Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cynicism and disengagement among devalued employee groups: the need to ASPIRe

Despite a renewed interest in processes which help organizations to harness social capital, it is apparent that practical efforts to achieve this rarely focus on employees who are members of low status groups. In large part this is because such employees tend to be skeptical of, and to resist, engagement in intervention programs on the basis of previous adverse experience regarding the benefits achieved and lack of trust. This paper presents evidence that, among hospital staff, work groups who felt they were devalued displayed higher levels of cynicism regarding the potential efficacy of a stress intervention program. Within the organization, devalued groups were characterized by lower levels of organizational identification and members of these groups reported under‐utilization of their skills by the organization. Thus, there is evidence that organizations are failing to realize the social capital of specific groups. The ASPIRe model of organizational development is discussed as an appropriate vehicle to provide devalued groups with genuine opportunities for development and empowerment. To the extent that such a program receives genuine institutional support, we argue that it has the potential to unlock key enclaves of social capital that tend otherwise to be overlooked.
Visual design of planning domains

Description of planning domains and problems is the first critical task when using planning technology. It naturally belongs to the area of Knowledge Engineering as it involves knowledge extraction (from the user) and schematic formulation of problems. To make the task more comprehensive for non-experts in planning we propose to use graphical representation for planning domains. This method has been already used in systems GIPO (Simpson et al. 2007) and itSIMPLE (Vaqueroet al. 2007). In this paper we will describe system VIZ inspired by them. Unlike GIPO or itSimple, VIZ is a lightweight system which uses straightforward approach to model a planning domain. Users do not need to be familiar with PDDL syntax. VIZ provides a graphical user interface for description of planning domains and problems. The interface uses collection of simple diagrams which can be exported directly into PDDL.
Towards a canonical form for computer programs

An approach to the mechanization of the certification of programs is the development of a canonical form for computer programs. Two programs would be declared equivalent, that is, for all inputs they produce identical outputs, if and only if they have the same canonical form. The nature of such a canonical form for computer programs is discussed. For a certain non-trivial class of programs, a methodology for producing the canonical form from the original program is developed, and the present limitations of this approach are explored. Finally, the methodology is applied to two different sort algorithms, demonstrating that these algorithms are equivalent since they possess the same canonical form.
Positron emission mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer

Summary Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity) of positron emission mammography (PEM) in a single site non-interventional study using the maximum PEM uptake value (PUVmax). Patients, methods: In a singlesite, non-interventional study, 108 patients (107 women, 1 man) with a total of 151 suspected lesions were scanned with a PEM Flex Solo II (Naviscan) at 90 min p.i. with 3.5 MBq 18F-FDG per kg of body weight. In this ROI(region of interest)-based analysis, maximum PEM uptake value (PUV) was determined in lesions, tumours (PUVmaxtumour), benign lesions (PUVmaxnormal breast) and also in healthy tissues on the contralateral side (PUVmaxcontralateral breast). These values were compared and contrasted. In addition, the ratios of PUVmaxtumour / PUVmaxcontralateral breast and PUVmaxnormal breast / PUVmaxcontralateral breast were compared. The image data were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians and compared with histology in cases of suspected carcinoma. Results: Based on a criteria of PUV>1.9, 31 out of 151 lesions in the patient cohort were found to be malignant (21%). A mean PUVmaxtumour of 3.78 ± 2.47 was identified in malignant tumours, while a mean PUVmaxnormal breast of 1.17 ± 0.37 was reported in the glandular tissue of the healthy breast, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean ratio between tumour and healthy glandular tissue in breast cancer patients (3.15 ± 1.58) was found to be significantly higher than the ratio for benign lesions (1.17 ± 0.41, p < 0.001). Conclusion: PEM is capable of differentiating breast tumours from benign lesions with 100% sensitivity along with a high specificity of 96%, when a threshold of PUVmax >1.9 is applied.
Emerging Applications of Abdominal 4D Flow MRI.

OBJECTIVE Comprehensive assessment of abdominal hemodynamics is crucial for many clinical diagnoses but is challenged by a tremendous complexity of anatomy, normal physiology, and a wide variety of pathologic abnormalities. This article introduces 4D flow MRI as a powerful technique for noninvasive assessment of the hemodynamics of abdominal vascular territories. CONCLUSION Four-dimensional flow MRI provides clinicians with a more extensive and straightforward approach to evaluate disorders that affect blood flow in the abdomen. This review presents a series of clinical cases to illustrate the utility of 4D flow MRI in the comprehensive assessment of the abdominal circulation.
Lesbian and gay theory, sexuality and citizenship

David Evans, Sexual Citizenship: The Material Construction of Sexualities, (Routledge, London 1993). 352pp. ISBN 0–4150–058007 Didi Herman, Rights of Passage: Struggles for Lesbian and Gay Equality, (University of Toronto Press, London 1994). ix+198pp. ISBN 0–8020–7231–3. Anthony Giddens, The Transformation of Intimacy, (Polity Press, Cambridge 1992). 212pp. ISBN 0–8047–2214–5. Ken Plummer, Telling Sexual Stories: Power, Change and Social Worlds, (Routledge, London 1995). xii+244pp. ISBN 0–415–10296–0. Jeffrey Weeks, Invented Moralities: Sexual Values in an Age of Uncertainty, (Polity Press, Cambridge 1995). xiii+209pp. ISBN 0–7456–1369–1. Angelia R. Wilson (ed), A Simple Matter of Justice? Theorising Lesbian and Gay Politics, (Cassell, London 1995). xi+226pp. ISBN 0–304–32955‐X.
Statistical Grammar Models and Lexicon Acquisition 12.1 Introduction

This paper presents a framework for developing and training statistical grammar models for the acquisition of lexicon information. Util-ising a robust parsing environment and mathematically well-deened unsupervised training methods, the framework enables us to induce lexicon information from text corpora. Particular strengths of the approach concern (i) the fact that no extensive manual work is required to set up the framework, and (ii) that the framework is applicable to any desired language. It has already been applied to English and Manual work within the framework is reduced to a minimum, since the necessary grammars need not go into detailed structures for the relevant grammar aspects to be trained suuciently. The automatic training process utilises a shallow parser embedded in the mathematically well-deened Expectation-Maximisation algorithm. The training approach enforces the lexicalised parameters in the statistical grammar to obtain linguistic reliability. A basic assumption thereby expects that the linguistically correct analyses of text correspond to those analyses which 59 Linguistic Form and its Computation.
FeatureMatch: A General ANNF Estimation Technique and its Applications

In this paper, we propose FeatureMatch, a generalised approximate nearest-neighbour field (ANNF) computation framework, between a source and target image. The proposed algorithm can estimate ANNF maps between any image pairs, not necessarily related. This generalisation is achieved through appropriate spatial-range transforms. To compute ANNF maps, global colour adaptation is applied as a range transform on the source image. Image patches from the pair of images are approximated using low-dimensional features, which are used along with KD-tree to estimate the ANNF map. This ANNF map is further improved based on image coherency and spatial transforms. The proposed generalisation, enables us to handle a wider range of vision applications, which have not been tackled using the ANNF framework. We illustrate two such applications namely: 1) optic disk detection and 2) super resolution. The first application deals with medical imaging, where we locate optic disks in retinal images using a healthy optic disk image as common target image. The second application deals with super resolution of synthetic images using a common source image as dictionary. We make use of ANNF mappings in both these applications and show experimentally that our proposed approaches are faster and accurate, compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.
Robust Real-Time Control of a Two-Rotor Aerodynamic System

Abstract This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of a two-degree-of-freedom discrete-time µ-controller for a laboratory two-rotor aerodynamic system with ten uncertain parameters. The controller implemented is of 24th order and ensures robust stability and robust performance of the closed-loop sampled-data system. This controller is realized on a PC by using the Real Time Workshop of MATLAB® with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The experimental results are close to the results predicted by using the linearized model of the system and highlight many of the difficulties associated with the practical implementation of robust control laws.
Applying Social Cognitive Theory to Develop Targeted Messages: College Students and Physical Activity

Despite the importance of physical activity, college students currently do not participate in the recommended amounts of physical activity. Fortunately, the field of communication is uniquely situated to assist in promoting physical activity behaviors by examining and developing effective messages. To help accomplish this task, the current article qualitatively explores messages college students hear regarding physical activity using Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Analysis of the messages using thematic analysis revealed that SCT can be useful in explaining the impact of messages on health behaviors. Results suggested that college students focus primarily on messages delivered from two sources—themselves and important others. In addition, messages included all components of SCT (self-efficacy, goals, outcome expectations, and environmental factors), with students predominantly focusing on self-efficacy and environmental factors. This framework provides a starting point for developing effective message interventions to promote physical activity behavior among college students.
Qualitative Model Evolution

A genetic algorithm is used for learning qualitative model* based on the QSIM formalism. Hierarchical representation enables formation of "submodels" relevant for induction of domain explanation. Daring the search for better coding of the candidates, in parallel with the search for better solutions, the sise and shape of candidate solutions are dynamically created. Optimisation is based on the maximisation of the number of examples covered by a candidate solution combined with the minimisation of the number of constraints used in the solution. The result of learning is a set of models of different specificity that explain all given examples. An experiment in learning a qualitative model of the connected container system (U-TUBE) is described in detail. Several solutions, equivalent to the original model, were discovered.
Brain activity during visual versus kinesthetic imagery: An fMRI study

Although there is ample evidence that motor imagery activates similar cerebral regions to those solicited during actual movements, it is still unknown whether visual (VI) and kinesthetic imagery (KI) recruit comparable or distinct neural networks. The present study was thus designed to identify, through functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 Tesla in 13 skilled imagers, the cerebral structures implicated in VI and KI. Participants were scanned in a perceptual control condition and while physically executing or focusing during motor imagery on either the visual or kinesthetic components of an explicitly known sequence of finger movements. Subjects' imagery abilities were assessed using well‐established psychological, chronometric, and new physiological measures from the autonomic nervous system. Compared with the perceptual condition, physical executing, VI, and KI resulted in overlapping (albeit non‐identical) brain activations, including motor‐related regions and the inferior and superior parietal lobules. By contrast, a divergent pattern of increased activity was observed when VI and KI were compared directly: VI activated predominantly the occipital regions and the superior parietal lobules, whereas KI yielded more activity in motor‐associated structures and the inferior parietal lobule. These results suggest that VI and KI are mediated through separate neural systems, which contribute differently during processes of motor learning and neurological rehabilitation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender Bias in Examinations: how equal are the opportunities?

Abstract Recent analyses of public examination results, particularly in the GCSE, have demonstrated significant gender differences in both entry patterns and outcomes. This generally involves better results for girls in subjects other than mathematics and some sciences. The article discusses whether examination boards should work for equal outcomes given that the assessment techniques used in examinations may differentially affect girls’ and boys’ performances, as evidenced by objective tests and coursework. We argue that the type of assessment is only one factor and that the different experiences and expectations of both pupils and teachers also play significant parts. Equal outcomes should not therefore be contrived simply by manipulation of assessment techniques. What may be required is more sensitivity to gender related differences in approach and experiences. How much the recent changes to national curriculum assessment will take account of these factors will need further monitoring.
Activation of human platelets by cocaine.

BACKGROUND Cocaine ingestion has been associated with thrombosis of coronary as well as peripheral arteries, but the mechanism by which cocaine promotes thrombus formation is unknown. Accordingly, we determined whether cocaine activates human platelets by flow cytometric analysis of whole blood to which cocaine was added. METHODS AND RESULTS Activated platelets were detected by "two-color" flow cytometric analysis of the binding of fluorescently labeled antibodies directed against either platelet-associated fibrinogen or P-selectin, which are found on the surface of platelets only after stimulation. Platelets were distinguished from other constituents of whole blood by their ability to bind an anti-glycoprotein Ib antibody bound to both activated and resting platelets. Incubation of whole blood with cocaine, in concentrations of 10 microM to 13 mM, induced significant increases in both platelet-associated fibrinogen (range of increase, 45 +/- 12% to 125 +/- 40%) and P-selectin expression (36 +/- 15% to 112 +/- 24%). In platelets suspended in either buffer or plasma, however, P-selectin expression was detected only at the highest cocaine concentration (85 +/- 13% increase in plasma and 59 +/- 7% in buffer). Neither aspirin nor the ADP scavenger apyrase inhibited cocaine-induced P-selectin expression. Cocaine inhibited the uptake of 14C-radiolabeled serotonin by platelets (IC50, 8.7 microM). P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding were found after the addition of cocaine alone to blood taken from some but not all donors; however, platelet activation in response to submaximal concentrations of the agonists ADP or epinephrine was enhanced by a low concentration of cocaine added to blood from every donor. CONCLUSIONS Cocaine, in concentrations similar to those found clinically, induces activation of individual platelets studied in whole blood from some but not all donors, and platelet response to physiological agonists is enhanced by cocaine. Thus, cocaine-induced platelet activation may contribute to thrombosis following cocaine ingestion.
Improved Relief Texture Mapping Using Minmax Texture

We propose a method for three-dimensional surface details mapping and rendering based on conventional relief texture mapping. The depth extrema of intersection points within a viewing cone are computed and stored in a minmax texture in the preprocessing time. This texture is then used to narrow down the search space of ray-height-field intersection during rendering. As experimental results show, our method presents better visual quality and efficiency than previous proposed related methods[14][3][6][1][12][11][9].
An overview of robustness related issues in speaker recognition

Speaker recognition technologies have been improved rapidly in recent years. However, critical robustness issues need to be addressed when they are applied in practical situations. This paper provides an overview of technologies dealing with robustness related issues in automatic speaker recognition. We first categorize the robustness issues into three categories, including environment-related, speaker-related and application-oriented issues. For each category, we then describe the current hot topics, existing technologies, and potential research focuses in the future.
Standardization and research in cognitive and dynamic spectrum access networks: IEEE SCC41 efforts and other activities

Spectrum crowding, spectrum management, quality of service, and user support are the topics of vigorous research in the cognitive and dynamic spectrum access network communities. As research matures, standardization provides a bridge between research results, implementation, and widespread deployment of such networks. This article reports recent developments within the IEEE Standardization Coordinating Committee 41, "Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks. " It outlines possible future standardization topics for IEEE SCC41, in the framework of other related standardization activities, and discusses open research issues that present future challenges for the standardization community.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Assessments of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the treatment of alcoholism have not been based on quantitative meta-analysis. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in order to evaluate the clinical efficacy of LSD in the treatment of alcoholism. Two reviewers independently extracted the data, pooling the effects using odds ratios (ORs) by a generic inverse variance, random effects model. We identified six eligible trials, including 536 participants. There was evidence for a beneficial effect of LSD on alcohol misuse (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.36–2.84; p = 0.0003). Between-trial heterogeneity for the treatment effects was negligible (I2 = 0%). Secondary outcomes, risk of bias and limitations are discussed. A single dose of LSD, in the context of various alcoholism treatment programs, is associated with a decrease in alcohol misuse.
Consequences of Intermodality Registration Errors for Intramodality 3D Ultrasound IGRT

Intramodality ultrasound image-guided radiotherapy systems compare daily ultrasound to reference ultrasound images. Nevertheless, because the actual treatment planning is based on a reference computed tomography image, and not on a reference ultrasound image, their accuracy depends partially on the correct intermodality registration of the reference ultrasound and computed tomography images for treatment planning. The error propagation in daily patient positioning due to potential registration errors at the planning stage was assessed in this work. Five different scenarios were simulated involving shifts or rotations of ultrasound or computed tomography images. The consequences of several workflow procedures were tested with a phantom setup. As long as the reference ultrasound and computed tomography images are made to match, the patient will be in the correct treatment position. In an example with a phantom measurement, the accuracy of the performed manual fusion was found to be ≤2 mm. In clinical practice, manual registration of patient images is expected to be more difficult. Uncorrected mismatches will lead to a systematically incorrect final patient position because there will be no indication that there was a misregistration between the computed tomography and reference ultrasound images. In the treatment room, the fusion with the computed tomography image will not be visible and based on the ultrasound images the patient position seems correct.
Method of Multiple Fault Isolation in Large Scale Systems

In this paper, problems of the online diagnostics of multiple faults in large scale systems are presented. Possibilities of recognition of multiple faults based on the knowledge of signatures of the single faults are discussed. The distinction between simultaneous faults and the series of faults is introduced and defined. The necessary condition for diagnostic reasoning assuming an occurrence of multiple faults is formulated. This paper will show that multiple faults appearing simultaneously or within short time intervals are correctly isolated under the assumption of single faults, if the subsets of faults suitable for isolation are disjunctive. A novel, practical and easy to implement algorithm designed for reasoning multiple faults is presented. An industrial example of the online diagnostics of a steam-water line of the power boiler is given.
Prediction of Recidivism Using the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles Within a Forensic Sample

The Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL-R) has been well established as a predictor of recidivism in the literature. However, the research generally points to Factor 2 (antisocial behavior) as a stronger predictor of recidivism than Factor 1 (interpersonal/affective). Because recent research has examined the importance of cognition in offending, it was hypothesized that inclusion of a measure of criminal cognition would augment the PCL-R in predicting recidivism. The various factors, scales, total scores, and interaction terms were entered into a series of regression analyses to examine if recidivism prediction improved. Results provide preliminary support for the utilization of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) in conjunction with the PCL-R, as the proactive factor and the Superoptimism scale of the PICTS combined with Factor 2 of the PCL-R produced significant results.
POST-ADOPTION REGRET AND BIASED VICARIOUS LEARNING IN INNOVATION ABANDONMENT BANDWAGONS.

We advance understanding of abandonment bandwagons by theorizing and simulating how post-adoption regret may bias vicarious learning in innovation abandonment. We argue that regret leads actors to over-sample from non-abandoners such that it systematically slows, rather than quickens, abandonment processes. We simulate resulting population-level abandonment processes under varying parameter settings.