Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exercise on Physical Function and Quality of Life in Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy: High Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training

Purpose: We assessed the effects of exercise on the physical function and health Quality of Life (hQoL) in prostate cancer patients underwent Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT). Additionally, the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) were compared with Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT). Methods: Seventeen prostate cancer patients underwent ADT were prospectively allocated to either HIIT or MICT. Physical function and hQoL were measured before and after 12-week and 3 to 6 months after the exercise, respectively. Results: Although the whole-body total mass significantly increased after the exercise, it was equivalent regardless of the methods. After the exercise, muscle strength and endurance improved and tended to be maintained until 3 to 6 months later. Improvement in muscle endurance was more prominent after HIIT, and that in muscle strength was more prominent after MICT. Performance in the senior fitness test improved after the exercise, and HIIT was more effective for lower and upper muscle endurance and flexibility although MICT was more effective for the others. hQoL significantly improved at 3 to 6 months after the exercise. Conclusion: 12-week exercise has a positive effect on the physical function and hQoL in prostate cancer patients underwent ADT. In these patients, HIIT may be a better option for improving muscle endurance, to prevent falls and fracture.
Modeling of the first indirect effect: Analysis of measurement requirements

We investigate the extent to which aerosol extinction is a suitable proxy for the aerosol affecting drop formation. First we use multiple realizations of a cloud model to investigate the sensitivity of cloud drop effective radius re to aerosol parameters (size distribution and composition) and dynamical parameters (updraft and liquid water content). In general, re is most sensitive to cloud liquid water, a parameter often ignored in indirect effect analyses. The relative importance of the other parameters varies for different conditions but aerosol concentration Na is consistently important. Updraft plays an increasingly important role under high aerosol loadings. A breakdown of the individual aerosol terms contributing to drop size change shows that use of aerosol extinction as a proxy for size distribution and composition tends to underestimate the magnitude of the first indirect effect. This may influence interpretation of current satellite and surface remote measurements of the indirect effect.
Taxonomic and carbon metabolic diversification of Bathyarchaeia during its co-evolution history with the early Earth surface environment

Bathyarchaeia, as one of the most abundant microorganisms on Earth, play vital roles in the global carbon cycle. However, our understanding of their origin, evolution and ecological functions remains poorly constrained. Based on the phylogeny of the present largest dataset of Bathyarchaeia metagenome assembled genome (MAG), we reclassified Bathyarchaeia into eight order-level units and corresponded to the former subgroup system. Highly diversified and versatile carbon metabolisms were discovered among different orders, particularly atypical C1 metabolic pathways, indicating that Bathyarchaeia represent overlooked important methylotrophs. Molecular dating results indicate that Bathyarchaeia diverged at ∼3.3 Ga, followed by three major diversifications at ∼3.0 Ga, ∼2.5 Ga and ∼1.8-1.7 Ga, likely driven by continental emergence, growth and intensive submarine volcanism, respectively. The lignin-degrading Bathyarchaeia clade emerged at ∼300 Ma and perhaps contributed to the sharply decreased carbon sequestration rate during the Late Carboniferous period. The evolutionary pathway of Bathyarchaeia potentially have been shaped by geological forces, which in turn impacted the Earth’s surface environment. Teaser The origin and divergence of Bathyarchaeia linked to the early Earth tectonics and surface environment changes
Circulation of the Caribbean Sea: A well‐resolved inverse problem

The Caribbean Sea is selected as a region where the large-scale circulation is well determined by historical hydrographic measurements through application of the inverse method. A simple example is used to illustrate the technique and to demonstrate how some physically relevant quantities may be well determined in the formally underdetermined inverse problem. The geostrophic flow field in the Caribbean is found by imposing mass and salt conservation constraints in seven layers separated by surfaces of constant potential density. An unsmoothed solution is displayed that has weak dependence on an initial choice of reference level. In addition, a unique smoothed solution is shown. Above sigma/sub theta/ = 27.4, the total flow leaving the western Caribbean is estimated to be 29 x 10/sup 6/ m/sup 3/ s/sup -1/, in agreement with direct measurements. This flow is made up of 22 x 10/sup 6/ m/sup 3/s /sup -1/ entering the Caribbean from the east and flowing across the southern half of the basin as the Caribbean Current, and 7 x 10/sup 6/ m/sup 3/ s/sup -1/, in agreement with direct measurements. This flow is made up of 22 x 10/sup 6/ m/sup 3/ s/sup -1/ entering the Caribbean from the east and flowingmore » across the southern half of the basin as the Caribbean Current, and 7 x 10/sup 7/ m/sup 3/ s/sup -1/ entering from the north through Windward Passage. Both of these currents show small-scale variability that diminishes with distance from the respective passages. The deep flow has no net transport, as required by the shallow exit, but a well organized clockwise recirculation is found in the deep eastern Caribbean. « less
Restauración y revegetación de taludes de carreteras en ambientes mediterráneos semiáridos: procesos edáficos determinantes para el éxito

Financiado por los proyectos del Plan Nacional de I+D CYCIT-FEDER 1FD97-0551 y MEC REN2001-2313, el Programa Ramon y Cajal, la fundacion Bancaja y el Programa I3P-Postgrado (CSIC).
Dynamic fragmentation in impacts: Hydrocode simulation of laboratory impacts

The dynamic fragmentation in impacts into solids is examined using a physical model for the formation and growth of cracks in rocks. The physical model is then inserted into a numerical model (hydrocode) of stress wave propagation and interaction, from which the outcome of a given impact event can be computed. The hydrocode model predicts fragment sizes due to impact in terms of shock waves propagating in a homogeneous elastic medium containing a distribution of crack nucleation centers known as Weibull flaws.
Geography students assess their learning using computer‐marked tests

Abstract A pilot study was carried out to assess the potential of computer‐marked tests for allowing students in geography to monitor their learning during course modules. Using multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) and computer‐marked cards, students were given short tests in lectures and practical classes. Students marked their answers in boxes on specially printed cards using soft lead pencils. The cards were read into a computer, together with a master card containing correct answers, to produce a full analysis of results in a spreadsheet. Students were given feedback and an assessment of their strengths and shortcomings. They liked the method, appreciated feedback and welcomed their ranked assessment in the course module. This method can be applied in large classes of students, is labour saving and economical in the use of resources and offers mutual benefits for students and lecturers.
Comparison of the MODIS Collection 5 Multilayer Cloud Detection Product with CALIPSO

CALIPSO, launched in June 2006, provides global active remote sensing measurements of clouds and aerosols that can be used for validation of a variety of passive imager retrievals derived from instruments flying on the Aqua spacecraft and other A‐Train platforms. The most recent processing effort for the MODIS Atmosphere Team, referred to as the Collection 5 scream, includes a research‐level multilayer cloud detection algorithm that uses both thermodynamic phase information derived from a combination of solar and thermal emission bands to discriminate layers of different phases, as well as true layer separation discrimination using a moderately absorbing water vapor band. The multilayer detection algorithm is designed to provide a means of assessing the applicability of 1D cloud models used in the MODIS cloud optical and microphysical product retrieval, which are generated at a 1 km resolution. Using pixel‐level collocations of MODIS Aqua, CALIOP, we investigate the global performance of multilayer cloud .
Modeling fire and the terrestrial carbon balance

Four CO2 concentration inversions and the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) versions 2.1 and 3 are used to provide benchmarks for climate‐driven modeling of the global land‐atmosphere CO2 flux and the contribution of wildfire to this flux. The Land surface Processes and exchanges (LPX) model is introduced. LPX is based on the Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena Spread and Intensity of FIRE (LPJ‐SPITFIRE) model with amended fire probability calculations. LPX omits human ignition sources yet simulates many aspects of global fire adequately. It captures the major features of observed geographic pattern in burnt area and its seasonal timing and the unimodal relationship of burnt area to precipitation. It simulates features of geographic variation in the sign of the interannual correlations of burnt area with antecedent dryness and precipitation. It simulates well the interannual variability of the global total land‐atmosphere CO2 flux. There are differences among the global burnt area time series from GFED2.1, GFED3 and LPX, but some features are common to all. GFED3 fire CO2 fluxes account for only about 1/3 of the variation in total CO2 flux during 1997–2005. This relationship appears to be dominated by the strong climatic dependence of deforestation fires. The relationship of LPX‐modeled fire CO2 fluxes to total CO2 fluxes is weak. Observed and modeled total CO2 fluxes track the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) closely; GFED3 burnt area and global fire CO2 flux track the ENSO much less so. The GFED3 fire CO2 flux‐ENSO connection is most prominent for the El Niño of 1997–1998, which produced exceptional burning conditions in several regions, especially equatorial Asia. The sign of the observed relationship between ENSO and fire varies regionally, and LPX captures the broad features of this variation. These complexities underscore the need for process‐based modeling to assess the consequences of global change for fire and its implications for the carbon cycle.
The Flysch Trough thrust imbricate (Betic Cordillera): A key element of the Gibraltar Arc orogenic wedge

Within the Betic‐Rif orogenic system, the Flysch Trough units are formed mainly by siliciclastic rocks, upper Jurassic to lower Miocene in age. In the Gibraltar Arc area, they are presently deformed as an accretionary prism, sandwiched between the fold‐and‐thrust belt derived from the South Iberian paleomargin sedimentary series and the metamorphic rocks of the Alboran Domain, on top. In the northern branch of the Gibraltar Arc, the main tectonic unit of the Flysch Complex is the Aljibe unit, which shows a well‐organized structure of thrust imbricates, post lower Burdigalian in age. In this unit, various domains separated by major accommodation zones are characterized by their structural style and vergence. This change in structural style can be explained as a consequence of the variations of rock type along the basal décollement. Finally, these thrust systems were affected by extensional, low‐ to medium‐angle faults and large‐scale very open folds, successively. The organization of the Aljibe unit fits a push‐from‐behind mechanism for its emplacement, in which the relatively “rigid” back stop would be represented by the Alboran Domain. With the data presented in this paper, it is definitely shown that the Aljibe unit is not “chaotic” as claimed in previous papers and that the tectonic transport direction around the Gibraltar Arc swings from a northwestward to a westward direction along its northern branch, in the vicinity of the straits.
Ocean Circulation and Dynamics on the West Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf

Abstract : Observations of current velocity, temperature, salinity and pressure from a 2-year moored array deployment and four hydrographic cruises conducted by the United States Southern Ocean GLOBEC program on the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf are used to characterize the ocean circulation and its connection to fresh water and heat fluxes on the shelf. Mean velocities on the shelf are of the order of 5 cm/s or less. Tidal motions are dominated by the M2 and S2 semi-diurnal tides and the O(1) and K(1) diurnal tides, although the tidal velocities are typically less than 2 cm/s. Near-inertial motions are relatively large, with current velocities as high as 26 cm/s. It is shown that Marguerite Trough, a large bathymetric feature connecting the shelf-break to Marguerite Bay, plays a critical role in determining the circulation. The mean flow is strongly steered in the along-slope direction, and the tidal currents also show increasing current polarization at depth in Marguerite Trough. At time-scales of 5 to 20 days, the observations show bottom-intensified motion in Marguerite Trough consistent with bottom-trapped topographic Rossby waves. The subtidal circulation in the trough has a significant wind-driven component in Marguerite Trough, with downwelling-favorable winds forcing cross-shelf flow on the northern side of the trough and along the shore on the outer shelf. Upwelling-favorable winds force roughly the opposite circulation. The cyclonic circulation on the trough helps advect blobs of salty, warm and nutrient-rich water across the shelf. These intrusions are small (approx. 4 km) and frequent (4 events/month). Also, the Antarctic Peninsula Coastal Current (APCC), a coastal buoyant current which is described for the first time here. The APCC is a seasonal current which is only present during the ice-free season and is forced by freshwater fluxes associated with large glacier melt and precipitation rates in the region.
Linear and Nonlinear Relations between Relative Plate Velocity and Seismicity

Relationships between relative plate velocity and seismicity differ by plate-boundary class. We test the null hypothesis of linearity of earthquake rates with velocity in each of seven classes. A linear relationship is expected if earthquake rate is proportional toseismicmoment rate, whichis proportional torelative platevelocity. To reducebiasbyaftershocksandswarms,weestimateindependenceprobabilitiesofearth- quakes and use them as weights. We assign shallow earthquakes to boundary steps and classes,thensortboundarystepswithineachclassbyvelocityandplotcumulativeearth- quakesagainstcumulativemodelmomentrate.Weusetwomeasuresofnonlinearityand 10 4 stochastic simulations to assess significance. In subduction zones the relationship betweenseismicityandvelocityisnonlinearwith99.9%confidence.Slowersubduction at<66 mm=a(producing35%oftectonicmomentunderthenullhypothesis)produces only 20% of subduction earthquakes. Continental convergent boundaries display simi- larnonlinearity ( P< 0:001forthenullhypothesis). Oceanspreadingridgesshowseis- micity decreasing with velocity. Oceanic transform faults and oceanic convergent boundaries show marginal nonlinearity ( P< 0:01; P< 0:05). Continental rifts and continental transform faults follow the null hypothesis. Three effects may contribute to velocity dependence in subduction: (1) the brittle/ductile transition at a critical tem- peratureisadvecteddeeperbyfasterunderthrusting;(2)subductedsedimentisviscous, so lower stresses in slower boundaries discourage earthquakes; (3) pore pressures increase with velocity, encouraging frictional failure. Mechanism (1) has only minor effects on earthquake productivity, but mechanisms (2) and (3) could be important. Online Material: Earthquake subcatalogs and cumulative-distribution tables.
SHIGA TOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI INCIDENCE IS RELATED TO SMALL AREA 1 VARIATION IN CATTLE DENSITY IN A REGION IN IRELAND. 2

the examine the spatial incidence of in a region of with significantly higher rates of STEC incidence than the national average and to identify possible risk factors of STEC incidence at area Conclusions: GIS analysis of routine data indicates that cattle density is associated STEC infection in 36 this high incidence region. This finding points to the importance of agricultural 37 practices for human health and the importance of a “one-health” approach to public 38 policy in relation to agriculture, health and environment.
Molecular characteristics of ERCC1 negative vs. ERCC1 positive tumors in resected NSCLC

To better characterize ERCC1 positive vs. negative tumors, we performed a global molecular analysis on 91 resected NSCLC samples. The present study addresses some of the current debates in the literature, notably it performs a comparison between IHC and qRT-PCR to evaluate ERCC1 expression level, and estimates the link between cancer-gene mutations (i.e. EGFR) and ERCC1 the of Our specific of DNA-damage-response IHC and Abstract PURPOSE: ERCC1 is a protein involved in repair of DNA platinum adducts and stalled DNA replication forks. We and others have previously demonstrated the influence of ERCC1 expression upon survival rates and benefit of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However little is known about the molecular characteristics of ERCC1 positive and negative tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We took advantage of a cohort of 91 patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer for which we had matched frozen and paraffin-embedded samples to explore the comparative molecular portraits of ERCC1 positive and negative tumors of NSCLC. We performed a global molecular analysis including assessment of ERCC1 expression levels using both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative RT-PCR, genomic instability (CGH), global gene and miRNA expression and sequencing of selected key genes involved in lung carcinogenesis. RESULTS: ERCC1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly correlated. However, we observed several cases with clear discrepancies. We noted that ERCC1 negative-tumors had a higher rate of genomic abnormalities vs. ERCC1 positive-tumors. ERCC1 positive-tumors seemed to share a common DNA-damage response phenotype with the overexpression of 7 genes linked to DNA-damage response. The miRNA expression analysis identified miR-375 as significantly under-expressed in ERCC1 positive-tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate inconsistencies in ERCC1 expression between IHC and qRT-PCR readouts. Further, ERCC1 status is not linked to specific mutational patterns or frequencies. Finally, ERCC1-negative tumors have a high rate of genomic aberrations that could consequently influence prognosis in patients with resected NSCLC. tissues. We analyzed the correlation between ERCC1 IHC status and mRNA expression aberration rates. Genomic instability has been proposed to be both a cause and a consequence of carcinogenesis.
Effects of antibacterial agents and drugs monitored by atomic force

Originally invented for topographic imaging, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has evolved into a multifunctional biological toolkit, enabling to measure structural and functional details of cells and molecules. Its versatility and the large scope of information it can yield make it an invaluable tool in any biologically oriented laboratory, where researchers need to perform characterizations of living samples as well as single molecules in quasi-physiological conditions and with nanoscale resolution. In the last 20years, AFM has revolutionized the characterization of microbial cells by allowing a better understanding of their cell wall and of the mechanism of action of drugs and by becoming itself a powerful diagnostic tool to study bacteria. Indeed, AFM is much more than a high-resolution microscopy technique. It can reconstruct force maps that can be used to explore the nanomechanical properties of microorganisms and probe at the same time the morphological and mechanical modifications induced by external stimuli. Furthermore it can be used to map chemical species or specific receptors with nanometricresolutiondirectlyonthemembranesoflivingorganisms.Insummary, AFM offers new capabilities and a more in-depth insight in the structure and mechanics of biological specimens with an unrivaled spatial and force resolution. Its application to the study of bacteria is extremely significant since it has already delivered important information on the metabolism of these small microorganisms and, through new and exciting technical developments, will shed more light on the real-time interaction of antimicrobial agents and bacteria. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. How to cite this article: WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2014. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1258
Rapid preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) using a handheld, nanopore-based, DNA sequencer

Objective To determine if a handheld, nanopore-based DNA sequencer can be used for rapid preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). Design Retrospective study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Amplified genomic DNA from euploid and aneuploid trophectoderm biopsy samples (n=9) that was also tested using traditional next generation sequencing (NGS). Intervention(s) Short-read DNA library preparation and nanopore-based sequencing using a hand-held MinION sequencer. Main outcome measure(s) Comparison of cytogenetic testing result from NGS and nanopore-based sequencing and the time required for library preparation and sequencing. Result(s) Multiplexed short-read DNA library preparation was completed in 45 minutes. Sequencing times varied from 1 to 2 hours. These times compare favorably with NGS library preparation (>3.5 hours) and sequencing (>12 hours) times. Whole-chromosome aneuploidy screening results obtained from nanopore-based sequencing were identical to those obtained using NGS. Conclusion(s) Methods for PGS of embryos have evolved from FISH to microarrays and most recently to NGS. Here we report the first application of nanopore-based sequencing for PGS on trophecoderm biopsy samples using a rapid multiplex short-read nanopore sequencing library preparation. Aneuploidy screening could be performed on 5 samples in one nanopore flowcell with 1 to 2 hour sequencing times. Overall, nanopore sequencing is a promising tool to perform rapid PGS assay onsite with a rapid turnover time, enabling same day testing and embryo transfer thus obviating the need for complex, large and expensive DNA sequencers or frozen embryos.
Fractional Flow Reserve/ Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Discordance in Angiographically Intermediate Coronary Stenoses An Analysis Using Doppler-Derived Coronary Flow Measurements

OBJECTIVES The study sought to determine the coronary ﬂ ow characteristics of angiographically intermediate stenoses classi ﬁ ed as discordant by fractional ﬂ ow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR). BACKGROUND Discordance between FFR and iFR occurs in up to 20% of cases. No comparisons have been reported between the coronary ﬂ ow characteristics of FFR/iFR discordant and angiographically unobstructed vessels. METHODS