Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compact planar folded monopole antenna with coupling mechanism for Quad ISM band, GNSS and UMTS applications

This study presents a compact meandered type monopole antenna improved with coupling mechanisms to increase the number of allocated frequency bands in consideration. The proposed antenna includes a meandered (folded) conductor structure. Two straight conductors placed at the end of the meandered part bring Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands at the upper UHF band with coupling mechanism, and one stub-like conductor inserted at the input of the meandered region gives another ISM band at the higher frequency. The antenna works at four popular ISM frequency bands of 433, 866, 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz, which cover several wireless applications such as M-bus, M2M, IoT, LoRa, RFID, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Along with the optimized dimensions of meandered and straight conductor parts, the proper arrangement of the dimensions related with coplanar feed part additionally provides upper Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) band, which includes upper bands of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo applications, and almost full coverage of 3G/UMTS −2100/IMT-2000 band. The described antenna has compact structure with about 0. 125λ0 by 0. 046λ0 at the lowest frequency, reasonable gain and omnidirectional radiation pattern characteristics.
Narrow-band imaging vs. high definition white light for optical diagnosis of small colorectal polyps: a randomized multicenter trial

Background and study aim: The aim of the study was to compare the latest narrow-band imaging (NBI) device with high-definition white light (HDWL) endoscopy for accuracy of real-time optical diagnosis of small colorectal polyps. Patients and methods: We conducted a randomized, prospective, multicenter trial at three study sites in Germany. In the NBI arm, endoscopists used NBI for the prediction of polyp pathology on the basis of the NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic classification. In the HDWL arm, NBI was not used for optical classification of polyp histology. The primary outcome was accuracy of optical diagnoses (neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic) in small polyps measuring < 10 mm. Secondary end points included sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: A total of 380 patients were randomized 1:1 to either the NBI or HDWL arm. A total of 421 polyps measuring < 10 mm were detected (55.8 % neoplastic, 44.2 % non-neoplastic). Accuracy, sensitivity, and NPV were 73.7 %, 82.4 %, and 75.5 %, respectively, in the NBI arm and 79.2 %, 79.8 %, and 73.4 %, respectively, in the HDWL arm (P = 0.225, P = 0.667, P = 0.765). More polyps were assessed with high confidence in the HDWL arm (82.6 %) than in the NBI arm (73.7 %; P = 0.038). The NPV of the prediction of neoplastic histology in diminutive polyps (≤ 5 mm) rated with high confidence was 90.3 % in the NBI arm. We detected significant differences between the participating study sites in the performance data of predictions. Conclusion: The levels of accuracy for real-time prediction of polyp histology (< 10 mm) did not differ between NBI and HDWL for optical diagnosis. Variation in the performance of optical diagnosis was apparent between study centers. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02009774)
Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde-containing micelles induce relaxation of isolated porcine coronary arteries: role of nitric oxide and calcium

Background and purpose Cinnamaldehyde, a major component of cinnamon, induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and exerts vasodilator and anticancer effects, but its short half-life limits its clinical use. The present experiments were designed to compare the acute relaxing properties of cinnamaldehyde with those of self-assembling polymer micelles either loaded with cinnamaldehyde or consisting of a polymeric prodrug [poly(cinnamaldehyde)] that incorporates the compound in its backbone. Methods Rings of porcine coronary arteries were contracted with the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619 or 40 mM KCl, and changes in isometric tension were recorded. Results Cinnamaldehyde induced concentration-dependent but endothelium-independent, nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-independent, cyclooxygenase-independent, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)-independent, calcium-activated potassium-independent, and TRPA1 channel-independent relaxations. Cinnamaldehyde also inhibited the contractions induced by 40 mM KCl Ca2+ reintroduction in 40 mM KCl Ca2+-free solution or by the Ca2+ channel opener Bay K8644. Cinnamaldehyde-loaded control micelles induced complete, partly endothelium-dependent relaxations sensitive to catalase and inhibitors of NOS or sGC, but not cyclooxygenase or TRPA1, channels. Cinnamaldehyde-loaded micelles also inhibited contractions induced by 40 mM KCl Ca2+ reintroduction or Bay K8644. Poly(cinnamaldehyde) micelles induced only partial, endothelium-dependent relaxations that were reduced by inhibitors of NOS or sGC and by catalase and the antioxidant tiron, but not by indomethacin or TRPA1 channel blockers. Conclusion The present findings demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde-loaded and poly(cinnamaldehyde) micelles possess vasodilator properties, but that the mechanism underlying the relaxation that they cause differs from that of cinnamaldehyde, and thus could be used both to relieve coronary vasospasm and for therapeutic drug delivery.
Achieving Unconditional Security in Existing Networks Using Quantum Cryptography

Based on extensions to the protocols PPP and IPSEC, we present a working proposal for building a network over which messages can be sent unconditionally secure. We will show how quantum cryptography can be implemented in classical protocols and how existing networks can be efficiently extended to suit our needs for unconditional security. We show that graph connectivity is crucial for the security of the transmission. For that matter, we provide secure routing services, so an adversary cannot penetrate any message flow successfully. Furthermore, our protocols are extensible to allow up to t − 1 adversaries (possibly cooperating) while remaining unconditionally secure.
M-Show: A System for Accurate Position Estimation in Multi-Floor Buildings

The present invention is directed toward radiolabeled farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitor compounds which are useful to label FPTase in assays, whether cell-based, tissue-based or in whole animal. The tracers can also be used in competitive binding assays to obtain information on the interaction of unlabeled FTIs with FPTase.
Skepxels: Spatio-temporal Image Representation of Human Skeleton Joints for Action Recognition

Human skeleton joints are popular for action analysis since they can be easily extracted from videos to discard background noises. However, current skeleton representations do not fully benefit from machine learning with CNNs. We propose "Skepxels" a spatio-temporal representation for skeleton sequences to fully exploit the "local" correlations between joints using the 2D convolution kernels of CNN. We transform skeleton videos into images of flexible dimensions using Skepxels and develop a CNN-based framework for effective human action recognition using the resulting images. Skepxels encode rich spatio-temporal information about the skeleton joints in the frames by maximizing a unique distance metric, defined collaboratively over the distinct joint arrangements used in the skeletal image. Moreover, they are flexible in encoding compound semantic notions such as location and speed of the joints. The proposed action recognition exploits the representation in a hierarchical manner by first capturing the micro-temporal relations between the skeleton joints with the Skepxels and then exploiting their macro-temporal relations by computing the Fourier Temporal Pyramids over the CNN features of the skeletal images. We extend the Inception-ResNet CNN architecture with the proposed method and improve the state-of-the-art accuracy by 4.4% on the large scale NTU human activity dataset. On the medium-sized N-UCLA and UTH-MHAD datasets, our method outperforms the existing results by 5.7% and 9.3% respectively.
Intracellular Bacteria Encode Inhibitory SNARE-Like Proteins

Pathogens use diverse molecular machines to penetrate host cells and manipulate intracellular vesicular trafficking. Viruses employ glycoproteins, functionally and structurally similar to the SNARE proteins, to induce eukaryotic membrane fusion. Intracellular pathogens, on the other hand, need to block fusion of their infectious phagosomes with various endocytic compartments to escape from the degradative pathway. The molecular details concerning the mechanisms underlying this process are lacking. Using both an in vitro liposome fusion assay and a cellular assay, we showed that SNARE-like bacterial proteins block membrane fusion in eukaryotic cells by directly inhibiting SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. More specifically, we showed that IncA and IcmG/DotF, two SNARE-like proteins respectively expressed by Chlamydia and Legionella, inhibit the endocytic SNARE machinery. Furthermore, we identified that the SNARE-like motif present in these bacterial proteins encodes the inhibitory function. This finding suggests that SNARE-like motifs are capable of specifically manipulating membrane fusion in a wide variety of biological environments. Ultimately, this motif may have been selected during evolution because it is an efficient structural motif for modifying eukaryotic membrane fusion and thus contribute to pathogen survival.
Exposure to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs during Pregnancy and the Risk of Selected Birth Defects: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background Since use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during pregnancy is common, small increases in the risk of birth defects may have significant implications for public health. Results of human studies on the teratogenic risks of NSAIDs are inconsistent. Therefore, we evaluated the risk of selected birth defects after prenatal exposure to prescribed and over-the-counter NSAIDs. Methods and Findings We used data on 69,929 women enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study between 1999 and 2006. Data on NSAID exposure were available from a self-administered questionnaire completed around gestational week 17. Information on pregnancy outcome was obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Only birth defects suspected to be associated with NSAID exposure based upon proposed teratogenic mechanisms and previous studies were included in the multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 3,023 women used NSAIDs in gestational weeks 0–12 and 64,074 women did not report NSAID use in early pregnancy. No associations were observed between overall exposure to NSAIDs during pregnancy and the selected birth defects separately or as a group (adjusted odds ratio 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.4–1.1). Associations between maternal use of specific types of NSAIDs and the selected birth defects were not found either, although an increased risk was seen for septal defects and exposure to multiple NSAIDs based on small numbers (2 exposed cases; crude odds ratio 3.9, 95% confidence interval 0.9–15.7). Conclusions Exposure to NSAIDs during the first 12 weeks of gestation does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of the selected birth defects. However, due to the small numbers of NSAID-exposed infants for the individual birth defect categories, increases in the risks of specific birth defects could not be excluded.
Holography Based on the Weigert’s Effect

Despite the numerous scientific and technological achievements in the field of holography, its main task still remains the registration and the reconstruction of the complete information of the wave scattered by the object. The wave of the light, scattered by an object, is characterized by four main parameters: Intensity, Phase, Wavelength and Polarization. The primary task of holography is solved, if all four parameters are recorded and reproduced adequately. The problem of holographic recording and reconstruction of the first three parameters was practically solved by using ordinary light-sensitive materials, which respond only to the Intensity of light (Gabor, 1948; Leith U Denisiuk, 1974). As to the fourth parameter the polarization the problem of its adequate recording and reconstruction was not solved. It is natural that, in the case of the usual photosensitive material, all the characteristics of the wave, except polarization, are displayed as the distribution of isotropic optical properties. However, in the general case of holographic recording the light wave, scattered on the object, changes the polarization. Therefore the total interference pattern will have the modulation also with the polarization, the information about of which is lost during the holographic recording in the ordinary photographic materials. It should be noted that from the four basic parameters of the light the polarization can be regarded as the most complex. Particularly, to assess the polarization of the light, the measurement of four values is needed (so called Stokes parameters, So; S1; S2; S3)(BornW Vavilov, 1932). Therefore, the unpolarized light has a certain polarization parameter which can be detected and, accordingly, can be recorded in appropriate conditions. Thus, the problem of the holographic registration and the reconstruction of the polarization state of the wave can be considered as the most difficult problem in the holography. For registration of the polarization characteristics of light a photosensitive material, which
Representing smooth functions as compositions of near-identity functions with implications for deep network optimization

We show that any smooth bi-Lipschitz $h$ can be represented exactly as a composition $h_m \circ . \circ h_1$ of functions $h_1,. ,h_m$ that are close to the identity in the sense that each $\left(h_i-\mathrm{Id}\right)$ is Lipschitz, and the Lipschitz constant decreases inversely with the number $m$ of functions composed. This implies that $h$ can be represented to any accuracy by a deep residual network whose nonlinear layers compute functions with a small Lipschitz constant. Next, we consider nonlinear regression with a composition of near-identity nonlinear maps. We show that, regarding Fr\'echet derivatives with respect to the $h_1,. ,h_m$, any critical point of a quadratic criterion in this near-identity region must be a global minimizer. In contrast, if we consider derivatives with respect to parameters of a fixed-size residual network with sigmoid activation functions, we show that there are near-identity critical points that are suboptimal, even in the realizable case. Informally, this means that functional gradient methods for residual networks cannot get stuck at suboptimal critical points corresponding to near-identity layers, whereas parametric gradient methods for sigmoidal residual networks suffer from suboptimal critical points in the near-identity region.
A perspective on food energy standards for nutrition labelling

Food energy values used for nutrition labelling and other purposes are traditionally based on the metabolisable energy (ME) standard, which has recent support from Warwick & Baines (2000). By reference to current practices and published data, the present review critically examines the ME standard and support for it. Theoretical and experimental evidence on the validity of ME and alternatives are considered. ME and alternatives are applied to 1189 foods to assess outcomes. The potential impact of implementing a better standard in food labelling, documentation of energy requirements and food tables, and its impact on users including consumers, trade and professionals, are also examined. Since 1987 twenty-two expert reviews, reports and regulatory documents have fully or partly dropped the ME standard. The principal reason given is that ME only approximates energy supply by nutrients, particularly fermentable carbohydrates. ME has been replaced by net metabolisable energy (NME), which accounts for the efficiency of fuel utilisation in metabolism. Data collated from modern indirect calorimetry studies in human subjects show NME to be valid and applicable to each source of food energy, not just carbohydrates. NME is robust; two independent approaches give almost identical results (human calorimetry and calculation of free energy or net ATP yield) and these approaches are well supported by studies in animals. By contrast, the theoretical basis of ME is totally flawed. ME incompletely represents the energy balance equation, with substantial energy losses in a missing term. In using NME factors an account is made of frequent over-approximations by the ME system, up to 25 % of the NME for individual foods among 1189 foods in British tables, particularly low-energy-density traditional foods. A new simple general factor system is possible based on NME, yet the minimal experimental methodology is no more than that required for ME. By accounting for unavailable carbohydrate the new factor system appears as specific to foods as the USA's food-specific Atwater system, while it is more representative of energy supply from food components. The NME content of foods is readily calculable as the sum from fat (37 kJ/g), protein (13 kJ/g), available carbohydrate (16 kJ/g), fully-fermentable carbohydrate (8 kJ/g), alcohol (26 kJ/g) and other components. Obstacles to the implementation of NME appear to be subjective and minor. In conclusion, the ME standard is at best an approximate surrogate for NME, and inadequately approximates food energy values for the purpose of informing the consumer about the impact on energy balance of the energy supply for equal intake of individual foods. NME is superior to ME for nutrition labelling and other purposes.
A New Paradigm for Web App Development, Deployment, Distribution, and Collaboration

Web application is getting great prosperous while web browser is becoming one of the most important platforms not only on PCs, but also on mobile devices. And web application producing and consuming are going through a process of transformation sharped by the trends including Cloud computing, social networking, online application store, etc. It’s necessary to look at the whole web application paradigm and get vision for its future. In this paper, we gave our insight on the web application paradigm, discussing its aspects of development, deployment, distribution, economic model, cloud platform, social diffusion and so on, and represent both the architecture and implementation based on our understanding.
Clinical Outcomes of the Modified Broström Technique in the Management of Chronic Ankle Instability After Early, Intermediate, and Delayed Presentation

ABSTRACT The modified Broström technique (MBT) is considered the reference standard for surgical management of ankle instability, with good short‐term outcomes. However, limited evidence is available regarding outcomes for delayed presentations of instability. We report our outcomes for patients who underwent ligament repair using the MBT, from a single‐surgeon retrospective study of consecutive patients. The minimum postoperative follow‐up period was 6 months during a 5‐year study period. The patients were retrospectively divided into 3 groups according to the delay in presentation: group 1, 6 months to 2 years; group 2, 2 to 4 years; and group 3, >4 years. We collected data on patient demographics, injury pattern, and intraoperative surgeon findings. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle‐hindfoot scale (AHS) was used to evaluate patient outcomes and satisfaction with surgery. Twenty‐six patients were treated with MBT. The mean follow‐up period was 36.9 (range 6–42) months. Twenty‐five (96.2%) patients had unilateral injuries, and 1 (3.85%) had bilateral repairs. Of the 26 patients, 21 (80.8%) completed the AOFAS‐AHS, with a mean score of 87.4 (range 12 to 100). The mean interval from injury to surgery was 47.9 months. The results were excellent in 15 (71.4%), good in 3 (14.3%), fair in 1 (4.8%), and poor in 2 (9.5%) using the AOFAS‐AHS. We found no significant difference in the overall AOFAS‐AHS score or postoperative satisfaction among the groups (p > .05). All patients had a stable ankle joint at their final follow‐up visit. In conclusion, patients with persistent or chronic ankle instability have good clinical outcomes and satisfaction after the MBT, irrespective of the time from injury to presentation. Level of Clinical Evidence: 4
Filtering Noise from Electrocardiogram using FIR filter with CSD coefficients

Filtering of ECG signal is very important because noisy ECG signal can mask some important features of the Electrocardiogram (ECG). Hence the filters are necessary to remove this noise for proper analysis of the ECG signal. This paper presents the study of FIR filter using common subexpression elimination techniques for ECG signal Processing. The common subexpression elimination techniques minimize the logic operators (LO) in realizing finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The Canonical Signed Digit (CSD) representation of filter coefficients will increase the common subexpressions which reduces the design complexity. The design examples show that the average reduction of LO achieved using the optimized method is better than the other subexpression techniques. All the techniques are designed and simulated using MATLAB and Modelsim.
ROSC: Robust Spectral Clustering on Multi-scale Data

We investigate the effectiveness of spectral methods in clustering multi-scale data, which is data whose clusters are of various sizes and densities. We review existing spectral methods that are designed to handle multi-scale data and propose an alternative approach that is orthogonal to existing methods. We put forward the algorithm ROSC, which computes an affinity matrix that takes into account both objects' feature similarity and reachability similarity. We perform extensive experiments comparing ROSC against 9 other methods on both real and synthetic datasets. Our results show that ROSC performs very well against the competitors. In particular, it is very robust in that it consistently performs well over all the datasets tested. Also, it outperforms others by wide margins for datasets that are highly multi-scale.
Locally Presentable and Accessible Categories: Bibliography

The concepts of a locally presentable category and an accessible category have turned out to be extremely useful in formulating connections between universal algebra, model theory, logic and computer science. The aim of this book is to provide an exposition of both the theory and the applications of these categories at a level accessible to graduate students.
Query Suggestion with Feedback Memory Network

This paper presents Feedback Memory Network (\textttFMN) which models user interactions with the search engine for query suggestion. Besides modeling the queries issued by the user, \textttFMN also considers user feedback on the search results. It converts user browsing and click actions to the attention over the top-ranked documents and combines them into the feedback memories of the query, thus better models the underlying information needs. The feedback memories and the query sequence are then combined to suggest queries by the sequence-to-sequence neural network. Modeling user feedback makes it possible to suggest diverse queries for the same query sequence, if users have preferred different search results that indicate different information needs. Our experiments on the search log from a Chinese commercial search engine showed the stable and robust advantages of \textttFMN. Especially when the feedback is richer or more informative, \textttFMN provides more diverse and accurate suggestions, which is exceptionally helpful for ambiguous sessions where more information is required to infer the search intents.