Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spin Waves and Neutron Scattering

A review is given of the problems in this field, and of the possibilities opened up by the fact that neutron scattering gives access to the time‐dependent spin‐correlation function in magnets over virtually the whole range of q, t, and T. New experimental results are given in connection with magnon energy linewidth and renormalization, and some data are presented for the spin‐wave stiffness of bcc 3d transition‐metal alloys as a function of electron concentration, showing effects explained by the electronic density‐of‐states curve. It is pointed out that the ground‐state fluctuations of magnets give rise to effects in the formulas for neutron scattering.
Heart Murmur Detection and Clinical Outcome Prediction Using Multilayer Perceptron Classifier

Abnormal sound waves, or heart murmurs in Phonocardiogram (PCG) recordings, are potential indicators of congenital and acquired heart disease in pediatric populations. Detection of these murmurs, and therefore early diagnosis, is usually performed by cardiology specialists. In the 2022 PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge, under the team name AKSJ_97BSc, we proposed a Multilayer Perceptron-based model that automatically classifies patient heart murmur status into three categories of present, unknown, or absent based on their metadata and PCG recording. The model also further divides the patients into two outcomes, indicating whether the patient's clinical outcome diagnosed by the medical expert is normal or abnormal. The model was ranked 231 out of 305 submissions with a 0.491 challenge score in the murmur classification category and 161 out of 305 submissions with a 11330.062 challenge score in the outcome classification category.
Climate change and maple syrup: Producer observations, perceptions, knowledge, and adaptation strategies

Introduction Climate change is impacting forest-based agricultural systems with implications for producer decision-making and livelihoods. This article presents a case study on the observations, perceptions, knowledge, and adaptation strategies of maple syrup producers in the United States to climate change. Methods We carried out two semi-structured surveys with maple producers on: (1) climate change and its impacts on the maple system (n = 106 participants); and (2) responses to climate adaptation scenarios (n = 98 participants). Additionally, we carried out two focus groups and key informant interviews (n = 70+) to understand barriers and opportunities for climate adaptation. One of these focus groups and follow up key informant interviews was with tribally affiliated community members with the intention to acknowledge Indigenous Peoples’ voices, history, and relationships to the land. Results Findings highlight that most of the surveyed producers (89%) have experienced the negative impacts of climate on maple syrup production. While 40% of participants feel concerned regarding the future of the maple system, 39% feel hopeful, with significant differences based on the age of the surveyed producers. The majority of producers have adapted their harvesting practices to climate effects. Producers shared knowledge of multiple adaptation strategies in response to climate scenarios comprised of: (1) stand management practices such as diversification of sap species tapped; (2) harvesting practices such as changing the type and number of taps; (3) sap processing practices focused on the integration of technology such as the use of an evaporator and reverse osmosis; and (4) marketing practices such as innovation of products and marketing different maple syrup characteristics. Responses shared by tribally affiliated producers highlight knowledge of multiple adaptation strategies that focus on long-term ecological management of forests rather than technological solutions. Discussion Overall, findings emphasize the importance of cooperation and diversification at every level and dimension of the maple system for its long-term resilience.
Comparative Analysis of Patient-Specific Aortic Dissections through Computational Fluid Dynamics Suggests Increased Likelihood of Degeneration in Partially Thrombosed False Lumen

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening vascular disease associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, especially in medically underserved communities. Understanding patients’ blood flow patterns is pivotal for informing evidence-based treatment as they greatly influence the disease outcome. The present study investigates the flow patterns in the false lumen of three aorta dissections (fully perfused, partially thrombosed, and fully thrombosed) in the chronic phase, and compares them to a healthy aorta. Three-dimensional geometries of aortic true and false lumens (TLs and FLs) are reconstructed through an ad hoc developed and minimally supervised image analysis procedure. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is performed through a finite volume unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach assuming rigid wall aortas, Newtonian and homogeneous fluid, and incompressible flow. In addition to flow kinematics, we focus on time-averaged wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index that are recognized risk factors for aneurysmal degeneration. Our analysis shows that partially thrombosed dissection is the most prone to false lumen degeneration. In all dissections, the arteries connected to the false lumen are generally poorly perfused. Further, both true and false lumens present higher turbulence levels than the healthy aorta, and critical stagnation points. Mesh sensitivity and a thorough comparison against literature data together support the reliability of the CFD methodology. Image-based CFD simulations are efficient tools to assess the possibility of aortic dissection to lead to aneurysmal degeneration, and provide new knowledge on the hemodynamic characteristics of dissected versus healthy aortas. Similar analyses should be routinely included in patient-specific hemodynamics investigations, to plan and design tailored therapeutic strategies, and to timely assess their effectiveness.
Sufficient conditions for second order L2‐convergence of the fractional step theta method

We consider the fractional step theta time stepping procedure for the non‐stationary incompressible linear Stokes equations in a cylindrical domain (0, T) × Ω, where Ω is a bounded domain in ℝn. Using energy estimates and assuming a certain degree of regularity for the data, we show second order L2‐convergence. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tracking the gradient of artificial potential fields : sliding mode control for mobile robots

Artificial potential fields and artificial force fields are widely used in robotics for path planning and collision avoidance, both for robot manipulators and for mobile robots. Despite intensive research in designing suitable artificial potential fields, little attention has been devoted to tracking control for following the gradient of an artificial potential field. However, good tracking control is vital for successful application of the artificial potential field method in order to guarantee safe operation of the robot. In this paper, we extend previous results on a sliding mode control strategy to include actuator dynamics and non-holonomic motion constraints of mobile robots into the gradient tracking control algorithm.
The burden of hepatitis C virus in the world, China, India, and the United States from 1990 to 2019

Background and aim Hepatitis C virus infection can lead to an enormous health burden worldwide. Investigating the changes in HCV-related burden between different countries could provide inferences for disease management. Hence, we aim to explore the temporal tendency of the disease burden associated with HCV infection in China, India, the United States, and the world. Methods Detailed data on the total burden of disease related to HCV infection were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. Joinpoint regression models were used to simulate the optimal joinpoints of annual percent changes (APCs). Further analysis of the age composition of each index over time and the relationship between ASRs and the socio-demographic Index (SDI) were explored. Finally, three factors (population growth, population aging, and age-specific changes) were deconstructed for the changes in the number of incidences, deaths, and DALYs. Results It was estimated that 6.2 million new HCV infections, 0.54 million HCV-related deaths, and 15.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2019, with an increase of 25.4, 59.1, and 43.6%, respectively, from 1990, are mainly due to population growth and aging. China experienced a sharp drop in age-standardized rates in 2019, the United States showed an upward trend, and India exhibited a fluctuating tendency in the burden of disease. The incidence was increasing in all locations recently. Conclusion HCV remains a global health concern despite tremendous progress being made. The disease burden in China improved significantly, while the burden in the United States was deteriorating, with new infections increasing recently, suggesting more targeted interventions to be established to realize the 2030 elimination goals.
Petroleum refinery operational planning using robust optimization

In this article, the robust optimization methodology is applied to deal with uncertainties in the prices of saleable products, operating costs, product demand, and product yield in the context of refinery operational planning. A numerical study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed robust approach. The benefits of incorporating uncertainty in the different model parameters were evaluated in terms of the cost of ignoring uncertainty in the problem. The calculations suggest that this benefit is equivalent to 7.47% of the deterministic solution value, which indicates that the robust model may offer advantages to those involved with refinery operational planning. In addition, the probability bounds of constraint violation are calculated to help the decision-maker adopt a more appropriate parameter to control robustness and judge the tradeoff between conservatism and total profit.
DETERMINANT OF LOYALTY OF EXECUTIVE CLASS PATIENTS AT AMBULATORY SERVICES AT SILOAM HOSPITALS TB SIMATUPANG DURING COVID-19 PANDEMICS

Business competition in the health industry is getting tighter, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly decreased patient visits. This study aims to determine the determinants of executive patient loyalty at the Siloam Hospitals TB Simatupang outpatient installation during the COVID-19 pandemic era. This research is quantitative research with an observational research design. The study population consisted of 520 patients with a sample of 84 patients with research instruments using a questionnaire. The results of the study stated that most respondents were loyal to services at the executive clinic, with an NPS of 50%. Customer satisfaction, service quality, perceived value, trust, hospital brand image, and commitment significantly and positively affect executive patient loyalty. Specifically, the commitment variable has a direct influence on loyalty. Customer satisfaction, service quality, trust, hospital brand image, and OCB indirectly affect loyalty. Commitment (0.865) is the most influential variable on patient loyalty. Furthermore, the variables customer satisfaction (0.541), trust (0.484), service quality (0.425), OCB (0.249), hospital brand image (0.107) respectively also have a degree of influence on patient loyalty.
AI-Based Epileptic Seizure Detection and Prediction in Internet of Healthcare Things: A Systematic Review

Epilepsy is a neurological condition affecting around 50 million individuals worldwide, reported by the World Health Organization. This is identified as a hypersensitive disease by clinical associations. The unique characteristics of Electroencephalography have proven to be stable and universal; therefore, researchers have a lot of credibilities. So, it is the most used test for Epileptic Seizure detection and prediction. This study examines the contributions that have so far been made utilizing Electroencephalography technology to detect, predict, and monitor Epileptic Seizures. We have reviewed around 56 research articles, and those papers are selected from different academic databases. The studies explored various approaches, including Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and the Internet of Things framework. A comprehensive discussion of different classification algorithms is analyzed, and their performances are explored. Furthermore, various open issues of the stated approach are discussed, and potential future works are addressed.
The quality of systematic reviews/meta‐analyses assessing the effects of ankle–foot orthosis on clinical outcomes in stroke patients: A methodological systematic review

Given the importance of systematic reviews (SRs) for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers, it is essential to assess them to ensure robust methodology and reliable results before applying them. The purpose of this methodological study was to assess the methodological and reporting quality of recently published SRs and/or meta‐analyses (MAs) evaluating the effects of ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) on clinical outcomes in stroke survivors.
Fast In Situ Inactivation of Pathogens in Tubes by Plasma

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevailing method for inactivating samples used in nucleic acid detection is a time-consuming process that involves heating the samples in a thermostatic water bath at 56 °C for a duration of 30 min. In this study, a fast in situ inactivation method for pathogen samples in test tubes was proposed, which can markedly reduce the treatment time of pathogens to 2 min without affecting subsequent detection. By attaching a designed needle-electrode structure to the samples, an inactivation device of corona discharge was implemented. Using the device, Escherichia coli could be inactivated by more than 3 Log in 1 min and Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) within 2 min. In addition, the ribonucleic acid (RNA) damage of MHV, obviously ahead of its inactivation, is suggested not to be the main reason that causes its inactivation. So locating an appropriate treatment duration can preserve the RNA of samples for nucleic acid detection. In the future study, proposing a new discharge structure with electrodes outside the sealed test tube will be our focus.
Cytogeography of Naturalized Solidago canadensis Populations in Europe

Autopolyploidization has driven the successful invasion of Solidago canadensis in East Asia. However, it was believed that only diploid S. canadensis invaded Europe, whereas polyploids never did. Here, molecular identification, ploidy level, and morphological traits of ten S. canadensis populations collected in Europe were compared with previously identified S. canadensis populations from other continents and S. altissima populations. Furthermore, the ploidy-driven geographical differentiation pattern of S. canadensis in different continents was investigated. All ten European populations were identified as S. canadensis with five diploid and five hexaploid populations. Significant differences in morphological traits existed among diploids and polyploids (tetraploids and hexaploids), rather than between polyploids from different introduced ranges and between S. altissima and polyploidy S. canadensis. The invasive hexaploids and diploids had few differences in latitudinal distributions in Europe, which was similar to the native range but different from a distinct climate-niche differentiation in Asia. This may be attributed to the bigger difference in climate between Asia and Europe and North America. The morphological and molecular evidences proved the invasion of polyploid S. canadensis in Europe and suggest that S. altissima may be merged into a complex of S. canadensis species. Our study may be concluded that geographical and ecological niche differentiation of an invasive plant driven by ploidy depends on the degree of difference in the environmental factors between the introduced and native range, which provides new insight into the invasive mechanism.
Comparing general anaesthesia versus sedation for endoscopic submucosal dissection: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced endoscopic procedure for management of gastrointestinal tumours. ESD is usually performed under sedation. However, the use of general anaesthesia (GA) has been hypothesised to improve ESD outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare GA against sedation in ESD. A systematic literature search was performed on Cochrane Library, EMBASE and MEDLINE using the terms “General Anaesthesia”, “Sedation” and “Endoscopic submucosal dissection”. Original articles comparing GA versus sedation in ESD were included. The risk of bias and level of evidence were assessed by validated methods. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021275813). 176 articles were found in the initial literature search, and 7 articles (comprising 518 patients receiving GA and 495 receiving sedation) were included. Compared with sedation, GA was associated with higher en-bloc resection rates in oesophageal ESD (RR 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00–1.10; I2 = 65%; P = 0.05). GA patients also trended towards lower rates of gastrointestinal perforation in all ESD procedures (RR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.21–1.82; I2 = 52%; P = 0.06). Rates of intra- procedural desaturation and post-procedural aspiration pneumonia were lower in GA patients than in patients under sedation. The included studies had a moderate to high risk of bias, and the overall level of evidence was low. GA appears safe and feasible for ESD, yet high-quality trials will be required before GA can be regularly implemented for ESD.
Depressed Patients Identification Using Cardiovascular Signals

In this study, we present a deep learning based frame-work for the identification of Major Depressive disorder (MDD) patients from cardiovascular signals. In this work, multi-modal cardiovascular signals, including electrocar-diogram (ECG) and finger photoplethysmography (PPG), are used. The signals were collected from 60 subjects for 10 minutes, out of whom 30 were diagnosed with MDD by a psychiatric, and 30 were healthy. The signals are pre-processed and segmented into 30 seconds segments to be able to perform the identification in half a minute window, which proved to be sufficient in this work. Then, time-frequency analysis is performed on the signals for feature extraction and then a recurrent neural network architecture based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks is utilized for the identification of the MDD patients. The results demonstrated a robust performance with an accuracy of 85.7%. This study can be considered an advancement towards the involvement of artificial intelligence tools in the assisted diagnosis and monitoring of mental diseases, and reducing their risk and impact on human daily life.
A virtual reality simulation of a novel way to illuminate the surgical field – A feasibility study on the use of automated lighting systems in the operating theatre

Introduction Surgical lighting systems have to be re-adjusted manually during surgery by the medical personnel. While some authors suggest that interaction with a surgical lighting system in the operating room might be a distractor, others support the idea that manual interaction with the surgical lighting system is a hygiene problem as pathogens might be present on the handle. In any case, it seems desirable to develop a novel approach to surgical lighting that minimizes the need for manual interaction during a surgical procedure. Methodes We investigated the effect of manual interaction with a classical surgical lighting system and simulated a proposed novel design of a surgical lighting system in a virtual reality environment with respect to performance accuracy as well as cognitive load (measured by electroencephalographical recordings). Results We found that manual interaction with the surgical lights has no effect on the quality of performance, yet for the price of a higher mental effort, possibly leading to faster fatigue of the medical personnel in the long run. Discussion Our proposed novel surgical lighting system negates the need for manual interaction and leads to a performance quality comparable to the classical lighting system, yet with less mental load for the surgical personnel.
Sampling methane in hydrothermal minerals on Earth and Mars

Abstract The source of Martian atmospheric methane is unknown. On Earth, hydrothermal mineral deposits contain ancient methane together with a host of chemical and geological lines of evidence for the mechanism of gas production. Such deposits are therefore potentially attractive sampling sites on Mars. In order to evaluate this potential, hydrothermal calcite veins were sampled across the Caithness region of Scotland and analysed for methane by an incremental-crushing mass spectrometry technique that may be adaptable to Mars rovers. Methane was detected in all samples. Variations in the quantity of methane released were found to relate directly to the geological history of the localities. Calcite particle size was found to affect measurements in a systematic and informative way. Oxidative weathering had no discernable effect on methane recoverability. These results suggest that the technique is sensitive and informative enough to deserve consideration for missions to Mars.
Narrative Review and Analysis of the Use of “Lifestyle” in Health Psychology

Lifestyle is a complex and often generic concept that has been used and defined in different ways in scientific research. Currently, there is no single definition of lifestyle, and various fields of knowledge have developed theories and research variables that are also distant from each other. This paper is a narrative review of the literature and an analysis of the concept of lifestyle and its relationship to health. This contribution aims to shed light on the lifestyle construct in health psychology. In particular, the first part of this manuscript reexamines the main definitions of lifestyle in the psychological and sociological fields through three perspectives: internal, external, and temporal. The main components that characterise lifestyle are highlighted. The second part of this paper explores the main concepts of lifestyle in health, underlining their strengths and weaknesses, and proposes an alternative definition of a healthy lifestyle, which integrates the individual dimensions with the social and cycle dimensions of life. In conclusion, a brief indication of a research agenda is presented.