Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-scale Forest Resource Dynamic Monitoring Using Worldview-2 data—A Case Study in Pingtan Island, Fujian Province, China

Due to its capacity to describe detailed information. , high spatial resolution remote sensing technology has been used increasely in forest resource dynamic monitoring, especially at large scale. Based on 0.5m resolution Worldview-2 data and 1:10000 forest stand-wise vector data, monitoring on forest resource dynamic during 2010–2011 in Pingtan Island is carried out. Object-oriented classification method was adopted. Firstly, multi-resolution segmentation was done on Worldview-2 image, which produced two levels of objects. The boundary of objects at the first level corresponded to boundary of individual polygon in the forest stand-wise data coverage. The more homogeneous objects at the second level were smaller and within the objects at the first level. Then, hierarchical supervised classification was used to classify the second-level objects. The objects were assigned to seven different thematic layers according to the attribute of land use types of forest stand-wise data, then object samples were selected for supervised classification to identify the change of objects in each layer. Changed objects larger than 0.0667hm2 were preserved and used for dynamics analysis. The classification accuracy was assessed by field survey and one-by-one visual interpretation. The result indicated that the overall accuracy was 90.85%. Forest in Pingtan Island had changed greatly during 2010–2011, area of forest increase and decrease is 2314.7817 hm2 and 1089.6508 hm2 respectively.
Impact of Regular Soap Provision to Primary Schools on Hand Washing and E. coli Hand Contamination among Pupils in Nyanza Province, Kenya: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

We assessed whether supplying soap to primary schools on a regular basis increased pupil hand washing and decreased Escherichia coli hand contamination. Multiple rounds of structured observations of hand washing events after latrine use were conducted in 60 Kenyan schools, and hand rinse samples were collected one time in a subset of schools. The proportion of pupils observed practicing hand washing with soap (HWWS) events was significantly higher in schools that received a soap provision intervention (32%) and schools that received soap and latrine cleaning materials (38%) compared with controls (3%). Girls and boys had similar hand washing rates. There were non-significant reductions in E. coli contamination among intervention school pupils compared with controls. Removing the barrier of soap procurement can significantly increase availability of soap and hand washing among pupils; however, we discuss limitations in the enabling policy and institutional environment that may have prevented reaching desired levels of HWWS.
SOUP: Advanced SDR platform for 5G communication

A lot of new concept of 5G needs to be verified with a real hardware platform. In this paper, we developed Software Universal Platform (SOUP), a flexible and powerful software-defined radio (SDR) platform that can be used to implement novel 5G communication concepts. SOUP can be combined with a general-purpose processor (GPP) system which presents programmability and flexibility. The SOUP hardware consists of a radio-frequency (RF) radio unit, which receives and transmits radio frequency signal, and a baseband processor board, which provides high-throughput, low-latency data transfer between the RF unit and the PC. With rich expansion interface, SOUP exhibits agile signal processing and expansion capability. Our latest RF unit can provide an air interface bandwidth of 100 MHz. Multiple channel system design allows the SOUP to be easily extended to MIMO system. Using SOUP, we implemented the cloud radio access network (C-RAN) prototype and wireless video transmission.
Detecting Specific Resource Use by Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Using Gut Content Analysis

Abstract Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive, highly polyphagous pest of soft-skinned fruits throughout much of the world. A better understanding of the ecology of adult flies, including their nutritional resources, is needed to advance ecologically based management approaches. In this study, we evaluate the capability of polymerase chain reaction-based gut content analysis to detect a known food resource from DNA extracted from laboratory-reared flies. Using strawberry as a focal host and available DNA primers, we validated that DNA from this host could be detected for up to 7 d post-consumption. With the development of specific primers for additional hosts, we expect that this technique will enable researchers to better understand how D. suzukii adults use, and move between, nutritional resources.
Novel Neurostimulation of Autonomic Pelvic Nerves Overcomes Bladder-Sphincter Dyssynergia

The disruption of coordination between smooth muscle contraction in the bladder and the relaxation of the external urethral sphincter (EUS) striated muscle is a common issue in dysfunctional bladders. It is a significant challenge to overcome for neuromodulation approaches to restore bladder control. Bladder-sphincter dyssynergia leads to undesirably high bladder pressures, and poor voiding outcomes, which can pose life-threatening secondary complications. Mixed pelvic nerves are potential peripheral targets for stimulation to treat dysfunctional bladders, but typical electrical stimulation of pelvic nerves activates both the parasympathetic efferent pathway to excite the bladder, as well as the sensory afferent pathway that causes unwanted sphincter contractions. Thus, a novel pelvic nerve stimulation paradigm is required. In anesthetized female rats, we combined a low frequency (10 Hz) stimulation to evoke bladder contraction, and a more proximal 20 kHz stimulation of the pelvic nerve to block afferent activation, in order to produce micturition with reduced bladder-sphincter dyssynergia. Increasing the phase width of low frequency stimulation from 150 to 300 μs alone was able to improve voiding outcome significantly. However, low frequency stimulation of pelvic nerves alone evoked short latency (19.9–20.5 ms) dyssynergic EUS responses, which were abolished with a non-reversible proximal central pelvic nerve cut. We demonstrated that a proximal 20 kHz stimulation of pelvic nerves generated brief onset effects at lower current amplitudes, and was able to either partially or fully block the short latency EUS responses depending on the ratio of the blocking to stimulation current. Our results indicate that ratios >10 increased the efficacy of blocking EUS contractions. Importantly, we also demonstrated for the first time that this combined low and high frequency stimulation approach produced graded control of the bladder, while reversibly blocking afferent signals that elicited dyssynergic EUS contractions, thus improving voiding by 40.5 ± 12.3%. Our findings support advancing pelvic nerves as a suitable neuromodulation target for treating bladder dysfunction, and demonstrate the feasibility of an alternative method to non-reversible nerve transection and sub-optimal intermittent stimulation methods to reduce dyssynergia.
Optimum design of an envelope tracking buck converter for RFPA using GaN HEMTs

In this paper, filter design methodology and application of GaN HEMTs for high efficiency Envelope Amplifier in RF transmitters are proposed. The main objectives of the filter design are generation of the envelope reference with the minimum possible distortion and high efficiency of the amplifier obtained by the optimum trade-off between conduction and switching losses. This optimum point was determined using power losses model for synchronous buck with sinusoidal output voltage and experimental results showed good correspondence with the model and verified the proposed methodology. On the other hand, comparing to Si MOSFETs, GaN HEMTs can provide higher efficiency of the envelope amplifier, due to superior conductivity and switching characteristics. Experimental results verified benefits of GaN devices comparing to the appliance of Si switching devices with very good Figure Of Merit, for this particular application.
Biomarkers in Lung Diseases : From Pathogenesis to Prediction to New Therapies Mast cells and exosomes in hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung disease

A. Veerappan,* M. Thompson,* A. R. Savage,* M. L. Silverman, W. S. Chan, B. Sung, B. Summers, K. C. Montelione, P. Benedict, B. Groh, A. G. Vicencio, H. Peinado, S. Worgall, and R. B. Silver Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
Comparison of EEG and MEG in source localization of induced human gamma-band oscillations during visual stimulus

High frequency gamma oscillations are indications of information processing in cortical neuronal networks. Recently, non-invasive detection of these oscillations have become one of the main research areas in magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) studies. The aim of this study, which is a continuation of our previous MEG study, is to compare the capability of the two modalities (EEG and MEG) in localizing the source of the induced gamma activity due to a visual stimulus, using a spatial filtering technique known as dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS). To do this, the brain activity was recorded using simultaneous MEG and EEG measurement and the data were analyzed with respect to time, frequency, and location of the strongest response. The spherical head modeling technique, such as, the three-shell concentric spheres and an overlapping sphere (local sphere) have been used as a forward model to calculate the external electromagnetic potentials and fields recorded by the EEG and MEG, respectively. Our results from the time-frequency analysis, at the sensor level, revealed that the parieto-occipital electrodes and sensors from both modalities showed a clear and sustained gamma-band activity throughout the post-stimulus duration and that both modalities showed similar strongest gamma-band peaks. It was difficult to interpret the spatial pattern of the gamma-band oscillatory response on the scalp, at the sensor level, for both modalities. However, the source analysis result revealed that MEG3 sensor type, which measure the derivative along the longitude, showed the source more focally and close to the visual cortex (cuneus) as compared to that of the EEG.
Perspectives From Family Caregivers of Persons With Spinal Cord Injury in Hospital Versus Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE The study aims to assess differences in family preferences for involvement in the ongoing care of a hospitalized family member with spinal cord injury based on whether the patient was hospitalized for initial rehabilitation (Group R) or hospitalized to treat secondary complications (Group C). DESIGN Explorative cross-sectional design. METHOD Family members rated the importance and experience of involvement on five subscales of the Patient Participation in Rehabilitation Questionnaire. Differences among the importance and experience scores between the groups were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test. FINDINGS Group C scored the importance to be involved significantly higher than Group R (M = 3.17 vs. M = 4.04, p =.01). No other significant differences between groups were detected. CONCLUSION Family members of patients hospitalized for secondary complications want greater involvement in care compared to those hospitalized for rehabilitation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicate the need for tailored interventions using a family-centered approach and ongoing needs assessment.
Estimation Terrestrial Net Primary Productivity Based on CASA Model: a Case Study in Minnan Urban Agglomeration, China

Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is a key component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. The research of net primary productivity will help in understanding the amount of carbon fixed by terrestrial vegetation and its influencing factors. Model simulation is considered as a cost-effective and time-efficient method for the estimation of regional and global NPP. In the paper, a terrestrial biosphere model, CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach), was applied to estimate monthly NPP in Minnan urban agglomeration (i.e. Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou cities) of Fujian province, China, in 2009 and 2010, by incorporating satellite observation of SPOT Vegetation NDVI data together with other climatic parameters and landuse map. The model estimates average annual terrestrial NPP of Minnan area as 16.3 million Mg C. NPP decreased from southwest to the northeast. The higher NPP values exceeding 720 gC·m− 2·a −1 showed in North Zhangzhou city and lower values under 500 gC·m− 2·a −1 showed in the some areas of northeast Quanzhou city. Seasonal variations of NPP were large. It was about 45% of the total annual NPP in the three months in summer, and the NPP values were very low in winter. From 2009 to 2010, the value of annual NPP showed a slightly decrease trend, approximately 7.8% because the annual temperature for 2010 decline 13.6% compared with 2009 in despite of an increase in rainfall of about 34.3%. The results indicate that temperature was a main limiting factor on vegetation growth, but water is not a limiting factor in the rainy area.
The LDB1 complex co-opts CTCF for erythroid lineage specific long-range enhancer interactions

Lineage-specific transcription factors are critical for long-range enhancer interactions but direct or indirect contributions of architectural proteins such as CTCF to enhancer function remain less clear. The LDB1 complex mediates enhancer-gene interactions at the β-globin locus through LDB1 self-interaction. We find that a novel LDB1-bound enhancer upstream of carbonic anhydrase 2 (Car2) activates its expression by interacting directly with CTCF at the gene promoter. Both LDB1 and CTCF are required for enhancer-Car2 looping and the domain of LDB1 contacted by CTCF is necessary to rescue Car2 transcription in LDB1 deficient cells. Genome wide studies and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing indicate that LDB1-CTCF enhancer looping underlies activation of a substantial fraction of erythroid genes. Our results provide a mechanism by which long-range interactions of architectural protein CTCF can be tailored to achieve a tissue-restricted pattern of chromatin loops and gene expression.
Diversity in Secondary Metabolites Including Mycotoxins from Strains of Aspergillus Section Nigri Isolated from Raw Cashew Nuts from Benin, West Africa

In a previous study, raw cashew kernels were assayed for the fungal contamination focusing on strains belonging to the genus Aspergillus and on aflatoxins producers. These samples showed high contamination with Aspergillus section Nigri species and absence of aflatoxins. To investigate the diversity of secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins, the species of A. section Nigri may produce and thus threaten to contaminate the raw cashew kernels, 150 strains were isolated from cashew samples and assayed for their production of secondary metabolites using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Seven species of black Aspergilli were isolated based on morphological and chemical identification: A. tubingensis (44%), A. niger (32%), A. brasiliensis (10%), A. carbonarius (8.7%), A. luchuensis (2.7%), A. aculeatus (2%) and A. aculeatinus (0.7%). From these, 45 metabolites and their isomers were identified. Aurasperone and pyranonigrin A, produced by all species excluding A. aculeatus and A. aculeatinus, were most prevalent and were encountered in 146 (97.3%) and 145 (95.7%) isolates, respectively. Three mycotoxins groups were detected: fumonisins (B2 and B4) (2.7%) ochratoxin A (13.3%), and secalonic acids (2%), indicating that these mycotoxins could occur in raw cashew nuts. Thirty strains of black Aspergilli were randomly sampled for verification of species identity based on sequences of β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Among them, 27 isolates were positive to the primers used and 11 were identified as A. niger, 7 as A. tubingensis, 6 as A. carbonarius, 2 as A. luchuensis and 1 as A. welwitschiae confirming the species names as based on morphology and chemical features. These strains clustered in 5 clades in A. section Nigri. Chemical profile clustering also showed also 5 groups confirming the species specific metabolites production.
Delineation of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders in a Developing Country Setting

Background We examined whether acute transient psychoses can be distinguished from schizophrenia and the affective disorders. Method We studied 46 cases of nonaffective acute psychosis in the Chandigarh Acute Psychosis Study. With respect to separation from schizophrenia, we examined the distribution of duration of the episode. With respect to separation from affective disorders, we assessed the frequency of affective symptoms. Results Duration was bimodal, suggesting the presence of two distinct conditions of short and long duration. Affective symptoms were minimal, suggesting that these were not atypical affective syndromes. Conclusions Acute transient psychoses conform neither with schizophrenia of brief duration nor with atypical affective psychosis, and thus require separate classification as proposed in the ICD–10.
A CONNEXIONIST APPROACH FOR CASE BASED REASONING

Case Based Learning is an approach to automatic learning and reasoning based on the use of the knowledge gained in past experiences to solve new problems. To suggest a solution for a new problem it is necessary to search for similar problems in the base of problems for which we know their solutions. After selecting one or more similar problems their solutions are used to elaborate a suggested solution for the new problem. Associative memories recover patterns based on their similarity with a new input pattern. This behaviour made them useful to store the base of cases of a Case Based Reasoning system. In this paper we analyze the use of a special model of associative memory named CCLAM (Bailón et al., 2002) with this objective. To test the potentiality of the tool we will discuss its use in a particular application: the detection of the “health” of a company.
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Indian Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement Under Spinal Anesthesia

Introduction: Total knee replacement is a common surgical procedure in the elderly. The number of surgeries has increased owing to the increasing life expectancy of the population and better functional outcomes postsurgery. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an identified entity postsurgery in elderly but most of the studies have been on patients undergoing cardiac and other nonorthopaedic surgeries. The studies have shown variable incidence due to selection bias. We studied the incidence and probable predictive factors of POCD in elderly Indian population undergoing total knee replacement under spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods: We designed a prospective, observational study at a single center including patients above 60 years of age undergoing total knee replacement under spinal anesthesia. Preoperative mini-mental scale examination, electrolytes, urea and creatinine levels were recorded. Postoperatively, mini mental scale evaluation (MMSE) was done 2 days postsurgery, at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year follow-up. Laboratory values postoperatively were recorded. Results: The average preoperative MMSE was 27 and declined to 25.4 on second postoperative day the value increased to 25.9, 26.6, and 27 at 3 months, 6 months, and 1-year follow-up, respectively. Sixty-three out of 600 patients developed POCD at second postoperative day. Forty-three patients showed recovery in subsequent visits and 20 patients had persistent dysfunction at the end of 1 year. Electrolyte imbalance, oxygen saturation, and age over 80 years were factors that showed statistically significant difference in multiple comparison analysis. Conclusion: In our study, we have found POCD to be a definitive entity which can cause short- and long-term cognitive defect in elderly Indian population undergoing total knee replacement and electrolyte imbalance, age, and oxygen saturation were the significant factors in the patients who developed POCD.
1 The association of dietary patterns with high-risk 2 human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer : 3 a cross-sectional study in Italy 4

Specific foods and nutrients help prevent the progression from persistent high-risk human 12 papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection to cervical cancer (CC). We aimed to focus on dietary patterns 13 which may be associated with hrHPV status and risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 14 (CIN2+). Overall, 539 eligible women, including 127 CIN2+, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study, 15 and tested for hrHPV infection. Food intakes were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. 16 Logistic regression models were applied. Using the Mediterranean Diet Score, we demonstrated 17 that, among 252 women with normal cervical epithelium, medium adherence to Mediterranean diet 18 decreased odds of hrHPV infection when compared to low adherence (adjOR=0.40, 95%CI=0.2219 0.73). Using principle component analysis, we also identified two dietary patterns which explained 20 14.31% of variance. Women in the 3rd and 4th quartiles of the “western pattern” had higher odds of 21 hrHPV infection when compared with 1st quartile (adjOR=1.77, 95%CI=1.04-3.54 and adjOR=1.97, 22 95%CI=1.14-4.18, respectively). Adjusting for hrHPV status and age, women in the 3rd quartile of the 23 “prudent pattern” had lower odds of CIN2+ when compared with 1st quartile (OR=0.50, 95%CI=0.2624 0.98). Our study is the first to demonstrate the association of dietary patterns with hrHPV infection 25 and CC, discouraging unhealthy habits in favour of Mediterranean-like diet. 26
Design patterns impact on software quality: Where are the theories?

Software engineers are creators of habits. During software development, they follow again and again the same patterns when architecting, designing and implementing programs. Alexander introduced such patterns in architecture in 1974 and, 20 years later, they made their way in software development thanks to the work of Gamma et al. Software design patterns were promoted to make the design of programs more "flexible, modular, reusable, and understandable". However, ten years later, these patterns, their roles, and their impact on software quality were not fully understood. We then set out to study the impact of design patterns on different quality attributes and published a paper entitled "Do Design Patterns Impact Software Quality Positively? " in the proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR) in 2008. Ten years later, this paper received the Most Influential Paper award at the 25th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER) in 2018. In this retrospective paper for the award, we report and reflect on our and others' studies on the impact of design patterns, discussing some key findings reported about design patterns. We also take a step back from these studies and re-examine the role that design patterns should play in software development. Finally, we outline some avenues for future research work on design patterns, e.g., the identification of the patterns really used by developers, the theories explaining the impact of patterns, or their use to raise the abstraction level of programming languages.