Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medical Image Analysis – A Review

— In this survey work various automatic detection methods of microcalcifications and brain tumor through mammograms and MRI has been studied and compared for the period of more than two decades. This is used to focus on the future of developments of medical image processing in medicine and healthcare. We have described several methods in medical image processing and to discussed requirements and properties of techniques in tumor detection. This work is used to give more information about tumor detection and segmentation. I. INTRODUCTION In this chapter, methods of automatic detection of tumour in digitized MRI and mammograms used in various stages of intelligent systems for detection of masses and brain tumour are summarized and compared. In particular, the preprocessing and enhancement, segmentation algorithms, feature extraction, selection and classification, classifiers, receiver operating characteristics curve analysis and their performance are studied and compared.
A Standard Cell Implementation of a Phased Logic CPU

This paper describes an asynchronous design tool flow known as Phased Logic that converts a clocked design into an asynchronous design implemented as a micropipeline using two-phase control and bundled data signaling. Example designs include variations of a double-precision floating point clipping operation mapped to UMC 0. 18μ and Artisan /IBM 0. 13μ standard cell libraries, and a five-stage pipelined MIPs-compatible integer unit mapped to the Artisan/IBM 0. 13μ library. The design styles includes a feature known as early evaluation, which is a generalized form of bypass, that allows the self-timed design to recover some of the inherent latch delay penalty in micropipelines.
A framework for low-complexity signal recovery and its application to structured sparsity

We study the problem of estimating an unknown vector from noisy underdetermined observations, with recovery guarantees. In such context, a regularity model on the unknown is needed to obtain recovery guarantees. We show that we can guarantee the recovery of generic models (cones) with the minimization of an arbitrary regularizer subject to a data-fit constraint (generalized robust basis pursuit) under a restricted isometry property (RIP) hypothesis on the observations. In the classical cases of sparse vectors and low rank matrix recovery, our framework yields sharp recovery guarantees. For the more refined model of structured sparsity in levels, our framework extends and improves existing RIP recovery guarantees.
Magnetic activity and hot Jupiters of young Suns: The weak-line T Tauri stars V819 Tau and V830 Tau

We report results of a spectropolarimetric and photometric monitoring of the weak-line T Tauri stars (wTTSs) V819 Tau and V830 Tau within the MaTYSSE (Magnetic Topologies of Young Stars and the Survival of close-in giant Exoplanets) programme, involving the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. At similar or equal to 3 Myr, both stars dissipated their discs recently and are interesting objects for probing star and planet formation. Profile distortions and Zeeman signatures are detected in the unpolarized and circularly polarized lines, whose rotational modulation we modelled using tomographic imaging, yielding brightness and magnetic maps for both stars. We find that the large-scale magnetic fields of V819 Tau and V830 Tau are mostly poloidal and can be approximated at large radii by 350-400 G dipoles tilted at similar or equal to 30 degrees to the rotation axis. They are significantly weaker than the field of GQ Lup, an accreting classical T Tauri star (cTTS) with similar mass and age which can be used to compare the magnetic properties of wTTSs and cTTSs. The reconstructed brightness maps of both stars include cool spots and warm plages. Surface differential rotation is small, typically similar or equal to 4.4 times smaller than on the Sun, in agreement with previous results on wTTSs. Using our Doppler images to model the activity jitter and filter it out from the radial velocity (RV) curves, we obtain RV residuals with dispersions of 0.033 and 0.104 km s(-1) for V819 Tau and V830 Tau, respectively. RV residuals suggest that a hot Jupiter may be orbiting V830 Tau, though additional data are needed to confirm this preliminary result. We find no evidence for close-in giant planet around V819 Tau.
Cancelable iris template generation using look-up table mapping

One of the potential passiveness in a biometric system is the invasion of stored biometric template, which may lead to serious security and privacy thefts. The emerging need of biometric approaches is evolved from privacy invasion and irrevocable issues of identity thefts as passwords and tokens can be easily compromised. To address these issues, the notion of cancelable biometrics is introduced to signify biometric templates that can be canceled and replaced with the inclusion of another independent authentication factor. Cancelable biometric generation technique based on randomized look-up table mapping has been proposed in this paper. The technique uses a decimal vector, which is evaluated from a row vector. Row vector is generated by applying 1-D Log Gabor filter on the raw iris template. The decimal vector is then mapped to look-up table based on the position of bits. The proposed approach enables an operation of cancelable iris biometric systems at a high security level. Experiments which are carried out on the CASIA V3 Interval iris database confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Although, the accuracy of the proposed approach is confirmed as 94.26% but the approach is efficient if we consider the security and non-revocable perspectives.
An analysis of the mean theta phase of population activity in a model of hippocampal region CA1

In a recent study, showed that CA1 population spiking activity differs in mean phase between conditions of exposure to stimuli of varying levels of familiarity. Here, we provide an analysis of a computational model of the hippocampus from to examine how an animal's history of exposures to stimuli affects CA1 population activity. We show how the model can reproduce the major findings from the study by Manns et al. Specifically, we show that differences in direction and magnitude of the mean phase of population activity between two stimuli in the model depend on the order of presentation of the stimuli and the duration of exposure during each presentation. The analyses also reveal that the model's learning rule results in stability and normalization of synaptic weights and show how dysfunction of neuromodulatory systems might lead to epileptic or amnestic type conditions.
Foreign Direct Investment, Agglomerations, and Demonstration Effects: An Empirical Investigation.: An Empirical Investigation.

Foreign direct investment, agglomerations and demonstration effects : an empirical investigation Authors(s) Barry, Frank, Görg, Holger, Strobl, Eric Publication date 2001-03 Publication information Barry, Frank, Holger Görg, and Eric Strobl. “Foreign Direct Investment, Agglomerations and Demonstration Effects : An Empirical Investigation” (March, 2001). Series UCD Centre for Economic Research Working Paper Series, W01/04 Publisher University College Dublin. School of Economics Item record/more information http://hdl.handle. net/10197/1317
Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection with Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer

Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus whose primary infection causes mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, autoimmune diseases, and gastric cancer (GC). The persistent infection causes malignancies in lymph and epithelial cells. Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis in human with chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to be the cause of genomic instability. About 45%-word population have a probability of having both pathogens, namely, H. pylori and EBV. Approximately 180 per hundred thousand population is developing GC along with many gastric abnormalities. This makes GC the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although lots of research are carried out individually for EBV and H. pylori, still there are very few reports available on coinfection of both pathogens. Recent studies suggested that EBV and H. pylori coinfection increases the occurrence of GC as well as the early age of GC detection comparing to individual infection. The aim of this review is to present status on coinfection of both pathogens and their association with GC.
Trastuzumab Emtansine: A Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is a novel HER2-directed antibody–drug conjugate. T-DM1 consists of the potent antimicrotubule agent DM1, linked via a noncleavable linker to the HER2-specific monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. Preclinical studies demonstrate that T-DM1 has dual mechanisms of action: selective delivery of DM1 to the HER2-positive (HER2+) tumor cell combined with trastuzumab's activation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and inhibition of HER2-mediated signal transduction. In phase II studies, T-DM1 was active in patients with trastuzumab- and lapatinib-refractory metastatic breast cancer and led to improved progression-free survival compared with the combination of trastuzumab and docetaxel in the first-line setting. In a recent phase III trial in patients with metastatic breast cancer who previously received trastuzumab and a taxane, T-DM1 resulted in improved progression-free and overall survival compared with capecitabine and lapatinib. T-DM1 is associated with a favorable toxicity profile; reversible thrombocytopenia and hepatic transaminase elevations are the only grade ≥3 adverse event present in 5% or more of patients. Alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, and neutropenia are distinctly uncommon. On the basis of its improved efficacy and toxicity compared with capecitabine/lapatinib, T-DM1 should be considered the standard for patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer who have previously progressed on trastuzumab and a taxane. Results from additional randomized studies in metastatic breast cancer are pending, and trials in the (neo)adjuvant setting are being initiated. Clin Cancer Res; 20(1); 15–20. ©2013 AACR.
The internet of toys

With the rapid expansion in ‘smart’, interconnected toys, what is being done to regulate, for example, the data they generate? Giovanna Mascheroni looks into some of the hopes and concerns surrounding the internet of toys. Giovanna is a Lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Universita Cattolica, Milan and visiting fellow in the Department of Media and Communications at the LSE. She part of the EU Kids Online research team and of the COST Action DigiLitEY.
A multicast applied task-role based access control for medical emergency environments

In medical emergency environments, there are two requirements for managing the information of the emergent patients. First, the information of patient is needed to be delivered to numerous medical staffs concurrently. Second, the information has to be prevented from the access of un-allowed person. The multicast is solution for the first requirement. However, the second requirement is complicated to solve with preceding researches, since several tasks exist in the medical emergency environment and the medical staffs are separated by role of them. Thus, we propose a framework for access control on multicast for medical emergency environments. With the proposed framework, the only necessary part of information can be delivered to only eligible users. The proposed mechanism achieves better security and efficiency in delivering the information.
Er sektorvalget også kønsopdelt blandt kvinder og mænd med samme uddannelse?: Is the choice of sector gender-segregated among women and men with the same educational background?

In examining whether choice of sector differs between men and women who have the same educational background, we find that job position differs systematically, with men more inclined than women to work in the private sector. For some types of education, the difference manifests itself right after completion of education, while for others this occurs only in subsequent years. According to our results, different (expectations about) sector-specific working conditions might be one of the explanations behind gender segregation in the labour market. The article builds on results from Larsen, Holt & Larsen (2016).
Location, location, location: how digital platforms reinforce the importance of spatial proximity

ABSTRACT Crowdfunding and other digital mechanisms have the potential to open up cultural production to a broader population. Adopting a spatial approach, we investigate the intermediating role platforms play as a means of considering the debate regarding the egalitarian potential of digital communication. We consider the extent to which platforms relax the tendencies towards the spatial clustering evident in the culture industries through an analysis of two practices: Kickstarter's ‘curated projects’ and ‘badged projects’, which provide some projects with additional promotion. We find that both types of recommended projects tend to cluster in cultural hubs and that they enjoy higher levels of funding than successful projects in general. Rather than relaxing physical constraints on cultural production, Internet platforms reinforce them. We suggest practical steps platforms can take to enhance the egalitarian potential of the markets they set up.
Cutting Edge: TGF-β Signaling Is Required for the In Vivo Expansion and Immunosuppressive Capacity of Regulatory CD4+CD25+ T Cells1

Data regarding the role of TGF-β for the in vivo function of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells (Treg) are controversial. A transgenic mouse model with impaired TGF-β signaling specifically in T cells was used to assess the role of endogenous TGF-β for the in vivo function of CD4+CD25+ Treg in a murine model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate. Transfer of wild-type, but not transgenic CD4+CD25+ Treg was found to suppress colitis in wild-type mice. In addition, by transferring CFSE-labeled CD4+CD25+ Treg we could demonstrate that endogenous TGF-β promotes the expansion of CD4+CD25+ Treg in vivo. Transgenic mice themselves developed reduced numbers of peripheral CD4+CD25+ Treg and were more susceptible to the induction of colitis, which could be prevented by the transfer of wild-type Treg. These data indicate that TGF-β signaling in CD4+CD25+ Treg is required for their in vivo expansion and suppressive capacity.
Pathobiology and Chemoprevention of Bladder Cancer

Our understanding of the pathogenesis of bladder cancer has improved considerably over the past decade. Translating these novel pathobiological discoveries into therapies, prevention, or strategies to manage patients who are suspected to have or who have been diagnosed with bladder cancer is the ultimate goal. In particular, the chemoprevention of bladder cancer development is important, since urothelial cancer frequently recurs, even if the primary cancer is completely removed. The numerous alterations of both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that have been implicated in bladder carcinogenesis represent novel targets for therapy and prevention. In addition, knowledge about these genetic alterations will help provide a better understanding of the biological significance of preneoplastic lesions of bladder cancer. Animal models for investigating bladder cancer development and prevention can also be developed based on these alterations. This paper summarizes the results of recent preclinical and clinical chemoprevention studies and discusses screening for bladder cancer.
Observation of the Pairing Gap in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas

We studied fermionic pairing in an ultracold two-component gas of 6Li atoms by observing an energy gap in the radio-frequency excitation spectra. With control of the two-body interactions through a Feshbach resonance, we demonstrated the dependence of the pairing gap on coupling strength, temperature, and Fermi energy. The appearance of an energy gap with moderate evaporative cooling suggests that our full evaporation brought the strongly interacting system deep into a superfluid state.
Wilson loop on a sphere

We give the formula for a simple Wilson loop on a sphere which is valid for an arbitrary QCD$_2$ saddle-point $\rho(x)$: \mbox{$W(A_1,A_2)=\oint \frac{dx}{2\pi i} \exp(\int dy \frac{\rho(y)}{y-x}+A_2x)$}. The strong-coupling-phase solution is investigated.
A Massive Cometary Cloud Associated with IC 1805

High-resolution, wide field imaging of 12CO, 21 cm line and continuum, and IRAS far-infrared emissions from the outer Galaxy have identified a massive cometary molecular cloud associated with IC 1805. The dense cloud is remnant molecular material within a large 102 pc cavity evacuated by the stellar winds and UV radiation field of the cluster O stars. A 37 pc long molecular tail points directly away from the sources of ionizing radiation and is likely due to the effective shielding of radiation by the dense gas and associated dust within the cometary head region. Maps of C18O J = 1-0 and CS J = 2-1 emissions are presented that constrain the column and mean volume densities within the cometary head region to 1022 cm-2 and 104 cm-3, respectively. A 1155 L☉ point source embedded within the dense gas of the cometary head region provides evidence for ongoing star formation that may have been triggered by shocks driven by the ionization front.
Performance characteristics of the right heart bypass preparation.

In eight dogs under morphine-barbital anesthesia, the right ventricle was replaced by a sigmamotor pump in order to study steady-state responses of circuit pressures to arbitrary variations in ‘right heart’ output. In the systemic circuit, it was found that arterial pressure (PAS, mm Hg) was a positive and venous pressure (PVS, mm Hg) a negative function of pump output (Q, cc/min). In the pulmonary circuit, both arterial (PAP) and left atrial (PLA) pressures were positive functions of pump output. Despite considerable variations in detail between animals, individual animal pressure-flow curves could all be represented to a reasonable degree of approximation by linear functions within the range of the data. Average regression equations for the eight animals were: PAS = 18.3 + 0.0639Q, PVS = 20.2 – 0.0124Q, (PAS – PVS) = 0.0756Q – 1.59 PAP = 11.2 + 0.0151Q, PLA = 7.0 + 0.00208Q, and (PAP – PLA) - 3.9 + 0.0154Q. These results were interpreted in terms of a quantitative theory of mechanical self-regulation in the cardiovascular system.
Regulation of RhoA Activity by Adhesion Molecules and Mechanotransduction

The low molecular weight GTP-binding protein RhoA regulates many cellular events, including cell migration, organization of the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, progress through the cell cycle and gene expression. Physical forces influence these cellular processes in part by regulating RhoA activity through mechanotransduction of cell adhesion molecules (e.g. integrins, cadherins, Ig superfamily molecules). RhoA activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) that are themselves regulated by many different signaling pathways. Significantly, the engagement of many cell adhesion molecules can affect RhoA activity in both positive and negative ways. In this brief review, we consider how RhoA activity is regulated downstream from cell adhesion molecules and mechanical force. Finally, we highlight the importance of mechanotransduction signaling to RhoA in normal cell biology as well as in certain pathological states.
A Tat-induced auto-up-regulatory loop for superactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter

The virus-encoded Tat protein strongly activates transcription of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A well-recognized mechanism involves interaction of Tat with the nascent RNA transcript of the viral tar gene; mutation of tar greatly decreases activation by Tat. However, Tat still provides a low level of activation, demonstrating that it also has a tar-independent mode of action. We propose that this tar-independent mode of Tat action is through activation of gene transcription to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha. This cytokine and other compounds that activate NF-kappa B up-regulate the HIV promoter at a low level, similarly to the second Tat action. Through this mechanism, they also activate promoters of tumor necrosis factor alpha and other cytokines and thereby establish an auto-up-regulatory loop. Activated NF-kappa B motifs in the HIV promoter synergize with Tat/tar. Mutations of these motifs decrease activation by Tat to a few percent of the wild-type value. In cooperation, the two modes of activation by Tat (tar dependent and cytokine based) set up positive up-regulatory loops which greatly superactivate transcription of HIV. Agents that block these synergistic pathways at three different steps and are more inhibitory in combination than is any one alone have been found. Thereby, multidrug modalities for transcription of HIV are proposed for virus suppression.
A semi-automatic approach for generating customized R2RML mappings

The Linked Data initiative brought new opportunities for building the next generation of Web applications. However, the full potential of linked data depends on how easy it is to transform data stored in relational databases into RDF triples. Recently, the W3C RDB2RDF Working Group proposed a mapping language, called R2RML, to specify mappings between relational schemas and RDF vocabularies. However, the specification of R2RML mappings is not an easy task. This paper therefore proposes a strategy to simplify the specification of R2RML mappings. The paper first introduces correspondence assertions, which provide a convenient way to manually model mappings between relational schemas and RDF vocabularies. Then, the paper describes a method to automatically generate R2RML mappings from the correspondence assertions.