Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Cognitive Network Cooperation of TV Station based Green Cellular Network

Energy efficiency (EE) is very crucial for future wireless communication systems, especially for cellular devices. Cellular network can cooperate with other wireless infrastructure for exploiting the detected spectrum holes to support energy-efficient cellular communication. TV white space (TVWS) can be used for Base station (BS) to User terminal (UT) communication with the aid of the existing cellular infrastructure. Since different wireless networks cognitively co-operate with cellular networks, this approach is termed as cognitive network cooperation. In order to achieve energy efficiency, relay station can be used as a cooperative partner with cellular base stations. To achieve this goal, the unused TV spectrum has to be identified. Than these unused frequencies (TV white space) and intermediate node (relay) can be used for signal transmission and reception from cellular BT and UT. The energy efficient performance relies on channel state information (CSI) of channels. Hence for energy efficient transmission of signal interference should be low. For a given number of information bits to be transmitted, the total energy consumed is significantly reduced, when both cognition and cooperation used in cellular networks, as compared with the conventional direct transmission, pure cognition, and pure cooperation. General Terms CLOUD DATA CENTRE, RELAYS, SPECTRUM SENSING, TVWS
GDNF Is Predominantly Expressed in the PV+ Neostriatal Interneuronal Ensemble in Normal Mouse and after Injury of the Nigrostriatal Pathway

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is absolutely required for survival of dopaminergic (DA) nigrostriatal neurons and protect them from toxic insults. Hence, it is a promising, albeit experimental, therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the source of striatal GDNF is not well known. GDNF seems to be normally synthesized in neurons, but numerous reports suggest GDNF production in glial cells, particularly in the injured brain. We have studied in detail striatal GDNF production in normal mouse and after damage of DA neurons with MPTP. Striatal GDNF mRNA was present in neonates but markedly increased during the first 2–3 postnatal weeks. Cellular identification of GDNF by unequivocal histochemical methods demonstrated that in normal or injured adult animals GDNF is expressed by striatal neurons and is not synthesized in significant amounts by astrocytes or microglial cells. GDNF mRNA expression was not higher in reactive astrocytes than in normal ones. Approximately 95% of identified neostriatal GDNF-expressing cells in normal and injured animals are parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, which only represent ∼0.7% of all striatal neurons. The remaining 5% of GDNF+ cells are cholinergic and somatostatin+ interneurons. Surprisingly, medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs), the vast majority of striatal neurons that receive a strong DA innervation, do not express GDNF. PV+ interneurons constitute an oscillatory functional ensemble of electrically connected cells that control MSNs' firing. Production of GDNF in the PV+ neurons might be advantageous to supply synchronous activity-dependent release of GDNF in broad areas of the striatum. Stimulation of the GDNF-producing striatal PV+ ensemble in PD patients could have therapeutic effects.
Current Issues in Heritage Language Acquisition

An increasing trend in many postsecondary foreign language classes in North America is the presence of heritage language learners. Heritage language learners are speakers of ethnolinguistically minority languages who were exposed to the language in the family since childhood and as adults wish to learn, relearn, or improve their current level of linguistic proficiency in their family language. This article discusses the development of the linguistic and grammatical knowledge of heritage language speakers from childhood to adulthood and the conditions under which language learning does or does not occur. Placing heritage language acquisition within current and viable cognitive and linguistic theories of acquisition, I discuss what most recent basic research has so far uncovered about heritage speakers of different languages and their language learning process. I conclude with directions for future research.
TAPE: Thermal-aware agent-based power econom multi/many-core architectures

A growing challenge in embedded system design is coping with increasing power densities resulting from packing more and more transistors onto a small die area, which in turn transform into thermal hotspots. In the current late silicon era silicon structures have become more susceptible to transient faults and aging effects resulting from these thermal hotspots. In this paper we present an agent-based power distribution approach (TAPE) which aims to balance the power consumption of a multi/many-core architecture in a pro-active manner. By further taking the system's thermal state into consideration when distributing the power throughout the chip, TAPE is able to noticeably reduce the peak temperature. In our simulation we provide a fair comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches HRTM and PDTM using the MiBench benchmark suite. When running multiple applications simultaneously on a multi/many-core architecture, we are able to achieve an 11.23% decrease in peak temperature compared to the approach that uses no thermal management. At the same time we reduce the execution time (i.e. we increase the performance of the applications) by 44.2% and reduce the energy consumption by 44.4% compared to PDTM. We also show that our approach exhibits higher scalability, requiring 11.9 times less communication overhead in an architecture with 96 cores compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
An Assessment of the North Carolina School-age Child Care Accreditation Initiative

Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to determine if participation in the North Carolina Quality Enhancement Initiative (NC QEI) improved the overall quality of the 26 participating school-age child care programs in three North Carolina communities. A paired t-test showed a positive and significant increase in the quality of school-age child care environments and teacher/child interactions over the 9-month period, from pre-initiative to post-initiative. Pre-initiative and pre- to post-initiative difference scores on each dependent measure were grouped together using a cluster analysis. Each cluster of programs was compared to determine relationships between these program variables and the program clusters. A state license and a smaller group size were related to higher quality programs at pre-initiative. Director education, teacher salary, state license, and program size were related to greatest program improvement from pre-initiative to post-initiative. In addition, six of the 10 programs were awarded accreditation by the National School-Age Care Alliance (NSACA). These findings suggest that participation in program improvement initiatives, like the NC QEI, is a viable means of improving the quality of school-age child care programs.
Rethinking supercompilation

Supercompilation is a program optimisation technique that is particularly effective at eliminating unnecessary overheads. We have designed a new supercompiler, making many novel choices, including different termination criteria and handling of let bindings. The result is a supercompiler that focuses on simplicity, compiles programs quickly and optimises programs well. We have benchmarked our supercompiler, with some programs running more than twice as fast than when compiled with GHC.
Perceptual audio rendering of complex virtual environments

We propose a real-time 3D audio rendering pipeline for complex virtual scenes containing hundreds of moving sound sources. The approach, based on auditory culling and spatial level-of-detail, can handle more than ten times the number of sources commonly available on consumer 3D audio hardware, with minimal decrease in audio quality. The method performs well for both indoor and outdoor environments. It leverages the limited capabilities of audio hardware for many applications, including interactive architectural acoustics simulations and automatic 3D voice management for video games.Our approach dynamically eliminates inaudible sources and groups the remaining audible sources into a budget number of clusters. Each cluster is represented by one impostor sound source, positioned using perceptual criteria. Spatial audio processing is then performed only on the impostor sound sources rather than on every original source thus greatly reducing the computational cost.A pilot validation study shows that degradation in audio quality, as well as localization impairment, are limited and do not seem to vary significantly with the cluster budget. We conclude that our real-time perceptual audio rendering pipeline can generate spatialized audio for complex auditory environments without introducing disturbing changes in the resulting perceived soundfield.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria in an Italian patient is caused by a new nonsense mutation in the HMGCL gene.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL). Up to now only a few mutations have been reported in the HMGCL gene. We report the first Italian patient, a female who presented metabolic acidosis at 3 days of age and then 3 months later. Analysis of urinary organic acids showed the excretion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, 3-methylglutaconic acid, 3-methylglutaric acid, and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. A defect of HMGCL activity was suspected and then confirmed on cultured skin fibroblasts. Brain RM showed a diffuse mild abnormality of cerebral white matter in the periventricular regions, and the single voxel proton MRI spectroscopy showed abnormal peaks. In the patient's full-length HMGCL-cDNA a new c286C > T transition that leads to the stop codon Q96X was detected at the homozygous level. This mutation, that gives rise to a truncated protein, was confirmed in the patient's and also her parents' genomic DNA. The severe genetic lesion identified in the patient, which is in contrast with the mild clinical phenotype, stresses the importance of early diagnosis and therapy in HMGCL deficiency.
Antihypertensive e ects of the ̄ avonoid quercetin in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1 The eects of an oral daily dose (10 mg kg) of the ̄avonoid quercetin for 5 weeks in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were analysed. 2 Quercetin induced a signi®cant reduction in systolic (718%), diastolic (723%) and mean (721%) arterial blood pressure and heart rate (712%) in SHR but not in WKY rats. 3 The left ventricular weight index and the kidney weight index in vehicle-treated SHR were signi®cantly greater than in control WKY and these parameters were signi®cantly reduced in quercetin-treated SHR in parallel with the reduction in systolic blood pressure. 4 Quercetin had no eect on the vasodilator responses to sodium nitroprusside or to the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline or KCl but enhanced the endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (Emax=58+5% vs 78+5%, P50.01) in isolated aortae. 5 The 24 h urinary isoprostane F2a excretion and the plasma malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels in SHR rats were increased as compared to WKY rats. However, in quercetin-treated SHR rats both parameters were similar to those of vehicle-treated WKY. 6 These data demonstrate that quercetin reduces the elevated blood pressure, the cardiac and renal hypertrophy and the functional vascular changes in SHR rats without eect on WKY. These eects were associated with a reduced oxidant status due to the antioxidant properties of the drug. British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 133, 117 ± 124
2013 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare and Workshops Designing for Spectators and Coaches: Social Support in Pervasive Health Games for Youth

Active video games and other technology-based interventions can promote physical activity participation in children and adolescents, particularly those who are uninterested in traditional sports or lack access to gyms, sports clubs, or safe neighborhood recreational environments. Yet simply placing a game console in a home or school might not be sufficient for changing physical activity behaviors. Rather, social support and opportunities for structured group activity may be important aspects of pervasive health games. We know little, however, about how to design active video games and other technology­ based interventions in ways that explicitly allow for the provision of social support by other players as well as "spectators" of the game. Based on the results of a longitudinal study of an active video game used in American schools, this paper contributes design recommendations for features in pervasive health games that explicitly encourage social support.
Young Children’s Emotional Attachments to Stories

In the interest of developing a more holistic and integrated understanding of young children’s experience of stories, this study describes preschoolers’ emotional attachments to stories and the cultural beliefs and practices which surround such attachments. Thirty-two European-American, middle-class families, participated in an interview study of their children’s story attachments, and five of these mothers also participated in a short-term, longitudinal diary study. Every child experienced at least two emotional attachments to stories. Children were captivated by stories presented in different media, with many attachments occurring around video stories in addition to books. They expressed their attachments by repeatedly requesting the story, expressing strong feelings, and enacting the story in pretend play. Story attachments were social in two fundamental ways: children created relationships with the characters in their favorite stories, and story attachments emerged in the context of relationships with caregivers whose beliefs and practices supported such attachments.
Patch for guitar

Now that it’s easy to get multiple channels of sound into and out of a computer with pretty low throughput latency (thanks partly to the well-designed linux operating system), an obvious and attractive application is signal-processing an electric guitar separately string by string. This permits a wide variety of nonlinear processes which, if properly designed, preserve the periodicity of the individual string while making possible a wide variety of new sounds. Pitchsynchronous algorithms also become available. It is also possible to separate the effect of amplitude change from that of changing harmonics, thus preserving the playability of the instrument.
Perceived goal setting practices of Olympic athletes: an exploratory investigation.

The purpose of this investigation was to explore Olympic athletes’ perceptions concerning the frequency and effectiveness of goal setting strategies as well as goal preferences and barriers to achieving these goals. Participants were 185 male and 143 female Olympic athletes from a variety sports. Each athlete completed a questionnaire detailing their perceptions, use, and effectiveness of a number of different goal-setting strategies. Factor analysis revealed four similar factors for goal effectiveness and goal frequency and two distinct factors for goal barriers. Descriptive results revealed that all of the Olympic athletes practiced some type of goal setting to help enhance performance, and they found their goals to be highly effective. Athletes also reported that improving overall performance, winning, and having fun were the three most important goals. In addition, setting difficult goals that were somewhat above the level at which they perform was the most preferred level of goal difficulty. Future d.
Attribution in Social and Parasocial Relationships

This study examined social and parasocial interaction from interpersonal attribution perspectives. Parasocial interaction is a perceived interpersonal relationship on the part of a television viewer with a mass media persona. We proposed that attributional confidence associated with parasocial interaction would mirror that resulting from social interaction and that personal construct theory and uncertainty reduction theory might add to knowledge about the nature of attributional confidence. Soap-opera-viewing college students (N = 105) completed questionnaires. Analysis revealed that, similar to social relationships, parasocial relationships with favorite soap opera characters were based, to some extent, on reduction of uncertainty and the ability to predict accurately the feelings and attitudes of the persona. The discussion focuses on implications of these findings for uncertainty reduction theory and personal construct theory.
Demystifying Digitalk

The language teens use in digital spaces—from social network posts to instant message chats to text messages—often does not adhere to Standard Written English (SWE). Their digital writing involves a combination of written and conversational languages and often has a digital thumbprint that distinguishes the writer. As a means to understand this digitalk, we conducted a mixed method study that not only examines the conventions of digitalk, but also explores the impetus behind teens’ languages choices. Over the course of 2 years and three rounds of data collection, we investigated the digital language use of 81 adolescents (Grades 7-12) from urban and suburban, public and private schools in a large metropolitan area. Data provide insight into the conventions of digitalk and the reasons these features of language have been conventionalized within adolescent digital communities. Ultimately, we see teens engaging in purposeful writing that may differ from SWE, but, nonetheless, shows an awareness of audience, efficiency in communication, expression of personal voice, and inclusion in a community of practice.
“Malays Are Expected To Speak Malay”: Community Ideologies, Language Use and the Negotiation of Identities

This article seeks to explore adult second language learning beyond the classroom as a process of identity negotiation, and a struggle for participation, acceptance, and legitimacy in multiple communities to which learners belong or aspire to belong. Drawing on constructivism to conceptualize language learning and notions of identity, the study examines the first-person narratives of Malay learners of English in Malaysia gleaned from journals and focus group discussions. By triangulating the various sources of data, the analysis brings together speakers' perspectives and the realities of local contexts to arrive at a more interpretive understanding of how they navigate their way through conflicting ideologies, vie for acceptance in the various communities, and strive to construct a bilingual self. The article concludes by considering the interplay between community ideology, language use, and identity and how an informed understanding of this can help bridge the gap between classroom learning and real world experiences.
Socio-Psychological Aspects of Animal Therapy in Treating Children Suffering from Forms of Dysontogenesis.

Positive and negative aspects of animal therapy using are discussed. Research of 30 case studies is displayed that pet therapy is a good therapeutic tool in approximately 60% of cases. To diagnose possible problems in families which have got a dog as a “therapist” for the child suffering from some or other form of dysontogenesis, the author suggests theoretical model of human-animal relationships. This model includes definition of heterospecific group, necessary condition of its creation and sufficient condition of its existing, types of relationships in heterospecific group, psychological phenomena arising in such group, and dynamics of heterospecific group functioning. The methods most relevant to research of heterospecific groups and correction of infringements in these groups are described. For a diagnostic basis, the following classification has been accepted: (1) infringements from the animal; and (2) infringements from the person. Correction of infringement for the purpose of restoring stability in the group is shortly described.
Coding performance of HARQ with BICM—Part I: Unified performance analysis

We develop a general model based on random coding bounds to explain and predict the coding performance of various type-I and type-II hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) schemes based on the bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) in 3GPP HSPA. We explore how the intrinsic properties of BICM interact with various transmitter-side (e.g., whether to use the same bit mapping for retransmission) and receiver-side HARQ options (e.g., bit vs. symbol level processing and Log-MAP vs. Log-Max demodulation). The accuracy of the theoretical model is verified with extensive link simulations. The performance model can be incorporated into radio resource management algorithms for efficient wireless network operations. In a companion paper, the unified analytical model is further applied to investigate performance of LTE HARQ operations, which consist of varying mixture of type-I/II and bit remapping HARQ features.
Patterning the Vertebrate Neuraxis

Neuraxial patterning is a continuous process that extends over a protracted period of development. During gastrulation a crude anteroposterior pattern, detectable by molecular markers, is conferred on the neuroectoderm by signals from the endomesoderm that are largely inseparable from those of neural induction itself. This coarse-grained pattern is subsequently reinforced and refined by diverse, locally acting mechanisms. Segmentation and long-range signaling from organizing centers are prominent among the emerging principles governing regional pattern.