Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Approach to Automatic Functor Assignment in the Prague Dependency Treebank

The aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate a system that automates a part of the transition from analytical to tectogrammatical tree structures within the Prague Dependency Treebank. In particular, it assigns functors to autosemantic words. The system is based on the machine learning approach of decision tree induction. The resulting software tool is incorporated into the annotation process and significantly reduces the manual annotation effort during the transition from analytical tree structures to the tectogrammatical tree structures, which consumes a huge amount of time of linguistic experts.
Modeling and Harmonic Optimization of a Two-Stage Saturable Magnetically Controlled Reactor for an Arc Suppression Coil

Magnetically controlled reactors (MCRs) are usually used as three-phase shunt reactors. They have low harmonic distortion independent of the third harmonic current because most three-phase MCRs are delta connected. However, as arc suppression coils, MCRs are operated in the single-phase mode, and the harmonics can be much higher than those of three-phase MCRs. In this paper, the structure and the mathematical model of a two-stage saturable MCR (TSMCR) are proposed. There are two stages with different lengths and areas in the iron cores. The stages saturate at different times when the TSMCR outputs reactive current. The current harmonics of the first saturated stage can be compensated for when the second stage begins to saturate, to reduce the total harmonics of the output current. The mathematical model that reveals the distribution characteristics of the current harmonics for the TSMCR is also presented. A study of the mathematical model indicates that there are two key factors that affect the total current harmonics of the TSMCR. One is the parameter k, which represents the area ratio of the second stage to the first stage. The other one is the parameter m, which represents the ratio of the length of the first stage to the total length of the magnetic valve in the iron core. The simulations and experiments show that the maximum current harmonics of the novel MCR can be limited to 3.61% of the rated output current when k and m are chosen according to the theoretical mathematical model.
Elovl4 5-bp deletion does not accelerate cone photoreceptor degeneration in an all-cone mouse

Mutations in the elongation of very long chain fatty acid 4 (ELOVL4) gene cause Stargardt macular dystrophy 3 (STGD3), a rare, juvenile-onset, autosomal dominant form of macular degeneration. Although several mouse models have already been generated to investigate the link between the three identified disease-causing mutations in the ELOVL4 gene, none of these models recapitulates the early-onset cone photoreceptor cell death observed in the macula of STGD3 patients. To address this specifically, we investigated the effect of mutant ELOVL4 in a mouse model with an all-cone retina. Hence, we bred mice carrying the heterozygously mutated Elovl4 gene on the R91W;Nrl-/- all-cone background and analyzed the retinal lipid composition, morphology, and function over the course of 1 year. We observed a reduction of total phosphatidylcholine-containing very long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PC-VLC-PUFAs) by 39% in the R91W;Nrl-/-;Elovl4 mice already at 6 weeks of age with a pronounced decline of the longest forms of PC-VLC-PUFAs. Total levels of shorter-chain fatty acids (< C26) remained unaffected. However, this reduction in PC-VLC-PUFA content in the all-cone retina had no impact on morphology or function and did not accelerate retinal degeneration in the R91W;Nrl-/-;Elovl4 mice. Taken together, mutations in the ELOVL4 gene lead to cone degeneration in humans, whereas mouse models expressing the mutant Elovl4 show predominant rod degeneration. The lack of a phenotype in the all-cone retina expressing the mutant form of the protein supports the view that aberrant function of ELOVL4 is especially detrimental for rods in mice and suggests a more subtle role of VLC-PUFAs for cone maintenance and survival.
Effect of Expanded HIV Testing Programs on the Status of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Patients in Two Veterans Health Administration Facilities: 1999–2009

INTRODUCTION Earlier identification of HIV-infected patients reduces both mortality and the cost of treatment by keeping patients out of the hospital and encourages reduction of risk behaviors thus preventing further transmission. Unfortunately, despite the promulgation of national and societal guidelines that recommend routinely offering HIV testing, an estimated 21% of the 1.1 million HIVinfected persons in the United States are unaware of their status. We have previously developed and implemented a multimodal intervention that more than doubled HIV testing rates in individuals receiving care at 2 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical facilities. These results were robust with dramatic increases in test rates occurring across patient-level, providerlevel, and subfacility level factors. Furthermore, the gains from this intervention were sustained after responsibility for maintenance of the program was largely transferred from the research implementation team to local staff. Finally, the rate of positive tests remained constant in the year before and after implementation of the intervention and well within the range at which the cost of HIV testing is less than $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year. We now compare the characteristics of patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection before and after implementation of this intervention and provide a longterm perspective on the effectiveness of the program. In addition, we compare our results from those of another VHA facility that implemented only the computerized decision support element of this program.
Notch1 Mutation Leads to Valvular Calcification Through Enhanced Myofibroblast Mechanotransduction

Objective— Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a significant cardiovascular disorder, and controversy exists as to whether it is primarily a dystrophic or osteogenic process in vivo. In this study, we sought to clarify the mechanism of CAVD by assessing a genetic mutation, Notch1 heterozygosity, which leads to CAVD with 100% penetrance in humans. Approach and Results— Murine immortalized Notch1+/− aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) were isolated and expanded in vitro. Molecular signaling of wild-type and Notch1+/− AVICs were compared to identify changes in pathways that have been linked to CAVD—transforming growth factor-&bgr;1/bone morphogenetic protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B—and assessed for calcification potential. Additionally, AVIC mechanobiology was studied in a physiologically relevant, dynamic mechanical environment (10% cyclic strain) to investigate differences in responses between the cell types. We found that Notch1+/− AVICs resembled a myofibroblast-like phenotype expressing higher amounts of cadherin-11, a known mediator of dystrophic calcification, and decreased Runx2, a known osteogenic marker. We determined that cadherin-11 expression is regulated by Akt activity, and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation significantly reduced cadherin-11 expression. Moreover, in the presence of cyclic strain, Notch1+/− AVICs exhibited significantly upregulated phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and smooth muscle &agr;-actin expression, indicative of a fully activated myofibroblast. Finally, these Notch1-mediated alterations led to enhanced dystrophic calcific nodule formation. Conclusions— This study presents novel insights in our understanding of Notch1-mediated CAVD by demonstrating that the mutation leads to AVICs that are fully activated myofibroblasts, resulting in dystrophic, but not osteogenic, calcification.
Micromachining Chemical And Biochemical Analysis And Reaction Systems On Glass Substrates

Microfluidic systems micromachined in glass chips serve as systems for chemical analysis or sensing. Using electroosmotic pumping, applied voltages control the direction of fluid flow without the need for valves. Mixing of reagent solutions, chemical reactions and separation of compounds in mixtures can be, achieved. Demonstration of pre-separation mixing of chemical reagents for reaction on-chip, post-separation fluorescent labelling on-chip, and immunological assays on-chip is presented.
Grasp planning analysis and strategy modeling for underactuated multi-fingered robot hand using in fruits grasping

To solve the unfixed grasping tasks during the fruits picking and rating, grasping modeling is researched as the most important part of the robot hand solutions. A survey for grasping synthesis method with dexterous robot hand is presented in this paper. The difference of grasping characters is introduced between dexterous hand and underactuated hand. Especially, the feature of self-adaptive enveloping grasp achieved by underactuated finger mechanism is outlined, which has good performance in grasping unknown objects. In order to generate valid grasps for unknown target objects and apply in real-time control system for underactuated robot hand, a grasping strategy synthesis model for universal grasp tasks is proposed based on human knowledge analysis. It is composed by off-line neural networks training section and on-line compute section. Firstly, daily grasped objects are used to build a sample space by human experience. Then the discrete sample space is computed by fuzzy clustering method. The data is used to generate grasp decision scheme by rough set mixed artificial neural networks. An examination is simulated for grasp configurations choice of the underactuated robot hand with the aim to show the practical feasibility of the proposed grasp strategy.
On the input distribution and optimal beamforming for the MISO VLC wiretap channel

We investigate in this paper the achievable secrecy rate of the multiple-input single-output (MISO) visible light communication (VLC) Gaussian wiretap channel with single user and single eavesdropper. We consider the cases when the location of eavesdropper is known or unknown to the transmitter. In the former case, we derive the optimal beamforming in closed form, subject to constrained inputs. In the latter case, we apply robust beamforming. Furthermore, we study the achievable secrecy rate when the input follows the truncated generalized normal (TGN) distribution. We present several examples which demonstrate the substantial improvements in the secrecy rates achieved by the proposed techniques.
Reducing the gap between what users know and what they need to know

Universal usability [17] is currently impeded by system complexity and poorly-crafted interfaces which lead to confusion, frustration, and failure. One of the key challenges is the gap between what users know and what they need to know [17, p. 86]. This paper describes and presents early results from three related research projects designed to identify and close this gap and to examine how users might learn what they need to know.
Maternal deprivation specifically enhances vulnerability to opiate dependence

Maternal deprivation has been shown to increase vulnerability to morphine dependence and to disturb the enkephalinergic system in adulthood. To study whether or not this vulnerability to opiates is a specific feature, we examined oral self-administration behaviour of various reinforcing substances. Experiments were performed with morphine (25 mg/l), ethanol (10%), amphetamine (25 mg/l) and cocaine (100 mg/l). Drugs were available in a continuous free choice paradigm during 3 months. Cocaine and ethanol consumption and preference were similar in both deprived and control rats. Deprived rats greatly increased their morphine consumption and 78% of them showed a progressive decrease in morphine aversion. Only a slight, but significant, increase in oral amphetamine consumption was observed in deprived rats when compared with control rats. The difference in amphetamine self-administration in control and deprived rats cannot be explained by a modification of dopamine transporter expression measured by immunoautoradiography. Altogether, we conclude that maternal deprivation worsens inherent susceptibility to dependence, specifically for opiates, and therefore represents a highly valuable model to study environmentally triggered interindividual vulnerability to opiate addiction.
Quantification and evaluation of Joule heating in on‐chip capillary electrophoresis

We present the use of a novel, picoliter volume interferometer to measure, for the first time, the extent of Joule heating in chip‐scale capillary electrophoresis (CE). The simple optical configuration for the on‐chip interferometric backscatter detector (OCIBD) consists of an unfocused laser, an unaltered silica chip with a half‐cylinder channel and a photodetector. Using OCIBD for millidegree‐level noninvasive thermometry, temperature changes associated with Joule heating (≥2.81°C above ambient) in on‐chip CE have been observed in 90 νm wide and 40 νm deep separation channels. The temporal response of Joule heating in isotropically etched channels was exponential, with it taking an excess of 2.7 s to reach equilibrium. Buffer viscosity changes have also been derived from empirical on‐chip thermometry data, allowing for the determination of diffusion coefficients for solutes when separated in heated buffers. In addition, OCIBD has allowed the reduction in separation efficiency to be estimated in the absence of laminar flow and due to increased molecular diffusion and lower buffer viscosity. A 7% reduction in separation efficiency was determined for a high current drawing buffer such as Tris‐boric acid under an applied field of just 400 V/cm. Results indicate that heating effects in on‐chip CE have been underestimated and there is a need to readdress the theoretical model.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active.

OBJECTIVE To present evidence-based recommendations that promote optimized fluid-maintenance practices for physically active individuals. BACKGROUND Both a lack of adequate fluid replacement (hypohydration) and excessive intake (hyperhydration) can compromise athletic performance and increase health risks. Athletes need access to water to prevent hypohydration during physical activity but must be aware of the risks of overdrinking and hyponatremia. Drinking behavior can be modified by education, accessibility, experience, and palatability. This statement updates practical recommendations regarding fluid-replacement strategies for physically active individuals. RECOMMENDATIONS Educate physically active people regarding the benefits of fluid replacement to promote performance and safety and the potential risks of both hypohydration and hyperhydration on health and physical performance. Quantify sweat rates for physically active individuals during exercise in various environments. Work with individuals to develop fluid-replacement practices that promote sufficient but not excessive hydration before, during, and after physical activity.
Three types of viewers' favorite music videos

The purpose of this study is to classify viewers' favorite music videos based on viewers' attributes evaluation and identify their characteristics. In this study, we designed a web-based questionnaire survey to collect data from forty-three young people. Participants watched fifteen music videos one-by-one and rated overall preference and twelve attributes with five-point scales. Then, we carried out the k-means clustering analysis according to the viewers' attributes evaluation ratings. As a result, we found that there were three types of viewers' favorite music videos. Viewers gave high evaluations to those music videos primarily because: (1) auditory-leading type: they liked music and singer; (2) visual-leading type: they were amazed by the imaging technique; (3) synergic type: they got favorable impressions overall.allIt is noteworthy that stories related to the lyrics and time-order structured had especially a positive impact on the viewers' evaluation.
Analyzing collaborative technologies' effect on performance through intranet use orientations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on studying the impact of collaborative technologies on firm performance. The methodology used analyzes the influence of collaborative technologies not only directly but through an intermediary variable. This variable represents different intranet use orientations (e‐information, e‐communication and e‐transaction). Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire consisting of close‐ended questions was developed. Face‐to‐face surveys were conducted on a sample comprising 310 Spanish firms in May 2005. Research hypotheses were tested through ANOVA and hierarchical regression analyses.Findings – Empirical results show that distinct collaborative technologies are associated with different intranet use orientations and demonstrate there is a positive relationship between e‐information and organizational performance. That is, the use of collaborative technologies with an informational orientation contributes to increased organizational performance. In addi.
Message from the Chair of AMD Technical Committee

Editorial Development happens through the dynamic interaction of biological and physical components at several scales of time and space. These interactions range from the dynamics of gene expression within cells to inter-organ chemical signalling during embryogenesis to the progressive shaping of brain structures through physical and social interaction. What are the adequate levels of abstraction for modelling and understanding such a complex system? This is the topic of the dialog column featured this months, where respond to the dialog initiated by Denis Mareschal. Opinions differ on what should or should not be abstracted. But all converge to a needed shift for 21st century developmental science: " innate " or " learned " are outdated concepts that are not suited for understanding human behaviour and cognition. There are no " start " or " end " , but only continuous processes of change that grow our bodies, our minds and our cultures. After this dialog, a new dialog initiation by John Weng digs into the concept of autonomy for " skull-closed " learning robots, and its implications for socially assistive robotics, echoing the April 2012 dialog column on the interaction between HRI and developmental robotics scientific approaches. In particular he calls for a detailed argumentation of the pros and cons for using emergent representations and skull-closed developmental approaches for assistive robotics applications. Those of you interested in reacting to this dialog initiation are welcome to submit a response (contact pierre-yves.oudeyer@inria.fr) by March 1st, 2013. The length of each response must be between 500 and 700 words (including references). First let me celebrate the success of our IEEE Transactions in Autonomous Mental Development, with the announcement last Summer of its first impact factors: 2.31. This is a very high impact factor when compared with the other well established journals in related computational and robotics disciplines. We all know that impact factors are not the only research quality indicator, but a high impact value adds to the reputational value of our discipline and community. Well done to Zhengyou Zhang, the associate editors, the referees and, of course, the authors. Please keep sending your top quality papers in this top quality journal! We are all geared up for the next IEEE ICDL-EpiRob Conference in San Diego (7-9 November 2012). Following the success in Frankfurt of the integration of the previous IEEE ICDL and the EpiRob conferences, we hope that the San Diego event will …
A CMOS Compatible Micromachined Thermopile IR Sensor with High Sensitivity

Micromachined thermal IR sensors are of major importance to IR radiation related applications. In this article, a thermopile IR sensor with high sensitivity was fabricated using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process and silicon micromachining technology. As a result, the entire bulk silicon under the thermopile structure was removed and the thermopile structure was released from the front side; both the solid thermal loss of the support membrane and gas convection loss decreased. Without additional IR absorption material in the absorber area, the sensor shows a sensitivity of ∼ 131 V/W and a noise equivalent power of 0.21 nW/Hz 1/2 in air at room temperature.
Interconnect energy dissipation in high-speed ULSI circuits

This paper presents a detailed empirical study and analytical derivation of voltage waveform and energy dissipation of global lines driven by CMOS drivers. It is shown that at high clock frequencies where the output voltage at the termination point of the transmission line may not reach its steady-state value during the clock period, it is possible to reduce energy dissipation while meeting a dc noise margin by driver sizing. This is in sharp contrast with the steady-state analysis, which states that driver size has no impact on the energy dissipation per output change. In addition, we propose a new design metric which is the product of energy, delay and some measure of ringing in lossy transmission lines. In particular, this paper provides closed-form expressions for the energy dissipation, 50% propagation delay, and the percentage of maximum undershoot when the circuit exhibits an underdamped behavior. This metric is used during the driver sizing problem formulation for minimum energy-delay-ringing product. The experimental results carried out by HSPICE simulation verify the accuracy of our models.
Screening Single Phase Laminar Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids in a Micro-tube

Nano scale solid particles dispersed in base fluids are a new class of engineered colloidal solutions called nanofluids. Several studies reported enhancement of heat transfer by using nanofluids. This article reports convective single-phase heat transfer coefficients in an open 30 cm long, 0.50 mm internal diameter stainless steel test section. The setup is used for screening single phase laminar convective heat transfer with water and three different nanofluids: water based Al2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2 (all with 9 wt% of particles). A syringe pump with adjustable pumping speed is used to inject fluids into the test section. Thirteen T-type thermocouples are attached on the outer surface of the test section to record the local wall temperatures. Furthermore, two T-type thermocouples are used to measure inlet and outlet fluid temperatures. A DC power supply is used to heat up the test section and a differential pressure transducer is used to measure the pressure drop across the tube. Furthermore, the effective thermal conductivities of these nanofluids are measured using the Transient Plane Source (TPS) method at a temperature range of 20 – 50°C. The experimental average values of heat transfer coefficients for nanofluids are compared with water. Enhancement in heat transfer of nanofluids is observed only when compared at constant Reynolds number (Due to higher viscosity for nanofluids, higher velocity or mass flow rate is required for nanofluids to reach the same Reynolds number). The other methods of comparison: equal mass flow rate, volume flow rate, pressure drop and pumping power did not show any augmentation of the heat transfer coefficient for the tested nanofluids compared to water.
Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Using a Novel Antiadhesion Compound (3′sialyllactose sodium salt). A Double blind, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Study

Background and Aim. 3′ sialyllactose sodium salt (3′SL) is an oligosaccharide that occurs naturally in human and bovine milk. It can inhibit the adhesion of H. pylori to human epithelial cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to test whether this oligosaccharide can suppress or cure H. pylori colonization in vivo and to determine its safety in humans.