Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bäcklund transformations, D-branes and fluxes in minimal type 0 strings

We study the type 0A string theory in the (2, 4k) superconformal minimal model backgrounds, focusing on the fully non-perturbative string equations which define the partition function of the model. The equations admit a parameter, Γ, which in the spacetime interpretation controls the number of background D-branes, or R–R flux units, depending upon which weak coupling regime is taken. We study the properties of the string equations (often focusing on the (2, 4) model in particular) and their physical solutions. The solutions are the potential for an associated Schrödinger problem whose wavefunction is that of an extended D-brane probe. We perform a numerical study of the spectrum of this system for varying Γ and establish that when Γ is a positive integer the equations' solutions have special properties consistent with the spacetime interpretation. We also show that a natural solution-generating transformation (that changes Γ by an integer) is the Bäcklund transformation of the KdV hierarchy specialized to (scale invariant) solitons at the zero velocity. Our results suggest that the localized D-branes of the minimal string theories are directly related to the solitons of the KdV hierarchy.
Nominal juxtaposition in Australian languages: An LFG analysis1

It is well known that Australian languages make heavy use of nominal juxtaposition in a wide variety of functions, but there is little discussion in the theoretical literature of how such juxtapositions should be analysed. We discuss a range of data from Australian languages illustrating how multiple nominals share a single grammatical function within the clause. We argue that such constructions should be treated syntactically as set-valued grammatical functions in Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). Sets as values for functions are well-established in LFG and are used in the representation of adjuncts, and also in the representation of coordination. In many Australian languages, coordination is expressed asyndetically, that is, by nominal juxtaposition with no overt coordinator at all. We argue that the syntactic similarity of all juxtaposed constructions (ranging from coordination through a number of more appositional relations) motivates an analysis in which they are treated similarly in the syntax, but suitably distinguished in the semantics. We show how this can be achieved within LFG, providing a unified treatment of the syntax of juxtaposition in Australian languages and showing how the interface to the semantics can be quite straightforwardly defined in the modular LFG approach.
CD 8 Surface Levels Alter the Fate of c ~ / 3 T Cell Receptor-expressing Thymocytes in Transgenic Mice

From the *DeWitt Wallace Research Laboratory, Program in Molecular Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Slaan-Kettering Cancer Center and Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, Cornell University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York 10021; and the *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Genetics and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
A strategy for agribusiness demands prospective analysis in agricultural R&D in Brazil

This paper has the objective of introducing a conceptual and methodological framework, as well as a strategy for setting agricultural R&D priorities based on client demands to Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) a large public agricultural research organization. It is the result of a five year project aiming at developing a strategy, conceptual framework and methodology for determining R&D client demands, using a technological demands prospective analysis of agricultural production chains. Besides strategy, conceptual framework and methodology development, the project also included results validation, training of key personnel and application of technological demands analysis in determining R&D demands in several Embrapa R&D centers. This paper also discusses results of some studies carried out on R&D demands determination and further applications of prospective analysis of production chains, in agricultural research environment as well as in planning of development organizations.
Rapid Encoding of Run Lengths and Pyramid Cubic Lattices

We can encode rare events with an overhead of about 1.56 bits/event. The contribution of the overhead to the total length of the code is negligible. The encoding and decoding time counted in operations over bits per bit of the code does not depend on the number of appearances of the events. We also present algorithms of the same speed which enumerate the pyramid cubic lattices with an overhead of about 1.56 bits/dimension. The overhead is the price for reaching the ultimate (to within a constant factor) encoding and decoding speed.
Calibration of implied volatility surface using Tikhonov regularization

We examine the empirical performance of a Tikhonov-regularized implied volatility surface for the purpose of pricing European-style options. Our findings indicate that the performance of the model is comparable to the best performing implied volatility surface-based model reported in current literature. Moreover, the calibration of the Tikhonov regularized model requires significantly less calibration time than the implied volatility fitted by minimizing the nonlinear least-squares objective.
MR-runner: a modularized map-reduce job management tool

Map-Reduce is a powerful solution for processing and analyzing large-scale data. Just as Hadoop and Spark are able to deal with terabyte data and even more. Users only need to complete "map" and "reduce" function, the Map-Reduce framework can finish variety jobs. But many machine learning and data mining algorithms cannot leverage the Map-Reduce framework or it would take large efforts to modify the algorithm itself. This issue can be explained by the following ways: 1. Map-Reduce is a batch operation so that most of Map-Reduce frameworks do not built-in to support iteration. 2. Map-Reduce is absolutely parallel, each vertex cannot obtain all records, so none of them could get the global optimal model. In this paper, we proposed a job management tool to enable the Map-Reduce framework to support iteration, called "de-parallel". This make the Map-Reduce framework like Hadoop so that Map-Reduce could run more algorithms and support more various tasks. In addition, our tool does not modify the Map-Reduce framework itself. In face MR-Runner interacts with Map-Reduce framework like a "client", therefore MR-Runner could be deployed in any single PC instead of Map-Reduce cluster. We also abstract the mainly interface related to Map-Reduce frameworks, this makes our tool portable to the representative Map-Reduce frameworks.
2 . 2 . Principle of the Motion Capture with Prioritized IK

This paper explores the potential of prioritized Inverse Kinematics for full body motion capture. We are especially interested in compensating for the use of a minimal set of sensors by proposing pertinent constraints associated with a priority level. We evaluate the believability issues and the performance requirements arising through a case study exploiting recorded motions of professional clarinet performers. We conclude by presenting a framework in which end users can easily configure the IK engine for 3D real-time interaction.
An efficient exact algorithm for finding two link-disjoint paths with related path cost and QoS constraint

We consider here a problem of QoS routing in survivable networks which provides protection against link failures. In this problem, a pair of link-disjoint paths between the source and the destination has to be established in which they satisfy the total delay path constraint and a related paths cost is optimal (the SNOP-D problem). Although this is a complex problem, the NP-hard behavior seems only to occur in specially constructed graphs, which are unlikely to occur in realistic communication networks. That is the main reason to consider exact multi-constrained routing algorithms. We propose in this paper an efficient exhaustive search algorithm SNOP-D for solving it which is based on the brach-and-bound technique. The major contribution of this paper is an efficient algorithm for finding a primal upper bound of the optimal objective value of this problem. Based on this primal bound, the brach-and-bound search can then perform efficiently. Simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed technique.
NETWORK MODELING OF PUBLIC GOODS GAMES

The emergence of social cohesion, connectivity between individuals and cooperation, is a central feature in the overall functioning of a society. Well-functioning societies tend to have high levels of cooperation and social cohesion [2, 5] while the opposite is true of less functional societies [2]. Increasingly, the interaction pattern or topological structure of social groups has been shown to play a significant role in the evolution of cooperative behavior, particularly showing cooperation enhancement through network inhomogeneity [4]. To study this emergence of cooperation, we consider a simplified game theoretic model of interacting agents, a repeated public goods game (PGG) involving mobile players with two different behavior strategies: cooperators and defectors. In such a game, cooperators contribute a certain amount to the public good and defectors do not, yet all players receive an equal share of the sum multiplied by a synergy factor. If every player cooperates, then everyone benefits. Yet, if every player defects, then no one benefits. Clearly, an individual is better off when the group as a whole has a high level of cooperation. However, an individual who defects still receives the group benefits without any cost. This so-called free-rider problem, may lead to a situation in which no one cooperates. Yet, cooperation persists in real societies.
Estimating Taylor Rules for Switzerland: Evidence from 2000 to 2012

This paper estimates Taylor rules using real-time inflation forecasts of the Swiss National Bank's (SNB) ARIMA model and real-time model-based internal estimates of the output gap since the onset of the monetary policy concept adopted in 2000. To study how market participants understand the SNB's behavior, we compare these Taylor rules to marketexpected rules using Consensus Economics survey-based measures of expectations. In light of the recent financial crisis, the zero-lower bound period and the subsequent massive Swiss franc appreciation, we analyze potential nonlinearity of the rules using a novel semi-parametric approach. First, the results show that the SNB reacts more strongly to its ARIMA inflation forecasts three and four quarters ahead than to forecasts at shorter horizons. Second, market participants have expected a higher inflation responsiveness of the SNB than found with the central bank's data. Third, the best fitting specification includes a reaction to the nominal effective Swiss franc appreciation. Finally, the semiparametric regressions suggest that the central bank reacts to movements in the output gap and the exchange rate to the extent that they become a concern for price stability and economic activity.
Visual Analysis of Source Code Similarities

Software systems typically consist of many lines of source code organized in several files hierarchically structured into directories and packages. Since the code is the key data in software development, in many scenarios an overview of it is required, in particular for similar code passages. In this paper, we investigate the visual analysis of source code similarities for local as well as global code passages. To this end, we first compute all subsequence occurrence frequencies (support metric) and relative occurrence frequencies (confidence metric) in local as well as global code regions. The resulting textual data attached by its occurrence values is displayed in a triangular matrix. Several interaction techniques are integrated in our visualization tool which are illustrated in the corresponding case study illustrating similarities in source code written in Assembler consisting of 10,641 characters.
Bacterial sugar utilization gives rise to distinct single‐cell behaviours

Inducible utilization pathways reflect widespread microbial strategies to uptake and consume sugars from the environment. Despite their broad importance and extensive characterization, little is known how these pathways naturally respond to their inducing sugar in individual cells. Here, we performed single‐cell analyses to probe the behaviour of representative pathways in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. We observed diverse single‐cell behaviours, including uniform responses (d‐lactose, d‐galactose, N‐acetylglucosamine, N‐acetylneuraminic acid), ‘all‐or‐none’ responses (d‐xylose, l‐rhamnose) and complex combinations thereof (l‐arabinose, d‐gluconate). Mathematical modelling and probing of genetically modified pathways revealed that the simple framework underlying these pathways – inducible transport and inducible catabolism – could give rise to most of these behaviours. Sugar catabolism was also an important feature, as disruption of catabolism eliminated tunable induction as well as enhanced memory of previous conditions. For instance, disruption of catabolism in pathways that respond to endogenously synthesized sugars led to full pathway induction even in the absence of exogenous sugar. Our findings demonstrate the remarkable flexibility of this simple biological framework, with direct implications for environmental adaptation and the engineering of synthetic utilization pathways as titratable expression systems and for metabolic engineering.
Personal Mesh : A Design of Flexible Internet Access for Personal Area Network

We have designed and implemented a personal area network named Personal Mesh to provide mobile user in pervasive environment with flexible access to various computing and networking resources. We have worked on several technical issues such as access link resource management, end-to-end mobility support mechanism using session information, context-sensitive dynamic access link handoff mechanism. In this paper, we describe the design and our implementation of Personal Mesh and show the effectiveness of our system by experiment.
Rapid Recycling of Ca2+ between IP3-Sensitive Stores and Lysosomes

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) evokes release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but the resulting Ca2+ signals are shaped by interactions with additional intracellular organelles. Bafilomycin A1, which prevents lysosomal Ca2+ uptake by inhibiting H+ pumping into lysosomes, increased the amplitude of the initial Ca2+ signals evoked by carbachol in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Carbachol alone and carbachol in combination with parathyroid hormone (PTH) evoke Ca2+ release from distinct IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores in HEK cells stably expressing human type 1 PTH receptors. Bafilomycin A1 similarly exaggerated the Ca2+ signals evoked by carbachol or carbachol with PTH, indicating that Ca2+ released from distinct IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores is sequestered by lysosomes. The Ca2+ signals resulting from store-operated Ca2+ entry, whether evoked by thapsigargin or carbachol, were unaffected by bafilomycin A1. Using Gd3+ (1 mM) to inhibit both Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ extrusion, HEK cells were repetitively stimulated with carbachol to assess the effectiveness of Ca2+ recycling to the ER after IP3-evoked Ca2+ release. Blocking lysosomal Ca2+ uptake with bafilomycin A1 increased the amplitude of each carbachol-evoked Ca2+ signal without affecting the rate of Ca2+ recycling to the ER. This suggests that Ca2+ accumulated by lysosomes is rapidly returned to the ER. We conclude that lysosomes rapidly, reversibly and selectively accumulate the Ca2+ released by IP3 receptors residing within distinct Ca2+ stores, but not the Ca2+ entering cells via receptor-regulated, store-operated Ca2+ entry pathways.
Prediabetes Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Testosterone Deficiency, Independent of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Objective The association between type 2 diabetes and low testosterone has been well recognized. However, testosterone levels in men with prediabetes have been rarely reported. We aimed to investigate whether prediabetes was associated with an increased risk of testosterone deficiency. Methods This study included 1,306 men whose sex hormones was measured during a medical examination. Serum total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured; free and bioavailable testosterone concentrations were calculated by Vermeulen’s formula. Prediabetes was defined by impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired postprandial glucose (IPG), or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.7%-6.4%. Logistic regression was performed to obtain the odds ratios (OR) for subnormal total testosterone (<300 ng/dL) or free testosterone (<6 ng/dL) in prediabetic and diabetic men compared with normoglycemic individuals, while adjusting for age, BMI, waist circumference, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Results Normoglycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes were diagnosed in 577 (44.2%), 543 (41.6%), and 186 (14.2%) men, respectively. Prediabetes was associated with an increased risk of subnormal total testosterone compared to normoglycemic individuals (age-adjusted OR=1.87; 95%CI=1.38-2.54). The risk remained significant in all multivariate analyses. After adjusting for MetS, the OR in prediabetic men equals that of diabetic patients (1.49 versus 1.50). IFG, IPG, and HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% were all associated with an increased risk of testosterone deficiency, with different levels of significance in multivariate analyses. However, neither prediabetes nor diabetes was associated with subnormal free testosterone in multivariate analyses. Conclusions Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of testosterone deficiency, independent of obesity and MetS. After adjusting for MetS, the risk equals that of diabetes. Our data suggest that testosterone should be measured routinely in men with prediabetes.
Active listening and interaction using Index of Co-Incidence and Birthday problem with Hidden Markov Models

The objective of the study is to look into a new method to build a human machine interactive system using active listening where machine becomes an active listener based on different states of emotions with which the machine interacts. Using the Index of Co-Incidence we determine the relationships between the emotion-states. The Birthday problem is used to determine the relationships between the visible words with each emotion state. Both of these inputs are given to the Hidden Markov Models model to determine the emotion emitted from the visible words, to decide which statement needs to be identified to continue the conversation during Active Listening. This paper proposes emotion recognition using the new concept of birthday problem and Index of Co-Incidence.
Long-term data on corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil treatment in lupus nephritis.

OBJECTIVE We investigated the long-term outcome of patients with proliferative LN treated with CSs and MMF. METHODS This was a single-centre retrospective study on patients with biopsy-proven class III/IV ± V LN treated with prednisolone and MMF continuously as both early and maintenance immunosuppression. RESULTS Sixty-five patients were included, and followed for 91.9 (47.7) months. All received prednisolone and MMF as induction immunosuppression. In 31 patients, maintenance immunosuppression comprised prednisolone and MMF only (MMF-MMF group). MMF was replaced with AZA in 23 patients (MMF-AZA), and with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) in 11 patients (MMF-CNI) at sometime during follow-up. Ten-year patient and renal survival rates were 91% and 86%, respectively, and were similar in the three groups. MMF-MMF group showed better relapse-free survival than MMF-AZA and MMF-CNI patients (76% vs 56% vs 43%, respectively at 5 years; 69% vs 32% vs 0%, respectively at 10 years; MMF-MMF vs MMF-AZA or MMF-CNI, P = 0.049 or 0.019, respectively; MMF-AZA vs MMF-CNI, P = 0.490). Patients treated with MMF for >24 months had better relapse-free survival than those treated for shorter durations (88% vs 48% at 5 years; 81% vs 28% at 10 years; P < 0.001). Renal function at 10 years was better in the MMF-MMF group. Anaemia was associated with MMF treatment. Other adverse events were comparable and relatively minor with MMF, AZA or CNI as maintenance. CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with CSs and MMF from induction to maintenance phase is associated with relatively favourable long-term outcome in Chinese LN patients. Discontinuation of MMF before 24 months may increase the risk of flares.
Herding BitTorrent Traffic away from Expensive ISP Links

The steady increase in access link capacity of broadband subscribers coupled with the significant increase in traffic, partially due to popular peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing applications, has had an adverse economic impact on last-mile Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Reducing the cost associated with P2P traffic has become a major issue for ISPs worldwide and has triggered several proposals. However, previous works advocate for changes to P2P software or require application-specific packet identification and manipulation. This paper presents a distinct approach. We leverage on the observation that traffic costs can be reduced by diverting traffic away from expensive links and into cheaper links. We focus on BitTorrent (BT) traffic and propose a change to the ISP’s access router packet schedulers in order to divert traffic away from links labeled as expensive by the ISP. Our proposed packet scheduler is stateless. Our approach requires no change to applications, is blind to packet payload, and only requires changes to access routers of ISPs that desire to reduce their BT traffic costs. Our simulation and experimental results indicate that our approach can successfully herd BT traffic towards cheaper links (up to 50% reduction), without sacrificing user-level performance.
Two-Channel Kondo Lattice: An Incoherent Metal.

The paramagnetic phase of the two-channel Kondo lattice model is examined with a quantum Monte Carlo simulation in the limit of infinite dimensions. We find non-Fermi-liquid behavior at low temperatures including a finite low-temperature single-particle scattering rate, no Fermi distribution discontinuity, and zero Drude weight. However, the low-energy density of electronic states is finite. We label our model system in this phase an {open_quote}{open_quote}incoherent metal. {close_quote}{close_quote}We discuss the relevance of our results for concentrated heavy fermion metals with non-Fermi-liquid behavior. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Import Demand: Evidence from Turkey

Since 2001 financial crisis, Turkey has adopted fluctuating exchange rate regime in order to make the economy stronger against external shocks. This has lead to a high volatility of Turkish lira against to foreign currencies. Therefore, it became essential for policy makers to evaluate the potential effects of exchange rate volatility on international trade. The purpose of this study is to provide new evidence on the effects of exchange rate volatility on the import demand of Turkey along with income and price elasticities. Our data cover the period 2010:01 to 2010:05. We, initially, employed a GARCH model to evaluate exchange rate volatility one of the independent variables that estimate real import. The study also includes conventional determinants such as relative price level of imports and real GDP. Afterwards, our paper investigates long-run and short-run relationship between real imports and its determinants by using ARDL error correction model. The empirical results indicate that real exchange rate volatility of local currency has significant and reverse effect on import demand. Keywords: Exchange rate volatility, Import demand, GARCH model, ARDL error correction model, Turkey.