Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A model for contingency tables having an ordered response classification

A common case of ordered categories in contingency tables is where objects are classified according to a rating procedure with respect to some dependent variable. A rating mechanism for such ordered categories, resulting in a log-linear response model in which successive categories are scored with successive integers, is proposed. Two sets of data which have been analysed with other models are reanalysed. In thefirst example, the original and new analyses give the same substantive interpretation, but whereas the former requires interpreting interactions, the latter requires interpreting main effiects only. Consequently, the latter analysis is considered simpler. In the second example, the relationship between the variables of interest is again found to be the same as in the original analysis, but in addition, a new insight into the operation of the rating mechanism is suggested. Specifically, it is suggested that one of the cut-offpoints on the rating continuum is not discriminating. Because the original classification was trichotomous, the implication is that the categories on either side of the non-discriminating cut-ofJ point may be pooled and that the same information can therefore be obtained from the collapsed dichotomous classification.
Prediction of optimum alkaline hydrolysis conditions for imparting superhydrophobicity to large-area fabrics using three-dimensional modeling

This study proposes a fabric-specific alkaline hydrolysis method to impart stable water repellency to large-area polyester fabrics, regardless of yarn type or weave pattern. The geometries of 120 virtual fabrics with varying yarn properties, weave patterns, and weave densities are modeled, and their surface-etching efficiency and superhydrophobicity are predicted. While the alkaline hydrolysis-derived nano-structuring efficiencies of fabrics are predicted based on the Kallay and Grancaric model (1990) with changes to reflect the fiber volume fraction F as a major variable for fabric structures. For predicting superhydrophobicity, the fabric meso-structure contact angle is calculated based on the Michielsen and Lee model (2007); the fixed yarn distance used in the original model is replaced by the simulated inter-yarn porosity P to exclude error caused by structural variability. The final virtual fabric contact angle is predicted reflecting the effect of nano-roughness, which is validated by comparing the predicted contact angle with a physical sample having identical geometries. The contact angle of any fabric can be predicted using structural simulation, given the alkaline treatment conditions are adjusted according to the unique geometry of each fabric to express superhydrophobicity. Moreover, even for samples with low predictive contact angles, superhydrophobicity can be achieved by maximizing the effect of the nanostructure through strong alkaline treatment. An ISO 5 water repellency is achieved for all large-area polyester fabrics.
Relationships between fungal diversity and fruit quality of Yuluxiang pear during low temperature storage

Postharvest decay is an urgent problem that affects the storage of pears. Low temperature storage is one of the most important methods to reduce the prevalence of fruit diseases during storage. In this study, the microbial diversity of postharvest Yuluxiang pear (Pyrus × michauxii “Yu Lu Xiang”) fruits stored at low temperature for different lengths of times was analyzed. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the composition and diversity of fungal communities. The results showed that the fungi within fruit were classified into 6 phyla, 18 classes, 40 orders, 72 families, and 92 genera based on the 97% sequence similarity level. They belonged to 6 phyla, 18 classes, 40 orders, 72 families, and 92 genera. The highest richness of fungi was obtained after 30 d of treatment. The β-diversity index showed that the fungal community composition of these fruit was significantly different at the beginning of storage compared with the different timepoints of samples at low temperature during storage. The comparison of fungal composition at the phylum level indicated that Ascomycota was dominant in the different timepoints of samples at low temperature, while Alternaria was the primary fungus at the genus level. A correlation analysis was used to further explore the correlation between fungi and fruit firmness, titratable acid, and solid soluble contents at low temperatures during storage. Aureobasidium and Didymella positively correlated with the soluble solids and hardness. Phoma positively correlated with the titratable acid, and Aspergillus positively correlated with titratable acid and hardness. This study can guide the industrial production of Yulu pear and also provide a theoretical basis to prevent and control diseases during the storage period of Yulu pear.
Feasibility verification of reducing the total sound pressure level of multiple cooling fans for fuel cell vehicle

ABSTRACT The high-power operation or generation in fuel cell vehicle (FCV) generates massive heat in the powertrain. Multiple cooling fans are used to ensure the heat dissipation requirement, causing severe fan noise problems. This study aims to analyze the noise characteristics of multiple cooling fans. Hence, the feasibility of reducing the total sound pressure level is verified by cooling fan control strategy. A numerical calculation model of multiple cooling fans is established for the entire vehicle’s internal and external sound fields. Then, this numerical calculation model is verified using experiments. The contribution of multiple cooling fans to the total noise in FCV is analyzed under the same duty cycle of fan. The selection method of cooling fan control strategy is proposed, and the feasibility of reducing noise is verified under three different working conditions. In parking charging working conditions, the total sound pressure level near the driver’s ear decreases by 0.6, 1.9, and 2.8 dBA, respectively. In idling conditions, the total sound pressure level near the driver’s ear decreases by 0.4, 1.6, and 2.4 dBA, respectively. In constant speed working conditions, the total sound pressure level near the driver’s ear decreases by 0.6, 2.2, and 3.1 dBA, respectively.
Incorporation of a fluoroscopic X-ray modality in a small animal imaging system

The authors have developed a multimodality system for imaging the biodistribution of biologically interesting ligands tagged with /sup 125/I. By incorporating a small fluoroscope as an additional modality, they have enhanced their small animal nuclear imaging system to include both X-rays and images from two Hamamatsu R3292 5" diameter position sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMT) viewing pixelated scintillators with image co-registration of 1.5 mm or better. Collimators placed between the animal and the scintillators can easily be interchanged and include CuBe parallel-hole collimators with a range of resolution and sensitivity combinations. The small X-ray fluoroscope provides 5 cm diameter images, several of which can readily be combined to provide structural anatomical information from the animal under study. The system has been tested by comparing the uptake of /sup 125/I (in NaI) in control mice and mice previously fed a solution of KI (potassium iodide) designed specifically to block uptake of the radiolabeled iodine in the thyroid. This system not only provides an effective approach for the analysis of KI dose and toxicity issues but also allows for detection of individual variation in animals, an important issue in contemporary pharmacology and genomics.
ON THE RATIO OF EXTINCTION TO REDDENING FOR INTERSTELLAR MATTER USING GALAXIES. I. A LIMIT ON THE NEUTRAL EXTINCTION FROM PHOTOMETRY OF THE 3C 129 GROUP.

The ratio of total extinction to reddening of interstellar matter has been determined by a method applied to galaxies in the highly obscured 3C 129 and 3C 129.1 group. The difference between the observed magnitude of the first-ranked group member and the magnitude calculated from the redshift-apparent magnitude diagram (at the known redshift of the group) is the total extinction to within the dispersion in magnitude that applies to the first-ranked cluster member. Comparison of the observed color with the known intrinsic color of giant E galaxies gives the color excess and, therefore, the ratio of total extinction to reddening. Photometry of the 3C 129 group gives a ratio of 3.72 plus or minus 0.32; correction for the finite bandwidth of the BV system gives a ratio (O-star base) of 3.35 plus or minus 0.29. Comparison with the ratio determined from the color-difference method gives a limit for the fraction of neutral-to-selective extinction which is a null result to within the statistics. Hence, no neutral extinction has been detected at the one-sigma level of the experiment. Use of the method on many additional groups of galaxies is expected to reduce the error of this limit substantially.
Promoting Occupancy Detection Accuracy Using On-Device Lifelong Learning

Our recently developed synchronized low-energy electronically chopped passive infrared (SLEEPIR) sensor node enables the stationary occupancy detection capability of traditional passive infrared (PIR) sensors. A machine learning (ML) algorithm reports occupancy based on a locally collected dataset from the sensor node. Though promising, the ML algorithm’s detection accuracy depends on the diversity of the collected dataset—provided that the dataset contains a wide variety of infrared (IR) noise and occupancy patterns. Thus, it is challenging to train a universal ML model that contains all possible patterns. We propose an efficient ${K}$ -nearest neighbor (KNN) occupancy classifier that incrementally adapts to the novel data from the sensor. The proposed algorithm ensures that only the relevant noise and occupancy patterns are learned. The fact that training observations are gathered on the same sensor node where the inference is made keeps the proposed classifier accurate even with the bounded size of the dataset. A small dataset and an architecture like KNN both enable the training and inference to be executed on a resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) device. Thus, the proposed on-device lifelong learning (ODLL) approach eliminates the need for over-the-cloud ML model updates. The dataset was collected for two distinct floorplans over two months. Results indicate an average occupancy accuracy improvement of 20.8% compared to a statically trained long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The proposed KNN model delivers comparable detection accuracy while remaining orders of magnitude faster in terms of computational performance when compared to the LSTM-based occupancy detection algorithm.
Enhancement of the Voltage Control Response in Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters With Small DC Capacitors

In the case of photovoltaic (PV) inverters, an adequate dc voltage regulation is fundamental to maximize or limit the power injected into the grid. However, the traditional control requires a large dc capacitance to ensure stability in the whole operating range while the existing alternatives, despite achieving a stable control with a small capacitance, become too slow in the open-circuit area. This paper proposes two control methods to improve this performance. Firstly, a new voltage control with virtual impedance emulation is presented, showing that the response becomes faster in all operating points. Secondly, the control with impedance emulation is combined with a feed-forward compensation, further improving the dynamic response. Both methods are very simple to implement and their superior performance when using a small dc capacitance is verified by means of simulation results.
Sulfonamidoboronic Acids as “Cross-Class” Inhibitors of an Expanded-Spectrum Class C Cephalosporinase, ADC-33, and a Class D Carbapenemase, OXA-24/40: Strategic Compound Design to Combat Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative organism listed as an urgent threat pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB), especially, present therapeutic challenges due to complex mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams. One of the most important mechanisms is the production of β-lactamase enzymes capable of hydrolyzing β-lactam antibiotics. Co-expression of multiple classes of β-lactamases is present in CRAB; therefore, the design and synthesis of “cross-class” inhibitors is an important strategy to preserve the efficacy of currently available antibiotics. To identify new, nonclassical β-lactamase inhibitors, we previously identified a sulfonamidomethaneboronic acid CR167 active against Acinetobacter-derived class C β-lactamases (ADC-7). The compound demonstrated affinity for ADC-7 with a Ki = 160 nM and proved to be able to decrease MIC values of ceftazidime and cefotaxime in different bacterial strains. Herein, we describe the activity of CR167 against other β-lactamases in A. baumannii: the cefepime-hydrolysing class C extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESAC) ADC-33 and the carbapenem-hydrolyzing OXA-24/40 (class D). These investigations demonstrate CR167 as a valuable cross-class (C and D) inhibitor, and the paper describes our attempts to further improve its activity. Five chiral analogues of CR167 were rationally designed and synthesized. The structures of OXA-24/40 and ADC-33 in complex with CR167 and select chiral analogues were obtained. The structure activity relationships (SARs) are highlighted, offering insights into the main determinants for cross-class C/D inhibitors and impetus for novel drug design.
Conditional Entropic Approach to Nonequilibrium Complex Systems with Weak Fluctuation Correlation

A conditional entropic approach is discussed for nonequilibrium complex systems with a weak correlation between spatiotemporally fluctuating quantities on a large time scale. The weak correlation is found to constitute the fluctuation distribution that maximizes the entropy associated with the conditional fluctuations. The approach is illustrated in diffusion phenomenon of proteins inside bacteria. A further possible illustration is also presented for membraneless organelles in embryos and beads in cell extracts, which share common natures of fluctuations in their diffusion.
Low-Cost Online Partial Discharge Monitoring System for Power Transformers

The article presents in detail the construction of a low-cost, portable online PD monitoring system based on the acoustic emission (AE) technique. A highly sensitive piezoelectric transducer was used as the PD detector, whose frequency response characteristics were optimized to the frequency of AE waves generated by discharges in oil–paper insulation. The popular and inexpensive Teensy 3.2 development board featuring a 32-bit MK20DX256 microcontroller with the ARM Cortex-M4 core was used to count the AE pulses. The advantage of the system is its small dimensions and weight, easy and quick installation on the transformer tank, storage of measurement data on a memory card, battery power supply, and immediate readiness for operation without the need to configure. This system may contribute to promoting the idea of short-term (several days or weeks) PD monitoring, especially in developing countries where, with the dynamically growing demand for electricity, the need for inexpensive transformer diagnostics systems is also increasing. Another area of application is medium-power transformers (up to 100 MVA), where temporary PD monitoring using complex measurement systems requiring additional infrastructure (e.g., control cabinet, cable ducts for power supply, and data transmission) and qualified staff is economically unjustified.
A Method to Find the Membership Functions of Maximum and Minimum of Fuzzy Numbers

In this paper, a new approach for computation of membership functions of the maximum and minimum of more than two upper semi-continuous fuzzy numbers has been introduced. This method is also applicable for piece-wise continuous fuzzy numbers or the fuzzy numbers which are only continuous from right or only continuous from left. The core of fuzzy numbers should have a singleton set. Keywords: Continuous fuzzy number; piece-wise continuous fuzzy number; Maximum (MAX) and Minimum (MIN) of fuzzy number; core; α-cut; bounded increasing and bounded decreasing functions; membership function. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 30 (2010) 89-99 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/ganit.v30i0. 8506
Overall equipment effectiveness as a metric for assessing operational losses in wind farms: a critical review of literature

ABSTRACT To become more competitive, less dependent on financial support and more attractive for investors, wind energy needs to reduce its final cost of energy. According to Levelized Cost of Energy, there are two ways to achieve this goal, by reducing costs or increasing production. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a widely used metric in manufacturing systems, supporting operators to enhance productivity by reducing operational losses. Therefore, this study aims to perform a qualitative literature review of the main operational losses following the OEE metric, namely availability, performance and quality, adjusting it to wind energy systems. Introduction of this metric can be a valuable tool towards an integrated indicator linking production and losses, allowing comparison between assets deployed in different settings.
Image analysis via the general theory of moments

Two-dimensional image moments with respect to Zernike polynomials are defined, and it is shown how to construct an arbitrarily large number of independent, algebraic combinations of Zernike moments that are invariant to image translation, orientation, and size. This approach is contrasted with the usual method of moments. The general problem of two-dimensional pattern recognition and three-dimensional object recognition is discussed within this framework. A unique reconstruction of an image in either real space or Fourier space is given in terms of a finite number of moments. Examples of applications of the method are given. A coding scheme for image storage and retrieval is discussed.
Solution of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation in an arbitrary periodic potential

A new approach is presented for one-dimensional band structure calculation in which a periodic potential is approximated by a sequence of constant height segments. The overall condition for allowed energy bands reduces to the fundamental inequality -2 ≤ Tr Π ≤ 2 where Π is the product of a chain of 2 × 2 matrices with one matrix pertinent to each segment of a period. This leads to a straightforward computational procedure that does not require an exposure to the conventional methods of solid state theory. For an arbitrarily shaped potential the precision of our resulting band structure depends on only the number of segments chosen.
The Expression Pattern of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs in Adult Drosophila and the Function of tRF-Trp-CCA-014-H3C4 Network Analysis

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are derived from tRNA and include tRNA halves (tiRNAs) and tRNA fragments (tRFs). tsRNAs have been implicated in a variety of important biological functions, such as cell growth, transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis. Emerging evidence has shown that Ago1-guided and Ago2-guided tsRNAs are expressed at 3 and 30 days in Drosophila and that tRF biogenesis in fruit flies affects tRNA processing and tRNA methylation. However, a wide analysis of tsRNA patterns in different ages of Drosophila have not been reported via the small RNA sequencing method. In the present study, tsRNAs of young (7 days) and old (42 days) Drosophila were sequenced and their expression characteristics were analysed. Then, a specific tRF (named tRF-Trp-CCA-014) was determined and was found to be conserved in fruit flies, mice, and humans. The expression patterns of tRF-Trp-CCA-014 in different tissues and stages of fruit flies and mice, and mouse NIH/3T3 cells were detected. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells were used as a model to analyse the function and targets of tRF-Trp-CCA-014. The RNA-seq data of six groups (Mimics, Mimic NC, Inhibitors, Inhibitor NC, Aging (adriamycin), and Control (Normal)) in mouse NIH3T3 cells were analysed. The results showed that the number of tsRNAs at 42 days (417) was more than at 7 days (288); thus, it was enriched with age. tRFs-1 were the most enriched, followed by 5′-tRFs and 3′-tRFs. Twenty-one differentially expressed tsRNAs were identified between 7 days and 42 days. Then, the conserved tRF tRF-Trp-CCA-014 was identified and found to accumulate in aged fruit flies and aged mouse NIH3T3 cells. RNA-seq data showed that most differentially expressed genes were involved in the immune system, cancer: overview, and signal translation. Furthermore, tRF-Trp-CCA-014 was found to bind to the 3′UTR of H3C4 in a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. tRF-Trp-CCA-014 and H3C4 were detected in the cytoplasm of aged NIH3T3 cells by RNA in situ hybridization. These results suggest that the H3C4 gene is the target of tRF-Trp-CCA-014. This study will advance the current understanding of tRF roles and their implication in Drosophila and mouse studies.
The Development of Preschool Students Algebraic Thinking Skills A Case Study Approach

Basic mathematical skills which are significant for furthere ducation levels and also for being successful in real life are gained during early childhood education period. This study was done in Agriprovince with four preschool students in repeating, growing and relational patterns to analyse their algebraic thinking skills. In this case study approach, criterion sampling method was used. With respect to looking for pattern, identifying and defining patterns and generalising patterns steps of algebraic thinking skill, findings indicated that participants, who didn’t have experience in growing patterns in their previous lessons, were more successful in the sepatterns than repeating patterns they had experienced.
Attribution and regression analysis based on data of COVID-19 and character strengths

COVID-19's impact has continued in many sectors and has had a substantial impact on people's lives from 2019 until the present. During this period, human beings in many places experienced a long period of isolation, with or without symptoms. Aside from physical healing, increasing emphasis has been placed on the psychological This paper mainly investigates the relationship between self-efficacy and the personality of isolated people during this period. The multiple linear regression and random forest method were used to find the variables that had a significant impact on self-efficacy. According to the analysis, there is a negative correlation between self-energy efficiency and mental health and depression ratings, In the regression analysis, the influence of hope, choice of beauty, and zest are significant. Based on the random forest model, hope, zest, gradient, and persistence have significant effects on self-efficacy. These results shed light on providing help to those who need it more when the large-scale isolation policy is understaffed.