Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The functional neuroanatomy of male psychosexual and physiosexual arousal: A quantitative meta‐analysis

Reproductive behavior is mandatory for conservation of species and mediated by a state of sexual arousal (SA), involving both complex mental processes and bodily reactions. An early neurobehavioral model of SA proposes cognitive, emotional, motivational, and autonomic components. In a comprehensive quantitative meta‐analysis on previous neuroimaging findings, we provide here evidence for distinct brain networks underlying psychosexual and physiosexual arousal. Psychosexual (i.e., mental sexual) arousal recruits brain areas crucial for cognitive evaluation, top‐down modulation of attention and exteroceptive sensory processing, relevance detection and affective evaluation, as well as regions implicated in the representation of urges and in triggering autonomic processes. In contrast, physiosexual (i.e., physiological sexual) arousal is mediated by regions responsible for regulation and monitoring of initiated autonomic processes and emotions and for somatosensory processing. These circuits are interconnected by subcortical structures (putamen and claustrum) that provide exchange of sensorimotor information and crossmodal processing between and within the networks. Brain deactivations may imply attenuation of introspective processes and social cognition, but be necessary to release intrinsic inhibition of SA. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1404–1421, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Tutorial on Constraint Programming

A constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) consists of a set of variables; for each variable, a nite set of possible values (its domain); and a set of constraints restricting the values that the variables can simultaneously take. A solution to a CSP is an assignment of a value from its domain to every variable, in such a way that every constraint is satis ed. Many problems arising in O.R. , in particular scheduling, timetabling and other combinatorial problems, can be represented as CSPs. Constraint programming tools now exist which allow CSPs to be expressed easily, and provide standard strategies for nding solutions. This tutorial is intended to give a basic grounding in constraint satisfaction problems and some of the algorithms used to solve them, including the techniques commonly used in constraint programming tools. In particular, it covers arc and path consistency; simple backtracking and forward checking, as examples of search algorithms; and the use of heuristics to guide the search. A simple example is considered in detail to show the e ect of di erent choices of formulation and search strategy. Finding optimal solutions to CSPs is also discussed.
A-6 WEBSITES FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATORS : A BENCHMARK STUDY TO IDENTIFY BEST PRACTICES

1 Jennifer Turns, University of Washington, Technical Communication, Seattle, WA, 98195-2195, jturns@engr.washington. edu 2 Michelle Valeriano, University of Washington, Center for Engineering Learning and Teaching, Seattle, WA, 98195-2180, mvaleria@u.washington. edu 3 Robin Adams, University of Washington, Center for Engineering Learning and Teaching, Seattle, WA, 98195-2180, radams@u.washington. edu Abstract There are a large number of websites devoted to engineering education issues. In this paper, we evaluate four of these websites using a usability inspection technique. We use the results of the evaluation to provide a benchmark of engineering education websites, in terms of promising design practices and opportunities for improvement.
Un[bracketed]: phenomenological polyethnography

Purpose Due to the limitations to the purpose and practice of both phenomenological and duoethnographic research methodologies, the purpose of this paper is to propose phenomenological polyethnography as a hybrid qualitative methodology, which would guide skilled researchers in conducting phenomenological exploration of an emergent experience as insiders. Design/methodology/approach This study is an applied a hybridization approach to phenomenology and duoethnography as two distinct qualitative research traditions. Findings Employing a poststructuralist perspective, researcher-participants with relevant difference co-investigate a phenomenological question together. Borrowing elements from both hermeneutic phenomenology and duoethnography, this methodology involves the consideration of a phenomenon, the use of authors with relevant difference who have both special insight into that phenomenon as participants and skill as qualitative researchers, the intentional collection of prereflective data while all researcher-participants are experiencing the phenomenon or immediately after, the subsequent reflection upon and interpretation of the phenomenon as it was similarly and differently experienced by the researcher-participants, and the description of both the essence and meaning of the phenomenon. Research limitations/implications This new, hybrid qualitative methodology will enable researchers to more efficiently analyze and disseminate the research of insider knowledge on emergent phenomena in higher education and other settings. Originality/value As a new methodology, it may be used to investigate events and provide rich, thick description in a way not before seen.
Relationship between Toll-Like Receptor 8 Gene Polymorphisms and Pediatric Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objectives: Genetic variants in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are considered a potential indicator for host susceptibility to and outcome of several infectious diseases including tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether −129 C/G and Met1Val polymorphisms of TLR8 were associated with pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis in Turkish population. Methods: The −129 C/G and Met1Val polymorphisms were studied in 124 children with pulmonary tuberculosis compared to 150 age-matched healthy control subjects. Results: We did not identify any statistically significant differences between the patients with TB and control groups with regard to the frequency of genotypes GG or G/(−), CG, and CC or C/(−); and alleles G and C at rs3764879 (p > 0.05). We found a strong association with genotype A/(−) at rs3764880 with susceptibility to pulmonary TB in males (OR 2.87, 95%CI 1.38–5.98, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Our results provide evidence, for the first time, of a role for the TLR8 gene in susceptibility to pulmonary TB in male children. Additional research to verify our results are necessary. Tuberculosis in children presents particularly difficult challenges, but research priorities and advances in pediatric tuberculosis could provide wider insights and opportunities for tuberculosis control.
CUNI at MediaEval 2014 Search and Hyperlinking Task: Search Task Experiments

In this paper, we describe our participation in the Search part of the Search and Hyperlinking Task in MediaEval Benchmark 2014. In our experiments, we compare two types of segmentation: fixed-length segmentation and segmentation employing Decision Trees on a set of various features. We also show usefulness of exploiting metadata and explore removal of overlapping retrieved segments.
How people use words to make meanings : Semantic types meet valencies

This paper proposes that meanings in text are both created and understood by matching actual text occurrences (or creations) against patterns of usage stored in the brain. A ‘pattern’ in this sense has two elements: valency, which is comparatively stable, and one or more sets of preferred collocations, which are highly variable. To understand collocations, we draw on prototype theory developed by the cognitive scientist Eleanor Rosch (1973a, 1973b), its philosophical counterpart developed by the philosopher Hilary Putnam (1970, 1975a, 1975b), and the linguistic insights of John Sinclair (1966, 1987, 1991, 2004). Collocates are grouped into lexical sets according to their semantic type, using the Generative Lexicon theory of James Pustejovsky (1995). Corpus pattern analysis shows that each word habitually participates in only a comparatively small number of patterns, and that most patterns are unambiguous in their interpretation. This yields a new theory of language use – a ‘double helix theory’ called the theory of norms and exploitations (Hanks in press). This argues that language use is governed by not one but two interactive sets of rules: a set of rules for using words normally and a set of rules for exploiting the norms creatively.
An efficient method of random walk particle tracking : accuracy and resolution

This paper describes an efficient random walk particle tracking (RWPT) method for finite element models in two dimensions. The method for interpolation of global node based velocities for unstructured grids and the implementation of the RWPT are described. The RWPT method is verified using published results of particle path lines to verify the calculation of the velocity field. RWPT transport results obtained with this method are also verified using an analytical solution. Furthermore, the accuracy of the RWPT method in terms of the number of particles required to guarantee reliable solutions is investigated for both homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifers. It is found that a similar number of particles is needed in both cases to achieve a comparable accuracy. Compared to prior results by Hassan and Mohamed [2003], the number of particles used could be decreased by about two orders of magnitude, which indicates the method suggested is efficient for this kind of problem.
A Qualitative Systematic Review of the Role of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists in Preventive Analgesia

We evaluated in a qualitative systematic review the effect of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on reducing postoperative pain and analgesic consumption beyond the clinical duration of action of the target drug (preventive analgesia). Randomized trials examining the use of an NMDA antagonist in the peri-operative period were sought by using a MEDLINE (1966–2003) and EMBASE (1985–2003) search. Reference sections of relevant articles were reviewed, and additional articles were obtained if they evaluated postoperative analgesia after the administration of NMDA antagonists. The primary outcome was a reduction in pain, analgesic consumption, or both in a time period beyond five half-lives of the drug under examination. Secondary outcomes included time to first analgesic request and adverse effects. Forty articles met the inclusion criteria (24 ketamine, 12 dextromethorphan, and 4 magnesium). The evidence in favor of preventive analgesia was strongest in the case of dextromethorphan and ketamine, with 67% and 58%, respectively, of studies demonstrating a reduction in pain, analgesic consumption, or both beyond the clinical duration of action of the drug concerned. None of the four studies examining magnesium demonstrated preventive analgesia.
Happiness as Surplus or Freely Available Energy

This paper presents a literature review that indicate happiness as a state of freely available or surplus energy. Happiness is associated with good metabolism and glucose levels, fewer demands (from parenting, work, difficult social relationships, or personal threats), and goal achievement, as well as increased ease of processing, mental resources, social support, and monetary wealth. Each of these either provide or help conserve energy.
Globalization and the environment : risk assessment and the WTO

The WTO has laid the foundations for a new era of trade relations, and increased trade liberalization has improved global efficiency in production and consumption. The strengthening of trade rules, however, has increased the scope for disputes over interpretations of more extensive and complicated agreements, and has spilt over into environmental and scientific matters. One of the unforseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This study explores aspects of risk with special reference to the WTO, where national instruments to reduce risk may conflict with international trade rules.
DInSAR and Coherence Tracking Applied to Glaciology : The Example of Shirase

Within the framework of a research project carried out in collaboration with the Department of Geography of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), we have studied the contribution of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) phasimetry in the field of glaciology. The main objective of this research was to extract surface velocity fields for the Shirase glacier, a fast-flowing continental ice stream in Draunning Maud Land, East Antarctica, by using differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR). Since the ice flow is mainly oriented along the azimuth direction, we developed a simple coherence tracking procedure which allows measuring azimuth displacements within a fraction of a pixel. Though less accurate than DInSAR range measurements, the velocity field calculated using this method is in accordance with velocities obtained by other methods. Introduction Several studies have shown that differential interferometry was particularly well suited for measuring ice stream displacement velocities along the range coordinate (Goldstein & al. 1993, Rignot 1996). When an observed point is displaced in the local horizontal plane between SAR acquisitions, the component of this movement along the slant-range direction generates a differential phase. Therefore, knowing the time lapse separating both acquisitions that are used to generate the interferogram containing a differential phase, one can calculate the mean velocity component along the slant-range direction. If the displacement has a component along the azimuth dimension, it has no influence on the differential phase. Therefore, DInSAR allows measuring only the slant-range component of a movement. This means that to measure a complete velocity field, one needs almost three interferometric pairs containing a differential phase, acquired along three different and non-coplanar incidences. Since they are based on ERS images, one can at most use ascending and descending passes, and a complete velocity field can only be inferred from differential interferometry imposing several restrictive hypotheses. Nevertheless, in the field of glaciology, remote sensing and, more particularly, SAR phasimetry is often a unique investigation method. The Shirase Glacier In this study, the area of interest is the central part of the Shirase glacier, located in Antarctica at 39° East and 70° South. We measured the displacement field of an ice stream covering an area approximately 20 km X 70 km. DInSAR and Coherence Tracking Applied to Glaciology: The Example of Shirase Glacier Dominique Derauw (dderauw@ulg.ac.be) Centre Spatial de Liège (CSL), Avenue du Pré Aily, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium To perform this study, we used three ERS Tandem pairs (Table 1). Acquisition Baseline Ambiguity dates Bx By B// B⊥ of altitude Pair 12 April 9 & 10, 1996 55.4 0.8 18.7 52.5 -171 Pair 34 May 14 & 15, 1996 61.7 -5.7 27.2 56.5 -158 Pair 56 June 2 &3, 1996 12.5 -2 12.6 -1.9 5588 Table 1: Available Tandem pairs
Laparoscopy Assisted versus Open Distal Gastrectomy with D2 Lymph Node Dissection for Advanced Gastric Cancer: Design and Rationale of a Phase II Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial (COACT 1001)

Purpose Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer has gained acceptance and popularity worldwide. However, laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer is still controversial. Therefore, we propose this prospective randomized controlled multi-center trial in order to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopy assisted D2-gastrectomy for advanced stage gastric cancer. Materials and Methods Patients undergoing distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer staged cT2/3/4 cN0/1/2/3a cM0 by endoscopy and computed tomography are eligible for enrollment after giving their informed consent. Patients will be randomized either to laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy or open distal gastrectomy. Sample size calculation revealed that 102 patients are to be included per treatment arm. The primary endpoint is the non-compliance rate of D2 dissection; relevant secondary endpoints are three-year disease free survival, surgical and postoperative complications, hospital stay and unanimity rate of D2 dissection evaluated by reviewing the intraoperative video documentation. Discussion Oncologic safety is the major concern regarding laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. Therefore, the non-compliance rate of clearing the N2 area was chosen as the most important parameter for the technical feasibility of the laparoscopic procedure. Furthermore, surgical quality will be carefully reviewed, that is, three independent experts will review the video records and score with a check list. For a long-term result, disease free survival is considered a secondary endpoint for this trial. This study will offer promising evidence of the feasibility and safety of Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer.Trial Registration: NCT01088204 (international), NCCCTS-09-448 (Korea).
Apa Updates Its Position on Energy Psychology

In September 1999, the American Psychological Association (APA) notified its 600 (at the time) Continuing Education (CE) sponsors that they may not offer APA CE credit to psychologists for courses on Thought Field Therapy (Murray, 1999). The controversial ruling, which was applied to all courses that purportedly influence the body’s “energy fields” by stimulating acupuncture points or using related techniques (these approaches are collectively known as “energy psychology” and include the popular Emotional Freedom Techniques or EFT), has been challenged multiple times. Established APA CE sponsors as well as organizations that had unsuccessfully applied to offer energy psychology courses as APA CE sponsors were unable to persuade the APA that the approach was worthy of study by psychologists.
Investigating data broadcast performance in mobile ad-hoc networks

We investigate broadcasting in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). We define broadcasting as being the process of delivering one packet, originated at one node, to (ideally) all other nodes in the MANET. We present specific problems related to broadcasting in MANETs, as well as four broadcast protocols aimed at providing MANET-wide broadcast. Further, three protocol-independent modifications are presented. One aimed at ensuring that a broadcast packet traverses at least the "shortest path" to its destinations, and two aimed at increasing the fraction of nodes which receive a broadcast packet. Through simulation studies, we evaluate the performance characteristics of the broadcast protocols and generic modifications under different conditions.
Model-based assessment of factors influencing categorical audiovisual pereception

Information processing in the sensory modalities is not segregated but interacts strongly. The exact nature of this interaction is not known and might differ for different multisensory phenomena. Here, we investigate two cases of categorical audiovisual perception: speech perception and the perception of rapid flashes and beeps. It is known that multisensory interactions in general depend on physical factors, such as information reliability and modality appropriateness, but it is not known how the effects occur. Here we parameterize the effect of information reliability for both our model phenomena. We also describe the effect of modality appropriateness as that of a factor that interacts with the effect of information reliability for counting rapid flashes and beeps. Less explored is whether multisensory perception depends on cognitive factors such as attention. Here we show that visual spatial attention and attentional set influence audiovisual speech perception. Whereas visual spatial attention affected unimodal perception prior to audiovisual integration, attentional set influenced the audiovisual integration stage. We also show a strong effect of intermodal attention on counting rapid flashes and beeps. Finally, we introduce a quantitative model, early maximum likelihood integration (MLI), of the interaction between counted flashes and counted beeps. We compare early MLI to the Fuzzy Logical Model of Perception (FLMP) which is a MLI model based on categorical percepts, and show that early MLI fits the data better using fewer parameters. Early MLI is also able to incorporate the effects of information reliability and intermodal attention in a more efficient way than the FLMP.
Surgical Decisions in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma with Low or Normal Tension

ABSTRACT Glaucoma, given its insidious nature, is often coined ‘the sneak thief of sight'. Following this trail of thought, primary open angle glaucoma with low or normal tension (POAGLNT) could be coined ‘the king of thieves'. The lack of a compelling red fag of high intraocular pressure (IOP), together with the diurnal fuctuation of the deceptively low baseline IOP, POAGLNT poses a therapeutic challenge in terms of judging when to intervene, and how. In this review article, we will outline the considerations before undergoing surgery: risk stratification, defining goal in terms of target pressure and IOP modulation. We will also review the strengths, weaknesses and pearls of available options. How to cite this article: Shum JW, Leung DY. Surgical Decisions in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma with Low or Normal Tension. J Current Glau Prac 2013;7(3):121-127.
Gefitinib Induces Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dimers Which Alters the Interaction Characteristics with 125I-EGF

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib inhibits growth in some tumor types by targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Previous studies show that the affinity of the EGF-EGFR interaction varies between hosting cell line, and that gefitinib increases the affinity for some cell lines. In this paper, we investigate possible mechanisms behind these observations. Real-time interaction analysis in LigandTracer® Grey revealed that the HER2 dimerization preventing antibody pertuzumab clearly modified the binding of 125I-EGF to EGFR on HER2 overexpressing SKOV3 cells in the presence of gefitinib. Pertuzumab did not affect the binding on A431 cells, which express low levels of HER2. Cross-linking measurements showed that gefitinib increased the amount of EGFR dimers 3.0–3.8 times in A431 cells in the absence of EGF. In EGF stimulated SKOV3 cells the amount of EGFR dimers increased 1.8–2.2 times by gefitinib, but this effect was cancelled by pertuzumab. Gefitinib treatment did not alter the number of EGFR or HER2 expressed in tumor cell lines A431, U343, SKOV3 and SKBR3. Real-time binding traces were further analyzed in a novel tool, Interaction Map, which deciphered the different components of the measured interaction and supports EGF binding to multiple binding sites. EGFR and HER2 expression affect the levels of EGFR monomers, homodimers and heterodimers and EGF binds to the various monomeric/dimeric forms of EGFR with unique binding properties. Taken together, we conclude that dimerization explains the varying affinity of EGF – EGFR in different cells, and we propose that gefitinib induces EGFR dimmers, which alters the interaction characteristics with 125I-EGF.
Improved approximations of packing and covering problems

Aravind Srinivasant Several important NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems can be posed as packing\couerirag integer pragramq the rarzrfomized rouradingtechnique of Raghavan & Thompson is a powerful tool to approximate them well. We present one elementary unifying property of all these integer programs (IPs), and use the FKG correlation inequality to derive an improved analysis of randomized rounding on them. Thk also yields a pessimistic estimator, thus presenting deter-ministic polynomial-time algorithms for them with approximation guarantees significantly better than those known.