Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The future of wearable EEG: a review of ear-EEG technology and its applications

Objective. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of ear-electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, which involves recording EEG signals from electrodes placed in or around the ear, and its applications in the field of neural engineering. Approach. We conducted a thorough literature search using multiple databases to identify relevant studies related to ear-EEG technology and its various applications. We selected 123 publications and synthesized the information to highlight the main findings and trends in this field. Main results. Our review highlights the potential of ear-EEG technology as the future of wearable EEG technology. We discuss the advantages and limitations of ear-EEG compared to traditional scalp-based EEG and methods to overcome those limitations. Through our review, we found that ear-EEG is a promising method that produces comparable results to conventional scalp-based methods. We review the development of ear-EEG sensing devices, including the design, types of sensors, and materials. We also review the current state of research on ear-EEG in different application areas such as brain–computer interfaces, and clinical monitoring. Significance. This review paper is the first to focus solely on reviewing ear-EEG research articles. As such, it serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and engineers working in the field of neural engineering. Our review sheds light on the exciting future prospects of ear-EEG, and its potential to advance neural engineering research and become the future of wearable EEG technology.
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objectives: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Randomized controlled trials of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in treating patients with NSCLC were comprehensively retrieved from electronic databases, eligible studies, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, guidelines, and conference abstracts. The meta-analysis was performed by the Stata/SE 12.0 software. Results: Eleven randomized controlled trials were eventually included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy significantly improved the objective response rate compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT; 62.46% vs 41.88%, P = 0.003), but the objective response rate of neoadjuvant double-immunotherapy was roughly comparable to that of neoadjuvant single-immunotherapy (15.74% vs 10.45%, P = 0.387). Major pathologic response (MPR) rate and pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and neoadjuvant double-immunotherapy were significantly superior to neoadjuvant CT alone and neoadjuvant single-immunotherapy, respectively. Compared with neoadjuvant CT alone, neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy increased the down-staging rate (40.16% vs 26.70%, P = 0.060), the surgical resection rate (83.69% vs 73.07%, P = 0.231), and R0 resection rate (86.19% vs 77.98%, P = 0.502), but there were no statistically significant differences. Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy did not increase the postoperative complications rate than neoadjuvant CT alone (40.20% vs 41.30%, P = 0.920). In terms of safety, neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and neoadjuvant double-immunotherapy did not increase the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and the grade 3 or higher TRAEs. Conclusions: In summary, neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy had better clinical efficacy than neoadjuvant CT for patients with NSCLC. MPR rate and pCR rate of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and neoadjuvant double-immunotherapy were significantly superior to neoadjuvant CT and neoadjuvant single-immunotherapy, respectively, for patients with NSCLC, showing that MPR rate and pCR rate were probably considered as alternative endpoints for survival benefit. TRAEs were comparable between the corresponding groups. The long-term survival outcome of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC needs to be further confirmed to better guide clinical practice.
Knockdown of LMNA inhibits Akt/β-catenin-mediated cell invasion and migration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells

ABSTRACT The LMNA gene encoding lamin A/C is amplified in some clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) samples. Our data showed that depletion of the tumor suppressor PBRM1 can upregulate lamin A/C levels, and lamin A/C could interact with PBRM1. However, the role of lamin A/C in ccRCC is not yet fully understood. Our functional assays showed that although the proliferation ability was slightly impaired after LMNA depletion, the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells were significantly inhibited. This suppression was accompanied by a reduction in MMP2, MMP9, AKT/p-AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin protein levels. Our data therefore suggest that lamin A/C, as an interaction partner of the tumor suppressor PBRM1, plays a crucial role in tumor invasion and metastasis in ccRCC.
A TIAM1-TRIM28 complex mediates epigenetic silencing of protocadherins to promote migration of lung cancer cells

Significance Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is mostly diagnosed at advanced stages of disease, characterized by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of transformed lung cells. EMT is associated with enhanced migration and invasion of these cells but is also a mechanism of resistance to therapeutics and thus has multiple effects on disease progression and treatment outcomes. At present, we have an incomplete understanding of how this dramatic reprogramming of cell phenotype is achieved. In this study, we demonstrate that TIAM1, an activator of the small GTPase RAC1, promotes EMT and migration of NSCLC cells when localized in the nucleus and identify the molecular mechanism behind this. Moreover, we find that high nuclear TIAM1 is associated with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma and decreased survival.
Accounting for Time and Space Variations of δ 18 in a Snowmelt Isotopic Hydrograph Separation in the Boise Front

supported analyses for this research. iv ABSTRACT A reliable isotopic hydrograph separation is possible for a snow melt event if spatial and temporal variability in δ 18 O, and travel time to the stream can be taken into account. Spatial variability of melt δ 18 O cannot be accounted for with elevation, slope, or aspect. Standard deviations of δ 18 O on the meter scale range between 1.29‰ and 0.40‰. Results of hydrograph separations of the 2003 melt in the Bogus Experimental Catchment using various methods to account for the new water δ 18 O range from 44.8% to 99.4% old water. The proposed method of constructing a new water isotopic signal by distributing a daily averaged isotopic time series across the basin yields an old water fraction of 68.1%. A hydrograph separation using silica yields similar results.
Control of physical properties in BiFeO3 nanoparticles via Sm3+ and Co2+ ion doping

Highly crystalline BiFeO3 (BFO), Bi0.97Sm0. 03FeO3 (Sm-BFO) and BiFe0.97Co0. 03O3 (Co-BFO) nanoparticles (NPs) were utilized as potential magnetic hyperthermia agents at two different frequencies in the radiofrequency (RF) range, and the effect of Sm3+ and Co2+ ion doping on the physical properties of the material was examined. The thermal behaviour of the as-prepared powders disclosed that the crystallization temperature of the powders is affected by the incorporation of the dopants into the BFO lattice and the Curie transition temperature is decreased upon doping. Vibrational analysis confirmed the formation of the R3c phase in all compounds through the characteristic FT-IR absorbance bands assigned to O–Fe–O bending vibration and Fe–O stretching of the octahedral FeO6 group in the perovskite, as well as through Raman spectroscopy. The shift of the Raman-active phonon modes in Sm-BFO and Co-BFO NPs indicated structural distortion of the BFO lattice, which resulted in increased local polarization and enhanced visible light absorption. The aqueous dispersion of Co-BFO NPs showed the highest magnetic hyperthermia performance at 30 mT/765 kHz, entering the therapeutic temperature window for cancer treatment, whereas the heating efficiency of all samples was increased with increasing frequency from 375 to 765 kHz, making our doped nanoparticles to be suitable candidates for potential biomedical applications.
Rapid mechanosensitive migration and dispersal of newly divided mesenchymal cells aid their recruitment into dermal condensates

Embryonic mesenchymal cells are dispersed within an extracellular matrix but can coalesce to form condensates with key developmental roles. Cells within condensates undergo fate and morphological changes and induce cell fate changes in nearby epithelia to produce structures including hair follicles, feathers, or intestinal villi. Here, by imaging mouse and chicken embryonic skin, we find that mesenchymal cells undergo much of their dispersal in early interphase, in a stereotyped process of displacement driven by 3 hours of rapid and persistent migration followed by a long period of low motility. The cell division plane and the elevated migration speed and persistence of newly born mesenchymal cells are mechanosensitive, aligning with tissue tension, and are reliant on active WNT secretion. This behaviour disperses mesenchymal cells and allows daughters of recent divisions to travel long distances to enter dermal condensates, demonstrating an unanticipated effect of cell cycle subphase on core mesenchymal behaviour.
The densities of compounds at high pressures and the state of the Earth's interior

A quantum statistical method, already well developed for pure elements, has been extended to the prediction of the equation of state of compounds at extremely high pressures at absolute zero. Application of a finite-strain condition to possible constituents of the earth, found by Birch to be valid for many materials, leads to satisfactory interpolation between the existing laboratory data and the quantum predictions for these materials. The quantum calculations begin to hold at pressures of the order of 1014 dynes/cm2, pressures greatly exceeding those obtainable within the earth. The finite-strain interpolative procedure is assumed to predict the pressure-density relationships at pressures corresponding to those prevailing within the earth. From Bullen's pressure-density values for the earth, it is found that, assuming the absence of phase transitions, the base of the mantle has the same density as an olivine possessing 63 per cent Mg2SiO4. By a similar procedure, the earth's outer core cannot be pure iron, but has the same density as a mixture of 90 per cent iron and 10 per cent olivine. For the temperatures prevailing within the earth, the quantum calculations at absolute zero are not significantly altered; a latitude in the interpolative procedure is indicated at these temperatures, leading to a composition of olivine at the base of the mantle ranging between 47 and 63 per cent Mg2SiO4.
An object‐oriented approach for analysing and characterizing urban landscape at the parcel level

This paper presents an object‐oriented approach for analysing and characterizing the urban landscape structure at the parcel level using high‐resolution digital aerial imagery and LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data. Additional spatial datasets including property parcel boundaries and building footprints were used to both facilitate object segmentation and obtain greater classification accuracy. The study area is the Gwynns Falls watershed, which includes portions of Baltimore City and Baltimore County, MD. A three‐level hierarchical network of image objects was generated, and objects were classified. At the two lower levels, objects were classified into five classes, building, pavement, bare soil, fine textured vegetation and coarse textured vegetation, respectively. The object‐oriented classification approach proved to be effective for urban land cover classification. The overall accuracy of the classification was 92.3%, and the overall Kappa statistic was 0.899. Land cover proportions as well as vegetation characteristics were then summarized by property parcel. This exercise resulted in a knowledge base of rules for urban land cover classification, which could potentially be applied to other urban areas.
Optimal Partitioning of Video Sequences for MPEG-4 Sprite Encoding

This paper shows that the concept of merging several views of a non-changing scene-background into a single background sprite is not necessarily the most efficient way to transmit the background image. We have found that the counter-intuitive approach of splitting the background into several independent parts can reduce the overall amount of data. For this reason, we propose an algorithm that provides an optimal partitioning of a video sequence into independent background sprites, resulting in the minimum coding cost. Moreover, our algorithm results in background sprites with better quality by ensuring that the sprite resolution has at least the final display resolution throughout the sequence.
Slc7a11 stimulates glutathione synthesis to preserve fatty acid metabolism in primary hepatocytes

ABSTRACT Primary hepatocytes are widely used as a tool for studying metabolic function and regulation in the liver. However, the metabolic properties of primary hepatocytes are gradually lost after isolation. Here, we illustrated that fatty acid metabolism is the major compromised metabolic process in isolated primary hepatocytes, along with drastically decreased GSH and ROS content, while lipid peroxidation is increased. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that Slc7a11 expression is critical in maintaining fatty acid metabolism and facilitating hormone-induced fatty acid metabolic events, which is synergistic with dexamethasone treatment. Intriguingly, Slc7a11 expression and dexamethasone treatment cooperatively upregulated AKT and AMPK signaling and mitochondrial complex expression in primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, direct treatment with reduced GSH or inhibition of ferroptosis is sufficient to drive protective effects on fatty acid metabolism in primary hepatocytes. Our results demonstrate that Slc7a11 expression in isolated primary hepatocytes induces GSH production, which protects against ferroptosis, to increase fatty acid metabolic gene expression, AKT and AMPK signaling and mitochondrial function in synergy with dexamethasone treatment, thereby efficiently preserving primary hepatocyte metabolic signatures, thus providing a promising approach to better reserve primary hepatocyte metabolic activities after isolation to potentially improve the understanding of liver biological functions from studies using primary hepatocytes.
Trehalose-6-phosphate signaling regulates lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Significance Plants differ from animals in having an open growth strategy guaranteeing continuous growth and development after embryogenesis. Insight into the signaling networks that control growth and developmental processes in plants has increased considerably in recent decades showing the involvement of transcriptional networks and plant hormones. The open growth strategy involves the spatiotemporal formation of new organs during the entire life cycle such as new lateral roots (LRs) on the primary root axis. The decision to make a new organ requires the accommodation of energy to the right cells at the right time. Our work uncovers a tissue-specific energy balancing network during the early phase of LR formation that integrates energy with auxin signaling through the pivotal sugar signal, trehalose 6-phosphate.
Annotation of Secretariat and Hydrus, two DJ cluster phages isolated on Gordonia rubripertincta

ABSTRACT Secretariat and Hydrus are phages grouped into the DJ cluster that were isolated on Gordonia rubripertincta NRRL B-16540. The phages have 75% nucleotide identity and share 73% gene content. Secretariat has a genome with 84 predicted genes, while Hydrus has 91 predicted genes and can also infect Gordonia terrae 3612.
Ediacaran–Cambrian phosphorites from the western margins of Gondwana and Baltica

The late Ediacaran–mid Cambrian occurrences of phosphorites in the western Mediterranean region (West Gondwana) and southern Sweden (north‐west Baltica) are related to the poleward drift of West Gondwana and the northern drift of Baltica. As a result, these regions crossed subtropical and temperate palaeolatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, in which oceanic upwelling and high organic productivity were the probable sources of phosphorus along their western margins. A parallel south‐west/north‐east migration trend of evaporites and delayed, time transgressive phosphorites point to distal upwelling environments associated with shallower arid conditions. Concentration of hardground‐derived phosphate accumulations took place by repeated alternations of low sedimentation rates and condensation, in situ early diagenetic and microbially mediated precipitation of amorphous and cryptocrystalline, carbonate‐bearing francolite, winnowing and polyphase reworking of previously phosphatized skeletons and hardground‐derived clasts. Thicker phosphorites of economic importance display a spiculate sponge‐thromboid consortium that points to a distinct benthic community developed on suboxic, slope to basinal substrates. For most phosphorite samples an up to ten‐fold enrichment in rare earth element concentration relative to post‐Archaean average Australian shale reflects significant incorporation of rare earth elements and yttrium after deposition. Considerable scavenging took place from anoxic pore waters, following reductive dissolution of iron oxides as evidenced from the medium rare earth element enrichment in most samples. This contrasts with the rare preservation of primary sea water features, such as cerium depletion and yttrium enrichment, in phosphatized thrombolites from the shallower realms (for example, Montagne Noire). The data are consistent with phosphogenesis after upwelling and transgression of nutrient‐rich, suboxic–anoxic, ferruginous waters over more oxygenated, rifting settings and inland portions of an evolving passive margin.
Specialization and growth patterns in border regions of accession countries

This paper aims at exploring and analysing on a comparative basis the impact of the East enlargement of the EU on border regions in Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Romania and Slovenia. In order to achieve the overall objective, the paper will first provide a definition and identification of border regions in the candidate countries and, then, a descriptive analysis of their relative position within each country and with respect to the EU-15 average. Thirdly, it will develop an econometric model able to analyse the determinants of regional specialization and growth in different type of regions (internal vs border; western versus eastern border regions, etc.). The results will be used to understand which are the winning and loosing regions in this process, in terms of regional growth prospects. This classification will be used to evaluate the likely distributional implications of enlargement for the accession countries under considerations. The overall empirical results, though limited in some counts, may serve as a reminder of border regions’ challenges. They allow to identify present patterns and trends, and represent a good baseline to make inference on what changes border regions in candidate countries might expect the integration process to bring.
Challenges and physiological implications of sarcopenia in children and youth in health and disease

Purpose of review Highlight the controversies and challenges associated with a sarcopenia diagnosis in infants and children and the potential physiological mechanisms contributing to this disorder. Recent findings Sarcopenia has been recently identified in infants and children with chronic diseases such as liver, cardiac, gastrointestinal, cancer and organ transplant recipients. However, there is no consensus regarding the definition of pediatric sarcopenia. Different sarcopenic phenotypes (sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity) have been identified in healthy children and children with chronic disease. Both conditions have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes (e.g. delayed growth, increased hospitalization) in children and youth with chronic disease. The etiology of pediatric sarcopenia is likely multifactorial associated with malnutrition, physical inactivity and altered metabolic environments influencing skeletal muscle mass accumulation and function. Gaps in the literature include the lack of standard tools that should be used for the evaluation of skeletal muscular fitness and body composition in sarcopenia, particularly in infants and young children (<4years). Summary Longitudinal evaluation of sarcopenia expression and the underlying physiological and lifestyle factors contributing to pediatric sarcopenia are important to understand to ensure effective rehabilitation strategies can be developed and to avoid the adverse clinical consequences in children.
Mesozoic tectonics and metamorphism in the Pequop Mountains and Wood Hills region, northeast Nevada: Implications for the architecture and evolution of the Sevier orogen: Discussion and reply

The Pequop Mountains–Wood Hills–East Humboldt Range region, northeast Nevada, exposes a nearly continuous cross section of Precambrian to Mesozoic strata representing middle to upper crustal levels of the Mesozoic hinterland of the Sevier orogen. These rocks preserve the transition from unmetamorphosed Mesozoic upper crust to partially melted middle crust. Integration of new structural, metamorphic, and U-Pb thermochronologic data from the Wood Hills and Pequop Mountains, coupled with a regional tectonic reconstruction, reveals substantial Cretaceous metamorphism, contraction, and extension in the Sevier hinterland in northeast Nevada. We report two phases of contraction not previously recognized that are accommodated by top-to-the-southeast thrust faults, the Windermere and Independence thrusts. Contraction was succeeded by two phases of extension along west-rooted normal faults, the Late Cretaceous Pequop fault and Tertiary Mary9s River fault system. The earliest phase of thrust faulting resulted in as much as 30 km of crustal thickening and an estimated minimum of 69 km of shortening along an inferred fault called the Windermere thrust. The timing of this thrusting event is bracketed between Late Jurassic (ca. 153 Ma) and Late Cretaceous (84 Ma). Relaxation of crustal isotherms following and perhaps during thrusting resulted in Barrovian-style metamorphism of footwall rocks, and partial melting of metapelite at deep levels. Peak metamorphism was attained ca. 84 Ma, and by this time hinterland crustal thickening had reached a maximum. During 84–75 Ma another minor pulse of shortening and thickening along the Independence thrust was followed by partial exhumation of the metamorphic rocks and as much as 10 km of crustal thinning along the Pequop fault. Thus the interval from 84 to 75 Ma in northeast Nevada marks a fundamental, and apparently permanent, change from horizontal contraction to extension in the upper to middle crust in the hinterland. Final exhumation of the metamorphic rocks was accomplished by the Tertiary Mary9s River fault system. Our data indicate that much of the metamorphism and some of the contraction in the Sevier hinterland in northeast Nevada, which was previously thought to be largely Late Jurassic, is actually Cretaceous in age. Furthermore, the data indicate that widespread metamorphism of the middle crust is a byproduct of tectonic burial, and that hinterland and foreland thrust faulting were coeval, suggesting that thrust faults in the Sevier orogen do not form a simple foreland younging sequence.