Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lattice dynamics of vanadium: Inelastic x-ray scattering measurements

We measured the phonon dispersions in vanadium along the principal symmetry directions using inelastic x-ray scattering. Our data complement previous results derived from thermal diffuse scattering and clearly reveal several phonon-dispersion anomalies, as well as pronounced variations of the phonon widths. Electronic structure calculations, more specifically, an analysis in terms of Fermi-surface spanning vectors allow the qualitative association of these anomalies with the topology of the Fermi surface, thus highlighting the impor- tance of electron-phonon coupling.
A New Database of Observed Spectral Energy Distributions of Nearby Starburst Galaxies from the Ultraviolet to the Far-Infrared

We present a database of UV-to-FIR data of 83 nearby starburst galaxies. The galaxies are selected based upon the availability of IUE data. We have recalibrated the IUE UV spectra for these galaxies by incorporating the most recent improvements. For 45 of these galaxies we use observations by Storchi-Bergmann et al. and McQuade et al. for the spectra in the optical range. The NIR data are from new observations obtained at the NASA/IRTF and the Mount Laguna Observatory, combined with the published results from observations at the Kitt Peak National Observatory. In addition, published calibrated ISO data are included to provide mid-IR flux densities for some of the galaxies. The optical-to-IR data are matched as closely as possible to the IUE large aperture. In conjunction with IRAS and ISO FIR flux densities, all these data form a set of observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the nuclear regions of nearby starburst galaxies. The SEDs should be useful in studying star formation and dust/gas attenuation in galaxies. We also present the magnitudes in the standard BVRI and various HST/WFPC2 bandpasses synthesized from the UV and optical wavelength ranges of these SEDs. For some of the galaxies, the HST/WFPC2 magnitudes synthesized from the SEDs are checked with those directly measured from WFPC2 images to test the photometric errors of the optical data and their effective matching of apertures with the UV data. The implications of the new SEDs on the star formation rates and dust/gas attenuation are briefly discussed.
Applications of Lattice Boltzmann Method to Turbulent Flow Around Two-Dimensional Airfoil

Abstract Lattice Boltmzann method (LBM) has been developed as an important technique of computational fluid mechanics. Two-dimensional turbulent flow around NACA0012 airfoil, with Re=105 and AOA=4° (angle of attack), is simulated with “multiple-relaxation time” lattice Boltzmann method incorporated with Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. From the viewpoint of industrial applications, the related computational aspects are discussed, such as treatments of wall boundary, far field boundary conditions, and the position of the airfoil in the domain. Meanwhile, to balance the computational loads and accuracy of the simulations, grid refinement is applied. According to the results, LBM gives pretty good predictions, and quite flexible domain size can be accepted if the far field boundary condition is well posed. Compared to 3D LES-LBM simulations, two-dimensional LBM with SA turbulent model is of lower computational load, but with good accuracy.
Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation in the Monsoon Region. Part II: Role of Temperature and Moisture Data

Abstract The problem of four-dimensional data assimilation in the tropics has been studied using a limited-area primitive equation model. Of prime concern is the relative importance of different update variables and their impact on data assimilation. Five new experiments complement a set of ten previously reported experiments that investigate the feasibility of four-dimensional data assimilation in the monsoon region using only the wind observations. In addition to assessing the relative importance of update variables, the present study investigates the role of model physics in data assimilation. The assimilation experiments are carried out for the onset vortex case of the 1979 Indian summer monsoon for which many special FOGE/MONEX datasets are available. The assimilation-forecast system for all of the experiments comprises a 12-h assimilation phase followed by a 24-h forecast period. In all experiments, updating is done via the Newtonian nudging approach which, in our previous study, was found to be mor.
Study on Z-Scan Characteristics for Light–Tunneling Heterostructures Composed Of One-Dimensional Photonic Band Gap Material and Metallic Film

The transmitted and reflected Z-scan characteristics for light-tunneling heterostructures composed of one-dimensional photonic bandgap material and metallic film are theoretically investigated. An apparent Z-scan signal will appear around the light-tunneling even if the incident peak intensity is very low. Both of the transmitted and reflected Z-scan signals from left incidence are much larger than those from right incidence, demonstrating the nonreciprocal for two incident directions. The variation of the reflected Z-scan curve shape is opposite to that of transmitted Z-scan curve shape as light wavelength increases. Moreover, the reflected Z-scan signals from left incidence will show a very sharp peak around the light-tunneling.
Evaporation-induced flow near a contact line: Consequences on coating and contact angle

We propose a simple model of the dynamics of a contact line under evaporation and partial wetting conditions, taking into account the divergent nature of evaporation near the contact line, as evidenced by Deegan et al. (Nature, 389 (1997) 827). We show that evaporation can induce a non-negligible change of the contact angle together with modification of the flow near the contact line. We apply our results to dip-coating of a substrate with non volatile solutes. We show that at small velocities the coating thickness increases and scales like the inverse of the square of the velocity which implies a minimum of the coating thickness at the cross-over with the more familiar Landau-Levich regime.
Algorithms for intelligent prediction of landslide displacements

Landslides represent major threats to life and property in many areas of the world, such as the landslides in the Three Gorges Dam area in mainland China. To better prepare for landslides in this area, we explored how several machine learning algorithms (long short term memory (LSTM), random forest (RF), and gated recurrent unit (GRU)) might predict ground displacements under three types of landslides, each with distinct step-wise displacement characteristics. Landslide displacements are described with trend and periodic analyses and the predictions with each algorithm, validated with observations from the Three Gorges Dam reservoir over a one-year period. Results demonstrated that deep machine learning algorithms can be valuable tools for predicting landslide displacements, with the LSTM and GRU algorithms providing the most encouraging results. We recommend using these algorithms to predict landslide displacement of step-wise type landslides in the Three Gorges Dam area. Predictive models with similar reliability should gradually become a component when implementing early warning systems to reduce landslide risk.
Experimental and numerical investigations of film flow behaviors in resonance section over corrugated plates

The oscillation of gas–liquid interface is enhanced when film flows over a specific corrugation under certain flow conditions. The resonance phenomenon occurs when the free surface amplitude reaches its maximum. In this study, the resonance section is proposed for the first time in which the oscillation of the film surface is enhanced and bottom eddies are suppressed. The trend of the bottom eddies inspires the discovery of the resonance section. The dynamic characteristics of the resonance phenomenon were analyzed by simulations and experiments. The numerical simulations were performed with the open source software OpenFOAM, and the experiments were conducted by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. In the resonance section, the dynamic characteristics are different from the other sections: the upper and lower bounds of the resonance section correspond to the two inflection points of free surface amplitude, the variations in average liquid film thickness are slight, and the normal velocity intensity of the free surface is increased. Additionally, the enhancement of velocity intensity occurs within a region.
Proton deflectometry of a magnetic reconnection geometry

Laser-driven magnetic reconnection is investigated using proton deflectometry. Two laser beams of nanosecond duration were focused in close proximity on a solid target to intensities of I∼1×1015 W cm−2. Through the well known ∇ne×∇Te mechanism, azimuthal magnetic fields are generated around each focal spot. During the expansion of the two plasmas, oppositely oriented field lines are brought together resulting in magnetic reconnection in the region between the two focal spots. The spatial scales and plasma parameters are consistent with the reconnection proceeding due to a Hall mechanism. An optimum focal spot separation for magnetic reconnection to occur is found to be ≈400±100 μm. Proton probing of the temporal evolution of the interaction shows the formation of the boundary layer between the two expanding plasma plumes and associated magnetic fields, as well as an instability later in the interaction. Such laboratory experiments provide an opportunity to investigate magnetic reconnection under unique co.
Microbial and hydrodynamic properties of aerobic granules in a sequencing batch reactor treating landfill leachate

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) seeded with activated sludge was established for landfill leachate treatment. Small bio-aggregates began to appear after 40-d operation, and gradually changed to mature aerobic granules, with a mean size of 0.36–0.60 mm. Their sludge volume index at 5 min (SVI5 min), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and wet density were around 35 ml/g, 3.4 g/L, and 1.062 g/cm3, respectively. The settling velocities of the granules in distilled water ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 cm/s, which were faster than those in landfill leachate with a salt content of 1.4% (w/v), and also slightly faster than those predicted by Stokes’ law for porous but impermeable particles. Microbial community evolution during the granulation process and stages under different nitrogen loading rates (NLRs) were monitored and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), cloning, and sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) fragments. Results revealed that some primary and dominant communities in inoculating activated sludge died out gradually; while a few common bacteria, inhabiting soils, municipal wastewater, or activated sludge systems, dominated in the SBR system throughout. In addition, some other dominant species, associated with the aerobic granulation process, were thought to play a significant role in the formation and growth of aerobic granular sludge. During the stable operation time under low NLR, a few species were present in abundance, and may have been responsible for the high organic removal efficiency at this time.
Lower Body Perfusion Reduces the Morbidity of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Type A Dissection: A Propensity-Matched Analysis

Introduction Lower body perfusion (LBP) is a technique used to provide blood perfusion to distal organs and spinal cord during circulatory arrest. However, the effect of LBP on the prognosis of aortic arch surgery, especially on postoperative renal function, remains unclear. Methods A total of 304 patients with acute type A aortic dissection who underwent total aortic arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk implantation between May 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into LBP group (group L, n=85) and non-LBP group (group NL, n=219). Routine lower body circulatory arrest was applied during operation in group NL, and antegrade LBP combined was applied during operation in group L. Perioperative data were recorded. Propensity score matching was used for statistical analysis. Results After propensity score matching, 85 pairs of patients were successfully matched. Two groups significantly differed in circulatory arrest time (six minutes vs. 30 minutes, P=0.000), cross-clamping time (101 minutes vs. 92 minutes, P=0.010), minimum nasopharyngeal temperature (29.4ºC vs. 27.2ºC, P=0.000), and highest lactate value during cardiopulmonary bypass (2.3 µmol/L vs. 4.1 µmol/L, P=0.000). Considering the postoperative indicators, the drainage volume (450 mL vs. 775 mL, P=0.000) and the incidence of level I acute kidney injury (23.5% vs. 32%, P=0.046) in group L was lower than those in group NL. Conclusion LBP resulted as a safe and feasible approach in aortic arch surgery, as it could significantly shorten the circulatory arrest time, which might reduce the incidence of postoperative level I acute kidney injury.
An Average L 2 Discrepancy for Number-Theoretic Rules

One measure of the "goodness" of a quadrature rule Q for approximating integrals over the unit hypercube is the L2 discrepancy D(Q). For number-theoretic rules of prime order n we derive an expression for the average of D2(Q). Having this average makes it possible to compare the potential of number-theoretic rules for nonperiodic integrands with equal-weight quadrature rules in which the points are independent and uniformly distributed. The numerical results presented suggest that number-theoretic rules are competitive with such rules (as measured by the average L2 discrepancy) when the dimension is not more than about 18. The expression obtained for the average is not fully in closed form as it contains certain sums related to Dedekind sums for which no closed forms are available. An efficient algorithm for calculating Dedekind sums allows the average to be calculated in O(n log n) operations.
On the representation of multi-agent aggregation using fuzzy logic

We introduce the social choice problem (multiagent aggregation), that of using the preference functions of individual agents to obtain an overall or group preference function. We then show how this problem can be represented in the frame work of first order logic. We use this first order logic framework to suggest a mechanism for including different importances associated with the agents.
Distortionless data hiding based on integer wavelet transform

A novel distortionless image data hiding algorithm based on integer wavelet transform that can invert the stego-image into the original image without any distortion after the hidden data are extracted is proposed. This algorithm hides data into one (or more) middle bit-plane(s) of the integer wavelet transform coefficients in the middle and high frequency subbands. It can embed much more data compared with the existing distortionless data hiding techniques and satisfy the imperceptibility requirement. The image histogram modification is used to prevent greyscales from possible overflowing. Experimental results have demonstrated the validity of the algorithm.
Orthogonal latin square codes

A new class of multiple-error correcting codes has been developed. Since it belongs to the class of one-step-decodable majority codes, it can be decoded at an exceptionally high speed. This class of codes is derived from a set of mutually orthogonal Latin squares. This mutually orthogonal property provides a class of codes having a unique feature of "modularity. " The parityc heck matrix possesses a uniform pattern and results in a small number of inputs to modulo 2 adders. This class of codes has m2 data bits, where m is an integer, and 2tm check bits for t-error correcting.
Numerical analysis of excimer-laser-induced melting and solidification of thin Si films

We have developed an efficient two-dimensional numerical model, based on the finite difference method and utilizing the alternate-direction explicit scheme, that can simulate excimer laser melting and solidification of thin Si films on SiO2. The model takes into account important aspects of the process such as undercooling and the temperature-dependent velocity of the solidifying interface, supercooling of liquid Si, and the inert nature of the underlying oxide interface. We demonstrate the unique capability of the model by simulating spatially confined beam-induced localized complete melting of the irradiated portion of the film, and the ensuing lateral solidification, which initiates from the unmelted regions of the film into the completely molten area.
Orographic Modification of Cyclone Development

Abstract The orographic modification of cyclone development is examined by means of primitive equation model simulations. When a mature baroclinic wave impinges on an east—west oriented mountain ridge, a relatively intense cyclone forms on the south side of the ridge. This cyclone extends throughout the depth of the troposphere and possesses relatively small vertical tilts, large velocities, and strong temperature perturbations compared to classical baroclinic eddies. The vorticity growth in the orographic cyclone center is larger than that of baroclinic eddies that grow over flat terrain. However, there is no absolute instability associated with this orographic enhancement. A longer ridge produces a more intense eddy. The behavior of small-amplitude normal modes on a zonally symmetric mountain ridge shows that baroclinic development is enhanced where the topography slopes in the same direction as the isentropes. This is consistent with earlier studies using uniform slopes that show that the heat flux for.
Capillary filling in centrifugally actuated microfluidic devices with dynamically evolving contact line motion

In the present work, we analyze the capillary filling dynamics in centrifugally actuated microfluidic platforms with dynamically evolving contact line motion for wetting fluids. Special attention is devoted to estimate the effects of variable hydraulic resistances over different flow regimes. Dynamics of the meniscus advancement within the rotating microchannel turns out to be typically nonlinear, in tune with the relative instantaneous strengths of the capillary forces, centrifugal forces, and viscous resistances. Detailed dynamical characteristics of the meniscus evolution are obtained from the approximate semianalytical and full-scale numerical solutions, and are found to agree well with the experimental findings on lab-on-a-compact disk arrangements.
A Jointed Image Fusion Algorithm of Two-Dimensional PCA and Curvelet Transform

Data fusion technique can produce fused images with high spatial resolution and abundant spectral information. A new image fusion algorithm based on two-dimension PCA and Curvelet transform will be proposed according to image process models specialities in this paper. First of all, we performed 2DPCA on the MS image to get the 1st principle component (PC1); then we applied Curvelet transform in Pan Image and PC1; lastly decomposition coefficients obtained was processed according to certain rules to get fused coefficients, and afterwards, we performed inverse Curvelet transform on them to acquire fused sub-images. Then we performed inverse 2DPCA transform on the other components and the fused sub-images to get fused images. Experiments will be carried out via application of multispectral and panchromatic images, and it turns out that this new algorithm can improve spatial resolution greatly while maintaining spectral information.
Information and entropic characteristics of photon and qudit quantum states

The probability distribution determining the quantum states of photons and qudits are reviewed. Shannon, Rényi and Tsallis entropies associated with the probability distributions are discussed. Shannon information associated with quantum states in the probability representation is considered. Known inequalities for the classical joint probability distributions determining quantum states of multipartite systems are discussed in detail and the relationship to the inequalities known for quantum von Neumann entropy of the states is presented. Properties of subadditivity and strong subadditivity of the von Neumann entropy of two-partite and multipartite qudit states are considered in view of the subadditivity and strong subadditivity properties of Shannon entropies associated with classical joint probability distributions determining the multiqudit quantum states. The new entropic uncertainty relationships for optical tomograms are suggested as a test for accuracy of the homodyne reconstructing the photon state.
Spiral Arm Tangencies in the Milky Way

Abstract The historical directions of spiral arm tangencies in the Milky Way are presented and compared to results of mid-infrared star counts using the Spitzer Space Telescope. While the Scutum and Centaurus tangency directions show a 20-30% excess of star counts, all other expected tangency directions show no similar increases. These two tangencies are probably associated with a density wave arm that comes off the near side of the bar of the Galaxy while the other arms whose tangencies are not detected may be compression in the gas, but not in the old stellar disk.
Adaptive collaborative tracking for multiple targets

This paper presents a new method for tracking multiple targets in video sequences. A common dilemma that multiple target tracking methods have to face in practice is reducing computational cost and addressing occlusion to achieve efficient and robust long-duration tracking. Existing methods mainly focus on deriving the measurement-to-track assignment through probabilistic analysis, in which the motions of targets are considered to be independent of each other. These methods tend to be computationally expensive due to the complexity of implementation for the visual tracking task. In this paper, we propose a collaboration model in which the acceleration difference between two targets is used to calculate the motion correlation value based on the two-dimensional Gaussian function. By the collaboration model, the location of occluded target is estimated using the motion information from other targets. In order to sense the occurrence of an occlusion accurately before estimating the location of target, we also propose a border-based occlusion decision method which is integrated into our tracking framework. The proposed approach is computationally efficient and robust. Experimental results exhibit the performance of the tracker based on our approach.
Shapiro steps in large‐area metallic‐barrier Josephson junctions

The current amplitudes of Shapiro steps in large‐area metallic‐barrier Josephson junctions, both with and without a ground plane, are investigated with the goal of optimizing junction parameters for programmable voltage standards. Using the resistively shunted junction model without capacitance, we calculate maximum step amplitudes as a function of reduced frequency and junction dimension for both one‐ and two‐dimensional junctions. For junctions without a ground plane, we conclude that step amplitudes of order 10 mA are practical, but significantly larger amplitudes require excessive microwave power.
Stabilization of controlled positive discrete‐time T‐S fuzzy systems by state feedback control

This paper deals with sufficient conditions of asymptotic stability and stabilization for nonlinear discrete‐time systems represented by a Takagi–Sugeno‐type fuzzy model whose state variables take only nonnegative values at all times t for any nonnegative initial state. This class of systems is called positive systems. The conditions of stabilizability are obtained with state feedback control. This work is based on multiple Lyapunov functions. The results are presented in linear matrix inequalities form. A real plant is studied to illustrate this technique. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.