Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ideological Features Of Vocabulary In News Reports Of Malaysia’s Medium Of Instruction Change

News reports are part and parcel of the human communication system; however they cannot be taken at face value, because reporters determine the context of a piece of news by making choices in the subjects, the point of view from which they describe the issue and through the style of their reporting. This allows media to propagate ideology through their texts. As such a comparative analysis of four newspaper articles; from The Star (Malaysia), the International Herald Malaysia (international newspaper with a Malaysian edition), The Jakarta Post (Indonesia), and The Guardian (United Kingdom), reporting on the same story using Fairclough’s (1989, 1995) framework of Critical Discourse Analysis to determine the ideological meanings associated to the papers was conducted. The focus of the articles is the July 2009 announcement on the change in medium of instruction from English to Bahasa Malaysia for the teaching of Mathematics and Science in Malaysia. Even though the news agencies have access to the same information and / or facts, the analysed reports are ideologically different and shed a different light on the issue presented. The study reveals the complexity of our human communication system and it becomes visible that newspapers from different socio-cultural and political contexts interpret and report an ideologically contested issue in different ways and in so doing influence their readers’ thinking and opinion about the issue.
Vascular Reactivity in Heart Failure: Role of Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome, which is the result of systolic or diastolic ventricular dysfunction. During CHF, vascular tone is regulated by the interplay of neurohormonal mechanisms and endothelial-dependent factors and is characterized by both central and peripheral vasoconstriction as well as a resistance to nitric oxide (NO)–mediated vasodilatation. At the molecular level, vascular tone depends on the level of regulatory myosin light chain phosphorylation, which is determined by the relative activities of myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). The MLCP is a trimeric enzyme with a catalytic, a 20-kDa and a myosin targeting (MYPT1) subunit. Alternative splicing of a 3′ exon produces leucine zipper positive and negative (LZ+/−) MYPT1 isoforms. Expression of a LZ+ MYPT1 has been suggested to be required for NO-mediated smooth muscle relaxation. Thus, we hypothesized that the resistance to NO-mediated vasodilatation in CHF could be attributable to a change in the relative expression of LZ+/− MYPT1 isoforms. To test this hypothesis, left coronary artery ligation was used to induce CHF in rats, and both the dose response relationship of relaxation to 8-Br-cGMP in skinned smooth muscle and the relative expression of LZ+/− MYPT1 isoforms were determined. In control animals, the expression of the LZ+ MYPT1 isoform predominated in both the aorta and iliac artery. In CHF rats, LVEF was reduced to 30±5% and there was a significant decrease in both the sensitivity to 8-Br-cGMP and expression of the LZ+ MYPT1 isoform. These results indicate that CHF is associated with a decrease in the relative expression of the LZ+ MYPT1 isoform and the sensitivity to 8-Br-cGMP–mediated smooth muscle relaxation. The data suggest that the resistance to NO-mediated relaxation observed during CHF lies at least in part at the level of the smooth muscle and is a consequence of the decrease in the expression of the LZ+ MYPT1 isoform.
Location, location, and location: compartmentalization of Hedgehog signaling at primary cilia

Primary cilia are solitary, microtubule‐based organelles that serve as signaling hubs for the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which regulates embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. While protein localization studies have suggested that the dynamic trafficking of Hh components at cilia plays an important role, the molecular basis of Hh signal transduction at cilia is not well understood. In a recent study published in Nature Cell Biology (He et al, 2014), He and colleagues demonstrate that the kinesin KIF7, a conserved regulator of Hh signaling, limits ciliary length by acting at the plus‐ends of microtubules to both reduce growth rate and increase catastrophe frequency. They propose that this biochemical activity establishes a specialized compartment at the tip of the cilia where the activity the Gli family of Hh transcription factors is regulated.
Loss of Cardiac microRNA-Mediated Regulation Leads to Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure

Rationale: Heart failure is a deadly and devastating disease that places immense costs on an aging society. To develop therapies aimed at rescuing the failing heart, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte structure and function. Objective: microRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, and we sought to define the global contributions made by microRNAs toward maintaining cardiomyocyte integrity. Methods and Results: First, we performed deep sequencing analysis to catalog the miRNA population in the adult heart. Second, we genetically deleted, in cardiac myocytes, an essential component of the machinery that is required to generate miRNAs. Deep sequencing of miRNAs from the heart revealed the enrichment of a small number of microRNAs with one, miR-1, accounting for 40% of all microRNAs. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of dgcr8, a gene required for microRNA biogenesis, revealed a fully penetrant phenotype that begins with left ventricular malfunction progressing to a dilated cardiomyopathy and premature lethality. Conclusions: These observations reveal a critical role for microRNAs in maintaining cardiac function in mature cardiomyocytes and raise the possibility that only a handful of microRNAs may ultimately be responsible for the dramatic cardiac phenotype seen in the absence of dgcr8.
On-Line Identification of Winding Resistances and Load Torque in Induction Machines

Rotor and stator resistances along with load torque are typically uncertain quantities in induction machines. The machine heating makes the winding resistances vary during operation whereas the load torque strictly depends on the application. All those variables need to be on-line estimated to improve the drive performances and in particular to minimize the power loss at steady state. A new adaptive observer is designed in this brief. It is able to exponentially estimate the motor fluxes and to identify the aforementioned critical parameters from stator currents/voltages and rotor speed measurements. In contrast to other solutions proposed in the literature, rotor and stator resistances are not estimated on the same time scale. New insights on the behavior of an intuitively inspired observer are thus given through a detailed stability proof, which does not rely on linearization arguments around constant operating conditions. Persistency of excitation conditions, which only depend on exogenous signals to the estimation error system, are analyzed in detail and a clear physical interpretation is presented. Key features of the proposed solution are the overall simplicity of the estimation scheme, the low dimension of the regressor matrix (being exactly related to the number of unmeasured or uncertain quantities) and the exponential convergence to zero of the estimation errors. Simulations confirm the correctness of all the mathematical derivations. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in implementing an advanced version of the indirect field oriented control scheme: the uncertain rotor flux modulus reference that minimizes the power loss at steady state can be actually estimated and imposed.
Flight Capacity of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Adult Females Based on Flight Mill Studies and Flight Muscle Ultrastructure

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is considered a major economic threat in many regions worldwide. To better comprehend flight capacity of B. dorsalis and its physiological basis, a computer-monitored flight mill was used to study flight capacity of B. dorsalis adult females of various ages, and the changes of its flight muscle ultrastructures were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The flight capacity (both speed and distance) changed significantly with age of B. dorsalis female adults, peaking at about 15 d; the myofibril diameter of the flight muscle of test insects at 15-d old was the longest, up to 1.56 µm, the sarcomere length at 15-d old was the shortest, averaging at 1.37 µm, volume content of mitochondria of flight muscle at 15-d old reached the peak, it was 32.64%. This study provides the important scientific data for better revealing long-distance movement mechanism of B. dorsalis.
Towards a resilient shared memory concept for distributed persistent object systems

The abstraction of a centralized memory which has been successfully introduced in shared memory multiprocessors has also been adopted for Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) in loosely coupled, network-based distributed systems as an adequate paradigm to handle shared state. In this paper a concept for a resilient distributed shared memory is elaborated which takes advantage of an advanced action model. The action model guarantees consistency of data in the presence of concurrency and failures by structuring the system activities and supporting damage assessment and recovery. It is argued that the concurrency control mechanism of actions can be exploited to guarantee consistency among multiple copies of an object. Additionally, an integrated mechanism is provided to increase availability in the action system by replication. The paper analyses the consequences of combining replication with the action system. <<ETX>>
Prevention of Rotavirus Disease: Guidelines for Use of Rotavirus Vaccine

On February 3, 2006, a bovine-based pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, Merck & Co Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ) was licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in infants in the United States. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends routine immunization of infants with 3 doses of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine administered orally at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The first dose should be administered between 6 and 12 weeks of age; immunization should not be initiated for infants older than 12 weeks of age. Subsequent doses should be administered at 4- to 10-week intervals, and all 3 doses of vaccine should be administered by 32 weeks of age. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine can be coadministered with other childhood vaccines. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine is contraindicated for infants with a serious allergic reaction to any vaccine component or to a previous dose of vaccine.
Gene Expression Profiles in Mouse Liver after Long-Term Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation with Gamma Rays

Abstract Changes in gene expression profiles in mouse liver induced by long-term low-dose-rate &ggr; irradiation were examined by microarray analysis. Three groups of male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to whole-body radiation at dose rates of 17–20 mGy/day, 0.86–1.0 mGy/day or 0.042–0.050 mGy/day for 401–485 days with cumulative doses of approximately 8 Gy, 0.4 Gy or 0.02 Gy, respectively. The gene expression levels in the livers of six animals from each exposure group were compared individually with that of pooled sham-irradiated animals. Some genes revealed a large variation in expression levels among individuals within each group, and the number of genes showing common changes in individuals from each group was limited: 20 and 11 genes showed more than 1.5-fold modulation with 17–20 mGy/day and 0.86–1.0 mGy/day, respectively. Three genes showed more than 1.5-fold modulation even at the lowest dose-rate of 0.04–0.05 mGy/day. Most of these genes were down-regulated. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression profiles of the majority of these genes. The results indicate that a few genes are modulated in response to very low-dose-rate irradiation. The functional analysis suggests that these genes may influence many processes, including obesity and tumorigenesis.
Acquired Vitamin K Deficiency as Unusual Cause of Bleeding Tendency in Adults: A Case Report of a Nonhospitalized Student Presenting with Severe Menorrhagia

We report a rare case of acquired vitamin K deficiency presenting with severe menorrhagia and without any gynecological problem. Partial thromboplastin time (59.2 seconds) and prothrombin time (33.1 seconds, INR: 5.97) were considerably prolonged in laboratory evaluations. A complete coagulation factor assay test was performed for the patient: factor IX, 24%; factor II, 41%; factor VII, 3%; and factor X, 52%. She had been taking many high-energy drinks and she had inadequate dietary intake for the past 6 months. Given that she had vitamin K deficiency (VKD), a course of vitamin K therapy was started for her in the hospital. This case showed the potential for menorrhagia due to VKD with use of high-energy drinks and the value of a complete and detailed history in early diagnosis.
Hepatic n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Depletion Promotes Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Mice: Genomic Analysis of Cellular Targets

Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are characterised by a decreased n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in hepatic phospholipids. The metabolic consequences of n-3 PUFA depletion in the liver are poorly understood. We have reproduced a drastic drop in n-3 PUFA among hepatic phospholipids by feeding C57Bl/6J mice for 3 months with an n-3 PUFA depleted diet (DEF) versus a control diet (CT), which only differed in the PUFA content. DEF mice exhibited hepatic insulin resistance (assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp) and steatosis that was associated with a decrease in fatty acid oxidation and occurred despite a higher capacity for triglyceride secretion. Microarray and qPCR analysis of the liver tissue revealed higher expression of all the enzymes involved in lipogenesis in DEF mice compared to CT mice, as well as increased expression and activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). Our data suggest that the activation of the liver X receptor pathway is involved in the overexpression of SREBP-1c, and this phenomenon cannot be attributed to insulin or to endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA depletion in liver phospholipids leads to activation of SREBP-1c and lipogenesis, which contributes to hepatic steatosis.
The Effect of Ursolic Acid on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Is Related to Programed Cell Death and Presents Therapeutic Potential in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Among neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis is one of the most important ones, affecting more than 12 million people worldwide. The available treatments are not well tolerated, and present diverse side effects, justifying the search for new therapeutic compounds. In the present study, the activity of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) were assayed in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis (in vitro and in vivo). Promastigote forms of L. amazonensis were incubated with OA and UA for 24h, and effective concentration 50% (EC50) was estimated. Ultraestructural alterations in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes after UA treatment were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, and the possible mode of action was assayed through Annexin V and propidium iodide staining, caspase 3/7 activity, DNA fragmentation and transmembrane mitochondrial potential. The UA potential was evaluated in intracellular amastigotes, and its therapeutic potential was evaluated in L. amazonensis infected BALB/c mice. UA eliminated L. amazonensis promastigotes with an EC50 of 6.4 μg/mL, comparable with miltefosine, while OA presented only a marginal effect on promastigote forms at 100 μg/mL. The possible mechanism by which promastigotes were eliminated by UA was programmed cell death, independent of caspase 3/7, but it was highly dependent on mitochondria activity. UA was not toxic for peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice, and it was able to eliminate intracellular amastigotes, associated with nitric oxide (NO) production. OA did not eliminate amastigotes nor trigger NO. L. amazonensis infected BALB/c mice submitted to UA treatment presented lesser lesion size and parasitism compared to control. This study showed, for the first time, that UA eliminate promastigote forms through a mechanism associated with programed cell death, and importantly, was effective in vivo. Therefore, UA can be considered an interesting candidate for future tests as a prototype drug for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
A Bayesian Matrix Factorization Model for Relational Data

Relational learning can be used to augment one data source with other correlated sources of information, to improve predictive accuracy. We frame a large class of relational learning problems as matrix factorization problems, and propose a hierarchical Bayesian model. Training our Bayesian model using random-walk Metropolis-Hastings is impractically slow, and so we develop a block Metropolis-Hastings sampler which uses the gradient and Hessian of the likelihood to dynamically tune the proposal. We demonstrate that a predictive model of brain response to stimuli can be improved by augmenting it with side information about the stimuli.
Mefloquine to prevent malaria: a systematic review of trials

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the research evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of mefloquine chemoprophylaxis. Search strategy: Any potentially relevant trial from the Cochrane Infectious Disease Group's register of controlled trials; systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Lilacs and Science Citation Index; scanning citations; and consulting drug companies and key investigators. We considered studies in all languages. Inclusion criteria: Trials carried out in non-immune adult travellers, and in non-travelling volunteers, where an attempt had been made to conduct a randomised comparison of mefloquine against placebo or against alternative standard prophylaxis. Results: 37 potentially eligible trials of mefloquine prophylaxis were identified, and 10 met the inclusion criteria. These 10 trials comprised a total of 2750 non-immune adult participants randomised to mefloquine or to a control. One placebo controlled trial examined malaria incidence directly and showed mefloquine to be highly effective in preventing malaria in an area of drug resistance. However, four placebo controlled trials showed that mefloquine was not well tolerated, and withdrawals were consistently higher in mefloquine treatment arms than in placebo arms (odds ratio 3.49 (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 8.56)). Five field trials compared mefloquine with other chemoprophylaxis. Mefloquine was no worse tolerated than other chemoprophylaxis, although there was possibly a trend towards higher withdrawals in mefloquine arms (odds ratio 1.33 (0.75 to 2.36)). Conclusion: One trial showed mefloquine to be effective in preventing malaria, but withdrawal rates, presumably from side effects, were high across most studies. This is likely to impair mefloquine's effectiveness in general travellers, and it may therefore not be useful for routine prophylaxis. Mefloquine may be useful in specific situations such as for groups travelling to regions with a high risk of chloroquine resistant malaria and only limited access to effective medical care. Key messages We conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of mefloquine in malaria chemoprophylaxis and found 10 randomised controlled trials of the drug in non-immune adult participants In placebo controlled trials rates of withdrawal were significantly higher from mefloquine treatment, suggesting that the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis may be limited by low adherence Five field trials of mefloquine prophylaxis were conducted in non-immune participants, but all were young, fit soldiers, so that the findings of these field trials may not be generalisable to the normal population of general travellers National malaria prevention guidelines should be evidence based, and candidate antimalarial drugs should not be licensed for routine use in prophylaxis until field trials in general travellers of both sexes have confirmed the tolerability of the new regimen
Introduction to networking for integrated control systems

Integrated control system design, which requires interactions between the disciplines of communication systems and control systems, is introduced. An integrated control system has disparate and spatially distributed subsystems interconnected via a common communication channel. Digital data from sensor to controller and from controller to actuator are multiplexed along with traffic from other control loops and management functions. The asynchronous time-division multiplexing introduces time-varying and possibly stochastic delays in the control loops, degrading system dynamic performance. The analysis of delayed control systems is treated, covering the stochastic Lyapunov method approach, the D-partition method, and the method of steps. <<ETX>>
Identification of student comprehension using forehead wrinkles

Facial Expression plays a vital role in the identification of Emotions and comprehension level of the students in the virtual classrooms. Expressions that signal emotions include muscle movements such as raising the eyebrows, wrinkling the brow (the forehead or eyebrow), rolling the eyes or curling the lip. Here, we propose an efficient method for identifying the expressions of the students to recognize their comprehension from the facial expressions in static images containing the frontal view of the human face. Our goal is to categorize the facial expressions of the students in the given image into two basic emotional expression states - comprehensible, incomprehensible. One of the key action units in the face to expose expression is forehead. In this paper, Facial expressions are identified from the wrinkles of the forehead. Our method consists of three steps, Forehead detection, Wrinkle extraction and Emotion recognition. The proposed method is tested on the images from YALE and JAFFE Face databases.
GIMAP Proteins in T-Lymphocytes

(GIMAPs) GTPase of the immunity associated protein family are a novel protein family of putative small GTPases. GIMAPs are mainly expressed in the cells of the immune system and have been associated with immunological functions, such as thymocyte development, apoptosis of peripheral lymphocytes and T helper cell differentiation. GIMAPs have also been linked to immunological diseases, such as T cell lymphopenia, leukemia and autoimmune diseases. In this review we examine the role of GIMAP proteins in T-lymphocyte biology.