Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The immune factors have complex causal regulation effects on bone mineral density

Recent evidence has gradually recognized that the immune and skeletal systems are two closely correlated systems, but the specific immune factors on bone mineral density (BMD) are largely unknown. Based on the summary-level data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we performed a series of analyses including two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test potential causal links between 731 immune traits [including median fluorescence intensities (MFIs), absolute cell (AC) counts, relative cell (RC) counts, and morphological parameters (MP)] and BMD. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, 9 MFI-BMD, 16 AC-BMD, 22 RC-BMD, and 5 MP-BMD pairs reached the level of significance (FDR-adjusted p< 0.05). For MFI traits, the T- and B-cell panels had the largest number of significant immune trait pairs than other panels. CD40, as a molecule expressed by four subsets of monocytes, was highlighted due to its consistently positive correlation with BMD at four sites. For both AC and RC traits, immune traits from the T-cell panel were also highlighted, with CD39-positive T-cell subsets being the most frequently observed feature. For MP traits, the most significant association immune trait with BMD was SSC-A on CD14+ monocyte. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the identified immune factors were robust to pleiotropy. Multivariable MR analysis confirmed the independent causal effect of several immune traits on BMD. Mediation analyses showed that CD40 on monocytes could mediate multiple immune traits, especially the suggestive associations of CD27 on several memory B cells with BMD mediated by CD40 on CD14+ CD16− monocyte. Our study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of the causal effects of immune traits on the risk of osteoporosis. The findings highlighted the complex and important role of immune-derived factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
Outcome predictors in COVID-19: An analysis of emergent systemic inflammation indices in Mexican population

Introduction The systemic viral disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a public health problem worldwide. Objective This study is aimed to evaluate the association and predictive value of indices of systemic inflammation with severity and non-survival of COVID-19 in Mexican patients. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 807 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Clinical characteristics, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severity according to PaO2/FiO2 ratio, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and non-survival outcome were considered to assess the predictive value and the association of 11 systemic inflammatory indices derived from hematological parameters analyzed at the hospital admission of patients. The receiver operating characteristics curve was applied to determine the thresholds for 11 biomarkers, and their prognostic values were assessed via the Kaplan-Meier method. Results 26% of the studied subjects showed COVID-19 severe (PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 100), 82.4% required IMV, and 39.2% were non-survival. The indices NHL, NLR, RDW, dNLR, and SIRI displayed predictive values for severe COVID-19 and non-survival. NHL, SIRI, and NLR showed predictive value for IMV. The cut-off values for RDW (OR = 1.85, p < 0.001), NHL (OR = 1.67, p = 0.004) and NLR (OR = 1.56, p = 0.012) were mainly associated with severe COVID-19. NHL (OR = 3.07, p < 0.001), AISI (OR = 2.64, p < 0.001) and SIRI (OR = 2.51, p < 0.001) were associated with IMV support, while for non-survival the main indices associated were NHL (OR = 2.65, p < 0.001), NLR (OR = 2.26, p < 0.001), dNLR (OR = 1.92, p < 0.001), SIRI (OR = 1.67, p = 0.002) and SII (OR = 1.50, p = 0.010). The patients with an RDW, PLR, NLR, dNLR, MLR, SII, and NHL above the cut-off had a survival probability of COVID-19 50% lower, with an estimated mean survival time of 40 days. Conclusion The emergent systemic inflammation indices NHL, NLR, RDW, SII, and SIRI have a predictive power of severe COVID-19, IMV support, and low survival probability during hospitalization by COVID-19 in Mexican patients.
Environmental exposure to organophosphate esters and suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults: A mixture analysis

Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. We evaluated NAFLD using the US FLI to determine whether there is an association between urinary organophosphorus (OPE) levels and the “prevalence” of NAFLD in US individuals. Methods The current study included 1,102 people aged 20 years and older with information from the 2011–2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD was assessed using the U.S. FLI. Individual OPE metabolites and OPE combinations were linked to NAFLD using logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. All analyzes were carried out separately on males and females. The possible impacts of age, serum total testosterone (TT), and menopausal state, as well as the importance of the interaction term with exposure, were investigated using stratified analysis. Results Bis (2-chloroethyl) phosphate and bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate were associated with NAFLD in all males after adjusting for covariates (P < 0.05). A combination of OPEs (OPE index) was positively linked with NAFLD in the WQS analysis of all males (odds ratio for OPE index: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.19). Stratified analyzes for males revealed that considerable connections were largely confined to individuals over 60 years old or with low total testosterone. In women, the connection was limited and inconsistent, except for the OPE index, which was positively linked with NAFLD in post-menopausal women. Conclusions In this study, environmental exposure to OPE was linked to an elevated risk of NAFLD in males, particularly those over 60 years old or with low TT levels. Aside from the continuous positive connection of a combination of OPEs with NAFLD risk in post-menopausal women, these correlations were weaker in women. However, these findings should be taken with caution and verified in future investigations by collecting numerous urine samples in advance to strengthen OPE exposure estimates.
The impact of emotional context on neural substrates of respiratory sensory gating

Psychological challenges have been found to impact respiratory symptom perception in healthy individuals as well as in patients with various neurological disorders. Human respiratory sensory gating is an objective measure to examine respiratory sensory information processing of repetitive respiratory mechanical stimuli in the central nervous system. With this electrophysiological method, patients with higher anxiety levels showed reduced respiratory sensory gating function in the cortex, and increased symptom perception. In addition, positive emotional contexts were found to increase the respiratory sensory gating function using RREPs. However, neural substrates related to emotional impacts on respiratory sensory gating remain still unclear. In the present study, we examined the emotion processing of respiratory sensory gating using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesized that positive compared with neutral stimuli would result in reduced brain activations in cortical areas with the paired occlusion paradigm. Thirty-five healthy adults participated in this event-designed fMRI experiment. Paired inspiratory occlusions (two transient occlusions with a 500 ms inter-stimulus-interval are delivered during one inspiration) were provided using an external trigger outside of the scanner. At least 40 paired inspiratory occlusions were collected for each trial. The experiment contained three runs during which participants underwent 12 min for the paired inspiratory occlusion paradigm while watching a fixation cross (the control condition), neutral and positive emotional picture series. The order of emotional picture series was randomized across the participants. Our results revealed an overall trend of reduction of brain activity from the neutral (minus fixation) condition, to the pleasant (minus fixation) condition. For bilateral thalamus and primary visual cortices, there was no significant difference in neural activation between the two contrasts of pleasant (ContrastP–F) and neutral condition (ContrastN–F). The activation of the mid-cingulate and the orbitofrontal cortex was lower in ContrastP–F compared to ContrastN–F. In conclusion, our results suggest that emotional context, especially positive valence, modulates neural correlates in middle cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in terms of respiratory sensory gating. Future studies are recommended to test emotional impacts on respiratory sensations in patients with neurological disorders.
Large wavelength bandwidth Mach-Zehnder modulator based on optical intensity equalization structure

In this paper, we propose a large wavelength bandwidth Mach-Zehnder modulator based on light intensity equalization structure. The modulator is designed into a symmetric structure to increase the optical operating bandwidth. Besides, two auxiliary MZIs are connected to the respective phase shifters of the main modulator to balance the optical intensity in them. Compared with a conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator, this design has a larger optical operating bandwidth over 56.1 nm. Besides, the maximum extinction ratio of this modulator is 26.2dB, which is 12 dB higher than that of a conventional one. The dynamic extinction ratios at speed of 40Gbps are 4.10 dB in the wavelength of 1530nm and 4.02 dB in the wavelength of 1560 nm respectively. The 3 dB electro-optical bandwidth of this modulator under different voltages are almost consistent with the performance of the conventional one. All of these prove that this structural design can effectively increases the performance of Mach-Zehnder modulators.
Co-transduction of dual-adeno-associated virus vectors in the neonatal and adult mouse utricles

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer is an efficient method of gene over-expression in the vestibular end organs. However, AAV has limited usefulness for delivering a large gene, or multiple genes, due to its small packaging capacity (< 5 kb). Co-transduction of dual-AAV vectors can be used to increase the packaging capacity for gene delivery to various organs and tissues. However, its usefulness has not been well validated in the vestibular sensory epithelium. In the present study, we characterized the co-transduction of dual-AAV vectors in mouse utricles following inoculation of two AAV-serotype inner ear (AAV-ie) vectors via canalostomy. Firstly, co-transduction efficiencies were compared between dual-AAV-ie vectors using two different promoters: cytomegalovirus (CMV) and CMV early enhancer/chicken β-actin (CAG). In the group of dual AAV-ie-CAG vectors, the co-transduction rates for striolar hair cells (HCs), extrastriolar HCs, striolar supporting cells (SCs), and extrastriolar SCs were 23.14 ± 2.25%, 27.05 ± 2.10%, 57.65 ± 7.21%, and 60.33 ± 5.69%, respectively. The co-transduction rates in the group of dual AAV-ie-CMV vectors were comparable to those in the dual AAV-ie-CAG group. Next, we examined the co-transduction of dual-AAV-ie-CAG vectors in the utricles of neonatal mice and damaged adult mice. In the neonatal mice, co-transduction rates were 52.88 ± 3.11% and 44.93 ± 2.06% in the striolar and extrastriolar HCs, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in adult mice. In the Pou4f3+/DTR mice, following diphtheria toxin administration, which eliminated most HCs and spared the SCs, the co-transduction rate of SCs was not significantly different to that of normal utricles. Transgene expression persisted for up to 3 months in the adult mice. Furthermore, sequential administration of two AAV-ie-CAG vectors at an interval of 1 week resulted in a higher co-transduction rate in HCs than concurrent delivery. The auditory brainstem responses and swim tests did not reveal any disruption of auditory or vestibular function after co-transduction with dual-AAV-ie vectors. In conclusion, dual-AAV-ie vectors allow efficient co-transduction in the vestibular sensory epithelium and facilitate the delivery of large or multiple genes for vestibular gene therapy.
Ecological niche selection shapes the assembly and diversity of microbial communities in Casuarina equisetifolia L.

The plant microbiome profoundly affects many aspects of host performance; however, the ecological processes by which plant hosts govern microbiome assembly, function, and dispersal remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the bacterial and fungal communities in multiple compartment niches (bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, root endosphere, phylloplane, and leaf endosphere) of Casuarina equisetifolia L. at three developmental stages in Hainan Province, China. We found that microbiome assemblages along the soil–plant continuum were shaped by the compartment niches. Bacterial diversity and richness decreased from the soils to roots to leaves, with the highest network complexity found in the roots and the lowest found in the phylloplane. However, fungal diversity gradually increased from the soils to roots to phyllosphere, whereas fungal richness decreased from the soils to roots but increased from the roots to phyllosphere; the greatest network complexity was found in bulk soils and the lowest was found in the roots. Different biomarker taxa occurred in the different ecological niches. Bacterial and fungal communities exhibited distinct ecological functions; the former played important roles in maintaining plant growth and providing nutrients, whereas the latter predominantly decomposed organic matter. The bacterial community of C. equisetifolia mostly originated from bulk soil, whereas the fungal community was mainly derived from rhizosphere soil and air. Leaf endophytes were positively correlated with organic carbon, and root and soil microorganisms were positively correlated with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. Our findings provide empirical evidence for plant–microbiome interactions and contribute to future research on non-crop management and the manipulation of non-crop microbiomes.
John Henryism, psychological labor, and control-value theory: Race, ethnicity, and situational coping for student success

This study explored the integration of John Henryism—defined as effortful, active coping in response to environmental stress—into control-value theory. Specifically, we were interested in how this process differed among identity groups. We used measures of John Henryism (JHAC-12), control-value theory, and momentary engagement (Record of Experience) on a school-based task. Results demonstrated the following: identifying as a first-generation college student predicted John Henryism; value significantly predicted cognitive engagement and positive emotion; and perceived control lowered negative emotions. Identifying as a first-generation college student corresponded to higher levels of John Henryism and control. Identifying as female led to a decrease in positive emotions, but an increase in value. Similarly, identifying as a Black student was associated with a decrease in control, but also a decrease in negative emotions. Indirect effects showed that identifying as a first-generation college student led to an increase in John Henryism followed by (1) an increase in value, (2) an increase in perceived control, or (3) an increase in value with attendant positive emotions. Findings indicate that John Henryism integrates into control-value theory and contributes to momentary engagement on a school-based task.
Alexithymia increases effects of ego-depletion

Alexithymia is associated with deficiencies to identify, describe and express emotions, paucity of fantasies and an externally oriented cognitive style. The current studies provide evidence that alexithymia is also related to self-regulation processes and exacerbates effects of ego-depletion, a state where self-regulation resources are reduced due to previous acts of self-regulation. In Study 1, ego-depletion effects of a handgrip task on pain tolerance were increased by alexithymia. In Study 2, an emotion suppression task showed stronger effects of ego-depletion on a Stroop task in participants high rather than low in alexithymia, but only after suppression of emotions induced by negative and not positive pictures. The results imply that alexithymia increases susceptibility to ego-depletion effects, that consumption of self-regulatory resources has stronger consequences for people high in alexithymia and that they should experience special support in ways to replenish self-regulation resources.
Towards sustainable adaptation: A tool for estimating adaptation costs to climate change for smallholder farmers

Adaptation reduces the harmful effects of climate change. Nonetheless, the process of adaptation is associated with costs. If these costs are not managed accordingly, they have the potential to deter adaptation thereby impacting on its sustainability. Estimating adaptation costs to climate change provides vital information for decision-making among resource constrained smallholder maize farmers and enhances sustainable adaptation. However, there is no method for estimating adaptation costs that caters for the needs of smallholder maize farmers. Therefore, it was imperative to develop a context-specific tool for estimating adaptation costs for smallholder maize farmers using a bottom-up approach. Principles of quantification of theoretical constructs including conceptualization, operationalisation and attribute development were adopted in developing the tool for estimating adaptation costs to climate change. The tool is composed of three evaluation tools and three adaptation costs equations for the pre-, during- and post-adaptation phases, a total adaptation costs equation and a Summated Rating Scale for sustainability of adaptation activities. The tool is user-friendly, relatively easy to use, can be interpreted easily and modified to suit different smallholder farmers. It is hoped that the tool will assist smallholder maize farmers to consider all factors of critical importance before implementing adaptation plans and ensure reduced adaptation costs while enhancing sustainability.
Challenges to building youth's online safety knowledge from a family perspective: Results from a youth/parent dyad study

This paper overviews a dyadic study of youth knowledge and understandings of online privacy and risk and highlights challenges that the study reveals about youth online risk taking and privacy protective measures from a family perspective. A full overview of the qualitative, dyadic study of 40 youth/parent dyads is provided, with an emphasis on findings surrounding youth understandings, parent perceptions of youth understandings, and parents’ attempts to influence youth understandings. From these findings, we highlight two challenges to youth online risk taking and online privacy knowledge development: a disconnect between youth knowledge and their parents’ understanding of that knowledge; and confusion about when, how, and what youth should be taught about online privacy and risk.
282 Scribing: Lecture 12

From the gradient perspective, residual connection blocks help address the issue of vanishing gradients. The key to residual block is in the gradient formula: dH dx = dF dx + I. Thus, the baseline gradient is 1 and can avoid gradient vanishing. The pesudo-code is in Figure 1. Through skip-connection, a deeper network yields better accuracy unlike what happens in vanilla convNet, as shown in Figure 1.
Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models

Time varying correlations are often estimated with multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models that are linear in squares and cross products of the data. A new class of multivariate models called dynamic conditional correlation models is proposed. These have the (cid:143) exibility of univariate GARCH models coupled with parsimonious parametric models for the correlations. They are not linear but can often be estimated very simply with univariate or two-step methods based on the likelihood function. It is shown that they perform well in a variety of situations and provide sensible empirical results.
Path of exploring opportunities in a migrant workers returning- to home entrepreneurial ecosystem. Path of exploring opportunities in a migrant workers returning- to home entrepreneurial ecosystem

: With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, returning-home entrepreneurship has received increasing attention from social and academic circles. This paper adopted the method of descriptive statistics to analyze the current situation, and the process by which entrepreneurs in the returning-home entrepreneurship ecosystem participate in the development of entrepreneurial opportunities from two dimensions: resource acquisition and institutional support. This research adopted the method of social network analysis to explore the mechanism of opportunity development of each subject of the returning-home entrepreneurship ecosystem. The results showed that during the opportunity development of returning-home entrepreneurship, all the subjects in the returning-home entrepreneurship ecosystem participated with their own resources and capabilities and jointly promoted the development of opportunities. During the development of these opportunities, each subject in the returning-home entrepreneurship ecosystem participated in different ways and with different emphases. This paper enriched the integration research of returning-home entrepreneurship theory and innovation ecosystem theory, and provided a reference for realizing rural revitalization and promoting regional economic development.
Making DL-Lite Planning Practical (Extended Abstract)

Planning in the presence of background ontologies is a topic of long-standing interest in AI. It combines the problems of (1) belief update complexity and (2) state-space combinatorics. DL-Lite offers an attractive solution to (1), with belief updates possible at the ABox level. Indeed, it has been shown that DL-Lite planning can be compiled into the commonly used planning language PDDL. Yet that compilation was previously found to be infeasible for off-the-shelf planning systems. Here we analyze the reasons for this problem and find that the bottleneck lies in the planner pre-processes, in particular in the naïve DNF transformations used to compile the PDDL input into the planners' internal representations. Consequently, we design a PDDL pre-compiler realizing a polynomial DNF transformation. We leverage a particular PDDL language feature ("derived predicates") to avoid the need for excessive control structure. Our pre-compiler turns out to be quite effective: the previous bottleneck disappears, and experiments on a broad range of benchmarks demonstrate the first practical technology for DL-Lite planning.