Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy after early pregnancy loss: A prospective study of anxiety, depressive symptomatology and coping

Miscarriages can have lasting psychological effects on those concerned. In a prospective longitudinal study, 342 women were questioned about the way in which they coped after an early miscarriage (up to the 16th week of gestation), a few weeks after the pregnancy loss. There are data available from the first trimester of a subsequent pregnancy for 108 of these women. Standardized symptom scales were used to explore the pregnancy-specific anxiety, state and trait anxiety (STAI) and depressive symptoms in pregnant women and these were compared with the symptoms of 69 pregnant women with no history of miscarriages. Women with a history of miscarriages suffer more from pregnancy-specific anxieties in the first trimester of a new pregnancy than pregnant women with no history of miscarriages. Patterns of “depressive coping” and “anxious grieving” after the losses are predictive of more marked anxiety and depression symptoms in the first trimester of a subsequent pregnancy. These results suggest that women who have had an early miscarriage are particularly at risk of disturbances in their psychological adaptation in a new pregnancy. It is possible to determine risk factors which can be used to recognize those women who are particularly at risk directly after the miscarriage.
Characteristics of mobile MOSFET dosimetry system for megavoltage photon beams

The characteristics of a mobile metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (mobile MOSFET) detector for standard bias were investigated for megavoltage photon beams. This study was performed with a brass alloy build-up cap for three energies namely Co-60, 6 and 15 MV photon beams. The MOSFETs were calibrated and the performance characteristics were analyzed with respect to dose rate dependence, energy dependence, field size dependence, linearity, build-up factor, and angular dependence for all the three energies. A linear dose-response curve was noted for Co-60, 6 MV, and 15 MV photons. The calibration factors were found to be 1.03, 1, and 0.79 cGy/mV for Co-60, 6 MV, and 15 MV photon energies, respectively. The calibration graph has been obtained to the dose up to 600 cGy, and the dose-response curve was found to be linear. The MOSFETs were found to be energy independent both for measurements performed at depth as well as on the surface with build-up. However, field size dependence was also analyzed for variable field sizes and found to be field size independent. Angular dependence was analyzed by keeping the MOSFET dosimeter in parallel and perpendicular orientation to the angle of incidence of the radiation with and without build-up on the surface of the phantom. The maximum variation for the three energies was found to be within ± 2% for the gantry angles 90° and 270°, the deviations without the build-up for the same gantry angles were found to be 6%, 25%, and 60%, respectively. The MOSFET response was found to be independent of dose rate for all three energies. The dosimetric characteristics of the MOSFET detector make it a suitable in vivo dosimeter for megavoltage photon beams.
Adopt a new philosophy: the TQM challenge

The popular management literature extols the benefits of total quality management (TQM) as a panacea for the productivity problems associated with traditional management. Powerful statements on the value of quality as a competitive weapon have been advanced, attributing a multitude of benefits to the approach, including increased efficiency and productivity, increased worker commitment and performance, and improved customer satisfaction. However, barriers to the success of TQM have been less frequently addressed. Implicit assumptions about the efficacy of worker participation in facilitating the total quality agenda are evident in the promotion of employee participation as the ‘management’ dimension of TQM. A body of literature in the behavioural science field has contributed empirical evidence that suggests that the consequences of employee participation in decision-making may vary. In fact, under certain circumstances, worker participation may actually be dysfunctional to the organization that uses it.
The Finnish Cancer Registry as Follow-Up Source of a Large Trial Cohort

We evaluated the accuracy and time to reporting of cancer diagnoses obtained through the Finnish Cancer Registry (FCR) for the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study in 1985-1997. In the ATBC Study suspect neoplasms were centrally reviewed through medical records and pathology specimens. The FCR data were compared against the reviewed data for 3600 cancers of eight sites. For most sites, 95% of the cases were reported to the FCR within 0.9 years with longer delays for lung and pancreatic cancers. Ninety-six percent of all FCR cases received the same primary site diagnosis in the ATBC review, and in 1.4% no malignancy was found. Conversely, 97% of cancers ascertained in the ATBC review had the same primary site in the FCR and 0.8% were unknown to the R egistry. The accuracy of the FCR data is high but the delay in case notification should be considered in epidemiological studies.
Addressing Forest Management Challenges by Refining Tree Cover Type Classification with Machine Learning Models

The goals of this paper were twofold: to continue and refine previous research in the topic of tree cover type classification by harnessing modern machine learning models, and to extend the conclusions of that work to demonstrate that results gained from such models can be used to assist U.S. land management agencies in current challenges they face. Using the same dataset as the past study, an artificial neural network was constructed and compared with three baseline traditional machine learning models: Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, and K-Nearest Neighbor. The artificial neural network achieved 97.01% ac-curacy while the best-performing traditional classifier, K-Nearest Neighbor, managed 74.61%. This mirrored the earlier results, but with higher overall accuracy on both counts. Specifically, the neural network performed 26.43% better than before, showing not only advances in machine learning algorithms over the past 18 years, but also that accuracy is now high enough to apply practically to land management issues where natural resource inventory is time-consuming and expensive.
Yoga in the Management of Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Although individuals with these conditions have been reported to benefit from yoga, its effectiveness remains unclear. Objective:To perform a systematic review of the effectiveness of yoga on exercise capacity, health related quality of life (HRQL), and psychological well-being for individuals with chronic disease and describe the structure and delivery of programs. Research Design:We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining yoga programs for individuals with heart disease, stroke, and COPD compared with usual care. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.3. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42014014589). Results:Ten studies (431 individuals, mean age 56±8 y) were included and were comparable in their design and components, irrespective of the chronic disease. The standardized mean difference for the mean change in exercise capacity was 2.69 (95% confidence interval, 1.39–3.99) and for HRQL it was 1.24 (95% confidence interval, −0.37 to 2.85). Symptoms of anxiety were reduced after yoga in individuals with stroke, although this was not observed in individuals with COPD. The effect of yoga on symptoms of depression varied across studies with no significant effects compared with usual care. Conclusions:Yoga programs have similar designs and components across chronic disease populations. Compared with usual care, yoga resulted in significant improvements in exercise capacity and a mean improvement in HRQL. Yoga programs may be a useful adjunct to formal rehabilitation programs.
High-performance differential capacitive mems sensor readout with relaxation oscillator front-end and phase locked loop time-to-digital converter back-end

Digital oriented front-end and signal processing interface for capacitive MEMS sensor is an attractive alternative to the conventional analog intensive design. The main challenge comes from improving the noise performance of digitally oriented front-end which will dictate the performance of the entire system. We are proposing a new interface that uses an RC relaxation oscillator front-end as a capacitance to duty cycle converter, followed by a phase locked loop time-to-digital converter which provides fine/coarse resolution digital output. Utilizing the RC relaxation oscillator output as the input reference to the phase locked loop, the time-to-digital conversion becomes synchronized with the front-end thus significantly improves the overall system noise performance. From measurement, our design has a flat output noise density profile of −103 dBFS with an Allan Deviation floor of −104 dBFS, non-linearity of ≤0.35 %FS across a wide bandwidth of 0.5 MHz. Our design can be used directly as an interface for any differential capacitive MEMS sensor to achieve high-performance sensing with direct digital output.
The Solipsism of Daily Experience and the Unequal Body: The Social Construction of Ableness

v Introduction 1 Gonzo Sociology—A Note on Style 3 Able-bodied Solipsism: An Introduction 5 A History of Social Thought Regarding Disability 9 Structural-Functionalist Perspectives 9 Interpretative or Hermeneutical models 10 The Current Binary of Disability Studies 11 The Medical Model 11 The Social Model 11 Reconciling the Impediment to Social Action 12 Unequal Bodies 14 Intersectionality Theory 14 Poststructuralism 16 The Social Construction of the Normal Body 18 Performativity 18 Performance 20 “Doing Ability” 22 The Science of Human-Factors Engineering 23 History of Human-Factors Engineering 24 Human Factors as Discourse 27 Able-bodied Solipsism and the Absence Hypothesis 32 The Absence Hypothesis 32 Technology as an Elaboration of Human Performance 33 Technology and the Disappearance of the Body 34 Able Body Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack 37 On Othering the Disabled 39
Compartmentalization increases food-web persistence

It has recently been noted that empirical food webs are significantly compartmentalized; that is, subsets of species exist that interact more frequently among themselves than with other species in the community. Although the dynamic implications of compartmentalization have been debated for at least four decades, a general answer has remained elusive. Here, we unambiguously demonstrate that compartmentalization acts to increase the persistence of multitrophic food webs. We then identify the mechanisms behind this result. Compartments in food webs act directly to buffer the propagation of extinctions throughout the community and augment the long-term persistence of its constituent species. This contribution to persistence is greater the more complex the food web, which helps to reconcile the simultaneous complexity and stability of natural communities.
Socioeconomic Status and Social Support

Low socioeconomic status (SES) during childhood confers risk for adverse health in adulthood. Accumulating evidence suggests that this may be due, in part, to the association between lower childhood SES and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Drawing from literature showing that low childhood SES predicts exaggerated physiological reactivity to stressors and that lower SES is associated with a more communal, socially attuned orientation, we hypothesized that inflammatory reactivity would be more greatly affected by cues of social support among individuals whose childhood SES was low than among those whose childhood SES was high. In two studies, we found that individuals with lower subjective childhood SES exhibited greater reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokine reactivity to a stressor in the presence of a supportive figure (relative to conditions with an unsupportive or neutral figure). These effects were independent of current SES. This work helps illuminate SES-based differences in inflammatory reactivity to stressors, particularly among individuals whose childhood SES was low.
Validating Party Policy Placements

Textual analyses of party and government programmes open up exciting possibilities for the investigation of policy and operationalization of theory. This Note focuses on the validity of the resulting estimates, particularly of the massive policy time-series assembled by the Manifesto Research Group (MRG) of the European Consortium. These are important not only for the policy measurements they provide for fifty post-war democracies, but also from the point of view of validating other codings of texts, especially those deriving from computerized analyses. No other validating standard is available for any but a handful of post-war elections – certainly none other that so unambiguously measures policy preferences as opposed to actual party behaviour and which itself has been so well established by extensive use. Ian Budge, David Robertson and D. J. Hearl, eds., Ideology, Strategy and Party Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987). Data-collection continues under the direction of H-D. Klingemann and Andrea Volkens of the Wissenschaftzentrum Berlin under the title of the Comparative Manifestos Project (CMP) and now covers fifty countries.
The Political Economy of Civil Conflict in Nepal

Nepal, the poorest country in South Asia with a high incidence of income poverty and markedly low levels of human development, has experienced violent civil conflict over the past 7 years. The “People's war” launched by Maoist guerrillas against the state has led to widespread loss of lives and livelihoods and has had serious negative effects on the country's development prospects. This paper examines the economic causes of the civil conflict in Nepal. We show that relative deprivation and related economic grievances are key causal factors of the conflict. However, our analysis also goes beyond demonstrating the links between economic deprivation and conflict and attempts to locate the conflict within the political economy of the country. We, therefore, show deprivation and conflict to have been the outcome of an uneven process of development that led to the social and economic exclusion of large segments of the population. Given that the conflict in Nepal began during a period of economic liberalization, we also examine the links between economic reform and conflict and argue that reform is likely to have had some negative distributional effects that may have intensified the conditions for violent insurrection against the state.
An integrated navigation systems for underwater vehicles based on inertial sensors and pseudo LBL acoustic transponders

This paper presents an integrated underwater navigation system for underwater vehicles using inertial sensors and range sonar. We supposes that two acoustic transponders, called pseudo long baseline (LBL) system, are installed at two reference stations on sea bottom or below surface and/or ice. The navigation system is based on a strap-down inertial measurement unit (SD-IMU) mounted on an underwater vehicle and assisted with auxiliary navigation sensors, such as Doppler velocity log (DVL), depth, and heading sensors. Range measurement transducers are additional auxiliary navigation sensors. Using the two range measurements, the proposed navigation system will be able to improve the performance of conventional IMU-DVL navigation systems for long-time operation of underwater vehicles, and useful even without DVL information. An extended Kalman filter was adopted to propagate the error covariance, to update the measurement errors, and to correct the state equation when the external measurements are available. Simulations were conducted with the 6-d.o. f. nonlinear numerical model of an AUV in lawn-mowing survey mode under current flow condition. Navigation performance is surveyed for the cases when the bottom reflected DVL information is unavailable. Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the integrated navigation system assisted by the additional range measurements and robustness on initial position error.
Adaptive control of actuator lifetime

The harder an actuator is pushed to its performance limits, the shorter its lifetime becomes. Existing actuator controllers are typically designed to optimize performance and robustness, without considering the operational lifetime of the actuator. However, it is often desirable to trade off performance for extended lifetime in order to reduce vehicle maintenance cost and improve vehicle safety and mission readiness. We present two adaptive control algorithms for managing the performance and lifetime of motors in electromechanical actuators. The first algorithm provides tracking control of a desired motor lifetime by adapting the motor performance level. The second algorithm provides adaptive trade-off between motor performance and lifetime based on vehicle mission needs. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of these control algorithms
Correlation between the properties of the lipid matrix and the degrees of integrity and cohesion in healthy human Stratum corneum

Abstract: The correlation between the degrees of integrity and cohesion in healthy human Stratum corneum (SC) and the properties of the SC lipid matrix could be examined non‐invasively in vivo using ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy and measurements of pH, conductance, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) taken in the course of tape‐stripping. The change of TEWL following the removal of a SC layer with a predefined thickness served as a measure for the SC integrity, and the amount of protein removed by predefined number of tapes – as a measure for the SC cohesion. The extent of lipids organized in orthorhombic lattices and the pH in the inner SC emerged as the main factors that determine the degree of integrity. The amounts and molecular organization of the SC lipids did not correlate with the degree of cohesion, while the pH and the hydration of SC correlated well with the degree of cohesion in the superficial but not in the inner SC layers. This study evidenced the variability of SC integrity and cohesion existing in healthy human skin, demonstrated the importance of the lipid molecular organization for the SC integrity, and illustrated the limitations in the determination the degree of corneodesmolysis in SC based only on the protein content of tape‐strips.
Segmenting the younger Korean tourism market: the attractiveness of Australia as a holiday destination.

Abstract The Republic of Korea has emerged one of the major tourist generating countries in this decade and Australia has become one of the fastest growing outbound tourism destinations for Koreans. This study examined the feasibility of segmenting the younger Korean market on the basis of destination attractiveness attributes of Australia as a holiday destination. By the combination of the factor and cluster analysis approaches, three segments of the Korean student market were identified: cultural and ecotourism seekers, activity and variety seekers, and tourist resort stylists. Cluster analysis was confirmed with chi-square and analysis of variance using a number of external variables.
Understanding of Coupled Terrestrial Carbon, Nitrogen and Water Dynamics—An Overview

Coupled terrestrial carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and hydrological processes play a crucial role in the climate system, providing both positive and negative feedbacks to climate change. In this review we summarize published research results to gain an increased understanding of the dynamics between vegetation and atmosphere processes. A variety of methods, including monitoring (e.g., eddy covariance flux tower, remote sensing, etc.) and modeling (i.e., ecosystem, hydrology and atmospheric inversion modeling) the terrestrial carbon and water budgeting, are evaluated and compared. We highlight two major research areas where additional research could be focused: (i) Conceptually, the hydrological and biogeochemical processes are closely linked, however, the coupling processes between terrestrial C, N and hydrological processes are far from well understood; and (ii) there are significant uncertainties in estimates of the components of the C balance, especially at landscape and regional scales. To address these two questions, a synthetic research framework is needed which includes both bottom-up and top-down approaches integrating scalable (footprint and ecosystem) models and a spatially nested hierarchy of observations which include multispectral remote sensing, inventories, existing regional clusters of eddy-covariance flux towers and CO2 mixing ratio towers and chambers.
HERMIT: Mechanized Reasoning during Compilation in the Glasgow Haskell Compiler

It is difficult to write programs which are both correct and fast. A promising approach, functional programming, is based on the idea of using pure, mathematical functions to construct programs. With effort, it is possible to establish a connection between a specification written in a functional language, which has been proven correct, and a fast implementation, via program transformation. When practiced in the functional programming community, this style of reasoning is still typically performed by hand, by either modifying the source code or using pen-and-paper. Unfortunately, performing such semi-formal reasoning by directly modifying the source code often obfuscates the program, and pen-and-paper reasoning becomes outdated as the program changes over time. Even so, this semi-formal reasoning prevails because formal reasoning is time-consuming, and requires considerable expertise. Formal reasoning tools often only work for a subset of the target language, or require programs to be implemented in a custom language for reasoning. This dissertation investigates a solution, called HERMIT, which mechanizes reasoning during compilation. HERMIT can be used to prove properties about programs written in the Haskell functional programming language, or transform them to improve their performance. Reasoning in HERMIT proceeds in a style familiar to practitioners of pen-and-paper reasoning, and mechanization allows these techniques to be applied to real-world programs with greater confidence. HERMIT can also re-check recorded reasoning steps on subsequent compilations, enforcing a connection with the program as the program is developed. HERMIT is the first system capable of directly reasoning about the full Haskell language. The design and implementation of HERMIT, motivated both by typical reasoning tasks and HERMIT’s place in the Haskell ecosystem, is presented in detail. Three case studies investigate HERMIT’s capability to reason in practice. These case studies demonstrate that semi-formal reasoning with HERMIT lowers the barrier to writing programs which are both correct and fast.