Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti‐interrupted sampling repeater jamming method for random pulse repetition interval and intra‐pulse frequency agile radar

Interrupted sampling repeater jamming can produce numerous active false targets with high fidelity, which is a significant challenge for coherent pulse radar. This poses a threat to the effectiveness of anti‐jamming technology, such as time‐frequency analysis and frequency agility for conventional constant pulse repetition interval (PRI) radar, which will render the radar inoperable to detect and track the actual target. A random PRI and intra‐pulse frequency agile radar waveform with low interception properties is proposed, which can effectively restrict the acquisition of radar waveform parameters by the jammer, destroy the coherence of jamming signals, and capture the range‐dimensional centroid feature of the echo. Accordingly, a jamming identification method based on the scale constrained Gaussian mixture model and an entity radar target energe recovery algorithm based on the neighbourhood weighted maximum entropy are proposed for target detection. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal.
Modeling Infant Object Perception as Program Induction

Infants expect physical objects to be rigid and persist through space and time and in spite of occlusion. Developmentists frequently attribute these expectations to a"core system"for object recognition. However, it is unclear if this move is necessary. If object representations emerge reliably from general inductive learning mechanisms exposed to small amounts of environment data, it could be that infants simply induce these assumptions very early. Here, we demonstrate that a domain general learning system, previously used to model concept learning and language learning, can also induce models of these distinctive"core"properties of objects after exposure to a small number of examples. Across eight micro-worlds inspired by experiments from the developmental literature, our model generates concepts that capture core object properties, including rigidity and object persistence. Our findings suggest infant object perception may rely on a general cognitive process that creates models to maximize the likelihood of observations
Sediment routing system response to tectonic activity in the Argentine Precordillera : Sierra Las Penas-Las Higueras

Alluvial fan deposition in the Argentine Central Precordillera is part of a sediment routing system that changes along strike of an active thrust front. This study area is partitioned into erosional and depositional sectors for analysis. The erosional sector drainage basins are analyzed using topographic data from a digital elevation model, to see how morphology changes with fault displacement. Drainage basins become shorter with more displacement. The depositional sector alluvial fans are classified using spectral characteristics from satellite imagery. The fans are classified based on thermal, near infrared, and elevation parameters. Fans close to the thrust front are interpreted to be old sheetflood deposits, with younger fans more distal from the front in the foreland. In this setting, progressive fault displacement causes shortening of the erosional sector, increasing the efficiency of sediment evacuation from the range, and causing a progradation of sheetflood fans into the foreland basin. Remote sensing analysis techniques are useful for characterizing the sediment routing system of alluvial systems where field-based information (geodetic, seismic, structural and lithologic data) is not available.
Examining Ethical Typologies of Agriculture and Natural Resources Leaders: A Q Study

This study sought to describe agriculture and natural resources (ANR) opinion leaders’ ethical orientations by illuminating how they determine what is right/wrong or good/bad when making decisions that impact the ANR industry. ANR leaders’ ethical perspectives impact decisions regarding complex critical issues and influence others’ behavior. We used Q methodology, and four typologies were revealed, including Principled, Industry-focused, Dutiful, and Multi-Hat Leaders. The methodological approach of Q methodology to identify common ethical perspectives among ANR leaders is unique. Leadership development practitioners and educators should encourage leaders to reflect on and be cognizant of their ethical beliefs, particularly when making high-stakes decisions with far-reaching implications and when representing others as industry leaders. Though each typology characterized was unique, they all relied on a combination of ethical perspectives to guide their decision making. This may be evidence of Kohlberg’s postconventional morality as leaders’ attempt to reconcile a multitude of perspectives while seeking solutions to complex problems. Ensuring ethical approaches to food and fiber production and consumption simultaneously with care for and preservation of natural resources begins with a clear understanding of leaders’ existing ethical perspectives.
A geodynamic model of the northern North Atlantic

The Arctic region plays an important role in the configuration of the present day global climate. In particular the Fram Strait area, presently the only deep-water gateway between the Arctic Ocean and the world ocean, accounts for the Arctic region climate. It is still speculative how and when this deep-water connection opened due to its tectonic and geologic evolution, and how strong this influenced northern ocean circulations. It is assumed that the change of the northern ocean circulations correlate with long-term climate changes. This study provides a compilation of a geodynamic model of the northern North Atlantic, which is continued to the Arctic Ocean, and investigates the tectonic and bathymetric development. Due to the movements of the Eurasia, Greenland, and North American plates, as well as sediment accumulation changes, the width and seafloor depth of the Fram Strait was significantly modified since its initial break-up. Geophysical data in the northern North Atlantic and in the Arctic Ocean, gathered by the Alfred Wegener Institute during the last years, make this study possible. The results present an advanced age model of the oceanic crust. A palaeobathymetric reconstruction results in a timing of the Fram Strait opening of 25 Ma for a shallow-water exchange. From 17 Ma on, a deep-water exchange between the northern North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean was possible. To link the results of the palaeobathymetric reconstruction to the global climate history, palaeoceanographic model scenarios are calculated for the present day bathymetric configuration and the palaeobathymetry of the Middle Miocene (15 Ma), the Early Miocene (20 Ma) and the Middle Eocene (45 Ma). The study shows the complex relationship between plate tectonics, the crustal development, sediment accumulations, bathymetric changes and changes in ocean circulation in the northern North Atlantic and in the Arctic Ocean and speculates on their link to global past long-term climate changes.
Assessing the impacts of climate change on runoff along a climatic gradient of Sweden using PERSiST

Climate change is a well-studied subject but large uncertainties still exist in future projections. These uncertainties are even larger on future runoff projections at catchment scales due to the differences in local landscape factors. Continuous assessments are therefore needed to improve our understanding and increase our preparedness for the future. One way forward is to assess the impact of climate change on runoff with the new hydrological model PERSiST. PERSiST was calibrated to four study catchments that spread out along a south-north climate gradient of Sweden. The model well simulated the stream discharges with Nash-Sutcliffe values ranging from 0.55 to 0.76. The model was then driven by downscaled and bias-corrected weather data (2061–2090) from an ensemble of 15 Regional Climate Models. The runoff projections showed that the impact of climate change on runoff would differ across the catchments. All catchments would see an increase in annual runoff with the greatest increase in the northernmost catchment. The northernmost catchment would also see a likely decline in spring flood, a shift in timing of the spring flood from May to April and an increase in winter runoff. As a result of an increase in winter runoff, there could be a loss of seasonality. In the more southern catchments the present-day runoff was more evenly distributed during the year and the projected loss of seasonality was not as pronounced. The conclusion was that the impact of climate change on runoff would increase northward, due to the higher response to climate change in the northernmost catchments.
Advanced Mesh Space Mapping Approach With Fast Coarse Mesh Models Comprising Sharpening Structural Processing and Mesh Deformation

Mesh space mapping (MSM) is widely recognized as a popular surrogate-based optimization approach for expediting electromagnetic (EM) design, particularly in cases where traditional equivalent circuit coarse models are not readily available for standard space mapping (SM). This article proposes an advanced MSM method incorporating fast coarse mesh models. A sharpening structural processing (SSP) technique is introduced for a fine model consisting of curved elements to generate a coarse model composed of entirely sharp-cutting structures. As a result, coarser meshes can be utilized in the coarse model, significantly reducing costly and time-consuming computations. Furthermore, optimization of the coarse mesh incorporates an improved mesh deformation technique, enabling continuous variation of the EM responses with respect to changing geometric dimensions. The synergistic combination of the SSP and mesh deformation techniques yields a considerably low-computational-cost coarse mesh model, accelerating the overall MSM optimization. Three examples of EM optimization of microwave components demonstrate the proposed method.
Strong winds in extratropical cyclones

This thesis was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and is presented in an alternative thesis format. The thesis consists of three separate journal articles which form a coherent research project.Paper 1 investigates the development of strong winds in a dry, idealised extratropical cyclone using the horizontal momentum equation. In particular, the southwest wind maximum that develops was found to contain air parcels from three airstreams. The development of the horizontal along-flow forces around the cyclone and along trajectories entering the southwest wind maximum were analysed. An attempt to extend this methodology to a moist, idealised extratropical cyclone was made. However, the effect of adding moisture to the initial condition was found to be negligible. The reasons for this are explored in Paper 2, which documents this finding: that the effect of moisture on the development of an idealised, baroclinic wave is sensitive to the choice of initial condition. Paper 3 applies the horizontal momentum equation diagnostics to an intense, marine extratropical cyclone that brought strong winds to Ireland and the United Kingdom on 12 February 2014. The development of strong winds in Cyclone Tini was investigated by turning off latent heat release and surface fluxes. In the absence of latent heat release a weaker wind maximum developed. However, the simulation without surface fluxes had a very similar vertical structure of the horizontal wind to the full-physics simulation, but a weaker surface wind maximum. The reason for this weaker wind maximum was analysed using the quasigeostrophic omega equation. This analysis demonstrated a maximum in forcing for descent southwest of the low both in the full-physics simulation and in the simulation without surface fluxes, however strong winds were prevented from reaching the surface in the simulation without surface fluxes because of a more stable boundary layer around the bent-back front.
Influence of Heterogeneous Human Body on Midfield Wireless Power Transfer for Implantable Heart Devices

Midfield wireless power transfer (WPT), using frequencies ranging from sub-GHz to 2 GHz, has recently been introduced as an efficient method to wirelessly transmit power to compact implanted devices. The operating frequency plays a vital role in enhancing the power transfer efficiency (PTE) of such WPT systems. However, the currently developed WPT transmitters and implantable receiver antennas have been designed to operate at frequencies determined by a mathematical equation based on a homogeneous model. Consequently, they are not specifically optimized to accommodate the diverse characteristics of the real human body. To address this issue, more than 30 multilayered tissue realistic models based on real CT images of humans were simulated to define the optimal frequency for real scenarios. The coupling parameter and a newly defined specific absorption rate (SAR) efficiency for each model were calculated by the formula derived from the theory of midfield WPT. The results were then compared with those obtained numerically from realistic body models and validated by experimental measurements using biological phantoms. The results showed that the optimal frequency of midfield WPT for implantable heart devices is significantly influenced by the tissue composition and thickness between the transmitter and the receiver.
Comparison of preservice teachers’ time allocation and performance evaluations while student teaching: An exploratory study

Student teachers’ experiences during their internship are crucial in their development as a teacher. In agricultural teacher education programs, it is common for student teachers to record where their time is allocated each week on categorized timesheets. The purpose of this study was to examine the preservice teachers' performance over the 14-week student teaching experience and how their performance was affected based on their weekly allocation of time. It was found that hours spent on observation had a small, positive effect on teacher professionalism and reflective and autonomous practitioner performance constructs. In addition, hours logged for direct student contact had a small positive effect on the reflective and autonomous practitioner construct. However, the measures of model fit suggest that these effects were trivial. Time allocations were excessive and sporadic. Therefore, discussion regarding the expectations of appropriate thresholds and distributions of time for student teachers and trainings on time management strategies should be conducted across the profession. Additionally, continued research should be conducted on student teachers’ time allocation and its effect on their performance.
Enhancing the Hydrolytic Activity of a Lipase towards Larger Triglycerides through Lid Domain Engineering

Lipases have valuable potential for industrial use, particularly those mostly active against water-insoluble substrates, such as triglycerides composed of long-carbon chain fatty acids. However, in most cases, engineered variants often need to be constructed to achieve optimal performance for such substrates. Protein engineering techniques have been reported as strategies for improving lipase characteristics by introducing specific mutations in the cap domain of esterases or in the lid domain of lipases or through lid domain swapping. Here, we improved the lipase activity of a lipase (WP_075743487.1, or LipMRD) retrieved from the Marine Metagenomics MarRef Database and assigned to the Actinoalloteichus genus. The improvement was achieved through site-directed mutagenesis and by substituting its lid domain (FRGTEITQIKDWLTDA) with that of Rhizopus delemar lipase (previously R. oryzae; UniProt accession number, I1BGQ3) (FRGTNSFRSAITDIVF). The results demonstrated that the redesigned mutants gain activity against bulkier triglycerides, such as glyceryl tridecanoate and tridodecanoate, olive oil, coconut oil, and palm oil. Residue W89 (LipMRD numbering) appears to be key to the increase in lipase activity, an increase that was also achieved with lid swapping. This study reinforces the importance of the lid domains and their amino acid compositions in determining the substrate specificity of lipases, but the generalization of the lid domain swapping between lipases or the introduction of specific mutations in the lid domain to improve lipase activity may require further investigation.
Gastric varices

Purpose of review Gastric varices are a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. There have been significantly advances within endoscopic ultrasound for treatment of gastric varices over the past 5 years in addition to the conventional endoscopic and endovascular therapies. In this review, we will review the latest literature on gastric varices with emphasis on changes to the conventional classification systems and comparisons among the different treatment options for gastric varices in terms of efficacy and safety. Recent findings There have been new guidelines proposed by the American Gastrointestinal Association on a simpler classification system compared to the conventional Sarin classification. In addition, endoscopic ultrasound guided coil embolization, a novel treatment pioneered over the past 5 years for gastric varices, has shown increased efficacy and reduced adverse event profile compared to cyanoacrylate glue, the more traditional therapy for gastric variceal bleeding. Options for endovascular therapy overall have not significantly changed over the recent years. Summary Based on our literature review, we recommend a step-up approach with initial medical and endoscopic management with consideration of endovascular therapies when initial therapies fail.
Comparative Study of Multi-Combination Models for Medium- and Long-Term Runoff Prediction in Weihe River

The characteristics of hydrological data include nonconsistency and nonlinearity. The prediction accuracy can be improved through the combination of both the decomposition algorithm and the runoff model. Previous studies have typically focused on the combination of a single decomposition algorithm and model. These studies have compared the prediction accuracy before and after decomposition, ignoring the role of multiple decomposition algorithms and models. Considering the limitations of previous single combinations of decomposition algorithms and models, this study will explore the unique features of hydrological data by using a combination of five algorithms, including Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), TIME series decomposition (TIME), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), and Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). The study constructed models for Prophet, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Multiple Regression (MLR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Thirty combined prediction models were then developed and used to forecast medium and long-term runoff at Xianyang Station. To comprehensively evaluate the forecasted runoff results, multiple evaluation metrics were used. The prediction accuracy improved after using EMD and TIME decomposition, but the difference was insignificant, and TIME decomposition was the least effective. VMD, EEMD, and SSA, on the other hand, yielded higher data quality. The combined model achieved an NSE above 0.70, demonstrating good prediction results. Of the thirty combined models, the SSA-SVR and SSA-LSTM models were most accurate, with a verification NSE of 0.90. This study developed a comprehensive, reliable, and accurate combination prediction model by employing multiple decomposition algorithms and models. These findings provide a framework for characteristics-driven watershed runoff prediction and water resources scheduling.
Inverse Rheological Hysteresis Model and its Efficient Parameter Identification Method

An inverse rheological hysteresis model is proposed in this article, and to avoid the problem of requiring too much experimental data for identifying this model, an efficient and practical parameter determination method is thus developed based on combining the genetic algorithm and the numerical method of producing the first-order reversal curves (FORCs). This inverse rheological hysteresis model and its related parameter identification method are subsequently applied to simulate the different kinds of hysteresis loops of soft magnetic materials, which are symmetrical loops and major loops embedded with the asymmetrical dc-biased minor loops. By comparing these predicted loops with those measured, the accuracy and practicability of the proposed hysteresis model and its identification method are verified, showing appealing features in the fields that need to simulate the hysteresis properties of soft magnetic materials accurately and fast under different kinds of excitations including the complex non-sinusoidal excitations.
A causal relationship between diabetes mellitus and depression

In today’s modern world depression has become a common stress factor among both men and women irrespective of age. But to be specific, it has been found that there is a strong relationship between diabetes and depression. The rate of this relationship seems to be higher and much literature suggests us the numbers could be increasing in the future. Depression in diabetes may arise due to some factors such as comorbidities, improper management of blood glucose level, patient’s financial status in managing the conditions can precipitate depression. Other physiological factors like the increased sympathetic nervous system, HPA-axis, and increased cortisol in the brain can contribute to the development of diabetes and depression. This comorbid condition of depression and diabetes decreases the quality of life. On the other hand, people with depression have a high incidence of developing diabetes. Depression has been a significant risk factor in developing diabetes, especially T2DM. Several neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter disorders are found along with depression and diabetes this closely relates and explains the relationship between the two conditions. Insulin resistance a specific risk factor was found to correlate depression and diabetes. Antidiabetic drug, thiazolidinedione was found to lessen the effect of both depressive disorder and insulin resistance in individuals experiencing diabetes and depression.
piaactools: A program for data analysis with PIAAC data

The OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) is currently the only international survey of adult skills. It provides rich data on skills, work and life situations, earnings, and attitudes. To ensure representativeness and high reliability, the study is based on a complex survey design and advanced statistical methods. To obtain correct results from publicly available microdata, one must use special methods that are often too advanced for less experienced researchers. In this article, we present piaactools—a package of three commands that facilitate analysis with PIAAC data. The command piaacdes calculates basic statistics, piaactab computes frequencies of adults at each proficiency level, and piaacreg allows for the use of several regression models with PIAAC data. Output is saved as HTML files that can be opened in most spreadsheets and as Stata matrices that can be further processed in Stata. We also explain how to use these commands and provide examples that can be easily modified for use with different models and variables.