Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Merrimac: Supercomputing with Streams

Merrimac uses stream architecture and advanced interconnection networks to give an order of magnitude more performance per unit cost than cluster-based scientific computers built from the same technology. Organizing the computation into streams and exploiting the resulting locality using a register hierarchy enables a stream architecture to reduce the memory bandwidth required by representative applications by an order of magnitude or more. Hence a processing node with a fixed bandwidth (expensive) can support an order of magnitude more arithmetic units (inexpensive). This in turn allows a given level of performance to be achieved with fewer nodes (a 1-PFLOPS machine, for example, with just 8,192 nodes) resulting in greater reliability, and simpler system management. We sketch the design of Merrimac, a streaming scientific computer that can be scaled from a $20K 2 TFLOPS workstation to a $20M 2 PFLOPS supercomputer and present the results of some initial application experiments on this architecture.
Speculative dynamics and feedback trading A nonlinear model

We consider a market where a risky asset with a well defined fundamental value is traded. We have in our mind a future, whose fundamental value is its terminal value. In the market there are three groups of agents: feedback traders, fundamental traders and noise traders. Feedback traders base their strategy on the past evolution of the asset price. We consider only positive feedback traders who buy if the price has increased and sell if the price has decreased. Fundamental traders forecast the future asset price on the basis of the distance between the asset price and his fundamental value. They buy or sell the risky asset according to whether their forecasts of asset future returns are higher or lower than a required return. Finally, noise traders are pure noise in the market demand, buying or selling the risky asset only for their liquidity needs. Following [6] we omit dividends and interest rates. We define the cumulative rate of the excess demand for the asset at discrete time k as xk = nθ (ax (1) k + bx (2) k + cx (3) k )
Diagnostic and Therapy Prediction in Breast Cancer by Consistent Knowledge Discovery

Cells are able to use the bottom-up information (genome versus metabolic pathway) but also top-down environment/gene mutation. Our approach considers the information emergency from the sub-systems to the whole system. In these conditions an unified analytical model is very difficult to build up. Therefore an abstract model can be very helpful for prognosis diagnostic in medical science. We enhance the pertinence analysis of the information which is primordially to find out relationship between experimental data and biological knowledge.
Insertion and internalization of acetylcholine receptors at clustered and diffuse domains on cultured myotubes

Two populations of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are present in cultured myotubes. One forms large aggregates or clusters and the other has a much lower density of AChRs, which are diffusely distributed. Both clustered and diffuse AChRs are inserted and removed (internalized) from the sarcolemma. To determine the insertion and removal rates of AChRs in these two plasma membrane domains, we used a double label technique to distinguish and quantitate newly inserted and "old" AChRs. Application of our method revealed that the rate of AChR internalization is the same at the clustered and diffuse regions of the plasma membrane, whereas the rate of insertion is threefold greater at the clusters than elsewhere in the plasma membrane. Thus, the increase in AChR number at the clusters is not due to an increase in their half- life, but to an increase in their rate of insertion.
Breaking down the Wall of Codes: Evaluating Non-Financial Performance Measurement

In some third-world factories there is a literal "wall of codes. " Posted are dozens of codes of conduct as defined by dozens of customer, firm, and industry groups and a host of certifying organizations. The cost of this wall of codes is clear for managers: They must fill out endless forms and host endless visits from compliance auditors. Less obviously, the wall of codes is costly for consumers and other stakeholders who care about the social performance of businesses. Not only must they pay the (passed on) costs of compliance, but with so many standards they cannot always identify which standards and codes are valid measures of true social responsibility. This article documents the proliferation of metrics and outlines some of the problems regarding reliability, validity, and comparability of existing codes. It examines two large sets of metrics: those used in the apparel industry and those created by the socially responsible investment funds. It concludes with some practical suggestions that will help reduce the burdens on managers and yield more reliable, valid, and comparable metrics.
Performance evaluation of VSM and LSI models to determine bug reports similarity

Bug reports of open source software systems are increasing exponentially. One reason for growing bug reports is that bug reporters do not browse the bug repository before submitting a bug report. There may be some similar bugs already reported: one, which are exactly similar or duplicate and other, which are semantically similar means they may belong to the same software component or files. The information contained in the previously reported similar bugs can be helpful in fixing and resolving the newly reported bugs. In this paper, we applied and compared performance of two information retrieval (IR) models: Vector Space Model (VSM) and Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), in extracting existing similar bug reports. The performance of these two models have been evaluated based on the Top Ten results retrieved by them for relevant bug reports. Experiments have been conducted on 106 bug reports of three components from Google chrome, browser. Result shows that LSI performs better in most cases in comparison to VSM.
Digital Chromoendoscopy for Diagnosis of Diminutive Colorectal Lesions

Introduction. To compare the accuracy of digital and real-time chromoendoscopy for the differential diagnosis of diminutive (<5 mm) neoplastic and nonneoplastic colorectal lesions. Materials and Methods. This is a prospective randomized study comparing the Fujinon intelligent color enhancement (FICE) system (65 patients/95 lesions) and indigo carmine (69 patients/120 lesions) in the analysis of capillary meshwork and pit pattern, respectively. All lesions were less than 5 mm in diameter, and magnification was used in both groups. Histopathology was the gold standard examination. Results. Of 215 colorectal lesions, 153 (71.2%) were adenomas, and 62 were hyperplastic polyps (28.8%). Morphological analysis revealed 132 (61.4%) superficial lesions, with 7 (3.3%) depressed lesions, and 83 (38.6%) protruding lesions. Vascular meshwork analysis using FICE and magnification resulted in 91.7% sensitivity, 95.7% specificity, and 92.6% accuracy in differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions. Pit pattern analysis with indigo carmine and magnification showed 96.5% sensitivity, 88.2% specificity, and 94.2% accuracy for the same purpose. Conclusion. Both magnifying virtual chromoendoscopy and indigo carmine chromoendoscopy showed high accuracy in the histopathological diagnosis of colorectal lesions less than 5 mm in diameter.
Performance Analysis of Bandwidth Utilization in WiMAX Network

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is currently one of the newest technologies in wireless communication. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined a spectrum for each region, (Asia is in 3rd region) which is fixed for lifetime. The available spectrum is limited for any type of communication and hence it becomes more expensive. Hence it becomes obvious to use allotted bandwidth of one user to another user when the first user is not requiring. For that, "Bandwidth Recycling" concept is introduced. Many times it is seen that the spectrum (bandwidth) is not fully utilized by the users in the particular specific interval. This unused bandwidth can be allocated to other users who demands for more bandwidth for that specific interval without changing existing bandwidth reservation scheme. This paper implements the algorithm which does bandwidth recycling as per need. To recycle the unused bandwidth priority based scheduling (PSA) algorithm has been tested & to improve the recycling effectiveness rejected bandwidth request first algorithm (RBRFA) and history based scheduling algorithm (HSA) are also implemented and tested. All algorithms are implemented successfully using Netbean (V 7.4). The implemented schemes are applicable wherever bandwidth becomes a critical resource, so the unused bandwidth can be utilized by other users. Result shows that all schemes can utilize the unused bandwidth effectively by other users.
Anderson localization: 2‐D system in an external magnetic field and the generalized diffusion approach

The analytical approach developed by us for the calculation of the phase diagram for the Anderson localization via disorder [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14, 13777 (2002)] is generalized here to the case of a strong magnetic field when q subbands (q = 1, 2, 3) arise. It is shown that in a line with the generally accepted point of view, each subband is characterized by a critical point with a divergent localization length ξ which reveals anomaly in energy and disorder parameters. These critical points belong to the phase coexistence area which cannot be interpreted by means of numerical investigations. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reproducibility of the analytab (API 20E) system

The reproducibility of the Analytab (API 20E) system for identification of Enterobacteriaceae was evaluated with 110 clinical isolates. Each isolate was identified by two technologists at different times. Genus-species identification was 97.3% reproducible; however, only 55.5% of the strains gave identical reactions in all 20 of the API 20E biochemical tests on repeat testing. Of those strains which varied, 56% possessed only one variable biochemical test. The reproducibility for each biochemical test was calculated and ranged from 89 to 100%. A subset of 20 of the most variable strains was tested further under conditions of varying incubation time (15 and 22 h) and inoculum concentration (10(7), 10(5), and 10(3) colony-forming units per ml), and by having four technologists interpret the test results. The reproducibility for each biochemical test for these 20 variable strains ranged from 86 to 99%. Less variation in interpretation by technologists was seen at an incubation time of 22 h and an inoculum concentration of 10(7) colony-forming units per ml. Consideration of the reproducibility for each biochemical test can aid in determining the probability that two isolates suspected of being the same strain, but with API profiles which differ by one or more biochemical test results, are in fact the same strain. Variables such as inoculum size, incubation time, technologist interpretation, and strip variability affect the API test results and should be standardized to minimize their effects.
PD-L1 and gastric cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The expression of Programmed cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is observed in many malignant tumors and is associated with poor prognosis including Gastric Cancer (GC). The relationship between PD-L1 expression and prognosis, however, is controversial in GC. This paper purports to use a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between PD-L1 expression and prognosis in GC. For this study, the following databases were searched for articles published from June 2003 until February 2017: PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The baseline information extracted were: authors, year of publication, country where the study was performed, study design, sample size, follow-up time, baseline characteristics of the study population, pathologic data, overall survival (OS). A total of 15 eligible studies covering 3291 patients were selected for a meta-analysis based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis showed that the expression level of PD-L1 was associated with the overall survival in GC (Hazard Ratio, HR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.08–1.98, P = 0.01, random-effect). In addition to the above, subgroup analysis showed that GC patients with deeper tumor infiltration, positive lymph-node metastasis, positive venous invasion, Epstein-Barr virus infection positive (EBV+), Microsatellite Instability (MSI) are more likely to expression PD-L1. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that GC patients, specifically EBV+ and MSI, may be prime candidates for PD-1 directed therapy. These findings support anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies as a kind of immunotherapy which is promising for GC.
Empowerment through Entrepreneurship Education among the Undergraduates of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria

This study assessed the perception of student’s exposure to entrepreneurship training and skills acquisition in Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria. A stratified random sampling procedure was used to select 500 students (200 females and 300 males) from a population of 10,000 students. The students were stratified on the basis of age, gender, and Faculty. A self-constructed instrument with twenty items titled Students’ Perception of Entrepreneurship Assessment Questionnaire (SPEAQ) was administered on the students. The psychometric properties of the instrument used were established using content validity and test retest reliability. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Formula was used and 0.70 was obtained. Three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that entrepreneurship training could help to enhance self-development and provide necessary skills to guarantee students future self-sufficiency. The need to improve on the quality and practicability of the entrepreneurship programme was recommended.
Clustering of Blogs with Enhanced Semantics

Blogs are among the fastest growing space among the user generated content over the internet. It is fast becoming the tool for information dissemination, and communication. Blogs provide a platform for information sharing, discussions, and expression of reader‘s reactions to the blog post. Clustering of blogs greatly simplify blog searching and browsing by organizing them into similar groups. The Blogs are generally organized using tags. In this paper, we have studied the effect of considering other relevant neighborhood contexts and adding the extracted information to the original tag set carried by the blog. The added semantics is extracted by disambiguating all the synsets for the important terms/ or key phrases within the blog. This work reports the study of measuring similarity, on enhanced blog features and subsequently grouping of all blog articles based on the semantics of the tags they carry. We propose to include the semantics extracted from the title, body, and comments of a blog post to its original tagset in clustering blog documents and evaluate the hypothesis that adding extracted semantics from these blog constituents improves the cluster quality. For clustering k-means algorithm is used. The experimental results obtained confirm our hypothesis that adding the semantics improves better clusters. The approach first extracts the relevant features from the target blog corpus, title and comments. The other senses represented by the relevant keywords are discovered by using a general purpose semantics extractor. All the synsets of the relevant keywords are extracted from the WORDNET. The extracted keyword senses are then appended to the base tagsets. A semantic similarity measure is used for computing the semantic similarity among the documents. Clusters are obtained based on it. The two clusters output are compared. General Terms Clustering, blog mining, blog, text mining, semantic similarity
Knowlegde diffusion through FDI - established wisdom or wishful thinking?

In the present paper, I take a closer look at econometric efforts which aim to examine technology transfer through inward foreign direct investment (FDI). The contributions considered are systematized within the framework of the Investment Development Path (IDP) while focusing on some methodological issues. Although there still exist a number of challenges concerning estimation procedures, the following picture emerges. In the early stages of the IDP, foreign owned firms are on average more efficient than locally owned firms, possibly indicating certain ownership advantages of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Spillovers are mostly of the pecuniary kind, though “public good type” externalities may occur in sectors which acquire adaptive abilities. While empirical evidence is mixed, when controlled for selection and simultaneity bias neither direct nor indirect knowledge transfer appears to be present in developed countries. This result may be explained by the tightening of the technology gap. Developed country firms may still exchange experiences to a large extent. Existing estimation techniques simply do not provide sufficient potential for detecting the fundamental relations (that is, whether foreign firms learn from domestic firms, whether domestic firms learn from foreign firms or whether there are mutual advantages from interacting), and should be supplemented with case studies. 1 Correspondence to torunn.kvinge@fafo.no
Cultural Memory,Tradition Renewal and Heritage of Traditional Festivals

According to the theory of cultural memory raised by the German scholar Jan Assmann, ritual and text are two main mediums of cultural memory.Among all kinds of social rituals, annual festivals are most publicly,well organized and often accompanied by narrative literature with historical backgrounds.Thus, they offer the best possibilities for reserving and communicating cultural memory.In modern society, the participation of mass media enables the wide spread of ceremonial events, so that rural festivals become common cultural heritage of the entire population.They attract more public interest than in earlier times.The revitalized traditional festivals transmit cultural messages from the past, and play a symbolic role in the public consciousness of ethnicity, nationality and cultural identity.The maintenance of traditional festivals should be undertaken under the cooperation between the central and local government, experts and media.As a form of cultural transmission and a symbol of nation, their content and performances can be modified according to aesthetic and socio-educational needs.
Signcryption ( Short Survey )

Encryption and signature schemes are fundamental cryptographic tools for providing privacy and authenticity, respectively, in the public-key setting. Traditionally, these two important building-blocks of public-key cryptography have been considered as distinct entities that may be composed in various ways to ensure simultaneous message privacy and authentication. However, in the last few years a new, separate primitive — called signcryption [14] — has emerged to model a process simultaneously achieving privacy and authenticity. This emergence was caused by many related reasons. The obvious one is the fact that given that both privacy and authenticity are simultaneously needed in so many applications, it makes a lot of sense to invest special effort into designing a tailored, more efficient solution than a mere composition of signature and encryption. Another reason is that viewing authenticated encryption as a separate primitive may conceptually simplify the design of complex protocols which require both privacy and authenticity, as signcryption could now be viewed as an “indivisible” atomic operation. Perhaps most importantly, it was noticed by [3, 2] (following some previous work in the symmetric-key setting [4, 10]) that proper modeling of signcryption is not so obvious. For example, a straightforward composition of signature and encryption might not always work; at least, unless some special care is applied [2]. The main reason for such difficulties is the fact that signcryption is a complex multi-user primitive, which opens a possibility for some subtle attacks (discussed below), not present in the settings of stand-alone signature and encryption.
The Galaxy Luminosity Functions down to M ∼ −10 in the Hydra I Cluster

We study the galaxy population of the Hydra I cluster in the central region and a region about 0.6 Mpc away from its center in the B and RC bands down to M ∼ -10 using Subaru Suprime-Cam photometry. We find that the luminosity function of the entire population has a slightly steeper slope (α ∼ -1.6) in the range of -20 < M < -10 than those reported for other clusters in slightly brighter ranges. The slope appears to be steeper in poorer clusters. The number of faint galaxies (M > -14) increases in the cluster center, as well as in bright galaxies. The Hydra I cluster is dominated by red dwarfs, and the luminosity function shows a significant upturn at M ∼ -16, as is seen in several other nearby clusters but not in the field. This upturn and the variation in the faint-end slope of the luminosity function may be caused by the cluster environment or the evolution history of individual clusters.
Millimeter-Wave Printed Circuit Board Characterization Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide Resonators

This paper proposes a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-based method that is compliant with ground-signal-ground (GSG) probing technology for dielectric characterization of printed circuit board materials at millimeter wavelengths. This paper presents the theory necessary to retrieve dielectric parameters from the resonant characteristics of SIW cavities with particular attention placed on the coupling scheme and means for obtaining the unloaded resonant frequency. Different sets of samples are designed and measured to address the influence of the manufacturing process on the method. Material parameters are extracted at V - and W -band from measured data with the effect of surface roughness of the circuit metallization taken into account.
Fiber to the antenna: A step towards multimode radio architectures for 4G mobile broadband communications

During the evolution of mobile networks, reusability of network components has been always a main concern. At the same time, keeping operational and maintenance cost at reasonable levels is a major task. This paper presents and quantifies the advantages of using multimode remote radios capable of operating according to various standards (WCDMA, WiMAX and LTE) for resolving these challenges.
A three-dimensional time domain microwave imaging method for breast cancer detection based on an evolutionary algorithm

This paper presents a novel stochastic microwave method for the detection, location and reconstruction of electric properties of breast cancer in a simplifled breast phantom. The method is based on the inversion of time domain data. The problem is recast as an optimization one by deflning a suitable cost function which is then minimized using an e-cient evolutionary algorithm. Selected numerical simulations of a simplifled three dimensional breast model and a realistic numerical phantom based on magnetic resonance images (MRIs) are carried out to assess the capabilities of the method. The results obtained show that the proposed method is able to reconstruct the properties of a tumor-like inclusion to a reasonable degree of accuracy.