Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ characterization of CD4+ T cell behavior in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues during the induction of oral priming and tolerance

The behavior of antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes during initial exposure to antigen probably influences their decision to become primed or tolerized, but this has not been examined directly in vivo. We have therefore tracked such cells in real time, in situ during the induction of oral priming versus oral tolerance. There were marked contrasts with respect to rate and type of movement and clustering between naive T cells and those exposed to antigen in immunogenic or tolerogenic forms. However, the major difference when comparing tolerized and primed T cells was that the latter formed larger and longer-lived clusters within mucosal and peripheral lymph nodes. This is the first comparison of the behavior of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in situ in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues during the induction of priming versus tolerance in a physiologically relevant model in vivo.
Estimating the hemodynamic influence of variable main body-to-iliac limb length ratios in aortic endografts.

BACKGROUND We conducted a computational study to assess the hemodynamic impact of variant main body-to-iliac limb length (L1/L2) ratios on certain hemodynamic parameters acting on the endograft (EG) either on the normal bifurcated (Bif) or the cross-limb (Cx) fashion. METHODS A customary bifurcated 3D model was computationally created and meshed using the commercially available ANSYS ICEM (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) software. The total length of the EG, was kept constant, while the L1/L2 ratio ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 in the Bif and Cx reconstructed EG models. The compliance of the graft was modeled using a Fluid Structure Interaction method. Important hemodynamic parameters such as pressure drop along EG, wall shear stress (WSS) and helicity were calculated. RESULTS The greatest pressure decrease across EG was calculated in the peak systolic phase. With increasing L1/L2 it was found that the Pressure Drop was increasing for the Cx configuration, while decreasing for the Bif. The greatest helicity (4.1 m/s2) was seen in peak systole of Cx with ratio of 1.5 whereas its greatest value (2 m/s2) was met in peak systole in the Bif with the shortest L1/L2 ratio (0.3). Similarly, the maximum WSS value was highest (2.74Pa) in the peak systole for the 1.5 L1/L2 of the Cx configuration, while the maximum WSS value equaled 2 Pa for all length ratios of the Bif modification (with the WSS found for L1/L2=0.3 being marginally higher). There was greater discrepancy in the WSS values for all L1/L2 ratios of the Cx bifurcation compared to Bif. CONCLUSIONS Different L1/L2 rations are shown to have an impact on the pressure distribution along the entire EG while the length ratio predisposing to highest helicity or WSS values is also determined by the iliac limbs pattern of the EG. Since current custom-made EG solutions can reproduce variability in main-body/iliac limbs length ratios, further computational as well as clinical research is warranted to delineate and predict the hemodynamic and clinical effect of variable length ratios.
Molecular Characterization of the SUMO-1 Modification of RanGAP1 and Its Role in Nuclear Envelope Association

The mammalian guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase-activating protein RanGAP1 is the first example of a protein covalently linked to the ubiquitin-related protein SUMO-1. Here we used peptide mapping, mass spectroscopy analysis, and mutagenesis to identify the nature of the link between RanGAP1 and SUMO-1. SUMO-1 is linked to RanGAP1 via glycine 97, indicating that the last 4 amino acids of this 101– amino acid protein are proteolytically removed before its attachment to RanGAP1. Recombinant SUMO-1 lacking the last four amino acids is efficiently used for modification of RanGAP1 in vitro and of multiple unknown proteins in vivo. In contrast to most ubiquitinated proteins, only a single lysine residue (K526) in RanGAP1 can serve as the acceptor site for modification by SUMO-1. Modification of RanGAP1 with SUMO-1 leads to association of RanGAP1 with the nuclear envelope (NE), where it was previously shown to be required for nuclear protein import. Sufficient information for modification and targeting resides in a 25-kD domain of RanGAP1. RanGAP1–SUMO-1 remains stably associated with the NE during many cycles of in vitro import. This indicates that removal of RanGAP1 from the NE is not a required element of nuclear protein import and suggests that the reversible modification of RanGAP1 may have a regulatory role.
The qTSN4 Effect on Flag Leaf Size, Photosynthesis and Panicle Size, Benefits to Plant Grain Production in Rice, Depending on Light Availability

Increasing rice yield potential is essential to secure world food supply. The quantitative trait locus qTSN4 was reported to achieve yield increases by enhancing both source and sink capacity. Three greenhouse experiments and one field experiment in the Philippines were conducted to study near-isogenic lines (NILs) in two genetic backgrounds, subjected to treatments with restricted light resources through shading (greenhouse) or population density (field and greenhouse). A consistent promotion of flag leaf width, leaf area and panicle size in terms of spikelet number was observed in the presence of qTSN4, regardless of environment. However, grain production per plant was enhanced only in one greenhouse experiment. An in-depth study demonstrated that increased flag leaf size in the presence of qTSN4 was associated with increased photosynthetic rates, along with lower SLA and greater N content per leaf weight and per area. This was emphasized under low light situation as the qTSN4-NILs did not express shade acclimation traits in contrast with the recipient varieties. The authors conclude that qTSN4 is a promising subject for further physiological studies, particularly under limited radiation. However, the QTL alone may not be a reliable source of increased yield potential because its effects at the plant and population scale are prone to genotype × environment interactions and the increased panicle size is compensated by the adaptive plasticity of other morphological traits.
Optimal Design of a Half-Wave Cockcroft–Walton Voltage Multiplier With Minimum Total Capacitance

Even though the half-wave Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier (H-W C-W VM) is one of the most common ac-dc step-up topologies, VM designers tend to use equal capacitances in every stage, a fact that leads to a nonoptimal design. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new design method of H-W C-W VM that lays on the calculation of the optimal number of stages, which is necessary to produce the desired output voltage with the minimum total capacitance value. For this purpose, an adequate choice of the capacitance values per stage is considered, leading to the investigation of four different cases. The theoretical analysis is validated by PSPICE simulations and experimental results, accomplished on laboratory prototypes.
Spoofing countermeasure based on analysis of linear prediction error

In this paper a novel speaker verification spoofing countermeasure based on analysis of linear prediction error is presented. The method analyses the energy of the prediction error, prediction gain and temporal parameters related to the prediction error signal. The idea of the proposed algorithm and its implementation is described in detail. Various binary classifiers were researched to separate human and spoof classes. When tested on the corpora provided for the ASVspoof 2015 Challenge, the proposed countermeasure yielded much better results than the baseline spoofing detector based on local binary patterns (LBP). It is hoped that the proposed method can help in developing a generalised countermeasure able to detect spoofing attacks based on different variants of speech synthesis, voice conversion, and, potentially, also other spoofing algorithms. Index Terms: speaker verification, spoofing, linear prediction, local binary patterns, binary classification
On type systems for object-oriented database programming languages

The concept of an object-oriented database programming language (OODBPL) is appealing because it has the potential of combining the advantages of object orientation and database programming to yield a powerful and universal programming language design. A uniform and consistent combination of object orientation and database programming, however, is not straightforward. Since one of the main components of an object-oriented programming language is its type system, one of the first problems that arises during an OODBPL design is related to the development of a uniform, consistent, and theoretically sound type system that is sufficiently expressive to satisfy the combined needs of object orientation and database programming.The purpose of this article is to answer two questions: "What are the requirements that a modern type system for an object-oriented database programming language should satisfy? " and "Are there any type systems developed to-date that satisfy these requirements? ". In order to answer the first question, we compile the set of requirements that an OODBPL type system should satisfy. We then use this set of requirements to evaluate more than 30 existing type systems. The result of this extensive analysis shows that while each of the requirements is satisfied by at least one type system, no type system satisfies all of them. It also enables identification of the mechanisms that lie behind the strengths and weaknesses of the current type systems.
Intranuclear location of the adenovirus type 5 E1B 55-kilodalton protein

The intracellular location of the adenovirus type 5 E1B 55-kilodalton (kDa) protein, particularly the question of whether it is associated with nuclear pore complexes, was examined. Fractionation of adenovirus type 5-infected HeLa cell nuclei by an established procedure (N. Dwyer and G. Blobel, J. Cell. Biol. 70:581-591, 1976) yielded one population of E1B 55-kDa protein molecules released by digestion of nuclei with RNase A and a second population recovered in the pore complex-lamina fraction. Free and E1B 55-kDa protein-bound forms of the E4 34-kDa protein (P. Sarnow, C. A. Sullivan, and A. J. Levine, Virology 120:387-394, 1982) were largely recovered in the pore complex-lamina fraction. Nevertheless, the association of E1B 55-kDa protein molecules with this nuclear envelope fraction did not depend on interaction of the E1B 55-kDa protein with the E4 34-kDa protein. Comparison of the immunofluorescence patterns observed with antibodies recognizing the E1B 55-kDa protein or cellular pore complex proteins and of the behavior of these viral and cellular proteins during in situ fractionation suggests that the E1B 55-kDa protein does not become intimately or stably associated with pore complexes in adenovirus-infected cells.
A possibilistic approach to intrusion detection under imperfect logging protocol

One of the challenges of intrusion detectors is their ability to function properly in an imperfect and uncertain environment. In an imperfect environment, observed events do not always correspond to real events, and real events may stay unobserved. In uncertain environment, the lack of information leads to uncertainty about observed and unobserved events. In this paper, we present a new intrusion detection approach called PIDS (Possibilistic Intrusion Detection System) that can deal both with imperfection---using a model of the logging mechanism called the logging protocol---and uncertainty---using hypothesis about that logging protocol expressed in possibilistic logic. We present a prototype implementation of this new approach along with some preliminary experiments that analyze PIDS behavior when dealing with imperfection.
Learning Planning Operators by Observation and Practice

The work described in this paper addresses learning planning operators by observing expert agents and subsequent knowledge refinement in a learning-by-doing paradigm. The observations of the expert agent consist of: 1) the sequence of actions being executed, 2) the state in which each action is executed, and 3) the state resulting from the execution of each action. Planning operators are learned from these observation sequences in an incremental fashion utilizing a conservative specific-to-general inductive generalization process. In order to refine the new operators to make them correct and complete, the system uses the new operators to solve practice problems, analyzing and learning from the execution traces of the resulting solutions or execution failures. We describe techniques for planning and plan repair with incorrect and incomplete domain knowledge, and for operator refinement through a process which integrates planning, execution, and plan repair. Our learning method is implemented on top of the PRODIGY architecture(Carbonell, Knoblock, & Minton 1990; Carbonell et al. 1992) and is demonstrated in the extended-strips domain(Minton 1988) and a subset the process planning domain(Gil 1991).
ICU Acuity: Real-time Models versus Daily Models

OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility of real-time mortality risk assessment for ICU patients. DESIGN/METHODS This study used retrospective analysis of mixed medical/surgical intensive care patients in a university hospital. Logistic regression was applied to 7048 development patients with several hundred candidate variables. Final models were selected by backward elimination on top cross-validated variables and validated on 3018 separate patients. RESULTS The real-time model demonstrated strong discrimination ability (Day 3 AUC=0.878). All models had circumstances where calibration was poor (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test p < 0.1). The final models included variables known to be associated with mortality, but also more computationally intensive variables absent in other severity scores. CONCLUSION Real-time mortality prediction offers similar discrimination ability to daily models. Moreover, the discrimination of our real-time model performed favorably to a customized SAPS II (Day 3 AUC=0.878 vs AUC=0.849, p < 0.05) but generally had worse calibration.
Figured Bass and Tonality Recognition

In the course of the WedelMusic project [15], we are currently implementing retrieval engines based on musical content automatically extracted from a musical score. By musical content, we mean not only main melodic motives, but also harmony, or tonality. In this paper, we first review previous research in the domain of harmonic analysis of tonal music. We then present a method for automated harmonic analysis of a music score based on the extraction of a figured bass. The figured bass is determined by means of a template-matching algorithm, where templates for chords can be entirely and easily redefined by the end-user. We also address the problem of tonality recognition with a simple algorithm based on the figured bass. Limitations of the method are discussed. Results are shown and compared to previous research. Finally, potential uses for Music Information Retrieval are discussed.
Friend lymphatic leukemia virus‐induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia with glomerulpnephritis in the rat

WKA/Mk rats injected with Friend lymphatic leukemia virus at birth developed a runt ing syndrome which was associated with a high incidence of hemolytic anemia. The anemia was characterized by the presence of incomplete anti‐erythrocyte autoantibodies detected by the direct antiglobulin test and the indirect enzyme‐augmented hemagglutination assay, and, in some cases, was followed by glomerulonephritis. This system in the rat may represent a new model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in man.
Methodology for teaching introductory computer science

In the last few years it has been generally recognized that teaching programming involves more than describing a new FORTRAN statement each day and providing programming problems to be coded. The concepts of disciplined programming and the accompanying interest in the problem solving process, coupled with the increasing economic desirability of constructing correct and maintainable software has resulted in significant attention being focused on what should be taught, and, to a lesser extent, on how this is best accomplished. In order to discuss how an introductory programming course is taught, it is essential to first establish a set of objectives for such a course. Some of these objectives are obvious and generally agreed upon, others are engendered by the academic environment in which this particular course exists. We first state the objectives and then comment on their appropriateness and interrelation.
Needs assessment, priority setting, and contracts for health care: an economic view.

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A Constructive Solution to the Juggling Problem in Systolic Array Synthesis

Alain Darte, Robert Schreiber, B. Ramakrishna Rau, Frederic Vivien Compiler and Architecture Research HP Laboratories Palo Alto HPL-2000-30 February, 2000 systolic array synthesis, affine scheduling We describe a new, practical, constructive method for solving the well-known conflictfree scheduling systolic for the locally -sequential, globally parallel (LSGP) case of processor array synthesis. Previous solutions have an important practical disadvantage. Here we provide a closed form solution that enables the enumeration of all conflictfree schedules. The- second part of the paper discusses reduction of the cost of hardware whose function is to control the flow of data, enable or disable functional units, and generate memory addresses. We present a new technique for controlling the complexity of these housekeeping functions in a processor array. 
On the learnability of Boolean formulae

We study the computational feasibility of learning boolean expressions from examples. Our goals are to prove results and develop general techniques that shed light on the boundary between the classes of expressions that are learnable in polynomial time and those that are apparently not. The elucidation of this boundary, for boolean expressions and possibly other knowledge representations, is an example of the potential contribution of complexity theory to artificial intelligence. We employ the distribution-free model of learning introduced in /lo]. A more complete discussion and justification of this model can be found in [4,10,11,12]. [4] includes some discussion that is relevant more particularly to infinite representations, such as geometric ones, rather than the finite case of boolean functions. For other recent related work see [1,2,7,&g]. The results of this paper fall into three categories: closure properties of learnable classes, negative results, and distribution-specific positive results. The closure properties are of two kinds. In section 3 we discuss closure under boolean operations on the members of the learnable classes. The assumption that the classes are learnable from positive or negative ex-
Performance analysis of the DVB-H system in the presence of carrier frequency offset and nonlinear distortion under multipath fading channel

As an effective technique for combating multipath fading and for high-bit-rate transmission over wireless channels, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively used in modern digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) systems, such as the OFDM based Digital Video Broadcasting for Handheld (DVB-H) system, to support high performance bandwidth-efficient multimedia services. OFDM based DVB-H system is very sensitive to the nonlinear distortion at the transmitter and the carrier frequency offset at the receiver. The objective of this paper is to research and analyze the performance of the OFDM based DVB-H system in the presence of carrier frequency offset and nonlinear distortion under multipath fading channel. A closed form of symbol error probability is derived for the OFDM based DVB-H system in the presence of carrier frequency offset and nonlinear distortion under multipath fading channel. Theoretical results show closely matching with those obtained by simulations for the OFDM based DVB-H system in the presence of carrier frequency offset and nonlinear distortion under multipath fading channel.
A Meta‐Synthesis of Filicide Classification Systems: Psychosocial and Psychodynamic Issues in Women Who Kill Their Children

&NA; Fuicide is the killing of a chi by a parent. To protect potential homicide victims, it is necessary to examine and identify intrapsychic and interpersonal dynamics that result in filicide. The current filicide chsifiation systems have intended to yield better etiological understanding of the crime and ultimately lead to prevention strategies and accurate death certification. A framework of motives and precipitating factors that lead to filicide by mothers offers a starting point to examine this emotionally evocative and complex phenomenon.