Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of water dangling OH bonds around dissolved nonpolar groups

We report the experimental observation of water dangling OH bonds in the hydration shells around dissolved nonpolar (hydrocarbon) groups. The results are obtained by combining vibrational (Raman) spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution (MCR), to reveal a high-frequency OH stretch peak arising from the hydration shell around nonpolar (hydrocarbon) solute groups. The frequency and width of the observed peak is similar to that of dangling OH bonds previously detected at macroscopic air–water and oil–water interfaces. The area of the observed peak is used to quantify the number of water dangling bonds around hydrocarbon chains of different length. Molecular dynamics simulation of the vibrational spectra of water molecules in the hydration shell around neopentane and benzene reveals high-frequency OH features that closely resemble the experimentally observed dangling OH vibrational bands around neopentyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol. The red-shift of ≈50 cm−1 induced by aromatic solutes is similar to that previously observed upon formation of a π-H bond (in low-temperature benzene–water clusters).
Efficient groupwise non-rigid registration of textured surfaces

Advances in 3D imaging have recently made 3D surface scanners, capable of capturing textured surfaces at video rate, affordable and common in computer vision. This is a relatively new source of data, the potential of which has not yet been fully exploited as the problem of non-rigid registration of surfaces is difficult. While registration based on shape alone has been an active research area for some time, the problem of registering surfaces based on texture information has not been addressed in a principled way. We propose a novel, efficient and reliable, fully automatic method for performing groupwise non-rigid registration of textured surfaces, such as those obtained with 3D scanners. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach on 3D scans of human faces, including the notoriously difficult case of inter-subject registration. We show how our method can be used to build high-quality 3D models of appearance fully automatically.
Macroscopic Analysis of Human Masseter Compartments Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The human masseter is divided into compartments by aponeuroses. So far, the qualitative and quantitative features of these compartments and their aponeuroses have been scarcely investigated. This study investigated the three-dimensional compartmentalization of the masseter muscle and tested the hypothesis that aponeurosis content varies systematically across different masseter subportions as well as between genders. The right masseter of 14 healthy participants was scanned by magnetic resonance, and the outlines of muscle and aponeuroses were segmented and rendered in three dimensions by AMIRA software. The internal architecture of the masseter muscle varied markedly across individuals, with respect to the number, shape and location of the compartments delimited by aponeuroses. Aponeuroses were widely represented inside the masseter, amounting to 7.1 ± 2.1% of its volume. The aponeurosis content varied systematically across masseter subvolumes and did not differ between genders after adjusting for body height and weight.
Advances in Wireless Sensor Networks: The 8th China Conference, CWSN 2014, Xi'an, China, October 31--November 2, 2014. Revised Selected Papers

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th China Conference of Wireless Sensor Networks, held in Xi'an, China, in October/November 2014. The 64 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 365 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on power control and management; network architecture and deployment; positioning and location-based services in wireless sensor networks; security and privacy; wireless communication systems and protocols; routing algorithm and transport protocols in wireless sensor networks; wireless communication protocols and sensor data quality, integrity and trustworthiness; Internet of Things; wireless mobile network architecture, in-vehicle network; indoor positioning and location-based services; applications of wireless sensor networks.
Application of cardiac electrophysiology simulations to pro-arrhythmic safety testing

Concerns over cardiac side effects are the largest single cause of compound attrition during pharmaceutical drug development. For a number of years, biophysically detailed mathematical models of cardiac electrical activity have been used to explore how a compound, interfering with specific ion‐channel function, may explain effects at the cell‐, tissue‐ and organ‐scales. With the advent of high‐throughput screening of multiple ion channels in the wet‐lab, and improvements in computational modelling of their effects on cardiac cell activity, more reliable prediction of pro‐arrhythmic risk is becoming possible at the earliest stages of drug development. In this paper, we review the current use of biophysically detailed mathematical models of cardiac myocyte electrical activity in drug safety testing, and suggest future directions to employ the full potential of this approach.
Effective glycaemic control critically determines insulin cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in anaesthetized dogs.

AIMS Experimental evidence has shown significant cardioprotective effects of insulin, whereas clinical trials produced mixed results without valid explanations. This study was designed to examine the effect of hyperglycaemia on insulin cardioprotective action in a preclinical large animal model of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R). METHODS AND RESULTS Anaesthetized dogs were subjected to MI/R (30 min/4 h) and randomized to normal plasma insulin/euglycaemia (NI/NG), normal-insulin/hyperglycaemia (NI/HG), high-insulin/euglycaemia (HI/NG), and high-insulin/hyperglycaemia (HI/HG) achieved by controlled glucose/insulin infusion. Endogenous insulin production was abolished by peripancreatic vessel ligation. Compared with the control animals (NI/NG), hyperglycaemia (NI/HG) significantly aggravated MI/R injury. Insulin elevation at clamped euglycaemia (HI/NG) protected against MI/R injury as evidenced by reduced infarct size, decreased necrosis and apoptosis, and alleviated inflammatory and oxidative stress (leucocyte infiltration, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde levels). However, these cardioprotective effects of insulin were markedly blunted in hyperglycaemic animals (HI/HG). In vitro mechanistic study in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes revealed that insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt was significantly attenuated by high glucose, accompanied by markedly increased IRS-1 O-GlcNAc glycosylation following hypoxia/reoxygenation. Inhibition of hexosamine biosynthesis with 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine abrogated high glucose-induced O-GlcNAc modification and inactivation of IRS-1/Akt as well as cell injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results, derived from a canine model of MI/R, demonstrate that hyperglycaemia blunts insulin protection against MI/R injury via hyperglycaemia-induced glycosylation and subsequent inactivation of insulin-signalling proteins. Our findings suggest that prevention of hyperglycaemia is critical for achieving maximal insulin cardioprotection for the ischaemic/reperfused hearts.
Singing-Voice Separation from Monaural Recordings using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks

Monaural source separation is important for many real world applications. It is challenging since only single channel information is available. In this paper, we explore us-ing deep recurrent neural networks for singing voice separation from monaural recordings in a supervised setting. Deep recurrent neural networks with different temporal connections are explored. We propose jointly optimizing the networks for multiple source signals by including the separation step as a nonlinear operation in the last layer. Different discriminative training objectives are further explored to enhance the source to interference ratio. Our proposed system achieves the state-of-the-art performance, 2.30 ∼ 2.48 dB GNSDR gain and 4.32 ∼ 5.42 dB GSIR gain compared to previous models, on the MIR-1K dataset.
RGB-D camera Based Navigation for the Visually Impaired

We present a wearable RGB-D camera based navigation system for the visually impaired. The navigation system is expected to enable the visually impaired to extend the ran ge of their activities compared to that provided by conventional aid devices, such as white cane. Since this design is a succes sor version of a previous stereo camera based system to overcome a limitation of stereo vision based systems, algorithmic str ucture of the system is maintained. In order to extract orientational information of the blind users, we incorporate visual odometry and feature based metric-topological (Simultaneous Local ization And Mapping) SLAM into our system. We build a vicinity map based on dense 3D data obtained from RGB-D camera, and perform path planning to provide the visually impaired with 3D traversability on the map. The 3D traversability analysis helps subjects steer away from obstacles in the path. A vesttype interface consisting of four microvibration motors delivers queues for real-time navigation with obstacle avoidance. Our syst em operates at12− 15Hz, and helps the visually impaired improve the mobility performance in a cluttered environment. The results show that navigation performance in indoor environments wi th the proposed lightweight and affordable RGB-D camera improves compared to a stereo-vision based system.
Advanced DSP for 400 Gb/s and Beyond Optical Networks

This paper presents a systematic review of several digital signal processing (DSP)-enabled technologies recently proposed and demonstrated for high spectral efficiency (SE) 400 Gb/s-class and beyond optical networks. These include 1) a newly proposed SE-adaptable optical modulation technology-time-domain hybrid quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 2) two advanced transmitter side digital spectral shaping technologies-Nyquist signaling (for spectrally-efficient multiplexing) and digital pre-equalization (for improving tolerance toward channel narrowing effects), and 3) a newly proposed training-assisted two-stage carrier phase recovery algorithm that is designed to address the detrimental cyclic phase slipping problem with minimal training overhead. Additionally, this paper presents a novel DSP-based method for mitigation of equalizer-enhanced phase noise impairments. It is shown that performance degradation caused by the interaction between the long-memory chromatic dispersion compensating filter/equalizer and local oscillator laser phase noise can be effectively mitigated by replacing the commonly used fast single-tap phase-rotation-based equalizer (for typical carrier phase recovery) with a fast multi-tap linear equalizer. Finally, brief reviews of two high-SE 400 Gb/s-class WDM transmission experiments employing these advanced DSP algorithms are presented.
Education and Economic Growth in Nepal: An ARDL Approach

Education increases the quality and the quantity of human capital stock. The endogenous growth theory emphasizes the role of education in the economic growth. This study investigates the relationship between education and economic growth in Nepal using time series data from 1986 to 2022 in ARDL model. This study considers GDP growth as the dependent variable and growth in gross fixed capital formation, change in total population of ages 15 to 64, growth in government expenditure on education, school enrollment in secondary level, school enrollment in tertiary level and inflation rate as independent variables. The results show the existence of a long-run relationship between gross fixed capital formation and GDP positively and significantly. The government expenditure on education, school enrollment in secondary level, and inflation have insignificant and negative relation with GDP growth. Total population and school enrollment in tertiary level have positive and insignificant relation with GDP growth. In short run, total population have dynamic effects in Nepalese economy. This study suggests that there should be more studies considering other proxies to support the unavoidable evidence of education as the backbone of any economy.
Antimicrobial Effect of Copper Nanoparticles on Relevant Supragingival Oral Bacteria

Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) show promise in dentistry for combating bacterial dysbiosis and tooth decay. Understanding their effects on commensal versus pathogenic bacteria is vital for maintaining oral health balance. While Cu NPs demonstrate antibacterial properties against various oral bacteria, including common pathogens associated with tooth decay, their impact on commensal bacteria requires careful examination. In our work, we analyzed three types of Cu NPs for their effects on the growth, viability, and biofilm formation of representative caries-associated and commensal oral bacteria. S. sanguinis showed high tolerance to all Cu NPs, while L. rhamnosus was highly sensitive. Oxide-Cu NPs exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on pathobionts compared with commensal bacteria. Moreover, the biofilm formation of the key cariogenic bacteria S. mutans was reduced, with minimal negative effects on commensal species’ biofilm formation. All our results showed that CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) exhibit reduced toxicity toward commensal bacteria growth and development but have a strong impact on pathogens. This suggests their potential for targeted treatments against pathogenic bacteria, which could help in maintaining the balance of the oral bacterial community.
Identification and Analysis of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase in Aedes sollicitans (Diptera: Culicidae)

ABSTRACT An NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) gene was identified in Aedes sollicitans Walker (Diptera: Culicidae). The open reading frame is 2,040 bp long, encoding a 679-residue polypeptide. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that the Ae. sollicitans CPR carries conserved ligand-binding domains and belongs to the same phylogenetic group as CPRs in other mosquitoes. The cDNA of the CPR gene was cloned, and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. Cytochrome c reductase activity was detected in the bacterial cytosolic and membrane fractions and in larval microsomes from two New Jersey Ae. sollicitans populations, indicating that the Ae. sollicitans CPR is enzymatically functional and closely related to that in other dipterans.
Afluentes Concurrent I/O Made Easy with Lazy Evaluation

I/O intensive systems can significantly reduce their total execution time by performing these operations concurrently. Despite this enormous potential, most systems perform I/O operations sequentially. One of the reasons behind this is that the most widespread mechanisms for concurrent I/O are callback-based, resulting in code hard to write and maintain. In this context, we propose Afluentes, a Java framework that allows asynchronous functions to be composed just as easily as synchronous ones, facilitating the development of concurrent I/O intensive systems. We performed an experimental evaluation whose results showed that Afluentes leads to significant performance gains over sequential I/O. Compared to callback-based approaches, Afluentes provides similar increases in performance, but with less programming effort.
A Putative Polyketide Synthase/Peptide Synthetase from Magnaporthe grisea Signals Pathogen Attack to Resistant Ricew⃞

Isolates of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea that carry the gene encoding Avirulence Conferring Enzyme1 (ACE1) are specifically recognized by rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars carrying the resistance gene Pi33. This recognition enables resistant plants to activate a defense response. ACE1 was isolated by map-based cloning and encodes a putative hybrid between a polyketide synthase and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, enzymes involved in microbial secondary metabolism. ACE1 is expressed exclusively during fungal penetration of host leaves, the time point at which plant defense reactions are triggered. Ace1 appears to be localized in the cytoplasm of the appressorium. Mutation of the putative catalytic site of the β-ketoacyl synthase domain of Ace1 abolishes recognition of the fungus by resistant rice. This suggests that Ace1 biosynthetic activity is required for avirulence. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fungal signal recognized by resistant rice plants is the secondary metabolite whose synthesis depends on Ace1.
Multiculturalism and Learning Style

This text synthesizes the research on the learning style characteristics of five culturally diverse groups: Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, and European Americans. Although each of these groups has distinguishing features and differs from other groups on some of the 22 elements that constitute learning style, there are broad within-group variations that preclude generalizations. Dunn and Griggs identify a multidimensional model of learning style, describe a comprehensive assessment instrument for identifying an individual's learning style, and provide a variety of educational interventions that accommodate diverse learning style preferences.
Prevalence of atopic eczema in the community: the Lothian atopic dermatitis study

Summary An epidemiological study of atopic eczema (AE), based on a semirural community in Scotland, using sound diagnostic criteria, has yielded prevalence data for all age groups including infants and adults. The overall 1‐year period prevalence, age‐standardized to the Scottish population, was 2.3%. The 1‐year period prevalence was highest in the under 2s(9.8%), and showed a continuous reduction with increasing age. Over the age of 40, AE was found to be relatively rare, with a 1‐year period prevalence of 0.2%. Adults over 16 years made up 38% of all patients with AE.
Ozonation characteristics of bisphenol a in water

Abstract Ozonation characteristics of bisphenol A were investigated as a function of gaseous ozone dose, initial concentration of bisphenol A, pH, radical scavenger (tert‐butanol), and radical initiator (hydrogen peroxide). The ozonation led to a complete removal of bisphenol A in water within a certain period of time. The overall rate of the ozonation linearly increased with the ozone dose. The stoichiometry in the ozonation of bisphenol A was found to be 1.5 ‐ 1.8 mole of ozone per mole of bisphenol A. The direct reaction rate constants were 1.3 × 104 M‐1s‐1 for bisphenol A (at pH = 2) and 1.6 × 109 M‐1s‐1 for dissociated bisphenol A (at pH = 12). Bisphenol A degraded via the direct reaction with molecular ozone in the pH range from 2 to 12. Degradation by OH radical was minor even at pH = 12. The overall degradation rate in heterogeneous conditions was independent of pH as it was limited by ozone mass transfer rate. Use of hydrogen peroxide did not alter the main degradation route and the molecular ozone remained a principal oxidant as a substantial portion of the OH radical is scavenged by hydrogen peroxide. Effective ozone mass transfer may appear essential to enhance the ozonation kinetics of bisphenol A.
H.264/AVC REAL-TIME VIDEO STREAMING IN MANETS

This paper presents an approach for deriving the streaming of multimedia based data such as video, audio. Packet loss and high delay in MANETs is because of high mobility, limited bandwidth, and congestion. The routing protocols have failed in reducing packet loss and delay while streaming multimedia data at the network layer. All the routing protocolsmay detect congestion after congestion has happened in the networks. This type of mechanism results in longer End-to-end delay and high packet loss. Especially, video streaming is one of the most successful services demanded by the customers. In video streaming transmission congestion is more probable. Here we present a solution for enhanced video transmission that increases route stability by using an improved route discovery process based on the AOMDV routing protocol, along with congestion control method. We also present a tuning methodology for an H.264/AVC video codec in order to obtain optimal interaction with the underlying mechanisms proposed . The simulation results show that our approach will reduce the packet loss rate and end-to-end delay while reducing protocol routing overhead.
Enrofloxacin Rapid Detection in Aquatic Foods: Based on DNA Aptamer Sensor

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is widely used as a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic for disease control in aquatic animals. ENR aptamers were screened in this study using the magnetic bead-SELEX method, and a graphene oxide fluorescent sensor was developed to detect the ENR residues in aquatic products. Firstly, ENR was conjugated to amino magnetic beads by amidation reaction, and then the aptamer sequences showing high affinity to ENR were screened step by step by using the SELEX screening method. Finally, after 10 rounds of SELEX screening, six candidate aptamers with high affinity were obtained. Among these, ENR-Apt 6 was selected based on its secondary structure features, high affinity (Kd = 35.08 nM), and high specificity to ENR. Furthermore, a fluorescent sensor was prepared using graphene oxide and ENR-Apt 6. The results showed that the linear range of the sensor could reach 600 nM (R2 = 0.986), while its optimal linear range was 1–400 nM (R2 = 0.991), with the lowest detection limit of 14.72 nM. The prepared sensor was successfully used for the detection of ENR in real samples, with a recovery range of 83.676–114.992% and a relative standard deviation < 10% for most of the samples.
Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural intervention by mental health nurses in schizophrenia

Turkington et al ([2006][1]) report on outcomes of an effectiveness trial of brief cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) by mental health nurses in schizophrenia. Unfortunately there are flaws in the methodology, which casts major doubts on the validity of the study ([Quitkin et al , 2000][2]).