Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 38 TO 44 GHZ SUB-HARMONIC BALANCED HBT MIXER WITH INTEGRATED MINIATURE SPIRAL TYPE MARCHAND BALUN

This work presents an active balanced sub-harmonic mixer (SHM) using InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor technology (DHBT) for Q-band applications. A miniature spiral type Marchand balun with five added capacitances for improved control of amplitude and phase balance is integrated with the SHM. The measured results for the SHM demonstrates a conversion gain of 1.2 dB at an RF frequency of 41 GHz with an associated LO power of 5 dBm. The conversion loss remains better than 3 dB from 38 to 44 GHz. The LO to IF isolation is better than 42 dB within the bandwidth of the mixer and confirms the excellent balance of the integrated spiral type Marchand balun. The DC power consumption of the SHM is only 22.5mW under normal mixer operation.
Cities around the world are upgrading their railway services . Railway Systems for Smart City Development

recognized as a core element of urban development. They play an increasingly important role in alleviating problems such as road congestion and air pollution and new plans for high-speed intercity railway links are being initiated around the world. Progress is also being made on incorporating advanced information systems into stations and other parts of the railway network as a core aspect of the creation of “smart cities” that take advantage of IT. Hitachi has been producing products such as rolling stock, electric power systems, train operation management systems, and passenger reservation systems since the 1920s. In addition to contributing to fields such as urban transportation and high-speed railways in its role as a total railway system integrator, Hitachi is also working actively to improve railway services based on this technology. “ecute Shinagawa” Retail Outlet at JR Shinagawa Station
Src Is the Kinase of the Helicobacter pylori CagA Protein in Vitro and in Vivo *

The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori uses a type IV secretion system to inject the bacterial CagA protein into gastric epithelial cells. Within the host cell, CagA becomes phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and initiates cytoskeletal rearrangements. We demonstrate here that Src-like protein-tyrosine kinases mediate CagA phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. First, the Src-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 specifically blocks CagA phosphorylation and cytoskeletal rearrangements thereby inhibiting the CagA-induced hummingbird phenotype of gastric epithelial cells. Second, CagA is in vivo phosphorylated by transiently expressed c-Src. Third, recombinant c-Src and lysates derived from c-Src-expressing fibroblasts but not lysates derived from Src-, Yes-, and Fyn-deficient cells phosphorylated CagA in vitro. Fourth, a transfected CagA-GFP fusion protein is phosphorylated in vivo in Src-positive fibroblasts but not in Src-, Yes-, and Fyn-deficient cells. Because a CagA-GFP fusion protein mutated in an EPIYA motif is not efficiently phosphorylated in any of these fibroblast cells, the CagA EPIYA motif appears to constitute the major c-Src phosphorylation site conserved among CagA-positiveHelicobacter strains.
Relaxed memory models: an operational approach

Memory models define an interface between programs written in some language and their implementation, determining which behaviour the memory (and thus a program) is allowed to have in a given model. A minimal guarantee memory models should provide to the programmer is that well-synchronized, that is, data-race free code has a standard semantics. Traditionally, memory models are defined axiomatically, setting constraints on the order in which memory operations are allowed to occur, and the programming language semantics is implicit as determining some of these constraints. In this work we propose a new approach to formalizing a memory model in which the model itself is part of a weak operational semantics for a (possibly concurrent) programming language. We formalize in this way a model that allows write operations to the store to be buffered. This enables us to derive the ordering constraints from the weak semantics of programs, and to prove, at the programming language level, that the weak semantics implements the usual interleaving semantics for data-race free programs, hence in particular that it implements the usual semantics for sequential code.
Embryological Aspects of Oocyte In Vitro Maturation

In Vitro Maturation (IVM) is a method that immature oocytes in antral follicles are extracted and matured in laboratry conditions. This review has attempted to provide the current knowledge and recent findings in in vitro maturation of oocytes and highlights the most important factors involved in this process. The review is based on literature reports and the author’s experience. In IVM cycles, the time of administration of hCG is depending on the diameter of the largest follicle that has been determined to be about 10-12 mm to prevent the detrimental effect of dominant follicle (DF). Higher number of in vivo matured oocytes with dispersed cumulus cells (CC) pattern can be achieved by increasing the time of hCG injection up to 38 h. Growing of oocytes during the final hours of in vitro maturation has profound effect on the following outcome. Injection of IVM oocytes must be delayed at least 1 h after extrusion of the first polar body. IVM outcome shows that the pregnancy rate is low in pure immature oocytes except PCO(s) (Polycystic ovaries and Polycystic ovarian syndrome) cases. Furthermore, endometrial quality may have a crucial role in this respect after non hCG-triggered IVM. The formulation of different types of maturation media shows that they are generally supplemented with recombinant FSH and hCG. Taurine and calcium as unique components of blastocyst medium have been supposed to be valuable to IVM media. Pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) have been proposed as additives for maturation media. IVM is not a suitable treatment for women over 40 years. Different categories of patients could be candidate for IVM. Despite of old concept in low outcome and caution in IVM indications, innovative findings in this field have opened new windows in the treatment of patients.
Characterizing classes

Class characterization is a key step of object design. It serves two purposes: to clarify at a glance some important aspects of a class's expected behavior and to communicate its design intent to others. Depending on the type of systems we design and build, we naturally find certain characterizations to be more compelling than others. Recognizing and choosing effective characterizations is an essential skill that all class designers should master. In this column, the author introduces several characteristics to classes when trying to understand their nature and purpose.
A Perspective on WAMS Analysis Tools for Tracking of Oscillatory Dynamics

Over roughly the past two decades, an architecture has evolved for using wide area measurement systems to monitor power-system oscillatory dynamics. This includes, but is not limited to, the use of phasor measurement units and advanced signal processing algorithms. Today, this architecture is further evolving toward real-time operation applications. This paper provides a perspective upon these analysis approaches, and defines and clarifies analysis operations, interactions, and application conditions. An overview of WAMS analysis approaches is given along with several examples from the western North American power system.
Determination of Phase Noise Spectra in Optoelectronic Microwave Oscillators: A Langevin Approach

We introduce a stochastic model for the determination of phase noise in optoelectronic oscillators. After a short overview of the main results for the phase diffusion approach in autonomous oscillators, an extension is proposed for the case of optoelectronic oscillators where the microwave is a limit-cycle originated from a bifurcation induced by nonlinearity and time-delay. This Langevin approach based on stochastic calculus is also successfully confronted with experimental measurements.
Color scales for image data

Desirable properties of color scales are examined, and a linearized optimal color scale (LOCS) is introduced. The merits of color scales for medical image data were studied, and it was found that, in tests, although observers performed somewhat better with the newly developed LOCS than with the previously advocated heated-object color scale, they performed significantly better with a linearized gray scale than with either of the color scales. After evaluating these results, the authors suggest alternate solutions that might help observers perform better. Nonetheless, they believe that color scales can contribute to the perception of information in images. <<ETX>>
Alterations in neurofilament mRNA in hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy.

BACKGROUND Hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy (HCSMA) is a dominantly inherited motor neuron disease in which distal axonal caliber is reduced in lower motor neurons. Because several animal models show that neurofilament protein gene expression is a major determinant of axonal caliber, we began an examination of neurofilament gene expression in HCSMA early in the clinical disease to determine whether this family of proteins was selectively affected and could thus possibly contribute to the morphologic and functional alterations characteristic of the disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used quantitative in situ hybridization to compare levels of mRNA encoding neurofilament protein subunits in lateral ventral horn neurons from the cervical spinal cord enlargement (C7-C8) in 10-week-old homozygous HCSMA and control dogs. Each slide contained a spinal cord section from a control and an HCSMA dog in order to make within-slide comparisons. The mean number of grains/neuron and the mean neuronal grain density for the HCSMA section were divided by that value for the control section on each slide. The means of these ratios for each mRNA species (i.e., neurofilament subunits and total polyadenylated mRNA (poly-A+) were then compared statistically. RESULTS The levels of mRNA encoding the low molecular weight neurofilament protein subunit were significantly different from levels of mRNA encoding the high molecular weight neurofilament protein subunit and poly-A+ mRNA in dogs with HCSMA compared with control dogs. The neuronal levels of poly-A+ mRNA were comparable in dogs with HCSMA and controls. CONCLUSIONS If neurofilament protein subunit levels are found to follow the mRNA levels in this animal model, our results would suggest that decreased expression of the low molecular weight neurofilament gene is sufficient to inhibit neurofilament function, i.e., maintenance of axonal caliber, probably by disrupting normal neurofilament assembly.
Selected Topics in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Pathogenesis

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in Western countries mainly affecting individuals older than 50 years. It follows an extremely variable course, with survival ranging from months to decades. Available treatments often induce remissions, though almost all patients relapse and CLL remains an incurable disease [1]. However, recent advances in molecular biology have enabled us to better understand the disease physiopathology and together with the development of new therapeutic agents have made the management of the disease more rational and more effective.
An application of natural language processing to domain modelling: two case studies

This paper describes an approach for analysis of natural language requirements documents and two case studies conducted to prove the feasibility of the approach. The goal of the analysis is to define a common language understood both by the domain expert and the software engineer. To define such a common language, it is necessary to extract terms from the text written by domain expert. The extracted terms must be classified to build a taxonomy. This taxonomy is augmented by associations between terms to build a domain ontology. The paper introduces two case studies that illustrate feasibility of the approach. The first case study was conducted to test the approach itself and showed that the approach works, but certain interaction with human analyst is necessary. The second case study showed that this interaction does not consume too much time so that the approach scales to larger documents.
A proof-based approach to verifying reachability properties

This paper presents a formal approach to proving temporal reachability properties, expressed in CTL, on B systems. We are particularly interested in demonstrating that a system can reach a given state by executing a sequence of actions (or operation calls) called a path. Starting with a path, the proposed approach consists in calculating the proof obligations to discharge in order to prove that the path allows the system to evolve in order to verify the desired property. Since these proof obligations are expressed as first logic formulas without any temporal operator, they can be discharged using the prover of AtelierB. Our proposal is illustrated through a case study.
Climate-mediated mechanical changes to post-disturbance coral assemblages

Increasingly severe storms and weaker carbonate materials associated with more acidic oceans will increase the vulnerability of reef corals to mechanical damage. Mechanistic predictions based on measurements of colony mechanical vulnerability and future climate scenarios demonstrate dramatic shifts in assemblage structure following hydrodynamic disturbances, including switches in species' dominance on the reef and thus potential for post-disturbance recovery. Larger colonies are more resistant to factors such as disease and competition for space, and complex morphologies support more associated reef species. Future reefs are thus expected to have lower colony abundances and be dominated by small and morphologically simple, yet mechanically robust species, which will in turn support lower levels of whole-reef biodiversity than do present-day reefs.
Graph-Based Methods in Computer Vision: Developments and Applications

Skeletonis well-known to be superior to contour-based representation when shapes have large nonlinear variability, especially articulation. However, approaches to shape similarity based on skeletons suffer from the instability of skeletons, and matching of skeleton graphs is still an open problem. To deal with this problem for shape retrieval, the authors first propose to match skeleton graphs by comparing the geodesic paths between skeleton endpoints. In contrast to typical tree or graph matching methods, they do not explicitly consider the topological graph structure. Their approach is motivated by the fact that visually similar skeleton graphs may have completely different topological structures, while the paths between their end nodes still remain similar. The proposed comparison of geodesic paths between endpoints of skeleton graphs yields correct matching results in such cases. The experimental results demonstrate that the method is able to produce correct results in the presence of articulations, stretching, and contour deformations. The authors also utilize the geodesic skeleton paths for shape classification. Similar to shape retrieval, direct graph matching algorithms like graph edit distance have great difficulties with the instability of the skeleton graph structure. In contrast, the representation based on skeleton paths remains stable. Therefore, a simple Bayesian classifier is able to obtain excellent shape classification results. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-1891-6.ch010
Carbon Storage on Landscapes with Stand-replacing Fires

Abstract Many conifer forests experience stand-replacing wildfires, and these fires and subsequent recovery can change the amount of carbon released to the atmosphere because conifer forests contain large carbon stores. Stand-replacing fires switch ecosystems to being a net source of carbon as decomposition exceeds photosynthesis—a short-term effect (years to decades) that may be important over the next century if fire frequency increases. Over the long term (many centuries), net carbon storage through a fire cycle is zero if stands replace themselves. Therefore, equilibrium response of landscape carbon storage to changes in fire frequency will depend on how stand age distribution changes, on the carbon storage of different stand ages, and on postfire regeneration. In a case study of Yellowstone National Park, equilibrium values of landscape carbon storage were resistant to large changes in fire frequency because these forests regenerate quickly, the current fire interval is very long, the most rapid changes in carbon storage occur in the first century, and carbon storage is similar for stands of different ages. The conversion of forest to meadow or to sparser forest can have a large impact on landscape carbon storage, and this process is likely to be important for many conifer forests.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF CARBON MINERALIZATION FROM ACTIVE, SLOW AND PASSIVE POOLS OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER

The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of temperature on C mineralization from active, slow and passive pools of soil organic matter (SOM) in comparison to bulk soil. Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted at 15, 25, 35 and 45C temperature and field capacity moisture to study C mineralization from three isolated SOM fractions viz. >250 μm, 53-250 μm and <53 μm that respectively represent active, slow and passive pools of SOM. During 54 days of incubation at different temperatures, the highest amount of C (1196-13104 mg C kg) was mineralized from >250 μm SOM fraction, followed by 53-250 μm fraction (305-1955 mg C kg) and the lowest from <53 μm fraction (258-1263 mg C kg). The amount of C mineralized from bulk soil ranged between 249 and 1047 mg C kg at different temperatures. For a given SOM fraction and bulk soil C mineralization rate was highest at 45C and lowest at 15C. The C mineralization rates (mg C kg d) at different temperatures ranged between 72 and 375 for >250 μm fraction, 26-149 for 53-250 μm fraction, 9-105 for <53 μm fraction and 7-91 for bulk soil. Of the total organic C, 66 percent of C was mineralized in >250 μm fraction, 60 percent of C in 53-250 μm fraction, 10 percent of C <53 μm fraction and 14 percent from bulk soil. First order single compartment kinetic model provided good fit to all the data sets and yielded high coefficient of determination (R=0.864 to 0.999). Different SOM fractions differed significantly with respect to temperature sensitivity of decomposition. The Q10 values for decomposition of different SOM fractions ranged between 1.8 2.0 for >250 μm fraction, 1.6-1.8 for 53-250 μm fraction and 1.4-1.6 for <53 μm fraction. Bulk soil showed temperature sensitivity similar to <53 μm fraction with Q10 values ranging between 1.4 and 1.5 for different treatments. The higher Q10 values for SOM fraction >250 μm suggested that decomposition of labile fraction was affected to a greater extent by increase in temperature as compared to other stable fractions. Since the labile pool of SOM (>250 μm fraction) constituted only about 4-5 percent of the bulk soil organic matter, the results suggest that the effect of global warming on soil organic C content will probably be small.
Solitary wave solutions of nonlocal sine-Gordon equations.

In this paper a nonlocal generalization of the sine-Gordon equation, u(tt)+sin u=( partial differential / partial differential x) integral (- infinity ) (+ infinity )G(x-x('))u(x(') )(x('),t)dx(') is considered. We present a brief review of the applications of such equations and show that involving such a nonlocality can change features of the model. In particular, some solutions of the sine-Gordon model (for example, traveling 2pi-kink solutions) may disappear in the nonlocal model; furthermore, some new classes of solutions such as traveling topological solitons with topological charge greater than 1 may arise. We show that the lack of Lorenz invariancy of the equation under consideration can lead to a phenomenon of discretization of kink velocities. We discussed this phenomenon in detail for the special class of kernels G(xi)= summation operator (j=1) (N)kappa(j)e(-eta(j)mid R:ximid R:), eta(j)>0, j=1,2, em leader,N. We show that, generally speaking, in this case the velocities of kinks (i) are determined unambiguously by a type of kink and value(s) of kernel parameter(s); (ii) are isolated i.e., if c(*) is the velocity of a kink then there are no other kink solutions of the same type with velocity c in (c(*)- varepsilon,c(*)+ varepsilon ) for a certain value of varepsilon. We also used this special class of kernels to construct approximations for analytical and numerical study of the problem in a more general case. Finally, we set forth results of the numerical investigation of the problem with the kernel that is the McDonald function G(xi) approximately K(0)(mid R:ximid R:/lambda) (lambda is a parameter) that have applications in the Josephson junction theory. (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.
Sudden infant death syndrome: Association with a promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene

Serotonergic receptor binding in the arcuate nucleus, n. raphé obscurus, and other medullary regions is decreased in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases. Further, a variable tandem repeat sequence polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter protein (5‐HTT) gene has recently been associated with risk of SIDS in a Japanese cohort. This polymorphism differentially regulates 5‐HTT expression, with the long allele (L), the SIDS‐associated allele, being a more effective promoter than the short allele (S). We therefore investigated the 5‐HTT promoter polymorphism in a cohort of 87 SIDS cases (43 African American and 44 Caucasian) and gender/ethnicity‐matched controls. Significant positive associations were found between SIDS and the 5‐HTT genotype distribution (P = 0.022), specifically with the L/L genotype (P = 0.048), and between SIDS and the 5‐HTT L allele (P = 0.005). There was also a significant negative association between SIDS and the S/S genotype (P = 0.011). The comparisons were repeated in the African American and Caucasian subgroups. The data patterns were consistent in the subgroups, i.e., the L/L genotype and L allele were increased in the cases, but not all subgroup comparisons were statistically significant. These results indicate a relationship between SIDS and the L allele of the 5‐HTT gene in African Americans and Caucasians, and if confirmed, will provide an important tool for identifying at‐risk individuals and estimating the risk of recurrence. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FLICE is activated by association with the CD95 death‐inducing signaling complex (DISC)

Upon activation, the apoptosis‐inducing cell membrane receptor CD95 (APO‐1/Fas) recruits a set of intracellular signaling proteins (CAP1‐4) into a death‐inducing signaling complex (DISC). In the DISC, CAP1 and CAP2 represent FADD/MORT1. CAP4 was identified recently as an ICE‐like protease, FLICE, with two death effector domains (DED). Here we show that FLICE binds to FADD through its N‐terminal DED. This is an obligatory step in CD95 signaling detected in the DISC of all CD95‐sensitive cells tested. Upon prolonged triggering of CD95 with agonistic antibodies all cytosolic FLICE gets proteolytically activated. Physiological FLICE cleavage requires association with the DISC and occurs by a two‐step mechanism. Initial cleavage generates a p43 and a p12 fragment further processed to a p10 fragment. Subsequent cleavage of the receptor‐bound p43 results in formation of the prodomain p26 and the release of the active site‐containing fragment p18. Activation of FLICE is blocked by the peptide inhibitors zVAD‐fmk, zDEVD‐fmk and zIETD‐fmk, but not by crmA or Ac‐YVAD‐CHO. Taken together, our data indicate that FLICE is the first in a cascade of ICE‐like proteases activated by CD95 and that this activation requires a functional CD95 DISC.