Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variable Copy Number, Intra-Genomic Heterogeneities and Lateral Transfers of the 16S rRNA Gene in Pseudomonas

Even though the 16S rRNA gene is the most commonly used taxonomic marker in microbial ecology, its poor resolution is still not fully understood at the intra-genus level. In this work, the number of rRNA gene operons, intra-genomic heterogeneities and lateral transfers were investigated at a fine-scale resolution, throughout the Pseudomonas genus. In addition to nineteen sequenced Pseudomonas strains, we determined the 16S rRNA copy number in four other Pseudomonas strains by Southern hybridization and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, and studied the intra-genomic heterogeneities by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and sequencing. Although the variable copy number (from four to seven) seems to be correlated with the evolutionary distance, some close strains in the P. fluorescens lineage showed a different number of 16S rRNA genes, whereas all the strains in the P. aeruginosa lineage displayed the same number of genes (four copies). Further study of the intra-genomic heterogeneities revealed that most of the Pseudomonas strains (15 out of 19 strains) had at least two different 16S rRNA alleles. A great difference (5 or 19 nucleotides, essentially grouped near the V1 hypervariable region) was observed only in two sequenced strains. In one of our strains studied (MFY30 strain), we found a difference of 12 nucleotides (grouped in the V3 hypervariable region) between copies of the 16S rRNA gene. Finally, occurrence of partial lateral transfers of the 16S rRNA gene was further investigated in 1803 full-length sequences of Pseudomonas available in the databases. Remarkably, we found that the two most variable regions (the V1 and V3 hypervariable regions) had probably been laterally transferred from another evolutionary distant Pseudomonas strain for at least 48.3 and 41.6% of the 16S rRNA sequences, respectively. In conclusion, we strongly recommend removing these regions of the 16S rRNA gene during the intra-genus diversity studies.
An Adaptive Method for Area Light Sources and Daylight in Ray Tracing

This paper proposes an adaptive method for taking both (diffuse or not) planar area light sources and daylight into account in a ray tracing environment which separates the calculation of direct and indirect illumination. In a given point, direct illumination due to a light source or to natural light is represented by a vector, the direction and magnitude of which being computed through an adaptive area approach, which is driven by the solid angle according to which a part of the source is seen from the current point. In the case of unoccluded diffuse polygonal sources, an analytical formula is used which gives an exact value for this vector.
A knowledge-based architecture framework of design for assemble system (DAEx)

Malaysian manufacturing sector has played an important role to boost up the economy at the domestic market. Today, the Malaysian manufacturing sector has facing the challenges that the manufacturing industry need to stay competitive to compete at the global market. Manufacturing cost of the company will directly effect on the company profit as well as product cost. Manufacturing cost may include material cost, labor cost and overhead. Various type of techniques and methods have been used to lower the manufacturing cost. With the advancement of computer, computer software has been used to solve the manufacturing sector problem. In this research, expert system has been proposed to develop a diagnosis system to solve the problem of design of assemble. The effective assembly design of a product will able to reduce the total assembly time as well as reduce the manufacturing cost. An architecture framework of the developed Design for Assemble Expert system (DAEx) is described. The DFA expert system is developed using expert system shell to support the vehicle seat manufacturing process. The main aim is to reduce the assembly time and cost of vehicle seat manufacturing process.
A sharp threshold in proof complexity

We give the first example of a sharp threshold in proof complexity. More precisely, we show that for any sufficiently small <italic>ε>0</italic> and <italic>Δ>2.28</italic>, random formulas consisting of <italic>(1-ε)n</italic> 2-clauses and <italic>&Dgr n</italic> 3-clauses, which are known to be unsatisfiable almost certainly, almost certainly require resolution and Davis-Putnam proofs of unsatisfiability of exponential size, whereas it is easily seen that random formulas with <italic>(1+ε)n</italic> 2-clauses (and <italic>Δ n</italic> 3 clauses) have linear size proofs of unsatisfiability almost certainly. A consequence of our result also yields the first proof that typical random 3-CNF formulas at ratios below the generally accepted range of the satisfiability threshold (and thus expected to be satisfiable almost certainly) cause natural Davis-Putnam algorithms to take exponential time to find satisfying assignments.
From Monologue to Dialogue: Natural Language Generation in OVIS

This paper describes how a language generation system that was originally designed for monologue generation, has been adapted for use in the OVIS spoken dialogue system. To meet the requirement that in a dialogue, the system's utterances should make up a single, coherent dialogue turn, several modifications had to be made to the system. The paper also discusses the influence of dialogue context on information status, and its consequences for the generation of referring expressions and accentuation.
Exceptional C or C with exceptions

C does not have exception handling facilities. Errors are handled by examining the value returned by each function and signals (conditions reported to the program) are handled by using library functions. These approaches lead to ad hoc error‐handling techniques and can make programs hard to understand. Exceptional C, a superset of C, provides exception handling facilities. Exceptional C integrates the two techniques used by C programmers (i.e., status values and signals) to handle errors into one unified exception handling mechanism. In this paper, I review exception handling models, specify the criteria used for designing the exception handling facilities in Exceptional C, and then describe these facilities. I also illustrate the use of the exception handling facilities with examples.
The Neuropsychiatry of Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders: Insights from Neuroimaging into the Neural Circuit Bases of Dysfunction

Background Movement disorders, particularly those associated with basal ganglia disease, have a high rate of comorbid neuropsychiatric illness. Methods We consider the pathophysiological basis of the comorbidity between movement disorders and neuropsychiatric illness by 1) reviewing the epidemiology of neuropsychiatric illness in a range of hyperkinetic movement disorders, and 2) correlating findings to evidence from studies that have utilized modern neuroimaging techniques to investigate these disorders. In addition to diseases classically associated with basal ganglia pathology, such as Huntington disease, Wilson disease, the neuroacanthocytoses, and diseases of brain iron accumulation, we include diseases associated with pathology of subcortical white matter tracts, brain stem nuclei, and the cerebellum, such as metachromatic leukodystrophy, dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy, and the spinocerebellar ataxias. Conclusions Neuropsychiatric symptoms are integral to a thorough phenomenological account of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Drawing on modern theories of cortico-subcortical circuits, we argue that these disorders can be conceptualized as disorders of complex subcortical networks with distinct functional architectures. Damage to any component of these complex information-processing networks can have variable and often profound consequences for the function of more remote neural structures, creating a diverse but nonetheless rational pattern of clinical symptomatology.
The Influence of College Students Belief in a Just World on Litigation Willingness: Mediation Model

: In order to explore the mediating role of sense of security in the relationship between college students' belief in a just world and their willingness to sue, we conducted a questionnaire survey among 878 college students. The results show that college students' belief in a just world can positively predict their litigation will. In addition, the order mediation effect (belief in a just world will enhance the sense of security, and security has a positive predictive effect on litigation will) is also supported. Therefore, college students' belief in a just world can not only positively affect their litigation will, but also indirectly affect them through their sense of security.
Metabonomic studies of pancreatic cancer response to radiotherapy in a mouse xenograft model using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and principal components analysis.

AIM To investigate the metabolic profiles of xenograft pancreatic cancer before and after radiotherapy by high-resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HRMAS (1)H NMR) combined with principal components analysis (PCA) and evaluate the radiotherapeutic effect. METHODS The nude mouse xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer was established by injecting human pancreatic cancer cell SW1990 subcutaneously into the nude mice. When the tumors volume reached 800 mm(3), the mice received various radiation doses. Two weeks later, tumor tissue sections were prepared for running the NMR measurements. (1)H NMR and PCA were used to determine the changes in the metabolic profiles of tumor tissues after radiotherapy. Metabolic profiles of normal pancreas, pancreatic tumor tissues, and radiation- treated pancreatic tumor tissues were compared. RESULTS Compared with (1)H NMR spectra of the normal nude mouse pancreas, the levels of choline, taurine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, lactate, and glutamic acid of the pancreatic cancer group were increased, whereas an opposite trend for phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, and betaine was observed. The ratio of phosphocholine to creatine, and glycerophosphocholine to creatine showed noticeable decrease in the pancreatic cancer group. After further evaluation of the tissue metabolic profile after treatment with three different radiation doses, no significant change in metabolites was observed in the (1)H NMR spectra, while the inhibition of tumor growth was in proportion to the radiation doses. However, PCA results showed that the levels of choline and betaine were decreased with the increased radiation dose, and conversely, the level of acetic acid was dramatically increased. CONCLUSION The combined methods were demonstrated to have the potential for allowing early diagnosis and assessment of pancreatic cancer response to radiotherapy.
Analyzing Large Collections of Electronic Text Using OLAP

Computer-assisted reading and analysis of text has applications in the humanities and social sciences. Ever-larger electronic text archives have the advantage of allowing a more complete analysis but the disadvantage of forcing longer waits for results. On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) allows quick analysis of multidimensional data. By storing text-analysis information in an OLAP system, queries may be solved in seconds instead of minutes or hours. This analysis is user-driven, allowing users the freedom to pursue their own directions of research.
Component-Based Description of Programming Languages

Research in formal description of programming languages over the past four decades has led to some significant achievements. These include formal syntax and semantics for complete major programming languages, and theoretical foundations for novel features that might be included in future languages. Nevertheless, to give a completely formal, validated description of any significant programming language using the conventional frameworks remains an immense effort, disproportionate to its perceived benefits. Our diagnosis of the causes of this disappointing situation highlights two major deficiencies in the pragmatic aspects of formal language descriptions in conventional frameworks: lack of reusable components, and poor tool support. Part of the proposed remedy is a radical shift to a novel component-based paradigm for the development of complete language descriptions, based on simple interfaces between descriptions of syntactic and semantic aspects, and employing frameworks that allow independent description of individual programming constructs. The introduction of a language-independent notation for common programming constructs maximises the reusability of components. Tool support for component-based language description is being developed using the ASF+SDF Meta-Environment; the aim is to provide an efficient component-based workbench for use in design and implementation of future programming languages, accompanied by an online repository for validated formal descriptions of programming constructs and languages.
Agent enabled composition of Services Bundles for M-Commerce Applications

The time, technical, and location constraints of mobile consumers demand the creation of customized ‘bundles’ of services that meet their requirements and can be dynamically created from the available service providers. The dynamic nature of such a service is crucial due to the ever-changing availability of services. Providers can only provide a limited amount of perishable services at one time, with the inability to build up “inventory” to meet peak demand. Unused services result in lost ‘economic rent’ for organizations. By providing an infrastructure that will allow consumer to view available services in the area that meets their particular needs, both the consumer and service provider benefit. The consumer is spared from the cognitive burden of searching through a plethora of services to find one that meets their needs. Also, the service provider is given the opportunity to sell remaining services to minimize their lost economic rent.
MSA AGENT FOR MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS

The MSA Agent is the software developed to design rectangular and U slotted micro strip antenna. It is applied for the various applications such as satellite communications, UHF applications. Within the multimedia frequency range the developed software is tested and analyzed for various results. The software is developed using genetic algorithm. This provides extra flexibility and new capability to design rectangular and U slotted micro strip antenna for multimedia application also. The result shows good agreement with earlier reported result. Index terms Multimedia , frequency slotted micro strip antenna, MSA agent, genetic algorithm, Micro strip antenna, GA.
Exception-Less System Calls for Event-Driven Servers

Event-driven architectures are currently a popular design choice for scalable, high-performance server applications. For this reason, operating systems have invested in efficiently supporting non-blocking and asynchronous I/O, as well as scalable event-based notification systems. We propose the use of exception-less system calls as the main operating system mechanism to construct high-performance event-driven server applications. Exceptionless system calls have four main advantages over traditional operating system support for event-driven programs: (1) any system call can be invoked asynchronously, even system calls that are not file descriptor based, (2) support in the operating system kernel is nonintrusive as code changes are not required for each system call, (3) processor efficiency is increased since mode switches are mostly avoided when issuing or executing asynchronous operations, and (4) enabling multi-core execution for event-driven programs is easier, given that a single user-mode execution context can generate enough requests to keep multiple processors/cores busy with kernel execution. We present libflexsc, an asynchronous system call and notification library suitable for building event-driven applications. Libflexsc makes use of exception-less system calls through our Linux kernel implementation, FlexSC. We describe the port of two popular event-driven servers, memcached and nginx, to libflexsc. We show that exception-less system calls increase the throughput of memcached by up to 35% and nginx by up to 120% as a result of improved processor efficiency.
Revealing plant defense signaling

The regulation mechanisms of any plant-pathogen interaction are complex and dynamic. A proteomic approach is necessary in understanding regulatory networks because it identifies new proteins in relation to their function and ultimately aims to clarify how their expression, accumulation and modification is controlled. One of the major control mechanisms for protein activity in plant-pathogen interactions is protein phosphorylation, and an understanding of the significance of protein phosphorylation in plant-pathogen interaction can be overwhelming. Due to the high number of protein kinases and phosphatases in any single plant genome and specific limitations of any technologies, it is extremely challenging for us to fully delineate the phosphorylation machinery. Current proteomic approaches and technology advances have demonstrated their great potential in identifying new components. Recent studies in well-developed plant-pathogen systems have revealed novel phosphorylation pathways, and some of them are off the core phosphorylation cascades. Additional phosphoproteomic studies are needed to increase our comprehension of the different mechanisms and their fine tuning involved in the host resistance response to pathogen attacks.
PSpice based study of environmental effect on the performance of the solar PV module

Normally, I-V characteristic of a solar PV under STC is a standard curve plotted through a sun simulator. However, in real life situation, the performance of the module is often affected by different environmental parameters that are not taken into account while plotting the curve. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current are directly dependent on irradiance and temperature. Due to dust accumulation, the overall temperature of a solar cell increases when compared under standard operating conditions. Again, due to partial shading, the temperature of the shaded cells increases thereby reducing the output of the shaded cells. This paper focuses on the environmental effects on the performance of a solar PV module through simulation by P-Spice based on experimental data. Through PSpice simulation, it has been found that the overall output of the solar PV decreases substantially with the generation of hot spots due to accumulation of dust and partial shading of the solar panels.
Novel adaptive fringe projection technique for high dynamic range 3D shape measurement

Fringe Projection Profilometry (FPP) is a popular optical method for 3D shape measurement because of its high accuracy, fast measurement speed and full-field inspection nature. However, due to the limited dynamic range of the digital camera, saturated and dark pixels in the captured images will lead to serious phase error and measurement error when the measured object has a drastic texture variation. To deal with such problem, a novel adaptive digital fringe projection technique for high dynamic 3D shape measurement is proposed. In this method, phase-shifting fringes are adaptively generated with the aid of a coordinates mapping process and binary-search technique. Compared with previous adaptive fringe projection techniques, the camera response function and homographic mapping between the camera and projector are not needed, making the whole measurement easier to carry out and less laborious. Experiments validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method for high dynamic range 3D shape measurement
Parametric Learning and Monte Carlo Optimization

This paper uncovers and explores the close relationship between Monte Carlo Optimization of a parametrized integral (MCO), Parametric machine-Learning (PL), and `blackbox' or `oracle'-based optimization (BO). We make four contributions. First, we prove that MCO is mathematically identical to a broad class of PL problems. This identity potentially provides a new application domain for all broadly applicable PL techniques: MCO. Second, we introduce immediate sampling, a new version of the Probability Collectives (PC) algorithm for blackbox optimization. Immediate sampling transforms the original BO problem into an MCO problem. Accordingly, by combining these first two contributions, we can apply all PL techniques to BO. In our third contribution we validate this way of improving BO by demonstrating that cross-validation and bagging improve immediate sampling. Finally, conventional MC and MCO procedures ignore the relationship between the sample point locations and the associated values of the integrand; only the values of the integrand at those locations are considered. We demonstrate that one can exploit the sample location information using PL techniques, for example by forming a fit of the sample locations to the associated values of the integrand. This provides an additional way to apply PL techniques to improve MCO.
Vertical profile variations of ozone in lower stratosphere in Indonesia and influence to upper troposphere ozone based on satellite

This study examined the vertical profile and ozone variation in the lower stratosphere in Indonesia using AQUA/AIRS and AURA/MLS satellite data. Ozone in the stratosphere as an important component in atmospheric chemistry as well as radiation and climate becomes important to learn. Seasonal vertical profiles, time-varying vertical profiles, ozone seasonal variations at pressures of 100 hPa and 70 hPa, ozone time series at pressures of 100 hPa and 70 hPa from 2002 to 2016, average zonal variation (influence latitude) ozone concentrations in Indonesia, and the comparison of the vertical profiles of ozone, HCl, and N2O in the lower stratosphere layer in Indonesia from MLS/AURA satellite data have been done to understand the variation of ozone in the lower stratosphere in Indonesia. The results show that the vertical ozone profile increased from the tropopause then the lower stratosphere to the middle stratosphere with the highest concentration of up to 9 ppmv. The monthly variation of ozone climatology at 70 hPa shows a pattern with a maximum peak in August while at a pressure of 100 hPa it indicates the presence of two maximum peaks in June and September. Time series of ozone at 100 hPa and 70 hPa from 2002 to 2016 show that ozone concentration tended to be constant with very small concentration increase occurring at 70 hPa and 100 hPa. Zonal variation shows the lowest ozone concentration at zero degrees latitude compared to other latitudes, and the vertical profile of ozone has the same pattern as HCl while it is different from N2O. Vertical-time series cross section of ozone and Potential Vorticity (PV) in upper troposphere show influenced of stratospheric air into upper tropospheric air which showed by higher ozone and PV value and can reach until pressure 150 hPa occurred in the same season.