Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the special issue on practice-oriented approaches to sustainable HCI

Since Blevis's seminal paper [Blevis 2007] in 2007, environmental sustainability has established itself as a mainstream concern for HCI. After an initial flurry of excitement about the potential for existing HCI techniques, such as persuasive computing and interaction design, to contributemeaningfully to increasing sustainability, we have begun to recognize that the complexity and apparent intractability of working towards sustainability is providing serious challenges to current HCI ways of approaching problems. For example, some are working to deepen the engagement between HCI and established approaches of environmental psychology [Froehlich et al. 2010] and behavioral theory [Hekler et al. 2013] in order to develop more rigorous methods and theoretical connections for pursuing sustainability. Others are deploying and evaluating eco-feedback technologies at a scale not yet common in HCI [Erickson et al. 2013] to get a better sense of their effects and potentialities. Thus, sustainability is becoming not simply a problem that HCI can contribute to solving, but also an opportunity to understand the limits of HCI as it is currently constituted and to develop new possibilities for the discipline.
Linking micro- and macro-transitions: A case study on systemic family processes during adolescents’ transition to high school

Abstract The main goal of this paper is to observe how family interactive reorganizations (micro-transitions) are amplified by adolescent children’s transition to high school (macro-transition) and reverberates through the whole family system involving parents and siblings. In-home video-recorded interviews and interactive tasks were carried out with families during 1 year before and after adolescents entered high school. The collected material was transcribed and analyzed according to inductive and microanalytical procedures. Results document how families having different subsystem composition (with or without siblings) get reorganized in different ways when facing the school transition: Families having a second-born child do not get reorganized on that event, as changes revolved around the lives of first-borns. Starting from these observations, I discuss implications for a systemic and ecological approach to generate new ideas on the study of family processes during life-course changes.
Predictive Inference Generation as a Function of Working Memory Capacity and Causal Text Constraints

Two factors that affect the predictive inferential process are examined: the working memory (WM) capacity of the reader and causal text constraints. A naming task was used in Experiment 1 to investigate predictive inferences that were based on texts containing low, moderate, and high causal sufficiency events at 2 time delays (250 and 500 ms). The results indicated that high WM capacity readers make predictive inferences when texts contain high causal sufficiency events, at both time delays, as evidenced by naming time differences between high-low and high-moderate causal sufficiency conditions. There is no evidence that low WM capacity readers make predictive inferences at either time delay. In Experiment 2, reading times for target sentences that either confirmed or contradicted predictive inferences in low, moderate, and high causal sufficiency conditions were collected. The results showed that high WM capacity readers make predictive inferences when causal sufficiency is high and target sentences confirmatory and that both low and high WM capacity readers make predictive inferences based on the comparison between high causal sufficiency texts in the confirmatory versus contradictory conditions. Thus, both experiments demonstrate that generating predictive inferences is a demanding process that requires a certain amount of WM resources and causal text constraints.
On showing lower bounds for external-memory computational geometry problems

In this paper we consider lower bounds for external-memory computational geometry problems. We (cid:12)nd that it is not quite clear which model of computation to use when considering such problems. As an attempt of providing a model, we de(cid:12)ne the external memory Turing machine model, and we derive lower bounds for a number of problems, including the element distinct-ness problem, in this model. For these lower bounds we make the standard assumption that records are indivisible. Waiving the indivisibility assumption we show how to beat the lower bound for element distinctness. As an alternative model, we brie(cid:13)y discuss an external-memory version of the algebraic computation tree.
Tutoring to increase achievement and motivation

Herbert J. Klausmeier University of Wisconsin, Madison Tutoring programs differ in many ways. Some programs are highly structured and have clearly specified procedures for both the tutors and tutees; other programs are informal with the tutee and tutor working out their procedures on a trial-and-error basis during the tutoring sessions. The objectives of tutoring also vary, and where students are involved as tutors, the programs are often intended to have value for both the tutors and tutees. An objective for the tutors may be to increase motivation, sense of responsibility, self esteem, attitude toward school, or helpfulness to others. An aim for the tutees may be to increase achievement, motivation, self-esteem, attitude toward school, self-direction, or attentive-
Older Golfers: Serious Leisure and Successful Aging

Abstract This qualitative study investigates the premise that serious leisure supports successful aging (Rowe & Kahn, 1997). Older golfers were studied because golf is popular with older adults, and its characteristics suggest it has potential to contribute to successful aging and that it is well suited for serious leisure. In-depth interviews were used to assess subjects' (n = 19) seriousness about golf and its contribution to successful aging. Golfers (8 males, 11 females) ranged in age from 67 to 87 (x=77). Analysis revealed four types of golfers with varying degrees of seriousness (Stebbins, 1992) about golf. Core devotees viewed golf as a central focus of their lives. Moderate devotees emphasized their enjoyment of golf and all it involved. Social golfers viewed golf's primary role as providing a framework for meeting people and interacting with friends. Golf as therapy players felt golf helped them cope with physical and emotional challenges. Core devotees were more able to identify specific contributions of golf to successful aging. As the degree of seriousness about golf decreased, golf's contribution to successful aging also seemed to decrease. This suggests that serious leisure activities, particularly those with physical and cognitive requirements, contribute to successful aging.
Optimal Proof Burdens, Deterrence, and the Chilling of Desirable Behavior

The optimal stringency of the burden of proof is characterized in a model in which relaxing the proof burden enhances deterrence but also chills desirable behavior. The result are strikingly different from those in prior work that uses a simpler model in which individuals only choose whether to commit a harmful act (so only deterrence is at stake). Moreover, the qualitative differences between the optimal rule and the familiar preponderance of the evidence rule--and related rules that look to Bayesian posteriors--are great, much more so than revealed by prior work.
Personal exposure levels of PAHs in the general population in northern rural area of Jiangsu Province, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of compounds that are produced by incomplete combustion of organic matters. Studies in humans have shown associations between PAHs exposure and development of cancers. Urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are a class of PAH metabolites used as biomarkers for estimating human exposure to PAHs. We collected 332 urinary samples from a nonoccupational population in northern rural area of Jiangsu. Levels of 2-hydroxynathalene (2-OHN), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHF) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) were measured as biomarkers to assess body PAHs burdens. Three PAH metabolites were detected in more than 80% of urinary samples. After being adjusted with urinary creatinine concentration, the urinary concentrations were determined as 2-OHF > 1-OHP > 2-OHN in terms. The medians of 2-OHN, 2-OHF, 1-OHP for the general population were 1.74, 30.01, 25.24 μmoL/moL creatinine, respectively. The results demonstrated that nonoccupational populations in northern rural area of Jiangsu were exposed to extremely high PAHs. The urinary concentration (median and geometric mean) of 2-OHN,2-OHF,1-OHP in males (1.90, 0.37 ± 0.46; 34.90, 1.53 ± 0.41; 27.84, 1.52 ± 0.29 μmoL/moL creatinine, respectively) was slightly higher than in females (1.56, 0.32 ± 0.42; 29.60, 1.48 ± 0.40; 23.13, 1.49 ± 0.32 μmoL/moL creatinine, respectively). However, only 2-OHN was different significantly between males and females.
Bringing the night sky closer: discoveries in the data deluge

hroughout history, astronomers have been accustomed to data falling from the sky. But our relatively newfound ability to store the sky’s data in “clouds” offers us fascinating new ways to access, distribute, use, and analyze data, both in research and in education. Here we consider three interrelated questions: (1) What trends have we seen, and will soon see, in the growth of image and data collection from telescopes? (2) How might we address the growing challenge of finding the proverbial needle in the haystack of this data to facilitate scientific discovery? (3) What visualization and analytic opportunities does the future hold?
Transient photon beams

Recent advances on transient imaging and their applications have opened the necessity of forward models that allow precise generation and analysis of time-resolved light transport data. However, traditional steady-state rendering techniques are not suitable for computing transient light transport due to the aggravation of inherent Monte Carlo variance over time, specially problematic in participating media. We address this problem by presenting the first photon-based method for transient rendering of participating media that performs density estimations on time-resolved precomputed photon maps. We first introduce the transient integral form of the radiative transfer equation into the computer graphics community, including transient delays on the scattering events. Based on this formulation we leverage the high density and parameterized continuity provided by photon beams algorithms to present a new transient method that allows to significantly mitigate variance and efficiently render participating media effects in transient state.
3D Traction Forces in Cancer Cell Invasion

Cell invasion through a dense three-dimensional (3D) matrix is believed to depend on the ability of cells to generate traction forces. To quantify the role of cell tractions during invasion in 3D, we present a technique to measure the elastic strain energy stored in the matrix due to traction-induced deformations. The matrix deformations around a cell were measured by tracking the 3D positions of fluorescent beads tightly embedded in the matrix. The bead positions served as nodes for a finite element tessellation. From the strain in each element and the known matrix elasticity, we computed the local strain energy in the matrix surrounding the cell. We applied the technique to measure the strain energy of highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma and A-125 lung carcinoma cells in collagen gels. The results were compared to the strain energy generated by non-invasive MCF-7 breast and A-549 lung carcinoma cells. In all cases, cells locally contracted the matrix. Invasive breast and lung carcinoma cells showed a significantly higher contractility compared to non-invasive cells. Higher contractility, however, was not universally associated with higher invasiveness. For instance, non-invasive A-431 vulva carcinoma cells were the most contractile cells among all cell lines tested. As a universal feature, however, we found that invasive cells assumed an elongated spindle-like morphology as opposed to a more spherical shape of non-invasive cells. Accordingly, the distribution of strain energy density around invasive cells followed patterns of increased complexity and anisotropy. These results suggest that not so much the magnitude of traction generation but their directionality is important for cancer cell invasion.
Induced Tur?an problems: Largest Pm-free graphs with bounded degree

A graph is H-free if it has no induced subgraph isomorphic to H. Let F(D; H) be the family of H-free connected graphs with maximum degree at most D. Let ex∗(D; H) = max{|E(G)| : G ∈ F(D; H)}; this is finite only when H is a disjoint union of paths. In that case, ex∗(D; H) ∈ O(D2 ex∗(D; Pm)), where Pm is the longest path in H. For m ≥ 6, we determine ex∗(D; Pm) asymptotically (with m fixed), showing that ex∗(D; Pm) ∼ 1 2D for even m and ex∗(D; Pm) ∼ 18D for odd m. We also compute max{|V (G)| : G ∈ F(D; Pm)} when m is odd. Finally, we compute ex∗(D; P5) exactly for D ≥ 187: for example, it equals 2 27D + 7 18D + 12D when D ≡ 0 mod 3.
Transient dominance in a central African rain forest

The large-crowned emergent tree Microberlinia bisulcata dominates rain forest groves at Korup National Park, Cameroon, along with two codominants, Tetraberlinia bifoliolata and T. korupensis. M. bisulcata has a pronounced modal size frequency distribution around 110 cm stem diameter: its recruitment potential is very poor. It is a long-lived light-demanding species, one of many found in African forests. Tetraberlinia species lack modality, are more shade tolerant, and recruit better. All three species are ectomycorrhizal. M. bisulcata dominates grove basal area, even though it has similar numbers of trees (≥50 cm stem diameter) as each of the other two species. This situation presented a conundrum that prompted a long-term study of grove dynamics. Enumerations of two plots (82.5 and 56.25 ha) between 1990 and 2010 showed mortality and recruitment of M. bisulcata to be very low (both rates 0.2% per year) compared with Tetraberlinia (2.4% and 0.8% per year), and M. bisulcata grows twice as fast as the Tetraberlinia. Ordinations indicated that these three species determined community structure by their strong negative associations while other species showed almost none. Ranked species abundance curves fitted the Zipf-Mandelbrot model well and allowed “overdominance” of M. bisulcata to be estimated. Spatial analysis indicated strong repulsion by clusters of large (50 to <100 cm) and very large (≥100 cm) M. bisulcata of their own medium-sized (10 to <50 cm) trees and all sizes of Tetraberlinia. This was interpreted as competition by M. bisulcata increasing its dominance, but also inhibition of its own replacement potential. Stem coring showed a modal age of 200 years for M. bisulcata, but with large size variation (50–150 cm). Fifty-year model projections suggested little change in medium, decreases in large, and increases in very large trees of M. bisulcata, accompanied by overall decreases in medium and large trees of Tetraberlinia species. Realistically increasing very-large-tree mortality led to grove collapse without short-term replacement. M. bisulcata most likely depends on climatic events to rebuild its stands: the ratio of disturbance interval to median species' longevity is important. A new theory of transient dominance explains how M. bisulcata may be cycling in abundance over time and displaying nonequilibrium dynamics.
Toward a basic framework for webometrics

In this article, we define webometrics within the framework of informetric studies and bibliometrics, as belonging to library and information science, and as associated with cybermetrics as a generic subfield. We develop a consistent and detailed link typology and terminology and make explicit the distinction among different Web node levels when using the proposed conceptual framework. As a consequence, we propose a novel diagram notation to fully appreciate and investigate link structures between Web nodes in webometric analyses. We warn against taking the analogy between citation analyses and link analyses too far.
Fast Target Detection in Synthetic Aperture Sonar Imagery: A New Algorithm and Large-Scale Performance Analysis

In this paper, a new unsupervised algorithm for the detection of underwater targets in synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery is proposed. The method capitalizes on the high-quality SAS imagery whose high resolution permits many pixels on target. One particularly novel component of the method also detects sand ripples and estimates their orientation. The overall algorithm is made fast by employing a cascaded architecture and by exploiting integral-image representations. As a result, the approach makes near-real-time detection of proud targets in sonar data onboard an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) feasible. No training data are required because the proposed method is adaptively tailored to the environmental characteristics of the sensed data that are collected in situ. To validate and assess the performance of the proposed detection algorithm, a large-scale study of SAS images containing various mine-like targets is undertaken. The data were collected with the MUSCLE AUV during six large sea experiments, conducted between 2008 and 2012, in different geographical locations with diverse environmental conditions. The analysis examines detection performance as a function of target type, aspect, range, image quality, seabed environment, and geographical site. To our knowledge, this study-based on nearly 30 000 SAS images collectively covering approximately 160 km 2 of seabed, and involving over 1100 target detection opportunities-represents the most extensive such systematic, quantitative assessment of target detection performance with SAS data to date. The analysis reveals the variables that have the largest impact on target detection performance, namely, image quality and environmental conditions on the seafloor. Ways to exploit the results for adaptive AUV surveys using through-the-sensor data are also suggested.
Managing Human Resources

The issue of culture fit is explored through the use of a model that identifies the characteristics of the internal work culture of organizations in developing countries. The context of their sociocultural environment and the manner in which the cultural characteristics are likely to facilitate or hinder the effective use of the state-of-the-art human resource management practices and techniques are discussed. The problems and prospects associated with the uncritical adoption in developing countries of human resource management practices relating to work design, performance management, and reward systems are analyzed.
Cues and secrets: influences on children's event reports

Eighty-eight 6-year-olds and 88 10-year-olds took part, in pairs, in a contrived interaction with a «magician:» The children were interviewed 10 days and 10 weeks later in 1 of 4 conditions: no cues, context cues, relevant cues, and irrelevant cues. Older children recalled more accurate information than younger children, and both groups recalled more accurate information after the short than the long delay. Although relevant cues facilitated free recall, accuracy did not differ across cue conditions. Younger children were less likely to report an accident they had been asked to keep secret than were older children. Children's understanding of truth and lies did not predict errors in free recall or their reporting of the secret
Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Immune-Modulation

Extra-cellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer membrane structures enriched with proteins, nucleic acids, and other active molecules and have been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes over the past decade. Recently, evidence suggests EVs to play a more dichotomic role in the regulation of the immune system, whereby an immune response may be enhanced or supressed by EVs depending on their cell of origin and its functional state. EVs derived from antigen (Ag)-presenting cells for instance, have been involved in both innate and acquired (or adaptive) immune responses, as Ag carriers or presenters, or as vehicles for delivering active signaling molecules. On the other hand, tumor and stem cell derived EVs have been identified to exert an inhibitory effect on immune responses by carrying immuno-modulatory effectors, such as transcriptional factors, non-coding RNA (Species), and cytokines. In addition, stem cell-derived EVs have also been reported to impair dendritic cell maturation and to regulate the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of B cells. They have been shown to control natural killer cell activity and to suppress the innate immune response (IIR). Studies reporting the role of EVs on T lymphocyte modulation are controversial. Discrepancy in literature may be due to stem cell culture conditions, methods of EV purification, EV molecular content, and functional state of both parental and target cells. However, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs were shown to play a more suppressive role by shifting T cells from an activated to a T regulatory phenotype. In this review, we will discuss how stem cell-derived EVs may contribute toward the modulation of the immune response. Collectively, stem cell-derived EVs mainly exhibit an inhibitory effect on the immune system.
Variation in Cell Signaling Protein Expression May Introduce Sampling Bias in Primary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Although the expression of cell signaling proteins is used as prognostic and predictive biomarker, variability of protein levels within tumors is not well studied. We assessed intratumoral heterogeneity of protein expression within primary ovarian cancer. Full-length proteins were extracted from 88 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 13 primary high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas with 5–9 samples each. In addition, 14 samples of normal fallopian tube epithelium served as reference. Quantitative reverse phase protein arrays were used to analyze the expression of 36 cell signaling proteins including HER2, EGFR, PI3K/Akt, and angiogenic pathways as well as 15 activated (phosphorylated) proteins. We found considerable intratumoral heterogeneity in the expression of proteins with a mean coefficient of variation of 25% (range 17–53%). The extent of intratumoral heterogeneity differed between proteins (p<0.005). Interestingly, there were no significant differences in the extent of heterogeneity between phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins. In comparison, we assessed the variation of protein levels amongst tumors from different patients, which revealed a similar mean coefficient of variation of 21% (range 12–48%). Based on hierarchical clustering, samples from the same patient clustered more closely together compared to samples from different patients. However, a clear separation of tumor versus normal tissue by clustering was only achieved when mean expression values of all individual samples per tumor were analyzed. While differential expression of some proteins was detected independently of the sampling method used, the majority of proteins only demonstrated differential expression when mean expression values of multiple samples per tumor were analyzed. Our data indicate that assessment of established and novel cell signaling proteins as diagnostic or prognostic markers may require sampling of serous ovarian cancers at several distinct locations to avoid sampling bias.