Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Moderating Role of Gender and Compulsive Buying Tendencies in the Cultivation Effects of TV Show and TV Advertising: A Cross Cultural Study Between the United States and South Korea

Cultivation effect has been one of the dominant theories in mass communication studies to explain the impact of television contents on viewers. Using cross-cultural samples from the United States (n = 298) and South Korea (n = 1,136), we investigated two major research themes: (a) the direct impact of television shows (i.e., dramas and movies) and television advertising on the audience's perceived "fear of crime" and perceived "materialistic society," and (b) the resonance (moderating) role of gender and compulsive buying tendency on the cultivation effects. Using structural equation modeling, we found evidence of cultivation effects in both cultures. The results also suggest that the cultivation effects of television shows and television ads on viewers' perceived fear of crime and perceptions of a materialistic society are stronger for females than for males in the two cultures. Finally, viewers' compulsive buying tendencies are found to be a moderator between television advertising and perceptions of a materialistic society in Korea, whereas such moderating impact is not significant in the United States. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Quadratus Lumborum Block Nomenclature and Anatomical Considerations

To the Editor: We congratulate Murouchi et al 1 on their article addressing the duration and cutaneous distribution of the quadratus lumborum (QL) block. Their results suggest that it may be more effective than the ultrasound-guided lateral transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block; clearly, further research into this novel block technique is warranted. However, it is important to note that current literature on the QL block encompasses at least 3 different approaches, with authors using varying nomenclature in describing the block that was performed. The first description of the block was as a posterior TAP block, whereby local anesthesia was injected at the anterolateral margin of the QLmuscle using an anteroposterior needle trajectory. Blanco and McDonnell later termed this approach the “QL1 block” as a means of distinguishing it from an alternative “QL2 block” approach involving injection posterior to the QL muscle. Børglum et al have described yet another approach, the “transmuscular QL block,” where the needle is advanced in a posteroanterior trajectory through the latissimus dorsi and QL muscle, with injection performed anterior to the QL muscle where it abuts the psoas major muscle.
Detecting and supporting known item queries in online public access catalogs

When users seek to find specific resources in a digital library, they often use the library catalog to locate them. These catalog queries are defined as known item queries. As known item queries search for specific resources, it is important to manage them differently from other search types, such as area searches. We study how to identify known item queries in the context of a large academic institution's online public access catalog (OPAC), in which queries are issued via a simple keyword interface. We also examine how to recognize when a known item query has retrieved the item in question. Our approach combines techniques in machine learning, language modeling and machine translation evaluation metrics to build a classifier capable of distinguishing known item queries and correctly classifies titles for whether they are the known item sought with an 80% and 95% correlation to human performance, respectively on each task. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such work, which has the potential to streamline the user interface of both OPACs and digital libraries in support of known item searches
In Vitro Transformation of Mouse Bone-Marrow-Derived (B) Lymphocytes Induced by the Lipid Component of Endotoxin

An analysis of which component of lipopolysaccharide, the lipid or the polysaccharide, is mitogenic for mouse B-lymphocytes has been performed. A purified glycolipid derived from a rough mutant of Salmonella minnesota (R595) that does not contain any o-polysaccharide at all is more mitogenic than an intact lipopolysaccharide derived from a smooth strain of S. minnesota. Results using fractions produced by several different chemical modifications of whole lipopolysaccharide confirm this result. Acid hydrolysis separates lipopolysaccharide into two components. The lipid fraction is mitogenic, whereas the polysaccharide fraction is not. Those procedures which degrade or modify only the lipid moiety while preserving the antigenic integrity of the polysaccharide also destroy mitogenicity. These include alkaline hydrolysis and deacylation by a more specific treatment with potassium methylate. The lipid preparations are fully active on highly purified B-lymphocyte populations (prepared by anti-theta antiserum and complement), whereas they have no effect on highly purified T-lymphocyte populations (prepared by anti-immunoglobulin and complement). These data demonstrate that the lipid moiety of endotoxin is the B-lymphocyte mitogen, whereas the polysaccharide has no demonstrable mitogenic activity.
Choice of weapon or weapon of choice? Examining the interactions between victim characteristics in single-victim male sexual homicide offenders

As most studies report that the majority of sexual homicide offenders (SHOs) prefer to kill with their own hands, research has largely neglected to examine the choice of weapon by these offenders. The US Supplementary Homicide Reports show that although a large number of SHOs murder their victim using personal weapons (e.g. bare hands and manual or ligature strangulation), the majority use an alternative weapon (e.g. edged weapons, contact weapons, and firearms). The present study hypothesises that the choice of weapon is in part influenced by victim characteristics. To identify specific combinations and interactions between victim characteristics and the choice of a personal or edged weapon during the commission of a sexual homicide, a combination of exhaustive chi-square automatic interaction detector and conjunctive analysis is used on a sample of 2,472 single-victim male SHOs from a 36-year period of Supplementary Homicide Report data (1976-2011). FINDINGS show that SHOs choose their weapon according to some victim characteristics. Implications of the findings are discussed in light of police suspect prioritisation. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
WORK–LIFE BALANCE IN EUROPE: A RESPONSE TO THE BABY BUST OR REWARD FOR THE BABY BOOMERS?

ABSTRACT The academic analysis of work–life balance (WLB) has too often followed the public policy debate without sufficient reflection on its origins, the accuracy of the assumptions it tends to make, or the analytical adequacy of the concepts it uses. This paper suggests that what are usually assumed to be the causes of the debate (longer hours and greater stress at work, along with the collapse of the male breadwinner division of parenting and employment responsibilities within couples) are nothing of the sort. Rather the debate's origins lie in states’ concerns about demographic trends, especially low and falling fertility, which they fear threatens the future of the labour supply and viable dependency ratios between those in work and those dependent upon them. The WLB debate can thus be seen as part of a specifically liberal discourse about ‘population ageing’ that seeks to legitimate the rolling back of a welfare state by arguing that current levels of support cannot be sustained in a globalising world. This analysis reveals two new features of WLB policies. First, most are quite contradictory. What makes them popular (such as enabling the ‘baby boomer’ generation to withdraw from work on favourable terms) also makes them unlikely to address their goal of specifically supporting parenting and avoiding a ‘baby bust’. Conversely effective support for parenting may require far more fundamental change than most WLB policies envisage. Second, demographic change has heightened the importance of the inter-generational transfer of resources between those now retired from employment, those currently in it, and those yet to enter it. This reveals a key feature of WLB policies to be how far these transfers are socialised or left to the family.
Transport of oxygen in muscle.

Red muscles, despite access to an infinite reservoir of air and drawing their oxygen supply from alveolar air of Po, = 100 torr, actually operate in sustained steady states of volume-average sarcoplasmic oxygen pressure near 3 torr. At these oxygen pressures, sarcoplasmic myoglobin is partially sat­ urated with oxygen; intracellular myoglobin offers an endogenous probe of sarcoplasmic oxygen pressure. The heart and red skeletal muscles can vary their rate of work and their rate of steady state oxygen utilization 20-fold in response to sustained demand. Most (at least 85%) of the oxygen consumed by muscle is used for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (89). That the rate of mitochondrial ATP genesis can also vary 20-fold follows logically. Here we ask how the massive and variable flow of oxygen to muscle mitochondria is achieved at near-constant low sarcoplasmic oxygen pressure. We address intracellular events within the myocyte with particular attention to the role of myoglobin. We report the facts and let them speak and draw inferences as closely as possible to the experimental findings. In passing, we allude to some mathematical or numerical treatments of oxygen transport and diffusion but do not attempt a critical review or analysis. The role of myoglo­ bin in oxygen supply to muscle, pioneered by Millikan (86), is reviewed elsewhere (73, 125, 133, 134). Also, the molecular mechanism of in­ tracellular myoglobin function is discussed in greater detail in an upcoming review (1. B. Wittenberg, B. A. Wittenberg, in preparation).
Melanoma patient-derived xenografts accurately model the disease and develop fast enough to guide treatment decisions

The development of novel therapies against melanoma would benefit from individualized tumor models to ensure the rapid and accurate identification of biomarkers of therapy response. Previous studies have suggested that patient-derived xenografts (PDXes) could be useful. However, the utility of PDXes in guiding real-time treatment decisions has only been reported in anecdotal forms. Here tumor biopsies from patients with stage III and IV metastatic malignant melanoma were transplanted into immunocompromised mice to generate PDXes. 23/26 melanoma biopsies generated serially transplantable PDX models, and their histology, mutation status and expression profile resembled their corresponding patient biopsy. The potential treatment for one patient was revealed by an in vitro drug screen and treating PDXes with the MEK inhibitor trametinib. In another patient, the BRAF mutation predicted the response of both the patient and its corresponding PDXes to MAPK-targeted therapy. Importantly, in this unselected group of patients, the time from biopsy for generation of PDXes until death was significantly longer than the time required to reach the treatment phase of the PDXes. Thus, it could be clinically meaningful to use this type of platform for melanoma patients as a pre-selection tool in clinical trials.
Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF Testing on Tuberculosis Management and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients in Uganda

Rationale The clinical impact of Xpert MTB/RIF for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in high HIV-prevalence settings is unknown. Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy and impact of Xpert MTB/RIF among high-risk TB suspects. Methods We prospectively enrolled consecutive, hospitalized, Ugandan TB suspects in two phases: baseline phase in which Xpert MTB/RIF results were not reported to clinicians and an implementation phase in which results were reported. We determined the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF in reference to culture (solid and liquid) and compared patient outcomes by study phase. Results 477 patients were included (baseline phase 287, implementation phase 190). Xpert MTB/RIF had high sensitivity (187/237, 79%, 95% CI: 73–84%) and specificity (190/199, 96%, 95% CI: 92–98%) for culture-positive TB overall, but sensitivity was lower (34/81, 42%, 95% CI: 31–54%) among smear-negative TB cases. Xpert MTB/RIF reduced median days-to-TB detection for all TB cases (1 [IQR 0–26] vs. 0 [IQR 0–1], p<0.001), and for smear-negative TB (35 [IQR 22–55] vs. 22 [IQR 0–33], p = 0.001). However, median days-to-TB treatment was similar for all TB cases (1 [IQR 0–5] vs. 0 [IQR 0–2], p = 0.06) and for smear-negative TB (7 [IQR 3–53] vs. 6 [IQR 1–61], p = 0.78). Two-month mortality was also similar between study phases among 252 TB cases (17% vs. 14%, difference +3%, 95% CI: −21% to +27%, p = 0.80), and among 87 smear-negative TB cases (28% vs. 22%, difference +6%, 95% CI: −34 to +46%, p = 0.77). Conclusions Xpert MTB/RIF facilitated more accurate and earlier TB diagnosis, leading to a higher proportion of TB suspects with a confirmed TB diagnosis prior to hospital discharge in a high HIV/low MDR TB prevalence setting. However, our study did not detect a decrease in two-month mortality following implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF possibly because of insufficient powering, differences in empiric TB treatment rates, and disease severity between study phases.
Computational Modeling of Music Cognition and Musical Creativity

This chapter is about computational modelling of the process of musical composition, based on a cognitive model of human behaviour. The idea is to try to study not only the requirements for a computer system which is capable of musical composition, but also to relate it to human behaviour during the same process, so that it may, perhaps, work in the same way as a human composer, but also so that it may, more likely, help us understand how human composers work. Pearce et al. (2002) give a fuller discussion of the motivations behind this endeavour. We take a purist approach to our modelling: we are aiming, ultimately, at a computer system which we can claim to be creative. Therefore, we must address in advance the criticism that usually arises in these circumstances: “a computer can’t be creative because it can only do what it has explicitly been programmed to do”. This argument does not hold, because, with the advent of machine learning, it is no longer true that a computer is limited to what its programmer explicitly tells it, especially in an unsupervised learning task like composition (as compared with the usually-supervised task of learning, say, the piano). Thus, a creative system based on machine learning can, in principle, be given credit for creative output, much as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is deemed the creator of the Magic Flute, and not Leopold Mozart,Wolfgang’s father, teacher and de facto agent.
Atg9 is required for intraluminal vesicles in amphisomes and autolysosomes

ABSTRACT Autophagy is an intracellular recycling and degradation process, which is important for energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, physiological stress response and organism development. During Drosophila development, autophagy is up-regulated in fat body and midgut cells, to control metabolic function and to enable tissue remodelling. Atg9 is the only transmembrane protein involved in the core autophagy machinery and is thought to have a role in autophagosome formation. During Drosophila development, Atg9 co-located with Atg8 autophagosomes, Rab11 endosomes and Lamp1 endosomes-lysosomes. RNAi silencing of Atg9 reduced both the number and the size of autophagosomes during development and caused morphological changes to amphisomes/autolysosomes. In control cells there was compartmentalised acidification corresponding to intraluminal Rab11/Lamp-1 vesicles, but in Atg9 depleted cells there were no intraluminal vesicles and the acidification was not compartmentalised. We concluded that Atg9 is required to form intraluminal vesicles and for localised acidification within amphisomes/autolysosomes, and consequently when depleted, reduced the capacity to degrade and remodel gut tissue during development. Summary: The disappearance of intraluminal vesicles in amphisomes/autolysosomes upon Atg9 depletion suggests that Atg9 has a specific role in intraluminal vesicle formation in autophagic compartments.
Managing the Context Interaction Problem: A Classification and Design Space of Conflict Resolution Techniques in Dynamically Adaptive Software Systems

The context interaction problem occurs in dynamically adaptive software systems whenever adaptations to different contexts provide incompatible behaviour, as they were not foreseen to occur simultaneously. Several strategies have been proposed to resolve such conflicts when they occur. This paper surveys a number of such conflict resolution strategies, and proposes a design space in which to classify, compare, and explain the differences between them.
A METHOD FOR COMPARING EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SYNCHRONIZING PROTOCOLS ON MAMMALIAN CELL CYCLE TRAVERSE

After treatment of Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) with various protocols for synchrony induction, the subsequent ability of cells to traverse the cell cycle (i e., to perform, an essential cell cycle process) has been determined by measurement of the DNA distribution pattern among cells in large populations with the Los Alamos flow microfluorometer In the cultures prepared by the various synchronizing techniques the vast majority of cells traversed the cell cycle in a normal fashion; however, in all cultures examined there remained small subpopulations which, though remaining viable for several days, could not carry out normal traverse. After reversible inhibition of DNA synthesis by means of a double-thymidine blockade, approximately 17% of the cells were unable to complete genome replication. After reversal of G1 arrest resulting from cultivation of cells in isoleucine-deficient medium, 12 4% of the cells commenced synthesis of DNA but were unable to complete the S phase. Cells prepared by mitotic selection yielded a subpopulation (5 5% of the total cells) with a G1 DNA content which remained viable but noncycling for at least 5 days. We propose a term "traverse perturbation index" which is defined as the fraction of cells converted to a noncycle-traversing state as the result of experimental manipulation. A knowledge of the perturbation index will allow direct comparison of effects on cell cycle traverse of various synchrony-induction protocols
A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study of service utilization and costs in fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE To study, for the first time, service utilization and costs in fibromyalgia, a prevalent syndrome associated with high levels of pain, functional disability, and emotional distress. METHODS Five hundred thirty-eight fibromyalgia patients from 6 rheumatology centers were enrolled in a 7-year prospective study of fibromyalgia outcome. Patients were assessed every 6 months with validated, mailed questionnaires which included questions regarding fibromyalgia symptoms and severity, utilization of services, and work disability. RESULTS Fibromyalgia patients averaged almost 10 outpatient medical visits per year, and when nontraditional treatments were considered, this number increased to approximately 1 visit per month. Patients were hospitalized at a rate of 1 hospitalization every 3 years. In each 6-month study period, patients used a mean of 2.7 fibromyalgia-related drugs. Costs increased over the course of the study. The mean yearly per-patient cost in 1996 dollars was $2,274. However, results were skewed by high utilizers, and many patients used few services and had limited costs. Total costs and utilization were independently associated with the number of self-reported comorbid or associated conditions, functional disability, and global disease severity. Compared with patients with other rheumatic disorders, those with fibromyalgia were more likely to have lifetime surgical interventions, including back or neck surgery, appendectomy, carpal tunnel surgery, gynecologic surgery, abdominal surgery, and tonsillectomy, and were more likely than other rheumatic disease patients to report comorbid or associated conditions. Almost 50% of hospitalizations occurring during the study were related to fibromyalgia-associated symptoms. CONCLUSION The average yearly cost for service utilization among fibromyalgia patients is $2,274. Fibromyalgia patients have high lifetime and current rates of utilization of all types of medical services. They report more symptoms and comorbid or associated conditions than patients with other rheumatic conditions, and symptom reporting is linked to service utilization and, to a lesser extent, functional disability and global disease severity.
Women with disabilities in leadership: The challenges of patriarchy

abstract In Africa women with disabilities remain marginalised and struggle to claim their fundamental human rights as enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. This focus explores the experiences of women with disabilities in leadership positions in disabled people's organisations (DPOs) in Zimbabwe. A group of eight women leaders with disabilities in DPOs in Harare and Bulawayo were interviewed for the study over a period of three months during 2011. This article focuses on the core themes that emerged. Discussion of their challenges and experiences reveals the complexity of the interface between disability and culture, which created dynamic intersections between patriarchy and the gendered power relations experienced by the participants. Their experiences suggest that patriarchy continues to restrain full participation of women in leadership in DPOs in Zimbabwe, which is consistent with the global trend. Implications for exercising of leadership by women with disabilities who are active in the disability movement are also considered.
Prevalence of anemia in children 1 to 12 years of age. Results from a nationwide probabilistic survey in Mexico.

OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology and analyze factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in a probabilistic sample of the Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición 1999 (ENN-99) [National Nutritional Survey 1999 (NNS-99)]. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample included 8,111 children aged 1 to 12 years, and was nationally representative by rural and urban strata and by four geographical regions. Capillary hemoglobin was measured using a portable photometer (HemoCue). The analysis of the determining factors of anemia was performed by odds ratios derived from a logistic regression model and multiple regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of anemia was 50% in infants < 2 years of age, with no significant differences between urban and rural strata or among regions. It varied between 14 and 22% in 6-11 year-old children and was higher in the South region and among the indigenous children. Dietary intake of iron was 50% of the recommended daily allowance in children < 2 years of age, but not in older children. Phytate ( approximately 500-800 mg/d) and tannin (approximately 19 mg/d) intakes were very high in children over 7 years of age. Hemoglobin was positively associated with nutritional status of children (p = 0.01), socioeconomic status (p range 0.05-0.001), duration of lactation in children under 2 years of age (p = 0.1), and iron and calcium intake (p = 0.02), but not with folic acid or vitamin B12 intake. Hemoglobin was negatively associated with maternal education (p = 0.01) in older children, but not in those under 2 years of age. CONCLUSIONS We present evidence of an alarming national epidemic of anemia, particularly marked in children 12 to 24 months of age. The control of anemia should be considered as an urgent national concern given its grave consequences on the physical and mental development of these children and on their long-term health. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp. mx/salud/index.html.