Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obstacle Avoidance System for Wheeled Mobile Robots by CMOS Image Sensors

The purpose of this paper is to adopt CMOS image sensors to build a real-time obstacle avoidance system for wheeled mobile robots, so that the robot can continually detect surroundings, avoid obstacles, and move toward the target area. In this study, CMOS image sensor was used to detect small obstacles and obtain information concerning the environment in front of the robot. In order to avoid obstacles, the rolling speed and direction of the robot's left and right wheels were determined by the channel weighting parameter method proposed in this study. The experimental results verified that image captured by a CMOS image sensor of the obstacle avoidance system of the wheeled mobile robot, which is combined with an ATMega162 embedded microcontroller, helps the robot avoid obstacles and reach the target area.
Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency by Margaret A. Shotton 1989, Taylor and Francis, pp 342, £32.00 (cloth), £12.00 (paper)

Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency reviewed by Dr Catherine Cassell, Sheffield City Polytechnic. AI and expertise: heuristic search, inference engines, automatic proving reviewed by Dr John Washbrook, Department of Computer Science, University College London. Artificial intelligence, expert systems and languages in modelling and simulation—Proceedings of the 1st IMACS Symposium on Artificial Intelligence 1987 reviewed by Dr Andrew Eliasz, Department of Computer Science, University Collge London.
Risk factors for early mortality after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

AbstractDespite advances in surgical technique and medical care, liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a high-risk major operation. The present study evaluated the risk factors for early mortality after hepatectomy.We retrospectively reviewed records of patients undergoing liver resection for HCC between 1983 and 2015. A point score (Risk Assessment for early Mortality (RAM) score) for hepatectomy was developed based on multivariate analyses.Three hundred eighty-three patients (11.3%) expired within 6 months after the operation. Logistic regression analyses identified that operative duration >270 minutes and blood loss >800 cc were significant predictors of major surgical complications (P = 0.013 and 0.002, respectively). On the other hand, diabetes mellitus, albumin ⩽3.5 g/dL, &agr;-fetoprotein (AFP) >200 ng/mL, major surgical procedure, blood loss >800 cc, and major surgical complications were independent risk factors for early mortality after hepatectomy (P = 0.019, <0.001, <0.001, 0.006, 0.018, and <0.001, respectively). Risk Assessment for early Mortality score (RAM score) identified 3 subgroups of patients with distinct 6-month mortality rate, with Class III (score 10) having highest risk of early mortality.Our study demonstrated that meticulous surgical techniques to minimize blood loss and avoid prolonged operative time may help decrease the occurrence of major surgical complications. In addition to major surgical complications, diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia, high AFP, massive blood loss, and major surgical procedure are also associated with early mortality after liver resection. Further study is warranted to validate the utility of RAM score as a bedside scoring system to predict postoperative outcome.
Trusted Server Model for Privacy-Enhanced Location Based Services

Nowadays, Location Based Services (LBS) are mostly, if not always, based on the processing of location data by two players: the telecommunications service provider and the LBS provider. Assuming that these two players are different entities, we introduce in this paper a viable privacy-enhanced model for LBS based on the concept of a trusted server. Further, we provide technological, legal and economic arguments for this model. We show how to prevent an LBS provider from associating a user to an LBS request in an economically feasible way. We also show how it is possible to prevent, at the same time, the telecommunications service provider from directly associating a specific LBS request with an individual user.
Finding collaborative innovation networks through correlating performance with social network structure

This paper contributes to the ongoing stream of research correlating social network structure with individual and organizational performance. While teaching a course on optimizing online communication behaviour and social network analysis, we collected preliminary data on the relationship between dynamic social network structures and individual and team performance. Students from Helsinki University of Technology and University of Cologne, who had never met face to face, formed virtual interdisciplinary teams collaborating on a common task, the communication analysis of online communities. As part of their task, students correlated performance of the community they were analysing with social network structure. In this research, we compare social network structure and individual and team performance of participants in a multi-user online computer game with social network structure and performance among the student teams. While among computer gamers the number of communication links predicts performance, a balanced contribution index predicts performance of the student knowledge worker teams. We also give general recommendations for efficient virtual communication behaviour.
Improving Secrecy with Nearly Collinear Main and Wiretap Channels via a Cooperative Jamming Relay

In physical layer security (PHY-security), the frequently observed high correlation between the main and wiretap channels can cause a significant loss of secrecy. This paper investigates a slow fading scenario, where a transmitter (Alice) sends a confidential message to a legitimate receiver (Bob) while a passive eavesdropper (Eve) attempts to decode the message from its received signal. It is assumed that Alice is equipped with multiple antennas while Bob and Eve each have a single antenna (i.e., a MISOSE system). In a MISOSE system, high correlation results in nearly collinear main and wiretap channel vectors, which help Eve to see and intercept confidential information. Unfortunately, the signal processing techniques at Alice, such as beamforming and artificial noise (AN), are helpless, especially in the extreme case of completely collinear main and wiretap channel vectors. On this background, we first investigate the achievable secrecy outage probability via beamforming and AN at Alice with the optimal power allocation between the information-bearing signal and AN. Then, an ingenious model, in which a cooperative jamming relay (Relay) is introduced, is proposed to effectively mitigate the adverse effects of high correlation. Based on the proposed model, the power allocation between the information-bearing signal at Alice and the AN at Relay is also studied to maximize secrecy. Finally, to validate our proposed schemes, numerical simulations are conducted, and the results show that a significant performance gain with respect to secrecy is achieved.
Distributed Random Access Algorithm: Scheduling and Congestion Control

This paper provides proofs of the rate stability, Harris recurrence, and ε-optimality of carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) algorithms where the random access (or backoff) parameter of each node is adjusted dynamically. These algorithms require only local information and they are easy to implement. The setup is a network of wireless nodes with a fixed conflict graph that identifies pairs of nodes whose simultaneous transmissions conflict. The paper studies two algorithms. The first algorithm schedules transmissions to keep up with given arrival rates of packets. The second algorithm controls the arrivals in addition to the scheduling and attempts to maximize the sum of the utilities, in terms of the rates, of the packet flows at different nodes. For the first algorithm, the paper proves rate stability for strictly feasible arrival rates and also Harris recurrence of the queues. For the second algorithm, the paper proves the ε-optimality in terms of the utilities of the allocated rates. Both algorithms are iterative and we study two versions of each of them. In the first version, both operate with strictly local information but have relatively weaker performance guarantees; under the second version, both provide stronger performance guarantees by utilizing the additional information of the number of nodes in the network.
Standardized Percentile Curves of Body Mass Index of Northeast Iranian Children Aged 25 to 60 Months

Objective Growth charts are widely used to assess children's growth status and can provide a trajectory of growth during early important months of life. Racial differences necessitate using local growth charts. This study aimed to provide standardized growth curves of body mass index (BMI) for children living in northeast Iran. Methods A total of 23730 apparently healthy boys and girls aged 25 to 60 months recruited for 20 days from those attending community clinics for routine health checks. Anthropometric measurements were done by trained health staff using WHO methodology. The LMSP method with maximum penalized likelihood, the Generalized Additive Models, the Box-Cox power exponential distribution distribution, Akaike Information Criteria and Generalized Akaike Criteria with penalty equal to 3 [GAIC(3)], and Worm plot and Q-tests as goodness of fit tests were used to construct the centile reference charts. Findings The BMI centile curves for boys and girls aged 25 to 60 months were drawn utilizing a population of children living in northeast Iran. Conclusion The results of the current study demonstrate the possibility of preparation of local growth charts and their importance in evaluating children's growth. Also their differences, relative to those prepared by global references, reflect the necessity of preparing local charts in future studies using longitudinal data.
Functional Analysis of B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Engagement on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells1

T cell activation can be profoundly altered by coinhibitory and costimulatory molecules. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a recently identified inhibitory Ig superfamily cell surface protein found on lymphocytes and APC. In this study we analyze the effects of an agonistic anti-BTLA mAb, PK18, on TCR-mediated T cell activation. Unlike many other allele-specific anti-BTLA mAb we have generated, PK18 inhibits anti-CD3-mediated CD4+ T cell proliferation. This inhibition is not dependent on regulatory T cells, nor does the Ab induce apoptosis. Inhibition of T cell proliferation correlates with a profound reduction in IL-2 secretion, although this is not the sole cause of the block of cell proliferation. In contrast, PK18 has no effect on induction of the early activation marker CD69. PK18 also significantly inhibits, but does not ablate, IL-2 secretion in the presence of costimulation as well as reduces T cell proliferation under limiting conditions of activation in the presence of costimulation. Similarly, PK18 inhibits Ag-specific T cell responses in culture. Interestingly, PK18 is capable of delivering an inhibitory signal as late as 16 h after the initiation of T cell activation. CD8+ T cells are significantly less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of PK18. Overall, BTLA adds to the growing list of cell surface proteins that are potential targets to down-modulate T cell function.
Microgrids in the evolving electricity generation and delivery infrastructure

The legacy paradigm for electricity service in most of the electrified world today is based on the centralized generation-transmission-distribution infrastructure that evolved under a regulated environment. More recently, a quest for effective economic investments, responsive markets, and sensitivity to the availability of resources, has led to various degrees of deregulation and unbundling of services. In this context, a new paradigm is emerging wherein electricity generation is intimately embedded with the load in microgrids. Development and decay of the familiar macrogrid is discussed. Three salient features of microgrids are examined to suggest that cohabitation of micro and macro grids is desirable, and that overall energy efficiency can be increased, while power is delivered to loads at appropriate levels of quality
Induction of manganese superoxide dismutase in BV‐2 microglial cells

THE regulation of the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was studied in immortalized microglial cells (line BV-2). BV-2 cells, activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibited an increase in MnSOD-like immunoreactivity, that was associated with an accumulation of nitrite in the culture medium and an increase in immunoreactivity for the inducible type of nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS). The i-NOS inhibitor L N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (NIL, 600 μM) suppressed the nitrite accumulation and the increase in Mn-SOD-like immunoreactivity in activated cells without significant effect on the level of i-NOS-like immunoreactivity. The NO donor sodium nitroprusside dose-dependently increased Mn-SOD-like immunoreactivity in NILpretreated BV-2 cells. These results indicate that the induction of Mn-SOD in activated BV-2 cells is mediated in part by NO, or its metabolites.
THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF MARRIAGE

ject by the artificiality of the experimental situation makes it unnecessary for the observer to attribute much complexity to the subject. It is such a simplified version of learning theory which these social scientists employ and such a simplified picture of the experimental situation to which they compare culture. The crude hedonism which infers reward from overt acts in unconstructed social situations directs attention away from the questions to be answered in understanding individual behavior. These include the relation of the social and psychological aspects of individual behavior, especially the relation of psychological motivation to social role, and the problem of creativeness or change, both social and psychological. To conclude, none of the writers has succeeded in getting beyond supplying new labels for events after they occur. They reason in a circle by inferring drive, cue, and reward from a selected overt act which they call response. As far as these studies are concerned, the analytic identity of culture and training situation has not been established.26
Antenna Deployment Method for MIMO Radar under the Situation of Multiple Interference Regions

In this paper, considering multiple interference regions simultaneously, an optimal antenna deployment problem for distributed Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) radar is investigated. The optimal antenna deployment problem is solved by proposing an antenna deployment method based on Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). Firstly, we construct a multi-objective optimization problem for MIMO radar antenna deployment by choosing the interference power densities of different regions as objective functions. Then, to obtain the optimal deployment result without wasting time and computational resources, an iteration convergence criterion based on interval distance is proposed. The iteration convergence criterion can be used to stop the MOPSO optimization process efficiently when the optimal antenna deployment algorithm reaches the desired convergence level. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Domain Filtering can Degrade Intelligent Backtracking Search

This paper presents an improved backjumping algorithm for the constraint satisfaction problem, namely conflict-directed backjumping (CBJ). CBJ is then modified such that it can detect infeasible values and removes them from the domains of variables once and for all. A similar modification is then made to Gaschnig's backjumping routine BJ and to Haralick and Elliott's forward checking routine FC. Empirical analysis shows that these modifications tend to result in an improvement in average performance. The existence of a peculiar phenomenon is then shown: the removal of infeasible values may result in a degradation in the performance of intelligent backjumping algorithms, and conversely the addition of infeasible values may lead to an improvement in performance.
Wireless capsule endoscopy of the large intestine: a review with future projections

Purpose of review Video capsule endoscopy, which was initially developed for exploring the small bowel, has been adapted for investigating the colon. This review summarizes recent developments in colon capsule technology as well as indications for its use. Recent findings Second-generation PillCam colon capsule endoscopy (CCE-2) has been recently developed and has significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of colon capsules for detecting polyps and/or tumors in patients with suspected or known colonic lesions. The use of CCE-2 has been shown to be of value in patients with incomplete standard colonoscopy. The use of CCE-2 has also been investigated in patients with ulcerative colitis and in outpatient settings. Several trials have tried to simplify the colon preparation regimen. Summary Colon capsule endoscopy is a novel technique for exploring the colon. CCE-2 has improved the diagnostic capability of this noninvasive method. There is still room for improvement and simplification of colon preparation regimens. Apart from detection of polyps or neoplasms, colon capsule endoscopy has also been assessed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
First-principles calculation of positron annihilation characteristics at metal vacancies.

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Women's attitude towards routine human platelet antigen‐screening in pregnancy

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a potentially life‐threatening disease with excellent preventative treatment available for subsequent pregnancies. To prevent index cases, the effectiveness of a population‐based screening program has been suggested repeatedly. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate women's attitude towards possible future human platelet antigen‐screening in pregnancy.
Inhibitory effects of amiodarone and its N-deethylated metabolite on human cytochrome P450 activities: prediction of in vivo drug interactions.

AIMS To predict the drug interactions of amiodarone and other drugs, the inhibitory effects and inactivation potential for human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes by amiodarone and its N-dealkylated metabolite, desethylamiodarone were examined. METHODS The inhibition or inactivation potency of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone for human CYP activities were investigated using microsomes from B-lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4. The in vivo drug interactions of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone were predicted in vitro using the 1+Iu/Ki values. RESULTS Amiodarone weakly inhibited CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4-mediated activities with Ki values of 45.1-271.6 microm. Desethylamiodarone competitively inhibited the catalytic activities of CYP2D6 (Ki=4.5 microm ) and noncompetitively inhibited CYP2A6 (Ki=13.5 microm ), CYP2B6 (Ki=5.4 microm ), and CYP3A4 (Ki=12.1 microm ). The catalytic activities of CYP1A1 (Ki=1.5 microm, alpha=5.7), CYP1A2 (Ki=18.8 microm, alpha=2.6), CYP2C9 (Ki=2.3 microm, alpha=5.9), and CYP2C19 (Ki=15.7 microm, alpha=4.5) were inhibited by desethylamiodarone with mixed type. The 1+Iu/Ki values of desethylamiodarone were higher than those of amiodarone. Amiodarone inactivated CYP3A4, while desethylamiodarone inactivated CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2D6. CONCLUSIONS The interactions between amiodarone and other drugs might occur via the inhibition of CYP activities by its N-dealkylated metabolite, desethylamiodarone, rather than by amiodarone itself. In addition, the inactivation of CYPs by desethylamiodarone as well as by amiodarone would also contribute to the drug interactions.
A VEGETATION HISTORY OF WILLIAMSTOWN

A study was made of the distribution and abundance of the tree species recorded in the original lot surveys of Williamstown, Massachusetts (1752-1788), and of early historical accounts, in order to construct a map of the town's presettlement forest types. A map of the town's present forest cover was constructed, and the composition of 77 plots was compared to the presettlement composition . The presettlement vegetation seems to have included five forest types. About 75 of the town supported a "Northern Hardwood Hemlock" forest in which the principle tree species were beech, sugar maple, and hemlock, with secondary species including white pine, red oak, ashes, birches and basswood. Elevations above 2000 feet on Mt. Greylock and the Taconic Crest, tended to be a "Spruce-Fir-Northern Hardwood" forest, with beech and maple as the most abundant hardwoods. An "Oak-Hickory-Northern Hardwoods" forest probably covered the dry, northeast corner of town. The low, sandy area, in the same part of town, was covered with a "White Pine-Oak" forest. The lowlands along the rivers and streams supported a "Hemlock-Lowland Hardwood" forest, with elm, basswood, and butternut as the dominant hardwoods. The most abundant species in the presettlement forests were beech and maple. About 42 of the trees noted in the surveys were beech, while about 18 were maple. The present forest composition shows that maple has increased to about 35 of the basal area while beech has decreased to 18. An increase in the abundance of birches and ash was also noted. These changes were related to the history of land-use in Williamstown. An increase in human disturbance has caused the present forest's mosaic of secondary successions, and the related increase in earlier successional species abundance along with a decrease in the late successional beech. The elevation, slope and aspect distribution of species in the presettlement and present forests were compared. The late successional beech and sugar maple are presently most abundant over 1500 feet, where there is least human disturbance. The earlier successional birches, ash and aspen are most abundant below 1500 feet, where there is more human disturbance and secondary succession. Some morphological and physiological characteristics of the predominant species were briefly examined, in order to better understand the distribution patterns in both the presettlement and present forests.