Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Realizing the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox for Atomic Clouds

I n 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) presented an argument that they claimed implies that quantum mechanics provides an incomplete description of reality [1]. The argument rests on two assumptions. First, if the value of a physical property of a system can be predicted with certainty, without disturbance to the system, then there is an “element of reality” to that property, meaning it has a value even if it isn’t measured. Second, physical processes have effects that act locally rather than instantaneously over a distance. John Bell
An assessment of the capacity and the performance of marine services in South Africa’s ports

Background: With about 80% of world trade being seaborne, seaports’ capacity, efficiency and associated services are vital to ensure seamless, sustainable global supply chains. A lack of investment in marine services capacity and performance in South African ports remains a concern for port users and supply chain practitioners.Objectives: This study examines the capacity and performance of marine services in South Africa’s ports. The primary example examines marine services performance data for the Port of Durban.Method: This study uses Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA) data and descriptive statistics to analyse marine fleet performance, bollard pulls and human capacity in South Africa’s ports to identify causes of shipping delays in the Port of Durban from 2014 to 2021.Results: The 8 years analysis show five most prominent sources of shipping delays in Ports as; tugboats occupied, shift changes, shipping movements, tugs out of commission and adverse weather conditions. Other factors identified were pilot-boat availability, overbooking slots, port meetings, etc. The performance of marine services are impacted by outdated wet infrastructure and a shortage of marine crafts and critical skills.Conclusion: There is a clear and justified need to increase physical and human capital investment in the provision of marine services and improve maintenance spending on critical infrastructure to reduce shipping delays and costs of conducting trade in South African (SA) ports.Contribution: The study compiles, analyses and provides a contextual understanding of the number of marine crafts, average bollard pulls, human resources capacity and causes of shipping delays in Republic of South Africa (RSA) ports.
A Multi-Feature Fusion Model Based on Denoising Convolutional Neural Network and Attention Mechanism for Image Classification

Spatial location features extracted by denoising convolutional neural network. At this time, an attention mechanism is introduced into denoising convolutional neural network. The dual attention model of local area is presented from two dimensions of channel and space—channel attention mechanism weights channel and spatial attention mechanism weights location. A variety of machine learning methods are used to classify and train different features. Multi-semantic features and heterogeneous features are fused by adaptive weighted fusion algorithm. Finally, the data sets Cifar-10, STL-10, Cifar-100 and GHIM-1OK are verified on the proposed method. Compared with a single semantic feature, the accuracy is improved by 10%-15%. Compared with several advanced algorithms, the performance has a significant advantage, which proves the complementarity of heterogeneous features and multi-network semantic features and the effectiveness of the adaptive weighted fusion algorithm.
Reasons for Not Adopting COVID-19 Permitted Changes to Legal Duties: Accounts from English Local Authorities

In England, “easements,” introduced via the Coronavirus Act 2020, were brought in at the start of the pandemic to support English local authority adult social care services. They enabled local authorities to suspend some of their mandatory duties under the Care Act 2014. Easements were only adopted by eight local authorities and for short periods, and the provision was rescinded in late 2021. This article examines why a sample of 16 local authorities, some of which were statistically close to the eight local authorities that did decide to use easements, decided not to do so. It draws on data from interviews undertaken in 2021 with Directors of Adult Services and Principal Social Workers that explored their decision-making about using easements. It also outlines their preparations prior to the pandemic reaching England, how they had operated using “flexibilities” within the Care Act thus not needing to adopt easements, and their views on those authorities that had adopted them.
Xpert MTB/RIF Assay for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Based on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Currently, tuberculosis (TB) is the second most lethal disease in the world caused by a single infectious pathogen. Rapid diagnosis of TB is of great importance for its treatment and management. Xpert MTB/RIF is a novel rapid diagnostic assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB). Use of the Xpert assay based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples is indicated when TB is suspected and sputum smears or cultures are negative. The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Xpert assay based on BALF samples for the diagnosis of PTB. A systematic review of previously published articles was performed, and relevant data were extracted. Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Stata 12.0 were used to analyze the data. When Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures were used as the criterion standard, the combined sensitivity of BALF-based Xpert was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87–0.91), the specificity was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85-0.88), the positive likelihood ratio was 8.28 (95% CI, 5.39–12.71), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.14 (95% CI, 0.10–0.19) and the diagnostic ratio was 84.08 (95% CI, 42.00–168.31). When composite reference standard was used as the criterion standard, the above observations were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.67–0.72), 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97–0.98), 41.40 (95% CI, 14.56–117.71), 0.28 (95% CI, 0.21–0.37) and 190.47 (95% CI, 50.56–717.54), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was close to 1 for both. Overall, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay based on BALF samples showed high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PTB and seems to be a reliable rapid detection method.
Globally neural-adaptive simultaneous position and torque variable structure tracking control for permanent magnet synchronous motors

A globally neural-adaptive simultaneous position and torque variable structure tracking control (GNASPTVSTC) for the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) subjected to excess uncertainties (e.g., time-varying system parameters, friction and load torques for different operating conditions, the avoidance of zero control gain, the similar convergence of position and torque) is developed. Based on Lyapunov stability criterion, the desired torque is first derived from the mechanical subsystem. A simultaneous position and torque variable structure tracking control (SPTVSTC) with the avoidance of zero control gain and the similar convergence of position and torque is first designed to obtain acceptable performance for the PMSM with mild uncertainties. To improve the PMSM in the presence of excess uncertainties, the integration of SPTVSTC and two on-line neural network models for uncertainties is employed to construct the proposed GNASPTVSTC. For approximating these non-autonomous uncertainties, they are assumed to be absolutely bounded for time variable and relatively bounded for other variables, respectively. It not only improves the steady state performance as compared with SPTVSTC, but also enhances the system stability in the face of excess uncertainties. The compared simulation results validate the global tracking ability outside of approximated set and the excess robustness for different amplitudes of uncertainties and saturated control input.
Digital Piracy Case of Learning Materials in China: A Tough Challenge to Chinese Copyright Law

Digital piracy of learning materials is arguably considered as unlawful behavior of students under Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as “Chinese Copyright Law”), which has caused great harm to the copyright owners and licensed users. This study aims to examine the reasons for digital piracy of learning materials and the defense against copyright infringement, i.e. fair use regarding private study and research, classroom teaching and scientific research according to Article 24 (1) and Article 24 (6) of Chinese Copyright Law. This study focuses on three questions: whether university students have the awareness of digital piracy of learning materials and the copyright infringement arising from digital piracy, what is the attitude of university students toward digital piracy of learning materials, and how to protect the copyright of digital learning materials under Chinese Copyright Law. There are two instruments in collecting data, questionnaire and semi-structured individual interviews with different university students currently studying in Beijing. Findings suggest that most students had the experience of piracy of learning materials without the awareness of copyright infringement, and they supported digital piracy of learning materials due to the habit, ease, common practice and no charge of digital learning materials. The copyright of digital learning materials could be effectively protected by not charging fees for digital learning materials, collaborating with relevant academic associations to allow students to download at a lower price, and utilizing technical barriers to prevent illegal downloading.
THE OPTIMAL TRAJECTORIES TO THE NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID WITH USING LOW THRUST

The aim of the space flight is the impactkinetic effect of the spacecraft upon the dangerous asteroid for a correction of the asteroid orbit and a prevention of its possible collision with the Earth. The near-Earth injection of spacecraft is realized using a high thrust engine; heliocentric motion is realized using a low thrust engine. The criterion of the trajectories optimization is maximal deflection of the asteroid from the Earth at a moment of asteroid-Earth nearest approach. The low thrust is considered for the idealized case. The optimal trajectories determination technique is based on the determination of the optimal trajectories with more “simple” criteria: the spacecraft maximal final mass and the spacecraft maximal final momentum relative to the asteroid. The step low thrust is considered too. The effective technique of determination of the optimal trajectories with step low thrust is offered. Two types of the locally optimal trajectories were found. These are onerevolution trajectories and multi-revolution trajectories. It is shown that the asteroid maximal deflection can take place for both types of the locally optimal trajectories depending on the space flight times. A comparison with a case of the space flight using a high thrust only is carried out.
Fabrication of cellulose nanofiber transparent films for IT applications

One of the abundant renewable biomaterials in the world – cellulose is produced from plants forming micro-fibrils which in turn aggregate of form cellulose fibers. These fibers size can be disintegrated from micro-fibrils to nanofibers by physical and chemical methods. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) can be a new building block of renewable smart materials. The CNF has excellent mechanical strength, dimensional stability, thermal stability and good optical properties on top of their renewable behavior. This paper reports CNF transparent films made by CNF extracted by the physical method: a high pressure physical, so called aqueous counter collision method. Natural behaviors, extraction and film formation of CNF are explained and their characteristics are illustrated, which is suit for IT applications.
Psycho-Social Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among University Students

Background: Students play a significant role in delivering effective messages for better uptake of health promoting behaviour. Understanding factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among students will help develop promising strategies in vaccine promotion of the pandemic. The present investigation was undertaken to look into psycho-social drivers of COVID-19 uptake among Indian students. Method: 587 students, aged 18-35 years participated in an online survey. Standardized measures targeting socio-demographic details, health anxiety, preventive health behaviour and constructs of health belief model were used for the present study. Results: The results showed that overall vaccine uptake among students was quite high with nearly 74% of the students reported being vaccinated against COVID-19. Factors like COVID-19 contact, level of education, belief in safety and efficacy of vaccine, social distancing, age, health worry and preoccupation were emerged as the significant drivers of COVID-19 vaccination behaviour increase the probability of vaccine uptake among students. Moreover, factors like Interference with life, Reassurance Seeking, irrational belief about preventive health measures and perceived barriers about vaccination had significant negative link with vaccination decreasing the likelihood of vaccine uptake. Conclusion: Psychological and socio-demographic factors play vital role in the success of public health strategies of COVID-19 vaccine promotion in managing the pandemic.
Cross-Modal Language Modeling in Multi-Motion-Informed Context for Lip Reading

We observe that for lip reading, the language is locally transformed, instead of globally transformed, i.e., speaking and writing follow the same basic grammar rules. In this work, we present a cross-modal language model to tackle the lip-reading challenge on silent videos. Compared to previous works, we consider multi-motion-informed contexts composed of multiple lip-motion representations from different subspaces to guide decoding via the source-target attention mechanism. We present a piece-wise pre-training strategy inspired by multi-task learning to pre-train a visual module to generate multi-motion-informed contexts for cross-modality and pre-train a decoder to generate texts for language modeling. Our final large-scale model outperforms baseline models on four datasets: LRS2, LRS3, LRW, and GRID. We will open our source code on GitHub.
The magnetic field of current-carrying polygons: An application of vector field rotations

We calculate the magnetic field around a current loop consisting of a regular N-sided polygon by successively rotating the field obtained from a straight, finite, current-carrying wire. This involves developing and applying a vector field rotation operator, which transforms vector fields the way a rotation matrix transforms scalar fields. Using this result, we explore the various magnetic field components about the current loop and notice an interesting structure that results from the geometry of the polygons. The magnetic field on the axis of the current loop as well as the field at all points around a circular loop are considered as limiting cases.
A high-resolution GSO-based brain PET camera

A high-resolution GSO-based PET camera is being developed for brain imaging. The system is based upon a detector that uses Anger-logic positioning with 4/spl times/4/spl times/10 mm/sup 3/ crystals coupled to a continuous light-guide and an array of 39-mm diameter photomultiplier tubes. Measurements of a small crystal array have demonstrated that individual crystals can be resolved. The system is 3D (no septa) with a diameter of 42 cm and an axial field-of-view of 25 cm. The detector and overall scanner design has been guided by Monte Carlo simulations. The GSO PET scanner will have improved spatial resolution and higher count-rate capability than the NaI(TI) HEAD Penn-PET scanner that was built previously. GSO was chosen because of its higher stopping power, faster decay, and excellent energy resolution, which is critical for good scatter rejection.
PERFORMANCE OF TWO ALGORITHMS OF ENERGY DETECTION IN COOPERATIVE-COGNITIVE NETWORKS WITH PATH LOSS EFFECTS OVER AWGN CHANNEL

This paper presents the comparative performance analysis of two energy detection algorithms, single and double threshold energy detection, in the Cooperative-Cognitive Networks. Path loss effect has been considered in order to measure the efficiency of the system in terms of detection accuracy interference with Primary User (PU). The two algorithms are analysed using single and multiple relays at different positions from PU. The path loss exponent is considered as 3 in order to get degenerative environment. We have used Monte Carlo Simulation for our proposed double threshold technique by considering AWGN channel and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) at the receiver. The simulation results are presented for the Probability of Detection (Pd), Collision probability (Pc) and unavailable probability (Pna) by considering both the algorithms.
Reconfiguration of Nematic Disclinations in Plane-Parallel Confinements

We study numerically the reconfiguration process of colliding m=1/2 strength disclinations in an achiral nematic liquid crystal (NLC). A Landau–de Gennes approach in terms of tensor nematic-order parameters is used. Initially, different pairs m1,m2 of parallel wedge disclination lines connecting opposite substrates confining the NLC in a plane-parallel cell of a thickness h are imposed: {1/2,1/2}, {−1/2,−1/2} and {−1/2,1/2}. The collisions are imposed by the relative rotation of the azimuthal angle θ of the substrates that strongly pin the defect end points. Pairs {1/2,1/2} and {−1/2,−1/2} “rewire” at the critical angle θc1=3π4 in all cases studied. On the other hand, two qualitatively different scenarios are observed for {−1/2,1/2}. In the thinner film regime h<hc, the disclinations rewire at θc2=5π4. The rewiring process is mediated by an additional chargeless loop nucleated in the middle of the cell. In the regime h>hc, the colliding disclinations at θc2 reconfigure into boojum-like twist disclinations.
Study on SAR Raw Data Compression Techniques

Two raw data compression algorithms are applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) raw data. The block adaptive tree-structure vector quantization (BATSVQ) and the block adaptive predictive quantization (BAPQ) are analyzed. To compare the computational load of BATSVQ with full search block adaptive vector quantization (BAVQ), the LBG algorithm is used to generate a code book for full search. The BATSVQ outperforms the BAVQ at the same rate. Because a linear predictor with few taps can capture most of raw signal correlation, the performance of the BAPQ is superior to that of the block adaptive quantization (BAQ). By using the airborne SAR raw data, the performances achieved in terms of bit reduction and certain quality parameters in the image domain have been evaluated. The BATSVQ and BAPQ algorithms seems well-suited to raw SAR data compression in terms of computational complexity and quality of encoded image at low rates.
Teacher Creator: Practices of Creating Educational Contexts

By exploring certain perspectives, it is hoped that teachers can be helped to create inclusive educational contexts by transforming the learning environment into a third educator. Based on the Reggio Emilia approach, we hope to reveal the ways and means by which the spaces of the educational institution can be interpreted, prepared and in some cases created, in order to encourage children to explore and express themselves. This study presents the concept of context as a modern educational space and draws attention to several essential aspects for the creation of educational contexts: educational provocations and invitations; the use of materials and tools to create them; the learning documentation and learning visibility; and the nature of the adult-child dialogue. A qualitative research model was applied that produces information in the form of descriptive data records by providing clear and systematic descriptions. The data collection techniques used were literature studies and narrative interviews with pre-school teachers. Twelve pre-school teachers participated in the study and criteria-based selection was applied, with thematic analysis being used to analyze the data (Soderberg, 2006). The experiences of pre-school teachers in creating contexts are summarized by distinguishing the following aspects of the thematic analysis of contextual development experiences: the change in the role of the teacher, the nature of the child’s activities and the process and principles of creating contexts. The results indicated that the context helps to engage the child and establish an authentic “dialogue” between the child and the materials and tools used, which is then developed with the adult. Educational contexts help develop the creation of an educational environment and allows teachers to create unique learning situations in any scenario.
Self-esteem and academic resilience of student organization’s functionaries: Changes in academic development.

Engaging in organizational activities fosters individual growth; nonetheless, active participation necessitates individuals to invest their time, energy, cognitive effort, perseverance, and motivation. This correlational study aims to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic resilience among student council functionaries in vocational high schools in Salatiga. By employing the quota sampling technique, a total of 143 student councils functionaries from six vocational high schools were recruited as participants Data were collected using the Self-esteem Inventory and the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30) and analyzed utilizing the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient. The result demonstrated a positive, significant relationship between self-esteem and academic resilience (r = 0.363 α= 0.000). In other words, self-esteem emerges as a contributing factor to increased academic resilience among student council functionaries in vocational high schools in Salatiga. It is necessary for the schools to provide a problem-solving-based program to improve the self-esteem of students engaging in student council activities. Having a higher level of self-esteem, students will likely possess higher academic resilience.
Role of conservative management in the reduction of Cobb angle among adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A systematic review

Introduction. Physiotherapy Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE) is a conservative approach for the management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AiS) designed according to the guidelines of the international Society on Scoliosis orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SoSoRT). Hence the aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PSSE and conservative management strategies for patients with AiS. Methods. A systematic review was conducted and searches were carried out on a virtual database. The primary outcome measure analysed in this paper was Cobb angle and angle of trunk rotation, while the secondary outcome included functional capacity. A total of twelve studies were included in the review, which was analysed to determine the effects of conservative management of spinal scoliosis among adolescent aged children. Results. The study was conducted on patients who had developed idiopathic scoliosis and had a Cobb angle of greater than 10°. The significance of the conservative management protocol was estimated based on the reduction of Cobb angle by > 5° post-intervention. Conclusions. This review concluded that therapeutic exercises alone have added to the noninvasive standard of care in reducing magnitude of Cobb angle among AiS patients. The studies reviewed in this paper provide significant evidence that a minimum of sixteen weeks of the exercise-based protocol has been able to produce a statistically and clinically significant result in Cobb angle reduction by almost 5° to 8°.