Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MATE AVAILABILITY AND FECUNDITY SELECTION IN MULTI‐ALLELIC SELF‐INCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEMS IN PLANTS

We investigate mate availability in different models of multiallelic self‐incompatibility systems in mutation‐selection‐drift balance in finite populations. Substantial differences among self‐incompatibility systems occur in average mate availability, and in variances of mate availability among individual plants. These differences are most pronounced in small populations in which low mate availability may reduce seed set in some types of sporophytic self‐incompatibility. In cases where the pollination system causes a restriction in the number of pollen genotypes available to an individual plant, the fecundity of that plant depends on the availability of compatible pollen, which is determined by its genotype at the incompatibility locus. This leads to an additional component of selection acting on self‐incompatibility systems, which we term “fecundity selection. ” Fecundity selection increases the number of alleles maintained in finite populations and increases mate availability in small populations. The strength of fecundity selection is dependent on the type of self‐incompatibility. In some cases, fecundity selection markedly alters the equilibrium dynamics of self‐incompatibility alleles. We discuss the population genetic consequences of mate availability and fecundity selection in the contexts of conservation management of self‐incompatible plant species and experimental investigations on self‐incompatibility in natural populations.
Prevention and Treatment of Flatulence From a Traditional Persian Medicine Perspective

Context The feeling of abdominal fullness, bloating, and movement of gas in the abdomen is a very uncomfortable sensation termed flatulence. Since flatulence is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms that is bothersome to patients, it is important to identify effective methods to resolve this issue. In modern medicine, management of flatulence is often not satisfactory. On the other hand, traditional systems of medicine can be considered good potential sources to find new approaches for preventing and treating flatulence. The aim of this study is to review flatulence treatments from a traditional Persian medicine (TPM) viewpoint. Evidence Acquisition In this study, the reasons for flatulence and methods for its prevention and treatment are reviewed in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) texts and then related with evidence from modern medicine by searching in databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and IranMedex. Results From a traditional Persian scholar viewpoint, one of the most important causes of flatulence is an incorrect manner of eating; valuable advice to correct bad eating habits will be illustrated. In addition, traditional practitioners describe some herbs and vegetables as well as herbal compounds that are effective food additives to relieve flatulence. The anti-flatulent effect of most of these herbs has been experimentally verified using modern medicine. Conclusions Attention to TPM can lead to the identification of new preventive and curative approaches to avoid and treat flatulence. In addition, Persian viewpoints from the medieval era regarding flatulence are historically important.
Vision based navigation using road-intersection image

This paper suggests the estimation method of the UAV's navigation information using an intersection image. When the UAV takes pictures of terrain vertically in the low altitude, the difference between two branch's azimuths is constant regardless of the position and azimuth. According to this idea, the database consists of the latitude, longitude and branch's azimuth of intersections. And the captured image data obtained from an image processing are built up similarly. The difference of branch's azimuth is calculated by the data of database and an image. It is possible to identify the relation between intersections and corresponding points on the image plane by comparing to the pattern. It can be easily shown that the scale factor is the distance ratio between identified intersections and corresponding points, and the UAV's altitude is calculated by the scale factor and camera parameters. Finally, it is possible to estimate the latitude and longitude of the UAV as using the geometric relation between an identified intersection, point, and the center point of an image plane.
Negative transcriptional regulation of connexin 43 by Tbx2 in rat immature coronal sutures and ROS 17/2.8 cells in culture.

BACKGROUND Tbx2 is a member of the T-box family of transcriptional regulatory genes with an extensive but not yet fully understood role in embryonic development. This study explores the potential role of Tbx2 in calvarial morphogenesis. OBJECTIVES To explore the hypothesis that Tbx2 has a negative regulatory effect on the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), a protein necessary for cell-to-cell communication; document the presence of Tbx2 protein in the developing cranial sutures; and determine the spatial pattern of expression of this developmentally regulated transcription factor in calvariae. DESIGN The osteoblast-like cell line ROS 17/2.8 was stably transfected with sense or antisense Tbx2. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting was used to study Tbx2 and Cx43 expression in these cells and sections of embedded developing coronal sutures. RESULTS The ROS 17/2.8 cells transfected with antisense Tbx2 showed a decrease in expression of Tbx2 protein and an increase in expression of endogenous Cx43. The reverse is seen with sense-transfected cells. Both of these proteins are expressed in rat developing coronal sutures. The pattern of Tbx2 expression in the developing was also reciprocal to the pattern of Cx43 expression. Tbx2 protein is concentrated in the center of the sutural blastema, an area devoid of Cx43 protein localization. Conversely, Tbx2 protein expression is low in the periphery of the sutures, in which there is high Cx43 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these studies suggest that Tbx2 protein is a negative regulator of Cx43 expression at the transcriptional level in cranial sutures in vivo.
Bidirectional Integration of Pipeline Models

Traditional information extraction systems adopt pipeline strategies, which are highly ineffective and suffer from several problems such as error propagation. Typically, pipeline models fail to produce highly-accurate final output. On the other hand, there has been growing interest in integrated or joint models which explore mutual benefits and perform multiple subtasks simultaneously to avoid problems caused by pipeline models. However, building such systems usually increases computational complexity and requires considerable engineering. This paper presents a general, strongly-coupled, and bidirectional architecture based on discriminatively trained factor graphs for information extraction. First we introduce joint factors connecting variables of relevant subtasks to capture dependencies and interactions between them. We then propose a strong bidirectional MCMC sampling inference algorithm which allows information to flow in both directions to find the approximate MAP solution for all subtasks. Extensive experiments on entity identification and relation extraction using real-world data illustrate the promise of our approach.
A Stochastic Differential Equation SIRS Epidemic Model With Ratio-Dependent Incidence Rate

In this paper we study global dynamics of a general SIRS epidemic model with a ratiodependent incidence rate and its corresponding stochastic differential equation version. For the deterministic model, we show that the disease reproduction number R 0 determines whether there is an endemic outbreak or not: the disease free dynamics occurs if R 0 ≤ 1 while the unique endemic steady state is globally stable if R 0 > 1. For the stochastic model, we show that its related reproduction number R S 0 can determine whether there is a unique disease-free stationary distribution or a unique endemic stationary distribution. In addition, we provide analytic results regarding the stochastic boundedness, permanence/extinction, asymptotic stability as well as its related ergodic properties. One of the most interesting findings is that random fluctuations introduced in our stochastic model can suppress disease outbreak, which can provide us some useful control strategies to regulate disease dynamics. Combining our analytical and numerical results, we conclude that different stochastic modeling approaches can have different dynamical outcomes. This provides us a caution when we derive the stochastic models from a given deterministic model.
Effects of walking on medical cost: A quantitative evaluation by simulation focusing on diabetes

Recently, the prevalence of lifestyle‐related disease has increased, and its associated medical costs have become considerable. Although walking is thought to prevent lifestyle‐related disease, few studies have evaluated its effect on medical costs in Japanese subjects. We aimed at evaluating the effect of walking on medical costs by simulation mainly focusing on diabetes in the Japanese population.
Distress and Affective Dysregulation in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: A Psychophysiological Ambulatory Monitoring Study

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by enduring psychological distress and affective dysregulation. Several models have linked both phenomena, but are lacking empirical support. To investigate the relation between psychological distress and components of affective dysregulation (especially inability to label emotions, conflictive emotions, and physiological hyperarousal), we repeatedly assessed these components using a 24-hour ambulatory monitoring approach in a group of 50 BPD patients and 50 healthy controls. Hierarchical linear model analyses identified a clear relation between inability to label emotions and distress in the BPD group (p = 0.0009) but not across all subjects (p = 0.6492). Conflictive emotions were related to psychological distress in both groups (p < 0.0001). This relation is, however, most pertinent to the BPD group who experienced conflicting emotions more frequently. Physiological arousal (heart rate) was related to distress in both groups. Our empirical findings emphasize training in labeling emotions and distress tolerance interventions in treatment for BPD.
Constipation and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study

Objective To evaluate the correlation between constipation and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and nocturnal enuresis in a population-based study. Material and methods This is a cross-sectional study. The criteria for inclusion were children and adolescents of between 5 and 17 years and who agreed to sign the informed consent form. The study excluded students with neurological problems or who had documented abnormalities of the urinary tract. To identify the presence and severity of LUTD, we used the Voiding Dysfunction Symptom Score (DVSS). To evaluate the presence of constipation, Rome III questionnaire was used. Results We interviewed 829 children and adolescents, of which 416 (50.18%) were male. The mean (SD) age was 9.1 (±2.9) years. The overall prevalence of LUTD was 9.1%, predominantly in girls (15 versus 3.1%, p < 0.001). Constipation was found in 9.4% of boys and 12.4% of girls (p = 0.169). Constipated children were 6.8 times more likely to have LUTD than those not constipated (p < 0.001, coefficient and correlation of 0.411). Constipation was found in 8.2% of children without LUTD and in 35.2% of children with LUTD. We performed multivariate analysis to identify urinary symptoms that are independent predictors of the presence of constipation. The presence of infrequent urination (p = 0.004) and holding maneuvers (p < 0.001) were independent predictors. It was noted also noted that constipated children, according to the Rome III criteria, possess a worse DVSS (p < 0.001). Regarding the presence of nocturnal enuresis, 12.6% of children and adolescents had constipation in association with this symptom. However, this relationship was not statistically significant (p = 0.483). Conclusion Constipated children were 6.8 times more likely to have LUTD than those not constipated. Among the urinary symptoms, infrequent voiding and holding maneuvers are independent factors of urinary expressions in constipated children. Children with more severe constipation have more prominent urinary symptoms. The presence of enuresis was not associated with constipation.
Do Malware Reports Expedite Cleanup? An Experimental Study

Web-based malware is pervasive. Miscreants compromise insecure hosts or even set up dedicated servers to distribute malware to unsuspecting users. This scourge is mainly fought by the voluntary action of private actors who detect and report infections to affected site owners, hosting providers and registrars. In this paper we describe an experiment to assess whether sending reports to affected parties makes a measurable difference in cleaning up malware. Using community reports of malware submitted to StopBadware over two months in Fall 2011, we find evidence that detailed notices are immediately effective: 32% of malware-distributing websites are cleaned within one day of sending a notice, compared to just 13% of sites not receiving a notice. The improved cleanup rate holds for longer periods, too - 62% of websites receiving a detailed notice were cleaned up after 16 days, compared to 45% of websites not receiving a notice. It turns out that including details describing the compromise is essential for the notice to work - sending reports with minimal descriptions of the malware was found to be roughly as effective as not sending reports at all. Furthermore, we present evidence that sending multiple notices from two sources is not helpful. Instead, only the first transmitted notice makes a difference.
Chatbot for Generation of Subtitles in Regional Languages

: Videos are being watched by all people regardless of their native language. Most of the video content and lectures are in English. This makes it difficult for some people to access the content due to the difference in language. Currently, there are systems that provide subtitles for video content in the same language. We have come up with an innovative solution to this problem. The objective of this project is to generate subtitles in regional languages, such as Tamil, where the user gives the video as an input through a very simple user interface such as a chatbot.
KEMNAD: A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING METHODOLOGY FOR NEGOTIATING AGENT DEVELOPMENT

Automated negotiation is widely applied in various domains. However, the development of such systems is a complex knowledge and software engineering task. So, a methodology there will be helpful. Unfortunately, none of existing methodologies can offer sufficient, detailed support for such system development. To remove this limitation, this paper develops a new methodology made up of (1) a generic framework (architectural pattern) for the main task, and (2) a library of modular and reusable design pattern (templates) of subtasks. Thus, it is much easier to build a negotiating agent by assembling these standardized components rather than reinventing the wheel each time. Moreover, because these patterns are identified from a wide variety of existing negotiating agents (especially high impact ones), they can also improve the quality of the final systems developed. In addition, our methodology reveals what types of domain knowledge need to be input into the negotiating agents. This in turn provides a basis for developing techniques to acquire the domain knowledge from human users. This is important because negotiation agents act faithfully on the behalf of their human users and thus the relevant domain knowledge must be acquired from the human users. Finally, our methodology is validated with one high impact system.
16 Control and Scheduling Software for Flexible Manufacturing Cells

One of the most recent developments in the area of industrial automation is the concept of the Flexible Manufacturing Cells (FMC). These are highly computerized systems composed by several types of equipment, usually connected through a Local Area Network (LAN) under some hierarchical Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) structure (Kusiak, 1986) and (Waldner, 1992). FMC are capable of producing a broad variety of products and changing their characteristics quickly and frequently. This flexibility provides for more efficient use of resources, but makes the control of these systems more difficult. Developing an FMC is not an easy task. Usually, an FMC uses equipment (robots, CNC machines, ASRS, etc.) from different manufacturers, having their own programming languages and environments. CNC machines and industrial robots are still machines which are difficult to program, because it is necessary to be knowledgeable in several programming languages and environments. Each manufacturer has a particular programming language and environment (generally local). Robust and flexible control software is a necessity for developing an FMC. We are going to present several software applications developed for industrial robots and CNC machines. The objective of this software is to allow these equipments to be integrated, in an easy and efficient way, in modern Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) and FMC. For the industrial robots we are going to present the “winRS232ROBOTcontrol” and “winEthernetROBOTcontrol” software. For the CNC machines we are going to present the “winMILLcontrol”, for mills, and “winTURNcontrol”, for lathes. With this software, industrial robots and CNC machines can be integrated in modern FMC, in an easy and efficient way. Genetic algorithms (GA) can provide good solutions for scheduling problems. In this chapter we also are going to present a GA to solve scheduling problems in FMC, which
From conformal embeddings to quantum symmetries: an exceptional SU(4) example

We briefly discuss several algebraic tools that are used to describe the quantum symmetries of Boundary Conformal Field Theories on a torus. The starting point is a fusion category, together with an action on another category described by a quantum graph. For known examples, the corresponding modular invariant partition function, which is sometimes associated with a conformal embedding, provides enough information to recover the whole structure. We illustrate these notions with the example of the conformal embedding of SU(4) at level 4 into Spin(15) at level 1, leading to the exceptional quantum graph 4(SU(4)), and we determine its algebra of quantum symmetries.
Hardware-modulated parallelism in chip multiprocessors

Chip multi-processors (CMPs) already have widespread commercial availability, and technology roadmaps project enough on-chip transistors to replicate tens or hundreds of current processor cores. How will we express parallelism, partition applications, and schedule/place/migrate threads on these highly-parallel CMPs? This paper presents and evaluates a new approach to highly-parallel CMPs, advocating a new hardware-software contract. The software layer is encouraged to expose large amounts of multi-granular, heterogeneous parallelism. The hardware, meanwhile, is designed to offer low-overhead, low-area support for orchestrating and modulating this parallelism on CMPs at runtime. Specifically, our proposed CMP architecture consists of architectural and ISA support targeting thread creation, scheduling and context-switching, designed to facilitate effective hardware run-time mapping of threads to cores at low overheads.Dynamic modulation of parallelism provides the ability to respond to run-time variability that arises from dataset changes, memory system effects and power spikes and lulls, to name a few. It also naturally provides a long-term CMP platform with performance portability and tolerance to frequency and reliability variations across multiple CMP generations. Our simulations of a range of applications possessing do-all, streaming and recursive parallellism show speedups of 4-11.5X and energy-delay-product savings of 3.8X, on average, on a 16-core vs. a 1-core system. This is achieved with modest amounts of hardware support that allows for low overheads in thread creation, scheduling and context-switching. In particular, our simulations motivated the need for hardware support, showing that the large thread management overheads of current run-time software systems can lead to up to 6.5X slowdown. The difficulties faced in static scheduling were shown in our simulations with a static scheduling algorithm, fed with oracle profiled inputs suffering up to 107% slowdown compared to NDP's hardware scheduler, due to its inability to handle memory system variabilities. More broadly, we feel that the ideas presented here show promise for scaling to the systems expected in ten years, where the advantages of high transistor counts may be dampened by difficulties in circuit variations and reliability. These issues will make dynamic scheduling and adaptation mandatory; our proposals represent a first step towards that direction.
Prostaglandin I2 and Indomethacin Prevent Impairment of Post‐Ischemic Brain Reperfusion in the Dog

Twenty-seven heparinized dogs were exposed to 35 min of cerebrospinal fluid compression ischemia followed by 30 min of recirculation. The degree and distribution of post-ischemic reperfusion was then assessed by means of a 14C-antipyrine autoradiographic blood flow study. The animals were assigned to groups by the administration of drugs as follows: 1) no additional drugs; 2) indomethacin 1.5 or 4 mg/kg prior to ischemia; 3) indomethacin 4 mg/kg 5 min after ischemia; 4) prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) infusion 30-180 ng/kg/min beginning 5 min after ischemia; and 5) indomethacin 4 mg/kg 5 min after ischemia plus PGI2 infusion 30-130 ng/kg/min beginning 5 min after ischemia. Animals receiving no additional drugs had relatively low post-ischemic blood flows with focal zones of greatly impaired reperfusion. Animals receiving either indomethacin or PGI2 after ischemia did not differ significantly from the no additional drug group. A significant enhancement of post-ischemic reperfusion occurred in animals receiving indomethacin prior to ischemia and those receiving the combination of indomethacin and PGI2 after ischemia. These observations implicate an imbalance in prostaglandin pathways at the blood-endothelial interface in the genesis of post-ischemic reflow impairment and suggest novel drug therapy for enhancing nutrient flow after ischemia.
Elastic strips normalisation model for higher iris recognition performance

Iris recognition is among the best biometric systems. Characterised by the iris's uniqueness, universality, distinctiveness, permanence and collectability, the iris recognition system achieves high performance and real time response. In this study, the authors propose an improved iris normalisation model applied after a precise iris segmentation process. The normalisation model defines a new reference space for iris features. It normalises the iris using radial strips with a shape that changes between the pupil's boundary and the circular approximation of the iris's outer boundary. Moreover, the effect of the centres of the normalisation strips is evaluated by assessing the recognition performance when comparing three different centres configurations. The approach is tested on 2491 images from the CASIA V3 database. The system's performance is measured at the matching stage. Higher decidability and recognition accuracy at equal error rate is obtained. Detection error tradeoff curves are estimated by using the proposed model and compared with Daugman's reference system for assessing performance improvement.