Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Artificial Immune System Based Classification Approach for Detecting Phishing Mails

Phishing/Spam is an attack that deals with social engineering methodology to illegally acquire and use someone else's data on behalf of legitimate website for own benefits. Phishing emails are messages designed to fool the recipient into handing over personal information, such as login names, passwords, credit card numbers, account credentials, social security numbers etc. Fraudulent emails harm their victims through loss of funds and identity theft. They also hurt Internet business, because people lose their trust in Internet transactions for fear that they will become victims of fraud. Filtering approaches using blacklists are not completely effective as about every minute a new phishing scam is created. It has been investigated that the statistical filtering of phishing emails, where a classifier is trained on characteristic features of existing emails and subsequently is able to identify new phishing emails with different contents. This paper deals with the phishing detection problem and how to auto detect phishing emails. The proposed phishing detection model is based on the extracted email features to detect phishing emails, these features appeared in the header and HTML body of email. The developed model introduces Artificial Immune System methodology to classify whether the tested email is phishing or not.
Convex Analysis and Optimization with Submodular Functions: a Tutorial

Set-functions appear in many areas of computer science and applied mathematics, such as machine learning, computer vision, operations research or electrical networks. Among these set-functions, submodular functions play an important role, similar to convex functions on vector spaces. In this tutorial, the theory of submodular functions is presented, in a self-contained way, with all results shown from first principles. A good knowledge of convex analysis is assumed.
Reciprocal Teaching for Boosting Students’ Confidence during Soccer Learning

The background of this research was the teachers’ lack of knowledge of physical education teaching. The researcher observed that students had lack of confidence during soccer learning. Thus, this research was conducted to discover whether reciprocal teaching could boost their confidence. The method used was experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample of this research was the students of SMA Negeri 4 Cimahi (4 Cimahi State Senior High School). The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Sample was selected by considering contain characteristics. The result of the research showed the value of Thitung is 2.737 > table 1.69. Therefore, H0 was rejected. This result indicated that confidence boost was discovered when reciprocal teaching was applied during soccer learning.
The effects of dams on macroinvertebrates: Global trends and insights

Dams threaten a wide range of aquatic organisms in most rivers and are thus a primary cause of global biodiversity degradation. Although macroinvertebrates play important roles in biogeochemical processes and ecosystem structuring and functioning through food web links, a global overview of research on their responses to dam construction and the subsequent flow alteration is lacking. This study bibliometrically analysed publications with regard to dams and macroinvertebrates over the last 100 years (1920–2018). The results found that macroinvertebrates have been increasingly studied in regard to damming rivers globally during the research period. The United States contributed the most to the total publication output (21.14%). Keyword analysis revealed a clear evolution and distributional pattern of research themes and studied taxa. Studies on a single taxon were more common in early times, and recent studies have shifted to multiple taxa at the community level. Different countries/territories have different research priorities (i.e., themes and taxa). “Dam removal” and “restoration” occurred more frequently in American studies, and “river regulation” was highly researched in Australia and Poland. “Schistosomiasis” was a featured topic in China and Brazil. “Mollusc” was the top taxon of focus for America, China, and Brazil. The results also demonstrated that “functional diversity,” “model,” and “stable isotope” are emerging hotspots in this research area. Possible explanations and implications of the above findings are discussed. This study provides an integral understanding of the research on dams and macroinvertebrates, highlighting the potential conservation imbalance among countries/territories and taxa.
miR-181a Regulates Inflammation Responses in Monocytes and Macrophages

miR-181a has been presumed to target the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of IL1a based on software predictions. miR-181a and IL1a have opposite expression levels in monocytes and macrophages in the inflammatory state. This led us to suspect that mir-181a has an important function in regulating inflammatory response by targeting IL1a. Fluorescence reporter assays showed that miR-181a effectively binds to the 3′-UTR of IL1a. The anti-inflammatory functions of miR-181a were investigated in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced Raw264.7 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/LPS-induced THP-1 cells. We found that miR-181a mimics significantly lowered IL1a expression levels in these cells and, interestingly, miR-181a inhibitors reversed this decrease. In addition, miR-181a mimics significantly inhibited increase in the levels of inflammatory factors (IL1b, IL6, and TNFa) in these cells. Furthermore, miR-181a mimics and inhibitors decreased and increased, respectively, production of reactive oxygen species in PMA/LPS-induced THP-1 cells. These results indicate that miR-181a regulates inflammatory responses by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of IL1a and down-regulating IL1a levels. Interestingly, we found that miR-181a inhibited production of inflammatory factors even in IL1a-induced THP-1 cells, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of miR-181a possibly involves other targets in addition to IL1a. Thus, we provide the first evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of miR-181a mediated at least in part by down-regulating IL1a.
The "conjunction fallacy" revisited : How intelligent inferences look like reasoning errors

Findings in recent research on the ‘conjunction fallacy’ have been taken as evidence that our minds are not designed to work by the rules of probability. This conclusion springs from the idea that norms should be content-blind—in the present case, the assumption that sound reasoning requires following the conjunction rule of probability theory. But content-blind norms overlook some of the intelligent ways in which humans deal with uncertainty, for instance, when drawing semantic and pragmatic inferences. In a series of studies, we first show that people infer nonmathematical meanings of the polysemous term ‘probability’ in the classic Linda conjunction problem. We then demonstrate that one can design contexts in which people infer mathematical meanings of the term and are therefore more likely to conform to the conjunction rule. Finally, we report evidence that the term ‘frequency’ narrows the spectrum of possible interpretations of ‘probability’ down to its mathematical meanings, and that this fact—rather than the presence or absence of ‘extensional cues’—accounts for the low proportion of violations of the conjunction rule when people are asked for frequency judgments. We conclude that a failure to recognize the human capacity for semantic and pragmatic inference can lead rational responses to be misclassified as fallacies. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex-based harassment and organizational silencing: How women are led to reluctant acquiescence in academia

The #MeToo and the Time’s Up movements have raised the issue of sexual harassment encountered by women to the level of public consciousness. Together, these movements have captured not only the ubiquity of sexual harassment in the everyday functioning of the workplace, but they have also demonstrated how women are silenced about their experiences of it. Inspired by the political and the social currents emerging from these movements, and theoretically informed by ideas of discursive hegemony, rhetorical persuasion and affective practice, this article draws on a qualitative study of early- and mid-career female academics in business schools to answer the following question: How are victims who start to voice their experiences of sex-based harassment silenced within the workplace? Our findings reveal that organizational silence is the product of various third-party actors (e.g. line managers, HR, colleagues) who mobilize myriad discourses to persuade victims not to voice their discontent. We develop the concept of ‘reluctant acquiescence’ to explain the victims’ response to organizational silencing. In terms of its contributions to the extant literature, this article: (i) moves away from explanations of sex-based harassment that focus solely (or predominately) on the actions of individual perpetrators; and (ii) shows how reluctant acquiescence leads to maintaining the status quo in the organization. In highlighting features of academic work that facilitate reluctant acquiescence, we call for more contextualization of the dynamics of sex-based harassment specifically, and other forms of workplace mistreatment broadly.
DPLL based hardware SOM with a new winner-take-all circuit

The self-organizing map (SOM) has found applicability in a wide range of areas. This paper proposes a new winner-take-all method for hardware SOM with phase-modulated pulse signal. The system uses phase of square waveform to hold the value of each input vector element. The system uses digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) as a computing element because the operation of the DPLL is very similar to that of SOM's computation. The proposed winner search method is realized by taking advantage of the nature of phase modulated signal, and neighborhood function is also implemented with simple hardware. In addition, the winner search requires no global communication, which makes the architecture scalable. The proposed SOM architecture is described in VHDL and its feasibility is verified by simulation. Preliminary simulation results show that the proposed SOM has good clustering capability with the topology preserving nature.
The Two Bicliques Problem is in NP intersection coNP

We show that the problem of deciding whether the vertex set of a graph can be covered with at most two bicliques is in NP$\cap$coNP. We thus almost determine the computational complexity of a problem whose status has remained open for quite some time. Our result implies that a polynomial time algorithm for the problem is more likely than it being NP-complete unless P = NP.
The Flash-Lag Phenomenon: Object Motion and Eye Movements

An object flashed briefly in a given location, the moment another moving object arrives in the same location, is perceived by observers as lagging behind the moving object (flash-lag effect). Does the flash-lag effect occur if the retinal image of the moving object is rendered stationary by smooth pursuit of the moving object? Does the flash-lag effect occur if the retinal image of a stationary object is caused to move by smooth-pursuit eye movements? A disk was briefly flashed in the center of a moving ring such that the ring center was completely ‘filled’ by the disk. In this display, observers perceived the flashed disk to lag such that it appeared only to partially ‘fill’ the ring center. The ‘unfilled’ portion (perceived void) of the moving ring was seen in the color of the background. With smooth pursuit of the ring, the flash-lag effect was eliminated, and observers saw the flashed disk centered on the moving ring. A strong flash-lag effect was observed when observers smoothly pursued a moving point target past a continuously visible stationary ring. Once again, the flashed disk appeared to only partially fill the center of the continuously visible stationary ring, yielding a vivid ‘perceived void’. These results are discussed in terms of neural delays and their compensation.
Tensor-based face representation and recognition using multi-linear subspace analysis

Discriminative subspace analysis is a popular approach for a variety of applications. There is a growing interest in subspace learning techniques for face recognition. Principal component analysis (PCA) and eigenfaces are two important subspace analysis methods have been widely applied in a variety of areas. However, the excessive dimension of data space often causes the curse of dimensionality dilemma, expensive computational cost, and sometimes the singularity problem. In this paper, a new supervised discriminative subspace analysis is presented by encoding face image as a high order general tensor. As face space can be considered as a nonlinear submanifold embedded in the tensor space, a decomposition method called Tucker tensor is used which can effectively decomposes this sparse space. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of eigenface, Fisherface, tensor LPP, and ORO4×2 on ORL and Weizermann databases. Conducted experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method.
Application of Probabilistic Decision Fusion to Network Coding over Turbo-Coded Multiple-Access Relay Channels

This paper proposes a scheme for combining the soft decisions made in network coding. The soft decisions are expressed in the form of probabilities. We call our scheme of combining those probabilistic soft decisions by the name of “probabilistic decision fusion. ” This scheme can improve the BER (bit error rate) performance in network coding in general. In particular, we apply it to a turbo-coded multiple access relay channel (MARC) to show its effectiveness. Three systems found in the literature are used for comparison with our scheme. Experimental results show that the incorporation of probabilistic decision fusion lowers the BER indeed, as compared to reference schemes.
Model-Based Virtual Prototype Acceleration

Today, virtual prototypes are often employed for software development early in the design flow. There, high simulation speed may support fast development. So, the acceleration of virtual prototype simulation is important in the early phases of design. To accelerate virtual prototypes, complex prototype simulation can be prevented by exploiting model-specific knowledge. We replace complex event-driven interaction with execution of predefined traces. In particular, we show that, for many dataflow-dominated application models, such accelerating traces may be efficiently determined. Trace determination is based on a novel symbolic search technique. We show that virtual prototypes exploiting such traces may lead to a significant simulation time reduction. The benefits are quantified for the prototype of a SystemC/TLM network packet filter, where traces result in up to 30% simulation acceleration.
Force-based many-body interatomic potential for ZrC

A classical potential for ZrC is developed in the form of a modified second-moment approximation with emphasis on the strong directional dependence of the C–Zr interactions. The model has a minimal set of parameters, 4 for the pure metal and 6 for the cross interactions, which are fitted to the database of cohesive energies of B1–, B2–, and B3–ZrC, the heat of formation, and most importantly, the atomic force constants of B1–ZrC from first-principles calculations. The potential is then extensively tested against various physical properties, none of which were considered in the fitting. Finite temperature properties such as thermal expansion and melting point are in excellent agreement with experiments. We believe our model should be a good template for metallic ceramics.
Bacteria–phage coevolution as a driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in microbial communities

Bacteria–phage coevolution, the reciprocal evolution between bacterial hosts and the phages that infect them, is an important driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in microbial communities. There is growing evidence from both laboratory and natural populations that coevolution can maintain phenotypic and genetic diversity, increase the rate of bacterial and phage evolution and divergence, affect community structure, and shape the evolution of ecologically relevant bacterial traits. Although the study of bacteria–phage coevolution is still in its infancy, with open questions regarding the specificity of the interaction, the gene networks of coevolving partners, and the relative importance of the coevolving interaction in complex communities and environments, there have recently been major advancements in the field. In this review, we sum up our current understanding of bacteria–phage coevolution both in the laboratory and in nature, discuss recent findings on both the coevolutionary process itself and the impact of coevolution on bacterial phenotype, diversity and interactions with other species (particularly their eukaryotic hosts), and outline future directions for the field.
The intensity contrast of solar granulation: comparing Hinode SP results with MHD simulations

Context. The contrast of granulation is an important quantity characterizing solar surface convection. Aims. We compare the intensity contrast at 630 nm, observed using the Spectro-Polarimeter (SP) aboard the Hinode satellite, with the 3D radiative MHD simulations of Vogler & Schussler (2007, A&A, 465, L43). Methods. A synthetic image from the simulation is degraded using a theoretical point-spread function of the optical system, and by considering other important effects. Results. The telescope aperture and the obscuration by the secondary mirror and its attachment spider, reduce the simulated contrast from 14.4% to 8.5%. A slight effective defocus of the instrument brings the simulated contrast down to 7.5%, close to the observed value of 7.0%. Conclusions. A proper consideration of the effects of the optical system and a slight defocus, lead to sufficient degradation of the synthetic image from the MHD simulation, such that the contrast reaches almost the observed value. The remaining small discrepancy can be ascribed to straylight and slight imperfections of the instrument, which are difficult to model. Hence, Hinode SP data are consistent with a granulation contrast which is predicted by 3D radiation MHD simulations.
Medial Premotor Cortex Shows a Reduction in Inhibitory Markers and Mediates Recovery in a Mouse Model of Focal Stroke

Background and Purpose— Motor recovery after ischemic stroke in primary motor cortex is thought to occur in part through training-enhanced reorganization in undamaged premotor areas, enabled by reductions in cortical inhibition. Here we used a mouse model of focal cortical stroke and a double-lesion approach to test the idea that a medial premotor area (medial agranular cortex [AGm]) reorganizes to mediate recovery of prehension, and that this reorganization is associated with a reduction in inhibitory interneuron markers. Methods— C57Bl/6 mice were trained to perform a skilled prehension task to an asymptotic level of performance after which they underwent photocoagulation-induced stroke in the caudal forelimb area. The mice were then retrained and inhibitory interneuron immunofluorescence was assessed in prechosen, anatomically defined neocortical areas. Mice then underwent a second photocoagulation-induced stroke in AGm. Results— Focal caudal forelimb area stroke led to a decrement in skilled prehension. Training-associated recovery of prehension was associated with a reduction in parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin expression in AGm. Subsequent infarction of AGm led to reinstatement of the original deficit. Conclusions— We conclude that with training, AGm can reorganize after a focal motor stroke and serve as a new control area for prehension. Reduced inhibition may represent a marker for reorganization or it is necessary for reorganization to occur. Our mouse model, with all of the attendant genetic benefits, may allow us to determine at the cellular and molecular levels how behavioral training and endogenous plasticity interact to mediate recovery.
Antagonistic roles of four SR proteins in the biosynthesis of alternatively spliced tissue factor transcripts in monocytic cells

Following recruitment to solid tissues, peripheral blood monocytes express a number of proinflammatory molecules including TF, a trigger of coagulation that also promotes cell–cell interactions and tissue remodeling. Monocytes express two forms of TF: flTF, a highly coagulant transmembrane form, and asTF, a highly proangiogenic, soluble TF form. Biosynthesis of the two TF forms occurs via alternative processing of exon 5 during pre‐mRNA splicing. Its inclusion results in flTF mRNA and its exclusion, asTF mRNA. We developed a splicing reporter system recently and determined that two spliceosomal constituents, SR proteins ASF/SF2 and SRp55, play a pivotal role in exon 5 inclusion. In this report, we show for the first time that two other SR proteins expressed in human monocytes, SRp40 and SC35, antagonize ASF/SF2 and SRp55 by competing for binding to certain sites in exon 5, thereby promoting TF exon 5 exclusion, an event unique to asTF biosynthesis. We also show that the intron preceding TF exon 5 possesses characteristics rarely found in U2 introns. Our findings indicate that modulation of TF pre‐mRNA splicing can be accomplished via modification of SR proteins’ activity, facilitating development of novel therapeutic strategies to modulate the “TF profile” of monocytes/macrophages.
Sensación del esfuerzo percibido: Hacia un cambio en el modo de evaluar las conductas motrices introyectivas en las clases de educación física de la escuela secundaria.

espanolEl presente articulo surge de una experiencia concreta y vigente que se lleva a cabo en un conjunto de escuelas secundarias de la ciudad de Mendoza (Argentina) pertenecientes a la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Intentamos poner a consideracion de los colegas docentes de Educacion Fisica, la descripcion detallada de una vivencia de evaluacion que consideramos innovadora y a la vez sencilla en su aplicacion. Asi, tomando como base el metodo de Gunnar Borg denominado “Sensacion del esfuerzo percibido” elaboramos un modo de evaluar que, teniendo en cuenta a la persona, ser humano complejo y pensante denominado “alumno”, intenta como principio irrenunciable, respetar todos aquellos aspectos que se sienten, se perciben, se sufren, se disfrutan, durante la realizacion de un determinado esfuerzo fisico, para luego transformarla en una situacion pedagogica de evaluacion durante la cual aquel alumno es protagonista principal. EnglishThis article arises from a concrete and current experience that takes place in a set of secondary schools in the city of Mendoza, Argentina. We try to put to the consideration of the Physical Education teachers colleagues, the detailed description of an evaluation experience that we consider innovative and at the same time, simple in its application. Thus, based on the Gunnar Borg method called “Rating of Perceived exertion”, we elaborated a strategy of evaluation considering the person, a complex and thinking human being called “student”, and trying as an unrenounceable principle, to respect all those aspects that are felt, perceived, suffered, and enjoyed, during the realization of a specific physical exertion. Lastly, we aimed to transform those aspects into a pedagogical situation of evaluation in which the student is the main protagonist.