Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LFSR Reseeding Methodology for Low Power and Deterministic Pattern

An efficient low power built-in self-test methodology based on linear feedback shift register reseeding is proposed. This new method divides each test cube into several blocks and encodes that cube into a new test cube. In the new encoded test cube, the nontransitional blocks which no specified bits is included or only one kind of specified bit (1 or 0) is encoded into only one bit (1, 0, or X). The proposed method can prevent all transitions in the non-transitional blocks and can reduce the number of the specified bits for the non-transitional blocks. Experimental results for the largest ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the power dissipation.
Friendship Paradox Redux: Your Friends Are More Interesting Than You

Feld's friendship paradox states that "your friends have more friends than you, on average. " This paradox arises because extremely popular people, despite being rare, are overrepresented when averaging over friends. Using a sample of the Twitter firehose, we confirm that the friendship paradox holds for >98% of Twitter users. Because of the directed nature of the follower graph on Twitter, we are further able to confirm more detailed forms of the friendship paradox: everyone you follow or who follows you has more friends and followers than you. This is likely caused by a correlation we demonstrate between Twitter activity, number of friends, and number of followers. In addition, we discover two new paradoxes: the virality paradox that states your friends receive more viral content than you, on average, and the activity paradox, which states your friends are more active than you, on average. " The latter paradox is important in regulating online communication.It may result in users having difficulty maintaining optimal incoming information rates, because following additional users causes the volume of incoming tweets to increase super-linearly.While users may compensate for increased information flow by increasing their own activity, users become information overloaded when they receive more information than they are able or willing to process. We compare the average size of cascades that are sent and received by overloaded and underloaded users. And we show that overloaded users post and receive larger cascades and they are poor detector of small cascades.
DOMINO: a database of domain–peptide interactions

Many protein interactions are mediated by small protein modules binding to short linear peptides. DOMINO () is an open-access database comprising more than 3900 annotated experiments describing interactions mediated by protein-interaction domains. DOMINO can be searched with a versatile search tool and the interaction networks can be visualized with a convenient graphic display applet that explicitly identifies the domains/sites involved in the interactions.
Economic and Ecological Approaches to Land Fragmentation: In Defense of a Much-Maligned Phenomenon

Land fragmentation, also known as pulverization (Clout 1972: 106), morcellement (De Vries 1974: 11-12), parcellization (Roche 1956), and scattering (Farmer 1960), is the type of land ownership pattern where "a single farm consists of numerous discrete parcels, often scattered over a wide area" (Binns 1950: 5). Another phenomenon, also known as land fragmenta­ tion, is the division of land into small farms (Clout 1972a: 41; Jacoby 1971: 265). In this paper I discwis the former. Fragmentation is described by agricultural policymakers as "the blackest of evils, to be prevented by legislative action as one would attempt to prevent prostitution or blackmail" (Farmer 1960: 225; cf CEC 1982: 4 1-42; Marsh & Swanney 1980: Ch. 3). Economists, on the other hand, have suggested that land fragmentation is adaptive under certain circumstances but becomes nonadaptive as technology and relative factor costs change (McClosky 1975a,b; O. Johnson 1970). Europeanist geographers, especially those who incorporate historical mate­ rial into their work, tend to agree with the economists. They see fragmenta­ tion as outdated. The size, shape, and distribution of Europe's fields are of medieval origin, and not well-suited to twentieth century machines and labor costs (Thorpe 1951 ; Houston 1953; Clout 1972 a,b; 1984; Schmook 1976; C. Smith 1978; O'Flanagan 1980; Grigg 1983). Non-Europeanist geographers (with anthropologists) usually stress the adaptive, functional role of land
Essential role of STAT3 in cytokine‐driven NF‐κB‐mediated serum amyloid A gene expression

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a sensitive marker of acute‐phase responses and known as a precursor protein of amyloid fibril in amyloid A (AA) (secondary) amyloidosis. Since the serum SAA level is also closely related to activity of chronic inflammatory disease and coronary artery disease, it is important to clarify the exact induction mechanism of SAA from the clinical point of view. Here we provide evidence that STAT3 plays an essential role in cytokine‐driven SAA expression, although the human SAA gene shows no typical STAT3 response element (RE) in its promoters. STAT3 and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) p65 first form a complex following interleukin (IL)‐1 and IL‐6 (IL‐1+6) stimulation, after which STAT3 interacts with nonconsensus sequences at a 3′ site of the SAA gene promoter's NF‐κB RE. Moreover, co‐expression of p300 with STAT3 dramatically enhances the transcriptional activity of SAA. The formation of a complex with STAT3, NF‐κB p65, and p300 is thus essential for the synergistic induction of the SAA gene by IL‐1+6 stimulation. Our findings are expected to aid the understanding of the inflammatory status of AA amyloidosis to aid development of a therapeutic strategy for this disease by means of normalization of serum SAA levels.
Multispike Interactions in a Stochastic Model of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity

Recently we presented a stochastic, ensemble-based model of spike-timing-dependent plasticity. In this model, single synapses do not exhibit plasticity depending on the exact timing of pre- and postsynaptic spikes, but spike-timing-dependent plasticity emerges only at the temporal or synaptic ensemble level. We showed that such a model reproduces a variety of experimental results in a natural way, without the introduction of various, ad hoc nonlinearities characteristic of some alternative models. Our previous study was restricted to an examination, analytically, of two-spike interactions, while higher-order, multispike interactions were only briefly examined numerically. Here we derive exact, analytical results for the general n-spike interaction functions in our model. Our results form the basis for a detailed examination, performed elsewhere, of the significant differences between these functions and the implications these differences have for the presence, or otherwise, of stable, competitive dynamics in our model.
One-dimensional, Multidimensional and Unidimensional Perspectives in a Multifunctional Device: Comparison of Three Models

Although a significant body of research on the acceptance of information systems has been conducted, few studies look at the acceptance of multifunctional devices. This study provides three models for analysing various functions within the device. The first model is the multifunctional one-dimensional model where factors are evaluated separately by each function. The second model, the enhanced multifunctional one-dimensional model, analyses factors not only by the function, but also theoretically formulates the relationship among intentions. The last model, the multidimensional model with unidimensional subconstructs, aggregates constructs from the same functions to measure higher level factors, i.e., constructs in the device level. The models are tested using a survey method. This study concludes that the latter two models offer an opportunity for researchers and practitioners to decide whether to evaluate each factor separately by each function and/or to aggregate constructs from the same functions to measure higher level factors.
A reinforcement learning based self-optimizing QoS controller framework for distributed services

QoS control is complicated by limited knowledge of system characteristics and continuous evolving features in modern distributed systems. In this paper, we propose a practical reinforcement learning based self-optimized QoS controller algorithm with the ability to guarantee differentiated average response time requirements for different service classes. The proposed solution consists of two key contributions: the reinforcement learning based self-optimizing control algorithm and full evaluations of this control algorithm. Experiments on the prototype show that standard reinforcement learning can learn and self- optimize the control knowledge efficiently in feasible training time with only partial system knowledge.
A Taste for Consistency and Survey Response Behavior

This article studies how a taste for consistency affects decision making. Our application is response behavior in surveys. In particular, we show that the inclusion of questions can affect answers to subsequent related questions. The reason is that participants want to respond in a consistent way. Studying three different surveys, we find a systematic effect of the inclusion of additional questions. The effects are large and reveal how easy survey responses can be manipulated. For example, we find that a subtle manipulation reduced the number of people who agreed that a murderer should be imprisoned for the rest of his life by more than 20 percentage points. (JEL codes: C83, C91, D03) Copyright The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Ifo Institute, Munich. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
Obsessional disorder and neurological illness

Obsessions and compulsions are mental experiences with a compelling quality which persistently intrude into consciousness. Although recognized by the patient as an abnormal and irrational product of his own mind, and resisted by him, he is incapable of expelling them. They may take the form of thoughts, images, fears, urges, desires, or acts. An obsessional illness is one where such symptoms dominate the clinical picture and are not associated with any underlying psychotic process or phase.
Ingested oat herb extract (Avena sativa) changes EEG spectral frequencies in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed at using quantitative assessment of human electric brain activity during mental work for determining acute effects of ingested oat herb extract on cognitive performance. DESIGN Within a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study, two dosages of a special oat preparation of Avena sativa herba (1250 or 2500 mg of Neuravena®) were compared to placebo. An electroencephalogram was recorded while the patient had eyes open for 6 minutes, eyes closed for 4 minutes, performance of a concentration test (d2) for 5 minutes, and performance of mental arithmetic (KLT) for 5 minutes. Source density was calculated and spectral frequency changes were averaged to give one value for each frequency range. RESULTS Using quantitative brain mapping technology (CATEEM®), main effects were observed in the left frontotemporal area, known to be involved in cognitive tasks. Statistically significant differences were observed during resting (lowering of spectral δ power) and during performance of the d2-concentration test (enhancement of spectral θ power) (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Also, during performance of mental arithmetic, greater enhancement of θ power was observed but only at a lower error probability (p = 0.115). No effects could be seen using the P300 paradigm during presentation of a visual stimulus. CONCLUSIONS These changes suggest that oat herb extract might be effective in healthy subjects, resulting in a positive impact on cognitive performance.
Cooperative spectrum sensing and signal detection in cognitive radio

Cognitive radio (CR) is expected to be the key enabling technology for increased spectrum utilization. As primary user activity is not spatially localized, a collaborative measure amongst multiple cognitive radio nodes has been suggested as a more accurate model of activity. This scheme was proposed to combat noise fading and shadowing as well as improves the probability of detection by collaborating to detect primary user signal. This paper studies cooperative spectrum sensing and signal detection in cognitive radio system by implementing hard decision combining in data fusion centre. Through computer simulation, we evaluate the performances of cooperative signal detection by employing OR and AND rules as decision combining. Energy detector is used to observe the presence of primary user signal. The results are compared to non-cooperative signal detection for evaluation. They show that greater than 10 dB of SNR and 15 collaborated users in cognitive radio system is optimal value for probability of detection.
Chips to Hits: microarray and microfluidic technologies for high-throughput analysis and drug discovery

Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Tel. : +1 617 253 3638; Fax: +1 617 258 8827; alik@mit.eduExpert Rev. Mol. Diagn.
A Holistic View of Personality: A Model Revisited

INTRODUCTION 428 ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING . 428 The Individual as an Intentional, Active Being 429 The Individual as a Biological Being 430 The Individual as a Social Being 431 CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSON ALITY RESEARCH . " " 431 Fragmentation : 431 Emphasis on Variables 432 Prediction 434 Unidirectional Causality ""'"'''''''''''''''''' 434 The Dominance of Methods and Statistics over Analysis of the Phenomena . 435 Theory vs Empirical Research " . " " "" 435 A HOUSTIC, DYNAMIC MODEL OF PERSONALITY 435 A Holistic View 436 Dynamic, Lawful Interaction 437 Psychological Functioning-A Dynamic Process 437 Levels of Dynamic Processes . 439
A modified sentinel lymph node technique combined with endoluminal loco‐regional resection for the treatment of rectal tumours: a 14‐year experience

After endoluminal loco‐regional resection (ELRR) by transanal endoscopic microsurgey (TEM) the N parameter may remain undefined. Nucleotide‐guided mesorectal excision (NGME) improves the lymph node harvest. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long‐term oncological results after ELRR with NGME.
Biophysically Based Modeling of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Gastrointestinal motility research is progressing rapidly, leading to significant advances in the last 15 years in understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying motility, following the discovery of the central role played by the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). As experimental knowledge of ICC physiology has expanded, biophysically based modeling has become a valuable tool for integrating experimental data, for testing hypotheses on ICC pacemaker mechanisms, and for applications in in silico studies including in multiscale models. This review is focused on the cellular electrophysiology of ICC. Recent evidence from both experimental and modeling domains have called aspects of the existing pacemaker theories into question. Therefore, current experimental knowledge of ICC pacemaker mechanisms is examined in depth, and current theories of ICC pacemaking are evaluated and further developed. Existing biophysically based ICC models and their physiological foundations are then critiqued in light of the recent advances in experimental knowledge, and opportunities to improve these models are identified. The review concludes by examining several potential clinical applications of biophysically based ICC modeling from the subcellular through to the organ level, including ion channelopathies and ICC network degradation.
Spiral Grid Routing for Load Balance in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, it is an important task to periodically collect data from an area of interest for time-sensitive applications. The sensed data must be gathered and transmitted to a base station for further processing to meet the end-user queries. Since the network consists of low-cost nodes with limited battery power, it is a challenging task to design an efficient routing scheme that can collect massive data and offer good performance in energy efficiency, and long network lifetimes. Grid structure was proposed for energy efficient data routing. Instead of propagating query messages from sink to all sensors to set up data forwarding information, the grid structure uses only sensors located at the grid points needed to acquire the forwarding information. In this paper, we propose a load balancing routing technique, called Spiral Grid Routing (SGR) protocol, to improve the performance of previous grid routing protocols. Simulation results show that SGR achieves a better solution in load balancing and therefore prolongs the network’s lifetime in wireless sensor networks.
Females Use Multiple Mating and Genetically Loaded Sperm Competition to Target Compatible Genes

Sauce for the Goose? Extra-pair copulations benefit males by increasing their potential number of offspring. However, whether they have adaptive significance for females has long been debated. Pryke et al. (p. 964), provided female finches four different scenarios to test when extra-pair copulations occurred and measured the paternity of the resulting offspring. By varying the potential fathers from a supposedly adaptive, compatible male through a neutral context, to a supposedly maladaptive scenario, females biased paternity to the extra-pair male when his contribution was adaptive and away from the extra-pair male when his contribution was maladaptive. Thus, despite bias in copulation frequency in favor of the social pair, cryptic female choice may show a fertilization bias toward compatible genes. Female birds that have multiple mates favor fertilization by the most genetically compatible father. Individuals in socially monogamous species may participate in copulations outside of the pair bond, resulting in extra-pair offspring. Although males benefit from such extra-pair behavior if they produce more offspring, the adaptive function of infidelity to females remains elusive. Here we show that female participation in extra-pair copulations, combined with a genetically loaded process of sperm competition, enables female finches to target genes that are optimally compatible with their own to ensure fertility and optimize offspring viability. Such female behavior, along with the postcopulatory processes demonstrated here, may provide an adaptive function of female infidelity in socially monogamous animals.
The Next Word on Verbal Ability.

Abstract : The recent literature on individual differences in verbal ability is reviewed. People who demonstrate generally high verbal comprehension are quicker and more accurate in identifying lexical items, and are more rapid in parsing sentences. They are not more sensitive to the general gist of a passage, and thus do not respond to priming from context more than do people of lesser verbal ability. The picture that emerges is that the person with good verbal ability is more aware of precisely what the linguistic message is, and how it can be manipulated independent of context. Thus the verbally competent person is better able to respond to the meaning of the message itself, and does not need to depend upon contextual cues to the extent that the less verbally competent person does.
RTM Gravity Forward-Modeling Using Topography/Bathymetry Data to Improve High-Degree Global Geopotential Models in the Coastal Zone

We apply the residual terrain modeling (RTM) technique for gravity forward-modeling to successfully improve high-resolution global gravity fields at short spatial scales in coastal zones. The RTM scheme is combined with the concept of rock-equivalent topography, allowing to use a single uniform constant mass-density in the RTM forward-modeling, both at land and sea. SRTM30_PLUS bathymetry is merged with higher-resolution SRTM V4.1 land topography, and expanded into spherical harmonics to degree 2160, yielding a new and consistent high-degree RTM reference surface. The forward-modeling performance is demonstrated in coastal zones of Greece and Canada using ground-truth vertical deflections, gravity from land and shipborne gravimetry, and geoid heights from GPS/leveling, with improvements originating from bathymetry clearly identified. We demonstrate that the SRTM30_PLUS bathymetry carries information on gravity field structures at spatial scales less than 5 arc minutes, which can be used to augment EGM2008 in (rugged) coastal zones, both over land and marine areas. This may be of value (i) to partially reduce the signal omission error in EGM2008/GOCE-based height transfer in areas devoid of dense gravity data, (ii) to fill the gap between land gravity and shipborne gravity along rugged coastlines, and (iii) for the development of next-generation altimetric gravity fields.
Block storage virtualization with commodity secure digital cards

Smartphones, tablets and other mobile platforms typically accommodate bulk data storage with low-cost, FAT-formatted Secure Digital cards. When one uses a mobile device to run a full-system virtual machine (VM), there can be a mismatch between 1) the VM's I/O mixture, security and reliability requirements and 2) the properties of the storage media available for VM block storage and checkpoint images. To resolve this mismatch, this paper presents a new VM disk image format called the Logging Block Store (LBS). After motivating the need for a new format, LBS is described in detail with experimental results demonstrating its efficacy. As a result of this work, recommendations are made for future optimizations throughout the stack that may simplify and improve the performance of storage virtualization systems on mobile platforms.
Replication of Alphaviruses: A Review on the Entry Process of Alphaviruses into Cells

Alphaviruses are small, enveloped viruses, ~70 nm in diameter, containing a single-stranded, positive-sense, RNA genome. Viruses belonging to this genus are predominantly arthropod-borne viruses, known to cause disease in humans. Their potential threat to human health was most recently exemplified by the 2005 Chikungunya virus outbreak in La Reunion, highlighting the necessity to understand events in the life-cycle of these medically important human pathogens. The replication and propagation of viruses is dependent on entry into permissive cells. Viral entry is initiated by attachment of virions to cells, leading to internalization, and uncoating to release genetic material for replication and propagation. Studies on alphaviruses have revealed entry via a receptor-mediated, endocytic pathway. In this paper, the different stages of alphavirus entry are examined, with examples from Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus, Chikungunya virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus described.
Stereovision system for overhead travelling crane workspace visualization — Validation approach

This paper presents the concepts of the stereovision system equipped with only one camera with adaptation allowing to obtain full stereo picture for acquirement a digital model of the transport device workspace. Special author's care was focused on the system validation, having regard its specific architecture. The present stereovision system is part of Autonomous Navigation System solutions, dedicated to the overhead travelling cranes. All tests were conducted on the physical model of overhead travelling crane with hosting capability 150kg.