Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy in detecting truths and lies: Documenting the “veracity effect”

Deception research has consistently shown that accuracy rates tend to be just over fifty percent when accuracy rates are averaged across truthful and deceptive messages and when an equal number of truths and lies are judged. Breaking accuracy rates down by truths and lies, however, leads to a radically different conclusion. Across three studies, a large and consistent veracity effect was evident. Truths are most often correctly identified as honest, but errors predominate when lies are judged. Truth accuracy is substantially greater than chance, but the detection of lies was often significantly below chance. Also, consistent with the veracity effect, altering the truth‐lie base rate affected accuracy. Accuracy was a positive linear function of the ratio of truthful messages to total messages. The results show that this veracity effect stems from a truth‐bias, and suggest that the single best predictor of detection accuracy may be the veracity of message being judged. The internal consistency and paralleli.
Foucault, Biopower & International Relations: A New Conceptualization of Global Biopower

The purpose of this paper is, first and foremost, to accurately describe how biopower enters IR. It does this because so far IR theorists have inaccurately deployed the concept. Due to the tripartite nature of biopower – sovereign, disciplinary, biopolitical – and idiosyncratic conceptualizations of sovereignty by predominant theorists, a number of disparate conceptualizations of biopower populate the literature, none of which satisfactorily extend Foucauldian analysis into international relations. This paper attempts to remedy this conceptual ambiguity to produce the sorts of insights Foucault was concerned with. Central to my argument is thus a discussion of sovereignty. Notwithstanding Foucault‘s warnings about slavish devotion to his work, I nonetheless maintain that an accurate exposition of biopower in IR necessitates a conceptualization of sovereignty that adheres to Foucault‘s methodological principles. Following a deconstruction of sovereignty that identifies a 'history of practices,‘ I maintain that state sovereignty continues to play a central biopolitical role. From this position, I then argue biopower must enter into international relations in a specific manner. I argue that global, or more accurately, international biopower should be identified according to a genealogical method stemming from the biopolitics of states first elucidated by Foucault. I proceed by investigating how 'domestic‘ mechanisms of security are becoming transnational. My ultimate argument focuses on identifying how processes of biopolitical normalization resonate with international processes, and successfully translates Foucauldian scholarship into IR by extending our understanding of how modern liberal societies are governed by norms. By showing how biopolitical normalization is becoming a transnational phenomenon, I reconceptualize 'global biopower‘ as international biopolitical normalization.
The Immune Response Modifier Imiquimod Requires STAT-1 for induction of Interferon, Interferon-Stimulated Genes, and Interleukin-6

ABSTRACT Imiquimod is an oral inducer of interferon (IFN) and several other proinflammatory cytokines and has been successfully used topically as an antiviral agent for the treatment of genital warts. We have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which imiquimod induces the expression of IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and proinflammatory cytokines in vivo, using mice deficient in various components of the IFN signaling system. Mice deficient in the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) or in the serine/threonine protein kinase PKR responded normally to imiquimod, producing high levels of circulating IFN and induction of several ISGs. On the other hand, when mice deficient in STAT-1 were treated, a 32-fold reduction in the level of circulating IFN was observed, together with a lack of induction of 2-5 oligo adenylate synthetase (2-5 OAS) and IRF-1 genes. Interestingly, there was also a lack of induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression, although tumor necrosis factor was induced and readily detected in serum. In mice deficient in the type I IFN receptor, imiquimod induced levels of IFN similar to those in control mice, but again, neither 2-5 OAS, IRF-1, nor IL-6 genes were induced in mutant mice. Our results suggest that STAT-1 plays a critical role in the mechanism of gene activation by imiquimod. Moreover, induction of IL-6 gene expression appears to be dependent on components of the IFN signaling cascade.
Correlation between hs-CRP and Asthma Control Indices

Background Local and systemic inflammation occur at the same time in asthma and high sensitive CRP may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Conventional approaches to monitor and control asthma involve no direct assessment of airway inflammation. There are some recent data postulating a discrepancy between the markers of airway and systemic inflammation and asthma control test (ACT) scores. In this study we evaluate the correlation between the serum levels of hs-CRP in patients with different levels of asthma control based on ACT scores and spirometric indices. Materials and Methods The validated Persian version of ACT was administered to one-hundred asthmatic patients. Spirometry was performed and prebronchodilatory FEV1 was measured. Blood samples for CRP measurement were taken and hs-CRP levels were analyzed. Fifty age-matched healthy volunteers comprised the control group. Results A total of 100 asthmatic patients (57 females and 43 males) and 50 controls were participated. hs-CRP in asthmatics was higher than in controls. No significant differences were found in hs-CRP levels in patients with different levels of asthma control based on ACT (≥20, 16–19, ≤15), GINA classification of asthma control (well controlled, partly controlled, uncontrolled) or FEV1. Conclusion We found no correlation between degree of systemic inflammation estimated by hs-CRP and other clinical indices of asthma control such as ACT scores, FEV1 and GINA classification of asthma control and even in patients with clinical and spirometric indices of controlled asthma, markers of systemic inflammation were still present.
A Study of the Relationship between a Personal Philosophy of Human Nature (Good or Evil) and Self-Esteem

The present study was undertaken to estimate the relationship between a personal philosophy of human nature (whether man is essentially good or evil) and an individual's self-esteem, as measured by the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory. For 19 male and 21 female undergraduate students, correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were calculated. The multivariate analysis of variance indicated a nonsignificant relation between scores on philosophy of human nature of students and their scores on the two measures of self-esteem. Correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were also nonsignificant. The Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory scores and those on the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory were significantly correlated at . 59.
Cumulative Advantage and Success-Breeds-Success: The Value of Time Pattern Analysis

Many different theoretical models can be made to fit empirical informetric data. For the case of the distribution of papers across authors, the Success-Breeds-Success or Cumulative Advantage model is a popular candidate. This article shows that examination of the time pattern of production allows independent evaluation of the component processes that generate the distribution of papers across authors. Specifically for inventors, the Cumulative Advantage model for increasing rate of production with experience is not confirmed. Furthermore, the distribution of individual production is Poisson and the distribution of the rate of production across the population fits the Gamma distribution. Thus, the non-uniform giftedness model is more appropriate for inventors. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Bayesian Network Structure Using a MultiExpert Approach

The learning of a Bayesian network structure, especially in the case of wide domains, can be a complex, time-consuming and imprecise process. Therefore, the interest of the scientific community in learning Bayesian network structure from data is increasing: many techniques or disciplines such as data mining, text categorization, and ontology building, can take advantage from this process. In the literature, there are many structural learning algorithms but none of them provides good results for each dataset. This paper introduces a method for structural learning of Bayesian networks based on a MultiExpert approach. The proposed method combines five structural learning algorithms according to a majority vote combining rule for maximizing their effectiveness and, more generally, the results obtained by using of a single algorithm. This paper shows an experimental validation of the proposed algorithm on standard datasets.
Hearing "words" without words: prosodic cues for word perception.

We found that the stress pattern and rhythm of speech were prosodic cues for word perception in trisyllabic adjective–noun phrases. When listeners heard a ’’ma mama’’ nonsense phrase that mimicked an actual English adjective–noun sequence such as ’’new result,’’ they correctly parsed (divided) the phrase into the words ’’ma’’ and ’’mama’’ corresponding to ’’new’’ and ’’result. ’’ Listeners must have used prosodic features to parse the phrases because the speech had the stress pattern, rhythm, and pitch prosody of normal speech, but had none of the usual meaning and sound cues for words. The stress pattern was a prosodic cue for word perception because the phrases were easy or hard to parse depending on their stress pattern. And rhythm was also a prosodic cue for word perception because the parsing of a phrase was changed when its rhythm was changed via synthetic speech. But the pitch and amplitude contours were not prosodic cues for word perception because the parsing of a phrase remained unchanged when it.
Scaling laws governing stochastic growth and division of single bacterial cells

Significance Growth and division of individual cells are the fundamental events underlying many biological processes, including the development of organisms, the growth of tumors, and pathogen–host interactions. Quantitative studies of bacteria can provide insights into single-cell growth and division but are challenging owing to the intrinsic noise in these processes. Now, by using a unique combination of measurement and analysis technologies, together with mathematical modeling, we discover quantitative features that are conserved across physiological conditions. These universal behaviors reflect the physical principle that a single timescale governs noisy bacterial growth and division despite the complexity of underlying molecular mechanisms. Uncovering the quantitative laws that govern the growth and division of single cells remains a major challenge. Using a unique combination of technologies that yields unprecedented statistical precision, we find that the sizes of individual Caulobacter crescentus cells increase exponentially in time. We also establish that they divide upon reaching a critical multiple (≈1.8) of their initial sizes, rather than an absolute size. We show that when the temperature is varied, the growth and division timescales scale proportionally with each other over the physiological temperature range. Strikingly, the cell-size and division-time distributions can both be rescaled by their mean values such that the condition-specific distributions collapse to universal curves. We account for these observations with a minimal stochastic model that is based on an autocatalytic cycle. It predicts the scalings, as well as specific functional forms for the universal curves. Our experimental and theoretical analysis reveals a simple physical principle governing these complex biological processes: a single temperature-dependent scale of cellular time governs the stochastic dynamics of growth and division in balanced growth conditions.
Enhancing Learning Experiences through Context-Aware Collaborative Services: Software Architecture and Prototype System

Context-aware computing systems hold the promise of enhancing the level and quality of educational activities. However, development of such systems to provide novel educational services is still extremely challenging and requires new architectures and middleware paradigms. In this paper we present a structured, agent based, middleware architecture, able to support sophisticated context-awareness in lectures, presentations and meetings. The architecture caters for the generation of sophisticated context by employing a large set of context-acquisition components, while enabling service logic using non-trivial situation state models. Based on this architectural framework, we have developed a wide array of innovative context-aware services that can play a significant role in education. We present the most prominent of these (named 'memory jog'), which provides pertinent information and human-centric assistance to participants in lectures, presentations and meetings
La relazione tra alessitimia e locus of control: uno studio empirico su 260 soggetti.

The relationship between two dimensions of personality, that is Alexithymia measured by TAS 20 and Locus of control measured by I-E Scale, has been assessed in present study. It has been hypothesized that alexithymic subjets, characterized by a deficiency in emotional processing, should be more external, with a tendency to hold the external world responsi-ble for any event, interfering in such way with cognitive processes that prevent risk behav-iors.The present study has been carried out on 260 students of Psychology courses, who anonymously filled out the italian version of TAS 20 and I-E Scale. According to the hypothesis, subjects scoring higher on alexithymia also showed more external locus of control. Furthermore, the effect of age and gender on alexithymia and lo-cus of control was also assessed. With regard to gender, Difficulty in identifying affects (the 1st factor measured by TAS 20) was higher for females as compared to males. No significant gender difference was found on locus of control, and no relationship was significant between age, and I-E and TAS 20 scores.
Construction of Roma identity in Eastern and Central Europe: perception and self‐identification

Roma people are the most numerous and most disadvantaged of all ethnic minority groups living in contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. The use of the category of Roma varies a great deal in Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. While the stereotypes, attitudes and prejudices concerning the Roma minority suggest the presence of a highly homogenised and unified group, the actual population meant by the category of Roma varies according to the nature of the encounter. Moreover, not only do members of the non‐Roma majority fail to agree who is Roma and who is not Roma, but there is no match between the results of the outgroup and ingroup categorisation. This mismatch is especially striking in Hungary. Explanatory models presented in this paper show differences in the structure of sociological determinants of categorisation between the three countries studied. As far as the nature of outgroup categorisation is concerned, the study showed that, compared to the general level of prejudice of the population, the anti‐Gypsy prejudice is significantly less intense among the non‐Roma interviewers in the survey, whose task was to categorise the respondents, but interviewers cannot be considered to have no anti‐Gypsy bias altogether.
Simultaneous Power Fluctuation and Average Power Minimization during Nano-CMOS Behavioral Synthesis

The authors present minimization methodologies and an algorithm for simultaneous scheduling, binding, and allocation for the reduction of total power and power fluctuation during behavioral synthesis. We consider resources of dual gate oxide thicknesses, dual threshold voltage, and dual power supply. Statistical variations in these parameters are explicitly taken into account by using Monte Carlo simulations to characterize a datapath component library which is then used during behavioral synthesis. The formulated multi-objective cost function is optimized for various resource and time constraints. We present results on several standard benchmarks where we observed significant reduction in total power (as high as 75% without time penalty) and elimination of total power fluctuation (as high as 76% without time penalty). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first-ever behavioral synthesis work addressing fluctuation in total power consumption accounting for gate and subthreshold leakage and dynamic power
Cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome B control shade-avoidance responses in Arabidopsis via partially independent hormonal cascades

Plants respond to a reduction in the red/far-red ratio (R:FR) of light, caused by the proximity of other plants, by initiating morphological changes that improve light capture. In Arabidopsis, this response (shade avoidance syndrome, SAS) is controlled by phytochromes (particularly phyB), and is dependent on the TAA1 pathway of auxin biosynthesis. However, when grown in real canopies, we found that phyB mutants and mutants deficient in TAAI (sav3) still display robust SAS responses to increased planting density and leaf shading. The SAS morphology (leaf hyponasty and reduced lamina/petiole ratio) could be phenocopied by exposing plants to blue light attenuation. These responses to blue light attenuation required the UV-A/blue light photoreceptor cry1. Moreover, they were mediated through mechanisms that showed only limited overlap with the pathways recruited by phyB inactivation. In particular, pathways for polar auxin transport, auxin biosynthesis and gibberellin signaling that are involved in SAS responses to low R:FR were not required for the SAS responses to blue light depletion. By contrast, the brassinosteroid response appeared to be required for the full expression of the SAS phenotype under low blue light. The phyB and cry1 inactivation pathways appeared to converge in their requirement for the basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs 4 and 5 (PIF4 and PIF5) to elicit the SAS phenotype. Our results suggest that blue light is an important control of SAS responses, and that PIF4 and PIF5 are critical hubs for a diverse array of signaling routes that control plant architecture in canopies.
Facial Emg Responses to Noise

Tension of the forehead increases as a response to unpleasant stimuli. In three experiments EMG activity in corrugator muscle was measured to test this response as an indicator of noise annoyance. In Exp. 1 (n = 24) monotonic sound level-response functions were obtained for four levels of 100- and 1000-Hz tones. In Exp. 2 (n = 20) recordings were made during work with a simple and a difficult task in a group of women and a group of men. Larger responses were obtained during the difficult task, especially during noise exposure. The response was much larger for the women. Exp. 3 (n = 24) showed that the sex difference was unaffected by a correction for differences in maximum level of corrugator response. Rated annoyance was a linear function of log EMG.
Effects of High-Humidity Aging on Platinum, Palladium, and Gold Loaded Tin Oxide—Volatile Organic Compound Sensors

This study is an investigation of high-humidity aging effects on the total volatile organic compound (T–VOC) gas-sensing properties of platinum, palladium, and gold-loaded tin oxide (Pt,Pd,Au/SnO2) thick films. The sensor responses of the high-humidity aged Pt,Pd,Au/SnO2, a non-aged Pt,Pd,Au/SnO2, and a high-humidity aged Pt/SnO2 to T–VOC test gas have been measured. The high-humidity aging is an effective treatment for resistance to humidity change for the Pt,Pd,Au/SnO2 but not effective for the Pt/SnO2. The mechanism of the high-humidity aging effects is discussed based on the change of surface state of the SnO2 particles.
The clinical relevance of human papillomavirus testing: relationship between analytical and clinical sensitivity

Given the fact that infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is causally involved in cervical cancer, addition of high‐risk HPV testing to a cervical smear may improve the efficacy of cervical cancer screening programmes, the triage of women with equivocal or borderline Pap smears, and the monitoring of women who have been treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3). Compared to a cervical smear HPV tests revealed a superior sensitivity (ie clinical sensitivity) for lesions ≥ CIN 3, and a negative predictive value approaching 100%. However, a potential complication is the availability of several HPV testing methods, all displaying a different sensitivity and specificity to detect HPV‐positive women (ie analytical sensitivity and specificity). There is now compelling evidence that the clinical sensitivity and specificity of HPV tests are not simply synonymous to their analytical sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In fact, a distinction between so‐called clinically relevant and irrelevant high‐risk HPV infections should be made when considering HPV tests for primary screening, triage policies, or post‐treatment monitoring. Here, we discuss the potential importance of HPV load in the context of currently widely applied HPV detection methods, to distinguish clinically relevant from irrelevant HPV infections. From this it can be concluded that it is of utmost importance to define criteria, involving viral load threshold and the type of HPV detection method that should be fulfilled by an HPV test before implementation of such a test in clinical practice and population‐based cervical cancer screening programmes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Primacy of Caring: Stress and Coping in Health and Illness

1 The Primacy of Caring. 2 On What It Is to Be a Person. 3 Phenomenological View of Stress and Coping. 4 Coping with Illness Across the Adult Lifespan. 5 Health Promotion. 6 Coping with Symptoms. 7 Coping with a Coronary Illness. 8 Coping with Cancer. 9 Coping with Neurological Illnesses. 10 Coping with Caregiving.
A Low-Cost Hardware Architecture for Illumination Adjustment in Real-Time Applications

For real-time surveillance and safety applications in intelligent transportation systems, high-speed processing for image enhancement is necessary and must be considered. In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient illumination adjustment algorithm that is suitable for low-cost very large scale integration implementation. Experimental results show that the proposed method requires the least number of operations and achieves comparable visual quality as compared with previous techniques. To further meet the requirement of real-time image/video applications, the 16-stage pipelined hardware architecture of our method is implemented as an intellectual property core. Our design yields a processing rate of about 200 MHz by using TSMC 0.13-μm technology. Since it can process one pixel per clock cycle, for an image with a resolution of QSXGA (2560 × 2048) , it requires about 27 ms to process one frame that is suitable for real-time applications. In some low-cost intelligent imaging systems, the processing rate can be slowed down, and our hardware core can run at very low power consumption.