Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of a Light Emitting Diode

Light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device used in a variety of applications, instruments and circuits. When current is passed through a forward biased LED, it emits light in visible, infrared or ultraviolet region. In this article, an experiment on the external efficiency of a bright red LED is presented. We study the variation of efficiency of a LED with the current passing through it and find the value of current at which the efficiency is maximum. We then determine the total radiant power emitted by the LED and calculate its maximum external efficiency.
A Knowledge Engineering Approach Supporting Collaborative Working Environments based on Semantic Services

This paper brings a contribution focused on collaborative engineering projects where knowledge plays a key role in the process. Collaboration is the arena, engineering projects are the target, knowledge is the currency used to provide harmony into the arena since it can potentially support innovation and, hence, a successful collaboration. Innovation often happens when knowledge (existing, recycled, or new) is combined and it depends on individuals (or groups) holding the appropriate knowledge to provide the required breakthrough. This work aims to support collaborative work carried out by project teams, through a set of knowledgeenabled services context aware. We introduce our conceptual approach (and its respective implementation) supporting a modular set of semantic services based on individual collaboration in a project-based environment, the CoSpaces Knowledge Support (CoSKS) component. CoSKS provides semantic based classification, reasoning and context analysis processes, to support the instantiation of the knowledge spiral and transform it into a semantically contextualized knowledge tree, made out of concepts that best represent contexts. Results achieved so far and future goals pursued by this work are also presented here. This work has been conducted as part of the CoSpaces Integrated project, funded by the European Commission.
On the robustness to multiple agent losses in 2D and 3D formations

Multi‐agent formations have been recently the subject of many studies. An important operational challenge, largely unaddressed in the literature, is to ensure that functionality of the formation is retained should agents be lost through misadventure, mission reassignment, and so on. In the context of sensor networks, it is also important to allow for the loss of multiple sensors as the low quality of sensor hardware, common unattended implementations, and so on makes it a common issue. In this paper, we address these issues by proposing information structures that are tolerant to the loss of multiple agents. Using graph theory (and more specifically rigidity theory), we characterize several properties of such formations/networks in a unified framework: We characterize the k‐vertex rigidity property of the underling graph of such formations. This is performed by deriving a set of useful conditions that can form a guideline for designing agent‐loss‐tolerant formations. We elaborate the study by characterizing robust formations with the optimal number of control links. We also propose a set of operations preserving the tolerance to multiple agent losses in such formations. These operations provide flexibility in designing the formations in terms of several designing parameters (e.g., geometry, diameter, and max degree). Especially in the case of formations, the ability to handle controller adjustments in a distributed way is important, and the paper addresses this issue for a number of the robustness problems considered. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reappraisal of previously reported meta-analyses on antibiotic prophylaxis for low-risk laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an overview of systematic reviews

Introduction Many researchers have addressed overdosage and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Many meta-analyses have investigated antibiotic prophylaxis for low-risk laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the aim of reducing unnecessary antibiotic use. Most of these meta-analyses have concluded that prophylactic antibiotics are not required for low-risk laparoscopic cholecystectomies. This study aimed to assess the validity of this conclusion by systematically reviewing these meta-analyses. Methods A systematic review was undertaken. Searches were limited to meta-analyses and systematic reviews. PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched from inception until March 2016 using the following keyword combinations: ‘antibiotic prophylaxis’, ‘laparoscopic cholecystectomy’ and ‘systematic review or meta-analysis’. Two independent reviewers selected meta-analyses or systematic reviews evaluating prophylactic antibiotics for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All of the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) analysed in these meta-analyses were also reviewed. Results Seven meta-analyses regarding prophylactic antibiotics for low-risk laparoscopic cholecystectomy that had examined a total of 28 RCTs were included. Review of these meta-analyses revealed 48 miscounts of the number of outcomes. Six RCTs were inappropriate for the meta-analyses; one targeted patients with acute cholecystitis, another measured inappropriate outcomes, the original source of a third was not found and the study protocols of the remaining three were not appropriate for the meta-analyses. After correcting the above miscounts and excluding the six inappropriate RCTs, pooled risk ratios (RRs) were recalculated. These showed that, contrary to what had previously been concluded, antibiotics significantly reduced the risk of postoperative infections. The rates of surgical site, distant and overall infections were all significantly reduced by antibiotic administration (RR (95% CI); 0.71 (0.51 to 0.99), 0.37 (0.19 to 0.73), 0.50 (0.34 to 0.75), respectively). Conclusions Prophylactic antibiotics reduce the incidence of postoperative infections after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Nonequilibrium dynamics and fluctuation-dissipation relation in a sheared fluid

The nonequilibrium dynamics of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture in a simple shear flow is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The range of temperature T investigated covers both the liquid, supercooled, and glassy states, while the shear rate γ covers both the linear and nonlinear regimes of rheology. The results can be interpreted in the context of a nonequilibrium, schematic mode-coupling theory developed recently, which makes the theory applicable to a wide range of soft glassy materials. The behavior of the viscosity η(T,γ) is first investigated. In the nonlinear regime, strong shear-thinning is obtained, η∼γ−α(T), with α(T)≃23 in the supercooled regime. Scaling properties of the intermediate scattering functions are studied. Standard “mode-coupling properties” of factorization and time superposition hold in this nonequilibrium situation. The fluctuation-dissipation relation is violated in the shear flow in a way very similar to that predicted theoretically, allowing for the definit.
The relationship between theory of mind and the executive functions: Evidence from patients with frontal lobe damage

ABSTRACT “Theory of mind” (ToM) refers to the ability to predict others’ thoughts, intentions, beliefs, and feelings. Evidence from neuropsychology and functional imaging indicates that ToM is a domain-specific or modular architecture; however, research in development psychology has suggested that ToM is the full development of the executive functions in individuals. Therefore, the relationship between ToM and the executive functions needs to be clarified. Since the frontal lobe plays a critical role in the abilities of ToM and the executive functions, patients with frontal lobe damage were recruited for the present study. Assessments of ToM and the executive functions were performed on 23 patients with frontal lobe damage and 20 healthy controls. When controlling for the executive functions, significant differences between the patient and normal groups were found in the affective component of ToM, but not in the cognitive component. The present study suggests that in various social situations, executing ToM abilities requires logical reasoning processes provided by the executive functions. However, the reasoning processes of affective ToM are independent of executive functions.
The standardization puzzle : An issue management approach to understand corporate responsibility standards for the forest products industry

There are increasing discussions regarding creation of global corporate social responsibility (CSR) standards. One important approach to understanding CSR is issue management. We adopted an issue identification approach to examine the issues faced by the forest products industries in the United States and India. Interviews were conducted with a range of key informants regarding social responsibility issues in the forest products industry in both countries. Our results show that there are marked differences in the issues with which key informants think forest products companies should be concerned. The results suggest that even though overarching CSR guidelines are globally relevant, any CSR standard for global forest products companies must maintain context-specific components.
Security Architecture for a Secure Database on Android

As mobile devices are increasingly used in various daily activities, they have become a movable storage that stores various personal/business information of users. Most mobile OSes, including Android, store personal data in databases and provide APIs for apps, which can be used to access a database managed by the system or to manage its own database. However, Android, which is our main focus here, stores data as plaintext in its database; as a result, the database content can be leaked unintentionally through several vulnerabilities. Additionally, the responsibility for the security of the database content created by an app lies with the developer of the app, while the mobile OS only provides minimal security features, such as isolation and access control. In this paper, we propose a security architecture to construct a secure database environment on Android. To this end, we entirely separate the database system from the app domain—to the best of our knowledge, this is the first such design for localized mobile databases. The separated database system manages a database with encryption; hence, data are no longer stored as plaintext. By delivering the responsibility over the system, this separation enables app developers to be free from the difficult task of managing the security of the database. The proposed system also provides tight access control over a database by using a runtime information of an app. Note that the current access control of Android is based on the Linux uid of an app. Thus, access is granted to a database if the app has the correct uid, regardless of the identity of the app. That is, our method creates a one-to-one pairing between the app and its database, and ensures that database access is granted only to the owner app. Additionally, we propose a similarity comparison method that helps to determine whether a new app is an updated of a previous version; this improves upon the current method, which relies only on a signature check and the package name of the app. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed architecture, we conduct a series of experiments on our prototype implementation. The results show that the proposed secure database architecture is feasible with acceptable overhead.
Identification and molecular phylogeny of agriculturally important spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, with an emphasis on Tetranychus.

Tetranychid mites are serious agricultural pests. Identification of species in the Tetranychidae is hampered by their close morphological similarities, especially for species within the genus Tetranychus. In this study, we examined the relationships of nine agriculturally important species in the Tetranychidae from China based on mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 of ribosomal RNA gene) sequences. The results confirm the monophyly of the morphologically defined Tetranychus, Panonychus, Amphitetranychus and Petrobia. However the position of Amphitetranychus viennensis within the Tetranychidae needs to be confirmed. The genetic distances between Tetranychus truncatus, T. turkestani and T. urticae that their taxonomy needs revision. In particular, both cytochrome oxidase 1 and the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 of rDNA sequences showed large geographical differences within T. cinnabarinus, suggesting the existence of cryptic species within this species.
Robust time-of-arrival estimation in multipath channels with OFDM signals

Time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation of OFDM signals in multipath channels is challenging, especially when the signal bandwidth is limited, such as is the case of WIFI. In this paper, a novel low complexity TOA estimation algorithm is developed for OFDM signals that is robust to various multipath environments. We approximate the received signal as Gaussian with a proposed autocorrelation model, and then derive the Maximum Likelihood estimator with an efficient implementation algorithm. The estimator performance was tested with off-the-shelf WIFI 802.11g routers. The results show that the proposed TOA estimator outperforms other known reference methods over various indoor environments.
p53 as a Dichotomous Regulator of Liver Disease: The Dose Makes the Medicine

Lifestyle-related disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, have become a primary risk factor for the development of liver pathologies that can progress from hepatic steatosis, hepatic insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, to the most severe condition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While the prevalence of liver pathologies is steadily increasing in modern societies, there are currently no approved drugs other than chemotherapeutic intervention in late stage HCC. Hence, there is a pressing need to identify and investigate causative molecular pathways that can yield new therapeutic avenues. The transcription factor p53 is well established as a tumor suppressor and has recently been described as a central metabolic player both in physiological and pathological settings. Given that liver is a dynamic tissue with direct exposition to ingested nutrients, hepatic p53, by integrating cellular stress response, metabolism and cell cycle regulation, has emerged as an important regulator of liver homeostasis and dysfunction. The underlying evidence is reviewed herein, with a focus on clinical data and animal studies that highlight a direct influence of p53 activity on different stages of liver diseases. Based on current literature showing that activation of p53 signaling can either attenuate or fuel liver disease, we herein discuss the hypothesis that, while hyper-activation or loss of function can cause disease, moderate induction of hepatic p53 within physiological margins could be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of liver pathologies. Hence, stimuli that lead to a moderate and temporary p53 activation could present new therapeutic approaches through several entry points in the cascade from hepatic steatosis to HCC.
WiFi-Based Indoor Line-of-Sight Identification

Wireless LANs, particularly WiFi, have been pervasively deployed and have fostered myriad wireless communication services and ubiquitous computing applications. A primary concern in designing these applications is to combat harsh indoor propagation environments, particularly Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) propagation. The ability to identify the existence of the Line-Of-Sight (LOS) path acts as a key enabler for adaptive communication, cognitive radios, and robust localization. Enabling such capability on commodity WiFi infrastructure, however, is prohibitive due to the coarse multipath resolution with MAC-layer received signal strength. In this paper, we propose two PHY-layer channel-statistics-based features from both the time and frequency domains. To further break away from the intrinsic bandwidth limit of WiFi, we extend to the spatial domain and harness natural mobility to magnify the randomness of NLOS paths while retaining the deterministic nature of the LOS component. We propose LiFi, a statistical LOS identification scheme with commodity WiFi infrastructure, and evaluate it in typical indoor environments covering an area of 1500 m 2. Experimental results demonstrate that LiFi achieves an overall LOS detection rate of 90.42% with a false alarm rate of 9.34% for the temporal feature and an overall LOS detection rate of 93.09% with a false alarm rate of 7.29% for the spectral feature.
Structural and computational analysis of intermolecular interactions in a new 2-thiouracil polymorph.

The crystallization and characterization of a new polymorph of 2-thiouracil by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface analysis and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations are described. The previously published polymorph (A) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}, while that described herein (B) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. Periodic DFT calculations showed that the energies of polymorphs A and B, compared to the gas-phase geometry, were -108.8 and -29.4 kJ mol-1, respectively. The two polymorphs have different intermolecular contacts that were analyzed and are discussed in detail. Significant differences in the molecular structure were found only in the bond lengths and angles involving heteroatoms that are involved in hydrogen bonds. Decomposition of the Hirshfeld fingerprint plots revealed that O.H and S.H contacts cover over 50% of the noncovalent contacts in both of the polymorphs; however, they are quite different in strength. Hydrogen bonds of the N-H.O and N-H.S types were found in polymorph A, whereas in polymorph B, only those of the N-H.O type are present, resulting in a different packing in the unit cell. QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms in molecules) computational analysis showed that the interaction energies for these weak-to-medium strength hydrogen bonds with a noncovalent or mixed interaction character were estimated to fall within the ranges 5.4-10.2 and 4.9-9.2 kJ mol-1 for polymorphs A and B, respectively. Also, the NCI (noncovalent interaction) plots revealed weak stacking interactions. The interaction energies for these interactions were in the ranges 3.5-4.1 and 3.1-5.5 kJ mol-1 for polymorphs A and B, respectively, as shown by QTAIM analysis.
Asymptomatic Cattle Naturally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis Present Exacerbated Tissue Pathology and Bacterial Dissemination

Rational discovery of novel immunodiagnostic and vaccine candidate antigens to control bovine tuberculosis (bTB) requires knowledge of disease immunopathogenesis. However, there remains a paucity of information on the Mycobacterium bovis-host immune interactions during the natural infection. Analysis of 247 naturally PPD+ M. bovis-infected cattle revealed that 92% (n = 228) of these animals were found to display no clinical signs, but presented severe as well as disseminated bTB-lesions at post-mortem examination. Moreover, dissemination of bTB-lesions positively correlated with both pathology severity score (Spearman r = 0.48; p<0.0001) and viable tissue bacterial loads (Spearman r = 0.58; p = 0.0001). Additionally, granuloma encapsulation negatively correlated with M. bovis growth as well as pathology severity, suggesting that encapsulation is an effective mechanism to control bacterial proliferation during natural infection. Moreover, multinucleated giant cell numbers were found to negatively correlate with bacterial counts (Spearman r = 0.25; p = 0.03) in lung granulomas. In contrast, neutrophil numbers in the granuloma were associated with increased M. bovis proliferation (Spearman r = 0.27; p = 0.021). Together, our findings suggest that encapsulation and multinucleated giant cells control M. bovis viability, whereas neutrophils may serve as a cellular biomarker of bacterial proliferation during natural infection. These data integrate host granuloma responses with mycobacterial dissemination and could provide useful immunopathological-based biomarkers of disease severity in natural infection with M. bovis, an important cattle pathogen.
Feature Extraction of Electronic Nose Signals Using QPSO-Based Multiple KFDA Signal Processing

The aim of this research was to enhance the classification accuracy of an electronic nose (E-nose) in different detecting applications. During the learning process of the E-nose to predict the types of different odors, the prediction accuracy was not quite satisfying because the raw features extracted from sensors’ responses were regarded as the input of a classifier without any feature extraction processing. Therefore, in order to obtain more useful information and improve the E-nose’s classification accuracy, in this paper, a Weighted Kernels Fisher Discriminant Analysis (WKFDA) combined with Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO), i.e., QWKFDA, was presented to reprocess the original feature matrix. In addition, we have also compared the proposed method with quite a few previously existing ones including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Locality Preserving Projections (LPP), Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) and Kernels Fisher Discriminant Analysis (KFDA). Experimental results proved that QWKFDA is an effective feature extraction method for E-nose in predicting the types of wound infection and inflammable gases, which shared much higher classification accuracy than those of the contrast methods.
Idiom Savant at Semeval-2017 Task 7: Detection and Interpretation of English Puns

This paper describes our system, entitled Idiom Savant, for the 7th Task of the Semeval 2017 workshop, “Detection and interpretation of English Puns”. Our system consists of two probabilistic models for each type of puns using Google n-gram and Word2Vec. Our system achieved f-score of calculating, 0.663, and 0.07 in homographic puns and 0.8439, 0.6631, and 0.0806 in heterographic puns in task 1, task 2, and task 3 respectively.
Manipulating Objects with a Power Assist Robot in Linear Vertical and Harmonic Motion: Psychophysical-Biomechanical Approach to Analyzing Human Characteristics to Improve the Control

This paper investigates human characteristics in terms of weight perception, load forces, motions etc. for manipulating objects with a power assist robot and proposes a novel control for the robot based on the human characteristics to improve maneuverability, safety etc. We hypothesized that weight perception due to inertia might be different from that due to gravity for manipulating objects with power-assist. A 1-DOF power assist robot was developed and simulated. Subjects manipulated objects with the robot for two types of motions: (i) linear vertical (lifting objects vertically), (ii) harmonic (objects repeatedly lifted up and lowered down). We analyzed weight perception, load forces and motions. We then introduced a novel control strategy, which was such that a virtual mass exponentially declined from a large value to a small one when the subjects manipulated the objects with the robot and the command velocity exceeded a threshold. The novel control reduced excessive load forces and accelerations and improved maneuverability, safety etc. We compared the results for linear motion to that for harmonic motion. We also demonstrated the conditions to further optimize the performances. Finally, we proposed using the findings to develop human-friendly power assist devices to manipulate heavy objects in industries that would improve productivity, worker’s health and wellness. We also argued that the weight perceptual and psychophysical criteria used to control the robot would satisfy the biomechanical criteria of robot operator manipulating heavy objects, and thus we attempted to establish a trade-off between psychophysical and biomechanical criteria for manipulating objects with power-assist.