Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Multiple Daily Applications of Ice to the Hamstrings on Biochemical Measures, Signs, and Symptoms Associated With Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Abstract Oakley, ET, Pardeiro, RB, Powell, JW, and Millar, AL. The effects of multiple daily applications of ice to the hamstrings on biochemical measures, signs, and symptoms associated with exercise-induced muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 27(10): 2743–2751, 2013—There is inconclusive evidence for the effectiveness of cryotherapy for the treatment of exercised-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Small sample sizes and treatment applications that did not correspond to evidence-based practice are limitations in previous studies that may have contributed to these equivocal findings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of daily multiple applications of ice on EIMD throughout the 72-hour recovery period, an icing protocol that more closely resembles current clinical practice. Thirty-three subjects were assigned to either the cryotherapy group (n = 23) or control group (n = 10). The EIMD was induced through repeated isokinetic eccentric contractions of the right hamstring muscle group. The experimental group received ice immediately after induction of EIMD and continued to ice thrice a day for 20 minutes throughout the 72 hours; the control group received no intervention. Isometric torque, hamstring length, pain, and biochemical markers (creatine kinase [CK], alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) were assessed at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Both groups demonstrated a significant change (p < 0.05) in all dependent variables compared with that at baseline, but there was no difference between groups except for pain. The cryotherapy group had significantly (p = 0.048) less pain (3.0 ± 2.1 cm) compared with the control (5.35 ± 2.5 cm) at 48 hours. Although not statistically significant, the cryotherapy group had a greater range of motion and lower CK and AST means at 72 hours compared with that of the control group. Repeated applications of ice can decrease the pain associated with EIMD significantly at 48 hours post EIMD. Although the results may not be unique, the methodology in this study was distinctive in that we used a larger sample size and an icing protocol similar to current recommended treatment practice.
The interaction of retail density and music tempo: Effects on shopper responses

Research examining the effects of store environment on shoppers has found that a number of atmospheric cues have significant effects on shoppers' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. To date, retail atmospheric cues have been studied in isolation, instead of simultaneously, like they occur in the retail setting. This study examines the interactive effects of two atmospheric cues—retail density and music tempo—and their impact on shopper responses within a real shopping environment. Based on the schema incongruity model, it is found that shopper hedonic and utilitarian evaluations of the shopping experience are highest under conditions of slow music/high density and fast music/low density. Significant main effects of music tempo are found for behavioral responses such as approach/avoidance tendency and extent of browsing behavior. The results underscore the need to examine interactive effects of atmospheric cues to better understand the impact of the store environment on shoppers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Study of Page Placement and Migration in Heterogeneous Flat-Addressable Memories

The volume of data generated by research, commercial, industrial, communication, entertainment and other fields is growing exponentially. There is a need for faster and very large amounts of main memory for analyzing such volumes of data in reasonable amounts of time. In addition, these systems need to be as energy efficient as possible, since the energy requirements of most high-performance computing systems and data centers are becoming significant portions of their operational budgets. This led to research into different memory technologies such as 3D-stacked DRAM, improvements to DDR, and non-volatile memories like PCM, and Flash memories. There have been some studies on how these memory technologies can be used to address the need for very large amount of main memory at reasonable cost and energy budgets. Flat-addressable memories differ from hierarchical view of the memory system: they are organized as a single (flat) physical address space with two or more types of memory devices, each with its own latencies and bandwidth. In such memories the page placement and migration (or swapping) of pages across these different memory devices requires very careful analysis. Previous studies have explored simple migration policies in a system with 3D-DRAM and DDR4 as main memory. Our analysis shows that for some workloads, static page placement with no page migration outperforms policies that consider only page access counts in deciding which pages to migrate. Additionally, these policies may prove to be inefficient for memory systems when PCM is included. In this paper we present and evaluate several intelligent and efficient policies for migration of physical pages across the memory technologies. We study our policies for two level (3D-DRAM + DDR4; and 3D-DRAM + PCM) and three level (3D-DRAM + DDR4 + PCM) memory systems. We present both performance improvements and memory energy savings for our page migration policies. Compared to previous studies, we observe average speedups of 2.6% and energy savings of 65.9% for 3DDRAM + DDR4, average speedups of 10% and energy savings of 76.8% for 3D-DRAM + PCM, and average speedups of 8% and energy savings of 68.5% for 3D-DRAM + DDR4 + PCM.
Designing Educative Curriculum Materials to Promote Teacher Learning

Curriculum materials for Grades K–12 that are intended to promote teacher learning in addition to student learning have come to be called educative curriculum materials. How can K–12 curriculum materials be designed to best promote teacher learning? What might teacher learning with educative curriculum materials look like? The authors present a set of design heuristics for educative curriculum materials to further the principled design of these materials. They build from ideas about teacher learning and organize the heuristics around important parts of a teacher’s knowledge base: subject matter knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge for topics, and pedagogical content knowledge for disciplinary practices. These heuristics provide a context for a theoretically oriented discussion of how features of educative curriculum materials may promote teacher learning, by serving as cognitive tools that are situated in teachers’ practice. The authors explore challenges in the design of educative curriculum materials, such as the tension between providing guidance and choice.
Research on person following system based on RGB-D features by autonomous robot with multi-Kinect sensor

In this study, we develop a person following system based on RGB-D features by autonomous robot with multi-Kinect sensor. The sensor system is composed of multiple Kinect sensors, we call it “Multi-Kinect”. Since the field of view of a single Kinect sensor is narrow, this sensor makes it wider by using three Kinect sensors. Furthermore, the system selects a person who raises hand or says “Start” as the target of following at the beginning. Then, the system can identify a person from the person location and characteristics of clothes and re-recognizes the target of following when an occlusion occurs. Herewith, a mobile robot with this sensor accomplishes a human detection and follows only the target of following even if more than two people is located around the robot.
Design and experimental investigation of monolithic polarization controller with InGaAlAs/InAlAs multiple quantum wells

We design active integrated polarization controller using half-ridge-waveguide polarization converter and InGaAlAs/InAlAs multiple-quantum-well-based phase shifters. From the numerical simulation and preliminary measurement, we demonstrate the feasibility of polarization switching to arbitrary state with less than 16.2-mW DC power consumption using a 5.6-mm-long device.
Antecedents of repatriation adjustment: new evidence from Finnish repatriates

Aims to increase our understanding of the antecedents of repatriation adjustment. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey among Finnish repatriates in co‐operation with the Finnish union of qualified economics graduates. In the study four different facets of adjustment appeared instead of the three suggested in the literature (i.e. general, work, and interaction adjustment) since the work adjustment dimension appeared to consist of two separate dimensions, here named job adjustment and organisation adjustment. The included antecedent variables explained from 30 per cent to 50 per cent of the variance in the adjustment models related to different facets of adjustment. General adjustment was found to be related to the age of the respondent, the length of the assignment, the timing of role negotiations, expatriation adjustment problems, keeping up on events at home and role conflict. With regard to organisation adjustment three antecedent variables were found: timing of role decision, willingness to relocate internationally, and role conflict. Timing of role decision and role discretion appeared as positive correlates of job adjustment, and expatriation adjustment problems and role conflict as negative correlates of interaction adjustment.
Three‐dimensional diffusion tensor microimaging for anatomical characterization of the mouse brain

Diffusion tensor imaging is gaining increasing importance for anatomical imaging of the developing mouse brain. However, the application of diffusion tensor imaging to mouse brain imaging at microscopic levels is hindered by the limitation on achievable spatial resolution. In this study, fast diffusion tensor microimaging of the mouse brain, based on a diffusion‐weighted gradient and spin echo technique with twin‐navigator echo phase correction, is presented. Compared to echo planar and spin echo acquisition, the diffusion‐weighted gradient and spin echo acquisition resulted in significant reduction in scan time and had minimal image distortion, thereby allowing acquisition at higher spatial resolution. In this study, three‐dimensional diffusion tensor microimaging of the mouse brains at spatial resolutions of 50‐60 μm revealed unprecedented anatomical details. Thin fiber bundles in the adult striatum and white matter tracts in the embryonic day 12 mouse brains were visualized for the first time. The study demonstrated that data acquired using the diffusion tensor microimaging technique allow three‐dimensional mapping of gene expression data and can serve as a platform to study gene expression patterns in the context of neuroanatomy in the developing mouse brain. Magn Reson Med 64:249–261, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Central monoamine and plasma corticosterone changes induced by a bacterial endotoxin: sensitization and cross‐sensitization effects

Low doses of lipopolysaccharide, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), or exposure to a stressor (restraint) increased plasma corticosterone levels. In animals pretreated with lipopolysaccharide, a marked sensitization of the corticosterone response was evident upon subsequent exposure to lipopolysaccharide, TNF‐α, or restraint, 1 day later. As well, the sickness‐inducing effects of lipopolysaccharide, TNF‐α and IL‐1β were markedly increased in mice pretreated with lipopolysaccharide. The sensitization effects were marked when the second treatment was administered 1 day after lipopolysaccharide administration, but not when a 28‐day interval elapsed. In a second experiment, TNF‐α influenced monoamine functioning in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and within extrahypothalamic regions, including the central amygdala, locus coeruleus, prefrontal cortex. Moreover, serotonin activity within the central amygdala, as well as dopamine activity within the prefrontal cortex, were subject to a sensitization effect in animals pretreated with lipopolysaccharide 1 day earlier. Macrophage depletion by a suspension of clodronate liposomes attenuated the plasma corticosterone changes induced by TNF‐α, but did not affect the sensitization. In contrast, the acute effects of TNF‐α on central neurotransmitters were unaffected by the liposome suspension, but this treatment prevented the sensitization. These data may be relevant to clinical situations in which individuals exposed to bacterial infections may be rendered more susceptible to the behavioural and neurochemical effects of subsequently encountered stressors and immunological challenges.
Stable behavioral inhibition and its association with anxiety disorder.

"Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar" is a temperamental construct reflecting the tendency to be shy, timid, and constrained in novel situations. Previous work has suggested that it may be associated with anxiety disorders in children. Psychopathology was assessed in children from a nonclinical sample originally identified as behaviorally inhibited or uninhibited at 21 months and followed through 7 1/2 years. Children who remained inhibited at 4, 5 1/2 and 7 1/2 years (Stable Inhibited) had higher rates of anxiety disorders than children who were not consistently inhibited. Their parents had higher rates of multiple childhood anxiety disorders and of continuing anxiety disorder. These results suggest that the association between behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorder is accounted for by children who have stable behavioral inhibition.
A new microtitre plate screening method for evaluating the viability of aerobic respiring bacteria in high surface biofilms

Aims: It is difficult to determine the effects of bactericidal compounds against bacteria in a biofilm because classical procedures for determining cell viability require several working days, multiple complicated steps and are frequently only applicable to cells in suspension. We attempt to develop a compact, inexpensive and versatile system to measure directly the extent of biofilm formation from water systems and to determine the viability of respiring bacteria in high surface biofilms.
Gait in hemiplegia: evaluation of clinical features with the Wisconsin Gait Scale.

OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of the Wisconsin Gait Scale to evaluate qualitative features of changes in hemiplegic gait in post-stroke patients. DESIGN A prospective observational study. SUBJECTS Ten healthy subjects and 56 hemiplegic outpatients, more than 12 months post-stroke, consecutively admitted in a rehabilitation centre. METHODS Patients were videotaped while walking at a comfortable speed. Quantitative and clinical gait parameters were derived from videotaped walking tasks at admission and at the end of a period of rehabilitation training. Qualitative features were assessed using the Wisconsin Gait Scale. Functional status was rated through the modified Barthel Index. RESULTS After training, the median Wisconsin Gait Scale score improved significantly (28 vs 26.5; p = 0.003). In particular, "weight shift to paretic side" and patterns during the swing phase of the affected leg were improved. Gait velocity (0.3 vs 0.4 m/sec; p = 0.001) and stride length (77 vs 85 cm; p = 0.0002) increased significantly, whereas number of steps (25 vs 23; p = 0.004), stride period (2.5 vs 2.3 sec; p = 0.04), and stance period (2.1 vs 2 sec; p = 0.03) of the unaffected side were reduced. The Barthel Index score increased (71 vs 78; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION The Wisconsin Gait Scale is a useful tool to rate qualitative gait alterations of post-stroke hemiplegic subjects and to assess changes over time during rehabilitation training. It may be used when a targeted and standardized characterization of hemiplegic gait is needed for tailoring rehabilitation and monitoring results.
Multiwinner approval rules as apportionment methods

We establish a link between multiwinner elections and apportionment problems by showing how approval-based multiwinner election rules can be interpreted as methods of apportionment. We consider several multiwinner rules and observe that some, but not all, of them induce apportionment methods that are well-established in the literature and in the actual practice of representation, be it proportional or non-proportional. For instance, we show that proportional approval voting induces the D’Hondt method and that Monroe’s rule induces the largest remainder method. Our approach also yields apportionment methods implementing degressive proportionality. Furthermore, we consider properties of apportionment methods and exhibit multiwinner rules that induce apportionment methods satisfying these properties.
Towards awareness computing under control by world knowledge grounded in sensory data

Distributed intelligent robot network (DIRN) consists of one brain node and numerous sensor and actor nodes with human-friendly interfaces. These nodes are intended to autonomously or consciously perform knowledge-based processing such as understanding sensory events, planning appropriate actions and knowledgeable communication even with ordinary people. This paper considers awareness in a DIRN and proposes a systematic method to control it by world knowledge represented in a formal language, so called, Lmd in order for autonomous problem finding and solving.
Object-order rendering of discrete objects

This dissertation gives accurate and efficient methods for the object-order rendering of discrete objects. Discrete objects are typically represented with a volume raster and rendered with a volume rendering algorithm. However, current object-order volume rendering algorithms suffer from several problems. First, they require that the volume raster be traversed in a strict visibility order, but existing visibility ordering methods do not always correctly order perspective projections of volume rasters. Second, both perspective and orthographic renderings of volume rasters can contain aliasing artifacts, but current object-order techniques have no method for addressing these artifacts. Third, computergenerated animations suffer from temporal aliasing artifacts, which can be addressed by adding motion blur. But currently the only motion-blur method for object-order techniques is super-sampling, which is very expensive. This dissertation presents three new techniques for the object-order rendering of discrete objects which address these shortcomings. First, it gives and proves the correctness of a new method for traversing a rectilinear volume raster in an order that guarantees correct visibility under a perspective projection. Second, it introduces an innovative technique for eliminating the aliasing artifacts that occur when rendering a discrete object. Third, it gives a new technique for adding motion blur to renderings of discrete objects which is much more efficient than super-sampling. It uses the common object-order volume rendering method of splattingas a testbed for realizing these new techniques. This dissertation gives examples of the new techniques applied to volume rendering confocal data, texture-mapping discrete polygons, and rendering terrain datasets. In particular, the terrain representation is innovative compared to traditional object-order methods, which typically represent the terrain with triangular surface patches.
Bitfields and Tagged Unions in C: Verification through Automatic Generation

We present a tool for automatic generation of packed bitfields and tagged unions for systems-level C, along with automatic, machine checked refinement proofs in Isabelle/HOL. Our approach provides greater predictability than compiler-specific bitfield implementations, and provides a basis for formal reasoning about these typically non-type-safe operations. The tool is used in the implementation of the seL4 microkernel, and hence also in the lowest-level refinement step of the L4.verified project which aims to prove the functional correctness of seL4. Within seL4, it has eliminated the need for unions entirely.
MiR-206, a Key Modulator of Skeletal Muscle Development and Disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as fundamental post-transcriptional regulators inhibit gene expression linked to various biological processes. MiR-206 is one of the most studied and best characterized miRNA to date, which specifically expressed in skeletal muscle. In this review, we summarized the results of studies of miR-206 with emphasis on its function in skeletal muscle development. Importantly, dysregulation of miR-206 has been linked to many disorders in skeletal muscle such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and circulating miR-206 has highlighted its potential as a diagnose biomarker. In addition, a mutation in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the myostatin gene in the Texel sheep creating a target site for the miR-206 and miR-1 leads to inhibition of myostatin expression, which likely to cause the muscular hypertrophy phenotype of this breed of sheep. Therefore, miR-206 may become novel target for ameliorating skeletal muscle-related disorders and optimization of muscle quantity of domestic animals.
Multi pose face recognition using double stages classifications: SMLDA and fusion of scale invariant features

This paper presents alternative technique for multi-pose face recognition using double stages classifications: shifting mean LDA (SMLDA) and fusion of scale invariant features (FSIF) based face descriptor. The first stage is employed to find the best class candidates that are similar to the query image the second stage (i.e FSIF) is employed to find the best matched class corresponding to the query image. The aims of this method are to solve the large face variability due to pose variations, to decrease the computational time of FSIF-based face recognition, and to avoid using the 3D scanner for estimating any pose variations of a face image without decreasing the recognition performance. The experimental results show that proposed method can overcome large face variability due to face pose variations, need short the computational time, and give better recognition rate than those of the previous method. In addition, the proposed method also provides better recognition rate than that of 3D based methods without requiring 3D scanner.
Oocyte yield and dysmorphisms as indicators of biological efficiency in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles

The aim of the study was to examine whether oocyte yield could be an indicator of morphological oocyte quality and biological competency in patients younger than 36 years undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Three hundred and thirty-five intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures were arbitrarily subdivided into five groups according to the number of retrieved oocytes. Patients' demographic characteristics and treatment success were compared among the groups. The influence of the morphological oocyte abnormalities on outcomes was also investigated. The proportion of oocytes that gave rise to viable embryos and high-quality embryos decreased significantly according to oocyte yield. Similarly, the number of foetal heartbeat per retrieved oocyte in fresh embryo transfer cycles was higher in patients with fewer oocytes collected. Finally, a negative correlation was observed between the occurrence of intracytoplasmic oocyte dysmorphisms and the number of foetal heartbeat per oocyte. High oocyte yield may be considered an indicator of low oocyte biological efficiency and intracytoplasmic dysmorphisms may contribute to this biological wastage suggesting that protocols of minimal or mild stimulation should be used.