Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Activity Diversity Questionnaire for Older Adults

ABSTRACT Introduction The Activity Diversity Questionnaire consists of 20 items that assess activity diversity using Shannon’s entropy. Comparing the relationship between health outcomes and activity diversity is important for older adults. There is no scale in Turkish that can be used to evaluate the activity diversity. The aim of this study is to investigate the relevance of the Activity Diversity Questionnaire for Turkish older adults and the effectiveness of its clinical use. Methods 220 older adults were included in the study. In order to determine the reliability of the Activity Diversity Questionnaire, internal consistency and test-retest analyzes were applied. Similar scale validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine its validity. Results The Turkish version of the Activity Diversity Questionnaire showed high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Cronbach α = 0.868, ICC = 0.93). Statistically positive, moderate (r = 0.47, p < .001) and strong (r = 0.71, p < .001) correlations were found between the Activity Diversity Questionnaire and the Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, respectively. As a result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it was found that the fit index values found acceptable fit compared to the reference values. Conclusions The Turkish version of the Activity Diversity Questionnaire has appropriate psychometric properties, including validity and reliability.
Implementing quality improvement intervention to improve intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring during COVID-19 pandemic- observational study

Introduction Adherence to intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring (FHRM) for early decision making in high-risk pregnancies remains a global health challenge. COVID-19 has led to disruption of routine intrapartum care in all income settings. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of quality improvement (QI) intervention to improve intrapartum FHRM and birth outcome before and during pandemic. Method and materials We conducted an observational study among 10,715 pregnant women in a hospital of Nepal, over 25 months. The hospital implemented QI intervention i.e facilitated plan-do-study-act (PDSA) meetings before and during pandemic. We assessed the change in intrapartum FHRM, timely action in high-risk deliveries and fetal outcomes before and during pandemic. Results The number of facilitated PDSA meetings increased from an average of one PDSA meeting every 2 months before pandemic to an average of one PDSA meeting per month during the pandemic. Monitoring and documentation of intrapartum FHRM at an interval of less than 30 minutes increased from 47% during pre-pandemic to 73.3% during the pandemic (p<0.0001). The median time interval from admission to abnormal heart rate detection decreased from 160 minutes to 70 minutes during the pandemic (p = 0.020). The median time interval from abnormal FHR detection to the time of delivery increased from 122 minutes to 177 minutes during the pandemic (p = 0.019). There was a rise in abnormal FHR detection during the time of admission (1.8% vs 4.7%; p<0.001) and NICU admissions (2.9% vs 6.5%; p<0.0001) during the pandemic. Conclusion Despite implementation of QI intervention during the pandemic, the constrains in human resource to manage high risk women has led to poorer neonatal outcome. Increasing human resources to manage high risk women will be key to timely action among high-risk women and prevent stillbirth.
Construction of invariant curves for singular holomorphic vector fields

Camacho and Sad proved the existence of invariant analytic curves for germs of singular holomorphic foliations F over a two dimensional complex analytic variety M . Their proof is only of existential nature. Here we provide a simple constructive proof by giving criteria to choose a singular point at each blowing-up that follows an analytic invariant curve. Our algorithm is founded on the stability by blowing-up of the property (? ) introduced in the following definition. Definition. Consider a singular holomorphic foliation F over a two dimensional complex analytic variety M , a normal crossings divisor E over M and a point q ∈ E. We say that the triple (F , E, q) has the property (? ) if and only if one of the following properties holds: (? )-1: The point q lies exactly in one irreducible component S of E, which is invariant for F and the index iq(F , S) / ∈ Q(≥0) = {r ∈ Q; r ≥ 0}. (? )-2: The point q lies in two irreducible components S+ and S− of E (call this point a “corner”), both are invariant curves and there is a real number a > 0 such that: iq(F , S+) ∈ Q(≤−a) = {r ∈ Q; r ≤ −a}, iq(F , S−) / ∈ Q(≥−1/a) = {r ∈ Q; r ≥ −1/a}. (? )-3: The point q lies exactly in one irreducible component S of E, it is a nonsingular point of F and S is transversal to F at q. (The definition and basic properties of the index can be found in [1]). Remark. If we have the property (? )-2, then q is not a simple (irreducible) singularity. If we have either (? )-1 and q is a simple singularity or (? )-3, then there is a nonsingular analytic invariant curve Γ through q transversal to E. Theorem. Assume that (F , E, q) satisfies either (? )-1 or (? )-2. Consider the blowing-up π : M ′ → M at the point q. Let F ′ be the strict transform of F by π. Put D = π−1(q) and E′ = π−1(E). Then there is a point q′ ∈ D such that (F ′, E′, q′) satisfies the property (? ). Received by the editors October 24, 1995 and, in revised form, March 19, 1996. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 34A05; Secondary 32S65. This work was supported by the I.A. S. under NSF grant # DMS-9304580. c ©1997 American Mathematical Society 2649 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams. org/journal-terms-of-use
Classification of topological crystalline superconducting nodes on high-symmetry lines: Point nodes, line nodes, and Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces

Recent development in exact classification of a superconducting gap has elucidated various unconventional gap structures, which have not been predicted by the classification of order parameter based on the point group. One of the important previous results is that all symmetry-protected line nodes are characterized by nontrivial topological numbers. Another intriguing discovery is the gap structures depending on the angular momentum $j_z$ of normal Bloch states on threefold and sixfold rotational-symmetric lines in the Brillouin zone. Stimulated by these findings, we classify irreducible representations of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian at each $\boldsymbol{k}$ point on a high-symmetry $n$-fold ($n = 2$, $3$, $4$, and $6$) axis for centrosymmetric and paramagnetic superconductors, by using the combination of group theory and $K$ theory. This leads to the classification of all crystal symmetry-protected nodes (including $j_z$-dependent nodes) on the axis that crosses a normal-state Fermi surface. As a result, it is shown that the classification by group theory completely corresponds with the topological classification. Based on the obtained results, we discuss superconducting gap structures in SrPtAs, CeCoIn$_5$, UPt$_3$, and UCoGe.
Elucidation of the O-antigen structure of Escherichia coli O93 and characterization of its biosynthetic genes

Abstract The structure of the O-antigen from the international reference strain Escherichia coli O93:−:H16 has been determined. A nonrandom modal chain-length distribution was observed for the lipopolysaccharide, a pattern which is typical when long O-specific polysaccharides are expressed. By a combination of (i) bioinformatics information on the gene cluster related to O-antigen synthesis including putative function on glycosyl transferases, (ii) the magnitude of NMR coupling constants of anomeric protons, and (iii) unassigned 2D 1H, 13C-HSQC, and 1H,1H-TOCSY NMR spectra it was possible to efficiently elucidate the structure of the carbohydrate polymer in an automated fashion using the computer program CASPER. The polysaccharide also carries O-acetyl groups and their locations were determined by 2D NMR experiments showing that ~½ of the population was 2,6-di-O-acetylated, ~¼ was 2-O-acetylated, whereas ~¼ did not carry O-acetyl group(s) in the 3-O-substituted mannosyl residue of the repeating unit. The structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen is given by: →2)-β-d-Manp-(1→3)-β-d-Manp2Ac6Ac-(1→4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→3)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1→, which should also be the biological repeating unit and it shares structural elements with capsular polysaccharides from E. coli K84 and K50. The structure of the acidic O-specific polysaccharide from Cellulophaga baltica strain NN015840T differs to that of the O-antigen from E. coli O93 by lacking the O-acetyl group at O6 of the O-acetylated mannosyl residue.
Post-AGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds and neutron-capture processes in AGB stars

Aims. We explore modifications to the current scenario for the slow neutron-capture process (the s-process) in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars to account for the Pb deficiency observed in post-AGB stars of low metallicity ([Fe/H] −1.2) and low initial mass ( 1−1.5 M ) in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Methods. We calculated the stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis for a 1.3 M star with [Fe/H] = −1.3 and tested different amounts and distributions of protons leading to the production of the main neutron source within the 13C-pocket and proton ingestion scenarios. Results. No s-process models can fully reproduce the abundance patterns observed in the post-AGB stars. When the Pb production is lowered, the abundances of the elements between Eu and Pb, such as Er, Yb, W, and Hf, are also lowered to below those observed. Conclusions. Neutron-capture processes with neutron densities intermediate between the s and the rapid neutron-capture processes may provide a solution to this problem and be a common occurrence in low-mass, low-metallicity AGB stars.
Should all pregnant women take calcium supplements in Nepal? GRADE evidence to policy assessment

ABSTRACT Background The WHO recommends oral calcium supplementation (1.5–2.0 g) in pregnant women to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia living in areas with low dietary calcium intake. Although maternal mortality is high in Nepal and eclampsia causes at least 20% of maternal deaths, implementing WHO recommendations would be a major undertaking. Objective This review aimed to assess whether the current evidence supports the blanket supplementation of calcium to prevent pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in Nepal. Methods We used a structured approach to appraise the evidence for calcium supplementation in Nepal. We identified what may influence the impact of calcium supplementation in Nepal and conducted a situation analysis in the country covering maternal mortality, pre-eclampsia occurrence, and existing government policy provisions for supplementation. We also consulted with experts and government officials to explore their perspectives and experience on supplementation. We then used AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) to appraise the Cochrane Systematic Review of calcium supplementation. Finally, we used these data in a GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation)–Evidence to Decision framework to reach a policy recommendation. Results Our assessment of the Cochrane Review showed that the recommendation made by the WHO is based on weak evidence and trial findings that are not consistent between studies. The Cochrane Review found low certainty of the evidence for benefit (reduction in pre-eclampsia and maternal mortality). Conversely, there is a high certainty of the evidence of undesirable effects (HELLP [haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets] syndrome) although this is uncommon. The likely absolute reduction in maternal deaths projected to Nepal was estimated to be low, while the implementation costs were high. Stakeholders also raised several concerns regarding feasibility, acceptability, appropriate dosing, and risk communication. Conclusions This review concludes that the blanket supplementation of calcium cannot be recommended in Nepal. A better approach may be to identify high-risk pregnant women and manage their antenatal visits and delivery to prevent mortality from pre-eclampsia.
The effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on infant development and maternal mental health in the first 2 years of life

Abstract We investigated how exogenous variation in exposure to the COVID‐19 pandemic during the first year of life is related to infant development, maternal mental health, and perceived stress. Ninety‐three socioeconomically diverse pregnant women were recruited before the pandemic to participate in a longitudinal study. Infants ranged in age at the beginning of lockdown (0–9.5 months old), thus experiencing different durations of pandemic exposure across the first year of life. The duration of pandemic exposure was not associated with family demographic characteristics, suggesting it captured exogenous variability. We tested associations between this exogenous variation in pandemic exposure and child and family outcomes. We also examined whether mother‐reported disruptive life events were correlated with child and family outcomes. We found no association between duration of pandemic exposure in the first year of life and infant socioemotional problems, infant language development, or maternal mental health and perceived stress symptoms, at 12 or 24 months. However, we found that self‐reported exposure to pandemic‐related disruptive life events predicted greater maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress at 12 months, and greater depression and anxiety at 24 months. Socioeconomic status did not moderate these associations. These findings suggest cautious optimism for infants raised during this period.
Contribution to methods for calculating the flow about thin lifting wings at transonic speeds: Analytic expressions for the far field

The problem of determining the small-disturbance flow about two-dimensional airfoils at transonic speeds has been successfully treated by the process of matching a numerical solution of the near field to analytic expressions for the far field. The three-dimensional problem, it would appear, can be treated in a similar way with the aid of algorithms adapted to high-speed and high-capacity computers. The far-field potential for both lifting and nonlifting three-dimensional wings at transonic speeds is developed herein for a subsonic free stream. This potential could be used for a three-dimensional-wing computation similar to the computation made for the two-dimensional wing.
CELF1 represses Doublesex1 expression via its 5’ UTR in the crustacean Daphnia magna

In sex determination of the crustacean Daphnia magna, male-specific expression of DM-domain transcription factor Doublesex1 (Dsx1) orchestrates the male developmental program triggered by environmental stimuli. We previously identified the CELF1 ortholog as a candidate of proteins associated with the 5’ UTR of the Dsx1α isoform. Here we report the CELF1-dependent suppression of Dsx1 expression in D. magna. During embryogenesis, CELF1 expression was not sexually dimorphic. Silencing of CELF1 led to the activation of Dsx1 expression both in female and male embryos. Overexpression of CELF1 in male embryos resulted in a reduction of Dsx1 expression. By these manipulations of CELF1 expression, the Dsx1 transcript level was not significantly changed. To investigate whether the CELF1 controls Dsx1 expression via its 5’ UTR, we injected the GFP reporter mRNA having intact Dsx1α 5’ UTR or mutated one lacking the GU-rich element (GRE) that is known as a binding site of the CELF1 ortholog. We found that deletion of the GRE significantly increased the reporter gene expression. These results indicate that CELF1 suppresses Dsx1 expression both in females and males, possibly at the post-transcriptional level. We speculate that CELF1 may avoid unintended Dsx1 expression and generation of sexual ambiguity by setting a threshold of Dsx1 expression.
Anopheles homing suppression drive candidates exhibit unexpected performance differences in simulations with spatial structure

Recent experiments have produced several Anopheles gambiae homing gene drives that disrupt female fertility genes, thereby eventually inducing population collapse. Such drives may be highly effective tools to combat malaria. One such homing drive, based on the zpg promoter driving CRISPR/Cas9, was able to eliminate a cage population of mosquitoes. A second version, purportedly improved upon the first by incorporating an X-shredder element (which biases inheritance towards male offspring), was similarly successful. Here, we analyze experimental data from each of these gene drives to extract their characteristics and performance parameters and compare these to previous interpretations of their experimental performance. We assess each suppression drive within an individual-based simulation framework that models mosquito population dynamics in continuous space. We find that the combined homing/X-shredder drive is actually less effective at population suppression within the context of our mosquito population model. In particular, the combined drive often fails to completely suppress the population, instead resulting in an unstable equilibrium between drive and wild-type alleles. By contrast, otherwise similar drives based on the nos promoter may prove to be more promising candidates for future development than originally thought.
A genome resource for Acacia, Australia’s largest plant genus

Acacia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade) is the largest and most widespread genus of plants in the Australian flora, occupying and dominating a diverse range of environments, with an equally diverse range of forms. For a genus of its size and importance, Acacia currently has surprisingly few genomic resources. Acacia pycnantha, the golden wattle, is a woody shrub or tree occurring in south-eastern Australia and is the country’s floral emblem. To assemble a genome for A. pycnantha, we generated long-read sequences using Oxford Nanopore Technology, 10x Genomics Chromium linked reads, and short-read Illumina sequences, and produced an assembly spanning 814 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 2.8 Mb, and 98.3% of complete Embryophyta BUSCOs. Genome annotation predicted 47,624 protein-coding genes, with 62.3% of the genome predicted to comprise transposable elements. Evolutionary analyses indicated a shared genome duplication event in the Caesalpinioideae, and conflict in the relationships between Cercis (subfamily Cercidoideae) and subfamilies Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae (pea-flowered legumes). Comparative genomics identified a suite of expanded and contracted gene families in A. pycnantha, and these were annotated with both GO terms and KEGG functional categories. One expanded gene family of particular interest is involved in flowering time and may be associated with the characteristic synchronous flowering of Acacia. This genome assembly and annotation will be a valuable resource for all studies involving Acacia, including the evolution, conservation, breeding, invasiveness, and physiology of the genus, and for comparative studies of legumes.
Measuring cosmological parameters with Gamma-Ray Bursts

In a few dozen seconds gamma ray bursts (GRBs) emit up to 10^54 erg in terms of an equivalent isotropically radiated energy Eiso, so they can be observed up to z ~10. Thus, these phenomena appear to be very promising tools to describe the expansion rate history of the universe. Here we review the use of the Ep,i - Eiso correlation of GRBs to measure the cosmological density parameter Omega_M. We show that the present data set of Gamma-Ray Bursts, coupled with the assumption that we live in a flat universe, can provide independent evidence, from other probes, that Omega_M ~0.3. We show that current (e.g., Swift, Fermi/GBM, Konus-WIND) and forthcoming GRB experiments (e.g., CALET/GBM, SVOM, Lomonosov/UFFO, LOFT/WFM) will allow us to constrain Omega_M with an accuracy comparable to that currently exhibited by Type Ia supernovae and to study the properties of dark energy and their evolution with time.
Nested Architecture Search for Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation

Point cloud semantic segmentation (PCSS), for the purpose of labeling a set of points stored in irregular and unordered structures, is an important yet challenging task. It is vital for the task of learning a good representation for each 3D data point, which encodes rich context knowledge and hierarchically structural information. However, despite great success has been achieved by existing PCSS methods, they are limited to make full use of important context information and rich hierarchical features for representation learning. In this paper, we propose to build ‘hyperpoint’ representations for 3D data point via a nested network architecture, which is able to explicitly exploit multi-scale, pyramidally hierarchical features and construct powerful representations for PCSS. In particular, we introduce a PCSS nested architecture search (PCSS-NAS) algorithm to automatically design the model’s side-output branches at different levels as well as its skip-layer structures, enabling the resulting model to best deal with the scale-space problem. Our searched architecture, named Auto-NestedNet, is evaluated on four well-known benchmarks: S3DIS, ScanNet, Semantic3D and Paris-Lille-3D. Experimental results show that the proposed Auto-NestedNet achieves the state-of-the-art performance. Our source code is available at https://github.com/fanyang587/NestedNet.
Geometrical entanglement of highly symmetric multipartite states and the Schmidt decomposition

In a previous paper, we examined a geometric measure of entanglement based on the minimum distance between the entangled target state of interest and the space of unnormalized product states. Here, we present a detailed study of this entanglement measure for n-qubit target states that are invariant under the permutation of any two qubits. We analytically obtain the permutation-invariant unnormalized direct product states that extremize the distance function. We then solve for the Hessian to show that, up to the action of trivial symmetries, the solutions correspond to local minima of the distance function. In addition, we show that the conditions that determine the extremal solutions for general target states can be obtained directly by parametrizing the product states via their Schmidt decomposition.