Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defining hydrochemical evolution of streamflow through flowpath dynamics in Kawakami headwater catchment, Central Japan

The hydrochemical behaviour of catchments is often investigated by inferring stream chemistry through identification of source areas involved in hydrograph separation analysis, yet its dynamic evolution of hydrologic pathways has received little attention. Intensive hydrometric and hydrochemical measurements were performed during two different storms on March 29, 2001 and August 21–22, 2001 to define hydrochemical evolution under the dynamic of flow pathways in a 5·2 ha first‐order drainage of the Kawakami experimental basin (KEB), Central Japan, a forested headwater catchment with various soil depths (1·8 to 5 m) overlying late Neogene of volcanic bedrocks. The hydraulic potential distribution and flow lines data showed that the change in flow direction, which was controlled by rainfall amount and antecedent wetness of the soil profile, agreed well with the hydrochemical change across the slope segment during the storm. Hydrograph separation predicted by end‐member mixing analysis (EMMA) using Ca2+ and SiO2 showed that near surface riparian, hillslope soil water and deep riparian groundwater were important in stream flow generation. The evidence of decrease in solutes concentration at a depth of 1 m in the hillslope and 0·6 m in the near surface riparian during peak storm suggested a flushing of high solutes concentration. Most of the solutes accumulated in the deep riparian groundwater zone, which was due to prominent downward flow and agreed well with the residence time. The distinct flow pathways and chemistry between the near surface riparian and deep riparian groundwater zones and the linkage hillslope aquifer and near surface riparian reservoir, which controls rapid flow and solutes flushing during the storm event, are in conflict with the typical assumption that the whole riparian zone resets flow pathways and chemical signature of hillslope soil water, as has been reported in a previous study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of State Asset Management Information System (Siman) With a Dual Factor Theory Approach

The Indonesian government is taking an innovative step by developing a state asset management information system (SIMAN) to help manage state assets more effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study is to investigate the enablers and inhibitors factors of the state asset management information system (SIMAN) usage with a dual factor theory approach. The independent variables used are perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as inhibitors, while problems of IT infrastructure and problems of human resource competency as inhibitors. The dependent variable used is the use of the state asset management information system (SIMAN). The population in this study were all state asset officers of work units in the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing. The sample selection technique used is convenience sampling. The data was analyzed using SEM-PLS in SmartPLS 3.29. The results showed, first, perceived usefulness has a positive effect on the use of the state asset management information system (SIMAN). Second, perceived ease of use has a positive effect on the state asset management information system (SIMAN). Third, problem of IT infrastructure has a negative effect on the use of the state asset management information system (SIMAN). Fourth, the problem of human resource competency has a negative effect on the use of the state asset management information system (SIMAN).
Insulin Resistance in Association with Metabolic Syndrome in Wasit University Students in Iraq

In Iraq 1.4 million of people have diabetes, the prevalence of T2DM was ranged (8.5%—13.9%), and the cluster of metabolic abnormalities has long been identified as the risk factors for type 2 diabetes and is now commonly described as metabolic syndrome/MetS. Insulin resistance takes a key role in the process of the MetS and has even been hypothesized as its underlying cause. Clinical and epidemiologic studies also indicate that obesity and life style habit might be correlated with IR. This study examined the relationship between IR and MetS in a sample of young, healthy university students in Iraq. It discovered that the severity of IR is positively correlated with the clustering of MetS risk factors in Iraqi students, suggesting that the IR index could be used as a diagnostic tool to identify the young adult who is at higher risk of developing IR and help prevent metabolic disorders that may develop secondary to IR. Insulin resistance was highly correlated with dietary product use, high BMI, and physical inactivity, investigating the IR in an early stage is crucial for trying to stop the disease progression into chronic disease.
The production of meaning in outdoor recreation: A study of Norwegian practice

Outdoor recreation policy and management have largely been occupied by questions related to use patterns: who participates in which activities, where and when? However, it is commonly held that ideas and practices mutually influence each other. In outdoor recreation, it could be expected that the observable use patterns are influenced by the meaning recreationists ascribe to their activities. In this study 14 narratives of outdoor recreation practices are analyzed, in order to broaden the traditional understanding of the meaning of outdoor recreation.
Unique Properties of Nutrient Channels on Plasmodium-Infected Erythrocytes

Intracellular malaria parasites activate an ion and organic solute channel on their host erythrocyte membrane to acquire a broad range of essential nutrients. This plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC) facilitates the uptake of sugars, amino acids, purines, some vitamins, and organic cations, but remarkably, it must exclude the small Na+ ion to preserve infected erythrocyte osmotic stability in plasma. Although molecular, biochemical, and structural studies have provided fundamental mechanistic insights about PSAC and advanced potent inhibitors as exciting antimalarial leads, important questions remain about how nutrients and ions are transported. Here, I review PSAC’s unusual selectivity and conductance properties, which should guide future research into this important microbial ion channel.
Solar influence on the tropical stratosphere and troposphere in the northern summer

Solar influence on the tropical stratosphere and troposphere in northern summer is studied by using reanalysis data from 1958 to 2004. Temperature tendency and vertical velocities are investigated to demonstrate an importance of the development of solar signal from June to August. The use of the temperature tendency reduced a problem due to the change of the observation system, and made possible to revealed a clear relationship between the stratospheric meridional circulation and the Indian ocean monsoon circulation in the troposphere through four solar cycles.
Evaluation of multichannel sea surface temperature product quality for climate monitoring: 1982–1988

Satellite-derived multichannel sea surface temperature (MCSST) data are evaluated for the period 1982–1988 relative to in situ data from the comprehensive ocean-atmosphere data set (COADS). A number of statistical methods are used to assess the quality of the MCSST data. Temporal anomaly cross correlations are significant at the 95% confidence level for all basins and subregions examined, except for the North Atlantic Ocean. Biases in the MCSST product, caused by volcanic aerosols and by use of the wrong satellite calibration tables, cause problems in the utility of the MCSST data for climate monitoring. Signal-to-noise variance ratios range from 0.49 in the North Atlantic Ocean to above 4 in the equatorial Pacific. Mean differences between MCSST and COADS show that the MCSST values are lower than COADS by 0.19° to 0.64°C. The mean differences are found to have an annual cycle that varies with latitude and season. The mean MCSST standard deviations are always lower than those of COADS (except again for the North Atlantic Ocean), ranging from 0.03° to 0.45°C. Accurate monitoring of SST variability in the southern oceans is not possible without the use of satellite data. Because of the stringent accuracy requirements of SST data for climate monitoring, however, the utility of MCSST data alone for this purpose is only marginal.
Sustainable Development And Brazilian States:Comparison Using The Sustainability Barometer

The present study proposes to conduct a performance comparison of the 26 Brazilian states in relation to sustainable development using the State Sustainability Barometer (SSB) methodology. The Sustainability Barometer (SB) consists of a combination and graphical representation of a large number of indicators in two dimensions, namely, ecological well-being (EWB) and human well-being (HWB). This method aims to analyse the interaction patterns between people and the environment. In this sense, the 28 selected indicators are substantiated in the expansion of human freedom and the ability to support the ecosystem. Social indicators are represented by sub-dimensions related to demographics, education, economics, social justice, health, and safety, whereas ecological indicators are represented by sub-dimensions concerning health, environmental health, vegetation cover, soil pollution, and institutions. All of the indicators are published periodically by the Brazilian government in official documents. Results demonstrate that the Brazilian state with the best performance in sustainable development is Rio Grande do Sul (71.50 HWB; 67.43 EWB), followed by Santa Catarina (71.83 HWB; 66.42 EWB), and Parana (66.26 HWB; 61.44 EWB). The state with the worst performance is Alagoas (30.34 HWB; 36.52 EWB), followed by Maranhao (35.93 HWB; 47.79 EWB), and Rondonia (50.46 HWB; 36.1 EWB). Hence, Southern Region states have a good performance in sustainable development, leveraged mainly by the quality of life indicators related to the population. Northeast Region states show a poor performance in the HWB and EWB indicators.
Lower Jaw of the Early Paleocene Mammal Alveugena and its Interpretation as a Transitional Fossil

Abstract The Paleogene Order Taeniodonta Cope, 1876—peculiar heavy-bodied mammals, some with ever-growing cheek teeth—are grouped with the Late Cretaceous eutherian Cimolestes Marsh, 1889, along with a host of other taxa in a superordinal group, the Cimolesta. Taeniodonts were thought to have arisen from Cimolestes indirectly, through Paleocene Procerberus Sloan and Van Valen, 1965. The recently described Paleocene Alveugena Eberle, 1999, until now known only from the upper dentition, has been put forth as a transitional form between cimolestids and taeniodonts on phylogenetic and biostratigraphic grounds. An older taeniodont, the Late Cretaceous Schowalteria Fox and Naylor, 2003, has since been described, complicating taeniodont origins. We describe here a lower jaw that we refer to Alveugena from the lower part of the Ludlow Member of the Fort Union Formation in North Dakota. The lower jaw comes from strata of early Early Paleocene age (Puercan 1 North American Land Mammal Age) ~8.5 m above a Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, identified using palynological criteria. A cladistic analysis is here presented using new data on Schowalteria and Alveugena, added to that of Cimolestes, Procerberus formicarum Sloan and Van Valen, 1965, P. grandis Middleton and Dewar, 2004, and Onychodectes. This analysis revealed Alveugena as the sister taxon of the taeniodonts but with a closer relationship to Cimolestes than Procerberus, suggesting that taeniodonts evolved from a Cimolestes-like ancestor. We discuss the age relations of early taeniodonts and related taxa and propose a scenario of ancestor-descendent relations that minimizes, but does not eliminate, implied stratigraphic gaps.
Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Cognition Inventory (PTCI) within a Northern Ireland adolescent sample

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Psychometric Properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist among the Lebanese Population Exposed to the Beirut Explosion: A Cross-Sectional Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective This study was aimed at testing the psychometric properties of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for the Diagnostic Statistical Manual version 5 (DSM-5) (PCL-5) among the Lebanese population and at identifying the prevalence of PTSD. Design A cross-sectional survey of PCL-5 among 950 Lebanese, using the online survey platform by Google Form, was conducted. Snowball recruitment was used to identify participants for the survey. Results Face, content, construct, discriminant, and convergent validity had been accomplished through the survey. The reliability using Cronbach's alpha, composite, and average variance extracted was identified as superior. We also found that more than half of the participants (55.6%) scored 33 or above which is the cut-off score for a likely diagnosis of PTSD. Conclusion The current study provides further support for the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of PCL-5 among non-Western populations. This supports using the checklist in the screening of probable PTSD.
The earthquake prediction experiment at Parkfield, California

Since 1985, a focused earthquake prediction experiment has been in progress along the San Andreas fault near the town of Parkfield in central California. Parkfield has experienced six moderate earthquakes since 1857 at average intervals of 22 years, the most recent a magnitude 6 event in 1966. The probability of another moderate earthquake soon appears high, but studies assigning it a 95% chance of occurring before 1993 now appear to have been over-simplified. The identification of a Parkfield fault “segment” was initially based on geometric features in the surface trace of the San Andreas fault, but more recent microearthquake studies have demonstrated that those features do not extend to seismogenic depths. On the other hand, geodetic measurements are consistent with the existence of a “locked” patch on the fault beneath Parkfield that has presently accumulated a slip deficit equal to the slip in the 1966 earthquake. A magnitude 4.7 earthquake in October 1992 brought the Parkfield experiment to its highest level of alert, with a 72-hour public warning that there was a 37% chance of a magnitude 6 event. However, this warning proved to be a false alarm. Most data collected at Parkfield indicate that strain is accumulating at a constant rate on this part of the San Andreas fault, but some interesting departures from this behavior have been recorded. Here we outline the scientific arguments bearing on when the next Parkfield earthquake is likely to occur and summarize geophysical observations to date.
An application of multiscale early arrival waveform inversion to shallow seismic data

We estimate the near surface velocity distribution by applying multiscale early arrival waveform inversion (MEWI) to shallow seismic land data. This data set is collected at Wadi Qudaid in western Saudi Arabia with the purpose of characterizing the shallow subsurface for its water storage and reuse potential. To enhance the accuracy of MEWI, we correct for the attenuation effects with an estimated factor Q, and also extract a natural source wavelet from the data. We then applied MEWI to invert the processed data for tomograms on different scales starting from a traveltime tomogram as our initial velocity model. Results suggest that, compared to traveltime tomography, MEWI can generate a more highly resolved velocity tomogram from shallow seismic data by inverting its low-frequency components on coarse grids and its high-frequency components on fine grids. The estimated water table in the MEWI tomogram is generally consistent with, but 9% deeper than, the traveltime tomogram, showing that the water storage in this wadi might be less than expected from the traveltime tomogram. We believe that the more accurate MEWI tomogram will make an economically important difference in assessing the storage potential of this wadi and wadis throughout the world.
How do search systems impact systematic searching? A qualitative study

Objective: Systematic reviews and other evidence synthesis projects require systematic search methods. Search systems require several essential attributes to support systematic searching; however, many systems used in evidence synthesis fail to meet one or more of these requirements. I undertook a qualitative study to examine the effects of these limitations on systematic searching and how searchers select information sources for evidence synthesis projects. Methods: Qualitative data were collected from interviews with twelve systematic searchers. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: I used thematic analysis to identify two key themes relating to search systems: systems shape search processes, and systematic searching occurs within the information market. Many systems required for systematic reviews, in particular sources of unpublished studies, are not designed for systematic searching. Participants described various workarounds for the limitations they encounter in these systems. Economic factors influence searchers' selection of sources to search, as well as the degree to which vendors prioritize these users. Conclusion: Interviews with systematic searchers suggest priorities for improving search systems, and barriers to improvement that must be overcome. Vendors must understand the unique requirements of systematic searching and recognize systematic searchers as a distinct group of users. Better interfaces and improved functionality will result in more efficient evidence synthesis.
Evaluation of clear sky solar irradiance algorithms at high latitudes

Several clear sky parameterizations for estimation of solar irradiance at the surface is tested against observations performed at Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen. The testing has been performed within the framework of the Ocean and Sea Ice SAF. Results show that the best results are achieved using the parameterization named Staylor, but that the McMaster model also may be used.
A Large-Scale Energy Efficient Time-Domain Pilot Muting Mechanism for Non-Stationary Channels: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

To address rapid fluctuations in non-stationary channel environments, adaptive pilot patterns are commonly used. However, frequent pilot pattern changes require an interactive mechanism for terminal communication. In this letter, we introduce a time-domain pilot muting mechanism (TDPMM) based on the densest pilot pattern, combined with power optimization using deep reinforcement learning. This approach aims to mitigate issues associated with frequent pilot pattern adjustments in non-stationary channel fading environments. We first formulate an energy efficiency (EE) optimization model that balances normalized mean square error (NMSE) and energy consumption (EC) for large-scale continuous resource blocks (RBs) using TDPMM. Then, we propose a deep Q-network (DQN) based learning strategy tailored to optimize TDPMM selection and the power ratio between pilot and data signals. Simulation experiments confirm the superior EE performance of the proposed TDPMM. Furthermore, our DQN-based approach demonstrates lower complexity and only slightly inferior performance compared to the exhaustive search strategy.
The impact of ESG ratings on the market performance of commodity stock sector before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Motivation: The growing importance of ESG in the international economy makes the analysed issues extremely interesting. More and more studies show the growing role of ESG performance on company financial and market results as well as analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial market. The study of rate of return and the relationship between the largest company companies in European Union Member States is of key importance considering the investment portfolio risk.Aim: The main aim of the article is impact assessment of ESG performance of the firm (proxied by ESG scoring by Refinitiv) on the rate of return of commodity sector companies listed on financial markets of European Union Member States. The second goal of the paper is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate of return of the analysed companies. The third and final goal is to assess the impact of sector leader status on the rate of return of these companies (i.e. KGHM, PKN Orlen, Royal Dutch Shell and Rio Tinto). Results: ESG disclosure by the surveyed companies and ESG scoring had negative impact on the rate of return, while E, S and G scorings did not affect rate of return at all. Sector leaders were less negatively impacted by the COVID-19 economic crisis than the rest of the sector, however sector leadership status was not statistically significant. COVID-19 pandemic positively influenced the rate of return of analysed companies. In case of commodities stock companies, the economic crisis caused by the pandemic brought about higher levels of uncertainty in the financial markets.
Effects of the transition zone above a water table on the reflection of GPR waves

We simulate two levels of water table (at 72 and 48 cm depth) by injecting water in a sand box that also contains several buried objects. GPR profiles acquired with a 1200 MHz antenna at the top of the sand box do not show any clear reflections from the water table. This is because of the existence of a ‘transition zone’ in which the velocity is a continuously decreasing function of depth. The reflection coefficient in this case decreases with increasing frequency and even vanishes for a cut‐off frequency f0 which itself increases with decreasing transition zone thickness. By modeling in the frequency domain, we explain the absence of the high‐frequency GPR reflections from the top of the saturated zone. When the wavelength is small (high frequency) compared to the thickness of the transition layer, the reflection coefficient is negligible and hence no reflections from the water table will be observed.
Plow-Zone Experiments in Calabria, Italy

Abstract The experiments reported here were carried out in the Acconia area of southern Italy between 1977 and 1983. They represent the first long-term study of the effects of plowing on material seen on the surface of a site. A series of observations was made at a site over a period of six years in order to monitor the dynamics of patterns of surface material placed at the site by the researchers. The specific questions examined include the ratio of surface to plow-zone material and the extent of lateral displacement of material resulting from plowing. The results of the experiments support the proposition that the site surface operates in effect as a sampling process with respect to material circulating in the plow-zone. They also show how local factors at a site, such as slope, can affect patterns of lateral displacement. A prime feature of the experimental design is its economy in terms of the work effort that it requires in the field. This means that plow-zone experiments of this kind can readily be .