Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graph-Based Ontology Checking ⁄

Despite the growing availability of ontologies, the reuse of existing ontologies is often not possible without considerable efiort. When one wants to reuse an ontology by importing it into ontology editors, the import process is not always successful due to an ill-formed content. Many existing ontology editors provide consistency detection by connecting to a reasoner, and highlighting the inconsistencies. However, no explanation nor functionalities are provided for users to correct the problems. In this paper we introduce a graph-based approach to checking ontology inconsistencies, implemented in our tool, ReTAX++. The system not only highlights the inconsistencies in an ontology by interacting with a reasoner, but also provides facilities for users to resolve the problems. By formalising an ontology as a graph, we check which relationships of the inconsistent concepts may cause the contradiction, and a number of options to resolve the problems are provided. Currently, we only focus on disjointedness and complement contradictions.
Genetic and Molecular Aspects of Thyrotoxic Cardiomyopathy

In this review we focused on the cardiomyopathy, which develops secondary to thyrotoxicosis. Whereas its secondary etiology, there is still evidence of heritable component. The investigation of molecular and genetic basis of thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy (TCMP) can improve treatment strategies and provide new potential drug targets for its therapy. Also increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of TCMP will improve risk prediction of severe cardiovascular complication in patients with thyrotoxicosis. One of the genetic basis research directions is study of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of various genes, so-called genes of susceptibility or genes – candidates. It is significant line of TCMP investigation because limited success in severe TCMP treatment is due to the less understanding of its molecular pathophysiology.
Desensitization of G-protein-coupled Receptors

Agonist-induced phosphorylation of G-protein-coupled receptors has been shown to facilitate the desensitization processes, such as receptor internalization, decreased efficiency of coupling to G-proteins, or decreased ligand affinity. The lowered affinity may be an intrinsic property of the phosphorylated receptor or it may be the result of altered interactions between the modified receptor and downstream components such as G-proteins or arrestins. To address this issue, we purified cAR1, the major chemoattractant receptor of Dictyostelium discoideum by a strategy that is independent of the ligand binding capacity of the receptor. To our knowledge, this represents the first successful purification of a chemoattractant receptor. The hexyl-histidine-tagged receptor was solubilized from a highly enriched plasma membrane preparation and purified by Ni2+-chelating chromatography. The protocol offers a simple way to purify 100–500 μg of a G-protein coupled receptor that can be targeted to the plasma membrane ofD. discoideum. The K d value for the purified cAR1 was about 200 nm, consistent with that of receptors that are not coupled to G-proteins in intact cells. In contrast, the affinity of phosphorylated cAR1, purified from desensitized cells, was about three times lower. Treatment of the phosphorylated receptor with protein phosphatases caused dephosphorylation and parallel restoration of higher affinity. We propose that ligand-induced phosphorylation of G-protein-coupled receptors causes a decrease in intrinsic affinity and may be useful in maintaining the receptor’s sensitivity at high agonist levels. This affinity decrease may precede other processes such as receptor internalization or uncoupling from G-proteins.
Novel Quinoxaline-2-Carbonitrile-1,4-Dioxide Derivatives Suppress HIF1α Activity and Circumvent MDR in Cancer Cells

ABSTRACT A series of 3-aryl/hetarylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile-1,4-dioxides was synthesized and evaluated against breast cancer cell lines in normoxia and hypoxia. Selected compounds in this series demonstrated better cytotoxicity and comparable hypoxia selectivity than tirapazamine. In contrast to Dox, quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides showed potent cytotoxicity against different MDR cells. Compound 2g inhibits of cancer cell growth through p53-independent mechanisms. Our results showed that compound 2g sensitized MCF-7 cells to metformin in hypoxia. Treatment with 2g results in the increase of ROS accumulation in cancer cells. Compound 2g can be considered as the lead compound for further anticancer drug design, evaluation, and development of new potent antitumor agents.
Rare Osteoarthritis: Ochronosis and Kashin-Beck Disease

normally retained in the body because of its high renal clearance; the absence of the HGD enzyme leads to abundant urinary excretion of homogentisic acid, which darkens slowly upon oxidation by prolonged exposure to air. The darkening is hastened by the addition of alkali to the urine and is reflected in the original term for homogentisic acid, alkapton, which refers to its avidity for alkali. The distinctiveness of alkaptonuria accounts for reports of dark urine, including urine “as black as ink,” dating as far back as the Middle Ages. There has even been biochemical confirmation that ochronotic pigment in the bone and articular hip cartilage of an Egyptian mummy originated from homogentisic acid, which demonstrates that this disorder has afflicted humans since ancient times.
Fast algorithm for Morphological Filters

In surface metrology, morphological filters, which evolved from the envelope filtering system (E-system) work well for functional prediction of surface finish in the analysis of surfaces in contact. The naive algorithms are time consuming, especially for areal data, and not generally adopted in real practice. A fast algorithm is proposed based on the alpha shape. The hull obtained by rolling the alpha ball is equivalent to the morphological opening/closing in theory. The algorithm depends on Delaunay triangulation with time complexity O(nlogn). In comparison to the naive algorithms it generates the opening and closing envelope without combining dilation and erosion. Edge distortion is corrected by reflective padding for open profiles/surfaces. Spikes in the sample data are detected and points interpolated to prevent singularities. The proposed algorithm works well both for morphological profile and area filters. Examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and superiority on efficiency of this algorithm over the naive algorithm.
Tumour regression in the randomized Stockholm III Trial of radiotherapy regimens for rectal cancer

The Stockholm III Trial randomized patients with primary operable rectal cancers to either short‐course radiotherapy (RT) with immediate surgery (SRT), short‐course RT with surgery delayed 4–8 weeks (SRT‐delay) or long‐course RT with surgery delayed 4–8 weeks. This preplanned interim analysis examined the pathological outcome of delaying surgery.
Ramjet Nozzle Analysis for Transport Aircraft Configuration for Sustained Hypersonic Flight

For the past several decades, research dealing with hypersonic flight regimes has been restricted mainly to military applications. Hypersonic transportation could be a possible and affordable solution to travel in the medium term and there is renewed interest from several private organisations for commercial exploitation in this direction. Various combined cycle propulsion configurations have been proposed and the present paper deals with implications for the nozzle component of a ramjet configuration as part of one such combined cycle propulsion configuration. An investigation was undertaken for a method of turbine-based propulsion which enables the hypersonic vehicle to take off under its own power and propel the aircraft under different mission profiles into ramjet operational Mach regimes. The present study details an optimal method of ramjet exhaust expansion to produce sufficient thrust to propel the vehicle into altitudes and Mach regimes where scramjet operation can be initiated. This aspect includes a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based geometric study to determine the optimal configuration to provide the best thrust values. The CFD parametric analysis investigated three candidate nozzles and indicated that the dual bell nozzle design produced the highest thrust values when compared to other nozzle geometries. The altitude adaptation study also validated the effectiveness of the nozzle thrust at various altitudes without compromising its thrust-producing capabilities. Computational data were validated against published experimental data, which indicated that the computed values correlated well with the experimental data.
Efficacy of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Profile of Lp ( a ) in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The serum levels of Lp (a) is considered as a risk factor and a predictor of atherosclerotic vascular disease. The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased in the serum levels of Lp (a), and endothelial dysfunction. EPA has the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antithrombogenic, and antiarteriosclerotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation on the serum profile of Lp (a) in the diabetic patients. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebocontrolled clinical trial. Thirty six patients with type 2 diabetes were given written; informed consent, randomly were classified into 2 groups. They were supplemented with 2 g/day of the capsules of EPA or placebo. At the start and the end of the intervention, blood sample for measurement of the serum levels of Lp (a), and lipids, as well as FBS and HbA1c were given. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding any demographic, clinical or biochemical data, total energy intake, and macronutrient intake at the baseline, and during the intervention, except for a significant increase of protein intake and the levels of HbA1c in the placebo group, and a significant increase of HDL-c, and a significant decrease in the serum levels Lp (a), as well as a slight reduce of TC, LDL-c, TG and FBS in the supplement group. Conclusions: EPA is atheroprotective via decrease in the serum levels of Lp (a), as well as change in the serum levels of lipids, and FBS. [Mohammad Hassan Golzari, Saeed Hosseini, Fariba Koohdani, Seyde Ali Keshavarz, Mahmoud Djalali . Efficacy of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Profile of Lp (a) in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):134-141]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub. net/stem. 17. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.17.
Small deviations of a Galton–Watson process with immigration

We consider a Galton-Watson process with immigration $(\mathcal{Z}_n)$, with offspring probabilities $(p_i)$ and immigration probabilities $(q_i)$. In the case when $p_0=0$, $p_1\neq 0$, $q_0=0$ (that is, when $\text{essinf} (\mathcal{Z}_n)$ grows linearly in $n$), we establish the asymptotics of the left tail $\mathbb{P}\{\mathcal{W} \text{essinf} (\mathcal{Z}_{\mathcal{K}})$ and study the asymptotic behaviour of $\mathcal{K}$ conditionally on $\{\mathcal{W}<\varepsilon\}$, as $\varepsilon\downarrow 0$. We find the scale at which $\mathcal{K}$ goes to infinity and describe the fluctuations of $\mathcal{K}$ around that scale. Finally, we compare the results with those for standard Galton-Watson processes.
Common Control Channel Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks through UWB Multi-hop Communications

The implementation of a common control channel is one of the most challenging issues in cognitive radio networks, since a fully reliable control channel cannot be created without reserving bandwidth specifically for this purpose. In this paper, we investigate a promising solution that exploits the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology to let cognitive radio nodes discover each other and exchange control information for establishing a communication link. The contribution of this paper is threefold: (i) we define the communication protocol needed to let cognitive radio nodes discover each other and exchange control information for link set up, (ii) we overcome the gap in coverage, which typically exists between UWB and long-medium range technologies, by using multi-hop communications, (iii) we evaluate the performance of our approach and show its feasibility through extensive simulations.
Personal care products and endocrine disruption: A critical review of the literature

This article reviews laboratory and epidemiological research into the endocrine disruptive effects of components of personal care products, namely, phthalate esters, parabens, ultraviolet (UV) filters, polycyclic musks, and antimicrobials. High doses of phthalates in utero can produce “phthalate syndrome,” demasculinizing effects in male rat offspring due to impaired testosterone production by fetal testes. However, evidence linking phthalate exposure to similar effects in humans appears inconclusive. Furthermore, phthalate exposure derived from personal care products is within safe limits and its principal bioavailable phthalate, diethyl phthalate (DEP), does not produce “phthalate syndrome. ” Parabens exhibit very weak estrogen activity in vitro and in vivo, but evidence of paraben-induced developmental and reproductive toxicity in vivo lacks consistency and physiological coherence. Evidence attempting to link paraben exposure with human breast cancer is nonexistent. Select UV filters at high doses produce estrogenic, antithyroid, and other effects in rats in vivo. Again, no evidence links UV filter exposure to endocrine disruptive effects in humans. Some polycyclic musks weakly bind to estrogen, androgen, or progestin receptors and exhibit primarily antagonistic activity in vitro, which for the most part, has yet to be confirmed in vivo in mammals. The antimicrobials triclocarban and triclosan evoke weak responses mediated by aryl hydrocarbon, estrogen, and androgen receptors in vitro, which require confirmation in vivo. Preliminary observations suggest a novel interaction between triclocarban and testosterone. In conclusion, although select constituents exhibit interactions with the endocrine system in the laboratory, the evidence linking personal care products to endocrine disruptive effects in humans is for the most part lacking.
Neighbourhood food environments: are they associated with adolescent dietary intake, food purchases and weight status?

Abstract Objective To examine neighbourhood food environments, adolescent nutrition and weight status. Design Cross-sectional, observational study. Setting Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan region, Minnesota, USA. Subjects A total of 349 adolescents were recruited to the study. Participants completed 24 h dietary recalls and had their weight and height measured. They also reported demographic information and other diet-related behaviours. Geographic Information Systems were used to examine the availability and proximity of food outlets, particularly those captured within the 800, 1600 and/or 3000 m network buffers around participants’ homes and schools. Results Adjusting for gender, age and socio-economic status, adolescents’ sugar-sweetened beverage intake was associated with residential proximity to restaurants (including fast food), convenience stores, grocery stores and other retail facilities within the 800 and/or 1600 m residential buffers (P ≤ 0·01). BMI Z-score and percentage body fat were positively associated with the presence of a convenience store within a 1600 m buffer. Other individual-level factors, such as energy, fruit and vegetable intake, as well as convenience store and fast food purchasing, were not significantly associated with features of the residential neighbourhood food environment in adjusted models. In addition, school neighbourhood environments yielded few associations with adolescent outcomes. Conclusions Many factors are likely to have an important role in influencing adolescent dietary intake and weight status. Interventions aimed at increasing neighbourhood access to healthy foods, as well as other approaches, are needed.
Comparison of Elastic Design and Performance Based Plastic Design Method Based on the Inelastic Response Analysis using SAP2000

Presented in this paper is the comparison of a steel moment resisting frame designed by the Performance based Plastic design method and conventional elastic design method based on the seismic evaluation done by both nonlinear static (Push over Analysis) and nonlinear dynamic analysis (Time history analysis) under different ground motions using the SAP2000 software. The Performance based Plastic design is a displacement based method which uses pre-selected target drift and yield mechanisms as design criteria whereas the elastic design method is based on the conventional force based limit state method. The nonlinear static pushover analysis shows formation of hinges in columns of the frame designed using elastic design approach leading to collapse. Whereas in the Performance based Plastic design method, formation of hinges is seen in the beams and bottom of base columns. Although the ground motions caused large displacements in the Performance based Plastic design frame as it was seen from the acceleration and displacement responses obtained from the nonlinear time history analysis, the structure did not lose stability. Study of hysteretic energy dissipation results reveals that the Performance based Plastic design method is superior to the elastic design method in terms of the optimum capacity utilization.
A review of the Chitty Hypothesis of population regulation

Populations do not increase without limit, and one of the central problems of population biology is to explain why. The self-regulation hypothesis states that indefinite increase in population density is prevented by a change in the quality of the population. Changes in quality may be physiological or behavioural, genotypic or phenotypic, and three different mechanisms of self-regulation have been proposed: (1) the Stress Hypothesis suggests that mutual interactions lead to physiological changes, phenotypic in origin, that reduce births and increase deaths. (2) The Behaviour Hypothesis suggests that mutual interactions involving spacing behaviour prevent unlimited increase and that spacing behaviour is not an inherited trait. (3) The Chitty Hypothesis, or polymorphic behaviour hypothesis, postulates that spacing behaviour limits population density and that individual differences in spacing behaviour have a genetic basis and respond to rapid natural selection.The testability of the Chitty Hypothesis is exa.
Local search of communities in large graphs

Community search is important in social network analysis. For a given vertex in a graph, the goal is to find the best community the vertex belongs to. Intuitively, the best community for a given vertex should be in the vicinity of the vertex. However, existing solutions use \emph{global search} to find the best community. These algorithms, although straight-forward, are very costly, as all vertices in the graph may need to be visited. In this paper, we propose a \emph{local search} strategy, which searches in the neighborhood of a vertex to find the best community for the vertex. We show that, because the minimum degree measure used to evaluate the goodness of a community is not \emph{monotonic}, designing efficient local search solutions is a very challenging task. We present theories and algorithms of local search to address this challenge. The efficiency of our local search strategy is verified by extensive experiments on both synthetic networks and a variety of real networks with millions of nodes.
Is breakfast consumption related to mental distress and academic performance in adolescents?

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship between mental distress, academic performance and regular breakfast consumption across gender and immigration status. Design Cross-sectional population-based study. Two four-page questionnaires were filled in during two school sessions. Setting All junior high schools in Oslo, Norway using the classroom as the setting for the study. Subjects All 10th grade students 15–16 years olds in 2000 and 2001. Of 8316 eligible students, 7343 (88.3%) participated in the study. Results All immigrant groups, except the Western countries group, are skipping breakfast more often than Norwegian students, and girls more often than boys (27 versus 19%). After adjustment for possible confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) for being mentally distressed when eating breakfast seldom/never compared with every day was 3.0 (2.0–4.5) for boys, 1.6 (1.2–2.1) for girls and 1.6 (1.5–2.6) for the immigrant group. The comparable OR for having low school grades was similar for boys and girls, 2.0 (1.3–3.0), and 1.6 (1.5–2.6) for the immigrant groups. Conclusions Skipping breakfast is a common feature among 10th grade students. The implications of skipping breakfast on mental distress and academic performance are stronger for boys than girls and stronger for Norwegians compared with immigrants.
Risk factors and biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an observational cross-sectional population survey

Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health burden in China, and its prevalence is increasing. This study aimed to determine the risk factors and biomarkers of NAFLD. Design An observational cross-sectional primary survey. Setting Central China. Participants The study included 1479 participants aged over 18 and below 80 years, not currently being treated for cancer or infectious disease or no surgery in the previous year, and no history of cancer or an infectious disease. Participants underwent clinical examination, metabolomic assay and anthropometric assessment. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between covariates and NAFLD. Main outcome measures Risk factors and metabolic biomarkers including sex, body mass index, hypertension, body fat ratio, blood triglycerides, blood fasting glucose, liver enzyme elevation, uric acid and oleic acid-hydroxy oleic acid (OAHOA). Results Data from the 447 participants (mean age 44.3±11.9 years) were analysed, and the prevalence of NAFLD was 24.7%. Male sex (OR 3.484, 95% CI 2.028 to 5.988), body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 (OR 8.494, 95% CI 5.581 to 12.928), body fat ratio (≥25 for women, ≥20 for men) (OR 1.833, 95% CI 1.286 to 2.756), triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L (OR 1.340, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.785), fasting glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L (OR 3.324, 95% CI 1.888 to 5.850), blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive drug treatment (OR 1.451, 95% CI 1.069 to 1.970), uric acid (≥357 μmol/L for women, ≥416 μmol/L for men) (OR 2.755, 95% CI 2.009 to 3.778) and OAHOA (<5 nmol/L) (OR 1.340, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.785) were independent predictors of NAFLD (all P<0.05). These results were verified by all 1479 participants. Conclusions NAFLD was common among the study participants. In particular, NAFLD was correlated with uric acid. We identified OAHOA as a novel marker of NAFLD prevalence. It provides a reference on the prevention of NAFLD and related metabolic diseases with the rapid urbanisation, technological advancement and population ageing in China over the recent decades.