Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient joint stereo estimation and land usage classification for multiview satellite data

We propose an efficient algorithm to jointly estimate geometry and semantics for a given geographical region observed by multiple satellite images. Our joint estimation leverages an efficient PatchMatch inference framework defined over lattice discretization of the environment. Our cost function relies on the local planarity assumption to model scene geometry and neural network classification to determine semantic (e.g. land use) labels for geometric structures. By utilizing the commonly available direct (i.e. space to image) rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) satellite camera models, our approach effectively circumvents the need for estimating or refining inverse RPC models. Experiments illustrate both the computational efficiency and high quality scene geometry estimates attained by our approach for satellite imagery. To further illustrate the generality of our representation and inference framework, experiments on standard benchmarks for ground-level imagery are also included.
Dynamic use of syntactical knowledge in continuous speech recognition

The control of continuous speech recognition by a context-free based language model requires a parsing process which may overload the acoustic decoding algorithm. We present a new approach to integrate such a language model in the search process. This approach extends the beam search Viterbi algorithm. In our case, the pruning technique not only selects the most likely acoustic hypotheses but also governs the dynamic expansion of a network structure. This algorithm is general enough to cope with the self-embedded recursivity of context-free languages and it favourably compares with other parsing techniques applied to spoken inputs. We present results which show that the syntactical knowledge may be efficiently included at the frame level of an acoustic decoding algorithm. Keywords: Continuous Speech Recognition, Context-Free Language Models, Beam Search Viterbi Algorithm. 1. INTRODUCTION Many continuous speech understanding systems use different language models for recognition, on the .
Moving Healthcare Quality Forward With Nursing-Sensitive Value-Based Purchasing

Purpose: To underscore the need for health system reform and emphasize nursing measures as a key component in our healthcare reimbursement system. Design and Methods: Nursing-sensitive value-based purchasing (NSVBP) has been proposed as an initiative that would help to promote optimal staffing and practice environment through financial rewards and transparency of structure, process, and patient outcome measures. This article reviews the medical, governmental, institutional, and lay literature regarding the necessity for, method of implementation of, and potential impact of NSVBP. Findings: Research has shown that adverse events and mortality are highly dependent on nurse staffing levels and skill mix. The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI), along with other well-developed indicators, can be used as nursing-sensitive measurements for value-based purchasing initiatives. Nursing-sensitive measures are an important component of value-based purchasing. Conclusions: Value-based purchasing is in its infancy. Devising an effective system that recognizes and incorporates nursing measures will facilitate the success of this initiative. NSVBP needs to be designed and incentivized to decrease adverse events, hospital stays, and readmission rates, thereby decreasing societal healthcare costs. Clinical Relevance: NSVBP has the potential for improving the quality of nursing care by financially motivating hospitals to have an optimal nurse practice environment capable of producing optimal patient outcomes by aligning cost effectiveness for hospitals to that of the patient and society.
The vortex wake of blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla L.) measured using high-speed digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV)

SUMMARY Reconstructing the vortex wake of freely flying birds is challenging, but in the past few years, direct measurements of the wake circulation have become available for a number of species. Streamwise circulation has been measured at different positions along the span of the birds, but no measurements have been performed in the transverse plane. Recent findings from studies of bat wakes have pointed to the importance of transverse plane data for reconstructing the wake topology because important structures may be missed otherwise. We present results of high-speed DPIV measurements in the transverse plane behind freely flying blackcaps. We found novel wake structures previously not shown in birds, including wing root vortices of opposite as well as the same sign as the wing tip vortices. This suggests a more complex wake structure in birds than previously assumed and calls for more detailed studies of the flow over the wings and body, respectively. Based on measurements on birds with and without a tail we also tested hypotheses regarding the function of the tail during steady flight. We were unable to detect any differences in the wake pattern between birds with and without a tail. We conclude that the birds do not use their tail to exploit vortices shed at the wing root during the downstroke. Neither did we find support for the hypothesis that the tail should reduce the drag of the bird. The function of the tail during steady flight thus remains unclear and calls for further investigation in future studies.
Testosterone responses to competition in men are related to facial masculinity

Relationships between androgens and the size of sexually dimorphic male traits have been demonstrated in several non-human species. It is often assumed that a similar relationship exists for human male faces, but clear evidence of an association between circulating testosterone levels and the size of masculine facial traits in adulthood is absent. Here we demonstrate that, after experimentally determined success in a competitive task, men with more a masculine facial structure show higher levels of circulating testosterone than men with less masculine faces. In participants randomly allocated to a ‘winning’ condition, testosterone was elevated relative to pre-task levels at 5 and 20 min post-task. In a control group of participants allocated to a ‘losing’ condition there were no significant differences between pre- and post-task testosterone. An index of facial masculinity based on the measurement of sexually dimorphic facial traits was not associated with pre-task (baseline) testosterone levels, but was associated with testosterone levels 5 and 20 min after success in the competitive task. These findings indicate that a man's facial structure may afford important information about the functioning of his endocrine system.
Creating Stories from Socially Curated Microblog Messages

SUMMARY Social media such as microblogs have become so pervasive such that it is now possible to use them as sensors for real-world events and memes. While much recent research has focused on developing automatic methods for filtering and summarizing these data streams, we explore a different trend called social curation. In contrast to automatic methods, social curation is characterized as a human-in-the-loop and sometimes crowd-sourced mechanism for exploiting social media as sensors. Although social curation web services like Togetter, Naver Matome and Storify are gaining popularity, little academic research has studied the phenomenon. In this paper, our goal is to investigate the phenomenon and potential of this new field of social curation. First, we perform an in-depth analysis of a large corpus of curated microblog data. We seek to understand why and how people participate in this laborious curation process. We then explore new ways in which information retrieval and machine learning technologies can be used to assist curators. In particular, we propose a novel method based on a learning-to-rank framework that increases the curator’s productivity and breadth of perspective by suggesting which novel microblogs should be added to the curated content.
Recursive Multi-step Time Series Forecasting by Perturbing Data

The Recursive strategy is the oldest and most intuitive strategy to forecast a time series multiple steps ahead. At the same time, it is well-known that this strategy suffers from the accumulation of errors as long as the forecasting horizon increases. We propose a variant of the Recursive strategy, called RECNOISY, which perturbs the initial dataset at each step of the forecasting process in order to i) handle more properly the estimated values at each forecasting step and ii) decrease the accumulation of errors induced by the Recursive strategy. In addition to the RECNOISY strategy, we propose another strategy, called HYBRID, which for each horizon selects the most accurate approach among the REC and the RECNOISY strategies according to the estimated accuracy. In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed strategies, we carry out an experimental session based on the 111 times series of the NN5 forecasting competition. Accuracy results are presented together with a paired comparison over the horizons and the time series. The preliminary results show that our proposed approaches are promising in terms of forecasting performance.
Lightning, grounding, and protection for control and communications systems: Re-evaluated

Protection for installations that have been modernized or retrofitted presents a unique mix of problems that require a different perspective from a new installation. The paper addresses lightning, transients, and radiation that causes problems on programmable logic controllers, distributed control systems, and remote electronic transducers. While complex grounding grids and networks were not often required for analog systems, digital equipment requires a more effective means of maintaining equal potential throughout the facility. Methods of protecting circuits include a variety of sophisticated and not so elegant techniques. Special consideration must be given to the impact that towers have on a protection system. The investigation ranges from no air terminals to lightning arrays. The protection problem is compounded when different soils such as clay and rock are encountered. Methods of calculating the grounding circuit resistance are identified. Although the paper is based on a retrofit to a pipeline station, the techniques are appropriate for any industrial installation using distributed control.
Empirical estimates to reduce modeling uncertainties of soil organic carbon in permafrost regions: a review of recent progress and remaining challenges

The vast amount of organic carbon (OC) stored in soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region is a potentially vulnerable component of the global carbon cycle. However, estimates of the quantity, decomposability, and combustibility of OC contained in permafrost-region soils remain highly uncertain, thereby limiting our ability to predict the release of greenhouse gases due to permafrost thawing. Substantial differences exist between empirical and modeling estimates of the quantity and distribution of permafrost-region soil OC, which contribute to large uncertainties in predictions of carbon–climate feedbacks under future warming. Here, we identify research challenges that constrain current assessments of the distribution and potential decomposability of soil OC stocks in the northern permafrost region and suggest priorities for future empirical and modeling studies to address these challenges.
RABBIT LYMPHOID CELLS DIFFERENTIATED WITH RESPECT TO α-, γ-, AND µ- HEAVY POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS AND TO ALLOTYPIC MARKERS AA1 AND AA2

Lymphoid cells present in spleen and lymph nodes of hyperimmune rabbits were found to be differentiated with respect to the class of immunoglobulin heavy chain which they contained. The relative proportions of cells containing the various heavy chains were as follows: α-chain (5 to 8%), µ-chain (14 to 21%), and γ-chain (71 to 81%). The allotypic markers Aa1 and Aa2, found on heavy chains, were also found to be separately localized in cells of Aa 1/Aa 2 heterozygous rabbits. The ratio of cells in spleen and lymph nodes containing the Aa1 marker to those containing the Aa2 marker varied with individual rabbits; the range was 53 to 88% Aa1 versus 12 to 47% Aa2.
Multibit Color-Mapping Steganography Using Depth-First Search

This paper proposes a novel multibit color-mapping steganographic scheme for palette images. Each color in the palette is considered to be a graph node, and a color-graph is constructed according to small color-difference. Some color-nodes in the color-graph are mapped to one bit-sequence with an indefinite length by exploiting a layer-by-layer depth-first search technique. Accordingly, some colors in the palette can be used to represent several secret bits. The major idea of data-embedding process is to modify colors of image pixels. For any pixel to be exploited, a data-hider can always find a bit-sequence mapped by a suitable color that is a prefix of the corresponding secret bit-sequence and replace the original color with the suitable color. Experimental results show that secret data can be embedded and extracted successfully without introducing visual artifacts, and the proposed scheme can gain a larger capacity or maintain quite good image quality.
Querying and Managing Provenance through User Views in Scientific Workflows

Workflow systems have become increasingly popular for managing experiments where many bioinformatics tasks are chained together. Due to the large amount of data generated by these experiments and the need for reproducible results, provenance has become of paramount importance. Workflow systems are therefore starting to provide support for querying provenance. However, the amount of provenance information may be overwhelming, so there is a need for abstraction mechanisms to help users focus on the most relevant information. The technique we pursue is that of "user views". Since bioinformatics tasks may themselves be complex sub-workflows, a user view determines what level of sub-workflow the user can see, and thus what data and tasks are visible in provenance queries. In this paper, we formalize the notion of user views, demonstrate how they can be used in provenance queries, and give an algorithm for generating a user view based on which tasks are relevant for the user. We then describe our prototype and give performance results. Although presented in the context of scientific workflows, the technique applies to other data-oriented workflows.
Improvement of resilient packet ring fairness

Resilient packet ring (RPR, IEEE std. 802.17-2004) is a recent networking standard developed by the IEEE LAN/MAN working group. RPR is an insertion buffer, dual ring technology, utilizing a back pressure based fairness algorithm to distribute bandwidth when congestion occurs. In its attempt to control a set of nodes' sending behavior over a congested link, the RPR fairness algorithm suffers from two severe performance deficiencies. The first concerns how the node closest to a congested link calculates a fair rate estimate, the second deficiency relates to the method used to distribute this fair rate estimate to nodes upstream from the congested node. In this paper, we analyze these deficiencies and propose improvements to resolve them.
A novel modulo 2n + 1 fused multiply-adder unit for secured VLSI architectures

There is increase in computer performance exponentially in past few decades which led to demand in low power and high speed arithmetic circuits which is highly challenging in designing of such kind of circuits. The Fused Multiply Add (FMA) is one of the most efficient designs from the arithmetic designs. This paper presents a novel FMA which is implemented by using modulo 2n + 1 adder and multiplier to achieve low power and high speed. The synthesis is carried out in RTL Complier using TSMC 130nm, 90nm, 65nm and 40nm technology files. In order to show the confidence of the proposed FMA it has been compared with existing one FMA. The results show that the proposed FMA has better performance in terms of delay, power and area.
Learning ‘social responsibility’ in the workplace: conjuring, unsettling, and folding boundaries

This article proceeds from the argument that while the discourse of social responsibility (SR) is increasingly evident in pedagogies circulating through the workplace, its actual practices tend to be obscured beneath complex tensions and moral precepts presented as self‐evident. Through an examination of individuals’ learning of SR in the workplace contexts of small enterprise, this discussion asks: How can we consider social responsibility in work, and the project of learning social responsibility in and for work, in more flexible ways that account for its complex enactments in pluralist contexts? The article explores dynamics of responsibility as both response and identity within literature on social responsibility in the workplace, and examines the process of learning SR as a matter of negotiating boundaries to enact response and identity. Drawing from findings of a qualitative study of 25 small enterprise owners engaging a process of learning SR practice, the article explores what are argued to be their boundary practices of conjuring, unsettling and folding boundaries as they developed viable locations and relations of social responsibility in their unique situations.
DESIGNING TOOLS OR DESIGNING SOCIOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS WITH HUMAN PARTICIPANTS ?

This conceptual paper is a step toward bridging the gap between thinking of systems as tools that are used and thinking of systems as sociotechnical systems with human participants. Its description of design spaces for sociotechnical systems applies a work system perspective. Its theory of sociotechnical design encompasses planned and unplanned change in those work systems. Its overall approach supports analysis and design at various levels of depth without implicitly biasing the result toward non-technical or technical aspects of the situation. The work system approach to sociotechnical design provides a path for going far beyond simple relationships between function and form. This paper summarizes aspects of that path, including: • Framework for summarizing work systems within organizations; • A theory of sociotechnical design; • Decomposition of work systems into subsystems and their interactions; • Parallel application of multiple design spaces organized around work system elements. The paper concludes by listing advantages of its approach to sociotechnical design.
A Case Study of a Sport-for-Development Programme in Brazil

This article examines the ‘Sport Works’ narrative of sport-for-development practitioners of an inter-organisational sport-for-development (SfD) programme utilising rugby to foster positive social transformation in Brazil. In doing so, we address an under-representation of practitioners who are often seen as subjugated voices in SfD programmes. The paper also addresses an under-representation of Brazil as a research site in SfD literature. Following several site visits and interviews with practi- tioners, our data concludes that despite a novel context of Brazil and the alternative values to football offered through the sport of rugby, practitioners and programme managers maintain dominant narratives of social transformation through sport without clear monitoring and evaluation. This paper examines a multi-state inter-organisational sport-for-development (SfD) programme utilising rugby to foster positive development in Brazil. We focus on the ‘sport works’ discourse to understand why sport is seen as a development tool and how sport ‘transforms’ individual participants and communities. Specifically, we explore the managers’ and ‘street bureaucrats’’ (coaches’) experiences of, and assumptions about sport’s transformative potential, based on values believed to be associated with the sport of rugby. The aim is to develop an understanding of ‘everyday’ dominant narratives employed throughout the programme of how and why sport works for participants and their community. This paper contributes activity? (b) How and why does rugby ‘transform’ individual participants and, (c)
The coordinated action of the MVB pathway and autophagy ensures cell survival during starvation

The degradation and recycling of cellular components is essential for cell growth and survival. Here we show how selective and non-selective lysosomal protein degradation pathways cooperate to ensure cell survival upon nutrient limitation. A quantitative analysis of starvation-induced proteome remodeling in yeast reveals comprehensive changes already in the first three hours. In this period, many different integral plasma membrane proteins undergo endocytosis and degradation in vacuoles via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. Their degradation becomes essential to maintain critical amino acids levels that uphold protein synthesis early during starvation. This promotes cellular adaptation, including the de novo synthesis of vacuolar hydrolases to boost the vacuolar catabolic activity. This order of events primes vacuoles for the efficient degradation of bulk cytoplasm via autophagy. Hence, a catabolic cascade including the coordinated action of the MVB pathway and autophagy is essential to enter quiescence to survive extended periods of nutrient limitation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.07736. 001
A Survey for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis Methods

In real-life interactions, human beings tend to express themselves in different modalities that include not only visual and audio expressions, but also non-verbal communications such as emotions. Recent studies of automated analysis of human behaviour have attracted number of researchers of different fields namely, neuroscience, linguistics, computer science and related disciplines. Several approaches based on facial expressions and acoustic information, have been proposed to date. This paper analyses the strengths and limitations of techniques used for multimodal sentiment data. With the recent growth of social websites like Facebook.com, Youtube.com, and Amazon, gathering public opinion i.e. honest feedback is relatively effortless. We first discuss the possibilities to gather appropriate dataset and then scrutinize different algorithms proposed till date to solve the problem of how a machine understands human affect behavior. In the end we outline scientific challenges the field proposes. Relatively limited work has been done to fuse two or more modalities. The paper also discusses fusion techniques and their implications on emotion recognition system. The performance and robustness issues are discussed in detail.
Low Complexity Blind Constrained Data-Reusing Algorithms Based on Minimum Variance and Constant Modulus Criteria

This work presents low complexity blind constrained data-reusing adaptive filtering algorithms based on the minimum variance and constant modulus cost functions. Constrained minimum variance (CMV) and constrained constant modulus (CCM) affine projection type algorithms are developed and investigated in a CDMA interference suppression scenario. Computer simulations are used to analyze the proposed techniques and compare them with existing stochastic gradient (SG) and recursive least-squares (RLS) type techniques. The results show that the new algorithms outperform previously reported SG techniques with small additional computational requirements and achieve a performance very close to RLS algorithms at greatly reduced complexity