Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The CDC's updated blood lead reference value and community implications in pediatrics

Lead exposure continues to have a major impact on our society, despite efforts to reduce the extent of exposure in the general population. Until the late 20th century, lead was pervasive in the US. Lead could be found in sources with a relatively high likelihood of ingestion or inhalation by children and adults. Research has revealed that children under age 6 are among the demographic groups at an increased risk for the development of negative health outcomes due to lead exposure. To combat these pediatric leadbased health concerns, in 1991, the CDC created the Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP). The CLPPP focuses primarily on the reduction of pediatric lead poisoning and exposure in the US. The goals of this program are to improve lead testing, to improve lead surveillance, and to provide interventions for those with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) also supports public health initiatives that identify children with elevated BLLs with the intent of reducing the neurocognitive impact of lead exposure. The CDC defi ned the blood lead reference value (BLRV) as a cutoff value to identify which BLLs warranted intervention. This cutoff value has evolved as national BLLs have decreased, and research has shown that neurologic changes in children can occur at lower BLLs than originally recognized. It is important to employ pediatric preventive lead exposure strategies knowing that there is no BLL that is established as a safe level in children. Even children with BLLs below the BLRV have been identifi ed as having adverse neurocognitive or developmental effects. Research reveals that elevated lead levels can be linked to decreased intelligence quotient values caused by lead-induced damage to the nervous system and brain. Increased BLLs have been linked to learning problems, behavioral concerns, decreased ability to pay attention, and decreased scholastic performance. The effects of lead toxicity are more easily recognized at concentrations that cause lead encephalopathy, since the symptoms are extreme. At these levels, typically above 70 mcg/dL, children can experience severe signs, symptoms, or outcomes such as vomiting, seizures, coma, and death. However, it is important to recognize that often children can be asymptomatic even when lead toxicity and exposure are occuring. Neurotoxic and developmental concerns may go unrecognized in children until signifi cant time has passed. To help reduce lifelong effects of lead toxicity, screening measures can assist in identifying children who have been exposed, even to low levels of lead. The objectives of this article are to review the new BLRV changes and to discuss the positive and negative implications that may arise from these changes.
Trajectory Optimization for a Mission to Neptune and Triton

This paper treats a mission to Neptune and Triton, focusing on the design and optimization of its trajectory. All trajectory parts are dealt with: the interplanetary cruise to reach Neptune, capture at Neptune, and the reconnaissance of the Neptunian system, including both a Neptune and a Triton orbiter. The spacecraft uses ve swing-bys to arrive at Neptune: Venus twice, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn. At Neptune an aerocapture takes place. At the rst apoapsis after aerocapture, the two orbiters separate from each other. The Neptune orbiter goes on a trajectory that results in up to 160 ybys of Neptune’s inner moons within one month. This trajectory has been determined by a multi-objective optimization implementing Genetic Algorithms. The Triton orbiter performs a transfer that has been determined using the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem. It enters a near-polar orbit around Triton, which ensures good coverage. Finally, two orbiters of about 600 kg will orbit both Neptune and Triton.
No Effect of Interset Palm Cooling on Acute Bench Press Performance, Electromyography Amplitude, or Spectral Frequencies in Resistance-Trained Men

Abstract McMahon, G, Kennedy, R, and Burden, A. No effect of interset palm cooling on acute bench press performance, electromyography amplitude or spectral frequencies in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 555–563, 2023—Previous research has suggested that cooling distal to the working agonist muscles during the interset rest periods of high-intensity resistance exercise may facilitate improved performance through increased agonist activation. However, these studies have used inappropriate electromyography (EMG) normalization techniques. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare 2 palm-cooling conditions with a thermoneutral condition during high-intensity resistance exercise and subsequent effects on exercise performance, EMG amplitude, and spectral frequencies using appropriate normalization methodologies. Eleven healthy, resistance-trained, young men (20–36 years old) performed 4 sets of bench press exercise to exhaustion at 80% 1RM each separated by 3 minutes of passive recovery. Palm-cooling (10° C [TEN] or 15° C [FTN]) or thermoneutral (28° C [CON]) conditions were applied for 60 seconds during the recovery interval of each set in a randomized, double-blind fashion, with 4 days of recovery between experimental conditions. Palm temperature was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the TEN and FTN conditions compared with CON. Number of repetitions and mean power in the bench press declined significantly after each set in all conditions (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in any bench press performance or EMG-related variables between any of the conditions. Palm cooling at either 10 or 15° C had no effects on bench press performance compared with a thermoneutral condition, with no observable effects on neuromuscular responses during exercise. Therefore, cooling is not currently recommended as an ergogenic strategy to enhance acute bench press performance during high-intensity resistance training.
Experiments on the Origin of Process Induced Recombination Centers in Silicon.

Densities of recombination centers obtained by the transient capacitance technique in diffused p+n junctions and Al−nSi Schottky barriers are correlated with process variables of more than 70 diffusion and heat−treatment experiments. Results show that the two process−induced donor defect centers reported previously are generated at the strained and disordered silicon surface layers either from high−surface concentration phosphorus or boron diffusion or from mechanical lapping. Chemically polished surfaces appear to act neither as a source nor a sink of these defect centers. The defects are not related to oxygen in the original silicon nor oxygen introduced during oxidation or diffusion. The effects of phosphorus and boron surface concentrations, phosphosilicate surface glass layers, and diffusion temperatures on the concentrations of these two centers are investigated. Nearly constant defect concentration profiles at depth more than 50 μ from the surfaces are observed, suggesting an L−shaped defect concne.
Human skeleton proportions from monocular data

This paper introduces a novel method for estimating the skeleton proportions of a human figure from monocular data. The proposed system will first automatically extract the key frames and recover the perspective camera model from the 2D data. The human skeleton proportions are then estimated from the key frames using the recovered camera model without posture reconstruction. The proposed method is tested to be simple, fast and produce satisfactory results for the input data. The human model with estimated proportions can be used in future research involving human body modeling or human motion reconstruction.
Development and measurement of the goodness of test images for visual print quality evaluation

The aim of the study was to develop a test image for print quality evaluation to improve the current state of the art in testing the quality of digital printing. The image presented by the authors in EI09 portrayed a breakfast scene, the content of which could roughly be divided in four object categories: a woman, a table with objects, a landscape picture and a gray wall. The image was considered to have four main areas of improvement: the busyness of the image, the control of the color world, the salience of the object categories, and the naturalness of the event and the setting. To improve the first image, another test image was developed. Whereas several aspects were improved, the shortcomings of the new image found by visual testing and self-report were in the same four areas. To combine the insights of the two test images and to avoid their pitfalls, a third image was developed. The goodness of the three test images was measured in subjective tests. The third test image was found to address efficiently three of the four improvement areas, only the salience of the objects left a bit to be desired.
Géométrie différentielle stochastique avec sauts 1

The intrinsic second-order calculus for manifold-valued semimartingales of [5] and [7] is extended to the non-continuous case. The main idea is to substitute 2-jets at x (only local behaviour is needed in the continuous case) by functions that are twice differentiable at x (to deal with macroscopic jumps). We first introduce an intrinsic integral; when the manifolds arc vector spaces, this is but an integral with respect to a random measure [4]. It is then used to define quadratic variations of semimartingales and to introduce SDE's. Last we get existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for such SDE's with loeally Lipschitz coefficients
Technology assessment for the implementation of magnetoresistive elements with semiconductor components in magnetic random access memory (MRAM) architectures

We describe the DRAM-like approach towards a non-volatile magnetoresistive memory integrating magnetic and semiconductor devices into one cell. The speed at which the magnetic memory signal can be read depends on many factors. An important factor is the magnetic element itself, the size, magnetic characteristics and absolute resistance. Secondly, the design of the read-out electronics is a key issue. A third determining factor is the technology in which the electronics are fabricated. Some features are indicated that are essential in optimizing MRAM in future.
DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS IN SOFT MATTER AND POLYMERIC APPLICATIONS — A REVIEW

Computer simulations and in particular mesoscopic simulation techniques such as the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) technique, enable researchers to study the complexities of soft material and polymeric systems by performing in silico experimentations alongside in vivo experiments. In addition, these mesoscopic simulations allow scientists and engineers to characterize and optimize the actual experiments in a more efficient manner. The DPD is one the most reliable mesoscopic simulation techniques for phenomenological investigation of soft matter and polymeric systems. In this review, which is complimentary to an earlier review also by the present authors on DPD methodology and complex fluid application (Moeendarbary et al., 2009), we categorize and review the notable published works, and document efforts that applied the DPD simulation technique to various important soft matter and polymeric applications, over the last decade.
The charge exchange recombination diagnostic system on the DIII-D tokamak

The charge exchange recombination, (CER) diagnostic system on the DIII-D tokamak is used to make spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the ion temperature and toroidal and poloidal rotation velocities. This is performed through visible spectroscopic measurements of the Doppler-broadened and Doppler-shifted He II 468.6-nm, CVI 529.1-nm, and BV 494.5-nm spectral lines which have been excited by charge exchange recombination interactions between the fully stripped ions and the neutral atoms from the heating beams. The plasma viewing optics comprises 32 viewing chords spanning a typical plasma minor radius of 63 cm across the midplane, of which 15 spatial chords span 4.2 cm at the plasma edge just within the separatrix and provide a chord-to-chord spatial resolution of 0.3 cm. Fast camera readout electronics can provide a temporal resolution of 260 mu s per time slice, but the effective minimum integration time, at present, is 1 ms, which is limited by the detected photon flux from the plasma and the decay times of the phosphors used on the multichannel plate image intensifiers. Significant changes in the edge plasma radial electric field at the L-H transition have been observed, as determined from the CER measurements, and these results are being extensively compared to theories which consider the effects of sheared electric fields on plasma turbulence. <<ETX>>
Nonlinear optical study of the Fermi-surface oscillation in gold induced by acoustic-phonon excitation

Using a two-color ultrafast optical pump-probe technique with an amplified Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser system, we study the heat-induced structural dynamics in gold by monitoring both the fundamental and third harmonic generation (THG) signals of the probe beam. An amplitude oscillation, with a period of tens of picoseconds, is clearly observed in the THG signal, but absent in fundamental. In contrast to previous understandings from a purely mechanical deformation point of view, we demonstrate that this oscillation in THG directly results from a periodic modulation of the Fermi level in gold driven by acoustic-phonon excitation following ultrafast laser heating.
The galactic disk surface mass density and the Galactic force K(z) at z = 1. 1 kiloparsecs

A set of distance and velocity data previously obtained and analyzed is rediscussed to determine the surface mass density of the Galactic disk. These data reliably determine the integral surface mass density of all (disk + halo) Galactic components within 1.1 kpc from the Galactic plane near the sun to be 71 + or 6 solar masses/sq pc, independent of the disk/halo ratio. Determination of the fraction of this total mass which is distributed in the Galactic disk and the fraction which is associated with an extended halo remains highly model-dependent. The best available estimate of the relative contributions of disk mass and halo mass to the local integral surface density, obtained from modeling of the Galactic rotation curve, yields a surface mass density of 48 + or - 9 solar masses/sq pc for mass associated with the Galactic disk near the sun. The corresponding mass of identified disk matter is 48 + or - 8 solar masses/sq pc. 7 refs.
Design and Demonstration of High Breakdown Voltage GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) Using Field Plate Structure for Power Electronics Applications

AlGaN/GaN power high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a breakdown voltage of 600 V are fabricated and demonstrated as switching power devices for motor drive and power supply applications. A high breakdown voltage was realized in the fabricated power-HEMT by the field plate technique and an ultra low on-state resistance of 3.3 mΩ·cm2, which is 20 times lower than the silicon limit, due to the high critical field of the GaN material and the high mobility in a two-dimensional electron gas channel. A device with the double-field plate structure was also designed using two-dimensional device simulation to increase the breakdown voltage without any increase of the GaN layer thickness.
Transient Performance of a Piezoelectric Transducer

The methods of transform calculus are used to solve several problems in which the transient response of a piezoelectric transducer is of interest. The electrical signal produced by a step function of force is derived, both for open‐circuit and resistive loading at the electrical terminals, and the mechanical signal produced by a voltage step is also discussed. The analyses are performed for both the plate transducer in compressional thickness vibration and the bar in compressional length vibration, and the important differences between the two transducers are discussed. The analyses commence with the fundamental piezoelectric equations, and solutions are found which represent successive time‐delayed reflections of the mechanical transient between the end faces of the transducer. The results are also discussed with reference to the exact transmission‐line electrical equivalent circuits of the transducers, whose development is outlined briefly. Simple equivalent circuits which do not involve lines are descr.
Determining Intrinsic Parameters and Pose of Cameras from Single View with Variable Focal Length

This study claims an algorithm of calibration which is executed on the basis of projection matrix. This algorithm directly estimates intrinsic parameter on the basis of rotation matrix’s unitary orthogonality combined with Cholesky decomposition from the obtained projection matrix. Then, false is excluded by rotation matrix’s determinant constraints, and ultimately, camera location and orientation matrix are obtained and estimated parameters are optimized with the minimum error of reprojection residual being cost function. This algorithm is taken under a pinhole camera model and can calibrate the camera from single view with variable focal length. Both simulation data and true image experiments have proved the feasibility and robustness of this algorithm.
Electron transport in InGaAs/AlInAs heterostructures and its impact on transistor performance

We have studied electron transport in a variety of doped and modulation‐doped InGaAs/AlInAs quantum wells within the context of field‐effect transistor performance. Both quantum‐well width and doping profile were varied with all layers lattice matched to the InP substrate. Electron transport properties in the structures were characterized using Hall, geometric magnetoresistance, and microwave velocity‐field measurements, and transistor performance in terms of transconductance and channel current in 1.8‐ and 0.5‐μm gate‐length devices. Transconductances in 0.5‐μm gate‐length transistors were as high as 590 mS/mm and were more directly correlated to the peak electron velocity than to the low‐field mobility.
Some theoretical properties of the O‐PLS method

The objective of this paper is to present new properties of the orthogonal projections to latent structures (O‐PLS) method developed by Trygg and Wold (J. Chemometrics 2002; 16: 119–128). The original orthogonal signal correction (OSC) filter of Wold et al. (Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. 1998; 44: 175–185) removes systematic variation from X that is unrelated to Y. O‐PLS is a more restrictive OSC filter. O‐PLS removes only systematic variation in X explained in each PLS component that is not correlated with Y. O‐PLS is a slight modification of the NIPALS PLS algorithm, which should make O‐PLS a generally applicable preprocessing and filtering method. The computation of the O‐PLS components under the constraint of being correlated with one PLS component imposes particular properties on the space spanned by the O‐PLS components. This paper is divided into two main sections. First we give an application of O‐PLS on near‐infrared reflectance spectra of soil samples, showing some graphical properties. Then we give the mathematical justifications of these properties. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid numerical simulation of axisymmetric single‐well induction data using the extended Born approximation

We derive an extended Born approximation for electromagnetic scattering due to rock formations that exhibit axial symmetry around a well bore. An alternative formulation is also developed to improve the accuracy of the approximation when scattering takes place in close prroximity with the source. The resulting equations are solved via a numerical procedure that is as efficient as the first‐order Born approximation but substantially more accurate. This conclusion follows from studies carried out on a variety of source‐receiver configurations and frequencies typical of single‐well induction measurements.
Using llama derived single domain antibodies to target botulinum neurotoxins

Llama serum contains both conventional IgG as well as unique forms of antibody that contain only heavy chains where antigen binding is mediated through a single variable domain. These variable domains can be expressed recombinantly and are referred to as single domain antibodies (sdAb). SdAb are among the smallest known naturally derived antigen binding fragments, possess good solubility, thermal stability, and can refold after heat and chemical denaturation. Llamas were immunized with either BoNT A or B toxoid and phage display libraries prepared. Single domain antibodies (sdAb) that were able to detect botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes A and B were selected from their respective libraries. Here, the binders obtained by panning the BoNT B library on either BoNT B toxoid or BoNT B complex toxoid coated plates or BoNT B toxin coupled microspheres are described. Using these panning methods, we selected for binders that showed specificity for BoNT B. Phage displayed binders were screened, moved to a protein expression vector and soluble sdAb was produced. Using a Luminex flow cytometer binders were evaluated in direct binding assays. We have exploited the unique properties of sdAb and used them as biological recognition elements in immuno-based sensors that can detect BoNT B.
Texture feature extraction based on primitive analysis

The authors examine feature extraction from textures with weakly coupled primitives. Three simple techniques are presented for primitive extraction. Texture features are defined as means and standard deviations of the first-order distributions of primitive attributes such as area, perimeter, compactness, orientation, eccentricity, color, and contrast. The effectiveness of the extracted texture features is illustrated in the context of texture classification. Experimental results show that the extracted texture features are particularly effective for macro- and regular texture discrimination but not so effective for micro- and more random textures. <<ETX>>
Water Budget and Precipitation Efficiency of Typhoon Morakot (2009)

AbstractIn this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model, version 3.2, with the finest grid size of 1 km is used to explicitly simulate Typhoon Morakot (2009), which dumped rainfall of more than 2600 mm in 3 days on Taiwan. The model reasonably reproduced the track, the organization, the sizes of the eye and eyewall, and the characteristics of major convective cells in outer rainbands. The horizontal rainfall distribution and local rainfall maximum in the southwestern portion of the Central Mountain Range (CMR) are captured. The simulated rain rate and precipitation efficiency (PE) over the CMR are highly correlated. In the absence of terrain forcing, the simulated TC’s track is farther north and rainfall distribution is mainly determined by rainbands. The calculated rain rate and PE over the CMR during landfall are about 50% and 15%–20% less than those of the full-terrain control run, respectively. By following major convective cells that propagate eastward from the Taiwan Strait to the CMR, it .
Estimating Component Cumulative Distribution Functions in Finite Mixture Models

Abstract We propose a method of estimating component distribution functions (cdfs) in finite mixture distributions without specifying a parametric form on the true underlying cdfs. As a result, we develop estimators of the component parameters based on these estimated cdfs. This method requires a vector of observations on each subject and involves discretizing the original data into multinomial bins. This results in a mixture of multinomial distributions which has the same mixing proportions as the original mixture. The methods are illustrated on a data set from cognitive psychology.