Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting by risk profile: role of netupitant/ palonosetron

: As recommended by most recent antiemetic guidelines, the optimal prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) requires the combination of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (RA) with an NK1-RA. Moreover, the major predictors of acute and delayed CINV include: young age, female sex, platinum- or anthracycline-based chemotherapy, nondrinker status, emesis in the earlier cycles of chemotherapy, and previous history of motion/morning sickness. Despite improved knowledge of the pathophysiology of CINV and advances in the availability of active antiemetics, an inconsistent compliance with their use has been reported, thereby resulting in suboptimal control of CINV in several cases. In this scenario, a new antiemetic drug is now available, which seems to be able to guarantee better prophylaxis of CINV and improvement of adherence to guidelines. In fact, netupitant/palonosetron (NEPA) is a ready-to-use single oral capsule, combining an NK1-RA (netupitant) and a 5-HT3-RA (palonosetron), which is to be taken 1 hour before the administration of chemotherapy, ensuring the coverage from CINV for 5 days. We reviewed the role of NEPA in patients at high risk of CINV receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. In these patients, NEPA plus dexamethasone, as compared to standard treatments, achieved superior efficacy in all primary and secondary end points during the acute, delayed, and overall phases, including nausea assessment. Moreover, these results were also achieved in female patients receiving anthracycline plus cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. NEPA represents a real step forward in the prophylaxis of CINV.
Peripheral infrastructure vectors and an extended set of plant parts for the modular cloning system

Standardized DNA assembly strategies facilitate the generation of multigene constructs from collections of building blocks in plant synthetic biology. A common syntax for hierarchical DNA assembly following the Golden Gate principle employing Type IIs restriction endonucleases was recently developed, and underlies the Modular Cloning and GoldenBraid systems. In these systems, transcriptional units and/or multigene constructs are assembled from libraries of standardized building blocks, also referred to as phytobricks, in several hierarchical levels and by iterative Golden Gate reactions. This combinatorial assembly strategy meets the increasingly complex demands in biotechnology and bioengineering, and also represents a cost-efficient and versatile alternative to previous molecular cloning techniques. For Modular Cloning, a collection of commonly used Plant Parts was previously released together with the Modular Cloning toolkit itself, which largely facilitated the adoption of this cloning system in the research community. Here, a collection of approximately 80 additional phytobricks is provided. These phytobricks comprise e.g. modules for inducible expression systems, different promoters or epitope tags, which will increase the versatility of Modular Cloning-based DNA assemblies. Furthermore, first instances of a “peripheral infrastructure” around Modular Cloning are presented: While available toolkits are designed for the assembly of plant transformation constructs, vectors were created to also use coding sequence-containing phytobricks directly in yeast two hybrid interaction or bacterial infection assays. Additionally, DNA modules and assembly strategies for connecting Modular Cloning with Gateway Cloning are presented, which may serve as an interface between available resources and newly adopted hierarchical assembly strategies. The presented material will be provided as a toolkit to the plant research community and will further enhance the usefulness and versatility of Modular Cloning.
Improving logarithmic derivative lookups using GKR

In this informal note, we instantiate the Goldwasser-Kalai-Rothblum (GKR) protocol to prove fractional sumchecks as present in lookup arguments based on logarithmic derivatives, with the following impact on the prover cost of [Hab22]: When looking up M ≥ 1 columns in a (for the sake of simplicity) single column table, the prover has to commit only to a single extra column, i
Cell-Tak Coating Interferes With DNA-Based Normalization of Metabolic Flux Data

Summary Metabolic flux investigations of cells and tissue samples are a rapidly advancing tool in diverse research areas. Reliable methods of data normalization are crucial for an adequate interpretation of results and to avoid a misinterpretation of experiments and incorrect conclusions. The most common methods for metabolic flux data normalization are to cell number, DNA and protein. Data normalization may be affected by a variety of factors, such as density, healthy state, adherence efficiency, or proportional seeding of cells. The mussel-derived adhesive Cell-Tak is often used to immobilize poorly adherent cells. Here we demonstrate that this coating strongly affects the fluorescent detection of DNA leading to an incorrect and highly variable normalization of metabolic flux data. Protein assays are much less affected and cell counting can virtually completely remove the effect of the coating. Cell-Tak coating also affects cell shape in a cell line-specific manner and may change cellular metabolism. Based on these observations we recommend cell counting as a gold standard normalization method for Seahorse metabolic flux measurements with protein content as a reasonable alternative.
Implicit Extrapolation

In this paper, we document implicit extrapolation in an individual’s investment decisionmaking that exceeds extrapolation in her stated forecasted returns. Perceived past returns predict individual real estate investment decisions even conditional on an individual’s forecasted distribution of home-price growth. Moreover, the total effect of past returns on investment is twice as large when allowing for a direct effect of past returns. We demonstrate that heterogenous confidence in their own forecasts helps explain why many retail investors rely on past returns over their survey-elicited forecasts when making investment decisions. Survey respondents that rely on past returns more than their surveyed forecasts frequently cite a lack of confidence in other belief factors or extrapolation as their rationale. We conclude that incorporating additional belief factors would help expectation analysts more fully characterize the scope of the beliefs channel of investment demand.
Linking With External Covariates: Examining Accuracy by Anchor Type, Test Length, Ability Difference, and Sample Size

Research has recently demonstrated the use of multiple anchor tests and external covariates to supplement or substitute for common anchor items when linking and equating with nonequivalent groups. This study examines the conditions under which external covariates improve linking and equating accuracy, with internal and external anchor tests of varying lengths and groups of differing abilities. Pseudo forms of a state science test were equated within a resampling study where sample size ranged from 1,000 to 10,000 examinees and anchor tests ranged in length from eight to 20 items, with reading and math scores included as covariates. Frequency estimation linking with an anchor test and external covariate was found to produce the most accurate results under the majority of conditions studied. Practical applications of linking with anchor tests and covariates are discussed.
Potential Use of Contraception for Managing Wildlife Pests in Australia

There is an increasing level of interest in contraception to manage wildlife pests in Australia, due mainly to concerns over high recurrent costs, animal welfare, and the failure of current control techniques to prevent damage in some instances. We have developed criteria that need to be met for contraception to be successful for pest control: . Technology exists to reduce fertility A n effective delivery mechanism to treat wild animals exists. The end result of reduced animal damage is achieved. Effects are humane and nontoxic. Product is target specific, cost effective, and environmentally acceptable.
Machine-Learning-based User Behavior Classification for Improving Security Awareness Provision

—Users of information technology are regarded as essential components of information security. Users’ lack of cybersecurity awareness can result in external and internal security attacks and threats in any organization that has several users or employees. Although various security methods have been designed to protect organizations from external intrusions and attacks, the human factor is also essential because security risks by “insiders” can occur due to a lack of awareness. Therefore, instead of general nontargeted security training, comprehensive cybersecurity awareness should be provided based on employees’ online behavior. This study seeks to provide a machine-learning-based model that provides user behavior analysis in which organizations can profile their employees by analyzing their online behavior to classify them into different classes and, thus, help provide them with appropriate awareness sessions and training. The model proposed in this paper will be evaluated and assessed through its implementation on a sample dataset that reflects users’ online activities over a specific period to measure the model’s accuracy and effectiveness. A comparison between six classification techniques has been made, and random forest classification had the best performance regarding classification accuracy and performance time. After users are classified, each group can be provided with the appropriate training material. This study will stimulate additional research in this area, which has not been widely investigated, and it will provide a useful point of reference for other studies. Additionally, it should provide insightful information to help decision-makers in organizations provide necessary and effective security awareness.
Tectonic styles, reevaluation of plays in southeastern France

Two major onshore sedimentary basins of Mesozoic age in France, the Paris and Aquitaine basins, have been intensively explored for about 40 years and contain a significant amount of hydrocarbons which presently still accounts for 4% of oil and 10% of gas for French domestic needs. Nevertheless, other Mesozoic basins are also present in the southeastern part of France, in front of the Alpine and Provincial Tertiary thrust belts. The level of activity here is presently very low, as the first phases of exploration in the 1950s to 1970s have been rather disappointing. In order to attract new players in these frontier area the French public authorities have decided to slightly modify the policy of license attributions. Among other aspects the new policy will include: (1) a simplification of the investigation procedure related to exploration licenses by suppression of the initial public inquiry; (2) an improvement of the transparency during the awarding of mining rights, by indicating the criteria that will be required for the selecting of the petitioner; and (3) a relaxing of regulations. The paper describes the geology of S.E. France, early exploration, seismic surveys, the Jura thrust belt, Bresse basin, the Vercors-Chartreuse, Southeast basin, and Carbieres zone.
The Paleozoic Central Patagonian Igneous Metamorphic Belt : its geodynamic 2 and tectonic interpretation based on Paleogeographic reconstructions 3

In the southwestern margin of the North Patagonian Massif there is a NW25 SE belt of igneous and metamorphic rocks defining a limit between the North 26 Patagonian Massif and southern Patagonia (including the Deseado Massif), named the 27 Central Patagonian Igneous Metamorphic Belt (CPIMB). The objective of this paper is 28 to better understand the geodynamic and tectonic processes that generated its rocks 29 and structures. More specifically, explanations are offered for different questions: 1) the 30 aforementioned belt corresponds to a collisional or accretionary orogen? 2) during 31 which geological event it was built? 3) how was the South American plate driftting 32 during that process? 4) why the foliation of the rocks of one of its localities presents a 33 different structural attitude than others? To answer these questions, paleogeographic 34 reconstructions were performed based on paleomagnetic data ranging from ca.415 Ma 35 to ca.305 Ma. Through these reconstructions and considering the middle and upper 36 Paleozoic rocks located in a central area of this deformational belt (the Taquetrén 37 range) and the geological background of several authors, it was possible to separate 38 the processes involved in two tectonic cycles: the Chanic (late Devonian) and the 39 Gondwanan (Carboniferous-Permian) events. The CPIMB presents rocks from an 40 ancient orogen that was built mainly during the Chanic event. In the Taquetrén range 41 the orogenic process would extend between approximately 400 Ma and about 360 Ma. 42 Based on the data of this area, the Chanic orogen collapsed between about 360 Ma 43 and about 330 Ma as the result of an abrupt change in the movement of South America 44 along with all the other continents that constituted Gondwana. From a global 45 geodynamic perspective, it is known that Pangea formed on a mantle super46 downwelling, where subduction zones surrounded this supercontinent. This caused 47 magmatic processes in its margins and, in the Taquetrén range, triggered a plutonic 48 emplacement in the old structures of the previous metamorphic rocks of the orogen at 49
Overwash threshold experiment for gravel barriers

Field measurements of overwash effects, associated physical forcing, and determination of threshold conditions, are much less common for gravel than for sandy barriers (e.g., field measurements by Lorang, 2002; Bradbury et al., 2005; and laboratory studies by Obhrai et al., 2008). In order to define overwash thresholds for gravel there is a need for measurements under a variety of forcing conditions that include waves, tides and surges. Flume experiments allow the manipulation of physical forcing and can make a valuable contribution to improve the understanding and prediction of overwash. To study gravel barrier overwash processes, BARDEX proto-type scale laboratory experiment was undertaken in the Delta flume (Williams et al., 2009). A 4 m high, 50 m wide gravel barrier composed of sediments with D50 = 10 mm was emplaced in the flume and subjected to a range of water levels, wave heights and wave periods. Barrier morphology was surveyed before and after each run. Two situations were simulated: overwashing and overtopping. Following Orford and Carter (1982) terminology, the distinction between overtopping and overwash was based on the type of morphological change over the barrier crest. Overtopping causes vertical accretion at the crest, whereas overwashing promotes the formation of washover deposits landwards from the crest. Ten overwash experiments were conducted (divided in 63 runs), and overtopping was recorded in 22 runs and overwash in 20 runs. In other runs, only the beach face was reworked by waves. In a systematic series of tests water levels were varied between 3.00 m and 3.75 m (in steps of 0.125 m); wave height was varied between 0.8 m and 1.3 m (in steps of 0.05 or 0.1 m); and wave periods of 4.5, 6, 7 and 8 seconds were used. These hydrodynamic conditions were used to compute wave run-up using several well-known formulae (cf., Powell, 1990; Stockdon et al., 2007). Comparison between run-up estimations and the barrier crest elevation prior to wave action show those formulas underestimate the run-up limit. The discrepancy, which can reach almost 1m, is attributed to several causes, including: (1) scale effects of the prototype; (2) applicability of most run-up formulae only to sandy barriers and beaches; and (3) important, infrequent (<1%) extreme waves that are not included in the formulae. In coastal hazards studies, overwash is inferred from the relation between wave run-up and the barrier crest height. This study shows that storm hazard forecast may fail to predict overwash occurrence for gravel barriers environments because run-up estimative by existing formulae fail to capture extreme events and other approaches are thus needed.
Predictions under uncertainty: Fish assemblages and food webs on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland

Six broad zoogeographic areas on the Grand Bank, each characterized by a relatively homogeneous and persistent species composition, are identified, described, and mapped. The contours of these areas consistently recurred around the same geographic positions year after year (1971-82, 1984-87) and were found to be strongly aligned with bottom depth and oceanographic circulation on the Bank. Consideration of their overall biological coherence led to the reformulation of the original six areas into four major regions that are suggested to define an appropriate scale for studies at the community level on the Grand Bank. Within the two major zoogeographic regions, Southern and Northeastern, there is a complex network of feeding interactions whose major year-round features have been summarized in the form of stereotyped community food webs. On average, the Grand Bank food chains are short, as is the case in other marine food webs, but they exhibit an uncommon degree of omnivory. Examination of diet overlap of predators on the Grand Bank suggests that body size is the most important structuring factor of niche space. Press perturbations, a modeling exercise in which individuals of a given species are continuously removed from the community, are used to investigate the consequences of two major sources of uncertainty (uncertainty about model structure and about parameter values) that plague attempts to make predictions about long term changes in species abundance. It is shown that long term predictions are highly sensitive to details of interactions in community models and therefore community dynamics must be, to a large extent, indeterminate over time.
Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: current perspectives

: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a unique morphological appearance, associated coagulopathy and canonical balanced translocation of genetic material between chromosomes 15 and 17. APL was first described as a distinct subtype of AML in 1957 by Dr Leif Hillestad who recognized the pattern of an acute leukemia associated with fibrinolysis, hypofibrinogenemia and catastrophic hemorrhage. In the intervening years, the characteristic morphology of APL has been described fully with both classical hypergranular and variant microgranular forms. Both are characterized by a balanced translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 15 and 17, [t(15;17)(q24;q21)], giving rise to a unique fusion gene PML-RARA and an abnormal chimeric transcription factor (PML-RARA), which disrupts normal myeloid differentiation programs. The success of current treatments for APL is in marked contrast to the vast majority of patients with non-promyelocytic AML. The overall prognosis in non-promyelocytic AML is poor, and although there has been an improvement in overall survival in patients aged , 60 years, only 30%–40% of younger patients are still alive 5 years after diagnosis. APL therapy has diverged from standard AML therapy through the empirical discovery of two agents that directly target the molecular basis of the disease. The evolution of treatment over the last 4 decades to include all- trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, with chemotherapy limited to patients with high-risk disease, has led to complete remission in 90%–100% of patients in trials and rates of overall survival between 86% and 97%.
Dissection of zebrafish shha function using site-specific targeting with a Cre-dependent genetic switch

Despite the extensive use of zebrafish as a model organism in developmental biology and regeneration research, genetic techniques enabling conditional analysis of gene function are limited. In this study, we generated Zwitch, a Cre-dependent invertible gene-trap cassette, enabling the establishment of conditional alleles in zebrafish by generating intronic insertions via in vivo homologous recombination. To demonstrate the utility of Zwitch, we generated a conditional sonic hedgehog a (shha) allele. Homozygous shha mutants developed normally; however, shha mutant embryos globally expressing Cre exhibited strong reductions in endogenous shha and shha target gene mRNA levels and developmental defects associated with null shha mutations. Analyzing a conditional shha mutant generated using an epicardium-specific inducible Cre driver revealed unique roles for epicardium-derived Shha in myocardial proliferation during heart development and regeneration. Zwitch will extend the utility of zebrafish in organ development and regeneration research and might be applicable to other model organisms. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.24635. 001
Evolution-guided functional analyses reveal diverse antiviral specificities encoded by IFIT1 genes in mammals

IFIT (interferon-induced with tetratricopeptide repeats) proteins are critical mediators of mammalian innate antiviral immunity. Mouse IFIT1 selectively inhibits viruses that lack 2'O-methylation of their mRNA 5' caps. Surprisingly, human IFIT1 does not share this antiviral specificity. Here, we resolve this discrepancy by demonstrating that human and mouse IFIT1 have evolved distinct functions using a combination of evolutionary, genetic and virological analyses. First, we show that human IFIT1 and mouse IFIT1 (renamed IFIT1B) are not orthologs, but are paralogs that diverged >100 mya. Second, using a yeast genetic assay, we show that IFIT1 and IFIT1B proteins differ in their ability to be suppressed by a cap 2'O-methyltransferase. Finally, we demonstrate that IFIT1 and IFIT1B have divergent antiviral specificities, including the discovery that only IFIT1 proteins inhibit a virus encoding a cap 2'O-methyltransferase. These functional data, combined with widespread turnover of mammalian IFIT genes, reveal dramatic species-specific differences in IFIT-mediated antiviral repertoires. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.14228. 001
Managing Economic Volatility and Crises

Economic volatility has come into its own after being treated for decades as a secondary phenomenon in the business cycle literature. This evolution has been driven by the recognition that non-linearities, long buried by the economist's penchant for linearity, magnify the negative effects of volatility on long-run growth and inequality, especially in poor countries. This collection organizes empirical and policy results for economists and development policy practitioners into four parts: basic features, including the impact of volatility on growth and poverty; commodity price volatility; the financial sector's dual role as an absorber and amplifier of shocks; and the management and prevention of macroeconomic crises. The latter section includes a cross-country study, case studies on Argentina and Russia, and lessons from the debt default episodes of the 1980s and 1990s.