Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yield-SpikeSegNet: An Extension of SpikeSegNet Deep-Learning Approach for the Yield Estimation in the Wheat Using Visual Images

ABSTRACT High-throughput plant phenotyping integrated with computer vision is an emerging topic in the domain of nondestructive and noninvasive plant breeding. Analysis of the emerging grain spikes and the grain weight or yield estimation in the wheat plant for a huge number of genotypes in a nondestructive way has achieved significant research attention. In this study, we developed a deep learning approach, “Yield-SpikeSegNet,” for the yield estimation in the wheat plant using visual images. Our approach consists of two consecutive modules: “Spike detection module” and “Yield estimation module. ” The spike detection module is implemented using a deep encoder-decoder network for spike segmentation and output of this module is spike area and spike count. In yield estimation module, we develop machine learning models using artificial neural network and support vector regression for the yield estimation in the wheat plant. The model’s precision, accuracy, and robustness are found satisfactory in spike segmentation as 0.9982, 0.9987, and 0.9992, respectively. The spike segmentation and yield estimation performance reflect that the Yield-SpikeSegNet approach is a significant step forward in the domain of high-throughput and nondestructive wheat phenotyping.
Correspondence Rules for SU(1,1) Quasidistribution Functions and Quantum Dynamics in the Hyperbolic Phase Space

We derive the explicit differential form for the action of the generators of the SU(1,1) group on the corresponding s-parametrized symbols. This allows us to obtain evolution equations for the phase-space functions on the upper sheet of the two-sheet hyperboloid and analyze their semiclassical limits. Dynamics of quantum systems with SU(1,1) symmetry governed by compact and non-compact Hamiltonians are discussed in both quantum and semiclassical regimes.
The role of the information environment during the first COVID-19 wave in Germany

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by intense debates about the role of the information environment. On the one hand, citizens learn from public information campaigns and news coverage and supposedly adjust their behaviours accordingly; on the other, there are fears of widespread misinformation and its detrimental effects. Analyzing the posts of the most important German information providers published via Facebook, this paper first identifies a uniform salience of subtopics related to COVID-19 across different types of information sources that generally emphasized the threats to public health. Next, using a large survey conducted with German residents during the first COVID-19 wave in March 2020 we investigate how information exposure relates to perceptions, attitudes and behaviours concerning the pandemic. Regression analyses show that getting COVID-19-related information from a multitude of sources has a statistically significant and positive relationship with public health outcomes. These findings are consistent even across the ideological left/right spectrum and party preferences. These consistent correlational results demonstrate that during the first wave of COVID-19, a uniform information environment went hand in hand with a cautious public and widely accepted mitigation measures. Nonetheless, we discuss these findings against the backdrop of an increased politicization of public-health measures during later COVID-19 waves.
High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in Hypoxia Improves Maximal Aerobic Capacity More Than HIIT in Normoxia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

The present study aimed to determine the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in hypoxia on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) compared with HIIT in normoxia with a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)-accordant meta-analysis and meta-regression. Studies which measured VO2max following a minimum of 2 weeks intervention featuring HIIT in hypoxia versus HIIT in normoxia were included. From 119 originally identified titles, nine studies were included (n = 194 participants). Meta-analysis was conducted on change in (∆) VO2max using standardised mean difference (SMD) and a random effects model. Meta-regression examined the relationship between the extent of environmental hypoxia (fractional inspired oxygen [FiO2]) and ∆VO2max and intervention duration and ∆VO2max. The overall SMD for ∆VO2max following HIIT in hypoxia was 1.14 (95% CI = 0.56–1.72; p < 0.001). Meta-regressions identified no significant relationship between FiO2 (coefficient estimate = 0.074, p = 0.852) or intervention duration (coefficient estimate = 0.071, p = 0.423) and ∆VO2max. In conclusion, HIIT in hypoxia improved VO2max compared to HIIT in normoxia. Neither extent of hypoxia, nor training duration modified this effect, however the range in FiO2 was small, which limits interpretation of this meta-regression. Moreover, training duration is not the only training variable known to influence ∆VO2max, and does not appropriately capture total training stress or load. This meta-analysis provides pooled evidence that HIIT in hypoxia may be more efficacious at improving VO2max than HIIT in normoxia. The application of these data suggest adding a hypoxic stimuli to a period of HIIT may be more effective at improving VO2max than HIIT alone. Therefore, coaches and athletes with access to altitude (either natural or simulated) should consider implementing HIIT in hypoxia, rather than HIIT in normoxia where possible, assuming no negative side effects.
Social, Academic and Health Status Impact of Long COVID on Children and Young People: An Observational, Descriptive, and Longitudinal Cohort Study

There is a lack of evidence of the health impacts due to long COVID among children and young people (CYP). The objective of this study is to determine the main clinical characteristics of long COVID in CYP and to investigate the academic, social, and health status impacts of long COVID in this population. An observational, descriptive, and longitudinal study on CYP who presented COVID-19 symptoms for more than twelve weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed between December 2020 and May 2021. Fifty CYP were included, with a median age of 14.1 years, 33 (66%) were female, and 17 (34%) had a relative diagnosed with long COVID. Since the initial infection and up to the first visit, CYP had persisting symptoms for a median of 4.1 months, and for 18 (36%) CYP these symptoms persisted for more than 6 months. Fatigue (100%), neurocognitive disorders (74%), muscular weakness (74%), and headache (72%) were the most reported symptoms. A total of 9 (18%) CYP could not attend school, 17 (34%) had a reduced schedule, 33 (66%) showed a decreased school performance, and 68% had stopped extracurricular activities. This preliminary study shows the impact that long COVID has on the health, academic, and social life of CYP.
A review on optimization techniques for medical image analysis

Data mining of medical imaging approaches makes it difficult to determine their value in the disease's insight, analysis, and diagnosis. Image classification presents a significant difficulty in image analysis and plays a vital part in computer‐aided diagnosis. This task concerned the use of optimization techniques for the utilization of image processing, pattern recognition, and classification techniques, as well as the validation of image classification results in medical expert reports. The primary intention of this study is to analyze the performance of optimization techniques explored in the area of medical image analysis. For this motive, the optimization techniques employed in existing literature from 2012 to 2021 are reviewed in this study. The contribution of optimization‐based medical image classification and segmentation utilized image modalities, data sets, and tradeoffs for each technique are also discussed in this review study. Finally, this review study provides the gap analysis of optimization techniques used in medical image analysis with the possible future research direction.
Cut-constructible part of QCD amplitudes

Unitarity cuts are widely used in analytic computation of loop amplitudes in gauge theories such as QCD. We expand upon the technique introduced in hep-ph/0503132 to carry out any finite unitarity cut integral. This technique naturally separates the contributions of bubble, triangle and box integrals in one-loop amplitudes and is not constrained to any particular helicity configurations. Loop momentum integration is reduced to a sequence of algebraic operations. We discuss the extraction of the residues at higher-order poles. Additionally, we offer concise algebraic formulas for expressing coefficients of three-mass triangle integrals. As an application, we compute all remaining coefficients of bubble and triangle integrals for nonsupersymmetric six-gluon amplitudes.
Theoretical Study of the Stripline Ferromagnetic Resonance Response of Metallic Ferromagnetic Films Based on an Analytical Model

We develop an advanced analytical model for calculating the broadband stripline ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) response for metallic ferromagnetic films, taking into account the exchange interaction as well as the exchange boundary conditions at the film surface. This approach leads to simple analytical expressions in the Fourier space. As a result, a numerical code which implements inverse Fourier transform of these equations is very quick. This allows us to explore a wide space of parameters as numerical examples of application of this theory. In particular, we investigate the joint effects of microwave eddy current shielding and magnetization pinning at the ferromagnetic film surfaces on the shape of the stripline FMR response of the film.
Chern Numbers in Discretized Brillouin Zone: Efficient Method of Computing (Spin) Hall Conductances

We present a manifestly gauge-invariant description of Chern numbers associated with the Berry connection defined on a discretized Brillouin zone. It provides an efficient method of computing (spin) Hall conductances without specifying gauge-fixing conditions. We demonstrate that it correctly reproduces quantized Hall conductances even on a coarsely discretized Brillouin zone. A gauge-dependent integer-valued field, which plays a key role in the formulation, is evaluated in several gauges. An extension to the non-Abelian Berry connection is also given.
Dynamic Statutory Interpretation

Acknowledgments Introduction: Why Statutory Interpretation Is Worth a Book I: The Practice of Dynamic Statutory Interpretation 1. The Insufficiency of Statutory Archaeology 2. The Dynamics of Statutory Interpretation 3. A Case Study: Labor Injunction Decisions, 1877-1938 II: Jurisprudential Theories for Reading Statutes Dynamically 4. Liberal Theories 5. Legal Process Theories 6. Normativist Theories III: Doctrinal Implications of Dynamic Statutory Jurisprudence 7. Legislative History Values 8. Vertical versus Horizontal Coherence 9. Canons of Statutory Construction as Interpretive Regimes Appendix 1 The Primary Legislative Inaction Precedents, 1962-1992 Appendix 2 Supreme Court Decisions Overruling Statutory Precedents, 1962-1992 Appendix 3 The Rehnquist Court's Canons of Statutory Construction Notes Index
Spatial distribution of globular clusters in the Galaxy

The Milky Way's satellite galaxies and Globular Clusters (GCs) are known to exhibit an anisotropic spatial distribution. We examine in detail this anisotropy by the means of the inertia tensor. We estimate the statistical significance of the results by repeating this analysis for random catalogues which use the radial distribution of the real sample. Our method reproduces the well-known planar structure in the distribution of the satellite galaxies. We show that for GCs several anisotropic structures are observed. The GCs at small distances, $2<R<10$ kpc, show a structure coplanar with the Galactic plane. At smaller and larger distances the whole sample of GCs shows quite weak anisotropy. Nevertheless, at largest distances the orientation of the structure is close to that of the satellite galaxies, i.e. perpendicular to the Galactic plane. We estimate the probability of random realization for this structure of 1.7%. The Bulge-Disk GCs show a clear disk-like structure lying within the galactic disk. The Old Halo GCs show two structures: a well pronounced polar elongated structure at $R<3$ kpc which is perpendicular to the galactic plane, and a less pronounced disk-like structure coplanar with the galactic disk at $6<R<20$ kpc. The Young Halo GCs do not show significant anisotropy.
The Arabidopsis J-Protein AtDjC5 Facilitates Thermotolerance Likely by Aiding in the ER Stress Response

AtDjC5 belongs to the J-protein family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Its biological functions remain unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of AtDjC5 in resisting heat stress using reverse genetic analysis. After the seedlings were exposed directly to 44 °C for 90 min, AtDjC5 knockout seedlings displayed decreases in the survival rate, membrane system stability, and cell vitality compared to WT seedlings, indicating that AtDjC5 is involved in plant basal thermotolerance. The AtDjC5 knockout seedlings pre-exposed to 37 °C for 30 min exhibited decreases in the survival rate and total chlorophyll contents and increased cell death when they were subsequently exposed to 45 °C compared to the WT seedlings, indicating that AtDjC5 plays an important role in plant acquired thermotolerance. AtDjC5 was found to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. The expression of the AtDjC5 gene was induced by heat and TM (an ER stress inducer) treatment. Furthermore, we found that the knockout of AtDjC5 inhibited ER stress-induced autophagy and the expression of ER stress-related genes. Taken together, these results suggest that AtDjC5 facilitates thermotolerance, likely by aiding in the ER stress response.
Long-Term Analyses of the Rate of Perceived Exertion as an Indicator of Intensity in Women’s Basketball during a Relegation Play-off

Simple Summary Knowledge of internal load is essential to understand the effect of training and competition on athletes. The aim of this study was to analyse the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale as an indicator of intensity in amateur basketball players during a relegation play-off. The heart rate and RPE of 10 players from a Copa Catalunya team while competing over a 10-day period were analysed. There was an improvement in the relationship between the two variables from the first to the last match. The results suggest that RPE could be seen as an indicator of intensity in amateur basketball players during a relegation play-off, improving their relationship with MHR as the weeks went by, which could suggest a learning process. Abstract Knowledge of internal load is essential to understand the effect of training and competition on athletes. The aim of this study was to analyse the validity of the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale as an indicator of intensity in amateur female basketball players during a relegation play-off. The heart rate and RPE of 10 players (age: 21.30 ± 2.71 years, weight: 68.84 ± 11.21 kg, body fat: 20.74 ± 3.51%) from a Copa Catalunya team while competing over a 10-day period were analysed. The mean heart rate of each match was registered with the Suunto Team Pack™ heart rate monitors. The RPE values were obtained once the match ended, completing the original Borg scale. The mean RPE ranged from 15.20 ± 2.39 to 18.00 ± 1.07 AU, whereas the mean heart rate (MHR) ranged from 132.35 ± 12.37 to 147.33 ± 10.61 bpm. There was also an improvement in the statistical correlation between the two variables as the days progressed. Regression equations were calculated for the total number of registered matches and the last five matches, obtaining the following regression equations: MHR = 6.23 × RPE20 + 36.8 (R2 = 0.56) for all games and MHR = 30.95 + 6.73 × RPE (R2 = 0.73) for the last five games. The results suggest that RPE could be seen as an indicator of intensity in amateur basketball players during a relegation play-off, improving their relationship with MHR as the weeks went by, which could suggest a learning process.
SCUBA-2: a 10,000-pixel submillimeter camera for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

SCUBA-2 is an innovative 10,000 pixel submillimeter camera due to be delivered to the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in late 2006. The camera is expected to revolutionize submillimeter astronomy in terms of the ability to carry out wide-field surveys to unprecedented depths addressing key questions relating to the origins of galaxies, stars and planets. This paper presents an update on the project with particular emphasis on the laboratory commissioning of the instrument. The assembly and integration will be described as well as the measured thermal performance of the instrument. A summary of the performance results will be presented from the TES bolometer arrays, which come complete with in-focal plane SQUID amplifiers and multiplexed readouts, and are cooled to 100mK by a liquid cryogen-free dilution refrigerator. Considerable emphasis has also been placed on the operating modes of the instrument and the "common-user" aspect of the user interface and data reduction pipeline. These areas will also be described in the paper.
Optimizing completely positive maps using semidefinite programming

Recently, a lot of attention has been devoted to finding physically realizable operations that realize as closely as possible certain desired transformations between quantum states, e.g., quantum cloning, teleportation, quantum gates, etc. Mathematically, this problem boils down to finding a completely positive trace-preserving (CPTP) linear map that maximizes the (mean) fidelity between the map itself and the desired transformation. In this communication, we want to draw attention to the fact that this problem belongs to the class of so-called semidefinite programming (SDP) problems. As SDP problems are convex, it immediately follows that they do not suffer from local optima. Furthermore, this implies that the numerical optimization of the CPTP map can, and should, be done using methods from the well-established SDP field, as these methods exploit convexity and are guaranteed to converge to the real solution. Finally, we show how the duality inherent to convex and SDP problems can be exploited to prove analytically the optimality of a proposed solution. We give an example of how to apply this proof method by proving the optimality of Hardy and Song's optimal qubit $\ensuremath{\theta}$ shifter (e-print quant-ph/0102100).
Topology of large-scale underdense regions

We investigate the large scale matter distribution adopting QSOs as matter tracer. The quasar catalogue based on the SDSS DR7 is used. The void finding algorithm is presented and statistical properties of void sizes and shapes are determined. Number of large voids in the quasar distribution is greater than the number of the same size voids found in the random distribution. The largest voids with diameters exceeding 300 Mpc indicate an existence of comparable size areas of lower than the average matter density. No void-void space correlations have been detected, and no larger scale deviations from the uniform distribution are revealed. The average CMB temperature in the directions of the largest voids is lower than in the surrounding areas by 0.0046 +/- 0.0028 mK. This figure is compared to the amplitude of the expected temperature depletion caused by the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect.
ORCH: Distributed Orchestration Framework using Mobile Edge Devices

In the emerging edge computing architecture, several types of devices have computational resources available. In order to make efficient use of those resources, deciding on which device a task should execute is of great importance.Existing works on task placement in edge computing focus on a resource supply side consisting of stationary devices only. In this paper, we consider the addition of mobile edge devices. We explore how mobile and stationary edge devices can augment the original task placement problem with a second placement problem: the placement of the mobile edge devices.We propose the ORCH framework in order to solve the joint problem in a distributed manner and evaluate it in the context of a spatially-changing load. Our implementation of the combined task and edge placement algorithms shows a normalized 83% delay-sensitive task completion rate compared to a perfect edge placement strategy.
Collective atom phase controls in photon echoes for quantum memory applications I: Population inversion removal

Photon echo-based quantum memories demonstrated in rare-earth doped solids over the last decade have solved the major constraint of population inversion in conventional photon echoes by using collective atom phase controls. Both atomic frequency comb and gradient echoes have also made a breakthrough in higher echo efficiency, where conventional photon echo efficiency remains at a few per cent. Here we review, analyze, and discuss the collective atom phase control applied to conventional photon echoes for quantum memory applications to clarify fundamental physics of coherent transients in a three-level system specifically for optical-spin coherence conversion in a controlled double rephasing echoes. Some critical misunderstandings in various protocols are also analyzed, and corrected for near unity echo efficiency under no population inversion.
Disorder-quenched Kondo effect in mesoscopic electronic systems

Nonmagnetic disorder is shown to quench the screening of magnetic moments in metals, the Kondo effect. The probability that a magnetic moment remains free down to zero temperature is found to increase with disorder strength. Experimental consequences for disordered metals are studied. In particular, it is shown that the presence of magnetic impurities with a small Kondo temperature enhances the electron’s dephasing rate at low temperatures in comparison to the clean metal case. It is furthermore proven that the width of the distribution of Kondo temperatures remains finite in the thermodyn amic (infinite volume) limit due to wave function
Observation of interface superconductivity in a 
SnSe2
/epitaxial graphene van der Waals heterostructure

We report on the direct observation of interface superconductivity in single-unit-cell SnSe2 films grown on graphitized SiC(0001) substrate by means of van der Waals epitaxy. Tunneling spectrum in the superconducting state reveals rather conventional character with a fully gapped order parameter. The occurrence of superconductivity is further confirmed by the presence of vortices under external magnetic field. Through interface engineering, we unravel the mechanism of superconductivity that originates from a two-dimensional electron gas formed at the interface of SnSe2 and graphene. Our finding opens up novel strategies to hunt for and understand interface superconductivity based on van der Waals heterostructures.