Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primate Lentiviral Vpx Commandeers DDB1 to Counteract a Macrophage Restriction

Primate lentiviruses encode four “accessory proteins” including Vif, Vpu, Nef, and Vpr/Vpx. Vif and Vpu counteract the antiviral effects of cellular restrictions to early and late steps in the viral replication cycle. We present evidence that the Vpx proteins of HIV-2/SIVSM promote virus infection by antagonizing an antiviral restriction in macrophages. Fusion of macrophages in which Vpx was essential for virus infection, with COS cells in which Vpx was dispensable for virus infection, generated heterokaryons that supported infection by wild-type SIV but not Vpx-deleted SIV. The restriction potently antagonized infection of macrophages by HIV-1, and expression of Vpx in macrophages in trans overcame the restriction to HIV-1 and SIV infection. Vpx was ubiquitylated and both ubiquitylation and the proteasome regulated the activity of Vpx. The ability of Vpx to counteract the restriction to HIV-1 and SIV infection was dependent upon the HIV-1 Vpr interacting protein, damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1), and DDB1 partially substituted for Vpx when fused to Vpr. Our results indicate that macrophage harbor a potent antiviral restriction and that primate lentiviruses have evolved Vpx to counteract this restriction.
Fusion par apprentissage pour la détection de fausses informations dans les réseaux sociaux

Les reseaux sociaux permettent une diffusion massive et rapide des informations. Un des problemes principaux de ces canaux de communication est l’absence de verification associee a la viralite de l’information partagee. C’est ce probleme difficile que les participants de la tâche Verifying Multimedia Use du workshop Mediaeval ont aborde. Pour cela, ils ont propose plusieurs strategies et types d’indices relevant de differentes modalites (texte, image, informations sociales). Dans cet article, nous explorons l’interet de combiner et fusionner ces approches pour evaluer le pouvoir predictif de chaque modalite et tirer parti de leur eventuelle complementarite.
Gene Expression Differences among Three Neurospora Species Reveal Genes Required for Sexual Reproduction in Neurospora crassa

Many fungi form complex three-dimensional fruiting bodies, within which the meiotic machinery for sexual spore production has been considered to be largely conserved over evolutionary time. Indeed, much of what we know about meiosis in plant and animal taxa has been deeply informed by studies of meiosis in Saccharomyces and Neurospora. Nevertheless, the genetic basis of fruiting body development and its regulation in relation to meiosis in fungi is barely known, even within the best studied multicellular fungal model Neurospora crassa. We characterized morphological development and genome-wide transcriptomics in the closely related species Neurospora crassa, Neurospora tetrasperma, and Neurospora discreta, across eight stages of sexual development. Despite diverse life histories within the genus, all three species produce vase-shaped perithecia. Transcriptome sequencing provided gene expression levels of orthologous genes among all three species. Expression of key meiosis genes and sporulation genes corresponded to known phenotypic and developmental differences among these Neurospora species during sexual development. We assembled a list of genes putatively relevant to the recent evolution of fruiting body development by sorting genes whose relative expression across developmental stages increased more in N. crassa relative to the other species. Then, in N. crassa, we characterized the phenotypes of fruiting bodies arising from crosses of homozygous knockout strains of the top genes. Eight N. crassa genes were found to be critical for the successful formation of perithecia. The absence of these genes in these crosses resulted in either no perithecium formation or in arrested development at an early stage. Our results provide insight into the genetic basis of Neurospora sexual reproduction, which is also of great importance with regard to other multicellular ascomycetes, including perithecium-forming pathogens, such as Claviceps purpurea, Ophiostoma ulmi, and Glomerella graminicola.
A virtual reality platform for dynamic human-scene interaction

Both synthetic static and simulated dynamic 3D scene data is highly useful in the fields of computer vision and robot task planning. Yet their virtual nature makes it difficult for real agents to interact with such data in an intuitive way. Thus currently available datasets are either static or greatly simplified in terms of interactions and dynamics. In this paper, we propose a system in which Virtual Reality and human / finger pose tracking is integrated to allow agents to interact with virtual environments in real time. Segmented object and scene data is used to construct a scene within Unreal Engine 4, a physics-based game engine. We then use the Oculus Rift headset with a Kinect sensor, Leap Motion controller and a dance pad to navigate and manipulate objects inside synthetic scenes in real time. We demonstrate how our system can be used to construct a multi-jointed agent representation as well as fine-grained finger pose. In the end, we propose how our system can be used for robot task planning and image semantic segmentation.
A linear consensus approach to quality-fair video delivery

We consider the problem of delivering encoded videos to several mobile users sharing a limited wireless resource. The aim is to provide some fairness among the terminals in terms of utility, which is cast in the framework of discrete-time linear distributed consensus. To this end, the rate-utility characteristics of each stream is linearized, which allows to get necessary and sufficient conditions on the controller parameters to asymptotically reach the consensus. To prove our statement we also provide a general result on consensus of identical continuous- or discrete-time linear systems. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A generalized optical flow constraint and its physical interpretation

This paper addresses the issue of motion estimation on image sequences. The standard motion equation used to complete the apparent motion of image irradiance patterns is an invariance brightness based hypothesis called the optical flow constraint. Other equations can be used, in particular the extended optical flow constraint, which is a variant of the optical flow constraint, inspired by the fluid mechanic mass conservation principle. In this paper we propose a physical interpretation of this extended optical flow equation and a new model unifying the optical flow and the extended optical flow constraints. We present results obtained for synthetic and meteorological images.
Time to #Protest: Selective Exposure, Cascading Activation, and Framing in Social Media

In social media, sharing posts exposes a larger number of users to the preferred content of their peers. As users select or discard content, they collectively highlight facets of events or issues as to promote a particular interpretation. This article describes how social media users frame political events by selectively sharing content that is cognitively congruent with their beliefs. We model cognitive dissonance modeling time-to-retweet and exemplify the proposed theory with a study of recent protest events in Argentina.
Protein Kinase C–Dependent Mobilization of the α6β4 Integrin from Hemidesmosomes and Its Association with Actin-Rich Cell Protrusions Drive the Chemotactic Migration of Carcinoma Cells

We explored the hypothesis that the chemotactic migration of carcinoma cells that assemble hemidesmosomes involves the activation of a signaling pathway that releases the α6β4 integrin from these stable adhesion complexes and promotes its association with F-actin in cell protrusions enabling it to function in migration. Squamous carcinoma-derived A431 cells were used because they express α6β4 and migrate in response to EGF stimulation. Using function-blocking antibodies, we show that the α6β4 integrin participates in EGF-stimulated chemotaxis and is required for lamellae formation on laminin-1. At concentrations of EGF that stimulate A431 chemotaxis (∼1 ng/ml), the α6β4 integrin is mobilized from hemidesmosomes as evidenced by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using mAbs specific for this integrin and hemidesmosomal components and its loss from a cytokeratin fraction obtained by detergent extraction. EGF stimulation also increased the formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles that contained α6β4 in association with F-actin. Importantly, we demonstrate that this mobilization of α6β4 from hemidesmosomes and its redistribution to cell protrusions occurs by a mechanism that involves activation of protein kinase C-α and that it is associated with the phosphorylation of the β4 integrin subunit on serine residues. Thus, the chemotactic migration of A431 cells on laminin-1 requires not only the formation of F-actin–rich cell protrusions that mediate α6β4-dependent cell movement but also the disruption of α6β4-containing hemidesmosomes by protein kinase C.
Analysis of the Human Reaction to Odors Using Electroencephalography Responses

The effects of scents on humans are divided into physiological and psychological effects. The physiological effect acts directly on the physical organism and the psychological effect acts via the sense of smell on olfactory system, which in turn may cause a physiological effect. Some parameters of the electroencephalogram wave brain signals are used to measure the aroma effects of the different odors. The studies of EEG signals through brain have revealed that odors are capable of causing changes in these signals. Substantial research has documented studies about the effects of pleasant and unpleasant odors. This paper shows the effects on EEG signals of six odors, which two of them are of the essential odors category and the rest are of the commercial odors category. The study was applied to twelve young healthy non-smoking subjects, five male and seven female in a small range of ages.
2012 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering the Theoretical Research of Relationship of Organization Isomorphic and Innovation Performance of Cluster Enterprises Based on Knowledge Search View

Organizational isomorphism refers to "the constraining process that forces one unit in a population to resemble other units that face the same set of environmental conditions". Industrial cluster is a kind of local phenomenon in industrial development and evolution process, so its regional isomorphic phenomenon is more obvious. The text detailedly discussed elements composing of organizational isomorphism of cluster enterprises, the influence of organizational isomorphism of cluster enterprises on innovation performance and the effect mechanism of organizational isomorphism on innovation performance based on knowledge search view, and constructed a theoretical model and put forward relevant assumptions. This text not only enriches and develops the research of industrial cluster and organizational isomorphism theory of cluster enterprises, but also provides theoretical and empirical basis for cluster enterprises to improve innovation performance.
A Quasi-Four-Pair Class-E CMOS RF Power Amplifier With an Integrated Passive Device Transformer

A quasi-four-pair structure of an RF CMOS power amplifier (PA) is proposed. The structure is applied to a 1.8-GHz class-E CMOS PA for a global system for mobile communications with a 0.18-mum RF CMOS process. This allows a simple design, as well as a high output power. The transistor size issues of the cascode PA are also studied. An integrated passive device transformer is used as both a power combiner and a matching circuit of the power stage. The results show an output power of 33.4-33.8 dBm and a power-added efficiency of 47.4%-50% with a supply voltage of 3.3 V at a frequency range of 1.71-1.91 GHz.
Automatic Network Protocol Automaton Extraction

Protocol reverse engineering, the process of (re)constructing the protocol context of communication sessions by an implementation, which involves translating a sequence of packets into protocol messages, grouping them into sessions, and modeling state transitions in the protocol state machine, is well-known to be invaluable for many network security applications, including intrusion prevention and detection, traffic normalization, and penetration testing, etc. However, current practice in deriving protocol specifications is either mostly manual or focusing on automatic reverse engineering the message format only and leaving the protocol state machine inverse undone. Although regular expressions offer superior expressive ability and flexibility, application protocols are described by regular expression manually based on sufficiently understanding protocol itself. At present there is not an effect method to realize classification, recognition and control automatically for the known applications and the unknown applications in future. In this paper a novel approach is presented to model network application specification. In this work, the whole automatic protocol reverse engineering is realized through accomplishing the protocol state machine, and then the FSMs are translated to corresponding regular expressions to enrich and update the pattern database. This approach uses grammatical inference and is motivated by the observation that an implementation of the protocol is inherently a state transition process, the state machine model the essence exactly. The important significance is to describe various state protocols with a common method through modeling the protocol state transition, including known and unknown ones. This approach had been implemented in the system and evaluated using real-world implementations of three different protocols: HTTP, SMTP, FTP, and compared the extracted protocol to the corresponding other newly system, such as l7-filter.
Effects of cognitive styles and data characteristics on visual data mining

The study reports an experiment intended to identify parameters that affect the detection of cause and effect relations in graphically displayed data in a visual data mining environment. Accuracy of performance was measured as a function of visual properties of the cause function and information processing styles. People with different styles employ different task-solving-strategies, expressed by tool usage, and by effects of different visual properties of the displayed data. Participants with high analytic cognitive styles were better able to detect cause and effect relations through investigations of visual and more global properties of the displayed data. Visual properties of the data affected users with high analytic and low experiential cognitive styles similarly and had no direct effect on accuracy. The study points to the need for further research to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of user characteristics, display properties and data structure in a visual data mining environment that is based on intensive interaction of the user with complex graphical displays.
CORRELATING METER-SCALE MORPHOLOGY AND KILOMETER-SCALE TOPOGRAPHY: EVIDENCE FOR A DEGRADED MID-LATITUDE SURFACE LAYER ON MARS

Introduction: We have been investigating several independent data sets from recent Mars missions that provide evidence for a meters-thick, latitude-dependent surface layer [1, 2, 3]. Based on apparent physical properties observed in Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images and Mars Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data, and the distinct latitude dependence of these observations, we interpreted this to be an ice-rich layer, and interpretation supported by recent Mars Odyssey results [4, 5, 6]. Our current focus is on the latitude zones 30-60°N and S where the surface layer is discontinuous. The relative paucity of impact craters supports an interpretation that the ice-rich layer is recent. Our goal in this analysis is to directly compare the distribution of MOC images exhibiting the discontinu-ous layer [2] with MOLA observations of roughness on several scales [1, 3] and to assess the degree of correspondence. The MOC images provide high spatial resolution observations of morphology, but each image covers a very small portion of the surface. The MOLA observations are global, but relating the various roughness measurements with specific surface features can be difficult. By combining these observations we can a) provide a means of relating the MOLA roughness measurements to specific surface morphology and b) scale the MOC observations across the regions between observations. The ultimate goal is to provide insight into the regional and global properties of the ice-rich surface layer. Data Processing and Integration: A database of MOC observations has been created identifying a particular surface morphology characterized by the following features: 1) a smooth, intact surface is present, 2) the smooth material is broken up or dissected somewhere in the scene, 3) the pitted or hummocky terrain resulting from dissection is distinct from dunes, yardangs, or other eolian features. Over 15,000 MOC images have been systematically analyzed and classified according to the presence or absence of these features. The images were examined orbit by orbit without knowledge of geographic location to minimize bias in the recognition of the terrain. Over 1700 images exhibit this morphology. The resulting distribution of dissected terrain shows two latitude bands between 30-60° N and S with almost identical means of ≈41° [2]. For this analysis we required a more refined understanding of the spatial distribution and therefore calculated the mean latitude, equatorward minimum latitude, and standard deviation of the north and south observations separately in 30° longitude bins. Each 30° bin was then shifted 5° and the
Measurement-based model reduction in linear systems

In this paper, we present some new results on the characterization of solutions of unknown linear systems. These naturally lead to highly reduced order models which can be developed from a small number of measurements. Such models are generalizations and extensions of Thévenin and Norton equivalents of classical circuit theory. They are very useful in engineering design in various fields. Illustrative examples will be given in this paper.
The Nature of Science Aspects That High School Students Exhibit During Debating a Controversial Socio-scientific Issue

Over the last century, a lot of investigations were done to enhance the students’ understanding of the nature of the scientific knowledge, as well as, to have the educators agreed to put the nature of the scientific knowledge at the center of the scientific literacy. Effective scientific literacy development in our students requires linking science to the society, and allowing the students to explore the scientific knowledge while dealing with the challenges of the real world. The purpose of this study is to explore how students comprehend science, especially in its tentative, subjective, and social/cultural embedded nature. This study was carried on a group of sixty students of twelfth grade, following their debate about a socio scientific issue, in which a qualitative design was used to collect the data. The tools used were open-ended questionnaire, and one-to-one interviews in order to clarify their conceptions about the nature of the scientific knowledge. Results specified that the participants had good understanding of the nature of the scientific knowledge categories intended to be explored; in addition, this study recommended using scientific argumentation of socioscientific issues as an effective tool in enhancing the students understanding of the nature of science.
Correlating Multi-Step Attack and Constructing Attack Scenarios Based on Attack Pattern Modeling

Most cyber-attacks are not single attack actions. They are multi-step attacks composed by a set of attack actions. Although techniques used by attackers can be diverse, attack patterns are generally finite. So we need to find attack steps that are correlated in an attack scenario. By studying the patterns of multi-step cyber attacks, an algorithm is presented for correlating multi-step cyber attacks and constructing attack scenario system based on modeling multi-step cyber attacks. When alerts appear, the algorithm turns them into corresponding attack models based on the knowledge base and correlates them, whether alert or not is based on the weighted cost in the attack path graph and the attack degree of the corresponding host. And attack scenarios can be constructed by correlating the attack path graphs. Moreover, the model can detect intrusion alerts in real time and revise the attack scenarios. Experiments on the DARPA IDS test dataset show the validity of the algorithm.
Development of hydroelectric servo-valve based on piezoelectric elements

In order to improve the performance of servo-valve and reduce its cost, a new type of piezoelectric hydroelectric servo-valve is developed. The electrical-mechanical converter of the servo-valve is constructed by piezoelectric bender, which also functions as baffle of the hydraulic amplifier made by double-nozzles-baffle. Dynamic and static characteristic tests are conducted on the piezoelectric bender developed. In line with the performance of the valve, the dimensions of its components are calculated. The characteristic test system for servo-valve is built and the servo-valve is tested with it. The results show that flux hysteresis loop is less than 2%, resolution is less than 0.5%, nonlinearity is less than 3.5%, and its band width is up to 140Hz. So the new type of piezoelectric servo-valve is characterized by good performance.
Great Food , Lousy Service : Topic Modeling for Sentiment Analysis in Sparse Reviews Final Project CS 224 N / Ling 284 — Spring 2010

One star for “Service,” but “They never disappoint! ”? Does this guy have incredibly low expectations for being waited on or what! “Great food, lousy service, but hey, we love the place! ” Or at least this is what the ratings seem to say. Still, even this reasonable prose reconciliation of the disparate topic scores is not at all what’s explicitly in the text, just “They never disappoint! ” In fact, the text doesn’t speak to the topic ratings at all. Such, it seems, are among the multiple challenges of attempting Sentiment Analysis (SA) with data from OpenTable.com, a web-based restaurant reservation and rating service.
Production accuracy of L2 vowels: Phonological parsimony and phonetic flexibility

Abstract Ultimate attainment in foreign-language sound learning is addressed via vowel production accuracy in English spoken by advanced Czech EFL learners. English FLEECE–KIT, DRESS–TRAP, and GOOSE–FOOT contrasts are examined in terms of length, height, and backness. Our data show that, while being constrained by phonemic category assimilation (new vowel height distinctions are not created), the learners’ interlanguage combines phonological parsimony (reusing L1 length feature to contrast L2 vowels) with phonetic flexibility (within-category shifts reflecting L1–L2 phonetic dissimilarity). Although achieving nativelike phonological competence may not be possible learners who acquire L2 in the prevailingly L1 environment, the Czech learners’ implementations of English vowels revealed their ability to adjust for phonetic detail of L2 sounds.