Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Actin-based motor properties of native myosin VIIa.

Myosin VIIa has critical roles in the inner ear and the retina. To help understand how this protein functions, native myosin VIIa was tested for mechanoenzymatic properties. Myosin VIIa was immunoprecipitated from retinal tissue and found to be associated with calmodulin in a Ca(2+)-sensitive manner. Myosin VIIa Mg-ATPase activity was detected; in the absence of Ca(2+) (i.e. with bound calmodulin), it was stimulated by f-actin with a K(cat) of 4.3 s(-1) and with 7 microM actin required for half-maximal activity. In a sliding filament motility assay, myosin VIIa moved actin filaments with a velocity of 190 nm s(-1). These results demonstrate that myosin VIIa is a calmodulin-binding protein and a bona fide actin-based motor.
Screen-strategy analysis in broadcast basketball video using player tracking

In basketball games, screen is a blocking move performed by an offensive player, who stands beside or behind a defender, in order to free a teammate to shoot, to receive a pass, or to drive in to score. Screen is the fundamental essence that most offensive tactics are executed with. In this paper, a screen-strategy analysis system is designed, and through combining the identified screens, what tactics are executed in basketball games can be speculated. The proposed system is capable of court region detection, camera calibration and player extraction. Player trajectories are computed by a Kalman filter-based tracking method and mapped to the real-world court coordinates. The player position/trajectory information greatly assists professional-oriented applications such as screen-strategy analysis and tactic inference. The experiments on broadcast basketball videos show encouraging results.
Application of the Ontology Axioms for the Development of OCL Constraints from PAL Constraints

Nowadays, ontologies play a central role in many computer science problems such as data modelling, data exchange, integration of heterogeneous data and models or software reuse. Yet, if many methods of ontology based conceptual data modelling have been proposed, only few attempts have been made to ontology axioms based modelling of business rules, which make an integral part of each conceptual data model. In this paper, we present the approach how ontology axioms can be used for business rules implementation. Our proposal we apply for the transformation of PAL (Protege Axiom Language) constraints (ontology axioms), which is based on KIF (Knowledge Interchange Format) and is part of KIF ontology, into OCL (Object Constraint Language) constraints, which are part of a UML class diagram. Z language is used to formalise the proposal and describe the transformation. The Axiom2OCL plug-in is created for automation of the transformation and a case study is carried out.
Adenosine Diphosphate–Induced Platelet Aggregation Is Associated With P2Y12 Gene Sequence Variations in Healthy Subjects

Background—The adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor P2Y12 plays a pivotal role in platelet aggregation, as demonstrated by the benefit conferred by its blockade in patients with cardiovascular disease. Some studies have shown interindividual differences in ADP-induced platelet aggregation responses ex vivo, but the mechanisms underlying this variability are unknown. Methods and Results—We examined ADP-induced platelet aggregation responses in 98 healthy volunteers, and we identified 2 phenotypic groups of subjects with high and low responsiveness to 2 &mgr;mol/L ADP. This prompted us to screen the recently identified Gi-coupled ADP receptor gene P2Y12 for sequence variations. Among the 5 frequent polymorphisms thus identified, 4 were in total linkage disequilibrium, determining haplotypes H1 and H2, with respective allelic frequencies of 0.86 and 0.14. The number of H2 alleles was associated with the maximal aggregation response to ADP in the overall study population (P =0.007). Downregulation of the platelet cAMP concentration by ADP was more marked in 10 selected H2 carriers than in 10 noncarriers. Conclusions—In healthy subjects, ADP-induced platelet aggregation is associated with a haplotype of the P2Y12 receptor gene. Given the crucial role of the P2Y12 receptor in platelet functions, carriers of the H2 haplotype may have an increased risk of atherothrombosis and/or a lesser clinical response to drugs inhibiting platelet function.
cartilage lesion score: Comparison of a Quantitative Assessment Score with Established Semiquantitative MR Scoring Systems 1

To describe a scoring system for quantification of cartilage lesions (Cartilage Lesion Score [CaLS]), to determine its reproducibility, to examine the association of CaLS-detected longitudinal change with known risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) progression by comparing a group of subjects with OA risk factors with a group of subjects without OA risk factors, and to compare the CaLS system with the established semiquantitative Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) and Boston-Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score (BLOKS) systems in terms of detection of cartilage defect progression. All subjects provided written informed consent, and the local institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study. Fifty-two subjects with and 25 subjects without risk factors for knee OA were randomly selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Inclusion criteria were age of 45–60 years, body mass index of 19–27 kg/m 2 , and no knee pain or OA on radiographs at baseline. Baseline and 24-month follow-up right knee 3-T magnetic resonance images were analyzed with WORMS, BLOKS, and CaLS systems. Progression of cartilage lesions with each scoring system was compared by using multilevel mixed-effects linear-regression models. k values were calculated to determine reliability.
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ( MANETs ) Are Not A Fundamentally Flawed Architecture

Millions of people nowadays have portable computers and they generally want to read their e-mail and access their normal file systems wherever in the world they may be. This demand for mobility has fueled the rapid progression of computer & communication technologies from networks consisting of both stationary hosts & routers, to networks consisting of mobile hosts and stationary routers, and more recently to the other extreme case of networks having both mobile hosts and mobile routers. This last case of infrastructure-less networks of mobile hosts and mobile routers are called ad hoc networks or MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks). It has been claimed that MANETs are a fundamentally flawed architecture. This is because Mobile Ad Hoc networks are almost never used in practice and almost every wireless network nodes communicate to base-stations and access points, instead of co-operating to forward packets hopby-hop. In this paper, we take the position that MANETs cannot be declared a fundamentally flawed architecture. The reasoning behind this position is that MANETs are still an emerging technology that has received intensive attention only recently. All aspects of the MANET concept are yet to be identified and fully understood. Research on MANETs is still in its early stages and considerable research effort is still necessary.
The memory effect of visual perception of three-dimensional form.

The kinetic depth effect that has been discussed in a preceding paper (2) enables monocular Ss to perceive three-dimensional form as directly as do persons with serviceable binocular vision by means of retinal disparity. Yet this effect alone does not, of course, solve the entire problem of the perception of solid form. Threedimensional form is seen monocularly also when the observer does not move in relation to the object and it is also perceived in photographs and drawings. It has been mentioned in the preceding paper that an empiristic explanation of these cases of threedimensional form perception becomes more feasible through the demonstration of the kinetic depth effect. This is so because no empiristic explanation can be termed successful until it is made clear how the original process •or experience is brought about under whose influence current experience is supposed to occur. Prior to the demonstration of the kinetic depth effect (KDE) no process was known which could account in a satisfactory way for the "original" perception of threedimensional form in monocular Ss. Two different approaches have been made to explain the perception of three-dimensional form that occurs in the absence of retinal disparity or of other specific cues for visual depth. It has been proposed that threedimensional forms are seen under these circumstances because the corresponding retinal patterns have the power to evoke them directly. Gibson (1), who holds such a view, believes that such retinal patterns have geometric characteristics which are specific stimuli for depth just as there are specific stimuli for color, pitch, etc. A'lany Gestalt psychologists believe that visual processes are spontaneously organized so that certain patterns of stimulation lead to three-dimensional forms and others to plane forms in perception and they have tried to formulate the principles which underlie such organization. When three-dimensional objects are seen as threedimensional forms, it is due to the fact that their retinal projections have properties which favor organization as three-dimensional forms. The other approach is, of course, the empiristic one. It is believed that previous experiences can cause a present perception in three dimensions. For a number of reasons, one of which—the nature of the KDE itself— will be discussed below, we came to believe that an influence of past experience plays an important role in the perception of three-dimensional form and set out to demonstrate such an effect in a stringent way. Such a demonstration requires that a retinal pattern, which at the outset is seen as a plane figure, gives rise under identical external conditions to the perception of a three-dimensional form after an intervening exposure of the same pattern given under conditions which cause it to be seen as three-dimensional.
Neuroprotection: the role of neuroglia.

Astrocytes protect neurons against: 1. Glutamate excitotoxicity through exchange of glutamine for glutamate. 2. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen (peroxynitrite) species. 3. Toxins of endo- and exogenous origin e.g. cyanide. Astrocytes and microglia also protect neurons by storing excess iron and by brushing away from the brain tissue damaged cell constituents such as aged mitochondria, peroxidized cytomembranes and nitrated proteins.
Automatic video object segmentation and shadow detection for surveillance applications

This paper presents an object-based adaptive background update algorithm that is suitable for video surveillance in the dynamically changing environment. The background model is updated using information from not only the pixel change but also the currently detected object. The proposed method is able to deal with such problems as ghost and uncovered background. In addition, a shadow detection scheme is proposed to eliminate the shadow effect. Experimental results for three video sequences with different background situations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Cumulative lifetime incidence of extracolonic cancers in Lynch syndrome: a report of 121 families with proven mutations

Lynch syndrome or hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer is caused by mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. The extracolonic tumour spectrum includes endometrial, ovarian, gastric, small bowel, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, brain, and urothelial neoplasms. Families were referred on the basis of clinical criteria. Tumour immunohistochemistry and microsatellite testing were performed. Appropriate patients underwent sequencing of relevant exons of the MMR genes. Proven and obligate mutation carriers and first‐degree relatives (FDRs) with a Lynch syndrome spectrum cancer were considered mutation carriers, as were a proportion of untested, unaffected FDRs based on the proportion of unaffected relatives testing positive in each age group. Kaplan–Meier analysis of risk to 70 years was calculated. One hundred and eighty‐four Lynch syndrome spectrum extracolonic cancers in 839 proven, obligate, or assumed mutation carriers were analysed. Cumulative risk for females of an extracolonic tumour is 47.4% (95% CI 43.9–50.8). The risk to males is 26.5% (95% CI 22.6–30.4). There was no reduction in gynaecological malignancies due to gynaecological screening (examination, transvaginal ultrasound scan, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy). Males have a higher risk of gastric cancer than females (p = 0.0003). Gastric cancer risk in those born after 1935 does not justify surveillance. These penetrance estimates have been corrected for ascertainment bias and are appropriate for those referred to a high‐risk clinic.
'Authoring Once, Delivering many': creating Reusable Adaptive Courseware

This paper addresses the issue of creating reusable adaptive courseware from the point of view of the author (teacher or instructor). We illustrate the idea of reusability under the motto "Authoring Once, Delivering Many" by showing the conversion process from a generic authoring system, MOT (My Online Teacher), to a different delivery system, WHURLE. This exercise is but one in a series of interfacing exercises, through which we try, step by step, to come closer to the goal of being able to reuse adaptive educational material, once created, on any adaptive delivery platform desired. The focus here is less on the technical aspects of the interfacing, as on the reduction of authoring burden, on one side, and on the maintenance of a certain level of pedagogical flexibility during the conversion, on the other.
Environmental pH modulation by pathogenic fungi as a strategy to conquer the host

The ability of microorganisms to sense and adapt to changes in the environment is essential to their survival. This is particularly important for species with an intimate association with host organisms, such as pathogens, symbionts, and commensals. Host environments vary greatly in pH, ranging from highly acidic in the stomach (pH< 2) to mildly acidic on the skin and plant surfaces (6.5 < pH < 4.5), neutral in the blood (pH 7.4), and basic in parts of the intestine (pH< 8.5) [1–4], and fungi have developed multiple mechanisms to adapt to pH variations. This Pearl will focus on the ability of pathogenic fungi to respond to and actively modulate the host’s pH.
A comparison of the antibacterial activity of levobupivacaine vs. bupivacaine: an in vitro study with bacteria implicated in epidural infection

The purpose of the study was to compare the antibacterial activity of bupivacaine with levobupivacaine against a range of bacteria implicated in epidural infection to determine whether any differences existed between the two drugs. Concentrations of 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% bupivacaine and levobupivacaine were inoculated with suspensions of either Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus faecalis. After incubation, the mixtures were plated onto blood agar and colony counts were recorded after a further period of incubation. The minimum bactericidal concentration of local anaesthetic against the three bacteria studied was found to be 0.25% for bupivacaine and 0.5% for levobupivacaine showing racemic bupivacaine to have a more potent antibacterial action than levobupivacaine. This finding suggests that the dextrobupivacaine isomer of racemic bupivacaine has a more potent antibacterial action than the levobupivacaine isomer.
Identifying Priority Actions for Improving Patient Satisfaction With Outpatient Cancer Care

In parallel to developing new cancer therapies, the healthcare community has the responsibility of creating positive treatment experiences for patients. Data from 5907 cancer outpatients treated at 23 hospitals across the United States were analyzed to identify the top priorities for service improvement in outpatient cancer treatment facilities. They included meeting patients' emotional needs, providing information to patients and family members, reducing waiting times, and providing convenience and coordinated care among physicians and other care providers.
Decomposing cloth

Implicit schemes have become the standard for integrating the equations of motion in cloth simulation. These schemes, however, require the solution of a system representing the entire, fully connected cloth mesh at each time step. In this paper we present techniques that dynamically improve the sparsity of the underlying system, ultimately allowing the mesh to be decomposed into multiple components which can then be solved more efficiently and in parallel. Our techniques include a novel adaptive implicit-explicit (IMEX) scheme which takes advantage of simulation parameters, locally in both space and time, to minimize the coupling of the system. This scheme further directly improves the efficiency of the computation at each time step. Other sparsity improvements are obtained by exploiting the physical model of Choi and Ko (2002), as well as static constraints in the system. In addition, we present a <i>modified</i> preconditioner for the modified preconditioned conjugate gradient (MPCG) technique of Baraff and Witkin (1998), improving its performance by taking constraints into account.
The effect of the Indonesian throughflow on ocean circulation and heat exchange with the atmosphere: A review

A new version of the island rule, which relates transport around an island to wind and pressure forcing, provides a basis for comparing various published theoretical estimates of the long-term mean Indonesian throughflow magnitude. It is found, among other things, that nonlinear effects near Halmahera and pressure gradients across New Zealand may modify the long-term throughflow magnitude. Recent theoretical estimates of interannual throughflow variations are in approximate agreement with observation; Indian Ocean Kelvin waves play an important role. On still shorter timescales and for understanding flow details in different channels, consideration of the full details of the Indonesian region via numerical modeling becomes essential. Most of the throughflow enters from the Mindanao Current. The process by which the South Pacific waters eventually reach the Mindanao Current appears to involve some nonlinear retroflection process (particularly in northern summer) and subsequent freshening along long pathways in the North Pacific. Observed water mass transformations in Indonesian waters demand a vertical eddy diffusivity of about 10−4 m2 s−1, large enough to generate turbulent heat fluxes of order 40 W m−2 at the base of the mixed layer. According to numerical models, changes in ocean circulation associated with the throughflow are likely to affect patterns of heat exchange with the atmosphere in widely separated regions of the world ocean. In particular, an increased throughflow will result in more heat loss to the atmosphere in the subtropical Indian Ocean and less in the Pacific Ocean. Simple, physically reasonable mechanisms have been offered for these model results. Observational evidence to support or refute these mechanisms is rather fragmentary but is reviewed here. Our present understanding of the throughflow permits some informed speculations as to the possible role of the throughflow in coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomena, such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Earlier estimates of western Pacific reflectivity seem largely confirmed by recent observational results. However, it is suggested that tidal mixing in the Indonesian seas may generate ENSO-related sea surface temperature anomalies there, possibly affecting the development of westerly wind bursts.
Obesity as an Important Risk Factor for Certain Types of Cancer

Cancer could be described as the uncontrolled and unrestricted growth of malignant cells in any place of the body. It is a multifactorial disease which either heredity or environmental factors (such as nutrition, physical inactivity, alcohol, obesity, exposure to sun, environmental pollutants, infections) chip in incidence of cancer. In recent years, several researchers have focused on obesity as a potent cancer risk factor. Scientificevidences have suggested that obesity has associated with increased risk for a plenty of different types of cancer. The evidences are the most consistent for endometrial cancer, breast cancer between the postmenopausal women, and renal cell cancer. More contradictoryresults have reported about the colorectal, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. Although numerous studies have done according to the obesity and cancer relation or joint, but the molecular mechanisms in which obesity could increase the risks of cancer, have been poorly understood.
Poster: Toward Efficient and Secure Code Dissemination Protocol for the Internet of Things

Current Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) approaches do not provide an efficient and secure code dissemination function due to emerging issues of IoT applications. In this work, we adopt a multicast approach instead of the existing end-to-end or epidemic approaches. In order to enable the multicast approach, we propose an efficient/robust group key distribution scheme. We will evaluate and quantify the performance of our prototype implementation in a public testbed, while emulating several practical IoT settings, and show our security measures against known attack models.
Incidence of and risk factors for skin cancer after heart transplant.

OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence, tumor burden, and risk factors for nonmelanoma and other skin cancer types in this heart transplant cohort. DESIGN Retrospective review of patient medical records. SETTING Tertiary care center. Patients All heart transplant recipients at Mayo Clinic from 1988 to 2006. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cumulative incidence of skin cancer and tumor burden, with Cox proportional hazards regression models used to evaluate risk factors for posttransplant primary and secondary nonmelanoma skin cancer. RESULTS In total, 312 heart transplant patients had 1395 new skin cancers in 2097 person-years (mean, 0.43 per year per patient) with a range of 0 to 306 for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 0 to 17 for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The cumulative incidence rates of any skin cancer were 20.4%, 37.5%, and 46.4% at 5, 10, and 15 years after heart transplant, respectively. Cumulative incidence of SCC after the first BCC was 98.1% within 7 years. Multivariate analysis showed that posttransplant nonskin cancer, increased age, and heart failure etiologic factors other than idiopathic disease were associated with increased risk of SCC. Posttransplant herpes simplex viral infection, increased age, and use of mycophenolate mofetil for immunosuppression were associated with increased risk of BCC. CONCLUSIONS With prolonged survival, many heart transplant patients have numerous skin cancers. Vigilant sun protection practices, skin cancer education, and regular skin examination are appropriate interventions in these high-risk patients.