Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graphs with many r‐cliques have large complete r‐partite subgraphs

Let r⩾2 and c>0. Every graph on n vertices with at least cnr cliques on r vertices contains a complete r‐partite subgraph with r−1 parts of size ⌊ crlog n⌋ and one part of size greater than n1−cr−1 . This result implies a quantitative form of the Erdös–Stone theorem.
Adaptive Strassen's matrix multiplication

Strassen's matrix multiplication (MM) has benefits with respect to any (highly tuned) implementations of MM because Strassen's reduces the total number of operations. Strassen achieved this operation reduction by replacing computationally expensive MMs with matrix additions (MAs). For architectures with simple memory hierarchies, having fewer operations directly translates into an efficient utilization of the CPU and, thus, faster execution. However, for modern architectures with complex memory hierarchies, the operations introduced by the MAs have a limited in-cache data reuse and thus poor memory-hierarchy utilization, thereby overshadowing the (improved) CPU utilization, and making Strassen's algorithm (largely) useless on its own. In this paper, we investigate the interaction between Strassen's effective performance and the memory-hierarchy organization. We show how to exploit Strassen's full potential across different architectures. We present an easy-to-use adaptive algorithm that combines a novel implementation of Strassen's idea with the MM from automatically tuned linear algebra software (ATLAS) or GotoBLAS. An additional advantage of our algorithm is that it applies to any size and shape matrices and works equally well with row or column major layout. Our implementation consists of introducing a final step in the ATLAS/GotoBLAS-installation process that estimates whether or not we can achieve any additional speedup using our Strassen's adaptation algorithm. Then we install our codes, validate our estimates, and determine the specific performance. We show that, by the right combination of Strassen's with ATLAS/GotoBLAS, our approach achieves up to 30%/22% speed-up versus ATLAS/GotoBLAS alone on modern high-performance single processors. We consider and present the complexity and the numerical analysis of our algorithm, and, finally, we show performance for 17 (uniprocessor) systems.
A Feedback Control Mechanism for Balancing I/O- and Memory-Intensive Applications on Clusters

One common assumption of existing models of load balancing is that the weights of resources and I/O buffer size are statically configured and cannot be adjusted based on a dynamic workload. Though the static configuration of these parameters performs well in a cluster where the workload can be modeled and predicted, its performance is poor in dynamic systems in which the workload is unknown. In this paper, a new feedback control mechanism is proposed to improve overall performance of a cluster with a general and practical workload including I/O-intensive and memory-intensive load. This mechanism is also shown to be effective in complementing and enhancing the performance of a number of existing dynamic load-balancing schemes. To capture the current and past workload characteristics, the primary objectives of the feedback mechanism are: (1) dynamically adjusting the resource weights, which indicate the significance of the resources, and (2) minimizing the number of page faults for memory-intensive jobs while increasing the utilization of the I/O buffers for I/O-intensive jobs by manipulating the I/O buffer size. Results from extensive trace-driven simulation experiments show that compared with a number of schemes with fixed resource weights and buffer sizes, the feedback control mechanism delivers a performance improvement in terms of the mean slowdown by up to 282% (with an average of 125%).
Extracting left ventricular contour by MVN_CNN, UBN_CNN and region based level set method

In this paper, the detection of the boundaries and extraction of the area of left ventricular are proposed. The echocardiographic image is preprocessed to enhance the contrast and smoothness by utilizing Multi Valued Neural Cellular Neural Networks (MVN_CNN) non linear filter. UBN_CNN is applied to the smoothed image to detect the heart boundaries. A non threshold Boolean function with nine variables is utilized to detect the edges corresponding to the upward and downward brightness overleaps. A region based level set method is applied to extract the area of left ventricular. Some experimental results are given for different echocardiographic images. The detection and extraction combination of UBN_CNN and region based level set approach showed better results for extracting the LV boundaries.
Distance‐based time series classification approach for task recognition with application in surgical robot autonomy

Robotic‐assisted surgery allows surgeons to perform many types of complex operations with greater precision than is possible with conventional surgery. Despite these advantages, in current systems, a surgeon should communicate with the device directly and manually. To allow the robot to adjust parameters such as camera position, the system needs to know automatically what task the surgeon is performing.
Recent Retreat of Wilkins Ice Shelf Reveals New Insights in Ice Shelf Breakup Mechanisms

The disintegration of various ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula has demonstrated their vulnerability and impacts on tributary glaciers. A satellite image of Wilkins Ice Shelf (WIS) from July of 2007 reveals the formation of a large new double fracture, accompanied by numerous small fractures. We show that bending stresses induced by buoyancy forces were responsible for fracture formation. On February 28-29, 2008, an area of about 425 km2 broke up at a narrow connection of the WIS to one of its confining islands. In contrast to Larsen B Ice Shelf, melt ponds that drain into crevasses played no role in this breakup process. A further breakup of 160 km2 in the same area occurred on May 30-31, 2008 and documented that breakup can occur during austral winter. Radar images reveal a frozen surface, which demonstrates that in this breakup, surface melt water did not play a role. We conclude that ice shelves with strong thickness contrasts carry potential for disintegration. The fact that the WIS experienced two breakup events under two widely contrasting surface conditions (one during the melt season and one during winter) reveals that there may be several reasons for the disintegration of ice shelves that operate under differing circumstances.
Mitigating errors caused by interruptions during medication verification and administration: interventions in a simulated ambulatory chemotherapy setting

Background Nurses are frequently interrupted during medication verification and administration; however, few interventions exist to mitigate resulting errors, and the impact of these interventions on medication safety is poorly understood. Objective The study objectives were to (A) assess the effects of interruptions on medication verification and administration errors, and (B) design and test the effectiveness of targeted interventions at reducing these errors. Methods The study focused on medication verification and administration in an ambulatory chemotherapy setting. A simulation laboratory experiment was conducted to determine interruption-related error rates during specific medication verification and administration tasks. Interventions to reduce these errors were developed through a participatory design process, and their error reduction effectiveness was assessed through a postintervention experiment. Results Significantly more nurses committed medication errors when interrupted than when uninterrupted. With use of interventions when interrupted, significantly fewer nurses made errors in verifying medication volumes contained in syringes (16/18; 89% preintervention error rate vs 11/19; 58% postintervention error rate; p=0.038; Fisher's exact test) and programmed in ambulatory pumps (17/18; 94% preintervention vs 11/19; 58% postintervention; p=0.012). The rate of error commission significantly decreased with use of interventions when interrupted during intravenous push (16/18; 89% preintervention vs 6/19; 32% postintervention; p=0.017) and pump programming (7/18; 39% preintervention vs 1/19; 5% postintervention; p=0.017). No statistically significant differences were observed for other medication verification tasks. Conclusions Interruptions can lead to medication verification and administration errors. Interventions were highly effective at reducing unanticipated errors of commission in medication administration tasks, but showed mixed effectiveness at reducing predictable errors of detection in medication verification tasks. These findings can be generalised and adapted to mitigate interruption-related errors in other settings where medication verification and administration are required.
The AbgT family: A novel class of antimetabolite transporters

The AbgT family of transporters was thought to contribute to bacterial folate biosynthesis by importing the catabolite p‐aminobenzoyl‐glutamate for producing this essential vitamin. Approximately 13,000 putative transporters of the family have been identified. However, before our work, no structural information was available and even functional data were minimal for this family of membrane proteins. To elucidate the structure and function of the AbgT family of transporters, we recently determined the X‐ray structures of the full‐length Alcanivorax borkumensis YdaH and Neisseria gonorrhoeae MtrF membrane proteins. The structures reveal that these two transporters assemble as dimers with architectures distinct from all other families of transporters. Both YdaH and MtrF are bowl‐shaped dimers with a solvent‐filled basin extending from the cytoplasm halfway across the membrane bilayer. The protomers of YdaH and MtrF contain nine transmembrane helices and two hairpins. These structures directly suggest a plausible pathway for substrate transport. A combination of the crystal structure, genetic analysis and substrate accumulation assay indicates that both YdaH and MtrF behave as exporters, capable of removing the folate metabolite p‐aminobenzoic acid from bacterial cells. Further experimental data based on drug susceptibility and radioactive transport assay suggest that both YdaH and MtrF participate as antibiotic efflux pumps, importantly mediating bacterial resistance to sulfonamide antimetabolite drugs. It is possible that many of these AbgT‐family transporters act as exporters, thereby conferring bacterial resistance to sulfonamides. The AbgT‐family transporters may be important targets for the rational design of novel antibiotics to combat bacterial infections.
Design of current-fed push-pull resonant inverters for cold cathode fluorescent lamps

This paper presents the circuit design of current-fed push-pull resonant inverters for cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL). The current-fed push-pull resonant inverter acts as a sinusoidal current source to drive the nonlinear CCFL loads. The sinusoidal current source may be implemented with a center-tapped transformer and an inductor, or with a general transformer and two inductors. Both designs exhibit the same zero-voltage switching behavior. However, due to simple and low cost, the self-excited push-pull resonant inverters with bipolar junction transistors suit the applications of CCFL drivers. This paper depicts the designs of inverter circuits, and demonstrates the analyses with simulations and experimental results.
Phase-adjustable error detection flip-flops with 2-stage hold-driven optimization, slack-based grouping scheme and slack distribution control for dynamic voltage scaling

For Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS), we propose a novel design methodology. This methodology is composed of an error detection circuit and three technologies to reduce the area and power penalties which are the large issues for the conventional DVS with error detection. The proposed circuit, Phase-Adjustable Error Detection Flip-Flip (PEDFF), adjusts the clock phase of an additional FF for the timing error detection, based on the timing slack. 2-Stage Hold-Driven Optimization (2-SHDO) technology splits the hold-driven optimization in two stages. Slack-Based Grouping Scheme (SBGS) technology divides each timing path into appropriate groups based on the timing slack. Slack Distribution Control (SDC) technology improves the sharp distribution of the path delay at which the logic synthesis tool has relaxed the delay. We evaluate the methodology by simulating a 32-bit microprocessor in 90 nm CMOS technology. The proposed methodology reduces the energy consumption by 19.8% compared to non-DVS. The OR-tree's latency is shortened to 16.3% compared to the conventional DVS. The area and power penalties for delay buffers on short paths are reduced to 35.0% and 40.6% compared to the conventional DVS, respectively. The proposed methodology with SDC reduces the energy consumption by 17.0% on another example with the sharp slack distribution by the logic synthesis compared to non-DVS.
Safety Pro fi le of Nifurtimox for Treatment of Chagas Disease in the United States

Background. Nifurtimox is 1 of only 2 medications available for treating Chagas disease (CD) and currently the only drug available in the United States, but its safety and tolerance have not been extensively studied. This is the first study to evaluate tolerance of nifurtimox in US patients with CD. Methods. This investigation assessed side effects in a sample of 53 patients with CD, all Latin American immigrants, who underwent treatment with nifurtimox (8–10 mg/kg in 3 daily doses for 12 weeks) from March 2008 to July 2012. The frequency and severity of adverse events (AEs) was recorded. Results. A total of 435 AEs were recorded; 93.8% were mild, 3.0% moderate, and 3.2% severe. Patients experienced a mean of 8.2 AEs; the most frequent were anorexia (79.2%), nausea (75.5%), headache (60.4%), amnesia (58.5%), and >5% weight loss (52.8%). Eleven patients (20.8%) were unable to complete treatment. Experiencing a moderate or severe AE (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; P < .05) and Mexican nationality (OR, 2.29; P < .05) were significant predictors of treatment discontinuation, but sex and cardiac progression at baseline were not. Patients who did not complete treatment experienced nearly 3 times more AEs per 30-day period (P = .05). Conclusions. Nifurtimox produces frequent side effects, but the majority are mild and can be managed with dose reduction and/or temporary suspension of medication. The high frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and weight loss mirrors results from prior investigations. Special attention should be paid during the early stages of treatment to potentially severe symptoms including depression, rash, and anxiety.
Theory of high-Tc superconductivity in oxides.

Interpretation des proprietes des oxydes supraconducteurs a Tc elevee par un modele comportant les trous dans les etats O(2p) comme porteurs de charge, l'appariement etant realise par l'intermediaire d'un couplage fort aux configurations de spin locales sur les sites Cu
The evolution of treatment guidelines for diabetic nephropathy

PREVIEW In recent years, new drug development and late-breaking research data have put treatment guidelines for diabetic nephropathy in a state of flux. In particular, trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), coupled with enhanced understanding of the renin-angiotensin pathway, have influenced recommendations for patient care. Here, Dr Bakris highlights both the steadfast features and the recent refinements of treatment guidelines for diabetic nephropathy. He describes their backing in research findings and outlines practical antihypertensive and renoprotective therapies to curtail risks of nephropathy and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.
Impact of Outbound Logistics in Purchase Decision of Small Electronic Home Appliance Traders in Chittagong

Outbound logistics focuses on the distribution to the point of sales, such as - collection, storage, and distribution systems etc. Marketers must understand – what the customer wants in terms of logistics and how it can create value to the customers? Based on this scenario, this study focuses on the fact that lack of understanding about the elements of outbound logistics is leading to lack of identifying it as value creation tool to impact the purchase decision in home appliances industry. In total around 490 home appliance traders is selected based on convenience from Chittagong city and interviewed based on a questionnaire in May 2016. Factor Analysis is used to identify the most relevant factors from 14 variables and then a regression analysis is used to show how each of those factors related to outbound logistics in small home appliance sector is impacting the purchase decision. The outcome is the trader’s purchase decision equation which a marketer can use to identify the elements of outbound logistics where he can focus more to strengthen his logistics channel.
Lifetime-Aware Cloud Data Centers: Models and Performance Evaluation

We present a model to evaluate the server lifetime in cloud data centers (DCs). In particular, when the server power level is decreased, the failure rate tends to be reduced as a consequence of the limited number of components powered on. However, the variation between the different power states triggers a failure rate increase. We therefore consider these two effects in a server lifetime model, subject to an energy-aware management policy. We then evaluate our model in a realistic case study. Our results show that the impact on the server lifetime is far from negligible. As a consequence, we argue that a lifetime-aware approach should be pursued to decide how and when to apply a power state change to a server.
Face Recognition Based on Two-Dimensional Heteroscedastic Discriminant Analysis

In this paper, a novel discriminant analysis named two-dimensional Heteroscedastic Discriminant Analysis (2DHDA) is presented for face recognition. In 2DHDA, small sample size problem (S3 problem) of Heteroscedastic Discriminant Analysis (HAD) is overcome. Firstly, the criterion of 2DHDA is defined according to that of 2DLDA. Secondly, criterion of 2DHDA, log and rearranging terms are taken, and then the optimal projection matrix is solved by gradient descent algorithm. Thirdly, face images are projected onto the optimal projection matrix, thus the 2DHDA features are extracted. Finally, Nearest Neighbor classifier is selected to perform face recognition. Experimental results show that higher recognition rate is obtained by way of 2DHDA compared with 2DLDA.
Endocrine Disruptors and Obesity: An Examination of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants in the NHANES 1999–2002 Data

Recent evidence suggests that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may cause perturbations in endogenous hormonal regulation that predispose to weight gain. Using data from NHANES (1999–2002), we investigated the association between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) via multiple linear regressions. Consistent interaction was found between gender, ln oxychlordane and ln p,p’ DDT. Also, we found an association between WC and ln oxychlordane and ln hpcdd in subjects with detectable levels of POPs, whereas an association between WC and ln p,p’ DDT was observed in all subjects. Furthermore, ln Ocdd showed an increase with higher WC and BMI, whereas, ln trans-nonachlor decreased with higher BMI. Hence, BMI and WC are associated with POPs levels, making the chemicals plausible contributors to the obesity epidemic.
Interaction of innovative small molecule drugs used for cancer therapy with drug transporters

Multiple new small molecules such as tyrosine kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and proteasome inhibitors have been approved in the last decade and are a considerable progress for cancer therapy. Drug transporters are important determinants of drug concentrations in the systemic circulation. Moreover, expression of drug transporters in blood–tissue barriers (e.g. blood–brain barrier) can limit access of small molecules to the tumour (e.g. brain tumour). Finally, transporter expression and (up)regulation in the tumour itself is known to affect local drug concentrations in the tumour tissue contributing to multidrug resistance observed for multiple anticancer agents. This review summarizes the current knowledge on: (i) small molecules as substrates of uptake and efflux transporters; (ii) the impact of transporter deficiency in knockout mouse models on plasma and tissue concentrations; (iii) small molecules as inhibitors of uptake and efflux transporters with possible consequences for drug–drug interactions and the reversal of multidrug resistance; and (iv) on clinical studies investigating the association of polymorphisms in genes encoding drug transporters with pharmacokinetics, outcome and toxicity during treatment with the small molecules.
Modeling and design by hierarchical natural moves

We develop a unique algorithm implemented in the program MOSAICS (Methodologies for Optimization and Sampling in Computational Studies) that is capable of nanoscale modeling without compromising the resolution of interest. This is achieved by modeling with customizable hierarchical degrees of freedom, thereby circumventing major limitations of conventional molecular modeling. With the emergence of RNA-based nanotechnology, large RNAs in all-atom representation are used here to benchmark our algorithm. Our method locates all favorable structural states of a model RNA of significant complexity while improving sampling accuracy and increasing speed many fold over existing all-atom RNA modeling methods. We also modeled the effects of sequence mutations on the structural building blocks of tRNA-based nanotechnology. With its flexibility in choosing arbitrary degrees of freedom as well as in allowing different all-atom energy functions, MOSAICS is an ideal tool to model and design biomolecules of the nanoscale.
Analysis of a Bowtie Nanoantenna for the Enhancement of Spontaneous Emission

A 2-D metallic bowtie nanoantenna, consisting of two nearby metallic nanotriangles and containing a molecule within the gap, is studied for the enhancement of a single emitter's spontaneous emission. For simplicity, a transverse-magnetic model is used for simulation and a set of new surface integral equations is developed for the calculation. The process of spontaneous emission is simply divided into two stages: the first stage is the excitation of the emitter irradiated by an incident plane wave and the second is the emission of the excited emitter. For the latter, the excited emitter is modeled as an electric dipole to interact with the nanoantenna. The results show that a metallic bowtie nanoantenna behaves as a nanolens as well as a polarizer to provide a strong local electric field with a polarization parallel to the axis of the bowtie in the gap for the emitter's excitation, and its quantum yield exhibits a function of a low-pass filter as well as an orientizer for the emitter's emission.
Probabilistic timing analysis on conventional cache designs

Probabilistic timing analysis (PTA), a promising alternative to traditional worst-case execution time (WCET) analyses, enables pairing time bounds (named probabilistic WCET or pWCET) with an exceedance probability (e.g., 10−16), resulting in far tighter bounds than conventional analyses. However, the applicability of PTA has been limited because of its dependence on relatively exotic hardware: fully-associative caches using random replacement. This paper extends the applicability of PTA to conventional cache designs via a software-only approach. We show that, by using a combination of compiler techniques and runtime system support to randomise the memory layout of both code and data, conventional caches behave as fully-associative ones with random replacement.