Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From 'Neuroscience Applied to Marketing' to 'Integrative Neuromarketing'

Regardless of how much people talk about neuromarketing, neuroscience's real penetrance in the realm of marketing research is unimpressive in Brazil and throughout the world, in direct opposition to its well-known potential. Several factors explain this situation: the neuromarketing community includes much more people trying to take some advantage by talking about neuromarketing than people that know how to program and conduct experiments in this area; several mistaken notions among others, partially correct, but evidently mistreated are spread, weaken neuromarketing' image as a serious technique. But, beyond these minor aspects, a factor that deserves special consideration is the inexistence of an appropriate basis to define synergic relations with the naturalist techniques that we all know to be indispensable to marketing research. This assay introduces some original ideas regarding the field's state of the art and limitations, from a standpoint that is settled in a solid experience in neuroscience programming in marketing and neuroeconomy, and introduces a new methodology which may serve as a basis to the development of more efficient and integrative versions of neuromarketing. © Cien. Cogn. 2012; Vol. 17 (1): 178-189. Ensaio Ciencias & Cognicao 2012; Vol 17 (1): 178-189 © Ciencias & Cognicao Submetido em 05/10/2011 | Aceito em 19/04/2012 | ISSN 1806-5821 – Publicado on line em 30 de abril de 2012  A.M. Dias – Endereco para correspondencia: Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires Campos, s/n, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil. Telefone para contato: +55-11-30698132. E-mail para correspondencia: alvaromd@usp.br. ie ci s ic ; l ( ): tt :// . cie ciasec ica . r ie ci s ic eti e / / | ceit e / / | I lica li e e e a ril e
A Survey on Level of Occupational Satisfaction among Managers of Iran Public Libraries Foundation in Centers of Provinces

Purpose: This research has been performed to determine the level of occupational satisfaction among managers of Iran Public Libraries Foundation in center of provinces. Methodology: The methodology of this research is of survey type and a questionnaire made by the researchers was used. The population under study included all managers of Iran Public Libraries Foundation in center of provinces, i.e. 189 individuals. Findings: According to research findings, average level of occupational satisfaction among managers is 81.54, while the desired level is 135. However, since the average level of occupational satisfaction in this study was more than 81, occupational satisfaction of the managers under study was a bit higher than average level. Average level of occupational satisfaction was lower than mean level in following dimensions: concerning occupational welfare, it was 8.47 (average mean = 12); its level concerning self-development was 14.80 (average mean = 18); concerning occupational nature, it was 20.94 (average mean = 21). Also the average level of occupational satisfaction was higher than mean level in following dimensions: concerning the attitude of top managers, its level was 15.41 (average mean = 12); its level concerning mutual relations was 11.55 (average mean = 9); concerning occupational stability, it was 9.44 (average mean = 9). Furthermore, hypothesis 1 was confirmed, stating that the level of occupational satisfaction of managers regarding occupational welfare is significantly lower than other dimensions; nonetheless, hypothesis 2 which stated the existence of a significant difference among average levels of occupational satisfaction of librarians based on their educational major was rejected. Originality/Value: This research has been carried out for gathering information about the occupational satisfaction among managers in Iran Public Libraries Foundation. It also presents fundamental issues in librarianship and information science which require further in-depth studies.
Workshop on Database Issues in Biological Databases Contents Exploring and Exploiting the Biological Maze towards a Taxonomically Intelligent Phylogentic Database Rod Page 2 Mmd-a Mathematically Modelling Database for Cell Signalling Pathways Creating a Medicinal Plant Database Using the Functional 

This note outlines some of the key intellectual obstacles that stand in the way of creating a usable phylogenetic database. These challenges include the need to accommodate multiple taxonomic names and classifications, and the need for tools to query trees in biologically meaningful ways. Until these problems are addressed, and a taxonomically intelligent phylogenetic database created, much of our phylogenetic knowledge will languish in the pages of journals.
The development of language resources for Maltese

This paper describes two aspects of the work going on to computerise resources for the Maltese language. The first part describes work on labelling and annotation of spoken Maltese to generate a database suitable for use in deriving speech and speaker recognition tools. It also describes an interactive development system SSUNN that is being used for this work. The second part describes approaches taken in the Maltilex project to the problem of discovering an exhaustive list of headwords for a computational lexicon of Maltese.
Differential activation of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis after stress in the rat: use of two genetically selected lines (Roman low- and high-avoidance rats) as a model.

We have examined the activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis in two lines of rats, the Roman high (RHA)- and low (RLA)-avoidance rats known to be emotionally different. These rats are selected for rapid acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response (RHA) compared with failure to acquire this response (RLA). In this study the endocrine response (ACTH, corticosterone, aldosterone) of RLA and RHA rats to two types of stress was examined: exposure to open-field stress for 10 min (Op) or exposure to ether vapours for 3 min (E). Basal plasma ACTH concentrations were lower in RLA than in RHA rats (RLA: 110.8 +/- 24.5 ng/l; RHA: 252.7 +/- 60.8 ng/l, P less than 0.05) but the absolute values of ACTH reached after both types of stress were comparable between RLA and RHA rats. Plasma corticosterone and aldosterone under resting conditions were not different between RLA and RHA rats. Plasma corticosterone was higher in RLA following openfield stress (P less than 0.05) while no differences between RLA and RHA were observed after ether stress (RHA: basal = 66 +/- 14.nmol/l, Op = 384 +/- 55, E = 606 +/- 75; RLA: basal = 121 +/- 52, Op = 612 +/- 92, E = 698 +/- 89). Stress-induced increases in plasma aldosterone were higher in the RLA line after both types of stress (RHA: basal = 175 +/- 36 pmol/l, Op = 546 +/- 53, E = 563 +/- 47; RLA: basal = 272 +/- 64, Op = 1246 +/- 91, E = 863 +/- 72).
The physiological basis of heterochromatic flicker photometry demonstrated in the ganglion cells of the macaque retina.

1. Heterochromatic flicker photometry is a way of measuring the spectral sensitivity of the human eye. Two lights of different colour are sinusoidally alternated at, typically, 10‐20 Hz, and their relative intensities adjusted by the observer until the sensation of flicker is minimized. This technique has been used to define the human photopic luminosity, or V lambda, function on which photometry is based. 2. We have studied the responses of macaque retinal ganglion cells using this stimulus paradigm. The responses of the phasic ganglion cells go through a minimum at relative radiances very similar to that predicted from the V lambda function. At this point, defined as equal luminance, an abrupt change in response phase was observed. A small residual response at twice the flicker frequency was apparent under some conditions. 3. The spectral sensitivity of parafoveal phasic cells measured in this way corresponded very closely to that of human observers minimizing flicker on the same apparatus. 4. Minima in phasic cell activity were independent of flicker frequency, as is the case in the psychophysical task. 5. The response minima of phasic cells obey the laws of additivity and transitivity which are important characteristics of heterochromatic flicker photometry. 6. As the relative intensities of the lights were altered responses of tonic, spectrally opponent cells usually underwent a gradual phase change with vigorous responses at equal luminance. The responses of tonic cells treated individually or as a population could not be related to the V lambda function in any meaningful way. 7. We conclude that the phasic, magnocellular cell system of the primate visual pathway underlies performance in the psychophysical task of heterochromatic flicker photometry. It is likely that other tasks in which spectral sensitivity conforms to the V lambda function also rely on this cell system.
CD4+CD25+ T Cells Regulate Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation by Modulating the Th2 Cell Phenotype1

We used a TCR-transgenic mouse to investigate whether Th2-mediated airway inflammation is influenced by Ag-specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. CD4+CD25+ T cells from DO11.10 mice expressed the transgenic TCR and mediated regulatory activity. Unexpectedly, depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells before Th2 differentiation markedly reduced the expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA and protein when compared with unfractionated (total) CD4+ Th2 cells. The CD4+CD25−-derived Th2 cells also expressed decreased levels of IL-10 but were clearly Th2 polarized since they did not produce any IFN-γ. Paradoxically, adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25−-derived Th2 cells into BALB/c mice induced an elevated airway eosinophilic inflammation in response to OVA inhalation compared with recipients of total CD4+ Th2 cells. The pronounced eosinophilia was associated with reduced levels of IL-10 and increased amounts of eotaxin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This Th2 phenotype characterized by reduced Th2 cytokine expression appeared to remain stable in vivo, even after repeated exposure of the animals to OVA aerosols. Our results demonstrate that the immunoregulatory properties of CD4+CD25+ T cells do extend to Th2 responses. Specifically, CD4+CD25+ T cells play a key role in modulating Th2-mediated pulmonary inflammation by suppressing the development of a Th2 phenotype that is highly effective in vivo at promoting airway eosinophilia. Conceivably, this is partly a consequence of regulatory T cells facilitating the production of IL-10.
Adaptive eLearning and the Learning GRID

One important aim of LeGE-WG is the integration of new eLearning methodologies into Learning Grid technology. A central issue in these new eLearning methodologies is the concept of individualised and personalised learning to be realised by adaptive tutoring systems. The adaptivity of such systems goes far beyond adapting to the users' preferences with respect to the user interface; in co-operation between computer science, psychology, and pedagogy, systems adapting, e.g., to the individual learners' current knowledge, cultural background, learning style, or special needs are developed. Adaptive tutoring systems can be integrated into a Learning Grid at different levels of ambitiousness. We will discuss these different levels of integration based on our prior experiences with respect to reusability of adaptive learning resources.
Early Immersive Culture Mixing

Why some multicultural individuals think and identify differently to others is a question that is yet to be clearly answered. We suggest that a key antecedent to psychological differences among multiculturals is early immersive culture mixing, or experiencing multiple cultures simultaneously at home while growing up. We propose that innate multiculturals (defined as individuals who have experienced early immersive culture mixing) are cognitively guided by a single hybrid cultural schema and have a hybrid cultural identity. This would make them fundamentally different from achieved multiculturals (individuals who have become multicultural in other ways), who should possess multiple distinct cultural schemas and cultural identities. A quasi-experiment indicated that, as predicted, innate multiculturals were guided by a single cultural frame with respect to attribution and locus of attention, whereas achieved multiculturals switched between different cultural frames. Innate multiculturals also reported a more integrated cultural identity than did achieved multiculturals. These findings open a new avenue in multiculturalism research, with important potential implications of early immersive culture mixing for a range of individual outcomes such as creativity.
Assay Conditions and the Demonstration of Nitroimidazole Resistance in Tritrichomonas foetus

Tritrichomonas foetus KV1, a nitroimidazole-susceptible strain, and KV1/M100, its nitroimidazole-resistant daughter strain, differed markedly in their in vivo susceptibility to metronidazole. In vitro susceptibility testing in multiwell plates and tubes with different trichomonad media containing no, or low concentrations of, ascorbate demonstrated that the resistant strain behaves like the susceptible one, if tested under anaerobic conditions (deep cultures in tubes or multiwell plates in anaerobic jars), but shows resistance if tested in the presence of air (multiwell plates exposed to air). In media containing high concentrations of ascorbate, no resistance was observed even in air. The results suggest that the two strains differ in the regulation of internal redox systems and underscore the role testing methods may play in the in vitro detection of nitroimidazole-resistant protozoan parasites.
Path Dependence, Political Competition, and Renewable Energy Policy: A Dynamic Model

Climate change mitigation requires sustainable energy transitions, but the political dynamics of these transitions are poorly understood. This article presents a general dynamic model of energy policy with long time horizons, endogenous electoral competition, and techno-political path dependence. Calibrating the model with data on the economics of contemporary renewable energy technologies, we show that partisan ideology produces large effects on energy policy if the competing parties disagree on the importance of energy policy in general. Endogenous electoral competition further strengthens these effects, provided the electorate considers energy policy an important issue. In addition, our model displays path dependence in the specific sense that the outcome depends on the historical order of elections. The results demonstrate that political dynamics could have large effects on the development of renewable energy and carbon dioxide emissions over time.
Circulating MicroRNAs: a novel class of biomarkers to diagnose and monitor human cancers

Specific and sensitive non‐invasive biomarkers for the detection of human epithelial malignancies are urgently required to reduce the worldwide morbidity and mortality caused by cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19–24 nt noncoding RNAs that are frequently dysregulated in cancer and have shown great promise as tissue‐based markers for cancer classification. Once thought to be unstable RNA molecules, miRNAs are now shown to be stably expressed in serum, plasma, urine, saliva, and other body fluids. Moreover, the unique expression patterns of these circulating miRNAs are correlated with certain human diseases, including various types of cancer. Therefore, tumor‐derived miRNAs in serum or plasma are emerging as novel blood‐based fingerprints for the detection of human cancers, especially at an early stage. This review presented newly uncovered cellular and molecular mechanisms of the sources and stability of circulating miRNAs, revealing their great potential as a class of highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for tumor classification and prognostication. Meanwhile, this review also addressed certain critical issues that hinder the wide application of this new approach. Some potential challenges for the transition of circulating miRNAs from a research setting to a clinical application were also highlighted, with a future perspective of the incorporation of circulating miRNAs in the field of clinical oncology, especially their great potential from diagnostic to prognostic and predictive applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Multichannel-Sensing Scheduling and Transmission-Energy Optimizing in Cognitive Radio Networks with Energy Harvesting

This paper considers cognitive radio networks (CRNs) utilizing multiple time-slotted primary channels in which cognitive users (CUs) are powered by energy harvesters. The CUs are under the consideration that hardware constraints on radio devices only allow them to sense and transmit on one channel at a time. For a scenario where the arrival of harvested energy packets and the battery capacity are finite, we propose a scheme to optimize (i) the channel-sensing schedule (consisting of finding the optimal action (silent or active) and sensing order of channels) and (ii) the optimal transmission energy set corresponding to the channels in the sensing order for the operation of the CU in order to maximize the expected throughput of the CRN over multiple time slots. Frequency-switching delay, energy-switching cost, correlation in spectrum occupancy across time and frequency and errors in spectrum sensing are also considered in this work. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated via simulation. The simulation results show that the throughput of the proposed scheme is greatly improved, in comparison to related schemes in the literature. The collision ratio on the primary channels is also investigated.
The Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB): item bank calibration and development of a disorder-generic short form.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to calibrate the items for the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB; Baylor, Yorkston, Eadie, Miller, & Amtmann, 2009; Yorkston et al., 2008) using item response theory (IRT). One overriding objective was to examine whether the IRT item parameters would be consistent across different diagnostic groups, thereby allowing creation of a disorder-generic instrument. The intended outcomes were the final item bank and a short form ready for clinical and research applications. METHOD Self-report data were collected from 701 individuals representing 4 diagnoses: multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and head and neck cancer. Participants completed the CPIB and additional self-report questionnaires. CPIB data were analyzed using the IRT graded response model. RESULTS The initial set of 94 candidate CPIB items were reduced to an item bank of 46 items demonstrating unidimensionality, local independence, good item fit, and good measurement precision. Differential item functioning analyses detected no meaningful differences across diagnostic groups. A 10-item, disorder-generic short form was generated. CONCLUSIONS The CPIB provides speech-language pathologists with a unidimensional, self-report outcomes measurement instrument dedicated to the construct of communicative participation. This instrument may be useful to clinicians and researchers wanting to implement measures of communicative participation in their work.
Persuaded Under Pressure: Evidence from the National Football League

We exploit a natural experiment within each National Football League game, finding the first evidence in professional sports that referees succumb to the pressures of satisfying team personnel in the vicinity of possible violations. Using generalized additive models for binomial outcomes, we show that these sideline‐based differences in penalty rates, which are observed on common but influential penalties including pass interference and holding, peak near the centralized location of players and coaches on the sideline. With sizable interests in referee decisions, coaches and players often try to manipulate referee behavior with verbal and nonverbal communications; such actions appear to be persuasive.
Set-top box-based communication client with the automatic operation profile selection

The introduction of IP-based services to the realm of television broadcasting, television receivers and set-top boxes, opened possibilities for different, new applications for the users in front of their TV screens. IPTV, IP-based communications, social networking and web browsing are among the newest addons to the traditional digital TV concepts. This paper presents an integration concept and the implemented solution of a communication client application for a set-top box device. The communication client is provided as an add-on to the set-top box in the form of USB flash thumb drive. In addition to the voice call and messages, more advanced challenges are recognized and implemented for this application, with regard to the ubiquitous computing concept: context-aware features including an automatic profile selection based on the activities and the availability of people watching the TV, as calculated by the use of embedded sensors and proposed algorithms; the announcement of the selected profile by the use of RGB lighting effects for the RF-controlled RGB luminaires in the living room. These suggested features aim to improve the two most general usability problems of communication client applications applied to the specific set-top box solution. Firstly, interrupting the users by the notifications produced by the application can induce negative effects to user satisfaction and/or stress, if those notifications unexpectedly occur during engaging activities, such as watching the favorite TV show or talking to a friend in the room. Therefore, automatic profile selection based on detected user activities can mitigate these situations and provide the most suitable means of notifying the user for each specific situation of his/her engagement. Secondly, ignorance of the selected profile by other people interacting in person is accounted for by the announcement of the availability by using lighting stimuli.
Mechanisms for Timing Error Detection and Handling

Design and analysis of real-time systems is heavily based on knowing worst-case execution times (WCET) of periodic threads and aperiodic servers. Accurately measuring WCET, however, is often difficult and sometimes impossible, for several reasons: • Interrupts in the system, which either execute longer than expected or occur more frequently than anticipated may steal critical execution time from the highest priority threads. • Variations in processing speed due to caching, pipelining, and bus arbitration may alter WCET. • There is no easy way to accurately measure execution times of embedded code. As long as scheduling policies are based on WCET, these difficulties in measuring WCET inevitably lead to timing errors in the system. Many of these errors go undetected until more catastrophic failures occur, and others result in the system failing to meet its specifications, but with non-obvious reasons as to the cause of such failures. We have created low-overhead policy-independent realtime operating system (RTOS) mechanisms, which detect and handle these types of timing errors. The mechanisms can be used with a variety of common scheduling algorithms, and serve as the basis for easily extending these policies to incorporate aperiodic servers, soft real-time threads, imprecise computations, and adaptive real-time scheduling. The mechanisms have been incorporated into the Chimera RTOS [9].