Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Labour, Social Justice and Children: Political Calculation and the Deserving‐Undeserving Schism

Summary Within a context of national prosperity and relative economic strength, poverty and inequality is rife in the UK. This paper considers the broad contours of such social injustice, before sharpening the focus to examine the specificities of child poverty. The New Labour government has made an 'historic pledge' to end child poverty within a generation. The paper traces the key policy initiatives that are being directed to this end and, by drawing on the latest research evidence, it attempts to assess their early impact. Whilst it is acknowledged that the government's social justice agenda has made some progress in 'tackling' child poverty, it is further proposed that a more rigorous redistributive approach is required if substantial and sustainable improvements are to be made. Furthermore, it is argued that the social justice agenda is conditioned by wider political calculations, which limit its scope. In this way the imperative to be seen to be 'tough on crime' has meant that policy responses to children in trouble have taken a distinctive and increasingly punitive form. By developing the argument that New Labour's electoral ambitions have led it to re-engage with a specious 'deserving' 'undeserving' conceptual dichotomy, the paper assesses the implications for the treatment of child 'offenders' in particular, and the broader social justice project more generally.
Dynamic Volatility Spillovers in Agricultural and Energy Commodities

This study contributes to the literature by using a spillover index method to examine the changing interrelations among corn and energy future prices from 1997 to 2014. The spillover index is based upon a vector autoregressive model, which allows us to account for other determinants of agricultural and energy future prices, including economic fundamentals and market speculation. Utilizing structural break tests, we evaluate the influence of recent policies and market shifts. The overall sample is split into two separate subsamples (split in 2006) to compare the spillover activities across the two distinct periods of time. While each commodity’s past behavior explains the largest portion of its own variability, we find a substantial increase in relative volatility spillovers between corn, crude oil, and ethanol futures prices. As a sensitivity analysis, we extend our study by conducting a rolling-sample analysis of the volatility spillover index through time. As expected, the variations in the estimated volatility spillover index plot correspond to historical market events.
Differential Effects of PI3K and Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibition in Rat Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Tumors

Aggressive pituitary tumors are rare but difficult to manage, as there is no effective chemotherapy to restrict their growth and cause their shrinkage. Within these tumors, growth-promoting cascades, like the PI3K/mTOR pathway, appear to be activated. We tested the efficacy of two inhibitors of this pathway, NVP-BKM120 (Buparlisib; pan-PI3K) and NVP-BEZ235 (dual PI3K/mTOR), both in vitro on immortalized pituitary tumor cells (GH3) and on primary cell cultures of human pituitary tumors and in vivo on a rat model of prolactin (PRL) tumors (SMtTW3). In vitro, NVP-BEZ235 had a potent apoptotic and cytostatic effect that was characterized by decreased cyclin D/E and Cdk4/2 protein levels and subsequent accumulation of cells in G1. In vivo, the effect was transient, with a decrease in mitotic index and increase in apoptosis; long-term treatment had no significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth. In contrast, while NVP-BKM120 had little effect in vitro, it dramatically limited tumor growth in vivo. Increased Akt phosphorylation observed only in the NVP-BEZ235–treated tumors may explain the differential response to the two inhibitors. Primary cell cultures of human PRL pituitary tumors responded to NVP-BEZ235 with reduced cell viability and decreased hormone secretion, whereas NVP-BKM120 had little effect. Altogether, these results show a potential for PI3K inhibitors in the management of aggressive pituitary tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1261–70. ©2016 AACR.
Percepción de control y respuestas cardiovasculares 1

RESUMEN. Uno de los aspectos que mas discusion ha suscitado en los ultimos tiempos entre quienes nos dedicamos al estudio de la emocion tiene que ver con la eventual asociacion entre percepcion, valoracion y respuesta fisiologica. Esto es, siguiendo la maxima aristotelica, cabria cuestionar si las cosas son como son o son como cada quien las percibe. El objetivo de este experimento ha sido establecer la existencia de una conexion entre percepcion de control y responsividad cardiovascular. La muestra estudiada ha estado conformada por estudiantes de la Universidad de Castellon; todos ellos han participado de forma voluntaria. La prueba de estres ha consistido en un examen real de una asignatura troncal de la titulacion que cursaban los participantes. Asi pues, utilizando una situacion de estres real, hipotetizamos que las respuestas cardiovasculares (medidas a traves de la tasa cardiaca, la presion sanguinea sistolica y la presion sanguinea diastolica) dependen de la percepcion de control que el individuo tiene, o cree tener, sobre la situacion.
War and the intelligence of youth.

Supporting the thesis that the drop in the average IQ of the applicants to the Philips Industrial Training School at Eindhoven during 1944 and 1945 was due to the influences of the war is the presently reported fact that the average IQ values for the classes of applicants for the years 1948, 1949, and 1950 have already achieved the prewar level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Disability, social exclusion and the consequential experience of justiciable problems

In this article, we examine the situation of disabled people in England and Wales with regard to one specific aspect of social exclusion—experience of justiciable problems, and the potential effects such problems can have on their lives. Having defined ‘disability’, we examine how this fits within the wider dialogue on social exclusion issues. By analysing the results of the Legal Services Research Centre's (LSRC) periodic survey of justiciable problems, we find that disabled respondents were not only more likely to experience a problem, they also experienced more problems. Increased likelihood of a problem was observed in the majority of problem categories and particularly those relating to issues of social exclusion, such as housing and welfare benefits. This propensity to experience multiple problems can lead to a negative impact on the lives of long‐term ill and disabled people.
Study on Shanghai stock market with ACD model based on MCMC

In the stock exchange, the trade duration reflect the important information about market exchange. So it has great effects on the bargainer's behaviors and the liquidity of the stock market exchange. For testing the infection of the trade duration in the stock exchange, the paper chooses two stocks in Shanghai Stock Exchange to study their trade duration with ACD model based on MCMC, discusses the characteristics related to duration, and checks the extent between the ACD model and China Stock Exchange Market. The research shows that the ACD model match well with China Stock Exchange.
Smooth local path planning for autonomous vehicles

Two cost functions of paths for smoothness are defined: path curvature and the derivative of path curvature. Through these definitions, two classes of simple paths are obtained, namely the set of circular arcs and the set of cubic spirals. A cubic spiral is a curve whose tangent direction is described by a cubic function of path distance s. These sets of simple paths are used for solving path planning problems of symmetric posture (position and orientation) pairs. For a nonsymmetric posture pair, two simple paths are used as a solution, based on the fact that the locus of split postures is a circle or a straight line. A posture q is said to be a split posture of a pair (p/sub 1/,p/sub 2/) of postures, if p/sub 1/ and q are symmetric and so are q and p/sub 2/. The resultant solutions are smoother than those obtained using clothoid curves. This algorithm has been successfully implemented on the autonomous mobile robot Yamabico-11. <<ETX>>
Reduction in Cerebral Perfusion after Heroin Administration: A Resting State Arterial Spin Labeling Study

Heroin dependence is a chronic relapsing brain disorder, characterized by the compulsion to seek and use heroin. Heroin itself has a strong potential to produce subjective experiences characterized by intense euphoria, relaxation and release from craving. The neurofunctional foundations of these perceived effects are not well known. In this study, we have used pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) in 15 heroin-dependent patients from a stable heroin-assisted treatment program to observe the steady state effects of heroin (60 min after administration). Patients were scanned in a cross-over and placebo controlled design. They received an injection of their regular dose of heroin or saline (placebo) before or after the scan. As phMRI method, we used a pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence based on a flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) spin labeling scheme combined with a single-shot 3D GRASE (gradient-spin echo) readout on a 3 Tesla scanner. Analysis was performed with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM 8), using a general linear model for whole brain comparison between the heroin and placebo conditions. We found that compared to placebo, heroin was associated with reduced perfusion in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and in the insula (both hemispheres). Analysis of extracted perfusion values indicate strong effect sizes and no gender related differences. Reduced perfusion in these brain areas may indicate self- and emotional regulation effects of heroin in maintenance treatment.
Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of the essential oil from different parts of Datura metel L.

Abstract The essential oil from different parts of Datura metel L. were extracted using hydrodistillation and GC–MS was used to analyse the essential oil. The main components of flowers were ketone (23.61%) and ethyl palmitate (15.84%). The main components of leaves were ketone (18.84%) and phytol (18.71%). Ketone (39.45%) and phytol (31.32%) were the major components of petioles. Palmitic acid (30.60%) and ethyl linoleate (21.56%) were the major components of seeds. The major ingredient of roots was palmitic acid (52.61%). The main ingredients of the stems were palmitic acid (38.38%) and ethyl linoleate (17.38%). All the different parts of essential oil were screened for cytotoxicity. The roots and stems showed the inhibitory effects against HepG-2 with IC50 levels of 613.88 and 341.12 mg/L. The leaves and roots showed the inhibitory effects against HeLa with IC50 levels of 267.76 and 348.35 mg/L. All the six parts have inhibitory effects against SGC-7901 cell lines.
Online Discovery and Refinement of Novel Genes Using GeneScope

We present a novel gene finding and validation tool, called GeneScope, which is capable of finding and validating genes declaratively by autonomously integrating heterogeneous online resources. GeneScope also supports user defined concepts to articulate gene structures, and refine existing concepts toward the discovery of the intended genes. The system relies upon a new string query language called StriQL and the prototype has been implemented using the LifeDB database system. We also report the discovery of two new alternative splice variants of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene and their validation using GeneScope. We demonstrate that GeneScope’s declarativity now makes it possible for users to engage in large scale and speculative gene discovery with little or no cost. The relatively effortless discovery of the hTERT genes using GeneScope affirms this claim.
Hyperbolic families and coloring graphs on surfaces

Let $G$ be a graph embedded in a fixed surface $\Sigma$ of genus $g$ and let $L=(L(v):v\in V(G))$ be a collection of lists such that either each list has size at least five, or each list has size at least four and $G$ is triangle-free, or each list has size at least three and $G$ has no cycle of length four or less. An $L$-coloring of $G$ is a mapping $\phi$ with domain $V(G)$ such that $\phi(v)\in L(v)$ for every $v\in V(G)$ and $\phi(v)\ne\phi(u)$ for every pair of adjacent vertices $u,v\in V(G)$. We prove * if every non-null-homotopic cycle in $G$ has length $\Omega(\log g)$, then $G$ has an $L$-coloring, * if $G$ does not have an $L$-coloring, but every proper subgraph does ("$L$-critical graph"), then $|V(G)|=O(g)$, * if every non-null-homotopic cycle in $G$ has length $\Omega(g)$, and a set $X\subseteq V(G)$ of vertices that are pairwise at distance $\Omega(1)$ is precolored from the corresponding lists, then the precoloring extends to an $L$-coloring of $G$, * if every non-null-homotopic cycle in $G$ has length $\Omega(g)$, and the graph $G$ is allowed to have crossings, but every two crossings are at distance $\Omega(1)$, then $G$ has an $L$-coloring, and * if $G$ has at least one $L$-coloring, then it has at least $2^{\Omega(|V(G)|)}$ distinct $L$-colorings. We show that the above assertions are consequences of certain isoperimetric inequalities satisfied by $L$-critical graphs, and we study the structure of families of embedded graphs that satisfy those inequalities. It follows that the above assertions hold for other coloring problems, as long as the corresponding critical graphs satisfy the same inequalities.
Adaptive digital back-propagation for optical communication systems

We propose an adaptive digital back-propagation method (A-DBP) to self-determine unknown fiber nonlinear coefficient gamma. Performance is experimentally verified with 10×224-Gb/s POLMUX-16QAM over 656km. Optimal DBP performance, without knowledge of gamma, is obtained by A-DBP.
Sequence of the peh gene of Erwinia carotovora: homology between Erwinia and plant enzymes

Polygalacturonase (Peh) and other pectolytic enzymes play a crucial role in the maceration of vegetables by soft rot Erwinia spp. We have sequenced the peh gene of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, and identified its product as a precursor of molecular weight 42639, and a mature protein of molecular weight 42200. A putative KdgR‐binding site was identified in the region 5’to the peh gene. The Peh protein showed significant homology with Peh from tomato. In addition, we have found homologies between pectin methylesterase and pectate lyase from Erwinia and their counterparts in tomato. These homologies are described, and their significance discussed.
Outline of a design science research process

Discussions about the body of knowledge of information systems, including the research domain, relevant perspectives and methods have been going on for a long time. Many researchers vote for a combination of research perspectives and their respective research methodologies; rigour and relevance as requirements in design science are generally accepted. What has been lacking is a formalisation of a detailed research process for design science that takes into account all requirements. We have developed such a research process, building on top of existing processes and findings from design research. The process combines qualitative and quantitative research and references well-known research methods. Publication possibilities and self-contained work packages are recommended. Case studies using the process are presented and discussed.
Cayley-Hamilton for roboticists

The Cayley-Hamilton theorem is an important theorem of linear algebra which is well known and used in system theory. Unfortunately, this powerful result is practically never used in robotics even though it is of extreme relevance. This article is a review of the use of this result for the calculation of general matrix functions which are very common in robotics. It will be shown how any analytic matrix function like exponential, logarithm and more complicated expressions in robotics, can be easily and analytically calculated in an explicit form. Examples are given for the exponential map, inverse of the exponential map, and the derivative of the exponential map. For the first two examples there exist well known expressions in the literature, but the last one is not as easy to compute without the presented methods
Foundation species loss affects vegetation structure more than ecosystem function in a northeastern USA forest

Loss of foundation tree species rapidly alters ecological processes in forested ecosystems. Tsuga canadensis, an hypothesized foundation species of eastern North American forests, is declining throughout much of its range due to infestation by the nonnative insect Adelges tsugae and by removal through pre-emptive salvage logging. In replicate 0.81-ha plots, T. canadensis was cut and removed, or killed in place by girdling to simulate adelgid damage. Control plots included undisturbed hemlock and mid-successional hardwood stands that represent expected forest composition in 50–100 years. Vegetation richness, understory vegetation cover, soil carbon flux, and nitrogen cycling were measured for two years prior to, and five years following, application of experimental treatments. Litterfall and coarse woody debris (CWD), including snags, stumps, and fallen logs and branches, have been measured since treatments were applied. Overstory basal area was reduced 60%–70% in girdled and logged plots. Mean cover and richness did not change in hardwood or hemlock control plots but increased rapidly in girdled and logged plots. Following logging, litterfall immediately decreased then slowly increased, whereas in girdled plots, there was a short pulse of hemlock litterfall as trees died. CWD volume remained relatively constant throughout but was 3–4× higher in logged plots. Logging and girdling resulted in small, short-term changes in ecosystem dynamics due to rapid regrowth of vegetation but in general, interannual variability exceeded differences among treatments. Soil carbon flux in girdled plots showed the strongest response: 35% lower than controls after three years and slowly increasing thereafter. Ammonium availability increased immediately after logging and two years after girdling, due to increased light and soil temperatures and nutrient pulses from leaf-fall and reduced uptake following tree death. The results from this study illuminate ecological processes underlying patterns observed consistently in region-wide studies of adelgid-infested hemlock stands. Mechanisms of T. canadensis loss determine rates, magnitudes, and trajectories of ecological changes in hemlock forests. Logging causes abrupt, large changes in vegetation structure whereas girdling (and by inference, A. tsugae) causes sustained, smaller changes. Ecosystem processes depend more on vegetation cover per se than on species composition. We conclude that the loss of this late-successional foundation species will have long-lasting impacts on forest structure but subtle impacts on ecosystem function.
Anycast CDNS revisited

Because it is an integral part of the Internet routing apparatus, and because it allows multiple instances of the same service to be "naturally" discovered, IP Anycast has many attractive features for any service that involve the replication of multiple instances across the Internet. While briefly considered as an enabler when content distribution networks (CDNs) first emerged, the use of IP Anycast was deemed infeasible in that environment. The main reasons for this decision were the lack of load awareness of IP Anycast and unwanted side effects of Internet routing changes on the IP Anycast mechanism. Prompted by recent developments in route control technology, as well as a better understanding of the behavior of IP Anycast in operational settings, we revisit this decision and propose a load-aware IP Anycast CDN architecture that addresses these concerns while benefiting from inherent IP Anycast features. Our architecture makes use of route control mechanisms to take server and network load into account to realize load-aware Anycast. We show that the resulting redirection requirements can be formulated as a Generalized Assignment Problem and present practical algorithms that address these requirements while at the same time limiting session disruptions that plague regular IP Anycast. We evaluate our algorithms through trace based simulation using traces obtained from an operation CDN network.
Peptide influences the folding and intracellular transport of free major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains

Class I major histocompatibility complex molecules require both beta 2- microglobulin (beta 2m) and peptide for efficient intracellular transport. With the exception of H-2Db and Ld, class I heavy chains have not been detectable at the surface of cells lacking beta 2m. We show that properly conformed class I heavy chains can be detected in a terminally glycosylated form indicative of cell surface expression in H- 2b, H-2d, and H-2s beta 2m-/- concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocytes incubated at reduced temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence of Kb molecules at the surface of beta 2m-/- cells cultured at 37 degrees C. The mode of assembly of class I molecules encompasses two major pathways: binding of peptide to preformed "empty" heterodimers, and binding of peptide to free heavy chains, followed by recruitment of beta 2m. In support of the existence of the latter pathway, we provide evidence for a role of peptide in intracellular transport of free class I heavy chains, through analysis of Con A-stimulated splenocytes from transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1)-/-, beta 2m-/-, and double-mutant TAP1/beta 2m-/- mice.