Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Privacy Disclosures in URL Query Strings

Publicly posted URLs sometimes contain a wealth of information about the identities and activities of the users who share them. URLs often utilize query strings -- that is, key-value pairs appended to the URL path -- to pass session parameters and form data. Although often benign and necessary to render the Web page, query strings sometimes contain tracking mechanisms, usernames, email addresses, and other information that users might not wish to publicly reveal. In isolation, this isn't particularly problematic, but the growth of Web 2.0 platforms such as social networks and microblogging means URLs, which are often copied and pasted from Web browsers, are increasingly publicly broadcast. To study URL sharing's privacy ramifications, the authors ran a measurement study that looked at 892 million user-submitted URLs, many disseminated in semipublic forums. That corpus contained a trove of personal information, including 1.7 million email addresses. In the most egregious examples, query strings contain plaintext usernames and passwords for administrative and sensitive accounts. The authors identify data leakage via both key-driven and value-driven analysis using manual inspections and automatic detection logic. Additionally, they analyze the click-through rates of sensitive URLs, examine geographical and mobile behavior patterns, and measure the broader statistical properties of key-value pairs. Finally, they propose a CleanURL service that can "scrub"' URLs of privacy-violating content.
Experimental study of the eligibility traces in complex valued reinforcement learning

Effectiveness of eligibility traces in complex valued reinforcement learning is studied. Complex valued reinforcement learning is a new method inspired by complex valued neural networks. In this study, it is desired that various approaches in the ordinally real valued reinforcement learning are applied to the complex valued reinforcement learning. This paper focuses attention on an experimental study of the eligibility traces. Simulation results infer that there is a possibility of overcoming tight perceptual aliasing with long trace back up.
Computational approaches for identification of conserved/unique binding pockets in the A chain of ricin

MOTIVATION Specific and sensitive ligand-based protein detection assays that employ antibodies or small molecules such as peptides, aptamers or other small molecules require that the corresponding surface region of the protein be accessible and that there be minimal cross-reactivity with non-target proteins. To reduce the time and cost of laboratory screening efforts for diagnostic reagents, we developed new methods for evaluating and selecting protein surface regions for ligand targeting. RESULTS We devised combined structure- and sequence-based methods for identifying 3D epitopes and binding pockets on the surface of the A chain of ricin that are conserved with respect to a set of ricin A chains and unique with respect to other proteins. We (1) used structure alignment software to detect structural deviations and extracted from this analysis the residue-residue correspondence, (2) devised a method to compare corresponding residues across sets of ricin structures and structures of closely related proteins, (3) devised a sequence-based approach to determine residue infrequency in local sequence context and (4) modified a pocket-finding algorithm to identify surface crevices in close proximity to residues determined to be conserved/unique based on our structure- and sequence-based methods. In applying this combined informatics approach to ricin A, we identified a conserved/unique pocket in close proximity (but not overlapping) the active site that is suitable for bi-dentate ligand development. These methods are generally applicable to identification of surface epitopes and binding pockets for development of diagnostic reagents, therapeutics and vaccines.
A Closer Look at Noticing Hypothesis and Focus on Form: An Overview

The teaching of language forms especially grammatical and linguistic forms has long occupied a sine qua non role in language classes and course syllabi. The emphasis on the teaching of form has sometimes emerged as the deductive instruction of grammatical structures for example, grammar translation method and sometimes has incarnated as the inductive instruction of grammar and structures for instance, Audio-lingual method (see Richards & Rodgers, 2002). The point in teaching grammar is not whether to teach it or not, but the question is how to teach it from among a wide range of pedagogical options open to language practitioners (see, e.g. Ellis, 1997., Celce- Murcia, 1991). In the last two decades the auspicious paradigm of focus on form and especially Scmidtt’s noticing hypothesis (Schmidtt, 1995) have gradually superseded the former methods of grammar teaching. The present article is an attempt to take a closer look on these two models and to consider some of their most prominent features and contributions in the last two decades.
Functional characterization of the two alcohol oxidase genes from the yeast Pichia pastoris

In Pichia pastoris, alcohol oxidase (AOX) is the first enzyme in the methanol utilization pathway and is encoded by two genes, AOX1 and AOX2. The DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of the protein-coding portions of the genes are closely homologous, whereas flanking sequences share no homology. The functional roles of AOX1 and AOX2 in the metabolism of methanol were examined. Studies of strains with disrupted AOX genes revealed that AOX1 was the major source of methanol-oxidizing activity in methanol-grown P. pastoris. The results of two types of experiments each suggested that the difference in AOX activity contributed by the two genes was a consequence of sequences located 5' of the protein-coding portions of the genes. First, the coding portion of AOX2 was able to functionally substitute for that of AOX1 when placed under the control of AOX1 regulatory sequences. Second, when labeled oligonucleotide probes specific for the 5' nontranslated region of each gene were used, it was apparent that the steady-state level of AOX1 mRNA was much higher than that of AOX2. Except for the difference in the amount of mRNA present, the two genes appeared to be regulated in the same manner. A physiological reason for the existence of AOX2 was sought but was not apparent.
Learning Style under Two Web‐Based Study Conditions

A sample of 48 college students prepared for in‐class examinations using two web‐based study conditions. The A condition used web‐based study groups and the B condition used web‐based quizzes. The Index of Learning Styles positioned students on four dimensions of learning style (active‐reflective, visual‐verbal, sequential‐global, and sensing‐intuitive). Students who were more active than reflective expressed a preference for face‐to‐face study groups rather than online study groups and for online quizzes rather than pencil‐and‐paper quizzes. Students who were more visual than verbal expressed a preference for online quizzes rather than online study groups. Such preferences were validated by decreased achievement in the less‐preferred study condition. At college level, students are aware of their learning style and understand the conditions that facilitate their mastery of course content. Instructional applications of web‐based technology may provide mechanisms for more consistently accommodating student learning style in higher education.
A survey on online review SPAM detection techniques

The development of Internet influenced many of our day-to-day activities. Ecommerce is one of the rapid growth areas in the Internet era. People are eager to buy products from online sites like Amazon, ebay, Flipkart etc. Online sites also provide facility for customers to write review on products they buy. These reviews help consumers and vendors for making decision on marketing strategies, and the improvement of products and services. Nowadays people are very much interested to read reviews before purchasing any product and getting services. This makes areas for opinion spammers to write fake reviews to promote or to demote both products and business services. This type of activities is often referred as Review spam. Thus detecting fake reviews has become more critical issue for customers to make better decision on purchase as well as the vendors to make their products trustworthy. In this paper a detailed survey is done using various machine learning techniques for detecting spam and genuine reviews.
Cultured mouse marrow cell lines: Interactions between fibroblastoid cells and monocytes

Continuous cell lines were derived from primary cultures of adherent bone marrow cells from SJL/J, BALB/c, C3H/eb, RF, and nude‐ICR mice. All these lines readily assumed a pure fibroblastoid appearance with the exception of the BALB/c line (MBA‐14), which retained both fibroblastoid and monocytoid cells. This particular line could promote the proliferation of myeloid progenitors (CFU‐C) in short‐term bone‐marrow cultures. The two cell types that composed the MBA‐14 cell line were successfully isolated and grown separately; the monocytes as the 14M and 14M1 cell lines and the fibroblastoid cells as the 14F clones. The latter were found to be preadipocytes and accumulated fat in the absence of added hydrocortisone, in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. Growth of the monocyte lines (14M and 14M1) was dependent upon the mononuclear phagocyte stimulator CSF‐1. In the parent MBA‐14 cell line the growth of monocytes seemed to depend upon stimulating factor(s) produced by the fibroblastoid cells. The 14M1 monocytes were able to process and degrade antigen as efficiently as primary macrophages. Furthermore, processed antigen produced by 14M1 cells evoked proliferative response by antigen‐primed lymph‐node cells. In addition to these immunological functions the 14M1 cells were capable of modulating the colony‐stimulating activity and degree of adipogenesis exhibited by the fibroblastoid cells. These interactions between monocytes and fibroblastoid cells may constitute part of the mechanism controlling the activity of the hematopoietic microenvironment.
Automation Surprises

In a variety of domains, the development and introduction of automated systems has been successful in terms of improving the precision and economy of operations. At the same time, however, a considerable number of unanticipated problems and failures have been observed. These new and sometimes serious problems are related for the most part to breakdowns in the interaction between human operators and automated systems. It is sometimes difficult for the human operator to track the activities of their automated partners. The result can be situations where the operator is surprised by the behavior of the automation asking questions like, what is it doing now, why did it do that, or what is it going to do next (Wiener, 1989). Thus, automation has created surprises for practitioners who are confronted with unpredictable and difficult to understand system behavior in the context of ongoing operations. The introduction of new automation has also produced surprises for system designers/purchasers who experience unexpected consequences because their automate systems failed to work as team players.
TLFS : High Performance Tape Library File System for Data Backup and Archive ?

A tape library is seldom considered as a viable place for constructing a file system for a sequential write/read device. Storage virtualization technology has become a buzzword in technology circles lately, in this paper we propose a tape library file system, called TLFS. The purpose of TLFS is to maintain a consistent view of mass storage so that the user can effectively manage it. Like disk file system, TLFS provides some file system operations, such as create, delete, open, close, read and write files/directories. It supports remote data access, backup, mirroring, replication by iSCSI protocol and facilitates fast data backup and archive. Moreover, TLFS supports large-scale storage management, provides file system fragment management, defenses virus and has transparent file movement. The prototype system, which is built by a SCSI disk and a tape library, is present and some implementation details are shown. Also, the experiment results are analyzed.
A multi-format floating-point multiplier for power-efficient operations

In this work, we present a radix-16 multi-format multiplier to multiply 64-bit unsigned integer operands, double-precision and single-precision operands. The multiplier is sectioned in two lanes such that two single-precision multiplications can be computed in parallel. Radix-16 is chosen for the reduced number of partial products and the resulting power savings. The experimental results show that high power efficiency is obtained by issuing two single-precision multiplications per cycle. Moreover, by converting the double-precision numbers which fit to single-precision, further energy can be saved.
Determinants of Income Mobility and Household Poverty Dynamics in South Africa

This article analyses household income mobility among Africans in South Africa's most populous province, KwaZulu-Natal, between 1993 and 1998. Compared to industrialised and most developing countries, mobility has been quite high, as might have been expected after the transition in South Africa. This finding is robust when measurement error is controlled for. When disaggregating the sources of mobility, it is found that demographic changes and employment changes account for most of the mobility observed which is related to rapidly shifting household boundaries and a very volatile labour market in an environment of high unemployment. Using a multivariate analysis, it can be seen that transitory incomes play a large role. Four types of poverty traps are found, associated with large initial household size, poor initial education, poor initial asset endowment and poor initial employment access that dominate the otherwise observed regression towards the mean.
Development and optimization of locust bean gum and sodium alginate interpenetrating polymeric network of capecitabine

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to develop interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) of capecitabine (CAP) using natural polymers locust bean gum (LBG) and sodium alginate (NaAlg). Significance: The IPN microbeads were optimized by Box–Behnken Design (BBD) to provide anticipated particle size with good drug entrapment efficiency. The comparative dissolution profile of IPN microbeads of CAP with the marketed preparation proved an excellent sustained drug delivery vehicle. Methods: Ionotropic gelation method utilizing metal ion calcium (Ca2+) as a cross-linker was used to prepare IPN microbeads. The optimization study was done by response surface methodology based Box–Behnken Design. The effect of the factors on the responses of optimized batch was exhibited through response surface and contour plots. The optimized batch was analyzed for particle size, % drug entrapment, pharmacokinetic study, in vitro drug release study and further characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. To study the water uptake capacity and hydrodynamic activity of the polymers, swelling studies and viscosity measurement were performed, respectively. Results: The particle size and % drug entrapment of the optimized batch was 494.37 ± 1.4 µm and 81.39 ± 2.9%, respectively, closer to the value predicted by Minitab 17 software. The in vitro drug release study showed sustained release of 92% for 12 h and followed anomalous drug release pattern. The derived pharmacokinetic parameters of optimized batch showed improved results than pure CAP. Conclusion: Thus, the formed IPN microbeads of CAP proved to be an effective extended drug delivery vehicle for the water soluble antineoplastic drug.
Engagement of gaze in capturing targets for future sequential manual actions.

We investigated the role of saccadic gaze fixations in encoding target locations for planning a future manual task consisting of a sequence of discrete target-oriented actions. We hypothesized that fixations of the individual targets are necessary for accurate encoding of target locations and that there is a transfer of sequence information from visual encoding to manual recall. Subjects viewed four targets presented at random positions on a screen. After various delays following target extinction, the subjects marked the remembered target locations on the screen with the tip of a hand-held stick. When the targets were presented simultaneously among distracting elements, the overall accuracy of marking increased with presentation time and total number of targets fixated because the subjects had to serially fixate the individual targets to locate them. Without distractors, the marking accuracy was similarly high regardless of duration of target presentation (0.25-8 s) and number of targets fixated; it was comparable to that with distractors when all four targets had been fixated. This indicates parallel encoding of target locations largely based on peripheral vision. Location memory was stable in these tasks over the delay periods investigated (0.5-8 s). With parallel encoding there was a "shrinkage" in the visuomotor transformation, i.e., the distances between the markings were systematically smaller than the corresponding inter-target distances. When the targets were presented sequentially without distractors, marking accuracy improved with the total number of targets fixated and shrinkage in the visuomotor transformation occurred only with parallel encoding, i.e., when subjects did not fixate the targets. In all experimental conditions for trials in which targets were fixated during encoding, there was little correspondence between the marking sequence and the sequence in which the targets were fixated. We conclude that subjects benefit from fixating targets for subsequent target-oriented manual actions when the targets are presented among distractors and when presented sequentially; when distinct targets are presented simultaneously against a blank background, they are efficiently encoded in parallel largely by peripheral vision.
Salmonella enteritidis agfBAC operon encoding thin, aggregative fimbriae

Salmonella enteritidis produces thin, aggregative fimbriae, named SEF17, which are composed of polymerized AgfA fimbrin proteins. DNA sequence analysis of a 2-kb region of S. enteritidis DNA revealed three contiguous genes, agfBAC. The 453-bp agfA gene encodes the AgfA fimbrin, which was predicted to be 74% identical and 86% similar in primary sequence to the Escherichia coli curli structural protein, CsgA. pHAG, a pUC18 derivative containing a 3.0-kb HindIII fragment encoding agfBAC, directed the in vitro expression of the major AgfA fimbrin, with an M(r) of 17,000, and a minor AgfB protein, with an M(r) of 16,000, encoded by the 453-bp agfB gene. AgfA was not expressed from pDAG, a pUC18 derivative containing a 3.1-kb DraI DNA fragment encoding agfA but not agfB. Primer extension analysis identified two adjacent transcription start sites located immediately upstream of agfB in positions analogous to those of the E. coli curlin csgBA operon. No transcription start sites were located immediately upstream of agfA or agfC. Northern (RNA) blot analysis confirmed that transcription of agfA was initiated from the agfB promoter region. Secondary-structure analysis of the putative mRNA transcript for agfBAC predicted the formation of a stem-loop structure (delta Gzero, -22 kcal/mol [-91 kJ/mol]) in the intercistronic region between agfA and agfC, which may be involved in stabilization of the agfBA portion of the agfBAC transcript. agfBAC and flanking regions had a high degree of sequence similarity with those counterparts of the E. coli curlin csgBA region for which sequence data are available. These data are demonstrative of the high degree of similarity between S. enteritidis SEF17 fimbriae and E. coli curli with respect to fimbrin amino acid sequence and genetic organization and, therefore, are indicative of a common and relatively recent ancestry.
Hunting in Ancient and Modern Amazonia: Rethinking Sustainability

We use a recently developed computerized modeling technique to explore the long-term impacts of indigenous Amazonian hunting in the past, present, and future. The model redefines sustainability in spatial and temporal terms, a major advance over the static "sustainability indices" currently used to study hunting in tropical forests. We validate the model's projections against actual field data from two sites in contemporary Amazonia and use the model to assess various management scenarios for the future of Manu National Park in Peru. We then apply the model to two archaeological contexts, show how its results may resolve long-standing enigmas regarding native food taboos and primate biogeography, and reflect on the ancient history and future of indigenous people in the Amazon. (Amazon prehistory, community-based conservation, indigenous peoples, Manu Biosphere Reserve, protected areas management, source-sink dynamics, subsistence hunting, Xing´ uR iver)
Schedulability analysis for a combination of non-preemptive strict periodic tasks and preemptive sporadic tasks

We consider the problem of fixed priority scheduling of non-preemptive strict periodic tasks in conjunction with sporadic preemptive tasks. There are few studies about the scheduling problem combining these two kinds of tasks. Moreover, only few results are available on scheduling non-preemptive strict periodic tasks since their performance analysis gives low success ratios, except in the case of harmonic tasks. Also, strict periodic tasks are of great importance since they are in charge for example of sensors/actuators or feedback control functions which are all critical in feedback control systems. Such tasks must have the highest priorities in order to guarantee a correct behavior of the control system. Preemptive sporadic tasks can be used for non critical functions and have lower priorities. We first investigate the scheduling problem of non-preemptive strict periodic tasks by recalling an existing schedulability condition. This results in defining the first release times of strict periodic tasks that preserves the strict periodicity constraints. We show that the schedule of strict periodic tasks can have transient and permanent phases. Then, assuming that some non-preemptive strict periodic tasks have been scheduled, we characterize the release times of the sporadic tasks that maximize their worst case response times. We prove that these release times can be restricted to the permanent phase. For preemptive sporadic tasks, we extend the classical worst case response time computation to take into account non-preemptive strict periodic tasks. Finally, we consider the particular case where some of the sporadic tasks are alternate tasks to primary strict periodic tasks for fault-tolerance.
A Real-time Object Tracker equipped with Deep Object Recognizer

A novel system for intelligent visual tracking focus on the unknown object tracking in short or mid-term video stream of the object in unconstrained environment. Also it commonly focuses only few kind of objects for doing definite programmed mission like moving the object or opening the door. It means that many vision tracking did not consider the general category of the object. For more intelligent visual tracking system, long-term robust unknown object tracking and recognizer is important. We propose the real-time intelligent tracking system equipped with recognizer operating on long-term situation by using novel tracking framework Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD) and deep convolutional neural network. The system is validated on long-term surveillance to tracking and recognizing object.