Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A robustness analysis of discrete-time direct model reference adaptive control

For a class of discrete-time systems with multiplicative uncertainties, the design and analysis of robust direct model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with normalized adaptive law are investigated. By reproving the discrete-time conclusions on the an relationship properties between the input and the output, and the swapping Lemmas I and II, establishing the properties of discrete-time adaptive law, defining the normalizing signal, and relating the signal with all the signals in the closed-loop system, the stability and robustness properties of the discrete-time MRAC scheme are analysed rigorously in a systematic fashion as in the continuous-time case.
Integrated plasmonic lens photodetector

Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors may see increased responsivity when a plasmonic lens is integrated with the photodetector. The increased responsivity of the photodetector may be a result of effectively ‘guiding’ photons into the active area of the device in the form of a surface plasmon polariton. In one embodiment, the plasmonic lens may not substantially decrease the speed of the MSM photodetector. In another embodiment, the Shottkey contacts of the MSM photodetector may be corrugated to provide integrated plasmonic lens. For example, one or more of the cathodes and anodes can be modified to create a plurality of corrugations. These corrugations may be configured as a plasmonic lens on the surface of a photodetector. The corrugations may be configured as parallel linear corrugations, equally spaced curved corrugations, curved parallel corrugations, approximately equally spaced concentric circular corrugations, chirped corrugations or the like.
Myocardial Segmentation of Tagged Magnetic Resonance Images with Transfer Learning Using Generative Cine-To-Tagged Dataset Transformation

The use of deep learning (DL) segmentation in cardiac MRI has the potential to streamline the radiology workflow, particularly for the measurement of myocardial strain. Recent efforts in DL motion tracking models have drastically reduced the time needed to measure the heart’s displacement field and the subsequent myocardial strain estimation. However, the selection of initial myocardial reference points is not automated and still requires manual input from domain experts. Segmentation of the myocardium is a key step for initializing reference points. While high-performing myocardial segmentation models exist for cine images, this is not the case for tagged images. In this work, we developed and compared two novel DL models (nnU-net and Segmentation ResNet VAE) for the segmentation of myocardium from tagged CMR images. We implemented two methods to transform cardiac cine images into tagged images, allowing us to leverage large public annotated cine datasets. The cine-to-tagged methods included (i) a novel physics-driven transformation model, and (ii) a generative adversarial network (GAN) style transfer model. We show that pretrained models perform better (+2.8 Dice coefficient percentage points) and converge faster (6×) than models trained from scratch. The best-performing method relies on a pretraining with an unpaired, unlabeled, and structure-preserving generative model trained to transform cine images into their tagged-appearing equivalents. Our state-of-the-art myocardium segmentation network reached a Dice coefficient of 0.828 and 95th percentile Hausdorff distance of 4.745 mm on a held-out test set. This performance is comparable to existing state-of-the-art segmentation networks for cine images.
Beam waist and M2 measurement using a finite slit

Laser beam profiling can be accomplished by several techniques, which have different degrees of accuracy. For the description of near-Gaussian beams using the M 2 parameter, the scanning slit method is a convenient and accurate profiling technique. The profiling of a tightly focused Q -switched laser beam is described. It is possible to correct very simply for the finite slit size, and it is not necessary for the slit width to be much less than the waist radius. This correction can also be applied in the CCD camera measurement technique, in which some correction can be made for the nonzero pixel size.
Germanium Nanosheet-FETs Scaled to Subnanometer Node Utilizing Monolithically Integrated Lattice Matched Ge/AlAs and Strained Ge/InGaAs

In this work, we have analyzed novel p-channel nanosheet-FET (NSFET) architectures, which utilize Ge channel grown heteroepitaxially on GaAs with an intermediate AlAs etch-stop/buffer layer. The lattice matched Ge/AlAs heterostructure offers significant benefits for gate all-around (GAA) CMOS devices such as: 1) defect-free interface and channel; 2) ease of fabrication owing to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 10^{{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>:1 etch selectivity between AlAs and Ge; 3) well-established and transferrable material growth and process; 4) superior performance and low-power dissipation; 5) no limitation of sheet thickness; and 6) higher number of vertically stacked sheets. The transition from the well-established FinFET architecture to the Ge p-NSFET will improve <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by 12% to 0.11 mA/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, subthreshold swing (SS) by 9% to 86 mV/dec, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 5\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, at the N5 node. In addition, the use of InxGa<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{1}-\text {x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>As strain template to sustain a tunable tensile strain in Ge through pseudomorphic growth can result in an additional 40% improvement in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 8% in SS, at a strain of 1% for the p-NSFET. Leveraging the lattice matched Ge/AlAs growth, the 3-D stacking of a large number of NSs is possible, and a significant boost in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 4\times$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is obtained with eight layers despite of parasitics-induced self-loading. In applications requiring high drive current, increasing the number of stacked Ge NSs is the most efficient design pathway to improve circuit delay and area-delay-product (ADP). This system shows suitability for low-power and high-performance applications for dimensions down to N0.7, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>0.6 mA/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the SS is 81 mV/dec.
What Factors Dominate the Change of PM2.5 in the World from 2000 to 2019? A Study from Multi-Source Data

As the threat to human life and health from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases globally, the life and health problems caused by environmental pollution are also of increasing concern. Understanding past trends in PM2.5 and exploring the drivers of PM2.5 are important tools for addressing the life-threatening health problems caused by PM2.5. In this study, we calculated the change in annual average global PM2.5 concentrations from 2000 to 2020 using the Theil–Sen median trend analysis method and reveal spatial and temporal trends in PM2.5 concentrations over twenty-one years. The qualitative and quantitative effects of different drivers on PM2.5 concentrations in 2020 were explored from natural and socioeconomic perspectives using a multi-scale geographically weighted regression model. The results show that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in trends in PM2.5 concentration, with significant decreases in PM2.5 concentrations mainly in developed regions, such as the United States, Canada, Japan and the European Union countries, and conversely, significant increases in PM2.5 in developing regions, such as Africa, the Middle East and India. In addition, in regions with more advanced science and technology and urban management, PM2.5 concentrations are more evenly influenced by various factors, with a more negative influence. In contrast, regions at the rapid development stage usually continue their economic development at the cost of the environment, and under a high intensity of human activity. Increased temperature is known as the most important factor for the increase in PM2.5 concentration, while an increase in NDVI can play an important role in the reduction in PM2.5 concentration. This suggests that countries can achieve good air quality goals by setting a reasonable development path.
Attenuation of helical wave radiation from cylindrical shells by viscoelastic layer

This paper studies the attenuation of helical wave radiation from cylindrical shells by a viscoelastic layer through the problem of sound scattering from a three‐layered shell with its core layer being made of viscoelastic material. An asymptotic method is used to derive the helical wave numbers for compressional and shear waves which are the main contributors to the scattered field in the midfrequency domain. These helical wave numbers are derived in explicit analytical forms so that the dominant material parameters that control the dissipation are identified. The technique of ray acoustics is used to find contributions to the scattered field due to compressional and shear waves, as well as the specularly reflected field, and the dissipative effects of the viscoelastic layer on each of the components are discussed.
Recent Advances in Reconfigurable Metasurfaces: Principle and Applications

Metasurfaces have shown their great capability to manipulate electromagnetic waves. As a new concept, reconfigurable metasurfaces attract researchers’ attention. There are many kinds of reconfigurable components, devices and materials that can be loaded on metasurfaces. When cooperating with reconfigurable structures, dynamic control of the responses of metasurfaces are realized under external excitations, offering new opportunities to manipulate electromagnetic waves dynamically. This review introduces some common methods to design reconfigurable metasurfaces classified by the techniques they use, such as special materials, semiconductor components and mechanical devices. Specifically, this review provides a comparison among all the methods mentioned and discusses their pros and cons. Finally, based on the unsolved problems in the designs and applications, the challenges and possible developments in the future are discussed.
Adaptive fuzzy output feedback motion/force control for wheeled inverted pendulums

In this study, adaptive fuzzy output feedback motion/force control is investigated for wheeled inverted pendulums with unmodelled dynamics, whose states and time derivatives of the output are unavailable. The proposed adaptive fuzzy output feedback control reconstructs the system states by using a high-gain observer, and makes use of bounds online adaptation mechanism to cancel the dynamics uncertainties. Based on Lyapunov synthesis, the proposed control ensures that the system outputs track the given bounded reference signals within a small neighbourhood of zero, and guarantees zero-dynamics stability. The effectiveness of the proposed control is verified through extensive simulations.
Submillimeter detection and mixing using Schottky diodes

Schottky diodes have been used for the first time as harmonic mixers in the 0.1–1.0‐mm wavelength region. Beat notes between the 33rd harmonic of a 74‐GHz V‐band klystron and 118.8‐μ laser radiation are observed directly without the need of narrow‐band synchronous detection. The demonstrated performance of these room‐temperature diodes as wide‐band or heterodyne detectors of submillimeter radiation and their rugged construction make them superior to current point contact devices.
Real-Time Risk Assessment Detection for Weak People by Parallel Training Logical Execution of a Supervised Learning System Based on an IoT Wearable MEMS Accelerometer

Activity monitoring has become a necessary demand for weak people to guarantee their safety. The paper proposed a Parallel Training Logical Execution (PTLE) system using machine learning (ML) models on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer to detect coughs, falls, and other normal activities. When there are many categories, the ML prediction can be confused between these activities with each other. The PTLE system trains several models in parallel with more specific activity classes in each dataset. The shared tasks between parallel models relieve the complexity for a single one. There are six additional parameters for accelerometer characteristics, which were calculated from three axes accelerations as input features to improve the ML’s consciousness. Once all models were trained, the system was ready to receive the input accelerations and activated the logical flow to manage link operation between these ML models for output predictions. Random Forest (RF) had the highest potential among the ML classification algorithms after the validation. In the experiment, the comparison between the PTLE model and the regular ML model were carried out with real-time data from an M5stickC wearable device on the user’s chest to the trained models on PC. The result showed the advancement of the proposed method in term of precision, recall, F1-score with an overall accuracy of 98% in the real-time test. The accelerations from the wearable device were sent to ML models via Wi-Fi with Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) broker, and the activity predictions were transferred to the cloud for the family members or doctor care based on Internet of Things (IoT) communication.
Interference fringes from stabilized diode lasers

Interference fringes produced by a pair of intracavity stabilized diode laser beams, each impinging separately on one aperture of a double slit, are recorded on a linear charge-coupled device array. The peculiar result of the experiment is that the fringe system is found to persist for a time of the order of 1 ms and loses contrast for longer integration times. This implies that the individual linewidths of the two beams from the stabilized lasers are narrower than 1 kHz and that the average drift rates of the central peaks are far less than 0.1 MHz/s. The device was built within the advanced undergraduate electronics laboratory of the department of physics and represents a considerable improvement over previous demonstration apparatuses used to detect interference fringes from independent lasers.
Improvement on the Forward-backward Iterative Physical Optics Algorithm Applied to Computing the RCS of Large Open-ended Cavities

The equivalent impedance boundary condition and the transmission line theory are used to analyze the surface impedance and reflective coefficient of the PEC surface coated with a thin absorber layer. Then, the IPO iterative equation is deduced by combining the surface impedance and reflective coefficient with the asymptotic principles of physical optics. The method of initial value succession is introduced to the forward-backward iterative physical optics (FBIPO) algorithm. The initial residual error is reduced by inheriting the current values. Combined with a relaxation parameter, the method improves the convergence of the FBIPO algorithm for cavity scattering problems. The accuracy of RCS calculation is also enhanced by using a more precise mixed-face model. The RCS of a jet inlet model is calculated, with its results in good agreement with the experimental ones. The method is also used to calculate the RCS reduction of a circular wave guide by coating the inner wall with absorber material.
Compact Quad-channel Diplexer Using Stub-loaded Stepped Impedance Resonators

This letter presents a compact quad-channel diplexer, which is implemented based on a quad-mode stub-loaded stepped impedance resonator (SLSIR). The proposed diplexer consists of two dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) and hook-shaped coupling lines. By tuning electrical length and impedance ratios of the two pairs of SLSIRs, four passbands are implemented. To meet the demands of high isolation level between channels and proper external coupling for the four passbands, hook-shaped coupling lines are properly designed.
First results of a sensitive search for H I envelopes in a complete sample of spiral galaxies: Extensive H I near the isolated Sc I NGC 628

Preliminary results of a search with the Arecibo 1000 foot (305 m) telescope for extended H I envelopes surrounding spiral galaxies show that column densities N(H I)> or =3 x 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -2/ at 2--3 Holmberg radii (R/sub Ho/) are not common. Our sample includes all galaxies of Hubble type later than SO, with optical major-axis diameter greater than 7', and with declination 3/sup 0/--35/sup 0/, and recessional velocity greater than 200 km s/sup -1/.
A K-Band Full 360° Phase Shifter Using Novel Non-Orthogonal Vector Summing Method

A novel non-orthogonal vector summing method is proposed and used to design phase shifter (PS) with low phase error and high phase resolution. The principle and topology of the proposed method are first investigated, while the calculation results indicate less sensitivity from phase error to magnitude mismatch than the conventional orthogonal vector summing method. A non-orthogonal vector generator with low phase and magnitude error is further designed to implement the proposed non-orthogonal vector summing. For demonstration, a $K$ -band full 360° PS with the phase resolution of 3.75° is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process with the core chip size of 0.15 mm2. The results show a 0.75°–2.08° rms phase error and a 0.8–0.95-dB rms voltage gain error, while the total power consumption is 16 mW under a 1.2-V voltage supply.
Introduction of a Mutual Feature between Electrodes into Support Vector Machine Based Person Verification Using Evoked Electroencephalogram by Ultrasound

In user management, to realize continuous user authentication, we study the use of an electroencephalogram (EEG) evoked by ultrasound as biometrics. In previous studies, using a spectrum and four nonlinear quantities in EEG as individual features and a support vector machine (SVM) as a verification method achieved an equal error rate (EER) of 0 %. However, it required a large number of SVM models, wherein considerable amount of computation regarding learning was consumed. In this study, we introduce a mutual feature between electrodes and confirm its effectiveness in achieving EER = 0 % with a smaller number of SVM models.
Automatic Asynchronous Execution of Synchronously Offloaded OpenMP Target Regions

Use of heterogeneous architectures has steadily increased during the past decade. However, non-homogeneous systems present a challenge to the programming model as the execution models between CPU and accelerator might differ considerably. OpenMP, since version 4.0, has been trying to bridge this gap by allowing to offload a code block to a target device. Among the additions to the OpenMP offloading API since, the most notably probably is asynchronous execution between device and host. By default, offloaded regions are executed synchronously, thus the host thread blocks until their completion. The nowait clause allows work to overlap between the host and target device. However, nowait must be manually added by the user, along with the tasks data dependencies and appropriate synchronization to avoid race conditions, increasing the program complexity and developer burden. In this work, we present automatic asynchronous execution for OpenMP offloaded regions. By taking advantage of the distinct host and target data environments, we discover opportunities that allow them to overlap execution without any need for user intervention. We also describe the necessary changes in the LLVM/OpenMP runtime. We evaluate our implementation through multiple HPC proxy applications and well known parallel benchmarks executed on GPUs. The measured performance can double for an ideal test case while real application exhibit speedups between 5% and 34%.
A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filter Based on Quartz Glass Substrate with Wide Stop Band

This paper proposes a type of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter with wide stop band. Firstly, the structure uses a quartz glass-based substrate, which has lower losses compared to silicon-based substrates. Secondly, the transmission of TE102 and TE201 modes is effectively suppressed by the deep coupling feeder effect of the input and output and the horizontal coupling between the cavities. The multi-layer structure realizes electrical coupling to improve the squareness and reduce the area of the filter. Under the above characteristics, the filter is composed of a sixth-order resonator, the center frequency $f_{0}=20.2\text{GHz}$, the bandwidth is 1.5GHz, the insertion loss is −2dB, the in-band return loss is less than −15dB, and the out-of-band suppression can be achieved within $2. 05f_{0}$ less than-40dB effect.
Autistic Behavior as Novel Clinical Finding in OFD1 Syndrome

Orofaciodigital syndrome I (OFD1–MIM #311200) is a rare ciliopathy characterized by facial dysmorphism, oral cavity, digit, and brain malformations, and cognitive deficits. OFD1 syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder reported mostly in females. The gene responsible for this condition, OFD1 centriole and centriolar satellite protein (OFD1), is involved in primary cilia formation and several cilia-independent biological processes. The functional and structural integrity of the cilia impacts critical brain development processes, explaining the broad range of neurodevelopmental anomalies in ciliopathy patients. As several psychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia, are neurodevelopmental in nature, their connections with cilia roles are worth exploring. Moreover, several cilia genes have been associated with behavioral disorders, such as autism. We report on a three-year-old girl with a complex phenotype that includes oral malformations, severe speech delay, dysmorphic features, developmental delay, autism, and bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia, presenting a de novo pathogenic variant in the OFD1 gene. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of autistic behavior in a female patient with OFD1 syndrome. We propose that autistic behavior should be considered a potential feature of this syndrome and that active screening for early signs of autism might prove beneficial for OFD1 syndrome patients.
Effect of Al2O3 Additive on the Soft Magnetic Properties of High-Bs Fe-Co-Al-O Films on a Thin Underlayer

To understand the origin of the soft magnetic properties of Fe-Co system films with a high saturation magnetic flux density (Bs), structural analysis was performed by conducting detailed X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations in a wide range of film thicknesses and Al2O3 compositions. An initial growth layer with small grains, a continuous columnar structure, and alternation of the crystal orientation according to the film thickness are important for obtaining good soft magnetic properties in a wide range of film thicknesses. These features can be obtained by using a combination of an Al2O3 additive of about 1−3 at% and a thin underlayer. The mechanism of the soft magnetic properties of Fe-Co system films seems to be partially explained by the existence of an initial growth layer with good soft magnetic properties and the exchange-coupling effect with the initial growth layer.