Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Cultural Distance in Mediating the Host Gaze

The Contact Hypothesis suggests that contact between people of different cultural backgrounds may result in positive and negative outcomes. As people are more likely to develop social contact with their own national group, or those with a similar background, it was posited that Dutch hosts were more likely to develop positive social contact with German tourists than with East Asian tourists. Our in-depth interviews with Dutch tourism-related business participants suggested the opposite. Furthermore, it was found that stereotypes attributed to a culture travel with its people as tourists in different ways, depending on cultural distance. Cultural distance seems to mediate the host gaze in different ways, and new hypotheses have emerged calling for more research on tourism encounters in different geographical contexts.
THE EFFECT OF SHOCK ON THE KIDNEY

Since World War 11, there has been increasing awareness of the syndrome of persistent renal failure following shock. This syndrome has been known under a variety of names including shock kidney,' lower nephron nephrosis? acute tubular necrosis: and necrotizing nephrosis.4 The multiplicity of names is indicative of the dissatisfaction with each. Recently, Oliver6 has shown that the lesion is neither confined to the lower nephron nor is it nephrosis. It seems preferable, on the basis of his studies, to call this syndrome acute renal failure and then to indicate the etiology so far as it is known. In this discussion, we shall consider those cases of acute renal failure associated with shock. Acute renal failure may also follow poisoning by various chemicals and certain disturbances of electrolyte balance. In many respects, such cases are clinically similar to those following shock. Van Slykel has pointed out that the immediate effects of shock on the kidney should be considered apart from the later effects. Consideration of the first, 3r ischemic phase is necessary for an understanding of the pathogenesis of the syndrome; but it is the second, or renal damage phase in which the syndrome of acute renal failure is found. Renal clearances in dogs, during the first phase, have been studied extensively.8-8 FIGURE 1shows an experiment of Phillips et al." in which 570 cc. of blood was removed from a dog. There was an immediate drop in blood pressure. Thereafter, the clearance of PAH gradually decreased toward zero in about four hours. The creatinine clearance closely paralleled the PAH clearance. The extraction of PAH from the plasma as it passes through the kidney was determined and found to be above 0.80 during this first phase. The lowered clearance of PAH is thus indicative of decreased renal plasma flow. The normal extraction ratio suggests that, despite the marked decrease in blood flow through the kidney, the renal tissue that is perfused has relatively normal function. This finding is strong evidence against the existence of an arterio-venous shunt through the kidney as described by Trueta el aL9 Lauson, Bradley, and Cournand'o have carried out extensive studies on this first phase in man. In EIGURE 2, taken from their work, it can be seen that, in the presence of reduced blood pressure, there was reduction in renal blood flow. Usually, the renal blood flow was reduced more than the blood pressure, indicating the presence of increased renal resistance. With the decreased plasma flow, there is a concomitant decrease in filtration rate. No consistent change in filtration fraction was observed. These authors also determined cardiac output and, in FIGURE 3, it can be seen that the renal blood flow is reduced more than the cardiac output. They suggested that this apparently selective renal ischemia, in effect, spares the diminished output of the
Eight Questions About Corruption

This paper will discuss eight frequently asked questions about public corruption: (1) What is corruption? (2) Which countries are the most corrupt? (3) What are the common characteristics of countries with high corruption? (4) What is the magnitude of corruption? (5) Do higher wages for bureaucrats reduce corruption? (6) Can competition reduce corruption? (7) Why have there been so few (recent) successful attempts to fight corruption? (8) Does corruption adversely affect growth?
Analysis of lossy inhomogeneous planar layers using Taylor's series expansion

A general method is introduced to frequency domain analysis of arbitrary lossy inhomogeneous planar layers. In this method, all electric and magnetic parameters and also all components of the electric and magnetic fields are expanded in a Taylor's series. The field solutions are obtained after finding unknown coefficients of the series. The validity of the method is verified using analysis of some special types of planar layers.
New perspectives on nutritional interventions to augment lipid utilisation during exercise

The enhancement of fat oxidation during exercise is an aim for both recreational exercising individuals and endurance athletes. Nutritional status may explain a large part of the variation in maximal rates of fat oxidation during exercise. This review reveals novel insights into nutritional manipulation of substrate selection during exercise, explaining putative mechanisms of action and evaluating the current evidence. Lowering the glycaemic index of the pre-exercise meal can enhance lipid utilisation by up to 100 % through reduced insulin concentrations, although its application may be restricted to specific training sessions rather than competition. Chronic effects of dietary glycaemic index are less clear and warrant future study before firm recommendations can be made. A flurry of recent advances has overthrown the conventional view of l-carnitine supplementation, with skeletal muscle uptake possible under certain dietary conditions and providing a strategy to influence energy metabolism in an exercise intensity-dependent manner. Use of non-carbohydrate nutrients to stimulate muscle l-carnitine uptake may prove more beneficial for optimising lipid utilisation, but this requires more research. Studies investigating fish oil supplementation on fat oxidation during exercise are conflicting. In spite of some strong putative mechanisms, the only crossover trial showed no significant effect on lipid use during exercise. Ca may increase NEFA availability although it is not clear whether these effects occur. Ca and caffeine can increase NEFA availability under certain circumstances which could theoretically enhance fat oxidation, yet strong experimental evidence for this effect during exercise is lacking. Co-administration of nutrients to maximise their effectiveness needs further investigation.
Utilizing Web‐based Databases to Introduce Social Work Content in Research Statistics Courses

Masters level statistics is often not a course of choice for social work students. Teaching it in such a way that students' anxiety is reduced while facilitating their recognition of the importance of empirical knowledge in their social work practice and their need to have fundamental research skills, can be quite challenging. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a pedagogical tool used in a course on bivariate statistics that involves students throughout the semester in the process of developing and testing their own hypotheses regarding fluctuations in reported hate crimes/capita by states (as reported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation). This technique provides continuity throughout the semester and is easily adapted to other issues equally important to social work. The data's unintuitive findings that disagree with most students' hypotheses also challenges students to consider methodological issues and the validity of the data. Because most students do not have a strong knowledge base of hate crimes, students often have to grapple with how their own preconceptions might bias their understanding of an issue and potentially their work with a client or client system. From an instructional standpoint, the method is contained and manageable, and the data are easily accessible.
Living Stories of the Landscape: Perception of Place through Canoeing in Canada's North

Abstract The paper examines the role of canoe tripping in creating, perceiving and sharing meanings of place and movement. Addressing concerns over the transitory nature of outdoor recreation activities, Ingold's dwelling perspective is used to draw connections between skill development and senses of place and movement. Narratives of place from an extended canoe expedition in northern Canada are presented and analysed in the context of the author's changing understanding of theory and practice. Outdoor recreation research has been criticized for framing landscape as a static backdrop. In response, landscape, environmental conditions and social interactions are shown to be co-influential and woven together through the practice of skilled activities. This approach highlights the importance of socially and ecologically situating human activity. Implications are discussed for those researching, developing and providing adventure tourism and recreation.
Constructing a semantic network for legal content

The Dutch Tax and Customs Administration (DTCA) is one of many organizations that deal with a multitude of electronic legal data, from various sources and in different formats. In this paper, we describe the results of a study aimed at better access to these sources by having a supplier and format independent knowledge store that describes the sources and their interrelations in a semantic network. Furthermore we developed parsers to automatically detect the identity of sources and typed references within the sources to other legal documents. These parsers can be used to fill and update the semantic network as new documents are added.
Assessment of the contraceptive efficacy of the aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos Corr. leaves in male albino rats

The present study was conducted to evaluate the contraceptive effect of an aqueous extract from the leaves of Aegle marmelos (AMLAq) on the reproductive organs of male rats with an emphasis on reversibility. Adult male rats were treated daily with different doses of AMLAq, i.e. 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw/day for 60 days. The data presented in this study demonstrate that the weight of the reproductive organs was reduced significantly in all the treatment groups. AMLAq induced a significant decrease in the sperm motility and sperm density of the Cauda epididymis and testes. The reduction in fertility was 50%, 85% and 100%, respectively, in the treatment groups. The testosterone level also significantly declined. Biochemical analysis of the reproductive tissues for sialic acid, protein, glycogen, fructose, ascorbic acid, acid and alkaline phosphatase indicated a significant decrease whereas testicular cholesterol level significantly increased indicating alterations in the biochemical milieu of the genital organs. Fertility and other effects gradually returned to control levels 120 days after cessation of treatment. No clinical signs of side effects on general metabolism were detected throughout the treatment, and after withdrawal, body weight gain was similar in all groups together with no alterations in the weight of vital organs', hematological and serological parameters.
PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF A HIGH ENERGY DIET ON FATTY LIVER AND HIPPOCAMPAL-DEPENDENT MEMORY IN MALE RATS

In rodents, diets exceeding nutritional requirements (i.e., high‐energy diets; HED) impair hippocampal‐dependent memory. Our research suggests that the effects likely involve HED‐induced increases in liver lipids. In this experiment, rats were provided with diet choices to test whether voluntary consumption of a HED impairs spatial memory, whether differences in initial weight gain predict memory deficits, and whether increases in liver lipids are associated with the memory deficits.
Evaluation of Quality and Readability of Health Information Websites Identified through India's Major Search Engines

Background. The available health information on websites should be reliable and accurate in order to make informed decisions by community. This study was done to assess the quality and readability of health information websites on World Wide Web in India. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out in June 2014. The key words “Health” and “Information” were used on search engines “Google” and “Yahoo. ” Out of 50 websites (25 from each search engines), after exclusion, 32 websites were evaluated. LIDA tool was used to assess the quality whereas the readability was assessed using Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and SMOG. Results. Forty percent of websites (n = 13) were sponsored by government. Health On the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode) certification was present on 50% (n = 16) of websites. The mean LIDA score (74.31) was average. Only 3 websites scored high on LIDA score. Only five had readability scores at recommended sixth-grade level. Conclusion. Most health information websites had average quality especially in terms of usability and reliability and were written at high readability levels. Efforts are needed to develop the health information websites which can help general population in informed decision making.
Through the lens of strength: A framework for educating the heart

The work of Chris Peterson and his colleagues provides a context and rationale for creating a new paradigm for character education. While most character education approaches (past and present) have served the purpose of inculcating societal norms and expectations, a positive psychology-based approach seeks to help individuals identify and engage their personal character strengths, thereby promoting well-being. To date, research on character strengths-based classroom interventions has identified positive outcomes related to positive emotion, engagement, relationships, and accomplishment. During the past decade, a number of public and private schools have served as pioneers in this emerging field. This work has contributed to the development of (1) a theoretical framework for infusing strengths-based practices in classrooms and schools and (2) a corresponding body of practices.
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Combined With Genetic Operators for Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Under Uncertain Processing Time for Semiconductor Manufacturing

Semiconductor manufacturing is a complicated flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) of combinatorial complexity. Because of the adoption of advanced process control and advanced equipment control, the processing time in advanced wafer fabs become uncertain. Existing approaches considering constant processing time may not be appropriate to address the present problem in a real setting. In practice, processing times can be represented as intervals with the most probable completion time somewhere near the middle of the interval. A fuzzy number that is a generalized interval can represent this processing time interval exactly and naturally. This paper developed a hybrid approach integrating a particle swarm optimization algorithm with a Cauchy distribution and genetic operators (HPSO+GA) for solving an FJSP by finding a job sequence that minimizes the makespan with uncertain processing time. In particular, the proposed hybridized HPSO+GA approach employs PSO for creating operation sequences and assigning the time and resources for each operation, and then uses genetic operators to update the particles for improving the solution. To estimate the validity of the proposed approaches, experiments were conducted to compare the proposed approach with conventional approaches. The results show the practical viability of this approach. This paper concludes with discussions of contributions and recommends directions for future research.
Hardware-dependent Software synthesis for many-core embedded systems

This paper presents synthesis of Hardware Dependent Software (HdS) for multicore and many-core designs using Embedded System Environment (ESE). ESE is a tool set, developed at UC Irvine, for transaction level design of multicore embedded systems. HdS synthesis is a key component of ESE back-end design flow. We follow a design process that starts with an application model consisting of C processes communicating via abstract message passing channels. The application model is mapped to a platform net-list of SW and HW cores, buses and buffers. A high speed transaction level model (TLM) is generated to validate abstract communication between processes mapped to different cores. The TLM is further refined into a Pin-Cycle Accurate Model (PCAM) for board implementation. The PCAM includes C code for all the HdS layers including routing, packeting, synchronization and bus transfer. The generated HdS methods provide a library of application level services to the C processes on individual SWcores. Therefore, the application developer does not need to write low level HdS for board implementation. Synthesis results for an multi-core MP3 decoder design, using ESE, show that the HdS is generated in order of seconds, compared to hours ofmanual coding. The quality of synthesized code is comparable to manually written code in terms of performance and code size.
Trends in therapeutic drug conjugates for bacterial diseases: a patent review

ABSTRACT Introduction: Drug conjugates are trend topics in Chemical Biology. These entities are an emerging class of highly potent biopharmaceutical drugs, best known in the field of oncology, that have been also designed as a targeted therapy/diagnosis for the treatment/prevention of several bacterial diseases. Antibiotic resistance is now a major threat to public health, and targeted strategies can reduce resistance. The following review aims at giving an overview of the patented therapeutic innovations covering these areas. Particular attention has been given to antibacterial drug conjugates in the last 30 years. Areas covered: The authors provide an overview of the scientific reports describing the research and development of new drug conjugates for bacterial diseases. The review emphasizes the rationale behind synthesis, biological activities and improvement of the new drug conjugates. New technologies applied for the research in this field have also been discussed. The article is based on the most relevant literature related to the development of new therapeutic solutions. The patents presented in this review have been collected from multiple electronic databases including SciFinder, Pubmed, Espacenet and Mendeley. Expert opinion: The new drug conjugates described in the current review proved to display improved delivery, efficacy, targeting abilities and fewer side effects. Versatile approaches were invented to achieve these goals.
Community-based group exercise improves balance and reduces falls in at-risk older people: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND recent studies have found that moderate intensity exercise is an effective intervention strategy for preventing falls in older people. However, research is required to determine whether supervised group exercise programmes, conducted in community settings with at-risk older people referred by their health care practitioner are also effective in improving physical functioning and preventing falls in this group. OBJECTIVES to determine whether participation in a weekly group exercise programme with ancillary home exercises over one year improves balance, muscle strength, reaction time, physical functioning, health status and prevents falls in at-risk community-dwelling older people. METHODS the sample comprised 163 people aged over 65 years identified as at risk of falling using a standardised assessment screen by their general practitioner or hospital-based physiotherapist, residing in South Western Sydney, Australia. Subjects were randomised into either an exercise intervention group or a control group. Physical performance and general health measures were assessed at baseline and repeated 6-months into the trial. Falls were measured over a 12-month follow-up period using monthly postal surveys. RESULTS at baseline both groups were well matched in their physical performance, health and activity levels. The intervention subjects attended a median of 23 exercise classes over the year, and most undertook the home exercise sessions at least weekly. At retest, the exercise group performed significantly better than the controls in three of six balance measures; postural sway on the floor with eyes open and eyes closed and coordinated stability. The groups did not differ at retest in measures of strength, reaction time and walking speed or on Short-Form 36, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly or fear of falling scales. Within the 12-month trial period, the rate of falls in the intervention group was 40% lower than that of the control group (IRR=0.60, 95% CI 0.36-0.99). CONCLUSIONS these findings indicate that participation in a weekly group exercise programme with ancillary home exercises can improve balance and reduce the rate of falling in at-risk community dwelling older people.
Using Staff Training to Decrease the Use of Restrictive Procedures at Two Facilities for Foster Care Children

Objective: Use of some restrictive procedures, including physical restraint, has been controversial. For children within the foster care system, who have already suffered various degrees of abuse and neglect, restrictive procedures could add to their emotional and behavioral problems. The current study was conducted to determine whether a behavioral staff training program would help reduce the use of restrictive procedures at two group facilities housing children in the foster care system. Method: Pre- and posttraining measures (incident reports) were obtained within a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design to document the use of restrictive procedures. Results: The data revealed decreases in reports of several restrictive procedures (e.g., take downs, physical holds, and physical and pharmacological restraints) at both facilities. Conclusions: The results suggest that training direct care staff personnel, including social workers, in positive behavioral strategies might reduce staff use of restrictive procedures and result in fewer injuries to both children and staff.
Parent and Teacher Ratings of ADHD Symptoms: Psychometric Properties in a Community-Based Sample

Obtained data from parents and teachers for a large sample of urban school children aged 6 to 12 years on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale, and collected criterion measures (e.g., direct observations of classroom behavior, academic achievement scores) on a smaller subsample. The ADHD Rating Scale was found to be a highly reliable questionnaire with adequate criterion-related validity. Strong differences between boys and girls were evident with respect to the frequency of ADHD symptomatology. The ADHD Rating Scale should be useful as one component of a multimodal assessment approach that would include rating scales surveying both general and specific areas of psychopathology.