Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School Students, Question Formulation and Issues of Transfer: a Constructivist Grounded Analysis

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which Year Seven students, teachers and teacher-librarians, in three rural Australian state schools, would value question formulation as an information literacy skill. Question formulation is defined here as students independently formulating their own questions for curricular assignments. It also aimed to evaluate the extent to which these students would transfer question formulation across subjects and across time. The study used a constructivist grounded theory approach and data were analysed using constructivist grounded analysis. The findings of the study indicated that most students, teachers and teacher-librarians valued question formulation as an information literacy skill, but that this value was often limited in scope, e.g. only in relation to information retrieval. Some students, and most teachers and teacher-librarians, saw extensive value in question formulation and took a more holistic view, e.g. linking question formulation with assignment writing. A small minority of students did not value question formulation as they found it a difficult concept. Students used written questions when required to do so by teachers but some students preferred to develop mental questions when doing assignments. There was some clear evidence of transfer, in that some students applied what they had learned about question formulation in a previous term to a new subject assignment. On the other hand, many other students did not transfer what they had learned, and the evidence showed that this was either because they did not understand the concept of transfer (a small minority), or that they lacked motivation to transfer, or that they expected the teacher and/or teacher-librarian to tell them to formulate their own questions. It was clear from the study that there was no culture of transfer in these schools and that this made it unlikely that students, apart from a well-motivated minority, would transfer skills.
Inertia Provision and Estimation of PLL-Based DFIG Wind Turbines

This paper presents an alternative inertial control method for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines by directly adjusting the phase locked loop (PLL) response. The synthetic internal voltage vector of the wind turbine-driven DFIG is defined in the electromechanical timescale to present the dynamic properties. The phase angle motion equation is further deduced to depict the relationship between the contributed inertial response and the defined internal voltage. Based on the developed motion equation, the equivalent inertia is estimated and quantified, and further found to be significantly determined by the PLL parameters. Moreover, the effect of both PLL and active power control on the defined internal voltage dynamics is also described during the inertial response. Simulated results on a modified 3-machine, 9-node test system were conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed inertial control method and the correctness of the developed inertial characteristics.
Electronic Communications of the EASST Volume X ( 2007 ) Proceedings of the Third International ERCIM Symposium on Software Evolution ( Software Evolution 2007 ) Evolutionary success of Open Source software : an investigation into exogenous drivers

The “success” of a Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) proje ct has often been evaluated through the number of commits made to its configuration management system, number of developers and number of users. Based o n SourceForge, most studies have concluded that the vast majority of projects are f ailur s. This paper argues that the relative success of a FLOSS project depen ds also on the chosen forge and distribution: given a random sample of 50 projects c on ained within a popular FLOSS forge (Debian, which is the basis of the successfu l Debian distribution), we compared these with a similar sample from SourceForge, using product and process metrics, like size achieved and developers involve d. The results show at first that, depending on the forge of FLOSS projects , r searchers can draw different conclusions on the overall concept of success o f FLOSS software. Secondly, the projects included in the Debian distribution benefit, on averag e, from a larger evolutionary activity and a larger number of developers than the c omparable projects on SourceForge. Finally, the Debian projects benefit from more activity and more developers from the point at which they joined this distribution.
High-Pressure Polymorph of Iron

An x-ray diffraction study of iron under pressure has shown that alpha-iron (body-centered cubic) transforms to hexagonal-close-packing (designated epsilon-iron) at 130 kb, room temperature. The volume change for the transformation is -0.20 � 0.03 cm2/ mole. The slope for the gamma-epsilon phase boundary has been calculated to be 2 � 1�C/kb. The molar volume of iron decreases from 7.10 cm3/mole (density = 7.85 g/cm3) at room pressure to 6.10 � 0.08 cm3/mole (density = 9.1 � 0.1 g/cm3) at 200 kb and room temperature. The extrapolation of the gamma-epsilon phase boundary, consistent with shock wave data, suggests that it may have an influence on the properties of the earth's core
Evaluating the Performance of Government IT Projects in the Caribbean: Beyond the Traditional Approach

The study seeks to empirically apply multiple performance evaluation techniques, including traditional approach to assess the performance of government projects. Studies have shown that while there is an increase in improved project management methods, tools and techniques, including performance evaluation techniques, organizations including governments are still relying on outdated or insufficient tools. We posit that the increased application of alternative approaches to highlight the important dimensions of the project process can help to address this issue. With the increased application of newer techniques over time, stakeholders can be equipped to better identify sources of failures and successes and improve the management of projects. This is crucial for IT projects and government projects that are consistently perceived as underperforming. The research employs a single project from the aviation industry in the Caribbean to apply the perspectives of the Barclay’s Project Performance Scorecard and Delone & McLean’s IS Success Model measurements, and triple constraints method to evaluate project performance and report on the findings.
Raftingwith cholera toxin : endocytosis and tra ⁄ cking fromplasma membrane toER

Cholera toxin (CT), and members of the AB5 family of toxins enter host cells and hijack the cell’s endogenous pathways to induce toxicity. CT binds to a lipid receptor on the plasma membrane (PM), ganglioside GM1, which has the ability to associate with lipid rafts. The toxin can then enter the cell by various modes of receptor-mediated endocytosis and traffic in a retrograde manner from the PM to the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Once in the ER, a portion of the toxin is unfolded and retro-translocated to the cytosol so as to induce disease. GM1 is the vehicle that carries CT from PM to ER. Thus, the toxin pathway from PM to ER is a lipid-based sorting pathway, which is potentially meditated by the determinants of the GM1 ganglioside structure itself.
A global rather than local role for adenosine in sleep homeostasis.

1382 Forum tyltheopylline (CPT), a selective A1 receptor antagonist, or alloxazine (ALX), an AD receptor antagonist that displays slightly greater affinity for A2 receptors,13 were individually administered to rats and compared to caffeine, both produced sleep suppression qualitatively similar to that produced by caffeine, but of smaller magnitude. However, CPT, a highly selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist in vitro, produced a degree of CNS stimulation more similar to that observed after caffeine than did ALX. When CPT and ALX were injected together, their sleep suppressant effect was of the same magnitude as that of caffeine.14 We still have a way to go to understand the complex phenomenon of sleep homeostasis. The authors have produced a seminal study and I congratulate them. Their work deepens our knowledge into the mystery of the mechanisms of sleep and is an important stepping stone for future directions.
Pathological changes and myocardial remodelling related to the mode of shunting following surgical palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome*

Abstract Background The modification of placing the shunt from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries, also known as Sano procedure, has allegedly improved results over the short term in surgical palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with the Norwood procedure. With this in mind, we reviewed autopsied specimens from neonates and children who did not survive after either a classic arterio-pulmonary shunt, or the modified procedure with the shunt placed from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries, so as to evaluate the pathological substrates of the remodelling of the systemic right ventricle, assessing any differences induced by the 2 techniques. Methods We obtained the hearts from 11 patients with neonatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome who died after the first or second stages of the Norwood sequence of operations, comparing them with 6 normal hearts matched for age and weight. Macroscopic, microscopic and morphometric analysis were performed on each specimen, evaluating the diameter of the myocytes, extracellular matrix remodelling in terms of fibrosis and type of collagen, and vascularization in terms of capillary density. Results Hypertrophy of the myocytes was significantly increased in the hearts from patients having either a classic arterio-pulmonary or the ventriculo-pulmonary modification of the shunt compared to controls (p < 0.05). Myocardial fibrosis was increased in those having a shunt placed from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries when compared to the other 2 groups. The ratio of collagen I to collagen III was similar in those undergoing a classic arterio-pulmonary shunt compared to controls (0.94), but was lower in those having a shunt placed from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries (0.61), with an increase in collagen type III. The density of capillaries was lower in those who had undergone a classic arterial shunt when compared to the others. Conclusion We have shown greater remodelling of the ventricular myocardial extracellular matrix in patients having a shunt from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries when compared to those having a classic arterio-pulmonary shunt, with this remodelling progressing even after the neonatal period. This may influence a later suboptimal ventricular performance.
Universities and the knowledge-based economy: perceptions from a developing country

This paper considers the role of universities in the creation of a knowledge-based economy (KBE) in a developing country, Pakistan. Some developing countries have moved quickly to develop a KBE, but progress in Pakistan is much slower. Higher education plays a crucial role as part of the triple helix model for innovation. Based on the perceptions of university leaders and academic staff, the paper examines how the transformation towards a KBE in Pakistan is viewed within higher education and identifies some of the blockages and contradictions that hinder development. In particular, the paper suggests that a more integrated education system bringing together primary, secondary and tertiary education to work for a common purpose will be essential.
Nonspecific effect of soybean hemagglutinin on tumor growth.

The daily injection of soybean hemagglutinin at a level of 25 mg/kg into rats inoculated with the Walker tumor caused a delay in the appearance and a reduction in the size and final weight of the tumor. Pair-fed controls revealed this effect to be due to reduced food intake during the period of tumor induction. No inhibitory effect could be demonstrated when the soybean hemagglutinin was injected into animals in which the tumor had become established.
Neural and Photochemical Mechanisms of Visual Adaptation in the Rat

The effects of light adaptation on the increment threshold, rhodopsin content, and dark adaptation have been studied in the rat eye over a wide range of intensities. The electroretinogram threshold was used as a measure of eye sensitivity. With adapting intensities greater than 1.5 log units above the absolute ERG threshold, the increment threshold rises linearly with increasing adapting intensity. With 5 minutes of light adaptation, the rhodopsin content of the eye is not measurably reduced until the adapting intensity is greater than 5 log units above the ERG threshold. Dark adaptation is rapid (i.e., completed in 5 to 10 minutes) until the eye is adapted to lights strong enough to bleach a measurable fraction of the rhodopsin. After brighter light adaptations, dark adaptation consists of two parts, an initial rapid phase followed by a slow component. The extent of slow adaptation depends on the fraction of rhodopsin bleached. If all the rhodopsin in the eye is bleached, the slow fall of threshold extends over 5 log units and takes 2 to 3 hours to complete. The fall of ERG threshold during the slow phase of adaptation occurs in parallel with the regeneration of rhodopsin. The slow component of dark adaptation is related to the bleaching and resynthesis of rhodopsin; the fast component of adaptation is considered to be neural adaptation.
GABAergic Innervation Organizes Synaptic and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptor Clustering in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

We have studied the effects of GABAergic innervation on the clustering of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) in cultured hippocampal neurons. In the absence of GABAergic innervation, pyramidal cells form small (0.36 ± 0.01 μm diameter) GABAAR clusters at their surface in the dendrites and soma. When receiving GABAergic innervation from glutamic acid decarboxylase-containing interneurons, pyramidal cells form large (1.62 ± 0.08 μm breadth) GABAAR clusters at GABAergic synapses. This is accompanied by a disappearance of the small GABAAR clusters in the local area surrounding each GABAergic synapse. Although the large synaptic GABAAR clusters of any neuron contained all GABAAR subunits and isoforms expressed by that neuron, the small clusters not localized at GABAergic synapses showed significant heterogeneity in subunit and isoform composition. Another difference between large GABAergic and small non-GABAergic GABAAR clusters was that a significant proportion of the latter was juxtaposed to postsynaptic markers of glutamatergic synapses such as PSD-95 and AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit. The densities of both the glutamate receptor-associated and non-associated small GABAAR clusters were decreased in areas surrounding GABAergic synapses. However, no effect on the density or distribution of glutamate receptor clusters was observed. The results suggest that there are local signals generated at GABAergic synapses that induce both assembly of large synaptic GABAAR clusters at the synapse and disappearance of the small GABAAR clusters in the surrounding area. In the absence of GABAergic innervation, weaker GABAAR-clustering signals, generated at glutamatergic synapses, induce the formation of small postsynaptic GABAAR clusters that remain juxtaposed to glutamate receptors at glutamatergic synapses.
Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Hematologist-Oncologists on Twitter

HEALTH CARE REFORM Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Hematologist-Oncologists on Twitter Twitter, the social media service that permits 140-character posts or “tweets,” is undergoing rapid uptake by physicians.1 Twitter allows physicians to communicate, interpret, highlight, and curate information as well as engage in discussion or debate with other physicians, patients, patient advocates, researchers, investors, and industry employees. More than 60% of tweets authored by medical professionals in the United States are healthrelated, and approximately 14% mention commercial products or services.2 Yet, to our knowledge, there has been no investigation of the prevalence of financial conflict of interest (FCOI) among these users.
Variable-Rate Linear Network Error Correction MDS Codes

In network communication, the source often transmits messages at several different information rates within a session. How to deal with information transmission and network error correction simultaneously under different rates is introduced in this paper as a variable-rate network error correction problem. Apparently, linear network error correction maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are expected to be used for these different rates guaranteeing the maximal error-correcting capability. For this purpose, designing a linear network error correction MDS code based on the existing results for each information rate is an alternative solution, but it is inefficient due to its high complexity. In order to solve the problem more efficiently, we present the concept of variable-rate linear network error correction MDS codes preserving local encoding kernels, that is, these linear network error correction MDS codes of different rates have the same local encoding kernel at each internal node. Thus, each nonsource node always uses the same local kernel for coding, no matter what the rate is. Furthermore, we propose an approach to construct such a family of variable-rate network MDS codes and give an algorithm for efficient implementation. This approach economizes the storage space for each internal node, and saves resources and time for transmissions on networks. Moreover, the performance of our proposed algorithm is analyzed, including the field size, the time complexity, the encoding complexity at the source node, and the decoding methods. Finally, a random method is introduced for constructing such a family of variable-rate network MDS codes, and a lower bound on the success probability of this random method is given, which shows that this probability will approach to one as the base field size goes to infinity.
Does Prosopagnosia Take the Eyes Out of Face Representations? Evidence for a Defect in Representing Diagnostic Facial Information following Brain Damage

One of the most impressive disorders following brain damage to the ventral occipitotemporal cortex is prosopagnosia, or the inability to recognize faces. Although acquired prosopagnosia with preserved general visual and memory functions is rare, several cases have been described in the neuropsychological literature and studied at the functional and neural level over the last decades. Here we tested a brain-damaged patient (PS) presenting a deficit restricted to the category of faces to clarify the nature of the missing and preserved components of the face processing system when it is selectively damaged. Following learning to identify 10 neutral and happy faces through extensive training, we investigated patient PS's recognition of faces using Bubbles, a response classification technique that sampled facial information across the faces in different bandwidths of spatial frequencies [Gosselin, F. , & Schyns, P. E. , Bubbles: A technique to reveal the use of information in recognition tasks. Vision Research, 41, 2261-2271, 2001]. Although PS gradually used less information (i.e., the number of bubbles) to identify faces over testing, the total information required was much larger than for normal controls and decreased less steeply with practice. Most importantly, the facial information used to identify individual faces differed between PS and controls. Specifically, in marked contrast to controls, PS did not use the optimal eye information to identify familiar faces, but instead the lower part of the face, including the mouth and the external contours, as normal observers typically do when processing unfamiliar faces. Together, the findings reported here suggest that damage to the face processing system is characterized by an inability to use the information that is optimal to judge identity, focusing instead on suboptimal information.
Reflections on the heuristic experiences of a multidisciplinary team trying to bring the PCA to participatory design (with emphasis on the IPR method)

This paper introduces a heuristic case study, reflecting on the use of the Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) method as part of An Internet of Soft Things, a multidisciplinary design research project working with the UK mental health charity, Mind. The three authors represent three different disciplines within the project -- Psychotherapy, e-Textiles, and Human-Computer Interaction -- and naturally bring their own experiences and expectations to the multidisciplinary team process. The aim of the project is to develop, through practice, a methodology for a Person-Centred Approach to design, informed by the theories and practice of Carl Rogers, and thereby to address the increasing need for researcher reflection in Participatory Design. The paper outlines the project and describes our experiences of IPR within it; it discusses how we are taking this work forward and closes with some guidelines based on our personal observations in working with this method.
The role of leisure pursuits in adaptation processes among Afghan refugees who have immigrated to Winnipeg, Canada

There is a gap in understanding the adaptation processes of minor, less established, immigrants, including the potential contribution of leisure pursuits to these processes. This study explored the role of leisure among Afghan refugees who have recently immigrated to a western Canadian city in adapting to their immigration processes. Using semi‐structured one‐on‐one interviews with 11 Afghan immigrant women and men aged from 19 to 60 years (including single women and men, single mothers with children, and two‐parent families with children), this study examined how or in what ways leisure engagements may help them adapt to their new life environment. An overarching theme identified from our phenomenological analyses of the interview data emphasises meaningful, purposeful and enjoyable leisure as a way of helping those individuals adapt to stressful life challenges in a host country/community. Not only were socially and culturally meaningful forms of leisure and recreation instrumental and purposeful to facilitate social connections and networks with Afghan families and friends as well as with non‐Afghan Canadian friends, but these also provided opportunities for cultural celebration, problem‐solving, learning and development (including cross‐cultural interaction, learning and sharing). Overall, the engagements in enjoyable, purposeful and meaningful leisure can be regarded as an expression of Afghan immigrants’ cultural strengths for their survival and thriving during stressful adaptation processes.
Experimental Infection of the Hamster with Borrelia burgdorferi a

The origin of the strains of Borrelia burgdorferi used in this study were strain 297, a human spinal fluid isolate (Allen Steere, Yale University, New Haven, CT); P/Bi, a human spinal fluid isolate and P/Gu, a human skin isolate (Vera Preac-Mursic, Max von Petenkofer-Institut, Munich, FRG); MM, Minnesota mouse (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN); IPT, Zxodes pacijkus tick (Robert Lane, University of California, Berkeley, CA). The spirochetes were cultured in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK) medium2 at 30OC. Medium for the isolation of spirochetes from animals was prepared by the addition of 0.15% agarose (SeaKem LE, FMC Corp., Marine Colloids Division, Rockland, ME) to the BSK medium.