Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VIRO-TypeNed, systematic molecular surveillance of enteroviruses in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2014

VIRO-TypeNed is a collaborative molecular surveillance platform facilitated through a web-based database. Genetic data in combination with epidemiological, clinical and patient data are shared between clinical and public health laboratories, as part of the surveillance underpinning poliovirus eradication. We analysed the combination of data submitted from 2010 to 2014 to understand circulation patterns of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) of public health relevance. Two epidemiological patterns were observed based on VIRO-TypeNed data and classical surveillance data dating back to 1996: (i) endemic cyclic, characterised by predictable upsurges/outbreaks every two to four years, and (ii) epidemic, where rare virus types caused upsurges/outbreaks. Genetic analysis suggests continuous temporal displacement of virus lineages due to the accumulation of (silent) genetic changes. Non-synonymous changes in the antigenic B/C loop suggest antigenic diversification, which may affect population susceptibility. Infections were frequently detected at an age under three months and at an older, parenting age (25–49 years) pointing to a distinct role of immunity in the circulation patterns. Upsurges were detected in the summer and winter which can promote increased transmissibility underlying new (cyclic) upsurges and requires close monitoring. The combination of data provide a better understanding of NPEV circulation required to control and curtail upsurges and outbreaks.
The Rules of the Game and the Uncertain Transmission of Advantage

Empirical research on cultural and social capital has generally ignored the key role of institutions in setting standards that determine the contingent value of this capital. Furthermore, many studies presume that the yielding of profit from cultural, social, and economic capital is automatic. Bourdieu’s concept of field highlights the ‘‘rules of the game’’ and shows that parents’ displays of capital only are valuable when they help parents comply with institutional standards. In this article, we examine how the field shapes parents’ efforts to transmit advantages to their children through accessing high-status elementary schools. Drawing on interviews with 45 black and white middle-class families, as well as observation of school admission events and interviews with 20 school administrators, we illuminate the rules of the kindergarten admission game and describe how parents attempted to use capital to compete in the field in one large, urban district. We show the rules to be complex, hard to learn about, and implemented inconsistently. In this context, cultural, social, and economic capital that helped parents navigate the field had the potential to be profitable. But even parents with deep reservoirs of capital did not realize their first choice when they misunderstood the rules of the game or faced an imbalance of supply and demand for slots in highly desired schools. Thus, we argue that models need to take into account both the situational meaning of capital and the uncertainty in parents’ efforts to use their capital to transmit advantages to their children.
Generic proofs for combinator-based generic programs

Generic programming can bring important benefits to software engineering. In particular, it reduces the burden of verification, since generic proofs can be instantiated at many types. Reasoning about programs that use type classes does not enjoy the benefits of generic reasoning, as it requires providing proofs for an arbitrary number of type instances . This makes the process very impractical. We describe a useful method to reason about a class of programs that use type classes, based on the idea that generic functions implemented using overloading can also be expressed polytypically. We demonstrate the method on functions from the ’scrap-your-boilerplate’ library, a collection of combinators for generic programming that has been proposed and implemented recently.
Rac1 Regulates Neuronal Polarization through the WAVE Complex

Neuronal migration and axon growth, key events during neuronal development, require distinct changes in the cytoskeleton. Although many molecular regulators of polarity have been identified and characterized, relatively little is known about their physiological role in this process. To study the physiological function of Rac1 in neuronal development, we have generated a conditional knock-out mouse, in which Rac1 is ablated in the whole brain. Rac1-deficient cerebellar granule neurons, which do not express other Rac isoforms, showed impaired neuronal migration and axon formation both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, Rac1 ablation disrupts lamellipodia formation in growth cones. The analysis of Rac1 effectors revealed the absence of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) complex from the plasma membrane of knock-out growth cones. Loss of WAVE function inhibited axon growth, whereas overexpression of a membrane-tethered WAVE mutant partially rescued axon growth in Rac1-knock-out neurons. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of the WAVE complex effector Arp2/3 also reduced axon growth. We propose that Rac1 recruits the WAVE complex to the plasma membrane to enable actin remodeling necessary for axon growth.
Mininet-WiFi: A Platform for Hybrid Physical-Virtual Software-Defined Wireless Networking Research

Software-Defined Wireless Networking (SDWN) is being considered an appealing paradigm to design and operate wireless networks through higher-level abstractions and programmatic interfaces such as the OpenFlow protocol. Identified benefits include cost savings, service velocity and customization, resource optimization through novel approaches to user mobility, traffic offloading, multi-layer and multi-path routing, and so on. This demonstration features Mininet-WiFi as a SDWN emulator with the ability to run realistic experiments in hybrid physical-virtual environments, where users attending the conference are able to experience first hand by connecting their devices and interacting with virtual WiFi stations in a wireless mesh network or reach the Internet through the emulated SDWN infrastructure. OpenFlow 1.3 metering and IP header re-writing actions will showcase HTTP flow redirection and rate limitation of real users' wireless traffic.
Gender Discrimination Estimation in a Search Model with Matching and Bargaining

Gender wage differentials, conditional on observed productivity characteristics, have been considered a possible indication of prejudice against women in the labor market. However, there is no conclusive evidence on whether these differentials are due to labor market discrimination or to unobserved productivity differences. The objective of this paper is to solve the identification problem by developing a search model of the labor market with matching, bargaining and employer's taste discrimination. In equilibrium all types of employers wage discriminate women: prejudiced employers because of preference and unprejudiced employers because of spillover effects that worsen the bargaining position of women. Estimation is performed by maximum likelihood on Current Population Survey data for the year 1995. Results indicate that the productivity of women is 6.5\% lower than the productivity of men and that about half of the employers are prejudiced against women. Two policy experiments are implemented using the estimated parameters: an equal pay policy and an affirmative action polic
Urban Green Infrastructure Impacts on Climate Regulation Services in Sydney, Australia

In many parts of the world, urban planning has a renewed focus on addressing the multiple challenges associated with population growth and climate change. Focused on local needs and priorities, these planning processes are raising tensions between more compact and dense urban form to reduce energy use and associated emissions and the provision of urban green infrastructure for ecosystem services and climate adaptation. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of green infrastructure at the neighbourhood scale in Sydney, Australia and examined how a mix of landscape types (pavement, bare soil/dry grass, green grass, and tree cover) affect temperature variation in three important locations for urban residents—around the home, in the roads and footpaths where people walk, and in parkland areas. Considering that residential and parkland areas contribute to the majority of green space in Sydney, it is important to understand how changes in landscape mix within these three neighbourhood areas will affect local temperature for urban residents. For residential houses, it was found that the percentage of tree canopy cover around the house had a significant negative relationship (p = 0.002) with surface temperatures of rooftops where greater tree cover led to lower rooftop temperatures. In streetscapes, both the percentage of tree cover (p < 0.0001) and the percentage of green grass (p < 0.0001) within the road segment had a significant negative relationship with the surface temperature of the road pavement. In the parks, the percentage of pavement (p < 0.0001) and the percentage of bare soil/dry grass (p < 0.0001) showed a significantly positive trend with land surface temperatures where greater land cover in the form of pavement and bare soil/dry grass led to higher temperatures. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of promoting or reducing certain landscape covers depending on the land use type in order to maximise the cooling potential of green infrastructure.
Building Ontology to Implement the BIM (Building Information Modeling) Focused on Pre-Design Stage

Pre-planning stage is a most important stage to determine the success of the project throughout the construction lifecycle. Therefore, all information generated from the pre-planning stage must be processed and retained in the format which all the project participants can share. Furthermore, using object-oriented attributes and meta-data in BIM (Building Information Modeling) for easy control of the space objects are actively being studied. This paper investigates ontology and its description logic (OWLDL) and establishes it in the pre-planning stage of construction project and will also carry out a case study based on a real project in Korea. The special objects will be created and the relationship of these special objects will be defined. An ontology diagram will be suggested that will control the special objects with the constraints applied.
Policies for Efficient Data Replication in P2P Systems

This paper addresses the problem of maintaining replicated data in large scale P2P systems. Although this topic has been extensively studied in the literature, to maintain replicated data in this setting, in an efficient manner, still remains a significant challenge. This paper proposes novel policies to address this problem and evaluates their performance against different criteria, such as monitoring costs, data transfer costs, and load unbalance costs. We show that one of these new policies significantly outperforms previous work. Interestingly, this policy is based on a somehow counter-intuitive approach, that uses less reliable nodes to store the most accessed data items. The insights to derive this policy were obtained from an in depth analysis of existing solutions, that is also captured in the paper.
Inferring Hearing Loss from Learned Speech Kernels

Does a hearing-impaired individual's speech reflect his hearing loss, and if it does, can the nature of hearing loss be inferred from his speech? To investigate these questions, at least four hours of speech data were recorded from each of 37 adult individuals, both male and female, belonging to four classes: 7 normal, and 30 severely-to-profoundly hearing impaired with high, medium or low speech intelligibility. Acoustic kernels were learned for each individual by capturing the distribution of his speech data points represented as 20 ms duration windows. These kernels were evaluated using a set of neurophysiological metrics, namely, distribution of characteristic frequencies, equal loudness contour, bandwidth and Q10 value of tuning curve. Our experimental results reveal that a hearing-impaired individual's speech does reflect his hearing loss provided his loss of hearing has considerably affected the intelligibility of his speech. For such individuals, the lack of tuning in any frequency range can be inferred from his learned speech kernels.
Parts Selective DPM for detection of pedestrians possessing an umbrella

In recent years, pedestrian detection from an in-vehicle camera has been attracting attention. However, in the case of a raining situation, the detection accuracy decreases because the head of a pedestrian tends to be occluded by an umbrella. In oder to handle such cases, in this paper, as a variation of the Deformable Part Model (DPM) which is widely used in the field of object recognition, we propose “Parts Selective DPM (PS-DPM)” which selectively chooses the original part filters and additional part filters trained independently. In the detection of pedestrians possessing an umbrella, the selection of head and umbrella parts will make pedestrian detection more robust to the occlusion. We conducted experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. As a result, pedestrian detection with the proposed PS-DPM achieved high detection accuracy in rainy weather, compared with the detection by the conventional DPM. Moreover, we confirmed that it did not decrease the pedestrian detection accuracy in fine weather.
Patients’ Views on the Differences between Three Types of Methadone Syrups in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Objective: This study was designed to compare the methadone syrups produced by three different pharmaceutical companies from the perspectives of patients and other concerned individuals. Materials and Methods : A qualitative study was conducted via content analysis. Through purposive sampling 26 substance abuse patients were selected and interviewed through focus group discussions. Other concerned individuals included: clinic nurses (3 persons), drug experts in the ‘Substance Abuse Office’ of medical universities’ ‘Food and Drug Administrations’ (2 persons), opiate drugs stock-keeper (1 person), clinic physician-technicians (2 persons), and, methadone retailers and brokers (2 persons). The latter underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews. Upon analysis the data were classified, coded and thematically grouped. Results : The extracted codes were classified into four main themes: 1. Physical characteristics : syrup color, odor, taste and consistency. 2. Therapeutic effects : onset of effect, potency and duration of effect. 3. Side-effects : generalized, sleep, gastrointestinal, cardiac, respiratory, dermatologic, sexual, nervous, muscular and psychological problems. 4. Opinions, feelings, thoughts and emotions following syrup change : apprehension of unfamiliarity, upset about change without prior notice, unpleasant feeling about constant changes, feeling disrespected, feeling deceived, feeling of being imposed. Conclusions : In a nutshell, patients’ dissatisfaction of the physical characteristics and mode of changing syrups was very prominent. The latter was also thought to have less potency and maintenance one of them as opposed to another. In addition to the low consensus on the drug’s side-effects, it is basically very difficult to attribute such effects to a specific pharmaceutical product when different products are used interchangeably.
Formation Control of Nonholonomic Vehicles Under Time Delayed Communications

This document considers the formation control problem for a group of nonholonomic mobile robots under time delayed communications. The agents are assumed to be working under a directed and fixed communication topology. A recently developed formation control technique, based on a consensus protocol for linear systems is revisited. The stability analysis of this control technique, in the domain of the time delays, is performed using the Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots paradigm under the Spectral Delay Space approach. This analysis leads to an exact declaration of the stability boundaries in the domain of the delays. This linear control law is adapted to the nonlinear dynamics of the nonholonomic carts by means of feedback linearization. Simulation results show the applicability of this method to the class of agents considered here. Note to Practitioners-The problem dealt with in this paper is the coordinated motion of a group of mobile robots. Without a leader or a central authority, the members of the team attempt to converge into a predefined formation by exchanging information about position and velocities among themselves. The particularity here is that the communication among agents is corrupted by two time delays. One delay is considered to affect the measurement of the position of the agents and the second the determination of their velocity. We present a methodology to study the effect of the delay in the stability of the formation. This technique allows an exact declaration of the delay compositions that guarantee convergence to the formation in a finite time. The methodology is applied to a group of nonholonomic differential drive mobile robots.
6. What grabs us: Comment on Ruz & Lupianez

Ruz & Lupianez provide a broad, thorough overview of our present understanding of visual attentional capture, that is, of the tendency of visual events to attract our attention. They come to the conclusion that events commonly attract attention by virtue of their fit with our current task goals and task-related strategies, and the attentional selection criteria defined by them. Only in rare, exceptional cases will purely bottom-up attentional capture occur, such as when "no clear attentional set is established". The picture Ruz & Lupianez draw fits nicely into the zeitgeist one can observe in cognitive psychology these days. Since the 1950s, when the interest in cognition was revived by information-processing approaches, human performance was often considered to be stimulus-driven (Hommel, Musseler, Ascherleben & Prinz, in press). This legacy from the behavioristic tradition shines through in sometimes more, sometimes less obvious ways—the perhaps most famous example of the latter being Neisser's (1967) definition of cognitive psychology as the study of the "fate of the input". In recent years, however, cognitive processes that precede and, indeed, sometimes even produce, stimulation have attracted more and more interest. The emergence of attentional-set approaches discussed by Ruz & Lupianez are but one example, others are the study of task set in conflict tasks (e.g., Cohen, Braver & O'Reilly, 1998; Cohen, Dunbar & McClelland, 1990) and in taskswitching performance (e.g., Allport, Styles & Hsieh, 1994; Meiran, 1996; Rogers & Monsell, 1995), demonstrations of the role of intentions in stimulus-response compatibility (e.g., Hommel, 1993), and investigations of the linguistic control of spatial attention (e.g., Logan, 1995; Spivey, Tyler, Eberhard & Tanenhaus, 2001) and of motor performance (e.g., Gentilucci, Benuzzi, Bertolani, Daprati & Gangitano, 2000). As exemplified by Ruz & Lupianez' discussion, the picture emerging from these investigations is not simple. And it is certainly not well captured by the opposition of automatic versus intentional, or bottom-up versus top-down processes. Rather, it seems that goal states lead to the implementation of conditionally automatic (Bargh, 1992) cognitive processes that transform the processing system into something like a cognitive reflex machinery (Hommel,
The hot topics evaluation and key issues in online news about emergency events

This paper concentrates on the evaluation system of hot topics in the online news about the emergency events. First, the overall technology framework of the system was established and description was formulated on the key issues need to be resolved prior to the evaluation of the hot topics. Focusing on the vector representation of the news documents and clustering algorithm of the news topics, a modified TF-IDF text representation model was formulated and an improved selection method of initial topic clustering center was established. The evaluation model of the hot topics was then established to evaluate the heat value of the clustered topics based on extracting websites feature parameters, such as the time properties of the news reports, reporting properties, and user attention. Finally, the paper takes news of 2011 Japan Earthquake as data source for algorism and model evaluation. The results showed that the identification and evaluation system of hot topics in online news about the emergency events was valid, and the evaluation result of hot topics by the systems agreed with the expected results. It lays a foundation for the subsequent studying about the tracking and evolution of the hot topics.
Future Generation Computer Systems a Survey of Communication/networking in Smart Grids

Smart Grid is designed to integrate advanced communication/networking technologies into electrical power grids to make them ''smarter''. Current situation is that most of the blackouts and voltage sags could be prevented if we have better and faster communication devices and technologies for the electrical grid. In order to make the current electrical power grid a Smart Grid, the design and implementation of a new communication infrastructure for the grid are two important fields of research. However, Smart Grid projects have only been proposed in recent years and only a few proposals for forward-looking requirements and initial research work have been offered in this field. No any systematic reviews of communication/networking in Smart Grids have been conducted yet. Therefore, we conduct a systematic review of communication/networking technologies in Smart Grid in this paper, including communication/networking architecture, different communication technologies that would be employed into this architecture, quality of service (QoS), optimizing utilization of assets, control and management, etc.