Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Winter precipitation variability and corresponding teleconnections over the northeastern United States

The variability of winter precipitation over the northeastern United States and the corresponding teleconnections with five dominant large‐scale modes of climate variability (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, AMO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO; Pacific‐North American pattern, PNA; Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO; and El Niño–Southern Oscillation, ENSO) were systemically analyzed in this study. Three leading patterns of winter precipitation were first generated by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The correlation analysis shows that the first pattern is significantly correlated with PNA and PDO, the second pattern is significantly correlated with NAO and AMO, and the third pattern is significantly correlated with ENSO, PNA, and PDO. To verify the physical sense of the EOF patterns and their correlations, composite analysis was applied to the precipitation anomalies, which reproduced the three EOF spatial patterns. Multiple linear regression models generated using indices of all five modes of climate variability show higher explained variances. Composite analyses of geopotential height, sea level pressure, relative humidity, and moisture flux field were performed to find the physical mechanisms behind the teleconnections. When the findings are applied to the extreme drought of the 1960s, it is found that besides a continuous negative NAO pattern, a negative PNA pattern and La Niña conditions also contributed to the drought of winter season by influencing moisture flux and the position of storm tracks. Another case, the 2009/2010 winter with positive precipitation anomalies over the coastal region, is found to be resulted from circulation patterns dominated by major El Niño condition with high‐PNA and PDO indices.
Mechanistic Insights into Neurotoxicity Induced by Anesthetics in the Developing Brain

Compelling evidence has shown that exposure to anesthetics used in the clinic can cause neurodegeneration in the mammalian developing brain, but the basis of this is not clear. Neurotoxicity induced by exposure to anesthestics in early life involves neuroapoptosis and impairment of neurodevelopmental processes such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and immature glial development. These effects may subsequently contribute to behavior abnormalities in later life. In this paper, we reviewed the possible mechanisms of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity based on new in vitro and in vivo findings. Also, we discussed ways to protect against anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and their implications for exploring cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection. These findings help in improving our understanding of developmental neurotoxicology and in avoiding adverse neurological outcomes in anesthesia practice.
2.5 Gbit/s PRBS Generator and Checker

A novel approach in the implementation of a high-speed linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) using a single D-flip-flop is presented. A PRBS data generator and checker using discrete-logical devices are presented as an example. Due to the discrete-logical components used, special device-interconnection techniques must be used to reduce the signal-integrity problems and optimize the device interconnection for optimal system performance
Application of the ANFIS model in deflection prediction of concrete deep beam

With the ongoing development in the computer science areas of artificial intelligence and computational intelligence, researchers are able to apply them successfully in the construction industry. Given the complexities indeep beam behaviour and the difficulties in accurate evaluation of its deflection, the current study has employed the Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as one of the modelling tools to predict deflection for high strength self compacting concrete (HSSCC) deep beams. In this study, about 3668measured data on eight HSSCC deep beams are considered. Effective input data and the corresponding deflection as output data were recorded at all loading stages up to failure load for all tested deep beams. The results of ANFIS modelling and the classical linear regression were compared and concluded that the ANFIS results are highly accurate, precise and satisfactory.
Video analytics for surveillance camera networks

International usage and interest in Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) for surveillance of public spaces has proved to be an effective in forensic, or reactive response to crime and terrorism. In the ideal scenario, it would be useful to detect events, in real-time or close to real-time, in order to mitigate possible harm. However, it is an issue to adequately monitor the video feeds with security guards. In this paper, we address the key problems in the existing surveillance system, followed by some discussions on the integration of social signal and video search to enhance the traditional surveillance system. We shows the performance of face-based identity inference under surveillance. as well as video indexing and search results. Finally, we discuss the related future research direction in this area.
Attitudes of Neonatologists Toward Delivery Room Management of Confirmed Trisomy 18: Potential Factors Influencing a Changing Dynamic

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to determine the attitude of neonatal providers toward delivery room resuscitation of an infant with confirmed trisomy 18 with known congenital heart disease at ≥36 weeks of gestation. METHODS. A multiple-choice questionnaire listing this clinical scenario was completed by neonatologists and fellows staffing level III NICUs. Potential factors influencing the decision to initiate resuscitation included maternal preference, neonatal condition at birth, obstetric care, and legal concerns. RESULTS. Fifty-four (76%) of 71 surveys were completed. Of respondents, 44% indicated that they would be willing to initiate resuscitation. Maternal preference (70%) was the primary reason to initiate resuscitation, with the appearance of the neonate in the delivery room (46%) and legal concerns (25%) as additional factors. CONCLUSIONS. Until recently, there was universal consensus that trisomy 18 was a lethal anomaly for which resuscitation in the delivery room was not indicated. These data indicate that more providers (44%) than anticipated would consider initiation of resuscitation for an infant with trisomy 18 even with congenital heart disease. We speculate that support for the best-interest standard for neonates is diminishing in favor of ceding without question to parental autonomy. This shift may have profound implications for ethical decisions in the NICU.
Time-Out Lattice Sequential Decoding for the MIMO ARQ Channel

The optimal diversity-multiplexing-delay tradeoff for the multi- input multi-output (MIMO) automatic repeat request (ARQ) channel can be achieved using an incremental redundancy lattice space- time codes. The optimal tradeoff has been shown in [1] to be achieved using a list lattice decoder for joint detection and decoding. However, such decoder suffers from high computational complexity for low-to-moderate signal-to-noise ratios, especially for large signal's dimension. In this paper, we would like to construct a more efficient decoder that is capable of achieving the optimal tradeoff with much lower complexity. We show, analytically and via simulation, that using a modified lattice sequential decoder for joint error detection and correction in the MIMO ARQ channel, the optimal tradeoff can be achieved with significant reduction in decoder complexity at a very small degradation in performance.
Communicative robot interface for the ageing society

Supporting the elder people's independent life is needed for the imminent ageing societies. Assistance should be provided from both physical and cognitive aspects. The houses enhanced by use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) are called smart homes and they proved to be useful for physical assistance for the elder persons. Communication is important to improve elderly people's moods and interactive robots are another promising ICT to provide mental or cognitive support for the elder people. In this paper, effects of the interactive robots are evaluated based on a real-life experiment with a couple of husband and wife in their sixties. The impression of the interactive robots is analyzed based on the score of SD (Semantic Differential) method.
Domestic Violence and Its Impact on the Social and Emotional Development of Young Children

Introduction Population statistics from the U.S. indicate that 29.4% of children in dual-parent homes live in a family in which partner violence has occurred within the last year. Even when children in violent homes are not the target of abuse by parents, they are frequently involved in their parents' violence in other ways that put them at risk. Children are at physical risk when they intervene in their parents' fights or accidentally get caught in the "crossfire. " Children may also experience psychological distress, especially when they are in the position of having to report the violence to authorities and even testify in legal proceedings related to charges against a parent. This distress may be compounded by parents' attempts to blame the child for the parents' conflict and aggression.
PULMONARY VENTILATION IN PREGNANCY *

Serial tests of ventilatory function were made in 38 normal primigravidae during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy all patients showed major changes in tidal volume, functional residual capacity and residual volume. Minor changes were found in many other measurements, all of which occurred at an early stage of pregnancy. Most of the obvious alterations cannot be accounted for adequately by mechanical disturbance from the gravid uterus.
Semidefinite Programming Based Preconditioning for More Robust Near-Separable Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) under the separability assumption can provably be solved efficiently, even in the presence of noise, and has been shown to be a powerful technique in document classification and hyperspectral unmixing. This problem is referred to as near-separable NMF and requires that there exists a cone spanned by a small subset of the columns of the input nonnegative matrix approximately containing all columns. In this paper, we propose a preconditioning based on the minimum volume ellipsoid and semidefinite programming making the input matrix well-conditioned. This in turn can improve significantly the performance of near-separable NMF algorithms which is illustrated on the popular successive projection algorithm (SPA). The new preconditioned SPA is provably more robust to noise, and outperforms SPA on several synthetic data sets. We also show how an active-set method allows us to apply the preconditioning on large-scale real-world hyperspectral images.
Age differences in the underlying mechanisms of stereotype threat effects.

OBJECTIVES The goals of the present study were to (a) examine whether age differences exist in the mechanisms underlying stereotype threat effects on cognitive performance and (b) examine whether emotion regulation abilities may buffer against threat effects on performance. METHOD Older and younger adults were exposed to positive or negative age-relevant stereotypes, allowing us to examine the impact of threat on regulatory focus and working memory. Self-reported emotion regulation measures were completed prior to the session. RESULTS Older adults' performance under threat suggested a prevention-focused approach to the task, indexed by increased accuracy and reduced speed. The same pattern was observed in younger adults, but the effects were not as strong. Age differences emerged when examining the availability of working memory resources under threat, with young adults showing decrements, whereas older adults did not. Emotion regulation abilities moderated threat effects in young adults but not in older adults. CONCLUSIONS The results provide support for the notion that stereotype threat may lead to underperformance through somewhat different pathways in older and younger adults. Future research should further examine whether the underlying reason for this age difference is rooted in age-related improvements in emotion regulation.
Low-Complexity Energy-Efficient Scheduling for Uplink OFDMA

Energy-efficient wireless communication is very important for battery-constrained mobile devices. For mobile devices in a cellular system, uplink power consumption dominates the wireless power budget because of RF power requirements for reliable transmission over long distances. Our previous work in this area focused on optimizing energy efficiency by maximizing the instantaneous bits-per-Joule metric through iterative approaches, which resulted in significant energy savings for uplink cellular OFDMA transmissions. In this paper, we develop energy efficient schemes with significantly lower complexity when compared to iterative approaches, by considering time-averaged bits-per-Joule metrics. We consider an uplink OFDMA system where multiple users communicate to a central scheduler over frequency-selective channels with high energy efficiency. The scheduler allocates the system bandwidth among all users to optimize energy efficiency across the whole network. Using time-averaged metrics, we derive energy optimal techniques in "closed forms" for per-user link adaptation and resource scheduling across users. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes not only have low complexity but also perform close to the globally optimum solutions obtained through exhaustive search.
Palmar skin conductance compared to a developed stress score and to noxious and awakening stimuli on patients in anaesthesia

Background: The number of fluctuations in the skin conductance per s (NFSC) as a measure of the sympathetic nervous system may be a tool for monitoring physiological stress during surgery and general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study was to find the sensitivity and specificity of the NFSC when compared to a peroperative clinical stress score. Moreover, different patterns of skin conductance responses were compared with the BIS score to find out if the mean level of skin conductance (SC) and NFSC monitoring could differentiate between awakening and noxious stimuli.
Phosphatidic Acid Plays a Regulatory Role in Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis

We have manipulated the activities of PLD and DGK, enzymes that regulate PA biosynthesis, and directly measured their effects on cellular PA levels and on clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). We report a previously unappreciated complexity in PA regulation and show that PA selectively regulates CME of EGF but not transferrin.
Hypothermia for Traumatic Brain Injury in Children—A Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial*

Objectives:To perform a pilot study to assess the feasibility of performing a phase III trial of therapeutic hypothermia started early and continued for at least 72 hours in children with severe traumatic brain injury. Design:Multicenter prospective randomized controlled phase II trial. Setting:All eight of the PICUs in Australia and New Zealand and one in Canada. Patients:Children 1–15 years old with severe traumatic brain injury and who could be randomized within 6 hours of injury. Interventions:The control group had strict normothermia to a temperature of 36–37°C for 72 hours. The intervention group had therapeutic hypothermia to a temperature of 32–33°C for 72 hours followed by slow rewarming at a rate compatible with maintaining intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Measurements and Main Results:Of 764 children admitted to PICU with traumatic brain injury, 92 (12%) were eligible and 55 (7.2%) were recruited. There were five major protocol violations (9%): three related to recruitment and consent processes and two to incorrect temperature management. Rewarming took a median of 21.5 hours (16–35 hr) and was performed without compromise in the cerebral perfusion pressure. There was no increase in any complications, including infections, bleeding, and arrhythmias. There was no difference in outcomes 12 months after injury; in the therapeutic hypothermia group, four (17%) had a bad outcome (pediatric cerebral performance category, 4–6) and three (13%) died, whereas in the normothermia group, three (12%) had a bad outcome and one (4%) died. Conclusions:Early therapeutic hypothermia in children with severe traumatic brain injury does not improve outcome and should not be used outside a clinical trial. Recruitment rates were lower and outcomes were better than expected. Conventional randomized controlled trials in children with severe traumatic brain injury are unlikely to be feasible. A large international trials group and alternative approaches to trial design will be required to further inform practice.
Relationships between varus–valgus laxity of the severely osteoarthritic knee and gait, instability, clinical performance, and function

Increased varus–valgus laxity has been reported in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared to controls. However, the majority of previous investigations may not report truly passive joint laxity, as their tests have been performed on conscious participants who could be guarding against motion with muscle contraction during laxity evaluation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a measure of passive knee laxity, recorded when the participant is under anesthesia, is related to varus–valgus excursion during gait, clinical measures of performance, perceived instability, and self‐reported function in participants with severe knee OA. We assessed passive varus–valgus knee laxity in 29 participants (30 knees) with severe OA, as they underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Participants also completed gait analysis, clinical assessment of performance (6‐min walk (6 MW), stair climbing test (SCT), isometric knee strength), and self‐reported measures of function (perceived instability, Knee injury, and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) a median of 18 days before the TKA procedure. We observed that greater passive varus–valgus laxity was associated with greater varus–valgus excursion during gait (R2 = 0.34, p = 0.002). Significant associations were also observed between greater laxity and greater isometric knee extension strength (p = 0.014), farther 6 MW distance (p = 0.033) and shorter SCT time (p = 0.046). No relationship was observed between passive varus–valgus laxity and isometric knee flexion strength, perceived instability, or any KOOS subscale. The conflicting associations between laxity, frontal excursion during gait, and functional performance suggest a complex relationship between laxity and knee cartilage health, clinical performance, and self‐reported function that merits further study. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1644–1652, 2017.
Housing First: The Pathways Model to End Homelessness for People with Mental Illness and Addiction Manual

Housing First is the most discussed method in Europe in terms of combatting homelessness. Within a relatively short period of time the concept has been widely disseminated, but what is the Housing First model, exactly? A lot of questions have been raised in recent years: what components and elements must be included in this model? Who is the target group? Is Housing First a slogan, a philosophy, a programme, a brand – or a policy? Many have looked forward to reading this book.
eRapa Restores a Normal Life Span in a FAP Mouse Model

Mutation of a single copy of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene results in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), which confers an extremely high risk for colon cancer. ApcMin/+ mice exhibit multiple intestinal neoplasia (MIN) that causes anemia and death from bleeding by 6 months. Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors were shown to improve ApcMin/+ mouse survival when administered by oral gavage or added directly to the chow, but these mice still died from neoplasia well short of a natural life span. The National Institute of Aging Intervention Testing Program showed that enterically targeted rapamycin (eRapa) extended life span for wild-type genetically heterogeneous mice in part by inhibiting age-associated cancer. We hypothesized that eRapa would be effective in preventing neoplasia and extend survival of ApcMin/+ mice. We show that eRapa improved survival of ApcMin/+ mice in a dose-dependent manner. Remarkably, and in contrast to previous reports, most of the ApcMin/+ mice fed 42 parts per million eRapa lived beyond the median life span reported for wild-type syngeneic mice. Furthermore, chronic eRapa did not cause detrimental immune effects in mouse models of cancer, infection, or autoimmunity, thus assuaging concerns that chronic rapamycin treatment suppresses immunity. Our studies suggest that a novel formulation (enteric targeting) of a well-known and widely used drug (rapamycin) can dramatically improve its efficacy in targeted settings. eRapa or other mTORC1 inhibitors could serve as effective cancer preventatives for people with FAP without suppressing the immune system, thus reducing the dependency on surgery as standard therapy. Cancer Prev Res; 7(1); 169–78. ©2013 AACR.
Carrier-Grade Anomaly Detection Using Time-to-Live Header Information

Time-to-Live data in the IP header offers two interesting characteristics: First, different IP stacks pick different start TTL values. Second, each traversed router should decrement the TTL value. The combination of both offers host and route fingerprinting options. We present the first work to investigate Internet-wide TTL behavior at carrier scale and evaluate its fit to detect anomalies, predominantly spoofed source IP addresses. Using purpose-built software, we capture 2 weeks of raw TTL data at a 40 Gbit/s Internet uplink. For further insight, we actively measure observed hosts and conduct large-scale hitlist-based measurements, which yields three complementary data sets for IPv4 and IPv6. A majority (69% IPv4; 81% IPv6) of passively observed multi-packet hosts exhibit one stable TTL value. Active measurements on unstable hosts yield a stable anchor TTL value for more than 85% of responsive hosts. We develop a structure to further classify unstable hosts taking, for example, temporal stability into account. Correlation of TTL values with BGP data is clear, yet unpredictive. The results indicate that carrier-grade TTL anomaly detection can yield significant insights in the following categories: First, the method can flag anomalies based on TTL observations (yet likely at a difficult false positive/false negative trade-off). Second, the method can establish trust that a packet originates from its acclaimed source.