Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Intraoperative High Inspired Oxygen Fraction on Surgical Site Infection, Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, and Pulmonary Function: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background:Intraoperative high inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) is thought to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and postoperative nausea and vomiting, and to promote postoperative atelectasis. Methods:The authors searched for randomized trials (till September 2012) comparing intraoperative high with normal FIO2 in adults undergoing surgery with general anesthesia and reporting on SSI, nausea or vomiting, or pulmonary outcomes. Results:The authors included 22 trials (7,001 patients) published in 26 reports. High FIO2 ranged from 80 to 100% (median, 80%); normal FIO2 ranged from 30 to 40% (median, 30%). In nine trials (5,103 patients, most received prophylactic antibiotics), the incidence of SSI decreased from 14.1% with normal FIO2 to 11.4% with high FIO2; risk ratio, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.59–1.00). After colorectal surgery, the incidence of SSI decreased from 19.3 to 15.2%; risk ratio, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.60–1.02). In 11 trials (2,293 patients), the incidence of nausea decreased from 24.8% with normal FIO2 to 19.5% with high FIO2; risk ratio, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.66–0.93). In patients receiving inhalational anesthetics without prophylactic antiemetics, high FIO2 provided a significant protective effect against both nausea and vomiting. Nine trials (3,698 patients) reported on pulmonary outcomes. The risk of atelectasis was not increased with high FIO2. Conclusions:Intraoperative high FIO2 further decreases the risk of SSI in surgical patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics, has a weak beneficial effect on nausea, and does not increase the risk of postoperative atelectasis.
Apoptosis, ROS and Calcium Signaling in Human Spermatozoa: Relationship to Infertility

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a physiological process involving a finely regulated cascade of biochemical events. The main features of this pathway are the activation of specific proteases such as caspases, the release of pro-apoptotic mitochondrial factors, and finally changes in nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation. Throughout the apoptotic process, one of the responsible signals for initiating the process of programmed cell death is a sustained and manteined increase in intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i). Experimental evidence suggests that an increase in [Ca2+]i could be associated with the apoptotic signal. In fact, an overload of [Ca2+]i due to depletion of intracellular stores or calcium influx from the extracellular medium has been suggested to be a signal that precedes the apoptotic process. Additionally, apoptosis also can be stimulated by oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and menadione, and inhibited by antioxidants.
From social structural factors to perceptions of relationship quality and loneliness: the Chicago health, aging, and social relations study.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test a conceptual model of loneliness in which social structural factors are posited to operate through proximal factors to influence perceptions of relationship quality and loneliness. METHODS We used a population-based sample of 225 White, Black, and Hispanic men and women aged 50 through 68 from the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study to examine the extent to which associations between sociodemographic factors and loneliness were explained by socioeconomic status, physical health, social roles, stress exposure, and, ultimately, by network size and subjective relationship quality. RESULT Education and income were negatively associated with loneliness and explained racial/ethnic differences in loneliness. Being married largely explained the association between income and loneliness, with positive marital relationships offering the greatest degree of protection against loneliness. Independent risk factors for loneliness included male gender, physical health symptoms, chronic work and/or social stress, small social network, lack of a spousal confidant, and poor-quality social relationships. DISCUSSION Longitudinal research is needed to evaluate the causal role of social structural and proximal factors in explaining changes in loneliness.
Learning Weighted Entity Lists from Web Click Logs for Spoken Language Understanding

Named entity lists provide important features for language understanding, but typical lists can contain many ambiguous or incorrect phrases. We present an approach for automatically learning weighted entity lists by mining user clicks from web search logs. The approach significantly outperforms multiple baseline approaches and the weighted lists improve spoken language understanding tasks such as domain detection and slot filling. Our methods are general and can be easily applied to large quantities of entities, across any number of lists. Index Terms: spoken language understanding, domain detection, slot filling, named entity lists, click logs
A compact and wide band SIW metamaterial impedance transformer

In this paper we introduce, for the first time, a compact and dual band substrate integrated waveguide metamaterial impedance transformer. The proposed transformer has been proposed to functions at bandwidth from 4.5 GHz and 6.5 GHz for all possible upper WiMAX frequencies. The design procedures supported by the analytical model has been explained in details. The design of the proposed transformer has been validated using electromagnetic full wave simulations and confirmed by experimental measurements. The results indicate that the proposed impedance transformer has the advantages of compactness and broad bandwidth compared to its conventional one.
The Perception of Probability

We present a computational model to explain the results from experiments in which subjects estimate the hidden probability parameter of a stepwise nonstationary Bernoulli process outcome by outcome. The model captures the following results qualitatively and quantitatively, with only 2 free parameters: (a) Subjects do not update their estimate after each outcome; they step from one estimate to another at irregular intervals. (b) The joint distribution of step widths and heights cannot be explained on the assumption that a threshold amount of change must be exceeded in order for them to indicate a change in their perception. (c) The mapping of observed probability to the median perceived probability is the identity function over the full range of probabilities. (d) Precision (how close estimates are to the best possible estimate) is good and constant over the full range. (e) Subjects quickly detect substantial changes in the hidden probability parameter. (f) The perceived probability sometimes changes dramatically from one observation to the next. (g) Subjects sometimes have second thoughts about a previous change perception, after observing further outcomes. (h) The frequency with which they perceive changes moves in the direction of the true frequency over sessions. (Explaining this finding requires 2 additional parametric assumptions.) The model treats the perception of the current probability as a by-product of the construction of a compact encoding of the experienced sequence in terms of its change points. It illustrates the why and the how of intermittent Bayesian belief updating and retrospective revision in simple perception. It suggests a reinterpretation of findings in the recent literature on the neurobiology of decision making. We live in a world of nonstationary stochastic processes. Discrete events happen at some rate or with some probability. Most of these stochastic processes are nonstationary; their parameters are themselves stochastic variables; they change by unpredictable amounts at unpredictable times. Under at least some circumstances , both human and nonhuman animals adapt their behavior to doubly stochastic processes in approximately optimal ways and These results imply that the brains of both human and nonhuman animals have computational mechanisms that yield reasonably accurate perceptions of simple probabilities, even when those probabilities are not stationary. The estimation of stepwise nonstationary stochastic parameters in real time is a nontrivial computational problem. Its solution has attracted recent interest from cognitive scientists and neuroscien
Quantitative Reasoning of Goal Satisfaction in the i*Framework

In requirement analysis, goal models play an important role in assessing alternative design options of a software system. Many qualitative and quantitative goal reasoning approaches have been proposed for goal models such as Knowledge Acquisition in Automated Space (KAOS), Non- Functional Requirements (NFR), and Goal Oriented Requirement Language (GRL). However, for i* goal model only qualitative reasoning has been proposed in Requirement Engineering literature. The aim of this paper is to present a quantitative goal reasoning for i* goal model. The proposed approach was validated with case studies from existing literature and offers a guide in the decision process. To support the validation a simulation was developed in Visual C++.
Protein phosphatase 2A controls the activity of histone deacetylase 7 during T cell apoptosis and angiogenesis

Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) act as key transcriptional regulators in several important developmental programs. Their activities are controlled via phosphorylation-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Phosphorylation of conserved serine residues triggers association with 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic relocalization of class IIa HDACs, which leads to the derepression of their target genes. Although a lot of effort has been made toward the identification of the inactivating kinases that phosphorylate class IIa HDAC 14-3-3 motifs, the existence of an antagonistic protein phosphatase remains elusive. Here we identify PP2A as a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating the 14-3-3 binding sites in class IIa HDACs. Interestingly, dephosphorylation of class IIa HDACs by PP2A is prevented by competitive association of 14-3-3 proteins. Using both okadaic acid treatment and RNA interference, we demonstrate that PP2A constitutively dephosphorylates the class IIa member HDAC7 to control its biological functions as a regulator of T cell apoptosis and endothelial cell functions. This study unravels a dynamic interplay among 14-3-3s, protein kinases, and PP2A and provides a model for the regulation of class IIa HDACs.
Instructions to Adopt an External Focus Enhance Muscular Endurance

Abstract The influence of internal (movement focus) and external (outcome focus) attentional-focusing instructions on muscular endurance were investigated using three exercise protocols with experienced exercisers. Twenty-three participants completed a maximal repetition, assisted bench-press test on a Smith's machine. An external focus of attention resulted in significant (p < .05) improvements in performance compared to the internal focus of attention, but not the control condition. Seventeen participants completed repetitions to failure at 75% 1-RM on free bench-press and squat exercises. In both tasks, externally focused instructions resulted in significantly greater repetitions to failure than control and internal focus conditions (p < .05). These results support previous research showing beneficial effects of externally focused instructions on movement efficiency.
Novel Alternatively Spliced Exon in the Extracellular Ligand-binding Domain of the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Type 1 Receptor (PAC1R) Selectively Increases Ligand Affinity and Alters Signal Transduction Coupling during Spermatogenesis*

The expression of the paracrine signaling hormonepituitary adenylatecyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is regulated in a cyclical fashion during the 12-day spermatogenic cycle of the adult rat testis. The precise functions of PACAP in the development of germ cells are uncertain, but cycle- and stage-specific expression may augment cAMP-regulated gene expression in germ cells and associated Sertoli cells. Here we report the existence of a heretofore unrecognized exon in the extracellular domain of the PACAP type 1 receptor (PAC1R) that is alternatively spliced during the spermatogenic cycle in the rat testis. This splice variant encodes a full-length receptor with the insertion of an additional 72 base pairs encoding 24 amino acids (exon 3a) between coding exons 3 and 4. The PAC1R(3a) mRNA is preferentially detected in seminiferous tubules and is expressed at the highest levels in round spermatids and Sertoli cells. Analyses of ligand binding and signaling functions in stably transfected HEK293 cells expressing the two receptor isoforms reveals a 6-fold increase in the affinity of the PAC1R(3a) to bind PACAP-38, and alterations in its coupling to both cAMP and inositol phosphate signaling pathways relative to the wild type PAC1R. These findings suggest that the extracellular region between coding exons 3 and 6 of PAC1R may play an important role in the regulation of the relative ligand affinities and the relative coupling to Gs (cAMP) and Gq (inositol phosphates) signal transduction pathways during spermatogenesis.
"I feel it is my responsibility to stream": Streaming and Engaging with Intangible Cultural Heritage through Livestreaming

Globalization has led to the destruction of many cultural practices, expressions, and knowledge found within local communities. These practices, defined by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), have been identified, promoted, and safeguarded by nations, academia, organizations and local communities to varying degrees. Despite such efforts, many practices are still in danger of being lost or forgotten forever. With the increased popularity of livestreaming in China, some streamers have begun to use livestreaming to showcase and promote ICH activities. To better understand the practices, opportunities, and challenges inherent in sharing and safeguarding ICH through livestreaming, we interviewed 10 streamers and 8 viewers from China. Through our qualitative investigation, we found that ICH streamers had altruistic motivations and engaged with viewers using multiple modalities beyond livestreams. We also found that livestreaming encouraged real-time interaction and sociality, while non-live curated videos attracted attention from a broader audience and assisted in the archiving of knowledge.
Interoperability of multiple autonomous databases

Database systems were a solution to the problem of shared access to heterogeneous files created by multiple autonomous applications in a centralized environment. To make data usage easier, the files were replaced by a globally integrated database. To a large extent, the idea was successful, and many databases are now accessible through local and long-haul networks. Unavoidably, users now need shared access to multiple autonomous databases. The question is what the corresponding methodology should be. Should one reapply the database approach to create globally integrated distributed database systems or should a new approach be introduced? We argue for a new approach to solving such data management system problems, called multidatabase or federated systems. These systems make databases interoperable, that is, usable without a globally integrated schema. They preserve the autonomy of each database yet support shared access. Systems of this type will be of major importance in the future. This paper first discusses why this is the case. Then, it presents methodologies for their design. It further shows that major commerical relational database systems are evolving toward multidatabase systems. The paper discusses their capabilities and limitations, presents and discusses a set of prototypes, and, finally, presents some current research issues.
The O-glycosylated Stalk Domain Is Required for Apical Sorting of Neurotrophin Receptors in Polarized MDCK Cells

Delivery of newly synthesized membrane-spanning proteins to the apical plasma membrane domain of polarized MDCK epithelial cells is dependent on yet unidentified sorting signals present in the luminal domains of these proteins. In this report we show that structural information for apical sorting of transmembrane neurotrophin receptors (p75NTR) is localized to a juxtamembrane region of the extracellular domain that is rich in O-glycosylated serine/threonine residues. An internal deletion of 50 amino acids that removes this stalk domain from p75NTR causes the protein to be sorted exclusively of the basolateral plasma membrane. Basolateral sorting stalk-minus p75NTR does not occur by default, but requires sequences present in the cytoplasmic domain. The stalk domain is also required for apical secretion of a soluble form of p75NTR, providing the first demonstration that the same domain can mediate apical sorting of both a membrane-anchored as well as secreted protein. However, the single N-glycan present on p75NTR is not required for apical sorting of either transmembrane or secreted forms.
Method and Apparatus for Implementing Layers on a Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator

A method for implementing a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator on a target includes utilizing one or more processing elements to implement a standard convolution layer. A configuration of the CNN accelerator is modified to change a data flow between components on the CNN accelerator. The one or more processing elements is utilized to implement a fully connected layer in response to the change in the data flow.
CASCADED MULTILEVEL INVERTER WITH MULTICARRIER PWM TECHNIQUES

Multilevel inverter has so many advantages than conventional two level inverter. As the number of level increases the output approaches to a pure sinusoidal wave.Multilevel inverter using both fundamental frequency switching and higher frequency switching. In this paper discuss only about higher frequency switching.In higher frequency switching we are using two signals, one is reference signal and the other one is carrier signal. For Sinusoidal PWM technique sinusoidal wave be the reference signal and triangular wave be the carrier signal. This paper discuss about SinePWM Techniques with multicarrier. Simulation done on 7 level cascaded HBridge inverter with multicarrier SinusoidalPWM technique.
Testing for Local Adaptation to Spawning Habitat in Sympatric Subpopulations of Pike by Reciprocal Translocation of Embryos

We tested for local adaption in early life-history traits by performing a reciprocal translocation experiment with approximately 2,500 embryos of pike (Esox lucius) divided in paired split-family batches. The experiment indicated local adaptation in one of the two subpopulations manifested as enhanced hatching success of eggs in the native habitat, both when compared to siblings transferred to a non-native habitat, and when compared to immigrant genotypes from the other subpopulation. Gene-by-environment effects on viability of eggs and larvae were evident in both subpopulations, showing that there existed genetic variation allowing for evolutionary responses to divergent selection, and indicating a capacity for plastic responses to environmental change. Next, we tested for differences in female life-history traits. Results uncovered that females from one population invested more resources into reproduction and also produced more (but smaller) eggs in relation to their body size compared to females from the other population. We suggest that these females have adjusted their reproductive strategies as a counter-adaptation because a high amount of sedimentation on the eggs in that subpopulations spawning habitat might benefit smaller eggs. Collectively, our findings point to adaptive divergence among sympatric subpopulations that are physically separated only for a short period during reproduction and early development—which is rare. These results illustrate how combinations of translocation experiments and field studies of life-history traits might infer about local adaptation and evolutionary divergence among populations. Local adaptations in subdivided populations are important to consider in management and conservation of biodiversity, because they may otherwise be negatively affected by harvesting, supplementation, and reintroduction efforts targeted at endangered populations.
Objective and subjective measures of sedentary behavior and physical activity.

PURPOSE To examine the convergent validity of the ActiGraph and activPAL accelerometers with the Bouchard Activity Record (BAR) in adults. Sedentary behavior and walking were evaluated in all instruments; standing and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was evaluated only in those that detected such variables. METHODS Thirty-two participants wore the accelerometers and completed the BAR concurrently for 1 d. Descriptive statistics and delta values were reported for all instruments. Summary time spent in sedentary behavior and walking was compared between all instruments using repeated-measures ANOVA. Dependent t-tests were used to analyze summary time in 1) standing between activPAL and BAR and 2) MVPA between ActiGraph and BAR. Bland-Altman plots were interpreted for systematic bias. On a detailed level, concurrent time interval data were compared using mean percent agreement and κ statistics. RESULTS There was a significant difference found in summary time spent in sedentary behavior apparent between ActiGraph and activPAL as well as between ActiGraph and BAR. There was also a significant difference detected in time spent in walking, apparent between ActiGraph and activPAL, and between ActiGraph and BAR. In the time interval analysis, mean percent agreement ranged from 54.0% (for walking detected by ActiGraph and activPAL) to 86.7% (for MVPA by ActiGraph and BAR). κ values ranged from 0.25 (for walking by ActiGraph and activPAL) to 0.70 (for sedentary behavior between activPAL and BAR). Differences were also found in standing and MVPA. CONCLUSIONS The activPAL and BAR showed convergence on both summary and concurrent time interval levels in both sedentary behavior and walking. The comparative discordance between activPAL and BAR with ActiGraph was likely a function of different approaches used to distinguish sedentary behavior from walking.
Evaluating Overlapping Communities with the Conductance of their Boundary Nodes

Usually the boundary of a community in a network is drawn between nodes and thus crosses its outgoing links. If we construct overlapping communities by applying the link-clustering approach nodes and links interchange their roles. Therefore, boundaries must drawn through the nodes shared by two or more communities. For the purpose of community evaluation we define a conductance of boundary nodes of overlapping communities analogously to the graph conductance of boundary-crossing links used to partition a graph into disjoint communities. We show that conductance of boundary nodes (or normalised node cut) can be deduced from ordinary graph conductance of disjoint clusters in the network's weighted line graph introduced by Evans and Lambiotte (2009) to get overlapping communities of nodes in the original network. We test whether our definition can be used to construct meaningful overlapping communities with a local greedy algorithm of link clustering. In this note we present encouraging results we obtained for Zachary's karate-club network.
Gene expression in nuclear microenvironments for biological control and cancer

The author is appreciative of the editorial assistance of Elizabeth Bronstein in the preparation of this manuscript. She is a valued member of our research team. The central theme of my research has consistently been to investigate mechanisms that control proliferation and differentiation with emphasis on regulation that is compromised in cancer. Starting as a graduate student, I have been committed to exploring cell cycle and growth control and tissue-specific transcription. And, I have been fortunate, throughout my career, to have colleagues who nurtured an architectural perspective of gene expression providing a novel dimension to the problem from both fundamental biological and clinical perspectives.