Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Principles of Solidification: An Introduction to Modern Casting and Crystal Growth Concepts

Part I Introductory Aspects. - Crystals & Melts. - Thermodynamics of Crystal-Melt Phase Change. - Thermal Concepts in Solidification. - Solidification of Pure Materials. - Part II Macrosegregation. - Solute Mass Balances: Macrosegregation. - Plane-Front Solidication. - Composition Control. - Part III Solid-Liquid Interfaces: Capillarity, Stability, Nucleation. - Crystal-Molt Interfaces. - Constitutional Supercooling. - Linear Morphological Stability. - Non-Linear Stability Models. - Nucleation Catalysis. - Part IV Microstructure Evolution. - Dendritic Growth. - Microsegregation. - Interface Structures and Kinetics. - Polyphase Solidification. - Rapid Solidification Processing.
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS INITIATED IN VITRO

Ten µg. of the lipopolysaccharide endotoxin of Salmonella typhosa was given to rabbits intravenously to enhance the subsequent antibody response to an unrelated substance. The spleens were removed 24 hours later, diced, and incubated 1 hour with the antigen, bovine-γ-globulin (BGG), in a protein-free medium. After washing, the tissues either were extracted at once or planted and the fluids and tissues harvested 1 to 3 days later. Antibody was determined by a modification of the Boyden hemagglutination technique. Small amounts of antibody were synthesized as early as 1 hour after the addition of antigen. The antibody formed could be specifically inhibited with BGG, was not dialyzable, and did not sediment at 105,000 g for 2 hours. Dose-response studies revealed no antibody formation when the BGG concentration was 0.005 or 0.05 mg. /ml. The best responses were obtained at concentrations of 0.5 to 5.0 mg. /ml. These results were found irrespective of whether the animal had previously received BGG in vivo. Forty per cent autologous serum increased antibody formation about 9-fold over that secured with protein-free medium or with 40 per cent homologous serum. Antibody formed with this system could be detected by 50 per cent complement fixation test, although at much lower titer than found by hemagglutination. While spleens from rabbits previously given BGG did not produce more antibody than spleens from normal rabbits, they differed in that they produced antibody without the involvement of endotoxin. Under appropriate circumstances, endotoxin was effective in vitro in enabling spleen fragments to produce antibody to BGG. Cortisone acetate administered to rabbits prior to the removal of the spleen severely inhibited antibody production in vitro. Sodium prednisolone phosphate added in vitro showed a similar irreversible effect at concentrations as low as 2 x 10–5 M. Nitrogen mustard inhibited antibody formation at concentrations as low as 10–4 M.
Spatial Semantics for Concepts

Finding concepts that are similar to a given concept can prove useful in constructing user-friendly interfaces for querying DLontologies—the concrete use case being a query answering system with an enhanced user interface that suggests semantically relevant keywords (based on concept similarity) during query formulation. Most investigations on the similarity of concepts rely on ad-hoc and non-robust constructions referring to syntactical relationships in the concept hierarchy. A more promising approach to concept similarity is first to ground the concepts in a topological, geometrical, or more generally a spatial semantics and then to use the corresponding proximity or nearness relations provided by the spatial semantics for deciding concept similarity. Such an approach would not only describe a semantical justification for similarity of concepts but also provide a more cognitive semantics in the style of Gardenfors conceptual spaces that advance the comprehension by non-professional users of DL-systems. This paper discusses some possible directions for a spatially oriented semantics for DLs, starting off from conceptual spaces and the region connection calculus.
Backward Diffusion Methods for Digital Halftoning Industrial

We examine using discrete backward diffusion to produce digital halftones. The noise introduced by the discrete approximation to backwards diffusion forces the intensity away from uniform values, so that rounding each pixel to black or white can produce a pleasing halftone. We formulate our method by considering the Human Visual System norm and approximating the inverse of the blurring operator. We also investigate several possible mobility functions for use in a nonlinear backward diffusion equation for higher quality results.
What Do We Know About Component Separation Techniques for Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair?

Introduction The component separation technique (CST) was introduced to abdominal wall reconstruction to treat large, complex hernias. It is very difficult to compare the published findings because of the vast number of technical modifications to CST as well as the heterogeneity of the patient population operated on with this technique. Material and Methods The main focus of the literature search conducted up to August 2017 in Medline and PubMed was on publications reporting comparative findings as well as on systematic reviews in order to formulate statements regarding the various CSTs. Results CST without mesh should no longer be performed because of too high recurrence rates. Open anterior CST has too high a surgical site occurrence rate and henceforth should only be conducted as endoscopic and perforator sparing anterior CST. Open posterior CST and posterior CST with transversus abdominis release (TAR) produce better results than open anterior CST. To date, no significant differences have been found between endoscopic anterior, perforator sparing anterior CST and posterior CST with transversus abdominis release. Robot-assisted posterior CST with TAR is the latest, very promising alternative. The systematic use of biologic meshes cannot be recommended for CST. Conclusion CST should always be performed with mesh as endoscopic or perforator sparing anterior or posterior CST. Robot-assisted posterior CST with TAR is the latest development.
The role of visual cues in mother–pup reunions in a colonially breeding mammal

Parental care is an important factor influencing offspring survival and adult reproductive success in many vertebrates. Parent–offspring recognition ensures care is only directed to filial young, avoiding the costs of misallocated resource transfer. It is essential in colonial mammal species, such as otariids (fur seals and sea lions), in which repeated mother–offspring separations increase the risk of misdirecting maternal effort. Identification of otariid pups by mothers is known to be multi-modal, yet the role of visual cues in this process remains uncertain. We used three-dimensional visual models to investigate the importance of visual cues in maternal recognition of pups in Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea). We showed that the colour pattern of pup pelage in the absence of any other sensory cues served to attract the attention of females and prompt investigation. Furthermore, females were capable of accurately distinguishing between models imitating the age-class of their own pup and those resembling older or younger age-classes. Our results suggest that visual cues facilitate age-class discrimination of pups by females and so are likely to play an important role in mother–pup reunions and recognition in otariid species.
Collisionless damping of localized plasma waves in laser-produced plasmas and application to stimulated Raman scattering in filaments

Observations of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in laser-produced plasmas often yield results at odds with theoretical predictions. For example, SRS is commonly seen at incident laser intensities below the theoretical threshold, and the spectrum of SRS light often extends to much shorter wavelengths than models predict. To account for these anomalies it is often proposed that SRS is occurring in high-intensity, self-focused light filaments. A serious problem with this model is that plasma wave damping rates estimated on the basis of the usual Landau theory for homogeneous plasmas would seem to rule out this explanation for many cases of interest. Damping rates for plasma waves confined to small-radius filaments, however, could be significantly different than damping rates for plane waves. Using a novel method for calculating transit-time damping, this paper analyzes the collisionless damping of plasma waveguide modes in a cylinder. It is found that the actual damping rates for waveguide modes in a suita.
Design and Experimental Parameteric Study of a Fish Robot Actuated by Piezoelectric Actuators

This paper presents the design and experimental parametric study of a biomimetic fish robot actuated by two lightweight piezo-composite actuators. The biomimetic aspects in this work are the mimicking of an oscillating tail-beat motion and the shape of an artificial caudal fin. Artificial caudal fins that resemble the fins of fish propelled by the body-and-caudal fin mode are fabricated for a parametric study of the way caudal fin characteristics affect the production of thrust at an operating frequency range. The observed caudal fin characteristics are the shape, area, and aspect ratio. A caudal fin with a high aspect ratio contributes to the high swimming speed of the present fish platform. A fish robot propelled by an artificial caudal fin shaped like the fin of a thunniform fish, which has a relatively high aspect ratio, produces a swimming speed as high as 2.364 cm/s for a 300 Vpp input voltage excited at 0.9Hz. The thrust performance of the biomimetic fish robot is examined in terms of the Strouhal number, the Froude number, the Reynolds number, and power consumption.
Workflow recovery

Workflow management systems (WFMSs) are becoming the basic technology for organizations to perform their daily business processes (workflows). A consistent and reliable execution of such processes is crucial for all organizations. The authors claim that this can only be achieved by integrating transactional features-especially "workflow transactions"-into WFMSs. Based on this idea, they discuss in detail advanced workflow recovery concepts which are necessary for the reliable and consistent execution of business processes in the presence of failures and exceptions. Additionally, they distinguish between different workflow types and present adequate recovery concepts for each of them.
Vector control for a twelve-phase synchronous motor

A twelve-phase synchronous motor with four Y-connected 3-phase symmetrical windings displaced in turn by 15deg is modeled by using flux linkages as state variables, and an optimized method for the vector control is proposed with the simulation results. The observing model for magnetizing flux linkage at the direct-axis is derived whereby a vector control scheme of a twelve-phase synchronous motor, and related simulation is constructed in this paper. Using switch blocks to model the functions of twelve-phase voltage-fed inverter is convenient for simulating the driving system. The results of the simulations show that the torque and magnetizing flux linkage can be controlled separately, and the dynamic characteristics of the motor are satisfied with the operating requirements.
Towards Low-Complexity Linear-Programming Decoding

We consider linear-programming (LP) decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. While it is clear that one can use any general-purpose LP solver to solve the LP that appears in the decoding problem, we argue in this paper that the LP at hand is equipped with a lot of structure that one should take advantage of. Towards this goal, we study the dual LP and show how coordinate-ascent methods lead to very simple update rules that are tightly connected to the min-sum algorithm. Moreover, replacing minima in the formula of the dual LP with soft-minima one obtains update rules that are tightly connected to the sum-product algorithm. This shows that LP solvers with complexity similar to the min-sum algorithm and the sum-product algorithm are feasible. Finally, we also discuss some sub-gradient-based methods.
Soft Tissue Enhancement and Implant Placement Following Partial Mandibulectomy Due to Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Many dental procedures allow for implant placement in partially or totally edentulous patients. Despite the availability of various implant and abutment types on the market, it often becomes quite challenging to achieve the biological and esthetic goals in a patient who has ridge deficiencies. Problems arise from the lack of adequate bone quality and quantity. 1 , 2 Soft tissue form and maintenance is also a consideration to evaluate. 3 Primary reconstructive techniques following segmental mandibulectomy is evolving and improves quality of life. A seldom encountered complication is the discovery and treatment of a malignant process (for example, squamous cell carcinoma). Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. 4 It is ranked as the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The most common sites of OSCC are the lateral ventral surface of the tongue, the floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. For most oral cavity cancers, surgery is the initial treatment of choice (often involving the full or partial removal of bony jaw structure). 5 Radiation or chemoradiation is added postoperatively if disease is more advanced or has high-risk features. Successful cancer therapy can affect the quantity and quality of soft tissue in areas where implants are planned, thus affecting the initial placement and the long-term success of the implants. Complications can be numerous; especially difficult is implant treatment in the mandibular anterior area where inadequate alveolar height results in the lingual floor and the vestibule becoming contiguous. 6 Further complicating treatment is the presence of scar tissue (often found following cancer surgery and radiotherapy). The present case is a report of the combination of a soft tissue enhancement and implant placement following partial mandibulectomy resulting from the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. A video abstract is available for viewing at https://youtu.be/dZ9t3j4ufOc? list=PLvRxNhB9EJqbqjcYMbwKbwi8Xpbb0YuHI .
Optimal Causal Inference

We consider an information-theoretic objective function for statistical modeling of time series that embodies a parametrized trade-off between the predictive power of a model and the model’s complexity. We study two distinct cases of optimal causal inference, which we call optimal causal filtering (OCF) and optimal causal estimation (OCE). OCF corresponds to the ideal case of having infinite data. We show that OCF leads to the exact causal architecture of a stochastic process, in the limit in which the trade-off parameter tends to zero, thereby emphasizing prediction. Specifically, the filtering method reconstructs exactly the hidden, causal states. More generally, we establish that the method leads to a graded model-complexity hierarchy of approximations to the causal architecture. We show for nonideal cases with finite data (OCE) that the correct number of states can be found by adjusting for statistical fluctuations in probability estimates.
Indirect Genetic Effects and Housing Conditions in Relation to Aggressive Behaviour in Pigs

Indirect Genetic Effects (IGEs), also known as associative effects, are the heritable effects that an individual has on the phenotype of its social partners. Selection for IGEs has been proposed as a method to reduce harmful behaviours, in particular aggression, in livestock and aquaculture. The mechanisms behind IGEs, however, have rarely been studied. The objective was therefore to assess aggression in pigs which were divergently selected for IGEs on growth (IGEg). In a one generation selection experiment, we studied 480 offspring of pigs (Sus scrofa) that were selected for relatively high or low IGEg and housed in homogeneous IGEg groups in either barren or enriched environments. Skin lesion scores, a proxy measure of aggression, and aggressive behaviours were recorded. The two distinct IGEg groups did not differ in number of skin lesions, or in amount of reciprocal fighting, both under stable social conditions and in confrontation with unfamiliar pigs in a 24 h regrouping test. Pigs selected for a positive effect on the growth of their group members, however, performed less non-reciprocal biting and showed considerably less aggression at reunion with familiar group members after they had been separated during a 24 h regrouping test. The enriched environment was associated with more skin lesions but less non-reciprocal biting under stable social conditions. Changes in aggression between pigs selected for IGEg were not influenced by G×E interactions with regard to the level of environmental enrichment. It is likely that selection on IGEg targets a behavioural strategy, rather than a single behavioural trait such as aggressiveness.
Development of an automated in vitro selection protocol to obtain RNA-based aptamers: identification of a biostable substance P antagonist

We have developed an automated SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) process that allows the execution of in vitro selection cycles without any direct manual intervention steps. The automated selection protocol is designed to provide for high flexibility and versatility in terms of choice of buffers and reagents as well as stringency of selection conditions. Employing the automated SELEX process, we have identified RNA aptamers to the mirror-image configuration (d-peptide) of substance P. The peptide substance P belongs to the tachykinin family and exerts various biologically important functions, such as peripheral vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction and pain transmission. The aptamer that was identified most frequently was truncated to the 44mer SUP-A-004. The mirror-image configuration of SUP-A-004, the so-called Spiegelmer, has been shown to bind to naturally occurring l-substance P displaying a Kd of 40 nM and to inhibit (IC50 of 45 nM) l-substance P-mediated Ca2+ release in a cell culture assay.
Audio Event Change Detection and Clustering in Movies

This paper proposed a method of audio event chage detection and clustering in movies. Three steps criterion method is used to detect audio event change in movies ,non silece segment is gotton from audio events by using energy firstly, potential audio event change point is gotton by calculating the distance of two sliding windows secondly , penalty distance is used to judge whether a potential audio enent change point is real or not lastly. Spectural clustering is used to estimate the number of audio events and k-means is used to cluster the same audio events . Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method can reach a satisfactory results.
A Novel Flux-Modulated Type Dual-Axis Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a novel flux-modulated type dual-axis motor that has two mechanical inputs/outputs, since it consists of a stator, a permanent magnet rotor, and a modulating rotor. Furthermore, since the dual-axis motor has a function the same as a planetary type magnetic gear, it can transmit torque with arbitrary gear ratio and divide mechanical input/output into two rotors without any mechanical contact. In this paper, first, conventional and proposed flux-modulated type dual-axis motors are optimized and compared using finite-element analysis. Next, the proposed dual-axis motor is prototyped and demonstrates the validity and availability by experiment.
ERAAP Shapes the Peptidome Associated with Classical and Nonclassical MHC Class I Molecules

The peptide repertoire presented by classical as well as nonclassical MHC class I (MHC I) molecules is altered in the absence of the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with Ag processing (ERAAP). To characterize the extent of these changes, peptides from cells lacking ERAAP were eluted from the cell surface and analyzed by high-throughput mass spectrometry. We found that most peptides found in wild-type (WT) cells were retained in the absence of ERAAP. In contrast, a subset of “ERAAP-edited” peptides was lost in WT cells, and ERAAP-deficient cells presented a unique “unedited” repertoire. A substantial fraction of MHC-associated peptides from ERAAP-deficient cells contained N-terminal extensions and had a different molecular composition than did those from WT cells. We found that the number and immunogenicity of peptides associated with nonclassical MHC I was increased in the absence of ERAAP. Conversely, only peptides presented by classical MHC I were immunogenic in ERAAP-sufficient cells. Finally, MHC I peptides were also derived from different intracellular sources in ERAAP-deficient cells.
An Evolutionary Algorithm for Automatic Summarization

This paper proposes a novel method to select sentences for automatic summarization based on an evolutionary algorithm. The algorithm explores candidate summaries space following an objective function computed over ngrams probability distributions of the candidate summary and the source documents. This method does not consider a summary as a stack of independent sentences but as a whole text, and makes use of advances in unsupervised summarization evaluation. We compare this sentence extraction method to one of the best existing methods which is based on integer linear programming, and show its efficiency on three different acknowledged corpora.
Surface characterization of (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 thin films for solar cells

AgCu(InGa)Se<inf>2</inf> alloy absorber layers with various Ga/(Ga+In) and Ag/(Ag+Cu) ratios were deposited using multi-source elemental evaporation and analyzed by glancing incidence x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. All films exhibit satellite chalcopyrite reflections in the x-ray diffraction pattern and films with 0.5 ≤ Ga < 1 and Ag > 0.5 have additional reflections consistent with an ordered defect phase which is limited to the near-surface region of the film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that all films have low (Ag+Cu)/Se ratios near the surface, consistent with an ordered defect compound. Films with 0 < w < 1 have (Ag+Cu)/Se and (Ag+Cu)/(Ga+In) ratios at the surface close to the (AgCu)(InGa)<inf>5</inf>Se<inf>8</inf> ordered defect phases. Additionally the near-surface region of (AgCu)(InGa)Se<inf>2</inf> films contains a higher Ag/(Ag+Cu) ratio than the bulk and the Ag(InGa)Se<inf>2</inf> film contains excess Ag near the surface.
Fuzzy PI-controller with self tuning scaling factors

In this paper, a Fuzzy-PI controller with the functionality of self-tuning scaling factors is discussed. The tuning scheme is designed with an easy structure and applied to the input variables of the system to get the best response during the transient and the steady state. The aim is to attain good performance such as rise time, overshoot and steady state error for the step response. A third order system is selected to analyze the performance of a conventional PI and fuzzy PI with self tuning facility.