Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micro hot embossing of thermoplastic polymers: a review

Micro hot embossing of thermoplastic polymers is a promising process to fabricate high precision and high quality features in micro/nano scale. This technology has experienced more than 40 years development and has been partially applied in industrial production. Three modes of micro hot embossing including plate-to-plate, roll-to-plate and roll-to-roll have been successively developed to meet the increasing demand for large-area patterned polymeric films. This review surveys recent progress of micro hot embossing in terms of polymeric material behavior, embossing process and corresponding apparatus. Besides, challenges and innovations in mold fabrication techniques are comprehensively summarized and industrial applications are systematically cataloged as well. Finally, technical challenges and future trends are presented for micro hot embossing of thermoplastic polymers.
Hypnotizability and temporal dynamics of attention: a study on the Attentional Blink effect

This study was designed to seek hypnotizability-related differences in attention temporal dynamics. For this purpose, an iconic version of the Attentional Blink Task (AB) was performed on 18 highly (Highs, score 9–12, SHSS form C) and 18 low susceptible individuals (Lows, score 0–3). The procedure consisted of two tasks in which two animal shapes (a coloured animal, Target, and a black butterfly, Probe) appeared in close temporal proximity within a rapid stream of distractors (black animals). In the Single task only Probe detection was required; in the Conditional task, Target identification was also requested. In this case, competition between Target and Probe for limited attentional resources decreases Probe visibility as a function of the time lag from Target (AB effect). A similar AB effect occurred in the two groups; nonetheless, Probe detection scores at the shorter lags were frequently higher in Highs than in Lows. This suggests that time constraints could affect the performance of Highs less than Lows, but also that the two groups could differ in attention capturing mechanisms, i.e. automatic capture by colour at the shorter lag. Moreover, Highs scores on Target identification were lower than Lows' ones indicating an impairment of Highs when engaged in dual tasks.
A 60–90GHz stagger-tuned low-noise amplifier with 1.2dBm OP1dB in 65nm CMOS

This paper presents a 60–90 GHz wide-bandwidth low noise amplifier (LNA) implemented in a 65nm CMOS low power process with ft of 160GHz. The LNA which is composed of three common source (CS) amplifier stages with inductive source degenerated first stage achieves a wideband response through stagger tuning of the poles of the amplifier stages. The CS topology is chosen for low power consumption and the first stage is source degenerated to improve the linearity and noise figure while still maintaining a moderate gain. Measured results show a maximum gain of 9.2dB with a −3dB bandwidth from 60–90GHz and S11 and S22 better than −12dB. It has a noise figure between 6.4 and 8dB with an OP1dB of 1.2dBm at 75GHz, a power consumption of 36.4mW from a 1.4V supply and 0.936mm2 chip area. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this work demonstrates the highest bandwidth with OP1dB greater than 0dBm from 60–90 GHz and power consumption less than 40mW.
Principles of Acute Pain Management

Acute pain is a predominant feature of the perioperative experience for the majority of patients. This paper aims to describe the adverse effects of poorly controlled acute, postoperative pain and provides an overview of the organisational aspects involved in pain management in hospitals. Following this there will be an examination of the role information giving has in improving the patient's perioperative experience. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to prevent or reduce pain will also be described and because of its importance in setting the standard for logical prescribing in pain, the Analgesic Ladder, devised by the World Health Organisation (WHO 1986) will be given special consideration. Finally, the importance of pain assessment and re-assessment will be discussed.
Planar Object Tracking in the Wild: A Benchmark

Planar object tracking is an actively studied problem in vision-based robotic applications. While several benchmarks have been constructed for evaluating state-of-the-art algorithms, there is a lack of video sequences captured in the wild rather than in constrained laboratory environment. In this paper, we present a carefully designed planar object tracking benchmark containing 210 videos of 30 planar objects sampled in the natural environment. In particular, for each object, we shoot seven videos involving various challenging factors, namely scale change, rotation, perspective distortion, motion blur, occlusion, out-of-view, and unconstrained. The ground truth is carefully annotated semi-manually to ensure the quality. Moreover, eleven state-of-the-art algorithms are evaluated on the benchmark using two evaluation metrics, with detailed analysis provided for the evaluation results. We expect the proposed benchmark to benefit future studies on planar object tracking.
A Multiagent-Based Hierarchical Energy Management Strategy for Multi-Microgrids Considering Adjustable Power and Demand Response

Conventionally, community energy management system (CEMS) is provided with the information of surplus and shortage amounts only at each time interval. This limited information may lead to an increase in the operational cost of the multimicrogrid (MMG) systems. This paper suggests informing the CEMS about the adjustable power also, in addition to the surplus and shortage information. This additional information will result in a variety of options for the CEMS to fulfill the load demands of its network. CEMS will choose among various available options, which include trading with the power grid, buying from a controllable distributed generation plant, buying from a community battery energy storage system (CBESS), or controlling the adjustable power: increasing or decreasing the generation of controllable units. CBESS can either be controlled by CEMS or can act as an autonomous entity. The effects of both the operational options have been analyzed and economically efficient mode is suggested for MMG systems. Demand response (DR) is also considered in the proposed model. The incorporation of DR will ensure the supply reliability of the MMG system in addition to the reduction in operational cost. In contrast to the conventional single or two-step multimicrogrid optimization algorithms, a multistep hierarchical optimization algorithm based on a multiagent system is proposed in this paper. Easy to implement and computationally inexpensive mixed integer linear programming models are developed for each step.
Competition for Limited Critical Resources and the Adoption of Environmentally Sustainable Strategies

We develop a game-theoretical methodology that incorporates competition for limited resources to explicitly model a firm’s valuation and, hence, its decision to either adopt environmentally sustainable strategies (e.g., recycling programs to replace limited natural resources, alternative technologies) or not. Even if switching to environmentally sustainable alternatives proves too expensive for individual firms or resource costs are expected to remain low, we show that competition for resources would still push firms to incur switching costs as they become more environmentally sustainable. Using a sample of firm-level data from the KLD database that includes firms' sustainability policies, we find empirical support that competition for resources is positively correlated with a firm's adoption of environmental strategies. Tests that use the Chinese government's 2010 rare-earth supply suspension as an exogenous shock to competition for limited resources suggest a causal interpretation for our finding.
Bench-to-Bedside: A Translational Perspective on Murine Models of Sepsis.

BACKGROUND Considerable research effort has focused on the development of novel therapies for the treatment of sepsis, yet after decades of clinical trials, few significant advances have been achieved. This limitation persists despite a wealth of data yielded by basic science that has expanded our knowledge of the biology of this disease exponentially. METHOD Review of the English-language literature. RESULTS Translational researchers may address the resultant gap between the basic science laboratory and clinical research worlds. Herein, we review potential causes for the challenges of translating basic laboratory discovery into clinical benefit. CONCLUSION We propose conceptual platforms to further the development of translational sepsis research efforts.
Staff Perceptions of Adult Day Centers Providing Post-Acute Care for Persons With Dementia

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of adult day services (ADS) staff and hospital discharge planners regarding the feasibility of ADS to provide post-acute care (PAC) for persons with dementia. We conducted key informant interviews with emergency department (ED) and inpatient hospital discharge planners (n = 9), and two focus groups with ADS staff (n = 15) representing five ADS programs. Four thematic categories were identified from the discharge planners, including concerns for patients, factors influencing discharge, experience with ADS, and conditions for ADS referrals. Four categories identified from ADS staff interviews include public lack of knowledge of ADS, communication challenges, ADS to prevent hospitalization and ED visits, and barriers to providing PAC. Lack of knowledge about ADS, the role of family in PAC decisions, and the lack of reimbursement for PAC in ADS were identified as the most significant drivers in the ability of ADS to provide PAC.
Carbamazepine as a Possible Anthropogenic Marker in Water: Occurrences, Toxicological Effects, Regulations and Removal by Wastewater Treatment Technologies

Carbamazepine (CBZ), a pharmaceutical compound, has been proposed as an anthropogenic marker to assess water quality due to its persistence in conventional treatment plants and widespread presence in water bodies. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on sources and occurrences of CBZ in water bodies, as well as toxicological effects and regulations of the drug. Given the documented side effects of CBZ on the human body when taken medicinally, its careful monitoring in water is recommended. CBZ residues in drinking water may provide a pathway to embryos and infants via intrauterine exposure or breast-feeding, which may cause congenital malformations and/or neurodevelopmental problems over long term exposure. An in-depth technical assessment of the conventional and advanced treatment technologies revealed the inadequacy of the standalone technologies. Compared to conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor processes, effective removal of CBZ can be achieved by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. However, recent studies have revealed that harsh chemical cleaning, as required to mitigate membrane fouling, can often reduce the long-term removal efficiency. Furthermore, despite the efficient performance of activated carbon adsorption and advanced oxidation processes, a few challenges such as cost of chemicals and regeneration of activated carbon need to be carefully considered. The limitations of the individual technologies point to the advantages of combined and hybrid systems, namely, membrane bioreactor coupled with nanofiltration, adsorption or advanced oxidation process.
CAnDL: a domain specific language for compiler analysis

Optimizing compilers require sophisticated program analysis and transformations to exploit modern hardware. Implementing the appropriate analysis for a compiler optimization is a time consuming activity. For example, in LLVM, tens of thousands of lines of code are required to detect appropriate places to apply peephole optimizations. It is a barrier to the rapid prototyping and evaluation of new optimizations. In this paper we present the Compiler Analysis Description Language (CAnDL), a domain specific language for compiler analysis. CAnDL is a constraint based language that operates over LLVM's intermediate representation. The compiler developer writes a CAnDL program, which is then compiled by the CAnDL compiler into a C++ LLVM pass. It provides a uniform manner in which to describe compiler analysis and can be applied to a range of compiler analysis problems, reducing code length and complexity. We implemented and evaluated CAnDL on a number of real world use cases: eliminating redundant operations; graphics code optimization; identifying static control flow regions. In all cases were we able to express the analysis more briefly than competing approaches.
Content Recommendation by Noise Contrastive Transfer Learning of Feature Representation

Personalized recommendation has been proved effective as a content discovery tool for many online news publishers. As fresh news articles are frequently coming to the system while the old ones are fading away quickly, building a consistent and coherent feature representation over the ever-changing articles pool is fundamental to the performance of the recommendation. However, learning a good feature representation is challenging, especially for some small publishers that have normally fewer than 10,000 articles each year. In this paper, we consider to transfer knowledge from a larger text corpus. In our proposed solution, an effective article recommendation engine can be established with a small number of target publisher articles by transferring knowledge from a large corpus of text with a different distribution. Specifically, we leverage noise contrastive estimation techniques to learn the word conditional distribution given the context words, where the noise conditional distribution is pre-trained from the large corpus. Our solution has been deployed in a commercial recommendation service. The large-scale online A/B testing on two commercial publishers demonstrates up to 9.97% relative overall performance gain of our proposed model on the recommendation click-though rate metric over the non-transfer learning baselines.
Crashing the Party? Elites, Outsiders, and Elections

We study an elections model in which political parties are internally divided betweenan â€œeliteâ€ and a â€œbaseâ€ whose preferences are imperfectly aligned. Elites are better informedabout the quality of potential nominees, and their endorsements can identify andpromote high quality candidates. However, elites may also choose to restrict their endorsementsto candidates who adopt their preferred policies. We introduce a threat ofentry from outsider candidates, who have the prominence and resources to bypass partyelites. We consider when voters will turn to an outsider candidate, and identify the conditionsunder which an outsider challenge will come in the primary as opposed to as athird-party candidacy. We further explore when this threat disciplines elite endorsementsand the conditions under which outsider challenges are most likely to succeed.
FBSR: feedback-based secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Purpose – Wireless sensor networks, due to their potentially wide application perspectives, may proliferate in future. Two major stumbling blocks are the dynamic variance of the network caused by both the capacity constraint of sensor nodes and uncertainties of wireless links, and secure routing in the special security sensitive environment. Therefore, adaptable and defendable routing mechanism is in urgent need for the deployment of sensor networks. This paper aims to propose a feedback‐based secure routing protocol (FBSR). Design/methodology/approach – Feedback from the neighboring nodes serves as the dynamic information of the current network, with which sensor nodes make forwarding decisions in a secure and energy aware manner. Feedback message is included in the MAC layer acknowledgement frame to avoid network congestion, and it is authenticated with the proposed Keyed One Way Hash Chain (Keyed‐OWHC) to avoid feedback fabrication. FBSR's resilience to node compromise is enhanced by statistic efforts a.
Soot: Sources, Formation and Health Effects

During combustion of fossil fuels soot particles form as a byproduct when a sufficient amount of oxygen is not present to yield a complete conversion of fuel into major combustion products such as carbon dioxide and water vapour. The soot particles (unburnt carbon) significantly affect the performance and durability of many engineering systems such as gas turbines and diesel engines and are the cause of significant human health problems associated with the respiratory system. Environmentally, the emissions of soot particles from combustion systems are also harmful as they contribute to the global warming. This book covers the important technological issues related to the formation, nanostructure, modelling, health effects, reduction and impact of soots.
Visual Selective Attention Toward Novel Stimuli Predicts Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with selective attention impairments, which could contribute to cognitive and functional deficits. Using visual scanning parameters, selective attention toward novel stimuli, or novelty preference, can be measured by a non-verbal, non-invasive method that may be of value in predicting disease progression. OBJECTIVE In this longitudinal study, we explored whether novelty preference can predict cognitive decline in AD patients. METHODS Mild to moderate AD patients viewed slides containing both novel and repeat images. The number of fixations, the average fixation time, and the relative fixation time on the two types of images were measured by an eye-tracking system. Novelty preference was estimated by the differences between the visual scanning parameters on novel and repeat images. Cognition and attention were assessed using the Standardized Mini-Mental Status Examination (sMMSE) and the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT), respectively. Cognition was re-assessed every 6 months for up to 2 years. RESULTS Multivariate linear regressions of 32 AD patients (14 females, age = 77.9±7.8, baseline sMMSE = 22.2±4.4) indicated that reduced time spent on novel images (t = 2.78, p = 0.010) was also associated with greater decline in sMMSE scores (R2 = 0.41, Adjusted R2 = 0.35, F3,28 = 6.51, p = 0.002), adjusting for attention and baseline sMMSE. CONCLUSION These results suggest that novelty preference, measured by visual attention scanning technology, may reflect pathophysiological processes that could predict disease progression in the cognitively-impaired.
Enhanced untestable path analysis using edge graphs

Logic circuits may have large numbers of untestable paths. Therefore, it is important for path delay fault testing to identify untestable paths prior to test generation. An earlier method, called partial path sensitization, was able to identify large numbers of untestable path delay faults by analyzing pairs of subpaths. We propose to apply this method to the edge graph of the circuit. In the edge graph, an edge corresponds to two consecutive subpaths. Thus, identification of untestable paths is done based on longer subpaths when the edge graph is used than when the original netlist is used. Experimental results presented in this paper show that the proposed method identifies more untestable paths than when the partial path sensitization method is applied to the original netlist.
Establishing the pathways and indications for performing isotope bone scans in newly diagnosed intermediate‐risk localised prostate cancer – results from a large contemporaneous cohort

To establish the pattern of isotope bone scan (BS) positivity in a large contemporaneous cohort of patients with newly diagnosed localised prostate cancer and compare with the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, as imaging guidelines and clinical practice for using BS to stage newly diagnosed patients with intermediate‐risk localised prostate cancer are not uniform in the literature.
Joint Coding-Transmission Optimization for a Video Surveillance System With Multiple Cameras

Surveillance video has become an important multi-media application in recent years, with development trends toward wide viewing angles and high definition. At the same time, transmission of surveillance video over the Internet and storage in the cloud are becoming increasingly popular. However, it is extremely challenging to transfer surveillance video with both a wide viewing angle and a high resolution over the Internet because of 1) the tradeoff between a wide viewing angle and high-surveillance object resolution for a single camera, 2) the large throughput requirement, and 3) the fluctuating delay and bandwidth of the Internet. In this paper, we present a reference-frame-cache-based surveillance video transmission system (RSVTS), which delivers wide-viewing-angle and high-definition surveillance video over the Internet in real time using multiple rotatable cameras. First, we develop an efficient video mosaicing method for merging two (or more) surveillance videos together. Second, novel reference frame selection and update algorithms are proposed for the RSVTS encoder to reduce the amount of encoded data. Third, we implement a reference frame cache on both the sender and receiver sides to increase video quality by increasing the probability of video decoding. We conduct a performance evaluation using a simulation system that integrates RSVTS and ns-3. Compared with the H.264/SVC and H.264/AVC schemes, RSVTS achieves appreciable improvements in enhancing the video peak signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth conservation.
Intellectual Property Protection of HDL IP Cores Through Automated Signature Hosting

This paper presents significant improvements to our previous watermarking technique for Intellectual Property Protection (IPP) that enables the protection of IP cores. The technique relies on hosting the bits of a digital signature at the HDL design level using combinational logic included within the original system. Thus, any attack trying to change or remove the digital signature will damage the design. The technique also includes a procedure for secure signature extraction. The new advances refer to increasing the applicability of this watermarking technique to any design and the provision of an automatic tool for signature hosting purposes. The design examples on FPL devices show the effectiveness of this watermarking technique. Synthesis results show that the application of the proposed watermarking strategy results in negligible degradation of system performance and very low area penalties.
Wideband self-sustained DRA fed by printed ridge gap waveguide at 60 GHz

The design of a self-sustained cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) fed by a printed ridge gap waveguide technology is presented. The antenna is designed to operate in the 60 GHz band. To avoid the difficulties of aligning the DRA above the coupling slot, a supporting structure made of the same DRA material is employed. This supporting structure is made by perforating the dielectric around the DRA to reduce its relative permittivity. Numerical results show an impedance bandwidth of 20.5 % from 54.3 to 66.7 GHz, and a 3-dB gain bandwidth covering the whole impedance bandwidth with a maximum gain of 9.5 dB at 62 GHz. The proposed self-sustained DRA is a strong candidate for 5th generation wireless communication devices as an array element.