Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All Words Domain Adapted WSD: Finding a Middle Ground between Supervision and Unsupervision

In spite of decades of research on word sense disambiguation (WSD), all-words general purpose WSD has remained a distant goal. Many supervised WSD systems have been built, but the effort of creating the training corpus - annotated sense marked corpora - has always been a matter of concern. Therefore, attempts have been made to develop unsupervised and knowledge based techniques for WSD which do not need sense marked corpora. However such approaches have not proved effective, since they typically do not better Wordnet first sense baseline accuracy. Our research reported here proposes to stick to the supervised approach, but with far less demand on annotation. We show that if we have ANY sense marked corpora, be it from mixed domain or a specific domain, a small amount of annotation in ANY other domain can deliver the goods almost as if exhaustive sense marking were available in that domain. We have tested our approach across Tourism and Health domain corpora, using also the well known mixed domain SemCor corpus. Accuracy figures close to self domain training lend credence to the viability of our approach. Our contribution thus lies in finding a convenient middle ground between pure supervised and pure unsupervised WSD. Finally, our approach is not restricted to any specific set of target words, a departure from a commonly observed practice in domain specific WSD.
Contrasting metamorphic P–T–time paths of the Kohistan granulites and tectonics of the western Himalayas

In the Swat-Indus Kohistan area, lower crustal rocks of the Kohistan arc including amphibolites, granulites and ultramafic rocks are widely exposed. Detailed petrological-structural studies reveal that the Chilas-Jijal metamorphic complex comprises essentially intermediate- to high-pressure granulites with a granulite/amphibolite transition controlled by extensive retrograde metamorphism and ductile deformation. Contrasting patterns of compositional zoning in garnet and orthopyroxene suggest complicated P–T paths in the granulites. Geothermobarometry based on garnet-bearing granulites identify two distinct P–T–time paths: a high-pressure anticlockwise path of the Jijal complex and a low-pressure retrograde path of the Chilas complex. These P–T–time paths represent the evolution of middle to lower crustal rocks of the Kohistan arc. The anticlockwise P–T-time path combined with published isotopic ages reveals that: (i) the high pressure granulitefacies metamorphism is related to the Kohistan-Asia collision and (ii) the crust of the Kohistan arc had been thickened at least 55 km before the India-Asia collision.
API-Evolution Support with Diff-CatchUp

Applications built on reusable component frameworks are subject to two independent, and potentially conflicting, evolution processes. The application evolves in response to the specific requirements and desired qualities of the application's stakeholders. On the other hand, the evolution of the component framework is driven by the need to improve the framework functionality and quality while maintaining its generality. Thus, changes to the component framework frequently change its API on which its client applications rely and, as a result, these applications break. To date, there has been some work aimed at supporting the migration of client applications to newer versions of their underlying frameworks, but it usually requires that the framework developers do additional work for that purpose or that the application developers use the same tools as the framework developers. In this paper, we discuss our approach to tackle the API-evolution problem in the context of reuse-based software development, which automatically recognizes the API changes of the reused framework and proposes plausible replacements to the "obsolete" API based on working examples of the framework code base. This approach has been implemented in the Diff-CatchUp tool. We report on two case studies that we have conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach with its Diff-CatchUp prototype.
Plasma nucleic acids in the diagnosis and management of malignant disease.

BACKGROUND There is a need for development of molecular markers of cancer that can be used clinically for the detection, prognostication, and monitoring of cancer. Recently, there has been much interest in the potential use of nucleic acid markers in plasma and serum for this purpose. APPROACH We reviewed published literature up to 2002 on the topic, with a particular emphasis on reports published between 1996 and 2002. CONTENT The nucleic acid markers described in plasma and serum include oncogene mutations/amplifications, microsatellite alterations, and gene rearrangements. Such markers have been described in many cancer types, including lung, colon, and breast. Epigenetic alterations, such as aberrant promoter methylation, have been identified in plasma and serum. Viral nucleic acid markers, such as Epstein-Barr virus DNA in plasma and serum, are reviewed in detail with regard to their application to virus-associated cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and various lymphomas. More recently, mitochondrial DNA and tumor-related mRNAs have been identified in plasma and serum from patients with several types of tumors. CONCLUSIONS Circulating nucleic acids are an emerging class of molecular tumor markers. Their wide applicability and clinical relationship with the malignant state will likely grant them increasing clinical importance in the near future.
Placing the ‘third’ node: An energy efficiency perspective

Reduction of energy consumption has become one of the prime concerns in recently deployed wireless communication systems, both from ecological and from economical perspectives. This paper examines whether introduction of a third node, i.e. a wireless relay (R) placed between source node (S) and destination node (D), can improve the energy efficiency of the system. For collinear arrangement, a comparison of energy consumed per successful bit transmission reveals that energy saving is possible only when R is placed at a certain distance from S (or D) and there exists an optimum location where energy saving is maximum. For non-linear scenarios, however, the amount of energy saving depends on the two-dimensional co-ordinates of R. In this case, we have identified regions on the S-R-D plane that satisfies a given minimum energy saving constraint.
The effect of surgery for symptomatic endometriosis: the other side of the story.

BACKGROUND Surgery is often considered the best treatment option in women with symptomatic endometriosis. However, extent and duration of the therapeutic benefit are still poorly defined. METHODS The best available evidence on surgery for endometriosis-associated pain has been reviewed to estimate the effect size of interventions in the most frequently encountered clinical conditions. RESULTS Methodological drawbacks limit considerably the validity of observational, non-comparative studies on the effect of laparoscopy for stage I-IV disease. As indicated by the results of three RCTs, the absolute benefit increase of destruction of lesions compared with diagnostic only operation in terms of proportion of women reporting pain relief was between 30% and 40% after short follow-up periods. The effect size tended to decrease with time and the re-operation rate, based on long-term follow-up studies, was as high as 50%. In most case series on excisional surgery for rectovaginal endometriosis, substantial short-term pain relief was experienced by approximately 70-80% of the subjects who continued the study. However, at 1 year follow-up, approximately 50% of the women needed analgesics or hormonal treatments. Major complications were observed in 3-10% of the patients. Medium-term recurrence of lesions was observed in approximately 20% of the cases, and around 25% of the women underwent repetitive surgery. CONCLUSIONS Pain recurrence and re-operation rates after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis are high and probably underestimated. Clinicians and patients should be aware that the expected benefit is operator-dependent.
Myocardial Infarction and Atrial Fibrillation: Importance of Atrial Ischemia

Background—Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to characterize the atrial abnormalities because of MI and determine the role of ischemia to the AF substrate. Methods and Results—Forty-four sheep were studied. MI was induced by occlusion of the left circumflex artery (LCX) or left anterior descending artery (LAD). Excluding 11 with fatal arrhythmias, equal groups of animals (LCX; LAD; and sham-operated) underwent sequential electrophysiology study for 45 minutes to determine atrial effective refractory periods, conduction velocity, conduction heterogeneity index, and AF inducibility. Postmortem evaluation was performed with 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. MI resulted in greater left ventricular dysfunction (P<0.05), LA pressure (P<0.0003), and reduction in atrial effective refractory periods (P<0.0001) compared with control. 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining demonstrated that the left circumflex artery, and not the LAD, group had atrial infarction. The left circumflex artery group demonstrated the following compared with the LAD or control groups: greater slowing in atrial conduction velocity (P<0.0001 and P<0.001); increased absolute range of conduction phase delay (P<0.001 and P<0.001); increased conduction heterogeneity index (P<0.0001 and P<0.001); greater AF vulnerability (P<0.05 for both); and longer AF duration (P<0.05 for both). LAD group had modest but significant slowing in conduction velocity (P<0.01) but no change in conduction heterogeneity index or AF duration compared with control. Conclusions—Left ventricular infarction, which is known to result in atrial stretch, hemodynamic change, and neurohumoral activation, contributes partially to the atrial abnormalities in MI. Atrial ischemia/infarction results in greater atrial electrophysiological changes and propensity for AF forming the dominant substrate for AF in MI.
Surrogates for Theories

I first discuss several strategies that serve as surrogates for theories in psychology: one-word explanation, redescription, drawing vague dichotomies, and data fitting. I then identify two conventions that allow these surrogates to flourish and multiply: null hypothesis testing, which makes precise hypotheses irrelevant, and the isolation of research in different disciplines, which prevents the exchange of positive metaphors between fields.
Grid polymeric scaffolds with polypeptide gel filling as patches for infarcted tissue regeneration

Scaffolds of poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) with interconnected cylindrical orthogonal pores filled with a self-assembling peptide (SAP) gel are here proposed as patches for infarcted tissue regeneration. These combined systems aim to support cell therapy and meet further requirements posed by the application: the three-dimensional architecture of the elastomeric scaffold is expected to lodge the cells of interest in the damaged zone avoiding their death or migration, and at the same time conduct cell behavior and give mechanical support if necessary; the ECM-like polypeptide gel provides a cell-friendly aqueous microenvironment, facilitates diffusion of nutrients and cell wastes and is expected to improve the distribution and viability of the seeded cells within the pores and stimulate angiogenesis.
IMAGING OF RETINAL AUTOFLUORESCENCE IN PATIENTS WITH AGE‐RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

Background: Several studies have demonstrated an accumulation of autofluorescent materials in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with increasing age. Histologic analysis revealed that lipofuscin is the most potential fluorescent substance in the aging RPE. Therefore, it has been speculated that lipofuscin precedes the presence of drusen and the development of age‐related macular degeneration (ARMD). Method: A scanning laser ophthalmoscope was used to visualize autofluorescence in the fundus of patients with early ARMD. The digital recordings were analyzed offline with a digital image analyzing system. Results: In 85 of 103 patients, focal areas of increased autofluorescence were visible. Areas of hyperpigmentation at the level of the RPE showed increased autofluorescence in all cases, whereas areas of depigmentation demonstrated decreased autofluorescence. Conclusion: Patients with ARMD demonstrated focal accumulation of fluorescent material, most likely lipofuscin. Thus, the scanning laser technique combined with an image analyzing system may help to identify eyes at risk for developing exudative ARMD. RETINA 17:385‐389, 1997
Online footprint imitation of a humanoid robot by walking motion parameterization

There are many difficulties in operating a humanoid which has high degree-of-freedom and instability in balancing its body. In addition, due to the shape of a humanoid, it is expected to have motions like a human. In order to overcome its operational difficulties and to provide a humanlike motion, a teleoperation with the motion imitation is studied in this paper. Specifically, a framework for online generation of a footprint from a human walking motion is proposed. The human walking motions acquired from a motion capture device are parameterized and normalized to give a human independent foot motion. The normalized parameters are restored by a humanoid considering its hardware limit. The restored footprints generate a walking trajectory of a humanoid, which imitates the human walking motion in terms of the footprint. Experiments are conducted with MAHRU-R, a humanoid robot developed in KIST.
Extending GridSim with an architecture for failure detection

Grid technologies are emerging as the next generation of distributed computing, allowing the aggregation of resources that are geographically distributed across different locations. However, these resources are independent and managed separately by various organizations with different policies. This will have a major impact to users who submit their jobs to the Grid, as they have to deal with issues such as policy heterogeneity, security and fault tolerance. Moreover, the changes of Grid conditions, such as resources that may become unavailable for a period of time due to maintenance and/or suffer failures, would significantly affect the quality of service (QoS) requirements of users. Therefore, it is essential for users to take into account the effects of resource failures during jobs execution. In this paper, we present our work on introducing resource failures and failure detection into the GridSim simulation toolkit. As we need to conduct repeatable and controlled experiments, it is easier to use simulation as a means of studying complex scenarios. We also give a detailed description of the overall design and a use case scenario demonstrating the conditions of resources varied over time.
La restauration des végétations des hauts de falaises du littoral atlantique, vers une évaluation globale

Les vegetations des falaises littorales atlantiques ont fortement ete degradees par une frequentation touristique croissante. Cet article nous presente les etapes essentielles a la reussite ecologique et socio-economique des operations de restauration, qui passe par une meilleure connaissance de la diversite des ecosystemes et des modes de gestion.
Charging for Quality-of-Experience : A New Paradigm for Pricing IP-based Service

Over the last couple of years, the interdisciplinary research area of “Internet Economics” has received rapidly increasing attention, especially regarding various proposals for Qualityof-Service (QoS) aware charging of IP services. However, the continuously strong trend towards flat-rate pricing in today’s fixed and mobile networks indicates that QoS differentiation does not provide a suitable economic framework for the tradeoff between quality delivered by the provider and willingnessto-pay from the customer’s side. Therefore, in this paper we argue for a paradigm shift towards Quality-of-Experience (QoE) as an alternative framework for pricing service quality according to the user perception. To this end, we provide a comprehensive survey about various charging schemes for Internet services, discuss the evolution from QoS to QoE and finally describe in detail two different proposals for QoEaware Internet charging, i.e. (1) an instrumental approach complementing standard charging architectures with an additional module for translating network QoS into perceptual QoS, and (2) a novel mechanism called “Reactive Charging” which is based on direct user feedback for both perceived quality and willingness-to-pay.
Telling stories about GNOME with Complicity

Traditionally, the target of software evolution research has been single software systems. However, in the recent years, researchers observed that software systems are often not developed in isolation, but within a larger context: the ecosystem level. Analyzing software evolution at the ecosystem level allows a better understanding of the evolution phenomenon, as the entire development context can be studied. Nonetheless, software ecosystem analysis is challenging because of the sheer amount of data to be processed and understood. We present Complicity, a web-based application that supports software ecosystem analysis by means of interactive visualizations. Complicity breaks down the data quantity by offering two abstraction levels: ecosystem and entity. To support a thorough exploration and analysis of ecosystem data, the tool provides a number of fixed viewpoints and the possibility of creating new viewpoints with given software metrics. We illustrate in a case study how Complicity can help to understand the GNOME ecosystem in a bottom-up approach, starting from a single project and contributor towards their impact on the ecosystem.
Combating Fusarium Infection Using Bacillus-Based Antimicrobials

Despite efforts to control toxigenic Fusarium species, wilt and head-blight infections are destructive and economically damaging diseases that have global effects. The utilization of biological control agents in disease management programs has provided an effective, safe, and sustainable means to control Fusarium-induced plant diseases. Among the most widely used microbes for biocontrol agents are members of the genus Bacillus. These species influence plant and fungal pathogen interactions by a number of mechanisms such as competing for essential nutrients, antagonizing pathogens by producing fungitoxic metabolites, or inducing systemic resistance in plants. The multivariate interactions among plant-biocontrol agent-pathogen are the subject of this study, in which we survey the advances made regarding the research on the Bacillus-Fusarium interaction and focus on the principles and mechanisms of action among plant-growth promoting Bacillus species. In particular, we highlight their use in limiting and controlling Fusarium spread and infestations of economically important crops. This knowledge will be useful to define strategies for exploiting this group of beneficial bacteria for use as inoculants by themselves or in combination with other microbes for enhanced crop protection.
Linear prediction of deterministic components in hybrid signal representation

The paper presents a framework for representing sinusoidal and harmonic components by means of linear prediction. In order to improve estimation accuracy parametric representation of the signal is used instead of its waveform. The main target application of the proposed technique is accurate estimation of spectral envelopes in hybrid (stochastic/deterministic) speech processing.
A model of a robot's will based on higher-order desires

Autonomous robots implement decision making capacities on several layers of abstraction. Put in terms of desires, decision making evaluates desires to eventually commit to some most rational one. Drawing on the philosophical literature on volition and agency, this work introduces a conceptual model that enables robots to reason about which desires they want to want to realize, i.e., higher-order desires. As a result, six jointly exhaustive and pairwise disjoint types of choices are defined. Technical evaluation shows how to add a robot's will to its rational decision-making capacity. This guarantees that informed choices are possible even in cases rational decision making alone is indecisive. Further applications to modeling personality traits for human-robot interaction are discussed.
Interaction between family history of alcoholism and Locus of Control in the opioid regulation of impulsive responding under the influence of alcohol.

BACKGROUND Naltrexone (NTX) is an opioid antagonist indicated for the treatment of alcoholism, which is not universally effective. Thus, identifying individual predictors of NTX's behavioral effects is critical to optimizing its therapeutic use. Moreover, given the high rate of relapse during treatment for alcoholism, understanding NTX's behavioral effects when combined with moderate ethanol intake is important. Our previous study of abstinent alcoholics and control subjects showed that a more internal Locus of Control score predicted increased impulsive choice on NTX (Mitchell et al., 2007, Neuropsychopharmacology 32:439-449). Here, we tested whether this predictive relationship remains in the context of moderate alcohol intake. METHODS In this study, we tested the effect of acute NTX (50 mg) on impulsive choice, motor inhibition, and attentional bias after ingestion of moderate ethanol (∼0.3 g/kg, n = 30 subjects). Subjects included those recruited from a pool of ∼1,200 UC Berkeley undergraduates on the basis of scores on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). RESULTS Impulsive choice was positively correlated with breath alcohol concentration in placebo sessions. Locus of Control was again the sole predictor of NTX's effect on decision making among subjects with a family history of alcoholism. We also found a weak interaction between BIS scores and NTX's effect on impulsive choice. CONCLUSIONS Our results reinforce the predictive relationship between Locus of Control and NTX's effect on decision making in those with a family history of alcoholism, suggesting a possible biological basis to this relationship.
Class Graph Views

An application typically has many conceptually separate pieces of behavior written over a common class graph. Each behavior makes different assumptions about the form of the class graph and the methods provided by the classes. The behaviors’ overlapping assumptions make it difficult to modify the class graph in mid-development; each modification can break assumptions that must be tracked down and mended. We propose a flexible system for providing separate views of the class graph to each behavior. Each view specifies only the details that the particular behavior makes assumptions about. By programming to the simplified view of the class graph, each behavior becomes more robust to modifications to the class graph. Inevitably, modifications to the class graph will require that broken assumptions be patched up, but these modifications need only be performed in the view specification, simplifying maintenance. A view can be applied simultaneously to several parts of the class graph, promoting code reuse. A key innovation is that the same view is exported regardless of how is it applied. This is vital to being able to transparently layer views and thus minimize maintenance costs. A common organization is to have a general purpose lower level view provide a stable interface to a changing class graph and to build high level views tailored to specific behavior on top of that. This approach offers minimized maintenance costs (by virtue of all high-level views sharing the provided low-level interface), and simplified behavior (as each behavior sees a class graph tailored to its needs).