Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Australian child protection services: A game without end

This article argues that Australian child protection services are based on an error of logical typing. Across time, this has led to an over-reliance on mandatory reporting legislation, a forensic/investigative/prosecutorial model of practice, a risk-averse organisational culture and zero tolerance of any imperfections in parenting practices which are defined as child abuse and neglect regardless of their severity. All of these positions ignore powerful social stressors that surround complex family situations where abuse and neglect can occur. It is proposed that this error of logical typing is confirmed by the well-documented fact that Australian child protection services have for more than two decades been unable to prevent or reduce the incidence of child abuse and neglect. For this article, New South Wales is used as the exemplar state.
The cognitive complaint interview (CCI)

Background: The objective is to devise a cognitive complaint interview (CCI) that can be used in the early stages of dementia. The interview consists in two questions about general memory functioning and eight questions about more particular cognitive complaints: a ‘yes’ response to one of these questions reflects what we refer to as a memory complaint. The administration of this interview takes approximately 10 min.
Cooperation meets competition in microRNA-mediated DMPK transcript regulation

The fundamental role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of gene expression has been well-established, but many miRNA-driven regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we demonstrate that miRNAs regulate the expression of DMPK, the gene mutated in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), and we provide insight regarding the concerted effect of the miRNAs on the DMPK target. Specifically, we examined the binding of several miRNAs to the DMPK 3′ UTR using luciferase assays. We validated the interactions between the DMPK transcript and the conserved miR-206 and miR-148a. We suggest a possible cooperativity between these two miRNAs and discuss gene targeting by miRNA pairs that vary in distance between their binding sites and expression profiles. In the same luciferase reporter system, we showed miR-15b/16 binding to the non-conserved CUG repeat tract present in the DMPK transcript and that the CUG-repeat-binding miRNAs might also act cooperatively. Moreover, we detected miR-16 in cytoplasmic foci formed by exogenously expressed RNAs with expanded CUG repeats. Therefore, we propose that the expanded CUGs may serve as a target for concerted regulation by miRNAs and may also act as molecular sponges for natural miRNAs with CAG repeats in their seed regions, thereby affecting their physiological functions.
Análisis e impacto de los touroperadores y las agencias de viaje en el transporte turístico: nuevas tendencias en Canarias

The international tourism transport sector is facing profound changes in its structure, particu- larly where tour operators and travel agencies are concerned. New reservation distribution systems (GDS and CRS) and interactive television systems are setting new guidelines for the sector. The worldwide platform of the Internet has created a new context, which is rapidly emerging and becoming ever more dynamic. For this reason, travel organisations should explore the proliferation of management tools that facilitate the establishment of new competitive strategies and positioning in an increasingly volatile area, with new products and forms in both demand and supply. This exploratory study identifies and interprets several questions based on a survey of 82 hotel and travel agency managers in the Canary Islands, who express their views about current and future developments in the sector.
Recent introduction of a chytrid fungus endangers Western Palearctic salamanders

A new, yet old, threat to amphibians Globally, populations of amphibians have been severely affected by a disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Recently, some European salamander populations were decimated by the emergence of a new, related chytrid fungus, B. salamandrivorans. Martel et al. screened amphibians across continents. This newly emerging threat seems to have originated in Asia and traveled to Europe with salamanders transported as part of the pet trade. Asian salamanders have evolved resistance to the pathogen, but salamanders from other parts of the world are highly susceptible. Science, this issue p. 630 A new fungal disease from Asia threatens salamanders in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. Emerging infectious diseases are reducing biodiversity on a global scale. Recently, the emergence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans resulted in rapid declines in populations of European fire salamanders. Here, we screened more than 5000 amphibians from across four continents and combined experimental assessment of pathogenicity with phylogenetic methods to estimate the threat that this infection poses to amphibian diversity. Results show that B. salamandrivorans is restricted to, but highly pathogenic for, salamanders and newts (Urodela). The pathogen likely originated and remained in coexistence with a clade of salamander hosts for millions of years in Asia. As a result of globalization and lack of biosecurity, it has recently been introduced into naïve European amphibian populations, where it is currently causing biodiversity loss.
Social and economic changes and health in Europe East and West

The health status of populations of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union underwent major changes after the fall of communism. While mortality started declining in Central Europe, mortality in Russia and most other countries of the former Soviet Union rose dramatically and has yet to improve. In terms of the socioeconomic changes, some countries (mainly Central Europe) were able to contain the fall in income and rise in income inequalities, but across the former Soviet Union gross domestic product plummeted and income inequality grew rapidly. This led to two types of inequality: first, the widening gap in mortality between countries, and second, the increasing social gradient in health and disease within countries. The thrust of our argument is that the disadvantages in health in Eastern Europe, and the growing social inequalities in health in the region, are direct results of the social changes, and that psychosocial factors played a pivotal role in the health pattern seen in Central and Eastern Europe.
The same binding in contour integration and crowding.

Binding of features helps object recognition in contour integration but hinders it in crowding. In contour integration, aligned adjacent objects group together to form a path. In crowding, flanking objects make the target unidentifiable. However, to date, the two tasks have only been studied separately. K. A. May and R. F. Hess (2007) suggested that the same binding mediates both tasks. To test this idea, we ask observers to perform two different tasks with the same stimulus. We present oriented grating patches that form a "snake letter" in the periphery. Observers report either the identity of the whole letter (contour integration task) or the phase of one of the grating patches (crowding task). We manipulate the strength of binding between gratings by varying the alignment between them, i.e., the Gestalt goodness of continuation, measured as "wiggle. " We find that better alignment strengthens binding, which improves contour integration and worsens crowding. Observers show equal sensitivity to alignment in these two very different tasks, suggesting that the same binding mechanism underlies both phenomena. It has been claimed that grouping among flankers reduces their crowding of the target. Instead, we find that these published cases of weak crowding are due to weak binding resulting from target-flanker misalignment. We conclude that crowding is mediated solely by the grouping of flankers with the target and is independent of grouping among flankers.
La aproximación neuropsicológica a la dislexia evolutiva II: Lateralización hemisférica y aplicaciones educativas

ResumenSe aborda en este trabajo la dominancia o lateralizacion hemisferica cerebral, en cuanto posible factor etiologico de interes para la neuropsicologia de la dislexia evolutiva. Se precisan las relaciones con la lateralidad manual y se revisan, a la luz de los conocimientos actuales, los conceptos legados por Broca y Orton. En este sentido, tambien se revisa la teoria de la dominancia desde el principio (Kinsbourne) en cuanto contrapuesta a la teoria de la progresiva lateralizacion hemisferica en la ontogenia (Lenneberg). Los principales modelos de dislexia basados en la organizacion cerebral se agrupan segun hagan referencia a la integracion interhemisferica, a la especializacion hemisferica o a la integracion intersensorial. Como aplicacion a la educacion, se proponen algunas consideraciones generales derivadas del enfoque neuropsicologico y se revisa criticamente el caracter generalizador de una educacion basada en la hemisfericidad.
Anticonvulsant drugs for management of pain: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: To determine effectiveness and adverse effects of anticonvulsant drugs in management of pain. Design: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of anticonvulsants for acute, chronic, or cancer pain identified by using Medline, by hand searching, by searching reference lists, and by contacting investigators. Subjects: Between 1966 and February 1994, 37 reports were found; 20 reports, of four anticonvulsants, were eligible. Main outcome measures: Numbers needed to treat were calculated for effectiveness, adverse effects, and drug related withdrawal from study. Results: The only placebo controlled study in acute pain found no analgesic effect of sodium valproate. For treating trigeminal neuralgia, carbamazepine had a combined number needed to treat of 2.6 for effectiveness, 3.4 for adverse effects, and 24 for severe effects (withdrawal from study). For treating diabetic neuropathy, anticonvulsants had a combined number needed to treat of 2.5 for effectiveness, 3.1 for adverse effects, and 20 for severe effects. For migraine prophylaxis, anticonvulsants had a combined number needed to treat of 1.6 for effectiveness, 2.4 for adverse effects, and 39 for severe effects. Phenytoin had no effect on the irritable bowel syndrome, and carbamazepine had little effect on pain after stroke. Clonazepam was effective in one study for temporomandibular joint dysfunction. No study compared one anticonvulsant with another. Conclusions: Anticonvulsants were effective for trigeminal neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy and for migraine prophylaxis. Minor adverse effects occurred as often as benefit.
A novel workflow for computer guided implant surgery matching digital dental casts and CBCT scan.

Nowadays computer-guided "flap-less" surgery for implant placement using stereolithographic tem-plates is gaining popularity among clinicians and patients. The advantages of this surgical protocol are its minimally invasive nature, accuracy of implant placement, predictability, less post-surgical discomfort and reduced time required for definitive rehabilitation. Aim of this work is to describe a new protocol (Smart Fusion by Nobel Biocare), thanks to which is now possible to do a mini-invasive static guided implant surgery, in partially edentulous patients with at least 6 remaining teeth, without the use of a radiographic guide. This is possible thanks to a procedure named surface mapping based on the matching between numerous points on the surface of patient's dental casts and the corresponding anatomical surface points in the CBCT data. The full protocol is examined focusing the attention on the clinical and laboratory procedures. CONCLUSIONS Also with some critical points and needing an adequate learning curve, this protocol allows to select the ideal implant position in depth, inclination and mesio-distal distance between natural teeth and or other implants enabling a very safe and predictable rehabilitation compared with conventional surgery. It represents a good tool for the best compromise between anatomy, function and aesthetic, able to guarantee better results in all clinical situations.
Interspecies variation in the metabolism of zoniporide by aldehyde oxidase

1. Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a cytosolic enzyme that contributes to the Phase I metabolism of xenobiotics in human and preclinical species. 2. Current studies explored in vitro metabolism of zoniporide in various animal species and humans using S9 fractions. The animal species included commonly used pharmacology and toxicology models and domestic animals such as the cat, cow or bull, pig and horse. 3. In addition, gender and strain differences in some species were also explored. 4. All animals except the dog and cat converted zoniporide to 2-oxozoniporide (M1). 5. Michael-Menten kinetic studies were conducted in species that turned over zoniporide to M1. 6. Marked differences in KM, Vmax and Clint were observed in the oxidation of zoniporide. 7. Although the KM and Vmax of zoniporide oxidation in male and female human S9 was similar, some gender difference was observed in animals especially, in Vmax. 8. The domestic animals also showed marked species differences in the AO activity and affinity toward zoniporide.
The future of distributed leadership

Purpose – This paper aims to assess the empirical utility and conceptual significance of distributed leadership.Design/methodology/approach – Three main sources of evidence are drawn on. The paper reviews some neglected commentary of an early generation of distributed leadership theorists. It also discusses a strand of social science writings on emergent small number management formations. An alternative interpretation of the findings of three recent empirical studies of distributed leadership is provided. Some unresolved issues are considered.Findings – Distributed leadership arose in reaction to understandings of leadership that emphasised heroic‐like individual behaviour. It has achieved a high level of theoretical and practical uptake. This paper, however, argues for reconsideration. Distributed leadership is shown to be largely unremarkable, especially in light of the continuity between current writings and those of early generation scholars. This claim is also reinforced by the inability of most cur.
Comparison of Energy Yield of Small Wind Turbines in Low Wind Speed Areas

The objective of this paper is to compare the energy yield and generated electricity cost of several commercially available small wind turbines under low wind speed condition. Many small wind turbines were not able to generate the amount of electricity promised by the manufacturers. The predicted annual energy yield simulated using manufacturers' power curve were sometimes higher than actual measured values by up to a factor of two. Furthermore, above a rotor size of 3 m, large diameter turbines performed better, having both low generated electricity cost ( € /kWh) and high annual energy yield per swept area (kWh/m 2).
Inside - Outside Model Viewing - A Low-cost Hybrid Approach to Visualization and Demonstration of 3D Models

Visualization of large scale 3D models has become an important part of the development cycle in many fields like building design, machine design, construction and many more. Whether for design communication or demonstration, it is necessary for the viewers to fully understand the different components of the model, their proportions compared to each other and the overall design. A variety of augmented reality(AR) applications have been created for overall visualization of large scale models. For tours inside 3D renderings of models many immersive virtual reality (VR) applications exist. Both types of applications have their limitation, omitting either important details in the AR case or the full picture in the case of VR. This paper presents a low-cost way to demonstrate models using a hybrid virtual environment system (HVE), combining virtual reality and augmented reality visualization. The solution is built using a fully occlusive head mounted display(HMD), together with off-the-shelf web cameras and a game controller for interaction. A proof of concept is created using a commercial game engine, which is used in a subsequent case study. Based on this study, we demonstrate the validity of our proposed system.
An efficient approach to converting three-dimensional image data into highly accurate computational models

Image-based meshing is opening up exciting new possibilities for the application of computational continuum mechanics methods (finite-element and computational fluid dynamics) to a wide range of biomechanical and biomedical problems that were previously intractable owing to the difficulty in obtaining suitably realistic models. Innovative surface and volume mesh generation techniques have recently been developed, which convert three-dimensional imaging data, as obtained from magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, micro-CT and ultrasound, for example, directly into meshes suitable for use in physics-based simulations. These techniques have several key advantages, including the ability to robustly generate meshes for topologies of arbitrary complexity (such as bioscaffolds or composite micro-architectures) and with any number of constituent materials (multi-part modelling), providing meshes in which the geometric accuracy of mesh domains is only dependent on the image accuracy (image-based accuracy) and the ability for certain problems to model material inhomogeneity by assigning the properties based on image signal strength. Commonly used mesh generation techniques will be compared with the proposed enhanced volumetric marching cubes (EVoMaCs) approach and some issues specific to simulations based on three-dimensional image data will be discussed. A number of case studies will be presented to illustrate how these techniques can be used effectively across a wide range of problems from characterization of micro-scaffolds through to head impact modelling.
Umbilical Cords and Digital Fibre-Optics

This essay critically describes today's globe-spanning digital communication networks as the core medium of globalization, delivering both a new world order of corporate domination and a deeply personal experience of alienation. It also argues for an ecological approach to communication both as a critique and as a way of resisting globalization, through its focus on embodied relationships and time.
[Apoptosis in mouse after tetramine poisoning].

OBJECTIVE To observe pathological changes and apoptosis in mouse brain, hart, liver and kidney after tetramine poisoning, and to provide some references for forensic identification. METHODS An experimental model of mouse tetramine poisoning was found, and the technology of apoptosis detection was used. The staining results were analyzed by computer image analysis competitive system. RESULTS (1) Quantities of apoptosis in brain, hart, liver and kidney in chronic poisoning groups are many more than in acute poisoning groups. As in same organs, Quantities of apoptosis are different after different poisoning time. In addition, the peak-time of apoptosis is not same in different organs. (2) Poison analysis showed that, all organic samples from acute poisoning groups were positive, while that from chronic poisoning groups are negative. CONCLUSION Chronic tetramine poisoning can not be detective by clinic or poison analysis while can be found changes in apoptosis, which indicate that small amount and chronic poisoning still affects the body.
Modulation of T-cell adhesion markers, and the CD45R and CD57 antigens in human alcoholics.

Direct and indirect evidence indicates that T cells are altered in alcoholics. The most commonly reported changes under direct examination have been consistent with an increased level of activation as reflected by shifts in the ratio of common leukocyte antigen isoforms expressed at the cell surface, by increases in the expression of class II antigen, or by alterations in the expression of various adhesion molecules. Functional evidence for T-cell abnormality includes loss of delayed hypersensitivity and a number of findings attributed to dysregulation of B cells by alcoholic T cells; these include the widely reported distrubances of immunoglobulin production in vivo and a range of abnormal responses when T and B cells are combined in vitro. Detailed flow cytometric examination of T cells from alcoholics with or without active liver disease reveals a significant loss of L-selectin CD8+ T cells, but not usually of CD4+ T cells. There is an inverse increase in the expression of CD11b on the CD8+ cells that have decreased L-selectin+ percentages. Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in alcoholics display a significant loss of the CD45RA isoform and a gain of cells exhibiting the CD45RO isoform. Other surface alterations include increased expression of CD57, a marker most commonly associated on T cells with conditions of chronic increased antigenic exposure. It is argued that these and other T-cell alterations in alcoholics are cytokine-driven in part and result in T-cell differentiation states that are functionally inappropriate. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Children’s early numeracy in England, Finland and People’s Republic of China

This research investigated the similarities and differences between countries in young children’s early numeracy skills related to age, culture, and gender. The participants were five‐year‐old children from Beijing (People’s Republic of China), England, and Finland. The rationale for the cross‐cultural comparison originates from research results with older children showing that Asian children outperform children from America or Europe, and from the lack of such information concerning younger children. The results showed that in all locations older children performed better than the younger children. Cultural differences were found: young children from Beijing outperformed those from England and Finland in overall early numeracy performance, as well as in sub‐tests for understanding of quantities and relations (i.e. relational skills), and counting skills. Finnish children had better scores than English children in the whole early numeracy scale and in the relational scale. The results are discussed in relation to culture, instruction in preschools, and learning support at home, as well as the effects of language characteristics. The culture’s appreciation of and approach to mathematics learning in early childhood is a plausible explanation for the cross‐cultural differences found in this study.
Assessing Response to Basic Concept Instruction

Research has demonstrated that academic success is significantly related to word knowledge. Basic concept words are important because of their use in classroom directions and assessment instructions. It is important that educators assess a child’s understanding of basic concept vocabulary at school entry. For children who demonstrate basic concept deficits, progress monitoring is needed to make certain that they acquire these vocabulary items through instruction. This preliminary study used a single-participant design to determine whether an experimental basic concept–curriculum based measure (BC-CBM) was able to accurately assess and monitor progress in basic concept acquisition as a result of instruction. Four children who were deaf or hard of hearing (M age = 4 years 6 months) participated in the experiment. Results revealed that the BC-CBM scores improved during intervention. The results of this experiment provide evidence to support the development of additional larger scale field-testing of the BC-CBM.