Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical constituents from the Knema globularia fruits and their in vitro cytotoxicity

Abstract Two new compounds, designated as knecorticosanones A–B (1–2), along with three known compounds (3–5) were isolated from the fruits of Knema globularia. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopy analysis, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, UV, IR, and HRESIMS and by comparison with the reported data in the literature. Compounds 1–5 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity. Knecorticosanone B (2) and malabaricone D (5) exhibited moderate cytotoxic effect against Hep-G2, MCF-7 and SK-LU-1 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 8.76 ± 1.02 to 18.74 ± 1.75 μM while knecorticosanone A (1), virolane (3) and 7-hydroxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavan (4) exhibited weak inhibitory effect against these cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 25.85 ± 2.75 to 66.75 ± 2.08 μM. Graphical Abstract
Chemical constituents from the barks of Melia azedarach and their PTP1B inhibitory activity

Abstract One new long-chain ester derivative of trans-ferulic acid 1 and one natural tirucallane-type triterpenoid 2, together with forty known compounds (3-42), were isolated from the barks of Melia azedarach. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 7, 9, 10, 12, 13 showed significant inhibitory activities against PTP1B with IC50 values of 13.82 ± 1.29 μM, 13.29 ± 2.26 μM, 20.27 ± 0.52 μM, 24.36 ± 1.25 μM, 15.23 ± 0.6 μM, respectively. Graphical Abstract
Chemical constituents of essential oil of endemic Rhanterium suaveolens Desf. growing in Algerian Sahara with antibiofilm, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities

Abstract Twenty compounds were detected in the essential oil of Rhanterium suaveolens representing 98.01% of the total oil content. Perillaldehyde (45.79%), caryophyllene oxide (24.82%) and β-cadinol (5.61%) were identified as the main constituents. In β-carotene–linoleic acid assay, both the oil and the methanol extract exhibited good lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, with IC50 values of 17.97 ± 5.40 and 11.55 ± 3.39 μg/mL, respectively. In DPPH and CUPRAC assays, however, the methanol extract exhibited a good antioxidant activity. The highest antibiofilm activity has been found 50.30% against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MU 30) at 20 μg/mL for essential oil and 58.34% against Micrococcus luteus (NRRL B-4375) at 25 mg/mL concentration for methanol extract. The in vitro anticholinesterase activity of methanol extract showed a moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (IC50 = 168.76 ± 0.62 μg/mL) and good butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory (IC50 = 54.79 ± 1.89 μg/mL) activities. The essential oil was inactive against both enzymes. Graphical abstract
Everywhere? The Geography of Knowledge

This paper reviews what we know about the spatial manifestations of knowledge. The knowledge production function addresses the easily measured portion of knowledge produced. Research on learning, particularly interactive and collective learning, in firms and in innovation systems, promises to unveil the human and organizational processes by which knowledge is created, stored, and transmitted to others. Our understanding of innovation and technological change depends on how well we tackle knowledge and its geography.
Circulating oxidized LDL: determinants and association with brachial flow-mediated dilation Published, JLR Papers in Press, September 18, 2008.

Circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels are strongly correlated to LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) and apolipoprotein-B100 (apoB100), making it difficult to disentangle their independent contributions to cardiovascular risk. We explored the determinants of oxLDL and the relation between oxLDL and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery to investigate whether the oxLDL/LDL-c and oxLDL/apoB100 ratios are more informative than the separate variables. FMD of the brachial artery and plasma concentrations of oxLDL, LDL-cholesterol, and apoB100 were measured in 624 men and women (age range 50 to 87 years), participating in a population-based cohort study. OxLDL was strongly correlated with apoB100 (r = 0.82, P < 0.001) and LDL-c (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). Other major independent determinants of oxLDL were sex, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL particle size. LDL-c and apoB100 concentrations were not significantly associated with FMD. After adjustment for age, sex, glucose tolerance status, and Framingham risk score, the oxLDL/apoB100 ratio was negatively related to FMD (P = 0.017). This association was weaker for the oxLDL/ LDL-c ratio (P = 0.062) and absent for oxLDL level (P = 0.27). In contrast to oxLDL, the oxLDL/apoB100 ratio, and to a lesser extent the oxLDL/LDL-c ratio, are related to a functional measure of atherosclerosis. Therefore correction of oxLDL for LDL particle number may improve the clinical usefulness of oxLDL measurement.
The language of digital learning objects: A cross-disciplinary study

In order to determine the similarities and differences between disciplines in how each uses the language of teaching and learning, this study undertook linguistic analysis of 1,691 peer reviews in the MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resources for Learning and Online Teaching) digital learning objects collection. Language concordancing software was used to identify trends particular to the sciences, the humanities and education. Findings specify the variation in word choice, sentence length, sentence structure and descriptive/analytic uses of language that emerged between the disciplines. Analyses suggest both points of convergence and divergence that can guide principles and standards for instructional design and cross-disciplinary dialogue and collaborations around teaching and learning.
Australian provenance for Upper Permian to Cretaceous rocks forming accretionary complexes on the New Zealand sector of the Gondwanaland margin

U–Pb (SHRIMP) detrital zircon age patterns are reported for 12 samples of Permian to Cretaceous turbiditic quartzo‐feldspathic sandstone from the Torlesse and Waipapa suspect terranes of New Zealand. Their major Permian to Triassic, and minor Early Palaeozoic and Mesoproterozoic, age components indicate that most sediment was probably derived from the Carboniferous to Triassic New England Orogen in northeastern Australia. Rapid deposition of voluminous Torlesse/Waipapa turbidite fans during the Late Permian to Late Triassic appears to have been directly linked to uplift and exhumation of the magmatically active orogen during the 265–230 Ma Hunter‐Bowen event. This period of cordilleran‐type orogeny allowed transport of large volumes of quartzo‐feldspathic sediment across the convergent Gondwanaland margin. Post‐Triassic depocentres also received (recycled? ) sediment from the relict orogen as well as from Jurassic and Cretaceous volcanic provinces now offshore from southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. The detailed provenance‐age fingerprints provided by the detrital zircon data are also consistent with progressive southward derivation of sediment: from northeastern Queensland during the Permian, southeastern Queensland during the Triassic, and northeastern New South Wales — Lord Howe Rise — Norfolk Ridge during the Jurassic to Cretaceous. Although the dextral sense of displacement is consistent with the tectonic regime during this period, detailed characterisation of source terranes at this scale is hindered by the scarcity of published zircon age data for igneous and sedimentary rocks in Queensland and northern New South Wales. Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic age components cannot be adequately matched with likely source terranes in the Australian‐Antarctic Precambrian craton, and it is possible they originated in the Proterozoic cores of the Cathaysia and Yangtze Blocks of southeast China.
Human walking estimation with radar

Radar can be used to observe humans that are obscured by objects such as walls. These humans cannot be visually observed. The radar measurements are used to animate an obscured human in virtual reality. This requires detailed information about the motion. The radar measurements give detailed information about the movements of the human body parts; the Doppler signatures are time-varying and observed in the spectrogram. The authors focus on the extraction of parameters and describe a method for estimating human walking parameters from radar measurements. The parameters are estimated by minimising the difference between a simulated model and real measurements. A human walking model is presented which can be used both to calculate the radar response and to visually animate a walking person. The method is applied to real radar measurements of inbound walking humans from a distance of 20 m. The results show that estimation of the walking parameters is possible. The animated walking human generated with estimated parameters is a realistic likeness of the real walking human.
Spatial variability in tropical forest leaf area density from multireturn lidar and modeling

Leaf area index and leaf area density profiles are key variables for upscaling from leaves to ecosystems yet are difficult to measure well in dense and tall forest canopies. We present a new model to estimate leaf area density profiles from discrete multireturn data derived by airborne waveform light detection and ranging (lidar), a model based on stochastic radiative transfer theory. We tested the method on simulated ray tracing data for highly clumped forest canopies, both vertically homogenous and vertically inhomogeneous. Our method was able to reproduce simulated vertical foliage profiles with small errors and predictable biases in dense canopies (leaf area index = 6) including layers below densely foliated upper canopies. As a case study, we then applied the method to real multireturn airborne lidar data for a 50 ha plot of moist tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The method is suitable for estimating foliage profiles in a complex tropical forest, which opens new avenues for analyses of spatial and temporal variations in foliage distributions.
The upper end of the UK′37 temperature calibration revisited

Being able to decipher paleo sea surface temperatures for warm oceanic waters is of the utmost importance to further evaluate the role of the tropics in global climate change. The UK′37 index is one of such paleothermometers, although the warm range of temperatures often poses serious analytical challenges. This paper discusses and reviews several important aspects of the UK′37 index calibration for waters warmer than 26°–27°C. Amongst them, insights into the possible existence of a limit above which the UK′37 index is not able to accurately record temperature variations are presented. Some warnings are also given on the misleading practice and expected consequences of reporting UK′37 index values of unity in the cases when abundances of the minor triunsaturated alkenone below detection limit are encountered. Future directions toward an improved knowledge of the behaviour of the UK′37 calibration for warm waters are suggested.
A new multiscale routing framework and its evaluation for land surface modeling applications

A new multiscale routing framework is developed and coupled with the Hydrologically based Three‐layer Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC‐3L) land surface model (LSM). This new routing framework has a characteristic of reducing impacts of different scales (both in space and time) on the routing results. The new routing framework has been applied to three different river basins with six different spatial resolutions and two different temporal resolutions. Their results have also been compared to the D8‐based (eight direction based) routing scheme, whose flow network is generated from the widely used eight direction (D8) method, to evaluate the new framework's capability of reducing the impacts of spatial and temporal resolutions on the routing results. Results from the new routing framework show that they are significantly less affected by the spatial resolutions than those from the D8‐based routing scheme. Comparing the results at the basins' outlets to those obtained from the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) method which has, in principle, the least spatial resolution impacts on the routing results, the new routing framework provides results similar to those by the IUH method. However, the new routing framework has an advantage over the IUH method of providing routing information within the interior locations of a basin and along the river channels, while the IUH method cannot. The new routing framework also reduces impacts of different temporal resolutions on the routing results. The problem of spiky hydrographs caused by a typical routing method, due to the impacts of different temporal resolutions, can be significantly reduced.
The Upper Danube soil moisture validation site: measurements and activities

The validation of soil moisture products from ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission requires the maintenance of long term soil moisture monitoring sites. The Upper Danube catchment, situated mostly in Southern Germany, was chosen as one of two main test sites in Europe for the SMOS cal/val activities. Its main part is situated in the alpine foreland with heterogenous land cover and large natural gradients from the Alps northwards. Best soil moisture retrieval performance is expected in the smaller catchment of the river Vils, because there are neither open water bodies nor large urban areas and terrain as well as soil texture are fairly homogeneous. The Vils reference site is equipped with a more dense network of currently 5 soil moisture measuring stations as it is the focus of flight campaigns and studies of scaling issues. THE UPPER DANUBE SOIL MOISTURE VALIDATION SITE: MEASUREMENTS AND ACTIVITIES
Machaeridians from the Middle and Upper Ordovician of the Argentine Precordillera

The machaeridians are marine Palaeozoic annelids, which developed a dorsal skeleton composed of calcite sclerites, achieving a world‐wide distribution from the Early Ordovician to the Middle Permian. The absence of records from this group is notable in Argentina in spite of intense studies of Palaeozoic rocks. This fact can be explained by biases in sampling or because of preservation problems. Machaeridian sclerites of the families Plumulitidae and Turrilepadidae collected in Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks from the San Juan Precordillera, Argentina, are described here for the first time. Plumulites sp. is recorded in early Darriwilian strata from the Gualcamayo Formation exposed in the western flank of the Cerro La Chilca locality, and from the Las Aguaditas Formation in the Quebrada de Las Aguaditas section. Plumulitid and turrilepadid sclerites are described from the upper member of the Los Azules Formation (late Sandbian) in the Cerro Viejo de Huaco area. The material of the Los Azules Formation is the first record of turrilepadids in Sandbian rocks, which are scarce in Ordovician successions. The referred strata bear pelagic, benthic and nektobenthic faunal assemblages, constituting a similar taphocoenosis preserved in shales and calcareous silty shales related to transgressive events. The record of machaeridians expands our knowledge of the Ordovician biotas from Argentina and provides new information on the palaeobiogeographical distribution of this Palaeozoic annelid group. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abdominal multi-organ segmentation in CT using Swinunter

Abdominal multi-organ segmentation in computed tomography (CT) is crucial for many clinical applications including disease detection and treatment planning. Deep learning methods have shown unprecedented performance in this perspective. However, it is still quite challenging to accurately segment different organs utilizing a single network due to the vague boundaries of organs, the complex background, and the substantially different organ size scales. In this work we used make transformer-based model for training. It was found through previous years' competitions that basically all of the top 5 methods used CNN-based methods, which is likely due to the lack of data volume that prevents transformer-based methods from taking full advantage. The thousands of samples in this competition may enable the transformer-based model to have more excellent results. The results on the public validation set also show that the transformer-based model can achieve an acceptable result and inference time.
Voting Network for Contour Levee Farmland Segmentation and Classification

High-resolution aerial imagery allows fine details in the segmentation of farmlands. However, small objects and features introduce distortions to the delineation of object boundaries, and larger contextual views are needed to mitigate class confusion. In this work, we present an end-to-end trainable network for segmenting farmlands with contour levees from high-resolution aerial imagery. A fusion block is devised that includes multiple voting blocks to achieve image segmentation and classification. We integrate the fusion block with a backbone and produce both semantic predictions and segmentation slices. The segmentation slices are used to perform majority voting on the predictions. The network is trained to assign the most likely class label of a segment to its pixels, learning the concept of farmlands rather than analyzing constitutive pixels separately. We evaluate our method using images from the National Agriculture Imagery Program. Our method achieved an average accuracy of 94.34\%. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method obtains an improvement of 6.96% and 2.63% in the F1 score on average.
Gravitational lensing of the CMB by galaxy clusters

We adapt a non-linear filter proposed by Hu (2001) for detecting lensing of the CMB by large-scale structures to recover surface-density profiles of galaxy clusters from their localised, weak gravitational lensing effect on CMB fields. Shifting the band-pass of the filter to smaller scales, and normalising it such as to reproduce the convergence rather than the deflection angle, we find that the mean density profile of a sample of 100 clusters can be recovered to better than 10% from well within the scale radius to almost the virial radius. The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect is shown to be a negligible source of error. We test the filter applying it to data simulated using the characteristics of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), showing that it will be possible to recover mean cluster profiles outside a radius of 1 � corresponding to ACT's angular resolution.
Systematics, environment, and biogeography of some Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobites from eastern New York State

Introduction Objectives ----------------------------------Geologic setting ----------------------------Previous work ------------------------------Fossil collections ----------------------------Acknowledgments -_-----------------------Biostratigraphy --------------------------------Composition of Whitehall fauna -------------Trilobites --_ --------------------------Gastropods ______ -__ ------------------Other fossils ---------------------------Age and correlations ------------------------Problems and methods ------------------Saukia Zone ----------------------------Missisquoia Zone -----------------------Symphysurina B Zone ( ? ) ---------------Cambrian-Ordovician boundary --------------Summary ----------------------------------Environmental setting ______________________ ----Petrology __________________________________ _ Inferred environments ----------------------Biofacies distribution ---------------------------~odels -------------------------------------~ethods of analysis ------------------------Assemblages similar to Whitehall fauna ______ _ Assemblages dissimilar to Whitehall fauna ____ _ CONTENTS
Robot Behavior Adaptation for Human-robot Interaction Based on Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning *

 In this paper we propose an adaptation mechanism for robot behaviors to make robot-human interactions run more smoothly. We propose such a mechanism based on reinforcement learning, which reads minute body signals from a human partner, and uses this information to adjust interaction distances, gaze meeting, and motion speed and timing in human-robot interaction. We show that this enables autonomous adaptation to individual preferences by an experiment with twelve subjects.
Digital thErapy For Improved tiNnitus carE Study (DEFINE): Protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Tinnitus is a common health condition, affecting approximately 15% of the UK population. The tinnitus treatment with the strongest evidence base is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), with standard tinnitus therapy typically augmented with education, relaxation and other techniques. Availability of CBT and conventional tinnitus therapy more broadly is limited for tinnitus sufferers. The DEFINE trial aims to assess whether smartphone-delivered tinnitus therapy, the Oto app, is as effective as current standard care, one-to-one therapist-delivered tinnitus treatment for the treatment of tinnitus in adults. The trial is registered in the ISRCTN Registry: ISRCTN99577932. DEFINE is an open-label, non-inferiority, prospective, parallel design, randomised-controlled trial. Recruitment, interventions and assessments will be remote, enabling UK-wide participant involvement. 198 participants aged 18 years or more will be recruited via social media advertisement or via primary care physicians. A screening process will identify those with tinnitus that impacts health-related quality of life, and following consent smartphone-based audiometry will be performed. Randomisation 1:1 to the Oto app or one-to-one therapist-led tinnitus therapy will be performed centrally by computer, matching groups for age, sex and hearing level. Following participant allocation, the Oto app will be provided for immediate use, or a one-to-one remote therapy appointment booked to occur within approximately 1 week, with up to 6 sessions delivered. Participant outcomes will be collected at 4,12, 26 and 52 weeks via questionnaire and phone call. The primary outcome is the change in Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) total score measured at 26 weeks following allocation. Adverse events will be recorded. A health economic evaluation in the form of a cost-utility analysis will be performed using data from participant submitted EuroQol 5D-5L and Health Utilities Index Mark 3 scores and resource use data. Trial results will be made publicly available, including a plain English summary.
A new SPOT4-VEGETATION derived land cover map of Northern Eurasia

The European Commission's Joint Research Centre and the Russian Academy of Science's Centre for Forest Ecology and Productivity have produced a new 1 km spatial resolution land cover map of Eurasia from 1999 SPOT4-VEGETATION data. The legend is designed to serve users from science programmes, policy makers, environmental convention secretariats, non-governmental organizations, development-aid projects and the national forest service. The 1999 map is also being updated as part of an international exercise to map Global Land Cover for the year 2000. This Letter describes the map legend, the image classification method, the map accuracy assessment process and presents the land cover map.