Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Feature Selection Methods in Software Defect Prediction Models

Improving software quality by proactively detecting potential defects during development is a major goal of software engineering. Software defect prediction plays a central role in achieving this goal. The power of data analytics and machine learning allows us to focus our efforts where they are needed most. A key factor in the success of software fault prediction is selecting relevant features and reducing data dimensionality. Feature selection methods contribute by filtering out the most critical attributes from a plethora of potential features. These methods have the potential to significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of fault prediction models. However, the field of feature selection in the context of software fault prediction is vast and constantly evolving, with a variety of techniques and tools available. Based on these considerations, our systematic literature review conducts a comprehensive investigation of feature selection methods used in the context of software fault prediction. The research uses a refined search strategy involving four reputable digital libraries, including IEEE Explore, Science Direct, ACM Digital Library, and Springer Link, to provide a comprehensive and exhaustive review through a rigorous analysis of 49 selected primary studies from 2014. The results highlight several important issues. First, there is a prevalence of filtering and hybrid feature selection methods. Second, single classifiers such as Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and Decision Tree, as well as ensemble classifiers such as Random Forest, Bagging, and AdaBoost are commonly used. Third, evaluation metrics such as area under the curve, accuracy, and F-measure are commonly used for performance evaluation. Finally, there is a clear preference for tools such as WEKA, MATLAB, and Python. By providing insights into current trends and practices in the field, this study offers valuable guidance to researchers and practitioners to make informed decisions to improve software fault prediction models and contribute to the overall improvement of software quality.
COVID-19 Lockdown's Effect on Building Construction Projects in Kathmandu Valley Nepal

This research intends to assess the critical factors as an effect of COVID-19 lockdown on selected building construction projects within the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. The research identifies “Health and Safety risk management” as the most critical factor compared to the other critical components namely supply chain operation, contractual and construction financial market. This research focuses on utilizing systematic partial least squares structural equation modeling to assess the effect of COVID-19 lockdown. Further, it seeks to demonstrate the direct relationships between COVID-19 effects and the critical factors that have been affected as a result of the pandemic. The study considers these factors as essential components in assessing the overall impact of COVID-19. This study attempts to evaluate and examine the significant pandemic effects on building construction projects. Nepal-based construction firms, government agencies, and non-government organizations were surveyed to identify critical factors affected by COVID-19 in building projects. The quantitative design method of this study included the use of smart partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), one of the statistical tools. Information like the fundamentals of the project, its state, etc., have been considered. 104 valid responses were received out of 130 questionnaires distributed supported at less than 1 % significance level. The inner structural model analysis, with a highest value of 7.014 and a beta value of 0.474, highlights the significance of the relationship between safety and risk management factors and COVID-19 effect in building construction projects. This relationship stands out as highly significant when compared to other constructs examined in the study. The findings underscore the crucial role of safety and risk management practices in mitigating the effects of the pandemic on construction projects.
Anti-inflammatory activity of electron-deficient organometallics

We report an evaluation of the cytotoxicity of a series of electron-deficient (16-electron) half-sandwich precious metal complexes of ruthenium, osmium and iridium ([Os/Ru(η6-p-cymene)(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-dithiolato)] (1/2), [Ir(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene)(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-dithiolato)] (3), [Os/Ru(η6-p-cymene)(benzene-1,2-dithiolato)] (4/5) and [Ir(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene)(benzene-1,2-dithiolato)] (6)) towards RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and MRC-5 fibroblast cells. Complexes 3 and 6 were found to be non-cytotoxic. The anti-inflammatory activity of 1–6 was evaluated in both cell lines after nitric oxide (NO) production and inflammation response induced by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the stimulus. All metal complexes were shown to exhibit dose-dependent inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production on both cell lines. Remarkably, the two iridium complexes 3 and 6 trigger a full anti-inflammatory response against LPS-induced NO production, which opens up new avenues for the development of non-cytotoxic anti-inflammatory drug candidates with distinct structures and solution chemistry from that of organic drugs, and as such with potential novel mechanisms of action.
Protein – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Proteins are needed for providing essential amino acids, nitrogen, and fuel for the body’s needs in all age groups. Proteins are especially required during active growth in pregnancy, lactation, childhood, and tissue growth in general. An adequate protein intake is needed in old adults to avoid premature muscle loss. According to the current dietary surveys, protein intake in the Nordic and Baltic countries varies from 15 to 19% of the total energy intake in adults. Comprehensive data regarding children and older adults are lacking. No good measure for protein status exists, and the estimation of physiological requirements is based on N-balance studies having some weaknesses. Protein quality is assessed by considering the protein digestibility of individual indispensable amino acids and their utilization (bioavailability), which is affected by food antinutrients and processing. The evidence regarding the association of protein intake per se with health outcomes is limited or suggestive. It is difficult to separate from the effect of other nutrients or ingredients in protein-rich foods. Proteins are widespread in foods, deriving from both animal and plant sources. Animal-sourced protein production puts more strain on the environment than plant-sourced proteins and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, thereby enhancing climate change. In Nordic and Baltic countries, consumption of animal-sourced proteins is relatively high. A shift toward more plant-based protein diets would be advisable for promoting a healthy and sustainable diet.
The Influence of Switchgrass Establishment on Soil Organic Matter Pools in an Agricultural Landscape

Agricultural activities have significant impacts on global biogeochemical cycles, particularly carbon and nitrogen. Conventional row-crop agriculture accelerates the decomposition of soil organic matter, contributing to atmospheric carbon and declining soil fertility. Planting perennial warm season grasses is a useful management alternative to row crop agriculture because these species have been shown to be effective at increasing soil carbon storage and retaining nitrogen. The objectives of this research were to examine how converting row crops to a native perennial warm season grass (Panicum virgatum L., common name switchgrass) influences the recovery of soil organic matter fractions and nitrogen retention within an agricultural watershed in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Soil samples were analyzed for total carbon and nitrogen, three particulate organic matter fractions, root biomass, mineralizable carbon and nitrogen pools, and microbial biomass. Surprisingly, I observed significant declines in bulk soil organic matter and surface particulate organic matter pools following switchgrass establishment. There were no differences in mineralizable carbon and microbial biomass pools between row crop and switchgrass soils, but labile carbon pools and nitrogen immobilization increased as switchgrass stands matured. These results are potentially due to switchgrass litter inputs stimulating microbial communities and accelerating the decomposition of recalcitrant soil organic matter, leading to declines in soil organic carbon stocks. The results from this study will be used to understand the environmental and economic benefits of implementing switchgrass plantings in agricultural watershed as a means to mitigate agriculturally-induced effects on carbon storage and nitrogen retention in soils.
Development of a Physical Therapy Telehealth Examination Battery for People with Parkinson Disease

Scope: The rapid transition to telehealth following the COVID-19 pandemic raised challenges for remote delivery of physical therapy. One challenge was identifying outcome measures for people with Parkinson Disease (PwP) that could safely be conducted via telehealth. This paper evaluates the feasibility of a telehealth physical therapy examination battery for PwP in early to middle stage of disease progression. Methodology: We reviewed recommended outcome measures from the American Physical Therapy Association's Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy (ANPT) Parkinson Evidence Database to Guide Effectiveness (EDGE) document and evaluated their appropriateness for remote administration. A clinical decision tree was created to streamline the examination process, incorporating elements of the ANPT movement analysis of tasks as a movement screen. The examination battery was then conducted on three PwP and evaluated for safety and feasibility. Conclusion: This physical therapy telehealth examination battery provides physical therapists with a method to conduct safe and efficient remote assessments for PwP.
Immunoinformatics-aided rational design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting feline infectious peritonitis virus

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a grave and frequently lethal ailment instigated by feline coronavirus (FCoV) in wild and domestic feline species. The spike (S) protein of FCoV assumes a critical function in viral ingress and infection, thereby presenting a promising avenue for the development of a vaccine. In this investigation, an immunoinformatics approach was employed to ascertain immunogenic epitopes within the S-protein of FIP and formulate an innovative vaccine candidate. By subjecting the amino acid sequence of the FIP S-protein to computational scrutiny, MHC-I binding T-cell epitopes were predicted, which were subsequently evaluated for their antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity through in silico tools. Our analyses yielded the identification of 11 potential epitopes capable of provoking a robust immune response against FIPV. Additionally, molecular docking analysis demonstrated the ability of these epitopes to bind with feline MHC class I molecules. Through the utilization of suitable linkers, these epitopes, along with adjuvants, were integrated to design a multi-epitope vaccine candidate. Furthermore, the stability of the interaction between the vaccine candidate and feline Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was established via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyses. This suggests good prospects for future experimental validation to ascertain the efficacy of our vaccine candidate in inducing a protective immune response against FIP.
A Single-Stage Boost Derived Switched-Capacitor- Based PFC Converter for EV Applications

Power factor correction (PFC) converters based on the boost design have gained popularity due to their superior current input features and excellent power quality. In applications with lower output than the input, a common approach is to use a two-stage topology. This method reduces the output voltage but increases the component count and losses, resulting in higher costs. This article proposes a switched-capacitor-based single-phase, single-stage boost PFC converter. The proposed converter improves the output voltage regulation and reduces switch voltage stress even at higher input voltages. Moreover, due to self-balanced capacitor voltages, control complexity is also reduced. This article discusses the operation concept, design approach, modeling, steady-state, and dynamic performance to support the proposed converter's feasibility at 1-kW operation. The converter has an input voltage range of 90–270 V ac. It can generate a regulated dc output voltage of 72–400 V while adhering to the strict input current total harmonic distortion limits established by IEC61000-3-2. In addition, the converter maintains a near-unity power factor at the input.
Latest Developments in LIBS for Distinction of Coal and Waste Rock in Explosive Areas

1 Einleitung Laut der World Coal Association (WCA) ist Kohle mit einem Anteil von über 41,1 % immer noch der Hauptenergielieferant der Welt und somit eine der wichtigsten Energieressourcen. Im Jahr 2014 lag die Gesamtproduktion bei 8.022,5 Mio. t und erreichte somit ein neues Rekordhoch in der Produktion. Gleichzeitig ist der Preis für Kohle innerhalb der letzten fünf Jahre von 70 €/t auf knapp 40 €/t gesunken. Dies verdeutlicht den großen wirtschaftlichen Druck auf die Produzenten, der dafür sorgt, dass die Kohleproduktion nicht nur günstiger, sondern vor allem effizienter gestaltet werden muss. Um die Produktivität der Kohlegewinnung zu steigern, ist es notwendig, den Förderstrom aus den Bergwerken zu reduzieren. Dies lässt sich beispielsweise dadurch erreichen, dass möglichst kein Nebengestein hereingewonnen wird. Somit wird gleichzeitig die Reinheit des Förderstroms optimiert und nachgeschaltete Aufbereitungsprozesse werden ebenfalls günstiger. Auf der anderen Seite existiert jedoch noch kein Verfahren, das die autonome Unterscheidung von Kohle und Nebengestein zulässt, wenngleich auch vielversprechende Technologien existieren (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
Vagrancy and colonization of St. Thomas and St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, by Adelaide’s Warblers (Setophaga adelaidae)

Abstract: We identified and photographed five Adelaide’s Warblers (Setophaga adelaidae) in the Lameshur Bay area on the southeastern corner of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, during January 2015, and found eight birds in the same area during January 2016. Adelaide’s Warblers, endemic to Puerto Rico and Vieques Island, the latter 67 km to the southwest of St. John, were first recorded in the U.S. Virgin Islands in 2012–2013 on both St. Thomas and St. John. We suggest that vagrancy of Adelaide’s Warblers to the U.S. Virgin Islands, against prevailing easterly trade winds, may represent in real time the island colonization process of some passerine birds in the West Indies. Keywords: Adelaide’s Warbler, colonization, island biogeography, St. John, St. Thomas, Setophaga adelaidae, U.S. Virgin Islands, vagrancy, West Indies Resumen: En enero de 2015, identificamos y fotografiamos a cinco individuos de Reinita Mariposera (Setophaga adelaidae) en el área de la Bahía Lameshur, en el extremo sudeste de San Juan, Islas Vírgenes estadounidenses. También encontramos ocho individuos en la misma zona en enero de 2016. Reinita Mariposera, endémica de las islas de Puerto Rico y Vieques y cuyo punto más cercano a San Juan dista 67 km, fue registrada por primera vez en las Islas Vírgenes estadounidenses en 2012–2013 en ambas islas: Santo Tomás y San Juan. Sugerimos que la divagancia de Reinita Mariposera en las Islas Vírgenes estadounidenses en contra de los vientos alisios predominantes del este pueden representar, en tiempo real, el proceso de colonización de una isla por parte de especies paseriformes en el Caribe Insular. Palabras clave: biogeografía insular, Caribe Insular, colonización, divagancia, Islas Vírgenes estadounidenses, Reinita Mariposera, San Juan, Santo Tomás, Setophaga adelaidae Résumé: Nous avons identifié et photographié cinq Parulines d’Adélaïde (Setophaga adelaidae) dans la région de Lameshur Bay au sud-est de St-John (Îles Vierges américaines), en janvier 2015, et nous avons trouvé huit individus dans la même région en janvier 2016. La Paruline d’Adélaïde, espèce endémique des îles de Porto Rico et de Vieques - cette dernière étant située à 67 km au sud-ouest de St-John - a été mentionnée à St-Thomas et St-John (Îles Vierges américaines) pour la première fois en 2012–2013. Nous estimons que l’erratisme de la Paruline d’Adélaïde aux Îles Vierges américaines, contre les alizés dominants de secteur est, pourrait illustrer en temps réel le processus de colonisation des Antilles par les passereaux. Mots clés: Antilles, biogéographie insulaire, colonisation, erratisme, Îles Vierges américaines, Paruline d’Adélaïde, St-John, St-Thomas, Setophaga adelaidae
Population ecology and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has received considerable attention in meteorol ogy in the context of climate change, where its influence on wintertime warming throughout Northern Europe has been well-documented. Here, after reviewing reports of influences of the NAO on changes in abundance of organisms in marine and terres trial ecosystems, we develop a case study of the population ecology of red deer Cervus elaphus in relation to climate change by analyzing previously published data. In both Sor-Trondelag, Norway, and Rum, Scotland, total abundance of red deer increased two years after increasingly warm winters. In Norway, this increase operated through en hanced cohort-specific fecundity of 2-yr old hinds, which was not related to density. On Rum, the two-year delayed increase in abundance was attributable to increases in annu al fecundity of three-year old hinds and milk hinds, as well as survival of yearling fe males. Additionally, the NAO influenced abundance on Rum through density-inde pendent mortality of adults, and may have exerted an indirect regulatory influence through annual fecundity of 3-yr old hinds, the only parameter observed to decline with rising female abundance. In contrast, however, in Sor-Trondelag, survival of neither yearlings nor adults was related to winter harshness, suggesting a lack of influence of the NAO on these potentially regulating factors. These relationships indicate that global change may produce similar responses in the dynamics of red deer in both populations, but through different mechanisms.
Crop Residue Management and Soil Carbon Dynamics

Crop residues, comprising both aboveand belowground biomass fractions remaining in the fi eld aft er harvest, infl uence the global carbon cycle and terrestrial carbon budget. The soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics are intrinsically related to the quantity, quality, and degree of decomposition of crop residues. Decomposing crop residues aff ect SOC dynamics by altering the labile and passive SOC pools, releasing C in the form of gaseous emissions, and moderating soil and environmental conditions responsible for SOC turnover and storage. The magnitude of gains and losses of residue-derived C in the soil depends on soil management, tillage, cropping system, and climate. Residue retention, combined with the use of reduced-tillage and no-tillage (NT) practices, is a viable option for enhancing SOC storage in soil. Accumulation of SOC occurs only when residueC inputs exceed residue-C outputs and soil disturbance is minimized. The input of crop residue‒derived C must exceed losses by emissions, erosion, and leaching for any measurable SOC gains based on the mass balance of the soil C pool. A prudent residue management strategy is thus crucial to managing and storing SOC while maintaining or improving soil and environmental quality. At present, there are four major competing uses of crop residues: soil and water conservation, animal feed and bedding, biofuel feedstocks, and industrial raw material. This chapter discusses the importance of crop residues to SOC dynamics and storage, as well as the implications of the expanded use of crop residues as biofuel feedstocks. It is not the intent of this chapter to exhaustively review the eff ects of varying types of crop residues and their management on soil organic matt er but rather to emphasize the specifi c impacts of crop residue (e.g., corn stover) removal for expanded uses (e.g., biofuel production) on SOC pool and dynamics.
THE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE ALCOHOL EXTRACT OF NETTLE LEAVES

The purpose of this research is the extraction of phenolic compounds from nettle leaves, grown in urban conditions, with different concentrations of ethanol and the study of the antioxidant properties of these extracts. Nettle (Urtica dioica) is a great source of bioactive compounds. The content of biologically active compounds in nettle leaves depends on the growing conditions of the plant. Analysis of the electronic spectra of the extract shows that all extracts contain aurones and coumarins, hydroxybenzoic acid and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity (AO) of polyphenols in alcoholic extracts of nettle was studied using the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). It was found that the total amount of biologically active substances is greatest in a 70% ethanol solution of nettle leaves, but the antioxidant activity is higher in a 95% solution. The total amount of flavonoids in the leaves of urban nettles is higher than in the leaves of the nettle grown in the meadow. Perhaps this is connected with the process of the plant’s protective mechanisms caused by air pollution in the city.
Deterministic Stress Intensity Factor of a Railway Axle under Adverse Running Condition

Although railway axles are a crucial part of railway vehicles, they are susceptible to long-term failure because of repeated loads. The aim of this research is to investigate the stress intensity factor (SIF) of a surface elliptical crack on a high-speed railway axle under various operating conditions. The study employs numerical analysis to explore the impact of press-fitting, rotary bending, stable and adverse running conditions on the SIF solutions. The main findings demonstrate that adverse running conditions, such as the press-fitting force, asymmetric vehicle weight, lateral force and wheel-rail contact force, can significantly increase the SIF values and result in axle failure. The press-fitting effect and rotary bending also have a significant impact on the SIF values, highlighting their importance in the railway axle design and analysis. The outcome of this research emphasizes the significance of accurately estimating SIF values to ensure the safe and reliable performance of railway axles in adverse operating conditions.