Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Phosphatidylcholine and Deoxycholate Compound Injections to the Localized Adipose Tissue: An Experimental Study with a Murine Model

Background Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and deoxycholate (DCA) compound has been recently used for the purpose of partial lipolysis and is valued for its efficacy and lower invasiveness compared to liposuction and dermolipectomy used previously. In this article, the authors discuss the efficacy of the PPC dissolved in DCA via an experimental rat study model, along with suggesting a useful animal experimental model for the study of adipose tissue and lipolysis. Methods Bilateral inguinal fat pads of an experimental rat were elevated with the deep inferior epigastric vessel as the sole vascular pedicle. Normal saline was injected on one side as a control group and a PPC and DCA compound was injected on the other side. After 4 days, the rats were euthanized for microscopic tissue examination. The pathology was scored by a semiquantitative system in 4 categories: normal fat amount, fat necrosis, inflammatory activity, and stage of fibrosis. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test powered by SPSS packet program was used for statistical analysis and to determine significance. Results Microscopic examination was performed on the obtained samples, and the experimental data of all four categories showed significant histologic differences compared to the control group. All of the data also showed statistical significance by the Wilcoxon signedrank test (P<0.01). Conclusions In the inguinal fat pad rat model, the control group and the experimental group had a differed significantly in the amount of normal fat tissue, inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis. We recommend the rat inguinal fat pad model used in this study, as it is likely to be useful in related research.
Xenon Attenuates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in the Rodent Prefrontal Cortex and Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn

Background:The molecular mechanisms of the inhalational anesthetic xenon are not yet fully understood. Recently, the authors showed that xenon reduces both N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and &agr;-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor–mediated synaptic transmission in a brain slice preparation of the amygdala. In the current study, the authors examined the effects of xenon on synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex and the spinal cord dorsal horn (substantia gelatinosa). Methods:In rodent brain or spinal cord slice preparations, the authors used patch clamp technique to investigate the impact of xenon on NMDA and AMPA receptor–mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents, as well as on &ggr;-aminobutyric acid type A receptor–mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents. The currents were either evoked upon electrical stimulation (NMDA-eEPSCs and AMPA-eEPSCs) or upon photolysis of caged L-glutamate (p-NMDA-Cs and p-AMPA-Cs). In addition, the authors investigated the effects of xenon on AMPA receptor–mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Results:In both central nervous system regions, xenon had virtually no effect on inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In the prefrontal cortex (spinal cord), xenon reversibly reduced NMDA-eEPSCs to approximately 58% (72%) and AMPA-eEPSCs to approximately 67% (65%) of control. There was no difference in the xenon-induced reduction of NMDA-eEPSCs and p-NMDA-Cs, or AMPA-eEPSCs and p-AMPA-Cs. Xenon did not affect the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents but reduced their amplitude. Conclusions:In the current study, the authors found that xenon depresses NMDA and AMPA receptor–mediated synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex and the substantia gelatinosa without affecting &ggr;-aminobutyric acid type A receptor–mediated synaptic transmission. These results provide evidence that the effects of xenon are primarily due to postsynaptic mechanisms.
GNSS Multipath-Resistant Cooperative Navigation in Urban Vehicular Networks

Multipath delays and signal outages in urban environments have been the most difficult problems in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based cooperative vehicular navigation systems. In this paper, we develop a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) GNSS signal detection algorithm and propose a multipath-resistant hybrid sum-product algorithm over a wireless network (MRH-SPAWN) and multipath-resistant hybrid cooperative extended Kalman filter (MR-hcEKF) techniques that significantly enhance multipath robustness in urban environments, compared with H-SPAWN and hcEKF, respectively. We provide theoretical derivation and realization of the proposed techniques and demonstrate the performance with numerous Monte Carlo simulations using field measurements of multipath delays. The proposed techniques significantly improve the positioning accuracy of all vehicles and outperform the conventional cooperative positioning (CP) technique in urban multipath environments.
Site‐specific antiphagocytic function of the Photorhabdus luminescens type III secretion system during insect colonization

Photorhabdus is an entomopathogenic bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae. The genome of the TT01 strain of Photorhabdus luminescens was recently sequenced and a large number of toxin‐encoding genes were found. Genomic analysis predicted the presence on the chromosome of genes encoding a type three secretion system (TTSS), the main role of which is the delivery of effector proteins directly into eukaryotic host cells. We report here the functional characterization of the TTSS. The locus identified encodes the secretion/translocation apparatus, gene expression regulators and an effector protein – LopT – homologous to the Yersinia cysteine protease cytotoxin YopT. Heterologous expression in Yersinia demonstrated that LopT was translocated into mammal cells in an active form, as shown by the appearance of a form of the RhoA GTPase with modified electrophoretic mobility. In vitro study showed that recombinant LopT was able to release RhoA and Rac from human and insect cell membrane. In vivo assays of infection of the cutworm Spodoptera littoralis and the locust Locusta migratoria with a TT01 strain carrying a translational fusion of the lopT gene with the gfp reporter gene revealed that the lopT gene was switched on only at sites of cellular defence reactions, such as nodulation, in insects. TTSS‐mutant did not induce nodule formation and underwent phagocytosis by insect macrophage cells, suggesting that the LopT effector plays an essential role in preventing phagocytosis and indicating an unexpected link between TTSS expression and the nodule reaction in insects.
Estimating prokaryotic diversity and its limits

The absolute diversity of prokaryotes is widely held to be unknown and unknowable at any scale in any environment. However, it is not necessary to count every species in a community to estimate the number of different taxa therein. It is sufficient to estimate the area under the species abundance curve for that environment. Log-normal species abundance curves are thought to characterize communities, such as bacteria, which exhibit highly dynamic and random growth. Thus, we are able to show that the diversity of prokaryotic communities may be related to the ratio of two measurable variables: the total number of individuals in the community and the abundance of the most abundant members of that community. We assume that either the least abundant species has an abundance of 1 or Preston's canonical hypothesis is valid. Consequently, we can estimate the bacterial diversity on a small scale (oceans 160 per ml; soil 6,400–38,000 per g; sewage works 70 per ml). We are also able to speculate about diversity at a larger scale, thus the entire bacterial diversity of the sea may be unlikely to exceed 2 × 106, while a ton of soil could contain 4 × 106 different taxa. These are preliminary estimates that may change as we gain a greater understanding of the nature of prokaryotic species abundance curves. Nevertheless, it is evident that local and global prokaryotic diversity can be understood through species abundance curves and purely experimental approaches to solving this conundrum will be fruitless.
Multi-texturing 3D models: How to choose the best texture?

In this article, the impact of 2D based approaches for multi-texturing 3D models using real images is studied. While conventional 3D based approaches assign the best texture for each mesh triangle according to geometric criteria such as triangle orientation or triangle area, 2D based approaches tend to minimize the distortion between the rendered views and the original ones. Evaluation of the two strategies is performed on real scenes for two image sequences and results are provided using the PSNR metric. Moreover, an improvement of the image-based approach is proposed for texturing partially visible triangles.
Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase up-regulated p53 expression in shikonin-induced HeLa cell apoptosis.

BACKGROUND The role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in shikonin-induced HeLa cells apoptosis remains vague. This study was to investigate the activation of caspase pathways and the role of ERK1/2 in human cervical cancer cells, HeLa, by shikonin. METHODS The inhibitory effect of shikonin on the growth of HeLa cells was measured by MTT assay. Fluorescent microscopic analysis of apoptotic cells stained with 4',6'-oliiamiclino-2-phenylindole C (DAPI) and Hoechst 33258 was carried out. Caspase-3 and -8 activities were detected using caspase-3 substrate and caspase-8 substrate as substrates, respectively. The protein levels of ERK, p53 and p-ERK were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Shikonin inhibited cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 were activated in the apoptotic process and caspase inhibitors effectively reversed shikonin-induced apoptosis. Phosphorylation of ERK resulted in up-regulation of p53 expression, which was blocked by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), inhibitor PD 98059. CONCLUSION Shikonin induces HeLa cell apoptosis through the ERK, p53 and caspase pathways.
Named Entity Recognition for Code Mixing in Indian Languages using Hybrid Approach

Automating the process of Named Entity Recognition has received a lot of attention over past few years in Social Media Text. Named Entities are real world objects such as Person, Organization, Product, Location. Identifying these entities in social media text is an important challenging task due the informal nature of text present on social media. One such challenge that is faced in recognizing named entities in Indian Social Media Text is Code Mixing. Code Mixing is usage of more than one language in a sentence. Being a multilingual country, people of India tend to know more than one language, which in turn results in the code mixing of text while expressing their opinions. This paper describes the proposed approach for shared task CMEE-IL (Code Mix Entity Extraction in Indian Language), FIRE 2016. Proposed algorithm uses a hybrid approach of a dictionary cum supervised classification approach for identifying entities in Code Mix Text of Indian Languages such as HindiEnglish and Tamil-English. CCS Concepts •Computing methodologies→Natural language processing; Information extraction; Language resources; Machine learning;
Analiza bezbednosnih mehanizama OSPF protokola

The security of the service and the system depends on the security of each of them components of this system. An attack on the routing protocol may be inaccurate functioning of the computer network. In some cases this is possible The attacker comes to data or artificial information for which he is not entitled. OSPF protocol is the most commonly used connection protocol. U In this paper, we conducted an OSPF security analysis and described it security mechanisms. ----- Bezbednost nekog servisa i sistema zavisi od bezbednosti svake komponente tog sistema. Napad na protokol rutiranja mo\v{z}e proizvesti neispravno funkcionisanje ra\v{c}unarske mre\v{z}e. U pojedinim slu\v{c}ajevima mogu\'ce je da napada\v{c} do{\dj}e do podataka ili umetne podatke za koje nema pravo. OSPF protokol je najrasprostranjeniji protokol stanja linka (link-state protocol). U ovom radu izvr\v{s}ili smo analizu bezbednosti OSPF protokola i opisali njegove bezbednosne mehanizme.
One-Pot Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles via Thiol−Ene Click Reaction for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cysteine-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Cys-Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized by the one-pot biofunctionalization of allyl-functionalized Fe3O4 NPs (allyl-Fe3O4) with cysteine using the in situ hydrolysis−condensation of iron(III) allylacetylacetonate and the thiol−ene click reaction. The particle size of Fe3O4 in Cys-Fe3O4 NPs measured by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis was ∼8 nm. Cys-Fe3O4 NPs were soluble in water and had a hydrodynamic diameter of 22 nm and prolonged stability in water. They were superparamagnetic, which was confirmed by fitting the Langevin equation to the magnetization data, generated heat in an alternating current (AC) magnetic field, and had a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 156 W g−1 at 230 kHz and 100 Oe. In addition, they exhibited a T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast-enhancing effect.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Thermally Stressed Symbiodinium Reveals Differential Expression of Stress and Metabolism Genes

Endosymbioses between dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodinium sp.) and scleractinian coral species form the foundation of coral reef ecosystems. The coral symbiosis is highly susceptible to elevated temperatures, resulting in coral bleaching, where the algal symbiont is released from host cells. This experiment aimed to determine the transcriptional changes in cultured Symbiodinium, to better understand the response of cellular mechanisms under future temperature conditions. Cultures were exposed to elevated temperatures (average 31°C) or control conditions (24.5°C) for a period of 28 days. Whole transcriptome sequencing of Symbiodinium cells on days 4, 19, and 28 were used to identify differentially expressed genes under thermal stress. A large number of genes representing 37.01% of the transcriptome (∼23,654 unique genes, FDR < 0.05) with differential expression were detected at no less than one of the time points. Consistent with previous studies of Symbiodinium gene expression, fold changes across the transcriptome were low, with 92.49% differentially expressed genes at ≤2-fold change. The transcriptional response included differential expression of genes encoding stress response components such as the antioxidant network and molecular chaperones, cellular components such as core photosynthesis machinery, integral light-harvesting protein complexes and enzymes such as fatty acid desaturases. Differential expression of genes encoding glyoxylate cycle enzymes were also found, representing the first report of this in Symbiodinium. As photosynthate transfer from Symbiodinium to coral hosts provides up to 90% of a coral’s daily energy requirements, the implications of altered metabolic processes from exposure to thermal stress found in this study on coral-Symbiodinium associations are unknown and should be considered when assessing the stability of the symbiotic relationship under future climate conditions.
A Comparative Analysis of Association Rules Mining Algorithms

Association rule mining is the one of the most important technique of the data mining. Its aim is to extract interesting correlations, frequent patterns and association among set of items in the transaction database. This paper presents a comparison between different association mining algorithms. All these algorithms are compared according to various factors like type of data set, support counting, rule generation, candidate generation and some other factor . The compared algorithms are presented together with some examples that lead to the final conclusions. Association rules are widely used in various areas such as telecommunication, market and risk management, inventory control etc.
Simple Spectrophotometric and Conductometric methods for Determination of Gemifloxacin in Pure, Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Human Urine

Article history: Received on: 17/09/2015 Revised on: 09/01/2016 Accepted on: 03/03/2016 Available online: 28/12/2016 Two Simple, accurate, precise, and rapid spectrophotometric and conductometric methods were developed for the estimation ofgemifloxacin (GEM) in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological human urine. Method A: A spectrophotometric method is based on the oxidation reaction between phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and GEM to form molybdenum blue (Mo +5 ). Beer , s law was obeyed in the concentration range of (5-27 μg/ml). The correlation coefficient ( 2) for the studied drug was found to be 0.9999. The molar absorptivity ( ), Sandells sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ)were also calculated. Method B: A conductometric method is based on formation of an ion associate with PMA. It involves direct titration with PMA in the range of 1-20 mg. The precipitate obtained by ion pairing GEM with PMA has been spectroscopically characterized using IR spectroscopy. The method was successively applied to pharmaceutical formulations containing GEM. The results obtained were favorably compared with those obtained using the reported method.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor polymorphisms and frontal cortex morphology in schizophrenia

Objective To investigate associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms and regional frontal cortical thickness and volume in patients with schizophrenia and healthy control participants. Methods BDNF genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing techniques in 96 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 104 healthy control participants. Cortical morphology was analyzed by processing magnetic resonance brain images with the FreeSurfer software package. General linear model analysis was used to study associations between BDNF variants and cortical thickness in patients and controls, respectively. Regional frontal cortical volumes were defined from automatic cortical parcellations. Results For patients with schizophrenia, there was an association between the BDNF −633 T/A polymorphism and thickness and volume of distinct subregions of the prefrontal cortex. Data indicated trends toward genotypic associations between the BDNF 270 C/T and 11757 G/C polymorphisms and the volume of specific frontal lobe regions in patients with schizophrenia. Among controls, there were no significant associations between BDNF polymorphisms and cortical thickness. Trends toward genotypic associations between BDNF polymorphisms and volumes of some frontal lobe regions for control participants were observed, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Polymorphisms in the BDNF gene may be associated with variation in frontal lobe morphology. Associations seem to be stronger in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls.
(s, S) Policies for a Dynamic Inventory Model with Stochastic Lead Times

This study analyzes a stochastic lead time inventory model under the assumptions that a replenishment orders do not cross in time and b the lead time distribution for a given order is independent of the number and sizes of outstanding orders. The study extends the existing literature on the finite-horizon version of the model and yields an intuitively appealing dynamic program that is nearly identical to one that would apply in a transformed model with all lead times fixed at zero. Hence, many results that have been derived for fixed lead time models generalize easily. Conditions for the optimality of myopic base-stock policies, and for the optimality of s, S policies are established for both finite and infinite planning horizons. The infinite-horizon model analysis is extended by adapting the fixed lead time results for the efficient computation of optimal and approximately optimal s, S policies.
Implications of Path Stability on Efficient Authentication in Interdomain Routing

Interdomain routing is implemented on the Internet through the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Many approaches have been proposed to mitigate or solve the many problems of BGP security; yet, none of the proposed solutions have been widely deployed. The lack of adoption is largely caused by a failure to find an acceptable balance between deployability, cost, and security. In this paper, we study one aspect of the BGP security puzzle: path validation . We develop a formal model of path authentication in BGP. We define and prove the security of a range of novel and efficient solutions under this model. We further analyze the security relevant stability of paths in the Internet and profile resource consumption of the proposed constructions via trace-based simulations. Our constructions can reduce signature validation costs by as much as 97.3% over existing proposals while requiring nominal storage resources. We conclude by considering how our solution can be incrementally deployed in the Internet.
Detecting spamming stores by analyzing their suspicious behaviors

The purpose of this paper is to detect the stores with spamming behaviors. We identify suspicious behaviors of these stores to detect spamming stores. These suspicious behaviors are from the two following observations. First, spamming stores may target quantity of sale and product reviews to influence consumers' decisions. Second, they tend to deviate from the other stores in quantity of the sale and reviews. From those observations, we propose a novel scoring methods to find spamming stores, and they are applied on Aliexpress dataset. Our experiment results show that our proposed methods are effective in finding spamming stores.
Enabling 3X nm DRAM: Record low leakage 0.4 nm EOT MIM capacitors with novel stack engineering

We report the lowest leakage achieved to date in sub-0.5 nm EOT MIM capacitors compatible with DRAM flows, showing for the first time a path enabling scalability to the 3X nm node. A novel stack engineering consisting of: 1) novel controlled ultrathin Ru oxidation process, 2) TiO<inf>x</inf> interface layer, is used for the first time to achieve record low Jg-EOT in MIM capacitors using ALD Sr-rich STO high-k dielectric and thin Ru bottom electrode. Record low Jg of 10<sup>−6</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> (10<sup>−8</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>) is achieved for EOT of 0.4 nm (0.5 nm) at 0.8 V. Our data is compared favorably (> 100× Jg reduction at 0.4 nm) to previous best values in literature for MIMcaps with ALD dielectrics.
Ribbing disease: Uncommon cause of a common symptom

Ribbing disease is a rare form of sclerosing dysplasia characterized by benign endosteal and periosteal bone growth confined to the diaphyses of the long bones, usually the tibiae and femora. It occurs after puberty and is more commonly seen in women. The most common presenting symptom is pain that is usually self-limited; however, progression is known. The etiology and optimal treatment for the disease are as yet undefined. We present here the case of a 31-year-old woman with clinical, radiological and bone scan manifestations of Ribbing disease corroborated by bone biopsy. Radiographs demonstrated cortical thickening of the diaphyses of both tibiae. 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan revealed intense irregular uptake in diaphyseal region of both tibiae. Magnetic resonance imaging showed cortical thickening with bone marrow edema in bilateral tibial diaphysis with minimal adjacent soft tissue edema. Bone biopsy revealed predominantly dense lamellar bone with irregular sized and spaced haversian systems. Serum and urine markers of bone metabolism were within normal limits. The patient was treated with analgesics, and had partial relief from pain. Medullary rimming is the next treatment option in case pain progresses. This report emphasizes the role of bone scan in the diagnosis of this rare condition.