Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients 1 year postoperatively

Background and purpose — The increased use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in orthopedics requires data on estimated minimal clinically important improvements (MCIIs) and patient-acceptable symptom states (PASSs). We wanted to find cut-points corresponding to minimal clinically important PRO change score and the acceptable postoperative PRO score, by estimating MCII and PASS 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (THA) for the Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) and the EQ-5D. Patients and methods — THA patients from 16 different departments received 2 PROs and additional questions preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. The PROs included were the HOOS subscales pain (HOOS Pain), physical function short form (HOOS-PS), and hip-related quality of life (HOOS QoL), and the EQ-5D. MCII and PASS were estimated using multiple anchor-based approaches. Results — Of 1,837 patients available, 1,335 answered the preoperative PROs, and 1,288 of them answered the 1-year follow-up. The MCIIs and PASSs were estimated to be: 24 and 91 (HOOS Pain), 23 and 88 (HOOS-PS), 17 and 83 (HOOS QoL), 0.31 and 0.92 (EQ-5D Index), and 23 and 85 (EQ-VAS), respectively. MCIIs corresponded to a 38–55% improvement from mean baseline PRO score and PASSs corresponded to absolute follow-up scores of 57–91% of the maximum score in THA patients 1 year after surgery. Interpretation — This study improves the interpretability of PRO scores. The different estimation approaches presented may serve as a guide for future MCII and PASS estimations in other contexts. The cutoff points may serve as reference values in registry settings.
Affect As Information: the Moderating Roles of Self-Regulatory Systems and Diagnosticity of Affective Valence

The Effect of Self-Regulatory Focus on Use of Positive versus Negative Affect as Information Thomas Kramer, Baruch College / CUNY Song-Oh Yoon, Singapore Management University Individuals often rely on affect for information. However, positive or negative affect may not be informative for individuals who are generally more prone to feel affect of this particular valence, unless they chronically monitor their internal states. We demonstrate that differences in internal versus external focus associated with promotion versus prevention self-regulation determine use of affect as information. We find that promotion-focused individuals with an internal focus of attention rely on both positive and negative affect. Conversely, prevention-focused individuals with an external focus of attention use only positive affect because its mismatch to their trait affective valence increases its diagnosticity.
Frequency and Distribution of Refractive Error in Adult Life: Methodology and Findings of the UK Biobank Study

Purpose To report the methodology and findings of a large scale investigation of burden and distribution of refractive error, from a contemporary and ethnically diverse study of health and disease in adults, in the UK. Methods U K Biobank, a unique contemporary resource for the study of health and disease, recruited more than half a million people aged 40–69 years. A subsample of 107,452 subjects undertook an enhanced ophthalmic examination which provided autorefraction data (a measure of refractive error). Refractive error status was categorised using the mean spherical equivalent refraction measure. Information on socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, educational qualifications and accommodation tenure) was reported at the time of recruitment by questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Results Fifty four percent of participants aged 40–69 years had refractive error. Specifically 27% had myopia (4% high myopia), which was more common amongst younger people, those of higher socio-economic status, higher educational attainment, or of White or Chinese ethnicity. The frequency of hypermetropia increased with age (7% at 40–44 years increasing to 46% at 65–69 years), was higher in women and its severity was associated with ethnicity (moderate or high hypermetropia at least 30% less likely in non-White ethnic groups compared to White). Conclusions Refractive error is a significant public health issue for the UK and this study provides contemporary data on adults for planning services, health economic modelling and monitoring of secular trends. Further investigation of risk factors is necessary to inform strategies for prevention. There is scope to do this through the planned longitudinal extension of the UK Biobank study.
Increasing numbers of hepatic dendritic cells promote HMGB1‐mediated ischemia‐reperfusion injury

Endogenous ligands released from damaged cells, so‐called damage‐associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), activate innate signaling pathways including the TLRs. We have shown that hepatic, warm ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, generating local, noninfectious DAMPs, promotes inflammation, which is largely TLR4‐dependent. Here, we demonstrate that increasing dendritic cell (DC) numbers enhance inflammation and organ injury after hepatic I/R. High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a NF released by necrotic cells or secreted by stimulated cells, is one of a number of ligands promoting TLR4 reactivity. Augmentation of DC numbers in the liver with GM‐CSF hydrodynamic transfection significantly increased liver damage after I/R when compared with controls. TLR4 engagement on hepatic DC was required for the I/R‐induced injury, as augmentation of DC numbers in TLR4 mutant (C3H/HeJ) mice did not worsen hepatic damage. It is interesting that TLR4 expression was increased in hepatic DC following HMGB1 stimulation in vitro, suggesting a mechanism for the increased liver injury following I/R. It thus appears that functional TLR4 on DC is required for I/R‐induced injury. Furthermore, HMGB1 may direct the inflammatory responses mediated by DC, at least in part, by enhancing TLR4 expression and reactivity to it and other DAMPs.
Cartographie du risque naturel dans le monde. Etude comparative entre une approche d’ordre social et une approche d’ordre économique de la vulnérabilité

Depuis une vingtaine d'annees les catastrophes naturelles (C.N.) occupent une place importante dans nos esprits, dans les medias et sur la scene politique. Hier encore, jugees comme la manifestation de la colere de dieu ou de la fatalite, les progres scientifiques ont conduit a une rationalisation des modes de pensee qui nous rend moins tolerant vis-a-vis des catastrophes naturelles. Si de nombreuses etudes ont ete menees pour mieux cerner et comprendre les mecanismes qui engendrent de tels phenomenes, rares sont celles qui se sont interessees a une estimation globale du risque naturel a l'echelle de la planete, selon differentes approches de la vulnerabilite. Nous presentons, dans cet article, une etude comparative de l'estimation du niveau d'exposition au risque naturel de chaque pays a partir de deux approches de la vulnerabilite (sociale et economique) combinees a une approche probabiliste de l'alea naturel. Ce travail permet de faire ressortir l'existence d'inegalites entre les pays "riches" et les pays "pauvres" face au risque naturel en considerant l'aspect social de la vulnerabilite, alors que dans l'approche economique, la tendance s'inverse, mettant les pays "riches" parmi les pays les plus exposes au risque naturel.
"But one day she met this wonderful boy,he make her smile and believe in her self": : An Investigation into the Construction of Gender in School pupils' essays

This essay analysed how gender is established in students’ texts. The aim of the study was to find out if the students in a class in an upper secondary school were able to produce texts where female and male subjects were not influenced by prevailing gender roles. The analysis was based on Halliday’s Functional Grammar Theory. Furthermore, the results are interpreted in the light of the guidelines of the Curriculum and the Education Act. To fulfil the aim of this essay 32 texts were analysed from the extra linguistic factor of gender. The linguistic factors examined were verbs (dynamic/stative, transitive/intransitive), if the subjects function as actors or not were the factors used to establish if there is a difference between how females and males are represented in the texts. Furthermore the use of adjectives, nouns and predicatives modifying the grammatical subjects were also taken in consideration in the analysis. The hypothesis was based on a previous study made on the teaching book Blueprint A and the results from this current study were compared to the results from that study. The study finds that in the texts examined females are established as more stative than males and because of that it is possible to draw conclusions that the teaching book can influence the student in their writing but also that school not always uphold the goals of the Curriculum and the Education Act in the issue regarding gender equality.
Deep Auto-Encoding for Context-Aware Inference of Preferred Items' Categories

Context-aware systems enable the sensing and analysis of user context in order to provide personalized services to users. We observed that it is possible to automatically learn contextual factors and behavioral patterns when users interact with the system. We later utilize the learned patterns to infer contextual user interests within a recommender system. We present a novel context-aware model for detecting users' preferred items’ categories using an unsupervised deep learning technique applied to mobile sensor data. We train an auto-encoder for each item genre, using contextual data that was obtained when users interacted with the system. Given new contextual sensor data from a user, the discovered patterns from each auto-encoder are used to predict the category of items that should be recommended to the user in the given context. In order to collect rich contextual data, we conducted an extensive field study over a period of four weeks with a group of ninety users. The analysis reveals significant insights regarding the inference of different granularity levels of categories that are available within the data.
Arthritis associated with hidradenitis suppurativa.

OBJECTIVE--To review the presentation and clinical findings of arthritis associated with hidradenitis suppurativa. METHOD--Medical records from the rheumatology clinics of two major teaching hospitals were reviewed for arthritis and hidradenitis suppurativa. The nine patient records fulfilling these criteria were reviewed and compared with 20 previous reports. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION--The arthritis associated with hidradenitis suppurativa is rare and most commonly affects the peripheral joints. The axial skeleton is less frequently involved and is often asymptomatic.
Calcium metabolism of hens secreting heavy or light egg shells.

Abstract DESPITE the extensive studies on egg shells there is little information on the calcium metabolism parameters of birds producing heavy shells versus those producing light shells. Such information is available on plasma alkaline phosphatase (Gutowska et al., 1943), and limited data on the calcium balance (Tyler, 1957). The blood calcium may be considered as at least part of a calcium pool with entries and exits out of this pool and mixing within the pool. The entries into the pool are absorbed calcium, and bone resorption. The exits out of the pool are shell deposition, bone formation, urinary calcium and endogenous fecal calcium. Decreased entries into the pool, such as decreased calcium absorption, Va, may lead to reduced shell deposition, (Hurwitz and Bar, 1966). Similarly, decreased shell deposition may be caused by reduced bone resorption. This would mean that the bone turnover rate may be important in determining the rate of .
Roles of mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors in spinal and supraspinal mediation of gastrointestinal transit effects and hot-plate analgesia in the mouse.

The opioid receptors involved in the mediation of thermal analgesia (55 degrees C hot-plate) and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit at the spinal and supraspinal levels were studied in unanesthetized mice. Five receptor-selective compounds were evaluated for effectiveness in eliciting analgesia and inhibiting transit after both i.c. v. and intrathecal administration; these included the proposed mu agonist, [D-Ala2, N-methyl-Phe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO), the proposed delta agonists, [D-Pen2, L-Pen5]enkephalin (DPLPE), [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) (conformationally constrained delta selective enkephalin analogs) and [D-Thr2, Thr6, Leu5]enkephalin (DTTLE), and the proposed kappa agonist, trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]- benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate (U-50,488H), as well as the nonselective mu-acting agonist, morphine. All compounds were found to produce analgesia after i.c. v. administration; the rank order of potency by the i.c. v. route was DAGO greater than DTTLE greater than morphine greater than DPLPE greater than DPDPE greater than U-50,488H. The analgesic effectiveness of most of these agonists given i.c. v. was evident for up to 40 min, with only DTTLE and U-50,488H having briefer time courses. Similarly, all the compounds produced analgesic responses after intrathecal administration, with the rank order of potency by this route being DTTLE greater than morphine greater than DAGO greater than DPLPE greater than DPDPE greater than U-50,488H, and all compounds (except U-50,488H) had durations of action of up to 20 to 40 min. These agonists also inhibited gastrointestinal transit after intrathecal administration, with a rank order of potency of DAGO greater than DTTLE greater than DPLPE greater than morphine greater than DPDPE greater than U-50,488H. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cbl-b Negatively Regulates B Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling in Mature B Cells through Ubiquitination of the Tyrosine Kinase Syk

Members of the Cbl family of molecular adaptors play key roles in regulating tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling in a variety of cellular systems. Here we provide evidence that in B cells Cbl-b functions as a negative regulator of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling during the normal course of a response. In B cells from Cbl-b–deficient mice cross-linking the BCRs resulted in sustained phosphorylation of Igα, Syk, and phospholipase C (PLC)-γ2, leading to prolonged Ca2+ mobilization, and increases in extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and surface expression of the activation marker, CD69. Image analysis following BCR cross-linking showed sustained polarization of the BCRs into large signaling-active caps associated with phosphorylated Syk in Cbl-b–deficient B cells in contrast to the BCRs in Cbl-b–expressing B cells that rapidly proceeded to form small, condensed, signaling inactive caps. Significantly, prolonged phosphorylation of Syk correlated with reduced ubiquitination of Syk indicating that Cbl-b negatively regulates BCR signaling by targeting Syk for ubiquitination.
Aging Versus Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Bone Composition and Maturation Kinetics at Actively‐Forming Trabecular Surfaces of Female Subjects Aged 1 to 84 Years

Bone strength depends on the amount of bone, typically expressed as bone mineral density (BMD), determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), and on bone quality. Bone quality is a multifactorial entity including bone structural and material compositional properties. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether bone material composition properties at actively‐forming trabecular bone surfaces in health are dependent on subject age, and to contrast them with postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. To achieve this, we analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy iliac crest biopsy samples from healthy subjects aged 1.5 to 45.7 years, paired biopsy samples from females before and immediately after menopause aged 46.7 to 53.6 years, and biopsy samples from placebo‐treated postmenopausal osteoporotic patients aged 66 to 84 years. The monitored parameters were as follows: the mineral/matrix ratio; the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC); nanoporosity; the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content; the lipid content; and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content. The results indicate that these bone quality parameters in healthy, actively‐forming trabecular bone surfaces are dependent on subject age at constant tissue age, suggesting that with advancing age the kinetics of maturation (either accumulation, or posttranslational modifications, or both) change. For most parameters, the extrapolation of models fitted to the individual age dependence of bone in healthy individuals was in rough agreement with their values in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients, except for MMC, lipid, and Pyd content. Among these three, Pyd content showed the greatest deviation between healthy aging and disease, highlighting its potential to be used as a discriminating factor. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sign realized jump risk and the cross-section of stock returns: Evidence from China's stock market

Using 5-minute high frequency data from the Chinese stock market, we employ a non-parametric method to estimate Fama-French portfolio realized jumps and investigate whether the estimated positive, negative and sign realized jumps could forecast or explain the cross-sectional stock returns. The Fama-MacBeth regression results show that not only have the realized jump components and the continuous volatility been compensated with risk premium, but also that the negative jump risk, the positive jump risk and the sign jump risk, to some extent, could explain the return of the stock portfolios. Therefore, we should pay high attention to the downside tail risk and the upside tail risk.
Generation of blue chrysanthemums by anthocyanin B-ring hydroxylation and glucosylation and its coloration mechanism

Coexpression of two anthocyanin modification genes elicits blue flower coloration through interaction with colorless flavonoids. Various colored cultivars of ornamental flowers have been bred by hybridization and mutation breeding; however, the generation of blue flowers for major cut flower plants, such as roses, chrysanthemums, and carnations, has not been achieved by conventional breeding or genetic engineering. Most blue-hued flowers contain delphinidin-based anthocyanins; therefore, delphinidin-producing carnation, rose, and chrysanthemum flowers have been generated by overexpression of the gene encoding flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), the key enzyme for delphinidin biosynthesis. Even so, the flowers are purple/violet rather than blue. To generate true blue flowers, blue pigments, such as polyacylated anthocyanins and metal complexes, must be introduced by metabolic engineering; however, introducing and controlling multiple transgenes in plants are complicated processes. We succeeded in generating blue chrysanthemum flowers by introduction of butterfly pea UDP (uridine diphosphate)–glucose:anthocyanin 3′,5′-O-glucosyltransferase gene, in addition to the expression of the Canterbury bells F3′5′H. Newly synthesized 3′,5′-diglucosylated delphinidin-based anthocyanins exhibited a violet color under the weakly acidic pH conditions of flower petal juice and showed a blue color only through intermolecular association, termed “copigmentation,” with flavone glucosides in planta. Thus, we achieved the development of blue color by a two-step modification of the anthocyanin structure. This simple method is a promising approach to generate blue flowers in various ornamental plants by metabolic engineering.
Numerical stability of fast trigonometric and orthogonal wavelet transforms

Fast trigonometric transforms and periodic orthogonal wavelet transforms are essential tools for numerous practical applications. It is very important that fast algorithms work stable in a ﬂoating point arithmetic. This survey paper presents recent results on the worst case analysis of roundoﬀ errors occurring in ﬂoating point computation of fast Fourier transforms, fast cosine transforms, and periodic orthogonal wavelet transforms. All these algorithms realize matrix-vector products with unitary matrices. The results are mainly based on a factorization of a unitary matrix into a product of sparse, almost unitary matrices. It is shown that under certain conditions fast trigonometric and periodic orthogonal wavelet transforms can be remarkably stable.
Tweakable Blockciphers for Efficient Authenticated Encryptions with Beyond the Birthday-Bound Security

Modular design via a tweakable blockcipher (TBC) offers efficient authenticated encryption (AE) schemes (with associated data) that call a blockcipher once for each data block (of associated data or a plaintext). However, the existing efficient blockcipher-based TBCs are secure up to the birthday bound, where the underlying keyed blockcipher is a secure strong pseudorandom permutation. Existing blockcipher-based AE schemes with beyond-birthday-bound (BBB) security are not efficient, that is, a blockcipher is called twice or more for each data block. In this paper, we present a TBC, XKX, that offers efficient blockcipher-based AE schemes with BBB security, by combining with efficient TBC-based AE schemes such as ΘCB3 and
How Does Language Familiarity Influence Stuttering under Delayed Auditory Feedback?

The purpose of the experiment was to determine how language familiarity affects stuttering under delayed auditory feedback (DAF). In one condition we compared DAF interference in German-English bilinguals speaking their more and less familiar languages. A language familiarity effect was found: the bilinguals spoke faster and stuttered less under DAF when speaking their more familiar language. This effect was independent of both delay time and language spoken. Moreover, the slower rate in the less familiar language could not explain the language familiarity effect since instructing Ss to slow down their rate of speech decreased rather than increased their stuttering. A second condition showed that the language familiarity effect was not due to paying more attention to feedback in the less familiar language. Rather, practice or experience in producing the motor organization of speech seemed to underlie the effect of language familiarity.
The hype, myths, and realities of testing 3D integrated circuits

Three-dimensional (3D) integration using through-silicon vias (TSVs) promises higher integration levels in a single package, keeping pace with Moore's law. Despite the promise and benefits offered by 3D integration, testing remains a major obstacle that hinders its widespread adoption. This paper examines the hype, myths, and realities of 3D IC testing. We describe a number of testing and DfT challenges, and present some solutions being advocated for the challenges of “What to Test”, “How to Test”, and “When to Test”. Techniques highlighted in this paper include: (i) testing of the silicon interposer; (ii) pre-bond TSV testing; (iii) cost modeling and test-flow selection; (iv) a reconfigurable built-in self-test infrastructure.