Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Link between Water Scarcity and Forced Migration: An In-depth Analysis of Chaubise Rural Municipality Ward No 3 and 4, Dhankuta District

Using inductive and deductive methodologies, this study uses a mixed-method research design to examine migration patterns in Chaubise Rural Municipality Wards No. 3 and 4, Dhankuta District. A thorough study was built using quantitative data that was gathered using structured questionnaires and qualitative information. The study reveals a noteworthy occurrence of permanent migration, primarily driven by economic development, increased work opportunities, restricted access to clean water, and conflicts between people and wildlife. Economic expansion and better job chances stand out among these elements as the main inducers of migration. Access to drinking water is still a critical issue, although it is a secondary element due to communities' historical rejection of piped drinking water services and related levies.
Do Class 1 Antiarrhythmic Drugs Impair Myocardial Contractility? The Class 1A Example of Ajmaline (Conductance Catheter Technique)

Antiarrhythmic drug effects may include car-diodepression. This risk is theoretically well recognized but clinically rather poorly defined. To evaluate the risks of ajmaline treatment, we monitored hemodynamic parameters and end-systolic pressure-volume relations (ESPVR) to evaluate potential negative inotropic effects. Twelve patients (nonischemic CAD) underwent hemodynamic analysis with and without the influence of ajmaline, 1 mg/kg i.v. , both (a) at rest (paced constant heart rate of 90 beats/min) and (b) during tachycardia of 160 beats/min. With ajmaline, LV pump function was found to have diminished moderately: ejection fraction by 23 and 10%, stroke volume by 10 and 0%, cardiac work by 5 and 16%, and dP/dtmax by 14 and 19%, respectively. While preload increased under the influence of ajmaline (LVEDP by 17 and 30%, respectively), the LV volumes increased (EDV by 18 and 12%, and ESV by 58 and 21%, respectively), and afterload remained unchanged. Ajmaline caused the loops of the ESPVR to move rightward and the slope k to decrease, thus indicating loss of inotropy under the influence of the antiarrhythmic agent. In essence, ajmaline's negative inotropic components were defined by the conductance technique, but they failed to induce clinically relevant cardiodepression in the above NYHA class II patients. This technique proved to be sensitive, useful, and safe in the assessment of inotropic effects by analyzing the ESPVR within the routine of the catheterization laboratory.
Risk of Maritime Traffic in Coastal Waters

This paper addresses the broad aspects of safety of maritime transportation from the identification to the management of risks related particularly to the maritime traffic in coastal waters. A brief overview of present-day maritime accident statistics are presented and the methodologies that have been adopted in the maritime sector to analyze ship accidents are reviewed. The paper also reviews the models and tools that have been used for simulation of ship navigation and for accident probability prediction based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and the analysis and modelling of the influence of human and organisational factors on ship accidents. The development of maritime risk models based on Bayesian Networks and the various elements that influence an effective response to maritime accidents are also addressed.
Head Position Comparison between Students with Normal Hearing and Students with Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Abstract Introduction Head sense position is coordinated by sensory activity of the vestibular system, located in the inner ear. Children with sensorineural hearing loss may show changes in the vestibular system as a result of injury to the inner ear, which can alter the sense of head position in this population. Aim Analyze the head alignment in students with normal hearing and students with sensorineural hearing loss and compare the data between groups. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study examined the head alignment of 96 students, 48 with normal hearing and 48 with sensorineural hearing loss, aged between 7 and 18 years. The analysis of head alignment occurred through postural assessment performed according to the criteria proposed by Kendall et al. For data analysis we used the chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Results The students with hearing loss had a higher occurrence of changes in the alignment of the head than normally hearing students (p < 0.001). Forward head posture was the type of postural change observed most, occurring in greater proportion in children with hearing loss (p < 0.001), followed by the side slope head posture (p < 0.001). Conclusion Children with sensorineural hearing loss showed more changes in the head posture compared with children with normal hearing.
Scheduling smart home appliances using mixed integer linear programming

This paper considers the minimum electricity cost scheduling problem of smart home appliances. Operation characteristics, such as expected duration and peak power consumption of the smart appliances, can be adjusted through a power profile signal. The optimal power profile signal minimizes cost, while satisfying technical operation constraints and consumer preferences. Constraints such as enforcing uninterruptible and sequential operations are modeled in the proposed framework using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Several realistic scenarios based on actual spot price are considered, and the numerical results provide insight into tariff design. Computational issues and extensions of the proposed scheduling framework are also discussed.
Organization of Tropical Convection: Dependence of Self-Aggregation on SST in an Idealized Modeling Study

Convective cloud clusters are responsible for most of the rainfall and cloudiness over the tropics, with approximately 50% of rainfall in the tropics due to mesoscale convective systems (Nesbitt et al., 2000). This allows tropical cloud clusters to modulate the radiative heating and cooling rates of the surface and atmosphere and influence the large-scale circulation and moisture distribution. In idealized modeling studies, the development of large-scale convective organization through self-aggregation alters the mean temperature and moisture profiles and radiative fluxes, highlighting the effect of organized convection on variables important to climate. The phase change into an aggregated state is accompanied by a dramatic drying of the entire domain. A systematic dependence of water vapor, turbulent surface fluxes, and radiation on the degree of convective aggregation is also found in observations (Tobin et al., 2011). They found that when deep convection is more aggregated, there is a decrease in the free tropospheric humidity in the convectionfree environment, enhanced turbulent surface fluxes within and outside convective areas, and reduced low-mid level cloudiness in the environment. Therefore, understanding how and why tropical convection organizes is important for understanding both tropical and global climate variability, and climate sensitivity. In this study, the problem is approached through the context of idealized modeling of convective organization in radiative convective equilibrium using a cloud resolving model. Previous studies have investigated interactions between the environment and the convection that allow convection to self-aggregate into a single cluster, and have found this self-aggregation to be dependent on a sea surface temperature threshold (Khairoutdinov and Emanuel, 2010). To examine the nature of this threshold, the System for Atmospheric Modeling is used to perform 3-d cloud resolving simulations at different sea surface temperatures. Simulations in which aggregation does occur are then closely compared to those in which it does not, via analysis with a moisture sorted streamfunction. Sensitivity experiments are then performed to determine the relevant feedback mechanism that controls the SST dependence of self-aggregation. This study investigates three basic questions:
EUROTRA: A Multilingual System under Development

This paper tries to give an overview of the state of EUROTRA development at the beginning of 1985. The system is under development in the sense that the project is now an official project of the European community, much basic preliminary work has been done, and work in the Member States has started. However, as will be seen, linguistic work is in a very early stage, and no very concrete results are as yet available. The paper is composed as follows. In the first two sections, we describe the project 's purpose, some of the external factors influencing its organisation, its infrastructure and some of the design principles deriving from these general considerations. Section 3 discusses in more detail the model of translation on which the project is based and some of the linguistic and metalinguistic issues involved. In section 4 we turn to the issue of communication between the linguists developing the linguistic modules and the computer. It presents our choice of a software environment that allows rapid development and modification of problem-oriented notations for linguists. Section 5 describes the architecture of the current software prototype, which has been implemented following the principles outlined in section 4. Since EUROTRA, as already noted, is barely out of its preparatory phase, the final sections do little more than sketch some factors that will determine the project 's future development.
Private Incremental Regression

Data is continuously generated by modern data sources, and a recent challenge in machine learning has been to develop techniques that perform well in an incremental (streaming) setting. A variety of offline machine learning tasks are known to be feasible under differential privacy, where generic construction exist that, given a large enough input sample, perform tasks such as PAC learning, Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM), regression, etc. In this paper, we investigate the problem of private machine learning, where as common in practice, the data is not given at once, but rather arrives incrementally over time. We introduce the problems of private incremental ERM and private incremental regression where the general goal is to always maintain a good empirical risk minimizer for the history observed under differential privacy. Our first contribution is a generic transformation of private batch ERM mechanisms into private incremental ERM mechanisms, based on a simple idea of invoking the private batch ERM procedure at some regular time intervals. We take this construction as a baseline for comparison. We then provide two mechanisms for the private incremental regression problem. Our first mechanism is based on privately constructing a noisy incremental gradient function, which is then used in a modified projected gradient procedure at every timestep. This mechanism has an excess empirical risk of ≈√d where d the input and constraint set can be used to derive significantly better results for certain interesting regression problems. Our second mechanism which achieves this is based on the idea of projecting the data to a lower dimensional space using random projections, and then adding privacy noise in this low dimensional space. The mechanism overcomes the issues of adaptivity inherent with the use of random projections in online streams, and uses recent developments in high-dimensional estimation to achieve an excess empirical risk bound of ≈ T1/3 W2/3, where T is the length of the stream and W is the sum of the Gaussian widths of the input domain and the constraint set that we optimize over.
Child sexual abuse.

It is estimated that the number of child victims of sexual assault is in excess of 200,000 per year. Many of these children are brought to emergency room facilities or to their private physician's office for evaluation. The recent advances in the area of diagnosis and management of children who are the victims of sexual abuse are presented.
A single-node datastore for high-velocity multidimensional sensor data

Sources of multidimensional data are becoming more prevalent, partly due to the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), and so is the need to ingest and analyze data streams at rates higher than before. Some industrial IoT applications require ingesting millions of records per second, while processing queries on recently ingested and historical data. Unfortunately, existing database systems targeting multidimensional data exhibit low per-node ingestion performance, and even if they can scale horizontally in distributed settings, they require large number of nodes to meet such ingest demands. For this reason, in this paper we present a single-node datastore able to ingest multidimensional sensor data at very high rates. Its design centers around a two-level indexing structure, wherein the global index is an in-memory R∗-tree and the local indices are serialized kd-trees. This study is confined to records with numerical indexing fields and range queries, and covers ingest throughput, query response time, and storage footprint. We show that the adopted design streamlines data ingestion and offers ingress rates two orders of magnitude higher than those of a selection of open-source database systems, namely Percona Server, SQLite, and Druid. Our prototype also reports query response times comparable to or better than those of Percona Server and Druid, and compares favorably in terms of storage footprint. We believe the experience reported here is valuable to researchers and practitioners interested in building database systems for high-velocity multidimensional sensor data.
Expanding Credit Access: Using Randomized Supply Decisions to Estimate the Impacts

Expanding access to commercial credit is a key ingredient of financial development strategies. There is less consensus on whether expanding access to consumer credit helps borrowers, particularly when loans are extended at high interest rates. Popular skepticism about "unproductive," "usurious" lending is fueled by research highlighting behavioral biases that may induce overborrowing. We estimate the impacts of expanding access to consumer credit at a 200% annual percentage rate (APR) using a field experiment and follow-up data collection. The randomly assigned marginal loans produced significant net benefits for borrowers across a wide range of outcomes. There is also some evidence that the loans were profitable.
Spatial distortion prediction system for stereoscopic images

We propose a system to calculate the spatial distortion in 3-D images based on the shooting, display, and viewing conditions. It can be used to predict the extent of the perceived puppet-theater effect and the cardboard effect. The magnitude of the spatial distor- tion and the extent of the puppet-theater and cardboard effects are displayed using a space grid whose size can be estimated based on the objects' depths, calculated from the binocular parallax of the acquired stereoscopic images. This system can also be used to predict excessive binocular parallax and excessive parallax distribu- tion. Several cases in which puppet-theater and cardboard effects are expected to be produced are presented. We also demonstrate how the proposed system might be used to predict ratings of natu- ralness and quality of depth. © 2006 SPIE and
Selenodiglutathione uptake by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar ATP‐binding cassette transporter Ycf1p

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar ATP‐binding cassette transporter Ycf1p is involved in heavy metal detoxification by mediating the ATP‐dependent transport of glutathione–metal conjugates to the vacuole. In the case of selenite toxicity, deletion of YCF1 was shown to confer increased resistance, rather than sensitivity, to selenite exposure [Pinson B, Sagot I & Daignan‐Fornier B (2000) Mol Microbiol36, 679–687]. Here, we show that when Ycf1p is expressed from a multicopy plasmid, the toxicity of selenite is exacerbated. Using secretory vesicles isolated from a sec6‐4 mutant transformed either with the plasmid harbouring YCF1 or the control plasmid, we establish that the glutathione‐conjugate selenodigluthatione is a high‐affinity substrate of this ATP‐binding cassette transporter and that oxidized glutathione is also efficiently transported. Finally, we show that the presence of Ycf1p impairs the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio of cells subjected to a selenite stress. Possible mechanisms by which Ycf1p‐mediated vacuolar uptake of selenodiglutathione and oxidized glutathione enhances selenite toxicity are discussed.
Object recognition from a micro helicopter

The rapid expansion of computer processing power combined with the rapid development of digital camera capability has resulted in equally rapid advances in computer vision capability and use. The Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV), is a free open source collection of computer vision routines geared mainly towards human-computer interactions, robotics, security, and others vision applications where the lighting and context of use cannot be controlled. The OpenCV library provides us a greatly interesting demonstration for face detection. Furthermore, it provides us programs (or functions) that they used to train classifiers for their face detection system, called HaarTraining, in this work we create our own object detection system, with object classifier using their function, in order to detect any object, not only faces.
Predictive factors of ovarian response and clinical outcome after IVF/ICSI following a rFSH/GnRH antagonist protocol with or without oral contraceptive pre-treatment.

BACKGROUND Prediction of ovarian response prior to the first controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycle is useful in determining the optimal starting dose of recombinant FSH (rFSH). However, potentially predictive factors may be subject to inter-cycle variability and many patients are pre-treated with oral contraceptives (OC) for scheduling purposes. Our objective was to determine predictive factors of ovarian response for patients undergoing COS with rFSH in a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol and to determine the inter-cycle variability of these factors. METHODS In this multinational trial, 442 patients were randomized to receive either OC treatment or no treatment prior to their first COS cycle. For candidate predictive factors, patient characteristics were collected at screening, and endocrine and sonographic data were collected during the early follicular phase of the two subsequent cycles. A treatment regimen of 200 IU rFSH and 0.25 mg ganirelix was applied during the second cycle. Predictive factors of ovarian response and of too low (<6 oocytes) or too high (>18 oocytes) ovarian responses were determined using stepwise linear regression and stepwise logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and basal FSH were statistically significant predictors of the number of oocytes retrieved and of an excessive ovarian response. For low ovarian response, AMH was the only significant predictive factor. In the non-OC group, the predictive value was higher than in the OC group and higher at the early follicular phase of the stimulation cycle than of the previous cycle. The inter-cycle variation for AMH was low compared with the inter-cycle variation of other hormones. Between the two groups, there were no differences in the number or quality of embryos obtained or transferred, but the implantation rate was significantly lower in the OC group (24.1 versus 30.1%, P= 0.03), resulting in an ongoing pregnancy rate of 26.3% compared with 35.7% in the non-OC group (P= 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The best predictive model of ovarian response was in the non-OC group and included both AMH and basal FSH determined at the early follicular phase of the stimulation cycle. In the proceeding cycle, AMH alone had sufficient predictive value since it was not affected by inter-cycle variability or OC pretreatment.
A Predictive Model of Human Performance With Scrolling and Hierarchical Lists

ABSTRACT Many interactive tasks in graphical user interfaces involve finding an item in a list but with the item not currently in sight. The two main ways of bringing the item into view are scrolling of one-dimensional lists and expansion of a level in a hierarchical list. Examples include selecting items in hierarchical menus and navigating through “tree” browsers to find files, folders, commands, or e-mail messages. System designers are often responsible for the structure and layout of these components, yet prior research provides conflicting results on how different structures and layouts affect user performance. For example, empirical research disagrees on whether the time to acquire targets in a scrolling list increases linearly or logarithmically with the length of the list; similarly, experiments have produced conflicting results for the comparative efficacy of “broad and shallow” versus “narrow and deep” hierarchical structures. In this article we continue in the human–computer interaction tradition of bringing theory to the debate, demonstrating that prior results regarding scrolling and hierarchical navigation are theoretically predictable and that the divergent results can be explained by the impact of the dataset's organization and the user's familiarity with the dataset. We argue and demonstrate that when users can anticipate the location of items in the list, the time to acquire them is best modeled by functions that are logarithmic with list length and that linear models arise when anticipation cannot be used. We then propose a formal model of item selection from hierarchical lists, which we validate by comparing its predictions with empirical data from prior studies and from our own. The model also accounts for the transition from novice to expert behavior with different datasets.
Alternative Splicing of the RAGE Cytoplasmic Domain Regulates Cell Signaling and Function

The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand receptor present on most cell types. Upregulation of RAGE is seen in a number of pathological states including, inflammatory and vascular disease, dementia, diabetes and various cancers. We previously demonstrated that alternative splicing of the RAGE gene is an important mechanism which regulates RAGE signaling through the production of soluble ligand decoy isoforms. However, no studies have identified any alternative splice variants within the intracellular region of RAGE, a region critical for RAGE signaling. Herein, we have cloned and characterized a novel splice variant of RAGE that has a truncated intracellular domain (RAGEΔICD). RAGEΔICD is prevalent in both human and mouse tissues including lung, brain, heart and kidney. Expression of RAGEΔICD in C6 glioma cells impaired RAGE-ligand induced signaling through various MAP kinase pathways including ERK1/2, p38 and SAPK/JNK. Moreover, RAGEΔICD significantly affected tumor cell properties through altering cell migration, invasion, adhesion and viability in C6 glioma cells. Furthermore, C6 glioma cells expressing RAGEΔICD exhibited drastic inhibition on tumorigenesis in soft agar assays. Taken together, these data indicate that RAGEΔICD represents a novel endogenous mechanism to regulate RAGE signaling. Significantly, RAGEΔICD could play an important role in RAGE related disease states through down regulation of RAGE signaling.