Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stranger Twins: A Tale of Resemblance and Contrast Between VAP Proteins

When considering the vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein (VAP) family, major receptors at the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it appears that VAP-A and VAP-B paralogs largely overlap in structure and function, and that specific features to distinguish these two proteins hardly exist or are poorly documented. Here, we question the degree of redundancy between VAP-A and VAP-B: is one simply a backup plan, in case of loss of function of one of the two genes, or are there molecular and functional divergences that would explain their maintenance during evolution?
Influence of statin use on prognosis of patients with renal cell cancer: a meta-analysis

Background Statin may confer anticancer efficacy, while the studies evaluating the influence of statin on survival of patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) yielded inconsistent results. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between statin use and survival of patients with RCC. Materials and Methods Cohort studies were identified by search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases according to the objective of the meta-analysis. A random-effect model incorporating the possible between-study heterogeneity was used for meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses according to study characteristics were also performed. Results Seventeen cohort studies involving 42528 patients with RCC were available for the meta-analysis. Results showed that statin use was associated with a better overall survival (OS, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65 to 0.84, p < 0.001; I2 = 40%), progression progression-free survival (PFS, HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.98, p = 0.03; I2 = 52%), and cancer-specific survival (CSS, HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.99, p = 0.04; I2 = 38%). Besides, for the outcome of OS and PFS, subgroup analyses showed similar results in patients with surgical and non-surgical anticancer treatments, and in patients with stage I-III and stage IV RCC (p values for subgroup difference all > 0.05). Conclusions Statin use may be associated with improved survival outcomes in patients with RCC. Although prospective clinical studies should be considered to validate these results, these findings suggest that statins may be potential adjuvant therapy for patients with RCC.
Global Well-Posedness on a generalized derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation

We prove global well-posedness for a generalized derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (gDNLS) by a variational argument. The variational argument is applicable to a cubic derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (DNLS). For (DNLS), Wu proved that the solution with the initial data $u_0$ is global if $\Vert u_0 \Vert_{L^2}^2<4\pi$ by the sharp Gagliardo--Nirenberg inequality in the paper "Global well-posedness on the derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation", Analysis & PDE 8 (2015), no. 5, 1101--1112. The variational argument gives us another proof of the global well-posedness for (DNLS). Moreover, by the variational argument, we can show that the solution to (DNLS) is global if the initial data $u_0$ satisfies that $\Vert u_0 \Vert_{L^2}^2=4\pi$ and the momentum $P(u_0)$ is negative.
Effective but Underused Strategies for Proof Comprehension.

We present five strategies that mathematics majors can use to improve their proof comprehension. We argue these strategies are effective by presenting qualitative excerpts illustrating the ways in which the employment of these strategies helped four undergraduate students understand the proofs they were reading. Furthermore, we present results of a survey in which the majority of 83 mathematicians indicated they would like students to use these proof reading strategies. Finally, we argue that these strategies are underused by presenting results from another part of the survey, in which the majority of 175 mathematics majors claimed not to employ these strategies.
Food Retailer, Restaurant, and Online Grocery Shopping Use and Household Food Waste: Evidence from U.S. Households in 2022

ABSTRACT In United States (U.S.) household food waste, which is generated in part from food purchased from food retailers, is believed to be a major contributor to national food waste. Understanding the relationship between household food shopping behavior and food waste is important for developing food waste reduction programs, particularly given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on households’ use of online grocery shopping and restaurants. Data from a sample of U.S. households in 2022 was analyzed using probit regression for the probability of any household food waste and a log-linear regression for mean household food waste, conditional on any food waste. This study found that online grocery shopping was associated with greater quantities of food waste overall and specifically fruit and vegetable waste. We also find the use of restaurants was associated with greater food waste, while short planning durations for grocery shopping were associated with less food waste.
Similarity‐based approximations for the evolution of a gravity current

Approximations to similarity solutions for two‐dimensional and axisymmetric gravity currents are described. These are based on the entrainment behaviour and its implication for the evolution of gravity‐current height and reduced gravity. It is shown how this approach permits the approximation of gravity‐current behaviour without the need for information about the buoyancy or, equivalently, distance from the point of origin. It is also shown that the usual front‐speed scaling may be derived from consideration of baroclinic vorticity generation at the front in both two‐dimensional and axisymmetric configurations. The importance of vorticity in defining the flow direction is also discussed.
A cubic-spline-based time collocation method applied to simulate periodic transonic flows

A cubic-spline-based time collocation method is used to solve periodic transonic flows for aeroelastic analysis. The time periodical flow variables are first approximated by cubic splines, and then the time-derivative terms are represented by a source term, which couples the flow solutions at all the sampled time instants. Simulation of two transonic external unsteady flows, including the oscillating NACA 0012 aerofoil and pitching rectangular supercritical wing, were carried out. The cubic-spline-based time collocation method with relatively small number of time instants sampled demonstrate high accuracy, whilst it is several times faster than the conventional time-marching method. The effect of different basis function used in the time collocation methods are also studied by comparing the results to that of the state-of-the-art time spectral method. This method was also validated against aeroelastic experimental data of the vibrating STCF 11 turbine blades. Only single passage computational mesh is involved by adopting the phase-lag periodic conditions. Good accuracy of the proposed time collocation method is also achieved and about one order of speed-up is obtained as compared with time-marching simulation.
What Drives the Ionized Gas Outflows in Radio-Quiet AGN?

We review the mechanisms driving the ionized gas outflows in radio-quiet (RQ) AGN. Although it constitutes ∼90% of the AGN population, what drives these outflows in these AGNs remains an open question. High-resolution imaging and integral field unit (IFU) observation is key to spatially resolving these outflows, whereas radio observations are important to comprehend the underlying radiative processes. Radio interferometric observations have detected linear, collimated structures on the hundreds of pc scale in RQ AGN, which may be very similar to the extended radio jets in powerful galaxies. Proper motions measured in some objects are sub-relativistic. Other processes, such as synchrotron radiation from shock-accelerated gas around the outflows could give rise to radio emissions as well. Near the launching region, these outflows may be driven by the thermal energy of the accretion disk and exhibit free–free emission. IFU observations on the other hand have detected evidence of both winds and jets and the outflows driven by them in radio-quiet AGN. Some examples include nearby AGN such as Mrk 1044 and HE 1353-1917. An IFU study of nearby (z <0.06) RQ AGN has found that these outflows may be related to their radio properties on <100 pc scale, rather than their accretion properties. Recent JWST observations of RQ AGN XID 2028 have revealed that radio jets and wind could inflate bubbles, create cavities, and trigger star formation. Future high-resolution multi-wavelength observations and numerical simulations taking account of both jets and winds are hence essential to understand the complex interaction between radio-quiet AGN and the host from sub-pc to kpc scales.
Longshot Football Detection and Tracking Using Mean Shift Algorithm

The soccer video analysis has a lot of importance these days commercially. There are many challenges in making the soccer video automatically analyzed. The automatic analysis is highly useful in analyzing player performance, computer assisted referee and tactics inference. In this thesis, we have proposed distinct methods to capture the ball movements there by ending which team has the control on the ball for most of the time. Distinct methods mean different methods for detection, tracking and to find the control. In the detection to identify the location of the ball, we have proposed a 9 step method. We have to execute these steps one by one. These steps include played detection, edge detection, moving object detection, conjunction, morphology, shape strainer, size sieve, dominant color extraction, neighborhood detection. These steps are mainly based on attributes of the ball. These attributes include color, shape, and size. The moving object detection step work based on the optical ow of the ball. In the tracking phase, we will select a region of interest in which we will nd the most probable location of the ball by maximizing the likelihood of multiplication of color histogram of location and ball. After finding the most probable location, we localize the ball in the region by mean shift tracking method. The mean shift tracking algorithm is the one which works base on weights derived from Bhattacharyya coecient to delineate the ball or target. Bhattacharyya coecient is naturally used to nd the similarity between two statistical samples by considering their probability distributions. In the control phase, we divide the frame into di erent clusters using k-means algo-rithm. In k-means, we start the iterative process by selecting random starting points.The image pixels which has color values close to the di erent centers will be clustered into different regions. We will nd the centroids or centers of these di erent regions and run the process again. We have applied this algorithm to our soccer frames got the results
Comprehensive Kinetic Study of PET Pyrolysis Using TGA

The pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a well-known process for producing high fuel value. This paper aims to study the kinetics of PET pyrolysis reactions at 4 different heating rates (2, 5, 10, and 20 K min−1) using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data. TGA data show only one kinetic reaction within the temperature ranges of 650 to 750 K. Five different model-free models, namely, the Freidman (FR), Flynn–Wall–Qzawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Starink (STK), and distributed activation energy model (DAEM), were fitted to the experimental data to obtain the activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential factor (A0) of the reaction kinetics. The Coats–Redfern (CR) model equation was fitted with the help of master plot (Criado’s) to identify the most convenient reaction mechanism for this system. Ea’s values were determined by the application of the five aforementioned models and were found to possess an average value of 212 kJ mol−1. The mechanism of PET pyrolysis reaction was best described by first-order reaction kinetics; this was confirmed by the compensation. Further thermodynamic parameter analysis indicated that the reaction was endothermic in nature.
Thermoneutral housing promotes hepatic steatosis in standard diet-fed C57BL/6N mice, with a less pronounced effect on NAFLD progression upon high-fat feeding

Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress to more severe stages, such as steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Thermoneutral housing together with high-fat diet promoted NAFLD progression in C57BL/6J mice. Due to possible differences in steatohepatitis development between different C57BL/6 substrains, we examined how thermoneutrality affects NAFLD progression in C57BL/6N mice. Methods Male mice were fed standard or high-fat diet for 24 weeks and housed under standard (22°C) or thermoneutral (30°C) conditions. Results High-fat feeding promoted weight gain and hepatic steatosis, but the effect of thermoneutral environment was not evident. Liver expression of inflammatory markers was increased, with a modest and inconsistent effect of thermoneutral housing; however, histological scores of inflammation and fibrosis were generally low (<1.0), regardless of ambient temperature. In standard diet-fed mice, thermoneutrality increased weight gain, adiposity, and hepatic steatosis, accompanied by elevated de novo lipogenesis and changes in liver metabolome characterized by complex decreases in phospholipids and metabolites involved in urea cycle and oxidative stress defense. Conclusion Thermoneutrality appears to promote NAFLD-associated phenotypes depending on the C57BL/6 substrain and/or the amount of dietary fat.
Adaptive STDP Learning with Lateral Inhibition for Neuromorphic Systems

Implementing biologically plausible learning rules on neuromorphic chips is essential to explore the learning mechanisms in the brain. Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is one such rule but its multi-bit circuit implementation requires too much area. In our previous study, we proposed a hardware-friendly learning rule named adaptive STDP and experimentally showed that its performance was similar to STDP learning in a very basic biologically plausible spike pattern detection task using a single neuron. In this study, we extend the adaptive STDP learning rule with lateral inhibition, a common motif observed in the brain, and apply to a spike pattern detection model with multiple neurons that compete to detect multiple patterns. Our results show that the performance is similar to that with STDP learning.
Numerical and Experimental Modelling of Mooring Systems: Effects of Wave Groupiness on Extreme Loads

Mooring systems constitute an important element to secure the stability and survival of floating structures. In the last years, its use has increased potentially linked to the growth of marine renewable energies, about all, offshore wind and waves. Traditionally, fixed foundations such as gravity, monopiles or jackets have been installed. However, new alternatives have been developed based on floating structures looking to take advantage of the potential resource in deep waters. This paper involves an exhaustive mooring system study based on catenary configuration from different points of view. Physical modelling was performed by means of different experimental tests under different loading conditions including prescribed movements and natural forcing (waves and currents) considering two different types of seabed: a rigid seabed using the glass of the flume simulating a rocky bottom and a deformable seabed through sandy seabed. Different types of numerical approaches were implemented and they were validated with laboratory tests. Quasi-static and dynamic models were included. Also, a commercial software called SESAM was used to verify the results. Finally, the effect of wave groupiness on extreme loads was analysed using a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT).
Convectively coupled Kelvin waves in aquachannel simulations: 2. Life cycle and dynamical‐convective coupling

This second part of a two‐part study uses Weather Research and Forecasting simulations with aquachannel and aquapatch domains to investigate the time evolution of convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs). Power spectra, filtering, and compositing are combined with object‐tracking methods to assess the structure and phase speed propagation of CCKWs during their strengthening, mature, and decaying phases. In this regard, we introduce an innovative approach to more closely investigate the wave (Kelvin) versus entity (super cloud cluster or “SCC”) dualism. In general, the composite CCKW structures represent a dynamical response to the organized convective activity. However, pressure and thermodynamic fields in the boundary layer behave differently. Further analysis of the time evolution of pressure and low‐level moist static energy finds that these fields propagate eastward as a “moist” Kelvin wave (MKW), faster than the envelope of organized convection or SCC. When the separation is sufficiently large the SCC dissipates, and a new SCC generates to the east, in the region of strongest negative pressure perturbations. We revisit the concept itself of the “coupling” between convection and dynamics, and we also propose a conceptual model for CCKWs, with a clear distinction between the SCC and the MKW components.
Role Minimization Optimization Algorithm Based on Concept Lattice Factor

Role-based access control (RBAC) is a widely adopted security model that provides a flexible and scalable approach for managing permissions in various domains. One of the critical challenges in RBAC is the efficient assignment of roles to users while minimizing the number of roles involved. This article presents a novel role minimization optimization algorithm (RMOA) based on the concept lattice factor to address this challenge. The proposed RMOA leverages the concept lattice, a mathematical structure derived from formal concept analysis, to model and analyze the relationships between roles, permissions, and users in an RBAC system. By representing the RBAC system as a concept lattice, the algorithm captures the inherent hierarchy and dependencies among roles and identifies the optimal role assignment configuration. The RMOA operates in two phases: the first phase focuses on constructing the concept lattice from the RBAC system’s role–permission–user relations, while the second phase performs an optimization process to minimize the number of roles required for the access control. It determines the concept lattice factor using the concept lattice interval to discover the minimum set of roles. The optimization process considers both the user–role assignments and the permission–role assignments, ensuring that access requirements are met while reducing role proliferation. Experimental evaluations conducted on diverse RBAC datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The RMOA achieves significant reductions in the number of roles compared to existing role minimization approaches, while preserving the required access permissions for users. The algorithm’s efficiency is also validated by its ability to handle large-scale RBAC systems within reasonable computational time.
Colloquium: Water's controversial glass transitions

Water is the most common and, judged from its numerous anomalous properties, the weirdest of all known liquids and the complexity of its pressure-temperature map is unsurpassed. A major obstacle on the way to a full understanding of water’s structure and dynamics is the hard-to-explore territory within this map, colloquially named the no man’s land. Many experiments suggest that just before stepping across its low-temperature border, amorphous ices undergo glass-to-liquid transitions while other interpretations emphasize the importance of underlying disordered (nano)crystalline states. Prospects for reconciling the conflicting views regarding the nature of water’s glass transitions are discussed.
Chromosome-Borne CTX-M-65 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis, Taiwan

A CTX-M-65‒producing Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clone, probably originating in Latin America and initially reported in the United States, has emerged in Taiwan. Chicken meat is the most likely primary carrier. Four of the 9 drug resistance genes have integrated into the chromosome: blaCTX-M-65, tet(A), sul1, and aadA1.
Sparse nonnegative solution of underdetermined linear system via non-convex fraction function penalty

In this paper, a non-convex fraction function is studied in sparse nonnegative solution of an underdetermined linear system. Firstly, we discuss the equivalence of $(FP_{a}^{\geq})$ and $(P_{0}^{\geq})$, and proved that there exists some constant $\hat{a}>0$ such that the optimal solution to the problem $(FP_{\hat{a}}^{\geq})$ also solves $(P_{0}^{\geq})$. Furthermore, we prove that there corresponds a constant $a^{*}>0$ such that, whenever $a>a^{*}$, every solution to the problem $(FP_{a}^{\geq})$ also solves $(P_{0}^{\geq})$. Secondly, a nonnegative iterative thresholding algorithm is proposed to solve the regularization problem $(FP_{a,\lambda}^{\geq})$ for all $a>0$. Finally, some numerical experiments on sparse nonnegative vector recovery problems show that our method performs effective in finding a sparse nonnegative solution.
Internet-Mobile-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Against Diabetes Mellitus Distress: A Systematic Review

An intervention that can be used by nurses who treat DM patients is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT is a therapy that has the goal of helping individuals to be able to accept unpleasant self-experiences and be willing to commit to behaving and acting in accordance with values so as to achieve a more valuable life. Diabetes can also cause stress which is usually called diabetes distress. One strategy that can be used at this time is the use of the internet–mobile–based interventions. Systematic review is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzed (PRISMA). The databases used are Scopus, Proquest, Science Direct, and Pubmed which are limited to publications for the last 5 years from 2018 to 2022, full-text articles, and use English. The keywords used in the search for articles are "Diabetes Mellitus" AND "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" AND "mobile" AND "Distress". This systematic review uses 10 articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The initial literature search yielded 56 articles. There are 10 articles selected for review. conclusions: The results of this systematic review provide evidence for policymakers to consider alternative interventions using this method to reduce distress in patients with diabetes mellitus.