Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological and electrophysiological indices of neurocognitive dysfunction in bipolar II disorder.

OBJECTIVES There are conflicting findings regarding the nature and degree of neurocognitive dysfunction in bipolar II disorder (BD II). The aim of this study was to describe different levels of neurocognitive functioning in BD II by combining behavior-based methods (neuropsychological testing) and event-related potentials (ERP). METHODS Twenty-five consecutively referred outpatients fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for BD II and 28 matched controls performed a neuropsychological test battery targeting working memory/attention, executive functions, verbal and visual memory, and psychomotor speed. In addition, ERPs for measuring early and controlled stages of information processing were recorded using a duration mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm and a three-tone auditory oddball paradigm. RESULTS Compared to controls, BD II patients' performance was significantly impaired on all neuropsychological measures, except for phonemic verbal fluency, with moderate to strong effect sizes ranging from 0.62 to 1.34. The ERP results indicate dysfunctions in early stages of information processing, showing a significant MMN latency increase and attenuated frontal amplitudes in BD II patients. Female patients showed increased P3a latency compared to female controls, but no group differences were found for P3b latency or amplitude, the ERP component expressing controlled information processing. CONCLUSIONS The functional significance of neuropsychological impairment is discussed. Differences regarding some aspects of executive function may be related to psychomotor speed, and not primarily to dysexecutive functioning. ERP results must be interpreted with caution, but the differences found in MMN latency and amplitudes may be related to fronto-temporal circuitry underlying pre-attentive stimulus change detection as measured by MMN, and are discussed in relation to previous research on MMN in other neuropsychiatric conditions.
Frequent Pattern Mining of Trajectory Coordinates using Apriori Algorithm

Frequent pattern mining has been an emerging and active field in data mining research for over a decade. Abundant literature has been emerged from this research and tremendous progress has been made in numerous research frontiers. This article, provide an application of the modified Apriori algorithm in coordinate sets of trajectories to find the frequent trajectory coordinates. In this algorithm additional steps are added to prune the coordinate sets generated so that to reduce the unnecessary search time and space. This sequential pattern mining method is quite simple in nature but complex to implement. This paper explains the basics of data origination, database structure to hold the coordinate datasets and the implementation of the algorithm with the object oriented programming language by an illustration. It can be applied to interesting game domains to find the frequent trajectory of an object shot by a player which follows a trajectory path.
Persistent infection with mouse hepatitis virus 3 in mouse lymphoid cell lines

The sensitivity of mice to mouse hepatitis virus 3 (MHV3) varies according to strain, age, and immune status of the animals. In semisusceptible strains, mice surviving the acute phase of infection develop a chronic disease characterized by the occurrence of paralysis, virus persistence, and immunodeficiency. Persistent MHV3 infections established in vitro in YAC and RDM -4 mouse lymphoid cell lines were characterized by virus production, presence of cytoplasmic viral antigens, and cell lysis. The occurrence of cell "crisis" in YAC cells was manifested by a sharp increase in cell lysis and in the number of fluorescent cells and, concomitantly, by a marked decrease in virus titers. A relationship was observed among the percentage of fluorescent cells, cell lysis, and virus yield and was modulated by renewal of culture media, change in temperature, or inhibition of cellular RNA synthesis. Cell cloning and antibody treatment experiments indicated that viral transmission was performed by viral infection of newly permissive cells produced by the division of uninfected cells in the culture and not by transmission of viral information by infected dividing cells. The biological and biochemical properties of MHV3 variants derived from persistently infected YAC lymphoid cells were characterized. Thermosensitivity and thermolability of cloned viruses originating from persistently infected YAC cells, as well as parent virus suspensions, were studied. A similar heterogeneity was observed when YAC-derived cloned substrains (YAC-MHV3) were compared with parent-derived cloned viruses, indicating that no selection of temperature-sensitive mutants was induced in persistently infected YAC cells. However, the capacity of MHV3 to induce a lethal acute disease when injected into susceptible mice was lost very rapidly. The absence of pathogenicity was related to the induction of a subclinical infection which elicited defense mechanisms. These data suggest, therefore, that MHV3 replication in lymphoid cell lines leads to induction or selection of variants which maintain pathogenicity in vitro but display reduced pathogenic effects in vivo.
Socioeconomic differences in the burden of disease in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE We sought to analyse how much of the total burden of disease in Sweden, measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is a result of inequalities in health between socioeconomic groups. We also sought to determine how this unequal burden is distributed across different disease groups and socioeconomic groups. METHODS Our analysis used data from the Swedish Burden of Disease Study. We studied all Swedish men and women in three age groups (15-44, 45-64, 65-84) and five major socioeconomic groups. The 18 disease and injury groups that contributed to 65% of the total burden of disease were analysed using attributable fractions and the slope index of inequality and the relative index of inequality. FINDINGS About 30% of the burden of disease among women and 37% of the burden among men is a differential burden resulting from socioeconomic inequalities in health. A large part of this unequally distributed burden falls on unskilled manual workers. The largest contributors to inequalities in health for women are ischaemic heart disease, depression and neurosis, and stroke. For men, the largest contributors are ischaemic heart disease, alcohol addiction and self-inflicted injuries. CONCLUSION This is the first study to use socioeconomic differences, measured by socioeconomic position, to assess the burden of disease using DALYs. We found that in Sweden one-third of the burden of the diseases we studied is unequally distributed. Studies of socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of disease that take both mortality and morbidity into account can help policy-makers understand the magnitude of inequalities in health for different disease groups.
Factors Affecting Delay in Repayments of Agricultural Credit; A Case Study of District Kasur of Punjab Province

2 Abstract: The productive use of agricultural credit in Pakistan is quite limited that affects the repayments behavior of the farmers and ultimately categorization of loans into default stages and finally auction of their lands. This paper attempts to analyze different factors affecting the repayments of agricultural credit in district Kasur of Punjab province. For the purpose purposive sampling was adopted and 60 respondents were selected after booting a list of defaulters from respective branches of UBL. Through well structured questionnaires necessary information were collected from the respondents as well as from the bank employees regarding actual delay in repayments of these selected clients. Finally, data were summarized using descriptive statistics and found that sloppy supervision by the bank employees, miss-utilization of loans, high interest rate and change in business/residential place of the borrowers etc. caused delay in repayments of agricultural credit.
Orderings, Multicoloring, and Consistently Ordered Matrices

The use of multicoloring as a means for the efficient implementation of diverse iterative methods for the solution of linear systems of equations, arising from the finite difference discretization of partial differential equations, on both parallel (concurrent) and vector computers has been extensive; these include SOR-type and preconditioned conjugate gradient methods as well as smoothing procedures for use in multigrid methods. Multicolor orderings, corresponding to reorderings of the points of the discretization, often allow a local decoupling of the unknowns. Some new theory is presented which allows one to quickly verify whether or not a member of a certain class of matrices is consistently ordered (or $\pi $-consistently ordered) solely by looking at the structure of the matrix under consideration. This theory allows one to quickly ascertain that, while many well-known multicoloring schemes do give rise to coefficient matrices which are consistently ordered, many others do not. Some alternative orderings and multicoloring schemes proposed in the literature are surveyed and the theory is applied to the resulting coefficient matrices.
The phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase inhibitor apilimod blocks filoviral entry and infection

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve) is a lipid kinase involved in endosome maturation that emerged from a haploid genetic screen as being required for Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. Here we analyzed the effects of apilimod, a PIKfyve inhibitor that was reported to be well tolerated in humans in phase 2 clinical trials, for its effects on entry and infection of EBOV and Marburg virus (MARV). We first found that apilimod blocks infections by EBOV and MARV in Huh 7, Vero E6 and primary human macrophage cells, with notable potency in the macrophages (IC50, 10 nM). We next observed that similar doses of apilimod block EBOV-glycoprotein-virus like particle (VLP) entry and transcription-replication competent VLP infection, suggesting that the primary mode of action of apilimod is as an entry inhibitor, preventing release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm to initiate replication. After providing evidence that the anti-EBOV action of apilimod is via PIKfyve, we showed that it blocks trafficking of EBOV VLPs to endolysosomes containing Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), the intracellular receptor for EBOV. Concurrently apilimod caused VLPs to accumulate in early endosome antigen 1-positive endosomes. We did not detect any effects of apilimod on bulk endosome acidification, on the activity of cathepsins B and L, or on cholesterol export from endolysosomes. Hence by antagonizing PIKfyve, apilimod appears to block EBOV trafficking to its site of fusion and entry into the cytoplasm. Given the drug’s observed anti-filoviral activity, relatively unexplored mechanism of entry inhibition, and reported tolerability in humans, we propose that apilimod be further explored as part of a therapeutic regimen to treat filoviral infections.
Kaluza-Klein modes in hybrid inflation

When one constructs specific models with a fundamental scale as low as the TeV scale, there arise many difficulties. In this Brief Report we examine hybrid inflation due to bulk scalar fields, which has been proposed to solve the problem of fine-tuning in producing density perturbations. We find that the Kaluza-Klein modes play significant roles, which enhance the speed of the phase transition and alter the reheating process. We also argue that a lower bound must be put to the fundamental scale in order to construct successful hybrid inflation due to bulk scalar fields.
An epidemiological study of pulmonary arterial hypertension

All hospitalisations for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the Scottish population were examined to determine the epidemiological features of PAH. These data were compared with expert data from the Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit (SPVU). Using the linked Scottish Morbidity Record scheme, data from all adults aged 16–65 yrs admitted with PAH (idiopathic PAH, pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart abnormalities and pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disorders) during the period 1986–2001 were identified. These data were compared with the most recent data in the SPVU database (2005). Overall, 374 Scottish males and females aged 16–65 yrs were hospitalised with incident PAH during 1986–2001. The annual incidence of PAH was 7.1 cases per million population. On December 31, 2002, there were 165 surviving cases, giving a prevalence of PAH of 52 cases per million population. Data from the SPVU were available for 1997–2006. In 2005, the last year with a complete data set, the incidence of PAH was 7.6 cases per million population and the corresponding prevalence was 26 cases per million population. Hospitalisation data from the Scottish Morbidity Record scheme gave higher prevalences of pulmonary arterial hypertension than data from the expert centres (Scotland and France). The hospitalisation data may overestimate the true frequency of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the population, but it is also possible that the expert centres underestimate the true frequency.
Practical Approach to Automatic Text Summarization

The significance of automatic document summarization increases with the threat of information overload we are facing. Short summaries can be presented to users, for example, in place of fulllength documents found by a search engine in response to a user’s query. We have analyzed variousapproaches to document summarization, using some existing algorithms and combining these with a novel use of itemsets. The resulting summarizer is evaluated by comparing classification of original documents and that of abstracts generated automatically. Despite highly promising results achieved by this evaluation, readability of abstracts must be further improved by integrating additional heuristic approaches.
A Face Recognition Approach Based on Nearest Neighbor Interpolation and Local Binary Pattern

In this paper, we present a novel approachfor face recognition which consists of a dimensionalityreduction of face feature vectors. The image scaling is firstlyconducted on an input face image. Then we applied the LocalBinary Pattern (LBP) operator by dividing the face imageinto non-overlapped regions. LBP histograms are extractedfrom each region and concatenated into a single one thatrepresents the face image. Nearest neighbor classifier isused to perform recognition with Chi square function asa dissimilarity measure. Simulation experiments are doneusing the ORL (Olivetti Research Laboratory) databaseshowing the efficiency of the proposed approach with 97.5%as recognition rate.
PRETEXTUALITY AND PRETEXTUAL GAPS: ON DE/REFINING LINGUISTIC INEQUALITY

Abstract Drawing on the rich tradition of investigations into linguistic inequality, this paper seeks to define the phenomenon of pretextual gaps, i.e. socially anchored and often invisible differences between what is expected in communication and what people can bring and deploy in communication. Pretextual gaps refer to conditions on sayability, differential distribution of access to these conditions, and social evaluations attached to such differences. We shall investigate pretextual gaps in three sets of data, all of them instances of experiential narration: Asylum seekers= narratives, hand-written life histories from Shaba, Congo, and narratives of suffering produced during the hearings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa. We will attempt to demonstrate how a fine-grained discourse analysis focused on linguistic resources and models of deployment can refine existing views on linguistic inequality. Keywords: Narrative, Literacy, Inequality, Belgium, Congo, South Africa.
Cytokine Release Assays as Tests for Exposure to Leishmania, and for Confirming Cure from Leishmaniasis, in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Spain has one of the world’s largest pools of organ donors and is a global leader in terms of the number of transplants it performs. The current outbreak of leishmaniasis in Fuenlabrada (in the southwest of the region of Madrid, Spain) has involved 600 clinical cases since late 2009 (prevalence 0.2%). It may therefore be wise to monitor the town’s transplanted population for Leishmania infantum; its members are immunosuppressed and at greater risk of infection and relapse following treatment. The present work examines the use of cytokine release assays to determine the prevalence of Leishmania infection in this population, and to confirm recovery following treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The humoral and cellular immune responses to L. infantum were characterized in 63 solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients from Fuenlabrada, 57 of whom reported no previous episode of VL (NVL subjects), and six of whom had been cured of VL (CVL subjects). Seventeen subjects (12 NVL and 5 CVL) showed a patent lymphoproliferative response to soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA). Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and of whole blood with SLA led to the production of different combinations of cytokines that might serve to confirm Leishmania infection or recovery from VL and help prevent cured patients from relapsing into this serious condition.
Distinct Subcellular Localizations of Nox1 and Nox4 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Objective—Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as signaling molecules in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and contribute to growth, hypertrophy, and migration in atherogenesis are produced by multi-subunit NAD(P)H oxidases. Nox1 and Nox4, two homologues to the phagocytic NAD(P)H subunit gp91phox, both generate ROS in VSMC but differ in their response to growth factors. We hypothesize that the opposing functions of Nox1 and Nox4 are reflected in their differential subcellular locations. Methods and Results—We used immunofluorescence to visualize the NAD(P)H subunits Nox1, Nox4, and p22phox in cultured rat and human VSMC. Optical sectioning using confocal microscopy showed that Nox1 is co-localized with caveolin in punctate patches on the surface and along the cellular margins, whereas Nox4 is co-localized with vinculin in focal adhesions. These immunocytochemical distributions are supported by membrane fractionation experiments. Interestingly, p22phox, a membrane subunit that interacts with the Nox proteins, is found in surface labeling and in focal adhesions in patterns similar to Nox1 and Nox4, respectively. Conclusions—The differential roles of Nox1 and Nox4 in VSMC may be correlated with their differential compartmentalization in specific signaling domains in the membrane and focal adhesions.
An activating mechanism of aggressive behaviour in disorganised attachment: a moment-to-moment case analysis of a three-year-old

This study examines an activating mechanism of aggressive behaviour in young children. Many studies on attachment theories have indicated disorganised attachment as a significant risk factor for externalising problems and have explained the aetiology of disorganised attachment in terms of deficits in affect, behaviour and cognitive functions from a traumatic or inconsistent environment. Via the moment-to-moment analysis of the play therapy process with a three-year-old, this paper attempts to identify how these emotional, behavioural and cognitive factors interact in actual situations and can lead to an observable behaviour: aggressive behaviour. The findings from this study indicate that the child with disorganised attachment was going through a dual process, one with her therapist and the other with her internalised caregivers. When anxiety and an ambiguous social cue from an unpredictable situation were added to the child's repetition of previous attachment experience, this ‘click’ lowered the threshold of regulation of affect, behaviour and cognition. The child turned to disorganised and aggressive behaviour, relying on her physiological signals regarding the perceived threat. Finally, this paper describes how these difficulties can be channelled by symbolic play via displacement and containment.
Observational evaluative conditioning of an embedded stimulus element

Evaluative conditioning refers to the observation that the mere paired presentation of a neutral stimulus (CS) with a liked or disliked stimulus (US) may result in the neutral stimulus itself acquiring positive or negative valence. In most studies, the CS is an autonomous, invariant stimulus, and the subject directly experiences both CS and US. In this experiment, we investigated whether evaluative conditioning can be extended to a situation wherein the CS is no more than an invariant element of a complex, variable stimulus configuration, and wherein the subject experiences the CS-US co-occurrences indirectly, i.e. by observing a socius who is exposed to the CS-US pairings and facially expresses either liking or disliking the US. During acquisition, subjects watched video-taped sequences of an actor drinking a glass containing a liquid and facially expressing either liking or disliking the drink. The stimulus element which was systematically paired with the actor's facial expression of liking or disliking, was whether the glass contained a 'foot' or no 'foot' (CS), while other characteristics of the scenes were systematically varied and paired equally often with an expression of like and dislike. Next, valence ratings were obtained for pictures in which the CS element (foot/no foot) was embedded. A clear observational evaluative learning effect could be demonstrated when the feature CS was embedded in objects identical to those presented during learning, but not when it was embedded in new objects. These data demonstrate the possibility of vicarious evaluative conditioning of an embedded stimulus element, but probably at a lower level of abstract ion than intended.
Implementation and performance analysis of DCT-DWT-SVD based watermarking algorithms for color images

Digital image watermarking is one such technology that has been developed to protect digital content (text, images, audio, and video) from illegal manipulations. In this paper we proposed implementation and performance analysis of two different watermarking schemes based on DCT-DWT-SVD. Both are non blind techniques. One is based on SVD of DC coefficients using second level DWT decomposition and other is consider SVD of all DCT values of second level DWT composition of cover image. To check effectiveness of both techniques for Imperceptibility and robustness PSNR and NCC parameters are used.
The Negatome database: a reference set of non-interacting protein pairs

The Negatome is a collection of protein and domain pairs that are unlikely to be engaged in direct physical interactions. The database currently contains experimentally supported non-interacting protein pairs derived from two distinct sources: by manual curation of literature and by analyzing protein complexes with known 3D structure. More stringent lists of non-interacting pairs were derived from these two datasets by excluding interactions detected by high-throughput approaches. Additionally, non-interacting protein domains have been derived from the stringent manual and structural data, respectively. The Negatome is much less biased toward functionally dissimilar proteins than the negative data derived by randomly selecting proteins from different cellular locations. It can be used to evaluate protein and domain interactions from new experiments and improve the training of interaction prediction algorithms. The Negatome database is available at http://mips.helmholtz-muenchen.de/proj/ppi/negatome.