Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality After Treatment for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast

Background Recent concerns about potential overdiagnosis and overtreatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) render evaluation of late effects of treatment, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), of great importance. We studied cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a large population-based cohort of DCIS patients. Methods Data on all incident DCIS case patients in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2004 who were diagnosed before the age of 75 years were obtained (n = 10468). CVD data was acquired through linkage with population-based registries. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated by comparing mortality in our cohort with that in the Dutch female population, taking into account person-years of observation. Within-cohort comparisons were based on multivariable competing-risk regression. Results Compared with the general population, 5-year survivors of DCIS had a similar risk of dying due to any cause (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97 to 1.11) but a lower risk of dying of CVD (SMR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.89). No difference in CVD risk was found when comparing 5-year survivors treated with radiotherapy with those treated with surgery only. Left-sided vs right-sided radiotherapy also did not increase this risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.32). In a subgroup analysis of all DCIS patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2005, we were able to account for history of CVD and did not observe a risk difference between treatment groups (left-sided vs right-sided radiotherapy: HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.29). Conclusions After a median follow-up of 10 years, we did not find an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity or mortality after radiotherapy for DCIS when comparing surgery and radiotherapy vs surgery only, nor when comparing radiotherapy for left-sided vs right-sided DCIS. Compared with the general population, DCIS patients have a decreased risk of cardiovascular death, independent of treatment.
Insulin Resistance: A Marker for Fat-to-Lean Body Composition in Japanese Adults

We sought to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and body composition as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis in Japanese health check-up recipients (1186 men and 1441 women). IR was defined as a Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) ≥ 2.5. In body-composition-related parameters, the fat mass index (F index) was defined as fat mass divided by the height squared (kg/m2). The fat-free mass index (FF index) was defined as fat-free mass divided by the height squared (kg/m2). The F index to FF index ratio (F-FF ratio) was defined as the F index divided by the FF index. Factors related to HOMA-IR were examined. The median HOMA-IR was 1.54 in men and 1.30 in women (p < 0.0001). The median F index was 4.9 kg/m2 in men and 6.1 kg/m2 in women (p < 0.0001). The median FF index was 18.2 kg/m2 in men and 15.1 kg/m2 in women (p < 0.0001). The median F-FF ratio was 0.272 in men and 0.405 in women (p < 0.0001). The F-FF ratio was an independent factor associated with HOMA-IR in the multivariate analysis in both genders, while the F index and FF index were not in both genders. In conclusion, fat and skeletal muscle balance can be controlled by IR in Japanese adults.
Comparison of ground truth location of earthquake from InSAR and from ambient seismic noise: A case study of the 1998 Zhangbei earthquake

Because ambient seismic noise provides estimated Green’s function (EGF) between two sites with high accuracy, Rayleigh wave propagation along the path connecting the two sites is well resolved. Therefore, earthquakes which are close to one seismic station can be well located with calibration extracting from EGF. We test two algorithms in locating the 1998 Zhangbei earthquake, one algorithm is waveform-based, and the other is traveltime-based. We first compute EGF between station ZHB (a station about 40 km away from the epicenter) and five IC/IRIS stations. With the waveform-based approach, we calculate 1D synthetic single-force Green’s functions between ZHB and other four stations, and obtain traveltime corrections by correlating synthetic Green’s functions with EGFs in period band of 10–30 s. Then we locate the earthquake by minimizing the differential travel times between observed earthquake waveform and the 1D synthetic earthquake waveforms computed with focal mechanism provided by Global CMT after traveltime correction from EGFs. This waveform-based approach yields a location which error is about 13 km away from the location observed with InSAR. With the traveltime-based approach, we begin with measuring group velocity from EGFs as well as group arrival time on observed earthquake waveforms, and then locate the earthquake by minimizing the difference between observed group arrival time and arrival time measured on EGFs. This traveltime-based approach yields accuracy of 3 km, Therefore it is feasible to achieve GT5 (ground truth location with accuracy 5 km) with ambient seismic noises. The less accuracy of the waveform-based approach was mainly caused by uncertainty of focal mechanism.
Mapping Urban Areas with Integration of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light and MODIS Data Using Machine Learning Techniques

Mapping urban areas at global and regional scales is an urgent and crucial task for detecting urbanization and human activities throughout the world and is useful for discerning the influence of urban expansion upon the ecosystem and the surrounding environment. DMSP-OLS stable nighttime lights have provided an effective way to monitor human activities on a global scale. Threshold-based algorithms have been widely used for extracting urban areas and estimating urban expansion, but the accuracy can decrease because of the empirical and subjective selection of threshold values. This paper proposes an approach for extracting urban areas with the integration of DMSP-OLS stable nighttime lights and MODIS data utilizing training sample datasets selected from DMSP-OLS and MODIS NDVI based on several simple strategies. Four classification algorithms were implemented for comparison: the classification and regression tree (CART), k-nearest-neighbors (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forests (RF). A case study was carried out on the eastern part of China, covering 99 cities and 1,027,700 km(2). The classification results were validated using an independent land cover dataset, and then compared with an existing contextual classification method. The results showed that the new method can achieve results with comparable accuracies, and is easier to implement and less sensitive to the initial thresholds than the contextual method. Among the four classifiers implemented, RF achieved the most stable results and the highest average Kappa. Meanwhile CART produced highly overestimated results compared to the other three classifiers. Although k-NN and SVM tended to produce similar accuracy, less-bright areas around the urban cores seemed to be ignored when using SVM, which led to the underestimation of urban areas. Furthermore, quantity assessment showed that the results produced by k-NN, SVM, and RFs exhibited better agreement in larger cities and low consistency in small cities.
Using SWAT Model to Determine Runoff, Sediment Yield and Nitrate Loss in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran

The adequacy of the SWAT model in the estimation of runoff, sediment yield and nitrate loss in the Gorganrood watershed was tested, using the existing spatial database as the primary data. The model was then executed for a 31-years’ time period. In combination with the SWAT model, the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Program (SWAT-CUP and SUFI-2) was added used to calibrate and validate a hydrologic model of the watershed. The obtained values at 14 stations were between 0.48 to 0.83 for NS and 0.58 to 0.90 for R, respectively. The results showed that nitrate loss was higher in cultivated lands, and in the loess deposits. The maximum amounts of runoff and sediment yield were largely produced in steep areas of the watershed, where dry farming was practiced. In general, the results showed that SWAT could be a proper tool for simulating runoff, sediment yield and nitrate loss into the river.
Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery ( NOTES ) : innovation in HPB surgery NOTES : approach to the liver and spleen

Background Minimally invasive abdominal surgery means minimal trauma to the abdominal wall, thus reducing postoperative pain and wound complications, and facilitating earlier mobilization and shorter hospitalization in comparison with conventional surgery. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has the potential to further reduce the invasiveness of surgery in human patients. Here we report an experimental study of NOTES to access the liver and spleen, discuss its current status, and review the related literature. Methods The utility of transgastric peritoneoscopy was evaluated using one 15-kg pig and four 8-kg dogs on the basis of acute experiments. Under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, a forward-viewing, double-channel endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity through a gastric hole. Liver biopsy from the edge of the liver was performed using routine biopsy forceps. Splenectomy was performed using a laparoscopically assisted procedure, and then the spleen was pulled into the stomach using an endoscopic polypectomy snare after enlargement of the gastric orifice. The animals were then sacrificed and necropsy was performed. Results There were no complications during incision of the gastric wall and entry into the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneoscopy gave satisfactory visualization of the abdominal cavity in all directions. Liver biopsy was performed successfully without any bleeding and adequate samples were obtained in all cases. Splenectomies were also accomplished uneventfully, except for injury of the splenic parenchyma due to excessive force during pulling into the stomach. Necropsy revealed no particular damage to other intraperitoneal organs related to this transgastric procedure. Conclusion Although NOTES is a feasible procedure and offers several advantages to patients, surgeons and endoscopists need to resolve several key issues before its clinical introduction for routine surgical work and to establish a training system for NOTES in order to avoid critical complications.
Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 1, Foraminifera from Selected Samples

Note: In the work recorded here for samples from Leg 6, only the most important and biostratigraphically significant components of the faunas have been noted. No attempt has been made to give an exhaustive faunal analysis of the samples seen. The zonal determinations given for Zones P. 13 to N.23 follow largely the definitions given by Blow (1969). It should be noted that the "P" nomenclature for zones prior to Zone P. 13, i.e., Zones P.I to P. 12 inclusive do NOT follow the system published by Berggren recently in the scheme he attributed to "Blow and Berggren unpublished. " In the scheme followed in this work (and which will be published by the writer alone) the relationship of the zones to epochs is shown opposite.
Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium by Radiation Pressure-driven Dust Efflux

The presence of metals in hot cluster gas and in Lyα absorbers, as well as the mass-metallicity relation of observed galaxies, suggest that galaxies lose a significant fraction of their metals to the intergalactic medium (IGM). Theoretical studies of this process have concentrated on metal removal by dynamical processes or supernova-driven winds. Here we investigate the enrichment of the IGM by the expulsion of dust grains from galaxies by radiation pressure. We use already completed cosmological simulations to which we add dust, assuming that most dust can reach the equilibrium point between radiation pressure and gravitational forces. We find that the expulsion of dust and its subsequent (partial) destruction in the IGM can plausibly account for the observed level of C and Si enrichment of the z = 3 IGM. At low z, dust ejection and destruction could explain a substantial fraction of the metals in clusters, but it cannot account for all of the chemical species observed. Dust expelled by radiation pressure could give clusters a visual opacity of up to 0.2-0.5 mag in their central regions, even after destruction by the hot intracluster medium; this value is interestingly close to limits and claimed observations of cluster extinction. We also comment on the implications of our results for the opacity of the general IGM. Finally, we suggest a possible "hybrid" scenario in which winds expel gas and dust into galaxy halos but in which radiation pressure distributes the dust uniformly through the IGM.
**title** Asp Conference Series, Vol. **volume**, **publication Year** **editors** the Physics of Blazar Optical Emission Regions Ii: Magnetic Field Orientation, Viewing Angle and Beaming

For a sample of 51 blazars with extensive optical polarization data, we used circular statistics to calculate the scatter among the polarization position angles for each object. We found that this scatter is correlated with the radio core dominance. We compared this relationship with the predictions of a simple transverse shock model. The result suggests that blazar jets are likely to cover a wide range of speeds consistent with those derived from observations of superluminal motion.
Comparative evaluation of Murrah breeds with buffaloes of Indo-Gangetic Plains

The present study was carried out in order to investigate the population genetic parameters for the buffalo of Uttar Pradesh and its relationship/differentiation with Murrah buffalo using 25 microsatellite markers. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity was found to be 0.597 and 0.703 respectively in UP buffaloes while it was 0.631 and 0.642 respectively in Murrah buffaloes. The mean estimates of F statistics were over all loci 0.139 (FIS), 0.092 (FST) and 0.219 (FIT). The values were significantly different from zero for all the three measures and point towards the existence of population structure and moderate differentiation (9.2%) in two buffalo populations. The analysis of molecular variance revealed 9.38% of the variation attributed to among populations and 78.8% within populations. The phylogenetic and correspondence analysis revealed that individuals of the two populations formed distinct clusters. Among UP buffaloes Bhadawari breed and buffaloes of Tarai regions of Uttar Pradesh clustered into distinct groups. Bayesian analysis also revealed similar type of genetic structure. The genetic distinctness of these two buffalo populations as revealed by microsatellite analysis may have significant impact development of breeding plans and improvement of buffaloes.
The Role of Bank Capital in the Propagation of Shocks the Role of Bank Capital in the Propagation of Shocks Acknowledgements We Thank

Bank of Canada working papers are theoretical or empirical works-in-progress on subjects in economics and finance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors. No responsibility for them should be attributed to the Bank of Canada. for useful comments and discussions. We remain responsible for any errors and omissions. iii Abstract Recent events in financial markets have underlined the importance of analyzing the link between the financial health of banks and real economic activity. This paper contributes to this analysis by constructing a dynamic general equilibrium model in which the balance sheet of banks affects the propagation of shocks. We use the model to conduct quantitative experiments on the economy's response to technology and monetary policy shocks, as well as to disturbances originating within the banking sector, which we interpret as episodes of distress in financial markets. We show that, following adverse shocks, economies whose banking sectors remain well-capitalized experience smaller reductions in bank lending and less pronounced downturns. Bank capital thus increases an economy's ability to absorb shocks and, in doing so, affects the conduct of monetary policy. The model is also used to shed light on the ongoing debate over bank capital regulation.
Development and Psychometric Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs BCC-20) for Assessing Comfort during Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients

Objective: The study aims to develop and psychometric validate Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures for Assessing Comfort during Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients (PROMs BCC-20). Methods: This study was conducted in two phases: 1) items were developed from the literature review and in-depth interviews, and 2) Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and concurrent validity were performed to evaluate construct validity. The participants were cancer stage I-IIIC, adult females, performance status was assessed by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≤ 2 after receiving the second cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy and selected by purposive sampling method. For each group of EFA and CFA was 250 participants. Results: Five hundred breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy were recruited from three tertiary cancer centers. A succession of EFA using principal axis factoring with Promax rotation revealed four dimensions yielded a seven factors solution, explaining a 60.07 percent variance. CFA contains 20 items with five factors; 1) social function, four items; 2) digestive function, three items; 3) emotional function, six items; 4) environmental function, three items; and 5) sleep quality, four items via maximum likelihood with bootstrapping indicated a good fit model (SRMR = 0.045, RMSEA = 0.040, CFI = 0.947, and TLI = 0.935). The Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86 demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed acceptable criterion validity. Conclusion: The PROMS BCC-20 provides good psychometric properties and practical patients’ direct reports of comfort in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. The PROMs BCC-20 should be standardized for comfort measurement and tailor-made nursing care to provide patient satisfaction and good nursing outcomes.
Visual predators, environmental variables and zooplankton mortality risk

Plusieurs aspects du risque de mortalite du zooplancton (taille, contraste propre, diminution de la lumiere incidente et de la lumiere diffuse, profondeur, intensite de la lumiere ambiante, selectivite, sasiete du predateur) sont etudies a partir d'un modele de rencontre predateur-proie dans lequel on suppose que le predateur se nourrit a vue. Nous mettons en evidence que la pente du gradient vertical de risque decroit avec la taille du zooplancton et qu'il est 3 a 4 fois plus accuse pour les nauplii que pour les formes ayant la taille des luphausiaces. A petite echelle une distribution vesicale en taches se rencontre plutot chez les petites formes
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) History of fecal transplantation; camel feces contains limited amounts of Bacillus subtilis spores and likely has no traditional role in the treatment of dysentery

Introduction A widely cited story on the origins of fecal transplantation suggests that German soldiers in North Africa used camel feces containing Bacillus subtilis to treat dysentery in World War 2. We investigated if this story is accurate and if there is sufficient Bacillus subtilis in camel feces to be potentially therapeutic.
Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Networks Deep Learning

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Accordingly, techniques that enable efficient processing of DNNs to improve energy efficiency and throughput without sacrificing application accuracy or increasing hardware cost are critical to the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive tutorial and survey about the recent advances towards the goal of enabling efficient processing of DNNs. Specifically, it will provide an overview of DNNs, discuss various hardware platforms and architectures that support DNNs, and highlight key trends in reducing the computation cost of DNNs either solely via hardware design changes or via joint hardware design and DNN algorithm changes. It will also summarize various development resources that enable researchers and practitioners to quickly get started in this field, and highlight important benchmarking metrics and design considerations that should be used for evaluating the rapidly growing number of DNN hardware designs, optionally including algorithmic co-designs, being proposed in academia and industry. The reader will take away the following concepts from this article: understand the key design considerations for DNNs; be able to evaluate different DNN hardware implementations with benchmarks and comparison metrics; understand the trade-offs between various hardware architectures and platforms; be able to evaluate the utility of various DNN design techniques for efficient processing; and understand recent implementation trends and opportunities.
The Snow Disaster Risk Assessment of Animal Husbandry in Qinghai Province

Historical snow disaster loss data(1949-2005) in Qinghai Province was used in this paper to estimate the relationship between snow depth and death rate of livestock,the "vulnerability curve". Coupled with historical snow depth data(1986-2005),snow disaster risk of livestock was assessed and losses of different return period were derived.The results showed that:(1)The high hazard regions are located in Qilian Mountain,Tanggula Mountain,Bayan Har Mountain and Hoh Xil Mountain.Average snow depth in these areas is more than 5cm. (2) Snow risk in Qinghai is higher in southern part than that in northern part.The high risk regions are located in Yushu County,Xianqian County,Dari County and Banma County.They are key areas of snow risk prevention.Middle risk regions are mostly in southern Qinghai plateau,which accounted for 65.2% of the total animal husbandry areas.This study can provide the scientific reference to reduce losses of snow disaster and protect the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Qinghai Province.
Human Adenovirus Type 7 Outbreak in Police Training Center, Malaysia, 2011

In March 2011, an outbreak of acute respiratory disease was reported at the Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) Police Training Centre. Approximately 100 trainees were hospitalized and 5 were admitted to the intensive care unit. Three of these 5 trainees died. Human adenovirus type 7 was identified as the etiologic agent.
Bioengineering the Lung : Molecules , Materials , Matrix , Morphology , and Mechanics Revascularization of decellularized lung scaffolds : principles and progress

Collin T. Stabler, Shimon Lecht, Mark J. Mondrinos, Ernesto Goulart, Philip Lazarovici, and Peter I. Lelkes Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel