Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An assisted workflow for the early design of nearly zero emission healthcare buildings

Energy efficiency in buildings is one of the main goals of many governmental policies due to their high impact on the carbon dioxide emissions in Europe. One of these targets is to reduce the energy consumption in healthcare buildings, which are known to be among the most energy-demanding building types. Although design decisions made at early design phases have a significant impact on the energy performance of the realized buildings, only a small portion of possible early designs is analyzed, which does not ensure an optimal building design. We propose an automated early design support workflow, accompanied by a set of tools, for achieving nearly zero emission healthcare buildings. It is intended to be used by decision makers during the early design phase. It starts with the user-defined brief and the design rules, which are the input for the Early Design Configurator (EDC). The EDC generates multiple design alternatives following an evolutionary algorithm while trying to satisfy user requirements and geometric constraints. The generated alternatives are then validated by means of an Early Design Validator (EDV), and then, early energy and cost assessments are made using two early assessment tools. A user-friendly dashboard is used to guide the user and to illustrate the workflow results, whereas the chosen alternative at the end of the workflow is considered as the starting point for the next design phases. Our proposal has been implemented using Building Information Models (BIM) and validated by means of a case study on a healthcare building and several real demonstrations from different countries in the context of the European project STREAMER.
Electrophysiological Responses to Alcohol Cues Are Not Associated with Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer in Social Drinkers

Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer (PIT) refers to the behavioral phenomenon of increased instrumental responding for a reinforcer when in the presence of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli that were separately paired with that reinforcer. PIT effects may play an important role in substance use disorders, but little is known about the brain mechanisms that underlie these effects in alcohol consumers. We report behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data from a group of social drinkers (n = 31) who performed a PIT task in which they chose between two instrumental responses in pursuit of beer and chocolate reinforcers while their EEG reactivity to beer, chocolate and neutral pictorial cues was recorded. We examined two markers of the motivational salience of the pictures: the P300 and slow wave event-related potentials (ERPs). Results demonstrated a behavioral PIT effect: responding for beer was increased when a beer picture was presented. Analyses of ERP amplitudes demonstrated significantly larger slow potentials evoked by beer cues at various electrode clusters. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no significant correlations between behavioral PIT effects, electrophysiological reactivity to the cues, and individual differences in drinking behaviour. Our findings are the first to demonstrate a PIT effect for beer, accompanied by increased slow potentials in response to beer cues, in social drinkers. The lack of relationship between behavioral and EEG measures, and between these measures and individual differences in drinking behaviour may be attributed to methodological features of the PIT task and to characteristics of our sample.
Heterochrony and Artificial Embryogeny: A Method for Analyzing Artificial Embryogenies Based on Developmental Dynamics

Artificial embryogenies are an extension to evolutionary algorithms, in which genotypes specify a process to grow phenotypes. This approach has become rather popular recently, with new kinds of embryogenies being increasingly reported in the literature. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to analyze and compare the available embryogenies, especially if they are based on very different paradigms. We propose a method to analyze embryogenies based on growth dynamics, and how evolution is able to change them (heterochrony). We define several quantitative measures that allow us to establish the variation in growth dynamics that an embryogeny can create, the degree of change in growth dynamics caused by mutations, and the degree to which an embryogeny allows mutations to change the growth of a genotype, but without changing the final phenotype reached. These measures are based on an heterochrony framework, due to Alberch, Gould, Oster, & Wake (1979 Size and shape in ontogeny and phylogeny, Paleobiology, 5(3), 296317) that is used in real biological organisms. The measures are general enough to be applied to any embryogeny, and can be easily computed from simple experiments. We further illustrate how to compute these measures by applying them to two simple embryogenies. These embryogenies exhibit rather different growth dynamics, and both allow for mutations that changed growth without affecting the final phenotype.
Modeling and analyzing the spread of worms based on quarantine

There has been a constant barrage of worms over the Internet during the recent past. To develop appropriate tools for thwarting quick spread of worms, researchers are trying to understand the behavior of the worm propagation with the aid of epidemiological models. In this paper a worm propagation model with quarantine strategy is presented and discussed based on the classical epidemic Kermack-Mckendrick model. Global stability of equilibriums of the model is studied. Numerical simulations confirmed the theoretical results.
Effects of overweight and leisure-time activities on aerobic fitness in urban and rural adolescents.

BACKGROUND The aim of this research was to study the effects of overweight and leisure-time activities on maximal aerobic capacity (VO(2)max) in urban and rural Omani adolescents. METHODS A total of 529 (245 males, 284 females) adolescents, aged 15-16 years were randomly selected from segregated urban and rural schools. Maximal aerobic capacity was estimated using the multistage 20-meter shuttle-run test. RESULTS The body mass index (BMI) of urban boys and girls was significantly higher than that of rural boys and girls. Urban boys and girls spent significantly less weekly hours on sports activities and significantly more weekly hours on TV/computer games than their rural counterpart. Urban boys and girls achieved significantly less VO(2)max than rural boys and girls (44.2 and 33.0 vs. 48.3 and 38.6 mL/kg/min, respectively). Maximal aerobic capacity was negatively correlated with BMI in urban boys. CONCLUSION Overweight and inactivity had significant negative effects on cardiorespiratory fitness in urban boys and girls as compared to their rural counterparts. Weight gain in adolescence requires early intervention.
In vivo estimation of dynamic muscle-tendon moment arm length using a wearable sensor system

In this research, the dynamic moment arm length of legpsilas muscle-tendon groups, including Soleus (SO), Tibilis Anterior (TA), Biceps Femoris Caput Breve (BS), Glusteus (GU), Vastus (VA), Iliopsoas (IL), Gastrocnemius (GA), Rectus Femoris (RF) and Hamstring (HA), was estimated in the sagittal plane based on a wearable sensor system. The wearable sensor system for body motion analysis in daily environment was used to measure kinematical data of lower extremities during gait instead of optical camera system that is laboratory-restricted. A serious of regression equations by inputting morphological parameters of lower extremities osteology was used to calculate a muscle-tendon origin-insertion coordinates in a coordinates system of musculoskeletal model. The morphological parameters of lower extremities osteology can be easily and directly measured by in vivo human body. By integration of the kinematical data and the musculoskeletal model, an algorithm was developed to estimate dynamic muscle-tendon moment arm length not only suitable for the simple articular muscles but also for the biarticular muscles. The result suggested the method in our study is feasible to estimate dynamic muscle-tendon moment arm length in human daily activities.
Different Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae Strains IMI330189 and IBC200614 on Enzymes Activities and Hemocytes of Locusta migratoria L.

Background Metarhizium is an important class of entomopathogenic fungi in the biocontrol of insects, but its virulence is affected by insect immunity. To clarify the mechanism in virulence of Metarhizium, we compared the immunological differences in Locusta migratoria L. when exposed to two strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma). Results The virulence of Ma IMI330189 was significantly higher than that of Ma IBC200614 to locust, and IMI330189 overcame the hemocytes and began destroying the hemocytes of locust at 72 h after spray, while locust is immune to IBC200614. IMI330189 could overcome the humoral immunity of locust by inhibiting the activities of phenol oxidase (PO), esterases, multi-function oxidases (MFOs) and acetylcholinesterases in locust while increasing the activities of glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), catalase and aryl-acylamidase (AA). However IBC200614 inhibit the activities of GSTs and AA in locust and increase the activities of MFOs, PO, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and chitinase in locust. The changes of enzymes activities in period of infection showed that the time period between the 2nd and the 5th day after spray is critical in the pathogenic process. Conclusion These results found the phenomenon that Ma initiatively broke host hemocytes, revealed the correlation between the virulence of Ma and the changes of enzymes activities in host induced by Ma, and clarified the critical period in the infection of Ma. So, these results should provide guidance for the construction of efficient biocontrol Ma strains.
Maintaining an Abusive Relationship: What Do Relational Maintenance Behaviors Really Mean?.

In most interpersonal communication courses, educators teach their students about the actions competent communicators will take to make a relationship more satisfying for both parties. What happens, however, when educators consider maintenance behaviors in the context of a relationship that is destructive, a system that is not only dysfunctional, but is abusive? It might be expected that the behaviors that maintain a healthy relationship would also maintain a sick one. An even deeper question might be whether or not relationship maintenance behaviors that function to nurture a healthy relationship also function to nurture--to fuel--the dysfunction in an abusive system. If so, then the very behaviors educators teach as important skills to know and to enact as a competent communicator may function to increasingly entrap, enmesh, and contribute to a system that is destructive to that communicator. This paper briefly reviews some of the research on relational maintenance behaviors, concluding that, on the basis of the review, it appears that enacting relationship maintenance behaviors are functional if a person wants to preserve a relationship, repair a relationship, or help a relationship become more satisfying for both partners. The paper then reviews characteristics of an abusive relational system. Finally, it looks at how relational maintenance behaviors may function within the context of that system. (Contains 12 references and 2 tables.) (NKA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Maintaining an Abusive Relationship 1 RUNNINGHEAD: Maintaining an Abusive Relationship: What Do Relational Maintenance Behaviors Really Mean? PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Temperature sensing based on multimodal interference in plastic optical fibers: Sensitivity enhancement by annealing

To date, we have developed a temperature sensor based on multimodal interference in a plastic optical fiber (POF) with an extremely high sensitivity. Here we experimentally evaluate the influence of annealing (heat treatment) of the POF on the temperature sensitivity at room temperature. We show that the temperature sensitivity is enhanced with increasing annealing temperature, and that, by annealing the POF at 90°C, we obtain a temperature sensitivity of +2.17 nm/°C, which is approximately 3 times larger than that without annealing.
Annexin 1: the new face of an old molecule

The annexin superfamily consists of 13 calcium or calcium and phospholipid binding proteins with a significant degree of biological and structural homology (40–60%). First described in the late 1970s and subsequently referred to as macrocortin, renocor‐tin, lipomodulin, lipocortin‐1, and more recently Annexin I, this 37 kDa calcium and phospholipid binding protein is a strong inhibitor of glucocorticoid‐induced eicosanoid synthesis and PLA2. Recent interest in the biological activity of this intriguing molecule has unraveled important functional attributes of Annexin 1 in a variety of inflammatory pathways, on cell proliferation machinery, in the regulation of cell death signaling, in phagocytic clearance of apoptosing cells, and most importantly in the process of carcinogenesis. Here we attempt to present a short review on these diverse biological activities of an interesting and important molecule, which could be a potential target for novel therapeutic intervention in a host of disease states. —Lim, L. H. K. , Pervaiz, S. Annexin 1: the new face of an old molecule. FASEB J. 21, 968–975 (2007)
Modeling and testing object‐oriented distributed systems with linear‐time temporal logic

We present a framework for constructing formal models of object‐oriented distributed systems and a property language to express behavioral constraints in such models. Most of the existing models have their origin in specific mathematical notations and/or concepts. In contrast, we have developed our model such that it accounts for a large set of phenomena associated with industrial implementations of object‐oriented distributed systems. The model that we propose, while closer to industrial concerns and practice, still has the powerful features of formal approaches. It also offers the possibility to automatically check at service run‐time that the final service implementation has not violated and is not violating properties expressed at the abstraction level of our model. In our model, which relies on event‐based behavioral abstraction, we use linear‐time temporal logic as the underlying formalism for the specification of properties. We introduce two novel operators which are especially useful for object‐oriented systems and which provide a number of advantages over the well‐known temporal logic operators. A recent decision of one of our industrial partners to adopt our proposal into one of their development platforms can be seen as a strong evidence of the relevance of our work and as a promising step towards a better understanding between the academic formal methods community and industry. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cost analysis of intraoperative microelectrode recording during subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is the standard of care for treating medically intractable Parkinson's disease. Although the adjunct of microelectrode recording improves the targeting accuracy of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in comparison with image guidance alone, there has been no investigation of the financial cost of intraoperative microelectrode recording. This study was performed to address this issue. A comprehensive literature search of large subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation series (minimum, 75 patients) was performed, revealing a mean operating room time of 223.83 minutes for unilateral and 279.79 minutes for simultaneous bilateral implantation. The baseline operating room time was derived from the published operating room time for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation without microelectrode recording. The total cost (operating room, anesthesia, neurosurgery) was then calculated based on hospitals geographically representative of the entire United States. The average cost for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation implantation with microelectrode recording per patient is $26,764.79 for unilateral, $33,481.43 for simultaneous bilateral, and $53,529.58 for staged bilateral. For unilateral implantation, the cost of microelectrode recording is $19,461.75, increasing the total cost by 267%. For simultaneous bilateral implantation, microelectrode recording costs $20,535.98, increasing the total cost by 159%. For staged bilateral implantation, microelectrode recording costs $38,923.49, increasing the total cost by 267%. Microelectrode recording more than doubles the cost of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease and more than triples the cost for unilateral and staged bilateral procedures. The cost burden of microelectrode recording to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation requires the clinical efficacy of microelectrode recording to be proven in a prospective evidence‐based manner in order to curtail the potential for excessive financial burden to the health care system. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
The Interaction between Early Life Epilepsy and Autistic-Like Behavioral Consequences: A Role for the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway

Early life seizures can result in chronic epilepsy, cognitive deficits and behavioral changes such as autism, and conversely epilepsy is common in autistic children. We hypothesized that during early brain development, seizures could alter regulators of synaptic development and underlie the interaction between epilepsy and autism. The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) modulates protein translation and is dysregulated in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, a disorder characterized by epilepsy and autism. We used a rodent model of acute hypoxia-induced neonatal seizures that results in long term increases in neuronal excitability, seizure susceptibility, and spontaneous seizures, to determine how seizures alter mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. We hypothesized that seizures occurring at a developmental stage coinciding with a critical period of synaptogenesis will activate mTORC1, contributing to epileptic networks and autistic-like behavior in later life. Here we show that in the rat, baseline mTORC1 activation peaks during the first three postnatal weeks, and induction of seizures at postnatal day 10 results in further transient activation of its downstream targets phospho-4E-BP1 (Thr37/46), phospho-p70S6K (Thr389) and phospho-S6 (Ser235/236), as well as rapid induction of activity-dependent upstream signaling molecules, including BDNF, phospho-Akt (Thr308) and phospho-ERK (Thr202/Tyr204). Furthermore, treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin immediately before and after seizures reversed early increases in glutamatergic neurotransmission and seizure susceptibility and attenuated later life epilepsy and autistic-like behavior. Together, these findings suggest that in the developing brain the mTORC1 signaling pathway is involved in epileptogenesis and altered social behavior, and that it may be a target for development of novel therapies that eliminate the progressive effects of neonatal seizures.
DPA attacks on keys stored in CMOS cryptographic devices through the influence of the leakage behavior

This paper describes the influences of the threshold voltage VT on the leakage behavior of the dice after a fabrication process. By measuring the current consumption (leakage) on a CMOS cryptographic device like smartcard security controller and using the DPA analysis it is possible to make the key visible which is used during a cryptographic operation. Therefore, in this paper not only the security risks by using the smartcard security controller will be shown where no DPA attacks have been performed. Furthermore, it will be shown that the results of DPA analysis only on a coincidentally selected die cannot be representative for the whole production. Rather the DPA analysis must be performed on a particularly selected die with the smallest VT parameter (worst case in the leakage behavior), so that the result for all other dice on the wafer (or for the whole production) can be considered as relevant. Thus, it will be shown that the test labs must use different methods regarding the DPA analysis in order to be able to cover the leakage behavior on all wafers of a production. For further re-evaluation of smartcards it is important that the manufacturer and the test labs can save time and costs by DPA measuring on the special selected worst case die.
Preselecting Homotopies for the Weighted Disjoint Paths Problem 1

The work of Robertson and Seymour implies that the disjoint paths problem is polynomial solvable for a fixed number of terminals. Even, Itai and Shamir showed that a weighted version of the problem is NP-hard even for a demand graph consisting of two edges. In the present paper, it is shown that the weighted disjoint paths problem is polynomial solvable for graphs embedded on a fixed surface and fixed demand graph. An alternative formulation of the problem is: given a graph G embedded in a plane with a certain number of forbidden regions, find a maximum weight collection of pairwise internally disjoint paths connecting nodes as specified by some fixed demand graph. The results imply that this problem is polynomial solvable if the number of forbidden regions is bounded. One consequence is the existence of a polynomial-time algorithm for finding a maximum collection of induced paths between specified nodes in a graph embedded on a fixed surface.
Study of the Formation and Solution Properties of Worm-Like Micelles Formed Using Both N-Hexadecyl-N-Methylpiperidinium Bromide-Based Cationic Surfactant and Anionic Surfactant

The viscoelastic properties of worm-like micelles formed by mixing the cationic surfactant N-hexadecyl-N-methylpiperidinium bromide (C16MDB) with the anionic surfactant sodium laurate (SL) in aqueous solutions were investigated using rheological measurements. The effects of sodium laurate and temperature on the worm-like micelles and the mechanism of the observed shear thinning phenomenon and pseudoplastic behavior were systematically investigated. Additionally, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy images further ascertained existence of entangled worm-like micelles.
A Deep Learning Approach towards Cross-Lingual Tweet Tagging

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is important in analysing the context of a statement and also the sentiments associated with it. Although Twitter Data is noisy, it is valuable due to the amount of information it can provide. Therefore, NER for Twitter Data is necessary. Our model aims to extract the named entities from tweets using a Recurrent Neural Network Core. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) was used to learn long term dependencies in our supervised learning model. The sequence-to-sequence architecture was used in the implementation of our supervised learning model.