Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Induction of Nasal Tolerance in Cutting Edge: A Critical Role for IL-10 in

Appropriate treatment of autoimmune myocarditis following virus infection remains a major clinical problem. Induction of nasal tolerance may provide a new approach to treatment. However, the exact mechanism of nasal tolerance is unknown. To assess the mechanism of nasal tolerance, we examined the role of IL-10 in the induction and suppression of autoimmune myocarditis. First we showed that blocking IL-10 concurrent with nasal administration of Ag abolished the disease-sup-pressing effect of nasal tolerization. It also led to increased cardiac myosin-speciﬁc IL-1 and TNF- (cid:1) production. Then we demonstrated that blocking IL-10 during the effector phase increased not only the incidence and severity of disease but also Ag-speciﬁc IL-2, IL-4, and TNF- (cid:1) production as well as cardiac myosin-speciﬁc IgG1 and IgG2b production, whereas blocking IL-10 during the induction phase had no effect. This study implicates IL-10 in the induction of nasal tolerance and in limiting inﬂammation later during the disease process. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 1552–1556.
Rituximab as a Treatment Option for Refractory Endogenous Anterior Uveitis

Background: To report on anti-CD20 antibody therapy in a patient with uveitis refractive to immunosuppression therapy. Methods: Case report with ophthalmoscopic, optical coherence tomography and fluorescein-angiographic findings. Results: A 49-year-old woman was suffering from bilateral, noninfectious chronic anterior uveitis refractive to corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Bilateral visual acuity was 20/100 due to cataract and cystoid macular edema (CME). After treatment with rituximab, vision and CME improved, and uveitis was stable until the final visit (follow-up at 12 months). Conclusion: The case report suggests that rituximab may be helpful for selected patients with chronic anterior uveitis refractive to corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medication.
Muscle stimulation timing while implementing Ura Mawashi Geri in Iranian elite women

Karate is a martial art in which the technics are performed by kicks, punches (hand) and rotational movements [1, 2, 3]. Ura MAWASHI GERI is a kind of kick which involves the core stability muscles of Lumbar – Pelvic areas, Quadriceps muscle (Lower extremity) and knee and lumbar – pelvic joints while being performed [5-11]. The purpose of this research is to determine the muscle stimulation time pattern of Gluteus Medius (GM), External Oblique (EO) and Quadriceps muscles such as Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL) at any phases of the implementation of the technique by the dominant leg. The muscular activities of VM, VL, EO and GM in 5 Iranian healthy elite Karatekas (in average age of (21/4) were recorded by the Electromyography device. The onset latency of the muscle activity and the Goniometric data (Knee Joint) were defined after processing the RMS of data and according to the Mean+4sd. After that, the average of the obtained records was used to determine the onset of each muscle separately at all phases of the implementation of the techniques. The results showed Glutesus Medius, at the phases of one, four, and five, and Vatus Medialis, at the phases of two and six, and the External Oblique at the third phase act earlier in comparison with other muscles.
Bipart: Learning Block Structure for Activity Detection

Physical activity consists of complex behavior, typically structured in bouts which can consist of one continuous movement (e.g., exercise) or many sporadic movements (e.g., household chores). Each bout can be represented as a block of feature vectors corresponding to the same activity type. This paper introduces a general distance metric technique to use this block representation to first predict activity type, and then uses the predicted activity to estimate energy expenditure within a novel framework. This distance metric, dubbed Bipart, learns block-level information from both training and test sets, combining both to form a projection space which materializes block-level constraints. Thus, Bipart provides a space which can improve the bout classification performance of all classifiers. We also propose an energy expenditure estimation framework which leverages activity classification in order to improve estimates. Comprehensive experiments on waist-mounted accelerometer data, comparing Bipart against many similar methods as well as other classifiers, demonstrate the superior activity recognition of Bipart, especially in low-information experimental settings.
Theories and Practices of Mindfulness in Asian Traditions: Historical Context and Relevance to the Modern World

I embarked on a four-month API Fellowship 2010 project1 in Japan to answer the question: How relevant is “mindfulness” from Asian traditions in the modern world? To answer this, I searched the literature on the historical context and the theories and practices underlying mindfulness. Finally, I reviewed the modern applications of mindfulness. The paper was inspired by the pragmatic goal to contextualize the physiological research.
AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF WEIGHTING FUNCTIONS FOR MULTI -LABEL DISTANCE - WEIGHTED K-NEAREST NEIGHBOUR METHOD

Multi-label classification is an extension of classical multi-class one, where any instance can be associated with several classes simultaneously and thus the classes are no longer mutually exclusive. It was experimentally shown that the distance-weighted k-nearest neighbour (DWkNN) algorithm is superior to the original kNN rule for multi-class learning. But, it has not been investigated whether the distance-weighted strategy is valid for multi-label learning and which weighting function performs well. In this paper, we provide a concise multi-label DWkNN form (MLC-DWkNN). Furthermore, four weighting functions, Dudani’s linear function varying from 1 to 0, Macleod’s linear function ranging from 1 to 1/2, Dudani’s inverse distance function, and Zavrel’s exponential function, are collected and then investigated by detailed experiments on three benchmark data sets with Manhattan distance. Our study demonstrates that Dudani’s linear and Zavrel’s exponential functions work well, and moreover MLC-DWkNN with such two functions outperforms an existing kNN-based multi-label classifier ML-kNN.
ONTOLOGY-BASED REASONING FOR ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DATA MODEL SEMANTIC EVALUATION

Original scientific paper Conceptual modeling is one of the most important activities in the modeling phase of information systems development most commonly presented by entity-relationship data model. This paper presents a system for entity-relationship data model semantic evaluation that is based on comparing ontology with data model elements. This approach is based on domain ontology and data model formalization at predicate calculus form that is suitable for reasoning. A set of reasoning rules for ontology to data model mapping was defined. The whole process is empirically verified and confirmed. For this purpose it has been developed a software tool for ontology and data model transformation to predicate logic form and then to a set of Prolog-like clauses. After integration of these sets of clauses and rules, a Prolog-system was used for reasoning in order to quantitatively express the quality of data model with appropriate metric.
Detection of Spatial-Specific Phytochrome Responses Using Targeted Expression of Biliverdin Reductase in Arabidopsis1[OA]

To regulate levels of holophytochrome in a spatial-specific manner and investigate the major sites of action of phytochromes during seedling development, we constructed transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plant lines expressing plastid-targeted mammalian biliverdin IXα reductase (pBVR) under regulatory control of CAB3 and MERI5 promoters. Comparative photobiological and phenotypic analyses indicated that spatial-specific expression of pBVR led to the disruption of distinct subsets of phytochrome-regulated responses for different promoters. pBVR expression in photosynthetic tissues (CAB3∷pBVR lines) had intermediate effects on chlorophyll accumulation, carotenoid production, anthocyanin synthesis, and leaf development responses in white-light conditions. CAB3∷pBVR expression, however, resulted in distinctive phenotypes in far-red (FR) conditions. A number of FR high irradiance responses were disrupted in CAB∷pBVR lines, including FR-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and stimulation of anthocyanin accumulation. By contrast, preferential expression of pBVR in the shoot apical meristem in MERI5∷pBVR lines resulted in a phytochrome-deficient, leaf development phenotype under short-day growth conditions. These results implicate leaf-localized phytochrome A as having a unique role in regulating FR-mediated hypocotyl elongation and meristem- and/or leaf primordia-localized phytochromes as having a novel role in phytochrome-dependent responses. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the efficacy of selectively inactivating distinct phytochrome-mediated responses by regulated expression of BVR in transgenic plants, a novel means to investigate the sites of phytochrome photoperception and to regulate specifically light-mediated plant growth and development.
Detection of Packet Dropping Nodes in MANET using DSR Routing Protocol

Wireless network is a growing technology that facilitates users for sharing of information instantly through wireless electronic devices irrespective of their locations. It can be infrastructure based or infrastructure less (ad hoc networks). An ad hoc network gains more attention because of its convenience, mobility, scalability, cost and easy setup. It is best suitable for applications, where predefined infrastructure is not possible. But ad hoc network is vulnerable to various attacks due to its functionality and deployment scenario. It is a decentralized networks therefore all the routing activities are handled by nodes. Nodes may behave badly in the network and can drop the packets instead of forwarding them. The aim of this research work is to detect these packet dropping nodes in MANET and prevents these packet droppers to be chosen as an active element of the path used for packet forwarding in DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) protocol. For this, we have implemented a trust and cluster based monitoring technique and simulated this environment using network simulator NS2.
Design and characterization of a multimeric DNA binding protein using Sac7d and GCN4 as templates

The protein Sac7d belongs to a class of small chromosomal proteins from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Sac7d is extremely stable to heat, acid, and chemical agents. This protein is a monomer and it binds DNA without any particular sequence preference, while inducing a sharp kink in the DNA. By appending a leucine‐zipper‐like helical peptide derived from the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 to the C‐terminal end of Sac7d, the modified monomers (denoted S7dLZ) are expected to interact with each other via hydrophobic force to form a parallel dimer. The recombinant S7dLZ was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by heating and ion‐exchange chromatography. The formation of dimer was detected by gel‐filtration chromatography and chemical cross‐link. The results of surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism experiments showed that the DNA‐binding capacity was retained. Furthermore, X‐ray diffraction analysis of single crystals of S7dLZ in complex with DNA decamer CCTATATAGG showed that the leucine‐zipper segments of S7dLZ were associated into an antiparallel four‐helix bundle. There are two DNA fragments bound to each S7dLZ tetramer in the crystal. This model works as a successful template that endows protein a new function without losing original properties. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualise Undrawable Euler Diagrams

Given a group of overlapping sets, it is not always possible to represent it with Euler diagrams. Euler diagram characteristics might collide with the sets relationships to depict, making it impossible to outline a correct draw. In order to be able to show a greater class of instances, Euler diagrams have been extended allowing more general patterns, but so far all the most common definitions cannot represent all the possible connection between sets.We aim to introduce methods and constructions to produce a clear representation, as close as possible to Euler diagrams, even for sets that are not formally drawable in that way. We investigate on the reasons that make a diagram undrawable, in order to evaluate how and when to apply the mentioned structures, and to give the foundations necessary to design algorithms for this purpose.
An efficient Architecture for Multiband-MIMO with LTEAdvanced Receivers for UWB Communication Systems

The emerging ultra wideband (UWB) system offers a great potential for the design of high speed short-range wireless communications. In order to satisfy the growing demand for higher data rates, one possible solution is to exploit both spatial and multipath diversities via the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and proper coding techniques. In this paper, candidate architecture for LTE Advanced receiver is proposed. Based on the combination of MIMO techniques and flexible spectrum access, LTE-Advanced terminals will require the increasing of the analog front-end complexity. This is a general framework is proposed to analyze the performance of multiband UWB-MIMO systems regardless of specific coding schemes. Simulation and measurement results show that, in a Gaussian case, the bit error rate is similar when using the proposed architecture and the state of the art front-end stack-up structure. A complexity evaluation study reveals significantly reduced power consumption of the proposed single front-end architecture. Finally, simulation results are presented to support the theoretical analysis.
Comparative Study of the detection algorithms in MIMO

Wireless communication systems are gaining importance especially with respect to mobiles phones and data devices because of their ease of use and mobility. The need for high data rate is growing since the multimedia applications are gaining popularity which needs high data rate and quality of service. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission system is one of the recent and the most promising approach of the Smart Antenna Technology which uses multiple antennas in the transmitter and the receiver side and is currently followed for high-rate wireless communication. The capacity of MIMO systems is much better when compared to all other antenna configurations like SISO, SIMO, MISO. In MIMO, many receiver algorithms have been used for the detection of the transmitted symbols. This paper discusses some of the algorithms used and they are compared based on complexity and BER performance. Out of the discussed algorithms, Maximum Likelihood (ML) is found to be the best in terms of BER but the complexity increases exponentially with increase in number of transmitters. The Sphere decoding algorithm is gradually replacing ML as it reduces the computational complexity while maintaining the same performance as that of ML.The algorithms are simulated in MATLAB and BER performances are validated. Keywords— Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, Single Input Single Output (SISO), Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO), Multiple Input Single Output (SISO), Maximum Likelihood detection (ML), and Sphere decoding algorithm.
A comparative analysis of algorithms for somatic SNV detection in cancer

Motivation: With the advent of relatively affordable high-throughput technologies, DNA sequencing of cancers is now common practice in cancer research projects and will be increasingly used in clinical practice to inform diagnosis and treatment. Somatic (cancer-only) single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are the simplest class of mutation, yet their identification in DNA sequencing data is confounded by germline polymorphisms, tumour heterogeneity and sequencing and analysis errors. Four recently published algorithms for the detection of somatic SNV sites in matched cancer–normal sequencing datasets are VarScan, SomaticSniper, JointSNVMix and Strelka. In this analysis, we apply these four SNV calling algorithms to cancer–normal Illumina exome sequencing of a chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patient. The candidate SNV sites returned by each algorithm are filtered to remove likely false positives, then characterized and compared to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of each SNV calling algorithm. Results: Comparing the candidate SNV sets returned by VarScan, SomaticSniper, JointSNVMix2 and Strelka revealed substantial differences with respect to the number and character of sites returned; the somatic probability scores assigned to the same sites; their susceptibility to various sources of noise; and their sensitivities to low-allelic-fraction candidates. Availability: Data accession number SRA081939, code at http://code.google. com/p/snv-caller-review/ Contact: david.adelson@adelaide.edu. au Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
LY290181, an Inhibitor of Diabetes-Induced Vascular Dysfunction, Blocks Protein Kinase C—Stimulated Transcriptional Activation Through Inhibition of Transcription Factor Binding to a Phorbol Response Element

Previous studies have shown that high glucose levels and diabetes induce an elevation in protein kinase C (PKC) activity in vascular cells and tissues susceptible to diabetic complications. In addition, PKC activation has been shown to modulate vascular cell growth, permeability, and gene expression, processes thought to be involved in the development of vascular complications. Using two in vivo model systems, we have identified a novel inhibitor of diabetic vascular dysfunction, LY290181. LY290181 prevented glucose-induced increases in blood flow and permeability in rat granulation tissue and corresponding vascular changes in the retina, sciatic nerve, and aorta of diabetic rats. Tested for its ability to inhibit PKC-regulated processes, LY290181 inhibited phorbol ester–stimulated plasminogen activator activity in a dose-dependent manner in bovine retinal endothelial cells and in human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, LY290181 inhibited phorbol ester–stimulated activation of the porcine urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) promoter (−4600/+398) linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene (p4660CAT). More detailed analysis of the uPA promoter revealed that LY290181 inhibited phorbol ester–stimulated activation of the uPA phorbol response element (−2458/−2349) located upstream of the thymidine kinase promoter (puPATKCAT). LY290181 appears to inhibit uPA promoter activation by blocking phorbol ester–stimulated binding of nuclear proteins to the uPA PEA3/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate responsive element (TRE). These results suggest that LY290181 may inhibit diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction by inhibiting transcription factor binding to specific PKC-regulated genes involved in vascular function.
Odorant Responsiveness of Squid Olfactory Receptor Neurons

In the olfactory organ of the squid, Lolliguncula brevis there are five morphological types of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Previous work to characterize odor sensitivity of squid ORNs was performed on only two of the five types in dissociated primary cell cultures. Here, we sought to establish the odorant responsiveness of all five types. We exposed live squid or intact olfactory organs to excitatory odors plus the activity marker, agmatine (AGB), an arginine derivative that enters cells through nonselective cation channels. An antibody against AGB was used to identify odorant‐activated neurons. We were able to determine the ORN types of AGB‐labeled cells based on their location in the epithelium, morphology and immunolabeling by a set of metabolites: arginine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine, and glutathione. Of 389 neurons identified from metabolite‐labeled tissue, 3% were type 1, 32% type 2, 33% type 3, 15% type 4, and 17% type 5. Each ORN type had different odorant specificity with type 3 cells showing the highest percentages of odorant‐stimulated AGB labeling. Type 1 cells were rare and none of the identified type 1 cells responded to the tested odorants, which included glutamate, alanine and AGB. Glutamate is a behaviorally attractive odorant and elicited AGB labeling in types 2 and 3. Glutamate‐activated AGB labeling was significantly reduced in the presence of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, SQ22536 (80 μM). These data suggest that the five ORN types differ in their relative abundance and odor responsiveness and that the adenylate cyclase pathway is involved in squid olfactory transduction. Anat Rec, 291:763‐774, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Relationship between Reaction Time and Psychometric Intelligence in a Rural Guatemalan Adolescent Population

In industrialized countries reaction time has been found to be related to measures of intelligence and cognitive abilities. Little, however, is known about the validity of using such tasks in nonindustrialized countries. The present research investigated the association between reaction time and psychometric intelligence in a rural Guatemalan adolescent population. Results indicated that speed and consistency of processing on reaction time tasks were related to psychometric intelligence. However, the magnitude of these relationships were considerably smaller than those reported in industrialized populations. Reaction time task performance accounted for less than 5% of the variance in psychometric intelligence. Findings suggest that although reaction time tasks are associated with intelligence, the predictive validity of such measures needs to be established before use in nontraditional populations. Dans les pays industrialises, le temps de reaction est relie aux mesures d'intelligence et aux habiletes cog.
Sound and meaning in auditory data display

Auditory data display is an interdisciplinary field linking auditory perception research, sound engineering, data mining, and human-computer interaction in order to make semantic contents of data perceptually accessible in the form of (nonverbal) audible sound. For this goal it is important to understand the different ways in which sound can encode meaning. We discuss this issue from the perspectives of language, music, functionality, listening modes, and physics, and point out some limitations of current techniques for auditory data display, in particular when targeting high-dimensional data sets. As a promising, potentially very widely applicable approach, we discuss the method of model-based sonification (MBS) introduced recently by the authors and point out how its natural semantic grounding in the physics of a sound generation process supports the design of sonifications that are accessible even to untrained, everyday listening. We then proceed to show that MBS also facilitates the design of an intuitive, active navigation through "acoustic aspects", somewhat analogous to the use of successive two-dimensional views in three-dimensional visualization. Finally, we illustrate the concept with a first prototype of a "tangible" sonification interface which allows us to "perceptually map" sonification responses into active exploratory hand motions of a user, and give an outlook on some planned extensions.