Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of human paralytic rabies

Furious rabies is a well-recognized clinical disorder in humans but the paralytic form is not as easily identified. The mechanisms responsible for the weakness and longer survival periods are not clear. Several hypotheses have been proposed, including rabies virus variants associated with a particular vector, location of wounds, incubation period, influence of prior rabies vaccination, and virus localization in the central nervous system (CNS). However, none of these have been substantiated. Regarding molecular analyses of rabies viruses isolated from both furious and paralytic rabies patients, only minor genetic variations with no specific patterns in glyco-(G), phospho-(P), and nucleoprotein (N) sequences have been identified and arginine 333 in G protein was present in all samples. Regional distribution of rabies virus antigen in rabies patients whose survival periods were 7 days or less and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the CNS indicated brainstem and spinal cord as predilection sites regardless of clinical presentations. There are clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological indications that peripheral nerve dysfunction is responsible for weakness in paralytic rabies whereas in furious rabies, even in the absence of clinical weakness, abundant denervation potentials with normal sensory nerve conduction studies and proximal motor latencies suggest anterior horn cell dysfunction. The lack of cellular immunity to rabies virus antigen accompanied by an absence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rabies neutralizing antibody in most paralytic rabies patients may argue against role of an immune response against rabies virus—positive axons. Aberrant immune responses to peripheral nerve antigen, in particular those mediated by one or more cellular-dependent mechanisms, may be involved as is supported by the absence of putative anti-ganglioside antibodies commonly found in immune-mediated peripheral nerve diseases. Longer survival period in paralytic rabies may possibly be related to currently unidentified mechanism(s) on neuronal gene expression, required for virus transcription/replication and for maintaining neuronal survival.
HER‐2 receptor expression, localization, and activation in colorectal cancer cell lines and human tumors

The HER‐2/neu oncogene encodes a 185 kD protein that is phosphorylated upon ligand binding to other HER/erbB members and regulates cell growth and differentiation. Given that HER‐2 receptor blockade can inhibit the growth of colon cancer cell lines and tumor xenografts, we investigated the frequency, localization and phosphorylation status of HER‐2 in colon cancer cell lines and in human tumors. Protein expression was analyzed in relation to mRNA levels, HER‐2 amplification, and clinicopathological variables. Colon cancer cell lines constitutively expressed HER‐2 proteins and none showed HER‐2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cell fractionation and immunoblotting showed HER‐2 in both the membrane and cytosolic compartments. Primary colorectal carcinomas (n = 96) and their metastases (n = 25) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Strong membrane HER‐2 staining was detected in 5 (5%) of primaries and in 3 (12%) metastases (p = 0.36). Membrane but not cytoplasmic localization was strongly associated with HER‐2 gene amplification (p = 0.007). Cytoplasmic HER‐2 staining was found in 61 (63.5%) of primary tumors and localization was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy that also showed plasma membrane HER‐2. Using real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR, HER‐2 mRNA was increased in tumors with membrane compared to cytoplasmic staining (r = 0.66, p = 0.001). Cytoplasmic HER‐2 was associated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.018), but not other clinicopathological variables. By immunoblotting, heterogeneity was seen in HER‐2 levels with downregulation in 4 of 7 tumors relative to normal epithelia that uniformly expressed HER‐2. Phosphorylated HER‐2 was detected in approximately 50% of tumors and in normal mucosa. In conclusion, HER‐2 is expressed constitutively in colon cancer cell lines and demonstrates relatively distinct localization patterns in human tumors. Strong membrane immunoreactivity is associated with high levels of HER‐2 mRNA and gene amplification whereas cytoplasmic HER‐2 is detected frequently and seems to be a marker of tumor differentiation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance comparison of AOMDV and POR Routing Protocols in MANETS

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) [1] is Mobile nodes that are communicated with each and every other hop using multi-hop wireless nodes. Each node acts as a router in network and no fixed infrastructure for mobile nodes and there is no base station of it, forwarding data packets for other nodes [2]. Without network infrastructure is known as ad hoc network is formed by mobile stations inside a restricted area which communicates without the need of access point [3]. An ad hoc network can be formed by mobile computers with wireless interfaces that are communicate among themselves without any help of infrastructure. In an ad hoc network the mobile nodes are access to serve both routers and hosts. Performance comparison of AOMDV and POR with ns-2 (version 2.34) simulations shows that throughput as POR packet delivery is better
Effect of Heat Transfer on Materials Selection for Bimaterial Electrothermal Actuators

Bimaterial electrothermal actuation is a commonly employed actuation method in microsystems. This paper focuses on optimal materials selection for bimaterial structures to maximize the thermomechanical response based on electrothermal heat-transfer analysis. Competition between different modes of heat transfer in electrothermally actuated cantilever bimaterial is analyzed for structures at the microscale (10 mum les L les1 mm) using a lumped heat-capacity formulation. The choice of materials has a strong influence on the functional effectiveness and the actuation frequency even though the electromechanical efficiency is inherently small (~10-5). Frequencies on the order of ~100 Hz to 15 kHz can be obtained for bimaterial structures at small scales by varying either the operating temperature range or the rate of heat dissipation. It is found that engineering alloys/metals perform better than other classes of materials for high-work high-frequency (~10 kHz) actuation within achievable temperature limits.
Effects of octreotide on liver regeneration and tumour growth in the regenerating liver

The ability of the liver to regenerate following resection is remarkable. However, there is evidence to suggest that tumour growth within the regenerating liver is significantly increased. As octreotide (a synthetic analogue of somatostatin) inhibits the growth and development of hepatic tumour in rats, we have investigated its effects on liver regeneration, liver blood flow, hepatic reticuloendothelial system activity and tumour growth in the rat following partial hepatectomy (PH). Octreotide significantly inhibited liver regeneration in the rat 1 and 2 weeks following PH when compared with controls (regeneration index: 1.0 and 1.14 cf. 1.14 and 1.4, respectively). There was no significant difference in hepatic arterial or portal venous blood flow following PH in control or octreotide‐treated rats. However, portal pressure was significantly reduced in octreotide‐treated rats. Hepatic reticuloendothelial system activity was significantly increased in octreotide‐treated rats compared with control animals 1 and 2 weeks after hepatectomy (uptake of radiolabelled technetium‐99m albumin colloid: 2.2 and 3.9 cf. 1.6 and 1.9). The growth of both HSN (fibrosarcoma) and K12‐Tr (colonic adenocarcinoma) cells in the regenerating liver was significantly decreased by octreotide treatment compared with controls (median percentage hepatic replacement: HSN control 71.3%, Octreotide 8.4%, K12‐Tr Control 38.3%, Octreotide 4.5%). The results of the present study demonstrate that octreotide inhibits both liver regeneration and tumour growth following PH, possibly via a similar mechanism.
The Global Contribution of Outdoor Air Pollution to the Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality and Hospital Admission for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the quantitative effects of outdoor air pollution, represented by 10 µg/m3 increment of PM10, on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China, United States and European Union through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Publications in English and Chinese from PubMed and EMBASE were selected. The Cochrane Review Handbook of Generic Inverse Variance was used to synthesize the pooled effects on incidence, prevalence, mortality and hospital admission. Results: Outdoor air pollution contributed to higher incidence and prevalence of COPD. Short-term exposure was associated with COPD mortality increased by 6%, 1% and 1% in the European Union, the United States and China, respectively (p < 0.05). Chronic PM exposure produced a 10% increase in mortality. In a short-term exposure to 10 µg/m3 PM10 increment COPD mortality was elevated by 1% in China (p < 0.05) and hospital admission enrollment was increased by 1% in China, 2% in United States and 1% in European Union (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Outdoor air pollution contributes to the increasing burdens of COPD.10 µg/m3 increase of PM10 produced significant condition of COPD death and exacerbation in China, United States and European Union. Controlling air pollution will have substantial benefit to COPD morbidity and mortality.
Muscle Pain Intensity and Pressure Pain Threshold Changes in Different Periods of Stroke Patients

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role of muscle pain in post-stroke pain syndromes. DesignThis cross-sectional–designed study enrolled 145 stroke patients at three different stroke duration periods (⩽3 mos, 3 mos to 1 yr, and >1 yr) receiving inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation programs in a regional teaching hospital. Three common muscle tender points (two at the upper trapezius and one at the brachioradialis) and two relative periosteum points of the healthy and hemiparetic sides were identified for evaluation. Spontaneous pain intensity measured with the verbally reported numerical rating scale and pressure pain threshold were assessed. Associations between variables were analyzed. ResultsAmong 145 subjects, 56 were women, and the mean ± SD age was 62.1 ± 13.2 yrs. The patients with stroke duration within 3 mos had the highest spontaneous muscle pain intensity and were most sensitive to pressure pain, with a prevalence of 48.3% of moderate to severe pain intensity (verbally reported numerical rating scale, 4–10) in the hemiparetic side. Spontaneous pain was more severe in the hemiparetic side than in the healthy side, but there were no obvious differences between the sides in the pressure pain threshold of the muscle or the periosteum. ConclusionsIn stroke patients, spontaneous muscle pain in the hemiparetic side is a common finding. Bilaterally symmetric changes of pressure pain threshold are probably caused by central sensitization mechanisms.
Fast algorithms for universal quantification in large databases

Universal quantification is not supported directly in most database systems despite the fact that it adds significant power to a system's query processing and inference capabilities, in particular for the analysis of many-to-many relationships and of set-valued attributes. One of the main reasons for this omission has been that universal quantification algorithms and their performance have not been explored for large databases. In this article, we describe and compare three known algorithms and one recently proposed algorithm for relational division, the algebra operator that embodies universal quantification. For each algorithm, we investigate the performance effects of explicit duplicate removal and referential integrity enforcement, variants for inputs larger than memory, and parallel execution strategies. Analytical and experimental performance comparisons illustrate the substantial differences among the algorithms. Moreover, comparisons demonstrate that the recently proposed division algorithm evaluates a universal quantification predicate over two relations as fast as hash (semi-) join evaluates an existential quantification predicate over the same relations. Thus, existential and universal quantification can be supported with equal efficiency by adding the recently proposed algorithm to a query evaluation system. A second result of our study is that universal quantification should be expressed directly in a database query language, because most query optimizers do not recognize the rather indirect formulations available in SQL as relational division and therefore produce very poor evaluation plans for many universal quantification queries.
Using Digital Classroom Management to Engage and Foster Collaboration Among Accounting Students

This research is motivated by the low involvement and participation of students in learning which is caused by the lack of attractive learning media used by lecturers. The increasing popularity of digital classroom management-based learning media motivated the research. This research aims to develop learning media based on digital classroom management (ClassDoJo). This research is categorized as research and development, namely research that aims to produce certain products and test their effectiveness. This research focuses on developing digital classroom management (ClassDojo)-based learning media for accounting teaching material development courses. This research uses the ADDIE development model popularized by Dick and Carey (1996) which consists of five important stages, namely analyze, design develop, implement, and evaluate. The result shows that the learning media is feasible to use in learning. Keywords: ClassDojo, learning media, digital classroom
Comparative Study of Succinylcholine with Different Doses of Rocuronium Bromide for Tracheal Intubation during General Anaesthesia

Background and objective: Tracheal intubation is one of the best methods of securing a patient airway. Though many non-depolarising muscle relaxants (NDMRs) like atracurium besylate, vecuronium bromide and mivacurium chloride were introduced, they however have not matched the timing and intubating conditions produced by succinylcholine. The new NDMR drug rocuronium bromide became the first competitor for succinylcholine as it produces excellent cardiovascular stabilityand is devoid of the adverse effects that are seen with succinylcholine. Hence, the present study was undertaken to compare the intubating conditions, hemodynamic changes and adverse effects of using injection succinylcholine 1 mg/kg with two doses of injection rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg body weight during general anaesthesia in adult patients. Methodology: The study population consisted of 90 patients aged between 18-60 years posted for various elective surgeries requiring general anaesthesia. Study population was randomly divided into 3 groups with 30 patients in each sub group. Group A received injection succinylcholine 1mg/kg body weight and intubation, group B received injection rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg body weight and group C received injection rocuronium bromide 1mg/kg body weight and intubation attempted at 60 seconds. Intubating conditions were assessed at 60 seconds based on the scale adopted by Toni Magorian et al. 1993. Results: It was found that succinylcholine 1mg/kg body weight and rocuronium bromide 1mg/kg body weight produced excellent intubating condition in 96.7% and 93.3% of the patients, respectively whereas rocuronium bromide 0.6mg/kg produced excellent intubating condition in only 50% of the patients and the difference was statistically significant. Rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg produced significant increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure from baseline as compared to succinylcholine 1mg/kg and rocuronium bromide 1 mg/kg, post induction. Conclusion: Thus, from the present study, it is clear that Rocuronium is a safe, haemodynamically stable and good alternative for succinylcholine for endotracheal intubation at 60 seconds and can be used for safe intubation, if there is no anticipation of difficult intubation.
The effectiveness and safety of lifestyle medicine and integrative therapies in inflammatory arthritis: an umbrella review using a hierarchical evidence gathering approach

Objective An umbrella review was conducted to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the evidence on lifestyle medicine and integrative therapies for inflammatory arthritis. Methods Five electronic databases were searched for umbrella reviews, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials on acupuncture, diet, exercise, herbal medicine, nutrient supplements, and mind–body therapies for rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and gout published from January 2012 to December 2022. The primary outcomes were functional status and quality of life. Quality assessment was performed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) tool, and the certainty of evidence for our primary outcomes was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach where possible. Results We included 52 reviews. Exercise was beneficial for functional status in both rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, with moderate certainty of evidence. Chinese herbal medicine in combination with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs may improve functional status in rheumatoid arthritis (very low certainty evidence). Acupuncture may improve functional status in rheumatoid arthritis and pain in both rheumatoid arthritis and gout; however, the evidence is of very low certainty. Evidence for other therapies was not clinically significant; however, it suggests possible benefits from quercetin and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Yoga may result in a moderate improvement in functional status when used as an adjunct to medication; however, the certainty of evidence is very low. Diet interventions offered inconsistent improvements to functional status in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and gout with low to very low certainty. Conclusion Exercise should be prescribed for people with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. More research is needed to confirm or refute evidence for Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture, yoga, and anti-inflammatory diets.
A self adaptive hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm for solving CEC 2013 real-parameter optimization problems

Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is one of the most recently introduced swarm intelligence based algorithm which foraging the behavior of honey bee colonies. In order to improve the convergence performance and searching speed of finding best solution, self adaptive hybrid ABC (SAHABC) is proposed in this paper. For evaluating the performance of standard ABC and proposed SAHABC algorithms, we implemented experiments on CEC 2013 real-parameter single objective optimization problems testbed. SAHABC algorithm demonstrated competitive performance on the optimization problems with the dimension size of 10, 30, and 50 respectively.
Sequence-Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

We introduce a novel sequence-based localization technique for wireless sensor networks. We show that the localization space can be divided into distinct regions that can each be uniquely identified by sequences that represent the ranking of distances from the reference nodes to that region. For n reference nodes in the localization space, combinatorially, O(n") sequences are possible, but we show that, due to geometric constraints, the actual number of feasible location sequences is much lower: only O(n 4). Using these location sequences, we develop a localization technique that is robust to random errors due to the multipath and shadowing effects of wireless channels. Through extensive systematic simulations and a representative set of real mote experiments, we show that our lightweight localization technique provides comparable or better accuracy than other state-of-the-art radio signal strength-based localization techniques over a range of wireless channel and node deployment conditions.
Two-Dimensional Test Data Compression for Scan-Based Deterministic BIST

In this paper a novel architecture for scan-based mixed mode BIST is presented. To reduce the storage requirements for the deterministic patterns it relies on a two-dimensional compression scheme, which combines the advantages of known vertical and horizontal compression techniques. To reduce both the number of patterns to be stored and the number of bits to be stored for each pattern, deterministic test cubes are encoded as seeds of an LFSR (horizontal compression), and the seeds are again compressed into seeds of a folding counter sequence (vertical compression). The proposed BIST architecture is fully compatible with standard scan design, simple and flexible, so that sharing between several logic cores is possible. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme requires less test data storage than previously published approaches providing the same flexibility and scan compatibility.
Differential Vasorelaxant Effects of Milrinone and Amrinone on Contractile Responses of Canine Coronary, Cerebral, and Renal Arteries

The vasorelaxant effects of milrinone and amrinone in canine coronary, cerebral, and renal arterial rings or strips contracted by either K+-depolarization, U46619 (a thromboxane mimetic), or prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were quantitated. Milrinone was more potent as a vasorelaxant in coronary arteries relative to cerebral or renal arteries regardless of the mode of contraction; amrinone was coronary selective with K+ contraction only. When comparing potency in arteries contracted by different agonists, milrinone was significantly more potent as a vasorelaxant in all three arteries contracted by either U46619 or PGF2α than in arteries contracted by K+ depolarization, whereas amrinone was only selective for U46619-induced contractions in cerebral arteries. This profile of activity for milrinone was similar to that of sodium nitrite and isoproterenol and dissimilar from the calcium entry blocking agents nimodipine and nifedipine. In conclusion, this study shows that coronary vascular selectivity exists for milrinone and amrinone. Moreover, the relaxant profiles of milrinone and amrinone, with different sources of vascular smooth muscle, are unlike those of calcium entry blocking agents and more similar to the profiles of agents that modulate cyclic nucleotide levels.