Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Light Chains of Microtubule-Associated Proteins MAP1A and MAP1B Interact with α1-Syntrophin in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Microtubule-associated proteins of the MAP1 family (MAP1A, MAP1B, and MAP1S) share, among other features, a highly conserved COOH-terminal domain approximately 125 amino acids in length. We conducted a yeast 2-hybrid screen to search for proteins interacting with this domain and identified α1-syntrophin, a member of a multigene family of adapter proteins involved in signal transduction. We further demonstrate that the interaction between the conserved COOH-terminal 125-amino acid domain (which is located in the light chains of MAP1A, MAP1B, and MAP1S) and α1-syntrophin is direct and occurs through the pleckstrin homology domain 2 (PH2) and the postsynaptic density protein 95/disk large/zonula occludens-1 protein homology domain (PDZ) of α1-syntrophin. We confirmed the interaction of MAP1B and α1-syntrophin by co-localization of the two proteins in transfected cells and by co-immunoprecipitation experiments from mouse brain. In addition, we show that MAP1B and α1-syntrophin partially co-localize in Schwann cells of the murine sciatic nerve during postnatal development and in the adult. However, intracellular localization of α1-syntrophin and other Schwann cell proteins such as ezrin and dystrophin-related protein 2 (DRP2) and the localization of the axonal node of Ranvier-associated protein Caspr1/paranodin were not affected in MAP1B null mice. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence that classical MAPs are likely to be involved in signal transduction not only by directly modulating microtubule function, but also through their interaction with signal transduction proteins.
Expression and Functional Heterogeneity of Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in Primary Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The poor prognosis and minimally successful treatments of these tumors indicates a need to identify new therapeutic targets. Therapy resistance of GBMs is attributed to heterogeneity of the glioblastoma due to genetic alterations and functional subpopulations. Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 play important roles in progression of various cancers although the specific functions of the CXCL12−CXCR4−CXCR7 axis in GBM are less characterized. In this study we examined the expression and function of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in four primary patient-derived GBM cell lines of the proliferative subclass, investigating their roles in in vitro growth, migration, sphere and tube formation. CXCR4 and CXCR7 cell surface expression was heterogeneous both between and within each cell line examined, which was not reflected by RT-PCR analysis. Variable percentages of CXCR4+CXCR7− (CXCR4 single positive), CXCR4−CXCR7+ (CXCR7 single positive), CXCR4+CXCR7+ (double positive), and CXCR4−CXCR7− (double negative) subpopulations were evident across the lines examined. A subpopulation of slow cell cycling cells was enriched in CXCR4 and CXCR7. CXCR4+, CXCR7+, and CXCR4+/CXCR7+ subpopulations were able to initiate intracranial tumors in vivo. CXCL12 stimulated in vitro cell growth, migration, sphere formation and tube formation in some lines and, depending on the response, the effects were mediated by either CXCR4 or CXCR7. Collectively, our results indicate a high level of heterogeneity in both the surface expression and functions of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in primary human GBM cells of the proliferative subclass. Should targeting of CXCR4 and CXCR7 provide clinical benefits to GBM patients, a personalized treatment approach should be considered given the differential expression and functions of these receptors in GBM.
A High-$Q$ Millimeter-Wave Air-Lifted Cavity Resonator on Lossy Substrates

In this letter, a 3D high-quality-factor millimeter- wave cavity resonator is integrated on the lossy soda-lime glass substrate utilizing surface micromachining technologies. With a height of 300 mum, the air-lifted cavity features a measured Q of at least 219 at 30 GHz, demonstrating an improvement by almost an order of magnitude with respect to respective planar resonators on the same substrate. The 3D cavity is monolithically integrated on the top of the substrate, with its side walls consisting of two rows of metalized pillars, while a weak coupling excitation scheme is used to extract the quality factor. This high performance cavity can be easily integrated with other monolithic integrated circuits and planar mm-wave components in multilayer modules.
The role of fathers in toddlers' unintentional injury risk.

OBJECTIVES Previous work suggests that maternal parenting and supervision reduces risk for children's unintentional injuries, but very little research has examined the role of fathers in children's unintentional injury risk. The role of fathers in protecting children from unintentional injury was considered. METHODS A prospective longitudinal design predicted injury risk in 181 toddlers from the ages of 6 to 36 months. Predictor variables included child gender and temperament, individual difference factors of the mother and father, and parenting factors of the mother and father. RESULTS Hierarchical regression models suggested that fathers' report of gains to the family from their employment was the strongest predictor of risk of children's unintentional injury. Several other paternal and maternal factors were also modestly related to injury risk. CONCLUSIONS Data indicate the need to consider the role of fathers in protecting children from unintentional injuries.
Unrecognized coral species diversity masks differences in functional ecology

Porites corals are foundation species on Pacific reefs but a confused taxonomy hinders understanding of their ecosystem function and responses to climate change. Here, we show that what has been considered a single species in the eastern tropical Pacific, Porites lobata, includes a morphologically similar yet ecologically distinct species, Porites evermanni. While P. lobata reproduces mainly sexually, P. evermanni dominates in areas where triggerfish prey on bioeroding mussels living within the coral skeleton, thereby generating asexual coral fragments. These fragments proliferate in marginal habitat not colonized by P. lobata. The two Porites species also show a differential bleaching response despite hosting the same dominant symbiont subclade. Thus, hidden diversity within these reef-builders has until now obscured differences in trophic interactions, reproductive dynamics and bleaching susceptibility, indicative of differential responses when confronted with future climate change.
Using differential introgression in hybrid zones to identify genomic regions involved in speciation

Hybrids between species provide information about the evolutionary processes involved in divergence. In addition to creating hybrids in the laboratory, biologists can take advantage of natural hybrid zones to understand the factors that shape gene flow between divergent lineages. In the early stages of speciation, most regions of the genome continue to flow freely between populations. Alternatively, the subset of the genome that confers reproductive barriers between nascent species is expected to reject introgression. Now enabled by advances in genomics, this perspective is motivating detailed comparisons of gene flow across genomic regions in hybrid zones. Here, I review methods for measuring and interpreting introgression at multiple loci in hybrid zones, focusing on the problem of identifying loci that contribute to reproductive isolation. Emerging patterns from multi‐locus studies of hybrid zones are highlighted, including remarkable variance in introgression across the genome. Although existing methods have been useful, there is scope for development of new analytical approaches that better connect differential patterns of gene flow in hybrid zones with current knowledge of speciation mechanisms. I outline future prospects for differential introgression studies on a genomic scale.
An Inter-peer Trustworthiness Based on Access Control in Peer-to-Peer Overlay Networks

We discuss a fully distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay network where each peer is autonomous and accesses to objects distributed in peers by taking advantage of acquaintances. An acquaintance peer of a peer p is a peer about whose service the peer p knows and with which the peer p can directly communicate. The satisfiability is defined to how satisfiable a requesting peer is for each access request by newly taking into account the authorization. The trustworthiness of each acquaintance is calculated by aggregating the satisfiability obtained through each interaction with the acquaintance. If acquaintance information is changed, the change is propagated to peers through acquaintances. Due to the limited size of memory, the peer throws away information of less trustworthy acquaintances to make space to store new acquaintance information. The trustworthiness of acquaintance of each peer is propagated in a peer-by-peer way while some acquaintance information is recorded in a peer. We discuss how to calculate the trustworthiness, satisfiability, and exchange the acquaintance information then with acquaintances. We evaluate how the trustworthiness of acquaintance is changing through interactions among peers and the hit ratio can be improved for a detection request
A Database of Graphs for Isomorphism and Sub-Graph Isomorphism Benchmarking

Despite of the fact that graph based methods are gaining more and more popularity in different scientific areas, it has to be considered that the choice of an appropriate algorithm for a given application is still the most crucial task. The lack of a large database of graphs makes the task of comparing the performance of different graph matching algorithms difficult, and often the selection of an algorithm is made on the basis of a few experimental data available on it. In this paper we describe a database containing 72,800 couples of simple graphs especially devised for comparing the performance of isomorphism and graph-subgraph isomorphism algorithms. The 72,800 couples are split into 18,200 couples of isomorphic graphs and 54,600 couples of graphs with a sub-graph isomorphism mapping among them. The graphs include different categories as Randomly Connected Graphs, Regular Meshes (2D, 3D and 4D), Bounded Valence Graphs, Irregular Meshes and Irregular Bounded Valence Graphs. The size of the graphs ranges from few dozens to about 1000 nodes.
Pupil Progress during Key Stage 1: a value added analysis of school effects

Abstract Pupils in Wandsworth schools who completed baseline assessment at the start of reception class in 1992/93 were tracked through to their National Curriculum (NC) end of Key Stage 1 (KS1) assessments in 1995. Baseline results were used to assess the educational progress of pupils between the age of 4 and 7 years, and the ‘value added’ by schools. Girls made more progress than boys during KS1, increasing the size of the gender gap in attainment. Pupils entitled to free school meals (FSM) started with lower attainment and fell further behind their peers during the course of KS1. In contrast pupils with English as a second language (ESL) caught up with their monolingual English speaking peers. School compositional effects were also noted: pupils made on average more progress in schools with a high proportion of girls, and less progress in schools with a high proportion of pupils entitled to FSM, a high proportion of ESL pupils and where the school average on the baseline was high. Differences between .
2009 2nd International Conference on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System Quantum Computing-based Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Tsp

A novel self-adaptive Ant Colony Optimization algorithm based on Quantum mechanism for Traveling salesman problem(TQACO) is proposed. Firstly, initializing the population of the ant colony with superposition of Q-bit, Secondly, using self-adaptive operator, namely in prophase we use higher probability to explore more search space and to collect useful global information; otherwise in anaphase we use higher probability to accelerate convergence. This mechanism offers the ability to escape from local optima and can self-regulate the production of diverse antibodies. Because of the quantum superposition and rotation it can maintain quite nicely the population diversity than the classical evolutionary algorithm, because of the self-adaptive operator it can obtain more optimal solution and the solution quality is improved significantly. TSP benchmark instances Chn144 results demonstrate the superiority ofTQACO in this paper.
The Study of Educational Leadership and Management

This article comments on the state of research in educational leadership and management as a field of study between 1990 and the present. We discuss the role of research reviews and compendia in the field as a means of identifying past trends, current dilemmas, and future directions for scholarship. We conclude five major points. First, today there is less agreement about the significant problems that scholars should address than in past years. Second, scholarly directions seem to be changing, as an increasing number of scholars are approaching educational leadership and management as a humanistic and moral endeavor rather than a scientific one. Third, although there are more diverse and robust methodological tools available for inquiry, programs of sustained empirical research are few in number. Fourth, a reluctance to evaluate the worth of contrasting conceptual and methodological approaches according to an accepted set of scholarly criteria leaves researchers, policy-makers and practitioners to fall back upon individual judgments of what is useful and valid knowledge. Finally, a lack of empirical rigor in the field continues to impact the development of a future generation of researchers.
Joint attention in joint action

In this paper, we investigate the role of intention and joint attention in joint actions. Depending on the shared intentions the agents have, we distinguish between joint path-goal actions and joint final-goal actions. We propose an instrumental account of basic joint action analogous to a concept of basic action and argue that intentional joint attention is a basic joint action. Furthermore, we discuss the functional role of intentional joint attention for successful cooperation in complex joint actions. Anika Fiebich is PhD student in Philosophy at the Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. Shaun Gallagher is Lilian and Morrie Moss Professor of Philosophy at the University of Memphis, USA.
Integrated gate driver circuit solutions

Power electronics systems are commonly used in motor drive, power supply and power conversion applications. They cover a wide output power spectrum: from several hundred watts in small drives up to megawatts in wind-power installations or large drive systems. Inside the system the gate driver circuit with its extensive control and monitoring functions forms the interface between the microcontroller and the power switches (IGBT). This paper will provide an overview of different gate driver topologies for different power ranges and will show numerous examples for monolithic integration of the driver functionality. Chipsets for high power drivers with a real potential separation (galvanic insulation) are the starting point, and a new and innovative concept for a digital gate driver and its integration is presented. In the second part, fully integrated gate driver solutions for the low power range, their technologies, circuit aspects and specific designs are shown and discussed.
Gender influences: the role of leg dominance in ACL injury among soccer players

Objective This study intends to look at the role of leg dominance in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk among soccer (football) athletes. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that soccer players rupture the ACL of their preferred support leg more frequently than the ACL in their preferred kicking leg, particularly in non-contact injuries, despite differences in gender. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Outpatient orthopaedic practice. Patients Subjects who had sustained an ACL injury due to direct participation in soccer. N=93 (41 male, 52 female). Interventions These noncontact injuries were sustained while playing soccer. Results For non-contact injuries, roughly half of the injuries occurred in the preferred kicking leg (30) and the contralateral leg (28). However, by gender, there was a significant difference in the distribution of non-contact injury, as 74.1% of males (20/27) were injured on the dominant kicking leg compared with 32% (10/31) of females (p<0.002). Conclusions When limited to a non-contact injury mechanism, females are more likely to injure the ACL in their supporting leg, whereas males tend to injure their kicking leg. This research suggests that limb dominance does serve as an aetiological factor with regard to ACL injuries sustained while playing soccer. If follow-up studies confirm that females are more likely to injure their preferred supporting leg, future research should investigate the cause for this discrepancy, which could result from underlying gender-based anatomical differences as well as differences in neuromuscular patterns during cutting manoeuvres or kicking.
Language as a confounding variable in the diagnosis of misconceptions

The study reported in this paper examines the possibility that language confusion can be mistaken for misconception. A written test, consisting of 20 multiple choice items that had been used by other authors to diagnose misconceptions in physics was administered to a sample of matric level, English first language, South African students. A sub-sample of these subjects was then interviewed to explore the reasoning behind their choices in the written test. An analysis of the interviews showed that in several cases, distractors were chosen by subjects who did not hold the target misconceptions the items were intended to diagnose, and that language usage, for example misinterpretation of the question text, was frequently the reason behind the choices. The findings indicate that caution is needed in interpreting students' responses to multiple choice questions.
Proparathyroid Hormone Is Preferentially Cleaved to Parathyroid Hormone by the Prohormone Convertase Furin

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), an 84-amino acid peptide, is the major regulator of blood calcium homeostasis. Its mRNA, in addition to encoding the mature peptide, also encodes a “pre” sequence of 25 amino acids and a basic “pro” hexapeptide. To assess which of the subtilisin-like prohormone convertases can process proPTH to PTH we coinfected cells with a vaccinia virus construct expressing human preproPTH and vaccinia virus constructs expressing furin, PC1 or PC2. BSC-40 cells, having a constitutive secretory pathway, and GH4C1 cells, having a regulated secretory pathway, were used. PTH biosynthetic products in cell extracts and media were purified by high performance liquid chromatography, identified by radioimmunoassay, and unambiguously defined as either proPTH or PTH by ion-spray mass spectrometry. In both cell types, furin was the most effective in processing proPTH to PTH. In all cases only PTH was released into the medium. In addition, partially purified furin and PC1 were tested for their ability to appropriately cleave a tridecapeptide spanning the prohormone cleavage site found in proPTH. Here too furin was much more effective at cleaving at the correct site. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization showed that furin and preproPTH mRNA are co-expressed in the parathyroid, whereas PC1, PC2, and PC5 are not and PACE4 is expressed only at very low levels. Taken together these studies strongly suggest that furin is the enzyme responsible for the physiological processing of proPTH to PTH.
‘Nothing that feels bad is ever the last step:’ the role of positive emotions in experiential work with difficult emotional experiences

The goal of this paper is to show (i) how the moment-to-moment tracking and processing of emotion to completion—in an emotionally engaged patient–therapist dyad where the individual feels safe and known—constitutes a powerful mechanism of therapeutic transformation, and (ii) how positive emotions are sensitive affective markers of that transformational process. Evidence from transformational studies is used to elaborate the vital role of positive emotions in the process of change in general, and, more specifically, in the course of therapeutic work with painful and overwhelming emotional experience. It is proposed that these emergent positive emotions are affective markers which signal the operation of healing transformational processes in psychotherapy. Several types of positive emotion that arise spontaneously during moment-to-moment experiential therapeutic work will be described and their role as markers of different transformational processes will be elucidated. The paper begins with examples of clinical work with emotion in AEDP (Accelerated Experiential–Dynamic Psychotherapy), an emotion-focused and attachment-based model of therapy that places the dyadic regulation of affect at the centre of both theory and practice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Experience of Pain in Depressed Patients

An experience of pain according to Merskey’s definition was found in 24 out of 40 consecutive patients with depressive disorders. No age or sex differences were found between patients with and those without an experience of pain. In a comparison of ratings using the Cronholm-Ottosson depression rating scale, patients with an experience of pain were found to have a more severe type of depression, more psychic and vegetative anxiety, more motoric restlessness, more local tension, more thoughts of suicide, more hypochondriacal ideas, more sleep disturbances and a higher total depression score. On the other hand, no difference was found as regards depressive ideas, intellectual, conative or emotional inhibition or psychomotoric retardation. In the experimental part of the study, 30 patients – 18 with an experience of pain – were investigated with pain measures and visual averaged evoked responses. No differences were found in pain measures between patients with and those without an experience of pain. Out of 18 patients with an experience of pain, 15 were found to be augmenters as measured by visual averaged evoked responses. In the group of patients without pain only 4 out of 12 patients were augmenters.
Budget optimization in search-based advertising auctions

Internet search companies sell advertisement slots based on users' search queries via an auction. While there has been previous work onthe auction process and its game-theoretic aspects, most of it focuses on the Internet company. In this work, we focus on the advertisers, who must solve a complex optimization problem to decide how to place bids on keywords to maximize their return (the number of user clicks on their ads) for a given budget. We model the entire process and study this budget optimization problem. While most variants are NP-hard, we show, perhaps surprisingly, that simply randomizing between two uniform strategies that bid equally on all the keywordsworks well. More precisely, this strategy gets at least a 1-1/ε fraction of the maximum clicks possible. As our preliminary experiments show, such uniform strategies are likely to be practical. We also present inapproximability results, and optimal algorithms for variants of the budget optimization problem.