Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A glossary for health inequalities

In this glossary, the authors address eight key questions pertinent to health inequalities: (1) What is the distinction between health inequality and health inequity? ; (2) Should we assess health inequalities themselves, or social group inequalities in health? ; (3) Do health inequalities mainly reflect the effects of poverty, or are they generated by the socioeconomic gradient? ; (4) Are health inequalities mediated by material deprivation or by psychosocial mechanisms? ; (5) Is there an effect of relative income on health, separate from the effects of absolute income? ; (6) Do health inequalities between places simply reflect health inequalities between social groups or, more significantly, do they suggest a contextual effect of place? ; (7) What is the contribution of the lifecourse to health inequalities? ; (8) What kinds of inequality should we study?
Hyperkinetische Störungen und Störungen des Sozialverhaltens

Objectives: The article gives an review about hyperkinetic and conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence. After a summary of empirical results concerning symptoms and prevalence as well as comorbid disorders, concepts of releasing and maintaining factors are discussed. After a short description of assessment and monitoring, an overview on behavioural interventions, their indication and efficacy is given. Conclusions: Both disorders are frequent and they often coincide. In hyperkinetic disorders genetic factors are more important than in the development of conduct disorders. A comprehensive multimodal treatment is usually necessary. Pharmacotherapy is important in the treatment of hyperkinetic disorders. The effects of comprehensive behavioural interventions especially of parent trainings and interventions in the family and the schools are well established. In child-oriented interventions (e.g. self-instructional training, problem solving training, social skills training) particularly the transfer of treatment effects to the natural environment of the child (family, school, peers) has to be focused on.
A 1.9/2.4GHz dual band CMOS power amplifier with integrated AM-PM distortion canceller

A transformer-based dual band watt-level linear CMOS power amplifier is demonstrated for upcoming SDR mobile terminals. The proposed AM-PM distortion canceller improves ACLR of 3GPP WCDMA uplink signal by 2.6dB at 28.0dBm output power, and the designed interstage power distributor contributes to low-loss power supply for the driver stage and high common-mode stability. Moreover, a newly developed cascode biasing circuit guarantees AM-AM linearity of the PA in a wide supply voltage range from 2.5V to 3.6V. The test chip demonstrates peak output powers of 28.3dBm at 1.95GHz and 23.7dBm at 2.4GHz satisfying 3GPP WCDMA and IEEE802.11g spectrum masks with die area of 5.4mm2.
Precoder design in cooperative systems with amplify-and-forward relaying

Cooperative communication systems using various relay protocols can achieve spatial diversity gains and enlarge the coverage. For the practical amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol, an optimal precoder design for cooperative systems with single-antenna nodes is proposed in this paper. Through iterative computation, we can obtain the exact precoder vector for the transmitter, by which spatial diversity can be efficiently exploited. The numerical results and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in improving the data detection error.
Androgen-independent cancer progression and bone metastasis in the LNCaP model of human prostate cancer.

Our laboratory has previously reported on the derivation of LNCaP cell sublines from LNCaP tumors maintained in castrated and intact athymic male mice. These LNCaP sublines differ from the parental line in tumorigenicity and androgen dependence. This paper demonstrates that one of these sublines acquired metastatic potential. When inoculated either s.c. or orthotopically, the C4-2 subline metastasized to the lymph node and bone with an incidence of 11-50%. Interestingly, the incidence of osseous metastasis was higher in castrated than in intact male hosts. We evaluated the chromosomal, immunohistochemical, and biochemical characteristics of the LNCaP sublines derived from C4-2 tumors that metastasized to the lymph node and bone. Cytogenetic analysis showed that all sublines were human and shared common marker chromosomes with the parental LNCaP cells. This experimental human prostate cancer model may permit, for the first time, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying human prostate cancer metastasis.
A Factor-Analytic Study of Navy Reasoning Tests With the Air Force Aircrew Classification Battery

(a) to gain further information as to the nature of reasoning abilities studied in a previous reasoning analysis (to be known hereafter as the analysis of Battery A) done at this laboratory (3~ 5, 6) ~ (b) to determine the reasoning content of the 1947 Aircrew Classification Battery (9); and (c) to link the reasoning studies of this laboratory with a similar effort at the University of North Carolina (i). To meet these ends, a battery of 54 tests was assembled, composed as follows: (a) 27 tests either identical with or adapted
Motivations for Self-Injury in an Adolescent Inpatient Population: Development of a Self-Report Measure

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and pilot an instrument for the assessment of self-injury in adolescent inpatients. Methods: The Self-Injury Motivation Scale was modified for use in adolescents. Thirty-eight consenting adolescent inpatients with a history of self-injury completed the Self-Injury Motivation Scale – Adolescent version (SIMS-A) and the Self-Injury Interview (SII) to collect information about a range of factors associated with self-injury, other clinical variables and demographic details. Results: The SIMS-A was acceptable to this adolescent sample and motivations for self-injury were similar to those of adults using the original SIMS scale. Adolescents were, however, more likely to use self-injury for communicating to/influencing others compared to adults. The participants most frequently reported self-injury by hitting, cutting and burning. The clinical diagnosis most frequently associated with self-injury was major depression. Females reported earlier onset, higher frequency and multiple methods of self-injury compared to males. Distraction from emotional pain was the most common motivation for self-injury in both males and females. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests the SIMS-A is a useful self-report measure to assist clinicians and adolescent patients to understand a behaviour that may be associated with shame, guilt or other difficult emotions for the adolescent. Results also support the contention that there are often multiple and conflicting motivations for self-injury. Self-injury in this population was more common and severe in female adolescents compared to males, while clinical depression was a risk factor for self-injury in both males and females. The small sample size of adolescent inpatients is an important limitation of this pilot study, and research using the SIMS-A in larger samples is warranted.
From Peptide Masses to Pregnancy Maintenance: A Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of The Early Equine Embryo Secretome, Blastocoel Fluid, and Capsule

Early pregnancy in the mare is a poorly understood, high risk period during which the embryo communicates its presence to the maternal endometrium. Remarkably, the maternal recognition of pregnancy signal is unknown in the horse. This study aimed to profile the proteins secreted by equine blastocysts into their immediate environment, along with proteins contained in the blastocoel and within the acellular embryo capsule. Embryos were recovered on day 8 after ovulation and cultured for 48 hours. Secretomes of day 9 and day 10 embryos were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS and supported by analysis of blastocoel fluid and embryo capsule. Analyses revealed 72 (24 h) and 97 (48 h) unique protein IDs in the embryo secretome, 732 protein IDs in blastocoel fluid, and 11 proteins IDs in the embryo capsule. Novel findings of interest include secretion of a pregnancy specific proteinase (PAG) by the equine embryo at day 10, along with detection of a prostaglandin receptor inhibiting protein (PTGFRN) and a progesterone potentiating factor (FKBP4) in blastocoel fluid. This is the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of the equine embryo secretome, and provides new insights into the unique physiology of early pregnancy in this species.
Tractography Delineates Microstructural Changes in the Trigeminal Nerve after Focal Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia

Purpose Focal radiosurgery is a common treatment modality for trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a neuropathic facial pain condition. Assessment of treatment effectiveness is primarily clinical, given the paucity of investigational tools to assess trigeminal nerve changes. Since diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides information on white matter microstructure, we explored the feasibility of trigeminal nerve tractography and assessment of DTI parameters to study microstructural changes after treatment. We hypothesized that trigeminal tractography provides more information than 2D-MR imaging, allowing detection of unique, focal changes in the target area after radiosurgery. Changes in specific diffusivities may provide insight into the mechanism of action of radiosurgery on the trigeminal nerve. Methods and Materials Five TN patients (4 females, 1 male, average age 67 years) treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery, 80 Gy/100% isodose line underwent 3Tesla MR trigeminal nerve tractography before and sequentially up to fourteen months after treatment. Fractional anisotropy (FA), radial (RD) and axial (AD) diffusivities were calculated for the radiosurgical target area defined as the region-of-interest. Areas outside target and the contralateral nerve served as controls. Results Trigeminal tractography accurately detected the radiosurgical target. Radiosurgery resulted in 47% drop in FA values at the target with no significant change in FA outside the target, demonstrating highly focal changes after treatment. RD but not AD changed markedly, suggesting that radiosurgery primarily affects myelin. Tractography was more sensitive than conventional gadolinium-enhanced post-treatment MR, since FA changes were detected regardless of trigeminal nerve enhancement. In subjects with long term follow-up, recovery of FA/RD correlated with pain recurrence. Conclusions DTI parameters accurately detect the effects of focal radiosurgery on the trigeminal nerve, serving as an in vivo imaging tool to study TN. This study is a proof of principle for further assessment of DTI parameters to understand the pathophysiology of TN and treatment effects.
MNH: A Derivative-Free Optimization Algorithm Using Minimal Norm Hessians

We introduce MNH, a new algorithm for unconstrained optimization when derivatives are unavailable, primarily targeting applications that require running computationally expensive deterministic simulations. MNH relies on a trust-region framework with an underdetermined quadratic model that interpolates the function at a set of data points. We show how to construct this interpolation set to yield computationally stable parameters for the model and, in doing so, obtain an algorithm which converges to first-order critical points. Preliminary results are encouraging and show that MNH makes effective use of the points evaluated in the course of the optimization.
Bowman: a node OS for active networks

Bowman is an extensible platform for active networking: it layers active networking functionality in user space software over variants of the System V UNIX operating system. The packet processing path implemented in Bowman incorporates an efficient and flexible packet classification algorithm, supports multi-threaded per-flow processing, and utilizes real time processor scheduling to achieve deterministic performance in the user-space. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of Bowman; discuss the support that Bowman provides for implementing execution environments for active networking; discuss the network-level architecture of Bowman that can be used to implement virtual networks; and present performance data showing that Bowman is able to sustain 100 Mbps throughput while forwarding IP packets over fast Ethernets.
Open Sets of Maximal Dimension in Complex Hyperbolic Quasi-Fuchsian Space

Let pi(1), be the fundamental group of a closed surface Sigma of genus g > 1. One of the fundamental problems in complex hyperbolic geometry is to find all discrete, faithful, geometrically finite and purely loxodromic representations of pi(1) into SU(2, 1), (the triple cover of) the group of holomorphic isometries of H-C(2). In particular, given a discrete, faithful, geometrically finite and purely loxodromic representation rho(0) of pi(1), can we find an open neighbourhood of rho(0) comprising representations with these properties. We show that this is indeed the case when rho(0) preserves a totally real Lagrangian plane.
Action‐oriented representation of peripersonal and extrapersonal space: Insights from manual and locomotor actions1

: This paper reviews behavioral evidence demonstrating that space is accurately represented in the brain in relation to action capabilities. We initially review intriguing neuropsychological findings that show that space is differentially represented depending on whether the area is in reach of the hand (peripersonal space) or out of reach of the hand (extrapersonal space). We then review the literature on the characteristics of locomotor actions for avoiding obstacles to show that the relative dimensions of obstacles to relevant body parts are accurately represented at least one step before the obstacles are reached, i.e., while the obstacles are present in the extrapersonal space. The findings obtained from a number of studies on manual and locomotor actions will yield tentative conclusions: (a) the representation of one's body (body schema) is deeply involved in one's representation of space; (b) the representation of space is modified in response to alteration of action capabilities, although this is likely to occur only for well-learned actions, irrespective of the type; and (c) representation of space centered on the hand somewhat differs from that centered on the whole body.
Rhetorics of Blackness, Rhetorics of Belonging: The Politics of Representation in Black Canadian Expressive Culture

My concern is with differences within minoritisation and the possibilities of articulating affiliation or solidarity on the grounds of differences that may not be 'resolved' but have to be worked through and worked with, causing structures of ambivalence and 'supplementary' moves. (Homi Bhabha 1998a, 40) This world divided into compartments, this world cut in two is inhabited by two different species. The originality of the colonial context is that economic reality, inequality, and the immense difference of ways of life never come to mask the human realities. When you examine at close quarters the colonial context, it is to begin with the fact of belonging to or not belonging to a given race, a given species. (Frantz Fanon 1963, 39-40) The consciousness of self is not the closing of a door to communication. Philosophic thought teaches us, on the contrary, that it is its guarantee. National consciousness, which is not nationalism, is the only thing that will give us an international dimension. (Frantz Fano.
Efficient Engineering of Complex Self-Organising Systems by Self-Stabilising Fields

Self-organising systems are notoriously difficult to engineer, particularly due to the interactions between complex specifications and the simultaneous need for efficiency and for resilience to faults and changes in execution conditions. We address this problem with an engineering methodology that separates these three aspects, allowing each to be engineered independently. Beginning with field calculus, we identify the largest known sub-language of self-stabilising programs, guaranteed to eventually attain correct behaviour despite any perturbation in state or topology. Construction of complex systems is then facilitated by identifying "building block" operators expressed in this language, into which many complex specifications can be readily factored, thereby attaining resilience but possibly with improvable efficiency. Efficient implementation may then be achieved by substituting high-performance coordination mechanisms that are asymptotically equivalent to particular applications of building block operators. We illustrate this workflow by construction and simulation of example applications for evacuation alerts and for live estimation of crowd feedback at mass events.
Leadership, New Public Management and the re-modelling and regulation of teacher identities

This article examines the rapidly shifting relationship between teachers and the state and efforts to re-model teacher identities within the wider context of public sector modernization and the New Public Management. The construction and development of officially authorized and normative discursive practices relating to leadership and the accompanying potential for the socio-ideological control of teachers are examined within a shifting social, cultural and political environments. Our interruption as critical leadership researchers is through a focus upon identity theory and how it reveals the ways in which normative discursive leadership practices operate and act as a form of identity work inscribing upon and working their way into the professional lives of teachers.
Endometrial Receptivity Defects and Impaired Implantation in Diabetic NOD Mice1

ABSTRACT Implantation failure is a major hurdle to a successful pregnancy. The high rate of postimplantation fetal loss in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is believed to be related to an abnormal decidual production of interferon (IFN)gamma. To address whether diabetes alters the natural events associated with successful implantation, certain morphological and molecular features of uterine receptivity in diabetic NOD (dNOD) mice were examined in normally mated pregnancy and in concanavalin A (ConA)-induced pseudopregnancy. As opposed to normoglycemic NOD (cNOD) mice, dNOD mice expressed retarded maturation of their uterine pinopodes and overexpressed MUC1 mucin at implantation sites (P < 0.001). Uterine production of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and phosphorylation of uterine NFkappaBp65 and STAT3-Ty705 were found to be low (P < 0.01) during Day 4.5 postcoitum, whereas IFNgamma was aberrantly overexpressed. Loss of temporal regulation of progesterone receptor A (PR A) and PR B, together with aberrantly increased expression of the protein inhibitor of activated STAT-y (PIASy) (P < 0.01) and reduced recruitment (P < 0.01) of the latter to nuclear progesterone receptor sites were prominent features of decidualization failure occurring at peri-implantation in dNOD mice. In conclusion, the aberrant expression of endometrial IFNgamma in dNOD mice is associated with a nonreceptive endometrial milieu contributing to peri-implantation embryo loss in type 1 diabetes.
A Brief Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression

The brief behavioral activation treatment for depression is a simple, cost-effective method for treating depression. Based on basic behavioral theory and recent evidence that the behavioral component may be the active mechanism of change in cognitive-behavioral treatments of clinical depression, the authors designed a treatment to systematically increase exposure to positive activities, and thereby improve affect and corresponding cognitions. This article describes the rationale for the treatment and provides the treatment in manual form to be utilized by patients in therapy.
Examples of set-to-set image classification

We present a framework for representing a set of images as a point on a Grassmann manifold. A collection of sets of images for a speciflc class is then associated with a collection of points on this manifold. Relationships between classes as deflned by points associated with sets of images may be determined using the projection F-norm, geodesic (or other) distances on the Grassmann manifold. We present several applications of this approach for image classiflcation.
Cell Adhesion Molecules: Role and Clinical Significance in Cancer

ABSTRACT There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that alterations in the adhesion properties of neoplastic cells endow them with an invasive and migratory phenotype. Indeed, changes in the expression or function of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in all steps of tumor progression, including detachment of tumor cells from the primary site, intravasation into the blood stream, extravasation into distant target organs, and formation of the secondary lesions. This review presents recent data regarding the role of cell adhesion molecules in tumor development and progress with concern to their clinical exploitation as potential biomarkers in neoplastic diseases.
ASIC implementation of a unified hardware architecture for non-key based cryptographic hash primitives

Hash algorithms are a class of cryptographic primitives used for fulfilling the requirements of integrity and authentication in cryptography. In this paper, we propose and present the ASIC implementation of 'HashChip', a hardware architecture aimed at providing a unified solution for three different commercial MDC (manipulation detection codes) hash primitives, namely MD5, SHA1 and RIPEMD160. The novelty of the work lies in the exploitation of the similarities in the structure of the three algorithms to obtain an optimized architecture. The performance analysis of a 0.18/spl mu/m ASIC implementation of the architecture has also been done.
“Look who's talking!” Gaze Patterns for Implicit and Explicit Audio‐Visual Speech Synchrony Detection in Children With High‐Functioning Autism

Conversation requires integration of information from faces and voices to fully understand the speaker's message. To detect auditory‐visual asynchrony of speech, listeners must integrate visual movements of the face, particularly the mouth, with auditory speech information. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may be less successful at such multisensory integration, despite their demonstrated preference for looking at the mouth region of a speaker. We showed participants (individuals with and without high‐functioning autism (HFA) aged 8–19) a split‐screen video of two identical individuals speaking side by side. Only one of the speakers was in synchrony with the corresponding audio track and synchrony switched between the two speakers every few seconds. Participants were asked to watch the video without further instructions (implicit condition) or to specifically watch the in‐synch speaker (explicit condition). We recorded which part of the screen and face their eyes targeted. Both groups looked at the in‐synch video significantly more with explicit instructions. However, participants with HFA looked at the in‐synch video less than typically developing (TD) peers and did not increase their gaze time as much as TD participants in the explicit task. Importantly, the HFA group looked significantly less at the mouth than their TD peers, and significantly more at non‐face regions of the image. There were no between‐group differences for eye‐directed gaze. Overall, individuals with HFA spend less time looking at the crucially important mouth region of the face during auditory‐visual speech integration, which is maladaptive gaze behavior for this type of task. Autism Res 2015, 8: 307–316. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.