Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Path Analysis of Factors Limiting Crop Yield in Rice Paddy and Upland Corn Fields

Knowledge of the relationship between crop yield and yield limiting factors is essential for precision farming. However, developing this knowledge is not easy because these yield limiting factors are interrelated and affect crop yield in different ways. Data for grain yield and yield limiting factors, including crop chlorophyll content, soil chemical properties, and topography were collected for a small (0.3 ha) rice paddy field in Korea and a large (36 ha) upland corn field in the USA, and relationships were investigated with path analysis. Using this approach, the effects of limiting factors on crop yield could be separated into direct effects and indirect effects acting through other factors. Path analysis provided more insight into these complex relationships than did simple correlation or multiple linear regression analysis. Results of correlation analysis for the rice paddy field showed that EC, Ca, and SiO2 had significant correlations with rice yield, while Ca, Mg, Na, SiO2, and P2O5 had significant correlations with the SPAD chlorophyll reading. Path analysis provided additional information about the importance and contribution paths of soil variables to rice yield and growth. Ca had the highest direct effect (0.52) and indirect effect via Mg ( 0.37) on rice yield. The indirect effect of Mg through Ca (0.51) was higher than the direct effect ( 0.38). Path analysis also enabled more appropriate selection of important factors limiting crop yield by considering cause and effect relationships among predictor and response variables. For example, although pH showed a positive correlation (r=0.35) with SPAD readings, the correlation was mainly due to the indirect positive effects acting through Mg and SiO2, while pH not only showed negative direct effects, but also negatively impacted indirect effects of other variables on SPAD readings. For the large upland Missouri corn field, two topographic factors, elevation and slope, had significant direct effects (P<0.1) on yield and highly significant correlations (P<0.01) with other limiting factors. Based on the correlation analysis alone, P and K were determined to be nutrients that would increase corn yield for this field. With the help of path analysis, however, increases in Mg could also be expected to increase corn yield in this case. In general, path analysis results were consistent with published optimum ranges of nutrients for rice and corn production. We conclude that path analysis can be a useful tool to investigate interrelationships between crop yield and yield limiting factors on a site specific basis.
Gender egalitarian attitudes toward family roles and ability, study time, and the academic performance of rural Chinese adolescents

Abstract Previous studies conducted in the West have documented the positive role played by gender egalitarian attitudes in determining the academic performances of girls. However, there remains a deficit of studies investigating whether and how different dimensions of gender egalitarian attitudes held by adolescents relate to their academic performance in rural settings. A study of this kind is important in contexts where it is more difficult for adolescents to transcend stereotypes and traditional gender roles. Using data collected from rural China and school-level fixed effect models, this study considers students’ gender egalitarian attitudes along two dimensions: family and ability. Our results showed that egalitarian attitudes toward ability play a significant role in helping girls narrow the gap with boys in math. Further analysis showed that study time allocation partially explains the positive relationship between egalitarian attitudes toward ability and girls’ math scores as well as their overall academic performance. Future policy initiatives could focus on enhancing gender equality awareness among rural children.
Advancing Healthcare: Synergizing Biosensors and Machine Learning for Early Cancer Diagnosis

Cancer is a fatal disease and a significant cause of millions of deaths. Traditional methods for cancer detection often have limitations in identifying the disease in its early stages, and they can be expensive and time-consuming. Since cancer typically lacks symptoms and is often only detected at advanced stages, it is crucial to use affordable technologies that can provide quick results at the point of care for early diagnosis. Biosensors that target specific biomarkers associated with different types of cancer offer an alternative diagnostic approach at the point of care. Recent advancements in manufacturing and design technologies have enabled the miniaturization and cost reduction of point-of-care devices, making them practical for diagnosing various cancer diseases. Furthermore, machine learning (ML) algorithms have been employed to analyze sensor data and extract valuable information through the use of statistical techniques. In this review paper, we provide details on how various machine learning algorithms contribute to the ongoing development of advanced data processing techniques for biosensors, which are continually emerging. We also provide information on the various technologies used in point-of-care cancer diagnostic biosensors, along with a comparison of the performance of different ML algorithms and sensing modalities in terms of classification accuracy.
H-matrix Solver for the Acceleration of Boundary Integral Equation for Photonic Crystal Fiber

|A waveguide mode solver based on boundary integral equation (BIE) method and matrix compression is developed in this study. Using an accurate discretization based on a Nystr(cid:127)om method and a kernel-splitting technique, the BIE method gives rise to three diﬀerent formulations of a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. H -matrices are used in order to accelerate and increase the precision of the subsequent computations. Results from these investigations on a canonical photonic crystal (cid:12)ber (PCF) chosen as an example demonstrate that the data sparse representation of the BIE discretization reduces the memory storage, as well as the assembly and solution times.
Development of a broadband superluminescent diode based on self-assembled InAs quantum dots and demonstration of high-axial-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging

We developed a near-infrared (NIR) superluminescent diode (SLD) based on self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) and demonstrated high-axial-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging using this QD-based SLD (QD-SLD). The QD-SLD utilized InAs QDs with controlled emission wavelengths as a NIR broadband light emitter, and a tilted waveguide with segmented electrodes was prepared for edge-emitting broadband electroluminescence (EL) spanning approximately 1–1.3 μm. The bandwidth of the EL spectrum was increased up to 144 nm at a temperature of 25 °C controlled using a thermoelectric cooler. The inverse Fourier transform of the EL spectrum predicted a minimum resolution of 3.6 μm in air. The QD-SLD was subsequently introduced into a spectral-domain (SD)-OCT setup, and SD-OCT imaging was performed for industrial and biological test samples. The OCT images obtained using the QD-SLD showed an axial resolution of ~4 μm, which was almost the same as that predicted from the spectrum. This axial resolution is less than the typical size of a single biological cell (~5 μm), and the practical demonstration of high-axial-resolution OCT imaging shows the application of QD-SLDs as a compact OCT light source, which enables the development of a portable OCT system.
Study on anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing of patients with bladder cancer in their different chemotherapy stages

Aims and objectives This study aims to explore the changes in anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing in patients with bladder perfusion during different stages of their chemotherapy, and analyze the correlation among their anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing. Methods A total of 174 patients with bladder cancer who received bladder perfusion chemotherapy were selected. The questionnaire survey was conducted with SAS, SDS, and GWB. The patients were surveyed and the data were analyzed. Results The results of patients' anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing show a dynamic change trend. The change is most obvious after 1 month of chemotherapy and tends to be flat after 3 months of chemotherapy. The scores of anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing in patients with bladder perfusion at different stages are statistically significant (P < 0.05). There is a negative correlation among anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing in patients (r = −0.605, 0.601). Conclusion Patients' emotions change obviously in the first 3 months of their chemotherapy. Clinical workers can take active intervention measures in this period, guide patients to relieve their anxiety and depression, increase their subjective wellbeing level, and improve their quality of life, which is helpful to ensure the successful completion of chemotherapy.
Differential effects of prenatal psychological distress and positive mental health on offspring socioemotional development from infancy to adolescence: a meta-analysis

The impact of prenatal maternal mental health on offspring socioemotional development is substantial and enduring. Existing literature primarily focuses on the effects of psychological distress during pregnancy, emphasizing adverse child outcomes. Recent studies, however, highlight the unique impact of positive maternal mental health on child outcomes. To elucidate the differential associations of maternal psychological distress and positive mental health during pregnancy with child outcomes, we conducted a systematic literature search and random-effects meta-analyses on studies investigating the associations of prenatal maternal mental health with child socioemotional development. Our analyses, comprising 74 studies with 321,966 mother-child dyads across 21 countries, revealed significant associations of prenatal psychological distress with both adverse and positive child socioemotional outcomes. Notably, the effect sizes for the association of psychological distress with positive child outcomes were smaller compared to adverse outcomes. Positive prenatal mental health, on the other hand, was significantly associated with positive socioemotional outcomes but not adverse outcomes. This meta-analysis highlights the independence of negative and positive prenatal mental health constructs and their distinct relationships with child socioemotional development. The findings underscore the importance of considering the positive spectrum of maternal mental health and developmental outcomes to enhance our understanding of prenatal influences on child development. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=335227, identifier CRD42022335227.
The relationship between fundamental motor skills and physical fitness in preschoolers: a short-term longitudinal study

Purpose Physical fitness and fundamental motor skills are two important aspects for the healthy development of preschoolers. Despite the growing interest in clarifying their relationship, the scarcity of longitudinal studies prevents us from understanding causality. Method This study employed a cross-lagged model with two time points to investigate the bidirectional relationship between these two aspects. A total of 174 preschoolers (54.0% girls) from 3 to 6 years old (M = 3.96 ± 0.47) were surveyed, they were recruited by convenience from two kindergartens in Beijing, China, and their physical fitness (via CNPFDSM-EC) and fundamental motor skills (via TGMD-3) were tracked over a period of 6 months. Results The findings revealed a bidirectional predictive effect. The predictive strength of flexibility was found to be lower than other physical fitness aspects, while locomotor skills demonstrated a higher predictive strength than object control skills. Conclusion This study indicates that physical fitness and fundamental motor skills mutually enhance each other in young children, and both should be emphasized in preschool sports education.
Conceptions of learning identified by indigenous students entering a University preparation course

The increase in Indigenous participation in university courses in recent years has not been matched by an increase in graduation. In the mainstream university population, student success has been linked to approaches to learning, which are linked to conceptions of learning. This study investigates what conceptions of learning Indigenous students identify at the beginning of their university career. Thirty six students completed a 'Reflections on Learning Inventory' developed by Meyer (1995). Nine of these students were interviewed in depth about what they thought learning was and how they would go about it. The interview analysis for each of the nine students was compared with their individual inventory profile. It was anticipated that the use of such complementary methods would increase the validity of the findings, but this was not the case. The participants identified a range of conceptions comparable with those identified by mainstream students, but with a greater emphasis on understanding. However, the descriptions of how learning happens were undeveloped and not likely to result in the kind of learning described. The findings will be useful in making curricula decisions in an Indigenous university preparation course that encourage students to adopt successful strategies for learning. In addition, it will also be useful information for the participants themselves as they become reflective learners.
Prognostic assessment of liver cirrhosis and its complications: current concepts and future perspectives

Liver cirrhosis is an irreversible stage of chronic liver disease with varying clinical course. Acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis represents a watershed in prognosis and is characterized by the occurrence of clinical complications such as ascites, jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, infections, or portal-hypertensive hemorrhages. Emergent data indicate that an acute decompensation can be subdivided into stable decompensated cirrhosis (SDC), unstable decompensated cirrhosis (UDC), pre-acute-on chronic liver failure (pre-ACLF) and acute-on chronic liver failure (ACLF), while the mortality risk varies greatly between the respective subgroups. ACLF is the most severe form of acutely decompensated cirrhosis and characterized by the development of organ failure(s) and a high short-term mortality. Due to the dynamic disease course of acute decompensation, it is paramount to detect patients at particular risk for severe complications those at high risk for developing ACLF as early as possible in order to initiate optimal management. This review describes new concepts and perspectives in the definition and classification of decompensated cirrhosis and provides on overview on emerging predictive scoring systems, non-invasive measurement methods and new biomarkers, which allow an early identification of patients with acute decompensation at risk.
Differential Regulations of Antioxidant Metabolism and Cold-Responsive Genes in Three Bermudagrass Genotypes under Chilling and Freezing Stress

As a typical warm-season grass, bermudagrass growth and turf quality begin to decrease when the environmental temperature drops below 20 °C. The current study investigated the differential responses of three bermudagrass genotypes to chilling stress (8/4 °C) for 15 days and then freezing stress (2/−2 °C) for 2 days. The three genotypes exhibited significant variation in chilling and freezing tolerance, and Chuannong-3, common bermudagrass 001, and Tifdwarf were ranked as cold-tolerant, -intermediate, and -sensitive genotypes based on evaluations of chlorophyll content, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, oxidative damage, and cell membrane stability, respectively. Chuannong-3 achieved better tolerance through enhancing the antioxidant defense system to stabilize cell membrane and reactive oxygen species homeostasis after being subjected to chilling and freezing stresses. Chuannong-3 also downregulated the ethylene signaling pathway by improving CdCTR1 expression and suppressing the transcript levels of CdEIN3-1 and CdEIN3-2; however, it upregulated the hydrogen sulfide signaling pathway via an increase in CdISCS expression under cold stress. In addition, the molecular basis of cold tolerance could be associated with the mediation of key genes in the heat shock pathway (CdHSFA-2b, CdHSBP-1, CdHSP22, and CdHSP40) and the CdOSMOTIN in Chuannong-3 because the accumulation of stress-defensive proteins, including heat shock proteins and osmotin, plays a positive role in osmoprotection, osmotic adjustment, or the repair of denatured proteins as molecular chaperones under cold stress. The current findings give an insight into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in the new cultivar Chuannong-3, which provides valuable information for turfgrass breeders and practitioners.
D Morphological modeling of a polycrystaline microstructure with non-convex , anisotropic grains

TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) is an energetic molecular crystal that combines high energetic performance and good thermal stability. By adding a small amount of a polymer acting as a binder between TATB grains, it is possible to obtain exceptionally safe explosives displaying good mechanical properties. A first step toward the understanding of the influence of the microstructure on the mechanical properties of TATB is the development of stochastic models to describe the microstructure of the material.
Morbidity and mortality in a prospective cohort of people who were homeless during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction Certain living conditions, such as homelessness, increase health risks in epidemic situations. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on morbidity and mortality in adult people who were homeless. Methods The study population comprised around 40% of the entire population experiencing homelessness in Marseille. They were enrolled at 48 different locations during the first pandemic wave (June to August 2020) and were followed up 3 and 6 months later. Rapid serological screening for SARS-CoV-2 was performed by community outreach teams at each follow-up, who also conducted interviews. Death registers and hospital administrative databases were consulted. Results A total of 1,332 participants [mean age 40.1 years [SD 14.2], women 339 (29.9%)] were enrolled in the cohort. Of these, 192 (14.4%) participants were found positive for COVID-19 and were propensity score matched (1:3) and compared with 553 non-COVID-19 cases. Living in emergency shelters was associated with COVID-19 infection. While 56.3% of the COVID-19-infected cohort reported no symptoms, 25.0% were hospitalized due to the severity of the disease. Presence of three or more pre-existing comorbidities was associated with all-cause hospitalization. Among COVID-19 cases, only older age was associated with COVID-19 hospitalization. Three deaths occurred in the cohort, two of which were among the COVID-19 cases. Conclusion The study provides new evidence that the population experiencing homelessness faces higher risks of infection and hospitalization due to COVID-19 than the general population. Despite the efforts of public authorities, the health inequities experienced by people who are homeless remained major. More intensive and appropriate integrated care and earlier re-housing are needed.
Development of a Generic PBK Model for Human Biomonitoring with an Application to Deoxynivalenol

Toxicokinetic modelling provides a powerful tool in relating internal human exposure (i.e., assessed through urinary biomarker levels) to external exposure. Chemical specific toxicokinetic models are available; however, this specificity prevents their application to similar contaminants or to other routes of exposure. For this reason, we investigated whether a generic physiological-based kinetic (PBK) model might be a suitable alternative for a biokinetic model of deoxynivalenol (DON). IndusChemFate (ICF) was selected as a generic PBK model, which could be fit for purpose. Being suited for simulating multiple routes of exposure, ICF has particularly been used to relate the inhalation and dermal exposure of industrial chemicals to their urinary excretion. For the first time, the ICF model was adapted as a generic model for the human biomonitoring of mycotoxins, thereby extending its applicability domain. For this purpose, chemical-specific data for DON and its metabolites were collected directly from the literature (distribution and metabolism) or indirectly (absorption and excretion) by fitting the ICF model to previously described urinary excretion data. The obtained results indicate that this generic model can be used to model the urinary excretion of DON and its glucuronidated metabolites following dietary exposure to DON. Additionally, the present study establishes the basis for further development of the model to include an inhalation exposure route alongside the oral exposure route.
Volumetric Differences in Cerebellum and Brainstem in Patients with Migraine: A UK Biobank Study

Background: The cerebellum and the brainstem are two brain structures involved in pain processing and modulation that have also been associated with migraine pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between the morphology of the cerebellum and brainstem and migraine, focusing on gray matter differences in these brain areas. Methods: The analyses were based on data from 712 individuals with migraine and 45,681 healthy controls from the UK Biobank study. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the mean gray matter volumetric differences in the brainstem and the cerebellum. The models were adjusted for important biological covariates such as BMI, age, sex, total brain volume, diastolic blood pressure, alcohol intake frequency, current tobacco smoking, assessment center, material deprivation, ethnic background, and a wide variety of health conditions. Secondary analyses investigated volumetric correlation between cerebellar sub-regions. Results: We found larger gray matter volumes in the cerebellar sub-regions V (mean difference: 72 mm3, 95% CI [13, 132]), crus I (mean difference: 259 mm3, 95% CI [9, 510]), VIIIa (mean difference: 120 mm3, 95% CI [0.9, 238]), and X (mean difference: 14 mm3, 95% CI [1, 27]). Conclusions: Individuals with migraine show larger gray matter volumes in several cerebellar sub-regions than controls. These findings support the hypothesis that the cerebellum plays a role in the pathophysiology of migraine.
Adoption of Cloud-Based Accounting to Achieve Sustainable Development in Banking Industry: A Case of Indonesia

Objective: This study aims to explain the factors that influence of cloud accounting adoption in the Banking industry by applying the technology acceptance model (TAM) and technology-organization-environment (TOE). Methods: The research method that was evaluated empirically used survey data from employee in banking industry. Data processing was carried out using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Result: The results showed that management support, organizational competence, service quality, system quality, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a significant relationship with intention to use cloud accounting. The intention to adopt of cloud accounting had a significant relationship to the use of cloud accounting. Conclusions: This research contributes to a theoretical understanding of the factors that enable the intention to adoption of cloud accounting while providing benefits to financial firms in general that enable them to further develop cloud accounting frameworks.