Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
differ-Increasing linseed supply in dairy cow diets based on hay or corn silage: Effect on enteric methane emission, rumen microbial fermentation, and digestion

We investigated the effects of increasing extruded linseed supply in diets based on hay (H; experiment 1) or corn silage (CS; experiment 2) on enteric methane (CH 4 ) emission, rumen microbial and fermentation parameters, and rumen and total-tract digestibility. In each experiment, 4 lactating Holstein cows fitted with cannulas at the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design (28-d periods). Cows were fed ad libitum a diet [50:50 and 60:40 forage:concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis for experiments 1 and 2, respectively] without supplementation (H0, CS0) or supplemented with extruded linseed at 5% (H5, CS5), 10% (H10, CS10), and 15% (H15, CS15) of dietary DM (i.e., 1.8, 3.6 and 5.4% total fatty acids added, respectively). All measurements were carried out during the last 8 d of each period. Linseed supply linearly decreased daily CH 4 emission in cows fed H diets (from 486 to 289 g/d for H0 to H15, on average) and CS diets (from 354 to 207 g/d for CS0 to CS15, on average). The average decrease in CH 4 per kilogram of DM intake was, respectively, −7, −15, and −38% for H5, H10, H15 compared with the H0 diet, and −4, −8, and −34% for CS5, CS10, and CS15 compared with the CS0 diet. The same dose-response effect was observed on CH 4 emission in percent of gross energy intake, per kilogram of nutrient digested, and per kilogram of 4% fat-and 3.3% protein-corrected milk (FPCM) in both experiments. Changes in the composition of rumen volatile fatty acids in response to increasing linseed supply resulted in a moderate or marked linear decrease in acetate:propionate ratio for H or CS diets, respectively. The depressive effect of linseed on total protozoa concentration was linear for H diets (−15 to −40%, on average, for H5 to H15 compared with H0) and quadratic for CS diets (−17 to −83%, on average, for CS5 to CS15 compared with CS0). Concentration of methanogens was similar among H or CS diets. The energetic benefits from the decreased CH 4 emission with linseed supply in diets based on hay or corn silage did not improve digestibility or milk yield. Milk efficiency (kg of FPCM/kg of DM intake) was improved with lin-seed supply up to H10 in H diets and was unchanged in CS diets. Lower CH 4 enteric emission from dairy cows fed linseed helps limit the environmental footprint of ruminant livestock.
Inclusion4EU: Fostering Inclusive Technological Thinking for Software Design and Development

Digital technology is now pervasive, however, not all groups have uniformly benefitted from technological changes and some groups have been left behind or digitally excluded. Comprehensive data from the 2017 Current Population Survey shows that older people and persons with disabilities still lag behind in computer and internet access. Furthermore unique ethical, privacy and safety implications exist for the use of technology for older persons and people with disabilities and careful reflection is required to incorporate these aspects, which are not always part of a traditional software lifecycle. In this paper we present the Inclusion4EU project that aims to co-design a new framework, guidelines and checklists for inclusive software design and development with end-users from excluded categories, academics with expertise in human-computer interaction and industry practitioners from software engineering. The framework can be used by educators in Computer Science and related disciplines to teach software design and development methodologies in a more inclusive way that considers the diversity of end-users for software products and services.
STM32 Based Solar Wireless Charging Station for EVs

Wireless charging devices do not require any physical connections to send electricity from a source to a load. WPTs are appealing for many industrial applications because they provide advantages over their wired equivalents, such as the elimination of exposed wires, ease of charging, and fearless power transfer in hazardous environments. Many firms are working to build and improve numerous similar topologies because they want to use WPTs (Wireless Power Transfer Systems) to replenish an electric vehicle's (EV) onboard batteries. WPT is enabled via a moderate inductive connection between each transmitter and receiver. Transmitter coils are buried in the ground for EV charging applications, while receiver coils are installed in cars. Because of its higher efficiency, resonant inductive WPT is commonly employed for medium-high power transfer applications such as EV charging. WPT technology is being used to charge an electric car that is being used as a test subject for on-board batteries. The electric automobile is powered by two in-wheel motors in the rear wheels, each capable of producing up to 4 kW, and four series-connected 12V, 100A VRLA batteries. Three main stages were included in the effort; the first step involved doing an overview of wired EV battery chargers and charging methodologies. A set of defined Figures of Merit (FOM) is used to describe resonant WPTs to changes in resistive load and coupling coefficient. The history of several WPT technologies is then examined. In the second stage, the WPT system for the study case was created. In the third stage, a WPT system prototype has been built and put through testing. The WPT system is designed after evaluating each section's specific parameters and estimating how system parameters effect performance.
Tracking Trajectories: Charting Changes of Late Archaic Shell Ring Formation and Use

For the past fifty years the shell rings of the North American, southeastern, Late Archaic period, have been a continuous object of archaeological research. They have been studied within contexts of the initial creation and use of ceramics in North America, mounding and monumentality of hunter-gatherers, early sedentism and social complexity, forager feasting, ritual, and ceremonialism, and human-environment interactions. The aim of this project was to bring together the cumulative data generated by this continuous research focus and centralize it within a single database, the Late Archaic Shell Rings Repository. In utilizing this consolidated data set, it is possible to track and map, both chronologically and geographically, behavioral traditions surrounding the shell rings. This analysis posits that there are three discernable, overarching, behavioral trajectories within the shell rings of the Late Archaic period: an early, Floridian/Gulf Coastal trajectory of an open ended, large scale, social mounding tradition; a middle Savannah River centered, proto-sedentary, freshwater shell mounding, initial ceramics producing trajectory, the Stallings culture; and a subsequent Atlantic Coastal tradition that possesses a stricter maintenance of social practices that have smaller and more circular shell rings and that incorporates the social behaviors of the shell ring building trajectory and the initial ceramic using trajectory. In collecting these data together, this analysis also is able to highlight the existing gaps within the data from the shell rings, with the aim of helping to pinpoint foci for
Protecting Vulnerable Road Users: Semantic Video Analysis for Accident Prediction

Pedestrians and cyclists are some of the most vulnerable, but also least predictable traffic participants. Due to their ability to move in urban environments with high degrees of freedom and sudden changes of direction, their movement is still challenging to predict. We present a driver assistance system that tackles some of these challenges. Our system consists of a world model made of a variational autoencoder and a long short-term memory network. The world model takes vision and action data from the perspective of the vulnerable traffic participant and generates a visual prediction (image) of their environment up to one second in advance. The second part of our system is a transformer-based description system that takes the predicted perceptions and here, as a showcase, abstracts them down to a textual warning if a collision between car and vulnerable traffic participant seems imminent. Our description system helps contextualize the dangerous situation for the driver and could be extended to other driver assistance systems, such as blind spot detection. We evaluate our system on a dataset generated in simulations using CARLA.
Horizontal Ridge Augmentation in Class III Alveolus Defect According to the Elian and Tarnow Classification

Guided bone regeneration (ROG) is the process of reconstructing bone defects. The size of the alveolar ridge can be affected by loss of alveolar bone due to trauma or periodontal disease. In this case report, horizontal ridge augmentation with a xenograft and resorbable collagen membrane was used to restore anterior bone loss in a 69-year-old patient with stage IV generalized periodontitis, stage B periodontitis and stage III alveolar defects according to Elian and Tarnow. Treatment consisted of the extraction of the affected teeth. The results obtained over six months showed an increase in the horizontal ridge of 4.8 mm, demonstrating the efficacy of ROG in alveolar defects. Finally, the results of this case highlight the potential of ROG for horizontal flanges.
The new CREWES/FRP seismic modeling system - an update

A new physical modelling seismic system is currently being installed in the basement of the Earth Sciences building, at the University of Calgary. The system is designed to carry out simulated seismic surveys over scaled-down earth models. This third-generation system is designed for greater accuracy and flexibility, allowing it to be used for 2-D, 3D, OBC, marine streamer, vertical cable, and VSP surveys in both single- and multicomponent configurations. The system has six axes of motion, with independent travel for the source and receiver transducers in each of the X, Y and Z planes. The system is currently being assembled and when completed will have positioning accuracy of ±45 µm over 1.2 m.
Pix2PixHD-Based Generation of SEM Image in the ETCH Domain by SEM Image of LITHO Domain

In semiconductor manufacturing, a forward etching process model that can accurately predict the pattern transformation from post-lithography (ADI) to post-etch (AEI) is greatly desired. However, current etching model is etch bias based, it is unable to offer rich information as the SEM image does for engineers to do wafer disposition. We propose an AEI image generation model using the Pix2PixHD. It can generate AEI images corresponding to ADI images. Experimental results demonstrate that our generated images achieve a SSIM of 96.7% and a MSSIM of 94.2% when compared to AEI images. Therefore, Our method can generate AEI images with a high resolution of (1024, 1024) and meet the requirements of applications.
Ultra-Compact Fiber Refractive Index Probe Based on 3D Printed Fiber-Tip Dual-Ring Interferometer

We proposed a novel ultra-compact fiber refractive index (RI) probe based on a dual-ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The sensor was directly 3D printed on the fiber tip using femtosecond laser induced two-photon polymerization (TPP) technology. Up to 17 dB fringe contrast with sharp resonance dip is achieved, which ensures high measurement resolution. In addition, thanks to the very thin diameter of the fabricated ring waveguides, large evanescent field will be generated around the waveguides, which will contribute to a strong interaction between the transmitting light and the surrounding matter. As a result, up to 868.1nm/RIU refractive index sensitivity is obtained within the refractive index range of 1.33-1.357. The proposed ultra-compact refractive index probe sensor offers great potential for applications in the biochemical field.
MPPT-Based Model Predictive Control for Split Source PV Inverters

The paper proposes a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) based Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for photovoltaic (PV) fed grid-connected Split Source Inverters (SSI). The split source inverters offer both input voltage boosting and DC/AC conversion capabilities with a single power stage. Therefore, the DC side voltage and output current need to be controlled for the proper operation of the SSI. Furthermore, MPPT is essential for grid-connected PV inverters to extract maximum power from the solar. To achieve these objectives, the Perturb and Observe MPPT (PO-MPPT) algorithm generates the input current reference of the SSI. The proposed MPC approach is responsible for controlling the input and output currents of the SSI. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach is investigated by simulation studies performed on MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results reveal that the proposed approach successfully regulates the DC side voltage and output current with the MPPT capability. Moreover, the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the transferred grid current is under the recognized limits by the standards.
Toward Remote Control Center for Marine Operation: A Case Study of R/V Gunnerus

Today, with the rapid development of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things and digital twins, remote management of ship operations has promising prospects. In this paper, we present a remote control center solution, with an emphasis on sensor data collection, transmission, storage and representation. A research vessel named R/V Gunnerus is used a test bed. Taking advantage of onboard sensor data transmitted by MQTT and saved into local database, a dashboard is designed and developed to monitor marine operation and provide decision support in real time, and playback historical operations. Three case studies including real-time crane operation monitoring, ship docking replay, and ship motion prediction show that the proposed solution is effective in remote ship management.
Accurate and Efficient Optical Fiber WDM Transmission Modeling Using the Encoder-Only Transformer with Feature Decoupling Distributed Method

As the field of optical communication approaches the threshold of spectrum efficiency, the optical fiber transmission system adopts an increased number of Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) channels to achieve higher system capacity. Nonetheless, the classical split-step Fourier method (SSFM) for simulations in wide-band scenarios incurs substantial time consumption, thus constraining its potential applications in system evaluation and design. To overcome this limitation, we propose an innovative approach utilizing an encoder-only Transformer model with the feature decoupling distributed scheme and training using multi-span datasets for optical fiber channel modeling in the WDM scenarios. Our proposed model demonstrates excellent scalability, particularly well-suited for long-haul WDM transmission. In addition, the model yields a notable 1.44 dB improvement in the modeling Q factor performance for 21-channel 1200 km transmissions, outperforming the conventional BiLSTM approach. Moreover, the implementation achieves high efficiency, with a running time merely equivalent to 0.3% of the SSFM. Our methodology showcases high accuracy and effectiveness in facilitating research on WDM long-haul transmission systems.
RLS-LCD: An Efficient Loop Closure Detection for Rotary-LiDAR Scans

Loop closure detection (LCD) is a crucial technology within the field of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), aiming to mitigate cumulative errors and maintain a globally consistent map. Traditional fixed-Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scans have demonstrated reliable LCD performance when employing global descriptors. However, for rotary-LiDAR scans, these methods fall short in place recognition due to significant view-angle changes. To address this challenge, we propose a novel LCD algorithm tailored for rotary-LiDAR scans, named RLS-LCD. Our RLS-LCD approach utilizes submap-based recognition and a novel lightweight global descriptor to mitigate the impact of large view-angle changes inherent to rotary-LiDAR scans. Additionally, we adopt a coarse-to-fine (C2F) recognition strategy to enhance recall and precision of place recognition in similar structure scenes. The experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate that the RLS-LCD algorithm not only outperforms the contemporary LCD methodologies reliant on global descriptors but also exhibits the capability to execute in real time on computing platforms with limited computational resources.
A Novel Thermo-Optic Phase Shifter Based on Anti-Symmetric Bragg Grating

Thermooptic phase shifter (TOPS) plays an important role in the silicon photonics integrated circuits. In this article, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a novel TOPS based on the anti-symmetric Bragg grating (ASBG). By using the ASBG and anti-directional coupler, the overlap integral of light field and thermal field is increased by three times. The TOPS has been fabricated on CUMEC's standard CSiP180Al and CSiP130Cu silicon photonics platform. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the TOPS is about $6.75\text{mW}/\pi$, which is only about a third of the conventional TOPS. At the same time, the rise time and drop time are only 7.1 $\mu\mathrm{s}$ and 9.7 $\mu\mathrm{s}$. The proposed TOPS based on the ASBG paves the way for a high efficiency TOPS for the silicon photonics integrated circuits without sacrificing the switching time.
Effects of Different Organic-Matter Sources On Estimates of Atmospheric and Soil pCO2 Using Pedogenic Carbonate

Abstract Carbon isotope analysis of paleosol carbonates is one of the most widely used methods for producing quantitative estimates of CO2 levels in the ancient atmosphere, and is increasingly used to estimate soil pCO2 as a proxy for primary productivity. Recent efforts to improve the carbonate CO2 paleobarometer by refining input parameters (e.g., soil temperature, soil CO2 production function) have yielded more accurate estimates of ancient atmospheric pCO2. The carbonate CO2 paleobarometer is especially sensitive to input values for the carbon-isotope composition of soil organic matter (OM), which should ideally reflect the δ13C value of OM present when pedogenic carbonates were forming. Published soil pCO2 estimates derived from pedogenic carbonate in Upper Jurassic paleosols are re-evaluated here using OM occluded within pedogenic carbonates rather than average values of fossilized plant material collected throughout the sampled stratigraphic sections. The new soil pCO2 estimates calculated using occluded OM range from 4,600 to 20,000 ppmV and are much lower than the previously published estimates, which were often in excess of 60,000 ppmV. In order to determine which OM source provides more accurate results, estimates of atmospheric pCO2 obtained using plant material and occluded OM from a carbonate-bearing modern soil are compared with measured, pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 levels. In the modern soil profile, plant OM δ13C is highly variable and slightly more negative than the δ13C of occluded OM. The observed ∼ 1‰ offset between the average δ13C values of plant material and occluded OM is much less than the overall range of ∼ 6‰ in plant OM. Estimates of atmospheric pCO2 from the modern soil that are calculated using occluded OM differ by less than 100 ppmV, on average, from estimates based on plant OM. These results suggest that occluded OM produces reasonably accurate pCO2 estimates when used with the carbonate CO2 paleobarometer. Applying a −1‰ correction to the δ13C of occluded OM also produces accurate pCO2 estimates, but the extreme variability in δ13C of plant matter leads to inaccurate pCO2 estimates, even when samples are averaged.
Novel Design of Metamaterial Inspired Substrate for Compact Dual Band Stacked Patch Antenna

A novel approach for designing Metamaterial (MTM) based substrates for Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna (SMPA) has been analyzed with an aim to design most compact antenna ever resonating at dual band frequencies in L5 and S band. The reported antenna has a miniaturized electric size of $50\ \text{mm}^{\ast}\ 50\ \text{mm}^{\ast}9.69\ \text{mm}(0.196\lambda 0 \times 0.196 \lambda 0\times 0.038 \lambda 0)$ making it suitable for compact antenna to be used in IoT devices and/or as Global Navigational Satellite system (GNSS) receivers. The cross polar discrimination (XPD) value of 16 dB and 12 dB at L5 & S band respectively provide reliable circular polarization (CP) operation with global bandwidth of 30 MHz at both frequency bands. The design of SMPA over traditional substrate, over Reactive Impedance Surface (RIS) substrate and over substrate with MTM inclusion have been compared in term of radiation performance and in context to antenna size for targeted frequency bands.
Musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) in female office workers: An exploratory investigation

Abstract: Predictors associated with musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) are multi-factorial, including physical, psychosocial, and individual factors. However, with most of the studies on musculoskeletal disorders being undertaken in developed countries; it is plausible that the findings might not be relevant due to differences in work culture and organizational practices in various developing countries. Given this, the current study aimed to examine the prevalence rate of MSD among female office workers in public organizations. A questionnaire survey was employed to measure job satisfaction, work-life balance, mental health, and MSD levels among female office workers (N=333) from four public sector organizations. The 6 months MSD prevalence was 93.4% (95%CI = 90.9-95.8%). Besides, the most frequently experienced MSD among participants in this present study was on the neck/shoulder (92%), lower back (87.5%), lower extremity (82.4%), and hand/fingers (75%). The findings suggested that female office workers in Malaysia did experience MSD and suffer from it in various body regions. In addition, the results further demonstrate the need to develop MSD risk management in the workplace, particularly among female office workers. Nevertheless, further examination of MSD in various types of occupations that employed women to minimize MSD at the workplace is also needed.
Smartphone Based Food Classification: Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects for Diabetics

Diabetes has become a global health concern, posing risk to millions of individuals. Managing dietary consumption is crucial for the overall health of diabetic patients. Traditional methods of monitoring food intake can be tedious and unreliable. However, computer vision-based solutions, such as image-based food recognition systems (FIRS) using mobile cameras, offer automated and efficient ways to track food intake. This systematic review examines mobile computer vision approaches for food classification, volume estimation, and calorific measurement. Besides, the study discusses the potential integration of Glycemic Index estimation to FIRS to benefit diabetic patients. Future directions and issues related to FIRS are also explored.