Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer stem cells in haematological malignancies

At least several types of human haematological malignancies can now be seen as ‘stem-cell diseases’. The best-studied in this context is acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It has been shown that these diseases are driven by a pool of ‘leukaemia stem cells (LSC)’, which remain in the quiescent state, have the capacity to survive and self-renew, and are responsible for the recurrence of cancer after classical chemotherapy. It has been understood that LSC must be eliminated in order to cure patients suffering from haematological cancers. Recent advances in LSC research have allowed for description of LSC phenotype and identification of potential targets for anti-LSC therapies. This concise review summarises the current view on LSC biology and targeted approaches against LSC.
Design and implementation of power converters for wind generator

This paper presents the design and implementation of power converters for wind generator (WG) controlled by a digital signal processor. The system is composed of a wind generator, lead-acid batteries, a dc/dc boost converter and a bidirectional dc/dc converter. The wind generator is the main power source of the system, and the battery is used for energy storage and power compensation to recover the natural irregularity of the wind power. Since the output power of wind generator varies with the change of wind speed, the flexible control strategy is used to determine the system working state and the operating mode of bi-directional dc/dc converter. In charging mode, the battery is charged by multi-stage current charging method with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to raise the charging efficiency and completely employ the finite power. This paper adopts wind generator simulation system as the power source. Finally, a 100 W power converter system is constructed and the performance is verified.
Knowledge Sanitization on the Web

The widespread use of the Internet caused the rapid growth of data on the Web. But as data on the Web grew larger in numbers, so did the perils due to the applications of data mining. Privacy preserving data mining (PPDM) is the field that investigates techniques to preserve the privacy of data and patterns. Knowledge Hiding, a subfield of PPDM, aims at preserving the sensitive patterns included in the data, which are going to be published. A wide variety of techniques fall under the umbrella of Knowledge Hiding, such as frequent pattern hiding, sequence hiding, classification rule hiding and so on. In this tutorial we create a taxonomy for the frequent itemset hiding techniques. We also provide as examples for each category representative works that appeared recently and fall into each one of these categories. Then, we focus on the detailed overview of a specific category, the so called linear programming-based techniques. Finally, we make a quantitative and qualitative comparison among some of the existing techniques that are classified into this category.
Automatic Machine Translation Evaluation Based on Sentence Structure Information

Automatic evaluation of machine translation plays an important role in improving the performance of machine translation systems. In this paper, we firstly introduce three traditional methods of automatic evaluation, including BLEU, NIST and WER. All these methods are based on surface layer information of translations like vocabularies, so we do some studies on the evaluation method using the information of sentence structure. Because the Hierarchical Network of Concepts (HNC) theory thinks that sentence category and format transformations are two most important links in machine translation, we do some researches about sentence category and format transformations, and get the sentence structure information which is composed of sentence category information and format information of every sentence in the bilingual (Chinese and English) translation corpora. Then, considering the traditional methods above, we propose the method of automatic evaluation based on the information of sentence structure and have proved it effective by experiment.
Establishing Operations: Implications For The Assessment, Treatment And Prevention Of Problem Behavior.

This paper seeks to integrate Michael's (1982, 1993) discussion of the concept of the establishing operation (EO) with existing conceptual and empirical analyses of problem behavior in people with developmental disabilities. The paper begins with a summary of Michael (1993), which seeks to describe his concept of the EO and place it briefly in historical context. The role of EOs in evoking and establishing motivation for problem behavior is considered in some detail. A case is made for the greater consideration of EOs in the functional analysis of problem behavior, and specific suggestions for detecting the operation of conditioned establishing operations are offered. Turning to treatment, the paper considers the role played by EOs in existing procedures and discusses the development of treatment strategies that seek to modify EOs, extinguish EOs, and modify the responses evoked by EOs. Finally, consideration is given to the implications of EOs for the more systemic treatment and prevention of problem behavior.
Experiments towards a better LVCSR system for tamil

This paper summarizes our latest efforts in the development of a Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVCSR) system for Tamil at different levels: pronunciation dictionary, language modeling (LM) and front-end. Usually in Tamil there are not many word-pronunciation pairs to train data-driven grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) converters. Therefore, we explore the correlation between the amount of training data and the performance of the grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion. To address the morphological complexity of Tamil, we investigate different levels of morphemes for language modeling including a comparison between our Dictionary Unit Merging Algorithm (DUMA) and Morfessor, followed by various experiments on hybrid systems using word and morpheme LMs. Finally, we integrate our multilingual bottle-neck features framework with Tamil LVCSR. The final best system produced 21.34% Syllable Error Rate (SyllER) on our Tamil test set.
Costimulatory Effects of an Immunodominant Parasite Antigen Paradoxically Prevent Induction of Optimal CD8 T Cell Protective Immunity

Trypanosoma cruzi infection is controlled but not eliminated by host immunity. The T. cruzi trans-sialidase (TS) gene superfamily encodes immunodominant protective antigens, but expression of altered peptide ligands by different TS genes has been hypothesized to promote immunoevasion. We molecularly defined TS epitopes to determine their importance for protection versus parasite persistence. Peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination experiments demonstrated that one pair of immunodominant CD4+ and CD8+ TS peptides alone can induce protective immunity (100% survival post-lethal parasite challenge). TS DNA vaccines have been shown by us (and others) to protect BALB/c mice against T. cruzi challenge. We generated a new TS vaccine in which the immunodominant TS CD8+ epitope MHC anchoring positions were mutated, rendering the mutant TS vaccine incapable of inducing immunity to the immunodominant CD8 epitope. Immunization of mice with wild type (WT) and mutant TS vaccines demonstrated that vaccines encoding enzymatically active protein and the immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope enhance subdominant pathogen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. More specifically, CD8+ T cells from WT TS DNA vaccinated mice were responsive to 14 predicted CD8+ TS epitopes, while T cells from mutant TS DNA vaccinated mice were responsive to just one of these 14 predicted TS epitopes. Molecular and structural biology studies revealed that this novel costimulatory mechanism involves CD45 signaling triggered by enzymatically active TS. This enhancing effect on subdominant T cells negatively regulates protective immunity. Using peptide-pulsed DC vaccination experiments, we have shown that vaccines inducing both immunodominant and subdominant epitope responses were significantly less protective than vaccines inducing only immunodominant-specific responses. These results have important implications for T. cruzi vaccine development. Of broader significance, we demonstrate that increasing breadth of T cell epitope responses induced by vaccination is not always advantageous for host immunity.
Application of the modified group delay function to speaker identification and discrimination

In this paper, we explore new methods by which speakers can be identified and discriminated, using features derived from the Fourier transform phase. The modified group delay feature (MODGDF) which is a parameterized form of the modified group delay function is used as a front end feature in this study. A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based speaker identification system is built with the MODGDF as the front end feature. The system is tested on both clean (TIMIT) and noisy telephone (NTIMIT) speech. The results obtained are compared with traditional Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) which is derived from the Fourier transform magnitude. When both MFCC and MODGDF were combined, the performance improved by about 4% indicating that both phase and magnitude contain complementary information. In an earlier paper (Murthy et al. (2003)), it was shown that the MODGDF does possess phoneme specific characteristics. In this paper we show that the MODGDF has speaker specific properties. We also make an attempt to understand speaker discriminating characteristics of the MODGDF using the nonlinear mapping technique based on Sammon mapping (Sammon (1969)) and find that the MODGDF empirically demonstrates a certain level of linear separability among speakers.
Monolithic Integration of Al2O3 and Si3N4 Toward Double-Layer Active–Passive Platform

Low-cost, high-performance integration technologies are instrumental for active–passive integrated photonics devices. The monolithic integration of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is studied, enabling to combine the promising optical features of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with the excellent optical gain characteristics of rare-earth-ion doped Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> layers are separated by a thin SiO<sub>2</sub> film and coupled by adiabatically width-tapered Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and thickness-tapered Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> waveguides. In this paper, a detailed characterization of the couplers, as well as a study of the influence of the different design parameters and fabrication tolerances on the final device performance is presented. Test structures are characterized under transverse electric (TE) polarization. Measured loss per coupler is as low as 0.26 ± 0.03 dB at the wavelength of 1030 nm, and below 0.24 dB in the spectral window of 1460–1635 nm. Lateral misalignment of ±1 <italic>μ</italic>m results in less than 0.6 dB increase of the coupler loss at 1030 nm, and the tolerance of misalignment goes up to 1.7 <italic>μ</italic>m at the investigated longest wavelength of 1635 nm without introducing extra coupler losses. The reported integration technology paves the way toward a double-layer platform monolithically integrating Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and rare-earth-ion doped Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for active–passive photonic functionalities.
Molecular cloning and characterization of an invertebrate homologue of a neuropeptide Y receptor

Neuropeptide Y is an abundant and physiologically important peptide in vertebrates having effects on food intake, sexual behaviour, blood pressure and circadian rhythms. Neuropeptide Y homologues have been found in invertebrates, where they are very likely to play similar, important roles. Although five neuropeptide Y‐receptor subtypes have been identified in mammals, none has been reported from invertebrates. Here we describe the cloning of a neuropeptide Y‐receptor from the brain of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The identity of the receptor was deduced by expressing the neuropeptide Y‐receptor‐encoding cDNA in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, which were subsequently challenged with size‐fractionated Lymnaea brain extracts. An active peptide, selected on the basis of its ability to induce changes in cAMP levels, was purified to homogeneity, analysed by mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence determination, and turned out to be a Lymnaea homologue of neuropeptide Y.
Electronic Commerce: The End of the Beginning

Telecommunications Enhanced Communities are geo-political communities such as regions, towns and cities, which have superimposed upon them, an internetmediated virtual community. In Australia, as elsewhere, in the name of regional sustainability, governmental policy has encouraged regional communities to make use of telecommunications generally and the internet specifically to remediate services which are expensive to provide to a dispersed community. Although telecommunications enhanced communities are becoming more common, little is formally understood about the dynamics of their emergence. In this paper we describe a theoretic lens drawn from economics. The paper complements earlier work in which we have described theoretic lenses drawn from the social sciences through which we might filter data collected from holistic, situated studies of the
Bathymetric Variation in Recruitment and Relative Importance of Pre- and Post-Settlement Processes in Coral Assemblages at Lyudao (Green Island), Taiwan

Studies on coral communities have typically been conducted in shallow waters (∼5 m). However, in the face of climate change, and as shallow coral communities become degraded, a greater understanding of deeper coral communities is needed as they become the main reef remnants, playing a central role in the future of coral reefs. To understand the dynamics of deeper coral assemblages, the recruitment and taxonomic composition of different life-stages at 5 and 15 m depths were compared at three locations in Lyudao, southeastern Taiwan in 2010. Coral recruits (<1 cm diameter, <4 months old) were examined using settlement plates. Juvenile corals (1–5 cm, several years old) were examined with quadrats, and adult corals (>5 cm, several years to decades old) were examined using transect lines. Pocilloporid and poritid corals had similar and higher numbers of recruits at 5 m compared to 15 m, whereas acroporid recruits were more abundant at 15 m. The primary cause for the former may be larval behavior, such that they position themselves in shallow waters, while that for the latter may be the dominance of brooding acroporid species (Isopora spp.) at 15 m. The taxonomic composition, especially between recruits and juveniles/adults, was more similar at 15 m than at 5 m. These results suggest a change in the relative importance of pre- and post-settlement processes in assemblage determinants with depth; coral assemblages in shallow habitats (more disturbed) are more influenced by post-settlement processes (mortality events), while those in deeper habitats (more protected) are more influenced by pre-settlement processes (larval supply).
On the Adaptive Tracking Control of 3-D Overhead Crane Systems

For low cost, easy assembly and less maintenance, overhead crane systems have been widely used for material transportation in many industrial applications. Due to the requirements of high positioning accuracy, small swing angle, short transportation time, and high safety, both motion and stabilization control for an overhead crane system becomes an interesting issue in the field of control technology development. Since the overhead crane system is underactuated with respect to the sway motion, it is very difficult to operate an overhead traveling crane automatically in a desired manner. In general, human drivers, often assisted by automatic anti-sway system, are always involved in the operation of overhead crane systems, and the resulting performance, in terms of swiftness and safety, heavily depends on their experience and capability. For this reason, a growing interest is arising about the design of automatic control systems for overhead cranes. However, severely nonlinear dynamic properties as well as lack of actual control input for the sway motion might bring about undesired significant sway oscillations, especially at take-off and arrival phases. In addition, these undesirable phenomena would also make the conventional control strategies fail to achieve the goal. Hence, the overhead crane systems belong to the category of incomplete control system, which only allow a limited number of inputs to control more outputs. In such a case, the uncontrollable oscillations might cause severe stability and safety problems, and would strongly constrain the operation efficiency as well as the application domain. Furthermore, an overhead crane system may experience a range of parameter variations under different loading condition. Therefore, a robust and delicate controller, which is able to diminish these unfavorable sway and uncertainties, needs to be developed not only to enhance both efficiency and safety, but to make the system more applicable to other engineering scopes. The overhead crane system is non-minimum phase (or has unstable zeros in linear case) if a nonlinear state feedback can hold the system output identically zero while the internal dynamics become unstable. Output tracking control of non-minimum phase systems is a highly challenging problem encountered in many practical engineering applications such as aircraft control [1], marine vehicle control [2], flexible link manipulator control [3], inverted pendulum system control [4]. The non-minimum phase property has long been recognized to be a major obstacle in many control problems. It is well known that unstable zeros cannot
Improving the Estimation of Mealtime Insulin Dose in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Although carbohydrate counting is routine practice in type 1 diabetes, hyperglycemic episodes are common. A food insulin index (FII) has been developed and validated for predicting the normal insulin demand generated by mixed meals in healthy adults. We sought to compare a novel algorithm on the basis of the FII for estimating mealtime insulin dose with carbohydrate counting in adults with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 28 patients using insulin pump therapy consumed two different breakfast meals of equal energy, glycemic index, fiber, and calculated insulin demand (both FII = 60) but approximately twofold difference in carbohydrate content, in random order on three consecutive mornings. On one occasion, a carbohydrate-counting algorithm was applied to meal A (75 g carbohydrate) for determining bolus insulin dose. On the other two occasions, carbohydrate counting (about half the insulin dose as meal A) and the FII algorithm (same dose as meal A) were applied to meal B (41 g carbohydrate). A real-time continuous glucose monitor was used to assess 3-h postprandial glycemia. RESULTS Compared with carbohydrate counting, the FII algorithm significantly decreased glucose incremental area under the curve over 3 h (–52%, P = 0.013) and peak glucose excursion (–41%, P = 0.01) and improved the percentage of time within the normal blood glucose range (4–10 mmol/L) (31%, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS An insulin algorithm based on physiological insulin demand evoked by foods in healthy subjects may be a useful tool for estimating mealtime insulin dose in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Genea: Schema-Aware Mapping of Ontologies into Relational Databases

Ontologies have become an important mechanism for describing and exchanging data in the semantic web, as well as in application areas such as bioinformatics or health care. This paper addresses the problem of how to eciently store and query ontology instance data using an RDBMS. Our approach automatically creates a schema-aware relational representation of the ontology using generic mapping rules. Part of the ontology reasoning, such as on subsumption relationships, is done during schema-generation and also at load-time of the instance data, so that query processing becomes faster. We implemented our approach in an OWL-mapping tool, called Genea, that can automatically create a compact relational schema and load the instance data from a given ontology written in OWL. We report on results from a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of our approach as compared to both schema-oblivious and schema-aware RDF stores from the semantic web community. Genea was found to be a generic and eective tool for ontology map
No . SNU-EE-TR-1998-1 Supporting Preemptive User-Level Threads for Embedded Real-Time Systems

In embedded real-time systems, it becomes imperative to sup port reemptive multithreading at a low cost in order to time ly respond to high priority asynchronous events. Although use r-level threads provide more flexible abstraction with lowe r overhead than kernel-level threads, kernel-level threads are more favored in real-time systems due to their simpler th read scheduling and signal handling. In this paper, we present a new user-level multithreading sc heme suitable for embedded real-time systems. It consists of virtual threads and a newscheduling event upcall mechanism. A virtual thread is a kernel-level incarnation o f a userlevel thread that provides for a kernel-level execution env ironment. It is a passive entity which is temporarily bound t o a user-level thread, when necessary. The scheduling event up call mechanism enables the kernel to notify user processes o f kernel events such as thread blocking and timer expiration. F r our upcall scheme, we have eliminated unpredictable and nondeterministic components from traditional upcall sche mes such as scheduler activations and signals. Our scheme ma kes use of a lock-free event queue which allows both the kernel an d user processes to avoid costly synchronization operation s without losing any events even in a transient overload. We have fully implemented the proposed schemes along with se veral other real-time system supports such as user-level interrupts, user-level timers, and real-time thread inter faces in the ARX real-time operating system that we have deve loped at Seoul National University. Our experimental results sho w that these schemes outperform kernel threads that can be found in commercial operating systems such as Solaris and Wi ows 98, without compromising the benefits of user-level threads.