Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on the behaviour of screw piles by the finite element method

A circular pile with helical blades is an old type of foundation, which has staged a comeback recently and is being used in a variety of situations. Most of the research on helical screw piles has been experimental or theoretical with the help of simplifying assumptions. The method of design adopted so far treats this pile as an annular plate, disregarding the intricacies of the geometry of the helix. It is only the versatility of the finite element method that can take into account the actual geometry of a spatial structure such as the helical blade at a microlevel. This is perhaps the first attempt at such an analysis to study the response of the helical screw pile within the elastic and nonlinear ranges. While the pile is linearly elastic, soil is considered both as a linear elastic medium and as an elastic–plastic medium following the Drucker–Prager constitutive model. Cases of smooth contact and frictional contact between soil and screw pile are also considered. Screw piles are studied under compress.
Urbanization, mortality, and the standard of living debate: new estimates of the expectation of life at birth in nineteenth-century

the last 40 years predominantly in the absence of any direct, detailed, and empirically based consideration of the mortality experience of the British working population during the industrial revolution era.2 This is somewhat surprising in that, when setting out the basis for a 'pessimistic' view in his seminal contribution to the debate of 1957, Hobsbawm gave pride of place to evidence bearing on mortality and health, which he envisaged as ideally including 'mortality rates . morbidity rates and anthropometric data'. 3 The last category of evidence, in particular, has certainly been brought into the debate with great ingenuity and to great effect during the past 10 years, as will be considered below. But where the study of mortality in British towns and cities is concerned, Armstrong's valuable work on Carlisle has remained until very recently a lone contribution; and even now, with the addition of Huck's work, information is available on only a handful of small towns.4 This is almost certainly because of the relative paucity and inaccessibility of reliable, relevant demographic evidence for this particular period, the 'dark age' of Britain's modem historical demography, 1780-1850. As a result, the only publication which has attempted to construct a general demographic measure of urban mortality trends for this period with which to inform the standard of living debate, has in fact deployed a primarily conjectural, rather than an empirically grounded model.5 While the problem
Tectonic Division,Stratigraphical Stystem and the Evolution of Western Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang

The Western Tianshan Mountains are located between the Northern Tianshan Mountains to the south of Kuitun and the Southern Tianshan Mountains to the north of Kuqa.The area is in the junction of the middle section of southeastern margin of the Kazakhstan— Junggar plate and the northwestern margin of the Karakum—Tarim plate in Early Paleozoic,in which the main suture occurred along the Chang'awuzi—Wuwamen ophiolite belt.Based on the geochronological data of each tectonic unit and the study of stratigraphical stystem and ophiolite melange,writers suggest that the deep-seated Huocheng—Haxilegen fault in the south of the Boluokeluo Maintains be the junction of the two Ordovician—Silurian Sarim—Junggar and Wusun—Awulale microplates.The south Tianshan area in the northern margin of the Tarim microplate reflects archipelago nature during Middle Ordovician to Silurian,and the plate motion continued for several billion years.The ocean basin became more narrow in early Late Paleozoic,which last several millions years.The Yilianhabierga area in the north Tianshan Mountains belonged to Early Carboniferous micro-trench—arc—basin system.In late Late Paleozoic,the rift was turned into strike-slip fault and pull-apart basin system,and the magmatic activities derived from the crust—mantle interaction were extensively and frequent.This period is also the major period of mineralization in the area.In Mesozoic,the area began a geodynamic regime of intracontinental pile-up companied by strike-slip fault.In Cenozoic,the whole mountains uplift rapidly due to the collision of Indian plate with Eurasian continent,and formed the current landform with Northern Tianshan,South Tianshan and Ili basin.
The geographical analysis of urban RS image and the research of urban spatial structure evolvement

Integrated RS and GIS technology was used to analyze the remote sensing image of city,to dynamic all monitor and simulate the urban spatial structure evolvement process by making the example of Yiwu city,mean while,driving forces were analyzed using socioeconomic data.The study reveals that the urban spatial structure is evolved under many driving forces reciprocity.
Optimised Biofuel Production via Catalytic Cracking of Residual Palm Oil Recovered from Spent Bleaching Earth ( SBE ) over Ni / HZSM-5 Zeolite

Article history: Received 15 May 2018 Received in revised form 12 August 2018 Accepted 8 September 2018 Available online 11 November 2018 The concerns over the depletion of fossil fuel and security of energy supply have directed an increasing awareness about biomass or waste-derived energy. Fresh bleaching earth (BE) is used to remove colour, phospholipids, oxidised products, metals, and residual gums in the palm oil process refinery. Once the adsorption process ends, the spent bleaching earth (SBE) which contains approximately 20-40 wt% of the adsorbed oil, is usually disposed to landfills without any treatment. Thus, SBE as one of the major biomasses or wastes available in Malaysia is a potential source for hydrocarbon fuel production. Therefore, this study reported the employment of heterogeneous catalyst cracking of residual palm oil in SBE into liquid products by 15%Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst and the optimisation of the process. The experiments were designed using central composite design (CCD) approach via response surface methodology (RSM) to study the relationships of catalytic cracking temperature (400500°C), heating time (60-180 min), and nitrogen flow rate (60-100 mL/min) on the liquid products yield. The experimental results were thoroughly analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum liquid products yield of catalytic cracking of residual palm oil in SBE was 12.91 wt% achieved at 452°C, 160 min of heating time, and 86 mL/min of nitrogen flow rate. On the basis of the obtained results, the heterogeneous catalyst of 15%Ni/HZSM-5 could be a potential catalyst for the conversion of residual palm oil in SBE into liquid products.
scheme nectar chemistry can suppress the social epidemiology of parasites in an important pollinator

Emergent infectious diseases are one of the main drivers of species loss. Emergent infection with the microsporidian Nosema bombi has been implicated in the population and range declines of a suite of North American bumblebees, a group of important pollinators. Previous work has shown that phytochemicals found in pollen and nectar can negatively impact parasites in individuals, but how this relates to social epidemiology and by extension whether plants can be effectively used as pollinator disease management strategies remains unexplored. Here we undertook a comprehensive screen of UK agri-environment scheme plants, a programme designed to benefit pollinators and wider biodiversity in agricultural settings, for phytochemicals in pollen and nectar using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Caffeine, which occurs across a range of plant families, was identified in the nectar of Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia ), a component of UK agri-environment schemes and a major global crop. We showed that caffeine significantly reduces N. bombi infection intensity, both prophylactically and therapeutically, in individual bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ), and, for the first time, that such effects impact social epidemiology, with colonies reared from wild caught queens having both lower prevalence and intensity of infection. Furthermore, infection prevalence was lower in foraging bumblebees from caffeine treated colonies, suggesting a likely reduction in population-level transmission. Combined, these results show that N. bombi is less likely to be transmitted intra-colonially when bumblebees consume naturally-available caffeine, and that this may in turn reduce environmental prevalence. Consequently, our results demonstrate that floral phytochemicals at ecologically relevant concentrations can impact pollinator disease epidemiology and that planting strategies that increase floral abundance to support biodiversity could be co-opted as disease management tools.
Explorer Dynamic Provenance for SPARQL Updates Using Named Graphs

While the Semantic Web currently can exhibit provenance information by using the W3C PROV standards, there is a “missing link” in connecting PROV to storing and querying for dynamic changes to RDF graphs using SPARQL. Solving this problem would be required for such clear use-cases as the creation of version control systems for RDF. While some provenance models and annotation techniques for storing and querying provenance data originally developed with databases or workflows in mind transfer readily to RDF and SPARQL, these techniques do not readily adapt to describing changes in dynamic RDF datasets over time. In this paper we explore how to adapt the dynamic copypaste provenance model of Buneman et al. [2] to RDF datasets that change over time in response to SPARQL updates, how to represent the resulting provenance records themselves as RDF in a manner compatible with W3C PROV, and how the provenance information can be defined by reinterpreting SPARQL updates. The primary contribution of this paper is a semantic framework that enables the semantics of SPARQL Update to be used as the basis for a ‘cut-and-paste’ provenance model in a principled manner.
Single-Parent Family Forms and Children ’ s Educational Performance in a Cross-Comparative Perspective : Effects of School ’ s Share of Single-Parent Families

Living in a single-parent family negatively affects children’s educational performance compared to living with two biological parents, mainly due to a lack of the amount of family’s financial, parental and social resources. In this paper, we aim to find out to what extent both characteristics of schools and countries, i.e. the share of single-parent families, affect this negative relationship. We use pooled data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), i.e. the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 and 2003, which contain information on 217,180 students at 12,169 schools in 26 countries. We found that attending a school with more children from singleparent families affects the educational performance of all children negatively, but attending such schools particularly harms children from single-mother families. Also in countries in which the number of single-parent families is higher, children living with only a mother perform worse at school.
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer‐reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
P o S ( T e x a s 2 0 1 0 ) 1 2 4 Seyfert 2 galaxies in the GeV band : jets and starburst

TheFermi/LAT collaboration recently reported the detection of star burt galaxies in the high energyγ-ray domain, as well as radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 obj ects, which were previously unusual extragalactic suspects for high energy emission. Mot ivated by the presence of sources close to the location of composite starburst/Seyfert 2 galaxies i n the first yearFermi/LAT catalogue, we studied high energy γ-ray emission from such objects, aiming at disentangling th e emission of starburst and Seyfert activity. We analysed 1.6 years of Fermi/LAT data from NGC 1068 and NGC 4945, which count among the brightest Seyfert 2 galaxies . We found an excess of high energyγ-rays of 8. 3σ and 9. 2σ for 1FGL J0242.7+0007 and 1FGL J1305.4 −4928, which are found to be consistent with the position of the Seyfert 2 gala xies NGC 1068 and NGC 4945, respectively. For both sources, we detect no significant varia bility nor any indication of a curvature of the spectrum. While the high energy flux of NGC 4945 is consis tent with starburst activity, that of NGC 1068 is an order of magnitude above expectations, suggesting dominant emission from the active nucleus. We show that a leptonic scenario can a count for the multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution of NGC 1068. High energy γ-ray emission is thus revealed for the first time in a Seyfert 2 galaxy. If this result is confirmed in o ther objects, new perspectives would be opened up into the GeV band, with the discovery of a new clas s of high energyγ-ray emitters.
The Endogenous Formation of Coalitions to Provide Public Goods: Theory and Experimental Evidence

This paper examines the endogenous formation of coalitions that provide public goods in which players implement a minimum participation requirement before deciding whether to join. We demonstrate theoretically that payoff-maximizing players will vote to implement efficient participation requirements and these coalitions will form. However, we also demonstrate that if some players are averse to inequality they can cause inefficient outcomes. Inequality-averse players can limit free riding by implementing larger than efficient coalitions or by blocking efficient coalitions from forming. We test the theory with experimental methods and observe individual behavior and coalition formation consistent with a model of inequality-averse players.
Glacial geomorphology of the Skálafellsjökull foreland, Iceland: A case study of ‘annual’ moraines

ABSTRACT Small-scale recessional push moraines are a characteristic signature of the active temperate glacial landsystem, and are often clearly linked to annual re-advances. These recessional push moraines represent a potentially valuable terrestrial climate archive, and may provide valuable insights into glacier dynamics. This paper presents detailed glacial geomorphological maps of recessional push moraines on the foreland of Skálafellsjökull, SE Iceland. Geomorphological maps have been produced at a scale of 1:3750 based on 2006 aerial photographs and 2012 satellite imagery. Using unmanned aerial vehicle-captured imagery, large-scale sample mapping of two selected areas of the glacier foreland has also been conducted, with the maps reproduced as A4-sized figures at scales of ∼1:2500 and ∼1:2000, respectively. Desk- and field-based mapping reveals suites of recessional push moraines distributed across the glacier foreland, often found in close association with flutings. Moraines on the foreland typically display distinctive ‘sawtooth' planform geometries, with complexities in the pattern occurring due to localised superimposition. The inventory of glacial geomorphological maps presented here provides a framework for subsequently exploring the characteristics of the recessional push moraines and recent ice-marginal fluctuations at Skálafellsjökull.
Invited Paper Special Section on Recent Progress in Antennas and Propagation in Conjunction with Main Topics of Isap2012 Electromagnetic Modeling of Metamaterials * Toru Uno †a) , Member

SUMMARY Metamaterials are generally defined as a class of artificial effective media which macroscopically exhibit extraordinary electromagnetic properties that may not be found in nature, and are composed of periodically structured dielectric, or magnetic, or metallic materials. This paper reviews recently developed electromagnetic modeling methods of metama-tericals and their inherent basic ideas, with a focus on full wave numerical techniques. Methods described in this paper are the Method of Moments (MoM) and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method for scattering problems excited by an incident plane wave and a single nonperiodic source, and the Finite Element Method (FEM), the Finite Difference Frequency Domain (FDFD) method and the FDTD method for band diagram calculations.
Precipitation extremes over the continental United States in a transient, high‐resolution, ensemble climate model experiment

Understanding future changes in the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme events in response to increased greenhouse gas forcing is important for formulating adaptation and mitigation strategies that minimize damages to natural and human systems. We quantify transient changes in daily‐scale seasonal extreme precipitation events over the U.S. using a five‐member ensemble of nested, high‐resolution climate model simulations covering the 21st century in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario. We find a strong drying trend in annual and seasonal precipitation over the Southwest in autumn, winter, and spring and over the central U.S. in summer. These changes are accompanied by statistically significant increases in dry‐day frequency and dry‐spell lengths. Our results also show substantial increases in the frequency of extreme wet events over the northwestern U.S. in autumn, winter, and spring and the eastern U.S. in spring and summer. In addition, the average precipitation intensity increases relative to the extreme precipitation intensity in all seasons and most regions, with the exception of the Southeast. Further, most regions receive a greater fraction of total seasonal precipitation from extreme events. These results imply fewer but heavier precipitation events in the future, leading to more frequent wet and dry extremes in most regions of the U.S. Our simulations suggest that many of these changes are likely to become statistically significant by the mid‐21st century. Given current vulnerabilities, such changes in extreme precipitation could be expected to increase stress on water resources in many areas of the U.S., including during the near‐term decades.
Land Degradation Assessment: the LADA approach.

The LADA project has prepared guidelines and manuals to describe land degradation and sustainable land management at different levels and at appropriate scales and has tested them in six countries around the globe. These methods rely on participatory approaches, field surveys and remote sensing. At the same time the project has developed a number of definitions and innovative approaches to characterize and make an inventory of land degradation and sustainable land management. The main recommendation of the project is to streamline and implement the sub-national inventories worldwide to obtain a reliable baseline for impact assessment of land degradation and sustainable management.
Impact of Providers’ Cultural Competence on Clients’ Satisfaction Impact of Providers’ Cultural Competence on Clients’ Satisfaction and Hopefulness in Rural Family Services: A Pilot Study and Hopefulness in Rural Family Services: A Pilot Study

Cultural competence has been discussed in professional disciplines. However, previous studies focused on ethnic sensitivity in practice, and limited work has addressed the cultural competence of rural social work practitioners. This study examined relationships between families’ perceptions of cultural competence, therapeutic alliance, and practice outcomes in rural practice settings. Forty-five youth and their parents receiving intensive in-home family preservation services at Integrated Services of Appalachian Ohio completed a questionnaire regarding their providers’ cultural competence in rural settings, and their therapeutic alliance, hopefulness, and satisfaction with services. Families rated their provider as culturally competent in rural practice settings; and provider competence in rural culture was positively associated with practice outcomes – satisfaction and hopefulness. Suggestions for enhancing social work practitioners’ cultural competence in rural settings are provided
Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control

: This study aims at defining a methodology to evaluate K s reductions of gravel material constituting CW bed 11 matrices. Several schemes and equations for the Lefranc’s test were compared by using different gravel sizes and at 12 multiple spatial scales. The falling-head test method was implemented by using two steel permeameters one impervious 13 (IMP) and one pervious (P) on one side. At laboratory scale, mean K values for a small size gravel (8-15 x 10 -2 m) 14 measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 19466 m/d and 30662 m/d, respectively. Mean K s values for a 15 big size gravel (10-25 x 10 -2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 12135 m/d and 20866 m/d, 16 respectively. Comparison of K s values obtained by the two permeameters at lab scale as well as a sensitivity analysis and a 17 calibration, lead to the modification of the standpipe equation, to evaluate also the temporal variation of the horizontal K s . 18 In particular, both permeameters allow the evaluation of the K s decreasing after 4 years-operation and 1-1.5 years-operation 19 of the plants at full scale (filled with the small size gravel) and at pilot scale (filled with the big size gravel) respectively.
Categorization and Identification of Acacia Trees Based on Species in El Ain Natural Forest Reserve by Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Imagery and Spectral Angel Mapper Classification

Identification and classification of Acacia trees cover based on their species in arid and semi-arid areas through remotely sensed images involves various considerations, processes and techniques. Efforts to remotely sense arid land vegetation are often hindered by high reflectance of the soil background, mixtures of green and senescent grasses, and the occurrence of shrubs in grasslands. Elain forest reserve area, in North Kordofan state, Sudan, endures intensive different heterogeneity of Acacia trees cover and is highly sensitive to climate fluctuations and human intervention. Mapping of tree based on their species in these areas needs more input of high advance techniques under condition of appropriate forest management strategies. The main objective of current paper was to determine the applicability of the spatial and spectral resolution of Landsat imagery and sup pixel classification in combination with ancillary data and field sampling to distinguish and discriminate Acacia species distribution at Elain Forest Reserve in North Kordofan State. The multi-temporal landsat imagery (1987,1994 and 2016) , Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and Pixel Purity Index (PPI) were applied to extract different spectral signatures of Acacia trees in the study area. The Spectral Angel Mapper Classification (SAM)- was applied using selected endmmbers from PPI results . The paper provides a reliable comparable method of performing Multispectral Processing of landsat data using ENVI for Hyperspectral classification and mapping Acacia t rees based on their species in arid regions .