Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Closed-Form Full-State Feedback Controller for Stabilization of 3D Magnetohydrodynamic Channel Flow

We present a boundary feedback law that stabilizes the velocity, pressure, and electromagnetic fields in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel flow. The MHD channel flow, also known as Hartmann flow, is a benchmark for applications such as cooling, hypersonic flight, and propulsion. It involves an electrically conducting fluid moving between parallel plates in the presence of an externally imposed transverse magnetic field. The system is described by the inductionless MHD equations, a combination of the Navier-Stokes equations and a Poisson equation for the electric potential under the MHD approximation in a low magnetic Reynolds number regime. This model is unstable for large Reynolds numbers and is stabilized by actuation of velocity and the electric potential at only one of the walls. The backstepping method for stabilization of parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) is applied to the velocity field system written in appropriate coordinates. Control gains are computed by solving a set of linear hyperbolic PDEs. Stabilization of nondiscretized 3D MHD channel flow has so far been an open problem.
Abundant PD-L1 expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-infected gastric cancers

Gastric cancer (GC) is a deadly disease with limited treatment options. Recent studies with PD-1 inhibition have shown promising results in GC, but key questions remain regarding which GC subclass may respond best. In other cancers, expression of the PD-1 ligand PD-L1 has been shown to identify cancers with greater likelihood of response to PD-1 blockade. We here show with immunohistochemistry that Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)+ GCs (n = 32) have robust PD-L1 expression not seen in other GCs. In EBV+ GC, we observed PD-L1 staining in tumor cells in 50% (16/32) and immune cells in 94% (30/32) of cases. Among EBV-negative GCs, PD-L1 expression within tumors cells was observed only in cases with microsatellite instability (MSI), although 35% of EBV-/MSS GCs possessed PD-L1 expression of inflammatory cells. Moreover, distinct classes of GC showed different patterns of PD-L1+ immune cell infiltrations. In both EBV+ and MSI tumors, PD-L1+ inflammatory cells were observed to infiltrate the tumor. By contrast, such cells remained at the tumor border of EBV-/MSS GCs. Consistent with these findings, we utilized gene expression profiling of GCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas study to demonstrate that an interferon-γ driven gene signature, an additional proposed marker of sensitivity to PD-1 therapy, were enriched in EBV+ and MSI GC. These data suggest that patients with EBV+ and MSI GC may have greater likelihood of response to PD-1 blockade and that EBV and MSI status should be evaluated as variables in clinical trials of these emerging inhibitors.
A monolithic SiGe HBT low noise amplifier using a novel resistive feedback configuration

A novel SiGe HBT low noise amplifier (LNA) was designed by adopting the feedback resistors, which are low cost and implemented easily in VLSI technology. Due to the absence of on-chip spiral inductor, the die area of this novel LNA decreases noticeably. The novel resistive feedback structure of the LNA comprising a shunt feedback loop and a series feedback loop, wherein the shunt feedback loop is used for the adjusting the noise performance, while the series feedback loop is used for adjusting the gain performance. Hence, by using the novel feedback technique, the traditional conflict between the gain and the noise performance could be resolved successfully for the amplifier. Finally, this monolithic SiGe HBT LNA with the novel feedback configuration was fabricated in 0.35-µm Si BiCMOS technique, and the die area of the LNA is only 0.282mm2. The measurement results show that in the band from 0.2 to1.2GHz, the minimum noise figure(NF) is 2.5dB, the maximum gain is as high as 27dB, and both the input and output reflections(S11, S22) are less than −9dB. These results provide a significant guide for the design and development of integrated circuit based on Si technology.
An Ethological Perspective on Common Cross-Language Utilization of F₀ of Voice

Abstract The author suggests that the following seemingly disparate phenomena have an underlying relationship: (a) cross-language similarities in the intonation contours for statements versus questions, (b) cross-cultural similarities in the vocal expression via intonation of attitude and affect, (c) cross-language patterns in the use of tone, vowels, and consonants in ‘sound symbolic’ vocabulary, (d) cross-species use of F₀ in threatening or non threatening vocalizations, (e) cross-cultural and cross-species use of certain facial expressions (involving distinct mouth shape), and (f) the existence of sexual dimorphism in the vocal anatomy of humans (and certain non humans). He argues that all arise due to an innately specified ‘frequency code’, which associates high acoustic frequency with the primary meaning of ‘small vocalizer’ and thus such secondary meanings as ‘subordinate, submissive, non threatening, desirous of the receiver’s goodwill, etc’ and associates with low acoustic frequency the primary meaning of ‘large vocalizer’ and such secondary meanings as ‘dominant, aggressive, threatening, etc’
Spatial Localization and Binding of the Probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis to the Rat Intestinal Mucosa: Influence of Chronic Stress

The present study aimed at detecting the exogenously applied probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis in rats, after exposure to IBS-like chronic stress, based on 4-day Water Avoidance Stress (WAS). The presence of L. farciminis in both ileal and colonic mucosal tissues was demonstrated by FISH and qPCR, with ileum as the preferential niche, as for the SFB population. A different spatial distribution of the probiotic was observed: in the ileum, bacteria were organized in micro-colonies more or less close to the epithelium whereas, in the colon, they were mainly visualized far away from the epithelium. When rats were submitted to WAS, the L. farciminis population substantially decreased in both intestinal regions, due to a stress-induced increase in colonic motility and defecation, rather than a modification of bacterial binding to the intestinal mucin Muc2.
Validation of GPON Networks Using a Fault-Injection Based Approach

This paper presents a software validation approach for a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) system. We applied a fault injection technique to GPON software, more specifically to both the Optical Line Termination (OLT) software and the communication protocol (OMCI). Two campaigns were performed: The first consists of automated fault injection validation based on state machine model. The second uses fault injection at the communication protocol level. More specifically, it inserts incorrect protocol data unit (PDU) fields to transmitted messages. This latter campaign integrates the CoFI methodology that is guided by standards focused on test cases execution and protocol implementation. Those standards provide rules for the correct operation of the system and are used to plan the test cases. The results emphasize the relevance of the approach: 1) The effectiveness of the tests applied is evident when compared with a one year and half campaign previously used; 2) The test cases using the proposed approach reveal significant number of failures in a short period of time, and 3) Despite of the long term testing using traditional methods, high criticality faults were only disclosed by applying the proposed approach.
An Autonomous Sensor System Architecture for Active Flow and Noise Control Feedback

†Multi-channel sensor fusion represents a powerful technique to simply and efficiently extract information from complex phenomena. While the technique has traditionally been used for military target tracking and situational awareness, a study has been successfully completed that demonstrates that sensor fusion can be applied equally well to aerodynamic applications. A prototype autonomous hardware processor was successfully designed and used to detect in real-time the two-dimensional flow reattachment location generated by a simple separated-flow wind tunnel model. The success of this demonstration illustrates the feasibility of using autonomous sensor processing architectures to enhance flow control feedback signal generation.
Letter to the Editor Re: Ogawa, Y. Cancers 2016, 8, 28

We read with interest the recently published paper by Dr. Ogawa "Paradigm Shift in Radiation Biology/Radiation Oncology-Exploitation of the H2O2 Effect" for Radiotherapy Using Low-LET (Linear Energy Transfer) Radiation such as X-rays and High-Energy Electrons". [. ].
Tradeoff between Storage and Transport in Merchant Energy Trading on a Network

The operations of merchant energy trading in wholesale markets across different locations and current and future dates can be represented as a network where storage and transport trades compete for the capacity of storage and transport assets. We study the tradeoff between storage and transport trading for a network with a single storage asset and multiple transport assets, a realistic situation that we model as a Markov decision problem (MDP). Due to the intractability of computing an optimal policy of this MDP, we leverage our structural analysis of this model to modify a least squares Monte Carlo method to obtain a heuristic policy, also computing both lower and upper bounds on the market value of an optimal policy. On a realistic natural gas application, we document a substantial tradeoff between storage and transport trading. This tradeoff is difficult to manage, as sequential storage and transport trading is considerably suboptimal, especially when prioritizing transport over storage. In contrast, our joint policy is near optimal. A practicebased method based on sequentially reoptimizing a deterministic model is also near optimal, but, even after simplification, is computationally more intensive than our approach. Moreover, we highlight the operational differences between managing storage jointly with transport assets versus as a single asset. Beyond natural gas, our research has relevance for managing the merchant trading operations of other energy sources, natural resources, and other storable commodities.
Cognitive Skills, Schooling Attainment, and Schooling Resources: What Drives Economic Growth?

This paper presents evidence that students´ test scores at ages 9 to 15 are not a good proxy for a nation´s stock of human capital. Across countries test scores rise with increases in human capital up to $40,000/adult (2000$), but then decline as human capital increases up to $125,000/adult. Schooling attainment is a better proxy for the human capital stock than test scores, but it is not very useful for statistical analysis because it is not a precise measure. The nation´s stock of human capital, calculated from cumulative investment in schooling, is the schooling measure most correlated with national income.
Convergence in the boundary layer for nonhomogeneous linear singularly perturbed systems

Convergence of the solutions of nonhomogeneous linear singularly perturbed systems to that of the corresponding reduced singular system on the half-line [0, ∞) is considered. To include the situation on a neighborhood of initial instant, a boundary layer, a distributional approach to convergence is adopted. An explicit analytical expression for the limit as a distribution is proved.
Wireless Sensor Network Safety Study

Few security mechanisms in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been implemented, and even fewer have been applied in real deployments. The limited resources of each sensor node makes security in WSNs hard, as the tradeoff between security and practicality must be carefully considered. These complex systems include in their design different types of information and communication technology systems, such as wireless (mesh) sensor networks, to carry out control processes in real time. This fact has meant that several communication standards, such as Zig bee PRO, Wireless HART, and ISA100.11a, have been specified to ensure coexistence, reliability, and security in their communications. This work evaluates the impact of a security conditions and robustness criteria of routing protocols for WSN. Some of ITS features are not found in existing WSN simulation systems. It will provide the opportunity for implement and evaluate the routing algorithms and the designed to be that secure but for which there are in the experimental studies on the robustness and real impact of designed security mechanisms.
Policy Paradigms, Transnationalism, and Domestic Politics

Chapter 1: Introduction Grace Skogstad (University of Toronto) and Vivien Schmidt (Boston University) Chapter 2: Ideas and Discourse in Transformational Political Economic Change in Europe Vivien Schmidt (Boston University) Chapter 3: Transnational Policy Paradigm Change and Conflict in the Harmonization of Vehicle Safety and Accounting Standards Tony Porter (McMaster University) Chapter 4: Constructing a Transnational Paradigm in the European Union: The Case of the GMO Risk Regulation Paradigm Grace Skogstad (University of Toronto) Chapter 5: Normative Contexts, Domestic Institutions and the Transformation of Immigration Policy Paradigms in Canada and the United States Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos (University of Toronto) Chapter 6: Canadian Refugee Policy and the Role of International Bureaucratic Networks in Domestic Paradigm Change J.A. Sandy Irvine (Wilfrid Laurier University) Chapter 7: Same-sex Unions Legislation and Policy Paradigms: Something Borrowed, Yet Something New Kelly Kollman (University of Glasgow) Chapter 8: Institutional "Stickiness" and Ideational Resistance to Paradigm Change: Canada and Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) Policy Linda A. White (University of Toronto) Chapter 9: Conclusion Grace Skogstad (University of Toronto)
Fusion of Multi-Atlas Segmentations with Spatial Distribution Modeling

In recent years, multi-atlas fusion methods have gained significant attention in medical image segmentation. In this paper, we propose a general Markov Random Field (MRF) based framework that can perform edge-preserving smoothing of the labels at the time of fusing the labels itself. More specifically, we formulate the label fusion problem with MRF-based neighborhood priors, as an energy minimization problem containing a unary data term and a pairwise smoothness term. We present how the existing fusion methods like majority voting, global weighted voting and local weighted voting methods can be reframed to profit from the proposed framework, for generating more accurate segmentations as well as more contiguous segmentations by getting rid of holes and islands. The proposed framework is evaluated for segmenting lymph nodes in 3D head and neck CT images. A comparison of various fusion algorithms is also presented.
Micro and nano thermal flow characteristics of a flat plate heat pipe heat spreader

The present study investigates the characteristics and heat transfer performance of a flat heat pipe (FHP) heat spreader with various wick structures. A flat heat pipe heat spreader exemplifies successful heat transfer applications for highly efficient devices in space, energy technology, electronics cooling etc. The present experimental and simulation results reveal the heat transfer characteristics of a flat heat pipe with various parameters in the range of 5~20W. In the experimental study, eight different wick structures were evaluated in order to find the optimum wick, and various working fluids such as water, acetone, ethanol, and TiO2-nanofluids were used since the main driving force comes from the capillary force generated in the wick. The 0.1%-TiO2 nanofluidic flat heat pipe system exhibited the best heat spreading performance. In the present study, a simulation based on the thermal resistance network with special modified spreading resistance was conducted. The simulation results show a reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
The UT Austin Villa 2006 RoboCup Four-Legged Team

The UT Austin Villa Four-Legged Team for RoboCup 2006 was a fourth-time entry in the ongoing series of RoboCup legged league competitions. The team development began in mid-January of 2003 without any prior familiarity with the Aibos. After entering a fairly non-competitive team in RoboCup 2003, the team made several important advances. By the July 2004 competition that took place in Lisbon, Portugal, it was one of the top few teams. After those first two years of intense development, the team’s third and fourth years were devoted more to spin-off research than to development related to the competition. Building off of the team’s previous three technical reports [14, 15, 16], this report details the changes made to the team between RoboCup 2005 and RoboCup 2006 in Bremen. Taken together, this and the previous technical reports provide the history and details of the UT Austin Villa RoboCup Four-Legged team and the associated research in our lab.
Models and Methods in Delay Discounting

Delay discounting (DD) is a term typically used to describe the devaluation of rewards over time, and much research across a wide variety of domains has illustrated that people in general prefer a smaller reward delivered soon as opposed to a larger reward delivered at a later stage. Despite numerous attempts, a single unified model of DD that accounts for the varied pattern of results typically observed has been elusive. One of the difficulties in deriving a unified model is the presence of many framing and context effects, situations in which changing, apparently irrelevant, aspects of the choice scenarios lead to different selections. Additionally, different paradigms of DD research use quite different methodology, which poses challenges for a unified model. This chapter describes some of the difficulties in creating a single DD model and suggests some experiments that would help integrate different paradigms to create a clearer picture of DD.
Genetic polymorphisms in the human selenoprotein P gene determine the response of selenoprotein markers to selenium supplementation in a gender‐specific manner (the SELGEN study)

Selenium (Se), a micronutrient essential for human health, is incorporated into at least 25 selenoproteins including selenoprotein P (SePP)′ which transports Se within the body. This research identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SePP gene, one in the coding region (position 24731, causing an Ala to Thr change) and one in the 3′untranslated region (position 25191). Their frequency was similar in Caucasian, Chinese, and South Asian populations. Prospectively geno‐typed volunteers were supplemented for 6 wk with 100 μg sodium selenite/day. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma Se and selenoprotein biomark‐ers at baseline, after supplementation, and during a washout period. Plasma Se, SePP, and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) levels increased with supplementation. Baseline plasma Se content depended on both SePP genotypes and body mass index. Pre‐supplementation SePP concentration was associated with gender and genotype at SNP 24731 and post‐supplementation concentration with SNP 25191. Both SNPs and gender were associated with differences in GPx3 activity, plasma, and erythrocyte thioredoxin reductase 1 concentrations and lymphocyte glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4 activities and concentrations. In conclusion, the data reveal two common functional SNPs within the human SePP gene that may predict behavior of biomarkers of Se status and response to supplementation and thus susceptibility to disease. —Méplan, C. , Crosley, L. K. , Nicol, F. , Beckett, G. J., Howie, A. F. , Hill, K. E. , Horgan, G. , Mathers, J. C. , Arthur, J. R. , Hesketh, J. E. Genetic polymorphisms in the human selenoprotein P gene determine the response of selenoprotein markers to selenium supplementation in a gender‐specific manner (the SELGEN study) FASEB J. 21, 3063–3074 (2007)
Family and Enterprise

A review of the different approaches that have been utilised to examine the link between family and enterprise is provided in this chapter. Definitional issues are addressed, as are rationalist and ‘systems’ ways of evaluating the relationship between family and enterprise. Criticism is made of the effects of rationalist thinking on studies of family businesses which has tended to create duality and polarity in our understanding of the family-enterprise relationship. A developmental and integrated view of family and enterprise is argued to be more useful for understanding the specific transactions linking the institutions of ‘economy’ and ‘family’. A range of approaches and theories that are being used to examine the integration of family and enterprise/business activities are outlined. The chapter concludes with a discussion of interpretive inquiry and its potential benefits or uses in explaining how family and enterprise issues ‘come together’ in small business creation and development.
Omics databases in plant science: key to systems biology

Recently, high-throughput technologies for comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have been developed. Large-scale 'omics data' obtained from such experimental methods have rapidly accumulated and been stored into web databases. In addition, the number of web databases for molecular biology has rapidly increased, since most new projects construct and maintain new web databases for their own large-scale omics data. This wealth of comprehensive online resources and web databases allow us to extract essential new biological information beyond a dataset obtained from an individual study. For effective and efficient handling of such large sets of data, various kinds of bioinformatics tools are being developed. Here, we review the current state of web databases and bioinformatics tools for plant biosciences and systems biology.
Joint optimization of VQ codebooks and QAM signal constellations for AWGN channels

A joint design scheme has been proposed to optimize the source encoder and the modulation signal constellation based on the minimization of the end-to-end distortion including both the quantization error and channel distortion. The proposed scheme first optimizes the vector quantization (VQ) codebook for a fixed modulation signal set, and then the modulation signals for the fixed VQ codebook. These two steps are iteratively repeated until they reach a local optimum solution. It has been shown that the performance of the proposed system can be enhanced by employing a new efficient mapping scheme between codevectors and modulation signals. Simulation results show that a jointly optimized system based on the proposed algorithms outperforms the conventional system based on a conventional quadrature amplitude modulation signal set and the VQ codebook designed for a noiseless channel.
Dynamic search range control algorithm for inter-frame coding in scalable video coding

Scalable video coding (SVC) is the ongoing standard as an extension of H.264/AVC to provide stable multimedia services to various service environments and end systems. An exhaustive block motion estimation has been used to determine the best coding mode for each block type in this standard. This achieves a high coding efficiency; however it causes very high computational complexity in the encoding system. To reduce this complexity, we propose a novel algorithm for inter-frame coding based on a dynamic search range control (DSRC) mechanism to provide coarse grain signal-to-noise ratio (CGS) and spatial scalability. An efficient learning method is applied to control the search ranges of the motion estimation process according to block modes from the base layer where the full search is used. We use an adaptive learning scheme based on the steepest decent adjustment with mode information from the base layer. This scheme is also extended to the training search range in the base layer. We verify that the overall encoding time can be reduced approximately 84% based on a comparative analysis of experimental results using JSVM 9.12 reference software