Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical evaluation of oversized drilling technique on primary implant stability measured by insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis

Background This study evaluated the influence of implant site preparation depth on primary stability measured by insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Material and Methods Thirty-two implant sites were prepared in eight veal rib blocks. Sixteen sites were prepared using the conventional drilling sequence recommended by the manufacturer to a working depth of 10mm. The remaining 16 sites were prepared using an oversize drilling technique (overpreparation) to a working depth of 12mm. Bone density was determined using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). The implants were placed and primary stability was measured by two methods: insertion torque (Ncm), and RFA (implant stability quotient [ISQ]). Results The highest torque values were achieved by the conventional drilling technique (10mm). The ANOVA test confirmed that there was a significant correlation between torque and drilling depth (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were obtained between ISQ values at 10 or 12 mm drilling depths (p>0.05) at either measurement direction (cortical and medullar). No statistical relation between torque and ISQ values was identified, or between bone density and primary stability (p >0.05). Conclusions Vertical overpreparation of the implant bed will obtain lower insertion torque values, but does not produce statistically significant differences in ISQ values. Key words:Implant stability quotient, overdrilling, primary stability, resonance frequency analysis, torque.
THE SURPRISE ELEMENT: JUMPS IN INTEREST RATE DIFFUSIONS

That information surprises result in discontinuous interest rates is no surprise to participants in the bond markets. We develop a class of jump-di®usion models of the short rate to capture surprise e®ects, and show that these models o®er a good statistical distribution of short rate behavior, and are useful in understanding many empirical phenomena. Continuous-time and discrete-time estimators are used based on analytical derivations of the characteristic functions, moments and density functions of jump-di®usion stochastic processes for general jump distributions. Jump processes capture empirical features of the data which would not be captured by di®usion models, and there is strong evidence that existing di®usion models would be well-enhanced by jump and ARCH-type processes. The analytical and empirical methods in the paper support many applications, such as testing for Fed intervention e®ects, which are shown to be an important source of surprise jumps in interest rates. The jump model is shown to mitigate the non-linearity of interest rate drifts, so prevalent in pure-di®usion models. Day-of-week e®ects are modelled explicitly, and the jump model provides evidence of bond market overreaction, rejecting the martingale hypothesis for interest rates. Jump models mixed with Markov switching processes predicate that conditioning on regime is important in determining short rate behavior. Date: March 1999. I received useful comments from Yacine Ait-Sahalia, David Backus, David Bates, Rob Bliss, Bent Christensen, Greg Du®ee, Edwin Elton, Nick Firoozye, Martin Gruber, Steve Heston, Ravi Jagannathan, Apoorva Koticha, N.R. Prabhala, Ken Singleton, Rene Stulz, Marti Subrahmanyam, Rangarajan Sundaram, Walter Torous, Raman Uppal and Robert Whitelaw. Many thanks to Pierluigi Balduzzi, George Chacko and Silverio Foresi for their innumerable suggestions on this article. Stephen Lynagh provided capable research assistance. Any errors are mine. Please address all correspondence to Sanjiv Das at 361 Morgan Hall, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, Soldiers Field, Boston, MA 02163. Tel: 617-495-6080. Email: sdas@hbs.edu.
Design of single mode SMF, NZ-DSF and DCF optical fibers

This paper presents the work done for the purpose of designing single mode fiber (SMF), non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZ-DSF) and dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). The motivation is to utilize the local minimum at 1550 nm for attenuation loss. A GUI Based MATLAB program has been used to determine different parameters for a specific fiber and to present the result graphically. Users can fine tune the dispersion from the feature of this program and simultaneously observe its performance against Corning SMF 28. A step-index single mode fiber (SMF) with total dispersion of +17 ps/nm/km at 1550 nm has been designed with pure silica core and 13.3% B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:86.7% SiO<sub>2</sub> cladding. A step-index non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZ-DSF) with a total dispersion of +3 ps/nm/km at 1550 nm has been designed with a 3.1% Ge core and 13.3% B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:86.7% SiO<sub>2</sub> cladding. A step-index dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) with a total dispersion of -115 ps/nm/km has been designed with a 16.2% Na<sub>2</sub>O: 32.5% B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:50.6% SiO<sub>2 </sub> core and 9.1% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>:90.0% SiO<sub>2</sub> cladding
Dogleg Channel Routing with Parallel Mixed Integer Linear Programming Solvers

Channel routing is a type of problems arising in the detailed routing phase of VLSI physical design automation as well as in the design of printed circuit boards (PCBs). It has been known that channel routing problems can be formulated as constraint programming (CP) problems and thus CP solvers can be used to find solutions. In this article, we present a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation to gridded dogleg channel routing problems. As a result, parallel MILP solvers, which have the ability to exploit the computational power of multi-core processors, can be used to find solutions. Experimental results show that high degrees of scalability can be achieved. Owing to the properties of MILP problems, it is possible to further shorten the execution time if a computer containing more processor cores is available.
The role of added feed enzymes in promoting gut health in swine and poultry

The value of added feed enzymes (FE) in promoting growth and efficiency of nutrient utilisation is well recognised in single-stomached animal production. However, the effects of FE on the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are largely unrecognised. A critical role in host nutrition, health, performance and quality of the products produced is played by the intestinal microbiota. FE can make an impact on GIT microbial ecology by reducing undigested substrates and anti-nutritive factors and producing oligosaccharides in situ from dietary NSP with potential prebiotic effects. Investigations with molecular microbiology techniques have demonstrated FE-mediated responses on energy utilisation in broiler chickens that were associated with certain clusters of GIT bacteria. Furthermore, investigations using specific enteric pathogen challenge models have demonstrated the efficacy of FE in modulating gut health. Because FE probably change the substrate characteristics along the GIT, subsequent microbiota responses will vary according to the populations present at the time of administration and their reaction to such changes. Therefore, the microbiota responses to FE administration, rather than being absolute, are a continuum or a population of responses. However, recognition that FE can make an impact on the gut microbiota and thus gut health will probably stimulate development of FE capable of modulating gut microbiota to the benefit of host health under specific production conditions. The present review brings to light opportunities and challenges for the role of major FE (carbohydrases and phytase) on the gut health of poultry and swine species with a specific focus on the impact on GIT microbiota.
Increasing the information-theoretic secrecy by cooperative relaying and jamming

The use of cooperation to increase the information-theoretic secrecy in a decentralized ad-hoc wireless network is investigated. In particular, four cases of cooperative relaying are analyzed and compared. These cases include the no-cooperation case, the case with single-hop cooperation with multiple relays, the case with single-hop cooperation with the strongest relay, and finally the case of multi-hop cooperation with the strongest relay. From the results, it is seen that cooperation increases the probability of a positive secrecy rate between two nodes in a network with friendly (cooperative) nodes and eavesdropping nodes. The improved information-theoretic secrecy increases the probability that two nodes can share a secret message with perfect secrecy using a multi-hop route of trusted nodes. Cooperative jamming is also studied, and it is observed that very often it is more beneficial to use friendly nodes for cooperative jamming than cooperative relaying. Finally, a combination of cooperative relaying and jamming is considered.
New Ties between Computational Harmonic Analysis and Approximation Theory

Is the connection between approximation theory and har- monic analysis genuine? This question may seem a little provocative, especially in light of the recent literature about the significant inter- actions between wavelet analysis and nonlinear approximation. How- ever, this connection might just as well be an accident as it merely seems to be limited to wavelets. For instance, do we know of any other constructions giving important insights into central problems in approximation theory? The work surveyed in this paper suggests that the connection between applied harmonic analysis and approximation theory is much larger than that wavelets or Fourier analysis imply. We introduce some fundamentally new systems for representing functions, and will show how well those new constructions connect with central problems in approximation theory. Especially, we will explore the sub- ject of ridge function approximation and the problem of representing or approximating objects with spatial inhomogeneities.
Discovering Global Patterns in Linguistic Networks through Spectral Analysis: A Case Study of the Consonant Inventories

Recent research has shown that language and the socio-cognitive phenomena associated with it can be aptly modeled and visualized through networks of linguistic entities. However, most of the existing works on linguistic networks focus only on the local properties of the networks. This study is an attempt to analyze the structure of languages via a purely structural technique, namely spectral analysis, which is ideally suited for discovering the global correlations in a network. Application of this technique to PhoNet, the co-occurrence network of consonants, not only reveals several natural linguistic principles governing the structure of the consonant inventories, but is also able to quantify their relative importance. We believe that this powerful technique can be successfully applied, in general, to study the structure of natural languages.
Macroprudential Capital Requirements and Systemic Risk

When setting banks’ regulatory capital requirement based on their contribution to the overall risk of the banking system we have to consider that the risk of the banking system as well as each bank’s risk contribution changes once bank equity capital gets reallocated. We define macroprudential capital requirements as the fixed point at which each bank’s capital requirement equals its contribution to the risk of the system under the proposed capital requirements. We use a network based structural model to measure systemic risk and how it changes with bank capital and allocate risk to individual banks based on five risk allocation mechanisms used in the literature. Using a sample of Canadian banks we find that macroprudential capital allocations can differ by as much as 25% from observed capital levels, are not trivially related to bank size or individual bank default probability, increase in interbank assets, and differ substantially from a simple risk attribution analysis. We further find that across all risk allocation mechanisms macroprudential capital requirements reduce the default probabilities of individual banks as well as the probability of a systemic crisis by about 25%. Macroprudential capital requirements are robust to model risk and are positively correlated to future capital raised by banks as well as future losses in equity value. Our results suggest that financial stability can be substantially enhanced by implementing a systemic perspective on bank regulation.
Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 into Primary Sensory Neurons In Vitro Is Mediated by Nectin-1/HveC

ABSTRACT Primary cultures of rat and mouse sensory neurons were used to study the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Soluble, truncated nectin-1 but not HveA prevented viral entry. Antibodies against nectin-1 also blocked infection of rat neurons. These results indicate that nectin-1 is the primary receptor for HSV-1 infection of sensory neurons.
The Development of the Renewable Energy Power Industry under Feed-In Tariff and Renewable Portfolio Standard: A Case Study of China’s Photovoltaic Power Industry

Among the regulatory policies, feed-in tariffs (FIT) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are the most popular to promote the development of renewable energy power industry. They can significantly contribute to the expansion of domestic industrial activities in terms of sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthetically consider various important factors with the analysis of the existing literature, and use system dynamics (SD) to establish models of long-term development of the renewable energy power industry under FIT and RPS schemes. The model not only clearly shows the complex logical relationship between the factors but also reveals the process of coordination between the two policy tools in the development of the renewable energy power industry. In addition, as an example of development of renewable energy industry, the paper studies the development of China’s photovoltaic power industry under different scenarios. The models proposed in this paper can provide a reference for scholars to study development of the renewable energy power industry in different countries, thereby facilitating an understanding of the renewable energy power’s long-term sustainable development pattern under FIT and RPS schemes, and helping to provide references for policy-making institutions. The results show that in the perfect competitive market, the implementation of RPS can promote long-term and rapid development of China’s photovoltaic power industry given the constraints and actions of the mechanisms of RPS quota proportion, the TGC valid period, and fines, compared with FIT. At the end of the paper, policy implications are offered as references for the government.
Mechanotransduction at focal adhesions: from physiology to cancer development

Living cells are continuously exposed to mechanical cues, and can translate these signals into biochemical information (e.g. mechanotransduction). This process is crucial in many normal cellular functions, e.g. cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival, as well as the progression of diseases such as cancer. Focal adhesions are the major sites of interactions between extracellular mechanical environments and intracellular biochemical signalling molecules/cytoskeleton, and hence focal adhesion proteins have been suggested to play important roles in mechanotransduction. Here, we overview the current molecular understanding in mechanotransduction occurring at focal adhesions. We also introduce recent studies on how extracellular matrix and mechanical microenvironments contribute to the development of cancer.
Dynamic Schedule-Based Assignment Model for Urban Rail Transit Network with Capacity Constraints

There is a great need for estimation of passenger flow temporal and spatial distribution in urban rail transit network. The literature review indicates that passenger flow assignment models considering capacity constraints with overload delay factor for in-vehicle crowding are limited in schedule-based network. This paper proposes a stochastic user equilibrium model for solving the assignment problem in a schedule-based rail transit network with considering capacity constraint. As splitting the origin-destination demands into the developed schedule expanded network with time-space paths, the model transformed into a dynamic schedule-based assignment model. The stochastic user equilibrium conditions can be equivalent to the equilibrium passenger overload delay with crowding penalty in the transit network. The proposal model can estimate the path choice probability according to the equilibrium condition when passengers minimize their perceptive cost in a schedule-based network. Numerical example in Beijing urban rail transit (BURT) network is used to demonstrate the performance of the model and estimate the passenger flow temporal and spatial distribution more reasonably and dynamically with train capacity constraints.
Predictors of Outcomes in Medically Treated Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes After Angiographic Triage: An Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) Substudy

Background— Outcomes of patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes are improved with an early invasive approach; however, approximately one third of these patients are treated medically after angiographic screening. We sought to assess the predictors of adverse cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndrome assigned to medical management. Methods and Results— This substudy of the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial included 4491 acute coronary syndrome patients treated medically after angiographic triage. Rates of bleeding and composite ischemia (death, myocardial infarction, revascularization) were compared among the 3 antithrombotic treatment arms. Composite ischemia occurred in 399 patients (9.5%) at 1 year. Treatment with bivalirudin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors significantly reduced major bleeding at 30 days (2.5% bivalirudin monotherapy; P=0.005, 2.0% bivalirudin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors; P=0.0002 versus 4.4% heparin with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors). Composite ischemic events at 1 year were not significantly different in the 3 groups (bivalirudin monotherapy, 9.6%; bivalirudin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, 9.7%; heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, 9.1%). Independent predictors of composite ischemia were mostly angiographic factors at 30 days, including jeopardy score and coronary ectasia, and at 1 year, including previous percutaneous coronary intervention, jeopardy score, coronary ectasia, and increasing number of diseased vessels. Conclusions— Among the ACUITY acute coronary syndrome patients treated medically after angiographic triage, bivalirudin therapy significantly reduced bleeding complications compared with heparin without any negative impact on ischemic outcomes at 1 year. The most powerful predictors of ischemic outcomes were angiographic rather than traditional clinical parameters, supporting the early use of angiographic screening in the moderate- and high-risk but medically treated acute coronary syndrome population. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00093158.
Molecular and functional analysis indicates a mosaic structure of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2

Two large virulence loci encoding type III secretion systems are present on the chromosome of Salmonella typhimurium. Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) is important for the survival of S. typhimurium in host organs and forms an insertion of about 40 kb at the tRNAVal gene. However, several indications suggested that SPI2 was not the result of a single event of horizontal gene transfer. We characterized the portion of SPI2 towards the 30 cs boundary and performed mutational analysis to investigate the contribution of this region to S. enterica virulence. This analysis indicates that SPI2 may be composed of at least two different genetic elements. About 15 kb of the 40 kb of SPI2 contain genes without a significant contribution to systemic infections in the model of murine salmonellosis. Our study allowed us to define genes in SPI2 important for virulence further and indicated that this locus has a complex mosaic structure.
Improving the Performance of the Symmetric Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication in Multicore

Symmetric sparse matrices arise often in the solution of sparse linear systems. Exploiting the non-zero element symmetry in order to reduce the overall matrix size is very tempting for optimizing the symmetric Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication kernel (SpMxV) for multicore architectures. Despite being very beneficial for the single-threaded execution, not storing the upper or lower triangular part of a symmetric sparse matrix complicates the multithreaded SpMxV version, since it introduces an undesirable dependency on the output vector elements. The most common approach for overcoming this problem is to use local, per-thread vectors, which are reduced to the output vector at the end of the computation. However, this reduction leads to considerable memory traffic, limiting the scalability of the symmetric SpMxV. In this paper, we take a two-step approach in optimizing the symmetric SpMxV kernel. First, we introduce the CSX-Sym variant of the highly compressed CSX format, which exploits the non-zero element symmetry for compressing further the input matrix. Second, we minimize the memory traffic produced by the local vectors reduction phase by implementing a non-zero indexing compression scheme that minimizes the local data to be reduced. Our indexing scheme allowed the scaling of symmetric SpMxV and provided a more than 2x performance improvement over the baseline CSR implementation and 83.9% over the typical symmetric SpMxV kernel. The CSX-Sym variant has further increased the symmetric SpMxV performance by 43.4%. Finally, we evaluate the effect of our optimizations in the context of the CG iterative method, where we achieve an 77.8% acceleration of the overall solver.
NONVERBAL EXPRESSIONS OF DOMINANCE AND POWER IN HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS

F undamental to all social species is the negotiation and expression of dominance and power relationships. Whether it is establishing a pecking order or a marching order, proclaiming privileges or prohibitions, exercising leadership or intimidation, humans, like other mammals, have evolved intricate means of signaling in any social encounter who are “one up” or “one down,” who can “have” or “have not,” who “goes before” or “goes after. ” Such signaling is a necessity for creating
Sieve-Based Entity Linking for the Biomedical Domain

We examine a key task in biomedical text processing, normalization of disorder mentions. We present a multi-pass sieve approach to this task, which has the advantage of simplicity and modularity. Our approach is evaluated on two datasets, one comprising clinical reports and the other comprising biomedical abstracts, achieving state-of-the-art results.