Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Headaches in patients with previous head injuries: A population-based historical cohort study (HUNT)

Background Headache attributed to head injury is claimed to be among the most common secondary headache disorders, yet available epidemiological evidence is scarce. We evaluated the prevalence of headache among individuals previously exposed to head injury by a comparison to an uninjured control group. Methods This population-based historical cohort study used data from hospital records on previous exposure to head injury linked to a large epidemiological survey with data on headache occurrence. Participants without head injury, according to hospital records, were used as controls. The head injuries were classified according to the Head Injury Severity Scale (HISS) and the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 beta). Binary logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between headache and head injury, controlling for potential confounders. Results The exposed group consisted of 940 individuals and the control group of 38,751 individuals. In the multivariate analyses, adjusting for age, sex, anxiety, depression and socioeconomic status, there were significant associations between mild head injury and any headache, migraine, chronic daily headache and medication overuse headache. Conclusion Headache was more likely among individuals previously referred to a hospital for a mild head injury compared to uninjured controls.
An integrated secondary prevention group programme reduces depression in cardiac patients

Objective Depression is common following an acute cardiac event and can occur at a time when behaviour change is strongly recommended to reduce the risk of further cardiovascular events. The ‘Beating Heart Problems’ programme was designed to support cardiac patients in behaviour change and mood management. Methods The programme was based on cognitive behaviour therapy and motivational interviewing. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the 8-week group programme with usual care was undertaken between 2007 and 2010. All patients attended a hospital-based clinic for assessment of physiological risk factors at baseline (6 weeks after their acute event), and at 4- and 12-month follow up. Psychological and behavioural indicators were assessed by self-report questionnaires. Of the 275 patients enrolled into the RCT, 42 (15%) had Beck Depression Inventory-II scores >13 at baseline. Treatment and control group comparisons were undertaken for this subgroup, using growth curve modelling and testing for group differences over time in psychological, physiological, health behaviour, and self-efficacy measures. Results Significantly greater improvements (p < 0.01) in depression symptoms and self-rated health were reported for the intervention group, as well as significantly larger gains in confidence in managing depression (p < 0.05) and anger (p < 0.01). Trends (0.05 < p < 0.10) for larger treatment group improvements were also seen for anxiety symptoms and confidence in managing anxiety. Conclusion A group secondary-prevention programme that integrates behavioural and mood management strategies leads to decreased depression, increased confidence, and improved health perceptions in depressed cardiac patients.
Efficient serial and parallel implementation of programmable fir filters based on the merging technique

This paper presents a novel architecture for the efficient implementation of parallel and serial programmable FIR filters. In the parallel merged architecture, both the input data and the coefficients operate in bit-parallel form. In the serial merged architecture, input data enters the circuit in Modified-Booth encoded digits, while the coefficients are kept in bit-parallel form. The proposed schemes are based on a low latency filter structure, where adjacent multiply-add units are merged to reduce the number of carry-save registers of the accumulation path to the half. The computation of intermediate terms is implemented using the carry-save arithmetic. Based on theoretical estimation models of hardware complexity and switching activity, it is shown that the presented schemes result in circuits with reduced area and power consumption, compared to other parallel and serial FIR filter architectures presented in the bibliography.
Attribute knowledge integration for speech recognition based on multi-task learning neural networks

It has been demonstrated that the speech recognition performance can be improved by adding extra articulatory information, and subsequently, how to use such information effectively becomes a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose an attribute-based knowledge integration architecture which is realized by modeling and learning both acoustic and articulatory cues simultaneously in a uniform framework. The framework promotes the performance by providing attribute-based knowledge in both feature and model domains. In model domain, the attribute classiﬁcation is used as the secondary task to improve the performance of an MTL-DNN used for speech recognition by lifting the discriminative ability on pronunciation. In feature domain, an attribute-based feature is extracted from an MTL-DNN trained with attribute classiﬁcation as its primary task and phonetic/tri-phone state classiﬁcation as the secondary task. Experiments on TIMIT and WSJ corpuses show that the proposed framework achieves signiﬁcant performance improvements compared with the baseline DNN-HMM systems.
Ensemble Properties of RVQ-Based Limited-Feedback Beamforming Codebooks

The ensemble properties of random vector quantization (RVQ) codebooks for limited-feedback beamforming in multiinput multioutput (MIMO) systems are studied with the metrics of interest being the received \ssr SNR loss and mutual information loss, both relative to a perfect channel state information (CSI) benchmark. The simplest case of unskewed codebooks is first studied in the correlated MIMO setting and these loss metrics are computed as a function of the number of bits of feedback ( B), transmit antenna dimension ( Nt), and spatial correlation. In particular, it is established that: 1) the loss metrics are a product of two components-a quantization component and a channel-dependent component; 2) the quantization component, which is also common to analysis of channels with i.i. d. fading, decays as B increases at the rate 2-B/(Nt-1); 3) the channel-dependent component reflects the condition number of the channel. Further, the precise connection between the received \ssr SNR loss and the squared singular values of the channel is shown to be a Schur-convex majorization relationship. Finally, the ensemble properties of skewed codebooks that are generated by skewing RVQ codebooks with an appropriately designed fixed skewing matrix are studied. Based on an estimate of the loss expression for skewed codebooks, it is established that the structure of a good skewing matrix is critically dependent on the condition numbers of the effective channel (product of the true channel and the skewing matrix) and the skewing matrix.
Exact Identification of the Structure of a Probabilistic Boolean Network from Samples

We study the number of samples required to uniquely determine the structure of a probabilistic Boolean network (PBN), where PBNs are probabilistic extensions of Boolean networks. We show via theoretical analysis and computational analysis that the structure of a PBN can be exactly identified with high probability from a relatively small number of samples for interesting classes of PBNs of bounded indegree. On the other hand, we also show that there exist classes of PBNs for which it is impossible to uniquely determine the structure of a PBN from samples.
Business School Strategies for the Single European Market

Throughout Europe business schools are redesigning their strategies to cope with the rapidly developing Single European Market. As the SEM evolves as a distinct entity, so does the notion of a European manager and a European management distinct from the American model, and even more distinct from the several Asian models. Business schools are having to discover how to prepare managers for Europe; how the schools will compete in the changing market; how they will transform themselves in order to compete effectively in future; what resources, capabilities, and knowledge they will have to develop. This article uses the authors' combined experience of working in European management education in the UK, France, Germany and Spain to analyse the different strategies being pursued by business schools, and to identify some of the key issues and problem areas involved in transforming a business school from being a local or national school to being a real European competitor.
Browsing Music and sound using gestures in a Self-Organized 3D Space

As digital music and sound collections increase in size there has been a lot of work in developing novel interfaces for browsing them. Many of these interfaces rely on automatic content analysis techniques to create representations that reflect similarities between the music pieces or sounds in the collection. Representations in 3D have the potential to convey more information but can be difficult to navigate using the traditional ways of providing input to a computer such as a keyboard and mouse. Utilizing sensors capable of sensing motion in 3-dimensions, we propose a new system for browsing music in augmented reality. Our system places audio files in a virtual cube. The placement of the files into the cube is realized through the use of audio feature extraction and self-organizing maps (SOMs). The system is controlled using gestures, and sound spatialization is utilized to provide auditory cues about the topography of the music or sound collection.
An ecoregion assessment of projected tree species vulnerabilities in western North America through the 21st century

Forest ecosystems across western North America will likely see shifts in both tree species dominance and composition over the rest of this century in response to climate change. Our objective in this study was to identify which ecological regions might expect the greatest changes to occur. We used the process‐based growth model 3‐PG, to provide estimates of tree species responses to changes in environmental conditions and to evaluate the extent that species are resilient to shifts in climate over the rest of this century. We assessed the vulnerability of 20 tree species in western North America using the Canadian global circulation model under three different emission scenarios. We provided detailed projections of species shifts by including soil maps that account for the spatial variation in soil water availability and soil fertility as well as by utilizing annual climate projections of monthly changes in air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit and frost at a spatial resolution of one km. Projected suitable areas for tree species were compared to their current ranges based on observations at >40 000 field survey plots. Tree species were classified as vulnerable if environmental conditions projected in the future appear outside that of their current distribution ≥70% of the time. We added a migration constraint that limits species dispersal to <200 m yr−1 to provide more realistic projections on species distributions. Based on these combinations of constraints, we predicted the greatest changes in the distribution of dominant tree species to occur within the Northwest Forested Mountains and the highest number of tree species stressed will likely be in the North American Deserts. Projected climatic changes appear especially unfavorable for species in the subalpine zone, where major shifts in composition may lead to the emergence of new forest types.
Quadtree decomposition based extended vector space model for image retrieval

Bag of visual words approach for image retrieval does not exploit the spatial distribution of visual words in an image. Previous attempts to incorporate the spatial distribution include modification of visual vocabulary using visual phrases along with visual words and use of spatial pyramid matching (SPM) techniques for comparing two images. This paper proposes a novel extended vector space based image retrieval technique which takes into account the spatial occurrence (context) of a visual word in an image along with the co-occurrence of other visual words in a pre-defined region (block) of the image obtained by quadtree decomposition of the image up to a fixed level of resolution. Experiments show a 19.22% increase in Mean Average Precision (MAP) over the BoW approach for the Caltech 101 database.
Optimizing inter-instruction value communication through degree of use prediction

The design of high-performance value communication structures represents a significant challenge in the implementation of future microprocessors. The complexity of these structures—namely, the register file, the bypass network, and the instruction window—dwarfs that of the actual instruction execution hardware and has become the predominant factor in determining the maximum operating frequency. Being wire-dominated, these structures also benefit less from technology scaling than the execution circuitry, increasing the importance of this problem. Value communication structures are complex because they are overly general. Each of these structures is built to support the most general possible communication pattern for each value. However, examining value communication in actual programs reveals that most values are involved in simple communication, such as producer to single consumer. This dissertation proposes an alternate model for inter-instruction register value communication in which values may be handled differently by mechanisms optimized to their individual needs. The foundation for this model is knowledge of communication on a per-value basis. The communication resource requirements of a value are summarized by its degree of use, which is simply the number of consumers of that value. Accurate degree of use information may be obtained speculatively via a prediction mechanism. This information may then be used to handle each value in the most efficient manner available. This dissertation makes three major contributions to the development of this communication model. First, an in-depth study of register value communication in terms of the degree of use is presented in order to demonstrate the opportunity for alternative communication mechanisms. Second, methods for the accurate prediction of degree of use are presented and characterized. Finally, two proof-of-concept applications of the degree of use knowledge are developed. Useless instruction elimination exploits the occurrence of degree of use zero values, which have no consumers. Avoiding the execution of instructions generating such values reduces resource utilization, and, under resource contention, improves performance. Use-based register caching applies degree of use information to the management of a register cache. The resulting insight into each value's communication behavior allows the limited cache space to be used more effectively than previously proposed register caches.
Correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor levels and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving radiofrequency ablation

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels on prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The 110 HCC patients who received computed tomography (CT) guided RFA were enrolled in this study. The levels of serum VEGF were determined before and after RFA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). According to the ELISA results, the patients were divided into the negative group and the positive group. The patient's progression-free survival time was determined. It was demonstrated that the serum VEGF had no significant correlation with ages, sex and tumour size. There were no significant peripheral blood supplies around tumour necrosis. The results showed that higher levels of serum VEGF had a worse prognosis when compared to the patients with lower levels of serum VEGF. The difference between the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and those when area under curves equalled 0.5 was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The serum VEGF level in liver cancer patients can be used as a prognostic indicator for evaluating the efficacy of RFA treatments.
Análisis crítico del discurso de los académicos

En este articulo se pretende analizar la forma en que se construye discursivamente el conocimiento con el fin de comprender las formas en que el conocimiento es afectado por las relaciones de poder. Ademas de un genuino interes por conocer los aspectos linguisticos del problema, existe un interes epistemologico por averiguar sobre las maneras de investigar y de aproximarse al conocimiento en las humanidades, y un interes ideologico por conocer mas sobre los grados de dependencia del conocimiento ajeno (internacional) y el reconocimiento al conocimiento propio (nacional). Para cumplir con este fin se analizan 59 articulos de la revista Akademos, publicacion de la Facultad de Humanidades y Educacion de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, a partir de dos aproximaciones metodologicas: la reflexion critica como medio para comprender como se construyen los textos en la dinamica social y el analisis critico del discurso como medio de construccion de significados en la interaccion social y dialogica. A modo de conclusion es posible senalar que la revista Akademos denota un dialogo academico joven y dinamico, que se perfila como un espacio que busca una identidad propia y una mejor calidad en cada ocasion, y esta depende fundamentalmente de los editores "controladores" de la interaccion. El analisis realizado invita a reflexionar acerca de las politicas de investigacion, el papel de los editores de revistas y la participacion activa de los investigadores en sus respectivas comunidades academicas.
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Enhancement Factors: A Comprehensive Study

This paper presents an in-depth study of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) enhancement factors (EFs) and cross-sections, including several issues often overlooked. In particular, various possible rigorous definitions of the SERS EFs are introduced and discussed in the context of SERS applications, such as analytical chemistry and single molecule SERS. These definitions highlight the importance of a careful characterization of the non-SERS cross-sections of the probes under consideration. This aspect is illustrated by experimental results for the non-SERS cross-sections of representative SERS probes along with average SERS EFs for the same probes. In addition, the accurate experimental determination of single molecule enhancement factors is tackled with two recently developed techniques, namely: bi-analyte SERS (BiASERS) and temperature-dependent SERS vibrational pumping. We demonstrate that SERS EFs as low as 107, as opposed to the figure of 1014 often claimed in the literature, are sufficient for.
The ERECTA receptor kinase regulates Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem size, phyllotaxy and floral meristem identity

In plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) serves as a reservoir of pluripotent stem cells from which all above ground organs originate. To sustain proper growth, the SAM must maintain homeostasis between the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells and cell recruitment for lateral organ formation. At the core of the network that regulates this homeostasis in Arabidopsis are the WUSCHEL (WUS) transcription factor specifying stem cell fate and the CLAVATA (CLV) ligand-receptor system limiting WUS expression. In this study, we identified the ERECTA (ER) pathway as a second receptor kinase signaling pathway that regulates WUS expression, and therefore shoot apical and floral meristem size, independently of the CLV pathway. We demonstrate that reduction in class III HD-ZIP and ER function together leads to a significant increase in WUS expression, resulting in extremely enlarged shoot meristems and a switch from spiral to whorled vegetative phyllotaxy. We further show that strong upregulation of WUS in the inflorescence meristem leads to ectopic expression of the AGAMOUS homeotic gene to a level that switches cell fate from floral meristem founder cell to carpel founder cell, suggesting an indirect role for ER in regulating floral meristem identity. This work illustrates the delicate balance between stem cell specification and differentiation in the meristem and shows that a shift in this balance leads to abnormal phyllotaxy and to altered reproductive cell fate.
Mediated and Nonmediated Relationships of Personality Components to Loneliness

The purpose of the study was to test the unique contribution of certain personality components to loneliness. It was hypothesized that the influence of attribution style, self-disclosure, and perspective-taking ability would be mediated by social anxiety and deficits in social skills knowledge because the latter components are more likely to directly inhibit social interaction. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that social anxiety accounted for a substantial amount of loneliness score variance, and once this variable entered the regression, attribution style and perspective-taking ability were unrelated to loneliness. Self-disclosure evidenced a unique relationship with loneliness and added a significant increment to loneliness score variance. Results are discussed relative to the theoretical literature on personality predictors of loneliness.
An in vitro demonstration of CMOS-based optoelectronic neural interface device for optogenetics

A CMOS-based neural interface device equipped with an integrated micro light source array for optogenetics was fabricated and demonstrated. A GaInN LED array formed on sapphire substrate was successfully assembled with a multifunctional CMOS image sensor that is capable of on-chip current injection. We demonstrated a functionality of light stimulation onto ChR2-expressed cells in an in vitro experiment. A ChR2-expressed cell were successfully stimulated with the light emitted from the fabricated device.
Language use in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary report

Abstract Recent research into attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) proposes that difficulties with aspects of executive function are reflected in the manifestations of this disorder. Specifically, difficulties with behavioural self-regulation are implicated. Language is thought to play a significant role in behavioural regulation and therefore it is reasonable to expect that language skills might somehow reflect that underlying difficulty. A study is currently under way which seeks to test this hypothesis. A Systemic Functional Linguistics approach is employed to evaluate the language use of a sample group of 8- to 12-year-old children who have been diagnosed with ADHD. The approach also incorporates an evaluation of the impact of changes in context and text type on language use in these children. This paper describes aspects of the data collected for the current study from a single subject pair. It explores a range of preliminary analyses that might provide a suitable basis for further analysis and comparison of ensuing data.