Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Cretaceous volcanic-arc magmatism in the Dalat-Kratie Fold Belt of eastern Cambodia: implications for the lithotectonic evolution of the Indochina terrane

Mesozoic granitic plutons are found throughout the Indochina terrane of eastern Cambodia and southern Vietnam. The granitic rocks range in age from Early Triassic (240 Ma) to Late Cretaceous (80 Ma) and record distinct tectonomagmatic periods associated with subduction of the Paleotethys and Paleo-Pacific oceans. Samples collected from the Snoul pluton, eastern Cambodia are composed of silicic and intermediate dioritic rocks, and basalt. The quartz diorites and diorites are magnesian, metaluminous, calcic to calc-alkalic, and similar to volcanic-arc granitoids whereas the basaltic rocks are compositionally similar to within-plate basalt. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Lu-Hf isotopes and whole rock Sr-Nd isotopes show that the silicic rocks are Albian and isotopically juvenile (107.5 ± 0.3 Ma, 109.1 ± 0.4 Ma; εHf(t) = +7.0–+17.0; 87Sr/86Sri = 0.704313–0.707681; εNd(t) = +3.1–+4.9). Fractional crystallization modeling using a dioritic composition as the parental magma demonstrates that it is possible to generate the quartz diorite compositions under oxidizing (ΔFMQ +1) and hydrous (H2O = 2 wt%) conditions suggesting that they are consanguineous. The isotopically juvenile nature of the dioritic rocks and their compositional similarity (SiO2 ≥ 56 wt%, Al2O3 ≥ 15 wt%, Sr ≥ 400 ppm, Y ≤ 18 ppm, Yb ≤ 1.9 ppm) to adakitic rocks indicates that the parental magmas of the Snoul pluton were likely derived by partial melting of juvenile mafic basement rocks of the Indochina terrane. Moreover, Early Cretaceous plutonic rocks of Cambodia are isotopically distinct from plutonic rocks of similar age and tectonic setting from Vietnam suggesting that there could be a lithotectonic domain boundary within the Southern Indochina terrane. In contrast, the basaltic rocks likely record a temporally distinct period of magmatism associated with Late Cenozoic tensional plate stress.
Arecibo mapping of three extended H I galaxy disks and conjectures on what lies beyond

We present Arecibo H I mapping of three dwarf irregular galaxies with H I envelopes more than five times the diameter of their optically detectable stellar regions. These include one isolated system, DDO 154, and two systems that are apparently interacting tidally with a larger companion (DDO 137 and VCC 2062). Arecibo's superior sensitivity to extended low-level emission allows us to extend the rotation curve of DDO 154 by a factor of two beyond that obtained from synthesis mapping by other authors, and we explore the decrease in column density with radius in some detail. DDO 137 and its companion NGC 4532 exhibit an enormous horseshoe-shaped cloud with quite complex kinematics
Cation distribution, structural and electric studies on cadmium substituted nickel-zinc ferrite

The structural and electric properties of Ni0.65-xZn0.35CdxFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) prepared by standard ceramic technique, have been studied. For all x values, X-ray powder diffraction was performed and the lattice constants and oxygen parameters were drawn from experimental data. Based on these values, other structural parameters like cation–cation, cation–anion distances, bond angles and hopping length were calculated, and the cation distribution was proposed by comparing observed and calculated X-ray diffraction intensities. It was found that substitution of larger cadmium into the lattice resulted in a significant change in the structural parameters. The microstructure of the samples was investigated using SEM micrographs and we found a substantial grain growth (observed mainly for x = 0.16 and 0.20) due to cadmium diffusion. Carrier mobilities for all samples were drawn from our DC electrical conductivity results and the variation of mobility with composition and temperature is presented. Dielectric measurements were performed at a standard frequency 1 kHz and the dielectric constant and loss factor were found to decrease first from x = 0 to x = 0.12 with the abrupt increase above this composition.
Finite element and sensitivity analysis of thermally induced flow instabilities

This paper presents a finite element algorithm for the simulation of thermo‐hydrodynamic instabilities causing manufacturing defects in injection molding of plastic and metal powder. Mold‐filling parameters determine the flow pattern during filling, which in turn influences the quality of the final part. Insufficiently, well‐controlled operating conditions may generate inhomogeneities, empty spaces or unusable parts. An understanding of the flow behavior will enable manufacturers to reduce or even eliminate defects and improve their competitiveness. This work presents a rigorous study using numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis. The problem is modeled by the Navier–Stokes equations, the energy equation and a generalized Newtonian viscosity model. The solution algorithm is applied to a simple flow in a symmetrical gate geometry. This problem exhibits both symmetrical and non‐symmetrical solutions depending on the values taken by flow parameters. Under particular combinations of operating conditions, the flow was stable and symmetric, while some other combinations leading to large thermally induced viscosity gradients produce unstable and asymmetric flow. Based on the numerical results, a stability chart of the flow was established, identifying the boundaries between regions of stable and unstable flow in terms of the Graetz number (ratio of thermal conduction time to the convection time scale) and B, a dimensionless ratio indicating the sensitivity of viscosity to temperature changes. Sensitivities with respect to flow parameters are then computed using the continuous sensitivity equations method. We demonstrate that sensitivities are able to detect the transition between the stable and unstable flow regimes and correctly indicate how parameters should change in order to increase the stability of the flow. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Stability of the Machine TooI Against Self-Excited Vibration in Machining

This paper deals very briefly with the fundamental research carried out in VUOSO in the field of self­ excited vibration occurring in machining. More detailed information about this work can be found in the literature [1-3]. The work wus aimed at determining the influence of the characteristics of the machine tool on the occurrence of self-excited vibration in arder ta be able ta get higher stability of machine tools at minimal weight. The theory of se lf-exci ted vibrution presented here explains aU basie characteristics of this phenomenon, and sorne of the effects of changes in the machine tool on the vibration. Among these are, for instance, cases in which changes of rigidity of the machine in different directions eauSe different degrees of stability, or cases in which a change of the orientation of cutting in the machine (e.g., clamp­ ing of a lathe tool downwards instead of upwards and reversing the direction of workpiece rotation) strongly influences the vibration. A classic example of such a change of orientation is the case of the boring bar with rectangular cross-section, described in Section VI. The entire work has been oriented toward the analysis of the qualities of the machine and, consequent­ ly, the machine in our theory has been considered as a vibratory system with any number n of degrees of free­ dom, in contrast to the work of most other authors who have studied self-excited vibration in machining and have paid attention mainly to the analysis of the cutting process. In the mathematical treatment they have sim­ plified the machine to a system of only one degree of freedom. On the basis of our theory a simple graphical method for the calculation of the limit of stability has been worked out, which is described in Section IV. In contrast ta the work of other authors in the mathe­ matical explanation of self-excited vibration, only the dependence of the cutting force on the relative position of tool and work-piece has been used and it was found unnecessary to take the cutting force as a function of the velocity of the relative movement into account. As far as the authors know, this type of self-exci ted vibra tian, based purely C:l a "positional feed-back" concept has never been described before in the the ory of mechanical vibrations. The theory, however, does notlack of generality and, as shown in [3], an the basic equations rcmain valid for other more complicated and more general relations between the cutting force and vibration.
Frequency domain methods and control of complex dynamics

The paper deals with the problem of controlling complex dynamics in periodically forced systems. A general framework for the stabilization of periodic orbits based on the so-called "delayed feedback" technique is presented. We formulate the periodic orbit stabilization as an input-output L/sub 2/-stability problem and employ frequency methods in the L/sub 2/ setting to determine a stability bound of the periodic orbit. Although such a bound is conservative in nature, controllers achieving a larger bound exhibit a better control performance, as shown in several application examples.
A Catalogue of Galaxies within 10 MPC

A catalogue is given of the 179 known galaxies within 10 Mpc. The inclusion of a galaxy depends on its redshift (v0 ≤ 500 km s−1) or, in the case of 7 dwarf galaxies, on the fact that their distances are known to be small. The catalogue contains in addition 52 more distant galaxies with v0 ≤ 500 km s−1: 50 are bona fide Virgo cluster members and 2 are members of the Leo group. Positions, types, absorption-corrected luminosities, and velocities are given for the catalogue galaxies. The catalogue is believed to be nearly complete for galaxies brighter than ∽ – 18m.5, but it contains also many considerably fainter galaxies. The galaxies within 10 Mpc form the Local Group with 28 members and seven additional groups with a total of 92 known members. 59 galaxies (33%) do not seem to belong to any group. Der Katalog enthalt die 179 bekannten Galaxien innerhalb 10 Mpc. Die Aufnahme einer Galaxie hangt von ihrer Rotverschiebung (v0 ≤ 500 km s−1) oder im Falle von 7 Zwerggalaxien von deren bekannter geringer Entfernung ab. Der Katalog enthalt weiterhin 52 entferntere Galaxien mit v0 ≤ 500 km s−1; davon sind 50 bona fide Mitglieder des Virgohaufens und 2 gehoren zur Leo-Gruppe. Position, Typ, wegen Absorption korrigierte Helligkeit und Geschwindigkeit sind fur jede Galaxie gegeben. Man darf annehmen, das der Katalog fur Galaxien heller als – 18.5ter Grose nahezu komplett ist, jedoch enthalt er auch viele wesentlich schwachere Galaxien. Die Galaxien innerhalb 10 Mpc bilden die lokale Gruppe mit 28 Mitgliedern und 7 weitere Gruppen mit einer Gesamtzahl von 92 bekannten Mitgliedern. 59 Galaxien (33%) scheinen zu keiner Gruppe zu gehoren.
A two-dimensional TVD scheme for incompressible turbulent flows with pseudo-compressibility method

A finite-difference Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) numerical model for solving two-dimensional incompressible turbulent flow problems based on the pseudo-compressibility method is developed. Numerical simulations for modelling a backward-facing step flow, a flow over a surface-mounted square rib, and a flow around a square cylinder displaying an unsteady vortex shedding process were implemented and validated by comparing with the available experimental data and other numerical results. The TVD scheme with a proper turbulence model has very good accuracy. The RNG and Chen-Kim k − e turbulence models have much better ability of predicting the vortex structure and flow separation characteristics than the standard k − e model.
A Test for Bivariate Symmetry of Dependent Competing Risks

In the competing risks set up with two dependent competing risks let F(x, y) be the joint probability distribution of (X, Y), the notional times to failure under the two risks. Actual independent observations are (Ti,δi), i = 1, 2,…, n where Ti = min (Xi, Yi) and δi=I (Xi ≦ Yi). To test H0: F(x, y) = F(y, x) for all x, y, against H1: S1(t) ≦ S2(t) where S1(t) = P (T ≦ t, δ = 1) and S2(t) = P (T ≦ t, δ = 0), it is proposed to use the Wilcoxon signed rank type statistic Jc = ∑ δi (n + 1 — Ri) where Ri = Rank (Ti) among (T1, T2, …, Tn). The Jc test is seen to be generally more efficient than the sign test except in case of alternatives under which T and δ are independent, in which case the opposite is true.
Named Entity Recognition and transliteration in Bengali

The paper reports about the development of a Named Entity Recognition (NER) system in Bengali using a tagged Bengali news corpus and the subsequent transliteration of the recognized Bengali Named Entities (NEs) into English. Three different models of the NER have been developed. A semi-supervised learning method has been adopted to develop the first two models, one without linguistic features (Model A) and the other with linguistic features (Model B). The third one (Model C) is based on statistical Hidden Markov Model. A modified joint-source channel model has been used along with a number of alternatives to generate the English transliterations of Bengali NEs and vice-versa. The transliteration models learn the mappings from the bilingual training sets optionally guided by linguistic knowledge in the form of conjuncts and diphthongs in Bengali and their representations in English. The NER system has demonstrated the highest average Recall, Precision and F-Score values of 89.62%, 78.67% and 83.79% respectively in Model C. Evaluation of the proposed transliteration models demonstrated that the modified joint source-channel model performs best in terms of evaluation metrics for person and location names for both Bengali to English (B2E) transliteration and English to Bengali transliteration (E2B). The use of the linguistic knowledge during training of the transliteration models improves performance.
A hybrid equation approach for the solution of electromagnetic scattering problems involving two-dimensional inhomogeneous dielectric cylinders

A numerical procedure for the solution of electromagnetic scattering problems involving inhomogeneous dielectric cylinders of arbitrary cross section is discussed. The cases of illumination by both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) plane waves are considered. The scattering problems are modeled via a hybrid integral-equation/partial-differential-equation approach. The method of moments is applied to obtain a system of simultaneous equations that can be solved for the unknown surface current densities and the interior electric field. The interior region partial differential equation and the exterior region surface integral equation are coupled in such a manner that many existing surface integral equation computer codes for treating problems involving scattering by homogeneous dielectric cylinders can be modified easily to generate the block of the matrix corresponding to the surface current interactions. The overall system matrix obtained using the method of moments is largely sparse. Numerical results are presented and compared with exact solutions for homogeneous and inhomogeneous circular cylinders. >
A New Approach to the Theory of Classical Fluids. I

An exact integral equation is found for the pair distribution function. The integral equation is of somewhat different nature from the usual ones known in the theory of classical fluids, in the point that it involves an infinite series. The Helmholtz free energy is expressed as a series expansion which may be more rapidly convergent than the usual one. It is shown that the integral equation can be derived also by means of a variational principle from the expression for the free energy. It is pointed out that the theory of classical fluids may be constructed with the knowledge of the pair distribution function alone, even if a form of the pair interaction potential is not known.
Bounded Model Checking for LLVM

Bounded Model Checking (BMC) is an effective and precise static analysis technique that reduces program verification to satisfiability (SAT) solving. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a new BMC engine (SEABMC) in the SEAHORN verification framework for LLVM. SeaBmc precisely models arithmetic, pointer, and memory operations of LLVM. Our key design innovation is to structure verification condition generation around a series of transformations, starting with a custom IR (called SEA-IR) that explicitly purifies all memory operations by explicating dependencies between them. This transformation-based approach enables supporting many different styles of verification conditions. To support memory safety checking, we extend our base approach with fat pointers and shadow bits of memory to keep track of metadata, such as the size of a pointed-to object. To evaluate SeaBmc, we have used it to verify aws-c-common library from AWS. We report on the effect of different encoding options with different SMT solvers, and also compare with CBMC, SMACK, KLEE and Symbiotic. We show that SeaBmc is capable of providing order of magnitude improvement compared with state-of-the-art.
Fully Soft-Switched Non-Isolated High Step-Down DC–DC Converter With Reduced Voltage Stress and Expanding Capability

In this article, a fully soft-switched expandable high step-down dc–dc converter is presented. In order to achieve a high step-down voltage conversion ratio and low component count, the synchronous buck and Cuk converters are integrated. Lower switches’ voltage stress is realized by splitting the input voltage, which can considerably decrease the switches’ conduction loss. Moreover, switching losses along with the reverse recovery problems are mitigated due to the soft-switching operation of all semiconductor devices. The switch utilized for soft-switching operation is also used to replace the output diode as a synchronous rectifier, which reduces the conduction loss. The mentioned features have considerably contributed to the converter efficiency. Furthermore, the converter shares a common ground between the input and the output, which is desirable in many applications, while the converter output current is continuous without adding current ripple cancellation methods. Finally, the number of converter cells can be expanded or reduced; therefore, the converter can be applied to a wide range of loads. The operating principles and analysis of the proposed converter are presented, and the results from the implemented prototype are provided to verify the converter operation and performance.
Network Queuing Assessment: A Method to Detect Bottlenecks in Service Function Chaining

Virtualization and softwarization have driven the widespread adoption of the cloud computing paradigm, with savings in CAPEX, OPEX, and environmental footprint, by transferring to and sharing computational resources in datacenters. Represented by some leading technologies - as Software Defined Networks, Network Function Virtualization, and Service Function Chaining - they bring new network and service management challenges. The autonomous resource elasticity that demands new techniques to detect overloaded functions, also known as bottlenecks, is a challenge. Most research efforts in this area have focused on traditional hardware metrics like CPU, memory, throughput, and tailored application metrics. These approaches may be imprecise and hard to transfer between different scenarios. This paper presents the Network Queue Assessment (NQA) technique for detecting bottlenecks in Service Function Chaining based on network queue occupation, which requires no end-user feedback or knowledge about its internal architecture, and no definition of thresholds. Our results confirm the accuracy of NQA for bottleneck detection in a testbed evaluation with virtualized versions of five network functions: Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Network Address Translation (NAT), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Proxy-cache, and Firewall. Also, we combine the previously evaluated functions in four more complex scenarios to confirm our conclusions.
A-MCTS: Adaptive Monte Carlo Tree Search for Temporal Path Discovery

An attributed dynamic graph contains multiple dynamic attributes associated with each edge in the graph. In attributed dynamic graph based applications, people usually can specify multiple constraints in the attributes to illustrate their requirements, such as the total cost, the total travel time and the stopover interval of a flight between two cities. This inspires the multi-constrained temporal path discovery in attributed dynamic graphs, which is a challenging NP-complete problem. To solve the problem, the existing methods adopt reinforcement learning with Monte Carlo tree search. However, these reinforcement learning based methods require a certain degree of “discovery experience” to obtain better results, which can lead to the expensive cost of query time and storage space, and thus are not applicable in real-time applications, e.g., route recommendations in a self-driving car. This motivates us to develop a new Adaptive Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm, namely A-MCTS. A-MCTS dynamically adjusts the priority of historical records that are used in Monte Carlo tree search to improve the performance and reduce the size of required “discovery experience”. In addition, A-MCTS proposes a new adaptive replay memory structure that can store important historical records based on graph properties and optimize the consumption of storage space. The experimental results on ten real-world dynamic graphs demonstrate that the proposed A-MCTS outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness.
On the Economics Effects of CDN-Mediated Delivery on Content Providers

Content delivery networks (CDNs) have been providing the key engineering and economic mediation between content providers (CPs) and Internet service providers (ISPs) in content delivery over the Internet. They significantly improve the quality of service experience for today’s Internet traffic. We model the CDN as a business-to-business platform that provides caching and other services in the Internet content delivery chain between the CPs and the ISPs. The CPs and ISPs that subscribe to the CDN receive a traffic boost relative to their base traffic and in return the CDN prescribes a subscription charge to the CPs, and to the ISPs. We assume that the CDN provides its service without price or quality differentiation between the CPs (or between the ISPs). In this setting we analyze the revenue maximizing prices of the CDN on the two sides of the platform, and its effect on the connection structure on the two sides. We first consider the oligopoly model, where we formulate a full information, leader-follower game. The CDN is the leader and sets the subscription prices for the CPs and the ISPs. The ISPs and CPs are the followers and they make the binary decision of subscribing to the CDN or not. We extend this model to a retail CP market, where the CDN determines the revenue maximizing price using a heuristic and the CPs make the subscription decision. Using extensive numerical analyses, we show that the CDN will always provide sufficient resources to the CPs and that the revenue maximizing price will essentially price out the CPs and ISPs that have a low monetization capability.