Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE DISTRIBUTION OF DARK MATTER IN THE HALO OF THE EARLY-TYPE GALAXY NGC 4636

We present the density structure of dark matter in the outer parts (to about seven effective radii) of the elliptical galaxy NGC 4636, from the radial velocities of 174 globular clusters (GCs), using the non-parametric, inverse algorithm CHASSIS. We find the galaxy to be rich in dark matter, with R-band mass-to-light ratios (M/L) rising to about 30, at nearly 4Re; the K-band M/L at about 3Re is found to be nearly 10. The result does not depend on applying the method to the red and blue GCs separately. This estimate of M/L is higher than the previous analysis from the same kinematic data. We also find that the dark-matter distribution is highly concentrated toward the inner halo.
Pervasive Computing and Environmental Sustainability: Two Conference Workshops

Raising people's awareness with environmental data and educational information does not necessarily trigger sufficient motivation to change their habits towards a more environmentally friendly and sustainable lifestyle. This article reports on two workshops at Pervasive 2008 and UbiComp 2008 that sought to develop a better understanding how to go beyond just informing and into motivating and encouraging action and change. Drawing on participatory culture, ubiquitous computing, and real-time information, participants discussed research and development of viable new design approaches and information interfaces that can strengthen our position to meet the targets of the Kyoto protocol, and contribute to the sustainability of a low-carbon future.
Lecture Notes on Quantum Statistics

Preface These notes are meant to form the material for an introductory course on quantum statistics at the graduate level, aimed at mathematical statisti-cians and probabilists. No background in physics (quantum or otherwise) is required. They are still far from complete. Quantum statistics as we mean it here is statistical inference based on data obained from measurement of a quantum system. The reader is probably aware that quantum physics makes stochastic predictions about reality. The actual outcome of an experiment involving measurements on some small number of elementary particles cannot be predicted. Rather, quantum mechanics allows one to compute the probability distribution of the outcomes. This probability distribution will depend on a speciication of the system under study and on the chosen measurement apparatus. Often such a spec-iication depends on parameters which are not known in advance and then the data could be used to gain information about them. These parameters could correspond to classical, macroscopic features of the system producing these elementary particles. Examples could be the orientation or position of apparatus producing a stream of photons in a quantum communication system, or properties of some distant star or other astronomical object so distant or weak that we can only detect a nite number of photons from this source during a nite observational period. In the past, physical predictions made on quantum systems typically involved huge numbers of identical particles and focussed on their collective behaviour. The random nature of the outcome was submerged by the law of large numbers, and the aim was to compute expectated values and correlations. Thus quantum physics provided exact predictions of non-random, aggregate properties. Statistical questions might have been important but the underlying stochastic nature of the phenomenon under study at the level of individual particles did not play a role. Nowadays however experimentation and theory are focussing more and more on manipulating truly small quantum systems consisting of just one or a really small number of atoms, electrons, photons or whatever. Technology will surely follow. Theory and ii iii speculation on such topics as quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum communication channels, far outrun experiment and technology but these are also developing fast and will in the near future, we believe, supply real life statistical problems prototypical forms of which are studied in these notes. Does the reader need a background in physics in order to study quantum statistics? We believe not. …
Reflectance Spectroscopy Study of Cd Contamination in the Sediments of the Changjiang River , China

Sediments of the Changjiang River have been found in recent studies to be enriched in cadmium (Cd). The possibility and mechanisms for evaluating total Cd concentration and its binding form using reflectance spectroscopy within the visible-near-infrared (VNIR) region (400-2500 nm) have been investigated. Bottom sediments (69 samples) in the lower reaches of the river were collected for chemical analyses and spectral measurements. Total Cd concentration in the sediments was found to be exponentially related to the spectral proxies for organic matter (spectral reflectance at 400-530 nm), clay minerals (first derivative (FD) values at the shoulders related to absorption bands near 1400, 1900, and 2200 nm), and Fe oxides (FD values at 560760 nm). The results indicated that the spectrally featureless Cd was mostly bound to these spectrally active materials, which made it possible for Cd concentration to be determined from reflectance spectra. This conclusion was also confirmed by the results of chemically sequential extraction of Cd. This study has demonstrated the usage and theoretical basis of reflectance spectroscopy, which is a rapid and inexpensive analytical method, for evaluating contamination by heavy metals and their binding forms in sediments.
Biting the silver bullet: toward a brighter future for system development

The author responds to two discouraging position papers by F.B. Brooks, Jr. (see ibid., vol.20, no.4, p 10-19, 1987) and D.L. Parnas (see Commun. ACM, vol.28, no.12, p.1326-35, 1985) regarding the potential of software engineering. While agreeing with most of the specific points made in both papers, he illuminates the brighter side of the coin, emphasizing developments in the field that were too recent or immature to have influenced Brooks and Parnas when they wrote their manuscripts. He reviews their arguments, and then considers a class of systems that has been termed reactive, which are widely considered to be particularly problematic. He reviews a number of developments that have taken place in the past several years and submits that they combine to form the kernel of a solid general-purpose approach to the development of complex reactive systems. <<ETX>>
Band offsets and heterostructures of two-dimensional semiconductors

The band offsets and heterostructures of monolayer and few-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) are investigated from first principles calculations. The band alignments between different MX2 monolayers are calculated using the vacuum level as reference, and a simple model is proposed to explain the observed chemical trends. Some of the monolayers and their heterostructures show band alignments suitable for potential applications in spontaneous water splitting, photovoltaics, and optoelectronics. The strong dependence of the band offset on the number of layers also implicates a possible way of patterning quantum structures with thickness engineering.
Migration Processes Modeling with Cellular Automation

The problem of interregional migration flows modeling is being studied. The conjecture that modeling household migration behavior at local level in view of community interactions and using cellular automata results in adequate forecasting of interregional migration flows has been numerically confirmed. A computer program was developed in order to implement the cellular automaton suggested in this study, which models interregional migration flows. Cellular automaton program was tested on Primorsky krai migration flows statistical data; a short-term forecast of the region migration flows was obtained.
Combinatorial Immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy attempts to harness the immune system by breaking tolerance and generating a robust anticancer response. We have recently demonstrated a synergistic enhancement in tumor clearance following therapeutic, dual PD-1 and LAG-3 blockade. Here, we discuss the implications of these findings in the context of future combinatorial immunotherapeutic approaches.
PCA = Gabor for Expression RecognitionMatthew

We show that Gabor lter representations of facial images give quantitatively indistinguishable results for classiication of facial expressions as local PCA representations, in contrast to other recent work. We then show that a linear discriminant analysis performed on the Gabor lter representation automatically locates the important regions corresponding to the facial actions involved in portraying emotion. Finally, we introduce a cognitively plausible method of \peeking" at an (unlabeled) test set to improve generalization. 1 Background Facial expression research has a long history in the psychological literature, but rigorous , systematic study of facial movement and its relationship to aaective state was revolutionized by the development of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Ek-man and Friesen, 1978). See Ekman and Rosenberg (1997) for a recent collection of important papers in research with FACS. As an outgrowth of this research, Ek-man and Friesen also proposed a quantiication of some of the ways in which six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust), are proto-typically conveyed. They validated 110 photographs of 14 FACS experts portraying these prototypical expressions and published them as the Pictures of Facial AAect (POFA) (Ekman and Friesen, 1976). In this paper, we focus on machine classiication of prototypical facial expressions from static images. In computer vision, several successful projects have used dynamic image sequences to analyze facial action (Cohn et al. Though facial action is inherently dynamic and the dynamics are crucial for understanding the relationships between aaect and expression, the static photographs in POFA are used extensively in perceptual experiments, partly because our perception of prototypical expressions of emotion may provide clues about how we infer emotion from our perception of people's faces. Also, the fact that naive human subjects show a high degree of agreement on emotional classiication of POFA faces suggests that they have implicitly learned the static signals of facial actions that best allow them to interpret photographs. Our primary interest in computerized facial expression recognition,
GeneCardsTM 2002: towards a complete, object-oriented, human gene compendium

MOTIVATION In the post-genomic era, functional analysis of genes requires a sophisticated interdisciplinary arsenal. Comprehensive resources are challenged to provide consistently improving, state-of-the-art tools. RESULTS GeneCards (Rebhan et al., 1998) has made innovative strides: (a). regular updates and enhancements incorporating new genes enriched with sequences, genomic locations, cDNA assemblies, orthologies, medical information, 3D protein structures, gene expression, and focused SNP summaries; (b). restructured software using object-oriented Perl, migration to schema-driven XML, and (c). pilot studies, introducing methods to produce cards for novel and predicted genes.
Full-Pose Geometric Tracking Control on SE(3) for Laterally Bounded Fully-Actuated Aerial Vehicles

We introduce a control strategy for fully-actuated aerial vehicles to independently track trajectories in position and orientation. The technique is suited for platforms endowed with non-coplanar or vectoring-thrust rotors that change the orientation of the total thrust w.r. t. the body frame, thus achieving a complete exploitation of the 6 DoFs of the rigid body in 3D space. We introduce a new class of abstract aerial systems named Laterally Bounded Fully-Actuated vehicles (LBFA), in which most of the control authority is expressed along a principal thrust direction, while in the lateral directions a typically weaker force can be exploited to achieve full-pose tracking. LBFA systems naturally generalize underactuated aerial vehicles. We propose a geometric control for LBFAs that, once limited the set of admissible exerted forces within reasonable constraints, naturally extends the geometric control on SE(3) for underactuated aerial vehicles. The exponential tracking of a feasible full-pose reference trajectory is proven using a Lyapunov technique in SE(3). The controller can deal with both the under- and the fully-actuated configuration, without any issue of discontinuity. The controller guarantees the tracking of at least the positional part in the case that an unfeasible full-pose reference trajectory is provided.
Lesson learned from attempts to implement daily build

We were commissioned to establish one organisation's possibility to implement a daily build process. For this purpose, we have developed a model aiding us in evaluating the organisation's readiness to implement the process. Here, we present our evaluation model and the lesson learned from using it when attempting to determine the organisation's readiness to fully integrate a daily build process with their already extant software development and evolution processes.
Induction of HIV-1 Replication in Latently Infected CD4+ T Cells Using a Combination of Cytokines

Although it has been demonstrated that certain cytokines, particularly proinflammatory cytokines, can enhance ongoing viral replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-1–infected individuals, it is unclear what role these cytokines play in the induction of HIV-1 replication in latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells. This study demonstrates that the in vitro combination of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α together with the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-2 are potent inducers of viral replication in highly purified, latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells derived from HIV-infected individuals who are antiretroviral therapy–naive as well as those who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Viral replication induced by this combination of cytokines was completely suppressed in the presence of HAART in vitro. Given that an array of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-2, are copiously expressed in the microenvironment of the lymphoid tissues, which harbor the latent viral reservoirs, induction of HIV by this combination of cytokines may in part explain the commonly observed reappearance of detectable plasma viremia in HIV-infected individuals in whom HAART was discontinued. Moreover, since it is likely that these infected cells die upon activation of virus and that HAART prevents spread of virus to adjacent cells, the observation that this combination of cytokines can markedly induce viral replication in this reservoir may have important implications for the activation-mediated diminution of the latent reservoir of HIV in patients receiving HAART.
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Population dynamics on edamame soybeans in Nebraska, USA

Edamame are soybeans harvested at a physiologically immature (R6) stage as a specialty food item for fresh and processed (frozen) markets. The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a newly introduced insect pest of soybeans in North America. This field study was to provide baseline information on the impact of A. glycines on the edamame soybean. This study determined the population growth rate of A. glycines on two edamame soybean cultivars, ‘Butterbeans’ and ‘Envy,’ at two planting dates during 2004 and 2005 in Nebraska. Aphid population growth was significantly higher on 'Butterbeans' than on 'Envy' for the first planting date in both 2004 and 2005 seasons, whereas the second planting date only had significant higher soybean infestations on 'Butterbeans' during the 2005 season. The infestation difference was the greatest on plants at the late reproductive growth stages, R5 and R6, in 2005. Aphid’s infestation at 'Butterbeans' growth stages in 2005 was significantly different for the first and second planting dates. The aphids were higher on plants at the R6 and R5 growth stages than the other stages for first and second planting dates, respectively. However, ‘Envy’ growth stages in 2005 did not exhibit significantly different average aphid infestation during the first and second planting dates. This study revealed that soybean aphid population growth on edamame soybeans is affected by the planting date, season, and cultivar choice.
Protecting Android applications with steganography-based software watermarking

In this paper, we propose a steganography-based software watermarking scheme to protect Android applications from software piracy. Considering the resource limitations in mobile devices, it is difficult to apply previous software watermarking schemes in mobile applications. To decrease the watermarking overhead in a watermarking scheme, such as a slowdown in the execution of applications after embedding a watermark, we proposed a different approach that applies steganography-based techniques in software watermarking. The proposed scheme embeds watermarks by reordering the sequence of instructions in the basic blocks in Dalvik executable files.
Perspective correct normal vectors for Phong shading

Linear shading interpolation is not physically correct in perspective projection. We present a perspective correct interpolation method. Our method achieves the perspective correct interpolation in the standard graphics pipeline in contrast to other's that is calculated in a nonstandard graphics pipeline or by using similar triangles technology. We also show how to use this perspective interpolation to get the perspective correct normal vectors for applications such as Phong shading.
Design and Evaluation of a Wireless Fair Queueing Algorithm with Weighted-Sacrificing Policy

─ Fair scheduling algorithms have been proposed to tackle the problem of bursty and location-dependent errors in wireless packet networks. Most of those algorithms ensure the fairness property and guarantee the QoS of all sessions in a large-scale cellular network such as GSM or GPRS.In this paper, we propose the Weighted-Sacrificing Fair Queueing (WSFQ) scheduling algorithm for small-area and device-limited wireless networks. WSFQ slows down the growth of queue length in limited-buffer devices, still maintains the properties of fairness, and guarantees the throughputs of the system. Moreover, WSFQ can easily adapt itself to various kinds of traffic load. We also implement a packet-based scheduling algorithm, the Packetized Weighted Sacrificing Fair Queueing (PWSFQ), to approach the WSFQ. WSFQ and PWSFQ are evaluated by comparing with other algorithms by mathematic analysis simulations.
MLPQ/GIS: A GIS using Linear Constraint Databases

This paper presents MLPQ/GIS, a GIS database system that allows powerful and easy querying via a graphical user interface. The internal data representation of MLPQ/GIS is based on linear constraint databases, which can describe geo-spatio-temporal data, allow eecient conjunctive query evaluation, and facilitate data integration and database interoperability.
Consensus-Based Distributed Support Vector Machines

This paper develops algorithms to train support vector machines when training data are distributed across different nodes, and their communication to a centralized processing unit is prohibited due to, for example, communication complexity, scalability, or privacy reasons. To accomplish this goal, the centralized linear SVM problem is cast as a set of decentralized convex optimization sub-problems (one per node) with consensus constraints on the wanted classifier parameters. Using the alternating direction method of multipliers, fully distributed training algorithms are obtained without exchanging training data among nodes. Different from existing incremental approaches, the overhead associated with inter-node communications is fixed and solely dependent on the network topology rather than the size of the training sets available per node. Important generalizations to train nonlinear SVMs in a distributed fashion are also developed along with sequential variants capable of online processing. Simulated tests illustrate the performance of the novel algorithms.
A new bidirectional algorithm for shortest paths

For finding a shortest path in a network the bidirectional A* algorithm is a widely known algorithm. An A* instance requires a heuristic estimate, a real-valued function on the set of nodes. The version of bidirectional~A* that is considered the most appropriate in literature hitherto, uses so-called balanced heuristic estimates. This means that the two estimates of the two directions are in balance, i.e., their sum is a constant value. In this paper, we do not restrict ourselves any longer to balanced heuristics. A generalized version of bidirectional A* is proposed, where the heuristic estimate does not need to be balanced. This new version turns out to be faster than the one with the balanced heuristic.
ANALISIS PENGARUH JUMLAH PENDUDUK, PDRB, IPM, PENGANGGURAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN / KOTA JAWA TENGAH

Poverty is a complex problem which is related with many kind of aspects like the rights for food, health, education, job, etc. To decrease the poverty needs support and collaboration of society and the government’s serious efforts. The average rate of poverty in Central Java is relatively higher than other 6 provinces of Java, lying on first level between 2004-2008. This study is aimed to analize how and how much the influence of population variabel, GRDP, Human Development Index and unemployment to the rate of poverty in regency/city of Central Java. Regression model used is Ordinary Least Squares Regression by using a panel data using fixed effects approach. This study uses a dummy year as one of the variables. The use of dummy years in this study is to look at variations in poverty levels over time in Central Java. The test result simultaneously shows that, totally, independent variable together can point it’s influence to the rate of poverty. And R-squared value of 0.609 which means 60,9% rate of poverty variable can be explained by independent variable. While the rest, the 40%, explained by other factors outside of the model. Research results show population variable positively and significantly influence the rate of poverty in Central Java, GRDP negatively and significantly influence the rate of poverty in Central Java, Human Development Index negatively and significantly influence the rate of poverty in Central Java and unemployment negatively and not significantly influence the rate of poverty in Central Java.
Large N Duality, Mirror Symmetry, and a Q-deformed A-polynomial for Knots

We reconsider topological string realization of SU(N) Chern-Simons theory on S^3. At large N, for every knot K in S^3, we obtain a polynomial A_K(x,p;Q) in two variables x,p depending on the t'Hooft coupling parameter Q=e^{Ng_s}. Its vanishing locus is the quantum corrected moduli space of a special Lagrangian brane L_K, associated to K, probing the large N dual geometry, the resolved conifold. Using a generalized SYZ conjecture this leads to the statement that for every such Lagrangian brane L_K we get a distinct mirror of the resolved conifold given by uv=A_K(x,p;Q). Perturbative corrections of the refined B-model for the open string sector on the mirror geometry capture BPS degeneracies and thus the knot homology invariants. Thus, in terms of its ability to distinguish knots, the classical function A_K(x,p;Q) contains at least as much information as knot homologies. In the special case when N=2, our observations lead to a physical explanation of the generalized (quantum) volume conjecture. Moreover, the specialization to Q=1 of A_K contains the classical A-polynomial of the knot as a factor.