Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lyman-α as a tracer of cosmic reionization in the SPHINX radiation-hydrodynamics cosmological simulation

The Ly 𝛼 emission line is one of the most promising probes of cosmic reionisation but isolating the signature of a change in the ionisation state of the IGM is challenging because of intrinsic evolution and internal radiation transfer eﬀects. We present the ﬁrst study of the evolution of Ly 𝛼 emitters (LAE) during the epoch of reionisation based on a full radiation-hydrodynamics cosmological simulation that is able to capture both the large-scale process of reionisation and the small-scale properties of galaxies. We predict the Ly 𝛼 emission of galaxies in the 10 3 cMpc 3 sphinx simulation at 6 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 9 by computing the full Ly 𝛼 radiation transfer from ISM to IGM scales. sphinx is able to reproduce many observational constraints such as the UV/Ly 𝛼 luminosity functions and stellar mass functions at z (cid:38) 6 for the dynamical range probed by our simulation ( 𝑀 1500 (cid:38) − 18, 𝐿 Ly 𝛼 (cid:46) 10 42 erg s − 1 , 𝑀 ★ (cid:46) 10 9 M (cid:12) ). As intrinsic Ly 𝛼 emission and internal Ly 𝛼 escape fractions barely evolve from 𝑧 = 6 to 9, the observed suppression of Ly 𝛼 luminosities with increasing redshift is fully attributed to IGM absorption. For most observable galaxies ( 𝑀 1500 (cid:46) − 16), the Ly 𝛼 line proﬁles are slightly shifted to the red due to internal radiative transfer eﬀects which mitigates the eﬀect of IGM absorption. Overall, the enhanced Ly 𝛼 suppression during reionisation traces the IGM neutral fraction 𝑥 HI well but the predicted amplitude of this reduction is a strong function of the Ly 𝛼 peak shift, which is set at ISM/CGM scales. We ﬁnd that a large number of LAEs could be detectable in very deep surveys during reionisation when 𝑥 HI is still ≈ 50%.
The social network structure of a dynamic group of dairy cows: from individual to group level 1 patterns 2

Social relationships have been shown to significantly impact individual and group success in wild 23 animal populations, but are largely ignored in farm animal management. There are substantial gaps in 24 our knowledge of how farm animals respond to their social environment, which varies greatly 25 between farms but is commonly unstable due to regrouping. Fundamental to addressing these gaps is 26 an understanding of the social network structure resulting from the patterning of relationships between 27 individuals in a group. Here, we investigated the social structure of a group of 110 lactating dairy 28 cows during four one-month periods. Spatial proximity loggers collected data on associations between 29 cows, allowing us to construct social networks. First we demonstrate that proximity loggers can be 30 used to measure relationships between cows; proximity data was significantly positively correlated to 31 affiliative interactions but had no relationship with agonistic interactions. We measured group-level 32 patterns by testing for community structure, centralisation and repeatability of network structure over 33 time. We explored individual-level patterns by measuring social differentiation (heterogeneity of 34 social associations) and assortment of cows in the network by lactation number, breed, gregariousness 35 and milk production. There was no evidence that cows were subdivided into social communities; 36 individuals belonged to a single cluster and networks showed significant centralisation. Repeatability 37 of the social network was low, which may have consequences for animal welfare. Individuals formed 38 differentiated social relationships and there was evidence of positive assortment by traits; cows 39 associated more with conspecifics of similar lactation number in all study periods. There was also 40 positive assortment by breed, gregariousness and milk production in some study periods. There is 41 growing interest in the farming industry in the impact of social factors on production and welfare; this 42 study takes an important step towards understanding social dynamics. 43
Pengendalian Kualitas Proses Produksi Hasil Gula Kristal Putih di Pabrik Gula Djatiroto PT Perkebunan Nusantara XI Menggunakan Diagram Kontrol Maximum Multivariate Cumulative Sum (Max-MCUSUM) Berbasis Residual Model Multioutput Least Square Support Vector Regression (MLS-SVR)

Abstrak—Gula yang merupakan bahan dasar pokok digunakan masyarakat sebagai pemanis dan juga pengawet makanan. Salah satu perusahaan agribisnis yang bergerak fokus pada produksi gula yaitu PT Perkebunan Nusantara XI (PTPN XI). Gula kristal putih adalah gula tebu atau bit yang melalui proses kristalisasi yang digunakan untuk konsumsi rumah tangga yang telah dijelaskan peraturan SNI 3140.3:2010. Pabrik Gula Djatiroto merupakan salah satu dari enam belas pabrik gula yang berada dibawah PTPN XI. Pada penelitian ini karakteristik kualitas yang digunakan yaitu warna larutan, besar jenis butir, dan kadar air yang masing-masing karakteristik kualitas memiliki hubungan. Hubungan pada ketiga variabel menunjukkan adanya kasus autokorelasi. Adanya autokorelasi menyebabkan false alarm dan mendapatkan pengambilan keputusan yang tidak tepat. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu dengan model algoritma Multioutput Least Square Support Vector Regression (MLS-SVR) untuk mengatasi data berautokorelasi dan dilakukan pengendalian menggunakan diagram kontrol Max-MCUSUM. Input model MLS-SVR ditentukan berdasarkan lag yang signifikan dari plot PACF, dimana pada penelitian ini pada karakteristik kualitas warna larutan signifikan pada lag-1, 2, 11, dan 23, karakteristik kualitas besar jenis butir signifikan pada lag-1, 2, 3, dan 28, serta karakteristik kualitas kadar air signifikan pada lag-27. Hasil input model MLS-SVR dan kombinasi hyper-parameter optimal menghasilkan nilai residual yang dapat mengurangi autokorelasi. Nilai residual digunakan pada pembuatan diagram kontrol Max-MCUSUM. Pada fase I dengan k = 0,5 didapatkan diagram terkendali secara statistik setelah diatasi, dan pada fase II dengan menggunakan k yang sama menunjukkan tidak terdapat titik-titik yang keluar batas kontrol. Hasil identifikasi variabel penyebab out of control didapatkan variabel warna larutan dan besar jenis butir yang memiliki faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya out of control. Hasil kapabilitas proses telah kapabel dan kinerja proses sudah baik secara multivariat.
Low‐complexity adaptive tracking control of MIMO nonlinear systems with unknown control directions

This paper is concerned with the tracking control problem for a class of multiple‐input–multiple‐output systems with unmatched disturbances and the unknown additive and multiplicative nonlinearities. The objective is to provide a low‐complexity control solution in the sense that (i) approximating structures are not involved, despite unknown nonlinearities and (ii) iterative calculations of command derivatives are avoided in the backstepping design. A robust adaptive control strategy is proposed to fulfill the task. In the control design, a new‐type adaptive law is first developed to update Nussbaum gains to handle control direction uncertainties, while ensuring Nussbaum gains bounded. Then, the potential robustness of error constraint techniques is exploited to counteract the effects of unknown nonlinearities and disturbances and achieve predefined transient and steady‐state tracking performance. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the above theoretical findings.
A Model for Quantitative Evaluation of an End-to-End Question-Answering System

interactive question-answering systems and illustrate it with application to the High-Quality Interactive QuestionAnswering (HITIQA) system. Our objectives were (a) to design a method to realistically and reliably assess interactive question-answering systems by comparing the quality of reports produced using different systems, (b) to conduct a pilot test of this method, and (c) to perform a formative evaluation of the HITIQA system. Far more important than the specific information gathered from this pilot evaluation is the development of (a) a protocol for evaluating an emerging technology, (b) reusable assessment instruments, and (c) the knowledge gained in conducting the evaluation. We conclude that this method, which uses a surprisingly small number of subjects and does not rely on predetermined relevance judgments, measures the impact of system change on work produced by users. Therefore this method can be used to compare the product of interactive systems that use different underlying technologies.
University of Birmingham School readiness in Children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities

Background : There is an urgent need to accelerate the detection of special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). A recent brief questionnaire designed for teachers and nursery staff, the Brief Early Skills and Support Index (BESSI) shows promising psychometric properties (Reference Masked), but has yet to be evaluated as a tool for detecting children who may have SEND. Aims: Addressing this gap, the current study aimed to assess whether BESSI scores: (i) show measurement invariance across SEND status; (ii) show unique associations with SEND status; and (iii) are sensitive and specific to SEND status. Sample: 84 teachers and nursery staff completed BESSI ratings for 2106 British children aged 2.5 to 5.5 years (48.9% male, 20% ethnic minority, 9.3% with a statement of SEND). Method: We applied multi-level confirmatory factor analyses, regression analyses and ROC analyses to examine each of the study questions, using the BESSI subscales (behavioral adjustment, language and cognition, daily living skills and family support) as dependent variables. Results: The four BESSI subscales were reliable and showed measurement invariance across SEND status. Over and above effects of age, gender, family income, ethnicity and family size, SEND status predicted substantial unique variance in BESSI scores. ROC analyses showed that in detecting children identified as having SEND, a cut-off score of 8.50 on the BESSI total score produced good levels of sensitivity and specificity; gender-specific analyses indicated a lower cut-off score of 6.50 for girls. Conclusion: The BESSI appears to be a useful tool in screening children for more detailed assessment of SEND.
Community-Based Groundwater Management in Andhra Pradesh, India

I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . III TABLE OF CONTENTS . IV LIST OF FIGURES . VIII LIST OF TABLES . X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . XI 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 THE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE . 2 1.2 RATIONAL FOR RESEARCH . 3 1.3 SCOPE AND PARTICIPANTS OF RESEARCH . 4 1.4 RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES . 4 1.5 RESEARCH APPROACH . 5 1.6 STRUCTURE OF THESIS . 6 2 LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 2.1 INTRODUCTION . 8 2.2 THE GREEN REVOLUTION . 10 2.2.1 Increasing groundwater use . 11 2.2.2 Technological advances . 13 2.2.3 High yielding crop varieties and synthetic fertilisers . 13 2.3 ELECTRICITY SUBSIDY FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES . 16 2.3. 1 Changing this incentive regime . 16 2.4 REGULATION . 17 2.5 FOCUS OF DEVELOPMENT OVER MANAGEMENT . 19 2.6 CATCHMENT WIDE APPROACH . 19 2.6. 1 Lack of scientific data . 20 2.7 SPATIAL DIFFERENCES INFLUENCING GROUNDWATER EXTRACTION . 21 2.7. 1 Numbers of people involved in the management of the resource . 22 2.7. 2 Artificial recharge . 22 2.8 COMMUNITY BASED MANAGEMENT THEORY . 23
Spatial heterogeneity and the geographic distribution of airport noise

One might expect that houses closer to an airport and those in higher minority population neighborhoods experience more airport noise. We find evidence supporting these conjectures when estimating a standard ordered probit model for houses sold near the Atlanta airport. However, because the various neighborhood demographics surrounding the airport can be heterogeneous, and the noise contours are not necessarily correlated with distance in certain neighborhoods, we hypothesize that the impacts of explanatory variables on the probability of greater noise vary across space. We explore spatial heterogeneity by estimating ordered probit locally weighted regressions (OPLWR). These results differ from those using a standard ordered probit model. Moreover, we find notable differences in parameter estimates for different observations (i.e., houses). Even in relatively small areas, our results imply that the standard ordered probit model can generate biased estimates.
Point of Focus Debate : For Asymptomatic Bacteriuria : To Treat or Not To Treat . Pro Treatment

Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that in most clinical situations asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is harmless without correlation to serious infectious complications and thus does not require treatment [1]. However, many patients with ABU are treated unnecessarily, resulting in morbidities associated with antibiotics and selection of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, I find it very important to clearly identify the special clinical situations for which clearance of ABU is beneficial and treatment is recommended. The urological infection guidelines panel of the European Association of Urology performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to collect the most recent evidence regarding ABU treatment as part of the 2017 guideline update [1,2]. Only two patient groups were identified for which treatment of ABU was beneficial: pregnant women and patients before urological procedures breaching the mucosa (eg, transurethral resection of the prostate or bladder tumours).
Multilevel Characteristic Basis Function Method with ACA for Accelerated Solution of Electrically Large Scattering Problems

The multilevel characteristic basis function method (MLCBFM) with the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) algorithm for accelerated solution of electrically large scattering problems is studied in this paper. In the conventional MLCBFM based on Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations, the improvement is only made in the generation of characteristic basis functions (CBFs). However, it does not provide a change in impedance matrix filling and reducing matrix calculation procedure, which is time-consuming. In reality, all the impedance and reduced matrix of each level of the MLCBFM have low-rank property and can be calculated efficiently. Therefore, ACA is used for the efficient generation of two-level CBFs and the fast calculation of reduced matrix in this study. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
Using Noninvasive Genetic Sampling to Assess and Monitor Grizzly Bear Population Status in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem

1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 3 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 7 LITERATURE CITED. 15 CHAPTER II: DEMOGRAPHY AND GENETIC STRUCTURE OF A RECOVERING GRIZZLY BEAR POPULATION. 17 ABSTRACT. 17 INTRODUCTION. 17 STUDY AREA . 19 METHODS . 20 Sampling Methods . 20 Genetic Methods . 21 Estimating Abundance, Mortality, Distribution, and Genetic Population Structure. 24 RESULTS . 26 Sampling Effort. 26 Genotyping Success, Marker Power, and Quality Control . 26 Population Abundance, Mortality, Distribution, and Genetic Structure. 33 DISCUSSION . 40 Grizzly Bear Demography and Population Structure . 41 Data Sources, Analytical Methods, and Data Quality . 43 Monitoring Populations with Noninvasive Genetic Sampling . 46 MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS . 48 LITERATURE CITED. 49 CHAPTER III: EVALUATION OF BEAR RUB TREE SURVEYS TO MONITOR GRIZZLY BEAR POPULATION TRENDS . 54 ABSTRACT. 54 INTRODUCTION. 54 STUDY AREA . 57 METHODS . 60 Field Methods . 60 Lab Methods . 61 Simulation Methods . 61 Monitoring Program Designs. 65 RESULTS . 65 Field Sampling . 65 Genetic Analyses . 66 Simulations . 67
A Proposal: Interactively Learning to Summarise Timelines by Reinforcement Learning

Timeline Summarisation (TLS) aims to generate a concise, time-ordered list of events described in sources such as news articles. However, current systems do not provide an adequate way to adapt to new domains nor to focus on the aspects of interest to a particular user. Therefore, we propose a method for interactively learning abstractive TLS using Reinforcement Learning (RL). We define a compound reward function and use RL to fine-tune an abstractive Multi-document Summarisation (MDS) model, which avoids the need to train using reference summaries. One of the sub-reward functions will be learned interactively from user feedback to ensure the consistency between users’ demands and the generated timeline. The other sub-reward functions contribute to topical coherence and linguistic fluency. We plan experiments to evaluate whether our approach could generate accurate and precise timelines tailored for each user.
A model for the rheology of particle‐bearing suspensions and partially molten rocks

This contribution presents a semiempirical model describing the effective relative viscosity of crystal‐bearing magmas as function of crystal fraction and strain rate. The model was applied to an extensive data set of magmatic suspensions and partially molten rocks providing a range of values for the fitting parameters that control the behavior of the relative viscosity curves as a function of the crystal fraction in an intermediate range of crystallinity (30–80 vol % crystals). The analysis of the results and of the materials used in the experiments allows for evaluating the physical meaning of the parameters of the proposed model. We show that the model, by varying the parameters within the ranges obtained during the fitting procedure, is able to describe satisfactory the effective relative viscosity as a function of crystal fraction and strain rate for suspensions having different geometrical characteristics of the suspended solid fraction.
Exotic fermionic superfluidity in low-dimensional atomic Fermi gases

This thesis is devoted to the study of exotic superfluid phases in strongly interacting Fermi gases. While superfluidity in ultracold gases has many distinct manifestations we choose to address first a mean field approach to imbalance Fermi gas and then, in the balanced case, we studied the dimensional crossover of a confined gas and other relative feautures. Firstly, we present an extensive study of the Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO) phase in a two-dimensional spin-polarized Fermi gas. In the context of Fulde-Ferrell-LarkinOvchinnikov (FFLO) phase, we explore the availability of a very wide and generic class of energy gap functions with explicit space dependency. We inspecte the nature of the phase transitions that are available via a saddle point approximation: in particular in between the fully paired Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) state, an exotic LO phase, and the partially polarized free Fermi gas (NPP). The order of phase transitions has been carefully examined and has led us to reconsider the idea of a second order phase transition between the exotic inhomogeneous phase and the normal free imbalanced Fermi gas. The superfluid density of the LO phase has been computed in the perpendicular direction with respect to the direction in which the spatially dependend gap parameter appears, moreover we investigate the relationship between superfluid density and the spin polarisation. We then move to the theoretical description of the crossover from three dimensions (3D) to two (2D) in a strongly interacting atomic Fermi superfluid through confining the transverse spatial dimension. Using beyond mean field methods, we determine the zero-temperature equation of state and Landau critical velocity as functions of the spatial extent of the transverse dimension and interaction strength. In the presence of strong interactions, we determine a criterion to distinguish three dimensional regimes and we explicitly map out a dimensional crossover diagram using the location of the superfluid maximum critical velocity, which exhibits distinct dependence on the transverse dimension from 2D to quasi-2D, and to 3D. Through the dynamic structure factor we propose an experimental viable measurement to probe the dimensional crossover diagram by using Bragg spectroscopy. In the final part of the thesis, due to the recent experimental interests, we address
Effects of Erythropoietin Receptor Activity on Angiogenesis , 1 Tubular Injury and Fibrosis in Acute Kidney Injury : 2 A “ U-Shaped ” Relationship

9 Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, 10 Departments of Cell Biology, Internal Medicine, and Physiology, 11 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA 12 Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular 13 Genetics, The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 14 Pape Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & 15 Science University, Portland, OR, USA 16 Department of Nephrology, Yu-Huang-Ding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 17 Shandong, P. R. China 18
AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO SUINÍCOLA SOB O ENFOQUE DAS EXTERNALIDADES

O estudo tem por objetivo estabelecer um conjunto de indicadores e métricas para avaliação da sustentabilidade da produção suinícola, visando à evidenciação das externalidades positivas e negativas da atividade. Utiliza-se da Técnica Delphi como procedimento metodológico de apoio para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, as etapas de operacionalização foram: (i) Identificação inicial de indicadores de sustentabilidade por meio da literatura; (ii) Realização de entrevistas junto aos especialistas e posterior aplicação de questionário, visando identificar parâmetros legais e aceitáveis para as métricas dos indicadores de desempenho ambiental, social e econômico-financeiro; (iii) A partir das métricas ordinais (níveis superiores e inferiores), identificam-se as escalas cardinais por meio das funções de valores lineares, permitindo identificar as taxas de compensação e a valoração do conjunto de indicadores ambientais, sociais e econômico-financeiros; (iv) Aplicação do constructo de indicadores e métricas, denominado Sistema de Gestão e Avaliação da Sustentabilidade da Suinocultura – SIGEASS, junto a uma entidade rural. O SIGEASS é composto por um conjunto 10 indicadores e 60 métricas de avaliação da sustentabilidade. O resultado do teste de aderência do SIGEASS evidenciou externalidades negativas nos indicadores ambientais de avaliação do solo e energia. Os indicadores ar/efeito estufa e remuneração do capital investido apresentaram externalidades positivas, enquanto seis indicadores se apresentaram com avaliação de conformidade. A avaliação da sustentabilidade a partir do SIGEASS, evidencia as externalidades positivas e negativas da atividade suinícola, visando minimizar externalidades negativas em prol de melhores práticas de sustentabilidade.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Harnessing the Deep Web : present and future

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