Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wide-Field X-Ray Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Maps of A754

We present a mosaic of XMM-Newton observations of the nearby major-merger cluster A754 that has either a wider field or better spectral or spatial resolution than previous observations. We construct maps of X-ray surface brightness and temperature integrated along the line of sight. From these two primary maps we derive pseudopressure and pseudoentropy maps. There is structure on a large range of scales in these maps, but the basic pattern is similar to numerical hydrodynamic simulations of cluster mergers. The high surface brightness eastern bar contains gas with the minimum entropy and temperature coupled with the highest iron abundance and density in the cluster. A new feature revealed by these observations is a plumelike structure that appears to emerge from the bar heading northwest. The diffuse radio source also occupies this region, and there is some correspondence between the two. Another new feature is a rim of hot gas to the east, south, and west. We interpret the bar as the core gas from the original main cluster flattened and displaced from the dark matter potential minimum by the merger. The hot rim is the outgoing forward shock from the merger. However, this and previous shocks were weak (M ≤ 2.25), so they are likely only small contributors to the radio-emitting particles. These observations lend support to the merger hypothesis in A754, but some of the parameters of existing models need modification.
A new beamline for hard X-ray tomographic microscopy at the Spanish Synchrotron ALBA

The BL31-FaXToR is a new beamline currently under construction at the third generation synchrotron facility ALBA, dedicated to hard x-ray micro-tomography. The beamline will provide the opportunity to perform 3D imaging within sub-seconds time resolution, working under mono- or white-beam conditions. A dual detection system is foreseen at the top of an innovative end-station design in order to perform fast imaging with a multi-scale approach. In this paper, we provide an overview of the new beamline design and of the expected performances. Raytracing and phase-contrast imaging simulations have been used to optimize the optical design. The beamline will be fed by a 2.5T multipole wiggler with a critical energy of 14.7 keV. A double multilayer monochromator (DMM) covers an energy range between 8 to 50 keV with a bandwidth up to 3.5%. The DMM crystals can be shifted out of the beam path to operate in filtered white beam modality with higher energies spanning from 30 to 70 keV. Multiple filtering configurations will be used to optimize the spectra according to the specific experimental settings. The beamline will serve different scientific communities, including material science, biomedical, paleontology, earth science, cultural heritage etc. FaXToR is expected to start user operations by the beginning of 2024.
Low line density blazed gratings with low blaze angles

Gratings installed in synchrotron beamlines and instruments have standard line densities ranging from ~300 L/mm up to 2400 L/mm with blaze angles from 0.3° to 2°. For FEL beamlines lower line densities and lower angles are required. To manufacture these in the required high quality poses some challenges with regard to the ruling process and the ion etching process. Our investigation and process results will be described here. Additionally, first results of the process on a grating substrate are demonstrated.
Using principal component analysis and elastic net in logistic regression to identify the location of objects in EIT

This paper presents the research results on the use of machine learning algorithms and electrical tomography to detect moisture in the tank. The article presents methods such as principal component analysis and elastic net in logistic regression, for identifying object locations. Tomographic methods show a spatial image of the interior, not individual points of the examined cross-section. Previous studies have shown that the choice of machine learning model has a significant impact on the quality of the results obtained. Machine learning is more likely to provide accurate tomogram reconstructions than traditional mathematical methods. In this study, linear regression models performed slightly worse than neural networks. A specially developed numerical model was used in this study. The characteristic feature of the analyzed solution is the partition of the modeled object into a set of elements using a specially developed mesh.
Exact Shearing Flow Magnetized Hybrid Kinetic Equilibria with Inhomogeneous Temperature

Magnetized plasmas with shearing flows are found in many natural contexts, such as around Earth’s magnetopause. In collisionless plasmas where physical quantities vary on a scale of the order of or larger than ion scales, the hybrid Vlasov−Maxwell description (kinetic ions coupled to a neutralizing electron fluid via electromagnetic fields) represents a suitable approach. When crossing the magnetopause, the ion temperature, density, and direction of magnetic field vary. We derive a form for an exact stationary solution of the hybrid Vlasov−Maxwell equations that represent a magnetized plasma with a quasi-planar shearing flow, variable density and ion temperature, and variable magnetic field direction. A stationary ion distribution function is expressed as a suitable combination of particle constants of motion and evaluated numerically in such a way to obtain configurations with variable density and temperature and two quasi-planar oppositely directed velocity shear layers. Properties of particular configurations are derived from Magnetospheric Multiscale measures during crossings of Earth’s magnetopause. In the first case a quasi-uniformly directed, nearly perpendicular magnetic field is present, while in the second case, going from the magnetosheath to the magnetosphere, the magnetic field makes a wide rotation from one side to the other of the shearing flow plane. In both cases, the ion distribution function departs from a Maxwellian in the shear layers, displaying temperature anisotropy and agyrotropy, with a nonsymmetric behavior in the two shear layers. The configurations considered here can be used as models for Earth’s magnetopause in simulations of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.
Detection of Coastline Changing by Using Remote Sensing Imagery (Case Study in Talawi District, Tanjung Tiram District, Lima Puluh Pesisir District Batu Bara Regency)

The high pressure in utilizing coastal areas and oceans causes in coastal damage. The coastline is the confluence of land areas and sea areas, where the existence of the line and the position of the coastline can change and undergo changes over time, and the position of the existence of the line is not fixed. The purpose of this study is to find out the changes in the coastline of the Coal District, Talawi District, Tanjung Tiram District and Lima Puluh Pesisir District in 2017-2022. The data analysis technique was used in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis. The data processing includes: Data Acquisition using Satellite Imagery (Raster) data. The data is used by satellite imagery was selected based on 2017 until 2022 coverage representatives, the lowest percentage of cloud cover in the study area. Supporting Spatial Data (vectors). The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is a plug in for esri ArcGIS 10.4 - 10.6 desktops to calculate historical coastline change rate statistics. Based on the results of coastline delianiation, it can be seen that the length of coastal gasis in 2017 in The Lima Puluh Pesisir District is 10.48 Km, in 2022 there was a decrease to 10.42 Km while based on RBI data on a scale of 1:50,000 in the 2014 update year was 17.37 Km. The length of the coastline of Tanjung Tiram District in 2017 was 24.31 Km, there was a decrease in 2022 to 23.44 Km and based on RBI data of 16.90 Km.The Talawi District has the length of the coastline was 3.16 Km in 2017, there is an increase in 2022 to 3.22 Km while the coastline on the RBI map was 3.23 Kilometers in length.
Machine learning algorithms for surface plasmon resonance bio-detection applications, A short review

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have many applications in detecting toxic gases, water pollutants, and biomarkers of many diseases. Surface plasmon resonance sensors are a good candidate for future sensing platforms due to their high sensitivity and fine resolution. However, the challenges of high cost, cross-sensitivity, and large amount of generated data need to be addressed to unlock surface plasmon resonance potential. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can address these challenges. In this short review, recent studies integrating the algorithms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) with (SPR) sensing mechanisms for bio-detection applications are presented here. This short review shows how the integrated approach can help mitigate some of the challenges faced by traditional SPR sensing.
Energy-Resolving X-ray Imaging at 1 MHz Frame Rate – The HEXITECMHZ ASIC

HEXITECMHZ is an ASIC developed to deliver spectroscopic x-ray imaging at frame rates up to 1MHz for future high-flux-rate applications. Optimised for sensing electron signals from detector materials such as CdTe, CZT, GaAs, and p-type silicon detectors, the design has an array of 80×80 pixels on a pitch of 250 μm, with each pixel capable of measuring single x-ray photons up to energies of 200 keV, with a resolution of 1 keV FWHM. Further improvements in the spatial and spectroscopic resolution are possible due to the pixel’s ability to simultaneously sense positive signals up to 20 keV induced by internal weighting-potential effects from electron signals on neighbouring pixels. A count rate limit of around 106 photons s-1 mm-2 is achieved by converting the signals from all pixels every 1 μs using 12-bit time-to-digital converters – an improvement of two orders of magnitude over previous HEXITEC ASICs. To save power, each converter is shared between groups of eight pixels. Each 76.8kbit data frame is Aurora 64b/66b encoded and serialised over twenty lanes of differential CML, all operating in parallel at 4.1 Gbit/s. In this paper, we present details of the design, including preliminary test results from the ASIC.
Non-extensitivity vs. informative moments for financial models —A unifying framework and empirical results

Information-theoretic approaches still play a minor role in financial market analysis. Nonetheless, there have been two very similar approaches evolving during the last years, one in the so-called econophysics and the other in econometrics. Both generalize the notion of GARCH processes in an information-theoretic sense and are able to capture kurtosis better than traditional models. In this article we present both approaches in a more general framework. The latter allows the derivation of a wide range of new models. We choose a third model using an entropy measure suggested by Kapur. In an application to financial market data, we find that all considered models – with similar flexibility in terms of skewness and kurtosis – lead to very similar results.
Adaptive inference for the mean of a Gaussian process in functional data

Summary. We propose and analyse fully data‐driven methods for inference about the mean function of a Gaussian process from a sample of independent trajectories of the process, observed at random time points and corrupted by additive random error. Our methods are based on thresholded least squares estimators relative to an approximating function basis. The variable threshold levels are determined from the data and the resulting estimates adapt to the unknown sparsity of the mean function relative to the approximating basis. These results are obtained via novel oracle inequalities, which are further used to derive the rates of convergence of our mean estimates. In addition, we construct confidence balls that adapt to the unknown regularity of the mean and covariance function of the stochastic process. They are easy to compute since they do not require explicit estimation of the covariance operator of the process. A simulation study shows that the new method performs very well in practice and is robust against large variations that may be introduced by the random‐error terms.
Improvement of watermark detection ability based on blockwise image compensation for geometrical distortions

One of the important problems of watermarking techniques is the weakness against geometrical distortions because of synchronization loss. In this paper, we propose an image compensation scheme against geometrical distortions in order to extract watermarks correctly. Our scheme collects the feature points in an image so as to recover the distortions caused by geometrical distortion attacks. Such feature points are selected by the local maximal value of partitioned regions which can be obtained by several filtering operations. Based on the computer simulated results, we have searched the optimal filtering operation and interpolation, and then studied the validity of our scheme. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(12): 1– 9, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20235
Spontaneous emission in cylindrical periodically-layered structures

This paper studies the effects of cylindrical dielectric periodically-layered structures on spontaneous emission from an excited dipole line source. The source is modeled as a forced oscillator with radiative damping. The underlying physics lies in how the oscillator can be driven by the reflected field supported by this structure. To match the boundary conditions of EM waves, the transfer matrix method (TMM) is employed for its simplicity and versatility. Both the frequency shift and modified radiative damping rate are formulated analytically. It is shown that due to interference the wave supported by the structures can affect the source emission significantly. Strong enhancement and inhibition of the emission depend on both the layered structure and the frequency. Different compositions of the structures are achieved by tuning the structure parameters such as the reflective index and the width of layers. Furthermore, the results reveal that the strong enhancement and inhibition are sensitive to the layer width. It is found that strong inhibition is stable against source position variation, whereas strong enhancement is quite unstable. Potential applications in cylindrical quantum well lasers and semiconductor devices and perspective for future work are suggested.
Parallel non‐iterative methods for evolutionary semilinear flow problems

This paper deals with the efficient numerical solution of semilinear parabolic problems that describe flow phenomena through non‐isotropic porous media. For the time integration of such problems, we propose a linearly implicit fractional step method that considers function and operator splittings related to suitable decompositions of the flow domain. The resulting family of elliptic problems is discretized in space by means of the support‐operator technique, obtaining a nine‐cell finite difference scheme on a logically rectangular grid. Owing to the chosen splittings, the totally discrete scheme involves sets of uncoupled linear systems that can be solved in parallel. Finally, a numerical experiment is included in order to show the unconditionally convergent behaviour of the scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internal stress storage in shape memory polymer nanocomposites

We examine the storage and release of internal stresses in shape memory polymers reinforced with a dispersion of nanometer-scale SiC particles. A quantitative Rietveld analysis of diffraction peaks was used to measure changes in the lattice parameter of the SiC particles after permanent deformation at 25°C, and subsequent shape recovery induced by heating to 120°C. Under 50% compression of the composite material, the nanoparticles store a finite compressive stress, which is almost completely released during heated strain recovery. The values of the stored internal stresses in the particles are compared to values based on micromechanic calculations.
Reflection and transmission of an obliquely incident wave by an array of spherical cavities

A plane wave is incident on a doubly periodic array of spherical cavities in an elastic solid. The cavities are of equal radius d, and their centers are located in a single plane, the x1x2 plane, at positions x1=ma, x2=nb. The propagation vector of a plane, time‐harmonic, incident longitudinal wave is located in the x1x3 plane. The scattering problem is formulated rigorously by taking advantage of the geometrical periodicity. The reflected and transmitted longitudinal and transverse wave motions may be expressed as superpositions of an infinite number of wave modes, each with its own cutoff frequency. Reflection and transmission coefficients have been defined as integrals over a single cavity in terms of the displacement components and auxiliary surface traction terms on the surface of the cavity. The system of singular integral equations for the displacement components has been solved numerically by the boundary integral equation method. Curves show the reflection and transmission coefficients for the re.
Impact of localized tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in ensembles of seasonal GCM integrations

A series of 120-day ensemble integrations of a general circulation model, designed to assess the impact of geographically localized sea-surface-temperature (SST) anomalies in both the tropics and extratropics, are described. These experiments contribute firstly to an appraisal of the relative roles of tropical and extratropical SST anomalies on interannual variability of the large-scale circulation in the northern extratropics, and secondly to an assessment of the role of quasi-stationary diabatic-heating anomalies on model systematic error, including blocking activity. Overall it is found that SST anomalies associated with El Nino and La Nina have a larger and more reproducible impact on the extratropics than the chosen extratropical SST anomalies. These extratropical anomalies were localized to the north-west Pacific, and north-west Atlantic, with realistic amplitude. However, unlike earlier studies, a response to the extratropical North Pacific SST anomalies has been obtained over the North Pacific which is correlated with the sign of the imposed SST anomaly. The response to extratropical SST anomalies in the north-west Atlantic are similar to the results obtained from an earlier study. The downstream responses to the extratropical Pacific and Atlantic SST anomalies are qualitatively similar to one another. Overall it is concluded that the northern large-scale flow is influenced by such extratropical SST anomalies. The response to idealized tropical SST anomalies was also studied. In particular, a localized anomaly over Indonesia had a very substantial impact on the Hadley circulation, on zonal flow, and on blocking frequency over the North Pacific and Europe. This response was such as to reduce model systematic error: locally in the vicinity of the SST anomaly, remotely around the tropics, and remotely in the extratropics. A similar, though weaker, impact on Euro-Atlantic blocking was obtained with an idealized Caribbean SST anomaly. Further statistical and dynamical analyses suggested that the extratropical response to the Indonesian SST anomaly occurs through the creation of two distinct planetary-scale regimes, in one of which the formation of blocks is much favoured by increased ridges on the north-eastern side of the oceans.
Rabies Virus Populations in Humans and Mice Show Minor Inter-Host Variability within Various Central Nervous System Regions and Peripheral Tissues

Rabies virus (RABV) has a broad host range and infects multiple cell types throughout the infection cycle. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and minor variant analysis are powerful tools for studying virus populations within specific hosts and tissues, leading to novel insights into the mechanisms of host-switching and key factors for infecting specific cell types. In this study we investigated RABV populations and minor variants in both original (non-passaged) samples and in vitro-passaged isolates of various CNS regions (hippocampus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord) of a fatal human rabies case, and of multiple CNS and non-CNS tissues of experimentally infected mice. No differences in virus populations were detected between the human CNS regions, and only one non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected in the fifth in vitro passage of virus isolated from the spinal cord. However, the appearance of this SNP shows the importance of sequencing newly passaged virus stocks before further use. Similarly, we did not detect apparent differences in virus populations isolated from different CNS and non-CNS tissues of experimentally infected mice. Sequencing of viruses obtained from pharyngeal swab and salivary gland proved difficult, and we propose methods for improving sampling.
Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design against Monkeypox Virus via Reverse Vaccinology Method Exploiting Immunoinformatic and Bioinformatic Approaches

(1) Background: The monkeypox virus is a zoonotic orthopox DNA virus that is closely linked to the virus. In light of the growing concern about this virus, the current research set out to use bioinformatics and immunoinformatics to develop a potential vaccine against the virus. (2) Methods: A multiepitope vaccine was constructed from the B-cell and T-cell epitopes of the MPXVgp181 strain using adjuvant and different linkers. The constructed vaccine was predicted for antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and population coverage. In silico immune simulation studies were also carried out. Expression analysis and cloning of the constructed vaccine was carried out in the pET-28a(+) vector using snapgene. (3) Results: The constructed vaccine was predicted to be antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. It was predicted to have excellent global population coverage and produced satisfactory immune response. The in silico expression and cloning studies were successful in E. coli, which makes the vaccine construct suitable for mass production in the pharmaceutical industry. (4) Conclusion: The constructed vaccine is based on the B-cell and T-cell epitopes obtained from the MPXVgp181 strain. This research can be useful in developing a vaccine to combat the monkeypox virus globally after performing in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies.
Calculation of the Fisher Information Matrix for Periodic ARMA Models

ABSTRACT The present article is mainly concerned with the calculation of the Fisher information matrix associated to a periodic autoregressive moving average model (P-ARMA). We provide a computation algorithm based on the conditional likelihood function expression. The established algorithm extends Klein and Mélard's algorithm (1989) elaborated for the classical ARMA models, to the case of periodic autoregressive moving average models. Moreover, for the application of this algorithm, we provide a procedure to compute the theoretical periodic autocovariance function in terms of the parameters of the periodic model. In addition, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for non singular Fisher information matrix of a periodic ARMA model.