Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical analysis of the unsteady influence of the inlet guide vanes on cavitation performance of an axial pump

The effect of the inlet guide vanes on cavitation performance of an axial pump is investigated to assess the mechanism for cavitation in pumps and improve their cavitation performance. The effect of inlet guide vane angles on cavitation performance was assessed experimentally, and computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the inner flow field of the axial pump and to probe the cavitation mechanism. The simulation results agree qualitatively with the experimental data, showing that cavitation performance is improved with positive inlet guide vane angles but hampered with negative ones. The cavitation performance itself is controlled by the cavitation volume, which first expands circumferentially when the net positive suction head decreases from a certain large value and then develops toward the axis radially after the net positive suction head reaches a certain value. This is when the cavitation performance deteriorates. Comparing cavitation volume for the critical net positive suction head as determined by two different methods, the method based on efficiency drop (NPSHeff.,1%) is found to be more suitable than that based on head drop (NPSHhead.,3%). Furthermore, the distribution of swirl is shown to be closely related to the distribution of cavitation, a feature that may be used to predict cavitation along the impeller.
Lightweight Spatial-Spectral Network Based on 3D-2D Multi-Group Feature Extraction Module for Hyperspectral Image Classification

ABSTRACT Each pixel in the hyperspectral image contains tens to hundreds of narrow bands of detailed spectral information captured by a hyperspectral sensor. Hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) is widely used in remote sensing image analysis. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is one of the most commonly used deep learning methods based on visual data processing. In recent years, hyperspectral classification method based on the convolutional neural network has shown excellent performance. However, single-scale feature extraction may lose some important detail information and cannot guarantee that the best spatial features are captured. Multi-scale character extraction and increasingly deep network structures can improve classification accuracy, but also bring a large number of computational parameters, resulting in higher computational costs. In response to this series of problems, this paper proposes a lightweight spatial-spectral network based on 3D − 2D multi-group feature extraction module (MGFM) for HSCI. In the 3D-MGFM, the input feature maps are grouped and processed in parallel, and then the information of each channel is integrated by point-wise convolution to achieve spatial-spectral feature fusion. We use dilated convolutions with different dilation rate on the convolution kernel to improve the problem of feature information loss, so that we can better learn deep-level spatial-spectral features. In the 2D-MGFM, we selectively emphasize spectral feature information through SENet and extract multi-scale features based on Depthwise Separable Convolution (DSC) grouping. Experimental results on four hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better classification performance than other state-of-the-art methods.
Synthesis, Single-Crystal XRD, Spectral and Computational Analysis of 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-Phenanthro[9,10-d] Imidazole as Electron-Transport and NLO Material

Abstract A new Phenanthro-imidazole crystal, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d] was synthesized and characterized with spectral studies (IR, 1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR). Single Crystal X-ray and refinement studies reveals that the synthesized crystal system is monoclinic with P21/n space group and crystallographic data has been deposited in the Cambridge crystallographic data center with CCDC number: 2126693. RMSD values (Bond length = 0.035 Å and Bond angle= ) and R-squared analysis (Bond length = 0.985 and bond angle = 0.990) reveals very good correlation between the experimental and theoretical structure. Analysis of frontier molecular orbitals and calculation of reorganization energy using DFT methods reveals that the crystals could be used as an electron transport material in OLED devices as the electron reorganization energy ( is comparatively low with a value of 0.373 eV. The computed value for the static first hyperpolarizability of the crystal was found to be 1.40023X10−of esu, which is four times higher than the standard value of urea and hence the crystal can be a potential candidate for future studies in non-linear optics.
The stability of the primed pool of synaptic vesicles and the clamping of spontaneous neurotransmitter release rely on the integrity of the C-terminal half of the SNARE domain of syntaxin-1A

The SNARE proteins are central in membrane fusion and, at the synapse, neurotransmitter release. However, their involvement in the dual regulation of the synchronous release while maintaining a pool of readily releasable vesicles remains unclear. Using a chimeric approach, we performed a systematic analysis of the SNARE domain of STX1A by exchanging the whole SNARE domain or its N- or C-terminus subdomains with those of STX2. We expressed these chimeric constructs in STX1-null hippocampal mouse neurons. Exchanging the C-terminal half of STX1’s SNARE domain with that of STX2 resulted in a reduced RRP accompanied by an increased release rate, while inserting the C-terminal half of STX1’s SNARE domain into STX2 lead to an enhanced priming and decreased release rate. Additionally, we found that the mechanisms for clamping spontaneous, but not for Ca2+-evoked release, are particularly susceptible to changes in specific residues on the outer surface of the C-terminus of the SNARE domain of STX1A. Particularly, mutations of D231 and R232 affected the fusogenicity of the vesicles. We propose that the C-terminal half of the SNARE domain of STX1A plays a crucial role in the stabilization of the RRP as well as in the clamping of spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion through the regulation of the energetic landscape for fusion, while it also plays a covert role in the speed and efficacy of Ca2+-evoked release.
Phosphorylation-dependent interactions of VAPB and ELYS contribute to the temporal progression of mitosis

ELYS is a nucleoporin that localizes to the nuclear side of the nuclear envelope in interphase cells. In mitosis, it serves as an assembly platform that interacts with chromatin and then with nucleoporin subcomplexes to initiate the formation of novel nuclear pore complexes. Here we describe the interaction of ELYS with the membrane protein VAPB. In mitosis, ELYS becomes phosphorylated at many sites, including a predicted FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract) motif, which is shown to mediate interaction with the MSP (major sperm protein)-domain of VAPB. Phosphorylation-dependent binding of VAPB to ELYS is demonstrated by peptide binding assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. In anaphase, the two proteins co-localize to the non-core region of the newly forming nuclear envelope. Depletion of VAPB resulted in prolonged mitosis and slow progression from meta-to anaphase and also to chromosome segregation defects. Together, our results suggest an active role of VAPB in recruiting membrane fragments to chromatin and in the biogenesis of a novel nuclear envelope during mitosis.
Missing-link fold reveals the evolutionary pathway between RNA polymerase and ribosomal proteins

Numerous molecular machines are required to drive the central dogma of molecular biology. However, the means by which such numerous proteins emerged in the early evolutionary stage of life remains enigmatic. Many of them possess small β-barrel folds with different topologies, represented by DPBB conserved in DNA and RNA polymerases, and RIFT, OB, and SH3 in ribosomal proteins. Here, we discovered that the previously reconstructed ancient DPBB sequence could also adopt a novel β-barrel fold named DZBB, which shares similarities with RIFT and OB. Indeed, DZBB could be transformed into them through simple engineering experiments. Furthermore, the OB designs could be converted into SH3 by circular-permutation. These results indicate that these β-barrels diversified quickly from a common ancestor at the beginning of the central dogma evolution.
Synaptophysin chaperones the assembly of 12 SNAREpins under each ready-release vesicle

The synaptic vesicle protein Synaptophysin has long been known to form a complex with the v-SNARE VAMP, but a more specific molecular function or mechanism of action in exocytosis has been lacking because gene knockouts have minimal effects. Utilizing fully-defined reconstitution and single-molecule measurements, we now report that Synaptophysin functions as a chaperone that determines the number of SNAREpins assembling between a ready-release vesicle and its target membrane bilayer. Specifically, Synaptophysin directs the assembly of 12 ± 1 SNAREpins under each docked vesicle, even in the face of an excess of SNARE proteins. The SNAREpins assemble in successive waves of 6 ± 1 and 5 ± 2 SNAREpins, respectively, tightly linked to oligomerization of and binding to the vesicle Ca++ sensor Synaptotagmin. Templating of 12 SNAREpins by Synaptophysin is likely the direct result of its hexamer structure and its binding of VAMP2 dimers, both of which we demonstrate in detergent extracts and lipid bilayers. Significance Statement Synaptophysin is the most abundant protein and a unique constituent of synaptic vesicles, yet it has no known function, due to minimal genetic phenotypes and the lack of biochemical assays. Here, we directly establish using two independent methods that the synaptic vesicle protein Synaptophysin forms a hexameric complex containing 12 copies of the v-SNARE VAMP2. These v-SNAREs assemble into SNAREpins as ready-release vesicles are formed in a fully-defined cell-free system, and do so in two equal waves organized by oligomerization of the Ca++ sensor Synaptotagmin. In the absence of Synaptophysin, two waves are also observed, but the number of SNAREpins in each varies widely. We suggest that a single Synaptophysin hexamer in each vesicle symmetrically organizes 6 pairs of peripheral and central SNAREpins, the latter being directly bound to the Synaptotagmin ring. This gives rise to the symmetrical ring-like arrangement of densities observed by cryo-EM tomography under each synaptic vesicle (1, 2).
Anti-muscle Atrophy Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri ATG-F4 and Its Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites: Implications for Prophylaxis and Therapy

Lactobacillus reuteri ATG-F4, human gut-derived bacteria, was orally administrated in a model of hindlimb immobilization and confirmed the muscular performance, muscle mass and mechanism on anti-atrophy study. Concomitantly, the changes in the intestinal flora, the metabolites and cytokines were investigated. In the stapled immobilization mice model, ATG- F4 treated group had significantly increased muscle mass, myofiber size, running time to be exhausted and grip strength. The cytokine levels in serum and muscle tissues were reduced by ATG-F4 treatment. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of proteins involved in muscle synthesis such as mTOR, p70S6K, rpS6 and 4E-BP1 increased and MuRF1 related to muscle atrophy factor reduced in the TA and GA muscles. ATG-F4 treatment changed the ratio of main intestinal microflora by increasing the family Muribaculaceae (phylum Bacteroidetes) and decreasing the family Lachnospiraceae (phylum Firmicutes) and Lactobacillaceae (phylum Firmicutes). Also, the level of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyric acid and acetic acid in the serum of ATG-F4 group were increased. These results suggest that L. reuteri ATG- F4 can inhibit muscle atrophy and it is associated with the microbiota and its metabolites with the anti-inflammation effect. ATG-F4 may be a potential prophylactic or therapeutic composition for muscle atrophy.
Recent emergence of cephalosporin resistant Salmonella Typhi carrying IncFIB(K) plasmid encoding blaCTX-M-15 gene in India

The emergence and spread of Salmonella Typhi resistant to third generation cephalosporins are a serious global health concern. In this study, we have genomically characterized twelve cephalosporin resistant S. Typhi strains isolated from India. Comparative genome analysis of study isolates revealed the emergence of a new clone of ceftriaxone-resistant S. Typhi containing three plasmids of the incompatibility group IncFIB(K), IncX1 and IncFIB(pHCM2). Among the three, IncFIB(K) plasmid confers resistance to third-generation cephalosporins by means of blaCTX-M-15 gene, as well as other resistance determinants such as aph(3”), aph(6’), sul2, dfrA14 and tetA. Phylogenetic analysis of strains revealed that a single isolate belongs to a clade corresponding to genotype 4.3. 1 and isolates from Ahmedabad (n=11) belong to a distinct subclade within genotype 4.3. 1.2 (H58 lineage II). SNP-based phylogenetic analysis of the core genes in IncFIB(K) revealed the plasmid backbone is closely related to that of IncFIB(K) from other Enterobacterales. The findings suggest that H58 lineage II can acquire MDR plasmids from other Enterobacteriales if compensatory evolution balances the cost of carrying the plasmids. Though, like previously reported, exposure to the third generation cephalosporins during the treatment may have selected these variants, this could indicate the beginning of a new wave of ceftriaxone resistant S. Typhi in India. The implementation of control measures such as vaccination, improved water, sanitation, etc., could be undertaken in areas where MDR or XDR S Typhi strains are prevalent.
MicroED structure of the human vasopressin 1B receptor

The small size and flexibility of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have long posed a significant challenge to determining their structures for research and therapeutic applications. Single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) is often out of reach due to the small size of the receptor without a signaling partner. Crystallization of GPCRs in lipidic cubic phase (LCP) often results in crystals that may be too small and difficult to analyze using X-ray microcrystallography at synchrotron sources or even serial femtosecond crystallography at X-ray free electron lasers. Here, we determine the previously unknown structure of the human vasopressin 1B receptor (V1BR) using microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED). To achieve this, we grew V1BR microcrystals in LCP and transferred the material directly onto electron microscopy grids. The protein was labeled with a fluorescent dye prior to crystallization to locate the microcrystals using cryogenic fluorescence microscopy, and then the surrounding material was removed using a plasma-focused ion beam to thin the sample to a thickness amenable to MicroED. MicroED data from 14 crystalline lamellae were used to determine the 3.2 Å structure of the receptor in the crystallographic space group P 1. These results demonstrate the use of MicroED to determine previously unknown GPCR structures that, despite significant effort, were not tractable by other methods.
Multiple Postsynaptic Protein Levels in Adult Superior Colliculus Are Unaffected by Dark Rearing from Birth

Dark rearing in kittens and monkeys delays visual pathway development and prolongs the critical period. In contrast, receptive fields (RFs) in superior colliculus (SC) and visual cortex (V1) of Syrian hamsters refine normally with spontaneous activity alone, requiring only brief juvenile visual experience to maintain refined RFs in adulthood. Continued visual deprivation into adulthood reduces GAD and GABA levels due to reduced BDNF-TrkB signaling, resulting in RF re-enlargement. To explore possible postsynaptic changes caused by dark rearing, we examined expression of GABAA receptors and their anchoring protein gephyrin and cation-chloride co-transporters KCC2 and NKCC1 in dark reared hamsters. We found that dark rearing from birth until puberty had no effect on levels of postsynaptic GABAA receptors or their subunit composition, anchoring proteins, or chloride transporters. Thus, visual deprivation from birth to puberty reveals a new form of maladaptive, inhibitory plasticity in which, rather than extending the critical period, hamster receptive fields refine normally and then lose refinement in adulthood. These results suggest that attempts to increase plasticity in adulthood for rehabilitation or recovery from injury should consider the possibility of unintended negative consequences. In addition, our results demonstrate the interesting finding that changes in neurotransmitter levels are not necessarily coordinated with changes in postsynaptic components. Contribution to the field statement Raising animals in darkness from birth prevents development of the visual system in some mammals. In Syrian hamsters, however, the visual system develops normally in the dark, but continued visual deprivation into adulthood leads to a gradual re-expansion of receptive field size. We showed previously that a loss of presynaptic inhibition contributes to the reversal of visual refinement in adulthood. However, the postsynaptic mechanisms that contribute to the reversal of visual refinement are not yet known. Here we show that despite the reduction in GABAergic lateral inhibition there are no detectable changes in postsynaptic GABAA receptor levels or in several other postsynaptic proteins. These results show that changes in presynaptic ligand levels do not always correspond with changes in their postsynaptic receptors. They suggest that in some species dark rearing extended into adulthood can re-establish plasticity, potentially producing negative effects on visual acuity.
Routing and Scheduling in different ways: Abridged Preliminary Report

We present alternative approaches to routing and scheduling in Answer Set Programming (ASP), and explore them in the context of Multi-agent Path Finding. The idea is to capture the flow of time in terms of partial orders rather than time steps attached to actions and fluents. This also abolishes the need for fixed upper bounds on the length of plans. The trade-off for this avoidance is that (parts of) temporal trajectories must be acyclic, since multiple occurrences of the same action or fluent cannot be distinguished anymore. While this approach provides an interesting alternative for modeling routing, it is without alternative for scheduling since fine-grained timings cannot be represented in ASP in a feasible way. This is different for partial orders that can be efficiently handled by external means such as acyclicity and difference constraints. We formally elaborate upon this idea and present several resulting ASP encodings. Finally, we demonstrate their effectiveness via an empirical analysis.
A structural theorem for codimension-one foliations on P^n,n≥3, with an application to degree three foliations

Let F be a codimension-one foliation on Pn : for each point p 2 Pn we defineJ (F, p) as the order of the first non-zero jet jk p(! ) of a holomorphic 1form ! definingF at p. The singular set ofF is sing(F) = {p 2 Pn |J (F, p) 1}. We prove (main Theorem 1.2) that a foliation F satisfying J (F, p)  1 for all p 2 Pn has a non-constant rational first integral. Using this fact we are able to prove that any foliation of degree-three on Pn , with n 3, is either the pull-back of a foliation on P2, or has a transverse affine structure with poles. This extends previous results for foliations of degree at most two. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 37FF75 (primary); 34M45 (secondary). Notation 1. On: the ring of germs at 0 2 Cn of holomorphic functions. O⇤ n = { f 2 On | f (0) 6= 0}. mn = { f 2 On | f (0) = 0}. 2. f | g: f, g 2 mn \ {0} and f divides g. 3. f g: f, g 2 mn \ {0} and f does not divide g. 4. [ f, g]0: the intersection number of f, g 2 m2 \ {0}, when f and g have no common factor. 5. < f, g >: the ideal generated by f, g 2 Op. 6. Diff(Cn, p): the group of germs at p 2 Cn of biholomorphisms f with f (p) = p. 7. iX (! ): the interior product of the vector field X and the form ! 8. LX : the Lie derivativative in the direction of the vector field X . 9. j k p: the kth-jet at the point p.
Improving Sentence Embedding With Sentence Relationships From Word Analogies

In this study, we introduce a novel approach to enhance sentence embedding by leveraging word analogy. Compared with past methods that use word analogy on sentence-level tasks, our method is less affected by sentence patterns and pays more attention to semantic relations. By fine-tuning pre-trained models as BERT, RoBERTa and Sentence-BERT and evaluating their performance on inter-sentence downstream tasks, we demonstrate the efficiency of our method. Our experimental results show that each model, following fine-tuning using our approach, exhibits improvements across all inter-sentence tasks. In the STS task, our method increases the average result from 18.63% to 62.52% on BERT. This outcome substantiates that sentence relationships derived from word analogy contain valuable knowledge that can enhance the performance of sentence embedding models.
Implicit Euler method for numerical solution of nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with multiplicative trace class noise

In this paper, we consider the numerical approximation of stochastic partial differential equations with nonlinear multiplicative trace class noise. Discretization is obtained by spectral collocation method in space, and semi‐implicit Euler method is used for the temporal approximation. Our purpose is to investigate the convergence of the proposed method. The rate of convergence is obtained, and some numerical examples are included to illustrate the estimated convergence rate.
Less is Better: An Energy-Based Approach to Case Base Competence

This paper revisits the notion of case base competence in the light of recent advances in the modeling of analogical reasoning, based on the idea of similarity transfer from a situation space to an outcome space. For that we consider the CoAT indicator, that measures the compatibility between two similarity measures on a case base, and use it to define an intrinsic measure of competence of a case base with respect to a reference set. Initial experimental results show that the proposed competence measure correlates with the performance of the CoAT prediction algorithm. In fact, our preliminary results seem to indicate that, under some initial conditions, our competence based model can fit any classification boundary. We then revisit the notions of case competence and locality, and show that some source cases may degrade the overall case base competence while others may improve it, and that a given source case may have disparate influence on different regions of the case space