Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agenda-Setting and Priming in Prime Time Television: Crime Dramas as Political Cues

The effects of agenda-setting and priming are well established in regard to the news media. Considerably less attention has been paid to these phenomena in entertainment media, in spite of the fact that entertainment media enjoy larger audiences than do news media and often address political topics. This article argues that the psychological mechanism hypothesized to lead to agenda-setting and priming effectsthat is, changes in construct accessibilityapplies as equally to entertainment media as it does to news media. Moreover, we contend that the frequency, consistency, and duration of entertainment media treatments of political issues encourage chronic accessibility of those issues. We test these hypotheses looking at television crime dramas as a source of political information. Using data from two controlled laboratory experiments and the 1995 National Election Study Pilot Study, we demonstrate that viewing crime dramas significantly increases concerns about crime and that these concerns significantly affect viewers' opinions of the president. The NES Pilot Study data suggest that these effects are restricted to frequent viewers of crime dramas, supporting a chronic accessibility model of agenda-setting and priming. These findings extend our growing understanding of how non-news sources of political information contribute to the construction of political attitudes.
Antivirals for the treatment and prevention of epidemic and pandemic influenza

Influenza is a highly contagious and debilitating disease that imposes an excess burden of complications and mortality. Antiviral therapy is the primary intervention for treatment and post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of influenza. Amantadine and rimantadine are members of the M2 class of antiviral agents and are moderately effective in influenza management. However, their utility is compromised by high levels of resistance, tolerability concerns and a lack of efficacy against influenza B. An alternative class of agents, the neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs), represent the most advanced form of antiviral therapy available, and act by specifically inhibiting the neuraminidase enzymes that are present on all influenza subtypes. Two NIs, oseltamivir and zanamivir, are currently available for clinical use. Oseltamivir, the most widely used NI, is administered orally as a prodrug (oseltamivir carboxylate) and systemically distributed to all potential infection sites. Zanamivir, a second NI, is administered by inhalation via a disk inhaler and deposited primarily in the respiratory tract. When administered within 48 hours of symptom onset, both agents significantly reduce illness duration and symptom severity, and decrease the rate of influenza‐associated complications. With oseltamivir, greater benefits are detected with earlier treatment initiation (<12 hours). In PEP, both NIs effectively protect the close contacts of index cases from symptomatic influenza. Oseltamivir and zanamivir are generally well tolerated and associated with a low level of resistance. Emerging evidence supports the activity of both NIs against the H5N1avian influenza infection, which is a pandemic candidate. However, the WHO currently recommends the use of oseltamivir for the management of suspected cases, given the systemic nature of the H5N1 challenge. Ongoing studies are exploring the effectiveness of oseltamivir, zanamivir and other NIs for pandemic management.
Photonic reservoir computer with output feedback for chaotic time series prediction

Reservoir Computing is a bio-inspired computing paradigm for processing time dependent signals. It can be easily implemented in hardware. The performance of these analogue devices matches digital algorithms on a series of benchmark tasks. Their capacities could be extended by feeding the output signal back into the reservoir, which would allow them to be applied to various signal generation tasks. In practice, this requires a high-speed readout layer for real-time output computation. Here we achieve this by means of an FPGA chip, and demonstrate the first photonic reservoir computer with output feedback. We test our setup on the Mackey-Glass chaotic time series generation task and obtain interesting prediction horizons, comparable to numerical simulations, with ample room for further improvement. Our work thus demonstrates the potential offered by the output feedback and opens a new area of novel applications for photonic reservoir computing.
The LPS O-Antigen in Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium Strains Is Dispensable for the Establishment of a Successful Symbiosis with Aeschynomene Legumes

The photosynthetic bradyrhizobia are able to use a Nod-factor independent process to induce nitrogen-fixing nodules on some semi-aquatic Aeschynomene species. These bacteria display a unique LPS O-antigen composed of a new sugar, the bradyrhizose that is regarded as a key symbiotic factor due to its non-immunogenic character. In this study, to check this hypothesis, we isolated mutants affected in the O-antigen synthesis by screening a transposon mutant library of the ORS285 strain for clones altered in colony morphology. Over the 10,000 mutants screened, five were selected and found to be mutated in two genes, rfaL, encoding for a putative O-antigen ligase and gdh encoding for a putative dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase. Biochemical analysis confirmed that the LPS of these mutants completely lack the O-antigen region. However, no effect of the mutations could be detected on the symbiotic properties of the mutants indicating that the O-antigen region of photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium strains is not required for the establishment of symbiosis with Aeschynomene.
A Compassion Focused Approach to Anxiety Disorders

All animals need processing systems that enable them to detect danger and then rapidly take defensive actions to cope and/or avoid them. Anxiety is an evolved mechanism that facilitates such protective and defensive strategies and thus is part of a normal, highly evolved system for threat detection and defence.Problematic forms of anxiety can occur when evolved mechanisms are triggered inappropriately, too intensively, or last too long. The reasons for anxiety becoming “problematic” have been attributed to a complex interaction between genetics, environmental factors, and personal appraisals. This article will explore anxiety difficulties from the compassion-focused theoretical position which argues that the regulation of anxiety occurs both within and outside of the threat system. In particular the system that evolved for attachment processes can be a major regulator of threat processing. Thus anxiety disorders may represent problems in different systems other than the threat system (e.g., soothing syste.
Direct Test of Potential Roles of EIIIA and EIIIB Alternatively Spliced Segments of Fibronectin in Physiological and Tumor Angiogenesis

ABSTRACT Fibronectin splice variants containing the EIIIA and/or EIIIB exons are prominently expressed in the vasculature of a variety of human tumors but not in normal adult tissues. To understand the functions of these splice variants in physiological and tumor angiogenesis, we used EIIIB-null and EIIIA-null strains of mice to examine neovascularization of mouse retinas, pancreatic tumors in Rip-Tag transgenic mice, and transplanted melanomas. Contrary to expectations, physiological and tumor angiogenesis was not significantly affected by the absence of either EIIIA or EIIIB splice variants. Tumor growth was also not affected. In addition, the expression levels of smooth muscle alpha actin, believed to be modulated by EIIIA-containing fibronectins, were not affected either. Our experiments show that despite their tight regulation during angiogenesis, the presence of EIIIA or EIIIB splice variants individually is not essential for neovascularization.
It takes (more than) two to tango: informal tango market dynamics in Barcelona

Purpose – This paper aims to address the tango market as a social institution by building on the notion of “globalization from below” as well as social capital theory to understand the market's dynamics as a part of the Barcelona grey economy and as one that supports immigration settlement and integration. Design/methodology/approach – The authors began with participant observation that helped the authors to capture the essence of the market, to observe the behaviours of the participants and then to interview different actors. For more than a year (October 2011-December 2012), the authors frequented various tango dancing floors and also attended different tango classes. The authors concentrated the interviews during the first quarter of 2013 (January-March). The authors conducted 15 recorded interviews with distinct categories of supplier to the tango market. Findings – The authors demonstrate how the resulting social exclusion is the raison d'etre of globalization from below, through a cross-cultural sym.
Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis Based on DE OS-ELM

Extreme Learning Machine has the quality of fast learning speed, good generalization performance, and high diagnostic accuracy. For analog circuit fault diagnosis and health management (PHM) applications, this paper presents the method of online sequential learning machine with differential evolution algorithm to optimize Extreme Learning Machine and improve the diagnostic accuracy and generalization performance effectively.
Evaluation and management of occupational low back disorders.

This clinical practice review of occupational low back disorders describes work-related risk factors, occupational history, physical evaluation, clinical tests, diagnosis, care, and prevention. It is part of a quality assurance (QA) and quality improvement (QI) effort to establish exemplary occupational practice standards. It emphasizes the involvement of occupational medicine physicians in exposure assessment, care of injured workers, and disease prevention. Important occupational risk factors such as lifting, awkward body posture and vibration, in addition to psychosocial, socio-economic and other factors are summarized. The focus is on mechanical back disorders. Return-to-work, rehabilitation and prevention strategies are discussed as part of integrated disability management involving the injured worker, the primary care provider, employers and other relevant parties.
Micromachined acceleration switch with bi-directionally tunable threshold

A micromachined acceleration switch capable of adjusting the threshold acceleration to either higher or lower levels is firstly proposed. Comb drive actuators are used for the realization of threshold tuning. The acceleration switch is successfully fabricated using a silicon-on-glass process. The resonant frequency of the acceleration switch is measured to be 1.036 kHz, and the switch is turned on at 11 g without tuning voltage. It takes 9.7 ms for the switch to turn on, and the threshold acceleration is successfully increased to 19 g and decreased to 3 g by applying 30 V to pulling or pushing comb, respectively.
CMOS image sensor based physical unclonable function for smart phone security applications

Recent years have seen the rapid growing market of smart phones. At the same time, pirated, knockoff or refurnished phones have also flooded into the worldwide market and inflicted great loss on the mobile phone industry. Existing anti-counterfeiting, authentification and identification methods, which rely on the verification of the IDs stored in the phone memory, are vulnerable to attack. This paper presents a new CMOS image sensor based physical unclonable function (PUF) for smart phone identification and anti-counterfeiting. The proposed PUF exploits the intrinsic imperfection during the image sensor manufacturing process to generate the unique signatures. With the proposed differential readout algorithm for the pixels of the fixed pattern noise, the effects of power supply and temperature variations are suppressed. Simulations on a typical 3-T CMOS image sensor in GF 65nm CMOS technology show that the proposed PUF can generate robust and reliable challenge-response pairs with an uniqueness of 50.12% and a reliability of 100% at temperature varying from 0°C to 100°C and supply voltage variation of ±16.7%.
Unitary beamforming techniques enhancing VoIP call admittance capacity

Fourth Generation Networks will invariably adopt MIMO-OFDMA techniques, in order to cope with increased data rate demands and improved Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. OFDMA is a popular multiple access candidate, since it facilitates multi-user diversity by enabling two dimensional multiple access, in time and frequency domains. Random Beamforming enables exploitation of spatial multi-user diversity and spatial capacity multiplexing gain. Layered Random Beamforming is able to achieve further multiple access benefits by enabling different users to be scheduled on different spatial layers of the same time-frequency resource. This paper examines the QoS performance of SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO precoding schemes for a VoIP system under a realistic traffic and channel environment. A novel Link Adaptation algorithm operating under PER constraints for delay sensitive VoIP traffic that promises increased data rates, flexibility and improved QoS is proposed and examined in this paper.
Participatory Opportunity and Collective Action: A Critical Reflection on Brazil's Recent Experiments in Democracy

This paper explores the effects of government sanctioned citizen participation on collective action in Brazil's recent history. It begins by tracing the demands for direct citizen participation in government affairs that were being made by popular movements that emerged in the 1970s. From there, it outlines the emergence and features of two of the most important participatory institutions of the democratic era—Participatory Policy Councils and Participatory Budgets—and theorises, with the assistance of insights from political opportunity theory, how these might alter forms of collective action. It argues that together with the decentralisation of the state, an institutional landscape was created that, while providing the conditions for direct democracy, also encouraged localised, less radical forms of collective action.
Conditional NML Universal Models

The NML (normalized maximum likelihood) universal model has certain minmax optimal properties but it has two shortcomings: the normalizing coefficient can be evaluated in a closed form only for special model classes, and it does not define a random process so that it cannot be used for prediction. We present a universal conditional NML model, which has minmax optimal properties similar to those of the regular NML model. However, unlike NML, the conditional NML model defines a random process which can be used for prediction. It also admits a recursive evaluation for data compression. The conditional normalizing coefficient is much easier to evaluate, for instance, for tree machines than the integral of the square root of the Fisher information in the NML model. For Bernoulli distributions, the conditional NML model gives a predictive probability, which behaves like the Krichevsky-Trofimov predictive probability, actually slightly better for extremely skewed strings. For some model classes, it agrees with the predictive probability found earlier by Takimoto and Warmuth, as the solution to a different more restrictive minmax problem. We also calculate the CNML models for the generalized Gaussian regression models, and in particular for the cases where the loss function is quadratic, and show that the CNML model achieves asymptotic optimality in terms of the mean ideal code length. Moreover, the quadratic loss, which represents fitting errors as noise rather than prediction errors, can be shown to be smaller than what can be achieved with the NML as well as with the so-called plug-in or the predictive MDL model.
A Two-Dimensional Image Thresholding Method Based on Multiobjective Optimization

The segmentation method based on the optimization of only one criterion does not work well for a lot of images; even when equipped with the optimal value of the threshold of its single criterion, the segmentation program does not produce a satisfactory result. In this paper, image segmentation based on multiobjective optimization is presented. It combines 2-D maximum entropy and 2-D Otsu method using multiobjective programming theory so that optimal threshold value can not only satisfy the former but also meet the latter. Experimental results show the proposed approach can get competitive segmentation result.
The pathophysiology of bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is defined by permanent and abnormal widening of the bronchi. This process occurs in the context of chronic airway infection and inflammation. It is usually diagnosed using computed tomography scanning to visualize the larger bronchi. Bronchiectasis is also characterized by mild to moderate airflow obstruction. This review will describe the pathophysiology of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Studies have demonstrated that the small airways in bronchiectasis are obstructed from an inflammatory infiltrate in the wall. As most of the bronchial tree is composed of small airways, the net effect is obstruction. The bronchial wall is typically thickened by an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages which may form lymphoid follicles. It has recently been demonstrated that patients with bronchiectasis have a progressive decline in lung function. There are a large number of etiologic risk factors associated with bronchiectasis. As there is generally a long-term retrospective history, it may be difficult to determine the exact role of such factors in the pathogenesis. Extremes of age and smoking/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be important considerations. There are a variety of different pathogens involved in bronchiectasis, but a common finding despite the presence of purulent sputum is failure to identify any pathogenic microorganisms. The bacterial flora appears to change with progression of disease.
A meta-authoring tool for specifying interactions in virtual reality environments

When creating virtual reality environments a large amount of the interaction needs to be programmed. The problem with this is that non-computer expert users lack the programming skills necessary to create useful applications. Specifying interactions remains in the domain of the programmer. Creating a single, generic authoring tool for every different kind of application would be an impossible task -- more so if the authors are non-programmers. A more realistic solution to the problem would be to think of every environment as having a particular context such as a virtual museum or gallery. Creating authoring tools specific to these types of environment contexts greatly reduces the problem. We have produced a progressive meta-authoring system that allows both novice and advanced users to create useful virtual reality applications, allowing the smooth migration of novice users to becoming more experienced. We believe that our system overcomes problems in architecture and support for novice users found in previous systems.
From Pedagogical Dialogue to Dialogical Pedagogy

In this paper, I present and analyse two examples of classroom discourse between a teacher and a small group of students in English primary schools. Both transcripts are extracts from discussions which took place during guided reading sessions (part of the prescribed structure of the 'literacy hour' which English primary schools are required to teach). Drawing on concepts from the work of the Bakhtin Circle, I argue that one of the sequences exemplifies 'pedagogical dialogue', in which someone who knows and possesses the truth instructs someone who is ignorant of it and in error. I interpret the second sequence as an instance of 'internally persuasive discouse', in which students are encouraged to retell the story in their own words, rather than reciting it by heart. I conclude that because talk about literary texts is a non-algorithmic form of knowledge, a dialogical pedagogy is better suited to enhancing pupils' independent powers of comprehension than are approaches which emphasise recitation.
Mouse Allergen, Lung Function, and Atopy in Puerto Rican Children

Objective To examine the relation between mouse allergen exposure and asthma in Puerto Rican children. Methods Mus m 1, Der p 1, Bla g 2, and Fel d 1 allergens were measured in dust samples from homes of Puerto Rican children with (cases) and without (controls) asthma in Hartford, CT (n = 449) and San Juan (SJ), Puerto Rico (n = 678). Linear or logistic regression was used for the multivariate analysis of mouse allergen (Mus m 1) and lung function (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) and allergy (total IgE and skin test reactivity (STR) to ≥1 allergen) measures. Results Homes in SJ had lower mouse allergen levels than those in Hartford. In multivariate analyses, mouse allergen was associated with higher FEV1 in cases in Hartford (+70.6 ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.6–132.7 ml, P = 0.03) and SJ (+45.1 ml, 95% CI = −0.5 to 90.6 ml, P = 0.05). In multivariate analyses of controls, mouse allergen was inversely associated with STR to ≥1 allergen in non-sensitized children (odds ratio [OR] for each log-unit increment in Mus m 1 = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5–0.9, P<0.01). In a multivariate analysis including all children at both study sites, each log-increment in mouse allergen was positively associated with FEV1 (+28.3 ml, 95% CI = 1.4–55.2 ml, P = 0.04) and inversely associated with STR to ≥1 allergen (OR for each log-unit increment in Mus m 1 = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6–0.9, P<0.01). Conclusions Mouse allergen is associated with a higher FEV1 and lower odds of STR to ≥1 allergen in Puerto Rican children. This may be explained by the allergen itself or correlated microbial exposures.
Recognition of faces and Greebles in 3-month-old infants: Influence of temperament and cognitive abilities

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether temperament and cognitive abilities are related to recognition performance of Caucasian and African faces and of a nonfacial stimulus class, Greebles. Seventy Caucasian infants were tested at 3 months with a habituation/dishabituation paradigm and their temperament and cognitive abilities were measured. Analyses revealed that only infants with easy temperament recognized familiar Greebles from the habituation phase. A similar pattern was found for cognitive abilities showing that only infants with higher cognitive abilities recognized Greebles. Irrespectively of temperament and cognitive abilities, all infants recognized the faces. Thus, the data suggest that recognition of unfamiliar Greebles, but not of faces, is demanding for 3-month-old infants with difficult temperament or lower cognitive abilities.
Feature Article - Interior Point Methods for Linear Programming: Computational State of the Art

A survey of the significant developments in the field of interior point methods for linear programming is presented, beginning with Karmarkar's projective algorithm and concentrating on the many variants that can be derived from logarithmic barrier methods. Full implementation details of the primal-dual predictor-corrector code OB1 are given, including preprocessing, matrix orderings, and matrix factorization techniques. A computational comparison of OB1 with a state-of-the-art simplex code using eight large models is given. In addition, computational results are presented where OB1 is used to solve two very large models that have never been solved by any simplex code INFORMS Journal on Computing , ISSN 1091-9856, was published as ORSA Journal on Computing from 1989 to 1995 under ISSN 0899-1499.