Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutational analysis of the envelope gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus

The env gene products of Moloney murine leukemia virus are required for binding and entry of the virus into the target cell. Thirty-three linker insertion mutations were constructed throughout the env gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Twenty of the mutations were located in the surface protein (SU), and the remaining thirteen were located in the transmembrane protein (TM). The viability of the viruses containing these env gene mutations was determined by performing transient transfections and screening for the release of reverse transcriptase. Eleven viable mutants were isolated, nine in SU and two in TM. Three of the viable mutants were temperature sensitive. Four of the viable mutants were clustered in the carboxy terminus of SU. The env gene products of transfected cell lines which produced viable virus were analyzed. Our results indicated two regions of SU important for the stability of the SU/TM heteropolymer and one region important for the interaction of the env gene products with the viral core.
Irritable bowel syndrome: Role of food in pathogenesis and management

Patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) commonly report the precipitation of symptoms on food ingestion. Though the role of dietary constituents in IBS has not been extensively studied, food could contribute to symptom onset or even the causation of IBS through a number of mechanisms. First, the physiological response of the intestine to food ingestion could precipitate symptoms in predisposed individuals; second, there is some evidence that allergy or intolerance to a particular food can produce IBS‐like symptoms, third, certain foods may alter the composition of the luminal milieu, either directly or indirectly through effects on bacterial metabolism, and thus induce symptoms and, finally, IBS may develop following exposure to food‐borne pathogens. Anticipatory, psychological factors generated by previous negative experiences with food ingestion or other factors may also contribute though their contribution has been scarcely quantified. Not surprisingly, there is considerable interest in the potential roles of diet and food supplements in the therapy of IBS; for the most part, the evidence base for such recommendations remains slim though certain probiotics show considerable promise.
Detection of errors by attending physicians on a general medicine service

BACKGROUND: Attending physicians are well positioned to identify medical errors and understand their consequences. The spectrum of errors that can be detected by attending physicians in the course of their usual practice is currently unknown.OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency, types, and consequences of errors that can be detected by attending hospitalist physicians in the care of their patients, and to compare the types of errors first discovered by attending hospitalists to those discovered by other providers.DESIGN: Prospective identification of errors by attending physicians.SETTING: Two hundred-bed, academic hospital.PATIENTS: Five hundred twenty-eight patients admitted to the general medicine service from October 2000 to April 2001.MEASUREMENTS: Errors, both near misses and adverse events, were identified during the course of routine, clinical care by 2 attending hospitalists. Errors first detected by other health care workers were also recorded.MAIN RESULTS: Of the 528 patients admitted to the hospitalist service, 10.4% experienced at least 1 error: 6.2% a near miss and 4.2% an adverse event. Although differences did not achieve statistical significance, most of the errors first detected by house staff, nurses, and laboratory technicians were adverse events; most of the errors first detected by the attending hospitalists, pharmacists, and consultants were near misses. Drug errors were the most common type of error overall.CONCLUSIONS: Attending physicians engaged in routine clinical care can detect a range of errors, and differences may exist in the types of errors detected by various health care providers.
Changes in the work ability of active employees over an 11-year period.

OBJECTIVES Changes in the work ability of active employees were followed over a period of 11 years. METHODS Men and women in the same occupation (N = 818) in 1981-1992 assessed their work ability according to an index on current work ability, physical and mental work demands, diagnosed diseases, work impairment from disease, sickness absence, work ability prognosis, and psychological resources. Their mean initial age was 46.9 (range 44-51) years. The means and standard deviations of the work ability index and the prevalence rates of 4 work ability categories were followed with respect to age, gender, and job content. RESULTS The mean work ability index declined significantly in 11 years for both genders. Its association with age and work was strong. Age of > or = 51 years and physical work load were critical factors affecting the work ability of both genders. At the mean age of 58 years, at least 25% of the installation, auxiliary, or transport workers had a poor work ability rating, as did the women doing kitchen supervision, auxiliary, and home care work. The annual rate of decline in work ability was highest for women aged 51 years at the onset of the study. Female teachers showed a less dramatic decline in work ability than male teachers. CONCLUSIONS Work does not seem to prevent a decline in the work ability of men and women as they age. Therefore, measures to promote work ability should be started before the age of 51 years, especially for workers in physically demanding jobs.
Active damping for grid-connected LCL filter based on optimum controller design using injected grid current feedback only

LCL filters are widely used for grid-connected converters because its superiority over L and LC filters, however the resonance problem produced by these filters requires a more effort in the design process to damp it. Active damping techniques which use the sensed capacitor current are widely used in this regard to solve this problem; however this requires an increase in the number of sensors. Based on the optimum design for PI controller, this paper introduces an active damping method based on the capacitor estimated current without increase in the number of sensors. This is achieved by using an additional observer loop as a feedback in the controller loop to estimate the capacitor current. The simulation results for the proposed control algorithm are introduced in this work.
Introduction: Putting Geopolitical Economy to Work

Abstract This introduction frames the papers in this volume with a brief critique of how and why the dominant approaches to understanding world affairs obscure our understanding of the chief developments that have marked our age, and a discussion of the resources geopolitical economy can draw on to address the resulting deficiencies of understanding. It then goes on to discuss how the papers that follow demonstrate the gains from putting the geopolitical economy framework to work. They interrogate and challenge conventional wisdom in three broad areas – the international monetary system, world trade and the requirements for successful combined development historically and today, when China’s own stunning combined development confronts other developing countries with new possibilities and constraints. The introduction closes with some necessarily brief reflections on the vast agenda for future research and discussion that remains to be tackled.
The 3D model of debriefing: defusing, discovering, and deepening.

The experiential learning process involves participation in key experiences and analysis of those experiences. In health care, these experiences can occur through high-fidelity simulation or in the actual clinical setting. The most important component of this process is the postexperience analysis or debriefing. During the debriefing, individuals must reflect upon the experience, identify the mental models that led to behaviors or cognitive processes, and then build or enhance new mental models to be used in future experiences. On the basis of adult learning theory, the Kolb Experiential Learning Cycle, and the Learning Outcomes Model, we structured a framework for facilitators of debriefings entitled "the 3D Model of Debriefing: Defusing, Discovering, and Deepening. " It incorporates common phases prevalent in the debriefing literature, including description of and reactions to the experience, analysis of behaviors, and application or synthesis of new knowledge into clinical practice. It can be used to enhance learning after real or simulated events.
Atmospheric Phase Screen in Ground-Based Radar: Statistics and Compensation

In this letter, we face one of the main issues in ground-based radar applications, i.e., the evaluation and removal of the atmospheric phase screen (APS). The time-varying delay statistics are assessed by means of both radars and meteo simulated data sets and are critically interpreted with particular reference to the entailed compensation issues. A compensation approach based on the available on-site meteo parameters (pressure, temperature, and humidity) is then investigated. The technique proposes an initial calibration step on humidity which leads to significant improvements in the APS removal. The results of the technique are discussed in the case of a real campaign data set (Bolzano, Italy) that covers a temporal baseline of about one week.
Expérience, savoirs et connaissances : quelles relations ?

Dans la societe de la connaissance, la validation des acquis non formels et informels conduit a la reconnaissance de savoirs et de connaissances autres que ceux issus des parcours scolaires et academiques. Ces validations modifient-elles les rapports aux savoirs ? Contribuent-elles a de nouvelles relations entre la formation professionnelle et l'enseignement superieur ? Une nouvelle synergie peut-elle emerger d'un rapprochement avec le processus de Bologne (et donc de l'enseignement superieur)?
Urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with decreased serum testosterone in men, women, and children from NHANES 2011-2012.

CONTEXT There is evidence of declining trends in T levels among men in recent decades, as well as trends in related conditions at multiple life stages and in both sexes. There is also animal and limited human evidence that exposure to phthalates, chemicals found in plastics and personal care products, is associated with reduced androgen levels and associated disorders. OBJECTIVE To explore relationships between urinary concentrations of 13 phthalate metabolites and serum total T levels among men, women, and children when adjusting for important confounders and stratifying by sex and age (6-12, 12-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 y). DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS US general population. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum total T measured by isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Multiple phthalates were associated with significantly reduced T in both sexes and in differing age groups. In females, the strongest and most consistent inverse relationships were found among women ages 40-60 years. In boys 6-12 years old, an interquartile range increase in metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate was associated with a 29% (95% confidence interval, 6, 47) reduction in T. In adult men, the only significant or suggestive inverse associations between phthalates (metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate) and T were observed among men ages 40-60 years. CONCLUSIONS Because T plays an important role in all life stages for both sexes, future efforts should focus on better defining these relationships and their broader impacts.
Pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of macular edema

Introduction: The use of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for the treatment of various types of macular edema has been widespread, particularly for the last decade. Currently, there is a scant amount of evidence-based literature evaluating the pharmacokinetic profile of TA despite clinical data showing the efficacy of intravitreal TA for multiple forms of macular edema. Areas covered: This paper is an extensive review of human and experimental studies published on the pharmacokinetics of TA for the treatment of macular edema. The literature search was conducted via OVID, TRIP Database and EMBASE, up to April 2011. Expert opinion: The pharmacokinetic profile of TA is unpredictable and the agent has a time-limited therapeutic action due to its relatively short half-life. This has led to the need for repeated injections. Future research should investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of TA when administered intravitreally, as well as through alternate routes in more robust studies.
Short‐term exposures of fish to perfluorooctane sulfonate: Acute effects on fatty acyl‐CoA oxidase activity, oxidative stress, and circulating sex steroids

This study investigated the effects of exposure to waterborne perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on oxidative stress and reproductive endpoints in fish. Exposures utilized species commonly used in toxicological testing, including the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as relatively insensitive taxa such as creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). In all fish species, short‐term (14–28 d) exposure to PFOS produced only modest mortality at concentrations consistent with environmental spill scenarios. However, PFOS consistently increased hepatic fatty acyl‐CoA oxidase activity and increased oxidative damage, as quantified using the 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances assay. Plasma testosterone, 11‐ketotestosterone, and 17β‐estradiol titers were often elevated with PFOS exposure. Vitellogenin, the egg yolk precursor protein, was occasionally altered in the plasma with PFOS exposure, but responses varied with maturity. Oviposition frequency and egg deposition in fathead minnow were not significantly impaired with PFOS exposure, despite a trend toward progressive impairment with increasing exposure concentrations. Although short‐term PFOS exposure produced significant impacts on biochemical and reproductive endpoints in fish at concentrations consistent with environmental spills, the impact of long‐term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOS is unclear.
Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields.

We present a simple, analytic, and fully quantum theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields. The theory recovers the classical interpretation of Kulander et al. in Proceedings of the SILAP III Works hop, edited by B. Piraux (Plenum, New York, 1993) and Corkum [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1994 (1993)] and clearly explains why the single-atom harmonic-generation spectra fall off at an energy approximately equal to the ionization energy plus about three times the oscillation energy of a free electron in the field. The theory is valid for arbitrary atomic potentials and can be generalized to describe laser fields of arbitrary ellipticity and spectrum. We discuss the role of atomic dipole matrix elements, electron rescattering processes, and of depletion of the ground state. We present the exact quantum-mechanical formula for the harmonic cutoff that differs from the phenomenological law Ip+3.17Up, where Ip is the atomic ionization potential and Up is the ponderomotive energy, due to the account for quantum tunneling and diffusion effects. (Less)
A North Atlantic Climate Pacemaker for the Centuries

Although El Niño and La Niña are the largest single sources of global interannual climate variability, climate shifts on longer time scales than El Niño's 2 to 7 years are also drawing the attention of researchers. On multidecadal time scales of 40 to 80 years, a restless North Atlantic seems to be at work, alternately countering and enhancing humankind's alterations of climate. The evidence for this is turning up in such records as tree rings, ice cores, and corals.
Design and realization of a planar near field antenna measurement system

Determination of the radiation pattern is one of the major issues in antenna characterization. Radiation pattern is a far field parameter and it must be measured at a point where wave trains are propagating in same phase. Although this range can be obtained inside a laboratory for isotropic antennas, in case of high gain directive antennas it can well extend to several tens of meters. Radiation pattern measurement using near field approach is possible for the latter case, even inside a small-scale laboratory. Nevertheless, since the design and the realization of near field antenna measurement systems require detailed engineering activities compared to that of far field systems, their costs are fairly high. In order to obtain a low-cost, maintainable and native near field antenna measurement system, an engineering study was conducted in TUBITAK BILGEM UEKAE EMC Laboratory and a near field measurement system was developed. In this article, antenna patterns measured by the developed system are presented.
Trustworthiness Fusion of Web Service Based on D-S Evidence Theory

Trustworthiness plays an important role in service activities. However, it is not easy to define and compute the service trustworthiness as the evidence involves several information from different service party and maybe conflict at the same time. We discuss the definition and computation method of trustworthiness in this paper. The trustworthiness is acquired from service provider, service user, and service agent and then it is fused based on D-S evident theory. Finally, we testify that the trustworthiness can improve the precision of service discovery via simulation experiments.
Mortal allies: human immunodeficiency virus and noncommunicable diseases

Purpose of review HIV-infected individuals have improved access to antiretroviral therapy. This has resulted in a shift in causes of mortality from infectious diseases to noncommunicable diseases including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and malignancies. This review will look at the epidemiological shift, risk factors for the development of these diseases and examine some of the supporting laboratory diagnostic testing, which may be required. Recent findings Risk factors for the development of these diseases in HIV-infected patients include underlying genetic predisposition, lifestyle risk factors, chronic inflammation as a consequence of HIV infection, the presence and persistence of opportunistic infections and in some cases, highly active antiretroviral therapy, itself. Morbidity and mortality from HIV-associated conditions are increasing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with increased prevalence of HIV-associated cancers, cardiovascular disease and CKD. Summary Management of these conditions in LMICs requires an integrated pathology solution that will enable early screening, diagnosis and monitoring.
Chemotherapy for newly diagnosed and relapsed advanced ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVES To review chemotherapy options for patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed advanced ovarian cancer. DATA SOURCES Published literature. CONCLUSION Primary chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer consisting of a platinum compound and a taxane is commonly associated with myelosuppression, nausea/vomiting, alopecia, and sensory/motor neuropathy. For recurrent disease, numerous chemotherapy agents are effective, including rechallenging the patient with a platinum and/or a taxane or using newer agents such as pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, topotecan, and gemcitabine. In platinum-resistant disease, selection is based mainly on the toxicity profile, because palliation and quality of life are important. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Oncology nurses play a valuable role in ovarian cancer care by proactively meeting patient information needs.
Labor Market Intermediaries and Employment Promotion

Based on literature review,questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews,and a systematic and comprehensive analysis of Chinese labor market intermediaries,the research shows that,as Chinese labor market becomes more and more open,the way of job matching changes and the importance of employment intermediary increases gradually.Social network becomes an important channel for job seekers to get employment information,but the effects vary for different people.Job seekers choose different channels based on their individual characteristics.The labor market intermediaries promote employment by providing job information,while some factors,such as unreliable credit,insufficient information and unfocused service,greatly restrain the effectiveness of Chinese intermediaries on employment promotion.Suggestions are put forward to strengthen the infrastructure and platform of Chinese human resource management,construct public employment service organizations and professional teams,introduce performance management in public employment service,enhance the publicity of public employment service organizations,and improve relevant laws and regulations.
Influence of four modes of administration on penetration of aztreonam, cefuroxime, and ampicillin into interstitial fluid and fibrin clots and on in vivo efficacy against Haemophilus influenzae

The extravascular penetration and bactericidal activity of aztreonam, cefuroxime, and ampicillin against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative Haemophilus influenzae strains were compared in a rabbit model. All groups of animals received an identical total dose of 100 mg of either antibiotic per kg given by four different intravenous modes of administration including a single large injection, four intermittent injections, a continuous infusion, and an injection followed by an infusion. Aztreonam had a higher degree of penetration in interstitial fluid and fibrin clots and was the most effective agent against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative H. influenzae. A single large injection of either drug resulted in significantly higher peak levels and higher initial area under the curves of concentrations of drugs in serum, the interstitial fluid, and fibrin clots than those by other modes of administration. Continuous infusions of antibiotics resulted in poor in vivo bactericidal activity. Other modes of administration exhibited good antibacterial activity within the first 6 h of the study. Thereafter, a single large injection of aztreonam resulted in a much more rapid killing of H. influenzae than that by injection of the other drugs. Aztreonam and cefuroxime showed good in vivo stability to beta-lactamase produced by H. influenzae while ampicillin was rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo.
On the Influence of International Intra-product Specialization on Employment Quality

FDI has a strong impact on Chinese economy. It has even led to the transition of Chinese economy. This paper argues that the research on China employment quality should be attached attention to the influence of FDI on Chinese economy. The paper conducts an empirical research by using the employment data from 2000 to 2010,the result discovers that FDI improves the quality of employment. Further,it finds that the existence of FDI in east,central,west regions presents a different influence.