Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN OPEN-SOURCE NEUTRINO RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS CODE FOR CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE

We present an open-source update to the spherically symmetric, general-relativistic hydrodynamics, core-collapse supernova (CCSN) code GR1D. The source code is available at http://www.GR1Dcode. org. We extend its capabilities to include a general-relativistic treatment of neutrino transport based on the moment formalisms of Shibata et al. and Cardall et al. We pay special attention to implementing and testing numerical methods and approximations that lessen the computational demand of the transport scheme by removing the need to invert large matrices. This is especially important for the implementation and development of moment-like transport methods in two and three dimensions. A critical component of neutrino transport calculations is the neutrino–matter interaction coefficients that describe the production, absorption, scattering, and annihilation of neutrinos. In this article we also describe our open-source neutrino interaction library NuLib (available at http://www.nulib.org). We believe that an open-source approach to describing these interactions is one of the major steps needed to progress toward robust models of CCSNe and robust predictions of the neutrino signal. We show, via comparisons to full Boltzmann neutrino-transport simulations of CCSNe, that our neutrino transport code performs remarkably well. Furthermore, we show that the methods and approximations we employ to increase efficiency do not decrease the fidelity of our results. We also test the ability of our general-relativistic transport code to model failed CCSNe by evolving a 40-solar-mass progenitor to the onset of collapse to a black hole.
Learning Ergonomic Control in Human–Robot Symbiotic Walking

This article presents an imitation learning strategy for extracting ergonomically safe control policies in physical human–robot interaction scenarios. The presented approach seeks to proactively reduce the risk of injuries and musculoskeletal disorders by anticipating the ergonomic effects of a robot's actions on a human partner, e.g., how the ankle angle of a prosthesis affects future knee torques of the user. To this end, we extend ensemble Bayesian interaction primitives to enable the prediction of latent biomechanical variables. This methodology yields a reactive control strategy, which we evaluate in an assisted walking task with a robotic lower limb prosthesis. Building upon the learned interaction primitives, we also present a model-predictive control (MPC) strategy that actively steers the human–robot interaction toward ergonomic and safe movement regimes. We compare the introduced control strategies and highlight the framework's ability to generate ergonomic, biomechanically safe assistive prosthetic control. A rich analysis of constrained MPC shows a 20× reduction in the effects of large perturbations on prosthetic control system. We empirically demonstrate a 16% reduction in vertical knee reaction forces in real-world jumping experiments utilizing our control methodology and examine other optimal control strategies in simulated walking experiments.
Using instrumental variables to establish the relationship between household production diversity and household dietary diversity in northern Ghana

Despite the potential for agricultural diversification to improve nutrition, little scientific evidence exists in low- and middle-income countries on how the linkages between agriculture and nutrition work. In order to develop effective policies to address the nutrition-agricultural linkages in Ghana, it is important to understand and analyze the relationship between these variables. Agricultural production influences dietary quality because many rural households primarily depend on the food they produce. Households’ access to a diverse diet could enhance nutrition security as well as reduce mortality related to malnutrition. Thus, if households adopt a nutrition-sensitive approach in their production process, this may provide the necessary ingredients for diverse diets. However, over the years agricultural interventions in many developing countries have focused mainly on selected crops, particularly cereals, which may not meet household nutritional requirements. While these efforts have contributed to the reduction in hunger, over 800 million people in developing countries still suffer from hunger and micronutrient deficiencies. These effects show that eradicating hunger alone is not enough to ensure nutrition security. However, a potential solution comes from the agricultural sector through farm production diversity. A survey of rural farm households in Northern Ghana was conducted in the major and minor production seasons. Data were collected from six districts using a semi-structured questionnaire. The head of household (main decision maker) (n=505) and a woman mainly in charge of food preparation in the house were the main respondents in the surveys. Household dietary diversity score (HDDS) was measured as the number of counts of 12 food groups eaten by households within 24 hours prior to the interview and household production diversity score (HPDS) was measured as the total number of counts of crops and animals produced by the household in the last twelve months based on the same twelve food groups used in HDDS. A two stage least square with instrumental variables model was developed and estimated. After correcting for endogeneity, increased HPDS increased HDDS while increased distance to the nearest market, household size, proportion of produce sold, income, and price of maize decreased HDDS. Households are encouraged to diversify production but with caution because diversifying production may be unreliable due to the heavy reliance on rainfall in the area which is often unpredictable. Key words: production diversity, dietary diversity, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, instrumental variables, nutrition
Identification and classification of medicinal plants using leaf with deep convolutional neural networks

The Indian medical practise of Ayurveda has gained international renown. Herbal preparations are the basis of Ayurveda medicine. The pharmaceutical industry is beginning to pay more attention to medicinal plants because they have fewer adverse effects and reactions than modern medicine and are also less expensive. In recent years, numerous Deep learning, machine learning algorithms that are both effective and reliable have been utilised for plant classifications by using images of leaf. In this work, 45 distinct medicinal plant leaves were used, and a deep learning model was applied in order to achieve a high degree of accuracy in the classification and recognition procedures that were carried out with the help of computer vision techniques. After categorising the leaves of numerous medicinal plants, the Xception model has a 97.65% accuracy rate.
Re-classification of the alleged quasar Q0045-3337

We present a medium-resolution optical spectrum of the alleged high-redshift quasar Q0045-3337, taken at the ESO/3.6m telescope. Our observations show that the object is not a quasar but a star of spectral type B. We suggest that the object is either a white dwarf or a halo population Blue Horizontal Branch star.
Generation of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond with Ion Implantation

Nitrogen-vacancy defect color centers are created in a high purity single crystal diamond by nitrogen-ion implantation. Both optical spectrum and optically detected magnetic resonance are measured for these artificial quantum emitters. Moreover, with a suitable mask, a lattice composed of nitrogen-vacancy centers is fabricated. Rabi oscillation driven by micro-waves is carried out to show the quality of the ion implantation and potential in quantum manipulation. Along with compatible standard lithography, such an implantation technique shows high potential in future to make structures with nitrogen-vacancy centers for diamond photonics and integrated photonic quantum chip.
Chiefs in Development in Ghana: A Study of two Contemporary Ghanaian Chiefs

The central government has been mandated by the citizens to promote development in all the sectors of the country. In spite of the government's responsibility of promoting development in the country, the private sector also has a role to play. Thus, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), international development partners, civil society organizations, and faith-based organizations have all played diverse roles in promoting development in Ghana. However, a key stakeholder of development at both local and national levels is the Ghanaian chieftaincy system. In contemporary times, some chiefs have redefined their roles as agents of development. Using the qualitative approach and through the lens of modernization theory, this paper investigates the contributions of Otumfuo Osei Tutu II and AgbogbomefiaTogbeAfede XIV to development at both local and national levels. The paper argues that Otumfuo Osei Tutu II and TogbeAfede XIV are modern chiefs who have used their positions and experience to promote development in areas of education, health, business and industry, settlement of disputes, information and communication technology, and sports among others. The paper concludes that both chiefs are agents of development who complement the role of the central government in promoting development in Ghana.
Aspects of a unique natural limnological phenomenon in the Brazilian Pantanal

This study compares physical and chemical parameters of water samples collected in a marginal lake (Castelo Bay) in the Paraguay River Basin in southern Pantanal during a significant natural phenomenon of hypoxia, locally called decoada, and shortly after it. Limnological parameters were analyzed from four sampling sites along the bay. Comparisons of the physical and chemical parameters between decoada and post-decoada periods were performed by Student’s t-test, principal component analysis and multivariate permutational analysis of variance (permanova). During the period of the decoada, there was a significant reduction in mean values of water transparency and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, sodium and nitrite compared to the post-decoada period. On the other hand, water temperature and conductivity, and concentrations of orthophosphate, total nitrogen and total iron have all had higher values during the decoada period. An effect of connectivity between lake and river was found to generate a gradient of water characteristics at Castelo Bay. The limnological characteristics that differed the most between decoada and post-decoada periods are those associated with the reduction of dissolved oxygen that could cause natural death of fish and the increase in nutrients during the decoada, yet they vary on temporal and spatial scales. Keywords: anoxia, dissolved oxygen, floodplain lakes.
RICHTMYER–MESHKOV-TYPE INSTABILITY OF A CURRENT SHEET IN A RELATIVISTICALLY MAGNETIZED PLASMA

The linear stability of a current sheet that is subject to an impulsive acceleration due to shock passage with the effect of a guide magnetic field is studied. We find that a current sheet embedded in relativistically magnetized plasma always shows a Richtmyer–Meshkov-type instability, while the stability depends on the density structure in the Newtonian limit. The growth of the instability is expected to generate turbulence around the current sheet, which can induce the so-called turbulent reconnection, the rate of which is essentially free from plasma resistivity. Thus, the instability can be applied as a triggering mechanism for rapid magnetic energy release in a variety of high-energy astrophysical phenomena such as pulsar wind nebulae, gamma-ray bursts, and active galactic nuclei, where the shock wave is thought to play a crucial role.
Twisting loops and global momentum nonconservation in relative locality

Recent work in Relative Locality has shown that the theory allows for a solution of an on-shell causal loop. We show that the theory contains a different type of a loop in which locally momenta are conserved, but there is no global momentum conservation. Thus a freely propagating particle can decay into two particles, which later recombine to give a particle with momentum and mass different than the original one.
The visually close binary system HD375; Is it a sub-giant binary?

Physics Department, Yarmouk University, P.O. B. 566 Irbid, 21163 Jordan(Dated: November 25, 2013; Received , 2013; Revised)Atmospheric modeling is used to build synthetic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for theindividual components of the speckle interferometric binary system HD375. These synthetic SEDsare combined together for the entire system and compared with its observational SED in an iteratedprocedure to achieve the best ﬁt. Kurucz blanketed models with the measurements of magnitudediﬀerences were used to build these SED’s. The input physical elements for building these bestﬁtted synthetic SEDs represent adequately enough the elements of the system. These elements are:T
Does Rocuroinum Dose Adjusted Due to Lean Body Weight Provide Adequate Intubation Conditions?: A Prospective Observational Study

Methods This is a prospective, observational study. Patients between the ages of 18 and 65 with BMI of 18.5–34.9, who are expected to be under general anesthesia for less than 6 hours, were divided into 3 groups according to their BMI (Group 1 BMI = 18.5–24.9, Group 2 BMI = 25–29.9, Group 3 BMI = 30–34.9). These groups were randomly divided into 2 subgroups: Groups LBW; 1 LBW, 2 LBW, and 3 LBW were given rocuronium intubation dosages based on their LBW while control groups; 1K, 2K, and 3K were given 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium according to their total body weight. The data on the duration of action of rocuronium and its effects on the endotracheal intubation conditions were evaluated. Results In Group 1, T1 time was found to be significantly longer (p=0.001). Intubation score and the use of additional rocuronium dose were found to be significantly higher in Group 1 LBW than in Group 1K (p=0.001). In Group 1, an additional rocuronium dose was needed to achieve optimal intubation conditions for subgroup 1 LBW. Rocuronium duration of action was found to be significantly longer in control groups 2 and 3, that received TBW-based dosage. Conclusion In adult patients with a BMI of 18.5 and 24.9 BMI, we report optimal intubation conditions with the LBW-adjusted rocuronium dosage. This trial is registered with NCT05476952.
Key Success in The Transformation from Volume-Based to Value-Based Healthcare: A Scoping Review

The medical cost trend had been increasing faster than the global inflation rate. Higher costs posed a significant problem for healthcare providers, payers, and eventually patients. The concept of value-based healthcare (VBHC), which emphasized the importance of measuring outcomes relative to the costs, was introduced to mitigate the impact of these medical trends. This research used a scoping review methodology to describe the factors that affect the shift from the conventional volume-based healthcare to value-based healthcare. Data of research based on article search was conducted using online Scopus and Embase databases, resulting in 800 articles describing value-based healthcare. Duplication removal excluded 76 articles, screening excluded 295 articles, eligibility assessment excluded 76 articles, and the remaining 30 articles were included. The results of study show that VBHC was proposed as a shift in healthcare management entailing six reinforcing elements, but most hospitals have implemented only one VBHC element. The most common implemented elements are “the measurement of outcome and cost” and “the reorganization to integrated practice units. ” The key success for the implementation of these elements are: (1) strong data collection to measure clinical outcomes that matter to patients, (2) clear governance of this data management, and (3) strong support from the high leadership to encourage multidisciplinary teamwork. Thus, the true VBHC system can only be reached when all the six elements are achieved. However, no single study describes a success in implementing all elements of VBHC. Hospital leaders need to be cautious when interpreting VBHC as not to think that the VBHC can be reached by cherry-picking only selected elements of VBHC.
Lattice thermal conductivity of graphene flakes: Comparison with bulk graphite

The authors proposed a simple model for the lattice thermal conductivity of graphene in the framework of Klemens approximation. The Gruneisen parameters were introduced separately for the longitudinal and transverse phonon branches through averaging over phonon modes obtained from the first principles. The calculations show that Umklapp-limited thermal conductivity of graphene grows with the increasing linear dimensions of graphene flakes and can exceed that of the basal planes of bulk graphite when the flake size is on the order of a few micrometers. The obtained results are in agreement with experimental data and reflect the two-dimensional nature of phonon transport in graphene.
Nonlinear relativistic corrections to cosmological distances, redshift and gravitational lensing magnification: I. Key results

The next generation of telescopes will usher in an era of precision cosmology, capable of determining the cosmological model to beyond the percent level. For this to be effective, the theoretical model must be understood to at least the same level of precision. A range of subtle relativistic effects remain to be explored theoretically, and offer the potential for probing general relativity in this new regime. We present the distance–redshift relation to second order in cosmological perturbation theory for a general dark energy model. This relation determines the magnification of sources at high precision, as well as redshift space distortions in the mildly non-linear regime. We identify a range of new lensing effects, including: double-integrated and nonlinear-integrated Sachs–Wolfe contributions, transverse Doppler effects, lensing from the induced vector mode and gravitational wave backgrounds, in addition to lensing from the second-order potential. Modifications to Doppler lensing from redshift space distortions are identified. Finally, we find a new double-coupling between the density fluctuations integrated along the line of sight, and gradients in the density fluctuations coupled to transverse velocities along the line of sight. These can be large and thus offer important new probes of gravitational lensing and general relativity. This paper accompanies paper II (Umeh, Clarkson and Maartens 2014 Class. Quantum Grav. 31 205001) , where a comprehensive derivation is given.
An Inexpensive Liquid Crystal Spectropolarimeter for the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Plaskett Telescope

A new, inexpensive polarimetric unit has been constructed for the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) 1.8 m Plaskett telescope. It is implemented as a plug-in module for the telescope’s existing Cassegrain spectrograph, and it enables medium-resolution (R ≈ 10,000) circular spectropolarimetry of point sources. A dual-beam design, together with fast switching of the wave plate at rates up to 100 Hz and synchronized with charge shuffling on the CCD, is used to significantly reduce instrumental effects and achieve high-precision spectropolarimetric measurements for a very low cost. The instrument is optimized to work in the wavelength range of 4700–5300 Å to simultaneously detect polarization signals in the Hβ line, as well as nearby metallic lines. In this article we describe the technical details of the instrument, our observing strategy, and data reduction techniques, and we present tests of its scientific performance.
Transition properties of a potassium atom

We report here oscillator strengths, transition rates, branching ratios and lifetimes due to allowed transitions in potassium (K) atom. We evaluate electric dipole (E1) amplitudes using an all order relativistic many-body perturbation method. The obtained results are compared with previously available experimental and theoretical studies. Using the E1 matrix elements mentioned above and estimated from the lifetimes of the 4P states, we determine precise values of static and dynamic polarizabilities for the first five low-lying states in the considered atom. The static polarizabilities of the ground and 4P states in the present work are more precise than the available measurements in these states. Only the present work employs relativistic theory to evaluate polarizabilities in the 3D states for which no experimental results are known to compare with. We also reexamine "magic wavelengths" for the $4P_{1/2} \rightarrow 4S$ and $4P_{3/2} \rightarrow 4S$ transitions due to the linearly polarized light which are useful to perform state-insensitive trapping of K atoms.
The integrated Sachs–Wolfe signal from BOSS superstructures

Cosmic structures leave an imprint on the microwave background radiation through the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. We construct a template map of the linear signal using the SDSS-III Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Survey at redshift 0.43 < z < 0.65. We verify the imprint of this map on the Planck CMB temperature map at the 97% confidence level and show consistency with the density-temperature cross-correlation measurement. Using this ISW reconstruction as a template we investigate the presence of ISW sources and further examine the properties of the Granett-Neyrinck-Szapudi supervoid and supercluster catalogue. We characterise the three-dimensional density profiles of these structures for the first time and demonstrate that they are significant structures. Model fits demonstrate that the supervoids are elongated along the line-of-sight and we suggest that this special orientation may be picked out by the void-finding algorithm in photometric redshift space. We measure the mean temperature profiles in Planck maps from public void and cluster catalogues. In an attempt to maximise the stacked ISW signal we construct a new catalogue of super-structures based upon local peaks and troughs of the gravitational potential. However, we do not find a significant correlation between these structures and the CMB temperature.