Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A type reduction theory for systems with replicated components

The Parameterised Model Checking Problem asks whether an implementation Impl(t) satisfies a specification Spec(t) for all instantiations of parameter t. In general, t can determine numerous entities: the number of processes used in a network, the type of data, the capacities of buffers, etc. The main theme of this paper is automation of uniform verification of a subclass of PMCP with the parameter of the first kind, i.e. the number of processes in the network. We use CSP as our formalism. We present a type reduction theory, which, for a given verification problem, establishes a function \phi that maps all (sufficiently large) instantiations T of the parameter to some fixed type T^ and allows us to deduce that if Spec(T^) is refined by \phi(Impl(T)), then (subject to certain assumptions) Spec(T) is refined by Impl(T). The theory can be used in practice by combining it with a suitable abstraction method that produces a t-independent process Abstr that is refined by {\phi}(Impl(T)) for all sufficiently large T. Then, by testing (with a model checker) if the abstract model Abstr refines Spec(T^), we can deduce a positive answer to the original uniform verification problem. The type reduction theory relies on symbolic representation of process behaviour. We develop a symbolic operational semantics for CSP processes that satisfy certain normality requirements, and we provide a set of translation rules that allow us to concretise symbolic transition graphs. Based on this, we prove results that allow us to infer behaviours of a process instantiated with uncollapsed types from known behaviours of the same process instantiated with a reduced type. One of the main advantages of our symbolic operational semantics and the type reduction theory is their generality, which makes them applicable in a wide range of settings.
Principles of neural coding.

Section I Methods Physiological Foundations of Neural Signals Kevin Whittingstall and Nikos K. Logothetis Biophysics of Extracellular Spikes Costas A. Anastassiou, Gyorgy Buzsaki, and Christof Koch Local Field Potentials: Biophysical Origin and Analysis Gaute T. Einevoll, Henrik Linden, Tom Tetzlaff, Szymon Leski, and Klas H. Pettersen Spike Sorting Juan Martinez and Rodrigo Quian Quiroga Spike-Train Analysis Ines Samengo, Daniel Elijah, and Marcelo A. Montemurro Synchronization Measures Thomas Kreuz Role of Correlations in Population Coding Peter E. Latham and Yasser Roudi Decoding and Information Theory in Neuroscience Rodrigo Quian Quiroga and Stefano Panzeri Section II Experimental Results Neural Coding of Visual Objects Charles E. Connor Coding in the Auditory System Jan Schnupp Coding in the Whisker Sensory System Mathew E. Diamond and Ehsan Arabzadeh Neural Coding in the Olfactory System Ron A. Jortner Coding across Sensory Modalities: Integrating the Dynamic Face with the Voice Chandramouli Chandrasekaran and Asif A. Ghazanfar Population Coding by Place Cells and Grid Cells Jill K. Leutgeb, Emily A. Mankin, and Stefan Leutgeb Coding of Movement Intentions Hansjorg Scherberger, Rodrigo Quian Quiroga, and Richard A. Andersen Neural Coding of Short-Term Memory Stefanie Liebe and Gregor Rainer Role of Temporal Spike Patterns in Neural Codes Rasmus S. Petersen Adaptation and Sensory Coding Miguel Maravall Sparse and Explicit Neural Coding Peter Foldiak Information Coding by Cortical Populations Kenneth D. Harris Information Content of Local Field Potentials: Experiments and Models Alberto Mazzoni, Nikos K. Logothetis, and Stefano Panzeri Principles of Neural Coding from EEG Signals Fernando H. Lopes da Silva Gamma-Band Synchronization and Information Transmission Martin Vinck, Thilo Womelsdorf, and Pascal Fries Decoding Information from fMRI Signals Jakob Heinzle and John-Dylan Haynes Section III Theoretical and In Silico Approaches Dynamics of Neural Networks Nicolas Brunel Learning and Coding in Neural Networks Timothee Masquelier and Gustavo Deco Ising Models for Inferring Network Structure from Spike Data John A. Hertz, Yasser Roudi, and Joanna Tyrcha Vocal Learning with Inverse Models Richard H. R. Hahnloser and Surya Ganguli Computational Models of Visual Object Recognition Gabriel Kreiman Coding in Neuromorphic VLSI Networks Giacomo Indiveri Open-Source Software for Studying Neural Codes Robin A. A. Ince
Microtia and associated anomalies: statistical analysis.

Terms such as oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, Goldenhar syndrome, and hemifacial microsomia have been used to describe microtia with specific combinations of other craniofacial anomalies. Microtia is also observed with anomalies of postcranial structures. Statistical studies were performed on 297 patients with microtia and other anomalies to identify subgroups of patients representing previously described or new associations. Analysis identified 15 subgroups of patients with specific patterns of anomalies. Log-linear analyses of cranial and postcranial variables demonstrated a positive association between mandibular hypoplasia and cervical spine fusion, which was, in turn, positively associated with other spine anomalies (P less than .02) and other skeletal anomalies (P less than .001). Although unilateral microtia was commonly observed with mandibular hypoplasia, mandibular hypoplasia was negatively associated with bilateral microtia. Many of the associated anomalies were of structures not derived from the 1st and 2nd branchial arch neural crest. However, most associated anomalies were of structures derived from migratory cell populations or populations undergoing differentiation prior to migration between the 19th and 24th day post-fertilization (neural crest, ectodermal placode, mesoderm, surface ectoderm). These findings suggest that many different cell populations may be disturbed in the pathogenesis of microtia in association with other anomalies. The timing of the pathogenetic event may determine the specific pattern of associated anomalies.
Continuous Depth Map Reconstruction From Light Fields

In this paper, we investigate how the recently emerged photography technology - the light field - can benefit depth map estimation, a challenging computer vision problem. A novel framework is proposed to reconstruct continuous depth maps from light field data. Unlike many traditional methods for the stereo matching problem, the proposed method does not need to quantize the depth range. By making use of the structure information amongst the densely sampled views in light field data, we can obtain dense and relatively reliable local estimations. Starting from initial estimations, we go on to propose an optimization method based on solving a sparse linear system iteratively with a conjugate gradient method. Two different affinity matrices for the linear system are employed to balance the efficiency and quality of the optimization. Then, a depth-assisted segmentation method is introduced so that different segments can employ different affinity matrices. Experiment results on both synthetic and real light fields demonstrate that our continuous results are more accurate, efficient, and able to preserve more details compared with discrete approaches.
Antigen-Specific Inhibition of Effector T Cell Function in Humans after Injection of Immature Dendritic Cells

Immunostimulatory properties of dendritic cells (DCs) are linked to their maturation state. Injection of mature DCs rapidly enhances antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity in humans. Here we describe the immune response to a single injection of immature DCs pulsed with influenza matrix peptide (MP) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in two healthy subjects. In contrast to prior findings using mature DCs, injection of immature DCs in both subjects led to the specific inhibition of MP-specific CD8+ T cell effector function in freshly isolated T cells and the appearance of MP-specific interleukin 10–producing cells. When pre- and postimmunization T cells were boosted in culture, there were greater numbers of MP-specific major histocompatibility complex tetramer-binding cells after immunization, but these had reduced interferon γ production and lacked killer activity. These data demonstrate the feasibility of antigen-specific inhibition of effector T cell function in vivo in humans and urge caution with the use of immature DCs when trying to enhance tumor or microbial immunity.
Genetics of dispersal

Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and demography. It is subject to evolutionary change, which begs the question, what is the genetic basis of this potentially complex trait? To address this question, we (i) review the empirical literature on the genetic basis of dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations of the evolution of dispersal have represented the genetics of dispersal, and (iii) discuss how the genetic basis of dispersal influences theoretical predictions of the evolution of dispersal and potential consequences.
Exposure to Environmental Antigens Induces the Development of Germinal Centers in Premature Neonates

The immune response of the neonate is poor and is dependent on passive immunity provided by maternal Ig. However, here we show that exposure of the neonate to environmental antigens induces a germinal center (GC) reaction. In the peripheral blood of premature infants one finds IgG class switched B cells expressing a selected V-gene repertoire. These data suggest that restrictions in the repertoire rather than immaturity of the immune system is responsible for the poor immune responses of the neonate.
Numerical Analysis of the Induced Corona Vibrations on High-Voltage Transmission Lines Affected by Rainfall

Droplets formation on high-voltage transmission lines affected by rainfall amplifies the corona discharges from the conductors. The induced corona vibrations intensify the fatigue of high-voltage conductors and supporting elements. The alternating presence of space charge and the ionic wind associated with the corona discharge are the main causes of this phenomenon. The objective of this paper is to validate a numerical simulation method to investigate the effects of different parameters (electric field strength and polarity, rain intensity, transverse wind velocity) on the amplitude of the induced corona vibrations. The finite element method was used to develop the numerical model of the conductor movement under the action of mechanical and electrical forces, while time discretization was made with the finite difference method. The numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. The model enables better comprehension of the induced corona vibration mechanism.
Food and Drug Administration regulation of tobacco: integrating science, law, policy, and advocacy.

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (hereafter referred to as “the Act”) became law in 2009. One of its key provisions grants the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to regulate tobacco products “for the protection of the public health. ”1 Recognizing that the traditional “safe and effective” standard governing drugs and devices was inappropriate for tobacco products, which are inherently lethal, Congress designed the “public health standard … to be a flexible standard that focuses on the overall goal of reducing the number of individuals who die or are harmed by tobacco products. ”2 The language is intentionally broad, focusing on protecting the health of the population as a whole. Before the FDA can adopt a tobacco product standard, it must consider the scientific evidence regarding: (1) the risks and benefits of the proposed standard to the entire population, including both users and nonusers of tobacco products; (2) the increased or decreased likelihood that existing users of tobacco products will stop using such products; and (3) the increased or decreased likelihood that those who do not currently use tobacco products, most notably youth, will start to use tobacco products.1 To assist the FDA with these determinations, a Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee (TPSAC) was established, comprising individuals with expertise ranging from basic to population science. Congress mandated the TPSAC to issue its first report and set of recommendations to the FDA by March 2011 on the impact of menthol on public health, especially on “children, African-Americans, Hispanics, and other racial and ethnic minorities. ” The FDA is empowered to ban or reduce menthol in cigarettes if it determines such action would satisfy the public health standard. Given the likely complex impact of product standards on patterns of tobacco use, a transdisciplinary perspective is needed to fully understand how the population will adapt to changes in the regulatory environment. This editorial explores the meaning of the new standard, and specifically how scientific evidence, including 3 articles in this month's Journal,3–5 can help to inform the FDA's consideration of the menthol question.
Demo: LL-MEC A SDN-based MEC Platform

Software-defined Networking (SDN) is seen as a promising solution that allows for a more distributed, flexible, and scalable network. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), initiated as an Industry Specification Group (ISG) within ETSI, is also emerging as a low-latency and high-throughput cloud environment at the edge of network. The noticeable success that aforementioned technologies made attracts massive research interests and the interplay between them on programmable network requires an open source platform to evaluate. In this work, we present a low-latency MEC platform (LL-MEC) providing the required flexibility and programmability to meet the expected performance gain following SDN and MEC principles. We also demonstrate an use case of real-time content caching application using LL-MEC platform and OpenAirInterface LTE implementation on commodity hardware.
Agoraphobia and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels between Tamoxifen and Goserelin versus Tamoxifen Alone in Premenopausal Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: A 12-Month Prospective Randomized Study

Objective Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor antagonist used to prevent recurrence of breast cancer, which may provoke depression and anxiety and increase follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to patients. We compared anxiety and depression symptoms and FSH levels who received conventional tamoxifen alone and combination treatment of goserelin, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue, with tamoxifen. Methods Sixty-four premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer were included and were assigned randomly to receive either tamoxifen and goserelin combination or tamoxifen alone for 12 months. The participants were evaluated blindly using the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scale, the Beck Depression Rating Scale, and the Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ). Blood FSH levels were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Results A significant time×group difference was detected in the agoraphobia trends subscale of the APPQ and in FSH levels. The combination group showed significantly less increases in agoraphobia subscale of APPQ and greater decreases in FSH level than those in the tamoxifen-alone group from baseline to 12 months of treatment. No significant differences for age, tumor grade, body mass index, or family history were found at baseline between the two groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that the combination treatment of tamoxifen and goserelin resulted in less agoraphobia than tamoxifen alone in premenopausal women with breast cancer, which may associated with FSH suppression of goserelin.
High efficiency CMOS rectifier circuits for UHF RFIDs using Vth cancellation techniques

Two types of CMOS rectifier circuits for UHF RFIDs have been proposed. Large power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been achieved by Vth cancellation techniques. In the Self-Vth-Cancellation (SVC) CMOS rectifier, the threshold voltage of MOSFETs is cancelled by gate bias voltage generated from the output voltage of the rectifier itself, resulting in excellent PCE. The differential-drive CMOS rectifier has a cross-coupled bridge configuration and is driven by a differential RF input. A differential-drive scheme realizes an active gate bias mechanism and simultaneously enables both low ON-resistance and small reverse leakage of diode-connected MOS transistors, resulting in large PCE, especially under small RF input power conditions. Test circuits for both types of rectifiers were fabricated and the measured performances were compared with those of conventional rectifiers.
Grips and gestures on a multi-touch pen

This paper explores the interaction possibilities enabled when the barrel of a digital pen is augmented with a multi-touch sensor. We present a novel multi-touch pen (MTPen) prototype and discuss its alternate uses beyond those of a standard stylus, such as allowing new touch gestures to be performed using the index finger or thumb and detecting how users grip the device as a mechanism for mode switching. We also discuss the hardware and software implementation challenges in realizing our prototype, and showcase how one can combine different grips (tripod, relaxed tripod, sketch, wrap) and gestures (swipe and double tap) to enable new interaction techniques with the MTPen in a prototype drawing application. One specific aim is the elimination of some of the comfort problems associated with existing auxiliary controls on digital pens. Mechanical controls such as barrel buttons and barrel scroll wheels work best in only a few specific hand grips and pen rotations. Comparatively, our gestures can be successfully and comfortably performed regardless of the rotation of the pen or how the user grips it, offering greater flexibility in use. We describe a formal evaluation comparing MTPen gestures against the use of a barrel button for mode switching. This study shows that both swipe and double tap gestures are comparable in performance to commonly employed barrel buttons without its disadvantages.
Dynamics of agile software development

Software projects have traditionally been problematic in terms of quality, cost and time. Researchers and practitioners have focused on agile software development as an alternative to overcome these problems. Agile methods employ iterative development cycles (typically 20 working-days), interspersed by user feedback. The key to agile projects is the sense of urgency created by the need to deliver at regular intervals. This paper examines this construct, i.e., schedule pressure. We investigate the relationship between the level of agility (length of the iterative cycle) and project outcomes. We argue that project outcomes may suffer either from a team being too inactive, e.g., in sequential or low levels of agility, or from a team being over-active over too long, a situation likely to occur in high levels of agility. We hypothesize that moderate levels of agility are likely to result in the best project outcomes. We test our hypothesis through simulation, and find a U-shaped pattern: performance is better when iteration lengths are 50 working-days, as opposed to 20 working-day cycles widely used in practice. Our analysis provides both theoretical insights into the dynamics of agile software development and practical suggestions for managing these projects.
Antecedents and Consequences of Interpersonal Trust: An Empirical Study

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of empowerment, participation and feedback as antecedents of interpersonal trust and organizational commitment and productivity as consequences of interpersonal trust. This study also attempts to find the influence of empowerment, participation and feedback on positive organizational outcomes such as organizational commitment and productivity. A quantitative research design was employed. Data were collected through survey instrument from 186 participants comprising professional, administrative and support staff working in one municipality of Istanbul (Turkey) government. The research results indicate that interpersonal trust is vital to positive organizational outcomes such as organizational commitment and productivity and to enhance the interpersonal trust and positive organizational outcomes, which are characterized by empowerment, participation and feedback are very important.
Endogenous Erythropoietin and Outcome in Heart Failure

Background— Endogenous erythropoietin is increased in patients with heart failure (HF). Previous small-scale data suggest that these erythropoietin levels are related to prognosis. This study aims to analyze the clinical and prognostic value of erythropoietin levels in relation to hemoglobin in a large cohort of HF patients. Methods and Results— In patients hospitalized for HF, endogenous erythropoietin levels were measured at discharge and after 6 months. In anemic patients, the relation between erythropoietin and hemoglobin levels was determined by calculating the observed/predicted ratio of erythropoietin levels. We studied data from 605 patients with HF. Mean age was 71±11 years; 62% were male; and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.33±0.14. Median erythropoietin levels were 9.6 U/L at baseline and 10.5 U/L at 6 months. Higher erythropoietin levels at baseline were independently related to an increased mortality at 18 months (hazard ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.40 to 3.04; P<0.01). In addition, persistently elevated erythropoietin levels (higher than median at baseline and at 6 months) were related to an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio, 2.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 4.90; P=0.044). The observed/predicted ratio was determined in a subset of anemic patients, 79% of whom had erythropoietin levels lower than expected and 9% had levels higher than expected on the basis of their hemoglobin. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a higher observed/predicted ratio was related to an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio, 3.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.53 to 8.12; P=0.003). Conclusions— Erythropoietin levels predict mortality in HF patients, and persistently elevated levels have an independent prognostic value. In anemic HF patients, the majority had a low observed/predicted ratio. However, a higher observed/predicted ratio may be related to an independent increased mortality risk.
Tree Annotation Tool using Two-phase Parsing to Reduce Manual Effort for Building a Treebank

In this paper, we propose a tree annotation tool using a parser in order to build a treebank. For the purpose of minimizing manual effort without any mod-iﬁcation of the parser, it performs two-phase parsing for the intra-structure of each segment and the inter-structure after segmenting a sentence. Experimental results show that it can reduce manual effort about 24.5% as compared with a tree annotation tool without segmentation because an annotation’s intervention related to cancellation and reconstruction remarkably decrease although it requires the annotator to segment some long sentence.
2 Potential Field and Force Field Functions

In this paper is presented a navigation scheme, based on a genetic algorithm, for autonomous robot navigation. Potential fields are used to attract the robot by the goal position and reject it by the obstacles. In the scheme presented here obstacles are automatically detected by simulated sonar sensors. The configuration of the optimum potential field is determined by the genetic algorithm. Intermediate goal points are used for global path planning. Simulation results show that the scheme reported has a good performance in unknown environments with high obstacle densities. Key-Words: Automatic guided vehicles, Robot navigation, genetic algorithms, potential fields