Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Educating Moral Sensibilities in Urban Schools

Nowadays, schools face the challenge of creating pedagogical environments that are sensitive to numerous individual backgrounds in order to support students’ social and academic success. Urban schools are communities with rich possibilities to learn how to think, feel and act morally. In this task, principals, teachers, parents and students of the schools each have their own voice. All these voices have to be heard in order to build communities with moral sensibilities. This book brings together recent work by international researchers from nine countries in the fi elds of moral development and citizenship education. The book consists of twelve chapters and it is divided into three parts. While the fi rst part deals with the voices of urban school educators, the second part contains chapters with the focus on students. The third part is about curriculum, programs and practices in schools that contribute to the education of moral sensibilities in the school communities. This book can be used as a textbook in moral and citizenship education or as an updated research report on international research on moral sensibilities. M O R A L D E V E L O P M E N T A N D C I T I Z E N S H I P E D U C A T I O N Edcating M oral Senbilities in U ran Scools
True and fair view: a UK auditor's perspective

The article reviews discussions which took place among audit regulators in the UK concerning the true and fair view in the context of an unpublished draft definition. It suggests that the term can be understood in relation to user needs for information and as such could apply to any accounting information of any kind. It notes that in practice the term has, over time, become associated exclusively with accounts prepared in compliance with financial reporting rules currently in force
Study of the volatile compounds and odor-active compounds of dry-cured Iberian ham extracted by SPME

The volatile compounds and the most odor-active compounds of dry-cured Iberian ham were investigated by extracting them using a solid phase microextraction technique with a 2 cm Carboxen/PDMS/DVB fiber. The detection frequency method was applied to estimate the potential contribution of each compound to the odor of hams. Twenty-one volatile compounds were tentatively identified for the first time in dry-cured ham by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and eight in dry-cured Iberian ham. Gas chromatography-olfactometry allowed the identification for the first time of six compounds not previously reported as odorants of Iberian ham, and also two odorants were newly identified in dry-cured ham. According to the detection frequency method, the most odor active compounds found were 3-methylbutanoic acid (dirty sock-like smelling), hexanal (cut grass-like odor), 3-methylbutanal (sweaty and bitter almond-like odor), 2-methyl-3-furanthiol (toasted nuts-like odor) and 1-octen-3-one (mushroom-like odor).
‘Too Scared to Go Sick': Reformulating the Research Agenda on Sickness Absence

This article argues that our understanding of absence and absenteeism, deriving from seminal studies in the sociology of work and employment, has been overtaken by hugely significant developments in political economy, regulation and employment relations. A new research agenda that addresses the changed organisational politics of absence management and the consequences for employees is urgently required.
Title of Document: WHAT SECONDARY SCIENCE TEACHERS PAY ATTENTION TO IN THE CLASSROOM: SITUATING TEACHING IN INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS.

Title of Document: WHAT SECONDARY SCIENCE TEACHERS PAY ATTENTION TO IN THE CLASSROOM: SITUATING TEACHING IN INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS. Daniel Matthew Levin, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Directed By: Dr. Janet E. Coffey, Assistant Professor, College of Education, Department of Curriculum and Instruction This study concerns the issue of secondary science teachers’ attention. In particular, I consider if, how, and when science teachers attend to the substance of student thinking, which is called for by science education reform (NRC, 2007). Using a case study approach, and drawing on ethnographic data sources, I explore what novice and experienced secondary science teachers regularly attend to while teaching, what shapes teachers’ attention, and how teachers’ attention is consequential for students’ science learning. I find that both novice and experienced teachers can attend to the substance of student thinking, although the institutional and social systems of school draw teachers’ attention to other foci--particularly to correctness of conceptual knowledge and the vocabulary that signals correctness and “misconceptions. ” Furthermore, I argue that when teachers regularly attend to the substance of student thinking, they can contribute to a classroom culture that supports student inquiry. I discuss implications of this work for understanding teaching and for teacher education and professional development, and I suggest areas for future research that are motivated by these findings.
Structural change in the developed countries during the twentieth century

The central theme of this paper is the process of structural change which occurred during the twentieth century in the leading industrial nations. The massive scale of the changes in all these countries is first illustrated by reference to the reallocation of the labour force between agriculture, industry, and the services, and the process of deindustrialization common to all these countries is highlighted. Alternative measures based on output data at current and constant prices are also considered. The paper then explores the main reasons for these shifts in the pattern of activity, looking at the interacting effects of demand- and supply-side factors. This is followed by an examination of some of the consequences of structural change, including the implications for the labour market and the overall growth of labour productivity. The final section speculates briefly about the likely implications for the less-developed countries following behind this advanced group. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.
Fiscal Policy Challenges in Oil-Exporting Countries - A Review of Key Issues

Fiscal policy choices have a particularly significant impact on economic performance in oil-exporting countries, owing to the importance of the oil sector in the economy and the fact that in most countries oil revenues accrue to the government. At the same time, fiscal policy in oil-centred economies s facing specific challenges, both in the long run, as regards intergenerational equity and fiscal sustainability, and in the short run, as regards macroeconomic stabilisation and fiscal planning. Institutional responses to the specific fiscal challenges in oil-exporting countries involve conservative oil price assumptions in the budget, the establishment of oil stabilisation and savings funds and fiscal rules. Fiscal policy in most oil-exporting countries has been expansionary over the past years in the wake of high oil prices. Fiscal expansion has added to inflationary pressure, and monetary policy has been constrained in tackling inflation as a result of prevailing exchange rate regimes. While, in this context, fiscal policy is the major tool for macroeconomic stabilisation, it has faced competing objectives and considerations. Cyclical considerations would have warranted fiscal restraint, but, in times of high oil prices, pressures to increase public spending have been mounting. Such pressures stem from primarily distribution-related considerations, development-related spending needs (e.g. in the areas of physical and social infrastructure) and international considerations in the context of, for example, global imbalances. The sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2008 has brought to the fore a different question – whether oil exporters can sustain spending levels reached in previous years. JEL Classification: E62, E63, H30, H60, Q32, Q38.
Environment Kuznets Curve for Carbon Emissions: A Cointegration Analysis for Bangladesh

This article investigates the current status of the association between carbon emissions releases, use of energy, openness of trade and overall output of Bangladesh from its independence to 2012. The research outcomes for Bangladesh show that a robust long-run association is present there along with short-run dynamic adjustment among those variables. The research indicates that environmental degradation in Bangladesh may increase because of high economic growth in future and therefore, policies to tackle environmental pollution are imperative where the use of both market and non-market based management tools is important. Finally, this study provides some future research directions which were beyond the scope of this research. Keywords: Environment; Environmental Economics; Air Pollution. JEL Classifications: Q5; P42.
Implementing and evaluating microcredit in Bangladesh

Microcredit has been introduced to rural communities in Bangladesh as a means of economic and social development, but there are increasing doubts about its effectiveness and suggestions that it causes domestic abuse. A review of various studies indicates that microcredit can result in social disruption by exacerbating gender conflict. It is suggested that micro-level study is required before credit is introduced to local communities.
Prize reinforcement contingency management for treating cocaine users: how low can we go, and with whom?

AIMS This study evaluated the efficacy of a low-cost, prize reinforcement contingency management (CM) intervention for reducing cocaine use. SETTING Community-based treatment centers. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN Cocaine-abusing out-patients (n = 120) were assigned randomly to one of three 12-week conditions: standard treatment, standard treatment plus CM with an expected maximum of $80 of reinforcement or standard treatment plus CM with an expected maximum of $240 of reinforcement. INTERVENTION In the CM conditions, patients earned the opportunity to win prizes for submitting negative urine samples and completing goal-related activities. MEASUREMENTS Drug use was measured at intake and throughout a 3-month treatment period. FINDINGS Patients in the $240 CM condition achieved more abstinence than patients in the standard condition. Patients who initiated treatment with positive urinalysis results were most responsive to the CM intervention, with the $240 CM condition engendering the best effects in this subgroup. In contrast, patients who initiated treatment with negative urinalysis results generally remained abstinent during treatment, regardless of treatment assignment. On average, patients in the two CM conditions earned $36 and $68 in prizes. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that prize reinforcement CM may be suitable for community-based settings, and beneficial effects may be magnitude-dependent in more severe patients.
Study of the correlation between tumor size and cyst rupture in laparotomy and laparoscopy for benign ovarian tumor: Is 10 cm the limit for laparoscopy?

Aim: Laparoscopy is the gold standard for treatment of benign ovarian cysts, although there is a risk of intraoperative cyst rupture if the lesion is cancerous. This study is aimed at comparing the incidence of cyst rupture to tumor size in both laparotomy and laparoscopy in order to select the optimum surgical procedure for ovarian cysts.
Foreign direct investment and stock market development in Pakistan

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the impact of FDI on the stock market development in Pakistan, both aggregate as well as sector wise, the reason being that no such work has been carried out in this context.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on secondary data for the period 1985‐2011. Johansen co‐integration approach is used for determining relationship among variables for aggregate stock market development in long run. Granger causality test is also applied to check the causal relation between the variables. Correlation analysis and regression analysis has been used for examining the relationship of sector wise development, FDI and economic growth in Pakistan.Findings – The results support the positive role of FDI in boosting the aggregate stock market development in long run. Bi‐directional causality between FDI and economic growth has been found along with the uni‐directional causality between aggregate stock market development and economic growth. For sector wise development the .
The distribution of analytical techniques in policy advisory systems: Policy formulation and the tools of policy appraisal

The literature on policy analysis and policy advice has not generally explored differences in the analytical tasks and techniques practiced within government or between government-based and non-government-based analysts. A more complete picture of the roles played by policy analysts in policy appraisal is needed if the nature of contemporary policy work and formulation activities is to be better understood. This article addresses both these gaps in the literature. Using data from a set of original surveys conducted in 2006–2013 into the provision of policy advice and policy work at the national and sub-national levels in Canada, it explores the use of analytical techniques across departments and functional units of government and compares and assesses these uses with the techniques practiced by analysts in the private sector as well as among professional policy analysts located in non-governmental organizations. The data show that the nature and frequency of use of the analytical techniques used in policy formulation differs between these different sets of actors and also varies within venues of government by department and agency type. Nevertheless, some general patterns in the use of policy appraisal tools can be discerned, with all groups employing process-related tools more frequently than “substantive” content-related technical tools, reinforcing the procedural orientation of much contemporary policy work identified in earlier studies.
Managing Development: EU and African Relations through the evolution of the Lomé and Cotonou Agreements

The relationship between the European Union 1 and Africa has been formalised since the beginning of the European integration project in the evolving Yaounde, Lome and now Cotonou Agreements. The relationship has shifted in line with the emerging global framework for neoliberal accumulation. This shift has involved the re-designing’ of developmental strategies and their ‘locking-in’ in the long term. Theoretically, this global shift in the organisation of both production and social relations (including popular understandings) has been well documented and the changing dominant patterns of production in advanced industrial economies has been highlighted at length. However, this article aims to develop further the idea of ‘locking-in’, outlined in the work of Stephen Gill, and to place an increased emphasis on the phenomena of both re-designing and locking-in as they apply to the alteration of developmental strategies in Less Developed Countries (LDCs), among which those in Africa have suffered from extreme marginalisation and exploitation. This article reveals the often ignored role of the EU in this process. It argues that the EU, through its institutionalised link with Africa, has played a key role in re-designing developmental strategies to complement the global shift to neoliberal accumulation which, in its latest phase, is aimed particularly at the complex, multifaceted and increasingly integrated project to ‘lock-in’ the gains of capital over labour on a global scale. The article begins with a brief introduction to the complementary projects of ‘re-designing’ and ‘locking-in’ before considering these against the historical evolution of the Lome and Cotonou relationship.
The Dynamics of Stock Index and Stock Index Futures Returns

Abstract In rational, efficiently functioning markets, the returns on stock index and stock index futures contracts should be perfectly, contemporaneously correlated. This study investigates the time series properties of 5-minute, intraday returns of stock index and stock index futures contracts, and finds that S&P 500 and MM index futures returns tend to lead stock market returns by about five minutes, on average, but occasionally as long as 10 minutes or more, even after stock index returns have been purged of infrequent trading effects; however, the effect is not completely unidirectional, with lagged stock index returns having a mild positive predictive impact on futures returns.
To eat or to be eaten–on the role of entrepreneurship in the Norwegian telecom access sector

The purpose of this paper is to analyse mechanisms of evolution by studying a population of firms involved in the provision of telecom access in Norway after the liberation of the telecom sector during the 1990s. The approach is based on a combination of theory on entrepreneurship and theories on sectoral innovation systems, in particular the role of entrepreneurship under different technological regimes. By analysing the role of different actors in the market for telecom access, the relationship between the previous state monopolist Telenor and other companies entering the market is discussed. The main conclusion is that Telenor, in spite of the liberalization of the telecom market, still is in a very dominant position in the markets for access provision. To the extent that Telenor is challenged, it is basically by other existing telecom companies. By the time of finalizing this paper (2006), none of the entrepreneurial firms have survived as independent firms. The main conclusion deriving from this analysis, is that the telecom access sector is characterized by the routinized regime, in which the larger, established firms are the dominant players. However, this does not mean that entrepreneurs do not play important roles. By starting their new ventures, entrepreneurs are challenging the positions of the incumbents; they are contributing to more competition and innovation. Without the pressure from the entrepreneurial entrants, the level of innovation in the sectoral system would have been significantly lower.
Small island developing states (SIDS): tourism and economic development

For several decades many small island developing states (SIDS) have come to rely on tourism as the primary agent of economic development. Although in many instances the industry has emerged as one of the largest and fastest growing economic sectors, much of the anticipated developmental benefits that tourism was expected to deliver have failed to materialize. This has influenced several tourism researchers to question the presumed link between tourism and economic development. This article seeks to explore whether such a link exists and if so what is the extent of the industry's contribution among SIDS. To answer these questions the study will rely on evidence obtained from a simple cross-sectional regression model as well as on estimates of the tourism income multipliers that were generated for several of these island states.
ALS-linked TDP-43 mutations produce aberrant RNA splicing and adult-onset motor neuron disease without aggregation or loss of nuclear TDP-43

Significance Mutations in the RNA binding protein TDP-43 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Through expressing disease-causing mutants in mice and genome-wide RNA splicing analyses, mutant TDP-43 is shown to retain normal or enhanced activity for facilitating splicing of some RNA targets, but “loss-of-function” for others. These splicing changes, as well as age-dependent, mutant-dependent lower motor neuron disease, occur without loss of nuclear TDP-43 or accumulation of insoluble aggregates of TDP-43. Transactivating response region DNA binding protein (TDP-43) is the major protein component of ubiquitinated inclusions found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with ubiquitinated inclusions. Two ALS-causing mutants (TDP-43Q331K and TDP-43M337V), but not wild-type human TDP-43, are shown here to provoke age-dependent, mutant-dependent, progressive motor axon degeneration and motor neuron death when expressed in mice at levels and in a cell type-selective pattern similar to endogenous TDP-43. Mutant TDP-43-dependent degeneration of lower motor neurons occurs without: (i) loss of TDP-43 from the corresponding nuclei, (ii) accumulation of TDP-43 aggregates, and (iii) accumulation of insoluble TDP-43. Computational analysis using splicing-sensitive microarrays demonstrates alterations of endogenous TDP-43–dependent alternative splicing events conferred by both human wild-type and mutant TDP-43Q331K, but with high levels of mutant TDP-43 preferentially enhancing exon exclusion of some target pre-mRNAs affecting genes involved in neurological transmission and function. Comparison with splicing alterations following TDP-43 depletion demonstrates that TDP-43Q331K enhances normal TDP-43 splicing function for some RNA targets but loss-of-function for others. Thus, adult-onset motor neuron disease does not require aggregation or loss of nuclear TDP-43, with ALS-linked mutants producing loss and gain of splicing function of selected RNA targets at an early disease stage.
Apports des ontologies à l'analyse exploratoire des images satellitaires. (Contribution of Ontologies to the Exploratory Analysis of Satellite Images)

A l'heure actuelle, les images satellites constituent une source d'information incontournable face a de nombreux enjeux environnementaux (deforestation, caracterisation des paysages, amenagement du territoire, etc). En raison de leur complexite, de leur volume important et des besoins propres a chaque communaute, l'analyse et l'interpretation des images satellites imposent de nouveaux defis aux methodes de fouille de donnees. Le parti-pris de cette these est d'explorer de nouvelles approches, que nous situons a mi-chemin entre representation des connaissances et apprentissage statistique, dans le but de faciliter et d'automatiser l'extraction d'informations pertinentes du contenu de ces images. Nous avons, pour cela, propose deux nouvelles methodes qui considerent les images comme des donnees quantitatives massives depourvues de labels semantiques et qui les traitent en se basant sur les connaissances disponibles. Notre premiere contribution est une approche hybride, qui exploite conjointement le raisonnement a base d'ontologie et le clustering semi-supervise. Le raisonnement permet l'etiquetage semantique des pixels a partir de connaissances issues du domaine concerne. Les labels generes guident ensuite la tâche de clustering, qui permet de decouvrir de nouvelles classes tout en enrichissant l'etiquetage initial. Notre deuxieme contribution procede de maniere inverse. Dans un premier temps, l'approche s'appuie sur un clustering topographique pour resumer les donnees en entree et reduire de ce fait le nombre de futures instances a traiter par le raisonnement. Celui ci n'est alors applique que sur les prototypes resultant du clustering, l'etiquetage est ensuite propage automatiquement a l'ensemble des donnees de depart. Dans ce cas, l'importance est portee sur l'optimisation du temps de raisonnement et a son passage a l'echelle. Nos deux approches ont ete testees et evaluees dans le cadre de la classification et de l'interpretation d'images satellites. Les resultats obtenus sont prometteurs et montrent d'une part, que la qualite de la classification peut etre amelioree par une prise en compte automatique des connaissances et que l'implication des experts peut etre allegee, et d'autre part, que le recours au clustering topographique en amont permet d'eviter le calcul des inferences sur la totalite des pixels de l'image.