Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humalog (lispro) for type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease, and ultimately, most patients will require insulin therapy for the optimization of their glycemic control. Areas covered: We review the recent literature investigating the efficacy and safety of the insulin analogue lispro in type 2 diabetes. Relevant publications were identified by means of a PubMed literature search in the period January 1990 to May 2012. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which included at least one arm evaluating insulin lispro in type 2 diabetes. Expert opinion: Insulin is the most effective therapy for reducing hyperglycemia: when the desired decrease of HbA1c is ≥ 1.5%, it is unlikely than any other antidiabetes drug may work as better as insulin. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of lispro analogues offer discrete advantage over human insulin. The preliminary results of comparative RCTs versus insulin glargine or insulin detemir indicate that insulin lispro protamine suspension (ILPS) has a similar effect on glucose control and the risk of hypoglycemia while using lower doses when injected once a day. Lispro/ILPS premixed formulations can be injected immediately before a meal because they are absorbed more rapidly than premixed human insulin, thus allowing more flexibility with insulin therapy.
Intersex Practice, Theory, and Activism: A Roundtable Discussion

The present article seeks to bring together ideas from legal, medical, social science, artistic, and activist perspectives, through dialogue among the four authors. Sarah Creighton is a gynecologist working with women who have atypical genital development or intersex conditions. Julie Greenberg is a professor of law whose work on gender and sexual identity has been influential both within the United States and internationally. Del LaGrace Volcano is a visual artist whose work engages with gender variance. Katrina Roen is an academic who approaches her research on both transgender and intersex from a social science perspective, informed by queer and feminist theorizing. Although the prior work of the four authors clearly indicates a shared commitment to change the situation of intersex people, the mechanisms for such changes are far from clear. Any changes will, however, surely be facilitated by ongoing communication and collaboration across the various perspectives and disciplines represented here.
Home Blood Glucose Monitoring As an Aid in Diabetes Management

Home blood glucose monitoring, using Dextrostix and an Eyetone meter, has been utilized in several subcategories of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These include pregnant patients, anephric patients, patients undergoing weight reduction, patients with altered renal threshold for glucose reabsorption, and patients in whom diabetic regulation is difficult. Patients monitored home blood glucose continually (on a daily basis), intermittently, or only for particular problems or symptoms. Such monitoring can be practically accomplished in a manner acceptable to patients. Motivation, compliance with protocol, and an understanding of the objectives of the program are essential on the part of the patient. Home blood glucose monitoring, however, can provide an insight diabetes regulation that cannot be attained in any other way and can greatly facilitate regulation of diabetes. Such home blood glucose monitoring may increase the likelihood of achievement of a degree of control approximating euglycemia.
Multiplier ideals, V-filtration, and spectrum

For an effective divisor on a smooth algebraic variety or a complex manifold, we show that the associated multiplier ideals coincide essentially with the filtration induced by the filtration V constructed by B. Malgrange and M. Kashiwara. This implies another proof of a theorem of L. Ein, R. Lazarsfeld, K.E. Smith and D. Varolin that any jumping coefficient in the interval (0,1] is a root of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial up to sign. We also give a refinement (using mixed Hodge modules) of the formula for the coefficients of the spectrum for exponents not greater than one or greater than the dimension of the variety minus one.
Personality research—challenges for the future

This article is about the lessons that can be learned from the mistakes of the past. After a critical, constructive analysis of current theorizing and research, important directions of future personality psychology are described against the background of a general theoretical framework. It is argued that individual functioning cannot be understood or explained if the environmental factors that are operating in the individual's interactions with the environment and the biological factors that are constantly interacting with the cognitive‐emotional system are not considered. Finally, the article focuses on conceptual and methodological issues that are of major importance for further progress in personality psychology, viz. (a) the match between level of psychological processes and type of data, (b) the nature of psychological phenomena studied in terms of variables, (c) the use of chronological age as the marker of individual development, and (d) the comparison between a variable and a person approach.
Secure Data Devolution: Practical Re-encryption with Auxiliary Data in LWE-based Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption

Homomorphic encryption can support meaningful operations on encrypted data, and hence it enables users to outsource their data in encrypted format to cloud services. However, homomorphic encryption cannot operate on ciphertexts with different keys in general. To resolve the problem, re-encryption allows operations on such ciphertexts by unifying the different keys into a new one. In this paper, we focus on the scheme proposed by Brakerski and Vaikuntanathan (CRYPTO 2011), and give a practical re-encryption method. Our strategy for efficient re-encryption is to simply rewrite the decryption circuit and then to evaluate the circuit homomorphically with auxiliary information. In particular, our method requires only a few homomorphic operations for re-encryption, and it can be applied to various applications such as secure key exchange for collaboratively computing multiple users' data in the cloud.
Modeling Cooperation in Virtual Districts: A Methodology for E-Service Design

E-services can be used to wrap an organization's information system and to provide a standard interface that enables cooperation with other information systems. As a consequence, e-services should not only support operating activities, but also embed mechanisms for inter-organizational coordination and control over operating activities. Inter-organizational coordination and control are based on contractual agreements that coordinate processes across cooperating companies and establish mechanisms to control the fulfillment of production goals. The objective of this paper is to describe a methodological approach for the design of e-services that supports the specification of inter-organizational coordination and control requirements. The paper explains how the methodology is structured in three phases, from requirements specification to conceptual design and implementation. The first phase of the methodology supports the specification of cooperation requirements, which constitute the static description of coordination and control requirements. In the second methodological phase, this static description is completed with a dynamic description of the actions to be taken upon exceptions, which occur when cooperating partners do not comply with cooperation goals. The static and dynamic description of coordination and control represent a conceptual specification of a business transaction. In the final methodological phase, this conceptual specification is implemented based on the WSDL and BPEL4WS languages for e-service design. The methodology is tested on the case study of the Italian production district of Matera.
A compact model of hafnium-oxide-based resistive random access memory

In this paper, a compact model of hafnium-oxide-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) cell is developed. The proposed model includes the effect of the temperature and cycle-to-cycle stochastic variations affecting the device operations. Simple I-V measurements are used to extract the model parameters. The model accurately reproduces the I-V curves of the switching cycles in different operating conditions.
Hul5 ubiquitin ligase

Failure to eliminate abnormal proteins in the cell is associated with numerous aggregation diseases. Misfolded proteins are normally detected by protein quality control and either refolded or eliminated. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a major pathway that degrades these unwanted proteins. Ubiquitin ligases are central to these degradation pathways as they recognize aberrant proteins and covalently attach a polyubiquitin chain to target them to the proteasome. We discovered that the Hul5 ubiquitin ligase is a major player in a novel protein quality control pathway that targets cytosolic misfolded proteins. Hul5 is required for the maintenance of cell fitness and the increased ubiquitination of low solubility proteins after heat-shock in yeast cells. We identified several low-solubility substrates of Hul5, including the prion-like protein Pin3. It is now apparent that in the cytoplasm, misfolded proteins can be targeted by multiple degradation pathways. In this review, we discuss how the Hul5 protein quality control pathway may specifically target low solubility cytosolic proteins in the cell.
Correlation between colonic secretion and colonic motility in rats: Role of ghrelin

AIM To explore the relationship between colonic secretory function and colonic motility. METHODS Using a rat model chronically implanted with intracerebroventricular (ICV) and cecal catheters, we validated the correlation between colonic secretion and colonic motor functions, as well as the role of ICV injection volume. RESULTS Compared to saline controls (5 μL/rat), ICV acyl ghrelin at 1 nmol/5 μL enhanced the total fecal weight, accelerated the colonic transit time, and increased the fecal pellet output during the first hour post-injection, while ICV des-acyl ghrelin at 1 nmol/5 μL only accelerated the colonic transit time. These stimulatory effects on colonic motility and/or secretion from acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin disappeared when the ICV injection volume increased to 10 μL compared with saline controls (10 μL/rat). Additionally, the ICV injection of 10 μL of saline significantly shortened the colonic transit time compared with the ICV injection of 5 μL of saline. The total fecal weight during the first hour post-injection correlated with the colonic transit time and fecal pellet output after the ICV injection of acyl ghrelin (1 nmol/5 μL), whereas the total fecal weight during the first hour post-injection correlated with the fecal pellet output but not the colonic transit time after the ICV injection of des-acyl ghrelin (1 nmol/5 μL). CONCLUSION Colonic secretion does not always correlate with colonic motility in response to different colonic stimulations. Acyl ghrelin stimulates colonic secretion.
A high-level and flexible framework for implementing multiuser user interfaces

We have developed a high-level and flexible framework for supporting the construction of multiuser interfaces. The framework is based on a generalized editing interaction model, which allows users to view programs as active data that can be concurrently edited by multiple users. It consists of several novel components including a refinement of both the Seeheim UIMS architecture and the distributed graphics architecture that explicitly addresses multiuser interaction; the abstractions of shared active variables and interaction variables, which allow users and applications to exchange information; a set of default collaboration rules designed to keep the collaboration-awareness low in multiuser programs; and a small but powerful set of primitives for overriding these rules. The framework allows users to be dynamically added and removed from a multiuser sesssion, different users to use different user interfaces to interact with an application, the modules interacting with a particular user to execute on the local workstation, and programmers to incrementally trade automation for flexibility. We have implemented the framework as part of a system called Suite. This paper motivates, describes, and illustrates the framework using the concrete example of Suite, discusses how it can be implemented in other kinds of systems, compares it with related work, discusses its shortcomings, and suggests directions for future work.
Modeling the Audience's Banner ad Exposure for Internet Advertising Planning

Exposure models focusing on reach and frequency where an audience is exposed to an ad message are the foundation of audience measurement. Given that a certain fundamental assumption of conventional exposure models is not relevant in the Internet advertising context, this paper suggests that the audience's on-line banner exposure can be best analyzed by its Web site visits. The negative binomial distribution (NBD) model, having long been applied in analyzing repeat behaviors, is proposed to serve as a banner ad exposure model. An empirical validation indicates that the model performs well in both data fitting and prediction.
Political marketing management and theories of democracy

Political marketing management is often criticized for devaluing democratic processes. However, no literature exists which outlines different concepts of democracies and systematically juxtaposes them with political marketing management in its varied conceptual and practical facets. In this article, we outline three different perspectives, i.e. a selling-oriented, an instrumentally-oriented, and a relational political marketing management, and analyse their compatibility with two different concepts of democracy, specifically competitive elitism and deliberative democracy. We discuss implications of political marketing vis-à-vis the theory of democracy as well as necessary further research. We find that while certain political marketing management perspectives are associated with different theories of democracy, the current normal paradigm of marketing theory shows the least overlap with democratic theories.
Preliminary assessment of pre‐morbid DNA methylation in individuals at high genetic risk of mood disorders

Accumulating evidence implicates altered DNA methylation in psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). It is not clear, however, whether these changes are causative or result from illness progression or treatment. To disentangle these possibilities we profiled genome‐wide DNA methylation in well, unrelated individuals at high familial risk of mood disorder. DNA methylation was compared between individuals who subsequently developed BD or MDD [ill later (IL)] and those who remained well [well later (WL)].
Detector for MLC NAND Flash Memory Using Neighbor-A-Priori Information

Cell-to-cell interference (CCI), arising from parasitic coupling-capacitance between adjacent cells, is a major factor for the degradation of cell threshold voltage in today's flash memory chips. In this paper, three novel postprocessing detection schemes that exploit the a priori information of neighboring/interfering cells for mitigating the CCI effect in multilevel cell NAND flash memory are presented. The proposed schemes are referred to as the Even-A-Priori (Even-AP), the All-A-Priori (All-AP), and the All-AP-coupling-capacitance ratio (CCR) detectors. The main idea is to remove the CCI component from the interfering cells before CCI cancellation from the victim cell. Specifically, the mean CCRs along the victim cell's vertical and diagonal directions are estimated to enable more accurate CCI cancellation. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the channel signal-to-noise ratio performance can be improved by up to 2 dB at a cell storage capacity of 1.8 bits/cell, which is significantly improved compared with some prior-art detection schemes.
Incentive framework using Shapley value for BitTorrent-like systems

BitTorrent is the dominating protocol in nearly all regions. Various reputation models and incentive mechanisms are proposed in recent years. However, many of them are designed for general peer-to-peer networks, only a few are designed for BitTorrent even though some models and mechanisms assert that they can be applied to BitTorrent-like systems. In this paper, we propose an incentive framework based on reputation history instead of tit-for-tat in BitTorrent. It is derived from the coalition games concept of Shapley value that will encourage selfish peers who seek to maximize their own profits to converge to Nash equilibrium. We show that this profit sharing framework exhibits several fairness properties that support the argument that this distribution of profit is desirable. Moreover, we improve SepRep reputation model and tailor it to the needs of BitTorrent protocol. In particular, we utilize the tracker of BitTorrent to process global reputation and trust values assisting the local values maintained by each peer.
Secondary prevention by stroke subtype: impact of the Korean experience.

This editorial refers to ‘Secondary prevention by stroke subtype: a nationwide follow-up study in 46 108 patients after acute ischaemic stroke’[†][1], by D. Kim et al. , on page 2760 The next best thing to a properly powered randomized trial in patients with vascular diseases is a large population-based prospective registry. Such a registry exists since 2002 in South Korea for stroke patients.1 Thirty large stroke centres collected baseline and mortality data from 56 230 patients with stroke, among them 46 108 patients with ischaemic stroke. The authors grouped the stroke aetiology according to the TOAST criteria. The most important subgroups were large vessel disease (34%), small vessel disease (24%), cardio-embolic stroke (16%), other defined causes (1.7%), undetermined cause (14.2%), and transient ischaemic attack (TIA; 7%). Large vessel disease is defined by a stenosis of >50% or occlusion of a brain-supplying artery. Small vessel disease causes small strokes in the deep white matter of the brain in patients with diabetes or hypertension ( Figure 1 ). Patients were followed up on average for 2.4 years, and mortality, the primary endpoint, was 22.5%. Other endpoints, e.g. stroke recurrence, were not assessed. Based … [1]: #fn-2
Google Spain v. González: Did the Court Forget about Freedom of Expression?

When reviewing a job application letter, going on a first date, or considering doing business with someone, the first thing many people do is entering the person's name in a search engine. A search engine can point searchers to information that would otherwise have remained obscure. If somebody searched for the name of Spanish lawyer Mario Costeja González, Google showed search results that included a link to a 1998 newspaper announcement implying he had financial troubles at the time. González wanted Google to stop showing those links and started a procedure in Spain. After some legal wrangling, the Spanish Audiencia Nacional (National High Court) asked the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) for advice on the application of the Data Protection Directive, which led to the controversial judgment in Google Spain. In its judgment, the CJEU holds that people, under certain conditions, have the right to have search results for their name delisted. This right can also extend to lawfully published information.
Characterization of Plasma Pencil Pulsed Discharge

In this paper, the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of plasma pencil generated at atmospheric pressure with pulsed voltage was studied. Single-electrode and two-electrode configurations to approximate the conditions during various material treatment have been compared. By means of time-resolved OES, particle behavior during pulse duration, particularly atomic and molecular components represented by Ar lines and OH band, has been studied. The axial distribution of the rotational and the electron temperature showed that the presence of conductive material in plasma jet increased the rotational and electron temperature and even influenced the particle behavior inside the plasma nozzle. Furthermore, it was found that rotational temperature can be easily controlled by the duty cycle.
Laser scar revision: A review

Abstract Surgery, burns, wounds, and inflammatory processes can lead to the development of a variety of different scars. Scars are categorized as hypertrophic, keloid, atrophic and acne scars. Different treatments are utilized for each scar type. The evolution of scar treatment has led to the advancement of lasers for the improvement of all scar types. Non-ablative lasers such as the pulsed dye laser have been shown to be effective in the treatment of hypertrophic and erythematous scars. Ablative lasers, the carbon dioxide (CO2) and erbium:YAG (Er:YAG), were some of the first lasers that were proven to be effective in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Further developments in laser technology have led to non-ablative and ablative fractional devices that improve scar appearance and are better tolerated than ablative CO2 and Er:YAG. This article will review scars and the laser options for scar revision.
Novel switch block architecture using non-volatile functional pass-gate for multi-context FPGAs

Dynamically-programmable gate arrays (DPGAs) promise lower-cost implementations than conventional FPGAs since they efficiently reuse limited hardware resources in time. One of typical DPGA architectures is a multi-context one. Multi-context FPGAs (MC-FPGAs) have multiple memory bits per configuration bit forming configuration planes for fast switching between contexts. The additional memory planes cause significant overhead in area and power consumption. To overcome the overhead, a fine-grained reconfigurable architecture called reconfigurable context memory (RCM) is presented based on the fact that there are redundancy and regularity in configuration bits between different contexts. A floating-MOS functional pass-gate, where storage and switch functions are merged, is used to construct the RCM area-efficiently.
Inhibition of replication and cytopathic effect of human T cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine in vitro

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III)/lymphadenopathy-associated virus is the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. The effect of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) on the HTLV-III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infection was quantitatively studied with HTLV type I-carrying MT-4 cells. The AZT compound inhibited HTLV-III-induced cytopathic effect and virus-specific antigen expression in MT-4 cells at concentrations of 5 and 10 microM. In addition, a plaque-forming assay was performed to assess the effect of AZT on virus replication in MT-4 cells freshly infected with HTLV-III and in continuous HTLV-III-producing Molt-4/HTLV-III cells. Results showed that AZT efficiently and effectively inhibited the replication of HTLV-III in infected MT-4 cells. AZT is a strong inhibitor of reverse transcriptase activity of HTLV-III as a triphosphate, to such a degree that even 1.0 pM azido-TTP inhibits 50% of reverse transcriptase activity. However, it did not show any effect in the HTLV-III-producing cell line Molt-4/HTLV-III. Thus, AZT has no effect on virus replication of an already integrated virus. When 5 microM AZT was added to HTLV-III-infected MT-4 within 20 h after infection, a striking suppressive effect was noticed. This concentration was much lower than that which inhibits the growth of MT-4 cells. These results confirm those found in a previous report (H. Mitsuya, K. J. Weinhold, P. S. Furman, H. S. Clair, S. N. Lehrman, R. C. Gallo, D. Bolognesi, D. W. Barry, and S. Broder, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7096-7100, 1985) and suggest that AZT might be used as an experimental antiviral agent for AIDS and AIDS-related complex.