Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context for Understanding the National Demonstration Project and the Patient-Centered Medical Home

This article introduces a journal supplement evaluating the country’s first national demonstration of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) concept. The PCMH is touted by some as a linchpin for renewing the foundering US health care system and its primary care foundation. The National Demonstration Project (NDP) tested a new model of care and compared facilitated and self-directed implementation approaches in a group-randomized clinical trial. The NDP asked what a national sample of 36 highly motivated family practices could accomplish in moving toward the PCMH ideal during 2 years within the current US health care payment and organizational system. Our independent evaluation used a multimethod approach that integrated qualitative methods to tell the NDP story from multiple perspectives and quantitative methods to assess and compare aspects that could be measured. The 7 scientific reports presented in this supplement explain the process, outcomes, lessons, and implications of the NDP. This introductory article provides context for making sense of the NDP. Important context includes the evolution of the PCMH concept and movement, the roots of the NDP and how it developed, and both what is valuable and what is problematic about family medicine and primary care. Together, the articles in this supplement show how primary care practices and the concept of the PCMH can continue to evolve. The evaluation depicts some of the early effects of this evolution on patients and practices, and shows how the process of practice development can be understood and how lessons from the NDP can inform ongoing and future efforts to transform primary care and health care systems.
Mnemonic Strategies and Classroom Learning: A Twenty-Year Report Card

In this article I review a generation of educationally relevant mnemonic (memory-enhancing) strategy research. A variety of mnemonic strategies and curricular applications are graded from A to F. Awarded A's are (1) mnemonic materials specially designed for factual content, and (2) mnemonic applications with educationally handicapped students. In the B category are (1) student-generated simple mnemonic strategies following specific instructions and practice, and (2) extensions beyond memory for lists of facts to memory for text-embedded information, as well as to alternative performance outcomes and alternative types of knowledge. The C's and D's include (1) more complex mnemonic strategy applications and combinations, (2) independent strategy maintenance and transfer, and (3) mnemonic strategy instruction for ethnically different students. Along with the identification of sources of strategy implementation failure (F) comes the prospect of future successes.
The OpenDC Vision: Towards Collaborative Datacenter Simulation and Exploration for Everybody

In the new Digital Economy, massive computer systems, often grouped in datacenters, serve as factories "producing" cloud services with massive consumption. However, to afford cloud services globally, we must address new research challenges in designing, operating, and using modern datacenters. We must also address challenges in educating and training the next generation of datacenter engineers. Addressing such challenges, in this work we present our vision on OpenDC: we envision the exploration of various datacenter concepts and technologies, using existing and new scientific methods, enabling new education practices and topics, and leading to the creation of new software and data artifacts. We present the datacenter concepts and technologies we are currently planning to explore using OpenDC. We identify the scientific methods we want to use, and explain our vision of education practices. We present the architecture and open-source program underlying the OpenDC software, and the format and open-access data we use for datacenter experiments. We conclude with an open invitation for the community to join our effort.
Burn Resuscitation—Hourly Urine Output Versus Alternative Endpoints: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Controversy remains over appropriate endpoints of resuscitation during fluid resuscitation in early burns management. We reviewed the evidence as to whether utilizing alternative endpoints to hourly urine output produces improved outcomes. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and full-text clinicians’ health journals at OVID, from 1990 to January 2014, were searched with no language restrictions. The keywords burns AND fluid resuscitation AND monitoring and related synonyms were used. Outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, organ dysfunction, length of stay (hospital, intensive care), time on mechanical ventilation, and complications such as incidence of pulmonary edema, compartment syndromes, and infection. From 482 screened, eight empirical articles, 11 descriptive studies, and one systematic review met the criteria. Utilization of hemodynamic monitoring compared with hourly urine output as an endpoint to guide resuscitation found an increased survival (risk ratio [RR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.85; P < 0.004), with no effect on renal failure (RR, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–1.43; P = 0.38). However, inclusion of the randomized controlled trials only found no survival advantage of hemodynamic monitoring over hourly urine output (RR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–1.19; P = 0.19) for mortality. There were conflicting findings between studies for the volume of resuscitation fluid, incidence of sepsis, and length of stay. There is limited evidence of increased benefit with utilization of hemodynamic monitoring, however, all studies lacked assessor blinding. A large multicenter study with a priori–determined subgroup analysis investigating alternative endpoints of resuscitation is warranted.
Examining Questionable Child Sex Abuse Allegations in Their Environmental and Psychodynamic Contexts

Unwarranted, questionable and uncertain allegations of child sexual abuse may not be discerned easily in 2 or 3 clinical sessions. This paper begins with a discussion of environmental circumstances conducive to questionable allegations, such as previously determined invalid cases, continuously symptomatic children, and litigated cases. Next are considered conditions related to the involved children: problems with trusting the evaluator, ongoing psychological accommodation to the molester, need for rapid decisionmaking with a well-defended child, the child's amnesia, a child unconcerned about sex abuse, and entrenched psychopathology. Finally, ways to improve clinical pursuit of questionable allegations are offered: seeing the child and parents over a longer time period; intensifying the focus on family and molester-child dynamics; and ascertaining the current family milieu promoting non-disclosure of sex abuse. Eleven case examples are presented.
The Expertise Reversal Effect

When new information is presented to learners, it must be processed in a severely limited working memory. Learning reduces working memory limitations by enabling the use of schemas, stored in long-term memory, to process information more efficiently. Several instructional techniques have been designed to facilitate schema construction and automation by reducing working memory load. Recently, however, strong evidence has emerged that the effectiveness of these techniques depends very much on levels of learner expertise. Instructional techniques that are highly effective with inexperienced learners can lose their effectiveness and even have negative consequences when used with more experienced learners. We call this phenomenon the expertise reversal effect. In this article, we review the empirical literature on the interaction between instructional techniques and levels of learner experience that led to the identification of the expertise reversal effect.
Microwave Photonic Technique for Frequency Measurement of Simultaneous Signals

A novel microwave photonic frequency measurement (MPFM) receiver is reported. The technique directly maps the frequency information of the incoming simultaneous signals to a distinct set of relative time delays utilizing a dispersive medium. The measurement of the observed time delay directly equates to the value of the input signal frequency. The operation of the MPFM receiver concept is successfully verified for two simultaneous signals at 20 and 40 GHz, demonstrating a potential capability for use in a spectrally cluttered environment.
Projection patterns of individual X‐ and Y‐cell axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus to cortical area 17 in the cat

Horseradish peroxidase was injected intracellularly into single, physiologically‐identified X‐ and Y‐cell geniculocortical axons projecting to area 17 of the cat. This injection anterogradely labeled the axon terminal fields in cortex and retrogradely labeled the somata of these same axons in laminae A and A1 of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The laminar projections of 21 X‐ and 15 Y‐cell axons were analyzed. For these, the laminar terminations of ten X‐ and seven Y‐cell axons were also related to their cells' positions in the A‐laminae.
Challenges to Industry Adoption of the IEC 61499 Standard on Event-based Function Blocks

The IEC 61499 standard on event-based function blocks was adopted between 2003 and 2005. Even considering this relatively recent acceptance as a standard, adoption by the major control system equipment vendors has been slow to nonexistent. This paper examines some of the challenges that must be met to encourage more active use and support for IEC 61499 function blocks. Some current research activities are noted, as well as some ideas for future research and development with the intent to make adoption of IEC 61499 more attractive to both vendors and customers.
Combined constraint matching algorithm for stereo visual odometry based on local interest points

In this paper, we describe a new approach which uses scale-invariant image features to estimate the motion of a stereo head. These point features are matched between pairs of frames and linked into image trajectories at video rate, generating what it is called visual odometry, i.e. motion estimates from visual input alone. With respect to previously proposed approaches, the main novelty of our proposal is that the matching between sets of features associated to stereo pairs and between sets of image features associated to consecutive frames are conducted by means of a fast combined constraint matching algorithm. Besides, the efficiency of the approach is increased by using a closed-form solution to estimate the final robot displacement between consecutive acquired frames. We have tested the proposed approach for navigational purposes in a real environment. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposal.
Perceptions of the Collective Other

It is contended that perceptions of groups are affected by particular variables that do not apply to individuals (e.g., intragroup similarity and proximity). Importantly, the perception of outgroup threat has incomplete analogs at the individual level. Results from 3 studies support predictable distinctions between representations of individuals and of groups. Study I showed that priming of the word they produces more extreme negative judgments of the protagonist(s) in a story about 4 individuals acting jointly than in the same story with a single person acting alone. The opposite result holds for priming with the word he. Study 2, with Korean participants, demonstrates that actions by individuals or groups elicit differing preferences for redress. Individual responses (e.g., getting mad) to an individual racial insult (e.g., a snub by a waitress) are preferred to collective responses (e.g., circulating a petition), whereas the reverse preferences holdfor a group insult (e.g., taunts from a gang of White youths). In Study 3, cues to the entitivity of a group are introduced. This concept, introduced by Donald Campbell (1958), distinguishes different degrees of “groupness. ” Visual depictions of collections of unfamiliar humanoid creatures (greebles) were used to convey that they were either similar or dissimilar and either proximate or scattered. Results confirm the expectation that similarity and proximity-two entitive conditions-elicit more negative judgments of the group. Attention to other cues for entitivity may enrich social psychological views of stereotyping and prejudice by focusing on perceptions of groups as coordinated actors with the potential to bring about negative consequences. Such experiments point to the needfor greater research focus on the vastly understudied but fundamental problem of the social cognition of group behavior.
Federated Identity Management: Shortcomings of existing standards

As the coverage area of conventional identity & access managementsolutions is limited by an organization’s boundaries, several approaches for Federated Identity Management(FIM), i.e., cross‐organizational identity and user data exchange, have emerged. In this paper we demonstrate that even the most important FIM standards have several shortcomings in common which are prejudicial to early FIM adoption in large heterogeneous service infrastructures.
The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the adequacy of antimicrobial treatment for bloodstream infections and clinical outcomes among patients requiring ICU admission. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A medical ICU (19 beds) and a surgical ICU (18 beds) from a university-affiliated urban teaching hospital. PATIENTS Between July 1997 and July 1999, 492 patients were prospectively evaluated. INTERVENTION Prospective patient surveillance and data collection. RESULTS One hundred forty-seven patients (29.9%) received inadequate antimicrobial treatment for their bloodstream infections. The hospital mortality rate of patients with a bloodstream infection receiving inadequate antimicrobial treatment (61.9%) was statistically greater than the hospital mortality rate of patients with a bloodstream infection who received adequate antimicrobial treatment (28.4%; relative risk, 2. 18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77 to 2.69; p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified the administration of inadequate antimicrobial treatment as an independent determinant of hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.86; 95% CI, 5.09 to 9.24; p < 0.001). The most commonly identified bloodstream pathogens and their associated rates of inadequate antimicrobial treatment included vancomycin-resistant enterococci (n = 17; 100%), Candida species (n = 41; 95.1%), oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 46; 32.6%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 96; 21.9%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 22; 10.0%). A statistically significant relationship was found between the rates of inadequate antimicrobial treatment for individual microorganisms and their associated rates of hospital mortality (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.8287; p = 0.006). Multiple logistic regression analysis also demonstrated that a bloodstream infection attributed to Candida species (AOR, 51.86; 95% CI, 24.57 to 109.49; p < 0.001), prior administration of antibiotics during the same hospitalization (AOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.58 to 2.74; p = 0.008), decreasing serum albumin concentrations (1-g/dL decrements) (AOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.56; p = 0.014), and increasing central catheter duration (1-day increments) (AOR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.04; p = 0.008) were independently associated with the administration of inadequate antimicrobial treatment. CONCLUSIONS The administration of inadequate antimicrobial treatment to critically ill patients with bloodstream infections is associated with a greater hospital mortality compared with adequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections. These data suggest that clinical efforts should be aimed at reducing the administration of inadequate antimicrobial treatment to hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections, especially individuals infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Candida species.
Adult Aural Rehabilitation: What Is It and Does It Work?

Adult aural rehabilitation is here defined holistically as the reduction of hearing-loss-induced deficits of function, activity, participation, and quality of life through a combination of sensory management, instruction, perceptual training, and counseling. There is a tendency for audiologists to focus on sensory management, aural rehabilitation being seen as something done by someone else after the provision of hearing aids or cochlear implants. Effective sensory management may, by itself, lead to improved activity, participation, and quality of life, but there is no guarantee that these outcomes will be automatic or optimal. In fact, there is often a disconnect between clinical measures of assisted auditory function and self-assessed benefit. Costs associated with a holistic approach can be minimized by bundling as many as possible into the cost of hearing devices, by taking advantage of computer-based perceptual training, and by capitalizing on the benefits of group counseling.
Changes in integrative complexity accompanying significant life events : historical evidence

Integrative complexity is a state cognitive style variable characterized by differentiation (the recognition of different dimensions within, or perspectives on, a given stimulus) and integration (the recognition of trade-offs, syntheses, and higher order concepts relating the differentiated units). In the current study, a positive (e.g., professional achievement or marriage) and a negative (e.g., loss of employment or death of close relative) significant life event were identified in the biographies of 30 famous people. Random samples of correspondence from periods 1-2 years before, during, and 1-2 years after each selected event were scored for integrative complexity
Differential effects of cognitive load on university wind students’ practice

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive load during practice on university wind students’ learning. Cognitive load was manipulated through instrument family (woodwind or brass) and the amount of repetition used in practice (highly repetitive or random). University woodwind and valved-brass students (N = 46) completed two practice sessions and two retention testing sessions. Participants practiced three seven-pitch tasks in either a blocked, repetitive order or in a random order. Performance trials were scored for accuracy, speed and evenness. At 24-hour retention, woodwind players who had practiced in a random order were able to play significantly faster, F(4,80) = 4.448, p = . 003, η2 = . 15, and more evenly, F(4,80) = 4.464, p = . 003, η2 = . 16, than woodwind players who had practiced in a blocked order. However, for brass players, blocked practice supported better accuracy, F(4,64) = 3.508, p = . 012, η2 = . 15, and speed, F(4,64) = 4.489, p = . 003, η2 = . 18, than random practice. A secondary research question examined participants’ judgment of learning. At the end of the second practice session, participants predicted the tempo they expected to be able to play the tasks at during the 24-hour retention session. A significant correlation between predicted and performed tempo was found for brass players using blocked practice (r = .360, p = .04).
A Comparison of Cooking Recipe Named Entities between Japanese and English

In this paper, we analyze the structural differences between the instructional text in Japanese and English cooking recipes. First, we constructed an English recipe corpus of 100 recipes, designed to be comparable to an existing Japanese recipe corpus. We annotated recipe named entities (r-NEs) in the English corpus according to guidelines previously defined for Japanese. We trained a state-of-art NE recognizer, PWNER, on the English r-NEs, and achieved very similar accuracy and coverage to previous results for the Japanese corpus, thus demonstrating the quality and consistency of the annotations. Second, we compared the r-NEs annotated in the Japanese and English corpora, and uncovered lexical, semantic, and underlying structural differences between Japanese and English recipes. We discuss reasons for these differences, which have significant implications for cross-language retrieval and automatic translation of recipes.
A Novel Processing Chain for Shadow Detection and Pixel Restoration in High Resolution Satellite Images Using Image Imposing

High resolution satellite images may contain shadows due to the limitations of imaging circumstances and presence of tall-standing objects. These shadows cause problems in the exploitation of such images. This paper proposes a complete processing chain to mitigate these shadow effects. This processing chain has two parts. A shadow detection part bases on image imposing and a pixel restoration part based on Bayesian belief propagation algorithm. The shadow detection part executes a Binary conversion supervised by Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and a Canny Edge Detector followed by Image Imposing. The pixel restoration part has two phases. An examplebased learning phase and a conclusion phase. In the example-based learning phase, the positions of the shadow and non-shadow pixels are observed and stored in different libraries named as shadow and non-shadow library. By exploiting their Markov Property, the samples are connected by Markov Random Field (MRF). In the conclusion part, the relationship learnt from MRF is used for Decision Making by Bayesian Belief Propagation algorithm. In the end, the restored image is evaluated by comparing the Image Enhancement Factors (IEF) of the images which are shadow detected by image imposing and by morphological filtering. The results after the evaluation on the satellite images exhibit that the shadow detection part is fine and the recovered shadow regions are consistent with their neighboring non-shadow region.
Premature mortality in adults using New Zealand psychiatric services.

AIMS People with experience of mental illness, in particular those accessing mental health services, have increased mortality compared to the general population, but no studies have examined the situation in New Zealand. This study uses a complete national dataset to estimate mortality rates from natural and external causes for adults using psychiatric services compared to the general New Zealand population. METHODS Routinely collected data on adults aged 18-64 using secondary mental health services between January 2002 and December 2010 were linked to death registrations over the same period. Indirect standardisation was used to estimate the mortality ratio (SMR) for those with any contact with mental health services over this period compared to the New Zealand population. RESULTS Both men and women using mental health services in New Zealand have more than twice the mortality rate of the total population [combined SMR 2.14 (95% CI 2.09-2.19)], with an increased risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular disease [SMRs=1.31(1.24-1.37), and 1.69 (1.60-1.79) respectively], and external causes (suicide and accidents) [SMR 3.11 (3.00-3.23)]. People with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder had three times the overall death rate of the population. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that those using mental health services in New Zealand are dying prematurely from both natural and external causes, and provides evidence which supports calls for coordinated action on this issue.
Representing Cyclic Structures as Nested Datatypes

We show that cyclic structures, i.e., finite or possibly infinite structures with backpointers, unwindable into possibly infinite structures, can be elegantly represented as nested datatypes. This representation is free of the various deficiencies characterizing the more naive representation as mixed-variant datatypes. It is inspired by the representation of lambda-terms as a nested datatype via the de Bruijn notation.