Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resorcinolic Lipids, the Natural Non-isoprenoid Phenolic Amphiphiles and Their Biological Activity.

Although phenolic compounds are present in both the plant and animal worlds, most of them are of plant origin.1 This heterogeneous group of natural compounds is still, in many textbooks, described as “secondary metabolites”, which suggests their less important role in cellular physiology and biochemistry. It includes both simple phenols and polyphenols as well as their derivatives. In general, the term “phenol” can be defined chemically as a substance that possesses an aromatic ring bearing a hydroxyl substituent and functional derivatives. The natural plant phenols arise biogenetically from two main pathways: the shikimate pathway, which directly provides phenylpropanoids such as the hydroxycinnamic acids and coumarins, and the polyketide (acetate) pathway, which can produce simple phenols and also lead to quinones. The flavonoids, by far the largest group of phenolics, are derived by combination of these two pathways. Among plant single-ring phenolics the group of various compounds that has recently shown growth is the derivatives described as phenolic lipids or long-chain phenols.2 They are amphiphilic in nature due to the non-isoprenoid side chains attached to the hydroxybenzene ring and are believed to be also derived from the polyketide (acetate) pathway, as, for example, 6-pentadecylsalicylic acid. Non-isoprenoid phenolic lipids are relatively uncommon and can be considered for simplicity as fatty acids, with the carboxyl group replaced by the hydroxybenzene ring. Therefore, they are derivatives of monoand dihydroxyphenols, namely, catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone. The biogenetic pathway of these compounds, described in textbooks and recent reviews,2-5 is based on incomplete experimental data supplemented with chemical considerations. The biosynthetic aspects of resorcinolic lipids Volume 99, Number 1 January 1999
Use of a Social Question Answering Application in a Face-to-Face College Biology Class

Abstract University students use social media tools not only to connect with friends socially but also to collaborate with classmates. Many universities have embraced academically-focused social media platforms such as social question answering (SQA) applications to make student interactions easier. This study addresses how students in a face-to-face biology class use an SQA called Piazza. This SQA enables students to communicate asynchronously about course content in short question and answer exchanges. Although most students participate as anonymous observers, this study suggests that Piazza enables student interactivity, content creation and the formation of a knowledge community. (Keywords: collaborative learning, social question answering application, social cognitive theory, community of practice)
Evolutionary dynamics of collective action in N-person stag hunt dilemmas

In the animal world, collective action to shelter, protect and nourish requires the cooperation of group members. Among humans, many situations require the cooperation of more than two individuals simultaneously. Most of the relevant literature has focused on an extreme case, the N-person Prisoner's Dilemma. Here we introduce a model in which a threshold less than the total group is required to produce benefits, with increasing participation leading to increasing productivity. This model constitutes a generalization of the two-person stag hunt game to an N-person game. Both finite and infinite population models are studied. In infinite populations this leads to a rich dynamics that admits multiple equilibria. Scenarios of defector dominance, pure coordination or coexistence may arise simultaneously. On the other hand, whenever one takes into account that populations are finite and when their size is of the same order of magnitude as the group size, the evolutionary dynamics is profoundly affected: it may ultimately invert the direction of natural selection, compared with the infinite population limit.
Effect of bit-level correlation in stochastic computing

Simple stochastic logic gates can compute complex functions using stochastic computing. A stochastic number is encoded by a unary bit stream where each bit is 0 or 1. The value of the number is represented by the percent of 1's in the number, and is interpreted as a probability. Each bit of the stochastic number can be modeled as a Bernoulli random variable, and each stochastic number can be represented by a binomial random variable. The variance of a stochastic number is given by p(1 - p)/N where N represents the number of bits in the sequence, and p represents the mean value of the number. For long word-lengths, a binomial random variable behaves as a Gaussian random variable. The mean and variance of a two-input stochastic logic gate are dependent on the bit-level correlation of the two inputs. This paper derives closed-form expressions for mean and variance of two-input stochastic logic gates with correlated inputs. An approach to synthesize correlated stochastic bit streams with specified correlation from uncorrelated bit streams is also presented. Using the proposed synthesis method, stochastic logic gates are simulated with correlated inputs. The simulated values of means and variances are shown to be the same as the theoretical values; thus, the closed-form expressions are validated.
Design of a capacitor-less low-dropout voltage regulator

A solution to the stability of capacitor-less low-dropout regulators with a 4pF Miller capacitor in Multi-level current amplifier is proposed. With the Miller compensation, a more than 50{\deg}phase margin is guaranteed in full load. An extra fast transient circuit is adopted to reduce stable time and peak voltage. When the load changes from light to heavy, the peak voltage is 40mV and chip quiescent current is only 45uA.
Understanding Why Consumers Don't Skip Pre-Roll Video Ads

Pre-roll advertising is a novel form of online video advertising that provides consumers with an option to skip after viewing a brief forced segment. Pre-roll ads are unique from other forms of online advertising because pre-roll ads play in exactly the space in which consumers are expecting to view their intended content. Such interruption and obstruction not only heightens consumer irritation but also causes attention-getting tactics, which are redundant in a highly attentive state, to backfire. For these reasons, existing ad avoidance literature may not adequately address this unique format. Employing a large industry data set of pre-roll ads representing multiple countries and product categories, we empirically examine skipping behavior using a broader range of ad characteristics than previous research. We propose that less complex affective ad characteristics increase skipping by failing to engage cognitive resources and therefore leaving cognitive resources available to experience irritation. We further posit that, in a pre-roll context, attention-getting ad characteristics are not only superfluous but actually increase the likelihood consumers recognize pre-roll content as advertising and skip. Our empirical findings support these assertions, identifying new factors driving ad avoidance, and calling into question the applicability of attention-getting advertising approaches in the novel pre-roll environment.
An EMG-Driven Weight Support System With Pneumatic Artificial Muscles

In this paper, we introduce our newly developed biosignal-based vertical weight support system that is composed of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) and an electromyography (EMG) measurement device. By using our developed weight support system, assist force can be varied based on measured muscle activities; most existing systems can only generate constant assist forces. In this paper, we estimated knee and ankle joint torques from measured EMGs using floating base inverse dynamics. Knee and ankle joint estimated torques are converted to vertical forces by the kinematic model of a subject. The converted vertical forces are used as force inputs for the PAM actuator system. To validate our system's control performance, four healthy subjects performed a one-leg squat with his left leg while his right leg was assisted by our proposed system. We used the vertical force estimated from the measured EMG signals as a control input to the weight support system. We compared EMG magnitudes with four different experimental conditions: 1) normal two-leg squat; 2) one-leg squat without the assist system; 3) one-leg squat with EMG-based weight support; and 4) one-leg squat with constant force support. The EMG magnitude with the proposed weight support system was much closer to that with normal two-leg squat than that with one-leg squat without the assist system and than that with one-leg squat with constant force support.
Alternate Use of Distinct Intersubunit Contacts Controls GABAA Receptor Assembly and Stoichiometry

GABAA receptors are the major inhibitory transmitter receptors in the CNS. Recombinant GABAA receptors composed of α1β3γ2 subunits have been demonstrated to assemble as pentamers consisting of two α1, two β3, and one γ2 subunit. Using truncated and chimeric α1subunits, we identified the α1(80–100) sequence as a major binding site for γ2 subunits. In addition, we demonstrated its direct interaction with γ2(91–104), a sequence that previously has been identified to form the contact to α1 subunits. The observation that the amino acid residues α1P96 and α1H101, which can be photolabeled by [3H]flunitrazepam, are located within or adjacent to the α1(80–100) sequence, indicates that the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors is located close to this intersubunit contact. The observation that α1(80–100) interacts with γ2 but not with β3 subunits indicates the existence of an additional β3 binding site on α1 subunits. The preferred alternate use of the γ2 and β3binding sites in two different α1 subunits of the same receptor ensures the incorporation of only a single γ2subunit and thus, determines subunit stoichiometry of α1β3γ2 receptors. Distinct binding sites and their alternate use can therefore explain how subunits of hetero-oligomeric transmembrane proteins assemble into a defined protein complex.
Outage probability of full-duplex MIMO relay networks with co-channel interference over Rayleigh fading channels

In this work, the outage probability of dual-hop full-duplex amplify-and-forward MIMO relay network is examined in the presence of co-channel interference at the relay over Rayleigh fading channels. The source and destination are equipped with multiple antennas and the relay is equipped with single receive and single transmit antennas. The effects of Rayleigh faded multiple co-channel interferences and self-interference between transmit/receive antennas of the relay are considered. In this relay network, transmit antenna selection at the source and maximal-ratio combining technique at the destination are employed. The outage probability of the relay network is examined via Monte Carlo simulations.
MEAN MOTION RESONANCES IN EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS WITH TURBULENCE, INTERACTIONS, AND DAMPING

This paper continues our previous exploration of the effects of turbulence on mean motion resonances in extrasolar planetary systems. Turbulence is expected to be present in the circumstellar disks that give rise to planets, and these fluctuations act to compromise resonant configurations. This paper extends previous work by considering how interactions between the planets and possible damping effects imposed by the disk affect the outcomes. These physical processes are studied using three related approaches: direct numerical integrations of the three-body problem with additional forcing due to turbulence, model equations that reduce the problem to stochastically driven oscillators, and Fokker–Planck equations that describe the time evolution of an ensemble of such systems. With this combined approach, we elucidate the basic physics of how turbulence can remove extrasolar planetary systems from mean motion resonance. As expected, systems with sufficiently large damping (dissipation) can maintain resonance, in spite of turbulent forcing. In the absence of strong damping, ensembles of these systems exhibit two regimes of behavior, where the fraction of the bound states decreases as a power law or as an exponential. Both types of behavior can be understood through the model developed herein. For systems that have weak interactions between the planets, the model reduces to that of a stochastic pendulum, and the fraction of bound states decreases as a power law P b ∝ t−1/2. For highly interactive systems, however, the dynamics are more complicated and the fraction of bound states decreases exponentially with time. We show how planetary interactions lead to drift terms in the Fokker–Planck equation and account for this exponential behavior. In addition to clarifying the physical processes involved, this paper strengthens our original finding that turbulence implies that mean motion resonances should be rare.
R7BP, a Novel Neuronal Protein Interacting with RGS Proteins of the R7 Family*

The R7 subfamily of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins is represented by four members broadly expressed in the mammalian nervous system. Here we report that in the brain all four R7 proteins form tight complexes with a previously unidentified protein, which we call the R7-binding protein or R7BP. We initially identified R7BP as a protein co-precipitating with the R7 protein, RGS9, from extracts obtained from the striatal region of the brain. We further showed that R7BP forms a tight complex with RGS9 in vitro and that this binding occurs via the N-terminal DEP domain of RGS9. R7BP is expressed throughout the entire central nervous system but not in any of the tested non-neuronal tissues. All four R7 RGS proteins co-precipitate with R7BP from brain extracts and recombinant R7 proteins bind recombinant R7BP with high efficiency. The closest homolog of R7BP is R9AP which was previously found to interact with RGS9 in photoreceptors. Both R7BP and R9AP are related to the syntaxin subfamily of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins involved in vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. In photoreceptors R9AP regulates several critical properties of RGS9 including its intracellular targeting, stability and catalytic activity. This suggests that R7BP interactions with R7 proteins in the brain may also bear major functional significance.
Discovering Coherent Structures in Nonlinear Spatial Systems

A synthesis of elementary computation and dynamical system theories leads to a constructive approach to discovering coherent structures in spatial systems and to quantifying a pattern’s complexity. The basic technique reviewed here builds probabilistic automata from temporal and spatial data series generated by a simple nonlinear spatial system. In this way, a given pattern’s unpredictability and structure are measured by the entropy rate and complexity, respectively, of the “machine” reconstructed from the pattern data. Ancillary remarks indicate how the analysis gives a global view of the high-dimensional state space structures associated with spatial systems and, in particular, the geometry of coherent structure interactions. The bulk of the review, though, emphasizes practical results on inferring coherent space-time structures and on building detectors to track particle-like objects. also in Complexity in Physics and Technology , R. Vilela-Mendes, editor, World Scientific, Singapore (1992) 1.
Imbalances and Policies

In this commentary I raise some doubts about our readiness to address policy questions about global imbalances. A solid policy analysis requires a well-structured theoretical model that can account for the key empirical facts about imbalances, but progress in this direction is still limited. I also discuss problems associated with the practical implementation of optimal government policies.
A comparative analysis of dynamic network decoding

The use of statically compiled search networks for ASR systems using huge vocabularies and complex language models often becomes challenging in terms of memory requirements. Dynamic network decoders introduce additional computations in favor of significantly lower memory consumption. In this paper we investigate the properties of two well-known search strategies for dynamic network decoding, namely history conditioned tree search and WFST-based search using dynamic transducer composition. We analyze the impact of the differences in search graph representation, search space structure, and language model look-ahead techniques. Experiments on an LVCSR task illustrate the influence of the compared properties.
Extensive terminal and asymmetric processing of small RNAs from rRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, and tRNAs

Deep sequencing studies frequently identify small RNA fragments of abundant RNAs. These fragments are thought to represent degradation products of their precursors. Using sequencing, computational analysis, and sensitive northern blot assays, we show that constitutively expressed non-coding RNAs such as tRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs and snRNAs preferentially produce small 5′ and 3′ end fragments. Similar to that of microRNA processing, these terminal fragments are generated in an asymmetric manner that predominantly favors either the 5′ or 3′ end. Terminal-specific and asymmetric processing of these small RNAs occurs in both mouse and human cells. In addition to the known processing of some 3′ terminal tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) by the RNase III endonuclease Dicer, we show that several RNase family members can produce tRFs, including Angiogenin that cleaves the TψC loop to generate 3′ tRFs. The 3′ terminal tRFs but not the 5′ tRFs are highly complementary to human endogenous retroviral sequences in the genome. Despite their independence from Dicer processing, these tRFs associate with Ago2 and are capable of down regulating target genes by transcript cleavage in vitro. We suggest that endogenous 3′ tRFs have a role in regulating the unwarranted expression of endogenous viruses through the RNA interference pathway.
Trajectories of Student Leadership Development Through Training: An Analysis by Gender, Race, and Prior Exposure

Abstract: In this study we examined the developmental trajectories of a national sample of students who participated in a formal leadership program regarding their leadership-related skill, motivation to lead, and leader self-efficacy. We found increases in all areas immediately after participation, with tapering occurring over time. A significant gender effect emerged, as women reported greater initial gains and more loss over time. Students’ trajectories with regard to their racial identification were similar; however, results indicated differences in preexisting motivation to lead and leader self-efficacy. In addition, participation in prior formal programs resulted in decreased benefit within this program.
The ghosts in the nursery

Pregnancy is an important phase in a woman’s life. Parent-infant psychotherapies are a rapidly growing field of infant mental health as many psychological problems have their roots in infancy. Neglect, trauma and abuse and prolonged maternal depression can cause a child to develop a range of problems. The work of Winnicott (1965a) and Bion (1988) put the mother’s fantasy life about her infant as one of the major building blocks of the infant’s construction of a sense of identity (Stern, 1995). Fraiberg (Fraiberg, Adelson & Shapiro, 1980) with her “ghosts in the nursery” revolutionised this perception by placing the maternal representation at the core of the parent-infant clinical situation (Stern, 1995). This book gives an in-depth understanding of the representations of a depressed woman who killed her baby. The concept of maternal representations is the only approach that opens the possibility to start working at the earliest point of prevention, because intervention can start during pregnancy.
Towards in-situ device fabrication : electrostatic lithography and nanowire field effect devices

Electron beams were used to deposit fine line-width charge in electret materials. The electrets were exposed to charged or polarizable nanoparticle precursors. These nanoparticles decorate the charge pattern. Electret materials including Mylar, Polyamide and Teflon were used for this process. Nanoparticles used ranged from carbon black, gold, silver, iron oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon oxide. Multiple nanoparticle delivery methods were employed including immersion in a nanoparticle solution, exposure to a nanoparticle aerosol, electrosprayed nanoparticles and in-situ delivery of nanoparticles. The technique was adapted to produce the fastest known electron beam resist with exposure dosage as low as 10 nC/cm2. We have termed the new resist an electrostatic resist and the technique electrostatic lithography. A novel technique to fabricate logic elements from semiconducting nanowires grown using vapor-liquid-solid mechanism was also developed. The technique involves source, drain, gate-oxide and gate material fabrication using electron beam induced chemical vapor deposition. Field effect transistor and ring oscillator architectures were fabricated using this process. Nanowires were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Current-voltage measurements were performed on the nanowire field effect transistors. Thesis Supervisor: Joseph Jacobson Title: Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences
Bringing a Resource and Capability Lens to Resource Allocation

This article highlights a perspective that has been underexplored in resource allocation research. By viewing resource allocation through a resource and capability lens, three connections are developed between resource-based theories of strategy and strategy research on resource allocation. First, the lens is applied to frame capital investments as investing in capabilities. This framing provides a theoretical path connecting the strategic purpose of investments, through value creation from resource commitments, to the creation of competitive advantage. Second, resource allocation for the purpose of capability development is related to a resource-based model of asset accumulation. Placing resource allocation decisions in the context of capability development suggests that key features of the asset accumulation process can usefully inform research on the resource allocation process. Last, corporate capital allocation is connected to resource redeployment in multibusiness firms. This connection explicates ways in which corporate headquarters can add to firm value. These connections illustrate the potential that resource-based theories have to contribute insights to resource allocation research.
Pushing the Limit of Non-Profiling DPA using Multivariate Leakage Model

Profiling power attacks like Template attack and Stochastic attack optimize their performance by jointly evaluating the leakages of multiple sample points. However, such multivariate approaches are rare among non-profiling Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks, since integration of the leakage of a higher SNR sample point with the leakage of lower SNR sample point might result in a decrease in the overall performance. One of the few successful multivariate approaches is the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for non-profiling DPA. However, PCA also performs sub-optimally in the presence of high noise. In this paper, a multivariate model for an FPGA platform is introduced for improving the performances of nonprofiling DPA attacks. The introduction of the proposed model greatly increases the success rate of DPA attacks in the presence of high noise. The experimental results on both simulated power traces and real power traces are also provided as an evidence.