Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ profile of heat and temperature using HTCE in undergraduate physics

Understanding heat and temperature are important to make strong fundamental of physics before understanding the other subject materials. This research aims to describe the students’ conception of heat and temperature using Heat and Temperature Conceptual Evaluation (HTCE) developed by Thornton and Sokoloff. This research subjects are 10 students of 3rd semester and 24 students of 5th semester Bachelor of Physics. The data collection methods are test and interview. The result are the students’ conception of heat and temperature, rate of cooling, calorimetry, rate of heat transfer, perception of hotness, specific heat capacity, change of phase, thermal conductivity. Students are getting difficult on understanding the concept of heat and temperature especially the concept of rate of cooling, change of phase, and rate of heat transfer. The average students’ correct answer is 44.88% of 34 students. The lowest mean score is the concept of RHT with the percentage of 17.65%. This research could be used to develop learning media on basic physics course.
The Hénon equation with a critical exponent under the Neumann boundary condition

For $n≥ 3$ and $p = (n+2)/(n-2), $ we consider the Henon equation with the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition \begin{document}$ -Δ u + u = |x|^{α}u^{p}, \; u > 0 \;\text{in} \; Ω,\ \ \frac{\partial u}{\partial ν} = 0 \; \text{ on }\;\partial Ω,$ \end{document} where \begin{document}$Ω \subset B(0,1) \subset \mathbb{R}^n, n ≥ 3$, $α≥ 0$ and $\partial^*Ω \equiv \partialΩ \cap \partial B(0,1) \ne \emptyset. $\end{document} It is well known that for \begin{document}$α = 0,$\end{document} there exists a least energy solution of the problem. We are concerned on the existence of a least energy solution for \begin{document}$α > 0$\end{document} and its asymptotic behavior as the parameter \begin{document}$α$\end{document} approaches from below to a threshold \begin{document}$α_0 ∈ (0,∞]$\end{document} for existence of a least energy solution.
Green Synthesis and the Evaluation of a Functional Amphiphilic Block Copolymer as a Micellar Curcumin Delivery System

Polymer micelles represent one of the most attractive drug delivery systems due to their design flexibility based on a variety of macromolecular synthetic methods. The environmentally safe chemistry in which the use or generation of hazardous materials is minimized has an increasing impact on polymer-based drug delivery nanosystems. In this work, a solvent-free green synthetic procedure was applied for the preparation of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer consisting of biodegradable hydrophobic poly(acetylene-functional carbonate) and biocompatible hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) blocks. The cyclic functional carbonate monomer 5-methyl-5-propargyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one (MPC) was polymerized in bulk using methoxy PEG-5K as a macroinitiator by applying the metal-free organocatalyzed controlled ring-opening polymerization at a relatively low temperature of 60 °C. The functional amphiphilic block copolymer self-associated in aqueous media into stable micelles with an average diameter of 44 nm. The copolymer micelles were physico-chemically characterized and loaded with the plant-derived anticancer drug curcumin. Preliminary in vitro evaluations indicate that the functional copolymer micelles are non-toxic and promising candidates for further investigation as nanocarriers for biomedical applications.
Implementing a Sustainability Framework in Healthcare: A Three-Lens Framework

The list of sustainability issues that can pose risks to people, society, and healthcare organizations (HCOs) has been steadily growing over the last decade. HCOs and related industries are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, pollutants, and unsustainable practices with a substantial death and disability footprint. There is an urgent need for health care transformation that advances quality, safety and value in order to address the public health crisis arising from healthcare pollution and to the meet rapidly moving deadlines to avert climate change. Sustainability initiatives are yet further linked with diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice, with HCOs being asked to disclose their commitments to these as part of “good” environmental society and governance (ESG) practices. In this paper, we review approaches to embed sustainability as a core strategy in HCOs and discuss implementation from the standpoint of a three-lens political, strategic, and cultural framework. We discuss solutions to embed sustainability and to facilitate buy-in, and provide a pathway to operationalize sustainability initiatives.
Effects of Organized Hypocrisy Strategy on the Establishment of Political Relation of Rama I and Emperor Qianlong

The paper deploys and develops the organized hypocrisy theory to account for the effect of organized hypocrisy strategy on the establishment of the political relation between Rama I and Emperor Qianlong from 1782 to 1787. Using the case study of Rama, I and Emperor Qianlong and a historical analysis, the paper shows that the logic of consequences of Rama I seek China’s economic and military leads to Sino-Thai conflicting logics of appropriateness. Thailand uses the organized hypocrisy strategy to respond to this situation with two mutually negative versions of royal letters and transliterated terms. The key decoupling mechanism of the strategy is that the Thailand monarch conducts diplomatic interactions that maintain his status, while the Chinese in Thailand act as intermediaries to handle interactions that damage Thailand Monarch’s prestige. Organized hypocrisy strategy allows Thailand to maintain Rama I’s claim of universal kingship and meet the demand of Emperor Qianlong investing Rama I at the same time. Rama I and Emperor Qianlong formed a nominal tributary relationship on this premise. Thailand's organized hypocrisy strategy is largely the political hypocrisy of a small country dealing with a big one. Emperor Qianlong practicing the doctrine of ‘no rule’ and not sending envoys for investiture makes the hypocrisy strategy play a positive role. This study informs our theoretical understanding of Sino-Thai friendly official relations by introducing a focus on the organized hypocrisy strategy hitherto lacking.
Detection of Specific Volatile Organic Compounds in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major storage pest that could lead to a wide range of damage. Its secretions have a significant impact on the quality of stored grain and food, leading to serious food safety problems such as grain spoilage and food carcinogenesis. This study investigates new detection techniques for grain storage pests to improve grain insect detection in China. The primary volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in these secretions are identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The specific VOCs that are unique to T. castaneum are selected as criteria for determining the presence of T. castaneum in the granary. To obtain more specific VOCs, experiments were designed for the analysis of T. castaneum samples under different extraction times, two types of SPME fibers and two GC-MS devices of different manufacturers. The experimental results showed that 12 VOCs were detected at relatively high levels, seven of which were common and which were not detected in other grains and grain insects. The seven compounds are 1-pentadecene, 2-methyl-p-benzoquinone, 2-ethyl-p-benzoquinone, 1-hexadecene, cis-9-tetradecen-1-ol, m-cresol and paeonol. These seven compounds can be used as volatile markers to identify the presence of T. castaneum, which could serve as a research foundation for the creation of new techniques for T. castaneum monitoring.
Digital Divide and Bridges: Navigating COVID-19 in Colombian Education

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions in Colombia implemented technology-mediated distance education models. However, inequities in access were evident. In Colombia, the digital divide is related to the geography, socioeconomic class, and ethnicity. The Ministry of National Education and the country’s educational communities joined efforts to build bridges and continue educating the population despite the difficulties. This exploratory qualitative research project was developed to reflect upon the effects of the pandemic on Colombian education, focussing upon the digital divide and the strategies implemented to reduce it. According to this study, the best way to bridge the digital divide is to mix older communication modalities and forms with new technology. During COVID-19, the main strategies used in Colombia involved the development of work guides or pamphlets; educational content on radio, television, and social media; digital educational resources accessible online; and the cell phone for direct contact. It is concluded that innovative bridges can be built to reduce the digital gap but only by embracing mediums of communication from across history.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish-Language Version of the Agentic Engagement Scale (AES): A Preliminary Study

In 2011, Reeve and Tseng operationalized the measurement of the ‘agentic engagement’ construct in five statements. Later, the preliminary scale was empirically validated (Reeve, 2013) to assess the students' active contribution during the education process. This work presents a preliminary study about the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Agentic Engagement Scale (AES). Using a sample of 194 participants, we analyzed item responses distribution, factor structure, internal consistency, and evidence based on the relationship between the AES and other measures of engagement and personality traits. The results confirmed its one-factor structure and its reliability in terms of internal consistency. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the AES seems to be a promising scale to assess agentic engagement in Spanish-speaking students.
Design and fabrication of a high gain, low cost, LHCP Fabry‐Perot antenna at Ku band

A single‐layer left‐handed circularly polarized (CP) Fabry‐Perot cavity antenna (FPCA) with stable gain performance around at the center frequency is designed, fabricated and tested at 14.5 GHz. The FPCA is fed by a linearly polarized (LP) microstrip patch aligned along slant 45° and is composed of single‐layer double‐sided top layer, which is designed to act as partially reflecting surface (PRS) and polarizer simultaneously, and a high impedance surface (HIS) as a ground layer. Several classes of unit cell configurations are investigated for top layer of FPCA to meet the requirements of CP behavior of antenna on the best form. Employing the transmission line model, the design process of PRS and polarizer is accelerated. It is done by estimating the initial value of unit cell parameters. Circuit model of unit cell configurations is introduced to ADS software and corresponding value of the element dimensions are optimized based on desired reflection and transmission coefficients of PRS which are essentially enforced by well‐known ray optics model. After optimizing design parameters of PRS in CST MWS by considering periodic boundary condition to account for mutual coupling effects and also tuning the HIS layer dimension to satisfy the resonance condition, the final structure can be assembled and simulated that have a 16.5 dB peak gain and good performance. Measurement results show that the antenna has roughly 15 dBi peak gain, the axial ratio (AR), return loss and 3 dB realized gain bandwidths (BW) of 7%, 1.7%, and 5%, respectively, at 14.5 GHz which are good achievements.
Phase-space dynamics of opposition control in wall-bounded turbulent flows

We investigate the nonlinear phase-space dynamics of plane Couette flow and plane Poiseuille flow under the action of opposition control at low Reynolds numbers in domains close to the minimal unit. In Couette flow, the effect of the control is analysed by focussing on a pair of non-trivial equilibrium solutions. It is found that the control only slightly modifies the statistics, turbulent skin friction and phase-space projection of the lower-branch equilibrium solution, which, in this case, is in fact identical to the edge state. On the other hand, the upper-branch equilibrium solution and mean turbulent state are modified considerably when the control is applied. In phase space, they gradually approach the lower-branch equilibrium solution on increasing the control amplitude, and this results in an elevation of the critical Reynolds number at which the equilibrium solutions first occur via a saddle-node bifurcation. It is also found that the upper-branch equilibrium solution is stabilised by the control. In Poiseuille flow, we study an unstable periodic orbit on the edge state and find that it, too, is modified very little by opposition control. We again observe that the turbulent state gradually approaches the edge state in phase space as the control amplitude is increased. In both flows, we find that the control significantly reduces the fluctuating strength of the turbulent state in phase space. However, the reduced distance between the turbulent trajectory and the edge state yields a significant reduction in turbulence lifetimes for both Couette and Poiseuille flow. This demonstrates that opposition control greatly increases the probability of the trajectory escaping from the turbulent state, which takes the form of a chaotic saddle.
Economical linkages of industry ""electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply"" in Baltic states and Finland

The research is devoted to the industry “Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply” (D35) in the Baltic states and Finland. The goal is to carry out the comparative dynamic analysis of the industry’s D35 domestic and imported product intermediate consumption’s and sales structures’ influence to the value added and final demand creation. The investigation is holistic thanks to the Input-Output approach. In order to estimate the role of the industry D35 in the national economy direct and total backward linkages with respect to the domestic and imported intermediate consumption, direct and total forward linkages are calculated and interpreted (mostly in form of elasticities). The special attention is devoted to the D35 product price change’s influence on the gross value added and final demand of separate industries in order to discover the most sensitive influenced industries. Although there are a lot of publications concerning the industry D35 in the recent time, nevertheless the results of the current research are new. We hope, it will help elaborate management decisions.
Global h-Synchronization for High-Order Delayed Inertial Neural Networks via Direct SORS Strategy

This work studies the issue of global h-synchronization about high-order delayed inertial neural networks via a second-order response system (SORS) approach. Note that the h-synchronization is a flexible definition which can generalize different special synchronization types by choosing different regulation function $\hbar $ . By constructing a regulation function-dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (RFD–LKF), a novel delay-dependent global h-synchronization criterion is obtained. Furthermore, an adaptive control algorithm is designed to estimate control gains online, which is useful to guarantee global h-synchronization performance as well as to decrease the control cost. And finally, the superiority of the method is verified via three numerical examples.
Shock-Tube Boundary-Layer Effects on Reflected-Shock Conditions with and Without CO2

The disturbances created by boundary layers behind incident shock waves are minimal but are multiplied in the postreflected-shock region and contribute to nonideal behaviors in this region. In this study, a boundary-layer model was used to confirm the link between predicted incident-shock boundary-layer growth and postreflected-shock pressure rise in shock tubes for a wide variety of nonreacting mixture compositions and experimental conditions. The results show that boundary-layer growth and, consequently, postreflected-shock pressure rise are strongly affected by the incident-shock Mach number and specific heat ratio γ of the mixture. In this study, mixtures of Ar, N2, and 0.21N2/CO2 were examined at experimental conditions of approximately 1400–1800 K at an average pressure of 1.73 atm. Although each mixture (with differing γ) experienced the same range of postreflected-shock conditions (T5 and P5), the Mach number span for each mixture was different. This Mach number byproduct of matching T5 and P5 for.
Neutralization of negative hydrogen and deuterium ion beams using non-resonance adiabatic photon trap

Experimental results on neutralization of negative ion beams in a photon stripping target are presented. For the energy of beams used in these studies (6–10 keV), the maximum neutralization efficiency is 95%. In contrast with gas or plasma neutralizers, the generation of positive ions from the negative ion beam was negligible. A non-resonance photon trap with highly reflecting mirrors of special shape was used as a stripping target. Due to a special mirror shape, in the process of photons reflections and propagation inside the trap there are some adiabatically conserved invariants that limits the volume accessible for photon motion even if the mirror surface is not closed. This approach makes it possible to overcome limitations typical for the Fabry–Perot cells, which require high radiation quality, high quality of the optical elements, and very high mechanical stability of the cell. The trap was pumped by commercially available fiber laser (λ = 1070 nm, Δλ = 7 nm, P = 2.1 kW) through a small hole in the mirror. The experiments were carried out with H- and D-beams. The observed neutralization efficiency depended mainly on the reflectivity of the mirrors, on defects on their surface, and on the laser pumping power.
A Multi-Country Analysis of Achievements and Inequalities in Economic Growth and Standards of Living

This paper compares achievements and inequalities in standards of living across countries. Achievement is measured by an index constructed to reflect greater achievement for an increase in the standard of living of a country already at a high level of development compared to an equal increase in a country starting from a lower base. The paper tests for the statistical relationship between indicators of standards of living and per capita income using data from 177 countries covering 2000–2007. It analyzes disparities between countries of achievement in standards of living and explains inequality in achievement in standards of living both within and between regions. Furthermore, the paper estimates the number of years it will take for different regions and selected Asian countries to catch up with the average standard of living of the industrialized countries.
New FDR bounds for discrete and heterogeneous tests

: To ﬁnd interesting items in genome-wide association studies or next generation sequencing data, a crucial point is to design powerful false discovery rate (FDR) controlling procedures that suitably com- bine discrete tests (typically binomial or Fisher tests). In particular, recent research has been striving for appropriate modiﬁcations of the classical Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) step-up procedure that accommodate discreteness and heterogeneity of the data. However, despite an important number of attempts, these procedures did not come with theoretical guarantees. In this paper, we provide new FDR bounds that allow us to ﬁll this gap. More speciﬁcally, these bounds make it possible to construct BH-type procedures that incorporate the discrete and heterogeneous structure of the data and provably control the FDR for any ﬁxed number of null hypotheses (under independence). Markedly, our FDR controlling methodology also allows to incorporate the quantity of signal in the data (corresponding therefore to a so-called π 0 -adaptive procedure) and to recover some prominent results of the literature. The power advantage of the new methods is demonstrated in a numerical experiment and for some appropriate real data sets.
The GMAO Hybrid Ensemble-Variational Atmospheric Data Assimilation System: Version 2.0

This document describes the implementation and usage of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Hybrid Ensemble-Variational Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (Hybrid EVADAS). Its aim is to provide comprehensive guidance to users of GEOS ADAS interested in experimenting with its hybrid functionalities. The document is also aimed at providing a short summary of the state-of-science in this release of the hybrid system. As explained here, the ensemble data assimilation system (EnADAS) mechanism added to GEOS ADAS to enable hybrid data assimilation applications has been introduced to the pre-existing machinery of GEOS in the most non-intrusive possible way. Only very minor changes have been made to the original scripts controlling GEOS ADAS with the objective of facilitating its usage by both researchers and the GMAO’s near-real-time Forward Processing applications. In a hybrid scenario two data assimilation systems run concurrently in a two-way feedback mode such that: the ensemble provides background ensemble perturbations required by the ADAS deterministic (typically high resolution) hybrid analysis; and the deterministic ADAS provides analysis information for recentering of the EnADAS analyses and information necessary to ensure that observation bias correction procedures are consistent between both the deterministic ADAS and the EnADAS. The nonintrusive approach to introducing hybrid capability to GEOS ADAS means, in particular, that previously existing features continue to be available. Thus, not only is this upgraded version of GEOS ADAS capable of supporting new applications such as Hybrid 3D-Var, 3D-EnVar, 4D-EnVar and Hybrid 4D-EnVar, it remains possible to use GEOS ADAS in its traditional 3D-Var mode which has been used in both MERRA and MERRA-2. Furthermore, as described in this document, GEOS ADAS also supports a configuration for exercising a purely ensemble-based assimilation strategy which can be fully decoupled from its variational component. We should point out that Release 1.0 of this document was made available to GMAO in mid-2013, when we introduced Hybrid 3D-Var capability to GEOS ADAS. This initial version of the documentation included a considerably different state-of-science introductory section but many of the same detailed description of the mechanisms of GEOS EnADAS. We are glad to report that a few of the desirable Future Works listed in Release 1.0 have now been added to the present version of GEOS EnADAS. These include the ability to exercise an Ensemble Prediction System that uses the ensemble analyses of GEOS EnADAS and (a very early, but functional version of) a tool to support Ensemble Forecast Sensitivity and Observation Impact applications.
Fault-tolerant control for a class of quantised networked control of nonlinear systems with unknown time-varying sensor faults

ABSTRACT In this paper, fault-tolerant control problems in quantised networked control of nonlinear systems (NCSs) with sensor uncertainties are considered. The measured output equation of the given NCS system has unknown external time-varying uncertainties that may be unbounded in addition to the effects of network-induced constraints; network-induced delays, network-induced data packet losses and network quantisation errors. A simultaneous observer-controller is constructed to stabilise the overall NCS. A flexible-joint robot link example is simulated to illustrate the significant improvement on system tracking performance.