Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Stable Off-policy Training via Behavior-aware Evolutionary Learning

: Applying reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to real-world contin-uos control problems faces many challenges in terms of sample efﬁciency, stability and exploration. Off-policy RL algorithms show great sample efﬁciency but can be unstable to train and require effective exploration techniques for sparse reward environments. A simple yet effective approach to address these challenges is to train a population of policies and ensemble them in certain ways. In this work, a novel population-based evolutionary training framework inspired by evolution strategies (ES) called Behavior-aware Evolutionary Learning (BEL) is proposed. The main idea is to train a population of behaviorally diverse policies in parallel and conduct selection with simple linear recombination. BEL consists of two mechanisms called behavior-regularized perturbation (BRP) and behavior-targeted training (BTT) to accomplish stable and ﬁne control of the population behavior divergence. Experimental studies have shown that BEL not only has superior sample efﬁciency and stability compared to existing methods but can also produce diverse agents in sparse reward environments. Due to the parallel implementation, BEL also exhibits relatively good computation efﬁciency, making it a practical and competitive method to train policies for real-world robots.
Analysis of Packet to Detect Malware Files

: The article covers the procedure of detecting malicious files from a packet which was responsible to make the system infected, this paper will highlight all the key elements that plays a pivotal role in detecting those files. The primary motivation behind this work is to provide information about those malware files and the detection of those files. This article also describes the use of perfect packet analysis software as well as its key features which can make our analysis simpler. Moreover, this article concludes with the author's perspective regarding the malware analysis
Multimedia Short Text Classiﬁcation via Deep RNN-CNN Cascade

—With the rapid development of mobile technologies, social networking softwares such as Twitter, Weibo and WeChat are becoming ubiquitous in our every day life. These social networks generate a deluge of data that consists of not only plain texts but also images, videos, and audios. As a consequence, the traditional approaches that classify the short text by counting only the key words become inadequate. In this paper, we propose a multimedia short text classiﬁcation approach by deep RNN(Recurrent neural network ) and CNN(Convolutional neural network) cascade. We ﬁrst employ an LSTM(Long short-term memory) network to convert the information in the images into text information. Then a convolutional neural network is used to classify the multimedia texts by taking into account both the texts generated from the image as well as those contained in the initial message. It is seen through experiments using MSCOCO dataset that the proposed method exhibits signiﬁ-cant performance improvement over the traditional methods.
Is Anyone There? Learning a Planner Contingent on Perceptual Uncertainty

: Robots in complex multi-agent environments should reason about the intentions of observed and currently unobserved agents. In this paper, we present a new learning-based method for prediction and planning in complex multi-agent environments where the states of the other agents are partially-observed. Our approach, Active Visual Planning (AVP), uses high-dimensional observations to learn a flow-based generative model of multi-agent joint trajectories, including unobserved agents that may be revealed in the near future, depending on the robot’s actions. Our predictive model is implemented using deep neural networks that map raw observations to future detection and pose trajectories and is learned entirely offline using a dataset of recorded observations (not ground-truth states). Once learned, our predictive model can be used for contingency planning over the potential existence, intentions, and positions of unobserved agents. We demonstrate the effectiveness of AVP on a set of autonomous driving environments inspired by real-world scenarios that require reasoning about the existence of other unobserved agents for safe and efficient driving. In these environments, AVP achieves expert-level closed-loop performance, while methods that do not reason about potential unobserved agents exhibit either overconfident or underconfident behavior.
A new species of Amynodontopsis (Perissodactyla: Amynodontidae) from the Middle Eocene of Jiyuan, Henan, China

An adult amynodont skull, collected from the Middle Eocene Niezhuang Formation of Jiyuan Basin (Henan, China), is recognized as a new species Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis sp. nov. The specimen possesses the typical features of the genus Amynodontopsis , such as a dolichocephalic skull with elevated roof, premaxilla-nasal contact, large preorbital fossa extending posteriorly medial to the orbit, inner surface of anterior orbital bar concave in continuation with the preorbital fossa, antecrochet usually presented on M1, and metastyle of M3 strongly deflected labially. A . jiyuanensis is diagnosed by a combination of the following characters: long nasals, nasal process of premaxilla extending far back laterally below the nasal and excluding the maxilla from the border of external nares, nasal notch above the post-canine diastema, more transverse and proportionally longer protoloph and metaloph on upper molars. Comparison with known species of Amynodontopsis indicates that it is the most primitive one in the genus, due to the possession of primitive characters. Associated fossil mammals support a correlation of the strata bearing A . jiyuanensis with the Shara Murun Formation of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China, namely the Middle Eocene Sharamurunian Asian Land Mammal Age (ALMA), prior to all other known Amynodontopsis species. The earlier geologic age and primitive morphological features of A . jiyuanensis suggest that Amynodontopsis has an Asian origin in the Middle Eocene and later immigrated into North America.
Sharia Supervisory Board

This study reviews research on the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) role in Scopus indexed journals. This analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis based on 116 selected papers related to the Sharia Supervisory Board role from national and international journals. All samples of published journals have been published from 2010 to 2021. The export data is then processed and analyzed using the VOSviewer application program to find out the bibliometric visualization map to develop Sharia Supervisory Board role research. The results of this bibliometric mapping research show a map of the development of research in the field of Sharia Supervisory Board role. The most popular keywords are Sharia Supervisory Board, Islamic Banking, Shariah Governance, and Islamic Financial Institution. The most popular author is Alam M.K. The most popular institution is the Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia. The most popular country is Malaysia. In addition, this study also finds that the role of the Sharia Supervisory Board in an Islamic Financial Institution is very urgent in ensuring sharia compliance.
A theoretical analysis of self-sustained pulsation phenomena in narrow-stripe semiconductor lasers

Phenomena of the self-sustained pulsation are being utilized for reduction of the excess noise in the semiconductor injection laser. The generating mechanism of the self-sustained pulsation in semiconductor lasers having a narrow strip structure was theoretically analyzed. The pulsation is generated by the existence of the active region as well as the saturable absorbing regions located outside of the active region. The width of the active region (stripe width) should be narrower than several microns in a GaAs laser to get the pulsation. The gain guiding or the antiindex guiding with narrower active region is profitable to get higher operation keeping the pulsation. >
The extension of OB star winds to lower luminosities

Mass loss rates derived for a number of early-to-mid B main-sequence stars have been compared with extrapolations of recently derived empirical correlations between M and stellar parameters for luminous OB stars. Although there is sufficient scatter within the sample of B star mass loss rates to obscure any correlations that may exist within this group, the order of magnitude of the rates for these stars is consistent with a simple dependence on luminosity over the range from Of to mid-B, and is not consistent with previously derived correlations involving a dependence on mass or radius. This implies that luminosity is the dominant factor in driving the mass loss through the range of spectral types from mid-B main sequence to Of. It appears that the winds in Be stars may represent a straightforward extension of the OB star wind phenomenon to lower luminosities, although the internal scatter allows the possibility that factors other than L may have some influence on M for the B main-sequence stars. There appears to be no significant difference between B and Be stars in terms of their wind characteristics.
On the Exact and Approximate Sampling Distribution of the Two Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Criterion D mn , m ≤ n

Abstract The size of errors of the Smirnov approximation to the exact null distribution of the two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion Dmn, m≤n is investigated. It is shown that a sample size n of 100 is necessary before the overestimating effect of the Smirnov distribution becomes negligible. Several improvements over the Smirnov approximation are considered. With continuity correction of order of , the Smirnov approximation accomplishes for n = 50 about what it does for n = 100 without continuity correction. For n ≥ 25, m/n≥. 10, a competitor superior to the Smirnov approximation and having an approximately normal distribution is shown to exist through a logarithmic transformation of Dmn. For n≥50, m/n≤. 10, the Kolmogorov one sample results are shown to give a better approximation than the competitor. Numerical results are included to show that the normal approximation is on the average as good as or somewhat better than the Smirnov approximation with continuity correction.
Hybrid block truncation coding

A hybrid block truncation coding (BTC) is presented. In the hybrid BTC, a universal codebook using Hamming codes and a differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) are employed, respectively, to the bit plane and the side information of BTC to reduce coding rate. Simulation results reveal that the performance of the proposed algorithm is only slightly worse than that of the hybrid BTC using vector quantization (VQ) techniques, but with much lower computational or hardware complexity.
FROM CELLULAR AUTOMATON RULES TO A MACROSCOPIC MEAN-FIELD DESCRIPTION

CenterforInformationServicesandHighPerformanceComputingTechnischeUniversitatDresdenNothnitzerstr. 46,01069Dresden,Germanyharalambos.hatzikirou@tu-dresden.de(ReceivedFebruary2,2010)Cellularautomata(CA)maybeviewedassimplemodelsofself-organiz-ingcomplexsystems. Here,wefocusonanimportantclassofCA,theso-calledlattice-gascellularautomata(LGCA),whichhavebeenproposedasmodelsofspatio-temporalpatternformationinbiology. Asanexample,weintroduceaLGCAmodelforasimplebiologicalgrowthprocessbasedonrandomlymovingandproliferatingagents. Wedemonstratehowamean-ﬁeldapproximationcanyieldinsightintotheformationofspatialpatternsandcalculateimportantmacroscopicobservablesforthebiologicalgrowthprocess. In particular, we address the role of the diﬀusion strength inthe approximation by distinguishing well-stirred and spatially distributedcases. Finally, we discuss the potential and limitations of the mean-ﬁelddescriptioninanalyzingbiologicalpatternformation. PACSnumbers: 87.17. Aa,87.10. Hk,05.50. +q
Attenuated wave-induced drift in a viscous rotating ocean

Mean drift currents due to spatially periodic surface waves in a viscous rotating fluid are investigated theoretically. The analysis is based on the Lagrangian description of motion. The fluid is homogeneous, the depth is infinite, and there is no continuous energy input at the surface. Owing to viscosity the wave field and the associated mass transport will attenuate in time. For the non-rotating case the present approach yields the time-decaying Stokes drift in a slightly viscous ocean. The analysis shows that the drift velocities are finite everywhere. In a rotating fluid it is found that the effect of viscosity implies a non-zero net mass transport associated with the waves, as opposed to the result of no net transport obtained from inviscid theory (Ursell 1950).
Rank-based autoregressive order identification

Abstract Optimal rank-based procedures have been derived for testing arbitrary linear restrictions on the parameters of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models with unspecified innovation densities. The finite-sample performances of these procedures are investigated here in the context of AR order identification and compared to those of classical (partial correlograms and Lagrange multipliers) methods. The results achieved by rank-based methods are quite comparable, in the Gaussian case, to those achieved by the traditional ones, which, under Gaussian assumptions, are asymptotically optimal. However, under non-Gaussian innovation densities, especially heavy-tailed or nonsymmetric, or when outliers are present, the percentages of correct order selection based on rank methods are strikingly better than those resulting from traditional approaches, even in the case of very short (n = 25) series. These empirical findings confirm the often ignored theoretical fact that the Gaussian case, in the ARMA context.
Two sample test for high-dimensional partially paired data

In this paper, we study two sample test for the equality of mean vectors of high-dimensional partially paired data. Extending the results of Lim et al. [12], we propose a new type of regularized statistics, denoted by , which is a convex combination of the regularized Hotelling's t-statistic (HT) for two independent multivariate samples and that for multivariate paired samples. The proposed involves the shrinkage estimator of the covariance matrix and, depending on the choice of the shrinkage estimator, two versions of the are proposed. We compute the asymptotic null distribution of one version of the RT for a fixed tuning parameter of the covariance matrix estimation. A procedure to estimate the tuning parameter is proposed and discussed. The power of the proposed test is compared to two existing ad-hoc procedures, the HT based on a few principal components (PCs) from the PC analysis and that with the generalized inverse of the sample covariance matrix. It is also compared to the test with only independent two samples or paired samples. Finally, we illustrate the advantage of the using the microarray experiment of the liver cancer.
Refractory material SIS junction structures

Niobium based SIS junction structures for microwave receiving devices were investigated. The possibility of the mixing efficiency improving for Nb-Al 2 O 3 -Nb junctions with a negative resistance on I-V curve near the gap voltage has been demonstrated. Comparative microwave investigation of the parallel and series DC biased arrays shows the advantage of the first one. SIS junction capacitance has been compensated with microstrip or lumped elements at the signal frequency. Such compensated structures were investigated at frequencies 38 and 76 GHz both in waveguide and quasioptic systems.
Application of the Bayes Theory to the Reliability Evaluation of the Products of Electrical Engineering

A mixed Weibull distribution represents a population that consists of several Weibull subpopulations.In this paper,a new approach which combines the least-square method with Bayes theorem,takes advantage of the parameter estimation for single Weibull distribution was developed to estimate the mean time to failure and the reliability estimation of the mixed Weibull population.An actual test data was computed by using the proposed method.It turns out that the proposed method yields more accurate result.
A Recovery-Oriented Program for People with Bipolar Disorder through Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Remediation: Results of a Feasibility Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Cognitive impairment is a frequent consequence of bipolar disorder (BD) that is difficult to prevent and treat. In addition, the quality of the preliminary evidence on the treatment of BD through Cognitive Remediation (CR) with traditional methods is poor. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a CR intervention with fully immersive Virtual Reality (VR) as an additional treatment for BD and offers preliminary data on its efficacy. Methods: Feasibility randomized controlled cross-over clinical study, with experimental condition lasting three months, crossed between two groups. Experimental condition: CR fully immersive VR recovery-oriented program plus conventional care; Control condition: conventional care. The control group began the experimental condition after a three months period of conventional care (waiting list). After the randomization of 50 people with BD diagnosis, the final sample consists of 39 participants in the experimental condition and 25 in the control condition because of dropouts. Results: Acceptability and tolerability of the intervention were good. Compared to the waitlist group, the experimental group reported a significant improvement regarding cognitive functions (memory: p = 0.003; attention: p = 0.002, verbal fluency: p = 0.010, executive function: p = 0.003), depressive symptoms (p = 0.030), emotional awareness (p = 0.007) and biological rhythms (p = 0.029). Conclusions: The results are preliminary and cannot be considered exhaustive due to the small sample size. However, the evidence of efficacy, together with the good acceptability of the intervention, is of interest. These results suggest the need to conduct studies with larger samples that can confirm this data. Trial registration: ClinicalTrialsgov NCT05070065, registered in September 2021
Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of individual cells and cellular components

Raman spectroscopy provides the unique opportunity to nondestructively analyze chemical concentrations in individual cells on the submicrometer length scale without the need for optical labels. This enables the rapid assessment of cellular biochemistry inside living cells, and it allows for their continued analysis. Here, we review recent developments in the analysis of single cells, subcellular compartments, and chemical imaging based on Raman spectroscopy. Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy provides for the full spectral assessment of cellular biochemistry, while coherent Raman techniques, such as coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering is primarily used as an imaging tool comparable to confocal fluorescence microscopy. These techniques are complemented by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which provides higher sensitivity and local specificity, and also extends the techniques to chemical indicators, i.e. pH sensing. We review the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, demonstrate some of their applications and discuss their potential for future research in cell biology and biomedicine.
Associations between Adipokines and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Using Three Different Diagnostic Criteria

Background: A panel of experts proposed a new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020. To date, the associations between adipokines, such as adiponectin, adipsin, and visfatin and MAFLD remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the associations between each of these three adipokines and MAFLD using different diagnostic criteria. Methods: In total, 221 participants were included in our study based on medical examination. Detailed questionnaire information, physical examination, abdominal ultrasound, and blood-biochemical-test indexes were collected. The levels of adipokines were tested by using an enzyme immunoassay. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of the adipokines with MAFLD. Results: In total, 122 of the participants were diagnosed with MAFLD. Higher levels of adipsin and lower levels of adiponectin were found in the MAFLD group than in the non-MAFLD group (all p < 0.05). According to the logistic regression analysis, the ORs were 0.11 (95% CI: 0.05–0.23) for adiponectin, 4.46 (95% CI: 2.19–9.12) for adipsin, and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.27–0.99) for visfatin when comparing the highest tertile with the lowest tertile (all p-trend < 0.05). The inverse association between adiponectin and MAFLD was strongest when T2DM was used as the diagnostic criterion alone, and the positive association between adipsin and MAFLD was strongest when BMI was used as the diagnostic criterion alone. There was no significant association between visfatin and MAFLD, regardless of whether each of BMI, T2DM, or metabolic dysregulation (MD) was used as the diagnostic criterion for MAFLD alone. Conclusion: Adipsin levels were positively associated with MAFLD and adiponectin levels were inversely associated with MAFLD. The strength of these associations varied according to the different diagnostic criteria for MAFLD.
Preoperative Decreased Hounsfield Unit Values of Cervical Vertebrae and the Relative Cross-Sectional Area of Flexion/Extension Paraspinal Muscles Are Novel Risk Factors for the Loss of Cervical Lordosis after Open-Door Laminoplasty

Open-door laminoplasty is widely used for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, the loss of cervical lordosis (LCL) seems to be unavoidable in the long-term follow-up after surgery, which may affect the clinical outcomes. The risk factors for this complication are still unclear. In this study, patients who underwent open-door laminoplasty between April 2016 and June 2021 were enrolled. Cervical X-rays were obtained to measure the C2–7 Cobb angle, C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 slope (T1S) and ranges of motion (ROM). Cervical computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were collected to evaluate the cervical Hounsfield unit values (HU) and the relative cross-sectional area (RCSA) of paraspinal muscles, respectively. A total of 42 patients were included and the average follow-up period was 24.9 months. Among the patients, 24 cases (57.1%) had a LCL of more than 5° at a 1-year follow-up and were labeled as members of the LCL group. The follow-up JOA scores were significantly lower in the LCL group (13.9 ± 0.6 vs. 14.4 ± 0.8, p = 0.021) and the mean JOA recovery rate was negatively correlated with LCL (r = −0.409, p = 0.007). In addition, LCL was positively correlated to the preoperative T1S, flexion ROM, flexion/extension ROM and the RCSA of flexion/extension muscles, while it was negatively correlated to extension ROM and the HU value of cervical vertebrae. Furthermore, multiple linear regression showed that preoperative T1S, mean HU value of cervical vertebrae, flexion/extension ROM and the flexion/extension RCSA were independent risk factors for LCL. Spine surgeons should consider these parameters before performing open-door laminoplasty.
MSH 10-53 - a supernova remnant interacting with molecular clouds

Optical spectrophotometry and CO radio observations are presented that indicate the presence of a shock expanding and interacting with the surrounding molecular clouds. It is established that the shock originated in a supernova explosion (probably of a massive star) occurred some 10,000 yr ago at about 2.9 kpc from us in the near side of the Carina spiral arm. 22 references.