Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noncompliance with Ocular Hypertensive Treatment in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma among the Arab Population in Israel: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Objective. To evaluate the noncompliance treatment rates among primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) Arab patients in Israel and to verify the associated factors for noncompliance. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional study took place using a questionnaire. Patients were initially interviewed and requested to answer a questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on a pilot test. Items included information about age, gender, number of prescribed drugs, and multiple reasons for noncompliance with drug therapy. Setting. Ophthalmologic HMO clinics, located in 3 Arab cities in the center of Israel. Participants. 400 Arab participants (197 men, 203 women) undergoing routine clinical care were recruited. Results. General rate of noncompliance, for both genders, was found to be 50%. Factors associated with nonadherence included inadequate knowledge (32%), underestimation of the disease severity (25.5%), and denial 15.5%. Compliance rates were unaffected by gender or number of prescribed drugs. Compliance was significantly higher in younger patients (age < 50) and in older patients (age > 80), 63% and 77%, respectively, (P < 0.05). Conclusion(s). Noncompliance was found to be common among an Arab population in Israel, particularly between the ages of 50 and 80. Educational programs, improving patient-physician relationship, and personalizing treatment could provide means for improved adherence.
Fracture source location in thin plates using the wavelet transform of dispersive waves

A new signal processing approach was presented for acoustic emission source location using the dispersive waves in a thin plate. For wave propagation in dispersive media, the accuracy of source location can be improved by using the arrival times of a single frequency component in the output signals at an array of sensors. The wavelet transform (WT) was used to resolve this problem. By utilizing the time-frequency data of the WT, the frequency-dependent arrival time traveling with the group velocity was shown to be easily determined. Experiments were performed using a lead break as the simulated fracture source on the surface of an aluminum plate. Two plate modes corresponding to the S/sub 0/ and A/sub 0/ Lamb waves were identified, and their group velocities were accurately measured. The source location results based on the WT method agreed well with the true locations. The WT method was also compared with the cross correlation technique, and both methods provide similar results.
Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Reduction

How are group-based identities related to intergroup conflict? When and how do ethnic, religious, and national identities lead to oppression, violence, rebellion, war, mass-murder, and genocide? How do intergroup conflicts change people's identities? How might social identity be harnessed in the service of reducing conflict between groups? The chapters in this book present a sophisticated and detailed interdisciplinary analysis of the most topical and fundamental issues involved in understanding identity and conflict.
Parental functions during conjugation in Escherichia coli K-12.

INTRoDucTioN. 320 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH. 321 MATERIALS AND METHODS. 321 Media. 321 Bacterial Strains. 322 Mating Procedures. 322 Controls . 322 Reproducibility of Experiments. 324 RESULTS. 324 Effects of Inhibiting Energy Metabolism in One or Both Parents Before and During Conjugation . 324 Effects of growth conditions and starvation. 324 Effects of starvation for an energy source prior to and during mating. 327 Function of energy metabolism in each parent during conjugation. 327 Effects of Inhibiting DNA Synthesis Before and During Conjugation. 330 Recombinant production in matings with thymine-requiring parents. 330 DNA synthesis and initiation of chromosome transfer. 330 Effects of Inhibiting Protein Synthesis Before and During Conjugation . 331 Effects of amino acid starvation on recombinant production. 331 Effects of completion of vegetative chromosome replication on recombinant production . 331 Effects of Genetic Inhomology Between Donor and Recipient Chromosomes on Chromosome Transfer. 336 Effects of deletions in the Fchromosome on recombinant production by Hfr donors. 337 Effects of deletions in the Hfr chromosome on recombinant production. 340 Effects of deletions in the Fchromosome on F' transfer. 341 SUMMARY DISCUSSION. 344 LITERATURE CITED. 346
The Margrave Tool for Firewall Analysis

Writing and maintaining firewall configurations can be challenging, even for experienced system administrators. Tools that uncover the consequences of configurations and edits to them can help sysadmins prevent subtle yet serious errors. Our tool, Margrave, offers powerful features for firewall analysis, including enumerating consequences of configuration edits, detecting overlaps and conflicts among rules, tracing firewall behavior to specific rules, and verification against security goals. Margrave differs from other firewall-analysis tools in supporting queries at multiple levels (rules, filters, firewalls, and networks of firewalls), comparing separate firewalls in a single query, supporting reflexive ACLs, and presenting exhaustive sets of concrete scenarios that embody queries. Margrave supports real-world firewall-configuration languages, decomposing them into multiple policies that capture different aspects of firewall functionality. We present evaluation on networking-forum posts and on an in-use enterprise firewall-configuration.
Klein and Loftus's model of trait self-knowledge: the importance of familiarizing oneself with the foundational research prior to reading about its neuropsychological applications

This article has two goals. First, I want to respond to concerns voiced by Ruby (2013). Since these concerns are not limited to Ruby, they provide an opportunity to address the issues she raises for a broad audience of neuroscientists. Second, and related to my first goal, I want to alert investigators who are familiar only with our neuropsychological investigations of self-knowledge to our earlier work on model construction. A familiarity with this foundational research can help avert concerns and issues likely to arise if one is aware only of neuropsychological extensions of our work.
Low-Frequency Noise After Channel Soft Oxide Breakdown in HfLaSiO Gate Dielectric

Low-frequency noise (LFN) after channel soft oxide breakdown (SBD) of n-MOSFETs with a HfLaSiO gate dielectric and TaN metal gate shows a Lorentzian-like spectrum, which is not observed in HfSiO gate dielectric devices after channel SBD. This is related to the spatial location of the SBD spot. Because La weakens atomic bonding in the interface layer, the SBD spot is generated close to the Si/SiO2 interface. This is verified by using time domain analysis. To examine the property of this Lorentzian-like noise, LFNs after channel SBD are measured repeatedly after arbitrary times. After about 20 h, LFN finally shows an increase only at the low-frequency part of the noise spectrum (f < 1 kHz). These results suggest that the trap distribution after arbitrary times spreads instead of remaining localized. Therefore, the traps or the La-O defect clusters have severe unstable distribution and induce an increase of the localized field, which, in turn, causes the traps to percolate through the high-k dielectric.
Education Policy and Family Values: A Critical Analysis of Initiatives From the Right

This article analyzes current education policy initiatives from the political Right in the United States, focusing on initiatives at the federal level (standards and testing), the state level (funding), the local level (alternative certification), and the campus level (censorship). Each initiative has received wide bipartisan and public support, largely due to the ways that they have been framed, particularly around family values. Implications for future research and practice conclude the article.
Prosecutors’ perspectives on using recorded child witness interviews about abuse as evidence-in-chief

Over the past two decades, numerous English-speaking countries have implemented legislative reform to allow children’s investigative interviews about abuse to be electronically recorded and made available for use as evidence-in-chief at trial. Prior evaluations suggest that the procedure has both advantages and disadvantages for prosecutors. This study adopted a constructive approach by eliciting contemporaneous and detailed feedback from 19 Crown prosecutors about the challenges of using electronically recorded interviews as evidence-in-chief and suggestions for how these challenges may be addressed. Thematic analysis revealed concerns in several areas; (a) the quality of questioning in interviews, (b) the jurors’ engagement with the witness, (c) the sense of formality and solemnity of evidence, (d) the clarity of the evidence and (e) the child’s preparedness for cross-examination. These themes are discussed within the context of the broader child testimony literature and recommendations for improvement are offered.
Is shallow semantic analysis really that shallow? A study on improving text classification performance

The paper presents a graph-based, shallow semantic analysis-driven approach for modeling document contents. This allows to extract additional information about meaning of text and effects in improved document classification. Its performance is compared against the “legacy” bag-of-words and Schenker et al. approaches with k - NN classification based on Polish and English news articles.
Routing with Hexagonal Virtual Coordinates in Wireless Sensor Networks

Using geographic routing, like GPSR, is efficient for ad hoc and wireless sensor networks, but it requires that nodes be aware of their physical positions. However, if there are holes in the network, routing across holes in GPSR will lead to a lot of overloaded nodes in the boundaries of the holes. In this paper, we propose a distributed protocol, named the hexagonal virtual coordinate (HVC), for constructing a virtual coordinate system. After the HVC is constructed, the nodes in the network will be aware of relative coordinates among the landmarks through the HVC chart. Based on the HVC chart, a source node can find an auxiliary routing path to indicate the direction of the journey from the source to the destination. Simulation results show that our protocol can support geographic routing efficiently.
SYLLOGISTIC REASONING AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN FROM CANADA AND SIERRA LEONE

Abstract Solution of 3-term syllogisms was examined in the context of culture and IQ. Children from elementary schools in Edmonton and Freetown were divided into high and low on the basis of their scores on Coloured Progressive Matrices. In each culture, those with higher scores on Progressive Matrices were expected to do better on syllogistic reasoning than those with lower scores. Across cultures, no difference in performance was expected. In terms of the relation of syllogistic reasoning to simultaneous and successive processing, both processes were expected to be involved in the solution of syllogisms. The results confirmed these hypotheses. It was also indicated that the children from Freetown were better than Edmonton's in syllogisms, dispelling any doubts in regard to their competence in Verbal' reasoning.
The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion.

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1994, Vol 39(2), 225. Reviews the book, The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion by John Zaller (1992). The author's commendable effort to specify a model of mass opinion formation offers readers an introduction to the prevailing vi
Tau blocks traffic of organelles, neurofilaments, and APP vesicles in neurons and enhances oxidative stress

We studied the effect of microtubule-associated tau protein on trafficking of vesicles and organelles in primary cortical neurons, retinal ganglion cells, and neuroblastoma cells. Tau inhibits kinesin-dependent transport of peroxisomes, neurofilaments, and Golgi-derived vesicles into neurites. Loss of peroxisomes makes cells vulnerable to oxidative stress and leads to degeneration. In particular, tau inhibits transport of amyloid precursor protein (APP) into axons and dendrites, causing its accumulation in the cell body. APP tagged with yellow fluorescent protein and transfected by adenovirus associates with vesicles moving rapidly forward in the axon (∼80%) and slowly back (∼20%). Both movements are strongly inhibited by cotransfection with fluorescently tagged tau (cyan fluorescent protein–tau) as seen by two-color confocal microscopy. The data suggests a linkage between tau and APP trafficking, which may be significant in Alzheimer's disease.
Association of lifetime cadmium intake or drinking Jinzu River water with the occurrence of renal tubular dysfunction

This study was performed to clarify whether lifetime cadmium (Cd) intake (LCd) calculated from consumption of Cd‐polluted rice and other foods, or drinking and/or cooking with Jinzu River water is associated with the occurrence of renal tubular dysfunction and to estimate the threshold level of LCd using a benchmark dose procedure. From participants in the 1967 and 1968 health examinations, the 2607 subjects (1430 men and 1177 women) who were aged 50 years or more, and who had either resided in the current hamlet since birth or moved there from a nonpolluted area and resided for a total of 30 years or longer were chosen as the target population. Based on a multiple logistic regression analysis performed for abnormal urinary findings (proteinuria, glucosuria, or proteinuria with glucosuria) using LCd as the explanatory variable with or without consideration of use of the river water for drinking and/or cooking, it was inferred that both factors of LCd and use of the river water influenced the occurrence of renal tubular dysfunction, with LCd appearing to exert a greater impact compared to drinking/cooking with the river water. Moreover, the threshold values of LCd for proteinuria with glucosuria were estimated to be 2.91 g in men and 1.79 g in women, without adjustment for use of the river water. After adjustment for its use, the values of proteinuria were calculated to be 0.93 g in women. When assuming user/nonuser status of the river water, the threshold level was calculated as 0.75/0.93 g in women. The difference of 0.18 g was interpreted as representing the influence of drinking/cooking with the river water. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Quality of Life (QOL) in the U.S. Marine Corps: The Validation of a QOL Model For Predicting Reenlistment Intentions

The all-volunteer status of the military, combined with an increasing desire to employ individuals with the requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform highly sophisticated tasks, has intensified competition between military and private sector organizations attempting to attract and retain qualified personnel. In an effort to remain competitive with employers in the private sector labor market, U.S. military organizations have directed their attention to various personnel support programs aimed at meeting the needs of servicemembers and contributing to their overall quality of life. More specifically, these military services have focused on the development and validation of conceptual models that link quality of life to desired military outcomes, including personnel retention, readiness, and performance. This study extended recent quality of life research efforts by determining the applicability of a model developed and validated for Navy personnel to another branch of the military, the U.S. Marine Corps. Structural equation modeling results suggested that the Navy model provided an adequate fit to the Marine Corps data for each of the subgroups considered. Results and implications are discussed.
How Does Anxiety Affect Second Language Learning? A Reply to Sparks and Ganschow

The linguistic coding deficit hypothesis, introduced by Sparks and Ganschow (1991, 1993a, 1993b), postulates that language aptitude is the primary source of individual differences in language achievement. This may be seen to reduce affective variables, such as language anxiety, to the role of unfortunate side effects, devoid of explanatory power. This paper advocates that language anxiety can play a significant causal role in creating individual differences in both language learning and communication. It reviews evidence from investigations of anxiety in general and studies of the role of anxiety in the language learning processes and concludes that the linguistic coding deficit hypothesis makes a significant omission by assigning mere epiphenomenal status to affective variables in general and language anxiety in particular.
The Price Impact of Order Book Events

We study the price impact of order book events - limit orders, market orders and cancelations - using the NYSE TAQ data for 50 U.S. stocks. We show that, over short time intervals, price changes are mainly driven by the order flow imbalance, defined as the imbalance between supply and demand at the best bid and ask prices. Our study reveals a linear relation between order flow imbalance and price changes, with a slope inversely proportional to the market depth. These results are shown to be robust to seasonality effects, and stable across time scales and across stocks. We argue that this linear price impact model, together with a scaling argument, implies the empirically observed "square-root" relation between price changes and trading volume. However, the relation between price changes and trade volume is found to be noisy and less robust than the one based on order flow imbalance.
Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle of Cattle

Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, is a multifactorial condition that represents a major healthcare concern for the elderly population. Although its morphologic features have been extensively studied in humans, animal models, and domestic and wild animals, only a few reports about spontaneous sarcopenia exist in other long-lived animals. In this work, muscle samples from 60 healthy Podolica-breed old cows (aged 15–23 years) were examined and compared with muscle samples from 10 young cows (3–6 years old). Frozen sections were studied through standard histologic and histoenzymatic procedures, as well as by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. The most prominent age-related myopathic features seen in the studied material included angular fiber atrophy (90% of cases), mitochondrial alterations (ragged red fibers, 70%; COX-negative fibers, 60%), presence of vacuolated fibers (75%), lymphocytic (predominantly CD8+) inflammation (40%), and type II selective fiber atrophy (40%). Immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex I in 36 cases (60%) and sarcoplasmic accumulations of β-amyloid precursor protein–positive material in 18 cases (30%). In aged cows, muscle atrophy was associated with accumulation of myostatin. Western blot analysis indicated increased amount of both proteins—myostatin and β-amyloid precursor protein—in muscles of aged animals compared with controls. These findings confirm the presence of age-related morphologic changes in cows similar to human sarcopenia and underline the possible role of amyloid deposition and subsequent inflammation in muscle senescence.
Differential activation of hippocampus and amygdala following spatial learning under stress

We examined the activation of memory‐related processes in the hippocampus and the amygdala following spatial learning under stress, in the rat. Animals were trained in a water maze in a massed spatial task under two stress conditions (cold and warm water). In the dorsal CA1, training was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of ERK2 only in animals that have acquired the task (irrespective of whether they were trained in cold or warm water). In the amygdala, significant activation of ERK2 was found only in animals that learned the task well under high levels of stress. Hence, the results suggest that the amygdala and the hippocampus are differentially activated following spatial learning, depending on the level of stress involved.
Growth Physiology of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus litoralis: Development of a Sulfur-Free Defined Medium, Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide, and Evidence of Biofilm Formation

Nutritional characteristics of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis have been investigated with emphasis on the development of a sulfur-free, defined growth medium, analysis of an exocellular polysaccharide, and formation of a biofilm. An artificial-seawater-based medium, containing 16 amino acids, adenine, uracil, vitamins, and trace elements, allowed T. litoralis to attain growth rates and cell densities similar to those found with complex media. Four amino acids (alanine, asparagine, glutamine, and glutamate) were not included due to their lack of effect on growth rates and cell yields. In this medium, cultures reached densities of 10(sup8) cells per ml, with doubling times of 55 min (without maltose) or 43 min (with maltose). Neither the addition of elemental sulfur nor the presence of H(inf2) significantly affected cell growth. A sparingly soluble exopolysaccharide was produced by T. litoralis grown in either defined or complex media. Analysis of the acid-hydrolyzed exopolysaccharide yielded mannose as the only monosaccharidic constituent. This exopolysaccharide is apparently involved in the formation of a biofilm on polycarbonate filters and glass slides, which is inhabited by high levels of T. litoralis. Biofilm formation by hyperthermophilic microorganisms in geothermal environments has not been examined to any extent, but further work in this area may provide information related to the interactions among high-temperature organisms.
An investigation of factors affecting the stability of work aspect preferences

Abstract How stable psychological characteristics are across time and situations remains a controversial issue in psychology. This study investigates the stability of values and preferences related to work of adult students who were sitting initially for their matriculation examination and subsequently, six months later, had entered a course or occupation. Using four types of stability (characteristic, factor, hierarchical, and response pattern) four facets of human valuing were examined. Results revealed sufficient stability for work aspect preferences to be considered as traits. However, the data do not discount the possibility of “state” effects, even though it was also found that neither demographic nor career compromise factors appeared to significantly influence these results. It is concluded that for both research and counselling, broader conceptions of human valuing are required.
New Evidence on College Remediation

Using college transcripts, we separate the effects of remedial coursework from high school preparation. For two-year colleges, taking remedial classes was not associated with less academic success. In four-year colleges, there are negative effects of remedial coursework, but many minority students who complete a bachelor's degree do so after taking remediation.