Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mind and Heart of the Negotiator

I. ESSENTIALS OF NEGOTIATION. 1. Negotiation: The Mind and the Heart. 2. Preparation: What to Do Before Negotiation. 3. Distributive Negotiation: Slicing the Pie. 4. Win-Win Negotiation: Expanding the Pie. II. ADVANCED NEGOTIATION SKILLS. 5. Developing a Negotiating Style. 6. Establishing Trust and Building a Relationship. 7. Power, Persuasion, and Ethics. 8. Creativity and Problem Solving in Negotiations. III. APPLICATIONS AND SPECIAL SCENARIOS. 9. Multiple Parties, Coalitions, and Teams. 10. Cross-Cultural Negotiation. 11. Tacit Negotiations and Social Dilemmas. 12. Negotiating via Information Technology. APPENDICES. Appendix 1: Are You a Rational Person? Check Yourself. Appendix 2: Nonverbal Communication and Lie Detection. Appendix 3: Third-Party Intervention. Appendix 4: Negotiating a Job Offer. References. Subject Index. Author Index.
The infiltration of the New York's financial market by organised crime: pressures and control

This research examines the relationship between some features of the American criminal justice system and the infiltration of organised crime groups into New York's financial district to commit securities fraud. The primary focus of the study is to determine if and to what extent the present criminal justice strategies designed to counter organised crime activities have had an impact on the entry of New York's five Italian-American crime families and Russian-origin criminals into the securities market. There are scattered works and articles on organised crime related frauds in the stock market, but there is no thorough empirical study on the movement of organised crime groups from traditional rackets into the securities market in New York. This research was undertaken to remedy the paucity of criminological knowledge on the activities of organised crime groups in the U.S. investment sector and on the factors underlying this. Sensitive and extensive data on major organised crime cases on Wall Street are analysed throughout the work. The study utilised a combination of interviews, existing source documents and written materials. Several interviews were conducted of known organised crime members, enforcement personnel, informants and experts on organised crime. The source documents that were used in this study comprised of public and private domain records from investigating and prosecuting bodies within the criminal justice system
The Effect of Analysts' Adjustments in the Context of Loan Assessment

: This paper demonstrates that improvements in the classification of loan default can arise through making simple accounting adjustments to the financial statements of small firms prior to calculation of ratios. However, the improvement in loan default classification exists only on a univariate basis. The adjustments do not increase default classification when a multivariate linear discriminant model is employed. The data base comprises commonly used financial ratios extracted from the financial statements of 40 small New Zealand businesses with manufacturing or distribution activities.
The apelin peptides as putative targets in cardiovascular drug discovery and development

Apelin is a recently isolated peptide that appears to act as an endogenous ligand for the previously orphaned G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. A number of studies have reported cardiovascular actions of apelin, including changes in the blood pressure and potent inotropic actions. Furthermore, perturbations of both apelin and APJ within the myocardial tissue and circulating levels of the peptide have been reported in a number of cardiovascular disease states. Taken together, these studies suggest a role for apelin in the pressure/volume homeostasis and in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. However, findings in the literature to date are, at times, disparate. This review highlights key areas where further work is required to clarify the role of apelin/APJ in both normal physiology and pathophysiology. Nonetheless, preliminary evidence suggests that the manipulation of this receptor/ligand peptide system may be a target for drug development, thereby offering a therapeutic benefit in cardiovascular diseases.
Legitimating International Organizations

PART I: CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS 1. International Organisations, Legitimacy, and Legitimation 2. Legitimacy and International Organisation: The Changing Ethical Context 3. Regional and Global Legitimacy Dynamics: The United Nations and Regional Arrangements PART II: CASE STUDIES 4. Legitimation and the UN Security Council 5. ECOWAS and the Legitimacy Question: A Normative and Institutional Approach 6. The African Union 7. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations: Between Internal and External Legitimacy 8. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 9. A European Re-invention of Indirect Legitimacy? 10. Legitimacy and International Organisations: the Case of the OSCE 11. Conclusion
Building E-Loyalty of Lodging Brands

SUMMARY In the early days of the Internet, lodging Websites used the principle of “if we build it they will come. ” However, with the proliferation and growth of travel Websites and consumers' willingness to book hotel arrangements online, hotel-owned Websites are not capturing the same share of room bookings as achieved through offline distribution channels. Using proprietary Websites to attract, satisfy, and ultimately retain loyal e-consumers will become more critical in maintaining a competitive advantage in a marketplace being dominated by online travel agencies. This paper describes the importance of building e-consumer's loyalty through the proprietary Websites of lodging brands. This paper explores hotel-owned Websites' search engine exposure and salient factors that should be considered by the developers of hotel-owned Websites to positively impact e-loyalty of e-consumers. A framework for future empirical exploration is proffered.
Pricing Energy and Ancillary Services in a Day-Ahead Market for a Price-Taker Hydro Generating Company Using a Risk-Constrained Approach

This paper analyzes a price-taker hydro generating company which participates simultaneously in day-ahead energy and ancillary services markets. An approach for deriving marginal cost curves for energy and ancillary services is proposed, taking into consideration price uncertainty and opportunity cost of water, which can later be used to determine hourly bid curves. The proposed approach combines an hourly conditional value-at-risk, probability of occurrence of automatic generation control states and an opportunity cost of water to determine energy and ancillary services marginal cost curves. The proposed approach is in a linear constraint form and is easy to implement in optimization problems. A stochastic model of the hydro-economic river basin is presented, based on the actual Vinodol hydropower system in Croatia, with a complex three-dimensional relationship between the power produced, the discharged water, and the head of associated reservoir.
Beyond the limits: involvement in illegal political activities

The purpose of this study is to examine the adolescents who cross the boundaries of legality, also including illegal political means in their political action repertoire. The data comprised of questionnaire responses from middle and late adolescents in a Swedish city of around 130,000 citizens. Analyses of covariance, EXACON, and logistic regression were used to examine the extent to which adolescents including illegal political activities in their political activity repertoire compare with their legally oriented counterparts. Adolescents using illegal political activity reported higher levels of political interest and goal-orientation than adolescents involved solely in legal political activity. The major contrasts with legal political activism were that illegal political activism seemed to co-occur with (a) reluctance to accept authority, irrespective of the context (societal, school, or parental) and (b) approval of violent political means. In a simultaneous model, further analysis revealed that reluctance to accept authority reduced the predictive power of illegal political activities with regard to approval of political violence. This suggests that the tendencies to approve of political violence, among adolescents involved in illegal political activities, might be partially explained by challenges toward authority. To conclude, adolescents in illegal political activism seem to have similar resources for political engagement as their legally oriented counterparts. However, adolescents involved in illegal political activity seem more likely to let ends justify the means. Most likely, this position is related to authority challenges.
Modelling body movement skill in the Japanese Tea Ceremony practice

Traditional Tea Ceremony is an activity that has been thought in Japan throughout the years. Practitioners have to learn the correct movements used in the ceremony by observation and practice. Skills are acquired through tacit knowledge, which lead to a difficult representation of right or wrong at a higher level of practice. This research aims to describe the learning curve of movement skill in the Japanese Tea Ceremony in order to distinguish correct, beautiful movements from incorrect positions.
Housing Bubble in Japan and the United States

-Japan and the United States have experienced the housing bubbles and subsequent collapses of the bubbles in succession. In this paper, these two bubbles are compared and the following findings are obtained. Firstly, upon applying twenty years of past data from Japan to the " repeat-sales method " and the " hedonic pricing method " , which are representative methods for calculating house prices, it was found that the timing at which prices bottomed out after the collapses of the bubbles differed depending on the two methods. The timing for bottoming out as estimated by the repeat-sales method delayed when compared to the estimate using the hedonic pricing method, by 13 months for condominiums and by three months for single-family homes. This delay is caused by the depreciation effect of building not being processed appropriately by the repeat-sales method. In the United States, the S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indices are representative house prices indices, which use the repeat-sales method. Therefore, it is possible that the timing for bottoming out is estimated to be delayed. As there are increasing interests in the timing for bottoming out of the US housing market, there is a risk that the existence of such a lag in cognition causes the increase of uncertainty and the delay in economic recovery. Secondly, when looking at the relationship between the demand for houses and house prices based on the time-series data, there is a positive correlation between the two elements. However, upon conducting an analysis using the panel data, which is based on data in units of prefectures or states, there is no significant relationship between the demand for houses and house prices in both Japan and the United States. In this sense, it is hard to explain whether there is a bubble and the size of the * 2 bubble according to prefecture (state) using demand elements. This suggests that it is possible that the concept of demographics having an impact on the demand for houses, which thus caused the house prices to increase, is not effective in explaining the price fluctuations in neither Japan nor the United States. Thirdly, when looking at the co-movement between the house prices and rent, a phenomenon which the rent almost does not fluctuate at all even when the significant change of house prices change in the process of the formation and collapse of a bubble was confirmed for both Japan and …
On-Going versus Completed Interventions and Yen/Dollar Expectations - Evidence from Disaggregated Survey Data

This paper analyzes the effectiveness of Bank of Japan (BOJ) interventions between November 1995 and December 2004 on foreign exchange expectations. Unlike previous studies, we focus on exchange rate expectations of individual market participants in the yen/dollar market. To this end, we use disaggregated forecast survey data from Consensus Economics. We find that, in principle, BOJ interventions do not affect exchange rate expectations when we disregard ‘evaluation’ period effect and successful intervention effect. However, applying the methodology proposed by Fatum and Hutchison (2006) to identify successful interventions on current spot market, we provide evidence that only successful interventions affect exchange rate expectations. Compared to the existing literature, which argues that interventions have, if at all, only short-term effects on the exchange rate, we show that successful interventions affect the exchange rate forecasts for up-to three months.
Observations on indol-positive Proteus.

1. Abstract Usage of synthetic cannabinoids is associated with severe medical consequences and limited de-tectability in toxicology panels. We present two cases of patients with acute myocardial infraction resulting in death promptly after Indazole SC exposure demonstrating that AMI may be associated with consumption of SC and require greater awareness from physicians. 3. Key Clinical Message: Consumption of indazole-based synthetic
Predictive and prognostic impact of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with gefitinib.

PURPOSE This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and its downstream signaling on response and survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with gefitinib. PATIENTS AND METHODS For 90 consecutive NSCLC patients who had received gefitinib, EGFR mutation was analyzed by DNA sequencing of exons 18, 19, 21, and 23 in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain. Expressions of phosphorylated (p) -Akt and p-Erk were determined via immunohistochemistry. Response rate, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival were compared between each group according to EGFR mutation, as well as p-Akt and p-Erk expression. RESULTS Seventeen patients (18.9%; 95% CI, 10.8 to 27.0) harbored EGFR mutations. These mutations include deletions in exon 19 in seven patients, L858R in six patients, G719A in three patients, and a novel A859T in one patient. Response rate in patients with EGFR mutation was 64.7% (11 of 17 patients; 95% CI, 42.0 to 87.4), in contrast to 13.7% (10 of 73 patients; 95% CI, 5.8 to 21.6) in patients without mutation (P < .001). Moreover, these 17 patients with EGFR mutation had significantly prolonged TTP (21.7 v 1.8 months; P < .001) and overall survival (30.5 v 6.6 months; P < .001) compared with the remaining 73 patients without mutation. Although no significant correlation was detected between EGFR mutation and expressions of p-Akt or p-Erk, p-Akt overexpression was associated with prolonged TTP in patients with EGFR mutation. CONCLUSION Our data further support the importance of EGFR mutation with regard to gefitinib sensitivity. In addition to its predictive role, EGFR mutation confers significant survival benefits on NSCLC patients treated with gefitinib.
A novel GJA8 mutation is associated with autosomal dominant lamellar pulverulent cataract: further evidence for gap junction dysfunction in human cataract

Purpose: To identify the gene responsible for autosomal dominant lamellar pulverulent cataract in a four-generation British family and characterise the functional and cellular consequences of the mutation. Methods: Linkage analysis was used to identify the disease locus. The GJA8 gene was sequenced directly. Functional behaviour and cellular trafficking of connexins were examined by expression in Xenopus oocytes and HeLa cells. Results: A 262C>A transition that resulted in the replacement of proline by glutamine (P88Q) in the coding region of connexin50 (Cx50) was identified. hCx50P88Q did not induce intercellular conductance and significantly inhibited gap junctional activity of co-expressed wild type hCx50 RNA in paired Xenopus oocytes. In transfected cells, immunoreactive hCx50P88Q was confined to the cytoplasm but showed a temperature sensitive localisation at gap junctional plaques. Conclusions: The pulverulent cataract described in this family is associated with a novel GJA8 mutation and has a different clinical phenotype from previously described GJA8 mutants. The cataract likely results from lack of gap junction function. The lack of function was associated with improper targeting to the plasma membrane, most probably due to protein misfolding.
After-Life Consumption and Charitable Giving

Most studies of charitable giving only examine total charitable contributions. This paper finds that contributions to religious organizations should be studied separately from contributions to nonreligious organizations. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions that religious giving is fundamentally different from nonreligious giving. Religious giving is assumed to directly influence after-life consumption, while nonreligious giving is not related to after-life consumption. While contributions to both increase with income, contributions to religious organizations also increase with age. There is no relationship between age and contributions to nonreligious organizations. Also, as income rises, religious contributions fall as a share of total giving. Copyright 2004 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc.
Economic Instruments for Environmental Regulation

Our knowledge about economic incentive approaches to pollution control has grown rapidly in the two decades in which they have received serious analytical attention. Not only have the theoretical models become more focused and the empirical work more detailed, but we have now had over a decade of experience with emissions trading in the U.S. and emission charges in Europe. As the world community becomes increasingly conscious of both the need to tighten environmental controls and the local economic perils associated with tighter controls in a highly competitive global marketplace, it seems a propitious time to stand back and to organize what we have learned about this practical and promising approach to pollution control that may be especially relevant to current circumstances. This paper draws upon economic theory, empirical studies, and actual experience with implementation to provide a brief overview of some of the major lessons we have learned about two economic incentive approaches--emissions tradi Copyright 1990 by Oxford University Press.
An ABC Simulation Focusing on Incentives and Innovation

Current textbooks advocate activity‐based costing (ABC) because it provides more detailed information on resource usage, leading to better cost control and reengineering of production processes. However, there is often little attention paid to how other organizational control features can affect the use of the information provided by ABC systems. This active learning simulation demonstrates that incentives can have a significant impact on how workers use ABC information to manage costs and innovate a production process. The simulation involves two student teams that are furnished with identical ABC cost driver information and either a tournament‐ or group‐based incentive structure. The teams simulate a factory environment by creating products using a simple manufacturing process, while the remaining students observe the process and record differences in communication, innovative activity, and resulting profitability. The teams' outcomes under the two separate incentives illustrate the interaction of a fir.
The effects of periodic visual occlusion on ball catching.

Four experiments were conducted to examine the effects of periodic visual occlusion on one-handed ball catching. Tennis balls were projected one at a time over distances of 8-12 m, and liquid-crystal visual occlusion spectacles provided intermittent vision by opening and closing the lens shutters at different frequencies. As well as frequency, we manipulated duty cycle, or the proportion of time that the lenses were open. Generally, catching performance deteriorated as frequency was reduced. Although longer visual samples (i.e., increased duty cycle) mediated this effect to some extent, the most potent variable was the time between visual samples; performance deteriorated rapidly when this interval was greater than 80 ms (i.e., 10 Hz with 20-ms lens open times). Presumably this occurred because subjects had difficulty integrating visual information separated by longer temporal intervals.
World Real Interest Rates

We think of the expected real interest rate for ten OECD countries (our counterpart of the world economy) as determined by the equation of aggregate investment demand to aggregate desired saving. Stock-market returns isolate shifts to investment demand, and changes in oil prices, monetary growth, and fiscal variables isolate shifts to desired saving. In this paper, we estimated the reduced form for GDP-weighted world averages of the expected short-term real interest rate and the investment ratio over the period 1959-88. The estimates reveal significant effects in the predicted direction for world stock returns, oil prices, and world monetary growth, but fiscal variables trurned out to be unimportant. Structural estimation implies that an increase by 1% in the expected real interest rates raises the desired saving rate by one-third of a percentage point. Simulations of the model indicate that fluctuations in world stock returns and oil prices explain a good deal of the time series for the world average of expected real interest rates, specifically, why the rates were low in 1974-79 and high in 1981-86. The model also explains the fall in real rates in 1987-88 and the subsequent upturn in 1989. The fitted relation forecasts an increase in the world average of real interest rates in 1990 to a value, 5.6%, that is nearly a full percentage point above the highest value attained in the entire prior sample, 1958-89. We estimated systems of equations for individual countries' expected real interest rates and investment ratios. One finding is that each country's expected real interest rate depends primarily on world factors, rather than own-country factors, thereby suggesting a good deal of integration of world capital and goods markets.
Underwork, Work‐Hour Insecurity, and a New Approach to Wage and Hour Regulation

type="main" xml:id="irel12111-abs-0001"> When it was passed in 1938, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) sought to address the “evils” of underpay and overwork by establishing an hourly minimum wage and requiring premium overtime pay. However, today's low-wage, hourly workers more often face underwork than overwork, as well as fluctuating, unstable schedules, neither of which is addressed by the FLSA. This paper presents and assesses the effectiveness of an alternative approach to wage and hour regulation, the “reporting pay” guarantee. We begin by examining the problem of work-hour insecurity, particularly employers’ practice of sending workers home early from scheduled shifts. We then move to a detailed assessment of state laws that require reporting pay, as well as reporting pay guarantees in union contracts and private-employer practices that attempt to address the problem of work-hour insecurity. We conclude by considering paths for strengthening such protections in law.
An Exact Solution to a Dynamic Portfolio Choice Problem under Transactions Costs

The presence of any friction in financial markets qualitatively changes the nature of the optimization problem faced by an investor. It requires one to either act or do nothing, an issue which, of course, does not arise in frictionless situations. The investor considered here accumulates wealth without consuming until some terminal point in time when he consumes all. His objective is to maximize the expected utility derived from that terminal consumption. We postpone the terminal point far into the future to obtain a stationary portfolio rule. The portfolio policy is in the form of two control barriers between which portfolio proportions are allowed to fluctuate. We show how to calculate them. Copyright 1991 by American Finance Association.