Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empathy and Moral Developeent in Adolescence.

The relationship between empathy and two measures of moral development (prosocial moral reasoning and helping) and parental socialization practices was examined using a sample of 72 ninth, eleventh, and twelfth graders. Empathy was significantly related to moral reasoning for both sexes and to helping for males. Maternal child-rearing practices were related to sons' empathy; mothers of highly empathic boys were nonpunitive, nonrestrictive, egalitarian, encouraged their offspring to discuss their problems, and set high standards for their sons. Females' empathy was not associated with parental socialization practices, perhaps due to a ceiling effect. While the relationship between children's cognitive role-taking abilities (understanding the perspectives of others) and level of moral development has been well established, the role of affective role taking or empathy (matching one's own feelings with the corresponding feelings of someone else) is less clear. Yet it is entirely reasonable to hypothesize that affective role-taking ability is a significant antecedent of helping behavior and of level of moral judgment. Data bearing on the problem are limited and not entirely consistent, however; some investigators have found positive relationships between measures of empathy and helping among adults (Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972), but children's empathy has not been consistently related to either moral judgment or generosity (Fay, 1970).
Impact of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment with No Dementia on Health-Related Quality of Life

Background and Purpose Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept that signifies a subjective evaluation of perceived health; hence, it has gained wide acceptance in geriatrics. However, its application has not been tested in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment with no dementia (PSCIND). We investigated whether PSCIND interferes with HRQoL measured by EQ-5D, compared the findings to those of healthy people with normal cognition, and evaluated the influence of each cognitive domain on this score. Methods In total, 1,528 subjects were identified who had undergone neuropsychological assessment using the 60-min protocol of the Korean version of Vascular Cognitive Impairment Harmonization Standards, EQ-5D, and magnetic resonance imaging at the stroke prevention clinic. Fifty PSCIND patients were matched to 50 post-stroke dementia (PSD) patients and 50 normal age- (±3 years) and sex-matched controls. The effects of PSCIND, PSD, and control groups upon the EQ-5Dindex score were tested by generalized estimating equation modeling. Results Estimated means±standard errors of EQ-5Dindex scores were as follows: 0.94±0.06 (control group), 0.86±0.08 (PSCIND group), and 0.61±0.32 (PSD group); and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons showed that EQ-5Dindex scores in the PSCIND group differed from those in the PSD and control groups (both P<0.01). No cognitive domain was specifically associated with EQ-5Dindex scores after adjusting for functional status. Conclusions This study shows that PSCIND may interfere with the quality of life in stroke victims.
One-rate models outperform two-rate models in site-specific dN / dS estimation

Methods that infer site-specific dN/dS, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates, from coding data have been developed primarily to identify positively selected sites (dN/dS > 1). As a consequence, it is largely unknown how well different inference methods can infer dN/dS point estimates at individual sites. In particular, dN/dS may be estimated using either a one-rate approach, where dN/dS is parameterized as a single parameter, or a two-rate approach, in which dN and dS are estimated separately. While some have suggested that the two-rate paradigm may be preferred for positive-selection inference, the relative merits of these two paradigms for site-specific dN/dS estimation remain largely untested. Here, we systematically assess how accurately several popular inference frameworks infer site-specific dN/dS values using alignments simulated within a mutation-selection framework rather than within a dN/dS-based framework. As mutation-selection models describe long-term evolutionary constraints, our simulation approach further allows us to study under what conditions inferred dN/dS captures the underlying equilibrium evolutionary process. We find that one-rate inference models universally outperform two-rate models. Surprisingly, we recover this result even for data simulated with codon bias (i.e., dS varies among sites). Therefore, even when extensive dS variation exists, modeling this variation substantially reduces accuracy. We additionally find that high levels of divergence among sequences, rather than the number of sequences in the alignment, are more critical for obtaining precise point estimates. We conclude that inference methods which model dN/dS with a single parameter are the preferred choice for estimating reliable site-specific dN/dS ratios. 2 . CC-BY 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/032805 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Nov. 24, 2015;
A reevaluation of the mathematical models for simulating single‐channel and whole‐cell ionic currents

We have developed a technique that allows for the simulation of both single‐channel and whole cell ionic currents given any arbitrary first‐order kinetic scheme for the conformational states of an ion channel. The procedure is based on the solution of the master equation, which, in turn, is a general expression for a Markov process. The solution is expressed in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the kinetic system and the system's deviation from equilibrium. Our derived expression provides a general recipe for the calculation of whole‐cell currents. By further manipulation of this expression, we show how conditional probabilities are derived that can be used for the simulation of single‐channel currents. We discuss computer implementation of the results so that complicated kinetic schemes can be solved numerically. Finally, we demonstrate the procedure by providing a worked example of a simple model of activation followed by inactivation.
Medical concept extraction: A comparison of statistical and semantic methods

The goal of medical concept extraction is to identify phrases that refer to medical concepts of interest such as problems, treatments and tests from medical documents. In this study, three types of medical concept extraction models are developed and then compared them. The first concept extraction task is mainly based upon semantic features obtained from a domain-knowledge based method using MetaMap, and the other two are machine-learning methods with using sequential classifier Conditional Random Fields (CRF) for both with and without MetaMap outputs as features. Among the three concept extraction models, the combined approach of CRF with MetaMap features obtained the best results.
Phase I trial of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with invasive fungal infections.

A phase I dose escalation trial of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhM-CSF) in combination with conventional antifungal therapy was conducted in 24 marrow transplant recipients with invasive fungal infection. Daily doses ranged from 100 to 2,000 micrograms/m2/d. Toxicity, such as constitutional symptoms, directly ascribed to rhM-CSF was not observed; however, transient, dose-related thrombocytopenia was observed. Patients who received 2,000 micrograms/m2/d of rhM-CSF had a mean reduction in platelet count of 61,000/mm3 during the rhM-CSF infusion period, which was significant when compared with patients who received lower doses of rhM-CSF (P = .008). Fourteen of the 16 patients who received rhM-CSF after undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation had no change in the severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) while receiving rhM-CSF. One had an increase in the severity of GVHD and one had a decrease. There were no effects on neutrophil, monocyte, or lymphocyte counts. Six patients had resolution of their infections, 12 were not evaluable for response, and six did not respond. Ten patients survived 100 days after initiation of rhM-CSF and 14 died. Further trials with rhM-CSF to assess antifungal activity are indicated.
Efficient decoding of Reed-Solomon codes beyond half the minimum distance

A list decoding algorithm is presented for the family of generalized Reed-Solomon (GRS) codes, capable of correcting a number of errors greater than half the minimum distance d of the code. Based on a previous work of Sudan (see J. Compl., vol.13, p.180-93, 1997), an extended key equation is derived for GRS codes, which is reduced to the classical key equation when the number of errors is limited to [(d-1)/2]. Using a technique due to Feng and Tzeng (1991), an algorithm is obtained for solving the extended key equation in time complexity quadratic in d. For comparison, the time complexity of the respective part in Sudan's algorithm is cubic in the code length.
Funneling-MAC: a localized, sink-oriented MAC for boosting fidelity in sensor networks

Sensor networks exhibit a unique funneling effect which is a product of the distinctive many-to-one, hop-by-hop traffic pattern found in sensor networks, and results in a significant increase in transit traffic intensity, collision, congestion, packet loss, and energy drain as events move closer toward the sink. While network (e.g., congestion control) and application techniques (e.g., aggregation) can help counter this problem they cannot fully alleviate it. We take a different but complementary approach to solving this problem than found in the literature and present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a localized, sink-oriented, funneling-MAC capable of mitigating the funneling effect and boosting application fidelity in sensor networks. The funneling-MAC is based on a CSMA/CA being implemented network-wide, with a localized TDMA algorithm overlaid in the funneling region (i.e., within a small number of hops from the sink). In this sense, the funneling-MAC represents a hybrid MAC approach but does not have the scalability problems associated with the network-wide deployment of TDMA. The funneling-MAC is 'sink-oriented' because the burden of managing the TDMA scheduling of sensor events in the funneling region falls on the sink node, and not on resource limited sensor nodes; and it is 'localized' because TDMA only operates locally in the funneling region close to the sink and not across the complete sensor field. We show through experimental results from a 45 mica-2 testbed that the funneling-MAC mitigates the funneling effect, improves throughput, loss, and energy efficiency, and importantly, significantly outperforms other representative protocols such as B-MAC, and more recent hybrid TDMA/CSMA MAC protocols such as Z-MAC.
City-Stories: A Multimedia Hybrid Content and Entity Retrieval System for Historical Data

Information systems used in tourism rely mostly on up-to-date content on attractive places. In addition, these systems increasingly make use of archived photographs, documents, films, or even ancient paintings and other artwork by integrating such curated content from museums and memory institutions, possibly enriched with user-provided content. Hence the distinction between cultural heritage applications and tourism more and more blurs. Users are not only interested in the current appearance of landscapes, monuments, or buildings, but also in the evolution of these places over time. This requires large multimedia collections which integrate content from several cultural heritage institutions. As a consequence, interactive retrieval systems for historical multimedia are needed that support homogeneous content-based and semantic querying despite the heterogeneity of these collections. In this paper we present City-Stories , a multimedia hybrid content and entity retrieval system. City-Stories is based on a state-of-the-art open source multimedia retrieval system. Multimedia features in City-Stories represent multiple semantic levels: low-level (e.g., color, edge, motion), mid-level (e.g., date, location, objects), and high-level features (e.g., semantic entities, scene category). For the latter, City-Stories applies entity recognition and entity linking for identifying semantic concepts and linking objects across media types. Consequently, City-Stories supports various types of cross-modal queries. Moreover, City-Stories uses a map-based visualization layer that facilitates spatial queries and browsing. Finally, City-Stories follows a crowdsourcing approach for content annotation and for enriching curated content with multimedia objects and documents provided by users. The paper shows how the City-Stories system seamlessly combines content-based search with entity-based navigation and leverages the wisdom of the crowd for manual annotations
Secure remote reconfiguration of an FPGA-based embedded system

This paper describes the protocol, architecture, and implementation details of an FPGA-based embedded system that is able to remotely reconfigure the FPGA, using a TCP/IP connection, in a secure way. When considering the security aspects, we imply data confidentiality, explicit key authentication and data origin authentication. Since these aspects are overhead for the main application, the system is to be as small as possible. Therefore we have focused on compactness rather than on speed for the implementation. The implemented solution exists out of 2 components: a communication part and a cryptographic part. The system can be easily integrated at any point in the design of an FPGA-based embedded system, due to the simple and modular architecture.
A geometrical constraint approach for reproducing the native backbone conformation of a protein

It is known that the backbone conformation of a protein can be reproduced with precision once a correct contact map (two‐dimensional representation showing residue pairs in contact) is given as geometrical constraints. There is, however, no way to infer the correct contact map for a protein of unknown structure. We started with one‐dimensional constraints using the quantity N14 (the number of neighboring residues within the radius of 14 Å). Since the plot of N14 along a chain shows a good correlation with the corresponding amino acid sequence, the N14 profile obtained from the X‐ray structure is predictable from the sequence. Construction of backbone conformations under a given N14 profile was carried out in the following two steps: (1) a contact map from the N14 profile was produced by taking the product of N14 values of every two residues; (2) backbone conformations were generated by applying the distance geometry technique to distance constraints given by the contact map. If present, disulfide bonds in a protein, as well as the secondary structure, were treated as additional constraints, and both cases with or without the additional information were examined. The method was tested for 11 proteins of known structure, and the results indicated that the reproduced conformation was fairly good, using an X‐ray structure for comparison, for small proteins of less than 80 residues long. The basic assumption and effectiveness of the present method were compared with those of previous studies employing the geometrical constraint approach. It has become clear that the specific, one‐dimensional information (e.g., N14 profile) is more effective than nonspecific, two‐dimensional constraints, such as average interresidue distances between particular types of amino acids. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early Start Denver Model for Young Children with Autism: Promoting Language, Learning, and Engagement

Current Understanding of Infant Learning and Autism. An Overview of the Early Start Denver Model. Using the Early Start Denver Model. Developing Short-term Learning Objectives. Formulating Daily Teaching Targets and Tracking Progress. Developing Plans and Frames for Teaching. Developing Imitation and Play. Developing Nonverbal Communication. Developing Verbal Communication. Using the Early Start Denver Model in Group Settings. Appendix A: Early Start Denver Model Curriculum Checklist and Item Descriptions. Appendix B: Early Start Denver Model Teaching Fidelity Rating System: Administration and Coding.
Using Deep Structure to Locate Hard Problems

One usually writes A.I. programs to be used on a range of examples which, although similar in kind, differ in detail. This paper shows how to predict where, in a space of problem instances, the hardest problems are to be found and where the fluctuations in difficulty are greatest Our key insight is to shift emphasis from modelling sophisticated algorithms directly to modelling a search space which captures their principal effects. This allows us to analyze complex A.I. problems in a simple and intuitive way. We present a sample analysis, compare our model's quantitative predictions with data obtained independently and describe how to exploit the results to estimate the value of preprocessing. Finally, we circumscribe the kind problems to which the methodology is suited.
Survey of State-ofthe-art in Inter-VM Communication Mechanisms

Advances in virtualization technology have focused mainly on strengthening the isolation barrier between virtual machines (VMs) that are coresident within a single physical machine. At the same time, a large category of communication intensive distributed applications and software components exist, such as web services, high performance grid applications, transaction processing, and graphics rendering, that often wish to communicate across this isolation barrier with other endpoints on coresident VMs. This report presents a survey of the state-of-the-art research that aims to improve communication between applications on colocated virtual machines. These efforts can be classified under two broad categories: (a) shared-memory approaches that bypass the traditional network communication datapath to improve both latency and throughput of communication. (b) improvements to CPU scheduling algorithms at the hypervisor-level that address the latency requirements of inter-VM communication. We describe the state-of-the-art approaches in these two categories, compare and contrast their benefits and drawbacks, and outline open research problems in this area.
Alcohol and the pancreas.

This article represents the proceedings of a workshop at the 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The presentations were (1) Phenotypic alteration of myofibroblast during ethanol-induced pancreatic injury: its relation to bFGF, by Masahiko Nakamura, Kanji Tsuchimoto, and Hiromasa Ishii; (2) Activation of pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic fibrosis, by Paul S. Haber, Gregory W. Keogh, Minoti V. Apte, Corey S. Moran, Nancy L. Stewart, Darrell H.G. Crawford, Romano C. Pirola, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Grant A. Ramm, and Jeremy S. Wilson; (3) Pancreatic blood flow and pancreatic enzyme secretion on acute ethanol infusion in anesthetized RAT, by H. Nishino, M. Kohno, R. Aizawa, and N. Tajima; (4) Genotype difference of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in relation to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis between the alcoholic in the National Institute on Alcoholism and patients in other general hospitals in Japan, by K. Maruyama, H. Takahashi, S. Matsushita, K. Okuyama, A. Yokoyama, Y. Nakamura, K. Shirakura, and H. Ishii; and (5) Alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes, by Katherine M. Conigrave, B. Frank Hu, Carlos A. Camargo Jr, Meir J. Stampfer, Walter C. Willett, and Eric B. Rimm.
Improving Skin Aging, Skin Hydration and Sensitive Skin with Four Specific Skin Care Products: Results from a Single-Centre, Observational, Prospective Study

In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of four skin care products indicated for skin hydration (Aqua Therapy® and Perfecta® ), skin aging (Unica Resurfacing Therapy® ) and sensitive skin (Comfort Therapy® ), in four groups of 7 volunteers with different skin types. These products belong to four skin care ranges (Aqua® , Perfecta® , Unica® and Comfort® ) and are formulated with a specific combination of active compounds (Dermo28® ). Evaluation of sebum secretion, hydration and pH of the skin (all groups), wrinkle severity (Unica Resurfacing Therapy® ) and erythema (Comfort Therapy® ) was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. A significant increase in hydration was recorded in subjects with dry skin receiving Aqua Therapy® for facial hydration and Perfecta® for body hydration, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). A significant decrease in the modified Fitzpatrick wrinkle scale (p = 0.006) and an increase in sebum secretion and hydration (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001, respectively) were observed in the Unica Resurfacing Therapy® group. In subjects with sensitive skin (Comfort Therapy® ), a decrease in erythema (p = 0.012), an increase in sebum secretion (p = 0.001) and hydration (p < 0.001), and a reduction in pH (p = 0.005) were detected at the end of treatment. Only one patient reported a minor adverse event. This specific combination of active ingredients was clinically effective and safe, and contributed to skin surface hydrolipidic film regeneration, improvement of wrinkle depth and reduction of redness.
An almost-optimally fair three-party coin-flipping protocol

In a multiparty fair coin-flipping protocol, the parties output a common (close to) unbiased bit, even when some corrupted parties try to bias the output. Cleve [STOC 1986] has shown that in the case of dishonest majority (i.e., at least half of the parties can be corrupted), in any m-round coin-flipping protocol, the corrupted parties can bias the honest parties' common output bit by Ω(1/m). For more than two decades, the best known coin-flipping protocols against dishonest majority had bias [EQUATION], where ℓ is the number of corrupted parties. This was changed by a recent breakthrough result of Moran et al. [TCC 2009], who constructed an m-round, two-party coin-flipping protocol with optimal bias Θ(1/m). In a subsequent work, Beimel et al. [Crypto 2010] extended this result to the multiparty case in which less than 2/3 of the parties can be corrupted. Still for the case of 2/3 (or more) corrupted parties, the best known protocol had bias [EQUATION]. In particular, this was the state of affairs for the natural three-party case. We make a step towards eliminating the above gap, presenting an m-round, three-party coin-flipping protocol, with bias O(log2m)/m. Our approach (which we also apply for the two-party case) does not follow the "threshold round" paradigm used in the work of Moran et al. and Beimel et al., but rather is a variation of the majority protocol of Cleve, used to obtain the aforementioned [EQUATION]-bias protocol.