Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a government-led, multiarm intervention on early childhood development and caregiver mental health: a study protocol for a factorial cluster-randomised trial in rural China

Introduction The high incidences of both the developmental delay among young children and the mental health problems of their caregivers are major threats to public health in low-income and middle-income countries. Parental training interventions during early childhood have been shown to benefit early development, yet evidence on strategies to promote caregiver mental health remains limited. In addition, evidence on the optimal design of scalable interventions that integrate early child development and maternal mental health components is scarce. Methods and analysis We design a single-blind, factorial, cluster-randomised controlled, superiority trial that will be delivered and supervised by local agents of the All China Women’s Federation (ACWF), the nationwide, government-sponsored social protection organisation that aims to safeguard the rights and interests of women and children. We randomise 125 villages in rural China into four arms: (1) a parenting stimulation arm; (2) a caregiver mental health arm; (3) a combined parenting stimulation and caregiver mental health arm and (4) a pure control arm. Caregivers and their children (aged 6–24 months at the time of baseline data collection) are selected and invited to participate in the 12-month-long study. The parenting stimulation intervention consists of weekly, one-on-one training sessions that follow a loose adaptation of the Reach Up and Learn curriculum. The caregiver mental health intervention is comprised of fortnightly group activities based on an adaptation of the Thinking Healthy curriculum from the WHO. Primary outcomes include measures of child development and caregiver mental health. Secondary outcomes include a comprehensive set of physical, psychological and behavioural outcomes. This protocol describes the design and evaluation plan for this programme. Ethics and dissemination This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Stanford University (IRB Protocol #63680) and the Institutional Review Board of the Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Informed oral consent will be obtained from all caregivers for their own and their child’s participation in the study. The full protocol will be publicly available in an open-access format. The study findings will be published in economics, medical and public health journals, as well as Chinese or English policy briefs. Trial registration number AEA RCT Registry (AEARCTR-0010078) and ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN84864201).
Is Social Support Associated with Colorectal Cancer Care Utilization? A Multilevel Mixed-Effects Model of a Cross-Sectional Cohort Study in Vietnam

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the social support (SS) and colorectal cancer (CRC) care utilization of patients in the central region of Vietnam. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study in which the cohort was defined as all residential patients diagnosed with CRC in a tertiary hospital, Hue Central Hospital (HCH), in central Vietnam from 2013 to 2019. Social support was considered the main independent variable and was evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), a self-administered 19-item SS survey. MOS-SSS is a widely used scale for assessing social support in CRC patients because it is brief, easy to use, reliable, and valid. In this study, we considered a data framework with a multilevel structure that included the patient level and duration of diagnosis as the second level. We estimated the magnitude of SS and CRC-specific treatment modalities using multilevel mixed-effects (MM) models under a hierarchical approach. Results: The findings indicated that CRC care utilization rates were 89.9%, 48.5%, and 30.6% for surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, respectively. The overall trend of SS decreased significantly and affected the CRC care utilization. We found a positive effects of overall SS, as well as emotional and tangible support, on the number of hospitalization admissions and chemotherapy utilization. Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of the MOS-SSS should be continued in the long term for CRC patients to enhance medical accessibility and care utilization.
Misidentifying illuminant changes in natural scenes due to failures in relational colour constancy

The colours of surfaces in a scene may not appear constant with a change in the colour of the illumination. Yet even when colour constancy fails, human observers can usually discriminate changes in lighting from changes in surface reflecting properties. This operational ability has been attributed to the constancy of perceived colour relations between surfaces under illuminant changes, in turn based on approximately invariant spatial ratios of cone photoreceptor excitations. Natural deviations in these ratios may, however, lead to illuminant changes being misidentified. The aim of this work was to test whether such misidentifications occur with natural scenes and whether they are due to failures in relational colour constancy. Pairs of scene images from hyperspectral data were presented side-by-side on a computer-controlled display. On one side, the scene underwent illuminant changes and on the other side, it underwent the same changes but with images corrected for any residual deviations in spatial ratios. Observers systematically misidentified the corrected images as being due to illuminant changes. The frequency of errors increased with the size of the deviations, which were closely correlated with the estimated failures in relational colour constancy.
Durability of Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies 5.5 Months After Bivalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Booster

Abstract We analyzed neutralizing antibodies in samples from ancestral + BA.1 and ancestral + BA.4/5 boosted individuals, collected around 5.5 months after booster. Titers of neutralizing antibodies generally decreased compared to a time point early after the bivalent booster immunization. This was more pronounced for individuals without infection history and for recently emerged Omicron variants.
Use of social media in recruiting young people to mental health research: a scoping review

Objectives This review explored the literature on the use of social media in recruiting young people, aged 13–18 years, to mental health research. It aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to recruitment and strategies to improve participation in future research. Design Scoping review. Data sources Articles published between January 2011 and February 2023 were searched for on PubMed, Scopus, Medline (via EBSCOhost) and Cochrane Library databases. Eligibility criteria Studies that outlined social media as a recruitment method and recruited participants aged 13–18 years. Data extraction and synthesis Data was extracted by two reviewers independently and cross-checked by a third reviewer. Data on study design, aims, participants, recruitment methods and findings related specifically to social media as a recruitment tool were collected. Results 24 journal articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies were predominantly surveys (n=13) conducted in the USA (n=16) recruiting via Facebook (n=16) and/or Instagram (n=14). Only nine of the included articles provided a summary of success and reviewed the efficacy of social media recruitment for young people in mental health research. Type of advertisement, the language used, time of day and the use of keywords were all found to be factors that may influence the success of recruitment through social media; however, as these are based on findings from a small number of studies, such potential influences require further investigation. Conclusion Social media recruitment can be a successful method for recruiting young people to mental health research. Further research is needed into recruiting socioeconomically marginalised groups using this method, as well as the effectiveness of new social media platforms. Registration Open Science Framework Registry (https://osf.io/mak75/).
Endothelial cell‐specific reduction in mTOR ameliorates age‐related arterial and metabolic dysfunction

Abstract Systemic inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) delays aging and many age‐related conditions including arterial and metabolic dysfunction. However, the mechanisms and tissues involved in these beneficial effects remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that activation of S6K, a downstream target of mTOR, is increased in arteries with advancing age, and that this occurs preferentially in the endothelium compared with the vascular smooth muscle. Induced endothelial cell‐specific deletion of mTOR reduced protein expression by 60–70%. Although this did not significantly alter arterial and metabolic function in young mice, endothelial mTOR reduction reversed arterial stiffening and improved endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) in old mice, indicating an improvement in age‐related arterial dysfunction. Improvement in arterial function in old mice was concomitant with reductions in arterial cellular senescence, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The reduction in endothelial mTOR also improved glucose tolerance in old mice, and this was associated with attenuated hepatic gluconeogenesis and improved lipid tolerance, but was independent of alterations in peripheral insulin sensitivity, pancreatic beta cell function, or fasted plasma lipids in old mice. Lastly, we found that endothelial mTOR reduction suppressed gene expression of senescence and inflammatory markers in endothelial‐rich (i.e., lung) and metabolically active organs (i.e., liver and adipose tissue), which may have contributed to the improvement in metabolic function in old mice. This is the first evidence demonstrating that reducing endothelial mTOR in old age improves arterial and metabolic function. These findings have implications for future drug development.
High-dimensional single-cell proteomics analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma reveals dynamic alterations of the tumor immune microenvironment after neoadjuvant therapy

Background Dynamic alterations of the tumor immune microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after different neoadjuvant therapies were understudied. Methods We used mass cytometry with a 42-antibody panel for 6 adjacent normal esophageal mucosa and 26 tumor samples (treatment-naïve, n=12; postneoadjuvant, n=14) from patients with ESCC. Single-cell RNA sequencing of previous studies and bulk RNA sequencing from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses were performed. Results Poor tumor regression was observed in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group. Radiotherapy-based regimens enhanced CD8+ T cells but diminished regulatory T cells and promoted the ratio of effector memory to central memory T cells. Immune checkpoint blockade augmented NK cell activation and cytotoxicity by increasing the frequency of CD16+ NK cells. We discovered a novel CCR4+CCR6+ macrophage subset that correlated with the enrichment of corresponding chemokines (CCL3/CCL5/CCL17/CCL20/CCL22). We established a CCR4/CCR6 chemokine-based model that stratified ESCC patients with differential overall survival and responsiveness to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy, which was validated in two independent cohorts of esophageal cancer with neoadjuvant treatment. Conclusions This work reveals that neoadjuvant therapy significantly regulates the cellular composition of the tumor immune microenvironment in ESCC and proposes a potential model of CCR4/CCR6 system to predict the benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy.
Source tomography by simulated annealing using broad‐band surface waves and geodetic data: application to the Mw= 8.1 Chile 1995 event

SUMMARY We invert surface-wave and geodetic data for the spatio-temporal complexity of slip during the Mw=8.1 Chile 1995 event by simulated annealing. This quasi-global inversion method allows for a wide exploration of model space, and retains the non-linearity of the source tomography problem. Complex source spectra are obtained from 5 to 45 mHz from first- and second-orbit fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves using an empirical Green's function cross-correlation technique. Coseismic displacement vectors were measured at 10 GPS sites near Antofagasta. They are part of a French-Chilean experiment which monitors the Northern Chile seismic gap. The spectra, together with the geodetic data, are inverted for the moment distribution on a 2-D dipping fault, under the physical constraints of slip positivity and causality. Marginal a posteriori distributions of the model parameters are obtained from several independently inverted solutions. In general, features of the slip model are well resolved. Data are well fitted by a purely unilateral southward rupture with a nearly uniform velocity around 2.5–3.0 km s−1, and a total duration of 65 s. Several regions of moment release were imaged, one near the hypocentre, a major one 80 km south of it and a minor one 160 km south of it. The major patch of moment release seemed to have propagated to relatively shallow depths near the trench, 100 km SSW of the epicentre. The region of major slip is located updip of the 1987, Mw=7.5 earthquake, suggesting a causal relationship. Most of the slip occurred updip of the hypocentre (36 km), but the entire coupled plate interface (20–40 km) ruptured during the Chile 1995 event.
Title : Morphology , morphogenesis , and molecular phylogeny of Uroleptus ( Caudiholosticha ) stueberi ( Foissner , 1987 ) comb . nov . ( Ciliophora , Hypotricha ) , and reclassi fi cation of the remaining Caudiholosticha species

Please cite this article as: Li, Fengchao, Lyu, Zhao, Li, Yanbo, Fan, Xinpeng, Al-Farraj, Saleh A. , Shao, Chen, Berger, Helmut, Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of Uroleptus (Caudiholosticha) stueberi (Foissner, 1987) comb.nov.(Ciliophora, Hypotricha), and reclassification of the remaining Caudiholosticha species.European Journal of Protistology http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ejop. 2016.08. 007
Using a volitional help sheet to increase university students' attendance at synchronous online lectures: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND A volitional help sheet (VHS) is an intervention for promoting implementation intentions. This study was the first to test the effectiveness of a VHS for increasing university students' lecture attendance. AIMS To develop a VHS to increase university students' lecture attendance and test its effectiveness at increasing the proportion of lectures attended, and promoting the maintenance of lecture attendance, over an 11-week teaching semester. SAMPLE AND METHOD One hundred and seventy-eight undergraduate students enrolled in a psychology degree programme were allocated at random to a VHS or active control condition. Prior to intervention, measures of goal intention to attend lectures and trait conscientiousness were collected using self-report, online questionnaires. Over the following 11-week teaching semester, attendance at synchronous (live) online lectures was measured. RESULTS The VHS condition attended a greater proportion of lectures and maintained their lecture attendance for longer than did the active control condition. These effects were not sensitive to underlying goal intentions, although the sample means on the measures of goal intention were approaching ceiling. Trait conscientiousness increased the effects of the VHS on the proportion of lectures attended. CONCLUSIONS VHSs constitute useful interventions for increasing and maintaining university students' lecture attendance.
Sound velocities of ferropericlase in the Earth's lower mantle

Sound velocity measurements on candidate mantle minerals at relevant mantle conditions are needed to interpret Earth's seismic structure in terms of model abundances, variable composition, and other potentially influential parameters such as electronic spin‐pairing transitions. Here the sound velocities of the lower‐mantle ferropericlase have been measured by nuclear resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering to 110 GPa. Compressional and shear wave velocities and their pressure derivatives rise dramatically across the spin‐pairing transition of iron in (Mg0.75Fe0.25)O above 50 GPa. Effects of the transition on the sound velocities of (Mg, Fe)O at lower‐mantle pressures yield values that are much greater than what is predicted by studying pure MgO and high‐spin ferropericlase. Our results indicate that sound velocities of the low‐spin ferropericlase need to be considered in future geophysical and geochemical models, which could offset the effect of the addition of iron in the lower‐mantle minerals and affect the evaluation of the lower‐mantle heterogeneities.
Bleeding Scoring Systems in Neonates: A Systematic Review

Abstract We conducted a systematic review aiming to summarize the data on the current hemorrhage prediction models and evaluate their potential for generalized application in the neonatal population. The electronic databases PubMed and Scopus were searched, up to September 20, 2023, for studies that focused on development and/or validation of a prediction model for bleeding risk in neonates, and described the process of model building. Nineteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the present review. Eighteen bleeding risk prediction models in the neonatal population were identified, four of which were internally validated, one temporally and one externally validated. The existing prediction models for neonatal hemorrhage are mostly based on clinical variables and do not take into account the clinical course and hemostatic profile of the neonates. Most studies aimed at predicting the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) reflecting the fact that IVH is the most frequent and serious bleeding complication in preterm neonates. A justification for the study sample size for developing the prediction model was given only by one study. Prediction and stratification of risk of hemorrhage in neonates is yet to be optimized. To this end, qualitative standards for model development need to be further improved. The assessment of the risk of bleeding incorporating platelet count, coagulation parameters, and a set of relevant clinical variables is crucial. Large, rigorous, collaborative cohort studies are warranted to develop a robust prediction model to inform the need for transfusion, which is a fundamental step towards personalized transfusion therapy in neonates.
Associations between early infections and childhood cognition in the Newcastle Thousand Families Study birth cohort

Abstract Childhood infections have been shown to stunt growth, contribute to malnutrition and reduce cognition in early adulthood. This study aimed to assess relationships between early life infections and childhood cognition at age 11 years in the Newcastle Thousand Families Study (NTFS). The analysis included 741 members from the NTFS who had complete data for infections between birth and 5 years, and the 11-plus examinations. School records from the 11-plus examinations showed cognitive (IQ), English (EQ) and arithmetic (AQ) abilities. Housing conditions, overcrowding, birth order and social class were recorded at birth. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was measured at age 49–51 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine relationships between infections and cognition. The total number of infections in the first 5 years of life was not significantly associated with IQ, EQ or AQ, nor were there significant relationships between cognitive outcomes and most infections. Tonsillitis did display a positive, significant association with IQ after adjustment for confounders (b = 6.43, 95% CI 0.92, 11.94, p = 0.022). Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) showed significant negative relationships with all cognitive outcomes. H. pylori seropositivity at age 50 exhibited negative, significant relationships with EQ (p = 0.014) and AQ (p = 0.024) after adjustment for confounders. Although no significant relationship between overall infections and cognition were found, there were indications that LRTIs and gastrointestinal system infections may limit cognitive development. Given these infections remain prevalent, further research regarding severity and recurrence of infections and how they affect childhood cognition is needed.
Weevil Viewer: An interactive mapping application for geographic and phenological exploration of Wisconsin's primitive weevils

Geographically referenced faunal surveys are essential for land managers, conservation biologists, and entomologists to understand the distribution and diversity of organisms in the landscape. Further, the provision of faunal surveys through online and interactive mapping tools may generate new insights into species occurrence and location, ultimately leading to better informed decisions about how best to manage these species and their habitats. With these considerations in mind, we developed Weevil Viewer, an online, interactive mapping application for displaying the results of a faunal survey conducted on the four primitive weevil families found in Wisconsin. Design of Weevil Viewer was informed by Shneiderman's information seeking mantra, providing a pair of map overviews that can be filtered or zoomed iteratively by species, location, and time to glean new insights into the faunal distribution and diversity as well as to identify potential sites for future surveys. Weevil Viewer continues to be populated with new survey information and serves as a proof-of-concept application that can be extended to support the visual exploration of other biodiversity surveys.
BAR CHANGES DUE TO STORM EVENTS USING ARGUS: LIDO DI DANTE, ITALY

In this study sand bars were analyzed using remote sensing techniques. An Argus system was installed at Lido di Dante, a small village near Ravenna, in northern Italy. The study period is between April 2003 and May 2004. Timex video images were used to analyze bar dynamics. Pixel luminosity intensity was sampled along 15 cross-shore profiles, 50m spaced. The system was perturbed by a storm event occurred in December 2003. Before this event the bars were undulated with 2 wide crescents, after the event the crescents became 5. Before and after this event the system was stable and it maintained a constant configuration. A preliminary conceptual model is presented: the system is self-organized, by redistribution of sand within a delimited longshore area, even under low energy conditions. When an energetic event occurs, the system changes, but it recovers its stable configuration within a short time (6 days).