Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age Differences in Stressors, Coping Resources, and General Well-Being Among Korean Immigrants

ABSTRACT This study explored 346 Korean immigrants living in California to examine: a) differences in stressors, coping resources, and general well-being (anxiety, depression, positive well-being, self-control, vitality, and general health) between younger (18–64 years old) and older (65–96 years old) Korean immigrants; and b) differences in associations of stressors and coping resources with general well-being in the 2 groups. Results revealed that the older immigrants experienced higher levels of socioeconomic stressors and psychological/physical problems. In addition, English-language problems, low education, and financial difficulties were more consistently associated with lower levels of general well-being in the older immigrants than in the younger immigrants. Social support, religious practice, and spiritual coping were more likely to alleviate the detrimental consequences of stressors on general well-being in the older immigrants than in the younger immigrants. To improve the general well-being of older Korean immigrants, the results suggest: a) emphasis of social and health care services with bilingual capability; b) improved social support systems; and c) utilization of spiritual assessments and interventions. Future research should extend the current study with longitudinal data of a more generalizable sample of Korean immigrants.
mRNA in situ hybridization of TIGR/MYOC in human trabecular meshwork.

PURPOSE To determine the distribution of mRNA expression of the trabecular meshwork-induced glucocorticoid response protein/myocilin (TIGR/MYOC) in human trabecular meshwork. METHODS In situ hybridization using a 1.25-kb probe obtained from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of TIGR/MYOC cDNA was performed to determine the location of cell labeling within the different regions of the meshwork. The effect of dexamethasone on the pattern of labeling was studied in organ cultured meshwork. Trabecular meshwork from three sources was studied: enucleated eyes obtained at autopsy, trabeculectomy specimens obtained during filtration surgery, and meshworks from anterior segments in perfusion organ culture. Hybridization was performed on frozen sections, paraffin sections, and sections from JB-4 plastic-embedded tissue. RESULTS Labeling for TIGR/MYOC mRNA was present in most trabecular cells of the uveal, corneoscleral, and juxtacanalicular regions but only variably present in the endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal. A similar pattern was found in the trabeculectomy specimens from eyes with primary open-angle or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Dexamethasone treatment increased the labeling intensity and number of labeled cells in meshwork, and also the number of labeled endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal. Fresh tissue processed within 12 hours postmortem gave more consistent labeling than older tissue, although some label was found up to 48 hours postmortem. Labeling was found in tissue from all three sources, and with all three embedding techniques; JB-4 sections provided the best morphologic resolution. CONCLUSIONS In situ hybridization reveals that mRNA expression for TIGR/MYOC is present in most cells in all regions of the meshwork but only variably present in the endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal. Dexamethasone treatment increased the number and intensity of labeled cells, and also increased the number of labeled cells in the endothelial lining of Schlemm's canal.
Predicting system collapse: Two theoretical models

Making precise predictions about the future behavior of a system such as a country's economy, a firm or a lake, or about the population of some species of animal has always been a challenge. While prediction methods and modeling procedures have been developed and used over the past decades, the high degree of uncertainty and complexity that underlie some systems makes it difficult, and in some cases impossible to exactly predict the next states of the system. The purpose of this paper is to present two approaches for identifying potential system Collapse. The first approach is inclination analysis, which examines the state of a system over several windows of time in an effort to predict the final inclination. The second one is based on Support Vector Machines and Kernel methods. Various applications of these approaches as well as their advantages and limitations are also discussed.
Central Nervous System Drug Evaluation Using Positron Emission Tomography

In conventional pharmacological research in the field of mental disorders, pharmacological effect and dose have been estimated by ethological approach and in vitro data of affinity to the site of action. In addition, the frequency of administration has been estimated from drug kinetics in blood. However, there is a problem regarding an objective index of drug effects in the living body. Furthermore, the possibility that the concentration of drug in blood does not necessarily reflect the drug kinetics in target organs has been pointed out. Positron emission tomography (PET) techniques have made progress for more than 20 years, and made it possible to measure the distribution and kinetics of small molecule components in living brain. In this article, we focused on rational drug dosing using receptor occupancy and proof-of-concept of drugs in the drug development process using PET.
Formant transitions in normal and disordered speech: An acoustic measure of articulatory dynamics

This paper presents a method for numerically specifying the shape and speed of formant trajectories. Our aim is to apply it to groups of normal and dysarthric speakers and to use it to make comparative inferences about the temporal organization of articulatory processes. To illustrate some of the issues it raises we here present a detailed analysis of speech samples from a single normal talker. The procedure consists in fitting damped exponentials to transitions traced from spectrograms and determining their time constants. Our first results indicate a limited range for F2 and F3 time constants. Numbers for F1 are more variable and indicate rapid changes near the VC and CV boundaries. For the type of speech materials considered, time constants were found to be independent of speaking rate. Two factors are highlighted as possible determinants of the patterning of the data: the non-linear mapping from articulation to acoustics and the biomechanical response characteristics of individual articulators. When applied to V-stop-V citation forms the method gives an accurate description of the acoustic facts and offers a feasible way of supplementing and refining measurements of extent, duration and average rate of formant frequency change.
A Conceptual Approach to Existential Verbs in Japanese: The Case of Aru versus Iru

This paper presents an alternative analysis of the two Japanese existential verbs: aru and iru. By appealing to the notion of conceptualisation that pervades the cognitive linguistic literature, I demonstrate that the two verbs pattern as motion verbs, and not simply as verbs of existence and/or location. Throughout the paper, I demonstrate that the traditional opposition of inanimacy versus animacy, said to determine the use of aru versus iru, respectively, is not a reliable predictor. Instead, contextual and cognitive factors such as perceived movement/displacement potential of the sentential subject, actual expectation of movement and the relative immediacy of potential displacement, both literally and metaphorically, will be shown to be more at play than the simple dichotomy of inanimacy versus animacy. The data include acceptability judgements by native speakers of Japanese on a 20-item questionnaire. Participants' line item responses and open-ended comments reflect a consistent tendency to draw upon traditional grammatical ‘rules’ which explicitly place the animacy/inanimacy of the sentential subjects as the primary (if not the sole) distinguishing feature. However, as will be shown, participants also exhibit a clear orientation to the concept of motion as a key element in their selection of one form over other possible competing forms.
Mosquito odorant receptor for DEET and methyl jasmonate

Significance DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) has intrigued medical entomologists, neurobiologists, insect physiologists, and chemical ecologists for decades, and hitherto it was not known how and why it works. We have discovered an odorant receptor in the southern house mosquito, which is essential for repellency, thus unravelling how DEET works. Additionally, we have identified a link between this synthetic repellent and methyl jasmonate, thus suggesting that DEET might work by mimicking defensive compound(s) from plants. The discovery of a molecular target may pave the way for the development of better and more affordable insect repellents. Insect repellents are important prophylactic tools for travelers and populations living in endemic areas of malaria, dengue, encephalitis, and other vector-borne diseases. DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) is a 6-decade-old synthetic repellent, which is still considered the gold standard of mosquito repellents. Mosquitoes use their sense of smell to detect DEET, but there are currently two hypotheses regarding its mode of action: activation of ionotropic receptor IR40a vs. odorant receptor(s). Here, we demonstrate that DEET, picaridin, insect repellent 3535, and p-menthan-3,8-diol activate the odorant receptor CquiOR136 of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Electrophysiological and behavioral assays showed that CquiIR40a knockdown had no significant effect on DEET detection and repellency. By contrast, reduction of CquiOR136 transcript levels led to a significant decrease in electroantennographic responses to DEET and a complete lack of repellency. Thus, direct activation of an odorant receptor, not an ionotropic receptor, is necessary for DEET reception and repellency in Culex mosquitoes. Interestingly, methyl jasmonate, a repellent derived from the nonvolatile jasmonic acid in the signaling pathway of plant defenses, elicited robust responses in CquiOR136•CquiOrco-expressing Xenopus oocytes, thus suggesting a possible link between natural products with long insect–plant evolutionary history and synthetic repellents.
A high linearity chireix outphasing power amplifier using composite right/left-handed transmission lines

A high linearity Chireix outphasing power amplifier using composite right/left-handed transmission lines (CRLH-TL) is proposed at 2.4 GHz. The 180deg hybrid power combiner including CRLH-TL is designed to suppress the second and third harmonics. The output matching circuit is optimized for suppressing the second and third harmonics. The output power at the fundamental frequency shows 32.1 dBm, whereas the second harmonic shows -19.5 dBm and the 3rd harmonic -22.3 dBm as simulation results with 20 dBm input power excited. The class-E amplifiers are utilized for maintaining high efficiency for this work.
Computer assisted navigation in total knee and hip arthroplasty

Introduction: Computer assisted surgery was pioneered in early 1990s. The first computer assisted surgery (CAS) total knee replacement with an imageless system was carried out in 1997. In the past 25 years, CAS has progressed from experimental in vitro studies to established in vivo surgical procedures. Methods: A comprehensive body of evidence establishing the advantages of computer assisted surgery in knee and hip arthroplasty is available. Established benefits have been demonstrated including its role as an excellent research tool. Its advantages include dynamic pre-operative and per-operative assessment, increased accuracy in correction of deformities, kinematics and mechanical axis, a better alignment of components, better survival rates of prostheses and a better functional outcome. Adoption of computer navigation in the hip arthroplasty is still at an early stage compared to knee arthroplasty, though the results are well documented. Evidence suggests improved accuracy in acetabular orientation, positioning, hip offset and leg length correction. Results: Among the orthopaedic surgeons, navigated knee arthroplasty is gaining popularity though slowly. The uptake rates vary from country to country. The Australian joint registry data shows increased navigated knee arthroplasty from 2.4% in 2003 to 28.6% in 2015 and decreased revision rates with navigated knee arthroplasty in comparison with traditional instrumented knee arthroplasty in patient cohort under the age of 55 years. Conclusion: Any new technology has a learning curve and with practice the navigation assisted knee and hip arthroplasty becomes easy. We have actively followed the evidence of CAS in orthopaedics and have successfully adopted it in our routine practice over the last decades. Despite the cautious inertia of orthopaedic surgeons to embrace CAS more readily; we are certain that computer technology has a pivotal role in lower limb arthroplasty. It will evolve to become a standard practice in the future in various forms like navigation or robotics.
Sources of weaning advice, comparisons between formal and informal advice, and associations with weaning timing in a survey of UK first-time mothers

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to explore knowledge of the UK weaning guidelines and the sources of weaning advice used by UK first-time mothers. Design An online survey of UK parents; analysed using mixed methods. Setting Participants were recruited from a selection of parenting websites that hosted a link to the survey. Subjects In total, 1348 UK first-time mothers were included in the analysis. Results Knowledge of the guidelines was high (86 %) and associated with later weaning (P < 0·001), although 43 % of this sample weaned before 24 weeks. The majority of parents used multiple sources of information, the most influential being the health visitor (26 %), the Internet (25 %) and books (18 %). Fifty-six per cent said they received conflicting advice. Younger mothers and those of lower educational attainment were more likely to be influenced by advice from family, which was likely to be to wean earlier. Furthermore, those most influenced by their mother/grandmother were less likely to have accurate knowledge of the guidelines. In this population the Internet was used for weaning advice across all sociodemographic groups and was associated with a later weaning age, independently of sociodemographic factors (P < 0·001). Data from responses to a free-text question are used in illustration. Conclusions The study suggests that first-time mothers have a good understanding of the weaning guidelines but seek weaning information from multiple sources, much of which is conflicting. Informal sources of weaning advice appear most influential in younger mothers and those of lower educational attainment, and result in earlier weaning.
ILST Control Algorithm of Single-Stage Dual Purpose Grid Connected Solar PV System

This paper presents a single-stage, three-phase grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The proposed system is dual purpose, as it not only feeds extracted solar energy into the grid but it also helps in improving power quality in the distribution system. The presented system serves the purpose of maximum power point tracking (MPPT), feeding SPV energy to the grid, harmonics mitigation of loads connected at point of common coupling (PCC) and balancing the grid currents. The SPV system uses a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) for performing all these functions. An improved linear sinusoidal tracer (ILST)-based control algorithm is proposed for control of VSC. In the proposed system, a variable dc link voltage is used for MPPT. An instantaneous compensation technique is used incorporating changes in PV power for fast dynamic response. The SPV system is first simulated in MATLAB along with Simulink and sim-power system toolboxes, and simulated results are verified experimentally. The proposed SPV system and its control algorithm are implemented in a three-phase distribution system for power quality improvement and improved utilization of VSC. The total harmonics distortions (THDs) of grid currents and PCC voltages are observed within IEEE-929 and IEEE-519 standards.
Affective Trust in Chinese Leaders

Adopting the theoretical framework of social exchange, the authors used the two dominant Confucian values—hierarchy and relationalism—to theorize the mediating role of affective trust in the relationship between paternalistic leadership and employee in-role and extra-role performance in the Chinese organizational context. Data from 601 supervisor–subordinate dyads of 27 companies in a Taiwanese conglomerate revealed that while the benevolence and morality dimensions of paternalistic leadership are positively associated with both in-role and extra-role performance, the authoritarian paternalistic leadership dimension is negatively related to subordinate performance. Furthermore, affective trust mediated the relationship between benevolent and moral paternalistic leadership and employee performance but did not mediate the relationship between authoritarianism and employee performance. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the Chinese context and beyond.
EXTINCTION MAP OF THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD BASED ON THE SIRIUS AND 6X 2MASS POINT SOURCE CATALOGS

In this paper, we present the first extinction map of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) constructed using the color excess at near-infrared wavelengths. Using a new technique named “X percentile method”, which we developed recently to measure the color excess of dark clouds embedded within a star distribution, we have derived an E(J − H) map based on the SIRIUS and 6X Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) star catalogs. Several dark clouds are detected in the map derived from the SIRIUS star catalog, which is deeper than the 6X 2MASS catalog. We have compared the E(J − H) map with a model calculation in order to infer the locations of the clouds along the line of sight, and found that many of them are likely to be located in or elongated toward the far side of the SMC. Most of the dark clouds found in the E(J − H) map have counterparts in the CO clouds detected by Mizuno et al. with the NANTEN telescope. A comparison of the E(J − H) map with the virial mass derived from the CO data indicates that the dust-to-gas ratio in the SMC varies in the range AV/NH = 1–2 × 10−22 mag H-1 cm2 with a mean value of ∼1.5 × 10−22 mag H-1 cm2. If the virial mass underestimates the true cloud mass by a factor of ∼2, as recently suggested by Bot et al., the mean value would decrease to ∼8×10−23 mag H-1 cm2, in good agreement with the value reported by Gordon et al., 7.59 × 10−23mag H-1 cm2.
Cognitive Resemblance and Citation Relations in Chemical Engineering Publications.

In this study we have measured word‐profile similarities between citing and cited publications, as well as between publications citing specific highly cited papers. This “cognitive resemblance” was operationalized by different similarity measures using various kinds of terms and classification types. This study focuses on publications of internationally recognized chemical engineering scientists for the year 1982 as “source” publications, and subsequent publications (of other scientists) citing to these pubications. This study empirically shows that publications with a citation relationship are significantly more content‐related than other publications. It also shows that highly cited documents are mainly cited within their own research area. Thus, at least in chemical engineering, publications sharing citations to the same highly cited article, represent work of the same subject‐matter research area. This is certainly not caused by the “narrowness” of the field, as we also show that there is a clear distribution of publications over many (sub)fields so that chemical engineering can be characterized as a broad, interdisciplinary research field. A weak relationship between word‐profiles and type of classification was found, and this relationship differs between various types of classification. Mapping based on correspondence analysis clearly visualizes content‐related groups of citing and cited publications. Our findings are contrary to the results of some earlier studies and to opinions in circles of sociologists of science that authors refer to publications in a rather arbitrary way mainly for adornment of their claims. These differences can be explained simply with statistical arguments. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Context aware query classification using dynamic query window and relationship net

The context of the user queries, preceding a given query, is utilized to improve the effectiveness of query classification. Earlier efforts utilize fixed number of preceding queries to derive such context information. We propose and evaluate an approach (DQW) that identifies a set of unambiguous preceding queries in a dynamically determined window to utilize in classifying an ambiguous query. Furthermore, utilizing a relationship-net (R-net) that represents relationships among known categories, we improve the classification effectiveness for those ambiguous queries whose predicted category in this relationship-net is related to the category of a query within the window. Our results indicate that the hybrid approach (DQW+R-net) statistically significantly improves the Conditional Random Field (CRF) query classification approach when static query windowing and hierarchical taxonomy are used (SQW+Tax), in terms of precision (10.8%), recall (13.2%), and F1 measure (11.9%).
Hairpin branes and D-branes behind the horizon

We study Lorentzian D-particles in linear dilaton and the two dimensional black hole backgrounds. The D-particle trajectory follows an accelerated trajectory which is smeared by stringy corrections. For the black hole background we find that the portion of the trajectory behind the horizon appears to an asymptotic observer as ghost D-particle. This suggests a way of constructing a matrix model for the Lorentzian black hole background.
The Audience Funnel: Observations of Gesture Based Interaction With Multiple Large Displays in a City Center

Data are presented from observations of Magical Mirrors, a set of four large public displays with gesture-based interaction installed in downtown Berlin, Germany. The displays show a mirror image of the environment in front of them and react with optical effects to the gestures of the audience. Observations of audience behavior revealed recurring behavioral patterns, like glancing at a first display while passing it, moving the arms to cause some effects, then directly approaching one of the following displays and positioning oneself in the center of the display. This was often followed by positioning oneself in the center of the other displays to explore the possibilities of the different effects, and sometimes by taking photographs or videos. From these observations a framework of interaction with gesture-based public display systems was deduced. It describes the phases of passing by a display, viewing & reacting, subtle interaction, direct interaction, multiple interactions, and follow-up actions. Quantitative data of these behavioral phases was collected by observing 660 passers-by on 2 weekend evenings. This article shows how many passers-by pass the thresholds between these phases. This “Audience Funnel” should provide a framework to encourage systematic investigation of public display systems and enable comparability between different studies.