Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on translational invariant vague set of a 0 -semiring

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of translational invariant vague set of a (cid:2) -semiring and units, associates, prime elements with respect to a vague set. Also, we deﬁne an ideals of a (cid:2) -semiring generated by translational invariant vague set and an element and their properties are discussed. Further, we study the properties of homomorphic image and pre-image of translational invariant vague set under the (cid:2) -semiring homomorphism and we prove that every homomorphic image of a prime ideal of a (cid:2) -semiring generated by a ψ -prime element and translational invariant and f -invariant vague set is also a prime ideal
The characterization of an air pollution episode using satellite total ozone measurements

Abstract A case study is presented which demonstrates that measurements of total ozone from a space platform can be used to study a widespread air pollution episode over the southeastern United States. In particular the synoptic-scale distribution of surface-level ozone obtained from an independent analysis of ground-based monitoring stations appears to be captured by the synoptic-scale distribution of total ozone, even though ≈90% of the total ozone is in the stratosphere. Additional analyses of upper air meteorological data other satellite imagery, and in situ aircraft measurements of ozone likewise support the fact that synoptic-scale variability of tropospheric ozone is primarily responsible for the observed variability in total ozone under certain conditions. The use of the type of analysis discussed in this study may provide an important technique for understanding the global budget of tropospheric ozone.
A Theoretical Mechanism Study on the Ethylenediamine Grafting on Graphene Oxides for CO 2 Capture

The mechanism of ethylenediamine (EDA) grafting on graphene oxides (GO) for CO 2 capture is investigated in detail by Quantum chemical calculation. Theoretical results show that, for epoxy on GO, EDA can be grafted via attacking activated C atoms which are adjacent to epoxy, while for carboxyl, EDA can be grafted via attacking C atom of carboxyl directly, and the grafting reaction can be catalyzed by H 2 O and EDA. The activation energy of EDA grafting on carboxyl (23.2kcal/mol) is lower than that on epoxy (28.6kcal/mol), which indicates that carboxyl can be grafted more easily. Moreover, the activation energy of EDA de-grafting on carboxyl (50.7kcal/mol) is much higher than that on epoxy (19.8kcal/mol), which indicates that the thermal stability of EDA-carboxyl-grafted GO is much better. This illuminates that carboxyl can be grafted more effectively. The EDA grafting ability of oxygen functional groups on GO is that: carboxyl > epoxy > hydroxyl. The stronger the oxidizing ability of functional groups, the stronger the ability of amine grafting to functional groups.
Conjunction of anti‐parallel and component reconnection at the dayside MP: Cluster and Double Star coordinated observation on 6 April 2004

Previous theoretical and simulation studies have suggested that the anti‐parallel and component reconnection can occur simultaneously on the dayside magnetopause. Certain observations have also been reported to support global conjunct pattern of magnetic reconnection. Here, we show direct evidence for the conjunction of anti‐parallel and component MR using coordinated observations of Double Star TC‐1 and Cluster under the same IMF condition on 6 April, 2004. The global MR X‐line configuration constructed is in good agreement with the “S‐shape” model.
Discovery of bioactive natural products with skin beneficial properties through the exploitation of ethnobotanical studies conducted in the Balkans

Medicinal plants and herbal remedies have been used since antiquity for the treatment of numerous skin ailments, inextricably linked to obstinate pathological skin conditions (Jarić et al., 2017). Considering that traditional practices and ethnobotanical knowledge represent a key element for the discovery of new bioactive natural compounds, a profound literature study on ethnobotanical surveys conducted in areas of the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean Sea, as well as on ancient herbal manuscripts, such as Dioscorides “De Materia Medica”, has been effectuated (Tsioutsiou et al., 2022). Εthnopharmacological data on uses of medicinal plants against skin disorders were collected through the conduction of two ethnopharmacological studies. The plant species cited were collected, extracted and the extracts were evaluated for their biological properties such as antioxidant and bleaching, as well as for their total flavonoid and phenolic content. Finally, extensive phytochemical analysis was performed for the most promising ones.
Exploratory numerical experiments on the differences between genuine and “passive” turbulence

We report a selection of results of numerical experiments aiming to identify and study differences between genuine and passive turbulence with the emphasis on qualitative aspects. The main concern is with two issues: (i) The difference between production rate of vorticity and that of a solenoidal passive vector and a gradient of passive scalar with the same diffusivity, and (ii) qualitative differences in the amplification of disturbances in genuine turbulence and passive objects for statistically stationary turbulent flow. One of the differences between the evolution of vorticity and passive vectors is the consequence of nonconservation of energy of a passive vector manifested in positive production of the energy of its vector potential. The main source of differences in the amplification of disturbances is due to the nonlinearity of the equations for vorticity (and strain) resulting also in differences in the linearized equations for the disturbances of vorticity and passive vectors.
Stochastic model for thin film growth and erosion

A linearized, stochastic theory of thin film growth and erosion is presented to describe the evolution of surface roughness in the case of good layer formation far from equilibrium, as is generally found in energetic growth techniques such as ion‐assisted vapor deposition. The variation of the power spectral density and root‐mean‐square roughness is studied for growth on smooth and rough substrates.
The moderating role of vendor managed inventory on the bullwhip effect in the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract The study sought to determine the role of vendor-managed inventory and form postponement in mitigating against the bullwhip effect in the bakery industry. The bullwhip effect is referred to as demand distortions along the upstream supply chain that is caused by variances between supply and demand. The bullwhip effect was conceptualized by its indicators that are overstocking, obsolescence, and inventory holding costs. A survey of conveniently chosen 100 bakeries was conducted in the city of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. The informants for individual bakeries were competent bookkeepers or qualified accountants. A factorial MANOVA and follow-up ANOVAs using the Bonferroni method were conducted. The study indicated statistically significant main effects and interaction effects for all the factors and concluded that all the indicators of the bullwhip effect can be mitigated if bakery businesses pursued either or both of the vendor-management inventory and the form postponement strategies. The managerial implications of this study were that bakery businesses can avoid the consequences of the bullwhip effect through investing in plant and equipment that enables form postponement, and strengthen the widely practiced vendor-management strategy.
Linear phase filtering of multicomponent seismic data

The phase relationships between the vertical and horizontal components of motion at a free surface differ between the various modes of propagation. These differences in phase between the components of motion may be made the basis for a linear filtering technique to separate P, S, and Rayleigh waves when the components of motion at the free surface are recorded in reproducible form. In this paper, a set of linear filters is derived and applied to some three‐component reflection seismograph field data that separate P and Rayleigh wave motion on the basis of their phase relations between horizontal and vertical components of motion at the free surface. A comparison is made between the linear phase filtering technique, and the “Polarization Filtering” technique of Shimshoni and Smith, and a multichannel Wiener deconvolution using the vertical and horizontal components of motion as input channels.
Abnormal contact resistance reduction of bonded copper interconnects in three-dimensional integration during current stressing

Bonded copper interconnects were stressed with current to measure the specific contact resistance. For bonded copper interconnects without a prebonding HCl clean, the corresponding specific contact resistance did not change while increasing the stress current. However, for some interconnects with the prebonding HCl clean, an abnormal contact resistance reduction was observed during the increase of the stress current. The rise of temperature at the bonding interface area due to Joule heating under high current density may have caused the decrease of contact resistance. This behavior may be one option for quality enhancement in 3D integration at low temperature.
Asymptotic vibrational states of the H3+ molecular ion

Vibrational calculations for H3+ are performed using an accurate global ab initio potential energy surface. Fourteen bound states close to dissociation are found to have interesting long-range dynamics. These asymptotic vibrational states (AVS) are studied graphically by cuts through their wave functions and by calculating a rotational constant. These AVS, which overlap open system classical trajectories that form half-tori, should lead to an increased density of states near dissociation. Their influence on the infrared near-dissociation spectrum of H3+ remains to be determined.
Circle criteria in recursive identification

Positive real conditions and differential sector conditions have recently been shown to imply global convergence w.p. 1, for recursive identification schemes based on a class of single-input/single-output linear Wiener models. The models consist of linear dynamics followed by a static output nonlinearity. The model structure is hence closely related to that of the Lure problem in the stability theory of feedback systems. This paper proves that the conditions for convergence can be transformed to graphical circle criteria, depending on the sector conditions and on the Nyquist plot of a transfer function related to the prior knowledge of the poles of the identified system.
PERSONAL AND PUBLIC ASPECTS OF FORMAL PROOF: A THEORY AND A SINGLE-CASE STUDY

within a framework of students’ personal cognitive development and the view of proof in the mathematical community. The cognitive framework is based on a theory of three worlds of mathematics in which worlds of embodiment and symbolism in elementary mathematics are reconstructed as a world of formal definition and deduction. The view of proof in the mathematical community is framed by a distinction between logical formal proof, the logically-sound transformation of formal sentences, and mathematical formal proof, that is what mathematicians actually do to formulate and communicate their ideas. The theory is illustrated by a descriptive case study of an individual mathematics student, which is part of a wider multiple-case study.
Evaluation of Chitosan-Oleuropein Nanoparticles on the Durability of Dentin Bonding

Purpose To evaluate the effects of dentin pretreatment with chitosan-loaded oleuropein nanoparticles (CONPs) on the durability of resin–dentin bonding interfaces. Methods Eighty freshly extracted non-carious human third molars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20 each): a de-ionized water (DW) group, a chitosan (CS) group, a chlorhexidine (CHX) group and a CONP group. The dentin in the DW, CS, CHX, and CONP groups were pretreated with de-ionized water, 1.0 mg/L CS solution, 2% chlorhexidine solution, and CONP suspension (prepared with 100 mg/L oleuropein), respectively, followed by the universal adhesive and resin composites. The bonded teeth of each group were randomly divided into two subgroups: an immediate subgroup and an aged subgroup. The bonded teeth of each group were then cut into the bonded beams. We measured their microtensile bond strength (μTBS), observed the characteristics of bonding interface by atomic force microscope, calculated the percentage of silver particles in a selected area for interfacial nanoleakage analysis, and evaluated the endogenous gelatinase activity within the bonding interface for in-situ zymogram analysis. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison test (P < 0.05). Results Regardless of after 24 h or after thermocycling, CONP exhibited better μTBS (P < 0.05) than the other three groups except that there was not a statistical significance (P > 0.05) in the CONP and CHX groups after 24 h. Besides, the CONP group presented significantly higher modulus of elasticity in the hybrid layers (P < 0.05), lower expression of nanoleakage (P < 0.05), and better inhibitory effect of matrix metalloproteinases than the other three groups before and after thermocycling. Conclusion Altogether, the CONPs had the potential to act as a dentin primer, which could effectively improve the dentin-resin binding durability.
Teacher–researcher collaboration in a Grade Four mathematics classroom: restoring equality to students’ usage of the ‘=’ sign

This article portrays action research conducted in relation to students’ faulty use of the equality sign in a Grade Four mathematics classroom in Sweden. Substantial background on teacher–researcher collaboration that prepares ground for the action research is offered. Drawing on cultural–historical and activity theory perspectives, the conduct of activities mediated by diagrammatic objects (lappar) as cultural artefacts and students’ inscriptions in these is also provided. As a semiotic activity, the action research cycle allows students to reflect on signs, meanings and their interrelationships while working with knowledgeable others. A three-stage conclusion discusses relevant research in mathematics education, the nature of practical theory realised, and actionable knowledge thereby possible in terms of trustworthiness.
Stellar winds in the Small Magellanic Cloud

According to the predictions of line-driven stellar wind theory, the mass loss from luminous stars should be proportional to some power of the metallicity, yet previous studies have not shown this effect clearly. The authors have observed 22 main-sequence and giant O-type stars n the SMC with the low-resolution mode of the IUE in order to study the stellar winds in a particularly metal-poor galaxy. These stars are compared with carefully selected Galactic counterparts for wind terminal velocities and line strengths of C IV and N v. While the wind velocities in the SMC stars are confirmed to be systematically lower than in Galactic stars, as theory predicts, the mass-loss rates which are inferred from these data are comparable to those in the Galactic stars. The possible reasons for this result are discussed, including systematic effects in the data, assumed metal abundance, different ionization structure, and different physical parameters for the SMC stars. 32 references.
Transient differential reflection spectroscopy on quantum dot nanostructures

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Treatment of inequality constraints in power system state estimation

A new formulation of the power system state estimation problem and a new solution technique are presented. The formulation allows for inequality constraints such as VAr limits on generators and transformer tap ratio limits. In addition, unmeasured loads can be modeled as unknown but bounded quantities. The solution technique is an interior point method that uses logarithmic barrier functions to treat the inequality constraints. The authors describe computational issues arising in the implementation of the algorithm. Numerical results are given for power systems ranging in size from six to 118 buses. >
LIFE SATISFACTION, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND WORK READINESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Today's workplace needs highly skilled workers and work readiness is important as it is used to predict how much students perform in the future in terms of competency. Life satisfaction is a measure of quality of life and many studies show that it influences work readiness. As for academic achievement, the more students scored in the examination, indicating that they attain more knowledge and skills learned. In Borneo, there is still a lack of studies being carried out to investigate these three factors. Thus the aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between life satisfaction and work readiness; and academic achievement and work readiness. Two measures were used, i.e. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLC) and Work Readiness Inventory (WRI). As for academic achievement, cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of the past semester was used. The participants were 265 undergraduate students. Results showed that life satisfaction has a positive correlation with all aspects of work readiness except self-view. Results also showed that there was no significant correlation between academic achievement and work readiness with all the 6 aspects of work readiness. Academic achievement no doubt is important, but it does not have a correlation with work readiness in this study, suggesting that there are other variables, probably like on-site training such as practicum and internship are important to get students ready for work.
Albedo Features and Jovian Seismology

Schmider et al. (Schmider, F.-X., B. Mosser, and E. Fossat 1991. Astron. Astrophy. 248, 281-291) and Mosser et al. (Mosser, B., D. Mekarnia, J.P. Maillard, J. Gay, D. Gautier, and P. Delache 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 267, 604-622) report detection of Doppler shifts in reflected solar radiation from Jupiter purportedly induced by p-mode oscillations of the planet. We consider the possibility that these observations may be recording quasi-periodic albedo features in Jupiter's atmosphere rather than or in addition to jovian oscillations. We model the Fourier Transform Spectroscopy method of p-mode detection in detail and employ near-IR methane-band images of Jupiter to test the albedo feature hypothesis. The low frequency portion (<700 μHz) of the Fourier spectrum presented by Mosser et al. is indeed found to be contaminated by the photometric signal of albedo features rotating with Jupiter. Albedo features apparently are not responsible for the bulk of the higher frequency signal attributed to p -modes.
Cation Composition Influences the Toxicity of Salinity to Freshwater Biota

The effects of salinization on freshwater ecosystems have been estimated by testing sodium chloride (NaCl) since it is the most widely used salt as a deicing agent and Na+ and Cl− ions are the most representative in seawater composition. However, calcium, magnesium, and/or potassium are starting to be proposed as potential surrogates for NaCl, but for which ecotoxicological effects are less explored. This study aimed to identify (i) the less toxic salt to freshwater biota to be suggested as a safer alternative deicer and (ii) to contribute to the lower tiers of salinity risk assessment frameworks by identifying a more suitable surrogate salt than NaCl. The battery of ecotoxicity assays with five key trophic level species showed that among the tested salts (MgCl2, CaCl2, and KCl), KCl and CaCl2 seemed to induce the highest and lowest toxicity, respectively, compared with NaCl. CaCl2 is suggested as a safer alternative for use as a deicer and KCl as a surrogate for the risk assessment of seawater intrusion in coastal regions. These results enrich the salt toxicity database aiming to identify and propose more suitable surrogate salts to predict the effects of salinization to a broader extent.
A 280-μ V Temporal Noise, 76-dB Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor With an In-Pixel Chopping-Based Low-Frequency Noise Reduction Technique

In this article, a low-noise CMOS image sensor with enhanced dynamic range (DR), using an in-pixel chopping technique, is presented. The proposed in-pixel chopping reduces the low frequency or 1/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> noise of the source follower (SF) in an active pixel sensor (APS), which is a major component of the temporal noise. A conventional 3T active pixel, with an n-well/p-sub photodiode (PD), is modified to implement a chopper inside a pixel using only one additional switch. The minimum-sized nMOS transistor acting as a switch is used without much compromising the fill factor (FF). A prototype sensor, with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$128 \times 128$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixel array, is fabricated in an Austria Micro Systems (AMSs) 0.35-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS OPTO process. The pixel pitch is 10.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with an FF of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30{\%}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The measured temporal noise is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$280 \mu V_{\textbf {rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the chopping frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {f}_{\textbf {ch}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 8 MHz, which shows a reduction in the noise power by 11 dB when compared to a conventional 3T pixel. The reduced noise floor enhances the DR of the pixel from 65 to 76 dB.
Design of a single-mode tapered waveguide for low-loss chip-to-fiber coupling

The novel waveguide structures described in this paper have nonlinearly tapered shapes that result in low radiation losses despite their relatively short lengths. The core at the waveguide endface connected with the fiber has a very small cross section and an expanded mode field with a non-Gaussian shape. The taper structures are analyzed by using an improved step-transition method. This method is a based on the theory of enclosing a waveguide within electrical walls and that can therefore treat the radiation modes in a tapered waveguide as discrete mode spectra. Analyzing the relationships between the lengths and shapes of the tapers and the radiation loss due to the tapers show that appropriately tapered semiconductor waveguides operating at an optical wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m and having a taper length of less than 0.7 mm can have a radiation loss of only 0.1 dB and a coupling loss with a conventional single-mode fiber of less than 0.5 dB. >