Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Input-series and output-series connected modular full-bridge PWM DC-DC converter with capacitive output filter and common duty cycle

This paper proposes a modular isolated dc-dc converter, based on the input-series and output-series (ISOS) association of the full-bridge PWM (FB-PWM) dc-dc converter with capacitive filter. The main attribute of the proposed architecture is its ability to provide self-balance of the input and output voltage across the individual converters, without voltage loop control scheme, both in the steady state and transient operations. Circuit operation, theoretical analysis and modeling are included in the paper, along with experimental results taken from a laboratory prototype with four modules, 1600 Vdc total input voltage, 1600 Vdc total output voltage, 4 kW output power, and 40 kHz switching frequency. Possible applications include high voltage power supplies, solid state transformers, dc current distribution systems, and renewable electric energy systems.
Motor apparatus in human spermatozoa that lack central pair microtubules

Electron microscopic examination of the spermatozoa from a man suffering from asthenozoospermia (poor or low sperm motility) showed that ∼ 92% of the sperm flagella lacked central pair microtubules but possessed dynein arms and radial spokes while a small percentage of the spermatozoa had complete flagella. The characteristics of the motor apparatus of the spermatozoa and the effects of caffeine on the sperm motility were examined, as were the reactivation of demembranated spermatozoa and the sliding of doublet microtubules. Almost all spermatozoa were immotile in a Tyrode solution while only a small percentage of spermatozoa showed slow forward movement or feeble flagellar vibration, whereas addition of caffeine to the sperm suspension induced forward swimming of approximately half of the spermatozoa. The reactivation of demembranated spermatozoa with MgATP2− could not succeed because of disintegration of the demembranated flagella. However, when the demembranated spermatozoa were exposed to MgATP2− and then treated with elastase, the microtubular doublets of approximately half the number of the flagella slid from the end or middle of the flagella. These results suggest that the motor apparatus in the sperm flagella that lack the central pair microtubules is functionally assembled and intrinsically capable of undergoing flagellar movement but not strong enough to beat normally. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 459–463, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopaminergic Modulation of Transient Neurite Outgrowth from Horizontal Cells of the Fish Retina is not Mediated by cAMP

Horizontal cell dendrites invaginating the cone pedicles in the fish retina exhibit a marked light dependent plasticity in the morphology of their synaptic connections. Upon light adaptation of the retina, numerous spinules are formed which disappear during dark adaptation. This process is paralleled by a strengthening and weakening, respectively, of the horizontal cell's inhibitory output. The formation of spinules during light adaptation requires dopaminergic activity as it does not occur in dopamine‐depleted retinas, but can be partially induced in depleted retinas by the exogenous administration of dopamine. Although horizontal cells do have D1 receptors the action of dopamine is not coupled to a stimulation of cAMP. An increase of intracellular cAMP either by injection of a cAMP analogue or by metabolic interference does not result in any spinule formation. The data suggest that dopamine must act through a cAMP independent intracellular mechanism.
Cell Accumulation Receptor CCR10 in IgA Antibody-Secreting An Indispensable Role for the Chemokine

The differential expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, by tissues and leukocytes, respectively, contributes to the speciﬁc accumulation of leukocyte subsets to different tissues. CCR10/CCL28 interactions are thought to contribute to the accumulation of IgA Ab-secreting cells (ASC) to mucosal surfaces, such as the gastrointestinal tract and the lactating mammary gland. Although the role of CCL28 in lymphocyte homing is well established, direct in vivo evidence for CCR10 involvement in this process has not been previously shown. In this study, we describe the generation of a CCR10-deﬁcient mouse model. Using this model, we demonstrate that CCR10 is critical for efﬁcient localization and accumulation of IgA ASC to the lactating mammary gland. Surprisingly, IgA ASC accumulation to the gastrointestinal tract is minimally impacted in CCR10-deﬁcient mice. These results provide the ﬁrst direct evidence of CCR10 involvement in lymphocyte homing and accumulation in vivo, and demonstrate that reliance on CCR10-mediated recruitment of IgA ASC varies dramatically within mucosal tissues. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 6309–6315.
Maresin 1, a Proresolving Lipid Mediator Derived from Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Exerts Protective Actions in Murine Models of Colitis

It has been previously reported that dietary fish oils, which are rich in the polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, can exert beneficial effects in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid–derived lipid mediator maresin 1 (MaR1) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)– and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid–induced colitis in mice. Systemic treatment with MaR1 significantly attenuated both DSS- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid–induced colonic inflammation by improving the disease activity index and reducing body weight loss and colonic tissue damage. MaR1 treatment also induced a significant decrease in levels of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ, in the acute protocol, as well as IL-1β and IL-6, but not TNF-α and INF-γ, in the chronic DSS colitis protocol. Additionally, MaR1 decreased ICAM-1 mRNA expression in both the acute and chronic protocols of DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of MaR1 seem to be associated with inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, incubation of LPS-stimulated bone marrow–derived macrophage cultures with MaR1 reduced neutrophil migration and reactive oxygen species production, besides decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and INF-γ production. Interestingly, macrophages incubated only with MaR1 showed a significant upregulation of mannose receptor C, type 1 mRNA expression, an M2 macrophage phenotype marker. These results indicate that MaR1 consistently protects mice against different models of experimental colitis, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and consequently multiple inflammatory mediators, as well as by enhancing the macrophage M2 phenotype.
The Importance of a Church Youth Club’s Sport Provision to Continued Church Involvement

Using a commitment model grounded in psychological and sociological theory, this study examined church youth club participation and its impact on continued church involvement. Adolescent members (N = 141) of a contemporary Christian church were surveyed, and their commitment to the church and its sport, social, and Christian activities were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that commitment to the social and Christian activities accounted for 56% and 50% of the variance in continued involvement for male and female youth, respectively. A multivariate analysis of variance provided partial support for hypothesized gender differences in sport commitment. Male youth (n = 76) scored higher on commitment, enjoyment and investment, involvement opportunities, and social support than female youth (n = 65). Overall, the results suggest that social activities are important to continued church involvement and that the value of sport lies in its capacity to promote social interaction.
Estimating the effects of maternal education on child dental caries using marginal structural models: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Australian Children.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of mothers' education on Indigenous Australian children's dental caries experience while controlling for the mediating effect of children's sweet food intake. METHODS The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children is a study of two representative cohorts of Indigenous Australian children, aged from 6 months to 2 years (baby cohort) and from 3.5 to 5 years (child cohort) at baseline. The children's primary caregiver undertook a face-to-face interview in 2008 and repeated annually for the next 4 years. Data included household demographics, child health (nutrition information and dental health), maternal conditions and highest qualification levels. Mother's educational level was classified into four categories: 0-9 years, 10 years, 11-12 years and >12 years. Children's mean sweet food intake was categorized as <20%, 20-30%, and >30%. After multiple imputation of missing values, a marginal structural model with stabilized inverse probability weights was used to estimate the direct effect of mothers' education level on children's dental decay experience. RESULTS From 2008 to 2012, complete data on 1720 mother-child dyads were available. Dental caries experience for children was 42.3% over the 5-year period. The controlled direct effect estimates of mother's education on child dental caries were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.01-1.45), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.91-1.18) and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.93-1.22); after multiple imputation of missing values, the effects were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.05-1.39), 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94-1.19) and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.95-1.19), comparing '0-9', '10' and '11-12' years to > 12 years of education. CONCLUSION Mothers' education level had a direct effect on children's dental decay experience that was not mediated by sweet food intake and other risk factors when estimated using a marginal structural model.
Design of Brushless Permanent Magnet Motors - A Combined Electromagnetic and Thermal Approach to High Performance Specification

This paper illustrates how modern design software packages can be linked together to aid the design of high specification electrical machines where the thermal rating and performance is critical. First the software is tested against the measured performance of an actual machine to validate accuracy of the linked electromagnetic and thermal software then various parameters are tested to illustrate the key points in producing a successful machine thermal design
Anti-rotavirus protein reduces stool output in infants with diarrhea: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age. Current treatment options are limited. We assessed the efficacy of a llama-derived, heavy-chain antibody fragment called anti-rotavirus protein (ARP1), in modifying the severity and duration of diarrhea in male infants with rotavirus infection. METHODS We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 176 male infants (6-24 months old) with severe rotavirus-associated diarrhea at Dhaka Hospital, Bangladesh. The infants were randomly assigned to groups given oral ARP1 (15-30 mg/kg/day, n = 88) or placebo (maltodextrin, n = 88) for a maximum of 5 days. The primary outcomes were severity (stool output) and duration of diarrhea and fecal excretion of rotavirus. Secondary outcomes were intake of oral rehydration salt solution, severity of vomiting, and serum levels of rotavirus-specific IgA. RESULTS In infants with only rotavirus infection, total cumulative stool output was 305.47 g/kg body weight among those given placebo (n = 63) and 237.03 g/kg body weight among those given ARP1 (n = 61) (a difference of 68.44 g/kg body weight or 22.5%; 95% confidence interval: 18.27-118.59 g/kg body weight; P =.0079). There was a significant reduction in rate of stool output (g/kg/d) in the ARP1 group compared with the placebo group (61%; P = .002). ARP1 had no significant effect in infants with concomitant infections or on any other measured outcomes. No adverse events could be linked to ARP1. CONCLUSIONS In a placebo-controlled trial, ARP1 reduced stool output in male infants with severe rotavirus-associated diarrhea. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01259765.
On Recognizing Virtual Honeypots and Countermeasures

Honeypots are decoys designed to trap, delay, and gather information about attackers. We can use honeypot logs to analyze attackers' behaviors and design new defenses. A virtual honeypot can emulate multiple honeypots on one physical machine and provide great flexibility in representing one or more networks of machines. But when attackers recognize a honeypot, it becomes useless. In this paper, we address issues related to detecting and "camouflaging" virtual honeypots, in particular Honeyd, which can emulate any size of network on physical machines. We find that an attacker may remotely fingerprint Honeyd by measuring the latency of the network links emulated by Honeyd. We analyze the threat from this fingerprint attack based on the Neyman-Pearson decision theory and find that this class of attack can achieve a high detection rate and low false alarm rate. In order to counter this fingerprint attack, we make virtual honeypots behave like their surrounding networks and blend in with their surroundings. We design a camouflaged Honeyd by revising a small part of the Honeyd toolkit code and by appropriately patching the operating system. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to camouflaging Honeyd
Electron tomography reveals the fibril structure and lipid interactions in amyloid deposits

Significance Although considerable previous efforts have been dedicated to studying the molecular assembly of individual amyloid fibrils, much less is known about their 3D arrangement within a pathological deposit. In this study, we use electron tomography, an extremely powerful method for studying the detailed structure of cellular assemblies or macromolecular complexes, to unravel the superstructure of fibril networks. The structural views provided by our analysis enable a better understanding of the properties and pathogenic features of amyloid fibrils. The fibril network structure is also a crucial determinant of possible applications of such fibrils in the field of biotechnology or material sciences. Electron tomography is an increasingly powerful method to study the detailed architecture of macromolecular complexes or cellular structures. Applied to amyloid deposits formed in a cell culture model of systemic amyloid A amyloidosis, we could determine the structural morphology of the fibrils directly in the deposit. The deposited fibrils are arranged in different networks, and depending on the relative fibril orientation, we can distinguish between fibril meshworks, fibril bundles, and amyloid stars. These networks are frequently infiltrated by vesicular lipid inclusions that may originate from the death of the amyloid-forming cells. Our data support the role of nonfibril components for constructing fibril deposits and provide structural views of different types of lipid–fibril interactions.
This goes with that...which value sets maximise organisational commitment

Values in an organisation have commonly been conceptualised as “organisational” values or “current” values. Little distinction has been made between values that are espoused by organisations, and those that guide organisations on a day to day basis, even though the literature is replete with anecdotal evidence of organisations failing to “walk the talk”. This paper empirically evaluates the importance of differentiating between organisational values as espoused values and valuesin-use. Sensitivity to this distinction enabled an examination of the relationship between these organisational value dimensions, individual values, and organisational commitment. This was achieved firstly by differentiating the organisational value levels which provided a more comprehensive account of the values construct and secondly by utilising a multi-methodological approach to capture the strength of the underlying relationship between the paired sets of component measures (espoused values, values-in-use, and individual values) and the outcome (the affective, normative and continuance dimensions of organisational commitment). Methodologically, the use of polynomial regression and response surface methodology has proved to be salient in examining congruency relationships. This approach yielded a more comprehensive explanation of the independent effects of the individual’s values as well as that of the organisation’s values to the prediction of organisational commitment.
Quantification of Microbial Phenotypes

Metabolite profiling technologies have improved to generate close to quantitative metabolomics data, which can be employed to quantitatively describe the metabolic phenotype of an organism. Here, we review the current technologies available for quantitative metabolomics, present their advantages and drawbacks, and the current challenges to generate fully quantitative metabolomics data. Metabolomics data can be integrated into metabolic networks using thermodynamic principles to constrain the directionality of reactions. Here we explain how to estimate Gibbs energy under physiological conditions, including examples of the estimations, and the different methods for thermodynamics-based network analysis. The fundamentals of the methods and how to perform the analyses are described. Finally, an example applying quantitative metabolomics to a yeast model by 13C fluxomics and thermodynamics-based network analysis is presented. The example shows that (1) these two methods are complementary to each other; and (2) there is a need to take into account Gibbs energy errors. Better estimations of metabolic phenotypes will be obtained when further constraints are included in the analysis.
Study on Distribution of Magnetite (Fe3-xMnxO4) Filler in Fe3-xMnxO4-PEG/PVA/PVP Magnetic Hydrogel by Using Twolognormal Function Analysis

The trend of nanoparticles technology has been so advanced in several years; for instance, the bio-applications of polymer gel composites that involve micro/nanoparticles to be embedded in polymer gel have been many observed. This complex material composition can express a specific property and low toxicity so it can be used in various domain uses. Besides, the polymers material must possess certain properties to be utilized in the biomedical application (magnetic hyperthermia, cancer therapy, and food industry) such as flexible, biocompatibility, and water swallowability. Magnetite is nanoparticle with a unique property that can be utilized as a filler. The low toxicity of magnetite under the superparamagnetic condition is very useful in biomedical application. This research was succeeded to synthesize PVA/PVP polymer-based hydrogel magnetic with PEG-coated magnetite with Manganese doping filler, which has good biocompatibility and stable particle. An advanced characterization using XRD has shown the crystallite size about 9-11 nm with the magnetite phase confirmed from the sample. The SAXS analysis using two-lognormal functions exhibited primary and secondary particles around 2.40 and 9.74 nm that was well proven by TEM image analysis that showed a close value of the average particles size about 9.78 nm. From the SAXS and TEM analysis, it could be observed that the samples formed clusters from primary and secondary particles.
Simulated and observed variability in ocean temperature and heat content

Observations show both a pronounced increase in ocean heat content (OHC) over the second half of the 20th century and substantial OHC variability on interannual-to-decadal time scales. Although climate models are able to simulate overall changes in OHC, they are generally thought to underestimate the amplitude of OHC variability. Using simulations of 20th century climate performed with 13 numerical models, we demonstrate that the apparent discrepancy between modeled and observed variability is largely explained by accounting for changes in observational coverage and instrumentation and by including the effects of volcanic eruptions. Our work does not support the recent claim that the 0- to 700-m layer of the global ocean experienced a substantial OHC decrease over the 2003 to 2005 time period. We show that the 2003–2005 cooling is largely an artifact of a systematic change in the observing system, with the deployment of Argo floats reducing a warm bias in the original observing system.
TIP30 Interacts with an Estrogen Receptor α-interacting Coactivator CIA and Regulates c-myc Transcription*

Deregulation of c-myc expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neoplasias. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) can increase the rate of c-myc transcription through the recruitment of a variety of cofactors to the promoter, yet the precise roles of these cofactors in transcription and tumorigenesis are largely unknown. We show here that a putative tumor suppressor TIP30, also called CC3 or Htatip2, interacts with an ERα-interacting coactivator CIA. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrate that TIP30 and CIA are distinct cofactors that are dynamically associated with the promoter and downstream regions of the c-myc gene in response to estrogen. Both TIP30 and CIA are recruited to the c-myc gene promoter by liganded ERα in the second transcription cycle. TIP30 overexpression represses ERα-mediated c-myc transcription, whereas TIP30 deficiency enhances c-myc transcription in both the absence and presence of estrogen. Ectopic CIA cooperates with TIP30 to repress ERα-mediated c-myc transcription. Moreover, virgin TIP30 knockout mice exhibit increased c-myc expression in mammary glands. Together, these results reveal an important role for TIP30 in the regulation of ERα-mediated c-myc transcription and suggest a mechanism for tumorigenesis promoted by TIP30 deficiency.
Experiences of those Taking Part in the BeeZee Bodies Family- Based Weight Management Intervention: A Qualitative Evaluation

The need for effective community, child weight management interventions continues. The BeeZee Bodies (BZB) family-based child weight management programme for 7-11-year-olds and 12-15–year-olds has been developed iteratively over five years, with quantitative and qualitative evaluations refining the programmes. The aim of this study was to present the experiences and opinions of those taking part in BZB programmes as part of a real world evaluation. Three focus groups, following a semi-structured protocol, were conducted with 20 participants (15 parents, 5 adolescents) 3 months post-intervention. Analyses were thematic, iterative and underpinned by Grounded Theory. Two themes emerged; (1) programme contents, (2) social interactions, with each sub-divided. Parents described increased appreciation of physical activity and dietary components, improvements in parenting and good relationships with personnel. A wide range of positive personal outcomes and changes within the family were perceived by parents and adolescents including: changes in physical activity take-up, eating habits, portion sizes, and an improved understanding of parenting an overweight child. The parenting skills element further enhanced the social cohesion fostered through attendance. There were opportunities to build new friendships for both parents and adolescents, and for parents to interact with their offspring in a different context, all of which supported behaviour change. The BZB programme was viewed by participants as successful and delivered by engaging personnel. Key strengths were social cohesion generated by including parenting sessions and inclusiveness of the physical activities on offer. BZB has been refined in response to qualitative evaluations and reviews and this process continues.