Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel 1.8 V, 1066 Mbps, DDR2, DFI-Compatible, Memory Interface

An innovative design of a 533 MHz DDR2 SDRAM PHY based on a common standard bus interface (DFI) and implemented in 90 nm standard CMOS process, is presented in this paper. Off-chip driver with calibrated strength, slew rate control, and on-die termination mechanism are utilized to provide improved signal integrity. Furthermore a DDR3-like I/O architecture and an appropriate calibration mechanism has been employed in order to reduce input capacitance. A Register-Controlled Delay Locked Loop (RCDLL) is included that measures the period of the external DFI clock to generate two stable clock phases (0deg, 90deg) and aligns it with the internal PHY clock. A novel Dynamic Strobe Masking System (DSMS) has also been employed which, in contrast to traditional techniques, dynamically adjusts the length of the masking signal in real-time, based on the incoming strobe. Finally, the PHY provides the necessary hooks for data capture training by an external calibration engine. Post layout simulation results demonstrate its robustness over process, voltage, and temperature variations.
Power Grid Noise in TSV-Based 3-D Integrated Systems

A 3-D test circuit examining power grid noise in a 3-D integrated stack has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Fabrication and vertical bonding were performed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory for a 150 nm, three metal layer SOI process. Three wafers are vertically bonded to form a 3-D stack. Noise analysis of a power delivery topology is described. The effect of the through silicon via (TSV) density on the noise profile of a 3-D power delivery network is also discussed.
High Diversity among Environmental Escherichia coli Isolates from a Bovine Feedlot

ABSTRACT Approximately 280 Escherichia coli isolates were isolated from a bovine feedlot at the University of Connecticut campus via enrichment in lauryl tryptose broth and random selection from MacConkey plates. The E. coli subspecies diversity was estimated by employing whole-cell BOX-PCR genomic fingerprints. A total of 89 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified by employing a criterion of 85% fingerprint similarity as a surrogate for an OTU, while the Chao1 index estimated the E. coli population richness at 128 OTUs. One genotype (at a similarity level of 60%) dominated the population at 66% regardless of sampling depth or location, while no significant vertical distribution pattern was observed in terms of genotype, mobility, antibiotic resistance profile, or biofilm-forming ability. Motility, measured by a soft agar assay, had a very broad range among the E. coli population and was positively correlated with biofilm-forming ability in minimal medium (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r = 0.619, P < 10−4) but not in Luria broth. Only an estimated 48% of the population possessed gene agn43, which encodes Ag43, a phase-variable outer membrane protein that has been implicated in biofilm formation in minimal medium. We observed significantly more biofilm formation in both minimal medium and Luria broth for agn43+ strains, with a larger effect in minimal medium. This study represents an exhaustive inventory of extant E. coli population diversity at a bovine feedlot and reveals significant subspecies heterogeneity in interfacial behavior.
Classification and Determination of Possible Origins of ORFans through Analysis of Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses

Objective: An important proportion of coding sequences in genomes, notably in viruses, do not match any sequences in databases and are assigned as ORFan sequences. Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) harbor great numbers of ORFs with a high number consisting of ORFans. Thus, we decided to decipher the nature of ORFans in the NCLDVs. Methods: A genome-wide study was carried out to estimate the ORFan proportion in NCLDV genomes and to analyze their general features compared with non-ORFan. Results: The ORFan percentages comprised between 2.8 and 75.2% of the ORF content according to the virus lineage. We propose to classify ORFans in four categories according to their possible match with metagenomic sequences and their prevalence at different taxonomic ranks. Our results indicate that NCLDV ORFans have overall similar features with non-ORFans, except they are shorter. Conclusions: An ORFan classification scheme was proposed to decipher their origin and evolution. Most ORFans were likely labeled ORFan owing to the gap of knowledge of the sequence space. ORFans might be true functional genes with likely the same expression potential as non-ORFan genes. Part of them may also correspond to new genes formed de novo through the diverse mechanisms of gene evolution.
A new behavioral principle for urban transportation networks

A new hypothesis on traveler behavior in a network is described which is based on empirical findings in the theory of travel budgets. It is translated into an assignment principle for characterizing the distribution of travelers, as well as the demand and mode split. A numerical technique is proposed, and it is applied to several examples to illustrate qualitative features. The new hypothesis is significant because it considers all travel decisions--whether or not to travel, where to go, and what mode to use-in a single, unified way. The feedback from travel time and money costs on links and modes to traveler behavior is explicitly considered.
Self-learning continuous controllers

In this paper different approach of adaptation mechanism for fuzzy model reference learning control (FMRLC) method will be introduced. In contrast to original method the proposed procedure guarantees continuity of the fuzzy controller that in reward results in its smooth input-output behaviour (mapping) that eliminates undesirable abrupt changes in the control signal. Additionally, the proposed method shows larger robustness to responses of initial conditions and various reference signals. The advantages of the proposed modification are presented on control of magnetic suspension system. From result comparing rule bases after adaptation there is absolutely smooth control surface in case of proposed method FMRLC in comparison with original FMRLC. With proposed procedure it was achieved similar result regulation to original FMRLC but with more than 4x smaller adaptation gain.
Behavioral Intention Analysis on Pet Caring in Jakarta

The aim of the study was to explain the relationship between attitudes and interests in caring for pets. The theoretical basis of this research is Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This study used a survey and sampling method conducted at several animal clinics in Jakarta. The number of samples obtained in this study amounted to 178 respondents selected by convenience sampling method using questionnaires and direct interviews. Data analysis using SEM method. The results showed that the attitude toward behavior and perceived behavior control had a significant effect on the behavior intention. This indicates that the more profits a pet owner earned in maintaining an animal, the more it will encourage interest in caring for pets better. The managerial implications for animal care product and service providers are to create a variety of products and develop a business for animal health care and services. Keywords: pets, attitude, behavior intention, theory of planned behavior
A Novel Hyaluronidase from Brown Spider (Loxosceles intermedia) Venom (Dietrich's Hyaluronidase): From Cloning to Functional Characterization

Loxoscelism is the designation given to clinical symptoms evoked by Loxosceles spider's bites. Clinical manifestations include skin necrosis with gravitational spreading and systemic disturbs. The venom contains several enzymatic toxins. Herein, we describe the cloning, expression, refolding and biological evaluation of a novel brown spider protein characterized as a hyaluronidase. Employing a venom gland cDNA library, we cloned a hyaluronidase (1200 bp cDNA) that encodes for a signal peptide and a mature protein. Amino acid alignment revealed a structural relationship with members of hyaluronidase family, such as scorpion and snake species. Recombinant hyaluronidase was expressed as N-terminal His-tag fusion protein (∼45 kDa) in inclusion bodies and activity was achieved using refolding. Immunoblot analysis showed that antibodies that recognize the recombinant protein cross-reacted with hyaluronidase from whole venom as well as an anti-venom serum reacted with recombinant protein. Recombinant hyaluronidase was able to degrade purified hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), while dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) were not affected. Zymograph experiments resulted in ∼45 kDa lytic zones in hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) substrates. Through in vivo experiments of dermonecrosis using rabbit skin, the recombinant hyaluronidase was shown to increase the dermonecrotic effect produced by recombinant dermonecrotic toxin from L. intermedia venom (LiRecDT1). These data support the hypothesis that hyaluronidase is a “spreading factor”. Recombinant hyaluronidase provides a useful tool for biotechnological ends. We propose the name Dietrich's Hyaluronidase for this enzyme, in honor of Professor Carl Peter von Dietrich, who dedicated his life to studying proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans.
An Incremental Method for Forward Kinematics of Parallel Manipulators

This paper presents a simple numerical method for forward kinematics of a general 6-DOF parallel manipulators, which can generate a unique solution directly. This method utilizes the trivial nature of the inverse kinematics of parallel manipulators, and derives a straightforward linear relationship between the small change of joint variables (leg lengths) and the resulting small motion of the platform. The solution to the forward kinematics is then achieved through a series of small changes in joint variables. Numerical examples validate and confirm the efficiency of the method
Web caching architectures: hierarchical and distributed caching

Web caches are installed to reduce the receivers’ latency and save network bandwidth. These caches need to cooperate in order to improve their performance. A popular technique to make caches cooperate is by setting up a caching hierarchy. However, there are several problems associated with a caching hierarchy: i) every hierarchy level introduces additional delay, ii) redundant document copies are stored at every hierarchy level, and iii) higher level caches tend to become bottlenecks. Recently, a number of researchers have proposed the setup of a totally distributed caching scheme where only caches at the bottom level of the network cooperate and there are no intermediate caches. In this paper we analyze the performance of both hierarchical and distributed caching. Our main performance measure is the expected latency to retrieve a Web document. We find that hierarchical caching gives shorter connection times than distributed caching. We also find that distributed caching gives shorter transmission times than hierarchical caching since the traffic flows through less congested traffic links. Distributed caching has higher bandwidth usage than hierarchical caching. However, the network traffic generated by a distributed scheme is better distributed, using more bandwidth in the lower network levels, which are less congested. We also discuss administrative issues concerning the deployment of distributed caching. Additionally, we study a hybrid scheme where there is a caching hierarchy and a certain number of caches that cooperate at every caching level using a distributed caching scheme. We find that a “well configured” hybrid scheme can combine the advantages of both hierarchical and distributed caching, reducing the connection time as well as the transmission time. Depending on the hybrid caching architecture, the current parent caches load, and the document size, there is certain number of caches that should cooperate at each network level to minimize the overall retrieval latency. We propose small modifications of the existing cache-sharing protocols to dynamically determine the degree of cooperation between caches at every level of a hybrid caching scheme.
Crowd density analysis using co-occurrence texture features

Crowd density analysis is crucial for crowd monitoring and management. This paper proposes a novel method for crowd density analysis. According to the framework, input images are firstly divided into patches, and each patch is associated with a density label based on its texture features. Finally, local information is synthesized for global density estimation. Local image content is described by features based on co-occurrence textures and visual words processing chain. Experiments show that the system is highly robust to scene changes and background noise yet remain discriminative for crowd detection.
Robust Feedback Control Scheduling in Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems

A key challenge in developing distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems is to meeting critical performance constraints when DRE systems become more difficult to predict in terms of the needs of the application, particularly those needs that are likely to change dynamically during execution of the application. The system design must combine temporal requirements and considerable uncertainty, together with the ability to swiftly adapt to changing environmental conditions. This paper proposes a robust DRE model that does not require precise system parameters. A multivariable Hinfin controller is developed and provides utilisation and deadline guarantees in an unpredictable environment.
Character Mediated Communications

In this paper we present a broadband connected child’s toy, capable of facilitating games, reading stories and hosting remote communications. It is embodied as a wireless plush starfish, with a variety of sensors and outputs to create a rich character-based interaction. We define a new class of Character Mediated Communications, describe our design and the resulting implementation. We then highlight two specific questions exploring Character Mediated Communications, on which we seek the perspectives of others.
EXPLICIT BASEBALL EVENT DETECTION BY COMBINING VISUAL AND SPEECH INFORMATION

To explicitly detect baseball events, a multimodal approach that combines the decisions of visual and speech event detection is proposed. We respectively perform event detection from visual and speech perspectives and estimate the corresponding confidences. By combining the decisions from different modalities, the detection performance increases by 8% ~ 20%, in terms of F1 metric. This work achieves explicit event detection in baseball videos and facilitates the development of realistic applications for management or entertainment.
Enhanced File Security using Encryption and Splitting technique over Multi-cloud Environment

Cloud computing is a field which has been fast growing over the last few years. The fact that cloud can provide both computation and storage at low rates makes it popular among corporations and IT industries. This also makes it a very captivating proposition for the future. But in spite of its promise and potential, security in the cloud proves to be a cause for concerns to the business sector. This is due to the out sourcing of data onto third party managed cloud platform. These concerns security also make the use of cloud services not so much flexible. We provide a secure framework to stored data to be securely in the cloud, at the same time allowing operations to be performed on data without compromising of the sensitive parts of the data. A combination of searchable encryption with Partial Homomorphism is proposed.
RING: A Cross-Layer Design for Voice Communicating on P2P-MANET

RING: A Cross-Layer Design for Voice Communicating on P2P-MANET This paper presents RING, a novel peer-to-peer (P2P) voice communicating system on mobile ad hoc network (MANET). RING proposes a ring overlay, a set of protocols, and an implementation enabling the delivery voice among peers without connecting to Internet. The logical overlay is proximal to the physical topology based on cross-layer scheme, which detects the network dynamics and peer movement to support a communication with high delivery ratio. The ring overlay is used to utilize simply, stabilize real-time delivery, and minimize signaling overhead. The characteristics of self-organization and decentralization share the network load and help the network scalability for MANET. Although the traditional P2P system falls into impropriety and inefficiency of real-time distribution on MANET, RING can achieve the acceptable quality in short-term and small-scale purpose. We discuss the comparison of overlay performance and demonstrate that RING is workable via the mathematical theory and a series of experiences. RING can deal with peer arrival and departure quickly and simply to shorten the service interruption time with minimal signaling overhead.
AC/AC converter with the Z-source and high frequency link

This paper proposes a high frequency AC/AC converter based on Z-source, which is composed of input filtering circuit, inductor, input cycloconverter, high frequency transformer, output cycloconverter, control switch and output filter. The paper gives in-depth the steady-state principle and control strategy of the circuit. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the converter has the merits of output transformation, frequency conversion, high frequency electrical isolation, bidirectional power flow, load adaptability, etc. And it lays a key technique foundation for Intelligent Universal Transformer (IUT), sinusoidal AC voltage stabilizer, voltage regulators, and power compensator.
A robust RFPI-based 1-bit compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm

In this paper, we introduce a 1-bit compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm that is not only robust against bit flips in the binary measurement vector, but also does not require a priori knowledge of the sparsity level of the signal to be reconstructed. Through numerical experiments, we show that our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms for the 1-bit compressive sensing problem in the presence of random bit flips and when the sparsity level of the signal deviates from its estimated value.
Pre-registration of latent fingerprints based on orientation field

In this study, the authors present a hierarchical algorithm to register a partial fingerprint against a full fingerprint using only the orientation fields. In the first level, they shortlist possible locations for registering the partial fingerprint in the full fingerprint using a normalised correlation measure, taking various rotations into account. As a second level, on those candidate locations, they calculate three other similarity measures. They then perform score fusion for all the estimated similarity scores to locate the final registration. By registering a partial fingerprint against a full fingerprint, they can reduce the search space of the minutiae set in the full fingerprint, thereby improving the result of partial fingerprint identification, particularly for poor quality latent fingerprints. They report the rank identification improvements of two minutiae-based automated fingerprint identification systems on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-Special Database 27 database when they use the authors hierarchical registration as a pre-alignment.
Unclassifiable interstitial lung disease: an unresolved diagnostic dilemma

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) classification requires a multidisciplinary review that includes input from an ILD clinician, chest radiologist, and lung pathologist. We report a case of ILD that remained unclassifiable due to discordant clinical, radiological, and pathological findings despite a thorough evaluation that included examination of explanted lung tissue. This case demonstrates that ILD can remain unclassifiable even with a complete evaluation and illustrates one approach to the management of such patients.
Extracting Representative Image from Web Page

A web page typically contains a blend of information. For a particular user, only informative data such as main content and representative images are considered useful, while non-informative data such as advertisements and navigational banners are not. In this work, we focus on selecting a representative image that would best represent the content of a web page. Existing techniques rely on prior knowledge of website specific templates and on text body. We extract all images, analyze and rank them according to their features and functionality in the web page. We select the highest scored image as the representative image. Our method is fully automated, template independent, and not limited to a certain type of web pages.
Automatic Clustering of Utterances for a Dialogue Act Design

Automatic clustering of utterances can be useful for the modeling of dialogue acts for dialogue applications. Previously, the Chinese restaurant process (CRP), a non-parametric Bayesian method, has been introduced and has shown promising results for the clustering of utterances in dialogue. This paper introduces the infinite HMM, which is also a non-parametric Bayesian method, and verifies its effectiveness. We also analyze our clustering results to discuss how to derive useful insights for a better dialogue act design.
PIECEWISE-LINEAR DIFFUSION PROCESSES

Diffusion processes are often regarded as among the more abstruse stochastic processes, but diffusion processes are actually relatively elementary, and thus are natural first candidates to consider in queueing applications. To help demonstrate the advantages of diffusion processes, we show that there is a large class of one-dimensional diffusion processes for which it is possible to give convenient explicit expressions for the steady-state distribution, without writing down any partial differential equations or performing any numerical integration. We call these tractable diffusion processes piecewise linear; the drift function is piecewise linear, while the diffusion coefficient is piecewise constant. The explicit expressions for steady-state distributions in turn yield explicit expressions for long-run average costs in optimization problems, which can be analyzed with the aid of symbolic mathematics packages. Since diffusion processes have continuous sample paths, approximation is required when they are used to model discrete-valued processes. We also discuss strategies for performing this approximation, and we investigate when this approximation is good for the steady-state distribution of birth-and-death processes. We show that the diffusion approximation tends to be good when the differences between the birth and death rates are small compared to the death rates.
Forest of Fuzzy Decision Trees and Their Application in Video Mining

One of the great challenges today is to index videos with high-level semantic concepts or features. The basis of our approach is to use a fuzzy decision trees (FDT) to construct the heart of the system in order to reduce the need of human usage in the process of indexation. But when we address large, unbalanced, multiclass data sets, a single classifier - such as the FDT - is insufficient. Therefore we study the use of forests of fuzzy decision trees (FFDT): (a) its effectiveness for a high level feature detection task and (b) the effect on performance from number of classifiers point of view.