Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultra low-power signal processing in wearable monitoring systems: A tiered screening architecture with optimal bit resolution

Advances in technology have led to the development of wearable sensing, computing, and communication devices that can be woven into the physical environment of our daily lives, enabling a large variety of new applications in several domains, including wellness and health care. Despite their tremendous potential to impact our lives, wearable health monitoring systems face a number of hurdles to become a reality. The enabling processors and architectures demand a large amount of energy, requiring sizable batteries. In this article, we propose a granular decision-making architecture for physical movement monitoring applications. The module can be viewed as a tiered wake-up circuitry. This decision-making module, in combination with a low-power microcontroller, allows for significant power saving through an ultra low-power processing architecture. The significant power saving is achieved by performing a preliminary ultra low-power signal processing, and hence, keeping the microcontroller off when the incoming signal is not of interest. The preliminary signal processing is performed by a set of special-purpose functional units, also called screening blocks, that implement template matching functions. We formulate and solve an optimization problem for selecting screening blocks such that the accuracy requirements of the signal processing are accommodated while the total power is minimized. Our experimental results on real data from wearable motion sensors show that the proposed algorithm achieves 63.2% energy saving while maintaining a sensitivity of 94.3% in recognizing transitional actions.
Femtosecond laser direct fabrication of metallic microcantilevers for a micro-corrosion-fatigue test

Femtosecond (fs) laser direct fabrication of a Ni microcantilever was investigated, and the laser processing parameters were optimized. The Ni microcantilevers of good quality with structure and dimensions according commendably with that of the designed cantilever were obtained. The result shows that fs laser micromachining is a promising method for directly fabricating metallic microcomponents. Using the fs laser fabricated Ni microcantilever, the cyclic fatigue test under corrosion was investigated. The testing results show that the effect of surface flaws and roughness play a greater role in degrading the resistance of the corrosion fatigue for metallic microcomponents than for ordinary sized components. The creep deformations of the micro-sized Ni specimens can easily occur at room temperature, and this implies that the micro-sized Ni specimens appear to have an improved resistance towards total crack as compared to ordinary-sized Ni specimens.
Automatically Extracting Action Graphs from Materials Science Synthesis Procedures

Computational synthesis planning approaches have achieved recent success in organic chemistry, where tabulated synthesis procedures are readily available for supervised learning. The syntheses of inorganic materials, however, exist primarily as natural language narratives contained within scientific journal articles. This synthesis information must first be extracted from the text in order to enable analogous synthesis planning methods for inorganic materials. In this work, we present a system for automatically extracting structured representations of synthesis procedures from the texts of materials science journal articles that describe explicit, experimental syntheses of inorganic compounds. We define the structured representation as a set of linked events made up of extracted scientific entities and evaluate two unsupervised approaches for extracting these structures on expert-annotated articles: a strong heuristic baseline and a generative model of procedural text. We also evaluate a variety of supervised models for extracting scientific entities. Our results provide insight into the nature of the data and directions for further work in this exciting new area of research.
Effects of preanalytical variables on the detection of proteins by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

CONTEXT While formalin fixation and paraffin embedding has become a universal mechanism of tissue preservation and a gold standard for immunohistochemistry, fixation and processing variables that may confound assay effectiveness have received little attention from the scientific community. OBJECTIVE To identify discrete steps in specimen fixation and processing that may impact immunostaining, assess the magnitude of reported effects in the literature, and highlight preanalytical variables that require further investigation. DATA SOURCES Thirty-nine primary research articles that investigated immunohistochemical effects of 1 or more preanalytical variables were identified by our literature survey. Thresholds identified in the literature were then compared with published immunohistochemistry guidelines for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. CONCLUSIONS Of the 62 preanalytical variables identified, 27 were examined in published research. Meta-analysis revealed 15 preanalytical variables that were capable of impacting immunohistochemistry (including fixation delay; fixative type; time in fixative; reagents and conditions of dehydration, clearing, and paraffin impregnation; and conditions of slide drying and storage) and 12 variables with no reported influence (including the type of processor used; the number and position of specimens during dehydration, clearing, and paraffin impregnation; and the duration of paraffin block storage). Variables with antigen-dependent or inconsistent effects were highlighted. Comparison of literature-supported thresholds with published recommendations revealed (1) strong agreement among preanalytical variables for optimal immunostaining, (2) discrepancies among thresholds for adequate immunostaining, and (3) the continued need for rigorous research and comprehensive guidelines on specimen fixation, processing, and storage.
Cognitive Psychosocial Intervention in Dementia: A Systematic Review

Background: The evolution of dementia depends on the underlying pathology, early diagnosis and the availability of effective treatment for some of the symptoms that interfere with the patients' or caregivers' quality of life. Even though there is no specific treatment to reverse dementia, some interventions such as reality orientation and skills training can retard cognitive impairment. Aim: To review existing scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of therapies included in the category of cognition-oriented approaches for people suffering from dementia. Methods: Papers were retrieved from several bibliographic databases (last publication date: 2009) with pre-specified selection criteria, data extraction and methodological quality assessment. Results: Nine reality orientation and 8 skills training trials were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Stimulation of cognitive functions, especially by means of reality orientation, improves overall cognitive function in patients suffering from dementia.
Towards Automated Visual Monitoring of Individual Gorillas in the Wild

In this paper we report on the context and evaluation of a system for an automatic interpretation of sightings of individual western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) as captured in facial field photography in the wild. This effort aligns with a growing need for effective and integrated monitoring approaches for assessing the status of biodiversity at high spatio-temporal scales. Manual field photography and the utilisation of autonomous camera traps have already transformed the way ecological surveys are conducted. In principle, many environments can now be monitored continuously, and with a higher spatio-temporal resolution than ever before. Yet, the manual effort required to process photographic data to derive relevant information delimits any large scale application of this methodology. The described system applies existing computer vision techniques including deep convolutional neural networks to cover the tasks of detection and localisation, as well as individual identification of gorillas in a practically relevant setup. We evaluate the approach on a relatively large and challenging data corpus of 12,765 field images of 147 individual gorillas with image-level labels (i.e. missing bounding boxes) photographed at Mbeli Bai at the Nouabal-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo. Results indicate a facial detection rate of 90.8% AP and an individual identification accuracy for ranking within the Top 5 set of 80.3%. We conclude that, whilst keeping the human in the loop is critical, this result is practically relevant as it exemplifies model transferability and has the potential to assist manual identification efforts. We argue further that there is significant need towards integrating computer vision deeper into ecological sampling methodologies and field practice to move the discipline forward and open up new research horizons.
Two cases of maternal alloimmunization against human neutrophil alloantigen‐4b, one causing severe alloimmune neonatal neutropenia

Human neutrophil antigen (HNA)−4a/4bw is encoded by 230G>A in ITGAM, which results in an Arg61His substitution of the αM chain (CD11b) of complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/18 or Mac‐1). HNA‐4a antibodies have been detected in the sera of female blood donors and in maternal sera that caused alloimmune neonatal neutropenia (ANN), in which maternal immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies against a paternally inherited HNA cross the placenta and destroy fetal and neonatal neutrophils. However, to date, antibodies specific for HNA‐4b have not been reported. Here, we report the first two examples of HNA‐4b antibodies.
Targeted Delivery of Toxoplasma gondii Antigens to Dendritic Cells Promote Immunogenicity and Protective Efficiency against Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a major public health problem and the development of a human vaccine is of high priority. Efficient vaccination against Toxoplasma gondii requires both a mucosal and systemic Th1 immune response. Moreover, dendritic cells play a critical role in orchestrating the innate immune functions and driving specific adaptive immunity to T. gondii. In this study, we explore an original vaccination strategy that combines administration via mucosal and systemic routes of fusion proteins able to target the major T. gondii surface antigen SAG1 to DCs using an antibody fragment single-chain fragment variable (scFv) directed against DEC205 endocytic receptor. Our results show that SAG1 targeting to DCs by scFv via intranasal and subcutaneous administration improved protection against chronic T. gondii infection. A marked reduction in brain parasite burden is observed when compared with the intranasal or the subcutaneous route alone. DC targeting improved both local and systemic humoral and cellular immune responses and potentiated more specifically the Th1 response profile by more efficient production of IFN-γ, interleukin-2, IgG2a, and nasal IgA. This study provides evidence of the potential of DC targeting for the development of new vaccines against a range of Apicomplexa parasites.
Slip Length Measurement of Water Flow on Graphite Surface Using Atomic Force Microscope

In this paper, we present experimental measurements of slip length of deionized (DI) water flow on a silicon surface and a graphite surface by using atomic force microscope. The results show that the measured hydrodynamic drag force is higher on silicon surface than that on graphite surface, and a measured slip length about 10 nm is obtained on the later surface.
Visual memes in social media: tracking real-world news in YouTube videos

We propose visual memes, or frequently reposted short video segments, for tracking large-scale video remix in social media. Visual memes are extracted by novel and highly scalable detection algorithms that we develop, with over 96% precision and 80% recall. We monitor real-world events on YouTube, and we model interactions using a graph model over memes, with people and content as nodes, and meme postings as links. This allows us to define several measures of influence. These abstractions, using more than two million video shots from several large-scale event datasets, enable us to quantify and efficiently extract several important observations: over half of the videos contain re-mixed content, which appears rapidly; video view counts, particularly high ones, are poorly correlated with the virality of content; the influence of traditional news media versus citizen journalists varies from event to event; iconic single images of an event are easily extracted; and content that will have long lifespan can be predicted within a day after it first appears. Visual memes can be applied to a number of social media scenarios: brand monitoring, social buzz tracking, ranking content and users, among others.
Conductive Heat Transfer in Metallic/Ceramic Open‐Cell Foams

This study is interested in the heat conduction in porous metallic/ceramic foams characterized by their complex morphology and the large difference between the thermal conductivities of the fluid and solid phases. We have developed two numerical simulations of the heat conduction in a 3-D two-phase material based on the Finite Element Method and on the Lattice-Boltzmann Method. The foam microstructure is modeled by various polyhedral open cells formed by solid struts with different shapes. The accordance between the results of the two numerical methods is excellent. The simulations allow to investigate theoretically the influence of the structural parameters on the magnitude of heat conduction.
Epidemiological studies of Fukushima residents exposed to ionising radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant prefecture—a preliminary review of current plans

It is now more than six months since the beginning of the accident on 11 March 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. The Japanese government and local health authorities have started to collect the information necessary to estimate radiation doses received by those living in the area around the plant, drafted plans for the health care of residents, and started to implement some of them. This paper reviews and discusses the studies necessary for risk evaluation of cancer and non-cancer diseases, including those already planned, mainly from the view point of evaluating health risk using epidemiological approaches. In the long run, it is important to establish a cohort with a control group. Even if the cumulative doses are estimated to be so low that it is difficult to evaluate the risk of cancer and non-cancer diseases, it is necessary to conduct such a study to reassure residents. The health care programme of the Fukushima Prefecture government, including health check-ups of residents, will help to assess indirect effects of radiation exposure, including psychological problems. The success of any studies of radiation epidemiology depends on the collection of accurate information on radiation doses received by the study subjects. However, some of the dosimetry surveys were not conducted in a timely manner. (It should be recognised, though, that such a problem might have been inevitable, considering the chaotic condition after the nuclear accident.) Accurate estimation of the radiation dose received by each resident is not only important for scientific risk evaluation but also to inform each resident about his or her potential risk. Otherwise, residents will bear an undue psychological burden from uncertainties regarding their radiation exposure and its health consequences. One of other important tasks in Fukushima is the improvement of the quality of the regional cancer registry in this prefecture. It is also important to start thyroid cancer screening in a year or two since the expected minimum latent period among those exposed in early childhood is about 4 years. Recently, local health authorities decided to start a thyroid screening programme for those aged 18 years or younger. Any scientific efforts in Fukushima, which need to gain the trust of study subjects about the objectivity of research, may suffer from the fact that residents in Fukushima Prefecture have begun to suspect that the Japanese government and local authorities are keeping important information from them. It seems necessary to make more effort to reflect the opinions of residents when planning health care programmes and to gain the understanding of the public for the programme. In summary, there are many problems that make the evaluation of cancer and non-cancer disease risk in Fukushima difficult. The help of international colleagues will be invaluable for overcoming those problems. In this paper, these efforts are briefly summarised and some comments are made.
Cartographically inspired visualization of points sets

The display of a large number of points, distributed over the plane, is a classic visualization problem. Available space is usually limited, which means a simple plot of the points (known as a scatter plot) quickly becomes cluttered and also suffers from problems such as overplotting. An alternative solution is the density plot, which depicts point density, visualized using different color tones or elevation in a 3rd dimension. We develop and evaluate a model that is heavily inspired by the standard topographic map, where not each individual is shown, but rather grouped, and shown as cities or villages. We take this metaphor, and apply it to visualize arbitrary sets of points in a plane. Our research is based on two initial observations on standard topographic maps: regions (such as cities, green-land, and industrial areas) are displayed as simple shapes, with uniform colors and crisp boundaries, sometimes labeled and accompanied by a symbol hinting its size, and regions are more or less uniformly distributed over the map according to their local importance, e.g., it is possible that a relatively small city in a sparse area is shown while a larger city in a denser area is not. We consider scalability of the model, i.e., the ability to generate visualizations at different levels of detail, with smooth and predictable transitions (e.g., for interaction or animation purposes) to be an important factor. This, along with what we consider important properties of the map (such as region shape and size), is evaluated with a user study.
Continuous 3D-printing for additive manufacturing

Purpose – This paper aims to present the results that can be achieved using continuous three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Design/methodology/approach – In the first section, conventional additive manufacturing and continuous 3D-printing are described and compared against each other. Essential is the new approach to coat the particulate material and to print it on a tilted surface. For this special setup, theoretical considerations for sources of distortions are given. These considerations define the design of the test parts. For the evaluation of a tilted setup a prototype using large dimensions is shown. Of special interest is the exact transportation using a large mass of particulate material. Findings – The 3D-printing principle is suitable for tilted surfaces, making production without any downtime possible. The parts produced using the prototype continuous 3D-printer have sufficient accuracy for foundry use, although various considerations and the setup show that angular deflections can be c.
Altered calcium signaling in an experimental model of glaucoma.

PURPOSE To investigate calcium signaling in a rat experimental model of glaucoma. METHODS A method for labeling ganglion cell layer (GCL) neurons with the calcium indicator Fura-2 in flat-mounted retinas of adult rats was established. Pharmacologically evoked responses in laser-induced glaucomatous and control retinas were imaged 2 weeks after the initial laser treatment. The optic nerves of the same eyes were evaluated for neurodegenerative changes. RESULTS After laser treatment, intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated 1.5- to 4.9-fold (24.70 ± 15.57 mm Hg) compared with control eyes (8.71 ± 1.53 mm Hg), and the area of neurodegenerative axons in optic nerve sections of laser-treated eyes was increased by 1.2- to 13.3-fold. The basal intracellular Ca(2+) level, as revealed by the Fura-2 ratio, was elevated in GCL neurons of laser-treated eyes compared with controls. This might suggest a mild degree of damage at the level of the soma in the GCL neurons of eyes with elevated IOP. Although glaucomatous GCL neurons remained functional as assessed pharmacologically, analysis of imaging data revealed that responses evoked by a brief application of ATP were slightly reduced rather than increased in the cells of laser-treated eyes compared with controls. No significant relationships were found between IOP/optic nerve damage and functional characteristics (basal intracellular Ca(2+) level or response to carbachol/elevated K(+)/ATP) within cells of laser-treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS Ca(2+) imaging is a useful tool to map altered physiological characteristics of individual GCL neurons in the glaucomatous eye.
Modulo Counting on Words and Trees

We consider the satisfiability problem for the two-variable fragment of the first-order logic extended with modulo counting quantifiers and interpreted over finite words or trees. We prove a small-model property of this logic, which gives a technique for deciding the satisfiability problem. In the case of words this gives a new proof of EXPSPACE upper bound, and in the case of trees it gives a 2EXPTIME algorithm. This algorithm is optimal: we prove a matching lower bound by a generic reduction from alternating Turing machines working in exponential space; the reduction involves a development of a new version of tiling games.
Nox4 reprograms cardiac substrate metabolism via protein O-GlcNAcylation to enhance stress adaptation

Cardiac hypertrophic remodeling during chronic hemodynamic stress is associated with a switch in preferred energy substrate from fatty acids to glucose, usually considered to be energetically favorable. The mechanistic interrelationship between altered energy metabolism, remodeling, and function remains unclear. The ROS-generating NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) is upregulated in the overloaded heart, where it ameliorates adverse remodeling. Here, we show that Nox4 redirects glucose metabolism away from oxidation but increases fatty acid oxidation, thereby maintaining cardiac energetics during acute or chronic stresses. The changes in glucose and fatty acid metabolism are interlinked via a Nox4-ATF4–dependent increase in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which mediates the attachment of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) to the fatty acid transporter CD36 and enhances fatty acid utilization. These data uncover a potentially novel redox pathway that regulates protein O-GlcNAcylation and reprograms cardiac substrate metabolism to favorably modify adaptation to chronic stress. Our results also suggest that increased fatty acid oxidation in the chronically stressed heart may be beneficial.
Sonochemical synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of air-stable Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles

Air-stable nanoparticles of Fe3O4/Au were prepared via sonolysis of a solution mixture of hydrogen tetrachloroaureate(III) trihydrate (HAuCl4) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with further drop-addition of sodium citrate. The Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. Nanoparticles of Fe3O4/Au obtained under appropriate conditions possess a very high saturation magnetization of about 63 emu g−1 and their average diameter is about 30 nm.