Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological maps 2.0: a web engagement enterprise starting in London

Planners and social psychologists have suggested that the recognizability of the urban environment is linked to people's socio-economic well-being. We build a web game that puts the recognizability of London's streets to the test. It follows as closely as possible one experiment done by Stanley Milgram in 1972. The game picks up random locations from Google Street View and tests users to see if they can judge the location in terms of closest subway station, borough, or region. Each participant dedicates only few minutes to the task (as opposed to 90 minutes in Milgram's). We collect data from 2,255 participants (one order of magnitude a larger sample) and build a recognizability map of London based on their responses. We find that some boroughs have little cognitive representation; that recognizability of an area is explained partly by its exposure to Flickr and Foursquare users and mostly by its exposure to subway passengers; and that areas with low recognizability do not fare any worse on the economic indicators of income, education, and employment, but they do significantly suffer from social problems of housing deprivation, poor living conditions, and crime. These results could not have been produced without analyzing life off- and online: that is, without considering the interactions between urban places in the physical world and their virtual presence on platforms such as Flickr and Foursquare. This line of work is at the crossroad of two emerging themes in computing research - a crossroad where "web science" meets the "smart city" agenda.
Classifiers for dissimilarity-based pattern recognition

In the traditional way of learning from examples of objects the classifiers are built in a feature space. However, alternative ways can be found by constructing decision rules on dissimilarity (distance) representations, instead. In such a recognition process a new object is described by its distances to (a subset of) the training samples. In this paper, a number of methods to tackle this type of classification problem are investigated: the feature-based (interpreting the distance representation as a feature space) and rank-based (considering the given relations) decision rules. The experiments demonstrate that the feature-based (especially normal-based) classifiers often outperform the rank-based ones. This is to be expected, since summation-based distances are, under general conditions, approximately normally distributed. In addition, the support vector classifier also achieves a high accuracy.
Deep spiking networks for model-based planning in humanoids

We propose a novel bioinspired motion planning approach based on deep networks. This Deep Spiking Network (DSN) architecture couples task and joint space planning through bidirectional feedback. We show that the DSN can learn arbitrary complex functions, encode forward and inverse models, generate different solutions simultaneously and adapt dynamically to changing task constraints or environments. Furthermore, to scale to high-dimensional spaces, we introduce a factorized population coding in the model. Moreover, we show that the DSN can be trained efficiently and exclusively from human demonstrations to learn a task independent and reusable planning model. The model is evaluated in simulation and on two real high-dimensional humanoid robotic systems.
Managing cough as a defense mechanism and as a symptom. A consensus panel report of the American College of Chest Physicians.

Chest O'Byrne, RH Poe, UB Prakash, MR Pratter and BK Rubin RS Irwin, LP Boulet, MM Cloutier, R Fuller, PM Gold, V Hoffstein, AJ Ing, FD McCool, P of the American College of Chest Physicians Managing cough as a defense mechanism and as a symptom. A consensus panel report This information is current as of March 22, 2006 http://www.chestjournal. org the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. ISSN: 0012-3692. Northbrook IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed monthly since 1935. Copyright 2005 by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, CHEST is the official journal of the American College of Chest Physicians. It has been published
Secretory Carrier Membrane Protein (SCAMP) deficiency influences behavior of adult flies

Secretory Carrier Membrane Proteins (SCAMPs) are a group of tetraspanning integral membrane proteins evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals and plants. Mammalian genomes contain five SCAMP genes SCAMP1-SCAMP5 that regulate membrane dynamics, most prominently membrane-depolarization and Ca2+-induced regulated secretion, a key mechanism for neuronal and neuroendocrine signaling. However, the biological role of SCAMPs has remained poorly understood primarily owing to the lack of appropriate model organisms and behavior assays. Here we generate Drosophila Scamp null mutants and show that they exhibit reduced lifespan and behavioral abnormalities including impaired climbing, deficiency in odor associated long-term memory, and a susceptibility to heat-induced seizures. Neuron-specific restoration of Drosophila Scamp rescues all Scamp null behavioral phenotypes, indicating that the phenotypes are due to loss of neuronal Scamp. Remarkably, neuronal expression of human SCAMP genes rescues selected behavioral phenotypes of the mutants, suggesting the conserved function of SCAMPs across species. The newly developed Drosophila mutants present the first evidence that genetic depletion of SCAMP at the organismal level leads to varied behavioral abnormalities, and the obtained results indicate the importance of membrane dynamics in neuronal functions in vivo.
RSC Facilitates Rad59-Dependent Homologous Recombination between Sister Chromatids by Promoting Cohesin Loading at DNA Double-Strand Breaks

ABSTRACT Homologous recombination repairs DNA double-strand breaks by searching for, invading, and copying information from a homologous template, typically the homologous chromosome or sister chromatid. Tight wrapping of DNA around histone octamers, however, impedes access of repair proteins to DNA damage. To facilitate DNA repair, modifications of histones and energy-dependent remodeling of chromatin are required, but the precise mechanisms by which chromatin modification and remodeling enzymes contribute to homologous DNA repair are unknown. Here we have systematically assessed the role of budding yeast RSC (remodel structure of chromatin), an abundant, ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, in the cellular response to spontaneous and induced DNA damage. RSC physically interacts with the recombination protein Rad59 and functions in homologous recombination. Multiple recombination assays revealed that RSC is uniquely required for recombination between sister chromatids by virtue of its ability to recruit cohesin at DNA breaks and thereby promoting sister chromatid cohesion. This study provides molecular insights into how chromatin remodeling contributes to DNA repair and maintenance of chromatin fidelity in the face of DNA damage.
A new signal detection scheme based on Free Probability Theory for multiple-input multiple-output cognitive radio systems

Free Probability Theory (FPT) portrays a strong link between free probability and eigenvalue distributions of large random matrices. The FPT can be utilized to the digital communication systems that can be modelled by the random matrices. Especially, the asymptotic behaviour of the systems can be described by the FPT. In this paper, a new FPT detection scheme for spectrum sensing is proposed for a multiple-input multiple-output cognitive radio system. The essence of this FPT detection method is to separate the real signal from the noise background by exploiting the asymptotic free behaviour of large random matrices. The results show that new FPT detector performs better than the traditional energy detector.
Effects of orally administered delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in man

The etfects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) administered orally at 2 dose levels were studied in a group of 7 healthy young adult males. Each subiect was studied for 7 nights (2 drug, 5 placebo). Vital signs, subiective feelings, deep tendon reflexes, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, visual evoked responses, postural responses, time estimation and reaction time and sleep patterns were studied. At the doses studied, Δ9‐THC increased pulse rate, altered subjective feelings, and caused hyperreflexia and upset postural responses in the absence of visual cues. Some subjects also exhibited lowered oral temperature, changes in averaged visual evoked response, and alteration of sleep patterns.
Task-Oriented Gaming for Transfer to Prosthesis Use

The aim of this study is to establish the effect of task-oriented video gaming on using a myoelectric prosthesis in a basic activity of daily life (ADL). Forty-one able-bodied right-handed participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups. In three of these groups the participants trained to control a video game using the myosignals of the flexors and extensors of the wrist: in the Adaptive Catching group participants needed to catch falling objects by opening and closing a grabber and received ADL-relevant feedback during performance. The Free Catching group used the same game, but without augmented feedback. The Interceptive Catching group trained a game where the goal was to intercept a falling object by moving a grabber to the left and right. They received no additional feedback. The control group played a regular Mario computer game. All groups trained 20 minutes a day for four consecutive days. Two tests were conducted before and after training: one level of the training game was performed, and participants grasped objects with a prosthesis simulator. Results showed all groups improved their game performance over controls. In the prosthesis-simulator task, after training the Adaptive Catching group outperformed the other groups in their ability to adjust the hand aperture to the size of the objects and the degree of compression of compressible objects. This study is the first to demonstrate transfer effects from a serious game to a myoelectric prosthesis task. The specificity of the learning effects suggests that research into serious gaming will benefit from placing ADL-specific constraints on game development.
Identification of luminal breast cancers that establish a tumor-supportive macroenvironment defined by proangiogenic platelets and bone marrow-derived cells.

UNLABELLED Breast cancer recurrence rates vary following treatment, suggesting that tumor cells disseminate early from primary sites but remain indolent indefinitely before progressing to symptomatic disease. The reasons why some indolent disseminated tumors erupt into overt disease are unknown. We discovered a novel process by which certain luminal breast cancer (LBC) cells and patient tumor specimens (LBC "instigators") establish a systemic macroenvironment that supports outgrowth of otherwise-indolent disseminated tumors ("responders"). Instigating LBCs secrete cytokines that are absorbed by platelets, which are recruited to responding tumor sites where they aid vessel formation. Instigator-activated bone marrow cells enrich responding tumor cell expression of CD24, an adhesion molecule for platelets, and provide a source of VEGF receptor 2(+) tumor vessel cells. This cascade results in growth of responder adenocarcinomas and is abolished when platelet activation is inhibited by aspirin. These findings highlight the macroenvironment as an important component of disease progression that can be exploited therapeutically. SIGNIFICANCE Currently, processes that mediate progression of otherwise indolent tumors are not well understood, making it difficult to accurately predict which cancer patients are likely to relapse. Our findings highlight the macroenvironment as an important component of disease progression that can be exploited to more accurately identify patients who would benefit from adjuvant therapy.
Detection of functional modules from protein interaction networks

Complex cellular processes are modular and are accomplished by the concerted action of functional modules (Ravasz et al., Science 2002;297:1551–1555; Hartwell et al., Nature 1999;402:C47–52). These modules encompass groups of genes or proteins involved in common elementary biological functions. One important and largely unsolved goal of functional genomics is the identification of functional modules from genomewide information, such as transcription profiles or protein interactions. To cope with the ever‐increasing volume and complexity of protein interaction data (Bader et al., Nucleic Acids Res 2001;29:242–245; Xenarios et al., Nucleic Acids Res 2002;30:303–305), new automated approaches for pattern discovery in these densely connected interaction networks are required (Ravasz et al., Science 2002;297:1551–1555; Bader and Hogue, Nat Biotechnol 2002;20:991–997; Snel et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:5890–5895). In this study, we successfully isolate 1046 functional modules from the known protein interaction network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involving 8046 individual pair‐wise interactions by using an entirely automated and unsupervised graph clustering algorithm. This systems biology approach is able to detect many well‐known protein complexes or biological processes, without reference to any additional information. We use an extensive statistical validation procedure to establish the biological significance of the detected modules and explore this complex, hierarchical network of modular interactions from which pathways can be inferred. Proteins 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Five-Year Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Bare-Metal Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stents

Background—The main causes of late (>1 month) stent thrombosis (ST) are stent uncoverage, malapposition, and neoatherosclerosis. First-generation drug-eluting stents were associated with higher rate of late ST compared with bare-metal stents (BMS), especially in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Second-generation everolimus-eluting stents (EES) have shown similar rate of late ST than BMS. The aims of the study are to compare the ratio of uncovered to total struts per cross-section ≥30% and other optical coherence tomographic findings associated with ST between EES and BMS in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction at 5 years. Methods and Results—One hundred and sixty-nine consecutive event-free patients of the randomized EXAMINATION study (A Clinical Evaluation of Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stents in the Treatment of Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction) were screened for optical coherence tomographic imaging at 5 years. Patients with target vessel–related events or life-threatening comorbidities were excluded. Finally, 64 patients (32 EES and 32 BMS) underwent optical coherence tomographic imaging. At 5 years, uncovered struts (4.1% versus 1.0%; P<0.01), length of uncoverage (3.4 versus 1.4 mm; P=0.02), and ratio of uncovered to total struts per cross-section ≥30% (35.5% versus 9.7%; P=0.02) were larger with EES than that with BMS. Malapposed struts (1.2% versus 0.3%; P=0.02) and malapposition length (1.3 versus 0.4 mm; P=0.06) were also larger with EES. Neoatherosclerotic plaques (16.1% versus 25.8%; P=0.35) and macrophage accumulations (19.4% versus 48.4%; P=0.02) were numerically more frequent with BMS. Conclusions—Despite substantial dropout of patients, the healing pattern in event-free ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients differs between EES and BMS at 5 years. EES presented with larger amount of uncovered and malapposed struts and similar rate of neoatherosclerosis as compared with BMS. The clinical relevance of these findings warrants longer follow-up. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00828087.
Relationship between obesity and coronary heart disease among urban Bangladeshi men and women

The aim of the study was to examine the association of different measures of obesity (body mass index or BMI, waist circumference or WC, waist to hip ratio or WHR and waist height ratio or WHtR) with coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Bangladeshi population. The study included 189 hospitalized CHD cases (133 men and 52 women) and 201 controls (137 men and 68 women). Logistic regression was done to assess the associations between obesity and CHD. The mean age was 53.1 ± 8.3 for men and 51.9 ± 8.4 for women. After adjustment for confounders the odds ratio (OR) of CHD for men was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.24–2.32), 1.94 (95% CI 1.40–2.70), and 1.32 (95% CI, 1.01–2.16) per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI, WC, and WHtR respectively. The OR for women was 2.64 (CI, 1.61–4.34), 1.82 (95% CI 1.12–2.95), 2.32 (95% CI, 1.36–3.96), and 1.94 (95% CI, 1.23–3.07) per 1 SD increase in BMI, WC, WHtR and WHR respectively. Since both total obesity and abdominal adiposity were associated with development of CHD and since measurement of WC and BMI are inexpensive, both should be included in the clinical setting for CHD risk assessment for this group of population.
Evidence for increased cardiovascular events in the fathers but not mothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a familial syndrome, associated with multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Thus, parents of affected women may have a higher prevalence of CVD events than the general population. METHODS PCOS probands (n = 410) and their participating parents (n = 180 fathers and 211 mothers) were queried for CVD events in themselves and non-participating family members. In order to include the family CVD history of all parents, agreement between the proband and parental reports of CVD events was assessed. Estimated 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk was calculated using the Framingham risk calculator. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002 database was used to generate gender, age and body mass index-relevant population parameters of CVD prevalence in the USA population. RESULTS Ninety-eight percent of the parents' self-reporting of CVD events agreed with the proband's report of parental heart attack history [Kappa = 0.82; 95% CI: (0.69, 0.94)] and 99% with parental stroke history [Kappa = 0.79; 95% CI: (0.62, 0.97)]. Fathers of women with PCOS had a higher prevalence of heart attack and stroke compared with the reference NHANES population (heart attack: 11.1 versus 5.3%, P < 0.0001; stroke: 3.0 versus 1.0%, P = 0.002). Fathers of women with PCOS had an elevated 10-year risk for CHD (11.5 versus 9.9% in NHANES, P = 0.03). No statistically significant increased prevalence of CVD events or 10-year risk was noted in probands or mothers. CONCLUSIONS Fathers, and not mothers, may be disproportionately burdened with CVD in PCOS families. The strengths of this study include the size of our cohort, the consistent phenotyping and the validation of proband's reporting of parental CVD events.
Facial Expression Recognition Using Digitalised Facial Features Based on Active Shape Model

Facial Expression Recognition is a hot topic in recent years. As artificial intelligent technology is growing rapidly, to communicate with machines, facial expression recognition is essential. The recent feature extraction methods for facial expression recognition are similar to face recognition, and those caused heavy load for calculation. In this paper, Digitalized Facial Features based on Active Shape Model method is used to reduce the computational complexity and extract the most useful information from the facial image. The result shows by using this method the computational complexity is dramatically reduced, and very good performance was obtained compared with other extraction methods.
Comparison of peptide–major histocompatibility complex tetramers and dextramers for the identification of antigen-specific T cells

Fluorochrome‐conjugated peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) multimers are widely used for flow cytometric visualization of antigen‐specific T cells. The most common multimers, streptavidin–biotin‐based ‘tetramers’, can be manufactured readily in the laboratory. Unfortunately, there are large differences between the threshold of T cell receptor (TCR) affinity required to capture pMHC tetramers from solution and that which is required for T cell activation. This disparity means that tetramers sometimes fail to stain antigen‐specific T cells within a sample, an issue that is particularly problematic when staining tumour‐specific, autoimmune or MHC class II‐restricted T cells, which often display TCRs of low affinity for pMHC. Here, we compared optimized staining with tetramers and dextramers (dextran‐based multimers), with the latter carrying greater numbers of both pMHC and fluorochrome per molecule. Most notably, we find that: (i) dextramers stain more brightly than tetramers; (ii) dextramers outperform tetramers when TCR–pMHC affinity is low; (iii) dextramers outperform tetramers with pMHC class II reagents where there is an absence of co‐receptor stabilization; and (iv) dextramer sensitivity is enhanced further by specific protein kinase inhibition. Dextramers are compatible with current state‐of‐the‐art flow cytometry platforms and will probably find particular utility in the fields of autoimmunity and cancer immunology.
Using Binary Decision Diagrams to Determine Program Equivalence in a Superoptimizer.

A superoptimizer is a tool capable of generating an optimal program that computes a desired function. This thesis describes a superoptimizer that uses binary decision diagrams to determine if a generated candidate programs is equivalent to a given target program known to compute the desired function. The superoptimizer is shown to work well for generating program consisting of instructions no more complex than addition, but to perform poorly for programs containing multiplication instructions.