Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ADHD subtypes and comorbid anxiety, depression, and oppositional-defiant disorder: differences in sleep problems.

OBJECTIVE Sleep problems were analyzed in children with ADHD (Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). METHODS Scales were completed by parents of 135 control children and 681 children with ADHD combined type (ADHD-C) or inattentive type (ADHD-I) with or without comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), anxiety, or depression. RESULTS Children with ADHD-I alone had the fewest sleep problems and did not differ from controls. Children with ADHD-C had more sleep problems than controls and children with ADHD-I. Comorbid anxiety/depression increased sleep problems, whereas ODD did not. Daytime sleepiness was greatest in ADHD-I and was associated with sleeping more (not less) than normal. Medicated children had greater difficulty falling asleep than unmedicated children. CONCLUSIONS Differences in sleep problems were found as a function of ADHD subtype, comorbidity, and medication.
Superintendents’ Roles in Curriculum Development and Instructional Leadership: Instructional Visionaries, Collaborators, Supporters, and Delegators

The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a survey study of superintendents’ work in the areas of curriculum development and instructional leadership. Four primary instructional leadership roles are identified: 1) instructional visionary, 2) instructional collaborator, 3) instructional supporter, and 4) instructional delegator. Further analyses revealed significant differences among instructional leader types in work role priorities, use of time, and in their descriptions of the expectations others had for them in the areas of curriculum development and instructional leadership.
Risk of aborted cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death during adolescence in the long-QT syndrome.

CONTEXT Analysis of predictors of cardiac events in hereditary long-QT syndrome (LQTS) has primarily considered syncope as the predominant end point. Risk factors specific for aborted cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with aborted cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death during adolescence in patients with clinically suspected LQTS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The study involved 2772 participants from the International Long QT Syndrome Registry who were alive at age 10 years and were followed up during adolescence until age 20 years. The registry enrollment began in 1979 at 5 cardiology centers in the United States and Europe. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Aborted cardiac arrest or LQTS-related sudden cardiac death; follow-up ended on February 15, 2005. RESULTS There were 81 patients who experienced aborted cardiac arrest and 45 who had sudden cardiac death; 9 of the 81 patients who had an aborted cardiac arrest event experienced subsequent sudden cardiac death. Significant independent predictors of aborted cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death during adolescence included recent syncope, QTc interval, and sex. Compared with those with no syncopal events in the last 10 years, patients with 1 or 2 or more episodes of syncope 2 to 10 years ago (but none in the last 2 years) had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.7; (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-5.7; P<.01) and an adjusted HR of 5.8 (95% CI, 3.6-9.4; P<.001), respectively, for life-threatening events; those with 1 syncopal episodes in the last 2 years had an adjusted HR of 11.7 (95% CI, 7.0-19.5; P<.001) and those with 2 or more syncopal episodes in the last 2 years had an adjusted HR of 18.1 (95% CI, 10.4-31.2; P<.001). Irrespective of events occurring more than 2 years ago, QTc of 530 ms or longer was associated with increased risk (adjusted HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6-3.3; P<.001) compared with those having a shorter QTc. Males between the ages of 10 and 12 years had higher risk than females (HR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.8-9.2; P = .001), but there was no significant risk difference between males and females between the ages of 13 and 20 years. Among individuals with syncope in the past 2 years, beta-blocker therapy was associated with a 64% reduced risk (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.72; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS In LQTS, the timing and frequency of syncope, QTc prolongation, and sex were predictive of risk for aborted cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death during adolescence. Among patients with recent syncope, beta-blocker treatment was associated with reduced risk.
Hazel Rose Markus Support for the Public Good The Unanticipated Interpersonal and Societal Consequences of Choice : Victim Blaming and Reduced

Choice makes North Americans feel more in control, free, and independent, and thus has many positive consequences for individuals’ motivation and well-being. We report five studies that uncovered novel consequences of choice for public policy and interpersonal judgments. Studies 1 through 3 found that activating the concept of choice decreases support for policies promoting intergroup equality (e.g., affirmative action) and societal benefits (e.g., reducing environmental pollution), but increases support for policies promoting individual rights (e.g., legalizing drugs). Studies 4 and 5 found that activating the concept of choice increases victim blaming and decreases empathy for disadvantaged people. Study 5 found that choice does not decrease Indians’ empathy for disadvantaged individuals, indicating that the social and interpersonal consequences of choice are likely culture-specific. This research suggests that the well-known positive effects of choice for individuals can be accompanied by an array of previously unexamined and potentially negative outcomes for other people and for society.
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Prediction of Calorific Value Based on the Analysis of U.S. Coals

Coal is a chemically and physically heterogeneous and combustible substance that consists of both organic and inorganic compounds. It currently is a major energy source worldwide, especially among many developing countries, and will continue to be so for many years (Miller, 2005). The chemical analysis of coal includes proximate and ultimate analyses. The proximate analysis gives the relative amounts of moisture, volatile matter, and ash, as well as the fixed carbon content of the coal. The ultimate or elemental analysis gives the amounts of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen in the coal (Miller, 2005). The measure of the amount of energy that a given quantity of coal will produce when burned is kown as calorific value or heating value. Heating value is a rank parameter and a complex function of the elemental composition of the coal, but it is also dependent on the maceral and mineral composition (Hower and Eble, 1996). It can be determined experimentally using a calorimeter. Many equations have been developed for the estimation of gross calorific value (GCV) based on proximate analysis and/or ultimate analysis (Mason and Gandhi, 1983; Mesroghli et al., 2009; Given et al., 1986; Parikh et al., 2005; Custer, 1951; Spooner, 1951; Mazumdar, 1954; Channiwala and Parikh, 2002; Majumder et al., 2008). Regression analyses and data for 775 U.S. coal samples (with less than 30% dry ash) were used by Mason and Gandhi (1983) to develop an empirical equation that estimates the calorific value (CV) of coal based on its C, H, S, and ash contents (all on dry basis). Their empirical equation, expressed in SI units, is:
The Gaussian PRM Sampling for Dynamic Configuration Spaces

Probabilistic roadmap planners (PRMs) are widely used in high dimensional motion planning problems. However, they are less effective in solving narrow passages because feasible configurations in a thin space can rarely be sampled by random. Although some approaches have been proposed, they are either involved in complicated geometrical computations or requiring much information of obstacles. Moreover, if the configuration spaces are dynamic instead of fixed, some solutions may be failure in some unexpected situations. In this work, we provide a novel approach to replace the randomized sampler with the Gaussian PRM sampler. For dynamic configuration spaces, we also invite a machine learning technique to dynamically classify the pre-built samplers for different spaces
Optimal Model-Based 6-D Object Pose Estimation With Structured-Light Depth Sensors

Structured-light (SL) depth sensors are widely used because of their simplicity in design and ability to process depth data with minimal computational expense. Certain SL light coding methods can, however, lead to a loss of information, as well as inhomogeneous depth errors that depend on the composition and properties of the scene. This results in a reduction of potential accuracy for model-based pose estimation methods that operate on the depth images or subsequently transformed three-dimensional point clouds, such as the popular class of point set registration (PSR) methods. We therefore formulate an asymptotically optimal maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method that operates directly on the raw SL infrared (IR) images. The proposed SLIR-MLE method maximizes the likelihood of the measured IR image over the pose region given the object model, sensor model, and calibrated speckle and thermal noise distributions. We also formulate a method to compute the Fisher information contained in the IR image and resulting Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) of any unbiased pose estimator for unique SL sensor measurement data. SLIR-MLE is shown to nearly achieve the calculated CRB for the Kinect sensor by operating on the more informative raw IR images. Furthermore, our method is shown to outperform two cutting edge PSR methods by an order of magnitude in the respective mean square errors.
Rotation at 1122 Hz and the neutron star structure

Aims. Recent observations of XTE J1739-285 suggest that it contains a neutron star rotating at 1122 Hz. Such rotation imposes bounds on the structure of neutron star in XTE J1739-285. These bounds may be used to constrain poorly known equation of state of dense matter at densities ${\ga} 10^{15}~{\rm g~cm^{-3}}$. Methods. One-parameter families of stationary configurations rotating rigidly at 1122 Hz are constructed, using a precise 2D code solving Einstein equations. Hydrostatic equilibrium solutions are tested for stability with respect to axi-symmetric perturbations. A set of ten diverse EOSs of neutron stars is considered. Hypothetical strange stars are also studied. Results. For each EOS, the family of possible neutron star models is limited by the mass shedding limit, corresponding to maximum allowed equatorial radius, $R_{\rm max}$, and by the instability with respect to the axi-symmetric perturbations, reached at the minimum allowed equatorial radius, R min . We get $R_{\rm min}\simeq 10{-}13$ km, and $R_{\rm max}\simeq 16{-}18$ km, with allowed mass $1.4{-}2.3~M_\odot$. Allowed stars with hyperonic or exotic-phase core are supramassive and have a very narrow mass range. Quark star with accreted crust might be allowed, provided such a model is able to reproduce X-ray bursts from XTE J1739-285.
Results of improvement in adequacy of intermittent hemodialysis in uremic patients.

PURPOSE Increasing number of patients, who need intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), is a great challenge for every society. The aim of study is to look if small increase in IHD adequacy is able to improve standard medical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 40 patients, Kt/V was monitored on-line during the middle IHD session in the week, 4 times in each of 6 consecutive months. In the first month of observation Kt/V was lower (1.09 +/- 0.02) than in the further months, in which Kt/V was increasing to 1.17 +/- 0.01. Blood count was estimated every month. At the beginning of study period, after 3 months and at the end of studies, dry body mass, body mass index (BMI), the blood pH and serum concentration of calcium, phosphate, intact parathormone (iPTH), total protein, albumin, cholesterol, iron, ferritin, urea and creatinine were determined. RESULTS The increase in Kt/V was accompanied by rising values of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume, iron, blood pH before and after IHD session as well as by decreasing values of PTH. Statistically unchanged parameters included dry body mass, BMI, serum concentration of total protein, phosphate, cholesterol and ferritin as well as white blood cells and platelet count. There were correlations between Kt/V and serum concentrations of phosphate, PTH, ferritin, Hb and Hct, indicating that higher IHD doses were provided to patients in more advanced uremic state. CONCLUSIONS Even small increase in IHD adequacy leads to beneficial changes in management of uremic patients.
Does ocean acidification induce an upward flux of marine aggregates

Abstract. The absorption of anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by the ocean provokes its acidification. This acidification may alter several oceanic processes, including the export of biogenic carbon from the upper layer of the ocean, hence providing a feedback on rising atmospheric carbon concentrations. The effect of seawater acidification on transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) driven aggregation and sedimentation processes were investigated by studying the interactions between latex beads and TEP precursors collected in the lagoon of New Caledonia. A suspension of TEP and beads was prepared and the formation of mixed aggregates was monitored as a function of pH under increasing turbulence intensities. The pH was controlled by addition of sulfuric acid. Aggregation and sedimentation processes driven by TEP were drastically reduced when the pH of seawater decreases within the expected limits imposed by increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In addition to the diminution of TEP sticking properties, the diminution of seawater pH led to a significant increase of the TEP pool, most likely due to swollen structures. A diminution of seawater pH by 0.2 units or more led to a stop or a reversal of the downward flux of particles. If applicable to oceanic conditions, the sedimentation of marine aggregates may slow down or even stop as the pH decreases, and the vertical flux of organic carbon may reverse. This would enhance both rising atmospheric carbon and ocean acidification.
INFLATIONARY DYNAMICS OF EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS OF BANGLADESHI TAKA: COINTEGRATION AND VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION ANALYSIS

This paper addresses inflationary dynamics of exchange rate movements of Bangladeshi taka in a multivariate setting. The author finds evidence of cointegration among the time series variables and hence vector error correction models are esti mated to explore the short-run behavior under the postulated relationship. Causality and dynamic simulations are done to visualize the interactions among the variables. The study finds that currency depreciation is inflationary in the context of Bangladesh in the long run. The policy response that arises from the analysis is that monetary authority of Bangladesh should take care in devaluing currency as devaluation stimu lates an inflationary impulse that reverberates throughout the economy. JEL classification: E 31, F 41.
Usability Study of a Wireless Monitoring System among Alzheimer's Disease Elderly Population

Healthcare technologies are slowly entering into our daily lives, replacing old devices and techniques with newer intelligent ones. Although they are meant to help people, the reaction and willingness to use such new devices by the people can be unexpected, especially among the elderly. We conducted a usability study of a fall monitoring system in a long-term nursing home. The subjects were the elderly with advanced Alzheimer's disease. The study presented here highlights some of the challenges faced in the use of wearable devices and the lessons learned. The results gave us useful insights, leading to ergonomics and aesthetics modifications to our wearable systems that significantly improved their usability and acceptance. New evaluating metrics were designed for the performance evaluation of usability and acceptability.
Fisheries management in crisis

Preface. Contributors. Introduction. 1. Fishing in Troubled Waters (David Symes). I. THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF FISHERIES POLICY. 2. Social Considerations in Fisheries Planning and Management -- Real Objectives or a Defence of the Status Quo (Bjorn Hersoug). 3. Social Objectives as Social Contracts in a Turbulent Economy (A.ge Mariussen). 4. Community Fishing or Fishing Communities (Audun Sandberg). II. ALTERNATIVE PROPERTY RIGHTS SYSTEMS. 5. Property Rights and Practical Knowledge: The Icelandic Quota System Gisli Palsson and Agnar Helgason). 6. Trade in Fishing Rights in the Netherlands: A Maritime Environment Market (Ellen Hoefnagel). 7. Marine Management in Coastal Japan (Arne Kalland). III. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT. 8. Social Adaptations to a Fluctuating Resource (Torben Vestergaard). 9. Ancient Institutions Confronting Change: The Catalan Fishermen's Cofradias (Juan--Luis Alegret). 10. Leviathan Management or Customary Administration: The Search for New Institutional Arrangements (Serge Collet). 11. Management and Practice in the Small--Scale Inshore Fisheries of the French Mediterranean (Annie--Helene Dufour). IV. LOCAL AND REGIONAL DIMENSIONS OF FISHERIES POLICY. 12. Fisherman Households and Fishing Communities in Greece: A Case Study of Nea Michaniona (Katia Frangoudes). 13. The Breton Fishing Crisis in the 1990s: Local Society in the Throes of Enforced Change (Genevieve Delbos and Gerard Premel). 14. Regional Concepts in the Development of the Common Fisheries Policy: The Case of the Atlantic Arc (Mark Wise). 15. Adapting to the CFP? Globality and New Possibilities for the Faroese Fishing Industry (Jogvan Morkore). V. FISHERIES IN A GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEM. 16. The European Fishing Industry: Deregulation and the Market (Peter Friis). 17. The Geopolitics of Fish: The Case of the North Atlantic (A-rn D. Jonsson). Conclusion. 18. Sailing into Calmer Waters (Kevin Crean and David Symes). Bibliography. Index.
No Deaths Associated with Patient Refusal of Transport After Naloxone-Reversed Opioid Overdose

Abstract Introduction. Naloxone is widely used in the treatment and reversal of opioid overdose. Most emergency medical services (EMS) systems administer naloxone by standing order, and titrate only to reverse respiratory depression without fully reversing sedation. Some EMS systems routinely administer sufficient naloxone to fully reverse the effects of opioid overdose. Frequently patients refuse further medical evaluation or intervention, including transport. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of this practice and determine whether increased mortality is associated with full reversal of opioids. As a component of a comprehensive quality assurance initiative, we assessed mortality during the 48 hours after patients received naloxone to reverse opioid overdose followed by patient-initiated refusal of transportation. Methods. The setting was a large urban fire-based EMS system. Investigators provided the Bexar County Medical Examiner's Office (MEO) with a list of patients who were treated by the San Antonio Fire Department with naloxone, and not transported. Inclusion criteria were administration of naloxone and patient-initiated refusal. Patient dispositions also included aid only, referral to the MEO, or referral to law enforcement. The list was then compared with the MEO database. A chart review was completed on all patients treated and subsequently presented to the MEO within two days. A secondary time period of 30 days was also assessed. Results. The list identified 592 patients treated with naloxone and not transported to the emergency department. Five-hundred fifty-two patients received naloxone and refused transport or were not transported. The remaining 40 patients all presented to EMS in cardiac arrest, naloxone was administered during the course of resuscitation, and subsequent efforts were terminated in the field. None of the patients receiving naloxone with a subsequent patient-initiated refusal were examined at the MEO within the two-day end point. The 30-day assessment revealed that nine individuals were treated with naloxone and subsequently died, but the shortest time interval between date of service and date of death was four days. Conclusion. The primary outcome was that no patients who were treated with naloxone for opioid overdose and then refused care were examined by the MEO within a 48-hour time frame.
The dynamics of calcium ion in FCM model

Calcium ion plays a critical role in the neurons and has been the subject of numerous experimental measurements and mechanism studies. The dynamics of calcium ion, especially the computation models, will provide quantitative insights into the neuron signaling. FCM model is a widely used retinal ganglion cells model with five channels including sodium channels, calcium channels, and three types of potassium channels namely the A type, Ca-activated potassium, and the delayed rectifier. Aimed to make retinal prostheses which can help the blind man to recover sight, the effects of calcium ion in FCM model on the calcium channel potential and on the calcium-activated potassium potential were studied. With MATLAB software, calcium current of FCM model was numerically computed with backward Euler methods, and FCM model was simulated in absence of either Ca-current(ICa) or Ca-activated potassium current(IK,Ca). The model was also analyzed with phase plane method. The results indicated that the relationship curve between the peak calcium current and clamped potentials was an inverted bell shape, and both calcium current and Ca-activated potassium current increased the frequency of firing and the peak of membrane potential. Calcium concentration played an important role in control the frequency of the ganglion cell spikes and the magnitude of peak membrane voltage.
A low-absorption disk zone at low Galactic latitude in Centaurus

We investigate the properties of two stellar concentrations in a low-absorption disk zone in Centaurus, located respec- tively at � = 306.47 ◦ , b = −0.61 ◦ ,a nd� = 307.01 ◦ , b = −0.74 ◦ . The present analysis is based mostly on 2MASS photometry, as well as optical photometry. Based on colour-magnitude diagrams and stellar radial density profiles, we show that these con- centrations are not open star clusters. Instead, they appear to be field stars seen through a differentially-reddened window. We estimate that the bulk of the stars in both stellar concentrations is located at ∼1.5 kpc from the Sun, a distance consistent with that of the Sgr-Car arm in that direction. This low-absorption window allows one to probe into distant parts of the disk besides the Sgr-Car arm, probably the tangent part of the Sct-Cru arm, and/or the far side of the Sgr-Car arm in that direction. The main sequence associated to the Sgr-Car arm is reddened by E(B − V) ∼ 0.5, so that this window through the disk is comparable in reddening to Baade's window to the bulge. We also investigate the nature of the open cluster candidate Ru 166. The presently available data do not allow us to conclude whether Ru 166 is an actual open cluster or field stars seen through a small-scale low-absorption window.