Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
alto: a link‐time optimizer for the Compaq Alpha

Traditional optimizing compilers are limited in the scope of their optimizations by the fact that only a single function, or possibly a single module, is available for analysis and optimization. In particular, this means that library routines cannot be optimized to specific calling contexts. Other optimization opportunities, exploiting information not available before link time, such as addresses of variables and the final code layout, are often ignored because linkers are traditionally unsophisticated. A possible solution is to carry out whole‐program optimization at link time. This paper describes alto, a link‐time optimizer for the Compaq Alpha architecture. It is able to realize significant performance improvements even for programs compiled with a good optimizing compiler with a high level of optimization. The resulting code is considerably faster than that obtained using the OM link‐time optimizer, even when the latter is used in conjunction with profile‐guided and inter‐file compile‐time optimizations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anagrams for String Database Anonymity

In this paper we focus on the privacy preserving publication of string data. String data are common to variety of application fields ranging from biological data (with DNA and RNA sequences) to web logs, where users’ sessions are modeled as sequences of user actions. The existence of structural information in each record, i.e. the sequence of terms, renders the problem of anonymizing collections of string data significantly harder than related problems, as the anonymization of set values. Applying well known taxonomybased generalization techniques results to large reduction in the information quality of the anonymized dataset, specially when the alphabet of the dataset is relatively small. To overcome the limitations of value generalization based methods we propose to also generalize structure. We inject anagrams into strings by partially relaxing the order between items. This operation can preserve better the information quality of the anonymized dataset and the anonymized data remain useful for order-sensitive similarity queries and frequent substring mining. In addition to our basic algorithm that anonymizes collections of strings using both value generalization and order relaxation, we propose another algorithm that protects against reverse engineering approaches, i.e., structural minimality attacks. Experimental results suggest that using anagrams is effective; it can significantly reduce the information loss due to generalization by adding very small structural deformation to strings.
Loss-minimizing control of synchronous reluctance motors — A review

This paper reviews state-of-the-art loss-minimizing control strategies for synchronous reluctance motors. Methods can be categorized as loss-model controllers (LMCs) and search controllers (SCs). For LMCs, different loss models and the corresponding optimal solutions are summarized. The effects of the core losses and magnetic saturation on the optimal stator current are investigated; magnetic saturation is a more important factor than the core losses. For SCs, different search algorithms are presented and compared. The SCs are evaluated based on their convergence speed, parameter sensitivity, accuracy, and the torque ripple caused by the search process.
Bmc Cancer

A meta-analysis of hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy and combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens in unresected locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck Abstract Background: Former meta-analyses have shown a survival benefit for the addition of chemotherapy (CHX) to radiotherapy (RT) and to some extent also for the use of hyperfractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) and accelerated radiation therapy (AFRT) in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. However, the publication of new studies and the fact that many older studies that were included in these former meta-analyses used obsolete radiation doses, CHX schedules or study designs prompted us to carry out a new analysis using strict inclusion criteria.
Leader-Following Formation Tracking Control of Mobile Robots Without Direct Position Measurements

Most existing formation control approaches assume that accurate global or local position measurements of the robots are directly available, without giving details about how to obtain these measurements, or only providing Kalman filter-type estimators to get them without considering effects of the estimation on the closed-loop system stability. Hence, developing formation controllers with position estimators that can guarantee overall closed-loop system stability becomes highly desirable. This technical note presents a new formation tracking controller for the nonholonomic mobile robots without using direct position measurements. To deal with the absence of accurate position measurements, feedback information from a perspective camera, the odometry and Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) sensors is used to design an observer to provide online estimates of the relative position of the follower with respect to the leader. Using Lyapunov stability analysis, we show that the combined observer-controller closed-loop system is stable, and both the formation tracking errors and the relative position estimation errors asymptotically converge to zero. The performance of the proposed scheme is illustrated through experimental results.
Testing of Component-Based Systems

In this paper, we pursue our works on generic modeling and testing of component-based systems. Here, we extend our conformance testing theory to the testing of component-based systems. We first show that testing a global system can be done by testing its components thanks to the projection of global behaviors onto local ones. Secondly, based on our projection techniques, we define a framework to build adequate test purposes automatically for testing components in the context of the global system where they are plugged in. The basic idea is to identify from any trace try of the global system, the trace of any component involved in tr. Those projected traces can be then seen as test cases that should be tested on individual components.
De-Novo IgA Nephropathy and Cyclosporine Toxicity After Heart Transplantation

Introduction IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of glomerulonephritis (GN) accounting for about 15%–20% of all GNs in Europe and 30%–40% in Japan but is less often observed in North-America (1,2). The diagnostic hallmark of IgAN is mesangial deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) often together with complement-3 (C3) in the glomeruli and some patients with IgAN may have increased levels of circulating immuno-complexes containing IgA. IgAN, initially considered to be a disease with benign prognosis, may eventually progress to end-stage-renal disease (ESRD) in 15%–40% of the cases (2,3,4). In order to predict outcome in patients with IgAN a grading of glomerular changes from kidney biopsies has been used (5). The etiology of IgAN is still not known but several observations point to some involvement of ethnic and genetic factors (6,7). Acute myocarditis (AM) accompanied with acute heart failure may need intensive care treatment and with a progressive course an early heart transplantation (HTx) might be offered if a suitable heartdonor is present. Different kinds of viruses may often cause AM and Coxsackie B-virus, Cytomegalovirus, Adenovirus, and Infl uenza A-virus, are accounting for most of the cases. End-stage renal failure (ESRF) is a well known late complication of HTx (8) with a poorer outcome than in other ESRF (9) subjects. ESRF may be related to hypertension regardless of their immunosuppressive regimen (9,10), or related to different infections, including sepsis, and to their treatments (9,10). However, calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity (CIN) is the most recognized late renal complication after HTx (10,11). Different forms of de-novo GNs like membranous, membranoproliferative GN, and IgAN have been reported after solid organ transplantation (12,13). Immune-complex deposit glomerulopathy (15), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have been observed after HTx (10,14). Our case had acute myocarditis with rapid progressive heart failure needing a heart transplantation. Subsequently chronic renal failure developed and a kidney biopsy performed seven years after HTx confi rmed global glomerular sclerosis and IgA nephropathy.
Role of Preexisting Disability in Patients Treated With Intravenous Thrombolysis for Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Little is known about the effect of thrombolysis in patients with preexisting disability. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of different levels of prestroke disability on patients’ profile and outcome after intravenous thrombolysis. Methods— We analyzed the data of all stroke patients admitted between October 2003 and December 2011 that were contributed to the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke–Eastern Europe (SITS-EAST) registry. Patients with no prestroke disability at all (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score, 0) were used as a reference in multivariable logistic regression. Results— Of 7250 patients, 5995 (82%) had prestroke mRS 0, 791 (11%) had prestroke mRS 1, 293 (4%) had prestroke mRS 2, and 171 (2%) had prestroke mRS ≥3. Compared with patients with mRS 0, all other groups were older, had more comorbidities, and more severe neurological deficit on admission. There was no clear association between preexisting disability and the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Prestroke mRS 1, 2, and ≥3 were associated with increased risk of death at 3 months (odds ratio, 1.3, 2.0, and 2.6, respectively) and lower chance of achieving favorable outcome (achieving mRS 0–2 or returning to the prestroke mRS; 0.80, 0.41, 0.59, respectively). Patients with mRS ≥3 and 2 had similar vascular profile and favorable outcome (34% versus 29%), despite higher mortality (48% versus 39%). Conclusions— Prestroke disability does not seem to independently increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after thrombolysis. Despite higher mortality, 1 in 3 previously disabled patients may return to his/her prestroke mRS. Therefore, they should not be routinely excluded from thrombolytic therapy.
An Adaptive-Parity Error-Resilient LZ'77 Compression Algorithm

The paper proposes an improved error-resilient Lempel-Ziv'77 (LZ'77) algorithm employing an adaptive amount of parity bits for error protection. It is a modified version of error resilient algorithm LZRS'77, proposed recently, which uses a constant amount of parity over all of the encoded blocks of data. The constant amount of parity is bounded by the lowest-redundancy part of the encoded string, whereas the adaptive parity more efficiently utilizes the available redundancy of the encoded string, and can be on average much higher. The proposed algorithm thus provides better error protection of encoded data. The performance of both algorithms was measured. The comparison showed a noticeable improvement by use of adaptive parity. The proposed algorithm is capable of correcting up to a few times as many errors as the original algorithm, while the compression performance remains practically unchanged.
The broad study of homograph disambiguity for Mandarin speech synthesis

How to increase the intelligibility and naturalness of synthetic speech has drawn much attention in Mandarin text-to-speech (TTS) research. This has always been treated as a bottleneck due to their effects on human perception. However, as qualities of synthetic speech increase for syllables, words or phrases, there is also an increasing need to improve the various components of the text processing. One of these desired improvements for Mandarin speech synthesis is the accuracy of the character-to-sound (CTS) process. From the viewpoint of application, the purpose of speech synthesis should be aimed at making the synthetic speech understandable by humans and minimizing the misunderstanding between them. It thus is very important to increase the accuracy of the CTS process. Such a process is designed to predict phonetic pronunciations from a coarse surface text input and the difficulty mainly results from ambiguous homograph characters. We propose an effective analysis method incorporated with linguistic knowledge to resolve homograph ambiguity. The methods we use in the experiments are discriminating lexical association and a tree-based language model. From the experiment results, we can get about 10% more improvement on the average accuracy rate than the traditional maximum frequency guess approach for most ambiguous homograph characters.
What performance can be expected by short-term wind power prediction models depending on site characteristics?

The scope of the European R&D project A NEMOS (ENK5-CT-2002-00665) is to improve the accuracy of short-term wind power forecasting technology. In the frame of this project, a number of case-studies were set-up covering onshore wind farms at flat, semi-complex and complex terrain as well as offshore ones. For these cases, several years of measurements and numerical weather predictions from various Numerical Weather Prediction systems were collected. A number of eleven state-of-the-art models were run for the test cases. These are operational models used today in Spain, Denmark, Ireland, Germany, Greece etc. An appropriate protocol was established to enable meaningful and systematic comparisons. The paper presents in detail results from this evaluation as well as guidelines on assessing the performance of a model as a function of the site characteristics.
Resource Allocation Under Channel Uncertainties for Relay-Aided Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying LTE-A Cellular Networks

Device-to-device (D2D) communication in cellular networks allows direct transmission between two cellular devices with local communication needs. Due to the increasing number of autonomous heterogeneous devices in future mobile networks, an efficient resource allocation scheme is required to maximize network throughput and achieve higher spectral efficiency. In this paper, performance of network-integrated D2D communication under channel uncertainties is investigated where D2D traffic is carried through relay nodes. Considering a multi-user and multi-relay network, we propose a robust distributed solution for resource allocation with a view to maximizing network sum-rate when the interference from other relay nodes and the link gains are uncertain. An optimization problem is formulated for allocating radio resources at the relays to maximize end-to-end rate as well as satisfy the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements for cellular and D2D user equipments under total power constraint. Each of the uncertain parameters is modeled by a bounded distance between its estimated and bounded values. We show that the robust problem is convex and a gradient-aided dual decomposition algorithm is applied to allocate radio resources in a distributed manner. Finally, to reduce the cost of robustness defined as the reduction of achievable sum-rate, we utilize the chance constraint approach to achieve a trade-off between robustness and optimality. The numerical results show that there is a distance threshold beyond which relay-aided D2D communication significantly improves network performance when compared to direct communication between D2D peers.
A contemporary research topic: manipulative approaches to human brain dynamics

A long-standing issue in neuroscience is how we can evaluate the internal states of the intact human brain and its dynamics. Indeed, significant progress has been made by combining different methods in the so-called multimodal imaging approach, providing an empirical way to directly and effectively measure the brain state and its complex responses via manipulative approaches (Ilmoniemi et al., 1997; Noguchi et al., 2003; Mochizuki et al., 2006; Siebner et al., 2009). The results obtained from integrating different methods offer new, interesting scenarios and are having a revitalizing impact on experimental and clinical neuroscience, as the obtained results are more than the sum of the results provided by the single techniques when used in isolation.
Variation in recombination frequency and distribution across eukaryotes: patterns and processes

Recombination, the exchange of DNA between maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis, is an essential feature of sexual reproduction in nearly all multicellular organisms. While the role of recombination in the evolution of sex has received theoretical and empirical attention, less is known about how recombination rate itself evolves and what influence this has on evolutionary processes within sexually reproducing organisms. Here, we explore the patterns of, and processes governing recombination in eukaryotes. We summarize patterns of variation, integrating current knowledge with an analysis of linkage map data in 353 organisms. We then discuss proximate and ultimate processes governing recombination rate variation and consider how these influence evolutionary processes. Genome-wide recombination rates (cM/Mb) can vary more than tenfold across eukaryotes, and there is large variation in the distribution of recombination events across closely related taxa, populations and individuals. We discuss how variation in rate and distribution relates to genome architecture, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, sex, environmental perturbations and variable selective pressures. There has been great progress in determining the molecular mechanisms governing recombination, and with the continued development of new modelling and empirical approaches, there is now also great opportunity to further our understanding of how and why recombination rate varies. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms’.
Are higher quality papers cited more often?

Most researchers are aware of the increasing emphasis placed on citations as an indicator of quality by their colleagues, as well as by administrators and librarians. But is it true that high quality papers are cited more often? In what we believe to be the only previous publication to examine this question, West and McIlwaine (2002) selected 79 papers that had been published in the journal Addiction in 1997. These papers were rated by an assistant editor of the journal on a five-level quality scale (ranging from 'among the top 10%' to 'should not have been published') as well as a second 'blind' rater. The authors found that the number of citations to each paper from 1997 to 2000 did not correlate with the mean score of the two reviewers, the score assigned by the editors, or the score assigned by the blind referees. The peer-review system used by Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB) facilitates a larger, prospective study with much less effort. In general, two reviewers are asked to assign each paper a score of 1 to 10 in each of three categories: originality, soundness and significance. The total scores (out of 30) are averaged and on this basis manuscripts are given a quality rating from Q1 (highest quality) to Q5. In a paper recently published in Scientometrics (Patterson and Harris 2009), we compared the number of citations to papers published in PMB in 2003, 2004 and 2005 to the mean quality rating assigned by the reviewers. In total, data were analyzed for 1095 published papers. For each year we found that there was a low but statistically robust correlation between citations and quality rating: for 2003, -0.227 (p < 0.001); for 2004, -0.238 (p < 0.001), and for 2005, -0.154 (p < 0.01). The low correlation means that it is not possible to predict the citation frequency of an individual paper with accuracy but, as a group, the highest ranked papers were cited about twice as often as the average for all published papers. We also examined the data retrospectively by dividing the papers published in each year into five citation quintiles. A paper of the highest quality (Q1) was about ten times more likely to be found in the most-cited quintile than in the least-cited. While it is reassuring to find that the best papers in PMB are, indeed, cited more often on average, we cannot discount the hypothesis that both measures might be influenced by an extrinsic factor, such as the reputation of the authors. We suggest that a study similar to ours be performed for a journal that utilizes a system of double-blind peer review. Michael S Patterson Editorial Board Member Simon Harris Publisher References West R and McIlwaine A 2002 What do citation counts count for in the field of addiction? An empirical evaluation of citation counts and their link with peer ratings of quality Addiction 97 501–4 Patterson M S and Harris S 2009 The relationship between reviewers' quality-scores and number of citations for papers published in the journal Physics in Medicine and Biology from 2003–2005 Scientometrics 80 343–9
High Incidence of Metabolically Active Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adult Humans

OBJECTIVE The significant roles of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the regulation of energy expenditure and adiposity are established in small rodents but have been controversial in humans. The objective is to examine the prevalence of metabolically active BAT in healthy adult humans and to clarify the effects of cold exposure and adiposity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In vivo 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake into adipose tissue was measured in 56 healthy volunteers (31 male and 25 female subjects) aged 23–65 years by positron emission tomography (PET) combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT). RESULTS When exposed to cold (19°C) for 2 h, 17 of 32 younger subjects (aged 23–35 years) and 2 of 24 elderly subjects (aged 38–65 years) showed a substantial FDG uptake into adipose tissue of the supraclavicular and paraspinal regions, whereas they showed no detectable uptake when kept warm (27°C). Histological examinations confirmed the presence of brown adipocytes in these regions. The cold-activated FDG uptake was increased in winter compared with summer (P < 0.001) and was inversely related to BMI (P < 0.001) and total (P < 0.01) and visceral (P < 0.001) fat areas estimated from CT image at the umbilical level. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, being against the conventional view, indicate the high incidence of metabolically active BAT in adult humans and suggest a role in the control of body temperature and adiposity.
Grand Challenge: Applying Regulatory Science and Big Data to Improve Medical Device Innovation

Understanding how proposed medical devices will interface with humans is a major challenge that impacts both the design of innovative new devices and approval and regulation of existing devices. Today, designing and manufacturing medical devices requires extensive and expensive product cycles. Bench tests and other preliminary analyses are used to understand the range of anatomical conditions, and animal and clinical trials are used to understand the impact of design decisions upon actual device success. Unfortunately, some scenarios are impossible to replicate on the bench, and competitive pressures often accelerate initiation of animal trials without sufficient understanding of parameter selections. We believe that these limitations can be overcome through advancements in data-driven and simulation-based medical device design and manufacturing, a research topic that draws upon and combines emerging work in the areas of Regulatory Science and Big Data. We propose a cross-disciplinary grand challenge to develop and holistically apply new thinking and techniques in these areas to medical devices in order to improve and accelerate medical device innovation.