Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twenty-Four-Year Trends in the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in Sweden From 1987 to 2010

Background and Purpose— The incidence of stroke in Sweden increased between 1989 and 2000 among people aged ⩽65 years, but more recent data on those aged >65 years are lacking. Methods— Through the Swedish Hospital Discharge and Cause of Death registries, we identified all cases of nonfatal and fatal ischemic stroke (IS) among people aged 18 to 84 years during 1987–2010 in Sweden. Results— Of the 391 081 stroke cases identified, 1.6% were 18 to 44 years, 16.7% were 45 to 64 years, and 81.7% were 65 to 84 years. Among people aged 18 to 44 years, there was a continuous increase in the incidence of stroke of 1.3% (95% confidence interval, 0.8%–1.8%) per year for men and 1.6% (1.0%–2.3%) per year for women. Among men and women aged 45 to 64 years, slightly declining rates were observed from the late 1990s, with a mean annual decrease of 0.4% (0.1%–0.7%) among men and 0.6% (0.2%–1.0%) among women. Among men aged 65 to 84 years, a decrease of 3.7% in IS (3.4%–4.0%) per year was observed from the late 1990s. This was more marked in women, where an initial decrease of 2.5% (2.1%–2.9%) per year was followed by an accelerated decrease of 5.1% (4.4%–5.8%) after 2005. Mortality from IS decreased markedly in all age groups. Conclusions— The incidence of IS in elderly people in Sweden is now decreasing, whereas the decline in IS incidence in the middle-aged people is much less steep. The increasing incidence of stroke in the young, particularly if carried forward to an older age, is concerning.
Low Cost Heart Rate Monitor Using Led-Led Sensor

A high sensitivity, low power and low cost sensor has been developed for photoplethysmography (PPG) measurement. The PPG principle was applied to follow the dilatation and contraction of skin blood vessels during the cardiac cycle. A standard light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been used as a light emitter and detector, and in order to reduce the space, cost and power, the classical analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) replaced by the pulse-based signal conversion techniques. A general purpose microcontroller has been used for the implementation of measurement protocol. The proposed approach leads to better spectral sensitivity, increased resolution, reduction in cost, dimensions and power consumption. The basic sensing configuration presented is capable of detecting the PPG signal from a finger or toe, and it is very simple to extract the heart rate and heart rate variability from such a signal.
Lubricant transport towards tribocontact in capillary surface structures

To counter lubricant shortage at a frictional contact (starvation), lubrication liquids, e.g. oils, are actively transported from a distant location towards the undersupplied tribocontact. This is done via small channels or generally via structures cut into a flat surface. In this way one can use capillary force as a cheap and reliable driver of the lubricant flow. Numerical modeling and experiments show that this method can be considered a promising new option to enhance tribocontact operation.
Going viral: a review of replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses

Oncolytic viruses have had a tumultuous course, from the initial anecdotal reports of patients having antineoplastic effects after natural viral infections a century ago to the development of current cutting-edge therapies in clinical trials. Adenoviruses have long been the workhorse of virotherapy, and we review both the scientific and the not-so-scientific forces that have shaped the development of these therapeutics from wild-type viral pathogens, turning an old foe into a new friend. After a brief review of the mechanics of viral replication and how it has been modified to engineer tumor selectivity, we give particular attention to ONYX-015, the forerunner of virotherapy with extensive clinical testing that pioneered the field. The findings from those as well as other oncolytic trials have shaped how we now view these viruses, which our immune system has evolved to vigorously attack, as promising immunotherapy agents.
Densities and maximum likelihood estimation of matching constraints

In this paper we present a theory for obtaining densities that are important for computer vision. As a result of the theory we compute the exact and novel density of the slope of a line fitted to image points. This density makes it possible to obtain confidence intervals for the slope or to make hypothesis testing about if two intersecting lines form a corner or not. The theory also lets us derive a novel technique for maximum likelihood estimation, that can be used for computing the fundamental matrix, conics, or any other constraint that can be expressed by polynomials of degree 2. We present exact and novel densities for the fundamental matrix and conic constraints, that are needed for the estimation. Experiments show how the results can be used in practise to compute maximum likelihood estimates of the fundamental matrix.
SIFT method for paper detection system

Traditional detect method could not deal well with the problem of paper zooming. This paper introduces scale invariant feature transform to the paper detection system. The hardware of paper detection system consists of digital signal processor and complex programmable logic device. The hardware can accomplish image acquisition and processing. The software of this system use SIFT method to detect the papers. Compared to the traditional method, this algorithm deals better with detection process.
Color Retrieval in Vector Space Model

Many applications involving similarity search use the QBIC Euclidian distance to match two color histograms. To alleviate certain problems associated with this approach, which is based on a distance metric, in this paper, we propose a Color-Color Similarity Retrieval Approach to compute the similarities between images. This approach, based on the similarity matrix between feature vectors, leads to three new color-color similarity retrieval models, called (PA, Q), (P, QA), and (PB, QB) if the color-color similarity matrix A is positive definite. By precomputing the similarity matrix and all the products PA, PB, QA and QB, where P and Q are respectively, vectors representing images from the database and B is obtained by decomposing A in a special way, the retrieval function becomes linear during the retrieval step. To compute the similarity matrix A, we propose a more general form than that of the QBIC approach. In addition, in this paper, we introduce a new algorithm, Kernel Rocchio Algorithm, which combines the simplicity of Rocchio method with the power of non-linear kernel functions to improve the relevance feedback process. In this context, we prove that the proposed retrieval models are equivalent, in the sense that the query learned via relevance feedback in one model can also be learned in any of the other models. We implement our algorithms and test them on a synthetic dataset that allows easy mechanism for specification of image relevance for a user query. For learning purpose, we also consider a model that we refer to as the (P, Q) model, which does not require the use of the matrix A. Our results show that the (P, Q) retrieval model, used together with the polynomial kernel, provides better results compared to other combinations of retrieval models and kernel functions. We believe that if the method of computing color correlations is improved, the similarity retrieval model ((PA, Q), (P, QA), or (PB, QB)) should perform, quality-wise, just as well as the (P, Q) model, as shown by our theoretical results.
Injury-Induced Neurogenesis

Partial recovery from brain injury due to trauma, hypoxia, or stroke, is ubiquitous and occurs largely through unknown mechanisms. It is now well accepted that injury enhances proliferation of quiescent stem and progenitor cells in specialized niches within the brain. However, whether this injury-induced neurogenesis contributes to recovery after brain injury remains controversial. Recent evidence suggests that hippocampal neural stem/precursor cell activation and subsequent neurogenesis are responsible for at least some aspects of spontaneous recovery following brain injury from a variety of causes. However, other aspects of injury-induced neurogenesis, including its contribution to adverse sequelae such as seizures, are still being investigated. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and how it relates to injury and explain how current mouse technology is allowing for better understanding of whether manipulating this natural process might eventually help inform therapy following brain injury.
A Simple Classification of Crohn's Disease: Report of the Working Party for the World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna 1998

Summary: Crohn's disease is a heterogeneous entity. Previous attempts of classification have been based primarily on anatomic location and behavior of disease. However, no uniform definition of patient subgroups has yet achieved broad acceptance. The aim of this international Working Party was to develop a simple classification of Crohn's disease based on objective variables. Eight outcome‐related variables relevant to Crohn's disease were identified and stepwise evaluated in 413 consecutive cases, a database survey, and by clinical considerations. Allocation of variables was conducted with well‐defined Crohn's disease populations from Europe and North America. Cross‐table analyses were performed by chi‐square testing. Three variables were finally elected: Age at Diagnosis [below 40 years (A1), equal to or above 40 years (A2)], Location [terminal ileum (L1), colon (L2), ileocolon (L3), upper gastrointestinal (L4)], and Behavior [nonstricturing nonpenetrating (B1), stricturing (B2), penetrating (B3)]. The allocation of patients to these 24 subgroups proved feasible and resulted in specific disease clusters. Cross‐table analyses revealed associations between Age at Diagnosis and Location, and between Behavior and Location (all p < 0.001). The Vienna classification of Crohn's disease provides distinct definitions to categorize Crohn's patients into 24 subgroups. Operational guidelines should be used for the characterization of patients in clinical trials as well as for correlation of particular phenotypes with putative biologic markers or environmental factors.
On the importance of migration for fairness in online grid markets

Until recently, only few grid and cluster systems provided preemptive migration (e.g. [4]), which is the ability of dynamically moving computational tasks across machines during runtime. The emergent technology of virtualization (e.g. [10]) provides off-the-shelf support for migration, thus making the use of this feature widely accessible. Existing literature largely neglects the close interrelationship between technical migration and economic fairness. In this paper we take a first step towards closing this gap. We present fairness and quality of service properties for economic online scheduling algorithms. Under mild assumptions we analytically show that it is impossible to achieve these properties without the use of migration. On the other hand, if zero cost migration is used, then these properties can be satisfied. In order to evaluate the effect of migration cost on the scheduling algorithm, we performed extensive empirical analysis based on real data. The results indicate that migration gives designers of economic online schedulers a tremendous pull on the algorithmpsilas fairness properties even in the presence of worst-case realistic migration cost.
Targeted delivery via a biodegradable polymer

(57) Abstract: Bioactive molecules encoding a protein (e.g., a nucleic acid molecule) delivery can be significantly enhanced by immobilizing in the vicinity of the cell the biological active molecule in the polymer substance delivery is desired . Here, the bioactive molecule is a vehicle to facilitate transmission of bioactive molecules into the targeted tissue (e.g., liposomes) are encapsulated in. Targeting of the bioactive molecules can also be achieved by selection of the encapsulation medium of the appropriate size, whereby the medium serves to deliver the molecules to a particular target. For example, the nucleic acid molecule or biologically active protein, to be the appropriate size is to penetrate into the capillary bed and alveoli, biodegradable, biocompatible polymer microparticles in which remains trapped therein encapsulation, after administration to the patient by infusion or injection, can be used for targeted delivery to these regions of the body.
Effect of sex on symptoms and return to baseline in sport-related concussion.

OBJECT Sport-related concussions (SRCs) among youth athletes represent a significant public health concern. Prior research suggests that females fare worse symptomatically after an SRC. The authors aimed to assess sex differences in number, severity, and resolution of postconcussive symptoms using reliable change index (RCI) methodology applied to days to return to symptom baseline. METHODS Between 2009 and 2011, 740 youth athletes completed valid neurocognitive and symptom testing before and after an SRC using Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). A total of 122 female and 122 male athletes were matched on number of prior concussions, age, and number of days to first postconcussion test. At baseline and postconcussion, the authors compared each of the individual 22 symptoms on ImPACT to calculate individual symptom severity and aggregate symptom severity, or the Total Symptom Score (TSS). When comparing individual symptoms, the significance level for the comparison of each symptom was set at 0.05/22 = 0.0023. When comparing aggregate symptom severity, or TSS, a single value was compared, requiring an alpha set to 0.05. The number of days to return to baseline TSS was compared using RCI methods set at the 80% confidence interval, equal to a raw score point value of 9.18 on the TSS. RESULTS At baseline, females reported a greater severity for the symptom, "sleeping less than usual," compared with males (0.88 ± 1.49 vs 0.31 ± 0.86, p < 0.001). However, no other individual symptom severity differences were noted before or after SRC. At baseline, females exhibited a statistically significant greater aggregate symptom severity than males (7.24 ± 10.22 vs 4.10 ± 6.52, p = 0.005). Greater aggregate symptom severity for females was also found postconcussion (21.38 ± 19.02 vs 16.80 ± 17.07, p = 0.049). Females took longer to return to baseline TSS (9.1 ± 7.1 days vs 7.0 ± 5.1 days, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The results of this retrospective study indicate that females endorse a greater severity of symptoms at baseline and postconcussion than males without significantly different symptom profiles. Furthermore, after suffering an SRC, females take longer to return to their baseline symptom level.
Isolation and Identification of Antifungal Compounds from Bacillus subtilis C9 Inhibiting the Growth of Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Antagonistic microorganisms against Rhizoctonia solani were isolated and their antifungal activities were investigated. Two hundred sixteen bacterial isolates were isolated from various soil samples and 19 isolates were found to antagonize the selected plant pathogenic fungi with varying degrees. Among them, isolate C9 was selected as an antagonistic microorganism with potential for use in further studies. Treatment with the selected isolate C9 resulted in significantly reduced incidence of stem-segment colonization by R. solani AG2-2(IV) in Zoysia grass and enhanced growth of grass. Through its biochemical, physiological, and 16S rDNA characteristics, the selected bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis. Mannitol (1%) and soytone (1%) were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for use in antibiotic production. An antibiotic compound, designated as DG4, was separated and purified from ethyl acetate extract of the culture broth of isolate C9. On the basis of spectral data, including proton nuclear magneric resonance (1H NMR), carbon nuclear magneric resonance (13C NMR), and mass analyses, its chemical structure was established as a stereoisomer of acetylbutanediol. Application of the ethyl acetate extract of isolate C9 to several plant pathogens resulted in dose-dependent inhibition. Treatment with the purified compound (an isomer of acetylbuanediol) resulted in significantly inhibited growth of tested pathogens. The cell free culture supernatant of isolate C9 showed a chitinase effect on chitin medium. Results from the present study demonstrated the significant potential of the purified compound from isolate C9 for use as a biocontrol agent as well as a plant growth promoter with the ability to trigger induced systemic resistance of plants.
Stationary Metrics and Optical Zermelo-Randers-Finsler Geometry

We consider a triality between the Zermelo navigation problem, the geodesic flow on a Fins- lerian geometry of Randers type, and spacetimes in one dimension higher admitting a timelike conformal Killing vector field. From the latter viewpoint, the data of the Zermelo problem are encoded in a (conformally) Painleve-Gullstrand form of the spacetime metric, whereas the data of the Randers problem are encoded in a stationary generalisation of the usual optical metric. We discuss how the spacetime viewpoint gives a simple and physical perspective on various is- sues, including how Finsler geometries with constant flag curvature always map to conformally flat spacetimes and that the Finsler condition maps to either a causality condition or it breaks down at an ergo-surface in the spacetime picture. The gauge equivalence in this network of rela- tions is considered as well as the connection to analogue models and the viewpoint of magnetic flows. We provide a variety of examples.
Favorable cardiovascular risk profile in young women and long-term risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

CONTEXT For women, impact of cardiovascular risk factors measured in young adulthood, particularly favorable (low-risk) profile, on mortality has been difficult to assess due to low short-term death rates. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of baseline coronary risk factor status to mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and all causes in young women. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 7302 women aged 18 to 39 years without prior CHD or major electrocardiographic abnormalities screened between 1967 and 1973 for the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Risk groups were defined using national guidelines for values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, body mass index, presence of diabetes, and smoking status. Participants were divided into 4 groups: low risk, 0 risk factors high but 1 or more unfavorable, 1 only risk factor high, and 2 or more risk factors high. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause mortality, CHD mortality, and CVD mortality; hazard ratio of outcome measures comparing low-risk group with other groups. RESULTS Only 20% met low-risk criteria; 59% had high levels of 1 or more risk factors. During an average follow-up of 31 years, there were 47 CHD deaths, 94 CVD deaths, and 469 deaths from all causes. The age-adjusted CVD death rate per 10,000 person-years was lowest for low-risk women and increased with the number of risk factors, ie, 1.5, 1.7, 5.0, and 9.1 for low-risk; 0, 1, and 2 or more risk factors high, respectively. Multivariate-adjusted CVD mortality hazard ratio for low-risk women was 0.19 (95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.45) compared with women with 2 or more risk factors high. Similar patterns were observed for CHD and all-cause mortality and for both blacks and whites. CONCLUSION For women with favorable levels for all 5 major risk factors at younger ages, CHD and CVD are rare; long-term and all-cause mortality are much lower compared with others.
Method of Time Series Similarity Measurement Based on Dynamic Time Warping

With the rapid development of mobile communication all over the world, the similarity of mobile phone communication data has received widely attention due to its advantage for the construction of smart cities. Mobile phone communication data can be regarded as a type of time series and dynamic time warping (DTW) and derivative dynamic time warping (DDTW) are usually used to analyze the similarity of these data. However, many traditional methods only calculate the distance between time series while neglecting the shape characteristics of time series. In this paper, a novel hybrid method based on the combination of dynamic time warping and derivative dynamic time warping is proposed. The new method considers not only the distance between time series, but also the shape characteristics of time series. We demonstrated that our method can outperform DTW and DDTW through extensive experiments with respect to cophenetic correlation.
Regulation of SNARE assembly by protein phosphorylation

Protein phosphorylation is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism that controls the secretory pathway. It enables coupling between the vesicular transport machinery and signaling cascades that are activated by both internal and external stimuli. Proteins that mediate the last steps of membrane fusion such as SNAREs, Sec1/Munc18, Rab proteins, and others undergo post-translational modification by phosphorylation to control membrane fusion. Control of fusion by protein phosphorylation is operant in both constitutive and regulated exocytic processes, and appears to regulate transport throughout the secretory pathway. The kinases involved are diverse and represent various signaling paths, including those of protein kinase A (PKA), PKC, casein kinase, death-associated protein kinase (DAPK), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and cyclindependent kinase (Cdk). The phosphatases include protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). Here, we present an overview on most recent information available concerning phosphorylative control of SNARE assembly leading to membrane fusion.