Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strengthened Impacts of Indian Ocean Dipole on the Yangtze Precipitation Contribute to the Extreme Rainfall of 2020 Meiyu Season

In June‐July 2020, the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Region (MLYR) encountered the most severe precipitation event over the past 60 years. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in the previous autumn of the unusual precipitation event was the main contributing factor. Nonetheless, not every strong IOD event could bring anomalously high precipitation in the MLYR. This study showed significantly enhanced influence of IOD on East Asia climate since 2000. The IOD's effect on MLYR summer precipitation has strengthened significantly with the correlation coefficient up to 0.55 during 2000–2020. The northward movement of East Asia–Pacific pattern associated with IOD since 2000 (as compared with before) was primarily responsible for the enhanced effect. Since 2000, the MLYR has been controlled by a deep baroclinic instability system with anomalous low pressure in the lower troposphere and anomalous high pressure (completely different from before). Furthermore, the western Pacific subtropical high shifted northward and westerly jets were significantly enhanced with eastward expansion. All of these patterns contributed to the water vapor convergence and precipitation generation in the MLYR, which was not the case in the past. The record‐breaking IOD in 2019 autumn and the enhanced IOD's climatic effect in 2000–2020 contribute to the extreme Meiyu in 2020 jointly. The significant change in the influence of IOD and the enhanced climate effect of IOD highlight exciting new avenues for improving climate predictions in the MLYR.
Could Bio-Inspired Nacre-Like Ceramics be Suitable to Fabricate Musical Instruments?

In the past, natural ceramic biomaterials like bones and seashells were used to make music. Today, ceramics are largely absent from the musical scene. Yet, recent development of bio-inspired ceramics could be used to create musical instruments that emulate sound from ancient times, that do not make use of endangered animal species or that enable exploration of new types of music. In this paper, the question of whether bio-inspired ceramics would be suitable for usage in musical instrument is posed. The study focusses on nacre-like alumina ceramics of various compositions and their suitability to be used, fabricated, and to produce sound are discussed based on materials’ properties. It is found that flat pieces could be produced with high throughput for making idiophones or parts of musical instruments to increase the sound radiance, for example, and that complex shapes could be produced by a craftsperson to reproduce other musical instruments’ designs or create new ones using 3D printing technologies. The potential application of such ceramics for music could also open ideas in architecture where tiles are used, for example. Future work to enable these applications should be on more thorough characterisation of dynamic properties according to standards, scaled-up and reliable fabrication processes, and evaluation of the sound produced.
Opioid receptor architecture for the modulation of brainstem functions

Opioids produce profound and diverse effects on a range of behaviors, many driven by brainstem activity; however, the presence of opioid and opioid-like receptors at this level has been poorly studied outside of nociceptive structures and components of respiratory circuitry. While previous studies identified expression of µ, δ, κ, and nociceptin opioid and opioid-like receptors in the brainstem, patterns have not been fully delineated, and neither has receptor coexpression nor the behavioral implications of their expression in most structures. We aimed to elucidate expression patterns for all four receptors across somatosensory-motor, auditory, and respiratory brainstem circuits; identify recurring themes to provide insight into the mechanisms by which exogenous opioids affect broader brainstem circuits; and characterize the function of endogenous opioids in subcortical processing and behavior modulation. Using a fluorescent reporter mouse line for each receptor, we created a comprehensive atlas of brainstem receptor distribution and identified novel expression patterns in modality-specific circuits. Each receptor showed unique expression patterns across the brainstem with minimal correlation between receptors. Orofacial somatosensory-motor circuits expressed all four receptors, though generally in distinct regions, suggesting differential opiate modulation of afferent and efferent trigeminal signaling. Within the auditory circuits, receptors segregated along the vertical and horizontal processing pathways with minimal colocalization. Finally, the respiratory circuit strongly expressed the µ opioid receptor in multiple crucial structures with minimal presence of the other three receptors. We further assessed the functional significance of these expression patterns, using the respiratory circuitry as an example, by characterizing respiratory responses to selective opioid agonists, finding that each agonist caused unique alterations in breathing pattern and/or breath shape. Together, these results establish a comprehensive atlas of opioid and opioid-like receptor expression throughout the brainstem, laying the essential groundwork for further evaluation of opioid neuromodulation across the broad spectrum of behaviors.
NEK10 tyrosine phosphorylates β-catenin to regulate its cytoplasmic turnover

Nek kinases are involved in regulating several different elements of the centrosomal cycle, primary cilia function, and DNA damage responses. Unlike the other members of the Nek family, which are serine-threonine kinases, Nek10 preferentially targets tyrosines. Nek10 appears to have a broad role in DNA damage responses, regulating a MAPK-activated G2/M checkpoint following UV irradiation and influencing the p53-mediated activation induced by genotoxicity. In an attempt to identify additional Nek10 functions, we characterized the effect of Nek10 deletion in lung cancer cells, where it is relatively highly expressed. Nek10 absence led to an increase in both the signaling and adherens junctions pools of β-catenin. Mechanistically, Nek10 associates with the Axin complex where it phosphorylates β-catenin at Tyr30, located within the regulatory region governing β-catenin turnover. In the absence of Nek10 phosphorylation, GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin, a prerequisite for its turnover, was significantly impaired. Stabilization of β-catenin driven by Nek10 loss diminished the ability of cells to form tumorspheres in suspension, grow in soft agar, and colonize mouse lung tissue following tail vein injections.
Integrating human iPSC-derived macrophage progenitors into retinal organoids to generate a mature retinal microglial niche

In the retina, microglia are resident immune cells that are essential for retinal development and function. Retinal microglia play a central role in mediating pathological degeneration in diseases such as glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, age-related neurodegeneration, ischemic retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy. Current models of mature human retinal organoids (ROs) derived from iPS cell (hiPSC) do not contain resident microglia integrated into retinal layers. Increasing cellular diversity in ROs by including resident microglia would more accurately represent the native retina and better model diseases in which microglia play a key role. In this study, we develop a new 3D in vitro tissue model of microglia-containing retinal organoids by co-culturing ROs and hiPSC-derived macrophage precursor cells (MPCs). We optimized the parameters for successful integration of MPCs into retinal organoids. We then reproducibly integrate MPCs into ROs where they develop into mature microglia (iMG) as seen by 1) migration to the appropriate anatomical locations; 2) development of a mature resting morphology; and 3) expression of mature microglial markers. We show that while in the ROs, MPCs migrate to the equivalent of the outer plexiform layer where retinal microglia cells reside in healthy retinal tissue. While there, they develop a mature morphology characterized by small cell bodies and long branching processes which is only observed in vivo. During this maturation process these microglia cycle through an activated phase followed by a stable mature phase characterized by cell-type specific microglia markers Tmem119 and P2ry12. This co-culture system may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of retinal diseases involving retinal microglia and for drug discovery.
Computational Methods of Integration of Deterministic Systems, which are Described by Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations

The result of the work is obtaining difference schemes for dynamic systems, which are described by systems of ordinary differential equations of the second order based on the classical methods of Bossak, Newmark and the generalized α-method. For the developed modifications of the methods, the corresponding software was developed in the MATLAB system of applied mathematics for conducting numerical experiments and testing methods
Information software of multi-level systems of monitoring and diagnostics of complex technical objects

The article is considered intellectual information systems for monitoring and diagnosing complex technical objects, considering modern information technologies. Computer intellectualization ways of the functioning modes of such complex technical objects are shown. The analysis of efficiency parameters is carried out and made it possible to determine the main task decomposition of developing methods and means of building adaptive systems of multi-level monitoring and diagnosis of complex technical objects. The peculiarity of the work is to solve the building systems complex task of multi-level monitoring and diagnosing complex technical objects as integrated systems based on the self-organization principles of complex systems. The proposed two-level system for monitoring and diagnosing the condition of complex industrial facilities, which differs from analogues in the ability to automatically select the optimal operating modes of subsystems when the characteristics of the incoming flow of applications change, is a single approach that allows synthesizing the optimal structure of multi-level monitoring and diagnosis systems at the design stage and choosing the optimal operating mode of subsystems during operation. The research method of multi-level monitoring and diagnosis systems based on the multi-level model of mass service using the block of adaptation to changes in the intensity of the incoming flow is presented. The work presents the development of a generalized criterion for assessing the effectiveness of research into systems of multi-level monitoring and diagnosis of complex technical objects and partial criteria for each subsystem, as well as research and analysis of methods and means of organizing adaptive systems of multi-level monitoring and diagnosis of complex technical objects and the selection of effective modes work.
Pattern Handling for Quantifying Hardware Components of Signature-Based Cybersecurity Systems

Cybersecurity Systems such as network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) successfully use artificial intelligence technologies and other anomaly-based approaches to detect malicious activity. But only the signature approach allows you to completely eliminate recognition errors. This is especially relevant for critical infrastructure facilities. However, a significant drawback of signature-based tools is the high computational complexity: the NIDS has in real time to look through an intensive flow of incoming data against a lot of signatures –registered signs of known attacks. Therefore, the developers of such systems turn to hardware implementation, primarily on a reconfigurable platform, that is, using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The property of FPGAs to quickly reprogram their internal structure gives reconfigurable cybersecurity systems unprecedented flexibility, allowing them to adapt to external conditions. There are many different approaches to construct schemes to recognize patterns (which are parts of the signatures), as well their variations, modifications and improvements. Choosing the optimal technical solution for recognizing a specific set of patterns is not a trivial task. Besides having qualitative information about the variety of known schemes, it is strongly needed to be able to quickly quantify reconfigurable components to build on them optimized signature-based cybersecurity systems. This requires in turn to effectively handling the patterns that are important parts of FPGA-based schemes of NIDS’ recognition components. The paper proposes a pattern set formalization description and a technique to order patterns that simplifies calculating quantitative characteristics of recognition schemes without performing expensive procedure of digital circuit synthesis using CAD tool.
Selection of Face Detection and Recognition Algorithms for the E-learning System

The relevance of the development and implementation of photo fixation and face recognition tools in e-learning systems is substantiated, and an extended list of problems that should be solved is formulated. The main algorithms and approaches to the detection and recognition of faces were considered, as a result of which an effective combination of algorithms was chosen, suitable for use in the means of testing knowledge in learning management systems.
ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Second-Order Accurate Volume-of-Fluid Algorithms for Tracking Material Interfaces

We introduce two new volume-of-fluid interface reconstruction algorithms and compare the accuracy of these algorithms to four other widely used volume-of-fluid interface reconstruction algorithms. We find that the new methods are second-order accurate and the other algorithms are first-order accurate. We conjecture that a necessary and sufficient condition for a stable volume-of-fluid algorithm to be second-order accurate is that it reproduce straight lines (or planes in 3D) exactly. We also introduce a second-order, unsplit, volumeof-fluid advection algorithm that is based on a second-order, finite difference method for scalar conservation laws due to Bell, Dawson and Shubin. We test this advection algorithm by modeling several different interface shapes propagating in two simple incompressible flows and compare the results with the standard secondorder, operator-split advection algorithm. Although both methods are second-order accurate, we find that the unsplit algorithm exhibits noticeably better resolution in regions where the interface has discontinuous derivatives, such as at corners. t Work of both authors at U. C. Davis supported by the National Science Foundation under grants DMS-9104472 and DMS-9404410 and by the Mathematical, Information and Computational Sciences Division in the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Research under contract DE-FG03-95ER25271. Work of the second author at LBNL was provided by the Applied Mathematical Sciences Program of the DOE Office of Mathematics, Information, and Computational Sciences under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098 and by the Defense Nuclear Agency under IACRO 963075.
Broadband blueshift tunable metamaterials and dual-band switches

We propose a design and numerical study of an optically tunable metamaterial based on an electric-field-coupled inductor-capacitor resonator variant in the terahertz regime. In contrast to earlier proposed structures, we demonstrate that a blueshift of the resonance frequency under illumination can be accomplished with realistic material parameters and a broadband tuning range on the order of 40% has been demonstrated, which is found to be based on a photoconductivity-induced mode-switching effect. We also present a variant of this structure, which simultaneously possesses two resonance frequencies and can be used as an optically switchable dual-band resonator. Our all-optical modulators and switches may offer a step forward in filling the ``THz gap. ''
Clutter-adaptive detection of small surface objects in maritime surveillance videos via shared features integration

Abstract. Small surface object detection, an important but challenging task for maritime surveillance applications, usually contends with constant changing weather and lighting conditions in realistic atmospheric scenes. This paper presents a novel clutter-adaptive small surface object detection method for use in harbor or maritime scenarios. First, shared features of small surface objects in various cluttered backgrounds are explored, such as dark channel priors, scene geometry constraints, position priors of potential objects in maritime images, similar variances of background pixels in spatial and temporal directions, local contrast in center-surrounding windows, and so on. Then, using Bayesian inference, a probabilistic model is derived to integrate these shared features into our detection framework. The detection algorithm based on the probabilistic model is finally tested on our dataset, which consists of maritime images taken by an onboard camera under various weather/lighting conditions. Extensive experimental results show that, compared with some latest algorithms, our method is more effective for small surface object detection when the background is unknown or constant changing.
Unexpected operative death from hemorrhage: a review of six cases and recommendations

All busy surgeons will eventually face a severe intraoperative hemorrhage and about one-third will have an intraoperative death. Situational awareness is the key to good operating room leadership and clinical performance. Technical, emotional, and professional skills are equally necessary. When hemorrhage occurs, some surgeons are affected by a “startle” response and freeze. An immediate surgical plan to stop the hemorrhage by pressure or direct vascular control is required. A stable patient presents other options such as waiting for additional surgical or interventional help; an unstable patient does not. The operating room team and family look to the surgeon as the threat-and-error manager. The surgeon must fill this role with a skilled, open, and compassionate approach rather than a hesitant, protective, or defensive approach. The urgent needs of the patient can require a surgeon to perform an unfamiliar or unpracticed exposure when there is no safe alternative. The emotional and professional cost of a fatal intraoperative hemorrhage is significant. With preparation, a better path for the surgeon, operating room staff and patient is possible. This review presents six actual scenarios of managing hemorrhage in orthopaedic surgery.
Risk factors for local recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone of the extremities: a retrospective study

Background: Although considered as a benign tumor, giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) has an aggressive biological behavior with high tendency for local recurrence (LR). The most commonly used method of treatment of GCTB is intralesional curettage augmented by various types of local adjuvants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of recurrence of GCTB after surgical treatment to detect the risk factors that may influence the rate of LR. Methods: Fifty-two cases of GCTB that had been treated in a university hospital musculoskeletal oncology unit, between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed after minimal follow-up of 4 yr and risk factors of LR were determined. Results: All LRs occurred within the first 3 yr (4 to 31 mo). Curettage was used to manage 34 patient cases, from which 11 patients (32.4%) showed LR. Only one patient (5.6%) of the 18 wide local excision patients developed recurrence. The highest recurrence rate was found among the lesions of the proximal femur. Neither the tumor volume nor the pathological grade had a significant impact on the rate of LR. The presence of soft-tissue invasion, occurrence of pathological fracture at presentation and using curettage as a method of treatment were associated with significantly higher rate of LR. Conclusions: Lesions in the proximal femur, occurrence of pathological fracture at presentation, soft-tissue invasion, and curettage as management option were found to be associated with an increased risk of LR of GCTB. Level of Evidence: Level III
SINGULAR LIMITS FOR 2-DIMENSIONAL ELLIPTIC PROBLEM WITH EXPONENTIALLY DOMINATED NONLINEARITY AND SINGULAR DATA

We study existence of solutions with singular limits for a 2-dimensional semilinear elliptic problem with exponential dominated nonlinearity and a singular source term given by Dirac masses, imposing Dirichlet boundary condition. This paper extends previous results obtained in [3, 8]. We mainly use the method of domain decomposition.
On the Structure of Pulse Jet

Mesures des variations dans l'espace et dans le temps des composantes radiales et axiales de vitesse et de la pression dans un jet par impulsion produit de facon intermittente par une vanne electromagnetique dans l'air calme. Examen des caracteristiques du jet par comparaison des resultats avec ceux d'un jet stationnaire
Linewidth reduction of site-controlled InGaN quantum dots by surface passivation

Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) semiconductor quantum dots are an attractive candidate for scalable room temperature quantum photonics applications owing to their large exciton binding energy and large oscillation strength. Previously, we reported single photon emission from site-controlled InGaN quantum dot structures. However, large homogeneous linewidth and significant non-radiative recombination were thought to be linked to the nearby surface charge centers. These charge centers can lead to spectral diffusion and excessive non-radiative recombinations at high temperature. In this work, ammonium sulfide passivation was investigated. Nitrogen vacancies were successfully passivated by ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2Sx) treatment, and the emission linewidth of a single quantum dot was reduced by 5 meV. Furthermore, the linewidth broadening with an increasing temperature was suppressed in the temperature range from 9 K to 95 K in this study. Satellite emission peak believed to be associated with the nitrogen vacancy was observed for un-passivated quantum dots. The satellite peak was 55 ~ 80 meV away from the main InGaN emission peak and was eliminated after sulfide passivation.
Spatial Tasking in Human-Robot Collaborative Exploration

This work develops a methodology for collaborative human-robot exploration that leverages implicit coordination. Most autonomous single-and multi-robot exploration systems require a remote operator to provide explicit guidance to the robot team. Few works consider how to integrate the human partner alongside robots to provide guidance in the field. A challenge for collaborative human-robot exploration is the efficient communication of goals from the human to the robot. For applications like search and rescue, which are time-sensitive and high-stress endeavors, robot assistants must provide value for human partners to motivate deployment in the field. In this thesis, we develop a methodology that implicitly communicates a region of interest from a helmet-mounted depth camera on the human’s head to the robot and an information gain-based exploration objective that biases motion planning within the viewpoint provided by the human. We also study the human perception of robot efficiency in a search task to better understand how to design and develop robots that explore alongside human partners. The result is an aerial system that safely accesses regions of interest that may not be immediately viewable or reachable by the human. The approach is evaluated in simulation and with hardware experiments in a motion capture arena. Our findings from the subject study suggest that users’ trust in the robot is highly dependent on mission success. Additionally, participants perceived that they had more control over the robot’s actions when the mission was successful, and the robot as being more in control when the mission failed. The results highlight the importance of designing robust robots with transparent behaviors for successful human-robot collaboration.