Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SIMDization of Small Tensor Multiplication Kernels for Wide SIMD Vector Processors

Developers often rely on automatic vectorization to speed up fine-grained data-parallel code. However, for loop nests where the loops are shorter than the processor's SIMD width, automatic vectorization performs poorly. Vectorizers attempt to vectorize a single short loop, using (at best) a fraction of the processor's SIMD capacity. It is not straightforward to vectorize multiple nested loops together because they typically have memory accesses with multiple strides, which conventional methods cannot profitably vectorize. We present a solution in the context of compiling small tensor multiplication. Our compiler vectorizes several inner loops in order to utilize wide vector parallelism. To handle complicated strides, we devise a vectorizable form of loop tiling. The compiler transforms loops to improve memory locality, then caches tiles of data in vector registers. Strided access patterns are transformed into permute instructions. We show that our compiler is able to significantly speed up many small tensor multiplication algorithms. It judges 13.5% of a randomly generated sample of algorithms to be profitable to vectorize. On these, it generates code 1.55x as fast on average as that produced by GCC's state-of-the-art vectorizer, with a maximum speedup of 10x. We discuss potential extensions to vectorize more general algorithms.
Epitaksja z fazy ciekłej struktur mikrolaserowych Cr,Mg:YAG/Yb:YAG

W procesie epitaksji z roztworu wysokotemperaturowego otrzymano struktury Cr,Mg: YAG/Yb:YAG mog#ce stanowi$ materia! wyj%ciowy do wytworzenia monolitycznych mikrolaserów impulsowych z pasywn# modulacj# dobroci rezonatora wzbudzanych diodami pó! przewodnikowymi. Okre%lono wp! yw st&'enia Cr 2 O 3 w roztworze na wielko%$ absorpcji optycznej warstw oraz niedopasowanie sieciowe warstw i pod! o'a. Pomiary transmitancji optycznej struktur epitaksjalnych w funkcji g&sto%ci energii wi#zki promieniowania o d! ugo%ci fali 1064 nm wykaza! y, 'e wspó! czynnik absorpcji warstw Cr,Mg:YAG jest nieliniow# funkcj# g&sto%ci energii wi#zki, a tym samym warstwy te mog# pracowa$ jako absorbery pasywne.
Cross-layer design for multihop MANETs utility optimization with AQM

We study the problem of jointly solving the contention and congestion distributed control problem in a bounded queue multihop mobile ad-hoc networks. Unlike the majority of the published work in this area, we focus on the feasibility of the proposed solution in case of random static and dynamic networks considering the signaling and overheads. In recent years a number of papers have presented solutions to this problem that are based on network utility maximization algorithms. However, this work typically necessitates either complex computations, heavy signaling/control overhead, and/or approximated suboptimal results. In this paper, we combine a specific network utility maximization problem with a simple and efficient Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanism that we believe is appropriate for mobile ad-hoc networks. Using IEEE 802.11 protocol as MAC layer protocol, we show via NS-3 simulations that the proposed Cross-Layer Design (CLD) significantly outperforms standard protocols such as TFRC in static and dynamic networks.
Harnessing epoch-based reclamation for efficient range queries

Concurrent sets with range query operations are highly desirable in applications such as in-memory databases. However, few set implementations offer range queries. Known techniques for augmenting data structures with range queries (or operations that can be used to build range queries) have numerous problems that limit their usefulness. For example, they impose high overhead or rely heavily on garbage collection. In this work, we show how to augment data structures with highly efficient range queries, without relying on garbage collection. We identify a property of epoch-based memory reclamation algorithms that makes them ideal for implementing range queries, and produce three algorithms, which use locks, transactional memory and lock-free techniques, respectively. Our algorithms are applicable to more data structures than previous work, and are shown to be highly efficient on a large scale Intel system.
Robustness of Interdependent Power Grids and Communication Networks: A Complex Network Perspective

In this brief, by considering realistic network operational settings, we propose a novel model to investigate the cascading failures in interdependent power grids and communication networks. We perform a critical node analysis on single networks to identify the vital nodes from the perspective of network robustness. Moreover, we assess the robustness of an interdependent system composed of an Internet AS-level network and the IEEE 118 Bus. Our simulation results show that assortative coupling of node destructiveness is more robust for densely coupled networks, whereas disassortative coupling of node robustness and node destructiveness performs better for sparsely coupled cases.
Incidental primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration in a patient presenting with transient ischemic attack and stroke

We describe a case of a 41‐year old male patient with no significant prior medical history who presents with symptoms of Transient Ischemic Attack and stroke. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain identified areas of ischemia in the left side, and angiography showed occlusion of the left Medial Cerebral Artery (MCA). Cardiac Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) for stroke evaluation incidentally noted a mediastinal abnormality leading to cancer work‐up. Computer Tomography (CT) and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET‐CT scan of the chest incidentally revealed an avid 6 cm paraesophagial/subcarinal mass. Further diagnostic work‐up with endoscopic and endobronchial ultra sound (EBUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass yielded a cytology diagnosis of Germ Cell Tumor (GCT), with choriocarcinoma component. Additionally, high plasma levels of β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐HCG) were detected with no evidence of testicular tumor. This exceedingly rare presentation for a primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma underscores the importance of complete investigation of young patients presenting with neurological symptoms compatible with ischemic events. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:738–743. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibre by Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser

Abstract We present an experimental study of supercontinuum generation in a highly non-linear photonic crystal fibre with a zero-dispersion wavelength of 780 nm pumped by femtosecond pulses from a Ti:sapphire mode-locked laser. Supercontinuum light with a spectrum ranging from 500 to 1100 nm has been generated in the photonic crystal fibre with an average core radius of 1·8 μm. Those optical pulses have a duration of 35 fs, a repetition rate of 350 MHz and an average power of 360 mW. Moreover, different supercontinuum can be generated by changing the input power and the polarisation direction.
Divergent role for MMP‐2 in myelin breakdown and oligodendrocyte death following transient global ischemia

Transient global ischemia causes delayed white matter injury to the brain with oligodendrocyte (OLG) death and myelin breakdown. There is increasing evidence that hypoxia may be involved in several diseases of the white matter, including multiple sclerosis, vascular dementia, and ischemia. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are increased in rat and mouse models of hypoxic hypoperfusion and have been associated with OLG death. However, whether the MMPs act on myelin or OLGs remains unresolved. We hypothesized that delayed expression of MMPs caused OLG death and myelin breakdown. To test the hypothesis, adult mice underwent hypoxic hypoperfusion with transient bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries. After 3 days of reperfusion, ischemic white matter had increased reactivity of astrocytes and microglia, MMP‐2 localization in astrocytes, and increased protein expression and activity of MMP‐2. In addition, there was a significant loss of myelin basic protein (MBP) by Western blot and caspase‐3‐ mediated OLG death. Treatment with the broad‐spectrum MMP inhibitor, BB‐94, significantly decreased astrocyte reactivity and MMP‐2 activity. More importantly, it reduced MBP breakdown. However, MMP inhibition had no effect on OLG loss. Our results implicate MMPs released by reactive astrocytes in delayed myelin degradation, while OLG death occurs by an MMP‐independent mechanism. We propose that MMP‐mediated myelin loss is important in hypoxic injury to the white matter. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey on patient safety culture in the Republic of Moldova: a baseline study in three healthcare settings

Background and aims The Republic of Moldova is a small ex-soviet country in the Central Eastern European group of states, whose official language is Romanian. In countries with limited resources, quality improvement in healthcare and patient safety are very challenging. This study aims to identify which areas of the patient safety culture (PSC) need prompt intervention. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Moldovan healthcare settings, using the Romanian translation of the US Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture HSOPSC. Descriptive statistics were carried out, based on the responses from n. 929 staff. Percentages of positive responses (PPRs) by item (41 items) and composite (12 PSC areas) were computed. Results Most respondents were nurses (53%), followed by doctors (35%). The main work areas were: primary care (27%), medical specialties (20%), gynecology and obstetrics (16%), and general surgery (11%). The highest composite PPRs were for: teamwork within units (80%), feedback & communication about error, organizational learning-continuous improvement and supervisor/manager expectations & actions promoting patient safety (78%), and management support for patient safety (75%). The lowest composites were for: frequency of events reported (57%), non-punitive response to errors (53%), communication openness (51%) and staffing (37%). Conclusion Our results suggest that staffing issues should be tackled to provide safe care. Staff avoid to openly report adverse events and/or discuss errors, likely because a poor understanding of the potential of these events for learning and because of fear of blame or punitive actions. Future research should check psychometrics of the Romanian version of the HSOPSC applied to Moldovan staff.
Increasing incidence of shoulder arthroplasty in the United States.

BACKGROUND The number of total shoulder arthroplasties performed in the United States increased slightly between 1990 and 2000. However, the incidence of shoulder arthroplasty in recent years has not been well described. The purpose of the present study was to examine recent trends in shoulder hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty along with the common reasons for these surgical procedures in the United States. METHODS We modeled the incidence of shoulder arthroplasty from 1993 to 2008 with use of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. On the basis of hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty cases that were identified with use of surgical procedure codes, we conducted a design-based analysis to calculate national estimates. RESULTS While the annual number of hemiarthroplasties grew steadily, the number of total shoulder arthroplasties showed a discontinuous jump (p < 0.01) in 2004 and increased with a steeper linear slope (p < 0.01) since then. As a result, more total shoulder arthroplasties than hemiarthroplasties have been performed annually since 2006. Approximately 27,000 total shoulder arthroplasties and 20,000 hemiarthroplasties were performed in 2008. More than two-thirds of total shoulder arthroplasties were performed in adults with an age of sixty-five years or more. Osteoarthritis was the primary diagnosis for 43% of hemiarthroplasties and 77% of total shoulder arthroplasties in 2008, with fracture of the humerus as the next most common primary diagnosis leading to hemiarthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS The number of shoulder arthroplasties, particularly total shoulder arthroplasties, is growing faster than ever. The use of reverse total arthroplasty, which was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in November 2003, may be part of the reason for the greater increase in the number of total shoulder arthroplasties. A long-term follow-up study is warranted to evaluate total shoulder arthroplasty in terms of patient outcomes, safety, and implant longevity.
Computing partially path-sensitive MFP solutions in data flow analyses

Data flow analysis traverses paths in a control flow graph (CFG) representation of programs to compute useful information. Many of these paths are infeasible, i.e. they cannot arise in any possible execution. The information computed along these paths adds imprecision to the conventional Maximal Fixed Point (MFP) solution of a data flow analysis. Existing approaches for removing this imprecision are either specific to a data flow problem or involve control flow graph restructuring which has exponential complexity. We introduce partial path-sensitivity to the MFP solution by identifying clusters of minimal infeasible path segments to distinguish between the data flowing along feasible and infeasible control flow paths. This allows us to lift any data flow analysis to an analysis over k+1 tuples where k is the number of clusters. Our flow function for a k+1 tuple shifts the values of the underlying analysis from an element in the tuple to other element(s) at the start and end of a cluster as appropriate. This allows us to maintain the distinctions where they are beneficial. Since k is linear in the number of conditional edges in the CFG, the effort is multiplied by a factor that is linear in the number of conditional edges (and is not exponential, unlike conventional approaches of achieving path sensitivity.) We have implemented our method of computing partially path sensitive MFP for reaching definitions analysis and value range analysis of variables. Our measurements on benchmark programs show up to 9% reduction in the number of reaching definitions and up to 14% cases where the value range of a variable is smaller.
Responses of the Human Brain to Mild Dehydration and Rehydration Explored In Vivo by 1H-MR Imaging and Spectroscopy

Serial T1WI and 1H-MR spectroscopy data were acquired in 15 healthy individuals at normohydration, at 12 hours of dehydration, and during 1 hour of oral rehydration. Osmotic challenges were monitored by serum measures, including osmolality and hematocrit. With dehydration, serum osmolality increased by 0.67% and brain tissue fluid decreased by 1.63%. MR imaging morphometry demonstrated corresponding decreases of cortical thickness and volumes of the whole brain, cortex, white matter, and hypothalamus/thalamus. These changes reversed during rehydration. The authors conclude that it is essential to control for hydration levels in studies on brain morphometry and metabolism in order to avoid confounding the findings. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: As yet, there are no in vivo data on tissue water changes and associated morphometric changes involved in the osmo-adaptation of normal brains. Our aim was to evaluate osmoadaptive responses of the healthy human brain to osmotic challenges of de- and rehydration by serial measurements of brain volume, tissue fluid, and metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial T1-weighted and 1H-MR spectroscopy data were acquired in 15 healthy individuals at normohydration, on 12 hours of dehydration, and during 1 hour of oral rehydration. Osmotic challenges were monitored by serum measures, including osmolality and hematocrit. MR imaging data were analyzed by using FreeSurfer and LCModel. RESULTS: On dehydration, serum osmolality increased by 0.67% and brain tissue fluid decreased by 1.63%, on average. MR imaging morphometry demonstrated corresponding decreases of cortical thickness and volumes of the whole brain, cortex, white matter, and hypothalamus/thalamus. These changes reversed during rehydration. Continuous fluid ingestion of 1 L of water for 1 hour within the scanner lowered serum osmolality by 0.96% and increased brain tissue fluid by 0.43%, on average. Concomitantly, cortical thickness and volumes of the whole brain, cortex, white matter, and hypothalamus/thalamus increased. Changes in brain tissue fluid were related to volume changes of the whole brain, the white matter, and hypothalamus/thalamus. Only volume changes of the hypothalamus/thalamus significantly correlated with serum osmolality. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study simultaneously evaluating changes in brain tissue fluid, metabolites, volume, and cortical thickness. Our results reflect cellular volume regulatory mechanisms at a macroscopic level and emphasize that it is essential to control for hydration levels in studies on brain morphometry and metabolism in order to avoid confounding the findings.
Design of Strategy for Reducing Off-Topic in Online Discussion Activities

Peer-to-peer collaborative learning by means of online discussion is commonly used by teachers and in studies. However, a variety of current studies reveal that it has always been a common phenomenon that there is excessive amount of off-topic information in such discussion. Although off-topic discussion can be an ease in learning, excessive off-topic discussion will absolutely have adverse impact on discussion activities. In light of this, this study tries to design a mechanism that reduces off-topic discussion by means of filtration prompting strategy and self-reflection strategy in the hope that the occurrence of excessive off-topic discussion can be reduced through the operation of this systematic mechanism.
Nintendo Wii remote for computer simulated arm and wrist therapy in stroke survivors with upper extremity hemipariesis

The Nintendo Wii remote is a compact, readily accessible position, orientation, and motion sensing technology with blue tooth wireless communication. We have integrated the 3D position sensor to our existing gesture therapy system of computer simulated therapy exercises. We have also used pitch, yaw, and roll, from the Wii remote 3D accelerometer to navigate a fly-through of an arbitrary Direct-X generated terrain. The hardware-based orientation and motion sensing capabilities of the Wii remote complement vision-based systems and interface well with wrist exercises. It is conceivable to reduce the size of the technology such that each finger could have one or more accelerometers mounted with wireless communication. The Wii remote model is promising for integration into clinical and home-based rehabilitation exercise therapy systems.
Compound Type Identification in Sanskrit: What Roles do the Corpus and Grammar Play?

We propose a classification framework for semantic type identification of compounds in Sanskrit. We broadly classify the compounds into four different classes namely, Avyayībhāva, Tatpuruṣa, Bahuvrīhi and Dvandva. Our classification is based on the traditional classification system followed by the ancient grammar treatise Adṣṭādhyāyī, proposed by Pāṇini 25 centuries back. We construct an elaborate features space for our system by combining conditional rules from the grammar Adṣṭādhyāyī, semantic relations between the compound components from a lexical database Amarakoṣa and linguistic structures from the data using Adaptor Grammars. Our in-depth analysis of the feature space highlight inadequacy of Adṣṭādhyāyī, a generative grammar, in classifying the data samples. Our experimental results validate the effectiveness of using lexical databases as suggested by Amba Kulkarni and Anil Kumar, and put forward a new research direction by introducing linguistic patterns obtained from Adaptor grammars for effective identification of compound type. We utilise an ensemble based approach, specifically designed for handling skewed datasets and we %and Experimenting with various classification methods, we achieve an overall accuracy of 0.77 using random forest classifiers.
HEROD: a human ethnic and regional specific omics database

Motivation Genetic and gene expression variations within and between populations and across geographical regions have substantial effects on the biological phenotypes, diseases, and therapeutic response. The development of precision medicines can be facilitated by the OMICS studies of the patients of specific ethnicity and geographic region. However, there is an inadequate facility for broadly and conveniently accessing the ethnic and regional specific OMICS data. Results Here, we introduced a new free database, HEROD, a human ethnic and regional specific OMICS database. Its first version contains the gene expression data of 53 070 patients of 169 diseases in seven ethnic populations from 193 cities/regions in 49 nations curated from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the ArrayExpress Archive of Functional Genomics Data (ArrayExpress), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). Geographic region information of curated patients was mainly manually extracted from referenced publications of each original study. These data can be accessed and downloaded via keyword search, World map search, and menu‐bar search of disease name, the international classification of disease code, geographical region, location of sample collection, ethnic population, gender, age, sample source organ, patient type (patient or healthy), sample type (disease or normal tissue) and assay type on the web interface. Availability and implementation The HEROD database is freely accessible at http://bidd2.nus.edu.sg/herod/index.php. The database and web interface are implemented in MySQL, PHP and HTML with all major browsers supported. Contact phacyz@nus.edu.sg
The Full Path to Full-Path Indexing

Full-path indexing can improve I/O efficiency for workloads that operate on data organized using traditional, hierarchical directories, because data is placed on persistent storage in scan order. Prior results indicate, however, that renames in a local file system with fullpath indexing are prohibitively expensive. This paper shows how to use full-path indexing in a file system to realize fast directory scans, writes, and renames. The paper introduces a range-rename mechanism for efficient key-space changes in a write-optimized dictionary. This mechanism is encapsulated in the key-value API and simplifies the overall file system design. We implemented this mechanism in BetrFS, an inkernel, local file system for Linux. This new version, BetrFS 0.4, performs recursive greps 1.5x faster and random writes 1.2x faster than BetrFS 0.3, but renames are competitive with indirection-based file systems for a range of sizes. BetrFS 0.4 outperforms BetrFS 0.3, as well as traditional file systems, such as ext4, XFS, and ZFS, across a variety of workloads.