Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supply diversification under random yield: The impact of price postponement

Supply diversification and pricing are two common mechanisms for dealing with supply yield uncertainty. This paper characterizes a firm's pricing and sourcing decisions under supply yield uncertainty, and studies the interplay between the two mechanisms. We compare the optimal sourcing decisions under two distinct pricing schemes: (1) ex ante pricing—the firm simultaneously makes the sales price and sourcing decisions before production takes place; (2) responsive pricing—the pricing decision is postponed until after the production yield realization. Although the firm is better off with responsive pricing, the effect of price postponement on the optimal sourcing decision and the firm's need for supply diversification varies and is influenced by factors such as unit procurement cost, supply portfolio, and supply reliability. For the case of one unreliable supplier, we show that responsive pricing mitigates the overage and underage risks imposed by yield uncertainty, and results in a lower optimal order quantity than that under ex ante pricing when the procurement cost is low, and a higher quantity otherwise. For the case of two unreliable suppliers, we show that responsive pricing promotes supply diversification when the sole‐sourced supplier's reliability is low, and discourages when it is high. By contrast, when the sole‐sourced supplier's reliability is moderate, responsive pricing promotes supply diversification when its unit procurement cost is low and discourages otherwise. The composition of supply portfolio also has a fundamental impact on such strategic interplay: When the supply portfolio consists of one unreliable and one reliable supplier, diversified sourcing is never optimal under ex ante pricing, but may be optimal under responsive pricing. Thus, responsive pricing promotes dual sourcing in this setting. We also conduct comprehensive numerical experiments to both confirm the robustness of the main results and derive additional insights.
The Impact of Live Streaming Shopping on Luxury Cosmetic Brand Consumer Decision Making Process in the Internet Economy —— Chinese Young Female Consumers

— Live streaming is a relatively new business model, which allows vendors to face and interact with consumers in real-time directly. Live streaming has continued to increase rapidly in recent years in China. There are still limited studies on live streaming towards the consumer decision-making process. This study focuses on the consumer decision process in live streaming commerce. An online survey was implemented, and 200 responses were collected. In this study using the structural equation modelling, the results indicate that the perceived benefits of watching live streaming positively correlate with willingness to buy online. In addition, there is a positive relationship between positive electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and willingness to buy online. These two parts of the discussion are appropriate to live streaming strategy and positive eWOM. Furthermore, this paper finally provides some managerial and practical findings based on our findings. By examining live streaming on consumer purchase behaviour, this study enriches the theoretical understanding of live streaming in e-commerce.
The Formulation of Investment Strategy Based on ARIMA Model

: With the development of international financial market, financial investment has become an indispensable part of human life. More and more people want to invest in the financial market to obtain income. However, benefits are often accompanied by risks. Meanwhile, gold and bitcoin are two important investments in financial investment, with great volatility. In order to reduce the occurrence of tragedy and help people better manage their money, this paper first establishes a time series model (ARIMA) based on the five-year gold bitcoin transaction price from 2016 to 2021 to predict the price trend and development of gold and bitcoin. Then the Apriori algorithm [1] is used to make decisions, and the rate of return is calculated through the decision model. The goodness of fit is 97.78% of the total income curve.
Estimate of the Number of Breast Cancers Undetected by Screening Mammography in Individuals with Dense Breast Tissue

Background: Screening mammography has limited sensitivity for detecting breast cancer in dense breast tissue. This study estimates the maximal number of breast cancers undetected by mammography in individuals with dense breast tissue participating in screening mammography in the United States. Methods: Published data on supplemental screening incremental cancer detection rates (ICDRs), dense breast tissue prevalence, and total annual screening mammography exams in the United States are utilized for study estimates. Results: Assuming an ICDR of 16 cancers beyond mammography per 1,000 individuals with dense breast tissue, 38.8 million mammograms in the U.S. in 2021, and a prevalence of dense breast tissue of 43%, the number of cancers undetected by mammography in individuals with dense breast tissue participating in screening in the U.S. is estimated at 267,000. Conclusion: A large number of undiagnosed breast cancers in the population of individuals with dense breast tissue participating in screening mammography is estimated.
Planckian properties of two-dimensional semiconductor systems

We describe and discuss the low-temperature resistivity (and the temperature-dependent inelastic scattering rate) of several diﬀerent doped 2D semiconductor systems from the perspective of the Planckian hypothesis asserting that (cid:126) /τ = k B T provides a scattering bound, where τ is the appropriate relaxation time. The regime of transport considered here is well-below the Bloch-Gruneisen regime so that phonon scattering is negligible. The temperature-dependent part of the resistivity is almost linear-in- T down to arbitrarily low temperatures, with the linearity arising from an interplay between screening and disorder, connected with carrier scattering from impurity-induced Friedel oscillations. The temperature dependence disappears if the Coulomb interaction between electrons is suppressed. The temperature coeﬃcient of the resistivity is enhanced at lower densities, enabling a detailed study of the Planckian behavior both as a function of the materials system and carrier density. Although the precise Planckian bound never holds, we ﬁnd somewhat surprisingly that the bound seems to apply approximately with the scattering rate never exceeding k B T by more than an order of magnitude either in the experiment or in the theory. In addition, we calculate the temperature-dependent electron-electron inelastic scattering rate by obtaining the temperature-dependent self-energy arising from Coulomb interaction, also ﬁnding it to obey the Planckian bound within an order of magnitude at all densities and temperatures. We introduce the concept of a generalized Planckian bound where (cid:126) /τ is bounded by αk B T with α ∼ 10 or so in the super-Planckian regime with the strict Planckian bound of α = 1 being a nongeneric ﬁnetuned situation.
Drimane Sesquiterpene Alcohols with Activity against Candida Yeast Obtained by Biotransformation with Cladosporium antarcticum

Fungal biotransformation is an attractive synthetic strategy to produce highly specific compounds with chemical functionality in regions of the carbon skeleton that are not easily activated by conventional organic chemistry methods. In this work, Cladosporium antarcticum isolated from sediments of Glacier Collins in Antarctica was used to obtain novel drimane sesquiterpenoids alcohols with activity against Candida yeast from drimendiol and epidrimendiol. These compounds were produced by the high-yield reduction of polygodial and isotadeonal with NaBH4 in methanol. Cladosporium antarcticum produced two major products from drimendiol, identified as 9α-hydroxydrimendiol (1, 41.4 mg, 19.4% yield) and 3β-hydroxydrimendiol (2, 74.8 mg, 35% yield), whereas the biotransformation of epidrimendiol yielded only one product, 9β-hydroxyepidrimendiol (3, 86.6 mg, 41.6% yield). The products were purified by column chromatography and their structure elucidated by NMR and MS. The antifungal activity of compounds 1–3 was analyzed against Candida albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis, showing that compound 2 has a MIC lower than 15 µg/mL against the three-pathogenic yeast. In silico studies suggest that a possible mechanism of action for the novel compounds is the inhibition of the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase, affecting the ergosterol synthesis.
Knowledge Graph-based Product Recommendations on e-Commerce Platforms

: The amount of data generated in e-commerce sales has expressively grown in the last few years. Online stores often receive questions about products related to price, guarantee, and shipping price. By reducing time for prompt answering, stores can improve customer satisfaction and sales conversion rate. The recommendation of available alternative products in case of product unavailability intended by the customer plays a key role in sales growth in this context. This article defines and evaluates a technique for product recommendation based on the product’s facts stored in Knowledge Graphs (KGs). Our KG is filled with facts from natural language questions and answers processed from the e-commerce platform. We exemplify our proposal in a real-world solution, using data from online stores processed by GoBots, a leading e-commerce chatbot business in Latin America. Online sellers assessed the results of the recommendations to evaluate their quality.
Ontology for a Georeferencing Mobile System for Real Time Detection and Monitoring of Wildfires

: This paper presents the Georeferencing Mobile Wildfire Detection System Ontology (GeMoWilDSOn). This ontology served as a base for implementing software for a mobile and georeferencing system for real-time detection and monitoring of wildfires in steep mountainous territories. On average, about 65,000 fires occur in Europe annually, burning approximately half a million hectares of wild land and forest areas. This growing tragedy directly reduces the forest biomass and biodiversity, causing severe damage to the ecosystems. Ontologies help developers speed up the requirements' analysis in the design of a new system. Our work results in a streamlined ontology focused on fire prevention and fighting with mobile sensors, automatically georeferenced polygon data, and visible and thermal image captures, specially designed for steep mountainous terrain, where firefighting can be complex. Our research fills gaps found in related state-of-the-art and provides innovative contributions such as the concepts of manually drawn areas of fire and shadow, which are of utmost importance regarding this particularity of steep terrain. Our ontology was validated in three real-world tests where experts were delighted with the features, captured information, and its representation in the GUI of the developed system.
Precursors of Cloud Computing Adoption in Selected Banks in Kenya

Purpose: The study analyzed the precursors of adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of data security on adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya, to establish how organizational culture affects adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya, to establish how supplier lock- in affects adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya and to establish how regulatory policy affects adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya. Methodology: The study employed descriptive research design and inferential statistics. The target population was 366 ICT staff from 3 selected banks namely NCBA, KCB Bank and Equity bank. The selected banks had the largest market share according to published CBK supervisory report for year 2020. The sample size was 191 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Responses in the questionnaires were tabulated, coded and processed by use of a computer statistical package for social sciences version 28 (SPSS) program to analyze the data. The responses from the open-ended questions were listed to obtain proportions appropriately and then reported by descriptive narrative. Descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation were used. The ANOVA test was used to establish the findings from the study and results presented in graphs and charts. Findings: Cloud computing adoption was evaluated for the select commercial banks across three areas namely core-banking systems, middle office and compliance systems and back-office, data science and innovation systems over a period of five years. The respondents indicated that no more than one cloud computing project was either in planning, implementation, failed or completed stages, indicating that despite the perceived benefits of cloud computing there are precursors that need to be addressed if the commercial banks are to fully embrace cloud computing. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: In terms of policy, the findings of the study will be important to regulators like CA, CBK and other institutions that regulate financial institutions in coming up with relevant guidelines when it comes to handling customer data within Cloud Computing environment. It gives banking sector perspective of some of the issues that require attention if the envisaged benefits of clod computing are to be fully realized. This is important not only to the policy makers but also to the cloud service providers . Additionally, the findings give a theoretical basis of validating the antecedents of cloud computing adoption in the banking sector in Kenya and this can be extended to the rest of the world. The findings give a practical perspective of the real concerns the banks have to contend with from a practical perspective and therefore very critical in advancement of cloud computing technologies.
When You Can’t Play Sports: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Motivational and Emotional Experiences in Coach-Athlete Dyads

(1) Background: This study aimed to assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on athletes’ and coaches’ experiences. Following the Dualistic Model of Passion and the Self-determination Theory, the objectives of this study were to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions affected athletes’ and coaches’ passion experiences, emotional experiences and basic psychological needs while engaging in their sport activities. Furthermore, the relationship between passion and emotional experiences as well as between passion and the basic psychological needs were explored; (2) Methods: 87 coach-athlete dyads, active at the recreational or competitive level in an individual sport, participated in the study. Using a cross-sectional dyadic design, athletes and coaches reported separately on their passion experience, emotional experiences and basic psychological needs in the previous two weeks; (3) Results: In total, 30 dyads were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, while 57 were not. Athletes’ obsessive passion as well coaches’ negative affect were larger in impacted dyads, while athletes’ positive affect was lower in that group compared to the not-impacted group. Moderated Actor–Partner Interdependence Models revealed that coaches’ obsessive passion was more strongly related to their negative affect in coach–athlete dyads that were not impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic than in dyads that were impacted. Furthermore, the harmonious passion of coaches was more strongly associated with athletes’ need satisfaction and need frustration in impacted dyads, while also the athletes’ harmonious passion in impacted dyads was more strongly associated with coaches’ need satisfaction; (4) Conclusions: Less positive outcomes and more negative outcomes were observed in both athletes and coaches that were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic may have suppressed the negative effects of coaches’ obsessive passion on their negative affect, but strengthened the positive impact of coaches’ harmonious passion on the athletes’ need satisfaction and vice versa.
The Interplay of Epigenetic, Genetic, and Traditional Risk Factors on Blood Pressure: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study

The epigenome likely interacts with traditional and genetic risk factors to influence blood pressure. We evaluated whether 13 previously reported DNA methylation sites (CpGs) are associated with systolic (SBP) or diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, both individually and aggregated into methylation risk scores (MRS), in 3070 participants (including 437 African ancestry (AA) and 2021 European ancestry (EA), mean age = 70.5 years) from the Health and Retirement Study. Nine CpGs were at least nominally associated with SBP and/or DBP after adjusting for traditional hypertension risk factors (p < 0.05). MRSSBP was positively associated with SBP in the full sample (β = 1.7 mmHg per 1 standard deviation in MRSSBP; p = 2.7 × 10−5) and in EA (β = 1.6; p = 0.001), and MRSDBP with DBP in the full sample (β = 1.1; p = 1.8 × 10−6), EA (β = 1.1; p = 7.2 × 10−5), and AA (β = 1.4; p = 0.03). The MRS and BP-genetic risk scores were independently associated with blood pressure in EA. The effects of both MRSs were weaker with increased age (pinteraction < 0.01), and the effect of MRSDBP was higher among individuals with at least some college education (pinteraction = 0.02). In AA, increasing MRSSBP was associated with higher SBP in females only (pinteraction = 0.01). Our work shows that MRS is a potential biomarker of blood pressure that may be modified by traditional hypertension risk factors.
Self-calibration of vision parameters via genetic algorithms with simulated binary crossover and laser line projection

Abstract. A self-calibration technique based on genetic algorithms (GAs) with simulated binary crossover (SBX) and laser line imaging is presented. In this technique, the GA determines the vision parameters based on perspective projection geometry. The GA is constructed by means of an objective function, which is deduced from the equations of the laser line projection. To minimize the objective function, the GA performs a recombination of chromosomes through the SBX. This procedure provides the vision parameters, which are represented as chromosomes. The approach of the proposed GA is to achieve calibration and recalibration without external references and physical measurements. Thus, limitations caused by the missing of references are overcome to make self-calibration and three-dimensional (3-D) vision. Therefore, the proposed technique improves the self-calibration obtained by GAs with references. Additionally, 3-D vision is carried out via laser line position and vision parameters. The contribution of the proposed method is elucidated based on the accuracy of the self-calibration, which is performed with GAs.
Bridging the Gap between the X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and the Computational Catalysis Communities in Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Perspective on the Current and Future Research Directions

: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) [extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES)] is a key technique within the heterogeneous catalysis community to probe the structure and properties of the active site(s) for a diverse range of catalytic materials. However, the interpretation of the raw experimental data to derive an atomistic picture of the catalyst requires modeling and analysis; the EXAFS data are compared to a model, and a goodness of fit parameter is used to judge the best fit. This EXAFS modeling can often be nontrivial and time-consuming; overcoming or improving these limitations remains a central challenge for the community. Considering these limitations, this Perspective highlights how recent developments in analysis software, increased availability of reliable computational models, and application of data science tools can be used to improve the speed, accuracy, and reliability of EXAFS interpretation. In particular, we emphasize the advantages of combining theory and EXAFS as a unified technique that should be treated as a standard (when applicable) to identify catalytic sites and not two separate complementary methods. Building on the recent trends in the computational catalysis community, we also present a community-driven approach to adopt FAIR Guiding Principles for the collection, analysis, dissemination, and storage of XAS data. Written with both the experimental and theory audience in mind, we provide a unified roadmap to foster collaborations between the two communities.
Precipitation Over Southern Africa: Moisture Sources and Isotopic Composition

Southern Africa, with its vast arid to semiarid areas, is considered vulnerable to precipitation changes and amplifying weather extremes. However, during the last 100 ka, huge lakes existed in the currently dry central Kalahari. It has been suggested that these lakes could have existed due to altered atmospheric circulation pattern, leading to an increase in precipitation or to changes in the annual precipitation distribution. Past climate changes are recorded in paleo‐archives, yet, for a proper interpretation of paleo‐records, for example, from sedimentological archives or fossils, it is essential to put them in a context with recent observations. This study’s objective is, therefore, to analyze spatially differing annual precipitation distributions at multiple locations in southern Africa with respect to their stable water isotope composition, moisture transport pathways, and sources. Five different precipitation distributions are identified by end‐member modeling and respective rainfall zones are inferred, which differ significantly in their isotopic compositions. By calculating backward trajectories, different moisture source regions are identified for the rainfall zones and linked to typical circulation patterns. Our results furthermore show the importance of the seasonality, the amount effect, and the traveled distance of the moisture for the general isotopic composition over the entire southern Africa. The identified pattern and relationships can be useful in the evaluation of isotope‐enabled climate models for the region and are potentially of major importance for the interpretation of stable water isotope composition in paleo‐records in future research.
Linear and quadratic electro-optic coefficients of self-organized In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum dots

The electro-optic properties of self-organized In0.4Ga0. 6As/GaAs quantum dots have been studied experimentally. Single-mode ridge waveguide structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with self-organized In0.4Ga0. 6As/GaAs quantum dots in the guiding region. The measured linear and quadratic electro-optic coefficients are 2.58×10−11 m/V and 6.25×10−17 m2/V2, respectively, which are much higher than those obtained for bulk GaAs or quantum well structures. The measured transmission characteristics indicate that low-voltage amplitude modulators can be realized with quantum dot active regions.