Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ZnO gas sensor for testing vinegar acid concentrations

A ZnO gas sensor was successfully prepared by RF sputtering. The maximum sensitivity of the sensor for vinegar test application was at 400oC. The ZnO based sensor showed good sensitivity for vinegar test in the concentration range of 4% to 9%. The work reveals the ability of using ZnO gas sensor to determine the acid concentrations of the vinegars for food requirements.
Mitral cell‐to‐glomerulus connectivity: An HRP study of the orientation of mitral cell apical dendrites

It has been suggested that the principal output cells of the main olfactory bulb, the mitral cells, along with the glomerulus they enter, form an anatomical and functional column. To test the extent to which mitral cell somata lying close together in the mitral cell layer are connected to the same glomerulus, we reconstructed 267 mitral cells labeled by extracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the external plexiform layer.
Secretion of pro‐apoptotic intron 4‐retaining soluble HLA‐G1 by human villous trophoblast

One major materno‐fetal interface in the human placenta is constituted by the syncytiotrophoblast, in contact with maternal blood of the intervillous space, which derives from differentiation and fusion of the villous cytotrophoblast (vct). In the present work, we purified vct from term placenta by depleting HLA class I‐ and class II‐positive cells. We found by RT‐PCR that both soluble intron 4‐retaining HLA‐G1 (sHLA‐G1) and HLA‐G2 isoforms were transcribed in purified vct. Using different HLA‐G‐specific mAb, we demonstrated by intracellular flow cytometry, Western blotting and ELISA, that sHLA‐G1 but no soluble HLA class Ia molecule was secreted by vct. We then purified sHLA‐G1 from vct culture supernatant and found that it exhibited an unusual glycosylation pattern. Finally, we showed that such trophoblast‐derived sHLA‐G1 triggered specific apoptosis of activated CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that vct did secrete functional sHLA‐G1 in primary culture and suggested that, in vivo, sHLA‐G1 might be an important immunomodulatory molecule controlling the activity of maternal immune effector CD8+ cells circulating in the blood that immerses chorionic villi.
ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЗМІВ У ТРИЛОГІЇ ВСЕВОЛОДА НЕСТАЙКА «ТОРЕАДОРИ З ВАСЮКІВКИ»

Упропонованій статті автор робить спробу скласифікувати фразеологічні одиниці, ужиті в трилогії В. Нестайка «Тореадори з Васюківки», визначає способи трансформації використаних прозаїком узуальних фразеологізмів, а також формулює висновки щодо функціонально-стилістичного навантаження представлених у творі фразеологічних одиниць. Ключові слова: фразеологічна одиниця, узуальний фразеологізм, трансформація. В рассматриваемой статье автор предпринимает попытку классифицировать фразеологические единицы, употребленные в трилогии В. Нестайко «Тореадори з Васюківки», определяет способы трансформации использованных прозаиком узуальных фразеологизмов, а также формулирует выводы о функционально-стилистической роли представленных в произведении фразеологических единиц. Ключевые слова: фразеологическая единица, узуальный фразеологизм, трансформация. In the article the author makes an attempt to classify phraseological units used in V. Nestaiko’s trilogy “Toreadors from Vasyukivka”, defines writer’s methods of transformation of phraseologisms; formulates conclusions concerning functional and stylistic roles of phraseological units represented in the book. Keywords: phraseological unit, usual phraseologism, transformation.
Using Relational Algebra on the Specification of Real World ETL Processes

Modeling Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) processes of a Data Warehousing System has always been a challenge. The heterogeneity of the sources, the quality of the data obtained and the conciliation process are some of the issues that must be addressed in the design phase of this critical component. Commercial ETL tools often provide proprietary diagrammatic components and modeling languages that are not standard, thus not providing the ideal separation between a modeling platform and an execution platform. This separation in conjunction with the use of standard notations and languages is critical in a system that tends to evolve through time and which cannot be undermined by a normally expensive tool that becomes an unsatisfactory component. In this paper we demonstrate the application of Relational Algebra as a modeling language of an ETL system as an effort to standardize operations and provide a basis for uncommon ETL execution platforms.
The role of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cancer stem cells in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and treatment failure

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, survival of HNSCC remains unchanged over the last 30 years with treatment failure and metastases being the strongest indicators of poor outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified in multiple other solid tumors, including breast, prostate, and pancreatic carcinoma. Recently, a subpopulation of tumor cells has been identified in HNSCC based on the overexpression of the cellular marker CD44 and increased activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase. These cells have been designated CSC based on their stem cell-like properties: self-renewal, tumorigenesis, and the ability to recapitulate a heterogeneous tumor. Recent work looking at the role of HNSCC CSC in tumorigenesis has shown that CSC have a greater capacity for tumor growth, increased motility, and invasive characteristics; in vivo experiments confirm greater metastatic potential in CSC compared to non-CSC. Clinically, CSC enrichment has been shown to be enhanced in recurrent disease, treatment failure, and metastasis. CSC represent a novel target of study given their slow growth and innate mechanisms conferring treatment resistance. Further understanding of their unique phenotype may reveal potential molecular targets to improve therapeutic and survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC.
Leptin Stimulates Both JAK2-dependent and JAK2-independent Signaling Pathways*

Leptin controls body weight by activating the long form of the leptin receptor (LEPRb). Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is associated with LEPRb and autophosphorylates in response to leptin. JAK2 also phosphorylates LEPRb, STAT3, and multiple other downstream molecules. Surprisingly, here we show that JAK2 is not required for leptin stimulation of STAT3 phosphorylation. Leptin time- and dose-dependently stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in both human and mouse JAK2-null cells. Leptin also increased the viability of JAK2-null cells. Overexpression of c-Src or Fyn, two Src family members, promoted STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas inhibition of the endogenous Src family members by either pharmacological inhibitors or dominant negative Src(K298M) decreased the ability of leptin to stimulate the phosphorylation of STAT3 and ERK1/2. Leptin also stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of kinase-inactive JAK2(K882E) in JAK2-null cells. Overexpression of JAK2(K882E) enhanced the ability of leptin to stimulate STAT3 phosphorylation in JAK2-null cells. Tyr1138 in LEPRb was required for leptin-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3 but not JAK2(K882E). These data suggest that leptin stimulates non-JAK2 tyrosine kinase(s), including the Src family members, which phosphorylate JAK2, STAT3, and other molecules downstream of LEPRb. JAK2 mediates leptin signaling by both phosphorylating its substrates and forming a signaling complex as a scaffolding/adaptor protein. The non-JAK2 kinase(s) and JAK2 may act coordinately and synergistically to mediate leptin response.
The Spleen Responds to Intestinal Manipulation but Does Not Participate in the Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model of Postoperative Ileus

Background Postoperative ileus is characterized by a transient impairment of the gastrointestinal motility after abdominal surgery. The intestinal inflammation, triggered by handling of the intestine, is the main factor responsible for the prolonged dysmotility of the gastrointestinal tract. Secondary lymphoid organs of the intestine were identified as essential components in the dissemination of inflammation to the entire gastrointestinal tract also called field effect. The involvement of the spleen, however, remains unclear. Aim In this study, we investigated whether the spleen responds to manipulation of the intestine and participates in the intestinal inflammation underlying postoperative ileus. Methods Mice underwent Laparotomy (L) or Laparotomy followed by Intestinal Manipulation (IM). Twenty-four hours later, intestinal and colonic inflammation was assessed by QPCR and measurement of the intestinal transit was performed. Analysis of homeostatic chemokines in the spleen was performed by QPCR and splenic cell populations analysed by Flow Cytometry. Blockade of the egress of cells from the spleen was performed by administration of the Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist CYM-5442 10 h after L/IM. Results A significant decrease in splenic weight and cellularity was observed in IM mice 24 h post-surgery, a phenomenon associated with a decreased splenic expression level of the homeostatic chemokine CCL19. Splenic denervation restored the expression of CCL19 and partially prevented the reduction of splenocytes in IM mice. Treatment with CYM-5442 prevented the egress of splenocytes but did not ameliorate the intestinal inflammation underlying postoperative ileus. Conclusions Intestinal manipulation results in two distinct phenomena: local intestinal inflammation and a decrease in splenic cellularity. The splenic response relies on an alteration of cell trafficking in the spleen and is partially regulated by the splenic nerve. The spleen however does not participate in the intestinal inflammation during POI.
New Labour, Modernisation and the Medical Labour Process

The label ‘modernisation’, originally coined to signify reform within the Labour Party, has since 1997 increasingly been used as a descriptor of various facets of public policy. This paper addresses three questions, all in the context of health policy. What (if anything) is the impact of the notion of modernisation on NHS medical labour process, what is its substantive content, and how might we explain its rise to prominence? On the first question, I suggest that a model of medicine (which I term ‘scientific-bureaucratic medicine’) is being developed that embodies many of the specific characteristics of Fordist labour processes. On the second question, I suggest that ‘modernisation’ denotes a philosophy towards the governance of the NHS which entails the distinctive characteristics of the project which social theorists have termed ‘modernity’. The third question has particular significance in a social context (variously termed ‘late modernity’ or ‘postmodernity’) generally thought of as characterised by trends towards postFordist labour processes. I tentatively suggest that scientific-bureaucratic medicine can be viewed as the state's (not necessarily successful) strategy for coping with radical consumerism and changing perceptions of risk and expertise in the context of health and medicine.
A modern isotope record of changes in water and carbon budgets in a groundwater‐fed lake: Blue Lake, South Australia

Groundwater is often a major component of lake water and chemical balances. Alteration in catchment subsurface water balances through land‐use change and pumping can affect lake biogeochemical cycles through changes in groundwater flow rates. We present a modern (~200 yr) sediment isotope record ( δ18Ocarb, δ13Ccarb, and δ13Corg) of changes to the water and carbon budget of Blue Lake, which is situated in karstic limestone in South Australia and is mostly fed by groundwater. The 3.5‰ decrease in δ18Ocarb and δ13Ccarb deposited in lake sediments since ~1850 reflects higher rates of groundwater through‐flow due to rainfall variability, land‐use change, and increased rates of pumping over the past 40 yr. Calculated water residence times, based on the isotopic data, were 23 ± 2 yr before 1850 and decreased by the late twentieth century to 8 ± 2 yr. Concomitant dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) residence times were 3.8 and 2.2 yr, respectively. Although burial rates of CaCO3 have increased by about threefold over the past 40 yr, there is no evidence that substantial changes in organic carbon deposition has occurred. The shorter DIC residence time is largely due to increased input and higher CO2 evasion rates. About 88% of Ccarb and ~96% of Corg generated within the water column is remineralized, but the isotopic composition is essentially unaltered in the sediments. The measured variations in δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg of sediments are thought to reflect changes to DIC residence time and increased CO2(aq) concentrations rather than changes in lake productivity.
Toolkit: GNU Tools: Still Relevant?

FSF was founded in 1984 by Richard Stallman. Then a programmer at MIT’s Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stallman resigned to protest its restrictive copyright policy. He started the GNU (GNU’s Not Unix) Project, an effort to build a free Unix clone, and wrote the GNU (General Public License), which essentially said you could redistribute GNU code for free as long as you also gave away any modification you added—and the free software movement was on its way.
MECHANISM OF THOUGHT

A fast winners-take-all competition process, termed confabulation, is proposed as the fundamental mechanism of all aspects of cognition (vision, hearing, planning, language, initiation of thought and movement, etc.). Multiple, contemporaneous, mutually interacting confabulations -in which millions of items of relevant knowledge are applied in parallel -are typically employed in thinking. At the beginning of such a multiconfabulation, billions of distinct, potentially viable, conclusion sets are considered. At the end, only one remains. This fast, massively parallel application of relevant knowledge (an alien kind of information processing with no analogue in today's computational intelligence, computational neurobiology, or computer science) is hypothesized to be the core explanation for the information processing effectiveness of thought. This paper presents a synopsis of this confabulation theory of human cortical and thalamic function.
Hierarchical regulation of the NikR-mediated nickel response in Helicobacter pylori

Nickel is an essential metal for Helicobacter pylori, as it is the co-factor of two enzymes crucial for colonization, urease and hydrogenase. Nickel is taken up by specific transporters and its intracellular homeostasis depends on nickel-binding proteins to avoid toxicity. Nickel trafficking is controlled by the Ni(II)-dependent transcriptional regulator NikR. In contrast to other NikR proteins, NikR from H. pylori is a pleiotropic regulator that depending on the target gene acts as an activator or a repressor. We systematically quantified the in vivo Ni2+-NikR response of 11 direct NikR targets that encode functions related to nickel metabolism, four activated and seven repressed genes. Among these, four targets were characterized for the first time (hpn, hpn-like, hydA and hspA) and NikR binding to their promoter regions was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We found that NikR-dependent repression was generally set up at higher nickel concentrations than activation. Kinetics of the regulation revealed a gradual and temporal NikR-mediated response to nickel where activation of nickel-protection mechanisms takes place before repression of nickel uptake. Our in vivo study demonstrates, for the first time, a chronological hierarchy in the NikR-dependent transcriptional response to nickel that is coherent with the control of nickel homeostasis in H. pylori.
Identification of minor histocompatibility antigens based on the 1000 Genomes Project

Minor histocompatibility antigens are highly immunogeneic polymorphic peptides playing crucial roles in the clinical outcome of HLA-identical allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Although the introduction of genome-wide association-based strategies significantly has accelerated the identification of minor histocompatibility antigens over the past years, more efficient, rapid and robust identification techniques are required for a better understanding of the immunobiology of minor histocompatibility antigens and for their optimal clinical application in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. To develop a strategy that can overcome the drawbacks of all earlier strategies, we now integrated our previously developed genetic correlation analysis methodology with the comprehensive genomic databases from the 1000 Genomes Project. We show that the data set of the 1000 Genomes Project is suitable to identify all of the previously known minor histocompatibility antigens. Moreover, we demonstrate the power of this novel approach by the identification of the new HLA-DP4 restricted minor histocompatibility antigen UTDP4-1, which despite extensive efforts could not be identified using any of the previously developed biochemical, molecular biological or genetic strategies. The 1000 Genomes Project-based identification of minor histocompatibility antigens thus represents a very convenient and robust method for the identification of new targets for cancer therapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Retardation of Pancreatic Regeneration After Partial Pancreatectomy in a Strain of Rats Without CCK‐A Receptor Gene Expression

This study extends a recent observation that Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats show no expression of the cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor gene in the pancreas because of a genetic abnormality. We compared the changes in pancreatic regeneration in terms of wet weight and protein and DNA contents after partial pancreatectomy (30% resection) in OLETF and control (Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka; LETO) rats and examined whether the CCK-B receptor has a role in pancreatic regeneration after pancreatectomy. The pancreatic wet weight increased significantly with age in both OLETF and LETO rats regardless of surgical procedure, but the increase with respect to time was significantly less in OLETF than in LETO rats. The protein and DNA concentrations in the pancreas (mg/g wet tissue) were comparable for both strains after sham operation. However, they were significantly lower than pancreatectomy in OLETF rats compared to those after sham operation, whereas they were comparable in LETO rats regardless of surgical procedure. The ratio of protein content/DNA content (cell size) was significantly lower in OLETF than LETO rats under all conditions. CCK-B receptor gene expression was not enhanced after pancreatectomy. In conclusion, the CCK-A receptor is not an absolute requirement for pancreatic normal growth but is important for pancreatic regeneration.
geneGIS: Geoanalytical Tools and Arc Marine Customization for Individual‐Based Genetic Records

To improve understanding of population structure, ecosystem relationships and predictive models of human impact in cetaceans and other marine megafauna, we developed geneGIS, a suite of GIS tools and a customized Arc Marine data model to facilitate visual exploration and spatial analyses of individual‐based records from DNA profiles and photo‐identification records. We used the open source programming language Python 2.7 and ArcGIS 10.1 software to create a user‐friendly, menu‐driven toolbar linked to a Python Toolbox containing customized geoprocessing scripts. For ease of sharing and installation, we compiled the geneGIS program into an ArcGIS Python Add‐In, freely available for download from the website http://genegis.org. We used the Lord‐Castillo et al. (2009) Arc Marine data model customization as the starting point for our work and retained nine key base Arc Marine classes. We demonstrate the utility of geneGIS using an integrated database of more than 18,000 records of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the North Pacific collected during the Structure of Populations, Levels of Abundance and Status of Humpback Whales in the North Pacific (SPLASH) program. These records represent more than 8,000 naturally marked individuals and 2,700 associated DNA profiles, including 10 biparentally inherited microsatellite loci, maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA, and genetic sex.
Apelin and its receptor APJ in human aortic valve stenosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is an actively regulated pathobiological process that shows some hallmarks of atherosclerosis. Apelin and its receptor, APJ, are highly expressed in the heart, and the proposed effects of the apelin-APJ system are opposite to those of the angiotensin II-AT1-receptor pathway. The role of the apelin-APJ signaling pathway in calcified aortic valve disease is unknown. METHODS The study involved the characterization and comparison of expression of apelin and APJ as well as angiotensin II receptors (AT1 and AT2) in the aortic valves of patients with normal valves (n = 6), aortic regurgitation (n = 9 AR), regurgitation and fibrosis/mild sclerosis (n = 14), and AS (n = 25). RESULTS By employing the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the gene expression of apelin (3.63-fold, p = 0.001) and the APJ receptor (2.70-fold, p = 0.01) were shown to be significantly up-regulated in stenotic valves when compared to controls. In addition, APJ receptor mRNA levels were higher (2.9-fold, p = 0.010) in the AR + sclerosis group when compared to controls. Using immunohistochemistry, apelin was shown to be localized in stenotic aortic valves to the valvular endothelial layer of the aortic valve, to vascular endothelial cells in neovessels, and to fibroblasts and macrophages adjacent to vessels in the stromal area. AT2-receptor mRNA levels were 90% (p < 0.001) lower in stenotic valves. In contrast, the gene expression of AT1-receptors did not differ significantly among the groups. CONCLUSION Aortic valve stenosis is characterized by an up-regulation of the apelin-APJ signaling pathway, revealing a possible novel target for drug discovery in calcified aortic valve disease by suppressing chemotaxis, angiogenesis and osteoblast activity, all of which are well-documented phenomena in the disease process.
Methodology in the fold and the irruption of transgressive data

In this essay the author identifies transgressive data- emotional data, dream data, sensual data, and response data- that are out-of-category and not usually accounted for in qualitative research methodology. She also attempts to identify the methods that produced those data. In addition, she suggests that if data are the foundation on which knowledge rests, it is important to trouble the common-sense understanding of that signifier in postfoundational research that aims to produce di erent knowledge and to produce knowledge di erently. By using poststructural critiques and Deleuze's image of the fold, the author was able to think about data di erently in her study of the construction of subjectivityin the older, white, southern women of her hometown. Furthermore, her identification of transgressive data in this study suggests that other studies may also yield transgressive data that might shift the epistemologies that define the possibilities of qualitative research in education.