Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formalizing of web-services specifications using temporal logics

Issues related to improving the design of multiservice SOA networks are discussed. Issue of creation of complex services, their orchestration and choreography are considered. Problem arising when creating an integrated service is discussed. It is shown that the formal description of the service using temporal logics will perform rigorous verification service and eliminate design errors.
Exploiting Spectrum Usage Patterns for Efficient Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks

A cognitive radio (CR) is very significant technology to use a spectrum dynamically in wireless communication networks. However, very little has been done on using the spectrum usage patterns to handle with the problem of spectrum allocation in dynamic spectrum access. We suggest a scheme by exploiting spectrum usage patterns for the efficient spectrum management and reduce the communication cost in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). We propose the following three factors into account: spectrum sensing scheme with a sleep mode, spectrum decision scheme with a probability of spectrum access and spectrum handoff scheme with back-off time. All factors make use of spectrum usage patterns based on the statistical information. The first factor reduces the number of spectrum sensing. The second increases the opportunity of spectrum access and the last decreases the number of spectrum handoff. First of all, our proposed spectrum management scheme considers the analysis of the spectrum usage patterns and various factors obtained from the analysis is applied to lessen the communication cost in CRNs. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme improve the efficiency of spectrum management in dynamic spectrum access.
Synaptonemal complex analysis of interracial hybrids between the Moscow and Neroosa chromosomal races of the common shrew Sorex araneus showing regular formation of a complex meiotic configuration (ring-of-four)

Abstract Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic analysis of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) was carried out for the first time in homozygotes and complex Robertsonian heterozygotes (hybrids) of the common shrew, Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758, from a newly discovered hybrid zone between the Moscow and the Neroosa chromosomal races. These races differ in four monobrachial homologous metacentrics, and closed SC tetravalent is expected to be formed in meiosis of a hybrid. Indeed, such a multivalent was found at meiotic prophase I in hybrids. Interactions between multivalent and both autosomes and/or the sex chromosomes were observed. For the first time we have used immunocytochemical techniques to analyse asynapsis in Sorex araneus and show that the multivalent pairs in an orderly fashion with complete synapsis. Despite some signs of spermatocytes arrested in the meiotic prophase I, hybrids had large number of active sperm. Thus, Moscow – Neroosa hybrid males that form a ring-of-four meiotic configuration are most likely not sterile. Our results support previous demonstrations that monobrachial homology of metacentrics of the common shrew does not lead to complete reproductive isolation between parapatric chromosomal races of the species.
Evidence for Hysteretic Substrate Channeling in the Proline Dehydrogenase and Δ1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate Dehydrogenase Coupled Reaction of Proline Utilization A (PutA)*

Background: PutA from Escherichia coli is a bifunctional enzyme and transcriptional repressor in proline catabolism. Results: Steady-state and transient kinetic data revealed a mechanism in which the two enzymatic reactions are coupled by an activation step. Conclusion: Substrate channeling in PutA exhibits hysteretic behavior. Significance: This is the first kinetic model of bi-enzyme activity in PutA and reveals a novel mechanism of channeling activation. PutA (proline utilization A) is a large bifunctional flavoenzyme with proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH) domains that catalyze the oxidation of l-proline to l-glutamate in two successive reactions. In the PRODH active site, proline undergoes a two-electron oxidation to Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxlylate, and the FAD cofactor is reduced. In the P5CDH active site, l-glutamate-γ-semialdehyde (the hydrolyzed form of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate) undergoes a two-electron oxidation in which a hydride is transferred to NAD+-producing NADH and glutamate. Here we report the first kinetic model for the overall PRODH-P5CDH reaction of a PutA enzyme. Global analysis of steady-state and transient kinetic data for the PRODH, P5CDH, and coupled PRODH-P5CDH reactions was used to test various models describing the conversion of proline to glutamate by Escherichia coli PutA. The coupled PRODH-P5CDH activity of PutA is best described by a mechanism in which the intermediate is not released into the bulk medium, i.e., substrate channeling. Unexpectedly, single-turnover kinetic experiments of the coupled PRODH-P5CDH reaction revealed that the rate of NADH formation is 20-fold slower than the steady-state turnover number for the overall reaction, implying that catalytic cycling speeds up throughput. We show that the limiting rate constant observed for NADH formation in the first turnover increases by almost 40-fold after multiple turnovers, achieving half of the steady-state value after 15 turnovers. These results suggest that EcPutA achieves an activated channeling state during the approach to steady state and is thus a new example of a hysteretic enzyme. Potential underlying causes of activation of channeling are discussed.
The Development of Management and Leadership Capability and its Contribution to Performance: the Evidence, the Prospects and the Research Need

Summary of 2000 Graduate First Destination Survey and 2001 Graduate Tracking Survey. CEL (Collective Enterprises Ltd.) for the Council for Excellence in Management and Leadership. CEML see Council for Excellence in Management and Leadership Charlesworth K, Cook P, Crozier G (2003). Leading changing in the public sector: making the difference , Chartered Management Institute. Chia, R. (1996). Teaching paradigm shifting in management education: university business schools and entrepreneurial imagination. Journal of Management Studies, 33(4): 409 - 428. CIPD (2001). The change agenda. Performance through people - the new people management, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. CIPD (2001). Training and development 2001 - Survey Report . CIPD. CIPD (2002). Training and development 2002 - Survey Report . CIPD. Clutterbuck D and Megginson D (1999). Mentoring Executives and Directors . Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Cockerill A P (1993). Validation study into the high performance managerial competencies
Effect of Maltodextrins on the Rheological Properties of Potato Starch Pastes and Gels

The study examines the effects of maltodextrins saccharified to various degrees on some rheological properties of potato starch dispersions. Pasting characteristics, flow curves, and mechanical spectra were determined for native potato starch and for its blends with potato maltodextrins having dextrose equivalents (DE) of 10.5, 18.4, and 26.5. The results showed that medium-saccharified maltodextrin (DE = 18.4) gave the strongest effect, manifesting itself as a considerable reduction in the viscosity at pasting, a decrease in apparent viscosity during flow, and a decrease in the storage and loss moduli. Addition of high-(DE = 26.5) or low-(DE = 10.5) saccharified maltodextrins had a markedly smaller effect on the rheological properties of starch. The differences in the effects produced by the maltodextrins are closely connected to the degree of polymerisation of the maltooligosaccharides in the systems.
Size Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies and Massive Compact Objects as Dark Matter

The dramatic size evolution of early-type galaxies from z � 2 to 0 poses a new challenge in the theory of galaxy formation, which may not be explained by the standard picture. It is shown here that the size evolution can be explained if the non-baryonic cold dark matter is composed of compact objects having a mass scale of � 10 5 Mˇ. This form of dark matter is consistent with, or only weakly constrained by the currently available observations. The kinetic energy of the dark compact objects is transferred to stars by dynamical friction, and stars around the effective radius are pushed out to larger radii, resulting in a pure size evolution. This scenario has several good properties to explain the observations, including the ubiquitous nature of size evolution and faster disappearance of higher density galaxies.
A weight two phenomenon for the moduli of rank one local systems on open varieties

The twistor space of representations on an open variety maps to a weight two space of local monodromy transformations around a divisor com- ponent at infinty. The space of �-invariant sections of this slope-two bundle over the twistor line is a real 3 dimensional space whose parameters correspond to the complex residue of the Higgs field, and the real parabolic weight of a harmonic bundle.
The Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33): Transient X-Ray Sources Discovered in M33

The Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33) has acquired seven fields of ACIS data covering M33 with 200 ks of exposure in each field. A catalog from the first 10 months of data, along with archival Chandra observations dating back to the year 2000, is currently available. We have searched these data for transient sources that are measured to have a 0.35-8.0 keV unabsorbed luminosity of at least 4 × 1035 ergs s−1 in one epoch and are not detected in another epoch. This set of the survey data has yielded seven such sources, including one previously known supersoft source. We analyzed XMM-Newton data from the archive distributed over the years 2000-2003 to search for recurrent outbursts and to get a spectrum for the supersoft transient. We find only one recurrent transient in our sample. The X-ray spectra, light curves, and optical counterpart candidates of two of the other sources suggest that they are high-mass X-ray binaries. Archival Spitzer photometry and high X-ray absorption suggest that one of the sources is a highly variable background active galactic nucleus. The other three sources are more difficult to classify. The bright transient population of M33 appears to contain a large fraction of high-mass X-ray binaries compared with the transient populations of M31 and the Galaxy, reflecting the later morphology of M33.
Adaptive nonlocal range filter in depth map coding

In this paper, we present a novel depth map coding scheme to improve coding efficiency. For this purpose, we develop an adaptive nonlocal range filter that restores the coded depth map by the noise suppression. Unlike the previous works that adapted the original nonlocal means algorithm or the original bilateral filter to the depth data, our approach is fundamentally different in that the nonlocal principle in the color data and the range filter in the depth map are taken into account, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal fall-off parameters that control the smoothing strength are determined at the encoder and the restoration is performed with the optimal fall-off parameter at the decoder. This technique allows for the strong slope restoration at the boundary and the noise smoothing near the boundary. Finally, the depth map coding that performs the new approach is implemented and this results in 9.71%(rate-distortion evaluation) and 8.71%(rate-quality evaluation) BD-bitrate reduction on average when compared with 3DV HEVC.
Institutional Transformation to Engage a Diverse Student Body

Purpose - This chapter provides an overview of the book and discusses student diversity and institutional responses. Methodology/approach - The chapter draws together literature and conceptual thinking about what student diversity is. It then analyses the drivers for increased diversity within higher education in the case studies in this book. Alternative approaches to diversity are presented, drawing on a synthesis of approaches identified in the literature. Finally, the chapter provides a summary of the other chapters and the associated case studies. Findings - The chapter finds that diversity incorporates difference across a number of dimensions: education, personal disposition, current circumstances and cultural heritage. There are a wide range of reasons prompting institutions to recruit a diverse student population: a commitment to social justice, expansion and access to new markets, tapping the pool of talent, enhancing the student experience, national and/or regional policy, funding incentives, conforming with equality legislation, institutional research and personal commitment of staff. Institutions can respond to diversity in different ways. The idealised types are: altruistic (no institutional change), academic (little or no change), utilitarian (special access and additional support mechanisms) and transformative (positive view of diversity resulting in institutional development). Research limitations - This chapter draws largely on the author's work in England and the United Kingdom and the case studies presented in this book. Practical implications - This chapter is important as an introduction to the book, and providing frameworks to think about diversity. Social implications - The framework for institutional change assists institutions to critically consider the response they make to a more diverse student population. Originality/value - The paper provides original perspectives to conceptualising and responding to diversity.
Belonging: The Impact of Extracurricular Activities in Urban High Schools

It is acknowledged that parents’ values tend to shape young children’s identity, however in high school peers have a stronger influence (Bates, 2004). Students in high school are influenced by the opinions of their peers relative to those of adults (Kindermann, 2007; Ryan, 2001) and this impacts their engagement in the school community. Extracurricular activities can function as a catalyst for belonging within the school community and participation can take on an increased level of importance within an Urban School setting challenged by low attendance and poor academic success. Teacher candidates typically come from backgrounds different from those of the students they encounter in urban schools. Sleeter (2001) argues that teacher candidates need to build relationships with students different from themselves through in-class, and community based interactions. This study brought teacher candidates and urban high school students into direct dialogue in an effort to help teacher candidates understand the urban high school students’ experience.
Inner retinal inhibition shapes the receptive field of retinal ganglion cells in primate

• The receptive field of most retinal ganglion cells consists of an excitatory centre and an inhibitory surround. • In retinal ganglion cells of non‐primates the receptive field surround is provided by lateral inhibition in both the outer and the inner retinal synaptic layers. • We use whole cell recording methods to establish the spatial organisation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs onto ganglion cells in primate retina. • We confirm centre–surround organisation in the excitatory inputs to ganglion cells, and show further that inhibitory inputs can also show centre–surround organisation. • We show that lateral inhibition in the inner retina shapes the spatial profile of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs onto ganglion cells. • Dynamic clamp experiments provide evidence that reduction of inner retinal inhibition reduces spatial tuning in ganglion cell output. • These results show that lateral inhibition in the inner retina of primate shapes the analysis of spatial form and contrast.
Orthographic influences, vocabulary development, and phonological awareness in deaf children who use cochlear implants

ABSTRACT In the current study, we explore the influence of orthographic knowledge on phonological awareness in children with cochlear implants and compare developmental associations to those found for hearing children matched for word reading level or chronological age. We show an influence of orthographic knowledge on syllable and phoneme awareness in deaf and hearing children, but no orthographic effect on rhyme awareness. Nonorthographic rhyme awareness was a significant predictor of reading outcomes for all groups. However, whereas receptive vocabulary knowledge was the most important predictor of word reading variance in the cochlear implant group, rhyme awareness was the only important predictor of word reading variance in the reading level matched hearing group. Both vocabulary and rhyme awareness were equally important in predicting reading in the chronological age-matched hearing group. The data suggest that both deaf and hearing children are influenced by orthography when making phonological judgments, and that phonological awareness and vocabulary are both important for reading development.
Do assisted conception twins have an increased risk for anencephaly?

BACKGROUND The incidence rates of anterior neural tube defects, anencephaly and encephalocele appear increased among twins compared with singletons. The current study aimed to evaluate whether the etiology of this phenomenon is related to twinning, assisted reproductive technology (ART), or both. METHODS The study cohort consisted of parturient women who were referred to our ultrasonography unit between January 1998 and December 2009 due to suspicion of severe fetal abnormality. The study cohort was divided into two subgroups based on mode of conception: spontaneous and ART (including IVF and ICSI). The subgroups were further subdivided into singleton and multiple pregnancies. We also compared pregnancies diagnosed with anencephaly in the study group to all live births in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. RESULTS Anencephaly was diagnosed in 43 fetuses out of 1154 (3.7%) pregnancies diagnosed with severe fetal anomaly. Anencephaly was diagnosed in 9 out of 78 twin pregnancies (11.5%); of these, 8 of 45 (17.8%) were ART conceived and 1 of 33 (3%) spontaneously conceived. A significant correlation was found between twinning and anencephaly, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.4 [confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-8.9, P= 0.011], while no significant correlation was found between ART and anencephaly. A significant correlation was found between anencephaly and the combination of ART conception and twinning (OR of 6.6, CI = 2.8-15.3, P< 0.01). Analyzing the distribution of pregnancies diagnosed with anencephaly in the study group compared with the total number of live births in the department revealed a significant correlation between twinning and anencephaly, with an OR of 11.4 (CI = 4.9-26.5, P< 0.01), with no significant correlation between ART and anencephaly. Among all live births, a significant correlation was found between anencephaly and the combination of ART conception and twinning (OR of 24.6, CI = 11.4-53.2, P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that twin pregnancies conceived by ART constitute a high-risk group for anencephaly, due to a possible synergistic effect of twinning and ART.
Interpreting the recent decline in labor force participation

At the turn of the 21st century, labor force participation in the United States reversed its decades-long increase and started trending lower. In the four years since the start of the recent recession, the labor force participation rate experienced a far bigger drop than in any previous four-year period. ; To disentangle the roles of long-term trend factors—such as demographic shifts—and the recession in the recent drop in participation, Van Zandweghe examines a variety of evidence, including data on demographic shifts, labor market flows, gender differences, and the effects of long-term unemployment. ; The evidence indicates that long-term trend factors account for about half of the recent decline in labor force participation, with the recession accounting for the other half.
Reverberation and Noise Robust Feature Compensation Based on IMM

In this paper, we propose a novel feature compensation approach based on the interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm specially designed for joint processing of background noise and acoustic reverberation. Our approach to cope with the time-varying environmental parameters is to establish a switching linear dynamic model for the additive and convolutive distortions, such as the background noise and acoustic reverberation, in the log-spectral domain. We construct multiple state space models with the speech corruption process in which the log spectra of clean speech and log frequency response of acoustic reverberation are jointly handled as the state of our interest. The proposed approach shows significant improvements in the Aurora-5 automatic speech recognition (ASR) task which was developed to investigate the influence on the performance of ASR for a hands-free speech input in noisy room environments.
Explicit robust multi-model predictive control

The paper deals with robust predictive control based on a LMI approach. With respect to the well established case of linear models, with a global polytopic uncertainty, in the present approach the conservativeness reduction is assured by allowing different local descriptions of the uncertainty. The prediction model can thus be interpreted as a multi-model description of the plant to be controlled. The techniques is effective for a large class of nonlinear systems embedded into polytopic models. For the practical implementation the construction of suitable (explicit) descriptions of the control law are described upon concrete algorithms.
Entrepreneurial Imagination: Time, Timing, Space and Place in Business Action

Entrepreneurial Imaginationinnovatively focuses on entrepreneurial and economic action in time, timing, space and place. Schedules and places of production, working times and working places, are no longer fixed due to the effects of the contemporary economy. The authors expertly bring together a focused and themed book that deals wholly with the subjects of time and space in a phenomenological understanding of entrepreneurial ventures and related business action. They discuss theories and thinking of human action, space, place, timing and time in various entrepreneurial and business arenas, including social entrepreneuring, environmental and corporate social responsibility, network forms of entrepreneuring, urban governance and regional development.Taking a phenomenological approach to enable readers to understand entrepreneurship and related economic action clearly will prove to be inspiring for students, academics and practitioners interested in all areas of entrepreneurship and similar issues. Contents: 1. Entrepreneuring - When and Where? ; 2. A Phenomenology of Entrepreneurial Action; 3. Our Entrepreneuring Society; 4. Various Kinds of Social Entrepreneuring, Networking and Social Capital; 5. On the Importance of Social Entrepreneuring to Local Government; 6. Entrepreneuring and Regional Development; 7. Entrepreneurial Action and Environment; 8. Entrepreneuring and ICT-Based Networking; 9. Summary and Conclusions; References ; Index
Extended instructions for the AES cryptography and their efficient implementation

In this paper, extended instructions for the advanced encryption standard (AES) cryptography acceleration in embedded processors and efficient implementation of these instructions are presented. These AES instructions generate four elements in single-instruction, multiple-data format from each input of an AES state. The instruction count for 128-bit key AES encryption can be reduced from 688 to 340 per 128-bit block by using the proposed AES instructions. The execution unit for the AES instructions can be implemented efficiently with a single 2-Kbit table and four small multipliers. The capacity of the table has been reduced to 1/32, compared to that of a conventional fast software algorithm. The AES instructions enable embedded processors for low-cost network equipment to have cryptographic capability with minimal modification.