Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Program-Aware Fault-Injection Method for Dependability Evaluation Against Soft-Error Using Genetic Algorithm

Decreasing the scale of transistors and exponential increase in the transistor counts has made the soft-errors as one of the major causes of software failures. Fault injection is a powerful method for dependability assessment of a computer system against soft-errors. A considerable number of randomly injected faults in the current methods and tools are effect-less or equivalent. To overcome this problem and reduce the cost of fault injection, this study presents a software based fault-injection method that accurately evaluates the dependability of a computer system with a limited number fault-injection. Using a genetic algorithm (GA) the most vulnerable executable paths of an input program is identified; then only the basic blocs (BBs) into the identified vulnerable paths are considered as the target of fault injection. The results of fault injections on the set of 8 traditional benchmark-programs show that the proposed method reduces about 20% of effect-less faults by avoiding the injection of faults in .
CDID: A System for Identifying the Root Cause of a Defect in Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication

This paper proposes a system called CDID for diagnosing semiconductor fabrication process. CDID can identify the carry-over defect type that contributed to a defective cluster captured by an in-line inspection tool during a specific fabrication processing step. Let <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R_{x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> be a defective cluster captured by an in-line inspection tool during the fabrication processing step <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {ps_{i}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. First, CDID would identify the defect type of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R_{x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by comparing the image of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R_{x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with the images in reference wafer maps of previous defect clusters captured at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${ps_{i}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Let <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d_{j}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> be the identified defect type. CDID would use rules of inferences for identifying the root cause of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d_{j}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. CDID would utilize <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d_{j}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as a trigger for the appropriate defect specification rules using the standard rules of inferences. Based on established and well-known causes of defects, CDID composes rule-based defect specifications in the form of propositional logic’s premises. The premises are triggered by applying the inference rules. By applying the defect specification rules recursively using the inference rules, CDID can identify the root cause of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d_{j}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The quality of CDID has been experimentally evaluated by measuring its prediction accuracy. Results revealed marked prediction accuracy.
Joint sparsity recovery for compressive sensing based EEG system

The last decade has witnessed tremendous efforts to shape the internet of thing (IoT) platforms to be well suited for healthcare applications. These applications involve the deployment of remote monitoring platforms to collect different information about several vital signs such as electroencephalogram (EEG). However, the deployment of these platforms faces several limitations in terms of high power consumption and system complexity. High energy consumption associated with the continuous wireless data transmission can be optimized by exploring efficient compression techniques such as compressive sensing (CS). CS is an emerging theory that enables a compressed acquisition using well chosen sensing matrices to take random projections of the data in sub-Nyquist sampling rates. In addition, system complexity can be reduced by using hardware friendly structured sensing matrices. This paper quantifies the performance of CS-based scheme for vital sign acquisition for a connected health application over an IoT platform taking multi-channel EEG signals as a case study. In addition, the paper exploits the joint sparsity of multi-channel EEG signals as well as a designed sparsifying basis to increase the sparsity of the EEG signal to improve the reconstruction quality, hence, increase the efficiency of the system.
Short-term deleterious effects of standard isolation and cultivation methods on new tropical freshwater microalgae strains

Algae with potential biotechnological applications in different industries are commonly isolated from the environment in order to obtain pure (axenic) stocks that can be safely stored for long periods of time. To obtain axenic cultures, antibiotics are frequently employed, and cryopreservation is applied to preserve standing stocks. However, many of these now standard methods were developed using strains derived from pristine to near-pristine environments and cold to temperate regions. The potential effect of the said methods on the life cycle and biochemical profile of algae isolates from hyper-eutrophic and constant high-temperature tropical regions is not well understood. These effects could potentially render them unsuitable for their intended biotechnological application. In this study, we conducted a genetic characterization (18S rRNA) and evaluated the effect of purification (the use of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, CAP) and cryopreservation (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO–sucrose mix and glycerol) on the growth rate and lipid content of three new tropical freshwater algal isolates: Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6, and Scenedesmus sp. R3, obtained from the Ecuadorian coast. The genetic and morphological characterization revealed a clear discrimination between these strains. All strains cultured with CAP exhibited a lower growth rate. Subsequent to cryopreservation, Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6, and Scenedesmus sp. R3 presented no significant difference in growth rate between the cryopreservants. Further, a significantly higher lipid content was observed in the biomass cryopreserved with glycerol in relation to the DMSO–sucrose, with Chorella sp. M2 and Chlorella sp. M6 having twice as much as they had in the first treatment. These results highlight the relevance of selecting an appropriate method for storage, as the materials used can affect the biological performance of different tropical species, although it is still to be determined if the effects observed in this study are long lasting in subsequent cultures of these algae.
Burden of Ulcerative Colitis on Functioning and Well-being: A Systematic Literature Review of the SF-36® Health Survey

Background and Aims This review is the first to evaluate the burden of ulcerative colitis [UC] on patients' quality of life by synthesizing data from studies comparing scores from the SF-36® Health Survey, a generic measure assessing eight quality-of-life domains, between UC patients and matched reference samples. Methods A systematic review of the published literature identified articles reporting SF-36 domains or physical and mental component summary scores [PCS, MCS] from UC and reference samples. Burden of disease for each SF-36 domain was then summarized across studies by comparing weighted mean differences in scores between patient and reference samples with minimally important difference thresholds. Results Thirty articles met pre-specified inclusion criteria. SF-36 scores were extracted from five samples of patients with active disease, 11 samples with a mixture of disease activity, five samples of patients in clinical remission, and 13 samples of patients following proctocolectomy with ileostomy or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, along with respective reference samples. Clinically meaningful burden was observed in samples with active or mixed disease activity [deficits: PCS = 5.6, MCS = 5.5] on all SF-36 domains except Physical Functioning. No burden was observed in samples in remission or post-surgical patients [deficits: PCS = 0.8, MCS = 0.4] except for the General Health perception domain. Conclusions Patients with active UC experience a clinically meaningful burden of disease across most aspects of quality of life. Patients with inactive UC exhibit negligible disease burden and are comparable to the general population on most quality-of-life outcomes. Thus, treatments which effectively induce and maintain remission may restore physical and mental health status.
Ladder Networks for Emotion Recognition: Using Unsupervised Auxiliary Tasks to Improve Predictions of Emotional Attributes

Recognizing emotions using few attribute dimensions such as arousal, valence and dominance provides the flexibility to effectively represent complex range of emotional behaviors. Conventional methods to learn these emotional descriptors primarily focus on separate models to recognize each of these attributes. Recent work has shown that learning these attributes together regularizes the models, leading to better feature representations. This study explores new forms of regularization by adding unsupervised auxiliary tasks to reconstruct hidden layer representations. This auxiliary task requires the denoising of hidden representations at every layer of an auto-encoder. The framework relies on ladder networks that utilize skip connections between encoder and decoder layers to learn powerful representations of emotional dimensions. The results show that ladder networks improve the performance of the system compared to baselines that individually learn each attribute, and conventional denoising autoencoders. Furthermore, the unsupervised auxiliary tasks have promising potential to be used in a semi-supervised setting, where few labeled sentences are available.
Human observers impact habituated samango monkeys' perceived landscape of fear

Humans and human infrastructure are known to alter the relationship between predators and prey, typically by directly or indirectly shielding one of the species from the other. In addition to these overt changes to animals’ behavior, observers may have more subtle impacts on animals’ foraging decisions. However, the anthropogenic alteration of risk-taking behavior has rarely been acknowledged or quantified, particularly in behavioral ecological studies reliant on habituated animals. We tested the magnitude of the “human shield effect” experimentally on 2 groups of samango monkeys,
Knowledgebase Development and Review for the Function of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Polysaccharide in Diabetes

Jing Li1, Teng Liu2, Fangli Ma3, Renhuai Cong3, Xiangliang Yang1, Hai Yang1*, An-Yuan Guo2* 1National Engineering Research Center for Nano medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China 2Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR. China. 3Functional Oil Laboratory Associated by Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Infinitus (China) Company Ltd. International Journal of Pharmacovigilance Open Access Mini review
Microhabitat utilization by fork‐marked dwarf lemurs (Phaner spp.) and needle‐clawed galagos (Euoticus spp.) in primary and secondary forests

Needle‐clawed galagos (Euoticus spp.) and fork‐marked dwarf lemurs (Phaner spp.) are specialist gummivores inhabiting the forests of Cameroon and Madagascar, respectively. They share a suite of adaptations related to their foraging behavior, but are distantly related. I compared structural characteristics of the natural vegetation in which these strepsirrhines occurred using 10 m × 10 m (100 m2) quadrats established in forest areas selected on the grounds of observations of animals during nocturnal surveys. I established a total of 27 quadrats (13 in Madagascar and 14 in Cameroon). In each quadrat, trees potentially used by the animals (i.e., with a circumference at breast height ≥10 cm) were assessed for diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, and maximum crown diameter (MCD) as well as tree density. The nature of the bark, and presence of exudates and flowers were also assessed, together with habitat characteristics such as percentage canopy cover and herbaceous cover. Primary and secondary forest types studied in Madagascar showed significant differences in DBH, MCD, and tree density, whereas only tree density was significantly different for the two forest types in Cameroon. Most of the trees in the quadrats had rough bark, but few had either exudates or flowers. Both Phaner and Euoticus show some degree of plasticity in their use of both primary and secondary forests, although they specialize in habitats with tall, large diameter trees. They can adjust to using trees in human modified habitats. Both taxa can survive in areas where a reasonably continuous canopy is not lacking.
PSMD5 Inactivation Promotes 26S Proteasome Assembly during Colorectal Tumor Progression.

Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is central to protein homeostasis and cell survival. The active 26S proteasome is a large protease complex consisting of a catalytic 20S subunit and 19S regulatory particles. Cancer cells are exposed to considerable protein overload due to high metabolic rates, reprogrammed energy metabolism, and aneuploidy. Here we report a mechanism that facilitates the assembly of active 26S proteasomes in malignant cells. Upon tumorigenic transformation of the gut epithelium, 26S proteasome assembly was significantly enhanced, but levels of individual subunits were not changed. This enhanced assembly of 26S proteasomes increased further with tumor progression and was observed specifically in transformed cells, but not in other rapidly dividing cells. Moreover, expression of PSMD5, an inhibitor of proteasome assembly, was reduced in intestinal tumors and silenced with tumor progression. Reexpression of PSMD5 in tumor cells caused decreased 26S assembly and accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. These results suggest that inhibition of cancer-associated proteasome assembly may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to selectively kill cancer cells.Significance: Enhanced cancer-associated proteasome assembly is a major stress response that allows tumors to adapt to and to withstand protein overload.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals. org/content/canres/78/13/3458/F1.large. jpg Cancer Res; 78(13); 3458-68. ©2018 AACR.
Chemical composition of circulating native and desialylated low density lipoprotein: what is the difference?

1Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia. 2INSERM UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, Bld de L’Hopital 91, University of Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, 75013 Paris, France. 3Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, 109240 Moscow, Russia. 4Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia.
Effect of crude extract and its semi purified constituents from guaraná seeds [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) lucke] on cognitive performance in Morris water maze in rats

O efeito do tratamento cronico (gavagem) do extrato bruto liofilizado (EBPC) das sementes da Paullinia cupana, guarana, e seus constituintes semi-purificados EPA e EPB, sobre o comportamento cognitivo foi estudado em ratos submetidos ao teste do labirinto aquatico de Morris. EBPC (30.0 mg/kg) e EPA (2.0 mg/kg), mostraram menor latencia para encontrar a plataforma submersa quando comparados ao grupo controle (salina+ tween 80 a 0.2%), em ratos normais ou tratados com escopolamina, o que sugere efeito benefico sobre a cognicao. Estes extratos nao alteraram a atividade locomotora no teste do campo aberto. A cafeina, reduziu o tempo de latencia para encontrar a plataforma submersa no teste do labirinto aquatico de Morris em tratados com escopolamina. Alem disso, aumentou o numero de cruzamentos no teste do campo aberto, mostrando efeito estimulante. Ratos tratados com EPB nao produziram alteracao significativa nos testes utilizados. Os animais tratados cronicamente com EBPC, EPA ou EPB tiveram a mesma evolucao ponderal e sobrevida o que sugere baixa toxicidade para os extratos.
Communication satellite power amplifiers: current and future SSPA and TWTA technologies

This study captures the state of current satellite transponder technology, specifically, solid‐state power amplifiers (SSPAs) and traveling wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs), and describes expected future advances, including GaN SSPAs. The findings of five previous SSPA and TWTA studies, including the 1991 European Space and Technology Center study, the 1993 National Aeronautics and Space Administration study, and three Boeing studies conducted in 2005, 2008, and 2013, are tabulated and summarized. The results of these studies are then compared with new analyses of two validated sources of amplifier data: a commercially licensed database, Seradata's Spacetrak, and a publicly available database, Gunter's Space Page. The new analyses consider a total of 18,902 amplifiers (6428 TWTAs, 2158 SSPAs, and 10,316 unspecified amplifiers) onboard 565 communications satellites launched from 1982 to 2016. This new study contains the largest number of satellites and amplifiers to date and compares output power, redundancy, and bandwidth capabilities. We find an increase in output power from the 1993 study of >200% for Ku‐band TWTAs and C‐band SSPAs, and >1000% increase for C‐band TWTAs. The ratio of operational to redundant amplifiers is 10 times higher for TWTAs than SSPAs, and the majority of amplifiers over the past 30 years operate with bandwidth less than 100 MHz. A second analysis is conducted using failure records and telemetry of 16 geostationary satellites equipped with 659 amplifiers: 535 SSPAs and 124 TWTAs. We find that <2% of TWTAs and 5% of SSPAs experience anomalies. Overall, this research was performed to update and clarify how the power and bandwidth needs and redundancy trends of the SatCom community have evolved over the past 30 years. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eastern equine encephalitis in puppies in Michigan and New York states

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is classified as a select agent and is capable of causing mortality in humans and a number of veterinary species. Herein, we describe 3 cases of EEE in puppies in Michigan and New York. Two puppies were euthanized following an acute history of seizures and obtundation. A littermate of one of these puppies died 2 wk earlier following a history of anorexia and fever. All 3 puppies lacked significant gross anatomic lesions at autopsy and tested negative for rabies virus. In all 3 puppies, histologic examination revealed necrotizing, neutrophilic, lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis with strong positive immunohistochemical labeling for EEEV antigen in neurons and glial cells. The diagnosis of EEE was confirmed by PCR in one puppy and by plaque reduction neutralization testing in the other 2 dogs. EEE is rare in dogs, and has only been reported in puppies. The initial clinical signs of EEE in puppies are typically nonspecific, including anorexia, fever, and diarrhea, but rapidly progress to severe neurologic disease characterized by seizures and recumbency. Although rare, EEE should be considered as a differential diagnosis for neurologic disease in puppies, especially after more common diseases, such as canine distemper, rabies, and toxoplasmosis have been ruled out.
The Dispersion of the Gauss-Markov Source

The Gauss-Markov source produces $U_{i}=aU_{i-1}+ Z_{i}$ for $i\geq 1$, where $U_{0}\simeq 0, \vert a\vert < 1$ and $Z_{i}\sim \mathcal{N}(0,\ \sigma^{2})$ are i.i. d. Gaussian random variables. We consider lossy compression of a block of $n$ samples of the Gauss-Markov source under squared error distortion. We obtain the Gaussian approximation for the Gauss-Markov source with excess-distortion criterion for any distortion d > 0, and we show that the dispersion has a reverse waterfilling representation. This is the first finite blocklength result for lossy compression of sources with memory. We prove that the finite blocklength rate-distortion function $R(n,\ d,\ \epsilon)$ approaches the rate-distortion function $\mathbb{R}(d)$ as $R(n,\ d,\ \epsilon)= \mathbb{R}(d)+\sqrt{\frac{V(d)}{n}}Q^{-1}(\epsilon)+o(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}})$, where V(d) is the dispersion, $\epsilon\in(0,1)$ is the excess-distortion probability, and $Q^{-1}$ is the inverse of the Q-function. We give a reverse waterfilling integral representation for the dispersion $V$ (d), which parallels that of the rate-distortion functions for Gaussian processes. Remarkably, for all $0 < d\leq\frac{\sigma^{2}}{(1+\vert a\vert 1^{2}}, R(n,\ d,\ \epsilon)$ of the Gauss-Markov source coincides with that of $Z_{i}$, the i.i. d. Gaussian noise driving the process, up to the second-order term. Among novel technical tools developed in this paper is a sharp approximation of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of $n$ samples of the Gauss-Markov source, and a construction of a typical set using the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameter $a$ based on $n$ observations.
Stability and the Morse boundary

Stable subgroups and the Morse boundary are two systematic approaches to collect and study the hyperbolic aspects of finitely generated groups. In this paper we unify and generalise these strategies by viewing any geodesic metric space as a countable union of stable subspaces: we show that every stable subgroup is a quasi‐convex subset of a set in this collection and that the Morse boundary is recovered as the direct limit of the usual Gromov boundaries of these hyperbolic subspaces.
Emerging roles of pathogens in Alzheimer disease

Chronic spirochetal infection can cause slowly progressive dementia, cortical atrophy and amyloid deposition in the atrophic form of general paresis. There is a significant association between Alzheimer disease (AD) and various types of spirochete (including the periodontal pathogen Treponemas and Borrelia burgdorferi), and other pathogens such as Chlamydophyla pneumoniae and herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). Exposure of mammalian neuronal and glial cells and organotypic cultures to spirochetes reproduces the biological and pathological hallmarks of AD. Senile-plaque-like beta amyloid (Aβ) deposits are also observed in mice following inhalation of C. pneumoniae in vivo, and Aβ accumulation and phosphorylation of tau is induced in neurons by HSV-1 in vitro and in vivo. Specific bacterial ligands, and bacterial and viral DNA and RNA all increase the expression of proinflammatory molecules, which activates the innate and adaptive immune systems. Evasion of pathogens from destruction by the host immune reactions leads to persistent infection, chronic inflammation, neuronal destruction and Aβ deposition. Aβ has been shown to be a pore-forming antimicrobial peptide, indicating that Aβ accumulation might be a response to infection. Global attention and action is needed to support this emerging field of research because dementia might be prevented by combined antibiotic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy.