Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complex quality control for observation errors of rawinsonde temperatures and heights

The Complex Quality Control of Heights and Temperature (CQCHT) program deals with two classes of rough errors--those that are hydrostatically detectable and those that are not. Those rough errors associated with small hydrostatic residuals are errors in temperature that entered the processing before the calculation of heights. These errors are referred to as observation errors. They may be due to instrument error, any other error preceding the computation of heights, or errors of representativeness. It is often impossible to distinguish between these sources of observation values. This note describes the part of CQCHT used in their diagnosis: the checks and Decision Making Algorithm (DMA). Examples are given illustrating many of the situations in which temperature and height observation errors occur. A comparison is made between the earlier, more modest quality control (qc) and the present version. It is suggested that the effectiveness of the present qc allows the abandonment of the (traditional) rejectlist at NCEP.
Mutual Effects of Temperature and Microorganisms on the Chemical Characteristics of Coal Mine Drainage

Abstract Coal mining activities produce coal mine drainage which becomes a potential pollutant of regional groundwater. The temperature and microbial community in aquifers and rock formations change with coal mining depth increases. While the influence mechanisms of temperature and microorganisms on the hydrochemical characteristics of mine water are poorly understood. This study investigated a typical minefield in north China and performed the water–rock (coal) incubation experiments to explore the effect of temperature and microorganisms on the chemical characteristics of mine water. Hydrochemistry type of coal mine water in the goafs and main water-filled aquifers of Xinjulong coal mine was the SO4–Na type. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the main bacterial phyla in the coal mine water. The increasing closure time of goafs decreased SO4 2− concentration and increased the microbial diversity in mine water. The 28-day incubation experiments found Na+ and SO4 2− slightly increased by 5.13 and 6.67%, respectively, and HCO3 − decreased by 14.33% when the temperature rose by 10 °C. The Shannon index of the bacterial community in water–coal system increased by 6.7% and the relative abundance of Hydrogenophaga decreased by 22.7%, while that of Thiobacillus increased by 31.56%. The microbial activities decreased Na+ and SO4 2− by 2.31 and 4.95%, respectively, but increased HCO3 − by 7.59%. The functional prediction showed the microorganisms undergone sulfur conversion reactions and affected the dissolution of ions in mine water. The results were crucial for understanding the mutual effects of temperature and microorganisms on the hydrochemical characteristics of coal mine water. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
On the q-parametric Stancu type Dunkl generalization of the Kantorovich-Szasz-Mirakjan operators

In this paper we construct the Stancu type q-Kantrovich-Szasz-Mirakjan operators generated by Dunkl generalization of the exponential function. We obtain some approximation results using the Korovkin approximation theorem for these operators. We also study convergence properties by using the modulus of continuity and the rate of convergence for functions belonging to the Lipschitz class. Furthermore, we obtain the rate of convergence in terms of the classical, the second order, and the weighted modulus of continuity.
Lightweight UAV's Wireless Power Transfer System for Constant Current Charging Without Secondary Feedback Control

This paper proposes a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with quasi-uniform magnetic coupling to satisfy the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) lightweight constant current (CC) charging without secondary feedback control. The traditional wired charging for UAVs is less automated and not portable. WPT as a new way of energy supply has shown great potential for charging UAVs with safety and automation. However, some actual challenges still exist due to the UAV's special structure and lightweight requirements. Accordingly, a coupler with a lightweight receiving coil and double transmitting coils to satisfy the CC wireless charge of the UAV without communication and control is proposed in this article. The power transfer and CC charging theory analysis are carried out, and the structure of the coupler is designed. A simulation model and a prototype are built, as well as the simulation and experimental results are given to verify the performance of the proposed UAV CC charging system. In the experiment, 23.8 Wh of power is charged to the UAV's lithium battery pack with CC in two hours. this article provides a reference to the design of the UAV wireless charging stations.
The effects of FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between colorectal cancer and dietary intake

Background FTO gene is associated with obesity, dietary intake, and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, patients with colorectal cancer were assessed for the interactions between FTO gene polymorphisms and dietary intake. Methods This case–control study was carried out on 450 participants aged 35–70 years including 150 patients with colorectal cancer and 300 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected in order to extract DNA and genotyping of FTO gene for rs9939609 polymorphism. A validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the Nutritionist-IV software were used to assess dietary intake. Results In the participants with the TT genotype of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism, CRC risk was significantly associated with higher intake of dietary fat (OR:1.87 CI95%:1.76–1.99, p = 0.04), vitamin B3 (OR:1.20 CI95%:1.08–1.65, p = 0.04), and vitamin C (OR:1.06 CI95%:1.03–1.15, p = 0.04) and lower intake of β-carotene (OR:0.98 CI95%:0.97–0.99, p = 0.03), vitamin E (OR:0.77 CI95%:0.62–0.95, p = 0.02), vitamin B1 (OR:0.15 CI95%:0.04–0.50, p < 0.01), and biotin (OR:0.72 CI95%:0.0.57–0.92, p = 0.01). No significant association was found between CRC and dietary intake in carriers of AA/AT genotypes after adjustments for the confounders. Conclusion CRC risk may be decreased by β-carotene, vitamins E, B1, and biotin only in those without the risk allele of the FTO gene. The association of CRC and diet may be influenced by FTO genotype. Further studies are warranted.
(ML)2P-Encoder: On Exploration of Channel-Class Correlation for Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learning

Recent studies usually approach multi-label zeroshot learning (MLZSL) with visual-semantic mapping on spatial-class correlation, which can be computationally costly, and worse still, fails to capture fine-grained classspecific semantics. We observe that different channels may usually have different sensitivities on classes, which can correspond to specific semantics. Such an intrinsic channelclass correlation suggests a potential alternative for the more accurate and class-harmonious feature representations. In this paper, our interest is to fully explore the power of channel-class correlation as the unique base for MLZSL. Specifically, we propose a light yet efficient Multi-Label Multi-Layer Perceptron-based Encoder, dubbed (ML)2P-Encoder, to extract and preserve channel-wise semantics. We reorganize the generated feature maps into several groups, of which each of them can be trained independently with (ML)2P-Encoder. On top of that, a global groupwise attention module is further designed to build the multilabel specific class relationships among different classes, which eventually fulfills a novel Channel-Class Correlation MLZSL framework (C3-MLZSL)11Released code:github.com/simonzmliu/cvpr23_mlzsl. Extensive experiments on large-scale MLZSL benchmarks including NUS-WIDE and Open-Images-V4 demonstrate the superiority of our model against other representative state-of-the-art models.
A combined Averaging-Shooting Approach for the Trim Analysis of Hovering Insects/Flapping-Wing Micro-Air-Vehicles

Because of the wing oscillatory motion with respect to the body, the flight dynamics of biological flyers as well as their man-made mimetic vehicles, flapping-wing microair-vehicles (FWMAVs), are typically represented by multi-body, nonlinear time-periodic (NLTP) system models whose balance and stability analyses are quite challenging. In this work, we consider a NLTP system model for a two-degree-of-freedom FWMAV that is confined to move along vertical rails. We combine tools from chronological calculus, geometric control, and averaging to provide a mathematically rigorous analysis for the balance of FWMAVs at hover; that is, relaxing the single-body and direct averaging assumptions that are commonly adopted in analyzing balance and stability of FWMAVs and insects. We also use optimized shooting to numerically capture the resulting periodic orbit and verify the obtained results. Finally, we provide a combined averaging-shooting approach for the balance and stability analysis of NLTP systems that (i) unlike typical shooting methods, does not require an initial guess; (ii) provides more accurate results than the analytical averaging approaches, hence relaxing the need for intractable high-order averaged dynamics; and (iii) allows a deeper scrutiny of the system dynamics, in contrast to numerical shooting methods.
Observations of cyanogen bromide (BrCN) in the global troposphere and their relation to polar surface O3 destruction

Abstract. Bromine activation (the production of Br in an elevated oxidation state) promotes ozone destruction and mercury removal in the global troposphere and commonly occurs in both springtime polar boundary layers, often accompanied by nearly complete ozone destruction. The chemistry and budget of active bromine compounds (e.g., Br2, BrCl, BrO, HOBr) reflect the cycling of Br and affect its environmental impact. Cyanogen bromide (BrCN) has recently been measured by iodide ion high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (I− CIMS), and trifluoro methoxide ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CF3O− CIMS) during the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission second, third, and fourth deployments (NASA ATom), and could be a previously unquantified participant in active Br chemistry. BrCN mixing ratios ranged from below the detection limit (1.5 pptv) up to as high as 36 pptv (10 s average) and enhancements were almost exclusively confined to the polar boundary layers in the Arctic winter and in both polar regions during spring and fall. The coincidence of BrCN with active Br chemistry (often observable BrO, BrCl and O3 loss) and high CHBr3/CH2Br2 ratios imply that much of the observed BrCN is from atmospheric Br chemistry rather than a biogenic source. Likely BrCN formation pathways involve the heterogeneous reactions of active Br (Br2, HOBr) with reduced nitrogen compounds, for example hydrogen cyanide (HCN/CN−), on snow, ice, or particle surfaces. Competitive reaction calculations of HOBr reactions with Cl−/Br− and HCN/CN− in solution, as well as box model calculations with bromine chemistry, confirm the viability of this formation channel and show a distinct pH dependence, with BrCN formation favored at higher pH values. Gas-phase loss processes of BrCN due to reaction with radical species are likely quite slow and photolysis is known to be relatively slow (BrCN lifetime of ∼ 4 months in midlatitude summer). These features, and the lack of BrCN enhancements above the polar boundary layer, imply that surface reactions must be the major loss processes. The fate of BrCN determines whether BrCN production fuels or terminates bromine activation. BrCN reactions with other halogens (Br−, HOCl, HOBr) may perpetuate the active Br cycle; however, preliminary laboratory experiments showed that BrCN did not react with aqueous bromide ion (< 0.1 %) to reform Br2. Liquid-phase reactions of BrCN are more likely to convert Br to bromide (Br−) or form a C–Br bonded organic species, as these are the known condensed-phase reactions of BrCN and would therefore constitute a loss of atmospheric active Br. Thus, further study of the chemistry of BrCN will be important for diagnosing polar Br cycling.
the van der pol equation: qualitative and numerical study ecuaci ´ on de van der pol: estudio cualitativo y num´erico

This expositive paper aims at the study of nonlinear equations, focused on the van der Pol equation, including deduction, qualitative analysis, and numerical examples. The van der Pol equation is deduced using an electrical circuit as a physical model. The qualitative analysis is divided into two parts: the theoretical enunciation and its application. The main theorems used in this study are Poincar´e-Bendixson’s and Lyapunov’s. The construction of a Lyapunov function is also performed. Finally, a series of numerical examples are graphically presented using computational tools such as Python and Octave. The phase portraits and temporal behavior of the van der Pol equation are exhibited, along with the basin of attraction obtained experimentally, compared with the basin of attraction yielded by the Lyapunov function. Therefore, the numerical study provides a visual representation of the results stated in the qualitative analysis.
University of São Paulo “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture Are social native bees affected by fungal-based biopesticides?

Are native social bees affected by fungal-based biopesticides? With the increasing demand for quality food and the need for a more sustainable agriculture, alternative tactics to chemical control for pest management are constantly advancing, such as using mycoinsecticides. These biopesticides are aligned with productive agriculture that keeps agroecosystem resources and biodiversity safe. However, they are still aimed at controlling insect pests, in the same environment where other non-target insects live. Pollinators, especially the social bees, are essential in agroecosystems, as they promote the maintenance of the surrounding biodiversity as well as increase the productivity and quality of crops due to pollination. Toxicological studies with entomopathogenic fungi and social bees have risen in recent years; however, the vast majority still focus on one species, at the individual level, under laboratory conditions and evaluating mortality rates. In this context, we investigated the possible effects of entomopathogenic fungi on social bees, at the individual and colonial levels, with experiments in the laboratory, semi-field, and natural field conditions. For this, in Chapter 2, we evaluated the lethal effect of topical and oral exposure, with different concentrations, of the fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cordyceps fumosorosea in two stingless bees from tropical regions, Scaptotrigona depilis and Tetragonisca angustula and two temperate bee species Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris. In Chapter 3, we evaluated the possible sub-lethal effects of the application of the fungi B. bassiana and C. fumosorosea, both at the individual and colonial level of S. depilis, as well as the efficiency of the hygienic behavior of the bees in their cleaning capacity. Finally, in Chapter 4, we evaluated the effect of applying the recommended field concentration of the fungus B. bassiana in coffee crops on S. depilis colonies. In general, the fungi were lethal to the bees, with varying virulence in relation to the fungus species, bee species, and infection route. Non-lethal effects were also observed; the fungi affected the individual behavior of the S. depilis workers, as well as the growth of brood cells, pollen collection, and garbage removal in the colony. However, when colonies of the S. depilis species were exposed to the fungus under field conditions, in the short term, the colonies did not suffer any effect on any of the evaluated parameters, such as brood cell growth, pollen collection, litter removal, and foraging activity. These results indicates that: (i) toxicological tests of mycoinsecticides should be performed with social insects both in the laboratory and in the field, as the effects at individual and colony level may differ; (ii) toxicological tests should consider other species of social bees, because results might also difer, meanwhile many the other species are important from an ecological and agricultural point of view.
Emotional Intelligence in Computer Mediated Group Communications

This exploratory study investigated the role of emotional intelligence in shaping the email communication of a five member virtual team involved in the development and support of a proprietary information system. Over 1,200 email messages from a two-month period were coded for communicative goals and communicative form. EI abilities were related to the chosen form of email communication dependent upon the intent of the communicator. Results of this initial study justify further investigation into how EI abilities can be leveraged to improve virtual team dynamics and outcomes.
Estuarine ﬂocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils

Flocculation of riverine dissolved organic matter to the particulate form in estuaries is an important mechanism for capturing dissolved metals to newly formed organic particles, regulating the metal transport from land to sea. The process is particularly relevant for rivers draining boreal acid sulfate soils of western Finland, which are known to deliver large amounts of trace metals with detrimental environmental consequences for the recipient estuaries in the eastern Gulf of Bothnia in the northern Baltic Sea. This is the ﬁrst study to investigate dissolved metal (Al, Fe, Mn, Co, and Cu) association with ﬂocculating organic particles in the laboratory, by mixing of acidic metal-rich water from acid-sulfate-soil-impacted rivers and particle-free artiﬁcial seawater. Water samples were collected in April 2021 from the Laihian-joki and Sulvanjoki rivers in western Finland. Experiments with an in situ laser-diffraction-based particle size distribution sensor
Making Models with Bayes

Bayesian statistics is an important approach to modern statistical analyses. It allows us to use our prior knowledge of the unknown parameters to construct a model for our data set. The foundation of Bayesian analysis is Bayes’ Rule, which in its proportional form indicates that the posterior is proportional to the prior times the likelihood. We will demonstrate how we can apply Bayesian statistical techniques to fit a linear regression model and a hierarchical linear regression model to a data set. We will show how to apply different distributions to Bayesian analyses and how the use of a prior affects the model. We will also make a comparison between the Bayesian approach and the traditional frequentist approach to data analyses.
Rural Credit and Gross Value of Agricultural Production: an analysis of Brazilian States

Rural credit has been one of the main mechanisms of agricultural policy over the years, with significant contributions to the development and expansion of Brazilian agricultural production. Thus, this study analyzes the impact of total rural credit in the forms of financing, investment, and commercialization on the gross value of agricultural production in Brazilian states from 2005 to 2020. Methodologically, the panel data model and Granger causality test proposed by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) were used. The results obtained through the panel data model indicated that only rural credit for investment and the harvested area had a positive and significant impact on the gross value of agricultural production. The Granger causality tests identified different causal relationships for the distinct credit modalities and different lag levels, leading to the conclusion that there is a significant temporal precedence between rural credit and the gross value of agricultural production in Brazilian states – regardless of the number of lags included in the model, rejecting the null hypothesis of homogeneous non-causality.
A generalized approach to sparse and stable portfolio optimization problem

In this paper, we firstly examine the relation between the portfolio weights norm constraints method and the objective function regularization method in portfolio selection problems. We find that the portfolio weights norm constrained method mainly tries to obtain stable portfolios, however, the objective function regularization method mainly aims at obtaining sparse portfolios. Then, we propose some general sparse and stable portfolio models by imposing both portfolio weights norm constraints and objective function $L_{1}$ regularization term. Finally, three empirical studies show that the proposed strategies have better out-of-sample performance and lower turnover than many other strategies for tested datasets.
Coherent subsiding structures in large eddy simulations of atmospheric boundary layers

Coherent structures are characterized in high‐resolution simulations of three atmospheric boundary layers: dry convection, marine cumulus, and stratocumulus. Based on radioactive‐decaying tracers emitted at different altitudes (surface, top of well‐mixed layer, and cloud top), a object‐oriented methodology allows individual characterization of coherent tridimensional plumes within the flow.Each boundary layer shows updraft structures surrounded by subsiding shells that have similar thermodynamical characteristics. Well‐mixed downdrafts are located relatively close to updrafts and entrain dry, warm air from the free troposphere. Identified in all boundary layers, these subsiding structures are triggered by air mass convergence linked to updrafts' divergence and are thus part of an overturning circulation in well‐mixed layers. Close to the surface, downdrafts' divergence constrain updrafts' locations and thus shape a mesoscale cellular organisation with cell sizes scaling with the boundary‐layer height (aspect ratio of around 2). Active cumulus formation does not strongly perturb the spatial organisation of the sub‐cloud well‐mixed layer. The stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer also shares similarities with the overturning circulation despite having condensation and cloud‐radiation diabatic effects within the mixed layer. However, the visible mesoscale organisation of stratocumulus shows larger cells than the boundary‐layer depth (aspect ratio > 10) that suggest deviations from the clear‐sky conceptual view. The boundary‐layer decoupling influences mass fluxes of coherent structures and thus potentially play a role in shaping the spatial organisation.Since well‐mixed downdrafts contribute to a significant part of resolved flux of heat and moisture, our results suggest that downdraft properties in well mixed layers should be represented at the subgrid scale in climate models through non‐local mass‐flux parameterizations.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.