Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Fire Smoke Detection Method Combining a Self-Attention Mechanism and Radial Multi-Scale Feature Connection

Fire remains a pressing issue that requires urgent attention. Due to its uncontrollable and unpredictable nature, it can easily trigger chain reactions and increase the difficulty of extinguishing, posing a significant threat to people’s lives and property. The effectiveness of traditional photoelectric- or ionization-based detectors is inhibited when detecting fire smoke due to the variable shape, characteristics, and scale of the detected objects and the small size of the fire source in the early stages. Additionally, the uneven distribution of fire and smoke and the complexity and variety of the surroundings in which they occur contribute to inconspicuous pixel-level-based feature information, making identification difficult. We propose a real-time fire smoke detection algorithm based on multi-scale feature information and an attention mechanism. Firstly, the feature information layers extracted from the network are fused into a radial connection to enhance the semantic and location information of the features. Secondly, to address the challenge of recognizing harsh fire sources, we designed a permutation self-attention mechanism to concentrate on features in channel and spatial directions to gather contextual information as accurately as possible. Thirdly, we constructed a new feature extraction module to increase the detection efficiency of the network while retaining feature information. Finally, we propose a cross-grid sample matching approach and a weighted decay loss function to handle the issue of imbalanced samples. Our model achieves the best detection results compared to standard detection methods using a handcrafted fire smoke detection dataset, with APval reaching 62.5%, APSval reaching 58.5%, and FPS reaching 113.6.
Raman studies of GaN/sapphire thin film heterostructures

Using Raman spectroscopy, we have studied the optical phonon modes of GaN nucleation layers with the thicknesses of 7 and 45nm, grown on sapphire (0001) substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures (500–600°C). These layers consisted of mixed hexagonal and cubic phases. The Raman results from mixed phases were compared with those from pure hexagonal layers which were grown at higher temperatures over 1000°C. The E2H and A1(LO) phonon modes are observed at 548 and 733cm−1 for 45nm thick nucleation layer, while the silent low-frequency B1 mode which is forbidden in good quality hexagonal GaN is observed at 314cm−1. The presence of the strong hexagonal modes for GaN nucleation layers of 45nm thick confirms the crystalline nature of the GaN nucleation layer and dominant hexagonal phase in this mixed cubic-hexagonal nucleation layer. The observed frequencies are shifted with respect to the corresponding A1 and E2 phonon modes in hexagonal GaN. The decrease in mode frequency implies.
Multiscale Modeling of Blood Flow and Soft Matter

of “Multiscale Modeling of Blood Flow and Soft Matter,” by Dmitry A. Fedosov, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2010 This work presents multiscale modeling of blood flow and polymer suspensions which requires the use of heterogeneous modeling approaches. A hybrid method based on coupling the Molecular Dynamics (MD) method, the Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) method, and the incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations is developed and is called the TripleDecker algorithm. MD, DPD, and NS are formulated in separate subdomains and are coupled via an overlapping region by communicating state information at the subdomain boundaries. The triple-decker algorithm is verified for several prototype flows such as Couette, Poiseuille, and lid-driven cavity flow. A three-dimensional multiscale red blood cell (RBC) model is developed and is able to predict RBC mechanics, rheology, and dynamics in agreement with experiments. Based on an analytic theory, the modeled membrane properties can be uniquely related to the experimentally established RBC macroscopic properties without any adjustment of parameters. The developed model is applied to modeling infected RBCs in malaria where RBC membrane properties can dramatically change. Blood flow is simulated in microtubes for different diameters and hematocrit values. The blood flow model captures the well-known Fahraeus and Fahraeus-Lindquist effects and cell-free layers measured in experiments. Blood flow in malaria is characterized by the adhesion of infected RBCs to the vascular endothelium. The adhesive dynamics of infected RBCs in malaria is simulated based on the stochastic bond formation/dissociation model and compares well with experimental observations. Depletion layers in dilute polymer solutions in microand nano-channels are investigated for various conditions and compare well with the asymptotic lattice theory solution of depletion near a repulsive wall. In Poiseuille flow, polymer migration across the streamlines results in two symmetric off-center peaks in the center-of-mass distribution which identify the preferred chain positions across the channel. Steady state rheological properties of semi-dilute polymer solutions and melts are obtained with the Reverse Poiseuille flow (RPF) which is demonstrated to be an accurate and convenient virtual rheometer for complex fluids. For isothermal solutions the material functions satisfy the principle of time-concentration superposition, while for undiluted chains the temperature dependence is reconciled by the principle of time-temperature superposition. c © Copyright 2010 by Dmitry A. Fedosov This dissertation by Dmitry A. Fedosov is accepted in its present form by the Division of Applied Mathematics as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date . Professor George Em Karniadakis, Director Recommended to the Graduate Council Date . Professor Bruce Caswell, Reader Date . Professor Martin Maxey, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date . Sheila Bonde Dean of the Graduate School
Experimental and numerical investigation of multipactor discharges in a coaxial waveguide

An experimental and numerical investigation is made of multipactor discharges in a coaxial waveguide. Particular attention is given to the determination of the multipactor threshold and the distribution of the impact energy of the electrons. Simulations are carried out for different parameters of the secondary emission coefficient of the electrode surfaces. This makes it possible to determine these parameters through a comparison between the numerical and experimental results. The comparison also shows that the observed multipactor is mainly of polyphase (non-resonant) nature and represents a mixture of single- and double-surface multipactor discharges.
Does Cytokine-Release Syndrome Induced by CAR T-Cell Treatment Have an Impact on the Pharmacokinetics of Meropenem and Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Patients with Hematological Malignancies? Findings from an Observational Case-Control Study

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising approach for some relapse/refractory hematological B-cell malignancies; however, in most patients, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) may occur. CRS is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) that may affect the pharmacokinetics of some beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to assess whether the pharmacokinetics of meropenem and piperacillin may be affected by CAR T-cell treatment. The study included CAR T-cell treated patients (cases) and oncohematological patients (controls), who were administered 24-h continuous infusion (CI) meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam, optimized by therapeutic drug monitoring, over a 2-year period. Patient data were retrospectively retrieved and matched on a 1:2 ratio. Beta-lactam clearance (CL) was calculated as CL = daily dose/infusion rate. A total of 38 cases (of whom 14 and 24 were treated with meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam, respectively) was matched with 76 controls. CRS occurred in 85.7% (12/14) and 95.8% (23/24) of patients treated with meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam, respectively. CRS-induced AKI was observed in only 1 patient. CL did not differ between cases and controls for both meropenem (11.1 vs. 11.7 L/h, p = 0.835) and piperacillin (14.0 vs. 10.4 L/h, p = 0.074). Our findings suggest that 24-h CI meropenem and piperacillin dosages should not be reduced a priori in CAR T-cell patients experiencing CRS.
Inpatient Mortality in Parkinson’s Disease

Introduction Although a majority of the American public prefer to die at home, a large percentage of Parkinson’s disease patients die in acute care hospitals. We examine trends in the clinical and demographic characteristics of Parkinson’s disease patients who die in a hospital to identify populations potentially vulnerable to unwanted inpatient mortality. Methods Patients with Parkinson’s disease admitted to a hospital from 2002-2016 were identified from the National Inpatient Sample (n = 710,013) along with their associated clinical and demographic characteristics. The main outcome examined was mortality during inpatient admission. From these data, logistic regression models were estimated to obtain the odds ratios of inpatient mortality among clinical and demographic attributes, and their change over time. Results Characteristics significantly associated with increased odds of inpatient mortality included increased age (OR = 1.70 for 55-65, 2.52 for 66-75, 3.99 for 76-85, 5.72 for 86+, all P < 0.001), length of stay ≤5 days (reference; 6 + days OR = 0.37, P < 0.001), white race or ethnicity (reference; Black OR = .84 P < .001, Hispanic OR = 0.91 P = 0.01), male (reference; female OR = 0.93 P < 0.001), hospitalization in Northeast (reference; Midwest OR = 0.78, South 0.84, West OR = 0.82; all P < 0.001), higher severity of illness (moderate OR = 1.50, major OR = 2.32, extreme OR = 5.57; all P < 0.001), and mortality risk (moderate OR = 2.88, major OR = 10.92, extreme OR = 52.30; all P < 0.001). Fitted probabilities overall declined over time. Conclusion Differences exist among PD patient populations regarding likelihood of in-hospital mortality that are changing with time. Insight into which PD patients are most at risk for inpatient mortality may enable clinicians to better meet end-of-life care needs.
How the Freshwater Biodiversity Information System (FBIS) is supporting national freshwater fish conservation decisions in South Africa

In South Africa, anthropogenic pressures such as water over-abstraction, invasive species impacts, land-use change, pollution, and climate change have caused widespread deterioration of the health of river ecosystems. This comes at great cost to both people and biodiversity, with freshwater fishes ranked as the country’s most threatened species group. Effective conservation and management of South Africa’s freshwater ecosystems requires access to reliable and comprehensive biodiversity data. Despite the existence of a wealth of freshwater biodiversity data, access to these data has been limited. The Freshwater Biodiversity Information System (FBIS) was built to address this knowledge gap by developing an intuitive, accessible and reliable platform for freshwater biodiversity data in South Africa. The FBIS hosts high quality, high accuracy biodiversity data that are freely available to a wide range of stakeholders, including researchers, conservation practitioners and policymakers. We describe how the system is being used to provide freshwater fish data to a national conservation decision-support tool—The Department of Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment (DFFE) National Environmental Screening Tool (NEST). The NEST uses empirical and modelled biodiversity data to guide Environmental Impact Assessment Practitioners in conducting environmental assessments of proposed developments. Occurrence records for 34 threatened freshwater fishes occurring in South Africa were extracted from the FBIS and verified by taxon specialists, resulting in 6 660 records being used to generate modelled and empirical national distribution (or sensitivity) layers. This represents the first inclusion of freshwater biodiversity data in the NEST, and future iterations of the tool will incorporate additional freshwater taxa. This case study demonstrates how the FBIS fills a pivotal role in the data-to-decision pipeline through supporting data-driven conservation and management decisions at a national level.
Northward movement of the tropical dinoflagellate Ornithocercus and Triposolenia genera in Korean coastal waters is strongly associated with the inflow of the Jeju Warm Current

Rising seawater temperatures are causing geographic shifts in the composition and abundance of the marine plankton that make up the microbial food web. Over the past few years, the water temperature around the Korea Strait has been increasing rapidly. Twelve cruise surveys were conducted in the Jeju Strait between 2017 and 2019 to monitor the presence of the tropical dinoflagellate genera Ornithocercus and Triposolenia, which are brought in by the Jeju Warm Current. Additionally, passive tracer experiments were performed using the Regional Ocean Modeling System to understand how the warm currents impact the Jeju Strait. The results of these simulations were then compared against the distribution ranges and abundance of Ornithocercus and Triposolenia. The study found that there were significant seasonal variations in abundance and spatial distribution of the tropical dinoflagellates during the sampling period, particularly during September and November when they were highly abundant and widely distributed. These patterns were closely related to the intensity and path of the Jeju Warm Current, particularly from southeastern offshore (EKB02; Eastern Kuroshio Branch02) rather than from southwestern offshore (EKB01; Eastern Kuroshio Branch01) of Jeju Island. The study also found no tropical dinoflagellates at any of the stations near the south coast of Korea during the sampling period. These findings suggest that the Ornithocercus and Triposolenia tropical dinoflagellate genera may serve as useful biological indicators to monitor the advection of warm currents into the Jeju Strait, Korea.
Application of Rough Sets Synthesis Evaluation in Bid Evaluation Decision System

Rough set is another tool which is dealing ambiguous and uncertain problems after theory of probability,fuzzy set and evidence theory.This paper analyzes the scientificalness and decision-making characteristic of applying Rough Set to bid-evaluation process,brings forward the method of applying rough set to system evaluation.First,this thesis is carried out in scattered disposal respectively on the quantify index and qualitative index of estimating,Second,applying attribute education and rule to pick-up technology based on the core value of Rough Set to pick candidate bidders roughly.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Health and Obstetric Outcomes after Assisted Reproduction: A Survey from an Italian Fertility Center

Background: the restrictive measures that were adopted during three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on both the emotional state and lifestyle of the general population. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyles and emotional states of women planning assisted reproductive technology (ART), and whether these changes affected ART outcomes. Methods: quantitative research, using a web-based survey, was performed on 289 Caucasian women. Results: In preconception, we observed higher percentage of women with positive obstetric outcomes who reduced body weight (52.4% vs. 27.2%, p = 0.09). Over 60% of women with positive outcomes practiced physical activity vs. 47% of women with negative outcomes (p = 0.03), as well as having better quality of sleep (45% vs. 35%), and a more solid relationships with their partners (65.1% vs. 51.7%, p = 0.03). Women who increased their intake of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes (p < 0.05), according to the Mediterranean diet, showed positive outcomes. We observed that participants who experienced “very much” or “extreme” anxiety, sadness, and fear (p < 0.05) during pandemic were clearly more numerous in the group with negative pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: healthy lifestyle together with a positive emotional state in preconception can positively influence the obstetric outcomes after ART.
Reviews of the Meta-heuristic Algorithms for TSP

Traveling salesman problem(TSP) is the representation of a kind of combination optimization problems, possessing a strong engineering background and practical application value. However, there is no effective corresponding solution to it. Aim at that, the research and application of the most popular meta-heuristic methods such as ant colony algorithm, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, tabu search, hopfield neural network, particle swarm optimization and immune algorithm, etc. are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method and the improvement strategies are discussed. The future research direction and suggestion are also given.
The embodiment of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words: Evidence from late Chinese–English bilinguals

Although increasing studies have confirmed the distinction between emotion-label words (words directly label emotional states) and emotion-laden words (words evoke emotions through connotations), the existing evidence is inconclusive, and their embodiment is unknown. In the current study, the emotional categorization task was adopted to investigate whether these two types of emotion words are embodied by directly comparing how they are processed in individuals’ native language (L1) and the second language (L2) among late Chinese-English bilinguals. The results revealed that apart from L2 negative emotion-laden words, both types of emotion words in L1 and L2 produced significant emotion effects, with faster response times and/or higher accuracy rates. In addition, processing facilitation for emotion-label words over emotion-laden words was observed irrespective of language operation; a significant three-way interaction between the language, valence and emotion word type was noted. Taken together, this study suggested that the embodiment of emotion words is modulated by the emotion word type, and L2 negative emotion-laden words tend to be affectively disembodied. The disassociation between emotion-label and emotion-laden words is confirmed in both L1 and L2 and therefore, future emotion word research should take the emotion word type into account.
Variability of Antenna Signals From Dust Impacts

Electric field instruments carried by spacecraft (SC) are complementary to dedicated dust detectors by registering transient voltage perturbations caused by impact‐generated plasma. The signal waveform contains information about the interaction between the impact‐generated plasma cloud and the elements of SC‐antenna system. The variability of antenna signals from dust impacts has not yet been systematically characterized. A set of laboratory measurements are performed to characterize signal variations in response to SC parameters (bias voltage and antenna configuration) and impactor parameters (impact speed and composition). The measurements demonstrate that dipole antenna configurations are sensitive to dust impacts and that the detected signals vary with impact location. When dust impacts occur at low speeds, the antennas typically register smaller amplitudes and less characteristic impact signal shapes. In this case, impact event identification may be more challenging due to lower signal‐to‐noise ratios and/or more variable waveforms shapes, indicating the compound nature of nonfully developed impact‐generated plasmas. To investigate possible variations in the impacting materials, the measurements are carried out using two dust samples with different mass densities: iron and aluminum. No significant variations of the measured waveform or plasma parameters obtained from data analysis are observed between the two materials used.
Brightness unification based weighted fusion image mosaic algorithm

This paper presents a new image mosaic algorithm for the ghosting phenomenon in image merging of smart car security system.We initially extract characteristic points from an image with SURF algorithm.We then match them and transform the image.We eventually merge the overlap area with a nonlinear weighted fusion algorithm.We set less weights for the border of the overlap area,and greater weights for the center of the overlap area to achieve the smooth transition between two adjacent images.On the other hand,the overall brightness of a merged image will not be smooth if the brightness of the image is different.Brightness transform is achieved in color space lαβ by introduction of brightness unification process and space transform for an image.Simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively eliminate patchwork and ghosting and guarantee consistency of the brightness of an image.
Homotopy of exact coherent structures in plane shear flows

Three-dimensional steady states and traveling wave solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations are computed in plane Couette and Poiseuille flows with both free-slip and no-slip boundary conditions. They are calculated using Newton’s method by continuation of solutions that bifurcate from a two-dimensional streaky flow then by smooth transformation (homotopy) from Couette to Poiseuille flow and from free-slip to no-slip boundary conditions. The structural and statistical connections between these solutions and turbulent flows are illustrated. Parametric studies are performed and the parameters leading to the lowest onset Reynolds numbers are determined. In all cases, the lowest onset Reynolds number corresponds to spanwise periods of about 100 wall units. In particular, the rigid-free plane Poiseuille flow traveling wave arises at Reτ=44.2 for Lx+=273.7 and Lz+=105.5, in excellent agreement with observations of the streak spacing. A simple one-dimensional map is proposed to illustrate the possible nature of .
Size dependence of ordering in FePt nanoparticles

We have investigated the size effect of A1→L10 ordering of FePt nanoparticles in FePt–Al2O3 granular and FePt/SiO2 particulate films by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results have shown convincingly that ordering does not progress when the particle size has a diameter of less than 4 nm. Calculation of the order parameter profile from the surface to the volume of the FePt nanoparticles based on diffuse-interface theory justified the experimentally observed size dependence of the ordering. The transition length from disorder to order depends on the interfacial energy, hence the critical particle size of ordering should vary depending on the type of matrix and substrate.