Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation of Surface Air Temperature Induced by Enhanced Land–Atmosphere Coupling During 1981–2020 in Xinjiang, Northwest China

Land–atmosphere coupling (LAC) is a critical process in the climate system, and has great effects on surface air temperature over the humid–dry transition zones. Using ERA5/ERA5‐land reanalysis datasets, we show that the summer temperature anomalies over Northwest China (NWC), known as one of the most important LAC hotpots in China, are significantly correlated with the LAC strength during 1981–2020. The stronger the coupling strength between air temperature and land surface, the more pronounced decrease in air temperature and extreme hot days over NWC. Among the four pathways of land–air temperature coupling, including soil moisture (SM)/soil temperature–latent heat flux/sensible heat flux–air temperature coupling, SM–sensible heat flux–air temperature pathway corresponds most closely with the temperature changes in summer. By analyzing the possible local and non‐local physical links in this relationship, we show that the wave trains composed of the intensification of Ural ridge and Central–Asia trough stimulate a meridional fluctuation of westerly airflow over the mid–high latitudes of Eurasia. Large moisture, therefore, converges into NWC, leading to excessive precipitation and deficient incident solar radiation reaching the land surface. In such case, wetter and cooler soil states accelerate the cooling of the environment through feedbacks between the lands, land–atmosphere exchanging fluxes and air temperature locally, accompanied by a significant enhancement in LAC strength. Our study provides insight into the physical processes causing variations in summer temperature over a typical LAC hotspot and suggests that the role of land surface–atmosphere interactions needs to be considered when studying temperature extremes under climate change.
Pulmonary Functional Outcomes at 3 Months in Critical COVID-19 Survivors Hospitalized during the First, Second, and Third Pandemic Waves

Introduction: Despite improved management of patients with COVID-19, we still ignore whether pharmacologic treatments and improved respiratory support have modified outcomes for intensive care unit (ICU) surviving patients of the three first consecutive waves (w) of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether developments in the management of ICU COVID-19 patients have positively impacted respiratory functional outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and chest CT scan patterns in ICU COVID-19 surviving patients at 3 months, according to pandemic waves. Methods: We prospectively included all patients admitted to the ICU of two university hospitals with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to COVID-19. Data related to hospitalization (disease severity, complications), demographics, and medical history were collected. Patients were assessed 3 months post-ICU discharge using a 6 min walking distance test (6MWT), a pulmonary function test (PFT), a respiratory muscle strength (RMS) test, a chest CT scan, and a Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Results: We included 84 ARDS COVID-19 surviving patients. Disease severity, complications, demographics, and comorbidities were similar between groups, but there were more women in wave 3 (w3). Length of stay at the hospital was shorter during w3 vs. during wave 1 (w1) (23.4 ± 14.2 days vs. 34.7 ± 20.8 days, p = 0.0304). Fewer patients required mechanical ventilation (MV) during the second wave (w2) vs. during w1 (33.3% vs. 63.9%, p = 0.0038). Assessment at 3 months after ICU discharge revealed that PFTs and 6MWTs scores were worse for w3 > w2 > w1. QoL (SF-36) deteriorated (vitality and mental health) more for patients in w1 vs. in w3 (64.7 ± 16.3 vs. 49.2 ± 23.2, p = 0.0169). Mechanical ventilation was associated with reduced forced expiratory volume (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and respiratory muscle strength (RMS) (w1,2,3, p < 0.0500) on linear/logistic regression analysis. The use of glucocorticoids, as well as tocilizumab, was associated with improvements in the number of affected segments in chest CT, FEV1, TLC, and DLCO (p < 0.01). Conclusions: With better understanding and management of COVID-19, there was an improvement in PFT, 6MWT, and RMS in ICU survivors 3 months after ICU discharge, regardless of the pandemic wave during which they were hospitalized. However, immunomodulation and improved best practices for the management of COVID-19 do not appear to be sufficient to prevent significant morbidity in critically ill patients.
Kinematics Optimization of a 3-SPS Parallel Redundant Motion Mechanism Using Conformal Geometric Algebra

In this paper, an actuation mechanism for high-speed aiming of a target is proposed. The mechanism is a 3DOF-SPS (spherical-prismatic-spherical) parallel manipulator and can be used for a missile defense system with a fast reaction time. This type of parallel mechanism has high rigidity against external disturbances and accordingly high stiffness and precision. The target aiming requires 2 degrees of freedom and this 3 DOF mechanism has one redundancy. For fast manipulation of the proposed mechanism, the redundancy can be exploited and an optimal solution can be found out of the infinite number of inverse kinematic solutions. For finding a near time-optimal solution, a cost function is formulated considering displacement of each parallel link and an optimization technique is used for solution of the inverse kinematic problem.
ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells

In recent years, the Zika Virus (ZIKV) has caused pandemic outbreaks associated with a high rate of congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS). Although all strains associated with worldwide outbreaks derive from the Asian lineage, the reasons for their enhanced spread and severity are not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of miRNAs (miRNA-155/146a/124) and their cellular targets (SOCS1/3, SHP1, TRAF6, IRAK1), as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IFN-β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) expression in BV2 microglia cells infected with ZIKV strains derived from African and Asian lineages (ZIKVMR766 and ZIKVPE243). BV2 cells were susceptible to both ZIKV strains, and showed discrete levels of viral replication, with delayed release of viral particles without inducing significant cytopathogenic effects. However, the ZIKVMR766 strain showed higher infectivity and replicative capacity, inducing a higher expression of microglial activation markers than the ZIKVPE243 strain. Moreover, infection with the ZIKVMR766 strain promoted both a higher inflammatory response and a lower expression of anti-viral factors compared to the ZIKVPE243 strain. Remarkably, the ZIKKPE243 strain induced significantly higher levels of the anti-inflammatory nuclear receptor—PPAR-γ. These findings improve our understanding of ZIKV-mediated modulation of inflammatory and anti-viral innate immune responses and open a new avenue to explore underlining mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ZIKV-associated diseases.
Mask-based dual-axes tomoholography using soft x-rays

We explore tomographic mask-based Fourier transform x-ray holography with respect to the use of a thin slit as a reference wave source. This imaging technique exclusively uses the interference between the waves scattered by the object and the slit simplifying the experimental realization and ensuring high data quality. Furthermore, we introduce a second reference slit to rotate the sample around a second axis and to record a dual-axes tomogram. Compared to a single-axis tomogram, the reconstruction artifacts are decreased in accordance with the reduced missing data wedge. Two demonstration experiments are performed where test structures are imaged with a lateral resolution below 100 nm.
Characterization of Electronic Transients by an Ultrafast Scanning Tunneling Microscope

In this paper, we report experimental results of picosecond electrical transients pumped by ultrashort laser pulses on a coplanar strip line with an ultrafast scanning tunneling microscope. The resolved transient signal has a rise time in non-contact mode of 1.21 ps and the FWHM is 1.19 ps. Our measurements showed that the amplitude and the shape of the transient signals are independent of the magnitude and the polarity of the dc tunneling current, which confirms the capacitive coupling of the transient signal between the tip and the coplanar transmission line.
Insights into the Alcyoneusvirus Adsorption Complex

The structures of the Caudovirales phage tails are key factors in determining the host specificity of these viruses. However, because of the enormous structural diversity, the molecular anatomy of the host recognition apparatus has been elucidated in only a number of phages. Klebsiella viruses vB_KleM_RaK2 (RaK2) and phiK64-1, which form a new genus Alcyoneusvirus according to the ICTV, have perhaps one of the most structurally sophisticated adsorption complexes of all tailed viruses described to date. Here, to gain insight into the early steps of the alcyoneusvirus infection process, the adsorption apparatus of bacteriophage RaK2 is studied in silico and in vitro. We experimentally demonstrate that ten proteins, gp098 and gp526–gp534, previously designated as putative structural/tail fiber proteins (TFPs), are present in the adsorption complex of RaK2. We show that two of these proteins, gp098 and gp531, are essential for attaching to Klebsiella pneumoniae KV-3 cells: gp531 is an active depolymerase that recognizes and degrades the capsule of this particular host, while gp098 is a secondary receptor-binding protein that requires the coordinated action of gp531. Finally, we demonstrate that RaK2 long tail fibers consist of nine TFPs, seven of which are depolymerases, and propose a model for their assembly.
Behind the definition of Industry 5.0: a systematic review of technologies, principles, components, and values

ABSTRACT This study addresses the emerging concept of Industry 5.0, which aims to tackle societal concerns associated with the ongoing digital industrial transformation. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the definition and scope of Industry 5.0, as well as limited understanding of its technological components, design principles, and intended values. To bridge these knowledge gaps, the study conducts a content-centric review of relevant literature and synthesizes evidence to develop an architectural design for Industry 5.0. The findings reveal that Industry 5.0 represents the future of industrial transformation, offering potential solutions to socio-economic and environmental issues that were inadequately addressed or exacerbated by Industry 4.0. The study provides managers, industrialists, and policymakers with a comprehensive overview of Industry 5.0, including its technological constituents, design principles, and smart components, emphasizing the importance of stakeholder involvement and integration for effective governance of digital industrial transformation within this framework.
Melatonin Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Spermatogenesis Disorder by Reducing Pyroptosis

As a chemotherapeutic drug, cyclophosphamide (CP) has a negative impact on male fertility due to its reproductive toxicity. Melatonin (Mel) promotes the male reproductive system and increases testosterone synthesis. This study is aimed at exploring the molecular mechanism of Mel as a protector of male fertility against CP-induced cytotoxicity. A CP toxicity model was established in adult ICR male mice by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg CP every other day for a week. Protective effects of Mel on the testis from CP-induced damage were evaluated using four groups of ICR male mice that received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, 100 mg/kg CP, 10 mg/kg Mel, or the same dosage of CP and Mel, respectively. Testis morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Sperm quality parameters were evaluated, and sperm function was studied by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Proliferation, meiosis, and pyroptosis markers were examined by western blot. Results showed that CP treatment induced testis toxicity in a time-dependent manner with the most severe damage to the testis at two weeks post CP treatment. CP-treated mice showed reduced testicular weight and impaired spermatogenesis by downregulating PCNA and SYCP3, reduced serum testosterone levels, decreased sperm counts and motility, increased seminiferous tubule vacuolization, and oxidative damage to spermatogenic cells. All these effects, apart from testicular weight, could be ameliorated by Mel administration. The IVF experiment revealed that CP treatment reduced the rates of sperm fertilization and blastocyst development, which were also enhanced by Mel. Mel-treated mice also showed increased expression of proliferation-associated protein PCNA and meiosis-associated proteins REC8, STRA8, and SYCP3, which were all reduced by CP. Furthermore, Mel inhibited the pyroptosis of spermatogenic cells by reducing GSDMD and IL18 expression. In conclusion, this study indicated that Mel might protect the testis from CP-induced DNA damage to germ cells through the alleviation of pyroptosis.
Variations in Home Advantage: Evidence from the National Hockey League

We study two important aspects of the home advantage for ice hockey. First we study team and season level data to uncover systematic variation in the home advantage across teams and over time. We find no systematic variation in home advantage across teams. Secondly, we use six seasons of game-level data to uncover sources of the home advantage. Our results show that additional rest for the home team has no impact on the win-loss probability. We find evidence that the home teamâs rule advantage with regard to stick placement during face-offs helps to explain the home advantage, but that the home teamâs rule advantage with regard to last line change opportunity does not. We find that the home advantage varies over the progression of the season, being the highest at the beginning and end of the season, and very small in the middle of the season. We also find that the home advantage is larger at the end of the season when the two teams are high in the standings. Some of these results are consistent with referee bias, but we are unable to show a causal relationship between referee bias and these results.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Levocetirizne Dihydrochloride and Phenylephrine hydrochloride in their tablet dosage form.

In this study, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Levocetirizine and Phenylephrine in tablet dosage formulation. HPLC separation was achieved with Serveyor PDA/RI/FL model having Chromoquest 5 Software with 20.0 μl fixed loop injector, plus C18 (250mm×4.6mm, 5μm) column and UV detector as stationary phase and 10mM phosphate buffer (pH adjustedto 5.5) (80:20, v/v) as eluent, at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. UV detection was performed at 278 nm. The retention time of Levocetirizine and Phenylephrine were found to 4.921 and 2.721min respectively. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The stability of Levocetirizine was maintained by carrying out all the operations in amber coloured glass wares with minimal exposure to light. The result of the studies showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which can be used for the routine determination of Levocetirizine and Phenylephrine in bulk and in its pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Hierarchical modeling of multi-scale dynamical systems using adaptive radial basis function neural networks: application to synthetic jet actuator wing

Hierarchical Modeling of Multi-scale Dynamical Systems Using Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Networks: Application to Synthetic Jet Actuator Wing. (May 2004) Hee Eun Lee, B.S., Yonsei University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. John L. Junkins To obtain a suitable mathematical model of the input-output behavior of highly nonlinear, multi-scale, nonparametric phenomena, we introduce an adaptive radial basis function approximation approach. We use this approach to estimate the discrepancy between traditional model areas and the multiscale physics of systems involving distributed sensing and technology. Radial Basis Function Networks offers the possible approach to nonparametric multi-scale modeling for dynamical systems like the adaptive wing with the Synthetic Jet Actuator (SJA). We use the Regularized Orthogonal Least Square method (Mark, 1996) and the RAN-EKF (Resource Allocating NetworkExtended Kalman Filter) as a reference approach. The first part of the algorithm determines the location of centers one by one until the error goal is met and regularization is achieved. The second process includes an algorithm for the adaptation of all the parameters in the Radial Basis Function Network, centers, variances (shapes) and weights. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these algorithms, SJA wind tunnel data are modeled using this approach. Good performance is obtained compared with conventional neural networks like the multi layer neural network and least square
Nutritional Intake after Liver Transplant: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cardiovascular disease and its concurrent risk factors are prevalent after liver transplant (LT). Most of these risk factors are modifiable by diet. We aimed to synthesise the literature reporting the nutritional intake of liver transplant recipients (LTR) and the potential determinants of intake. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies published up until July 2021 reporting the nutritional intake of LTR. The pooled daily mean intakes were recorded as 1998 (95% CI 1889, 2108) kcal, 17 (17, 18)% energy from protein, 49 (48, 51)% energy from carbohydrates, 34 (33, 35)% energy from total fat, 10 (7, 13)% energy from saturated fat, and 20 (18, 21) g of fibre. The average fruit and vegetable intake ranged from 105 to 418 g/day. The length of time post-LT and the age and sex of the cohorts, as well as the continent and year of publication of each study, were sources of heterogeneity. Nine studies investigated the potential determinants of intake, time post-LT, gender and immunosuppression medication, with inconclusive results. Energy and protein requirements were not met in the first month post-transplant. After this point, energy intake was significantly higher and remained stable over time, with a high fat intake and low intake of fibre, fruits and vegetables. This suggests that LTR consume a high-energy, low-quality diet in the long term and do not adhere to the dietary guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Dilemma of Blunt Abdominal Trauma in Patients with Crohn’s Disease, Can Intestinal Perforation be Missed?

Background: Isolated intestinal injury after blunt abdominal trauma is a rare challenging clinical entity. Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are considered more prone to spontaneous intestinal perforation rather than normal population However, spontaneous intestinal perforation remains rare. In the literature, there are few cases reports discussing intestinal perforation after blunt abdominal trauma in CD patients. Objective: Herein, we report a young male patient with CD who had missed traumatic intestinal perforation along with literature review of similar cases. Case Presentation: A young male patient, known to have CD, was brought to the emergency department after a road traffic accident. He had mild tenderness over his right iliac fossa with no signs of peritonitis. His chest X-rays revealed right-sided pneumothorax. His pan-computed tomography revealed thickened terminal ileum and minimal collection between the intestinal loops that were interpreted as interval regression of his Crohn’s disease. On the second day, he remained hemodynamically-stable with no signs of peritonitis but his chest X-rays showed air under diaphragm. A repeated CT showed pneumoperitoneum, air foci around the terminal ileum and mild free fluid. An ileal perforation was found around 25 cm from the ileo-cecal valve. The involved ileal segment was completely resected with double-barrel ileostomy. Conclusion: Traumatic intestinal injury in patients with Crohn’s disease represent both diagnostic and management dilemma. Inaccurate interpretation of radiological signs may lead to a delayed or missed diagnosis and surgical intervention. Abdominal CT scan should be routinely repeated, within 24 hours, for such patients, regardless absence of symptoms or signs suggestive of intestinal perforation.
Productivity, Quality and Economics of Dual Purpose Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties under Different Nitrogen Scheduling

The experiment was conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2007–09. The experiment was comprised of two varieties (i.e. RD 2552 and RD 2035) which were kept in the main plots and five nitrogen scheduling of T1. 1/2N at basal + 1/2N immediate after cut (1/2N+1/2N), T2. 1/2N at basal + 1/4N after cut + 1/4N after next irrigation (1/2N+1/4N+1/4N), T3. 1/3N at basal + 1/3N after cut + 1/3N after next irrigation (1/3N+1/3N+1/3N), T4. 1/3N at basal + 2/3N immediate after cut (1/3N+2/3N) and T5. 2/3N at basal + 1/3N immediate after cut (2/3N+1/3N) was kept in the sub-plots treatments of split plot design were replicated thrice. Total nitrogen used was 80 kg N/ha. The variety RD 2035 gave numerically higher fodder yield than RD 2552 while reverse is significantly true for grain yield and crude protein. In 2/3N + 1/3N scheduling, the highest fodder yield was recorded was significantly higher than 1/3N + 1/3N+1/3N and 1/3N + 2/3N scheduling but statistically on par with 1/2N + 1/2N and 1/2N + 1/4N+1/4N scheduling. The highest fodder yield recorded in 2/3N + 1/3N scheduling was significantly higher than 1/3N + 1/3N+1/3N and 1/3N + 2/3N scheduling but statistically on par with 1/2N + 1/2N and 1/2N + 1/4N+1/4N scheduling. Highest crude protein recorded in nitrogen scheduling of 1/2N at basal + 1/4N after cut + 1/4N after next irrigation which was statistically on par with 1/2N at basal + 1/2N immediate after cut and 1/3N at basal + 1/3N after cut + 1/3N after next irrigation but was significantly higher than1/3N at basal + 2/3N immediately after cut and 2/3N at basal + 1/3N immediately after cut.