Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The unwritten rules and HIV: a qualitative study of informal institutions and HIV vulnerability among workers at social venues in Uganda

Introduction There is increasing appreciation of the need to understand how social and structural factors shape HIV risk. The unwritten rules, also known as informal institutions or social norms, are increasingly recognized as important determinants of HIV transmission. Unfortunately, these informal institutions, especially among high-risk environments for HIV, such as social venues like bars, lodges, remain poorly understood. This study explored the informal institutions at social venues, and how these institutions influenced vulnerability for HIV for venue workers in Uganda. Methods We conducted a qualitative study in two districts of Kyotera and Rakai in Central Uganda. We purposively selected and interviewed 44 workers including, cleaners, waiters, and waitresses and 22 venue managers at 22 social venues to explore the informal institutions at these establishments and how the institutions shaped HIV vulnerabilities among the workers. 31.8% (14) of the participants were males, and 68.2% (30) females. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results We found that the informal institutions at the venues were both officially and socially created, communicated, and sanctioned. The most common institutions operated through; selective hiring, rigid reporting structures, and informal job contracting procedures. Meager salaries, varying and delayed payments as well as attractive benefits and bonuses from customers were also important forms of informal institutions at the venues. Drinking alcohol, and offering sexual services at the venues were acceptable, although excessive drinking, and committed sexual relationships with customers were disapproved. These informal institutions shaped a risk environment at the venues by creating risk exposure opportunities that influenced workers' engagement into sexual risk behaviors. Conclusion The risk environment at social venues is shaped by the informal institutions at these venues. Thus, the need for venue-based HIV programs that integrate social norms interventions to better address the contextual determinants of HIV risk behaviors at the venues.
Lead-Bromide Hybrid Perovskites with Different Dimensions due to NH2 Position Variation Pyridine Ligand Methylene Bridge-CH2

The hybrid perovskites of amino(methyl) pyridines (AMP) and lead (II) bromide (PbBr2) were synthesised using a reflux method in 40% hydrobromic acid medium in a closed-nitrogen condition. The structural, chemical and optical properties of the as-synthesised compounds were analysed analytically using XRD, FT-IR and UV-Vis. Based on the XRD analysis, all compounds have distinct and evenly spaced diffraction peaks, indicating that they are strongly oriented and well-crystallised. The presence of aromatics and primary amines in mono-substituted pyridinium cation variations was confirmed by the FT-IR analysis. All compounds absorbed strongly in visible spectra at 430 nm, 427 nm and 355 nm, respectively. This study demonstrates that organic-tailoring effects in the shifting of aminomethyl position in the pyridine chain contribute to different dimensionalities of hybrid perovskite frameworks, even when synthesised under the same conditions. The as-synthesised low-dimensional hybrid perovskite can be further utilised as a light-harvester material in Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs).
Foreignized, domesticated and published translations of Don’t eat the marshmallow -- yet

본 논문은 자기개발서인 마시멜로이야기 2장의 번역을 원문에 충실한 직역 번역물(Foreignization Strategy)과 번역문에 충실한 의역 번역물(Domestication Strategy), 또 기존의 출판 번역물을 어휘선택 어순 문장구조 및 문화차이 등의 관점에서 비교해보았다. 이런 비교를 하기위해 본고의 주저를 포함한 두 명이 각기 의역 번역물과 직역 번역물을 담당하였으며, 기존에 출판된 번역물은 정지영과 김경환이 공저로 번역한 번역물을 이용했다. 이 세 개의 번역물을 비교분석한 결과 번역자들은 원문에 충실하면서 번역물의 가독성을 확보하기 위해서 의역과 직역 둘 다의 전략을 활용한다는 결론을 내렸다. 둘 다의 전략을 활용하는 것이 의역이나 직역 중 어느 하나만을 이용하는 것보다 더 나은 이유로 독자는 외국문화를 접하면서 자연스러운 모국어 표현을 즐길 수 있다는 것이다. 즉, 의역에 중점을 둔 번역물은 원문작가의 의도와는 달리 독자의 사상이나 문화적 헤게모니에 영향을 줄 수가 있는 반면 직역에 충실한 번역물은 가독성에 영향을 줄 수가 있다. 결론적으로 번역자는 번역물의 장르, 목적, 독자를 고려하여 의역과 직역의 활용정도를 적절하게 결정해야한다.
A New 3D Iodoargentate Hybrid: Structure, Optical/Photoelectric Performance and Theoretical Research

The explorations of new three-dimensional (3D) microporous metal halides, especially the iodoargentate-based hybrids, and understanding of their structure-activity relationships are still quite essential but full of great challenges. Herein, with the aromatic 4,4′-dpa (4,4′-dpa = 4,4′-dipyridylamine) ligands as the structural directing agents, we solvothermal synthesized and structurally characterized a novel member of microporous iodoargentate family, namely [H2-4,4′-dpa]Ag6I8 (1). Compound 1 possesses a unique and complicated 3D [Ag6I8]n2n− anionic architecture that was built up from the unusual hexameric [Ag6I13] secondary building units (SBUs). Research on optical properties indicated that compound 1 exhibited semiconductor behavior, with an optical band gap of 2.50 eV. Under the alternate irradiation of light, prominent photoelectric switching abilities could be achieved by compound [H2-4,4′-dpa]Ag6I8, whose photocurrent densities (0.37 μA·cm−2 for visible light and 1.23 μA·cm−2 for full-spectrum) compared well with or exceeded those of some high-performance halide counterparts. Further theoretical calculations revealed that the relatively dispersed conduction bands (CBs) structures in compound 1 induced higher electron mobilities, which may be responsible for its good photoelectricity. Presented in this work also comprised the analyses of Hirshfeld surface, powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), thermogravimetric measurement, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX) along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Study on the Impact of Financing Constraints on The Marketization Process

In recent years, China has proposed to build a new development pattern with the domestic great cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycle promoting each other, and in this context, it explores how to promote the domestic great cycle and build a unified domestic big market from the micro level. This paper selects the data of Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2011 to 2021 as a sample, studies the relationship between corporate financing constraints and the marketization process, explores the role of the mechanism, puts forward relevant hypotheses and conducts empirical research, and finally conducts the relevant heterogeneity test. It is found that there is a significant negative correlation between corporate financing constraints and the marketization process, in which the characteristics of state-owned enterprises, economically underdeveloped regions, and a higher degree of environmental regulation make the negative relationship stronger, and the conclusion still holds after further testing. The test of the mechanism of action shows that enterprise innovation, enterprise investment and residents' consumption are the three mechanisms through which financing constraints play a role in the marketization process.
Technology Acceptance Models from Different Viewpoints of Caregiver, Receiver, and Care Facility Administrator: Lessons from Long-Term Implementation Using Baby-Like Interactive Robot for Nursing Home Residents with Dementia

Abstract The introduction of companion robots into nursing homes has positive effects on older people with dementia (PwD) but increases the physical and psychological burden on the nursing staff, such as learning how to use them, fear of breakdowns, and concern about hygiene, and the concerns of the nursing home administrator, such as increased turnover and reduced quality of care due to this. To solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the acceptability of robots from the viewpoints of all stakeholders: PwD as receivers, nursing staff as caregivers, and nursing home administrator as a care facility administrator. However, there is still missing hypothesis about how their acceptability is structured and involved with each other. This study proposes three technology acceptance model (TAMs) from the perspectives of PwD, nursing staff, and nursing home administrator. The models are conceptualized based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of our two experiments involving a baby-like interactive robot to stimulate PwD in the same nursing home (one with low acceptance of all stakeholders and the other with their high acceptance) in addition to the comparison with other companion robots. Based on the proposed models, we discuss an integrated TAM for the acceptance of companion robots in long-term care facilities. We also discuss the possibility of applying our approach, which examines the perspectives of various stakeholders on technology acceptance, to other areas such as health care and education, the ethical consideration of introducing a baby-like robot and some limitations.
Research Progress of Methods for Degradation of Bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor widely used in industrial production, is found in various environmental sources. Despite numerous reports on BPA degradation and removal, the details remain unclear. This paper aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive review of BPA degradation methods, focusing on biological, physical, and chemical treatments and the factors that affect the degradation of BPA. Firstly, the paper uses VOSviewer software (version 1.6.15) to map out the literature on BPA degradation published in the past 20 years, which reveals the trends and research focus in this field. Next, the advantages and limitations of different BPA degradation methods are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the importance of BPA degradation to protect the environment and human health. The paper provides significant insights for researchers and policymakers to develop better approaches for BPA degradation and removal.
Advances in nanoscale carrier-based approaches to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy of podophyllotoxin

Podophyllotoxin (PPT), an aryltetralin-type lignan isolated from Podophyllum species, exhibits a wide range of biologic and pharmacologic activities, and mainly serves as an antiviral agent or antitumor drug in clinical applications. However, the therapeutic potential of PPT has been hindered due to its detrimental systemic toxicity, poor solubility, and bioavailability. Nanoparticles, which preferentially accumulate in tumors through enhanced permeability and retention effects, have become useful tools for targeted drug delivery, thus securing a niche in cancer therapies. The nano-based drug delivery platform has been introduced to PPT delivery for the purpose of improved solubility, enhanced efficacy, and reduced toxicity. For decades, extensive efforts have been dedicated to designing and developing various PPT delivery systems to mitigate undesirable toxicity and expand clinical applicability. Herein, we briefly review the latest achievements in PPT delivery patterns and pharmacodynamic concerns with the expectation of shedding light on future research and potential applications of PPT.
Managing Soil Moisture on Turf Grass Using a Portable Wave Reflectometer

Paper presented at the 28 Annual Irrigation Show San Diego, CA December 9-11, 2007 Abstract The agronomic needs of grass and the demands of the contemporary golfer pose many challenges to managing irrigation on golf greens. The turf must be kept as dry and firm as possible without allowing it to die. Greens have a high degree of spatial variability, including hot spots that can rapidly become critically low in available water. Currently, core samples are taken across the green and moisture content assessed by feel. This is time consuming, destructive, and subjective. A portable, electronic wave reflectometer uses time domain technology to give fast, accurate, and objective measurements of local soil moisture content. In general, it takes about 2 weeks to identify the desirable soil moisture ranges for the course. A determination can then be made on what greens require hand-watering or whether a complete irrigation cycle is needed. If the green is grid sampled, distribution uniformities similar to those computed with catch cans can easily be computed. Soil-moisture based uniformity coefficients suggest that reductions in irrigation amounts could be merited.
Maximum and Minimum Temperature Trends for the Globe

Analysis of the global mean surface air temperature has shown that its increase is due, at least in part, to differential changes in daily maximum and minimum temperatures, resulting in a narrowing of the diurnal temperature range (DTR). The analysis, using station metadata and improved areal coverage for much of the Southern Hemisphere landmass, indicates that the DTR is continuing to decrease in most parts of the world, that urban effects on globally and hemispherically averaged time series are negligible, and that circulation variations in parts of the Northern Hemisphere appear to be related to the DTR. Atmospheric aerosol loading in the Southern Hemisphere is much less than that in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting that there are likely a number of factors, such as increases in cloudiness, contributing to the decreases in DTR.
Geographical differences in the tropical precipitation‐moisture relationship and rain intensity onset

In this study, we show that the well‐documented exponential increase in the precipitation‐water vapor (P‐r) curve over tropical oceans also applies to tropical land but that the land curve starts its exponential increase at smaller values of column moisture than over ocean. We demonstrate that daytime surface heating contributes to this characteristic shape of the land P‐r curves. There is also significant geographical variation in the shape of the P‐r curve within land and ocean regions, with the Amazon, the Maritime Continent, and the eastern edges of oceans as distinct outliers. We further show that convective and stratiform rain intensities exhibit a pickup that is separate from the corresponding rain areas in the tropical P‐r curve while shallow convective rain has a yet another pickup. These variations of the P‐r curve characteristics likely represent geographical variations of environmental controls on storm life cycle.
Inhibition of Survivin Homodimerization Decreases Neuroblastoma Cell Growth

Simple Summary Elevated expression of BIRC5/survivin, a protein crucial for cell division, is linked to unfavorable outcomes in neuroblastoma (NB), a prevalent pediatric tumor. Novel therapeutic approaches are consequently warranted. Therefore, we examined the effects of S12 and LQZ-7I, small molecules that disrupt survivin’s interaction with itself and other proteins, on NB cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that these drugs effectively suppress the growth of NB cells, partly by hindering cell division. In contrast, incomplete inhibition of BIRC5 transcription did not diminish NB growth. We conclude that inhibitors of survivin protein interaction hold promise as a novel therapeutic class against NB and should be further investigated. Abstract Increased expression of BIRC5/survivin, a crucial regulator of the mitotic spindle checkpoint, is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial tumor of childhood. Transcriptional inhibitors of survivin have been tested in adult cancers and inhibitors of survivin homodimerization are emerging. We compared genetic inhibition of survivin transcription with the inhibition of survivin homodimerization by S12 and LQZ-7I, chosen from a larger panel of survivin dimerization inhibitors with activity against NB cells. Mice hemizygous for Birc5 were crossed with NB-prone TH-MYCN mice to generate Birc5+/-/MYCNtg/+ mice. The marked decrease of survivin transcription in these mice did not suffice to attenuate the aggressiveness of NB, even when tumors were transplanted into wild-type mice to assure that immune cell function was not compromised by the lack of survivin. In contrast, viability, clonogenicity and anchorage-independent growth of NB cells were markedly decreased by S12. S12 administered systemically to mice with subcutaneous NB xenotransplants decreased intratumoral hemorrhage, albeit not tumor growth. LQZ-7I, which directly targets the survivin dimerization interface, was efficacious in controlling NB cell growth in vitro at markedly lower concentrations compared to S12. LQZ-7I abrogated viability, clonogenicity and anchorage-independent growth, associated with massively distorted mitotic spindle formation. In vivo, LQZ-7I effectively reduced tumor size and cell proliferation of NB cells in CAM assays without apparent toxicity to the developing chick embryo. Collectively, these findings show that inhibiting survivin homodimerization with LQZ-7I holds promise for the treatment of NB and merits further investigation.
Relationship between students’ academic self-concept, intrinsic motivation, and academic performance

ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between academic self-concept, intrinsic motivation, and academic performance of Senior High School students. A quantitative approach using a descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used in the study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 346 participants. The results showed that students who had a positive perception of their academic self-concept were more likely to be intrinsically motivated. Intrinsic motivation and academic self-concept also predicted students’ academic performance. While the results from the study revealed that academic self-concept and intrinsic motivation are great recipes for predicting students’ academic success, it must be emphasized that academic self-concept and intrinsic motivation generally do not operate in isolation. Therefore, educators who wish to improve the academic performance of the students especially among Senior High School students must consider paying attention to other factors that affect students’ learning. Implications for policy and practice have been discussed.
Embedding Soft Material Channels for Tactile Sensing of Complex Surfaces—Structural Optimization

In previous work, we demonstrated the creation of bespoke tactile elements on 3-D surfaces through the “Embedding Soft material into Structure ENabling Tactile sensing” (ESSENT) approach. Each tactile sensing channel is filled with soft material, transforming applied force at one end of the channel into a microdeformation at the other end of the channel, measured by means of emitting light and sensing the intensity of the reflected light. However, due to the large number of design parameters of the sensing channel structure, it is difficult to predict the optimal parameters for the desired tactile sensing specifications. In such case, consistent performance among multiple tactile sensing channels requires a tedious trial-and-error approach. Such problem deteriorates rapidly with the increase in the number of tactile sensing elements, hindering the widespread adoption of ESSENT technology toward high-density arrays and complex surface layouts. To address this challenge, this article presents a multiobjective optimization method for designing the parameters of ESSENT sensing channels. Theoretical predictions and experimental results show that by identifying the channel design parameters, sensing consistency can be significantly improved. Describing by mean square deviation, the value based on the best optimization result (0.0394) is seven times better than nonoptimized sensing channels (0.2865). Moreover, by calculating the sensitivity of different channels in an array sensor, we found that the variance of sensitivity across sensing channels after optimization is one order of magnitude smaller than that without optimization.
Mymarommatidae, new family and superfamily of parasitoid wasps for Corsica (Hymenoptera, Mymarommatoidea)

We report for the first time the presence of the family Mymarommatidae from Corsica. During the La Planète Revisitée expedition to Haute-Corse in July 2021, three specimens of Mymaromma anomalum (Blood & Kryger), within Mymarommatidae (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatoidea), were collected in Carrataghju near Porto-Vecchio. Other individuals of this species had already been captured in Corsica in 1997-1998 in the Fango Valley, as well as in Vaucluse, at the foot of Mount Ventoux (Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur), but remained unstudied until the present. We summarize information on the superfamily Mymarommatoidea and the family Mymarommatidae, as well as on Mymaromma anomalum, one of the two species known from Europe and the only one reported so far from many European countries.
Designing and Developing a Mobile App for Management and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes in Nepal: User-Centered Design Study

Background Mobile apps can aid with the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by providing patient education, reinforcing regular blood glucose monitoring and diet/lifestyle modification, and facilitating clinical and social support. Objective This study aimed to describe our process of designing and developing a culturally tailored app, Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha—Dhulikhel Hospital (GDM-DH), to support GDM management among Nepalese patients by applying a user-centered design approach. Methods A multidisciplinary team of experts, as well as health care providers and patients in Dhulikhel Hospital (Dhulikhel, Nepal), contributed to the development of the GDM-DH app. After finalizing the app’s content and features, we created the app’s wireframe, which illustrated the app’s proposed interface, navigation sequences, and features and function. Feedback was solicited on the wireframe via key informant interviews with health care providers (n=5) and a focus group and in-depth interviews with patients with GDM (n=12). Incorporating their input, we built a minimum viable product, which was then user-tested with 18 patients with GDM and further refined to obtain the final version of the GDM-DH app. Results Participants in the focus group and interviews unanimously concurred on the utility and relevance of the proposed mobile app for patients with GDM, offering additional insight into essential modifications and additions to the app’s features and content (eg, inclusion of example meal plans and exercise videos). The mean age of patients in the usability testing (n=18) was 28.8 (SD 3.3) years, with a mean gestational age of 27.2 (SD 3.0) weeks. The mean usability score across the 10 tasks was 3.50 (SD 0.55; maximum score=5 for “very easy”); task completion rates ranged from 55.6% (n=10) to 94.4% (n=17). Findings from the usability testing were reviewed to further optimize the GDM-DH app (eg, improving data visualization). Consistent with social cognitive theory, the final version of the GDM-DH app supports GDM self-management by providing health education and allowing patients to record and self-monitor blood glucose, blood pressure, carbohydrate intake, physical activity, and gestational weight gain. The app uses innovative features to minimize the self-monitoring burden, as well as automatic feedback and data visualization. The app also includes a social network “follow” feature to add friends and family and give them permission to view logged data and a progress summary. Health care providers can use the web-based admin portal of the GDM-DH app to enter/review glucose levels and other clinical measures, track patient progress, and guide treatment and counseling accordingly. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first mobile health platform for GDM developed for a low-income country and the first one containing a social support feature. A pilot clinical trial is currently underway to explore the clinical utility of the GDM-DH app.