Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corpus-based Sublanguage Modelling for NLP Applications : a Tentative Methodology

The present paper proposes a methodology for natural language modelling in the prospect of automation. The author advocates that any enterprise aiming at the formalisation of natural language (at any level of description) requires a threefold validation : (i) the developed language models (or lingwares) account for language productions realized in a real-scale context (empirical validation). At this stage the collation and exploitation of language corpora is a key factor; (ii) the models aim at maximal descriptive adequacy : they are more motivated by linguistic criteria than by their internal coherence (theoretical validation); (iii) the models are to be implemented within the current limitations of information technology (operational validation). It appears however that models that fully satisfy empirical, theoretical and operational validity are impossible, as such models reduce the language to its tractable dimensions, and as the intractability of natural language in general has been proved. As a consequence, computers can process specific portions of natural language only adequately in limited and well-defined conceptual worlds. When referring to this specialized knowledge, we will show that the above validity criteria can be successfully revisited in the light of the notion of sublanguage (with prototypical dimensions at lexical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels). The approach will be illustrated with applications in the field of medical language.
A Low-Cost, High Resolution, 360° Phase/Gain Shifter in SiGe BiCMOS

A quadrature phase shifter has been implemented in a 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The phase shifter core consists of a novel high resolution (2 x 5 bit) direct digitally controlled dual-path programmable gain amplifier driving a successive two pole passive polyphase filter. Since this core is a fully differential device, on-chip baluns have been employed to decrease the number of off-chip components to the minimum. Multi-tanh gm stages are employed to increase linearity. The circuit features 50 Ω-compatible single-ended in- and outputs and a full 360 o phase shifting range. To the author's knowing, the presented phase shifter is the first to be designed for commercial S-band (2.9 GHz . 3.1 GHz) shipborne radar systems as specified in IEC standard 62388. It generates 1024 equally distributed phase/amplitude states with a maximum relative deviation of below 2%. Therefore, the circuit is a suitable solution for cost-sensitive phased array applications with high precision requirements. I. INTRODUCTION Phase shifters, being the key element of transmit/receive (T/R) modules, have always been the limiting factor regarding cost for phased antenna arrays. Distributed microwave circuit
More Is More in Language Learning: Reconsidering the Less-Is-More Hypothesis

The Less-is-More hypothesis was proposed to explain age-of-acquisition effects in first language (L1) acquisition and second language (L2) attainment. We scrutinize different renditions of the hypothesis by examining how learning outcomes are affected by (1) limited cognitive capacity, (2) reduced interference resulting from less prior knowledge, and (3) simplified language input. While there is little-to-no evidence of benefits of limited cognitive capacity, there is ample support for a More-is-More account linking enhanced capacity with better L1- and L2-learning outcomes, and reduced capacity with childhood language disorders. Instead, reduced prior knowledge (relative to adults) may afford children with greater flexibility in inductive inference; this contradicts the idea that children benefit from a more constrained hypothesis space. Finally, studies of child-directed speech (CDS) confirm benefits from less complex input at early stages, but also emphasize how greater lexical and syntactic complexity of the input confers benefits in L1-attainment.
Silver Nanoparticles Interactions with the Immune System: Implications for Health and Disease

Our immune system constantly interacts with our internal environment, protects us from our external environment and provides the inherent knowledge to sense the difference between friend and foe with important implications in human health and disease (Pozo, 2008). For these reasons, it is important to identify functional alteration of key immune responses as the number of silver nano-enabled products grows while the current data strongly suggest that other related nanomaterials, such as polymer nanoparticles, fullerenes, dendrimers and gold nanoparticles, interact with the immune system.
Inferring Disease Contact Networks from Genetic Data

The analysis of genetic sequence data collected during disease outbreaks has emerged as a promising new tool for understanding infectious disease dynamics and designing control measures against infectious diseases. Hence, there is a need for statistical methodologies that effectively integrate genetic data with other epidemiological data to perform inference on the underlying disease dynamics. In this project, we model contact networks using a random graph model, and tackle the problem of inferring parameters of the contact network over which diseases spread, using both genetic and other epidemiological data. We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to perform Bayesian inference for both the parameters of the stochastic epidemic model and the underlying contact network. We evaluate the algorithm by simulating random contact networks, simulating epidemics over these networks, simulating viral evolution sequences over the resulting epidemics, and comparing the inferences our algorithm makes on this data with the true parameters. Finally, we apply our approach to analyze 433 H1N1 viral genetic sequences drawn from the early stages of the H1N1 influenza pandemic.
A Classification of E-Business Applications: Preliminary Results

Predictions that SMEs would be the primary beneficiaries of e-business have not materialized. One of the main reasons is the failure to understand the value of e-business in the SME environment. Researchers have argued that a classification of the myriad of possible e-business applications is a necessary first step in understanding this value. Some classifications exist, but few are based on established conceptual frameworks, are not comprehensive and do not permit useful comparisons. We propose a classification scheme based on the value chain model, consisting of 102 applications within nine categories. We apply the model to assess the current state of e-business among SMEs. The classification scheme and knowledge of the current state of e-business is expected to be of use to researchers, to SMEs and service providers and government agencies on whom SMEs are dependent, given limited internal resources.
It's time for a change to a troponin standard.

Recently, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) convened a conference to discuss refinements in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The panel on biochemistry considered issues related to the use of marker proteins. We were guided predominantly by the science of the area. We were also cognizant of the impact that changes in the standards would have on epidemiology, clinical trials, education of physicians, and patient care. Our recommendations will be incorporated, with the recommendations of the other panels, into a position paper for the ESC and the ACC. However, the members of the biochemistry group decided to express the opinions we felt were important in this area independently. Our thinking does not represent the position of the ESC, the ACC, or of the conjoint task force. Many modifications of the original World Health Organization criteria for acute myocardial infarction1 have been accepted and incorporated into the ESC/ACC criteria; some deletions have also occurred. Until recently, most markers were detected using enzymatic activity; detection of the protein concentration now is preferred. Thus, it is more appropriate to refer to molecules released into the circulation as a consequence of cardiac injury as biochemical diagnostic markers or biomarkers. In this editorial, we emphasize issues related to the biochemical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. New and improved plasma biomarkers (troponins) with better sensitivity and specificity will be emphasized in preference to markers such as total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Rapid assays for the early detection of infarction that may be helpful will be delineated, and the use of the troponin markers to aid in the risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes will be recommended. ### Biomarker Increases Detectable increases in the biomarkers of cardiac injury are indicative of injury to the …
USING PROSODIC CUES IN SPOKEN DIALOG SYSTEMS

In this paper we show how prosody can be used in spoken dialog systems. First, we describe the phenomena that prosodic analysis is concerned with and give examples why prosody is relevant in the context of spoken dialog processing. Then we examine prosody in the light of pattern classification. We show how prosodic events can be categorized. We detail how those prosodic events manifest themselves in the speech signal, i.e. what acoustic features are important. Having made clear what we want to distinguish and which features we use in order to do that, we present a statistical framework that enables us to reliably determine e.g. phrase boundaries and accents. After that we show how dialog systems can utilize prosodic information. The importance of prosody is strikingly demonstrated in the context of parsing word hypothesis graphs. In the VERBMOBIL speech–to–speech translation system, the use of boundary probabilities yields a speed–up of 92% and a 96% reduction of alternative readings. Segmentation and accentuation in the context of shallow linguistic analysis are other applications where prosody can be gainfully employed. For several new directions in prosody research (in the context of dialog systems) such as emotion detection, multi–lingual prosody, feature selection, and integration of prosodic knowledge in speech recognition, preliminary results are presented.
A Duality Exact Sequence for Legendrian Contact Homology

We establish a long exact sequence for Legendrian submanifolds L in P x R, where P is an exact symplectic manifold, which admit a Hamiltonian isotopy that displaces the projection of L off of itself. In this sequence, the singular homology H_* maps to linearized contact cohomology CH^* which maps to linearized contact homology CH_* which maps to singular homology. In particular, the sequence implies a duality between the kernel of the map (CH_*\to H_*) and the cokernel of the map (H_* \to CH^*). Furthermore, this duality is compatible with Poincare duality in L in the following sense: the Poincare dual of a singular class which is the image of a in CH_* maps to a class \alpha in CH^* such that \alpha(a)=1. The exact sequence generalizes the duality for Legendrian knots in Euclidean 3-space [24] and leads to a refinement of the Arnold Conjecture for double points of an exact Lagrangian admitting a Legendrian lift with linearizable contact homology, first proved in [6].
Taxon sampling and the accuracy of large phylogenies.

Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245 , USA; E-mail: rannala@life.bio. sunysb.edu Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0211 , USA Department of Biology, Galton Laboratory, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, England Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140 , USA
VAPB/ALS8 MSP Ligands Regulate Striated Muscle Energy Metabolism Critical for Adult Survival in Caenorhabditis elegans

Mutations in VAPB/ALS8 are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), two motor neuron diseases that often include alterations in energy metabolism. We have shown that C. elegans and Drosophila neurons secrete a cleavage product of VAPB, the N-terminal major sperm protein domain (vMSP). Secreted vMSPs signal through Roundabout and Lar-like receptors expressed on striated muscle. The muscle signaling pathway localizes mitochondria to myofilaments, alters their fission/fusion balance, and promotes energy production. Here, we show that neuronal loss of the C. elegans VAPB homolog triggers metabolic alterations that appear to compensate for muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. When vMSP levels drop, cytoskeletal or mitochondrial abnormalities in muscle induce elevated DAF-16, the Forkhead Box O (FoxO) homolog, transcription factor activity. DAF-16 promotes muscle triacylglycerol accumulation, increases ATP levels in adults, and extends lifespan, despite reduced muscle mitochondria electron transport chain activity. Finally, Vapb knock-out mice exhibit abnormal muscular triacylglycerol levels and FoxO target gene transcriptional responses to fasting and refeeding. Our data indicate that impaired vMSP signaling to striated muscle alters FoxO activity, which affects energy metabolism. Abnormalities in energy metabolism of ALS patients may thus constitute a compensatory mechanism counterbalancing skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction.
AR based upper limb rehabilitation system

More than 62,000 Australians were reported suffered from Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or stroke in 2011. These injuries and accidents lead to physical disability that yields in limitation for performing a person's daily life activities. To overcome such limitations, physical rehabilitation is conducted which requires one-to-one attention that creates a shortage in therapists and lead to high cost. In this paper, a development of an effective augmented reality (AR) based upper limb rehabilitation system with low cost is presented. Our development aims to close the gap in shortage of therapists, high health care cost of TBI, SCI and stroke. The proposed system can be used at home as well as in rehabilitation centers, units, and hospitals with minimum therapist supervision. It consists of two modules: AR based rehabilitation exercises module and real-time active muscle module. The first module aims to increase the upper limb range of motion via reaching exercises, and strengthen the associated muscles. In second module, the patient's EMG signals were used as an input to monitor the muscle performance in real time during training. Our development had tested with 10 healthy subjects and had demonstrated in Port Kembla Rehabilitation Hospital.
Skeletal Study of the Hominins from Hotu and Belt Caves, Iran An Example of Conservation Gone Wrong

Most anthropologists agree that Neandertals disappeared ca. 40,000—30,000 years BP* (Larsen, 2008). Recent genomic research has indicated that Neandertals may have interbred with modern humans (Durand et al., 2011). In the 1950s at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Mesolithic human (hereafter referred to as hominin) bones from Hotu and Belt Caves, Iran, were radiocarbon dated to approximately 8,000—11,000 years BP. However, these radiocarbon measurements were taken in the early 1950s before dating techniques had been refined and before the need for calibration curves had been realized. The scientist in charge of dating the samples remarked herself that the dates did not fit with the given context and that she feared contamination had ruined the results. Preliminary investigation of the remains indicates that at least one cranium, Belt Skull No. 2, presents both Homo sapiens (modern human) and Homo neanderthalensis (Neandertal) skeletal traits. I propose to examine the physical characteristics and determine the absolute age of the Mesolithic hominin skeletal remains from Hotu and Belt Caves, excavated by Dr. Carleton S. Coon of the Penn Museum in 1951-1952 in Northern Iran. These remains and their absolute age hold great implications for the relationship between modern humans and Neandertals, including the feasibility of interbreeding. In order to understand the relationship between hominin species, a reliable radiocarbon date must be made available for the Hotu and Belt Cave hominins. Dr. Janet Monge supervised the analysis and sampling of the skeletal material. Procuring a specimen fit for modern radiocarbon dating has proved difficult, as undocumented conservation techniques applied in the field and in the museum have contaminated a majority of the skeletal collection. Additionally, the radiocarbon dates from the 1950s must be calibrated in order to account for natural carbon isotope fluctuations and isotope fractionation. Disciplines Anthropology This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/anthro_seniortheses/142 Skeletal Study of the Hominins from Hotu and Belt Caves, Iran An Example of Conservation Gone Wrong
Challenges and Recent Advances in QoS Provisioning, Signaling, Routing and MAC protocols for MANETs

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), which comprise of mobile nodes connected wirelessly, are emerging as a very important technology for future generation of wireless mobile and ubiquitous computing. MANETs are being used in numerous application domains from emergency rescue and relief to wireless sensor networks. To support real-time communications (such as audio and video) over MANETs, new quality of service (QoS) provisioning mechanisms need to be developed. There are many challenges in QoS provisioning for MANETs such as dynamically changing topology, wireless capacity limitations, heterogeneous network environment, limited battery power etc. Previous QoS surveys in MANET have only looked at QoS provisioning models, signaling and routing. This paper presents a complete survey of the challenges and current state of the art of MANET QoS routing, signaling and MAC protocols as well as the various MANET QoS models that are being developed.
The analysis of wearable motion sensors in human activity recognition based on mutual information criterion

Selecting a suitable sensor configuration is an important aspect of recognizing human activities with wearable motion sensors. This problem encompasses selecting the number and type of the sensors, their position on the human body. In earlier works, researchers have used customized sensor configurations, and compared them with others in terms of the activity recognition rate. However, it is clear that these comparisons are dependent on the feature sets and classifiers employed. In this study, employing mutual information measure, sensor configurations are determined with respect to the time-domain distributions of the raw sensor measurements. The most informative axes of the accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers fixed at several locations on the human body are detected.
Short-Term Power Load Forecasting Using Improved Ant Colony Clustering

Ant colony algorithm (ACA), inspired by the food-searching behavior of ants, is an evolutionary algorithm and performs well in discrete optimization. Ant colony algorithms have been recently suggested for short-term load forecasting (STLF) by a large number of researchers. In this paper, an Improved ant colony clustering (IACC) based on Ant colony algorithm was put forward. In IACC, each load data was represented by an ant, making use of the parallel optimization characteristics of ant colony algorithm and the ability of volatile quotient method to adoptively change the amount of information, with improvements have been made by changing the pheromone concentration on every path and enhancing the heuristic function to accelerate the searching process. Experiments and comparisons are done to show that the IACC is an efficient and effective approach, not only IACC increased the STLF accuracy, but also IACC is more exquisite to the similarity of load curve profile.
Robust OFDMA Uplink Synchronization by Exploiting the Variance of Carrier Frequency Offsets

In this paper, the uplink frequency offset estimation for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing access (OFDMA) is discussed. We consider a general subcarrier allocation scheme where each user subcarrier group need not be contiguous. For an OFDMA uplink, we model the frequency offset for each user as an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variable with mean zero and variance sigma epsiv 2. An analysis of multiple access interference (MAI) is performed, and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the estimation of variance of each user is derived. The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is derived as a function of the variance of the frequency offset. The variance of the frequency offset estimation error is lower bounded as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Successive interference cancellation (SIC) and iterative frequency offset estimation are considered. An estimate of the variance of the frequency offset is derived as a function of SINR and SNR. An estimate of the range of frequency offsets is derived using the assumption of uniformly distributed frequency offsets. Based on this estimate of the range of frequency offsets, the accuracy of any existing algorithm can be improved. Thus, new versions of the SIC-based frequency offset estimation and differential estimation algorithms are derived. Extensive simulation results are provided for a 16-user, 256-subcarrier OFDMA system over a multipath fading channel.
Chemical composition of solar dried blood and the ruminal content and its effect on performance of Japanese quails

Aim: The aim was to determine the chemical composition of solar dried blood and rumen content (DBRC) and further ascertain the concentration at which DBRC could be included in Japanese quail diets without any adverse effect on its performance. Materials and Methods: Feeding trial on the effect of DBRC on performance of Japanese quails was studied up to 5 weeks. 252 numbers of day old (Nandanam Type III breed) Japanese quails were purchased from Poultry Research Station, Madhavaram and divided into 7 batches (control+ six treatments) each consisting of 36 birds. The DBRC was included at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% in diets as control, treatment-1 (T1), treatment-2 (T2), treatment-3 (T3), treatment-4 (T4), treatment-5 (T5) and treatment-6 (T6) respectively in a completely randomized design to replace soybean meal in Japanese quail feed. The birds were provided with ad-labidum feed and drinking water ad-libitum during the entire experimental period. Results: The crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and ash contents of DBRC were 35.87%, 17.40%, 3.6% and 12.6%, respectively. The amount of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acid content were found to be 12.98 and 4.87 (g/100 g of feed) respectively in DBRC feed. Result showed that all birds fed DBRC diets performed better than the control group. Mortality was unaffected by dietary treatments. There was a significant difference (p<0.01) observed in weight gain in treatment groups compared to the control. Conclusion: Up to 30% DBRC could be incorporated in the diets of Japanese quails without any adverse effects on its performance.