Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Attributions and Preferences Regarding Higher-Order Mental States in Artificial Agents

Understanding how people attribute behavior to underlying mental states is crucial to the study of human social interactions. Previous research has established that people rely on attributing mental states to interpret and interact with artificial agents. For example, a pedestrian encountering a driverless vehicle at a crosswalk might view the vehicle as knowing (or not) that there is a pedestrian in front of it. Nevertheless, little attention has been devoted to investigating people’s attributions of higher-order mental states, i.e., mental states that are about the mental states of others (e.g., the vehicle’s beliefs about the pedestrian’s intentions). Addressing this research gap, the present study conducted a survey to explore people’s attributions and preferences concerning higher-order mental states in three types of artificial agents (AI chatbot, virtual assistant, and self-driving car), alongside two human agents (participants themselves, referred to as you, and five-year-old child). The survey revealed that: (1) artificial agents, in contrast to humans, may be perceived as more likely to have higher-order mental states than first-order mental states, depending on the purpose or function of the agent; (2) people may prefer some artificial agents to have mental states of a particular order (but not others); (3) attributions and preferences regarding mental states in artificial agents do not always match. The study also contributes insights regarding the methodological challenge of constructing a survey that effectively captures participants’ higher-order attributions while minimizing excessive cognitive demands. We posit that human–agent interaction research and design stand to benefit from further exploration of people’s attributions and preferences regarding higher-order mental states in artificial agents.
Sargassum Extraction Using Remote Sensing Technology

Abundant Sargassum in the coastline of northern South China Sea present great ecological role and are worthy of exploration.Study on the method of extracting Sargassum using remote sensing technology is a fundamental work to investigate resource and constitute the protection and exploitation rule.In this paper,spectrum and image characters of Sargassum are studied.Four methods,single band,dual bands ratio,dual band difference and normalized differential vegetation index are used to extract Sargassum.The precision of extraction result is verified by IKONOS data.The results show that both in true color(TC) and false color(FC) synthesis image,it is yellow in color in Sargassum water.The bound line of Sargassum water in FC is more clearly than that in TC.TM4 presents largest difference between Sargassm and no Sargassum water,TM3 also shows small difference between Sargassm and no Sargassum water.All four methods can extract Sargassum from nature water.Among the four methods,normalized differential vegetation index presents highest precision compared to the results obtained from IKONOS data.
MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FROM SPACE

At mospheric CO2 concentrations, have been successfully retrieved from spectral measurements made in the near infrared (NIR) by the SCIAMACHY instrument, using a new retrieval algorithm called Full Spectral Initiation Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (FSI WFM-DOAS). Initial results from the algorithm are promising with visible structure within the retrieved spatial distributions. Furthermore, SCIAMACHY/FSI CO2 has been validated against several independent data sets. From these comparisons, the overall precision and bias of the CO2 columns retrieved by the FSI algorithm are estimated to be close to 1.0% and <4.0% respectively.
Evolutionary Algorithms for the Multiobjective Shortest Path Problem

shortest path problem (MSPP) and a review of essential and recent issues regarding the methods to its solution. The paper further explores a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm as applied to the MSPP and describes its behavior in terms of diversity of solutions, computational complexity, and optimality of solutions. Results show that the evolutionary algorithm can find diverse solutions to the MSPP in polynomial time (based on several network instances) and can be an alternative when other methods are trapped by the tractability problem.
Trends in Hydrological Series: Methods and Application

Climate change and anthropic activities in river basins have been pointed as inductors of nonstationarities in hydrological time series. To better understand these issues, researchers have used di- verse methods mainly based in hypothesis testing and frequency domain analysis. This paper presents a brief review of linear regression analysis, Student's t, Mann-Whitney's U, Spearman's rho, Mann- Kendall hypothesis testing and continuous wavelet transform, some of the most widely applied methods for trend assessment in hydrology. All techniques are also applied in Iguacu River basin, southern Brazil, showing that conclusions based on isolated results may be misleading. The paper ends with comments about multiple scale stochastic process approach, which considers hydrological time series fluctuations as its expected behavior.
A perturbed two-level preconditioner for the solution of three-dimensional heterogeneous Helmholtz problems with applications to geophysics. (Un preconditionnement perturbé à deux niveaux pour la résolution de problèmes d'Helmholtz hétérogènes dans le cadre d'une application en géophysique)

The topic of this PhD thesis is the development of iterative methods for the solution of large sparse linear systems of equations with possibly multiple right-hand sides given at once. These methods will be used for a specific application in geophysics - seismic migration - related to the simulation of wave propagation in the subsurface of the Earth. Here the three-dimensional Helmholtz equation written in the frequency domain is considered. The finite difference discretization of the Helmholtz equation with the Perfect Matched Layer formulation produces, when high frequencies are considered, a complex linear system which is large, non-symmetric, non-Hermitian, indefinite and sparse. Thus we propose to study preconditioned flexible Krylov subspace methods, especially minimum residual norm methods, to solve this class of problems. As a preconditioner we consider multi-level techniques and especially focus on a two-level method. This twolevel preconditioner has shown efficient for two-dimensional applications and the purpose of this thesis is to extend this to the challenging three-dimensional case. This leads us to propose and analyze a perturbed two-level preconditioner for a flexible Krylov subspace method, where Krylov methods are used both as smoother and as approximate coarse grid solver.
AMP‐activated protein kinase is involved in induction of protective autophagy in astrocytes exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation

AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) acts as the intracellular ATP depletion sensor, which detects and limits increases in the AMP/ATP ratio. AMPK may be significantly activated under stress conditions that deplete cellular ATP levels such as ischemia/hypoxia or glucose deprivation. Recent studies strongly suggest that AMPK participates in autophagy regulation, but it is not known whether AMPK activated by ischemia regulates autophagy in astrocytes and the consequence of autophagy activation in ischemic astrocytes are unclear. We have investigated the contribution of AMPK to autophagy activation in rat primary astrocyte cultures subjected to ischemia‐simulating conditions (combined oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD) and its potential effects on astrocyte damage induced by OGD (1–12 h). The evidence supports the conclusion that AMPK activation at early stages of OGD is involved in induction of protective autophagy in astrocytes. Inhibition of AMPK, either by siAMPKα1 or by compound C, significantly attenuated the expression of autophagy‐related proteins and decrease of astrocyte viability following OGD. The findings provide additional data about the role of AMPK in ischemic astrocytes and downstream responses that may be involved in OGD‐induced protective autophagy.
Signal Peptide Selection for the Efficient Periplasmic and Secretive Expression of Recombinant Brazzein in Escherichia Coli

The high production cost and difficulty of functional expression of brazzein are the limiting factors, making the development of inexpensive, scalable technologies critical for their successful implementation in the market. Secretory expression allows functional expression of the S-S bond-rich proteins and facilitates the purification procedure, resulting in lower processing costs. However, extensive screening and optimization of multiple signal peptides are required to ensure the successful secretion of recombinant proteins. We studied the expression of the minor type of brazzein using 21 different signal peptides in Escherichia coli and investigated their ability to direct the target protein into periplasmic space and culture medium. The synthetic genes were cloned into the pSEVA234 vector under the inducible Trc promoter and initial micro-scale expression analysis was conducted at two distinct conditions followed by scale-up and purification of the selected signal peptides with secretive abilities. Two signal peptides led to the secretion of the target protein. The yields of the target protein for MalE_Brazzein and HstI_Brazzein in the periplasm were 11.33 mg/L and 52.33 mg/L, and those in the culture media were 3.975 mg/L and 7.73 mg/L, respectively. This study will provide insights into the identification of optimal signal peptides for secretive brazzein expression in E.coli and demonstrate that the abovementioned two signal peptides can be used for successful extracellular production of the target protein in this host.
RESPONSE OF GUINEA GRASS (PANICUM MAXIMUM JACQ.) TO NITROGEN, FARM YARD MANURE AND HARVEST INTERVALS

A field experiment was conducted during 2007-10 on sandy loam soil at Central Research Farm of Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi to study the effect of nitrogen, farm yard manure and cutting intervals on growth, forage productivity and quality of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) under semi-arid rainfed conditions. Harvesting of Guinea grass at 60 days interval along with application of 80 kg N/ha in combination with 10 t FYM/ha recorded maximum dry forage yield (6.31, 11.59 and 8.17 t/ha) which was significantly higher as compared to 40 and 60 days harvest intervals + lower levels of fertility treatments. Dry forage yield of Guinea grass recorded during 1st, second and third years were 4.25, 8.61 and 5.22 t/ha, respectively. Harvesting at 40 days interval recorded significantly higher crude protein content in Guinea grass than 60 days harvest interval.
SweepCache: Intermittence-Aware Cache on the Cheap

This paper presents SweepCache, a new compiler/architecture co-design scheme that can equip energy harvesting systems with a volatile cache in a performant yet lightweight way. Unlike prior just-in-time checkpointing designs that persists volatile data just before power failure and thus dedicates additional energy, SweepCache partitions program into a series of recoverable regions and persists stores at region granularity to fully utilize harvested energy for computation. In particular, SweepCache introduces persist buffer— as a redo buffer resident in nonvolatile memory (NVM)—to keep the main memory consistent across power failure while persisting region’s stores in a failure-atomic manner. Specifically, for write-backs during region execution, SweepCache saves their cachelines to the persist buffer. At each region end, SweepCache first flushes dirty cachelines to the buffer, allowing the next region to start with a clean cache, and then moves all buffered cachelines to the corresponding NVM locations. In this way, no matter when power failure occurs, the buffer contents or their memory locations always remain intact, which serves as a basis for correct recovery. To hide the persistence delay, SweepCache speculatively starts a region right after the prior region finishes its execution—as if its stores were already persisted—with the two regions having their own persist buffer, i.e., dual-buffering. This region-level parallelism helps SweepCache to achieve the full potential of a high-performance data cache. The experimental results show that compared to the original cache-free nonvolatile processor, SweepCache delivers speedups of 14.60x and 14.86x—outperforming the state-of-the-art work by 3.47x and 3.49x—for two representative energy harvesting power traces, respectively.CCS CONCEPTS• Computer systems organization → Embedded systems.
Decision-Based Black-Box Attack Speciﬁc to Large-Size Images

Decision-based black-box attacks can craft adversarial examples by only querying the target model for hard-label predictions. However, most existing methods are not e ﬃ cient when attacking large-size images due to optimization di ﬃ culty in high-dimensional space, thus consuming lots of queries or obtaining relatively large perturbations. In this paper, we propose a novel decision-based black-box attack to generate adversarial examples, which is Speciﬁc to Large-size Image Attack (SLIA). We only perturb on the low-frequency component of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of an image, reducing the dimension of the gradient to be estimated. Besides, when initializing the adversarial example of the untargeted attack, we remain the high-frequency components of the original image unchanged, and only update the low-frequency component with the randomly sampled uniform noise, thereby reducing the distortion at the beginning of the attack. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SLIA outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms when attacking a variety of di ﬀ erent threat models. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/GZHU-DVL/SLIA.
Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Sigmoid Resection for Children Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Sigmoid Resection for Children with Intractable Idiopathic Constipation with Megarectosigmoid. with Intractable Idiopathic Constipation with Megarectosigmoid.

ABSTRACT Background: Constipation is the most common childhood condition occurring in about 3% of children. Patients who have intractable idiopathic or functional constipation (FC) with pseudo encopresis that is unresponsive to bowel management program with no underlying organic cause constitutes a serious medicosocial problem in the pediatric age group. Aim of the work: Evaluation of effectiveness of sigmoidectomy with partial proctectomy in solving the problem of intractable idiopathic constipation in children with megarectosigmoid. Patients and methods: This was a Prospective case series study for evaluation of the effect of sigmoid resection with partial proctectomy in improving children with intractable idiopathic constipation with megarectosigmoid. The study was conducted on 20 patients. That was selected from more than 250 of idiopathic constipation children. All patients were operated at the Pediatric Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals. The study was of 30 months duration (Feb 2018-July 2020). We used Rome III criteria and Pediatric Incontinence Constipation Score to evaluate constipation and incontinence pre and post operatively. Detailed history taking, clinical examination (including rectal examination) and investigations(including laboratory tests, radiologic examinations, rectal biopsy). Results: The study included 20 patients, 7 females and 13 males. Patients ages ranged from 4-13 years (mean=7.2). Constipation was the main complain in all patients followed by soiling. Sigmoidectomy with partial proctectomy recorded 90% success in improving constipation and consequently soiling; the results of Sigmoidectomy without partial proctectomy were disappointing. Conclusion: Rectosigmoidectomy is the best surgical management for the children suffering from intractable functional constipation with Megarectosigmoid, Partial removal of the rectum is very crucial in improving results.
Impact On Brand Trust And Brand Commitment: An Empirical

: The aim of this study is to understand the impact of brand personality and self-concept on people’s brand attachment of Apple products, as for now Apple products are known to have many great qualities of products on their field. The population of this research is the people in Manado and the quantitative method is used in this research. In order to collect the data, questionnaires were distributed to 100 people in Manado. The result of this research shows that brand personality has positive relationship toward brand attachment with significant influence, and self-concept also has positive relationship toward brand attachment with significant influence
The Influence of Cultural Factors Including Language on Business Outcomes: Perceptions and Experiences of New Zealand exporters in Asia with reference to South Korea

VII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY 1 1.2 BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 3 1.3 METHODOLOGY 25 1.4 THESIS STRUCTURE 29 CHAPTER 2: CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS 32 2.
Prospecting Coal Bed Methane Resource in Anyang-Hebi Mining Area

There was rich coal bed methane on Anyang Hebi Mining Area.In order to well guide the exploration and development of the coal bed methane and the mine gas disaster control in the area and base on the information of the coalfield exploration and coal bed methane exploration,a systematic discussion were conducted on the geological features of the coal bed methane in the area.With the analysis on the geological structure background,coal reservoir features,coal adsorption features,earth stress features,B1 coal bed methane content and others,the paper provided the distribution features and control factors of the methane contents.Base on the circumstances the paper predicted the coal bed methane content of the B1 seam in this block and evaluated the development potential of the coal bed methane resources.The study results showed that there were high coal bed methane content in B1 seam of the block,high permeability,rich coal bed methane resources,coal bed methane resources up to 113.298 billion m3 and good development potential of the coal bed methane.There were 3 favorable coal bed methane development areas in the block area and the Zhangwu Luenzhang-Luxian-Tongzhi area could be the first selected development area.
Combining wake redirection and derating strategies in a wind farm load-constrained power maximization

Power derating and wake redirection are two wind farm control techniques proposed in the last decade as means for increasing the overall wind farm power output. While derating operations are associated with a limited gain in terms of farm energy harvesting and with a decrease in turbine loading levels, farm controls based on wake redirection proved, both in silico and experimental tests, to entail significant increases in the overall wind farm power output. However, according to wake redirection strategies, the upstream wind turbines may typically operate at large yaw misalignment angles, and the 5 possible increase in loads that the machines may experience in such conditions represents a source of concern when it comes to testing this control on existing farms that are not specifically designed for prolonged misaligned operations. In this work, it is first demonstrated that a suitable derating level can compensate for the increase in the rotor loads associated with large misalignment angles. Secondarily, two load-constrained wind farm controls based on a combination of wake redirection and derating are proposed with the aim of maximizing the overall farm output while maintaining unaltered the design load envelope 10 of the wind turbines operating within the controlled wind farm.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Does classroom composition make a difference: effects on developments in motivation, sense of classroom belonging, and achievement in upper primary school

The present study investigated the effects of socioeconomic and ethnic classroom composition on developments in students ’ motivation, sense of classroom belonging, and achievement. A sample of 722 primary school students completed questionnaires from 3rd to 6th grade. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that the reading comprehension scores of students with a low socioeconomic status (SES) were lower for each measurement in more socioeconomically disadvantaged classes, whereas these scores were higher in classes with more ethnic minority students. In practice, these effects may often cancel each other out. Furthermore, in classes with a high share of low-SES or ethnic minority students, students of all backgrounds showed more positive developments in motivation. These findings contradict commonly held fears that disadvantaged students “ bring down ” other students in the classroom. The results furthermore highlight the importance of studying longitudinal developments.
The Effect of Perceived Abusive Supervision on Employee Performance: Mediating Role of Employee State Paranoia

The aim of this study is to provide the management of private schools an insight into the complexity of psychological processes induced by abusive supervision hindering the performance of private school teachers. Teachers play an important role in the development of a child in particular and the society in general. With performance dependent on multiple internal and external factors, the internal psychological factors are critical as they serve as the building block of performance. However, in the employment relation scenario, these psychological factors are directly affected by the immediate supervisor’s behavior, therefore, implying the necessity to inform management strategies on monitor of supervisory behavior. Accordingly, the sample was selected from private sector schools in Rawalpindi and Islamabad Pakistan. Based on a total of 253 respondents, the results indicated that abusive supervision and employee task and contextual performances were affected by psychological process of paranoia. However, the relationship is more salient at the contextual performance level than at the task performance level. The study also provides implications and possible future directions for further empirical research in relation to contextualization.
PLASMONIC PHENOMENA IN BICONICAL AND BIPYRAMIDAL METAL NANOPARTICLES

The optical characteristics of metal nanoparticles with biconical and bipyramidal shapes have been studied in the framework of the equivalent spheroid approach. The frequency dependences of the diagonal components of the polarizability tensor, the absorption and scattering cross-sections, and the frequencies of the longitudinal and transverse surface plasmon resonances are calculated for the particles with the indicated shapes. It is found that the position of the surface plasmon resonance significantly depends on the aspect ratio, if plasmon oscillations occur along the larger nanoparticle size, and it does not depend on the aspect ratio for plasmon oscillations along the smaller size. It is shown that the position and height of the maxima of the absorption cross-section depend not only on the aspect ratio, but also on the particle cross-section shape (a circle or a pentagon). In turn, a change in the nanoparticle material only shifts the spectrum curves, preserving the relative positions and magnitudes of the maxima of the absorption cross-sections.