Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of race and baseline PSA on longitudinal PSA

There is an increasing debate regarding the frequency of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing and the current primary screening modality used to detect prostate cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine whether PSA screening intervals should be based on initial PSA. Our study explores longitudinal changes of PSA levels in black and white males separately. Study participants were 768 white and 450 black males attending an annual prostate cancer screening. We fit a longitudinal repeated measures model separately for blacks and whites and estimated the probability of PSA converting to greater than 4.0 ng/ml at a follow‐up year given baseline PSA range among males without an abnormal DRE. Black and white males with a baseline PSA between 0 and 1.0 ng/ml, with a healthy or enlarged prostate, have a less than 1% chance that their PSA will increase above 4.0 ng/ml over the following 5 years. Black and white males with a PSA between 1.0 and 1.9 ng/ml have a less than 1% chance of PSA conversion to greater than 4.0 ng/ml over the next year. Our findings further support that annual screening for prostate cancer may not be necessary, specifically males with a baseline PSA less than 2.0 may not need to undergo annual screening. Our results suggest that race does not affect the longitudinal trend of PSA enough to warrant setting screening intervals based on race. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salmonella Promotes ASC Oligomerization-dependent Caspase-1 Activation

Innate immune cells sense and respond to the cytoplasmic infection of bacterial pathogens through NLRP3, NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome depending on the unique molecular pattern of invading pathogens. The infection of flagellin- or type III secretion system (T3SS)-containing Gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) triggers NLRC4-dependent caspase-1 activation leading to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and IL-18. Previous studies have shown that apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) is also required for Salmonella-induced caspase-1 activation, but it is still unclear how ASC contributes to the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome in response to S. typhimurium infection. In this study, we demonstrate that S. typhimurium triggers the formation of ASC oligomer in a potassium depletion-independent manner as determined by in vitro crosslinking and in situ fluorescence imaging. Remarkably, inhibition of potassium efflux failed to block Salmonella-promoted caspase-1 activation and macrophage cell death. These results collectively suggest that ASC is substantially oligomerized to facilitate the activation of caspase-1 in response to S. typhimurium infection. Contrary to NLRP3 inflammasome, intracellular potassium depletion is not critical for NLRC4 inflammasome signaling by S. typhimurium.
Music Playlist Recommendation Based on User Heartbeat and Music Preference

In this paper, we present a new user heartbeat and preference aware music recommendation system. The system can not only recommend a music playlist based on the user’s music preference but also the music playlist is generated based on the user’s heartbeat. If the user’s heartbeat is higher than the normal heartbeat which is 60-100 beats per minutes (age 18 and over) or 70-100 beats per minutes (age 6-18), the system generates a user preferred music playlist using Markov decision process to transfer the user’s heartbeat back to the normal range with the minimum time cost; if the user’s heartbeat is normal, the system generates a user preferred music playlist to keep the user’s heartbeat within the normal range; If the user’s heartbeat is lower than the normal heartbeat, the system generates a user preferred music playlist using Markov decision process to uplift the user’s heartbeat back to the normal range with the minimum time cost.
Is the Relationship Between AP ® Participation and Academic Performance Really Meaningful?

Overview Strong academic performance in college, as measured by first-year grades, is important for a host of reasons, but perhaps the most critical reason is that students who perform well in their first year of college are more likely to earn a bachelor’s degree (Adelman, 2006). Research shows that Advanced Placement Program® (AP®) students, particularly those who earn higher AP Exam scores, are likely to earn higher first-year grade point averages (GPAs) and higher subject-area GPAs in college than students who do not take an AP Exam. A recent study found that students who earned an AP Exam score of 3 or higher on one or more AP Exams earned firstyear GPAs at four-year institutions that were . 15 higher, on average, than students who did not take an AP Exam or a dual enrollment course (Wyatt, Patterson, & Di Giacomo, in press). Another recent study found that, compared to students who did not take an AP Exam, AP Biology students who scored a 5 on the AP Biology Exam earned first-year GPAs that were . 10 higher, and documented . 24 and . 21 higher first-year GPAs for students scoring 5s on the AP Chemistry Exam and AP Physics Exam, respectively (Kaliski & Godfrey, in press). But how much of a GPA effect is meaningful?
The Old Days, Hot Groups, and Managers' Lib.

My thanks to Jean Lipman-Blumen for many helpful ideas and criticisms. This essay describes McGregor's group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the forties and the group at Carnegie's Graduate School of Industrial Administration in the sixties, both of which showed the lively, task-obsessed characteristics of "hot groups. " Both totally occupied the hearts and minds of their participants, both held to high standards, and both were extremely productive. While such innovating groups arise in many other places, they have long been suppressed within traditional organizations. Now they are beginning to sprout even in those unwelcoming environments, as the fast-changing world forces organizations to loosen structures and liberate managers. Researchers might well study the conditions supportive of hot groups' growth in large organizations, including our academic institutions. '
Nedskärningens betydelse för kvarvarande medarbetares motivation och lärande.

Sammanfattning: Personalnedskarningar ar vanliga och har blivit allt mer betydelsefulla fenomen i svenskt arbetsliv. Under 1990-talet blev detta allt vanligare och allt storre grupper anstallda fick lamna sina arbeten, for att organisationen inte klarade av att ha kvar alla sina anstallda i den radande lagkonjunkturen. Man pratar ofta om hur den uppsagda personalen mar, vi har darfor istallet valt att titta narmare pa den kvarvarande personalen. Syfte: Vart syfte var att analysera nedskarningen betydelse for kvarvarande medarbetares motivation och larande. Metod: Empirisk studie med kvalitativt angreppssatt. Resultat: Genom vart arbete har vi kunnat se att en nedskarning har betydelse for hur de kvarvarande anstalldas motivation paverkas och att man inte kan gora sa mycket for att forhindra detta, daremot kan man forhindra att all motivation forsvinner genom information och forstaelse fran ledningen. Det vi ocksa har kunnat se ar att larandet paverkas av hur foretaget ser och varderar det. Nyckelord: Personalnedskarningar, larande, motivation, organisationskultur, forandringsarbete, kommunikation.
Phleomycin, an inhibitor of replication of HeLa cells.

The antibiotic, phleomycin, exhibited 2 actions in synchronized cultures of HeLa cells: inhibition of DNA synthesis, and prevention of cell division. The agent's main effect, blockage of cells entering mitosis, was observed in cultures in which almost all of the DNA had been replicated and was obtained with concentrations that affected DNA synthesis only slightly. Kinetic studies indicated that this phleomycin-sensitive step followed completion of DNA synthesis; microscopic evidence suggested that the agent prevented the cells from entering prophase. Phleomycin's action appears to be unique and of potential value in clarifying cellular processes essential for mitosis.
The influence of perceptual cues on how learners study a diagram

Diagrams are essential in education. Therefore it is useful to know how students perceive diagrams and learn from them. An important aspect in learning from diagrams is design, including perceptual cues, that may improve realizing relationships within the topic (Suthers, 2003), which leads to better recall and comprehension (Zinar, 1990). The objective of the current experiment was to investigate whether perceptual cues influence students study behavior and impact of their study behavior on recall. Participants studied one of two versions of a node-link diagram, only differing in the added perceptual cues: arrows pointing from left to right in one, and from top to bottom in the other condition. Participants received a recall-test and were interviewed on how they studied the diagram. The recall-test contained two sorts of questions: one half of the questions required orientation on the characteristics in the top header, thus top-down, the other half required orientation on the personality disorders which were in the left header, thus left-right. The general results revealed that with regard to study behavior students don’t seem to be influenced by arrows, but have a tendency to study from left to right. Recall for information that was organized in the left-right order is better. Still, it remained unclear what this preference for left-right order is due to. It may be the organization of the material or someother variable, for example normal reading order. The self-reports showed that many participants chose their study behavior according to the content and not according to the perceptual cues. Key terms: diagrams, perceptual cues, eye-tracking
Myocardial Ischemia: Platelet and Thromboxane Concentrations in Cardiac Lymph and the Effects of Ibuprofen and Prostacyclin

Blood platelets have been implicated in several mechanisms leading to and/or modifying myocardial ischemia. Cardiac lymph examination allows insight into the extracellular fluid that is in equilibrium with the capillary blood. In order to obtain an index of platelet activation during coronary artery events in the awake chronic animal, we wished to ascertain whether evaluation of cardiac lymph would detect changes in platelet activation resulting from a vascular occlusion. The study used conscious dogs in which cardiac lymph vessels had been previously cannulated by openchest surgical protocol. The concentrations of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 and platelet counts were assessed in the cardiac lymph during the control period, the 10–60 minute occlusions, and the reperfusion periods. The same protocols were effected on another series of dogs after infusion of ibuprofen or prostacyclin. Initially, immunoreactive thromboxane B2 concentrations in the systemic blood and cardiac lymph were identical. A three-fold increase in immunoreactive thromboxane B2 concentrations occurred in untreated animals and was accompanied by a fall in platelet count in the lymph. The infusion of ibuprofen or prostacyclin, which inhibit platelet aggregation by different mechanisms, prevented both the decrease in platelets and the increase in immunoreactive thromboxane B2. In this study, intravascular events resulting from coronary occlusion invoke a rapid rise of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 in the extravascular fluid. A decrease in platelet escape into the extravascular compartment is interpreted as a result of intravascular aggregation promoting decreased platelet numbers. Thus, examination of continuously flowing cardiac lymph allows rapid detection of intravascular activation of platelets in the awake animal in the absence of surgical trauma.
Coordination changes demonstrated by subjects with hemiparesis performing hand-arm training using the NJIT-RAVR robotically assisted virtual rehabilitation system

Various authors have described pre and post testing improvements in upper limb coordination as a result of intensive upper limb interventions. While the ability to alter coordination patterns as a result of repetitive hand-arm movement is established, patterns of change in the relationship between proximal and distal effectors of the UE over the course of multiple sessions of training have not been described in the rehabilitation literature. In this study eight subjects (5 male, 3 female) with a mean age of 56.4 years (SD=14.2) and a mean time since CVA of 54.7 months post-stroke (SD=51.7) were trained for eight, 2–3 hour sessions on four robotically facilitated virtual rehabilitation activities. This paper will present 1) Functional performance and pre and post testing kinematic analysis for the eight subjects 2) More extensive analysis of the change in hand and arm coordination over the course of the eight session intervention demonstrated by one of the subjects from this sample 3) Kinematic analysis of another subject from this sample performing an un-trained reaching and grasping activity, before and after training.
Outcomes of Stent Thrombosis and Restenosis During Extended Follow-Up of Patients Treated With Bare-Metal Coronary Stents

Background— Concern regarding risk of late thrombosis after “off-label” treatment with drug-eluting stents has prompted increased use of bare-metal stents (BMS) in current practice. The sequelae of late BMS failures, however, have been poorly characterized. Methods and Results— We performed a retrospective study of 4503 consecutive patients treated with at least 1 BMS and dual antiplatelet therapy between 1994 and 2000. The cumulative incidence of stent thrombosis was 0.5% at 30 days (95% CI, 0.3% to 0.7%), 0.8% at 1 year (95% CI, 0.6% to 1.1%), and 2.0% at 10 years (95% CI, 1.5% to 2.5%). Risk of late (30 days to 1 year) and very late (>1 year) BMS thrombosis was increased among patients considered off label for drug-eluting stent use (P=0.024). When saphenous vein graft interventions were excluded, however, risk after off-label use was not significantly increased (P=0.23). Other correlates included vein graft intervention, prior myocardial infarction (MI), peripheral vascular disease, and ulcerated lesion (P<0.001). Mortality was markedly increased after late and very late BMS thrombosis, particularly during the first 30 days (hazard ratios, 22 [95% CI, 3.1 to 159] and 40 [95% CI, 15 to 107], respectively). The 10-year incidence of clinical restenosis was 18.1% (95% CI, 16.5% to 19.7%), presenting with MI in 2.1% (95% CI, 1.6% to 2.6%). Restenosis presenting with MI was associated with increased mortality compared with no restenosis (hazard ratio, 2.37; P<0.001) and with restenosis with a non-MI presentation (hazard ratio, 2.42; P<0.001). Conclusions— The incidence of BMS thrombosis and of MI caused by restenosis during extended follow-up is significant. Both complications are associated with mortality.
Decision Support Technique for Supply Chain Management

In this paper, we propose a method for supporting decision makers in the domain of supply chain management. Our objective is the global optimization instead of optimizing independent subsystems of the supply chain. The method architecture is based on combination of the simulation and optimization techniques which includes a multi-objectives optimization module and a simulation module. The optimization module is based on genetic algorithms and the simulation module uses effective alternative designs proposed by strategic and tactic decisions to find global optimal solution using the optimal scheduling solution proposed by the genetic algorithm for operational decisions. The experimental results show the efficiency and the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Gender differences in a prototypical analysis of psychopathy.

Psychopathy research has focused primarily on characteristics of male offenders. With little empirical knowledge on psychopathy in women, gender differences within psychopathy are not well understood. To gain a better understanding of these differences, the current study used prototypical analysis to compare ratings of 242 forensic experts when considering their most representative case of male or female psychopathy. The present study investigated gender differences for psychopathic traits and Cluster B personality disorder criteria. Most aspects of psychopathy were less prototypical of female psychopaths than males. In particular, the antisocial behavior facet does not appear to apply to males and females equally. The distinction between Cluster B disorders and psychopathy was more ambiguous in females than males; however, the affective deficits facet differentiated psychopathy from Cluster B disorders across genders. Current research also raises the question of potential diagnostic gender bias in the assessment of psychopathy.
A Single-Cell Analysis of Intrinsic Connectivity in the Rat Globus Pallidus

GABAergic neurons of the globus pallidus (GP) play critical roles in basal ganglia function by virtue of their widespread axonal projections to all parts of the basal ganglia. They also possess local axon collaterals. In view of the importance of GABAergic inputs in sculpting neuronal activity, we quantitatively characterized the local axon collaterals of individual GP neurons by in vivo recording, juxtacellular labeling, reconstruction, and light and electron microscopic analysis in the rat. All labeled GP neurons had similar firing properties and gave rise to local axon collaterals, the main synaptic targets of which were perikarya and primary dendrites. The neurons could be divided into two populations; neurons located within ∼100 μm of the striatopallidal border (“outer” neurons), which possess a mean of 264 local axonal boutons, and those located ∼100 μm or more from the striatopallidal border (“inner” neurons), which possess a mean of 581 local axonal boutons. The local axon collaterals gave rise to arborizations close to, or within, the parent dendritic field and arborizations located caudal, medial, and ventral to the parent neuron. The qualitative and quantitative differences in the connectivity of neurons located in the outer and inner regions of the GP underlie a complex microcircuitry that follows an asymmetric rostral to caudal organization. These data suggest that the GP should no longer be considered as an homogeneous relay nucleus that simply transmits striatal information to the subthalamic nucleus and basal ganglia output nuclei, but rather as a structure that can perform complex computations within its borders.
Hierarchical Multi-Authority and Attribute-Based Encryption Friend Discovery Scheme in Mobile Social Networks

In mobile social networks, to guarantee the security and privacy in the friend discovery process, we propose a hierarchical multi-authority and attribute-based encryption (ABE) friend discovery scheme based on ciphertext-policy (CP)-ABE. It employs character attribute subsets to achieve flexible fine-grained access control, which solves the problem of single-point failure and performance bottleneck. Performance analysis demonstrates the superiority of our scheme in terms of system initialization time and key generation time.
The effect of green spaces on cities with health and efficiency approach

Abstract. Being in modern space and increasing population and urbanization growth have turned the cities into the center of living gatherings and various activities and they are encountered with the shortage of public green spaces. By transition from modernity space and being in postmodern world and nostalgic sense in these spaces, the need of citizens to spend leisure time is increased and returning to green spaces in modern cities has caused that it has great social, mental and cultural effects on urban dwellers in these spaces. This study is based on descriptive-analytical method and besides explaining the importance of green space in current modern cities and the analysis of social, cultural and mental effects of development of these spaces; some recommendations and solutions are presented to improve urban management performance regarding the improvement of social, cultural and mental effects of urban green spaces in metropolises. The suitability of design of open space in various dimensions and its consistency with cultural, social, natural features and living conditions as the result of coordinated performance of various layers of city by affecting the behaviors of residents can make the neighbors comfortable and create intimate and good townships. The findings of the study are: Green spaces in cities above ecologic return have good effects in most of social and psychological fields but these spaces in case of weak urban management performance can provide some unsuitable functions. Urban green spaces and urban management affect each other as urban green space has no suitable function without active and sustainable urban management.
Part-of-Speech Induction From Scratch

This paper presents a method for inducing the parts of speech of a language and part-of-speech labels for individual words from a large text corpus. Vector representations for the part-of-speech of a word are formed from entries of its near lexical neighbors. A dimensionality reduction creates a space representing the syntactic categories of unambiguous words. A neural net trained on these spatial representations classifies individual contexts of occurrence of ambiguous words. The method classifies both ambiguous and unambiguous words correctly with high accuracy.
Formal entrepreneurial networks as communities of practice: a longitudinal case study

This article argues that entrepreneurial learning is genuinely connected to entrepreneurial networking activities, within a co-evolving dynamics. We take a longitudinal network approach to study the combined development of network dynamics and learning in a French formal entrepreneurial network over a period of 4 years (2005–2009). Our aim is to extend our knowledge of entrepreneurial learning emphasized both as a process and an outcome of social interaction, by focusing on the interplay between network evolution and the changing learning needs of participants over time. Building on a situated social perspective of entrepreneurial learning, we demonstrate that network learning processes and outcomes are contingent on the progressive network transformation from a social network to a community of practice.