Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling

DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (MTIs) have recently emerged as promising chemotherapeutic or preventive agents for cancer, despite their poorly characterized mechanisms of action. The present study shows that DNA methylation is integral to the regulation of SH2‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1) expression, but not for regulation of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS)1 or SOCS3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. SHP1 expression correlates with down‐regulation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK2/STAT3/STAT5) signalling, which is mediated in part by tyrosine dephosphorylation events and modulation of the proteasome pathway. Up‐regulation of SHP1 expression was achieved using a DNA MTI, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dc), which also generated significant down‐regulation of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling. We demonstrate that 5‐aza‐dc suppresses growth of CRC cells, and induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through regulation of downstream targets of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling including Bcl‐2, p16ink4a, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1. Although 5‐aza‐dc did not significantly inhibit cell invasion, 5‐aza‐dc did down‐regulate expression of focal adhesion kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor in CRC cells. Our results demonstrate that 5‐aza‐dc can induce SHP1 expression and inhibit JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling. This study represents the first evidence towards establishing a mechanistic link between inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling and the anticancer action of 5‐aza‐dc in CRC cells that may lead to the use of MTIs as a therapeutic intervention for human colorectal cancer.
What is the Problem of Universals? From Explanation to Description

In this article I will examine a metaontological problem, which has lately been thematized for example in [19]: what is the problem of universals? I will argue for a different solution from the one that has recently been popular, a solution that represents a return to an older view. What is the problem to which the postulation of universals or alternatively of tropes (or of both in barocque ontologies like that of Barry Smith) is a solution, and what kind of method could be used to defend an answer to it? A very popular position, recently defended by for example Rodriguez-Pereyra in [19] and in [20] and by Chris Swoyer in [26, page 247] is that the problem could only be the problem of how something is possible and the method must hence be inference to the best explanation, i. e. abduction in the sense in which Peirce used the word. Abduction is often explicitly contrasted with conceptual analysis, which is held to be a wrong way to solve the problem. In this article I will give an argument against this popular supposition, arguing that the problem is instead just a problem of what exists, and that in order to solve its main part demonstrative reasoning is enough, though abductive reasoning may also play a part in solving other parts of it. I will concentrate mostly on Rodriguez-Pereyra’s version of this supposition, since he makes the most use of it and presents it rather clearly. It is vital for his argument for his theory of universals, a version of resemblance nominalism. Thus if he can be shown to be wrong in this claim, then most of his arguments for resemblance nominalism will collapse. However, I will also examine briefly what use other philosophers have made of this claim and how they argue for it, since my ultimate aim is to show that the assumptions common to all of them are false. Some philosophers (such as van Fraassen in [27]) have attacked the very existence of valid inference to the best explanation, claiming that a theory can never be justified just by showing that it would explain something. Of course if
MLL-Rearranged Leukemias—An Update on Science and Clinical Approaches

The mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) gene (now renamed Lysine [K]-specific MethylTransferase 2A or KMT2A) on chromosome 11q23 is disrupted in a unique group of acute leukemias. More than 80 different partner genes in these fusions have been described, although the majority of leukemias result from MLL1 fusions with one of about six common partner genes. Approximately 10% of all leukemias harbor MLL1 translocations. Of these, two patient populations comprise the majority of cases: patients younger than 1 year of age at diagnosis (primarily acute lymphoblastic leukemias) and young- to-middle-aged adults (primarily acute myeloid leukemias). A much rarer subgroup of patients with MLL1 rearrangements develop leukemia that is attributable to prior treatment with certain chemotherapeutic agents—so-called therapy-related leukemias. In general, outcomes for all of these patients remain poor when compared to patients with non-MLL1 rearranged leukemias. In this review, we will discuss the normal biological roles of MLL1 and its fusion partners, how these roles are hypothesized to be dysregulated in the context of MLL1 rearrangements, and the clinical manifestations of this group of leukemias. We will go on to discuss the progress in clinical management and promising new avenues of research, which may lead to more effective targeted therapies for affected patients.
Approximate nearest neighbor search using self-organizing map clustering for face recognition system

This paper presents face recognition system that is based on Self-Organizing Map (SOM) clustering. In order to reduce the time consumption in nearest neighbor search, SOM clustering scheme is used to group the training data and determine prototypes of each group. Local feature selection process is employed to reduce dimension of data in each group. To show the performance of the proposed scheme over various choices of feature extraction method, PCA (Eigenface), 2DPCA, and SOM-Face are tested in the experiment. Recognition accuracy and time consumption are measured in comparison with k-d Tree search and the other clustering based search schemes by using the dataset of 1,560 face images from 156 people. The experiments show that the proposed scheme can obtain the best recognition rate of 99.36% while it reduces the time consumption.
ANS Responses and Facial Expressions Differentiate between the Taste of Commercial Breakfast Drinks

The high failure rate of new market introductions, despite initial successful testing with traditional sensory and consumer tests, necessitates the development of other tests. This study explored the ability of selected physiological and behavioral measures of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to distinguish between repeated exposures to foods from a single category (breakfast drinks) and with similar liking ratings. In this within-subject study 19 healthy young adults sipped from five breakfast drinks, each presented five times, while ANS responses (heart rate, skin conductance response and skin temperature), facial expressions, liking, and intensities were recorded. The results showed that liking was associated with increased heart rate and skin temperature, and more neutral facial expressions. Intensity was associated with reduced heart rate and skin temperature, more neutral expressions and more negative expressions of sadness, anger and surprise. Strongest associations with liking were found after 1 second of tasting, whereas strongest associations with intensity were found after 2 seconds of tasting. Future studies should verify the contribution of the additional information to the prediction of market success.
Gene expression pattern Identification and characterization of the Drosophila tau homolog

A pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease and a group of clinically heterogeneous frontotemporal dementias, is the presence of intracellular neurofibrillary protein lesions (reviewed in Spillantini and Goedert, TINS 10 (1998) 428). The principal component of these structures is the microtubule-associated protein tau. Although tau is normally a highly soluble protein enriched in axons, in these deposits, it is abnormally hyperphosphorylated, insoluble, and redistributed to the somatodendritic compartments of neurons. Through ultrastructual analyses, it has been determined that the tau protein in these lesions is filamentous and organized into paired-helical filaments, straight filaments, or ribbon-like filaments (Goedert et al., The Molecular and Genetic Basis of Neurological Disease (1997) 613). By the dynamic binding of microtubules, tau is thought to promote the structural stability of axons, but whether tau aggregates contribute to neurodegeneration through a direct toxicity on normal cellular functions such as organelle transport or an indirect effect on microtubule stability, is currently unknown. The identification of mutations in the tau locus in patients with familial frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 has demonstrated that mutations in tau are sufficient to cause neurodegenerative disease (Poorkaj et al., Ann. Neurol. 43 (1998) 815; Hutton et al., Nature 393 (1998) 702). To elucidate the mechanisms by which tau dysfunction contributes to neuronal loss, we have sought to model human tauopathies in a genetically tractable organism. Here we describe the isolation of a Drosophila tau cDNA (GenBank accession number AY032977), the production of antibodies that recognize the encoded protein, and their use in determining the expression and subcellular localization of the fly tau protein. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Quality of Life in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: Are There Significant Differences?

In the present investigation, we compared the impact of illness on quality of life (QOL) in adult outpatients with unipolar (N = 89) and bipolar (N = 25) depression. While attending a university hospital in southern Brazil, patients completed the WHO's QOL Instrument-Short Version and the Beck Depression Inventory. After analyses, patients with bipolar depression reported significantly lower scores on the psychological QOL domain (p = .013) than patients with unipolar depression. There were no significant differences between the study groups in terms of social and demographic variables, in the other QOL domains assessed (i.e., physical health, social relationships, and environmental), and in the severity of depressive symptoms. In conclusion, our findings suggest that patients with bipolar and unipolar depressions have different QOL profiles, and that this difference is probably independent of the severity of the mood disturbance and might be related to the higher rates of suicide observed in the bipolar population.
DESIGN STUDIES FOR REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING OF INFRARED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE DATA

Faced with the challenge of enormous data volumes specified by forthcoming imaging infrared interferometers, and the necessity of processing this data in a timely fashion, we have conducted design studies and built prototypes of a distributed data processing system capable of meeting throughput and latency requirements. Such a system must take in raw instrument data (interferograms of scene and reference black bodies) and produce radiometrically calibrated infrared spectra, as well as vertical atmospheric profiles retrieved from these spectra, including temperature and water vapor mixing ratio. The system must also take advantage of the inherently parallel profile of the data processing, and be designed to survive many generations of computing hardware evolution. We illustrate the current iteration of our test system, together with the problems encountered and the solutions devised. Applications to current ground and airborne interferometers as well as future spacecraft instruments are also presented.
Cross Protection against Influenza A Virus by Yeast-Expressed Heterologous Tandem Repeat M2 Extracellular Proteins

The influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) is well conserved across human influenza A subtypes, but there are few residue changes among avian and swine origin influenza A viruses. We expressed a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e sequences (M2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian origin influenza A viruses using the yeast expression system. Intramuscular immunization of mice with AS04-adjuvanted M2e5x protein vaccines was effective in inducing M2e-specific antibodies reactive to M2e peptide and native M2 proteins on the infected cells with human, swine, or avian influenza virus, mucosal and systemic memory cellular immune responses, and cross-protection against H3N2 virus. Importantly, M2e5x immune sera were found to confer protection against different subtypes of H1N1 and H5N1 influenza A viruses in naïve mice. Also, M2e5x-immune complexes of virus-infected cells stimulated macrophages to secrete cytokines via Fc receptors, indicating a possible mechanism of protection. The present study provides evidence that M2e5x proteins produced in yeast cells could be developed as a potential universal influenza vaccine.
Search for dynamic targets with uncertain probability maps

This paper extends a recently developed statistical framework for UAV search with uncertain probability maps to the case of dynamic targets. The probabilities used to encode the information about the environment are typically assumed to be exactly known in the search theory literature, but they are often the result of prior information that is both erroneous and delayed, and will likely be poorly known to mission designers. Our previous work developed a new framework that accounted for the uncertainty in the probability maps for stationary targets, and this paper extends the approach to more realistic dynamic environments. The dynamic case considers probabilistic target motion, creating uncertain probability maps (UPMs) that take into account both poor knowledge of the probabilities and the propagation of their uncertainty through the environment. A key result of this paper is a new algorithm for implementing UPM's in real-time, and it is shown in various simulations that this algorithm leads to more cautious information updates that are less susceptible to false alarms. The paper also provides insights on the impact of the design parameters on the responsiveness of the new algorithm. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new framework
Accounting and Finance

FORWARD BY ALLAN MELTZER INTRODUCTION BY JAMES ROSENFELD II VOLUME II ACCOUNTING 1. Multiple Regression Analysis of Cost Behavior THE ACCOUNTING REVIEW 2. Published Corporate Accounting Data and Stock Prices, Pt. I, Published Corporate Accounting Data and Stock Prices, Pt. II JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH 3. Required Disclosure and the Stock Market: An Evaluation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 4. Public (U.S.) Compared to Private (U.K.) Regulation of Corporate Financial Disclosure THE ACCOUNTING REVIEW 5. DAAM: The Demand for Alternative Accounting Measurements WITH M. KRASNEY JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH 6. Fair-Value Accounting: A Cautionary Tale from Enron JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND PUBLIC POLICY 7. The Value of the SEC's Accounting Disclosure Requirements THE ACCOUNTING REVIEW 8. Financial Reporting of Derivatives: An Analysis of the Issues, Evaluation of Proposals, and a Suggested Solution WITH SHEHZAD MIAN JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ENGINEERING 9. Principles- Versus Rules-Based Accounting Standards: The FASB's Standard Setting Strategy WITH MICHAEL BROMWICH AND ALFRED WAGENHOFER ABACUS FINANCE 10. Determinants of Bid-Asked Margins in the Over-the-Counter Market WITH ROBERT L. HAGERMAN JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS 11. A Transactions Cost Approach to the Theory of Financial Intermediating WITH CLIFFORD W. SMITH, JR. JOURNAL OF FINANCE 12. The Impact of Maturity Regulation on High Interest Rate Lenders and Borrowers JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS 13. Risk on Consumer Finance Company Personal Loans JOURNAL OF FINANCE 14. Rate Ceiling Implications of the Cost Structure of Consumer Finance Companies JOURNAL OF FINANCE 15. The Self-Serving Management Hypothesis Some Evidence JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMICS 16. Why Effective Spreads on NASADQ Were Higher than on the New York Stock Exchange in the 1990s WITH ROBERT A. WOOD JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL FINANCE
Megakaryoblastic Leukemia 1, a Potent Transcriptional Coactivator for Serum Response Factor (SRF), Is Required for Serum Induction of SRF Target Genes

ABSTRACT Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) is a myocardin-related transcription factor that we found strongly activated serum response element (SRE)-dependent reporter genes through its direct binding to serum response factor (SRF). The c-fos SRE is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation of ternary complex factor (TCF) but is also regulated by a RhoA-dependent pathway. The mechanism of this pathway is unclear. Since MKL1 (also known as MAL, BSAC, and MRTF-A) is broadly expressed, we assessed its role in serum induction of c-fos and other SRE-regulated genes with a dominant negative MKL1 mutant (DN-MKL1) and RNA interference (RNAi). We found that DN-MKL1 and RNAi specifically blocked SRE-dependent reporter gene activation by serum and RhoA. Complete inhibition by RNAi required the additional inhibition of the related factor MKL2 (MRTF-B), showing the redundancy of these factors. DN-MKL1 reduced the late stage of serum induction of endogenous c-fos expression, suggesting that the TCF- and RhoA-dependent pathways contribute to temporally distinct phases of c-fos expression. Furthermore, serum induction of two TCF-independent SRE target genes, SRF and vinculin, was nearly completely blocked by DN-MKL1. Finally, the RBM15-MKL1 fusion protein formed by the t(1;22) translocation of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia had a markedly increased ability to activate SRE reporter genes, suggesting that its activation of SRF target genes may contribute to leukemogenesis.
On the tractable counting of theory models and its application to belief revision and truth maintenance

We introduced decomposable negation normal form (DNNF) recently as a tractable form of propositional theories, and provided a number of powerful logical operations that can be performed on it in polynomial time. We also presented an algorithm for compiling any conjunctive normal form (CNF) into DNNF and provided a structure-based guarantee on its space and time complexity. We present in this paper a linear-time algorithm for converting an ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) representation of a propositional theory into an equivalent DNNF, showing that DNNFs scale as well as OBDDs. We also identify a subclass of DNNF which we call deterministic DNNF, d-DNNF, and show that the previous complexity guarantees on compiling DNNF continue to hold for this stricter subclass, which has stronger properties. In particular, we present a new operation on d-DNNF which allows us to count its models under the assertion, retraction and flipping of every literal by traversing the d-DNNF twice. That is, after such traversal, we can test in constant-time: the entailment of any literal by the d-DNNF, and the consistency of the d-DNNF under the retraction or flipping of any literal. We demonstrate the significance of these new operations by showing how they allow us to implement linear-time, complete truth maintenance systems and linear-time, complete belief revision systems for two important classes of propositional theories.
The Dynamics of Evolving Beliefs, Concerns Emotions, and Behavioral Avoidance Following 9/11: A Longitudinal Analysis of Representative Archival Samples

September 11 created a natural experiment that enables us to track the psychological effects of a large‐scale terror event over time. The archival data came from 8,070 participants of 10 ABC and CBS News polls collected from September 2001 until September 2006. Six questions investigated emotional, behavioral, and cognitive responses to the events of September 11 over a five‐year period. We found that heightened responses after September 11 dissipated and reached a plateau at various points in time over a five‐year period. We also found that emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions were moderated by age, sex, political affiliation, and proximity to the attack. Both emotional and behavioral responses returned to a normal state after one year, whereas cognitively‐based perceptions of risk were still diminishing as late as September 2006. These results provide insight into how individuals will perceive and respond to future similar attacks.
How the ECB and the US Fed set interest rates

Monetary policies of the European Central Bank (ECB) and US Fed can be characterized by ‘Taylor rules’, that is both central banks seem to be setting rates by taking into account the ‘output gap’ and inflation. We also set up and tested Taylor rules which incorporate money growth and the euro–dollar exchange rate, thereby improving the ‘fit’ between actual and Taylor rule based rates. In general, Taylor rules appear to be a much better way of describing Fed policy than ECB policy. Simulations suggest that the ECB's short-term interest rates have been at a much lower level in the last 2 years compared with what a Taylor rule would suggest.
Knowledge Goods, Ordinary Goods, and the Effects of Trade between Leading and Lagging Regions

We study the effects of trade in knowledge and ordinary goods on the income and welfare gap between a leading and a lagging region. Knowledge goods are invented and produced in the leading region only. In contrast, ordinary goods can be produced in both regions. Our analysis sheds light on four salient questions. First, we determine the equilibrium wage ratio between the leading and the lagging regions. Second, we show that increasing the rate at which the lagging region copies the technology for producing knowledge goods narrows the income and welfare gap between the leading and the lagging regions. Third, we find the steady state level of welfare in the leading region. Finally, we note that an increase in the rate at which the lagging region copies the technology for producing knowledge goods may make the leading region worse off.
Economic Transition, Firm Organization, and Internal Control Determinants of Audit Structure in Russian firms

With a unique dataset of joint-stock companies, this paper aims to thoroughly describe the corporate audit structure in transition Russia and empirically analyze its determinants. When compared to the international standard, Russian firms have a weak audit structure in terms of the independence and expertise of the board of auditors and the accounting auditor. We found that board composition, affiliation with a business group, and presence of foreign investors are the most important factors determining the audit structure of Russian firms. The scope of the impact of these three factors, however, differed considerably with each other. We also found that government ownership, company size, fund procurement activities, and overseas advancement also have statistically significant impacts on the corporate audit structure in Russia.
Response speeds of direct and securitized real estate to shocks in the fundamentals

This paper contributes to the literature by identifying the response patterns of direct and indirect real estate returns to shocks in the market fundamentals. The response speeds are estimated with vector autoregressive models using TBI and NAREIT returns for the period 1994-2009 in the United States. To avoid the potential influence of different property mixes and of leverage on the dynamics, we use sector level data and deleveraged NAREIT returns. The findings indicate that REIT returns lead direct real estate returns even when catering for the property type and for leverage. Our estimations suggest that this lead-lag relationship is due to the sluggish reaction of direct real estate prices to unexpected changes both in the fundamentals and in REIT prices. The findings further suggest that the perceived lead-lag relations are not only due to the slow adjustment of sellers' reservation prices, but also due to the sluggish reaction of demand in the direct real estate market.