Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Study Intra-arterial MR Perfusion Imaging: A and the Effects of Embolization with Assessment of Vasculature of Meningiomas

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Embolization of meningiomas has emerged as a preoperative adjuvant therapy that has proved effective in mitigating blood loss during surgical resection. Arterial supply to these tumors is typically identified by diffuse areas of parenchymal staining after selective x-ray angiograms. We investigate the benefits that selective injection of MR contrast may have in identifying vascular territories and determining the effects of embolization therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Selective intra-arterial (IA) injection of dilute MR contrast media was used to assess the vascular distribution territories of meningeal tumors before and after embolization therapy. Regions of the tumor that experienced loss of signal intensity after localized contrast injections into the external and common carotid as well as vertebral arteries were used to quantify the specific vessel’s volume of distribution. Assessments were made before and after embolization to reveal changes in the vascular supply of the tumor. MR findings were compared with radiographic evaluation of tumor vascular supply on the basis of conventional x-ray angiography. RESULTS: MR proved to be an excellent means to assess tissue fed by selected arteries and clearly demonstrated the treated and untreated portions of the neoplasm after therapy. In some instances, MR revealed postembolization residual enhancement of the tumor that was difficult to appreciate on x-ray angiograms. Very low contrast dose was necessary, which made repeated assessment during therapy practical. CONCLUSION: MR perfusion imaging with selective IA injection of dilute contrast can reveal the distribution territory of vessels. Changes in tumor vasculature could be detected after embolization, which reveal the volumetric fraction of the tumor affected by the therapy.
Collateral benefits of targeted supplementary feeding on demography and growth rate 1 of a threatened population . 2 3

20 1. Effective evidence-based conservation requires full quantification of the impacts of 21 targeted management interventions on focal populations. Such impacts may extend 22 beyond target individuals to also affect demographic rates of non-target conspecifics 23 (e.g. different age classes). However, such collateral (i.e. unplanned) impacts are 24 rarely evaluated, despite their potential to substantially alter conservation outcomes. 25 Subsequent management decisions may then be poorly informed or erroneous. 26 2. We used 15 years of individual-based demographic data in a “before-after control27 impact” (BACI) analysis to quantify collateral demographic impacts of a targeted 28 multi-year supplementary feeding programme designed to increase sub-adult survival 29 and hence viability of a small, threatened red-billed chough (Pyrrhocorax 30 pyrrhocorax) population. Specifically, we assessed whether the intervention also 31 affected adult survival and reproductive success, and whether such collateral effects 32 were themselves sufficient to stabilise population size and hence achieve short-term 33 conservation aims. 34 3. The probabilities of adult survival and successful reproduction increased substantially 35 between the “before-feeding” and “during-feeding” periods in those choughs 36 associated with supplementary feeding, but not otherwise. Overall breeding success 37 (i.e. number of chicks fledged per occupied territory) also tended to increase, even 38 though brood sizes did not increase. These relationships, which were detectible only 39 through BACI analyses, suggest that supplementary feeding targeted at sub-adults had 40 unplanned positive impacts on adult demographic rates. 41 4. Deterministic matrix models designed to project population growth demonstrate that 42 these estimated collateral effects were sufficient to make a substantial contribution to 43 increasing population growth rate and achieving short-term population stability. 44 5. Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate substantial positive collateral impacts 45 of a targeted supplementary feeding intervention on population viability, despite no a 46 priori expectation that the non-target adults were food-limited. This case-study 47 illustrates how thorough assessment of collateral impacts of targeted interventions can 48 affect assessment of short-term efficacy and reveal new opportunities for future 49 interventions, thereby informing subsequent management decisions. 50
Structure of monolayer 2 H -TaS 2 on Au(111)

We determined the structure of epitaxial 2 H -TaS 2 on Au(111) using the method of x-ray standing waves (XSW), supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The lattice mismatch between substrate and overlayer gives rise to a moiré superstructure, which modulates the structural and electronic properties. For a speciﬁc registry (S atoms directly above Au substrate atoms), local covalentlike bonds form, whereas globally weak van der Waals bonding prevails. Still, the TaS 2 layer remains rather ﬂat. Signiﬁcant charge transfer from Au(111) into the conduction band of the two-dimensional material is found. DOI
STUDIES OF MINERAI SULPHO-SALTS: XX BERRYITE,' A NEW SPECIES

The new species occurs sparsely on the type specimen of cuprobismutite (U.S.N.M. 92902, Missouri mine, Park County, Colorado) as lath-like crystals measuring less than 1 mm. in length. The structural cell is monoclinic P2y/m, with a:12.72,b:4.02 (axisof elongation), c:58.07 A, B:102+" A pronounced pseudo-cell has a, : a/3 : 4.24, bt : b : 4.02, c' : c/2 : 29.04 A, g : L02*" A second occurrence at the Nordmark mines, Sweden has provided more, although less pure, material for r-ray spectroscopy and density determinations, Based on the available data, the most likely cell contents are
A mixed finite‐element, finite‐volume, semi‐implicit discretization for atmospheric dynamics: Cartesian geometry

To meet the challenges posed by future generations of massively parallel supercomputers, a reformulation of the dynamical core for the Met Office's weather and climate model is presented. This new dynamical core uses explicit finite‐volume type discretizations for the transport of scalar fields coupled with an iterated‐implicit, mixed finite‐element discretization for all other terms. The target model aims to maintain the accuracy, stability and mimetic properties of the existing Met Office model independent of the chosen mesh while improving the conservation properties of the model. This paper details that proposed formulation and, as a first step towards complete testing, demonstrates its performance for a number of test cases in (the context of) a Cartesian domain. The new model is shown to produce similar results to both the existing semi‐implicit semi‐Lagrangian model used at the Met Office and other models in the literature on a range of bubble tests and orographically forced flows in two and three dimensions.
A functional genomics strategy that uses metabolome data to reveal the phenotype of silent mutations

45 Functional genomics 1,2 seeks to reverse the usual path of genetic analysis and move from DNA sequence to biological function 3 , thus revealing the roles of genes discovered by determining the complete genome sequence of an organism. The systematic analysis of gene function is a much more complex and open-ended enterprise than was the systematic genome sequencing that preceded it. Thus, comprehensive methods of analysis are employed at several levels: those of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome 4. This paper reports a conceptual and experimental framework for the elu-cidation of gene function by analysis of the metabolome. Metabolomics shares two important advantages with proteomics in terms of the elucidation of gene function. Both are context-dependent, that is, the total complement of proteins or metabolites changes according to the physiological, developmental, or pathological state of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism. Moreover, unlike messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules (the subject of transcriptome analysis), proteins and metabolites are functional entities within the cell. A third advantage of metabolomics, which it shares with neither proteomics nor transcriptomics, is also its greatest difficulty. For many organisms, there are far fewer metabolites than genes or gene products. Thus, for the single-celled eukaryote, S. cerevisiae, there are fewer than 600 low-molecular-weight intermediates 5 , whereas there are ∼6,000 protein-encoding genes 6. However, this apparent simplicity means that there is no direct relationship between metabolite and gene in the way that there is for mRNAs and proteins. To overcome this difficulty, we have proposed that the genes of known function should be exploited in the elucidation of the role of unstudied genes in an approach that we call FANCY, for functional analysis by co-responses in yeast 7. In this paper, we exemplify the FANCY approach by studies on S. cerevisiae, and demonstrate that it may be used to reveal the role of genes that produce no overt phenotype when deleted from the yeast genome. The approach is based on the idea that the growth rate of a deletant may not be much changed, precisely because the concentrations of intracellular metabolites have altered so as to compensate for the effect of the mutation. By implication, mutants that are silent when scored on the basis of metabolic fluxes (such as growth rate 8–10) should produce a very obvious effect on metabolite concentrations 7. Accordingly, metabolome analysis should reveal a phenotype in many previously silent mutants. The deletion …
Estimating hyperparameters and instrument parameters in regularized inversion Illustration for Herschel / SPIRE map making

We describe regularized methods for image reconstruction and focus on the question of hyperparameter and instrument parameter estimation, i.e. unsupervised and myopic problems. We developed a Bayesian framework that is based on the posterior density for all unknown quantities, given the observations. This density is explored by a Markov chain Monte-Carlo sampling technique based on a Gibbs loop and including a Metropolis-Hastings step. The numerical evaluation relies on the SPIRE instrument of the Herschel observatory. Using simulated and real observations, we show that the hyperparameters and instrument parameters are correctly estimated, which opens up many perspectives for imaging in astrophysics.
Plasma levels of TGF-b 1 in homeostasis of the inﬂammation in sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) represents a chronic inﬂammatory condition with complications triggered by the polymerization of hemoglobin S (Hb S), resulting in a series of cellular interactions mediated by inﬂam-matory cytokines, as the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b ), which plays an important role in inﬂammation resolution. This study assessed the relation between SCD inﬂammation and the plasma concentration of TGF-b 1, and also checked the inﬂuence of the presence of (cid:1) 509C/T polymorphism in TGFB1 gene on TGF-b 1 plasma values. The plasma levels of TGF-b 1 were quantiﬁed by ELISA in 115 patients with SCD (genotypes SS, SD-Los Angeles, S b -thalassemia and SC) and in 58 individuals with no hemoglobinopathies (Hb AA), as the control group. The (cid:1) 509C/T polymorphism in TGFB1 gene was screened by PCR-RFLP. The correlation between TGF-b 1 plasma levels and the inﬂammation was based on its association with the count of platelets, total white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils in the peripheral blood. Patients with SCD showed plasma levels of TGF-b 1 higher than the control group, especially the Hb SS genotype, followed by the group with Hb SD. Polymorphism investigation showed no interference in the values obtained for the cytokine in the groups evaluated. All SCD groups showed TGF-b 1 levels positively correlated to the platelets and WBC counts. The original data obtained in this study for SCD support the involvement of TGF-b 1 in regulating of the inﬂammatory response and suggest that this marker possibly may become a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of the disease.
Two-stage false discovery rate in microarray studies

Abstract In microarray and other genomic studies, in view of an abundance of genes, one statistical approach is to hold the family wise error rate to a prescribed limit while controlling the false discovery rate by suitable multiple hypothesis testing procedures, thus generally compromising the power properties to a certain extent. Since the genes are not generally independent or even marginally identically distributed, model flexibility is an essential task regardless of dependent structures among genes. In this respect, incorporating a version of the Chen-Stein theorem, two-stage procedure has been considered; it seems to have better average power without much elevation of false discovery rate compared to single-stage procedure. Simulation studies and applications in microarray data models are also stressed with the methodological developments.
Schizophrenia polygenic risk score and cannabis use modify psychosis expression in first episode psychosis patients and population controls

Diagnostic categories within the psychosis spectrum are widely used in clinical practice, however psychosis may occur on a continuum. Therefore, we explored whether the continuous distribution of psychotic symptoms across categories is a function of genetic as well as environmental risk factors, such as polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and cannabis use.As part of the EU-GEI study, we genotyped first episode psychosis patients (FEP) and population controls, for whom transdiagnostic dimensions of psychotic symptoms or experiences were generated using item response bi-factor modelling. Linear regression was used, separately in patients and controls, to test the associations between these dimensions and schizophrenia (SZ) PRSs, as well as the combined effect of SZ-PRS and cannabis use on the positive symptom/experience dimensions.SZ-PRS was associated with negative (B=0.18; 95%CI 0.03 to 0.34) and positive (B=0.19; 95%CI 0.03 to 0.36) symptom dimensions in 617 FEP, and with all the psychotic experience dimensions in 979 controls. The putative effect of SZ-PRS on either symptom or experience dimensions was of a small magnitude. Cannabis use was additionally associated with the positive dimensions both in FEP (B=0.31; 95%CI 0.11 to 0.52) and in controls (B=0.26; 95%CI 0.06 to 0.46), independently from SZ-PRS.We report two validators to the latent dimensional structure of psychosis. SZ risk variants and cannabis use independently map onto specific dimensions, contributing to variation across the psychosis continuum. Findings support the hypothesis that psychotic experiences have similar biological substrates as clinical disorders.
AN ENERGY-BASED THERMODYNAMIC STABILIZATION FRAMEWORK FOR HYBRID CONTROL DESIGN OF LARGE-SCALE AEROSPACE SYSTEMS

As part of this research program we proposed the development of an energy-based thermodynamic stabilization framework for hybrid control design of large-scale aerospace systems. In particular, we concentrate on hybrid control, hierarchical control, impulsive dynamical systems, nonnegative dynamical systems, compartmental systems, large-scale systems, nonlinear switching control, cooperative control, and adaptive control. Application areas include large flexible interconnected space structures, spacecraft stabilization, cooperative control of unmanned air vehicles, network systems, swarms of air and space vehicle formations, and pharmacological systems.
Edinburgh Research Explorer “It Looks Like You’re Writing a Parallel Loop”

Despite decades of research into parallelizing compiler technology, software parallelization remains a largely manual task where the key resource is expert time. In this paper we focus on the time-consuming task of identifying those loops in a program, which are both worthwhile and feasible to parallelize. We present a methodology and tool which make better use of expert time by guiding their effort directly towards those loops, where the largest performance gains can be expected while keeping analysis and transformation effort at a minimum. We have developed a novel parallelization assistant that provides programmers with a ranking of all loops in a program based on their overall merit. For each loop this metric combines its potential contribution to speedup and an estimated probability for its successful parallelization. This probability is predicted using a machine learning model, which has been trained, validated, and tested on 1415 labelled loops, achieving a prediction accuracy greater than 90%. We have evaluated our parallelization assistant against sequential C applications from the SNU NAS benchmark suite. We show that our novel methodology achieves parallel performance levels comparable to those from expert programmers while requiring less expert time. On average, our assistant reduces the number of lines of code that have to
Am J Otolaryngol

Background and objectives: Imaging exams play a key role in cochlear implants with regard to both planning implantation before surgery and quality control after surgery. The ability to visualize the three-dimensional location of implanted electrodes is useful in clinical routines for assessing patient outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate linear and angular insertion depth measurements of cochlear implants based on conventional computed tomography. Methods: Tools for linear and angular measurements of cochlear implants were used in computed tomography exams. The tools realized the insertion measurements in an image reconstruction of the CIs, based on image processing techniques. We comprehensively characterized two cochlear implant models while obviating possible changes that can be caused by di ﬀ erent cochlea sizes by using the same human temporal bones to evaluate the implant models. Results: The tools used herein were able to di ﬀ erentiate the insertion measurements between two cochlear implant models widely used in clinical practice. We observed signi ﬁ cant di ﬀ erences between both insertion measurements because of their di ﬀ erent design and construction characteristics ( p =0.004 and 0.003 for linear and angular measurements, respectively; t -test). The presented methodology showed to be a good tool to calculate insertion depth measurements, since it is easy to perform, produces high-resolution images, and is able to depict all the landmarks, thus enabling measurement of the angular and linear insertion depth of the most apical electrode contacts. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates practical and useful tools for evaluating cochlear implant electrodes in clinical practice. Further studies should measure preoperative and postoperative bene ﬁ ts in terms of speech recognition and evaluate the preservation of residual hearing in the implanted ear. Such studies can also determine correlations between surgical factors, electrode positions, and performance. In addition to re ﬁ ned surgical techniques, the precise evaluation of cochlear length and correct choice of cochlear implant characteristics can play an important role in postoperative outcomes.
Learnable Models for Information Diffusion and its Associated User Behavior in Micro-blogosphere

Abstract : There are two major contributions: 1) a new efficient and effective method to detect a burst in information diffusion from the observed data, and 2) a new opinion formation model that takes people's past opinion into account. Both problems are formulated as a maximum likelihood problem in which the likelihood of observing the data from the model is maximized. For 1) the algorithm was tested against the real Twitter data of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, and for 2) the algorithm was tested against the real opinion diffusion data from a Japanese word-of-mouth communication site for cosmetics. Both confirmed that the algorithms are efficient and work as expected.
An Integral Face Formulation for Thin Non-Conductive Magnetic Regions

This paper deals with the use of the volume integral method to compute the magnetic anomaly created by a non-conductive ferromagnetic thin shell placed in a static inductor field. An original facet integral formulation considering the magnetic induction as unknowns is presented. The use of thin shell element assumption leads to a surface mesh decreasing highly the number of elements so the computation cost. The method is very performing in terms of speed and accuracy.
Trea%ng Depression: what pa%ents want, findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial in primary care List of Authors:

Objec2ve: To highlight clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with pa9ents' preference in the treatment of depression, we conducted a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) comparing the efficacy of Selec9ve Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Interpersonal Counseling (IPC) in pa9ents with a major depressive episode. Methods: Pa9ents, recruited from a psychiatric consulta9on service in the primary care se:ng, were asked to express their preference for the type of treatment before randomiza9on to one of the two interven9on arms. Severity of depressive symptoms and func9onal impairment were assessed using the 21-item Hamilton Ra9ng Scale for Depression (HDRS) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), respec9vely. Results: 170 pa9ents were evaluated, 87 (51.2%) pa9ents expressed their preference for IPC and 83 (48.8%) for SSRIs. Depression severity and treatment preference showed significant correla9ons. Preference for IPC was related to mild depression and greater func9onal impairment, while pa9ents with moderate or severe depression were more likely to prefer medica9on. Remission rates and func9onal level were not related to treatment preference at the end of the study. Conclusion: Treatment preference is a cri9cal factor, influenced by clinical and socio-demographic characteris9cs and further studies are needed to improve its clinical relevance.
Simulation of particle suspensions at the Institute for Computational Physics

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
The Influence of Open-skilled Sports on Individual’s Interference Inhibition Abilities

: Sports activities can be divided into open-skilled and close-skilled according to their contexts and predictabilities. Compared with closed-skilled sports, open-skilled sports are more complex and involve more cognitive demands and challenges, and individuals can have more opportunities to practice interference inhibition for such sports' attributes. Long-term interference inhibition training can optimize attention resource allocation, promote the efficient organization of neural networks, improve the neural processing efficiency of individuals in cognitive tasks, and strengthen top-down cognitive control, resulting in improved interference inhibition. Future studies can further explore the impact of open-ended skill sports on individual’s abilities to interference inhibition from the aspects of individual differences, dose effects, and special group interventions.
ARTHROSCOPIC LIMITED INTERCARPAL FUSION WITH BONE GRAFT INPATIENTS WITH KIENBOCKS DISEASE.

Abdelkader S.M, Attia Abd, Eid Abd and Hamada I. Orthopedic Surgery Department,Zagazig University Hospitals,Egypt. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 20 November 2018 Final Accepted: 22 December 2018 Published: January 2019