Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S PATIO - TEMPORAL DIFFERENCES IN POLLINATOR SPECIES RICHNESS , ABUNDANCE AND CONSERVATION STATUS IN A M EDITERRANEAN ISLAND

— Although the Mediterranean basin is a hotspot of pollinator diversity, little is still known about how such diversity is distributed in the region and about its conservation status. This study contributes to filling this information gap by studying pollinator diversity parameters in one of the main Mediterranean islands, Mallorca, and further evaluating their conservation category according to the IUCN criteria. We focus on three communities, two coastal and one mountain shrubland, which we have studied for several years. For each community, we obtained the following variables: (1) Shannon diversity (H'), (2) Pielou's index (J'), (3) Number of pollinators per plant ( L p ), (4) Flower visitation rate (FVR), (5) Specialisation index ( d' ) and (6) Normalised degree of pollinators, i.e. the number of plants visited per pollinator species relative to the total number of plant species in the community (ND). All pollinators were categorised into functional groups to test for differences in such variables among them. Differences across communities, years and functional groups were tested through GLMMs. The three communities showed differences in pollinator species composition, species richness and diversity. Pollinator diversity also varied with time, especially in the coastal community, which suffered a major disturbance during one of the study years. Regardless of the functional group, the pollinator specialisation degree seems context-dependent. Native and endemic species might disappear in the short term if appropriate management measures are not taken to narrow down the threats to pollinator populations. Further research is urgently needed to assess most insect pollinators' conservation status in the Mediterranean before such rich diversity is lost forever.
Multiagent Reinforcement Learning: Rollout and Policy Iteration for POMDP With Application to Multirobot Problems

In this article, we consider the computational and communication challenges of partially observable multiagent sequential decision-making problems. We present algorithms that simultaneously or sequentially optimize the agents' controls by using multistep lookahead, truncated rollout with a known base policy, and a terminal cost function approximation. In particular: 1) we consider multiagent rollout algorithms that dramatically reduce required computation while preserving the key policy improvement property of the standard rollout method. We improve our multiagent rollout policy by incorporating it in an offline approximate policy iteration scheme, and we apply an additional “online play” scheme enhancing offline approximation architectures; 2) we consider the imperfect communication case and provide various extensions to our rollout methods to deal with this case; and 3) we demonstrate the performance of our methods in extensive simulations by applying our method to a challenging partially observable multiagent sequential repair problem (state space size $10^{37}$ and control space size $10^{7}$). Our extensive simulations demonstrate that our methods produce better policies for large and complex multiagent problems in comparison with existing methods, including POMCP, MADDPG, and work well where other methods fail to scale up.
Radiative transfer through a flowing refractive medium

The propagation of photons in a nondispersive refractive medium with arbitrary velocity and gravity fields is discussed. Photons move along the geodesics associated with the optical metric given by Gordon in the limit where geometrical optics applies. The known properties of geodesics then simplify the task of finding the world lines of photons in a variety of problems. The formalism for describing photon propagation, summarized here, makes it possible to derive a transfer equation for a flowing refractive medium which is formally identical to the relativistic equation of radiative transfer. However, the theory is phenomenological in that it presumes that the index of refraction is specified. (AIP)
Elimination of false singularities in GTD equivalent edge currents

The method of equivalent edge currents (MEC) has extended the applicability of GTD. The equivalent edge currents, however, generally suffer from false singularities outside the Keller cone. These singularities depend upon the co-ordinate for inner integration in the surface to edge integral reduction. The objective of this paper is to eliminate false singularities of the currents. A new co-ordinate for inner integration that maximises the phase variation of the integrand is proposed. Consistent use of this co-ordinate leads us to novel expressions for not only fringe but also PO and GTD equivalent edge currents without any false singularities. These currents are verified for diffraction from a disk and a square plate. It is numerically confirmed that GTD-MEC using new currents predicts uniform patterns and is almost comparable to PTD
Adhesion and Dynamic Phenomena during Slipping of Electrical Rolling Stock : 1st Report, Slipping Phenomena and Improvement of Adhesive Characteristics of Rectifier AC Locomotives

For the purpose of improving the adhesive characteristics of rectifier AC locomotives, the slipping phenomena of the standard four-axle locomotive were observed, and a clear picture was obtained of various phenomena which cannot be explained by simplified theories and of conditions of coefficient of adhesion in a range of small wheel-rail relative speeds. Detailed calculative expressions of slipping phenomena were then formulated and these expressions were used for numerical calculation by means of a digital computer. The results of these calculations were found to coincide approximately with actually measured values. The effects of various factors on adhesion were investigated and the following systems were planned : (1) Controlling DC source voltage by feedback of rectifier output DC voltage. (2) Controlling DC source voltage by feedback of maximum difference in armature voltages. The characteristics of these controlling systems and their effects on adhesion were made clear.
Multiobjective Analysis of Service-Water-Transmission Systems

A multiobjective analysis technique is presented to determine the optimum operation of pumps and reservoirs in service-water-transmission systems. Three major objectives were identified as (1) economics in terms of energy cost minimization; (2) stability in pump operation; and (3) reliability in meeting stochastically varying demands. These objectives were evaluated based on the required number of times the pumps were turned on or off, the required total energy cost, and the minimum required storage during the operating horizon. A set of nondominated solutions to show the explicit trade-off relationships between the considered objectives was generated using a combination of the e-constraint method and the weighting method. A forward dynamic programming algorithm was applied to find the optimal solution to the discretized multiobjective problem. Decision makers can evaluate the developed trade-off relationship to identify potential operational alternatives for more detailed evaluation. The methodology was .
The bulk photovoltaic effect of photorefractive :Fe crystals at high light intensities

Direct measurements of the bulk photovoltaic current density in photorefractive and crystals were performed at high light intensities. Illumination of the crystals with light pulses of a Q-switched frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (pulse duration 20 ns; light wavelength 532 nm) yielded a photovoltaic current through the crystals which charged a capacitor. Afterwards an electrometer measured the voltage of the charged capacitor. From this voltage and from capacity and exposure time the current density was deduced. For intensities above a contribution to which increased quadratically with light intensity I appeared for crystals. Co-doping with Mg and Zn lowered the quadratic component. Our results are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with previous holographic measurements and support the claim that the intrinsic defect acts as a secondary photorefractive centre in at high light intensities.
Evaluation of Vertical Winds near and inside a Cloud Deck Using Coherent Doppler Lidar

Abstract This paper summarizes high-resolution measurements of the vertical wind fields near and inside a cloud deck from a ground-based 2-μm solid state coherent Doppler lidar. Results include physical characterization of the deck and wind field statistics near and inside the cloud. The data suggest the possibility of wave conditions, which is supported by the corresponding National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration profiler data. The temporal spectra of the vertical velocity estimates inside the cloud have a −5/3 power-law dependence, and estimates for the spatial structure function and energy dissipation rate are computed. Spectra are investigated for rain conditions where two spectral peaks are observed: one for aerosol target and one for rain.
ON CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF DUAL PROXIMAL-GRADIENT METHODS WITH APPROXIMATE GRADIENT FOR A CLASS OF NONSMOOTH CONVEX MINIMIZATION PROBLEMS

In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing a nonsmooth convex objective which is the sum of a proper, nonsmooth, closed, strongly convex extend real-valued function with a proper, nonsmooth, closed, convex extend real-valued function which is a composition of a proper closed convex function and a nonzero affine map. We first establish its dual problem which consists of minimizing the sum of a smooth convex function with a closed proper nonsmooth convex function. Then we apply first order proximal gradient methods on the dual problem, where an error is present in the calculation of the gradient of the smooth term. Further we present a dual proximal-gradient methods with approximate gradient. We show that when the errors are summable although the dual lowest objective function sequence generated by the proximal-gradient method with the errors converges to the optimal value with the rate $O(\frac{1}{k})$, the rate of convergence of the primal sequence is of the order $O(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}$).
Characterization of L p -solutions for the two-scale dilation equations

We give a characterization of the existence of compactly supported $L^p $-solutions, $1 \leq p < \infty $, for the two-scale dilation equations. For the $L^2 $-case, the condition reduces to the determination of the spectral radius of a certain matrix in terms of the coefficients, which can be calculated through a finite step algorithm. For the other cases, we implement the characterization by the four-coefficient dilation equation and obtain some simple sufficient conditions for the existence of the solutions. The results are compared with known ones.
Non-linear and adaptive backstepping designs for tracking control of ships

In this paper two non-linear control laws for ships are derived by using a non-linear ship model which includes the hydrodynamic effects due to time-varying speed and wave frequency. The non-linear ship model does not have the structural properties of symmetric inertia and positive damping at high speed, which are common assumptions, when designing non-linear ship tracking control systems. Backstepping control designs are used to circumvent the problem of a non-symmetrical inertia matrix. The first case is ship tracking with full actuation in surge, sway and yaw while the second case discusses an emergency situation where a ship is supposed to track a time-varying trajectory by using the bow thruster and one of the main propellers as actuation devices only. The application of speed- and wave-dependent models for ship control is a first step towards the design of a new generation of non-linear ship control systems that can operate under time-varying speed and wave frequency conditions. Previous work has often relied on the assumption of constant speed, and practical solutions have been based on switching between different control schemes at different speeds. Slowly varying environmental disturbances, such as ocean current, second-order wave-induced disturbances and wind forces, are compensated for by using adaptive backstepping. Global uniform asymptotic stability (GUAS) is proven for the fully actuated case by using a recent theorem for GUAS when backstepping with integral action, whereas asymptotic tracking of position and velocity are shown for the degraded control case. Computer simulations illustrate the performance and the robustness of the control laws for an offshore supply vessel. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On completely continuous Hankel matrices

1. Main theorem. Let x = (xo, xi, • • • ) be a sequence of complex numbers and let | x \ he the norm | x | = (^Z | x„ |2)1/2 2:0. Let an asterisk denote complex conjugation. If \x\ < <» and |y| < oo, let [x, y] = [y, x] denote the sum of the series ^T,xnyn, that is, the "scalar" product of y by x*. For a given x with a finite norm |x|, let x(t) denote a function of class i2(0, 27r) having the Fourier series
The impact of social crowding on color saturation preference: The mediating role of threat to freedom and avoidance behavior

This study explores the impact of social crowding on color saturation preference and its internal psychological mechanism. In three studies (333 subjects), two different stimuli are used to manipulate the level of social crowding to probe into individuals' preference for product color saturation in socially crowded settings. The findings reveal that in socially crowded environments, individuals prefer products with low color saturation, where threat to freedom and the need to avoid have mediating effects. That is, in socially crowded settings, individuals’ perceived threats to freedom are enhanced, which makes them more inclined to choose products with low color saturation to express their need to avoid and deal with the threats. This paper combines social crowding with product color saturation preference, enriches the research on social crowding and color marketing, and improves the theoretical system of social crowding theory. This study also provides insights of product package color strategies, and can help brands formulate more accurate color marketing strategies according to the environment of product sales channels.
Some statistical properties of power averages for lognormal samples

Power averages are often used to estimate the effective permeability of a region based on sample measurements. Since the average is computed from a limited number of samples, it may suffer bias and sampling variation. Expressions for bias and sampling variation are derived here for averages having any exponent value between +1 (arithmetic average) and −1 (harmonic average). The derivations assume independent, lognormally distributed samples. The expressions agree with known results for the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic averages. Estimator bias is generally smaller than 15% for common levels of permeability variability and sample numbers. Sampling variability, however, may be a considerable fraction of the true mean. If sampling schemes aim to collect sufficient data to keep the harmonic average within acceptable tolerances, other averages will meet or better that tolerance.
THROMBELASTOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERCOAGULABLE STATE IN CANCER PATIENTS – CASE REPORT

Summary Standard coagulation tests are plasma based and do not give complete information about coagulation in vivo. Thromboelastography is a test which allows coagulation testing in whole blood. It is useful in perioperative management of bleeding patients and results can be helpful in choice of therapy. Aim of our study was to compare thromboelastography results with standard coagulation test results in two patients. Thromboelastography results did not show any abnormalities and results of standard coagulation tests were in concordance with patient’s therapy
Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Management of Bank Sahabat Sampoerna

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of service quality, customer motivation and customer behavior on customer satisfaction with customer complaints as moderation and its impact on customer loyalty at Bank Sabahat Sampoerna Branch Kelapa Gading This study uses the SEM method with the Smart-PLS application. The number of samples in this study amounted to 52 with the sampling technique of accidental sampling which is included in the type of non-probability sampling where the object in this study is the customer who uses credit facilities at Bank Sahabat Sampoerna Branch Kelapa Gading. The results of this study obtained the endogenous variable Customer Satisfaction (Y) of 0.98 and Customer Loyalty (Z) of 0.97. This indicates that the endogenous latent variable Customer Satisfaction (Y) is strongly influenced by the exogenous variables of Service Quality (X1), Customer Motivation (X2) and Customer Behavior (X3). Meanwhile, the endogenous latent variable of Customer Loyalty (Z) is strongly influenced by 0.97 by the exogenous variables of Service Quality (X1), Customer Motivation (X2) and Customer Behavior (X3) through the mediating variable of Customer Satisfaction (Y).
Introspection of Wishes

: The aim of this paper is to lay the groundwork for extending the idea of transparent introspection to wishes. First, I elucidate the notion of transparent introspection and highlight its advantages over rival accounts of self-knowledge (section 1). Then I pose several problems that seem to obstruct the extension of transparent introspection to wishes (section 2). In order to overcome these problems, I call into question the standard propositional attitude analysis of non-doxastic attitudes (section 3). My considerations lead to a non-orthodox account of attitudes in general and wishes in particular in light of which the problems presented in section 2 disappear (section 4).
K-essence: cosmology

In this work we consider different aspects of k-essence theories, which are scalar field theories described by the generally covariant and Lorentz invariant action with non-canonical kinetic terms. It is shown that, because of the intrinsic nonlinearity, these theories can have rather unexpected and unusual physical properties. As in the usual relativistic field theories, any nontrivial dynamical solution of the k-essence equation of motion spontaneously breaks the Lorentz invariance. Thus the perturbations around such solutions propagate in a "new aether". In contrast to the usual relativistic field theories, these perturbations propagate in an "effective" metric which is different from the usual gravitational metric. This effective metric can be interpreted as the so-called "emergent spacetime". In this thesis we show that the dynamics of the perturbations can be described by the action which is generally covariant with respect to the reparameterization of this "emergent spacetime". The most interesting manifestation of this "emergent spacetime" is that perturbations can propagate faster than light. We show that despite the superluminal propagation the causal paradoxes do not arise in these theories, and in this respect these theories are not less safe than General Relativity. This superluminal propagation of perturbations has interesting consequences for cosmology and black hole physics. In particular, it is possible to construct models of inflation with an enhanced production of gravitational waves. This in turn can be verified in the nearest future by the observations of the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). Moreover, we have shown that there exist k-essence models which in principle allow to obtain information from the region beyond the black hole horizon. This information is encoded in the perturbations around the solution describing the stationary accretion of the k-essence onto the black hole. In addition, we discuss the possible dynamical violation of the Null Energy Condition (NEC) in the k-essence models. The violation of NEC by the dynamical Dark Energy (DE) is not excluded and even slightly preferred by observations Moreover, the violation of NEC plays a crucial role in the pre-Big-Bang scenarios. We have shown that in the framework of general k-essence the dynamical violation of NEC is physically implausible.
Higher Toroidal Regular Polytopes

Abstract /quad A regular polytope is locally toroidal if its minimal sections which are not of spherical type are toroids. The locally toroidal polytopes of rank 4 have been extensively discussed, and their classification is now nearly complete. In this paper, the locally toroidal polytopes of higher rank are investigated. Again, an almost complete classification of these regular polytopes is obtained; as well as sporadic examples, there are several infinite families.
Efficacy of stem cells in bone rehabilitation in patients with alveolar bone atrophy: a systematic review

Background Biomedical engineering proposes the use of stem cells as a bone rehabilitation treatment in patients with alveolar bone defects. Many authors suggest that this innovative technique could represent the future of bone regeneration in dentistry. The present study systematically reviewed the efficacy of stem cells in bone regeneration in patients with alveolar bone atrophy. Material and Methods The study was developed following the criteria of the PRISMA guideline (2020). The literature review was conducted in Pubmed, Medline Complete, and Scopus. The search algorithms used the following key words: stem cells, bone regeneration, and alveolar ridge augmentation. To assess the risk of bias, the CASPe methodology was used. Results Seven clinical trials in humans were included in this systematic review. In all the studies, the proposed objective of bone regeneration by using stem cells was achieved, although in a different way with different results. Although the authors of the analysed clinical trials achieved favourable results, they highlighted the presence of multiple limitations throughout bone regeneration treatments, such as scarce scientific literature on stem cells, a reduced number of follow-up studies, and a lack of a standardized international protocol. Conclusions Based on the analysed studies, it is concluded that the therapy proposed by tissue engineering through the use of stem cells to rehabilitate patients with bone atrophies can be considered effective. In addition, the need for further studies and standardization of protocols is highlighted. Key words:Stem cells, bone rehabilitation, alveolar bone atrophy, tissue engineering.
Religious Coping Strategies in Patients With Post-traumatic Growth Due to COVID-19: A Qualitative Study

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 crisis has caused a wave of stress, psychological disorders and physical problems in the world, but some people experience post-traumatic growth despite these problems. The aim of this study was to explain the religious coping strategies of growth based on the experiences of patients with COVID-19. Methods: A qualitative research design was conducted using content analysis method. Twenty-five participants were selected using purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured and in-depth interviews. Purposeful sampling was used to achieve data saturation. Data were analyzed according to the step-by-step process of Brown and Clark content analysis using MAXQDA software. Results: Data analysis resulted in 386 primary codes, 18 basic themes, 11 organizing themes. Religious coping strategies of post-traumatic growth in patients with COVID-19 were: “Spiritual reflection”, “Positive religious framing”, “Prayer”, “Religious benevolence”, “Invocation”, “Trusting”, “Religious hope”, “Religious modeling”, “Religious acceptance”, “Preparation for Death”, and “Seeking Religious support”. Conclusion: Positive religious coping strategies significantly contribute to post-traumatic growth in patients with COVID-19. The findings of the present study can be used to design scales for measuring religious coping strategies, design and effectiveness of intervention programs to help COVID-19 patients to cope with disease stress and facilitate post-traumatic growth.