Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed resource allocation for femtocell interference coordination via power minimisation

This paper proposes a decentralized model for the allocation of modulation and coding schemes, subchannels and transmit power to users in OFDMA femtocell deployments. The proposed model does not rely on any exchanged information between cells, which is especially useful for femtocell networks. Coordination between femtocells is achieved through the intrinsic properties of minimising transmit power independently at each cell, which leads the network to self-organize into an efficient frequency reuse pattern. This paper also provides a two-level decomposition approach for solving this intricate resource assignment problem that is able to find optimal solutions at cell level in reduced periods of time. System-level simulations show a significant performance improvement in terms of user outages and network capacity when using the proposed distributed resource allocation in comparison with scheduling techniques based on uniform power distributions among subcarriers.
The conversion of benzyl penicillin to 6‐aminopenieillanie acid using an insoluble derivative of penieillin amidase

Penicillin amidase was extracted from Escherichia coli ATCC 9637, grown on phenylacetic, acid and glutamate, and purified by fractional ion with streptomycin sulphate, ammonium sulphate and polyethylene glycol, followed by chromatography on DEAE–cellulose. The purification factor was 100–200 × and the overall yield was about 115%. The enzyme was chemically attached to derivatives of cellulose and the kinetics of these insolubilized penicillin amidase preparations was investigated.
Association between ankle muscle strength and limit of stability in older adults.

SIR—Loss of balance and falls in the elderly constitute a major problem associated with human suffering as well as high costs for society [1]. Falls might occur during various daily activities, such as tripping or tangling the feet, reaching movements or bending [2]. Many of these activities are constrained by limits of stability (LOS). LOS can be described as the maximum distance a person can intentionally displace his/her centre of gravity, and lean his/her body in a given direction without losing balance, stepping or grasping. Accordingly, one's LOS capacity is likely to be an important prerequisite for the successful planning and execution of movements such as using a step stool to reach into a high cabinet as well as bending over from standing position to pick up an object from the floor. Ageing is associated with decreased LOS [3–5], muscle strength [6] and foot sensation [7]. Investigators have reported significant correlations between postural stability, quadriceps, ankle dorsiflexion and hand-grip strength [8–11], tibialis anterior latency [8] and functional clinical balance testing [12] among older adults. However, the relationships between lower-limb muscle strength and falls are unclear. Several studies show minimal or no differences in strength between fallers and non-fallers [13, 14] while others show no strength–falls relationships [15]. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors at the soles of the feet contribute to postural stability when standing [16]. Those with reduced feet sensation have a higher risk of falling [17] and greater instability [18]. Reduced foot sensation may contribute to reduced LOS, since older adults might not properly detect when the centre of gravity approaches the LOS. To our knowledge, no one has studied how postural control during LOS relates to ankle strength and foot sensation among older adults. The aims of this study are to investigate how two specific tests of postural control, LOS and postural stability, relate to ankle muscle strength and foot sensation in older adults. Identification of sensorimotor factors associated with both types of balance control can help us to understand better the balance problems facing older adults. Given that LOS likely requires highly active muscular control and that postural stability requires careful sensory monitoring of stance, we hypothesised that ankle muscle strength (and not foot sensation) will be significantly correlated with LOS and that foot sensation (and not ankle muscle strength) will be significantly correlated with postural stability. Data from this study may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying falls that occur during reaching and bending movements.
Fertilization and early embryology: A cytosolic sperm factor triggers calcium oscillations and membrane hyperpolarizations in human oocytes

Intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and membrane potentials were measured in mature human oocytes. Injection of cytosolic extracts made from human or hamster spermatozoa triggered oscillations in [Ca2+]i in human oocytes similar to those described previously in mouse and hamster oocytes. In contrast, injection of carrier buffer caused no [Ca2+]i increase and injection of Ca(2+)-containing solutions caused only a single [Ca2+]i transient. Injection of human sperm extracts also triggered [Ca2+]i oscillations in mature mouse oocytes. The [Ca2+]i oscillations in human oocytes were accompanied by hyperpolarizations in membrane potential. Perfusing oocytes with the sulphydryl reagent thimerosal also caused oscillations in the free [Ca2+]i concentration simultaneously with membrane potential hyperpolarizations. These data suggest that human oocytes possess a similar mechanism for generating [Ca2+]i oscillations to those described in other mammalian oocytes and a membrane potential response similar to that seen previously specifically in hamster oocytes. The data also support the view that human oocytes are activated at fertilization by diffusion of a protein from the spermatozoa into the ooplasm after gamete membrane fusion.
Nanogap biosensors for electrical and label-free detection of biomolecular interactions

We demonstrate nanogap biosensors for electrical and label-free detection of biomolecular interactions. Parallel fabrication of nanometer distance gaps has been achieved using a silicon anisotropic wet etching technique on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with a finely controllable silicon device layer. Since silicon anisotropic wet etching resulted in a trapezoid-shaped structure whose end became narrower during the etching, the nanogap structure was simply fabricated on the device layer of a SOI wafer. The nanogap devices were individually addressable and a gap size of less than 60 nm was obtained. We demonstrate that the nanogap biosensors can electrically detect biomolecular interactions such as biotin/streptavidin and antigen/antibody pairs. The nanogap devices show a current increase when the proteins are bound to the surface. The current increases proportionally depending upon the concentrations of the molecules in the range of 100 fg ml−1–100 ng ml−1 at 1 V bias. It is expected that the nanogap developed here could be a highly sensitive biosensor platform for label-free detection of biomolecular interactions.
Iron-overload-related disease in HFE hereditary hemochromatosis.

BACKGROUND Most persons who are homozygous for C282Y, the HFE allele most commonly asssociated with hereditary hemochromatosis, have elevated levels of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Diseases related to iron overload develop in some C282Y homozygotes, but the extent of the risk is controversial. METHODS We assessed HFE mutations in 31,192 persons of northern European descent between the ages of 40 and 69 years who participated in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study and were followed for an average of 12 years. In a random sample of 1438 subjects stratified according to HFE genotype, including all 203 C282Y homozygotes (of whom 108 were women and 95 were men), we obtained clinical and biochemical data, including two sets of iron measurements performed 12 years apart. Disease related to iron overload was defined as documented iron overload and one or more of the following conditions: cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, elevated aminotransferase levels, physician-diagnosed symptomatic hemochromatosis, and arthropathy of the second and third metacarpophalangeal joints. RESULTS The proportion of C282Y homozygotes with documented iron-overload-related disease was 28.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.8 to 40.2) for men and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.03 to 6.5) for women. Only one non-C282Y homozygote (a compound heterozygote) had documented iron-overload-related disease. Male C282Y homozygotes with a serum ferritin level of 1000 mug per liter or more were more likely to report fatigue, use of arthritis medicine, and a history of liver disease than were men who had the wild-type gene. CONCLUSIONS In persons who are homozygous for the C282Y mutation, iron-overload-related disease developed in a substantial proportion of men but in a small proportion of women.
Dynamics of solar active region loops

It has been frequently observed that in solar active regions the measured line widths are larger than those based on thermal equilibrium widths. This excess width (characterised as non-thermal velocity, V-nt) has been proposed as a signature of the heating mechanism. The behaviour of the V-nt at coronal temperatures has not produced consistent results with values ranging from 0 to 100 km s(-1). We investigate this problem by using joint observations from Norikura Solar Observatory, Japan and the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on SOHO. With CDS we determine temperatures, and with Norikura we obtain accurate line widths for Fe XIV (approximate to 2 MK). We find that values of V-nt range between 10-20 km s(-1). We analyse the dynamical behaviour of different temperature loops and find that for loops with Log T-e < 5.8, the variability oc T-e(0.39). This is comparable to the dependence of non-thermal velocity on temperature which we have determined to be V-nt proportional to T-e(0.35). This suggests that the excess line broadening is caused by highly dynamical behaviour in the transition region for active regions. These results have significant implications for potential heating mechanisms and these are discussed.
Reliability of a Field Test of Defending and Attacking Agility in Australian Football and Relationships to Reactive Strength

Abstract Young, WB and Murray, MP. Reliability of a field test of defending and attacking agility in Australian football and relationships to reactive strength. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 509–516, 2017—Defending and attacking agility tests for Australian football do not exist, and it is unknown whether any physical qualities correlate with these types of agility. The purposes of this study were to develop new field tests of defending and attacking agility for Australian Rules football, to determine whether they were reliable, and to describe the relationship between the agility tests to determine their specificity. Because the reactive strength (RS) of the lower limb muscles has been previously correlated with change-of-direction speed, we also investigated the relationship between this quality and the agility tests. Nineteen male competitive recreational-level Australian Rules football players were assessed on the agility tests and a drop jump test to assess RS. Interday and interrater reliability was also assessed. The agility tests involved performing 10 trials of one-on-one agility tasks against 2 testers (opponents), in which the objective was to be in a position to tackle (defending) or to evade (attacking) the opponent. Both agility tests had good reliability (intraclass correlation > 0.8, %CV < 3, and no significant differences between test occasions [p > 0.05], and interrater reliability was very high [r = 0.997, p < 0.001]). The common variance between the agility tests was 45%, indicating that they represented relatively independent skills. There was a large correlation between RS and defending agility (r = 0.625, p = 0.004), and a very large correlation with attacking agility (r = 0.731, p < 0.001). Defending and attacking agility have different characteristics, possibly related to the footwork, physical, and cognitive demands of each. Nonetheless, RS seems to be important for agility, especially for attacking agility.
Modeling and Compilation Aspects of Fault Diagnosis Complexity

Model-based diagnosis (MBD) is a promising approach for fast and accurate diagnosis of root cause of failure for complex systems. Critical success factors in MBD are accurate realism of the model and diagnostic inference speed. Both success factors are inherently at conflict. In this paper we demonstrate how to model system components that are typically found in technical systems in a qualitative approach, thereby limiting the need for more variables as well as increased domain resolution. Furthermore we outline the computational trajectory from model to diagnosis, in which we distinguish between (offline) model compilation to an intermediate representation, and the subsequent (on-line) diagnosis step, based on actual observations. We use the fuel system of an Airbus 330 and a scenario based on a real-life incident as leading example. The results show that our framework is well suited for qualitative models and that these models provide a realistic representation and accurate diagnosis. From our results we conclude that the selected knowledge representation can speed-up the diagnostic process to up to two orders of magnitude.
Complementary UV-Absorption of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids and Scytonemin is Responsible for the UV-Insensitivity of Photosynthesis in Nostoc flagelliforme

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and scytonemin are UV-screening compounds that have presumably appeared early in the history of life and are widespread in cyanobacteria. Natural colonies of the UV-insensitive Nostoc flagelliforme were found to be especially rich in MAAs (32.1 mg g DW−1), concentrated in the glycan sheath together with scytonemin. MAAs are present in the form of oligosaccharide-linked molecules. Photosystem II activity, measured using PAM fluorescence and oxygen evolution, was used as a most sensitive physiological parameter to analyse the effectiveness of UV-protection. Laboratory experiments were performed under controlled conditions with a simulated solar radiation specifically deprived of UV-wavebands with cut-off filters (295, 305, 320, 345 and 395 nm). The UV-insensitivity of N. flagelliforme was found to cover the whole UV-A (315–400 nm) and UV-B (280–320 nm) range and is almost certainly due to the complementary UV-absorption of MAAs and scytonemin. The experimental approach used is proposed to be suitable for the comparison of the UV-protection ability in organisms that differ in their complement of UV-sunscreen compounds. Furthermore, this study performed with a genuinely terrestrial organism points to the relevance of marine photoprotective compounds for life on Earth, especially for the colonization of terrestrial environments.
Local features for object class recognition

In this paper, we compare the performance of local detectors and descriptors in the context of object class recognition. Recently, many detectors/descriptors have been evaluated in the context of matching as well as invariance to viewpoint changes (Mikolajczyk and Schmid, 2004). However, it is unclear if these results can be generalized to categorization problems, which require different properties of features. We evaluate 5 state-of-the-art scale invariant region detectors and 5 descriptors. Local features are computed for 20 object classes and clustered using hierarchical agglomerative clustering. We measure the quality of appearance clusters and location distributions using entropy as well as precision. We also measure how the clusters generalize from training set to novel test data. Our results indicate that attended SIFT descriptors (Mikolajczyk and Schmid, 2005) computed on Hessian-Laplace regions perform best. Second score is obtained by salient regions (Kadir and Brady, 2001). The results also show that these two detectors provide complementary features. The new detectors/descriptors significantly improve the performance of a state-of-the art recognition approach (Leibe, et al., 2005) in pedestrian detection task
Emotion Affective Color Transfer

The word emotion includes a wide range of observable behaviors, expressed feelings, and changes in the body state. Emotion recognition is one of the most important factors in emotional ICT. In most of these technologies on emotion recognition, features are extracted from the image, speech and bio-signals. In this paper, we suggest the system of emotion affective color transfer. To recognize human emotion, we use feature based facial expression recognition. Suggested system can be affected Image contents according to individual emotion. To emotionally transfer image contents, we analyze color, shape and stroke information. Emotion affective system can be used various multimedia contents such as music, movie and game.
Paraprofessional Support for Pregnant & Parenting Women

PurposeTo review evidence regarding the role of paraprofessional support in improving maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant and parenting women. Although support provided by significant others (social support), by professionals, and by paraprofessionals are frequently considered together in literature reviews, this is inappropriate because the components of the support in each case differ. Data SourcesData were limited to published studies. Searches of computerized databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsychLit, Social sciences abstracts, Social sciences citation, and Social work abstracts), hand searches of journals, and backward searches from reference lists of studies were conducted. Nursing, medicine, psychology, public health, sociology, and social work literatures were searched. Study SelectionThe studies included had statistically significant outcomes of paraprofessional support to pregnant and parenting women. Studies were published in 1985 or later, were conducted in the United States or Canada, and included maternal and/or infant outcomes. Data ExtractionData were extracted from each study concerning the theoretical framework, design, sample, measuring instruments, interventions, and outcomes. ConclusionsPrograms providing paraprofessional support to childbearing women are clearly providing an important service, but empirical evidence is not adequate to determine which specific paraprofessional program works for a specific population of women to achieve the best long-term outcomes for both women and children. Although proponents of paraprofessional support programs for pregnant and parenting women have reported some successes, more data are needed. Researchers should continue to conduct well-designed and controlled studies to compare outcomes from the three types of support. Nurses in practice should build on services provided by paraprofessionals in order to meet women's need for support and to achieve desired outcomes.
Mobility of bodies in contact. I. A 2nd-order mobility index for multiple-finger grasps

Using a configuration-space approach, the paper develops a 2nd-order mobility theory for rigid bodies in contact. A major component of this theory is a coordinate invariant 2nd-order mobility index for a body, B, in frictionless contact with finger bodies A/sub 1/,. A/sub k/. The index is an integer that captures the inherent mobility of B in an equilibrium grasp due to second order, or surface curvature, effects. It differentiates between grasps which are deemed equivalent by classical 1st-order theories, but are physically different. We further show that 2nd-order effects can be used to lower the effective mobility of a grasped object, and discuss implications of this result for achieving new lower bounds on the number of contacting finger bodies needed to immobilize an object. Physical interpretation and stability analysis of 2nd-order effects are taken up in the companion paper.
Memory optimizations for packet classification algorithms in FPGA

Packet classification algorithms are widely used in network security devices. As network speeds are increasing, the demand for hardware acceleration of packet classification in FPGAs or ASICs is growing. Nowadays hardware architectures can achieve multigigabit speeds only at the cost of large data structures, which can not fit into the on-chip memory. We propose novel method how to reduce data structure size for the family of decomposition architectures at the cost of additional pipelined processing with only small amount of logic resources. The reduction significantly decreases overhead given by the Cartesian product nature of classification rules. Therefore the data structure can be compressed to 10% on average. As high compression ratio is achieved, fast on-chip memory can be used to store data structures and hardware architectures can process network traffic at significantly higher speed.
The impact of recovery mechanisms on the likelihood of saving corrupted state

Recovery systems must save state before a failure occurs to enable the system to recover from the failure. However, recovery will fail if the recovery system saves any state corrupted by the fault. The frequency and comprehensiveness of how a recovery system saves state has a major effect on how often the recovery system inadvertently saves corrupted state. This paper explores and measures that effect. We measure how often software faults in the application and operating system cause real applications to save corrupted state when using different types of recovery systems. We find that generic recovery techniques, such as checkpointing and logging, work well for faults in the operating system. However, we find that they do not work well for faults in the application because the very actions taken to enable recovery often corrupt the state upon which successful recovery depends.
A Bayesian Model for Detecting Past Recombination Events in DNA Multiple Alignments

Most phylogenetic tree estimation methods assume that there is a single set of hierarchical relationships among sequences in a data set for all sites along an alignment. Mosaic sequences produced by past recombination events will violate this assumption and may lead to misleading results from a phylogenetic analysis due to the imposition of a single tree along the entire alignment. Therefore, the detection of past recombination is an important first step in an analysis. A Bayesian model for the changes in topology caused by recombination events is described here. This model relaxes the assumption of one topology for all sites in an alignment and uses the theory of Hidden Markov models to facilitate calculations, the hidden states being the underlying topologies at each site in the data set. Changes in topology along the multiple sequence alignment are estimated by means of the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate. The performance of the MAP estimate is assessed by application of the model to data sets of four sequences, both simulated and real.
Constraint to Adaptive Evolution in Response to Global Warming

We characterized the genetic architecture of three populations of a native North American prairie plant in field conditions that simulate the warmer and more arid climates predicted by global climate models. Despite genetic variance for traits under selection, among-trait genetic correlations that are antagonistic to the direction of selection limit adaptive evolution within these populations. Predicted rates of evolutionary response are much slower than the predicted rate of climate change.