Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating Comparable Poverty Counts from Incomparable Surveys: Measuring Poverty in India

We develop a procedure to estimate poverty counts in India from the 55th Round of the Na- tional Sample Survey (NSS), a large household survey run in 1999-2000. The evidence suggests that a change in the survey design caused the reports on household expenditure to change to an extent that it is impossible, without adjustments, to compare poverty estimates from this survey with those obtained from previous NSS Rounds. More generally, the paper addresses the problem of comparing the distribution of a variable across differently designed surveys, when the different design causes the respondents' reports about the variable to be incomparable across the surveys. The proposed procedure requires only the existence of a set of auxiliary variables whose reports are not affected by the different survey design, and whose relation with the main variable of interest is stable across the surveys. The estimator, instead, does not require specific functional form assumptions on the relation between the main variable of interest and the auxiliary variable. In the context of NSS data, we identify a set of variables whose reports are not systematically affected by the changes implemented in the survey design, and we provide evidence of the stability over time of the distribution of per capita total expenditure conditional on these variables. We describe an experiment to evaluate the performance of the estimator, showing that it provides satisfactory results, both in the estimation of poverty counts and in the estimation of the density of per capita expenditure. Finally, we use our estimator to calculate adjusted estimates for poverty in India using data from the 1999-2000 NSS Survey. The results show a sharp reduction in poverty in the nineties, even if in rural areas the reduction is not as large as that implied by the unadjusted figures.
Rhombus Tilings of a Hexagon with Three Missing Border Triangles

The interest in rhombus tilings has emerged from the enumeration of plane partitions in a given box (which was first carried out by MacMahon [5]). The connection comes from looking at the stacks of cubes of a plane partition from the right direction and projecting the picture to the plane. Then the box becomes a hexagon, where opposite sides are equal, and the cubes become a rhombus tiling of the hexagon where the rhombi consist of two equilateral triangles (cf. [1]). Of course, one can also ask for the number of rhombus tilings, which do not come from plane partitions. In [6], Propp proposed several problems regarding ”incomplete” hexagons, i.e., hexagons, where certain triangles are missing. In particular, Problem 3 of [6] asks for a formula for the number of rhombus tilings of a hexagon with sides 2n, 2n + 3, 2n, 2n + 3, 2n, 2n+ 3 and angles 120, where the middle triangle is missing on each of the longer borders. The purpose of this paper is to derive the following more general result:
SubpathwayMiner: a software package for flexible identification of pathways

With the development of high-throughput experimental techniques such as microarray, mass spectrometry and large-scale mutagenesis, there is an increasing need to automatically annotate gene sets and identify the involved pathways. Although many pathway analysis tools are developed, new tools are still needed to meet the requirements for flexible or advanced analysis purpose. Here, we developed an R-based software package (SubpathwayMiner) for flexible pathway identification. SubpathwayMiner facilitates sub-pathway identification of metabolic pathways by using pathway structure information. Additionally, SubpathwayMiner also provides more flexibility in annotating gene sets and identifying the involved pathways (entire pathways and sub-pathways): (i) SubpathwayMiner is able to provide the most up-to-date pathway analysis results for users; (ii) SubpathwayMiner supports multiple species (∼100 eukaryotes, 714 bacteria and 52 Archaea) and different gene identifiers (Entrez Gene IDs, NCBI-gi IDs, UniProt IDs, PDB IDs, etc.) in the KEGG GENE database; (iii) the system is quite efficient in cooperating with other R-based tools in biology. SubpathwayMiner is freely available at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SubpathwayMiner/.
Crosstalk Enhancement in 32 nm FD SOI MOSFET using HR Substrate and Multilayer BOX

In this paper, the crosstalk in 32 nm UTB SOI MOSFET is examined by using a new structure, a high resistivity substrate, and a multilayer BOX (SiO2-Diamond). The electrical and thermal characteristics of the conventional SOI and a multilayer BOX SOI are compared, and it is concluded that parasitic capacitances and crosstalk are improved by incorporating multilayer BOX to a HR Substrate. In a conventional HR FD SOI, crosstalk is approximately -121dB, while by incorporating multilayer BOX substrate and increasing the thickness of the Diamond to 100nm, crosstalk can be reduced by 20%. KEYWORD: Ultra Thin Body Silicon-on-Insulator MOSFET, Parasitic Capacitance, High Resistivity Substrate, Crosstalk, Diamond. 1. INTRUDUCTION Due to the scaling of MOSFETs in the nanometer
Near-infrared–to–visible highly selective thermal emitters based on an intrinsic semiconductor

A Si nanorod array enables the concentration of thermal emission in the near-infrared range while suppressing other components. Control of the thermal emission spectra of emitters will result in improved energy utilization efficiency in a broad range of fields, including lighting, energy harvesting, and sensing. In particular, it is challenging to realize a highly selective thermal emitter in the near-infrared–to–visible range, in which unwanted thermal emission spectral components at longer wavelengths are significantly suppressed, whereas strong emission in the near-infrared–to–visible range is retained. To achieve this, we propose an emitter based on interband transitions in a nanostructured intrinsic semiconductor. The electron thermal fluctuations are first limited to the higher-frequency side of the spectrum, above the semiconductor bandgap, and are then enhanced by the photonic resonance of the structure. Theoretical calculations indicate that optimized intrinsic Si rod-array emitters with a rod radius of 105 nm can convert 59% of the input power into emission of wavelengths shorter than 1100 nm at 1400 K. It is also theoretically indicated that emitters with a rod radius of 190 nm can convert 84% of the input power into emission of <1800-nm wavelength at 1400 K. Experimentally, we fabricated a Si rod-array emitter that exhibited a high peak emissivity of 0.77 at a wavelength of 790 nm and a very low background emissivity of <0.02 to 0.05 at 1100 to 7000 nm, under operation at 1273 K. Use of a nanostructured intrinsic semiconductor that can withstand high temperatures is promising for the development of highly efficient thermal emitters operating in the near-infrared–to–visible range.
Bregman's Chimerae: Music Perception as Auditory Scene Analysis

Research into the perception and cognition of music listening often contains implicit assumptions about the nature of the underlying mental representations, and about the relationship between "auditory processing" and "music perception". We attempt to highlight and problemitize some of these assumptions and to provide a more cognitively appropriate model for music perception and cognition, based on models from the field of Computational Auditory Scene Analysis. We provide initial evidence for the appropriateness of this model by describing several existing and novel auditory/musical phenomena. Finally, we describe some of the new questions such a model raises, and propose certain experiments which might be used to answer them.
Implementing IT Service Management: Lessons Learned from a University IT Department

This chapter presents and analyzes a real life ITIL project, and it is based on a longitudinal case study. The purpose is to illustrate how the ITIL process reference model for some processes may be used almost as a blueprint, while ITIL for other processes may be profoundly adapted to suit the context and the needs of the implementer. Furthermore, the success factors and the impediments for successful implementation are discussed. As this case shows, although processes are being well defined and the ITIL project is being regarded by management as a success, employees may after all decide not to follow the adapted processes. The study finds that ITIL implementation will not be effective unless the organizational and cultural aspects of process change are being taken care of. This chapter will especially inform practitioners about how ITIL may be utilized and how an implementation project might be organized.
The Measurement Of Farm-Specific Technical Efficiency

Measures of technical efficiency were estimated using a stochastic translog production frontier for a sample of rainfed rice farmers in Bicol, Philippines. These estimates were farm specific as opposed to being based on deviations from an average sample efficiency. A wide variation in the level of technical efficiencies (0.4 â€“ 0.9) were observed. Differences between farms in technical efficiency were significantly related to method of crop establishment, fertilizer use and access to extension services.
Cell Type–Specific Localization of Transcripts Encoding Nine Consecutive Enzymes Involved in Protoberberine Alkaloid Biosynthesis

Molecular clones encoding nine consecutive biosynthetic enzymes that catalyze the conversion of l-dopa to the protoberberine alkaloid (S)-canadine were isolated from meadow rue (Thalictrum flavum ssp glaucum). The predicted proteins showed extensive sequence identity with corresponding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of related benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in other species, such as opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). RNA gel blot hybridization analysis showed that gene transcripts for each enzyme were most abundant in rhizomes but were also detected at lower levels in roots and other organs. In situ RNA hybridization analysis revealed the cell type–specific expression of protoberberine alkaloid biosynthetic genes in roots and rhizomes. In roots, gene transcripts for all nine enzymes were localized to immature endodermis, pericycle, and, in some cases, adjacent cortical cells. In rhizomes, gene transcripts encoding all nine enzymes were restricted to the protoderm of leaf primordia. The localization of biosynthetic gene transcripts was in contrast with the tissue-specific accumulation of protoberberine alkaloids. In roots, protoberberine alkaloids were restricted to mature endodermal cells upon the initiation of secondary growth and were distributed throughout the pith and cortex in rhizomes. Thus, the cell type–specific localization of protoberberine alkaloid biosynthesis and accumulation are temporally and spatially separated in T. flavum roots and rhizomes, respectively. Despite the close phylogeny between corresponding biosynthetic enzymes, distinct and different cell types are involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in T. flavum and P. somniferum. Our results suggest that the evolution of alkaloid metabolism involves not only the recruitment of new biosynthetic enzymes, but also the migration of established pathways between cell types.
Energy efficiency in energy harvesting cooperative networks with self-energy recycling

Cooperative communication has been identified as an important component in the 5G system. This paper considers a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying wireless cooperative network, in which the self-energy recycling relay is powered by radio-frequency (RF) signal from the source and its transmitted power from the loop-back channel. The harvested energy is used to support the relay transmissions. Based on a self-energy recycling relaying protocol, we study the optimization of energy efficiency in wireless cooperative networks. Although the formulated optimization problem is not convex, it can be re-constructed to a parametric problem in the convex form by using the non-linear fractional programming, to which closed form solutions can be found by using the Lagrange multiplier method. The simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of this solution proposed in this paper.
Endogenous spillovers and the per-formance of research joint ventures

The authors present a model of R&D with endogenous spillovers and demonstrate that noncooperation can produce maximal spillovers. The only other noncooperative outcome is minimal spillovers. When noncooperation achieves maximal spillovers so does a research joint venture (RJV), whereas minimal noncooperative spillovers imply partial--but not necessarily maximal--spillovers by an RJV. Partial RJV spillovers are chosen for anticompetitive reasons and an RJV may also close a lab for anticompetitive reasons. The possibility of anticompetitive outcomes is precluded in the existing literature on RJVs which focuses on symmetric outcomes. The authors' model predicts when anticompetitive behavior by an RJV arises. Copyright 1998 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Exploring the Monodic Fragment of First-Order Temporal Logic using Clausal Temporal Resolution

Until recently, first-order temporal logic has been little understood. While it is well known that the full logic has no finite axiomatisation, a more detailed analysis of fragments of the logic was not available. Howeve r, a breakthrough by Hodkinson et.al., identifying a finitely axiomatisable frag ment, termed themonodicfragment, has led to improved understanding of first-order temporal logic. Following this result, the clausal temporal resolution techniq ue, originally developed for propositional temporal logics, has been extend ed to such monodic fragments. While this is useful as a practical proof technique fo r certain monodic classes, in this paper we show that the use of clausal temporal r esolution provides us with increased understanding of the monodic fragment. In p articular, several features of monodic first-order temporal logic are establishe d as corollaries of the completeness result for the clausal temporal resolution method . T ese include definitions of new decidable monodic classes, simplification of existin g monodic classes by reductions, an extension of finite axiomatisability beyon d the monodic fragment.
The relationships among principal leadership, school culture, and student achievement in Missouri middle schools

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relative impact of transformational leadership and school culture on student achievement. The population of this study consisted of 79 middle schools, defined in this study as schools with a grade configuration of 6 through 8, within the state of Missouri. Quantitative data were collected from two instruments, the Principal Leadership Questionnaire (Jantzi & Leithwood, 1996) and the School Culture Survey (Gruenert, 1998), and analyzed to determine if (a) any zero-order or partial correlations existed among the factors of transformational leadership, school culture, and student achievement; (b) if any predictive linear relationships existed between transformational leadership and school culture; (c) if any predictive linear relationships existed between school culture and student achievement; and, (d) if any predictive linear relationships existed between transformational leadership and school culture in combination and student achievement. The study found, when controlling for socioeconomic status using the percent of students eligible for free and reduced lunch as the proxy measure, transformational leadership and school culture correlated to student achievement. Using regression analysis, the transformational leadership factors of “Modeling,” “Goal Acceptance,” and “Individualized Support” were identified as predictors of the school culture factor of
Ranking the technical dimensions of e-banking service quality evaluation models using Analytical Hierarchy Process

With the expansion of internet, delivering e-services are rapidly growing in the bank industry. Therefore improving e-service quality for delivering better services is one of the most important areas of activity for banks. One of the most important aspects of e-service quality is the technical aspect, so the aim of this paper is to evaluate these dimensions of e-service quality for identifying the most important dimensions. Therefore we first reviewed e-banking service quality models to identify technical aspects then ranked them with AHP method. Base on the results, we identified 8 major dimensions which the most important ones are security with a score of 0.226, technical sufficiency with a score of 0.131, and reliability with a score of 0.128. Regarding to the findings the least important dimension is outcome quality with a score of 0.089.
Traffic simulation using web information of activities location

Information of Activities location is critical for traffic simulation based on activity. To replace time-consuming manual acquisition, this paper proposes an information extraction method based on ontology and frequent subtree to acquire place-related information from the Web automatically. A destination selection model based on Nested Logit is established to use this information in traffic simulation. To verify the method and model, information of places within Zhongguancun area is acquired from the Web, and then experiments with uniform design are carried out on artificial transportation systems and regression analysis is done.
Molecular Interpretation of ACTH-β-Endorphin Coaggregation: Relevance to Secretory Granule Biogenesis

Peptide/protein hormones could be stored as non-toxic amyloid-like structures in pituitary secretory granules. ACTH and β-endorphin are two of the important peptide hormones that get co-stored in the pituitary secretory granules. Here, we study molecular interactions between ACTH and β-endorphin and their colocalization in the form of amyloid aggregates. Although ACTH is known to be a part of ACTH-β-endorphin aggregate, ACTH alone cannot aggregate into amyloid under various plausible conditions. Using all atom molecular dynamics simulation we investigate the early molecular interaction events in the ACTH-β-endorphin system, β-endorphin-only system and ACTH-only system. We find that β-endorphin and ACTH formed an interacting unit, whereas negligible interactions were observed between ACTH molecules in ACTH-only system. Our data suggest that ACTH is not only involved in interaction with β-endorphin but also enhances the stability of mixed oligomers of the entire system.
Minimizing Cache Misses in Scientific Computing Using Isoperimetric Bodies

A number of known techniques for improving cache performance in scientific computations involve the reordering of the iteration space. Some of these reorderings can be considered coverings of the iteration space with sets having small surface-to-volume ratios. Use of such sets may reduce the number of cache misses in computations of local operators having the iteration space as their domain. First, we derive lower bounds on cache misses that any algorithm must suffer while computing a local operator on a grid. Then, we explore coverings of iteration spaces of structured and unstructured discretization grid operators which allow us to approach these lower bounds. For structured grids we introduce a covering by successive minima tiles based on the interference lattice of the grid. We show that the covering has a small surface-to-volume ratio and present a computer experiment showing actual reduction of the cache misses achieved by using these tiles. For planar unstructured grids we show existence of a covering which reduces the number of cache misses to the level of that of structured grids. Next, we introduce a class of multidimensional grids, called starry grids in this paper. These grids represent an abstraction of unstructured grids used in, for example, molecular simulations and the solution of partial differential equations. We show that starry grids can be covered by sets having a low surface-to-volume ratio and, hence have the same cache efficiency as structured grids. Finally, we present a triangulation of a three-dimensional cube that has the property that any local operator on the corresponding grid must incur a significantly larger number of cache misses than a similar operator on a structured grid of the same size.
New Multi-dimensional Association Rule in Mobile-Learning System

With the rapid development of Internet, Mobile-Learning System has created new ways for educators to communicate with learners. Mobile-Learning as a new mode of learning, the relationship between the study object and the subject and among the study main body and among the study object show multiple interaction and the construction, etc. This study model shows the advantages that the traditional model difficult to catch up with. Association rule mining is one of the most important fields in data mining and knowledge discovery in databases. Since Mobile-Learning System collects vast amounts of learners profile data, data mining and knowledge discovery techniques can be applied to find interesting relationships between attributes of learners, assessments, the solution strategies adopted by learners and so on. This paper puts forward an algorithm of mining Multi-dimensional Association Rule based on the combination of genetic algorithm and neural network(NGA). The new algorithm has the outstanding feature of fast searching. The experimental results show that this new algorithm has proven its significant performance in the sparse multidimensional association rule mining.
Finite element discretization and Newton-multigrid solution techniques for the log-conformation reformulation ( LCR ) of viscoelastic flow problems ⋆

We present special numerical techniques for viscoelastic fluid flow utilizing a fully coupled monolithic multigrid finite element approach with consistent edge-oriented stabilization technique. The governing equations arise from the Navier-Stokes equations for the Oldroyd-B type of fluid with the help of the log-conformation reformulation (”Kupferman’s trick”) to allow a wide range of Weissenberg numbers. The resulting nonlinear system consists of 6 variables for velocity, pressure and the logarithm of the conformation stress tensor in 2D. The system is discretized in time by using a fully implicit second order accurate time integrator. In each time step, we have to solve a discretized system in space employing the high order finite element pair Q2/P1. We utilize the discrete damped Newton method with divided differences for handling the Jacobian, and apply a geometrical multigrid solver with a special Vanka smoother to handle the linear subproblems. Local refinement can be assigned at regions of interest to reduce the computational efforts. The presented methodology is implemented and validated for several well-known benchmark problems.