Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Gastric Cancer: Current Advances of Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment

Endoscopy is a major method for early gastric cancer screening because of its high detection rate, but its diagnostic accuracy depends heavily on the availability of endoscopic instruments. Many novel endoscopic techniques have been shown to increase the diagnostic yield of early gastric cancer. With the improved detection rate of EGC, the endoscopic treatment has become widespread due to advances in the instruments available and endoscopist's experience. The aim of this review is to summarize frequently-used endoscopic diagnosis and treatment in early gastric cancer (EGC).
Sharpness Enhancement Algorithm through Edge Information

Goal of proposed algorithm is to enhance images like the digital camera photos or, better. Some enhancement filters process too excessive that makes image look unnatural. The paper proposes an algorithm to represent obviously the detailed textures and sharpen the overall image based on perceptual approach. Then the sharpened images are merged by the edge information of original image. The experimental results show that the detailed textures can be easily observed. The whole image looks not only more sharp but also natural after applying our algorithm.
Heart Rate Variability Reflects the Natural History of Physiological Development in Healthy Children and Is Not Associated with Quality of Life

Background Quality of life (QoL), being the sum expression of diverse influencing factors, is not easy to determine. A clinically relevant option would be to identify and measure quality of life on the basis of physiological parameters which correlate plausibly and statistically with psychometrically measured QoL. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) offers readily measurable physiological parameters which could be of use here. A correlation of HRV with both course of disease and QoL has been reported in patients with chronic illness. Various psychometric instruments have been developed for use in paediatric oncology. The aim of this study was to obtain data on HRV and QoL and their correlations, initially in healthy children. Methods Holter ECG and quality of life were examined in 160 children and adolescents (72 male) aged between 8 and 18 years. QoL was determined with the established questionnaire PEDQoL. Standard parameters of HRV from the frequency domain were calculated and correlated with QoL domains using Spearman (nonparametric) correlation analysis. Results Minor but significant associations were revealed only with regard to the PEDQoL domain “autonomy” on the one hand and heart rate and HRV (e.g. MRR, MRRn, MRRd, HRV_ULF, SDNN) parameters which evidently reflect distinct physiological functions on the other. Conclusions In healthy children and adolescents we have a first indication that there is a correlation between parameters of HRV and QoL. However, to a greater extent, HRV reflects associated physiological processes of the autonomic nervous system. A higher correlation is more likely to be found in chronically ill children.
On the Security of Some Self-Healing Key Distribution Schemes

Self-healing key distribution schemes are particularly useful when there is no network infrastructure or such infrastructure has been destroyed. A self-healing mechanism can allow group users to recover lost session keys and is therefore quite suitable establishing group keys over an unreliable network where broadcast messages loss may occur frequently. Many self-healing key distribution schemes are proposed. Through security analysis,we found that three schemes are insecure.The three insecure self-healing key distribution schemes come from three different papers. We designed the corresponding attack methods.Our attack methods showed that the revoked users (or any users) can also get the session key. It violates the important security requirement of self-healing key distribution.
Suicide for the common good: a new strategy for credential revocation in self-organizing systems

We consider the problem of credential revocation in self-organizing systems. In the absence of a common trusted authority, reaching a decision is slow, expensive and prone to manipulation. We propose a radical, new strategy---suicide for the common good---which drastically simplifies the decision-making process and revocation orders. Our mechanism is fully decentralized, incurs low communication and storage overhead, enables fast removal of misbehaving nodes, and is ideally suited to highly mobile networks.
Ultralow-angle dynamic light scattering with a charge coupled device camera based multispeckle, multitau correlator

We use a charge coupled device (CCD) camera and a multi-tau software correlator to measure dynamic light scattering (DLS) at many angles simultaneously, from 0.07° to 5.1°. Real-time autocorrelation functions are calculated by averaging both over time and over CCD pixels, each corresponding to a different coherence area. In order to cover the wide spectrum of decay times associated with the large range of accessible angles, we adopt the multitau scheme, where the correlator channel spacing is quasilogarithmic rather than linear. A detailed analysis is presented of the effects of dark noise, stray light, and finite pixel area, and methods to correct the data for these effects are developed, making a CCD camera a viable alternative for a DLS detector. We test the apparatus on a dilute suspension of colloidal particles. Very good agreement is found between the particle radius derived from the CCD data, and that obtained with a conventional DLS setup.
Analysis Design and Implementation of Soft Single Switched Boost Converter

This paper proposes a better family of PWM soft single switched (SSS) Boost converter topology with low voltage and current stresses in switches. Soft switching condition is carried out through single switch. In most of the converter topologies under zero current condition (ZCS) only the switch is triggered to on mode and switch is made to off mode under zero voltage condition (ZVS). In a prototype model for soft turn on and turn off switch is applied to a boost(PWM) SSS converter, The operating principle of the converter topology is analyzed and its operating modes are studied . The experimental results of a prototype boost converter is compared with the theoretical analysis.
Ergonomics in agriculture: an approach in prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)

A review of articles was performed by categorizing the selected articles into four approaches – ergonomic design, ergonomics task analysis, educational and epidemiological concepts – in order to highlight the ergonomic problems in the agriculture industry. The articles were retrieved from four search engines “PubMed, Scopus, Metapren, and Ebsco” by using specified key words ‘ergonomics’, ‘agricultural workers’, and ‘awkward posture’. The results highlight that ergonomists are capable of providing a safer work environment for the agricultural workers in both developing and developed countries. In addition, the results show that it needs global cooperation of international organizations to enhance the occupational health intervention in agriculture. Furthermore, the efforts of ergonomists to develop a practical ergonomic task analysis for the interventions in agriculture seem significant, as is the necessity for hand tool designs based on ergonomic considerations. Based on the evaluation of articles and related experiences, a recommended model has been introduced to promote health for farmers. This model covers a participatory ergonomic approach to practical ergonomic changes.
RACIAL DISPROPORTION IN US PRISONS

contrast, America's second largest minority group, in 1991 constituted 9 per cent of the general population, 13 per cent of the prison population, 14 per cent of the jail population, and 8 per cent of the death row population. America's incarceration rates2 are seen by many as evidence of draconian criminal justice policies. The overrepresentation of black offenders is seen by many as evidence of racial bias. Both critiques have merit; the latter rests, however, in part on a misconception that racial disproportion in prisons is markedly worse in the United States than elsewhere. This appears not to be the case. Four findings stand out when incarceration rates are disaggregated by race in Australia, Canada, England and Wales, and the United States. First, the white American incarceration rate, compared with those in other English-speaking countries, is not as much higher as is generally believed. Secondly, patterns of differential incarceration by race in England and Wales (white and black), Australia (non Aboriginal and Aboriginal), and Canada (white and native) resemble American patterns. In all these countries, members of disadvantaged visible minority groups are seven to 16 times likelier than whites to be confined in correctional institutions. Thirdly, when the different racial compositions of national prison populations are taken into account, apparent differences in national rates of incarceration diminish. Table 1, shown later in this essay, presents disaggregated incarceration rates for blacks, whites, and others for America and for England and Wales. It invites intriguing comparisons. If, for example, America's 1990 general population were, like England and Wales's in 1991, 94.1 per cent white and 1.8 per cent black, America's jails and prisons in 1990 would have housed 759,632 black and white inmates (the actual black and white total was 1,133,820). This assumes that incarceration rates by race would be the same as in 1990 (see Table 1). The national incarceration rate (assuming the 1990 rate of 241 per 100,000 for the residual 4.1 per cent 'other') would fall from 474 per 100,000 to 315.
Evolution of Resistance to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum

ABSTRACT The development of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine by Plasmodium parasites is a major problem for the effective treatment of malaria, especially P. falciparum malaria. Although the molecular basis for parasite resistance is known, the factors promoting the development and transmission of these resistant parasites are less clear. This paper reports the results of a quantitative comparison of factors previously hypothesized as important for the development of drug resistance, drug dosage, time of treatment, and drug elimination half-life, with an in-host dynamics model of P. falciparum malaria in a malaria-naïve host. The results indicate that the development of drug resistance can be categorized into three stages. The first is the selection of existing parasites with genetic mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase or dihydropteroate synthetase gene. This selection is driven by the long half-life of the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination. The second stage involves the selection of parasites with allelic types of higher resistance within the host during an infection. The timing of treatment relative to initiation of a specific anti-P. falciparum EMP1 immune response is an important factor during this stage, as is the treatment dosage. During the third stage, clinical treatment failure becomes prevalent as the parasites develop sufficient resistance mutations to survive therapeutic doses of the drug combination. Therefore, the model output reaffirms the importance of correct treatment of confirmed malaria cases in slowing the development of parasite resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.
A New Supervised for Word Sense

The Naive Mix is a new supervised learning algorithm that is based on a sequential method for selecting probabilistic models. The usual objective of model selection is to find a single model that adequately characterizes the data in a training sample. However, during model selection a sequence of models is generated that consists of the best-fitting model at each level of model complexity. The Naive Mix utilizes this sequence of models to define a probabilistic model which is then used as a probabilistic classifier to perform word-sense disambiguation. The models in this sequence are restricted to the class of decomposable log-linear models. This class of models offers a number of computational advantages. Experiments disambiguating twelve different words show that a Naive Mix formulated with a forward sequential search and Akaike’s Information Criteria rivals established supervised learning algorithms such as decision trees (C4.5), rule induction (CN2) and nearest-neighbor classification (PEBLS).
Combining edge detection with speckle-tracking for cardiac strain assessment in 3D echocardiography

In this paper, we extend a computationally efficient framework for tracking of deformable subdivision surfaces in 3D echocardiography with speckle-tracking measurements to track material points. Tracking is performed in a sequential state-estimation fashion, using an extended Kalman filter to update a subdivision surface in a two-step process: Edge-detection is first performed to update the model for changes in shape and position, followed by a second update based on displacement vectors from speckle-tracking with 3D block-matching. The latter speckle-tracking update will only have to correct for residual deformations after edge-detection. This both leads to increased accuracy and computational efficiency compared to usage of speckle-tracking alone. Automatic tracking is demonstrated in a 3D echocardiography simulation of an infarcted ventricle. The combination of edge-detection and speckle-tracking consistently improved tracking accuracy (RMS 0.483, 0.433, 0.511 mm in X,Y,Z) compared to speckle-tracking alone (RMS 0.663, 0.439, 0.613 mm). It also improved the qualitative agreement for color-coded strain meshes to ground truth, and more clearly identified the infarcted region.
On analysis of harmonic distortion in op amps based circuits via Volterra series

This paper was inspired by an article entitled “An approach to model high-frequency distortion in negative-feedback amplifiers” by S. O. Cannizzaro, G. Palumbo, and S. Pennisi. The objective of this presentation is to point out that some results presented therein are not so novel as argued. First, we point out here that an idea of partition of a nonlinear circuit into interconnected smaller basic blocks, used in the above paper under a name of an analytical approach, is not new. For the first time, it has been used in the literature by S. Narayanan, pioneer of the Volterra series usage in calculations of nonlinear distortion in electronic circuits, and afterwards by many others. Second, we show that descriptions of the basic blocks mentioned above follow from their more general representations by the Volterra series, specialized for harmonic inputs. Third, we recall references in which the joint and complementary elements as well as some invariants occurring in modelling of op amp inverting and non-inverting configurations for the purpose of nonlinear distortion evaluation have been reported before publication of some similar results by S. O. Cannizzaro, G. Palumbo, and S. Pennisi. Finally, we show that an operator o that was introduced by the above authors in their paper leads to calculation errors. Alternative approach to this point is presented.
Adaptive Personalized Privacy in Participatory Sensing

The participatory sensing paradigm has interesting applications, e.g. electrosmog/air-pollution monitoring, carbon footprint estimation, etc., but raises serious privacy concerns. Existing static privacy-enabling approaches offer no privacy guarantees, while individual privacy requirements cannot be met. In this work, we propose an adaptive privacy protection scheme, in order to meet personalized locationprivacy protection requirements and experimentally prove its effectiveness against static privacy-protection schemes.
Patterns in Benthic Biodiversity Link Lake Trophic Status to Structure and Potential Function of Three Large, Deep Lakes

Relative to their scarcity, large, deep lakes support a large proportion of the world’s freshwater species. This biodiversity is threatened by human development and is in need of conservation. Direct comparison of biodiversity is the basis of biological monitoring for conservation but is difficult to conduct between large, insular ecosystems. The objective of our study was to conduct such a comparison of benthic biodiversity between three of the world’s largest lakes: Lake Tahoe, USA; Lake Hövsgöl, Mongolia; and Crater Lake, USA. We examined biodiversity of common benthic organism, the non-biting midges (Chironomidae) and determined lake trophic status using chironomid-based lake typology, tested whether community structure was similar between the three lakes despite geographic distance; and tested whether chironomid diversity would show significant variation within and between lakes. Typology analysis indicated that Lake Hövsgöl was ultra-oligotrophic, Crater Lake was oligotrophic, and Lake Tahoe was borderline oligotrophic/mesotrophic. These results were similar to traditional pelagic measures of lake trophic status for Lake Hövsgöl and Crater Lake but differed for Lake Tahoe, which has been designated as ultra-oligotrophic by traditional pelagic measures such as transparency found in the literature. Analysis of similarity showed that Lake Tahoe and Lake Hövsgöl chironomid communities were more similar to each other than either was to Crater Lake communities. Diversity varied between the three lakes and spatially within each lake. This research shows that chironomid communities from these large lakes were sensitive to trophic conditions. Chironomid communities were similar between the deep environments of Lake Hövsgöl and Lake Tahoe, indicating that chironomid communities from these lakes may be useful in comparing trophic state changes in large lakes. Spatial variation in Lake Tahoe’s diversity is indicative of differential response of chironomid communities to nutrient enrichment which may be an indication of changes in trophic state within and across habitats.
Validation of the scale on Satisfaction of Adolescents with Postoperative pain management – idiopathic Scoliosis (SAP-S)

Background Spinal fusion is a common orthopedic surgery in children and adolescents and is associated with high pain levels postoperatively. If the pain is not well managed, negative outcomes may ensue. To our knowledge, there is no measure in English that assesses patient’s satisfaction with postoperative pain management following idiopathic scoliosis surgery. The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the satisfaction subscale of the English version of the Satisfaction of Adolescents with Postoperative pain management – idiopathic Scoliosis (SAP-S) scale. Methods Eighty-two participants aged 10–18 years, who had undergone spinal fusion surgery, fully completed the SAP-S scale at 10–14 days postdischarge. Construct validity was assessed through a principal component analysis using varimax rotation. Results Principal component analysis indicated a three-factor structure of the 13-item satisfaction subscale of the SAP-S scale. Factors referred to satisfaction regarding current medication received (Factor 1), actions taken by nurses and doctors to manage pain (Factor 2) and information received after surgery (Factor 3). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91, showing very good internal consistency. Data on satisfaction and clinical outcomes were also reported. Conclusion The SAP-S is a valid and reliable measure of satisfaction with postoperative pain management that can be used in both research and clinical settings to improve pain management practices. Although it was developed and validated with adolescents who had undergone spinal fusion surgery, it can be used, with further validation, to assess adolescents’ satisfaction with pain management in other postoperative contexts.
Barriers, Motivators, and Perceived Abilities Related to Completion of the Doctoral Degree

Student retention has been a well-researched topic in higher education for decades (Austin, Cameron, Glass, Kosko, Marsh, Abdelmagid, & Burge, 2009; Ericson & Gardner, 1992; Lau, 2002; Pang, 2009; Thompson, 2007; Wetzel, O’Toole, & Peterson, 1999). Many universities receive funding based on the number of students enrolled each term so keeping students enrolled is not only in the best interest of the institution financially but also in the best interest of overall student success (Titus, 2004). Maintaining high rankings is also vital since retention and graduation rates are widely published and many students base their choice of higher education on these rankings (Hossler, 2006). The study of the relationship between perceived barriers and doctoral student completion rates could possibly lead to policy creation aimed at increasing student retention at the doctoral level. Since most of the retention theory and policy creation is directed toward undergraduate students, results of this study could yield implications for doctoral support programs. Research estimated that 40-60% of doctoral students do not persist to finishing their degree (Austin, et al., 2009; Bowen & Rudenstein, 1992; Cassuto, 2013; Di Pierro, 2012; Frischer & Larsson, 2000; Galima, 2013; Green, 2005; Golde, 2005; Holley & Caldwell, 2011; Ivankova & Stick, 2007; Katz, 1997; Kiley & Millins, 2005; Lahenius & Martinsuo, 2011; Spaulding & RockinsonSzapkiw, 2012; Stallone, 2004; West, Golkap, Vallejo, Fischer, & Gupton, 2011) and that 20% of those that advance to candidacy do not finish the dissertation phase (Bowen & Rudenstine, 1992; Frischer & Larsson, 2000; Green 2005; Katz, 1997: Kiley & Millins, 2005). Studying the
A Mobile Context Sharing System Using Activity and Emotion Recognition with Bayesian Networks

With the recent popularization of smart phones, context sharing systems in mobile environment attract attention of people. Mobile context sharing systems can share more information than web-based social network services because they have various sensors. For sharing high-level contexts such as activity and emotion, a user had to manually annotate them in previous works. This paper proposes a mobile context sharing system that can recognize high-level contexts automatically by using Bayesian networks based on collected mobile logs. We have implemented the Context Viewer application which consists of a phonebook and a map browser to prove the feasibility of the proposed system. Also, we have confirmed that the proposed system is useful, by evaluating Bayesian networks and performing the SUS test.
Template-directed synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of Au–TiO2–Au heterojunction nanowires

The feasibility of synthesizing metal–oxide–metal (MOM) heterojunction nanowires in the Au–TiO2–Au system is demonstrated. The synthesis method presented here entails sequential electroplating of Au and electro-deposition of amorphous titanium oxide (TiOx) inside nanoholes of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates. This is followed by dissolving the template, and heat-treating the released nanowires, which results in the crystallization of the amorphous TiOx segment into nanocrystalline TiO2. Detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation has revealed that the nanocrystalline TiO2 is orthorhombic (columbite) phase primarily. This synthesis method has the potential to provide better control over the characteristics and architectures of the resulting MOM nanowires. The Au–TiO2–Au nanowires were incorporated into single-nanowire devices, fabricated using a direct-write method. Nonlinear current–voltage (I–V) responses were obtained for individual MOM nanowires. The heterojunctions in such MOM nanowires are likely to offer certain advantages over all-oxide nanowires, making the MOM nanowires potentially useful as one-dimensional building blocks in the multifunctional nanoelectronics of the future.