Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of False Negative Rates among Breast Cancer Screening Modalities with or without Mammography: Miyagi Trial

False negative rates were compared in two screening modalities, physical examination with or without mammography, in an intervention study for women aged over 50 in Miyagi Prefecture. Thirty‐five breast cancers were detected in 12,515 subjects who participated in the trial consisting of physical examination and mammography, whereas 44 breast cancers were detected in 50,105 subjects who received physical examination alone, so that the detection rates were 0.28% and 0.09%, respectively. Among 50,061 subjects who received physical examination alone, 8 women were diagnosed as having breast cancer within 12 months after the screening, while only one of 12,480 screenees receiving the combined modality was so diagnosed, implying false negative rates of 15.4% and 2.8%, respectively. When the screening sensitivity in the combined system was analyzed according to each single modality, the false negative rate provided by physical examination with mammography turned out to be 2.8%, significantly lower than that (33.3%) by the physical examination alone. Minimal breast cancers represented 25.7% of all screen‐detected cancers in the combined modality, compared with 9.1% in the modality without mammography. The trial thus indicates that physical examination combined with mammography may be an appropriate modality for breast cancer screening in women aged over 50 on the basis of screening sensitivity.
A Method for Object Tracking using Shape Matching

Using shape-initialized deformable template, a new method for object tracking is presented. This method consists of two steps: 1) searching step, by background predicting, moving object is segmented, then detecting the edge, thinning edge, and select landmark points to construct a shape model which contains all the feature points of the shape; 2) tracking step, using prior shape model which is extracted from the previous frames to implement the coarse location of object by shape matching, then adjusting shape model to obtain the inter-frame change of the object by adopting active contour model, to achieve accurate location and generate a updating shape model for object detection in next frame. The results of experiments demonstrate that the mentioned algorithm has strong adaptability to deformation, pose change, lighting change, and occlusion
Remembering as doing

Abstract Koriat & Goldsmith are right in their claim that the “ecological” and “traditional” approaches to memory rely on different metaphors. But the underlying ecological metaphor is not correspondence (which in any case is not a metaphorical notion): it is action. Remembering is a kind of doing; like most other forms of action it is purposive, personal, and particular.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals metabolic switches and surface remodeling as key processes for stage transition in Trypanosoma cruzi

American trypanosomiasis is a chronic and endemic disease which affects millions of people. Trypanosoma cruzi, its causative agent, has a life cycle that involves complex morphological and functional transitions, as well as a variety of environmental conditions. This requires a tight regulation of gene expression, which is achieved mainly by post-transcriptional regulation. In this work we conducted an RNAseq analysis of the three major life cycle stages of T. cruzi: amastigotes, epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. This analysis allowed us to delineate specific transcriptomic profiling for each stage, and also to identify those biological processes of major relevance in each state. Stage specific expression profiling evidenced the plasticity of T. cruzi to adapt quickly to different conditions, with particular focus on membrane remodeling and metabolic shifts along the life cycle. Epimastigotes, which replicate in the gut of insect vectors, showed higher expression of genes related to energy metabolism, mainly Krebs cycle, respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation related genes, and anabolism related genes associated to nucleotide and steroid biosynthesis; also, a general down-regulation of surface glycoprotein coding genes was seen at this stage. Trypomastigotes, living extracellularly in the bloodstream of mammals, express a plethora of surface proteins and signaling genes involved in invasion and evasion of immune response. Amastigotes mostly express membrane transporters and genes involved in regulation of cell cycle, and also express a specific subset of surface glycoprotein coding genes. In addition, these results allowed us to improve the annotation of the Dm28c genome, identifying new ORFs and set the stage for construction of networks of co-expression, which can give clues about coded proteins of unknown functions.
An Empirical Study on the Relationship between the Followers' Number and Influence of Microblogging

With the emergence of microbloggling in China, how to expand enterprise influence by microblogging marketing has been becoming a hot topic. According to AISAS theory (Attention, Interest, Search, Action, Share), this paper establishes an AR(1) model (first-order auto-regressive model) describing the relationship between the followers’ number and influence of microblogging. With data acquired from the first typical enterprise marketing case on Sina Microblog, this paper verifies the rationality of the AR(1) model by empirical analysis. Baesd on the obtained results, this paper makes reasonable proposals for improving enterprise influence through microblogging marketing.
Projected Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on the Global Diversity of Birds

Over the past few decades, land-use and climate change have led to substantial range contractions and species extinctions. Even more dramatic changes to global land cover are projected for this century. We used the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios to evaluate the exposure of all 8,750 land bird species to projected land-cover changes due to climate and land-use change. For this first baseline assessment, we assumed stationary geographic ranges that may overestimate actual losses in geographic range. Even under environmentally benign scenarios, at least 400 species are projected to suffer >50% range reductions by the year 2050 (over 900 by the year 2100). Although expected climate change effects at high latitudes are significant, species most at risk are predominantly narrow-ranged and endemic to the tropics, where projected range contractions are driven by anthropogenic land conversions. Most of these species are currently not recognized as imperiled. The causes, magnitude and geographic patterns of potential range loss vary across socioeconomic scenarios, but all scenarios (even the most environmentally benign ones) result in large declines of many species. Whereas climate change will severely affect biodiversity, in the near future, land-use change in tropical countries may lead to yet greater species loss. A vastly expanded reserve network in the tropics, coupled with more ambitious goals to reduce climate change, will be needed to minimize global extinctions.
Asymptotics of Some Convolutional Recurrences

We study the asymptotic behavior of the terms in sequences satisfying recurrences of the form $a_n = a_{n-1} + \sum_{k=d}^{n-d} f(n,k) a_k a_{n-k}$ where, very roughly speaking, $f(n,k)$ behaves like a product of reciprocals of binomial coefficients. Some examples of such sequences from map enumerations, Airy constants, and Painleve I equations are discussed in detail.
The Effect of Structural and Performance Factors in the Perception of Anacruses

WHEN A MELODY BEGINS WITH AN ANACRUSIS, (i.e.,"pick up" notes), rhythm and meter are out of phase. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the interactions between structural (rhythm and pitch) and performance (articulation and tempo) factors on the perception of anacruses. The independent variables were rhythmic figure, initial melodic direction, initial melodic interval, implied harmony, articulation, and tempo. Participants tapped "every other beat" to melodies composed for each experiment; the phase-alignment of taps with the stimulus was the dependent measure of anacrustic vs. non-anacrustic perception. Experiment 1 found a strong main effect for rhythmic figure and an interaction between rhythmic figure and tempo. Experiment 2 showed that as tempo increased there was a systematic shift toward anacrustic perception of some melodies. Experiment 3 found that in a rhythmically impoverished context, pitch-based structural factors had only a weak effect on the perception of anacrusis.
Depot‐specific differences in perilipin mRNA but not protein expression in obesity

Background. Perilipin (PLIN) is a lipid droplet‐associated protein, which regulates lipolysis in rodent adipocytes by modulating the access of hormone‐sensitive lipase to the lipid surface. Little is known regarding the expression and function of PLIN in man. Subcutaneous (s.c.) and omental fat tissue display marked differences in both basal and stimulated lipolysis.
Characteristics of patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the United States.

BACKGROUND Treatment of hypertension is one of the most common clinical responsibilities of U.S. physicians, yet only one fourth of patients with hypertension have their blood pressure adequately controlled. METHODS We analyzed data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess the role of access to and use of health care in the control of hypertension. We assessed demographic characteristics, clinical data, health insurance status, and awareness and treatment of hypertension in subjects with hypertension (defined as a blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg or the use of antihypertensive medication) and subjects without hypertension. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 16,095 adults who were at least 25 years old and for whom blood-pressure values were known. We estimated that 27 percent of the population had hypertension, but only 23 percent of those with hypertension were taking medications that controlled their condition. Among subjects with untreated or uncontrolled hypertension, the pattern was an elevation in the systolic blood pressure with a diastolic pressure of less than 90 mm Hg. The great majority had health insurance. Independent predictors of a lack of awareness of hypertension were an age of at least 65 years, male sex, non-Hispanic black race, and not having visited a physician within the preceding 12 months. The same variables, except for non-Hispanic black race, were independently associated with poor control of hypertension among those who were aware of their condition. An age of at least 65 years accounted for the greatest proportion of the attributable risk of the lack of awareness of hypertension and the lack of control of hypertension among those who were aware of their condition. CONCLUSIONS Most cases of uncontrolled hypertension in the United States consist of isolated, mild systolic hypertension in older adults, most of whom have access to health care and relatively frequent contact with physicians.
A tradeoff analysis of delayed reconstruction for storage clusters

Considering a large part of node failures in a storage clusters cannot actually destroy data in disks and even some failed nodes can soon recover, a policy that deferring a reconstruction until recover during a certain time after a node failure can lessen unnecessary data rebuilding process is absolutely possible and favorable, but it also undoubtedly introduces a certain risk of data loss. In this paper, according to differences in the way setting delay time, we mainly present two algorithms of delaying reconstruction: static and dynamic. A qualitative approach is proposed to analyze the reliability, risk and benefit of these two methods. Numerical results show that under a certain distribution function of repair time for failed nodes, the static method exists an optimal delay time to leverage the risk and benefit. Moreover, the dynamic method has better risk control than static, but its cost is to increase the possibility of launching reconstruction.
Interaction Among Self-Efficacy, Goal Orientation, and Unrealistic Goal-Setting on Videogame-Based Training Performance

This study sought to investigate what happens to trainee performance when an individual sets an unrealistically difficult performance goal early in training, which results in a large goal-performance discrepancy. Data from 185 trainees participating in a videogame-based training environment demonstrated that a single large discrepancy negatively impacts immediate subsequent training performance. Moreover, performance avoid goal orientation and self-efficacy were found to jointly moderate the impact of the discrepancy for both trainees' immediate subsequent performance and their rate of performance improvement across the training program. These findings highlight the importance of realistic goal-setting and trainee self-efficacy for optimizing videogame-based training success.
Reduced Chromosome Cohesion Measured by Interkinetochore Distance Is Associated with Aneuploidy Even in Oocytes from Young Mice1

ABSTRACT It is becoming clear that reduced chromosome cohesion is an important factor in the rise of maternal age-related aneuploidy. This reduction in cohesion has been observed both in human and mouse oocytes, and it can be measured directly by an increase with respect to maternal age in interkinetochore (iKT) distance between a sister chromatid pair. We have observed variations in iKT distance even in oocytes from young mice and wondered if such differences may predispose those oocytes displaying the greatest iKT distances to be becoming aneuploid. Therefore, we used two methods, one pharmacological (Aurora kinase inhibitor) and one genetic (Fzr1 knockout), to raise aneuploidy rates in oocytes from young mice (age, 1–3 mo) and to examine if those oocytes that were aneuploid had greater iKT distances. We observed that for both Aurora kinase inhibition and Fzr1 knockout, iKT distances were significantly greater in those oocytes that became aneuploid compared to those that remained euploid. Based on these results, we propose that individual oocytes undergo loss in chromosomal cohesion at different rates and that the greater this loss, the greater the risk for becoming aneuploid.
Inferring gender from name phonology.

English male and female names have different phonological properties. This article examines 3 questions about this phenomenon: How informative is phonology about gender? Have English speakers learned this information? Does this knowledge affect name usage? Results from a connectionist model indicate that English phonology predicts name gender quite well. Experiments found that English speakers have learned these cues. For example, names were classified as male or female more quickly and accurately when they had phonologically typical properties. Further studies demonstrated that the evolution of names in this century was affected by how male or female they sounded and that knowledge of phonological cues to gender influences the perception and structure of brand names. Implications for stereotyping, individual differences, and language research are discussed.
Online Traffic Engineering Using A Hybrid IGP + MPLS Routing Approach

The dualism of IGP and MPLS routing has raised a debate separating the IP community into divergent groups expressing different opinions concerning how the future Internet will be engineered. This paper presents an on-line traffic engineering model which uses a hybrid IGP+MPLS routing approach to achieve efficient routing of flows in IP networks. The approach referred to as Hybrid assumes a network-design process where an optimal network configuration is built around optimality, reliability and simplicity. Hybrid uses a route optimization approach where an IP flow is routed along a path so that (1) the interference among the flows (which quantifies the network reliability) is minimized to re-route fewer flows under link failure and (2) the congestion distance (which quantifies the network optimality) is maximized to reject fewer flows under congestion. Hybrid implements a path selection model where flows are classified at the ingress of the network and handled differently in the core where low bandwidth demanding flows are routed using the OSPF model while high bandwidth flows are carried over MPLS tunnels. The IGP+MPLS routing approach is applied to compute paths for the traffic offered to a 50node network. Simulation reveals performance improvements compared to both IGP and MPLS routing in terms of several performance parameters including routing optimality, network reliability and network simplicity.
Survey of Current Practices: Peripheral Nerve Block Utilization by ED Physicians for Treatment of Pain in the Hip Fracture Patient Population

Background In 2010–11 approximately 968 hip fracture patients presented to emergency departments in the Greater Toronto Local Health Integration Network (GTA-LHIN). Optimal pain management is a frequently overlooked aspect of hip fracture patient care, which may contribute to patient outcomes. Although recommendations have been published, there is currently not a standardized approach to the analgesic management of pain in the hip fracture patient. Nerve blocks, including the fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB), are more effective than traditional opioid analgesics in reducing pain after hip fracture. Research suggests that analgesia via nerve blockade is best initiated early, upon arrival to the emergency department. Emergency physicians are trained in ultrasound, and do utilize regional anaesthesia; however, the frequency of block utilization and techniques used for block insertion are unknown. We sought to undertake the first survey of Emergency Department (ED) staff and resident physicians across the GTA-LHIN, looking at the current ED practice of nerve block analgesia in hip fracture patients. Purpose The primary aim was to determine the prevalence and range of techniques utilized. The secondary aims were to determine the extent of training in nerve block insertion techniques, to gauge opinion on the most important objectives for future training courses, and to seek an understanding of the barriers to establishing a standardized approach for nerve block utilization in hip fracture patients. Conclusions This data will be used to develop a multidisciplinary training program specifically for use by ED physicians. ED physicians and anesthesiologists will collaborate to standardize nerve block insertion techniques and develop an optimal analgesic management plan of hip fracture patients at Sunnybrook Hospital.
The Acoustic Parameters of Polish Voiceless Fricatives: An Analysis of Variance

Abstract Averaged spectra of the Polish voiceless fricatives are described in terms of three central moments, and the variables are analysed using both univariate and multivariate analysis of variance. The vowel context effect is strong, but that of the (male) speaker is not. /∫/ is not distinct from /ҩ/ in this experiment, but this failure should not be a handicap in automatic speech recognition.
Conceptualising the opening phase of regional development as the enactment of a ‘collective identity’

This paper argues that processes of regional development have to be conceptualised in a novel way. The dominant approach displays a bias towards a macro-perspective, often reproduces a centre — periphery model, and favours an economism that aims at the production of instruments for policy makers and academics alike, both enjoying the convenience of (bureaucratic and analytical) distance. Instead we propose a constructionist approach. This is developed through a critical discussion of the received view, and builds upon the central concepts of ‘enacted collective identity’, ‘articulation/translation’, and an upgrading of the importance of time in the sense of timing. We limit this study, which includes two empirical cases, to the ‘opening phase’ of a regional development process. We identify a new role for the researcher in articulating the need for and opportunities of a regional development, and we stress a more decentralised form of public support.
A hydrogen-bonding network plays a catalytic role in photosynthetic oxygen evolution

In photosystem II, oxygen evolution occurs by the accumulation of photo-induced oxidizing equivalents at the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The sequentially oxidized states are called the S0-S4 states, and the dark stable state is S1. Hydrogen bonds to water form a network around the OEC; this network is predicted to involve multiple peptide carbonyl groups. In this work, we tested the idea that a network of hydrogen bonded water molecules plays a catalytic role in water oxidation. As probes, we used OEC peptide carbonyl frequencies, the substrate-based inhibitor, ammonia, and the sugar, trehalose. Reaction-induced FT-IR spectroscopy was used to describe the protein dynamics associated with the S1 to S2 transition. A shift in an amide CO vibrational frequency (1664 (S1) to 1653 (S2) cm-1) was observed, consistent with an increase in hydrogen bond strength when the OEC is oxidized. Treatment with ammonia/ammonium altered these CO vibrational frequencies. The ammonia-induced spectral changes are attributed to alterations in hydrogen bonding, when ammonia/ammonium is incorporated into the OEC hydrogen bond network. The ammonia-induced changes in CO frequency were reversed or blocked when trehalose was substituted for sucrose. This trehalose effect is attributed to a displacement of ammonia molecules from the hydrogen bond network. These results imply that ammonia, and by extension water, participate in a catalytically essential hydrogen bond network, which involves OEC peptide CO groups. Comparison to the ammonia transporter, AmtB, reveals structural similarities with the bound water network in the OEC.
3DUI 2010 Contest Grand Prize Winners

The 2010 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces ran the symposium's first 3DUI Grand Prize, a contest for innovative, practical solutions to classic 3DUI problems. The authors describe the rationale for the first contest and give an analysis of all submissions. Each category's winners also discuss their solutions.
An exploration of gendered systems theory on women-owned businesses in emerging tourism destinations: future directions

The impacts of tourism on host communities are numerous, complex, and at times nuanced. As a result, tourism researchers have placed heavy emphasis on the exploration and identification of these impacts, including how the community responds. Some of the more understated impacts, such as the role of women in tourism development, can be more difficult to understand. This is especially the case in emerging destinations, where communities in the primary stages of tourism development are beginning to consider the costs and benefits to their culture, social structure, and economy. This article uses ecological systems theory as a framework to examine existing literature related to resident attitudes toward the social impacts of women-owned businesses in tourism. Results from this examination determined the need for future, theory-based research regarding socio-cultural impacts, and more specifically, the impact of tourism on changing social roles and the role of women in emerging destinations.