Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Setting priorities for global mental health research.

OBJECTIVE To set investment priorities in global mental health research and to propose a more rational use of funds in this under-resourced and under-investigated area. METHODS Members of the Lancet Mental Health Group systematically listed and scored research investment options on four broad classes of disorders: schizophrenia and other major psychotic disorders, major depressive disorder and other common mental disorders, alcohol abuse and other substance abuse disorders, and the broad class of child and adolescent mental disorders. Using the priority-setting approach of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative, the group listed various research questions and evaluated them using the criteria of answerability, effectiveness, deliverability, equity and potential impact on persisting burden of mental health disorders. Scores were then weighted according to the system of values expressed by a larger group of stakeholders. FINDINGS The research questions that scored highest were related to health policy and systems research, where and how to deliver existing cost-effective interventions in a low-resource context, and epidemiological research on the broad categories of child and adolescent mental disorders or those pertaining to alcohol and drug abuse questions. The questions that scored lowest related to the development of new interventions and new drugs or pharmacological agents, vaccines or other technologies. CONCLUSION In the context of global mental health and with a time frame of the next 10 years, it would be best to fill critical knowledge gaps by investing in research into health policy and systems, epidemiology and improved delivery of cost-effective interventions.
Ergodic Capacity of Multi-User MIMO Systems Using Pilot-Based Channel Estimation, Quantized Feedback and Outdated Feedback as Well as User Selection

We derive the ergodic channel capacity of a closed-loop MIMO broadcast system under both random user selection (RUS) and semi-orthogonal user selection (SUS) principles, when considering the effects of channel estimation errors, channel state information (CSI) quantization errors and CSI feedback-delay. We intend to answer the question of "How many simultaneous users should be active in a time slot in order to achieve the maximum sum-rate in a MIMO broadcast system? ". It is shown that we should refrain from supporting full-rank transmissions due to the excess inter-user interference caused by imperfect CSI at both the receiver and transmitter under RUS. By contrast, full-rank transmissions may be feasible under the SUS principle. An approximate ergodic capacity equation is also derived for RUS, and then an adaptive-rank transmission strategy is derived, which is capable of maximizing the achievable ergodic capacity.
Adaptive Resource Allocation for Prioritized Call Admission over an ATM-Based Wireless PCN

In future personal communications networks (PCNs) supporting network-wide handoffs, new and handoff requests will compete for connection resources in both the mobile and backbone networks. Forced call terminations due to handoff call blocking are generally more objectionable than new call blocking. The previously proposed guard channel scheme for radio channel allocation in cellular networks reduces handoff call blocking probability substantially at the expense of slight increases in new call blocking probability by giving resource access priority to handoff calls over new calls in call admission control. While the effectiveness of a fixed number of guard channels has been demonstrated under stationary traffic conditions, with nonstationary call arrival rates in a practical system, the achieved handoff call blocking probability may deviate significantly from the desired objective. We propose a novel dynamic guard channel scheme which adapts the number of guard channels in each cell according to the current estimate of the handoff call arrival rate derived from the current number of ongoing calls in neighboring cells and the mobility pattern, so as to keep the handoff call blocking probability close to the targeted objective while constraining the new call blocking probability to be below a given level. The proposed scheme is applicable to channel allocation over cellular mobile networks, and is extended to bandwidth allocation over the backbone network to enable a unified approach to prioritized call admission control over the ATM-based PCN.
A portable APL translator

a portable system for translating APL programs into programs in an assembler language is presented; the translation is performed in two steps; in the first step the APL program is translated into a program in an intermediate language which can be used as a documentation of the program itself; the second step consists in defining the intermediate language in terms of pre-defined routines in the assembler language. The implementation of the system has been performed by means of the macro-processor STAGE-2.
UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 Is the Principal Enzyme Responsible for Etoposide Glucuronidation in Human Liver and Intestinal Microsomes: Structural Characterization of Phenolic and Alcoholic Glucuronides of Etoposide and Estimation of Enzyme Kinetics

Etoposide, an important anticancer agent, undergoes glucuronidation both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, three isomeric glucuronides of etoposide, including one phenolic (EPG) and two alcoholic glucuronides (EAG1 and EAG2), were biosynthesized in vitro with human liver microsomes (HLMs), and identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and confirmed by β-glucuronidase cleavage. In vitro UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) reaction screening with 12 recombinant human UGTs demonstrated that etoposide glucuronidation is mainly catalyzed by UGT1A1. Although UGT1A8 and 1A3 also catalyzed the glucuronidation of etoposide, their activities were approximately 10 and 1% of UGT1A1. Enzyme kinetic study indicated that the predominant form of etoposide glucuronide in HLMs and human intestinal microsomes (HIMs) was EPG, whereas EAG1 and EAG2 were the minor metabolites, with approximately an 8 to 10% glucuronidation rate of EPG. For the formation of EPG, the Vmax of HLMs (110 pmol/min/mg protein) was very similar to that of recombinant UGT1A1 (124 pmol/min/mg protein), whereas the Vmax of HIMs (54.4 pmol/min/mg protein) was 2-fold lower than those of HIMs and UGT1A1. The Km values of HLMs (530 μM) and HIMs (608 μM) were 2-fold higher than that of UGT1A1 (285 μM). The Vmax/Km values for the formation of EPG were 0.21 and 0.09 μl/min/mg protein for HLMs and HIMs, respectively. The data indicated that UGT1A1 is principally responsible for the formation of etoposide glucuronides, mainly in the form of phenolic glucuronide, suggesting that etoposide can be used as a highly selective probe substrate for human UGT1A1 in vitro.
Rethinking Abstractions for Big Data: Why, Where, How, and What

Big data refers to large and complex data sets that, under existing approaches, exceed the capacity and capability of current compute platforms, systems software, analytical tools and human understanding. Numerous lessons on the scalability of big data can already be found in asymptotic analysis of algorithms and from the high-performance computing (HPC) and applications communities. However, scale is only one aspect of current big data trends; fundamentally, current and emerging problems in big data are a result of unprecedented complexity--in the structure of the data and how to analyze it, in dealing with unreliability and redundancy, in addressing the human factors of comprehending complex data sets, in formulating meaningful analyses, and in managing the dense, power-hungry data centers that house big data. The computer science solution to complexity is finding the right abstractions, those that hide as much triviality as possible while revealing the essence of the problem that is being addressed. The "big data challenge" has disrupted computer science by stressing to the very limits the familiar abstractions which define the relevant subfields in data analysis, data management and the underlying parallel systems. As a result, not enough of these challenges are revealed by isolating abstractions in a traditional software stack or standard algorithmic and analytical techniques, and attempts to address complexity either oversimplify or require low-level management of details. The authors believe that the abstractions for big data need to be rethought, and this reorganization needs to evolve and be sustained through continued cross-disciplinary collaboration.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) An Initial Quality Analysis of the Ohloh Software Evolution Data

Large public data sets on software evolution promise great value to both researchers and practitioners, in particular for software (development) analytics. To realise this value, the data quality of such data sets needs to be studied and improved. Despite these data sets being of a secondary nature, i.e., they were not collected by the people using them, data quality is often taken for granted, casting doubt on conclusions drawn from those data. This paper reports on an intial investigation of the quality of the software evolution data available on Ohloh, and further describes steps taken to cleanse the data set. Our goal is that other researchers, practitioners, and parties responsible for data sets such as Ohloh, use the outcomes of the validation and cleansing steps to improve quality of data sets in the public domain.
Automatic Intrapulse Modulation Classification of Advanced LPI Radar Waveforms

In this paper, improved signal processing techniques are developed for the analysis and classification of low probability of intercept (LPI) radar waveforms. The intercepted LPI radar signals are classified based on the type of pulse compression waveform. They are classified as linear frequency modulation, nonlinear linear frequency modulation, binary frequency shift keying, polyphase Barker, polyphase P1, P2, P3, P4, and Frank codes. The classification approach is based on the parameters measured from the preprocessed radar signal intercepted by electronic support (ES) or electronic intelligence (ELINT) system. First, signal embedded within the noise is estimated using Wigner Ville distribution to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Next, features are extracted using the time-domain and frequency-domain techniques. Furthermore, parameters measured from the fractional Fourier transform are used for the classification. This type of techniques are required in various systems such as ES, electronic attack, radar emitter identification and multi input multi output (MIMO) radar applications. Extensive simulations are carried out with different LPI radar-modulated waveforms corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise of SNR up to –15 dB and impulse noise with 90% of noise density. The proposed algorithm outperforms the existing techniques of classification and can be used under strategic environment.
Inhibition of Notch signaling biases rat thymocyte development towards the NK cell lineage

Notch receptors are involved in directing the choice between alternative cell fates in developmental scenarios such as thymopoiesis. By pharmacological interference in rat fetal thymus organ culture we show that inhibition of Notch signaling arrests T cell development at an early double‐negative stage and is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the number of NK cells. These cells show an activated phenotype, lack recombination of the TCRβ gene locus and express perforin. Similarly, in thymic lobes reconstituted with fetal liver cells, progenitors predominantly develop into NK cells both after pharmacological interference of Notch and after treatment with a recombinant rat Notch1/Fc chimera. Collectively, this identifies the lineage decision of NK/T precursor cells as an important site of Notch action in rat thymocytes.
Intransal or intragastric immunization with proteosome-Shigella lipopolysaccharide vaccines protects against lethal pneumonia in a murine model of Shigella infection

Mice immunized intransally or intragastrically with proteosome vaccines containing either Shigella sonnei or S. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide were protected against lethal pneumonia caused by homologous organisms in an experimental murine intranasal challenge model of Shigella infection. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that immunization also protected against the progressive lesions resulting from invasion of the pulmonary mucosa by S. sonnei. These data show that mucosal proteosome-lipopolysaccharide vaccines can protect against lethal bacterial pneumonia and indicate that such vaccines are promising candidates for protection against intestinal shigellosis.
Prospective association between a dietary quality index based on a nutrient profiling system and cardiovascular disease risk

Background Public health strategies are essential to guide consumers’ choices and produce a substantial population impact on cardiovascular disease risk prevention through nutrition. Our aim was to investigate the prospective association between the Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system dietary index (FSA-NPS DI) and cardiovascular disease risk. The FSA-NPS has been proposed to serve as a basis for a five-colour nutrition label suggested in France to be put on the front of pack of food products. Methods and results A total of 6515 participants to the SU.VI. MAX cohort (1994–2007), who completed at least six 24-hour dietary records during the first two years of the study, were followed for a median of 12.4 years (25th–75th percentiles: 11.0–12.6). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterise the associations between FSA-NPS DI (continuous and sex-specific quartiles) and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Interactions with individual characteristics were tested; 181 major cardiovascular events were reported (59 myocardial infarctions, 43 strokes, 79 anginas). A higher FSA-NPS DI, characterising poorer food choices, was associated with an overall increase in cardiovascular disease risk (HRfor a 1-point increment = 1.14 (1.03–1.27); HRQ4vs.Q1 = 1.61 (1.05–2.47), Ptrend Q4-Q1 = 0.03). This association tended to be stronger in smokers (HRfor a 1-point increment = 1.39 (1.11–1.73); Pinteraction = 0.01) and those less physically active (HRfor a 1-point increment = 1.26 (1.08–1.46); Pinteraction = 0.04). Conclusions Our results suggest that poorer food choices, as reflected by a higher FSA-NPS DI, may be associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular risk, especially in at-risk individuals (smokers and physically inactive persons). This score could be a useful tool for public health prevention strategies. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00272428.
(Re)Learning Ukrainian: Language Myths and Cultural Corrections in Literacy Primers of Post-Soviet Ukraine

1 (Re)Learning Ukrainian: Language myths and cultural corrections in literacy primers of postSoviet Ukraine 2-37 Introduction 2-6 Language legacies and enduring myths in post-Soviet Ukrainian schooling 6-11 (Re)reading the literacy primers: Sample and method 11-16 (Re)Learning Ukrainian: Language politics and cultural corrections 16-33 Conclusion: “Native Language in our Native Schools! ” 34-38
Channelopathies: ion channel defects linked to heritable clinical disorders

Electrical signals are critical for the function of neurones, muscle cells, and cardiac myocytes. Proteins that regulate electrical signalling in these cells, including voltage gated ion channels, are logical sites where abnormality might lead to disease. Genetic and biophysical approaches are being used to show that several disorders result from mutations in voltage gated ion channels. Understanding gained from early studies on the pathogenesis of a group of muscle diseases that are similar in their episodic nature (periodic paralysis) showed that these disorders result from mutations in a gene encoding a voltage gated Na+ channel. Their characterisation as channelopathies has served as a paradigm for other episodic disorders. For example, migraine headache and some forms of epilepsy have been shown to result from mutations in voltage gated Ca2+channel genes, while long QT syndrome is known to result from mutations in either K+ or Na+ channel genes. This article reviews progress made in the complementary fields of molecular genetics and cellular electrophysiology which has led to a better understanding of voltage gated ion channelopathies in humans and mice.
A New Algorithm to Estimate Mixing-Matrix of Underdetermined Blind Signal Separation

The paper puts forward a new algorithm to estimate mixing-matrix according to the underdetermined blind signal separation of 3 observed signals and 4 sources. According to the geometric meaning of the SCA model, the paper analyzes the numerical feature of the observed signal and proves that the inner product under Euclidean space can be used to classify the observed signal in the situation. Besides, the paper gives a method for determining the number of source signal and introduces an estimation algorithm for mixing-matrix using inner products in the Euclidean space combined with the density of interval point. The algorithm can effectively identify the number of source signals and can realize the estimation of mixing-matrix. The experimental results show the algorithm is feasible.
A Novel Adjustment Model for Mosaicking Low-Overlap Sweeping Images

This paper proposes a novel adjustment model for mosaicking low-overlap sweeping images captured by medium-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a long focal length. Commonly used methods are not suitable for this type of data. Three innovations are proposed to make this possible: first, building a new error model denoted by an error homograph matrix, which includes the camera parameter error, perspective center error, image attitude error, and the error of projection plane; second, the error homograph matrix is considered an unknown variable and is optimized, instead of optimizing the exterior orientation element in commonly used photogrammetry method; and third, the proposed algorithm is a global optimization, avoiding the cumulative error that appeared in traditional homographic-based methods. The results reveal that the proposed adjustment model can effectively eliminate the misalignments in the seam lines, compared to the direct homograph transformation. The numerical experiment results also demonstrate that the algorithm has perfect convergence and stability. In addition, this method is also suitable for low-altitude UAV images when the covered area can be regarded as a plane.
The Cost of Information and Herd Behavior in Bank Runs

In the classic models of herding (Banerjee (1992), Bikhchandani, Hirshleifer, and Welch (1992, 1998), etc), agents’ private signals are costless. This paper studies how costly private signals affect depositors’ herding behavior in bank runs. I assume that the quality of a depositor’s private signal depends on how much costs the depositor is willing to pay. More expensive signal means more precise information. The depositors are able to observe the predecessors’ actions. However, the cost on a private signal is each depositor’s private information. The model shows if some depositors choose to infer the quality of the bank’s investment by observing the predecessors’ withdrawal decisions rather than buying their own private signals, bank runs occur earlier. The depositors are able to anticipate whether the predecessors’ private signals are informative or not when their predecessors make different decisions. This paper demonstrates that the second patient depositor has the incentive to purchase more expensive information than the first patient depositor if the quality of his private signal is more improved and exceeds a critical level. When the second patient depositor’s private signal is more informative than the first patient depositor’s, the second patient depositor makes a withdrawal decision independent of the first patient depositor’s action. The third patient depositor does not have the incentive to purchase his private signal and a herd begins on the third agent. Therefore, the first two patient depositors’ decisions determine the existence of a bank runs equilibrium.
1H NMR-Based Metabolite Profiling of Plasma in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the gradual loss of the kidney function to excrete wastes and fluids from the blood. 1H NMR-based metabolomics was exploited to investigate the altered metabolic pattern in rats with CKD induced by surgical reduction of the renal mass (i.e., 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx)), particularly for identifying specific metabolic biomarkers associated with early of CKD. Plasma metabolite profiling was performed in CKD rats (at 4- or 8-weeks after 5/6 Nx) compared to sham-operated rats. Principle components analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plots showed a significant separation between the groups. The resulting metabolic profiles demonstrated significantly increased plasma levels of organic anions, including citrate, β-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, acetate, acetoacetate, and formate in CKD. Moreover, levels of alanine, glutamine, and glutamate were significantly higher. These changes were likely to be associated with complicated metabolic acidosis in CKD for counteracting systemic metabolic acidosis or increased protein catabolism from muscle. In contrast, levels of VLDL/LDL (CH2)n and N-acetylglycoproteins were decreased. Taken together, the observed changes of plasma metabolite profiles in CKD rats provide insights into the disturbed metabolism in early phase of CKD, in particular for the altered metabolism of acid-base and/or amino acids.
Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs

Before there can be entrepreneurship there must be the potential for entrepreneurship, whether in a community seeking to develop or in a large organization seeking to innovate. Entrepreneurial potential, however, requires potential entrepreneurs. This paper discusses antecedents of such potential and proposes a model based on Shapero's (1982) model of the entrepreneurial event. We then discuss this model in light of supporting evidence from two different perspectives, corporate venturing and enterprise development.
Anemia in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease

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