Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Advanced Analysis Toolkit for Turbulent Bubbly Flow Simulations.

FANG, JUN. Development of Advanced Analysis Toolkit for Turbulent Bubbly Flow Simulations. (Under the direction of Dr. Igor A. Bolotnov). An understanding of turbulent two-phase flow is important due to the prevalence of this phenomenon in natural and engineering systems. In nuclear engineering, some examples include the coolant in light water reactor (LWR) fuel rod bundles, and the flow of water vapor mixture in heat exchangers. The rapid development of high-performance computing (HPC) is allowing for the increasingly large-scale high-fidelity simulations. Thanks to this favorable historical trend, direct numerical simulation (DNS), integrated with interface tracking methods (ITM), has been emerging as a valuable tool to complement and expand our ability to understand the two-phase flow phenomenon. However, in order to make best use of the largescale two-phase simulations, advanced data analysis techniques are highly desired, as they enable the extraction of detailed parameters about individual bubble behavior. Some examples of those parameters include bubble location, velocity, deformation level, and local liquid conditions. Part of the proposed flow analysis is to investigate the correlations among those parameters to improve the understanding of bubbly flow behavior. The advanced analysis toolkit would allow efficient processing of very large-scale bubbly flow simulations in complex geometries. More valuable information can be extracted as compared to the basic averaging approach. To make this analysis possible, a novel bubbletracking methodology has been developed for the level set based two-phase flow simulations. To validate the proposed approach of collecting the bubble behavior parameters, several separate simulation techniques have been developed. These include: (1) estimation of interfacial forces; (2) in-situ visualization; (3) simulation steering and others. The turbulent bubbly flows in a single PWR subchannel have been studied at various Reynolds numbers with both conventional and advanced analysis approaches. The major objective of the present work is to develop new data analysis techniques in order to study representative turbulent two-phase flow problems in nuclear engineering using a DNS/ITM approach. Taking into account DNS prediction capability (based on first-principles calculations) and rapid advancement of HPC, DNS/ITM approach will hopefully serve as ‘virtual experiments’ to help fill the knowledge gap between current understanding of turbulent two-phase flows and that required for future engineering applications. From this perspective, the bubble tracking methodology is believed to pave a new way towards the fundamental understanding of complex turbulent two-phase flows of interest.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN APACHE II AND RANSON’S SCORING SYSTEMS IN PREDICTING THE SEVERITY OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS

Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to compare the Ranson’s scoring system with APACHE II score in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Methods: 50 cases having acute pancreatitis were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Institutional ethical committee was approved the study. The duration of study was 2 years. Informed consent was obtained from the patients. Assessment of severity of pancreatitis was done on the basis of Ranson’s scoring as well as APACHE II score. Final severity score of the patients on the basis of both the scoring systems was assessed to determine the efficacy of each scoring system in predicting the severity. Results: Out of these 50 cases, there were 37 (74%) males and 13 (26%) females. The mean age of affected cases was found to be 36.86±7.91 years. The most common etiological factor was chronic alcoholism which was seen in 22 (44%) patients followed by biliary tract disease or stones (24%), hypertriglyceridemia (14%), post ERCP (2%), idiopathic (14%), and autoimmune pancreatitis (2%). Mild and severe pancreatitis was seen in 35 (70%) and 15 (30%), respectively. APACHE II score was found to be having more sensitivity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of severe pancreatitis as compared to Ranson’s score. There was no significant difference in specificity, negative predictive value, and accuracy as determined by Ranson’s and APACHE II Score. Conclusion: APACHE II score is better in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis as it is found to have a better sensitivity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of severe pancreatitis as compared to Ranson’s score.
Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting

Advances in electronic and consumer technology are increasing the need for smaller, more efficient energy sources. Thus vibration-based energy harvesting, the scavenging of energy from existing ambient vibration sources and its conversion to useful electrical power, is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional power sources such as batteries. Energy harvesting devices have been developed based on a number of electro-mechanical coupling mechanisms and their design must be optimized to produce the maximum output for given environmental conditions. While the role of nonlinearities in the components has been shown to be significant in terms of the overall device efficiency, few studies have systematically investigated their influence on the system performance. Crawley and Anderson (1990) provided experimental evidence that a linear model for the piezoelectric coupling coefficient was not valid when large strains were applied. This was again seen in the work of du Toit (2005), who modeled and designed a MEMS piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. He noticed that his model, based on linear constitutive relations for the piezoelectric material, consistently under-predicted the experimental voltage produced from his device. Therefore, this thesis concentrates on the effects of nonlinear piezoelectric coupling models on the power output of an electromechanical energy harvester. An analytical study of
Controlled-release testing of the static chamber methodology for direct measurements of methane emissions

Abstract. Direct measurements of methane emissions at the component level provide the level of detail necessary for the development of actionable mitigation strategies. As such, there is a need to understand the magnitude of component-level methane emission sources and to test methane quantification methods that can capture methane emissions at the component level used in national inventories. The static chamber method is a direct measurement technique that has been applied to measure large and complex methane sources, such as oil and gas infrastructure. In this work, we compile methane emission factors from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Emission Factor Database in order to understand the magnitude of component-level methane flow rates, review the tested flow rates and measurement techniques from 40 controlled-release experiments, and perform 64 controlled-release tests of the static chamber methodology with mass flow rates of 1.02, 10.2, 102, and 512 g h−1 of methane. We vary the leak properties, chamber shapes, chamber sizes, and use of fans to evaluate how these factors affect the accuracy of the static chamber method. We find that 99 % of the component-level methane emission rates from the IPCC Emission Factor Database are below 100 g h−1 and that 77 % of the previously available controlled-release experiments did not test for methane mass flow rates below 100 g h−1. We also find that the static chamber method quantified methane flow rates with an overall accuracy of +14/-14 % and that optimal chamber configurations (i.e., chamber shape, volume, and use of fans) can improve accuracy to below ±5 %. We note that smaller chambers (≤20 L) performed better than larger-volume chambers (≥20 L), regardless of the chamber shape or use of fans. However, we found that the use of fans can substantially increase the accuracy of larger chambers, especially at higher methane mass flow rates (≥100 g h−1). Overall, our findings can be used to engineer static chamber systems for future direct measurement campaigns targeting a wide range of sources, including landfills, sewerage utility holes, and oil and natural gas infrastructure.
Automatic Portmanteau Tests with Applications to Market Risk Management

In this article, we review some recent advances in testing for serial correlation, provide code for implementation, and illustrate this code's application to market risk forecast evaluation. We focus on the classic and widely used portmanteau tests and their data-driven versions. These tests are simple to implement for two reasons: First, the researcher does not need to specify the order of the tested autocorrelations, because the test automatically chooses this number. Second, its asymptotic null distribution is chi-squared with one degree of freedom, so there is no need to use a bootstrap procedure to estimate the critical values. We illustrate the wide applicability of this methodology with applications to forecast evaluation for market risk measures such as value-at-risk and expected shortfall.
Reasonable adjustment, unfair advantage or optional extra? Teaching staff attitudes towards reasonable adjustments for students with disabilities

This article explores staff awareness and confidence in implementing reasonable adjustments for students with disabilities in higher education (HE) contexts from a variety of faculty staff at one institution. The duty for UK HE providers to make reasonable adjustments was included in the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 and later transposed into the Equality Act in 2010. This project aimed to explore current levels of teaching staff awareness concerning implementing reasonable adjustments for students with disabilities. Alongside this, the project also sought to better understand the attitudes towards reasonable adjustments that teaching staff currently hold. A small-scale survey-based study was conducted between July 2020 and October 2020, gaining qualitative and quantitative data from 38 staff members across one HE provider. The data reveals staff committed to assisting students to access education. However, as with other literature, our findings demonstrate that there are high levels of anxiety around reasonable adjustments and a desire for further training and support. Significantly, the data also indicated a lack of understanding of the requirement to make reasonable adjustments as a legal obligation and duty as a means of combatting discrimination and exclusion.
Super mean labeling of some subdivision graphs

Throughout this paper, by a graph we mean a finite, undirected and simple graph. Let G(V,E) be a graph with p vertices and q edges. For notations and terminology we follow [2]. The path on n vertices is denoted by Pn and a cycle on n vertices is denoted by Cn. A triangular snake is obtained from a path by identifying each edge of the path with an edge of the cycle C3. The graph Cm@Cn is obtained by identifying an edge of Cm with an edge of Cn. The slanting ladder SLn is a graph obtained from two paths u1u2 . un and v1v2 . vn by joining each ui with vi+1, 1 ≤ i ≤ n − 1. The H-graph of a path Pn, denoted by Hn is the graph obtained from two copies of Pn with vertices v1, v2, . , vn and u1, u2, . , un by joining the vertices vn+1 2 and un+1 2 if n is odd and the vertices vn 2 +1 and un 2 if n is even. The corona of a graph G on p vertices v1, v2, . , vp is the graph obtained from G by adding p new vertices u1, u2, . , up
Distribution of Epstein–Barr Virus LMP1 Variants in Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis and Association with Selected Biochemical and Hematological Parameters

The molecular diversity of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is exceptionally complex and based on the characterization of sequences coding for several viral genes. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of EBV types 1 and 2 and to characterize LMP1 variants in a cohort of 73 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), as well as to investigate a possible association between viral diversity and relevant clinical parameters. Population-based sequencing of EBNA-2 gene showed the presence of EBV type 1 in all IM patients. Analysis of LMP1 gene found a restricted repertoire of LMP1 variants with the predominance of wild-type B95-8, China1, Mediterranean and North Carolina variants with the presence of more than one LMP1 variant in 16.4% of patients. Co-infections with different LMP1 variants were associated with significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein and lower levels of maximal neutrophil counts and minimal platelet count. The results of this study have shown a narrow repertoire of LMP1 variants and an exclusive presence of EBV type 1 in a cohort of IM from Croatia, suggesting a characteristic local molecular pattern of this virus. The clinical importance of distinct immunobiological features of IM patients with LMP1 variant co-infections needs to be investigated further.
New Snow-Physics to Complement SSiB: Part I: Design and Evaluation with ISLSCP Initiative I Datasets

In evaluation(s) as a part of the Global Soil Wetness Project using ISLSCP Initiative-I data, the snowmelt in SSiB in the Russian Wheat Belt region (RWB) was found to be substantially delayed, with very deficient meltwater infiltration as compared to observations. Furthermore, most of the meltwater emerged as runoff, as opposed to soil moisture recharge. The deficiency emanated from the crudeness of snowphysics of the combined snow and ground layer of SSiB. In the current work, a new snow model employing a separate snow-layer was included. The snow-pack absorbs and transmits the incoming solar flux, thereby affecting the snow and ground temperatures through the winter and snow-melt periods. In the ISLSCP Initiative-I data evaluations, the snow-melt over the RWB region occurs 2-3 weeks sooner in the new model, and its soil thaws quite early in the snow-melt duration, which helps to infiltrate more meltwater into the soil. The new-model produces a more realistic simulation of soil-moisture, as well as Volga river runoff in RWB evaluations. Some residual delay in the snow-melt (varying from 1-4 weeks) seems to be related to the following: (1) inaccuracies in the satellite retrievals of snow under dense forest canopies; (2) the modeling assumptions, e.g., neglecting the influence of snow aging on its thermal diffusivity, and simplifications in absorption of solar-flux in the snow cover, leading to an inadequate distinction between snow-pack surface and mean temperatures; and, (3) possible cold bias of the ISLSCP surface air temperature data.
Computational study of pulse propagation in photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier

Abstract. A theoretical analysis of photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier (PC-SOA) is presented. The proposed model is based on rate and propagation equations. The analysis is carried out using two input signal regimes of constant and Gaussian waves. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, temporal and spatial variation of picosecond pulses have not been previously investigated in active PC medium. The effect of injection current, group index, and amplifier length variation on the output signal and amplifier gain is investigated. Based on the results, temporal peak shift, chirp, and spectral width increased in low current regime compared to conventional SOAs. It is also demonstrated that short length PC-SOA can be used as a preamplifier in photonic integrated circuits.
Observation of spin and orbital rotation of red blood cell in dual-beam fibre-optic trap with transverse offset

The spin and orbital rotation of the red blood cell (RBC) are achieved simultaneously by introducing a transverse offset to the dual-beam fibre-optic trap. The motion type of the captured RBC could be controlled by adjusting the offset distance. When the offset distance is relatively small, the RBC is observed to spin in the trap centre, with the spin frequency increasing linearly with the offset distance. Once the offset distance is above a critical value, the RBC will rotate along an elliptic orbit, together with the spin motion. The orbital rotation frequency and spin frequency both decrease with the increased offset distance. This technique allows mixing and viewing living cells from different perspectives concurrently without exposing them to any mechanical contact, and is generally applicable to biological and medical research.
Export-led growth hypothesis: New evidence from Nigeria

This study investigated the export-led growth hypothesis in Nigeria. The study examined the long-run and short-run equilibrium relationships between exports; imports and economic growth over the study period. The study used Johansen co-integration technique, granger causality, and vector error correction mechanism in the analysis of data. The variables used were found to have the same order of integration and the empirical evidence strongly suggested the existence of long-run co-integration relationship among import, export and economic growth in Nigeria. The study also found causality running from export to import and from economic growth to import. However, there was no empirical evidence in support of the export-led growth hypothesis. The study recommended that Nigerian export base should be expanded by given more attention to non-oil sector of the economy to augment the oil sector.
Hierarchia ważności czynników techniczno-organizacyjnych w odniesieniu do efektywności obsługi serwisowej ciągników rolniczych

Wyznaczono hierarchię ważności różnorodnych czynników techniczno-organizacyjnych w odniesieniu do efektywności obsługi serwisowej ciągników rolniczych z wykorzystaniem metody ekspercko-matematycznej. Hierarchię ważności badanych parametrów stanowią priorytety systemowe (wartości wyrażone w procentach) wszystkich celów drugiego i trzeciego poziomu, które to wartości wyznaczają stopień realizacji celu głównego (efektywności pracy ciągników rolniczych).
Electromagnetic scattering from inhomogeneous objects embedded in spherically multilayered media solved by the method of moments

The method of moments (MOM) is applied to solve electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems in spherically multilayered media. A spectral‐domain dyadic Green's function (DGF) in a spherically multilayered medium is constructed in terms of the spherical vector wave functions by using the method of scattering superposition in the spherical coordinate system. Its expression is later transformed to that in the Cartesian coordinate. We discretize the computational domain which contains the scatterer into N size‐independent cells in the Cartesian coordinate. Based on the transformed DGFs, the volume integral equations can be solved by MOM combined with Krylov subspace iterative methods. In this letter, we choose the bi‐conjugate gradient stabilized (BCGS) iteration method due to its fast convergence. Numerical results compared with FDTD solutions from a commercial software are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of our method. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:526–530, 2017
Analysis of Rain Variability Using the Daily and Monthly Concentration Indexes in Southeastern Brazil

Daily and monthly rainfall was analyzed by the Concentration Index (CI) of [1] and the Annual Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) of [2] in southeastern Brazil. About 120 rainfall stations were used in the period from 1976 to 2010. Data were obtained from the National Water Agency (ANA). These data were selected by observing their spatial and temporal distribution in the study area. In general, the Concentration Index and the Precipitation Concentration Index were consistent for the study of rainfall variability in the study area. High percentages of annual rainfall concentration in a few very rainy days can increase the risk of flooding and soil instability. In this work, a survey of the spatial and temporal patterns of daily and monthly rainfall concentration in southeast Brazil was conducted. The results showed a relatively homogeneous temporal distribution of daily rainfall in the study area. In addition, the Mann-Kendall test showed a clear trend towards a seasonal rainfall distribution.
Optical coherence tomography imaging can identify Merino lambs’ wool using automatic machine learning vision

Merino lambs’ wool fiber has a unique chemical structure that gives the wool many unique properties and technical benefits. For example, the small fiber diameters mean that Merino wool is soft, countering the scratchiness commonly associated with wool. It is also biodegradable, organic, and environmentally friendly, making it a popular choice of sustainable fabric material. Unfortunately, some fiber sellers unduly sell coarse wool tops to wool yarn factories as Merino wool tops. It is, therefore, an important task to identify the actual wool type for quality assurance in the textile manufacturing process. This paper describes applying the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and automatic machine learning (AutoML) techniques for distinguishing Merino wool from coarse wool. We present the results of wool measurements that were performed by the OCT scans and AutoML algorithms. We conclude that OCT imaging and AutoML algorithms can be applied to distinguish Merino wool from coarse wool in a simple, non-destructive, and contactless manner.
Exploring the spatial correlation between accessibility to urban vibrancy centers and housing price from a time-dynamic perspective

ABSTRACT Urban vibrancy is an important indicator of urban prosperity. Evaluating the correlation between urban vibrancy and housing prices is increasingly necessary. However, most studies have ignored the temporal characteristics of urban vibrancy and only considered its spatial nature. This study optimizes the identification model of urban vibrancy centers and proposes a novel model for evaluating the time-dynamic accessibility of urban vibrancy centers. The model takes into account real-time changes in travel costs and analyses its spatial correlation with housing prices. The case study of Chengdu shows significant variations in the spatiotemporal distribution of urban vibrancy centers. High-vibrancy areas are concentrated near commercial complexes. The time distribution of urban vibrancy accessibility is more concentrated at night (18:00–24:00), and the high-accessibility areas are located around the old city and the newly planned Central Business District in the south. Housing prices and urban vibrancy centers accessibility are mainly negatively correlated spatially. The study emphasizes the temporal nature of urban vibrancy and accessibility and enriches the evaluation model of urban vibrancy centers. It also contributes to the improvement of the framework of urban vibrancy research and deepens the understanding of the important variable of “time” in urban planning.
Understanding What in Public Understanding of Science

Abstract What should citizens understand about science to participate in democratic life? Against the prevailing approach, we argue that “what” a public understanding of science is about strongly depends on the specific epistemological nature of the science related issues considered in different contexts and circumstances. We identify three specific categories of such issues and show how, equally, specific models of public understanding are required to address them. Only by endorsing such an alternative approach will citizens arguably be able to form sound opinions about those very issues, as well as to discuss and deliberate rationally about them.