Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polynomial Sufficient Conditions of Well-Behavedness and Home Markings in Subclasses of Weighted Petri Nets

Join-Free Petri nets, whose transitions have at most one input place, model systems without synchronizations, while Choice-Free Petri nets, whose places have at most one output transition, model systems without conflicts. These classes respectively encompass the state machines (S-systems) and the marked graphs (T-systems). Whereas a structurally bounded and structurally live Petri net is said to be “well-formed”, a bounded and live Petri net is said to be “well-behaved”. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the well-formedness of Join-Free and Choice-Free nets have been known for some time, yet the behavioral properties of these classes are still not well understood. In particular polynomial sufficient conditions for liveness, that is, polynomial in time and with a polynomial initial number of tokens, have not been found until now. Besides, home markings, which can be reached from every reachable marking thus allowing for the construction of systems that can return to their initial data distribution, are not well apprehended either for these subclasses. We extend results on weighted T-systems to the class of weighted Petri nets and present transformations which preserve the language of the system and reduce the initial marking. We introduce a notion of balancing that makes possible the transformation of conservative systems into so-called “token-conservative” systems, whose number of tokens is invariant, while retaining the feasible transition sequences. This transformation is pertinent for all well-formed Petri nets and leads to polynomial sufficient conditions of liveness for well-formed Join-Free and Choice-Free nets. Finally, we also provide polynomial live and home markings for Fork-Attribution systems.
The Reserve Bank and macro-financial stability

This article describes the evolving macro-financial stability (MFS) function of the Reserve Bank and discusses the appropriate framework for the function in light of the global financial crisis (GFC). Areas where further analysis and research will be needed are highlighted. The article begins by discussing the evolving international context before explaining the Reserve Bank of New Zealand’s macro-financial stability function. Governance issues are also addressed.
From motion frames to grammar: a usage-based model of construction learning

Usage-based approaches to language acquisition assume that all aspects of the problem — including the input to learning, the pre-existing capacities of the learner, and the target structures to be learned — should broaden the traditional scope of inquiry to encompass meaning and communicative function. But the inclusion of such factors can present a mixed blessing: the more information is available to the learner, the more noise may complicate learning, especially in such rich and unbounded domains. Thus, while the introduction of meaning and function may reflect a more realistic view of the child’s learning situation, it is not by itself guaranteed to make the learning problem more tractable. Rather, a more explanatory and tractable account of learning depends on the amount of useful structure in the new information, as well as the learner’s ability to exploit such structure.
A Software Engineering Approach to Comparing Ontology Modeling with Object Modeling

The goal of the data model is to certify that all data objects required by the database are completely and accurately represented. Because the data model uses easily understood notations and natural language, it can be examined and confirmed as correct by the end-users. There are two major methodologies used to create a data model: the Entity-Relationship (ER) approach and the object model. Ontologies are objects of interest (universal of discourse). The objective of this paper is to simplify object models compare with ontology model. There are some similarities between objects in object models and concepts or classes in ontologies. The object model is the center of data modeling; on the other hand ontology itself has the concept which is the basis of knowledge base. Some issues mentioned in this paper are related with their connection; some are addressed directly into the similarities or differences point of view of both. This paper also presents the available tools, methods, procedures which show the corporation with object modeling and ontologies.
Please Scroll down for Article International Journal of Audiology Benefit from Spatial Separation of Multiple Talkers in Bilateral Hearing-aid Users: Effects of Hearing Loss, Age, and Cognition

(2009) 'Benefit from spatial separation of multiple talkers in bilateral hearing-aid users: Effects of This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Reconstruction of Human Face for Different Age Based on the Log-gabor Wavelet

A new method is proposed for reconstruction of different age human face based on the face shape and age texture. First, average face shapes are obtained by punctuating on different age faces, and the faces are warped by radial basis function to the average shapes. Second, by decomposing and selecting the elderly face images using the log-Gabor wavelet, we can get age texture, then add it to the warped face. Finally, we can reconstruct the target age of human face by judging the age of human face through the age estimation function, adjusting age texture parameter that can control wrinkle's changes. Experimental results show that the method can reconstruct different age for human faces which are more sincerity.
Reproducing software failures by exploiting the action history of undo features

Bug reports seldom contain information about the steps to reproduce a failure. Therefore, failure reproduction is a time consuming, difficult, and sometimes impossible task for software developers. Users are either unaware of the importance of steps to reproduce, are unable to describe them, or do not have time to report them. Similarly, automated crash reporting tools usually do not capture this information. In order to tackle this problem, we propose to exploit the action history of undo features, i.e. the history of user actions captured by many applications in order to allow users to undo previous actions. As it is captured anyway, our approach does not introduce additional monitoring overhead. We propose to extract the action history upon occurrence of a failure and present it to developers during bug fixing. Our hypothesis is that information about user actions contained in the action history of undo features enables developers to reproduce failures. We support this hypothesis with anecdotal evidence from a small empirical study of bug reports. A thorough evaluation is necessary to investigate the applicability and impact of our approach and to compare it to existing capture/ replay approaches.
Evaluation of the Subjective Probabilities of Survival in the Health and Retirement Study

In the Health and Retirement Study respondents were asked about the chances they would live to 75 or to 85. We analyze these responses to determine if they behave like probabilities of survival, if their averages are close to average probabilities in the population, and if they have correlations with other variables that are similar to correlations with actual mortality outcomes. We find that generally they do behave like probabilities and that they do aggregate to population probabilities. Most remarkable, however, is that they covary with other variables in the same way actual outcomes vary with the variables. For example, respondents with higher socioeconomic status give higher probabilities of survival, whereas respondents who smoke give lower probabilities. We conclude that these measures of subjective probabilities have great potential use in models of intertemporal decision-making under uncertainty.
Combined use of weather forecasting and satellite remote sensing information for fire risk, fire and fire impact monitoring

Knorr, W. , Pytharoulis, I. , Petropoulos, G. , Gobron, N. (2011). Combined use of weather forecasting and satellite remote sensing information for fire risk, fire and fire impact monitoring . Computational Ecology & Software, 1 (2), 112-120.
Incomplete Information Bargaining and Business Cycles

This paper presents a one-sided incomplete (asymmetric) information bargaining game in a dynamic general equilibrium framework. The model predicts business cycle movements in the economy with persistence mechanism arising from asymmetric information and search. The employment level is procyclical without the help of unusually high values of intertemporal elasticity of substitution, the real wage is procyclical but rigid. In addition, quits are procyclical and lay-offs countercyclical. Even if relevant information is revealed by the aggregate price level, the qualitative properties of the model do not change. The paper also discusses the efficiency issue. Firstly, contracts are shown to be more efficient than bargaining. Secondly, the decentralised equilibrium does not exploit the informational externalities that exist and the resulting sequence of equilibria are not only first-best inefficient but also second best inefficient.
Comparison and combination of near-infrared and Raman spectra for PLS and NAS quantitation of glucose, urea and lactate

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank everyone who has supported and inspired me during my graduate study. At the very first, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Mark A. Arnold. Thank you for your immense support, encouragement, and inspiration throughout my graduate study. Your wisdom and knowledgeable discussions with me helps me a lot in my research. Your strict and abundance comments had a direct impact on the final version and quality of this thesis. Without you, it is impossible for me to accomplish my graduate study in the University of Iowa. I feel really grateful to have you to be my advisor. Special thanks also go to my committee members for their expert advice. I would like to thank all my colleagues, who gave me so many valuable suggestions and encouragement. I am honored to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Jooyoung Choi, your help with the MATLAB codes and useful suggestions you gave me really inspired me in my research; and Dr. Min Ren, your data collection and well organized data files. I would also like to thank the rest members in Arnold's group for your support and help. At last but not least, I would like to give my deepest gratitude to my family for their great support during my graduate studying. Figure II-1. NIR absorbance spectra (top) and Raman spectra (bottom) for individual 27 mM solutions of glucose (red), lactate (blue), and urea Figure II-3. Distribution of RMS noise on raioed spectra for NIR spectra (top) with a spectral range 4400-4500 cm-1and Raman spectra (bottom) with a spectral range 700-800 cm-1, showing values for the ratio of the first and second (red circles), second and third (blue squares), first and third (green stars) and the mean of the three (black circles) for each triplicate Figure II-4. Examples of 100% lines of NIR spectra (top) and distribution of RMS noise on 100% lines for NIR spectra (bottom) with a spectral range 4400-4500 cm-1, showing values for the ratio of the first and second (red circles), second and third (blue squares), first and third (green stars) and the mean of the three (black circles) for each triplicate Figure II-6. Concentration correlation plots for glucose PLS calibration models from NIR spectra (top) and Raman spectra (bottom). Calibration data are represented by blue circles, and prediction data are represented by red circles. Figure …
(Optimal) Governance of Research Support by 'Survey Methodology'

Survey research is an integral element of modern social science. The infrastructure in terms of research institute, surveys, conferences and journals has greatly improved over the past 20 years and recently several initiatives have gained momentum even on a European level. This development has brought about the need for an integrated theoretical concept in order to assess and evaluate the quality of surveys and survey estimates. In our view, survey methodology is an interdisciplinary body of knowledge and expertise that describes the “science of conducting and evaluating surveys�? It is a theory-driven empirical approach to assess the quality of survey research. Thus, it applies the principles of survey research to the development and assessment of this very method. Even though surveys have been conducted in a highly professional manner for decades, survey methodology offers the opportunity to use a universal theoretical approach when planning and assessing surveys and also a joint terminology. Both, the integrated theoretical concept and the joint terminology foster the professionalization of survey methods and stimulates methodological research on the improvement of survey methods. One key element of survey methodology is the total survey error framework. It shall be described in greater detail below (section 1). Afterwards we will discuss some limitations of this concept (section 2) and mechanisms ad organizational issues in order to promote the use of this concept (section 3).
Endogenous H+ modulation of NMDA receptor‐mediated EPSCs revealed by carbonic anhydrase inhibition in rat hippocampus.

1. The occurrence of extracellular alkaline transients during excitatory synaptic transmission suggests that the NMDA receptor H(+)‐modulatory site may have a physiological role. Here we amplify these pH shifts using benzolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) and describe concomitant effects on EPSCs in whole‐cell clamped CA1 neurones in rat hippocampal slices. 2. In CO2‐HCO3(‐)‐buffered media, benzolamide increased the time to 50% decay (t50) of the EPSCs by 78 +/‐ 14% (P < 0.01, n = 10). This occurred simultaneously with amplification of the extracellular alkaline shift (154 +/‐ 14%). 3. In CO2‐HCO3(‐)‐buffered media containing DL‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovalerate (APV), the EPSC t50 was unaltered by benzolamide, while the extracellular alkaline shifts were increased (111 +/‐ 23%, n = 8). 4. In Hepes‐buffered media, neither the EPSC t50 nor the extracellular alkaline shift was altered by benzolamide (n = 9). 5. These data demonstrate that NMDA receptor activity is dependent on the buffering kinetics of the brain extracellular space. The results suggest that endogenous pH shifts can modulate NMDA receptor function in a physiologically relevant time frame.
A Single Universal n-bit Gate for Reversible Circuit Synthesis

Many universal reversible libraries that contain more than one gate type have been proposed in the literature. Practical implementation of reversible circuits is much easier if a single gate type is used in the circuit construction. This paper proposes a reversible n-bit gate that is universal for reversible circuits synthesis. The proposed gate is extendable according to the size of the circuit. The paper shows that the size of the synthesized circuits using the proposed gate is comparable with the size of the synthesized circuits using the hybrid reversible libraries for 3-in/out reversible circuits.
Mobile signature verification: feature robustness and performance comparison

In this study, the effects of using handheld devices on the performance of automatic signature verification systems are studied. The authors compare the discriminative power of global and local signature features between mobile devices and pen tablets, which are the prevalent acquisition device in the research literature. Individual feature discriminant ratios and feature selection techniques are used for comparison. Experiments are conducted on standard signature benchmark databases (BioSecure database) and a state-of-the-art device (Samsung Galaxy Note). Results show a decrease in the feature discriminative power and a higher verification error rate on handheld devices. It is found that one of the main causes of performance degradation on handheld devices is the absence of pen-up trajectory information (i.e. data acquired when the pen tip is not in contact with the writing surface).
Identification of nuclear receptors that regulate renin gene expression

ii To Mom, Dad, and Ching Your love and smile have been a huge blessing to me. To Aunt 6 You are the most wonderful aunt a niece could ever ask for iii As for me, I would seek God, and to God would I commit my cause, Who does great things and unsearchable, marvelous things without number. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This journey towards a Master's degree could not have been possible without all the help and support that I was privileged to receive. I am indebted to my family, mentors, colleagues, and friends who have been walking with me throughout this chapter of my life. First of all, to my mentor Curt, saying " thank you " will never be enough to express my deepest gratitude. Thank you for taking me on as your student. Thank you for being very honest with me at all times. I really appreciate the times when you reminded of me the skills that I needed to work on to become better. Thank you for being supportive, financially and emotionally. Thank you for setting the example of a hard-working, detail-oriented, and passionate scientist. I am truly blessed by having you as my mentor. To my thesis committee members, thank you for your guidance and contributions to this project. Justin, thanks for all the encouragements throughout this entire process. Thank you for spending time with me to answer many of my statistics questions. Time and time again you opened my eyes to see my molecular experiments from a statistical perspective. Anne, thanks for the insightful comments on the bioinformatics aspect of the project, which have been very important for me to better understand the project. To the Sigmund lab members, without your care and support I would never have been able to make it to this day. To Eric, thank you for helping me to become with the renin project when I first joined the lab. Thank you for still allowing me to ask you questions even after you left the lab. To Henry, thank you for helping me with a lot of the bioinformatics aspect of the project and for spending a lot of time reading my thesis and giving me feedback the past few months. Pim, thank you for being a great friend and a good example for me he past couple years. Thank you for being very honest with me on the things …
Optimal control of a stochastic network driven by a fractional Brownian motion input

We consider a stochastic control model driven by a fractional Brownian motion. This model is a formal approximation to a queueing network with an ON-OFF input process. We study stochastic control problems associated with the long-run average cost, the infinite horizon discounted cost, and the finite horizon cost. In addition, we find a solution to a constrained minimization problem as an application of our solution to the long-run average cost problem. We also establish Abelian limit relationships among the value functions of the above control problems. MSC2000: primary 60K25, 68M20, 90B22; secondary 90B18.
Acupuncture in Primary Headache Disorders; Review of the Evidence

Primary headache disorders affect large number of people worldwide. Migraine and tension type headaches constitute 95% of all headaches. Both tension type headaches and migraine impose huge socioeconomic impact on society. The role of non-pharmacological interventions in management of primary headaches is not entirely clear. Acupuncture is one of the most historical non pharmacological ways of treating migraine and tension type headaches. The evidence in support of its effectiveness however is conflicting. This review evaluates the available evidence regarding effectiveness of acupuncture for migraine and tension type headaches.
Boundary conditions and symplectic structure in the Chern–Simons formulation of (2+1)-dimensional gravity

We propose a description of open universes in the Chern–Simons formulation of (2+1)-dimensional gravity where spatial infinity is implemented as a puncture. At this puncture, additional variables are introduced which lie in the cotangent bundle of the Poincaré group, and coupled minimally to the Chern–Simons gauge field. We apply this description of spatial infinity to open universes of general genus and with an arbitrary number of massive spinning particles. Using results of [9] we give a finite-dimensional description of the phase space and determine its symplectic structure. In the special case of a genus zero universe with spinless particles, we compare our result to the symplectic structure computed by Matschull in the metric formulation of (2+1)-dimensional gravity. We comment on the quantization of the phase space and derive a quantization condition for the total mass and spin of an open universe.
Subcarrier allocation and power control with LTE-A carrier aggregation

We consider the sum power minimization problem with user specific rate constraint in the context of uplink LTE-A type system with carrier aggregation (CA), more precisely, inter-band CA. The increased bandwidth in LTE-A system allows orthogonal allocation of subcarriers among users. If time sharing or non-linear receivers are assumed, the problem becomes convex and can be optimally solved by standard solvers. We adopt a Lagrangian dual decomposition method in the conventional single band LTE type system to solve the subcarrier allocation problem. We further propose a subcarrier allocation and power control algorithm for the wideband CA. Because of the non-convex nature of the orthogonal subcarrier allocation, the optimal solution is not guaranteed. However, it is shown in the simulation results, that when there are sufficient available bandwidth, the performance gap between the optimal solution is small. The simulation results show with the proposed fast algorithms, the CA performs better than the conventional single band system. The gains become larger as the frequency selectivity increases.