Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Management of Eating Disorders and Obesity

Goldstein DJ, ed. 388 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana Pr; 1999. $125.00. ISBN 0896034070. Order phone 973-256-1699. Field of medicine: Internal medicine, psychiatry, and nutrition. Format: Hardcover book. Audience: Health professionals who specialize in management of obesity and eating disorders and primary care providers. Purpose: To provide an update on prevention and treatment of eating disorders and obesity. Content: The 23 chapters in the book are divided into three sections on bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and obesity. More than two thirds of the chapters focus on obesity. Several chapters are revisions of preexisting publications. Highlights: The editor's decision to cover eating disorders and obesity in a single book underscores the important similarities between and common management strategies for these disorders. One example is the role of binge eating and the value of cognitive behavioral therapy in all eating disorders. The underlying theory of the section on obesity is that obesity should be considered a chronic disease. This theory recasts the meaning and consequences of regaining weight after therapy is discontinued as a need for ongoing management rather than treatment failure. Limitations: Redundancy, especially in the chapters on obesity, mars the quality of the book. Several chapters include an excellent review of the literature (for example, chapters 3, 15, and 19), but others lack comprehensiveness (for example, chapter 2, Counseling Patients with Bulimia Nervosa, does little to familiarize readers with the literature on cognitive behavioral therapy; this information is better covered but more difficult to find in chapter 11, Obese Patients with Binge-Eating Disorder). The data on use of pharmacotherapy are confusing; much of it seems to have been added as an afterthought after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration requested voluntary withdrawal of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine from the market. For example, in chapter 16, it is difficult to determine which drugs are available for use. Chapter 20 adds further confusion to the issue of successful obesity management by presenting an example in which weight loss far exceeds the average losses reported with use of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine. Related reading: Comprehensive texts are available that address obesity (Bray and associates' Handbook of Obesity [Dekker, 1998]) or bulimia or anorexia nervosa (Fairburn and colleagues' Binge Eating: Nature, Assessment, and Treatment [Guilford Pr, 1993]) separately, with limited reference to the broad spectrum of eating disorders. This textbook is unique in its attempt to address what many now view as a range of conditions that can be linked as eating disorders. Reviewer: Karen M. Freund, MD, MPH, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 12321, a Promising Strain for Optically Active (R,R)-2,3-Butanediol Production

ABSTRACT Paenibacillus polymyxa is a potential strain for (R,R)-2,3-butanediol production. Here, we report an annotated draft genome sequence of P. polymyxa strain ATCC 12321, which contains 4,429 protein-coding genes and 49 structural RNAs. This genome sequence provides a genetic basis for a better understanding of the mechanism for the accumulation of highly optically active (R,R)-2,3-butanediol.
The Consensualization of Stereotypes in Small Groups

During the months leading to the genocide of the Tutsi population in Rwanda, between April and June 1994, one of the strategies carried out by the Extremist Hutu government involved relying on one of the national radio channels (The Radio des Milles Collines), to instigate negative stereotypes of the Tutsis in order to justify their later destruction. Propaganda typically described Tutsis as “cockroaches,” “snakes,” or as secret agents of the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), made of exiled Tutsis, which attempted to conquer the country. Given that most Rwandese citizens own a radio, this medium enabled the government to reach the whole population. Several analysts and observers (Braeckman, 1994; Dallaire & Beardsley, 2003; Franche, 2004; Hatzfeld, 2000) suggested that this strategy instigated in the Hutu population a shared sense of the necessity to destroy the out-group and of the legitimacy of such a project. If this factor alone does not explain the genocide, it appears to have played a significant role in its occurrence. This example illustrates how intragroup social influence can lead to the formation and diffusion of shared stereotypes that eventually contributed to one of the most gruesome instances of collective mobilization in the 20th century. Although the Rwandese example is extreme and does not reflect the
Perceptions of stress, worry, and support in Black and White mothers of hospitalized, medically fragile infants.

The purpose of this article is to describe maternal perceptions about hospital-related stressors, worry about the infant's health, and support from the health care team in mothers of medically fragile infants. A second purpose was to explore possible differences between Black and White mothers on these same variables. Participants were 31 Black and 38 White mothers of infants who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital for a serious life-threatening illness. Data were collected using five self-report questionnaires. All mothers reported high levels of stress associated with the appearance of their infants and moderately high stress associated with their altered parental role, moderately high levels of worry about their infants' health problems, and high support from nursing and the health care team. Black mothers were more stressed by the sights and sounds of the hospital environment; however, the levels of their stress were only moderate. On the other hand, mothers with less education expressed more worry about their infants than did mothers with more education. Findings have implications for helping mothers during the hospitalization of a critically ill infant.
TEN BRAIN DOMAINS: A PROPOSAL FOR FUNCTIONAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PARAMETERS FOR FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER DIAGNOSIS AND FOLLOW-UP

Background Significant progress has been made delineating criteria for diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). FASD has been researched by geneticists, psychologists, neurological medical professionals, and others, for the past 35 years. However, functional central nervous system (CNS) diagnostic parameters have not yet been adequately defined to address the life-long challenges facing people with this disability. Objective This presentation proposes specific brain domains, within central nervous system parameters, to be used as a framework for FASD evaluation, diagnosis and to derive intervention recommendations for clients and their families. The proposed brain domains are clearly defined, including behavior clues to be used as a way to identify potential clients for evaluation. Methods Functional CNS parameters as described in recent literature (by CDC, IOM, U of W, and Canadian) are compared with six years of experience of the Fetal Alcohol Diagnostic Program (FADP). FADP is a community-based, family-focused diagnostic program located in Duluth, Minnesota. Results Ten specific brain domains are identified as critical to CNS diagnostic parameters for successful FASD identification and management. The ten brain domains include: achievement, adaptation, attention, cognition, executive functioning, language, memory, motor, sensory/soft neurological, and social communication. These brain domains are easily understandable by medical professionals, families, social service workers, educators etc. who are initially identifying those potential clients and/or working with them after FASD evaluation. Conclusions Incorporation of these ten brain domains into the national conversation about FASD diagnosis can demystify the referral, diagnosis, and follow-up procedures needed to adequately work with individuals with disabilities related to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
The Human VPAC1 Receptor

The human VPAC1receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide belongs to the class II family of G-protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane segments. Like for all class II receptors, the extracellular N-terminal domain of the human VPAC1 receptor plays a predominant role in peptide ligand recognition. To determine the three-dimensional structure of this N-terminal domain (residues 1–144), the Protein Data Bank (PDB) was screened for a homologous protein. A subdomain of yeast lipase B was found to have 27% sequence identity and 50% sequence homology with the N-terminal domain (8) of the VPAC1receptor together with a good alignment of the hydrophobic clusters. A model of the N-terminal domain of VPAC1 receptor was thus constructed by homology. It indicated the presence of a putative signal sequence in the N-terminal extremity. Moreover, residues (Glu36, Trp67, Asp68, Trp73, and Gly109) which were shown to be crucial for VIP binding are gathered around a groove that is essentially negatively charged. New putatively important residues for VIP binding were suggested from the model analysis. Site-directed mutagenesis and stable transfection of mutants in CHO cells indicated that Pro74, Pro87, Phe90, and Trp110 are indeed important for VIP binding and activation of adenylyl cyclase activation. Combination of molecular modeling and directed mutagenesis provided the first partial three-dimensional structure of a VIP-binding domain, constituted of an electronegative groove with an outspanning tryptophan shell at one end, in the N-terminal extracellular region of the human VPAC1receptor.
Pharmacological interventions for non-ulcer dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND The commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal symptoms is non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and yet the pathophysiology of this condition has been poorly characterised and the optimum treatment is uncertain. It is estimated that pound450 million is spent on dyspepsia drugs in the UK each year. OBJECTIVES This review aims to determine the effectiveness of six classes of drugs (antacids, histamine H(2) antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, mucosal protecting agents and antimuscarinics) in the improvement of either the individual or global dyspepsia symptom scores and also quality of life scores patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2005), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2006), EMBASE (1988 to January 2006), CINAHL (1982 to January 2006), SIGLE, and reference lists of articles. We also contacted experts in the field and pharmaceutical companies. Trials were located through electronic searches of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and SIGLE, using appropriate subject headings and text words, searching bibliographies of retrieved articles, and through contacts with experts in the fields of dyspepsia and pharmaceutical companies. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing drugs of any of the six groups with each other or with placebo for non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility, trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS We included 73 trials: prokinetics (19 trials with dichotomous outcomes evaluating 3178 participants; relative risk reduction (RRR) 33%; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 18% to 45%), H(2)RAs (12 trials evaluating 2,183 participants; RRR 23%; 95% CI 8% to 35%) and PPIs (10 trials evaluating 3,347 participants; RRR 13%; 95% CI 4% to 20%) were significantly more effective than placebo. Bismuth salts (six trials evaluating 311 participants; RRR 40%; 95% CI -3 to 65%) were superior to placebo but this was of marginal statistical significance. Antacids (one trial evaluating 109 participants; RRR -2%; 95% CI -36% to 24%) and sucralfate (two trials evaluating 246 participants; RRR 29%; 95% CI -40% to 64%) were not statistically significantly superior to placebo. A funnel plot suggested that the prokinetic results could be due to publication bias or other small study effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that anti-secretory therapy may be effective in NUD. The trials evaluating prokinetic therapy are difficult to interpret as the meta-analysis result could have been due to publication bias. The effect of these drugs is likely to be small and many patients will need to take them on a long-term basis so economic analyses would be helpful and ideally the therapies assessed need to be inexpensive and well tolerated.
PACE Your Class for Good Classroom Behavior Management

In a K-12 foreign language class, having good classroom behavior management skills is vital to learner success. If an instructor uses the target language during a grammar lesson and if the students do not comprehend the lesson or are bored, mayhem could ensue. What could a teacher to do to prevent this? Good lesson organization using the PACE model of whole language learning is one way to avoid management issues. With the PACE model of whole language learning, educators are able to create an engaging, fun lesson while simultaneously grabbing the attention of the learners.
The impact of UMTS/WCDMA channel round-trip time variations on TCP Vegas throughput

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third-generation cellular network that enables high-speed mobile Internet access. This paper evaluates the performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP) Vegas and compares its performance with TCP Reno in a UMTS environment. Bulk data transfer was considered in the simulation with varying radio channel conditions. Data losses were assumed to be only caused by the radio channel. Simulation results show that the performance of Vegas is unexpectedly worse than Reno even though the data losses were completely recovered by the UMTS radio link control layer. This has led us to conduct a detailed investigation on the behavior of Vegas in order to identify the cause of performance degradation in Vegas. The poor performance of Vegas is attributed to the UMTS radio interface characteristics which characterize by large and highly variable TCP round-trip times. The round-trip time variations activated Vegas' congestion avoidance and the sender would interpret the round-trip time variation as a sign of network congestion. Consequently, the sender shrinks its window size which reduces the transmission rate even though no TCP packet losses occur. Furthermore, a sudden increase in the instantaneous round-trip time can trigger spurious timeouts at the TCP sender using Vegas which performs unnecessary retransmissions. Spurious timeouts can lead to significant throughput reduction. Reno, on the other hand, does not show any abnormality and delivers the expected performance
Monitoring of human-data interactions towards understanding the interpretation process of geoscientific data

Qualitative data interpretation forms the basis of important decisions with significant social, financial, and environmental implications across diverse sectors of our society including the medical, legal, astronomy, and resource sectors. These interpretations typically involve the recognition of anomalies or specific features of interest within data. In this process, interpreters’ intuition and biases play an important role, resulting in outcomes that are highly subjective and uncertain. This thesis presents a study that aims to understand and address uncertainties in geoscientific data interpretation, specifically focusing on geological target spotting within magnetic geophysical data. Previous studies on geological interpretation uncertainties have mainly focused on analysing the interpretation outcomes and identifying factors that influenced these outcomes. This thesis on the other hand aims to understand and address uncertainties in human-data interactions, that is, the process by which the interpretation outcomes are reached. This is achieved by monitoring and quantifying physiological and neurological responses of interpreters during target spotting exercises through an eye tracker system (ETS) and electroencephalography (EEG) techniques. These technologies are widely used in various fields, such as humancomputer interaction (HCI), brain-computer interface (BCI), clinical studies, and web marketing, but their use in geoscience is in its infancy. Various experiments were carried out to capture ETS and EEG data during target spotting exercises involving the identification of prescribed geological ‘targets’, specifically porphyrystyle intrusive systems within magnetic data. Interpreters with varying levels of expertise and experience participated in the experiments, and their data observation patterns were profiled using an ETS and their brain responses were monitored using EEG techniques. This thesis reports three applications of the ETS and EEG techniques, and their potential to be used to understand biases in geological target spotting. The first application used eye gaze movements, captured through ETS to identify effective data observation practices. Variability in data observation patterns of different interpreters and their target spotting outcomes were analysed. The results show that target spotting performances can be improved by observing the data more
Optimum Design of Transformer-Type Marchand Balun Using Scalable Integrated Passive Device Technology

A simple and effective technique for designing transformer-type Marchand baluns is presented in this paper. The coupled-line sections required in a Marchand balun design are realized using planar transformers with a scalable model. The proposed design technique enables the prediction and optimization of Marchand balun performance over a wide range of layout and process parameters. To demonstrate the optimization process, Marchand baluns are designed for implementation using silicon and glass integrated passive device (IPD) technologies. Finally, experimental verification shows very good agreement between the modeled and measured results, thereby validating the IPD design optimization.
Counteracting malicious users in cognitive radio networks over imperfect reporting channels

Spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack are serious threats to collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS) of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In this paper, inspired by EM (Expectation Maximization) method, we propose a scheme to estimate the presences of primary user (PU) and the SUs' operating point parameters (false alarm and detection probabilities) iteratively. The key features of the proposed scheme is that, by using the estimated SUs' operating point parameters, the fusion center can estimate the presences of the PU, while the PU's state information is feedback to enhance the estimation accuracy of SUs' operating point parameters. Furthermore, our scheme can achieve a powerful capability of eliminating incorrect sensing reports, which can avoid over penalize the honest users who have random errors in reporting channels. The numerical result shows that, the proposed method can achieve higher malicious user detection accuracy than the existing reputation-based schemes, and can thus improve the CSS performance significantly.
Bioinformatics Applications Note Genetics and Population Analysis Genevar: a Database and Java Application for the Analysis and Visualization of Snp-gene Associations in Eqtl Studies

Genevar (GENe Expression VARiation) is a database and Java tool designed to integrate multiple datasets, and provides analysis and visualization of associations between sequence variation and gene expression. Genevar allows researchers to investigate expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) associations within a gene locus of interest in real time. The database and application can be installed on a standard computer in database mode and, in addition, on a server to share discoveries among affiliations or the broader community over the Internet via web services protocols.
Analysis of the discontinuities in prioritized tasks-space control under discreet task scheduling operations

This paper examines the control continuity in hierarchical task-space controllers. While the continuity is ensured for any a priori fixed number of tasks -even in ill-conditioned configurations-, the control resulting from a hierarchical stack-of-task computation may not be continuous under some discrete events. In particular, we study how the continuity of the stack-of-task control computation is affected under discreet scheduling operations such as on-the-fly priority switching between tasks, or tasks insertion and removal, which changes the number of tasks in the stack controller. Different ways to formulate a hierarchy of tasks are presented together with their continuity properties, which is thoroughly analyzed under such discreet scheduling operations.
CARRYING OUT A PRACTICAL INVESTIGATION: THE STUDENT- EXPERIENCED CURRICULUM

Assessment of student learning for qualifications has long been contentious, particularly the reliability and validity of various assessment methods and the impact of assessment on the nature of student learning. There is, for example, controversy about norm-referencing versus standards-based assessment of student learning with different stakeholders holding different political agenda. In this study these issues are investigated by research into a recently implemented qualification for secondary school students in New Zealand – the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA). Proponents of NCEA suggest this regime acknowledges a wider range of student achievements than previous qualifications. Opponents of NCEA lament the ‘fragmented’, ‘atomistic’ approach to learning, and the lack of incentive for students to compete and strive for excellence. While other New Zealand research reports on national trends in the way school programmes are responding to the changes associated with the implementation of NCEA, little is known about the classroom curriculum students are actually achieving. This interpretive study presents findings from classroom-based case studies investigating the nature of the student-experienced curriculum for the NCEA Science Achievement Standard 1.1 Carrying out a practical investigation with direction. These findings indicate that the achievement standard is exerting a strong influence over the nature of student learning, with students experiencing purposeful and focused learning within a structured teaching programme. The emphasis in the standard on fair testing has implications for students’ understanding of the nature of scientific inquiry by limiting their exposure to the range of methods that scientists use in
Big Questions Facing Vocational Psychology: A Cognitive Information Processing Perspective

This article draws upon the authors’ experience in developing cognitive information processing theory in order to examine three important questions facing vocational psychology and assessment: (a) Where should new knowledge for vocational psychology come from? (b) How do career theories and research find their way into practice? and (c) What is the nature of career development and vocational choice in a global economy? Topics include the interdisciplinary nature of knowledge in this field, the extensive information provided by established career theories and applications, the ongoing need to inform practice through theory and research, the transformation and dissemination of knowledge from the laboratory to the field, and the common themes among education and work issues in a global economy.
Validation of the Distress Thermometer worldwide: state of the science

The Distress Thermometer (DT) has been used in psycho‐oncology research across the globe and has been recommended as a clinical tool to be used routinely in cancer settings to detect clinically significant distress. We sought to characterize the translation and validation of the DT in cancer patients in different countries and cultures and summarize how the translated versions function to detect clinically significant distress.