Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unearthing the sun : making sense of the proposed coal developments in the Galilee Basin

The Galilee Basin is a major coal basin in central-west Queensland on the brink of being 'opened up' for the first time. However, almost every component of the proposed developments has been clouded by controversy, with the prospect of substantial negative consequences at local, regional and global levels. In particular, the proposed coal developments in the Galilee Basin appear woefully out of step with the imperative to limit the production and consumption of fossil fuels in the face of global warming. This thesis examines the plans and controversies in the Galilee Basin as an example of human society's coal conundrum; coal is central to the development and functioning of modern industrial society, yet a continuing reliance on coal will severely challenge the safe operating space for humans on planet Earth. It is a situation that demands engagement with the complex social and environmental dimensions of humanity's continuing dependence on fossil fuels. I identify and explore some of the systemic factors driving coal development in the Galilee Basin by locating current events in a broad historical view. Guided by the fields of human ecology and environmental history, I consider a number of key nested historical contexts that help to explain the impetus behind Australian coal development, as well as the often uncomfortable coexistence of coal-based development with other industries and values. Current dilemmas in the Galilee Basin are situated in the context of the region itself, as well as in the longer story of coal in Queensland, Australia, early industrial Britain, and the planetary scale picture of carbon and fossil fuels. Coal is found to be inextricably entwined in the technological, economic, political, and cultural fabric of modern society. While there are broadly similar patterns across the industrialised world, there are distinctive features about the biophysical and sociocultural history of Australia that have enabled an especially prominent role for coal. From a broad historical perspective it is evident that there are multilayered, historically charged, forces propelling coal mining in the Galilee Basin. But also, the proposed developments come at a time when the costs of coal are starting to overwhelm its long perceived benefits. The Galilee Basin is thus at a unique crossroads in time. How events play out in the region will, to a large extent, reflect the complex global struggle to forge a future beyond fossil fuels. The discussion and findings from this research are also relevant to discussions about the multi-dimensional aspects of energy more generally, and how humanity might think about energy choices in the decades to come. To my friends in centrol-west Queensland — forever at the frontier
Shrinkage Bubbles: The C–O–H–S Magmatic Fluid System at San Cristóbal Volcano

New analytical results for the composition of shrinkage bubbles (0 9–7 0 vol. %) in olivine-hosted (Fo <80%) primary melt inclusions (MIs) have been incorporated into a novel geochemical model for San Cristóbal volcano, Nicaragua. The vapour, liquid, and mineral components found inside shrinkage bubbles may represent relics of early C–O–H–S fluids exsolved from a magmatichydrothermal system. This conclusion is supported by high-resolution Raman microspectroscopy revealing: (1) gaseous CO2 (d1⁄4 0 17–0 31 g/cm in 31 samples) coexisting with liquid H2O (in seven samples) at ambient temperature (<22 C) inside the shrinkage bubbles of naturally quenched inclusions; (2) several mineral phases (i.e. Fe, Cu-sulfides, Ca-sulfates and Mg-carbonates) formed along the bubble–glass interface, as confirmed by electron backscattered/energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The presence of liquid water was revealed by applying a novel subtraction method to fitted Raman spectra that isolated an isosbestic liquid-water band at 3460 6 60/cm (mean 6 SD). In MIs, the major oxide composition of glasses containing shrinkage bubbles were analysed by electron microprobe, whereas glass volatile contents were measured with nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectroscopy. According to the water content of the glass inclusions ( 3 3 wt %) and the presence of liquid water at the bubble–glass interface, only small amounts of water (0 3 wt %) appear to have migrated inside the bubbles. From pre-eruptive (up to 1200 C) to post-eruptive temperatures, aqueous fluids represent the principal agents for chemical reactions inside MI bubbles involving dissolved ionic species (e.g. SO4 , CO3 , and Cl) and major and/or trace elements from the inclusion glass (e.g. Mg, Fe, Cu, Si, Al, Na, and K). After the initiation of nucleation (1009– 1141 C), the volume of shrinkage bubbles expands and the surrounding glass contracts (at <530 C). The Fe–Mg–Cu-rich (vapour) shrinkage-bubble paragenetic mineral sequence formed during different cooling stages: (A) high-temperature sulfide precipitation at 500–700 C; (B) lowtemperature magnesite precipitation at hydrothermal conditions <350 C; and finally (C) low-toambient temperature precipitation of carbonates and sulfates in liquid water at <150 C. Our findings indicate that the C–O–H–S fluids in shrinkage bubbles can represent an ideal preserved/ closed magmatic-hydrothermal system evolving after the exsolution of magmatic fluids during cooling.
Energy-Efficient Location Logging for Mobile Device

Location logging is a technique that continuously records user’s location using various location sensing and positioning technologies. Location logs and information derived from those logs can be useful contexts for various applications. However, previous research related to recording and handling location logs failed to seriously consider heavy battery consumption. Heavy battery consumption is a serious problem in location logging research and applications, and it has obstructed location logging applications to be widely used. In this paper, we present Variable Rate Logging (VRL) mechanism to maximize battery life of continuous logging for user’s location with minimum loss of logging quality. Our mechanism can optimize any application which requires continuous recording of user’s location and dramatically extend its battery life. Evaluation results show that Variable Rate Logging mechanism has 143% longer battery life than fixed rate logging.
Assessment of Confounders in Comparative Effectiveness Studies From Secondary Databases

Secondary clinical databases are an important and growing source of data for comparative effectiveness research (CER) studies. However, measurement of confounders, such as biomarker values or patient-reported health status, in secondary clinical databases may not align with the initiation of a new treatment. In many published CER analyses of registry data, investigators assessed confounders based on the first questionnaire in which the new exposure was recorded. However, it is known that adjustment for confounders measured after the start of exposure can lead to biased treatment effect estimates. In the present study, we conducted simulations to compare assessment strategies for a dynamic clinical confounder in a registry-based comparative effectiveness study of 2 therapies. As expected, we found that adjustment for the confounder value at the time of the first questionnaire after the start of exposure creates a biased estimate the total effect of exposure choice on outcome when the confounder mediates part of the effect. However, adjustment for the prior value can also be badly biased when measured long before exposure initiation. Thus, investigators should carefully consider the timing of confounder measurements relative to exposure initiation and the rate of change in the confounder in order to choose the most relevant measure for each patient.
Testing of the preliminary OMERACT validation criteria for a biomarker to be regarded as reflecting structural damage endpoints in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials: the example of C-reactive protein.

OBJECTIVE A list of 14 criteria for guiding the validation of a soluble biomarker as reflecting structural damage endpoints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical trials was drafted by an international working group after a Delphi consensus exercise. C-reactive protein (CRP), a soluble biomarker extensively studied in RA, was then used to test these criteria. Our objectives were: (1) To assess the strength of evidence in support of CRP as a soluble biomarker reflecting structural damage in RA according to the draft validation criteria. (2) To assess the strength of recommendation for inclusion of individual criteria in the draft set. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to elicit evidence in support of each specific criterion composing the 14-criteria draft set. A summary of the key literature findings per criterion was presented to both the working group and to participants in a special interest soluble biomarker group at OMERACT 8. Participants at OMERACT 8 were asked to rate the strength of evidence and the strength of the recommendation in support of each individual criterion on a 0-10 numerical rating scale. Working group members not present at OMERACT voted by a Web-based survey. RESULTS Minimal data were extracted from the literature pertaining to those criteria listed under the category of truth. Ratings for strength of evidence were moderate to low (< 7) for CRP as a biomarker reflecting structural damage in RA; this was true for all criteria except those listed under the category of feasibility and 2 listed under the category of discrimination pertaining to assay reproducibility and evidence regarding sources of variability. Ratings for strength of recommendation for inclusion of each of the 14 criteria in the draft set were high (> 7) except for those criteria listed under the category of truth. CONCLUSION The draft criteria serve as a useful template in the evaluation of the strength of evidence in support of a particular soluble biomarker as reflecting structural damage in RA.
Community stability and selective extinction during Earth’s greatest mass extinction

We modelled the resilience and transient dynamics of terrestrial paleocommunities from the Karoo Basin, South Africa, around the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Using recently refined biostratigraphic data that suggest two pulses of extinction leading up to the Permian-Triassic boundary, we show that during times of low extinction, paleocommunities were no more stable than randomly assembled communities, but they became stable during the mass extinction. Modelled food webs before and after the mass extinction have lower resilience and less stable transient dynamics compared to random food webs lacking in functional structure but of equal species richness. They are, however, more stable than random food webs of equal richness but with randomized functional structure. In contrast, models become increasingly more resilient and have more stable transient dynamics, relative to the random models, as the mass extinction progressed. The increased stability of the community that resulted from the first pulse of extinction was driven by significant selective extinction against small-bodied amniotes, and significantly greater probabilities of survival of large-bodied amniotes. These results point to a positive relationship between evolved patterns of functional diversity and emergent community dynamics, with observed patterns being more stable than alternative possibilities. Significance Anthropogenic impacts on modern ecosystems have no precedents in human history. The fossil record does contain episodes of severe biodiversity crises, but incomplete preservation and low temporal resolution make it difficult to equate fossil data to modern ecological processes. We examined terrestrial paleocommunities from Earth’s most severe mass extinction, the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME), and modelled their dynamic stabilities. We show that during times of low extinction, paleocommunities were no more stable than randomly assembled communities, but they became more stable during the mass extinction. Increased stability resulted mostly from selective extinction and survival based on vertebrate body size. Whether modern communities will behave similarly depends on the similarity between human drivers and those of the PTME.
Prescription Opioid Misuse, Abuse, Morbidity, and Mortality: Balancing Effective Pain Management and Safety.

OBJECTIVE The burgeoning rate of prescription opioid misuse, abuse, addiction, and opioid related overdose deaths has gained substantial professional and national media attention. This manuscript provides a narrative review and critique of the literature on prescription opioid misuse, abuse, addiction and opioid-related mortality and discusses future research needs in this area. DESIGN Current literature on misuse, abuse, addiction and opioid related fatalities was reviewed in patients with chronic noncancer pain receiving long-term prescription opioid therapy. RESULTS There have been inconclusive results on the efficacy of long-term opioid therapy in patients with chronic pain but moderate level evidence of dose-dependent risk of harm. The estimated prevalence of prescription opioid abuse and opioid use disorders ranges from <1% to 40% due to the paucity of uniform definitions of what constitutes misuse, abuse, and addiction but several recent studies have developed unique methodology to more accurately assess these states in the pain population. The rate of opioid-related overdose deaths is not inconsequential and a number of patient related and medication specific risk factors have been identified that may provide a basis for risk mitigation strategies. CONCLUSIONS Accurately assessing the prevalence of misuse, abuse, and addiction in the pain population has been challenging due to inconsistent definitions between studies. Additional high-quality research is needed in this area utilizing consistent definitions and in reducing the risk of opioid-related overdose fatalities.
Survival of Trichomonas gallinae in White-winged Dove Carcasses

Survival of Trichomonas gallinae was examined in white-winged dove (Zenaida asiatica) carcasses to assess whether birds that have been dead up to 8 hr can be sampled reliably for this protozoan. Carcasses of 100 T. gallinae-positive white-winged doves were separated into four groups of 25 birds, representing 2, 4, 6, and 8 hr post mortem sampling intervals and placed into an environmental chamber maintained at 27 C and 75% relative humidity. Live T. gallinae were isolated in 96, 100, 100, and 92% of the carcasses at each of the respective post mortem intervals. The experiment was repeated with another 100 carcasses of T. gallinae-positive white-winged doves placed in the environmental chamber, this time maintained at 27 C and 40% relative humidity. Live T. gallinae occurred in 96, 100, 96, and 100% of the carcasses at each of the respective post mortem intervals. Across both trials, the overall ability to detect positive birds from sampling carcasses up to 8 hrs post mortem was 97%. An a posteriori experiment was conducted in which 23 and 18 carcasses from the second trial were maintained in the environmental chamber at 27 C and 40% relative humidity and resampled at 24 and 48 hr post mortem, respectively. Live trichomonads were isolated from 91 and 44% of the carcasses at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. Results suggest live T. gallinae can be obtained from dove carcasses reliably up to 8 hr and possibly up to 24 hr after host death. The ability for T. gallinae to survive within this time interval can aid wildlife personnel in monitoring this protozoan at hunter check stations or obtaining samples from recently killed birds.
LOW GAIN ROBUST VISUAL SERVOING WITH BOUNDED TRACKING ERRORS

Abstract This paper focuses on the design of robust vision based control of a 2-DOF planar manipulator. The controller is expressed in the image space, where the system can be modeled as a pure integrator with a nonlinear matrix gain. It involves a simple proportional controller with a feedforward velocity input. Robustness is provided by the guarantee of a bounded tracking error, thanks to the online computation on the desired velocity along the trajectory. The approach is both formally proven and experimentally validated on a lab apparatus.
Using virtual grids to simplify application scheduling

Users and developers of grid applications have access to increasing numbers of resources. While more resources generally mean higher capabilities for an application, they also raise the issue of application scheduling scalability. First, even polynomial time scheduling heuristics may take a prohibitively long time to compute a schedule. Second, and perhaps more critical, it may not be possible to gather all the resource information needed by a scheduling algorithm in a scalable manner. Our application focus is scientific workflows, which can be represented as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Our claim is that, in future resource-rich environments, simple scheduling algorithms may be sufficient to achieve good workflow performances. We introduce a scalable scheduling approach that uses a resource abstraction called a virtual grid (VG). Our simulations of a range of typical DAG structures and resources demonstrate that a simple greedy scheduling heuristic combined with the virtual grid abstraction is as effective and more scalable than more complex heuristic DAG scheduling algorithms on large-scale platforms
Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Dual-Stator Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Machine Based on Spiral Vector Theory

A detailed spiral vector model of the dual-stator brushless doubly fed induction machine is developed, which unifies the steady-state and dynamic analysis into a single-phase basis through introducing complex exponential variables. The modeling method is generalized to well apply to any ac machine with arbitrary winding layout. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed spiral vector model, steady-state characteristics are predicted based on the proposed model and experimentally demonstrated under all possible operation modes, namely, simple induction, cascaded induction, doubly fed synchronous, and double-cascaded induction. The dynamic performance under open-loop operation and closed-loop control is simulated, which is followed by experimental verifications.
Improvizmg the public key infrastructure to build trust architecture for VANET by using short-time certificate management and Merkle Signature Scheme

Applications in Vehicular Adhoc NETwork (VANET) require high security for end to end communication especially for sensitive information. It is necessary to restrict the unauthorized users from accessing the VANET services using a trusted infrastructure. In addition, messages exchanged should have minimum authentication delay and communication overhead. In this paper, a novel architecture is proposed for trusted infrastructure using combination of short time certificate and Merkle Signature Scheme. In this architecture, secure VANET communication is achieved using psuedo ID generated by the vehicle and the issue of short certificate by the trusted infrastructure that grants the private public key pairs according to the priority of the messages exchanged. Therefore the message dissemination offers reduced overhead and meets the requirement of VANET communication.
Mixed infections and insect–pathogen interactions

Most studies of insect–pathogen interactions consider the direct interaction between one disease agent and one species of host. However, given that hosts are subject to challenge from many pathogen ⁄ parasite species, mixed infections are probably common. In this study, using the desert locust and two species of fungal entomopathogen, we show how mixed infection with a largely avirulent pathogen can alter the virulence and reproduction of a second, highly virulent pathogen. We find that two strains of the avirulent pathogen vary in their interaction with the virulent pathogen, depending on the order of infection and environmental conditions. We propose that avirulent pathogens, which have largely been overlooked to date, could play a significant role in host– pathogen dynamics, with implications for biological control and evolution of virulence.
Affordance Theory in Social Media Research: Systematic Review and synthesis of the literature

Social media technologies continue transforming various dimensions of social and organisational life through possibilities they present for goal-oriented actions of diverse users/ user groups. The notion of affordances that explains these possibilities has witnessed popularity among IS scholars to study these technologies. However, since the concept itself has been under ongoing development, its use in studying social media technologies has been focused on identifying technical affordances, perception and actualisations of these affordances, or the social and organisational implications of such affordances. In this research-in-progress paper, we present our attempt to systematically review and synthesise the literature to examine the effects of social media affordances. In addition, we aim to systematically review the existing literature to explore how the concept of affordance has been employed in social media research, to uncover the effects of social media affordances and present a comprehensive framework of these affordances effects and identify areas for future research.
Trastuzumab Single-Drug Therapy after Failure of Cytotoxic Treatment for Metastatic Breast Cancer

Background: Trastuzumab is an established component of breast cancer combination regimens, but data on the safety and efficacy of single-agent therapy is sparse. Patients and Methods: 70 patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer after failure of at least one chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease were recruited from 28 institutions. HER2 overexpression was 3+ in 96% and 2+/FISH+ in 4%. Treatment consisted of a loading dose of 4 mg/kg trastuzumab in the first week and 2 mg/kg per week thereafter, continued until progression. Results: Trastuzumab treatment duration ranged from 1 to 66 weeks (median: 12). Objective responses (complete response (CR)/partial response (PR)) were seen in 12/62 fully evaluable patients (19%; 2 CR) while another 29% showed stabilization of the disease. Half of the patients had experienced progression after 13 weeks while median duration of response reached 44 weeks. Median survival was 68 weeks with nearly one-third of the patients still alive after more than 3 years. The most frequent adverse reaction was infusion-related syndrome arising during the first administration. Significant cardiovascular problems were detected in 3 cases, all with anthracycline pretreatment. Conclusions: Patients with metastatic breast cancer overexpressing HER2 may benefit from trastuzumab single-drug treatment, predominantly due to its favourable safety profile.
Design of a Web-Based Sentence Analysis System to Support EFL Reading Instruction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an on-line Cumulative Sentence Analysis CSA instruction on university engineering students' English reading comprehension. Within the framework of CSA instruction, the reading comprehension process can be divided into six steps: identifying finite verbs, finding key words, separating clauses, identifying subjects and main verbs, adding words stepwise, and translating the sentence. The results showed that the experimental group achieved a higher level of reading comprehension performance following the instruction. Inter-group comparison also revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in the post-test, while no difference was found between these groups in the pretest. The findings clearly demonstrated that on-line CSA instruction is an efficient and feasible approach to helping engineering students cope with their problems of reading English texts.