Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Median-difference window subseries score for contextual anomaly on time series

Anomaly detection in time series is one of exciting topics in data mining. The aim is to find a data point which is different from the majority, called an anomaly. In this paper, a novel anomaly score called Median-Difference Window subseries Score (MDWS) is proposed with its algorithm and the recommended window size for detecting the contextual anomalies on time series data. It is computed as the subtraction of the middle point with the median of all data points within the current window. The proposed MDWS algorithm is implemented as the median-update of the current window subseries to maintain the linear time complexity. Two anomaly thresholds are set as the mean plus/minus three standard deviation for extracting the anomalies. Furthermore, the suitable window size for detecting anomalies is investigated and suggests that it should be smaller than the seasonal period. The experimental results show that the MDWS has the highest accuracy performance on the benchmark datasets from Yahoo comparing with others existing anomaly detection methods.
Telomere length in lymphoblast cell lines derived from clinically radiosensitive cancer patients

Approximately 1-5 percent of cancer patients suffer from significant side effects in normal tissue after radiotherapy (RT). Although RT is an effective cancer therapy, treatment dose intensities are restricted to minimize the incidence of such normal tissue reactions. Therefore, most patients receive lower dose intensities than can be tolerated in normal tissue. A primary aim for radiation oncology is to identify radiosensitive (RS) individuals prior to treatment. Such predictive ability should result in an improvement in tumor control rates and/or a reduction in the incidence of RT side effects. Recent evidence suggests a link between RS and telomere length. A positive correlation between cellular RS and telomere length in a cohort of breast cancer patients has been reported. Furthermore, individuals with cancer-prone recessive RS syndromes, such as ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), have shortened telomeres. To determine whether the association between telomere length and RS could be used as a predictive assay to prospectively identify RS cancer patients, we utilized a bank of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from 33 RS patients, along with 18 LCL samples from RT patients who did not have severe reactions, to assess the link between RS and telomere length. We found a subset of RS patient LCLs had abnormally long telomere lengths, so these data suggest that RS could potentially be predicted for a subset of RS patients based on telomere length in LCLs, and contribute to therapy individualization.
The lowest eigenvalue of Jacobi random matrix ensembles and Painlevé VI

We present two complementary methods, each applicable in a different range, to evaluate the distribution of the lowest eigenvalue of random matrices in a Jacobi ensemble. The first method solves an associated Painlevé VI nonlinear differential equation numerically, with suitable initial conditions that we determine. The second method proceeds via constructing the power-series expansion of the Painlevé VI function. Our results are applied in a forthcoming paper in which we model the distribution of the first zero above the central point of elliptic curve L-function families of finite conductor and of conjecturally orthogonal symmetry.
Innovative sludge disinfection approach to generate Class A biosolids for land applications

Beneficial use of biosolids (sludge), generated by municipal wastewater treatment plant, requires adequate disinfection before its land application. Traditional methods for sludge disinfection are either time consuming or cost demanded. To overcome the drawbacks, novel technologies which uses electrical field phenomena, were proposed to achieve Class A biosolids. Electro-Fenton disinfection and electrokinetics combined with biocide treatment were investigated in this thesis. The lab scale results demonstrated better effectiveness of Electro-Fenton disinfection than Fenton oxidation. Class A quality of biosolids (with 5.8 log reduction) has been achieved within 30 min when Electro-Fenton system was applied in presence of H2O2 (30%). It was found that technological parameters such as pH, current, hydrogen peroxide concentration, total solids content, ratios of Fe2+/H2O2 influenced effectiveness of sludge disinfection. The results showed that electrokinetic phenomena combined with biocide achieved faster disinfection efficiency reaching log 7.2 fecal coliform reduction within 30 to 50 min while the internal temperature rose to 40℃ only. Then, an optimization of current, as well as biocide dosage were conducted in this study. Scale up of the system has also demonstrated an effective sludge disinfection. The study showed that both systems can be applied to WAS (or potentially to other types of sludge) to convert it to Class A biosolids. The systems are particularly beneficial for sludge thickened with iron containing coagulant. The novel technologies produce fertilizing materials which are safe for environment and public health when landfarming.
Generic Detection of Multi-Part Objects by High-Level Analysis

A method is proposed to detect multi-part man-made or natural objects in complex images. It consists in first extracting simple curves and straight lines from the edge map. Then, a search tree is expanded by selecting and ordering the segmented primitives on the basis of generic local and global grouping criteria. The set of partial contours provided by the parallel search are combined into more complex forms. Global scores produce a sorted list of potential object silhouettes.
Ocean acidification slows retinal function in a damselfish through interference with GABAA receptors

Vision is one of the most efficient senses used by animals to catch prey and avoid predators. Therefore, any deficiency in the visual system could have important consequences for individual performance. We examined the effect of CO2 levels projected to occur by the end of this century on retinal responses in a damselfish, by determining the threshold of its flicker electroretinogram (fERG). The maximal flicker frequency of the retina was reduced by continuous exposure to elevated CO2, potentially impairing the capacity of fish to react to fast events. This effect was rapidly counteracted by treatment with a GABA antagonist (gabazine), indicating that GABAA receptor function is disrupted by elevated CO2. In addition to demonstrating the effects of elevated CO2 on fast flicker fusion of marine fishes, our results show that the fish retina could be a model system to study the effects of high CO2 on neural processing.
Captive Supply Trends And Impacts Since The Advent Of Mandatory Price Reporting

Captive supplies have been a contentious issue in the livestock industry for fifteen years and the subject of both theoretical and empirical research. In 2001, mandatory price reporting was implemented. One objective by its proponents was to increase the amount of information available on captive supplies. This paper examines data now available as a result of mandatory price reporting to determine what additional information is available compared to previously. Second, several models were specified and estimated to determine the impacts captive supplies had on fed cattle prices in the two years following implementation of mandatory price reporting. Models showed mixed results. There was a consistent negative effect on cash market prices from formula priced trades; generally a positive impact from negotiated trades and packer owned trades on cash market prices; and mixed but often a positive impact from forward contract trades on cash market prices.
OX40 Costimulation Promotes Persistence of Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8 T Cells: A CD4-Dependent Mechanism1

The mechanisms that regulate CMV-specific T cell responses in vivo are poorly understood. During murine CMV infection of B6 mice, primary responses in the spleen are dominated by CD8 T cells reactive with antigenic epitopes in M45, M57, and m139 murine CMV gene products. However, during the later persistent phase of infection, CD8 T cell responses to epitopes in m139 and M38 viral gene products predominate. The basis for this shift in CD8 T populations is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that OX40, a TNFR superfamily member, specifically regulates the accumulation of CD8 T cells reactive with the persistent-phase epitopes. Defective CD8 T cell responses in OX40−/− mice were replicated in MHC class II−/− mice implying that CD4 T cells in part controlled the differentiation of the CD8 T cell clones responsive to these epitopes during persistent infection. Furthermore, treatment of infected mice with an agonist OX40 Ab induced expansion of protective primary virus-specific CD8 T cells independent of CD4 T cell help, but CD4 T cells were crucial for anti-OX40 to promote CD8 T cells reactive to the persistent dominant epitopes. Collectively, these results indicate manipulation of OX40 may be useful in improving cellular immunotherapy regimes for treatment of persistent virus infections.
Role of Geography Courses in Improving Geospatial Thinking of Undergraduates in the United States

This national study utilizes the Geospatial Thinking Survey (GTS) to assess the geospatial thinking abilities of undergraduates in the United States. A survey of 1479 students from 61 public universities provided the data. The mean score of geography majors was the highest, while that of criminal justice majors was the lowest. The mean score of students who studied at least three college geography courses was significantly higher than those students who took less than three college geography courses. College geography courses apparently bolster student geospatial thinking abilities, thereby corroborating the stronger geospatial thinking skills of geography majors. Moreover, individual questions of the GTS represent different geospatial thinking domains. The results of the internal comparisons of the GTS questions suggest that undergraduate instructors should identify students who need their geospatial thinking ability strengthened in certain domains.
Subjective well-being of the elderly in Xi Cheng District, Beijing

Background In 2010 the Beijing Municipal Government promulgated a policy aimed at improving the quality of life and subjective well-being of elderly residents that included a component focused on mental health. Aim Identify factors associated with subjective well-being in a representative sample of elderly residents of Xi Cheng District in Beijing. Methods This cross-sectional study administered a self-completion survey to a stratified random sample of 2342 residents of Xi Cheng District who were 60 to 80 years of age. The level of well-being was assessed using a validated Chinese version of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Detailed socioeconomic variables were obtained using a questionnaire developed by the authors. Social support, anxiety, and depression were assessed using validated Chinese versions of the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results Among the 2342 respondents, 1616 (69.0%) had a total MUNSH score of 32 or above, indicating a high level of happiness; 423 (18.1%) has a total SSRS score 32 or below, indicating poor social support; 201 (8.6%) had a total SDS score of 53 or above, indicating significant depression; and 126 (5.3%) had a total SAS score of 50 or above, indicating significant anxiety. In the multivariate regression analysis the self-reported level of depression was the most important factor related to well-being. Anxiety, social support, income level, the quality of family relationships, the ability to self-regulate emotions, and regular exercise were also significantly related to well-being; but gender, marital status, age and educational level were not associated with well-being. Conclusion Among elderly urban residents in Beijing, self-reports of poor subjective well-being are closely associated with self-reports of depressive and anxiety symptoms and also associated with social factors such as social support, income level and family relationships. Prospective studies are needed to identify the causal relationships of these variables and, based on the findings, to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and well-being of elderly community members.
Symmetry Matters for Sizes of Extended Formulations

In 1991, Yannakakis [J. Comput. System Sci., 43 (1991), pp. 441--466] proved that no symmetric extended formulation for the matching polytope of the complete graph $K_n$ with $n$ nodes has a number of variables and constraints that is bounded subexponentially in $n$. Here, symmetric means that the formulation remains invariant under all permutations of the nodes of $K_n$. It was also conjectured by Yannakakis that “asymmetry does not help much,” but no corresponding result for general extended formulations has been found so far. In this paper we show that for the polytopes associated with the matchings in $K_n$ with $\lfloor\log n\rfloor$ edges there are nonsymmetric extended formulations of polynomial size, while nevertheless no symmetric extended formulations of polynomial size exist. We furthermore prove similar statements for the polytopes associated with cycles of length $\lfloor\log n\rfloor$. Thus, with respect to the question for smallest possible extended formulations, in general symmetry require.
Satisfying real-time constraints with custom instructions

Instruction-set extensible processors allow an existing processor core to be extended with application-specific custom instructions. In this paper, we explore a novel application of instruction-set extensions to meet timing constraints in real-time embedded systems. In order to satisfy real-time constraints, the worst-case execution time (WCET) of a task should be reduced as opposed to its average-case execution time. Unfortunately, existing custom instruction selection techniques based on average-case profile information may not reduce a task's WCET. We first develop an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation to choose optimal instruction-set extensions for reducing the WCET. However, ILP solutions for this problem are often too expensive to compute. Therefore, we also propose an efficient and scalable heuristic that obtains quite close to the optimal results. Experiment results indicate that suitable choice of custom instructions can reduce the WCET of our benchmark programs by as much as 42% (23.5% on an average).
Neuromuscular control of physiological tremor during elastic load.

BACKGROUND Physiological tremor is an involuntary and continuous oscillation in every limb segment of a healthy human. This study investigates the neuromuscular control of physiological tremor by an elastic load applied to the middle finger. MATERIAL/METHODS The subject maintained a stretching position of the middle finger against various tension springs. Physiological tremor was detected by an acceleration sensor attached to the middle finger. The motor-unit activity was estimated by surface electromyogram (EMG) measured from the extensor digitorum communis muscle with physiological tremor. The tremor and the EMG signals were analyzed by power and coherence spectra. RESULTS Three frequency components appeared in physiological tremor while the subject extended the middle finger against the tension spring. They were classified as two load-independent components and a load-dependent component. Although the motor-unit activity was enhanced by the extension of the middle finger against a stiffer spring, the tremor amplitude did not significantly change. The extensor digitorum communis muscle produced a larger contraction force to maintain the finger posture against a stiffer spring, while the stiffness of the tension spring restrained the finger movement. The three frequency components of physiological tremor correlated with the motor-unit activity. These results supported the hypothesis of the origin of physiological tremor. The stretch-reflex system caused the load-dependent component, and the mechanical property of the elastic load determined its frequency. The supraspinal system produced the two load-independent components. CONCLUSIONS The neuromuscular control to maintain the stretching of the middle finger against the elastic load gave rise to the three frequency components in physiological tremor.
Yin and yang of tumor inflammation: How innate immune suppressors shape the tumor microenvironments

Pattern recognition‐mediated sensing systems direct host immunity towards either antitumor immunosurveillance or protumorigenic inflammation. These activities imply dual and conflicting roles in the regulation of tumor‐associated inflammation. On the one hand, recent evidence has revealed that several signaling components and cell‐surface receptors suppress innate immune signals and constitute a negative feedback machinery preventing excess and continuous inflammation within tumor microenvironments. On the other hand, these same components also negatively regulate intrinsic tumorigenic activities by targeting nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB)‐mediated antiapoptotic and inflammatory signals. Furthermore, the activation status of innate immune suppressors may reflect the functional plasticity of interactions between tumor cells and innate immune cells and determine whether tumor inflammation supports anti‐ or pro‐tumorigenic responses. Thus, innate immune suppressors may provide valuable information about the immunogenic or tumorigenic status of tumor‐associated inflammation thereby serving as potential biomarkers that predict tumor progression. Comprehensive analysis for identifying general and unique features of each innate immune suppressor in the regulation of tumor inflammation should explore the development of new biomarkers for improving future therapeutic strategies.
Two-Phase Degradation Process Model With Abrupt Jump at Change Point Governed by Wiener Process

Observations on degradation performance are often used to analyze the underlying degradation process of highly reliable products. From the two-phase degradation path of the bearing performance observations, we observed that there exists an abrupt increase in degradation measurement at a change point. Then, the following degradation process started with the abrupt degradation measurement will degrade in a higher degradation rate. Here, a stochastic process-based degradation model is constructed to interpret the jump at the change point in the degradation process which is governed by the linear Wiener process. Meanwhile, the distribution of the first passage time over a prespecified threshold for the process is discussed. In addition, to get the estimates of the model parameter, the expectation-maximization algorithm is utilized since the change points are unobservable. Furthermore, to demonstrate the model's advantages over estimate, a comparison is made between the proposed and the existing known models from the literature. The results reveal that considering the jump in the degradation process can improve the accuracy of estimations in real applications.
Cyclic codes over the ring $\mathbb{F}_p[u, v, w]/\langle u^2, v^2, w^2, uv-vu, vw-wv, uw-wu \rangle$

In this paper, we investigate cyclic codes over the ring $ \mathbb{F}_p[u,v,w]\langle u^2,$ $v^2, w^2$, $uv-vu, vw-wv, uw-wu \rangle$, where $p$ is a prime number. Which is a part of family of Frobenius rings. We find a unique set of generators for these codes and characterize the free cyclic codes. We also study the rank and the Hamming distance of these codes. We also constructs some good $p-ary$ codes as the Gray images of these cyclic codes.
A strain-based ultrasound elastography using phase shift with prior estimates and meshfree shape function

A strain-based elastography is developed to identify lesions from the phase information of ultrasonic radio frequency (RF) signals in this study: a phase shift method using prior estimates is first applied to recover the axial displacement from RF signals, followed by a meshfree method to compute a smooth strain field from estimated displacement. The numerical complexity of our phase shift method can be reduced largely after using prior estimates without losing the accuracy comparing to popular techniques. Furthermore, our meshfree-based strain estimator can maintain the C1 continuity when calculating the strain map from the axial displacement. Each step of our framework is verified in synthetic data and real phantom data collected by ultrasound machine separately. The performance of our framework is also compared to popular techniques in ultrasound elastography in term of accuracy and efficiency. Overall, our framework shows a great potential in real time ultrasound elastography because of its higher efficiency and accuracy.
The Satiating Properties of Pork are not Affected by Cooking Methods, Sousvide Holding Time or Mincing in Healthy Men—A Randomized Cross-Over Meal Test Study

Low temperature long time (LTLT) sous-vide cooking may modify meat proteins in a way that could promote satiety. We investigated the effects of (1) cooking method (LTLT 58 °C vs. oven 160 °C), (2) LTLT holding time (17 h vs. 72 min), and (3) pork structure, LTLT 58 °C for 17 h (minced vs. roast) on appetite regulation and in vitro protein digestibility. In a cross-over study, 37 healthy men consumed four meals containing pork: LTLT-cooked roast, 58 °C, 72 min; LTLT-cooked roast, 58 °C, 17 h; and, oven-cooked roast, 160 °C to a core temperature of 58 °C and LTLT-cooked minced patties, 58 °C, 17 h. Ad libitum energy intake (EI) after three hours was the primary endpoint. Moreover, subjective appetite sensations were assessed. Protein digestibility was determined in an in vitro simulated digestion model. Ad libitum EI did not differ between the meals. Furthermore, appetite ratings were not clearly affected. LTLT cooking for 72 min increased the proteolytic rate in the early gastric phase during digestion as compared to LTLT cooking for 17 h or oven cooking. In conclusion, LTLT cooking, LTLT holding time, and pork structure did not affect ad libitum EI. However, LTLT cooking at 58 °C for 72 min seemed to enhance in vitro protein digestibility.
Recent Advances in Delay Cell VCOs [Application Notes]

In this article, a review of commonly used delay cell techniques in ring VCO design was covered. Design limitations such as area, power, jitter, and phase noise performance were compared for ring and LC VCOs. These parameters were compared for several delay cell topologies throughout the paper. The tunable and flexible bandwidth criterion combined with low-noise characteristics, low power, and small-area properties are the main concern of industrial engineers in design ing and choosing a proper resonator topology suitable for their respective applications. We described a num ber of the most common delay cell structures to make it easier for engineers to have a wider perspective on ring resonators.
Diverse Compiling for Software-Based Recovery of Permanent Faults in COTS Processors

Digital systems used in critical infrastructures have to fulfill ever higher demands on performance and cost efficiency. Thus, there is the trend to commercial off-the-shelf processors. To ensure a correct functioning of such devices, even after a long time of operation, mechanisms to recover from permanent hardware faults (e.g. due to wear-out effects) are needed. However, there is a lack of flexible low-cost software-based fault mitigation approaches that do not base on a costly exhaustive redundancy. To address this challenge, we show how to adapt the software execution such that the faulty hardware resource is no longer used. We propose to update the embedded device with an adapted binary that is generated on a remote server with diverse compiling. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach allows recovering from 99% of internal memory and 52% of register faults.