Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Diboride Magnets for Future Particle Detectors

Since 1978, when the CELLO magnet was manufactured, superconducting detector magnets have been wound using NbTi based, Aluminum stabilized conductors. However, other choices are possible and Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) could be an attractive alternative. Magnets wound with MgB2 can be operated at relatively high temperature (10 to 20 K), therefore increasing the cryogenics efficiency. Efficiency is not the only advantage in using MgB2 instead of NbTi: higher operating temperature and higher temperature margin lead to higher enthalpy margin, which means very stable magnets. In addition, MgB2 is much cheaper respect to High Temperature Superconductors. The cost comparison between Al stabilized NbTi magnets and MgB2 magnets must be made considering the entire fabrication process.
Prognostic Value of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity According to Subjects’ Clinical Characteristics: Data From Analysis of 10,597 Subjects

Background To make good use of the prognostic value of arterial stiffness, it is important to identify the population with the greatest benefit. In this study, we compared the prognostic value of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) according to various clinical characteristics. Methods A total of 10,597 subjects who underwent baPWV measurement (mean age, 61.4 ± 9.5 years; female proportion, 42.5%) were retrospectively analyzed. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and ischemic stroke were assessed during the clinical follow-up period. Results In the multivariate analysis, clinical variables with more than 4,000 subjects were selected as grouping variables, which were sex (men and women), age (≥ 65 and < 65 years), body mass index (BMI) (≥ 25 and < 25 kg/m2), hypertension (presence and absence), estimated glomerular filtration rate (≥ 90 and < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), and statin use (user and non-user). During the median clinical follow-up duration of 3.58 years (interquartile range, 1.43–5.38 years), there were 422 MACEs (4.0%). In total study subjects, baseline higher baPWV was associated with increased risk of MACE occurrence (hazard ratio for baPWV ≥ 1,800 cm/s compared to baPWV < 1,400 cm/s, 4.04; 95% confidence interval, 2.62–6.21; P < 0.001). The prognostic value of baPWV was statistically significant regardless of sex, age, BMI, hypertension, renal function, and statin use. Conclusion Our results suggest that baPWV is not only effective in specific clinical situations, but can be effectively applied to predict cardiovascular prognosis in various clinical situations.
Estimation of Iron Loss in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and a Recurrent Neural Network

The popularity of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) has increased in recent years due to their high efficiency, compact size, and low maintenance needs. Calculating iron loss in PMSMs is crucial for designing and optimizing PMSMs to achieve high efficiency and a long lifespan, as this can significantly affect motor performance. However, multiple factors influence the accuracy of iron loss calculations in PMSMs, including the intricate magnetic behavior of the motor under different operating conditions, as well as the influence of the motor’s dynamic behavior during the operation process. This paper proposes a method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a recurrent neural network (RNN) to estimate the iron loss in PMSMs, independent of the empirical iron loss formula. This method establishes an iron loss calculation model considering high-order harmonics, rotating magnetization, and temperature factors. Accounting for the multifactor influence, the model studies the law of loss change under different magnetic flux densities, frequencies, and temperature conditions. To avoid the deviation problem caused by conventional polynomial fitting, a multilayer RNN and PSO are used to train and optimize the neural network. Iron loss in complex cases beyond the measurement range can be accurately estimated. The proposed method helps achieve a PMSM iron loss calculation model with broad applicability and high accuracy.
Extended detailed balance modeling toward solar cells with cement‐based radiative coolers

Reducing the temperature of a solar cell increases its efficiency and lifetime. This can be achieved by radiative cooling, a passive and simple method relying on materials that dump heat into outer space by thermal emission within the atmosphere transparency window between 8 and . As most radiative coolers are expensive or possibly UV unstable, we have recently proposed cement‐based solutions as a robust and cost‐effective alternative. However, the assessment model used describes the cell in the radiative limit and with perfect thermal coupling to the cooler, in line with the literature. In this work, we lift these two approximations, by incorporating Auger and Shockley–Read–Hall nonradiative recombination and a finite heat transfer coefficient at the cell/cooler interface, to obtain a thermal description of the cell/cooler stack closer to reality, while preserving the universality and transparency of the detailed‐balance approach. We use this model to demonstrate that the cell performance gains provided by a radiative cooler are underestimated in the radiative limit and are hence more prominent in devices with stronger nonradiative recombination. Furthermore, we quantify the relation between cell temperature and heat transfer coefficient at the cell/cooler interface and show how this can be used to define design requirements. The extended model developed, and the resulting observations provide important guidelines toward the practical realization of novel radiative coolers for solar cells, including cement‐based ones.
Biological synthesis and characterization of antibacterial manganese oxide nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633

Green synthesis sources for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles are an interesting and expanding research area due to their potential antibacterial applications. Generally, nanoparticles are prepared using different chemical and physical methods that yield toxic or harmful nano-scaled particles in addition to the high cost and complicated processing steps. The present study successfully biosynthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs) by reducing Manganese sulfate ( MnSO 4 .H 2 O) using the cell-free supernatant of Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633. The formation of MnO NPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Zeta analysis and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The biosynthesized MnO NPs displayed two absorption peaks at 285 and 353 nm. FT-IR spectrum proved the existence of bacterial proteins during the biosynthesis of MnO NPs that might act as stabilizing agents. MnO NPs have a negative charge of -20.4 mV according to Zeta analysis. TEM micrographs showed the rod-shape of MnO NPs with lengths of 70 to 100 nm and diameters of 10 to 23 nm. MnO NPs had a bactericidal action against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli with zones of inhibition of 23 and 25 mm, respectively in addition to minimum inhibitory concentration values of 20 and 15 µg/ml, respectively. The obtained results highlighted the possibility of using MnO NPs as a strong antibacterial agent in different industrial and medical applications.
Effect of blood pressure on mortality in patients with cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study

Background Cognitive impairment is a prevalent condition that substantially elevates mortality rates among the elderly. The impact of hypertension on mortality in older adults with cognitive impairment is a subject of contention. This study aims to examine the influence of hypertension on both all-cause and CVD-specific mortality in elderly individuals experiencing cognitive impairment within a prospective cohort. Methods This study encompassed 2,925 participants (weighted 53,086,905) aged 60 years or older from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2011–2014. Incidence of all-cause and CVD-specific mortality was ascertained through linkage with National Death Index records until 31 December 2019. Survival was performed employing the Kaplan–Meier method. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated via Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results Over the follow-up period of up to 9.17 years [with a median (IQR) time to death of 6.58 years], equivalent to 18,731.56 (weighted 3.46 × 108) person-years, there were a total of 576 recorded deaths. Participants with CI exhibited a 1.96-fold higher risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 1.55–2.49; p < 0.01) and a 2.8-fold higher risk of CVD-specific mortality (95% CI: 1.83–4.29; p < 0.01) in comparison to participants without CI. Among participants with CI, concurrent hypertension comorbidity was linked to a 2.73-fold elevated risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 1.78–4.17; p < 0.01) and a 5.3-fold elevated risk of CVD-specific mortality (95% CI: 2.54–11.04; p < 0.01). Further stratified analyses revealed that the combined effects of hypertension and CI on all-cause and CVD-specific mortality were more pronounced in participants aged 60–69 years compared to those aged 70–80 years (p for interaction <0.01). The primary findings exhibited resilience across a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Participants with CI exhibited a markedly elevated risk of all-cause and CVD-specific mortality when coexisting with hypertension. Appropriate management of hypertension in patients with CI may be helpful in reducing the excess risk of death.
The HLA-B*57:01 allele corresponds to a very large MHC haploblock likely explaining its massive effect for HIV-1 elite control

Introduction We have reanalyzed the genomic data of the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV (ICGH), centering on HIV-1 Elite Controllers. Methods We performed a genome-wide Association Study comparing 543 HIV Elite Controllers with 3,272 uninfected controls of European descent. Using the latest database for imputation, we analyzed 35,552 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region. Results Our analysis identified 2,626 SNPs significantly associated (p<5. 10-8) with elite control of HIV-1 infection, including well-established MHC signals such as the rs2395029-G allele which tags HLA-B*57:01. A thorough investigation of SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with rs2395029 revealed an extensive haploblock spanning 1.9 megabases in the MHC region tagging HLA-B*57:01, comprising 379 SNP alleles impacting 72 genes. This haploblock contains damaging variations in proteins like NOTCH4 and DXO and is also associated with a strong differential pattern of expression of multiple MHC genes such as HLA-B, MICB, and ZBTB12. The study was expanded to include two cohorts of seropositive African-American individuals, where a haploblock tagging the HLA-B*57:03 allele was similarly associated with control of viral load. The mRNA expression profile of this haploblock in African Americans closely mirrored that in the European cohort. Discussion These findings suggest that additional molecular mechanisms beyond the conventional antigen-presenting role of class I HLA molecules may contribute to the observed influence of HLA-B*57:01/B*57:03 alleles on HIV-1 elite control. Overall, this study has uncovered a large haploblock associated with HLA-B*57 alleles, providing novel insights into their massive effect on HIV-1 elite control.
TESTING MARKET EFFICIENCY: THE ROAD TO INTRINSIC VALUATION

The paradigm of market equilibrium and the “efficient-market hypothesis” tied to it, dealing specifically with the behavior of capital markets, has no explanation for financial bubbles and their bursting that is leading to stock market crashes. Accordingly, the main goal of this paper is to discuss the inefficiency of markets, with examples of corporate decisions that directly abuse such inefficiency to psychologically motivate desired behavior of potential customers. To test the efficiency market hypothesis, we have used Stoxx Europe 600 index historical closing daily prices, for the period from 2012–2022. Using both non-parametric and parametric tests, such as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, run–test for random order, and ARIMA regression, we reject the hypothesis that the market is efficient in a weak form because it doesn’t follow a random walk. Also, basic-level problems of economic theory were analyzed, emphasizing the view that perhaps the time has come to align the fundamentals of economic theory with basic concepts that have been used in practice for years.
Spatio‐temporal risk analysis of agriculture and meteorological droughts in rainfed Potohar, Pakistan, using remote sensing and geospatial techniques

Droughts of various types are considered as a major threat to rainfed agriculture, because agricultural production is dependent on the spatio‐temporal distribution of rainfall. The rainfed regions of Pakistan, such as Potohar, have experienced several instances of drought since 2000. The most drought‐affected staple crop of the region is wheat, which ultimately affects regional food security. In this study, we examine the agricultural and the meteorological droughts in the Potohar region during 2000–2020, to create a drought risk map. This region comprises four districts, namely Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum and Rawalpindi. First, the agricultural and meteorological drought severity maps were created using rainfall data (meteorological data) and vegetation indices for three different periods (i.e., drought year, moderate drought year and normal year). The agricultural drought patterns and intensity were identified and evaluated using the MODIS products MOD09A1 and MOD11A2, while the meteorological droughts were identified using CHRIPS rainfall data. Afterwards, a combined drought risk map was generated by integrating the agricultural and meteorological adrought severity maps using a weighted overlay analysis. This drought risk map showed that Attock and Rawalpindi were expeiencing slight to no drought conditions, whereas the southwestern and central parts of Chakwal showed moderate drought conditions. Similarly, the western parts of Jhelum faced moderate drought conditions. Thus, the combined drought risk map may be a useful guide for decision makers in the local and provincial government. Using this map, they can identify adaptation practices in the drought‐prone areas of this region for enhancing agricultural productivity.
Serum Phosphorus and Calcium as Biomarkers of Disease Status in Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), leading to changes in the growth of visceral tissues and glucose impairment. Serum biomarkers that correlate with disease status are still unclear. This study aims to assess the potential of phosphorus and calcium as biomarkers in the clinical evaluation of patients with acromegaly and clarify their relationship with SAGIT and other common biomarkers. We retrospectively analyzed data from 306 medical records of patients with acromegaly hospitalized between 2015 and 2020. Factors such as patient biometrics, duration of disease, SAGIT score, tumor size, GH, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, and vitamin D were analyzed concerning current disease status (naïve, non-remission, remission). The results showed that serum phosphorus significantly correlated with IGF-1 and SAGIT scores for patients with active acromegaly. Specifically, the best predictor for the remission of acromegaly was a phosphorus level < 3.98 mg/dL and serum calcium levels < 9.88 mg/dL. Based on logistic regression, the higher the serum phosphorus level, the lower the odds of achieving remission (an increase in one unit leads to a decrease in the chance of about 80%). In conclusion, phosphorus and calcium can be effective biochemical markers for predicting disease status in acromegaly.
Early Experience of Transarterial Therapy in Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Ruptured HCC carries a high mortality if untreated. Peripherally located HCC has a higher risk of rupture. However, most of the ruptured HCCs on presentation are in an advanced stage and, hence are unresectable. Henceforth treatment options available are conservative and transcatheter embolization. Methods: Retrospectively, 8 patients with ruptured HCC who underwent trans arterial embolization were studied for hemostasis and 30-day mortality. Clinical history and laboratory data were obtained from the medical records of the patients, and radiological images were extracted from picture archiving and communication systems and studied. Results: The age ranged between 31 to 78 years and 7 were male. In patients presenting with sudden onset pain abdomen, ruptured HCC was suspected if there was a hemoperitoneum with or without extravasation of contrast adjacent to peripherally located HCC on CT angiography. Angiography revealed tumour blush with sentinel vessels in all. Two showed active contrast extravasation. Seven patients with relatively preserved liver function (Child A and B) attained both radiological and clinical hemostasis. One patient with Child C status died due to MODS on day 3 of embolisation. Three patients survived more than a year with additional liver-directed therapies. Two patients were lost to follow-up after discharge and two after six months. Conclusions: Transarterial embolization for ruptured HCC is an effective method of hemostasis and helps in achieving better survival by the additional benefit of tumor control and poor functional status of the liver predicts lower survival.
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a Pre-Hispanic Food in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Hypoglycemic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Inhibitory Properties of α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase, and in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the major health diseases worldwide, one that requires immediate alternatives to allow treatments for DM to be more effective and less costly for patients and also for health-care systems. Recent approaches propose treatments for DM based on that; in addition to focusing on reducing hyperglycemia, they also consider multitargets, as in the case of plants. Among these, we find the plant known as chia to be highlighted, a crop native to Mexico and one cultivated in Mesoamerica from pre-Hispanic times. The present work contributes to the review of the antidiabetic effects of chia for the treatment of DM. The antidiabetic effects of chia are effective in different mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis of DM, including hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and the inhibition of the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase, as well as in the prevention of the risk of cardiovascular disease. The tests reviewed included 16 in vivo assays on rodent models, 13 clinical trials, and 4 in vitro tests. Furthermore, chia represents advantages over other natural products due to its availability and its acceptance and, in addition, as a component of the daily diet worldwide, especially due to its omega-3 fatty acids and its high concentration of dietary fiber. Thus, chia in the present work represents a source of antidiabetic agents that would perhaps be useful in novel clinical treatments.
Identification and analysis of BAHD superfamily related to malonyl ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng

Introduction The BAHD (benzylalcohol O-acetyl transferase, anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, N-hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilate benzoyl transferase and deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase), has various biological functions in plants, including catalyzing the biosynthesis of terpenes, phenolics and esters, participating in plant stress response, affecting cell stability, and regulating fruit quality. Methods Bioinformatics methods, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer were used to explore the relationship between the BAHD gene family and malonyl ginsenosides in Panax ginseng. Results In this study, 103 BAHD genes were identified in P. ginseng, mainly distributed in three major clades. Most PgBAHDs contain cis-acting elements associated with abiotic stress response and plant hormone response. Among the 103 genes, 68 PgBAHDs are WGD (whole-genome duplication) genes. The significance of malonylation in biosynthesis has garnered considerable attention in the study of malonyltransferases. The phylogenetic tree results showed 34 PgBAHDs were clustered with genes that have malonyl characterization. Among them, seven PgBAHDs (PgBAHD4, 45, 65, 74, 90, 97, and 99) showed correlations > 0.9 with crucial enzyme genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and > 0.8 with malonyl ginsenosides. These seven genes were considered potential candidates involved in the biosynthesis of malonyl ginsenosides. Discussion These results help elucidate the structure, evolution, and functions of the P. ginseng BAHD gene family, and establish the foundation for further research on the mechanism of BAHD genes in ginsenoside biosynthesis.
Paeoniflorin Induces ER Stress-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death by Generating Nox4-Derived ROS under Radiation in Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, and its resistance to cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has made treating it a major challenge. Paeoniflorin (PF) is one potential pharmacological treatment derived from paeony root. However, in cancer, the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of PF are still unclear. In the present study, we found that PF exerts anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro and induces apoptotic cell death through ER stress, calcium (Ca2+), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release in gastric cancer cells. However, ROS inhibition by DPI and NAC blocks cell death and the PERK signaling pathway via the reduction of Nox4. Moreover, PF triggers a synergistic inhibitory effect of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process under radiation exposure in radiation-resistant gastric cancer cells. These findings indicate that PF-induced Ca2+ and ROS release overcomes radioresistance via ER stress and induces cell death under radiation in gastric cancer cells. Therefore, PF, in combination with radiation, may be a powerful strategy for gastric cancer therapy.
Green RFID Systems

Combining cutting-edge technologies and techniques with existing approaches, this book equips you with the tools and knowledge needed to develop new energy-efficient and environmentally friendly RFID (radio frequency identification) systems. As well as covering RFID basics, a wide range of new technologies is discussed, including biodegradable and recyclable material use, energy scavenging, passive and chipless architectures, RFID passive sensors, networked RFID and RFID sensors, organic electronic devices, textile electronics, and distributed and wide area electronics. Providing a clear description of how RFID technology can enable the evolution of the Internet of Things, the book guides you down the path to facing new challenges as we move towards ubiquitous sensing for smart environments and a networked society. This is an ideal guide for researchers in academia and industry, technical managers, and graduate students in RF and wireless communications.