Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Language of Sexual Misconduct Cases

1. Introduction 2. A brief overview of sexual misconduct law and prosecution Section I Sexual misconduct in the workplace 3. Fighting off a quid pro quo proposition 4. A patient confuses her doctor 5. The sheriff who didn't know what hit him 6. Even senators get in trouble sometimes Section II Sexual misconduct of an adult with a child 7. One nightmare leads to another 8. Big trouble at a birthday party 9. Remembering sexual misconduct 10. On climbing into the wrong bed Section III Sexual misconduct of an adult with another adult 11. A dinner date that went very wrong 12. Unintended but still wanted sex 13. A prostitution sting operation Section IV Prosecution and defense tools 14. Prosecutorial problems in gathering and analyzing evidence 15. Using linguistic tools in sexual misconduct cases References
Hierarchical linear discounting class N-gram language models: A multilevel class hierarchy approach

We introduce in this paper a hierarchical linear discounting class n-gram language modeling technique that has the advantage of combining several language models, trained at different nodes in a class hierarchy. The approach hierarchically clusters the word vocabulary into a word-tree. The closer a tree node is to the leaves, the more specific the corresponding word class is. The tree is used to balance generalization ability and word specificity when estimating the likelihood of an n-gram event. Experiments are conducted on Wall Street Journal corpus using a vocabulary of 20,000 words. Results show a reduction on the test perplexity over the standard n-gram approaches by 10%. We also report considerable improvement in the accuracy of the speech recognition task.
Poles Apart: Arctic and Antarctic Octadecabacter strains Share High Genome Plasticity and a New Type of Xanthorhodopsin

The genus Octadecabacter is a member of the ubiquitous marine Roseobacter clade. The two described species of this genus, Octadecabacter arcticus and Octadecabacter antarcticus, are psychrophilic and display a bipolar distribution. Here we provide the manually annotated and finished genome sequences of the type strains O. arcticus 238 and O. antarcticus 307, isolated from sea ice of the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively. Both genomes exhibit a high genome plasticity caused by an unusually high density and diversity of transposable elements. This could explain the discrepancy between the low genome synteny and high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between both strains. Numerous characteristic features were identified in the Octadecabacter genomes, which show indications of horizontal gene transfer and may represent specific adaptations to the habitats of the strains. These include a gene cluster encoding the synthesis and degradation of cyanophycin in O. arcticus 238, which is absent in O. antarcticus 307 and unique among the Roseobacter clade. Furthermore, genes representing a new subgroup of xanthorhodopsins as an adaptation to icy environments are present in both Octadecabacter strains. This new xanthorhodopsin subgroup differs from the previously characterized xanthorhodopsins of Salinibacter ruber and Gloeobacter violaceus in phylogeny, biogeography and the potential to bind 4-keto-carotenoids. Biochemical characterization of the Octadecabacter xanthorhodopsins revealed that they function as light-driven proton pumps.
Axions and the strong CP problem in M theory

We examine the possibility that the strong $\mathrm{CP}$ problem is solved by string-theoretic axions in the strong-coupling limit of the ${\mathrm{E}}_{8}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{E}}_{8}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ heterotic string theory $(M$ theory). We first discuss some generic features of gauge kinetic functions in compactified $M$ theory, and examine in detail the axion potential induced by the explicit breakings other than the QCD anomaly of the nonlinear $\mathrm{U}{(1)}_{\mathrm{PQ}}$ symmetries of string-theoretic axions. It is argued based on supersymmetry and discrete gauge symmetries that if the compactification radius is large enough, there can be a $\mathrm{U}{(1)}_{\mathrm{PQ}}$ symmetry whose breaking other than the QCD anomaly, whatever its microscopic origin is, is suppressed enough for the axion mechanism to work. Phenomenological viability of such a large radius crucially depends upon the quantized coefficients in gauge kinetic functions. We note that the large radius required for the axion mechanism is viable only in a limited class of models. For instance, for compactifications on a smooth Calabi-Yau manifold with a vanishing ${\mathrm{E}}_{8}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ field strength, it is viable only when the quantized flux of the antisymmetric tensor field in $M$ theory has a minimal nonzero value. It is also stressed that this large compactification radius allows the QCD axion in $M$ theory to be cosmologically viable in the presence of a late time entropy production.
Improving Performance of Large Physically Indexed Caches by Decoupling Memory Addresses from Cache Addresses

Modern CPUs often use large physically indexed caches that are direct-mapped or have low associativities. Such caches do not interact well with virtual memory systems. An improperly placed physical page will end up in a wrong place in the cache, causing excessive conflicts with other cached pages. Page coloring has been proposed to reduce the conflict misses by carefully placing pages in the physical memory. While page coloring works well for some applications, many factors limit its performance. Page coloring limits the freedom of the page placement system and may increase swapping traffic. In this paper, we propose a novel and simple architecture, called color-indexed, physically tagged caches, which can significantly reduce the conflict misses. With some simple modifications to the TLB (translation look-aside buffer), the new architecture decouples the addresses of the cache from the addresses of the main memory. Since the cache addresses do not depend on the the physical memory addresses anymore, the system can freely place data in any cache page to minimize the conflict misses, without affecting the paging system. Extensive trace-driven simulation results show that our design performs much better than traditional page coloring techniques. The new scheme enables a direct-mapped cache to achieve hit ratios very close to or better than those of a two-way set associative cache. Moreover, the architecture does not increase cache access latency, which is a drawback of set associative caches. The hardware overhead is minimal. We show that our scheme can reduce the cache size by 50 percent without sacrificing performance. A two-way set associative cache that uses this strategy can perform very close to a fully associative cache.
Reactivation of an Archean craton: Constraints from P‐ and S‐wave tomography in North China

The unusual reactivation of the North China Craton (NCC) challenges the classical views concerning the strength and stability of cratonic lithosphere. By using teleseismic body‐waves recorded at 250 seismic stations, this paper presents high‐resolution North China Models of P‐ and S‐wave velocity based on finite‐frequency kernel tomography. Both P‐ and S‐wave velocity models reveal that: (1) an obvious N–S trending narrow low‐velocity region is located at the base of the lithosphere beneath the Central Block (CB) of the NCC, which extends to more than 500 km depth; (2) a region of high‐velocity extends to more than 250–300 km depth beneath the Western Block, in contrast to the much shallower high‐velocity zones beneath the CB and shallower high‐velocities beneath the Eastern Block. These features suggest that warm mantle material with a source at least as deep as the transition zone, possibly a mantle plume, may be responsible for the reactivation of the NCC. The Central Block may have behaved as a sublithospheric corridor for the warm mantle material due to its pre‐existing weakness.
A GRASP-based heuristic for allocating the roadside infrastructure maximizing the number of distinct vehicles experiencing contact opportunities

In this work the allocation of Roadside Units (RSUs) in a V2I network is modeled as a Maximum Coverage Problem. The main objective is to maximize the number of distinct vehicles contacting the infrastructure. Two different approaches are presented to solve the problem. The first one is an ILP model that can found optimal solutions or give sharp upper and lower bounds for the problem. The second one is a GRASP-based heuristic that can found close-to-optimal solutions. The GRASP-based heuristic is compared with a previous work achieving better results. Furthermore, a new metric to measure the efficiency of a Deployment strategy is presented.
On some recent results of cellular controlled short-range communications

From capacity point of view, we show that cellular controlled short-range communication (CCSRC) systems can provide a significant gain over state-of-the-art cellular systems. In order to obtain such a gain and reduce the resultant complexity of communication link selection, a simple distance-based (DB) access criterion is proposed. Simulation results show that such a criterion is near optimal.
FPGAs implementation of digital electronic circuit to pattern classification of Knee instability

This article describes the implementation of custom DSP based on Artificial Neuronal Networks intended for the classification of joint ligament patterns. The system forms part a research project of the study of the knee movement. The system analyzes signals from deformation sensors, previously placed in the surfaces of the knee ligaments. This system of measurement allows one to evaluate the state of the relative position of the joint during the movement of the leg. The signals are processed by a system of classification based on a system of neuronal networks of Self-Organizing Maps that determine the state of stability or instability of the joint. The objective of this project is to implement circuits that in the future will help in the investigation, diagnosis and rehabilitation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries.
Matching Color Images : The Impact of Axial Chromatic Aberration

We show how to compute and to use the wavelength-dependent optical transfer function (OTF) to create color matches between spatially patterned images. We model the human OTF as a defocused optical system with a circular aperture. In our model, the defocus arises from axial chromatic aberration and wavelength-independent aberrations. From the computed OTF, it is apparent that high spatial-frequency components of the image can play little role in contrast and color appearance, and that in the spatial-frequency range from 5-20 cpd, the visual system is dichromatic because there is no contrast in the short-wavelength receptor signal. We show how to use the wavelength-dependent OTF to match color images across displays by setting matches in corresponding spatial-frequency bands. Because chromatic aberration so affects the OTF, this new procedure is a significant improvement over the conventional procedure of setting matches point by point.
Thread-based vs event-based implementation of a group communication service

We evaluate two techniques to implement concurrent events in a group communication service. This evaluation is based on a comparison of the performance measured from two different implementations of a group communication service, and our experience in using the two techniques to implement group communication services in the past. Our conclusion is that an event-based implementation is preferable to a thread-based implementation of a group communication service.
Economic Influences on Persistence Reconsidered

F inancial assistance to college students increased from a meager $557 million in 1963-1964 (Lewis 1989) to a phenomenal $55.7 billion in 1996-1997 ("Average Cost of Tuition" 1997). Because of the enormity of this investment it is not surprising that a single policy question-How do prices and student subsidies influence the ability of students to persist? -has motivated much of the research on the economic aspects of persistence over three decades (St. John 1994). The economic studies examine how financial assistance equalized opportunities to persist in college for those students in need of financial support (St. John et al. 1994; Andrieu and St. John 1993; Astin 1975; Terkla 1985). However, because financial aid is not the only reason students persist in college (e.g., Stampen and Cabrera 1986, 1988), recently researchers have developed more complete models that seek to explain how finances interact with other factors that influence college persistence (e.g., Cabrera, Nora, and Castaneda 1993; St. John, Paulsen, and Starkey 1996). This recent line of inquiry can inform efforts to build a more complete understanding of the departure puzzle. In this chapter we first examine the evolution of economic models and then explore ways of integrating the logic of the new economic models into mainstream persistence research. We summarize by articulating a set of challenges facing persistence researchers.
Stress Effects on Mood, HPA Axis, and Autonomic Response: Comparison of Three Psychosocial Stress Paradigms

Extensive experimental psychology research has attempted to parse the complex relationship between psychosocial stress, mood, cognitive performance, and physiological changes. To do so, it is necessary to have effective, validated methods to experimentally induce psychosocial stress. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is the most commonly used method of experimentally inducing psychosocial stress, but it is resource intensive. Less resource intense psychosocial stress tasks include the Socially Evaluative Cold Pressor Task (SECPT) and a computerized mental arithmetic task (MAT). These tasks effectively produce a physiological and psychological stress response and have the benefits of requiring fewer experimenters and affording data collection from multiple participants simultaneously. The objective of this study was to compare the magnitude and duration of these three experimental psychosocial stress induction paradigms. On each of four separate days, participants completed either a control non-stressful task or one of the three experimental stressors: the TSST, SECPT, or MAT. We measured mood, working memory performance, salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase (AA), and heart rate. The TSST and SECPT exerted the most robust effects on mood and physiological measures. TSST effects were generally evident immediately post-stress as well as 10- and 20-minutes after stress cessation, whereas SECPT effects were generally limited to the duration of the stressor. The stress duration is a key determinant when planning a study that utilizes an experimental stressor, as researchers may be interested in collecting dependent measures prior to stress cessation. In this way, the TSST would allow the investigator a longer window to administer tasks of interest.
Separate effects of surface roughness, wettability, and porosity on the boiling critical heat flux

The separate effects of surface wettability, porosity, and roughness on the critical heat flux (CHF) of water were examined using engineered surfaces. Values explored were 0, 5, 10, and 15 μm for Rz (roughness), 110° for static contact angle (wettability), and 0 and 50% for pore volume fraction. The porous hydrophilic surface enhanced CHF by 50%–60%, while the porous hydrophobic surface resulted in a reduction of CHF by 97%. Wettability had little effect on the smooth non-porous surface CHF. Surface roughness (Ra, Rq, Rz) had no effect on CHF within the limit of this database.
FPGA implementation of a flexible synchronizer for cognitive radio applications

This paper presents a flexible timing synchronization scheme implemented on an Altera Stratix-V Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. The core content of the synchronizer is based on a reconfigurable Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter which performs as a multicorrelator on demand. In concept of flexibility, the synchronizer is able to reconfigure its FIR filter block with Partial Reconfiguration (PR) feature, while the rest of the design is operating. Different synchronization architectures have been evaluated for the design, including MultiplierLess(ML)-based multicorrelator as well as Transposed, Sequential, Parallel and Pipelined-Parallel direct form FIR filters. All the developed architectures are compared to each other in terms of power consumption, chip area, maximum frequency. Synthesis results show that the ML-based multicorrelator achieves 93% better performance in terms of dynamic thermal power dissipation. The ML algorithm also decreases the logic utilization down to 1% of the chip area while the MAC-based architectures utilize almost 7% of the device.
QRFXFreeze: Queryable Compressor for RFX

The verbose nature of XML has been mulled over again and again and many compression techniques for XML data have been excogitated over the years. Some of the techniques incorporate support for querying the XML database in its compressed format while others have to be decompressed before they can be queried. XML compression in which querying is directly supported instantaneously with no compromise over time is forced to compromise over space. In this paper, we propose the compressor, QRFXFreeze, which not only reduces the space of storage but also supports efficient querying. The compressor does this without decompressing the compressed XML file. The compressor supports all kinds of XML documents along with insert, update, and delete operations. The forte of QRFXFreeze is that the textual data are semantically compressed and are indexed to reduce the querying time. Experimental results show that the proposed compressor performs much better than other well-known compressors.
Parting with "Blue Monday" – Preferences in Home Production and Consumer Responses to Innovations

How can economic theory explain the reasons why consumers adopt innovations? Using the example of innovations in washing machines two approaches are compared. The first focuses in the manner of household production theory on changes in constraints without specifying preferences, leading to the well-known time substitution hypothesis. The second approach develops specific hypotheses about consumer preferences and focuses on how technical change accounts for them. The two approaches are empirically evaluated with a data set representing the motives suggested in washer advertisements for purchasing new vintages of machines over the period 1888 to 1989 in the U.S.
Institute for Mathematical Physics Product Vacua with Boundary States and the Classification of Gapped Phases Product Vacua with Boundary States and the Classification of Gapped Phases

We address the question of the classification of gapped ground states in one dimension that cannot be distinguished by a local order parameter. We introduce a family of quantum spin systems on the one-dimensional chain that have a unique gapped ground state in the thermody-namic limit that is a simple product state but which on the left and right half-infinite chains, have additional zero energy edge states. The models, which we call Product Vacua with Boundary States (PVBS), form phases that depend only on two integers corresponding to the number of edge states at each boundary. They can serve as representatives of equivalence classes of such gapped ground states phases and we show how the AKLT model and its SO(2J + 1)-invariant generalizations fit into this classification.
Update of Sepsis: Recent Evidences about Early Goal Directed Therapy

Severe sepsis and septic shock is a life-threatening disease. It is combined with multi-organ failure. In the past decade, early goal directed therapy has been proposed as an effective treatment strategy for better outcome. Recent epidemiologic studies showed that the outcome of sepsis has been improved with the introduction of early goal directed therapy. However, it is unclear which elements of early goal directed therapy contributed to the better outcome. Recent prospective and randomized trials suggested that some elements of early goal directed therapy did not have any effect on the outcome benefit. In this paper, recent articles about early goal directed therapy will be reviewed and the effectiveness of individual elements of early goal directed therapy will be discussed.
¿Las políticas de bienestar social producen efectos en la rentabilidad de las empresas? Análisis comparativo de las empresas europeas

Purpose : The aim of this paper is to study and analyze the public well being policies and its repercussions in the efficacy and efficiency of the companies that give services to dependant people (CNAE 87 and 88 Codes). Design/methodology/approach: For the making of the present study several companies which gives services in countries with different patterns when applying public well being policies have been compared. These countries have been Spain, Germany, UK and Netherlands. The data has been obtained through AMADEUS. The period of the study has been 2008-2012. The variables used are the operating margin (OMR) rate and the rotation assets rate (RAT). Findings and Originality/value: From the results obtained we have not been able to establish a significant statistic relationship between Companies behaviour and public well being policies. Originality/value: Up to date few extracts have been done, in Spain, about the financial behaviour of the companies which give services to the elderly. The business development entails an economic growth which balances with the cost inherent in the elderly population.
Adjoint recovery of superconvergent functionals from approximate solutions of partial differential equations

Motivated by applications in computational fluid dynamics, we present a method for obtaining estimates of integral functionals, such as lift or drag, that have twice the order of accuracy of the computed flow solution on which they are based. This is achieved through error analysis which uses an adjoint p.d. e. to relate the local errors in approximating the flow solution to the corresponding global errors in the functional of interest. Numerical evaluation of the local residual error together with an approximation solution to the adjoint equations may thus be combined to produce a correction for the computed functional value that yields twice the order of accuracy. Numerical results are presented for the Poisson equation in one and two dimensions, and the nonlinear quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations. The superconvergence in these cases is as predicted by the a priori error analysis presented in the appendix. The theory is equally applicable to nonlinear equations in complex domains in multiple dimensions, and the technique has great potential for application in a range of engineering disciplines in which a few integral quantities are a key output of numerical approximations.