Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building a Cloud File System

Cloud file systems must address challenges that are not addressed by traditional network or distributed file systems . These challenges mostly revolve around isolation, identity, and privacy, but also include features such as adaptability to frequent changes in demand for capacity or capability . In this article, I’ll elaborate on some of these challenges and describe how one project, CloudFS, attempts to address them .
The distribution of contractile cells in the apex of the preovulatory hamster follicle.

The apical regions of maturing hamster follicles were examined by electron microscopy at 14, 9, 5, and 3 h prior to expected ovulation. At all time periods, a discrete layer of smooth muscle cells was found within the theca externa of the maturing follicle. In addition, bundles and clusters of filaments were found in the surface epithelial cells of maturing hamster follicles throughout the preovulatory period. A contractile role in ovulation is suggested for both the smooth muscle and surface epithelial cells.
Adaptive internal impedance control for stable walking on uncertain visco-elastic terrains

This paper investigates how a walker could maintain the variability of an arbitrary set of state variables within desired margins while walking on an uncertain soft terrain. The state variables are dynamically related to the visco-elastic impedance parameters of the body on a given set of uncertain soft terrains using internal memory primitives. A rimless wheel, a walker in its simplest form, is used to perform numerical simulations based on analytical dynamic models and hardware experiments to test a novel algorithm. The rimless wheel model is widely used by the legged locomotion research community to understand basic collision and energetics during passive dynamic walking. Very often, variability of punctuated force perturbations across collisions between the legs and the ground cause uncertain steady state dynamics of walking. This leads to the existence of a finite probability that certain state variables can reach unstable regions. Such phenomenon is known as metastability of walking. In this case, we actuate the rimless wheel with a constant torque leaving it to develop any speed profile for a given visco-elastic impedance distribution of the ground and its own vertical visco-elastic impedance that pushes the rimless wheel against the ground. Here we measure the robustness of the novel algorithm by its ability to shift the distribution of collision forces to a safer region in order to minimize the probability of reaching a given critical force threshold. Our analysis shows that the generalization of the variability of walking in different regions of the internal and external visco-elastic impedance spaces can simplify the computational challenges of robust walking on uncertain visco-elastic terrains.
The H I Environment of Three Superbubbles in the Large Magellanic Cloud

The ambient interstellar environment of wind- and supernova-driven superbubbles strongly affects their evolution, but its properties are rarely well determined. We have therefore obtained H I aperture synthesis imaging of the environment around three similar optically selected superbubble nebulae in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The resulting H I maps show that the ambient gas distributions around these superbubbles differ to an extreme: DEM L25 shows no neutral shell component but is nestled within an H I hole; DEM L50 shows a massive neutral shell component but is otherwise within an H I void; and DEM L301 shows no correspondence at all between the optical nebula and H I distribution. There is also poor correspondence between the H I and optical kinematics. These results strongly caution against inferring properties of the ambient neutral environment of individual superbubbles without direct observations. Finally, all three objects show some evidence of shock activity.
A Novel Design and Simulation of a Compact and Ultra Fast CNTFET Multi-valued Inverter Using HSPICE

This paper presents a novel design of a compact multi-valued inverter circuit using Carbon Nanotube Field effect Transistor (CNTFET). All simulations are done by using HSPICE model of CNTFET. The novelty of this paper is by using only one circuit all multi-valued output can be achieved than using three different CNTFET circuits or complex band-gap reference circuits to produce each reference voltage for precise output in case of CMOS implementation which are previously done. Also the same design implementation using MOSFETs with different threshold mask would increase higher process cost. It is widely considered that CNTFET possesses high fabrication feasibility and superior device performance than MOSFET. The extensive simulated results and performance bench-marking of the proposed design also show a significant reduction in power delay product (PDP) which aids over 50% faster speed than typical multi-valued inverter. Hence with this uniquely new design it is possible to accomplish simplicity, energy efficiency and of course reducing the chip area in modern ultra low power VLSI circuits.
CD4+CD8+ human small intestinal T cells are decreased in coeliac patients, with CD8 expression downregulated on intra-epithelial T cells in the active disease

Background/objective The intestinal lesion of coeliac disease is thought to be initiated and exacerbated by dysregulation of local T-lymphocyte sub-populations. This study examines changes in intestinal T cells from coeliac patients, with a particular focus on CD4+CD8+ T cells, immunoregulatory cells normally found in relatively high proportions in the small intestine. Methods Cells were obtained from duodenal biopsies from active and treated coeliac patients using chelating and reducing agents (epithelial layer) followed by collagenase treatment (lamina propria). Cell yield and viability were assessed and flow cytometric analysis was used to examine CD4+CD8+ T cells and to quantify CD8 expression. Results Surprisingly, total T-cell yields in the epithelial layer did not increase in active coeliac disease although enterocyte counts decreased significantly, giving an appearance of infiltration. In active coeliac patients, CD4+CD8+ T cell percentages were significantly decreased in both the epithelial layer and lamina propria. Levels of CD8 expression by CD4+CD8+ T cells in the epithelial layer were decreased significantly in patients with active coeliac disease. CD4+CD8+ T cell proportions did not return to normal in treated coeliac patients whose villous architecture had responded to gluten withdrawal. Conclusions No increase of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in the coeliac lesion may require us to reconsider the definition of coeliac disease as an inflammatory condition. Low CD4+CD8+ populations in treated as well as untreated coeliac patients indicate that these T cells are inherently absent in individuals genetically predisposed to coeliac disease.
Investigation of the Effect of Sulfitolysis on the Functional Properties and Extrusion Performance of Whey Protein Concentrate

59 INTRODUCTION . 60 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 63 Materials . 63 Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis . 63 Extrusion of Expanded Snacks . 64 Average Air Cell Diameter . 65 Extrudate Density . 65 Breaking Strength and Expansion Ratio . 66 Moisture Determination . 66 Water Adsorption Index (WAI) and Water Solubility Index (WSI) . 67 Resolublized Protein and Soluble Carbohydrate . 67 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 68 Air Cell Diameter, Expansion Ration , Breaking Strength , and Density . 68 Moisture, WAI, WSI, Resolublized Protein , and Soluble Carbohydrate . 69 Correlation among Extrudate Propertie s . 75 Correlation Between WPC Functional Properti es and Expanded Extrudate Characteristics . 77 LITERATURE CITED . 81 IV . INFLUENCE OF SULFONATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF TEXTURED WHEY PROTEIN . 84 ABSTRACT . 84 INTRODUCTION . 85 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 87 Materials . 87 Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis . 87 Extrusion of Textured Whey Protein . 88 x Soluble Protein in Supernatant and Extrudate Stability . 89 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 90 Water Soluble Protein and Extrudate Stability . 90 Correlation Between WPC Functional Properties and Textured Extrudate Characteristics . 91 LITERATURE CITED . 92 V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 94 HYPOTHESIS . 94 OBJECTIVES . 94 CONCLUSIONS . 97 FUTURE RESEARCH . 98 APPENDICES . 100 APPENDIX A. ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAPTER II STATISTICAL ANALYSIS . 101 APPENDIX B. SDS-PAGE ANALYSIS OF SULFONATED WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATES . 103 APPENDIX C. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OVERVIEW AND DIAGRAM . 104 APPENDIX D. ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAPTER III STATISTICAL ANALYSIS . 105 APPENDIX E. EXTRUDER SCREW CONFIGURATION DIAGRAMS . 108 APPENDIX F. ANOV A TABLES FOR CHAPTER IV STATISTICAL ANALYSIS . 109 CURRICULUM VITAE . 110
Depression in patients with Huntington disease correlates with alterations of the brain stem raphe depicted by transcranial sonography.

BACKGROUND Transcranial sonography (TCS) has become a new diagnostic tool in the evaluation of extrapyramidal disorders. Studies of TCS report alterations of the mesencephalic raphe in patients with depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate TCS findings in patients with Huntington disease in correlation with their neurologic and psychiatric status. METHODS We recruited patients with genetically confirmed Huntington disease. The neurological and psychiatric status of participants was assessed by independent physicians. Echogenicities were investigated according to examination protocol for extrapyramidal disorders using a Siemens Sonoline Elegra system. The sonography examiner was blinded for clinical data. RESULTS We included 39 patients in our study; 21 patients (53.8%) showed symptoms of depression at the time of evaluation and, of those, 15 (71.4%) had hypoechogenic raphe structures. Thirty patients (76.9%) had a history of depressive episodes, 19 (63.3%) of them with hypoechogenic raphe structures. All 9 patients without a history of depressive episodes showed normal echogenicity of raphe structures (sensitivity 63.3%, specificity 100%). Twelve (70.6%) of the 17 patients with Huntington disease who showed psychiatric disturbances prior to the occurrence of motor symptoms exhibited pathological raphe echogenicity (sensitivity 70.6%, specificity 68.2%). LIMITATIONS Most of the patients were taking antichoreatic medication, which particularly influences neurologic status. Thus, a meaningful interpretation of the correlation between TCS findings and neurologic features was limited. CONCLUSION As a novel finding, a relation between mesencephalic raphe echogenicity and depressive state could be identified in patients with Huntington disease. An alteration of the serotonergic brain stem raphe might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression in these patients.
Space Lower Bounds for Itemset Frequency Sketches

Given a database, computing the fraction of rows that contain a query itemset or determining whether this fraction is above some threshold are fundamental operations in data mining. A uniform sample of rows is a good sketch of the database in the sense that all sufficiently frequent itemsets and their approximate frequencies are recoverable from the sample, and the sketch size is independent of the number of rows in the original database. For many seemingly similar problems there are better sketching algorithms than uniform sampling. In this paper we show that for itemset frequency sketching this is not the case. That is, we prove that there exist classes of databases for which uniform sampling is a space optimal sketch for approximate itemset frequency analysis, up to constant or iterated-logarithmic factors.
Feasible induction of coronary artery vasospasm occurred during cardiac catheterization in a microminipig

A 14 month-old intact microminipig, weighing 8 kg, showed ST-segment elevation in A-B lead electrocardiogram during cardiac catheterization followed by ventricular tachycardia, which degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. Although a direct current defibrillation of 360 J was applied, ventricular tachycardia re-occurred for another 2 times and the direct defibrillation was repeated. After returning to normal sinus rhythm, a marked ST-segment elevation was still observed on leads II, III and aVF together with a remarkable decrease in contractility of inferior wall. The heart was excised for precise macroscopic and histological examinations, but there was no dissection, embolus or thrombus in the coronary arteries. These findings suggest that right coronary artery vasospasm could have caused the ischemic attack, leading to lethal arrhythmias.
Permissive and Instructive Anterior Patterning Rely on mRNA Localization in the Wasp Embryo

The long-germ mode of embryogenesis, in which segments arise simultaneously along the anteriorposterior axis, has evolved several times in different lineages of the holometabolous, or fully metamorphosing, insects. Drosophila's long-germ fate map is established largely by the activity of the dipteran-specific Bicoid (Bcd) morphogen gradient, which operates both instructively and permissively to accomplish anterior patterning. By contrast, all nondipteran long-germ insects must achieve anterior patterning independently of bcd. We show that bcd's permissive function is mimicked in the wasp by a maternal repression system in which anterior localization of the wasp ortholog of giant represses anterior expression of the trunk gap genes so that head and thorax can properly form.
HamleDT 2.0: Thirty Dependency Treebanks Stanfordized

We present HamleDT 2.0 (HArmonized Multi-LanguagE Dependency Treebank). HamleDT 2.0 is a collection of 30 existing treebanks harmonized into a common annotation style, the Prague Dependencies, and further transformed into Stanford Dependencies, a treebank annotation style that became popular in recent years. We use the newest basic Universal Stanford Dependencies, without added language-specific subtypes. We describe both of the annotation styles, including adjustments that were necessary to make, and provide details about the conversion process. We also discuss the differences between the two styles, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages, and note the effects of the differences on the conversion. We regard the stanfordization as generally successful, although we admit several shortcomings, especially in the distinction between direct and indirect objects, that have to be addressed in future. We release part of HamleDT 2.0 freely; we are not allowed to redistribute the whole dataset, but we do provide the conversion pipeline.
Heterogeneous atrial wall thickness and stretch promote scroll waves anchoring during atrial fibrillation.

AIMS Atrial dilatation and myocardial stretch are strongly associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the mechanisms by which the three-dimensional (3D) atrial architecture and heterogeneous stretch contribute to AF perpetuation are incompletely understood. We compared AF dynamics during stretch-related AF (pressure: 12 cmH(2)O) in normal sheep hearts (n = 5) and in persistent AF (PtAF, n = 8)-remodelled hearts subjected to prolonged atrial tachypacing. We hypothesized that, in the presence of stretch, meandering 3D atrial scroll waves (ASWs) anchor in regions of large spatial gradients in wall thickness. METHODS AND RESULTS We implemented a high-resolution optical mapping set-up that enabled simultaneous epicardial- and endoscopy-guided endocardial recordings of the intact atria in Langendorff-perfused normal and PtAF (AF duration: 21.3 ± 11.9 days) hearts. The numbers and lifespan of long-lasting ASWs (>3 rotations) were greater in PtAF than normal (lifespan 0.9 ± 0.5 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 s/(3 s of AF), P< 0.05). Than normal hearts, focal breakthroughs interacted with ASWs at the posterior left atrium and left atrial appendage to maintain AF. In PtAF hearts, ASW filaments seemed to span the atrial wall from endocardium to epicardium. Numerical simulations using 3D atrial geometries (Courtemanche-Ramirez-Nattel human atrial model) predicted that, similar to experiments, filaments of meandering ASWs stabilized at locations with large gradients in myocardial thickness. Moreover, simulations predicted that ionic remodelling and heterogeneous distribution of stretch-activated channel conductances contributed to filament stabilization. CONCLUSION The heterogeneous atrial wall thickness and atrial stretch, together with ionic and anatomic remodelling caused by AF, are the main factors allowing ASW and AF maintenance.
Long Term Cluster-Based Channel Envelope and Phase Prediction for Dynamic Link Adaptation

A new cluster-based channel envelope and phase predictor is proposed for dynamic link adaptation in broadband wireless systems, based on our observation that each Multipath Cluster (MC) has its own variation characteristics, which can be identified and traced precisely. The proposed predictor consists of a channel envelope predictor and a phase slope detector. The performance of the proposed channel predictor has been verified through numerical simulations and field test measurement data. At a channel SNR of 6.05 dB and a prediction range of 240 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, the obtained normalized mean square error is less than -20 dB.
Behavioral Functionality of Mobile Apps in Health Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background Several thousand mobile phone apps are available to download to mobile phones for health and fitness. Mobile phones may provide a unique means of administering health interventions to populations. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to systematically search and describe the literature on mobile apps used in health behavior interventions, describe the behavioral features and focus of health apps, and to evaluate the potential of apps to disseminate health behavior interventions. Methods We conducted a review of the literature in September 2014 using key search terms in several relevant scientific journal databases. Only English articles pertaining to health interventions using mobile phone apps were included in the final sample. Results The 24 studies identified for this review were primarily feasibility and pilot studies of mobile apps with small sample sizes. All studies were informed by behavioral theories or strategies, with self-monitoring as the most common construct. Acceptability of mobile phone apps was high among mobile phone users. Conclusions The lack of large sample studies using mobile phone apps may signal a need for additional studies on the potential use of mobile apps to assist individuals in changing their health behaviors. Of these studies, there is early evidence that apps are well received by users. Based on available research, mobile apps may be considered a feasible and acceptable means of administering health interventions, but a greater number of studies and more rigorous research and evaluations are needed to determine efficacy and establish evidence for best practices.
The Effects of Transcranial Stimulation on Paretic Lower Limb Motor Excitability During Walking

Abstract: Balanced transcallosal inhibition sustains symmetrical corticomotor excitability and assists the performance of bimanual voluntary movements. After stroke, transcallosal inhibition becomes asymmetric. This finding raised the notion that reducing poststroke asymmetry in transcallosal inhibition might prime the motor system before training and lead to improvements in walking recovery. In this study, we examined three neuromodulatory protocols applied during walking to determine if they could increase ipsilesional and decrease contralesional motor excitability in patients with chronic stroke. Inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and inhibitory paired associative stimulation were applied to the contralesional motor system, and facilitatory anodal transcranial direct current stimulation was applied to the ipsilesional motor system. We tested the bilateral modulatory effects of each stimulation protocol on the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstrings, and vastus lateralis of nine patients with chronic stroke. All stimulation protocols increased paretic limb and decreased nonparetic limb motor excitability. There was no statistical difference in the extent of modulation between these stimulation protocols. This result suggests these three protocols are promising candidate priming mechanisms for testing the hypothesis in a future study that reducing the poststroke asymmetry of between-hemisphere motor excitability will enhance the effect of gait therapy.
Device Selection Criteria--Based on Loss Modeling and Figure of Merit

Device Selection Criteria ---Based on Loss Modeling and Figure of Merit Yucheng Ying (ABSTRACT) With the increasing speed of the microprocessor and its rapidly increasing demand for power, determining how to power the microprocessors for our computers becomes an important issue. So far, industry has been struggling to operate the VR/VRM at higher and higher switching frequencies while maintaining acceptable power conversion efficiency. As a consequence, the power switches used in the VR/VRM must be able to work efficiently at a higher switching frequency and with a higher current density. To evaluate the performance of the MOSFET for this low-output-voltage, high-current and high-switching-frequency application, a prevalent criterion, the Figure-of-Merit (FOM), is being widely adopted for determining the top switch of the buck converter in the VR/VRM. By comparing the FOMs of different devices, the device with the lowest FOM value should have the best performance and lead to the lowest loss for this device in the circuit. Qgd*Rdson is a widely accepted and widely used FOM for power devices. Due to the lack of accuracy of the power loss model, this FOM is no longer suitable for VRM applications. Furthermore, the question of how to use this FOM to select the right device for different application is another important issue. This work presents an investigation of a new Figure-of-Merit based on a more accurate loss model, which includes the factor of Qgs2, the gate-driving voltage and the packaging parasitics. Furthermore, a simple method is proposed to select the right device and gatedriving voltage for different circuit conditions. A new simple and accurate closeform model for device loss with packing parasitics is derived. This model can provide more
Up from Limited Dialog Systems!

In the last two decades, information-seeking spoken dialog systems (SDS) have moved from research prototypes to real-life commercial applications. Still, dialog systems are limited by the scale, complexity of the task and coverage of knowledge required by problem-solving machines or mobile personal assistants. Future spoken interaction are required to be multilingual, understand and act on large scale knowledge bases in all its forms (from structured to unstructured). The Web research community have striven to build large scale and open multilingual resources (e.g. Wikipedia) and knowledge bases (e.g. Yago). We argue that a) it is crucial to leverage this massive amount of Web lightly structured knowledge and b) the scale issue can be addressed collaboratively and design open standards to make tools and resources available to the whole speech and language community.