Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification, Expression, and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Human Endoplasmic Reticulum Mannosidase I, the Enzyme That Catalyzes the First Mannose Trimming Step in Mammalian Asn-linked Oligosaccharide Biosynthesis*

We have isolated a full-length cDNA clone encoding a human α1,2-mannosidase that catalyzes the first mannose trimming step in the processing of mammalian Asn-linked oligosaccharides. This enzyme has been proposed to regulate the timing of quality control glycoprotein degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. Human expressed sequence tag clones were identified by sequence similarity to mammalian and yeast oligosaccharide-processing mannosidases, and the full-length coding region of the putative mannosidase homolog was isolated by a combination of 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends and direct polymerase chain reaction from human placental cDNA. The open reading frame predicted a 663-amino acid type II transmembrane polypeptide with a short cytoplasmic tail (47 amino acids), a single transmembrane domain (22 amino acids), and a large COOH-terminal catalytic domain (594 amino acids). Northern blots detected a transcript of ∼2.8 kilobase pairs that was ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. Expression of an epitope-tagged full-length form of the human mannosidase homolog in normal rat kidney cells resulted in an ER pattern of localization. When a recombinant protein, consisting of protein A fused to the COOH-terminal luminal domain of the human mannosidase homolog, was expressed in COS cells, the fusion protein was found to cleave only a single α1,2-mannose residue from Man9GlcNAc2 to produce a unique Man8GlcNAc2 isomer (Man8B). The mannose cleavage reaction required divalent cations as indicated by inhibition with EDTA or EGTA and reversal of the inhibition by the addition of Ca2+. The enzyme was also sensitive to inhibition by deoxymannojirimycin and kifunensine, but not swainsonine. The results on the localization, substrate specificity, and inhibitor profiles indicate that the cDNA reported here encodes an enzyme previously designated ER mannosidase I. Enzyme reactions using a combination of human ER mannosidase I and recombinant Golgi mannosidase IA indicated that that these two enzymes are complementary in their cleavage of Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides to Man5GlcNAc2.
Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada

of the manus and pes as in a very immature specimen 8782), libratus the first ungual of the manus, in Daspletosaurus, is strongly curved. The lengths of the ribs are entirely conjectural, the increase in rib length is apparently too rapid in more mature individuals to have been sustained throughout the ontogeny of the animal. It an estimation of the actual appearance of a very young of libratus, as means of on misinterpretations into it.
[Otitis media with effusion in children].

滲出性中耳炎は鼓膜穿孔のない中耳腔に長期間 貯溜液が存在する状態で,国 内では約20年 前 より 著 しい増加を示 し盛んに論議 されるようになった 幼小児難聴の一大原因である. 症 状は軽度か ら中 等度の難聴以外にはな く,4~5歳 以下に多 く, 両側性が多 く慢性に経過す るため発見が遅れ,情 操の発達や性格形成に も悪影響を及ぼし,か つ学 業成績にも影響をあたえる点で,学 校保健とかか わる重要な耳鼻咽喉科疾患でもある. そ の原因 には耳管機能不全,1型 アレルギ_3),細 菌感染 を引金 としたIII型アレルギー,ウ イルスの関与 などの説があるが,発 症機序の詳細はいまだに明 らかでない. 成 因は一元的ではなく,い ろいろな 因子が発症,増 悪に関与 していると考えられてい る. また,急 性中耳炎の既往 との関係も深 く,我 々 も,小 児急性中耳炎の約10%が 滲出性中耳炎へと 移行するとい う経験をしている. 滲 出性中耳炎 貯溜液からは,急 性中耳炎の起炎菌である肺炎双 球菌やインフルエンザ菌が しぼしば検出され,ま たエソ ドトキシンも高率に検出された り,免 疫複 合体の存在が貯溜液中に証明されるなど,急 性中 耳炎の炎症産物が炎症の消退後にも処理されずに 存在するために,中 耳粘膜の傷害が持続して滲出 性中耳炎へと移行するとの推測 もされている. この滲出性中耳炎の臨床所見,診 断,治 療な ど について述べる.
A Novel Wilkinson Power Divider Using Open Stubs for The Suppression of Harmonics

─ In this paper, the design process of a novel Wilkinson power divider is presented. The proposed power divider features a simple structure with open stubs at each port. With slight changes of the dimensions of open stubs, designed power divider can suppress combinations of each two desired order harmonic simultaneously. From the measured results, 45 dB and 43 dB suppression for 3 and 5 harmonics is obtained, respectively. The proposed power divider has an insertion loss less than 0.1 dB, input return loss better than 31 dB, output return loss better than 51 dB, and better than 43 dB of isolation at 1.65 GHz. Index Terms ─ Harmonic suppression, open stub, and Wilkinson power divider.
Vulnerability for reentry in a three dimensional model of human atria: a simulation study

Atrial tachycardias are the most common cardiac arrhythmias in clinical practice, which induce changes in atrial properties that help to perpetuate them. These changes are called “atrial remodeling”. Recent studies have shown that rapid ectopic activity principally on the pulmonary veins can trigger reentrant mechanisms and lead to atrial tachycardias. However, the influences of ectopic foci location, the number of ectopic beats and its frequency on the likelihood of triggering reentries are not well known. In this work the effects of electrical remodeling were incorporated in an atrial cell model and integrated in a three-dimensional model of human atria, to develop a study of vulnerability for reentries. To carry out the study, an ectopic beat and a burst of six ectopic beats at two different frequencies were applied in six different locations in the atria. The results show greater vulnerability in the left pulmonary veins when we applied a single ectopic beat. When we increase the number of ectopic beats to six, a greater width of the vulnerable window was observed when ectopic focus frequency was high. The location, the number of ectopic beats and their frequency affect the vulnerability for reentry.
Scalable Online Betweenness Centrality in Evolving Graphs

Betweenness centrality is a classic measure that quantifies the importance of a graph element (vertex or edge) according to the fraction of shortest paths passing through it. This measure is notoriously expensive to compute, and the best known algorithm runs in O(nm) time. The problems of efficiency and scalability are exacerbated in a dynamic setting, where the input is an evolving graph seen edge by edge, and the goal is to keep the betweenness centrality up to date. In this paper, we propose the first truly scalable algorithm for online computation of betweenness centrality of both vertices and edges in an evolving graph where new edges are added and existing edges are removed. Our algorithm is carefully engineered with out-of-core techniques and tailored for modern parallel stream processing engines that run on clusters of shared-nothing commodity hardware. Hence, it is amenable to real-world deployment. We experiment on graphs that are two orders of magnitude larger than previous studies. Our method is able to keep the betweenness centrality measures up-to-date online, i.e., the time to update the measures is smaller than the inter-arrival time between two consecutive updates.
Effect of modeling of induction generator based wind generating systems on CCT

For understanding the dynamic behavior and assessing the stability of induction generator based wind generation system, the system should be modeled accurately. Power system transient stability is usually assessed in terms of critical clearing time (CCT) of fault. CCT determines the time for which the wind generating systems can be connected to the grid, when the grid is subjected to a fault. In the literature, CCT of induction generator based wind generation system connected to the grid was determined by assuming the mechanical torque output of wind turbine as constant throughout the fault simulation. However, while determining CCT, the mechanical torque output of wind turbine, before and after the fault cannot be considered as a constant as the mechanical torque-speed characteristic of a wind turbine depends on the wind speed and the slip of the induction generator connected to the wind turbine. During fault, the slip of the induction generator changes and hence mechanical torque output of wind turbine also changes accordingly. The results of CCTs obtained by considering nonlinear mechanical torque-speed characteristic of wind turbine are presented and are compared with CCTs obtained with the mechanical torque output of wind turbine assumed constant.
A robust real-coded genetic algorithm using Unimodal Normal Distribution Crossover augmented by Uniform Crossover: effects of self-adaptation of crossover probabilities

This paper presents a robust real-coded genetic algorithm using the Unimodal Normal Distribution Crossover (UNDX) enhanced by the Uniform Crossover (UX). The UNDX has an advantage, which most other crossover operators do not have, that it can efficiently optimize functions with strong epistasis among parameters. However, the UNDX has a disadvantage that there can be some areas where the UNDX cannot sufficiently generates individuals by using a given initial population. Contrary to this, the UX has an advantage that it can make individuals in areas where the UNDX cannot with the same initial population and has a disadvantage that it cannot efficiently optimize functions with epistasis among parameters. To make use of the advantages of the UNDX and the UX that are complementary to each other, we introduce a mechanism of adapting the operator probabilities according to the characteristics of a given function. Through some experiments, we show the robustness of the proposed method by demonstrating that the proposed method can solve more various functions than a GA using only the UNDX.
Effect of nutrient amendments on bacterioplankton production, community structure, and DOC utilization in the northwestern Sargasso Sea

Bacterial abundance, DOC concentrations, and bacterioplankton community structure (using PCR-based techniques) were measured in 5 seawater culture experiments conducted near the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Cultures were amended with inorganic and organic nutrients, alone or in combination, to test the existence of the 'malfunctioning microbial loop' during late spring and summer at BATS. Objectives of the study were to determine whether (1) alleviating grazing pressure and inorganic nutrient limitation stimulated DOC remineralization by bacterioplankton; (2) a combination of organic and inorganic nutrients affect bacterial production and utilization of seasonally accumulated DOC; and (3) shifts in bacterioplankton community structure are associated with nutrient amendment and DOC utilization. In unamended cultures natural assemblages of surface bacterioplankton did not utilize detectable amounts of naturally occurring 'semi-labile' DOC over time-scales of days to weeks. Neither bacterial production nor utilization of DOC was enhanced with the addition of inorganic N or P (alone or in combination). Labile DOC amendments stimulated bacterial production and DOC utilization, even in the absence of measurable inorganic nutrients, indicating that the bacterioplankton assemblage was initially energy limited, but did not stimulate utilization of seasonally accumulated DOC. The combination of inorganic N and P with labile DOC enhanced both bacterial production and utilization of 'semi-labile' DOC. Changes in bacterioplankton community rDNA gene profiles were minor in the control and inorganic treatments; however, utilization of 'semi-labile' DOC in the organic plus inorganic nutrient treatments coincided with significant changes in bacterioplankton community structure. These data suggest that bacterioplankton community structure, as well as nutrient regime, may be important factors governing the utilization of recalcitrant DOC substrates in the northwestern Sargasso Sea.
Independent Component Analysis based Denoising of Magnetic Resonance Images

Denoising is an essential step for most of the digital image processing systems. Image denoising involves the manipulation of the image data to produce a visually high quality image. MRI images are always corrupted by random noises. In denoising of magnetic resonance images it is very important to preserve the useful details rather than just increasing its peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) value. Different noise models including additive and multiplicative types are used. They include Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, speckle noise. This paper uses Independent component analysis (ICA) for denoising of noisy MRI’s. A comparative analysis was also performed, the output obtained by independent component analysis were compared with that obtained from discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The comparative analysis shows that the independent component analysis is better than the discrete wavelet transform in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Mean square error (MSE) and Mean structural similarity index metric (MSSIM).
Ship motion prediction based on AGA-LSSVM

The nuclear function parameter and penalty parameter is a pivotal factor which decides performance of Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LSSVM). Common used parameters selection method for LSSVM is cross-validation, which is complicated calculation and takes a very long time. To solve these problems, a new approach based on an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) was proposed, which automatically adjusts the parameters for LSSVM, this method selects crossover probability and mutation probability according to the fitness values of the object function, therefore reduces the convergence time and improves the precision of genetic algorithm (GA), insuring the accuracy of parameter selection. This method was applied to ship motion prediction, and simulation results showed the validity to improving the prediction accuracy.
EMIC Wave Events During the Four GEM QARBM Challenge Intervals

This paper presents observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves from multiple data sources during the four Geospace Environment Modeling challenge events in 2013 selected by the Geospace Environment Modeling Quantitative Assessment of Radiation Belt Modeling focus group: 17 and 18 March (stormtime enhancement), 31 May to 2 June (stormtime dropout), 19 and 20 September (nonstorm enhancement), and 23–25 September (nonstorm dropout). Observations include EMIC wave data from the Van Allen Probes, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft in the near‐equatorial magnetosphere and from several arrays of ground‐based search coil magnetometers worldwide, as well as localized ring current proton precipitation data from low‐altitude Polar Operational Environmental Satellite spacecraft. Each of these data sets provides only limited spatial coverage, but their combination shows consistent occurrence patterns and reveals some events that would not be identified as significant using near‐equatorial spacecraft alone. Relativistic and ultrarelativistic electron flux observations, phase space density data, and pitch angle distributions based on data from the Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope and Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer instruments on the Van Allen Probes during these events show two cases during which EMIC waves are likely to have played an important role in causing major flux dropouts of ultrarelativistic electrons, particularly near L* ~4.0. In three other cases, identifiable smaller and more short‐lived dropouts appeared, and in five other cases, these waves evidently had little or no effect.
Bayesian Inference for Model Choice

Two nested or non-nested candidate sampling models for an observed data set may be compared by consideration of summaries of a probability plot, which contrasts the posterior quantiles of the log-likelihoods under the two models. The procedures address both preference inference and refutation inference, and extensions to DIC and alternatives to AIC are developed. Preference inference favors models with more parameters, perhaps on a tentative basis when further data are anticipated, while refutation inference emphasizes parameter parsimony. A characterization relating to an α-profile motivates the comparison of the posterior medians of the log-likelihoods, when considering simple model preference. For nested models, a stronger omega-preference procedure is developed via a Bayes-frequency compromise. The Bayes-frequency performances of the different preference and refutation inference procedures are investigated when the models are nested. While attention is primarily confined to model inference within the linear paradigm, most of the methods are approximately applicable in a range of non-linear cases. A Gamma approximation to an Upsilon distribution facilitates a general approach, for the linear model with unknown variance. A data set for 71 hypertensive diabetic patients is analyzed, and a symptom of high blood pressure is related to four out of the eight explanatory variables available. of Statistics at the Universities of Wisconsin-Madison and Edinburgh, is retired and lives at 4/3 Hopetoun Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH7 4AY. The authors would like to thank Angelika van der Linde for her helpful advice on the literature.
Safety of deferasirox in sickle cell disease patients with co‐existing liver impairment

We read with interest the letter from Dr Sinakos and associates. The authors questioned the details concerning a patient who died of multiorgan failure who was noted to have a history of Hepatitis-C virus infection (Vichinsky et al, 2011). We agree that more information concerning this patient would be helpful but did not include details of each death due to manuscript length requirements. This patient with sickle cell anaemia had a history that included chronic transfusions, marked haemosiderosis, recurrent cerebral vascular accidents, and many other complications of sickle cell disease. The patient had a history of Hepatitis-C antibody positivity for an extended period of time, but had documented negative Hepatitis-C RNA. During the enrollment eligibility period, the laboratory demonstrated negative Hepatitis-C RNA and stable liver functions. Serial liver function tests performed from the beginning of the study and throughout the treatment period were stable and improving. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) gradually fell, from 168 to 164 ll and from 181 to 124 ll, respectively. In addition, the c-glutamyl transferase (GGT) gradually decreased, from 249 to 167 ll. Throughout the treatment period, the total protein, bilirubin, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) did not significantly change, and the platelet count remained normal. The study dose of deferasirox increased from 10 mg/ kg to 20 mg/kg during the first year and remained at that dose. The ferritin gradually fell during the first year, from 13 280 to 8571 lg/l and remained elevated. The liver
Ringed Structures of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk Revealed by ALMA.

We present Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array observations of the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 that trace the spatial distribution of millimeter-sized particles and cold molecular gas on spatial scales as small as 25 astronomical units (A.U.). The image of the disk recorded in the 1.3 mm continuum emission reveals three dark concentric rings that indicate the presence of dust depleted gaps at about 60, 100, and 160 A.U. from the central star. The maps of the ^{12}CO, ^{13}CO, and C^{18}O J=2-1 emission do not show such structures but reveal a change in the slope of the radial intensity profile across the positions of the dark rings in the continuum image. By comparing the observations with theoretical models for the disk emission, we find that the density of CO molecules is reduced inside the middle and outer dust gaps. However, in the inner ring there is no evidence of CO depletion. From the measurements of the dust and gas densities, we deduce that the gas-to-dust ratio varies across the disk and, in particular, it increases by at least a factor 5 within the inner dust gap compared to adjacent regions of the disk. The depletion of both dust and gas suggests that the middle and outer rings could be due to the gravitational torque exerted by two Saturn-mass planets orbiting at 100 and 160 A.U. from the star. On the other hand, the inner dust gap could result from dust accumulation at the edge of a magnetorotational instability dead zone, or from dust opacity variations at the edge of the CO frost line. Observations of the dust emission at higher angular resolution and of molecules that probe dense gas are required to establish more precisely the origins of the dark rings observed in the HD 163296 disk.
Hexagonal hierarchical cartogram: Towards a thematic map of Brazil

The popularity and availability of digital tools has boosted the use of thematic maps in infographics and data visualizations. Unlike general purpose maps, thematic maps are aimed at communicating the spatial distribution of a particular topic or theme, such as population density, voter preference or income. Since thematic maps have been more often studied and tailored for European and North American countries, some of them need adjustment to properly represent Brazilian states, according to their needs. The aim of this paper is to present the hexagonal hierarchical cartogram, which represents Brazilian states in a normalized geographical format using single-hue color scales to show magnitude. We demonstrate its use by mapping average grades obtained by students of all Brazilian states in a national exam called ENEM (Exame Nacional do Ensino Medio).
Variants of the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) genes and colorectal cancer risk.

CONTEXT Current epidemiological evidence suggests an association between obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and colorectal cancer risk. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue, and serum levels are inversely correlated with obesity and hyperinsulinemia. While there is evidence of an association between circulating adiponectin levels and colorectal cancer risk, no association between genes of the adiponectin pathway and colorectal cancer have been reported to date. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of 10 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) genes with colorectal cancer risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Two case-control studies including patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and controls were recruited between 2000 and 2007. Case-control study 1 included a total of 441 patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and 658 controls; both groups were of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and from New York, New York. Case-control study 2 included 199 patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and 199 controls from Chicago, Illinois, matched 1:1 for sex, age, and ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1 SNP frequency among cases and controls. RESULTS In study 1, after adjustment for age, sex, and SNPs from the same gene, 3 ADIPOQ SNPs and 1 ADIPOR1 SNP were associated with colorectal cancer risk: rs266729 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.95) and rs822396 (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14-1.00) were associated with decreased risk whereas rs822395 (AOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.09-2.84) and rs1342387 (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.18-2.72) were associated with increased risk. In study 2, after adjustment for age, sex, race, and SNPs from the same gene, the ADIPOQ SNP rs266729 was associated with a decreased colorectal cancer risk of similar magnitude as in study 1 (AOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34-0.78). Combined analysis of both studies shows an association of rs266729 with decreased colorectal cancer risk (AOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53-0.99). CONCLUSION The SNP rs266729, which tags the 5' flanking region of the ADIPOQ gene, is associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk.