Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Pulp Color by Transcriptomic Analysis of ‘Huaxiu’ Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) during Fruit-Ripening

The plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is one of the traditional and economically important stone fruit trees in China. Anthocyanins are important pigments in plums. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation in plum fruits, which has hindered research on the molecular mechanism of its utilization. Our research shows that the chlorophyll content was gradually decreased and the contents of anthocyanin and flavonoid increased during the coloring process of the pulp in ‘Huaxiu’ plums (P. salicina). Then, the RNA-Seq technique was used to analyze the transcriptome of pulp color changes with three different stages (yellow, orange, and red) in the ‘Huaxiu’ plum (P. salicina). A total of 57,119 unigenes with a mean length of 953 bp were generated, and 61.6% of them were annotated to public databases. The Gene Ontology (GO) database assigned 21,438 unigenes with biological process, cellular components, and molecular function. In addition, 32,146 unigenes were clustered into 25 categories for functional classification by the COG database, and 7595 unigenes were mapped to 128 KEGG pathways by the KEGG pathway database. Of these, 1095 (YS-versus-OS), 4947 (YS-versus-RS), and 3414 (OS-versus-RS) genes were significantly expressed differentially between two coloration stages. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 20 and 1 differentially expressed genes (DEG) are involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis, respectively. Finally, we mainly identified three structural genes as candidate genes. The transcriptome information in this study provide a basis for further studies of pulp colors in plum and contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in pulp.
Single-pulse femtosecond laser machining of glass

We describe a study of single-pulse machining of glass with 150 fs pulses at 800 nm (Ti:sapphire) and present results demonstrating in a quantitative way the dependence of the machining quality on the focal position and the pulse energy of the laser beam. We report experimental results indicating the creation of sub-diffraction limited structures. A theoretical calculation of the ablation threshold of glass is inferred from our experimental results to be 5.55 J cm−2. Results are also presented that illustrate the dependence of the machining quality on the pulse duration used. A technique for optimizing the focal position at energies below the machining threshold is detailed and the results of a related study investigating the self-focusing of femtosecond beams in air are described.
Electromagnetic fields of a moving electric dipole

The classical electric and magnetic fields of a moving electric dipole with a general trajectory are obtained in terms of the dipole moment and the position vector, their time derivatives and those of higher order. In contrast to the fields of a moving charge, which depend only on velocity and acceleration at retarded time, the dipole fields also depend on the rate of change of acceleration at retarded time. Another novel property is that for a non–oscillating source such as a permanent dipole, the fields have radiative character. The fields are found first by direct integration of Maxwell's equations with the dipole source partitioned into polarization and Röntgen currents. The resulting expressions are analogous to those found by Feynman for an arbitrary moving charge. These dipole fields are also obtained in forms similar to the Lienard–Wiechert fields for a moving charge. These are grouped in terms of the power law of distance of the field point from the source. Finally, the fields of the dipole with some specific trajectories such as linear and circular motions are discussed.
Perception of Online Learning Among Undergraduate Medical Students of Eastern India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background In 2020 WHO declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a global pandemic. To flatten the curve of infection, a nationwide lockdown was declared by the Indian government. All the schools and colleges were shut for an indefinite period. Like all other streams, medical education also got severely hampered. Adapting themselves to the changing environment, teachers started using different teaching-learning methods and media to get across to the students. The objective of the research was to study the perception of medical students towards online teaching during the COVID pandemic. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by the distribution of a pre-validated online questionnaire to medical students of West Bengal. From the collected data, relevant statistical averages and census domains were calculated. The chi-square test was done and assessed with a p≤0.05 significance level. Results A significant increase was noted in the time spent by students on various online teaching activities (p<0.05). Video tutorials, e.g., YouTube, were ranked as the most effective mode (17.2%), followed by live tutorials via Microsoft Teams, etc. (8.9%). A significant number (30.2%) of students strongly favoured online teaching over face-to-face teaching. Major challenges of online learning cited by students were internet connectivity issues (79.8%) followed by family distraction (37.9 %) and inconvenient timing of the classes (20.1%). Conclusion Our study highlighted the benefits, disadvantages and barriers to online learning from the perspective of undergraduate medical education in India. Even though the online mode of teaching was found to be beneficial in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it cannot be used as an absolute substitution for face-to-face teaching in the given context.
Analysis of Impact of Bioimpedance on Performance of Implant Coil of Artificial Retina for Optimizing Q Factor & Bandwidth

Spiral coils are indispensable part of implantable electronics for facilitating wireless power and data transfer. Although many advanced high Q receiver design have emerged, implementing and retaining high Q in biological medium so as to improve link efficiency is challenging. This article bridges the gap between advanced techniques towards improving link efficiency and the tissue losses that deteriorates the Q factor of coil in heterogeneous tissue medium. The purpose of this research is to improve the Q factor and bandwidth of the coil in tissue medium by reducing the net conductance of the coil in tissue medium, which is comparable to the net conductance in air. Bioimpedance of each layer of the eye is modelled to identify the highly capacitive and highly conductive tissue layer in the eye. To investigate the worst-case and best-case scenario, Q factor and bandwidth of the implant coil is analysed in the eye with and without aqueous humor which is a highly conductive and capacitive tissue layer in the eye. The coil is encapsulated with breast fat which possess lowest permittivity of all body tissue. After removing the high conductive tissue layer from the implantation zone, the Q factor and bandwidth of the coil is improved by 87.5% and 97.7% respectively. It is observed that 100% Q at 10 MHz and 76.75% of bandwidth is recovered in tissue medium after using breast fat as encapsulation layer. This demonstration of coil for various test cases in tissue medium aids to device a reliable, safe and efficient wireless power/data transfer system for artificial retina.
Mathematical Morphology-Based Fault Detection in Radial DC Microgrids Considering Fault Current From VSC

The paper proposes a fast fault detection method for radial DC microgrids established on mathematical morphology (MM) denoising filters and detection principles utilizing only local measurements. The proposed fault detection algorithm utilizes the DC fault current signal from a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) and detects a fault. Problems related to communication delays are thus avoided, while preserving the low cost and computational burden. The proposed fault detection framework includes five different MM-based denoising filters, employed as pre-signal processing methods whose features are assessed and compared. The influence of selecting an appropriate type and length of a structuring element (SE) on the proposed method is analyzed. The developed fault detection method based on MM is used for extracting transient features and detecting pole-to-pole (PP) and pole-to-ground (PG) faults within milliseconds of their occurrence. The proposed method is demonstrated using simulation tests in MATLAB/Simulink. The results indicate that the proposed method enables reliable, accurate and fast detection of both the PP and the PG faults. Computer simulations are carried out to verify that the proposed method distinguishes faults from overload.
Picoliter-volume glucose concentration microsensor based on miniature abrupt-tapered Mach-Zehnder-interferometer

We report an ultracompact Mach-Zehnder index sensor with a device length of 438.6 μm using two micro-abrupt-tapers in a cladding-reduced strongly-guiding fiber based on a focused CO2 laser beam. The cladding of strongly-guiding fiber is chemically etched before irradiated by a focused CO2 laser beam. The index sensitivity is 600 nm/refractive index unit respectively at around 1.37 μm wavelength with a volume of 31.2 picoliter optical liquid trapping at one micro-abrupt-taper. A 72 picoliter glucose liquid with concentration of 200 mg/dL can lead to a red-shift of 0.8 nm at 1.3 μm.
Statistical analysis of the motility of nano-objects propelled by molecular motors

Motility assays are the tools of choice for the studies regarding the motility of protein molecular motors in vitro. Despite their wide usage, some simple, but fundamental issues still need to be specifically addressed in order to achieve the best and the most meaningful motility analyses. Several tracking methods used for the study of motility have been compared. By running different statistical analyses, the impact of space versus time resolution was also studied. It has been found that for a space resolution of 80 nm and 145 nm per pixel for kinesin-microtubule and actomyosin assays, respectively, the best time resolution was ~0.9 and ~10 frame per second, respectively. A rough relationship - RatioA and RatioM - between space and time resolutions and velocity for actin filaments and microtubules, respectively, was found. The motility parameters such as velocity, acceleration and deflection angle were statistically analysed in frequency distribution and time domain graphs for both motors assays. One of the aims of these analyses was to study if one or two populations were present in either assay. Particularly for actomyosin assays, electric fields varying from 0 to ~10000 Vm-1 were applied and the previous parameters and the angle between filaments motion and the electric field vector were also statistically analysed. It was observed that this angle was reduced by ~55º with ~5900 Vm-1. The overall behaviour of the motors was discussed bearing in mind both present and previous results and some physio-biological characteristics. Kinesin-microtubule and actomyosin (simple and electric fields) assays were compared. Some new experiments are suggested in order to accomplish a better understanding of these motors and optimise their role in the applications that depend on them.
Validation of the Polar H10 Accelerometer in a Sports-Based Environment

: The Polar H10 is a low-cost wearable with a heart rate monitor and tri-axial accelerometer with potential for many applications. While the device’s heart rate monitor has been widely studied, there is no research validating the accelerometer speciﬁcally. The purpose of this study was to conduct a validation of the Polar H10 accelerometer to establish static and dynamic validity during a sports-based task. Static validity was determined by computing the relative error when using a level guide to hold each axis of the Polar H10 against gravity. Fifteen healthy adults (8F/7M) participated in sports-based tasks while wearing the Polar H10 (Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland) and a comparison device, the MetaMotionR inertial measurement unit (MbientLab Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA). Dynamic validity was characterized using Pearson’s correlation coefﬁcient and root mean square error (RMSE). Additionally, common features in human activity recognition (mean magnitude, root mean square, power, and signal magnitude area) were computed in 2 s windows and compared via RMSE and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. When held against gravity, the Polar H10 had relative errors ranging from 2.620% to 4.288%, suggesting high static validity. During sports-based tasks, the accelerometers had correlations between 0.888 and 0.954, indicating sufﬁcient concurrent validity for all axes, as well as acceleration magnitude. The differences in acceleration features were minimal (RMSE for mean, root mean square, power, and signal magnitude were 0.003 G, 0.004 G, 0.112 G, and 0.017 G, respectively), but all reached signiﬁcance ( p < 0.001). These results provide evidence for the use of the Polar H10 accelerometer to measure movement during sport-like activities.
Study on the structure-activity relationships between superimposed polymer membranes based on graphene doped cationic hydrophilic polyurethane and the pilling & static resistance of coated cashmere fabrics

The effects of superimposed polymer membranes doped by graphene via the foaming micro-coating technique on the pilling and static resistance of coated cashmere fabrics are studied. The bonding behaviors to fibers of polymer, which are inescapable in the traditional dipping processing technique, are avoided by the foaming micro-coating technique. Some flexible hydrophilic cationic polyurethanes are purposefully designed and employed in the micro-coating processing of cashmere fabric, and the effects of different coating techniques on the pilling, static, UV and washing resistance of coated cashmere fabric are studied. Results show that the semi-embedded graphene in the “top coating” membrane contributes to static resistance. The pilling resistance of cashmere fabric covered by polymer membranes is enhanced from Grade 1.5 to Grade 4.5 when the its weight gain rate of “bottom coating” reaches 1.5% (o.m.f.), and its static voltage half-life decreases from over 120 s to about 1 s because of functional “top coating. ” In addition, the ultraviolet protection factor value of the finished cashmere is doubled, and its anti-pilling and anti-static effects can tolerate more than five times of washing.
First Report of Potentially Pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae from Serotype K2 in Mollusk Tegillarca granosa and Genetic Diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae in 14 Species of Edible Aquatic Animals

Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause serious pneumonitis in humans. The bacterium is also the common causative agent of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Here we for the first time reported the genetic diversity of K. pneumoniae strains in 14 species of edible aquatic animals sampled in the summer of 2018 and 2019 in Shanghai, China. Virulence-related genes were present in the K. pneumoniae strains (n = 94), including the entB (98.9%), mrkD (85.1%), fimH (50.0%), and ybtA (14.9%) strains. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was the most prevalent (52.1%), followed by chloramphenicol (31.9%), and tetracycline (27.7%), among the strains, wherein 34.0% had MDR phenotypes. Meanwhile, most strains were tolerant to heavy metals Cu2+ (96.8%), Cr3+ (96.8%), Zn2+ (91.5%), Pb2+ (89.4%), and Hg2+ (81.9%). Remarkably, a higher abundance of the bacterium was found in bottom-dwelling aquatic animals, among which mollusk Tegillarca granosa contained K. pneumoniae 8-2-5-4 isolate from serotype K2 (ST-2026). Genome features of the potentially pathogenic isolate were characterized. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR)–based genome fingerprinting classified the 94 K. pneumoniae strains into 76 ERIC genotypes with 63 singletons, demonstrating considerable genetic diversity in the strains. The findings of this study fill the gap in the risk assessment of K. pneumoniae in edible aquatic animals.
Downwelling Longwave Irradiance at the Ocean Surface: An Assessment of In Situ Measurements and Parameterizations

Abstract Two sets of ocean surface longwave irradiance measurements collected during the FASINEX and MILDEX experiments are analyzed for quality and variability studies. Using concomitant radiosonde data, the clear-sky contribution to the downward flux at the surface is computed and, subsequently, the effect of clouds from the surface measurements is deduced. The longwave irradiance computations are performed using a broadband model, a simpler parameterization, and an empirical formula. The three schemes are chosen because they represent different, possible approaches for computing surface longwave irradiance. They are intercompared, separating clear and cloud components, and verified against in situ measurements. During both experiments, which took place in midlatitudes during different seasons, variations in the downward longwave flux associated with clear-sky variations (air temperature, humidity changes) and cloud effects are found to be of the same order of magnitude (≈70 W m−2). Applied to radiosond.
Snap Buckling in Overhand Knots

When an overhand knot tied in an elastic rod is tightened, it can undergo a sudden change in shape through snap buckling. In this paper, we use a combination of discrete differential geometry (DDG)-based simulations and tabletop experiments to explore the onset of buckling as a function of knot topology, rod geometry, and friction. In our setup, two open ends of an overhand knot are slowly pulled apart, which leads to snap buckling in the knot loop. We call this phenomenon “inversion” since the loop appears to dramatically move from one side of the knot to the other. This inversion occurs due to the coupling of elastic energy between the braid (the portion of the knot in self-contact) and the loop (the portion of the knot with two ends connected to the braid). A numerical framework is implemented that combines Discrete Elastic Rods with a constraint-based method for frictional contact to explore inversion in overhand knots. The numerical simulation robustly captures inversion in the knot and is found to be in good agreement with experimental results. In order to gain physical insight into the inversion process, we also develop a simplified model of the knot that does not require simulation of self-contact, which allows us to visualize the bifurcation that results in snap buckling.
Demagnetizing fields in magnetic measurements. II. Bulk and surface imperfections

Imperfections such as pores, cracks, surface pits, and scratches perturb the magnetization in an otherwise uniform material as a result of the long‐range nature of magnetic dipole forces. A number of simple computer simulations have been made which allow semiquantitative estimates of the effects of imperfections in typical experimental situations. The results show that the perturbations will be particularly significant near phase transitions and in experiments using very thin samples and a localized measuring probe.
Atomistic study on the nano-scratch mechanism of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy at different morphology densities

The physical nature of the scratch behavior of CoCrFeMnNi HEA and its deformation mechanism at different morphology densities are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the groove morphology contributes to the reduction of surface plastic deformation and exhibits a friction-reducing effect. As the morphology density decreases, the surface deformation and atom pile-up decrease, and the plastic deformation in the scratch region decreases, resulting in a further enhancement of the friction reduction effect. The increase of scratch depth intensifies the plastic deformation of the specimens, and the average scratch coefficient of friction increases with the increase in scratch depth. The dominant plastic deformation mechanism in the scratch deformation of CoCrFeMnNi HEA with different morphology densities is the slip deformation of Shockley partial dislocations. The MD simulations are verified further by qualitatively comparing them with corresponding experimental observations of CoCrFeMnNi HEA.
The Incidental Resolution of Severe Alcohol Use Disorder during Esketamine Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Case Report

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is especially prevalent among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is associated with higher morbidity, mortality, disability, and risk for suicide. Intranasal esketamine has been documented to be a safe and effective option for treatment resistant MDD and received US FDA approval in 2019. However, the availability of esketamine is limited due to requirements for a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program for its administration as well as concerns over substance use disorders (SUD) as a potential contraindication or adverse effect. This case presents a 61-year-old female with a history of severe recurrent treatment resistant MDD and severe AUD who has expressed interest in esketamine. To date, she has completed 20 sessions of 56 mg intranasal esketamine twice a week before increasing to 5 weekly sessions and then 14 weekly sessions of 84 mg. Although there was immediate subjective improvement in mood as well as reductions in PHQ-9 and HAM-D scores, the dosage was increased to extend the therapeutic benefit throughout the entire intertreatment interval. She was able to complete these sessions without complication. Incidentally, she also reported decreased desire to use alcohol, decreased impulsivity, and the complete cessation of alcohol use by the second week. While on 56 mg, she had a single relapse of binging which was addressed with motivational therapy and has remained alcohol-free since. This case presents the first documented example of the safe and effective use of intranasal esketamine in patient with treatment resistant MDD in which there was incidental resolution of their comorbid severe AUD. This suggests that esketamine can be used without risk of SUD onset or exacerbation. Thus, esketamine should not be discounted in patients with SUD and continued research is needed to further elucidate its role in treating SUD.
The First Step in Inculcating Reading: Insights from UAE on Efficacy in Teaching Kindergarteners to Read in the Arabic Language

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate how the knowledge and self-efficacy of kindergarten school teachers impact students’ learning outcomes namely Arabic language reading skills. The study was a cross-sectional survey and collected data from 120 kindergarten teachers. The study showed that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge and self-efficacy, both contributing to better learners’ experience during early learning periods. The null hypothesis of the study was that there was a difference in the teacher’s gender in their ability to create enthusiasm in class. The teacher’s gender difference had an insignificant effect. The study also found that there is still a challenge to effectively teach children with reading difficulties like dyslexia.