Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immobilisation of Antibodies and Antigens on Macro Solid Phases — A Comparison Between Adsorptive and Covalent Binding. A critical study of macro solid phases for use in immunoassay systems, Part I

This article describes a comparison between adsorption and covalent binding of protein-conjugates (bovine serum albumin-diazoluminol), antibodies (sheep anti-human thyrotropin) and haptens ([125]thyroxine) to polystyrene, nylon and glass balls. Different combinations of adsorption and covalent binding were used; these varying with the solid phase in question. Polystyrene balls were preactivated by adsorption of a copolymer of phenylalanine and lysine (poly phe-lys) from aqueous solution. The treated balls were then in most cases chemically activated with pentane-1,5-dial before coupling the substance under test. Polystyrene balls were directly chemically activated by nitration followed by reduction and diazotisation. Nylon balls were either used as received or partially hydrolysed with either hydrochloride acid or sodium hydroxide before further use. Chemical activation was carried out using either carbodiimides or pentane-1,5-dial, the latter proving to be unsuitable because of cross-linking between amino groups on the ball surface. Glass balls were coated with organofunctional aminosilanes followed by chemical activation with pentane-1,5-dial. The best results were obtained using nylon balls activated with carbodiimides and with polystyrene balls coated with poly phe-lys and chemically activated with pentane-1,5-dial. Glass balls proved to be unsuitable as the coating precision was poor under laboratory conditions.
Hybrid Logic and Uncertain Logic

Probabilistic logic and credibilistic logic are two branches of multi-valued logic for dealing with random knowledge and fuzzy knowledge, respectively. In this paper, a hybrid logic is introduced for dealing with random knowledge and fuzzy knowledge simultaneously. First, a hybrid formula is introduced on the basis of random proposition and fuzzy proposition. Furthermore, a hybrid truth value is deflned by chance measure. As a generalization of probabilistic logic, credibilistic logic and hybrid logic, an uncertain logic is proposed to deal with the general uncertain knowledge. Within the framework of uncertainty theory, the uncertain truth value is deflned by uncertain measure and some of its basic properties are studied including the law of excluded middle, the law of contradiction and the law of truth conservation. c
Bootstrapping an Italian VerbNet: data-driven analysis of verb alternations

The goal of this paper is to propose a classification of the syntactic alternations admitted by the most frequent Italian verbs. The data-driven two-steps procedure exploited and the structure of the identified classes of alternations are presented in depth and discussed. Even if this classification has been developed with a practical application in mind, namely the semi-automatic building of a VerbNet-like lexicon for Italian verbs, partly following the methodology proposed in the context of the VerbNet project, its availability may have a positive impact on several related research topics and Natural Language Processing tasks
Design of a power efficient self-adaptive LVDS driver

: A self-adaptive technique is presented for a low voltage di ﬀ er-ential signaling (LVDS) driver. By combining a high speed voltage detection circuit and drive capability control loop, the proposed architecture can adapt to the changes of output load and operating frequency automatically. This makes the driver suitable for using in ﬁ eld programmable gate array (FPGA), where load and frequency variation is large. Compared to previously reported LVDS drivers with ﬁ xed drive capability, the proposed driver eliminates power wasting under small load and low frequency condition. A prototype chip has been fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology. Test results show the proposed driver improves maximum bit rate to 2.2 Gb / s and reduces power consumption by 48% compared to previously reported works with ﬁ xed drive capability.
Influenza and the anaesthesiologist

The advent of yet another influenza mutant, the ‘new influenza A (H1N1) virus’, has caused unprecedented concern among health authorities in industrialized countries. A high case-fatality rate associated with the initial outbreak in Mexico earlier this year seemed to compare with that of the influenza pandemics of the early 20th century, in particular, the ‘Spanish flu’ of 1918–1920, which claimed between 20 and 100 million lives (2–20% of those infected). WHO declared the new influenza A-H1N1 a pandemic in June after worldwide spread. The prospect of a deadly pandemic led to an increased demand for antivirals and a pressure on drug companies to speed up vaccine development. Similarly, medicine agencies in Europe and the United States have been advised to shortcut the approval process for both vaccines and antivirals, commodities that poor countries cannot even hope to afford. Late summer, a rapid spread in the early autumn was expected. But the initial scare was short-lived. The first phase of the pandemic has passed without affecting more than a fraction of the populations of countries with good influenza surveillance. Notwithstanding the real possibility of a second phase – or a ‘surge’ – coinciding with, or replacing, the seasonal influenza of the winter months, the mortality rates associated with the first phase also informs us that in all likelihood the plague-like proportions of the 1918–1920 pandemic will not be repeated. Numbers
On the Use of Sensor Fusion to Reduce the Impact of Rotational and Additive Noise in Human Activity Recognition

The main objective of fusion mechanisms is to increase the individual reliability of the systems through the use of the collectivity knowledge. Moreover, fusion models are also intended to guarantee a certain level of robustness. This is particularly required for problems such as human activity recognition where runtime changes in the sensor setup seriously disturb the reliability of the initial deployed systems. For commonly used recognition systems based on inertial sensors, these changes are primarily characterized as sensor rotations, displacements or faults related to the batteries or calibration. In this work we show the robustness capabilities of a sensor-weighted fusion model when dealing with such disturbances under different circumstances. Using the proposed method, up to 60% outperformance is obtained when a minority of the sensors are artificially rotated or degraded, independent of the level of disturbance (noise) imposed. These robustness capabilities also apply for any number of sensors affected by a low to moderate noise level. The presented fusion mechanism compensates the poor performance that otherwise would be obtained when just a single sensor is considered.
UNDERGRADUATE TRAINING IN PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES—THE NEED TO TRAIN THE TRAINERS

There is general agreement among Mental Health professionals, that undergraduate training in Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences in most of the medical colleges in the country is unsatisfactory. Some of the reasons advanced for this unfortunate situation are :—insufficient teachinghours, inadequate staff, lack of interest on the part of students and our non-psychiatrist medical colleagues, absence of provision for examination in the subjects, ambiguity and controversy surrounding many psychiatric concepts and practices, lack of access to sophisticated audio-visual teaching aids etc. While there is no denying that these inadequacies have to be corrected, we should also look for more basic causes. A look at the problem in the world-context reveals, that, even in the more developed countries, with generous hours allotted to the teaching of the subjects during the undergraduate years, availability of adequate staff and the latest teaching aids, the extent to which the psycho-social dimension is assessed in patient-evaluation by medical students leaves a lot to be desired. James and Galletly (1982) found, for example, that though the undergraduate medical students at Otago University, New Zealand, have as many as 160 hours devoted to the teaching of Psychological Medicine, little dfference was found in the extent to which psychological data were recorded in two samples of General Hospital case-notes written 10 years apart, inspite of a significant increase of apparently relevant material taught in the same 10 years period. Burroughs (1978) also noted under-recording of psychological and social factors, as compared to the routine aspects of physical care, in the United Kingdom, South Africa and Canada. Ruff and Mechanik (1975) found that students tended to categorise patients according to the department in which they were first seen so that the same student who demonstrated psychological awareness in psychiatry gave little evidence of it in General Medicine, suffering that the skills acquired in the psychiatric wards do not generalise to the medical wards.
Cooperative hybrid cyclic delay diversity scheme in dual-hop wireless networks

Cooperative communication has been widely investigated to improve performance of wireless networks. In cooperative wireless system, various MIMO scheme such as OSTBC, CDD and V-BLAST can be easily applied and obtain diversity or multiplexing gain. These schemes cannot obtain diversity and multiplexing gain simultaneously. To guarantee both high throughput and reliable transmission, hybrid STBC can be applied. However, this typical hybrid scheme requires complex structure at the destination and generates a rate loss according to increasing the number of transmit antennas. Moreover, in cooperative wireless system, hybrid STBC is inflexible to choose relays because relays require specific STBC encoder. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the cooperative hybrid CDD scheme which can be easily applied with arbitrary number of relays without any rate loss. Furthermore, a modification is not necessary at the destination although the number of relays is changed.
Data augmentation for non-Gaussian regression models using variance-mean mixtures

We use the theory of normal variance-mean mixtures to derive a data-augmentation scheme for a class of common regularization problems. This generalizes existing theory on normal variance mixtures for priors in regression and classification. It also allows variants of the expectation-maximization algorithm to be brought to bear on a wider range of models than previously appreciated. We demonstrate the method on several examples, focusing on the case of binary logistic regression. We also show that quasi-Newton acceleration can substantially improve the speed of the algorithm without compromising its robustness. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Targeting Recovery in Persistent Persecutory Delusions: A Proof of Principle Study of a New Translational Psychological Treatment (the Feeling Safe Programme)

Background: Many patients do not respond adequately to current pharmacological or psychological treatments for psychosis. Persistent persecutory delusions are common in clinical services, and cause considerable patient distress and impairment. Our aim has been to build a new translational personalized treatment, with the potential for wide use, that leads to high rates of recovery in persistent persecutory delusions. We have been developing, and evaluating individually, brief modular interventions, each targeting a key causal factor identified from our cognitive model. These modules are now combined in “The Feeling Safe Programme”. Aims: To test the feasibility of a new translational modular treatment for persistent persecutory delusions and provide initial efficacy data. Method: 12 patients with persistent persecutory delusions in the context of non-affective psychosis were offered the 6-month Feeling Safe Programme. After assessment, patients chose from a personalized menu of treatment options. Four weekly baseline assessments were carried out, followed by monthly assessments. Recovery in the delusion was defined as conviction falling below 50% (greater doubt than certainty). Results: 11 patients completed the intervention. One patient withdrew before the first monthly assessment due to physical health problems. An average of 20 sessions (SD = 4.4) were received. Posttreatment, 7 out of 11 (64%) patients had recovery in their persistent delusions. Satisfaction ratings were high. Conclusions: The Feeling Safe Programme is feasible to use and was associated with large clinical benefits. To our knowledge this is the first treatment report focused on delusion recovery. The treatment will be tested in a randomized controlled trial.
Dosimetric concepts for optical radiation

Unlike penetrating ionizing radiation, optical radiation is generally absorbed very superficially. Ex- cept for a narrow band of visible and near-infrared (IR-A) radiation from approximately 400-1400 nm, skin and other biological tissues are nearly opaque to optical radiation. For this reason, volumetric or mass based concepts of absorbed dose are of little value. Additionally, the abosorbed radiant energy is conducted out of the absorbing site and for this reason thermal effects depend largely upon the size and location of the absorbing site as well as exposure and exposure rate. Con- cepts of exposure dose are therefore most useful and practical.
Syntaxes describing the information of the local secondary structure

Syntaxes describing the information of the local secondary structure The predicted secondary structure was marked with three symbols " (" , ") " , and ". " , representing the status of each nucleotide base. The ". " indicates that the nucleotide base is unpaired. The " (" and ") " indicates two paired nucleotide bases which are located near the 5'-end and near the 3'-end respectively. Taking into account the interaction of the two arms of the stem, five symbols " = " , " : " , ". " , "-" and " ^ " (indicating states of paired, unpaired, insertion, deletion and bulge, respectively) were introduced into the syntax to represent the status of each nucleotide base pair in the stem. Each of them corresponded to the status of the match, mismatch, deletion, insertion in the interior loop, and insertion in the bulged loop, respectively. The new syntax focused on the information of every two adjacent symbols. There are 14 possible combinations and each combination represents a special meaning. For example: " =-" , " =. " , and " =: " represent the boundary of the stem/loop; " :^ " represents that the loop is asymmetric, etc. The frequency of each combination defines a set of novel and useful features.
Gaucher disease

Sera from 23 individuals with Gaucher disease (GD) were analyzed for hypergammaglobullnemla and ollgoclonal and monoclonal gammopathies. Serum IgG level was elevated in 15/23 (65%) patients, and a diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia was present in 10123 (43%) patients. An oligoclonal gammopathy was noted In SIX patients, and a monoclonal gammopathy In two. Lymphocyte subset analysis was also carried out In eight indivlduals with OD. Four of five Individuals showed increased surface Ig-positive lymphocytes, while 7/7 were positive for either increased CD19and/or CD2O-positive lymphocytes. An eighth patient was found to have a 8-cell leukemia. Statistical analysis of K and X histograms were suggestive of a monoclonal excess. However, restriction enzyme analysis of four individuals with GD and Increased B cells failed to show any evidence of lg gene rearrangements. Serum lg abnormalities and perhaps 6-cell lymphocytosls appear to be common in the GD patient population and are not associated with circulating monoclonal lymphocytes.
FGF21 as a Stress Hormone: The Roles of FGF21 in Stress Adaptation and the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that is primarily expressed in the liver and exerts beneficial effects on obesity and related metabolic diseases. In addition to its remarkable pharmacologic actions, the physiological roles of FGF21 include the maintenance of energy homeostasis in the body in conditions of metabolic or environmental stress. The expression of FGF21 is induced in multiple organs in response to diverse physiological or pathological stressors, such as starvation, nutrient excess, autophagy deficiency, mitochondrial stress, exercise, and cold exposure. Thus, the FGF21 induction caused by stress plays an important role in adaptive response to these stimuli. Here, we highlight our current understanding of the functional importance of the induction of FGF21 by diverse stressors as a feedback mechanism that prevents excessive stress.
Ranks of Elliptic Curves with Prescribed Torsion over Number Fields

We study the structure of the Mordell-Weil group of elliptic curves over number fields of degree 2, 3, and 4. We show that if T is a group, then either the class of all elliptic curves over quadratic fields with torsion subgroup T is empty, or it contains curves of rank 0 as well as curves of positive rank. We prove a similar but slightly weaker result for cubic and quartic fields. On the other hand, we find a group T and a quartic field K such that among the elliptic curves over K with torsion subgroup T, there are curves of positive rank, but none of rank 0. We find examples of elliptic curves with positive rank and given torsion in many previously unknown cases. We also prove that all elliptic curves over quadratic fields with a point of order 13 or 18 and all elliptic curves over quartic fields with a point of order 22 are isogenous to one of their Galois conjugates and, by a phenomenon that we call false complex multiplication, have even rank. Finally, we discuss connections with elliptic curves over finite fields and applications to integer factorization.
Latency Analysis of Cooperative Caching with Multicast for 5G Wireless Networks

The explosion of mobile data traffic has an adverse effect on communication delay and system performance in 5G wireless network. Deploying a number of caches on the base stations(BSs) to cache content has became an essential solution. In this paper, we present a caching structure and propose a CMAC(Cooperative Multicast-Aware Caching) strategy to reduce the average latency of delivering content. The strategy is based on the characteristics of multicast and cooperation among BSs. In this strategy, we pay more attention to the users' QoE and the content-access latency. The cooperative caching scheme for multicast is more important in improving the cache hit ratio and efficiency of content delivery. We also formulate the optimization problem in using CMAC strategy and introduce an algorithm with performance guarantees. The relevant trace-driven simulations reveal that CMAC yields up to 13% decrease in the average content-access latency compared to MAC(Multicast-Aware Caching) scheme with the same total cache capacity.
Demo: Bagadus an integrated system for soccer analysis

In this demo, we present Bagadus, a prototype of a soccer analysis application which integrates a sensor system, soccer analytics annotations and video processing of a video camera array. The prototype is currently installed at Alfheim Stadium in Norway, and we demonstrate how the system can follow and zoom in on particular player(s), and playout events from the games using the stitched panorama video and/or the camera switching mode.
The evolving role of CD4 cell counts in HIV care

Purpose of review The role of the CD4 cell count in the management of people living with HIV is once again changing, most notably with a shift away from using CD4 assays to decide when to start antiretroviral therapy (ART). This article reflects on the past, current and future role of CD4 cell count testing in HIV programmes, and the implications for clinicians, programme managers and diagnostics manufacturers. Recent findings Following the results of recent randomized trials demonstrating the clinical and public health benefits of starting ART as soon as possible after HIV diagnosis is confirmed, CD4 cell count is no longer recommended as a way to decide when to initiate ART. For patients stable on ART, CD4 cell counts are no longer needed to monitor the response to treatment where HIV viral load testing is available. Nevertheless CD4 remains the best measurement of a patient's immune and clinical status, the risk of opportunistic infections, and supports diagnostic decision-making, particularly for patients with advanced HIV disease. Summary As countries revise guidelines to provide ART to all people living with HIV and continue to scale up access to viral load, strategic choices will need to be made regarding future investments in CD4 cell count and the appropriate use for clinical disease management.
An image inpainting technique based on nonparametric kernel estimation

Image inpainting is an important research topic in image processing and computer graphics, etc. Its objective is to restore the lost information or remove the unnecessary object according to around image information, which can be used to restore old photo, remove text and conceal errors in videos. However, previous algorithms are not to be perfectly performed. In this paper, a new image inpainting algorithm based on nonparametric kernel estimation is presented. From a statistical point of view, the inpainting can be viewed as an estimation problem with the missing data. Firstly, an initial value was estimated by using the known information as Taylor expansion at the missing point. And then a cost function was obtained by utilizing a Gaussian kernel function to penalize the estimate error. Finally, the missing data are restored through minimizing the cost function. Experimental results show that the proposed method can mend a large variety of images effectively and robustly.
Phylogeographic Ancestral Inference Using the Coalescent Model on Haplotype Trees

Phylogeographic ancestral inference is issue frequently arising in population ecology that aims to understand the geographical roots and structure of species. Here, we specifically address relatively small scale mtDNA datasets (typically less than 500 sequences with fewer than 1000 nucleotides), focusing on ancestral location inference. Our approach uses a coalescent modelling framework projected onto haplotype trees in order to reduce computational complexity, at the same time adhering to complex evolutionary processes. Statistical innovations of the last few years have allowed for computationally feasible yet accurate inferences in phylogenetic frameworks. We implement our methods on a set of synthetic datasets and show how, despite high uncertainty in terms of identifying the root haplotype, estimation of the ancestral location naturally encompasses lower uncertainty, allowing us to pinpoint the Maximum A Posteriori estimates for ancestral locations. We exemplify our methods on a set of synthetic datasets and then combine our inference methods with the phylogeographic clustering approach presented in Manolopoulou et al. (2011) on a real dataset from weevils in the Iberian peninsula in order to infer ancestral locations as well as population substructure.
The newcastle connection or UNIXes of the world unite!

In this paper we describe a software subsystem that can be added to each of a set of physically interconnected UNIX or UNIX look‐alike systems, so as to construct a distributed system which is functionally indistinguishable at both the user and the program level from a conventional single‐processor UNIX system. The techniques used are applicable to a variety and multiplicity of both local and wide area networks, and enable all issues of inter‐processor communication, network protocols, etc., to be hidden. A brief account is given of experience with such a distributed system, which is currently operational on a set of PDPlls connected by a Cambridge Ring. The final sections compare our scheme to various precursor schemes and discuss its potential relevance to other operating systems.