Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between traumatic brain injury and incarceration: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND There is recent evidence to suggest that sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases risk of criminal justice system involvement, including incarceration. The objective of this study was to explore the association between TBI and risk of incarceration among men and women in Ontario. METHODS We identified a cohort of 1.418 million young adults (aged 18-28 yr) on July 1, 1997, living in Ontario, Canada, from administrative health records; they were followed to Dec. 31, 2011. History of TBI was obtained from emergency and hospital records, and incarceration history was obtained from the Correctional Service of Canada records. We estimated the hazard of incarceration using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic characteristics and medical history. RESULTS There were 3531 incarcerations over 18 297 508 person-years of follow-up. The incidence of incarceration was higher among participants with prior TBI compared with those without a prior TBI. In fully adjusted models, men and women who had sustained a TBI were about 2.5 times more likely to be incarcerated than men and women who had not sustained a TBI. INTERPRETATION Traumatic brain injury was associated with an increased risk of incarceration among men and women in Ontario. Our research highlights the importance of designing primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies to mitigate risk of TBI and incarceration in the population.
Investigation of Resistance Spot Weld Failure in Tailored Hot Stamped Assemblies

iii Acknowledgements . v List of Figures . x 1.0 Introduction . 1 1.1 Motivation . 1 1.2 Hot stamping . 2 1.3 Resistance spot welding of hot stamped boron steels . 11 1.3. 1 Resistance spot welding . 11 1.3. 2 Mechanical performance of RSW . 13 1.3. 3 Resistance Spot Welding of Martensitic Steels . 22 1.4 Resistance spot weld groups . 27 1.5 Imaging techniques . 30 1.5. 1 Base concepts of Digital Image Correlation . 31 1.5. 2 Base concepts of Infrared Thermography . 33 1.6 Current Work. 34 2.0 Specimen preparation and characterization . 37 2.1 Base Material . 37 2.2. Quenching . 38
Prediction of strain rate sensitivity of polymers by integral transform of DMA data

Interest in designing lightweight structures has resulted in the adoption of polymers and particulate composites in numerous structural applications. Weight saving is extremely beneficial both in terms of increased payload and reduced fuel consumption in transportation sector. Major challenges to the adoption of composite materials for such applications include unavailability of predictive models for high strain rate response and creep life. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a widely used technique in polymer science for determining transition temperatures and activation energies. However, DMA results are not directly applicable to the design of structures because only frequencydomain properties are reported from those measurements. This work develops a transformation method for converting the DMA data from frequency to the time domain by appropriate integral relations from viscoelasticity theory. The material relaxation function can then be determined in order to predict the response over varying strain rates and loading conditions. The procedure is demonstrated for three material systems: vinyl ester, polycarbonate and high density polyethylene/fly ash composites. Close matching between the DMA predictions and the results of separate tensile tests and literature data is observed at a wide range of strain rates.
Draft Genome Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni 11168H

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world. The reference and original sequenced strain C. jejuni NCTC11168 has low levels of motility compared to clinical isolates. Here, we describe the draft genome of the laboratory derived hypermotile variant named 11168H.
Transforming ocular surface stem cell research into successful clinical practice

It has only been a quarter of a century since the discovery of adult stem cells at the human corneo-scleral limbus. These limbal stem cells are responsible for generating a constant and unending supply of corneal epithelial cells throughout life, thus maintaining a stable and uniformly refractive corneal surface. Establishing this hitherto unknown association between ocular surface disease and limbal dysfunction helped usher in therapeutic approaches that successfully addressed blinding conditions such as ocular burns, which were previously considered incurable. Subsequent advances in ocular surface biology through basic science research have translated into innovations that have made the surgical technique of limbal stem cell transplantation simpler and more predictable. This review recapitulates the basic biology of the limbus and the rationale and principles of limbal stem cell transplantation in ocular surface disease. An evidence-based algorithm is presented, which is tailored to clinical considerations such as laterality of affliction, severity of limbal damage and concurrent need for other procedures. Additionally, novel findings in the form of factors influencing the survival and function of limbal stem cells after transplantation and the possibility of substituting limbal cells with epithelial stem cells of other lineages is also discussed. Finally this review focuses on the future directions in which both basic science and clinical research in this field is headed.
Matrix normalization for optimal robot design

Good robot performance often relies upon the selection of design parameters that lead to a well conditioned Jacobian or impedance "design" matrix. In this paper a new design matrix normalization technique is presented to cope with the problem of nonhomogeneous physical units. The technique pre and post-multiplies a design matrix by diagonal scaling matrices corresponding to the range of joint and task space variables. In the case of the Jacobian, normalization leads to a practical interpretation of a robot's "characteristic length" as the desired ratio between maximum linear and angular force or velocity. The scale factors can also be used to set relative required strength or speed along any axes of end-point motion and/or can be treated as free design parameters to improve isotropy through asymmetric actuation. The effect of scaling on actual designs is illustrated by a number of design examples using a global search method previously developed by the authors.
The need for active surveillance for low risk prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men worldwide [1], with up to 67% of newly diagnosed cases considered to be low risk [2]. Pure Gleason grade ≤6 prostate cancer has negligible potential to metastasize and patients considered to have localized low-grade prostate cancer have minimal risk of dying of prostate cancer [3,4]. The introduction and continuous use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-test followed by random transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsies above a certain threshold leads to a significant decrease in prostate cancer mortality but unfortunately also to a considerable increase in the detection of low risk cancers [5]. The traditional treatment options for all prostate cancers are invasive and often coincide with harmful side effects. The adverse effects of PSA-testing followed by a prostate biopsy can be reduced by avoiding the diagnosis of low risk prostate cancer, or postponing or averting the invasive treatment of clinically insignificant disease.
Signaling via Interleukin-4 Receptor α Chain Is Required for Successful Vaccination against Schistosomiasis in BALB/c Mice

ABSTRACT Although protective immunity in C57BL/6 mice induced by a single dose of the radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccine is believed to be mediated by Th1-type immune responses, we here report that in BALB/c mice protection can also depend upon signaling via the interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor which conventionally governs the development of Th2-type immune responses. We show that in BALB/c mice deficient for the IL-4 receptor α chain (IL-4Rα−/−), which are unresponsive to IL-4 and IL-13, vaccine-induced protection is abrogated compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. In vaccinated IL-4Rα−/− mice, IL-12p40 production by cells from the skin exposure site was elevated, although gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in draining lymphoid tissues was similar in WT and IL-4Rα−/− mice. Nevertheless, the effector response in IL-4Rα−/− mice was Th1 biased with elevated IFN-γ in the lungs and higher immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG2b titers but negligible quantities of Th2-associated IgG1 and IgE. Interestingly, levels of IL-4 were equivalent in WT and IL-4Rα−/−mice, indicating that Th2 responses were not dependent upon signaling by IL-4 or IL-13. No differences in the phenotype and composition of the pulmonary effector mechanism that might explain the failure to induce protection in IL-4Rα−/− mice were detected. However, passive transfer of partial protection to naive IL-4Rα−/− mice, using serum from vaccinated WT mice, indicates that Th2-associated antibodies such as IgG1 have a role in parasite elimination in BALB/c strain mice and that signaling via IL-4R can be an important factor in the generation of protection.
No association between periodontal disease and GHQ-12 in a Brazilian Police population.

OBJECTIVES We attempt to investigate a possible association between periodontal disease (PD) and mental disorders (MD) in a population of Brazilian Police. STUDY METHOD From a total study population consisting of 803 policemen, 345 police officers were obtained by a sample calculation using the finite population correction who were randomly selected in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Patients who had been prescribed steroids or those diagnosed with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were excluded from this study. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to assess mental disorders. Odds ratios (ORs) for periodontal diseases severity and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The risk of advanced scores in Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) were estimated using Poisson Regression analyses. RESULTS Only smoking and age were associated with severity in CAL and CPI index. No relation between MD and PD was observed even in different positions within the police department. CONCLUSIONS It was not observed relation between GHQ-12 and the incidence of Periodontal Disease in a Brazilian Police population. Classical factors like age and smoking, however, were associated with CAL and CPI index higher scores in this population.
Cloud Computing Adoption: An exploratory Study

Research was conducted to investigate the major factors affecting cloud computing adoption am ong SMEs. Our theoretical framework is based on the Technological, Organisational and Environmental (TO E) Model, with our early empirical evidence stemming from data collected whi le conducting semi structured interviews with nine companies. The analysis of the responses identified the follo wing factors as those affecting cloud computing ado ption: Relative advantage, uncertainty, geo-restriction, co mpatibility, complexity, trialability, size, top ma n gement support, prior experience, innovativeness, industry, market scope, supplier efforts and external computing support. O ur findings are expected to have both theoretical and practical val ue nd important implications for the research comm unity, business practitioners, and policy makers in terms of formul ating better strategies for cloud computing adoptio n.
Gallium Nitride-Based Power Amplifiers for Future Wireless Communication Infrastructure

Progress in wireless communication technology has enabled applications which were unthinkable as the first digital mobile phone came into the market. Integration of digital camera into a mobile phone was an important step of the convergence between telecommunication and information technology as users started to require transfer of digital pictures besides conventional voice and text information. In addition, fast progress in digital technology has been an immense driving force of the needs for high data rates in telecommunications. Digital multimedia contents e.g. pictures, music, video clips are expected to be available anytime and anywhere which results into tremendous requirements in research and development in wireless technology.
Lorcaserin: A novel antiobesity drug

Obesity is a major co-morbidity with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. There are few drugs for treatment of obesity like orlistat and recentlty approved drug lorcaserin. Lorcaserin has serotonergic properties and acts as an anorectic. It may cause serious side effects, including serotonin syndrome, particularly when taken with certain medicines that increase serotonin levels or activate serotonin receptors. Although, mainstay and first line of approach of treatment will always remain in having low calorie diet and increase in physical activity. Lorcaserin has come as a new hope to achieve success in treating obese patients but still a long road with further extensive research to be undertaken in the treatment of obesity.
Occupancy grid mapping: An empirical evaluation

In this paper a quantitative analysis of robotic mapping utilising the fields dominant paradigm, the occupancy grid, is presented. The aim of this work is to determine which approach to the robotic mapping problem imbues a mobile robot with the greatest ability to create an accurate representation of its operating environment. We accomplish this by analysing the performance of several established mapping techniques using identical test data. Through evaluating the maps generated by these paradigms using an extensible benchmarking suite that our group has developed we outline which paradigm yields the greatest representational ability.
Five-Year Risks of CIN 3+ and Cervical Cancer Among WomenWho Test Pap-Negative But Are HPV-Positive

Objective Current US guidelines for cotesting recommend that the large numbers of women who test Pap-negative, but human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive, return in 1 year, and those who remain HPV-positive or have low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or worse Pap results be referred for colposcopy. However, the performance of these guidelines in routine clinical practice has not been evaluated. Methods We estimated cumulative 5-year risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN 3+) among 32,374 women aged 30 to 64 years with HPV-positive/Pap-negative cotest results at Kaiser Permanente Northern California during 2003 to 2010. Results The 5-year CIN 3+ risk after an HPV-positive/Pap-negative cotest result, which was found in 3.6% of women, was 4.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.2%–4.8%). The 5-year cancer risk was 0.34% (95% CI = 0.26%–0.45%), and half of the cases were adenocarcinoma. Overall, 48% of the women remained HPV-positive on return (median = 418 days after baseline), a percentage that varied little over ages 30 to 64 years. At the return after a baseline HPV-positive/Pap-negative result, almost every repeat cotest result predicted greater subsequent 5-year CIN 3+ risk than the same cotest result had at baseline (HPV-positive/LSIL, 9.2% vs 6.1%, p = .01; HPV-positive/atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASC-US], 7.9% vs 6.8%, p = .2; HPV-positive/Pap-negative, 7.4% vs 4.5%, p < .0001; HPV-negative/LSIL,1.7% vs 2.0%, p = .8; HPV-negative/ASC-US, 2.9% vs 0.43%, p = .0005; HPV-negative/Pap-negative, 0.93% vs 0.08%, p < .0001). Conclusions Using the principle of “equal management of equal risks,” women testing HPV-positive/Pap-negative had a subsequent CIN 3+ risk consistent with risk thresholds for a 1-year return. However, on returning in approximately 1 year, about one-half of women will be referred for colposcopy because of continued HPV positivity or Pap abnormality. Clinicians should keep in mind that cotest results at the return after a baseline HPV-positive/Pap-negative finding are riskier than the same baseline cotest results in the general population, supporting intensified clinical management at return testing.
Exploring figures of merit associated with the suboptimum operation of class-E power amplifiers

Closed-form design equations for the operation of a class-E amplifier for zero switch voltage slope and arbitrary duty cycle are derived. This approach allows an additional degree of freedom in the design of class-E amplifiers which are normally designed for 50% duty ratio. The analysis developed permits the selection of non-unique solutions where amplifier efficiency is theoretically 100% but power output capability is less than that the 50% duty ratio case would permit. To facilitate comparison between 50% (optimal) and non-50% (suboptimal) duty ratio cases, each important amplifier parameter is normalised to its corresponding optimum operation value. It is shown that by choosing a non-50% suboptimal solution, the operating frequency of a class-E amplifier can be extended. In addition, it is shown that by operating the amplifier in the suboptimal regime, other amplifier parameters, for example, transistor output capacitance or peak switch voltage, can be included along with the standard specification criteria of output power, DC supply voltage and operating frequency as additional input design specifications. Suboptimum class-E operation may have potential advantages for monolithic microwave integrated circuit realisation as lower inductance values (lower series resistance, higher self-resonance frequency, less area) may be required when compared with the results obtained for optimal class-E amplifier synthesis. The theoretical analysis conducted here was verified by harmonic balance simulation, with excellent agreement between both methods.
Scientific Data Management for Visualization Implementation Experience

In the validation phase of a commercial CFD code, the importance of scientific data management for visualization and knowledge preservation surfaced. The proposed Scientific Data Bag (SDB) solution offers a lightweight method to record metadata and relationship between related datasets in a file structure preserving access to data files in their native format. An interface layer provides services to post-processing tools enabling uniform access to the project datasets.
Online event detection and tracking in social media based on neural similarity metric learning

The ever-growing number of users makes social media a valuable information source about recent events. Event detection and tracking plays an important role in decision-making and public management. Despite recent progress, the performance of event detection and tracking is still limited. The majority of existing work lacks an effective way to judge whether a text related to a certain event, due to the limitations of semantic representation and heuristic similarity metric. In this paper, we present an online event detection and tracking method based on similarity metric learning using neural network. Our method first trains a classification model to identify event related texts. To detect and track events, we adopt a clustering-based approach. Specifically, we use neural network to jointly learn a similarity metric and low dimension representation of events, and then use a memory module to store and update event representation. Experiments on Twitter dataset show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Automatic Grammar Acquisition

We describe a series of three experiments in which supervised learning techniques were used to acquire three different types of grammars for English news stories. The acquired grammar types were: 1) context-free, 2) context-dependent, and 3) probabilistic context-free. Training data were derived from University of Pennsylvania Treebank parses of 50 Wall Street Journal articles. In each case, the system started with essentially no grammatical knowledge, and learned a set of grammar rules exclusively from the training data. Performance for each grammar type was then evaluated on an independent set of test sentences using Parseval, a standard measure of parsing accuracy. These experimental results yield a direct quantitative comparison between each of the three methods.
Autogenous bone block grafting provides facial implant tissue stability long‐term

BACKGROUND Mucosal recession (MR) and bone loss can compromise anterior implant esthetics. PURPOSE To evaluate tissue stability and clinical outcomes of anterior implants augmented with autogenous block transplants long-term. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective cross-sectional clinical study analyzed facial tissue recession of anterior implants augmented with autogenous bone blocks and compared them to adjacent teeth in forty patients 52 months post-augmentation. Clinical parameters, MR and implant transparency, were assessed at delivery and follow-up. The hypothesis is that the facial mucosa of augmented implant sites is more resistant to trauma than the gingival margins of adjacent teeth. RESULTS Teeth were seven times more likely to present a facial recession than adjacent augmented implants at 52-month follow-up (RR: 7; P < .001; 95%CI: 2.7-18.0). Augmented implant sites were six times more likely to present "no-tissue-recession" than adjacent teeth (RR: 6.2; P < .001; 95%CI: 2.4-15.7). Mean tooth facial tissue recession was significantly higher than adjacent implants, 1.18 ± 1.05 mm (range: 0-3.5 mm) vs. 0.06 ± 0.2 mm (95%CI: 0.8-1.5; P < .0001). Thick biotype teeth were 2 times more resistant to recession than thin biotype teeth (RR: 2.03; P = .03; 95%CI: 1.2-3.5). Implant success rates were 100%. Lack of transparency and MR at facial implant sites lasted an average of 52 months and up to 144 without signs of inflammation or pocket formation regardless of the individual's biotype. Facial bone thicknesses of 2.2 mm seem optimal for tissue stability. CONCLUSIONS Autogenous bone block augmentation with staged implant placement seems to be a predictable, short-healing, reconstructive protocol in the esthetic zone maintaining stable peri-implant tissues long-term. Implant augmented sites seem more resistant to develop a recession than adjacent teeth.
Fast hierarchical image segmentation through irregular pyramids

This paper presents a new hierarchical segmentation algorithm based on a pyramidal structure. Nodes at the di®erent levels of this pyramid are related to connected regions at the base presenting an homogeneous gray-level. The pyramid is built in a bottom-up way and then stabilized in a top-down non-iterative way to split the image into homogeneous regions. The main advantages of the proposed algorithm is that it is computationally very fast and also that it preserves region connectivity. Besides, the complexity of the resulting decomposition only depends on the complexity of the image and not on the relative positions of the di®erent objects in the image.
Human action recognition by extracting motion trajectories

This paper proposes a novel human action recognition framework named Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based Hybrid Event Probability Sequence (HEPS), which can recognize unlabeled actions from videos. First, motion trajectories are effectively extracted using the centers of moving objects. Secondly, the HEPS is constructed using the trajectories and represents different human actions. Finally, the improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with inertia weight is introduced to recognize human actions using HMM. The proposed methods are evaluated on UCF Human Action Dataset and achieve 76.67% accurate rate. The comparative experiments results demonstrate that the HMM got superior results with HEPS and PSO.