Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Form priming by discontinuous consonant letter strings in visual masked priming

We report on a visual masked priming study that tests whether English verbs are primed by their consonant graphemes in isolation (e.g. whether grw primes GROW ) and whether priming for such prime-target pairs differs for regular versus irregular verbs (e.g. walk / ed vs. grow / grew , respectively). We hypothesized that constituent consonant strings would facilitate target recognition based on previous work exploring subset priming [5]. We further hypothesized that the added consistency of consonants over vowels in the morphological paradigms of irregular verbs would increase priming on the basis of related findings in the processing of Semitic languages (though such consonant strings may constitute morphemes in those languages; see [8]). We found that, while all verbs were primed by their constituent consonant strings, the size of the facilitation effect did not differ between regular and irregular verbs.
Identification of Gene Transcripts in Rat Frontal Cortex That Are Regulated by Repeated Electroconvulsive Seizure Treatment

Background/Aims: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment modality for severe psychiatric disorders. Many studies have suggested that the therapeutic efficacy of ECT can be attributed to the structural and functional readjustment of the brain cells, which is mediated by differential gene expression in the brain. The aim of this study is to understand the molecular mechanism of ECT. Methods: We used microarray-based gene expression profiling technology and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to screen differentially expressed genes in the brain in a rat model of ECT. Results: Four upregulated and three downregulated genes were identified in this study. The 4 upregulated genes are S100 protein, beta polypeptide (S100b), S100 calcium binding protein A13_predicted (S100a13_predicted), diazepam-binding inhibitor (Dbi), and YKT6 homolog (S. Cerevisiae) (Ykt6), respectively; while the 3 downregulated genes are basigin (Bsg), histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1(Hint 1), and neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated gene 8 (Nedd8), respectively. Conclusion: In view of the neurobiological function of these genes and their relevance to mental disorders, repeated ECS can affect gene expression involved in the neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, which may account for the clinical effects of ECT.
Variation in experimental instructions: Punishment in public goods games

We provide evidence that more explicit, and hence longer, instructions can affect behaviour in a public goods game with punishment. Instructions that highlight the positive externality associated with public goods contributions, provide more examples, and emphasize fundamental aspects of the decision setting are associated with higher contribution levels in games with punishment opportunities when compared to shorter, less explicit instructions. These changes are not found to impact behaviour in the simpler contribution game without punishment.
Transduction of dendritic cells by antigen-encoding lentiviral vectors permits antigen processing and MHC class I-dependent presentation.

BACKGROUND Because antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in the polarization of T cells, including T(H)2 cells involved in allergy, strategies to modify DCs genetically are required. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to transduce murine bone marrow-derived DCs with lentiviral vectors encoding antigen to demonstrate antigen processing and MHC class I-dependent presentation. METHODS Bone marrow leukocytes were incubated with antigen-encoding lentiviral constructs and cultured with GM-CSF, IL-4, and Flt-3 ligand. The capacity of the resulting DCs to express, process, and present antigen was tested in vitro. RESULTS An average of 40% of DCs expressed antigen after 1 week of culture when antigen encoded by the lentiviral vector construct was green fluorescent protein. To demonstrate that transduced antigen can be presented by DCs on MHC class I, we chose the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (gp) as a model antigen, inasmuch as it is recognized by CD8 T cells from transgenic mice expressing an MHC class I-restricted T-cell receptor specific for the epitope of positions 33 through 41 of gp. DCs transduced with lentiviral construct encoding gp and matured with LPS activated transgenic T cells in an antigen-specific fashion. Using transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP)-deficient mice, we show that presentation of the gp33-41 epitope is TAP-dependent, confirming processing of gp by the endogenous pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that CD8 T cells can recognize MHC class I epitopes processed from antigen in DCs transduced with lentiviral vectors. Lentiviral transduction of DCs and antigen presentation to CD8 T cells could be exploited for immunotherapy, because allergen-specific CD8 T cells have been shown to be suppressive in IgE-dependent allergy models.
Network throughput of TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay network with MIMO network coding in indoor environment

This paper develops the first prototype hardware for TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay network with MIMO network coding, and network throughput is measured in an indoor environment. Since conventional wireless multi-hop relay networks have a drawback of low data rate, TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay networks have been studied as a solution to realize high data rate recently. In these networks, forward and backward streams are spatially multiplexed by using interference cancellation techniques such as MIMO beamforming or MIMO network coding. In this paper, 3-nodes demonstrator of TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay network with MIMO network coding is implemented using the prototype hardwares. In the demonstrator, each transmitter and receiver performs network coded broadcast and MIMO multiple access respectively. By using the demonstrator, network throughput is measured in an indoor environment to prove the realization of the TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay network with MIMO network coding. From the results of the network throughput measurement, we can find that TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay network using MIMO network coding can achieve network throughput close to the upper bound even with low end-to-end SNR. From these results, the realization and effectiveness of the TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay network with MIMO network coding can be proved in the real indoor environment.
68Ga-DOTA-D Phe1-Tyr3-Octreotide (DOTATOC)-PET/CT in a Suspected Case of Recurrent Meningioma

We present a case of 45-year-old female who presented with headache for last 1 month. She was a follow-up case of left frontal meningioma that was operated 4 years back. CEMRI of the brain suggested post-surgical changes with no obvious enhancing residual/recurrent lesion. The patient was then referred for 68 Ga DOTANOC PET/CT to rule out recurrent disease. PET/CT revealed a focus of somatostatin receptor expressing lesion in the left frontal region at the post-operative site suggesting recurrent disease.
Enjoying Python, processing, and Java in CS1

Here we describe an introductory course in computer science where we combined Python, Processing, and core Java. The main reason for this structure was to make the initial contact with programming as gentle, enjoyable, and understandable as possible, while still having the power of graphics and sufficient Java knowledge for more advanced courses in computer science. This course was designed with a few informal pedagogical principles that facilitated the students' abilities to learn how to learn on their own. Informal results suggest that students may be interested in a greater diversity of programming assignments.
Space-Based GNSS Scatterometry: Ocean Wind Sensing Using an Empirically Calibrated Model

This paper presents a method and experimental results for near-surface wind sensing using reflected Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals received on a spacecraft. The estimation method proposed involves four steps. First, the bistatic radar cross section (BRCS) of the received signal is estimated from the measurements. Second, the BRCS measurements are calibrated to agree with existing theoretical and empirical wind-wave models. Next, a geometric optics-based scattering model is used to estimate the sea surface slopes, based on the reflection geometry and the measured BRCS. Finally, the surface winds are estimated using an empirically derived function relating the surface mean square slopes to near-surface wind speed. The accuracy of the proposed inversion technique is then tested using a set of 25 space-based GNSS reflection measurements over a range of wind speeds. These measurements were all taken in the proximity of ocean buoys which provided in situ ocean wind speed information. The wind estimates from the buoys were then compared with the wind retrievals made from the measurements and found to be accurate to a root-mean-square error of 1.84 m/s. Additionally, the potential error sources in the measurements are analyzed, including a simulation of the effects of wind direction on the BRCS measurements. This first demonstration of space-based GNSS scatterometry using a small set of sample measurements will hopefully provide a benchmark and example for future experiments.
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The paper deals with the problem of youth unemployment and entrepreneurship as a way out of unemployment. The battle against youth unemployment is a top European priority, since the youth unemployment rate is more than twice as high as the adult one, because the chances for a young unemployed person of finding a job are low, because their jobs tend to be less stable, because there are significant skills mismatches on the labor market. Entrepreneurship is a powerful driver of economic growth and job creation; it makes economies more competitive and innovative. The motivation for entrepreneurial career is different with different age cohorts. Youth represent a group with the highest entrepreneurial potential. In the empirical study, we analyze entrepreneurial tendencies among Slovene students of business schools and with factor analysis approach we try to define underlying entrepreneurial tendency dimensions as the literature suggests that entrepreneurial characteristics play an important role in influencing the individual’ decision to become entrepreneurs. We defined four such entrepreneurial tendency dimensions: need for independence and achievement, problem solving, planning, and dealing with uncertain situations. However, the need for independence and achievement and problem solving are the strongest drivers of entrepreneurial tendency. The results of the study can be of help to policymakers when updating labor market policy measures in connection with the educational policy.
New and accurate results on the performance of the Multitaper-based detector

In this paper an accurate analysis is provided for the Multitaper-based detector. We study the quadratic form representation of the Multitaper estimate (MTE), and we derive accurate expressions of the eigenvalues of the diagonalized representation of the quadratic form. It is found that in AWGN all the nonzero eigenvalues are identical, and the number of eigenvalues is identical to the number of the employed Slepian tapers. Using this information, closed forms are obtained for the probability of false alarm and the probability of detection. Furthermore, the case of propagation over fading channels is investigated and the corresponding eigenvalues are derived. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the obtained model. It is found that the performance of the Multitaper estimate is enhanced when the number of employed Slepian tapers is increased. In addition, at a given sensing threshold the conventional time-domain (TD) energy detector outperforms the MTE in terms of the probability of detection. However, the MTE outperforms the TD energy detector in terms of the probability of false alarm.
Advanced anomaly intrusion detection technique for host based system using system call patterns

Computer security has become a significant concern in numerous organizations. There are lots of ways to handle this concerns including anomaly Intrusion Detection System on the computer system. It takes the position as a detector for every intrusion that is happening from the computer system. Because of high false alarm rate host-based anomaly is bit problematic. This paper introduces an entirely unique method for deducing the call traces for the raw system and its result can be improved by using a true semantic interpretation. The best results are possible by making use of range of decision engines for evaluating the KDDCup99 and UNM datasets also ADFA Linux dataset.
In vitro attachment of oral microorganisms to solid surfaces: evaluation of a controlled flow method.

A flow cell method was modified to provide shear-controlled experimental conditions for monitoring initial attachment and detachment of oral microorganisms to solid surfaces. Whole unstimulated human saliva was collected and circulated at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, through a cell composed of two parallel test plates. Infrared-transparent plates of medium surface energy served as test substrata in these initial calibration experiments. The plates presented a similar distribution of polar forces and dispersion forces at the surface as that of human tooth enamel and some restorative dental materials. Internal reflection infrared spectroscopy verified the presence of deposited organic material. After saliva had been circulated through the flow cells for 15 min at 37 degrees C, sterilized distilled water was introduced at the same flow rate and time of exposure to remove unattached microorganisms. Morphologic characterizations and counts of adherent Gram-stainable microorganisms were performed using incident light microscopy. Three different surface zones corresponding to the inlet area, the middle area and the outlet area of the flow cell were analyzed, and compared with enumerations of microorganisms in the whole saliva samples. Numbers of attached microorganisms in the three zones followed predictions from the laminar flow conditions, with a positive correlation shown between total numbers of microorganisms in saliva and total numbers of microorganisms attached. Cocci and rods were the only morphotypes observed on the plates, and no significant difference could be detected between the percentage of cocci and rods attached in the three different zones. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Circulating interleukin‐6 levels are elevated in adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma patients and correlate with adverse clinical features and survival

We measured the circulating levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 in adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) patients using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The IL‐6 levels in 59 ATL patients (median 8.2 pg/ml; range < 1.0 to 185.7 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in 30 healthy controls (median < 1.0 pg/ml; range < 1.0 to 3.5 pg/ml) (P < 0.0001) or 32 human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐I (HTLV‐I) carriers (median 4.2 pg/ml; range < 1.0 to 13.3 pg/ml) (P = 0.002). Among the ATL patients, the IL‐6 levels in the acute‐ or lymphoma‐type patients were significantly higher than those in the chronic‐type patients (P < 0.0001). The IL‐6 levels were also higher in the patients with B symptoms than in those without B symptoms (P = 0.039), and were significantly correlated with increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P = 0.0004) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.0001) and decreased serum albumin (P = 0.0003) values. The patients with elevated IL‐6 levels had inferior overall survival periods compared to those with normal IL‐6 levels (P = 0.025). ATL is a single disease entity, although its clinical features are quite diverse; the increased production of cytokines may cause the diversity of clinical features. The results of our study indicate that IL‐6 is one such cytokine.
Exposure to IL-15 and IL-21 Enables Autoreactive CD8 T Cells To Respond to Weak Antigens and Cause Disease in a Mouse Model of Autoimmune Diabetes

Autoreactive CD8+ T lymphocytes play a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. It is not yet well understood how autoreactive CD8+ T cells, which express TCRs with low reactivity toward self-Ags, gain the ability to respond to autoantigens to cause disease. Previously, we have shown that prior stimulation of CD8+ T cells with synergistic combinations of cytokines produced by the innate immune response, such as IL-21 and IL-15, induces Ag-independent proliferation. Such “cytokine-primed” CD8 T cells displayed increased responsiveness to limiting quantities of the cognate Ag. In this paper, we report that prior stimulation with IL-15 and IL-21 also enables CD8+ T cells to respond to weakly agonistic TCR ligands, resulting in proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cytolytic activity. Using a transgenic mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, we show that cytokine-primed autoreactive CD8+ T cells induce disease following stimulation by weak TCR ligands, but their diabetogenic potential is dependent on continuous availability of IL-15 in vivo. These findings suggest that inflammatory cytokines could facilitate the triggering of autoreactive CD8+ T cells by weak autoantigens, and this mechanism may have important implications for autoimmune diseases associated with microbial infections and chronic inflammation.
The psychology of wound healing

Purpose of review Research into the effects of psychological factors on wound healing represents an ideal research model for psychoneuroimmunology, as both the impact on clinically relevant health outcomes and the underlying biological mechanisms can be examined. Mounting interest in this topic from biological scientists, psychologists, and medical specialists has resulted in new findings that are discussed in this review. Recent findings Known psychological influences on wound healing include stress as well as coping styles, positive affect, environmental enrichment, and social support. Research has highlighted the roles of oxytocin, vasopressin, epinephrine, cortisol, and leukocyte redistribution in wound healing. Clinical significance has been demonstrated by a growing number of studies in patient populations. Furthermore, pragmatic interventions with clinical samples have demonstrated clear benefits of psychological interventions on wound healing. Summary Recent studies add to growing evidence that psychology impacts wound repair, and highlight in particular the positive role of social support on modulating the negative effects of stress. The first few studies to demonstrate that psychological interventions can improve healing in clinical populations are exciting developments. New knowledge of psychobiological mechanisms provides opportunities to develop further interventions to improve health outcomes.
Essays on Modeling the Economic Impacts of a Foreign Animal Disease on the United States Agricultural Sector

Essays on Modeling the Economic Impacts of a Foreign Animal Disease on the United States Agricultural Sector. (December 2009) Amy DeAnn Hagerman, B.S., Oklahoma State University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Bruce A. McCarl Foreign animal disease can cause serious damage to the United States (US) agricultural sector and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), in particular, poses a serious threat. FMD causes death and reduced fecundity in infected animals, as well as significant economic consequences. FMD damages can likely be reduced through implementing pre-planned response strategies. Empirical studies have evaluated the economic consequences of alternative strategies, but typically employ simplified models. This dissertation seeks to improve US preparedness for avoiding and/or responding to an animal disease outbreak by addressing three issues related to strategy assessment in the context of FMD: integrated multi region economic and epidemic evaluation, inclusion of risk, and information uncertainty. An integrated economic/epidemic evaluation is done to examine the impact of various control strategies. This is done by combining a stochastic, spatial FMD simulation model with a national level, regionally disaggregated agricultural sector mathematical programming economic model. In the analysis, strategies are examined in the context of California's dairy industry. Alternative vaccination, disease detection and movement restriction strategies are considered as are trade restrictions. The results reported include epidemic impacts, national economic impacts, prices, regional producer impacts, and disease control costs under the alternative strategies. Results suggest that, including trade restrictions, the median national loss from the disease outbreak is as much as $17 billion
Single-Queue Decoding for Neural Machine Translation

Neural machine translation models rely on the beam search algorithm for decoding. In practice, we found that the quality of hypotheses in the search space is negatively affected owing to the fixed beam size. To mitigate this problem, we store all hypotheses in a single priority queue and use a universal score function for hypothesis selection. The proposed algorithm is more flexible as the discarded hypotheses can be revisited in a later step. We further design a penalty function to punish the hypotheses that tend to produce a final translation that is much longer or shorter than expected. Despite its simplicity, we show that the proposed decoding algorithm is able to select hypotheses with better qualities and improve the translation performance.
Magnetization transfer MRI in pancreatic cancer xenograft models

Magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging measurements were performed in three pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mouse xenograft models. For each of 28 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts, MT ratios (MTRs) were calculated and compared to histologic fibrosis levels from reference standard trichrome staining. MTR was found to be significantly higher in tumors grown using BxPC‐3 cell line (39.4 ± 5.1, mean ± SD) compared to the MTR for the tumors grown from Panc‐1 (32.4 ± 2.8) and Capan‐1 (27.3 ± 2.9) cell lines (P < 0.05 for each comparison). Histologic measurements showed a similar trend with BxPC‐3 tumors demonstrating significantly higher fibrosis levels (percentage of fibrotic tissue area, 6.48 ± 2.59) when compared to Panc‐1 (3.54 ± 2.18) and Capan‐1 (2.07 ± 1.60) tumors. MTR measurements were well correlated to quantitative fibrosis levels (r = 0.69, P = 0.01). Results indicated that MTR measurements offer the potential to serve as a valuable in vivo biomarker of desmoplasia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.