Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updating a mental model: maintaining both local and global coherence

In 2 experiments we investigated whether readers experience comprehension difficulty when they read texts in which local coherence is maintained but global incoherence is introduced. Ss read passages containing an elaborate description of a main character presented early in the text that was inconsistent with actions carried out by the main character later in the text. In Experiment 1, reading times for critical sentences were significantly longer when the earlier description and the critical sentences were inconsistent. In Experiment 2, resolution of global inconsistencies improved memory for the regions of the text that involved the inconsistencies. The results are discussed within a mental model approach to comprehension in which readers attempt to maintain both local and global coherence
The Development of State Regulation in Normal Children: An Indirect Comparison With Children With ADHD

The goal of this study was to evaluate the developmental trajectory of response inhibition and state regulation in 60 nonreferred boys ranking in age from 7 to 12 years. For this purpose, we used a go-no go test that was derived from Sanders's (1983) theory of state regulation. In this test, go-no go stimuli were presented on a monitor with a presentation rate of 1 sec (fast condition), 4 sec (medium condition), or 8 sec (slow condition). In accordance with Sanders's theory, we hypothesized that, if state regulation develops in the elementary school years, then the youngest age group (7 and 8 years) would demonstrate poor impulse control, particularly in the fast and slow conditions, in which state regulation was assumed to be essential. Our hypothesis was supported. Findings reflected a developmental course in state regulation in the elementary school years. We discuss the clinical impact of the results with reference to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Clonal Selection in B‐Cell Growth and Differentiation

Newly formed B lymphocytes migrate from the bone-marrow to the periphery to be stimulated or excluded from the immune system (Opstelten & Osmond 1983). When activated, B lymphocytes will proliferate into clones of cells, some of which form effector cells secreting immunoglobulins at high rate. Others, if we consider T cell-dependent responses, will form a long-term memory by unknown mechanisms. Thus, part of the immune system represents a one-way differentiation pathway, the end-point of which is a plasma cell, unique in the sense that a clonal specificity relevant for a given antigenic epitope regulates the amphfication of a given B-cell clone. This is the basis for clonal selection (Jerne 1955, Burnet 1957). In order to understand the mechanisms facilitating this delicate immune regulation, the physiology of B lymphocytes needs to be understood. Initially, B-cell physiology was studied using selective mitogens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Andersson et al. 1972). The rationale behind this was that, contrary to antigens, mitogens would induce a large proportion (up to 30%) of all B celis to become high-rate Ig-producing and -secreting ceils. Mitogens were therefore used as tools for biochemical analysis of B cells leaving Go and entering into cell cycle as well as for the characterization of parameters leading to the development of plasma cells. It was found that mitogens induced both proliferation and differentiation in a large proportion of B cells from different strains of mice. Thus, induction was polyclonal, and therefore independent of V-regions expressed as well as MHC-nonrestricted. The fact that mitogens did not obey the rules of clonal selection and MHC restriction led to the notion that induction was "abnormal", although the end result was the same, namely development of high-rate antibody-producing plasma cells. The "normal" way of induction is by antigen and MHC-restricted T-heiper cells. Consequentiy, systems to study T
A RESPONSE TO DANIS & LOCKHART: WHAT GUIDES SOCIAL WORK KNOWLEDGE ABOUT VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN?

This article responds to Fran Danis and Lettie Lockhart's editorial in the Summer 2003 Journal of Social Work Education (Vol. 29, No. 2), which questions the disconnect between the battered women's movement and the social work profession regarding knowledge and practices related to domestic violence. The author examines how two factors might influence responses to violence against women: the use of language in the social work discourse and the reluctance to use research to guide social work knowledge and practice. The ways in which these two factors guide social work's ideology about violence against women and, in turn, its focus on individual pathology and treatment and away from social context, social justice, and community organization are explored.
The care‐less manager: gender, care and new managerialism in higher education

While there has always been a profound indifference to the affective domain in formal education, given its Cartesian allegiance to the development of the rational autonomous subject, this indifference to the emotional subject is intensifying with the glorification of performativity. As higher education is especially subject to performance measurement and rankings, this study of top‐level management in Irish higher education shows that those who hold senior management posts are subjected increasingly to disciplinary rationalities that largely preclude being a primary carer. The definition of senior managerial posts as care‐less positions, in terms of primary care responsibilities, advantages those who are care‐free and these are disproportionately men in societies where the moral imperative to do primary care work applies mainly to women. The data suggest that understanding how the care ceiling operates is crucial for understanding why women do not occupy senior managerial positions within new managerial regimes in higher education.
Thyroxine increases the levels of epidermal growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid (EGF mRNA) in the thyroid in vivo, as revealed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with an internal control EGF mRNA.

Treating mice with T4 increases the level of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the thyroid. In order to establish whether this response might reflect a T4-dependent increase in the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the thyroid, we prepared an internal standard which permits us to quantitate EGF mRNA levels by reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-PCR). Our synthetic EGF mRNA construct contains the same flanking primer sequences used to amplify mature EGF message, but 70 bases were eliminated from the center of the 277-base EGF sequence to permit the PCR product of this internal standard to be distinguished by its smaller size (EGF 207). This synthetic mRNA also contains a poly(A)tail, which permits it to be reverse transcribed. We then added a range of concentrations of this internal standard mRNA to aliquots of total RNA from each pair of thyroid lobes and determined the concentration of EGF 207 at which the PCR primers were incorporated equally into the 277 and 207 bands after RT-PCR. Thyroid RNA from male Balb/c mice treated with T4 (0.25 micrograms/g.day) for 14 days contained 2.8-fold more EGF mRNA than RNA from control mice (P < 0.01). Competitive RT-PCR EGF mRNA levels were determined for thyroid RNA samples from mice treated with T4 for various times up to 14 days. The most significant increase occurred after 1 day's treatment (P < 0.005). This demonstration of a thyroid hormone-dependent increase in the level of thyroidal EGF mRNA adds support to the concept that EGF may function as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of thyroid function.
Effects of the Lurcher Mutation on GluR1 Desensitization and Activation Kinetics

Previous studies of the lurcher mutation in GluR1 channels concluded that its main effect is to create constitutively active channels (Kohda et al., 2000; Taverna et al., 2000). GluR1Lc channels also exhibit slowed kinetics and a shift in their apparent affinity for glutamate (Kohda et al., 2000; Taverna et al., 2000). Here, we have undertaken a kinetic analysis of GluR1Lc channels to quantify the effects of lurcher and to determine the relative contribution of these effects to the lurcher phenotype. Analysis of GluR1Lc leak current demonstrated that the 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX)-sensitive portion of the leak current corresponded to a current generated by glutamate concentrations similar to the levels of contaminating glutamate measured in our normal external solutions. This result, and the small size of the leak current relative to the currents evoked by saturating glutamate, indicates that GluR1Lc channels exhibit little or no constitutive activity. Our results indicate that the primary effect of the lurcher mutation is to increase the affinity of GluR1 for glutamate and reduce the desensitization of GluR1 at nanomolar concentrations. We also found that the mutation makes both the rate and extent of GluR1Lc channel desensitization depend strongly on subunit occupancy. We conclude that the poor survival of GluR1Lc-transfected cells, and presumably cerebellar neurons in lurcher mice, results because channels carrying the lurcher mutation open and do not desensitize at ambient levels of glutamate.
PUMA Footprints: Linking Theory and Craft Skill in Usability Evaluation

‘Footprints’ are marks or features of a design that alert the analyst to the possible existence of usability difficulties caused by violations of design principles. PUMA Footprints make an explicit link between the theory underlying a Programmable User Model and the design principles that can be derived from that theory. While principles are widely presented as being intuitively obvious, it is desirable that they should have a theoretical basis. However, working directly with theory tends to be time-consuming, and demands a high level of skill. PUMA footprints offer a theory-based justification for various usability principles, with guidelines on detecting violations of those principles.
Traffic light detection for colorblind individuals

This paper proposed an algorithm that detects traffic light colors for colorblind individuals, the proposed algorithm employs image processing techniques associated in image processing toolbox in LabVIEW to help colorblind individuals in identifying the colors of traffic lights. It uses a fixed mobile camera to capture traffic light images taken in different roads and streets in Jordan and Kuwait. It detects traffic lights by comparing the candidate traffic light with some in-house collected traffic light templates, comparison is based on correlation. The templates represent 22 different shapes of traffic lights in Jordan and Kuwait. Finally, the algorithm extracts the green and the red planes and recognizes their colors. Experimental results reveal the accuracy of proposed algorithm in identifying the colors of traffic lights in different cases and circumstances. Hence, our proposed algorithm is helpful for colorblind drivers.
Lava Lamp, a Novel Peripheral Golgi Protein, Is Required for Drosophila melanogaster Cellularization

Drosophila cellularization and animal cell cytokinesis rely on the coordinated functions of the microfilament and microtubule cytoskeletal systems. To identify new proteins involved in cellularization and cytokinesis, we have conducted a biochemical screen for microfilament/microtubule-associated proteins (MMAPs). 17 MMAPs were identified; seven have been previously implicated in cellularization and/or cytokinesis, including KLP3A, Anillin, Septins, and Dynamin. We now show that a novel MMAP, Lava Lamp (Lva), is also required for cellularization. Lva is a coiled-coil protein and, unlike other proteins previously implicated in cellularization or cytokinesis, it is Golgi associated. Our functional analysis shows that cellularization is dramatically inhibited upon injecting anti–Lva antibodies (IgG and Fab) into embryos. In addition, we show that brefeldin A, a potent inhibitor of membrane trafficking, also inhibits cellularization. Biochemical analysis demonstrates that Lva physically interacts with the MMAPs Spectrin and CLIP190. We suggest that Lva and Spectrin may form a Golgi-based scaffold that mediates the interaction of Golgi bodies with microtubules and facilitates Golgi-derived membrane secretion required for the formation of furrows during cellularization. Our results are consistent with the idea that animal cell cytokinesis depends on both actomyosin-based contraction and Golgi-derived membrane secretion.
Reasoning about VHD3L and VHDL-AMS using denotational semantics

This paper introduces a denotational semantics for a core of the draft IEEE standard analog and mixed signal design language VHDL-AMS, and derives general results about the behaviour of VHDL-AMS programs from it. We include, for example, a demonstration that VHDL-AMS parallelism is benign in the absence of shared initializations. As proof of concept we have built an interpreted simulator that prototypes the semantics and which runs multi-process mixed analog and digital descriptions correctly.
Retropharyngeal Neuroblastoma in an Infant: Management Without Surgery

Retropharyngeal neuroblastoma is rare. We report a 3-month-old infant with retropharyngeal neuroblastoma presenting with airway compression, which had an unresectable localized tumor without N-myc amplification. He was promptly treated with chemotherapy, resulting in a dramatic resolution. Subsequently, he received no surgical intervention and is well without evidence of recurrence 10 months after completion of chemotherapy. A review of the literature reveals that retropharyngeal neuroblastoma in infants has a good prognosis, but with some risk of surgical complication. Thus, it might be better to treat unresectable, localized disease accompanied by life-threatening symptoms with chemotherapy alone.
Monitoring Appliances Sensor Data in Home Environment: Issues and Challanges

In this paper our focus is on issues and challengesfaced in monitoring energy consumption in thedomestic sector and way forward to deal with thesechallenges. Implementing a sensor network to monitorenergy consumption of household appliances in ameaningful way requires sophisticated network design.Such network has to deal with large amount rawsensor data coming from multiple sources. Thechallenge is how to collect necessary data and store itfor producing intelligent advice on economical energyusage for household. One way of dealing with thischallenge is to have smart sensor devices embedded inhome appliances, however currently a vast majority ofdomestic appliances do not have even dumb sensordevices to enable access to their energy consumptiondata. In a typical home environment we can expectsensing devices with various capabilities ranging frompassive device to intelligent and proactive devices.Raw data streams received from these devices need tonormalised and represented in semanticallyequivalence manners.
Challenges facing South Africa's mental health care system: stakeholders' perceptions of causes and potential solutions

In recent years South Africa has taken some important steps forward in strengthening its mental health systems. Mental health legislation has been reformed and there is some level of policy commitment to mental health. However, there remain ongoing challenges, largely related to implementation. The aim of this paper is to review the major challenges facing the South African mental health system, to provide a greater understanding of these challenges (as articulated by stakeholders from a wide range of sectors) and to highlight stakeholders' recommendations about the best way to address them. Ninety nine interviews and 12 focus group discussions were conducted with stakeholders drawn from the national, provincial and district levels. The major challenges identified include: the lack of officially endorsed mental health policy; the continued low priority of mental health; limited intersectoral policy integration; stigma and discrimination; inadequate integration of mental with primary health care; and ‘de-hospitalisation’ rather than ‘de-institutionalization’. Recommendations include: developing an overarching national mental health policy; lobbying for mental health on national policy agendas; including mental health in poverty alleviation programmes; greater educational and awareness-raising campaigns; standardised evidence-based training of health staff; and the development of community-based mental health services.
Atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure: the intersection of two common diseases.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure is an increasingly frequent diagnosis as our population tends to age. Appropriate management of these patients has engaged clinicians for many years. It was long appreciated that atrial fibrillation, per se, without associated cardiac disease could result in congestive heart failure and that prompt treatment resulting in either restoration of sinus rhythm or rate control could obviate the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure.1 2 3 More recently, a spate of observations have shown that application of catheter ablative techniques to patients with atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rates unresponsive to drug therapy could likewise result in improved cardiac function.4 5 6 7 8 In the latter studies, patients generally had proved to be refractory to medical therapy before being offered catheter ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) junction. Elsewhere in this issue of Circulation , Brignole et al9 report a novel controlled trial comparing drug versus AV junctional ablation for patients with atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure. In this study, a total of 66 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation were randomized to receive either drug therapy for rate control or ablation and insertion of a VVIR pacemaker. These patients were …
Competitive selection among age-class ice-hockey players.

The "little-league" is an important feature of the North American scene, young boys vying vigorously with one another for places on age-categorized icehockey, "football", and baseball teams that compete in municipal, regional and even provincial leagues. The system has been criticized on a number of counts, including the possible psychological risks of premature exposure to intensive competition, the limited knowledge of many of the "coaches", and the too frequent insistence upon winning at all costs. The present note examines a further likely hazard of age-class sport competition and even physical collision between small pre-pubertal children and young people of the same chronological age who have reached almost adults' proportions.
Error Gradient-based Variable-Lp Norm Constraint LMS Algorithm for Sparse System Identification

Sparse adaptive filtering has gained much attention due to its wide applicability in the field of signal processing. Among the main algorithm families, sparse norm constraint adaptive filters develop rapidly in recent years. However, when applied for system identification, most priori work in sparse norm constraint adaptive filtering suffers from the difficulty of adaptability to the sparsity of the systems to be identified. To address this problem, we propose a novel variable p-norm constraint least mean square (LMS) algorithm, which serves as a variant of the conventional Lp-LMS algorithm established for sparse system identification. The parameter p is iteratively adjusted by the gradient descent method applied to the instantaneous square error. Numerical simulations show that this new approach achieves better performance than the traditional Lp-LMS and LMS algorithms in terms of steady-state error and convergence rate.
Entre la Espada y la Pared: Critical Educators, Bilingual Education, and Education Reform

From the perspective of two practitioners who have been influenced by work in the area of critical pedagogy and critical theory, this article examines bilingual education, education reform, and the achievement gap in relation to Latino English Language Learners. The authors integrate personal experiences as they examine underlying assumptions of class, race, and asymmetrical power relations in current education policy and classroom practice. They argue that, despite feelings of being "between a rock and a hard place," critical pedagogy has allowed them to continue their struggles for educational justice with the help of fellow educators and community members.
A Real-Time Adaptive Algorithm for Video Streaming over Multiple Wireless Access Networks

Video streaming is gaining popularity among mobile users. The latest mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablets, are equipped with multiple wireless network interfaces. How to efficiently and cost-effectively utilize multiple links to improve video streaming quality needs investigation. In order to maintain high video streaming quality while reducing the wireless service cost, in this paper, the optimal video streaming process with multiple links is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The reward function is designed to consider the quality of service (QoS) requirements for video traffic, such as the startup latency, playback fluency, average playback quality, playback smoothness and wireless service cost. To solve the MDP in real time, we propose an adaptive, best-action search algorithm to obtain a sub-optimal solution. To evaluate the performance of the proposed adaptation algorithm, we implemented a testbed using the Android mobile phone and the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) codec. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed adaptation algorithm for mobile video streaming applications, which outperforms the existing state-of-the-art adaptation algorithms.
Imaging features of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas in multi-detector row computed tomography.

AIM To retrospectively evaluate the imaging features of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) in multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT). METHODS A total of 20 patients with pathologically-confirmed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) were included in this study. Axial MDCT images combined with CT angiography (CTA) and multiplanar volume reformations (MPVR) or curved reformations (CR) were preoperatively acquired. Two radiologists (Tan L and Wang DB) reviewed all the images in consensus using an interactive picture archiving and communication system. The disputes in readings were resolved through consultation with a third experienced radiologist (Chen KM). Finally, the findings and diagnoses were compared with the pathologic results. RESULTS The pathological study revealed 12 malignant IPMNs and eight benign IPMNs. The diameters of the cystic lesions and main pancreatic ducts (MPDs) were significantly larger in malignant IPMNs compared with those of the benign IPMNs (P < 0.05). The combined-type IPMNs had a higher rate of malignancy than the other two types of IPMNs (P < 0.05). Tumors with mural nodules and thick septa had a significantly higher incidence of malignancy than tumors without these features (P < 0.05). Communication of side-branch IPMNs with the MPD was present in nine cases at pathologic examination. Seven of them were identified from CTA and MPVR or CR images. From comparison with the pathological diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MDCT in characterizing the malignancy of IPMN of the pancreas were determined to be 100%, 87.5% and 95%, respectively. CONCLUSION MDCT with CTA and MPVR or CR techniques can elucidate the imaging features of IPMNs and help predict the malignancy of these tumors.