Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voltage Reference Realignment Cell Balance to Solve Overvoltage Caused by Gradual Damage of Series-Connected Batteries

This paper analyzes the cause of electric vehicle battery fires. The fundamental cause is attributed to a low cell balance current, and it is proven that the variation in the battery’s internal voltage due to temperature change is the decisive reason for battery fires. In this paper, the authors studied a method of solving the problem by changing only the software of the existing Battery Management System (BMS) without changing the hardware. Batteries cannot be made with 100% capacity, resulting in voltage division. Cell balancing is performed to prevent such phenomena, but a low cell balance current prevents the proper operation of cell balancing. As a result, relatively small batteries, due to progressive degradation, have continuous voltage rise toward overvoltage. Subsequently, an additional voltage rise occurs as the chemical activity of the battery increases due to temperature rise. In this paper, a new cell balancing method is proposed to limit the aging process of cells with a relatively small capacity and peak voltage. In addition, it was validated through simulation using MATLAB R2019a.
Environmental Policy Affecting the Development of Green Banking and Green Economy: A Case Study in Vietnam

Purpose: Research on factors affecting the development of green banking and green economy in Vietnam. The authors proposed policy implications that contribute to developing green banking and green economy in Vietnam based on the research results. Theoretical framework: Applied theoretical foundations and research model. In this part, the authors present the theoretical basis of green banking and green economy; as domestic and foreign studies related to green banking development, thereby building research models and developing research hypotheses. Method/design/approach: In research methods, the authors presented research methods such as qualitative research, preliminary quantitative research, and formal quantitative research. These methods are expressed through the research process and scale adjustment to test the research hypotheses. Besides, the authors continue to collect data for the official quantitative research method. This data is collected through a questionnaire survey of about 900 officers and employees of 15 commercial banks in five provinces and the city of Vietnam. Results and conclusion: The research results suggest some policy implications and recommendations to promote green banking development toward sustainable economic development in the long term. Many countries worldwide, including Vietnam, have chosen to develop green banking development and green economy. Research implications: Helping bank leaders assess the awareness and concern of bank staff about green banking and customers' understanding, needs, and desires for green services. Finally, banks design green banking products and services in line with the requirements of customers and the green economy.
Testing different Log Bases For Vector Model Weighting Technique

Information retrieval systems retrieves relevant documents based on a query submitted by the user. The documents are initially indexed and the words in the documents are assigned weights using a weighting technique called TFIDF which is the product of Term Frequency (TF) and Inverse Document Frequency (IDF). TF represents the number of occurrences of a term in a document. IDF measures whether the term is common or rare across all documents. It is computed by dividing the total number of documents in the system by the number of documents containing the term and then computing the logarithm of the quotient. By default, we use base 10 to calculate the logarithm. In this paper, we are going to test this weighting technique by using a range of log bases from 0.1 to 100.0 to calculate the IDF. Testing different log bases for vector model weighting technique is to highlight the importance of understanding the performance of the system at different weighting values. We use the documents of MED, CRAN, NPL, LISA, and CISI test collections that scientists assembled explicitly for experiments in data information retrieval systems.
A Method-of-lines Approach for Solving American Option Problems

The early exercise property of American option changes the original BlackScholes equation to an inequality that cannot be solved via traditional finite difference method. Therefore, finding the early exercise boundary prior to spatial discretization is a must in each time step. This overhead slows down the computation and the accuracy of solution relies on if the early exercise boundary can be accurately located. A simple numerical method based on finite difference and method of lines is proposed here to overcome this difficulty in American option valuation. Our method averts the otherwise necessary procedure of locating the optimal exercise boundary before applying finite difference discretization. The method is efficient and flexible to all kinds of pay-off. Computations of American put, American call with dividend, American strangle, two-factor American basket put option, and two-factor convertible bond with embedded call and put options are demonstrated to show the efficiency of the current method.
Using US Stock Sectors to Diversify, Hedge, and Provide Safe Havens for NFT Coins

This paper explores risk management strategies for investments in Nonfungible Token (NFT) coins through their diversification within the S&P 500 industry sectors. Given the significant decline in NFT coin values in 2022, understanding these strategies is critical for investors. This study focused on four major NFT coins (Enjin coin (ENJ), MANA, Theta coin (THETA), and the Tezos coin (XTZ)) and employed ETFs representing the major S&P 500 sectors for analysis. Dynamic conditional correlation GARCH models have been used, to estimate correlations between the NFT coins and US industry sector ETFs. Our findings showed that while most S&P 500 sectors offered diversification benefits in the pre-COVID period, all of them did during the COVID period. However, these sectors are generally weak safe havens and poor hedges. Portfolio analysis suggests an optimal NFT coin weighting of 10–30%, based on the Sharpe ratio. This study aims to pave the way for informed decision-making in the dynamic NFT market.
Influential Indigenous voices? Evaluating cultural impact assessment effectiveness in Aotearoa New Zealand

ABSTRACT In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori have prepared their own impact assessments for three decades. Yet, there has been no evaluation of effectiveness. Asking practitioners and experts to reflect on their experiences with Cultural Impact Assessment (CIA), we addressed the question ‘how far do CIA go to deliver outcomes Māori define as positive’? Interweaving Indigenous lived experiences with Indigenous theory, we undertook a critical analysis of CIA effectiveness. We found that CIA are delivering positive outcomes, but these are highly variable, and fall short of substantial outcomes consistent with the partnership and the dual planning framework envisioned by the Treaty of Waitangi. 1 To be effective, CIA functions best when it is Indigenous-led and – in the wider Aotearoa New Zealand planning and impact assessment framework – also Treaty-led. The Māori experience contributes to the developing international field of Indigenous IA.
Optimization of the communication processes and knowledge management in retail teams

The success of innovation is due to the relationship within innovation teams. In this context, communication is a fundamental tool to add value to organizations. Therefore. A system to optimize communication within these teams is growing in importance. So, This study aims to propose an artifact to optimize the knowledge management and communication process flows in teams from organizations in the retail sector. Likewise, it was possible to comprehend the influence and the importance of these processes for the development of innovation in businesses. The Design Science Research method was used, which culminated in the creation of an artifact for better use of communicational interactions. So, the created solution also went through an evaluation stage that allowed a full analysis of its behaviors and usefulness. Finally, it was concluded that the proposed artifact is of extreme importance for organizations, once that, with its results, it can directly impact team productivity and boost the innovative process within companies. As a contribution, the proposed artifact includes three new phases in the project cycle that are placed between each of the existing phases, called "project story" and aims to tell the work in detail.
Little but Intense: Using a HIIT-Based Strategy to Improve Mood and Cognitive Functioning in College Students

Looking for useful and motivational strategies for promoting healthy habits and improving cognitive functioning in young populations, the aim of the present study was to determine if a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise could stimulate mood and working memory in college students. A total of 25 male subjects (mean ± SD, age: 21.7 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight: 72.6 ± 8.4 kg; body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.4 kg/m2; VO2peak: 47.1 ± 9.3 mL/kg/min) participated voluntarily in this study. Participants underwent a high-intensity interval exercise consisting of 10 × 1 min of cycling at VO2peak power output. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and Digit Span Test (DST) were administered at three assessment time points: (a) pre-intervention assessment, (b) post-intervention assessment, and (c) 30 min post-intervention. The mood states decreased significantly after exercise; however, a significant increase in mood was found after 30 min of recovery. A significant post-exercise increase in DST performance was observed; moreover, DST scores obtained 30 min after exercise remained higher than those assessed pre-exercise. In conclusion, a single bout of HIIT induces acute positive changes in mood states in male college students and seems to be a powerful stimulus for cognitive functioning.
EFFECT OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY ON THE SURVIVAL OF MICRO-ENTERPRISES

This study investigates the extent to which Fintech lending affects micro-enterprises survival and sales revenue in Nigeria. The study employed a survey design by administering a structured questionnaire on owners/managers of micro-enterprises in Lagos, Nigeria. Two hypotheses were developed and evaluated based on the study's aims. The research instrument (questionnaire) was administered to the targeted respondents in February 2023. Three hundred and twelve (312) questionnaires were returned, out of which nine (9) were not correctly filled by respondents. A total of three hundred and three (303) questionnaires were finally considered fit for analysis, representing a return rate of 76%. The study used charts to analyze the demographic data, and regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis using SPSS. The findings reveal that Fintech lending significantly affects micro-enterprises survival and sales revenue. The R-Square indicates that Fintech lending accounts for a 24.9% change in micro-enterprises' survival. Furthermore, the findings from the test of the second hypothesis indicate that Fintech lending accounts for a 30.8% change in micro-enterprises' sales revenue. It can be concluded that Fintech lending is an important determinant of micro-enterprises survival and sales revenue. Therefore, it is recommended that micro-enterprises should utilize Fintech lending packages to enhance their survival and sales revenue. This study has set the framework for future research into the extent to which Fintech lending affects micro-enterprises survival and sales revenue. This is a groundbreaking study from the perspective of Nigeria, as it reveals the effect of Fintech lending and asset finance on the survival as well as sales revenue of micro-enterprises in Nigeria. The study also contributes significantly to the Technology Acceptance theory, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and the Theory of Reasoned Action, which are all relevant to Fintech.
Real-Time Modeling of Forward-Looking Synthetic Aperture Ground Penetrating Radar Scattering From Rough Terrain

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a viable tool for fast and high fidelity detection of concealed explosive threats. The radar effectiveness is limited by scattering from rough terrain which considerably obscures the buried target response. To calculate the rough ground scattering, a 3-D full-wave algorithm such as finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method is required but is often prohibitive for multiple frames when the GPR antennas are distant from the target region. This paper presents a real-time 3-D modeling of a moving platform forward-looking GPR scattering from rough terrain located at great electrical distances from the GPR antenna. For a synthetic aperture, the computational domain of the focal region is reduced to a very small subset of the entire observed volume, and the surface clutter is computed via a mere multiplication of a precomputed impulse response matrix of the rough ground with the matrix characterizing the GPR transmitting signal. For a vehicle-mounted GPR detection system, this results in a significant reduction of complexity and saving of computation resources. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated through an implementation of 3-D Monte Carlo simulation for various rough surface parameters. Our developed model compares well with the direct FDFD results, and can be used for lossy and frequency-dispersive soils.
Virtual Element approximations of the Vector Potential Formulation of Magnetostatic problems

1 Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni, Università di Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20153, Milano, Italy and IMATI-CNR, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy E-mail address: lourenco.beirao@unimib.it 2 IMATI-CNR, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy E-mail address: brezzi@imati.cnr. it 3 Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, I-27100 Pavia, Italy and IMATI-CNR, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy E-mail address: marini@imati.cnr. it 4 Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni, Università di Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20153, Milano, Italy and IMATI-CNR, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy E-mail address: alessandro.russo@unimib.it.
Movement of Lipid Droplets in the Arabidopsis Pollen Tube Is Dependent on the Actomyosin System

The growth of pollen tubes, which depends on actin filaments, is pivotal for plant reproduction. Pharmacological experiments showed that while oryzalin and brefeldin A treatments had no significant effect on the lipid droplets (LDs) trafficking, while 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), latrunculin B, SMIFH2, and cytochalasin D treatments slowed down LDs trafficking, in such a manner that only residual wobbling was observed, suggesting that trafficking of LDs in pollen tube is related to F-actin. While the trafficking of LDs in the wild-type pollen tubes and in myo11-2, myo11b1-1, myo11c1-1, and myo11c2-1 single mutants and myo11a1-1/myo11a2-1 double mutant were normal, their trafficking slowed down in a myosin-XI double knockout (myo11c1-1/myo11c2-1) mutant. These observations suggest that Myo11C1 and Myo11C2 motors are involved in LDs movement in pollen tubes, and they share functional redundancy. Hence, LDs movement in Arabidopsis pollen tubes relies on the actomyosin system.
Building explicit induction schemas for cyclic induction reasoning

In the setting of classical first-order logic with inductive predicates, two kinds of sequent-based induction reasoning are distinguished: cyclic and structural. Proving their equivalence is of great theoretical and practical interest for the automated reasoning community. In~\cite{Brotherston:2005qy,Brotherston:2006uy}, it has been shown how to transform any structural proof developed with the LKID system into a cyclic proof using the CLKID$^\omega$ system. However, the inverse transformation was only conjectured. We provide a simple procedure that performs the inverse transformation for an extension of LKID with explicit induction rules issued from the structural analysis of CLKID$^{\omega}$ proofs, then establish the equivalence of the two systems. This result is further refined for an extension of LKID with Noetherian induction rules. We show that Noetherian induction subsumes the two kinds of reasoning. This opens the perspective for building new effective induction proof methods and validation techniques supported by (higher-order) certification systems integrating the Noetherian induction principle, like Coq.
Event-Triggered Pinning Impulsive Control for Cluster Synchronization of Coupled Genetic Oscillator Networks With Proportional Delay

This article considers the cluster synchronization of coupled genetic oscillator networks (GONs) with proportional delay via the event-triggered pinning impulsive control (ETPIC). First, a novel Lyapunov-dependent event-triggered rule for impulsive functional differential equation that includes proportional delay is proposed by means of a new auxiliary function and the improved Lyapunov–Razumikhin method, which is different from the previous results. And then, a Lyapunov-dependent ETPIC rule is first designed, which integrates the pinning control with the established event-triggered impulsive control. On this basis, some new cluster synchronization criteria for coupled GONs with proportional delay are derived in the light of linear matrix inequalities. Note that the triggering impulsive instant is determined by the designed ETPIC rule, and only a fraction of nodes of each cluster are controlled at each triggering instant according to the designed algorithm. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Survey-Based Cross-Country Comparisons Where Countries Vary in Sample Design: Issues and Solutions

Abstract In multi-national surveys, different countries usually implement different sample designs. The sample designs affect the variance of estimates of differences between countries. When making such estimates, analysts often fail to take sufficient account of sample design. This failure occurs sometimes because variables indicating stratification, clustering, or weighting are unavailable, partially available, or in a form that is unsuitable for cross-national analysis. In this article, we demonstrate how complex sample design should be taken into account when estimating differences between countries, and we provide practical guidance to analysts and to data producers on how to deal with partial or inappropriately-coded sample design indicator variables. Using EU-SILC as a case study, we evaluate the inverse misspecification effect (imeff ) that results from ignoring clustering or stratification, or both in a between-country comparison where countries’ sample designs differ. We present imeff for estimates of between-country differences in a number of demographic and economic variables for 19 European Union Member States. We assess the magnitude of imeff and the associated impact on standard error estimates. Our empirical findings illustrate that it is important for data producers to supply appropriate sample design indicators and for analysts to use them.
Implementation of refined Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm in a superconducting qutrit system

Superconducting quantum circuits are promising candidates for realizing quantum computation due to their intrinsic scalability. Here, we report the implementation of the refined Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm in a 3D superconducting transmon qutrit system. Such 3D superconducting systems usually preserve a relatively long coherence time. A qutrit can take advantage of the third level of a superconducting artificial atom and extends the Hilbert space. Compared with the two‐qubit system used for realizing Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm, the employment of qutrit simplifies the hardware design. This simplification and the intrinsic long coherence time jointly lead to a higher fidelity than in previous transmon implementation [DiCarlo et al., Nature 460 (7252), 240–244 (2009)].
About the Looking Forward Approach in Cooperative Differential Games with Transferable Utility

This paper presents a complete description and the results of the Looking Forward Approach for cooperative differential games with transferable utility. The approach is used for constructing game theoretical models and defining solutions for conflict-controlled processes where information about the process updates dynamically or for differential games with dynamic updating. It is supposed that players lack certain information about the dynamical system and payoff function over the whole time interval on which the game is played. At each instant, information about the game structure updates, players receive new updated information about the dynamical system and payoff functions. A resource extraction game serves as an illustration in order to compare a cooperative trajectory, imputations, and the imputation distribution procedure in a game with the Looking Forward Approach and in the original game with a prescribed duration.
Critical fluctuations and complex spinodal points

The experimental signatures of the QCD critical point rely on the universal singular behavior of the equation of state at the critical point. Therefore, we study singularities of the universal scaling equation of state of the $\phi^4$ theory, or the Ising model. We focus on the relation between spinodal points that limit the domain of metastability for temperatures below the critical temperature, i.e., $T T_{\rm c}$. The extended analyticity conjecture (due to Fonseca and Zamolodchikov) that for $T<T_{\rm c}$ the Lee-Yang edge singularities are the closest singularities to the real $H$ axis have interesting implications, in particular, that the spinodal singularities do not lie on the real $H$ axis. We find that the Ising model parametric equation of state obtained in the $\epsilon=4-d$ expansion, as well as the related $O(N)$ model equation of state at large $N$, are both non-trivially consistent with this conjecture, and analyze the reason for the difficulty of addressing this question using the $\epsilon$-expansion. In particular, we resolve the long-standing paradox associated with the fact that the vicinity of the Lee-Yang edge singularity is described by Fisher's $\phi^3$ theory, which is nonperturbative even for $d\geq4$ where the equation of state of the $\phi^4$ theory is expected to become mean-field-like. We derive the Ginzburg criterion that determines the size of the region around the Lee-Yang edge singularity, where the mean-field theory no longer applies.