Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Main Street Versus Riverboat Gambling: Sinking" the Boat in Madison, Indiana

In June of 1993 the state of Indiana legalized riverboat gambling and made available 11 licenses to gambling operations. Unlike other states, Indiana required that county referendums be held prior to the development of riverboat gambling projects within qualified counties. Predictably, numerous local interest groups were formed with the intent of convincing voters to either support or to oppose riverboat gambling. Ultimately, Jefferson County, along the Ohio River, handed gambling interests the largest referendum defeat in Indiana. While popular explanations for the defeat focus on economic and moral agendas, data revealed here indicate that a strong, community–based sense of place for the town of Madison played a significant role in the referendum outcome. As the seat of Jefferson County, the city of Madison stood to have the integrity of its historic downtown area severely compromised with the planned riverfront development project. This paper examines the strong sense of place for downtown Madison and the important role which sense of place played in the defeat of riverboat gambling in Jefferson County.
The Small GTPase RhoA Localizes to the Nucleus and Is Activated by Net1 and DNA Damage Signals

Background Rho GTPases control many cellular processes, including cell survival, gene expression and migration. Rho proteins reside mainly in the cytosol and are targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) upon specific activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Accordingly, most GEFs are also cytosolic or associated with the PM. However, Net1, a RhoA-specific GEF predominantly localizes to the cell nucleus at steady-state. Nuclear localization for Net1 has been seen as a mechanism for sequestering the GEF away from RhoA, effectively rendering the protein inactive. However, considering the prominence of nuclear Net1 and the fact that a biological stimulus that promotes Net1 translocation out the nucleus to the cytosol has yet to be discovered, we hypothesized that Net1 might have a previously unidentified function in the nucleus of cells. Principal Findings Using an affinity precipitation method to pulldown the active form of Rho GEFs from different cellular fractions, we show here that nuclear Net1 does in fact exist in an active form, contrary to previous expectations. We further demonstrate that a fraction of RhoA resides in the nucleus, and can also be found in a GTP-bound active form and that Net1 plays a role in the activation of nuclear RhoA. In addition, we show that ionizing radiation (IR) specifically promotes the activation of the nuclear pool of RhoA in a Net1-dependent manner, while the cytoplasmic activity remains unchanged. Surprisingly, irradiating isolated nuclei alone also increases nuclear RhoA activity via Net1, suggesting that all the signals required for IR-induced nuclear RhoA signaling are contained within the nucleus. Conclusions/Significance These results demonstrate the existence of a functional Net1/RhoA signaling pathway within the nucleus of the cell and implicate them in the DNA damage response.
Poverty Reduction : The Case of Ghana 1991-2006

Ghana has seen notable poverty reduction alongside improvements in school participation since 1991. This paper examines the role of education in determining welfare and poverty and its reciprocal, the role of welfare and other aspects of economic privilege in the determination of school attendance and progression. Two groups of models are presented using data from the Ghana Living Standards Surveys. The results suggest that education levels play an important role in determining household welfare and that higher levels of education have relatively larger and increasing benefits. Improvements are observed in relation to lower levels of educational access over the period, while the lucrative benefits of progression beyond the compulsory phase are found largely to be the preserve of relatively economically privileged households.
Location estimation in large indoor multi-floor buildings using hybrid networks

This paper presents results for an approach for indoor location estimation that integrates received signal strength (RSS) data from both WiFi and GSM networks. Previous work has focused on relatively small indoor environments. In many potential applications, getting approximate location information, such as in which room the mobile user is, is adequate. A hierarchical clustering method is used to partition the RSS space. To choose the best transmitters in a partition, we assess the amount of RSS variance that is attributable to different base stations (BSs) or access points (APs) by transforming the RSS tuples into principal components (PCs). This allows us to retain most of the useful information of detectable transmitters in fewer dimensions. In our experiments, we collected WiFi and cellular RSS on the 2nd and 3rd-floor electronic engineering (EE) building in Queen Mary campus. The experiment results show that the proposed method can provide a good accuracy of room prediction, especially when we integrate WiFi RSS with GSM RSS together to do the positioning.
Factors related to dental health in 12-year-old children: a cross-sectional study in pupils.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify factors related to the prevalence of caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out using a representative sample (n = 1217) of the population of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Galiza (northwest Spain). Independent variables were measured through a questionnaire, and dependent variables were determined through oral examination. Multiple and logistic regression were applied. RESULTS The decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth/decayed, filled primary teeth (DMFT-dft) value in the sample was 1.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67-1.98), the DMFT value was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.37-1.67), and the prevalence of caries was 61% (95% CI, 57.7-64.5). The prevalence of caries was directly related to a low frequency of brushing, greater use of toothpaste, and a higher consumption of sweets. The prevalence of caries was higher in rural than in urban areas. In contrast, the higher the mother's level of education and the greater the subject's knowledge of dental health, the lower the prevalence of caries. CONCLUSIONS The main goals of dental health programmes should be to achieve quality brushing every day in children, to reduce the consumption of sweets, and to increase knowledge of dental health.
Alternância de código entre o português e o cantonês e construção de identidade no discurso de uma macaense

Resumo: Esse trabalho propõe-se a analisar, na sequência do contacto entre as línguas portuguesa e chinesa, durante mais de quatro séculos, em Macau, o uso do code-switching (CS) do português para o cantonês na interação espontânea entre quatro mulheres macaenses. Como arcabouço teórico, trabalhei com a sociolinguística interacional de forma a depreender funções pragmático-interativas para essa alternância de código. Consideramos aqui que o CS constitui uma das mais significativas marcas identitárias desta comunidade.
Neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer’s disease: role of axonal transport

Neurotrophic factors (NTF) are small, versatile proteins that maintain survival and function to specific neuronal populations. In general, the axonal transport of NTF is important as not all of them are synthesized at the site of its action. Nerve growth factor (NGF), for instance, is produced in the neocortex and the hippocampus and then retrogradely transported to the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. Neurodegenerative dementias like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are linked to deficits in axonal transport. Furthermore, they are also associated with imbalanced distribution and dysregulation of NTF. In particular, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in cognition, learning and memory formation by modulating synaptic plasticity and is, therefore, a critical molecule in dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the changes of NTF expression and distribution (NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin‐3, neurotrophin‐4/5 and fibroblast growth factor‐2) and their receptors [tropomyosin‐related kinase (Trk)A, TrkB, TrkC and p75NTR] in AD and AD models. In addition, we focus on the interaction with neuropathological hallmarks Tau/neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid‐β (Abeta)/amyloid plaque pathology and their influence on axonal transport processes in order to unify AD‐specific cholinergic degeneration and Tau and Abeta misfolding through NTF pathophysiology.
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Express Functional NKp30 Receptor Inducing Type 2 Cytokine Production

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are important in effector functions for eliciting allergic inflammation, parasite defense, epithelial repair, and lipid homeostasis. ILC2 lack rearranged Ag-specific receptors, and although many soluble factors such as cytokines and lipid mediators can influence ILC2, direct interaction of these cells with the microenvironment and other cells has been less explored. Natural cytotoxicity receptors are expressed by subsets of group 1 ILC and group 3 ILC and thought to be important for their effector function, but they have not been shown to be expressed by ILC2. Therefore, we sought to investigate the expression and functional properties of the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30 on human ILC2. A subset of ex vivo and cultured ILC2 express NKp30 that upon interaction with its cognate activatory ligand B7-H6 induces rapid production of type 2 cytokines. This interaction can be blocked by NKp30 blocking Ab and an inhibitory ligand, galectin-3. Higher expression of B7-H6 was observed in lesional skin biopsies of patients with atopic dermatitis, and incubation of keratinocytes with proinflammatory and type 2 cytokines upregulated B7-H6, leading to increased ILC2 cytokine production. NKp30–B7-H6 interaction is a novel cell contact mechanism that mediates activation of ILC2 and identifies a potential target for the development of novel therapeutics for atopic dermatitis and other atopic diseases.
The entropic contributions in vitamin B12 enzymes still reflect the electrostatic paradigm

Significance The origin of the catalytic power of B12 enzymes has been a major puzzle despite our previous finding that this effect is due to electrostatic stabilization of the leaving group. Recent findings of very large entropic contributions to catalysis were presented as an alternative to the electrostatic idea. Here, we use our ability to evaluate entropic contributions by the restraint release (RR) approach to reexamine the nature of the catalytic effect. The RR approach reproduces the observed entropic contributions to the activation barrier and demonstrates that the entropic effect is due to the previously identified electrostatic factors. Thus, we have further substantiated our paradigm for the origin of the catalytic power of B12 enzymes. The catalytic power of enzymes containing coenzyme B12 has been, in some respects, the “last bastion” for the strain hypothesis. Our previous study of this system established by a careful sampling that the major part of the catalytic effect is due to the electrostatic interaction between the ribose of the ado group and the protein and that the strain contribution is very small. This finding has not been sufficiently appreciated due to misunderstandings of the power of the empirical valence bond (EVB) calculations and the need of sufficient sampling. Furthermore, some interesting new experiments point toward entropic effects as the source of the catalytic power, casting doubt on the validity of the electrostatic idea, at least, in the case of B12 enzymes. Here, we focus on the observation of the entropic effects and on analyzing their origin. We clarify that our EVB approach evaluates free energies rather than enthalpies and demonstrate by using the restraint release (RR) approach that the observed entropic contribution to the activation barrier is of electrostatic origin. Our study illustrates the power of the RR approach by evaluating the entropic contributions to catalysis and provides further support to our paradigm for the origin of the catalytic power of B12 enzymes. Overall, our study provides major support to our electrostatic preorganization idea and also highlights the basic requirements from ab initio quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations of activation free energies of enzymatic reactions.
IoTsec: UML Extension for Internet of Things Systems Security Modelling

The Internet of things (IoT) is the natural evolution of the current Internet. As such, IoT systems do not just handle critical information as passwords, identities, personal information, routines, etc., but they also are able to control a whole variety of systems, for instance a robotic network in the automotive industry, autonomous cars networks, human health care and many systems in other domains. Hence, the existence of IoT systems that do not involve security mechanisms should be unthinkable; nevertheless there are not new standards which take into account the security of these systems. This proposal introduces a new UML extension which involves security issues encapsulated within a nomenclature, UML stereotypes to model common actors and UML notation extensions. All this with the aim of providing IoT developers with an useful notation to model security in IoT system from their designing stage, even if they are not completely familiar with cybersecurity concepts.
Curriculum reform in contemporary China: seven goals and six strategies

Curriculum developers and scholars in China are facing a set of inter‐related issues around the goals and the strategies of curriculum reform. This paper argues that there are, as in every process of curriculum development, seven goals to be addressed within China's curriculum reform: (1) the establishment of a new curriculum philosophy or ideal; (2) the development of educational objectives; (3) the renewal of educational content and experience; (4) the reconstruction of a model of curriculum organization; (5) innovation in curriculum materials; (6) the establishment of an active mode of teaching and instruction; and (7) the establishment of a new system of curriculum evaluation. Six strategies are needed for China to reach these goals: (1) improving the system of curriculum management; (2) redeveloping the mechanisms of curriculum reform; (3) promoting school‐based curriculum development; (4) integrating information technology with curriculum; (5) emphasizing teachers' professional development; and (6) encouraging the whole nation's participation in the reform.
Brachial-to-radial SBP amplification: implications of age and estimated central blood pressure from radial tonometry

Objectives: The reference standard for noninvasive estimation of central blood pressure (BP) is radial tonometry calibrated using brachial SBP and DBP. Brachial-to-radial-SBP amplification (B-R-SBPAmp) may introduce error into central BP estimation, but the magnitude of such amplification is uncertain. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and effect of ageing on B-R-SBPAmp; the effect of B-R-SBPAmp on radial tonometry estimated central SBP; and correlates of B-R-SBPAmp. Methods: Forty young (28 ± 5 years) and 20 older (60 ± 8 years) healthy participants underwent brachial and radial artery ultrasound to identify SBP from the first Doppler flow inflection during BP cuff deflation (first Korotkoff sound). Impedance cardiography, ultrasound, tonometry and anthropometric data were collected to explore B-R-SBPAmp correlates. Results: Radial SBP was significantly higher than brachial SBP in younger (118 ± 12 versus 110 ± 10 mmHg; P < 0.001) and older (135 ± 12 versus 121 ± 11 mmHg; P < 0.001) participants. The magnitude of B-R-SBPAmp (radial minus brachial SBP) was higher in older than younger participants (14 ± 7 versus 8 ± 7 mmHg; P = 0.002), independent of sex and heart rate. Estimated central SBP was higher in both age groups when radial waveforms were recalibrated using radial (versus brachial) SBP (P < 0.001). The central SBP change relative to B-R-SBPAmp was associated with augmentation index (r = 0.739, P < 0.001), independent of age, sex and heart rate. Age, male sex and high-density lipoprotein each positively related to B-R-SBPAmp in multiple regression analysis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Major B-R-SBPAmp occurs in healthy people and is higher with increasing age. Furthermore, B-R-SBPAmp contributes to underestimation of radial tonometry derived central SBP.
Online crisis communication response: A case study of fraudulent banking transactions in South Africa

Abstract The emergence and advancement of information technology – specifically the replacement of face-toface services with innovative self-service technology, such as banking transactions on the Internet – is forcing companies to adopt a proactive approach to online crisis communication response, and to combine the management and control of online messages during a crisis. In the financial services industry, deregulation and the rapid growth in technology have removed entry barriers in the online environment, forcing financial institutions to transform from the traditional brick-and-mortar to click-and-mortar service delivery, while at the same time allaying customers’ fears (and the perceived risk) of fraudulent online transactions. Although studies have been conducted on the adoption, use, perceived risk and purchase intention of self-service technology, limited research has examined the knowledge management of an online crisis communication response. Knowledge management, which focuses on the acquisition, transfer and assimilation of information, is one way in which to manage messages effectively before, during and after an online crisis communication response situation. The main aim of this article is to identify and characterise typologies of the management and control of messages in an online crisis communication response, through an interpretative and critical analysis of fraudulent websites, based on the main premises of the knowledge management approach. This is done through a case study approach: the website of one of the top ten banks in South Africa was studied in terms of it dealt with fraudulent banking transactions, specifically from the knowledge management paradigm.
The Impact of Demographic Heterogeneity and Team Leader-Team Member Demographic Fit on Team Empowerment and Effectiveness

The authors report the results of an investigation on how demographic heterogeneity in work teams influences team empowerment and team effectiveness. Using data collected from 111 intact work teams in four organizations, it was found that team race heterogeneity was negatively related to team empowerment and to multiple indicators of team effectiveness. Teams were also less effective when their team leaders had longer, rather than shorter, organizational tenure. Team empowerment fully mediated the relationships that race heterogeneity had with team leader ratings of team effectiveness and partially mediated the relationships with team member ratings. In addition, demographic dissimilarity between team leaders and their teams on race was negatively related to empowerment and team leader ratings of team effectiveness; and team members reported less empowerment when led by older team leaders. The authors discuss both theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.
Information System Training, Usage, and Satisfaction

This study used a mail survey to explore the extent to which the hospitality industry employs various information technologies, including computer-mediated communication systems. In addition, we examined the relationships between users' perceptions of computer training and their reported satisfaction and usage of specific computerized information systems. The results indicate that: (1) hotel/motel size and chain-affiliation are related to information system complexity; (2) chain-affiliated hotels/motels provide less computer training, and less “in-house” training, than independents; (3) more training is reportedly provided for electronic cash registers than personal computers; (4) information system complexity is positively related to user satisfaction; (5) computer training is associated with higher levels of system usage and user satisfaction; and (6) user expertise is strongly related to system usage. Finally, we consider directions for future research and the implications of these findings for managers in the hospitality industry and beyond.
Constructing hegemonic masculinities: evidence from Greek narrative performances

In this article we draw upon the notions of heterosexuality, heteronormativity, agency and responsibility in order to investigate the construction of hegemonic masculinities through stories produced by Greek male adolescents. Our data are part of a broader set of narrative data collected in the context of a research project aiming to record and analyse naturally occurring talk of Greek youths. We adopt the model of narrative positioning in order to explore how young men narratively construct their identities as heterosexual human beings. The narratives at hand deal with sexually related encounters in which our male narrators are involved with women who hold senior, institutional roles. The story topics are presented as unconventional, and our narrators diminish their agency and responsibility for the sexually related acts, which, in turn, are attributed to female characters. We explore and unpack the subtle ways in which our narrators position themselves in relation to heterosexuality and heteronormativity, and how this contributes to the construction of their (hegemonic) masculine selves. To this end, we attempt to probe deeper into the notion of hegemonic masculinity.
Towards a 'Science of Movement': Identity, Authority and Influence in the Production of Social Stability and Social Change

In this paper, we argue for social psychology as 'a science of movement'. We argue that such a science must problematise the status quo and focus on the way in which social stability as well as social change is actively produced. Key to this project is a recognition that human action arises in a context where multiple voices seek to mobilise people in different directions. The question of which voice prevails depends upon processes of social identification that provide a basis for authority and influence. We illustrate this approach, first, by examining the dynamics of crowd behaviour. We use the Elaborated Social Identity Model (ESIM) to examine when people pay heed to those who advocate a challenge to authority and when, by contrast, participation increases their acceptance of existing authority. We then go on examine Milgram's famous 'obedience' studies, looking again at when participants shun the voice of authority and when they heed it. In contrast to conventional explanations which take conformity to authority as a given, we propose an 'engaged follower' perspective in which conformity depends upon identification with the cause which authority represents. We finish by showing how Milgram actively managed participants' identification in order to mobilise their compliance.
The Interpersonal Neurobiology of Clinical Intuition

This article addresses clinical intuition from the standpoint of interpersonal neurobiology, the study of how brains, minds, and bodies are shaped through relationship. First, clinical intuition is placed in a developmental framework consistent with nonlinear science. Then, the operation of intuition is described in terms of implicit processes, which operate automatically in bottom-up fashion, as guided by the right brain, under the radar of conscious awareness. A case example of intuition in action demonstrates the holistic potential of a single image to illuminate the nature of a problem plus point the way toward resolution. This article ends with a cautionary note about the limitations of clinical intuition.