Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal Pre-proof Genetic variants in taste genes play a role in oral microbial composition and severe early childhood caries

Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is a multifactorial disease with strong evidence of 21 genetic inheritance. Previous studies suggest that variants in taste genes are associated with dental caries due to the role of taste proteins in mediating taste preferences, oral innate 23 immunity, and important host-microbial interactions. However, few taste genes have been investigated in caries studies. Therefore, the associations of genetic variants in sweet, bitter, 25 umami, salt, sour, carbonation, and fat taste related genes with S-ECC, and plaque microbial 26 composition (16S and ITS1 rRNA sequencing) were evaluated. The results showed that sixteen 27 variants in seven taste genes ( SCNN1D, CA6, TAS2R3, OTOP1, TAS2R5, TAS2R60 , and 28 TAS2R4 ) were associated with S-ECC. Twenty-one variants in twelve taste genes were 29 correlated with relative abundances of bacteria or fungi. These results suggest that S-ECC risk 30 and composition of the plaque microbiome can be partially influenced by genetic variants in 31 genes related to taste sensation.
XXVI Congreso de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Aplicaciones XVI Congreso de Matemática Aplicada

The motion of incompressible electrical conducting fluids can be modeled by magnetohydrodynamics equations, which consider the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with Maxwell’s equations. For the classical NavierStokes system, there exists an extensively study of the convergence rate for the Galerkin approximations. Here, we extend the estimates rates of spectral Galerkin approximations for the magnetohydrodynamic equations. We prove optimal error estimates in the L2 (Ω) and H1 (Ω)-norms, we obtain a result similar to the Rautmann for the H2 (Ω)-norm, and we reach basically the same level of knowledge as in the case of the classical Navier-Stokes.
FLUID LIMIT OF A PS-QUEUE WITH MULTISTAGE SERVICE

We consider a variation of the processor-sharing (PS) queue, inspired by freelance job websites where multiple freelancers compete for a single job. We develop fluid limit approximations for the overloaded PS-model with multiple (possibly infinitely many) service stages. Based on this approximation, we estimate what proportion of freelancers get the job they apply for. In addition, the PS model studied here is an instance of PS with routing and impatience, for which no Lyapunov function is known, and we suggest some partial solutions.
MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO TEMPORAL PULSE SHAPING FOR THE PHOTOINJECTOR LASER AT CLARA

The temporal profile of the electron bunch is of critical importance in accelerator areas such as free-electron lasers and novel acceleration. In FELs, it strongly influences factors including efficiency and the profile of the photon pulse generated for user experiments, while in novel acceleration techniques it contributes to enhanced interaction of the witness beam with the driving electric field. Work is in progress at the CLARA facility at Daresbury Laboratory on temporal shaping of the ultraviolet photoinjector laser, using a fusedsilica acousto-optic modulator. Generating a user-defined (programmable) time-domain target profile requires finding the corresponding spectral phase configuration of the shaper; this is a non-trivial problem for complex pulse shapes. Physically informed machine learning models have shown great promise in learning complex relationships in physical systems, and so we apply machine learning techniques here to learn the relationships between the spectral phase and the target temporal intensity profiles. Our machine learning model extends the range of available photoinjector laser pulse shapes by allowing users to achieve physically realisable configurations for arbitrary temporal pulse shapes.
p-wave optical Feshbach resonanes in 171Yb

We study the use of an optical Feshbach resonance to modify the p-wave interaction between ultracold polarized {sup 171}Yb spin-1/2 fermions. A laser exciting two colliding atoms to the {sup 1}S{sub 0}+{sup 3}P{sub 1} channel can be detuned near a purely-long-range excited molecular bound state. Such an exotic molecule has an inner turning point far from the chemical binding region, and thus, three-body recombination in the Feshbach resonance will be highly suppressed in contrast to that typically seen in a ground-state p-wave magnetic Feshbach resonance. We calculate the excited molecular bound-state spectrum using a multichannel integration of the Schroedinger equation, including an external perturbation by a magnetic field. From the multichannel wave functions, we calculate the Feshbach resonance properties, including the modification of the elastic p-wave scattering volume and inelastic spontaneous scattering rate. The use of magnetic fields and selection rules for polarized light yields a highly controllable system. We apply this control to propose a toy model for three-color superfluidity in an optical lattice for spin-polarized {sup 171}Yb, where the three colors correspond to the three spatial orbitals of the first excited p band. We calculate the conditions under which tunneling and on-site interactions are comparable, at which pointmore » quantum critical behavior is possible. « less
A Multilevel Monte Carlo Ensemble Scheme for Solving Random Parabolic PDEs

A first-order, Monte Carlo ensemble method has been recently introduced for solving parabolic equations with random coefficients in [26], which is a natural synthesis of the ensemble-based, Monte Carlo sampling algorithm and the ensemble-based, first-order time stepping scheme. With the introduction of an ensemble average of the diffusion function, this algorithm leads to a single discrete system with multiple right-hand sides for a group of realizations, which could be solved more efficiently than a sequence of linear systems. In this paper, we pursue in the same direction and develop a new multilevel Monte Carlo ensemble method for solving random parabolic partial differential equations. Comparing with the approach in [26], this method possesses a high-order accuracy in time and further reduces the computational cost by using the multilevel Monte Carlo method. Rigorous numerical analysis shows the method achieves the optimal rate of convergence. Several numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Classification of cubic vertex-transitive tricirculants

A finite graph is called a tricirculant if admits a cyclic group of automorphism which has precisely three orbits on the vertex-set of the graph, all of equal size. We classify all finite connected cubic vertex-transitive tricirculants. We show that except for some small exceptions of order less than 54, each of these graphs is either a prism of order 6k with k odd, a Mobius ladder, or it falls into one of two infinite families, each family containing one graph for every order of the form 6k with k odd.
COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses - XIII. Time delays and 9-yr optical monitoring of the lensed quasar RX J1131−1231

We present the results from nine years of optically monitoring the gravitationally lensed z(QSO) = 0.658 quasar RX J1131-1231. The R-band light curves of the four individual images of the quasar were obtained using deconvolution photometry for a total of 707 epochs. Several sharp quasar variability features strongly constrain the time delays between the quasar images. Using three different numerical techniques, we measured these delays for all possible pairs of quasar images while always processing the four light curves simultaneously. For all three methods, the delays between the three close images A, B, and C are compatible with being 0, while we measured the delay of image D to be 91 days, with a fractional uncertainty of 1.5% (1 sigma), including systematic errors. Our analysis of random and systematic errors accounts in a realistic way for the observed quasar variability, fluctuating microlensing magnification over a broad range of temporal scales, noise properties, and seasonal gaps. Finally, we find that our time-delay measurement methods yield compatible results when applied to subsets of the data.
Log BPS numbers of log Calabi-Yau surfaces

<p>Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper S comma upper E right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(S,E)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a log Calabi-Yau surface pair with <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper E"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> a smooth divisor. We define new conjecturally integer-valued counts of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper A Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">A</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {A}^1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-curves in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper S comma upper E right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(S,E)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. These <italic>log BPS numbers</italic> are derived from genus 0 log Gromov-Witten invariants of maximal tangency along <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper E"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> via a formula analogous to the multiple cover formula for disk counts. A conjectural relationship to genus 0 local BPS numbers is described and verified for del Pezzo surfaces and curve classes of arithmetic genus up to 2. We state a number of conjectures and provide computational evidence. </p>
The (1, 2)-step competition graph of a hypertournament

Abstract In 2011, Factor and Merz [Discrete Appl. Math. 159 (2011), 100–103] defined the ( 1 , 2 ) \left(1,2) -step competition graph of a digraph. Given a digraph D = ( V , A ) D=\left(V,A) , the ( 1 , 2 ) \left(1,2) -step competition graph of D, denoted C 1 , 2 ( D ) {C}_{1,2}\left(D) , is a graph on V ( D ) V\left(D) , where x y ∈ E ( C 1 , 2 ( D ) ) xy\in E\left({C}_{1,2}\left(D)) if and only if there exists a vertex z ≠ x , y z\ne x,y such that either d D − y ( x , z ) = 1 {d}_{D-y}\left(x,z)=1 and d D − x ( y , z ) ≤ 2 {d}_{D-x}(y,z)\le 2 or d D − x ( y , z ) = 1 {d}_{D-x}(y,z)=1 and d D − y ( x , z ) ≤ 2 {d}_{D-y}\left(x,z)\le 2 . They also characterized the (1, 2)-step competition graphs of tournaments and extended some results to the ( i , j ) \left(i,j) -step competition graphs of tournaments. In this paper, the definition of the (1, 2)-step competition graph of a digraph is generalized to a hypertournament and the (1, 2)-step competition graph of a k-hypertournament is characterized. Also, the results are extended to ( i , j ) \left(i,j) -step competition graphs of k-hypertournaments.
New parton distributions in a fixed flavour factorization scheme from recent deep-inelastic-scattering data

We present our QCD analysis of the proton structure function to determine the parton distributions at the next-to-leading order. The heavy quark contributions to , with i = c, b have been included in the framework of the ? fixed flavour number scheme? (FFNS). The results obtained in the FFNS are compared with available results such as the general-mass variable-flavour-number scheme and other techniques used in global QCD fits of parton distribution functions. In the present QCD analysis, we use a wide range of the inclusive neutral-current deep-inelastic-scattering (NC DIS) data, including the most recent data for charm , bottom , longitudinal FL structure functions and also the reduced DIS cross sections from HERA experiments. The most recent HERMES data for proton and deuteron structure functions are also added. We take into account ZEUS neutral current e? p DIS inclusive jet cross-section data from HERA together with the recent Tevatron Run-II inclusive jet cross-section data from CDF and D? The impact of this recent DIS data on the PDFs extracted from the global fits are studied. We present two families of PDFs, KKT12 and KKT12C, without and with HERA ? combined? data sets on e? p DIS. We find these are in good agreement with the available theoretical models.
Smoothing methods comparison for CMB E- and B-mode separation

The anisotropies of the B-mode polarization in the cosmic microwave background radiation play a crucial role in the study of the very early Universe. However, in real observations, a mixture of the E-mode and B-mode can be caused by partial sky surveys, which must be separated before being applied to a cosmological explanation. The separation method developed by Smith (2006) has been widely adopted, where the edge of the top-hat mask should be smoothed to avoid numerical errors. In this paper, we compare three different smoothing methods and investigate leakage residuals of the E-B mixture. We find that, if less information loss is needed and a smaller region is smoothed in the analysis, the sin- and cos-smoothing methods are better. However, if we need a cleanly constructed B-mode map, the larger region around the mask edge should be smoothed. In this case, the Gaussian-smoothing method becomes much better. In addition, we find that the leakage caused by numerical errors in the Gaussian-smoothing method is mostly concentrated in two bands, which is quite easy to reduce for further E-B separations.
Constraints on brane inflation and cosmic strings

By considering simple, but representative, models of brane inflation from a single brane–antibrane pair in the slow roll regime, we provide constraints on the parameters of the theory imposed by measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies by WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) including a cosmic string component. We find that inclusion of the string component is critical in constraining parameters. In the most general model studied, which includes an inflaton mass term, as well as the brane–antibrane attraction, values ns<1.02 are compatible with the data at 95% confidence level. We are also able to constrain the volume of the warped throat region (modulo factors dependent on the warp factor) and the value of the inflaton field to be <0.66MP at horizon exit. We also investigate models with a mass term. These observational considerations suggest that such models have r<2 × 10−5, which can only be circumvented in the fast roll regime, or by increasing the number of antibranes. Such a value of r would not be detectable in any CMB polarization experiment likely in the near future, but the B-mode signal from the cosmic strings could be detectable. We present forecasts of what a similar analysis using PLANCK data would yield and find that it should be possible to rule out Gμ>6.5 × 10−8 using just the TT, TE and EE power spectra.
Plasmonic amplification and suppression in nanowaveguide coupled to gain-assisted high-quality plasmon resonances

We study transmission in a nano waveguide coupled to high-quality plasmon resonances for which the metal loss is overcompensated by gain. The on-resonance transmission can vary widely from lower than −20 dB to higher than 20 dB for a range of gain coefficient. A reversible transition between the high-quality amplification and the suppression can be induced by a quite small change of gain coefficient for a moderately increased distance between the waveguide and the resonator. It is expected that in practice a small change of gain coefficient can be made by flexibly controlling pumping rate or utilizing nonlinear gain. Additionally, based on the frequency-dependant model for gain-transition susceptibility, it is shown that the wide variation of the on-resonance transmission can also be observed for defferent detuning of the gain-transition line-center. Such a widely controllable on-resonance transmission is promising for applications such as well-controlled lumped amplification of surface plasmon-polariton as well as plasmonic switching.
Braided chord diagrams

The notion of a braided chord diagram is introduced and studied. An equivalence relation is given which identifies all braidings of a fixed chord diagram. It is shown that finite-type invariants are stratified by braid index for knots which can be represented as closed 3-braids. Partial results are obtained about spanning sets for the algebra of chord diagrams of braid index 3.
Radio Galaxy Zoo: host galaxies and radio morphologies for large surveys from visual inspection

We present early results from Radio Galaxy Zoo, a web-based citizen science project for visual inspection and classification of images from all-sky radio surveys. The goals of the project are to classify individual radio sources (particularly galaxies with multiple lobes and/or complex morphologies) as well as matching the continuum radio emission to the host galaxy. Radio images come from the FIRST and ATLAS surveys, while matches to potential hosts are performed with infrared imaging from WISE and SWIRE. The first twelve months of classification yielded more than 1 million classifications of more than 60,000 sources. For images with at least 75% consensus by the volunteer classifiers, the accuracy is comparable to visual inspection by the expert science team. Based on mid-infrared colors, the hosts associated with radio emission are primarily a mixture of elliptical galaxies, QSOs, and LIRGs, which are in good agreement with previous studies. The full catalog of radio lobes and their host galaxies will measure the relative populations of host types as a function of radio morphology and power. Radio Galaxy Zoo has also been an effective method for detecting extremely rare objects, such as HyMORs and giant radio galaxies. Results from the project are being used to train automatic algorithms for host matching for use in future large continuum surveys such as EMU, as well as establishing roles for citizen science in projects such as the SKA.
POWER-LAW WRINKLING TURBULENCE–FLAME INTERACTION MODEL FOR ASTROPHYSICAL FLAMES

We extend a model for turbulence–flame interactions (TFI) to consider astrophysical flames with a particular focus on combustion in Type Ia supernovae. The inertial range of the turbulent cascade is nearly always under-resolved in simulations of astrophysical flows, requiring the use of a model in order to quantify the effects of subgrid-scale wrinkling of the flame surface. We provide implementation details to extend a well-tested TFI model to low-Prandtl number flames for use in the compressible hydrodynamics code flash. A local, instantaneous measure of the turbulent velocity is calibrated for flash and verification tests are performed. Particular care is taken to consider the relation between the subgrid rms turbulent velocity and the turbulent flame speed, especially for high-intensity turbulence where the turbulent flame speed is not expected to scale with the turbulent velocity. Finally, we explore the impact of different TFI models in full-star, three-dimensional simulations of Type Ia supernovae.
Pressure effects on the X-ray intrinsic position resolution in noble gases and mixtures

A study of the effect of gas pressure in the position resolution of an interacting X or γ-ray photon in a gas medium is performed. The intrinsic position resolution for pure noble gases (Argon and Xenon) and their mixtures with CO2 and CH4 was calculated for several gas pressures (1–10 bar) and for photon energies between 1 and 60 keV, being possible to establish a linear relation between the intrinsic position resolution and the inverse of the gas pressure in the indicated energy range, as intuitively expected. We show how, at high pressures and low photoelectron energies, this intrinsic 1/P scaling is modified due to the diffusion of the primary ionization in the direction perpendicular to the electric field. In order to evaluate the quality of the method here described, a comparison between the available experimental data and microscopic simulations is presented in this work and discussed. In the majority of cases, a good agreement is observed. The conditions to achieve position resolutions down to 10 μm in a realistic detector are shown and discussed.
METASTABLE CONVERGENCE THEOREMS

The dominated convergence theorem implies that if (fn) is a se- quence of functions on a probability space taking values in the interval (0,1), and (fn) converges pointwise a.e. , then ( R fn) converges to the integral of the pointwise limit. Tao (20) has proved a quantitative version of this theorem: given a uniform bound on the rates of metastable convergence in the hypoth- esis, there is a bound on the rate of metastable convergence in the conclusion that is independent of the sequence (fn) and the underlying space. We prove a slight strengthening of Tao's theorem which, moreover, provides an explicit description of the second bound in terms of the first. Specifically, we show that when the first bound is given by a continuous functional, the bound in the conclusion can be computed by a recursion along the tree of unsecured sequences. We also establish a quantitative version of Egorov's theorem, and introduce a new mode of convergence related to these notions.
Non-Fermi liquids and the Wiedemann-Franz law

A general discussion of the ratio of thermal and electrical conductivities in non-Fermi liquid metals is given. In metals with sharp Drude peaks, the relevant physics is correctly organized around the slow relaxation of almost-conserved momenta. While in Fermi liquids both currents and momenta relax slowly, due to the weakness of interactions among low energy excitations, in strongly interacting non-Fermi liquids typically only momenta relax slowly. It follows that the conductivities of such non-Fermi liquids are obtained within a fundamentally different kinematics to Fermi liquids. Among these strongly interacting non-Fermi liquids we distinguish cases with only one almost-conserved momentum, which we term hydrodynamic metals, and with many patchwise almost-conserved momenta. For all these cases, we obtain universal expressions for the ratio of conductivities that violate the Wiedemann-Franz law. We further discuss the case in which long-lived `cold' quasiparticles, in general with unconventional scattering rates, coexist with strongly interacting hot spots, lines or bands. For these cases, we characterize circumstances under which non-Fermi liquid transport, in particular a linear in temperature resistivity, is and is not compatible with the Wiedemann-Franz law. We suggest the likely outcome of future transport experiments on CeCoIn5, YbRh2Si2 and Sr3Ru2O7 at their critical magnetic fields.