Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Belief Inflexibility and Cognitive Biases in Anorexia Nervosa—The Role of the Bias against Disconfirmatory Evidence and Its Clinical and Neuropsychological Correlates

The aim of this study was to explore, in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of AN, the ability to question their first impression and, in particular, the willingness to integrate their prior ideas and thoughts with additional progressive incoming information. A total of 45 healthy women and 103 patients with a diagnosis of AN, consecutively admitted to the Eating Disorder Padova Hospital–University Unit, underwent a broad clinical and neuropsychological assessment. All participants were administered the Bias Against Disconfirmatory Evidence (BADE) task, which specifically investigates belief integration cognitive bias. Acute AN patients showed a significantly greater bias toward disconfirming their previous judgment, in comparison to healthy women (BADE score, respectively, 2.5 ± 2.0 vs. 3.3 ± 1.6; Mann–Whitney test, p = 0.012). A binge-eating/purging subtype of AN individuals, compared to restrictive AN patients and controls, showed greater disconfirmatory bias and also a significant propensity to uncritically accept implausible interpretations (BADE score, respectively, 1.55 ± 1.6 and 2.70 ± 1.97 vs. 3.33 ± 1.63; Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.002 and liberal acceptance score, respectively, 1.32 ± 0.93 and 0.92 ± 1.21 vs. 0.98 ± 0.75; Kruskal–Wallis test p = 0.03). Abstract thinking skills and cognitive flexibility, as well as high central coherence, are neuropsychological aspects positively correlated with cognitive bias, in both patients and controls. Research into belief integration bias in AN population could enable us to shed light on hidden dimensional aspects, facilitating a better understanding of the psychopathology of a disorder that is so complex and difficult to treat.
Therapeutic effects of paeoniflorin on irritable bowel syndrome in rats

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder (FBD). Objectives To assess the therapeutic effects of paeoniflorin (PF) on IBS in rats. Method Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal, model, positive drug, low-dose PF, medium-dose PF and high-dose PF groups (n = 10). After gavage for 2 consecutive weeks, the effect of PF on abdominal pain symptoms was assessed based on the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score, fecal water content and pathological changes in colon tissues. D-lactate, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) p65 was detected by Western blotting. The abundance and diversity changes of intestinal flora were explored using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Result In PF groups, the mucosal morphology of colon tissues was intact, and the glands were arranged neatly and structured clearly, without obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with the model group, PF groups had significantly elevated pain threshold, and mRNA and protein levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, decreased AWR score at 20 mmHg pressure, fecal water content, mRNA levels of IL-1β, TGF-β, and TNF-α, protein level of p-NF-κB p65 and level of serum D-lactate, and reduced levels of serum IL-1β, TGF-β, and TNF-α (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). PF groups had higher abundance of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Alistipes, and Bacteroides, but lower abundance of Desulfovibrio, Parasutterella, and Enterococcus than those of the model group. Conclusions PF exerts therapeutic effects on IBS in rats probably by regulating the intestinal flora, and then up-regulating the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in colon tissue while down-regulating the levels of IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, D-lactate and p-NF-κB p65.
Researching Teacher Work Motivation in Ghana through the Lens of COVID-19

Teachers, particularly in developing contexts, were vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. As natural parental figures for students, they had to reconcile the dual role of ensuring the safety and health of students and their own and their family’s well-being. The external crisis of COVID-19 heightened the negative experiences of teachers in their work environments during both online and physical instruction. This qualitative phenomenological study involving thirty (30) secondary school teachers in Ghana took a comprehensive and fresh look at how COVID-19 impacted the work motivation of teachers. It was found that teachers suffered a great deal of stress in the wake of the pandemic and had to face mounting concerns about their working conditions. The low morale of teachers precipitated by COVID-19 made them develop attrition intentions. However, intrinsic and altruistic traits such as passion, the feeling of responsibility, and the desire to contribute to society and foster student development made teachers resilient towards the deleterious effects of the pandemic to promote optimal teaching. Future studies should investigate the installation of support structures that strengthen the motivation of teachers in unforeseen crises.
Auroral hiss, Z mode radiation, and auroral kilometric radiation in the polar magnetosphere: DE 1 observations

The polar-orbiting DE 1 spacecraft is now providing the first measurements of high-latitude auroral phenomena in the radial distance range between about 2 and 5 RE, where several important types of auroral plasma wave emissions are believed to be generated. This paper describes the initial observations from the DE 1 plasma wave instrument in this interesting region. Three principal types of plasma wave emissions are discussed: auroral hiss, Z mode radiation, and auroral kilometric radiation. Whistler mode auroral hiss emissions are observed on essentially every pass over the auroral zone. The auroral hiss usually has a characteristic ‘funnel-shaped’ frequency-time spectrum which can be explained by a simple whistler mode propagation effect if the radiation is emitted from a spatially localized source below the spacecraft. Ray path studies show that the auroral hiss is propagating upward from a source, the lower boundary of which is an altitude of about 0.7–0.9 RE. The DE 1 observations have identified broadband Z mode emissions in the low-density region over the auroral zone and polar cap. This radiation usually has a sharply defined upper cutoff near the electron gyrofrequency and extends downward in frequency to a cutoff called the fL = 0 cutoff. The Z mode radiation is sometimes difficult to distinguish from the auroral hiss, which occurs in the same general frequency range with about the same intensity. The Z mode radiation probably corresponds to the noise previously identified as ‘continuum radiation’ in the Hawkeye polar region data. The auroral hiss can usually be distinguished from the Z mode radiation by the sharp upper cutoff of the whistler mode at the local electron plasma frequency. Broadband emissions identified as auroral kilometric radiation are frequently observed over the evening auroral regions at frequencies between about 100 kHz and 400 kHz. These emissions are very intense, usually 30–50 dB above the intensity of the auroral hiss and Z mode radiation, and are highly variable, sometimes disappearing completely. The auroral kilometric radiation usually occurs at frequencies above the electron gyrofrequency, consistent with earlier measurements which indicate that this radiation is propagating in the free-space R-X mode.
Correlated attributes: Toward a labeling algorithm of complementary categorial features

Classical syntactic features are revisited from an algebraic perspective, recalling a traditional argument that the ±N vs. ±V distinction involves correlated, conceptually orthogonal, features, which can be represented in the algebraic format of ±1 vs. ±i complementary elements in a vectorial space. Coupled with natural assumptions about shared information (semiotic) systems, such a space, when presumed within a labeling algorithm, allows us to deduce fundamental properties of the syntax that do not follow from the presumed computation, like core selectional restrictions for lexical categories or their very presupposition in the context of a system of grammatical categories. This article suggests how that fundamental distinction can be coupled with neurophysiological realities, some of which (represented as mathematically real) can be pinpointed into punctual representations, while others (represented as mathematically complex) are, instead, fundamentally distributed. The postulated matrix mechanics amounts to a novel perspective on how to analyze syntactic neurophysiological signals.
PSYCHO-ACOUSTIC CHARACTERS OF RELEVANCE FOR ANNOYANCE OF WIND TURBINE NOISE

Abstract The knowledge of annoyance and perception of wind turbine noise is limited, although some previous studies have found that the relationship between the equivalent noise level and annoyance was weak. The hypothesis for this study was that different sound characters in the noise not fully described by the equivalent noise level, are of importance for annoyance and noise perception. In total, 25 subjects were exposed to five different wind turbine noises at the level of 40 dBLAeq . Subjective ratings of annoyance, relative annoyance and for how long they were aware of the noises were carried out after 10 min exposures. This was followed by 3 min exposures where perception and annoyance of 14 psycho-acoustic descriptors were evaluated. The results showed that the rating of annoyance, relative annoyance and awareness was different between the wind turbine noises, although they had the same equivalent noise level. A psycho-acoustic profile was obtained for each noise, which subjectively described the most and the least annoying sound parameters. None of the psycho-acoustic parameters, sharpness, loudness, roughness, fluctuation strength or modulation could explain the differences in annoyance response.
Development and characterization of agglomerated abrasives based on agro-industrial by-products

ABSTRACT The present work deals with the valorization of agro-industrial by-products to realize bonded abrasives. Four by-products were studied because of their wide availability and mechanical properties: palm nuts shells (Elaeis guineensis), Coco Nucifera shells, fruit kernels of Canarium schweinfurthii and fruit kernels of Raffia Vinifera. The Oliver and Pharr hardness and Young’s modulus of the raffia cores are obtained by instrumented macro indentation, giving the values 101 MPa and 1.82 GPa, respectively. The development of the abrasive wheels was based on the experimental method of full factorial design at 2 levels. Porosity, hardness, resilience, material removal rate and wear were determined. Leeb 280 HL hardness shoe sole material was used for tribological testing. The optimal formulations have 20% binder content and 1 mm grain size of the four agro-industrial by-products used with a higher material removal rate and a longer life than commercial grinding wheels. These results presage their use in the shoe industry and abrasive disc huskers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Newcastle Disease Virus Strain P05 in a Breast Cancer Mouse Model

Purpose Conventional therapies and surgery remain the standard treatment for breast cancer. However, combating the eventual development of metastasis is still a challenge. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the various species of viruses under clinical evaluation as a vector for oncolytic, gene-, and immune-stimulating therapies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of a recombinant NDV (rNDV-P05) in a breast cancer murine model. Methods Tumors were induced by injecting the cellular suspension (4T1 cell line) subcutaneously. The virus strain P05 was applied three times at intervals of seven days, starting seven days after tumor induction, and was completed 21 days later. Determination of tumor weight, spleen index, and lung metastasis were done after sacrificing the mice. Serum levels of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD8+ infiltrated cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results rNDV-P05 showed a route-of-administration-dependent effect, demonstrating that the systemic administration of the virus significantly reduces the tumor mass and volume, spleen index, and abundance of metastatic clonogenic colonies in lung tissue, and increases the inhibition rate of the tumor. The intratumoral administration of rNDV-P05 was ineffective for all the parameters evaluated. Antitumor and antimetastatic capability of rNDV-P05 is mediated, at least partially, through its immune-stimulatory effect on the upregulation of TNF-α, TRAIL, IFN-α, and IFN-γ, and its ability to recruit CD8+ T cells into tumor tissue. Conclusion Systemic treatment with rNDV-P05 decreases the tumoral parameters in the breast cancer murine model.
Young radio-emitting magnetic B star in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud

A VLA study of continuum radio sources associated with the Rho Oph molecular cloud has resulted in the detection of circular polarization from the luminous infrared source S1. The presence of a weak compact H II region indicates that the source is an early-type very young star. The results are consistent with a model of optically thin gyrosychrotron radiation from energetic electrons in the outer parts of a magnetosphere similar to that of chemically peculiar magnetic stars. 75 references.
Dairy product consumption was associated with a lower likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. Several epidemiological studies attempted to assess the association between dairy product and the likelihood of NAFLD, but the contribution of dairy consumption to NAFLD remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and NAFLD. Methods We conducted a literature search using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, we conducted a thorough search of the literature published before January 5, 2023. Combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAFLD in relation to dairy product intake were estimated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed according to the study design, region, sex, body mass index (BMI), type of exposure, NAFLD diagnostic criteria, and exposure assessment tools. Results We initially identified 4,634 relevant studies, of which 25 complied with the inclusion criteria, including seven cross-sectional studies, six case–control studies and one cohort study. A total of 51,476 participants (14,546 patients with NAFLD) were included in the meta-analysis. There was an inverse association between dairy product consumption and NAFLD (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94–0.99). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that lower likelihood of NAFLD was associated with dairy product consumption in subgroups of Asian populations, women, patients diagnosed using NAFLD-related scores, patients with a BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, dairy intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, milk consumption, and yogurt consumption. No noteworthy connection was observed in the other subgroups. Conclusion Our meta-analysis findings revealed that dairy product consumption is inversely associated with NAFLD. Consumption of dairy products could help prevent the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers and treatment options for liver failure: A systematic review up to March 2022

Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying functional cargoes are emerging as biomarkers and treatment strategies in multiple liver diseases. Nevertheless, the potential of EVs in liver failure remains indistinct. In this systematic review, we comprehensively analyzed the potential of EVs as biomarkers of liver failure and the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of EVs for liver failure. Methods We conducted a systematic review by comprehensively searching the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to March 2022. The used text words (synonyms and word variations) and database-specific subject headings included “Extracellular Vesicles”, “Exosomes”, “Liver Failure”, “Liver Injury”, etc. Results A total of 1479 studies were identified. After removing 680 duplicate studies and 742 irrelevant studies, 57 studies were finally retained and analyzed. Fourteen studies revealed EVs with functional cargoes could be used to make the diagnosis of liver failure and provide clues for early warning and prognostic assessment of patients with liver failure. Forty-three studies confirmed the administration of EVs from different sources alleviated hepatic damage and improved survival through inhibiting inflammatory response, oxidative stress as well as apoptosis or promoting hepatocyte regeneration and autophagy. Conclusions EVs and their cargoes can be used not only as superior biomarkers of early warning, early diagnosis and prognostic assessments for liver failure, but also as potentially effective treatment options for liver failure. In the future, large-scale studies are urgently needed to verify the diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic value of EVs for liver failure.
Infrared and optical observations of the newly identified Be/X-ray binary LSI + 61° 235

Observational (IR) and optical data are presented of the newly discovered Be/X-ray binary system LSI + 61° 235, taken over the period 1991 August – 1992 May. Though the IR shows little evidence for any changes, the optical Hα spectrum has undergone substantial modification. Combination of optical photometric measurements with the IR photometry allows the overall spectrum to be investigated and the existence of the Be star’s circumstellar disc to be directly confirmed.
150-km-range distributed temperature sensor based on coherent detection of spontaneous Brillouin backscatter and in-line Raman amplification

We report an extended range distributed temperature sensor based on coherent detection of the frequency shift of the spontaneous Brillouin backscatter combined with Raman amplification. The Raman amplification was achieved within the sensing fibre using either co- or counter-propagating Raman pump with respect to the probe pulse and experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum pump and probe power combination. With a co-propagating Raman pump a temperature resolution of 0.8C was achieved at a sensing range of 150km with 50m spatial resolution.
Change in Alcohol Use during the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Psychosocial Factors: A One-Year Longitudinal Study in Japan

This study investigated changes in alcohol use and its related psychosocial factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Two online surveys were completed by participants between 15 and 20 June 2021 (phase 1) and 13 and 30 May 2022 (phase 2). A total of 9614 individuals participated in both phases (46% women, mean age = 50.0 ± 13.1 years) and a repeated three-way analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted. These data analyses showed that the presence of hazardous alcohol use at phase 2 was predicted by being male and unmarried, having a higher annual household income and age, having a larger social network, and displaying fewer COVID-19 prevention behaviors at phase 1. Further, the presence of potential alcoholism at phase 2 was predicted by being male, being more anxious, having a larger social network, exercising more, showing a deterioration of economic status, having more difficulties owing to a lack of daily necessities, having less healthy eating habits, and showing fewer COVID-19 prevention behaviors at phase 1. These findings suggest that psychological problems and increased work (or academic) and economic difficulties were associated with severe alcohol problems during a later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Positive Cones and L p -Spaces for von Neumann Algebras

The Lp-space LP(M, if) for a von Neumann algebra M with reference to its cyclic and separating vector T? in the standard representation Hilbert space H of M is constructed either as a subset of H (for 2^/>^oo), or as the completion of H (for l^/><2) with an explicitly defined Lp-norm. The Banach spaces Lp (M, 77) for different reference vector y (with the same p) are isomorphic. Any Lp element has a polar decomposition where the positive part LJ(M, if) is denned to be either the intersection with the positive cone VJ (for 2^^^oo) or the completion of the positive cone yj (for 1^^><2). Any positive element has an interpretation as the (\/pY power o> of an o)eMJ with its Lp-norm given by ]|a>|| . Product of an Lp element and an Lq element is explicitly defined as an Lr element with r~=p~ + q~ provided that l^r, and the Holder inequality is proved. The Lp-space constructed here is isomorphic to those defined by Haagerup, Hilsum, and Kosaki. As a corollary, any normal state of M is shown to have one and only one vector representative in the positive cone V? for each ae [0, 1/4].
Urban land-use classification using machine learning classifiers: comparative evaluation and post-classification multi-feature fusion approach

ABSTRACT Accurate spatial-temporal mapping of urban land-use and land-cover (LULC) provides critical information for planning and management of urban environments. While several studies have investigated the significance of machine learning classifiers for urban land-use mapping, the determination of the optimal classifiers for the extraction of specific urban LULC classes in time and space is still a challenge especially for multitemporal and multisensor data sets. This study presents the results of urban LULC classification using decision tree-based classifiers comprising of gradient tree boosting (GTB), random forest (RF), in comparison with support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP-ANN). Using Landsat data from 1984 to 2020 at 5-year intervals for the Greater Gaborone Planning Area (GGPA) in Botswana, RF was the best classifier with overall average accuracy of 92.8%, MLP-ANN (91.2%), SVM (90.9%) and GTB (87.8%). To improve on the urban LULC mapping, the study presents a post-classification multiclass fusion of the best classifier results based on the principle of feature in-feature out (FEI-FEO) under mutual exclusivity boundary conditions. Through classifier ensemble, the FEI-FEO approach improved the overall LULC classification accuracy by more than 2% demonstrating the advantage of post-classification fusion in urban land-use mapping.
The Use of a Mesoscale Numerical Model for Evaluations of Pollutant Transport and Diffusion in Coastal Regions and over Irregular Terrain

Abstract A modelling approach is presented that appears to have the potential to provide reliable assessments of pollution concentration in coastal zones and complex terrain, where the assumptions behind current operational air quality models often are inadequate. With the use of a numerical mesoscale model (NMM), physically consistent flow fields can be predicted, thereby providing higher spatial and temporal resolution in the meteorological fields than would be available from a limited number of observation points. These predictions are used to calculate mean trajectories of pollutant parcels, as well as to provide quantitative estimates of pollution concentration using two techniques. One technique, most relevant for point and line sources, uses mean and fluctuating velocities as derived from the mososcale model in order to estimate the spread of pollutant, while the second, which is applicable mainly to area sources, utilizes the advection-diffusion equation. Considering the scarcity of meteorological.