Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeting Natural Killer Cell Reactivity by Employing Antibody to NKp46: Implications for Type 1 Diabetes

Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate lymphoid cells. Their cytotoxic activity is regulated by the delicate balance between activating and inhibitory signals. NKp46 is a member of the primary activating receptors of NK cells. We previously reported that the NKp46 receptor is involved in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Subsequently, we hypothesized that blocking this receptor could prevent or hinder disease development. To address this goal, we developed monoclonal antibodies for murine NKp46. One mAb, named NCR1.15, recognizes the mouse homologue protein of NKp46, named Ncr1, and was able to down-regulate the surface expression of NKp46 on primary murine NK cells following antibody injection in vivo. Additionally, NCR1.15 treatments were able to down-regulate cytotoxic activity mediated by NKp46, but not by other NK receptors. To test our primary assumption, we examined T1D development in two models, non-obese diabetic mice and low-dose streptozotocin. Our results show a significantly lower incidence of diabetic mice in the NCR1.15-treated group compared to control groups. This study directly demonstrates the involvement of NKp46 in T1D development and suggests a novel treatment strategy for early insulitis.
SyncPerf: Categorizing, Detecting, and Diagnosing Synchronization Performance Bugs

Despite the obvious importance, performance issues related to synchronization primitives are still lacking adequate attention. No literature extensively investigates categories, root causes, and fixing strategies of such performance issues. Existing work primarily focuses on one type of problems, while ignoring other important categories. Moreover, they leave the burden of identifying root causes to programmers. This paper first conducts an extensive study of categories, root causes, and fixing strategies of performance issues related to explicit synchronization primitives. Based on this study, we develop two tools to identify root causes of a range of performance issues. Compare with existing work, our proposal, SyncPerf, has three unique advantages. First, SyncPerf's detection is very lightweight, with 2.3% performance overhead on average. Second, SyncPerf integrates information based on callsites, lock variables, and types of threads. Such integration helps identify more latent problems. Last but not least, when multiple root causes generate the same behavior, SyncPerf provides a second analysis tool that collects detailed accesses inside critical sections and helps identify possible root causes. SyncPerf discovers many unknown but significant synchronization performance issues. Fixing them provides a performance gain anywhere from 2.5% to 42%. Low overhead, better coverage, and informative reports make SyncPerf an effective tool to find synchronization performance bugs in the production environment.
Organizational Culture and Organization Based Self-Esteem As Predictors of Spirit at Work

This study aims to investigate the relationships between organizational cultures, spirit at work, and organization based self-esteem among academicians, and whether organization based self-esteem mediates the relationship between organizational culture and spirit at work. A cross-sectional design was employed, and data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey. Based on the convenience sampling, 417 academicians answered the questionnaire in public and private universities located in Turkey. To analyze the data descriptive statistics, Pearson coefficient, simple and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Feminine organizational culture has more positive contribution on experiencing spirit at work than masculine organizational culture. Moreover, organization based self-esteem does not mediate the relationship between types of organizational culture and spirit at work. Results suggest that organizations hoping to enhance their employee‟s spirit at work could focalize creating an organizational environment that fosters employee spirit at work. The originality of this paper is that it creates awareness and emphasizes potential contributors that foster an individual‟s experience of spirit at work.
Quantitative Scrutinization of Aflatoxins in Different Spices from Pakistan

The current research work aimed to access the contamination level of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in the household spices that are widely consumed in huge amounts. 200 different spice samples, 100 packed and 100 unpacked, were analyzed for the aflatoxins profile by HPLC with an incidence of 61.5% contamination out of which 53.66% samples exceed the EU limit. The results disclosed that the unpacked samples are more contaminated as compared to the packed samples except for white cumin seeds. Among packed and unpacked samples of spices, the maximum value of aflatoxins was detected in fennel, that is, 27.93 μg/kg and 67.04 μg/kg, respectively. The lowest concentration of aflatoxin was detected in cinnamon in packed form (0.79 μg/kg) and in the unpacked samples of white cumin seeds which is 1.75 μg/kg. Caraway seeds and coriander in its unpacked form showed positive results whereas black pepper (packed and unpacked) was found free from aflatoxins. This is the first report on the occurrence of aflatoxins in packed and unpacked samples of spices from Pakistan. To ensure safe consumption of spices, there should be constant monitoring of aflatoxin and more studies need to be executed with the intention of preventing mycotoxin accretion in this commodity.
FORECASTS USING MIXED RP / SP MODELS : SOME NEW EVIDENCE

The application of discrete choice models estimated at the individual level to forecast different transport strategic policies is common practice. However, as long as we move towards more complex demand models their specification as a prediction tool is not immediate. We analyse the problem of forecasting with models estimated with non-linear utility functions and/or mixed revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) data. We analyse how sensitive are predictions to the class of models used, for different transport strategies designed for the metropolitan area of Cagliari.
Operator product expansion of Wilson surfaces from M5-branes

The operator product expansion (OPE) of the Wilson surface operators in six-dimensional (2, 0) superconformal field theory is studied from AdS/CFT correspondence in this paper. We compute the OPE coefficients of the chiral primary operators using the M5-brane description for spherical Wilson surface operators in higher dimensional representations. We use the non-chiral M5-brane action in our calculation. We also discuss their membrane limit, and compare our results with the ones obtained from membrane description.
Randomized Priority Queues for Fast Parallel Access

We present simple randomized algorithms for parallel priority queues on distributed memory machines. Inserting O(n) elements or deleting the O(n) out ofmsmallest elements usingnprocessors requires O(Tcoll+ log(m/n)) amortized time with high probability whereTcollbounds the time for performing prefix sums and randomized routing. The memory requirement is bounded by (m/n)(1 +o(1)) + O(logn) whp. These bounds are an improvement over the best previously known algorithms for many interconnection networks and even matches the speed of the best known PRAM algorithms. Generalizations for accessing thek? nsmallest elements are even more efficient. A portable implementation using MPI demonstrates that our approach is already useful for medium scale parallelism. Two parallel selection algorithms for randomly placed data are a spin-off. One runs in time O(Tcoll) with high probability, beating a lower bound for the worst case. The other requires only a single reduction operation.
1 ORGANIZATIONAL LANGUAGES

The paper is concerned with communication within a team of players trying to react to information dispersed among them. The problem is nontrivial because they cannot communicate all information, but have to use coarse codes. The paper argues that members gain compatibility advantages by using identical codes, but that this may limit the ability of large teams to adapt to heterogeneous environments. This argument is made in four steps. (1) It is easier to integrate the messages of two members if they use the same code, even if decoding is not a problem. (2) In games where members decide on their codes individually, then for any code, there exists a symmetric equilibrium in which all members use that code. (3) When local environments are heterogeneous, it may be efficient if different members of larger teams use different codes. (4) If the probabilities of alternative equilibria are influenced by which communication channels are open, it may be better to reduce the size of the team by cutting off some communication.
Human dimensions of climate change: the vulnerability of small farmers in the Amazon

This paper argues for a twofold perspective on human adaptation to climate change in the Amazon. First, we need to understand the processes that mediate perceptions of environmental change and the behavioural responses at the levels of the individual and the local population. Second, we should take into account the process of production and dissemination of global and national climate information and models to regional and local populations, especially small farmers. We discuss the sociocultural and environmental diversity of small farmers in the Amazon and their susceptibility to climate change associated with drought, flooding and accidental fire. Using survey, ethnographic and archival data from study areas in the state of Pará, we discuss farmers' sources of knowledge and long-term memory of climatic events, drought and accidental fire; their sources of climate information; their responses to drought and fire events and the impact of changing rainfall patterns on land use. We highlight the challenges of adaptation to climate change created by the influence of migration and family turnover on collective action and memory, the mismatch of scales used to monitor and disseminate climate data and the lack of extension services to translate large-scale forecasts to local needs. We found that for most farmers, memories of extended drought tend to decrease significantly after 3 years. Over 50% of the farmers interviewed in 2002 did not remember as significant the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drought of 1997/1998. This helps explain why approximately 40% of the farmers have not changed their land-use behaviours in the face of the strongest ENSO event of the twentieth century.
Fundus Autofluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Purpose. To describe the findings of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods. In this institutional, retrospective, observational case series, FAF was evaluated in 65 eyes with BRVO in 64 consecutive patients and compared with visual acuity, OCT findings, and other clinical observations. Results. Five types of autofluorescence appeared during the course of BRVO: (1) petaloid-shaped hyperautofluorescence in the area of macular edema and (2) hyperautofluorescence coincident with yellow subretinal deposits. (3) Diffuse hyperautofluorescence appeared within the area of serous retinal detachment (SRD) and OCT showed precipitates on the undersurface of the retina in 5/5 of these eyes (100%). (4) The area of vein occlusion showed diffuse hyperautofluorescence after resolution of the retinal bleeding. (5) Hard exudates exhibited hyper- or hypoautofluorescence. OCT indicated that most of the hard exudates with hyperautofluorescence were located on the retinal pigment epithelium. Conclusions. Hyperautofluorescence associated with subretinal fluid or hard exudate appeared in the subretinal space. This type of hyperautofluorescence may be attributed to blood cell or macrophages. FAF and OCT are noninvasive modalities that provide additional information regarding macular edema due to BRVO.
Faster Energy Efficient Dadda Based Baugh-Wooley Multipliers

In this work faster Baugh-Wooley multiplication has been achieved by using a combination of two design techniques: partition of the partial products into two parts for independent parallel column compression and acceleration of the final addition using a hybrid adder proposed in this work. Based on the proposed techniques 8, 16, 32 and 64-bit Dadda based Baugh-Wooley multipliers has been developed and compared with the regular Baugh-Wooley multiplier. The performance of the proposed multiplier is analyzed by evaluating the delay, area and power, with 180 nm process technologies on interconnect and layout using industry standard design and layout tools. The result analysis shows that the 64-bit proposed multiplier is as much as 26.9% faster than the regular Baugh-Wooley multiplier and requires only 2.21% more power. Also the power-delay product of the proposed design is significantly lower than that of the regular Baugh-Wooley multiplier.
Technological revolution meets policy and the market: Explaining cross‐national differences in agricultural biotechnology regulation

This paper is now published as:Bernauer, Thomas, Meins, Erika. 2003. Technological Revolution Meets Policy and the Market: Explaining Cross-National Differences in Agricultural Biotechnology Regulation. European Journal of Political Research 42/5:643-683.Please read and cite the published version.The development and marketing of agricultural biotechnology applications has led to controversies over whether and how to regulate this new technology. In response, the European Union has imposed severe restrictions on agricultural biotechnology, particularly in terms of approval and labeling of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food. In stark contrast, the United States maintains a far more permissive approval policy and does not require labeling. This article explains these differences in terms of the collective action capacity of consumer and producer interests, as well as the institutional environment in which regulation takes place. We find that the regulatory outcome in the EU can be traced back to NGOs' increased collective action capacity, an institutional environment favorable to NGO interests, and rifts in the producer coalition due to differences in industrial structure and consumer and NGO opposition. U.S. biotechnology politics is dominated by a strong and cohesive coalition of pro-biotech agricultural and up- and downstream producers. Low public concern and high trust in regulatory authorities have made mobilization of NGOs in the U.S. difficult and have resulted largely in their exclusion from the policy process.
Experimental Validation of the Sensitivity of Waveguide Grating Based Refractometric (Bio)sensors

Despite the fact that the theoretical foundations of the sensitivity of waveguide grating based (bio)sensors are well-known, understood and their implications anticipated by the scientific community since several decades, to our knowledge, no prior publication has experimentally confirmed waveguide sensitivity for multiple film thicknesses, wavelengths and polarization of the propagating light. In this paper, the bulk refractive index sensitivity versus waveguide thickness of said refractometric sensors is experimentally determined and compared with predictions based on established theory. The effective refractive indices and the corresponding sensitivity were determined via the sensors’ coupling angles at different cover refractive indices for transverse electric as well as transverse magnetic polarized illumination at various wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared. The theoretical sensitivity was calculated by solving the mode equation for a three layer waveguide.
Abnormal Savda Munziq, an Herbal Preparation of Traditional Uighur Medicine, May Prevent 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-Induced Rat Colon Carcinogenesis

The study tried to assess the chemoprotective effect of abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Male F344 rats were randomized into eight groups: Group 1 was served as control, no DMH injection was given and treated daily with normal saline. Rats in Groups 2–8 were given a single intraperitoneal injection of DMH (20 mg/kg body weight) at the beginning of the study. Group 2 was served as negative control, administered with normal saline until the end of the experiment after the single DMH injection. Groups 3–5 were served as pretreatment group, administered with ASMq ethanol extract at 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, until the 45th day, continued by normal saline administration for another 45 days. Groups 6–8 were served as the treatment group, administered with normal saline for the first 45 days from the day of DMH injection, ASMq ethanol extract at three different doses to be administered until the end of the second 45th day. All rats were sacrificed at 91st day and the colons were analyzed for aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and crypt multiplicity. Results showed that ASMq ethanol extract reduced the number of ACF, AC and crypt multiplicity significantly (P < .05). It suggested that ASMq ethanol extract had chemoprotective effects on DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis, by suppressing the development of preneoplastic lesions, and probably exerted protection against the initiation and promotion steps of colon carcinogenesis.
A platelet W-band feed horn-OMT assembly

Future Cosmic Microwave Background polarisation experiments will require large detector arrays to achieve the required sensitivity for precise measurements. New cost- and time-effective techniques are required for mass production of high performance passive components. We present electromagnetic test results on an assembly of feed horn and OMT prototypes, operating in the W-band and fabricated by means of “platelet” technique. The good level of isolation and return loss (respectively >45 dB, >30 dB on 20% bandwidth) for both polarizations are in agreement with numerical simulations, indicating good matching between components. Radiation patterns are also in agreement with simulations, with cross-polarization level <; -30 dB on a 20% bandwidth. These results confirm the good design, manufacturing and assembling of the prototypes.
DNA-Free Genetically Edited Grapevine and Apple Protoplast Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins

The combined availability of whole genome sequences and genome editing tools is set to revolutionize the field of fruit biotechnology by enabling the introduction of targeted genetic changes with unprecedented control and accuracy, both to explore emergent phenotypes and to introduce new functionalities. Although plasmid-mediated delivery of genome editing components to plant cells is very efficient, it also presents some drawbacks, such as possible random integration of plasmid sequences in the host genome. Additionally, it may well be intercepted by current process-based GMO regulations, complicating the path to commercialization of improved varieties. Here, we explore direct delivery of purified CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to the protoplast of grape cultivar Chardonnay and apple cultivar such as Golden delicious fruit crop plants for efficient targeted mutagenesis. We targeted MLO-7, a susceptible gene in order to increase resistance to powdery mildew in grape cultivar and DIPM-1, DIPM-2, and DIPM-4 in the apple to increase resistance to fire blight disease. Furthermore, efficient protoplast transformation, the molar ratio of Cas9 and sgRNAs were optimized for each grape and apple cultivar. The targeted mutagenesis insertion and deletion rate was analyzed using targeted deep sequencing. Our results demonstrate that direct delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs to the protoplast system enables targeted gene editing and paves the way to the generation of DNA-free genome edited grapevine and apple plants.
Configuration and Demonstration of Relay-Enhanced Technique in LTE-Advanced Systems

LTE (Long Term Evolution) specified by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) as very high flexible for radio interfacing. LTE deployment started in the last of 2009 and the first LTE release is providing greatest rate reaches to 300 Mbps, delay of radio network not as much of as 5 msec, a spectrum significant increasing in efficiency of spectrum if comparing with any other cellular systems, and a different regular architecture in radio network that is designed to shorten the operations and to decreasing the cost. Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) network is the continuation of 3GPP-LTE and it targets to advanced develop of the requirements of LTE in terms of throughput and coverage. Recently, LTE-Advanced network is the promised candidate for 4G cellular systems to run into top rates of data reaches to 100 Mbps with high mobility and 1Gbps with low mobility, where that are wanted in 4G system. Furthermore, LTE-Advanced must be capable to upkeep broader bandwidth than it provided by LTE. This article offered the architecture and the model of LTE-Advanced with the configurations of the relay-Enhanced technology used in this system that are improved to enhance the radio signal between the mobile station and the base station in LTE-Advanced system.
Fault Prediction in Object Oriented System Using the Coupling and Cohesion of Classes

Building efficient systems is one of the main challenges for software developers, who have been concerned with dependability-related issues as they built and deployed. Lots of changes often needs including the nature of faults and failures and the complexity of systems. Sometimes accepting minor errors always need efforts to eliminate faults that might cause them is in the core of dependability. To this end various fault tolerance mechanisms have been investigated by researchers and used in industry. Unfortunately, more often than not these solutions exclusively focus on the implementation, ignoring other development phases, most importantly the earlier ones. This creates a dangerous gap between the requirement to build dependable (and fault prediction) systems and the fact that it is not dealt with until the implementation step. A current software engineering gives attention towards only normal behavior with assumption that all faults can be removed during development. In fact every phase SDLC needs to be focused with phase-specific fault detection means.
Parallel algorithm of MCQoS routing based on improved PSRS and binary search

The multifold QoS requirements of multimedia applications make QoS provisioning extremely challenging, largely due to the NP-hard Multi-Constrained QoS (MCQoS) computation problem. A Nonlinear 0-1 program formulation of QoS routing problem with delay, loss possibility and cost constraints has been given. Other additive and multiple parameters all can be treated following this formulation by adding corresponding constraints. A parallel MCQoS routing algorithm based on improved Parallel Sorting by Regular Sampling (PSRS) and binary search has been proposed to solve the formulation of this MCQoS model. Numerical tests show that this novel parallel algorithm has the speedup near to number of processors.