Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Play with Me: How Fathers and Mothers Play with Their Preschoolers with Autism

(1) Background: Children can develop cognitive and social skills during play. Most research has focused on mothers, but the paternal features in interaction with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are mainly unexplored. This study aimed to compare fathers’ and mothers’ interactive behaviors with their children with ASD to identify similarities and differences during playful exchanges. (2) Methods: A total of 72 mothers and 72 fathers of paired children with ASD (chronological age: M = 44.61 months; SD = 13.37) took part in this study. Data were collected during 10 min of video-recorded semi-structured interactions with mothers and fathers separately in interaction with their children. (3) Results: Mothers showed more symbolic play (W = 3537; p < 0.001) than fathers, who displayed higher levels of exploratory play (t(139.44) = −2.52; p = 0.013) compared to mothers. However, child cognitive functioning impacts maternal play but not the father’s play characteristics. (4) Conclusions: Highlighting mother–child and father–child features may have important service delivery implications for implementing personalized parental-based interventions based on the strengths and weaknesses of both caregivers in a complementary system.
NBI-driven ion cyclotron instabilities at the W7-AS stellarator

The lower hybrid (LH) plasma turbulence triggered by injection of quasi-transverse hydrogen beams at the W7-AS stellarator is investigated by the collective Thomson scattering (CTS) technique. Simultaneously, ion cyclotron emission (ICE) is measured with a broadband loop antenna. Good correlation of the ICE and CTS data is found at the LH frequency; the activity at lower ICE harmonics is also detected with injection of heating neutral beams. Theoretical interpretation of the observations is based on numerical simulations of fast ion distribution functions originating from different NBIs using a time-dependent bounce-averaged collisional Fokker–Planck code. With these distributions, the instabilities of electrostatic modes in the vicinity of ion cyclotron harmonics following from the solution of the local dispersion relation are investigated. Two cases are analysed: the hydrodynamic instability under the double-resonance condition when the LH frequency coincides with a high ion cyclotron harmonic (interpretation of the CTS results), and the kinetic instability of ion Bernstein waves at harmonics lower than the LH frequency (qualitative understanding of ICE data).
Generation of Cross-Polarized Photon Pairs via Type-II Third-Order Quasi-Phase Matched Parametric Down-Conversion

We have developed a high-efficiency source of cross-polarized photon pairs generated via type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion using periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). The photon pairs are generated from bulk PPLN under third-order quasi-phase-matched conditions around 800 nm. We achieved a photon-pair production rate of N=1.95×106 s-1·mW-1.
Helping children explore their emotional and social worlds through therapeutic stories

Story telling has universal appeal as the oldest medium through which to pass on knowledge in a way that engages the interest of others. A type of story telling based on therapeutic principles is especially accessible to children as it uses the natural language of metaphor and dreams. Therapeutic stories are a powerful intervention in the lives of children who have experienced abuse, neglect, loss, bereavement or rejection. Using casework examples, this paper demonstrates how an educational psychologist can effectively use therapeutic stories to enable children either individually or in groups to have their feelings of hurt acknowledged through carefully constructed and co-constructed stories. This technique provides an evidence-based resource for educational psychologists to use, enabling the damaged identities of children to begin to be repaired.
Two-Year Simulation of the Great Lakes Region with a Coupled Modeling System

Abstract In this paper, we report on an experiment aimed at evaluating the feasibility of the application of our coupled regional climate modeling system to long-term climate simulations over the Great Lakes region. The simulation analyzed covers a continuous 24-month period beginning 1 September 1990 and extending to 1 September 1992. Many aspects of this simulation agreed well with observations. Compared with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses, area-averaged atmospheric temperature and moisture biases were generally small. The largest temperature biases were found in the simulated boundary layer, up to 1–1.5 K colder than observed in most months. Atmospheric moisture biases were of both signs and small in magnitude, almost universally less than 0.5 g kg−1. Comparison of simulated surface air temperatures with station observations also indicated that model simulated temperatures generally display a cold bias. Simulated precipitation values agreed well with observations du.
The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline

Rock, snow and ice masses are often dislodged on steep slopes of mountainous regions. The masses, which typically are in the form of innumerable discrete blocks or granules, initially accelerate down the slope until the angle of inclination of the bed approaches the horizontal and bed friction eventually brings them to rest. The present paper describes an initial investigation which considers the idealized problem of a finite mass of material released from rest on a rough inclined plane. The granular mass is treated as a frictional Coulomb-like continuum with a Coulomb-like basal friction law. Depth-averaged equations of motion are derived; they bear a superficial resemblance to the nonlinear shallow-water wave equations. Two similarity solutions are found for the motion. They both are of surprisingly simple analytical form and show a rather unanticipated behaviour. One has the form of a pile of granular material in the shape of a parabolic cap and the other has the form of an M-wave with vertical faces at the leading and trailing edges. The linear stability of the similarity solutions is studied. A restricted stability analysis, in which the spread is left unperturbed shows them to be stable, suggesting that mathematically both are possible asymptotic wave forms. Two numerical finite-difference schemes, one of Lagrangian, the other of Eulerian type, are presented. While the Eulerian technique is able to reproduce the M-wave similarity solution, it appears to give spurious results for more general initial conditions and the Lagrangian technique is best suited for the present problem. The numerical predictions are compared with laboratory experiments of Huber (1980) involving the motion of gravel released from rest on a rough inclined plane. Although in these experiments the continuum approximation breaks down at large times when the gravel layer is only a few particle diameters thick, the general features of the development of the gravel mass are well predicted by the numerical solutions.
Data-driven Cross-lingual Syntax: An Agreement Study with Massively Multilingual Models

Massively multilingual models such as mBERT and XLM-R are increasingly valued in Natural Language Processing research and applications, due to their ability to tackle the uneven distribution of resources available for different languages. The models’ ability to process multiple languages relying on a shared set of parameters raises the question of whether the grammatical knowledge they extracted during pre-training can be considered as a data-driven cross-lingual grammar. The present work studies the inner workings of mBERT and XLM-R in order to test the cross-lingual consistency of the individual neural units that respond to a precise syntactic phenomenon, that is, number agreement, in five languages (English, German, French, Hebrew, Russian). We found that there is a significant overlap in the latent dimensions that encode agreement across the languages we considered. This overlap is larger (a) for long- vis-à-vis short-distance agreement and (b) when considering XLM-R as compared to mBERT, and peaks in the intermediate layers of the network. We further show that a small set of syntax-sensitive neurons can capture agreement violations across languages; however, their contribution is not decisive in agreement processing.
Effective mass of a rotating black hole in a magnetic field

The authors have given a definition of the effective mass of the Kerr black hole that incorporates a contribution due to rotation as well as agreeing with the Komar integral asymptotically. They apply this definition to compute the effective mass of a Kerr-Newman black hole and a Kerr black hole embedded in the magnetic field. It turns out that rotation and charge on the hole decrease the mass, being least at the horizon (going to zero for the extremal case M2=a2+Q2), while the magnetic field has an enhancing contribution. This gives rise to an interesting situation when the two cancel out each other's contributions yielding the effective mass M at finite r. The effective mass of the distorted Schwarzschild black hole continues to be M, up to the first approximation. Effective mass can be evaluated for all stationary spacetimes, whether they are empty or non-empty or asymptotically flat or non-flat, for instance, the Schwarzschild interior solution and the de Sitter universe.
Time-resolved optical microscopy of a laser-based forward transfer process

Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write was investigated by ultrahigh speed optical microscopy. A composite barium–zirconium titanate/α-terpineol layer was irradiated by 355 nm laser pulses with a 150 ns pulse width, and it was observed that material removal does not begin until after the end of the pulse (t>200 ns) and continues for 1 μs after the irradiation. The desorption plume consists of micron-size particles moving with a velocity of ∼0.2 km/s. The slow response is attributed to the combination of particle absorbers and highly viscous fluid. The ability to form continuous, pinhole-free coatings is due to slow coalescence of the particles.
Pre‐pragmatic language use in toddlerhood: Developmental antecedents, aetiological factors, and associations to autism

Abstract Background Pragmatic language is key for adaptive communication, but often compromised in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Decontextualized language—to talk about events and things beyond here and now—develops early in childhood and can be seen as a pre‐pragmatic ability. Little is known about the factors that contribute to decontextualized language use in toddlers and whether these are different from factors contributing to general language development. Methods We studied longitudinal associations between parent‐rated core language and non‐verbal socio‐communicative abilities at 14 months of age, and decontextualized language use at 24 months of age in children with typical and elevated likelihood of ASD (total N = 303). Using twin modelling, we also investigated genetic and environmental contributions on decontextualized language and grammar use in two‐year‐old twin pairs (total N = 374). Results Core language ability was a strong predictor of later decontextualized language use in both children with and without an elevated likelihood of ASD. In contrast, social communication was only a significant predictor of decontextualized language use for children with low levels of core language. This pattern was specific to decontextualized language, and not replicated in prediction of concurrent grammatical ability. Further, there was a large genetic influence on decontextualized language at 2 years of age, which mostly overlapped with the genetic influences on grammatical ability. Shared environment influences were significant for grammatical ability, but not found on decontextualized language. In children with an elevated likelihood of ASD, decontextualized language use was negatively associated with autistic symptoms. Conclusions This study suggests that decontextualized language is developmentally associated with, yet dissociable from, more general language development measured as grammatical ability. Already at 2 years of age, parental ratings of decontextualized language is associated to clinician‐rated symptoms of ASD.
Bioremediation of Aquatic Environments Contaminated with Heavy Metals: A Review of Mechanisms, Solutions and Perspectives

The degradation of water resources is related to anthropic actions such as rapid urbanization and industrial and agricultural activities with inefficient land use and occupation management. Water pollution caused by organic and inorganic contaminants represents a current challenge for researchers and humanity. One of the techniques used to remove pollutants from aquatic environments is bioremediation, through the metabolism of living organisms, and especially phytoremediation, with plants as a decontamination agent. Aiming to demonstrate the current mechanisms, solutions, and perspectives regarding bioremediation, and especially phytoremediation in aquatic environments, a literature review was conducted, highlighting the following subjects: heavy metals as contaminants, phytoremediation, evaluation of resistance mechanisms, removal of heavy metals by microorganisms and biofilters of the artificial floating islands type. From the literature research carried out, it can be concluded that alternatives such as macrophyte plants have proved to be an effective and efficient alternative with a high potential for removal of contaminants in aquatic environments, including concomitantly with microorganisms. There was no mechanism well-defined for specific absorption of heavy metals by plants; however, some results can indicate that if there was sporadic contamination with some contaminants, the plants can be indicators with some adsorption and absorption, even with low concentration in the watercourse by the moment of the evaluation. It is necessary to study bioremediation methods, resistance mechanisms, tolerance, and removal efficiencies for each biological agent chosen. Within the bioremediation processes of aquatic environments, the use of macrophyte plants with a high capacity for phytoremediation of metals, used combined with bioremediating microorganisms, such as biofilters, is an interesting perspective to remove contaminants.
Scheduling Independent Tasks to Minimize the Makespan on Identical Machines

In this paper we consider scheduling n tasks on m parallel machines where the task processing times are i.i. d. random variables with a common distribution function F. Scheduling is done by an a priori assignment of tasks to machines. We show that if the distribution function F is a Pólya frequency function of order 2 (decreasing reverse hazard rate) then the assignment that attempts to place an equal number of tasks on each machine achieves the stochastically smallest makespan among all assignments. The condition embraces many important distributions, such as the gamma and truncated normal distributions. Assuming that the task processing times have a common density that is a Pólya frequency function of order 2 (increasing likelihood ratio), then we find that flatter schedules have stochastically smaller makespans in the sense of the “joint” likelihood ratio.
Realization of the palladium freezing point for thermocouple calibrations

A vertical alumina palladium (Pd) freezing-point cell was made and used for the calibration of noble metal thermocouples. Various characteristics of the freezing process were investigated using type B thermocouples, and the best method of freezing is discussed. It was found that the freezing behaviour was influenced by the thermal history: it is preferable to freeze the Pd melt completely before carrying out the next test. The thermocouple emfs during freezing were determined by calculating the average emf during the first 10 minutes of the plateau just after the depression in the supercooling curve. This emf was reproducible within a standard deviation of 0.1 °C. The expanded uncertainty of calibrating a type B thermocouple in the Pd freezing-point cell was estimated to be 1.0 °C at the 95% confidence level (k = 2).
On a model of a slowly rotating solar convection zone

Numerical solutions are evaluated of the equations governing the large-scale motions of rotating stellar convection zones, as derived by Durney and Spruit (DS). With the solar convection zone in mind, these equations were solved by a perturbation method with the uniformly rotating convection zone as the unperturbed state (approximated by a polytrope). The horizontal dimensions of the dominant convective eddy were assumed to be equal (l/sub theta/ = l/sub phi/) and the ratio l/sub theta//l/sub r/ ( = s) a constant independent of polar angle theta and radial distance r (phi is longitude; we recall that the ratios l/sub r//l/sub theta/, l/sub r//l/sub phi/, together with the mixing length, are the basic arbitrary parameters in the equations derived by DS). The collocation method was used to transform the set of partial differential equations in r and theta, into a set of ordinary differential equations in r which were then solved for a variety of boundary conditions. The solutions were evaluated for increasingly larger values of the angular velocity . cap omega. /sub 0/. For values of . cap omega. /sub 0/ smaller than the solar angular velocity the energy carried by the meridional motions was large enough to stabilize the turbulent convection, and solutionsmore » to the equations ceased to exist (we neglected in this paper the energy carried by radiation). Large pole-equator differences in flux were present in the lower part of the convection zone; at the surface, however, these pole-equator differences in flux were negligible. « less
Wireless power transfer for mobile robot with capacity optimization and dynamic protection considerations

ABSTRACT In this paper, a wireless charging system that can perform coil capacity optimization and dynamic protection is proposed for mobile robots. Poor wireless charging performance might be obtained because of the inability to achieve reliable capacity estimation and effective charging detection; therefore, in this study, suitable solutions were identified for capacity estimation and effective charging detection. First, resonance analysis was conducted on a systematic flexible coil design to maximize its charging capacity. Second, a dynamic protection mechanism was developed to handle unexpected charging mistakes caused by misalignment. Third, a pickup terminal feedback system integrated with a Bluetooth chip and microprocessor unit was embedded to maintain the requisite output voltage. This system was validated through simulations and hardware implementations. The experimental results indicate that a setup based on the proposed design delivers a power of 3.2 kW at an efficiency of 91.4%, which confirms the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed approach for robot charging.
ON THE AMPLIFICATION OF COSMOLOGICAL NON-MAXWELLIAN FIELDS IN CURVED BACKGROUND

We study the influence of the gravitational field of Friedmann geometries upon an electromagnetic potential, through the Proca electromagnetic theory in a Dirac aether. The results are compared with those as foreseen by the Maxwellian theory in curved space–time. Our findings show that strong amplification effects of electromagnetic fields are a distinctive possibility. Thence we discuss some related topics.
An Efficient Path Planning Algorithm Using a Potential Field for Ground Forces

With the development and proliferation of unmanned weapons systems, path planning is becoming increasingly important. Existing path-planning algorithms mainly assume a well-known environment, and thus pre-planning is desirable, but the actual ground battlefield is uncertain, and numerous contingencies occur. In this study, we present a novel, efficient path-planning algorithm based on a potential field that quickly changes the path in a constantly changing environment. The potential field is composed of a set of functions representing enemy threats and a penalty term representing distance to the target area. We also introduce a new threat function using a multivariate skew-normal distribution that accurately expresses the enemy threat in ground combat.
IMPACT OF BIO-COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION ON NITRATE-REDUCING BACTERIA IN OIL RESERVOIR WATER TREATMENT

In the presence of nitrogen oxides, nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) may use nitrate as an electron acceptor, reduce nitrate to nitrite, and finally convert nitrite to nitrogen or ammonium (NO and N2O). Studies have shown that BCX (Bio-Competitive Exclusion) is a viable , ecologically benign, and low-cost technique for regulating NRB in its first phases of study and application. More precisely, Pseudomonas sp. to isolate nitrate-reducing bacteria from oil-field wastewater using 16S rDNA sequencing and selection (NRB). Including NO3 and NO2 as bio-activators has helped researchers get a deeper understanding of the processes that govern NRB activation. The potential for molybdate and NRB to inhibit Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) was also investigated. The results showed that NO2 was more effective than NO3. The effect was greatest at a 1:4 ratio of NO3 to NO2. NRB activation synergized with low molybdic acid solution concentrations (5%). Static corrosion model experiments demonstrated the importance of SRB in the corroding process. Biological inhibitors were shown to have the lowest corrosion rates, proving their effectiveness. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the corroded steel sheet's surface morphology. In addition, there was almost no surface corrosion or pitting on the steel sheet.
An Edgeworth expansion for symmetric statistics

We consider asymptotically normal statistics which are symmetric functions of N i.i. d. random variables. For these statistics we prove the validity of an Edgeworth expansion with remainder O(N-1) under Cramer's condition on the linear part of the statistic and moment assumptions for all parts of the statistic. By means of a counterexample we show that it is generally not possible to obtain an Edgeworth expansion with remainder o(N-1) without imposing additional assumptions on the structure of the nonlinear part of the statistic.
A 3-D-printed Wideband Millimeter-Wave Fan-Beam Antenna With Flat-Top, Sharp Cutoff Patterns, and Beam-Scanning Capability

This article presents a wideband millimeter-wave (MMW) fan-beam antenna with a flat-top, rapid cutoff radiation pattern, and beam-scanning capability through the use of 3-D printer technology. The proposed antenna, consisting of several periodic structures that composed of dielectric and air slabs, is fed by the WR-28 waveguide. By tuning the ratio of dielectric slab thickness to that of unit cell, the effective permittivity is controlled flexibly. The phase distribution on the aperture is carefully modulated in this way to devote high-quality flat-top patterns. In addition, the beam can be continuously scanned within the angle range of 70° without scarifying the gain performance dramatically. For demonstration, a prototype with boresight fan-beam radiation is first fabricated and measured. The proposed antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 50% from 24 to 40 GHz. Measured results indicate that the wide beamwidth patterns show flat-top and sharp cutoff performance. Both E-plane and H-plane patterns draw low cross polarization (smaller than −22 dB). Another prototype, aiming to verify the beam-scanning capability, is investigated. Measured results demonstrate the performances of the proposed antennas. With such favorable electrical performance, simple structure, and low-cost fabrication, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for 5G MMW and satellite applications.