Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution functions for clusters of galaxies from N-body simulations

We present the results of an attempt to adapt the distribution function formalism to characterize large-scale structures like clusters of galaxies that form in a cosmological N­ body simulation. While galaxy clusters are systems that are not strictly in equilibrium, we show that their evolution can nevertheless be studied using a physically motivated extension of the language of equilibrium stellar dynamics. Restricting our analysis to the virialized region, a prescription to limit the accessible phase space is presented, which permits the construction of both the isotropic and the anisotropic distribution functions/(2') and/(X, L). The method is applied to models extracted from a catalogue of simulated clusters. Clusters evolved in open and flat background cosmologies are followed during the course of their evolution, and are found to transit through a sequence of what we define as 'quasi-equilibrium' states. An interesting feature is that the computed/(2') is well fitted by an exponential form. We conclude that the dynamical evolution of a cluster, undergoing relaxation punctuated by interactions and violent mergers with consequent energy exchange, can be studied in both a qualitative and a quantitative fashion by following the time evolution of/(2').
Performance of RVQ Limited Feedback Beamforming over Correlated Channels

This work considers the performance of multipleinput single-output (MISO) wireless systems employing beamforming over correlated wireless channels. More specifically, we examine the use of Random Vector Quantization (RVQ) as a limited feedback method of informing the transmitter of the appropriate beamforming vector. Using RVQ, we are able to derive the distribution functions of the beamforming gain in such a system in closed form. In addition, we derive the power offset in the delay-limited capacity for RVQ systems in closed form based on the approach of Au-Yeung and Love for i.i. d. channels [1]. This result is applicable to any channel model. For all of these results we derive simplifications for the case of two transmit antennas. Simulation results are provided that confirm our results and show a decrease in performance for the correlated channels.
Hasta-La-Vista: Termination Analyser for Logic Programs

Verifying termination is often considered as one of the most important aspects of program verification. Logic languages, allowing us to program declaratively, increase the danger of non-termination. Therefore, termination analysis received considerable attention in logic programming (see e.g. [7, 8, 10, 16]). Unfortunately, the majority of existing termination analysers, such as TermiLog [15], TerminWeb [7], and cTI [16] are restricted to pure logic programs and thus, leave many interesting real-world examples out of consideration. Therefore, in order to abridge the gap between programming practice and existing termination analysers real-world programming techniques should be considered. In this paper we present Hasta-La-Vista—a powerful tool for analysing termination of logic programs with integer computations. Hasta-La-Vista extends the constraints-based approach of Decorte et al. [9] by integrating the inference algorithm of [19]. Moreover, as explained in [19], in the integer case our approach is not limited to proving termination, but can also infer termination, i.e., find the set of queries terminating for a given program. System architecture. Conceptually, Hasta-La-Vista consists of three main parts: transformation, constraints generation and constraints solving. As a preliminary step, given a program and a set of atomic queries, type analysis of Janssens and Bruynooghe [14] computes the call set. We opted for a very simple type inference technique that provides us only with information whether some argument is integer or not. Based on the results of the type analysis the system decides whether termination of the given program can be dependent on the integer computation. In this case, the adorning transformation is applied [19]. The aim of the transformation is to discover bounded integer arguments and to make the bounds explicit. Intuitively, if a variable x is known to be bounded from above by n, then n x is always positive and thus, can be used as a basis for a definition of a levelmapping (a function from the set of atoms to the naturals). In order to prove termination we have to show that the level-mapping decreases while traversing a clause. This requirement can be translated into a set of constraints. Finally, this set of constraints is solved and depending on the solution termination is
Modifying the Entity relationship modelling notation: towards high quality relational databases from better notated ER models

The entity relationship modelling using the original ER notation has been applauded providing a natural view of data in conceptual modelling of information systems. However, the current ER to relational model transformation algorithm is known to be insufficient in providing a complete and accurate representation of the ER model undertaken for transformation. In an effort to derive better transformations from ER models, we have understood that modifications should be introduced to both of the existing transformation algorithm as well as to the ER notation. Introducing some new concepts, we have adapted the original ER notation and developed a new transformation algorithm based on the existing one. This paper presents the modified ER notation with an ER diagram drawn based on the new notation.
Design of CMOS/SOS Circuits for Space Applications

Requirements of integrated circuits for space applications are high speed, small size and great reliability. The CMOS/SOS process technology inherently fulfills these requirements. Recently discovered problems of reliability are soft errors or "bit-flips" induced by galactic cosmic rays or terrestrial ¿-particles. This paper discusses CMOS/SOS circuit design which minimizes these errors. A design example is given for D flip-flop as a typical storage element, and a comparison is made between 4 ¿m, 2 ¿m, and 1 ¿m channel lengths. Results obtained for short channel lengths indicate that the design of VLSI circuits for space applications with CMOS/SOS technology is feasible and realistic.
Chimeric adaptor proteins translocate diverse type VI secretion system effectors in Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a diverse species of Gram‐negative bacteria, commonly found in the aquatic environment and the causative agent of the potentially deadly disease cholera. These bacteria employ a type VI secretion system (T6SS) when they encounter prokaryotic and eukaryotic competitors. This contractile puncturing device translocates a set of effector proteins into neighboring cells. Translocated effectors are toxic unless the targeted cell produces immunity proteins that bind and deactivate incoming effectors. Comparison of multiple V. cholerae strains indicates that effectors are encoded in T6SS effector modules on mobile genetic elements. We identified a diverse group of chimeric T6SS adaptor proteins required for the translocation of diverse effectors encoded in modules. An example for a T6SS effector that requires T6SS adaptor protein 1 (Tap‐1) is TseL found in pandemic V. cholerae O1 serogroup strains and other clinical isolates. We propose a model in which Tap‐1 is required for loading TseL onto the secretion apparatus. After T6SS‐mediated TseL export is completed, Tap‐1 is retained in the bacterial cell to load other T6SS machines.
Scheduling algorithms and operating systems support for real-time systems

This paper summarizes the state of the real-time field in the areas of scheduling and operating system kernels. Given the vast amount of work that has been done by both the operations research and computer science communities in the scheduling area, we discuss four paradigms underlying the scheduling approaches and present several exemplars of each. The four paradigms are: static table-driven scheduling, static priority preemptive scheduling, dynamic planning-based scheduling, and dynamic best effort scheduling. In the operating system context, we argue that most of the proprietary commercial kernels as well as real-time extensions to time-sharing operating system kernels do not fit the needs of predictable realtime systems. We discuss several research kernels that are currently being built to explicitly meet the needs of real-time applications. >
Receptor Subtype-specific Regulation of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Sequestration by Dynamin

Sustained stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and other G protein-coupled receptors usually leads to a loss of receptor binding sites from the plasma membrane, referred to as receptor sequestration. Receptor sequestration can occur via endocytosis of clathrin-coated vesicles that bud from the plasma membrane into the cell but may also be accomplished by other, as yet ill-defined, mechanisms. Previous work has indicated that the monomeric GTPase dynamin controls the endocytosis of plasma membrane receptors via clathrin-coated vesicles. To investigate whether mAChRs sequester in a receptor subtype-specific manner via dynamin-dependent clathrin-coated vesicles, we tested the effect of overexpressing the dominant-negative dynamin mutant K44A on m1, m2, m3, and m4 mAChR sequestration in HEK-293 cells. The m1, m2, m3, and m4 mAChRs sequestered rapidly in HEK-293 cells following agonist exposure but displayed dissimilar sequestration pathways. Overexpression of dynamin K44A mutant fully blocked m1 and m3 mAChR sequestration, whereas m2 mAChR sequestration was not affected. Also, m4 mAChRs, which like m2 mAChRs preferentially couple to pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, sequestered in a completely dynamin-dependent manner. Following agonist removal, sequestered m1 mAChRs fully reappeared on the cell surface, whereas sequestered m2 mAChRs did not. The distinct sequestration of m2 mAChRs was also apparent in COS-7 and Chinese hamster ovary cells. We conclude that the m2 mAChR displays unique subtype-specific sequestration that distinguishes this receptor from the m1, m3, and m4 subtypes. These results are the first to demonstrate that receptor sequestration represents a new type of receptor subtype-specific regulation within the family of mAChRs.
Crystal structure of the activated insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in complex with peptide substrate and ATP analog

The crystal structure of the phosphorylated, activated form of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in complex with a peptide substrate and an ATP analog has been determined at 1.9 Å resolution. The activation loop (A‐loop) of the kinase undergoes a major conformational change upon autophosphorylation of Tyr1158, Tyr1162 and Tyr1163 within the loop, resulting in unrestricted access of ATP and protein substrates to the kinase active site. Phosphorylated Tyr1163 (pTyr1163) is the key phosphotyrosine in stabilizing the conformation of the tris‐phosphorylated A‐loop, whereas pTyr1158 is completely solvent‐exposed, suggesting an availability for interaction with downstream signaling proteins. The YMXM‐containing peptide substrate binds as a short anti‐parallel β‐strand to the C‐terminal end of the A‐loop, with the methionine side chains occupying two hydrophobic pockets on the C‐terminal lobe of the kinase. The structure thus reveals the molecular basis for insulin receptor activation via autophosphorylation, and provides insights into tyrosine kinase substrate specificity and the mechanism of phosphotransfer.
Simultaneous Feature Selection and LS-SVM Parameters Optimization Algorithm Based on PSO

For the feature selection and parameter optimization of LS-SVM, propose a At first, a population of Particles (feature subsets) was randomly generated, then the features and parameters are optimized by PSO algorithm. The experiments on the UCI database indicate that the proposed method can efficiently find the suitable feature subsets and LS-SVM parameters. Also, comparison are made against GALS-SVM and LS-SVM; and the results show that the proposed PSOLS-SVM outperform the others in classification performance.
Leading for Learning: How to Transform Schools into Learning Organizations

Preface. Acknowledgments. About the Author. PART ONE. Chapter 1: Case for Transformation. Chapter 2: Systems and Technology Change. Chapter 3: Bureaucracies vs. Learning Organizations. Chapter 4: Bureaucratic Images of Schools. Chapter 5: A New Image of Schools. PART TWO: GETTING OUR BEARINGS: THE SOCIOPOLITICAL LANDSCAPE. Chapter 6: Bureaucratic Impulse. Chapter 7: Reassessing Standards. Chapter 8: Restoring Civic Capacity and Building Social Capital: Two Keys to School Transformation. PART THREE: TAKING THE FIRST STEPS: HOW TRANSFORMATION CAN HAPPEN. Chapter 9: Painting a New Image of Schools. Chapter 10: Creating the Capacity to Support Innovation. Chapter 11: Transforming Standards into Sources of Direction. Chapter 12: A Theory of Action. Chapter 13: Leading from the Heart and Recapturing our Heritage. PART FOUR. Appendix A. Appendix B. Bibliography. Index.
Islands of practice and the Marston/Brenner debate: toward a more synthetic critical human geography

This paper argues that an important obstacle to the continued development of critical human geography are ‘islands of practice’, through which scholars become embedded in a research and writing tradition that limits their intellectual and political horizons. I use a recent nondebate in Progress in Human Geography between Sallie Marston and Neil Brenner as an illustration of how islands of practice can stifle intellectual exchange. The paper suggests that the best way to dissolve the islands is a methodological program to create a more synthetic approach that consciously integrates multiple aspects of the critical project.
Les produits d'epargne d'entreprise : De la rationalité financière à l'insatisfaction partagée

Les firmes mettent en place de nouvelles formes de retribution, les produits d'epargne d'entreprise, leur permettant de substantielles economies fiscales et sociales par rapport aux augmentations classiques de salaire et procurant aux salaries une remuneration supplementaire, exempte d'impot et de charges sociales. La logique financiere inherente a ces produits, concomitante a l'accroissement de l'implication des salaries dans l'entreprise, laisserait donc supposer une amelioration des performances financieres de la firme. Cependant, de nombreuses theories et etudes empiriques, principalement en gestion des ressources humaines, tendent a montrer l'inefficacite de telles remunerations. Les explications de cette absence d'effet positif resident dans la rationalite limitee des individus, quipeuvent difficilement evaluer une remuneration differee, et l'aspect finalement peu incitateur des produits, l'individu s'averant davantage motive par des recompenses pecuniaires immediates, conformement aux prescriptions classiques tayloriennes. Une etude empirique a ete menee aupres des fabricants francais de machines et d'equipements, afin de mesurer la relation entre la presence de produits d'epargne d'entreprise et la performance financiere de la firme. Les resultats infirment l'existence de ce lien et suggerent le concept d'insatisfaction financiere partagee entre la firme, les actionnaires et les salaries.
Point based graphics: state of the art and recent advances

This course presents the latest research results in point-based computer graphics. It begins with a discussion of novel concepts for mathematical representation of point-sampled shapes, focusing on moving least squares, spherical MLS, and robust statistics. Next, it addresses efficient algorithms for digital geometry processing and modeling of point models, including filtering, resampling, spectral processing, and deformation. IThis section covers high-quality rendering methods for point samples, such as EWA splatting and ray tracing, and explains hardware architectures for efficient point processing and rendering. The last part of the course summarizes how point representations can be utilized in the context of physically based animation.
Fungal infections in premature infants.

To the Editor. — Baley et al, in "Disseminated Fungal Infections in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Clinical Manifestations and Etiology" (Pediatrics 1984;73:144-152), provided a wealth of clinical detail about systemic candidiasis in very low-birth-weight infants and emphasized the increased risk in infants with a prolonged period of parenteral alimentation via central lines. They observed late-onset carbohydrate intolerance in these infected infants and imply that fungal sepsis may precipitate hyperglycemia. The causal relationship and temporal sequence of such insidious conditions as hyperglycemia and candidemia may be difficult to establish in retrospect.
Regulation of Polymerase II Transcription by 7SK snRNA: Two Distinct RNA Elements Direct P-TEFb and HEXIM1 Binding

ABSTRACT The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), a complex of Cdk9 and cyclin T1/T2, stimulates transcription by phosphorylating RNA polymerase II. The 7SK small nuclear RNA, in cooperation with HEXIM1 protein, functions as a general polymerase II transcription regulator by sequestering P-TEFb into a large kinase-inactive 7SK/HEXIM1/P-TEFb complex. Here, determination and characterization of the functionally essential elements of human 7SK snRNA directing HEXIM1 and P-TEFb binding led to a new model for the assembly of the 7SK/HEXIM1/P-TEFb regulatory complex. We demonstrate that two structurally and functionally distinct protein binding elements located in the 5′- and 3′-terminal hairpins of 7SK support the in vivo recruitment of HEXIM1 and P-TEFb. Consistently, a minimal regulatory RNA composed of the 5′ and 3′ hairpins of 7SK can modulate polymerase II transcription in HeLa cells. HEXIM1 binds independently and specifically to the G24-C48/G60-C87 distal segment of the 5′ hairpin of 7SK. Binding of HEXIM1 is a prerequisite for association of P-TEFb with the G302-C324 apical region of the 3′ hairpin of 7SK that is highly reminiscent of the human immunodeficiency virus transactivation-responsive RNA.
Prediction Based Proactive Thermal Virtual Machine Scheduling in Green Clouds

Cloud computing has rapidly emerged as a widely accepted computing paradigm, but the research on Cloud computing is still at an early stage. Cloud computing provides many advanced features but it still has some shortcomings such as relatively high operating cost and environmental hazards like increasing carbon footprints. These hazards can be reduced up to some extent by efficient scheduling of Cloud resources. Working temperature on which a machine is currently running can be taken as a criterion for Virtual Machine (VM) scheduling. This paper proposes a new proactive technique that considers current and maximum threshold temperature of Server Machines (SMs) before making scheduling decisions with the help of a temperature predictor, so that maximum temperature is never reached. Different workload scenarios have been taken into consideration. The results obtained show that the proposed system is better than existing systems of VM scheduling, which does not consider current temperature of nodes before making scheduling decisions. Thus, a reduction in need of cooling systems for a Cloud environment has been obtained and validated.
A hierarchical threshold multi-secret sharing scheme

This paper first proposes a hierarchical threshold multi-secret sharing scheme based on solving the linearly independent equations. This scheme has the same power as T.Tassapsilas scheme, in which the participants of any authorized subset in the hierarchical threshold access structure can reconstruct the shared secret and the non-authorized subset cannot, and the size of all shares is same as that of the secret. But in our scheme there are more secrets reconstructed at the same time during a sharing process. Thus, our scheme is more efficient than their scheme.
Favoriser la santé psychologique des professionnels de la santé en début de carrière : l'importance du soutien à l'autonomie, de la concordance des tâches et de la conscience de soi

Past studies have revealed psychological health problems and work dissatisfaction among health professionals, but less is known about the factors that may explain these difficulties (e.g., Cohen & Patten, 2005). The goal of this dissertation is to examine the antecedents of health professionals’ satisfaction at work and psychological health based on an empirically validated theory. To this end, selfdetermination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000) is used as a conceptual framework and autonomy support (Black & Deci, 2000; Grolnick & Ryan, 1989) is proposed as a principal predictor of work satisfaction and psychological health. This dissertation comprises three scientific articles. The first article is a literature review and the next two are empirical. The first article is a literature review of the consequences and correlates of autonomy support in various life domains. An overview of self-determination theory is first provided, followed by a review of the consequences and correlates of autonomy support in different life domains. Limits are mentioned and future research directions are discussed. The second article aims at testing a predictive model of medical residents’ psychological health. Tasks self-concordance (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) and selfawareness (Goldman & Kernis, 2002) are hypothesized to be two different pathways
Capecitabine in the treatment of esophageal and gastric cancers

Introduction: Fluoropyrimidine therapy has been a mainstay in the treatment of cancers of the esophagus and stomach for nearly half of a century in the form of intravenous 5-fluorouracil. Capecitabine, an oral fluoropyrimidine precursor, was first approved in 2001 for the treatment of metastatic colon cancer and may be used interchangeably with parenteral 5-FU in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Areas covered: In this article, mechanisms of action and synergy with other systemic therapies and radiation are reviewed. A summary of the most important clinical trial results shaping the use of capecitabine in the treatment of cancers of the esophagus and stomach is offered, along with an update of upcoming areas of interest using this agent in these disease types. Expert opinion: Improvements in understanding molecular mechanisms of disease, defining distinct disease subtypes based on histology, genetic background and levels of protein expression as well as signaling pathways may start to clarify the reasons underlying heterogeneous clinical behaviors and different outcomes between patients with seemingly similar tumor types. Capecitabine ushered in the era of oral chemotherapy, providing ease of administration with comparable if not superior efficacy to its older parental counterpart. The best way to fully exploit its potential in gastroesophageal cancers is being actively studied worldwide at all stages of disease management.