Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of the fast electron angular dispersion by means of varying-resistivity structured targets

We present novel structured targets capable of collimating laser-generated fast electrons through dense plasmas. The proposed targets are made of narrow high- and low-Z filaments leading to a transversely modulated electrical resistivity profile. When featuring a spatially decreasing density, these targets permit both to guide the fast electrons and reduce their angular dispersion. The principle of our target design is explained by a theoretical model. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to demonstrate its efficiency.
An edge-based hierarchical algorithm for textured image segmentation

An edge-based hierarchical algorithm is proposed for segmenting textured images. The texture regions are modeled by Gaussian Markov random fields. No prior knowledge about the texture parameter values or the number of texture regions is assumed. The algorithm consists of two stages: boundary (edge) detection and edge estimation. In the first stage, the image is divided into disjoint square windows. The windows on the boundary of the regions are detected through a hypothesis test. The generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) shows some asymptotic optimality for the test. To reduce the computational cost associated with the GLR, average periodogram and low rank approximation are applied. The exact locations of the edges are hierarchically estimated in the second stage by a maximum likelihood estimator. Simulation and experimental examples are discussed. <<ETX>>
An Evaluation of “Transforming Youth Justice: A Leadership Development Program”

As part of the modern evidence-based movement in juvenile justice, effective leadership is necessary for planning, implementing, and evaluating policies, programs, and practices, along with guiding innovative reform efforts. Leadership development programs hold promise for advancing the field of juvenile justice, by enhancing participant leadership skills and abilities, as well as increasing opportunities for networking and further professional development. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a juvenile justice leadership program in Connecticut. Overall, the findings from the mixed-methods research were supportive. Implications for similar programs and future research also are discussed.
Mutual Eclipse Events in Asteroidal Binary System 1996 FG3: Observations and a Numerical Model

Abstract We report the CCD observations of the Apollo-type asteroid 1996 FG 3 obtained in April 1996 and December 1998. The lightcurves show a double periodicity which, following Pravec et al. ( IAU Circ. 7074, 1998), is interpreted as the signature of mutual eclipses and occultations between a non-synchronous, slightly elongated central body and its satellite. We derive a period of rotation of 3.595±0.002 h for the central body, while the orbital period of the satellite is determined to be 16.15±0.02 h. A numerical model has been developed which describes the binary system as consisting of two co-orbiting ellipsoids. The model incorporates the effects of shadowing and makes use of the Hapke photometric function. A fit of the model to the observations produces synthetic lightcurves which accurately reproduce the amplitudes, the timing, and subtler features of the eclipse events. Two possible orientations of the orbital plane normal vector (J2000) are found which can account for the observed events, one retrograde and one prograde—λ 1 =282°±10°; β 1 =−87°±3 and λ 2 =262°±10°; β 2 =+75°±3°—where the retrograde one provides a slightly better fit to the observations. We find a circular orbit normalized radius R =2.9±0.1 and primary body normalized semiaxes A =1.05±0.02, B =0.95±0.02, C =0.70±0.10. For the secondary body we find normalized semiaxes a =0.32±0.03 and b =0.23±0.03. The satellite shortest semiaxis c is not well constrained by the observations and therefore we assumed c = b throughout the modeling procedure. We also find indications that the primary body might have albedo variations across its surface. The estimated parameters allow us to determine an average bulk density of 1.4±0.3 g cm −3 which is highly suggestive of a rubble pile structure. The primary body shape, together with its spin rate, are not compatible with a hydrostatic equilibrium figure.
REVERBERATION MAPPING OF A LOW-MASS BLACK HOLE IN A NARROW-LINE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY

We present results of a reverberation mapping (RM) campaign on the low black hole mass narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy SDSS J113913.91+335551.1 (hereafter SL01). Using the Hβ measurements, we find a time lag days and a broad-line velocity width of 1450 km s−1 which implies a black hole mass of 3.8 M☉. To further bolster our time lag results, we employ a secondary method based on the multivariate correlation function as described in Chelouche & Zucker, in which case we obtain consistent lags for the Balmer lines, yet without the need to spectrally deconvolve line from continuum emission processes. Given SL01's luminosity (Lbol ≈ 7 × 1043 erg s−1), we estimate an Eddington ratio (Lbol/LEdd) of ∼0.18. This fairly low-mass determination and rather high Lbol/LEdd is consistent with the current paradigm that the nuclei of NLS1 galaxies host small black holes (as low as 106 M☉) with high accretion rates. SL01 is one of only a few NLS1s to date with robust RM results.
Analysis of the Expressible Depth Range of Three - dimensional Integral Imaging System

In this paper, we analyze the limitation on the expressible depth range that is one major problem of integral imaging. We provide the explanation that exactly predicts the experimental results and the way to evaluate the expressible depth range numerically. We also give the design method for the multi-central depth plane integral imaging system. Finally, we will show the experimental results for verification.
ATLID Cloud Climate Product

Despite significant advances in atmospheric measurements and modeling, clouds response to human-induced climate warming remains the largest source of uncertainty in model predictions of climate. Documenting how the cloud detailed vertical structure, the cloud cover and opacity evolve on a global scale over several decades is a necessary step towards understanding 10 and predicting the cloud response to climate warming. Among satellite-based remote sensing techniques, active sounding plays a special role, owing to its high vertical and horizontal resolution and high sensitivity. The launch of Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) in 2006 started the era of space-borne optical active sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere, which continued with the CATS (Cloud-Aerosol Transport System) lidar on-board ISS in 2015 and the Atmospheric Laser Doppler INstrument (ALADIN) lidar on-board Aeolus in 2018. The next important step is the 15 ATmospheric LIDar (ATLID) instrument from the EarthCARE mission expected to launch in 2023. With ATLID, the scientific community will continue receiving invaluable vertically resolved information of atmospheric optical properties needed for the estimation of cloud occurrence frequency, thickness, and height. In this article, we define the ATLID Climate Product, Short-Term (CLIMP-ST) and ATLID Climate Product, Long-Term (CLIMP-LT). The purpose of CLIMP-ST is to help evaluate the description of cloud processes in climate models, beyond what 20 is already done with existing space lidar observations, thanks to ATLID new capabilities. The CLIMP-LT will merge the ATLID cloud observations with previous space lidar observations to build
Evaluation of Genotoxic Effect and Antigenotoxic Potential against DNA Damage of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Annona muricata Using an In Vivo Erythrocyte Rodent Micronucleus Assay

Annona muricata have been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat multiple diseases, including cancers. This study evaluated the genotoxic potential and antigenotoxic activities of A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts by employing an in vivo erythrocyte rodent micronucleus assay. Different doses (187.5, 375, and 750 mg/kg) of both extracts were administered orally for 5 days alone and combined with cyclophosphamide (CP, 60 mg/kg) to BALB/c mice. Also, it was administered orally to Wistar rats for 5 days through the final stage of gestation. No genotoxic or cytotoxic effects were observed in the two adult rodent models when A. muricata was administered orally nor in newborn rats transplacentally exposed to the extracts. Moreover, A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts demonstrated a protective effect against CP-induced DNA damage. Due to its lack of genotoxic effect and its capacity to decrease DNA damage, A. muricata is likely to open an interest field regarding its potential safe use in clinical applications.
Modified Phased Tracking Method for Measurement of Change in Thickness of Arterial Wall

In this study, the change in thickness of the arterial wall caused by the heartbeat was measured by the phased tracking method [IEEE Trans. UFFC. 43 (1996) 791] for noninvasive assessment of the regional elasticity of the arterial wall. In the phased tracking method, the change in thickness of the arterial wall is obtained from the difference between displacements of two points set along an ultrasonic beam. The displacement during the pulse repetition interval is determined by the phase of the complex correlation between the quadrature modulated ultrasonic waves. For suppressing noise components, the complex correlation function is spatially averaged in the region, which corresponds to the ultrasonic wavelength. However, spatial averaging of displacements is not desirable for measurement of the change in thickness, because the change in thickness is caused by the spatial inhomogeneity of displacements. In this paper, the phased tracking method was modified for direct estimation of the change in thickness without spatial averaging of displacements.
All-optical logic gates containing a two-mode nonlinear waveguide

We propose a new element containing a two-mode nonlinear waveguide consisting of Kerr-like material for all-optical logic circuits. The proposed element, incorporated into the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, functions like a phase shifter. Although the optical waves propagating in the proposed element are monochromatic and identical in polarization, its function is insensitive to the relative phase difference between the incident beams. Using this element, we can realize various logic functions. In this paper, we demonstrate such logic circuits as inverters, distributors, and AND gates.
Effects of Multicomponent Injury Prevention Programs on Children and Adolescents’ Fundamental Movement Skills: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses

Objective Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are essential to participate in physical activity. Understanding the effects of multicomponent injury prevention programs (MIPP) on FMS may help promote safe physical activity. Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the effects of MIPP on biomechanical outcomes and neuromuscular performance measured on children and adolescents while performing FMS. Data Source We searched PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria We included peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials, published in English, that analyzed the effects of MIPP on biomechanics and neuromuscular performance of FMS in participants under 18 years of age. Data Extraction Two reviewers screened the articles, assessed the quality of the evidence using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and synthesized the data. Data Synthesis We conducted meta-analyses and reported the characteristics, outcomes, and risk of bias of studies. Results We included 27 articles that reported data from 1,427 participants. Positive effects on FMS were reported in 23 of the 27 included articles. Vertical Jump, running speed, acceleration, and dynamic balance presented positive-significant pooled effect sizes. Dribbling and horizontal jump presented non-significant pooled effect sizes. Conclusion MIPP can positively affect FMS in children and adolescents in sports-related settings. Lack of participant compliance and implementation fidelity may affect MIPP effectiveness. Including MIPP in physical literacy interventions, physical education classes, and organized physical activity may lead to functional adaptations that help promote safe physical activity.
Real-time FPGA-based architecture for stereo vision

In this paper, an FPGA based architecture for stereo vision is discussed. The architecture provides a high-density disparity map in real time. The architecture is based on area comparison between the image pair using the sum of absolute differences. The architecture scans the input images in partial columns which are then processed in parallel. The system performs monolithically on a pair images in real time. The purpose of the system is to be integrated ins smart camera for real-time image analysis based on FPGA processing.
Multiphoton fabrication of periodic structures by multibeam interference of femtosecond pulses

Femtosecond laser pulses are useful for laser microfabrication through multiphoton absorption. However, it is difficult to create interference of femtosecond pulses for the fabrication of periodic structures. In this letter, we report the fabrication of two-dimensional periodic structures by means of multibeam interference of femtosecond pulses. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a rod structure arranged into a square lattice. The possibility of controlling the period of the lattice, rod thickness, and rod shape were demonstrated.
Quality-factor enhancement of Fano resonance in asymmetric-double-bar metamaterials by alternately arranging inversed unit cells in the optical region

Metamaterials are artificial structures with exotic electromagnetic response: negative refraction, sub-wavelength focusing, and so on. Although characteristics of metamaterials are almost determined by unit cell structure, coupling effects among unit cells also have an important role in engineering electromagnetic response of metamaterials. In this study, we investigated Q-factors of Fano resonance in optical metamaterials having alternate arrangement of inversed asymmetric double bars (ADBs) to study effects of neighboring unit cell. An ADB is a pair of metal bars with slightly different bar lengths. Fano resonance with a high Q-factor was excited because of small asymmetry of an ADB. Alternate arrangement of inversed unit cells, in which the positions of the long bar and the short bar in neighboring unit cells were interchanged each other, was introduced into ADB metamaterials and its effect on the Q-factor was investigated. ADB metamaterials were fabricated by a lift-off method and optical spectra were measured. The Q-factors of Fano resonance around a wavelength of 1500 nm were estimated from absorption peaks, and dependence of a degree of asymmetry was studied. The Q-factor had strong dependence of asymmetry. Moreover, the Q-factors for alternate arrangement of inversed unit cells were higher than that for normally periodic arrangement. The enhancement is qualitatively expressed by interaction of magnetic dipoles among neighboring unit cells.
Icosabutate: targeting metabolic and inflammatory pathways for the treatment of NASH

ABSTRACT Introduction Via pleiotropic targeting of membrane and nuclear fatty acid receptors regulating key metabolic and inflammatory pathways in the liver, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids could offer a unique therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic-inflammatory diseases such as NASH. However, they lack efficacy for the treatment of NASH, likely due to unfavorable distribution, metabolism, and susceptibility to peroxidation. Areas covered Structurally engineered fatty acids (SEFAs), as exemplified by icosabutate, circumvent the inherent limitations of unmodified long-chain fatty acids, and demonstrate markedly enhanced pharmacodynamic effects without sacrificing safety and tolerability. We cover icosabutate’s structural modifications, their rationale and the fatty acid receptor and pathway targeting profile. We also provide an overview of the clinical data to date, including interim data from a Phase 2b trial in NASH subjects. Expert opinion Ideally, candidate drugs for NASH and associated liver fibrosis should be pleiotropic in mechanism and work upstream on multiple drivers of NASH, including lipotoxic lipid species, oxidative stress, and key modulators of inflammation, liver cell injury, and fibrosis. Icosabutate has demonstrated the ability to target these pathways in preclinical NASH models with interim data from the ICONA trial supporting, at least noninvasively, the clinical translation of highly promising pre-clinical data.
Hyperfine Optical Pumping of a Cesium Atomic Beam, and Applications

A CW single-mode GaAs laser has been used to excite selectively the hyperfine components of the D2 resonance line (8521 A) in a Cs133 atomic beam. The hyperfine optical pumping was displayed by using a Rabi-type detection method. Frequency locking of the GaAs laser to individual hyperfine transitions was performed by monitoring the atomic beam fluorescence. On the basis of these experimental results, the realization of optically-pumped cesium beam frequency standards is discussed.
User Value Co-creation Behavior and Service Innovation Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises

: Based on the value co-creation and dynamic capability theory, 319 questionnaires of manufacturing enterprises were selected as the research samples. Multiple regression analysis were used to explore the effect of user value co-creation behavior on manufacturing enterprises' service innovation performance, and the mechanism of the relationship between resource bricolage and capability restructuring. The results show that user value co-creation has a positive impact on service innovation performance, and resource bricolage plays a partial mediating effect between them. Resource bricolage and capacity reconstruction play a chain mediating effect. This study enriches the research perspective of user value co-creation behavior and service innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises, and provides inspiration for enterprise management practice.
The Significance of Fisher: A Review of R.A. Fisher: The Life of a Scientist

Abstract A number of colleagues have made helpful criticism and comments. They certainly do not uniformly agree with my judgments and emphases, but my warm appreciation goes to Keith Baker, Albert Biderman, Richard Brown, K. Alexander Brownlee, Donald T. Campbell, William G. Cochran, Lee J. Cronbach, Cuthbert Daniel, F.N. David, Arthur P. Dempster, Churchill Eisenhart, Stephen E. Fienberg, David Finney, Milton Friedman, I.J. Good, Bernard G. Greenberg, N.T. Gridgeman, William Jaffe, Oscar Kempthorne, Erich L. Lehmann, Richard C. Lewontin, Donald MacKenzie, William G. Madow, Margaret E. Martin, Frederick Mosteller, Jerzy Neyman, John W. Pratt, Donald B. Rubin, I.R. Savage, Hilary L. Seal, Hanan Selvin, Oscar B. Sheynin, David L. Sills, Theodor D. Sterling, George Stigler, Stephen M. Stigler, Fred L. Strodtbeck, Alan Stuart, Judith M. Tanur, Ronald Thisted, Howard Wainer, Frank Yates, Arnold Zellner and Harriet Zuckerman. Joan Fisher Box's biography of R.A. Fisher presents a lively and detailed description .
A frequency shifting liquid metal antenna with pressure responsiveness

This letter describes the fabrication and characterization of a shape shifting antenna that changes electrical length and therefore, frequency, in a controlled and rapid response to pressure. The antenna is composed of a liquid metal alloy (eutectic gallium indium) injected into microfluidic channels that feature rows of posts that separate adjacent segments of the metal. The initial shape of the antenna is stabilized mechanically by a thin oxide skin that forms on the liquid metal. Rupturing the skin merges distinct segments of the metal, which rapidly changes the length, and therefore frequency, of the antenna. A high speed camera elucidates the mechanism of merging and simulations model accurately the spectral properties of the antennas.
Projective characters of degree one and the inflation-restriction sequence

Abstract Let G be a finite group, α be a fixed cocycle of G and Proj (G, α) denote the set of irreducible projective characters of G lying over the cocycle α. Suppose N is a normal subgroup of G. Then the author shows that there exists a G- invariant element of Proj(N, αN) of degree 1 if and only if [α] is an element of the image of the inflation homomorphism from M(G/N) into M(G), where M(G) denotes the Schur multiplier of G. However in many situations one can produce such G-invariant characters where it is not intrinsically obvious that the cocycle could be inflated. Because of this the author obtains a restatement of his original result using the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre exact sequence of cohomology. This restatement not only resolves the apparent anomalies, but also yields as a corollary the well-known fact that the inflation-restriction sequence is exact when N is perfect.
Shear flow effects on the nonlinear evolution of thermal instabilities

In the weak radiation drive regime, the coupling between the thermal instability driven by impurity radiation and the self‐consistent flow profile modification leads to a simple dynamical system that can be approximated by the Volterra–Lotka equations. In this system the shear flow acts as a predator and the temperature fluctuations act as prey. The solutions are oscillatory, and their behavior resembles that of edge‐localized modes (ELM’s). The solutions of the simplified model are compared with the three‐dimensional and two‐dimensional nonlinear numerical results for this instability.
Performance Improvement in Vertical Surface Tunneling Transistors by a Boron Surface Phase

The fabrication and characteristics of silicon tunneling transistors based on vertical metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) gated pin-diodes are shown. In these devices the tunnel junction is formed between an influenced MOS-channel and an abrupt, ultra-highly doped boron layer. The ultra-high doping amount of about 2.6×1014 cm-2 is achieved by the formation of a √3×√3-R30° boron surface phase. The tunneling transport and the influence of the boron surface phase on the transistor behavior is investigated. The transistor performance is characterized by a current gain between 3 and 5 orders of magnitude at a low supply voltage of -0.2 V with saturation behavior.
H I and optical observations of dwarf galaxies

H I observations have been made with the 76-m Lovell Telescope of 36 galaxies of the blue compact and the low surface brightness type, of which 23 are true dwarfs (M B ≥−16 mag) and 31 have optical diameters less than 10 kpc. Photoelectric photometry from the Kitt Peak 2.1-m telescope reveals systematic errors in previous studies. The observations confirm the relative hydrogen richness of dwarf galaxies and indicate an increase in gas richness with decreasing luminosity. The distribution of intrinsic dwarf galaxy shapes is derived and applied to the statistical calculation of dwarf galaxy total masses, taking into account support by internal pressure
Inhomogeneous cosmologies: New exact solutions and their evolution

An algorithm is presented for determining all solutions of the Einstein field equations representing a perfect fluid with metric of the form ds2=dt2−e2αdz2 −e2β(dx2+dy2) and fluid flow vector u=∂/∂t. The entire class of solutions is then invariantly characterized. These new solutions generalize Szekeres’ inhomogeneous cosmological models containing dust. A subclass of these solutions is studied in detail and it is interesting that some of these models approach isotropy but not homogeneity for large cosmological times.