Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Object-Based Spatiotemporal Characterization of Forest Change from an Annual Time Series of Landsat Image Composites

Abstract Identifying and mapping the location, extent, severity, and causal agent of forest change events is necessary for obtaining a wide range of information. Using 6 ecologically representative test sites (each ∼ 800 km2) in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, for the period 1998–2012, our objective was to prototype an object-based approach for identifying spectral change features, filling data gaps in Landsat reflectance annual best-available-pixel (BAP) composites, and attributing change processes to the derived stand-like spatial objects. The tasseled cap angle (TCA), which combines information from the visible, near-infrared, and midinfrared, enabled the description of landscape condition and its temporal derivative, the process indicator (PI), relates the rate and directionality of change at the landscape level. Data gaps, as well as anomalous values identified using time-series similarity analysis with dynamic time warping and cross-correlation measures, were replaced by spatiotemporal interpolation, resulting in annual proxy composites with no missing values. An assessment of proxy values against surface reflectance values indicated high agreement for reflectance bands (R = 0.79–0.96, RMSE = 0.005–0.021) and for TCA (R = 0.93, RMSE = 0.005), and a decrease in reliability of the proxy value as the size of the spatiotemporal gap increased, with longer temporal gaps having a greater impact on infill reliability than larger spatial gaps. Distinctive change dynamics of the sample sites were captured, demonstrating a capacity to simultaneously identify low and high magnitude changes as well as positive (e.g., growth) and negative (e.g., wildfire) trajectories using the PI. The approach presented herein provides a robust option for monitoring forest change by simultaneously describing state and ongoing change processes.
Supply and Demand : A Framework to Assess Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Vascular Interactions

Accurate and comprehensive evaluation of right ventricular (RV)-pulmonary vascular (PV) interactions is critical to the assessment of cardiopulmonary function, dysfunction, and failure. Here, we review methods of quantifying RV-PV interactions and experimental results from clinical trials as well as largeand small-animal models based on pressure-volume analysis. We conclude by outlining critical gaps in knowledge that should drive future studies. Diana M. Tabima,* Jennifer L. Philip,* and Naomi C. Chesler Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin; and Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin *D. M. Tabima and J. L. Philip contributed equally to this work. Naomi.Chesler@wisc.edu
Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Africanized Apis mellifera colonies with natural tolerance to Varroa destructor and contrasting defensive behavior

Africanized Apis mellifera colonies with promising characteristics for beekeeping have been detected in northern Argentina (subtropical climate) and are considered of interest for breeding programs. Integral evaluation of this feral material revealed high colony strength and resistance/tolerance to brood diseases. However, these Africanized honeybees (AHB) also showed variable negative behavioral traits for beekeeping, such as defensiveness, tendency to swarm and avoidance behavior. We developed a protocol for the selection of AHB stocks based on defensive behavior and characterized contrasting colonies for this trait using NGS technologies. For this purpose, population and behavioral parameters were surveyed throughout a beekeeping season in nine daughter colonies obtained from a mother colony (A1 mitochondrial haplotype) with valuable characteristics (tolerance to the mite Varroa destructor, high colony strength and low defensiveness). A Defensive Behavior Index was developed and tested in the colonies under study. Mother and two daughter colonies displaying contrasting defensive behavior were analyzed by ddRADseq. High-quality DNA samples were obtained from 16 workers of each colony. Six pooled samples, including two replicates of each of the three colonies, were processed. A total of 12,971 SNPs were detected against the reference genome of A. mellifera, 142 of which showed significant differences between colonies. We detected SNPs in coding regions, lncRNA, miRNA, rRNA, tRNA, among others. From the original data set, we also identified 647 SNPs located in protein-coding regions, 128 of which are related to 21 genes previously associated with defensive behavior, such as dop3 and dopR2, CaMKII and ADAR, obp9 and obp10, and members of the 5-HT family. We discuss the obtained results by considering the influence of polyandry and paternal lineages on the defensive behavior in AHB and provide baseline information to use this innovative molecular approach, ddRADseq, to assist in the selection and evaluation of honey bee stocks showing low defensive behavior for commercial uses.
Normal and Reverse Flow Injection Analysis Methods for Estimation of Mesalazine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Determining the actual amounts of active ingredients in various pharmaceutical commercial forms is still receiving a lot of attention. Two flow injection analysis (FIA) methods were suggested for determination of mesalazine (MES) in pharmaceutical forms. Normal and reverse FIA systems (nFIA and rFIA) combined with UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique were used for the analysis. The methods involved using two mods of FIA systems for measuring a colored product result from coupling of MES with 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl after oxidized with sodium periodate in alkaline medium. The absorbance of the red colored dye was measured at maximum wavelength of 500 nm. The calibration graphs for MES were linear in the ranges 2.5-200 and 0.5-60 µg/mL with RSD of best than 3% for both methods respectively. Also the limits of detection were 1.2 and 0.2 µg/mL and limits of quantitation were 3.6 and 0.7 µg/mL of MSL for nFIA and rFIA systems respectively. All physical and chemical conditions of flow systems such as flow rate, reaction coil length and reagent concentrations were carefully studied. The proposed methods were applied for determining MES in four commercial tablets without any interferences.
L-cysteine ethyl ester prevents and reverses acquired physical dependence on morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats

The molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of addiction/dependence on morphine may result from the ability of the opioid to diminish the transport of L-cysteine into neurons via inhibition of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAA3). The objective of this study was to determine whether the co-administration of the cell-penetrant L-thiol ester, L-cysteine ethyl ester (L-CYSee), would reduce physical dependence on morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats. Injection of the opioid-receptor antagonist, naloxone HCl (NLX; 1.5 mg/kg, IP), elicited pronounced withdrawal phenomena in rats which received a subcutaneous depot of morphine (150 mg/kg) for 36 h and were receiving a continuous infusion of saline (20 μL/h, IV) via osmotic minipumps for the same 36 h period. The withdrawal phenomena included wet-dog shakes, jumping, rearing, fore-paw licking, 360° circling, writhing, apneas, cardiovascular (pressor and tachycardia) responses, hypothermia, and body weight loss. NLX elicited substantially reduced withdrawal syndrome in rats that received an infusion of L-CYSee (20.8 μmol/kg/h, IV) for 36 h. NLX precipitated a marked withdrawal syndrome in rats that had received subcutaneous depots of morphine (150 mg/kg) for 48 h) and a co-infusion of vehicle. However, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal signs were markedly reduced in morphine (150 mg/kg for 48 h)-treated rats that began receiving an infusion of L-CYSee (20.8 μmol/kg/h, IV) at 36 h. In similar studies to those described previously, neither L-cysteine nor L-serine ethyl ester (both at 20.8 μmol/kg/h, IV) mimicked the effects of L-CYSee. This study demonstrates that 1) L-CYSee attenuates the development of physical dependence on morphine in male rats and 2) prior administration of L-CYSee reverses morphine dependence, most likely by intracellular actions within the brain. The lack of the effect of L-serine ethyl ester (oxygen atom instead of sulfur atom) strongly implicates thiol biochemistry in the efficacy of L-CYSee. Accordingly, L-CYSee and analogs may be a novel class of therapeutics that ameliorate the development of physical dependence on opioids in humans.
Demographic Characteristics of Unvaccinated Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Barwon South West, Victoria, Australia

We investigated 328 SARS-CoV-2 cases in Barwon South West, Victoria, Australia, in the 2020 pre-vaccination period, comparing infections with symptoms to those that remained asymptomatic. De-identified self-reported data on case characteristics and symptom progression from three sequential questionnaires were examined. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model associations between demographic profiles and symptoms. Asymptomatic infections were more than three times as likely to be seen in ethnic minority groups than the Caucasian population after adjusting for gender and age [OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5–6.7, p < 0.01] and were more common among cases of Asian background [OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.2–6.4]. Asymptomatic infections were also more common in youth and younger adults, but cases were approximately seven times more likely to be in seniors (≥65 years) compared with those 24 years of age or younger after adjusting for sex and ethnicity [OR 6.9, 95% CI 1.3–35.8]. The overrepresentation of ethnic minority groups among asymptomatic infections is suggestive of genetic haplotype variability by ethnic group, conferring greater cross-protection from other coronaviruses in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Replication of this analysis in the post-vaccination era and reassessment of symptom expression according to ethnicity in a community with established vaccine and infection-induced immunity would determine whether this is a sustained association or one confined to the early stages of a pandemic in an immunologically naive population. These findings may, in part, reflect differences in testing patterns by ethnicity and true differences in disease expression, both of which are important to understand in order to inform transmission prevention strategies and tailored risk messaging according to ethnic background.
M athematics and M echanics of Complex Systems

This contribution aims to shed light on mathematical epidemic dynamics modeling from the viewpoint of analytical mechanics. To set the stage, it recasts the basic SIR model of mathematical epidemic dynamics in an analytical mechanics setting. Thereby, it considers two possible reparametrizations of the basic SIR model: one rescales time, while the other transforms the coordinates, i
Perspectives of racetrack memory based on current-induced domain wall motion: From device to system

Current-induced domain wall motion (CIDWM) is regarded as a promising way towards achieving emerging high-density, high-speed and low-power non-volatile devices. Racetrack memory is an attractive concept based on this phenomenon, which can store and transfer a series of data along a magnetic nanowire. Although the first prototype has been successfully fabricated, its advancement is relatively arduous caused by certain technique and material limitations. Particularly, the storage capacity issue is one of the most serious bottlenecks hindering its application for practical systems. In this paper, we present two alternative solutions to improve the capacity of racetrack memory: magnetic field assistance and chiral domain wall (DW) motion. The former one can lower the current density for DW shifting; the latter one can utilize materials with low resistivity. Both of them are able to increase the nanowire length and allow higher feasibility of large-capacity racetrack memory. Furthermore, system level simulation shows that a racetrack memory based cache can improve system performance by about 15.8% and significantly reduces the energy consumption, compared to the SRAM counterpart.
The HYPE Clinic: An Early Intervention Service for Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) emerges during adolescence and young adulthood and has profound effects throughout this vulnerable developmental phase and beyond. Hitherto, clinical interventions for BPD have focused on individuals with established and/or chronic forms of the disorder. However, over the past 15 years, a body of evidence has developed supporting the reliability, validity, and clinical importance of the diagnosis of BPD in adolescence, underscoring the need for prevention and early intervention for BPD. This paper describes the work of the Helping Young People Early (HYPE) Clinic in Melbourne, Australia. HYPE is a novel indicated prevention and early intervention service for BPD in youth (15 to 25 y of age). It uses an integrated, team-based intervention model comprising time-limited cognitive analytic therapy as developed by Ryle, case management, and general psychiatric care. The HYPE intervention is supported by effectiveness data.
Applications of automatic seismic image flattening and edge detection to land seismic data

With field seismic data we demonstrate that geological features, especially subtle ones, can be better revealed by full-volume flattened seismic cubes. The flattened seismic cubes are created by a linear inversion method recently proposed by Parks and Hale. Their method is fully automatic with no user picks required. After flattening, the time slices are corresponding to depositional time (named geo-time) on which stratigraphic information is better manifested. In addition, we show improved results by applying a seismic edge-detection (coherence-cube) algorithm on the flattened cubes.
The Application of Advanced Bone Imaging Technologies in Sports Medicine

Until recently, the evaluation of bone health and fracture risk through imaging has been limited to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and plain radiographs, with a limited application in the athletic population. Several novel imaging technologies are now available for the clinical assessment of bone health, including bone injury risk and healing progression, with a potential for use in sports medicine. Among these imaging modalities is high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) which is a promising technology that has been developed to examine the bone microarchitecture in both cortical and trabecular bone at peripheral anatomical sites. Technologies that do not expose patients to ionizing radiation are optimal, particularly for athletes who may require frequent imaging. One such alternative is diagnostic ultrasound, which is preferable due to its low cost and lack of radiation exposure. Furthermore, ultrasound, which has not been a common imaging modality for monitoring fracture healing, has been shown to potentially demonstrate earlier signs of union compared to conventional radiographs, including callus mineralization and density at the healing site. Through the use of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to simulate the structural and mechanical properties of bone. On the other hand, the ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI can evaluate cortical bone quality by detecting water bound to the organic bone matrix and free water, providing important information about bone porosity. Several novel bone imaging techniques originally developed for osteoporosis assessment have great potential to be utilized to improve the standard of care in bone fracture risk assessment and healing in sports medicine with much greater precision and less adverse radiation exposure.
Spring migration phenology and arrival conditions of the Eastern Bonelli's Warbler and the Semi-collared Flycatcher at a small Greek island

In this study, we examined the spring migration phenology and arrival body mass and fat score of two long-distance migrants, the Eastern Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus orientalis and the Semi-collared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata at a small Greek island. Our data indicate a regular and early spring passage of both species through the area, with the Semi-collared Flycatcher peaking in late March and early April and the Eastern Bonelli's Warbler about a week later. The arrival body masses of both species were lower than any other mean value of body mass previously reported. This, along with the low fat loads of both species, indicates that the birds' reserves are depleted after crossing the Mediterranean Sea and suggests that they had probably not refuelled after the desert crossing.
Experimental measurement of flow field in 180° curved duct with rectangular cross-section by LDV

The flow field in the 180° curved duct with the rectangular section was measured by Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV). The mean velocity and the turbulent intensity of the flow field were investigated.At the radial location,except for the r*=0.1 location,the tangential velocity changed a little along the Z direction,and the tangential velocity decreased gradually until zero near the upper wall.The tangential velocity increased between 0° and 60°,while the tangential velocity decreased between 60° and 180° near the inner wall.On the contrary,the tangential velocity decreased between 0° and 60°,but the tangential velocity increased between 60° and 180° near the outer wall.In the 180° curved duct,the tangential velocity near the inner wall was larger than the tangential velocity near the outer wall.At the r*=0.1 location of 90°～180° longitudinal section,the tangential velocity had obvious fluctuation due to the boundary layer and secondary flow.The axial velocity was much less than the tangential velocity,and had a little change along the Z direction.The axial velocity showed significant positive and negative values,which indicated the existence of the secondary flow,and the center of secondary flow moved from the outer wall to the inner wall.The tangential intensity and axial turbulent intensity were about 0.1Vi with the same order of magnitude.The tangential turbulent intensity had an obvious fluctuation at the r*=0.1 location between 150° and 180°. But the axial turbulent intensity changed a little along the axial and radial direction.
An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure: Ahead-of-time Preparation for Safe High-level Container Interfaces

Containers continue to gain traction in the cloud as lightweight alternatives to virtual machines (VMs). This is partially due to their use of host filesystem abstractions, which play a role in startup times, memory utilization, crash consistency, file sharing, host introspection, and image management. However, the filesystem interface is high-level and wide, presenting a large attack surface to the host. Emerging secure container efforts focus on lowering the level of abstraction of the interface to the host through deprivileged functionality recreation (e.g., VMs, userspace kernels). However, the filesystem abstraction is so important that some have resorted to directly exposing it from the host instead of suffering the resulting semantic gap. In this paper, we suggest that through careful ahead-of-time metadata preparation, secure containers can maintain a small attack surface while simultaneously alleviating the semantic gap.
Constrained Potential Field Inversions in Areas under Cover: Examples from Gawler Craton IOCG Prospects

Summary The future of greenfields mineral exploration will be driven towards covered terranes with little or no outcrop. Consequently, the inherent risk and costs of such exploration will rise. The exploration focus will be pushed towards inexpensive methods and more importantly obtaining the most value from them. Potential field geophysics provide a solution to this impending issue with regional datasets often available in the public domain and higher resolution data being relatively inexpensive to acquire. Constrained potential field inversion represents a method for adding or maximising the value from the associated datasets. Many greenfields environments have an apparent absence of a priori data to constrain the first pass inversion. This paper suggests that although this absence may exist, meaningful "soft" constraints will still be present which when included in the model objective function, improve and add value to the inversion process. Additionally the same constraints can be used to test whether a proposed geological hypothesis is a viable model. Using gravity data over covered IOCG prospects within the Gawler Craton, this paper demonstrates how "soft" constraints can be employed to enhance the inversion process. Simplified layered geological models representing cover and basement have been discretised, using realistic petrophysical bounds that when incorporated into the model objective function yield more accurate results. Furthermore, the potential of a prospect to host IOCG mineralisation can be simply tested in a similar fashion. When inversion results describe bodies that are geologically unrealistic, the target can be downgraded saving a potentially expensive drillhole.
β-l-Arabinofurano-cyclitol Aziridines Are Covalent Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors and Activity-Based Probes for Retaining β-l-Arabinofuranosidases

GH127 and GH146 microorganismal retaining β-l-arabinofuranosidases, expressed by human gut microbiomes, feature an atypical catalytic domain and an unusual mechanism of action. We recently reported that both Bacteroides thetaiotaomicronBtGH146 and Bifidobacterium longum HypBA1 are inhibited by β-l-arabinofuranosyl cyclophellitol epoxide, supporting the action of a zinc-coordinated cysteine as a catalytic nucleophile, where in most retaining GH families, an aspartate or glutamate is employed. This work presents a panel of β-l-arabinofuranosyl cyclophellitol epoxides and aziridines as mechanism-based BtGH146/HypBA1 inhibitors and activity-based probes. The β-l-arabinofuranosyl cyclophellitol aziridines both inhibit and label β-l-arabinofuranosidase efficiently (however with different activities), whereas the epoxide-derived probes favor BtGH146 over HypBA1. These findings are accompanied by X-ray structural analysis of the unmodified β-l-arabinofuranosyl cyclophellitol aziridine in complex with both isozymes, which were shown to react by nucleophilic opening of the aziridine, at the pseudoanomeric carbon, by the active site cysteine nucleophile to form a stable thioether bond. Altogether, our activity-based probes may serve as chemical tools for the detection and identification of low-abundance β-l-arabinofuranosidases in complex biological samples.