Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Paths, One Struggle: Black Women and Girls Battling Invisibility in U.S. Classrooms

Abstract:The authors use Franklin’s Invisibility Syndrome Paradigm to deconstruct prior experiences in U.S. classrooms, with the goal of understanding how those experiences contributed to their persistence as Black women doctoral students. Findings reveal that a master narrative rooted in racist and sexist ideology was enacted in the classroom and reified through a series of academic transactions they experienced as Black girls. This research bears great significance for P-20 education, as their analysis illustrates how master narratives enacted in the classroom ignite a hidden curriculum that is imparted specifically with Black women and girls in mind. With this research, the authors present an oppositional discourse where they as Black women make visible what was designed to remain invisible.
Interval Between Infections and Viral Hierarchy Are Determinants of Viral Interference Following Influenza Virus Infection in a Ferret Model

Abstract Background. Epidemiological studies suggest that, following infection with influenza virus, there is a short period during which a host experiences a lower susceptibility to infection with other influenza viruses. This viral interference appears to be independent of any antigenic similarities between the viruses. We used the ferret model of human influenza to systematically investigate viral interference. Methods. Ferrets were first infected then challenged 1–14 days later with pairs of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B viruses circulating in 2009 and 2010. Results. Viral interference was observed when the interval between initiation of primary infection and subsequent challenge was <1 week. This effect was virus specific and occurred between antigenically related and unrelated viruses. Coinfections occurred when 1 or 3 days separated infections. Ongoing shedding from the primary virus infection was associated with viral interference after the secondary challenge. Conclusions. The interval between infections and the sequential combination of viruses were important determinants of viral interference. The influenza viruses in this study appear to have an ordered hierarchy according to their ability to block or delay infection, which may contribute to the dominance of different viruses often seen in an influenza season.
A Linearly Typed Assembly Language

Today’s type-safe low-level languages rely on garbage collection to recycle heap-allocated objects safely. We present LTAL, a safe, low-level, yet simple language that “stands on its own”: it guarantees safe execution within a fixed memory space, without relying on external run-time support. We demonstrate the expressiveness of LTAL by giving a type-preserving compiler for the functional core of ML. But this independence comes at a steep price: LTAL’s type system imposes a draconian discipline of linearity that ensures that memory can be reused safely, but prohibits any useful kind of sharing. We present the results of experiments with a prototype LTAL system that show just how high the price of linearity can be. 1 Background and Motivation Safety certification systems such as Java or MSIL bytecode verification make it possible to verify the safety of code obtained from an untrusted provider or over an untrusted network [13, 7]. Refinements like proof-carrying code and typed assembly language [19, 18] make it possible to check and execute machine code directly rather than through interpretation. However, all widely used systems for verifying low-level code require a trusted run-time environment to provide safe memory management. Furthermore, each of these systems takes a rather ad hoc approach to initialization of heap-allocated objects. Recently, Wang and Appel [32] and Monnier, Saha, and Shao [16] have shown how to build a type-safe garbage collector based on the ideas of the Capability Calculus [29], thus eliminating most of the memory management from the trusted computing base. However, some trusted code is still required to implement the region primitives, and the region calculi on which these systems are based are relatively complicated. Furthermore, the region-based approaches do not address the initialization problem. In this paper, we step back and examine a more foundational approach to the issues of initialization and memory management for low-level code. In particular, we use a linear type system to provide a clean, elegant solution to both problems. More specifically, we present: 1. A linear type system for a conventional, MIPS-style assembly language called LTAL. 2. Theorems that show every well-typed LTAL program is sound and “leak-free” (i.e., uses bounded memory). 3. An encoding of memory management operations malloc and free within LTAL. 4. Techniques for compiling unrestricted (i.e., non-linear) high-level functional languages to LTAL in a type-preserving fashion. It is important to note that we do not consider the resulting system to be practical. The price of LTAL’s simplicity and elegance is that it does not support shared data structures. At first, such a restriction seems to preclude the use of LTAL as a target for high-level languages. However, we show that there is a type-preserving translation for a high-level ML-like language to LTAL based on explicit copying. Unfortunately, our experiments show that this naive translation is far
High-Level Nonlinear Underactuated Controller for a Leader-Follower Formation Involving a Miniature Helicopter and a Ground Robot

This work addresses a kinematic leader-follower cooperative control scheme for a helicopter and a ground mobile robot. First, a nonlinear under actuated control strategy previously proposed for the UAV is implemented to track a UGV. In the sequel, the formation control strategy based on the kinematics model of both vehicle and a nonlinear controller based on its inverse kinematic is proposed to guide the leader-follower formation. It is important to emphasize that the UAV references are compensated in the fashion of a cascade inner-closed loop by the UAV nonlinear under actuated controller. Simulation results validating the proposed system are presented and discussed.
Different Scales for Different Frames: The Role of Subjective Scales and Experience in Explaining Attribute-Framing Effects

Consumers respond more favorably to positively framed attribute information than to negatively framed attribute information, a finding that has been attributed to the affective associations evoked by each frame. We contend that framing effects also depend on the range and level of reference values used to evaluate attribute information. When the range of reference values is narrower for a positive frame than a negative frame, attribute values above expected performance levels favor the positively framed information and attribute values below expected performance levels favor the negatively framed information. When the range of reference values is wider for a positive frame than a negative frame, the opposite pattern emerges. Experience with a frame is one factor that reduces the range of reference values recruited to judge attribute information.
The Timing of T Cell Priming and Cycling

The proliferation of specific lymphocytes is the central tenet of the clonal selection paradigm. Antigen recognition by T cells triggers a series of events that produces expanded clones of differentiated effector cells. TCR signaling events are detectable within seconds and minutes and are likely to continue for hours and days in vivo. Here, I review the work done on the importance of TCR signals in the later part of the expansion phase of the primary T cell response, primarily regarding the regulation of the cell cycle in CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The results suggest a degree of programing by early signals for effector differentiation, particularly in the CD8+ T cell compartment, with optimal expansion supported by persistent antigen presentation later on. Differences to CD4+ T cell expansion and new avenues toward a molecular understanding of cell cycle regulation in lymphocytes are discussed.
The Effects of Diversity and Transformational Leadership Climate on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the U.S. Federal Government: An Organizational-Level Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT Although interpersonal conflicts caused by social categorization processes in diversified workforces impede organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), little empirical research has been conducted on managing employee diversity in public sector organizations. Using panel data from the U.S. federal government, this article examines how bio-demographic (i.e., gender and race) and job-related (i.e., functional background and tenure status) diversity affect OCB at the organizational level and how a transformational leadership (TFL) climate moderates these relationships. The results showed that gender and functional diversity are negatively associated with OCB. When moderated by TFL, relationships were weakened. However, both racial climate and tenure diversity and their interactions with TFL climate yielded mixed results. Overall, this article provides evidence for the significant role of TFL climate in encouraging diverse employees to perform beyond their job roles.
Internet Routing Stability

Nowadays the Internet grows relatively rapid in the functions, the topology and the number of router address prefixes, caused by the rapid increase in the number of connected hosts and the deployment of the Internet infrastructure. This writing examines/describes a number of previous studies, which have dealt with various aspects of routing behavior in the Internet. These studies used experimentation to measure and document various aspects of the routing dynamics, and they identify several stabilityrelated problems in today’s Internet. One of the essential key findings was that the stability behavior of Internet routes has degraded with growth.
Glycosylation does not determine segregation of viral envelope proteins in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells

Enveloped viruses are excellent tools for the study of the biogenesis of epithelial polarity, because they bud asymmetrically from confluent monolayers of epithelial cells and because polarized budding is preceded by the accumulation of envelope proteins exclusively in the plasma membrane regions from which the viruses bud. In this work, three different experimental approaches showed that the carbohydrate moieties do not determine the final surface localization of either influenza (WSN strain) or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) envelope proteins in infected Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, as determined by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, using ferritin as a marker. Infected concanavalin A- and ricin 1-resistant mutants of MDCK cells, with alterations in glycosylation, exhibited surface distributions of viral glycoproteins identical to those of the parental cell line, i.e., influenza envelope proteins were exclusively found in the apical surface, whereas VSV G protein was localized only in the basolateral region. MDCK cells treated with tunicamycin, which abolishes the glycosylation of viral glycoproteins, exhibited the same distribution of envelope proteins as control cells, after infection with VSF or influenza. A temperature-sensitive mutant of influenza WSN, ts3, which, when grown at the nonpermissive temperature of 39.5 degrees C, retains the sialic acid residues in the envelope glycoproteins, showed, at both 32 degrees C (permissive temperature) and 39.5 degrees C, budding polarity and viral glycoprotein distribution identical to those of the parental WSN strain, when grown in MDCK cells. These results demonstrate that carbohydrate moieties are not components of the addressing signals that determine the polarized distribution of viral envelope proteins, and possibly of the intrinsic cellular plasma membrane proteins, in the surface of epithelial cells.
Reduced Rank Algorithms for Wireless Space-Time Channels

The estimation of channel coefficients constitutes a major function of the receiver. It is also an important step in the signal detection process at the receiver, in a wireless communication system. To describe the spacetime channel from multiple transmitters to a single receiver, many parameters are required. This means that in order to perform channel estimation and signal detection, the order P say, of the required filter will be very large. Since the channel is time varying thus the filter adaptive, a large P implies a slow response to changing channel conditions. This is one motivation for reduced-rank adaptive filtering. In this project, several aspects of space-time channel parameter estimation, and signal detection, are examined. Three methods have been studied. A maximum likelihood channel estimation method and two different subspace-based, reduced-rank methods the “crossspectral” method and the “residual correlations” method.
The Political and Ethical Force of Bastion, or, Gameplay and the Love of Fate

Videogames often take the form of power fantasies, symptomatizing a societal inclination towards control, calculability and digitality, and a fear of their constitutive opposites. Bastion initially seems to fit this mould: for the majority of the game, the player learns its systems and masters its controls, travelling the post-apocalyptic world to set it aright. At the end, too, the player seems to have the power of choice: they may “Restore” or “Evacuate,” returning to a pre-apocalyptic moment or accepting the end of the world and moving on. Through a gentle but ineluctable feature of the game’s design, however, Bastion imposes Evacuation on the player. It thereby advances an argument about the nature of contemporary society and a claim about the ethical and political disposition that might be equal to this technological epoch, and it does so through its mechanics: Bastion invites the player to experience a choice on Nietzsche’s eternal return.
An ensemble model for Heart disease data sets: a generalized model

Diagnosing Heart diseases is one of the problems that require high level of accurate analysis and prediction. Using ensemble methods in decision support systems provide an important help in analyzing this type of diseases. Different data is extracted from different research laboratories referring to the same disease. This requires further analysis and rework in detecting the best ensemble. Trying different combinations of classification techniques for every data set is not the best solution and consumes a lot of time and effort. The proposed framework seeks the best ensemble combination method suitable for diagnosing heart diseases. This ensemble is a majority vote based method and is designed for every data set belongs to the domain of heart disease. The experimental analysis is applied on two benchmark data sets extracted from two different resources. The classification accuracy results reached percentages higher than 90% accuracy. Observations reveal that the best combination for both datasets is mostly the combinations which the Naive Bayes as one of its classifiers with accuracy of 92%.
Prenatal Hypoxia–Ischemia Induces Abnormalities in CA3 Microstructure, Potassium Chloride Co-Transporter 2 Expression and Inhibitory Tone

Infants who suffer perinatal brain injury, including those with encephalopathy of prematurity, are prone to chronic neurological deficits, including epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and behavioral problems, such as anxiety, inattention, and poor social interaction. These deficits, especially in combination, pose the greatest hindrance to these children becoming independent adults. Cerebral function depends on adequate development of essential inhibitory neural circuits and the appropriate amount of excitation and inhibition at specific stages of maturation. Early neuronal synaptic responses to γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) are initially excitatory. During the early postnatal period, GABAAR responses switch to inhibitory with the upregulation of potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2. With extrusion of chloride by KCC2, the Cl− reversal potential shifts and GABA and glycine responses become inhibitory. We hypothesized that prenatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury chronically impairs the developmental upregulation of KCC2 that is essential for cerebral circuit formation. Following late gestation hypoxia–ischemia (HI), diffusion tensor imaging in juvenile rats shows poor microstructural integrity in the hippocampal CA3 subfield, with reduced fractional anisotropy and elevated radial diffusivity. The loss of microstructure correlates with early reduced KCC2 expression on NeuN-positive pyramidal neurons, and decreased monomeric and oligomeric KCC2 protein expression in the CA3 subfield. Together with decreased inhibitory post-synaptic currents during a critical window of development, we document for the first time that prenatal transient systemic HI in rats impairs hippocampal CA3 inhibitory tone. Failure of timely development of inhibitory tone likely contributes to a lower seizure threshold and impaired cognitive function in children who suffer perinatal brain injury.
Be a Collaborator and a Competitor in Crowdsourcing System

Crowd sourcing is emerging as a powerful paradigm to solve a wide range of tedious and complex problems in various enterprise applications. It spawns the issue of finding the unknown collaborative and competitive group of solvers. The formation of collaborative team should provide the best solution and treat that solution as a trade secret avoiding data leak between competitive teams due to reward behind the outsourcing of the issue. The formation of effective competitive teams not only requires adequate skills between members of each team, but also good team connectivity through social network and to provide the best solution and treat that solution as a trade secret avoiding data leak between teams due to reward behind the outsourcing of the issue. In this paper, we propose a data leak aware crowd sourcing system called Social Crowd. We introduce a clustering algorithm that uses social relationships between crowd workers to discover all possible teams while avoiding inter-team data leakage.
Assessment of Cr(VI)-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Using High Content Analysis

Oral exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] induces intestinal redox changes, villus cytotoxicity, crypt hyperplasia, and intestinal tumors in mice. To assess the effects of Cr(VI) in a cell model relevant to the intestine, undifferentiated (proliferating) and differentiated (confluent) Caco-2 cells were treated with Cr(VI), hydrogen peroxide or rotenone for 2–24 hours. DNA damage was then assessed by nuclear staining intensity of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (γ-H2AX) measured by high content analysis methods. In undifferentiated Caco-2, all three chemicals increased 8-OHdG and γ-H2AX staining at cytotoxic concentrations, whereas only 8-OHdG was elevated at non-cytotoxic concentrations at 24 hr. Differentiated Caco-2 were more resistant to cytotoxicity and DNA damage than undifferentiated cells, and there were no changes in apoptotic markers p53 or annexin-V. However, Cr(VI) induced a dose-dependent translocation of the unfolded protein response transcription factor ATF6 into the nucleus. Micronucleus (MN) formation was assessed in CHO-K1 and A549 cell lines. Cr(VI) increased MN frequency in CHO-K1 only at highly cytotoxic concentrations. Relative to the positive control Mitomycin-C, Cr(VI) only slightly increased MN frequency in A549 at mildly cytotoxic concentrations. The results demonstrate that Cr(VI) genotoxicity correlates with cytotoxic concentrations, and that H2AX phosphorylation occurs at higher concentrations than oxidative DNA damage in proliferating Caco-2 cells. The findings suggest that in vitro genotoxicity of Cr(VI) is primarily oxidative in nature at low concentrations. Implications for in vivo intestinal toxicity of Cr(VI) will be discussed.
Robust affine invariant shape image retrieval using the ICA Zernike Moment Shape Descriptor

In this paper, we proposed a new affine invariant region-based shape descriptor, the ICA Zernike Moment Shape Descriptor (ICAZMSD). IndependentComponent Analysis (ICA) is first used to turn the original shape into a canonical form, in which the effects of scaling and skewing are eliminated. Next, the properties of the Zernike transform is used to further eliminate the effects of any possible rotation and reflection of the canonical shapes, in extracting the Zernike moments as the affine invariant region-based descriptors. Using the proposed ICAZMSD as shape feature, shape-based image retrieval experiments on a 4000 complex shape image database and a 5600 simple shape image database, show promising retrieval rates of 99.80% and 92.25%, respectively.
Threshold Region Performance of Maximum Likelihood DOA Estimation For a Single Source

This paper presents a performance analysis of Maximum Likelihood (ML) Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) estimation using sensor arrays for the case of a single source in white Gaussian noise. Particular attention is paid to the threshold effect that is common in nonlinear estimation. The paper presents approximations to the probability of outlier and Mean Square estimation Error (MSE) of the ML estimator. Both the stochastic and deterministic signal models are treated. It is verified by simulations that the approximations predict the ML DOA estimation performance with high accuracy also at low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) where the Craḿer-Rao bound is far too optimistic. It is also shown that, in the case of a single snapshot, the stochastic ML DOA estimator cannot reach the CRB as the SNR tends to infinity. This is due to that the errors caused by outliers cannot be neglected at high SNR in this case.
Real-Time Non-rigid Object Tracking Using CAMShift with Weighted Back Projection

The Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift algorithm (CAMShift) is an adaptation of mean shift algorithm for object tracking especially for head and face tracking. Traditional CAMShift can not deal with multi-colored object tracking and situations when similar colors exist nearby. In this paper, a new approach towards these problems using CAMShift with weighted back projection is proposed. In our approach, multi-dimensional histogram with thresholding strategy is utilized. And a new back projection weighting strategy is proposed for situations when similar colors exist near the tracked object. Through experiments, the results show that the proposed method exceeds the traditional CAMShift in situations with multi-colored object or similar-colored background while keeping the processing speed real-time.
Convergence in law of the maximum of nonlattice branching random walk

Let $\eta^*_n$ denote the maximum, at time $n$, of a nonlattice one-dimensional branching random walk $\eta_n$ possessing (enough) exponential moments. In a seminal paper, Aidekon demonstrated convergence of $\eta^*_n$ in law, after recentering, and gave a representation of the limit. We give here a shorter proof of this convergence by employing reasoning motivated by Bramson, Ding and Zeitouni. Instead of spine methods and a careful analysis of the renewal measure for killed random walks, our approach employs a modified version of the second moment method that may be of independent interest.