Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precise assembly and regulation of 26S proteasome and correlation between proteasome dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) often involve the formation of abnormal and toxic protein aggregates, which are thought to be the primary factor in ND occurrence and progression. Aged neurons exhibit marked increases in aggregated protein levels, which can lead to increased cell death in specific brain regions. As no specific drugs/therapies for treating the symptoms or/and progression of NDs are available, obtaining a complete understanding of the mechanism underlying the formation of protein aggregates is needed for designing a novel and efficient removal strategy. Intracellular proteolysis generally involves either the lysosomal or ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this review, we focus on the structure and assembly of the proteasome, proteasome-mediated protein degradation, and the multiple dynamic regulatory mechanisms governing proteasome activity. We also discuss the plausibility of the correlation between changes in proteasome activity and the occurrence of NDs. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(9): 459-473]
OBJECT-BASED ANALYSIS OF IKONOS-2 IMAGERY FOR EXTRACTION OF FOREST INVENTORY PARAMETERS

A method is presented for deriving forest inventory information from Ikonos-2 imagery based on the analysis of image objects rather than more conventional pixel-based image analysis approaches. For a 77 km 2 study area in southwestern Alberta, Canada, image objects representing homogeneous landscape components were delineated from Ikonos-2 data using an image segmentation routine. Decision tree statistical analyses were used to identify correlations between metrics derived from spectral and spatial properties of the image objects and field-derived samples of individual forest inventory parameters. The strongest relationships were observed for classes of discrete land-cover types, species composition, and crown closure.
Mutual information based feature selection for mixed data

The problem of feature selection is crucial for many applica- tions and has thus been studied extensively. However, most of the existing methods are designed to handle data consisting only in categorical or in real-valued features while a mix of both kinds of features is often en- countered in practice. This paper proposes an approach based on mutual information and the maximal Relevance minimal Redundancy principle to handle the case of mixed data. It combines aspects of both wrapper and filter methods and is well suited for regression problems. Experiments on artificial and real-world datasets show the interest of the methodology.
Examination of Physical Education Teacher Candidates’ Attitudes towards Individuals with Physical Disability by Visual Information

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the attitudes of physical education teacher candidates towards the disabled through visual information, and is directed to determine the changes. The sample of the study group consists of 6 females and 27 males including a total of 33 physical education teacher candidates from Batman University of Physical Education and Sports School. In this paper, the “Attitude toward Disabled Persons Scale” (ATDP) was used. ATDP scale Form-O was translated intoTurkish. Changes in attitudes towards the students with disability in the research group show the way how visual information is used to identify them. For this purpose, a short film containing the problems of the disabled was let to be watched by teacher candidates, following the display, scale was applied to the research group. The measurement results of preliminary test and posttest, applied to Physical Education and Sports teacher candidates before and after the display of the short movie, were evaluated with dependent sample t-test analysis; and the level of significance was taken as p<0.05. Pretest and posttest results of the study show that there is not a statistically significant difference after the visual information of the physical education teacher candidates’ attitudes towards the disabled.
Relative ultrasound energy measurement circuit

A relative ultrasound energy estimation circuit has been designed in a standard 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process, to be a part of a thumb size Internet connected wireless ultrasound measurement system. This circuit measures the relative energy between received ultrasound pulses, and presents an output signal that is linear to the received energy. Post-layout simulations indicate 7 bit linearity for 500 mV input signals, 5 /spl mu/sec startup and stop times, 2.6 mW power consumption during active state. The active area measures 0.6 mm/sub 2/ including digital logic, bias generation, and an on-chip oscillator. The circuit has been sent for manufacturing in the Austrian Microsystems C35B4 process via Europractice MPW.
In-Situ Design and Development of a Socially Assistive Robot for Paediatric Rehabilitation

We present the in-situ design and development of a general purpose social robot (NAO) as a therapeutic aid for paediatric rehabilitation. We describe our two-phase design approach, emphasising frequent patient/parent/therapist engagement and outline roles and requirements for our SAR prototype derived from this process. Our SAR prototype has now been deployed in the rehabilitation program of 9 patients with cerebral palsy, across 14 sessions where evaluation and iterative development is ongoing.
Physical Distance vs. Signal Distance: An Analysis towards Better Location Fingerprinting

The laborious collection of location fingerprints, that could also potentially change with time, remains a hurdle towards the widespread deployment of indoor and campus area positioning using WiFi. In this paper, we present a preliminary analysis of the complicated relationship between distance in signal space, the physical distance and location errors towards better guidelines for fingerprint collection. We introduce the idea of entropy of location fingerprints and investigate the relationships between physical and signal distances, entropy, and expected errors with positioning using location fingerprinting. We present results with no access point and one access point and consider variations in the density of reference points and the standard deviation of signal strength to illustrate the issues.
Evaluation of therapeutic riding (Sweden)/hippotherapy (United States). A single-subject experimental design study replicated in eleven patients with multiple sclerosis

The aim of this study was to investigate whether therapeutic riding (TR, Sweden)hippotherapy (HT, United States) may affect balance, gait, spasticity, functional strength, coordination, pain, self-rated level of muscle tension (SRLMT), activities of daily living (ADL), and health-related quality of life. Eleven patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were studied in a single-subject experimental design (SSED) study, type A-B-A. The intervention comprised ten weekly TR/HT sessions of 30 minutes each. The subjects were measured a maximum of 13 times. Physical tests were: the Berg balance scale, walking a figure of eight, the timed up and go test, 10 m walking, the modified Ashworth scale, the Index of Muscle Function, the Birgitta Lindmark motor assessment, part B, and individual measurements. Self-rated measures were: the Visual Analog Scale for pain, a scale for SRLMT, the Patient-Specific Functional Scale for ADL, and the SF-36. Data were analyzed visually, semi-statistically and considering clinical significance. Results showed improvement for ten subjects in one or more of the variables, particularly balance, and some improvements were also seen in pain, muscle tension, and ADL. Changes in SF-36 were mostly positive, with an improvement in Role-Emotional seen in eight patients. Conclusively, balance and Role-Emotional were the variables most often improved, but TR/HT appeared to benefit the subjects differently.
Practitioner perspectives on learning for social change through non-formal global citizenship education

This article engages with debates about transformative learning and social change, exploring practitioner perspectives on non-formal education activities run by non-governmental organisations. The research looked at how global citizenship education practitioners met their organisation’s goals of change for social justice through educational activities. This education is sometimes criticised for promoting small individual changes in behaviour, which do not ultimately lead to the social justice to which it pertains to aim. Findings suggest that this non-formal education aims to provide information from different perspectives and generate critical reflection, often resulting in shifts in attitudes and behaviour. While the focus is often on small actions, non-formal spaces opened up by such education allow for networks to develop, which are key for more collective action and making links to social movements. Although this was rarely the focus of these organisations, it was these steps, often resulting from reflection as a group on personal actions, which carried potentially for social change.
A critical examination of the residual cloud contamination and diurnal sampling effects on MODIS estimates of aerosol over ocean

Observations of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard Terra and Aqua satellites are being used extensively for applications to climate and air quality studies. Data quality is essential for these studies. Here we investigate the effects of unresolved clouds on the MODIS measurements of the AOT. The main cloud effect is from residual cirrus that increases the AOT by 0.015/spl plusmn/0.003 at 0.55 /spl mu/m. In addition, lower level clouds can add contamination. We examine the effect of lower clouds using the difference between simultaneously measured MODIS and AERONET AOT. The difference is positively correlated with the cloud fraction. However, interpretation of this difference is sensitive to the definition of cloud contamination versus aerosol growth. If we consider this consistent difference between MODIS and AERONET to be entirely due to cloud contamination we get a total cloud contamination of 0.025/spl plusmn/0.005, though a more likely estimate is closer to 0.020 after accounting for aerosol growth. This reduces the difference between MODIS-observed global aerosol optical thickness over the oceans and model simulations by half, from 0.04 to 0.02. However it is insignificant for studies of aerosol cloud interaction. We also examined how representative are the MODIS data of the diurnal average aerosol. Comparison to monthly averaged sunphotometer data confirms that either the Terra or Aqua estimate of global AOT is a valid representation of the daily average. Though in the vicinity of aerosol sources such as fires, we do not expect this to be true.
Monetary Stabilisation with Nominal Asymmetries

Optimal monetary stabilisation in the standard New Keynesian framework usually assumes a policy loss function from outside the model. In this paper, in contrast, the objective arises directly from the model. Credit constraints and sticky nominal debt contracts imply that monetary stabilisation has asymmetric impacts depending on whether consumers are credit-constrained. The policy problem is to maximise some weighting of the expected utility of the different types of consumer. Features of optimal stabilisation are derived that do not appear to be far out of line with empirical evidence for many countries but that clearly conflict with standard loss function results.
Principal component analysis on chemical abundances spaces

In preparation for the HERMES chemical tagging survey of about a million Galactic FGK stars, we estimate the number of independent dimensions of the space defined by the stellar chemical element abundances [X/Fe]. This leads to a way to study the origin of elements from observed chemical abundances using Principal Component Analysis. We explore abundances in several environments, including solar neighbourhood thin/thick disk stars, halo metal-poor stars, globular clusters, open clusters, the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. By studying solarneighbourhood stars, we confirm the universality of the r-process that tends to produce [n-capture elements/Fe] in a constant ratio. We find that, especially at low metallicity, the production of r-process elements is likely to be associated with the production of α-elements. This may support the core-collapse supernovae as the r-process site. We also verify the over-abundances of light s-process elements at low metallicity, and find that the relative contribution decreases at higher metallicity, which suggests that this lighter elements primary process may be associated with massive stars. We also verify the contribution from the s-process in low-mass AGB stars at high metallicity. Our analysis reveals two types of core-collapse supernovae: one produces mainly α-elements, the other produces both α-elements and Fe-peak elements with a large enhancement of heavy Fe-peak elements which may be the contribution from hypernovae. Excluding light elements that may be subject to internal mixing, K and Cu, we find that the [X/Fe] chemical abundance space in the solar neighbourhood has about 6 independent dimensions both at low metallicity ( 3.5 . [Fe/H] . 2) and high metallicity ([Fe/H] & 1). However the dimensions come from very different origins in these two cases. The extra contribution from low mass AGB stars at high metallicity compensates the dimension loss due to the homogenization of the core-collapse supernovae ejecta. Including the extra dimensions from [Fe/H], K, Cu and the light elements, the number of independent dimensions of the [X/Fe]+[Fe/H] chemical space in the solar neighbourhood for HERMES is about 8 to 9. Comparing fainter galaxies and the solar neighbourhood, we find that the chemical space for fainter galaxies such as Fornax and the Large Magellanic Cloud has a higher dimensionality. This is consistent with the slower star formation history of fainter galaxies. We find that open clusters have more chemical space dimensions than the nearby metal-rich field stars. This suggests that a survey of stars in a larger Galactic volume than the solar neighbourhood may show about 1 more dimension in its chemical abundance space.
Quantified types in an imperative language

We describe universal types, existential types, and type constructors in Cyclone, a strongly typed C-like language. We show how the language naturally supports first-class polymorphism and polymorphic recursion while requiring an acceptable amount of explicit type information. More importantly, we consider the soundness of type variables in the presence of C-style mutation and the address-of operator. For polymorphic references, we describe a solution more natural for the C level than the ML-style “value restriction. ” For existential types, we discover and subsequently avoid a subtle unsoundness issue resulting from the address-of operator. We develop a formal abstract machine and type-safety proof that capture the essence of type variables at the C level.
The P190, P210, and P230 Forms of the BCR/ABL Oncogene Induce a Similar Chronic Myeloid Leukemia–like Syndrome in Mice but Have Different Lymphoid Leukemogenic Activity

The product of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) translocation, the BCR/ABL oncogene, exists in three principal forms (P190, P210, and P230 BCR/ABL) that are found in distinct forms of Ph-positive leukemia, suggesting the three proteins have different leukemogenic activity. We have directly compared the tyrosine kinase activity, in vitro transformation properties, and in vivo leukemogenic activity of the P190, P210, and P230 forms of BCR/ABL. P230 exhibited lower intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity than P210 and P190. Although all three oncogenes transformed both myeloid (32D cl3) and lymphoid (Ba/F3) interleukin (IL)-3–dependent cell lines to become independent of IL-3 for survival and growth, their ability to stimulate proliferation of Ba/F3 lymphoid cells differed and correlated directly with tyrosine kinase activity. In a murine bone marrow transduction/transplantation model, the three forms of BCR/ABL were equally potent in the induction of a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)–like myeloproliferative syndrome in recipient mice when 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)–treated donors were used. Analysis of proviral integration showed the CML-like disease to be polyclonal and to involve multiple myeloid and B lymphoid lineages, implicating a primitive multipotential target cell. Secondary transplantation revealed that only certain minor clones gave rise to day 12 spleen colonies and induced disease in secondary recipients, suggesting heterogeneity among the target cell population. In contrast, when marrow from non– 5-FU–treated donors was used, a mixture of CML-like disease, B lymphoid acute leukemia, and macrophage tumors was observed in recipients. P190 BCR/ABL induced lymphoid leukemia with shorter latency than P210 or P230. The lymphoid leukemias and macrophage tumors had provirus integration patterns that were oligo- or monoclonal and limited to the tumor cells, suggesting a lineage-restricted target cell with a requirement for additional events in addition to BCR/ABL transduction for full malignant transformation. These results do not support the hypothesis that P230 BCR/ABL induces a distinct and less aggressive form of CML in humans, and suggest that the rarity of P190 BCR/ABL in human CML may reflect infrequent BCR intron 1 breakpoints during the genesis of the Ph chromosome in stem cells, rather than intrinsic differences in myeloid leukemogenicity between P190 and P210.
Value Network Transformation By Digital Service Innovation In The Vehicle Industry

This paper reports from preparations in an ongoing research study concerning how digital service innovation transforms value networks in the vehicle industry. The research study concerns digital services based on remote diagnostics systems. This digital service innovation in particular is of great importance since the vehicle industry has great potential to expand its business and found new and extended boundaries and relationships with other stakeholder in the networks they are attached to. Core challenges and opportunities for digital service innovation will lead us to the study of its influence on the business and innovation environment i.e. the value network. In this paper, we propose three propositions to study transformation from product oriented value networks to digital service oriented value networks.
Achieving Equity in Special Education: History, Status, and Current Challenges

Among the most-longstanding and intransigent issues in the field, the disproportionate representation of minority students in special education programs has its roots in a long history of educational segregation and discrimination. Although national estimates of disproportionality have been consistent over time, state and local estimates may show varying patterns of disproportionality. A number of factors may contribute to disproportionality, including test bias, poverty, special education processes, inequity in general education, issues of behavior management, and cultural mismatch/cultural reproduction. This article provides a report on the history, measurement, status, and factors contributing to disproportionate representation in special education, and offers recommendations based on an understanding of racial and ethnic disparities in special education as a multiply determined phenomenon.
DNA-decorated graphene chemical sensors

Graphene is a two-dimensional material with exceptional electronic properties and enormous potential for applications. Graphene’s promise as a chemical sensor material has been noted but there has been little work on practical chemical sensing using graphene, and in particular, how chemical functionalization may be used to sensitize graphene to chemical vapors. Here we show one route towards improving the ability of graphene to work as a chemical sensor by using single stranded DNA as a sensitizing agent. The resulting devices show fast response times, complete and rapid recovery to baseline at room temperature, and discrimination between several similar vapor analytes.
SiGe power amplifier for automotive radar applications from 76 to 81 GHz

This work presents a power amplifier for automotive radar applications based on the differential cascode topology. The power amplifier is manufactured in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. At 77 GHz, the peak power added efficiency is 16 % at an output power of 17 dBm. Furthermore, the linear gain is 14.2 dB and the maximum saturated output power reaches 17.5 dBm. The chip consumes an area of 0.29 mm2 excluding the pads and is characterized between 25 and 125 degrees Celsius. A 1 dB bandwidth for the output power of 12 GHz is observed covering a frequency range from 73 GHz to 85 GHz. The output-referred 1 dB compression point of the power amplifier is 14.5 dBm.
A visual language for algorithm knowledge representation

Task-oriented design environments (TODEs) are an alternative of domain-oriented environments that support both self-directed learning and individualized planned teaching. One of the key problems of the design and implementation a TODE for algorithms is definition of a visual language for algorithm knowledge representation. The paper presents an exhaustive definition of such a language.
Do code review practices impact design quality? A case study of the Qt, VTK, and ITK projects

Code review is the process of having other team members examine changes to a software system in order to evaluate its technical content and quality. A lightweight variant of this practice, often referred to as Modern Code Review (MCR), is widely adopted by software organizations today. Previous studies have established a relation between the practice of code review and the occurrence of post-release bugs. While the prior work studies the impact of code review practices on software release quality, it is still unclear what impact code review practices have on software design quality. Therefore, using the occurrence of 7 different types of anti-patterns (i.e., poor solutions to design and implementation problems) as a proxy for software design quality, we set out to investigate the relationship between code review practices and software design quality. Through a case study of the Qt, VTK and ITK open source projects, we find that software components with low review coverage or low review participation are often more prone to the occurrence of anti-patterns than those components with more active code review practices.
Product Level Reliability Challenges for 65nm Technologies

We present a comprehensive review of product level reliability challenges for the 65nm technology node. The major reliability degradation mechanisms are analyzed for CMOS technologies. Historical data will show that hot carrier degradation has lost on importance and that negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is the leading reliability concern for the 65nm technology node. Additionally, dielectric breakdown as well as gate leakage currents pose an important limitation to the maximum applicable voltage across the gate oxide. Product standby currents and regulator design are highly influenced by transistor reliability. We will present product reliability data ensuring sufficient product level reliability as well as their correlation attempts to transistor level data.