Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for rapid analysis of cell divisions in vivo during epithelial morphogenesis and repair

Cell division is fundamental to all healthy tissue growth, as well as being rate-limiting in the tissue repair response to wounding and during cancer progression. However, the role that cell divisions play in tissue growth is a collective one, requiring the integration of many individual cell division events. It is particularly difficult to accurately detect and quantify multiple features of large numbers of cell divisions (including their spatio-temporal synchronicity and orientation) over extended periods of time. It would thus be advantageous to perform such analyses in an automated fashion, which can naturally be enabled using Deep Learning. Hence, we develop a pipeline of Deep Learning Models that accurately identify dividing cells in time-lapse movies of epithelial tissues in vivo. Our pipeline also determines their axis of division orientation, as well as their shape changes before and after division. This strategy enables us to analyse the dynamic profile of cell divisions within the Drosophila pupal wing epithelium, both as it undergoes developmental morphogenesis and as it repairs following laser wounding. We show that the division axis is biased according to lines of tissue tension and that wounding triggers a synchronised (but not oriented) burst of cell divisions back from the leading edge. Highlights □ Accurate and efficient detection of epithelial cell divisions can be automated by deep learning of dynamic time-lapse imaging data □ Optimal division detection is achieved using multiple timepoints and dual channels for visualisation of nuclei and cell boundaries □ Epithelial cell divisions are orientated according to lines of global tissue tension after post-division shuffling □ Spatio-temporal cell division analyses following wounding reveal spatial synchronicity that scales with wound size □ Additional deep learning tools enable rapid analysis of cell division orientation
A Simple Solution to the Word Problem for Lattices

Whitman [2] solved the word problem for lattices by giving an explicit construction of the free lattice, FL(X), on a given set of generators X. The solution is the following: For x, y ∊ X, and a, b, c, d ∊ FL(X), (W1) (W2) (W3) (W4) where [p, q] = {x; p ≤ x ≤ q}. The purpose of this note is to give a simple nonconstructive proof that the condition (W4) must hold in every projective (hence every free) lattice. Jonsson [1] has shown that in every equational class of lattices (Wl), (W2), and (W3) hold. Therefore the combination of these results gives a complete nonconstructive solution to the word problem for lattices.
In search of discursive anchorage sources: analysis of hiperlinks from Estamos Juntos collective on

The article analyzes the hyperlinks published on the Telegram platform by the Estamos Juntos group – a Brazilian collective created in 2020 to combat anti-science and anti-democracy discourses mobilized by the far right in street demonstrations and on social networks. Based on methods of observation, collection, organization and interpretation of digital data, in a quali-quantitative perspective, the research analyzed 1,069 hyperlinks between June 8 and September 6, 2020, to identify digital traces and associative trails that indicated which sources the members of Estamos Juntos used to guide their debates. It was found that the narratives produced by traditional groups in the Brazilian media anchored the majority of the information that circulated within the group, dedicating little space to alternative sources.
Speed-specific optimal contractile conditions of the human soleus muscle from slow to maximum running speed

The soleus is the main muscle for propulsion during human running but its operating behavior across the spectrum of physiological running speed is currently unknown. This study investigated experimentally the soleus muscle activation patterns and contractile conditions for force generation, power production and efficient work production (i.e. force-length potential, force-velocity potential, power-velocity potential and enthalpy efficiency) at seven running speeds (3.0 m/s to individual maximum). During submaximal running (3.0 to 6.0 m/s), the soleus fascicles shortened close to optimal length and at a velocity close to the efficiency-maximum, two contractile conditions for economical work production. At higher running speeds (7.0 m/s to maximum), the soleus muscle fascicles still operated near optimum length, yet the fascicle shortening velocity increased and shifted towards the optimum for mechanical power production with a simultaneous increase in muscle activation, providing evidence for three cumulative mechanisms to enhance mechanical power production. Using the experimentally-determined force-length-velocity potentials and muscle activation as inputs in a Hill-type muscle model, a reduction in maximum soleus muscle force at speeds ≥7.0 m/s and a continuous increase in maximum mechanical power with speed was predicted. The reduction in soleus maximum force was associated with a reduced force-velocity potential. The increase in maximum power was explained by an enhancement of muscle activation and contractile conditions until 7.0 m/s, yet at the maximal running speed mainly by increased muscle activation. Summary statement The study provides experimental evidence that the human soleus muscle favors contractile conditions for economical work production during submaximal running and for enhancing mechanical power production during maximal running speed.
Controlled group V intermixing in InGaAsP quantum well structures and its application to the fabrication of two section tunable lasers

We report the technique of controlled group V quantum well intermixing (QWI) in a compressively strained In0.76Ga0. 24As0.85P0. 15/In0.76Ga0. 24As0.52P0. 48 multiquantum well laser structure and its application to the fabrication of two-section tunable lasers. The blueshift of the band-gap energy was enhanced by capping the samples with films of SiO2 or low-temperature grown InP, while suppressed by a SixNy film with a refractive index of about 2.1. Spatially selective band-gap tuning was achieved by patterning the dielectric film into dot and strip arrays with different surface coverage. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectra showed that the enhanced blueshift was caused by the interdiffusion of group V atoms between the quantum wells and barriers. A group V interstitial interdiffusion mechanism is proposed for the sample capped with SiO2 and this is supported by the even more efficient intermixing induced by low-temperature InP, which contains a high concentration of excess phosphorus. A two-section tuna.
Application of different biosensors for biomarkers analysis

Biosensor is a very active research and engineering field, which lies at the intersection of life science and information science. The sensor contains enzymes, proteins, DNA, and other bioactive materials. After the substances to be tested enter the sensor, the molecules are recognized, and then biological reactions occur, and information is generated. The information is converted into sound, light, electricity and other signals by the chemical transducer or physical transducer, and the signal is output by the instrument. Biomedical sensor is the vanguard of biomedical science and technology. The correct conclusion of biomedical research depends on the correct measurement of biomedical sensor. And sensor is a very comprehensive science and technology. This article gives an overview of the applications of different biosensors in the biomedical field and its advantages are analyzed. This article introduces several biomarkers for detecting various diseases. Firstly, it introduces the reaction mechanism of vascular Endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its role in medicine. Then, plat-derived growth factor (PDGF) and Plasmodium vivax lactate dehydrogenase (PvLDH), which have different applications in biomedicine, were briefly introduced. Through these introductions, the application of biosensors in biomedical field is reflected.
Prediction of Surface Roughness in Functional Laser Surface Texturing Utilizing Machine Learning

Functional laser surface texturing (LST) arose in recent years as a very powerful tool for tailoring the surface properties of parts and components to their later application. As a result, self-cleaning surfaces with an improved wettability, efficient engine components with optimized tribological properties, and functional implants with increased biocompatibility can be achieved today. However, with increasing capabilities in functional LST, the prediction of resulting surface properties becomes more and more important in order to reduce the development time of those functionalities. Consequently, advanced approaches for the prediction of the properties of laser-processed surfaces—the so-called predictive modelling—are required. This work introduces the concept of predictive modelling with respect to LST by means of direct laser writing (DLW). Fundamental concepts for the prediction of surface properties are presented employing machine learning approaches, theoretical concepts, and statistical methods. The modelling takes into consideration the used laser parameters, the analysis of topographical, and other process-relevant information in order to predict the resulting surface roughness. For this purpose, two different algorithms, namely artificial neural network and random forest, were trained with experimental data for stainless steel and Stavax surfaces. Statistical results indicate that both models can predict the desired surface topography with high accuracy, despite the use of a small dataset for the training process. The approaches can be used to further optimize the laser process regarding the process efficiency, overall throughput, and other process outcomes.
Automated scheduler improvements and generalizations for the Automated Planet Finder

The Automated Planet Finder (APF) was originally designed as a single purpose facility to search for exoplanets. The APF, however, has become a general use observatory that is used by astronomers the world over. We describe the improvements to our software for operations that both optimize finding planets with known periods and supporting a much broader community of astronomers with a variety of interests and requirements. These include a variety of observing modes beyond the originally envisioned fixed target lists, such as time dependent priorities to meet the needs of rapid varying targets, and improved tools for simulating observing cadence for the planet hunting teams. We discuss the underlying software for the APF, illustrating why its simplicity of use allows users to write software that focuses on scientific productivity. Because of this simplicity, we can then develop scheduling software, which is easily integrated into the APF operations suite. We test these new scheduling modes using a nightly simulator which uses historical weather and seeing data. After discussing this new simulation tool, we measure how well the methods work after a 36 month simulated campaign to follow-up transiting targets. We find that the data yield of each of the tested schemes is similar. Therefore, we can focus on the best potential scientific return with little concern about the impact on the number or duration of observations.
URB2 as an important marker for glioma prognosis and immunotherapy

Introduction: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and primary malignant tumor of the brain in clinical practice. Conventional treatment has not significantly altered the prognosis of patients with glioma. As research into immunotherapy continues, glioma immunotherapy has shown great potential. Methods: The clinical data were acquired from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database and validated by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAP) database, and Western blot (WB) analysis. By Cox regression analyses, we examined the association between different variables and overall survival (OS) and its potential as an independent prognostic factor. By constructing a nomogram that incorporates both clinicopathological variables and the expression of URB2, we provide a model for the prediction of prognosis. Moreover, we explored the relationship between immunity and URB2 and elucidated its underlying mechanism of action. Results: Our study shows that URB2 likely plays an oncogenic role in glioma and confirms that URB2 is a prognostic independent risk factor for glioma. Furthermore, we revealed a close relationship between immunity and URB2, which suggests a new approach for the immunotherapy of glioma. Conclusion: URB2 can be used for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy of glioma.
Relationships between postpartum depression, sleep, and infant feeding in the early postpartum: An exploratory analysis

Introduction The study objectives were to determine the relationships between postpartum depression and maternal and infant sleep parameters and to examine the impact of infant feeding method on infant and maternal sleep and postpartum depression symptomatology. Methods Participants were 61 new mothers aged 18 to 45 years old, and their full-term, normal birth-weight, singleton infants. Participants were recruited from a large teaching hospital in northeast England. Data collection took place in participants’ homes. The study used a prospective longitudinal design, with data collected at six, 12 and 18 weeks postpartum. We collected data on total sleep time, longest sleep period, wake after sleep onset, and night waking for mothers and infants objectively from actigraphic records and subjectively from maternal sleep logs. Participants reported on sleep disturbances using the General Sleep Disturbances Scale, on maternal sleepiness, and on depression symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results Scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and General Sleep Disturbances Scale were consistently correlated with each other (6 weeks r = 0.452, p < 0.01; 12 weeks r = 0.317, p < 0.05; 18 weeks r = 0.493, p < 0.01), and did not correlate with objective measures or subjective reports of maternal or infant sleep. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores at six, 12 and 18 weeks were predicted by General Sleep Disturbances Scale, prior Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score, or both, but not by sleep parameters. With regard to infant feeding method, EPDS score was not higher among exclusively breastfeeding than among exclusively formula-feeding participants at any time point (6 weeks t = 0.306, p = 0.762; 12 weeks t = 0.343, p = 0.733; 18 weeks t = 0.426; p = 0.673). Different pathways emerged to predict Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score for exclusively breastfeeding and exclusively formula-feeding women. Discussion Postpartum depression may be associated with disturbed sleep due to negative perception of sleep among depressed women, rather than disrupted sleep causing postpartum depression. With regard to infant feeding method, exclusively breastfeeding women are not more likely to suffer from postpartum depression, and different pathways may predict development of postpartum depression symptoms in exclusively breastfeeding and exclusively formula feeding women.
Measurement of the phase shift upon reflection from photonic crystals

The phase dependence of light reflected from colloidal photonic crystals is measured using a large resonant cavity and self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals. We measure the expected phase shift upon reflection from the photonic crystal, which varies from 0to180deg across the photonic crystal stop band. These measurements are then fed directly into the design of photonic crystal cavities. We obtain a measure for the precision needed in the fabrication of photonic crystal resonant cavities.
Unsolved Problems in Graph Theory Arising from the Study of Codes

1. Two fundamental questions in coding theory Two of the most basic questions in coding theory are: (i) what is A(n,d), the maximal number of binary vectors of length n with Hamming distance d apart? , and (ii) what is A(n,d,w), the maximal number of binary vectors of length n, Hamming distance d apart, and where each vector contains precisely w ones? The Hamming distance dist (u,v) between two binary vectors u = (u 1 , ., u n) and v = (v 1 , ., v n) is the number of i such that u i ≠ v i ; the weight wt (u) of u is the number of nonzero u i (so that dist (u,v) = wt (u − v)); and a code in which dist (u,v) ≥ d for every pair of distinct vectors u,v can correct    2 d − 1 _ ____    errors. We may always assume (without loss of generality) that d is even. See [25] for further information about codes. and the author have recently made an extensive study [4] of the functions A(n,d) and A(n,d,w), and in particular have computed a table of lower bounds on these functions for n ≤ 28. Portions of these tables are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. In the course of this work a number of unsolved graph theory problems were encountered.
Microneedle fabrication methods and applications

Microneedles are microscale needle-shaped devices that have attracted attention from the biomedical engineering community for transdermal drug delivery, sensing, and vaccine delivery. These devices do not inflict significant discomfort during skin penetration. Microneedles have recently been used to detect physiologically relevant molecules in interstitial fluid for health monitoring. In this review, technical challenges associated with microneedle processing are considered. The mechanical requirements associated with microneedle penetration of the skin are described. The use of polymers, bioceramics, and natural materials in microneedle fabrication is described. Recent uses of microneedles in biosensing, drug delivery, and vaccine delivery are described. Graphical abstract
Maritime Tracking With Georeferenced Multi-Camera Fusion

Cameras form an essential part of any autonomous surface vehicle’s sensor package, both for COLREGs compliance to detect light signals and for identifying and tracking other vessels. Due to limited fields of view compared to more traditional autonomy sensors such as lidars and radars, an autonomous surface vessel will typically be equipped with multiple cameras which can induce biases when used in tracking if a target is present in multiple image frames. In this work, we propose a novel pipeline for camera-based maritime tracking that combines georeferencing with clustering-based multi-camera fusion for bias-free camera measurements with target range estimates. Using real-world datasets collected using the milliAmpere research platform the performance of this pipeline exceeded a lidar benchmark across multiple performance measures, both in pure detection performance and as part of a JIPDA-based tracking system.
Introduction and analysis of fluorescence microscope improvement methods

Fluorescence microscopes are essential in the fields of biomedical research and the characterization of new materials. However, traditional fluorescence microscopes are harmful to certain samples, produce a relatively low resolution, and have relatively low portability. The purpose of this paper is to introduce several methods to improve fluorescence microscopes in four different aspects. Possible aspects of improvements are also analyzed in this paper. The paper is overall based on the investigations and analyses of relative research. This paper finds that Light source, illumination, resolution, and portability are four major fields for future improvements.
Sezioni Elettorali Italiane (SEI): a new database of Italian electoral results geocoded at precinct level

ABSTRACT Obtaining geocoded electoral results at precinct level can be challenging in many countries. In this study, we present two validated methodologies developed to overcome these difficulties, and we build new geocoded electoral results for several Italian cities. Our dataset covers the last 20 years (1999-2022) and includes data for various types of elections, including national, regional, municipal and referendum. We provide an overview of some notable patterns in voting trends in major Italian cities. These include a high level of heterogeneity in voting within cities, an increase in spatial polarization of voting behaviour, and an increasing concentration of left-wing voters in central and wealthier areas of metropolitan cities. These trends may be influenced by a range of factors and can have significant implications for political representation and policy-making. Our dataset provides a valuable resource for understanding these trends and exploring their underlying causes.
Evidence of internal structure of the transactional eHealth literacy among Vietnamese youth: An instrument validation study

Background The progression into the Digital Age has brought an array of novel skill requirements. Unlike traditional literacy, there are currently few measures that can reliably measure eHealth literacy. The Transactional Model of eHealth Literacy and subsequent Transactional eHealth Literacy Instrument may provide a feasible option for measuring eHealth literacy. Objective This instrument has yet to be validated, which is the aim of this study. In particular, this article was conducted to validate the TeHLI to see which components of the tool (how many and which components included) would be the best fit statistically and whether the tool applies to groups of different characteristics. Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional study among 236 Vietnamese young people. A exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the best fit model of the Transactional eHealth Literacy Instrument. A confirmatory factor analysis tested measurement invariance at four levels: configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance. Only metric invariance was partially invariant, while the rest tested fully invariant. Even with partial metric invariance, there is reason to assume that functional, communicative, critical, and translational eHealth literacy (the four levels according to the transactional model) are consistently measured when deploying the Transactional eHealth Literacy Instrument across groups. Results The study findings substantiate that the most optimal composition of the TeHLI consists of four factors: functional, communicative, critical, and translational eHealth literacy, with RMSEA = 0.116; CFI = 0.907, and the highest internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91, 0.92, 0.88, and 0.92 for each factor respectively). After using measurement invariance, that gender, education, marital status, age, location, and household economy do not influence the way participants to respond to the TeHLI to the point that would introduce measurement bias. In other word, using TeHLI across population groups should not produce error margins that substantially differ from each other. Conclusions This study suggests the instrument can be used for comparisons across groups and has the potential to generate high-quality data usable for informing change agents as to whether a particular population is proficient enough to adopt novel eHealth innovations.