Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-limited escape revised

Gas planets in close proximity to their host stars experience photoevaporative mass loss. The energy-limited escape concept is generally used to derive estimates for the planetary mass-loss rates. Our photoionization hydrodynamics simulations of the thermospheres of hot gas planets show that the energy-limited escape concept is valid only for planets with a gravitational potential lower than $\log_\mathrm{10}\left( -\Phi_{\mathrm{G}}\right) < 13.11~$erg$\,$g$^{-1}$ because in these planets the radiative energy input is efficiently used to drive the planetary wind. Massive and compact planets with $\log_\mathrm{10}\left( -\Phi_{\mathrm{G}}\right) \gtrsim 13.6~$erg$\,$g$^{-1}$ exhibit more tightly bound atmospheres in which the complete radiative energy input is re-emitted through hydrogen Ly$\alpha$ and free-free emission. These planets therefore host hydrodynamically stable thermospheres. Between these two extremes the strength of the planetary winds rapidly declines as a result of a decreasing heating efficiency. Small planets undergo enhanced evaporation because they host expanded atmospheres that expose a larger surface to the stellar irradiation. We present scaling laws for the heating efficiency and the expansion radius that depend on the gravitational potential and irradiation level of the planet. The resulting revised energy-limited escape concept can be used to derive estimates for the mass-loss rates of super-Earth-sized planets as well as massive hot Jupiters with hydrogen-dominated atmospheres.
Quantum database search can do without sorting

Sorting is a fundamental computational process that facilitates subsequent searching of a database. It can be thought of as factorization of the search process. The location of a desired item in a sorted database can be found by classical queries that inspect one letter of the label at a time. For an unsorted database, no such classical quick search algorithm is available. If the database permits quantum queries, however, then mere digitization is sufficient for efficient search. Sorting becomes redundant with the quantum superposition of states. A quantum algorithm is written down that locates the desired item in an unsorted database a factor of two faster than the best classical algorithm can in a sorted database. This algorithm has close resemblance to the assembly process in DNA replication.
Effects of a Cognitive Stimulation Program in Institutionalized Patients with Dementia

Background: The advances achieved by the available research that focus on understanding memory operation and cognitive functions have helped the development of specific treatment approaches. These can help to maintain or improve the cognitive function and well-being of people with dementia. The use of cognitive stimulation in dementia has a long history. There are multiple studies that have demonstrated its benefits on the cognitive levels of patients with mild to moderate dementia. However, all of the studies on this type of non-pharmacological intervention conclude that there is a need for more clinical trials in order to give more solidity to the evidence already found. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the effects of an occupational therapy cognitive training program on the cognitive function of institutionalized older adults with dementia. Methods: The study was a pilot randomized clinical controlled trial. A total of 58 participants with major neurocognitive disorder or dementia were randomized to the occupational therapy cognitive training program group or to the conventional occupational therapy group twice a week for 5 weeks. The cognitive level was measured with the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and the Lobo’s Cognitive Mini Test (LCMT), which is the Mini-Mental Status Examination in Spanish. Measures were taken at baseline (week 0), after 5 weeks of treatment (week 5), and after 6 weeks of follow up (week 12). A value of p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There were no statistical differences between groups in the LCMT global scores at baseline or after the intervention at week 5. However, the analysis of the specific cognitive areas assessed in the Lobo’s Cognitive Mini Test indicated that that the intervention group significantly improved comprehension of verbal commands and praxis (p = 0.021). At the follow-up measure, the differences obtained in relation to verbal commands and praxis maintained the statistical differences significantly (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Occupational therapy based on cognitive training shows positive effects on the maintenance of the global cognitive state of institutionalized older adults with dementia and improves significantly the comprehension of verbal commands and praxis.
Quantum Gravity effect on the Quark-Gluon Plasma

The Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), which has been predicted by various theories of quantum gravity near the Planck scale is implemented on deriving the thermodynamics of ideal Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) consisting of two massless quark flavors at the hadron-QGP phase equilibrium and at a vanishing chemical potential. The effective degrees of freedom and MIT bag pressure are utilized to distinguish between the hadronic and partonic phases. We find that GUP makes a non-negligible contribution to all thermodynamic quantities, especially at high temperatures. The asymptotic behavior of corresponding QGP thermodynamic quantities characterized by the Stephan-Boltzmann limit would be approached, when the GUP approach is taken into consideration.
Deconfinement in matrix models about the Gross-Witten point

We study the deconfining phase transition in $SU(N)$ gauge theories at nonzero temperature using a matrix model of Polyakov loops. The most general effective action, including all terms up to two spatial derivatives, is presented. At large $N$, the action is dominated by the loop potential: following Aharony et al., we show how the Gross-Witten model represents an ultracritical point in this potential. Although masses vanish at the Gross-Witten point, the transition is of first order, as the fundamental loop jumps only halfway to its perturbative value. Comparing numerical analysis of the $N=3$ matrix model to lattice simulations, for three colors the deconfining transition appears to be near the Gross-Witten point. To see if this persists for $N\ensuremath{\ge}4$, we suggest measuring within a window $\ensuremath{\sim}1/{N}^{2}$ of the transition temperature.
Non-Linear Dynamic Movements of CNT/Graphene/Aluminum Oxide and Copper/Silver/Cobalt Ferrite Solid Particles in a Magnetized and Suction-Based Internally Heated Surface: Sensitivity and Response Surface Optimization

Hybrid nanofluids combine two or more nano properties with a base fluid such as water ethylene. Usually, this helps enhance the heat transfer rate; in this article, using new similarity transformations created by Lie group analysis, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of connected nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The resulting design is numerically solved using a BVP4C solver with the shooting method (MATLAB). The magneto hydrodynamic flow of an incompressible fluid and the rate of heat and mass transfer were investigated for two cases, with various nanoparticle shapes including cylindrical, spherical, and platelet. Case 1 was CNT (1%), graphene (1%), and aluminum oxide (1%), and Case 2 was copper (1%), silver (1%), and cobalt ferrite (1%). When the Hartmann number rises, velocity and temperature exhibit inverse behavior: the velocity profile increases, and the temperature profile decreases. When the suction rises, the velocity and temperature profiles both increase. Optimization techniques were used from response surface methodology (RSM) to set factorial variables so that the response met the desired maximum or minimum value. Factorial methods like ANOVA were used to model the response, but they were expanded to simulate the effects in terms of extrapolation.
Disentangled Sequential Autoencoder with Local Consistency for Infectious Keratitis Diagnosis

Infectious keratitis is a major cause of visual impairment and a common blinding eye disease. Deep learning based prior researches mainly regard infectious keratitis diagnosis as a classification task on the slit-lamp images of single-visit. However, in real clinical applications, it is critical to analyze the lesion evolution characteristics represented by time-varying features over multiple-visits. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we focus on the problem with sequential clinical images of patients, and propose a novel disentangled sequential auto-encoder (DSLC-VAE) algorithm to separate the time-varying pathological features from the time-invariant ones for infectious keratitis diagnosis. Specifically, a inference model is exploited to generate time series of the shape and appearance of corneal lesions to represent keratitis progression, which are combined with location-related features to identify keratitis pathogen. Moreover, we construct a local consistent regularizer with a self-supervised task to enhance the consistency of the time-varying features across different infectious keratitis. Extensive experiments on real world dataset demonstrate superiority of our DSLC-VAE on both representation disentanglement and diagnosis accuracy.
Orbit anisotropy of dark matter haloes with Schwarzschild modelling

We apply the Schwarzschild orbit superposition method to mock data in order to investigate the accuracy of recovering the profile of the orbit anisotropy. The mock data come from four numerical realizations of dark matter haloes with well defined anisotropy profiles. We show that when assuming a correct mass distribution we are able to determine the anisotropy with high precision and clearly distinguish between the models.
AN IMPROVED DETERMINATION OF THE LITHIUM DEPLETION BOUNDARY AGE OF BLANCO 1 AND A FIRST LOOK ON THE EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC ACTIVITY

The lithium depletion boundary (LDB) is a robust method for accurately determining the ages of young clusters, but most pre-main-sequence models used to derive LDB ages do not include the effects of magnetic activity on stellar properties. In light of this, we present results from our spectroscopic study of the very-low-mass members of the southern open cluster Blanco 1 using the Gemini-North Telescope, program IDs: GN-2009B-Q-53 and GN-2010B-Q-96. We obtained Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph spectra at intermediate resolution for cluster candidate members with I ≈ 13–20 mag. From our sample of 43 spectra, we find 14 probable cluster members by considering proximity to the cluster sequence in an I/I − Ks color–magnitude diagram, agreement with the cluster's systemic radial velocity, and magnetic activity as a youth indicator. We systematically analyze the Hα and Li features and update the LDB age of Blanco 1 to be Myr. Our new LDB age for Blanco 1 shows remarkable coevality with the benchmark Pleiades open cluster. Using available empirical activity corrections, we investigate the effects of magnetic activity on the LDB age of Blanco 1. Accounting for activity, we infer a corrected LDB age of Myr. This work demonstrates the importance of accounting for magnetic activity on LDB inferred stellar ages, suggesting the need to reinvestigate previous LDB age determinations.
Linear perturbations of self-gravitating spherically symmetric configurations

Instituto de F´isica y Matema´ticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol´as de Hidalgo,Ediﬁcio C-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58040 Morelia, Michoac´an, M´exico. (Dated: January 14, 2013)We present a new covariant, gauge-invariant formalism describing linear metric perturbation ﬁeldson any spherically symmetric background in general relativity. The advantage of this formalism re-lies in the fact that it does not require a decomposition of the perturbations into spherical tensorharmonics. Furthermore, it does not assume the background to be vacuum, nor does it require itsstaticity. In the particular case of vacuum perturbations, we derive two master equations describ-ing the propagation of arbitrary linear gravitational waves on a Schwarzschild black hole. Whendecomposed into spherical harmonics, they reduce to covariant generalizations of the well-knownRegge-Wheeler and Zerilli equations. Next, we discuss the general case where the metric per-turbations are coupled to matter ﬁelds and derive a new constrained wave system describing thepropagation of three gauge-invariant scalars from which the complete metric perturbations can bereconstructed. We apply our formalism to the Einstein-Euler system, dividing the ﬂuid perturba-tions into two parts. The ﬁrst part, which decouples from the metric perturbations, obeys simpleadvection equations along the background ﬂow and describes the propagation of the entropy andthe vorticity. The second part describes a perturbed potential ﬂow, and together with the metricperturbations it forms a closed wave system.I. INTRODUCTION
Optical label-free and model-free probe of the surface potential of nanoscale and microscopic objects in aqueous solution

The electrostatic environment of aqueous systems is an essential ingredient for the function of any living system. To understand the electrostatic properties and their molecular foundation in soft, living, and three-dimensional systems, we developed a table-top model-free method to determine the surface potential of nano- and microscopic objects in aqueous solutions. Angle-resolved nonresonant second harmonic (SH) scattering measurements contain enough information to determine the surface potential unambiguously, without making assumptions on the structure of the interfacial region. The scattered SH light that is emitted from both the particle interface and the diffuse double layer can be detected in two different polarization states that have independent scattering patterns. The angular shape and intensity are determined by the surface potential and the second-order surface susceptibility. Calibrating the response with the SH intensity of bulk water, a single, unique surface potential value can be extracted. We demonstrate the method with 80 nm bare oil droplets in water and ∼50nm dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) liposomes at various ionic strengths.
Synergy Masks of Domain Attribute Model DaBERT: Emotional Tracking on Time-Varying Virtual Space Communication

Emotional tracking on time-varying virtual space communication aims to identify sentiments and opinions expressed in a piece of user-generated content. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the user’s single post, despite the fact that social network data are sequential. In this article, we propose a sentiment analysis model based on time series prediction in order to understand and master the chronological evolution of the user’s point of view. Specifically, with the help of a domain-knowledge-enhanced pre-trained encoder, the model embeds tokens for each moment in the text sequence. We then propose an attention-based temporal prediction model to extract rich timing information from historical posting records, which improves the prediction of the user’s current state and personalizes the analysis of user’s sentiment changes in social networks. The experiments show that the proposed model improves on four kinds of sentiment tasks and significantly outperforms the strong baseline.
Chiral particle decay of heavy-light mesons in a relativistic potential model

Partial decay widths of the heavy-light mesons, $D, D_s, B,$ and $B_s$, emitting one chiral particle ($\pi$ or $K$) are evaluated in the framework of a relativistic potential model. Decay amplitudes are calculated by keeping the Lorentz invariance as far as possible and use has been made of the Lorentz-boosted relativistic wave functions of the heavy-light mesons. One of predictions of our calculation is very narrow widths of a few keV for yet undsicovered $B_s(0^+, 1^+)$ mesons corresponding to ${^{2S+1}L_J}={^3P_0}$ and $"{^3P_1}"$ assuming their masses to be 5617 and 5682 MeV, respectively, as calculated in our former paper. In the course of our calculation, new sum rules are discovered on the decay widths in the limit of $m_Q\to \infty$. Among these rules, $ \Gamma(D_{s0}^*(2317)\to D_s+\pi)=\Gamma (D_{s1}(2460)\to D_s^*+\pi) $ and $ \Gamma(B_{s0}^*(5615)\to B_s+\pi)=\Gamma (B_{s1}(5679)\to B_s^*+\pi) $ are predicted to hold with a good accuracy.
PENGARUH PERCEIVED USEFULNESS TERHADAP BEHAVIOR INTENTION TO USE E-WALLET GOPAY MELALUI MEDIASI ATTITUDE TOWARD USING DI KOTA TERNATE

Gojek is a business startup that provides application-based services and has earned a Decacorn degree. Decacorn title can be awarded to business startups that have a valuation of above US $ 10 billion. The mobile payment facility, Gopay, is one of 20 services provided by Gojek to answer the needs of people who are starting to switch from using cash to mobile payment. One's interest in using a technology is influenced by several factors. In the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory, there are several factors that influence the interest in using E-Wallet, namely perceived usefulness, attitude toward using, and behavioral intention to use. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of perceived usefulness on behavioral intention to use e-wallet, Gopay, through mediating attitude toward using in Ternate City. The method in this research is descriptive quantitative, with analysis tools using partial least square. This study has a sample of 145 respondents. The results of the study showed that perceived usefulness influenced positively and significantly on behavioral intention to use, and attitude toward using. Attitude toward using influenced positively and significantly on behavioral intention to use. Perceived usefulness has a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention to use through attitude toward using as a mediating variable. Keywords: attitude toward using, behavioral intention to use, perceived usefulness, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Resonant Triad Instability in Stratified Fluids

Internal gravity waves contribute to fluid mixing and energy transport, not only in oceans but also in the atmosphere and in astrophysical bodies. We provide here the first experimental measurement of the growth rate of a resonant triad instability (also called parametric subharmonic instability) transferring energy to smaller scales where it is dissipated. We make careful and quantitative comparisons with theoretical predictions for propagating vertical modes in laboratory experiments.
Electron and ion acceleration in relativistic shocks with applications to GRB afterglows

We have modeled the simultaneous first-order Fermi shock acceleration of protons, electrons, and helium nuclei by relativistic shocks. By parameterizing the particle diffusion, our steady-state Monte Carlo simulation allows us to follow particles from particle injection at nonthermal thermal energies to above PeV energies, including the nonlinear smoothing of the shock structure due to cosmic-ray (CR) backpressure. We observe the mass-to-charge (A/Z) enhancement effect believed to occur in efficient Fermi acceleration in non-relativistic shocks and we parameterize the transfer of ion energy to electrons seen in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. For a given set of environmental and model parameters, the Monte Carlo simulation determines the absolute normalization of the particle distributions and the resulting synchrotron, inverse-Compton, and pion-decay emission in a largely self-consistent manner. The simulation is flexible and can be readily used with a wide range of parameters typical of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. We describe some preliminary results for photon emission from shocks of different Lorentz factors and outline how the Monte Carlo simulation can be generalized and coupled to hydrodynamic simulations of GRB blast waves. We assume Bohm diffusion for simplicity but emphasize that the nonlinear effects we describe stem mainly from an extended shock precursor where higher energy particles diffuse further upstream. Quantitative differences will occur with different diffusion models, particularly for the maximum CR energy and photon emission, but these nonlinear effects should be qualitatively similar as long as the scattering mean free path is an increasing function of momentum.
Methods for analyzing pathways through a physics major

Physics Education Research frequently investigates what students studying physics do on small time scales (e.g. single courses, observations within single courses), or post-education time scales (e.g., what jobs do physics majors get? ) but there is little research into how students get from the beginning to the end of a physics degree. Our work attempts to visualize students paths through the physics major, and quantitatively describe the students who take physics courses, receive physics degrees, and change degree paths into and out of the physics program at Michigan State University.
Trends in Air Temperature and Precipitation in Southeastern Czech Republic, 1961-2020

This study presents a summary of sixty years of air temperature and precipitation measurements at the Žabčice weather station, located in the southeastern Czech Republic and operated by Mendel University in Brno. An instrumental dataset spanning two climatological normal periods (1961– 1990 and newly established 1991–2020) is analyzed for long term linear trends with monthly data presented in full span in Appendices. In the new climate normal period, the mean annual temperature increased from 9.3 °C to 10.3 °C with growing trend of 0.34 °C/10 years (p < 0.001). Every calendar month of year is warmer, with the highest and fastest increase in August (+2.0 °C, 0.64 °C/10 years, p < 0.001) and the lowest in October (+0.2 °C). Annual precipitation sum increased negligibly (+11.1 mm), however, the quarterly distribution significantly changes towards drier second quarter ( - 22.9 mm, p < 0.05) and wetter third quarter (+37.1 mm, p < 0.05). Number of tropical days (maximum daily air temperature > 30 °C) significantly increased (+4.44/10 years, p < 0.001), whereas number of frost days is negligibly decreasing ( - 0.88/10 years). Temperature derived Huglin index for vineyards increased by 369 °C to a seasonal sum 2062 °C (+84 °C/10 years, p < 0.001). This study provides evidence of the rate of changing climate at this southern Moravia lowland site.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF MULTIPLE SCATTERING OF THE f-MODE BY FLUX TUBES

We use numerical simulations to study the absorption and phase shift of surface-gravity waves caused by groups of magnetic flux tubes. The dependence of the scattering coefficients on the distance between the tubes and their positions is analyzed for several cases with two or three flux tubes embedded in a quiet Sun atmosphere. The results are compared with those obtained neglecting completely or partially multiple scattering effects. We show that multiple scattering has a significant impact on the absorption measurements and tends to reduce the phase shift. We also consider more general cases of ensembles of randomly distributed flux tubes, and we have evaluated the effects on the scattering measurements of changing the number of tubes included in the bundle and the average distance between flux tubes. We find that for the longest wavelength incoming waves, multiple scattering enhances the absorption, and its efficiency increases with the number of flux tubes and the reduction of the distance between them.
Bolometric Detection of Quantum Shot Noise in Coupled Mesoscopic Systems

We present a new scheme to detect the quantum shot noise in coupled mesoscopic systems. By applying the noise thermometry to the capacitively coupled quantum point contacts (QPCs) we prove that the noise temperature of one QPC is in perfect proportion to that of the other QPC which is driven to non-equilibrium to generate quantum shot noise. We also found an unexpected effect that the noise in the source QPC is remarkably suppressed possibly due to the cooling effect by the detector QPC.