Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid composition of two species of Japanese freshwater sponges Heterorotula multidentata and Spongilla alba

Demospongic fatty acids are distinctive fatty acids contained in the lipids of marine and freshwater sponges. These fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon chain with 5,9-diene and often have a further double bond in the terminal part of the molecule. Many studies have been done on demospongic acids in marine sponges. Recently, the presence of three demospongic acids (5,9–26 : 2, 5,9,19–26 : 3, and 5,9,20–27 : 3) in the Japanese marine sponge Halichondria panicea were identified. Only a few investigations of demospongic acids in freshwater sponges have been reported, and no study has dealt with Japanese freshwater sponges. In the present report, we present the results of a detailed study of the fatty acids present in two species of Japanese freshwater sponges, Heterorotula multidentata and Spongilla alba. The freshwater sponge H. multidentata was collected from the Doro River, Nagano prefecture, Japan, and S. alba was collected from Lake Shinji, Shimane prefecture, Japan. Total lipids (TL) were extracted from the sponge colonies according to the procedure of Bligh and Dyer. The lipid contents of the two species of sponges examined were 0.6% for H. multidentata and 0.5% for S. alba. To determine the composition of fatty acids in TL, treatment with 5% HCl–methanol of TL afforded fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), as well as dimethyl acetals. The FAME were separated using preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC) on silica gel 60G plates (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) with a mixture of n-hexane and diethyl ether (85 : 5 v/v), whereas dimethyl acetals were separated with toluene. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the FAME was performed using a Shimadzu GC14A (Shimadzu Seisakusho Co., Kyoto, Japan), with a flame ionization detector on a fused-silica capillary column coated with Omegawax 320 (30 m ¥ 0.32 mm i.d.). The carrier gas was helium. The column temperatures were programmed from 180∞C to 240∞C (2∞C/min), and the injector and detector temperature was 260∞C. Peak area percentages were obtained with a Shimadzu integrator C-R6A (Shimadzu Seisakusho Co.). Components of each peak on the gas chromatogram were identified by comparison of the retention time with authentic specimens (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) and from FAME prepared from the lipids of the marine sponge H. panicea. A gas chromatogram of FAME from the sponge H. multidentata is shown in Fig. 1. Five peaks (A–E in Fig. 1) due to the presence of very long chain fatty acids were detected, which could not be identified by authentic specimens. Two peaks, D and E, were identified as 5,9-26:2 and 5,9,19-26:3 by agreement with the retention times of those components present in the marine sponge H. panicea. For the structural determination of peaks A, B, and C, the FAME of H. multidentata were fractionated depending upon their degrees of unsaturation by PTLC on AgNO3-impregnated silica gel 60 plates (AgNO3–TLC) with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl Short Paper
Pcr Protocols A Guide To Methods And Applications

pcr protocols a guide to methods and applications is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the pcr protocols a guide to methods and applications is universally compatible with any devices to read.
SERIES WP 01-12 A New Measure of Herding and Empirical Evidence

This study proposes a new measure and test of herding which is based on the crosssectional dispersion of factor sensitivity of assets within a given market. This new measure enables us to evaluate the directions towards which the market may be herding and separate these from movements in fundamentals. We apply the test to an analysis of the US, UK, and South Korean stock markets and somewhat surprisingly, find statistically significant evidence of herding towards ”the market portfolio” during relatively quiet periods rather than when the market is under stress. The approach also allows us to investigate herding towards other factors beyond the market factor and we find that the US market shows significant herding towards “value” after the Russian Crisis in 1998. Keyword Herding, Non-central Chi Square Distribution, Cross-sectional Volatility, Risk Management. JEL Code C12,C31,G12,G14
A Translational Bioinformatics Approach to Parsing and Mapping ISCN Karyotypes: A Computational Cytogenetic Analysis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

ii Dedication.iv Acknowledgements.v Vita.vii List of Tables.ix List of Figures.x Chapter 1: Research Background and Thesis Goals.1 Chapter 2: LGF Parser and Mapper.16 Chapter 3: Disease Classification Using the LGF Model.33 Chapter 4: Clinical Cytogenetics and the LGF Model.43 Chapter 5: Drug Repurposing.57 Chapter 6: Conclusions . 68 References.76
Multi-Threshold NULL Convention Logic (MTNCL): An Ultra-Low Power Asynchronous Circuit Design Methodology

This paper develops an ultra-low power asynchronous circuit design methodology, called Multi-Threshold NULL Convention Logic (MTNCL), also known as Sleep Convention Logic (SCL), which combines Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) with NULL Convention Logic (NCL), to yield significant power reduction without any of the drawbacks of applying MTCMOS to synchronous circuits. In contrast to other power reduction techniques that usually result in large area overhead, MTNCL circuits are actually smaller than their original NCL versions. MTNCL utilizes high-Vt transistors to gate power and ground of a low-Vt logic block to provide for both fast switching and very low leakage power when idle. To demonstrate the advantages of MTNCL, a number of 32-bit IEEE single-precision floating-point co-processors were designed for comparison using the 1.2 V IBM 8RF-LM 130 nm CMOS process: original NCL, MTNCL with just combinational logic (C/L) slept, Bit-Wise MTNCL (BWMTNCL), MTNCL with C/L and completion logic slept, MTNCL with C/L, completion logic, and registers slept, MTNCL with Safe Sleep architecture, and synchronous MTCMOS. These designs are compared in terms of throughput, area, dynamic energy, and idle power, showing the tradeoffs between the various MTNCL architectures, and that the best MTNCL design is much better than the original NCL design in all aspects, and much better than the synchronous MTCMOS design in terms of area, energy per operation, and idle power, although the synchronous design can operate faster.
A Morpho-physiological Analysis of Diverse Drought Resistant and Sensitive Rice Genotypes to Identify Distinguishing Anatomical Root Phenes

A set of 37 genotypes selected from a survey of over 200 diverse germplasms, for their diverse drought tolerance mechanisms, were analyzed in this study for root physiological traits that are indicative of different drought resistance mechanisms. The genotypes include controls such as the drought sensitive IR64 and Nipponbare, along with the drought resistant Nagina 22 (N22) and Bengal landraces to identify distinguishing phenotypic features of resistant accessions. Anatomical traits studied include total areas of the cross-sections of the stele, cortex, aerenchyma, cortical-cell, and xylem tissue; the number of aerenchyma, xylem vessels, cortical cell file number and size that together describe a number of root phenes, or individual traits that can be analyzed genetically. To make paired comparisons in size using cross-section area the ratio of xylem to stele, stele to cortex, cortex to cross-section, stele to cross-section, cortical cell area to cortex, and aerenchyma to cortical cell area were calculated. Architectural traits were evaluated for root diameter, number of crown roots, lateral root densities, root length and root angles. To study the expression of genes with known function in root traits, the intrinsic gene expression levels of ten candidate genes under optimal growth conditions were estimated by qRT-PCR, which was then used in correlation studies with the data on phenotypic variation. These correlations between gene expression and root phenotype across diverse rice genotypes provide a novel insight to the role of these genes in determining root phenes and their potential function in drought resistance.
Large-scale temperature response to external forcing in simulations and reconstructions of the last millennium

Abstract. Understanding natural climate variability and its driving factors is crucial to assessing future climate change. Therefore, comparing proxy-based climate reconstructions with forcing factors as well as comparing these with paleoclimate model simulations is key to gaining insights into the relative roles of internal versus forced variability. A review of the state of modelling of the climate of the last millennium prior to the CMIP5–PMIP3 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5–Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3) coordinated effort is presented and compared to the available temperature reconstructions. Simulations and reconstructions broadly agree on reproducing the major temperature changes and suggest an overall linear response to external forcing on multidecadal or longer timescales. Internal variability is found to have an important influence at hemispheric and global scales. The spatial distribution of simulated temperature changes during the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age disagrees with that found in the reconstructions. Thus, either internal variability is a possible major player in shaping temperature changes through the millennium or the model simulations have problems realistically representing the response pattern to external forcing. A last millennium transient climate response (LMTCR) is defined to provide a quantitative framework for analysing the consistency between simulated and reconstructed climate. Beyond an overall agreement between simulated and reconstructed LMTCR ranges, this analysis is able to single out specific discrepancies between some reconstructions and the ensemble of simulations. The disagreement is found in the cases where the reconstructions show reduced covariability with external forcings or when they present high rates of temperature change.
Managing coniferous production forests towards bat conservation

Abstract Context. Forest management has impacts on bats worldwide. Given that many forest bats are threatened and that bats are important providers of ecosystem services, understanding the effects of forest management practices on their activity is fundamental for the implementation of conservation measures. Despite these important issues, studies on the effects of management practices on bats are scarce. Aims. To propose management measures for coniferous production forests, to ensure sustainability of bat populations. Methods. We evaluated bat species richness and activity during gestation, lactation and mating/swarming/dispersion seasons in differently managed pine stands to evaluate how vegetation structure influences those variables. Bat activity was surveyed using acoustic monitoring in 28 sampling plots within stands with distinct management records in Portugal. We also sampled arthropods using light traps to ascertain how prey availability influenced bat species richness and activity in those plots. Key results. Bat species richness and activity varied along the three phenological seasons and were higher in autumn, when mating, swarming and dispersion from nurseries to hibernacula took place. Prey availability varied, but was higher during the lactation season. We hypothesise that the lower levels of bat species richness and activity registered during that period were due to a reduced availability of roosts, rather than food scarcity. Species richness was positively correlated with canopy cover and prey taxa richness, and negatively associated with dry branches cover. Total bat activity was positively correlated with tree height and prey taxa richness, and negatively associated with dry branches cover. The activity of edge-space foragers was positively associated with average tree height and prey taxa richness, while the activity of open-space foragers was negatively associated with dry branches cover. Conclusions. Coniferous production forests are of great importance for bats during the mating/swarming/dispersion season. Canopy cover, dry branches cover, tree height and prey taxa richness influence bat species richness and activity as a whole, particularly the activity of open- and edge- foraging guilds. Implications. Based on our results, two straightforward management actions should be implemented in coniferous production forests to increase their value for bat assemblages: the maintenance of old coniferous stands, and the cutting of dry branches at the subcanopy level.
Iranian Angle to Non-Audit Services: Some Empirical Evidence

The purpose of this paper is to show different Iranian accountants’ as well shareholders’ ideas on Non-audit services and their effects on audit independence in Iran. In other words, in this paper the authors have attempted to deal with this question: does providing non-audit services by an Iranian auditor impair audit independence? And in order to gather usable data a suitable questionnaire was designed and developed. The results of this study show that the participants strongly believe that non-audit services may impair audit independence. It is interesting to note that, although the auditors offer to clients non-audit services, they believe that offering such services leads to audit independence being questionable. Further, the result reveals that literate participants moderately agree that NAS has a negative effect on audit independence, however illiterate participants strongly agree that NAS has a negative affect on audit independence. This paper is the first paper which includes two groups of participants: the first group is auditors in general, or we can call them academiciana with pretensions to having auditing literacy and the second group is non- academician, including stakeholders who may not have auditing literacy skills. This may useful for future studies regarding the non-audit service and its effect on audit independence.
An overview of Conservation Agriculture in the dry Mediterranean environments with a special focus on Syria and Lebanon

Conservation Agriculture (CA), comprising minimum or no mechanical soil disturbance through no-till seeding, organic soil mulch cover, and crop diversification is now practiced on some 157 million ha worldwide, corresponding to about 11% of the global cropped land. CA adoption in the Middle-East is low compared to other regions. Lack of knowledge on CA practices and systems discourages farmers from giving up ploughing. The main reason why farmers in the Middle-East have begun to apply the no-till system has been the cost reduction in fuel, labor and machinery required for land preparation. Soil and water conservation concerns do not appear to be the main drivers in the Middle-Eastern farmers’ decision to adopt or not to adopt CA. The adoption and uptake of CA by Middle Eastern farmers has been slow but it is nonetheless occurring gradually. Collection of information and research parameters related to agricultural practices are needed for designing a suitable soil and water conservation program for sustainable production intensification. Governmental policy encouraging the adoption and spread of CA systems in the Middle-East region is certainly a necessary condition for uptake. The objective of this article is to review the current status of adoption and spread of CA in the Middle-East, focusing mainly on Syria and Lebanon, and the potential beneficial consequences that can be harnessed through CA systems under rainfed conditions in both countries. The benefits include: higher factor productivity, yield and income; improved soil properties; climate change adaptation, including reduced vulnerability to the erratic rainfall distribution; and reduction in machinery, fuel and labor costs.
Cardiac Excitation and Contraction Sarcolemmal distribution of I Ca and I NCX and Ca 2 (cid:2) autoregulation in mouse ventricular myocytes

Sarcolemmal distribution of I Ca and I NCX and Ca 2 (cid:2) autoregulation in mouse ventricular myocytes. Am Physiol ajpheart.00117. 2017. —The balance of Ca 2 (cid:2) inﬂux and efﬂux regulates the Ca 2 (cid:2) load of cardiac myocytes, a process known as autoregulation. Previous work has shown that Ca 2 (cid:2) inﬂux, via L-type Ca 2 (cid:2) current ( I Ca ), and efﬂux, via the Na (cid:2) /Ca 2 (cid:2) exchanger (NCX), occur predominantly at t-tubules; however, the role of t-tubules in autoregulation is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the sarcolemmal distribution of I Ca and NCX current ( I NCX ), and autoregulation, in mouse ventricular myocytes using whole cell voltage-clamp and simultaneous Ca 2 (cid:2) measurements in intact and detubulated (DT) cells. In contrast to the rat, I NCX was located predominantly at the surface membrane, and the hysteresis between I NCX and Ca 2 (cid:2) observed in intact myocytes was preserved after detubulation. Immuno-staining showed both NCX and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) at the t-tubules and surface membrane, consistent with colocalization of NCX and RyRs at both
Episodic Memory

On the morning of September 11, 2001, two planes hit the towers of the World Trade Center. Although people will never forget this event, they also report that they will never forget who fi rst told them and where they were when they heard of the attack. Memory for the personal circumstances surrounding events of great consequence is termed fl ashbulb memory (Brown & Kulik 1977). On September 12, 2001, Talarico and Rubin (2003) had students report memories for a recent everyday event and for the particulars of learning about 9/11. Accuracy decreased similarly for both types of memory, despite participants reporting their fl ashbulb memories with great confi dence. Inaccurate fl ashbulb memories are the norm (e.g., Schmolck et al. 2000; but see Berntsen & Thomsen 2005), no matter how noteworthy your connection to the event. On December 4, 2001 and January 5, 2002, President George W. Bush reported that he watched on television as the fi rst plane fl ew into one of the towers (though this would have been impossible), while on December 20, 2001 he told the Washington Post that Karl Rove told him about the fi rst plane (Greenberg 2004). What kind of memory do we have that at once makes some memories indelible, others quickly forgotten, and still others reconstructions that we mistake for real? An understanding of memory is central to an understanding of all aspects of cognition. Memory supports object recognition and perceptual categorization (Palmeri & Gauthier 2004), decision-making (Dougherty et al. 2003), infl uences attention (Clark et al. 1996), is modifi ed by expertise (Chase & Simon 1973), and affects how you read (Zwaan 1994), speak (Goldinger & Azuma 2004), and plan (Gronlund et al. 2005). With that broad scope, it is not surprising that memory plays an important role in many real-world settings: Novice medical students recall more verbatim details about a case whereas expert physicians make more inferences and recall more of the relevant information (Patel et al. 1999); air traffi c controllers exhibit superior memory for aircraft in confl ict (Gronlund et al. 1998); and older adults can be confused about whether they have already taken that day’s medication (Einstein et al. 1998). Furthermore, memory lies at the crux of many important applied problems, such as eyewitness identifi cation (Wells & Olson 2003). The topic of this chapter is not the entire realm of memory: Tulving and Craik (2000) edited such a volume, which ran to 700 pages. One classifi cation scheme that helps to
Emotions in the Workplace: Research, Theory, and Practice

Foreword by Blake Ashforth Introduction Emotions in the Workplace: Developments in the Study of the Managed Heart by Neal M. Ashkanasy, Charmine E. J. Hartel, and Wilfred J. Zerbe Organizational Behavior as Emotion Management by Willem Mastenbroek Affective Events-Emotions Matrix: A Classification of Work Events and Associated Emotions by John Basch and Cynthia D. Fisher Doing Justice to Workplace Emotion by Russell Cropanzano, Howard M. Weiss, Kathleen J. Suckow, and Alicia A. Grandey Commentary: The Nature of Emotions in Organizations by Wilfred J. Zerbe, Charmine E. J. Hartel, and Neal M. Ashkanasy Emotions as Structuring Forces in Organizations Powerful Emotions: The Vicious Cycle of Social Status Positions and Emotions by Larissa Z. Tiedens Gendering Emotions, Gendering Teams: The Construction of Emotions in Self-managing Teamwork by Marjukka Ollilainen Commentary: Emotions as an Organizing Principle by Charmine E. J. Hartel and Wilfred J. Zerbe The Role of Emotions in Helping to Understand Organizational Dynamics Owning Up or Opting Out: The Role of Emotions and Identities in Issue Ownership by Michael G. Pratt and Jane E. Dutton Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Acceptance of Feedback: Individual Difference Moderators by Lonna J. Anderson and Robert G. Jones Affective Reactions to Physical Appearance by Anat Rafaeli and Avi Kluger Commentary: Emotions as Mediators and Moderators by Wilfred J. Zerbe and Charmine E.J. Hartel Outcomes of Emotions in the Workplace The Organizational Culture of a Street Kid Agency: Understanding Employee Reactions to Pressures to Feel by Jeffrey Karabanow Catching Fire Without Burning Out: Is There an Ideal Way to Perform Emotion Labor? by Susan M. Kruml and Deanna Geddes Emotional Dissonance and Employee Well-being by Wilfred J. Zerbe Commentary: Reconciling Research Findings by Charmine E. J. Hartel and Wilfred J. Zerbe Emerging Research Agendas Transformational Leadership as Management of Emotion: A Conceptual Review by Neal M. Ashkanasy and Barry Tse The Importance of Job Characteristics to Emotional Displays by Ronald H. Humphrey Shame and Work by Christian F. Poulson II Commentary: Emerging Research Agendas by Neal M. Ashkanasy, Charmine E.J. Hartel, and Wilfred J. Zerbe References Index
Star Formation and AGN Activity in Galaxies Classified Using the 1.6 μm Bump and PAH Features at z = 0.4-2

We studied the star-formation and AGN activity of massive galaxies in the redshift range z = 0.4-2, which were detected in a deep survey field using the AKARI InfraRed (IR) astronomical satellite and Subaru telescope toward the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP). The AKARI/IRC Mid-InfraRed (MIR) multiband photometry was used to trace the star-forming activities with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emission, which is effective not only to distinguish between star-forming and AGN galaxies, but also to estimate the Star Formation Rate (SFR) with converting its flux to the total emitting IR (TIR) luminosity. In combination with the analyses of the stellar components, we studied the MIR SED features of star-forming and AGN-harboring galaxies, which we summarize below: (1) The rest-frame 7.7-μm and 5-μm luminosities are good tracers of star-forming and AGN activities from their PAH and dusty tori emissions, respectively. (2) For dusty star-forming galaxies without AGN, their SFR shows a correlation that is nearly proportional to their stellar mass, and their specific SFR (sSFR) per unit stellar mass increases with redshift. Extinctions estimated from their TIR luminosities are larger than those from their optical SED fittings, which may be caused by geometric variations of dust in them. (3) Even for dusty star-forming galaxies with AGN, SFRs can be derived from their TIR luminosities with subtraction of the obscured AGN contribution, which indicates that their SFRs were possibly quenched around z ≃ 0.8 compared with those without AGN. (4) The AGN activity from their rest-frame 5-μm luminosity suggests that their Super Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) could already have grown to ≃ 3 × 10 8 M ⊙ in most massive galaxies with 10 11 M ⊙ at z > 1.2, and the mass relation between SMBHs and their host galaxies has already become established by z ≃ 1-2.