Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Web Server Benchmarking Challenges in the Multi-core Era

Web-based services are used by many organizations to support their customers and employees. An important consideration in developing such services is ensuring the Quality of Service (QoS) that users experience is acceptable. Recent years have seen a shift toward deploying Web services on multi-core hardware. Leveraging the performance benefits of multi-core hardware is a non-trivial task. In particular, systematic Web server benchmarking techniques are needed so organizations can verify their ability to meet customer QoS objectives while effectively utilizing such hardware. However, our recent experiences suggest that the multi-core era imposes significant challenges to Web server benchmarking. In particular, due to limitations of current hardware monitoring tools, we found that a large number of experiments are needed to detect complex bottlenecks that can arise in a multi-core system due to contention for shared resources such as cache hierarchy, memory controllers and processor inter-connects. Furthermore, multiple load generator instances are needed to adequately stress multi-core hardware. This leads to practical challenges in validating and managing the test results. This paper describes the automation strategies we employed to overcome these challenges. We make our test harness available for other researchers and practitioners working on similar studies.
Statistical Disclosure Control for the 2011 UK Census

Every 10 years since 1801, the UK has set aside one day for the census, whereby information is obtained on every member of the population. It is the most complete source of information about the population that we have with details of family composition, health, employment and other socio-economic characteristics. The information provided allows central and local Government, health authorities and many other organisations to target their resources more effectively and to plan housing, education, health and transport services for years to come. The next census is due to take place in 2011. Census data is released in a number of different formats; standard pre-planned tables, commissioned tables requested by users and Census sample microdata. In addition in 2011 the aim is to release user defined tables via flexible table generating web-based software. Publishing aggregate or individual data carries the risk that individuals or entities could be identified and confidential information about them could be released. The UK Census Offices need to protect the confidentiality of census respondents for a number of reasons. The production and use of official statistics depends on the cooperation and trust of citizens. Such trust cannot be maintained unless the privacy of individuals' information is protected. There are also legal and policy obligations that must be respected. The Census Act 1920 as amended by the Census (Confidentiality) Act 1991 and the Census Act (Northern Ireland) 1969 as amended by the Census (Confidentiality) (Northern Ireland) Order 1991, make it an offence for the Registrar-Generals (or any person under their control or a supplier of any services to them) to disclose any personal census information to another person without lawful authority. The National Statistics Code of
Separating and collapsing results on the relativized probabilistic polynomial-time hierarchy

The probabilistic polynomial-time hierarchy (BPH) is the hierarchy generated by applying the BP-operator to the Meyer-Stockmeyer polynomial-time hierarchy (PH), where the BP-operator is the natural generalization of the probabilistic complexity class BPP. The similarity and difference between the two hierarchies BPH and PH is investigated. Oracles <italic>A</italic> and <italic>B</italic> are constructed such that both PH(<italic>A</italic>) and PH(<italic>B</italic>) are infinite while BPH(<italic>A</italic>) is not equal to PH(<italic>A</italic>) at any level and BPH(<italic>B</italic>) is identical to PH(<italic>B</italic>) at every level. Similar separating and collapsing results in the case that PH(<italic>A</italic>) is finite having exactly <italic>k</italic> levels are also considered.
Design and Fabrication of Printed Dipole Array for Smart Antenna Applications

In this paper the design and fabrication of one element and four element printed dipole for smart antenna application is discussed. The design of the single element printed dipole on a substrate RT Duroid 5880 of dielectric constant 2.2, its subsequent development into four element array and the realization of a suitable power divider network to feed the array. The four-way power splitter is attained using Wilkinson type power dividers, which improves the isolation and matching of the ports. This is followed by a computer simulation in order to optimize the design. The antenna array and the feed networks are then fabricated using this optimized design. The fabricated array is tested to confirm the simulated results. The working of the complete unit is analyzed. The software used for antenna simulation is IE3D, electromagnetic simulation and optimization software. Printed dipole antenna simulated in S band (2.7 GHz). The four element array forms the prototype or basic building block of larger arrays that are used in various applications such as satellite communications, missiles, telemetry, and aircraft antennas. The basic aim of using printed dipole antennas is that they are small and can be mounted on the surface of satellites and instruments in other applications, reducing the weight and the cost. Keywords—Array, mutual coupling, Smart antenna, power devider.
IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN HUMAN MEMORY (CD45RO+) CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTES

The precise nature and development of the memory (CD45RO+) CD4+ T lymphocytes remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed differential gene expression of human memory CD4+ T lymphocytes in relation to their naïve counterparts. A suppression subtractive hybridization technique was used to isolate and clone differentially expressed genes in the memory subset with respect to the naïve subset. We screened approximately 300 clones by dot blot analysis and sequenced 23 differentially expressed clones. GenBank sequence homology search showed that these clones included genes for transcription factors, enzymes and immunomodulatory molecules. Differential expression of a subset of these genes was further confirmed by RT-PCR and densitometric analysis revealed that they were expressed five to eightfold more in memory than naive CD4+ T lymphocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that multiple genes with different functions contribute to the development of immunological memory in human T lymphocytes.
Tackling security vulnerabilities in VPN-based wireless deployments

Current "best practice" recommendations for enterprise wireless deployments suggest the use of VPNs from a wireless client for both authentication and privacy. In this paper, we demonstrate a security issue with such deployments, which we refer to as the hidden wireless router vulnerability. This vulnerability is inherent in the VPN-based wireless LAN architecture, and leads to unsuspecting clients becoming conduits for an attack, exploiting features readily available in popular operating systems like Windows and Linux. We describe the attack scenario, and possible solutions for both detecting and locating such hidden wireless routers. Our solutions include a range of possibilities stretching from purely passive to active probing methods, and access point-based solutions. We describe our techniques and results of our implementation and experiments.
Mill Town Mortality: Consequences of Industrial Growth in Two Nineteenth-Century New England Towns

Recent research has considerably increased our understanding of the factors associated with the American epidemiological transition in the late nineteenth century. However, uncertainty remains regarding the impact on mortality of specific changes ancillary to urbanization and industrialization in American cities and towns. The broad objective of the Connecticut Valley Historical Demography Project is to examine changing relationships between socioeconomic status, the rise of new urban-industrial communities, and cause-specific mortality trends during the rapid development of New England manufacturing. To address these issues, the present analysis examines two emergent urban centers in Massachusetts, adopting a micro-demographic approach to explore late-nineteenth-century and turn-of-the-century determinants of mortality.
Structural Evidence for Common Ancestry of the Nuclear Pore Complex and Vesicle Coats

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) facilitate nucleocytoplasmic transport. These massive assemblies comprise an eightfold symmetric scaffold of architectural proteins and central-channel phenylalanine-glycine-repeat proteins forming the transport barrier. We determined the nucleoporin 85 (Nup85)⚫Seh1 structure, a module in the heptameric Nup84 complex, at 3.5 angstroms resolution. Structural, biochemical, and genetic analyses position the Nup84 complex in two peripheral NPC rings. We establish a conserved tripartite element, the ancestral coatomer element ACE1, that reoccurs in several nucleoporins and vesicle coat proteins, providing structural evidence of coevolution from a common ancestor. We identified interactions that define the organization of the Nup84 complex on the basis of comparison with vesicle coats and confirmed the sites by mutagenesis. We propose that the NPC scaffold, like vesicle coats, is composed of polygons with vertices and edges forming a membrane-proximal lattice that provides docking sites for additional nucleoporins.
A Suggestive Interface for Sketch‐based Character Posing

We present a user‐friendly suggestive interface for sketch‐based character posing. Our interface provides suggestive information on the sketching canvas in succession by combining image retrieval technique with 3D character posing, while the user is drawing. The system highlights the canvas region where the user should draw on and constrains the user's sketches in a reasonable solution space. This is based on an efficient image descriptor, which is used to measure the distance between the user's sketch and 2D views of 3D poses. In order to achieve faster query response, local sensitive hashing is involved in our system. In addition, sampling‐based optimization algorithm is adopted to synthesize and optimize the retrieved 3D pose to match the user's sketches the best. Experiments show that our interface can provide smooth suggestive information to improve the reality of sketching poses and shorten the time required for 3D posing.
Interactions between background matching and motion during visual detection can explain why cryptic animals keep still

A widespread example of coevolution between behaviour and morphology is that crypsis is associated with motionlessness. Surprisingly, however, the adaptive function of this association has never been investigated experimentally. We tested whether the risk of being detected by a predator is affected by crypsis, movement or an interaction between these two traits. We show that, to avoid being detected and attacked by three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.), chironomid larvae need both to match their background and to keep still. Additionally, relatively more active individuals were targeted from cryptic prey groups, but not from conspicuous ones. Therefore, rather than crypsis and keeping still both contributing to reducing detection, the two traits are synergistic in reducing detection rates. This interdependence has implications for the coevolution of background matching and motion, and also between anti-predator traits and predators' visual systems.
Durkheim, social capital, and suicide rates across US counties

ABSTRACT Suicide is a very contemporary issue in the USA. Despite the social characteristics related with suicide, the discipline of sociology has remained relatively silent on the issue. This paper builds upon Durkheim's approach by using social capital theory as a framework to examine suicide rates across 2688 US counties. Using ordinary least-squared regression modelling, we found that counties with higher rates of social capital, diversity, and population density experienced lower suicide rates. Counties that had higher levels of divorce, unemployment, poverty, education, and median age experienced higher suicide rates.
Neonicotinoid insecticides: an emerging cause of acute pesticide poisoning

Introduction. Neonicotinoids are a relatively new class of insecticides. They exhibit agonistic effects at postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in insects and are believed to have low toxicity in humans. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all neonicotinoid exposures reported to the Taiwan National Poison Center to better understand the toxicity profile of neonicotinoid insecticides. Results. A total of 70 patients were analyzed. Most exposures involved suicidal ingestions of imidacloprid alone. Clinical manifestations of neonicotinoid insecticide toxicity bear some resemblance to those of acute nicotine poisoning. Although most exposures were of mild-to-moderate severity, eight patients developed major effects and two died. Aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure were the main cause of severe toxicity. Conclusion. Significant toxicity of neonicotinoids can occur following large amount of oral ingestion. Poisoned patients may present with cholinergic syndrome, and judicious use of atropine seems justified. Symptomatic treatment, especially ventilator support, remains most important in clinical management.
Planning a Metropolis from Infrastructure

This article examines the development of the Lisbon metropolis in the period between 1940 and 1966, looking for the ways in which urban and metropolitan planning established design and organizational connections with infrastructural development. Two arguments emphasize the changing role of infrastructure—starting as the driving force of a national policy of public works committed to the political construction of a modern capital and becoming the unfulfilled backbone of a late industrialization policy associated with morphological disruption in the context of a fast growing metropolis. A third argument of synthesis claims metropolitan public space as a key to acknowledge and design interfacing spaces of infrastructural mediation.
Logisch denkende Fische und lehrende Erdmännchen

T iere konnen durchaus logisch schliesen. Seit der Antike ist beispielsweise der sogenannte Hundesyllogismus bekannt, der wie folgt funktioniert:Verfolgt ein Hund eine Fahrte, die sich dreifach aufgabelt, dann kann es vorkommen, dass er erst an der einen schnuppert, dann an der zweiten, und dann den dritten Weg lauft ohne zu schnuppern. Die Logik dahinter ist einfach: Das verfolgteTier muss einen der drei Wege genommen haben, hat jedoch, wie die Schnuffelei an den ersten beiden Wegen ergab, diese nicht genommen. Dann kann das Tier nur den dritten Weg gelaufen sein (logisch: aus „a oder b oder c ist wahr“ und „a und b sind falsch“ folgt „c muss wahr sein“), man braucht also gar nicht erst zu schnuffeln. Erst neulich war an dieser Stelle von einer anderen Art des logischen Schliesens die Rede, der sogenannten transitiven Inferenz: „Himbeereis schmeckt Ihnen besser als Erdbeereis, Erdbeereis besser als Schoko, Schoko besser als Nuss, und Nuss besser als Vanille. Daraus folgt, dass Sie sich bei der Wahl zwischen Himbeer und Vanille fur Himbeer entscheiden“ (6, 7). Oder in der Sprache der Logik ausgedruckt: Aus „A > B“, „B > C“, „C > D“ und „D > E“ folgt „A > E“ oder auch „B > D“. Lernt man nur die einzelnen Paare (entscheidet sich also beispielsweise immer nur zwischen zwei Eissorten), kennt man dennoch nach einer Weile die gesamte Reihenfolge, die man sich aus den Paarungen erschliesen kann. Solche Schlusse („aus A > B und B > C folgt A > C“) nennt man transitiv, man stellt einen Ubergang her zwischen zwei unverbundenen Sachverhalten und begrundet damit einen neuen Sachverhalt. Man konnte auch sagen: Man denkt. Dann konnen Fische auch denken, wie aus einer kurzlich in Nature erschienenen Arbeit von Grosenick und Mitarbeitern (2) von der Stanford Universitat hervorgeht. Sie untersuchten Fische, genau genommen westafrikanische Buntbarsche (Abb. 1) mit Namen Burtons Maulbruter (Astatotilapia burtoni), bei denen die Weibchen, wie der Name schon sagt, die Jungen zunachst im Maul tragen, und die man als Zierfische in Aquarien durchaus auch hierzulande findet. Im Lexikon desAquarienclubs heist es hierzu: „Die Maulbruter laichen bei guten Bedingungen bald ab. Beim Herausfangen der
Witchcraft Beliefs and Practices in Prerevolutionary Russian and Ukrainian Villages

The belief in malefic witchcraft, the ability of an individual to harm or injure people and animals by supernatural means, words, spells, and potions, is common to tribal and agrarian societies the world over. Living at the mercy of the environment, exploitative classes and the state, peasants in the preindustrial world had a wealth of beliefs and practices that explained their circumstances, provided them with safeguards against adversity, and enabled them to counteract the calamities that befell them. Blaming a neighbor, relative or stranger for causing a lingering illness, depriving a cow of her milk, or bringing about a drought, hail storm, or severe thunderstorm personalized misfortune, allowing the victims to combat their suffering by taking action against the perceived perpetrator. During times of mounting social tensions and shrinking resources, accusations of witchcraft and sorcery increased, often with community support. Once peasants had identified a witch or sorcerer, they tried to convince the individual to reverse the spell or, failing this, sometimes killed the alleged evildoer. ' Russian and Ukrainian peasants living within the Russian Empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries shared beliefs in witches and sorcerers and the ability of humans to cross "the boundaries of the moral community" by injuring others with the aid of evil spirits and black magic.2 Mixing the sacred with the profane, they comprehended misfortune as either God's wrath or the machinations of
Response timing generation and response type selection for a spontaneous spoken dialog system

If a dialog system can respond to a user as naturally as a human, the interaction will appear smoother. In this research, we aim to develop a dialog system that emulates human behavior in a chat-like dialog. The proposed system makes use of a decision tree to generate chat-like responses at the appropriate times. These responses include “aizuchi” (back-channel), “repetition”, “collaborative completion”, etc. The system also reacts robustly to the user's overlapping utterances (barge-in) and disfluencies. The subjective evaluation shows that there is a high degree of naturalness in the timing of ordinary responses, overlap, and aizuchi, and that the dialog system exhibits user-friendly behavior. The recorded voices system was preferred, and almost all subjects felt familiarity with aizuchi, and the barge-in was also useful.
Accuracy of immunization histories provided by adults accompanying preschool children to a pediatric emergency department.

OBJECTIVE Because some have advocated the use of emergency departments to administer delayed childhood immunizations, we evaluated the accuracy of immunization histories obtained in this setting by comparison with medical records of inner-city health care facilities. DESIGN Questionnaires were orally administered to adults accompanying children to the emergency department. Individual medical records were reviewed. SETTING Pediatric emergency department at Wyler Children's Hospital, University of Chicago and 68 inner-city primary care clinics. PATIENTS Children aged 3 to 65 months registering for medical care. Of the sample, 98% were African American; 75% were Medicaid recipients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adults' knowledge of immunization histories, immunization cards, and medical records compared with American Academy of Pediatrics/Immunization Practices Advisory Committee recommendations. RESULTS Of the accompanying adults, 64% stated that their child's general immunization status was "up-to-date"; 65% of these had clinic records confirming that status. Only 8% of specific regimens stated by these adults accurately matched those found in clinic records. Moreover, 45% of adults accompanying children at least 16 months and older provided inaccurate information regarding previous receipt of measles immunization. CONCLUSION Information provided by accompanying adults (from recall or from immunization cards) is inadequate to determine accurately which preschoolers in the pediatric emergency department are delayed in immunizations.
Parallelization in the Presence of Generalized Induction and Reduction Variables

The elimination of induction variables and the parallelization of reductions in FORTRAN programs has been shown to be integral to performance improvement on parallel computers [9, 10]. As part of the Polaris project, compiler passes that recognize these idioms have been implemented and evaluated. Developing these techniques to the point necessary for achieving signi(cid:12)cant speedups on real applications has prompted solutions to problems that have not been addressed in previous reports. These include analysis capabilities to disprove zero-trip loops, symbolic handling facilities to compute closed forms of recurrences, and interfaces to other compilation passes, such as the data-dependence test. In comparison, the analysis phase of induction variables, which has received most attention so far, has turned out to be relatively straightforward.
Peripheral T Cell Survival Requires Continual Ligation of the T Cell Receptor to Major Histocompatibility Complex–Encoded Molecules

In the thymus, T cells are selected according to their T cell receptor (TCR) specificity. After positive selection, mature cells are exported from primary lymphoid organs to seed the secondary lymphoid tissue. An important question is whether survival of mature T cells is an intrinsic property or requires continuous survival signals, i.e., engagement of the TCR by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in the periphery, perhaps in a similar way as occurring during thymic positive selection. To address this issue we used recombination-activating gene (Rag)-deficient H-2b mice expressing a transgenic TCR restricted by I-Ed class II MHC molecules. After engraftment with Rag−/− H-2d fetal thymi, CD4+8− peripheral T cells emerged. These cells were isolated and transferred into immunodeficient hosts of H-2b or H-2d haplotype, some of the latter being common cytokine receptor γ chain deficient to exclude rejection of H-2b donor cells by host natural killer cells. Our results show that in the absence, but not in the presence, of selecting MHC molecules, peripheral mature T cells are short lived and disappear within 7 wk, indicating that continuous contact of the TCR with selecting MHC molecules is required for survival of T cells.