Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Subsumption Hierarchy of Test Case Prioritization for Composite Services

Many composite workflow services utilize non-imperative XML technologies such as WSDL, XPath, XML schema, and XML messages. Regression testing should assure the services against regression faults that appear in both the workflows and these artifacts. In this paper, we propose a refinement-oriented level-exploration strategy and a multilevel coverage model that captures progressively the coverage of different types of artifacts by the test cases. We show that by using them, the test case prioritization techniques initialized on top of existing greedy-based test case prioritization strategy form a subsumption hierarchy such that a technique can produce more test suite permutations than a technique that subsumes it. Our experimental study of a model instance shows that a technique generally achieves a higher fault detection rate than a subsumed technique, which validates that the proposed hierarchy and model have the potential to improve the cost-effectiveness of test case prioritization techniques.
Silver Surfers Adopting and Using Facebook ?

With an ageing population that is on the increase, there are many older adults still in employment well past their retirement age. Currently, technological developments in the form of Online Social Networks (OSN) are also impacting society and organisations alike, with organisations searching for ways to cope with these changes. The aim of this research study is to investigate the factors affecting the likelihood of adoption and use of OSN within an older population. Using an online questionnaire, empirical data was drawn from Hertfordshire, a vicinity in the United Kingdom, and analysed using the Partial Least Squares method. The findings revealed that in a household situation older individuals adopt internet technologies if they have ‘anytime access’ to internet capable devices, a fast reliable Internet connection, the support of their family and friends, as well as an apparent provision of privacy. For organisations, these findings indicate that the provision of a technical/trusted support department is essential, as is the provision for broadband and reliable internet connections. For academia, this research identifies factors that have been developed using theoretical concepts that will impact older adults’ adoption and use of new technologies, but requires further research into whether these factors will impact a cross generation of workers in the organisation. 1 Throughout this paper ‘OSN’ is used to refer to Online Social Networks – in plural 1
Multisensory Integration in Dynamical Behaviors: Maximum Likelihood Estimation across Bimanual Skill Learning

Optimal integration of different sensory modalities weights each modality as a function of its degree of certainty (maximum likelihood). Humans rely on near-optimal integration in decision-making tasks (involving e.g., auditory, visual, and/or tactile afferents), and some support for these processes has also been provided for discrete sensorimotor tasks. Here, we tested optimal integration during the continuous execution of a motor task, using a cyclical bimanual coordination pattern in which feedback was provided by means of proprioception and augmented visual feedback (AVF, the position of both wrists being displayed as the orthogonal coordinates of a single cursor). Assuming maximum likelihood integration, the following predictions were addressed: (1) the coordination variability with both AVF and proprioception available is smaller than with only one of the two modalities, and should reach an optimal level; (2) if the AVF is artificially corrupted by noise, variability should increase but saturate toward the level without AVF; (3) if the AVF is imperceptibly phase shifted, the stabilized pattern should be partly adapted to compensate for this phase shift, whereby the amount of compensation reflects the weight assigned to AVF in the computation of the integrated signal. Whereas performance variability gradually decreased over 5 d of practice, we showed that these model-based predictions were already observed on the first day. This suggests not only that the performer integrated proprioceptive feedback and AVF online during task execution by tending to optimize the signal statistics, but also that this occurred before reaching an asymptotic performance level.
Combined effects of chronic hyperglycaemia and oral aluminium intoxication on testicular tissue and some male reproductive parameters in Wistar rats

Exposure to either environmental toxicants or chronic hyperglycaemia could impair male reproductive function. However, the extent to which exposure to such toxicants, in the presence of pre‐existing metabolic dysfunction, could affect male reproduction is unclear. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic Wistar rats (12 weeks old) were exposed to oral aluminium chloride at 250 ppm for 30 days; followed by evaluation of caudal epididymal sperm count and motility, assay for serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T) and oestradiol; and assessment of testicular histology. Moreover, blood glucose was evaluated by the glucose oxidase method. In rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ) or aluminium (Al) alone, erosion of testicular parenchyma and stroma was observed. This effect was most severe in diabetic rats simultaneously exposed to Al; coupled with reduced caudal epididymal sperm count that was least in this (STZ+Al) group (18.75 × 106 ml−1) compared with controls (61.25 × 106 ml−1; P < 0.05), STZ group or Al group. Moreover, these reproductive perturbations (in the STZ+Al group) were associated with reduced sperm motility and significantly reduced serum FSH (P < 0.05); but elevated serum T and oestradiol (P < 0.05), compared with control. These suggest that diabetes‐induced testicular lesion is exacerbated by simultaneous oral Al toxicity in Wistar rats.
Internal Consistency and Reliability of the Networked MindsMeasure of Social Presence

This study sought to develop and test a measure of social presence. Based on review of current definitions and measures, a synthesis of the theoretical construct that meets the criteria and dimensions [1] is proposed for a broad successful measure of social presence. An experiment was conducted to test the internal consistency and criterion validity of the measures as determined by theory, specifically the ability of the measure to distinguish levels of social presence that almost all theories suggest exist between (1) face-to-face interaction and mediated interaction, and (2) different levels of mediated interaction.
Symptomatik und Verlauf von Schlafstörungen

Zusammenfassung Schlafstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter stellen einen häufigen Vorstellungsanlass in der pädiatrischen Praxis dar. Auch wenn es sich überwiegend um passagere Beschwerden handelt, besteht bei einer nicht kleinen Subgruppe die Tendenz zur Chronifizierung. Dabei sollten komorbide somatische und psychische Erkrankungen erkannt werden, da sie den weiteren Verlauf negativ beeinflussen. Belastende psychosoziale Faktoren spielen für die Entstehung und für die Aufrechterhaltung der Symptomatik eine wichtige Rolle und schränken ebenso wie die Schlafstörung selbst die langfristige Leistungs- und Funktionsfähigkeit ein.
Thinking About Me, You, and Them: Understanding Higher- Order Propositional Attitudes

Higher-order propositional attitudes (HOPAs), such as "I think that you think that. ," figure in many fields including theory of mind, cognitive ethology, and psycholinguistics. Analysis of many examples suggests there may be differences in understandability of HOPAs depending on the type and number of constituents and the presence of recursions. Empirical work on normal adult ability with HOPAs has been lacking, leaving research with special populations without a standard for comparison. An exper- iment explored the effects of varying the number of individuals in HOPA sentences, up to the eighth order. Significant differences in understandability of HOPA sentences were found between three groups, those that are about (i) oneself, (ii) dyads, and (iii) series of different individuals.
Planning Styles in Conflict: The Metropolitan Transportation Commission

Abstract In a 5-year study of the San Francisco Bay Area Metropolitan Transportation Commission, we found four planning styles at work: technical/bureaucratic, political influence, social movement, and collaborative. Each involved differing assumptions about knowledge, participation, and the nature of a good plan. Players using one style were often mistrustful or contemptuous of those working in others. Regional actions—as opposed to packages of projects for parochial interests—were rare. The few regional initiatives emerged from collaborative planning and social movements. We argue that where diversity and interdependence of interests are high, collaboration is the most effective approach. Key barriers to collaboration included state and federal funding formulas, earmarking, and the substantial documentation required by state and federal regulations.
Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis

It is well established that the rumen microbial flora are a rich source of vitamins to the ruminant, and that the faecal bacterial flora are a major vitamin source for coprophagic rodents. There is also good evidence that the gut bacterial flora are a significant source of a range of vitamins to the human. In this paper evidence is presented that gut bacteria are a significant source of a range of vitamins, particularly those of the B group and vitamin K.
An Analysis of Prospective Risk Factors for Aortic Stiffness in Men: 20-Year Follow-Up From the Caerphilly Prospective Study

Arterial stiffness is an important determinant of cardiovascular risk. The precise risk factors for arterial stiffening remain unclear. We aimed to identify potential risk factors using prospective exposure data from the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Aortic pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were measured in 825 men and related to current (2004) and baseline (1979–1988) anthropometric, hemodynamic, and biochemical factors. The mean age of the men was 74 years, with an average follow-up of 20 years. The only independent baseline predictors of current velocity were pulse pressure (standardized &bgr;-coefficient: 0.58), C-reactive protein (0.35), glucose (0.25), and waist circumference (0.23). The sole baseline predictor of current augmentation index was fibrinogen (0.78). After additional adjustment for the corresponding current risk factor, pulse wave velocity was best related to cumulative exposure to C-reactive protein, whereas augmentation index was most strongly related to current levels. Velocity was also more strongly correlated with baseline levels of triglycerides and smoking but with current waist circumference. The pulse pressure heart rate product assessed over the whole of 20 years was independently correlated with aortic pulse wave velocity but not augmentation index. Other than blood pressure, established cardiovascular risk factors have only a modest effect on aortic stiffness and wave reflection. Inflammation and the level of repetitive cyclic stress are important predictors of aortic stiffness, whereas wave reflection is predicted by acute inflammation only. Adequate control of pulse pressure and heart rate, as well as reducing inflammation, may, in the long-term, retard aortic stiffening, although this remains to be tested directly.
Historical Perspective of Foamy Virus Epidemiology and Infection

SUMMARY Foamy viruses (FV) are complex retroviruses which are widespread in many species. Despite being discovered over 40 years ago, FV are among the least well characterized retroviruses. The replication of these viruses is different in many interesting respects from that of all other retroviruses. Infection of natural hosts by FV leads to a lifelong persistent infection, without any evidence of pathology. A large number of studies have looked at the prevalence of primate foamy viruses in the human population. Many of these studies have suggested that FV infections are prevalent in some human populations and are associated with specific diseases. More recent data, using more rigorous criteria for the presence of viruses, have not confirmed these studies. Thus, while FV are ubiquitous in all nonhuman primates, they are only acquired as rare zoonotic infections in humans. In this communication, we briefly discuss the current status of FV research and review the history of FV epidemiology, as well as the lack of pathogenicity in natural, experimental, and zoonotic infections.
A Medical Massage Suit for Continuous Wear

1 Presented at the First Annual Meeting of the American College of Angiology, June 4, 1955, Atlantic City, New Jersey. 2 Aero Medical Laboratory, Wright Air Development Center, Air Research and Development Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. 3 Present address: 118 S.E. Riverside Street, Evansville 8, Indiana. 4 Present address: Cornell TTniversity Medical College, New York, N. Y. During World War II, pilots in fighter aircraft discovered that the muscle cramps and fatigue of long missions were relieved by any aerial maneuver abrupt enough to activate their antigravity suits (g-suits). These protective devices compress the pilot’s legs and abdomen with air-bladders that automatically inflate when a high-speed aircraft changes direction of flight. Circulatory effects demonstrated in the laboratory explained this effect of the g-suit in preventing muscular ache. In particular, venous pressure at the ankle was reduced to half the
A DCT-Gaussian classification scheme for human-robot interface

The ultimate success of a human-robot-interface system depends on how accurately user control signals are classified. This paper is aimed at developing and testing a strategy to accurately classify human-robot control signals. The primary focus is on overcoming the dimensionality problem frequently encountered in the design of Gaussian multivariate signal classifiers. The dimensionality problem is overcome by selecting, using two different ranking criteria, a small set of linear combinations of the input signal space generated by the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The application of the resulting DCT-Gaussian signal classification strategy is demonstrated by classifying tongue-movement earpressure (TMEP) bioacoustic signals that have been proposed for control of an assistive robotic arm. Classification results show that the DCT-Gaussian classifiers outperform classifiers described in a previous study. Most noteworthy is the fact that the Gaussian multivariate control signal classifiers developed in this paper can be designed without having to collect a prohibitively large number of training signals in order to satisfy the dimensionality conditions. Consequently, the classification strategies will be especially beneficial for designing personalized assistive interfaces for individuals from whom only a limited number of training signals can reliably be collected due to severe disabilities.
The hexose transporters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae play different roles during enological fermentation

We investigated the role of hexose transporters in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain derived from an industrial wine strain by carrying out a functional analysis of HXT genes 1–7 under enological conditions. A strain in which the sugar carrier genes HXT1–HXT7 were deleted was constructed and the HXT genes were expressed individually or in combination to evaluate their role under wine alcoholic fermentation conditions. No growth or fermentation was observed in winemaking conditions for the hxt1‐7Δ strain. The low‐affinity carriers Hxt1 and Hxt3 were the only carriers giving complete fermentation of sugars when expressed alone, indicating that these carriers play a predominant role in wine fermentation. However, these two carriers have different functions. The Hxt3 transporter is thought to play a major role, as it was the only carrier that gave an almost normal fermentation profile when produced alone. The hxt1 carrier was much less effective during the stationary phase and its role is thought to be restricted to the beginning of fermentation. The high‐affinity carriers Hxt2, Hxt6 and/or Hxt7 were also required for normal fermentation. These high‐affinity transporters have different functions: hxt2 is involved in growth initiation, whereas Hxt6 and/or Hxt7 are required at the end of alcoholic fermentation. This work shows that the successful alcoholic fermentation of wine involves at least four or five hexose carriers, playing different roles at various stages in the fermentation cycle. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Buffer management in relational database systems

The hot-set model, characterizing the buffer requirements of relational queries, is presented. This model allows the system to determine the optimal buffer space to be allocated to a query; it can also be used by the query optimizer to derive efficient execution plans accounting for the available buffer space, and by a query scheduler to prevent thrashing. The hot-set model is compared with the working-set model. A simulation study is presented.
Elastic Environment of the Capillary Bed

To determine the degree to which the capillary blood vessels in vivo are supported by the elasticity of the surrounding tissue, a study was made of the elastic properties of the mesentery of the rabbit. A torsion test was made on a circular membrane of the avascular region of the mesentery, by applying a graded static torque and measuring the resulting deformation. The mesentery was found to have a modulus of rigidity in the same category as that of larger arteries and veins. It has a nonlinear stress-strain relationship with a tendency to harden at larger strains. In torsion experiments, the shear modulus G can be reduced to the following form G = μ+c2|τ| Where c2 is a constant and |τ| is the absolute value of the shear stress. The constant μ depends on the initial tension in the membrane. For the mesentery specimens, μ ranges from 215 to 1900 gm/cm2, whereas the nondimensional constant c2 has an average value of 8.23 with a standard deviation of 2.1. The hypothesis is advanced that the medium in which the capillaries of the mesentery are embedded is a gel and the capillary in effect is a tunnel in this gel. Such a hypothesis could explain the apparent rigidity of the blood capillaries.
The Causal Relationship between Information and Communication Technology and Foreign Direct Investment

This paper investigates the simultaneous causal relationship between investments in information and communication technology (ICT) and foreign direct investment (FDI), with reference to its implications on economic growth. For the empirical analysis we use data from 23 major countries with heterogeneous economics development for the period 1976–99. The results of unit roots and Johansen co-integration tests indicate variations in degrees of integration among the sample countries. Our causality test results suggest that there is a causal relationship from ICT to FDI interpreted as the higher level of ICT investment leads to increased inflow of FDI. ICT contributes to economic growth indirectly by attracting more foreign direct investment. In developed countries there already exist a build up ICT capacity which causes inflow of FDI, while in developing countries ICT capacity must be build up to attract FDI. The inflow of FDI causes further increases in ICT investment and capacity.
Microbiologic and Histologic Characteristics of the Extremely Preterm Infant's Placenta Predict White Matter Damage and Later Cerebral Palsy. The ELGAN Study

Inflammatory phenomena seem to contribute to the occurrence of perinatal cerebral white matter damage and CP. The stimulus that initiates the inflammation remains obscure. One thousand two hundred forty-six infants born before the 28th postmenstrual week had a protocol ultrasound scan of the brain read concordantly by two independent sonologists. Eight hundred ninety-nine of the children had a neurologic examination at approximately 24-mo postterm equivalent. The placenta of each child had been biopsied under sterile conditions and later cultured. Histologic slides of the placenta were examined specifically for this study. Recovery of a single microorganism predicted an echolucent lesion, whereas polymicrobial cultures and recovery of skin flora predicted both ventriculomegaly and an echolucent lesion. Diparetic CP was predicted by recovery of a single microorganism, multiple organisms, and skin flora. Histologic inflammation predicted ventriculomegaly and diparetic CP. The risk of ventriculomegaly associated with organism recovery was heightened when accompanied by histologic inflammation, but the risk of diparetic CP was not. Low-virulence microorganisms isolated from the placenta, including common skin microflora, predict ultrasound lesions of the brain and diparetic CP in the very preterm infant. Organism recovery does not seem to be needed for placenta inflammation to predict diparetic CP.
An Application of Combined Neural Networks to Remotely Sensed Images

Studies in the area of Pattern Recognition have indicated that in most cases a classifier performs differently from one pattern class to another. This observation gave birth to the idea of combining the individual results from different classifiers to derive a consensus decision. This work investigates the potential of combining neural networks to remotely sensed images. A classifier system is built by integrating the results of a plurarity of feed-forward neural networks, each of them designed to have the best performance for one class. Fuzzy Integrals are used as the combining strategy. Experiments carried out to evaluate the system, using a satellite image of an area undergoing a rapid degradation process, have shown that the combination may yield a better performance than that of a single neural network.
The Extended Mind: The Emergence of Language, the Human Mind, and Culture

The ability to communicate through language is such a fundamental part of human existence that we often take it for granted, rarely considering how sophisticated the process is by which we understand and make ourselves understood. In The Extended Mind, acclaimed author Robert K. Logan examines the origin, emergence, and co-evolution of language, the human mind, and culture. Building on his previous study, The Sixth Language (2000) and making use of emergence theory, Logan seeks to explain how language emerged to deal with the complexity of hominid existence brought about by tool-making, control of fire, social intelligence, coordinated hunting and gathering, and mimetic communication. The resulting emergence of language, he argues, signifies a fundamental change in the functioning of the human mind - a shift from percept-based thought to concept-based thought. From the perspective of the Extended Mind model, Logan provides an alternative to and critique of Noam Chomsky's approach to the origin of language. He argues that language can be treated as an organism that evolved to be easily acquired, obviating the need for the hard-wiring of Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device. In addition Logan shows how, according to this model, culture itself can be treated as an organism that has evolved to be easily attained, revealing the universality of human culture as well as providing an insight as to how altruism might have originated. Bringing timely insights to a fascinating field of inquiry, The Extended Mind will be sure to find a wide readership.
Effets de la crise sur les conditions de retour à l'emploi

This paper focuses on jobs found by formerly unemployed in 2007 and in 2009 (i.e. before and during the crisis). A coincident indicator of the " quality " of these jobs has been set; it is based on variables such as: length of occupation, full- or part-time status, working time, and wage. Risks of short-term and badly paid jobs have also been explored. It appears that economic crisis involves a worsening of back to employment situation.