Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human forearm muscle metabolism during exercise. V. Quantitative aspects of glucose uptake and lactate production during prolonged exercise.

In 6 subjects brachial artery blood flow and concentrations of glucose and lactate were determined in arterial (a) and deep venous blood (dv) at rest and during forearm exercise at 10 kpm/min. During the initial 2–3 minutes of exercise the a—dv glucose difference approached zero and became negative. On continued exercise a rapid increase in the a—dv glucose difference was seen, and after 10 minutes' exercise forearm muscle glucose uptake was more than 15 times the resting level. Glucose uptake showed a further rise during the remainder of the exercise period; the mean value recorded after 60 minutes' exercise was approximately 35 times the uptake at rest. The maximum lactate production was measured during the initial phase of exercise and proved to be approximately 130 times the resting level. Lactate production gradually diminished during the rest of the exercise period.
moco: Fast Motion Correction for Calcium Imaging

Motion correction is the first step in a pipeline of algorithms to analyze calcium imaging videos and extract biologically relevant information, for example the network structure of the neurons therein. Fast motion correction is especially critical for closed-loop activity triggered stimulation experiments, where accurate detection and targeting of specific cells in necessary. We introduce a novel motion-correction algorithm which uses a Fourier-transform approach, and a combination of judicious downsampling and the accelerated computation of many L2 norms using dynamic programming and two-dimensional, fft-accelerated convolutions, to enhance its efficiency. Its accuracy is comparable to that of established community-used algorithms, and it is more stable to large translational motions. It is programmed in Java and is compatible with ImageJ.
Prognostic Significance of Adenocarcinoma In Situ, Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma, and Nonmucinous Lepidic Predominant Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Lung in Patients With Stage I Disease

According to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification, the lepidic predominant pattern consists of 3 subtypes: adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and nonmucinous lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma. We reviewed tumor slides from 1038 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma, recording the percentage of each histologic pattern and measuring the invasive tumor size. Tumors were classified according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification: 2 were AIS, 34 MIA, and 103 lepidic predominant invasive. Cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) was used to estimate the probability of recurrence. Patients with AIS and MIA experienced no recurrences. Patients with lepidic predominant invasive tumors had a lower risk for recurrence (5-y CIR, 8%) than nonlepidic predominant tumors (n=899; 19%; P=0.003). Patients with >50% lepidic pattern tumors experienced no recurrences (n=84), those with >10% to 50% lepidic pattern tumors had an intermediate risk for recurrence (n=344; 5-y CIR, 12%), and those with ⩽10% lepidic pattern tumors had the highest risk (n=610; 22%; P<0.001). CIR was lower for patients with ⩽2 cm tumors than for those with >2 to 3 cm tumors (for both total and invasive tumor size), with the difference more pronounced for invasive tumor size (5-y CIR, 13% vs. 21% [total size; P=0.022] and 12% vs. 27% [invasive size; P<0.001]). Most patients with lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma who experienced a recurrence had potential risk factors, including sublobar resection with close margins (⩽0.5 cm; n=2), 20% to 30% micropapillary component (n=2), and lymphatic or vascular invasion (n=2). It therefore may be possible to identify lepidic predominant adenocarcinomas that carry a low or high risk for recurrence.
Design and Analysis of High-Capacity Associative Memories Based on a Class of Discrete-Time Recurrent Neural Networks

This paper presents a design method for synthesizing associative memories based on discrete-time recurrent neural networks. The proposed procedure enables both hetero- and autoassociative memories to be synthesized with high storage capacity and assured global asymptotic stability. The stored patterns are retrieved by feeding probes via external inputs rather than initial conditions. As typical representatives, discrete-time cellular neural networks (CNNs) designed with space-invariant cloning templates are examined in detail. In particular, it is shown that procedure herein can determine the input matrix of any CNN based on a space-invariant cloning template which involves only a few design parameters. Two specific examples and many experimental results are included to demonstrate the characteristics and performance of the designed associative memories.
A web of coordinative artifacts: collaborative work at a hospital ward

This paper reports from a field study of a hospital ward and discusses how people achieve coordination through the use of a wide range of interrelated non-digital artifacts, like whiteboards, work schedules, examination sheets, care records, post-it notes etc. These artifacts have multiple roles and functions which in combination facilitate location awareness, continuous coordination, cooperative planning and status overview. We described how actors achieve coordination by using different aspects of these artifacts: their material qualities, the structure they provide as templates and the signs inscribed upon them that are only meaningful to knowledgeable actors. We finally discuss the implication for the design of CSCW tools from the study.
Collision-probability constrained PRM for a manipulator with base pose uncertainty

We address the motion planning problem for a manipulator system with base pose uncertainty, e.g., when the manipulator is mounted on a mobile base. Using a particle based representation for the uncertainty, we extend the PRM (probabilistic roadmap) approach to deal with this base uncertainty. Because of the uncertainty, a path for the manipulator is associated with a probability of being collision-free, which fundamentally changes the nature of the PRM's query phase. We plan for a shortest path such that the probability of the manipulator being collision-free is higher than a user defined threshold, were the manipulator to follow the path. The path query problem becomes a collision probability constrained shortest path problem (CP-CSPP), and is shown as NP-hard w.r. t. the number of the particles [1]. We then present a lazy query algorithm, called Lazy-CPC-PRM (collision probability constrained LazyPRM), based on a k-shortest path algorithm in conjunction with a labeling algorithm. Lazy-CPC-PRM exploits a key insight that if a portion of a path considered by the algorithm is invalid (the probability of it being collision-free is less than a threshold) or is dominated by another sub-path, then all the longer paths containing this portion can not be the solution path. This leads to significant efficiency gains in practice. Although, worst case complexity is exponential in the number of particles, we empirically show the effectiveness of our query algorithm with 30 particles for a simulated 3-dof manipulator mounted on a mobile base.
Singlet Exciton Lifetimes in Conjugated Polymer Films for Organic Solar Cells

The lifetime of singlet excitons in conjugated polymer films is a key factor taken into account during organic solar cell device optimization. It determines the singlet exciton diffusion lengths in polymer films and has a direct impact on the photocurrent generation by organic solar cell devices. However, very little is known about the material properties controlling the lifetimes of singlet excitons, with most of our knowledge originating from studies of small organic molecules. Herein, we provide a brief summary of the nature of the excited states in conjugated polymer films and then present an analysis of the singlet exciton lifetimes of 16 semiconducting polymers. The exciton lifetimes of seven of the studied polymers were measured using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and compared to the lifetimes of seven of the most common photoactive polymers found in the literature. A plot of the logarithm of the rate of exciton decay vs. the polymer optical bandgap reveals a medium correlation between lifetime and bandgap, thus suggesting that the Energy Gap Law may be valid for these systems. This therefore suggests that small bandgap polymers can suffer from short exciton lifetimes, which may limit their performance in organic solar cell devices. In addition, the impact of film crystallinity on the exciton lifetime was assessed for a small bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole co-polymer. It is observed that the increase of polymer film crystallinity leads to reduction in exciton lifetime and optical bandgap again in agreement with the Energy Gap Law.
Cluster Ensembles for Network Anomaly Detection

Cluster ensembles aim to find better, more natural clusterings by combining multiple clusterings. We apply ensemble clustering to anomaly detection, hypothesizing that multiple views of the data will improve the detection of attacks. Each clustering rates how anomalous a point is; ratings are combined by averaging or taking either the minimum, the maximum, or median score. The evaluation shows that taking the median prediction from the cluster ensemble results in better performance than single clusterings. Surprisingly, averaging the individual predictions a) leads to worse performance than that of individual clusterings, and b) performs identically to taking the minimum prediction from the ensemble. This counter-intuitive result stems from asymmetric prediction distributions.
A novel safety assessment strategy for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in carton food contact materials

One of the main challenges in food contact materials research is to prove that the presence of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) is not a safety issue. Migration extracts may contain many unknown substances present at low concentrations. It is difficult and time-consuming to identify all these potential NIAS and concurrently to assess their health risk upon exposure, whereas the health relevance at low exposure levels might not even be an issue. This paper describes a scientifically based, but pragmatic safety assessment approach for unknown substances present at low exposure levels in food contact matrices. This complex mixture safety assessment strategy (CoMSAS) enables one to distinguish toxicologically relevant from toxicologically less relevant substances, when related to their respective levels of exposure, and allows one to focus on the substances of potential health concern. In particular, substances for which exposure will be below certain thresholds may be considered not of health relevance in case specific classes of substances are excluded. This can reduce the amount of work needed for identification, characterisation and evaluation of unknown substances at low concentration. The CoMSAS approach is presented in this paper using a safety assessment of unknown NIAS that may migrate from three carton samples.
Posttranslational Protein Translocation Across the Membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Abstract Posttranslational protein translocation across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by the Sec complex. This complex includes a transmembrane channel formed by multiple copies of the Sec61 protein. Translocation of a polypeptide begins when the signal sequence binds at a specific site within the channel. Binding results in the insertion of the substrate into the channel, possibly as a loop with a small segment exposed to the lumen. While bound, the signal sequence is in contact with both protein components of the channel and the lipid of the membrane. Subsequent movement of the polypeptide through the channel occurs when BiP molecules interact transiently with a luminal domain of the Sec complex, hydrolyze ATP, and bind to the substrate. Bound BiP promotes translocation by preventing the substrate from diffusing backwards through the channel, and thus acts as a molecular ratchet.
Devenir des apports solides du Rhône dans le Golfe du Lion : étude de la dynamique du panache turbide du Rhône en réponse aux forçages hydrométéorologiques

Les contaminants, dissouts ou adsorbes sur les particules, sont principalement delivres au milieu marin par les fleuves. La dynamique sedimentaire constitue alors un proxy de la dynamique de ces contaminants. Cette these s'inscrit dans le projet ANR AMORAD, et se focalise sur la dynamique du materiel particulaire delivre par le Rhone au Golfe du Lion (Mediterranee nord-occidentale), principal contributeur d'apports solides au Golfe (80 % des sediments). Alors que des etudes anterieures ont permis de bien representer les processus au niveau du fond, les processus regissant les comportements des matieres en supension (MES), majoritairement rencontrees dans le panache turbide du Rhone, sont encore mal aprehendes. En vue de mieux decrire la dynamique de ces MES et d'ameliorer les modeles hydrosedimentaires existants, l'objectif est de mieux caracteriser ces particules. A cette fin, un vaste jeu de donnees issu de capteurs deployes in situ (donnees collectees pour 12 campagnes en mer, realisees de 2011 a 2016) a ete exploite, permettant d’obtenir une vision 2D verticale mais seulement ponctuelle (spatialement et temporellement). De facon complementaire, une base de donnees d'images satellitaires (donnee couleur de l'eau du capteur MERIS-300m acquise entre 2002 et 2012), offrant une vue plus synoptique et long terme mais uniquement en surface, a ete exploitee. Le jeu de donnees d'images satellitaire (plus de 800 images) a ete traite de facon innovante par l'application d'un traitement semi-automatique permettant l'extraction de differentes metriques du panache turbide du Rhone (e.g. aire, limites d'extension, forme, centres geometriques, concentrations). La distribution spatiale et les caracteristiques physiques des MES telles que leur concentration dans l'eau, leur diametre median ou encore leur vitesse de chute ont ete etudiees et estimees en fonction des differents forcages hydrometeorologiques actifs sur la zone d'etude (e.g. debit du Rhone, vents dominants). Un nouveau modele hydrosedimentaire reposant sur le couplage du modele hydrodynamique MARS-3D et du module sedimentaire multiclasse MIXSED a ete configure et les donnees in situ et satellitaires ont pu etre mobilisees afin de contraindre la vitesse de chute des sediments, parametre clef de la modelisation de la dynamique hydrosedimentaire.
Immune Responses and Disease Enhancement during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

SUMMARY Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the commonest and most troublesome viruses of infancy. It causes most cases of bronchiolitis, which is associated with wheezing in later childhood. In primary infection, the peak of disease typically coincides with the development of specific T- and B-cell responses, which seem, in large part, to be responsible for disease. Animal models clearly show that a range of immune responses can enhance disease severity, particularly after vaccination with formalin-inactivated RSV. Prior immune sensitization leads to exuberant chemokine production, an excessive cellular influx, and an overabundance of cytokines during RSV challenge. Under different circumstances, specific mediators and T-cell subsets and antibody-antigen immune complex deposition are incriminated as major factors in disease. Animal models of immune enhancement permit a deep understanding of the role of specific immune responses in RSV disease, assist in vaccine design, and indicate which immunomodulatory therapy might be beneficial to children with bronchiolitis.
Employing circadian rhythms to enhance power and reliability

This article presents a novel scheme for saving architectural power by mitigating delay degradations in digital circuits due to bias temperature instability (BTI), inspired by the notion of human circadian rhythms. The method works in two alternating phases. In the first, the compute phase, the circuit is awake and active, operating briskly at a greater-than-nominal supply voltage which causes tasks to complete more quickly. In the second, the idle phase, the circuit is power-gated and put to sleep, enabling BTI recovery. Since the wakeful stage works at an elevated supply voltage, it results in greater aging than operation at the nominal supply voltage, but the sleep state involves a recovery that more than compensates for this differential. We demonstrate, both at the circuit and the architectural levels, that at about the same performance, this approach can result in appreciable BTI mitigation, thus reducing the guardbands necessary to protect against aging, which results in power savings over the conventional design.
Increasing commitment to online communities by designing for social presence

The existence and survival of online communities depends upon the commitment and retention of their members. This paper compares alternative ways of designing online sites to increase member commitment. We report the results of two experiments conducted within a Facebook game application. The results show that designs can increase commitment and retention of players either by visually highlighting individual members, or by emphasizing the community as a whole. These designs influence commitment through different routes.
Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in Lymphoma Cells by the Diterpenoid Lactone Andrographolide, the Active Component of Andrographis paniculata

Purpose: Andrographolide is a diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata (King of Bitters), an herbal medicine used in Asia. It has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiviral, and immune-stimulant properties. Furthermore, it has been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in leukemia and solid tumor cell lines. Experimental Design: We studied the Burkitt p53-mutated Ramos cell line, the mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) line Granta, the follicular lymphoma (FL) cell line HF-1, and the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell line SUDHL4, as well as primary cells from patients with FL, DLBCL, and MCL. Results: We found that andrographolide resulted in dose- and time-dependent cell death as measured by MTT. Andrographolide significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in all cell lines. To determine mechanism of cell death, we measured apoptosis by Annexin V/propidium iodide in the presence and absence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), the glutathione (GSH)–depleting agent buthionine sulfoxamine (BSO), or caspase inhibitors. We found that apoptosis was greatly enhanced by BSO, blocked by NAC, and accompanied by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. We measured BAX conformational change and mitochondrial membrane potential, and using mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) Bax/Bak double knockouts (MEFBax−/−/Bak−/−), we found that apoptosis was mediated through mitochondrial pathways, but dependent on caspases in both cell lines and patient samples. Conclusions: Andrographolide caused ROS-dependent apoptosis in lymphoma cell lines and in primary tumor samples, which was enhanced by depletion of GSH and inhibited by NAC or the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Further studies of diterpenoid lactones in lymphoma are warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 16(19); 4755–68. ©2010 AACR.
NISLVMP: Improved Virtual Machine-Based Software Protection

The VM (Virtual Machine)-based software protection technique provides an effective solution to protect software, making it extremely difficult to analyze and crack. This technique has become the research focus of software protection. In this paper, we introduce the general design ideas of this technique. However, there exist some vulnerabilities in the design. We introduce these vulnerabilities in detail and come up with some improvements to mitigate them. We design and develop a VM-based protection system, named NISLVMP, and carry out some experiments with it. The results show that the improvements are effective.
Recommender : An Analysis of Collaborative Filtering Techniques

Collaborative filtering is one of the most widely researched and implemented recommendation algorithms. Collaborative filtering is simply a mechanism to filter massive amounts of data based upon a previous interactions of a large number of users. In this project I analyze and benchmark several collaborative filtering implementations in PowerGraph, an advanced machine learning framework, across a variety of different sparse datasets. My goal is to empirically discover the performance and algorithmic tradeoffs of state-of-the-art techniques for collaborative filtering on modern commodity multi-socket, multi-core, nonuniform memory access (NUMA) hardware.
Double-hit B-cell lymphomas.

In many B-cell lymphomas, chromosomal translocations are biologic and diagnostic hallmarks of disease. An intriguing subset is formed by the so-called double- hit (DH) lymphomas that are defined by a chromosomal breakpoint affecting the MYC/8q24 locus in combination with another recurrent breakpoint, mainly a t(14;18)(q32;q21) involving BCL2. Recently, these lymphomas have received increased attention, which contributed to the introduction of a novel category of lymphomas in the 2008 WHO classification, "B cell lymphoma unclassifiable with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL. " In this review we explore the existing literature for the most recurrent types of DH B-cell lymphomas and the involved genes with their functions, as well as their pathology and clinical aspects including therapy and prognosis. The incidence of aggressive B-cell lymphomas other than Burkitt lymphoma with a MYC breakpoint and in particular a double hit is difficult to assess, because screening by methods like FISH has not been applied on large, unselected series, and the published cytogenetic data may be biased to specific categories of lymphomas. DH lymphomas have been classified heterogeneously but mostly as DLBCL, the majority having a germinal center phenotype and expression of BCL2. Patients with DH lymphomas often present with poor prognostic parameters, including elevated LDH, bone marrow and CNS involvement, and a high IPI score. All studies on larger series of patients suggest a poor prognosis, also if treated with RCHOP or high-intensity treatment modalities. Importantly, this poor outcome cannot be accounted for by the mere presence of a MYC/8q24 breakpoint. Likely, the combination of MYC and BCL2 expression and/or a related high genomic complexity are more important. Compared to these DH lymphomas, BCL6(+)/MYC(+) DH lymphomas are far less common, and in fact most of these cases represent BCL2(+)/BCL6(+)/MYC(+) triple-hit lymphomas with involvement of BCL2 as well. CCND1(+)/MYC(+) DH lymphomas with involvement of 11q13 may also be relatively frequent, the great majority being classified as aggressive variants of mantle cell lymphoma. This suggests that activation of MYC might be an important progression pathway in mantle cell lymphoma as well. Based on clinical significance and the fact that no other solid diagnostic tools are available to identify DH lymphomas, it seems advisable to test all diffuse large B-cell and related lymphomas for MYC and other breakpoints.