Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic counting of BPS operators in superconformal field theories

We consider some aspects of counting BPS operators which are annihilated by two supercharges in superconformal field theories. For nonzero coupling, the corresponding multivariable partition functions can be written in terms of generating functions for vector partitions or their weighted generalizations. We derive asymptotics for the density of states for a wide class of such multivariable partition functions. We also point out a particular factorization property of the finite N partition functions. Finally, we discuss the concept of a limit curve arising from the large N partition functions, which is related to the notion of a “typical state,” and discuss some implications for the holographic duals.
Chemical composition of wildland fire emissions

Wildland fires are major sources of trace gases and aerosol, and these emissions are believed to significantly influence the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the earth’s climate system. The wide variety of pollutants released by wildland fire include greenhouse gases, photochemically reactive compounds, and fine and coarse particulate matter. Through direct emissions and secondary chemical and physical processes, wildland fire can have a significant impact on tropospheric chemistry and serve as a major source of air pollution. We provide a synthesis of emission factor data from the literature and previously unpublished research for use in global, continental and regional scale studies investigating the role of wildland fire emissions in atmospheric chemistry and climate. The emission factor data is presented by geographic zones (boreal, temperate, and tropical) and vegetation group (forest and savanna/ rangeland), allowing researchers to account for the different emission characteristics exhibited by biomass burning in these disparate regions. A brief overview of the wildland fuel combustion process as related to emissions production is also provided. The atmospheric fate of wildland fire emissions is briefly discussed and related to the production of secondary air pollutants. Previously unpublished results from a series of fire emission studies in the United States and Canada are presented in an appendix.
Basophilic Round Bodies in Gastric Biopsies Little Known by Pathologists

Selective internal radiation therapy is a relatively new technique that irradiates primary and metastatic liver cancer using yttrium 90 microspheres. Increasing reports have shown this to be a useful treatment for unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma and others metastases from colon, lung, breast, sarcoma, and ocular melanoma. On the other hand, more and more therapy-related complications have been described. Since the morphologic description of injured organs are relatively uncommon, we report 2 cases of selective internal radiation therapy–related gastric injury, which represent basophilic round bodies in gastric biopsies little known by pathologists. The appearances in esophagogastroduodenoscopy include gastrointestinal ulcer, edema, and bleeding. Histological findings are mucosal atrophy, mild to moderate cytologic atypia, edema of the stroma, and inflammatory infiltration. The most characteristic feature is the presence of round blue and dark microspheres in the stromal blood vessels.
THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF CELL WALL DEGRADATION ENZYMES TO BACTERIOPHAGES INFECTION AND PRODUCTION (Review)

Penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetis untuk mengendalikan hama dan penyakit tumbuhan memiliki banyak pengaruh negatif, seperti ketahanan serangga hama dan penyakit terhadap pestisida, resurgensi, ledakan hama sekunder, punahnyah musuh alami dan residu pada bahan makanan dan lingkungan. Selama 60 tahun-an terakhir tingkat keracunan dibidang pertanian dan lingkungan semakin meningkat secara dramatis. Oleh karena itu salah satu pendekatan untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida kimia adalah menggunakan musuh alami. Untuk mengendalikan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri salah satu pendekatan mutahir menggunakan musuh alami berupa bakteriopag. Bakteriopag menyerang bakteri dengan kisaran inang yang spesifik. Salah satu penelitian yang menarik adalah tentang mekanisme bakteriopag menyerang inangnya. Untuk menghancurkan dinding sel bakteri, bakteriopag menghasilkan banyak ensim pendegradasi dinding sel. Pada kajian ini didiskusikan beberapa ensim pendegradasi dinding sel dan kemungkinan perannannya dalam mekanisme infeksi bakteriopag.
Wolbachia density and virulence attenuation after transfer into a novel host

The factors that control replication rate of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis in its insect hosts are unknown and difficult to explore, given the complex interaction of symbiont and host genotypes. Using a strain of Wolbachia that is known to over-replicate and shorten the lifespan of its Drosophila melanogaster host, we have tracked the evolution of replication control in both somatic and reproductive tissues in a novel host/Wolbachia association. After transinfection (the transfer of a Wolbachia strain into a different species) of the over-replicating Wolbachia popcorn strain from D. melanogaster to Drosophila simulans, we demonstrated that initial high densities in the ovaries were in excess of what was required for perfect maternal transmission, and were likely causing reductions in reproductive fitness. Both densities and fitness costs associated with ovary infection rapidly declined in the generations after transinfection. The early death effect in D. simulans attenuated only slightly and was comparable to that induced in D. melanogaster. This study reveals a strong host involvement in Wolbachia replication rates, the independence of density control responses in different tissues, and the strength of natural selection acting on reproductive fitness.
A Novel Approach to the Analysis of Specificity, Clonality, and Frequency of HIV-Specific T Cell Responses Reveals a Potential Mechanism for Control of Viral Escape1

Escape from the CD8+ T cell response through epitope mutations can lead to loss of immune control of HIV replication. Theoretically, escape from CD8+ T cell recognition is less likely when multiple TCRs target individual MHC/peptide complexes, thereby increasing the chance that amino acid changes in the epitope could be tolerated. We studied the CD8+ T cell response to six immunodominant epitopes in five HIV-infected subjects using a novel approach combining peptide stimulation, cell surface cytokine capture, flow cytometric sorting, anchored RT-PCR, and real-time quantitative clonotypic TCR tracking. We found marked variability in the number of clonotypes targeting individual epitopes. One subject recognized a single epitope with six clonotypes, most of which were able to recognize and lyse cells expressing a major epitope variant that arose. Additionally, multiple clonotypes remained expanded during the course of infection, irrespective of epitope variant frequency. Thus, CD8+ T cells comprising multiple TCR clonotypes may expand in vivo in response to individual epitopes, and may increase the ability of the response to recognize virus escape mutants.
The physiology of lymphocyte migration through the single lymph node in vivo.

Lymphocytes are mobile cells, continually recirculating between the blood and the tissues via the lymph. In order to maintain immune surveillance, the majority of lymphocyte traffic occurs through lymph nodes in vivo. Although a great deal of work has been done to elucidate the molecular mechanisms whereby lymphocytes leave the blood and enter the lymph node, lymphocyte traffic also requires that the lymphocyte successfully transit extravascular tissue and enter the lymph following transendothelial migration. The regulation of cell movement through lymph nodes, specific cellular positioning within the nodes, and eventual entry into the efferent lymphatics are poorly understood. The process of lymphocyte recirculation occurs in a physiological background, and in vivo systems have been particularly useful in uncovering the nuances of the process. This review summarizes available data about the recirculation of lymphocytes through the lymph node and the interaction of recirculating lymphocyte pools in vivo. The importance of factors in afferent lymph, the specific distribution of extracellular matrix proteins, potential soluble regulators of cell traffic, and evidence for an active role of lymphatic endothelial cells in the regulation of lymphocyte traffic are discussed. It seems likely that future work will need to be directed at determining the relative importance of these post-transendothelial migration regulators of lymphocyte traffic.
Identification and characterization of the murine cell surface receptor for the urokinase-type plasminogen activator.

Cell-binding experiments have indicated that murine cells on their surface have specific binding sites for mouse urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). In contrast to the human system, chemical cross-linking studies with an iodinated ligand did not yield any covalent adducts in the murine system, but in ligand-blotting analysis, two mouse u-PA-binding proteins could be visualized. To confirm that these proteins are the murine counterpart of the human u-PA receptor (u-PAR), a peptide was derived from the murine cDNA clone assigned to represent the murine u-PAR due to cross-hybridization and pronounced sequence similarity with human u-PAR cDNA [Kristensen, P., Eriksen, J., Blasi, F. & Danø, K. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 115, 1763-1771]. A rabbit antiserum raised against this peptide specifically recognized two polypeptide bands with electrophoretic mobilities identical to those identified by ligand-blotting analysis. Binding of mouse u-PA to its receptor showed species specificity in ligand-blotting analysis, since mouse u-PA did not bind to human u-PAR and human u-PA did not bind to mouse u-PAR. The apparent M(r) of mouse u-PAR varied between different mouse cell lines and ranged over M(r) 45,000-60,000. In four of the cell lines, mouse u-PA bound to two mouse u-PAR variant proteins, whereas in the other two cell lines studied, there was only one mouse u-PA-binding protein. In the monocyte macrophage cell line P388D.1, trypsin-treatment of intact cells could remove only the large mouse u-PAR variant (M(r) 60,000) indicating that only this type was a cell-surface-exposed molecule. The smaller mouse u-PAR variant (M(r) 45,000), was deglycosylated by the enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and is probably an intracellular precursor form carrying only high-mannose carbohydrate. Deglycosylation of this variant yielded a polypeptide with an apparent M(r) of about 30,000, which corresponds to the Mr calculated from the cDNA derived protein sequence of mouse u-PAR. Receptor-bound mouse u-PA could be released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C treatment, indicating that mouse u-PAR is attached to the cell surface by glycosylphosphatidylinositol. Purification of the two mouse u-PAR variant proteins by diisopropylfluorophosphate-inactivated mouse u-PA-Sepharose affinity chromatography yielded two silver-stained bands when analysed by SDS/PAGE, corresponding in electrophoretic mobility to those seen by ligand-blotting analysis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ROAdNoC: Runtime observability for an adaptive network on chip architecture

Hard-to-predict system behavior and/or reliability issues resulting from migrating to new technology nodes requires considering runtime adaptivity in future on-chip systems. Run-time observability is a prerequisite for runtime adaptivity as it is providing necessary system information gathered on-the-fly. We are presenting the first comprehensive runtime observability infrastructure for an adaptive network on chip architecture which is flexible (e.g. in choosing the routing path), hardly intrusive, and requires little additional overhead (around 0.7% of the total link bandwidth). The hardware overhead is negligible, too, and is in fact less than the hardware savings due to resource multiplexing capabilities that are achieved through runtime observability/adaptivity. As an example, our on-demand buffer assignment scheme increases the buffer utilization and decreases the overall buffer requirements by an average of 42% (the buffer area amounts to about 60% of the entire router area [19]) in our case study analysis compared to a fixed buffer assignment scheme [7]. Our runtime observability on an average also increases the connection success rate by 62% compared to the case without runtime observability for the applications from the E3S benchmark suite [6]. We show the advantages obtained through runtime observability and compare with state-of-the art communication-centric designs.
DAFS: simultaneous aligning and folding of RNA sequences via dual decomposition

MOTIVATION It is well known that the accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction from a single sequence is limited, and thus a comparative approach that predicts a common secondary structure from aligned sequences is a better choice if homologous sequences with reliable alignments are available. However, correct secondary structure information is needed to produce reliable alignments of RNA sequences. To tackle this dilemma, we require a fast and accurate aligner that takes structural information into consideration to yield reliable structural alignments, which are suitable for common secondary structure prediction. RESULTS We develop DAFS, a novel algorithm that simultaneously aligns and folds RNA sequences based on maximizing expected accuracy of a predicted common secondary structure and its alignment. DAFS decomposes the pairwise structural alignment problem into two independent secondary structure prediction problems and one pairwise (non-structural) alignment problem by the dual decomposition technique, and maintains the consistency of a pairwise structural alignment by imposing penalties on inconsistent base pairs and alignment columns that are iteratively updated. Furthermore, we extend DAFS to consider pseudoknots in RNA structural alignments by integrating IPknot for predicting a pseudoknotted structure. The experiments on publicly available datasets showed that DAFS can produce reliable structural alignments from unaligned sequences in terms of accuracy of common secondary structure prediction.
A new maximum power point tracking controller for photovoltaic power generation

This paper proposes a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method in combination with one-cycle control for photovoltaic power generation. This control scheme is based on the automatic current-adjusting feature of one-cycle control. The output current of the inverter can be adjusted according to the voltage of the photovoltaic (PV) array so as to extract the maximum power from it. In the mean time, one-cycle control guarantees that the output current is in the same shape of and in phase with the grid voltage. All these are accomplished in one power stage and a simple control circuit. No detection and calculation of power are needed. Compared with previously proposed approaches, this method is much more efficient and more cost-effective and yet exhibits excellent performance. The principle is explained qualitatively and extensive experiments have been carried out to verify and validate the proposed method.
Study of Neurosecretory Cells in Sand Lobster Thenus orientalis of Royapuram Coast-Chennai

2 Abstract: The present investigation on Thenus orientalis, a sand lobster of Royapuram coast, Chennai. Was conducted for two consecutive years. Careful observation made on the morphological and histological investigations showed that there is synchronous growth and its impact on the development of the animal with regard to the control of neurosecretor y cells found in the cerebral ganglion, thoracic ganglion and eye stalk reveals different types of cells in both male and female sand lobsters. Intensive staining reactions of the cells suggest a specific role of neurosecretor y cells in the production of hormones for the gonadal maturation.
Phase/amplitude reset and theta–gamma interaction in the human medial temporal lobe during a continuous word recognition memory task

We analyzed intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from the medial temporal lobes of 12 epilepsy patients during a continuous word recognition paradigm, contrasting trials of correctly recognized repeated words (hits) and correctly identified new words (correct rejections). Using a wavelet‐based analysis, we investigated how power changes and phase clustering in different frequency bands contribute to the averaged event‐related potentials (ERPs). In addition, we analyzed the actual mean phases of the different oscillations. Our analyses yielded the following results: (1) power changes contributed significantly only to the late components of the ERPs (>400 ms) (2) earlier ERP components were produced by a stimulus‐related broad‐band phase and amplitude reset of ongoing oscillatory activity about 190 ms after stimulus onset that involved not only the theta band, but also covered alpha and lower beta band frequencies (3) phase and amplitude reset occurred during an epoch of increased phase entrainment over time that lasted for about two oscillation periods for all involved frequencies and was more pronounced for correct rejections than for hits. The broad‐band phase and amplitude reset was observed for both hits and correct rejections, and therefore, did not appear to support a specific cognitive function, but rather to act as a general facilitating factor for the processes involved in this memory task. Further analyses of synchronization between oscillations and power changes in different frequency bands revealed a task‐dependent modulation of gamma activity by the entrained theta cycle, a mechanism potentially related to memory encoding and retrieval in the rhinal cortex and hippocampus, respectively. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and disease-specific mortality in Asia: systematic review with meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies

Background That socioeconomic deprivation has shown a correlation with disease-specific mortality in Western societies is well documented. However, it is unclear whether these findings are also apparent in Asian societies. Accordingly, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from Asia that have reported on the association between socioeconomic position and adult mortality risk. Methods Relevant studies were identified through an electronic search of databases. Studies were included if they had published quantitative estimates of the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality in a general population-based sample. The pooled multiple-adjusted relative risks for mortality in the lowest SES group relative to the highest SES group were studied. Random effects meta-analyses were computed. Results A total of 29 cohort studies from 10 Asian countries were identified, comprising 1 370 023 individuals and 71 818 total deaths. The three markers of SES most widely used (education, income, occupation) were inversely related to mortality outcomes under consideration (all-causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer). For instance, the pooled relative risks of low education compared with high education were: 1.40 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.52) for all-cause mortality, 1.66 (1.23 to 2.25) for cardiovascular mortality and 1.16 (1.07 to 1.27) for cancer mortality. There was some evidence that the age of cohort members at study induction, the gross national product of the country from which the cohort was drawn and geographical region modified the association between SES and mortality. Conclusions Concordant with findings from Western societies, socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with total and cause-specific mortality in Asia.
Sniffing out the correct physical layer capture model in 802.11b

Physical layer capture (PLC) in 802.11b refers to the successful reception of the stronger (higher signal strength at receiver) frame in a collision. PLC causes significant imbalance in the throughputs of sources. Existing 802.11b simulators, including ns2 and Qualnet, assume that PLC occurs only if the stronger frame arrives first at the receiver. We show empirically that in reality PLC occurs even if the stronger frame arrives later (but within the physical layer preamble of the first frame). Consequently, throughput unfairness in reality can be significantly (up to 15%) higher than with the former PLC model. We have modified the ns2 simulator to account for this and Qualnet is incorporating a fix in their next release. To identify which frames were involved in collisions, when their transmissions started, and which of them were retrieved, we have devised a novel technique using multiple sniffers and instrumented device drivers to reconstruct from the air interface all tx/rx events in a WLAN to within 4 /spl mu/s accuracy. This allows us to quantify the causal links from the PHY layer through the MAC layer to the observed application layer imbalance. It also shows that the arrival times of colliding frames routinely differ by as much as 20 /spl mu/s due to inherent uncertainties of 802.11b firmware clock synchronization and rx/tx turnaround delays, and that the frame to arrive first can be either the stronger or the weaker with equal likelihood.
Regulation of gene expression and mitochondrial dynamics by SMAD

ABSTRACT Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) proteins exert a wide spectrum of transcriptional effects in different cell types and tissues in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). A recent study demonstrates what is thought to be the first distinct cytoplasmic function for SMAD2 in modulating mitochondrial dynamics and hence reveals new pathophysiological implications for TGF-β signaling.
DMS-1 Driven Data Model to Enable a Semantic Middleware for Multimedia Information Retrieval in a Broadcaster

This article presents the motivation and the implementation of a semantic model developed to support diverse semantic services in a Multimedia Asset Management system in a Broadcaster. The model is mainly driven by DMS-1 (Descriptive Metadata Scheme) standard, which is part of the Multimedia Exchange Format standard defined by the broadcast industrial community and according to our knowledge we propose the first implementation of it using the OWL language. This model has been complemented with other models coming from the academia in order to cover the diverse nature of the different semantic needs identified in the whole workflow.