Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Implementation of Transmit Power Control in 802.11b Wireless Networks

One of the main challenges facing mobile communication is reducing the power consumption of the communication interface. One standard approach for reducing power consumption involves lowering the transmit power to the minimum level that still achieves correct reception of a packet despite intervening path loss and fading. Adopting this minimization approach, we describe an implementation of transmit power control for 802.11b wireless networks. Prior work in this field has largely been confined to simulations and theory. The introduction of new 802.11b cards, e.g. Cisco Aironet 350’s, with adjustable transmit power levels enabled us to build and deploy an actual implementation of transmit power control. We describe many of the practical problems revealed by our work, which necessitated specific design decisions such as at what layer transmit power control should be implemented, how often the power control should be updated, and in what way the protocol should adjust its transmit power to account for mobility. Our approach includes among its advantages that it is power-efficient, data-driven, transparent to the application, adaptive to mobility, and incrementally deployable.
Toward picture-perfect streaming on the Internet

Quality of service (QoS) in streaming of continuous media over the Internet is poor, which is partly due to variations in delays, bandwidth limitations, and packet losses. Although continuous media applications can tolerate some missing data, non-recoverable information loss degrades these applications' QoS. Consequently, a number of application areas have backed away from streaming of their content over the Internet. Inability to control the resulting visual and auditory quality of the streamed presentation is an important reason for such a trend. We believe that this trend can be reversed. To this end, this paper gives an overview of our efforts in exploring high quality streaming through the exploitation of multiple paths existing in the network. By high quality, we mean with significant bandwidth requirements, of relatively long duration, and without information loss or hiccups in data delivery. We believe this to be a promising approach.
Hybrid STAN: Identifying and Managing Combinatorial Optimisation Sub- problems in Planning

It is well-known that planning is hard but it is less well-known how to approach the hard parts of a problem instance effectively. Using static domain analysis techniques we can identify and abstract certain combinatorial sub-problems from a planning instance, and deploy specialised technology to solve these sub-problems in a way that is integrated with the broader planning activities. We have developed a hybrid planning system (STAN4) which brings together alternative planning strategies and specialised algorithms and selects them according to the structure of the planning domain. STAN4 participated successfully in the AIPS-2000 planning competition. We describe how sub-problem abstraction is done, with particular reference to route-planning abstraction, and present some of the competition data to demonstrate the potential power of the hybrid approach.
Mutual Fund Brokerage Commissions

The brokerage commissions paid for portfolio transactions by a large sample of equity mutual funds are investigated. Median brokerage commissions measured as a percentage of net assets are 21 basis points per year with a standard deviation of 27 basis points. The commission levels are negatively correlated with fund size and positively correlated with fund turnover and expense ratio. The average brokerage commission measured as a percentage of assets traded exceeds the typical execution-only commissions for large institutional traders. This finding is consistent with many mutual fund brokerage commissions including payments for research, so-called soft dollar payments. Funds' expense ratios are positively correlated with commissions per trade, inconsistent with the idea that mutual fund managers who pay soft dollars for research have a corresponding reduction in management fees.
Marginal Deformations of Tree – Level N = 4 SYM from Twistor String Theory

The topological B–model with target the supertwistor space | CP is known to describe perturbative amplitudes of N = 4 Super Yang–Mills theory. We review the extension of this correspondence to the superconformal gauge theories that arise as marginal deformations of N = 4 by considering the effects of turning on a certain closed string background, which results in non–anticommutativity in the fermionic directions of
Noninvasive Analysis of Hepatic Glycogen Kinetics Before and After Breakfast with Deuterated Water and Acetaminophen

The contributions of hepatic glycogenolysis to fasting glucose production and direct pathway to hepatic glycogen synthesis were quantified in eight type 1 diabetic patients and nine healthy control subjects by ingestion of 2H2O and acetaminophen before breakfast followed by analysis of urinary water and acetaminophen glucuronide. After overnight fasting, enrichment of glucuronide position 5 relative to body water (G5/body water) was significantly higher in type 1 diabetic patients compared with control subjects, indicating a reduced contribution of glycogenolysis to glucose production (38 ± 3 vs. 46 ± 2%). Following breakfast, G5/body water was significantly higher in type 1 diabetic patients, indicating a smaller direct pathway contribution to glycogen synthesis (47 ± 2 vs. 59 ± 2%). Glucuronide hydrogen 2 enrichment (G2) was equivalent to body water during fasting (G2/body water 0.94 ± 0.03 and 1.02 ± 0.06 for control and type 1 diabetic subjects, respectively) but was significantly lower after breakfast (G2/body water 0.78 ± 0.03 and 0.82 ± 0.05 for control and type 1 diabetic subjects, respectively). The reduced postprandial G2 levels reflect incomplete glucose-6-phosphate–fructose-6-phosphate exchange or glycogen synthesis from dietary galactose. Unlike current measurements of human hepatic glycogen metabolism, the 2H2O/acetaminophen assay does not require specialized on-site clinical equipment or personnel.
Fuzzy logic surge control in variable speed axial compressors

This paper discusses active surge control in variable speed axial compressors. A compression system equipped with a variable area throttle is investigated. Based on a given compressor model, a fuzzy logic controller is designed for surge control and a proportional speed controller for speed control. The fuzzy controller uses measurements of the change of mass flow and the change of pressure rise to determine the control action. The presented approach does not require the knowledge of system equilibrium or the surge line. Simulation studies show promising results that the proposed fuzzy logic controller is capable to suppress surge at different operating points.
Gender Differences in Labor Supply to Monopsonistic Firms: An Empirical Analysis Using Linked Employer-Employee Data from Germany

This paper investigates women's and men's labor supply to the firm within a structural approach based on a dynamic model of new monopsony. Using methods of survival analysis and a linked employer-employee dataset for Germany, we find that labor supply elasticities are small (0.9-2.4) and that women's labor supply to the firm is substantially less elastic than men's (which is the reverse of gender differences in labor supply usually found at the level of the market). One implication of these findings is that the gender pay gap could be the result of wage discrimination by profit-maximizing monopsonistic employers.
Statistical estimation of leakage-induced power grid voltage drop considering within-die process variations

Transistor threshold voltages (V/sub th/) have been reduced as part of on-going technology scaling. The smaller V/sub th/ values feature increased fluctuations due to process variations, with a strong within-die component. Correspondingly, given the exponential dependence of leakage on V/sub th/, circuit leakage currents are increasing significantly and have strong within-die statistical variations. With these currents loading the power grid, the grid develops large voltage drops, which is an unavoidable background level of noise on the grid. We develop techniques for estimation of the statistics of the leakage-induced power grid voltage drop based on given statistics of the circuit leakage currents.
An update on the antibiotic-based root canal irrigation solutions

Antibiotics are a valuable addition to health practitioners for the management of bacterial infections. During endodontic treatment and when managing trauma to the teeth, antibiotics may be applied systemically or locally. Due to the potential risk of adverse effects of systemic applications, and the ineffectiveness of systemic prescribed antibiotics in necrotic or pulpless teeth and the periradicular tissues, the local application of antibiotics may be a more effective mode for delivering antibiotics to infected root canals. The purpose of this article is to review the history, rationale, and applications of antibiotics and antibiotic-containing irrigants in endodontics.
Distribuição dos professores e o rendimento dos alunos do ensino primário na cidade de Maputo

Resumo Este estudo procurou estabelecer a relação entre as qualificações dos professores e o rendimento dos alunos, por um lado, e os padrões de distribuição professores e o rendimento dos alunos, por outro. As perguntas que orientaram este estudo foram as seguintes: quais são os padrões de distribuição dos professores e que critérios são utilizados na colocação e distribuição dos professores do Ensino Primário na cidade de Maputo? Em que medida o rendimento dos alunos se relaciona com os níveis de qualificação e padrões de distribuição dos professores? O estudo seguiu uma abordagem quantitativa, tendo analisado estatísticas sobre as qualificações dos professores e rendimento dos alunos. Entrevistas foram conduzidas para determinar os critérios de recrutamento, seleção e distribuição dos professores. Uma amostra estratificada, de 129 professores com idades entre 25 e 65 anos e ± 60% ≤ 15 anos de serviço, foi selecionada, em oito escolas de três distritos municipais. Os resultados indicam uma relação negativa entre as qualificações dos professores e o rendimento dos alunos. Uma relação positiva, porém, foi encontrada entre os anos de serviço, o sexo e o tipo de vínculo laboral dos professores e o rendimento dos alunos.
Construction of Smart Sensor Networks Data System Based on Integration Formalized BCCS Model

Smart sensor means having information detection, information processing, information storage, logical thinking and judgment capabilities of the sensor. In this paper, CCS and B pass-by-value method and language, by giving a lightweight description language to achieve the BCCS model can be used to describe concurrent or distributed systems. The paper presents construction smart sensor networks data system based on integration Formalized BCCS model. The experiment shows that the B method combined with CCS on the powerful formal description of actual smart sensor networks data system capacity. This smart sensor can calculate the value of a physical quantity by using compensation sensor network data in order to improve intelligence. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.
Evidence for Nonvanishing Cosmological Constant in NonSusy Superstring Models

We reanalyse the computation of the cosmological constant Λ at two loops in recently proposed superstring models without massless gravitini, both in the theta-function based formalism and by a detailed computation in the more explicit hyperelliptic description of the underlying genus two Riemann surface. Λ is expressed as the integral over the surface moduli of an amplitude which is zero if SUSY is not completely broken, but we find it to be non vanishing in the SUSY breaking models which can be given an explicitly workable fermionic formulation. Thus unfortunately the issue of getting realistic and perturbatively viable models from Superstring Theory remains open.
Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine Effect on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has multifactorial etiology. Pain and use of opioids are among the important factors. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intrapritoneal (IP) injection of bupivacaine on PONV. Patients and Methods: This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial, conducted on 66 patients aged 20-60, ASA I or II, candidates for LC. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Bupivacaine group received 20 mL bupivacaine 0.25% in the gallbladder bed, before and after cholecystectomy and the control group did not. The incidence of nausea and postoperative pain intensity was measured with Visual analogue scale (VAS) at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after operation, at rest and when coughing and changing positions. Nausea and vomiting occurrence were assessed at the same times. Results: There were no demographic data differences between groups. No differences were found between the two groups, in terms of incidence of nausea and vomiting. Furthermore, both groups were similar with respect to opioid consumption, during four hours post-operation. Conclusions: Intraperitoneal bupivacaine administration at the beginning and end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduced only visceral and shoulder pains at the 4th postoperative hour, but had no effect on reducing neither PONV, nor opioid demand, during the first four postoperative hours.
Visual tracking based on direct orthogonal locality preserving projections

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for feature extraction, called Direct Orthogonal Locality Preserving Projections (DOLPP). The proposed algorithm is based on the orthogonal locality preserving projections (OLPP), which aims at finding a set of orthogonal basis vectors to the eigenfunctions of the laplace beltrami operator. The DOLPP can directly compute the orthogonal basis and is expected to have more discriminating power than LPP. Experimental results on video sequences demonstrate the effectiveness of the propose algorithm.
Self-reference in Japanese and Thai : a comparative study

This study sets out to investigate the self-reference systems in spoken Japanese and Thai with a view to comparing and contrasting the two. The study is primarily concerned with self-reference in the metropolitan varieties of spoken Japanese (Tokyo) and Thai (Bangkok). After a review of previous treatments of self-reference terms and pronouns in Japanese and Thai, four types of self-reference terms pronouns, status terms, personal names and other nouns are analysed to show their meanings and ranges of usage. The analysis is based on data from a combination of sources: (a) an extensive self-report questionnaire survey organised especially to highlight three types of speaker contrast: Japanese/Thai, student/employee and male/female speakers; (b) examples of Japanese/Thai natural conversation, for example, mass media extracts; (c) personal observations and informal interviews with representative native speakers. In most cases (b) and (c) confirmed the data collected in (a), suggesting the general validity of questionnaire results of this type. The self-reference systems in Japanese and Thai are discussed from a comparative perspective. The comparison shows differences and similarities in formal categories and in patterns of usage. In general, relationships of intimacy and power in the Japanese and Thai self-reference case are more problematic and complex than was proposed in the two-dimensional model by Brown and Gilman ( 1960), involving parametric variation referred to there as "power" and "solidarity". While these high. -level variables can furnish a first approximation to the Japanese and Thai cases and provide relevant insights, more specific factors such as gender, age, kinship relationship, occupation, formality, overhearer presence and emotional switch were found to be important in arriving at a fuller picture of how self-reference operates in the two languages. In particular, age and gender were found to be especially important factors in self-reference term selection but they do not operate exactly the same in the two languages. The notion of pronoun scope has been used in this study to account for how certain pronominal forms are selected and also to facilitate intra-language and cross(v) language comparisons. Substantial diachronic change has marked both the Japanese and Thai systems. Overt prescriptive training was found to have some effect on speaker's choices more so in Japanese than in Thai. These and other sources of variation to the general picture outlined in this study are considered.
Anti-Collusion Anonymous Credentials Scheme

In an anonymous credential system, a user can obtain credentials from the organization and can prove the possession of credentials to the service providers, without leaking the privacy. There are three kinds of parties in the scheme: organization, service providers and users. In the previous works, the anonymous credentials schemes cannot prevent the collusion between the organization and the service providers from finding the users' privacy. In this paper, a scheme of anti-collusion anonymous credentials is proposed, it can be based on any secure public key algorithm. In the scheme, there doesn't need a trusted third party to issue the public keys and the secret keys, the scheme take the advantage of the relation of the public key and the secret key, i.e., it is easy to generate a pair of public key and the corresponding secret key, but hard to deduce the secret key from a particular public key. Therefore, the participant only need to have the ability to generate a pair of public key and secret key.
A 2 GHz, 6 mW BiCMOS frequency synthesizer

This paper describes the design of an essential building block in wireless transceivers, the frequency synthesizer. The circuit operates at 2 GHz from a 3 V supply, and is fully integrated with the exception of a loop filter capacitor. Low-power and differential circuit techniques implemented in a 20 GHz BiCMOS process allow the synthesizer to consume 6 mW. A pulse-swallow architecture is adopted for the synthesizer. It consists of a mixer, a low-pass filter (LPF), a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a 16/17 prescaler, a 9 b program counter, and a 7 b swallow counter.
Modulo Scheduling with Reduced Register Pressure

Software pipelining is a scheduling technique that is used by some product compilers in order to expose more instruction level parallelism out of innermost loops. Module scheduling refers to a class of algorithms for software pipelining. Most previous research on module scheduling has focused on reducing the number of cycles between the initiation of consecutive iterations (which is termed II) but has not considered the effect of the register pressure of the produced schedules. The register pressure increases as the instruction level parallelism increases. When the register requirements of a schedule are higher than the available number of registers, the loop must be rescheduled perhaps with a higher II. Therefore, the register pressure has an important impact on the performance of a schedule. This paper presents a novel heuristic module scheduling strategy that tries to generate schedules with the lowest II, and, from all the possible schedules with such II, it tries to select that with the lowest register requirements. The proposed method has been implemented in an experimental compiler and has been tested for the Perfect Club benchmarks. The results show that the proposed method achieves an optimal II for at least 97.5 percent of the loops and its compilation time is comparable to a conventional top-down approach, whereas the register requirements are lower. In addition, the proposed method is compared with some other existing methods. The results indicate that the proposed method performs better than other heuristic methods and almost as well as linear programming methods, which obtain optimal solutions but are impractical for product compilers because their computing cost grows exponentially with the number of operations in the loop body.
New approach to calculate energy on NoC

Low scalability and power efficiency of the shared bus in SoCs is a motivation to use on chip networks instead of traditional buses. In this paper we have modified the Orion power model to reach an analytical model to estimate the average message energy in K-Ary n-cubes with focus on the number of virtual channels. Afterward by using the power model and also the performance model proposed in [11] the effect of number of virtual channels on energy-delay product have been analyzed. In addition a cycle accurate power and performance simulator have been implemented in VHDL to verify the results.
Redox-Sensitive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy at Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Contribute to Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Perturbations of proper functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cause accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the cell, creating a condition known as ER stress. Prolonged ER stress has been implicated in hypertension. Oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons for the maintenance of vasomotor tone reside, plays a pivotal role in neurogenic hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of ER stress in RVLM to oxidative stress–associated hypertension and delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa and the phosphorylation of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase–translation initiation factor &agr;, 2 major protein markers of ER stress, were augmented in RVLM and preceded the development of hypertensive phenotype in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats, stabilizing ER stress by salubrinal promoted antihypertension, and scavenging the reactive oxygen species by tempol reduced the augmented ER stress. Furthermore, induction of oxidative stress by angiotensin II induced ER stress in RVLM, and induction of ER stress by tunicamycin in RVLM induced pressor response in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Autophagy, as reflected by the expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), was significantly increased in RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats and was abrogated by salubrinal. In addition, inhibition of autophagy or silencing LC3-II gene in RVLM resulted in antihypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. These results suggest that redox-sensitive induction of ER stress and activation of autophagy in RVLM contribute to oxidative stress–associated neurogenic hypertension.
The relationship between initial implant stability quotient values and bone-to-implant contact ratio in the rabbit tibia

PURPOSE Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values have been supposed to predict implant stability. However, the relationship between ISQ values and bone-to-implant contact ratio (BIC%) which is one of the predictors of implant stability is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate initial ISQ values in relation to BIC% using rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four New Zealand white rabbits received a total of 16 implants in their tibia. Immediately after implant placement ISQ values were assessed. The measurements were repeated at the time of sacrifice of the rabbits after 4 weeks. Peri-implant bone regeneration was assessed histomorphometrically by measuring BIC% and bone volume to total volume values (bone volume %). The relationships between ISQ values and the histomorphometric output were assessed, and then, the osseointegration prediction model via the initial ISQ values was processed. RESULTS Initial ISQ values showed significant correlation with the BIC%. The bone volume % did not show any significant association with the ISQ values. CONCLUSION In the limitation of this study, resonance frequency analysis is a useful clinical method to predict the BIC% values and examine the implant stability.