Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelos organizativos para iniciativas de crowdsourcing

espanolLa economia colaborativa y el crowdsourcing se han convertido en formas innovadoras de competir. En el sector bancario hay instituciones, como el BBVA, que tienen experiencia en este campo. La literatura academica ha ido explicando los distintos casos de exito de crowdsourcing y proponiendo esquemas explicativos y dimensiones de analisis. En el presente articulo se recogen esos esquemas y dimensiones dentro de un modelo que analiza el impacto sobre las organizaciones a tres niveles: micro, meso y macro. Se revisan actividades de crowdsourcing del BBVA identificando las dimensiones que permiten analizar esas iniciativas, como puesta en practica del modelo de analisis propuesto EnglishCollaborative economy and crowdsourcing are a innovative forms of competition in different industries. Banking is one of them and some institutions, such as BBVA, already accumulate some experience working in this field. Academic literature has provided explanation to different crowdsourcing success stories and is proposing some explanatory schemes and dimensions for analysis. The current article collects those schemes and dimensions within a model that analyses the impact on organizations at three levels: micro, meso and macro. Crowdsourcing activities from BBVA are analysed with that scheme, identifying the dimensions that allow the analysis of such initiatives when applying the model.
Finite-time containment control for multi-agent systems with single-integrator dynamics

In this paper, a novel finite-time containment control framework for multi-agent systems with single-integrator dynamics is established. In such a framework, the multi-agent team can achieve containment control at any preset time, i.e., the followers can move into the convex hull spanned by the leaders at any preset time. In order to reach this goal, linear feedback control protocols with time-varying gains are introduced. Specific functions for time-varying gains are considered and then the result in general form is derived. The proposed preset time dependent time-varying control protocols can solve containment control problems at the preset time if the directed communication topology has a directed spanning forest. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Parameterization of speech signals for robust voice recognition

In this paper, we propose a speech parameterization technique based on a compressive Gammachirp filterbank. This filterbank represents a reliable model of the cochlear auditory filter and provides a good approximation of their spectral and selective behaviour. The recognition performance of our technique is tested on isolated-words extracted from the TIMIT database. The adopted speech recognition system is the HTK.3. 4.1 platform based on Hidden Markov Models with Gaussian-Mixture densities. The evaluation results showed that the proposed technique gives better recognition rate compared to conventional techniques: PLP (Perceptual Linear Prediction) and LPCC (Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficient).
Fully dynamic and memory-adaptative spatial approximation trees

Hybrid dynamic spatial approximation trees are recently proposed data structures for search- ing in metric spaces, based on combining the concepts of spatial approximation and pivot based algorithms. These data structures are hybrid schemes, with the full features of dynamic spatial approximation trees and able of using the available memory to improve the query time. It has been shown that they compare favorably against alternative data structures in spaces of medium difficulty. In this paper we complete and improve hybrid dynamic spatial approximation trees, by pre- senting a new search alternative, an algorithm to remove objects from the tree, and an improved way of managing the available memory. The result is a fully dynamic and optimized data structure for similarity searching in metric spaces.
BIVARIATE MORAN'S I AND LISA TO EXPLORE THE CRASH RISKY LOCATIONS IN URBAN AREAS

Reducing the number and severity of urban crashes has always been a primary concern of urban planners and safety specialist. Identifying the critical locations is an essential step in urban management since the safety improvements are prioritized to hazardous regions. The spatial essence of crash data, particularly the presence of spatial autocorrelation reveals that crash occurrences are not only inclined to cluster in the same locations but within particular time intervals. This study aims to detect spatial-temporal dependencies among crash occurrences using bivariate Moran’s I and LISA (Local Indicator of Spatial Association). Employing the yearly number of crashes aggregated in 253 TAZs (Traffic Analysis Zone) in Mashhad, Iran over four successive years (2006 – 2009), indicated that both bivariate Moran’s I and LISA yielding significant patterns of spatial-temporal autocorrelation of crashes. The results of this analysis help the safety officials and urban planners to sufficiently allocate the limited resources such as budget and time by prioritizing the riskiest locations.
An Academic/Government Partnership to Provide Technical Assistance with Pandemic Influenza Planning to Local Health Departments in North Carolina

In 2006, the North Carolina Division of Public Health (NC DPH) required all 85 local health departments (LHDs) in North Carolina to develop a pandemic influenza plan. Because few LHDs had experience in developing such plans, NC DPH engaged in a unique partnership with an academic center, the North Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness (NCCPHP), to provide technical assistance to local planners. This article describes the technical assistance program implemented by NCCPHP, the use of technical assistance by local planners, subsequent completeness of local pandemic influenza plans, and lessons learned throughout the program. We discuss selected topic areas (surveillance, vaccine/antiviral, and vulnerable populations) observed within local pandemic influenza plans to highlight the variability in planning approaches and identify potential opportunities for state and local standardization.
Organic nitrate aerosol formation via NO 3 + biogenic volatile organic compounds in the southeastern United States

Abstract. Gas- and aerosol-phase measurements of oxidants, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and organic nitrates made during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS campaign, Summer 2013) in central Alabama show that a nitrate radical (NO3) reaction with monoterpenes leads to significant secondary aerosol formation. Cumulative losses of NO3 to terpenes are correlated with increase in gas- and aerosol-organic nitrate concentrations made during the campaign. Correlation of NO3 radical consumption to organic nitrate aerosol formation as measured by aerosol mass spectrometry and thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence suggests a molar yield of aerosol-phase monoterpene nitrates of 23–44 %. Compounds observed via chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) are correlated to predicted nitrate loss to BVOCs and show C10H17NO5, likely a hydroperoxy nitrate, is a major nitrate-oxidized terpene product being incorporated into aerosols. The comparable isoprene product C5H9NO5 was observed to contribute less than 1 % of the total organic nitrate in the aerosol phase and correlations show that it is principally a gas-phase product from nitrate oxidation of isoprene. Organic nitrates comprise between 30 and 45 % of the NOy budget during SOAS. Inorganic nitrates were also monitored and showed that during incidents of increased coarse-mode mineral dust, HNO3 uptake produced nitrate aerosol mass loading at a rate comparable to that of organic nitrate produced via NO3 + BVOCs.
Impact of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials

We reviewed the effect of resistance training on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in adults. Randomized, controlled trials lasting ≥4 weeks investigating the effects of resistance training on blood pressure in healthy adults (age ≥18 years) and published in a peer-reviewed journal up to June 2010 were included. Random- and fixed-effects models were used for analyses, with data reported as weighted means and 95% confidence limits. We included 28 randomized, controlled trials, involving 33 study groups and 1012 participants. Overall, resistance training induced a significant blood pressure reduction in 28 normotensive or prehypertensive study groups [−3.9 (−6.4; −1.2)/−3.9 (−5.6; −2.2) mm Hg], whereas the reduction [−4.1 (−0.63; +1.4)/−1.5 (−3.4; +0.40) mm Hg] was not significant for the 5 hypertensive study groups. When study groups were divided according to the mode of training, isometric handgrip training in 3 groups resulted in a larger decrease in blood pressure [−13.5 (−16.5; −10.5)/−6.1(−8.3; −3.9) mm Hg] than dynamic resistance training in 30 groups [−2.8 (−4.3; −1.3)/−2.7 (−3.8; −1.7) mm Hg]. After dynamic resistance training, VO2 peak increased by 10.6% (P=0.01), whereas body fat and plasma triglycerides decreased by 0.6% (P<0.01) and 0.11 mmol/L (P<0.05), respectively. No significant effect could be observed on other blood lipids and fasting blood glucose. This meta-analysis supports the blood pressure–lowering potential of dynamic resistance training and isometric handgrip training. In addition, dynamic resistance training also favorably affects some other cardiovascular risk factors. Our results further suggest that isometric handgrip training may be more effective for reducing blood pressure than dynamic resistance training. However, given the small amount of isometric studies available, additional studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
Gender and the Interpretation of Pronouns in French A view from Relevance Theory

This paper is primarily intended to consider the role of grammatical gender on French pronouns in the process of their interpretation in utterance contexts. I will first discuss the theoretical context which underlies my general account of pronominal interpretation, the cognitive perspective of Relevance Theory, and sketch the bare bones of that account. I will then move on to a fuller discussion of grammatical gender on pronouns, its effect on interpretation and its representational status, using French as a test-bed, and taking psychological and psycholinguistic data into account. I conclude that in terms of their semantics, French pronouns carry primarily procedural meaning which has a fundamentally pragmatic effect on interpretation, but that gender is conceptual, and as such contributes in a rather different fashion both to the semantics of the pronoun, and to the process of its interpretation.
Using Associative Classifiers for Predictive Analysis in Health Care Data Mining

Association rule mining is one of the most important and well researched techniques of data mining for descriptive task, initially used for market basket analysis. It finds all the rules existing in the transactional database that satisfy some minimum support and minimum confidence constraints. Classification using Association rule mining is another major Predictive analysis technique that aims to discover a small set of rule in the database that forms an accurate classifier. In this paper, we introduce the combined approach that integrates association rule mining and classification rule mining called Associative Classification (AC). This is new classification approach. The integration is done by focusing on mining a special subset of association rules called classification association rule (CAR). And then classification is being performed using these CAR. Using association rule mining for constructing classification systems is a promising approach. Given the readability of the associative classifiers, they are especially fit to applications were the model may assist domain experts in their decisions. Medical field is a good example was such applications may appear. Consider an example were a physician has to examine a patient. There is a considerable amount of information associated with the patient (e.g. personal data, medical tests, etc.). A classification system can assist the physician in this process. The system can predict if the patient is likely to have a certain disease or present incompatibility with some treatments. Considering the output of the classification model, the physician can make a better decision on the treatment to be applied to this patient. There are many associative classification approaches that have been proposed recently such as CBA, CMAR, CPAR and MCAR and MMAC. Also Combining the Advanced association rule mining with classifiers gives a new type of Associative classifiers with small refinement in the definition of support and confidence that satisfies the validation of downward closure property. We will discuss advanced associative classifiers being proposed in recent years to provide better accuracy as compare to traditional Classifiers.
Efficacy of the Invasive/Non-invasive Pattern by Magnifying Chromoendoscopy to Estimate the Depth of Invasion of Early Colorectal Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: During colonoscopy, estimation of the depth of invasion in early colorectal lesions is crucial for an adequate therapeutic management and for such task, magnifying chromoendoscopy (MCE) has been proposed as the best in vivo method. However, validation in large-scale studies is lacking. The aim of this prospective study was to clarify the effectiveness of MCE in the diagnosis of the depth of invasion of early colorectal neoplasms in a large series.METHODS: A total of 4,215 neoplastic lesions were evaluated using MCE from October 1998 to September 2005 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Lesions were prospectively classified according to the clinical classification of the pit pattern: invasive pattern or non-invasive pattern. All lesions were histopathologically evaluated.RESULTS: There were 3,371 adenomas, 612 intramucosal cancers (m-ca), 232 submucosal cancers (sm-ca): 52 sm superficial (sm1) and 180 sm deep cancers (sm 2–3). Among lesions diagnosed as invasive pattern, 154 out of 178 (86.5%) were sm2–3, while among lesions diagnosed as non-invasive pattern, 4,011 out of 4,037 (99.4%) were adenomas, m-ca, or sm1. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the invasive pattern to differentiate m-ca or sm1 (<1000 μm) from sm2–3 (≥1000 μm) were 85.6%, 99.4%, and 98.8%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The determination of invasive or non-invasive pattern by MCE is a highly effective in vivo method to predict the depth of invasion of colorectal neoplasms.
Advances in lake management: research translated into application

Lake management is a relatively young applied science, built upon fundamental principles developed from research endeavors over about 5 decades, and greatly advanced over the last 20 years. We have learned enough through research and experience to base most decisions on adequate data and sound ecological principles and to develop rational guidelines for application o f a wide range o f techniques. A number of published texts cover the lake and watershed management planning process and address the applicability and details of specific techniques (HoLDREN et al. 2001, McCoMAS 2002, MATISON et al. 2004, COOKE et al. 2005).
Review: Medical Informatics and the Science of Cognition

Recent developments in medical informatics research have afforded possibilities for great advances in health care delivery. These exciting opportunities also present formidable challenges to the implementation and integration of technologies in the workplace. As in most domains, there is a gulf between technologic artifacts and end users. Since medical practice is a human endeavor, there is a need for bridging disciplines to enable clinicians to benefit from rapid technologic advances. This is turn necessitates a broadening of disciplinary boundaries to consider cognitive and social factors pertaining to the design and use of technology. The authors argue for a place of prominence for cognitive science. Cognitive science provides a framework for the analysis and modeling of complex human performance and has considerable applicability to a range of issues in informatics. Its methods have been employed to illuminate different facets of design and implementation. This approach has also yielded insights into the mechanisms and processes involved in collaborative design. Cognitive scientific methods and theories are illustrated in the context of two examples that examine human-computer interaction in medical contexts and computer-mediated collaborative processes. The framework outlined in this paper can be used to refine the process of iterative design, end-user training, and productive practice.
Drug prescribing during direct and indirect contacts with patients in general practice. A report from the Møre & Romsdal Prescription Study.

OBJECTIVE To describe general practitioners' (GPs) prescribing patterns during direct contacts (DC) vs. indirect contacts (IC) with respect to the patients (age and sex), diagnoses, and drugs. DESIGN Descriptive study. SETTING In the Norwegian county Møre & Romsdal, the GPs recorded all contacts with patients and prescriptions during two months. SUBJECTS 69843 contacts with patients (42202 DC; 24983 IC) during which 56758 prescriptions were issued. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prescriptions (drugs, strength of tablets, amount prescribed, initial/repeat). Diagnoses for prescribing. RESULTS 72 drugs were prescribed per 100 DC; 93 per 100 IC. The drugs prescribed most frequently during DC were CNS-drugs (19%), antibiotics (18%), and respiratory drugs (14%); and during IC, CNS-drugs (34%), cardiovascular (16%), and respiratory drugs (12%). More prescriptions during IC were repeat (IC, 79%; DC, 37%). 57% of all CNS-drugs were issued during IC (90% of which were repeat prescriptions). 25% of the antibiotics were issued during IC (70% of which were initial prescriptions). CONCLUSION The GPs' prescribing patterns during DC and IC are different, which probably reflects that different health problems are handled during DC and IC. Prescription studies should address both settings. Our findings raise concern about the medical foundation for antibiotic and psychotropic prescribing during IC.
What's new in stroke rehabilitation: back to basics.

Stroke rehabilitation has been energized by the increasing confluence of supporting literature from animal studies, neuroimaging investigation of poststroke recovery, and an explosion of clinical rehabilitation trials. As basic scientists and clinical researchers converge, the exciting new technologies and more rigorous clinical methodologies used provide increasing support for some of the basic underpinnings of stroke rehabilitation (ie, the earlier rehabilitation is started the better the recovery), that greater intensity of treatment translates into greater recovery, and that improvement can continue for some time after discharge from hospital or rehabilitation center. Schallert et al1 noted that the brain appears to be primed to “recover” early after stroke. Biernaskie et al2 used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in rats to examine the role of delay of therapy on rehabilitation outcomes. A small focal ischemic lesion was induced, and rats were then subjected to social housing (the control) or enriched rehabilitative training for 5 weeks beginning at 5, 14, and 30 days after stroke. Animals with enriched rehabilitative training at day 5 demonstrated a marked improvement in recovery, whereas those animals exposed at day 30 showed insignificant improvements compared with controls. Those in enriched rehabilitation at day 14 achieved an intermediate level of recovery compared with those that received enriched rehabilitation at day 5 and day 30. Rehabilitation at day 5 in rats was associated with an increased complexity of dendritic branching in the undamaged area when compared with those rehabilitated at day 30 or those exposed to social housing only, providing a biological explanation for greater recovery with earlier rehabilitation. The authors noted that their work confirmed previous primate research3 that demonstrated a time-dependent, rehabilitation-induced map reorganization after ischemic injury, with the remaining preserved cortical tissue being most responsive to rehabilitation training in the early compared with later phases …
The Role of Bim, a Proapoptotic BH3‐Only Member of the Bcl‐2 Family, in Cell‐Death Control

Abstract: Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process for killing unwanted cells. Genetic and biochemical experiments have indicated that three groups of proteins are necessary for activation of the cell‐death effector machinery: cysteine proteases, their adaptors, and proapoptotic Bcl‐2 family members. Antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 family members are needed for cell survival. We have cloned Bim, a proapoptotic Bcl‐2 family member that shares with the family only a 9‐16 aa region of homology [Bcl‐3 homology region (BH3)], but is otherwise unique. Bim requires its BH3 region for binding to Bcl‐2 and activation of apoptosis. Analysis of Bim‐deficient mice has shown that Bim is essential for the execution of some but not all apoptotic stimuli that can be antagonized by Bcl‐2. Bim‐deficient mice have increased numbers of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and myeloid cells, and most develop fatal autoimmune glomerulonephritis. In healthy cells, Bim is bound to the microtubule‐associated dynein motor complex, and is thereby sequestered from Bcl‐2. Certain apoptotic signals unleash Bim and allow it to translocate to intracellular membranes, where it interacts with Bcl‐2 or its homologues. These results indicate that BH3‐only proteins are essential inducers of apoptosis that can be unleashed by certain death signals. Unleashed BH3‐only proteins neutralize the prosurvival function of Bcl‐2‐like molecules, and this is thought to liberate Apaf‐l‐like adapters to activate caspase zymogens, which then initiate cell degradation.
Can host ecology and kin selection predict parasite virulence?

SUMMARY Parasite virulence, or the damage a parasite does to its host, is measured in terms of both host costs (reductions in host growth, reproduction and survival) and parasite benefits (increased transmission and parasite numbers) in the literature. Much work has shown that ecological and genetic factors can be strong selective forces in virulence evolution. This review uses kin selection theory to explore how variations in host ecological parameters impact the genetic relatedness of parasite populations and thus virulence. We provide a broad overview of virulence and population genetics studies and then draw connections to existing knowledge about natural parasite populations. The impact of host movement (transporting parasites) and host resistance (filtering parasites) on the genetic structure and virulence of parasite populations is explored, and empirical studies of these factors using Plasmodium and trematode systems are proposed.