Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS OF THE GALACTIC CENTER MICROQUASAR 1E 1740.7−2942

We present two Suzaku observations of the Galactic center microquasar 1E 1740.7−2942 separated by approximately 700 days. The source was observed on both occasions after a transition to the spectrally hard state. Significant emission from 1E 1740.7−2942 is detected out to an energy of 300 keV, with no spectral break or turnover evident in the data. We tentatively measure a lower limit to the cutoff energy of ∼380 keV. The spectra are found to be consistent with a Comptonized corona on both occasions, where the high energy emission is consistent with a hard power-law (Γ ∼ 1.8) with a significant contribution from an accretion disk with a temperature of ∼0.4 keV at soft X-ray energies. The measured value for the inner radius of the accretion disk is found to be inconsistent with the picture whereby the disk is truncated at large radii in the low-hard state and instead favors a radius close to the ISCO (Rin ∼ 10 − 20 Rg).
Intrinsic limitations of inverse inference in the pairwise Ising spin glass

We analyze the limits inherent to the inverse reconstruction of a pairwise Ising spin glass based on susceptibility propagation. We establish the conditions under which the susceptibility propagation algorithm is able to reconstruct the characteristics of the network given firstand second-order local observables, evaluate eventual errors due to various types of noise in the originally observed data, and discuss the scaling of the problem with the number of degrees of freedom.
Decision Tree Evaluation on Sensitive Datasets for Secure e-Healthcare Systems

By collecting and analyzing patients' e-healthcare data in Medical Internet-of-Things (MIOT), e-Healthcare providers can offer alternative and helpful evaluation services of the risk of diseases to patients. However, e-Healthcare providers cannot cope with the huge volumes of data and respond to this online service. Providers typically outsource medical data to powerful medical cloud servers. Since outsourced servers are not fully trusted, a direct evaluation service will inevitably result in privacy risks concerning the patient's identity or original medical data. It is hard to hide the results of an evaluation from the single-server model unless a fully homomorphic cryptosystem is used or the patients must communicate online with the cloud multiple times in an inefficient manner. With regards to these issues, this article proposes a Secure and Privacy-Preserving Decision Tree Evaluation scheme (namely SPP-DTE) to achieve secure disease diagnosis classification under e-Healthcare systems without revealing the sensitive information of patients such as physiological data or the private data of medical providers such as the structure of decision trees. Our proposed scheme uses modified KNN computation to match the similarity and preserve the confidentiality of raw data and also applies matrix randomization and monotonically increasing and one-way functions to confuse the intermediate results. The experiment is conducted in data sets from UCI machine learning repository of medical health data. Our analysis indicates that the proposed SPP-DTE scheme is efficient in terms of computational cost and communication overhead that is practical and efficient for privacy protection in e-Healthcare classification and diagnosis system.
Unsustainable Urban Development Based on Temporary Workers: A Study on the Changes of Immigration in Macau between 1992 and 2019

Macau’s urban development model has many unique characteristics, including expansion of the city through sea reclamation, increasing population mainly through immigration, and economic development driven by the gaming industry. Based on data from the Macau Statistics and Census Service, this study uses the Error Correction representation of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL-ECM) to analyze the impact of urban development on the trends of immigration and labor migration in Macau between 1992 and 2019. Results show that both land area and wage level have positive effects on the number of migrant workers and negative effects on the number of immigrants, indicating that Macau is over-dependent on short-term migrant workers. Macau’s land and human resources are tilted towards the gaming industry, resulting in a decreasing living environment and resident carrying capacity as the city develops. Therefore, this paper suggests that Macau should reduce the cost of city expansion and improve economic diversity through strengthening cooperation with neighboring mainland cities, hence sparing resources to absorb non-local talent and ensuring sustainable urban development.
The X-ray absorbing column densities of Swift gamma-ray bursts

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with the explosion of massive stars in star-forming regions. A large fraction of GRBs show intrinsic absorption as detected in optical spectra but absorption signatures are also detectable in the afterglow X-ray spectra. We present here a comprehensive analysis of the full sample of 93 GRBs with known redshift promptly observed by the Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT) up to 2009 June. The distribution of X-ray column densities clearly shows that GRBs are heavily absorbed indicating that they indeed occur in dense environments. Furthermore, there is a lack of heavily absorbed GRBs at low redshift (z ≲ 1-2) that might therefore be candidates for the missing 'dark' GRB population. However, there is no statistically significant correlation between the amount of X-ray absorption and the 'darkness' of a GRB. Finally, we compare the hydrogen column densities derived in the optical with those derived from X-ray absorption. The two distributions are different, with the optical column densities being lower than the X-ray ones, which is even more apparent when correcting for metallicity effects. The most likely explanation is photoionization of hydrogen in the circumburst material caused by the radiation field of the burst.
Composition-tuned magneto-optical Kerr effect in L10-MnxGa films with giant perpendicular anisotropy

We report the large polar magnetooptical Kerr effect in L10-MnxGa (0.76 ⩽ x ⩽ 1.29) epitaxial films with giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The Kerr rotation is enhanced by a factor of up to 2.5 by decreasing Mn atomic concentration, which most likely arises from the variation of the effective spin–orbit coupling strength, compensation effect of magnetic moments at different Mn atom sites, and overall strain. A significant tuning effect of composition is also observed on Kerr ellipticity and complex Kerr angle (including the magnitude and phase angle). The good epitaxial compatibility with semiconductors, moderate coercivity of 4.6–9.7 kOe, large Kerr rotation of up to 0.10°, high reflectivity of 35%–55% in a wide wavelength range of 400 ~ 850 nm, and giant magnetic anisotropic field of up to 140 kOe together make these L10-MnxGa films promising for scientific and technological applications in spintronics and terahertz-frequency magnetooptical modulators.
Further Improvement of Direct Solution-based FETI Algorithm

This paper presents an improved computational framework for the direct-solution-based finite element tearing and interconnecting (FETI) algorithm. The FETI-local algorithm is further improved herein, and localized Lagrange multipliers are used to define the interface among its subdomains. Selective inverse entry computation, using a property of the Boolean matrix, is employed for the computation of the subdomain interface stiffness and load, in which the original FETI-local algorithm requires a full matrix inverse computation of a high computational cost. In the global interface computation step, the original serial computation is replaced by a parallel multi-frontal method. The performance of the improved FETI-local algorithm was evaluated using a numerical example with 64 million degrees of freedom (DOFs). The computational time was reduced by up to 97.8% compared to that of the original algorithm. In addition, further stable and improved scalability was obtained in terms of a speed-up indicator. Furthermore, a performance comparison was conducted to evaluate the differences between the proposed algorithm and commercial software ANSYS using a large-scale computation with 432 million DOFs. Although ANSYS is superior in terms of computational time, the proposed algorithm has an advantage in terms of the speed-up increase per processor increase.
Note on black hole no hair theorems for massive forms and spin-1/2 fields

We give a proof of the non-perturbative no hair theorems for a massive 2-form field with 3-form field strength for general stationary axisymmetric and static (anti)-de Sitter or asymptotically flat black hole spacetimes with some suitable geometrical properties. The generalization of this result for higher form fields is discussed. Next, we discuss the perturbative no hair theorems for massive spin-1/2 fields for general static backgrounds with electric or magnetic charge. Some generalization of this result for stationary axisymmetric spacetimes are also discussed. All calculations are done in arbitrary spacetime dimensions.
Lindblad Equation for the Inelastic Loss of Ultracold Atoms

The loss of ultracold trapped atoms due to deeply inelastic reactions has previously been taken into account in effective field theories for low-energy atoms by adding local anti-Hermitian terms to the effective Hamiltonian. Here we show that when multi-atom systems are considered, an additional modification is required in the equation governing the density matrix. We define an effective density matrix by tracing over the states containing high-momentum atoms produced by deeply inelastic reactions. We show that it satisfies a Lindblad equation, with local Lindblad operators determined by the local anti-Hermitian terms in the effective Hamiltonian. We use the Lindblad equation to derive the universal relation for the two-atom inelastic loss rate for fermions with two spin states and the universal relation for the three-atom inelastic loss rate for identical bosons.
First results from the TNG50 simulation: galactic outflows driven by supernovae and black hole feedback

We present the new TNG50 cosmological, magnetohydrodynamical simulation – the third and final volume of the IllustrisTNG project. This simulation occupies a unique combination of large volume and high resolution, with a 50 Mpc box sampled by 21603 gas cells (baryon mass of 8 × 104 M⊙). The median spatial resolution of star-forming interstellar medium gas is ∼100−140 pc. This resolution approaches or exceeds that of modern ‘zoom’ simulations of individual massive galaxies, while the volume contains ∼20 000 resolved galaxies with $M_\star \gtrsim 10^7$ M⊙. Herein we show first results from TNG50, focusing on galactic outflows driven by supernovae as well as supermassive black hole feedback. We find that the outflow mass loading is a non-monotonic function of galaxy stellar mass, turning over and rising rapidly above 1010.5 M⊙ due to the action of the central black hole (BH). The outflow velocity increases with stellar mass, and at fixed mass it is faster at higher redshift. The TNG model can produce high-velocity, multiphase outflows that include cool, dense components. These outflows reach speeds in excess of 3000 km s−1 out to 20 kpc with an ejective, BH-driven origin. Critically, we show how the relative simplicity of model inputs (and scalings) at the injection scale produces complex behaviour at galactic and halo scales. For example, despite isotropic wind launching, outflows exhibit natural collimation and an emergent bipolarity. Furthermore, galaxies above the star-forming main sequence drive faster outflows, although this correlation inverts at high mass with the onset of quenching, whereby low-luminosity, slowly accreting, massive BHs drive the strongest outflows.
Probing AGN inner structure with X-ray obscured type 1 AGN

Using the X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the XMM-XXL north survey and the SDSS Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) spectroscopic follow-up of them, we compare the properties of X-ray unobscured and obscured broad-line AGN (BLAGN1 and BLAGN2; $N_\textrm{H}$below and above $10^{21.5}$ cm$^{-2}$), including their X-ray luminosity $L_X$, black hole mass, Eddington ratio $\lambda_{\textrm{Edd}}$, optical continuum and line features. We find that BLAGN2 have systematically larger broad line widths and hence apparently higher (lower) $M_{\textrm{BH}}$ ($\lambda_{\textrm{Edd}}$) than BLAGN1. We also find that the X-ray obscuration in BLAGN tends to coincide with optical dust extinction, which is optically thinner than that in narrow-line AGN (NLAGN) and likely partial-covering to the broad line region. All the results can be explained in the framework of a multi-component, clumpy torus model by interpreting BLAGN2 as an intermediate type between BLAGN1 and NLAGN in terms of an intermediate inclination angle.
Understanding Consumer Adoption of Mobile Banking: Extending the UTAUT2 Model with Proactive Personality

Mobile banking is an innovative solution for improving financial inclusion; however, the use of this technology is still very limited in developing countries. Consequently, this study aims to investigate elements affecting mobile banking adoption in a developing country context by applying the well-known Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology two (UTAUT2) model. Since most existing investigations on mobile banking using the UTAUT2 neglect the effects of personality traits, this investigation extends the UTAUT2 with a new antecedent not considered in previous studies, the consumer proactive personality. This study empirically tests the proposed partial mediation model using path analysis with data collected from Lebanese bank customers who are current non-users of mobile banking. Results show a full mediation model, confirming that some UTAUT2 drivers fully mediate the effect that proactive personality has on consumer intention to adopt mobile banking and highlighting the relevance of proactive personality on all UTAUT2 drivers. This study expands the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology two and examines how a personality trait—proactive personality—relates to mobile banking adoption through the UTAUT2 perceptions in a developing country context.
Quantum kinetic Ising models

In this paper, we introduce a quantum generalization of classical kinetic Ising models (KIM), described by a certain class of quantum many-body master equations. Similarly to KIMs with detailed balance that are equivalent to certain Hamiltonian systems, our models reduce to a set of Hamiltonian systems determining the dynamics of the elements of the many-body density matrix. The ground states of these Hamiltonians are well described by the matrix product, or pair entangled projected states. We discuss critical properties of such Hamiltonians, as well as entanglement properties of their low-energy states.
Long-Term Water Quality Prediction Using Integrated Water Quality Indices and Advanced Deep Learning Models: A Case Study of Chaohu Lake, China, 2019–2022

The rapid development of urban industrialization has had many negative effects on the quality of water sources around cities. Long-term prediction of water quality can be of great help to the conservation of water environment. This case tries to use several popular deep learning models, such as RNN, LSTM, MLP, and Transformer-based models to predict the long-term integrated water quality index in the Chaohu Lake area. The dataset is derived from daily monitoring data from four monitoring sites within Chaohu Lake from 2019 to 2022, and the long-term prediction performance of the model is evaluated using MAE and MSE as evaluation metrics. The experimental results showed that all models selected in this case achieved good results within the study area, but Informer performed more prominently (MSE = 0.2455, MAE = 0.2449) as the length of the prediction series increased. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of popular deep learning models in the field of WQI prediction, especially the significant advantage of transformer-based models represented by Informer in long-term water quality prediction, which will further provide an effective modern tool for water quality monitoring and management.
Bottom-Emitting Coherently Coupled Vertical Cavity Laser Arrays

Two-dimensional coherently coupled photonic crystal ion-implanted bottom emitting vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays are demonstrated. Subthreshold luminescence shows uniform current injection below threshold, benefiting from the improved contact alignment compared with the top emitting arrays. In-phase operation has been achieved in 2×2 and 3×3 arrays at lasing threshold. A remaining challenge is achieving uniform current distribution above lasing threshold for larger arrays due to the variation of series resistance through each of the elements of the arrays.
Cold Molecular Outflows in the Local Universe and Their Feedback Effect on Galaxies

We study molecular outflows in a sample of 45 local galaxies, both star forming and AGN, primarily by using CO data from the ALMA archive and from the literature. For a subsample we also compare the molecular outflow with the ionized and neutral atomic phases. We infer an empirical analytical function relating the outflow rate simultaneously to the SFR, $L_{\rm AGN}$, and galaxy stellar mass; this relation is much tighter than the relations with the individual quantities. The outflow kinetic power shows a larger scatter than in previous, more biased studies, spanning from 0.1 to 5 per cent of $L_{\rm AGN}$, while the momentum rate ranges from 1 to 30 times $L_{\rm AGN}/c$, indicating that these outflows can be both energy-driven, but with a broad range of coupling efficiencies with the ISM, and radiation pressure-driven. For about 10 per cent of the objects the outflow energetics significantly exceed the maximum theoretical values; we interpret these as 'fossil outflows' resulting from activity of a past strong AGN, which has now faded. We estimate that, in the stellar mass range probed here ($>$ 10$^{10}~\rm M_{\odot}$), less than 5 per cent of the outflowing gas escapes the galaxy. The molecular gas depletion time associated with the outflow can be as short as a few million years in powerful AGN, however, the total gas (H$_2$+HI) depletion times are much longer. Altogether, our findings suggest that even AGN-driven outflows might be relatively ineffective in clearing galaxies of their entire gas content, although they are likely capable of clearing and quenching the central region.
Immersive Surgical Anatomy of the Far-Lateral Approach

The far-lateral (FL) approach is a classic neurosurgical technique that enables access to the craniocervical junction, which includes the lower clivus, the anterior foramen magnum, and the first two cervical vertebrae. The FL approach also provides access to the inferior cranial nerves (i.e., CN IX, CN X, CN XI, and CN XII), distal portions of the vertebral artery (VA), and inferior basilar trunk. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) technology as well as dissections allow for a better understanding of the spatial relationships between anatomical landmarks and neurovascular structures encountered during neurosurgical procedures. This study aims to create a collection of volumetric models (VMs) obtained from cadaveric dissections that depict the FL approach's relevant anatomy and surgical techniques. We describe the relevant multilayer anatomy involved in the FL approach and discuss modifications of this approach as well. Five embalmed heads and two dry skulls were used to record and simulate the FL approach. Relevant steps and anatomy of the FL approach were recorded using 3D scanning technology (e.g., photogrammetry and structured light scanning) to construct high-resolution VMs. Images and VMs were generated to demonstrate major anatomical landmarks for the FL approach. The interactive models allow for clear visualization of the surgical anatomy and windows in 3D and extended reality, rendering a closer look at the nuances of the topography experienced in the laboratory. VMs can be valuable resources for surgical planning and anatomical education by accurately depicting important landmarks.
Jets and Gamma-Ray Burst Unification Schemes

There are several lines of evidence indicating that the ultra-relativistic outflows powering gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are collimated into narrow jets. However, these are indirect, and the jet structure is rather poorly constrained. What is more, the jet dynamics have still not been investigated in detail. It has been suggested that the observed variety between different long duration events, ranging from bright spectrally hard GRBs, to dimmer and spectrally softer X-ray flashes (XRFs) may be largely due to different viewing angles (or lines of sight) relative to rather similar relativistic jets. Here we describe the current state of knowledge on these topics, explain some of the most relevant physics behind some of the basic principles, and discuss prospects for the future.
Itraconazole Amorphous Solid Dispersion Tablets: Formulation and Compaction Process Optimization Using Quality by Design Principles and Tools

BCS Class II drugs, such as itraconazole (ITZ), exhibit poor solubility (1–4 ng/mL) and so require solubility enhancement. Therefore, ITZ and Kollidon® VA64 (KOL) amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) were produced using hot-melt extrusion (HME) to improve ITZ’s poor solubility. A novel strategy for tablet formulations using five inorganic salts was investigated (KCl, NaCl, KBr, KHCO3 and KH2PO4). These kosmotopric salts are thought to compete for water hydration near the polymer chain, hence, preventing polymer gelation and, therefore, facilitating disintegration and dissolution. Out of all the formulations, the KCl containing one demonstrated acceptable tensile strength (above 1.7 MPa), whilst providing a quick disintegration time (less than 15 min) and so was selected for further formulation development through a design of the experiment approach. Seven ITZ-KOL-ASD formulations with KCl were compacted using round and oblong punches. Round tablets were found to disintegrate under 20 min, whereas oblong tablets disintegrated within 10 min. The round tablets achieved over 80% ITZ release within 15 min, with six out of seven formulations achieving 100% ITZ release by 30 min. It was found that tablets comprising high levels of Avicel® pH 102 (30%) and low levels of KCl (5%) tend to fail the disintegration target due to the strong bonding capacity of Avicel® pH 102. The disintegration time and tensile strength responses were modeled to obtain design spaces (DSs) relevant to both round and oblong tablets. Within the DS, several formulations can be chosen, which meet the Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) requirements for immediate-release round and oblong tablets and allow for flexibility to compact in different tablet shape to accommodate patients’ needs. It was concluded that the use of inorganic salts, such as KCl, is the key to producing tablets of ITZ ASDs with fast disintegration and enhanced dissolution. Overall, ITZ-KOL-ASD tablet formulations, which meet the QTPP, were achieved in this study with the aid of Quality by Design (QbD) principles for formulation and compaction process development and optimization.