Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of BAF (mSWI/SNF) complexes in mammalian neural development

The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi‐subunit ATP‐dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non‐redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage‐specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor‐specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long‐term memory formation. The microRNA‐mediated mechanism for transitioning from npBAF to nBAF complexes is instructive for the neuronal fate and can even convert fibroblasts into neurons. The high frequency of BAF subunit mutations in neurological disorders underscores the rate‐determining role of BAF complexes in neural development, homeostasis, and plasticity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficiently Processing Continuous k-NN Queries on Data Streams

Efficiently processing continuous k-nearest neighbor queries on data streams is important in many application domains, e. g. for network intrusion detection. Usually not all valid data objects from the stream can be kept in main memory. Therefore, most existing solutions are approximative. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for exact k-NN monitoring. Our method is based on three ideas, (1) selecting exactly those objects from the stream which are able to become the nearest neighbor of one or more continuous queries and storing them in a skyline data structure, (2) delaying to process those objects which are not immediately nearest neighbors of any query, and (3) indexing the queries rather than the streaming objects. In an extensive experimental evaluation we demonstrate that our method is applicable on high throughput data streams requiring only very limited storage.
Speed and load torque observer for rotating machines

For the sensorless control of a rotating machine the estimation of speed is required. A speed encoder is undesirable in a drive because it creates cost and reliability problems, and sometimes it also requires shaft extension and mounting arrangements. Traditional methods for estimation of speed include approximate derivatives and numerical differentiations. In this paper a solution to the speed observer problem for a general rotating machine is provided. The speed observer is designed following the Immersion and Invariance technique and it is shown to be globally convergent. Simulation results to compare the proposed observer with the approximate differentiation approach are presented.
Trends in HIV‐1 prevalence may not reflect trends in incidence in mature epidemics: data from the Rakai population‐based cohort, Uganda

Objectives: To assess whether trends in serial HIV‐1 prevalence reflect trends in HIV incidence, and to decompose the effects of HIV‐1 incidence, mortality, mobility and compliance on HIV‐1 prevalence in a population‐based cohort. Design: Two‐year follow up (1990‐1992) of an open cohort of all adults aged 15‐59 years, resident in a sample of 31 representative community clusters in rural Rakai District, Uganda. Methods: A detailed household enumeration was conducted at baseline and in each subsequent year. All household residents were listed, and all deaths and in‐ and out‐migrations that occurred in the intersurvey year were recorded. In each year, all consenting adults were interviewed and provided a serological sample; 2591 adults aged 15‐59 years were enrolled at baseline. Results: HIV prevalence among adults declined significantly between 1990 and 1992 (23.4% at baseline, 21.8% in 1991, 20.9% in 1992; P < 0.05). Declining prevalence was also observed in subgroups, including young adults aged 15‐24 years (from 20.6 to 16.2% over 3 years; P < 0.02), women of reproductive age (from 27.1 to 23.5%; P < 0.05), and pregnant women (from 25.4 to 20.0%; not significant). However, HIV incidence did not change significantly among all adults aged 15‐59 years [2.1 ± 0.4 per 100 person‐years of observation (PYO) in 1990‐1991 and 2.0 ± 0.3 per 100 PYO in 1991‐1992], nor in population subgroups. HIV‐related mortality was high (13.5 per 100 PYO among the HIVpositive), removing more infected persons than were added by seroconversion. Net out‐migration also removed substantial numbers of HIV‐positive individuals. Conclusions: In this mature HIV epidemic, HIV prevalence declined in the presence of stable and high incidence. HIV‐related mortality contributed most to the prevalence decline. Prevalence was not an adequate surrogate measure of incidence, limiting the utility of serial prevalence measures in assessing the dynamics of the HIV epidemic and in evaluating the impact of current preventive strategies.
Social Justice without Dividing: Mapping collective social intent within the capabilities space

6 List of Tables used . 7 List of Figures Used . 8 Chapter One: A Prestatement . 9 The Main Argument and the Background . 9 The Scheme . 12 Contribution . 16 Part One: A Theoretical Prologue: Distributive Justice, Capabilities Approach and Methodological Individualism . 18 Chapter Two: The Prelude: exploring the roots of distributive social justice . 19 Some claims and clarifications . 19 2.1: The ‘Social-Personal’ Dichotomy: social justice in ancient and medieval times . 20 2.2: Winds of change: the emergence of modern distributive justice . 26 2.3: Aspect of modern distributive justice and contributions of Rawls . 30 Conclusion . 35 Chapter Three: The capabilities Approach and its methodological atomism . 36 3.1 The Standpoint: making sense of the capabilities approach . 37 3.2 The Synopsis: understanding the capabilities approach . 44 3.2.1 The larger picture . 44 3.2.2 Components of Capabilities Matrix . 46 3.2.3 The mechanics of capabilities operation . 53 3.3 The SpecificationsOperational peculiarities. 58 3.3.1: Individualism, disaggregation and interpersonal comparisons in sen‟s approach . 60 3.3.2: Three manifestations of Sen‟s informational pluralism . 63 Conclusion . 65
Biology of collagen.

Recent major advances in our knowledge of the biology of collagen considerably facilitated an understanding of the structure, function and pathology of connective tissues. This short review is designed as an introduction to current concepts and findings in collagen polymorphism, its biosynthesis, degradation, and interaction with the ground substance. Such a discussion will serve as a basis for a review of the current concepts and advances regarding the tissue distribution, and specific functional roles, of the different types of collagen, as well as the disorders of the connective tissue that involve collagen. We hope that this article will serve to grant the reader an opportunity to gain an overview of the developments in the research related to this fascinating protein. It was also our intention to show how much more remains to be learnt about the biology of collagen.
Inverse relationship between VO2max and economy/efficiency in world-class cyclists.

PURPOSE To determine the relationship that exists between VO2max and cycling economy/efficiency during intense, submaximal exercise in world-class road professional cyclists. METHODS Each of 11 male cyclists (26+/-1 yr (mean +/- SEM); VO2max: 72.0 +/- 1.8 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) performed: 1) a ramp test for O2max determination and 2) a constant-load test of 20-min duration at the power output eliciting 80% of subjects' VO2max during the previous ramp test (mean power output of 385 +/- 7 W). Cycling economy (CE) and gross mechanical efficiency (GE) were calculated during the constant-load tests. RESULTS CE and GE averaged 85.2 +/- 2.3 W x L(-1) x min(-1) and 24.5 +/- 0.7%, respectively. An inverse, significant correlation was found between 1) VO2max (mL x kg(-0.32) x min(-1)) and both CE (r = -0.71; P = 0.01) and GE (-0.72; P = 0.01), and 2) VO2max (mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and both CE (r = -0.65; P = 0.03) and GE (-0.64; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A high CE/GE seems to compensate for a relatively low VO2max in professional cyclists.
BICM-Based Cooperative Communication Systems with Relay Selection: Constellation and Multiplexer Design

We propose a new bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM)-based cooperative communication system where different BICM modules can be optimized jointly considering the average signal to noise ratios of the direct and the two-hop Rayleigh fading channels. As such, the full benefit of BICM can be exploited in the context of cooperative communication. Our design considers cooperative communication systems with so called max-min relay selection scheme that has no loss in performance in terms of diversity-multiplexing trade off in orthogonal cooperation. The presented numerical results for rate 1/2 convolutional code with 8-ary pulse amplitude modulation equivalently 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation show that the proposed design can offer gains up to 1.4 dB over the traditional BICM design for a target bit error rate of 10-6. Moreover the results show that the amount of gain depends on the relays' positions and increases with the number of relays available for selection.
Ultrastructural localisation and differential agonist‐induced regulation of AMPA and kainate receptors present at the presynaptic active zone and postsynaptic density

Activity‐dependent changes in ionotropic glutamate receptors at the postsynaptic membrane are well established and this regulation plays a central role in the expression of synaptic plasticity. However, very little is known about the distributions and regulation of ionotropic receptors at presynaptic sites. To determine if presynaptic receptors are subject to similar regulatory processes we investigated the localisation and modulation of AMPA (GluR1, GluR2, GluR3) and kainate (GluR6/7, KA2) receptor subunits by ultrasynaptic separation and immunoblot analysis of rat brain synaptosomes. All of the subunits were enriched in the postsynaptic fraction but were also present in the presynaptic and non‐synaptic synaptosome fractions. AMPA stimulation resulted in a marked decrease in postsynaptic GluR2 and GluR3 subunits, but an increase in GluR6/7. Conversely, GluR2 and GluR3 increased in the presynaptic fraction whereas GluR6/7 decreased. There were no significant changes in any of the compartments for GluR1. NMDA treatment decreased postsynaptic GluR1, GluR2 and GluR6/7 but increased presynaptic levels of these subunits. NMDA treatment did not evoke changes in GluR3 localisation. Our results demonstrate that presynaptic and postsynaptic subunits are regulated in opposite directions by AMPA and NMDA stimulation.
Modeling of the Impact of Nonlinear Propagation Effects in Uncompensated Optical Coherent Transmission Links

We address perturbative models for the impact of nonlinear propagation in uncompensated links. We concentrate on a recently-proposed model which splits up the signal into spectral components and then resorts to a four-wave-mixing-like approach to assess the generation of nonlinear interference due to the beating of the signal spectral components. We put its founding assumptions on firmer ground and we provide a detailed derivation for its main analytical results. We then carry out an extensive simulative validation by addressing an ample and significant set of formats encompassing PM-BPSK, PM-QPSK, PM-8QAM, and PM-16QAM, all operating at 32 GBaud. We compare the model prediction of maximum system reach and optimum launch power versus simulation results, for all four formats, three different kinds of fibers (PSCF, SMF, and NZDSF) and for several values of WDM channel spacing, ranging from 50 GHz down to the symbol-rate. We found that, throughout all tests, the model delivers accurate predictions, potentially making it an effective general-purpose system design tool for coherent uncompensated transmission systems.
Structure of the rainbow trout metallothionein B gene and characterization of its metal-responsive region

The trout metallothionein (MT) genes consist of two members. We describe the structure of the first fish MT (tMT-B) gene which shows an overall resemblance but some remarkable differences with mammalian MT genes. The similarities included (i) tripartite structure of the gene, (ii) conservation of cysteine residues, and (iii) a TATAAA signal and two copies of metal-responsive elements (MREs). The differences consisted of (i) an AT-rich tMT-B promoter compared with highly GC-rich mammalian MT promoters and (ii) a lack of SP1-binding sites in the tMT-B promoter. Functional analysis of the tMT-B 5'-flanking region following fusion with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and its transfection into the rainbow trout hepatoma cell line revealed that sequences from positions -600 to +8 are sufficient for regulation by metals. Further deletion analyses of this fragment suggested that a minimum of 100 nucleotides upstream of the transcription initiation site are required for induction by cadmium and zinc. The tMT-B promoter was also functional in the human hepatoblastoma cell line, suggesting that an MT regulatory factor(s) is conserved in phylogenetically distant species like humans and fish.
Cardiac arrest during percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient ‘resistant’ to clopidogrel – successful 50-minute mechanical chest compression

We report a case of 72-year-old female patient with end-stage chronic kidney disease, undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) that resulted in a cardiac arrest caused by a thrombus mediated flow limitation in the left coronary artery. With mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) PCI of the left main artery was performed successfully during 50 min cardiac arrest. The patient was discharged from the hospital without compromising cardiac function and neurological deficits.
DRUG RESISTANCE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA. 3. ACQUISITION OF TRANSFERABILITY OF NONTRANSMISSIBLE R(TC) FACTOR IN COOPERATION WITH F FACTOR AND FORMATION OF FR(TC).

Harada, Kenji (Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan), Mitsuo Kameda, Mitsue Suzuki, and Susumu Mitsuhashi. Drug resistance of enteric bacteria. III. Acquisition of transferability of nontransmissible R(TC) factor in cooperation with F factor and formation of FR(TC). J. Bacteriol. 88:1257-1265. 1964. -Transmissible drug-resistance factor R, which confers resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfonamide, was previously found to be transduced in the system of the Salmonella E group with phage epsilon. The R factor of R(+) transductants was nontransmissible by cell-to-cell contact, and it was not eliminated by treatment with acridine dye. When R(+) transductants were infected with F factor, the nontransmissible R factor acquired transferability by conjugation. The R(+) conjugants, to which only the R factor was separately transmitted by conjugation from the (F(+)R(+)) donor, were still unable to transfer their R factor by conjugation. However, the (FR)(+) conjugants, to which both F and R factor were transmitted simultaneously by conjugation, were also capable of transferring their F and R factors by conjugation. From the present study, it was concluded that the recombinant (FR) factor was formed as a result of an interaction between F and R factors present in a host bacterium, and that one of the mechanisms of acquisition of transferability is accounted for by the formation of recombinant (FR) factor. The recombinant (FR) factor was transferable by conjugation, and it conferred both the drug-resistance and F(+) characters to the recipient cells. The (FR) factor was eliminated by treatment with acridine dye and also transduced as one unit into Escherichia coli K-12 by P1kc phage.
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)-induced bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma and transient myopia

A 27-year-old woman developed bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) and transient myopia after taking oseltamivir for four days. On the fourth day, she received systemic and topical intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering agents, and IOP decreased in both eyes. However, her visual acuity was unchanged. A myopic shift of -5.25 D OD and -5.0 D OS was estimated to have occurred in the acute phase. A-scan ultrasonography and Pentacam showed markedly shallow anterior chambers and increased lens thickness. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed an annular ciliochoroidal effusion with forward displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm. Ciliochoroidal effusion and transient myopia were resolved after discontinuation of oseltamivir.
Revisiting Racial Differences in College Attendance: The Role of Historically Black Colleges and Universities

It is well known that the college enrollment rates of blacks have historically trailed those of whites, although in recent decades the actual size of the racial gap has fluctuated. Prior research has shown that blacks are more likely than whites to attend college after high school graduation, net of socioeconomic background and academic performance. It has been suggested that this “net black advantage “ may be spurious—due to blacks’ relatively high enrollment rates in historically black colleges and universities. With data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988–1994, this hypothesis is tested by examining black-white differences in enrollment in different types of colleges: any college, four-year colleges, non-black four-year colleges, and academically selective four-year colleges. Overall, results confirm the existence of a net black advantage at low levels of family socioeconomic background. The implications of these findings for racial equality in access to higher education are explored.
An optimal T-S model for the estimation and identification of nonlinear functions

A novel optimal method is developed to improve the identification and estimation of Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. The idea comes from the fact that the main drawback of T-S model is that it can not be applied when the membership functions are overlapped by pairs. This limits the application of the T-S model because this type of membership function has been widely used in the stability and controller design of fuzzy systems. It is also very popular in industrial control applications. The method presented here can be considered as a generalized version of T-S fuzzy model with optimized performance in approximating nonlinear functions. Various examples are chosen to show the high function approximation accuracy and fast convergence obtained by applying the proposed method in approximating nonlinear systems locally and globally in comparison with the original T-S model.
Organisational culture of further education colleges delivering higher education business programmes: developing a culture of ‘HEness’ – what next?

This paper draws on the views of lecturers working in and delivering college-based higher education (CBHE) in the UK. There have been numerous works on the culture of higher education in further education (HE in FE). However, as noted by some literati, the culture of further education (FE) is not easy to define, and does not readily lend itself to the incorporation of a higher education (HE) culture. This could be due to the large number of changes FE has had to adopt owing to various government policies. The study comprises 26 in-depth individual interviews conducted at various further education colleges throughout the Yorkshire and Humber region of the UK. Via the use of an interpretivist approach, common themes and word use were extracted from the narratives for analysis. The organisational culture of these further education colleges was relatively easy to define, the word ‘blame’ being one of the common themes. However, when identifying if the individual colleges had a HE culture; this proved more difficult.
The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Progress in Supernova Theory and Experiments

Abstract The explosion of core-collapse supernova depends on a sequence of events taking place in less than a second in a region of a few hundred kilometers at the centre of a supergiant star, after the stellar core approaches the Chandrasekhar mass and collapses into a proto-neutron star, and before a shock wave is launched across the stellar envelope. Theoretical efforts to understand stellar death focus on the mechanism which transforms the collapse into an explosion. Progress in understanding this mechanism is reviewed with particular attention to its asymmetric character. We highlight a series of successful studies connecting observations of supernova remnants and pulsars properties to the theory of core-collapse using numerical simulations. The encouraging results from first principles models in axisymmetric simulations is tempered by new puzzles in 3D. The diversity of explosion paths and the dependence on the pre-collapse stellar structure is stressed, as well as the need to gain a better understanding of hydrodynamical and MHD instabilities such as standing accretion shock instability and neutrino-driven convection. The shallow water analogy of shock dynamics is presented as a comparative system where buoyancy effects are absent. This dynamical system can be studied numerically and also experimentally with a water fountain. The potential of this complementary research tool for supernova theory is analysed. We also review its potential for public outreach in science museums.
Pathways to flourishing of pharmacy students

The aim of this study was to investigate possible pathways to flourishing of pharmacy students. A survey design was used. The measuring battery consisted of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF), and questions about overload and lecturer support for task structuring. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. A total of 40.3% of the 779 pharmacy students flourished. The level of emotional wellbeing of year group 2 was the highest. Overload and lecturer support explained between 18 and 31% of the variance in flourishing of the different year groups. The relation between overload and flourishing did not differ between the four year groups. From the second to the third year, the predictive value of lecturer support for flourishing decreased. Lecturers‟ support and low overload play a positive role in the flourishing of pharmacy students. In the third study year, lecturer support moderated the relation between workload and flourishing. Therefore lecturer support played a more important role in terms of flourishing when workload was high.