Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Podocalyxin-Like Protein Is Expressed in Glioblastoma Multiforme Stem-Like Cells and Is Associated with Poor Outcome

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant adult brain tumor and is associated with poor survival. Recently, stem-like cell populations have been identified in numerous malignancies including GBM. To identify genes whose expression is changed with differentiation, we compared transcript profiles from a GBM oncosphere line before and after differentiation. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression profiles identified podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL), a protein highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells, as a potential marker of undifferentiated GBM stem-like cells. The loss of PODXL expression upon differentiation of GBM stem-like cell lines was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Analytical flow cytometry of numerous GBM oncosphere lines demonstrated PODXL expression in all lines examined. Knockdown studies and flow cytometric cell sorting experiments demonstrated that PODXL is involved in GBM stem-like cell proliferation and oncosphere formation. Compared to PODXL-negative cells, PODXL-positive cells had increased expression of the progenitor/stem cell markers Musashi1, SOX2, and BMI1. Finally, PODXL expression directly correlated with increasing glioma grade and was a marker for poor outcome in patients with GBM. In summary, we have demonstrated that PODXL is expressed in GBM stem-like cells and is involved in cell proliferation and oncosphere formation. Moreover, high PODXL expression correlates with increasing glioma grade and decreased overall survival in patients with GBM.
Nanostructured Hydrogels for Three‐Dimensional Cell Culture Through Self‐Assembly of Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl–Dipeptides

A number of short peptide amphiphiles consisting of dipeptides linked to fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl spontaneously form fibrous hydrogels under physiological conditions (see figure). The structural and physical properties of these gels are dictated by the amino acid sequence of the peptide building blocks, and the gels support the three-dimensional cell culture of chondrocytes.
A Thermodynamic Model of Microtubule Assembly and Disassembly

Microtubules are self-assembling polymers whose dynamics are essential for the normal function of cellular processes including chromosome separation and cytokinesis. Therefore understanding what factors effect microtubule growth is fundamental to our understanding of the control of microtubule based processes. An important factor that determines the status of a microtubule, whether it is growing or shrinking, is the length of the GTP tubulin microtubule cap. Here, we derive a Monte Carlo model of the assembly and disassembly of microtubules. We use thermodynamic laws to reduce the number of parameters of our model and, in particular, we take into account the contribution of water to the entropy of the system. We fit all parameters of the model from published experimental data using the GTP tubulin dimer attachment rate and the lateral and longitudinal binding energies of GTP and GDP tubulin dimers at both ends. Also we calculate and incorporate the GTP hydrolysis rate. We have applied our model and can mimic published experimental data, which formerly suggested a single layer GTP tubulin dimer microtubule cap, to show that these data demonstrate that the GTP cap can fluctuate and can be several microns long.
A Secret shearing Algorithm based on LSB Substitution

This paper proposed a highly secure secret sharing scheme for multimedia image communication. The proposed scheme may used for generation of n number shares of a secret image. Both the construction and revealing of shares are based on LSB subtraction. In previously proposed schemes were surfers from several problems. Like in case of images having completely single color other than the color black, the shares were having strip patterns rather than being random or pixel expansion. The proposed scheme is applicable for any size of image, has no pixel expansion and can reconstruct the secret image precisely. The proposed scheme includes no matrix multiplication for construction of shares with computational complexity equal to LSB method. The scheme can be directly applied for any of the binary, grayscale or color image. Experimental results show that the scheme is simple and effective.
Characterisation of noise and sharpness of images from four digital breast tomosynthesis systems for simulation of images for virtual clinical trials

In-depth evaluation of the noise and sharpness characteristics of FujiFilm Innovality, GE SenoClaire, Hologic Selenia Dimensions and Siemens Inspiration digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) systems was performed with the intention of improving image simulation for virtual clinical trials. Noise power spectra (NPS) and modulation transfer function curves (MTF) were measured for planar modes and for the first and central projections for DBT modes. In DBT mode, the x-ray beam was blocked for the projections before the central projection in order to remove the influence of lag and ghosting from the previous images. A quadratic fit between the NPS and linearised pixel value gave the noise coefficients for planar and DBT imaging modes. The spatial frequencies corresponding to an MTF of 0.5 (MTF0.5) were calculated from the MTF measurements made on the breast support and at 40 mm above the breast support. This was done for the first and the central projections. The percentage of signal carried over from the first projection to subsequent images (lag) was measured using a slit. The noise associated with lag was also evaluated. The DBT modes typically had lower electronic noise coefficients but higher structural noise coefficients compared to the respective planar mode MTF0.5 measured 40 mm above the table was between 6% and 47% lower for continuous scanning systems compared to 1% lower for step and shoot systems. For wide angle DBT, the MTF0.5 of the first projection was 18% (FujiFilm) and 28% (Siemens) lower than for the central projection. Lag in the second projection was 2.2%, 0.3%, 0.8% for the FujiFilm, GE and Hologic systems respectively. In all cases, the noise associated with lag was negligible. Current modelling frameworks for virtual clinical trials of breast DBT systems need to be adapted to account for signals from lag and variations in the MTF at wide angles.
Geo-registration of Video Sequences captured from mini UAVs - Approaches and Accuracy Assesment

The goal of this paper is to investigate and demonstrate the geo-registration of video streams, captured from mini UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) platforms, to a virtual globe environment. The category of mini UAVs encompasses platforms with a total weight of less than 30 kilograms which are generally equipped with flight control systems. Due to weight limitations such mini UAVs use low weight and consequently low quality INS and GPS sensors in the determination of platform position and attitude. The challenge is to achieve optimum geo-referencing accuracy and reliability for onboard video sequences by using the position and attitude information of the flight control system. The idea is to support this geo-referencing process with the additional use of geometric and semantic information from a virtual globe environment. In this paper a detailed geo-referencing accuracy investigation is presented, in which the direct geo-referencing approach based on the INS/GPS solution is compared with an integrated geo-referencing approach which additionally incorporates information from a streamable 3D landscape model provided by a virtual globe. Possible applications of such integrated systems include the real-time mobile mapping or tracking of arbitrary objects or various augmented reality applications.
Efficient Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Point Electron Sources by Dielectrophoresis

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Decentralized controller reconfiguration strategies for hybrid system dynamics based on product-intelligence

In the area of product-based control of manufacturing processes, the potential to integrate intelligent products in process control has been recognized several times. However, the effect of greatly varying intelligent products on the control and hybrid system dynamics of the individual (sub-) processes have not been investigated. This article begins with a definition of product-intelligence and a distributed data and interface model. Based on this, a decentralized hybrid reconfiguration structure with different intelligence-based reconfiguration strategies as a function of varying product properties is presented, using the example of a conveyor belt system. Through the implementation on a industrial controller, it has been shown that the concept represents a further module in the realization of cyber-physical systems through comprehensive analysis and synthesis of a highly flexible hybrid control loop.
Implementing and evaluating jukebox schedulers using JukeTools

Scheduling jukebox resources is important to build efficient and flexible hierarchical storage systems. JukeTools is a toolbox that helps in the complex tasks of implementing and evaluating jukebox schedulers. It allows the fast development of jukebox schedulers. The schedulers can be tested in numerous environments, both real and simulated types. JukeTools helps the developer to easily detect errors in the schedules. Analyzer tools create detailed reports on the behavior and performance of any of the scheduler, and provide comparisons between different schedulers. This paper describes the functionality offered by JukeTools, with special emphasis on how the toolbox can be used to develop jukebox schedulers.
Weld Strength Optimization by using Box-Behnken Design

The gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process is generally for fusion welding of stainless steel, magnesium alloys, nickel base alloys, carbon steel and low alloy steels. The project deals with the similar welding of austenitic stainless steel 3mm sheet metal. There are several process parameters namely arc voltage, gas flow rate, torch distance, current, welding speed to used, to determine the quality of weld strength. Among the following process parameter the arc voltage, gas flow rate and welding speed for the purpose of analysis. The seventeen experiments were conducted as per box-behnken design for gas tungsten arc welding the process of austenitic stainless steel 3mm sheet and the results are tabulated for the response surface of tensile strength. Response surface methodology is utilized to develop an effective mathematical model to predict weld strength. A comparison study is made for tabulated values and experimental values for tensile strength by using analysis of variance. The model found statistically fit for 95% confidence level. It’s observed that the tensile strength occurs at higher voltage, higher gas flow rate and at lower welding speed. Key wordsTIG welding, Sheet metal, Tensile Strength, RSM, ANOVA.
A Framework for Building Privacy-Conscious Composite Web Services

The rapid growth of Web applications has prompted increasing interest in the area of composite Web services that involve several service providers. The potential for such composite Web services can be realized only if consumer privacy concerns are satisfactorily addressed. In this paper, we propose a framework that addresses consumer privacy concerns in the context of highly customizable composite Web services. Our approach involves service producers exchanging their terms-of-use with consumers in the form of "models". Our framework provides automated techniques for checking these models at the consumer site for compliance of consumer privacy policies. In the event of a policy violation, our framework supports automatic generation of "obligations" that the consumer generates for the composite service. These obligations are automatically enforced through a dynamic program analysis approach on the Web service composition code. We illustrate our approach with the implementation of two example services
Body checking and its avoidance in eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE One expression of the core psychopathology of eating disorders is the repeated checking and avoidance of shape or weight. Two studies are reported. The primary purpose of the first was to describe the phenomenology of such body checking and avoidance. The aim of the second was to compare body checking and avoidance in women with and without a clinical eating disorder. METHOD In Study 1, 64 female patients with clinical eating disorders participated in a semistructured interview assessing the features of body checking and avoidance. In the second study, a self-report questionnaire was used to compare body checking and avoidance in women with and without a clinical eating disorder (n = 110). RESULTS The majority (92%) of the patients in Study 1 checked their bodies to assess their shape or weight and this was associated significantly with eating disorder symptoms. In Study 2, the clinical group had significantly more body checking and avoidance than the comparison group, and there was a strong association between eating disorder psychopathology and body checking and avoidance. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the view that body checking and avoidance are direct expressions of the overevaluation of shape and weight. Further work is needed to determine whether these expressions contribute to the maintenance of eating disorders.
An improved chaotic hybrid differential evolution for the short-term hydrothermal scheduling problem considering practical constraints

Short-term hydrothermal scheduling (STHTS) is a non-linear and complex optimization problem with a set of operational hydraulic and thermal constraints. Earlier, this problem has been addressed by several classical techniques; however, due to limitations such as non-linearity and non-convexity in cost curves, artificial intelligence tools based techniques are being used to solve the STHTS problem. In this paper an improved chaotic hybrid differential evolution (ICHDE) algorithm is proposed to find an optimal solution to this problem taking into account practical constraints. A self-adjusted parameter setting is obtained in differential evolution (DE) with the application of chaos theory, and a chaotic hybridized local search mechanism is embedded in DE to effectively prevent it from premature convergence. Furthermore, heuristic constraint handling techniques without any penalty factor setting are adopted to handle the complex hydraulic and thermal constraints. The superiority and effectiveness of the developed methodology are evaluated by its application in two illustrated hydrothermal test systems taken from the literature. The transmission line losses, prohibited discharge zones of hydel plants, and ramp rate limits of thermal plants are also taken into account. The simulation results reveal that the proposed technique is competent to produce an encouraging solution as compared with other recently established evolutionary approaches.
Self-Maintainability of Relational Algebra Operators

The topic of data warehousing has attracted considerable attention, both from industrial and research perspectives, because of its importance in providing support for sophisticated decision analysis. In a data warehouse, the contents can be viewed as a set of views materialized from sources which are typically remote and heterogeneous. In order to keep the contents of a data warehouse consistent, the materialized views in it have to be updated in response to changes in the source data (this process is referred to as view maintenance). Because the source data for the materialized views are often remote and diicult to access, the concept of self-maintainable has been identiied as a key concept in data warehousing and view maintenance. Essentially, a view is self-maintainable if it can be maintained without accessing the source data. In this paper we investigate the self-maintainability of views deened by each of the standard relational algebra operators. For each operator, we derive necessary and suucient conditions for a view deened by the operator to be self-maintainable. Also, unlike much previous work in the area, we assume that the contents of a view are available to assist in determining self-maintainability. As a result, we show that a wider class of views can be detected as being self-maintainable using the view contents than is possible without it.
Tailoring the Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotube–Polymer Composites

Advances in functionality and reliability of nanocomposite materials require careful formulation of processing methods to ultimately realize the desired properties. An extensive study of how the variation in fabrication process would affect the mechanism of conductivity and thus the final electrical properties of the carbon nanotube–polymer composite is presented. Some of the most widely implemented procedures are addressed, such as ultrasonication, melt shear mixing, and addition of surfactants. It is hoped that this study could provide a systematic guide to selecting and designing the downstream processing of carbon nanocomposites. Finally, this guide is used to demonstrate the fabrication and performance of a stretchable (pliable) conductor that can reversibly undergo uniaxial strain of over 100%, and other key applications are discussed.
Crossing the Chasm or Being Crossed Out: The Case of Digital Audio Players

The aim of this article is to study the phenomenon of chasm that often exists in the diffusion of innovation and to devise a theoretical framework enabling to explain the ability of some firms to cross this chasm, while many others remain unsuccessful. The proposition developed in this article is that the choice of initial market segment has crucial importance as adoption in this segment can lead to a cascade of adoption in the other segments. To illustrate this proposition, three cases studies of an historical leader (Sony), a first mover (Archos) and a newcomer (Apple) in the market for digital audio players are presented.
Circadian variation in serum CrossLaps concentration is reduced in fasting individuals.

Accurate assessment of bone resorption may be of significant value for selecting women for antiresorptive therapy, monitoring of therapeutic response in treated individuals, and predicting fracture risk (1). This goal may be facilitated by measurement of biochemical markers of bone metabolism. The Serum CrossLapsTM One Step ELISA measures fragments derived from the C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I. This assay has been shown to provide a sensitive and specific index of bone resorption (2)(3). An important issue for the use of biochemical markers is biological variability. This has been reported to be relatively high for specific markers of bone resorption. A recent letter by Wichers et al. (4) reports on the circadian variation in serum CrossLaps …
Effect of Background Liver Cirrhosis on Outcomes of Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Importance Background hepatocarcinogenesis is considered a major cause of postoperative recurrence of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). The degree of underlying liver injury has reportedly correlated with surgical outcomes of HCC. However, the pattern and annual rate of recurrence of postoperative de novo HCC are still unclear. Objective To clarify the pattern and rate of recurrence of de novo HCC in patients with LC. Design, Setting, and Participants Data from 799 patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for HCC at Toranomon Hospital and The Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2014, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Of the patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for HCC, 424 met inclusion criteria: 73 with normal liver (NL) and 351 with LC. Sixty-four patients who had histologically proven NL parenchyma were matched with an equal number of patients who had established LC, and postoperative outcomes were compared. Interventions Hepatectomy in patients with HCC. Main Outcomes and Measures Patterns of recurrence of HCC and chronological changes in recurrence rates. Results Among 128 matched patients in the study (mean [SD] age, 64.0 [12.7] years; 93 men and 35 women) 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative recurrence was 17.2%, 23.0%, and 37.5%, respectively, in the NL group vs 25.0%, 55.5%, and 72.1%, respectively, in the LC group (P = .001). The 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival was 85.7% and 75.4%, respectively, in the NL group vs 74.9% and 59.1%, respectively, in the LC group (P = .04). The median annual incidence of postoperative recurrence of HCC within 5 years after surgery was lower in the NL group (5.9%) compared with the LC group (12.7%) (P = .003). Assessment of recurrence patterns revealed that multiple recurrences near the resection margin or at extrahepatic sites were more frequent in the NL group (9 [50.0%] vs 6 [15.4%]; P = .01), whereas solitary recurrence at a distant site was more common in the LC group (21 [53.8%] vs 1 [5.6%]; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance Comparison of the patterns and annual incidence of recurrence of HCC demonstrated that the poorer prognosis in the LC group was likely owing to a higher hepatocarcinogenic potential among patients with cirrhosis. Annual recurrence rates in the 2 groups indicate that de novo recurrence may continuously occur from the early postoperative period until the late period after resection of HCC.
Beam control and manipulation in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

This paper reviews novel techniques which are used to modify the properties of the optical beam generated by vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes. The main emphasis within the paper concerns the use of etches applied to the device surface either adjacent to or across its optical aperture. Such etches can be used to modify facet reflectivities sufficiently to pin the optical mode precisely and reduce the onset of higher order modes. In addition, single polarization operation is achieved by using deeper etches placed outside the light emitting region. Using this technique, previously multimode components may be transformed to single mode components with precisely fixed polarization states. The effect of these etches on other lasing properties such as spectral performance and power efficiency is also discussed.
Multicast operation of the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol

An ad-hoc network is the cooperative engagement of a collection of (typically wireless) mobile nodes without the required intervention of any centralized access point or existing infrastructure. To provide optimal communication ability, a routing protocol for such a dynamic self-starting network must be capable of unicast, broadcast, and multicast. In this paper we extend Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), an algorithm for the operation of such ad-hoc networks, to offer novel multicast capabilities which follow naturally from the way AODV establishes unicast routes. AODV builds multicast trees as needed (i.e., on-demand) to connect multicast group members. Control of the multicast tree is distributed so that there is no single point of failure. AODV provides loop-free routes for both unicast and multicast, even while repairing broken links. We include an evaluation methodology and simulation results to validate the correct and efficient operation of the AODV algorithm.