Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Analogical Inferences Formed from Automatically Generated Representations of Scientific Publications

Humans regularly exploit analogical reasoning to generate potentially novel and useful inferences. We outline the Dr Inventor model that identifies analogies between research publications, describing recent work to evaluate the inferences that are generated by the system. Its inferences, in the form of subjectverb-object triples, can involve arbitrary combinations of source and target information. We evaluate three approaches to assess the quality of inferences. Firstly, we explore an n-gram based approach (derived from the Dr Inventor corpus). Secondly, we use ConceptNet as a basis for evaluating inferences. Finally, we explore the use of Watson Concept Insights (WCI) to support our inference evaluation process. Dealing with novel inferences arising from an ever growing corpus is a central concern throughout.
Spatial [Elements] Decision Support System Used in Disaster Management

Natural disasters profoundly affect the development of human society, they are the most pervasive disasters in the world and they cause the greatest property and human loss. Considering the natural disasters that have struck Romania these years, we believe that is it is absolutely necessary to develop a spatial [elements] decision support system, which would prevent - as much as possible - natural disasters from occurring or would help mitigate their effects. All these objectives are unattainable without effectively applying information and communication technology in the field of natural disasters.
Building a self-healing embedded system in a multi-OS environment

In this paper we describe our approach to improve dependability of a commodity OS for embedded systems. Usually it is too difficult for end-users to resolve the problem inside a single OS, especially for embedded systems. We propose a self-healing mechanism for Linux kernel to improve the system dependability without any operations by administrators. This paper presents our white box approach for monitoring and recovering Linux kernel. Key components are a system monitor and a virtual machine monitor. The system monitor is used to detect the inconsistency of data structures inside Linux kernel. The virtual machine monitor provides a multi-OS environment and it isolates the system monitor from Linux kernel. In a multi-OS environment, the system monitor is able to resolve failures inside Linux kernel without stopping crucial services running on another OS. We have developed a prototype for an embedded system to verify our approach. The experiment results show that our system can remove hidden processes and reload buggy kernel modules. The performance evaluation results show that our self-healing mechanism can be used even when Linux kernel is heavily-loaded and the overhead of the system monitor is vanishingly small in actual use.
Achieving Full Sum DoF in the SISO Interference Channel With Feedback Delay

Channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is of utmost importance to manage interference in multi-user wireless networks, in which transmission rates at a high signal-to-noise ratio are characterized by (sum) degrees of freedom (DoF). Ingenious techniques have been proposed to deal with delayed CSIT, notably a scheme by Maddah-Ali and Tse, providing significant DoF with outdated CSIT. However, with most techniques, any delay in the CSIT feedback still results in a DoF loss. A notable exception is the work by Lee and Heath, allowing one to preserve the optimal DoF in the underdetermined MISO BC and IC, but for feedback delays Tfb decreasing with the number of users K, up to a fraction 1/K of the channel coherence time Tc. In this work, an ergodic interference alignment scheme that preserves the K/2 sum DoF of the K-user IC is proposed for Tfb ≤ Tc/2. It is also proven that Tfb = Tc/2 is the longest for which the optimal K/2 DoF can still be obtained for all K.
The Politics of Welfare State Reform in Continental Europe: Determinants of Successful Pension Reform in Continental Europe

This book challenges existing theories of welfare state change by analyzing pension reforms in France, Germany, and Switzerland between 1970 and 2004. It explains why all three countries were able to adopt far-reaching reforms, adapting their pension regimes to both financial austerity and new social risks. In a radical departure from the neo-institutionalist emphasis on policy stability, the book argues that socio-structural change has led to a multidimensional pension reform agenda. A variety of cross-cutting lines of political conflict, emerging from the transition to a post-industrial economy, allowed governments to engage in strategies of political exchange and coalition-building, fostering broad cross-class coalitions in support of major reform packages. Methodologically, the book proposes a novel strategy to analyze lines of conflict, configurations of political actors, and coalitional dynamics over time. This strategy combines quantitative analyses of actor configurations based on coded policy positions with in-depth case studies.
Adapting Engagement e-mails to Users' Characteristics

Although some online communities have been able to pro- duce high quality products and to engage thousands of users, community designers usually struggle to engage new users and increase the level of contribution of current users. Some researchers have explored approaches to persuade users to collaborate. An important strand of this research area is based on sending messages to the current users and manipulate the content of the message in order to evaluate their effectiveness. Men- tioning the benefits of contributing has been tested, however the results of different studies have been contradictory. One of them have reported a positive effect in the contribution rate, but other one found that men- tioning benefits has depressed the level of contribution. Our hypothesis is that the effectiveness of messages may depend on other users’ vari- ables and not in the content message only. To test our hypothesis, we performed a study to evaluate the effect of messages mentioning commu- nity and personal benefits in different users’ cohorts. Levels of previous participation in the system and demographic data were tested in order to explain differences in the effectiveness of this engagement strategy.
An alternative to the cosmological 'concordance model'

Precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background by WMAP are believed to have established a flat $\Lambda$-dominated universe, seeded by nearly scale-invariant adiabatic primordial fluctuations. However by relaxing the hypothesis that the fluctuation spectrum can be described by a single power law, we demonstrate that an Einstein-de Sitter universe with {\em zero} cosmological constant can fit the data as well as the best concordance model. Moreover unlike a $\Lambda$-dominated universe, such an universe has no strong integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, so is in better agreement with the low quadrupole seen by WMAP. The main problem is that the Hubble constant is required to be rather low: $H_0 \simeq 46$ km/s/Mpc; we discuss whether this can be consistent with observations. Furthermore for universes consisting only of baryons and cold dark matter, the amplitude of matter fluctuations on cluster scales is too high, a problem which seems generic. However, an additional small contribution ($\Omega_X \sim 0.1$) of matter which does not cluster on small scales, e.g. relic neutrinos with mass of order eV or a `quintessence' with $w \sim 0$, can alleviate this problem. Such models provide a satisfying description of the power spectrum derived from the 2dF galaxy redshift survey and from observations of the Ly-$\alpha$ forest. We conclude that Einstein-de Sitter models can indeed accommodate all data on the large scale structure of the Universe, hence the Hubble diagram of distant Type Ia supernovae remains the only {\em direct} evidence for a non-zero cosmological constant.
Lift and Drainage of Electrically Conducting Power Law Fluid on a Vertical Cylinder

In this work, the theoretical study of steady flow for lift and drainage of P ower law MHD fluid on a vertical cylinder is presented. The governing nonlinear differential equation has been derived from the momentum equation. The resulting equation is then solved using Perturbation method. Series solutions have been obtained for velocity, flow rate and average velocity in both cases. The graphical results for velocity profile is discussed and examined for diff erent parameters of interest. Without MHD our problem reduces to well known Newtonian and Power law problem.
Physical properties of volume holographic recording utilizing photo-initiated polymerization for nonvolatile digital data storage

The physical properties of photopolymer grating formation are, for the first time, investigated elaborately with respect to I, and (Lambda) . The dynamics of holographic recording with constant exposure energy (15mJ/cm2), are evaluated for a wide range of different I (mW/cm2 - W/cm2), and for a few typical (Lambda) (0.5 - 3.5 micrometer), in a material utilizing cationing-ring-opening polymerization (Polaroid CROP ULSH-500B). Diffusion was evaluated to limit the photo- initiated recording sensitivity at high I(greater than W/cm2 approximately (Lambda) -2). At the same time, however, the significant post-exposure grating development observed for diffusion limited recordings, was identified to allow eventually for equally high sensitive final gratings (approximately 3 - 5 cm/mJ) without reciprocity, or diffusion limitations. Based on these observations, a new physical model was developed that describes more accurately holographic recording utilizing photo-initiated polymerization, and accounts successfully for the observed physical properties of grating formation.
Formal Semantics for Workkow Computations

Workkows are composite multitask activities that accommodate the demands of heterogeneous environments by relaxing the semantic properties of traditional transactions. Workkows are increasingly important in modern computing. But to realize their full potential, they must be speciied declaratively , reasoned about formally, and scheduled automatically. Although declarative approaches based on intertask dependencies exist, the semantic or model-theoretic aspects of dependencies have not been fully understood. Further, current approaches are restricted to loop-free tasks. We propose a rigorous formal semantics for workkow computations and dependencies. Our approach represents intertask dependencies as algebraic expressions. It uses eecient symbolic reasoning to capture scheduler transitions and changes of state. It includes an equational system that is guaranteed to yield the most general answers for scheduling, yet is sound and complete.
Rapid Activation of Plasticity-Associated Gene Transcription in Hippocampal Neurons Provides a Mechanism for Encoding of One-Trial Experience

The hippocampus is hypothesized to support rapid encoding of ongoing experience. A critical prerequisite for such function is the ability to readily recruit enduring synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory consolidation require expression of the immediate-early gene (IEG) Arc. To determine whether Arc transcription could be driven by limited and controlled behavioral experience, we used a rectangular track paradigm. In past electrophysiological studies, pyramidal neurons recorded from rats running in one direction on similar tracks typically exhibited a single firing field. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we show that the behavioral activity associated with a single lap around the track was sufficient to trigger Arc transcription in complete CA3 neuronal ensembles, as predicted given the role of CA3 in one-trial learning. In contrast, Arc transcription in CA1 ensembles was recruited incrementally, with maximal activation achieved after four laps a day for 4 consecutive days. To test whether Arc transcription is linked to learning and plasticity, or merely elicited by location-specific firing, we inactivated the medial septum, a treatment that compromises hippocampus-dependent learning and LTP but spares location-specific firing in CA1 neurons. Septal inactivation abolished track training-induced Arc transcription in CA1 and CA3 neurons, showing that Arc transcription requires plasticity-inducing stimuli. Accordingly, LTP induction activated Arc transcription in CA1 neurons in vivo. These findings demonstrate for the first time that a single brief experience, equivalent to a single crossing of a firing field, can trigger IEG expression required for long-term plasticity in the hippocampus.
Social Justice and School Administration: An Agenda for Our Future.

Schools are inextricably embedded within their socio-cultural-economic milieu. Rather than joining in bemoaning the systemic origins of injustices, school administrators will increasingly be challenged to seize the opportunities to promote positive societal trends within the microcosm of the school. Vehicles for furthering social justice in schools include the fashioning of pedagogies which are responsive to learners' diverse interests, curricula which link profoundly with the full breadth of backgrounds, naturalistic forms of evaluation based on more pluralistic conceptions of intelligence, staffing reflective of schools' communities, and inclusive, consultative leadership styles.
Cholesterol: Its Regulation and Role in Central Nervous System Disorders

Cholesterol is a major constituent of the human brain, and the brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ. Numerous lipoprotein receptors and apolipoproteins are expressed in the brain. Cholesterol is tightly regulated between the major brain cells and is essential for normal brain development. The metabolism of brain cholesterol differs markedly from that of other tissues. Brain cholesterol is primarily derived by de novo synthesis and the blood brain barrier prevents the uptake of lipoprotein cholesterol from the circulation. Defects in cholesterol metabolism lead to structural and functional central nervous system diseases such as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, Niemann-Pick type C disease, and Alzheimer's disease. These diseases affect different metabolic pathways (cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid transport and lipoprotein assembly, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein receptors, and signaling molecules). We review the metabolic pathways of cholesterol in the CNS and its cell-specific and microdomain-specific interaction with other pathways such as the amyloid precursor protein and discuss potential treatment strategies as well as the effects of the widespread use of LDL cholesterol-lowering drugs on brain functions.
A Brain-Machine Interface Enables Bimanual Arm Movements in Monkeys

Large-scale recordings from monkey cortex enabled simultaneous control of two avatar arms through a brain-machine interface. Bimanual Control: The Arms Have It Millions of people worldwide suffer from sensory and motor deficits caused by spinal cord lesions. Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are artificial systems that hold promise for restoring mobility and sensation to such patients by connecting intact brain regions to assistive devices. Previous studies have developed BMIs that control single prosthetic arms, but have not offered users the ability to coordinate two artificial arms at the same time. Ifft et al. now describe a BMI that uses cortical activity to control two arms simultaneously in monkeys. For this bimanual BMI control, nearly 500 neurons were recorded concurrently from various cortical areas in each of two monkeys. A custom decoding algorithm transformed this large-scale activity into independent control of two avatar arms that performed reaching movements in virtual reality. Two monkeys perfected bimanual operations within 15 days of training. Eventually, they were able to move the avatar arms without moving their own arms. A detailed analysis revealed a widespread cortical plasticity underlying this learning. These findings should help in the design of more sophisticated BMIs capable of enabling bimanual motor control in human patients. Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are artificial systems that aim to restore sensation and movement to paralyzed patients. So far, BMIs have enabled only one arm to be moved at a time. Control of bimanual arm movements remains a major challenge. We have developed and tested a bimanual BMI that enables rhesus monkeys to control two avatar arms simultaneously. The bimanual BMI was based on the extracellular activity of 374 to 497 neurons recorded from several frontal and parietal cortical areas of both cerebral hemispheres. Cortical activity was transformed into movements of the two arms with a decoding algorithm called a fifth-order unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The UKF was trained either during a manual task performed with two joysticks or by having the monkeys passively observe the movements of avatar arms. Most cortical neurons changed their modulation patterns when both arms were engaged simultaneously. Representing the two arms jointly in a single UKF decoder resulted in improved decoding performance compared with using separate decoders for each arm. As the animals’ performance in bimanual BMI control improved over time, we observed widespread plasticity in frontal and parietal cortical areas. Neuronal representation of the avatar and reach targets was enhanced with learning, whereas pairwise correlations between neurons initially increased and then decreased. These results suggest that cortical networks may assimilate the two avatar arms through BMI control. These findings should help in the design of more sophisticated BMIs capable of enabling bimanual motor control in human patients.
Reduced Cerebrovascular CO2 Reactivity in CADASIL: A Transcranial Doppler Sonography Study

Background and Purpose— Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary angiopathy caused by mutations in Notch3. Cerebral microvessels show an accumulation of granular osmiophilic material in the vicinity of degenerating vascular smooth muscle cells. To study cerebrovascular function in CADASIL, we performed measurements on cerebral hemodynamics by using transcranial Doppler sonography. Methods— Middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean blood flow velocity (MFV), cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, and the resistance index were measured by bilateral transcranial Doppler sonography in 29 CADASIL individuals (mean age, 49.0±2.4 years) and an equal number of age- and sex-matched control subjects. Results— Compared with control subjects, CO2 reactivity was reduced in CADASIL (33.4±2.7% versus 45.3±3.0%;P <0.01). This difference remained significant when only nondisabled CADASIL individuals (Rankin=0, n=21) were included in the analysis (P <0.05). CO2 reactivity was significantly lower in disabled than in nondisabled CADASIL individuals (24.5±2.7% versus 36.8±3.4%;P <0.05). MCA MFV was reduced in CADASIL (45.6±2.2 cm/s versus 54.2±2.4 cm/s;P <0.05) and correlated negatively with age both in affected individuals (r =−0.314;P <0.05) and control subjects (r =−0.339;P <0.05). Resistance index was not significantly altered (59.0±1.0% versus 57.7±1.2%;P =0.42). Conclusions— In CADASIL, there is a reduction of both CO2 reactivity and basal MCA MFV. The reduced CO2 reactivity suggests functional impairment of cerebral vasoreactivity probably related to vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction. The reduction of CO2 reactivity in nondisabled CADASIL individuals suggests an early role of impaired cerebral vasoreactivity in the evolution of the disease.
Bandwidth Sharing between Persistent and Transient Flows

The flow control algorithm widely used in the current Internet is the TCP flow control. Despite having an aggressive (exponential) ramp up phase, the throughput during slow start is typically much less than in the congestion avoidance mode due to the small size of the initial window, time-outs triggered by packet loss during slow-start, etc. This results in a poor response time for short file transfers and raises the question of whether it is possible to improve performance for short file transfers without significantly degrading it for long file transfers. This question assumes particular importance in the context of the finding by a number of researchers that file sizes on the Web have a heavy-tailed distribution [4].
Geometric properties of Shapiro–Rudin polynomials

The Shapiro‐Rudin polynomials are well traveled, and their relation to Golay complementary pairs is well known. Because of the importance of Golay pairs in recent applications, we spell out, in some detail, properties of Shapiro‐Rudin polynomials and Golay complementary pairs. However, the theme of this paper is an apparently new elementary geometric observation concerning cusp-like behavior of certain Shapiro‐Rudin polynomials.
PTEN as a Prognostic and Predictive Marker in Postoperative Radiotherapy for Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck

Background Tumor suppressor PTEN is known to control a variety of processes related to cell survival, proliferation, and growth. PTEN expression is considered as a prognostic factor in some human neoplasms like breast, prostate, and thyroid cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we analyzed the influence of PTEN expression on the outcome of a randomized clinical trial of conventional versus 7-days-a-week postoperative radiotherapy for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. The patients with cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx were randomized to receive 63 Gy in fractions of 1.8 Gy given 5 days a week (CF) or 7 days a week (p-CAIR). Out of 279 patients enrolled in the study, 147 paraffin blocks were available for an immunohistochemical assessment of PTEN. To evaluate the prognostic value of PTEN expression and the effect of fractionation relative to PTEN, the data on the outcome of a randomized clinical trial were analyzed. Tumors with a high intensity of PTEN staining had significant gain in the loco-regional control (LRC) from p-CAIR (5-year LRC 92.7% vs. 70.8%, for p-CAIR vs. CF, p = 0.016, RR = 0.26). By contrast, tumors with low intensity of PTEN did not gain from p-CAIR (5-year LRC 56.2% vs. 47.2%, p = 0.49, RR = 0.94). The intensity of PTEN highly affected the LRC in a whole group of 147 patients (5-year LRC 80.9% vs. 52.3% for high vs. low PTEN, p = 0.0007, RR = 0.32). In multivariate Cox analysis, including neck node involvement, EGFR, nm23, Ki-67, p53, cyclin D1, tumor site and margins, PTEN remained an independent predictor of LRC (RR = 2.8 p = 0.004). Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that PTEN may serve as a potent prognostic and predictive marker in postoperative radiotherapy for high-risk squamous cell cancer of the head and neck.