Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cambios neuropsicológicos asociados al envejecimiento normal

Esta revision ofrece un marco neuropsicologico relacionado con las variaciones tanto a nivel neurobiologico como cognitivo durante el envejecimiento. En la actualidad se cuestiona si el envejecimiento en si conlleva una serie de cambios neuropsicologicos o si estos cambios pueden estar asociados a diferentes condiciones de salud que tienden a presentarse con mas frecuencia en las personas mayores. En general, los trabajos revisados sugieren que el envejecimiento se encuentra asociado a cambios en la morfologia, fisiologia y bioquimica cerebral. Asi mismo, aunque en el funcionamiento cognitivo se ha identificado un declive, este no parece afectar de forma homogenea a todos los procesos, soliendose identificar principalmente dificultades relacionadas con la memoria y velocidad de procesamiento.
On the fault coverage of delay fault detecting tests

Existing methodologies for determining gate delay fault coverages are shown to have certain deficiencies. A new and more realistic delay model is presented with the ultimate goal of ensuring error-free circuit operation through obtaining true fault coverages that extend upto the actual slacks. Methods are given that achieve such coverages when possible. Results of experiments performed to evaluate the practical benefits of the proposed methods over previous approaches are given. The proposed method based on varying the sampling time of the circuit outputs during testing is seen to produce very high delay fault coverages upto the actual circuit slacks, as opposed to methods based on fixed output sampling times. <<ETX>>
Studies of Schwann cell proliferation. III. Evidence for the surface localization of the neurite mitogen

In the preceding paper (Salzer et al., 1980, J. Cell Biol. 84:753-- 766), evidence was presented that a neurite membrane fraction could be used to stimulate Schwann cell proliferation in culture. In this study, we present evidence that the mitogenic signal by which intact neurites or neurite membranes stimulate Schwann cell proliferation is located at the neurite surface. This conclusion is based on the following observations: (a) stimulation of Schwann cell proliferation by neurons requires direct contact between neurites and Schwann cells, separation of the two cells by a permeable collagen diaphragm 6 microns thick prevents Schwann cell proliferation; (b) treatment of intact neurites with trypsin before preparation of neurite membranes abolishes the ability of these membranes to be mitogenic for Schwann cells; and (c) the mitogenic activity of neurite homogenates is exclusively localized in the particulate rather than the soluble fraction of the homogenate. The mitogenic component on the neurite surface is heat labile, and is inactivated by aldehyde fixation. Preliminary data suggest that the mitogenic effect of neurite on Schwann cells is not mediated by 3',5'- cyclic AMP.
Automatic Ranking of Images on the Web

We propose a new way to automatically find representative images of a specified object category. Given a large collection of images returned by a web search for an object category, our approach learns the similarities among images without any user help. We extract local features from images, and represent each image using bag-of-words model. The similarity of a pair of image is measured by computing the distance between two signatures. After we get the similarity graph, we run PageRank [3] algorithm to find representative images. We present results and a user evaluation on a variety of object categories, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach.
Searching versus Finding : Why Systems Need Knowledge to Find What You Really Want

Finding information and organizing information so that it can be found are two key aspects of any company's knowledge management strategy. This article describes what I have learned from years of thinking about these problems and from a research project at Sun Microsystems Laboratories that combines the respective strengths of humans and computers in a knowledgebased system to help people find information.
Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Hypergammaglobulinemia Reduces Transplacental Transfer of Immunoglobulin G to Plasmodium falciparum Antigens in Cameroonian Neonates

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reduces placental transfer of antibodies from mother to the fetus for many antigens; however, conflicting data exist for transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to malarial antigens. The mechanism(s) underlying reduced placental transfer is unknown. Methods. Levels of maternal and cord total IgG, IgG subclasses, and cord-to-mother ratios (CMRs) were measured in 107 mother-cord pairs to 3 malarial antigens: circumsporozoite protein (CSP), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1), and tetanus toxoid C-fragment (TTc). Results. Immunoglobulin G levels to CSP and TTc were lower in HIV+ mothers, and cord IgG to CSP, MSP-1, and TTc were significantly lower in neonates born to HIV+ mothers (all P values <.05). The prevalence of mothers with hypergammaglobulinemia was significantly higher among HIV+ women (68%) compared with HIV− mothers (8%) (P < .0001). Maternal hypergammaglobulinemia was associated with reduction in transplacental transfer of antibodies to CSP (P = .03), MSP-1 (P = .004), and TTc (P = .012), and CMRs <1 were found for MSP-1 (odds ratio [OR] = 6.5), TTc (OR = 4.95), and IgG1 to CSP (OR = 3.75, P = .025) in statistical models adjusted for maternal IgG. Conclusions. Data confirmed that HIV infections are associated with lower cord antibody levels to malarial antigens and that hypergammaglobulinemia may contribute to reduced antibody transfer.
On restrictions of n-d systems to 1-d subspaces

In this paper, we look into restrictions of the solution set of a system of PDEs to 1-d subspaces. We bring out its relation with certain intersection modules. We show that the restriction, which may not always be a solution set of differential equations, is always contained in a solution set of ODEs coming from the intersection module. Next, we focus our attention to restrictions of strongly autonomous systems. We first show that such a system always admits an equivalent first order representation given by an n-tuple of real square matrices called companion matrices. We then exploit this first order representation to show that the system corresponding to the intersection module has a state representation given by the restriction of a linear combination of the companion matrices to a certain invariant subspace. Using this result we bring out that the restriction of a strongly autonomous system is equal to the system corresponding to the intersection module. Then we look into restrictions of a general autonomous system, not necessarily strongly autonomous. We first define the notion of a free subspace of the domain—a 1-d subspace where every possible 1-d trajectory can be obtained by restricting the trajectories of the autonomous system. Then we give an algebraic characterization of free-ness of a 1-d subspace for a scalar autonomous system. Using this algebraic criterion we then give a full geometric characterization of free (and non-free) subspaces. As a consequence of this we show that the set of non-free 1-d subspaces is a closed linear set in the projective (n−1)-space. Finally, we show that restriction to a non-free subspace always equals the solution set of the ODEs coming from the intersection ideal. As a corollary to this we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a system to be stable in a given direction.
Experiences of doctors and nurses implementing nurse-delivered cardiovascular prevention in primary care: a qualitative study.

AIM This paper reports on a study of the experiences of general practitioners and practice nurses implementing nurse-delivered cardiovascular prevention to high risk patients in primary care. BACKGROUND Difficulties may arise when innovations are introduced into routine daily practice. Whether or not implementation is successful is determined by different factors related to caregivers, patients, type of innovation and context. METHODS A qualitative study nested in a randomized trial (2006-2008) to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-delivered cardiovascular prevention. Six primary health care centres in the Netherlands (25 general practitioners, 6 practice nurses) participated in the trial. Interviews were held on two occasions: at 3 and at 18 months after commencement of consultation. The first occasion was a group interview with six practice nurses. The second consisted of semi-structured interviews with one general practitioner and one practice nurse from each centre. FINDINGS Main barriers to the implementation included: lack of knowledge about the guideline, attitudes towards treatment targets, lack of communication, insufficient coaching by doctors, content of life style advice. At the start of the consultation project, practice nurses expressed concern of losing nursing tasks. Other barriers were related to patients (lack of motivation), the guideline (target population) and organizational issues (insufficient patient recording and computer systems). CONCLUSIONS Both general practitioners and practice nurses were positive about nurse-delivered cardiovascular prevention in primary care. Nurses could play an important role in successive removal of barriers to implementation of cardiovascular prevention. Mutual confidence between care providers in the healthcare team is necessary.
Self-localization of mobile robots with RFID system by using support vector machine

In recent years, RFID (radio frequency identification) system has become very popular in service industries, logistics and manufacturing, as it is an inexpensive and reliable device for automatic identification. Therefore, RFID system would be useful in a problem of mobile robot self-localization, if tags are distributed in the environment, and if the robot is equipped with a RFID reader to communicate with the tags. In this paper, we propose a novel method for learning-based localization with a RFID system by using support vector machine (SVM). In order to obtain various training data for SVM learning, a number of synthesized sensor data are generated from limited amount of real sensor data. We also propose a method that enables a user to easily place tags in effective locations. In experiments with a mobile robot, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated.
INTERPERSONAL PHYSIOLOGY: ASSESSING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH PHYSIOLOGY

Interpersonal physiology is the study of relationships between people’s physiological activates during social interactions. Converging evidence indicates that interdependencies develop between peoples’ autonomic systems, and can be indicative of psychosocial constructs such as empathy and attachment. These interdependencies, often referred to as physiological linkage, are theorized to be key components of social process. Research in the area is limited however, and there is little consensus for best practices. The mechanisms involved in the emergence of linkage, terminology, and methodology and statistics have not been adequately addressed. This dissertation aimed to systematically address these issues through four manuscripts. The first addresses potential generating mechanisms using a controlled, laboratory based study. Results indicate that matched activity and dialog are not necessary for physiological interactions to emerge between romantic couples during passive activity. In the second manuscript, analytical issues are addressed through the application of cointegration, an advanced time series modeling procedure designed to handle multivariate, nonstationary data. However, results suggested that the analysis is not well suited to these data. The third manuscript addresses the informational divide through a systematic literature review designed to both create a centralized resource, and offer recommendations for the field at large. In the final manuscript, the inconsistent timescales in which physiological relationships appear to occur is addressed through the use of a novel method of data decomposition in the time domain. The method is applied to an idiographic example of data collected in-vivo from a student with autism spectrum disorder and his teacher. Findings suggest that running analyses on different time windows of data can significantly impact results.
Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners The Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mammals

This article is featured in Lessons in Conservation, the official journal of the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP). NCEP is a collaborative project of the American Museum of Natural History’s Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) and a number of institutions and individuals around the world. Lessons in Conservation is designed to introduce NCEP teaching and learning resources (or “modules”) to a broad audience. NCEP modules are designed for undergraduate and professional level education. These modules—and many more on a variety of conservation topics—are available for free download at our website, ncep.amnh. org.
Health and academic achievement: cumulative effects of health assets on standardized test scores among urban youth in the United States.

BACKGROUND The Institute of Medicine (2012) concluded that we must "strengthen schools as the heart of health. " To intervene for better outcomes in both health and academic achievement, identifying factors that impact children is essential. Study objectives are to (1) document associations between health assets and academic achievement, and (2) examine cumulative effects of these assets on academic achievement. METHODS Participants include 940 students (grades 5 and 6) from 12 schools randomly selected from an urban district. Data include physical assessments, fitness testing, surveys, and district records. Fourteen health indicators were gathered including physical health (eg, body mass index [BMI]), health behaviors (eg, meeting recommendations for fruit/vegetable consumption), family environment (eg, family meals), and psychological well-being (eg, sleep quality). Data were collected 3-6 months prior to standardized testing. RESULTS On average, students reported 7.1 health assets out of 14. Those with more health assets were more likely to be at goal for standardized tests (reading/writing/mathematics), and students with the most health assets were 2.2 times more likely to achieve goal compared with students with the fewest health assets (both p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Schools that utilize nontraditional instructional strategies to improve student health may also improve academic achievement, closing equity gaps in both health and academic achievement.
Triggering of Toll-like Receptor-2 in Mouse Myelomonocytic Leukaemia Cells WEHI-3B Leads to the Suppression of Apoptosis and Promotes Tumor Progression in Vivo

Toll-like receptors are the essential components of innate immunity. It is shown that TLRs play an essential role in the immune resistance of an organism to bacterial and viral infections. The binding of TLR to its own ligands results in the activation of several adapter molecules and kinases, inducing the activation of the main pro-inflammatory transcriptional factors, which in turn induce the activation of the main pro-inflammatory transcriptional factors. This activation results in the development of both the innate immune response triggered by the enhanced expression of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides and that of the adaptive immune response, via the activation of dendritic cells and enhancement of antigen presentation, etc. The ability of TLR agonists to bolster the immune reaction makes them promising for use in the therapy of infectious diseases and in the chemotherapy of malignant neoformations. However, different TLR ligands may have either antitumor activity (lipopolysaccharide, imiquimod, CpG) or, conversely, could beef up the resistance of tumor cells to apoptosis, stimulating their proliferation under certain conditions (lipopolysaccharide, lipopeptide). It has been shown that the TLR2-dependent signalling pathway in the myelomonocytic mouse leukaemia cell line WEHI-3B leads to the constitutive activation of the transcriptional factor NF-kB, suppression of apoptosis in tumor cells, and progression of myelomonocytic mouse leukaemiain vivo, upon the addition of TLR2 agonist (synthetic lipopeptide Pam2CSK4) or following the infection of tumor cells withMycoplasma arginini.
How Not to Bid the Cloud

Cloud providers have begun to allow users to bid for surplus servers on a spot market. These servers are allocated if a user's bid price is higher than their market price and revoked otherwise. Thus, analyzing price data to derive optimal bidding strategies has become a popular research topic. In this paper, we argue that sophisticated bidding strategies, in practice, do not provide any advantages over simple strategies for multiple reasons. First, due to price characteristics, there are a wide range of bid prices that yield the optimal cost and availability. Second, given the large number of spot markets, there is always a market with available surplus resources. Thus, if resources become unavailable due to a price spike, users need not wait until the spike subsides, but can instead provision a new spot resource elsewhere and migrate to it. Third, current spot market rules enable users to place maximum bids for resources without any penalty. Given bidding's irrelevance, users can adopt trivial bidding strategies and focus instead on modifying applications to efficiently seek out and migrate to the lowest cost resources.
The Theory and Practice of Teaching

Current Developments in Teaching: Teaching in a Changing World. Teaching Styles and Methods. Ethical Dimensions of Teaching. Lectures and Lecturing. Lecturing Methods (Socratic Methods and Facilitation). Principles and Methods of Experiential Education. Practice-Based and Problem-Based Learning. Mentoring. The Learning Community. Assessment in Post-Compulsary Education. Assessment of Experiential Learning. Distance Education in the Learning Society. E-learning and Teaching Theory. Future Trends in Teaching Theory and Practice
Gene expression in differentiated cells.

This communication is concerned with the dynamics of gene control over specific biochemical functions in a differentiated cell. Direct experimental access to the intracellular link between gene action and the target cell characters has become feasible with the accumulation of evidence demonstrating that the synthesis of specific RNA's on the genomic DNA template is the actual primary mechanism of gene function in the cell and with the development of the highly effective inhibitor of that synthetic reaction, actinomycin D. In the experiments to be presented, this agent was used to block nuclear RNA synthesis in a cultured mammalian cell type which has retained in vitro a differentiated cellular activity. The effect of actinomycin treatment on this cell function and on a specific mitochondrial enzyme activity was then followed. Actinomycin treatment was found to inhibit the specific cell function immediately, while, in contrast, the mitochondrial enzyme activity appeared to remain impervious to the effects of this agent for long periods.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Streptococcus dysgalactiae Species Group: Gene Content, Molecular Adaptation, and Promoter Evolution

Comparative genomics of closely related bacterial species with different pathogenesis and host preference can provide a means of identifying the specifics of adaptive differences. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is comprised of two subspecies: S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis is both a human commensal organism and a human pathogen, and S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae is strictly an animal pathogen. Here, we present complete genome sequences for both taxa, with analyses involving other species of Streptococcus but focusing on adaptation in the SD species group. We found little evidence for enrichment in biochemical categories of genes carried by each SD strain, however, differences in the virulence gene repertoire were apparent. Some of the differences could be ascribed to prophage and integrative conjugative elements. We identified approximately 9% of the nonrecombinant core genome to be under positive selection, some of which involved known virulence factors in other bacteria. Analyses of proteomes by pooling data across genes, by biochemical category, clade, or branch, provided evidence for increased rates of evolution in several gene categories, as well as external branches of the tree. Promoters were primarily evolving under purifying selection but with certain categories of genes evolving faster. Many of these fast-evolving categories were the same as those associated with rapid evolution in proteins. Overall, these results suggest that adaptation to changing environments and new hosts in the SD species group has involved the acquisition of key virulence genes along with selection of orthologous protein-coding loci and operon promoters.
Retrognathic maxilla in "Habsburg jaw". Skeletofacial analysis of Joanna of Austria (1547-1578).

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dentoskeletal features of the "Habsburg jaw" by analyzing the skull of Joanna of Austria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The skull, the panoramic radiograph, and the lateral cephalogram of Joanna of Austria were analyzed. The cephalometric values of Joanna were compared to cephalometric standards for adult female subjects. RESULTS The analysis of the dentition on the dry skull and on the panoramic radiograph showed a generalized horizontal alveolar bone resorption with severe bone loss that was interpreted as a sign of severe periodontal disease with respect to the young age (31 years). The cephalometric analysis revealed the presence of a skeletal Class III disharmony associated with maxillary retrusion and normal sagittal position of the mandible. The maxilla exhibited a reduction in the sagittal dimension while the mandible presented with increased dimensions both in total mandibular length (Co-Gn) and in the mandibular body (Go-Gn). The skeletal open bite contributed to the lack of mandibular protrusion though in presence of increased mandibular sagittal dimensions. CONCLUSION Joanna of Austria appeared to be affected by a peculiar type of "Habsburg jaw" as the Class III skeletal disharmony was due to a retrognathic maxilla rather than to a prognathic mandible.