Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AIDR: Aggregation of BGP routing table with AS path stretch

As Internet growth, more and more prefix fragments are announced into the global routing system due to operational reasons of inconsecutive address allocation, multihoming, and traffic engineering. The BGP routing table size in Default Free Zone (DFZ) fast growth will consume more memory space and computational capacity. It has been known that Internet will face with routing scalability issue, especially in the large address space (e.g., IPv6) deployment. In this paper, we propose an innovation to BGP, named Aggregation-aware Inter-Domain Routing (AIDR). It will take the prefix aggregation into account to make tradeoff in the best route selection. We evaluate the effect of AIDR on global routing system using the BGP traces from RouteViews and RIPE. It shows that, averagely, AIDR-based aggregation can reduce to roughly 15%∼35% of original routing table size under the 2.0 AS path stretch constraint, and to 25%∼40% with no AS path stretch.
UV curable pressure‐sensitive adhesives for fabricating semiconductors. I. Development of easily peelable dicing tapes

In order to develop easily peelable dicing tapes from diced wafers, UV curing of various pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) was studied. After UV irradiation, the adhesive strength of a PSA composition including a diacrylourethane oligomer (UDA) decreased drastically compared with other compositions. Because of network formation via UV irradiation, this composition had a greater volume contraction that might yield microvoids at the interface between the adhesive and the wafer, resulting in the loose adhesion. Its storage modulus increased up to about 1000 times that before UV curing, which was due to the crosslinking of the UDA component. It was suggested that the increased crosslinking density and the high internal coagulant energy of the UDA backbone structure caused a remarkable decrease of the adhesive strength. Furthermore, it was ascertained that the UV-irradiated UDA adhesives left few residual deposits on the wafer released from the tape. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 436–441, 2003
Phononic plate waves

In the past two decades, phononic crystals (PCs) which consist of periodically arranged media have attracted considerable interest because of the existence of complete frequency band gaps and maneuverable band structures. Recently, Lamb waves in thin plates with PC structures have started to receive increasing attention for their potential applications in filters, resonators, and waveguides. This paper presents a review of recent works related to phononic plate waves which have recently been published by the authors and coworkers. Theoretical and experimental studies of Lamb waves in 2-D PC plate structures are covered. On the theoretical side, analyses of Lamb waves in 2-D PC plates using the plane wave expansion (PWE) method, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and finite-element (FE) method are addressed. These methods were applied to study the complete band gaps of Lamb waves, characteristics of the propagating and localized wave modes, and behavior of anomalous refraction, called negative refraction, in the PC plates. The theoretical analyses demonstrated the effects of PC-based negative refraction, lens, waveguides, and resonant cavities. We also discuss the influences of geometrical parameters on the guiding and resonance efficiency and on the frequencies of waveguide and cavity modes. On the experimental side, the design and fabrication of a silicon-based Lamb wave resonator which utilizes PC plates as reflective gratings to form the resonant cavity are discussed. The measured results showed significant improvement of the insertion losses and quality factors of the resonators when the PCs were applied.
A Parallel Methodology for Reduction of Coupling in Distributed Business-to-business E-commerce Transactions

Recently, new standards for business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce transactions, to reduce extended record locking, relaxed standard database transaction properties. In this paper, we provide a parallel methodology employing a mobile/intelligent agent framework to alleviate extended record locking, while adhering to standard database transaction properties. Our methodology provides a minimum 30% reduction of record locking compared to new B2B standards.
Systematic and Scalable Testing of Concurrent Programs

The challenge this thesis addresses is to speed up the development of concurrent programs by increasing the efficiency with which concurrent programs can be tested and consequently evolved. The goal of this thesis is to generate methods and tools that help software engineers increase confidence in the correct operation of their programs. To achieve this goal, this thesis advocates testing of concurrent software using a systematic approach capable of enumerating possible executions of a concurrent program. The practicality of the systematic testing approach is demonstrated by presenting a novel software infrastructure that repeatedly executes a program test, controlling the order in which concurrent events happen so that different behaviors can be explored across different test executions. By doing so, systematic testing circumvents the limitations of traditional ad-hoc testing, which relies on chance to discover concurrency errors. However, the idea of systematic testing alone does not quite solve the problem of concurrent software testing. The combinatorial nature of the number of ways in which concurrent events of a program can execute causes an explosion of the number of possible interleavings of these events, a problem referred to as state space explosion. To address the state space explosion problem, this thesis studies techniques for quantifying the extent of state space explosion and explores several directions for mitigating state space explosion: parallel state space exploration, restricted runtime scheduling, and abstraction reduction. In the course of its research exploration, this thesis pushes the practical limits of systematic testing by orders of magnitude, scaling systematic testing to real-world programs of unprecedented complexity.
Diversity analysis of space-time coding in cascaded Rayleigh fading channels

Cascaded Rayleigh distribution is used to model multipath fading in mobile-to-mobile communication scenarios and provides a better fit to experimental data in such scenarios compared to the conventional Rayleigh channel model. In this letter, we derive an exact expression for the pairwise error probability (PEP) of space-time trellis codes over the cascaded Rayleigh fading channel, which is in the form of a simple single finite-range integral. Through the derived PEP expression, we present the maximum diversity order achievable over such channels and demonstrate the performance degradation in comparison to conventional Rayleigh channels. Monte-Carlo simulations are further demonstrated to confirm the analytical results
Multi-level error-resilient neural networks

The problem of neural network association is to retrieve a previously memorized pattern from its noisy version using a network of neurons. An ideal neural network should include three components simultaneously: a learning algorithm, a large pattern retrieval capacity and resilience against noise. Prior works in this area usually improve one or two aspects at the cost of the third. Our work takes a step forward in closing this gap. More specifically, we show that by forcing natural constraints on the set of learning patterns, we can drastically improve the retrieval capacity of our neural network. Moreover, we devise a learning algorithm whose role is to learn those patterns satisfying the above mentioned constraints. Finally we show that our neural network can cope with a fair amount of noise.
A key recovery attack on the 802.11b wired equivalent privacy protocol (WEP)

In this paper, we present a practical key recovery attack on WEP, the link-layer security protocol for 802.11b wireless networks. The attack is based on a partial key exposure vulnerability in the RC4 stream cipher discovered by Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir. This paper describes how to apply this flaw to breaking WEP, our implementation of the attack, and optimizations that can be used to reduce the number of packets required for the attack. We conclude that the 802.11b WEP standard is completely insecure, and we provide recommendations on how this vulnerability could be mitigated and repaired.
OIL PRICE SHOCKS, INVENTORIES, AND MACROECONOMIC DYNAMICS

This paper investigates the time delay in the transmission of oil price shocks using disaggregated manufacturing data on inventories and sales. VAR estimates indicate that industry-level inventories and sales respond faster to an oil price shock than aggregate gross domestic product, especially in industries that are energy-intensive. In response to an unexpected oil price increase, sales drop and inventories are accumulated. This leads to future reductions in production. We estimate a modified linear–quadratic inventory model to inquire whether the patterns observed in the VAR impulse responses are consistent with rational behavior by the firms. Estimation results suggest that three mechanisms play a role in the industry-level dynamics. First, oil prices act as a negative demand shock. Second, the shock catches manufacturers by surprise, resulting in higher-than-anticipated inventories. Third, because of their desire to smooth production, manufacturers deviate from the target level of inventories and spread the decline in production over various quarters; hence the delay in the response of aggregate output.
Evaluating the Usability of Domain-Specific Languages

We can regard Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) as User Interfaces (UIs) because they bridge the gap between the domain experts and the computation platforms. Usability of DSLs by domain experts is a key factor for their successful adoption. The few reports supporting improvement claims are persuasive, but mostly anecdotal. Systematic literature reviews show that evidences on the effects of the introduction of DSLs are actually very scarce. In particular, the evaluation of usability is often skipped, relaxed, or at least omitted from papers reporting the development of DSLs. The few exceptions mostly take place at the end of the development process, when fixing problems is already too expensive. A systematic approach, based on techniques for the experimental evaluation of UIs, should be used to assess suitability of new DSLs. This chapter presents a general experimental evaluation model, tailored for DSLs' experimental evaluation, and instantiates it in several DSL's evaluation examples.
Privacy Preserving Using Randomization and Encryption Methods

The technology of data mining is used in extraction of useful knowledge from large data sets. The process of data collection and data dissemination may, however, result in an inherent risk of privacy threats. Before publishing or sharing private information about individuals, businesses and organizations have to be suppressed. Privacy-preserving data mining has thus become an important issue in current years. This paper has review of evolutionary privacy- preserving data mining technology to find appropriate method to perform secure transactions into a database.
Ant Search Strategies For Planning Optimization

In this paper a planning framework based on Ant Colony Optimization techniques is presented. It is well known that finding optimal solutions to planning problems is a very hard computational problem. Stochastic methods do not guarantee either optimality or completeness, but it has been proved that in many applications they are able to find very good, often optimal, solutions. We propose several approaches based both on backward and forward search over the state space, using several heuristics and testing different pheromone models in order to solve sequential optimization planning problems.
Crawling the Hidden Web

Current-day crawlers retrieve content only from the publicly indexable Web, i.e., the set of Web pages reachable purely by following hypertext links, ignoring search forms and pages that require authorization or prior registration. In particular, they ignore the tremendous amount of high quality content “hidden” behind search forms, in large searchable electronic databases. In this paper, we address the problem of designing a crawler capable of extracting content from this hidden Web. We introduce a generic operational model of a hidden Web crawler and describe how this model is realized in HiWE (Hidden Web Exposer), a prototype crawler built at Stanford. We introduce a new Layout-based Information Extraction Technique (LITE) and demonstrate its use in automatically extracting semantic information from search forms and response pages. We also present results from experiments conducted to test and validate our techniques.
Designing Educationally Effective Algorithm Visualizations

Abstract Despite the intuitively compelling adage ‘a picture is worth a thousand words’, a attempts over the past decade to use animations to explain algorithms to students have produced disappointing results. In most cases, interesting algorithm animations were designed, but no formal, systematic evaluations were conducted. When such evaluations were performed the results were mixed, with compelling evidence for the instructional superiority of algorithm animations failing to emerge. It is in this context that we embarked on a research program to develop educationally effective algorithm visualizations. This program was based on the premise that animations needed to be embedded in a knowledge and context providing hypermedia environment in order to effectively harness their power to enhance learning. This paper describes the architecture of the resulting Hypermedia Algorithm Visualization system (HalVis). Four empirical studies with HalVis are described, which demonstrated that the extent of learning exhibited by students who used HalVis was significantly greater than that of students who used means of traditional instruction or a typical algorithm animation.
Evaluating the impact of technical indicators on stock forecasting

The application of time series analysis and forecasting to stock markets is particularly relevant to Technical Analysis, which uses historical values to obtain indicators that highlight possible trends in stock prices. In practice, most of these indicators are evaluated graphically and their direct impact on the quality of stock price forecasting has not been appraised so far. Therefore, the impact of different technical indicators on the prediction of stock closing prices was evaluated in this paper. Under the machine learning perspective, each technical indicator was used as input for artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptrons) trained to forecast the daily stock closing prices of five companies with high representation in the Brazilian IBovespa index. The results have led to two main conclusions: (i) lagging technical indicators such as the Exponential Moving Average and Weighted Moving Average, when used as isolated inputs of the neural networks, can improve the accuracy of the stock forecast when compared to forecasts made with the original series of closing prices; and (ii) the combination of different indicators as inputs to the same neural network can improve even more the forecasting performance. These results may contribute to the development of more robust forecasting techniques for stock prices in the future.
Comparing First Graders’ Attitudes and Preferences Toward a Peer Using an iPad®-Based Speech-Generating Device and a Non-Electronic AAC System

Abstract This study compared first graders’ attitudes toward a peer who used an iPad®-based speech-generating device (SGD) versus a non-electronic AAC system, as well as preferences regarding the systems. In all, 115 first graders were randomly assigned to view a video of a peer using either the SGD or the non-electronic system. Participants then completed the Assessment of Attitudes Toward Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AATAAC) and answered preference questions about the systems. Results showed that attitudes toward the peer did not vary significantly as a function of the type of AAC system the peer used. Girls tended to have more positive attitudes than boys toward the peer who used AAC. A majority of participants preferred the SGD for their peer’s and for their own use.
A Robust Tool for Newborn Infant Cry Analysis

In this paper, a new robust adaptive tool for new born infant cry analysis is proposed, characterised by high tracking capability, well suited for the signals under study. It performs F noise and resonance frequencies tracking, on signal frames of varying length (even few ms), adaptively tailored to varying signal characteristics. Moreover, voiced/unvoiced separation is implemented, allowing disregarding unvoiced parts of the signal where misleading results could be obtained. Plots of F and its harmonics, noise tracking, spectrogram with resonance frequencies superimposed, are presented in a coloured-scale. Some added statistics allow further understanding and comparison of results. The new software tool is completely automatic, working with any sampling frequency and F and also with strongly corrupted signals, and does not need any manual setting of whatever option to be made by the user, thus being easily usable also by non-experts. Some examples are reported, concerning both healthy and pathological new-born infant cries
A case study of C source code verification: the Schorr-Waite algorithm

We describe an experiment of formal verification of C source code, using the CADUCEUS tool. We performed a full formal proof of the classical Schorr-Waite graph-marking algorithm, which has already been used several times as a case study for formal reasoning on pointer programs. Our study is original with respect to previous experiments for several reasons. First, we use a general-purpose tool for C programs: we start from a real source code written in C, specified using an annotation language for arbitrary C programs. Second, we use several theorem provers as back-ends, both automatic and interactive. Third, we indeed formally establish more properties of the algorithm than previous works, in particular a formal proof of termination is made.
Using MCD-DVS For Dynamic Thermal Management Performance Improvement

With chip temperature being a major hurdle in microprocessor design, techniques to recover the performance loss due to thermal emergency mechanisms are crucial in order to sustain performance growth. Many techniques for power reduction in the past and some on thermal management more recently have contributed to alleviate this problem. Probably the most important thermal control technique is dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVS) which allows for almost cubic reduction in power with worst-case performance penalty only linear. So far, DVS techniques for temperature control have been studied at the chip level. Finer grain DVS is feasible if a globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous (GALS) design style is employed. GALS, also known as multiple-clock domain (MCD), allows for an independent voltage and frequency control for each one of the clock domains that are part of the chip. There are several studies on DVS for GALS that aim to improve energy and power efficiency but not temperature. This paper proposes and analyses the usage of DVS at the domain level to control temperature in a clustered MCD microarchitecture with the goal of improving the performance of applications that do not meet the thermal constraints imposed by the designers
Design of left-handed metamaterials using hexagonal split ring resonator at S-band frequencies

This paper proposes a new structure for left handed metamaterials by using hexagonal split ring resonators (HGSRR) and thin wires (TW) at S-band. The effect of geometrical parameters like split width, number of splits of HGSRR on magnetic resonance frequency behaviour is investigated. It is observed that there is an increase in the resonant frequency of SRR by increasing the number of splits. The left handed behaviour of composite structure (HGSRR+TW) is also verified with graphical simulated results and by numerical retrieval of parameters.
Higher Randomness Notions and Their Lowness Properties

We study randomness notions given by higher recursion theory, establishing the relationships Π1-randomness ⊂ Π1-Martin-Lof randomness ⊂ ∆1randomness = ∆1-Martin-Lof randomness. We characterize the set of reals that are low for ∆1 randomness as precisely those that are ∆ 1 1 -traceable. We prove that there is a perfect set of such reals.
Wolves Recolonizing Islands: Genetic Consequences and Implications for Conservation and Management

After a long and deliberate persecution, the grey wolf (Canis lupus) is slowly recolonizing its former areas in Europe, and the genetic consequences of this process are of particular interest. Wolves, though present in mainland Estonia for a long time, have only recently started to recolonize the country’s two largest islands, Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. The main objective of this study was to analyse wolf population structure and processes in Estonia, with particular attention to the recolonization of islands. Fifteen microsatellite loci were genotyped for 185 individuals across Estonia. As a methodological novelty, all putative wolf-dog hybrids were identified and removed (n = 17) from the dataset beforehand to avoid interference of dog alleles in wolf population analysis. After the preliminary filtering, our final dataset comprised of 168 “pure” wolves. We recommend using hybrid-removal step as a standard precautionary procedure not only for wolf population studies, but also for other taxa prone to hybridization. STRUCTURE indicated four genetic groups in Estonia. Spatially explicit DResD analysis identified two areas, one of them on Saaremaa island and the other in southwestern Estonia, where neighbouring individuals were genetically more similar than expected from an isolation-by-distance null model. Three blending areas and two contrasting transition zones were identified in central Estonia, where the sampled individuals exhibited strong local differentiation over relatively short distance. Wolves on the largest Estonian islands are part of human-wildlife conflict due to livestock depredation. Negative public attitude, especially on Saaremaa where sheep herding is widespread, poses a significant threat for island wolves. To maintain the long-term viability of the wolf population on Estonian islands, not only wolf hunting quota should be targeted with extreme care, but effective measures should be applied to avoid inbreeding and minimize conflicts with local communities and stakeholders.