Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Nanotechnology to improve the performance of asphalt materials

-Nanotechnology has been gradually penetrated into the field of asphalt modification. Seemingly magic effects of nanomaterial have been brought to improve the performance of asphalt. To demonstrate many of the prospective applications, researchers have conducted a series of positive and effective efforts dealing with the preparation of modified asphalt to demonstrate the mechanism of modification and the resultant improvement in performance. In this review, various nanomaterial used in asphalt modification are initially presented, followed by the methods employed to modify the asphalt with these materials and finally the effects of nanomaterial on the performance of base asphalt are presented and the modification mechanisms are discussed. Based on the current research results, the influence of preparation process parameters on the compatibility of every phase in the modified bitumen and the stability of the modified asphalt system are described. In this study the experimental testing of: 1Nano silica with three percentages 2%, 4%, and 6% by the weight of asphalt were blended in asphalt binder at high temperature to exfoliate the Nano silica within the asphalt. 2Three types of Nano clay with different ratio aluminiumoxide (A, B, C) at 2% and 4% by the weight of asphalt were blended in asphalt binder __________________________________________ Dr. Abdullah AbdelAleem Abou Khadrah Faculty of engineering – Beni-suef University Egypt Dr. Mohamed Mostafa Elsherif Faculty of engineering Benha University Egypt E, Marwa Mohamed Sabry Faculty of engineering – Benha University Egypt at high temperature to exfoliate the Nano clay within the asphalt. It shows the difference of modified bitumen Viscosity, Penetration, Softening, flash point and Marshall Stabilization showed in charts. These differences depend on the type of bitumen, the type of Nano material and the percent of additives. Using the results of these experiments to make a comparison between using Nanosilica and using Nano-clay with different percent we reached to the effects of each type and each percent of Nano material on the original bitumen properties so that the asphalt mix properties.
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of the 5-Nitroanthranilic Acid Degradation Pathway in Bradyrhizobium sp. Strain JS329

ABSTRACT Biodegradation pathways of synthetic nitroaromatic compounds and anilines are well documented, but little is known about those of nitroanilines. We previously reported that the initial step in 5-nitroanthranilic acid (5NAA) degradation by Bradyrhizobium sp. strain JS329 is a hydrolytic deamination to form 5-nitrosalicylic acid (5NSA), followed by ring fission catalyzed by 5NSA dioxygenase. The mechanism of release of the nitro group was unknown. In this study, we subcloned, sequenced, and expressed the genes encoding 5NAA deaminase (5NAA aminohydrolase, NaaA), 5NSA dioxygenase (NaaB) and lactonase (NaaC), the key genes responsible for 5NAA degradation. Sequence analysis and enzyme characterization revealed that NaaA is a hydrolytic metalloenzyme with a narrow substrate range. The nitro group is spontaneously eliminated as nitrite concomitant with the formation of a lactone from the ring fission product of 5NSA dioxygenation. The elimination of the nitro group during lactone formation is a previously unreported mechanism for denitration of nitro aliphatic compounds.
STUDIES OF RED CELL SURVIVAL *

In vivo survival of red cells can be investigated only when some method of labeling is used.t With methods of the first class, all cells are labeled regardless of age. At present radioactive sodium chromate is the most useful agent in this class, but i t has the disadvantage that the label is not quite permanent: on the average, there is a loss of slightly less than 1 per cent daily. Preferably it is used to tag a small sample in uitro. Before injection the slight excess of uncombined chromate is removed by washing or, better, reduced by ascorbic acid to a chromic salt; in this form it does not combine with red cells. The labeled cells may then be injected back into the subject from which they were taken or into another subject. By injecting it intravenously, chromate also has been used to label all the cells in the circulation, although not as heavily. The objection to this method is that the chromic salt to whkh the chromate is rapidly reduced in the blood stream labels plasma proteins and, in samples taken over the first few days, by far the greater part of the radioactivity is in the plasma. Because of its relatively rapid removal, the opposite becomes true in later samples. However, in the earlier samples the very much smaller red cell radioactivity that is determined by subtraction of the plasma radioactivity from that of the whole blood is liable to an unnecessarily large error. Transfusion of cells labeled intravenously in this manner into a different subject is unsatisfactory because of the relatively small amount of chromium attached to each individual cell. Also in this class are the Ashby method and its modifications, based on a natural means of identification provided by blood groups. Since these methods depend on isolation of the transfused cells by agglutination or, better, by hemolysis of the recipient's cells with a serum that does not affect the cells to be counted, they are limited in practice to donors of blood groups 0 or N and to recipients of groups A, M and, possibly, B. For others, sufficiently powerful antisera are not available except for the Rh system, which should probably be avoided for other reasons. Of course, cells can be followed only after transfusion. If a reasonable degree of accuracy in counts is desired, the method is laborious. The newer instruments for automatic counting of red cells have not been used yet to any great extent to lighten these labors. Radioactive diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP32), introduced more recently,2 is a permanent label and, in this respect, superior to chromium, but * The work reported in this paper was supported in part by Research Grant H-3028 (Cl), National Heart Institute, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. t For recent discussions with extensive bibliographies see Mollison' or Jacobs. 17 These methods may be divided into two classes.
An Empirical Analysis of Errors in Structure from Motion

The process of registering airborne video to some reference imagery described by Cooke et al. [2] involves feature detection and tracking, structure from motion with missing data, georeferencing, dense matching and 2D image registration. This paper considers two aspects of this process. Firstly, it compares the errors produced by a range of methods for extracting the camera parameters and the scene structure from an incomplete set of feature measurements. Secondly, it examines the effect of this error on the overall system performance by describing a framework in which the error in the final registration may be automatically estimated at any point in a video sequence. The quality of the estimated errors in some of the intermediate results is then checked numerically using an airborne video sequence of an airport control tower.
Design and Analysis of Unequal Error Protection Rateless Spinal Codes

In this paper, we propose and analyze an unequal error protection (UEP) rateless spinal code, which can provide UEP and unequal recovery time properties. The proposed UEP spinal codes achieve UEP by the permutation of different priority levels and the setup of different segment sizes for different priority levels. In addition, an unequal length transmission scheme to improve the transmission rate is proposed, where the number of transmitted symbols in each pass varies. Moreover, we analyze the finite-length performance of the proposed UEP spinal code, which enables us to provide the upper bound of average error probability for each priority level under maximum likelihood decoding. Based on this finite-length result, we discuss the design of UEP spinal code, which is flexible and efficient. Furthermore, the asymptotic performance analysis shows that the proposed UEP spinal code with a practical decoder can achieve the capacities of both binary symmetric channel and additive white Gaussian noise channel. Simulation results verify our analysis.
Trabecular bone remodelling under pathological conditions based on biochemical and mechanical processes involved in BMU activity

In adulthood, bone tissue is continuously renewed by processes governed by basic multicellular units composed of osteocytes, osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which are subjected to local mechanical loads. Osteocytes are known to be integrated mechanosensors that regulate the activation of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts involved in bone resorption and apposition processes, respectively. After collagen tissue apposition, a process of collagen mineralisation takes place, gradually increasing the effective stiffness of bone. This study presents a new model based on physicochemical parameters involved in spongy bone remodelling under pathological conditions. Our model simulates the transient evolution of both geometry and effective Young's modulus of the trabeculae, also taking turnover into account. Various loads were applied on a trabecula in order to determine the evolution of bone volume fraction under pathological conditions. A parametric study performed on the model showed that one key parameter here is the kinetic constant of hydroxyapatite crystallisation. We subsequently tested our model on a pathological case approaching osteoporosis, involving a decrease in the number of viable osteocytes present in bone. The model converges to a lower value ( − 5%) for bone volume fraction than with a normal quantity of osteocytes. This useful tool offers new perspectives for predicting bone remodelling deficits on a local scale in patients with pathological conditions such as osteoporosis and in bedridden patients, as well as for astronauts subjected to weightlessness in space.
Designing of a Personality Based Emotional Decision Model for Generating Various Emotional Behavior of Social Robots

All humans feel emotions, but individuals express their emotions differently because each has a different personality. We design an emotional decision model that focuses on the personality of individuals. The personality-based emotional decision model is designed with four linear dynamics, viz. reactive dynamic system, internal dynamic system, emotional dynamic system, and behavior dynamic system. Each dynamic system calculates the output values that reflect the personality, by being used as system matrices, input matrices, and output matrices. These responses are reflected in the final emotional behavior through a behavior dynamic system as with humans. The final emotional behavior includes multiple emotional values, and a social robot shows various emotional expressions. We performsome experiments using the cyber robot system, to verify the efficiency of the personalitybased emotional decision model that generates various emotions according to the personality.
Crosstalk between Iron Metabolism and Erythropoiesis

Iron metabolism and erythropoiesis are inextricably linked. The majority of iron extracted from circulation daily is used for hemoglobin synthesis. In the last 15 years, major advances have been made in understanding the pathways regulating iron metabolism. Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron absorption and recycling and is itself regulated by erythropoiesis. While several viable candidates have been proposed, elucidating the “erythroid regulator” of hepcidin continues to generate significant experimental activity in the field. Although the mechanism responsible for sensing iron demand for erythropoiesis is still incompletely understood, evaluating diseases in which disordered erythropoiesis and/or iron metabolism are showcased has resulted in a more robust appreciation of potential candidates coordinated erythroid iron demand with regulators of iron supply. We present data drawn from four different conditions—iron deficiency, congenital hypotransferrinemia, beta-thalassemia, and hereditary hemochromatosis—both in human and non-human models of disease, together suggesting that erythroid iron demand exerts a stronger influence on circulating iron supply than systemic iron stores. Greater understanding of the interplay between the key factors involved in the regulation of iron metabolism and erythropoiesis will help develop more effective therapies for disorders of iron overload, iron deficiency, and hemoglobin synthesis.
Silver Nanoparticles in Dental Biomaterials

Silver has been used in medicine for centuries because of its antimicrobial properties. More recently, silver nanoparticles have been synthesized and incorporated into several biomaterials, since their small size provides great antimicrobial effect, at low filler level. Hence, these nanoparticles have been applied in dentistry, in order to prevent or reduce biofilm formation over dental materials surfaces. This review aims to discuss the current progress in this field, highlighting aspects regarding silver nanoparticles incorporation, such as antimicrobial potential, mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and long-term effectiveness. We also emphasize the need for more studies to determine the optimal concentration of silver nanoparticle and its release over time.
Enabling New Technologies for Cyber Security Defense with the ICAS Cyber Security Ontology

Distribution Statement ”A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) Abstract—Incident response teams that are charged with breach discovery and containment face several challenges, the most important of which is access to pertinent data. Our TAPIO (Targeted Attack Premonition using Integrated Operational data) tool is designed to solve this problem by automatically extracting data from across the enterprise into a fully linked semantic graph and making it accessible in real time. Automated data translation reduces the costs to deploy and extend the system, while presenting data as a linked graph gives analysts a powerful tool for rapidly exploring the causes and effects of a particular event. At the heart of this tool is a cyber security ontology that is specially constructed to enable the TAPIO tool to automatically ingest data from a wide range of data sources, and which provides semantic relationships across the landscape of an enterprise network. In this paper we present this ontology, describe some of the decisions made during its development, and outline how it enables automated mapping technologies of the TAPIO system.
Image-based Face Detection and Recognition: "State of the Art"

Face recognition from image or video is a popular topic in biometrics research. Many public places usually have surveillance cameras for video capture and these cameras have their significant value for security purpose. It is widely acknowledged that the face recognition have played an important role in surveillance system as it doesn't need the object's cooperation. The actual advantages of face based identification over other biometrics are uniqueness and acceptance. As human face is a dynamic object having high degree of variability in its appearance, that makes face detection a difficult problem in computer vision. In this field, accuracy and speed of identification is a main issue. The goal of this paper is to evaluate various face detection and recognition methods, provide complete solution for image based face detection and recognition with higher accuracy, better response rate as an initial step for video surveillance. Solution is proposed based on performed tests on various face rich databases in terms of subjects, pose, emotions, race and light.
Association of clinical, radiological and synovial immunopathological responses to anti-rheumatic treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES To compare immunohistochemical scoring with clinical scoring and radiology for the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity, synovial tissue (ST) biopsied arthroscopically was assessed from 18 patients before and after commencement of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. METHODS Lymphocytes, macrophages, differentiated dendritic cells (DC), vascularity, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin-1beta levels were scored. Clinical status was scored using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) core set and serial radiographs were scored using the Larsen and Sharp methods. Histopathological evidence of activity included infiltration by lymphocytes, DC, macrophages, tissue vascularity, and expression of lining and sublining TNFalpha. These indices co-varied across the set of ST biopsies and were combined as a synovial activity score for each biopsy. RESULTS The change in synovial activity with treatment correlated with the ACR clinical response and with decreased radiological progression by the Larsen score. The ACR response to DMARD therapy, the change in synovial activity score and the slowing of radiological progression were each greatest in patients with high initial synovial vascularity. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate an association between clinical, radiological and synovial immunopathological responses to anti-rheumatic treatment in RA. High ST vascularity may predict favourable clinical and radiological responses to treatment.
Catastrophic health expenditure on acute coronary events in Asia: a prospective study

Abstract Objective To estimate out-of-pocket costs and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in people admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndromes in Asia. Methods Participants were enrolled between June 2011 and May 2012 into this observational study in China, India, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. Sites were required to enrol a minimum of 10 consecutive participants who had been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome. Catastrophic health expenditure was defined as out-of-pocket costs of initial hospitalization > 30% of annual baseline household income, and it was assessed six weeks after discharge. We assessed associations between health expenditure and age, sex, diagnosis of the index coronary event and health insurance status of the participant, using logistic regression models. Findings Of 12 922 participants, 9370 (73%) had complete data on expenditure. The mean out-of-pocket cost was 3237 United States dollars. Catastrophic health expenditure was reported by 66% (1984/3007) of those without insurance versus 52% (3296/6366) of those with health insurance (P < 0.05). The occurrence of catastrophic expenditure ranged from 80% (1055/1327) in uninsured and 56% (3212/5692) of insured participants in China, to 0% (0/41) in Malaysia. Conclusion Large variation exists across Asia in catastrophic health expenditure resulting from hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes. While insurance offers some protection, substantial numbers of people with health insurance still incur financial catastrophe.
Therapeutic potential of targeting group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Current drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), for example, L‐DOPA and dopamine agonists, are very effective at reversing the motor symptoms of the disease. However, they do little to combat the underlying degeneration of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and their long‐term use is associated with the appearance of adverse effects such as L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. Much emphasis has therefore been placed on finding alternative non‐dopaminergic drugs that may circumvent some or all of these problems. Group III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors were first identified in the basal ganglia a decade ago. One or more of these receptors (mGlu4, mGlu7 or mGlu8) is found on pre‐synaptic terminals of basal ganglia pathways whose overactivity is implicated not only in the generation of motor symptoms in PD, but also in driving the progressive SNc degeneration. The finding that drugs which activate group III mGlu receptors can inhibit transmission across these overactive synapses has lead to the proposal that group III mGlu receptors are promising targets for drug discovery in PD. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the role and target potential of group III mGlu receptors in the basal ganglia. Overwhelming evidence obtained from in vitro studies and animal models of PD supports group III mGlu receptors as potentially important drug targets for providing both symptom relief and neuroprotection in PD.
Improved Discrimination of Patients with Breast Cancer from Healthy Controls Using Paper-Based microRNA Expression Profiling of Plasma, Following Precipitation.

To the Editor: Breast cancer is a frequently diagnosed solid tumor in women worldwide (1). MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that regulate protein expression, are potential biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to treatment in breast cancer (2). We recently reported a paper-based method to extract miRNAs from plasma and circulating tumor cells (3). Here, we applied this method to plasma of patients with breast cancer and age- and gender-matched healthy controls, after treating the plasma with a commercial exosome isolation kit employing a nonspecific precipitation step; we compared the miRNA expression profiles from the plasma with and without the use of the precipitation method. After informed consent and institutional approval, we obtained peripheral blood samples from 9 patients with breast cancer and 9 healthy controls. Plasma was isolated by centrifugation at 3000 g for 10 min and stored at −80 °C. All plasma samples were visually inspected to exclude any discernible hemolysis. Then, 60 μL of Total Exosome Isolation reagent …
Ligand-mediated Activation of the cAMP-responsive Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Epac*

Epac is a cAMP-dependent exchange factor for the small GTP-binding protein Rap. The activity of Epac is inhibited by a direct interaction between the C-terminal helical part of the cAMP-binding domain, called the lid, and the catalytic region, which is released after binding of cAMP. Herein, we show that the activation properties are very sensitive to modifications of the cyclic nucleotide. Some analogues are inhibitory and others are stimulatory; some are characterized by a much higher activation potential than normal cAMP. Mutational analysis of Epac allows insights into a network of interactions between the cyclic nucleotides and Epac. Mutations in the lid region are able to amplify or to attenuate selectively the activation potency of cAMP analogues. The properties of cAMP analogues previously used for the activation of the cAMP responsive protein kinase A and of 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2′-O-methyladenosine-3′,5′-cyclicmonophosphate, an analogue highly selective for activation of Epac were investigated in detail.