Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remote Ischemic Perconditioning as an Adjunct Therapy to Thrombolysis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Trial

Background and Purpose— Remote ischemic preconditioning is neuroprotective in models of acute cerebral ischemia. We tested the effect of prehospital rPerC as an adjunct to treatment with intravenous alteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods— Open-label blinded outcome proof-of-concept study of prehospital, paramedic-administered rPerC at a 1:1 ratio in consecutive patients with suspected acute stroke. After neurological examination and MRI, patients with verified stroke receiving alteplase treatment were included and received MRI at 24 hours and 1 month and clinical re-examination after 3 months. The primary end point was penumbral salvage, defined as the volume of the perfusion–diffusion mismatch not progressing to infarction after 1 month. Results— Four hundred forty-three patients were randomized after provisional consent, 247 received rPerC and 196 received standard treatment. Patients with a nonstroke diagnosis (n=105) were excluded from further examinations. The remaining patients had transient ischemic attack (n=58), acute ischemic stroke (n=240), or hemorrhagic stroke (n=37). Transient ischemic attack was more frequent (P=0.006), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission was lower (P=0.016) in the intervention group compared with controls. Penumbral salvage, final infarct size at 1 month, infarct growth between baseline and 1 month, and clinical outcome after 3 months did not differ among groups. After adjustment for baseline perfusion and diffusion lesion severity, voxelwise analysis showed that rPerC reduced tissue risk of infarction (P=0.0003). Conclusions— Although the overall results were neutral, a tissue survival analysis suggests that prehospital rPerC may have immediate neuroprotective effects. Future clinical trials should take such immediate effects, and their duration, into account. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00975962.
Remote Ischemic Perconditioning as an Adjunct Therapy to Thrombolysis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Intravenous administration of alteplase (rtPA) within 4.5 hours of symptom onset is currently the only approved drug treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Various forms of neuroprotection have proven effective in animal models of acute ischemia, but their translation into successful therapies in human stroke has so far been unsuccessful. Remote ischemic preconditioning, by which ischemia induced in 1 organ leads to ischemic tolerance in other organs, is a potent endogenous protective mechanism. Preconditioning is not practical in a clinical setting because it must be initiated before the ischemic event. Remote ischemic perconditioning (rPerC) by which the sublethal ischemic stimulus is administered during the ischemic event may, however, be beneficial after an acute stroke. Both remote ischemic preand perconditioning have now been proven effective in animal models, and remote Background and Purpose—Remote ischemic preconditioning is neuroprotective in models of acute cerebral ischemia. We tested the effect of prehospital rPerC as an adjunct to treatment with intravenous alteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods—Open-label blinded outcome proof-of-concept study of prehospital, paramedic-administered rPerC at a 1:1 ratio in consecutive patients with suspected acute stroke. After neurological examination and MRI, patients with verified stroke receiving alteplase treatment were included and received MRI at 24 hours and 1 month and clinical re-examination after 3 months. The primary end point was penumbral salvage, defined as the volume of the perfusion–diffusion mismatch not progressing to infarction after 1 month. Results—Four hundred forty-three patients were randomized after provisional consent, 247 received rPerC and 196 received standard treatment. Patients with a nonstroke diagnosis (n=105) were excluded from further examinations. The remaining patients had transient ischemic attack (n=58), acute ischemic stroke (n=240), or hemorrhagic stroke (n=37). Transient ischemic attack was more frequent (P=0.006), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission was lower (P=0.016) in the intervention group compared with controls. Penumbral salvage, final infarct size at 1 month, infarct growth between baseline and 1 month, and clinical outcome after 3 months did not differ among groups. After adjustment for baseline perfusion and diffusion lesion severity, voxelwise analysis showed that rPerC reduced tissue risk of infarction (P=0.0003). Conclusions—Although the overall results were neutral, a tissue survival analysis suggests that prehospital rPerC may have immediate neuroprotective effects. Future clinical trials should take such immediate effects, and their duration, into account. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00975962. (Stroke. 2014;45:00-00.)
Interactive synchrony and infants’ vagal tone as an index of emotion regulation: associations within each mother- and father-infant dyad and across dyads

Introduction Studies have shown that infants’ emotion regulation capacities are closely linked to the quality of parent-infant interactions. However, these links have been mostly studied in mother-infant dyads and less is known about how the quality of father-infant interactions contributes to the development of emotion regulation during infancy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the links between interactive synchrony (i.e., an index of the quality of parent-infant coordination of interactive behaviors) and infants’ vagal tone (i.e., a physiological index of emotion regulation). To understand the respective contributions of both parents, as well as the interrelations between the functioning of both dyads within a family, we observed mothers and fathers from 84 families interacting with their infants. Methods Synchrony was assessed by using the CARE-Index; infants’ vagal tone was derived from the analysis of infants’ electrocardiograms recorded during the interactions. Moreover, to take the play’s order into account, we counterbalanced the procedure, so that approximately half of the mothers played first. We specified a first structural equation modeling (SEM) model to investigate the associations between interactive synchrony and the infants’ root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), an index of vagal regulation, in the two successive parts of the play. We conducted a multigroup analysis in a second SEM model to investigate the associations of the first SEM model in two groups based on the order of interaction. Results The results of the SEM models showed that greater synchrony was related to greater infant RMSSD within mother-infant dyads and across one dyad to the other dyad in the full sample and in the group of fathers who interacted first with the infants. The associations between synchrony and infant vagal tone within father-infant dyads never appeared to be significant, nor did any associations within each dyad and across dyads when mothers interacted first. Discussion This study highlights that the links between interactions and infants’ vagal tone are sensitive to family members’ interdependencies and some conditions (the order of interaction).
3-D Shape Measurement of Translucent Objects Based on Fringe Projection

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) has been widely used in various fields because of its advantages of noncontact, nondestructive, high precision, and high speed. However, due to the subsurface scattering effect, FPP encounters severe challenges when performing 3-D measurements of translucent objects. Based on FPP, this article proposes a novel 3-D measurement method for translucent objects using periodic line-fringe patterns and complementary Gray code patterns. By photographing a set of periodic line-fringe patterns with different phases and performing multi-Gaussian sum fitting on the grayscale values of the same pixel position in different images, the wrapping phase of the fringe corresponding to the maximum fit grayscale value can be obtained. Furthermore, a novel complementary Gray code method is proposed to solve the absolute phase, which avoids phase unwrapping errors caused by subsurface scattering. Comparative experimental results show that the point cloud of translucent objects obtained using the proposed 3-D reconstruction method is more complete, denser, and smoother, and more accurate. The fitting diameter errors of the reconstruction results of the translucent nylon sphere and polypropylene (PP) sphere are 0.025 and 0.044 mm, respectively. In addition, our method can use the conventional binocular stereo vision system based on grating projection, without modifying the hardware system.
Monitoring the Evolution of the Kaiwhata Landslide in New Zealand using Object-based Image Analysis and Sentinel-2 Time Series

Landslides are among the most serious geological hazards in mountainous and hilly areas of New Zealand, where they frequently cause significant damage and landscape changes. Monitoring the evolution of landslides and their consequences can help to mitigate hazards that could arise in later reactivation phases or in similar cases. The abundance of time-series remote sensing data has facilitated the mapping and monitoring of landslides. By applying object-based image analysis (OBIA) and using Sentinel-2 satellite data from 2017 to 2021, we aim to semi-automatically map the evolution of the Kaiwhata landslide and the subsequent impacts on the upstream area in the Wairarapa region in New Zealand. The OBIA mapping results revealed a gradual increase in the landslide area, with two major changes in June 2019 and November 2020. These major changes were followed by the formation of temporary landslide-dammed upstream lakes along the Kaiwhata river.
Allometric relationships between sapwood area and shrub dimensions for six common Southern African savanna bush encroacher species: Universal or species‐specific?

Southern African savanna rangelands are facing a widespread degradation pattern called bush encroachment. This is associated with implications for various aspects of the water cycle and in particular canopy transpiration. At the individual‐tree scale, it is estimated by scaling sap‐flux density by sapwood area. However, the direct measurement of sapwood area is impracticable at landscape scale and general allometric equations of the West‐Brown‐Enquist (WBE) model relating sapwood area to primary size measures seem to fail for some species and climates. Therefore, we conducted intensive field measurements to establish species‐specific allometric relationships between sapwood area and sizes (stem diameter, crown area) in six dominant shrub species involved in bush encroachment in Namibia (Colophospermum mopane, Senegalia mellifera, Vachellia reficiens, Dichrostachys cinerea, Vachellia nebrownii, Catophractes alexandri). We found strong allometric relationships between sapwood area and stem diameter as well as between sapwood area and crown area for all six species. These relations are largely in line with the WBE theory but still provide estimates that are more accurate. Only in D. cinerea, the sapwood area was significantly smaller than predicted by the WBE theory, which might be caused by a larger need for stabilizing heartwood. Our results are useful to estimate water loss via transpiration at a large scale using remote sensing techniques and can promote our understanding of the ecohydrological conditions that drive species‐specific bush encroachment in savannas. This is particularly important in the light of climate change, which is considered to have major implications on ecohydrological processes in savannas.
Surging of a Hudson Strait-scale ice stream: subglacial hydrology matters but the process details mostly do not

Abstract. While subglacial hydrology is known to play a role in glacial dynamics on sub-annual to decadal scales, it remains unclear whether subglacial hydrology plays a critical role in ice sheet evolution on centennial or longer timescales. Furthermore, several drainage systems have been inferred, but it is unclear which is most applicable at the continental/glacial scale. More fundamentally, it is even unclear if the structural choice of subglacial hydrology truly matters for this context. Here we compare the contribution to the surge behaviour of an idealized Hudson Strait-like ice stream from three subglacial hydrology systems. We use the newly updated BAsal Hydrology Model – BrAHMs2.0 – and provide model verification tests. BrAHMs2.0 incorporates two process-based representations of inefficient drainage dominant in the literature (linked cavity and poro-elastic) and a non-mass-conserving zero-dimensional form (herein termed leaky bucket) coupled to an ice sheet systems model (the Glacial Systems Model, GSM). The linked-cavity and poro-elastic configurations include an efficient drainage scheme while the leaky bucket does not. All three systems have a positive feedback on ice velocity, whereby faster basal velocities increase melt supply. The poro-elastic and leaky-bucket systems have diagnostic effective pressure relationships – only the linked-cavity system has an additional negative feedback, whereby faster basal ice velocities increase the dynamical effective pressure due to higher cavity opening rates. We examine the contribution of mass transport, efficient drainage, and the linked-cavity negative feedback to surging. We also assess the likely bounds on poorly constrained subglacial hydrology parameters and adopt an ensemble approach to study their impact and interactions within those bounds. We find that subglacial hydrology is an important system inductance for realistic ice stream surging but that the three formulations all exhibit similar surge behaviour within parametric uncertainties. Even a detail as fundamental as mass-conserving transport of subglacial water is not necessary for simulating a full range of surge frequency and amplitude. However, one difference is apparent: the combined positive and negative feedbacks of the linked-cavity system yield longer duration surges and a broader range of effective pressures than its poro-elastic and leaky-bucket counterparts.
Chemosensory Receptor Expression in the Abdomen Tip of the Female Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Simple Summary The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a major global agricultural pest of apple, pear, and walnut, and its behaviors are largely influenced by taste and smell. Different protein families that function as chemosensory receptors mediate detection of compounds from the environment. Manipulation of codling moth behaviors by using these compounds in orchards has been a successful approach to reduce fruit damage. This approach, however, has largely targeted male behaviors. Since it is the females that lay eggs, which propagate the species, in this report we sought to learn more about female behaviors. Specifically, we examined gene expression of the smell and taste receptors in female codling moth abdomen tip organs involved in egg-laying behaviors. We identified sets of both smell and taste receptor genes expressed in the abdomen tip that are likely candidates to influence egg-laying decisions. We also determined that expression of some of these receptors is increased or decreased after mating. These results increase our knowledge about the genes that can influence female codling moth behaviors. Future research will study the role of individual receptors with the aim of identifying taste and smell compounds that can be used to manipulate female codling moth behaviors in orchards. Abstract In insects, the chemical senses influence most vital behaviors, including mate seeking and egg laying; these sensory modalities are predominantly governed by odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and gustatory receptors (GRs). The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a global pest of apple, pear, and walnut, and semiochemically based management strategies limit the economic impacts of this species. The previous report of expression of a candidate pheromone-responsive OR in female codling moth ovipositor and pheromone glands raises further questions about the chemosensory capacity of these organs. With an RNA-sequencing approach, we examined chemoreceptors’ expression in the female codling moth abdomen tip, sampling tissues from mated and unmated females and pupae. We report 37 ORs, 22 GRs, and 18 IRs expressed in our transcriptome showing overlap with receptors expressed in adult antennae as well as non-antennal candidate receptors. A quantitative PCR approach was also taken to assess the effect of mating on OR expression in adult female moths, revealing a few genes to be upregulated or downregulating after mating. These results provide a better understanding of the chemosensory role of codling moth female abdomen tip organs in female-specific behaviors. Future research will determine the function of specific receptors to augment current semiochemical-based strategies for codling moth management.
Spatio-temporal pattern of land use change and its eco-environmental response in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Region

The Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou(S-X-C)region is one of the hottest spots for socio-economic development in China, the land use change and corresponding eco-environmental problems have intensified further. Taking 12 county-level cities and districts of the region as study units, the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics were revealed and eco-environmental situation was evaluated, based on Landsat TM data in 1980, 1995, 2000 and relevant statistical and investigation data on eco-environment. Further, this paper mainly analyzes the eco-environmental responses to spatio-temporal distribution of land use change. Results of the study show: (1) The dominant types of land use change from 1980 to 2000 are the land expansion for urban onstruction purpose and sharp decrease of cultivated land. The conversion of paddy fields to urban and rural construction land dispersed in every unit. However, the conversion of other different land types relatively concentrated in several main units. And the number of dominant types of land use change more from was greater 1995 to 2000 than that 15 yearsago. (2) As an index used to measure land use diversity, Dj showed that there were different land use structure in every unit, and the diversity degree between every two units was different but the difference showed a tendency of decreasing. The information entropy of land use structure was used to weigh land use system orderliness. On the one hand, it showed that land use system tended to be more and more disordered in the majority of units, on the other hand, the disordered degree becomes gredter more obvious with the development of society and economy. In addition, the index V indicated the similar character of land use change rate with land use system orderliness. (3) Eco-environmental situation tended to deteriorate gradually in most units, especially in the recent five years (1995-2000). There were distinct and different eco-environmental responses to land use change and its spatio-temporal distribution. The phenomenon was more outstanding in the main units of land use change. (4)In different units, the eco-environmental status responded differently to the orderliness and comprehensive change rate of land use. Moreover, the response and its differentiation increased to different degrees with the change of land use. In general, the paper emphasizes the response of eco-environment to land use change and its spatio-temporal distribution characteristics. It puts forward suggestions concerning the adjustment of land use planning, industrial policy and the optimization of land use pattern and improvement of land use mode, on the basis of simulation and prediction of land use change and its possible eco-environmental response.
Coda Q in Different Tectonic Areas, Influence of Processing Parameters

Abstract Published results of coda Q show a large variation in values. These variations are often claimed to be related to different tectonics, whereas they might just be related to using different assumptions in the processing, leading to different input parameters for the analysis. In this study, the effect of using different processing parameters is investigated and significant differences, particularly at low frequencies, are observed. We find a new set of optimal parameters, which we recommend using in future studies. Using a short lapse time of 30 s and optimal parameters, data from both similar and very different tectonic regions are used to calculate coda Q using the same program and the same parameters. The regions considered are eastern Anatolia, the Azores, Jan Mayen, northwestern and central Argentina, the Shanxi rift system in China, and southwestern Norway. We obtain the following relations: eastern Anatolia ( Q =88 f 0.66 ), Azores ( Q =86 f 0.70 ), Jan Mayen ( Q =90 f 0.72 ), northwestern and central Argentina ( Q =89 f 0.94 ), Shanxi rift system ( Q =99 f 0.89 ), and southwestern Norway ( Q =124 f 0.91 ). The results show that coda Q is very similar for regions of similar tectonics and significantly different for regions with varying tectonics. Using alternative, more common parameters gives different Q , but the regional differences remain, so which parameters to use to get correct coda Q values is still uncertain. However, coda Q can clearly distinguish different tectonic areas provided identical processing parameters are used, even if they are not optimal.