Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple, but Concerted Cellular Activities of the Human Protein Hap46/BAG-1M and Isoforms

The closely related human and murine proteins Hap46/BAG-1M and BAG-1, respectively, were discovered more than a decade ago by molecular cloning techniques. These and the larger isoform Hap50/BAG-1L, as well as shorter isoforms, have the ability to interact with a seemingly unlimited array of proteins of completely unrelated structures. This problem was partially resolved when it was realized that molecular chaperones of the hsp70 heat shock protein family are major primary association partners, binding being mediated by the carboxy terminal BAG-domain and the ATP-binding domain of hsp70 chaperones. The latter, in turn, can associate with an almost unlimited variety of proteins through their substrate-binding domains, so that ternary complexes may result. The protein folding activity of hsp70 chaperones is affected by interactions with Hap46/BAG-1M or isoforms. However, there also exist several proteins which bind to Hap46/BAG-1M and isoforms independent of hsp70 mediation. Moreover, Hap46/BAG-1M and Hap50/BAG-1L, but not the shorter isoforms, can bind to DNA in a sequence-independent manner by making use of positively charged regions close to their amino terminal ends. This is the molecular basis for their effects on transcription which are of major physiological relevance, as discussed here in terms of a model. The related proteins Hap50/BAG-1L and Hap46/BAG-1M may thus serve as molecular links between such diverse bioactivities as regulation of gene expression and protein quality control. These activities are coordinated and synergize in helping cells to cope with conditions of external stress. Moreover, they recently became markers for the aggressiveness of several cancer types.
An Unusual Cause of Small Bowel Obstruction in a Child: Ingested Rhubarb

Small bowel obstruction is rarely caused by bezoars concretions formed from undigested foreign material in the gastrointestinal tract. An important cause of bezoars is phytobezoars, formed from vegetables or fruits. A four-year-old boy presented to our emergency department with symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction. Upright plain abdominal radiography revealed multiple air fluid levels. Ultrasound showed no abnormalities, and because of worsening symptoms computed tomography of abdomen was performed. It showed intraluminal obstruction of the terminal ileum. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a phytobezoar consisting of undigested rhubarb. The mass was milked through the large bowel and out the anus. Although rare in humans, bezoars are a well-documented cause of small bowel obstruction and should be considered when intraluminal bowel obstruction occurs. Bezoars causing small bowel obstruction may require surgical treatment.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disorder affecting 1 in 1,000 people in the general population and accounts for up to 10% of all patients on renal replacement therapy. Numerous fluid-filled epithelial cysts arise from different nephron segments as spherical dilatations or small out-pouchings, enlarge progressively and eventually become disconnected from the rest of the renal tubule. The development of cysts is accompanied by destruction of the renal parenchyma, interstitial fibrosis, cellular infiltration and loss of functional nephrons. ADPKD is not only a kidney disease but also a systemic disorder associated with intracranial arterial aneurysms, cardiac valvular defects, colonic diverticulosis and cyst formation in other organs such as the liver, spleen and pancreas. The identification of PKD1 and PKD2 together with the drive to elucidate the functions of their encoded proteins, polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), has led to an explosion of clinical and scientific interest in this common disorder. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of ADPKD pathogenesis which are leading to exciting new treatment strategies.
The Silent Understanding of the Mind: the Deaf Child.

This paper examines theory of mind in deaf children. It first outlines the conditions in which deaf child grow up. Then it examines the reasons for studying theory of mind development in deaf children, and the studies carried out up to now on the subject. It concludes with the results of a study on the development of false belief understanding in deaf children, which takes the affective relational context into consideration.
Auditory Texture Perception

A set of three studies was designed to investigate the role of touch-produced sounds in the perception of surface texture. Subjects were capable of judging roughness on the basis of sounds alone. Auditory judgments were similar, but not identical to corresponding haptic touch judgments. When both sources of information were available, subjects tended to use the tactile cues. The nature of the auditory stimulus for roughness is considered.
Technology Adoption and Indian Consumers: Study on Mobile Banking

 Abstract—Information technology is considered as the key driver for the changes taking place around the world. Mobile banking is the latest and most innovative service offered by the banks. The transformation from the traditional banking to e-banking has been a 'leap' change. The evolution of e-banking started from the use of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) and telephone banking (tele-banking), direct bill payment, electronic fund transfer and the revolutionary online banking. This study determines the consumer's perspective on mobile banking adoption.
Towards Semantic Role Labeling & IE in the Medical Literature

INTRODUCTION In this work, we introduce the concept of semantic role labeling to the medical domain. We report first results of porting and adapting an existing resource, Propbank, to the medical field. Propbank is an adjunct to Penn Treebank that provides semantic annotation of predicates and the roles played by their arguments. The main aim of this work is the applicability of the Propbank frame files to predicates typically encountered in the medical literature. METHODS We analyzed a target corpus of 610,100 abstracts, which was selected by searching for publication type "case reports". From this target corpus, we randomly selected 10,000 sample abstracts to estimate the predicate distribution, and matched the predicates from this sample to the predicates in Propbank. RESULTS Of the 1998 unique verbs in our sample, 76% were represented in Propbank. This included the 40 most frequent verbs, which represented 49% of all predicate instances in our sample and which matched the Propbank usage in a study of representative sentences. We propose extensions to Propbank that handle medical predicates, which are not adequately covered by Propbank. CONCLUSION We believe that semantic role labeling using Propbank is a valid approach to capture predicate relations in the medical literature.
Affordances in Representing the Behaviour of Event-Based Systems

In this paper, we examine affordances within the context of representing the functional behaviour of event-based systems. We provide an overview of the ontology that supports such representation. We provide an example use of the affordances that can facilitate us to describe, model, and reason about the behaviour of event-based systems in an intuitive, effective manner.
The P2X7 Receptor Mediates Toxoplasma gondii Control in Macrophages through Canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a potentially fatal disease to immunocompromised patients, and which affects approximately 30% of the world’s population. Previously, we showed that purinergic signaling via the P2X7 receptor contributes to T. gondii elimination in macrophages, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lysosome fusion with the parasitophorous vacuole. Moreover, we demonstrated that P2X7 receptor activation promotes the production of anti-parasitic pro-inflammatory cytokines during early T. gondii infection in vivo. However, the cascade of signaling events that leads to parasite elimination via P2X7 receptor activation remained to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the cellular pathways involved in T. gondii elimination triggered by P2X7 receptor signaling, during early infection in macrophages. We focused on the potential role of the inflammasome, a protein complex that can be co-activated by the P2X7 receptor, and which is involved in the host immune defense against T. gondii infection. Using peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages from knockout mice deficient for inflammasome components (NLRP3−/−, Caspase-1/11−/−, Caspase-11−/−), we show that the control of T. gondii infection via P2X7 receptor activation by extracellular ATP (eATP) depends on the canonical inflammasome effector caspase-1, but not on caspase-11 (a non-canonical inflammasome effector). Parasite elimination via P2X7 receptor and inflammasome activation was also dependent on ROS generation and pannexin-1 channel. Treatment with eATP increased IL-1β secretion from infected macrophages, and this effect was dependent on the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, treatment with recombinant IL-1β promoted parasite elimination via mitochondrial ROS generation (as assessed using Mito-TEMPO). Together, our results support a model where P2X7 receptor activation by eATP inhibits T. gondii growth in macrophages by triggering NADPH-oxidase-dependent ROS production, and also by activating a canonical NLRP3 inflammasome, which increases IL-1β production (via caspase-1 activity), leading to mitochondrial ROS generation.
Automation in medicine.

Health institutions appear to be ripe for automation. Acquisition, storage and utilization of medical information are almost entirely manual, and the cumulative experience of medicine is disseminated largely by preceptorship. The “systems approach” should and will be adapted to medicine. Computers will not replace physicians but they will effect major improvements in patient care, education, research and institution management.
Sufficiently informative measurements for stability of approximate conditional mean estimators

This paper establishes sufficient conditions to bound the error in perturbed conditional mean estimates derived from a perturbed model (only the scalar case is shown in this paper but a similar result is expected to hold for the vector case). The results established here extend recent stability results on approximating information state filter recursions to stability results on the approximate conditional mean estimates. The presented filter stability results provide bounds for a wide variety of model error situations.
Foraging Online Social Networks

A concise and practical introduction is given on Online Social Networks (OSN) and their application in law enforcement, including a brief survey of related work. Subsequently, a tool is introduced that can be used to search OSN in order to generate user profiles. Both its architecture and processing pipeline are described. This tool is meant as a flexible framework that supports manual foraging (and not replaces it). As such, we aim to bridge science's state-of-the-art and current security officer's practice. This article ends with a brief discussion on privacy and ethical issues and future work.
Efficient compression and rendering of multi-resolution meshes

We present a method to code the multiresolution structure of a 3D triangle mesh in a manner that allows progressive decoding and efficient rendering at a client machine. The code is based on a special ordering of the mesh vertices which has good locality and continuity properties, inducing a natural multiresolution structure. This ordering also incorporates information allowing efficient rendering of the mesh at all resolutions using the contemporary vertex buffer mechanism. The performance of our code is shown to be competitive with existing progressive mesh compression methods, while achieving superior rendering speed.
Comp 766-Final Project Report Stochastic Completion Field with Probabilistic Transition Shiyan

The report is to present a new simple method of using the probabilistic transition to evaluate the stochastic completion field. It is found that by quantizing the imaging plane according to the actual line-up of the image pixels, the stochastic completion field with random walks can be well characterized by the transition probabilities. Those transition probabilities can be calculated from either the original Gaussian probability density function for the random walk or some intuitive formulae directly related to the energy of a continuous curve. With the probabilistic transition, the stability can be assured by selecting a good decay factor and the steady state can be calculated especially when the size of the image is small. For large size image, the local concurrent update based on the transition probabilities has to be carried out. The resulting performance will be more accurate than that estimated from the Monte Carlo simulation of many random walks and the complexity is much less. Several results are shown to demonstrate the use of the probabilistic transition.
Outcomes of patients with Killip class III acute myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention*

Objectives:Little is known about the outcomes of patients with Killip class III acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era. This study investigated the short- and long-term outcomes of these patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods:Between January 2002 and November 2009, a total of 1,278 consecutive patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Of these patients, 230 (17.0%) with Killip III, 216 (16.9%) with Killip II, and 832 (65.1%) with Killip I upon presentation were prospectively recruited. Results:Angiographic study showed significantly lower final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3 flow in patients with Killip III compared with those with Killip II and I (83.5% vs. 94.9% vs. 95.7%, p < .0001). The incidence of multiple vessel disease was also notably higher in Killip III than in Killip II and I (65.7% vs. 13.9% vs. 53.8%, p < .001). Besides, the incidence of advanced congestive heart failure (defined as greater than or equal to New York Heart Association functional class 3) during hospitalization was remarkably higher in Killip III compared to Killip II and I (71.3% vs. 13.9% vs. 6.6%, p < .001). Furthermore, the 30-day mortality and 1-yr cumulative mortality were notably higher in Killip III than in Killip II and I (20.0% vs. 4.2% vs. 1.7%, p < .001 and 31.7% vs. 7.9% vs. 4%, p < .001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that Killip III was independently predictive of 30-day and 1-yr mortality (all p < .04). Conclusion:Killip III remains strongly and independently predictive of 30-day and 1-yr mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients even undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Cardiovascular responses to repetitive defibrillation during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator testing.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of electrical applications and subsequent postshock hypotension on myocardial performance and vascular tone during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement. DESIGN Prospective, blinded, observational investigation. SETTING Single, university-affiliated institution. PARTICIPANTS Twenty patients undergoing elective ICD placement and testing under general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serial measurements were made of hemodynamic variables, left ventricular end-systolic (ESA) and end-diastolic (EDA) areas, fractional-area-of-contraction (FAC), time of hypoperfusion (when mean arterial pressure < or =50 mmHg postshock), and applied conversion energy. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine correlations among collected variables, and repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare mean values. Minimal changes were detected in mean values of arterial, pulmonary, and central venous pressures; cardiac output; heart rate; and mixed venous saturation during repeated testing. Percentage changes in cardiac index (CI) rose and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) fell, however, as the number of shocks increased, reaching significance at the seventh and eighth shocks (v baseline; both p = 0.015). The percentage change in CI was linearly related to hypoperfusion time and accumulated energy (%deltaCI = 1.553 + [0.068 x sigma hypoperfusion time [sec]], r = 0.92, p < 0.001; %deltaCI = 0.326 + [0.125 x sigma Energy [J]], r = 0.94, p < 0.001). The percentage change in SVRI was inversely related to hypoperfusion time and accumulated energy (%deltaSVRI = 2.195 - [0.122 x sigma energy [J]], r = 0.79, p = 0.004; %deltaSVRI = 0.542 - [0.0634 - sigma hypoperfusion time [sec]], r = 0.73, p = 0.01). Echocardiographic EDA, ESA, and FAC were not significantly changed but showed substantial variability. CONCLUSION Hemodynamic stability was generally well maintained during ICD placement and testing. Increases in CI were associated with concurrent reductions in systemic afterload, rather than enhanced FAC. Increasing postshock hypotension and applied energy were associated with decreases in CI and systemic afterload. Insignificant, but highly variable, changes were noted echocardiographically.
Newer methods of investigating strabismus.

"If there is no movement of either eye to take up fixation when the other eye is covered and the corneal reflections are central, then bifoveal fixation and binocular single vision are present". This statement can, however, no longer be accepted. An apparent absence of movement to fix may be due to three possible factors: (a) Bifoveal fixation; (b) Microtropia with identity (i.e. the angles of deviation and eccentricity are equal); (c) The movement is too small to see. According to Jampolsky (I97 i a):
Measurement of Globally Visible DNS Injection

Domain Name System (DNS) injection is a censorship method for blocking access to blacklisted domain names. The method uses deep packet inspection on all DNS queries passing through the network and injects spoofed responses. Compared with other blocking mechanisms, DNS injection impacts uninvolved third-parties if their traffic is routed through a censored network. In this paper, we look for large deployments of DNS injection, measured from vantage points outside of the censored networks. DNS injection is known to be used in China since it leaked unintentionally into foreign networks. We find that DNS injection is also used in Iran and can be observed by sending DNS queries to Iranian networks. In mid 2013, the Iranian DNS filter was temporarily suspended for some names, which correlated with media coverage of political debates in Iran about blocking social media. Spoofed responses from China and Iran can be detected passively by the IP address returned. We propose an algorithm to obtain these addresses remotely. After testing 255002 open resolvers outside of China, we determined that 6% are potentially affected by Chinese DNS injection when querying top-level domains outside of China. This is essentially the result of one top-level domain name server for which an anycast instance is hosted in China.
Improving Clinical Remission Rates in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Previsit Planning

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the intestine which can lead to malnutrition, poor quality of life, and colon cancer.1–4 Although there is no cure for the disease, clinical remission is the primary goal.5 The Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease at MassGeneral Hospital for Children (MGHfC) adopted a Previsit Planning (PVP) model to identify and discuss symptomatic patients prior to their appointments to identify specific issues that impact disease management.6–8 The Registry from ImproveCareNow (ICN), the international Quality Improvement Collaborative for the management of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in pediatric and adolescent patients, was used to capture information from each ambulatory visit and hospitalization. Using the Model for Improvement framework, the team began a weekly review and made care recommendations of patients with active disease who were cared for by one physician. Interventions were modified over multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) improvement cycles to increase the number of providers and to include patients with mild or moderate disease activity.9 Feedback from the providers regarding this process was elicited via a REDCap survey and the clinical remission rate was tracked using the ICN Registry. The clinical remission rate for the Center's patients increased from 77% (n=597) in September 2014 to 83% (n=585) in August 2015 and has been maintained. 78% of responding providers indicated that they found the PVP recommendations helpful “all of the time”. One hundred percent who responded to the survey said that they have used at least one recommendation provided to them. PVP for management of a chronic disease in pediatrics is feasible, even in a high volume practice. This process at MGHfC has resulted in the improvement of clinical remission rate. PDSA cycles were used to document successes and failures to help guide the work. Ongoing expansion of this PVP practice to all providers continues with the anticipation of including input from patients and their families, as well.
Research Training and Supervision Development

Research education, or training, as it is often termed, is attracting greater scrutiny as research itself is seen of greater importance in the global knowledge economy. In turn, concerns to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of research supervision are leading to the introduction and extension of programmes for supervisor development. This article presents a framework for an approach to supervisor development, based on the assumption that in order to discuss supervisor development it is important to understand what supervisors do and why. The article examines the nature of the educative process for research students in the current research environment. It articulates the generic processes supervisors need to engage in for effective supervision, if students are to develop in differing institutional, disciplinary and professional contexts the appropriate expertise and attributes for employment; and presents an outline of what might constitute a flexible professional development programme for supervisors in this context.
Arithmetic rigidity and units in group rings

For any finite group G the group U(Z[G]) of units in the integral group ring Z[G]is an arithmetic group in a reductive algebraic group, namely the Zariski closure of SL1 (Q[G]). In particular, the isomorphism type of the Q-algebra Q[G] determines the commensurability class of U(Z[G]); we show that, to a large extent, the converse is true. In fact, subject to a certain restriction on the Q-representations of G the converse is exactly true.