Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Note: Asterix in Disneyland. Management Scholars from France on the World Stage

In the light of the growing expansion in international scientific publication, three questions are posed here. First, to what extent do French-based authors contribute to international management journals? Second, what are the geographical home bases of French authorships? Third, what is the orientation of French authorships? These questions are analyzed with the help of data from fifteen top journals in the management area during the period 1981-1992. This analysis reveals that authors based in France, like their colleagues in other non-US countries, account for a rather limited proportion of the articles in the top journals, namely less than 1 percent. It also appears that about 50 percent of the French-based authors are on the faculty of INSEAD, and that most of them have Ph.D.'s from prestigious U.S. universities and are not French nationals. Of the 'genuine' French, most come from the Paris area, or Grenoble or Lyon. Finally, the orientation of French-based authors tends particularly towards strategic management and operations research. Publications in accounting, on the other hand, are rare. Most references are to North American works.
A Unified Near-Infrared Spectral Classification Scheme for T Dwarfs

A revised near-infrared classification scheme for T dwarfs is presented, based on and superseding prior schemes developed by Burgasser and coworkers and Geballe and coworkers, and defined following the precepts of the MK process. Drawing from two large spectroscopic libraries of T dwarfs identified largely in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Two Micron All Sky Survey, nine primary spectral standards and five alternate standards spanning spectral types T0-T8 are identified that match criteria of spectral character, brightness, absence of a resolved companion, and accessibility from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The classification of T dwarfs is formally made by the direct comparison of near-infrared spectral data of equivalent resolution to the spectra of these standards. Alternately, we have redefined five key spectral indices measuring the strengths of the major H2O and CH4 bands in the 1-2.5 μm region that may be used as a proxy to direct spectral comparison. Two methods of determining T spectral type using these indices are outlined and yield equivalent results. These classifications are also equivalent to those from prior schemes, implying that no revision of existing spectral type trends is required. The one-dimensional scheme presented here provides a first step toward the observational characterization of the lowest luminosity brown dwarfs currently known. Future extensions to incorporate spectral variations arising from differences in photospheric dust content, gravity, and metallicity are briefly discussed. A compendium of all currently known T dwarfs with updated classifications is presented.
"Adjustment to life in a nursing home", the process of relocation : a grounded theory study

Research into the relocation of the elderly from the community to long term care has been well documented as a major life change for this population, one that may have many physical, social, and cognitive implications. Some research documents the positive implications such as an increased sense of security, increased social contacts, and better physical well being. Contrary to this, other research suggests negative implications such as anxiety, depression, and loss of independence. -- Grounded theory methodology was used to explore the process of relocation and subsequent adjustment to a nursing home among elderly adults four to six months after admission. Six females and three males were interviewed and data analysis was conducted to determine the common themes that existed in the individuals' experiences of their adjustment. -- Three main stages of relocation were identified: preparing for the move, moving to the nursing home, and settling in on a more permanent basis. Within each of these three stages a number of phases were identified and the interrelationships between these phases allowed the researcher to identify similarities and differences among the participants with regards to their adjustment to the relocation to the nursing home. -- The findings of this study emphasized the variation in the psychological adjustment to nursing home life including factors that helped or hindered the adjustment process. The results of this study supported the literature in the identification of interventions to help ease this transition. The research also identified new insights into the process of relocation and how adjustment may be experienced by members of this population.
Ecological impacts of tropical forest fragmentation: how consistent are patterns in species richness and nestedness?

Large areas of tropical forest now exist as remnants scattered across agricultural landscapes, and so understanding the impacts of forest fragmentation is important for biodiversity conservation. We examined species richness and nestedness among tropical forest remnants in birds (meta-analysis of published studies) and insects (field data for fruit-feeding Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and ants). Species–area relationships were evident in all four taxa, and avian and insect assemblages in remnants typically were nested subsets of those in larger areas. Avian carnivores and nectarivores and predatory ants were more nested than other guilds, implying that the sequential loss of species was more predictable in these groups, and that fragmentation alters the trophic organization of communities. For butterflies, the ordering of fragments to achieve maximum nestedness was by fragment area, suggesting that differences among fragments were driven mainly by extinction. In contrast for moths, maximum nestedness was achieved by ordering species by wing length; species with longer wings (implying better dispersal) were more likely to occur at all sites, including low diversity sites, suggesting that differences among fragments were driven more strongly by colonization. Although all four taxa exhibited high levels of nestedness, patterns of species turnover were also idiosyncratic, and thus even species-poor sites contributed to landscape-scale biodiversity, particularly for insects.
A framework for proving the self-organization of dynamic systems

This paper aims at providing a rigorous definition of self- organization, one of the most desired properties for dynamic systems (e.g., peer-to-peer systems, sensor networks, cooperative robotics, or ad-hoc networks). We characterize different classes of self-organization through liveness and safety properties that both capture information regarding the system entropy. We illustrate these classes through study cases. The first ones are two representative P2P overlays (CAN and Pastry) and the others are specific implementations of Ω (the leader oracle) and one-shot query abstractions for dynamic settings. Our study aims at understanding the limits and respective power of existing self-organized protocols and lays the basis of designing robust algorithm for dynamic systems.
A Dominance Model for the Calculation of Decoy Products in Recommendation Environments

Recommender systems support internet users in finding and identifying products and services suiting their individual demands (e.g.: digital cameras, financial services). Although recommender systems already offer mechanisms which alleviate the comparison of different suitable products (e.g. product lists, comparison pages) users usually have difficulties in decision making and finding the optimal option. Persuasive mechanisms can be used in such situations for underlining product differences and reinforcing confidence in the users’ own decision. This leads to an increase of the trust level and supports the decision making process. Especially theories concerning user behaviour in buying situations constitute great potential for persuasion in recommender systems. It has been shown that the user’s perception of the value of a certain product is highly influenced by the context (i.e. the set of presented products in the choice set). Well-known context effects are the asymmetric dominance effect, the attraction effect, or the compromise effect. This paper presents a multi-preferential and multi-alternative model (i.e. more than two product attributes and more than two products are supported) for calculating dominance values of items in choice sets and thus offers the possibility of determining the best recommendation set in a given choice situation. The performance of the model is shown by the application on empirical data (choice sets) gained by a previously conducted user study.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PLANAR 4 × 4 BUTLER MATRIX IN SIW TECHNOLOGY FOR WIDE BAND HIGH POWER APPLICATIONS

This paper introduces a novel design of Butler matrix in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology with wide frequency band characteristics. Butler matrices are particularly useful in advanced antenna design and characteristics such as wideband operation, power handling, manufacturing, integration, cost, etc. are typical issues to be addressed in many applications. The proposed planar 4 × 4 Butler matrix provides an interesting solution to most of these issues. Wideband operation is achieved thanks to improved cross-couplers. These components are also characterized by higher power handling when compared to E-plane couplers. The use of SIW technology enables to reduce insertion losses compared to other printed technologies, while maintaining most advantages of such technologies such as high integration, manufacturing simplicity, low weight, etc. The proposed design is fully described, from the elementary building blocks to the full assembly performances. The design is optimized for operation in Ku-band with a center frequency at 12.5GHz. A prototype of the 4 × 4 Butler matrix is manufactured, and good performances are confirmed over 24% relative frequency bandwidth. Potential use of this sub-system in multibeam antenna design is also discussed. Received 20 June 2011, Accepted 30 September 2011, Scheduled 7 October 2011 * Corresponding author: Nelson J. G. Fonseca (nelson.fonseca@esa.int), now with Antenna and Sub-Millimetre Wave Section, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. 30 Djerafi, Fonseca, and Wu
Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience Synaptic Neuroscience Review Article

It is widely accepted that the hippocampus is involved in learning and memory function, in particular that mossy fi ber (MF) synapses play a key role in processing, storage and recall of spatial information in the hippocampal network (Lisman, 1999; for review see Nicoll and Schmitz, 2005; Bischofberger et al., 2006). Furthermore, the MF system may play a critical role in pattern completion, pattern separation and storage of sequences of events (for review see Bischofberger et al., 2006). Within the hippocampal formation the MF system is a structurally highly complex connecting the entorhinal cortex via the MF axons of the dentate gyrus granule cells with CA3 pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons in the hilar region and the stratum lucidum of the CA3 subregion (for review see Frotscher et al., 2006). It is known that MF axons exhibit three morphologically distinct presynaptic specializations: large 'giant' boutons that are thought to represent the main bodies of MFs (Galimberti et al., 2006), small en passant boutons, and fi lopodial extensions emerging from the MFBs (Amaral and Dent, 1981). Large MFBs innervate spiny excres-cences of CA3 pyramidal neurons (Blackstad and Kjaerheim, 1961; Hamlyn, 1962; Rollenhagen et al., 2007a) and hilar mossy cells (Frotscher et al., 1994). In contrast, the fi lopodial extensions are thought to contact exclusively the dendritic domain of different GABAergic interneurons in the hilus and stratum lucidum (Acsády et al.
Design of a UWB Reflectarray as an Impedance Surface Using Bessel Filters

This paper develops a framework for designing wideband reflectarray antennas. The proposed reflectarray is implemented as a scalar impedance surface composed of subwavelength elements, whose response is designed to realize a Bessel filter response. The underlying unit cells therefore have maximum group delay bandwidth with no group delay ripples in the passband. It is shown that the reflectarrays designed using this Bessel filter approach exhibit wide bandwidth only limited by the order of the filter used to realize the Bessel filter. Simulated and measured antenna characteristics of the proposed reflectarray are presented for a C-/X-band reflectarray design. It is shown to have good beam characteristics and ultra-low temporal dispersion from 5 to 10 GHz, two attractive qualities accomplished simultaneously by the proposed reflectarray.
Performance and energy efficiency of block ciphers in personal digital assistants

Encryption algorithms can be used to help secure wireless communications, but securing data also consumes resources. The goal of this research is to provide users or system developers of personal digital assistants and applications with the associated time and energy costs of using specific encryption algorithms. Fouriblock ciphers (RC2, Blowfish, XTEA, and AES) were considered. The experiments included encryption and decryption tasks with different cipher and file size combinations. The resource impact of the block ciphers were evaluated using the latency, throughput, energy-latency product, and throughput/energy ratio metrics. We found that RC2 encrypts faster and uses less energyithan XTEA, followed by AES. The Blowfish cipher is a fast encryption algorithm, but the size of the plaintext affects its encryption speed and energy consumption. Faster algorithms seem to be more energy efficient because of differences in speed rather than differences in power consumption levels while encrypting.
Movement of intraretinal fluid from distant branch retinal vein occlusion to the submacular space

Background Extramacular branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) occasionally causes serous macular detachment. We studied the movement of extravasated fluid from BRVO lesions to the submacular space. Methods We examined nine eyes from nine patients with serous retinal detachment caused by extramacular BRVO. In addition to a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography was performed in all nine eyes. Six of the patients also underwent fluorescein angiography. Results Visual acuity ranged from 0.03 to 0.9 (median 0.5). All nine eyes showed localized macular detachment and retinal edema which extended from the extramacular BRVO to the macula. Fluorescein angiography revealed dye leakage in the extramacular area but no macular leakage in the six eyes examined. Optical coherence tomography revealed serous retinal detachment in the macula and intraretinal swelling, with low reflectivity in the outer retina extending from the distant BRVO toward the detached macula in all nine eyes. Six eyes were treated with laser photocoagulation, covering the entire area of BRVO, and the other three eyes were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. Serous retinal detachment and retinal swelling resolved within 3 months of treatment in all nine eyes. Conclusion Distant retinal vascular leakage appears to diffuse through the outer retina to the macula, then permeate into the subretinal space.
P<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="holm-ieq1-2382574.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>CySeMoL: Predictive, Probabilistic Cyber Security Modeling Language

This paper presents the Predictive, Probabilistic Cyber Security Modeling Language (P2CySeMoL), an attack graph tool that can be used to estimate the cyber security of enterprise architectures. P2CySeMoL includes theory on how attacks and defenses relate quantitatively; thus, users must only model their assets and how these are connected in order to enable calculations. The performance of P2CySeMoL enables quick calculations of large object models. It has been validated on both a component level and a system level using literature, domain experts, surveys, observations, experiments and case studies.
Evaluation of a Preventive Program to Reduce Sensitization at a Beryllium Metal, Oxide, and Alloy Production Plant

Objective: We evaluated a workplace preventive program's effectiveness, which emphasized skin and respiratory protection, workplace cleanliness, and beryllium migration control in lowering beryllium sensitization. Methods: We compared sensitization prevalence and incidence rates for workers hired before and after the program using available cross sectional and longitudinal surveillance data. Results: Sensitization prevalence was 8.9% for the Pre-Program Group and 2.1% for the Program Group. The sensitization incidence rate was 3.7/1000 person-months for the Pre-Program Group and 1.7/1000 person-months for the Program Group. After making adjustments for potential selection and information bias, sensitization prevalence for the Pre-Program Group was 3.8 times higher (95% CI = 1.5 to 9.3) than the Program Group. The sensitization incidence rate ratio comparing the Pre-Program Group to the Program Group was 1.6 (95% CI = 0.8 to 3.6). Conclusions: This preventive program reduced the prevalence of but did not eliminate beryllium sensitization.
Minimum energy and maximum capacity paths in multi hop wireless networks

Multi hop cellular networks have the potential of higher capacity and less energy consumption than their traditional single hop counterparts. However, to achieve meaningful performance gains, effective routing strategies are needed. From the perspective that both maximum throughput capacity and minimum energy consumption are equally desirable objectives, we develop efficient polynomial time algorithms to construct maximum capacity paths, minimum energy paths and maximum capacity paths with minimum energy or vice-versa.
A Design Rationale for Pervasive Computing: User Experience, Contextual Change and Technical Requirements

The vision of pervasive computing promises a shift from information technology per se to what can be accomplished by using it, thereby fundamentally changing the relationship between people and information technology. In order to realize this vision, a large number of issues concerning user experience, contextual change, and technical requirements should be addressed. We provide a design rationale for pervasive computing that encompasses these issues, in which we argue that a prominent aspect of user experience is to provide user control, primarily founded in human values. As one of the more significant aspects of the user experience, we provide an extended discussion about privacy. With contextual change, we address the fundamental change in previously established relationships between the practices of individuals, social institutions, and physical environments that pervasive computing entails. Finally, issues of technical requirements refer to technology neutrality and openness--factors that we argue are fundamental for realizing pervasive computing. We describe a number of empirical and technical studies, the results of which have helped to verify aspects of the design rationale as well as shaping new aspects of it. The empirical studies include an ethnographic-inspired study focusing on information technology support for everyday activities, a study based on structured interviews concerning relationships between contexts of use and everyday planning activities, and a focus group study of laypeople’s interpretations of the concept of privacy in relation to information technology. The first technical study concerns the model of personal service environments as a means for addressing a number of challenges concerning user experience, contextual change, and technical requirements. Two other technical studies relate to a model for device-independent service development and the wearable server as a means to address issues of continuous usage experience and technology neutrality respectively.
On the Dynamics of the 4d Spin Glass in a magnetic field

We study the four dimensional Gaussian spin glass in presence of a magnetic ﬁeld. Using oﬀ-equilibrium numerical simulations we have found that the probability distribution of the overlaps is built in the same way as that of the Mean Field approximation with replica symmetry breaking. Finally we have studied the violation of the ﬂuctuation-dissipation theorem in presence of magnetic ﬁeld.
Membrane antioxidant effects of the charged dihydropyridine calcium antagonist amlodipine.

The effect of the highly lipophilic calcium channel antagonist (CCA) amlodipine on membrane oxyradical damage was examined and compared to that of other CCA analogs and a sulfhydryl-containing ACE inhibitor in isolated membrane vesicles enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Under physiological-like conditions, the dihydropyridine CCA amlodipine significantly (P<0.001) inhibited lipid peroxide formation (>10(2) microM) at concentrations as low as 10.0 nM. Under identical conditions, inhibition of lipid peroxide formation was not observed with representative CCA analogs (felodipine, verapamil, diltiazem) or the ACE inhibitor, captopril, at concentrations as high as 1.0 microM. The potent antioxidant activity of amlodipine is attributed to distinct membrane physico-chemical interactions. High-resolution differential scanning calorimetry showed that amlodipine effected marked changes in membrane thermodynamic properties as compared to other CCA analogs, including a marked reduction in the thermal phase transition temperature (-2.6 degrees C), enthalpy (-4.8 J/g) and cooperative unit size (-59%), relative to control samples. These findings indicate that the chemical structure of amlodipine contributes to distinct membrane biophysical interactions that lead to potent lipid antioxidant effects, independent of calcium channel modulation. These findings provide insights into potential new mechanisms of action for the charged CCA amlodipine.
Syria's World Cultural Heritage and Individual Criminal Responsibility

Recent reports have confirmed damage to five of the six Syrian world heritage sites during the current armed conflict as well as extensive looting of several of its archaeological sites on the Syrian Tentative List of world heritage. This article examines the role and fate of Syrian world cultural heritage from the beginning of the conflict, maps out the different cultural property obligations applicable to Syria while illustrating, where possible, how they may have been violated. Then, it assesses if and how those responsible for these acts can be prosecuted and punished. The analysis reveals an accountability gap concerning crimes against Syrian world cultural heritage. As such, the article proposes to reinstate the debate over crimes against common cultural heritage which once arose in the context of the Buddhas of Bamiyan.
On factors affecting the usage and adoption of a nation-wide TV streaming service

Using nine months of access logs comprising 1.9 Billion sessions to BBC iPlayer, we survey the UK ISP ecosystem to understand the factors affecting adoption and usage of a high bandwidth TV streaming application across different providers. We find evidence that connection speeds are important and that external events can have a huge impact for live TV usage. Then, through a temporal analysis of the access logs, we demonstrate that data usage caps imposed by mobile ISPs significantly affect usage patterns, and look for solutions. We show that product bundle discounts with a related fixed-line ISP, a strategy already employed by some mobile providers, can better support user needs and capture a bigger share of accesses. We observe that users regularly split their sessions between mobile and fixed-line connections, suggesting a straightforward strategy for offloading by speculatively pre-fetching content from a fixed-line ISP before access on mobile devices.