Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental nutritional programming and a reminder during juvenile stage affect growth, lipid metabolism and utilisation in later developmental stages of a marine teleost, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Abstract Nutrition during periconception and early development can modulate metabolic routes to prepare the offspring for adverse conditions through a process known as nutritional programming. In gilthead sea bream, replacement of fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LO) in broodstock diets improves growth in the 4-month-old offspring challenged with low-FO and low-fishmeal (FM) diets for 1 month. The present study further investigated the effects of broodstock feeding on the same offspring when they were 16 months old and were challenged for a second time with the low-FM and low-FO diet for 2 months. The results showed that replacement of parental moderate-FO feeding with LO, combined with juvenile feeding at 4 months old with low-FM and low-FO diets, significantly (P<0·05) improved offspring growth and feed utilisation of low-FM/FO diets even when they were 16 months old: that is, when they were on the verge of their first reproductive season. Liver fatty acid composition was significantly affected by broodstock or reminder diets as well as by their interaction. Moreover, the reduction of long-chain PUFA and increase in α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in broodstock diets lead to a significant down-regulation of hepatic lipoprotein lipase (P<0·001) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (P<0·01). Besides, fatty acid desaturase 2 values were positively correlated to hepatic levels of 18 : 4n-3, 18 : 3n-6, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 6n-3 and 22 : 5n-6. Thus, this study demonstrated the long-term nutritional programming of gilthead sea bream through broodstock feeding, the effect of feeding a ‘reminder’ diet during juvenile stages to improve utilisation of low-FM/FO diets and fish growth as well as the regulation of gene expression along the fish’s life-cycle.
Barriers and Solutions to the Coverage of Mental Health and Well-being Stories in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities

Suicide is having a devastating impact on remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) communities in Australia. In 2002, the Hunter Institute of Mental Health first distributed a set of resources on the reporting of mental illness and suicide to Australian journalists. Funded under the Mindframe National Media Initiative, this study investigates why Australian journalists decide to report or avoid the coverage of issues related to the social and emotional well-being of ATSI Australians and what barriers journalists face, particularly those of ATSI descent, in generating coverage of these sensitive issues. Participants raised serious concerns about the social and cultural responsibilities of covering issues related to mental health, mental illness and suicide in an informed way. They further highlighted the need for specific training of journalists and the need to create new resources to help journalists generate informed coverage of ATSI mental health issues. This study examines the possibility for ATSI and mainstream media to contribute to improved mental health among its target audience. In order to do so, the study examines: how mental health is promoted currently; whether barriers to positive coverage might exist; and if so, to suggest ways that such barriers might be overcome.
Sharing My Health Data: A Survey of Data Sharing Preferences of Healthy Individuals

We interviewed 70 healthy volunteers to understand their choices about how the information in their health record should be shared for research. Twenty-eight survey questions captured individual preferences of healthy volunteers. The results showed that respondents felt comfortable participating in research if they were given choices about which portions of their medical data would be shared, and with whom those data would be shared. Respondents indicated a strong preference towards controlling access to specific data (83%), and a large proportion (68%) indicated concern about the possibility of their data being used by for-profit entities. The results suggest that transparency in the process of sharing is an important factor in the decision to share clinical data for research.
Activators of protein kinase C depolarize insulin‐secreting cells by closing K+ channels.

Carbohydrate stimuli of insulin secretion depolarize the pancreatic B cell and the B‐cell line RINm5F by inhibiting ATP‐sensitive K+ channels. We examined the possibility that this effect is mediated by activation of protein kinase C. In RINm5F cells, the triose D‐glyceraldehyde evoked a rapid increase of the mass of 1,2‐diacylglycerol, the endogenous activator of protein kinase C. This effect is mainly due to de novo synthesis of the lipid from glycolytic intermediates, as glyceraldehyde carbon was incorporated into 1,2‐diacylglycerol within 1 min of exposure to 14C‐labelled glyceraldehyde. The effects of two exogenous activators of kinase C, 4‐beta‐12‐phorbol‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and 1,2‐didecanoylglycerol (DC10) on single K+ channel currents were examined in RINm5F cell‐attached membrane patches. Both PMA and DC10 depolarized the cells and decreased the open‐state probability of the ATP‐sensitive K+ channels. These actions were not due to changes in cellular ATP content, since PMA, like glyceraldehyde, failed to alter cellular ATP. As is the case for glyceraldehyde, PMA and DC10 raised cytosolic free Ca2+ [(Ca2+]i) and stimulated insulin secretion. Both of these effects are inhibited in the absence of external Ca2+. This, and the attenuation of the [Ca2+]i rise by verapamil, suggest that all three stimuli raise [Ca2+]i by promoting Ca2+ influx through voltage‐gated channels in turn leading to insulin secretion. As the exogenous activators of protein kinase C mimic the effects of glyceraldehyde, it is proposed that the carbohydrate‐mediated production of 1,2‐diacylglycerol constitutes the link between metabolism and membrane depolarization. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coordinating Sales and Raw Material Discounts in a Global Supply Chain

In this paper, the supplier of a key component to a global manufacturer offers a one‐time price discount; we study the firm's optimal response to the discount under two different strategies. In the first strategy, the firm does not pass along the discount to its customers (sales subsidiaries); the firm simply coordinates purchasing and production among the different factories to take advantage of this one‐time price discount. In the second strategy, the firm offers price discounts for its most profitable products in different sales subsidiaries to increase their demand. We carried out experiments for the two strategies based on a mathematical programming model, built around Toshiba's global notebook supply chain. Model constraints include, among others, material constraints, bill‐of‐materials, capacity and transportation constraints, minimum lot size constraints, and a constraint on minimum fill rate (service level constraint). Unlike most models of this type in the literature, which define variables in terms of single arc flows, we employ path variables, which allow for direct identification and manipulation of profitable and non‐profitable products.
CD4+ T cell‐mediated killing of major histocompatibility complex class II‐positive antigen‐presenting cells (APC) III. CD4+ cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis of APC

A subset of CD4+ T cells, belonging to the T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, kills antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in an antigen‐specific and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II‐restricted way. Evidence is presented that CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induce apoptosis or programmed cell death within susceptible APC as witnessed by quantitative DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis is more reliable to determine cell death than the 51Cr‐release assay, because some cells demonstrate resistance to CD4‐mediated lysis in the 51Cr‐release assay. Apoptosis becomes manifest after 2 to 4 h of incubation preceding the disintegration of the target cells which is detectable between 12 and 24 h as measured by the 51Cr‐release assay. Unstimulated B cells, which are not killed, but function as APC, do not undergo apoptosis, whereas lipopolysaccharide or anti‐μ‐activated B cell blasts show apoptosis and are efficiently lysed. Several CD4+ Th2‐type cells tested, which did not demonstrate killing of APC as measured by the 51Cr‐release assay, are unable to mediate programmed cell death of appropriate APC. Actinomycin D or cycloheximide, inhibitors of transcription and translation, respectively, fail to prevent apoptosis of APC excluding the involvement of newly synthesized soluble products as mediators of killing. Pretreatment of CD4+ CTL, but not of APC with 4,4′‐diisothiocyanato‐stilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid, a specific inhibitor of the anion transport, efficiently prevents apoptosis of APC, although the secretion of interleukins is not affected. We propose, that upon contact of the CD4+ CTL with APC, molecules of yet undefined nature are activated and released in a polar fashion at the contact site and induce the endogenous pathway of programmed cell death.
Personnel Management: The End of Orthodoxy?

Within the broad field of British industrial relations, personnel/human resource management grew significantly as a focus of conceptual and empirical analysis during the 1980s. This paper reviews the central features of this development and considers the prospects and priorities for future research. It argues that human resource management now represents a new orthodoxy within the general subject area, partly replacing the traditional Donovan framework. Research exploring the application of human resource management is reviewed. This reveals that only modest innovation has occurred, often with little evidence of positive outcomes. Seeking an explanation for this limited impact, attention is focused on the nature and effectiveness of personnel management. The reasons why there might be a ‘problem’ of personnel management are considered. Finally, the sustainability of the new orthodoxy is called into question.
Changing Viral Tropism Using Immunoliposomes Alters the Stability of Gene Expression: Implications for Viral Vector Design

Many strategies for redirecting the tropism of murine Moloney leukemia virus (MMLV) have been described. Preformed virion-liposome complexes, termed virosomes, have been reported to be relatively stable. Virosomes mediate envelope-independent transduction that allows efficient superinfection of resistant cell lines; however, virosome-mediated transduction behaves in a non-target-specific manner. We developed a novel method using antibodies to direct MMLV to vascular endothelium. We have given the term immunovirosomes to the complexes formed between viruses, liposomes, and antibodies. These immunovirosomes improve the transduction efficiency of the viruses and alter their tropism. We have shown improved transduction when immunovirosomes were targeted at the endocytic receptors CD71 and CD62E/P and rather less good delivery when targeted at CD106. The enhancement of the transduction efficiency was transient, however, suggesting that rerouting the entry pathway of viruses alters the expression properties of the viruses.
Optimization for Reduction of Torque Ripple in an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine

This paper presents an axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine with an internal coreless stator and twin external permanent magnet (PM) rotors, based on the finite-element method (FEM) by robust design, call Taguchi method to the optimum design for minimum the torque ripple and maximum the ratio between torque ripple and average torque. The optimization is realized by analyses and simulations with finite-element analysis (FEA). The design optimization process is described and the results are presented in this paper.
Well-Being, Insecurity and the Decline of American Job Satisfaction

The paper studies job satisfaction and stress levels in the advanced nations. There are seven main findings. First, the great majority of workers in the industrial democracies appear to be remarkably content with their jobs. The old Dickensian idea that work subjugates people is apparently not supported by the data. Second, job satisfaction appears to be gently trending down over time in the United States (among the over-30s, from approximately 56% very satisfied in the 1970s to 48% by the mid-1990s). Third, we show that this fall is not explained by the decline of unions, nor by, as we document, the existence of a slowly growing jobinsecurity in the US. Fourth, the cross-section patterns in job satisfaction are similar from one nation to another. Reported well-being is higher among women, the self-employed, the young and the old (not the middle-aged), supervisors, and particularly those with secure jobs. Fifth, after controlling for personal characteristics, we produce a ranking of job satisfaction across nations. Ireland is top. Sixth, workers across the European Union say that compared with five years earlier they are under much increased stress and pressure at work. Seventh, when a standard mental stress measure is used to examine workers’ well-being across 15 nations, Ireland and Sweden emerge as the least-stressed countries, and Italy, France and Spain appear the most-stressed.
Independent Directors and Shared Board Control in Venture Finance

Abstract In most startup firms neither the entrepreneurs nor the investors control the board. Instead control is typically shared with a mutually appointed independent director holding the tie-breaking seat. Contract theory, which treats control as an indivisible right held by one party, does not have a good explanation for this practice. Using a bargaining game similar to final offer arbitration, I show that an independent director as tiebreaker can reduce holdup by moderating each party’s ex post threat position, potentially expanding the range of firms which receive external financing. This project contributes to the literature on incomplete contracting and holdup and improves our understanding of governance arrangements in startup firms.
Therapeutic action of methixene hydrochloride on Parkinsonian tremor and a description of a new tremor-recording transducer.

No safe drug has yet been found to suppress Parkinsonian tremor. Consequently, the search for an effective therapeutic agent in this condition continues. Intravenous methixene, a thiaxanthen derivative (Tremonil; Wander), was said to suppress extrapyramidal tremor (Gozzano & Millefiorini, 1962) following an uncontrolled therapeutic study of this drug using electromyographic methods for assessment of tremor. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a double-blind controlled therapeutic trial of intravenous methixene for suppression of tremor in Parkinsonian patients and to describe a new type of transducer, the L.G. I. (Leeds General Infirmary) transducer used for measuring the amplitude of tremor. Apparatus for recording tremor The purpose of the apparatus is to provide an objective measure of tremor. Previous authors, for example Wachs & Boshes (1961) and Marshall & Walsh (1956), have suggested the recording of accelerations and of unidirectional components of tremor: however significant these may be in special studies of " physiological tremor" it was felt that they did not adequately represent the compound Parkinsonian tremor. Accordingly, it was thought desirable instead to measure the total resultant amplitude of displacement of the limb or part of the limb, regardless of the direction of oscillation. A basic requirement of any measuring apparatus is that the disturbance it causes in the measured function should be minimal. Transducers imposing large constraints on the limb, such as piezo-crystal devices, were therefore rejected; instead it was thought that the type of device commonly known as an accelerometer, which is attached to the limb and moves freely with it, but which by no means necessarily measures acceleration,
Was Adam Smith Right? Evidence of Compensating Differential in CEO Pay

This paper estimates the compensating differential in CEO pay for the increasing risk of dismissal using contracted severance pay eligibility of the CEO as the main instrument. US CEOs receive a 3 per cent premium in pay for each percentage point increase in the risk of dismissal. In pointing to the dismissal risk as a determinant of CEO pay, these findings contribute to the debate on the recent growth in CEO pay and the potential impacts of governance reforms.
The Influence of Dynamic Pricing on Consumers’ Electricity Saving Behaviors: Evidences From the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company’s (BGE) Pilot Program

In 2008, a Northeast Regional Electric Company initiated the “Smart Energy Pricing (SEP)” pilot program to solicit consumers’ demand responsiveness toward different pricing mechanisms. Two dynamic pricing mechanisms are tested: 1) the dynamic peak pricing (DPP), where the price is raised during the peak hours and lowered during the off-peak hours of a day, with the price further raised to almost eight times higher during the peak hours in critical days; 2) the peak time rebate (PTR), where consumer can earn a rebate in peak hours on critical days if they reduced their consumption below their typical usage during these hours, which including a relative low rebate treatment (PTRL) that sets the rebate at 9 times greater than the flat rate and a relative high rebate treatment (PTRH) that sets the rebate almost 13 times greater than the flat rate. BGE called 12 critical days during the summer of 2008. The hours between 2 pm through 7 pm on non-holiday weekdays were designated as the peak period and all the remaining hours were designated as the off-peak period. All the participants in the pilot experiments were notified the critical days in advance. Table 1 summarizes the electricity rates for different pricing mechanisms under both critical and non-critical days.
Markets as Regulators: A Survey

In this paper we explore the allocation of regulatory responsibilities to market infrastructure institutions, administrative agencies and central government entities in the eight most influential jurisdictions for securities regulation in the world. After reviewing the academic literature on the role of self-regulatory organizations in the oversight of modern stock exchanges, we report the results of a survey of the allocation of regulatory powers in a sample of eight key jurisdictions. In that survey, we examine the allocation of such powers in three levels: rulemaking, monitoring of compliance with these rules, and enforcement of rules violations. Based on our findings, we categorize these jurisdictions in three distinct models of allocation of regulatory powers: a Government-led Model, that preserves significant authority for central government control over securities markets regulation albeit with a relatively limited enforcement apparatus (France, Germany, Japan); a Flexibility Model, that grants significant leeway to market participants in performing their regulatory obligations but relies on government agencies to set general policies and maintain some enforcement capacity (UK, Hong Kong, Australia); and a Cooperation Model that assigns a broad range of power to market participants in almost all aspects of securities regulation but also maintains strong and overlapping oversight of market activity through well-endowed governmental agencies with more robust enforcement traditions (US, Canada).
Important role of ammonia on haze formation in Shanghai

A haze episode occurred on 12 September 2009 in Shanghai, when the mass ratio of PM1.0/PM2.5 (PM: particulate matter) reached 0.8. A similar variation of hygroscopic growth factor distribution was observed for Aitken mode particles and accumulation mode particles, implying that the enhancement of fine particles was caused by local atmospheric processing. The hygroscopicity measurements in combination with chemical analysis provided strong support for the significant contribution of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 to the haze episode. The molar ratio of [NH4 + ]/([NO3 − ] + 2[SO42 − ]) rose up to 0.96, coincident with the large increase in NH3 concentration, suggesting that the available NH3 played a vital role in the enhancement of particulate sulfate and nitrate during the haze episode.
Poverty and Inequality Impact Analysis Regarding Cotton Subsidies: A Mali-Based CGE Micro-Accounting Approach

In this paper, we construct for Mali the first country-specific CGE model including a micro-simulation component so as to analyse how removing cotton subsidies in developed countries would impact poverty and inequality. To that effect, we have used the micro-accounting approach proposed by Chen and Ravallion. The issue has attracted significant attention, as it has played no small part in stalling the broader trade agenda. So far, research has been mainly carried out with a partial equilibrium analysis, whereas we use the first CGE micro-simulation model. A 17 sector CGE model comprising almost 5,000 households is used to demonstrate that removing cotton subsidies would contribute towards a significant decrease in poverty in Mali. Moreover, our results show that removing cotton subsidies while keeping other agricultural subsidies does not lessen the positive effects observed. It also appears that removing subsidies would marginally contribute towards easing inequality in Mali. Copyright 2007 The author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for the Study of African Economies. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
AGE‐RELATED CHANGES IN CEREBRAL AND PERIPHERAL MONOAMINE CONTENTS IN STROKE‐PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

1. We examined monoamine contents in various regions of the brain and catecholamine contents in the heart and the adrenal gland of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats aged 1.5, 3 and 6 months.
Forecasting Surrender Rates Using Elliptical Copulas and Financial Variables

A multistage stochastic model to forecast surrender rates for life insurance and pension plans is proposed. Surrender rates are forecasted by means of Monte Carlo simulation after a sequence of GLM, ARMA-GARCH, and copula fitting is executed. The model is illustrated by applying it to age-specific time series of surrender rates derived from pension plans with annuity payments of a Brazilian insurer. In the GLM process, the only macroeconomic variable used as an explanatory variable is the Brazilian real short-term interest rate. The advantage of such a variable is that we can take future market expectation through the current term structure of interest rates. The GLM residuals of each age/gender group are then modeled by ARMA-GARCH processes to generate i.i. d. residuals. The dependence among these residuals is then modeled by multivariate Gaussian and Student's t copulas. To produce a conditional forecast on a stock market index, in our application we used the residuals of an ARMA-GARCH model fitted to the Brazilian stock market index (Ibovespa) returns, which generates one of the marginal distributions used in the dependence modeling through copulas. This strategy is adopted to explain the high and uncommon surrender rates observed during the recent economic crisis. After applying known simulation methods for elliptical copulas, we proceeded backwards to obtain the forecasted distributions of surrender rates by application, in the sequel, of ARMA-GARCH and GLM models. Additionally, our approach produced an algorithm able to simulate multivariate elliptical copulas conditioned on a marginal distribution. Using this algorithm, surrender rates can be simulated conditioned on stock index residuals (in our case, the residuals of the Ibovespa returns), which allows insurers and pension funds to simulate future surrender rates assuming a financial stress scenario with no need to predict the stock market index.