Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of news consumption on Facebook

Significance Social media heavily changed the way we get informed and shape our opinions. Users’ polarization seems to dominate news consumption on Facebook. Through a massive analysis on 920 news outlets and 376 million users, we explore the anatomy of news consumption on Facebook on a global scale. We show that users tend to confine their attention on a limited set of pages, thus determining a sharp community structure among news outlets. Furthermore, our findings suggest that users have a more cosmopolitan perspective of the information space than news providers. We conclude with a simple model of selective exposure that well reproduces the observed connectivity patterns. The advent of social media and microblogging platforms has radically changed the way we consume information and form opinions. In this paper, we explore the anatomy of the information space on Facebook by characterizing on a global scale the news consumption patterns of 376 million users over a time span of 6 y (January 2010 to December 2015). We find that users tend to focus on a limited set of pages, producing a sharp community structure among news outlets. We also find that the preferences of users and news providers differ. By tracking how Facebook pages “like” each other and examining their geolocation, we find that news providers are more geographically confined than users. We devise a simple model of selective exposure that reproduces the observed connectivity patterns.
Ontology-Based Data Integration between Clinical and Research Systems

Data from the electronic medical record comprise numerous structured but uncoded ele-ments, which are not linked to standard terminologies. Reuse of such data for secondary research purposes has gained in importance recently. However, the identification of rele-vant data elements and the creation of database jobs for extraction, transformation and loading (ETL) are challenging: With current methods such as data warehousing, it is not feasible to efficiently maintain and reuse semantically complex data extraction and trans-formation routines. We present an ontology-supported approach to overcome this challenge by making use of abstraction: Instead of defining ETL procedures at the database level, we use ontologies to organize and describe the medical concepts of both the source system and the target system. Instead of using unique, specifically developed SQL statements or ETL jobs, we define declarative transformation rules within ontologies and illustrate how these constructs can then be used to automatically generate SQL code to perform the desired ETL procedures. This demonstrates how a suitable level of abstraction may not only aid the interpretation of clinical data, but can also foster the reutilization of methods for un-locking it.
Improving Code Quality in ROS Packages Using a Temporal Extension of First-Order Logic

Robots are given more and more challenging tasks in domains such as transport and delivery, farming or health. Software is key components for robots, and ROS is a popular open-source middleware for writing robotics applications. Code quality matters a lot because a poorly written software is much more likely to contain bugs and will be harder to maintain over time. Within a code base, finding faulty patterns takes a lot of time and money. We propose a framework to search automatically user-provided faulty code patterns. This framework is based on FO++, a temporal extension of first-order logic, and Pangolin, a verification engine for C++ programs. We formalized with FO++ five faulty patterns related to ROS and embedded systems. We analyzed with Pangolin 25 ROS packages looking for occurrences of these patterns and found a total of 218 defects. To prevent the faulty patterns from arising in new ROS packages, we propose a design pattern, and we show how Pangolin can be used to enforce it.
Vertebrobasilar Occlusion and Vertebral Artery Syndrome

The vertebral arteries branch off the subclavian arteries, passing cephalad through the costotransverse foramina of the sixth to second cervical vertebrae. They enter the skull through the foramen magnum merging at the pontomedullary junction to form the basilar artery which divides into two posterior cerebral arteries at the upper pons. At the base of the brain the carotid and basilar systems join to form the circle of Willis. This arrangement of collateral circulation may allow adequate brain perfusion even with occlusion of a main vessel.
UNDERSTANDING THE EVOLUTION OF CODE SMELLS BY OBSERVING SMELL CLUSTERS AHMAD

Code smells are more likely to stay inter-connected in software rather than remaining as a single instance. These code smell clusters create maintainability issues in evolving software. This paper aims to understand the evolution of the code smells in software, by analyzing the behavior of these clusters such as size, number and connectivity. For this, the clusters are first identified and then these characteristics are observed. The identification of code smell clusters is performed in three steps detection of code smells (God Class, Long Method, Feature Envy, Type Checking) using smell detection tools, extraction of their relationships by analyzing the source code architecture, and generation of graphs from the identified smells and their relationships, that finally reveals the smelly clusters. This analysis was executed on JUnit as a case study, and four important cluster behaviors were reported.
Revisiting Bistability in the Lysis/Lysogeny Circuit of Bacteriophage Lambda

The lysis/lysogeny switch of bacteriophage lambda serves as a paradigm for binary cell fate decision, long-term maintenance of cellular state and stimulus-triggered switching between states. In the literature, the system is often referred to as “bistable. ” However, it remains unclear whether this term provides an accurate description or is instead a misnomer. Here we address this question directly. We first quantify transcriptional regulation governing lysogenic maintenance using a single-cell fluorescence reporter. We then use the single-cell data to derive a stochastic theoretical model for the underlying regulatory network. We use the model to predict the steady states of the system and then validate these predictions experimentally. Specifically, a regime of bistability, and the resulting hysteretic behavior, are observed. Beyond the steady states, the theoretical model successfully predicts the kinetics of switching from lysogeny to lysis. Our results show how the physics-inspired concept of bistability can be reliably used to describe cellular phenotype, and how an experimentally-calibrated theoretical model can have accurate predictive power for cell-state switching.
Secondary Hyperalgesia Phenotypes Exhibit Differences in Brain Activation during Noxious Stimulation

Noxious stimulation of the skin with either chemical, electrical or heat stimuli leads to the development of primary hyperalgesia at the site of injury, and to secondary hyperalgesia in normal skin surrounding the injury. Secondary hyperalgesia is inducible in most individuals and is attributed to central neuronal sensitization. Some individuals develop large areas of secondary hyperalgesia (high-sensitization responders), while others develop small areas (low-sensitization responders). The magnitude of each area is reproducible within individuals, and can be regarded as a phenotypic characteristic. To study differences in the propensity to develop central sensitization we examined differences in brain activity and anatomy according to individual phenotypical expression of secondary hyperalgesia by magnetic resonance imaging. Forty healthy volunteers received a first-degree burn-injury (47°C, 7 min, 9 cm2) on the non-dominant lower-leg. Areas of secondary hyperalgesia were assessed 100 min after the injury. We measured neuronal activation by recording blood-oxygen-level-dependent-signals (BOLD-signals) during mechanical noxious stimulation before burn injury and in both primary and secondary hyperalgesia areas after burn-injury. In addition, T1-weighted images were used to measure differences in gray-matter density in cortical and subcortical regions of the brain. We found significant differences in neuronal activity between high- and low-sensitization responders at baseline (before application of the burn-injury) (p < 0.05). After the burn-injury, we found significant differences between responders during noxious stimulation of both primary (p < 0.01) and secondary hyperalgesia (p ≤ 0.04) skin areas. A decreased volume of the right (p = 0.001) and left caudate nucleus (p = 0.01) was detected in high-sensitization responders in comparison to low-sensitization responders. These findings suggest that brain-structure and neuronal activation to noxious stimulation differs according to secondary hyperalgesia phenotype. This indicates differences in central sensitization according to phenotype, which may have predictive value on the susceptibility to development of high-intensity acute and persistent pain.
Effect of Substitution of Mineral Powder by Cement on Asphalt Mixture Performance

Tests were carried out on asphalt mixtures with different proportions of cement replacing the mineral powder normally used.The analysis examined the mechanism of mineral powder and cement action in asphalt mixtures,the ductility,softening point,DSR(spell out) and BBR(spell out). Taking the samples AK16 and SAC16 as examples,the following tests were performed on the asphalt mixtures to analyze the effect of replacing mineral powder with cement: the immersion-marshal stability test,the uniaxial-compression test,and the dynamic-stability test.Test results indicate that replacing mineral powder with cement in certain proportions can improve asphalt mixture performance.
A new RelB‐dependent CD117+CD172a+ murine DC subset preferentially induces Th2 differentiation and supports airway hyperresponses in vivo

The NF‐κB transcription factor subunit RelB is important for the full activation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) during T‐cell‐dependent immune responses. Although the number of splenic DCs is greatly reduced in RelBnull mice, the cause and consequences of this deficiency are currently unknown. To circumvent the impact of the pleiotropic defects in RelBnull mice we used a reporter model for RelB expression (RelBKatushka mice) and conditionally deleted RelB in DCs (RelBCD11c‐Cre mice). Thereby, we can show here that RelB is essential for the differentiation of a CD117+CD172a+ cDC subpopulation that highly expresses RelB. Surprisingly, these DCs depend on p50 for their development and are negatively regulated by a constitutive p52 activation in absence of p100. The absence of p52/p100 had no influence on the homeostasis of CD117+CD172a+ cDCs. RelB‐dependent CD117+CD172a+ DCs strongly induce the production of the type 2 cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐13, as well as GM‐CSF from naïve Th cells. Consequently, mice lacking RelB in cDCs show an attenuated bronchial hyperresponsiveness with reduced eosinophil infiltration. Taken together, we have identified a new splenic RelB‐dependent CD117+CD172a+ cDC population that preferentially induces Th2 responses.
Development and evaluation of a connective tissue phantom model for subsurface visualization of cancers requiring wide local excision

Abstract. Wide local excision (WLE) of tumors with negative margins remains a challenge because surgeons cannot directly visualize the mass. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) may improve surgical accuracy; however, conventional methods with direct surface tumor visualization are not immediately applicable, and properties of tissues surrounding the cancer must be considered. We developed a phantom model for sarcoma resection with the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye 800CW and used it to iteratively define the properties of connective tissues that typically surround sarcoma tumors. We then tested the ability of a blinded surgeon to resect fluorescent tumor-simulating inclusions with ∼1-cm margins using predetermined target fluorescence intensities and a Solaris open-air fluorescence imaging system. In connective tissue-simulating phantoms, fluorescence intensity decreased with increasing blood concentration and increased with increasing intralipid concentrations. Fluorescent inclusions could be resolved at ≥1-cm depth in all inclusion concentrations and sizes tested. When inclusion depth was held constant, fluorescence intensity decreased with decreasing volume. Using targeted fluorescence intensities, a blinded surgeon was able to successfully excise inclusions with ∼1-cm margins from fat- and muscle-simulating phantoms with inclusion-to-background contrast ratios as low as 2∶1. Indirect, subsurface FGS is a promising tool for surgical resection of cancers requiring WLE.
Evidence-Based Practices for Young Children With Autism

The purpose of this article Was to examine the scientific evidence provided by single-subject design studies that supported effective intervention and educational practices for young children With autism. A revieW of the literature from 1990 to 2002 revealed 37 studies that meet the inclusion criteria. Research studies primarily employed multiple-baseline experimental designs and provided strong evidence for effectiveness through multiple replications of treatment effects. Practices supported by this research Were classified into three groups. Practices With Well-established evidence of effectiveness Were adult-directed teaching and differential reinforcement. Emerging and effective practices included peer-mediated interventions, visual supports, self-monitoring, and family member involvement in the intervention. Practices that Were probably efficacious included positive behavior support, videotaped model, and children's choices and/or preferences incorporated in learning tasks. For many of these practices, additional evidence may be provided by group design studies and single-subject design studies in Which older children With autism Were participants.
Post-transitional adaptation of the left heart in uncomplicated, very preterm infants

Abstract Background The postnatal period in preterm infants involves multiple physiological changes occurring immediately after birth and continuing for days or weeks. To recognise and treat compromise, it is important to measure cardiovascular function. The aim of this study was to describe longitudinal left ventricular function using conventional and novel echocardiography techniques in preterm infants who did not experience significant antenatal or postnatal complications and treatments. Methods We prospectively obtained cardiac ultrasound images at days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 in 25 uncomplicated, preterm infants <30 weeks of gestation. Speckle tracking analysis of the four chambers and short-axis images provided parameters of left ventricular volume, deformation, and basal myocardial velocities. The patent ductus arteriosus, cardiac dimensions, and atrial volume were also measured. Results Stroke volume increased by 24% during the study period (1.05–1.30 ml/kg, p<0.05). Cardiac length, diameter, and systolic basal myocardial velocity increased with unchanged wall stress and deformation parameters. Diastolic function parameters resembled that of the fetus with predominance of atrial contraction compared with early diastolic velocities. Blood pressure and estimates of left ventricular filing pressure increased, suggesting that left ventricular compliance did not change in this period. Conclusion Stroke volume increased in the first 28 days after preterm birth. The preterm heart adapted by increasing its size, while maintaining systolic and atrial function, independent of early diastolic maturation. Longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle remained unchanged, suggesting relatively preserved function with maturation.
Effects of Price, Information, and Transactions Cost Interventions to Raise Voluntary Enrollment in a Social Health Insurance Scheme: A Randomized Experiment in the Philippines.

A cluster randomized experiment was undertaken testing two sets of interventions encouraging enrollment in the Individually Paying Program (IPP), the voluntary component of the Philippines' social health insurance program. In early 2011, 1037 unenrolled IPP-eligible families in 179 randomly selected intervention municipalities were given an information kit and offered a 50% premium subsidy valid until the end of 2011; 383 IPP-eligible families in 64 control municipalities were not. In February 2012, the 787 families in the intervention sites who were still IPP-eligible but had not enrolled had their vouchers extended, were resent the enrollment kits and received SMS reminders. Half the group also received a 'handholding' intervention: in the endline interview, the enumerator offered to help complete the enrollment form, deliver it to the insurer's office in the provincial capital, and mail the membership cards. The main intervention raised the enrollment rate by 3 percentage points (ppts) (p = 0.11), with an 8 ppt larger effect (p < 0.01) among city-dwellers, consistent with travel time to the insurance office affecting enrollment. The handholding intervention raised enrollment by 29 ppts (p < 0.01), with a smaller effect (p < 0.01) among city-dwellers, likely because of shorter travel times, and higher education levels facilitating unaided completion of the enrollment form. Copyright © The World Bank Health Economics © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular profiling of metastatic colorectal tumors using next-generation sequencing: a single-institution experience

Background Recent molecular characterization of colorectal tumors has identified several molecular alterations of interest that are considered targetable in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods We conducted a single-institution, retrospective study based on comprehensive genomic profiling of tumors from 138 patients with mCRC using next-generation sequencing (NGS) via FoundationOne. Results Overall, RAS mutations were present in 51.4% and RAF mutations were seen in 7.2% of mCRC patients. We found a novel KRASR68S1 mutation associated with an aggressive phenotype. RAS amplifications (1.4% KRAS and 0.7% NRAS), MET amplifications (2.2%), BRAFL597Ralterations (0.7%), ARAFS214F alterations (0.7%), and concurrent RAS+RAF (1.4%), BRAF+RAF1 (0.7%), and rare PTEN-PIK3CA-AKT pathway mutations were identified and predominantly associated with poor prognosis. ERBB2 (HER2) amplified tumors were identified in 5.1% and all arose from the rectosigmoid colon. Three cases (2.2%) were associated with a hypermutated profile that was corroborated with findings of high tumor mutational burden (TMB): 2 cases with MSI-H and 1 case with a POLE mutation. Conclusions Comprehensive genomic profiling can uncover alterations beyond the well-characterized RAS/RAF mutations associated with anti-EGFR resistance. ERBB2 amplified tumors commonly originate from the rectosigmoid colon, are predominantly RAS/BRAF wild-type, and may predict benefit to HER2-directed therapy. Hypermutant tumors or tumors with high TMB correlate with MSI-H status or POLE mutations and may predict a benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy.
Mobile Health Intervention to Reduce HIV Transmission: A Randomized Trial of Behaviorally Enhanced HIV Treatment as Prevention (B-TasP)

Objectives: We conducted a randomized clinical trial to test a mobile health behavioral intervention designed to enhance HIV treatment as prevention (B-TasP) by simultaneously increasing combination antiretroviral therapies (cART) adherence and improving the sexual health of people living with HIV. Methods: A cohort of sexually active men (n = 383) and women (n = 117) living with HIV were enrolled. Participants were baseline assessed and randomized to either (1) B-TasP adherence and sexual health intervention or (2) general health control intervention. Outcome measures included HIV RNA viral load, cART adherence monitored by unannounced pill counts, indicators of genital tract inflammation, and sexual behaviors assessed over 12 months. Results: Eighty-six percent of the cohort was retained for 12-month follow-up. The B-TasP intervention demonstrated significantly lower HIV RNA, OR = 0.56, P = 0.01, greater cART adherence, Wald &khgr;2 = 33.9, P = 0.01, and fewer indicators of genital tract inflammation, Wald &khgr;2 = 9.36, P = 0.05, over the follow-up period. Changes in sexual behavior varied, with the B-TasP intervention showing lower rates of substance use in sexual contexts, but higher rates of condomless sex with non-HIV positive partners occurred in the context of significantly greater beliefs that cART reduces HIV transmission. Conclusions: Theory-based mobile health behavioral interventions can simultaneously improve cART adherence and sexual health in people living with HIV. Programs aimed to eliminate HIV transmission by reducing HIV infectiousness should be bundled with behavioral interventions to maximize their impact and increase their chances of success.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOCIAL ANHEDONIA TO PSYCHOMETRICALLY IDENTIFIED SCHIZOTYPY

Schizotypy and schizophrenia involve social disinterest (anhedonia) and social anxiety. To clarify the role of social dysfunction in schizotypy, this study examined the relationship of social anxiety and social anhedonia in 364 young adults. As hypothesized, there was a moderate association between these constructs, which diminished after partialing out positive schizotypy. A series of CFAs found that a three-factor solution with positive schizotypy, negative schizotypy, and social anxiety factors provided the best fit for the data. Social anxiety is more strongly associated with positive schizotypy than negative schizotypy. A model in which social anxiety and anhedonia formed a general social dysfunction factor did not provide adequate fit, suggesting that social anhedonia and social anxiety are separate constructs with different relationships to schizotypy.
Structure of CbpA J-Domain Bound to the Regulatory Protein CbpM Explains Its Specificity and Suggests Evolutionary Link between CbpM and Transcriptional Regulators

CbpA is one of the six E. coli DnaJ/Hsp40 homologues of DnaK co-chaperones and the only one that is additionally regulated by a small protein CbpM, conserved in γ-proteobacteria. CbpM inhibits the co-chaperone and DNA binding activities of CbpA. This regulatory function of CbpM is accomplished through reversible interaction with the N-terminal J-domain of CbpA, which is essential for the interaction with DnaK. CbpM is highly specific for CbpA and does not bind DnaJ despite the high degree of structural and functional similarity between the J-domains of CbpA and DnaJ. Here we report the crystal structure of the complex of CbpM with the J-domain of CbpA. CbpM forms dimers and the J-domain of CbpA interacts with both CbpM subunits. The CbpM-binding surface of CbpA is highly overlapping with the CbpA interface for DnaK, providing a competitive model for regulation through forming mutually exclusive complexes. The structure also provides the explanation for the strict specificity of CbpM for CbpA, which we confirmed by making mutants of DnaJ that became regulated by CbpM. Interestingly, the structure of CbpM reveals a striking similarity to members of the MerR family of transcriptional regulators, suggesting an evolutionary connection between the functionally distinct bacterial co-chaperone regulator CbpM and the transcription regulator HspR.