northernmost complex. We suggest naming this source J1323+2941A to avoid misinterpretation arising from the fact that the coordinates of the currently listed radio counterpart 4C+29.48 is closer to a most probably unrelated radio source. (abridged)
Dynamically Coupled Oscillators: Cooperative Behavior via Dynamical Interaction

We propose a theoretical framework for studying the cooperative behavior of dynamically coupled oscillators (DCOs) that possess dynamical interactions. Then, to clarify synchronization phenomena in networks of interneurons which possess inhibitory interactions, we propose a DCO model with dynamics of interactions that tend to cause 180° phase lags. Employing the approach developed here, we demonstrate that although our model displays synchronization at high frequencies, it does not exhibit synchronization at low frequencies because this dynamical interaction does not cause a phase lag sufficiently large to cancel the effect of the inhibition. We interpret the disappearance of synchronization in our model with decreasing frequency as describing the breakdown of synchronization in the interneuron network of the CA1 area below the critical frequency of 20 Hz.
Systematic study for gas-to-dust ratio of short gamma-ray burst afterglows

Extra-galactic X-ray absorption and optical extinction are often found in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows and they could be tracers of both circumburst and host galaxy environments. By performing spectral analyses for spectral energy distribution of 9 short GRB (SGRB) afterglows with known redshift, we investigated a ratio of the equivalent hydrogen column density to the dust extinction, N^{rest}_{H}/A^{rest}_{V}, in the rest frame of each SGRB. We found that the distribution of N^{rest}_{H}/A^{rest}_{V} is systematically smaller than the one for long GRBs, and is roughly consistent with the gas-to-dust ratio in the Milky Way. This result means that the measured gas-to-dust ratio of SGRBs would originate from the interstellar medium in each host galaxy. This scenario supports the prediction that SGRBs occur in non star-forming regions in the host galaxies.
Motion planning for nonlinear underactuated vehicles using H/sup /spl infin// techniques

This paper presents a new solution to the motion planning problem for nonlinear underactuated vehicles. The approach solves the problem by generating a polynomial curve connecting the desired initial and final positions for the vehicle and then using the curve to estimate the vehicle's complete configuration along the trajectory. The algorithm introduces an iterative H/sup /spl infin//-filter to improve upon the initial estimate for the trajectory. The solution to the basic motion planning problem can be coupled with randomized path planning algorithms to solve the obstacle avoidance and multiple vehicle versions of the problem. Numerical simulations illustrate the algorithm's performance on an underactuated planar vehicle.
Sharp-edged geometric obstacles in microfluidics promote deformability-based sorting of cells

Sorting cells based on their intrinsic properties is a highly desirable objective, since changes in cell deformability are often associated with various stress conditions and diseases. Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) devices offer high precision for rigid spherical particles, while their success in sorting deformable particles remains limited due to the complexity of cell traversal in DLDs. We employ mesoscopic hydrodynamics simulations and demonstrate prominent advantages of sharp-edged DLD obstacles for probing deformability properties of red blood cells (RBCs). By consecutive sharpening of the pillar shape from circular to diamond to triangular geometry, a pronounced cell bending around an edge is achieved, serving as a deformability sensor. Bending around the edge is the primary mechanism, which governs the traversal of RBCs through such DLD device. This strategy requires an appropriate degree of cell bending by fluid stresses, which can be controlled by the flow rate, and exhibits good sensitivity to moderate changes in cell deformability. We expect that similar mechanisms should be applicable for the development of novel DLD devices that target intrinsic properties of many other cells.
Mesoscopic interference

We analyze a double-slit experiment when the interfering particle is “mesoscopic” and one endeavors to obtain Welcher Weg information by shining light on it. We derive a compact expression for the visibility of the interference pattern: coherence depends on both the spatial and temporal features of the wave function during its travel to the screen. We set a bound on the temperature of the mesoscopic particle in order that its quantum mechanical coherence be maintained.
A New Algorithm to Design Minimal Multi‐Functional Observers for Linear Systems

Designing minimum possible order (minimal) observers for multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) linear systems have always been an interesting subject. In this paper, a new methodology to design minimal multi‐functional observers for linear time invariant (LTI) systems is proposed. The approach is applicable, and it also helps in regulating the convergence rate of the observed functions. It is assumed that the system is functional observable or functional detectable, which is less conservative than assuming the observability or detectability of the system. To satisfy the minimality of the observer, a recursive algorithm is provided that increases the order of the observer by appending the minimum required auxiliary functions to the desired functions that are going to be estimated. The algorithm increases the number of functions such that the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a functional observer are satisfied. Moreover, a new methodology to solve the observer design interconnected equations is elaborated. Our new algorithm has advantages with regard to the other available methods in designing minimal order functional observers. Specifically, it is compared with the most common schemes, which are transformation based. Using numerical examples it is shown that under special circumstances, the conventional methods have some drawbacks. The problem partly lies in the lack of sufficient numerical degrees of freedom proposed by the conventional methods. It is shown that our proposed algorithm can resolve this issue. A recursive algorithm is also proposed to summarize the observer design procedure. Several numerical examples and simulation results illustrate the efficacy, superiority and different aspects of the theoretical findings.
New class of location-parameter discrete probability distributions and their characterizations

A new class of location-parameter discrete probability distributions (LDPD) has been defined where the population mean is the location parameter. It has been shown that some single parameter discrete distributions do not belong to this class and all discrete probability distributions belonging to this class can be characterized by their variances only. Expressions are given for the first four central moments and a recurrence formula for higher central moments has been obtained. Eight theorems are given to characterize the various distributions in the LDPD class.
“One-cubed” ARPES User Facility at BESSY II

The growing significance of the precise spectroscopic tools in condensed matter physics is to a very considerable degree indebted to the recent advances in instrumentation. Angle-resolved photoemission has strongly benefitted from the introduction of angle-multiplexing analyzers at the end of last century [1], which virtually turned the technique from a band-mapping tool into a sophisticated many-body spectroscopy. It was soon realized that in order to deliver detailed and undistorted information about the spectral function – the ultimate output of ARPES – one needs to thoroughly explore the parameter space of the experiment. Assuming that all the photoelectrons are detected, these parameters are basically the photon energy and angles of incidence of the linearly polarized light. It is the combinations of these quantities which can strongly suppress the photocurrent from a given sample via the matrix element effects. For a modern ARPES experiment it is therefore desired to have a full control of photon energy and polarization, which inevitably implies the use of synchrotron radiation.
Electronic structure of disordered binary alloys

Presents an extension of the cluster-Bethe-lattice method to study the electronic properties of binary alloys with varying coordination numbers. Expressions for transfer functions which account for neighbour correlations are obtained. The method is applied to study effects of short-range order in the CsAu liquid alloy and in a hypothetical solid with one s-state per atom, and the coordination properties of the Si-O system.
Bending Behavior and Tensile Strength of Carbon Fibers

The strength of anisotropic polycrystalline carbon fibers was investigated. Theoretical estimates of the strength of graphite are far higher than observed values for carbonized rayon fibers, and we have searched for an explanation. Internal ``grain boundaries'' in the fibers can account for the reduced strength inasmuch as the fracture appears to be intergranular. The ``grains'' are believed to be axially oriented fibrils, ap‐approximately 500‐A across. Experimental evidence for some inelastic behavior in carbon fibers at room temperature was obtained from bending experiments on single filaments. The results were interpreted in terms of local ``yielding'' or rupture of cross‐link bonds between adjacent fibrils. The stress at which such ``yielding'' takes place in bending is approximately equal to the failure stress in a tensile test. Although a Griffith model of completely brittle fracture in tensile tests was considered, the possibility that local ``yielding'' might precede tensile fracture seemed more likely. Consideration of the brittle failure model and the localized plastic flow model both lead to the same conclusion: The tensile strength of carbonized rayon fibers is limited by the fibrillar microstructure and cannot be expected to approach the theoretical estimates for graphite single crystals.The strength of anisotropic polycrystalline carbon fibers was investigated. Theoretical estimates of the strength of graphite are far higher than observed values for carbonized rayon fibers, and we have searched for an explanation. Internal ``grain boundaries'' in the fibers can account for the reduced strength inasmuch as the fracture appears to be intergranular. The ``grains'' are believed to be axially oriented fibrils, ap‐approximately 500‐A across. Experimental evidence for some inelastic behavior in carbon fibers at room temperature was obtained from bending experiments on single filaments. The results were interpreted in terms of local ``yielding'' or rupture of cross‐link bonds between adjacent fibrils. The stress at which such ``yielding'' takes place in bending is approximately equal to the failure stress in a tensile test. Although a Griffith model of completely brittle fracture in tensile tests was considered, the possibility that local ``yielding'' might precede tensile fracture seemed more l.
Infrared Emission from Clusters in the Star-forming Disk of Henize 2-10

We have made subarcsecond-resolution images of the central 10″ of the Wolf-Rayet dwarf galaxy He 2-10 at 11.7 μm, using the Long Wavelength Spectrometer on the Keck I Telescope. The spatial distribution of the infrared emission roughly agrees with that of the rising spectrum radio sources seen by Kobulnicky & Johnson and confirms that those sources are compact H II regions, rather than supernova remnants or other objects. The infrared sources are more extended than the subarcsecond rising spectrum radio sources, although the entire complex is still less than 5″ in extent. On size scales of 1″ the infrared and radio emission are in excellent agreement, with each source requiring several hundred to a thousand O stars for excitation. The nebulae lie in a flattened disklike distribution about 240 by 100 pc and provide all of the flux measured by IRAS for the entire galaxy in the 12 μm band; 30% of the total IRAS flux from the galaxy emanates from one 15–30 pc source. In this galaxy, intense star formation, probably triggered by an accretion event, is confined to a central disk, which breaks up into distinct nebulae presumably marking the sites of young super–star clusters.