Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality control and GMP synthesis of 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen-11 for detection of low- and high-grade prostate cancer

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) labeled with68Ga routinely used with higher sensibility and specificity than other radiotracers for detection of low and high grades of prostate cancer using positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography.68Ge/68Ga generators are generally used with automated modules for the syntheses of68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of the current study is to describe the procedures for labeling PSMA with radiotracers and their standard QC tests. The automated synthesis method for68Ga-PSMA-11 was taken and set of a quality control based on chromatographic and spectrometric methods used to determine radiochemical and radionuclide purity of the radiolabeled compound. Meanwhile, high-performance liquid chromatography and rainbow trail Lutheran camp are the best choices after stability tests for assessment of radiochemical purity at the optimized conditions. The clinical utility of the synthesized radiopharmaceuticals was ascertained by performing PET scans in human patients.
BIOACOUSTIC MODELING FOR SOUND SYNTHESIS: A CASE STUDY OF OD ONTOCETI CLICKS

This paper documents the design of a computer instrument that is based on a simplified bioacoustic model of odontoceti clicks. The components of the basic model are described, and its implementation is carried out by using simple filters. By imposing restrictions, this model has bee n converted to a real-time computer instrument. Related material and sound examples are available online at http://www.acoustics. hut.fi/~cerkut/catacea/.
Theoretical Investigation of Longitudinal Dispersion Fluctuations on All-Fiber Phase-Sensitive Parametric Optical Switch

A fiber-based all-optical switch accomplished by pump depletion in a single-pump phase sensitive (PS) amplifier is theoretically investigated using an inhomogeneous fiber model including the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) fluctuations. We find that the off-state (maximum pump depletion) of the PS all-optical switch is very sensitive to the ZDW fluctuations, whereas the on-state (minimum pump depletion) is more robust. Meanwhile, the nonreciprocal transmission characteristic of the PS all-optical switch induced by the ZDW fluctuations is investigated with the help of the proposed inhomogeneous fiber model. Our theoretical results are useful to optimize the experimental implementation of PS all-optical switch.
On the complexity of join predicates

We consider the complexity of join problems, focusing on equijoins, spatial-overlap joins, and set-containment joins. We use a graph pebbling model to characterize these joins combinatorially, by the length of their optimal pebbling strategies and computationally, by the complexity of discovering these strategies. Our results show that equijoins are the easiest of all joins, with optimal pebbling strategies that meet the lower bound over all join problems and that can be found in linear time. By contrast, spatial-overlap and set-containment joins are the hardest joins, with instances where optimal pebbling strategies reach the upper bound over all join problems and with the problem of discovering optimal pebbling strategies being NP-complete. For set-containment joins, we show that discovering the optimal pebbling is also MAX-SNP-Complete. As a consequence, we show that unless NP = P, there is a constant ∈o, such that this problem cannot be approximated within a factor of 1 + ∈&Ogr; in polynomial time. Our results shed some light on the difficulty the applied community has had in finding “good” algorithms for spatial-overlap and set-containment joins.
D2D power control based on supervised and unsupervised learning

With the coming of the era “Big Data”, Machine Learning (ML) is one of the most significant issues to draw people's attention. This paper is an attempt to conflate a machine learning technique with Device-to-device (D2D) communications. D2D communications underlying the cellular infrastructure are a technology that have been proposed recently as a promising solution to enhance cellular network capabilities. However, since the same resources are shared by both systems, interference is a major challenge. Therefore, interference management techniques such as power control (PC) are needed to control the interference. In this paper, we consider two PC algorithms based on ML algorithms, distributed Q-learning and CART Decision Tree. And then through comparing the two ML algorithms with traditional PC methods in terms of computational complexity, communication throughput and energy efficiency, we provide insight into the potential of fusion of machine learning and wireless communications.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in HIV: An insight into clinical implications and management

Although HIV infection can mimic the manifestations of various autoimmune disorders, the coexistence of HIV and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been rarely reported. The exact impact of HIV on SLE and vice versa is unclear. We report an HIV-seropositive female on highly active antiretroviral therapy presenting with features of SLE. Herein, an attempt has been made to discuss the various complex clinical and therapeutic implications along with the influence on disease course and prognosis.
Socioeconomic and Racial Patterns of Colorectal Cancer Screening among Medicare Enrollees in 2000 to 2005

Background: Lower rates of screening among minorities and low-income populations contribute to colorectal cancer health disparities. Therefore, we examined patterns of colorectal cancer screening and associations with race-ethnicity, education, and income over time. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey of noninstitutionalized colorectal cancer–free Medicare enrollees ages 65 to 80 years interviewed in 2000 (n = 8,355), 2003 (n = 7,922), and 2005 (n = 7,646). We examined rates of colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy use within 5 years (recent endoscopy), colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy use >5 years previously, or fecal occult blood test (FOBT) within 2 years. Results: Among those included in the analyses, there was a steady increase in recent endoscopy rates and decrease in FOBT use over the 6-year period among all racial, educational, and income groups. During each of the survey years, those less educated or in lower-income groups were less likely to undergo colorectal cancer screening in a dose-response fashion. In multinomial regression analyses that adjusted for factors including health insurance, there were no significant differences in recent endoscopy or FOBT rates between Blacks or Hispanics and Whites, but differences by education and income remained. Compared with those in higher-income group, lower-income enrollees had lower rates of screening, and differences by income were larger for enrollees residing in metropolitan areas. Conclusion: Among Medicare beneficiaries, there are persistent colorectal cancer screening disparities due to a complex combination of socioeconomic disadvantages from lower education and income, place of residence, and inadequate insurance. However, insurance alone does not eliminate socioeconomic differences in colorectal cancer screening. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2170–5)
The human auditory system: A timeline of development

This review traces the structural maturation of the human auditory system, and compares the timeline of anatomical development with cotemporaneous physiological and behavioral events. During the embryonic period, there is formation of basic structure at all levels of the system, i.e. the inner ear, the brainstem pathway, and the cortex. The second trimester is a time of rapid growth and development, and by the end of this period, the cochlea has acquired a very adult-like configuration. During the perinatal period, the brainstem reaches a mature state, and brainstem activity is reflected in behavioral responses to sound, including phonetic discrimination, and in evoked brainstem and early middle latency responses. The perinatal period is also the time of peak development of brainstem input to the cortex through the marginal layer, and of the long latency cortical potentials, the N2 and mismatch negativity. In early childhood, from the sixth post-natal month to age five, there is progressive maturation of the thalamic projections to the cortex and of the longer latency Pa and P1 evoked potentials. Later childhood, from six to twelve years, is the time of maturation of the superficial cortical layers and their intracortical connections, accompanied by appearance of the N1 potential and improved linguistic discriminative abilities. Some consideration is given to the potential negative effects of deafness-induced sound deprivation during the perinatal period and childhood.
Syntactical Negation Detection in Clinical Practice Guidelines

In clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) the medical information is stored in a narrative way. A large part of this information occurs in a negated form. The detection of negation in CPGs is an important task since it helps medical personnel to identify not occurring symptoms and diseases as well as treatment actions that should not be accomplished. We developed algorithms capable of Negation Detection in this kind of medical documents. According to our results, we are convinced that the involvement of syntactical methods can improve Negation Detection, not only in medical writings but also in arbitrary narrative texts.
Defeasible Reasoning in Web-Based Forms through Argumentation

The notion of forms as a way of organizing and presenting data has been used since the beginning of the World Wide Web. Web-based forms have evolved together with the development of new markup languages, in which it is possible to provide validation scripts as part of the form code to test whether the intended meaning of the form is correct. However, for the form designer, part of this intended meaning frequently involves other features which are not constraints by themselves, but rather attributes emerging from the form, which provide plausible conclusions in the context of incomplete and potentially inconsistent information. As the value of such attributes may change in presence of new knowledge, we call them defeasible attributes. In this paper, we propose extending traditional web-based forms to incorporate defeasible attributes as part of the knowledge that can be encoded by the form designer. The proposed extension allows the specification of scripts for reasoning about form fields using a defeasible knowledge base, expressed in terms of a Defeasible Logic Program.
Hippocampus and configural-relational information: A relationship confined to memory?

Cashdollar and colleagues (1) describe a powerful combination of behavioral and magnetoencephalography data from healthy participants and patients with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis to support a role for the hippocampus in the active maintenance of configural-relational (C-R) information. This study reveals the importance of hippocampal-dependent theta synchronization of temporal and occipital regions in humans to C-R working memory, and how such coordination may contribute to the integration of visual information represented throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the ventral visual processing stream. These findings, therefore, add to a growing body of literature arguing for an involvement of the hippocampus in both long- and short-term relational memory.
A dimensionality result for multiple homography matrices

It is shown that the set of all I-element collections of interdependent homography matrices describing homographies induced by I planes in the 3D scene between two views has dimension 4I + 7. This improves on an earlier result which gave an upper bound for the dimension in question, and solves a long-standing open problem. The significance of the present result lies in that it is critical to the identification of the full set of constraints to which collections of interdependent homography matrices are subject, which in turn is critical to the design of constrained optimisation techniques for estimating such collections from image data.
Congestion-Dependent Pricing and Forward Contracts for Complementary Segments of a Communication Network

Congestion-dependent pricing is a form of traffic management that ensures the efficient allocation of bandwidth between users and applications. As the unpredictability of congestion prices creates revenue uncertainty for network providers and cost uncertainty for users, it has been suggested that forward contracts could be used to manage these risks. We develop a novel game-theoretic model of a multiprovider communication network with two complementary segments and investigate whether forward contracts would be adopted by service providers. Service on the upstream segment is provided by a single Internet service provider (ISP) and priced dynamically to maximize profit, while several smaller ISPs sell connectivity on the downstream network segment, with the advance possibility of entering into forward contracts with their users for some of their capacity. We show that the equilibrium forward contracting volumes are necessarily asymmetric, with one downstream provider entering into fewer forward contracts than the other competitors, thus ensuring a high subsequent downstream price level. In practice, network providers will choose the extent of forward contracting strategically based not only on their risk tolerance, but also on the market structure in the interprovider network and their peers' actions.
State of 3 D Face Biometrics for Homeland Security Applications

Biometric access control focuses on measurable physiological or behavioral trait to automatically and accurately authenticate or verify the identity of that person. Biometric characteristics must ideally be distinctive to the individual, easily acquired/measurable and able to be compared or encoded for the security validation. The characteristic should change little over time (i.e. aging) and be difficult to change, circumvent, manipulate, or reproduce by other means. The mainstream biometric technologies use morphological feature recognition such as fingerprints, hand geometry, iris and retina feature scanning, and face recognition based on extracting characteristics of the face. Each of these except face recognition is either intrusive or fails in some cases (for example: fingerprint identification is not possible for about 10% of population with indistinct fingerprints). Current face recognition technologies use algorithms ranging from heuristics to artificial intelligence to locate facial features, such as the eye socket, cheekbones, and sides of the mouth, in two dimensional (2D) black/white or color space. However, even the most sophisticated algorithms in 2D domain have a high failure rate. There has been an emergence of 3D technologies to combat the shortcomings of biometrics based on 2D images. In this chapter we review the current state of the art in 2D and 3D face recognition/authentication followed by in depth description of 3D face biometrics being developed at PRISM (Arizona State University) for homeland security application. 1 The Need: Biometric Access Control Terrorist events of September 11, 2001 have brought about the realization that the United States needs stronger national security measures and protocols. The primary goal of access control systems is to restrict access to authorized personnel. The return on the investment provided is based on the benefits to personnel safey and offsetting other risks resulting from unlawful access, fraud, and theft. Access control applications include door access, time & attendance, keep-out during off-hours, and the control of sensitive and restricted access points. 1 Research Professor and Director of Research and Technology, The Decision Theater, MC 8409, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-8409. razdan@asu.edu, 2 Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Director PRISM, MC8609, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-8609. farin@asu.edu, 3 Graduate Research Assistant, PRISM, MC8609, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-8609. Myungsoo.bae@asu.edu 4 Graduate Research Assistant, PRISM, MC8609, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-8609. Mahesh.chaudhari@asu.edu
Personalized travel suggestions for tourism websites

The evolution of tourism websites is converging to a set of features and best practices that are becoming standard, in such a way that developing a template and later customizing it to a given tourist region is becoming feasible. A very important feature in this kind of site is showing the touristic suggestions of what the tourist can find in the destination, optimally personalized for him/her. One problem in deploying such functionality however is the lack of user experience data suited to perform data mining when a new site is launched. This paper proposes a solution, customizable to any touristic region, that harnesses the information available in Flickr, crossing it with a Point of Interest (POI) database and using Google Prediction API (Application Programming Interface) to generate personalized travel suggestions, based on the geographical itinerary the user defined with a trip planner tool.
Water consumption of Beta vulgaris L. cultivated in greenhouse under fertigation and types of foundation fertilization

The cultivation of table beet is being largely done in greenhouse. It is among 15 most cultivated crops in Brazil. The quantification of water consumption is relevant to meet water demand at different stages of crop development. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the daily water consumption of table beet cv. Early Wonder in greenhouse under fertigation and different types of fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of Federal University of Campina Grande. Treatments consisted of five doses of nitrogen applied by fertigation (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8g per pot) and three types of crop establishment fertilizat ion (earthworm humus; earthworm humus +NPK, and soil without fertilization as control), arranged in a 5 x 3 factor design with four repetitions. A digital hygrometer was used to measure temperature and relative humidity of the air. The reference evapotranspiration was estimated as recommended by Hargreaves and Samani. To meet the water requirement of crop, irrigation must be managed according to its developmental stage. The highest daily water consumption in these growing conditions was obtained in the third stage of development, at which the evapotranspiration of the crop exceeded the reference evapotranspiration. Fertilization with earthworm humus in greenhouse beet cultivation increased the efficiency of water use and can be used instead of chemical fertilization to meet the nutritional needs of the crop. The nitrogen dose of 2.8 g per pot, corresponding to 6.22 g of urea per plant, was the one that provided the highest water content in beet cultivation in greenhouse.
Automatic Singing Transcription Based on Encoder-decoder Recurrent Neural Networks with a Weakly-supervised Attention Mechanism

This paper describes neural singing transcription that estimates a sequence of musical notes directly from the audio signal of singing voice in an end-to-end manner without time-aligned training data. A conventional approach to singing transcription is to perform vocal F0 estimation followed by musical note estimation. The performance of this approach, however, is severely limited because the F0 estimation errors propagate to the note estimation step and rich acoustic information cannot be used. In addition, it is difficult and time-consuming to split continuous signals of singing voices into segments corresponding to musical notes for making precise time-aligned transcriptions. To solve these problems, we use an encoder-decoder model with an attention mechanism that can automatically learn an input-output alignment and mapping, even from non-aligned training data. The main challenge of our study is to estimate temporal categories (note values) in addition to instantaneous categories (pitches). We thus propose a novel loss function for the attention weights of time-aligned notes for semi-supervised alignment training. By gradually reducing the weight of the loss function, a better input-output alignment can be learned much more quickly. We showed that our method performed well for isolated singing voice in popular music.
Differential accumulation of vimentin fragments in preeclamptic placenta

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that is the result of abnormal placentation because of inadequate trophoblast invasion into spiral arteries that prevent normal blood flow to the placenta. We report the alteration in vimentin protein proteolysis in placenta of normotensive and preeclamptic women, which is known to have a role in many physiological functions other than its major function in the structural integrity of the cell. Placental proteome from normotensive (n = 25) and preeclamptic pregnancies (n = 25) showed eight differentially accumulated protein spots of vimentin (proteolytic fragments) by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Immunoblots of normotensive and preeclamptic placenta revealed a difference in proteolytic processing of vimentin. In particular, lower molecular weight vimentin fragments of 32 and 20 kDa were 3.3 and 2.6–fold (p < 0.0001) higher, respectively, in preeclampsia compared with normotensive placenta.
Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of Shaker potassium channel inactivation

The potassium channels encoded by the Drosophila Shaker gene activate and inactivate rapidly when the membrane potential becomes more positive. Site-directed mutagenesis and single-channel patch-clamp recording were used to explore the molecular transitions that underlie inactivation in Shaker potassium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. A region near the amino terminus with an important role in inactivation has now been identified. The results suggest a model where this region forms a cytoplasmic domain that interacts with the open channel to cause inactivation.
Perioperative outcomes among patients with end-stage renal disease following coronary artery bypass surgery in the USA.

BACKGROUND Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring chronic haemodialysis who undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) are at significant risk for perioperative mortality. However, the impact of changes in ESRD patient volume and characteristics over time on operative outcomes is unclear. METHODS Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (1988-03), we evaluated rates of CABG surgery with and without concurrent valve surgery among ESRD patients and outcomes including in-hospital mortality, and length of hospital stay. Multivariate regression models were used to account for patient characteristics and potential cofounders. RESULTS From 1988 to 2003, annual rates of CABG among ESRD patients doubled from 2.5 to 5 per 1000 patient-years. Concomitantly, patient case-mix changed to include patients with greater co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity (all P < 0.001). Nonetheless, among ESRD patients, in-hospital mortality rates declined nearly 6-fold from over 31% to 5.4% (versus 4.7% to 1.8% among non-ESRD), and the median length of in-hospital stay dropped in half from 25 to 13 days (versus 14 to 10 days among non-ESRD). CONCLUSIONS Since 1988, an increasing number of patients with ESRD have been receiving CABG in the USA. Despite increasing co-morbidities, operative mortality rates and length of in-hospital stay have declined substantially. Nonetheless, mortality rates remain almost 3-fold higher compared to non-ESRD patients indicating a need for ongoing improvement.