Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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A New Data Hiding Method in Binary Images

This paper proposes a new method to embed watermark in binary images. The given binary image is partitioned into two level blocks, and the watermark will be embedded into the sub-blocks based on the parity of characteristic values. The method is very efficient especially when applied to those binary images whose black and white pixels are distributed approximately uniformly. The experimental results show that the method only requires fewer operations and it can embed more watermarks. Embedding two bits information in a 4times4 block needs to change only one and a half pixels on average
The relationship between income and food insecurity among Oregon residents: does social support matter?

Abstract Objective Millions of US households experienced food insecurity in 2005. Research indicates that low wages and little social support contribute to food insecurity. The present study aimed to examine whether social support moderates the relationship between income and food insecurity. Design Using a mail survey, we collected data on social support sources (social network, intimate partner and community) and social support functions from a social network (instrumental, informational and emotional). We used hierarchical logistic regression to examine the potential moderation of various measures of social support on the relationship between income and food insecurity, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Setting Oregon, USA. Subjects A stratified random sample of Oregonians aged 18–64 years (n 343). Results We found no evidence of an association between social support and food insecurity, nor any evidence that social support acts as a moderator between income and food insecurity, regardless of the measure of social support used. Conclusions Although previous research suggested that social support could offset the negative impact of low income on food security, our study did not find support for such an effect.
Bracket notation for the “coefficient of” operator

When $G(z)$ is a power series in $z$, many authors now write `$[z^n] G(z)$' for the coefficient of $z^n$ in $G(z)$, using a notation introduced by Goulden and Jackson in [\GJ, p. 1]. More controversial, however, is the proposal of the same authors [\GJ, p. 160] to let `$[z^n/n! ] G(z)$' denote the coefficient of $z^n/n! $, i.e., $n! $ times the coefficient of $z^n$. An alternative generalization of $[z^n] G(z)$, in which we define $[F(z)] G(z)$ to be a linear function of both $F$ and $G$, seems to be more useful because it facilitates algebraic manipulations. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the properties of such a definition. The remarks are dedicated to Tony Hoare because of his lifelong interest in the improvement of notations that facilitate manipulation.
Relational Investing and Firm Performance

A substantial academic and popular literature argues that the performance of American corporations might improve if American corporations had long-term outside investors (relational investors) who would hold large stakes, actively monitor management performance, and engage with management in setting corporate policy. Institutional investors can perhaps play this role. We provide the first large-scale test of the hypothesis that relational investing can affect corporate performance. We consider ownership and performance data for more than 1,500 large U.S. companies over a thirteen-year period (1983-95). Our results provide a mixed answer to the question of whether relational investing affects corporate performance. Our data suggest that there was a period in the late 1980s - a period with a high level of hostile takeover activity - when the presence of a relational investor was associated with higher stock market returns. This cohort of relational investors may have been able to induce corporate restructuring, whose principal effect was to reduce growth rates while improving profitability. But this pattern was not found in the early 1980s, or repeated in the early 1990s.
Evaluating community engagement: lessons for an Australian regional university

Community engagement, along with personal fulfilment and economic resilience, is an integral element of lifelong learning (Global Learning Services, 2001). This paper reports the processes and outcomes of a collaborative community engagement research project undertaken by university researchers, and local and state government and community partners that provides a testing ground for the principles and practices of regional and community engagement, lifelong learning and e-democracy in a rural community context. The purpose of the research project was to evaluate the Granite Belt Community Engagement Network (GBCEN) Project being conducted as part of Stanthorpe’s Learning Community initiative by the Stanthorpe Shire Council and the Granite Belt LEARNERS Group during July-December 2006. The evaluation utilised a participatory action research (PAR) approach to evaluation designed to foster as well as measure effective community engagement practices. The paper reports the evaluation findings in terms of the perceived benefits, limitations and challenges of using e-democracy for improving local government community engagement, and the potential for utilising school and community leaders, networks and interactional infrastructure to enhance lifelong learning and community engagement in rural and regional communities. Drawing on applications of social capital theory in rural and regional communities in Australia, lifelong and transformative learning theory and community engagement research, the paper also discusses implications of the evaluation processes and outcomes for the enhancement of university regional and community engagement through collaborative research and evaluation projects that build ‘bridging and linking ties’ between formal educational institutions and situated, informal and non-formal learning that occurs in communities and organisations. The paper goes on to make recommendations for enhancing the relevance of research and scholarship in a regional university to the needs of the communities it serves.
Price Deflators for High Technology Goods and the New Buyer Problem

Some items in a household’s market basket, notably durable goods, are purchased only occasionally. In contrast, standard price measures implicitly assume that consumers purchase some amount of every available good in every period. The occasional purchase of an existing good by a new buyer generates a “new buyer” problem that is similar to the traditional “new goods” problem generated by the entry of new goods. This paper uses an idea introduced by Fisher and Griliches (1995) and Griliches and Cockburn (1995) to develop price indexes for goods that are not purchased in each period. A comparison of the resulting price indexes with those calculated under the standard assumption suggests that the sharp declines typically exhibited by price indexes for many high technology goods may be overstated. However, it is impossible to make any definitive statements about the numerical magnitude of this potential problem. These preliminary findings simply underscore the importance of further research to study this problem for high tech goods and to explore the possibility that similar problems may arise for other durable goods.
Color image segmentation using Kekre's fast codebook generation algorithm based on energy ordering concept

In this paper we introduce segmentation approach which uses fast codebook generation algorithm based on energy ordering concept. It is specifically designed to segment low-altitude aerial images which can be used as a preprocessing step to 3D reconstruction. This approach uses color similarity and volume difference criteria to merge adjacent regions. Experiments performed with real aerial images of varied nature demonstrate that this approach does not result in over segmentation or under segmentation allowing large-scale urban scenes to be segmented in an accurate, reliable and fully automatic way. The vector quantization seems to give far better results as compared to conventional on-the-fly watershed algorithm.
Characterization of the Evolution of Integrated Circuit Emissions after Accelerated Aging

With the evolving technological development of integrated circuits, ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is becoming a serious challenge for electroni c circuit and system manufacturers. Although electronic components must pass a set of EMC tests to ensure safe operations, the e volution over time of EMC is not characterized and cannot be accurately forecast. This paper presents an original study abo ut the consequences of the aging of circuits on electromag netic emissions. Different types of standard applicative and accelerated-life tests are applied on a mixed power circuit dedicated to automotive applications. Its conducted emissions are measured before and after these tests, showing vari ations in EMC performance. Comparisons between each type of aging procedure show that the emission level of the circuit under t est is affected differently.
Memristor-Based (ReRAM) Data Memory Architecture in ASIP Design

Recently, multiple non-volatile emerging memories (NVMs) have been proposed and show promising properties to replace SRAM-based memories in future SoCs. However, these new emerging memories, such as STT-MRAM and ReRAM, provide new challenges for the processor design e.g. larger write latencies, higher power and lower endurance. In this paper, we propose a design method for memristor-based (ReRAM) memory architectures for embedded processors to address the effects caused by longer write latencies. We evaluate this method and present the design space for using ReRAM in the data memory of an wireless base band processor. We propose architectural solutions for concealing the slow write speed of ReRAM and show their trade-offs in terms of performance with respect to different write latencies. We show that for single benchmarks the performance penalty caused by the ReRAM write latency can be reduced to 7% for the complete wireless communication benchmark suite. Morevoer, for single benchmarks the performance penalty can be eliminated completely.
Visual Attention Driven Image to Video Transmoding

Nowadays, the heterogeneity of networks, terminals, and users is growing. At the same time, the availability and usage of multimedia content is increasing, which has raised the relevance of content adaptation technologies able to fulfill the needs associated to all usage conditions. For example, mobile displays tend to be too small to allow one to see all the details of an image. In this report, a solution for this problem is proposed: an automatic adaptation system, that uses visual attention models, creates a video clip that browses through the image displaying its regions of interest in detail. This paper describes the architecture developed for the adaptation system, the processing solutions and also the principles and reasoning behind the algorithms that have been developed and implemented to achieve the objective of this work. In order to evaluate the performance of the adaptation system, a user study has been conducted. The results of the study are encouraging, since they indicate that users consider the quality of the experience provided by the video clips to be better than the still image experience.
Improving Precise Information Retrieval Using Explanations

This work is related with the set of search technologies whose efforts are directed towards precise information retrieval, an interesting problem for medium-sized knowledge bases. It uses a decision tree based approach to provide an explanation of the reasoning used by the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) system to arrive at precise results for the provided queries. An interactive feedback from the user is used for enhancing the speed of learning precise answers. Elementary experimental analysis confirms the belief that the approach can be a good supplementary module for boosting the learning curves of the existing search technologies directed towards precise information retrieval.
Humming Method for Content-Based Music Information Retrieval

In this paper a humming method for music information retrieval is presented. The system uses a database with real songs and does not need another type of symbolic representation of them. The system employs an original fingerprint based on chroma vectors to characterize the humming and the references songs. With this fingerprint, it is possible to get the hummed songs without needed of transcription of the notes of the humming or of the songs. The system showed a good performance on Pop/Rock and Spanish folk music.
Managing programming contests with Mooshak

This paper presents a new web-based system Mooshak aiming to behave as a full contest manager as well as an automatic judge for programming contests. Mooshak innovates in a number of aspects: it has a scalable architecture that can be used from small single server contests to complex multi-site contests with simultaneous public online contests and redundancy; it has a roboust data management system favoring simple procedures for storing, replicating, backing up data and failure recovery using persistent objects; it has automatic judging capabilities to assist human judges in the evaluation of programs; it has builtin safety measures to prevent users from interfering with the normal progress of contests. Mooshak is an open system implemented on the Linux operating system using the Apache HTTP server and the Tcl scripting language. This paper starts by describing the main features of the system and its architecture with reference to the automated judging, data management based on the replication of persistent objects over a network. Finally, we describe our recent experience using this system for managing two official programming contests.
Setting the Stage for a Successful ITIL Adoption: A Delphi Study of IT Experts in the Norwegian Armed Forces

There is a growing interest in businesses around the world when it comes to professionalize IT operation by implementing process-based frameworks built on best practices. There are, however, indications that firms in general find the concept of ITIL challenging, and that many firms are confused about how to implement ITIL successfully. This research has studied what are the most important factors for the successful adoption of ITIL, and bases its results and conclusions on a study in which a ranking-type approach to the Delphi method has been conducted in the Norwegian Armed Forces. A panel of experts on the adoption of ITIL has participated through the method three phases: brainstorming, reduction and ranking. The result is a ranked list of the most important factors, which clearly demonstrates that issues related to management, and leadership, competence and training, information and communication, stakeholders' involvement, and culture, are considered by the experts as most important. Factors related to technology and methodology was ranked lower. This paper validates the results of earlier studies, and provides additional knowledge about the factors that influence successful ITIL adoption.
International production networks and trade liberalization: A literature review

This chapter reviews the relevant literature in order to provide an analytical framework for the analyses in the subsequent chapters. It covers some sub-topics related to the theme of this study, in particular, the theoretical approach to international production networks, key findings from empirical studies on the subject, and the role of trade policy (often understood as trade liberalization) in creating or sustaining an IPN.
Spectrum sensing using multiple antenna-aided energy detectors for cognitive radio

In this paper, a new energy detection-based scheme is introduced for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems. This employs multiple receive antennas to mitigate the channel fading. Partial decisions are first made by employing the conventional energy detector at each antenna, based on which a final decision on the presence of the signal is reached. Performance of the proposed and conventional energy detection schemes is presented in terms of the complementary receiver operating characteristic (ROC), when considering a Suzuki channel. The effect of the sensing duration and mobile speed on the sensing performance is also investigated.
Gender in the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry

Introduction 1 Rationale 2 Goals and objectives 4 Impact pathways 8 Activities 10 A. Collection of sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis 10 B. Partnerships and alliances to enhance gender inclusiveness 11 C. Knowledge sharing for gender-responsive policy and practice 12 D. Adaptive learning for gender-responsive research and analysis 13 Capacity for gender research and analysis 14 Monitoring and evaluation 16 Implementing the monitoring and evaluation plan 17 References 21 Annex I: Gender-specific research questions across the five components 23 List of figures, tables and boxes Figures 1 Gender box: A framework for the analysis and synthesis of gender in forest, tree and agroforestry systems 5 2 Gender impact pathway 9 3 Approaches for achieving gender inclusion (red boxes) at each phase of the research cycle (blue boxes) 10 Tables 1 Consideration of gender differentials and equality across the research components 6 2 Capacity for gender research and analysis in the CRP6 14 3 Summary of monitoring and evaluation plan 19 4 CRP6 gender budget 20
CD40 Signaling and Plaque Instability

Today, multiple lines of evidence support the view of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disease and implicate components of the immune system in atherogenesis. Recent work has documented overexpression of the potent immune mediator CD40 and its counterpart CD40 ligand (CD40L) in experimental and human atherosclerotic lesions. Notably, interruption of CD40/CD40L interactions not only diminished the formation and progression of mouse atheroma, but also fostered changes in lesion biology and structure, which are associated in humans with “plaque stabilization. ” In accordance with the hypothesis that CD40 signaling promotes plaque instability, in vitro studies demonstrated that ligation of CD40 on atheroma-associated cell types, namely endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, mediates functions considered crucial to the process of atherogenesis, such as the expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, and procoagulants. The combination of the broad gamut of proatherogenic biological responses triggered by ligation of CD40 on endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages in vitro and the results of in vivo studies of interruption of CD40 signaling suggests a central role for this receptor/ligand dyad during atherogenesis, proposing CD40/CD40L interactions as a novel potential therapeutic target for this prevalent human disease.
Vision detection of vehicle occupant classification with Legendre moments and Support Vector Machine

Intelligent airbag system can control its deploy time and force according to different types of occupant in different sitting position. The accurate detection of vehicle occupant is the precondition and plays an important role in such system. This paper presents a vision detection method using low-cost CMOS camera and pattern recognition algorithm for the classification of different occupant classes. First, in view of the relative fixed passenger room, pre-processing algorithm and occupant edge detection method for the measurement space of occupant image are established; then, principal feature of occupant image edge in the measurement space is described using Legendre moments; at last, classifier of vehicle occupant is obtained using Support Vector Machine so that the classification of vehicle occupant is made possible.
Kshara application for turbinate hypertrophy

Nasapratinaha (nasal obstruction) is a commonly encountered disease in clinical practice. It is one of the nasal disorders, explained in Ayurveda, having nasal obstruction leading to difficulty in breathing as the main cardinal feature. In contemporary science, this condition can be correlated with various diseases such as turbinate hypertrophy, deviated nasal septum, nasal mass, mucosal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and others; among which turbinate hypertrophy is a common cause. Turbinate hypertrophy can be treated with surgical and medical methods. The medical treatment has limitation for prolonged use because of health purpose, surgical approaches too have failed to achieve desired results in turbinate hypertrophy due to complications and high recurrence rate. The medical and surgical managements have their own limitations, merits, and demerits like synechiae formation, rhinitis sicca, severe bleeding, or osteonecrosis of the turbinate bone A parasurgical treatment explained in Ayurveda, known as kshara pratisarana, which is a minimal invasive and precise procedure for this ailment, tried to overcome this problem. ‘Kshara Karma’ is a popular treatment modality in Ayurveda, which has been advocated in disorders of nose like arbuda (tumor) and adhimamsa (muscular growth). Clinical observation has shown its effectiveness in the management of turbinate hypertrophy. A case report of 45-year-old male who presented with complaints of frequent nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, discomfort in nose, and headache; and diagnosed as turbinate hypertrophy has been presented here. The patient was treated with one application of Kshara over the turbinates. The treatment was effective and no recurrence was noticed in the follow up.
An integrated placement and routing for ratioed capacitor array based on ILP formulation

Capacitor arrays are widely used in analog and mixed-signal circuit design. Most previous works solve the placement and routing problem either in a two-stage fashion or iteratively in loops, which may be more time-consuming or have less routing consideration in the placement step. To our best knowledge, this work is the first to formulate capacitor array placement and routing problem together and solve at once. Experimental results show that the proposed approach requires shorter time to reach comparable results to previous work. The formulation also provides possibilities for adding more placement and routing constraints in the future if they can fit into the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) form.
Intelligent Modeling of Human Driver: A Survey

The control strategy of human operator is naturally dynamic, stochastic and nonlinear. It also changes gradually through the time. Therefore, human driver modeling is a very difficult task. The driver model must be accurate and robust enough to give valid human behaviours under varying conditions, otherwise the model will most probably fail. This means the model has to have some intelligence similar to the human driver. In this paper, human driver modeling was analyzed from an intelligent control perspective.