Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Filamentation in Lasers with High Fresnel Numbers

The theory of turbulent photon filamentation in lasers with high Fresnel numbers is presented. A survey of experimental observations of turbulent filamentation is given. Theoretical description is based on the method of eliminating field variables, which yields the pseudospin laser equations. These are treated by the scale separation approach, including the randomization of local fields and the method of stochastic averaging. The initial, as well as the transient and final stages of radiation dynamics are carefully analysed. The characteristics of photon filaments are obtained by involving the probabilistic approach to pattern selection.
Anti-Anti-Cartesianism: Reply to Suart Shanker

There have been many criticisms of “nativism” in “Cartesian linguistics,” attacking positions that neither Chomsky nor any well-known generative grammarian has ever thought to defend. Shanker's polemic is no exception. It involves two spurious claims: (1) Cartesian linguistics (hypothesizing universal, grammar-specific principles that structure any language acquired through usual interaction with the learner's community) vitiates understanding language structure and use; (2) nativism permits linguistic anthropology only to “validate” and “apply” (wrong-headed) generative principles. Briefly, Chomsky's (2000) outlines a language system, LS, of the human brain. LS reflexively discriminates and categorizes parts of the flux of human experience as “language,” and develops complex abilities to infer and interpret this highly structured, and structurally peculiar, type of human production. There is nothing intrinsically different about LS – concerning innateness, evolution or universality – than the visual system (VS), immune system (IS), respiratory system (RS), or any other complex biological system. Much polemic is driven by distaste for “innateness,” “genes,” and “evolution. ” Historical and ideological reasons explain this aversion - some well-justified. None bear on universal grammar. Biologists believe all life consists of universal, highly structured codings of biological information (DNA, proteins, genes, cells). Still, biologists go on to explore diversity at many different levels (bacteria, species, individuals, phyla). Similarly, linguistic anthropology can use generative grammar to better comprehend the diversity of languages and the cultural worlds they describe. This includes the very issues about proper names that Shanker highlights.
Optimal Load Distribution for Thermal Power Units Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

The optimal load distribution for thermal power units can bring considerable economic benefits, and has become one of the hot topics all over the world. Genetic Algorithms has been used to optimize the load distribution for thermal power units, and achieved certain results, because of its special advantage. In order to accelerate optimization speed, improve computing accuracy, and avoid converging too early, the traditional genetic algorithm has been improved in these aspects such as the encoding, population size, selection operator, cross and mutation probability in this paper. When this algorithm is used in four 600MW condensing steam turbines, optimize distribution program based on improved genetic algorithm can be obtained. The result of numerical example shows that there is great energy saving potential.
Group Psychotherapy as a Neural Exercise: Bridging Polyvagal Theory and Attachment Theory

ABSTRACT Attachment theory has expanded from a theory of child development into a more complex and clinically relevant psychotherapy model for adults. Polyvagal theory (Porges, 1995, 2007, 2011), with its innovative and paradigm-shifting perspectives on the evolution and development of the neural circuits underlying co-regulation via spontaneous social engagement behaviors, provides a corresponding perspective of the neural mechanisms through which attachment theory can be applied to the practice of group psychotherapy. The group, informed by polyvagal theory, functions as an ideal “neural exercise” to promote the biobehavioral adjustments of several psychosocial processes that are associated with attachment styles, emotion regulation, stress reactivity, and social relationships. The current article will present clinical examples of how a well-managed therapy group can provide opportunities for exercising the relevant neural pathways involved in social engagement behaviors. We will demonstrate how the synchronous interaction between physiological and emotional state regulation can reciprocally and prospectively have positive impact on group members and lead to more optimal social behavior both in and out of the therapy group.
Dynamics of automorphisms on projective complex manifolds

We show that the dynamics of automorphisms on all projective complex manifolds X (of dimension 3, or of any dimension but assuming the Good Minimal Model Program or Mori's Program) are canonically built up from the dynamics on just three types of projective complex manifolds: complex tori, weak Calabi-Yau manifolds and rationally connected manifolds. As a by-product, we confirm the conjecture of Guedj for automorphisms on 3-dimensional projective manifolds, and also determine pi_1(X).
Dynamic User Equilibrium in the Morning Peak Period

This paper formulates a dynamic user equilibria model that incorporates the traffic congestion based on the flow-density fundamental diagram. By using Greenshieldpsilas speed-density relationship, we derive the analytical solution, which is different with not only the traditional static BPR function but also the classical bottleneck model result. In the free regime, the equilibrium cost is a power function of the total demand, which is more similar to the BPR function. While in the congested regime, the equilibrium cost is a monotonic increasing linear function of the total demand and larger than bottleneck model equilibrium cost.
Algorithm xxx : APPSPACK 4 . 0 : Parallel Pattern Search for Derivative-Free Optimization

APPSPACK is software for solving unconstrained and bound constrained optimization problems. It implements an asynchronous parallel pattern search method that has been specifically designed for problems characterized by expensive function evaluations. Using APPSPACK to solve optimization problems has several advantages: No derivative information is needed; the procedure for evaluating the objective function can be executed via a separate program or script; the code can be run in serial or parallel, regardless of whether or not the function evaluation itself is parallel; and the software is freely available. We describe the underlying algorithm, data structures, and features of APPSPACK version 4.0 as well as how to use and customize the software.
Development of Remote Monitoring Cardiac Patients System Based on GPRS

Nowadays, the electrocardiograph (ECG) is certainly the most effective tool to identity anomalies in the cardiac activity. In this paper, we propose a remote medical monitoring system for ECG data. The system is composed of two parts, which are portable remote medical monitoring unit and the monitoring center. The portable remote medical monitoring unit consists of Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) with the embedded operating system, a custom ECG board, and a GPRS module capable of transmitting information to processing centers. The monitoring center is composed of the monitoring station and the information processing system which realizes information management, real-time analysis, wireless transmission, a warning mechanism for emergency and ECG diagnosis. The aim of this project is to provide an ECG medical monitoring for the user (patient or potential patient) at any time and any place, if there is any abnormal change of ECG data.
The structure of brown dwarf circumstellar discs

We present synthetic spectra for circumstellar discs that are heated by radiation from a central brown dwarf. Under the assumption of vertical hydrostatic equilibrium, our models yield scaleheights for brown dwarf discs in excess of three times those derived for classical T Tauri (CTTS) discs. If the near-IR excess emission observed from brown dwarfs is indeed due to circumstellar discs, then the large scaleheights we find could have a significant impact on the optical and near-IR detectability of such systems. Our radiation transfer calculations show that such highly flared discs around brown dwarfs will result in a large fraction of obscured sources due to extinction of direct starlight by the disc over a wide range of sightlines. The obscured fraction for a ‘typical’ CTTS is less than 20 per cent. We show that the obscured fraction for brown dwarfs may be double that for CTTS, but this depends on stellar and disc mass. We also comment on possible confusion in identifying brown dwarfs via colour‐magnitude diagrams: edge-on CTTS display similar colours and magnitudes to face-on brown dwarf plus disc systems.
Acceleration of random-walk-based linear circuit analysis using importance sampling

This paper proposes an importance sampling (IS) technique based on quasi-zero-variance estimation for accelerating convergence of random-walk-based power grid analysis. In our approach, the alternative probability for IS is incrementally updated after every <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> samples of random walk so that more recent and thus more accurate node voltages are utilized to asymptotically achieve ideal zero-variance estimation. We also propose a method to determine efficient <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> for the <i>r</i>-th probability update; although smaller <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> results more aggressive update of alternative probability, the alternative probability becomes inaccurate if <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> is too small. The estimation error of the proposed method decreases <i>O</i>((<i>M</i>/<i>r</i>)<sup>-<i>r</i>/2</sup>), which breaks <i>O</i>(<i>M</i><sup>-1/2</sup>), the slow convergence-rate barrier of normal Monte Carlo analysis. Our trial implementation achieved 790x speedup compared with a conventional random-walk-based circuit analysis for analyzing IBM power grid benchmark circuits at 1mV accuracy.
Temperature- and pH-Sensitive Nanohydrogels of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Food Packaging Applications: Modelling the Swelling-Collapse Behaviour

Temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) nanohydrogels were synthesized by nanoemulsion polymerization in water-in-oil systems. Several cross-linking degrees and the incorporation of acrylic acid as comonomer at different concentrations were tested to produce nanohydrogels with a wide range of properties. The physicochemical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels, and their relationship with the swelling-collapse behaviour, were studied to evaluate the suitability of PNIPA nanoparticles as smart delivery systems (for active packaging). The swelling-collapse transition was analyzed by the change in the optical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the nanohydrogels collapse were calculated using a mathematical approach based on the van't Hoff analysis, assuming a two-state equilibrium (swollen to collapsed). A mathematical model is proposed to predict both the thermally induced collapse, and the collapse induced by the simultaneous action of two factors (temperature and pH, or temperature and organic solvent concentration). Finally, van't Hoff analysis was compared with differential scanning calorimetry. The results obtained allow us to solve the problem of determining the molecular weight of the structural repeating unit in cross-linked NIPA polymers, which, as we show, can be estimated from the ratio of the molar heat capacity (obtained from the van't Hoff analysis) to the specific heat capacity (obtained from calorimetric measurements).
Rational surfaces and canonical dimension of PGL_6

The "canonical dimension" of an algebraic group over a field by definition is the maximum of the canonical dimensions of principal homogenous spaces under that group. Over a field of characteristic zero, we prove that the canonical dimension of the projective linear group PGL_6 is 3. We give two distinct proofs, both of which rely on the birational classification of rational surfaces over a nonclosed field. One of the proofs involves taking a novel look at del Pezzo surfaces of degree 6.
Evolution of a Bitter Taste Receptor Gene Cluster in a New World Sparrow

Bitter taste perception likely evolved as a protective mechanism against the ingestion of harmful compounds in food. The evolution of the taste receptor type 2 (TAS2R) gene family, which encodes the chemoreceptors that are directly responsible for the detection of bitter compounds, has therefore been of considerable interest. Though TAS2R repertoires have been characterized for a number of species, to date the complement of TAS2Rs from just one bird, the chicken, which had a notably small number of TAS2Rs, has been established. Here, we used targeted mapping and genomic sequencing in the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) and sample sequencing in other closely related birds to reconstruct the history of a TAS2R gene cluster physically linked to the break points of an evolutionary chromosomal rearrangement. In the white-throated sparrow, this TAS2R cluster encodes up to 18 functional bitter taste receptors and likely underwent a large expansion that predates and/or coincides with the radiation of the Emberizinae subfamily into the New World. In addition to signatures of gene birth-and-death evolution within this cluster, estimates of Ka/Ks for the songbird TAS2Rs were similar to those previously observed in mammals, including humans. Finally, comparison of the complete genomic sequence of the cluster from two common haplotypes in the white-throated sparrow revealed a number of nonsynonymous variants and differences in functional gene content within this species. These results suggest that interspecies and intraspecies genetic variability does exist in avian TAS2Rs and that these differences could contribute to variation in bitter taste perception in birds.
1 . 6 bit / s / Hz orthogonally polarized CSRZ-DQPSK transmission of 8 40 Gbit / s over 320 km NDSF

We report experimental results of 1.6 bit/s/Hz, 8 40 Gbit/s OP-CSRZ-DQPSK transmission over 320 km NDSF and demonstration of an 8-fold extension in 40 Gbit/s chromatic dispersion tolerance and a doubling of 40 Gbit/s PMD tolerance without any adjustable compensator. 2004 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (060.2310) Fiber optics; (060.4510) Optical communications
Practice and Place: Making Sense of Banter in a Butcher's Shop in Wolverhampton

Whitten Traditional Butchers’ is the sign that greets you as you visit John Whitten at his workplace, a butcher’s in the suburb of Tettenhall, Wolverhampton. His butcher’s shop is small, but welcoming; a space of about four square metres, lined with shelves of sauces and seasonings, greets customers as they enter through the Dutch door. The large display cabinet of meat, with John’s friendly figure stood behind it, is the unavoidable view that meets customers in the shop. The butcher’s is also home to a meat display behind the window, a walk-in fridge and a preparation room in the back of the shop. The shop is cold, smelling mildly of meat, and is filled with the sound of John’s welcoming voice, whether he is talking to customers or to his assistant. Following a period during which John had sold the shop to his friend and briefly gave up butchery, he has recently retaken ownership. The butcher’s is situated between a small pharmacy on one side and a cobbler and dry cleaner’s on the other. The street is in what many would describe as the centre of Tettenhall. John believes that Tettenhall is an ‘in-between place’; it used to be a village, but unlike many other villages that got disconnected as cities expanded, Tettenhall remained connected to Wolverhampton as it grew. As a result, John says he serves a plethora of customers. In most cases, however, they fall into two categories: older customers who want to talk, and younger families. I chose a butcher’s as a place to carry out ethnographic fieldwork because I have always been interested in vegetarianism and attitudes towards meat. I originally thought observing a person that has dedicated their life to providing meat for human consumption would be the best way to study this. Being a friend of my Father’s and having been our family butcher for some time, convincing John to allow me to carry out my research in his shop was not difficult, and was helped too by his generous and friendly personality.
An Integral Equation Formulation for TM Scattering by a Conducting Cylinder Coated with an Inhomogeneous Dielectric/Magnetic Material

A volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) formulation is developed for determining the electromagnetic TM scattering by a two-dimensional conducting cylinder coated with an inhomogeneous dielectric/magnetic material. The electric fleld integral equations (EFIEs) are utilized to derive the VSIE. The surface EFIE is applied to the conducting surface, while the volume EFIE is applied to the coating region. By employing the surface and equivalence principles, the problem is reduced into a set of coupled integral equations in terms of equivalent electric and magnetic currents radiating into unbounded space. The moment method is used to solve the integral equations. Numerical results for the bistatic radar cross section for difierent structures are presented. The well-known exact series-solution for a conducting circular cylinder coated with multilayers of homogeneous materials is used along with the available published data to validate the results. The in∞uence of using coatings with double-positive (DPS) and/or double-negative (DNG) materials on the radar cross section is investigated.
Evaluating Arabic Text-to-Speech synthesizers for mobile phones

Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesizers are useful tools for the visually impaired people. However, current TTS synthesizers are lacking in several aspects. Different factors of TTS synthesizers can be evaluated for the use in specific applications. As part of an undergoing project for building an Arabic navigation system for the blind, we need to choose the best Arabic TTS to be used within the system. For that purpose, we conducted an evaluation of five Arabic TTS synthesizers for mobile devices, namely VoiceOver, Uspeech, Acapela, Adel, and SVOX. First, we evaluated their intelligibility and naturalness using the modified Mean Opinion Score (MOS) scale with visually impaired subjects. The results showed the subjects' biasness to VoiceOver and Acapela since they are familiar with. Due to the biasness of the MOS test results, we performed another evaluation, namely Semantically Unpredictable Sentences (SUS) test, to evaluate the intelligibility of the systems. Our results show that Adel has the highest score among otherTTS while Acapela has the lowest score.
Retinal Vessel Oxygen Saturation during 100% Oxygen Breathing in Healthy Individuals

Purpose To detect how systemic hyperoxia affects oxygen saturation in retinal arterioles and venules in healthy individuals. Methods Retinal vessel oxygen saturation was measured in 30 healthy individuals with a spectrophotometric retinal oximeter (Oxymap T1). Oximetry was performed during breathing of room air, 100% oxygen (10 minutes, 6L/min) and then again room air (10 minutes recovery). Results Mean oxygen saturation rises modestly in retinal arterioles during 100% oxygen breathing (94.5%±3.8 vs. 92.0%±3.7% at baseline, p<0.0001) and dramatically in retinal venules (76.2%±8.0% vs. 51.3%±5.6%, p<0.0001). The arteriovenous difference decreased during 100% oxygen breathing (18.3%±9.0% vs. 40.7%±5.7%, p<0.0001). The mean diameter of arterioles decreased during 100% oxygen breathing compared to baseline (9.7±1.4 pixels vs. 10.3±1.3 pixels, p<0.0001) and the same applies to the mean venular diameter (11.4±1.2 pixels vs. 13.3±1.5 pixels, p<0.0001). Conclusions Breathing 100% oxygen increases oxygen saturation in retinal arterioles and more so in venules and constricts them compared to baseline levels. The dramatic increase in oxygen saturation in venules reflects oxygen flow from the choroid and the unusual vascular anatomy and oxygen physiology of the eye.
Distinct Requirements for Evoked and Spontaneous Release of Neurotransmitter Are Revealed by Mutations in theDrosophila Gene neuronal-synaptobrevin

Two modes of vesicular release of transmitter occur at a synapse: spontaneous release in the absence of a stimulus and evoked release that is triggered by Ca2+ influx. These modes often have been presumed to represent the same exocytotic apparatus functioning at different rates in different Ca2+concentrations. To investigate the mechanism of transmitter release, we have examined the role of synaptobrevin/VAMP, a protein involved in vesicular docking and/or fusion. We generated a series of mutations, including null mutations, in neuronal-synaptobrevin(n-syb), the neuronally expressed synaptobrevin gene inDrosophila. Mutant embryos completely lackingn-syb form morphologically normal neuromuscular junctions. Electrophysiological recordings from the neuromuscular junction of these mutants reveal that the excitatory synaptic current evoked by stimulation of the motor neuron is abolished entirely. However, spontaneous release of quanta from these terminals persists, although its rate is reduced by 75%. Thus, at least a portion of the spontaneous “minis” that are seen at the synapse can be generated by a protein complex that is distinct from that required for an evoked synaptic response.
Complex networks: A mixture of power-law and Weibull distributions

Complex networks have recently aroused a lot of interest. However, network edges are considered to be the same in almost all these studies. In this paper, we present a simple classification method, which divides the edges of undirected, unweighted networks into two types: p2c and p2p. The p2c edge represents a hierarchical relationship between two nodes, while the p2p edge represents an equal relationship between two nodes. It is surprising and unexpected that for many real-world networks from a wide variety of domains (including computer science, transportation, biology, engineering and social science etc), the p2c degree distribution follows a power law more strictly than the total degree distribution, while the p2p degree distribution follows the Weibull distribution very well. Thus, the total degree distribution can be seen as a mixture of power-law and Weibull distributions. More surprisingly, it is found that in many cases, the total degree distribution can be better described by the Weibull distribution, rather than a power law as previously suggested. By comparing two topology models, we think that the origin of the Weibull distribution in complex networks might be a mixture of both preferential and random attachments when networks evolve.