Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Performance Analysis in the One-Way Full Duplex Relaying Network

Nowadays, the using of redundant energy in the environment and protecting the earth opposing the global climate change is emerged as a urgent measure drawing the majority of people in the world. Among of them, the energy harvesting protocol is a highlight attracting the concerning of many projects as well as the study of many scientists specially in wireless communication field. This paper mentions the energy harvesting structure of the full duplex relaying systems. By employing the time switching based relaying (TSR) protocol and Amplify-and-Forward (AF) model, we advance the closed-form expression of the outage probability and then calculate the optimal throughput. An essential result can be found observably that the noise factor, the time fraction, the target ratio as well as the position of relay in TSR affect on the optimal throughput. After at all, the numerical results imply an effective relaying plan in full duplex cooperation systems.
Generation of Tandem Direct Duplications by Reversed-Ends Transposition of Maize Ac Elements

Tandem direct duplications are a common feature of the genomes of eukaryotes ranging from yeast to human, where they comprise a significant fraction of copy number variations. The prevailing model for the formation of tandem direct duplications is non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Here we report the isolation of a series of duplications and reciprocal deletions isolated de novo from a maize allele containing two Class II Ac/Ds transposons. The duplication/deletion structures suggest that they were generated by alternative transposition reactions involving the termini of two nearby transposable elements. The deletion/duplication breakpoint junctions contain 8 bp target site duplications characteristic of Ac/Ds transposition events, confirming their formation directly by an alternative transposition mechanism. Tandem direct duplications and reciprocal deletions were generated at a relatively high frequency (∼0.5 to 1%) in the materials examined here in which transposons are positioned nearby each other in appropriate orientation; frequencies would likely be much lower in other genotypes. To test whether this mechanism may have contributed to maize genome evolution, we analyzed sequences flanking Ac/Ds and other hAT family transposons and identified three small tandem direct duplications with the structural features predicted by the alternative transposition mechanism. Together these results show that some class II transposons are capable of directly inducing tandem sequence duplications, and that this activity has contributed to the evolution of the maize genome.
Split-Doa10: A Naturally Split Polytopic Eukaryotic Membrane Protein Generated by Fission of a Nuclear Gene

Large polytopic membrane proteins often derive from duplication and fusion of genes for smaller proteins. The reverse process, splitting of a membrane protein by gene fission, is rare and has been studied mainly with artificially split proteins. Fragments of a split membrane protein may associate and reconstitute the function of the larger protein. Most examples of naturally split membrane proteins are from bacteria or eukaryotic organelles, and their exact history is usually poorly understood. Here, we describe a nuclear-encoded split membrane protein, split-Doa10, in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. In most species, Doa10 is encoded as a single polypeptide with 12–16 transmembrane helices (TMs), but split-KlDoa10 is encoded as two fragments, with the split occurring between TM2 and TM3. The two fragments assemble into an active ubiquitin-protein ligase. The K. lactis DOA10 locus has two ORFs separated by a 508-bp intervening sequence (IVS). A promoter within the IVS drives expression of the C-terminal KlDoa10 fragment. At least four additional Kluyveromyces species contain an IVS in the DOA10 locus, in contrast to even closely related genera, allowing dating of the fission event to the base of the genus. The upstream Kluyveromyces Doa10 fragment with its N-terminal RING-CH and two TMs resembles many metazoan MARCH (Membrane-Associated RING-CH) and related viral RING-CH proteins, suggesting that gene splitting may have contributed to MARCH enzyme diversification. Split-Doa10 is the first unequivocal case of a split membrane protein where fission occurred in a nuclear-encoded gene. Such a split may allow divergent functions for the individual protein segments.
Nihilism in the 1990s: the true mortality of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

OBJECTIVE Reported survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) fails to allow for case selection bias. This study reports the incidence of CDH in a geographically defined population over 11 years and assesses the effect of new therapies (high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, inhaled nitric oxide, and delayed surgery) on survival when case selection is avoided. METHODS A retrospective review of cases from a regional case registry, the Northern Region Congenital Anomaly Survey, was conducted. RESULTS A total of 185 cases were identified. Mortality was 62% and did not vary significantly during the study period. Mortality was unaffected by the introduction of new therapies. There was a significant inverse correlation between the rate of elective termination and survival of live borns. The presence of an additional anomaly increased mortality to 79%. CONCLUSIONS The mortality of CDH when complete case ascertainment is achieved is unaffected by new therapies. The survival rate is principally determined by the rate of antenatal termination and the incidence of associated anomalies. Reports of improved survival of CDH should be interpreted with caution, as variations in outcome are more likely to be explained by case selection artifact.
Malpractice risk according to physician specialty.

BACKGROUND Data are lacking on the proportion of physicians who face malpractice claims in a year, the size of those claims, and the cumulative career malpractice risk according to specialty. METHODS We analyzed malpractice data from 1991 through 2005 for all physicians who were covered by a large professional liability insurer with a nationwide client base (40,916 physicians and 233,738 physician-years of coverage). For 25 specialties, we reported the proportion of physicians who had malpractice claims in a year, the proportion of claims leading to an indemnity payment (compensation paid to a plaintiff), and the size of indemnity payments. We estimated the cumulative risk of ever being sued among physicians in high- and low-risk specialties. RESULTS Each year during the study period, 7.4% of all physicians had a malpractice claim, with 1.6% having a claim leading to a payment (i.e., 78% of all claims did not result in payments to claimants). The proportion of physicians facing a claim each year ranged from 19.1% in neurosurgery, 18.9% in thoracic-cardiovascular surgery, and 15.3% in general surgery to 5.2% in family medicine, 3.1% in pediatrics, and 2.6% in psychiatry. The mean indemnity payment was $274,887, and the median was $111,749. Mean payments ranged from $117,832 for dermatology to $520,923 for pediatrics. It was estimated that by the age of 65 years, 75% of physicians in low-risk specialties had faced a malpractice claim, as compared with 99% of physicians in high-risk specialties. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial variation in the likelihood of malpractice suits and the size of indemnity payments across specialties. The cumulative risk of facing a malpractice claim is high in all specialties, although most claims do not lead to payments to plaintiffs. (Funded by the RAND Institute for Civil Justice and the National Institute on Aging.).
Innovative Dental Stem Cell-Based Research Approaches: The Future of Dentistry

Over the past decade, the dental field has benefited from recent findings in stem cell biology and tissue engineering that led to the elaboration of novel ideas and concepts for the regeneration of dental tissues or entire new teeth. In particular, stem cell-based regenerative approaches are extremely promising since they aim at the full restoration of lost or damaged tissues, ensuring thus their functionality. These therapeutic approaches are already applied with success in clinics for the regeneration of other organs and consist of manipulation of stem cells and their administration to patients. Stem cells have the potential to self-renew and to give rise to a variety of cell types that ensure tissue repair and regeneration throughout life. During the last decades, several adult stem cell populations have been isolated from dental and periodontal tissues, characterized, and tested for their potential applications in regenerative dentistry. Here we briefly present the various stem cell-based treatment approaches and strategies that could be translated in dental practice and revolutionize dentistry.
The use of the DES in studying treatment outcome with dissociative identity disorder: A pilot study.

Byeong Moo Choe, M.D., is Associate Professor of Psychiatry at the Dong-A University College of Medicine, in Pusan, Republic of Korea. During the period of this research he was a Visiting Psychiatrist at The Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Richard P. Kluft, M.D., is Director of the Dissociative Disorders Program at The Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Temple University School of Medicine, both in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
A Single-Amino-Acid Substitution in a Polymerase Protein of an H5N1 Influenza Virus Is Associated with Systemic Infection and Impaired T-Cell Activation in Mice

ABSTRACT The transmission of H5N1 influenza viruses from birds to humans poses a significant public health threat. A substitution of glutamic acid for lysine at position 627 of the PB2 protein of H5N1 viruses has been identified as a virulence determinant. We utilized the BALB/c mouse model of H5N1 infection to examine how this substitution affects virus-host interactions and leads to systemic infection. Mice infected with H5N1 viruses containing lysine at amino acid 627 in the PB2 protein exhibited an increased severity of lesions in the lung parenchyma and the spleen, increased apoptosis in the lungs, and a decrease in oxygen saturation. Gene expression profiling revealed that T-cell receptor activation was impaired at 2 days postinfection (dpi) in the lungs of mice infected with these viruses. The inflammatory response was highly activated in the lungs of mice infected with these viruses and was sustained at 4 dpi. In the spleen, immune-related processes including NK cell cytotoxicity and antigen presentation were highly activated by 2 dpi. These differences are not attributable solely to differences in viral replication in the lungs but to an inefficient immune response early in infection as well. The timing and magnitude of the immune response to highly pathogenic influenza viruses is critical in determining the outcome of infection. The disruption of these factors by a single-amino-acid substitution in a polymerase protein of an influenza virus is associated with severe disease and correlates with the spread of the virus to extrapulmonary sites.
SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOSENSITIZING ACTIVITY OF A DI‐PORPHYRIN ETHER

AbstractA simple, well characterized porphyrin dimer with ether linkage was synthesized from 2‐ (1‐hydroxyethyl)deuteroporphyrin dimethyl ester and found to be an effective in vivo photosensitizer in the murine SMT‐F tumor system. The structure of the pure dimer was confirmed by NMR and mass spectroscopy.
Alcohol health promotion via mass media: The evidence on (in)effectiveness

Introduction Mass media health promotion campaigns are used to educate the public about alcohol issues with the aim of influencing individuals to change their drinking behaviour. Campaigns usually focus on issues and causal factors identified from broad population data and aim messages to broad general or youth audiences. They are often about things like responsible drinking and the risks of drink driving but can also provide information, such as what a standard drink is, or raise awareness about alcohol laws.
Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J in Layer Flocks in China

ABSTRACT Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) was first isolated from meat-type chickens in 1988. No field cases of ALV-J infection or tumors in layer chickens were observed worldwide until 2004. However, layer flocks in China have experienced outbreaks of this virus in recent years. The molecular epidemiology of ALV-J strains isolated from layer flocks was investigated. The env genes of 77.8% (21/27) of the ALV-J layer isolates with a high degree of genetic variation were significantly different from the env genes of the prototype strain of ALV-J (HPRS-103) and American and Chinese strains from meat-type chickens (designated ALV-J broiler isolates). A total of 205 nucleotides were deleted from the 3′ untranslated region of 89.5% (17/19) of the ALV-J layer isolates. Approximately 94.7% (16/17) of the layer isolates contained a complete E element of 146 to 149 residues. The U3 sequences of 84.2% (16/19) of the ALV-J layer isolates displayed less than 92.5% sequence homology to those of the ALV-J broiler isolates, although the transcriptional regulatory elements that are typical of avian retroviruses were highly conserved. Several unique nucleotide substitutions in the env gene, the U3 region, and the E element of most of the ALV-J layer isolates were detected. These results suggested that the env gene, E element, and U3 region in the ALV-J layer isolates have evolved rapidly and were significantly different from those of the ALV-J broiler isolates. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of layer tumor diseases induced by ALV-J.
Enterococcus spp. in endodontically treated teeth with and without periradicular lesions.

The purpose of this study was to determine if Enterococcus spp. are more prevalent in endodontically treated teeth with periradicular lesions compared with teeth that require retreatment but have no periradicular rarefaction. Fifty-eight teeth that had received root canal therapy more than 1 yr previously and required retreatment were included. Designation of lesion versus no lesion was determined by two experienced endodontists. DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed using ubiquitous 16S rDNA bacterial primers, as well as Enterococcus spp. -specific primers. The results showed that the overall prevalence of bacteria was 90% and Enterococcus spp. was 12%. chi analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the presence of a lesion and the presence of bacteria, as detected by the universal primers (p = 0.032). Using logistic regression, a statistically significant relationship was found between teeth with normal periapex and the presence of Enterococcus spp. (p = 0.023). This study revealed that bacteria are significantly associated with endodontic treatment failure but enterococci are not associated with disease.
Crystal Structure of T-protein of the Glycine Cleavage System

The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glycine in bacteria and in mitochondria of animals and plants. Its deficiency in human causes nonketotic hyperglycinemia, an inborn error of glycine metabolism. T-protein, one of the four componentsoftheglycinecleavagesystem,isatetrahydrofolatedependent aminomethyltransferase. It catalyzes the transfer of the methylene carbon unit to tetrahydrofolate from the methylamine group covalently attached to the lipoamide arm of H-protein. To gain insight into the T-protein function at the molecular level, we have determined the first crystal structure of T-protein from Thermotoga maritima by the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction method of x-ray crystallography and refined four structures: the apoform; the tetrahydrofolate complex; the folinic acid complex; and the lipoic acid complex. The overall fold of T-protein is similar to that of the C-terminal tetrahydrofolate-binding region (residues 421–830) of Arthrobacter globiformis dimethylglycine oxidase. Tetrahydrofolate (or folinic acid) is bound near the center of the tripartite T-protein. Lipoic acid is bound adjacent to the tetrahydrofolate binding pocket, thus defining the interaction surface for H-protein binding. A homology model of the human T-protein provides the structural framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of nonketotic hyperglycinemia due to missense mutations of the human T-protein.
RNA Helicase Signaling Is Critical for Type I Interferon Production and Protection against Rift Valley Fever Virus during Mucosal Challenge

ABSTRACT Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging RNA virus with devastating economic and social consequences. Clinically, RVFV induces a gamut of symptoms ranging from febrile illness to retinitis, hepatic necrosis, hemorrhagic fever, and death. It is known that type I interferon (IFN) responses can be protective against severe pathology; however, it is unknown which innate immune receptor pathways are crucial for mounting this response. Using both in vitro assays and in vivo mucosal mouse challenge, we demonstrate here that RNA helicases are critical for IFN production by immune cells and that signaling through the helicase adaptor molecule MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling) is protective against mortality and more subtle pathology during RVFV infection. In addition, we demonstrate that Toll-like-receptor-mediated signaling is not involved in IFN production, further emphasizing the importance of the RNA cellular helicases in type I IFN responses to RVFV.
Working with culture: culturally appropriate mental health care for Asian Americans.

AIM The aim of this study is to describe how mental healthcare providers adapted their practice to meet the unique needs of Asian Americans. BACKGROUND As the number of ethnic minorities and multicultural patients and families rapidly increases, cultural competency becomes an essential skill for all healthcare providers. The lack of knowledge about how healthcare providers grapple with diverse cultures and cultural competency limits the ability of others to deliver patient-centred care across cultural lines. METHODS Interpretive phenomenology guided the design and conduct of this study. Twenty mental healthcare providers who treated Asian Americans were recruited. Narrative data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth interviews between 2006 and 2007. RESULTS/FINDINGS Three characteristics of culturally appropriate care for Asian Americans were identified. Cultural brokering: providers addressed issues stemming from cultural differences via bicultural skills education. Asian American patients generally received broader education than current literature recommended. Supporting families in transition: providers assisted Asian American families during transition from and to professional care. Using cultural knowledge to enhance competent care: providers' knowledge of Asian culture and flexible attitudes affected the care that they provided. Culturally competent providers were able to identify cultural issues that were relevant to the specific situation, and incorporated cultural solutions into the care provided. CONCLUSION Culturally appropriate care is nuanced and context specific. Thus, more sophisticated and broader conceptualizations are necessary to prepare nurses for such complex practice.
Temporal-specific roles of fractality in EEG signal of Alzheimer's disease

A growing number of nonlinear EEG studies have elucidated the reduced fractality in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite the importance of studying EEG dynamics within physiologically relevant frequency ranges, far fewer studies have explored temporal-dependent fractal properties in AD. This study was aimed at assessing the temporal-scale specific fractal properties in AD using Higuchi's fractal algorithm. As a result, we found both enhanced and reduced fractality in a temporal-scale relevant manner. Our findings suggest that investigating temporal specific fractal properties in EEG might serve as a useful approach for characterizing neural basis of AD.
Genome-wide scans for footprints of natural selection

Detecting recent selected ‘genomic footprints’ applies directly to the discovery of disease genes and in the imputation of the formative events that molded modern population genetic structure. The imprints of historic selection/adaptation episodes left in human and animal genomes allow one to interpret modern and ancestral gene origins and modifications. Current approaches to reveal selected regions applied in genome-wide selection scans (GWSSs) fall into eight principal categories: (I) phylogenetic footprinting, (II) detecting increased rates of functional mutations, (III) evaluating divergence versus polymorphism, (IV) detecting extended segments of linkage disequilibrium, (V) evaluating local reduction in genetic variation, (VI) detecting changes in the shape of the frequency distribution (spectrum) of genetic variation, (VII) assessing differentiating between populations (FST), and (VIII) detecting excess or decrease in admixture contribution from one population. Here, we review and compare these approaches using available human genome-wide datasets to provide independent verification (or not) of regions found by different methods and using different populations. The lessons learned from GWSSs will be applied to identify genome signatures of historic selective pressures on genes and gene regions in other species with emerging genome sequences. This would offer considerable potential for genome annotation in functional, developmental and evolutionary contexts.
Upregulation of estradiol C16 alpha-hydroxylation in human breast tissue: a potential biomarker of breast cancer risk.

BACKGROUND The biotransformation of the natural estrogen 17 beta-estradiol (E2) via the C16 alpha-hydroxylation pathway is elevated in patients with breast cancer, in subjects at increased risk for developing breast cancer, and in c-Ha-ras-initiated mouse mammary epithelial cells. PURPOSE To determine whether differences in the extent of E2 C16 alpha-hydroxylation are related to the risk of developing breast cancer, we examined the extent of biotransformation of E2 via the C16 alpha-hydroxylation pathway in the mammary terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs), epithelial organoids that are a presumptive target site of human breast carcinogenesis, and in nontarget component mammary fat tissue. METHODS Noninvolved mammary tissue was obtained from four patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty and from four undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer. A radiometric assay that measures 3H2O formation caused by stoichiometric 3H exchange from [C16 alpha-3H]E2 was utilized to compare the relative extent of C16 alpha-hydroxylation in explant cultures of TDLUs and mammary fat. RESULTS The extent of E2 C16 alpha-hydroxylation was 1.83-fold higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.71-1.97) in the TDLUs from reduction mammoplasty (i.e., "low-risk") patients and 7.96-fold higher (95% CI = 6.38-10.55) in the TDLUs from mastectomy (i.e., "high-risk") patients than in the corresponding values observed in the mammary fat. In the TDLUs obtained from the patients undergoing mastectomy for cancer, the extent of this metabolism was 4.56-fold higher (95% CI = 3.97-5.33) than that observed in TDLUs obtained from reduction mammoplasty patients who did not have cancer. CONCLUSION The increase in the extent of C16 alpha-hydroxylation of E2 in the epithelial organoids of the human breast, TDLUs in particular, may be an important factor for breast cancer induction. This upregulation may represent an endocrine biomarker for the risk of developing breast cancer. IMPLICATION A larger prospective study is required to confirm the clinical significance of this endocrine biomarker.