Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exponential dependence of the vortex pinning potential on current density in high- T c superconductors

We investigated the dependence of the vortex pinning potential on current density ${U}_{\mathit{eff}}(J)$ in ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$, ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$, and $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ thin films and single crystals, measured by us and other research groups. In all these cases ${U}_{\mathit{eff}}(J)$ was calculated from the magnetic relaxation data using Maley's procedure [Phys. Rev. B 42, 2639 (1990)]. We explored the exponential dependence of ${U}_{\mathit{eff}}(J)$, first introduced by Thompson et al. [Phys. Rev. B 44, 456 (1991). ] to explain long-term nonlogarithmic magnetic relaxations in high-temperature superconductors (HTSC), as an alternative to power-law and logarithmic forms of ${U}_{\mathit{eff}}(J)$. The results revealed that for $J$ larger than approximately $0.4{J}_{c}$, the energy barrier can be expressed in the following form: ${U}_{\mathit{eff}}(J)=a{I}_{co}{(1\ensuremath{-}T∕{T}^{*})}^{3∕2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}bJ∕{J}_{co})$, where the constant $b$ is the same for all samples investigated. This result is independent of the anisotropy (the interplanar coupling). The experimental results were analyzed taking into account the spatial dependence of the pinning potential, proposed by Qin et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 77, 2618 (1995)]. We suggested that the exponential form of ${U}_{\mathit{eff}}(J)$ could represent vortex pinning and motion in the $a\text{\ensuremath{-}}b$ planes due to a nanoscopic variation of the order parameter, in agreement with the growing experimental evidence for the presence of nanostructures, stripes (filaments) in HTSC.
Maximum-entropy models of galaxies

Photometric and kinematic observations of elliptical galaxies are not sufficient to determine the complete phase-space distribution function of the Galaxy. In general, many possible distribution functions are consistent with the available observations; statistical mechanics and information theory suggest that the most natural of these are the ones with the largest entropy. It is shown how to construct the maximum-entropy distribution function consistent with given emissivity and potential distributions and a given set of kinematic observations. As examples, the maximum-entropy models consistent with two common spherical luminosity distributions, the Plummer model and the de Vaucouleurs R exp 1/4 model, are constructed. Maximum-entropy models offer a flexible and straightforward approach to modeling galaxies from limited observational data. 13 references.
Influence of Capital structure on Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Industry

The study is an attempt to examine empirically the impact of capital structure on firm performance using a data sample of 56 Indian manufacturing firms listed on Bombay Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange or both during 2010-2022. The study uses three financial performance measures namely return on assets, return on capital employed and earnings per share as dependent variables. The eight capital structure measures such as long-term debt, short-term debt, interest coverage ratio, current ratio, growth, tangibility, non debt tax shield and size are used as independent variables. The data are divided into three sectors including steel, cement and automobile. The correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis are used in the study to estimate the impact of capital structure on firm performance. The empirical result shows that firm performance has a negative relationship with short and long term debt in most of the studied sectors. In the automotive sector, long-term debt is positively related to return on capital employed. Liquidity is negatively related to firm performance in the cement and automotive industries. Non-debt tax shield is positively related to firm performance as measured by return on capital employed and earnings per share in the cement and automotive industries, respectively, while interest coverage ratio is positively correlated with firm performance in the cement industry.
Fuzzy linearization for nonlinear systems: a preliminary study

This paper proposes a novel control diagram for nonlinear systems, namely fuzzy linearization. On the basis of fuzzy reasoning, we build a set of fuzzy linear subsystems to linearize the original nonlinear system. Consequently, we design an optimal controller for every linear subsystem using the mature linear control theory. The control effect of each subsystem is composed via fuzzy reasoning to control the nonlinear system. Therefore, the design of any nonlinear systems can be simplified to the control problem of linear time-invariant systems. Compared to the existing methods such as the Taylor expansion and piecewise linearization, the proposed approach exhibits higher precision, better control performances and stronger robustness to system uncertainties. <<ETX>>
Understanding the Daytime and Nighttime Impacts of Dust Aerosols on Surface Energy and Meteorological Fields in Northwest China

Dust aerosols pose non‐negligible impacts on regional and global climate, particularly over northwest China (NWC), where dust events frequently occur. Here, six dust events with different intensities occurred from 2014 to 2019 in NWC were simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of dust aerosols to radiation fluxes, surface energy, and meteorology, with specific consideration to the distinctions between daytime and nighttime. The results show that the contributions of dust aerosols to surface energy and meteorology were significantly affected by dust concentrations and dust layer heights and exhibited diurnal variation. In the case with high dust concentration and low dust layer height, dust aerosols increased the surface energy during the nighttime but decreased in the daytime, and the increase was much greater than the decrease. As a result, dust aerosols increase surface energy (0.06 W/m2 in the dust source region; 0.13 W/m2 in the dust affected region (DAR)) and surface temperature (0.0088°C in the DSR; 0.0781°C in the DAR) and decrease surface relative humidity (−0.053% in the DSR; −0.205% in the DAR) throughout the whole day. In contrast, dust causes opposite impacts on surface meteorology throughout the whole day due to the nighttime warming effect from the dust events with low dust concentration and high dust layer height is lesser than the daytime cooling effect. The study provides scientific insights for improving our understanding of dust aerosols‐regional meteorology interaction.
Electronic structure of a two-dimensional graphene monolayer in a spatially modulated magnetic field: Peierls tight-binding model

Magnetoelectronic properties of a two-dimensional 2D monolayer graphene are investigated by the Peierls tight-binding model. They are dominated by the period, strength, and direction of a spatially modulated magnetic field. Such a field could induce the reduction in dimensionality, change of energy dispersions, anisotropy at low energy, composite behavior in state degeneracy, extra band-edge states, and asymmetry of energy bands. There are partial flatbands at the Fermi level and one-dimensional parabolic bands at others. These make density of states exhibit delta-function-like structure and asymmetric prominent peaks, respectively. Energies of the extra band-edge states strongly depend on the period, while those of the original band-edge states exhibit little dependence. Both of them grow as the strength increases. The modulated and uniform magnetic fields differ from each other in energy dispersion, state degeneracy, and dimensionality. Important differences between a monolayer graphene and a 2D electron gas also exist.
R-matrix study of elastic and inelastic electron collisions with cytosine and thymine

Ab initio scattering calculations for low-energy electron collisions with gas-phase DNA pyrimidine bases (cytosine and thymine) are performed using the R-matrix method. The low-lying resonant states of the anions, formed due to electron capture by the bases, are identified using different levels of theory, including static exchange, static exchange plus polarization, and close-coupling approximations. For both the bases, all of our scattering models find three shape resonances of 2A″ (π) symmetry lying below 10 eV, in accordance with other calculations and experimental observations. In addition to these, a fourth 2A″ resonance is found in all models for thymine and in our best model, i.e. the uncontracted close-coupling approximation, for cytosine. This model places the fourth 2A″ resonance in both systems in the 6–7 eV range. No evidence is found for the presence of low-lying Feshbach resonances in either system. Integral cross sections for electronically elastic and inelastic collisions are also presented.
Antimicrobial Nanomaterials Based on Halloysite Clay Mineral: Research Advances and Outlook

Bacterial infections represent one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Therefore, over the years, several nanomaterials with antibacterial properties have been developed. In this context, clay minerals, because of their intrinsic properties, have been efficiently used as antimicrobial agents since ancient times. Halloysite nanotubes are one of the emerging nanomaterials that have found application as antimicrobial agents in several fields. In this review, we summarize some examples of the use of pristine and modified halloysite nanotubes as antimicrobial agents, scaffolds for wound healing and orthopedic implants, fillers for active food packaging, and carriers for pesticides in food pest control.
Proportional-integral-derivative control of nonlinear half-car electro-hydraulic suspension systems

This paper presents the development of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-based control method for application to active vehicle suspension systems (AVSS). This method uses an inner PID hydraulic actuator force control loop, in combination with an outer PID suspension travel control loop, to control a nonlinear half-car AVSS. Robustness to model uncertainty in the form of variation in suspension damping is tested, comparing performance of the AVSS with a passive vehicle suspension system (PVSS), with similar model parameters. Spectral analysis of suspension system model output data, obtained by performing a road input disturbance frequency sweep, provides frequency response plots for both nonlinear vehicle suspension systems and time domain vehicle responses to a sinusoidal road input disturbance on a smooth road. The results show the greater robustness of the AVSS over the PVSS to parametric uncertainty in the frequency and time domains.
Improving Coconut Using Modern Breeding Technologies: Challenges and Opportunities

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a perennial palm with a wide range of distribution across tropical islands and coastlines. Multitude use of coconut by nature is important in the socio-economic fabric framework among rural smallholders in producing countries. It is a major source of income for 30 million farmers, while 60 million households rely on the coconut industry directly as farm workers and indirectly through the distribution, marketing, and processing of coconut and coconut-based products. Stagnant production, inadequate planting materials, the effects of climate change, as well as pests and diseases are among the key issues that need to be urgently addressed in the global coconut industry. Biotechnology has revolutionized conventional breeding approaches in creating genetic variation for trait improvement in a shorter period of time. In this review, we highlighted the challenges of current breeding strategies and the potential of biotechnological approaches, such as genomic-assisted breeding, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genotyping and genome editing tools in improving the coconut. Also, combining these technologies with high-throughput phenotyping approaches and speed breeding could speed up the rate of genetic gain in coconut breeding to solve problems that have been plaguing the industry for decades.
On the Gravitational Field Produced by Light

Expressions are obtained, in accordance with Einstein's approximate solution of the equations of general relativity valid in weak fields, for the effect of steady pencils and passing pulses of light on the line element in their neighborhood. The gravitational fields implied by these line elements are then studied by examining the velocity of test rays of light and the acceleration of test particles in such fields. Test rays moving parallel to the pencil or pulse do so with uniform unit velocity the same as that in the pencil or pulse itself. Test rays moving in other directions experience a gravitational action. A test particle placed at a point equally distant from the two ends of a pencil experiences no acceleration parallel to the pencil, but is accelerated towards the pencil by twice the amount which would be calculated from a simple application of the Newtonian theory. The result is satisfactory from the point of view of the conservation of momentum. A test particle placed at a point equally distant from the two ends of the track of a pulse experiences no net integrated acceleration parallel to the track, but experiences a net acceleration towards the track which is satisfactory from the point of view of the conservation of momentum.
Interstellar matter in early-type galaxies. II - The relationship between gaseous components and galaxy types

Interstellar components of early-type galaxies are established by galactic type and luminosity in order to search for relationships between the different interstellar components and to test the predictions of theoretical models. Some of the data include observations of neutral hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and radio continuum emission. An alternative distance model which yields LX varies as LB sup 2.45, a relation which is in conflict with simple cooling flow models, is discussed. The dispersion of the X-ray luminosity about this regression line is unlikely to result from stripping. The striking lack of clear correlations between hot and cold interstellar components, taken together with their morphologies, suggests that the cold gas is a disk phenomenon while the hot gas is a bulge phenomenon, with little interaction between the two. The progression of galaxy type from E to Sa is not only a sequence of decreasing stellar bulge-to-disk ratio, but also of hot-to-cold-gas ratio.
SELECTING THE SUITABLE E-COMMERCE MARKETPLACE WITH NEUTROSOPHIC FUZZY AHP AND EDAS METHODS FROM SELLERS PERSPECTIVE IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19

E-commerce, which is defined as making commercial transactions in electronic environment, is becoming widespread day by day with the increase in the use of internet and mobile devices. Especially with the effect of COVID-19, the consumption habits of individuals have changed greatly, increasing the interest in electronic sales channels. Regardless of big or small, most companies and retailers are looking for ways to address their customers through electronic channels due to the effect of COVID-19. In this process, the rapidly increasing trend of electronic commerce raises one of the important issues of companies, "In which e-marketplace should we sell? ”. Based on this issue, in this study, five criteria that are important in choosing the right e-marketplace were determined and eight online alternative e-marketplaces were evaluated. In the study carried out by using neutrosophic fuzzy AHP and EDAS methods, which are multi-criteria decision making techniques, a framework has been established for choosing the right e-commerce marketplace for sellers.
Trapped particle precession in advanced tokamaks

Plasma equilibrium parameters affect the precessional drift velocities of trapped particles, which can significantly influence plasma stability (e.g. collisionless trapped electron driftwaves and fishbones). The calculation outlined here computes the bounce-averaged drift velocities of trapped particles for toroidally symmetric plasmas of arbitrary aspect ratio with elliptical and triangular shaping of the poloidal plasma cross section. Local equilibrium parameters are specified to describe the geometry and magnetic field structure on a given up down symmetric flux surface. Making use of an expansion in the neighbourhood of the flux surface the precessional drift velocities of trapped particles can be calculated. The calculation is then applied to flux surfaces with the properties characteristic of JET and also of the START experiment, where it has been postulated that favourable trapped particle drift effects may be responsible for improved confinement. Our calculation fails to confirm this idea, and indeed suggests that the drive for instability from toroidal drifts at START is similar to that in JET. The picture is complex with the competing effects of aspect ratio, plasma shaping, shear and pressure gradients. Desirable features needed in the equilibria (e.g. high pressure gradients and low shear) are discussed. Drifts are also calculated in extreme equilibria where mod B mod does not decrease monotonically around the flux surface to a minimum on the outboard mid-plane.
Fermi level depinning in metal/Ge Schottky junction for metal source/drain Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor application

Schottky barrier height modulation in metal/Ge Schottky junction was demonstrated by inserting an ultrathin interfacial silicon nitride layer. The SiN interfacial layer suppressed strong Fermi level pinning in metal/Ge Schottky junction, which resulted in effective control of Schottky barrier height. Metal/SiN/Ge Schottky diode was systematically investigated in terms of SiN thickness dependence and metal work function dependence. At an optimal SiN thickness, Ohmic contact between metal and Ge was obtained as a result of Fermi level depinning, and almost ideal Schottky barrier height determined by the work function difference between the metal and Ge was achieved. This technology was finally applied to metal source/drain Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors with low source/drain resistance.
Validity of Internal Iliac Artery Ligation with Cervico-Isthmic Compression Suture During Conservative Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum

Background : Placenta accreta is becoming a common complication of pregnancy. Hysterectomy has been considered the best therapeutic modality in the context of it, but this represents a problem for patients desiring to preserve the uterus for future fertility. Surgical internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) is usually utilized to attempt to control obstetric hemorrhage. Ligation of the internal iliac arteries has restricted effectiveness. Either ligation of the anterior division of the internal iliac or uterine artery is often employed in a trial to control postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) before resorting to hysterectomy. Objective : To assess the efficacy of IIAL before bladder dissection during conservative management of cases of the morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) using a cervico-isthmic compression suture. Patients and methods : This randomized control study comprised 42 patients with placenta previa (major and minor); divided into two groups; group A (21 patients with bilateral ligation of IIA) and group B (21 patients without ligation of IIA). Results : The amount of blood loss in group A was more than in group B. There was a statistically significantly higher number of packed RBCs transfused units, total estimated blood loss (liters) in group A vs group B. The rate of hysterectomy was statistically higher among group A than Group B. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that bilateral IIAL, as an intervention to reduce blood loss during conservative management for AIP using cervico-isthmic compression suture (CIC), is not beneficial.
MiR-199a-3p Induces Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition of Keratinocytes by Targeting RAP2B

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is an epidermal skin cancer that evolves from normal epidermis along several pre-malignant stages. Previously we found specific miRNAs alterations in each step along these stages. miR-199a-3p expression decreases at the transition to later stages. A crucial step for epithelial carcinoma cells to acquire invasive capacity is the disruption of cell–cell contacts and the gain of mesenchymal motile phenotype, a process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study aims to study the role of decreased expression of miR-199a-3p in keratinocytes’ EMT towards carcinogenesis. First, we measured miR-199a-3p in different stages of epidermal carcinogenesis. Then, we applied Photoactivatable Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) assay to search for possible biochemical targets of miR-199a-3p and verified that Ras-associated protein B2 (RAP2B) is a bona-fide target of miR-199a-3p. Next, we analyzed RAP2B expression, in CSCC biopsies. Last, we evaluated possible mechanisms leading to decreased miR-199a-3p expression. miR-199a-3p induces a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in CSSC cells. Many of the under-expressed genes in CSCC overexpressing miR-199a-3p, are possible targets of miR-199a-3p and play roles in EMT. RAP2B is a biochemical target of miR-199a-3p. Overexpression of miR-199a-3p in CSCC results in decreased phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In addition, inhibiting FAK phosphorylation inhibits EMT marker genes’ expression. In addition, we proved that DNA methylation is part of the mechanism by which miR-199a-3p expression is inhibited. However, it is not by the methylation of miR-199a putative promoter. These findings suggest that miR-199a-3p inhibits the EMT process by targeting RAP2B. Inhibitors of RAP2B or FAK may be effective therapeutic agents for CSCC.
Towards the Design and Optimisation of Future Compact Aero-Engines: Intake/Fancowl Trade-o(cid:27) Investigation

Relative to in-service aero-engines, the bypass ratio of future civil architectures may increase further. If traditional design rules are applied to these new con(cid:28)gu-rations and the housing components are scaled then it is expected that the over-all weight, nacelle drag and the e(cid:27)ects of aircraft integration will increase. For this reason, the next generation of civil turbofan engines may use compact na-celles to maximise the bene(cid:28)ts from the new engine cycles. This paper presents a multi-level design and optimisation process for future civil aero-engines. An initial set of multi-point, multi-objective optimisations for axisymmetric con-(cid:28)gurations are carried out to identify the trade-o(cid:27) between intake and fancowl bulk parameters of highlight radius and nacelle length on nacelle drag. Having identi(cid:28)ed the likely optimal part of the design space, a set of computationally expensive optimisations for 3D non-axisymmetric con(cid:28)gurations are performed. The process includes cruise-and windmilling-type operating conditions to ensure aerodynamic robustness of the downselected con(cid:28)gurations. Relative to a conventional aero-engine nacelle, the developed process yielded a compact aero-engine con(cid:28)guration with mid-cruise drag reduction of approximately 1.6% of the nominal standard net thrust.