Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resumption of ovarian function and pregnancies in 358 patients with premature ovarian failure.

CONTEXT Resumption of ovarian activity and spontaneous pregnancies are described in patients with premature ovarian failure (POF), but there is a lack of data concerning the prevalence of and predictive factors for these phenomena. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine both the prevalence of and predictive factors for spontaneous resumption of ovarian function in POF patients. DESIGN AND SETTING A mixed retrospective and prospective study was performed at a referral center for reproductive endocrinology. PATIENTS A total of 358 consecutive POF patients were followed from 1997 to 2010 in our center. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The cumulative incidence of resumption of ovarian function was determined, and predictive factors were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Of 358 patients with idiopathic POF, 86 (24%) patients presented features indicating resumption of ovarian function, and in 77 cases (88%) within 1 yr of diagnosis. Twenty-one spontaneous pregnancies (16 births, five miscarriages) occurred in 15 (4.4%) patients. Multivariate analysis (Cox model) showed that a familial history of POF, secondary amenorrhea, presence of follicles at ultrasound, and inhibin B and estradiol levels were significantly predictive of resumption of ovarian function (P < 0.01), whereas association with an autoimmune disease, anti-mullerian hormone level, the presence of follicles on biopsy, and/or genetic abnormalities did not appear predictive. We created a predictive score for resumption of ovarian function comprising age at diagnosis, presence of follicles at ultrasound, and inhibin B level. CONCLUSION Intermittent ovarian activity in patients with POF is not a rare phenomenon. The predictive score described in this study may help us to identify POF patients most likely to recover intermittent ovarian function.
Zucker und Zukunft

Wie jeder weiß, braucht das Gehirn Zucker zur Energieversorgung. Es kann kein Fett verwerten und ist auf die Verbrennung von Zucker angewiesen. Daher kommt es bei unzureichender Zuckerversorgung des Gehirns zu Fehlfunktionen oder Ausfallerscheinungen. Das weiß jeder, der schon einmal an einer akuten Unterzuckerung gelitten hat. Die psychischen Auswirkungen einer niedrigen Zuckerkonzentration im Blut sind Konzentrationsstörungen, Nervosität, Störungen der Bewegungskoordination, der räumlichen und zeitlichen Orientierung, der Sprache, der Emotionen (bis hin zur Albernheit) sowie der Kontrollverlust über Willkürbewegungen und andere Körperfunktionen bis zur Beeinträchtigung des Bewusstseins. Bei diesen Störungen handelt es sich zu einem wesentlichen Teil um Funktionsstörungen des Frontalhirns. Man muss gar nicht lange oder tief darüber nachdenken, um sich darüber klar zu werden, dass auch die Zukunft sehr viel mit dem Frontalhirn zu tun hat: Streng genommen existiert sie eigentlich nur dort! Von fraglichen Fällen wie manchen Primaten, Walen oder Elefanten einmal abgesehen, scheint es zu den Privilegien unserer Art zu gehören, uns selbst gedanklich in eine andere Zeit und an einen anderen Ort versetzen zu können. Wenn wir dies tun, benutzen wir bereits gespeicherte Inhalte, kombinieren sie jedoch neu. Entsprechend sind bei der Planung der nächsten Geburtstagsfeier fast die gleichen Gehirnareale aktiv wie bei den Erinnerungen an die letzte Geburtstagsfeier (6, 9). Hinzu kommt allerdings eine stärkere Aktivierung des Frontalhirns, also eines beim Menschen besonders ausgeprägten Bereichs der Gehirnrinde, der für Planung, Steuerung, Kontrolle, Inhibition zuständig ist und der zugleich den Sitz des Arbeitsgedächtnisses darstellt. Dieses hält irgendein künftiges Ereignis online und sorgt dafür, dass meine Planung dieses Ereignisses (z. B. mein 80. Geburtstag) beständig aufrechterhalten wird und den Zugriff zu gespeicherten Inhalten (Erinnerungen an Familie, Freunde und Bekannte, die ich gerne einladen würde) gezielt vom Frontalhirn erledigt wird.
Improving the Accuracy of an Affinity Prediction Method by Using Statistics on Shape Complementarity between Proteins

To elucidate the partners in protein-protein interactions (PPIs), we previously proposed an affinity prediction method called affinity evaluation and prediction (AEP), which is based on the shape complementarity characteristics between proteins. The structures of the protein complexes obtained in our shape complementarity evaluation were selected by a newly developed clustering method called grouping. Our previous experiments showed that AEP gave accuracies that differed with the data composition and scale. In this study, we set a data scale (84 x 84 = 7056 protein pairs) including 84 biologically relevant complexes and then designed 225 parameter sets based on four key parameters related to the grouping and the calculation of affinity scores. As a result of receiver operating characteristic analysis, we obtained 27.4% sensitivity (= recall), 91.0% specificity, 3.5% precision, 90.2% accuracy, 6.3% F-measure(max), and an area under the curve of 0.585. Chiefly by optimization of the grouping, AEP was able to provide prediction accuracy for a maximum F-measure that statistically distinguished 23 target complexes among 84 protein pairs. Moreover, the active sites of these complexes were successfully predicted with high accuracy (i.e., 2.37 angstroms in 1CGI and 2.38 angstroms in 1PPE) of interface RMSD. To assess the improvement in accuracy we compared the results of AEP of different data sets and of tentative methods using ZDOCK 3.0. 1 or ZRANK scores.
An Investigation of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety and Its Relationship with Students' Achievement.

The present study examines anxiety in English undergraduate classes with regard to the type of situations that provoke anxiety during different stages of the learning process and the relationship of anxiety with learners’ achievement. Participants of the study include 149 undergraduates enrolled in second and sixth semester of different departments of University of Sargodha who are learning English as a foreign language. The questionnaire used in this study is the abbreviated form of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS). An inventory is also used to determine different situations that provoke anxiety. Finally, students’ GPA in English classes is taken to find its relationship with language anxiety. The results show that language anxiety and achievement are negatively related to each other. It is also found that female students are lessanxious in learning English as a foreign language than male students. ‘Speaking in front of others’ is rated as the biggest cause of anxiety followed by ‘worries about grammatical mistakes’, ‘pronunciation’ and ‘being unable to talk spontaneously’. It is suggested that the classroom environment should be encouraging and motivating. Moreover, teachers need to deal with anxiety-provoking situations carefully.
A Single-Pore Residue Renders the Arabidopsis Root Anion Channel SLAH2 Highly Nitrate Selective[C][W]

Here, SLAH2 was characterized as a nitrate-selective root anion channel in Arabidopsis. Comparison of SLAH2 with chloride and nitrate permeable SLAC1 by 3D-model-based mutagenesis approaches elucidated the molecular nature of the selectivity filter within the S-type anion channel family. In contrast to animal cells, plants use nitrate as a major source of nitrogen. Following the uptake of nitrate, this major macronutrient is fed into the vasculature for long-distance transport. The Arabidopsis thaliana shoot expresses the anion channel SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1) and its homolog SLAC1 HOMOLOGOUS3 (SLAH3), which prefer nitrate as substrate but cannot exclude chloride ions. By contrast, we identified SLAH2 as a nitrate-specific channel that is impermeable for chloride. To understand the molecular basis for nitrate selection in the SLAH2 channel, SLAC1 and SLAH2 were modeled to the structure of HiTehA, a distantly related bacterial member. Structure-guided site-directed mutations converted SLAC1 into a SLAH2-like nitrate-specific anion channel and vice versa. Our findings indicate that two pore-occluding phenylalanines constrict the pore. The selectivity filter of SLAC/SLAH anion channels is determined by the polarity of pore-lining residues located on alpha helix 3. Changing the polar character of a single amino acid side chain (Ser-228) to a nonpolar residue turned the nitrate-selective SLAH2 into a chloride/nitrate-permeable anion channel. Thus, the molecular basis of the anion specificity of SLAC/SLAH anion channels seems to be determined by the presence and constellation of polar side chains that act in concert with the two pore-occluding phenylalanines.
Localized Outlying and Boundary Data Detection in Sensor Networks

This paper targets the identification of outlying sensors (that is, outlying reading sensors) and the detection of the reach of events in sensor networks. Typical applications include the detection of the transportation front line of some vegetation or animalcule's growth over a certain geographical region. We propose and analyze two novel algorithms for outlying sensor identification and event boundary detection. These algorithms are purely localized and, thus, scale well to large sensor networks. Their computational overhead is low, since only simple numerical operations are involved. Simulation results indicate that these algorithms can clearly detect the event boundary and can identify outlying sensors with a high accuracy and a low false alarm rate when as many as 20 percent sensors report outlying readings. Our work is exploratory in that the proposed algorithms can accept any kind of scalar values as inputs¿a dramatic improvement over existing work, which takes only 0/1 decision predicates. Therefore, our algorithms are generic. They can be applied as long as "events¿ can be modeled by numerical numbers. Though designed for sensor networks, our algorithms can be applied to the outlier detection and regional data analysis in spatial data mining.
Control of action potential duration by calcium ions in cardiac Purkinje fibers

It is well known that cardiac action potentials are shortened by increasing the external calcium concentration (Cao). The shortening is puzzling since Ca ions are thought to carry inward current during the plateau. We therefore studied the effects of Cao on action potentials and membrane currents in short Purkinje fiber preparations. Two factors favor the earlier repolarization. First, calcium-rich solutions generally raise the plateau voltage; in turn, the higher plateau level accelerates time- and voltage-dependent current changes which trigger repolarization. Increases in plateau height imposed by depolarizing current consistently produced shortening of the action potential. The second factor in the action of Ca ions involves iK1, the background K current (inward rectifier). Raising Cao enhances iK1 and thus favors faster repolarization. The Ca-sensitive current change was identified as an increase in iK1 by virtue of its dependence on membrane potential and Ko. A possible third factor was considered and ruled out: unlike epinephrine, calcium-rich solutions do not enhance slow outward plateau current, ikappa. These results are surprising in showing that calcium ions and epinephrine act quite differently on repolarizing currents, even though they share similar effects on the height and duration of the action potential.
A descriptive study of access to services in a random sample of Canadian rural emergency departments

Objective To examine 24/7 access to services and consultants in a sample of Canadian rural emergency departments (EDs). Design Cross-sectional study—mixed methods (structured interview, survey and government data bases) with random sampling of hospitals. Setting Canadian rural EDs (rural small town (RST) definition—Statistics Canada). Participants 28% (95/336) of Canadian rural EDs providing 24/7 physician coverage located in hospitals with acute care hospitalisation beds. Main outcome measures General characteristics of the rural EDs, information about 24/7 access to consultants, equipment and services, and the proportion of rural hospitals more than 300 km from levels 1 and 2 trauma centres. Results Of the 336 rural EDs identified, 122 (36%) were randomly selected and contacted. Overall, 95 EDs participated in the study (participation rate, 78%). Hospitals had, on an average, 23 acute care beds, 7 ED stretchers and 13 500 annual ED visits. The proportion of rural hospitals with local access to the following 24/7 services was paediatrician, 5%; obstetrician, 10%; psychiatrist, 11%; internist, 12%; intensive care unit, 17%; CT scanner, 20%; surgeon, 26%; ultrasound, 28%; basic X-ray, 97% and laboratory services, 99%. Forty-four per cent and 54% of the RST EDs were more than 300 km from a level 1 and level 2 trauma centre, respectively. Conclusions This is the first study describing the services available in Canadian rural EDs. Apart from basic laboratory and X-ray services, most rural EDs have limited access to consultants, advanced imaging and critical care services. A detailed study is needed to evaluate the impact of these limited services on patient outcomes, costs and interfacility transport demands.
Cellular origin of pro-coagulant and (anti)-fibrinolytic factors in bleomycin-injured lungs

Excessive pro-coagulant and decreased fibrinolytic activities in the alveolar compartment have been repeatedly documented for inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases. The current authors determined the contribution of different resident lung cells to the altered local production of coagulation- and fibrinolysis-system components in bleomycin-injured mouse lungs via cell-specific and quantitative assessment of mRNA levels of various pro-coagulant and (anti)-fibrinolytic factors. Laser-assisted microdissection technology was used to sample specific cell populations in combination with subsequent mRNA analysis by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. Additionally, western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and activity assays were performed. Following bleomycin challenge, the strongest induction of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 mRNA expression was observed in alveolar macrophages (∼250- and 60-fold induction, respectively). These factors were also upregulated in alveolar type II cells, but to an approximately six-fold lesser extent. In contrast, PAI-2 expression was induced exclusively in alveolar macrophages. A slight increase of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) expression was also observed in alveolar macrophages (two-fold induction), but uPA activity was reduced due to a disproportionate increase of PAI production. Alveolar macrophages and, to a lesser extent, alveolar type II cells are the main sources of locally produced pro-coagulant and anti-fibrinolytic factors in bleomycin-injured lungs.
Roles of the heat shock transcription factors in regulation of the heat shock response and beyond

The heat shock response, characterized by increased expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) is induced by exposure of cells and tissues to extreme conditions that cause acute or chronic stress. Hsps function as molecular chaperones in regulating cellular homeostasis and promoting survival. If the stress is too severe, a signal that leads to programmed cell death, apoptosis, is activated, thereby providing a finely tuned balance between survival and death. In addition to extracellular stimuli, several nonstressful conditions induce Hsps during normal cellular growth and development. The enhanced heat shock gene expression in response to various stimuli is regulated by heat shock transcription factors (HSFs). After the discovery of the family of HSFs (i.e., murine and human HSF1, 2, and 4 and a unique avian HSF3), the functional relevance of distinct HSFs is now emerging. HSF1, an HSF prototype, and HSF3 are responsible for heat‐induced Hsp expression, whereas HSF2 is refractory to classical stressors. HSF4 is expressed in a tissue‐specific manner;similar to HSF1 and HSF2, alternatively spliced isoforms add further complexity to its regulation. Recently developed powerful genetic models have provided evidence for both cooperative and specific functions of HSFs that expand beyond the heat shock response. Certain specialized functions of HSFs may even include regulation of novel target genes in response to distinct stimuli. —Pirkkala, L. , Nykanen, P, Sistonen, L. Roles of the heat shock transcription factors in regulation of the heat shock response and beyond. —Pirkkala, L. , Nykäen, P, Sistonen, L. Roles of the heat shock transcription factors in regulation of the heat shock response and beyond. FASEB J. 15, 1118–1131 (2001)
Distributing Dividends in Games with Ordered Players

A situation in which a finite set of players can obtain certain payoffs by cooperation can be described by a cooperative game with transferable utility, or simply a TU-game. A solution for TU-games assigns a set of payoff vectors to every TU-game. Some solutions that are based on distributing dividends are the Shapley value (being the single-valued solution distributing the dividends equally among the players in the corresponding coalitions) and the Selectope or Harsanyi set (being the set-valued solution that contains all possible distributions of the dividends among the players in the corresponding coalitions). In this paper we assume the players to be hierarchically ordered. We modify the concept of Harsanyi set to this context by taking into account this hierarchical order when distributing the dividends of the game. We show that the resulting new solution concept for games with ordered players, called the Restricted Harsanyi set, is fully characterized by a collection of seven logically independent properties. We also discuss an alternative modification of the Harsanyi set and a solution concept resulting from adapting the concept of Selectope to games with ordered players. Some applications show the usefulness of the Restricted Harsanyi set.
Reduced aerobic capacity causes leaky ryanodine receptors that trigger arrhythmia in a rat strain artificially selected and bred for low aerobic running capacity

Rats selectively bred for inborn low capacity of running (LCR) display a series of poor health indices, whereas rats selected for high capacity of running (HCR) display a healthy profile. We hypothesized that selection of low aerobic capacity over generations leads to a phenotype with increased diastolic Ca2+ leak that trigger arrhythmia.
Evaluating the relationship of imagery and self-confidence in female and male athletes

This study examines the relationship between imagery and confidence in athletes. The Sport Imagery Questionnaire and a Self-Confidence questionnaire were used to collect data. The samples consisted of athletes who are from the Khon Kaen Sport School in Thailand and who regularly participate in sports training (5 days a week). All subjects (n=120) were selected by purposive sampling and consisted of 71 (59.2 %) male and 49 (40.8 %) female athletes. Our analysis considered two parameters, imagery and selfconfidence, which were evaluated with regards to the physical fitness level and experience of the athletes. The data was analyzed using a t-test to determine the difference of the means between imagery and self-confidence measures in males and females. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P<0.05) was used to evaluate differences across the groups, and linear regression and correlation analyses (r =0.71) were used to compare between genders, physical fitness, and experience levels. The results show that there are significant correlations between males and females in terms of imagery and self-confidence. This result suggests that imagery and self-confidence in male and female athletes are associated with high levels of physical fitness and more experience in sports situations.
CILoS: a CDMA indoor localization system

CILoS is an indoor localization system based on CDMA mobile phone signal fingerprinting. CDMA networks vary their transmission power to accommodate fluctuations in network load. This affects signal intensity and therefore limits the practicality of traditional fingerprinting approaches based on receiver signal strength (RSSI) measurements. Instead, CILoS uses fingerprints of signal delay that are robust to cell resizing. We demonstrate that CILoS achieves a median accuracy of 5 meters, and compares favourably to RSSI fingerprinting systems. We highlight the significance of wide fingerprints, constructed through scanning multiple channels, for achieving high localization accuracy. We also show that our system can accurately differentiate between floors of a multifloor building.
Fragmentación social y planeación territorial

Aproximarse al conocimiento del fenomeno contemporaneo de la fragmentacion social en el marco de las transformaciones globales precisa hacer explicitos su significado y sus manifestaciones en los ambitos economico, politico y sociocultural, enfatizando, en el ambito economico, las logicas individualistas; en el ambito politico, la incidencia de practicas sociales fragmentadas en la planeacion territorial, y en el ambito sociocultural, las dinamicas desterritorializadas que dichas logicas senalan en el territorio. Desde esta perspectiva se hace necesario plantear la planeacion territorial como proceso sociopolitico que posibilita el analisis de las practicas participativas. Asi, los tres ambitos sirven de fundamento analitico para develar las implicaciones mas significativas que vinculan la fragmentacion social con la planeacion territorial. Lo anterior lleva a considerar que el contenido de estas reflexiones es necesario para ampliar y renovar el conocimiento de lo economico, lo politico y lo sociocultural en el mundo contemporaneo.
Threat Modeling as a Basis for Security Requirements

We routinely hear vendors claim that their systems are "secure. " However, without knowing what assumptions are made by the vendor, it is hard to justify such a claim. Prior to claiming the security of a system, it is important to identify the threats to the system in question. Enumerating the threats to a system helps system architects develop realistic and meaningful security requirements.
Overcoming Personal and Academic Challenges: Perspectives From Latina/o College Students

Eleven Latina/o college students were interviewed to provide insight into what kind of coping responses they used to overcome challenges and when such responses were employed. The following responses emerged: positive reframing, acceptance, self-talk, maintaining focus on final goals, using low expectations as motivation, self-reflection, taking action, and seeking support. A discussion regarding the importance of these findings is provided and implications for practice are presented.
A Unifying Model for Retrieval from Reusable Software Libraries

The central problem associated with libraries of reusable software components is that of retrieval: how to nd in the library those components that can be used in the construction of a particular application. There have been three major proposed solutions to this problem: faceted (classiication), signature-matching (structural) and behavioural (functional) retrieval. The aim of this paper is to unify these existing approaches to the component retrieval problem into a formally speciied framework, providing a model upon which meaningful comparisons are made and principles formulated.
An Integrated Model for Cellular Analysis

We present the MOlecular NETwork (MONET) ontology as a model to integrate data from different networks that govern cell function. To achieve this, different existing ontologies were analyzed and an integrated ontology was built in a way to make it possible to share and reuse knowledge, support interoperability between systems, and also allow the formulation of hypotheses through inferences. By studying the cell as an entity of a myriad of elements and networks of interactions, we aim to offer a means to understand the large-scale characteristics responsible for the behavior of the cell and to enable new biological insights.