Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single Mode operation and Transverse Mode control in VCSELs induced by Frequency Selective Feedback

An experimentalstudyof a with frequency selecti vefeedback( ) is reported.Weshow thatwe canforcethelaserto emit in its fundamental transversemodeor in a higherordertransversemodeandthatwe canalsocontrolthepolarizationemittedin thefundamental one.Weobtainsinglefundamental modeoperation within a largerangeof injectioncurrentvalues(almost ) anda maximumopticalpower of . In this currentrangetheoutputis foundto bestable.
Influence of AC waveforms on stress corrosion cracking behaviour of pipeline steel in high pH solution

The effect of various waveforms AC on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour and mechanism of X80 pipeline steel was investigated in high pH carbonate/bicarbonate solution by polarisation curves and slow strain rate tensile tests. Under various waveforms AC, the passivity of the steel degrades severely, and pitting corrosion easily forms on the electrode surface. With or without AC application, the SCC behaviour and mechanism of the steels in the solution are distinctly different. Without the presence of AC, the cracks propagation are intergranular, and the mechanism is anodic dissolution. AC significantly increases the SCC susceptibility of pipeline steel. The order of the SCC susceptibility of the steel at various waveforms AC is: sine wave < square wave < triangular wave. Under a long term AC interference, the fracture mode is transgranular, and the mechanism of the steel in high pH solution is controlled by anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement.
N-K Constrained Composite Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning With Interval Load

The uncertainties of the predicted load demand and N-K contingencies are very significant aspects to composite generation and transmission expansion planning (CGTEP). In this paper, multi-contingency constrained CGTEP with load uncertainty was analyzed from stringent mathematical view and formulated as a tri-level optimization model. To effectively solve the tri-level optimization, the entire problem is formulated as two problems using Benders’ decomposition: 1) master problem with expansion planning and 2) the sub-problem with the worst case load shedding. The sub-problem is a bi-level optimization problem which can be solved mathematically using strong duality theory and linearization method. CGTEP with the tri-level optimization can endure the disturbances of interval load and N-K contingencies. A benchmark test system is simulated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, for Bender’s decomposition with many sub-problems of worst load shedding, the numerically comparable results of a special case demonstrate that all sub-problems of composite contingencies must be validated at each iteration even if certain contingency meets the standard of load shedding at the previous iteration.
Phylogeographic heterogeneity of the brown macroalga Sargassum horneri (Fucaceae) in the northwestern Pacific in relation to late Pleistocene glaciation and tectonic configurations

Pleistocene glacial oscillations and associated tectonic processes are believed to have influenced the historical abundances and distribution of organisms in the Asia Northwest Pacific (ANP). Accumulating evidence indicates that factors shaping tempospatial population dynamics and distribution patterns of marine taxa vary with biogeographical latitude, pelagic behaviour and oceanographic regimes. To detect what kinds of historical and contemporary factors affected genetic connectivity, phylogeographic profiles of littoral macroalga Sargassum horneri in the ANP were analysed based on mitochondrial (Cox3) and chloroplast (rbcL) data sets. Five distinct clades were recovered. A strong signature of biogeographical structure was revealed (ΦCT = 0.487, P < 0.0001) derived from remarkable differentiation in clade distribution, as clade I is restricted to Chinese marginal seas (Yellow–Bohai Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea), whereas clades II–V are discontinuously scattered around the main Islands of Japan. Furthermore, two secondary contact regions were identified along the south Japan‐Pacific coastline. This significant differentiation between the two basins may reflect historical glacial isolation in the northwestern Pacific, which is congruent with the estimates of clade divergence and demographic expansion during the late Quaternary low sea levels. Analysis of molecular variance and the population‐pair statistic FST also revealed significant genetic structural differences between Chinese marginal seas and the Japanese basin. This exceptional phylogeographic architecture in S. horneri, initially shaped by historical geographic isolation during the late Pleistocene ice age and physical biogeographical barriers, can be complicated by oceanographic regimes (ocean surface currents) and relocating behaviour such as oceanic drifting.
Cervical Ureaplasma urealyticum Colonization: Comparison of PCR and Culture for its Detection and Association with Preterm Birth

We developed a 16S ribosomal (r) RNA gene-based PCR assay specific for Ureaplasma urealyticum and compared it with culture. We also wanted to assess the role of cervical U. urealyticum colonization in preterm births. Cervical swabs from 100 women with preterm contractions and from 50 asymptomatic pregnant women were collected and analyzed using PCR. The PCR and culture methods were compared using the samples from the asymptomatic patients. PCR and culture were equally effective at detecting U. urealyticum. Cervical colonization correlated with preterm delivery, with rates of 71% and 37% for those delivering preterm and those with term delivery, respectively (p=0.008). The relative risk of preterm delivery if colonized with U. urealyticum was 3.34. 16S rRNA gene-based PCR proved to be a useful tool for detecting U. urealyticum compared to culture. Lower genital tract colonization with U. urealyticum was associated with preterm birth.
Integration of Component-Based Development Concepts and RM-ODP Viewpoints

The most prominent solutions for efficient management of complexity and rapid changes in the modern enterprise world are standardisation efforts in the field of open distributed systems such as ISO Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) as well as a new plug-and-play component-based system development (CBD) paradigm. This paper shows the way for a seamless and meaningful integration of these two powerful concepts that can be beneficial for both sides. RM-ODP can adopt high-level component-based concepts in order to reach more consistent system specification, which can be effectively mapped to component-based system implementation using already available component technology. CBD can effectively use RM-ODP as an underlying specification framework in order to provide a systematic, consistent and integrated CBD approach, by integrating component concepts consistently into all phases and aspects of the enterprise system development, from business to implementation.
Solute distribution in nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys examined through atom probe tomography

Atom probe tomography is used to observe the solute distribution in electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys with three different grain sizes (3, 10 and 20 nm) and the results are compared with atomistic computer simulations. The presence of grain boundary segregation is confirmed by detailed analysis of composition fluctuations in both experimental and simulated structures, and its extent quantified by a frequency distribution analysis. In contrast to other nanocrystalline alloys previously examined by atom probe tomography, such as Ni–P, the present nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys exhibit only a subtle amount of solute segregation to the intergranular regions.
Chemical Diabetes in Childhood: Integrated Concentrations of Glucose, Insulin, and Growth Hormone

Children and adolescents with varying degrees of glucose intolerance were studied with constant, blood withdrawal methods, and concentrations of glucose, insulin, and growth hormone were evaluated during a normal twenty-four-hour routine. Integrated concentrations of glucose and insulin in children with chemical diabetes were normal despite abnormal oral glucose–tolerance tests. All but two insulin–dependent diabetics had elevated integrated concentrations of growth hormone, as did some but not all chemical diabetics. Three of four mildly ketoacidotic individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes, who were studied before insulin therapy, had normal growth hormone–integrated concentrations. These data differentiate pharmacologic and physiologic assessments of carbohydrate homeostasis, and they support the concept that elevated growth hormone concentrations may not be a direct result of poor diabetic control.
Overview of the HUPO Plasma Proteome Project: Results from the pilot phase with 35 collaborating laboratories and multiple analytical groups, generating a core dataset of 3020 proteins and a publicly‐available database

HUPO initiated the Plasma Proteome Project (PPP) in 2002. Its pilot phase has (1) evaluated advantages and limitations of many depletion, fractionation, and MS technology platforms; (2) compared PPP reference specimens of human serum and EDTA, heparin, and citrate‐anti‐coagulated plasma; and (3) created a publicly‐available knowledge base (www.bioinformatics.med.umich.edu/hupo/ppp; www.ebi.ac.uk/pride). Thirty‐five participating laboratories in 13 countries submitted datasets. Working groups addressed (a) specimen stability and protein concentrations; (b) protein identifications from 18 MS/MS datasets; (c) independent analyses from raw MS‐MS spectra; (d) search engine performance, subproteome analyses, and biological insights; (e) antibody arrays; and (f) direct MS/SELDI analyses. MS‐MS datasets had 15 710 different International Protein Index (IPI) protein IDs; our integration algorithm applied to multiple matches of peptide sequences yielded 9504 IPI proteins identified with one or more peptides and 3020 proteins identified with two or more peptides (the Core Dataset). These proteins have been characterized with Gene Ontology, InterPro, Novartis Atlas, OMIM, and immunoassay‐based concentration determinations. The database permits examination of many other subsets, such as 1274 proteins identified with three or more peptides. Reverse protein to DNA matching identified proteins for 118 previously unidentified ORFs.
Blind channel estimation and data recovery in DS spread spectrum systems

A new approach to the problem of data detection for communications over band-limited channels with unknown channel-impulse response was proposed by. Vaidis and Weber (see IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol.46, p.232-43, 1998). This approach utilizes the Viterbi algorithm (VA) for maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) in a block adaptive technique for simultaneous channel and data estimation. A novel computationally efficient modified VA is developed for MLSE in direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum system. The new modified VA is employed in the approach of Vaidis et al. for recovering DS spread spectrum signals in the presence of channel distortion and additive Gaussian noise. The simulation results show that the approach of Vaidis et al. implemented with the new modified VA achieves lower probability of error and higher speed of convergence.
Understanding protein folding with energy landscape theory Part I: Basic concepts

1. Introduction 111 2. Levinthal's paradox and energy landscapes 115 2.1 Including randomness in the energy function 121 2.2 Some effects of energetic correlations between structurally similar states 126 3. Resolution of problems by funnel theory 128 3.1 Physical origin of free-energy barriers 133 4. Generic mechanisms in folding 138 4.1 Collapse, generic and specific 139 4.2 Helix formation 139 4.3 Nematic ordering 141 4.4 Microphase separation 142 5. Signatures of a funneled energy landscape 145 6. Statistical Hamiltonians and self-averaging 152 7. Conclusions and future prospects 156 8. Acknowledgments 157 9. Appendix: Glossary of terms 157 10. References 158 The current explosion of research in molecular biology was made possible by the profound discovery that hereditary information is stored and passed on in the simple, one-dimensional (1D) sequence of DNA base pairs (Watson & Crick, 1953). The connection between heredity and biological function is made through the transmission of this 1D information, through RNA, to the protein sequence of amino acids. The information contained in this sequence is now known to be sufficient to completely determine a protein's geometrical 3D structure, at least for simpler proteins which are observed to reliably refold when denatured in vitro, i.e. without the aid of any cellular machinery such as chaperones or steric (geometrical) constraints due to the presence of a ribosomal surface (for example Anfinsen, 1973) (see Fig. 1). Folding to a specific structure is typically a prerequisite for a protein to function, and structural and functional probes are both often used in the laboratory to test for the in vitro yield of folded proteins in an experiment.
Atomistic study of the influence of lattice defects on the thermal conductivity of silicon

Lattice defects such as vacancies, voids and dislocations are inevitably present in any material of technological interest. In this work, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to investigate how the monatomic vacancies and nanovoids influence the lattice thermal conductivity of silicon. The results show a clear non-linear decrease of the thermal conductivity with increasing defect volume fraction. Furthermore, it is found that for a given volume fraction of defects, a random distribution shows a lower lattice thermal conductivity. To develop a fundamental understanding of these observations, the spectral energy densities for all phonon branches obtained from 2D Fourier transformations of the atomic trajectories are analyzed. This yields the mean phonon group velocities and relaxation times, which are the main physical quantities contributing to the lattice thermal conductivity. Our analysis reveals that the phonon relaxation time is the most important parameter for describing the degrading of the thermal transport behavior in the defected structures.
Mapping the Global Emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus

The rapid worldwide emergence of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is having a profound negative impact on biodiversity. However, global research efforts are fragmented and an overarching synthesis of global infection data is lacking. Here, we provide results from a community tool for the compilation of worldwide Bd presence and report on the analyses of data collated over a four-year period. Using this online database, we analysed: 1) spatial and taxonomic patterns of infection, including amphibian families that appear over- and under-infected; 2) relationships between Bd occurrence and declining amphibian species, including associations among Bd occurrence, species richness, and enigmatic population declines; and 3) patterns of environmental correlates with Bd, including climate metrics for all species combined and three families (Hylidae, Bufonidae, Ranidae) separately, at both a global scale and regional (U.S.A.) scale. These associations provide new insights for downscaled hypothesis testing. The pathogen has been detected in 52 of 82 countries in which sampling was reported, and it has been detected in 516 of 1240 (42%) amphibian species. We show that detected Bd infections are related to amphibian biodiversity and locations experiencing rapid enigmatic declines, supporting the hypothesis that greater complexity of amphibian communities increases the likelihood of emergence of infection and transmission of Bd. Using a global model including all sampled species, the odds of Bd detection decreased with increasing temperature range at a site. Further consideration of temperature range, rather than maximum or minimum temperatures, may provide new insights into Bd-host ecology. Whereas caution is necessary when interpreting such a broad global dataset, the use of our pathogen database is helping to inform studies of the epidemiology of Bd, as well as enabling regional, national, and international prioritization of conservation efforts. We provide recommendations for adaptive management to enhance the database utility and relevance.
Mental health services for children exposed to armed conflict: Médecins Sans Frontières’ experience in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iraq and the occupied Palestinian territory

Abstract Background: Armed conflict has broad-ranging impacts on the mental health and wellbeing of children and adolescents. Mental health needs greatly exceed service provision in conflict settings, particularly for these age groups. The provision and targeting of appropriate services requires better understanding of the characteristics and requirements of children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict. Methods: Routine patient and programme monitoring data were analysed for patients <20 years of age attending mental health services provided by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in three countries affected by armed conflict: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Iraq and the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). The demographic characteristics, presenting mental health complaint, attributed precipitating event, services provided and short-term outcomes for mental health services users in each country are described. Results: Between 2009 and 2012, 3025 individuals <20 years of age presented for care in DRC and Iraq, and in 2012 in oPt, constituting 14%, 17·5% and 51%, respectively, of all presentations to MSF mental health services in those three countries. The most common precipitating event was sexual violence in DRC (36·5%), domestic violence in Iraq (17·8%) and incarceration or detention in oPt (33%). Armed conflict-related precipitants were reported by 25·9%, 55·0% and 76·4% of youths in DRC, Iraq and oPt, respectively. The most common presenting complaints in children and adolescents were anxiety-related, followed by mood-related, behaviour-related and somatisation problems; these varied according to country and precipitating event. Although a high proportion (45·7%) left programmes early, 97% of those who completed care self-reported improvement in their presenting complaint. Conclusions: Brief trauma-focused therapy, the current MSF mental health therapeutic intervention, appears to be effective in reducing symptoms arising from the experience of trauma. Although inferences on outcomes are limited by high default rates, this provides a feasible tool for addressing the mental health needs of children exposed to armed conflict. Priorities for future research include understanding why children and adolescents constitute a small proportion of patients in some programmes, why many leave care early and how to address these issues, but this research must occur within the context of efforts to provide access to mental health services for children.
Beyond Traceability: Compared Approaches to Consistent Security Risk Assessments

As military and civil software-intensive information systems grow and become more and more complex, structured approaches, called architecture frameworks (AF), were developed to support their engineering. The concepts of these approaches were standardised under ISO/IEC 42010 - Systems and Software Engineering - Architecture Description. An Architecture Description is composed of Views, where each View addresses one or more engineering concerns. As mentioned in the standard, a multi-viewpoint approach requires the capacity to capture the different views, and maintain their mutual consistency. This paper addresses primarily the problem of integrating a model-based security risk assessment view to the mainstream system engineering view(s) and, to a lesser extent, the problem of maintaining the overall consistency of the views. Both business stakes and technical means are studied. We present two specific approaches, namely CORAS and Rinforzando. Both come with techniques and tool support to facilitate security risk assessment of complex and evolving critical infrastructures, such as ATM systems. The former approach offers static import/export relationships between artefacts, whereas the latter offers dynamic relationships. The pros and cons of each technical approach are discussed.
Effects of genetic polymorphismat the growth hormone gene on growth traitsin Makooei sheep

To explore the relevance between sheep Growth hormo ne(GH)gene polymorphism and growth traits ,so as to improve the overall growth rate and economic benefi ts. Growth hormone (GH) a single polypeptide hormon e produced in the anterior pituitary gland is a promi sing candidate gene marker for improving milk and m eat production in farm animals. Genomic DNA was extract ed from whole blood samples collected from 100 shee p. A 200bp GH exon 4segment was amplified by standard PC R, using the locus specific primers. PCR products w ere subjected to SSCP denaturation and polyacrylamide gelectrophoresis. SSCP bands were visualized with silver staining. Five SSCP patterns, representing five dif ferent genotypes, were identified. The evaluation o f an association effect between these SSCP patterns with birth weigh t (BW), weaning weight (WW), six month weight (SW), nine month weight (9W), W12(yearling weight)suggest a po sitive effect of pattern G2 with weaning weight (WW ), six month weight (SW), nine month weight (9W)and additi ve estimated breeding value for the weaning weight (WW), six month weight (SW). This result may be related to th e GH large role in post weaning weight.
Composition dependence of dielectric properties, elastic modulus, and electroactivity in (carbon black‐BaTiO3)/silicone rubber nanocomposites

The dielectric properties, elastic modulus, and electromechanical responses of dielectric elastomers (DEs) consisting of silicone rubber and carbon black (CB) incorporated with BaTiO3 (BT) were studied. When compared with single filler/rubber composites, the resulting three-component nanocomposites yielded very abnormal phenomena. They might be attributed to the interactions between the two kinds of fillers. The increase in concentration of CB (BT) would play a destructive role to the network structure formed by BT (CB) particles. The maximum electromechanical strain of the nanocomposites achieved at mass fraction mCB = 0.03 and mBT = 0.06. The resultant electromechanical strain would be attributed to the large dielectric permittivity in the three-component nanocomposites, in which the BT particles themselves have a high dielectric permittivity and the electrical networks of CB particles have a contribution on the increase in dielectric permittivity of the three-component nanocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013