Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real Solutions to Equations From Geometry A course of 8 lectures given in November 2005 at the Institut Henri Poincaré during the Trimestre

Understanding, finding, or even deciding on the existence of real solutions to a system of equations is a very difficult problem with many applications. While it is hopeless to expect much in general, we know a surprising amount about these questions for systems which possess additional structure. Particularly fruitful—both for information on real solutions and for applicability—are systems whose additional structure comes from geometry. Such equations from geometry for which we have information about their real solutions will be the subject of this short course. We will focus on equations from toric varieties and homogeneous spaces, particularly Grassmannians. Not only is much known in these cases, but they encompass some of the most common applications. The results we discuss may be grouped into three themes: (I) Upper bounds on the number of real solutions. (II) Geometric problems that can have all solutions be real. (III) Lower bounds on the number of real solutions. Upper bounds as in (I) bound the complexity of the set of real solutions—they are one of the sources for the theory of o-minimal structures which are an important topic in real algebraic geometry. The existence (II) of geometric problems that can have all solutions be real was initially surprising, but this phenomena now appears ubiquitous. Lower bounds as in (III) give an existence proof for real solutions. Their most spectacular manifestation is the non-triviality of the Welschinger invariant, which was computed via tropical geometry. I first thank the Institut Henri Poincaré, where these lectures took place and where I resided during much of their development. Also Prof. Dr. Peter Gritzmann of the Technische Universität München, whose hospitality enabled the completion of these notes. Lastly, I thank the students, both young and old, who attended the lectures. Frank Sottile 05.03. 06, München Lecture 1: Real Solutions to Equations from Geometry Overview Monday, November 14, 10:45–12:15
Limit Theorems of Probability Theory

Notations and abbreviations 1. Some basic concepts and theorems of probability theory 2. Probability inequalities for sums of independent random variables 3. Weak limit-theorems: convergence to infinitely divisible distributions 4. Weak limit-theorems: the central limit theorem and the weak law of large numbers 5. Rates of convergence in the central limit theorem 6. Strong limit theorems: the strong law of large numbers 7. Strong limit theorems: the law of the iterated logarithm References Author index Subject index
A NEW EFFICIENT HYBRID CRYPTOGRAPHIC IMPLEMENTATION FOR INFORMATION SECURITY IN HADOOP

An anticipated safe cloud computing system has been designed to address a significant challenge in creating a tailored Hadoop for the cloud. In this area, Hadoop was used to build and enhance the security of handling and collecting user data. Hadoop is one of the other Apache Big Data technologies, and it prepares massive volumes of data using the MapReduce architecture. One of the most important tools for addressing Big Data concerns is Hadoop. One of the most difficult challenges is securing data storage, and the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) lacks a clear security strategy. The suggested method uses public key cryptography to encrypt and protect each and every file stored in HDFS. Using the suggested data encryption technique, the collected data is encrypted in HDFS during the data collection process. In this paper, a hybrid encryption method for HDFS files is presented that combines two well-known asymmetric key cryptosystems (RSA and Paillier). Data is encrypted using the proposed cryptosystem before it is saved in HDFS. However, the RSA encryption algorithm usually requires a longer key to ensure data security. There are two methods for uploading files to the cloud: non-secure and safe. The hybrid system has a lower delay and higher computational complexity as compared to the RSA cryptosystem alone. Asymmetric encryption algorithms, such as RSA and Paillier, use public-key encryption and private key decryption, so it provides security in the cloud computing environment. The datasets required for the study is obtained from Amazon.
An assessment of seismic noise levels for the Advanced National Seismic System backbone network and selected regional broadband stations

In this paper we assess the relative noise levels of 113 broadband seismic stations within the United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) (netcode US), the Global Seismic Network (GSN) (netcodes II, IU) and several United States regional networks (netcodes CI, LB, UO, UW, NM). This assessment makes use of seismic power spectral data collected by a continuous noise monitoring system developed by the USGS-ANSS and the Incorporated Research Institutions in Seismology (IRIS) Data Management Center (DMC). We rank the stations relative to the Peterson Low noise model (LNM) (Peterson, 1993) for 11 different period bands. Results are listed in Appendix A. Results show that most regional stations rank low in all period bands. In general, stations in the US network have lower noise levels at short periods (0.0625-8.0 seconds), high frequencies (8.0-0.125Hz) while stations in the GSN network are quieter at long periods (16.0-128.0 seconds), low frequencies (0.03125-0.01563Hz). This result reflects the overall mission and objectives of each network.
Media metrics : how Arab and Western media construct success and failure in the ‘Global War on Terror’

e media has played an important role in the 'Global War on Terror' "(GWOT), and has received signi�耀cant scholarly attention as a result. However, the way in which different media represent and construct notions of success and failure has been less well examined. In addressing this gap, this article offers a comparative analysis of several hundred media sources drawn from Western and English language Arab press outlets, published up until the turn of the decade. �怀rough this analysis, the paper examines the way in which different sources understand progress and regress in the con�耀ict. �怀e themes that emerge from this corpus suggest, not only that the two sets of sources demonstrate different conceptualisations of success and failure, but more interestingly, that through construction of speci�耀c metrics, they betray very different understandings about the nature of the con�耀ict itself. In turn this constructs quite different interpretations of what 'winning' the 'GWOT might mean for the protagonists. In a largely consistent interpretation of the GWOT, Arab media interpret the con�耀ict through the lens of American efforts to assert power and in�耀uence on a global stage. Western media metrics, on the other hand, evolve from a largely militaristic confrontation, to an ideological con�耀ict, and �耀nally constructing the GWOT as a global effort to bring down a movement. Notably, according to both Arab and Western measures, the media sources examined here suggest America is losing.
A Conversational Search Transcription Protocol and Analysis

The analysis of spoken interactions between human participants, for the purpose of understanding tactics and strategies for performing a task such as collaborative search, involves a number of steps, completing with the identification and classification of operations designed to interpret search results or to progress the interaction to a successful outcome. This paper provides guidelines for transcription and analysis of conversational search recordings which are critical steps for the overall goal in identifying and classifying operations in conversational search. Many decisions need to be made when transcribing utterances, such as determining pauses, punctuation, or when a speaker stops or starts uttering. To our knowledge, no publicly available guidelines are available for conversational search transcription and analysis, thus we adapted several different guidelines from other fields. In this paper we provide fundamental principles for transcriptions and a protocol based on those principles. We also introduce annotation tools, transcription quality assurance guidance, analysis and coding instructions.
Computer Vulnerability Analysis: Thesis Proposal

Computer security professionals and researchers do not have a history of sharing and analyzing computer vulnerability information. Scientists and engineers from older or more established fields have long understood that publicizing, analyzing, and learning from other people's mistakes is essential to the stepwise refinement of complex systems. Computer scientists, however, have not followed suit. Programmers reinvent classical programming mistakcs, contributing to the reappearance of known vulnerabilities. In the recent past, complltcr systems have come to be a part of critical systems that have a direct effect on the safety and well-being of human beings and hence we must have lower tolerance for software failures. In the dissedation I will attempt to show that computer vulnerability information presents important regularities and these can be detected, and possibly visualized, providing important insight about the reason of their prevalence and existence. The information derived from these observations could be used to improve on all phases of the development of software systems, as could be in the design, development, debugging, testing and maintenance of complex computer systems that must implement a set of policies defined by security analysis. A significant portion of the work that must be performed will concentrate on the development of clilSSifications and taxonomies that will permit the visualization and analysis of computer vulnerability information. I hope that these classifications and taxonomies applied to a collection of vulnerabilities will provide a set of features whose analysis will show that there arc clear statistical clustering:; and patterns caused because developers and programmers are not learning from each others mistakes. Tlti.s analysis may be performed by applying statistical analysis and knowledge discovery tools.
Printable Soft Grippers with Integrated Bend Sensing for Handling of Crops

Handling delicate crops without damaging or bruising is a challenge facing the automation of tasks within the agri-food sector, which encourages the utilization of soft grippers that are inherently safe and passively compliant. In this paper we present a brief overview of the development of a printable soft gripper integrated with printable bend sensors. The softness of the gripper fingers allows delicate crops to be grasped gently, while the bend sensors are calibrated to measure bending and detect contact. This way the soft gripper not only benefits from the passive compliance of its soft fingers, but also demonstrates a sensor-guided approach for improved grasp control. Soft pneumatic actuators have been utilized as grippers as they generate a bending mo-tion analogous to grasping when pressurized Commonly soft grippers are made from stretchable silicone rubbers are using 3D printed following a multi-stage lamination simple inexpensive it terms manual grippers,
HammerSim: A Tool to Model Rowhammer

Recently the rowhammer vulnerability has affected modern memory devices, which allows an attacker to cause bitflips without accessing the corresponding cell. The rowhammer effects can exacerbate future memory technologies due to scaling. Hence, we need to invest in studying and mitigating rowhammer attacks. We, therefore, propose a model to simulate RowHammer in gem5 to capture the system-level interaction of RowHammer.
Medial techniques for automating finite element analysis

Finite element analysis provides a principled method for modeling physical deformation and is an ideal tool to apply when a medical imaging problem requires the simulation of tissue deformation. The drawback to using finite element analysis for imaging problems is the significant amount of labor and computational time that is often required to construct a finite element model and solve the resulting large system of equations. In particular, challenging questions include (1) how to generate a mesh from an image, (2) how to derive boundary conditions from images of deformed objects, and (3) how to solve the system of finite element equations as efficiently as possible. These problems make the finite element method prohibitively expensive for some applications and thus make it unlikely to be used in a clinical setting. The use of medial models called m-reps opens the door to techniques that provide solutions for these challenges. (1) A new meshing algorithm is presented that automatically generates a hexahedral mesh from an m-rep segmentation of an image. (2) M-rep segmentations of an object in different stages of deformation can be used to establish an approximate correspondence between points on the surfaces of the different object configurations. This is sufficient to initialize finite element displacement boundary conditions that enable the computation of a mapping between two shape configurations. (3) An m-rep based mesh subdivision algorithm is presented which together with a multi-grid solution algorithm to improves solution speed for the finite element system of equations. Taken together, these m-rep based algorithms allow the finite element method to be applied to non-rigid registration problems in an automatic and efficient way. The methods have been tested using CT images of a phantom pelvis. Deformation accuracy estimates were obtained by calculating the difference between (a) the observed locations of a constellation of brachytherapy seeds in an image of a deformed prostate and (b) the predicted seed locations that result from applying the finite element deformation to an image of the undeformed prostate. The average error was of the same order as the seed segmentation error that was due to image resolution.
A method for designing robust subgraph signatures for cancer biomarker development

—Various recent studies show that network biomarkers that consider biological networks or pathways, instead of individual proteins, yield more reliable results and higher accuracy in cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment customization. However, the existing approaches for ﬁnding network biomarkers are ad-hoc and they do not offer an option to search the large network space to obtain a small set of signiﬁcant network biomarkers. In this work, we present a graph mining based approach for a systematic discovery of network biomarkers. Traditional graph mining algorithms fail to solve this task because of large computational complexity; whereas, the top-k discriminative graph mining approach that we adopt in this work is efﬁcient; besides it achieves better performance. On a breast cancer dataset using Support Vector Machine (SVM), the network biomarkers discovered using our approach yield a classiﬁcation accuracy of 71%, whereas a single protein based approach using identical experimental setup achieves only 51% of accuracy. Biological validation also conﬁrms that the network biomarkers that our method selects include proteins that belong to various cancer related pathways.
Soybean Drying and Storage

Storage moisture When storage moisture is too high, spoilage is likely and germination can be reduced in just a few days. High oil content makes soybeans slightly more susceptible to spoilage than corn, so soybeans need to be about two points drier than corn for the same storage period. For winter storage, store commercial soybeans at 13 percent moisture or less, 12 percent or less for up to one year, and 11 percent or less for more than one year. Soybeans with less than 15 percent moisture can generally be dried with fans sized for routine aeration (0.1-0.2 cfm/bu.). Soybean seed stored one planting season should be 12 percent moisture or less. Store carryover seed at 10 percent moisture or less.
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

: Ulcerative colitis, characterized by its relapsing and remissive nature, negatively affects perception, body image, and overall quality of life. The associated ﬁnancial burden underscores the need for alternative treatment approaches with fewer side effects, alongside pharmaceutical interventions. Montmorency tart cherries, rich in anthocyanins, have emerged as a potential nat-ural anti-inﬂammatory agent for ulcerative colitis. This manuscript outlines the study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of Montmorency tart cherry in individuals with ulcerative colitis. The trial aims to recruit 40 participants with mild to moderate disease activity randomly assign them to either a Montmorency tart cherry or placebo group. The intervention will span 6 weeks, with baseline and 6-week assessments. The primary outcome measure is the Inﬂammatory Bowel Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include other health-related questionnaires and biological indices. Statistical analysis will adhere to an intention-to-treat approach using linear mixed effect models. Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Hertfordshire (cLMS/SF/UH/05240), and the trial has been registered as a clinical trial (NCT05486507). The trial ﬁndings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication in a scientiﬁc journal.
Understanding the Phenomenon of Drought

As the demands placed on water resources increase, society and industry become more vulnerable to the effects of drought. Having a better understanding of drought can enable hydroelectric project owners, operators, and developers to improve their planning for future drought risks. This article describes drought in general as part of the climate, causes and predictability of drought, and the effects of drought.
Fair Coexistence of Heterogeneous Networks: A Novel Probabilistic Multi-Armed Bandit Approach

The licensed spectrum of cellular networks has become increasingly crowded, leading to the standardization of LTE licensed assisted access (LTE-LAA) and 5G NR-U for deployment in unlicensed bands such as 5 GHz. To coexist harmoniously with other unlicensed wireless technologies like WiFi, LAA and 5G NR-U enforce listen-before-talk (LBT) protocol. This paper proposes methods to enhance the overall spectrum efficiency and fairness of each coexisting heterogeneous link. To improve the overall spectrum efficiency, we propose enabling concurrent transmissions of multiple links. Motivated by the need for fair coexistence of heterogeneous networks with concurrent transmissions, we formulate a variant of the multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem that finds a probabilistic transmission strategy to maximize the minimum link throughput. We propose the Fair Probabilistic Explore-Then-Commit (FP-ETC) algorithm, which achieves the expected regret of $O\left(T^{\frac{2}{3}}(K \log T)^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)$. We compare FP-ETC with existing MAB algorithms via extensive simulations, and the results show that FP-ETC significantly outperforms the baseline algorithms.
The National Estuarine Research Reserve System: A Review of Research and Monitoring Initiatives

The National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) is an integrated network of 29 protected and coordinated estuarine reserve sites in 23 states and one territory (Puerto Rico) covering more than 525,000 ha of estuarine habitat, adjoining wetlands, and uplands that encompass 19 biogeographical regions along the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific coasts, as well as the Caribbean Sea and Great Lakes. NERRS is an ecosystem-based research and monitoring network of sites serving as platforms to develop quantitative databases of value to coastal management programs in identifying and tracking short-term variability and long-term changes in the integrity and biodiversity of estuarine systems nationwide due to natural perturbations and anthropogenic disturbances. The reserve sites also play a vital role in assessing coastal issues of local, regional, and national significance for the purpose of sustaining estuarine systems and coastal lands, such as evaluating their responses to climate change and other major stressors to inform coastal decision-making and public awareness for the protection and resilience of natural resources and coastal communities. Over the past four decades, NERRS sites have collected large volumes of research and monitoring data of great utility in characterizing estuarine environments and addressing an array of resource-management concerns, including degraded water quality, loss and alteration of essential habitat, impacted fisheries, invasive species, and conservation.
Joint identification of sex and sex-linked scaffolds in non-model organisms using low depth sequencing data

Being able to assign sex to individuals and identify autosomal and sex-linked scaffolds are essential in most population genomic analyses. Non-model organisms often have genome assemblies at scaffold level and lack characterization of sex-linked scaffolds. Previous methods to identify sex and sex-linked scaffolds have relied on e.g. sequence similarity between the non-model organism and a closely related species or prior knowledge about the sex of the samples to identify sex-linked scaffolds. In the latter case, the difference in depth of coverage between the autosomes and the sex chromosomes are used. Here we present ‘Sex Assignment Through Coverage’ (SATC), a method to identify sample sex and sex-linked scaffolds from NGS data. The method only requires a scaffold level reference assembly and sampling of both sexes with whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. We use the sequencing depth distribution across scaffolds to jointly identify: i) male and female individuals and ii) sex-linked scaffolds. This is achieved through projecting the scaffold depths into a low-dimensional space using principal component analysis (PCA) and subsequent Gaussian mixture clustering. We demonstrate the applicability of our method using data from five mammal species and a bird species complex. The method is open source and freely available at https://github.com/popgenDK/SATC
Isolation and Optimization of Aflatoxin B1 Degradation by Uniform Design and Complete Genome Sequencing of Novel Deep-Sea Kocuria rosea Strain 13

Aflatoxin B1 is a natural carcinogenic mycotoxin. The biological detoxification of aflatoxin could result in less environmental pollution, more moderate conditions, and less impact on food and feed, and be more convenient than physical and chemical methods. In this study, strain 13 with aflatoxin B1 degradation activity (67.47 ± 1.44%) was isolated and identified as Kocuria rosea. A uniform design was applied to optimize the degradation activity using a software Data Processing System, and a quadratic polynomial stepwise regression model was selected to investigate the relationships between the degradation rate and five independent variables. Furthermore, the optimal degradation conditions (culture temperature of 30 °C, culture time of 4.2 days, seawater ratio of 100%, pH of 7.11, and inoculation dosage of 0.09%) were verified with a degradation rate of 88 ± 0.03%, which was well matched with the predicted value (92.97%) of the model. Complete genome sequencing of Kocuria rosea, conducted with a combination of Illumina and single-molecule real-time sequencing, was used to analyze the genomic features and functions of the strain, which were predicted by the annotation based on seven databases, and may provide insights into the potential of Kocuria rosea, as well as providing a reference for degradation gene and protein mining. These results indicate that Kocuria rosea strain 13 has the ability to degrade aflatoxin B1 efficiently, and it also has the potential to provide aflatoxin-degrading enzymes.