Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultural Variation in Implicit Mental Illness Stigma

Culture shapes how individuals perceive and respond to others with mental illness. Prior studies have suggested that Asians and Asian Americans typically endorse greater stigma of mental illness compared to Westerners (White Europeans and Americans). However, whether these differences in stigma arise from cultural variations in automatic affective reactions or deliberative concerns of the appropriateness of one’s reactions to mental illness remains unknown. Here we compared implicit and explicit attitudes toward mental illness among Asian and Caucasian Americans. Asian Americans showed stronger negative implicit attitudes toward mental illness relative to Caucasian Americans, suggesting that cultural variation in stigma of mental illness can be observed even when concerns regarding the validity and appropriateness of one’s attitudes toward mental illness are minimized. Asian Americans also explicitly endorsed greater desire for social distance from mental illness relative to Caucasian Americans. These findings suggest that cultural variations in mental illness stigma may arise from cultural differences in automatic reactions to mental illness, though cultural variations in deliberative processing may further shape differences in these immediate reactions to mental illness.
VAR-TX: A variability-aware SRAM model for predicting the optimum architecture to achieve minimum access-time for yield enhancement in nano-scaled CMOS

In this paper we propose a new hybrid analytical-empirical model, called VAR-TX, that exhaustively computes and compares all feasible architectures subject to inter-die (DID) and intra-die (WID) process variations (PV). Based on its computation, VAR-TX predicts the optimal architecture that provides minimum access-time and minimum access-time variation for yield enhancement in future 16-nm on-chip conventional six-transistor static random access memories (6T-SRAMs) of given input specifications. These specifications include SRAM size and shape, number of columns, and word-size. We compare the impact of D2D and WID variations on access-time for 16-nm SRAM with the 45-nm and 180-nm nodes and demonstrate that the drastic increase in the 1- and 3-sigma of the smaller nodes is mainly due to the increase in the WID variations. Finally, our model disputes previously published works-suggesting that square SRAM always produces minimum delays-and significantly extends and enhances the older models by adding both an extra dimension of architectural consideration and additional device parameter fluctuation to the analysis, while producing delay estimates within 4% of Hspice results.
Trade Unions and Family-Friendly Policies in Britain

This paper uses linked data on over 1,500 workplaces and 20,000 individuals from the 1998 British Workplace Employee Relations Survey to analyze the relationship between labor unions and the availability of six employer-provided family-friendly policies. Although unions were negatively associated with the availability of work-at-home arrangements and flexible working hours options, they appear to have increased the availability of three other policies designed to help workers balance the demands of work and family: parental leave, special paid leave, and job-sharing options. They did so both by negotiating for additional benefits (monopoly and collective voice effects) and by providing workers with information about existing policies and assisting them in using those policies (facilitation effects).
Urban Sprawl and Public Health

This article discusses the relationship between sprawl and health based on eight considerations: air pollution, heat, physical activity patterns, motor vehicle crashes, pedestrian injuries and deaths, water quality and quantity, mental health, and social capital. The data show both health benefits and health cost. As is true for most public health hazards, the adverse impacts of sprawl do not fall equally across the population, and those who are most affected deserves special attention. We address sprawl on a variety of levels, from personal transportation decisions to local zoning ordinances, from regional mass transit and land-use decisions to federal regulations, it is essential to incorporate health considerations into policy-making. Because the health effects of sprawl are unevenly distributed across the population, it is essential to incorporate considerations of social justice and equity. KW: Hyperthermia in automobiles Language: en
Bottom‐up Design of Small Molecules that Stimulate Exon 10 Skipping in Mutant MAPT Pre‐mRNA

One challenge in chemical biology is to develop small molecules that control cellular protein content. The amount and identity of proteins are influenced by the RNAs that encode them; thus, protein content in a cell could be affected by targeting mRNA. However, RNA has been traditionally difficult to target with small molecules. In this report, we describe controlling the protein products of the mutated microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) mature mRNA with a small molecule. MAPT mutations in exon 10 are associated with inherited frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17), an incurable disease that is directly caused by increased inclusion of exon 10 in MAPT mRNA. Recent studies have shown that mutations within a hairpin at the MAPT exon 10–intron junction decrease the thermodynamic stability of the RNA, increasing binding to U1 snRNP and thus exon 10 inclusion. Therefore, we designed small molecules that bind and stabilize a mutant MAPT by using Inforna, a computational approach based on information about RNA–small‐molecule interactions. The optimal compound selectively bound the mutant MAPT hairpin and thermodynamically stabilized its folding, facilitating exon 10 exclusion.
Long non-coding RNAs in osteosarcoma

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with more than 200 nuleotides, have been explored to participate in various cancer types including osteosarcoma (OS), which is the most common kind of primary bone tumors with high morbidity in infants and adolescents. These oncogenic or tumor suppressive lncRNAs regulate OS pathogenesis, such as cell growth, proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis and cell apoptosis, serve as independent prognostic biomarkers or play a significant role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in OS cells. In this review, we attempt to dissect the participation of lncRNAs in pathogenesis of OS and their potential clinical values, and also provide an outlook for viable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OS.
Prioritizing usability problems: Data-driven and judgement-driven severity estimates

Software-ergonomic system analysis often reveals numerous usability problems. Given that system design suffers from limited resources, the prioritization of usability problems seems inevitable. Surprisingly enough, prioritization is not in the focus of scientific interest. Within this paper, approaches to prioritization relying on severity estimates will be presented. Two of the approaches, namely priorities based on data about the impact of a problem (data-driven) and priorities based on judgements of interest group members (judgement-driven) will be further explored. In the data-driven approach total problem-handling time caused by a usability problem is presented as a measure of severity. The major disadvantage of the data-driven approach is its costs. A possible alternative are severity estimates based on judgements by members of involved interest groups. The first of two studies shows how to obtain judgement driven severity estimates and reveals a fundamental lack of correspondence between data-driven and judgement-driven severity estimates. The second study supports the notion that the lack of correspondence may stem from a difference between assumptions of the data-driven approach and the naive judgement model of interest group members in the judgement-driven approach. A hypothetical model for severity estimates by interest group members is presented.
A 6-bit active digital phase shifter

This paper presents the design of a 6-bit active digital phase shifter in 0.18-µm CMOS technology. The active phase shifter synthesizes the required phase using a phase interpolation process by adding quadrature phased input signals. It uses a new quadrature all-pass filter for quadrature signaling with a wide bandwidth and low phase error. The phase shifter has simulated RMS phase error of <0.85° at 2.4-5GHz. The average voltage gain ranges from 1.7dB at 2.4GHz to -0.14dB at 5GHz. Input P1dB is typically 1.3±0.9dBm at 3.5GHz for overall phase states.
A Novel Lossless Compression for Hyperspectral Images by Context-Based Adaptive Classified Arithmetic Coding in Wavelet Domain

A novel hyperspectral-image lossless compression scheme in the wavelet domain is proposed in this letter. This scheme is based on the context-based adaptive classified arithmetic-coding technique. The adaptive classified scheme divides each of the residual images between the two adjacent wavelet images into different classes, resulting in not only skipping the coding of a lot of insignificant zeros but also making the similar coefficients cluster together. Through experiments, we found that, when similar coefficients are clustered together, the arithmetic coding can achieve a higher performance than no clustering. Therefore, we can say that the adaptive classified scheme makes a better use of the characteristics of hyperspectral images and the characteristics of the arithmetic-coding technique. Experiments show that our proposed scheme is capable of providing high compression performance.
Inactivation of ventral midline thalamus produces selective spatial delayed conditional discrimination impairment in the rat

The reuniens (Re) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei are organized to influence activity in distributed limbic networks involving hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). To elucidate the role of these nuclei in spatial memory we inactivated Re and Rh in rats with the GABAA agonist muscimol and compared effects on two spatial delayed conditional discriminations: delayed nonmatching to position (DNMTP) and varying choice radial maze delayed nonmatching (VC‐DNM). DNMTP is trained in operant chambers and requires rats to choose between the same two levers on all trials. VC‐DNM is trained in automated radial mazes and requires rats to choose between two arms, randomly selected from eight alternatives on each trial. DNMTP is affected by hippocampal and mPFC lesions while VC‐DNM is affected by hippocampal, but not mPFC lesions (Porter et al. ( 2000 ) Behav Brain Res 109:69–81). We found evidence of a localized (low dose) effect of ReRh inactivation on DNMTP but not VC‐DNM. This was confirmed by comparison with muscimol injections in an anatomical control site. These results are consistent with evidence that Re and Rh affect measures of spatial working memory that depend on interactions between hippocampus and mPFC, but not measures that depend on hippocampus alone. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ZIRCONIA IMPLANTS: AN ODE TO THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA

Titanium and its alloys have been dominating the field of implantology for a long time. It is considered the gold standard in the field. Yet with the increasing demand of esthetics and the fear of potential immunological reactions, it is time to look towards new materials. Zirconia in this aspect is proving to be a promising product. It is being touted as an alternative to dental implants. With its high esthetic results, biocompatibility, low plaque affinity and good mechanical properties it is becoming a popular choice. The goal of the current article is to provide a comprehensive literature on the topic of zirconia implants. Major subtopics include its comparison with titanium implants and various properties. For zirconia implants further clinical trials and in vivo studies need to be conducted before it becomes the material of choice.
Anatomy of a young giant component in the random graph

We provide a complete description of the giant component of the Erdős‐Rényi random graph \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}{\mathcal{G}}(n,p)\end{align*} \end{document} as soon as it emerges from the scaling window, i.e., for p = (1+ε)/n where ε3n →∞ and ε = o(1). Our description is particularly simple for ε = o(n‐1/4), where the giant component \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}{\mathcal{C}_1}\end{align*} \end{document} is contiguous with the following model (i.e., every graph property that holds with high probability for this model also holds w.h.p. for \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}{\mathcal{C}_1}\end{align*} \end{document} ). Let Z be normal with mean \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\frac{2}{3} \varepsilon^3 n\end{align*} \end{document} and variance ε3n, and let \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal{K}\end{align*} \end{document} be a random 3‐regular graph on \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}2\left\lfloor Z\right\rfloor\end{align*} \end{document} vertices. Replace each edge of \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal{K}\end{align*} \end{document} by a path, where the path lengths are i.i. d. geometric with mean 1/ε. Finally, attach an independent Poisson( 1‐ε )‐Galton‐Watson tree to each vertex. A similar picture is obtained for larger ε = o(1), in which case the random 3‐regular graph is replaced by a random graph with Nk vertices of degree k for k ≥ 3, where Nk has mean and variance of order εkn. This description enables us to determine fundamental characteristics of the supercritical random graph. Namely, we can infer the asymptotics of the diameter of the giant component for any rate of decay of ε, as well as the mixing time of the random walk on \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}{\mathcal{C}_1}\end{align*} \end{document}. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 39, 139–178, 2011
Vir-Mir db: prediction of viral microRNA candidate hairpins

MicroRNAs have been found in various organisms and play essential roles in gene expression regulation of many critical cellular processes. Large-scale computational prediction of miRNAs has been conducted for many organisms using known genomic sequences; however, there has been no such effort for the thousands of known viral genomes. Some viruses utilize existing host cellular pathways for their own benefit. Furthermore, viruses are capable of encoding miRNAs and using them to repress host genes. Thus, identifying potential miRNAs in all viral genomes would be valuable to virologists who study virus–host interactions. Based on our previously reported hairpin secondary structure and feature selection filters, we have examined the 2266 available viral genome sequences for putative miRNA hairpins and identified 33 691 hairpin candidates in 1491 genomes. Evaluation of the system performance indicated that our discovery pipeline exhibited 84.4% sensitivity. We established an interface for users to query the predicted viral miRNA hairpins based on taxonomic classification, and a host target gene prediction service based on the RNAhybrid program and the 3′-UTR gene sequences of human, mouse, rat, zebrafish, rice and Arabidopsis. The viral miRNA prediction database (Vir-Mir) can be accessed via http://alk.ibms. sinica.edu. tw.
A Computational Method for Enforcing Knowledge that Cannot be Subsumed

We introduce a practical computational method that enforces some incoming piece of information δ in a clausal Boolean logic knowledge base Δ in such a way that δ is not strictly subsumed by the resulting knowledge base. δ is not strictly subsumed by Δ′ iff for every piece of information δ′ that is entailed by Δ′ and that is such that δ′ entails δ, we have that δ entails δ′, too. We claim that this paradigm is a useful form of reasoning for both human and artificial intelligence systems. Under a usual minimal change policy, it amounts to computing one cardinality-maximal satisfiable subset of Δ∪{δ} that contains δ but that does not strictly subsume δ. Although this task is intractable in the worst case, we provide a practical method that appears experimentally efficient very often, even for large and complex knowledge bases.
Retinal Damage Induced by Internal Limiting Membrane Removal

The internal limiting membrane (ILM), the basement membrane of the Müller cells, serves as the interface between the vitreous body and the retinal nerve fiber layer. It has a fundamental role in the development, structure, and function of the retina, although it also is a pathologic component in the various vitreoretinal disorders, most notably in macular holes. It was not until understanding of the evolution of idiopathic macular holes and the advent of idiopathic macular hole surgery that the idea of adjuvant ILM peeling in the treatment of tractional maculopathies was explored. Today intentional ILM peeling is a commonly applied surgical technique among vitreoretinal surgeons as it has been found to increase the rate of successful macular hole closure and improve surgical outcomes in other vitreoretinal diseases. Though ILM peeling has refined surgery for tractional maculopathies, like all surgical procedures it is not immune to perioperative risk. The essential role of the ILM to the integrity of the retina and risk of trauma to retinal tissue spurs suspicion with regard to its routine removal. Several authors have investigated the retinal damage induced by ILM peeling and these complications have been manifested across many different diagnostic studies.
Music loop extraction from digital audio signals

Music loops are seamlessly repeating segments of audio. The automatic extraction of music loops from digital audio is useful for searching reusable materials for new compositions. In this paper, an effective approach of music loop discovery and extraction is proposed. In our approach, we use a pitch class distribution feature to represent the tonal characteristics of the signal. Based on tonal self-similarity, we propose a pattern recognition technique to discover loop segments. For extracting single loop instances from the audio signal, we propose a timbre-based similarity criterion on beat level to allocate optimal cutting points. Our method was evaluated in a listening test with 200 extracted loop segments. The qualitative evaluation shows that for 85% of the test data, our method succeeded in extracting music loops of agreeable quality directly from audio signals.
Blue bottle light: lecture demonstrations of homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-induced electron transfer reactions

The classic, non-photochemical blue bottle experiment involves the reaction of methylene blue ( MB) with deprotonated glucose, to form a bleached form of the dye, leuco-methylene blue ( LMB), and subsequent colour recovery by shaking with air. This reaction is a popular demonstrator of key principles in kinetics and reaction mechanisms. Here it is modified so as to highlight features of homogenous and heterogeneous photoinducedelectron transfer (PET) ( Pure Appl. Chem. , 2007, 79 , 293–465) reactions, i.e. blue bottle light experiments. The homogeneous blue bottle light experiment uses methylene blue, MB, as the photo-sensitizer and triethanolamine as the sacrificial electron donor. Visible light irradiation of this system leads to its rapid bleaching, followed by the ready restoration of its original colour upon shaking away from the light source. The heterogeneous blue bottle light experiment uses titania as the photo-sensitizer, MB as a redox indicator and glucose as the sacrificial electron donor. UVA light irradiation of this system leads to the rapid bleaching of the MB and the gradual restoration of its original colour with shaking and standing. The latter ‘dark’ step can be made facile and more demonstrator-friendly by using platinised titania particles. These two photochemical versions of the blue bottle experiment are used to explore the factors which underpin homogeneous and heterogeneous PET reactions and provide useful demonstrations of homogeneous and heterogeneous photochemistry.
Possible mechanism underlying the association between higher hemoglobin level and hypertension in older Japanese men

Hemoglobin is reported to be positively associated with hypertension. However, the underlying mechanism of this association is unknown. Recently, bone marrow‐derived CD34‐positive cells have been reported to play an important role in endothelial repair in conjunction with platelets. As the association between hypertension and endothelial dysfunction is bidirectional, the influence of endothelial repair also might strongly influence the association between hemoglobin and hypertension.
Ototoxic effects of gentamicin.

Gentamicin is an ototoxic drug which affects the vestibular system predominantly. In one of our patients, it was known to produce a cochlear losssas well. The manifestations may be transient, unilateral, and occur almost exclusively in patients with impaired renal function. A study of 40 cases revealed that five patients had a presumed ototoxic effect, and an additional five had a definite ototoxic effect. The incidence of oiden ries s considerably higher than can usually be expected with gentamicin treatment, as the maximum daily dose presently recommended (1 ose presented, and all patients who exhibited ceeded were eithexhibited or azotemic.al no dose adjustments were made for patients with poor renal function. No significant pro with were encountered when recommended doses were useen
Effect of continuous versus on-demand treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with diclofenac over 2 years on radiographic progression of the spine: results from a randomised multicentre trial (ENRADAS)

Background To date, only a single controlled trial provided evidence that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) given continuously reduce radiographic progression compared with an on-demand therapy over 2 years in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In the current study, we tested whether such an effect of NSAIDs could be confirmed in another randomised trial. Methods Patients with AS were randomised for treatment with either continuous (150 mg/day) or on-demand diclofenac for 2 years. Tumour necrosis factor-blocker treatment was not allowed during the entire study period. The primary outcome was the difference in radiographic progression in the spine as measured by the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) scored by two readers blinded to treatment arm and time point. Results 62 of 85 patients enrolled in the continuous arm and 60 of 82 enrolled in the on-demand arm completed the study. The mSASSS progression was numerically higher in the continuous group (1.28 (0.7 to 1.9) vs 0.79 (0.2 to 1.4)) (p=0.39). If only patients were analysed who were either C reactive protein positive or had syndesmophytes at baseline, there was again a higher radiographic progression in the continuous versus the on-demand group: 1.68 (0.7 to 2.6) vs 0.96 (0.0 to 1.9) and 2.11 (1.1 to 3.1) vs 0.95 (0.0 to 1.9), respectively. There was no difference between the two treatment groups regarding adverse events. Conclusions In our study, continuous treatment with diclofenac over 2 years did not reduce radiographic progression compared with on-demand treatment in AS. Trial registration numbers EudraCt-no 2007-007637-39; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00715091.