Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The DDI Approach to Morphology

DDI stands for “Don’t Do It. ” White (1980) used the acronym DDI in a delightful paper on garbage collection. He argued 25 years ago that the garbage collector should be run rarely – perhaps once a year – if at all. That’s pretty much how many of us work these days. We buy enough memory so we don’t have to clean up more than once a week. Rebooting is easier than garbage collecting. As for disks, many of us buy enough to last a couple of years without cleaning up (too much). And when it comes time to clean up, we buy a new machine with even more disk space. Cleaning up isn’t much fun. It would be nice if my son cleaned up his room more often (but then I set a lousy example). Technology isn’t the problem or the solution. Even if I came home with a fancy new tool that did most of the work, I bet there would still be many things my son would rather do than clean up his room (if given the choice). So, what does morphology have to do with garbage collection? White suggests that garbage collecting is harmful. We find that morphological inferences are dangerous. Simple morphological inferences are better than complex inferences. But even simple inferences are worse than none. Like cleaning up, we don’t want to do any more morphology than we absolutely have to. Most of us would opt for DDI, if given the choice. There are lots of programs out there that take out the garbage and decompose words. Some of these programs work remarkably well, for the most part. But, why run such programs, if we don’t have to? There are obvious morphological patterns that we would like our computer programs to take advantage of, but there are also many potential pitfalls. All inferences introduce certain errors, but some inferences are safer than others.
Construction of Domain Dictionary for Fundamental Vocabulary

For natural language understanding, it is essential to reveal semantic relations between words. To date, only the IS-A relation has been publicly available. Toward deeper natural language understanding, we semi-automatically constructed the domain dictionary that represents the domain relation between Japanese fundamental words. This is the first Japanese domain resource that is fully available. Besides, our method does not require a document collection, which is indispensable for keyword extraction techniques but is hard to obtain. As a task-based evaluation, we performed blog categorization. Also, we developed a technique for estimating the domain of unknown words.
Joint broadcast scheduling and user's cache management for efficient information delivery

In information delivery through broadcasting, a server continuously pushes information in a broadcast channel and the users access it by tuning in and waiting until the information they are interested in is transmitted. The server follows a schedule that attempts to match the user access statistics in order to reduce the access latency. In case of inhomogeneous user populations with several different access profiles, the users have local cache to smooth out the mismatches of their profile with the broadcast schedule statistics. In this work we propose a method for joint design of the server broadcast schedule and the user caching strategy such that the access delay is minimized. We identify a fluid model of the joint problem on which the joint optimization is performed and subsequently the dynamic schedule is designed to match the optimal fluid model parameters. It turns out that with joint design of the broadcast schedule and the user cache management policy significant performance improvement is achieved, particularly for inhomogeneous user populations.
Using virtualized operating systems as a ubiquitous computing infrastructure

The personalization of computing environments is one of the key aspects of ubiquitous computing, and such personalization requires isolated computing environments for better security and stability. This paper describes our ubiquitous computing infrastructure architecture that is based on virtualized operating systems in order to enable ubiquitous devices and servers to be shared securely and reliably. Our architecture also includes CPU resource management mechanisms to support time sensitive applications and to make the execution of applications stable on shared devices.
PARP1 Differentially Interacts with Promoter region of DUX4 Gene in FSHD Myoblasts

Objective The goal of the study is to identity proteins, which interact with the promoter region of double homeobox protein 4 (DUX4) gene known to be causative for the autosomal dominant disorder Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD). Methods We performed a DNA pull down assay coupled with mass spectrometry analysis to identify proteins that interact with a DUX4 promoter probe in Rhabdomyosarcomca (RD) cells. We selected the top ranked protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) from our mass spectrometry data for further ChIP-qPCR validation using patients' myoblasts. We then treated FSHD myoblasts with PARP1 inhibitors to investigate the role of PARP1 in the FSHD myoblasts. Results In our mass spectrometry analysis, PARP1 was found to be the top ranked protein interacting preferentially with the DUX4 promoter probe in RD cells. We further validated this interaction by immunoblotting in RD cells (2-fold enrichment compared to proteins pulled down by a control probe, p<0.05) and ChIP-qPCR in patients' myoblasts (65-fold enrichment, p<0.01). Interestingly, the interaction was only observed in FSHD myoblasts but not in the control myoblasts. Upon further treatment of FSHD myoblasts with PARP1 inhibitors, we showed that treatment with a PARP1 inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide (0.5 mM), for 24 h had a suppression of DUX4 (2.6 fold, p<0.05) and ZSCAN4, a gene previously shown to be upregulated by DUX4, (1.6 fold, p<0.01) in FSHD myoblasts. Treatment with fisetin (0.5 mM), a polyphenol compound with PARP1 inhibitory property, for 24 h also suppressed the expression of DUX4 (44.8 fold, p<0.01) and ZSCAN4 (2.2 fold, p<0.05) in the FSHD myoblasts. We further showed that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a gene regulated by PARP1 was also enriched at the DUX4 promoter in RD cells through immunoblotting (2-fold, p<0.01) and immortalized FSHD myoblasts (42-fold, p<0.01) but not control myoblasts through ChIP qPCR. Conclusion Our results showed that PARP1 and DNMT1 interacted with DUX4 promoter and may be involved in modulating DUX4 expression in FSHD.
An Analysis of English Modal Auxiliary Verbs in Middle School English Textbooks

Modal auxiliaries appearing in textbooks have been analyzed in this study. Through comparing the analysis to corpus data, effective teaching methods have been discovered so that learners can understand and use modal auxiliaries precisely. On the basis of semantic criteria, frequency of modal auxiliaries has been aggregated in terms of each grade and communication means. The following conclusion is as follows. First, there lie differences between the frequency of modal auxiliaries in textbooks and that in corpus data, which means that teachers are expected to offer a variety of samples in order for students to contact authentic language. Second, each modal auxiliary has various meaning but textbooks barely introduce it. Thus, teachers should not rely on the typical meaning of modal auxiliaries when they teach.
Cooperative work and decision making in emergency management

L'etude presentee s'inscrit dans le cadre des travaux recents sur la caracterisation des activites collectives du point de vue cognitif. Les A. analysent les caracteristiques des situations de prise de decision distribuee dans des tâches de controle d'environnement dynamique ouvert. Ils analysent et comparent les strategies de prise de decision mises en oeuvre par deux groupes d'officiers sapeurs-pompiers en formation continue pendant le traitement d'une situation de crise simulee. Est examinee en particulier l'hypothese selon laquelle la formation individuelle a l'utilisation d'une Methode de Raisonnement Tactique (MRT) est insuffisante pour la mise en oeuvre collective de celle-ci en temps reel pour traiter une situation reelle.
Effects of expertise on the cognitive and neural processes involved in musical appreciation

There is relatively little empirical research that specifically addresses the question of expertise effects on musical appreciation but an anecdote will serve to make the importance of the issue clear. Recently, I attended a concert with a friend and, afterwards, discussing the performance, mentioned that I had found the timing a little erratic. My companion replied, “Well, I’m no expert but I enjoyed the concert! ” Is musical training or expertise important for the appreciation of music? Or can anyone appreciate music? Does it depend on the type of music? If training is important, which aspects are crucial? Which components of aesthetic experience do those aspects of training affect? These questions have deep implications for the importance of musical training and experience in education and development of artistic appreciation. The goal of this chapter is to establish a framework for generating and testing hypotheses about the effects of musical expertise on the appreciation of music. Before we embark, it’s worth pausing to consider a few important methodological points (see Schellenberg 2006). The vast majority of psychological and neuroscientific research on the effects of musical training has taken a cross-sectional approach by comparing musicians and non-musicians on some particular measure. However, this does not demonstrate a causal effect of musical training since it cannot be known whether the measure in question differed between the groups before commencement of musical training (it may even have influenced the initiation and maintenance of musical training leading to expertise). Second, it is difficult to know how specific the effect is to musical training per se unless a control group of experts in another domain are also studied (e.g. Dick et al. 2011; Schellenberg 2004), which is rare in the literature. Third, there are many demographic factors (e.g. socio-economic status) that are correlated with musical education, so it is difficult to isolate any effects to musical training unless control groups matched for these factors are included (usually they are not). With those caveats in mind, we begin our enquiry by locating music and musical expertise in more precise terms.
Development of the HIRS Outgoing Longwave Radiation Climate Dataset

Abstract The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) product, which NOAA has been operationally generating since 1979, is a very long data record that has been used in many applications, yet past studies have shown its limitations and several algorithm-related deficiencies. Ellingson et al. have developed the multispectral algorithm that largely improved the accuracy of the narrowband-estimated OLR as well as eliminated the problems in AVHRR. NOAA has been generating High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) OLR operationally since September 1998. In recognition of the need for a continuous and long OLR data record that would be consistent with the earth radiation budget broadband measurements in the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) era, and to provide a climate data record for global change studies, a vigorous reprocessing of the HIRS radiance for OLR derivation is necessary. This paper describes the development.
Learning Cascaded Reduced-Set SVMs Using Linear Programming

This paper proposes a simple and efficient detection framework that uses reduced-set kernels. We first describe our approach which reduces the number of kernels. A convex optimization method is used for calculating the reduced sets. Following this, we propose a method that optimally designs the cascade. Our experimental results indicate that our method minimizes complexity regarding the number of kernels in the cascaded structure while preserving the low error rates. Our algorithm generates the optimal weight of kernels for each cascade stage. This proposed algorithm achieves high detection-rates at low computational cost.
Use of a $d$-Constraint During LDPC Decoding in a Bliss Scheme

Bliss schemes of a run length limited (RLL) codec in combination with an LDPC codec, generate LDPC parity bits over a systematic sequence of RLL channel bits that are inherently redundant as they satisfy e.g. a $d=1$ minimum run length constraint. That is the subsequences consisting of runs of length $d=1$, viz. $. 010. $ and $. 101. $, cannot occur. We propose to use this redundancy during LDPC decoding in a Bliss scheme by introducing additional $d$-constraint nodes in the factor graph used by the LDPC decoder. The messages sent from these new nodes to the variable or codeword bit nodes exert a ``force'' on the resulting soft-bit vector coming out of the LDPC decoding that give it a tendency to comply with the $d$-constraints. This way, we can significantly reduce the probability of decoding error.
Testing polarimetric SAR Tomography by Continuous Wave radar and Compressed Sensing for under soil hidden coherent targets

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Tomography is able to detect targets, measuring their position extended in the height dimension. SAR tomography has the problem that, in order to achieve high resolution in the vertical direction, a Multi-Baseline (MB) radar geometry with a great vertical aperture has to be designed. In SAR Tomography, the tomographic resolution is also inversely proportional to the slant range length and classical pulsed radars has the limitation to work over the slant range distance occupied by the pulse duration space. This paper gives a solution to aver-come this limitation, using a Linearly Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (LFM-CW) radar. The work proposes to process MB SAR data in a full polarimetric configuration, tested on different physically constituted SAR environments. The results are estimated using the Capon Fourier based spectral estimator and the Compressed Sensing, assisted by atomic decomposition and confirms the feasibility to perform single-pass (SP) SAR-Tomography using LFM-CW radars, suitable for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications.
Pushing forward the Interface between Recognition and Understanding - How to Integrate Syntactic Str

In this paper we present an integrated approach for recognizing both the word sequence and the syntactic-prosodic structure of a spontaneous utterance. We take into account the fact that a spontaneous utterance is not merely an unstructured sequence of words by incorporating phrase boundary information into the language model and by providing HMMs to model boundaries. This allows for a distinction between word transitions across phrase boundaries and transitions within a phrase. During recognition, the syntactic-prosodic structure of the utterance is determined implicitly. Without any increase in computational eeort, this leads to a 4% reduction of word error rate, and, at the same time, syntactic-prosodic boundary labels are provided for subsequent processing. The boundaries are recognized with a precision and recall rate of about 75% for both. They can be used to reduce drastically the computational eeort for parsing spontaneous utterances, as has been shown in the German Verbmobil project.
MAMMALYZER: An Approach for Automatic Detection of Breast Cancer by Analyzing Contrast-Enhanced MRI Mammographs

This is a report on a new integrated system 1 for the automatic analysis of MRI-breast images for the early detection of breast cancer. The system operates on images taken using the method of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Suspicious lesions in the breast are automatically marked with a special colour, thus directing the attention of the physicians towards the critical breast regions. The medical support system is based on a newly invented image-matching algorithm, based on self-organizing maps (SOM), which enable the system to work properly even with image sequences that are strongly deformed by the patient's breathing movements. The system was tested on real data and the results are presented.
Prognostic Usefulness of Estrogen Receptor Iimminocvtocheniical Assays for Human Breast Cancer 1

Breast cancers of postmenopausal patients at high risk for recurrence participating in an adjuvant therapy protocol were independently assayed for estrogen receptor by conventional dextran-coated charcoal steroid binding assays and by Â¡mmunocytochemistry (ER-ICA) to compare the two assays and to assess the prognostic usefulness of ER-ICA. The ER ICA was based on a monoclonal antibody to the estrogen receptor and was applied to lightly fixed, frozen sections of the cancers. Excellent agreement was found between the two estrogen receptor methods. It was found that a combination of the distribution of ER-ICA stained cells and the overall staining intensity gave a statistically significant correlation with the quantitative estrogen receptor dextran-coated charcoal steroid binding assay value. In addition, the overall appraisal of the lesion as ER-ICA positive or negative as well as the ER-ICA staining intensity and proportion of ER-ICA stained cancer cells related to patient diseasefree interval and survival, independent of patient lymph node involvement. This relationship of ER-ICA status to prognosis appeared not to relate only to responses to adjuvant tamoxifen treatment since it also was observed with patients who did not receive the antiestrogen.
Control of Biped Robot with Stable Walking

This paper presents the development results of the 10 DOF biped robot with stable and human-like walking using the simple hardware configuration. Kinematics model of the 10 DOF biped robot and its dynamic model based on the 3D inverted pendulum are presented. Under assumption that the COM of the biped robot moves on the horizontal constraint plane, ZMP equations of the biped robot depending on the coordinate of the center of the pelvis link obtained from the dynamic model of the biped robot are given based on the D'Alembert's principle. A ZMP servo control system is constructed to track the ZMP of the biped robot to ZMP reference input which is decided by the footprint of the biped robot. A discrete time optimal controller is designed to control ZMP of the biped robot to track trajectories reference inputs based on discrete time systems. When ZMP of biped robot is controlled to track trajectory reference input decided inside stable region, a trajectory of COM is generated as stable walking pattern of the biped robot. Based on the stable walking pattern of the biped robot, a stable walking control method of the biped robot is proposed. From the trajectory of COM of the biped robot and trajectory reference input of the swinging leg, inverse kinematics solved by solid geometry method is used to compute the angle of joints of the biped robot. Because joint's angles reference of the biped robot are computed from the stable walking pattern of the biped robot, the walking of the biped robot is stable if the joint's angles of the biped robot are controlled to track those references. The stable walking control method of the biped robot is implemented by simple hardware using PIC18F4431 and dsPIC30F6014. The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of this control method.
The A1 adenosine receptor as a new player in microglia physiology

The purinergic system is highly involved in the regulation of microglial physiological processes. In addition to the accepted roles for the P2X4,7 and P2Y12 receptors activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate, respectively, recent evidence suggests a role for the adenosine A2A receptor in microglial cytoskeletal rearrangements. However, the expression and function of adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) in microglia is still unclear. Several reports have demonstrated possible expression of A1AR in microglia, but a new study has refuted such evidence. In this study, we investigated the presence and function of A1AR in microglia using biomolecular techniques, live microscopy, live calcium imaging, and in vivo electrophysiological approaches. The aim of this study was to clarify the expression of A1AR in microglia and to highlight its possible roles. We found that microglia express A1AR and that it is highly upregulated upon ATP treatment. Moreover, we observed that selective stimulation of A1AR inhibits the morphological activation of microglia, possibly by suppressing the Ca2+ influx induced by ATP treatment. Finally, we recorded the spontaneous and evoked activity of spinal nociceptive‐specific neuron before and after application of resting or ATP‐treated microglia, with or without preincubation with a selective A1AR agonist. We found that the microglial cells, pretreated with the A1AR agonist, exhibit lower capability to facilitate the nociceptive neurons, as compared with the cells treated with ATP alone. GLIA 2014;62:122–132
Performance Evaluation of Different Routing Protocols in a Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network

Vehicular networks have highly dynamic network topology and characterized by disruptive and intermittent connectivity. Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Network (VDTN) architecture is used to deal with these connectivity constraints. In order to handle disconnections and long delays in vehicular network scenarios, VDTN uses store-carry-and-forward approach. In this work, we evaluate the performance of three different routing protocols in a VDTN. We study the impact of transmission range and ttl on the network performance. For the simulation we have used the Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator. The performance is analyzed using three metrics: Delivery probability, Overhead ratio and Average Latency. The simulation results show that the increase of transmission range increase the delivery probability and overhead ratio and decrease the latency for three routing models. The increase of ttl from 30 to 60 min increases three performance metrics, but further increase does not effect anymore the network performance.
Diversifying Results of Top-k Querys over Bounded Regions

Existing solutions of top-k query processing require traversing over all objects in initial result set. To improve the efficiency of query processing, we map initial result set to the Euclidean space and select diversification optimal subspace using two methods according to preferential strategy. Finally, we propose top-k bounded diversification algorithm. The algorithm ensures that the results of the second query with similarity and difference. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the number of accessing to the object.
Monitoring Influenza Epidemics in China with Search Query from Baidu

Several approaches have been proposed for near real-time detection and prediction of the spread of influenza. These include search query data for influenza-related terms, which has been explored as a tool for augmenting traditional surveillance methods. In this paper, we present a method that uses Internet search query data from Baidu to model and monitor influenza activity in China. The objectives of the study are to present a comprehensive technique for: (i) keyword selection, (ii) keyword filtering, (iii) index composition and (iv) modeling and detection of influenza activity in China. Sequential time-series for the selected composite keyword index is significantly correlated with Chinese influenza case data. In addition, one-month ahead prediction of influenza cases for the first eight months of 2012 has a mean absolute percent error less than 11%. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the use of search query data from Baidu in conjunction with this approach for estimation of influenza activity in China.