Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION AND GROWTH OF LARGE SCALE STRUCTURES IN HIGH COMPRESSIBILITY MIXING LAYERS

The basic physical mechanisms for shear layer growth have been shown in computations to change at very high compressibilities. A double diaphragm, shock tunnel driven hypersonic mixing layer facility is used to reach compressibility levels not possible in blowdown-type facilities. Mixing layers at M c = 0.86 and 1.7 are examined in streamwise, plan, and end views using Schlieren and acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging schemes. Analysis of these images yields normalized shear layer growth rates, concentration information on the fast side of the shear layer, and visualization of the behaviour of large-scale structures along with the associated acoustic radiation. Normalized growth rate data are reported for M c = 0.80–2.25 as derived from averaged Schlieren images. This article was chosen from selected Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena (KTH-Stockholm, 27-29 June 2001) ed E Lindborg, A Johansson, J Eaton, J Humphrey, N Kasagi, M Leschzine.
A finite element model for three-dimensional Eddy current NDT phenomena

The defect detection mechanism for eddy current nondestructive testing (NDT) probes is related to the interaction of induced eddy currents in the metal test specimen with flaws and the coupling of these interaction effects with the moving test probe. To date, numerical modeling of these phenomena has been limited to two-dimensional and axisymmetric geometries. A three-dimensional magnetic vector potential finite element formulation for the modeling of eddy current NDT phenomena is described, and the technique is illustrated by predicting differential eddy current probe impedance plane trajectories for flaws in PWR steam generator tubing.
Diffusion during metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy on V-groove patterned substrates

We studied the diffusion process in metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy of InGaAs on V-groove patterned InP substrates. A model, recently developed for selective-area growth on planar patterned substrates, enabled us to analyze growth rate distribution and to determine diffusion lengths of growing species. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoluminescence measurements have been employed to measure the growth rate and composition of the ternary alloy. A new technique based on composition sensitive etching combined with etch rate measurements by cross-section AFM reveals the reduced solidifying probability of Ga on {111}A planes as the origin of compositional variations.
Low energy ion implantation and electrochemical separation of diamond films

We combine low energy and low dose ion implantation with an electrochemical etch to fabricate thin diamond layers suitable for seeding homoepitaxial or polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond growth. Implantation of a carbon ion dose of 1×1016 cm−2 at 175 keV creates subsurface damage in a bulk crystal which is selectively removed by the electrochemical etch. Implanted substrates were subjected to CVD diamond deposition prior to etching of the damage layer. We discuss the effect of implantation and subsequent annealing conditions on the morphology and Raman spectra of the CVD films. All results indicate that the seed layer nucleated high quality CVD diamond film growth.
Vindication of mode-coupled descriptions of multiple-scale water wave fields

Herein we show that the modal description of deep-water waves on the sea surface Watson & West 1975) is independent of any reference surface around which expansions of the velocity potential and the surface velocity are done. We demonstrate by direct construction that the interaction between long and short waves does not lead to divergent terms in the equations of motion when this formalism is used.
Gate hysteresis originating from atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 onto suspended carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors

While hysteretic effects upon gate sweeps in carbon nanotube transistors can be useful for memory devices, they may hamper the reliable readout of CNFET‐based sensors. Here, we demonstrate the use of our recent hysteresis‐free, suspended nanotube transistor fabrication method to evaluate the influence of dielectric layers on gate characteristics. The atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 induced substantial hysteresis in a previously hysteresis‐free device. The extraction of electrical device properties before and after an individual processing step provides an insight into the fundamental issue of hysteresis, which is of particular relevance for nanoscale devices with electrical field‐strength enhancement due to nanoscale dimensions.
Minimum enstrophy vortices

Two kinds of minimum enstrophy vortices in two‐dimensional flows are found by variational analysis. Each represents the ideal limit of a selective decay of enstrophy with energy and angular momentum or circulation, respectively, remaining fixed. For each, the vorticity is confined to a disk whose radius is determined by the fixed integrals. The definition of the vortices assures a large degree of stability, but many questions about their formation and destruction have not yet been answered.
Triangle Formation Control of Multi-AUVs with Communication Constraints

Aimed at solving the problem of multi-AUVs formation control, an analysis has been made on a triangle formation based on leader-follower construction, with a multi-AUVs formation controller designed with communication constraints taken into account. The desired velocity of the follower is the resultant velocity of three component velocities, each of which has different function. The convergence of the proposed controller is proved by establishing an objective function that can represents the status of the formation. Simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate the proposed controller is effective.
Temperature- and field-dependent leakage current of epitaxial YMnO3/GaN heterostructure

Epitaxial ferroelectric YMnO3 (YMO) thin films were fabricated on (0001) GaN substrates by pulsed laser deposition followed by rapid thermal annealing. The temperature and field dependence of the leakage current of YMO/GaN interface was studied in a temperature range from 150 to 300 K and for an applied voltage up to 10 V. In a low temperature region from 180 to 220 K, the YMO/GaN interface acted as a Schottky barrier with a height of 0.27 eV for a field below 1.4 MV/cm, while the leakage mechanism was governed by the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling for a field above 1.4 MV/cm. Moreover, a space-charge-limited-current behavior was observed in a high field for a temperature above 270 K, while an Ohmic behavior was observed in a low field. In comparison, the dominant leakage mechanism of In/YMO interface was an Ohmic behavior in the whole measured voltage and temperature ranges.
The sizing of large droplets by laser anemometry

A laser anemometer operating in the fringe mode has been designed to measure the velocity and size of droplets with diameters between 0.1 and 1.0 mm. The time for the droplet to cross the optical axis is measured and correlated with simultaneous measurement of the droplet velocity to give the droplet size. The system is sensitive to the direction of movement and the size measurement is restricted to the cross-sectional diameter of the droplet. The evaluation was limited to simple droplet flows but an automated system is applicable to sprays of large droplets.
VARIATIONS ON A THEME OF ROMANOFF

Fix an integer a≥2. For each m≥1, let fa(m) be the smallest power f so that af≡1 (mod m). We give explicit upper bounds for the series Σm1/mfa(m)e and Σplog(p)/pfa(p)e, generalizing and strengthening results of Romanoff, Landau, Erdos and Turan. We also prove analogous results over number fields and for abelian varieties.
Diffusion, activation, and regrowth behavior of high dose P implants in Ge

Time evolution of the chemical profile, electrical activity, and regrowth of P implanted in Ge at a concentration above the maximum equilibrium solubility is investigated at 500°C rapid thermal annealing temperature. During the first anneal, a second, epitaxial regrowth of a part of the amorphous layer leads to P trapping in substitutional sites at a level of about 4×1020atoms∕cm3. However, nonsubstitutional P atoms frozen in the crystal at high concentration during recrystallization form large, inactive precipitates of peculiar circular shape. Simultaneously, long annealing time leads to continuing, extensive P out- and indiffusion affecting both the P chemical profile and junction sheet resistance.
Covariance matrix selection and estimation via penalised normal likelihood

We propose a nonparametric method for identifying parsimony and for producing a statistically efficient estimator of a large covariance matrix. We reparameterise a covariance matrix through the modified Cholesky decomposition of its inverse or the one-step-ahead predictive representation of the vector of responses and reduce the nonintuitive task of modelling covariance matrices to the familiar task of model selection and estimation for a sequence of regression models. The Cholesky factor containing these regression coefficients is likely to have many off-diagonal elements that are zero or close to zero. Penalised normal likelihoods in this situation with L-sub-1 and L-sub-2 penalities are shown to be closely related to Tibshirani's (1996) LASSO approach and to ridge regression. Adding either penalty to the likelihood helps to produce more stable estimators by introducing shrinkage to the elements in the Cholesky factor, while, because of its singularity, the L-sub-1 penalty will set some elements to zero and produce interpretable models. An algorithm is developed for computing the estimator and selecting the tuning parameter. The proposed maximum penalised likelihood estimator is illustrated using simulation and a real dataset involving estimation of a 102 × 102 covariance matrix. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
Small ﬁeld inﬂation in N = 1 supergravity with a single chiral superﬁeld

: We consider “new inﬂation” inﬂationary models at small ﬁelds, embedded in minimal N = 1 supergravity with a single chiral superﬁeld. Imposing a period of inﬂation compatible with experiment severely restricts possible models, classiﬁed in perturbation theory. If moreover we impose that the ﬁeld goes to large values and very small potential at the current time, like would be needed for instance for the inﬂaton being the volume modulus in large extra dimensional scenarios, the possible models are restricted to very contrived superpotentials.
J H E P 0 3 ( 2 0 2 2 ) 1 4 0

We introduce a systematic approach to constructing N = 1 Lagrangians for a class of interacting N = 2 SCFTs. We analyse in detail the simplest case of the construction, arising from placing branes at an orientifolded C/Z2 singularity. In this way we obtain Lagrangian descriptions for all the R2,k theories. The rank one theories in this class are the E6 Minahan-Nemeschansky theory and the C2×U(1) Argyres-Wittig theory. The Lagrangians that arise from our brane construction manifestly exhibit either the entire expected flavour symmetry group of the SCFT (for even k) or a full-rank subgroup thereof (for odd k), so we can compute the full superconformal index of the N = 2 SCFTs, and also systematically identify the Higgsings associated to partial closing of punctures.
An N = 1 Lagrangian for the rank 1 E 6 superconformal theory

: We propose that a certain 4 d N = 1 SU(4) gauge theory (cid:13)ows in the IR to the rank 1 N = 2 strongly coupled SCFT with E 6 global symmetry and 25 free chiral (cid:12)elds. This proposal is tested by comparing various RG invariant quantities, notably, anomalies and the superconformal index. We discuss the generalization to N = 1 SU(2 n + 2) gauge theory models (cid:13)owing in the IR to the R (2 ; 2 n +1) family of strongly coupled SCFTs plus free (cid:12)elds.
Interaction between a semiconductor quantum dot microcavity and a squeezed vacuum in a cavity: effects on the photon statistics

The interaction between a squeezed vacuum and a semiconductor quantum dot microcavity is studied. The influence of this interaction on the photon statistics, one measurable quantity, is investigated in the presence of the electron–phonon interaction. When the system interacts with the squeezed vacuum, the non-classical features of the emitted photons are studied. It turns out that the photon counting statistics depend on the detuning and temperature. The emitted photons also exhibit non-classical features such as anti-bunching, and their non-classical features depend on the degree of squeezing. Moreover, it is found that the stronger the squeezed vacuum, the weaker the non-classical features in the photon counting statistics.
Chaotic mixing of tracer and vorticity by modulated travelling Rossby waves

Abstract We consider the mixing of passive tracers and vorticity by temporally fluctuating large scale flows in two dimensions. In analyzing this problem, we employ modern developments stemming from properties of Hamiltonian chaos in the particle trajectories; these developments generally come under the heading “chaotic advection” or “Lagrangian turbulence. ” A review of the salient properties of this kind of mixing, and the mathematics used to analyze it, is presented in the context of passive tracer mixing by a vacillating barotropic Rossby wave. We then take up the characterization of subtler aspects of the mixing. It is shown the chaotic advection produces very nonlocal mixing which cannot be represented by eddy diffusivity. Also, the power spectrum of the tracer field is found to be k − l at shortwaves—precisely as for mixing by homogeneous, isotropic two dimensional turbulence,—even though the physics of the present case is very different. We have produced two independent arguments accounting for thi.
Climatic Controls and Hydrologic Impacts of a Recent Extreme Seasonal Precipitation Reversal in Arizona

Abstract The winter (December–February) of 2005/06 ranked as the driest in the instrumental record (since 1895) for nearly all regions of Arizona. The city of Phoenix, Arizona, recorded no precipitation during this time period, which was part of a record dry streak of 143 days without measurable precipitation. More important, the Salt and Verde watersheds, which supply the greater Phoenix area with approximately 50% of its water supply, received less than 3% of normal precipitation. Remarkably, this historically dry winter was preceded by the second wettest winter on record in 2004/05, a winter that filled reservoirs statewide and ameliorated a drought that has persisted since 1996 in some parts of the state. This study begins with a brief overview of the historical context of such reversals of extreme seasonal precipitation in Arizona followed by an analysis of the teleconnective impacts. The authors find that while an extreme reversal such as this has only happened once before in Arizona (1904/05 and 19.
Inbreeding Reduces Floral Longevity and Flower Size in the Mixed-Mating Biennial Sabatia angularis

Premise of research. Inbreeding depression is well known to contribute to the maintenance of outcrossing in flowering plants because of its direct negative impacts on germination, survival, and fertility. Yet inbreeding depression could also impact fitness indirectly by affecting traits that govern biotic interactions. Relatively little is known about inbreeding depression on traits related to pollination success. Although often associated with pollinator attraction or reward, pollination success is also determined by floral longevity. Inbreeding depression in floral longevity has not been studied but has the potential to compound pollination disadvantages confronting inbred plants. Methodology. We investigated inbreeding depression for traits related to pollination success in the mixed-mating biennial Sabatia angularis L. (Pursh) (Gentianaceae). Under controlled, pollinator-free conditions, we performed crosses to create families of selfed and outcross seed and raised these plants to flower. We compared selfed and outcrossed individuals for the following traits: flower number, flower size, corolla longevity, stigma longevity, and plant height. We also considered whether inbreeding depression was influenced by flower number–longevity trade-offs or plant size. Pivotal results. Selfed plants produced significantly smaller flowers that lived for a significantly shorter amount of time than flowers of outcrossed plants, based on corolla and stigma longevity. Consistent with prior work, we found trade-offs between floral longevity and flower number and positive relationships between longevity and plant height. However, we did not detect inbreeding depression for flower number or plant size. Conclusions. We find novel evidence that inbreeding reduces both floral longevity and flower size. Although moderate, inbreeding depression for these traits could leave selfed plants at a disadvantage in pollen-limited environments, especially where rates of pollen export outpace deposition such that plants are forced to rely on pollinators for seed production. Our work contributes to our understanding of how inbreeding depression can alter plant-pollinator interaction outcomes and raises questions about its influence on reproductive allocation.
Analysis of dipole-like ultra high frequency RFID tags close to metallic surfaces

It is a challenge for passive RFID tags to be mounted on the surface of metal because the parameters of tag antennas, such as the impedance matching, the radiation efficiency and the radiation pattern, are seriously affected by the metallic surface. This paper presents the characteristics of the dipole-like antennas of ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tags that are placed close to metallic surfaces. The finite element method (FEM) and method of moment (MoM) were used to simulate the changes of the antenna parameters near the metallic surface. Two typical dipole-like antennas close to the metallic surface, a closed loop antenna and a loaded meander antenna, were modeled, and the performance was evaluated. Experiment was carried out and the results were in good agreement with the simulation, showing that a distance of 0. 05λ∼0. 1λ (λ is the free space wavelength) from the metallic surface could make the dipole-like UHF RFID tag performance be acceptable.
Joint CD, DGD, and PDL Estimation Enabled by FrFT Based Time-Frequency Reconstruction

A high-precision optical performance monitoring (OPM) scheme is proposed to achieve chromatic dispersion estimation (CDE), differential group delay (DGD) estimation, and polarization-dependent loss (PDL) estimation simultaneously for the long haul coherent optical fiber communication system. A time-frequency analysis method based on the fractional Fourier transformation (FrFT) is applied to the optical signal under different channel impairments to reconstruct the two-dimensional distribution images. Multi-task convolutional neural network (MT-CNN) is then adopted to extract the corresponding features of impairments and establish a solid relationship between the images and impairment quantities, thus can jointly estimate CD, DGD, and PDL. We validate in simulation the proposed estimation using 50 GBaud PDM-16 QAM, the mean absolute error (MAE) for CD, DGD, and PDL estimation is 114 ps/nm, 0.26 ps, and 0.072 dB, and the monitoring window ranges from 1600∼48000 ps/nm, 4∼100 ps, and 0∼2 dB, respectively. Simulation verification indicates that the proposed estimation method achieves high precision and robustness to ASE noise and fiber nonlinearity of self-phase modulation (SPM).
Some observations on skin friction and velocity profiles in fully developed pipe and channel flows

Measurements of skin friction and mean-velocity profiles have been made in fully developed flows in pipes and channels in the Reynolds number range 1000 < Re < 10000. These measurements, and observations of hot-wire signals, indicate rather remarkable differences between two-dimensional and axially symmetric flows and also make it difficult to give a precise definition of the term ‘fully developed turbulent flow’.
Unsupervised Cross-Modality Adaptation via Dual Structural-Oriented Guidance for 3D Medical Image Segmentation

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved impressive performance in medical image segmentation; however, their performance could degrade significantly when being deployed to unseen data with heterogeneous characteristics. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) is a promising solution to tackle this problem. In this work, we present a novel UDA method, named dual adaptation-guiding network (DAG-Net), which incorporates two highly effective and complementary structural-oriented guidance in training to collaboratively adapt a segmentation model from a labelled source domain to an unlabeled target domain. Specifically, our DAG-Net consists of two core modules: 1) Fourier-based contrastive style augmentation (FCSA) which implicitly guides the segmentation network to focus on learning modality-insensitive and structural-relevant features, and 2) residual space alignment (RSA) which provides explicit guidance to enhance the geometric continuity of the prediction in the target modality based on a 3D prior of inter-slice correlation. We have extensively evaluated our method with cardiac substructure and abdominal multi-organ segmentation for bidirectional cross-modality adaptation between MRI and CT images. Experimental results on two different tasks demonstrate that our DAG-Net greatly outperforms the state-of-the-art UDA approaches for 3D medical image segmentation on unlabeled target images.
Selection of Manufacturing Technologies in the Context of Digital Transformation: A Systematic Review

Currently, the digital transformation phenomenon is evident in all decision areas within modern firms and directly impacts the technology management process. For manufacturers, the management and selection of appropriate manufacturing technologies are relevant processes for the achievement of strategic objectives, including a digital strategy. This work is characterized as a review paper, based on a systematic literature review approach. It is derived from the observation of a real problem in a recognized world-class automaker, regarding the selection of manufacturing technologies. The identified problem consists of the lack of a structured and consolidated decision-aiding procedure to support managers in selecting manufacturing technologies in the context of digital transformation, from defining performance objectives to recommending technologies according to the decision objective. The main theoretical implications is the proposition of a research agenda for the development of a decision-aiding procedure concerning two main decision objectives: (i) develop a technology roadmap for a long-term investment plan, and (ii) address specific issues to improve manufacturing performance. The main managerial implication is the synthesis of decision methods and decision criteria observed in the set of related works that can be used for future applications regarding the selection of manufacturing technologies.