Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Expression of RNA-Binding Protein HuR in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Correlates with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Expression and Lymph Node Metastasis

The expression levels of the RNA-binding protein Hu antigen (HuR) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) were examined immunohistochemically in 81 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and 15 benign human lung tissues. HuR showed a nuclear overexpression in 82.7% (67/81) of NSCLC specimens. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for HuR was observed in 45.7% (37/81) of NSCLC, while only nuclear expression of HuR was observed in 13.3% (2/15) of benign lung tissues. The expression of VEGF-C was present in a subgroup of 70.4% (57/81) of tumor cases. In the human NSCLC samples, cytoplasmic but not nuclear HuR expression was significantly associated with increased levels of VEGF-C and with clinicopathological variables, including high tumor grade, poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. In vitro, HuR showed a predominantly nuclear staining in Lewis lung cancer cells, as seen by confocal microscopy. When lung cancer cells were treated with siRNA targeted against HuR, expression levels of the HuR and VEGF-C proteins were significantly reduced, as seen by Western blotting. Our findings indicate that there is a dysregulation of the cellular distribution of the mRNA stability factor HuR in a subset of NSCLC. Examination of cytoplasmic HuR in NSCLC tissues will allow for valuable prognostic diagnosis of lymph node metastasis, as HuR might be an important mediator regulating the expression of VEGF-C.
Raw Propolis as a Promising Feed Additive in Poultry Nutrition: Trends and Advances

| Propolis is a resinous beehive product also known as bee glue that is collected by honeybees from several plants. Honeybee insects blend this viscous and non-toxic substance with the help of their salivary gland secretions and flecks of wax produced by special abdominal glands. It possesses valuable properties such as immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and cardio-protective. A substantial amount of literature has documented its positive effects on poultry regarding growth, immunity, meat quality, microbiota of gastrointestinal tract, and blood hematology. Propolis contains about 200-300 natural compounds. Its biological and pharmacological properties are mainly due to the presence of a great amount of polyphenols including flavonoids, triterpenes, phenolic acid esters (ferulates and caffeates), aromatic acids, diterpenic acids and lignans as well. Currently, most of the interesting research has been focused on biological properties of propolis and its potential health promoting effects in humans, livestock animals and poultry. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the nutritional and medicinal importance of propolis as a safe feed supplement for the improvement of poultry health and performance as well as an alternative of the synthetic antibiotics growth promoters which are worldwide banned.
An Autonomous Exploration Strategy for Cooperative Mobile Robots

Frontier-based exploration methods are efficient for multi-robot exploration systems. In this paper, enhanced frontier-based techniques are used with team of cooperating mobile robots to explore unknown environment. The aim of the exploration algorithm is to minimize the exploration time by coordinating the robots to maximize overall utility by minimizing the potential of overlapping in information gained amongst the robots. The proposed frontier-based exploration algorithm is based on a new bidding function to decrease the overlap between the robots in addition to the utility and cost parameters. A special parameter depends on the future positions of the robots is also considered. The proposed algorithm has been tested with different environments. We also compared it to A* algorithm. Comparisons demonstrated the efficiency of proposed algorithm.
Synthesis Features of Iron Oxide Nanopowders with High Magnetic and Sorption Properties

The magnetic particles of iron oxides are promising materials for the purification of water from ions of heavy metals and radionuclides. Their advantage compared to other sorbents is the ability to extract by applied magnetic field, which greatly simplifies the task of extraction, separation and processing in cleaning technologies. The aim of this work is investigation of temperature and concentration of iron in the solution effect on the phase composition, nanoparticle size and their magnetization. Phase magnetite in the sample increases with increasing temperature and the magnetization decreases slightly with increasing the initial concentration of iron in solution. We found that regardless of the conditions of deposition formed spherical particles whose average size ranges from 7 to 15 nm. The sorptive capacity of the particles is virtually independent of the phase composition and for cobalt is about 18 mg/g. For sorption-based material magnetic particles Fe3O4 recommended to carry out the deposition process at a temperature not lower than 80°C. The concentration of iron in solution must be within 0,15–0,3M. The particles obtained contain in their composition at least 90 wt. % of magnetite phase and are characterized by a magnetization in the range of 65–70 A·m2/kg. Also in the paper is comparing efficiency of extraction and sorption capacity for cobalt particles by different phase of magnetite and hematite.
The Nano-Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc Air Batteries

Electrochemical devices such as fuel cell, battery and supercapacitors are potential alternatives for energy conversion and storage apart from the burning of fossil fuels. Among the different energy storage systems, the rechargeable zinc-air battery displays great promise due to many attractive features, such as high energy density, cost-effective and environmentally friendly design, as well as low operating risks [1]. However, rechargeable zinc-air batteries suffer from the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), resulting in the large overpotentials which is one of major challenges in commercialization [2]. Thereby it is important to develop more highly efficient, novel bifunctional nano-electrocatalysts to efficiently promote both ORR and OER processes. Currently, significant progress has been made in bifunctional-catalyst development including transition-metal-based materials (oxides, chalcogenides, nitrides, and carbides), heteroatomdoped carbon nanomaterials and hybrid materials that consist of the former two [3]. The hybrid materials have been demonstrated synergistically enhanced ORR and OER activities, utilizing the nanostructured carbon with high surface area to be helpful with the dispersion of electrolyte and fasten charge transport of metal oxides. The carbon materials can act as an oxygen electrocatalyst to improve the activity of ORR, while the metal oxide facilitates OER [4]. Such synergetic effects observed with hybrid catalysts are attributed to two factors: (i) the electronic interaction between carbon and metal species creates rapid electron transfer pathways; (ii) the active carbon species initially facilitate the reduction of O2 to HO2-, and then the metal species subsequently catalyze HO2to OH, resulting in the overall four-electron reduction process [5,6].
Normal Variations of Sphenoid Sinus and the Adjacent Structures Detected in Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Statement of the Problem The sphenoid sinus is a common target of paranasal surgery. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is likely to endanger the anatomic variations of vital structures adjacent to the sphenoid sinus. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the variations of sphenoid sinus and the related structures by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Method In this descriptive-analytic study, CBCT images of 103 patients aged above 20-years were selected (206 sides). Degree of pneumatization of sphenoid sinus, pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process, pterygoid process, protrusion of optic canal, vidian canal, and foramen rotundum, as well as prevalence of sinus septa were recorded. Examinations were performed using On-Demand software (Version 1); data were analyzed by using chi-square test. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between the pterygoid pneumatization and vidian canal protrusion (p< 0.001), and foramen rotundum protrusion (p< 0.001). The optic canal protrusion was found to be significantly associated with the anterior clinoid pneumatization and pterygoid process (p< 0.001). Statistically significant relationship was also observed between the carotid canal protrusion and pterygoid process pneumatization (p< 0.001). Conclusion The anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus tend to give rise to a complexity of symptoms and potentially serious complications. This variability necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the regional sphenoid sinus anatomy by a detailed CBCT sinus examination.
Aspect-oriented programming with C# and .NET

Microsoft has introduced the . NET architecture as a new component-based programming environment, which allows for easy integration of classical distributed programming techniques with Web computing. NET defines a type system and introduces notions such as component, object, and interface, which are building blocks for distributed multi-language component-based applications. As many other component frameworks, . NET mainly focuses on functional interfaces of components. Non-functional aspects of components, such as resource usage (CPU, memory), timing behavior, fault-tolerance, or security requirements are currently not expressed in . NET's component interfaces. We discuss the usage of aspect-oriented programming techniques in context of the . NET framework. We focus on the fault-tolerance aspect and discuss the expression of non-functional component properties (aspects) as C# custom attributes. Our approach uses reflection to generate replicated objects based on settings of a special "fault-tolerance" attribute for C# components. We have implemented an aspect-weaver for integration of aspect-code and component-code, which uses the mechanisms of the language-neutral . NET type system. Therefore, our approach is not restricted to the C# language but works for any of the . NET programming languages.
Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for allergic rhinitis: matching treatment to symptoms, disease progression, and associated conditions.

The selection of specific pharmacotherapy for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) depends on several factors, including age, most prominent symptoms, symptom severity, patient preference, cost, and comorbid conditions. Guidelines focus on immediate symptoms and monotherapy. However, given the often variable course of disease, understanding symptom patterns, and recommending intervention transitions among agents and classes (and from alternative single and combination medications) can aid in optimization of treatment. This review focuses on considerations for combination therapy for AR, particularly in the context of step-up and step-down treatment, and individual symptoms and comorbidities that may benefit from such treatment (e.g., asthma). Relevant clinical studies for treatment of AR and of AR with comorbid asthma and information on treatment guidelines were identified through MEDLINE searches from inception through 2012. Search terms and phrases included "allergic rhinitis," "asthma," "treatment guidelines," and "stepwise treatment. " Stepped methodology is individualized according to patient-specific factors and severity of disease. A possible step-up/step-down approach might move through five stages: step 1, for mild intermittent symptoms, intranasal or oral antihistamine, as needed; step 2, daily intranasal antihistamine (an oral antihistamine or leukotriene antagonist may be considered as an alternative); step 3, daily intranasal corticosteroids (INS); step 4, combination INS and intranasal antihistamines; step 5, further add-on therapy options in severe cases. A step-up/step-down approach to AR pharmacotherapy based on patient response may hold the potential for optimal control of AR symptoms while minimizing side effects and cost of treatment.
Autophagy in Health and Disease: A Double-Edged Sword

Autophagy, the process by which cells recycle cytoplasm and dispose of excess or defective organelles, has entered the research spotlight largely owing to the discovery of the protein components that drive this process. Identifying the autophagy genes in yeast and finding orthologs in other organisms reveals the conservation of the mechanism of autophagy in eukaryotes and allows the use of molecular genetics and biology in different model systems to study this process. By mostly morphological studies, autophagy has been linked to disease processes. Whether autophagy protects from or causes disease is unclear. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the role of autophagy in disease and health.
Can Malaysian Young Adults Report Dietary Intake Using a Food Diary Mobile Application? A Pilot Study on Acceptability and Compliance

Mobile applications may improve dietary reporting among young adults due to their high accessibility and embedded camera function. This pilot study aimed to (i) evaluate users’ acceptability and compliance in reporting dietary intake using a newly developed food diary mobile application (food app); and (ii) identify issues and recommendations for improving dietary assessment using this food app via quantitative and qualitative protocols. Twenty-eight university students each used a food app for seven consecutive days and attended one of five focus group interviews. A 42% decrement in reporting compliance was observed throughout the seven-day recording period. An average of 5.9 recording days were reported and 4.8 occasions of meal data were uploaded each day. Based on questionnaires, high levels of agreement were reported in terms of perceived usefulness (69.3%), perceived ease of use (77.1%), attitude (73.6%), perceived enjoyment (62.6%), and smartphone experience (91.1%), but such agreement was not reported for intention to use (38.1%) and social influence (33.4%). Four major themes emerged from the focus group interviews, namely, (i) features; (ii) potential use; (iii) utility issues of the food app; and (iv) suggestions for improvements. While the food app was well-accepted by most of the young adults, the current prototype would benefit from incorporation of a barcode scanning function, customizable reminders, in-app tutorial, an entertainment component, and enhancement in overall appearance.
Conceptualizing movement by expert Bobath instructors in neurological rehabilitation

RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Movement, a core aspect of physiotherapy practice, and integral to the clinical reasoning process has undergone limited theoretical development. Instead, research has focused on intervention effectiveness embedded within the positivist paradigm. The purpose of this study was to explore how expert neurorehabilitation therapists conceptualize movement as part of their clinical reasoning. METHOD A qualitative interpretive descriptive approach consisting of stimulated recall using video-recorded treatment sessions and in-depth interviews was used. Theoretical sampling was used to recruit members of the International Bobath Instructors Training Association (IBITA) who are recognized experts in neurorehabilitation. Interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was progressive, iterative, and inductive. RESULTS Twenty-two IBITA instructors from 7 different countries volunteered to participate. They ranged in clinical experience from 12 to 40 years and instructor experience from 1 to 35 years. The conceptualization of movement by the IBITA instructors involves the following elements: (1) movement comprises the whole person and the whole body, not just individual body segments; (2) active alignment of body segments is integral to movement performance; and (3) efficient movement requires the relative integration of postural control/stability and selective movement/mobility. CONCLUSIONS The IBITA instructors conceptualize movement from a person-centred perspective. The integration of postural control and selective movement, with alignment and variability as key components, forms the foundation of their understanding of movement. Further investigation into the role of postural control in movement recovery post central nervous system lesion is required. Likewise, the dimensions of movement critical to the conceptualization of movement are not well understood from the perspective of the physiotherapist or persons with neurological impairments.
Deformation Behaviour of Led and Hiled Cured Dental Resin Microhybrid and Nanofilled Composites

The deformation behavior of commercial microhybridresin based composite (20/20 composite) and nanofilled composite (Light Cured Universal Composite) cured with the conventional Light Emitting Diode (LED) and exponential Light Emitting Diode (HiLED) under various loading condition have been investigated. Deformation of restorations such as shrinkage and shearing from curing and mastication have been a major concern for clinicians because of void and crack formations in restored tooth structure which affects the mechanical properties of the resin composites. Samples of microhybridresin based composite (20/20 composite) and nanofilled composite (Light Cured Universal Composite) were molded with copper foil molds with standard dimension 2 x 2.5 x 8mm, photo-cured by both conventional Light Emitting Diode (LED) and exponential Light Emitting Diode (HiLED) and then tested on the Electro Force 3200 for their deformation behavior and mechanical properties. Effects of variation of strain rate and curing time were also investigated. The results showed that, out of the four groups of samples studied, microhybridresin based composite (20/20 composite) cured with exponential Light Emitting Diode (HiLED) exhibited highest tensile strength of 28 MPa. The loading and unloading of the samples exhibited hysteresis responses and path dependence nonlinear behavior. At stress values less than 4 MPa, rate dependent recoverable (viscoelasticity) deformation was observed in all the four groups of samples but at stress values beyond 4 MPa rate dependent irrecoverable (viscoplasticity) deformation was observed. Finally, it was observed that increasing curing time leads to increasing tensile strength for materials cured by both methods.
HIV-1-specific CD4+ responses in primary HIV-1 infection predict disease progression

Objectives:Immune factors determining clinical progression following HIV-1 infection remain unclear. The SPARTAC trial randomized 366 participants in primary HIV infection (PHI) to different short-course therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate how early immune responses in PHI impacted clinical progression in SPARTAC. Design and methods:Participants with PHI recruited to the SPARTAC trial were sampled at enrolment, prior to commencing any therapy. HIV-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ ELISpot responses were measured by gamma interferon ELISPOT. Immunological data were associated with baseline covariates and times to clinical progression using logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier plots, and Cox models. Results:Making a CD4+ T-cell ELISpot response (n = 119) at enrolment was associated with higher CD4+ cell counts (P = 0.02) and to some extent lower plasma HIV RNA (P = 0.07). There was no correlation between the number of overlapping Gag CD8+ T-cell ELISpot responses (n = 138) and plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load. Over a median follow-up of 2.9 years, baseline CD4+ cell ELISpot responses (n = 119) were associated with slower clinical progression (P = 0.01; log-rank). Over a median of 3.1 years, there was no evidence for a survival advantage imposed by CD8+ T-cell immunity (P = 0.82). Conclusion:These data support a dominant protective role for CD4+ T-cell immunity in PHI compared with CD8+ T-cell responses, and are highly pertinent to HIV pathogenesis and vaccines, indicating that vaccine-induced CD4+ responses may confer sustained benefit.
Cognitive debiasing 2: impediments to and strategies for change

In a companion paper, we proposed that cognitive debiasing is a skill essential in developing sound clinical reasoning to mitigate the incidence of diagnostic failure. We reviewed the origins of cognitive biases and some proposed mechanisms for how debiasing processes might work. In this paper, we first outline a general schema of how cognitive change occurs and the constraints that may apply. We review a variety of individual factors, many of them biases themselves, which may be impediments to change. We then examine the major strategies that have been developed in the social sciences and in medicine to achieve cognitive and affective debiasing, including the important concept of forcing functions. The abundance and rich variety of approaches that exist in the literature and in individual clinical domains illustrate the difficulties inherent in achieving cognitive change, and also the need for such interventions. Ongoing cognitive debiasing is arguably the most important feature of the critical thinker and the well-calibrated mind. We outline three groups of suggested interventions going forward: educational strategies, workplace strategies and forcing functions. We stress the importance of ambient and contextual influences on the quality of individual decision making and the need to address factors known to impair calibration of the decision maker. We also emphasise the importance of introducing these concepts and corollary development of training in critical thinking in the undergraduate level in medical education.
Pain Assessment as a Social Transaction: Beyond the “Gold Standard”

Pain assessment conventionally has been viewed hierarchically with self-report as its “gold-standard. ” Recent attempts to improve pain management have focused on the importance of assessment, for example, the initiative to include pain as the “fifth vital sign. ” We question the focus in the conceptualization of pain assessment upon a “vital sign,” not in terms of the importance of assessment, but in terms of the application of self-report as a mechanistic index akin to a biologic measure such as heart rate and blood pressure. We synthesize current inclusive models of pain and pain assessment and propose a more comprehensive conceptualization of pain assessment as a transaction based on an organismic interplay between the patient and clinician.
The effect of a finger training application using a tablet PC in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients

Abstract Twenty-one consecutive patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (10 patients) or the control group (11 patients). The application consisted of three sections (registration, evaluation, and training) and the training section consisted of five programs (stretching, flexion, extension, opposition, and thumb abduction). Application training consisted of 1 session (31 min)/day, 6 days/week for 4 weeks. We found that our application training was effective in terms of the motor function of the affected hand: Manual Muscle Test of the wrist and finger extensors, the Manual Function Test (subtest of manipulative activity), and the Purdue Pegboard Test.