Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetics of retinoblastoma.

IT HAS been recognized for many years that the distribution of the malignant ocular neoplasm most commonly termed retinoblastoma is not at random in human populations. Although the great majority of persons with this disease are not known to have any relative similarly affected, there has been observed, considering the rarity of the neoplasm, a disproportionate frequency of both "horizontal" and "vertical" constellations. By the term "horizontal" we refer to the occurrence of two or more affected children in a single sibship, both parents being normal in this respect; by the term "vertical" we refer to an affected parent with one or more affected children. The extensive literature documenting this point has been adequately reviewed elsewhere.1The currently accepted genetic explanation of these findings is largely derived from the papers of Weller,1bGriffith and Sorsby,1cFranceschetti and Bischler,1eand Falls.2In brief, it is postulated
Tianjin suburbs PS-QPS analysis and validation with leveling data

Permanent Scatterers (PS) based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data has been approved to be a feasible way to detect and monitor wide area ground subsidence at a low cost. Classical PS algorithms are focused on exploring the point-like radar targets while Quasi-PS (QPS) technique was proposed to manage the detection of both distributed and decorrelating targets. In this work, we explore the potential ability of PS and QPS analysis for subsidence monitoring with L- and X-band. A case study was conducted in Tianjin suburbs and the exploited SAR datasets were composed of 23 ALOS images acquired from 2009/4/24 to 2010/10/28 and 37 TerraSAR-X images from 2009/4/29 to 2010/11/11. The average subsidence velocity map and displacement history have been retrieved by PS and QPS analysis and the validation indicates good agreement between INSAR time series results and leveling data.
Measuring Power of Algorithms, Programs and Automata

We are living in a world where complexity of systems created and studied by people grows beyond all imaginable limits. Computers, their software and their networks are among the most complicated systems of our time. Science is the only efficient tool for dealing with this overwhelming complexity. One of the methodologies developed in science is the axiomatic approach. It proved to be very powerful in mathematics. In this paper, we develop further an axiomatic approach in computer science initiated by Manna, Blum and other researchers. In the traditional constructive setting, different classes of algorithms (programs, processes or automata) are studied separately, with some indication of relations between these classes. Thus, the constructive approach gave birth to the theory of Turing machines, theory of partial recursive functions, theory of finite automata, and other theories of constructive models of algorithms. The axiomatic context allows one to research classes of classes of algorithms, automata, and processes. As a result, axiomatic approach goes higher in the hierarchy of co mputer and network models, reducing in such a way complexity of their study. The suggested axiomatic methodology is applied to evaluation of possibilities of computers and their networks. People more and more rely on computers and other information process ing systems. So, it is vital to know better than now what computers and other information processing systems can do and what they can’t do. The main emphasis is done on such properties as computability, decidability, and acceptability.
Memory: Performance, knowledge, and experience

Abstract The relation between three aspects of memory—behaviour, knowledge, and conscious experience—is discussed. Memory research of the past has tended to concentrate on memory performance, and to neglect memory as conscious experience. This neglect may reflect the acceptance of a tacit assumption that behaviour, knowledge, and experience are closely correlated, an assumption designated here as the doctrine of concordance. Some recent research, explicitly concerned with conscious experience in remembering, has thrown doubt on concordance as a general rule. Four examples of this research are briefly reviewed: repetition priming, source amnesia, remembering vs knowing, and neural correlates of episodic and semantic memory as revealed by regional cerebral blood flow. This research suggests that there is no general correlation between memory performance, retrieved knowledge, and conscious recollective experience, and that these relations in different situations must be discovered rather than just postulated.
Perceptions of Social Responsibility of Prominent Animal Welfare Groups

ABSTRACT Nonhuman animal welfare is an increasingly important component of consumer expectations of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The extent to which prominent animal welfare or protection organizations may influence people’s perceptions of food industry CSR may be related to an organization’s perceived social responsibility. Data from an online survey of 300 U.S. residents were used to explore relationships between demographics/lifestyle choices and perceptions of prominent animal welfare organizations (using best–worst scaling methodology). Overall, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was perceived to be the most socially responsible organization analyzed, followed by the Humane Society of the United States and the American Humane Association (AHA). Results suggest that the perceived social responsibility of animal protection organizations in this study was not strongly linked to personally (financially) supporting them, with 2 exceptions: the perceptions of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and AHA. Improved understanding of the perception of animal welfare or protection organizations can inform decision making by organizations interested in furthering animal welfare causes.
Challenges in Chinese knowledge graph construction

The automatic construction of large-scale knowledge graphs has received much attention from both academia and industry in the past few years. Notable knowledge graph systems include Google Knowledge Graph, DBPedia, YAGO, NELL, Probase and many others. Knowledge graph organizes the information in a structured way by explicitly describing the relations among entities. Since entity identification and relation extraction are highly depending on language itself, data sources largely determine the way the data are processed, relations are extracted, and ultimately how knowledge graphs are formed, which deeply involves the analysis of lexicon, syntax and semantics of the content. Currently, much progress has been made for knowledge graphs in English language. In this paper, we discuss the challenges facing Chinese knowledge graph construction because Chinese is significantly different from English in various linguistic perspectives. Specifically, we analyze the challenges from three aspects: data sources, taxonomy derivation and knowledge extraction. We also present our insights in addressing these challenges.
Roles of informal workplace trainers in different organizational contexts: Empirical evidence from Australian companies

Informal workplace trainers help employees learn what they need to know and do in order to get their job done. Little is known about the actions of informal workplace trainers, who may be colleagues or supervisors. This study provides an empirical basis for actions undertaken by informal workplace trainers. A total of 350 Australian enterprises were interviewed by telephone. Actions of informal workplace trainers were measured using a list of thirty-two statements based on prior qualitative research. Three factors were found to describe core role dimensions: support, structure, and performance. Also, three types of informal workplace trainer appeared: some had a passive indifferent role conception, a considerable number had a restricted role conception, and many had a broad, active role conception. Relationships of role dimensions and role conceptions with organizational context variables and characteristics of informal workplace trainers were tested as well. The study proposes several directions for further research.
Desmin and titin expression in early postimplantation mouse embryos.

The expression of the intermediate filament (IF) constituents desmin, vimentin and keratin, as well as the striated-muscle-specific marker titin, was studied in mouse embryos of 8.0 to 9.5 days post coitum (d.p.c.), using the indirect immunofluorescence technique in combination with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. During the development of the embryo, desmin was first detected at 8.25 d.p.c. in the ectoderm, where it was transiently coexpressed with keratin and vimentin. At later stages, the ectoderm contained only keratin and to a certain extent also vimentin IF. At 8.5 d.p.c. , desmin was found exclusively in the heart rudiment, and remained present with increasing intensity in the myocardial cells during later cardiogenesis. Striation of desmin in the heart muscle cells was observed in 9.5 d.p.c. embryos. At these stages (8.5-9.5 d.p.c.), triple expression of the IF proteins desmin, vimentin and keratin was evident in these cells. From 9.0 d.p.c. onwards, desmin could be detected in the myotomes as well. Immunoblotting studies of 9.5 d.p.c. mouse embryos confirmed the immunohistochemical data. Titin was found in the early heart anlage at stage 8.25 d.p.c. , when no desmin expression was observed in this tissue. At this stage the titin appeared in a punctate pattern, similar to that observed in cardiac myofibrils of early chicken embryos (Tokuyasu and Maher, 1987; J. Cell Biol. 105, 2781-2793). In 8.5 d.p.c. mouse embryos, this punctate titin staining pattern was still observed, while, at this stage, a filamentous staining reaction could be seen with the desmin antibodies. During further development, cross-striation was detected within myocardial cells using the polyclonal titin antibody from 9.0 d.p.c. onwards, i.e. before such striation could be detected with the desmin antibodies. From these data, we conclude that titin synthesis may anticipate desmin expression in the developing mouse myocard, although the level of expression of the former protein remains low until 9.0 d.p.c.
Intercomparison of UV-visible measurements of ozone and NO 2 during the Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns: 2004–2006

The first three Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns were held during polar sunrise at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80° N, 86° W) from 2004 to 2006 in support of validation of the ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) satellite mission. Three or four zenith-sky viewing UV-visible spectrometers have taken part in each of the three campaigns. The differential slant column densities and vertical column densities from these instruments have been compared following the methods of the UV-visible Working Group of the NDACC (Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change). The instruments are found to partially agree within the required accuracies for both species, although both the vertical and slant column densities are more scattered than required. This might be expected given the spatial and temporal variability of the Arctic stratosphere in spring. The vertical column densities are also compared to integrated total columns from ozonesondes and integrated partial columns from the ACE-FTS (ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer) and ACE-MAESTRO (ACE-Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation) instruments on board ACE. For both species, the columns from the ground-based instruments and the ozonesondes are found to generally agree within their combined error bars. The ACE-FTS ozone partial columns and the ground-based total columns agree within 4.5%, averaged over the three campaigns. The ACE-MAESTRO ozone partial columns are generally smaller than those of the ground-based instruments, by an average of 9.9%, and are smaller than the ACE-FTS columns by an average of 14.4%. The ACE-FTS NO 2 partial columns are an average of 13.4% smaller than the total columns from the ground-based instruments, as expected. The ACE-MAESTRO NO 2 partial columns are larger than the total columns of the ground-based instruments by an average of 2.5% and larger than the partial columns of the ACE-FTS by an average of 15.5%.
Optimizing RFID Network Planning by Using a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm With Redundant Reader Elimination

The rapid development of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology creates the challenge of optimal deployment of an RFID network. The RFID network planning (RNP) problem involves many constraints and objectives and has been proven to be NP-hard. The use of evolutionary computation (EC) and swarm intelligence (SI) for solving RNP has gained significant attention in the literature, but the algorithms proposed have seen difficulties in adjusting the number of readers deployed in the network. However, the number of deployed readers has an enormous impact on the network complexity and cost. In this paper, we develop a novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a tentative reader elimination (TRE) operator to deal with RNP. The TRE operator tentatively deletes readers during the search process of PSO and is able to recover the deleted readers after a few generations if the deletion lowers tag coverage. By using TRE, the proposed algorithm is capable of adaptively adjusting the number of readers used in order to improve the overall performance of RFID network. Moreover, a mutation operator is embedded into the algorithm to improve the success rate of TRE. In the experiment, six RNP benchmarks and a real-world RFID working scenario are tested and four algorithms are implemented and compared. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of achieving higher coverage and using fewer readers than the other algorithms.
Novel Consensus Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks with Noise and Interference Suppression

Achieving consensus on common global parameters through totally decentralized algorithms is a topic that has attracted considerable attention in the last few years, in view of its potential application in sensor networks. Several algorithms, along with their convergence properties, have been studied in the literature, among which the most popular are the (weighted) average consensus based schemes. One of the most critical aspects of these algorithms is that they suffer from catastrophic noise propagation. In addition, the effect of additive interference is dramatic. In this work we propose a novel consensus algorithm which is effective in suppressing both noise and interference. In particular, the variance of the noise affecting the consensus values can be made arbitrarily low. Moreover, interferences of finite duration or periodic can be completely rejected. The proposed consensus algorithm subsumes, as a special cases, previously known algorithms. Finally, its ability in suppressing noise and interference holds regardless of the noise statistics and for arbitrary network topology.
Internet pornography: A social psychological perspective on internet sexuality

Spectacular growth in availability of sexually explicit material on the Internet challenges sexual science to study antecedents and consequences of experience with such content. The current analysis attempts to provide a conceptual and empirical context for emerging work in this area. Our discussion begins with a summary of some of what has been learned from existing research concerning sexually explicit materials in contexts other than the Internet, and considers lessons from this work that may inform emerging research concerning Internet sexuality. A social psychological theory, the Sexual Behavior Sequence (Byrne, 1977), is then applied in an initial effort to conceptualize a number of antecedents and consequences of experience with Internet sexuality. Discussion closes with consideration of an agenda for future research concerning antecedents and consequences of experience with Internet sexually explicit materials.
Controlling Kinesin by Reversible Disulfide Cross-Linking

Conventional kinesin, a dimeric molecular motor, uses ATP-dependent conformational changes to move unidirectionally along a row of tubulin subunits on a microtubule. Two models have been advanced for the major structural change underlying kinesin motility: the first involves an unzippering/zippering of a small peptide (neck linker) from the motor catalytic core and the second proposes an unwinding/rewinding of the adjacent coiled-coil (neck coiled-coil). Here, we have tested these models using disulfide cross-linking of cysteines engineered into recombinant kinesin motors. When the neck linker motion was prevented by cross-linking, kinesin ceased unidirectional movement and only showed brief one-dimensional diffusion along microtubules. Motility fully recovered upon adding reducing agents to reverse the cross-link. When the neck linker motion was partially restrained, single kinesin motors showed biased diffusion towards the microtubule plus end but could not move effectively against a load imposed by an optical trap. Thus, partial movement of the neck linker suffices for directionality but not for normal processivity or force generation. In contrast, preventing neck coiled-coil unwinding by disulfide cross-linking had relatively little effect on motor activity, although the average run length of single kinesin molecules decreased by 30–50%. These studies indicate that conformational changes in the neck linker, not in the neck coiled-coil, drive processive movement by the kinesin motor.
Lexical and naming processes of non-prototypical Kanji: evidence of the Component parts activation

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to examine the role of Kanji components on recognition. In Experiment 1, adult subjects made lexical decisions about the stimuli in which two components (radicals) of Kanji characters were separated vertically and horizontally. The results showed that the meaningfulness and position of components have an effect on the process of lexical access. In Experiment 2, naming speed was measured to the same stimuli. The effect of meaningfulness and position of the Kanji components did not affect the naming task. Based on these experiments, possibilities for the activation of semantically opaque components in Kanji processing were discussed.
Does it Matter if Women, Minorities and Gays Govern?: New Data Concerning an Old Question

<p>Elite studies in general, and elite social characteristics in particular, used to be a focus of intense interest in Canadian Sociology. The interest in elite social characteristics has since declined, apparently in part because it is believed that the topic is of no substantive significance. Nonetheless, a considerable body of research in Political Science and Women's Studies over the past two decades has shown that social characteristics such as gender, race, and sexual orientation have a meaningful impact on the decisions made by those in authority positions. This paper calls for renewed study of elite social characteristics in Canadian Sociology. </p> <p>Les études élitaires en général et les caractéristiques sociales élitaires en particulier, représentaient autrefois un point d'intérêt intense dans la sociologie canadienne. L'intérêt manifesté pour les caractéristiques sociales élitaires a diminué depuis, apparemment en partie parce que l'on croit que le sujet n'est pas vraiment significatif. Quoi qu'il en soit, un important organisme de recherche en sciences politiques et en études de la condition féminine a démontré qu'au cours des deux dernières décennies les caractéristiques sociales telles que le sexe, la race et l'orientation sexuelle avaient un impact considérable sur les décisions prises par les autorités du moment. Cet article est un appel pour une nouvelle étude sur les caractéristiques sociales élites dans la sociologie canadienne. </p>
Germline mutations in the oncogene EZH2 cause Weaver syndrome and increased human height

The biological processes controlling human growth are diverse, complex and poorly understood. Genetic factors are important and human height has been shown to be a highly polygenic trait to which common and rare genetic variation contributes. Weaver syndrome is a human overgrowth condition characterised by tall stature, dysmorphic facial features, learning disability and variable additional features. We performed exome sequencing in four individuals with Weaver syndrome, identifying a mutation in the histone methyltransferase, EZH2, in each case. Sequencing of EZH2 in additional individuals with overgrowth identified a further 15 mutations. The EZH2 mutation spectrum in Weaver syndrome shows considerable overlap with the inactivating somatic EZH2 mutations recently reported in myeloid malignancies. Our data establish EZH2 mutations as the cause of Weaver syndrome and provide further links between histone modifications and regulation of human growth.
Context-Sensitive Sharedness Criteria for Teamwork (Extended Abstract)

Teamwork between humans and intelligent systems gains importance with the maturing of agent and robot technology. In the social sciences, sharedness of mental models is used to explain and understand teamwork. To use this concept for developing teams that include agents, we propose contextsensitive sharedness criteria. These criteria specify how much, what, and among whom knowledge in a team should be shared.
Jurgen Habermas "What is universal pragmatics?"

One of the most difficult tasks for any professional communicator is identifying and negotiating the political shoals in an organization. In his essay "What is universal pragmatics? " Habermas (1979) describes a broad, universal concept of pragmatics (the study of language use in a specific situation), one that is useful for analyzing how power affects organizational communication. By exploiting the sociological aspect of Habermas' universal pragmatics, communicators can use his theory to understand how power affects communication in the workplace. I briefly describe Habermas' theory, modify his theory to relate more specifically to communication in an organization, and provide a brief example illustrating the theory's usefulness.
Biosynthesis of Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate are synthesized as galactosaminoglycan polymers containing N ‐acetylgalactosmine alternating with glucuronic acid. The sugar residues are sulfated to varying degrees and positions depending upon the tissue sources and varying conditions of formation. Epimerization of any of the glucuronic acid residues to iduronic acid at the polymer level constitutes the formation of dermatan sulfate. Chondroitin/dermatan glycosaminoglycans are covalently attached by a common tetrasaccharide sequence to the serine residues of core proteins while they are adherent to the inner surface of endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi vesicles. Addition of the first sugar residue, xylose, to core proteins begins in the endoplasmic reticulum, followed by the addition of two galactose residues by two distinct glycosyl transferases in the early cis/medial regions of the Golgi. The linkage tetrasaccharide is completed in the medial/trans Golgi by the addition of the first glucuronic acid residue, followed by transfer of N ‐acetylgalactosamine to initiate the formation of a galactosaminoglycan rather than a glucosaminoglycan. This specific N ‐acetylgalactosaminyl transferase is different from the chondroitin synthase involved in generation of the repeating disaccharide units to form the chondroitin polymer. Sulfation of the chondroitin polymer by specific sulfotransferases occurs as the polymer is being formed. All the enzymes in the pathway for synthesis have been cloned, with the exception of the glucuronyl to iduronyl epimerase involved in the formation of dermatan residues.