Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tabling as a Library with Delimited Control

The logic programming language Prolog uses a resource-efficient SLD resolution strategy for query answering. Yet, its propensity for nontermination seriously detracts from the language's declarative nature. This problem is remedied by tabling, a modified execution strategy that allows a larger class of programs to terminate. Unfortunately, few Prolog systems provide tabling, because the documented implementation techniques are complex, low-level and require a prohibitive engineering effort. To enable more widespread adoption, this paper presents a novel implementation of tabling for Prolog that is both high-level and compact. It comes in the form of a Prolog library that weighs in at under 600 lines of code, is based on delimited control and delivers reasonable performance.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Late Silurian Shidonggou granite from the Wulonggou area in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen, Northwest China

ABSTRACT The Wulonggou area in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen (EKO) in Northwest China is characterized by extensive granitic magmatism, ductile faulting, and orogenic gold mineralizations. The Shidonggou granite is located in the central part of the Wulonggou area. This study investigated the major as well as trace-element compositions, zircon U–Pb dates, and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of the Shidonggou granite. Three Shidonggou granite samples yielded an average U–Pb zircon age of 416 Ma (Late Silurian). The Late Silurian Shidonggou granite is peraluminous, with high alkali contents, high Ga/Al ratios, high (K2O + Na2O)/CaO ratios, and high Fe2O3T/MgO ratios, suggesting an A-type granite. The Shidonggou granite samples have zircon εHf(t) values ranging from −7.1 to +4.4. The Hf isotopic data suggest that the Late Silurian granite was derived from the partial melting of Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic juvenile mantle-derived mafic lower crust. Detailed geochronological and geochemical data suggest that the Late Silurian granite was emplaced in a post-collisional environment following the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. Combining data of other A-type granitic rocks with ages of Late Early Silurian to Middle Devonian, such post-collisional setting related to the Proto-Tethys Ocean commenced at least as early as ~430 Ma (Late Early Silurian), and sustained up to ~389 Ma (Middle Devonian) in the EKO.
Fast Rerouting Algorithms for Routing Protocols in IP Networks

Most current backbone networks use Link-State protocol, OSPF(open Shortest Path First) or IS-IS(Intermediate System to Intermediate System), as their intradomain routing protocol. Link-State protocols perform global routing table update to route around failures. It usually takes seconds. As real-time applications like VoIP emerge in recent years, there is a requirement for a Fast Rerouting mechanism to route around failures before all routers on the network update their routing tables. In addition, Fast Rerouting is more appropriate than global routing table update when failures are transient. Therefore, Fast Rerouting solutions have been proposed and developed in recent years which ensure route availability and reduce the packet loss. This paper depicts the Fast Rerouting Algorithms for link state routing protocols i.e., OSPF/IS-IS over IP Networks. Keywords— Open Shortest Path First(OSPF),Intermediate to Intermediat(ISIS),Rerouting,Protocol,Network
Watermarking Algorithm Against Geometrical Attacks Based on DWT-SVD

How to solve watermarked products against geometrical attacks is the key problem to improve watermark robustness. So this paper proposed a digital watermarking embedding algorithm using discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) based on Singular value decomposition (SVD). Simulation experiment shows that the algorithm can well withstand such geometrical attacks as rotation, scaling, cropping and translation. And it also has good imperceptibility, high security and big watermark capacity
2 EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing The commercial application

Several authors have presented systems that estimate the audio similarity of two pieces of music through the calculation of a distance metric, such as the Euclidean distance, between spectral features calculated from the audio, related to the timbre or pitch of the signal. These features can be augmented with other, temporally or rhythmically based features such as zero-crossing rates, beat histograms, or fluctuation patterns to form a more well-rounded music similarity function. It is our contention that perceptual or cultural labels, such as the genre, style, or emotion of the music, are also very important features in the perception of music. These labels help to define complex regions of similarity within the available feature spaces. We demonstrate a machinelearning-based approach to the construction of a similarity metric, which uses this contextual information to project the calculated features into an intermediate space where a music similarity function that incorporates some of the cultural information may be calculated.
2 EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing Copper access binder NEXT FEXT

The emerging multiuser transmission techniques for enabling higher data rates in the copper-access network relies upon accurate knowledge of the twisted-pair cables. In particular, the square-magnitude of the crosstalk channels between the transmission lines are of interest for crosstalk-mitigation techniques. Acquiring such information normally requires dedicated apparatus since crosstalk-channel measurement is not included in the current digital subscriber line (DSL) standards. We address this problem by presenting a standard-compliant estimator for the square-magnitude of the frequency-dependent crosstalk channels that uses only functionality existing in today’s standards. The proposed estimator is evaluated by laboratory experiments with standard-compliant DSL modems and real copper access network cables. The estimation results are compared with both reference measurements and with a widely used crosstalk model. The results indicate that the proposed estimator obtains an estimate of the square-magnitude of the crosstalk channels with a mean deviation from the reference measurement less than 3 dB for most frequencies.
2 EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing

1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA 6845, Australia 2College of Engineering & Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia 3 Institute of Physics, Signal Processing Group, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany 4 School of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Tel Aviv, Israel 5Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK 6Microsoft Research, USA
Research Article Fast Time-domain Edge-diffraction Calculations for Interactive Acoustic Simulations

The inclusion of edge diffraction has long been recognized as an improvement to geometrical-acoustics (GA) modeling techniques, particularly for acoustic simulations of complex environments that are represented as collections of finite-sized planar surfaces. One particular benefit of combining edge diffraction with GA components is that the resulting total sound field is continuous when an acoustic source or receiver crosses a specular-zone or shadow-zone boundary, despite the discontinuity experienced by the associated GA component. In interactive acoustic simulations which include only GA components, such discontinuities may be heard as clicks or other undesirable audible artifacts, and thus diffraction calculations are important for high perceptual quality as well as physical realism. While exact diffraction calculations are difficult to compute at interactive rates, approximate calculations are possible and sufficient for situations in which the ultimate goal is a perceptually plausible simulation rather than a numerically exact one. In this paper, we describe an edge-subdivision strategy that allows for fast time-domain edge-diffraction calculations with relatively low error when compared with results from a more numerically accurate solution. The tradeoff between computation time and accuracy can be controlled with a number of parameters, allowing the user to choose the speed that is necessary and the error that is tolerable for a specific modeling scenario.
Parties , Coalitions , and the Internal Organization of Legislatures [ Preliminary and Incomplete ]

We present a model of legislative/congressional organization and policymaking that provides micro-foundations for the organization of democratic legislatures along party lines. Our theory recovers as special cases the predictions of both partisan and non-partisan theories in the ongoing debate on the strength of political partiesindependent inuence on legislative outcomes (e.g. Cox vs. Krehbiel). We model collective decision making in the legislature as a two-stage organization and policy bargaining game. The policy stage is modeled as busy legislature where members vote on proposals based on their unconstrained preferences over policy. Unlike partisan theories our model does not rely on the existence of a party leadership being able to use legislative or extra-legislative punishments in order to induce members to toe the party line. In our model partisan outcomes arise because legislators who have preference a¢ nities choose to skew the distribution of agenda power towards their group. In equilibrium the distribution of agenda power can thus be inegalitarian, leading to policy outcomes biased away from the median. Our theory is also able to uncover the conditions under which median outcomes nevertheless prevail: low bargaining costs or the median monopolizes agenda power. We discuss the implications of our ndings for a general theory of legislative organization. JEL Classi cation: D72, D78, C72
A Comprehensive Analysis and study in Intrusion Detection System using Data Mining Techniques

Data mining refers to extracting knowledge from large amounts of data. Most of the current systems are weak at detecting attacks without generating false alarms. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are increasingly a key part of system defense. An intrusion can be defined as any set of actions that compromise the integrity, confidentiality or availability of a network resource(such as user accounts, file system, kernels & so on). Data mining plays a prominent role in data analysis. In this paper, classification techniques are used to predict the severity of attacks over the network. I have compared zero R classifier, Decision table classifier & Random Forest classifier with KDDCUP 99 databases from MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
Adaptive Query Processing: Technology in Evolution.

As query engines are scaled and federated, they must cope with highly unpredictable and changeable environments. In the Telegraph project, we are attempting to architect and implement a continuously adaptive query engine suitable for global-area systems, massive parallelism, and sensor networks. To set the stage for our research, we present a survey of prior work on adaptive query processing, focusing on three characterizations of adaptivity: the frequency of adaptivity, the effects of adaptivity, and the extent of adaptivity. Given this survey, we sketch directions for research in the Telegraph project.
Online Communities

This quote is taken from the Teachernet website [2], but could be claimed to apply to any number of education sites. Increasingly, online content is being complemented by with opportunities for readers to interact with each other or participate in debate. This article will look at the proliferation of such ‘online communities’. It will consider how they might be used to support teachers and school managers, how they might be most effectively used and how ‘virtual’ communication complements and overlaps with the ‘real world’. Finally it challenges the very notion of this dichotomy.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACSIMILE-CAMERA RESPONSE TO RADIANT POINT SOURCES

In addition to imaging the surrounding terrain, planetary lander cameras may also be used to survey the stars to aid in locating the lander site. The response of the facsimile camera, which was selected for the Viking lander missions to Mars, to a radiant point source is formulated and shown to result in a statistical rather than deterministic signal. The sig- nal statistics are derived and magnitudes are evaluated for the brighter visual and red stars. The probability of detecting the resultant statistical signals in photosensor and preamplifier noise and the associated probability of false alarms are also determined.
Applying Multi-Theory Model (MTM) in Determining Intentions to Smoking Cessation among male Health Worker Smokers in Kabul, Afghanistan

Introduction: Globally, smoking causes lung cancer and a wide range of acute and chronic diseases. A fourth-generation behavioral framework, the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change was used to predict the initiation and maintenance of smoking cessation among health worker smokers. Methods: By visiting different Health Centers, a convenience sample of male health worker smokers from west part of Kabul city, was invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. A valid and reliable 37-item MTM-based survey instrument was administered to the male participants who smoked. To explain smoking cessation behavior, stepwise multiple regressions were conducted. The entire value of the Cronbach alpha coefficient () of the subscales and the scale for the initiation of MTM variables was 0.80 and for the sustenance of MTM variables was 0.79. Results: The study was completed by 170 participants. Participants were averaging 29.33 years of age (SD = 6.21). The average number of years smokers reported (SD = 4.7), was 5.6. Smoking cigarettes was the median (SD = 5.21), with 5.64 cigarettes consumed per day. Changes in the physical environment (+0.2225, P = 0.029) and behavioral confidence (+0.441, P = 0.014) were significant predictors of smoking cessation initiation. The intention to sustain smoking cessation behavior was significantly influenced by emotional transformation ({beta} = 0.222, P = 0.017) and practicing for change ({beta} = 0.217, P = 0.015). Conclusions: There was moderate variance in smoking cessation behavior among health worker smokers in Kabul's western part explained by two MTM constructs ( behavioral confidence, physical environment) for initiation and two MTM constructs (emotional transformation ,practicing for change) for maintenance. Smoking cessation behavior can be assessed using MTM both at the initiation and maintenance stages. It is important to develop future interventions using MTM constructs aiming to change smokers' behavior in regard to quitting smoking. Keywords: smoking cessation, multi-theory model, initiation, sustenance, health workers
Prenatal ochratoxin A exposure, birth outcomes and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: a human biomonitoring sub-study from the MISAME-III trial

Mycotoxin exposure during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes and poor infant growth in low- and middle-income countries. We assessed multiple biomarkers and metabolites of exposure to mycotoxins during pregnancy and their associations with birth outcomes and infant growth in 305 pregnant participants, between 30 and 34 completed weeks of gestation, in rural Burkina Faso. In this study, whole blood microsamples were analyzed for mycotoxin concentrations using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Unadjusted and adjusted associations between mycotoxin exposure, and birth outcomes and infant growth at 6 months were estimated using linear regression models for continuous outcomes and linear probability models with robust variance estimation for binary outcomes. Infant growth trajectories from birth to 6 months were compared by exposure status using mixed-effects models with random intercept for the individual infant and random slope for the age of the infant. Ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure was detected in 50.8% of the study participants, with aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin M1, cyclopiazonic acid, deoxynivalenol and T-2-toxin being detected in the range of 0.33% and 2.31% of the population. We found no statistically significant (all p [≥] 0.05) associations between OTA exposure, and birth outcomes and infant growth. Despite this, the findings indicate a significant presence of ochratoxin A among pregnant participants. Public health policies and nutrition-sensitive interventions must ensure that OTA exposure is reduced in Burkina Faso.
Disentangling the shared genetics of ADHD, cannabis use disorder and cannabis use and prediction of cannabis use disorder in ADHD

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) and cannabis use (CU) are prevalent conditions cooccurring with ADHD, but not much is known about the underlying shared genetics. Here we perform cross-disorder GWAS meta-analyses of ADHD and CUD or CU to identify pleiotropic risk loci and evaluate differences in the genetics of ADHD-CUD and ADHD-CU, and subsequently we dissect the polygenic architecture of CUD comorbidity in ADHD in the iPSYCH cohort. There was a higher genetic overlap of ADHD and CUD than observed for ADHD and CU and we found a significant direct effect of ADHD genetic risk on CUD with only a minor part (12%) mediated by the genetics of CU. We identified 36 genome-wide significant loci for ADHD-CUD and 10 loci for ADHD-CU, with concordant direction of effect on the phenotypes. Three different approaches identified DRD2, which encodes the dopamine 2 receptor, as a risk gene for ADHD-CUD and, overall, ADHD-CUD risk genes were associated with high expression across several brain tissues and brain developmental stages, which was not observed for ADHD-CU genes. ADHD-CUD and ADHD-CU demonstrated similar genetic correlations with substance use phenotypes, while they differed significantly with respect to substance use disorder (SUD) phenotypes. ADHD-CUD individuals had significantly increased polygenic score (PGS) for psychiatric disorders compared to ADHD without CUD and increased burden of rare deleterious variants. Stratifying individuals with ADHD by their CUD-PGS revealed an absolute risk of 22% for comorbid CUD among the 20% of cases with the highest CUD-PGS, which was strikingly higher than the absolute risk of 1.6% observed among the 20% of controls with the highest CUD-PGS. Sex-specific analyses identified substantial differences in the absolute risk of comorbid CUD between males and females with ADHD, with a {approx} 10% higher CUD risk among males than females in the high-risk CUD-PGS group (24% risk for males and 14% risk for females).
Air-water temperature data for the study of groundwater influence on stream thermal regimes in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia

USGS Leetown Science Center scientists collected hourly air and water temperature data at 79 site locations within nine watersheds in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia over four water years (2012-2015). Data were collected using HOBO Pro V2 thermographs (accuracy = 0.2 degrees Celsius, drift = <0.1 degrees Celsius per year per year).
Genomic reconstruction of an azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis outbreak and the creation of a multilocus sequence typing scheme

Background Fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a significant healthcare-associated pathogen with a propensity to spread patient-to-patient and cause nosocomial outbreaks, similar to Candida auris. This study investigates a prolonged outbreak of fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis across multiple years and healthcare centers in Germany. Methods We employed whole-genome sequencing of isolates from the outbreak, other regions within Germany, and compared them with isolates from a global distribution to understand the molecular epidemiology of this outbreak. Additionally, we used the genomic dataset of 258 samples to identify loci with high discriminatory power to establish the first multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) strategy for C. parapsilosis. Findings A clonal, azole-resistant strain of C. parapsilosis was observed causing invasive infections over multiple years and in multiple hospitals within the outbreak city. Including this outbreak clone, we identified three distinct ERG11 Y132F azole-resistant lineages in Germany, marking the first description of this azole-resistance in the country and its endemic status. Using the novel MLST strategy, isolates were categorized into 31 sequence types, proving the utility of the typing scheme for genetic epidemiology and outbreak investigations as a rapid alternative to whole genome sequencing. Interpretation Temporal and genomic reconstruction of the outbreak indicated that transfer of patients between healthcare facilities was likely responsible for the persistent reimportation of the drug-resistant clone and subsequent person-to-person transmission. This research underscores the importance of monitoring of C. parapsilosis epidemiology, not only in Germany but globally. The emergence of azole-resistant lineages necessitates continuous surveillance and rigorous infection control measures. By combining large-scale genomic epidemiology and introducing a novel typing method, our study offers valuable insights into the management of emerging healthcare-associated pathogens, with direct implications for public health and clinical practice. Funding German Federal Ministry for Education and Research, German Research Foundation, German Ministry of Health
Microscopic Observations of Core‐Shell Particle Structure and Implications for Atmospheric Aerosol Remote Sensing

Although atmospheric aerosol particles can have complex heterogeneous microstructure, simplified homogeneous particle models are often used in remote sensing applications. In this study, the internal structure of individual atmospheric particles was imaged with the aim of parameterizing particle structural heterogeneity. To this end, ambient urban pollution, desert dust, and biomass burning particles were sampled in northern Europe and western Africa and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Among 8,441 observed particles, about 60% of urban and 20% of desert dust particles presented residuals of coating compounds in the form of a halo surrounding a solid core. Graphic outlining of core and halo areas by image analysis revealed a dependence between halo and core dimensions as well as a greater ratio of halos thickness to total particle diameter (core plus halo) for smaller cores than for larger ones. In the case of urban pollution, the mean ratio for submicrometer and supermicrometer size fractions was 0.25 and 0.19, respectively. The corresponding mean values in the desert dust case were somewhat lower (0.22 and 0.14, respectively), but show a similar decreasing trend. Under the assumption that the halo dimension is proportional to the thickness of the particle shell, the obtained core versus shell dependencies were implemented in numerical calculations of aerosol optical characteristics. Different scenarios of the core‐shell dependencies were analyzed with respect to the influence on aerosol optical characteristics, bringing insights into sensitivity to parameterization of the core‐shell particle model in remote sensing algorithms.