Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer Tills the Premetastatic Field: Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Implications

A growing body of work has shown that cancer metastasis is not a random spontaneous event; rather, it is the culmination of a cascade of priming steps through which a subpopulation of the tumor cells acquires invasive traits while readying a permissive environment, termed the "premetastatic niche," in which distant metastases can occur. Signals from the primary tumor mobilize and adapt immune cells as well as directly communicating with distant niche cells to induce a broad spectrum of adaptations in target organs, including the induction of angiogenesis, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming. Together, these interactions facilitate the formation of a premetastatic niche composed of a variable mix of resident and recruited immune cells, endothelial cells, and stromal cells connected through a complex signaling network that we are only beginning to understand. Here, we summarize the latest findings on how cancer induces and guides the formation of this premetastatic niche as well as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets that may lead to a better understanding and effective treatment of metastatic disease. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3725–33. ©2016 AACR.
A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach for Anxiety in a Preschool-Aged Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Empirical support exists for behaviorally oriented psychosocial interventions to reduce functional impairment related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in young children, but little research exists examining the effectiveness of such treatments when applied to preschool-aged children with comorbid anxiety symptoms. With this in mind, the authors report on the case of “Marcus,” a 4-year-old boy with autistic disorder and impairing comorbid anxiety. Marcus participated in 8 weekly sessions of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, addressing his fear-based avoidance of social interactions and sensory stimuli, using an anxiety treatment protocol for youth with ASD modified to account for his young age. This protocol consisted of modular components addressing affective education, exposure, cognitive restructuring, and social coaching. At post-treatment assessment, Marcus exhibited markedly decreased impairment, as evidenced by parent responses to clinical interview and rating scales. In addition, Marcus displayed improvement in severity of anxiety symptoms as illustrated by a decrease in his scores on the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale from 17 at baseline to 8 at post-treatment. Therapeutic gains were maintained at 4-month follow-up. Implications and clinical considerations are discussed.
Newly Designed Quasi-Cyclic Low Density Parity Check Codes

This paper presents the construction of large girth Quasi-Cyclic low density parity check (QC-LDPC) codes. The row groups are paired two times the row weight which has cut down hardware implementation cost and complexity as compared to the connection of individual columns and rows. The construction of newly obtained codes gives a class of efficiently encodable quasi-cyclic LDPC codes.
When Competition Turns Ugly: Collective Injustice, Workgroup Identification, and Counterproductive Work Behavior

This research investigated the effects of competition and injustice between workgroups and workgroup identification (self-categorization) on individuals' propensity to engage in counterproductive work behavior toward an opposing workgroup. One scenario study revealed that competition and collective injustice had an interactive effect on individuals' willingness to engage in counterproductive behavior. In another scenario study, this effect was moderated by the strength of self-categorization with the group. Finally, a survey study of 110 working adults involving reported counterproductive behavior showed a three-way interaction between competition, collective injustice, and the strength of identification with the workgroup, thus providing additional support for the findings of Study 2. This collection of studies provides initial evidence for the positive influence of intergroup competition under conditions of collective injustice on counterproductive behavior.
Nipple sparing mastectomy in breast cancer patients and long-term survival outcomes: An analysis of the SEER database

Purpose To determine the prevalence of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and its long-term survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. Method We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and identified 2,440 breast cancer patients who received NSM during 1998–2013. We used chi-square and binary logistic regression to identify factors associated with the use of radiotherapy after NSM. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimate cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). We used the log-rank test and Cox regression to identify factors associated with CSS and OS. Results The median age of the population was 50 years. There were 725 (29.7%), 1064 (43.6%) and 651 (26.7%) patients who had Tis, T1 and T2-3 disease and 1943 (79.6%), 401 (16.4%) and 96 (3.9%) patients who had N0, N1 and N2-3 disease, respectively. The rates of RT use were 61.4%, 39.6% and 10.9% in patients with N2-3 disease, N1 or T3/N0 disease and Tis/T1-2N0 disease, respectively. Elderly age, African American race, and higher T-stage and N-stage were associated with receiving radiotherapy. For patients diagnosed between 1998–2010 (N = 763), the median follow-up was 69 months. The 5- and 10-yr CSS were 96.9% and 94.9%, respectively. The 5- and 10-yr OS were 94.1% and 88.0%, respectively. Ethnicity, T-stage and N-stage were factors independently associated with CSS, and age and T-stage were factors independently associated with OS. Conclusions The use of NSM has increased, and it is oncologically safe for breast cancer patients.
Teacher Evaluation as Trojan Horse: The Case for Teacher-Developed Assessments

In his focus article “How Is Testing Supposed to Improve Schooling? ” Ed Haertel distinguishes between seven uses of educational tests as a function of the intended action and what or who will be influenced by the intended action. He then applies Mike Kane’s interpretive argument approach (Kane, 2006) as a basis for speculating about the validity of intended actions. A recurring theme in the article is that validating the premise that testing has improved schooling will require much more attention to issues of score extrapolations and decision making. In this comment I expand upon the section of Haertel’s article that focused on testing for accountability. More specifically, I take up the management role of testing within the context of recent policy shifts toward high-stakes teacher evaluation. In teacher evaluation, the chain of reasoning that connects testing to improvements in schooling goes something like this:
What Can be Observed Locally? Round-based Models for Quantum Distributed Computing

Recently, several claims have been made that certain fundamental problems of distributed computing, including Leader Election and Distributed Consensus, begin to admit feasible and efficient solutions when the model of distributed computation is extended so as to apply quantum processing. This has been achieved in one of two distinct ways: (1) by initializing the system in a quantum entangled state, and/or (2) by applying quantum communication channels. In this paper, we explain why some of these prior claims are misleading, in the sense that they rely on changes to the model unrelated to quantum processing. On the positive side, we consider the aforementioned quantum extensions when applied to Linial's well-established LOCAL model of distributed computing. For both types of extensions, we put forward valid proof-of-concept examples of distributed problems whose round complexity is in fact reduced through genuinely quantum effects, in contexts which do not depend on the anonymity of nodes. Finally, we show that even the quantum variants of the LOCAL model have non-trivial limitations, captured by a very simple (purely probabilistic) notion which we call "physical locality" (PLOCAL). While this is strictly weaker than the "computational locality" of the classical LOCAL model, it nevertheless implies that for many distributed combinatorial optimization problems, such as Maximal Independent Set, the best currently known lower time bounds cannot be broken by applying quantum processing, in any conceivable way.
Upper extremity reconstruction using free SCIA/SIEA flap

The most suitable free flap alternative in upper extremity reconstruction has adequate and quality of tissue with consistent vascular pedicle. Free flap must provide convenient tissue texture to reconstruct aesthetic and functional units of upper extremity. Furthermore, minimal donor site morbidity is preferred features in free flap election. In our efforts to obtain the best possible outcome for patients, we chose, as a first priority, the free superficial circumflex inferior artery (SCIA)/superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap over other free flap options for the soft‐tissue reconstruction of upper extremities. The authors retrospectively report the results of 20 free SCIA/SIEA flaps for upper extremity reconstruction during the past 3 years. Nineteen of 20 flaps were successful (95%): three required emergent postoperative reexploration of the anastomosis and one failed. Flap thinning (n = 4) was performed during the flap harvest, whereas some flaps were thinned with secondary debulking (n = 4). The functional and aesthetic results were evaluated as acceptable by all patients. Based on our results, a free SCIA/SIEA flap has the following advantages in soft‐tissue reconstruction of the upper extremity: (1) if necessary, flap thinning may be performed safely at the time of flap elevation and (2) flaps are harvested using a lower abdominal incision so that it causes minimal donor site scar. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Social Justice Challenges to Educational Administration: Introduction to a Special Issue

Challenging the field of educational administration to take an activist and prosocial justice stance, this article introduces the special issue. Some professors and preparation programs are inadequately attuned to equity concerns. Standards and testing for administrator licensure touch only the surface of cultural diversity, equity, and democracy. Disproportionally small percentages of administrators are women and minorities. Still, with the high turnover of administrators and with the work of scholars in Leadership for Social Justice, the time for transforming the field is now.
[Better Reporting of Interventions: Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) Checklist and Guide].

Without a complete published description of interventions, clinicians and patients cannot reliably implement interventions that are shown to be useful and other researchers cannot replicate or build on research findings. However the quality of intervention description in publications is remarkably poor. To improve the completeness of reporting, and ultimately the replicability, of interventions, an international group of experts and stakeholders developed the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. The process involved a literature review for relevant checklists and research, a Delphi survey of an international panel of experts to guide item selection, and a face-to-face panel meeting. The resultant 12-item TIDieR checklist [brief name, why, what (materials), what (procedure), who provided, how, where, when and how much, tailoring, modifications, how well (planned), how well (actual)] is an extension of the CONSORT 2010 Statement (Item 5) and the SPIRIT 2013 Statement (Item 11). While the emphasis of the checklist is on trials, the guidance is intended to apply across all evaluative study designs. This paper presents the TIDieR checklist and guide, with an explanation and elaboration for each item, and examples of good reporting. The TIDieR checklist and guide should improve the reporting of interventions and make it easier for authors to structure accounts of their interventions, reviewers and editors to assess the descriptions, and readers to use the information.
FPGA-based fault simulator

Fault simulation allows evaluation of reliability properties of developed designs. The complexity of the designs is growing, which makes software-based simulation methods unusable. Hardware-based fault simulation can bring desired speedup. Partial dynamic reconfiguration is a way of fault injection. Reconfiguration time is often considered as a main weakness of this technique. This paper describes an FPGA-based fault simulator, where reconfiguration is performed by an embedded processor core, which eliminates this drawback. Error-detection-code based CED circuits are used in experiments; the results of the experiments are reported
Drosophila Vap-33 Is Required for Axonal Localization of Dscam Isoforms

Mutations in VAPB have been identified in a familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and reduced VAPB levels have been found in patients with sporadic ALS. Vap protein family members from different species and cell types have been implicated in a number of cellular functions, but how Vap dysfunction in neurons and/or muscles contributes to motor neuron degeneration and death is poorly understood. Using Drosophila as a model organism, we show that Vap physically interacts with and affects the axonal functions of the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam). Dscam is a cell-surface receptor involved in axon and dendritic patterning and neuron self-recognition and avoidance. Alternative splicing of the Dscam transcript leads to the production of Dscam isoforms that contain one of two possible transmembrane (TM) domain and flanking sequences that either restrict the isoform to dendrites and cell bodies (TM1) or target the isoform to axon processes (TM2). We find that Vap specifically interacts with Dscam isoforms that contain the TM2 cytoplasmic juxtamembrane flanking sequences. Using loss-of-function genetics, we further show that Vap is required for localization of Dscam isoforms containing TM2 to axons and that Vap loss suppresses Dscam gain-of-function axon phenotypes. We propose that Vap function is required in neurons to selectively traffic proteins to axons, and disruption of this function may contribute to the pathology of ALS.
Teaching and Learning Method Research with Empirical Case in Discrete Mathematics Based on Constructivism

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for positioning tooling with respect to a curvilinear workpiece which is curved in a first direction extending along a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece and which is curved in a second direction extending along a plane to the workpiece longitudinal axis, the degree of curvature in the first direction being greater than the degree of curvature in the second direction. An illustrative example is automatic drilling, inserting and upsetting one or two piece fasteners such as exterior skin rivets on an airplane fuselage. Inner and outer positioning systems carry or support inner and outer tooling, respectively, which engage the workpiece from opposite sides thereof during tooling operations thereon. Each of the inner and outer positioning systems move the respective tooling through a large number of axes, for example six axes of movement provided by the outer positioning system and seven axes of movement provided by the inner positioning system. Movements of the inner and outer positioning systems are controlled and co-ordinated by an adaptive, master-slave control system. A lateral trasfer system enables the appratus to operate successively on a plurality of workpieces.
CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY

After a myocardial infarction (MI), the remaining myocardium undergoes a compensatory reactive hypertrophy. Although coronary perfusion to the surviving myocardium can be an important determinant of cardiac function in this setting, there are no available data regarding myocardial blood flow in reactive hypertrophy. Accordingly, we measured coronary blood flow and reserve using radioactive microspheres in rats 4 weeks after induction of an MI by ligation of the left coronary artery. Maximal coronary dilation was induced by Carbochrome, a potent coronary vasodilator, infused at a rate of 0.45 mg/kg/min up to a total dose of 12 mg/kg. Sham-operated rats served as controls. All animals in the infarct group had a large MI affecting 30-51% (average, 41%) of the left ventricle. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly elevated (30 ±6.5 vs. 8.0 ±2.5 mm Hg in sham-operated rats, p <0.01) and baseline hemodynamic indexes of cardiac performance were significantly (p<0.01) reduced in this group. Myocyte cross-sectional area measurements were used as an index to quantify the degree of reactive hypertrophy and indicated that the infarcted animals had, on average, a 30% hypertrophic response of the surviving left ventricular myocardium. In the infarcted animals, both coronary flow and vasodilator reserve in the surviving myocardium were depressed. Maximal coronary blood flow in the remaining myocardium was significantly lower than that measured in the sham-operated animals (839 and 1,479 ml/min/100 g, respectively; p<0.001). Similarly, minimal coronary resistance was significantly higher in the MI group as compared with the sham group (0.12 vs. 0.07 mm Hg/ml/min/100 g, respectively; p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between minimal coronary resistance and myocyte cross-sectional area (r=0.65, p<0.01) or between minimal coronary resistance and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r=0.66,p <0.01), suggesting that the depression in coronary reserve was related both to the elevated preload and the hypertrophic process itself. Thus, after an MI, the surviving myocardium exhibits a perfusion deficit involving the intramyocardial resistance vessels. This abnormality can render the heart more susceptible to develop ischemia even in the absence of large coronary artery disease. (Circulation 1990;81:238-246)
Incidence of JC viruria is higher than that of BK viruria in Taiwan

To investigate the prevalence of human polyomaviruses in Taiwan, urine samples from immunocompetent (healthy), transient immunocompromised (pregnant), and prolonged immunosuppressed (autoimmune disease) individuals were collected throughout the island. The viral DNA in the urine was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot. The viral genotypes were determined by DNA sequencing within the regulatory region. The overall results, including cases reported previously, show that 13.3% (10/75) of immunocompetent individuals, 26.0% (20/77) of pregnant women, and 37.5% (18/48) of autoimmune disease patients are JCV positive. All of the immunocompetent individuals are BKV negative, but 3.9% (3/77) of the pregnant women and 6.2% (3/48) of autoimmune disease patients are BKV positive. Twenty‐four percent (48/200) of the examined urine samples were JCV positive, but only 3% (6/200) were BKV positive. JCV positive individuals were mainly infected with CY (42%) and TW‐1 (52%) subtypes. These results suggest that the incidence of urinary excretion of human polyomaviruses in immunosuppressed individuals is higher than that of immunocompetent individuals. The prevalence of JCV appears to be higher than that of BKV in Taiwan. In addition, CY and TW‐1 are the predominant subtypes of JCV prevalent in the Taiwanese population. J. Med. Virol. 52:253–257, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of glucose and glutamine concentrations in human dental pulp stem cells viability. An approach for cell transplantation.

PURPOSE To evaluate microscopic behavior and viability of dental pulp stem cells under glucose and glutamine deprivation. METHODS Human tooth tissues were minced in isolated pieces and cultured until the desired cellular proliferation for experimental phases. Cells were cultured under variations of glucose and glutamine in both serum presence and absence, and then those cells were evaluated according to number and viability by MTT assay. The confocal microscopy analyzed cytoskeleton, nucleus, and mitochondria integrity. RESULTS A low concentration of glucose favored cellular viability and microscopic behavior; the presence of glutamine in culture medium was favorable only when associated with glucose. The cellular biological potential in culture could be preserved in serum absence if nutritional requirements are adequate. CONCLUSION Cell microscopic behavior and viability have demonstrated better patterns on serum-free low glucose culture medium with glutamine deprivation.
Skill = Speed × Accuracy × Form × Adaptability

The heart of this little article lies in a fable called "The Woodchoppers' Ball. " Perhaps you nrould do best to turn to rhar first. This is an age of change. In industry, especially, every day brings new developments (7, Ch. 9 ) . And each new product, each new process, each new package is likely to bring with it the necessity for new skills. Manifestly, it behooves the leaders in industry to search for ( a ) means of selecting people capable of learning new skills readily, and ( b ) means of teaching new skills efficiently. Even the briefest contemplation of the teaching of skills brings to mind another need-(c) means of determining the amount of a new skill acquired. But what do we mean by "skills? " As Maier (6, p. 3 2 3 ) pointed ouc, a psychologist entering a shop would be likely to find chat the "unskilled workers" chere possessed a higher degree of whac he considered skill than the "skilled workers. " But the skill of the latter, he would find, was backed up by understanding and knowledge, and so our definition of skill must be carefully framed: Skill is the ability to execute a parfern of behavioral eleme? zts in proper ? elation to n certnin environment. The environment may include a wrench or a tennis racket. It will most certainly include che floor or ground. In sports it often includes a ball. And che elements may be simultaneous or in a sequence. The definition, it is to be hoped, is sufficiently broad to include all "skills" as the term is ordinarily used, only excluding those abilities commonly subsumed under the headings of understanding and knowledge. But this definition has no particular value until we consider the dimensions of the skill. When rhese dimensions have been clarified, we can see how to measure a skill or develop a skill. W e can even make a beginning in evaluating aptirude for a skill. And the dimensions are probably most readily made apparent by the following foolish little fable.
Racism without racists : color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States

Preface for Third Edition of Racism without Racists Chapter 1: The Strange Enigma of Race in Contemporary America Chapter 2: The Central Frames of Color-Blind Racism Chapter 3: The Style of Color Blindness: How to Talk Nasty about Minorities without Sounding Racist Chapter 4: "I Didn't Get That Job Because of a Black Man": Color-Blind Racism's Racial Stories Chapter 5: Peeking Inside the (White) House of Color Blindness: The Significance of Whites' Segregation Chapter 6: Are All Whites Refined Archie Bunkers? An Examination of White Racial Progressives Chapter 7: Are Blacks Color Blind, Too? Chapter 8: E Pluribus Unum or the Same Old Perfume in a New Bottle? On the Future of Racial Stratification in the United States Chapter 9: Will Racism Disappear in Obamerica? The Sweet (but Deadly) Enchantment of Colorblindness in Black Face Conclusion