Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of optical Tamm mode excitation using dielectric nanoparticles

In this manuscript, a dielectric nanoparticle-assisted excitation of optical Tamm mode (OTM) is proposed using a 1DPhotonic Crystal configuration. The structure comprises a bilayer photonic crystal structure having silicon nanoparticles placed at the top interface of the structure. The structural parameters and nanoparticle sizes are optimized to break the translational symmetry. The reflectance spectrum and field distribution map are analytically studied by the finite element method. The analytical results exhibit the excitation and confinement of OTM. The excited OTM modes show a strong dependency on the angle of incidence and the nanoparticle size. The obtained results exhibit that dielectric nanoparticles can be utilized as compact surface mode exciters and scatterers. This further facilitates the development of OTM devices for integrated photonic applications.
Changes in surface ozone in South Korea on diurnal to decadal timescales for the period of 2001–2021

Abstract. Several studies have reported an increasing trend of surface ozone in South Korea over the past few decades, using different measurement metrics. In this study, we examined the surface ozone trends in South Korea by analyzing the hourly or daily maximum 8 h average ozone concentrations (MDA8) measured at the surface from 2001 to 2021. We studied the diurnal, seasonal, and multi-decadal variations of these parameters at city, province, and background sites. We found that the fourth-highest MDA8 values exhibited positive trends in seven cities, nine provinces, and two background sites from 2001 to 2021. For the majority of sites, there was an annual increase of approximately 1–2 ppb. After early 2010, all sites consistently recorded MDA8 values exceeding 70 ppb, despite reductions in precursor pollutants such as NO2 and CO. The diurnal and seasonal characteristics of ozone exceedances, defined as the percentage of data points with hourly ozone concentrations exceeding 70 ppb, differed between the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) and the background sites. In the SMA, the exceedances were more prevalent during summer compared to spring, whereas the background sites experienced higher exceedances in spring than in summer. This indicates the efficient local production of ozone in the SMA during summer and the strong influence of long-range transport during spring. The rest of the sites showed similar exceedance patterns during both spring and summer. The peak exceedances occurred around 16:00–17:00 in the SMA and most locations, while the background sites primarily recorded exceedances throughout the night. During the spring of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021), ozone exceedances decreased at most locations, potentially due to significant reductions in NOx emissions in South Korea and China compared to the period of 2010–2019. The largest decreases in exceedances were observed at the background sites during spring. For instance, in Gosung, Gangwondo (approximately 600 m above sea level), the exceedances dropped from 30 % to around 5 % during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regional model simulations confirmed the concept of decreased ozone levels in the boundary layer in Seoul and Gangwon-do in response to emission reductions. However, these reductions in ozone exceedances were not observed in major cities and provinces during the summer of the COVID-19 pandemic, as the decreases in NOx emissions in South Korea and China were much smaller compared to spring. This study highlights the distinctions between spring and summer in the formation and transport of surface ozone in South Korea, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and modeling specific processes for each season or finer timescales.
Spatio‐temporal variability of dryness/wetness in the Danube River Basin

The present study focuses on the analysis of dryness/wetness conditions in the Danube River catchment area from 1901 to 2013 based on reanalysis data. The spatio‐temporal variability of dryness/wetness conditions is analyzed by means of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for an accumulation periods of 6 months. To characterize the spatial variability of SPI6 at monthly time scales, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was applied. The leading mode of SPI variability captures in‐phase variability of SPI over the entire catchment area of Danube River. The leading mode of dryness/wetness variability was found to be strongly related to the different phases of the Arctic Oscillation. The second and third modes of variability show a more regional character of the dryness/wetness variability over the Danube River catchment area. Based on a composite map analysis, between the time series corresponding to the first three leading modes of dryness/wetness variability and the geopotential height at 850 mb and precipitation totals, it is shown that dryness (wetness) conditions over the Danube catchment area are associated with an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation, transport of dry (humid) air towards the Danube catchment area and reduced (enhanced) number of rain days. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Sand Surface Plyometric and Sprint Training on Physical and Technical Skill Performance in Beach Handball Players

This study compared the effects of a 6-week combined plyometric and sprint-training program on the sand to regular preseason training, on the athletic performance and technical actions of beach handball (BH) players. Athletes were randomly assigned either to the control (CG, n = 12; BH training only) or the experimental group (EG, n = 12; plyometric + sprint + BH training). Assessments conducted before and after the training period included a squat jump, a countermovement jump, the Abalakov jump, a 15-m sprint, a modified Course-Navette endurance test, and four sport-specific BH throwing speed tests: a standing penalty throw, a 3-step running throw, a jump throw, and a 360º jump throw. The training intervention enhanced all athletic performance measures (all, p < 0.05). In contrast, the only improvement in the CG included endurance performance (p< 0.05). Significant time-group differences were noted in favor of the EG compared to the CG (p< 0.05) in the squat jump, the countermovement jump, the Abalakov jump, the jump throw velocity and 360º jump throw velocity. In conclusion, compared to BH regular training, 6 weeks of sand surface preseason plyometric and sprint training combined with regular BH training induced greater improvements in athletic performance and specific skills in BH players.
The Reception of Holidays in Social Networks: A Case Study on Twitter

This study aims to push the boundaries of research in practical theology by applying methods from computational social science to identify the reception of holidays in online social networks in German tweets. Can we identify how people talk about holidays and especially Christian holidays on Twitter? As a subquestion, we try to find relevant information for interreligious topics, especially between Christians and Jews: Can we see how Christian holidays are related to or embedded in their Jewish counterparts? Is there an awareness of the Jewish roots of certain Christian holidays? While there is a growing awareness of these issues, there are still a number of unanswered questions. In addition to analysing and discussing these questions, we will also discuss methodological issues. First, we will discuss how computational methods fit in with common research in practical theology. Secondly, we will discuss the challenges of working with digital data beyond quantitative and qualitative research.
Abbreviation Disambiguation in Polish Press News Using Encoder-Decoder Models

The disambiguation of abbreviations and acronyms is a longstanding problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that has garnered significant attention from researchers. Previous approaches have employed statistical methods, semantic similarity metrics, and machine learning algorithms. Various languages and document types have been explored, with English being the most commonly studied language. Recent advances have been driven by the application of pre-trained transformer models. Standardization and addressing the challenges of multilingual and multi-document type disambiguation remain ongoing goals in the field of NLP. This paper presents an in-depth exploration of abbreviation disambiguation using state-of-the-art neural Encoder-Decoder models, specifically the ByT5 and plT5 architectures. Advanced synthetic data generation techniques are introduced and their effect on model performance is analysed. The methods are evaluated in the context of the PolEval abbreviation disambiguation competition, where the authors achieve top ranking.
Monitoring land subsidence by PS-DInSAR and SBAS methods in Tianjin City

Because of groundwater over-exploitation, the land subsidence of Tianjin city has become more and more serious. Some researchers tried to use D-InSAR technique to monitor the subsidence of this area. However, D-InSAR has some problems such as space and time baseline decorrelation and atmospheric influence. In order to obtain long time series land deformation with high accuracy, SAR image set to monitor land subsidence has become a research focus. PSDInSAR (Persistent Scatterers-DInSAR) and SBAS (Small Baseline Sets) are two classical methods to monitor land subsidence by SAR images. The former chooses one image as the master and the latter chooses several images as the masters according to the threshold of baselines. Using eighteen ERS images and SRTM DEM data the land subsidence of Tianjin city from 1992 to 1998 was obtained by two methods mentioned. 18906 and 42041 PS points were identified respectively by PS-DInSAR and SBAS. While, 16.4 mm/a and 24.2 mm/a of the mean maximal subsidence velocities were obtained respectively. Although they are different in values, the distributions and subsidence laws of points are nearly same.
Let's Estimate all Parameters as Probabilities: Precise Estimation Using Chebyshev's Inequality, Bernoulli Distribution, and Monte Carlo Simulations

Regarding the parameter estimation task, besides the time effectiveness of the simulation, parameter estimates are required to be precise enough. Usually, the estimates are Monte Carlo-simulated using a prior estimated variability within a small sample. However, the problem with pre-estimated variability is that it can be estimated imprecisely or, even worse, underestimated, resulting in estimation bias. In this work, we address the abovementioned issue and suggest estimating all parameters as probabilities. Since the probability is not only finite but has its theoretical maximum as 1, using outcomes of Bernoulli and binomial distribution's upper-bounded variance and Chebyshev's inequality, the estimator's variability is theoretically upper-bounded within the Monte Carlo simulation and estimation process. It cannot be underestimated or estimated inaccurately; thus, its precision is ensured till a given decimal digit, with very high probability. If there is a known process that treats the parameter of interest in terms of probability, we can estimate how many iterations of the Monte Carlo simulation are needed to ensure parameter estimate on a given level of precision. Also, we analyze the asymptotic time complexity of the proposed estimation strategy and illustrate the approach on a short case study of $\pi$ constant estimation.
Semisupervised Hyperspectral Image Classification Network Based on Pseudo-Label and Spatial–Spectral Convolution

The accuracy of hyperspectral image (HSI) classification relies on lots of labeled training samples. However, the existing HSI data can be used for training with extremely limited labeled samples. In this letter, we propose a semisupervised HSI classification network based on pseudo-label and spatial-spectral convolution (PS3DN), which can improve classification accuracy with limited labeled samples. First, we design an asymmetric dense residual network (ARDN), which uses asymmetric convolution kernels instead of square kernels to reduce the number of parameters. Then we use the Center-Focus loss function to update the network parameters, aiming to improve the robustness of the network. Further, we generate high-confidence pseudo-labels by this network, which reduces the need for labeled samples for the classification network. Finally, we propose a joint spatial-spectral convolutional (SSCNN) classification network, the fusion of spatial-spectral separation convolution and self-learning attention mechanism, to achieve more accurate classification. We conducted experiments on four public datasets, and the experimental results show that the classification accuracy of Pavia University (UP), Salinas (SA), Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and Indian Pines (IP) datasets is 92.45%, 96.91%, 98.38%, and 90.43%, respectively.
Pattern of Beach Erosion and Scour Depth along the Rosetta Promontory and their Effect on the Existing Protection Works, Nile Delta, Egypt

Abstract Beach profiles surveyed over a period of 18 y (1982 to 2000) at 41 sites were analyzed to assess beach changes, seabed scour, and grain sorting pattern fronting the 5 km long seawall built in 1991 to protect the Rosetta promontory from beach erosion, which had been retreating at a rate of −106 m/y. Although the seawall has succeeded in halting the recession, the shoreline shows adverse erosion at the leeside of the seawall ends (−14.4 m/y) associated with depth scour at a maximum of −0.50 m/y. The erosion along the promontory tip progressively decreases with longshore distance both to the east and to the southwest along the promontory flanks, reverting to accretion on both sides within the promontory saddles and yielding two nodal areas that represents zones where the sediment regime changes from erosion to deposition. Moreover, the seawalls have slightly altered the mean grain sizes of the beach sediment and seabed slope of the surf zone. The overall pattern of beach erosion and seabed scour results from wave refraction–induced longshore sediment transport along the promontory tip. The geographic correspondence between patterns of shoreline and seabed depth changes serve to refine boundaries of littoral subcells of the Rosetta promontory, including sediment paths, sources, sinks, nodal points, and zones of sediment transport convergence and divergence. The morphologic changes along this promontory reflect a combination of factors, including sediment availability, transport pathways from source areas, as well as the impact of protective structures at the Rosetta estuary.
Strong Adhesion and High Wettability at Polyetheretherketone-Resin/Titanium-Dioxide Interface Obtained with Crystal-Orientation Control

 Abstract — The adhesion strength and wettability at the interfaces between a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) have become more important because direct joining of PEEK resin and titanium (Ti), whose surface has usually the oxide (TiO 2 ), is needed not only in vehicles such as airplanes, automobiles, and space vehicles, but also in medical devices such as implants. To realize strong joint between the PEEK resin and TiO 2 , the dependence of the adhesion strength and wettability on crystal orientations of rutile TiO 2 were investigated by using molecular simulations. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted by combining quantum-mechanics equation of electrons with Newton’s equation of motion of nuclear coordinates (atomic coordinates). By putting a PEEK-resin sphere on a rutile TiO 2 surface and by heating the system to 650 K, the contact angles at the interfaces were calculated to evaluate the wettability. After the system is cooled to 300 K from 650 K, to evaluate the adhesin strength, the adhesive fracture energy is calculated as the difference between the energy of the PEEK-TiO 2 attached state and that of the PEEK-TiO 2 detached state. The results of the contact angles showed that PEEK resin on the TiO 2 (100) and that on the TiO 2 (001) surface has low wettability with large contact angles. On the other hand, PEEK resin on the TiO 2 (110) surface has high wettability with a small contact angle. The results of the adhesive fracture energies showed that the adhesion at the PEEK-resin/TiO 2 (100) and PEEK-resin/TiO 2 (001) interfaces are weak. On the other hand, the adhesion at the PEEK-resin/TiO 2 (110) interface is strong. To clarify the reason that the higher wettability and stronger adhesion are obtained at the PEEK/TiO 2 (110) interface than at the at the PEEK/TiO 2 (100) and PEEK/TiO 2 (001) interfaces, atomic configurations at the interfaces were visualized. The atomic configuration at the PEEK/TiO 2 (110) interface showed that the lattice-matched coherent interface is realized, and the atomic density is high. On the other hand, the atomic configuration at the PEEK/TiO 2 (001) interface showed the lattice-unmatched incoherent interface. The atomic configuration at the PEEK/TiO 2 (100) interface showed that the atomic density is very low although the lattice-matched interface is realized. Therefore, the lattice matching and the high atomic density at the PEEK/TiO 2 (001) interface are considered to be dominant factors in the high wettability and strong adhesion.
Epidemiology of Ankle Fracture in Mansoura University Emergency Hospital

Background : Common injuries include ankle fractures, which can happen as a result of low-intensity trauma in young people or a high-intensity trauma in elderly, weak patients. Both the patient and the treating surgeon must overcome considerable obstacles while management of fractures of ankle in diabetic patients. Objective : For determination of the epidemiology of ankle fractures regarding the overall incidence, incidence of each type, incidence of open fracture, incidence of diabetic patients and associated injuries. Patients and Methods : In this analytical retrospective analysis, 255 cases of ankle fractures (malleolar fractures) of any kind and patients older than 18 years were included. The patients underwent radiographic exams, including an ankle X-ray, a duplex ultrasound on the lower limb, and, if necessary, a CT or MRI. Results : The mean age was 37 years and male to female ratio was 55/45. Most of the studied cases were Closed Weber A1 (30%), followed by Closed Weber B2 (20%) and Closed Weber A2 (20%), then Open-Weber B3, Open-Weber B2 and Closed Weber B1, which represented 10% for each. diabetes mellitus and hypertension and smoking were recorded in 10%, 40% and 40% of cases respectively. Most of the studied cases (80%) were treated by operation, and only 20% of cases had cast management. Conclusion : The majority of ankle fractures occur in middle-aged people, with a higher frequency of men. Ankle twisting (FTG) is the most frequent type of injury, followed by road traffic accident (RTA). In making decisions for the patients under study, smoking history is a crucial factor.
Bat Guano Application Rate in Horticulture in Cambodia: An Experiment With Tomato

Bat guano is rich in carbon, nitrogen, essential minerals and beneficial microbes. It is considered as a potential organic fertilizer for plant growth and productivity. The aim of the study was to test the effect of varying amounts of bat guano on plant growth and productivity of tomato. The results showed that the growth and productivity increased significantly with the amounts of bat guano applied. With the amount of 0.5 or 1 t/ha was found to have the greatest impact compared to other treatment and control groups. The amount of 0.5 t/ha (or 35 g/plant) is an appreciate amount and recommended for tomato production.
Sleep and Experiences of Stress on College Campuses: Evaluating Effectiveness of a
 Sleep Wellness Workshop

Researchers suggest that college students experience especially elevated levels of stress and notoriously poor-quality sleep. To address this, many schools provide wellness workshops designed to increase awareness and educate students on topics such as healthy sleep habits, stress management tips, and ways to avoid burnout. While the aim of these workshops is to improve students’ well-being, are they successful, and are students experiencing a measurable benefit from attending? This study assesses whether a sleep-focused wellness workshop improved students’ sleep quality and reduced their perceived stress levels. To evaluate the effectiveness of these methods, we hosted a sleep-focused wellness workshop open to all registered students and measured pre- and post-workshop perceived stress, anxiety, and sleep quality. The online pre- and post-surveys contained forty-six questions, consisting of demographics, the Perceived Stress Scale, modified versions of Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, and the Sleep Quality Scale. We hypothesized that students who learn about better sleep habits by attending the sleep-focused wellness workshop would experience a reduction in their perceived stress and anxiety along with better overall sleep quality two weeks after participating. We hoped that the methods being taught were effective and that students effectively incorporated what they learned into their daily lives. This study found that attending a wellness workshop reduced students’ levels of perceived stress and anxiety but had no effect on sleep quality. These findings provide confirmation that student support initiatives are an effective way of helping students manage stress and anxiety in college, even when the intervention is limited to a one-hour virtual wellness workshop. Future research should assess if offering more robust interventions yields a greater positive effect on students’ well-being.
Glacier mapping: a review with special reference to the Indian Himalayas

This paper deals with the development of glacier mapping and glacier fluctuations since the mid-nineteenth century, with special reference to the Indian Himalayas, and the contributions of the Survey of India and the Geological Survey of India. In addition, it presents a review of the limitations and challenges relating to: the mapping of clean-ice and debris-covered glaciers; the comparison of different data sets; and the measurement of glacier volume changes based on multitemporal digital elevation models. Possible solutions are discussed, and the emerging areas of glacier mapping research and applications for the Indian Himalayas are highlighted.