Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
People using the Software

Engineering Institute’s Capability Maturity Model for Software® (CMM®) often struggle with the apparent paradigm shift as they transition from levels 2 and 3 to levels 4 and 5. At levels 1 and 2, the measures are primarily status measures (for example, actual values vs. planned values). At level 3 defect measures are added. Then at level 4 there is a drastic change in measurement terminology, using terms such as “process capability baselines” and “process performance baselines. ” People often interpret this terminology change to mean that a paradigm shift in the measurement process is needed in moving to level 4. There is confusion about how to make this transition without losing momentum. In this article the authors describe how the change in measurement approach across the CMM levels can be a natural evolution. At each successive level, the measurement practices should build on the previous levels and evolve to support the maturation of the processes. At each level, project and organizational measures from the previous levels should be refined and augmented, not replaced. The level 4 concepts of process capability baselines and process performance baselines provide a useful lens through which one can view the measurement practices at all levels. These measurement views, in turn, provide additional insight into the process improvements associated with each level.
An initialization method for monocular visual localization of miniature aerial robots

This paper proposes a method to initiate the pose of an aerial robot from a glimpse of a monocular view during the rapid take-off. Unlike the existing filter-based methods that failed to estimate pose due to insufficient baseline, this paper utilizes a unified projective parametrization and a progressively suppressed refinement scheme for the non-planar homography estimations to tackle the baseline initialization problem, which has been notoriously and persistently encountered in the field of aerial robotics. Without pruning the elliptical uncertainty spheres iteratively in a filter-based framework as in the existing methods, the proposed method associates the unknown scene points and the pose of the agile aerial robot in a unified projective parametrization, and leverages a hypothesis-and-verify scheme to facilitate the decompositions of the non-planar homographies in line with a series of essential matrices. Moreover, a progressively suppressed strategy is introduced to minimize the hypothetic errors in the homographies and to minimize estimation divergence. Therefore, even with only a glance through a single camera onboard an aerial robot, a referable poses of the aerial robot can be initiated for the immediate navigation. In addition, the empirical results demonstrates that this method not only yields a consistent and referable estimation of the 6DoF pose of the robot in parallel with the agile movement of take-off, but also withstands the loop-closure evaluation in the 3D space.
A Leader-Follower Relation between a Human and an Agent

The purpose of this work is to investigate which of an agent's properties determines leader-follower relationships in cooperative tasks performed by a human and an agent (a computer). The possible factors of an agent are intelligence, obstinance, and appearance. In this paper, we focused on intelligence and obstinance and conducted a psychological experiment using a mark matching game with a declaration phase, which enables us to observe who becomes the leader in a cooperative task. Experimental results showed that humans tend to follow an agent who has low intelligence and more obstinance rather than an agent who has high intelligence and less obstinance, and we found that obstinance is more important than intelligence in being a leader in human-computer interaction.
The Role of Long-Range Connectivity for the Characterization of the Functional–Anatomical Organization of the Cortex

This review focuses on the role of long-range connectivity as one element of brain structure that is of key importance for the functional–anatomical organization of the cortex. In this context, we discuss the putative guiding principles for mapping brain function and structure onto the cortical surface. Such mappings reveal a high degree of functional–anatomical segregation. Given that brain regions frequently maintain characteristic connectivity profiles and the functional repertoire of a cortical area is closely related to its anatomical connections, long-range connectivity may be used to define segregated cortical areas. This methodology is called connectivity-based parcellation. Within this framework, we investigate different techniques to estimate connectivity profiles with emphasis given to non-invasive methods based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and diffusion tractography. Cortical parcellation is then defined based on similarity between diffusion tractograms, and different clustering approaches are discussed. We conclude that the use of non-invasively acquired connectivity estimates to characterize the functional–anatomical organization of the brain is a valid, relevant, and necessary endeavor. Current and future developments in dMRI technology, tractography algorithms, and models of the similarity structure hold great potential for a substantial improvement and enrichment of the results of the technique.
The Kids Are Alright : Maternal Behavioral Interactions and Stress Reactivity in Infants of Differentially Reared Rhesus Monkeys

Behavioral interactions and infant stress reactivity were investigated in 120 mother-infant pairs of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The mothers themselves were either mother-reared (MR), surrogate-peer reared (SPR), or peer-reared (PR). Focal observations and isolation stress tests were conducted throughout post-natal months 1–6 of the infants’ lives, followed by a standardized 4-week social separation regimen. PR mothers engaged in more grooming than MR mothers during months 4 and 6, and more rejections than both other groups during months 3 and 5. Although all infants were mother-reared, D 14 and 30 cortisol responses in infants of MR and SPR mothers resembled their mother’s responses at that age, a pattern that corresponded inversely with levels of mother-infant mutual ventral contact during month 1. Despite observed differences in maternal behavior and evidence of non-genomic cross-generational transmission of early cortisol reactivity, infant stress responses throughout later infancy did not vary as a function of the mother’s rearing condition. Maternal Behavioral Interactions and Stress Reactivity in Infants of Differentially Reared Rhesus Monkeys The impact of early adverse experience on biobehavioral development in humans and other animals is well documented. Extensive evidence from the human literature 103 04--Roma--103-122 8/7/06 12:50 PM Page 103
The Morphogenesis of Cranial Sutures in Zebrafish

Using morphological, histological, and TEM analyses of the cranium, we provide a detailed description of bone and suture growth in zebrafish. Based on expression patterns and localization, we identified osteoblasts at different degrees of maturation. Our data confirm that, unlike in humans, zebrafish cranial sutures maintain lifelong patency to sustain skull growth. The cranial vault develops in a coordinated manner resulting in a structure that protects the brain. The zebrafish cranial roof parallels that of higher vertebrates and contains five major bones: one pair of frontal bones, one pair of parietal bones, and the supraoccipital bone. Parietal and frontal bones are formed by intramembranous ossification within a layer of mesenchyme positioned between the dermal mesenchyme and meninges surrounding the brain. The supraoccipital bone has an endochondral origin. Cranial bones are separated by connective tissue with a distinctive architecture of osteogenic cells and collagen fibrils. Here we show RNA in situ hybridization for col1a1a, col2a1a, col10a1, bglap/osteocalcin, fgfr1a, fgfr1b, fgfr2, fgfr3, foxq1, twist2, twist3, runx2a, runx2b, sp7/osterix, and spp1/ osteopontin, indicating that the expression of genes involved in suture development in mammals is preserved in zebrafish. We also present methods for examining the cranium and its sutures, which permit the study of the mechanisms involved in suture patency as well as their pathological obliteration. The model we develop has implications for the study of human disorders, including craniosynostosis, which affects 1 in 2,500 live births.
Review of Antenna Technology for Millimeter Wave Automotive Sensors

Automotive sensors for the detection and discrimination of other vehicles on the road, obstacles, and boundaries use miniature radar systems and are heavily dependent in their performance on the antenna system. In this contribution, the requirements for such antenna systems are reviewed and the various options of antenna technology are discussed. In particular, prominent and presently employed, as well as innovative antenna concepts for forward looking obstacle avoidance and autonomous cruise control are presented and principles of operation as well as limitations are discussed. In conclusion, antenna requirements are discussed in the light of key requirements of advanced future automobile sensor systems.
Scaling Floating-Gate Devices Predicting Behavior for Programmable and Configurable Circuits and Systems

This paper presents scaling of Floating-Gate (FG) devices, and the resulting implication to large-scale Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) systems. The properties of FG circuits and systems in one technology (e.g., 350 nm CMOS) are experimentally shown to roughly translate to FG circuits in scaled down processes in a way predictable through MOSFET physics concepts. Scaling FG devices results in higher frequency response, (e.g., FPAA fabric) as well as lower parasitic capacitance and lower power consumption. FPAA architectures, limited to 50–100 MHz frequency ranges could be envisioned to operate at 500 MHz–1 GHz for 130 nm line widths, and operate around 4 GHz for 40 nm line widths.
Discovery of anti-inflammatory role of prostaglandin D2

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin are one of the most frequently used classes of drug worldwide and inhibit prostaglandin (PG) production by inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity. Although NSAIDs are broadly used against inflammatory diseases, they have side effects including alimentary canal disorders, kidney damage, infection and cardiovascular disorders. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate the pathophysiological role of each PG in various diseases to develop better therapies with fewer and milder side effects. PGD2 is a PG that was identified in 1973 by Hamberg and is produced by the activities of cyclooxygenase and either hematopoietic or lipocalin-type PGD synthase. PGD2 exerts its physiological effects by stimulating two distinct G protein-coupled receptors, namely D prostanoid receptor (DP) and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2). The physiological role of PGD2 remains controversial. Some studies have reported that PGD2 has bronchoconstrictory and pro-inflammatory effects inducing immune cell accumulation. In contrast, other groups have reported that PGD2 has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the recruitment of dendritic cells and neutrophils. We have investigated the pathophysiological role of PGD2 using various disease models and reported on its anti-inflammatory actions. Here, we review the anti-inflammatory roles of PGD2 and the underlying mechanisms.
SIR coverage in an uplink poisson cellular network with LoS massive MIMO

In this paper, we study the uplink of a Poisson network with a multi-user massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme. A base station (BS) deploys three directional linear antenna arrays, each covering one-third of the angular domain in the network plane. A target user is randomly located within the cell sector, and the other co-channel users are Poisson distributed on the network plane. In the uplink, the single-antenna users transmit to the BS without power control in line-of-sight (LOS) channels. The BS performs maximum ratio combining (MRC) and each antenna array of the BS serves multiple co-channel users within its cell sector at the same time. Under such a setting, we study the uplink signal-to-interference-ratio (SIR) coverage probability of the target user. The coverage analysis requires the interference distribution, yet it is hard to compute numerically. We present a computationally efficient approximation for the interference distribution, which enables an efficient and reasonable coverage computation.
Using Structural Content Information for Learning User Profiles

In this paper we show how a user proﬁle (in the context of a content-based recommender system and represented by means of a Bayesian Network) can be enhanced when a more detailed description of an item’s content is considered. Two main assumptions have been considered: the ﬁrst implies that the set of features used to describe an item can be organized into a well-deﬁned set of components or categories, and the second is that the user’s rating for a given item is obtained by combining user opinions of the relevance of each component. This new user proﬁle therefore consists of two diﬀerent parts: one represents how the user should rate each content component, and the other represents how this information might be combined in order to obtain the overall rating. As users do not normally express their opinions about structural components, in this paper we propose that these components be considered as hidden variables. The user proﬁle is learnt by means of the Expectation-Maximization algorithm from the set of user’s ratings.
In Silico Designing and Analysis of Inhibitors against Target Protein Identified through Host-Pathogen Protein Interactions in Malaria

Malaria, a life-threatening blood disease, has been a major concern in the field of healthcare. One of the severe forms of malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum which is initiated through protein interactions of pathogen with the host proteins. It is essential to analyse the protein-protein interactions among the host and pathogen for better understanding of the process and characterizing specific molecular mechanisms involved in pathogen persistence and survival. In this study, a complete protein-protein interaction network of human host and Plasmodium falciparum has been generated by integration of the experimental data and computationally predicting interactions using the interolog method. The interacting proteins were filtered according to their biological significance and functional roles. α-tubulin was identified as a potential protein target and inhibitors were designed against it by modification of amiprophos methyl. Docking and binding affinity analysis showed two modified inhibitors exhibiting better docking scores of −10.5 kcal/mol and −10.43 kcal/mol and an improved binding affinity of −83.80 kJ/mol and −98.16 kJ/mol with the target. These inhibitors can further be tested and validated in vivo for their properties as an antimalarial drug.
South-North migration and trade: a survey

Before 1973, the labor market in Europe was tight and immigration from the South (chiefly North Africa and Southern Europe) was encouraged. But with the slowdown in growth in the mid-1970s, the rise in unemployment, and increased economic uncertainty, immigration came to be viewed as a burden by the destination countries. The demand for migration fell, but the supply did not. As United States (U.S.) and European Union (EU) opposition to immigration increased, some proposed using trade policy to deal with immigration, with the assumption that trade is a substitute for migration. Using both one-sector and two-sector models, the author examines the relationship between trade and migration, as well as the welfare implications of different trade and migration policies for both sending and receiving countries. The results are ambiguous: opening markets in the North and providing foreign investment and foreign aid to the sending countries is more likely to slow down migration from Eastern Europe to the EU than from Africa to the EU or from Latin America to the U.S. It may also worsen the skill composition of migration from Africa to the EU and from Latin America to the U.S. Two results hold, nevertheless: the South gains from trade liberalization in either the North or the South, and the North gains from imposing an immigration tax. The policy implications are clear: the South should liberalize trade, while the North should impose an (optimal) immigration tax.
Time-of-arrival estimation in path attenuation

We consider a time-of-arrival (ToA) estimation in the presence of path attenuation. Maximum correlation (MC) is revisited and maximum likelihood (ML) is newly derived to estimate the ToA. It reveals that for low effective bandwidth, short distance and large path loss exponent, the ML has a smaller error variance than the MC. Numerical examples illustrate that the ML outperforms the MC.
Prevalence of Anti-deamidated Gliadin Peptide Antibodies in Asian Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background/Aims Non-celiac gluten sensitivity has been increasingly recognized as a predisposing factor for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms in Western populations where celiac disease (CD) is relatively common. In Asia where CD is rare, we wish to determine the prevalence of gluten protein associated serology in IBS patients, which has not been formally studied, and its relation to histological and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers. Methods We reviewed a consecutive cohort of Asian patients with IBS, who had undergone serologic testing for IgA against deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies (IgA DGP) and IgA anti-endomysium antibodies, and who also had duodenal biopsies during clinical workup. In addition, a subset of Chinese patients with positive serology was further tested for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Results Of 186 patients, 34 (18%) were positive for IgA DGP; bloating, abdominal pain, belching and diarrhea were the most commonly reported symptoms but diarrhea as the most bothersome symptom was significantly more common in IgA DGP positive patients. Mildly increased intra-epithelial lymphocytes on duodenal biopsy was also more common (29% vs. 9%, P = 0.001). Nine of 21 Chinese patients tested as IgA DGP positive undertook HLA-DQ2/DQ8 testing, with only 2 being positive for HLA-DQ8. All patients with positive IgA DGP reported symptom improvement with gluten withdrawal. Conclusions We have described a series of Asian, mainly Chinese, patients with IBS who were tested positive for IgA DGP, and improved on a gluten exclusion diet. We believe this is the first report of non-celiac gluten sensitivity in Asia, a region where CD is uncommon.
Cross-tier interference mitigation in wideband HetNets with full duplex

Full duplex assisted inter-cell interference coordination (fICIC) has been shown effective to mitigate the cross-tier inter-cell interference (ICI) generated by the macro-cell base station (MBS) to the small-cell user equipment (SUE) in downlink narrowband heterogeneous networks. The fICIC applies full duplex technique at the small-cell BS (SBS) such that the SBS can forwarded the overheard ICI to neutralize the ICI directly received at the SUE at the same time as sending the desired signal. In this paper, we develop the framework for the design of wideband fICIC. Different from the narrowband system where only a single-tap forwarding filter is required, in the wideband system the multi-tap time-domain finite impulse response (FIR) forwarding filter needs to be jointly designed with multi-subcarrier frequency-domain power allocation for desired signals. A suboptimal wideband fICIC scheme is proposed in closed form. Simulation results demonstrated the gain of the proposed scheme.
From my hand to your ear: The faces of meter in performance and perception.

Although much theoretical and experimental study in music cognition has examined the role of meter in perception, less work has examined the role of meter in music performance. On the one hand, many studies have documented that perception of meter may arise from a variety of acoustic cues, and metrically regular patterns allow more accurate perception of and memory for music (eg. Jones & Pfordresher, 1997; Povel, 1981). Such evidence has inspired theories to posit that the perception of meter arises from attention to surface-level periodicities in a sequence that generate expectancies by driving internal rhythmic oscillations (Large & Jones, 1999). Other work has suggested that meter may serve as a well-learned abstract schema that guides listeners' interpretation of strong and weak beats even in the absence of surface cues (Palmer & Krumhansl, 1990); although meter stems from the musical surface, it is not entirely dependent on surface structure.
Monetary Policy in Low-Inflation Economies: The Welfare Cost of Inflation in the Presence of Inside Money

In this paper, we ask what role an endogenous money multiplier plays in the estimated welfare cost of inflation. The model is a variant of that used by Freeman and Kydland (2000) with inside and outside money in the spirit of Freeman and Huffman (1991). Unlike models in which the money–output link comes from either sticky prices or fixed money holdings, here prices and output are assumed to be fully flexible. Consumption goods are purchased using either currency or bank deposits. Two transaction costs affect these decisions: One is the cost of acquiring money balances, which is necessary to determine the demand for money and to make the velocity of money endogenous. The other is a fixed cost associated with using deposits. This cost is instrumental in determining the division of money balances into currency and interest-bearing deposits. Faced with these two costs and factors that may vary over time in equilibrium (such as over the business cycle), households make decisions that, in the aggregate, determine the velocity of money and the money multiplier. The model is consistent with several features of U.S. data: (1) M1 is positively correlated with real output; (2) the money multiplier and depositto-currency ratio are positively correlated with output; (3) the price level is negatively correlated with output in spite of conditions (1) and (2); (4) the correlation of M1 with contemporaneous prices is substantially weaker than the correlation of M1 with real output; (5) correlations among real variables are essentially unchanged under different monetary policy regimes; and (6) real money balances are smoother than money-demand equations would predict. A key feature of the model is that households purchase a continuum of types of goods indexed by their size. It comes from assuming a Leontief-type utility function over these types. One could argue that the distinction between nondurable and (usually larger) durable consumption goods should also be taken into account. We shall not take that step here. Instead, compared with Freeman and Kydland (2000), we consider a more flexible utility function than before, which, in equilibrium, permits the implication that households wish to consume large goods in relatively greater quantities.