Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A putative antipruritic mechanism of the phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitor E6005 by attenuating capsaicin‐induced depolarization of C‐fibre nerves

E6005, a potent, selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor, has been developed as a novel topical agent of atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been shown to inhibit itching in patients with AD as well in mouse models. To study the mechanism underlying the anti‐pruritic effect of E6005, we examined its effect on the activation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons associated with the itch sensation. Depolarization of DRG neurons by a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV 1) activator, capsaicin was attenuated by E6005 as well as by a 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) elevator, forskolin. E6005 elevated intracellular levels of cAMP in DRG cells. Taken together, these results suggest that E6005 suppresses TRPV1‐mediated C‐fibre depolarization through elevation of cAMP levels, thereby exerting an anti‐pruritic effect. Thus, E6005 shows the potential to be a new agent for managing pruritus in various skin disorders, including AD.
#Bigbirds Never Die: Understanding Social Dynamics of Emergent Hashtags

We examine the growth, survival, and context of 256 novel hashtags during the 2012 U.S. presidential debates. Our analysis reveals the trajectories of hashtag use fall into two distinct classes: "winners" that emerge more quickly and are sustained for longer periods of time than other "also-rans" hashtags. We propose a "conversational vibrancy" framework to capture dynamics of hashtags based on their topicality, interactivity, diversity, and prominence. Statistical analyses of the growth and persistence of hashtags reveal novel relationships between features of this framework and the relative success of hashtags. Specifically, retweets always contribute to faster hashtag adoption, replies extend the life of "winners" while having no effect on "also-rans. " This is the first study on the lifecycle of hashtag adoption and use in response to purely exogenous shocks. We draw on theories of uses and gratification, organizational ecology, and language evolution to discuss these findings and their implications for understanding social influence and collective action in social media more generally.
Using quantified epistemic logic as a modeling tool in cognitive neuropsychology

The classic modus operandi for model construction in cognitive neuropsychology (CN) is by use of box-and-arrow diagrams1 to capture the functional architecture of the mental information-processing system under consideration. In such diagrams, of which Figure 1 is an example, boxes represent particular components of the system and arrows represent pathways of information flow. Along with a suitable interpretation, box-and-arrow diagrams represent typical CN theories, consisting of statements regarding what specific modules are included in the system as well as statements regarding how information may flow between these components. Recently, it has been argued that this methodology should be augmented by the use of computational models, allowing for the realization of CN theories in the form of executable computer programs, structurally isomorphic to the box-and-arrow version the theory, [3, p. 166]:
Void formation in Cu-Sn Solid-Liquid Interdiffusion (SLID) bonding

Solid-Liquid Interdiffusion (SLID) bonding is based on intermetallics, enabling a thermal stability at temperatures far surpassing the bonding temperature. The Cu-Sn SLID process is performed at a temperature above the melting point of Sn, creating Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with much higher melting points. A final bondline structure of Cu / Cu3Sn / Cu ensures high-temperature stability. Voids can appear at different locations in aIMCs SLID bond: Along the original bond interface, in the Cu / Cu3Sn interface, or scattered within the Cu3Sn layer. Whereas a certain amount of voids is tolerated, an excessive amount challenges mechanical strength, hermeticity and reliability. In this work we perform wafer-level Cu-Sn bonding, patterned as bond frames on a large number of chips, with equal processing conditions for the whole wafer pair. The bondline thickness is of the order of 10 μm. The bonded wafers are singulated to chips, and selected chip pairs are cross-sectioned by Ar ion milling. The observed void area per unit length of cross-sectioned bond is measured through an image processing procedure. We observe a clear correlation that the amount of voids increases with increasing Cu3Sn thickness. The class of voids that is subject to this relation is the voids scattered within the Cu3Sn layer (Kirkendall voids). The same trend is found both for bonds performed at our own laboratory, at our industry partner, and for data extracted from literature. This paper contributes to understanding void formation in SLID bonds. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of strict process control in a wafer-bonding process.
Diversity and Development: Critical Contexts that Shape Our Lives and Relationships

1. Traditional Models of Development: Appreciating Context and Relationship (Dongxiao Qin, Ph.D. and Dana L. Comstock, Ph.D.). 2. Relational-Cultural Theory: A Framework for Relational Development Across the Lifespan (Dana L. Comstock Ph.D. and Dongxiao Qin, Ph.D.). 3. Critical Thinking: Challenging Developmental Myths, Stigmas and Stereotypes (Maureen Walker, Ph.D.). 4. Identity Development and the Convergence of Race, Ethnicity, and Gener (Mary Howard-Hamilton, Ed.D. and Kimberly Frazier, Ph.D.). 5. The Developing Counselor (Marilyn Montgomery, Ph.D. and Jeffrey Kottler, Ph.D.). 6. Women's Development (Dana L. Comstock, Ph.D.). 7. Male Development and the Journey Toward Disconnection (David Shepard, Ph.D.). 8. The Developmental Impact of Trauma (Amy Banks, M.D.). 9. The Impact of Trauma and Abuse on Development (Amy Banks, M.D.). 10. Sexuality Across the Life-Span (Stella Kerl, Ph.D. and Ana Juarez, Ph.D.). 11. Gifted Development: It? s Not Easy Being Green (Linda Kreger Silverman, Ph.D. and Sharon A. Conarton, LCSW). 12. Grief, Loss and Death (Thelma Duffey, Ph.D.). 13. Familial and Relational Transitions Across the Lifespan (Jolynne Reynolds, Ph.D.). 14. The Relational Impact of Addiction Across the Life Span (Thelma Duffey, Ph.D.). 15. Spirituality and Spiritual Development in Context (Melanie Munk, M.A.). 16. Fostering Resilience Throughout Our Lives: New Relational Possibilities. (Linda Hartling, Ph.D.).
Osteointegration in Cranial Bone Reconstruction: A Goal to Achieve

Background The number of cranioplasty procedures is steadily increasing, mainly due to growing indications for decompressive procedures following trauma, tumor or malformations. Although autologous bone is still considered the gold standard for bone replacement in skull, there is an urgent need for synthetic porous implants able to guide bone regeneration and stable reconstruction of the defect. In this respect, hydroxyapatite scaffolds with highly porous architecture are very promising materials, due to the excellent biocompatibility and intrinsic osteogenic and osteoconductive properties that enable deep bone penetration in the scaffold and excellent osteointegration. Osteointegration is here highlighted as a key aspect for the early recovery of bone-like biomechanical performance, for which custom-made porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds play a major role. There are still very few cases documenting the clinical performance of porous scaffolds following cranioplasty. Methods This paper reports 2 clinical cases where large cranial defects were repaired by the aid of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds with customized shapes and 3D profiles (Fin-Ceramica, Faenza, Italy). Results In the long term (i.e., after 2 years), these scaffolds yielded extensive osteointegration through formation and penetration of new organized bone. Conclusions These results confirm that porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds, uniquely possessing chemico-physical and morphological/mechanical properties very close to those of bone, can be considered as a tool to provide effective bone regeneration in large cranial bone defects. Moreover, they may potentially prevent most of the postsurgical drawbacks related to the use of metal or plastic implants.
American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association Consensus Statement on Inpatient Diabetes and Glycemic Control

D iabetes has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S., affecting in excess of 20 million individuals (more than one of every three persons). In addition, another 26% have impaired fasting glucose (1). Similarly, a disproportionate number of hospitalized patients have diabetes. Furthermore, for every two patients in the hospital with known diabetes, there may be an additional patient with newly observed hyperglycemia (2,3). Compelling evidence continues to accumulate to suggest that poorly controlled blood glucose levels are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as with higher health care costs. In 2002, 4.9 million hospital discharges in the U.S. were associated with diabetes (4). The cost of inpatient diabetes care for 2002 was estimated at $40 billion—the single largest component of direct medical costs for the disease (5). Until recently, glycemic control in hospitalized patients has not been a major therapeutic focus, partly because of a lack of published targets and guidelines for management of such patients and partly because evidence demonstrating improved overall outcomes as the result of improved glycemic control was only just emerging. In 2004, the American College of Endocrinology (ACE) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologis ts (AACE) publ ished the first recommendations for the management of inpatient diabetes and metabolic control (6). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) supported an extensive technical review evaluating the relationships between glycemic control and its effect on hospital outcomes (7). This review became the basis for the 2005 ADA Clinical Practice Recommendations (8). Notwithstanding national and local efforts, widespread implementation of improved glycemic control for inpatients has remained an elusive goal for many medical centers. Multiple institutional and attitudinal obstacles still exist to improving health care, and these barriers have created a substantial and growing gap between what we know and what we actually do. For this reason, ACE and ADA joined forces and convened a consensus conference (Inpatient Diabetes and Glycemic Control: A Call to Action Conference), with the goal of identifying strategies to overcome barriers and facilitate improvements in inpatient diabetes care.
Feedback of evidence into practice

Concern about risks associated with medical care has led to increasing interest in quality improvement processes. Most quality initiatives derive from manufacturing, where they have worked well in improving quality by small, steady increments. Adaptations of quality processes to the healthcare environment have included variations emphasising teamwork; large, ambitious increments in targets; and unorthodox approaches. Feedback of clinical information to clinicians is a central process in many quality improvement activities. It is important to choose feedback data that support the objectives for quality improvement — and not just what is expedient. Clinicians need to be better educated about the quality improvement process to maintain the quality of their care.
Palliative care or end-of-life care in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective community survey.

BACKGROUND Calls for better end-of-life care for advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reflect the large number who die from the disease and their considerable unmet needs. AIM To determine palliative care needs in advanced COPD. DESIGN Cross-sectional interview study in patients' homes using structured questionnaires generated from 44 south London general practices. METHOD One hundred and sixty-three (61% response) patients were interviewed, mean age 72 years, 50% female, with diagnosis of COPD and at least two of: forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) <40% predicted, hospital admissions or acute severe exacerbations with COPD, long-term oxygen therapy, cor pulmonale, use of oral steroids, and being housebound. Patients with advanced cancer, severe alcohol-related or mental health problems, or learning difficulties, were excluded; 145 patients were included in the analysis. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-eight (88%) participants reported shortness of breath most days/every day, 45% were housebound, 75% had a carer. Medical records indicated that participants were at least as severe as non-participants. Eighty-two (57%) had severe breathlessness; 134 (92%) said breathlessness was their most important problem; 31 (21%) were on suboptimal treatment; 42 (30%) who were severely affected had not been admitted to hospital in the previous 2 years; 86 of 102 who had been admitted would want admission again if unwell to the same extent. None expressed existential concerns and few discussed need in terms of end-of-life care, despite severe breathlessness and impairment. CONCLUSION Needs in advanced COPD were considerable, with many reporting severe intractable breathlessness. Palliation of breathlessness was a priority, but discussion of need was seldom in terms of 'end-of-life care'.
Thoracolumbar Vertebral Injuries with Neurological Deficit Treated with Posterior Decompression, Short Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation, and Interlaminar Fusion

Study Design Prospective clinical study. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interlaminar fusion and short segment pedicle screw fixation on thoracolumbar vertebral injuries for preventing pain and post-traumatic kyphosis. Overview of Literature The treatment of thoracolumbar injuries continues to be one of the most controversial areas in spine care. The main aim of surgical treatment is to decompress the spinal cord or nerve roots, realign the spine, and correct or prevent post-traumatic kyphosis. We evaluated the outcome of interlaminar fusion along with posterior decompression and short segment pedicle screw fixation in patients with thoracolumbar fractures with neurological deficit. Methods Twenty-two patients with traumatic thoracolumbar vertebral injuries and neurological deficit underwent short segment pedicle screw fixation above and below the fractured vertebrae, posterior decompression, and interlaminar fusion using a bone graft. Results All patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively. The average operative time and blood loss was 142 minutes and 214 mL, respectively. Of the 22 patients, 14 recovered completely. Of the nine patients with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade A disease, two improved by 1 grade, whereas one each improved by grades 2, 3, and 4, and four did not recover. Radiologically, vertebral kyphosis angle improved from 20.91 preoperatively to 15.73 postoperatively, sagittal index improved from 24.77 to 18.73, the sagittal plane kyphosis angle improved from 17.45 to 11.41, regional angle kyphosis improved from 14.73 to 10.14, the superior inferior end plate angle from 16.14 to 13.00, and mean anterior body compression improved from 36.26 to 27.64 postoperatively. No implant failed and no patient had neurological deterioration. Conclusions Short segment pedicle screw fixation with posterior decompression and interlaminar fusion provided considerable reduction in kyphosis, restored the vertebral height of patients with thoracolumbar vertebral injuries and neurological deficit, and prevented development of delayed kyphotic deformity.
Solvers for O (N) Electronic Structure in the Strong Scaling Limit

We present a hybrid OpenMP/Charm\tt++ framework for solving the $\mathcal{O} (N)$ self-consistent-field eigenvalue problem with parallelism in the strong scaling regime, $P\gg{N}$, where $P$ is the number of cores, and $N$ is a measure of system size, i.e., the number of matrix rows/columns, basis functions, atoms, molecules, etc. This result is achieved with a nested approach to spectral projection and the sparse approximate matrix multiply [Bock and Challacombe, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. , 35 (2013), pp. C72--C98], and involves a recursive, task-parallel algorithm, often employed by generalized $N$-Body solvers, to occlusion and culling of negligible products in the case of matrices with decay. Employing classic technologies associated with generalized $N$-Body solvers, including overdecomposition, recursive task parallelism, orderings that preserve locality, and persistence-based load balancing, we obtain scaling beyond hundreds of cores per molecule for small water clusters ([H${}_2$O]${}_N$, $N \in \{ 30, .
Measuring pulse-induced natural relative motions within human ocular tissue in vivo using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Abstract. We use phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography to measure relative motions within the human eye. From a sequence of tomograms, the phase difference between successive tomograms reveals the local axial motion of the tissue at every location within the image. The pulsation of the retina and of the lamina cribrosa amounts to, at most, a few micrometers per second, while the bulk velocity of the eye, even with the head resting in an ophthalmic instrument, is a few orders of magnitude faster. The bulk velocity changes continuously as the tomograms are acquired, whereas localized motions appear at acquisition times determined by the repeated scan of the tomogram. This difference in timing allows the bulk motion to be separated from any localized motions within a temporal bandwidth below the tomogram frame rate. In the human eye, this reveals a map of relative motions with a precision of a few micrometers per second.
Radiation-Induced Bystander and Adaptive Responses in Cell and Tissue Models

The use of microbeam approaches has been a major advance in probing the relevance of bystander and adaptive responses in cell and tissue models. Our own studies at the Gray Cancer Institute have used both a charged particle microbeam, producing protons and helium ions and a soft X-ray microprobe, delivering focused carbon-K, aluminium-K and titanium-K soft X-rays. Using these techniques we have been able to build up a comprehensive picture of the underlying differences between bystander responses and direct effects in cell and tissue-like models. What is now clear is that bystander dose-response relationships, the underlying mechanisms of action and the targets involved are not the same as those observed for direct irradiation of DNA in the nucleus. Our recent studies have shown bystander responses even when radiation is deposited away from the nucleus in cytoplasmic targets. Also the interaction between bystander and adaptive responses may be a complex one related to dose, number of cells targeted and time interval.
PENGARUH KUALITAS INFORMASI, KEMAMPUAN INDIVIDU DAN NORMA SUBJEKTIF TERHADAP MINAT MAHASISWA DALAM MENGGUNAKAN INTERNET SEBAGAI SUMBER REFERENSI

This purpose of this study is to test and describe of information quality, individual capability, and subjective norms on affect the students intention in using internet. This research become an interesting problem because there has not been consistent empirical result. Data of this research is taken through the questionnaire. This study received 100 responses of S1, S2, S3 students from FEB UB. This research using Updated Information System Succes Model, Kognitif Social Theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This research is analyzed by multiple regressions as one of the analysis model. The results indicated that information quality, individual capability and subjective norms positively and significantly affect the students intention in using internet as literature source. Keywords: information quality, individual capability, subjective norms and the students intention in using internet.
Cleavase Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Neisseria meningitidis Basic Metabolic Genes

ABSTRACT Cleavase fragment length polymorphism (CFLP) is a subtyping system based on the property of the enzyme cleavase to recognize junctions between single- and double-stranded regions of DNA formed after denaturation and cooling. To assess the capacity of CFLP for discriminating Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strains belonging to the electrophoretic type (ET) 5 (ET-5) complex from other serogroup B strains, 30 serogroup B N. meningitidisisolates were subtyped by CFLP with internal fragments of five housekeeping genes, adk, aspC,carA, dhp, and glnA. Two genes (glnA and carA) which demonstrated a high degree of diversity for the serogroup B isolates were then used to further evaluate the suitability of CFLP for screening 50 serogroup CN. meningitidis outbreak-associated and sporadic-case isolates with a single metabolic gene. The results were compared to those from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), the current standard subtyping method. CFLP was able to distinguish the ET-5 complex isolates from other serogroup B isolates as efficiently as MEE. Furthermore, CFLP analysis of a single gene was sufficient to identify and cluster the serogroup C isolates belonging to the ET-37 complex from other, unrelated serogroup C isolates but was not capable of differentiating between the isolates of the major individual ETs of this complex (ET-17 and ET-24) causing most serogroup C meningococcal disease outbreaks in the United States. CFLP based on a single gene with a high degree of diversity but not under selective pressure can be applied to the rapid screening of a large number of isolates related to the recognized epidemic complex ET-5 or ET-37. Additionally, CFLP can be used as an initial screening tool to survey the amount of diversity in genes that might be used to develop a DNA sequence-based subtyping system.
Streptococcus pneumoniae: virulence factors, pathogenesis, and vaccines

Although pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are close to being licensed, a more profound knowledge of the virulence factors responsible for the morbidity and mortality caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is necessary. This review deals with the major structures of pneumococci involved in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease and their interference with the defense mechanisms of the host. It is well known that protection against S. pneumoniae is the result of phagocytosis of invading pathogens. For this process, complement and anticapsular polysaccharide antibodies are required. Besides, relatively recent experimental data suggest that protection is also mediated by the removal of disintegrating pneumococci and their degradation products (cell wall, pneumolysin). These structures seem to be major contributors to illness and death caused by pneumococci. An effective conjugate vaccine should therefore preferably include the capsular polysaccharide and at least one of these inflammatory factors.
Real-time PCR Statistics PCR Encyclopedia

Real-time PCR is a powerful tool to compare relative transcriptional abundance, and has been broadly applied in biomedical sciences. However, methods for rigorous statistical analyses have lagged behind applications. Confidence interval and statistical significance considerations are not explicit in many of the current data analysis approaches. Based on the standard curve method and other useful data analysis methods, we propose four statistical approaches that can be useful in the analysis of real-time PCR data.
On Uniquely Hamiltonian Claw-Free and Triangle-Free Graphs

Abstract A graph is uniquely Hamiltonian if it contains exactly one Hamiltonian cycle. In this note, we prove that claw-free graphs with minimum degree at least 3 are not uniquely Hamiltonian. We also show that this is best possible by exhibiting uniquely Hamiltonian claw-free graphs with minimum degree 2 and arbitrary maximum degree. Finally, we show that a construction due to Entringer and Swart can be modified to construct triangle-free uniquely Hamiltonian graphs with minimum degree 3.