Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Release of Glial Tissue–Specific Proteins After Acute Stroke: A Comparative Analysis of Serum Concentrations of Protein S-100B and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Background and Purpose This study was aimed at the comparative analysis of serum concentrations of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and protein S-100B in patients with acute stroke. Methods We investigated 32 patients with stroke symptoms consistent with cerebral ischemia in the anterior territory of vascular supply. Serial venous blood samples were taken after admission to the hospital and during the first 4 days after onset of stroke. Evaluation of lesion topography and volume of infarcted brain area was based on cranial CT data. The patients’ clinical status was consecutively evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Barthel Index score at discharge from the hospital. Results Protein S-100B and GFAP release was found to be significantly correlated (r =0.96;P <0.001). The release of both biochemical markers was associated with the volume of brain lesions (S-100B:r =0.957, P <0.0001; GFAP:r =0.955, P <0.0001) and the neurological status at discharge from the hospital (S-100B:r =0.821, P =0.0002; GFAP:r =0.717, P =0.0003). The highest correlation between both S-100B and GFAP serum concentration and Barthel score was calculated at the last time of blood sampling, 4 days after stroke onset (S-100B:r =0.621, P <0.001; GFAP:r =0.655, P <0.001). The release of both astroglia derived proteins differed between different subtypes of stroke. GFAP was found to be a more sensitive marker of brain damage in patients with smaller lacunar lesions or minor strokes. Conclusions Our results indicate that postischemic release patterns of GFAP and S-100B protein may allow insight into the underlying pathophysiology of acute cerebral infarcts and may be used as a valuable tool of clinical stroke treatment.
Analytic and Holistic Modes in the Development of Melody Perception

The present studies investigated whether there is a developmental trend from holistic to analytic modes of processing in the perception of melodies. Children (5-to 10-year-olds) and adults were instructed to classify short melodies which varied systematically in four attributes. The subjects could learn the appropriate category assignments either analytically (by focusing on a single attribute) or holistically (by comparing melodies in terms of their overall similarity). The data show that even the youngest children learned the melodic categories more often analytically than holistically. Nevertheless, there was an age effect concerning the attributes that the analytic learners used for their categorisation. Whereas all children preferred attributes that were not melody-specific, especially loudness, adults concentrated on melody-specific attributes, especially melodic contour.
Fitness and morphological outcomes of many generations of hybridization in the copepod Tigriopus californicus

Hybridization between genetically divergent populations is an important evolutionary process, with an outcome that is difficult to predict. We used controlled crosses and freely mating hybrid swarms, followed for up to 30 generations, to examine the morphological and fitness consequences of interpopulation hybridization in the copepod Tigriopus californicus. Patterns of fitness in two generations of controlled crosses were partly predictive of long‐term trajectories in hybrid swarms. For one pair of populations, controlled crosses revealed neutral or beneficial effects of hybridization after the F1 generation, and hybrid swarm fitness almost always equalled or exceeded that of the midparent. For a second pair, controlled crosses showed F2 hybrid breakdown, but increased fitness in backcrosses, and hybrid swarm fitness deviated both above and below that of the parentals. Nevertheless, individual swarm replicates exhibited different fitness trajectories over time that were not related in a simple manner to their hybrid genetic composition, and fixation of fitter hybrid phenotypes was not observed. Hybridization did not increase overall morphological variation, and underlying genetic changes may have been masked by phenotypic plasticity. Nevertheless, one type of hybrid swarm exhibited a repeatable pattern of transgressively large eggsacs, indicating a positive effect of hybridization on individual fecundity. Additionally, both parental and hybrid swarms exhibited common phenotypic trends over time, indicating common selective pressures in the laboratory environment. Our results suggest that, in a system where much work has focused on F2 hybrid breakdown, the long‐term fitness consequences of interpopulation hybridization are surprisingly benign.
Review Essay of Dugger and Sherman's Reclaiming Evolution (Routledge 2000): Implications for the Study of Social Conflict in US Metropolitan Regions

While Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were influenced by Charles Darwin's (1859) 77a? Origin of Species (Foster 2000: 197-207) and developed a theory of social evolution known as historical materialism, Thorstein Vehlen (1898, 1899) is often credited with being the first economist to embrace the theory of species mutability and natural selection directly in an effort to understand the co evolution of economic and social institutions. The biological metaphor, however, had a brief existence in economics? until about World War I. Following Marx, Engels and Veblen only one paper by a neoclassical economist (Alchian 1950) posited that natural selection obviates the need to appeal to profit maximization to explain firm survival. Mainstream economics would remain bereft of evolutionary ideas from the early 1900's until the early 1980's. Meanwhile, during the interim, some institutional economists (e.g., Clarence Ayres) retreated from the radical Veblenian project. This is partly because evolution came to be associated with fascism abroad, racism at home, and the idea that individual outcomes were determined by genes or hereditary instinct (Hodgson 1999: 105-115). Biology itself had fallen into disrepute. In short, Darwinian evolutionary ideas were increasingly discredited because they did not lend themselves neatly to a reductionist analytical framework, methodo? logical individualism or overnight empirical validation. It is in the context of this twentieth-century intellectual snooze that Dugger and Sherman's (2000) Reclaiming Evolution may be viewed as long overdue. The purpose of the book is straightforward. The authors attempt to illustrate the
Research in Rhetoric: A Glance at our Recent Past, Present, and Potential Future

The purpose of this essay is to cite theorists and articles that have marked significant directions in rhetorical scholarship. This essay treats rhetoric writ large without making clear distinctions between rhetorical criticism, argumentative theory, or focus on rhetorical setting. It seeks to recall our history, our rhetorical scholarly history. A key reason for this review is that a failure to recall our history—to keep our past close to us—may well result in either repeating errors or in failing to give credit where it is due. We are, all of us, “always already interpellated” (Althusser, 1971, p. 164) into a scholarly conversation that is not always of our own making, recognizing that conversation—and exploring its roots—is an ongoing obligation.
Automatic viewing control for 3D direct manipulation

This paper describes a technique for augmenting the process of 3D direct manipulation by automaticallyfinding an effective placement for the virtual camera. Many of the best techniques for direct manipulation of 3D geometric objects are sensitive to the angle of view, and can thus require that the user coordinate the placement of the viewpoint during the manipulation process. In some cases, this process can be automated. This means that the system can automatically avoid degenerate situations in which translations and rotations are difficult to perform. The system can also select viewpoints and viewing angles which make the object being manipulated visible, ensuring that it is not obstructed by other objects.
Some Distribution-Independent Results About the Asymptotic Order of the Average Number of Pivot Steps of the Simplex Method

This paper is concerned with the average number of pivot steps of the Simplex Method which are required to solve linear programming problems of the following kind: $$\mbox{max} v^{T}x,\quad \mbox{subject to} a^{T}_{i}x \leq 1 \quad \mbox{for } i=1,\ldots, m \mbox{ where } a_{i},v,x \in \mathbb{R}^{n}$$ We investigate a certain variant of the Simplex Method, which is particularly suited for theoretical considerations. For every pair m, nm ≥ n we introduce probability spaces whose random samples are the linear programming problems of the above mentioned type. The vectors ai, v are supposed to be distributed independently, identically and symmetrically under rotations on a bounded subset of Rn. We deduce upper and lower bounds for the expectation values of the number of steps required in phase II of the Simplex Method. The evaluation of these bounds yields the following result for m → ∞ and for fixed n: 1 The expectation values become Om1/n-1. 2 There exists a distribution whose expectation values increase like m1/n-1. 3 For any distribution which satisfies our conditions the expectation values tend to infinity. 4 For every e > 0 there are distributions whose expectation values become Ome.
Particle Mixed Membership Stochastic Block Model

Massive real-world data are network-structured, such as semantic web, social network, relationship between proteins, etc. Modeling a network is an effective way for better understanding the properties of a network, while avoiding the complexity of the full description. This paper proposes a novel hierarchical Bayesian model for relational data, which is an extension of Mixed Membership Stochastic Block model. Unlike previous work assumes edges to be of atomic, our model recognizes that each edge is composed of multiple elementary relationships and the weight on this edge is a includes all the weights of these elementary relationships. This allows our model to incorporate more information about the network and increases its ability of uncertainty tolerance. A fast inference based on variational inference is offered. Empirical results on a synthetic data and three real-world data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and the robustness of our method.
Fault-tolerant servo systems against sensor failures using limited integrators

No effective controller design for achieving the tolerance against sensor failures has been proposed for servo systems until now because it is difficult to deal with ramp signals generated by integrators in the servo performance. In this paper, we obtain a key for the limiting function in limited integrators to behave effectively as the measure against ramp signals for the first time. Then, the limiting function and a controller can be designed in a unified framework of simultaneous optimization with consideration given to the servo performance in the normal case and in faulty cases. The obtained result succeeds in establishing the potential applicability of limited integrators to fault-tolerant servo systems.
The state of estuarine knowledge of the communities of the Tyolomnqa Estuary in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

This article reports on a knowledge audit study that explored the state of estuarine knowledge sources, gaps and needs of the communities of the Tyolomnqa Estuary in the Eastern Cape from the perspectives of estuary users. Through a case study approach, unstructured and focus group interviews were conducted. The study found that the communities living along the Tyolomnqa Estuary did not have sufficient knowledge on how to address estuarine related problems. The findings revealed that lack of practical know-how, skills and expertise would result in irreplaceable natural resources like estuaries being threatened and destroyed. Enhancing estuarine knowledge may help the Tyolomnqa Estuary communities to act and make effective decisions about the sustainable management of the Estuary. However, for this to materialise there is a need to identify where knowledge is being created, where it already exists and where it is needed through a knowledge audit. Knowledge auditing is the first step in developing a knowledge management strategy.
A sociolinguistically based, empirically researched pronunciation syllabus for English as an international language

The starting point of this paper is the recent shift in the use of English, such that non-native speakers (NNSs) using English for international communication now outnumber its native speakers (Crystal 1997; Graddol 1997). This shift, it will be argued, has serious implications for ELT pedagogy. Principal among these is the need for empirically established phonological norms and classroom pronunciation models for English as an International Language (EIL), in which intelligibility for NNS rather than for native speaker (NS) receivers is the primary motivation. Three sets of data drawn from NNS–NNS interaction are provided in order to exemplify the kinds of empirical evidence that are necessary to enable us to make informed claims about phonological intelligibility in EIL. Then follows the author's proposal, based on such evidence, for a revised pronunciation syllabus for EIL, the Lingua Franca Core. This core approach, it is suggested, is better able to promote both intelligibility and regional appropriateness among EIL interlocutors, as well as being more teachable, than either of the two most commonly adopted classroom models, Received Pronunciation and General American. Finally, the importance of developing learners' accommodation skills as an integral part of pronunciation teaching for EIL is discussed.
Up in the air: an examination of the work–life balance of fly-in–fly-out academics

There is a dearth of research on the work–life balance experiences of academics who undertake short-term international teaching assignments. Academics who teach offshore are also accountable for onshore activities including lecturing, research, supervision of higher degree students, mentoring, publishing and administrative obligations inter alia. These responsibilities pose further challenges to work and life. Within the context of a qualitative design, 11 academics were interviewed in depth regarding their short-term international teaching experiences. Specific issues relating to family separation, excessive work hours, poor assignment planning and lack of organisational recognition were identified. Findings have important implications for academics, and university policy and practice.
Talking about Others: Emotionality and the Dissemination of Social Information

There is evidence that we may he more likely to share stories about other people to the extent that they arouse emotion. If so, this emotional social talk may have important social consequences, providing the basis for many of our social beliefs and mobilising people to engage or disengage with the targets of the talk. Across three studies, we tested the situated communicability of emotional social information by examining if the ability of emotionality to increase communicability would depend on the emotion that was aroused and the identity of the audience. Study J showed that participants were more willing to share social anecdotes that aroused interest, surprise, disgust and happiness with an unspecified audience. Study 2 provided a behavioural replication of these findings. Study 3 showed that the communicability of emotional social talk did vary with audience identity (friend or stranger). Together, these findings suggest that emotional social events (particularly those that arouse disgust and happiness) are likely to become part of a society's social beliefs, with important consequences for the structure of social relationships.
Mobile robot localization via classification of multisensor maps

The authors solve the task of mobile robot localization through pattern classification of grid-based maps of important or interesting workspace regions. Each region is represented by registered ultrasound, vision, and infrared sensor grid maps; and feature-level sensor fusion is accomplished by extracting spatial descriptions from these maps. The coarse position of the robot is determined by classifying the map descriptions to recognize the workspace region that a given map represents. Using datasets collected from ten different rooms and ten different doorways in a building, the authors estimate a 94% recognition rate of the rooms and a 98% recognition rate of the doorways. The authors conclude that coarse position estimation in indoor domains is possible through classification of grid-based maps. <<ETX>>
Design Space Exploration with Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimisation

High level synthesis is one of the next major steps to improve the hw/sw co-design process. The advantages of high level synthesis are two-fold. At first the level of abstraction is raised and secondly this allows for exploring the design space to a higher degree than on register transfer level. The design space can be explored by applying several kinds of source code transformations like loop unrolling and tree height reduction. Performing design space exploration manually leads to inefficient and inflexible mappings. This work describes the automated design space exploration for area timing trade-offs by utilising evolutionary multi-objective optimisation. Several performance improvements for genetic algorithms are introduced, which target a fast and accurate design space exploration. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated.
MIMO interactions in sampled data systems

Abstract In this paper, a MIMO interaction measure is used to analyze how the interaction evolves in the context of sampled data control, as a function of the sampling frequency. The basic tool is the Participation Matrix, which is a measure of the dynamic interaction in stable MIMO systems. This measure provides support for decentralized input-output pairing as well as for a richer controller architecture selection, including triangular, block diagonal and sparse structures. It is shown that the controller structure selection may be significantly dependant on the sampling period.
The effect of sleep on spike‐wave discharges in absence seizures

I n the course of other studies'--:' of patients with absence seizures, the effects of sleep o n spike-wave discharges were examined in a group of these patients under standard conditions, with 12 hour telemetered electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. The results show interaction of the manifestations of the various sleep stages with paroxysmal epileptic discharges, allowing a better understanding of the mechanisms of both. Many studies of the effects of sleep o n epileptic discharge contain ambiguities and inconsistencies that make comparisons difficult, particularly in the case of absence seizures. S i n c e 1957 D e m e n t a n d K l e i t m a n ' s classification o f the various stages of sleep4 has become the standard term of reference. I n 1968 Rechtschaffen and Kales5 proposed a standard scoring system of sleep stages to incre;ise comparability of results reported by different investigators. Earlier EEG studies of epilepsy during sleep were conducted in terms of the activating effect of sleep,"-" while later studies investigated the effect of sleep on se i z u re act i v i t y . I3 is y n c h r o n o u s se i z u r e discharges a re facilitated when the subject falls
Social demands, social supports, and psychological distress among low-income women

We investigate the association between social demands and psychological distress among low-income women. We argue that perceptions of excessive social demands can be psychologically distressing and examine the extent to which social demands predict psychological distress over 2 years. Our results reveal several important patterns. First, emotional, but not instrumental, demands are positively associated with psychological distress. Second, emotional and instrumental supports are more strongly associated with psychological distress than are emotional demands. Third, emotional support buffers the adverse effects of emotional demands. Finally, other chronic stressors, including economic hardship, neighborhood problems, and household disrepair, are more strongly associated with psychological distress than are social demands.
What has functional neuroimaging told us about the organization of mind?

This excellent book can be read in a variety of ways. For one thing, it is a clearly written and up-to-date advanced textbook on cognitive psychology, which, mercifully, does not begin Chapter 1 “Iconic Memory”, Chapter 2 “Short-term Memory” etc., but, instead, devotes its first few chapters to an analysis of the methodological and conceptual bases of cognitive psychology, with, for example, a detailed scrutiny of the concept of modularity and the assumptions behind the practice of constructing modular (box-and-arrow) models of cognition. Each of the remaining chapters then focuses on a particular domain of cognition and reviews both theoretical work on constructing modular cognitive models of processing in that domain and the results of empirical work collecting behavioural data for testing or adjudicating between such models. The coverage of cognition is not meant to be comprehensive: it is meant to be illustrative. Viewed in this way, the book would be an excellent choice as a text for an advanced undergraduate or graduate course in (some aspects of) theoretically oriented cognitive psychology. However, if I used the book in that way, I would expect that students would quite soon come to me and say, “Please sir, we’ve noticed that almost all the behavioural data discussed in this book are not from people with normal cognitive systems, but from people with cognitive impairments caused by brain damage. Why is that? ” I would then congratulate them on their perspicacity and explain that this is because the book is actually a text on cognitive neuropsychology. That would give me the opportunity to explain that modular models of cognition are meant to explain not only how various cognitive activities are executed by people with intact cognitive abilities, but also the particular patterns of preservations and impairments of cognitive performance that arise as a consequence of brain damage. I would then commend to them a re-reading of Chapter 4 of the book, which will tell them about the background assumptions of cognitive neuropsychology, and of Chapter 1, which will tell them about its history. And I would also commend to them the two previous textbooks on cognitive neuropsychology: Ellis and Young (1988) and Shallice (1988). Soon the students would be back, though, saying, “Please sir, we have finished the Ellis and