Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensory-memory-based change detection in face stimuli

Detection of a change in face is a socially important skill. Both event-related potential (ERP) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements were conducted using face stimuli presented in an oddball paradigm to investigate detection of a change in face identity and facial expression. In condition 1, a nontarget deviant neutral face was presented among standard happy faces. In condition 2, the same deviant neutral face was presented with a standard neutral face of another person. The task in both conditions was silent counting of a second deviant (face with glasses). Non-target deviants elicited more negative ERP and corresponding MEG responses than standards in both conditions. This negativity was strongest at lateral posterior channels around 280 ms. Responses to the same deviant neutral face differed in two conditions. Deviance-related negativity resembled auditory mismatch negativity (MMN). Different responses to the same deviant in the two conditions suggest the existence of a sensory-memory trace for the standard to which the deviant was compared.
Current Knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and Trichosporonosis

SUMMARY Trichosporon spp. are basidiomycetous yeast-like fungi found widely in nature. Clinical isolates are generally related to superficial infections. However, this fungus has been recognized as an opportunistic agent of invasive infections, mostly in cancer patients and those exposed to invasive medical procedures. It is possible that the ability of Trichosporon strains to form biofilms on implanted devices, the presence of glucuronoxylomannan in their cell walls, and the ability to produce proteases and lipases are all factors likely related to the virulence of this genus and therefore may account for the progress of invasive trichosporonosis. Disseminated trichosporonosis has been increasingly reported worldwide and represents a challenge for both diagnosis and species identification. Phenotypic identification methods are useful for Trichosporon sp. screening, but only molecular methods, such as IGS region sequencing, allow the complete identification of Trichosporon isolates at the species level. Methods for the diagnosis of invasive trichosporonosis include PCR-based methods, Luminex xMAP technology, and, more recently, proteomics. Treating patients with trichosporonosis remains a challenge because of limited data on the in vitro and in vivo activities of antifungal drugs against clinically relevant species of the genus. Despite the mentioned limitations, the use of antifungal regimens containing triazoles appears to be the best therapeutic approach.
On the relationship between mobbing factors, and job content, social work environment, and health outcomes

Abstract This article analyses the relationship between mobbing, job characteristics, social environment variables, and psychological ill-health. The Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terrorization (LIFT) was factor analysed and led to seven factors in two samples of mobbing victims (N = 50 and N = 99): Mobbing by organizational measures, social isolation, attacking the victim's private life, attacking the victim's attitudes, physical violence, verbal aggression, and rumours. Mobbing was correlated with bad job content, a bad social environment, and psychological ill-health. The findings suggest that the more social support supervisors gave, the less the victims reported being shouted at, being constantly criticized, and receiving verbal threats. In contrast, the more social support the victims received from their colleagues the less they reported being socially isolated or being ridiculed with regard to their private life. Moreover, having private life attacked showed the strongest correlation with psyc.
The Rational Choice Generalization of Neoclassical Economics Reconsidered: Any Theoretical Legitimation for Economic Imperialism?*

The article reconsiders the generalization of neoclassical economics by modern rational choice theory. Hence, it reexamines the possible theoretical grounds or lack thereof within neoclassical economics for economic imperialism implied in much of rational choice theory. Some indicative instances of rational choice theory's generalization of neoclassical economics are reviewed. The main portion of the article addresses the question as to whether neoclassical economics allows its generalization in rational choice theory and thus legitimizes economic imperialism. Presented are a number of pertinent theoretical reasons why neoclassical economics does not fully justify its generalization into rational choice as a general social theory, particularly into an overarching economic approach to social action and society. Also discussed are some theoretical implications of the rational choice generalization of neoclassical economics. The main contribution of the article is to detect lack of a strong theoretical rationale in much of neoclassical economics for rational choice theory's manifest or latent economic imperialism.
Go with the flow: The experience and affective outcomes of solo versus social gameplay

This study examined differences in flow experiences and post-gameplay Positive and Negative Mood between solo and social digital gaming. This was achieved by obtaining gamers’ (N = 302) retrospective ratings of the experience of flow and post-gameplay mood based on recent solo and social gaming experiences, through the use of an online questionnaire. Positive mood was found to be significantly higher following social compared with solo gameplay, suggesting that playing games with others enhances enjoyment of the activity. Different levels of flow in gameplay were also found to be related to positive mood following both solo and social gameplay. There were no observed differences in experiences of flow and post-gameplay mood between online and offline, or competitive and cooperative gaming contexts. The findings suggest that “group flow” may be a useful concept in understanding the dynamics of social gaming as this has not been sufficiently examined in the current videogame literature.
Alcibiades the Schoolboy Redux, or the Impossibility of Childhood Sexuality

ABSTRACT The modern intrigue of “childhood sexuality” is considered a transcript of the incest taboo: a formulaic stipulation of social ungrammaticality. Appeals to empirical research in attempts to negotiate with this stipulated impossibility need to consider that the empirical imaginary of “sexuality” is precisely the modern face to taboo: a congratulatory “explanation” of social provisos that works to conscribe Child to Family, Community, and Nation. Criticism must either tackle this regime of conscription and intelligibility, or find itself reiterating it to unfortunate extents.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Enrichment near Tricellular Endothelial Junctions Is Preferentially Associated with Leukocyte Transmigration and Signals for Reorganization of These Junctions To Accommodate Leukocyte Passage

Leukocyte transmigration occurs at specific locations (portals) on the endothelium, but the nature of these portals is not clear. Using intravital confocal microscopy of anesthetized mouse cremaster muscle in combination with immunofluorescence labeling, we showed that in microvessels transmigration is mainly junctional and preferentially occurs at tricellular endothelial junctional regions. Our data suggest that enrichment of ICAM-1 near ∼43% of these junctions makes these locations preferred for transmigration by signaling the location of a nearby portal, as well as preparing the endothelial cell (EC) junctions, to accommodate leukocyte passage. Blockade of the extracellular domain of the ICAM-1 significantly reduced transmigration (by 68.8 ± 4.5%) by reducing the ability of leukocytes to get to these portals. In contrast, blockade of the cytoplasmic tail of ICAM-1 reduced transmigration (by 71.1 ± 7.0%) by disabling VE-cadherin rearrangement. Importantly, venular convergences are optimally equipped to support leukocyte transmigration. Differences in EC morphology result in a significantly higher number of tricellular junctions in convergences compared with straight venular regions (20.7 ± 1.2 versus 12.43 ± 1.1/6000 μm2, respectively). Consequently, leukocyte adhesion and transmigration are significantly higher in convergences compared with straight regions (1.6- and 2.6-fold, respectively). Taken together, these data identify an important role for EC morphology and expression patterns of ICAM-1 in leukocyte transmigration.
Acquired Dyslexia in Spanish: A Review and Some Observations on a New Case of Deep Dyslexia

Readers and writers of Spanish use an orthography that is highly transparent. It has been proposed that readers of Spanish can rely on grapheme-phoneme correspondences, alone, to access meaning or phonology from print. In recent years, a number of case studies have yielded evidence inconsistent with this idea. We review these studies with particular focus on those that report evidence for reading based on direct lexical mappings between print, orthographic representations, and meaning or phonology. We report a new case of acquired literacy impairment in Spanish, MJ, who presents a pattern of preserved abilities and deficits symptomatic of deep dyslexia. The patient is unable to read nonwords, but can read a substantial number of words. Her reading is characterized by the production of semantic, visual, and derivational errors. We argue that MJ has a deficit in her lexical selection ability, common to both her reading and her naming problems. We propose that MJ, and the other cases we review, demonstrate that lexical reading is adopted by skilled readers even in a transparent language.
Leadership, Spirituality, and the College as a Mentoring Environment

Both leadership and spirituality have become catalytic words in the current discourse related to the purposes of higher education. It is clear that leadership and spirituality are necessarily related when one draws on distinctions between authority and leadership described by Ronald Heifetz’s pioneering work at Harvard’s Kennedy School. Spirituality must be broadly defined, distinguished from religion, and both subject to continual testing in the practice of critical thought. The academy in its vocation as a formative educational institution committed to the intellectual life does, by intention or default, shape spiritual/religious understanding and affect the capacity of the next generation for leadership in a time of profound cultural change.
Trauma and ADHD – Association or Diagnostic Confusion? A Clinical Perspective

In recent years, a growing body of research has developed to examine the relationship between exposure to traumatic events in childhood and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; Daud and Rydelius, 2009; Famularo et al., 1996; Ford et al., 2000; Lipschitz, Morgan and Southwick, 2002; McLeer et al., 1998; Cuffe, McCullough and Pumariega, 1994; Husain, Allwood and Bell, 2008). It is not surprising that these two areas are being evaluated, as cognitive and emotional disruptions that occur in response to trauma, such as difficulty concentrating, dysregulated affect, irritability, and hyperarousal, either overlap with ADHD symptomatology or exasperate it (Barkley, Grodzinsky and DuPaul, 1992; Daud and Rydelius, 2009; De Bellis, 2001; Ford et al., 2000; Jennings et al., 1997). From an epidemiological perspective, trauma exposure and ADHD are pervasive in childhood. Up to half of children in community samples, as well as two-thirds of children in psychiatric samples, have witnessed or experienced trauma (Boney-McCoy and Finkelhor, 1995). The overall rate for ADHD diagnoses varies from seven to twenty-nine percent among school-age children (see review by Barkley, 2006). Because both phenomena are prevalent, it is not surprising that they often overlap (Wozniak et al., 1999). There is an existing body of research that attempts to assess the trauma-ADHD link and to isolate possible mechanisms behind it. We will present a comprehensive review of the literature covering the trauma-ADHD relationship, and we will illustrate it using descriptive data from a hospitalized sample of children and adolescents. This article will address the following questions pertaining to trauma-ADHD association: First, is exposure to trauma a risk factor for the development of ADHD? Second, is the diagnosis of ADHD a misrepresentation of symptoms related to traumatic exposure? The clinical implications of both questions in context of identifying and treating children and adolescents who present with ADHD will be discussed.
A Method for Derivation of Robot Task-Frame Control Authority from Repeated Sensory Observations

In this letter, we propose a novel method that enables the robot to autonomously devise an appropriate control strategy from human demonstrations without a prior knowledge of the demonstrated task. The method is primarily based on observing the patterns and consistency in the observed dataset. This is obtained through a demonstration setting that uses a motion capture system, a force sensor, and muscle activity measurements. The variables (position and force) in the collected dataset are then segmented and analysed for each axis of the observed task frame separately. While checking several conditions based on the consistency, value range, and magnitude of repeated observations, the appropriate controller (i.e., position or force) is delegated to each axis of the task frame. In the final stage, the method also checks for a correlation between variables and muscle activity patterns to determine the desired stiffness behaviour. The robot then uses the derived control strategies in autonomous operation through a hybrid force/impedance controller. To validate the proposed method, we performed experiments on real-life tasks involving physical interaction with the environment, where we considered surface wiping, material sawing, and drilling.
Beautiful, complicated—and intelligent? Novel aspects of the thigmonastic stamen movement in Loasaceae

In a recent study we investigated the complex mechanisms regulating the pollen release via thigmonastic stamen movement found exclusively in Loasaceae subfamily Loasoideae. We demonstrated that stamen movement is modulated by abiotic (light and temperature) as well as biotic stimuli (pollinator availability and visitation frequency). This is explained as a mechanism to adjust the rate of stamen movement and thus pollen dispensation to different environmental conditions in order to optimize pollen transfer. Stamen movement is rapid and thus a near-immediate response to pollinator visits. However, Loasaceae flowers also show a response to biotic stimuli on a longer time scale, by adjusting the duration of both the staminate and the carpellate phase of the anthesis. We here present two additional data sets on species not previously studied, underscoring the shortening of the staminate phase in the presence of pollinator visits vs. their absence and the shortening of the carpellate phase after pollination. Overall, the plant shows not only a rapid but an “intelligent” reaction to its environment in adjusting anthesis and pollen presentation to a range of factors. The physiological and morphological bases of the stamen movement are poorly understood. Our previous study showed that there is no direct spatial relationship between the place of stimulation in the flower and the stamen bundle activated. We here further show the morphological basis for stamen movement from a reflexed into an erect position: Only the basal part of the filament curves around the receptacle, while the upper part of the filament retains its shape. We hypothesize that the stimulus is transmitted over the entire receptacle and the place of reaction is determined by stamen maturity, not the location of the stimulus.
Mice Bearing Late-Stage Tumors Have Normal Functional Systemic T Cell Responses In Vitro and In Vivo1

Immune suppression in tumor-bearing hosts is considered to be one factor causally associated with the growth of antigenic tumors. Support for this hypothesis has come from reports that spleen T cells in tumor-bearing mice are deficient in either priming or effector phase functions. We have reexamined this hypothesis in detail using multiple murine tumor models, including transplantable adenocarcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma, and thymoma, and also a transgenic model of spontaneous breast carcinoma. In both in vitro and in vivo assays of T cell function (proliferation, cytokine production, induction of CD8+ alloreactive CTL, and development of anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin CD4+ T cells, rejection of allogeneic or syngeneic regressor tumors, respectively) we show that mice bearing sizable tumor burdens are not systemically suppressed and do not have diminished T cell functions. Therefore, if immune suppression is a causal function in the growth of antigenic tumor, the basis for escape from immune destruction is likely to be dependent upon tumor-induced T cell dysfunction at the site of tumor growth.
A CENTURY OF CRIME IN TORONTO: GENDER, CLASS, AND PATTERNS OF SOCIAL CONTROL, 1859 TO 1955 *

A great deal of attention has been focused on the nature and extent of contemporary gender differences in criminality and, especially, recent increases in female crime rates. The failure to examine the relation among gender roles, social control mechanisms, and crime rates within a broad historical context, however, has contributed to several shortcomings and misconceptions in current research and theorizing. Results of a time-series analysis of male and female arrests in Toronto from 1859 to 1955 reveal an overall decline in male and female rates, as well as an overriding similarity in long-term patterns of male and female arrest rates for different categories of offenses In particular, the preponderance of public order arrests for males and females strongly confirms the enduring relation between social class and official criminality, regardless of gender. To explain the long-term reduction in female arrest rates, qualitative data are used to illustrate the historically contingent relation between gender roles and changes in formal and informal structures of social control. The findings point to the prominent role of “Yrst-wave feminists” in changing the forms of both formal and informal controls on women, which contributed to a sharp decline in female arrest rates during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
An efficient framework for intrusion detection based on data mining

A multi-layer intrusion detection framework is proposed in this paper. Comparing to the traditional system, the framework has sources from all the respects of host computer and network, and calculates connecting volume for each active connection, thus only the suspicious connections would be analyzed, more than 80% packets are normal, and don't need processing, influence to the system speed is very little. All the information of the host computer is combined to a union, and the properties are expanded and enhanced for the data mining engine, so the mining process is efficient and accurate. Fuzzy mining can also be used in intrusion detecting and rule sets comparing. The framework provides abilities of detection, report and response. Experimental results show the rapidness and accuracy of the proposed framework
Vibrissal thalamic modes

A thalamic mode (or thalamocortical mode) refers to a particular arrangement of the response properties of the thalamocortical network that gives rise to a distinct input-output function. Since the thalamus controls the flow of information to the neocortex, a thalamic mode adjusts how thalamocortical cells relay sensory and corticothalamic information. Thalamic modes can change on a moment-to-moment basis due to the actions of neuromodulators and/or excitatory and inhibitory inputs. In the vibrissal system, thalamic modes lead to robust changes on how sensory information from the vibrissa is processed temporally, integrated spatially and relayed to the neocortex.
Density-dependent acquired resistance to ticks in natural hosts, independent of concurrent infection with Babesia microti

SUMMARY The question of whether the known immunosuppressive effects of Babesia microti may disrupt the development of acquired resistance to its tick vector, Ixodes trianguliceps, in natural rodent hosts (Clethrionomys glareolus), and thus enhance thedisease transmission potential, is addressed experimentally. The results show for the first time that natural hosts can acquire resistance to ticks; that this acquired resistance is manifested chiefly by a strongly density-dependent reduction in the percentage of attached larvae that engorge; that the density dependence is quantitatively similar whether the host receives occasional large tick challenges or frequent low infestations; but that infection with B. microti does not disrupt this pattern of acquired resistance. Of two important natural host species, Apodemus sylvaticus can support repeated infestations of I. trianguliceps, but is a poor host to B. microti, while C. glareolus develops acquired resistance to the tickvector, but supports much higher-level, longer-lasting B. microti infections.
Constrained Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Human Dendritic Cells 1

Dendritic cells (DCs) are likely to play a key role in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the fate of the bacterium in these cells is still unknown. Here we report that, unlike macrophages (Mφs), human monocyte-derived DCs are not permissive for the growth of virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Mycobacterial vacuoles are neither acidic nor fused with host cell lysosomes in DCs, in a mode similar to that seen in mycobacterial infection of Mφs. However, uptake of the fluid phase marker dextran, and of transferrin, as well as accumulation of the recycling endosome-specific small GTPase Rab11 onto the mycobacterial phagosome, are almost abolished in infected DCs, but not in Mφs. Moreover, communication between mycobacterial phagosomes and the host-cell biosynthetic pathway is impaired, given that <10% of M. tuberculosis vacuoles in DCs stained for the endoplasmic reticulum-specific proteins Grp78/BiP and calnexin. This correlates with the absence of the fusion factor N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor onto the vacuolar membrane in this cell type. Trafficking between the vacuoles and the host cell recycling and biosynthetic pathways is strikingly reduced in DCs, which is likely to impair access of intracellular mycobacteria to essential nutrients and may thus explain the absence of mycobacterial growth in this cell type. This unique location of M. tuberculosis in DCs is compatible with their T lymphocyte-stimulating functions, because M. tuberculosis-infected DCs have the ability to specifically induce cytokine production by autologous T lymphocytes from presensitized individuals. DCs have evolved unique subcellular trafficking mechanisms to achieve their Ag-presenting functions when infected by intracellular mycobacteria.