Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Text Analysis via Dimensionality Reduction

Many applications require analyzing vast amounts of textual data, but the size and inherent noise of such data can make processing very challenging. One approach to these issues is to mathematically reduce the data so as to represent each document using only a few dimensions. Techniques for performing such "dimensionality reduction " (DR) have been well-studied for geometric and numerical data, but more rarely applied to text. In this paper, we examine the impact of five DR techniques on the accuracy of two supervised classifiers on three textual sources. This task mirrors important real world problems, such as classifying Web pages or scientific articles. In addition, the accuracy serves as a proxy measure for how well each DR technique preserves the inter-document relationships while vastly reducing the size of the data, facilitating more sophisticated analysis. We show that, for a fixed number of dimensions, DR can be very successful at improving accuracy compared to using the original words as features. Surprisingly, we also find that one of the simplest DR techniques, MDS, is among the most effective. This suggests that textual data may often lie upon a linear manifold where the more complex non-linear DR techniques do not have an advantage.
Fine Mapping of a Novel defective glume 1 (dg1) Mutant, Which Affects Vegetative and Spikelet Development in Rice

In cereal crops, vegetative and spikelet development play important roles in grain yield and quality, but the genetic mechanisms that control vegetative and spikelet development remain poorly understood in rice. Here, we identified a new rice mutant, defective glume 1 (dg1) mutant from cultivar Zhonghua11 after ethyl methanesulfonate treatment. The dg1 mutant displayed the dwarfism with small, rolled leaves, which resulted from smaller cells and more bulliform cells. The dg1 mutant also had an enlarged leaf angle and defects in brassinosteroid signaling. In the dg1 mutant, both the rudimentary glume and sterile lemma (glumes) were transformed into lemma-like organ and acquired the lemma identity. Additionally, the dg1 mutant produced slender grains. Further analysis revealed that DG1 affects grain size by regulating cell proliferation and expansion. We fine mapped the dg1 locus to a 31-kb region that includes eight open reading frames. We examined the DNA sequence and expression of these loci, but we were not able to identify the DG1 gene. Therefore, more work will be needed for cloning and functional analysis of DG1, which would contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind whole-plant development in rice.
Personal exposure to JP-8 jet fuel vapors and exhaust at air force bases.

JP-8 jet fuel (similar to commercial/international jet A-1 fuel) is the standard military fuel for all types of vehicles, including the U.S. Air Force aircraft inventory. As such, JP-8 presents the most common chemical exposure in the Air Force, particularly for flight and ground crew personnel during preflight operations and for maintenance personnel performing routine tasks. Personal exposure at an Air Force base occurs through occupational exposure for personnel involved with fuel and aircraft handling and/or through incidental exposure, primarily through inhalation of ambient fuel vapors. Because JP-8 is less volatile than its predecessor fuel (JP-4), contact with liquid fuel on skin and clothing may result in prolonged exposure. The slowly evaporating JP-8 fuel tends to linger on exposed personnel during their interaction with their previously unexposed colleagues. To begin to assess the relative exposures, we made ambient air measurements and used recently developed methods for collecting exhaled breath in special containers. We then analyzed for certain volatile marker compounds for JP-8, as well as for some aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzene) that are related to long-term health risks. Ambient samples were collected by using compact, battery-operated, personal whole-air samplers that have recently been developed as commercial products; breath samples were collected using our single-breath canister method that uses 1-L canisters fitted with valves and small disposable breathing tubes. We collected breath samples from various groups of Air Force personnel and found a demonstrable JP-8 exposure for all subjects, ranging from slight elevations as compared to a control cohort to > 100 [mutilpe] the control values. This work suggests that further studies should be performed on specific issues to obtain pertinent exposure data. The data can be applied to assessments of health outcomes and to recommendations for changes in the use of personal protective equipment that optimize risk reduction without undue impact on a mission. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6
Incidence of Sarcoma Histotypes and Molecular Subtypes in a Prospective Epidemiological Study with Central Pathology Review and Molecular Testing

Background The exact overall incidence of sarcoma and sarcoma subtypes is not known. The objective of the present population-based study was to determine this incidence in a European region (Rhone-Alpes) of six million inhabitants, based on a central pathological review of the cases. Methodology/Principal Findings From March 2005 to February 2007, pathology reports and tumor blocks were prospectively collected from the 158 pathologists of the Rhone-Alpes region. All diagnosed or suspected cases of sarcoma were collected, reviewed centrally, examined for molecular alterations and classified according to the 2002 World Health Organization classification. Of the 1287 patients screened during the study period, 748 met the criteria for inclusion in the study. The overall crude and world age-standardized incidence rates were respectively 6.2 and 4.8 per 100,000/year. Incidence rates for soft tissue, visceral and bone sarcomas were respectively 3.6, 2.0 and 0.6 per 100,000. The most frequent histological subtypes were gastrointestinal stromal tumor (18%; 1.1/100,000), unclassified sarcoma (16%; 1/100,000), liposarcoma (15%; 0.9/100,000) and leiomyosarcoma (11%; 0.7/100,000). Conclusions/Significance The observed incidence of sarcomas was higher than expected. This study is the first detailed investigation of the crude incidence of histological and molecular subtypes of sarcomas.
Anomaly Detection inMachine-Generated Data:A Structured Approach

Anomaly detection is an important issue in data mining and analysis, with applications in almost every area in science, technology and business that involves data collection. The development of general anomaly detection techniques can therefore have a large impact on data analysis across many domains. In spite of this, little work has been done to consolidate the different approaches to the subject.In this report, this deficiency is addressed in the target domain of temporal machine-generated data. To this end, new theory for comparing and reasoning about anomaly detection tasks and methods is introduced, which facilitates a problem-oriented rather than a method-oriented approach to the subject. Using this theory as a basis, the possible approaches to anomaly detection in the target domain are discussed, and a set of interesting anomaly detection tasks is highlighted.One of these tasks is selected for further study: the detection of subsequences that are anomalous with regards to their context within long univariate real-valued sequences. A framework for relating methods derived from this task is developed, and is used to derive new methods and an algorithm for solving a large class of derived problems. Finally, a software implementation of this framework along with a set of evaluation utilities is discussed and demonstrated
Post-stroke emotional adjustment: A modified social cognitive transition model

Patients report a wide variety of emotional responses following stroke. Some individuals find the process of adjusting to their changed circumstances extremely difficult, while others cope well. Predicting and understanding patients' adjustment to stroke therefore poses challenges within rehabilitation settings. While research has revealed some of the variables associated with increased emotional distress (i.e., post-stroke depression) after stroke, a general model of post-stroke emotional adjustment has not yet been put forward. This article proposes that the Social Cognitive Transition model provides a sound theoretical basis upon which to build an understanding of post-stroke adjustment. The essential elements of a Social Cognitive Transition Model for Stroke are summarised, and clinical examples are used to discuss this model. The implications for psychological assessment, formulation and treatment are also discussed.
Estudio experimental de la monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria en lesiones medulares

Las lesiones en la medula espinal suponen un gran impacto tanto para el paciente como para su familia. El deficit funcional ocasionado por el dano medular depende del grado de afectacion de las vias espinales. Sin embargo, no es la unica variable que se ha de tener en cuenta. El deterioro medular esta en clara relacion con el nivel metamerico afecto, originando una destruccion de las funciones motoras, sensoriales y autonomicas por debajo de la lesion. La monitorizacion neurofisiologica intraoperatoria es una disciplina en constante evolucion, que tiene como proposito localizar y vigilar la integridad funcional de todas las estructuras nerviosas y preservar su estado. La capacidad de recuperacion tras una lesion de la medula espinal sigue siendo poco conocida y la prevencion constituye el unico mecanismo valido para salvaguardar su funcionalidad. Diversos estudios multicentricos han revelado una reduccion importante de la incidencia de lesion neurologica durante la cirugia de la columna en los casos en los que se empleaba la monitorizacion neurofisiologica de la funcion medular Los pacientes con lesion medular con frecuencia requieren tratamiento quirurgico urgente. En estos casos, el tratamiento quirurgico sin el empleo de monitorizacion neurofisiologica intraoperatoria puede no resolver el dano evolutivo, producir lesiones medulares adicionales o agravar la lesion medular previa. La posibilidad de identificar y cuantificar el dano producido y el territorio afectado en un tiempo adecuado para que el tratamiento o la correccion puedan ser implementadas, antes de que la lesion se instaure de forma permanente, predice una ruta esperanzadora para la investigacion, con objeto de poder desarrollar un metodo objetivo de diagnostico que permita localizar el nivel medular que se encuentra danado.
CP Violation in B Meson Decays

The pattern of $\mathrm{CP}$ violation in the bottom sector is discussed. We introduce general techniques to expose new $\mathrm{CP}$-violating effects in the cascade decays of $B$ mesons. In the Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) model, the $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetries so obtained range from 2-20% for plausible values of the model parameters. This is to be compared with the small effects, of order ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$-${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, previously exhibited within this model. Effects of this size should be observable in upcoming experiments. Our approach stresses the on-shell transitions which make up the cascade decays of heavy mesons to ordinary hadrons, as opposed to the off-shell transitions which occur in the analogs of ${K}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\ensuremath{-}{\overline{K}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ mixing. The $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetries generated by our techniques are of order $sin\ensuremath{\delta}$, where $\ensuremath{\delta}$ is the KM phase angle, and thus represent the maximum effects obtainable in this model.
Joint Compensation of Transmitter and Receiver IQ Imbalance in OFDM Systems Based on Selective Coefficient Updating

In this paper, a selective coefficient updating (SCU) approach at each branch of the per‐tone equalization (PTEQ) structure has been applied for insufficient cyclic prefix (CP) length. Because of the high number of adaptive filters and their complex adaption process in the PTEQ structure, SCU has been proposed. Using this method leads to a reduction in the computational complexity, while the performance remains almost unchanged. Moreover, the use of set‐membership filtering with variable step size is proposed for a sufficient CP case to increase convergence speed and decrease the average number of calculations. Simulation results show that despite the aforementioned algorithms having similar performance in comparison with conventional algorithms, they are able to reduce the number of calculations necessary. In addition, compensation of both the channel effect and the transmitter/receiver in‐phase/quadrature‐phase imbalances are achievable by these algorithms.
Facade Reconstruction of Destroyed Buildings Using Historical Photographs

ABSTRACT A methodology for the metric reconstruction of the planar surface of facades of destroyed buildings using historical single-view photographs has been presented in this work. The methodology is based on using a-priori object properties like linearity, parallelism, perpendicularity, symmetry etc. in addition to information extracted from the photographs. The methodology involves the determination of line segments and vanishing points and, if necessary, intrinsic camera calibration. The methodology may be a useful tool for tasks like documentation of historical architecture, surveying, and restoration. Reconstruction examples and results of facades of destroyed buildings are presented and error estimation results are given.
Novel PRPF31 mutations associated with Chinese autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa patients

Purpose To identify the mutations in the pre-mRNA processing factor 31 homolog (PRPF31) gene in Chinese families with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) and to characterize the clinical features of those patients who were found to have mutations in the PRPF31 gene. Methods Detailed ocular examinations were performed, and genomic DNA was isolated by standard methods for genetic diagnosis. Probands from each family were screened for mutations in the PRPF31 gene that was known to cause adRP. Cosegregation analysis was performed in the available family members. Linkage analysis was performed for one missense mutation to calculate the likelihood of its pathogenicity. Two hundred unrelated, healthy Chinese subjects were screened to exclude nonpathogenic polymorphisms. Results Forty Chinese families with adRP were selected by an analysis of pedigrees. We identified four mutations (c.196_197delAA, c.544_618del75bp, c.615delC, and c.895T>C) in total, and three deletions were novel. Cosegregation analysis of the available family members (20 patients and 17 unaffected family members) revealed that each index patient and all affected family members showed a heterozygous mutation in the PRPF31 gene. In two families, incomplete penetrance was observed. Linkage analysis achieved the maximum LOD score of c.895T>C is 2.09, achieved at θ=0. The four probands with PRPF31 mutations showed classical signs of RP, with relatively preserved central vision and severe visual field constriction. Conclusions Our studies extended the mutation spectrum of PRPF31, and mutations in PRPF31 were found at a relatively high frequency (10%, 4 of 40 adRP families) in our cohort.
Prenatal p,p´-DDE Exposure and Neurodevelopment among Children 3.5–5 Years of Age

Background: The results of previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to bis[p-chlorophenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and to its main metabolite, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), impairs psychomotor development during the first year of life. However, information about the persistence of this association at later ages is limited. Objectives: We assessed the association of prenatal DDE exposure with child neurodevelopment at 42–60 months of age. Methods: Since 2001 we have been monitoring the neurodevelopment in children who were recruited at birth into a perinatal cohort exposed to DDT, in the state of Morelos, Mexico. We report McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities for 203 children at 42, 48, 54, and 60 months of age. Maternal DDE serum levels were available for at least one trimester of pregnancy. The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment scale and other covariables of interest were also available. Results: After adjustment, a doubling of DDE during the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with statistically significant reductions of –1.37, –0.88, –0.84, and –0.80 points in the general cognitive index, quantitative, verbal, and memory components respectively. The association between prenatal DDE and the quantitative component was weaker at 42 months than at older ages. No significant statistical interactions with sex or breastfeeding were observed. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that prenatal DDE impairs early child neurodevelopment; the potential for adverse effects on development should be considered when using DDT for malaria control.
Berberine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles are concentrated in the liver and ameliorate hepatosteatosis in db/db mice

Berberine (BBR) shows very low plasma levels after oral administration due to its poor absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. We have previously demonstrated that BBR showed increased gastrointestinal absorption and enhanced antidiabetic effects in db/db mice after being entrapped into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). However, whether BBR-loaded SLNs (BBR-SLNs) also have beneficial effects on hepatosteatosis is not clear. We investigated the effects of BBR-SLNs on lipid metabolism in the liver using histological staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that oral administration of BBR-SLNs inhibited the increase of body weight and decreased liver weight in parallel with the reduction of serum alanine transaminase and liver triglyceride levels in db/db mice. The maximum drug concentration in the liver was 20-fold higher than that in the blood. BBR-SLNs reduced fat accumulation and lipid droplet sizes significantly in the liver, as indicated by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining. The expression of lipogenic genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) were downregulated, while lipolytic gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) was upregulated in BBR-SLN-treated livers. In summary, we have uncovered an unexpected effect of BBR-SLNs on hepatosteatosis treatment through the inhibition of lipogenesis and the induction of lipolysis in the liver of db/db mice.
Integrability Conditions For Almost Hermitian And Almost Kaehler 4-Manifolds

If $W_+$ denotes the self dual part of the Weyl tensor of any K\"ahler 4-manifold and $S$ its scalar curvature, then the relation $|W_+|^2 = S^2/6$ is well-known. For any almost K\"ahler 4-manifold with $S \ge 0$, this condition forces the K\"ahler property. A compact almost K\"ahler 4-manifold is already K\"ahler if it satisfies the conditions $| W_+ |^2 = S^2/6$ and $\delta W_+=0$ and also if it is Einstein and $| W_+|$ is constant. Some further results of this type are proved. An almost Hermitian 4-manifold $(M,g,J)$ with $\mathrm{supp} (W_+)=M$ is already K\"ahler if it satisfies the condition $| W_+ |^2 = 3 (S_{\star} - S/3)^2 /8$ together with $|\nabla W_+ | = | \nabla |W_+||$ or with $\delta W_+ + \nabla \log | W_+ | \lrcorner W_+ =0$, respectively. The almost complex structure $J$ enters here explicitely via the star scalar curvature $S_{\star}$ only.
USER PERCEPTIONS OF SOFTWARE WITH EMBEDDED SPYWARE: AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION

A research model and hypotheses explore software user perceptions of privacy, trust, and legal protection in using application software with embedded spyware. Empirical results reveal actual users of software with spyware, versus users of software without spyware, have lower trust perceptions of a software vendor. Further examination of trustworthiness as a multi-dimensional construct, reveals trustworthiness-ability and trustworthiness-integrity are important influences of overall trust of a vendor. The results may provide guidance to software vendors and government regulatory agencies in addressing the concerns associated with spyware.
Transport at basin scales: 1. Theoretical framework

The paper describes the theoretical framework for a class of general continuous models of the hydrologic response including both flow and transport of reactive solutes. The approach orders theoretical results appeared in disparate fields into a coherent theoretical framework for both hydrologic flow and transport. In this paper we focus on the Lagrangian description of the carrier hydrologic runoff and of the processes embedding catchment-scale generation and transport of matter carried by runoff. The former defines travel time distributions, while the latter defines lifetime distributions, here thought of as contact times between mobile and immobile phases. Contact times are assumed to control mass transfer in a well-mixed approximation, appropriate in cases, like in basin-scale transport phenomena, where the characteristic size of the injection areas is much larger than that of heterogeneous features. As a result, we define general mass-response functions of catchments which extend to transport of matter geomorphologic theories of the hydrologic response. A set of examples is provided to clarify the theoretical results towards a computational framework for generalized applications, described in a companion paper.
A Core Language for Executable Models of Cyber-Physical Systems (Preliminary Report)

Recently we showed that an expressive class of mathematical equations can be automatically translated into simulation codes. By focusing on the expressivity of equations formed from continuous functions, this work did not accommodate a wide range of discrete behaviors or a dynamic collection of components. However, the interaction between continuous and hybrid components in many cyber-physical domains is highly coupled, and such systems are often highly dynamic in both respects. This paper gives an overview of a proposed core language for capturing executable hybrid models of highly dynamic cyber-physical systems.
Morphological and Physiological Features of a Set of Spinal Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons Defined by Green Fluorescent Protein Expression

The spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) is known to be involved in the manipulation of nociceptive and thermal primary afferent input; however, the interrelationships of its neuronal components are poorly understood. As a step toward expanding understanding, we took a relatively unique approach by concentrating on a set of SG neurons selectively labeled by green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a transgenic mouse. These GFP-expressing SG neurons prove to have homogenous morphological and electrophysiological properties, are systematically spaced in the SG, contain GABA, receive C-fiber primary afferent input, and upregulate c-Fos protein in response to noxious stimuli. Together, the properties established for these GFP-labeled neurons are consistent with a modular SG organization in which afferent activity related to nociception or other C-fiber signaling are subject to integration/modulation by repeating, similar circuits of neurons.