Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reducing memory latency using a small software driven array cache

From the programming viewpoint, data references can be classified into two types: array reference and non-array references. Array references have relatively strong spatial locality while non-array references have relatively strong temporal locality. However, in current data cache designs, the hardware cannot distinguish between these two types of references. Both types of data are stored in the same cache space and all cache control mechanisms such as prefetching are applied to array references as well as to non-array references. As a result, data cache performance is often not satisfactory. The large working set of array references with weak temporal locality interferes with the small working set of non-array references with strong temporal locality and replaces them away from cache. Applying hardware driven data prefetching scheme to array references might improve cache performance. However, when the same scheme is applied to non-array references, cache performance might be lost due to serious cache pollution. To solve all these problems, this paper proposes a new software driven cache design, called the array cache. The main idea is to use a separate cache space to store and handle array references with constant strides that are prefetched accurately with the help of the compiler and with extremely low runtime overhead. <<ETX>>
School climate and school culture: A framework for creating school as a safe and stimulating environment for learning and development

School, as an educational institution, represents an important context for the development of children and young people. It is therefore necessary to shape it as a safe and stimulating environment for student learning and development. This paper offers a definition of the concept of school as a safe and stimulating environment for student learning and development, based on a review of academic and scholarly papers from a variety of disciplines and areas of practice. The content and meaning of the concept of school safety have been considered from the physical and psychological aspects, while the concept of school as a stimulating learning environment has been specified in terms of four dimensions - the physical, psychological, social and cognitive school environment. It is pointed out that these concepts and the phenomena they denote tend to be interpreted and analysed as the components or dimensions of broader concepts, namely, school climate and school culture. One section of the paper is therefore devoted to explaining these concepts, as well as considering their interrelationship and the importance of creating a positive and stimulating school climate and culture for institutional practice. The conclusion further emphasises that creating school as a safe and stimulating environment for student learning and development, as well as creating positive and supportive school climate and culture, is an extremely complex process that entails changes in the content and structure of the school institution as a whole. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 179060: Modeli procenjivanja i strategije unapređivanja kvaliteta obrazovanja u Srbiji and Grant no. 179017: Socijalna participacija osoba sa intelektualnom ometenoscu]
Bicultural Identity Conflict in Second-Generation Asian Canadians

Researchers have shown that bicultural individuals, including 2nd-generation immigrants, face a potential conflict between 2 cultural identities. The present authors extended this primarily qualitative research on the bicultural experience by adopting the social identity perspective (H. Tajfel & J. C. Turner, 1986). They developed and tested an empirically testable model of the role of cultural construals, in-group prototypicality, and identity in bicultural conflict in 2 studies with 2nd-generation Asian Canadians. In both studies, the authors expected and found that participants' construals of their 2 cultures as different predicted lower levels of simultaneous identification with both cultures. Furthermore, the authors found this relation was mediated by participants' feelings of prototypicality as members of both groups. Although the perception of cultural difference did not predict well-being as consistently and directly as the authors expected, levels of simultaneous identification did show these relations. The authors discuss results in the context of social identity theory (H. Tajfel & J. C. Turner) as a framework for understanding bicultural conflict.
CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION BASED ON BEHAVIOR MINING

NIMISHA PHILIP, SHERLY K.K Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Toc H Institute of Science & Technology email:nimishavellapally@gmail.com Department of Information Technology, Toc H Institute of Science & Technology, Ernakulam, Kerala, India shrly_shilu@yahoo.com Abstract — Globalization and increased use of the Internet for online shopping has resulted in a considerable proliferation of credit card transactions throughout the world.Higher acceptability and convenience of credit cards for purchases has not only given personal comfort to customers but also attracted a large number of attackers. As a result, credit card payment systems must be supported by efficient fraud detection capability for minimizing unwanted activities by adversaries. Most of the well known algorithms for fraud detection are based on supervised training Every cardholder has a certain shopping behavior, which establishes an activity profile for him. Existing FDS try to capture behavioral patterns as rules which are static . This becomes ineffective when cardholder develops new patterns of behavior Here, we propose a unsupervised method to dynamically profile behavior pattern of customer Then the incoming transactions are compared against the user profile to indicate the anomalies, based on which the corresponding warnings are outputted. A FP tree based pattern matching algorithm is used to evaluate how unusual the new transactions are.
Differing Burden and Epidemiology of Non-Typhi Salmonella Bacteremia in Rural and Urban Kenya, 2006–2009

Background The epidemiology of non-Typhi Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia in Africa will likely evolve as potential co-factors, such as HIV, malaria, and urbanization, also change. Methods As part of population-based surveillance among 55,000 persons in malaria-endemic, rural and malaria-nonendemic, urban Kenya from 2006–2009, blood cultures were obtained from patients presenting to referral clinics with fever ≥38.0°C or severe acute respiratory infection. Incidence rates were adjusted based on persons with compatible illnesses, but whose blood was not cultured. Results NTS accounted for 60/155 (39%) of blood culture isolates in the rural and 7/230 (3%) in the urban sites. The adjusted incidence in the rural site was 568/100,000 person-years, and the urban site was 51/100,000 person-years. In both sites, the incidence was highest in children <5 years old. The NTS-to-typhoid bacteremia ratio in the rural site was 4.6 and in the urban site was 0.05. S. Typhimurium represented >85% of blood NTS isolates in both sites, but only 21% (urban) and 64% (rural) of stool NTS isolates. Overall, 76% of S. Typhimurium blood isolates were multi-drug resistant, most of which had an identical profile in Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis. In the rural site, the incidence of NTS bacteremia increased during the study period, concomitant with rising malaria prevalence (monthly correlation of malaria positive blood smears and NTS bacteremia cases, Spearman's correlation, p = 0.018 for children, p = 0.16 adults). In the rural site, 80% of adults with NTS bacteremia were HIV-infected. Six of 7 deaths within 90 days of NTS bacteremia had HIV/AIDS as the primary cause of death assigned on verbal autopsy. Conclusions NTS caused the majority of bacteremias in rural Kenya, but typhoid predominated in urban Kenya, which most likely reflects differences in malaria endemicity. Control measures for malaria, as well as HIV, will likely decrease the burden of NTS bacteremia in Africa.
A Glance of Dual-Class Companies in the U.S

Recently, the topic of dual-class companies has been popular with the media, academia, and professionals. A dual-class company is a type of company that issues two classes of common stocks. One is a publicly traded inferior stock with one voting right per share, and the other is a non-publicly traded superior stock with multiple voting rights per share. Therefore, in a dualclass firm, shareholders of superior stocks have more voting power than cash flow power. A dual-class company has a stock structure that allows shareholders of superior stocks to have disproportionally higher voting power than the financial risk. As a result, firm insiders such as board members and executives maintain the decision-making power in the company.
Caregiver Perception and the Role of Seasonality in Under-five Childhood Diarrhea Incidence in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia

vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Research Motivation . 1 1.2 Research Questions and Objectives . 4 CHAPTER 2: COUNTRY OVERVIEW. 7 2.1 Cambodia: Climate, Geography and Country Structure . 7 2.2 Peace Corps Service and Study Site . 10 CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW . 13 3.1 General Classification of Dehydration and Diarrhea . 13 3.2 Causes and Treatments of Diarrhea . 15 3.3 Weather Factors and Incidence of Diarrhea . 17 3.3.1 Rainfall and Diarrheal Disease . 18 3.3.2 Temperature and Diarrheal Disease . 21 3.3.3 Rainfall, Temperature and Diarrhea in Cambodia . 25 3.4 Risk Factors for Diarrhea and Caregiver Perception . 26 3.4.1 Sanitation, Hygiene and Diarrhea . 27 3.4.2 Caregiver Perception of Diarrhea and Care-Seeking Behavior . 30 3.4. 3 Effects of Socioeconomic Factors: Education and Age . 33 3.4. 4 Sanitation, Hygiene and Caregiver Perception in Cambodia . 34 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH METHODS . 37 4.1 Analysis of Weather Factors and Diarrhea Incidence . 37 4.1.1 Data Source and Collection . 38 4.1.2 Data Analysis: Weather Factors and Under-five Diarrhea . 39 4.2 Research Methods: Surveys, Interviews and Household Observation . 40 4.2.1 Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria . 41 4.2.2 Counterpart Involvement . 42 4.2. 3 Sampling Method . 42 4.2. 4 Risk and Informed Consent . 44 4.2. 5 Administration of Research Tools . 45 4.2. 6 Data Analysis: Research Tools . 49
On Perfection Relations in Lattices

Let $\Lb$ be a lattice in a Euclidean space $E$, with kissing number $s$ and perfection rank $r$, that is, the rank in $\End^{\text{sym}}(E)$ of the set of orthogonal projections to minimal vectors of $\Lb$. This defines a space of \emph{perfection relations}, of dimension $s-r$. We focus on ``short relations'', in connection with the index theory, previously developed by Watson, Ry\v{s}kov, Zahareva and the second author in [W], [R], [Z] and [M1].
A method in CMOS analog circuit optimization by genetic algorithm

A new method based on adaptive GA (genetic algorithm) and manual experience for sizing and optimizing the CMOS analog circuits is presented in this paper. In the method the simulation tool is called to produce the fitness of every circuit in a population. According to the evaluation of the fitness we can choose the better circuits. By adjusting the sizes of the transistor through GA and restricting the searching space depending on manual experience we make up the next generation for the evolution. Our goal is to find the circuit which can satisfy our specification. The results of the simulation for a two-stage operational amplifier show that this is an accurate and novel way in CMOS analog circuits design.
On the Network Effect in the Stock Market, The N^3/2 Power Law, and Optimal Volatility Equilibrium

This working paper is an excerpt on the recent finding of the network effect in the stock market. Specifically I summarize the three-half power law which states that the total value of the stock market is proportional to the three-half power of the number of stocks in the market. This power law is based on several intuitive assumptions on a many-body stochastic system, which will be described in this paper. The hypothesis of the optimal volatility equilibrium is introduced as a pillar leading to the power law, which states that such system must adjust itself around a level of optimal volatility in order to survive as a viable market. The connections to Fernholz's diversity index and Clark's lognormal subordinated process are discussed. This hypothesis also indicates that investing in a large market doesn't guarantee the benefit of diversification as prescribed in modern portfolio theory. The tail risk is omnipresent in the financial market.
The correlation between the distribution of the NK1 receptor and the actions of tachykinin agonists in the dorsal horn of the rat indicates that substance P does not have a functional role on substantia gelatinosa (lamina II) neurons

The presence of substance P in primary afferents that terminate in the outer laminae of the spinal cord has led to considerable interest in the function of this neuropeptide in nociception. We have examined the actions of tachykinin agonists on the membrane potential of neurons in lamina II of a neonatal spinal cord slice preparation in vitro. Only 10.5% (n = 75) of these neurons showed any response to the application of a selective NK1 receptor agonist while 48.3% (n = 60) of neurons in deeper dorsal horn laminae responded to this agonist. Lamina II neurons were equally insensitive to selective NK2 and NK3 agonists. Synaptic potentials evoked in lamina II neurons by peripheral nerve stimulation were similarly not altered by the NK1 agonist. Immunocytochemical studies using an antibody raised against the C-terminal of the NK1 receptor revealed that very few lamina II neurons express NK1 receptors, and this offers an explanation for our findings.
A Survey on Detection and Prevention Techniques for Gray-Hole Attack in MANET

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad hoc network. It is a self-managed network of mobile routers connected by wireless links with no access point. Every mobile device or node in a network is independently controlled in autonomous mode. The mobile devices are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily. The wireless ad-hoc network is particularly vulnerable due to it’s open medium nature, dynamic changes in network topology, co-operative algorithms, lack of centralized monitoring point and lack of a clear line of defense. In this paper we will discuss about the gray hole attack which disrupt the various network parameters used to check the performance, it’s detection and prevention techniques. Keywords— MANET, Gray hole, Gray hole attack detection and prevention techniques, Mobile Adhoc Network, Security attacks, Routing protocols.
The Multiple Dimensions of Action-Oriented RoboticPerception : Fission , Fusion

Action-oriented perception provides an alternative to traditional high-level image understanding for the roboticist. By channeling sensory perception directly to motor behaviors (sensor s-sion) without mediating global representations rapid response is ensured. Forcing sensor fusion to be conducted within the context of motor needs reduces computational demand and enhances parallelism. Utilizing the correct visual algorithm to support motor action at the correct time (temporal coordination or sensor fashion) provides robust performance over wide ranges of activity. In this paper we describe the philosophy of action-oriented perception for the roboti-cist and discuss the diierent dimensions in which it may be eeectively used.
A comparison of the home learning environment of families at risk of socio-economic disadvantage to national norms in Ireland

The present study investigated the home learning environment of three to five-year-old children (n = 429) living in an area designated as socio-economically disadvantaged, involved in the Area Based Childhood (ABC) programme, compared to a nationally representative sample of three-year-old children (n = 9793), from the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) Study. Statistical analysis of the frequency of engagement in home learning activities across both samples, revealed a significant difference in the environments to which children are exposed, with families from the GUI sample engaging more frequently in these activities than families from the ABC sample. Among the family demographic factors investigated, parent's age and household type were significantly related to the frequency of engagement in home learning activities. Based on these findings, policy and practice implications are discussed.
A Classical Chinese Corpus with Nested Part-of-Speech Tags

We introduce a corpus of classical Chinese poems that has been word segmented and tagged with parts-of-speech (POS). Due to the ill-defined concept of a 'word' in Chinese, previous Chinese corpora suffer from a lack of standardization in word segmentation, resulting in inconsistencies in POS tags, therefore hindering interoperability among corpora. We address this problem with nested POS tags, which accommodates different theories of wordhood and facilitates research objectives requiring annotations of the 'word' at different levels of granularity.
Modeling and Control of a Manufacturing Flow Line Using Partial Differential Equations

This brief deals with a control framework for manufacturing flow lines. For this framework, a continuous approximation model of the manufacturing system is required, which is computationally feasible and able to accurately describe the dynamics of the system (both throughput and flow time). Often used models, such as discrete-event models and flow models, fail to meet these specifications: the use of discrete-event models may lead to intractably large control problems, while flow models do not accurately describe the system dynamics. Therefore, we consider here a relatively new class of models for the description of manufacturing flow lines, namely partial differential equation (PDE)-models, which seems to meet the required specifications. However, for the few ldquomanufacturingrdquo PDE-models that have been introduced in literature so far, the accuracy has not been validated yet. In this brief, we, therefore, present a validation study on three of these PDE-models available from literature, which shows that there is a need for more accurate PDE-models. Furthermore, we propose to use one of these PDE-models for the design of a model predictive controller (MPC-controller), which is to be applied in closed loop with a discrete-event manufacturing flow line. For two considered tracking problems, the resulting MPC-controller is shown to outperform a classical push strategy.
VERSIONWEB : A TOOL FOR HELPING WEB PAGES VERSION CONTROL

In the continually changing world of computing, the Web is an example of an environment where information evolves very rapidly. In addition to Web information that changes very much and very frequently, Webmasters are faced with hard work when many people are involved in the parallel development of a set of related Web pages. In the face of such problems, a software tool, VersionWeb, was developed. The idea behind this tool is to make Web page version control available during browsing to users. The main goal of VersionWeb is to provide the Webmasters with an easy way of controlling Web page versions, through the Web itself.
Non-linear multi-point flux approximation in the near-well region

We consider non-linear multi-point flux approximations (MPFA) scheme for flow simulations in a model of anisotropic porous medium that includes wells. The hydraulic head varies logarithmically and its gradient changes rapidly in the well vicinity. Due to this strong non-linearity of the near-well flow, use of the MPFA scheme in the near well region results in a completely wrong total well flux and an inaccurate hydraulic head distribution. In this article we propose correction of the MPFA scheme. The outcome is a scheme that is second-order accurate even in the well vicinity for anisotropic medium. Solution obtained with this scheme respects minimum and maximum principle, and also, it is non-oscillating.
Instantaneous forwarding capacity under the SINR threshold interference model

Spatial reuse is a key aspect of wireless network design, and the choice of an appropriate interference model is important for capturing the intrinsic characteristics of such a network. We address the problem of finding optimal transmission modes, and their capacities, in a network consisting of nodes distributed as a spatial Poisson process in an infinite plane, i.e., such combinations of transmitting links that maximize the instantaneous forwarding capacity of the network. A stochastic optimization method called simulated annealing is used to obtain the results. The approach is applied to a SINR threshold interference model that treats the sum of all the other simultaneously transmitted signals as noise. We find out how the maximum capacity behaves for different network densities, signal attenuation coefficients, and thresholds for the required SINR. These numerical results shed light on the spatial reuse problem in wireless multihop networks. We further characterize the asymptotic behavior of the sum capacity of the optimal combination of transmitting links and the fraction of transmitting nodes in the low and high interference regimes.
The Role of Anticipated Future Interaction, Self-Disclosure, and Perceived Success in Internet Dating

This study investigates self-disclosure in the novel context of online dating relationships. Using a national random sample of Match.com members (N = 349), the authors tested a model of relational goals, self-disclosure, and perceived success in online dating. The authors’findings provide support for social penetration theory and the social information processing and hyperpersonal perspectives as well as highlight the positive effect of anticipated future face-to-face interaction on online self-disclosure. The authors find that perceived online dating success is predicted by four dimensions of self-disclosure (honesty, amount, intent, and valence), although honesty has a negative effect. Furthermore, online dating experience is a strong predictor of perceived success in online dating. Additionally, the authors identify predictors of strategic success versus self-presentation success. This research extends existing theory on computer-mediated communication, selfdisclosure, and relational success to the increasingly important arena of mixed-mode relationships, in which participants move from mediated to face-to-face communication.
Nuclear Force from String Theory

We compute nuclear force in a holographic model of QCD on the basis of a D4-D8 brane configuration in type IIA string theory. Repulsive core of nucleons is quite important in nuclear physics, but its origin has not been well-understood in strongly-coupled QCD. We find that string theory via gauge/string duality deduces this repulsive core at short distance between nucleons. Since baryons in the model are realized as solitons given by Yang-Mills instanton configuration on flavor D8-branes, ADHM construction of two instantons probes well the nucleon interaction at short scale, which provides the nuclear force quantitatively. We obtain, as well as a tensor force, a central force which is strongly repulsive as suggested in experiments and lattice results. In particular, the nucleon-nucleon potential V(r) (as a function of the distance) scales as 1/r^2, which is peculiar to the holographic model. We compare our results with one-boson exchange model using the nucleon-nucleon-meson coupling obtained in our previous paper (arXiv:0806.3122).