Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Middle atmosphere dynamical studies at Resolute Bay over a full representative year: Mean winds, tides, and special oscillations

Wind motions in the 80–98‐km altitude region above Resolute Bay, Nunavut, Canada (75°N, 95°W), are presented for a representative year. The measurements were made using an interferometric meteor radar during 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Results presented include a comprehensive study of monthly mean winds, using all of the available data from these 4 years, as well as running tidal studies and power spectra over the time frame 1998–1999 and studies of special persistent oscillations which appear from time to time. All studies are accompanied with a detailed consideration of the effects of the spectral windows used. A superposed epoch analysis is used to investigate a dominant 15‐hour oscillation which appeared in November 1999, and evidence of period changes, associated with changes in resonance conditions, is demonstrated. Other periodic motions are also seen, especially at periods in the range 9–12 hours.
Type-I superconductivity in 
Al6Re

While the pure elements tend to exhibit Type-I rather than Type-II superconductivity, nearly all compound superconductors are Type-II, with only a few known exceptions. We report single crystal growth and physical characterization of the rhenium aluminide Al$_6$Re, which we conclude is a Type-I superconductor based on magnetization, ac-susceptibility, and specific-heat measurements. This detection of superconductivity, despite the strong similarity of Al$_6$Re to a family of W and Mo aluminides that do not superconduct, suggests that these aluminides are an ideal testbed for identifying the relative importance of valence electron count and inversion symmetry in determining whether a material will superconduct.
Triple-Node FinFET With Non-Ohmic Schottky Junctions for Synaptic Devices

A triple-node FinFET (TriNo-FinFET) with non-ohmic Schottky junctions is demonstrated for an artificial synapse. The three mechanisms of thermionic emission in a subthreshold region, tunneling in a transition region, and drift transport in an inversion region are utilized in the TriNo-FinFET with non-ohmic Schottky junctions. The transition region dominated by tunneling with non-ohmic Schottky junctions improves the linearity of potentiation and depression. An average recognition rate of 90 % for handwritten digits in the MNIST dataset is achieved. Moreover, the TriNo-FinFET with the double-layered charge trap layer (CTL) shows enhanced weight-update speed by up to 48-fold compared to that with a single-layered CTL.
Rose Virome Analysis and Identification of a Novel Ilarvirus in Taiwan

Rose (Rosa spp.), especially R. hybrida, is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the world and the third largest cut flower crop in Taiwan. Rose mosaic disease (RMD), showing mosaic, line patterns and ringspots on leaves, is a common rose disease caused by the complex infection of various viruses. Due to pests and diseases, the rose planting area in Taiwan has been decreasing since 2008; however, no rose virus disease has been reported in the past five decades. In the spring of 2020, rose samples showing RMD-like symptoms were observed at an organic farm in Chiayi, central Taiwan. The virome in the farm was analyzed by RNA-seq. Rose genomic sequences were filtered from the obtained reads. The remaining reads were de novo assembled to generate 294 contigs, 50 of which were annotated as viral sequences corresponding to 10 viruses. Through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction validation, a total of seven viruses were detected, including six known rose viruses, namely apple mosaic virus, prunus necrotic ringspot virus, rose partitivirus, apple stem grooving virus, rose spring dwarf-associated virus and rose cryptic virus 1, and a novel ilarvirus. After completing the whole genome sequencing and sequence analysis, the unknown ilarvirus was demonstrated as a putative new species, tentatively named rose ilarvirus 2. This is the first report of the rose virus disease in Taiwan.
Two-dimensional quantum-spin-1/2 XXZ magnet in zero magnetic field: Global thermodynamics from renormalisation group theory

ABSTRACT Phase diagram, critical properties and thermodynamic functions of the two-dimensional field-free quantum-spin-1/2 XXZ model has been calculated globally using a numerical renormalisation group theory. The nearest-neighbour spin-spin correlations and entanglement properties, as well as internal energy and specific heat are calculated globally at all temperatures for the whole range of exchange interaction anisotropy, from XY limit to Ising limits, for both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic cases. We show that there exists long-range (quasi-long-range) order at low-temperatures, and the low-lying excitations are gapped (gapless) in the Ising-like easy-axis (XY-like easy-plane) regime. Besides, we identify quantum phase transitions at zero-temperature. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The quality of early caregiving and teacher-student relationships in grade school independently predict adolescent academic achievement

Prior research has demonstrated that teacher-student relationships characterized by high levels of closeness and low levels of conflict are associated with higher levels of academic achievement among children. At the same time: (a) some research suggests that the quality of teacher-student relationships in part reflects the quality of early caregiving, and (b) the observed quality of early care by primary caregivers robustly predicts subsequent academic achievement. Given the potential for associations between teacher-student relationship quality and academic achievement to thus be confounded by the quality of early parenting experiences, the present study examined to what extent children’s experiences in early life with primary caregivers (i.e., ages 3 to 42 months) and relationships with teachers during grade school (i.e., Kindergarten to Grade 6) were uniquely associated with an objective assessment of academic achievement at age 16 years in a sample born into poverty (N = 267; 45% female; 65% White/non-Hispanic; 41% of mothers did not complete high school). Early maternal sensitivity, though a strong predictor of later academic achievement, was not reliably associated with either teacher-reports or interview-based assessments of teacher-student relationship quality in grade school. Nonetheless, early maternal sensitivity and teacher-student relationship quality were each uniquely associated with later academic achievement, above and beyond key demographic variables. Taken together, the present results highlight that the quality of children’s relationships with adults at home and at school independently, but not interactively, predicted later academic achievement in a high-risk sample.
Approximate resonance states in the semigroup decomposition of resonance evolution

The semigroup decomposition formalism makes use of the functional model for C∙0 class contractive semigroups for the description of the time evolution of resonances. For a given scattering problem the formalism allows for the association of a definite Hilbert space state with a scattering resonance. This state defines a decomposition of matrix elements of the evolution into a term evolving according to a semigroup law and a background term. We discuss the case of multiple resonances and give a bound on the size of the background term. As an example we treat a simple problem of scattering from a square barrier potential on the half-line.
MIGRATION AS AN ADAPTATION STRATEGY: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Considering the capability approach of Amartya Sen, in many instances, migration is an adaption strategy that is no longer freedom of choice; rather, people are forced to choose it. Specifically, people often choose migration for adaptation due to climate and environmental vulnerabilities. This Bibliometric analysis aims to provide a detailed overview of how migration is considered an adaptation strategy using the Scopus database. The search query includes 'migration,’ 'adaptation', 'vulnerability', and 'climate change' as the keywords. A total of 7,335 scientific documents, including books, book chapters, articles, and review papers for 2011-2021, were analyzed using VOSviewer software. The lexical network analysis suggests a strong connection between migration and adaptation. Moreover, the spatial network analysis suggests that the migration-related research works are primarily concentrated in the USA, the UK, and Australia. The findings of an intensive review of 38 Scopus index migration literature suggest that migration is the ultimate effect of climate change, and the researchers termed this an 'adaptation strategy'. Although numerous dimensions of migration and adaptation strategy have been explored in the literature, however, future research options are still available in the field of migration-adaptation comparing circular and permanent migration, gendered dimension from the left-behind perspective, cultural diaspora between the migrants and receiving country, policies on alternative adaptation strategies, adaptation due to freedom of choice and forced migration from the wellbeing perspective. Moreover, heightened research collaboration is strongly suggested among the top migrant-sending and receiving countries to get more insights and policy formulation.
Wall-attached structures of velocity fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer

Wall turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and engineering applications, yet predicting such turbulence is difficult due to its complexity. High-Reynolds-number turbulence arises in most practical flows, and is particularly complicated because of its wide range of scales. Although the attached-eddy hypothesis postulated by Townsend can be used to predict turbulence intensities and serves as a unified theory for the asymptotic behaviours of turbulence, the presence of coherent structures that contribute to the logarithmic behaviours has not been observed in instantaneous flow fields. Here, we demonstrate the logarithmic region of the turbulence intensity by identifying wall-attached structures of the velocity fluctuations ( $u_{i}$ ) through the direct numerical simulation of a moderate-Reynolds-number boundary layer ( $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\approx 1000$ ). The wall-attached structures are self-similar with respect to their heights ( $l_{y}$ ), and in particular the population density of the streamwise component ( $u$ ) scales inversely with $l_{y}$ , reminiscent of the hierarchy of attached eddies. The turbulence intensities contained within the wall-parallel components ( $u$ and $w$ ) exhibit the logarithmic behaviour. The tall attached structures ( $l_{y}^{+}>100$ ) of $u$ are composed of multiple uniform momentum zones (UMZs) with long streamwise extents, whereas those of the cross-stream components ( $v$ and $w$ ) are relatively short with a comparable width, suggesting the presence of tall vortical structures associated with multiple UMZs. The magnitude of the near-wall peak observed in the streamwise turbulent intensity increases with increasing $l_{y}$ , reflecting the nested hierarchies of the attached $u$ structures. These findings suggest that the identified structures are prime candidates for Townsend’s attached-eddy hypothesis and that they can serve as cornerstones for understanding the multiscale phenomena of high-Reynolds-number boundary layers.
Quantum criticality in many-body parafermion chains

We construct local generalizations of 3-state Potts models with exotic critical points. We analytically show that these are described by non-diagonal modular invariant partition functions of products of $Z_3$ parafermion or $u(1)_6$ conformal field theories (CFTs). These correspond either to non-trivial permutation invariants or block diagonal invariants, that one can understand in terms of anyon condensation. In terms of lattice parafermion operators, the constructed models correspond to parafermion chains with many-body terms. Our construction is based on how the partition function of a CFT depends on symmetry sectors and boundary conditions. This enables to write the partition function corresponding to one modular invariant as a linear combination of another over different sectors and boundary conditions, which translates to a general recipe how to write down a microscopic model, tuned to criticality. We show that the scheme can also be extended to construct critical generalizations of $k$-state Potts models.
Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna Using Slotted Rectangular Patch and Defected Ground Structure

An investigation of novel techniques in the designing of a low profile, horizontally polarized omnidirectional (HPO) patch antenna with omnidirectionality in the H-plane using a defected ground structure is presented in this study. The HPO patch antenna is designed by sequentially etching four rectangular and four open diagonal slots symmetrically on the patch and the antenna's ground plane. It creates four quarterwavelength open stubs that produce an in-phase circulating current on both the ground and the patch. Narrow bandwidth is achieved by using the four quarter-wavelength open stubs and by printing sequential slots only on the ground. Another set of four quarter-wavelength shorted stubs is achieved by sequentially etching four rectangular and open diagonal slots on the patch to resonate with another frequency and to increase the bandwidth by merging these two resonance frequencies. Combining these two resonance frequencies covers the applications of 2.39–2.52 GHz WiFi bands. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna structure is 0.32 λ0×0.32 λ0×0.006 λ0 with 5.51% bandwidth and moderate gain of 2.2dBi and roundness within 1 dB in the azimuth plane.
Diffusion of iron‐group elements in the envelopes of HgMn stars

The observed abundance anomalies for iron-group elements in atmospheres of HgMn stars are due to diffusive movements which are driven by radiation-pressure forces and which persist in the stellar envelopes, going down to regions with temperatures of about 106 K. Studies of diffusion in the envelopes are required both in order to understand the observed atmospheric abundances and in order to calculate the changes in opacities that result from changes in abundances. Let τ be the Rosseland-mean optical depth. It is shown that one can define an upper boundary, ττu, such that one can obtain solutions for the diffusive movements in the region of τ≥τu without any knowledge of what happens in the higher layers of τ<τu. The paper is concerned with a description of the numerical methods that can be used to obtain such solutions. For Cr and Mn we are able to follow the diffusion for times of order 108 yr with τu=1. For Fe we are also able to obtain some estimates of abundances at τ=1 allowing for diffusion processes. For Mn, Cr and Fe we attempt some comparisons of abundances computed for τu=1 with observed atmospheric abundances and obtain results that are not discouraging. For Fe and Ni, larger values of τu are required as the diffusion proceeds (after 108 yr we require τu≃8 for Fe and τu≃70 for Ni). For the outer regions with τ<τu it will be necessary to obtain solutions allowing for outflows of iron-group elements at the stellar surfaces. In such work it should be possible to match the outer-region solutions to the envelope solutions obtained using the methods described in this paper. The diffusive movements lead to changes in Rosseland-mean opacities by factors of up to 4. For Fe there is a build-up in concentrations in the region of log(T)≃5.1, where the dominant ionization stages are near Ar-like. This leads to the Z-bump in opacities being shifted from its normal position at log(T)≃5.3 to lower values of log(T) and becoming more sharply peaked. There is also a large build-up in Ni concentrations in the outer parts of the envelopes, leading to opacity enhancements. In the present work we allow neither for the normal main-sequence evolution of the stars nor for the modifications in that evolution which will result from changes in opacities. Solution for both envelopes and outer regions will eventually be required.
The Impact of Credit Risk Management on the Financial Performance of the Banks Listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange: A Two-Step System Generalized Method of Moments Panel Data Analysis

Prior Bangladeshi studies on the relationship between credit risk management and the financial performance of listed banks suffered from a dynamic endogeneity bias, which led to misleading conclusions. As a result, this study examines the impact of credit risk management on the financial performance of banks listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange for the period from 2011 to 2018. The equity multiplier ratio (EMR), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing loan (NPL) ratio, interest coverage ratio (ICR), and provision for credit losses to total credit (PCLTC) are proxies for credit risk management. The study characterizes banks' financial performance from three perspectives: bank management, as indicated by return on equity (ROE); the market, as indicated by Tobin's Q (TQ); and shareholder value, as indicated by economic value added (EVA-ln). The study sample comprises 29 of the 30 listed banks, and the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) model is used to test the hypotheses. This study finds mixed results, i.e., none of the credit risk variables used in this study, with the exception of ICR, affect the sampled banks' performance equally from each of the three perspectives. Particularly, the results show that ICR has a significant positive impact on all measures of banks' financial performance, whereas PCLTC has no impact on any measure of financial performance. The EMR has a significant positive impact on ROE but does not affect TQ and EVA-ln. CAR has been shown to improve ROE and TQ while having an insignificant effect on EVA-ln. The NPL ratio has a negative effect on ROE but does not affect TQ and EVA-ln.
Antisense Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid in the INK4 Locus Long Noncoding Ribonucleic Acid Rs1333040 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to the Intracranial Aneurysm in Asian Population

Several researchers have suggested that the antisense non-coding ribonucleic acid in the INK4 locus long non-coding ribonucleic acid (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense ribonucleic acid 1) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the intracranial aneurysm. However, because single studies are often underpowered due to inadequate sample sizes, the role of the antisense non-coding ribonucleic acid in the INK4 locus rs1333040 polymorphism in intracranial aneurysms has been inconclusive among Asian population. To obtain a comprehensive conclusion, we conducted a meta-analysis with 4260 cases and 14 536 controls to estimate the association between the rs1333040 polymorphism and intracranial aneurysms susceptibility. The electronic databases of PubMed and Embase were searched before May 2022, to identify the relevant literature. Cochran’s Q statistics and the I 2 test were applied to assess heterogeneity among the included investigations. The summary pooled odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were evaluated for the strength of association using the random or fixed-effects model. A total of 6 eligible studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, involving 4260 cases and 14 536 controls. The pooled results indicated a significant association between the rs1333040 polymorphism and the intracranial aneurysm in Asians under 3 genetic models (TT vs. CC: Odds ratio=1.48, 95 % confidence interval=1.30-1.70; TC vs. CC: Odds ratio=1.20, 95 % confidence interval=1.05-1.38; dominant model-TT+TC vs. CC: Odds ratio=1.34, 95 % confidence interval=1.18-1.53). The findings of this meta-analysis emphasize the rs1333040 polymorphism as a common risk factor for intracranial aneurysms in
Probing the degree of spin polarization of a ferromagnet with ferromagnet/superconductor proximity effect

Superconductor/ferromagnet proximity effect has been studied for Pb/Co$_2$Cr$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Al bilayers. Different substrate temperatures allowed us to prepare the Heusler alloy Co$_2$Cr$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Al films with different degree of spin polarization of conduction band of the Heusler layer. We obtain a strong correlation between the dependence of the superconducting transition temperature on the Pb-layer thickness at fixed thickness of the Heusler layer and the degree of spin polarization in the ferromagnetic layer.
Growth of the inner core in the mean-field dynamo model

Application of Parker's dynamo model to the geodynamo with the growing inner core is considered. It is shown that decrease of the inner core size, where intensive magnetic field generation takes place, leads to the multi-polar magnetic field in the past. This effect reflects the decrease of the region of the effective magnetic field generation. The process is accompanied by increase of the reversals number and decrease of intensity of the geomagnetic field. The constraints on the mechanisms of convection in the liquid core are discussed.
Confirmation of SBS 1150+599A as an Extremely Metal-poor Planetary Nebula

SBS 1150+599A is a blue stellar object at high Galactic latitude discovered in the Second Byurakan Survey. New high-resolution images of SBS 1150+599A are presented, demonstrating that it is very likely to be an old planetary nebula in the galactic halo, as suggested recently by Tovmassian et al. An Hα image taken with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope and its tip-tilt module reveals the diameter of the nebula to be 9. ″2, comparable to that estimated from spectra by Tovmassian et al. Lower limits to the central star temperature were derived using the Zanstra hydrogen and helium methods to determine that the star's effective temperature must be higher that 68,000 K and that the nebula is optically thin. New spectra from the Multiple Mirror Telescope and Fred L. Whipple Observatory telescope are presented, revealing the presence of strong [Ne V] λ3425 lines, indicating that the central star temperature must be higher than 100,000 K. With the revised diameter, new central star temperature, and an improved central star luminosity, we can constrain photoionization models for the nebula significantly better than before. Because the emission-line data set is sparse, the models are still not conclusive. Nevertheless, we confirm that this nebula is an extremely metal-poor planetary nebula, having a value for O/H that is less than 1/100 solar, possibly as low as 1/500 solar.