Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and Assessment of Intercultural Competence as a Student Outcome of Internationalization

This study seeks to determine a definition and appropriate assessment methods of inter-cultural competence as agreed on by a panel of internationally known intercultural scholars. This information is validated by a sample of higher education administrators and can be used by administrators in identifying and assessing intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization efforts. Conclusions made from this study include identified elements of intercultural competence and assessment methods on which both the intercultural scholars and administrators agreed, resulting in the first study to document consensus on intercultural competence. Both groups agree that it is possible to assess degrees of intercultural competence and in so doing, that it is best to use a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods to assess intercultural competence, including interviews, observation, and judgment by self and others. Two models of inter-cultural competence are presented based on the findings of the study.
Effect of 2-methoxyestradiol on SK-LMS-1 uterine leiomyosarcoma cells

An endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), has affinity for estrogen receptors. This compound was reported to be a promising antitumor drug due to its anti-proliferative effects on a wide range of tumor cell types. Numerous previous studies have been performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of 2-ME on tumor cell lines in following the induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis. Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a relatively rare malignant smooth muscle cell tumor that develops in the uterus muscle layer. The aim of the present study was to examine the in vitro anti-proliferative effects of 2-ME on SK-LMS-1 human leiomyosarcoma cells. An MTT assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, immunocytochemistry and western blotting were performed. A high concentration (10−5 M) of 2-ME was identified to have an anti-proliferative effect on SK-LMS-1 cells. Additionally, expression of the apoptosis markers was upregulated in the presence of 10−5 M 2-ME, according to western blot analysis. Furthermore, the expression level of an autophagic marker, light chain 3, was increased by 2-ME treatment in a dose-dependent manner. This was associated with cell death induced by the upregulation of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway. The results of the present study demonstrated that 2-ME, which is used as a therapeutic agent for treating solid tumors, exhibits apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects depending on the dose. Therefore, 2-ME may be a potential therapeutic reagent for human ULMS, but the appropriate dose of this compound should be carefully selected.
Trauma and Openness to Legal and Illegal Activism Among Somali Refugees

This article examines key setting events and personal factors that are associated with support for either non-violent activism or violent activism among Somali refugee young adults in the United States. Specifically, this article examines the associations of trauma, stress, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic growth (PTG), strength of social bonds, and attitudes towards legal and non-violent vs. illegal and violent activism. Structured interviews were conducted with a sample of Somali refugee males ages 18–25 living in the northeastern United States (N = 79). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions and path analysis. Greater exposure to personal trauma was associated with greater openness to illegal and violent activism. PTSD symptoms mediated this association. Strong social bonds to both community and society moderated this association, with trauma being more strongly associated with openness to illegal and violent activism among those who reported weaker social bonds. Greater exposure to trauma, PTG, and stronger social bonds were all associated with greater openness to legal non-violent activism.
Reducing Memory Bandwidth Consumption Via Compiler-Driven Selective Sub-Blocking

As processors continue to deliver higher levels of performance and as memory latency tolerance techniques become widespread to address the increasing cost of accessing memory, memory bandwidth will emerge as a major performance bottleneck. Rather than rely solely on wider and faster memories to address memory bandwidth shortages, an alternative is to use existing memory bandwidth more efficiently. A promising approach is hardware-based selective subblocking [14, 1]. In this technique, hardware predictors track the portions of cache blocks that are referenced by the processor. On a cache miss, the predictors are consulted and only previously referenced portions are fetched into the cache, thus conserving memory bandwidth. This paper proposes a compiler-driven approach to selective sub-blocking. We make the key observation that wasteful data fetching inside long cache blocks arises due to certain sparse memory references, and that such memory references can be identified in the application source code. Rather than use hardware predictors to discover sparse memory reference patterns from the dynamic memory reference stream, our approach relies on the compiler to identify the sparse memory references statically, and to use special annotated memory instructions to specify the amount of spatial reuse associated with such memory references. At runtime, the size annotations select the amount of data to fetch on each cache miss, thus fetching only data that will likely be accessed by the processor. Our results show compiler-driven selective sub-blocking removes between 31% and 71% of cache traffic for 7 applications, reducing more traffic than hardware selective sub-blocking using a 32 Kbyte predictor on all applications, and reducing a comparable amount of traffic as hardware selective sub-blocking using an 8 Mbyte predictor for 6 out of 7 applications. Overall, our technique achieves a 15% performance gain when used alone, and a 29% performance gain when combined with software prefetching, compared to an 8% performance degradation when prefetching without compiler-driven selective sub-blocking.
Adam Smith's View of Man

ADAM Smith was a great economist, perhaps the greatest that there has ever been. Today I am going to discuss his views on the nature of man. My reason for doing this is not because I think that Adam Smith possessed an understanding of man's nature superior to that of his contemporaries. I would judge that his attitudes were quite widely shared in the eighteenth century, at any rate, in Scotland, but no doubt elsewhere in eighteenth century Europe. Adam Smith was not the father of psychology. But I believe his views on human nature are important to us because to know them is to deepen our understanding of his economics. It is sometimes said that Adam Smith assumes that human beings are motivated solely by self-interest. Selfinterest is certainly, in Adam Smith's view, a powerful motive in human behaviour, but it is by no means the only motive. I think it is important to recognise this since the inclusion of other motives in his analysis does not weaken but rather strengthens Adam Smith's argument for the use of the market and the limitation of government action in economic affairs. Adam Smith does not set down in one place his views on the nature of man. They have to be inferred from remarks in The Theory of Moral Sentiments and the Wealth of Nations. Adam Smith deals more extensively with human psychology in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, the ostensible purpose of which was to uncover the bases for what may be termed our feelings and acts of benevolence. "How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature, which interest him in the fortune of others, and render their happiness necessary to him though he derives nothing from it, except the pleasure of seeing it. The greatest ruffian, the most hardened violator of the laws of society, is not altogether without it. "' Adam Smith makes sympathy the basis for our concern for others. We form our idea of how others feel by considering how we would feel in like circumstances. The realisation that something makes our fellows miserable makes us miserable, and when something makes them happy, we are happy. This comes about because, by an act of imagination we put ourselves in their place, and, in effect, in our own minds become those other persons. Our feelings may not have the same intensity as theirs, but they are of the same kind.
Musical Talent and Visual-Spatial Abilities: A Longitudinal Study

The relationship between musical talent, especially the ability to compose and/or improvise, and visual-spatial ability was investi- gated. Subjects were 60 boys and 60 girls from 9 to 14 years of age. Three groups of 40 were compared: (1) Children with musical talent and the ability to compose and/or improvise. (2) Children with musical talent without the ability to compose and/or impro- vise. (3) Non-musicians as controls. The spatial visualisation factor was found to be significantly related to musical talent in boys and in girls; high scores on Witelson's Dichaptic Stimulation Test were significantly related to musical talent in boys. The 13 boys and 13 girls with highest scores for their compositions and/or improvis- ations as evaluated by music scientists were contrasted with group 3. Results from the total sample were confirmed. One year later 51 boys and 52 girls who had participated in the first stage of the study were retested. Creative musical ability was significantly related to spatial orientation in both boys and girls and to spatial visual- isation in boys.
Morality from infancy to middel childhood

In the present thesis, a homogeneous upper middle class sample of firstborn girls and their mothers were followed from infancy (18 and 24 months) to middle childhood (89 months) using questionnaires and observations. The focus of the study was on three components of moral behavior, i.e. empathy, compliance and prosocial behavoir. The longitudinal development and stability of empathy and compliance from infancy to middle childhood was described, and their relation to prosocial behavior in middle childhood. Empathic concern towards mother increased from 18 to 24 months, but strongly decreased from 24 to 89 months. Empathic concern toward an unfamiliar person decreased from 18 to 89 months. Compliance increased from 18 to 89 months. Only empathy towards mother seems to be fertile ground for donating to charitable organizations like UNICEF. Also, the role of antecedent and concurrent sensitivity and attachment security in prosocial, externalizing, and internalizing behavior in middle childhood was investigated. Results showed that, controlling for concurrent influences, maternal sensitivity and attachment security in infancy predicted prosocial and externalizing behavior
The morphology of the mouse masticatory musculature

The mouse has been the dominant model organism in studies on the development, genetics and evolution of the mammalian skull and associated soft‐tissue for decades. There is the potential to take advantage of this well studied model and the range of mutant, knockin and knockout organisms with diverse craniofacial phenotypes to investigate the functional significance of variation and the role of mechanical forces on the development of the integrated craniofacial skeleton and musculature by using computational mechanical modelling methods (e.g. finite element and multibody dynamic modelling). Currently, there are no detailed published data of the mouse masticatory musculature available. Here, using a combination of micro‐dissection and non‐invasive segmentation of iodine‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography, we document the anatomy, architecture and proportions of the mouse masticatory muscles. We report on the superficial masseter (muscle, tendon and pars reflecta), deep masseter, zygomaticomandibularis (anterior, posterior, infraorbital and tendinous parts), temporalis (lateral and medial parts), external and internal pterygoid muscles. Additionally, we report a lateral expansion of the attachment of the temporalis onto the zygomatic arch, which may play a role in stabilising this bone during downwards loading. The data presented in this paper now provide a detailed reference for phenotypic comparison in mouse models and allow the mouse to be used as a model organism in biomechanical and functional modelling and simulation studies of the craniofacial skeleton and particularly the masticatory system.
Face detection by humans and machines

Two popular approaches: • The “component-based” approach (often referred as piece-meal in the cognitive community) relies on the initial detection of facial parts by component-experts that are further pooled by a combinationclassifier [4]. • The “holistic” approach relies on a single-template classifier trained on full face images [5]. A. Computational approaches to face-detection
Engagement through microblogging: educator professional development via Twitter

Traditional, top-down professional development (PD) can render teachers mere implementers of the ideas of others, but there is some hope that the participatory nature of social media such as Twitter might support more grassroots PD. To better understand Twitter’s role in education, we conducted a survey of K–16 educators regarding their use of the microblogging service for professional purposes. Respondents described multifaceted and intense use, with PD activities more common than use with students and families. This paper delves into qualitative data from 494 respondents who described their perspectives on Twitter PD. Educators praised the platform as efficient, accessible and interactive. Twitter was credited with providing opportunities to access novel ideas and stay abreast of education advances and trends, particularly regarding educational technology. Numerous respondents compared Twitter favorably with other PD available to them. Members of our sample also appreciated how Twitter connected them to educators beyond their own schools and districts, with mention of exposure to both like-minded and diverse perspectives. Respondents described positive and collaborative professional activity facilitated by Twitter, and many noted how it helped them combat various forms of isolation. We conclude by discussing implications of the survey results for educators, researchers and policy-makers.
“Endodontic Sealers”: Current Concepts and Comparative Analysis

The main aim of root canal therapy is the removal of microbial contaminants in conjunction with the total closure of the root canal system. Root canal sealers along with solid core material plays a major role in achieving the three dimensional sealing of the root canal system. These sealers are binding agents which are used to adapt the rigid gutta-percha to canal walls and to fill up the voids, accessory canals and irregularities within the canal. Root canal sealers, although used only as adjunctive materials in the obturation of root canals, have been shown to influence the outcome of endodontic treatment. A perfect combination of sealing ability and biocompatibility is what an ideal root canal sealer should possess. This article discusses the current concepts in the usage of different sealers in endodontic therapy and their comparison in order to draw some clinical inferences.
The role and relevance of corporate social responsibility in sport: A view from the top

Abstract Corporate social responsibility (CSR) represents behaviors that have increasingly strategic importance to many companies. CSR has been defined as a company's commitment to minimizing or eliminating any harmful effects on society and maximizing its long-term beneficial impact (Mohr, Webb, & Harris, 2001). The purpose of this paper is (a) to improve our understanding of how North American professional sport league executives view CSR and (b) to consider how CSR activities contribute to these leagues. Interviews with four senior league executives provide perspective as to the role and relevance of social responsibility in North American professional sport. The paper discusses the impact of leadership on CSR and relates the topics covered from institutional, strategic, and stakeholder perspectives.
Blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering for prevention of strokes and cognitive decline: a review of available trial evidence

Background and objectives: It is well established by a large number of randomized controlled trials that lowering blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by drugs are powerful means to reduce stroke incidence, but the optimal BP and LDL-C levels to be achieved are largely uncertain. Concerning BP targets, two hypotheses are being confronted: first, the lower the BP, the better the treatment outcome, and second, the hypothesis that too low BP values are accompanied by a lower benefit and even higher risk. It is also unknown whether BP lowering and LDL-C lowering have additive beneficial effects for the primary and secondary prevention of stroke, and whether these treatments can prevent cognitive decline after stroke. Results: A review of existing data from randomized controlled trials confirms that solid evidence on optimal BP and LDL-C targets is missing, possible interactions between BP and LDL-C lowering treatments have never been directly investigated, and evidence in favour of a beneficial effect of BP or LDL-C lowering on cognitive decline is, at best, very weak. Conclusion: A new, large randomized controlled trial is needed to determine the optimal level of BP and LDL-C for the prevention of recurrent stroke and cognitive decline.
Effectiveness of a Seminary's Training and Mentoring Program and Subsequent Job Satisfaction of its Graduates

Denver Seminary formulated a program that used mentoring (one-on-one mentoring and small group participation) and practical application of learning (character and competency contracts) to help prepare its graduates for the actual demands of ministry work. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate how Denver Seminary's training and mentoring program may or may not have been helpful to these graduates now that they are out of the seminary. The study revealed that mentoring relationships and learning contracts were most helpful to the respondents in the study, had the most impact on the respondents' current job satisfaction, and had a positive effect on the transfer of seminary learning to subsequent ministerial occupations.
El uso educativo de la television como optimizadora de la prosocialidad

La prosocialidad esta emergiendo en la psicologia evolutiva y en la social por las consecuencias positivas o beneficios que desprenden para todos los componentes de un sistema social, el receptor o receptores (incluso grupos o sociedades), la interrelacion misma, y, estudiando recientemente, incluso para el sujeto o autor, especialmente por lo que respecta a su salud mental y emociones. Este articulo presenta un modelo teorico que incluye metodos e instrumentos para la introduccion, la formacion, mantenimiento e incremento de tal prosocialidad. De ellos vamos a destacar el papel relevante que en nuestro programas esta teniendo el uso de la television.
User-driven Expectation Visualization : Opportunities for Personalized Feedback

In this paper, we define and motivate Expectation Visualization, an interactive technique for soliciting, and presenting personalized feedback on, a user’s expectation of the data. Expectation Visualization (EV) addresses the common challenge faced by designers of how to engage users with visualized data on a deeper level. We describe the design space of EV, including how it can be used for data encoded in marks and mark attributes, and describing forms of training and personalized feedback. We propose three specific applications where the benefits of EV may be particularly useful. We conclude with ideas for future research.
Automatic Creation of Object Hierarchies for Ray Tracing of Dynamic Scenes

Ray tracing acceleration techniques most often consider only static scenes, neglecting the processing time needed to build the acceleration data structure. With the development of interactive ray tracing systems, this reconstruction time becomes a serious bottleneck if concerned with dynamic scenes. In this paper, we describe two strategies for effcient updating of bounding volume hierarchies (BVH) for scenarios with arbitrarily moving objects. The first exploits spatial locality in the object distribution for faster reinsertion of the moved objects. The second allows insertion and deletion of objects at almost constant time by using a hybrid system, which combines benefits from both spatial subdivision and BVHs. Depending on the number of moving objects, our algorithms adjust a dynamic BVH six to one hundred times faster than it would take to rebuild the complete hierarchy, while rendering times of the resulting hierarchy remain almost untouched.
Propensity score based data analysis

For some time, propensity score (PS) based methods have been frequently applied in the analysis of observational and registry data. The PS is the conditional probability of a certain treatment given patient’s covariates. PS methods are used to eliminate imbalances in baseline covariate distributions between treatment groups and permit to estimate marginal effects. The package nonrandom is a tool for a comprehensive data analysis using stratification, matching and covariate adjustment by PS. Several functions are implemented, starting from the selection of the PS model up to estimating the PS based treatment effect. Before estimating the PS, knowledge about which covariates should be included in the PS model is needed. relative.effect() provides the opportunity to investigate the extent to which a covariate confounds the treatmentoutcome relationship. pscore() estimates the PS and plot.pscore() offers a graphical presentation of the PS distribution. Stratification and matching by PS are directly implemented in ps.makestrata() and ps.match(). To check covariate balance between treatment groups, statistical tests or standardized differences are given in ps.balance(). In addition, dist.plot() and plot.stdf() provide a graphical balance check. Finally, the PS based treatment effect can be estimated in ps.estimate(). This function also offers a comparison to regression based estimates. A special case of regression based analysis may be covariate adjustment by PS. All functions can be applied separately and combined. Additionally, it is possible to apply all functions repeatedly to decide which analysis strategy is most suitable. Print and summary functions are available for the most implemented functions. There are two real data examples to illustrate the application of nonrandom. In the first data example, quality of life is investigated in breast cancer patients in an observational treatment study of the German Breast Cancer Study Group (GBSG). The second data example deals with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants and children in the observational study Pri.DE (Pediatric Respiratory Infection, Deutschland) in Germany.