Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Starburst Models for Far-Infrared/Submillimeter/Millimeter Line Emission. I. An Expanding Supershell Surrounding a Massive Star Cluster

The effect of a newly born star cluster inside a giant molecular cloud (GMC) is to produce a hot bubble and a thin, dense shell of interstellar gas and dust swept up by the H II expansion, strong stellar winds, and repeated supernova explosions. Lying at the inner side of the shell is the photodissociation region (PDR), the origin of much of the far-infrared/submillimeter/millimeter (FIR/submm/mm) radiation from the interstellar medium (ISM). We present a model for the expanding shell at different stages of its expansion that predict mm/submm and far-IR emission line intensities from a series of key molecular and atomic constituents in the shell. The kinematic properties of the swept-up shell predicted by our model are in very good agreement with the measurements of the supershell detected in the nearby starburst galaxy M82. We compare the modeling results with the ratio-ratio plots of the FIR/submm/mm line emission in the central 1.0 kpc region to investigate the mechanism of star-forming activity in M82. Our model has yielded appropriate gas densities, temperatures, and structure scales compared to those measured in M82, and the total H2 content is compatible with the observations. This implies that the neutral ISM of the central star-forming region is a product of fragments of the evolving shells.
Winds and radiation in unison: a new semi-analytic feedback model for cloud dissolution

Star clusters interact with the interstellar medium (ISM) in various ways, most importantly in the destruction of molecular star-forming clouds, resulting in inefficient star formation on galactic scales. On cloud scales, ionizing radiation creates \hii regions, while stellar winds and supernovae drive the ISM into thin shells. These shells are accelerated by the combined effect of winds, radiation pressure and supernova explosions, and slowed down by gravity. Since radiative and mechanical feedback is highly interconnected, they must be taken into account in a self-consistent and combined manner, including the coupling of radiation and matter. We present a new semi-analytic one-dimensional feedback model for isolated massive clouds ($\geq 10^5\,M_{\odot}$) to calculate shell dynamics and shell structure simultaneously. It allows us to scan a large range of physical parameters (gas density, star formation efficiency, metallicity) and to estimate escape fractions of ionizing radiation $f_{\rm{esc,i}}$, the minimum star formation efficiency $\epsilon_{\rm{min}}$ required to drive an outflow, and recollapse time scales for clouds that are not destroyed by feedback. Our results show that there is no simple answer to the question of what dominates cloud dynamics, and that each feedback process significantly influences the efficiency of the others. We find that variations in natal cloud density can very easily explain differences between dense-bound and diffuse-open star clusters. We also predict, as a consequence of feedback, a $4-6$ Myr age difference for massive clusters with multiple generations.
Robust H/sub /spl infin// filtering design with pole constraints for discrete-time systems: an LMI approach

The problem of full order guaranteed cost H/sub /spl infin// filtering design for discrete-time systems with polytope type uncertainty is investigated. The main purpose is to obtain a stable linear filter such that the filtering error system remains quadratically stable within a prespecified H/sub /spl infin// attenuation level. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such robust filter are provided in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be efficiently solved by means of high performance convex optimization procedures with global convergence assured. Moreover, as an improvement, the filter dynamics can be constrained to some specific regions inside the unit open disk.
9C: a survey of radio sources at 15 GHz with the Ryle Telescope

The fields chosen for the first observations of the cosmic microwave background with the Very Small Array have been surveyed with the Ryle Telescope at 15 GHz. We have covered three regions around RA 00 h 20 m Dec. +30°, RA 09 h 40 m Dec. +32° and RA 15 h 40 m Dec. +43° (J2000.0), an area of 520 deg 2 . There are 465 sources above the current completeness limit of 25 mJy, although a total of 760 sources have been detected, some as faint as 10 mJy. This paper describes our techniques for observation and data analysis; it also includes source counts and some discussion of spectra and variability. Preliminary source lists are presented.
Making a geometrically asymmetric capacitive rf discharge electrically symmetric

The electrical asymmetry effect in a spherical, geometrically asymmetric capacitive argon discharge driven by two consecutive harmonics is investigated using particle in cell simulations and analytical modeling. We find that the discharge asymmetry can be reduced electrically by tuning the phase shift between the driving frequencies, i.e., the absolute value of the dc self-bias voltage can be completely reduced and the mean ion energies at both electrodes can be adapted.
Refined vorticity statistics of decaying rotating three-dimensional turbulence

The influence of background rotation on all nontrivial third-order vorticity correlations is studied for an unbounded incompressible homogeneous turbulent flow, using pseudo-spectral direct numerical simulation. The behaviour of third-order vorticity correlations is found to be consistent with exact theoretical predictions presented herein for axisymmetric turbulence without mirror symmetry. Particular attention is given to the vertical vorticity skewness S ω3. Its dependence on the viscosity, the initial value of the velocity gradient skewness, and the background rotation rate has been thoroughly investigated. The initial growth rate of S ω3 provides evidence for a power-law behaviour proportional to t 0.75 ± 0.1 for all considered cases, in agreement with recent experimental results by Morize et al. [Phys. Fluids 17 (2005) 095105]. It is also found that higher background rotation rates – implying more linearity – result in lower final values of while lower viscosities and lower initial (absolute) values of the velocity derivative skewness both yield higher final values of S ω3.
ACE-2 Expression and Methylation Pattern in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Bloods of Iranian ARDS Covid-19 Patients

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and methylation pattern of the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) covid-9 patients. A total of 25 patients with covid-19 ARDS and 20 controls were recruited. Expression of the ACE-2 gene was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR, and methylation of CpG dinucleotides, in the ACE-2 promoter, was quantified using bisulfite pyro-sequencing. Our results showed high expression of the ACE-2 gene in the blood samples of ADRS patients (1.93± 0.67) in comparison to controls (0.62±0.35) (P = 0.03). Correspondingly, in ARDS bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, there was a high expression of this gene (1.8±0.78) in comparison to controls (0.58±0.2) (p <0.05). Moreover, the methylation rate of the ACE-2 gene in blood samples of ARDS patients was 64.07 ±6.1 in comparison to controls (80.3 ±7.3) (p<0.0001). In BALF samples, there was this pattern too (55.07 ±3.1 vs. 72.35±5.1) (p<0.0001). Finally, a significant correlation was found between expression and methylation in BALF (R= -0.54, P= 0.002) and blood (R= -0.321, P= 0.013) samples. These results indicated that aberrant methylation of the ACE-2 promoter might be associated with high expression of this gene and the occurrence of ARDS in covid-19 patients.
Stochastic stability versus localization in one-dimensional chaotic dynamical systems

We prove stochastic stability of chaotic maps for a general class of Markov random perturbations (including singular ones) satisfying some kind of mixing conditions. One of the consequences of this statement is the proof of Ulam's conjecture about the approximation of the dynamics of a chaotic system by a finite state Markov chain. Conditions under which the localization phenomenon (i.e. stabilization of singular invariant measures) takes place are also considered. Our main tools are the so-called bounded variation approach combined with the ergodic theorem of Ionescu - Tulcea and Marinescu, and a random walk argument that we apply to prove the absence of `traps' under the action of random perturbations.
Internet gaming disorder and its correlates among university students, Saudi Arabia

Abstract BACKGROUND: Over-indulgence in online/offline video games could result in the development of internet gaming disorder (IGD). Knowledge of the prevalence and correlates of IGD may help to understand its etiology. The aim of the present study was to estimate IGD and its psychological/game-related correlates in Saudi university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, 843 students registered in a university in Saudi Arabia filled an online survey comprising diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), hospital anxiety and depression scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, social phobia inventory scale, satisfaction with life scale, and subjective happiness (SH) scale. For data analysis, an independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient/Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression followed by hierarchical regressions were used. RESULTS: The frequency of IGD was 21.5%. Total game time/day, years of playing games, and social phobia were significantly higher in subjects with IGD (P = 0.001, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively), whereas SH was significantly lower (P < 0.001). Tendency to IGD had a significant positive correlation with social phobia, total game time/day, and years of playing games and a negative correlation with SH. Total game time/day, years of playing games, and social phobia were significant positive predictors of tendency to IGD, whereas SH was a negative predictor. The rest of all variables were insignificant predictors. CONCLUSION: The frequency of IGD in Saudi university students identified by DSM-5 criteria was relatively high (21.5%). The prediction of the severity of IGD could be based on social phobia, total game time/day, number of years of playing games, and SH.
HATS-70b: A 13 MJ Brown Dwarf Transiting an A Star

We report the discovery of HATS-70b, a transiting brown dwarf at the deuterium burning limit. HATS-70b has a mass of and a radius of , residing in a close-in orbit with a period of days. The host star is a A star rotating at , enabling us to characterize the spectroscopic transit of the brown dwarf via Doppler tomography. We find that HATS-70b, like other massive planets and brown dwarfs previously sampled, orbits in a low projected-obliquity orbit with . The low obliquities of these systems is surprising given all brown dwarf and massive planets with obliquities measured orbit stars hotter than the Kraft break. This trend is tentatively inconsistent with dynamically chaotic migration for systems with massive companions, though the stronger tidal influence of these companions makes it difficult to draw conclusions on the primordial obliquity distribution of this population. We also introduce a modeling scheme for planets around rapidly rotating stars, accounting for the influence of gravity darkening on the derived stellar and planetary parameters.
Worldline instantons and pair production in inhomogenous fields

We show how to do semiclassical nonperturbative computations within the worldline approach to quantum field theory using ``worldline instantons. '' These worldline instantons are classical solutions to the Euclidean worldline loop equations of motion, and are closed spacetime loops parametrized by the proper time. Specifically, we compute the imaginary part of the one-loop effective action in scalar QED using ``worldline instantons'' for a wide class of inhomogeneous electric field backgrounds. We treat both time-dependent and space-dependent electric fields and note that temporal inhomogeneities tend to shrink the instanton loops, while spatial inhomogeneities tend to expand them. This corresponds to temporal inhomogeneities tending to enhance local pair production, with spatial inhomogeneities tending to suppress local pair production. We also show how the worldline instanton technique extends to spinor QED.
Applicability of the Mexican ovitrap system for Aedes vector surveillance in Colombia

ABSTRACT Ovitraps can detect Aedes vectors at an early stage and can serve as an alarm indicator for outbreak prediction. This study aimed to summarize the available literature about the ovitrap system and to determine its feasibility, required resources and costs when installing and maintaining this vector surveillance system in the municipality of Los Patios, Colombia. A scoping review to assess the role of ovitraps as a tool for Aedes vector surveillance was conducted. The subsequent fieldwork consisted of mapping the municipality, manufacturing, and installing 40 ovitraps in 10 blocks, revising them weekly for 4 weeks by two half-time employed vector control technicians, and carrying out a cost analysis. A total of 38 studies were included in this review showing that ovitraps had a better performance than other entomological surveillance methods and a positive correlation with other entomological and disease variables. From the field results over 4 weeks, a high proportion of positive ovitraps (80%, 90%, 75%, 97.5%) and positive blocks (100%) as well as a good acceptance by house owners (76.9%), were identified. Operational indicators such as average installation time of the ovitraps (10h15 m), weekly reading and reinstallation (on average 7h27 m) and the cost of the intervention (COL$1,142,304.47/US$297) were calculated. Literature shows that ovitraps are sensitive to detect the presence of Aedes mosquitoes, providing data efficiently and timely for outbreak prediction. The field testing showed it is an affordable and feasible method in the context of a Colombian municipality and similar endemic areas.
Groups with graphical C(6) and C(7) small cancellation presentations

We extend fundamental results of small cancellation theory to groups whose presentations satisfy the generalizations of the classical C(6) and C(7) conditions in graphical small cancellation theory. Using these graphical small cancellation conditions, we construct lacunary hyperbolic groups and groups that coarsely contain prescribed infinite sequences of finite graphs. We prove that groups given by (possibly infinite) graphical C(7) presentations contain non-abelian free subgroups.
Is the San Andreas Fracture a bayonet-shaped fracture as inferred from the acoustic body waves in the SAFOD Pilot hole ?

The method using the propagation of acoustic body waves within the stress modified areas around a vertical borehole has been applied to the granitic formation penetrated by the SAFOD Pilot hole near the San Andreas Fault trace. This method allows us investigating the horizontal in situ stresses. Only P waves supplied useful and surprising information. A depth of 1270 m separates an upper region of uniform thickness of stress modified areas, possibly corresponding to a shear domain, and a lower region where there are simultaneously two values of the thicknesses of the stress modified areas (particularly between 1500 and 1600 m of depth) possibly corresponding to a compressive and a shear domain. In order to integrate the contradictory effects of the simultaneity of shear and compressive domains at some depths, as well as the presence of three shear zones at particular depths, we propose that the San Andreas Fault could be bayonet-shaped instead of planar. Other recent available information in the literature about this fault, such as the presence of a fault zone of low shear wave velocity, stress rotation measured with depth, and the large angles of the frictional coefficients, can be logically explained by this kind of fault geometry.
Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey. XVI. The Luminosity Function for Galaxies in the Region of the Hubble Deep Field-North to z = 1.5

We have carried out a study of the luminosity function (LF) of galaxies in the region of the Hubble Deep Field-North using our very complete redshift catalog. We divide the sample into five redshift bins covering the range 0.01 < z < 1.5 and consider three primary galaxy spectral classes. We solve for the LF at four rest-frame wavelengths from 0.24 to 2.2 μm. We find that the LFs for quiescent galaxies have shallow faint-end slopes while those of galaxies with detectable emission lines have steeper faint-end slopes. Furthermore, these slopes appear to be independent of redshift out to z = 1.05 for each galaxy spectral grouping and agree well with comparable local determinations. We then fix α to obtain values of L* for each galaxy spectral grouping as a function of redshift. We find that galaxies with strong absorption lines become brighter with z with Q ~ 0.6 at all rest-frame bands studied here, where Q = Δ log /Δz, while galaxies with detectable emission lines (i.e., star-forming galaxies) show a smaller change in L* with redshift at all bands, Q ~ 0.3, with Q becoming significantly larger at rest-frame 2400 Å. Passive evolution models of galaxies are in reasonable agreement with these results for absorption-line-dominated galaxies, while plausible star formation histories can reproduce the behavior of the emission-line galaxies. We find a constant comoving number density and stellar mass in galaxies out to z ~ 1.05. By stretching all the correction factors applied to the galaxy counts in the highest redshift bin to their maximum possible values, we can just barely achieve this between z = 1.05 and 1.3. The major epoch(s) of star formation and of galaxy formation must have occurred even earlier. The UV luminosity density, an indicator of the star formation rate, has increased by a factor of ~4 over the period z = 0-1.
Cosmological parameters from combining the Lyman-α forest with CMB, galaxy clustering and SN constraints

We combine the Ly-α forest power spectrum (LYA) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and high resolution spectra with cosmic microwave background (CMB) including three-year WMAP, and supernovae (SN) and galaxy clustering constraints to derive new constraints on cosmological parameters. The existing LYA power spectrum analysis is supplemented by constraints on the mean flux decrement derived using a principle component analysis for quasar continua, which improves the LYA constraints on the linear power. We find some tension between the WMAP3 and LYA power spectrum amplitudes, at the ∼2σ level, which is partially alleviated by the inclusion of other observations: we find σ8 = 0.85 ± 0.02 compared to σ8 = 0.80 ± 0.03 without LYA. For the slope, we find ns = 0.965 ± 0.012. We find no evidence for the running of the spectral index in the combined analysis, dn/dlnk = −(1.5 ± 1.2) × 10−2, in agreement with inflation. The limits on the sum of neutrino masses are significantly improved: at 95% (<0.32 eV at 99.9%). This result, when combined with atmospheric and solar neutrino mixing constraints, requires that the neutrino masses cannot be degenerate, m3/m1>1.3 (95% c.l.). Assuming a thermalized fourth neutrino, we find ms<0.26 eV at 95% c.l. and such a neutrino cannot be an explanation for the LSND results. In the limits of massless neutrinos, we obtain the effective number of neutrinos Nνeff = 5.3−0.6+0.4−1.7+2.1−2.5+3.8 and Nνeff = 3.04 is allowed only at 2.4 sigma. The constraint on the dark energy equation of state is w = −1.04 ± 0.06. The constraint on curvature is Ωk = −0.003 ± 0.006. Cosmic strings limits are Gμ<2.3 × 10−7 at 95% c.l. and correlated isocurvature models are also tightly constrained.
An Unusual “Mini-BAL” Quasar at z = 4.59

The z = 4.591 quasar PC 1415+3408 exhibits very strong associated metal-line absorption from the N V λλ1238, 1242, Si IV λλ1393, 1402, and C IV λλ1548, 1550 doublets spanning the velocity interval-1700 km s-1 ≤ v ≤ 0 km s-1. Also present are detached absorption troughs in N V and C IV spanning -5000 km s-1 ≤ v ≤ -3000 km s-1; this is characteristic of broad absorption line (BAL) quasars, but the small overall velocity spread suggests that PC 1415+3408 be classified as a "mini-BAL" quasar. The N V doublet is consistent with black saturation over the velocity interval -1200 to -500 km s-1; black N V absorption is extraordinary in all classes of quasars at all redshifts. Over this velocity interval, the C IV doublet is severely blended but also consistent with black saturation. The material over this range of velocity appears to fully occult the continuum source, the broad emission line region, and any material that could give rise to scattered light. In view of a unified scenario for BAL and mini-BAL absorption, these facts imply that the quasar is being viewed along a preferred direction. On the other hand, the black mini-BALs in PC 1415+3408 could be explained if the BAL flow has an unusual geometry compared with the population of BAL quasars and/or the spatial extent of a scattering region is small at the lower velocities (-1700 km s-1 ≤ v ≤ 0 km s-1).
Continuously Tunable Acoustic Metasurface for Transmitted Wavefront Modulation

Previously reported acoustic metasurfaces that consist of fixed channels, are untunable to meet the broadband requirement and alterable functionalities. To overcome this limitation, we propose screw-and-nut mechanism of tunability and design a type of continuously tunable acoustic metasurface with unit components of helical cylinders which are screwed into a plate. The spiral channel length can be tuned continuously by the screwed depth; and then a metasurface with continuously tunable acoustic phase at independent pixels is attained. Different distributions of the unit components can shape an arbitrary metasurface profile. We also developed an approximate equivalent medium model to predict the tunability of the unit component. As an example, we present the design details of a circular tunable metasurface for three-dimensional acoustic focusing of different airborne sound sources in a wide frequency region. A sample of the metasurface is manufactured by poly lactic acid (PLA) plastic with the helical cylinders being 3D-printed. Experiments of sound focusing are performed. It is shown that the results of the equivalent medium model, the finite element simulation and the experiments are in a good agreement.
A Simple Method for Inverse Kinematic Analysis of the General 6R Serial Robot

Because the solution to inverse kinematics problem of the general 5R serial robot is unique and its assembly condition has been derived, a simple effective method for inverse kinematics problem of general 6R serial robot or forward kinematics problem of general 7R single-loop mechanism is presented based on one-dimension searching algorithm. The new method has the following features: (1) Using one-dimension searching algorithm, all the real inverse kinematic solutions are obtained and it has higher computing efficiency; (2) Compared with algebraic method, it has evidently reduced the difficulty of deducing formulas. The principle of the new method can be generalized to kinematic analysis of parallel mechanisms.Copyright © 2006 by ASME