Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schwannomas and Their Pathogenesis

Schwannomas may occur spontaneously, or in the context of a familial tumor syndrome such as neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), schwannomatosis and Carney's complex. Schwannomas have a variety of morphological appearances, but they behave as World Health Organization (WHO) grade I tumors, and only very rarely undergo malignant transformation. Central to the pathogenesis of these tumors is loss of function of merlin, either by direct genetic change involving the NF2 gene on chromosome 22 or secondarily to merlin inactivation. The genetic pathways and morphological features of schwannomas associated with different genetic syndromes will be discussed. Merlin has multiple functions, including within the nucleus and at the cell membrane, and this review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which merlin loss is involved in schwannoma pathogenesis, highlighting potential areas for therapeutic intervention.
CHENEY RESERVOIR WATER QUALITY AND ITS WATERSHED ASSESSMENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The study was completed under the guidance of Dr. Steven Wang of the Kansas Biological Survey with technical assistance and support from Dr. Ming-shu Tsou of the Kansas Biological Survey (former Kansas Geological Survey employee) and Dr. University of Kansas for permission of using watershed, stream, and lake data. Appreciation is extended to Drs. Kyle Mankin and James Koelliker of the Kansas State University and Dr. Marios Sophocleous of the Kansas Geological Survey for sharing their experience in streamflow (baseflow/runoff) separation techniques. In addition, many thanks are given to Connie Tra and Andrew Hwang for their assistance in bioassay experiments.
The clathrin adaptor Dab2 recruits EH domain scaffold proteins to regulate integrin β1 endocytosis

Dab2 binds EH domain proteins. This interaction is required for integrin β1 but not TfnR endocytosis. β1 and TfnR do not colocalize, even though their adaptors sort to the same pits. The data suggest that Dab2 selectively drives β1 endocytosis. It is proposed that specific cargo–adaptor–EH domain protein complexes are needed for efficient endocytosis.
Relapse in young paranoid schizophrenic patients: a prospective study of stressful life events, P300 measures, and coping.

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated the relationship of cognitive and coping characteristics to stressful life events at the time of relapse in patients with recent-onset paranoid schizophrenia. METHOD Over 6 years, the authors collected data on 41 schizophrenic outpatients aged 18-28 years at recruitment. The patients were rated prospectively every 2 weeks with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, and life events measures. The Frankfurt Questionnaire of Complaints was used to analyze subjective complaints regarding cognitive and coping abilities. The P300 auditory event-related potential was measured at recruitment to provide an index of information-processing capability. RESULTS Patients without severe life events during the 1 month before relapse had a smaller P300, more subjective complaints, and less coping capacity than did relapsed schizophrenic subjects who had severe life events in the month before relapse. CONCLUSIONS Relapses in subjects without severe life events were associated with fewer cognitive resources and less coping ability. Patients with normal P300 and adequate coping resources seemed to be able to deal better with stressful life events.
OptRod: operating multiple various actuators simultaneously by projected images

In this paper, we propose OptRod, to operate multiple various actuators simultaneously by PC's projected images. A PC generates images as control signals and projects them to the bottom of OptRods by a projector. An OptRod receives the light and converts its brightness into a control signal for the attached actuator. By using multiple OptRods, the PC can simultaneously operate many actuators without any signal lines. Moreover, we can arrange various shape of surface easily by combining multiple OptRods. OptRod supports various functions by replacing the actuator unit connected to OptRod.
Genome-Wide Association Study for Levels of Total Serum IgE Identifies HLA-C in a Japanese Population

Most of the previously reported loci for total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are related to Th2 cell-dependent pathways. We undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic loci responsible for IgE regulation. A total of 479,940 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with total serum IgE levels in 1180 Japanese adults. Fine-mapping with SNP imputation demonstrated 6 candidate regions: the PYHIN1/IFI16, MHC classes I and II, LEMD2, GRAMD1B, and chr13∶60576338 regions. Replication of these candidate loci in each region was assessed in 2 independent Japanese cohorts (n = 1110 and 1364, respectively). SNP rs3130941 in the HLA-C region was consistently associated with total IgE levels in 3 independent populations, and the meta-analysis yielded genome-wide significance (P = 1.07×10−10). Using our GWAS results, we also assessed the reproducibility of previously reported gene associations with total IgE levels. Nine of 32 candidate genes identified by a literature search were associated with total IgE levels after correction for multiple testing. Our findings demonstrate that SNPs in the HLA-C region are strongly associated with total serum IgE levels in the Japanese population and that some of the previously reported genetic associations are replicated across ethnic groups.
The Core Histone Tail Domains Contribute to Sequence-dependent Nucleosome Positioning*

The precise positioning of nucleosomes plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression by modulating the DNA binding activity of trans-acting factors. However, molecular determinants responsible for positioning are not well understood. We examined whether the removal of the core histone tail domains from nucleosomes reconstituted with specific DNA fragments led to alteration of translational positions. Remarkably, we find that removal of tail domains from a nucleosome assembled on a DNA fragment containing a Xenopus borealis somatic-type 5S RNA gene results in repositioning of nucleosomes along the DNA, including two related major translational positions that move about 20 bp further upstream with respect to the 5S gene. In a nucleosome reconstituted with a DNA fragment containing the promoter of a Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene, several translational positions shifted by about 10 bp along the DNA upon tail removal. However, the positions of nucleosomes assembled with a DNA fragment known to have one of the highest binding affinities for core histone proteins in the mouse genome were not altered by removal of core histone tail domains. Our data support the notion that the basic tail domains bind to nucleosomal DNA and influence the selection of the translational position of nucleosomes and that once tails are removed movement between translational positions occurs in a facile manner on some sequences. However, the effect of the N-terminal tails on the positioning and movement of a nucleosome appears to be dependent on the DNA sequence such that the contribution of the tails can be masked by very high affinity DNA sequences. Our results suggest a mechanism whereby sequence-dependent nucleosome positioning can be specifically altered by regulated changes in histone tail-DNA interactions in chromatin.
The Nature, Common Usage, and Implications of Free Will and Determinism

Philosophers and psychologists have debated what is meant by free will as well as the nature of human choice. However, only recently have data been gathered to consider common usage of the term; our data support college students' belief in free will as indicating some degree of choice that is not constrained by genetic or environmental factors and as separate from a "soft" determinism perspective. How free will and determinism beliefs relate to other psychological attitudes, such as moral responsibility and tolerance, is also considered.
T‐cell‐derived, but not B‐cell‐derived, IL‐10 suppresses antigen‐specific T‐cell responses in Litomosoides sigmodontis‐infected mice

IL‐10, a cytokine with pleiotropic functions is produced by many different cells. Although IL‐10 may be crucial for initiating protective Th2 responses to helminth infection, it may also function as a suppressive cytokine preventing immune pathology or even contributing to helminth‐induced immune evasion. Here, we show that B cells and T cells produce IL‐10 during murine Litomosoides sigmodontis infection. IL‐10‐deficient mice produced increased amounts of L. sigmodontis‐specific IFN‐γ and IL‐13 suggesting a suppressive role for IL‐10 in the initiation of the T‐cell response to infection. Using cell type‐specific IL‐10‐deficient mice, we dissected different functions of T‐cell‐ and B‐cell‐derived IL‐10. Litomosoides sigmodontis‐specific IFN‐γ, IL‐5, and IL‐13 production increased in the absence of T‐cell‐derived IL‐10 at early and late time points of infection. In contrast, B‐cell‐specific IL‐10 deficiency did not lead to significant changes in L. sigmodontis‐specific cytokine production compared to WT mice. Our results suggest that the initiation of Ag‐specific cellular responses during L. sigmodontis infection is suppressed by T‐cell‐derived IL‐10 and not by B‐cell‐derived IL‐10.
Evaluation of the in vitro bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin on cells of Escherichia coli in the logarithmic and stationary phases of growth

Cells of Escherichia coli Neumann and E. coli KL16 were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.4 and allowed to reach stationary growth conditions. Ciprofloxacin was added at different concentrations, and time-kill curves were constructed. It could be demonstrated that the number of viable cells was reduced quickly by several logs for E. coli Neumann, whereas a weak and slow killing effect was observed with E. coli KL16. When ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin was added to logarithmically growing cultures of E. coli Neumann or E. coli KL16, no principal differences in the killing rate for the two strains could be observed. Ciprofloxacin, however, was more bactericidal than norfloxacin. It was also demonstrated that the bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin on cells in the stationary growth phase was better at pH 7.4 than at pH 8.6. This dependence is different from that observed in MIC studies, in which the MIC were lower at pH 8.0 than at pH 7.2. It was also found that the bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin on cells of E. coli Neumann in the stationary phase of growth could not be reduced by the addition of chloramphenicol, whereas under conditions of logarithmic growth the rapid killing effect of ciprofloxacin was reduced in the presence of chloramphenicol.
DOES A FISH SEE THE WATER IN WHICH IT SWIMS? A STUDY OF THE ABILITY TO CORRECTLY JUDGE ONE'S OWN INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR

This study investigates the association between the interpersonal behavior that people exhibit and their ways of interpreting that behavior. Specifying the so-called fish–and–waterhypothesis (Kolar, Funder, & Colvin, 1996), we expected that people would underestimate the intensity of those behaviors that they exhibit most frequently. This hypothesis was tested with regard to dominant and submissive behavior. Eighty-nine female participants were interviewed about their ways of interacting with others and were then judged for their habitual dominance. Afterward, each participant interacted with a confederate in three short role play situations, taken from assertiveness training. After the role plays, both the participant and the confederate judged how dominant the participant had been. Our hypothesis was confirmed: Dominant participants underestimated their own dominance in the role plays, compared with the judgment of the confederate. Submissive participants underestimated their own submissiveness. Results.
Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Escala Temporal de Satisfacción con la Vida (Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale, TSLS): Un estudio en mayores que acuden a programas universitarios

Several measures have been developed for the operalization of well-being, standing out the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). To cope with some of its problems the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSLS) was developed. The aim of this study is to present and validate the Spanish version of the TSLS, in a sample elderly attending to University programs. The sample was composed of 737 elderly. Together with the TSLS, an indicator of general life satisfaction and the SF-8 Health Scale were used. Analyses included the study of factorial validity, estimations of reliability and external validity. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis were adequate: χ2 (87) = 454.593 (p < .001), CFI = . 973; RMSEA = . 085, showing appropriate fit for the three-dimension model posed. Internal consistency of the three dimensions was high: alpha values of . 83 for past, . 81 for present, and . 86 for future life satisfaction. Additionally, results of external validity were as expected. The TSLS addresses the temporal axis in the measurement of life satisfaction, with psychometric guarantees. Its utilities are explained in the discussion.
Six-month, blinded, multicenter continuation study of ziprasidone versus olanzapine in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 6 months' treatment with flexible-dose ziprasidone and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. METHOD Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity scores were obtained for 126 responders to a 6-week acute study of olanzapine and ziprasidone during a blinded 6-month continuation study and optional extension study. RESULTS Comparable improvements in BPRS and CGI severity scores were seen with both drugs. Olanzapine produced significant increases from acute-study baseline values in weight and body mass index and within-group increases in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting insulin. Between-group differences were not significant for lipids and insulin. Mean QTc values at endpoint were 407.1 msec (baseline mean=406.0 msec) and 394.4 msec (baseline mean=399.7 msec) for ziprasidone and olanzapine, respectively. No patient had a QTc interval > or =500 msec. CONCLUSIONS Ziprasidone and olanzapine had comparable long-term efficacy; olanzapine was associated with significant weight gain and metabolic alterations.
Four-quadrant analog multiplier based on CMOS inverters

In the article a new implementation of four-quadrant analog multiplier in CMOS technology is proposed. The circuit is based exclusively on CMOS inverters (or similar two-transistor blocks) and operates using quarter square technique. The outstanding feature of the circuit is an extreme suitability for low voltage operation and full compatibility with digital CMOS, since there are only two transistors stacked-up between supply rails. Thus the supplying voltage of this circuit class is the lowest possible one for any particular CMOS technology. The operation principle based on symbolic analysis with simple square model has been fully confirmed by simulations with BSIM3v3 models provided by different silicon foundries and verified experimentally using one of them.
Mechanisms of the Evolutionary Chromosome Plasticity: Integrating the ‘Centromere-from-Telomere' Hypothesis with Telomere Length Regulation

The ‘centromere-from-telomere' hypothesis proposed by Villasante et al. [2007a] aims to explain the evolutionary origin of the eukaryotic chromosome. The hypothesis is based on the notion that the process of eukaryogenesis was initiated by adaptive responses of the symbiont eubacterium and its archaeal host to their new conditions. The adaptive responses included fragmentation of the circular genome of the host into multiple linear fragments with free DNA ends. The action of mobile genetic elements stabilized the free DNA ends resulting in the formation of proto-telomeres. Sequences next to the proto-telomeres, the subtelomeric sequences, were immediately targeted as the new cargo by the tubulin-based cytoskeleton, thus becoming proto-centromeres. A period of genomic instability followed. Eventually, functioning centromeres and telomeres emerged heralding the arrival of the eukaryotic chromosome in the evolution. This paper expands the ‘centromere-from-telomere' hypothesis by integrating it with 2 sets of data: chromosome-specific telomere length distribution and chromomere size gradient. The integration adds a new dimension to the hypothesis but also provides an insight into the mechanisms of chromosome plasticity underlying karyotype evolution.
pygopus 2 has a crucial, Wnt pathway-independent function in lens induction

Drosophila Pygopus was originally identified as a core component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and a transcriptional coactivator. Here we have investigated the microophthalmia that arises in mice with a germline null mutation of pygopus 2. We show that this phenotype is a consequence of defective lens development at inductive stages. Using a series of regionally limited Cre recombinase transgenes for conditional deletion of Pygo2flox, we show that Pygo2 activity in pre-placodal presumptive lens ectoderm, placodal ectoderm and ocular mesenchyme all contribute to lens development. In each case, Pygo2 is required for normal expression levels of the crucial transcription factor Pax6. Finally, we provide multiple lines of evidence that although Pygo2 can function in the Wnt pathway, its activity in lens development is Wnt pathway-independent.
Projection-based Annotation of a Polish Dependency Treebank

This paper presents an approach of automatic annotation of sentences with dependency structures. The approach builds on the idea of cross-lingual dependency projection. The presented method of acquiring dependency trees involves a weighting factor in the processes of projecting source dependency relations to target sentences and inducing well-formed target dependency trees from sets of projected dependency relations. Using a parallel corpus, source trees are transferred onto equivalent target sentences via an extended set of alignment links. Projected arcs are initially weighted according to the certainty of word alignment links. Then, arc weights are recalculated using a method based on the EM selection algorithm. Maximum spanning trees selected from EM-scored digraphs and labelled with appropriate grammatical functions constitute a target dependency treebank. Extrinsic evaluation shows that parsers trained on such a treebank may perform comparably to parsers trained on a manually developed treebank.
Multiple enhancers ensure precision of gap gene-expression patterns in the Drosophila embryo

Segmentation of the Drosophila embryo begins with the establishment of spatially restricted gap gene-expression patterns in response to broad gradients of maternal transcription factors, such as Bicoid. Numerous studies have documented the fidelity of these expression patterns, even when embryos are subjected to genetic or environmental stress, but the underlying mechanisms for this transcriptional precision are uncertain. Here we present evidence that every gap gene contains multiple enhancers with overlapping activities to produce authentic patterns of gene expression. For example, a recently identified hunchback (hb) enhancer (located 5-kb upstream of the classic enhancer) ensures repression at the anterior pole. The combination of intronic and 5′ knirps (kni) enhancers produces a faithful expression pattern, even though the intronic enhancer alone directs an abnormally broad expression pattern. We present different models for “enhancer synergy,” whereby two enhancers with overlapping activities produce authentic patterns of gene expression.
Calcium channel dynamics limit synaptic release in response to prosthetic stimulation with sinusoidal waveforms

Extracellular electric stimulation with sinusoidal waveforms has been shown to allow preferential activation of individual types of retinal neurons by varying stimulus frequency. It is important to understand the mechanisms underlying this frequency dependence as a step toward improving methods of preferential activation. In order to elucidate these mechanisms, we implemented a morphologically realistic model of a retinal bipolar cell and measured the response to extracellular stimulation with sinusoidal waveforms. We compared the frequency response of a passive membrane model to the kinetics of voltage-gated calcium channels that mediate synaptic release. The passive electrical properties of the membrane exhibited lowpass filtering with a relatively high cutoff frequency (nominal value = 717 Hz). This cutoff frequency was dependent on intra-axonal resistance, with shorter and wider axons yielding higher cutoff frequencies. However, we found that the cutoff frequency of bipolar cell synaptic release was primarily limited by the relatively slow opening kinetics of L- and T-type calcium channels. The cutoff frequency of calcium currents depended nonlinearly on stimulus amplitude, but remained lower than the cutoff frequency of the passive membrane model for a large range of membrane potential fluctuations. These results suggest that while it may be possible to modulate the membrane potential of bipolar cells over a wide range of stimulus frequencies, synaptic release will only be initiated at the lower end of this range.
The information systems discipline in Australia's capital

The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) is the seat of Australia’s federal government. The three universities studied—the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy (UNSW@ADFA), The Australian National University (ANU) and the University of Canberra (UC)—are all located in the nation’s capital city, Canberra. Each group has a distinctive background that reflects this setting. The UNSW@ADFA is essentially a private university for the Australian Defence Organisation; the ANU was set up to be a national research institution; and the UC group for many years focused on meeting the training needs for computing professionals for the federal government. Despite these distinguishing characteristics, the information systems (IS) groups studied have some commonalities. Pedagogical approaches, epistemological approaches and research topics are all recognisably within the bounds of what is regarded as legitimate for the IS discipline. There is also a degree of commonality in the core knowledge topics offered to students. There are, however, also aspects that detract from the degree to which IS has developed as a discipline. Our field is not regarded as socially prestigious and there are few signs of mechanisms of control. A unique symbol set does not exist to exclude outsiders. The placement of the organisational units within the universities is a result of local contingencies, as is, to some extent, the nature of research undertaken.