Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratio in non-hypoglycorrhachic neurological conditions.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relevance of cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratio in non-hypoglycorrhachic conditions. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Neurology ward, university teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Adult patients with conditions unrelated to hypoglycorrhachia who underwent lumbar puncture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cerebrospinal fluid and simultaneous serum glucose concentrations, and their ratio to each other. RESULTS Between September 1998 and August 2003, 170 cerebrospinal fluid and serum glucose samples were collected from 138 patients. Mean cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratio was 0.61 (standard deviation, 0.142; range, 0.21-1.00). With the exception of cerebrospinal fluid protein level, laboratory parameters were similar among different diseases. The glucose ratio was lower than 0.6 in 43% and lower than 0.5 in 19% of samples. Cases with a low glucose ratio appeared to have higher serum glucose concentrations (significant among groups with different glucose ratios, P<0.001). The mean glucose ratio (0.65) was also significantly higher in patients with serum glucose concentration of lower than 7.8 mmol/L compared with those with serum glucose concentration between 7.8 and 11.1 mmol/L (mean, 0.46), or higher than 11.1 mmol/L (mean, 0.46) [P<0.001]. There was a strong negative correlation between the glucose ratio and serum glucose concentration (r= -0.704, P<0.001). CONCLUSION A lowered cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratio is often seen in the absence of an appropriate disorder, especially when simultaneous serum glucose concentration is elevated. This may be explained by the saturation kinetics of glucose transportation in hyperglycaemia, and the time lag for cerebrospinal fluid and glucose to equilibrate when the blood level fluctuates.
Asset Pricing Under Keeping Up with the Joneses and Heterogeneous Beliefs

When agents agree to disagree about the expected growth rate of the aggregate endowment process, we study the asset price dynamics under "Keeping up with the Joneses" (KUJ) meaning that each agent maximizes the expected life-time CRRA utility of his relative consumption to the other agent in the economy. By solving the optimal consumption policies analytically, we obtain the market equilibrium under heterogeneous beliefs. We provide conditions for agents' long-run survival and show that the market price of risk, risk-free rate, price-dividend ratio in market equilibrium are the consumption share weighted averages of these variables under each agent's belief. We also show the cyclical behaviour of Sharpe ratio, risk-free rate, price and dividend ratio and stock volatility. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we find that, when the less risk averse agent is relatively optimistic, allowing a small amount of disagreement between agents can explain many market characterizes including excess volatility, a high equity premium and a low risk-free rate identified in financial markets.
Endocannabinoid system as a regulator of tumor cell malignancy – biological pathways and clinical significance

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises cannabinoid receptors (CBs), endogenous cannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for their synthesis, transport, and degradation of (endo)cannabinoids. To date, two CBs, CB1 and CB2, have been characterized; however, orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55 has been suggested to be the third putative CB. Several different types of cancer present abnormal expression of CBs, as well as other components of ECS, and this has been shown to correlate with the clinical outcome. Although most effects of (endo)cannabinoids are mediated through stimulation of classical CBs, they also interact with several molecules, either prosurvival or proapoptotic molecules. It should be noted that the mode of action of exogenous cannabinoids differs significantly from that of endocannabinoid and results from the studies on their activity both in vivo and in vitro could not be easily compared. This review highlights the main signaling pathways involved in the antitumor activity of cannabinoids and the influence of their activation on cancer cell biology. We also discuss changes in the expression pattern of the ECS in various cancer types that have an impact on disease progression and patient survival. A growing amount of experimental data imply possible exploitation of cannabinoids in cancer therapy.
Expression of some inflammatory and angiogenic factors in oropharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers are among the most aggressive malignancies. Cooperation between neoplastic cells, intratumoral angiogenic process and immune system cells plays an important role in initiating and developing of a malignant tumor. The present study was conducted on 5 patients with oropharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, all of them being chronic tobacco smokers and alcohol consumers. Using relative quantification by qPCR, the mRNA levels corresponding to 18 genes encoding inflammation and angiogenesis factors, in tumor versus peritumoral tissue (the latter, used as „control”) have been investigated. The results showed that a persistant inflammatory process of the upper aero-digestive tract due to chronic diseases (e.g. chronic sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis, gastroesophageal reflux), associated with high risk factors like alcohol and tobacco consumption, is a major factor in inducing and sustaining the development of oropharyngeal and laryngeal neoplasia; one important mechanism activated by inflamation at the growing tumor site is angiogenesis which is a very intense process in this type of malignancies.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression after Induced by Chicken Shank Collagen Scaffold in Bone Regeneration

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential mediator during the process of angiogenesis that is an initial process of bone regeneration. Engineered bone tissue commonly encompass the use of scaffold. Collagen plays an important role in bone regeneration. Unfortunately, collagen can be extracted from chicken shank. This research was aimed to determine the effect of chicken shank collagen scaffold on the expresion of VEGF. Chicken shank was mixed by trypsin powder and dissolved in CH3COOH until forming like fiber then was sentifuged. Supernatant was dissolved NaCl 5wt% until forming fiber then was dialyzed for three days. Chicken shank collagen was printed in mould to freeze dry for 24 hours. Rats with defected femur were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was the control group, and group 2 was treatment group which the defected femur were administrated with chicken shank collagen scaffold. Those rats were sacrificed on 2nd week. Tissue preparation was made then immunohistochemical staining was conducted counting VEGF expression. A statistical analysis was conducted using Mann Whitney test. There was a significant difference in the expression of VEGF (p<0,05). The amount of VEGF expression was increased by chicken shank collagen scaffold. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2017; 10(2): pp. 333-337)
A new, fast method for 2D polygon clipping: analysis and software implementation

This paper presents a new 2D polygon clipping method, based on an extension to the Sutherland-Cohen 2D line clipping method. After discussing three basic polygon clipping algorithms, a different approach is proposed, explaining the principles of a new algorithm and presenting it step by step. An example implementation of the algorithm is given along with some results. A comparison between the proposed method, the Liang and Barsky algorithm, and the Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm is also given, showing performances up to eight times the speed of the Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm, and up to three times the Liang and Barsky algorithm. The algorithm proposed here can use floating point or integer operations; this can be useful for fast or simple implementations.
Analysis for Objective Evaluation the Stress of the Hand Analysis for Objective Evaluation the Stress of the Hand

The hand is constantly in contact with products and therefore stressed differently. Heavy stress is the cause of unpleasant sensation and can lead to common hand diseases in the worst case. The chapter starts with the description of hand diseases and with methods to determination of hand stress. Subsequently, the chapter is continued with a literature review of hand stress analysis refer to objectively methods. In the main part, two objec - tive methods are developed and presented to analyze the hand stress. These methods allow the simulation and the measurement of hand stress. Compared to the classical approach, the results of the objective methods show a higher accuracy in faster review of hand stress. Finally, the chapter ends with a discussion of the results and gives opportu - nities to improve the hand model and the measurement system.
Toward a Deep Learning Approach to Behavior-based AIS Traffic Anomaly Detection

Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of mining traffic from the automatic identification system (AIS) in a variety of maritime applications. However, prior work also shows that AIS can be prone to erroneous messages due to device misconfigurations and more alarmingly, spoofing attacks. It is critical to identify and eliminate these erroneous data. Observing that a data-driven learning approach has proven effective in establishing a baseline for internet traffic, we conducted an empirical study to understand how a similar approach may be applicable to AIS message flows. We analyzed a 40GB dataset containing AIS traffic collected in a 7-day period in 2018 and covering the entire west coast of the United States. In this paper, we present results from this analysis, including our experience from parsing and deriving features from the dataset as well as preliminary results from classifying ships using standard machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, from the insights gained, we present a design leveraging deep neural networks, historical AIS data, and logic rules for establishing a normal baseline of AIS messaging patterns in an area of interest.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Bethe Ansatz solutions for highest states in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM and AdS/CFT duality

: We consider the operators with highest anomalous dimension ∆ in the compact rank-one sectors su (1 | 1) and su (2) of N = 4 super Yang-Mills. We study the ﬂow of ∆ from weak to strong ’t Hooft coupling λ by solving (i) the all-loop gauge Bethe Ansatz, (ii) the quantum string Bethe Ansatz. The two calculations are carefully compared in the strong coupling limit and exhibit diﬀerent exponents ν in the leading order expansion ∆ ∼ λ ν . We ﬁnd ν = 1 / 2 and ν = 1 / 4 for the gauge or string solution. This strong coupling discrepancy is not unexpected, and it provides an explicit example where the gauge Bethe Ansatz solution cannot be trusted at large λ . Instead, the string solution perfectly reproduces the Gubser-Klebanov-Polyakov law ∆ = 2 √ n λ 1 / 4 . In particular, we provide an analytic expression for the integer level n as a function of the U(1) charge in both sectors.
[Existing laparoscopic simulators and their benefit for the surgeon].

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, laparoscopic operations are a common part of surgical practice. However, they have their own characteristics and require a specific method of preparation. Recently, simulation techniques have been increasingly used for the training of skills. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of available literature on the topic of laparoscopic simulators, to assess their contribution to the training of surgeons, and to identify the most effective type of simulation. METHODS PubMed database, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were used to search for relevant publications. The keywords "laparoscopy, simulator, surgery, assessment" were used in the search. The search was limited to prospective studies published in the last 5 years in the English language. RESULTS From a total of 354 studies found, we included in the survey 26 that matched our criteria. Nine studies compared individual simulators to one another. Five studies evaluated "high and low fidelity" (a virtual box simulator) as equally effective (EBM 2a). In three cases the "low fidelity" box simulator was found to be more efficient (EBM 2a3b). Only one study preferred the virtual simulator (VR) (EBM2b). Thirteen studies evaluated the benefits of simulators for practice. Twelve found training on a simulator to be an effective method of preparation (EBM 1b3b). In contrast, one study did not find any difference between the training simulator and traditional preparation (EBM 3b). Nine studies evaluated directly one of the methods of evaluating laparoscopic skills. Three studies evaluated VR simulator as a useful assessment tool. Other studies evaluated as successful the scoring system GOALS-GH. The hand motion analysis model was successful in one case. Most studies were observational (EBM 3b) and only 2 studies were of higher quality (EBM 2b). CONCLUSION Simulators are an effective tool for practicing laparoscopic techniques (EBM: 1b). It cannot be determined based on available data which of the simulators is most effective. The virtual simulator, however, still remains the most self-sufficient unit suitable for teaching as well as evaluation of laparoscopic techniques (EBM 2b3b). Further studies are needed to find an effective system and parameters for an objective evaluation of skills. KEY WORDS laparoscopy - simulator - surgery assessment.
Personalized Web search with location preferences

As the amount of Web information grows rapidly, search engines must be able to retrieve information according to the user's preference. In this paper, we propose a new web search personalization approach that captures the user's interests and preferences in the form of concepts by mining search results and their clickthroughs. Due to the important role location information plays in mobile search, we separate concepts into content concepts and location concepts, and organize them into ontologies to create an ontology-based, multi-facet (OMF) profile to precisely capture the user's content and location interests and hence improve the search accuracy. Moreover, recognizing the fact that different users and queries may have different emphases on content and location information, we introduce the notion of content and location entropies to measure the amount of content and location information associated with a query, and click content and location entropies to measure how much the user is interested in the content and location information in the results. Accordingly, we propose to define personalization effectiveness based on the entropies and use it to balance the weights between the content and location facets. Finally, based on the derived ontologies and personalization effectiveness, we train an SVM to adapt a personalized ranking function for re-ranking of future search. We conduct extensive experiments to compare the precision produced by our OMF profiles and that of a baseline method. Experimental results show that OMF improves the precision significantly compared to the baseline.
Optimising Convolutional Neural Networks for Reconfigurable Acceleration

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is one of the most popular deep learning technique that has been used inmany tasks, including image classification andmachine translation. FPGA is a promising target hardware platform to deploy CNN models, because it has balanced performance and can be integrated with many platforms, from embedded devices to data-centre servers. Even though, FPGA is still less popular thanGPU andCPU regarding CNNmodel deployment platform, whichmainly due to the difficulty lies in converting high-level CNN descriptions to runnable FPGA hardware designs. This report aims at addressing this problem and provides two hardware libraries for constructing CNN on FPGA, one (RubyConv) is written in high-level language Ruby and the other one (MaxDeep) is written in OpenSPL. This report also presents a CNN model transpiler framework, Plumber, that can directly transform high-level models to FPGA designs with a novel model-hardware co-optimisation module. The evaluation shows that the design generated and model-hardware co-optimised by the Plumber transpiler framework can achieve competitive performance.
Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to ovarian cancer risk

We assessed menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to ovarian cancer risk in a large, population-based, case–control study. 563 cases in Massachusetts and New Hampshire were ascertained from hospitals and statewide tumour registries; control women (n= 523) were selected through random digit dialing and matched to case women by age and telephone sampling unit. We used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate factors in relation to risk of ovarian cancer and the major tumour histologic subtypes. Ovarian cancer risk was reduced among parous women, relative to nulliparous women (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.3−0.6). Among parous women, higher parity (P = 0.0006), increased age at first (P = 0.03) or last (P = 0.05) birth, and time since last birth (P = 0.04) were associated with reduced risk. Early pregnancy losses, abortions, and stillbirths were unrelated to risk, but preterm, term, and twin births were protective. Risk was lower among women who had breast-fed, relative to those who had not (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5–1.0), but the average duration of breast-feeding per child was unrelated to risk (P for trend = 0.21). Age at menarche and age at menopause were unrelated to risk overall, although increasing menarcheal age was protective among premenopausal women (P = 0.02). Menstrual cycle characteristics and symptoms were generally unrelated to risk, although cycle-related insomnia was associated with decreased risk (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3–0.8). We found no association between the type of sanitary product used during menstruation and ovarian cancer risk. In analyses by histologic subtype, reproductive and menstrual factors had most effect on risk of endometrioid/clear cell tumours, and least influential with regard to risk of mucinous tumours. Overall, our findings offer some support to current hypotheses of ovarian pathogenesis, and show aetiologic differences among the tumour subtypes. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign
Social networks and its impact on knowledge management

Given the growing interest and popularity of the social network studies at an individual and organizational level, this paper present critical review of literature, identify gaps and appraise current trends and limitations. Nowadays, the topic of social networks is generally viewed from technology perspective; that is to study the adoption and impact of social networking tools and completely ignore the managerial aspect of social networks. In this paper we argue that organization can leverage the power of social networks for performance, growth and eliminate collaboration inefficiencies. This paper also highlights the importance of network analysis at an organizational level and its role in knowledge sharing processes. This paper ends with highlighting the academic and practitioner implications on future research.
A Global Perspective on Inflation and Propagation Channels

This paper revisits the evidence on monetary policy transmission. It extends the existing literature in three dimensions. First, we attempt to internalise potential international channels of transmission by taking a global perspective. More specifically, we explore global aggregates covering a broader set of countries (ca. 70% per cent of the world economy) and a longer time span (from 1960 to 2013) than previous studies. Second, we broaden the set of transmission channels considered, notably by exploring interactions among monetary variables, inflation and asset prices (including residential property prices). Third, we look at the potential role of public debt in driving price developments, on the grounds underpinned by fiscal theories of the price level. On the basis of a VAR analysis, we find that: (1) global money demand shocks affect global inflation and global commodity prices (which, in turn, impact on inflation); (2) global asset price dynamics respond to financing cost shocks and (very modestly) to shocks to global money demand; and (3) positive house price shocks exert a significant influence on inflation. From a global perspective, the study suggests that an understanding of inflation requires recognition of the externalities that global commodity and asset price developments exert over domestic inflation.
Effect of SGLT 2 inhibitor on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective This study summarizes the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on renal function and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials/methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE for reports published up to March 2018 and included RCTs reporting estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) changes. Data extraction and assessment of research quality based on Cochrane risk biasing tools. Data were calculated to represent the standardized mean difference (SMD) for each study, and the SMDs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random effects model. Results Fifty-one studies were included that evaluated eGFR levels, and 17 studies were included that evaluated UACR levels. A meta-analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitors had no significant effect on eGFR levels (SMD − 0.02, 95% CI − 0.06, 0.03, p = 0.45), and eGFR reduction was observed in the subsets of the duration of the trial 12 < duration ≤ 26 weeks (SMD − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.13, − 0.02, p = 0.005) and mean baseline eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 square meters (SMD − 0.22, 95% CI − 0.37, − 0.07, p = 0.004). We found that SGLT2 inhibitors reduced UACR levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (SMD − 0.11, 95% CI − 0.17, − 0.05, p = 0.0001). Compared with monotherapy, the combination with other hypoglycemic agents can reduce albuminuria levels (SMD − 0.13, 95% CI − 0.19, − 0.06, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The effect of SGLT2 inhibitor on eGFR in patients with T2DM was not statistically significant, but it was effective in reducing albuminuria levels.
Erythrodermic Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A Case Report

A 70-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of a rapidly progressive erythrodermia. He had superficial lymph node swelling and gluteal/inguinal nodosum-like lesions. A skin biopsy of the erythrodermia showed dense mixed infiltrates distributed throughout the whole dermis, predominantly consisting of small lymphocytes and histiocytes with multinucleated giant cells presenting with a granulomatous appearance. The dense infiltrates showed a characteristic angiocentric pattern surrounding the upward vasculature interconnecting the subcutaneous/subpapillary plexus in the dermis. Some infiltrating lymphocytes showed mild atypia with somewhat irregularly shaped nuclei. Their immunologic staining profiles supported the diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Despite the dense angiocentric infiltration in the dermis, typical angiodestructive infiltration with necrotic changes was not seen on pathological examination. In this case, in situ hybridization yielded negative findings for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs. Three months after the onset of erythrodermia, the patient developed pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Corticosteroid pulse therapy was effective for the treatment of severe pulmonary infiltrations and erythrodermia. However, there had been mild recurrence of the condition or hypereosinophilia during the 4 years of follow-up. Low maintenance doses of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroid provided the patient symptomatic relief to date.