Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial factors in the information and communication technology sector

Purpose – This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of psychosocial factors in the German information and communication technology (ICT) sector. Specifically, the authors seek to explore the relationships between sources of workplace social support and work engagement. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents the results of a cross-sectional self-report online survey of 336 employees working in six information and communication technology companies in Germany. Analyses are conducted employing multiple linear regression models. Findings – Supervisor and co-worker support showed discrete effects on work engagement components (vigour, dedication, absorption). Overall, supervisor support showed a stronger association with work engagement than co-worker support among ICT employees. Originality/value – This paper makes a contribution to the further understanding of the relationship of psychosocial factors, particularly sources of social support and employee engagement, in the context of ICT ind.
Dividends and Debt under Alternative Tax Systems

The impact of corporate taxes on the leverage decision in a competitive market was analyzed in [8[, [9], and the incorporation of personal taxes into the problem structure was achieved in [4], [1] and [10]. In a more recent paper, Miller [6] suggested that the impacts of both corporate and personal taxation could be studied by simultaneously analyzing the supply of and demand for securities in an overall equilibrium framework. DeAngelo and Masulis [2], [3] formalized and extended the implications of Miller's model, but found that given the U.S. tax code, an equilibrium in which positive dividends were featured was not possible over and above the relatively small dividend exclusion provision.
Outsmarting androgen receptor: creative approaches for targeting aberrant androgen signaling in advanced prostate cancer

Prostatic adenocarcinomas are reliant on androgen receptor (AR) activity for survival and progression. Therefore, first-line therapeutic intervention for disseminated disease entails the use of AR-directed therapeutics, achieved through androgen deprivation and direct AR antagonists. While initially effective, recurrent, ‘castrate-resistant’ prostate cancers arise, for which there is no durable means of treatment. An abundance of clinical study and preclinical modeling has led to the revelation that restored AR activity is a major driver of therapeutic failure and castrate-resistant prostate cancer development. The mechanisms underpinning AR reactivation have been identified, providing the foundation for a new era of drug discovery and rapid translation into the clinic. As will be reviewed in this article, these creative new ways of suppressing AR show early promise.
Treatment of acute stroke with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and abciximab.

OBJECTIVES Preclinical data suggest that treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with the combination of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and abciximab may increase efficacy and decrease the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). The authors report pilot data of five AIS patients with half-dose rt-PA and abciximab as part of an ongoing phase I safety trial with sICH as the primary outcome. METHODS Five patients with AIS were treated with the combination of half-dose rt-PA (0.45 mg/kg) and abciximab (0.25 mg/kg bolus followed by a 0.125 microg/kg/min infusion over 12 hours). Head computed tomographic scan was obtained after 24 hours of treatment onset. RESULTS Four patients received the combination of half-dose abciximab and rt-PA without major complications. One patient experienced a parenchymal hematoma type-1 ICH without significant decline of his neurological status. The average National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale change at discharge in comparison with pretreatment was -5.4 +/- 7.0, and the median change was 6 points with a range of 4 points (worsening) to -13 points (improvement) (p=0.07) based on a one-sided t-test. CONCLUSIONS Administration of rt-PA and abciximab to AIS patients was completed without difficulty. No sICH were observed; however, 20% (1 out of 5) experienced an asymptomatic ICH. Based on our observation of five patients, there was a trend of treatment efficacy; however, these results need to be confirmed in a larger-scale placebo-controlled clinical trial.
International Executives: Transformative Bureaucracies or Westphalian Orders?

Public Administration is in an era of change. This article studies one under-researched part of public administration, the executive arms of International Governmental Organizations (IGOs). These are referred to as International Executives (IEs). The article provides a conceptual mapping and an empirical illustration of three important dynamics of IEs intergovernmental, supranational and transgovernmental dynamics. The study also offers a middle-range organization theory perspective that suggests five independent variables that affect the behavior and roles of IE civil servants. The variables are (H1) the organizational properties of IEs, (H2) the degrees of institutionalization of IEs, (H3) the recruitment procedures of the IEs, (H4) characteristics of the relationships between IEs and external institutions, and finally (H5) demographic characteristics of the IE civil servants. The empirical illustrations are drawn from the European Commission, the OECD Secretariat and the WTO Secretariat. The article highlights that the IEs of the EU, the OECD and the WTO seem to share important behavioral dynamics due to organizational similarities.
Corporations and Labor Unions in Electoral Politics

Federal prohibitions of corporate and union con tributions have been motivated by two objectives: to reduce or eliminate domination of the electoral process by business and labor through their aggregated wealth; and to protect stock- holders and union members from having their organizations' funds used for political purposes of which they do not approve. Federal regulations have been largely ineffective in prevent ing corporate and union monies from reaching political candi dates and parties both legally and illegally. Recent develop ments, including passage of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 as amended in 1974, important decisions by the Supreme Court since 1972, and rulings by the Federal Elec tion Commission, have widened the area of legal campaign- related activities in which corporations and labor organizations can engage, particularly through political action committees. The liberalization of previous restrictions, together with more rigorous and effective electoral disclosure requirements, and widespread public suspicion concerning the political activities of "special interests" make it likely that business corporations and labor unions will be quite circumspect in their election involvements during 1976. However, several legal and polit ical issues which could affect corporate and union campaign activities in 1976 and beyond remain unresolved.
On the dependence of the growth rate on the elasticity of substitution in a network

We consider the dependence of the growth rate on the elasticity of substitution within the framework of a model with the agents' mutual dependence. This model is interpreted as a network structure. The development is explained as the agents' increase in values in the dynamic system described by functions which display constant elasticity of substitution (CES). We investigate the cases of high and low complementarity of activities. In particular, we receive conditions allowing to identify the cases when the elasticity of substitution has a positive (negative) effect on the growth rate under high (low) complementarity of activities. Additionally, we analyse the influence of the individual agents' productivity on the growth rate. Finally, we give a potential generalisation of the model allowing for different growth rates of the agents.
Evaluation of peri-implant crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 levels in augmented extraction sockets by different biomaterials

Abstract Objectives: This study compares peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, clinical parameters and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values around implants placed in augmented extraction sockets. Materials and methods: The sockets (24 in total) were randomly augmented using either EMD or Bio-Oss Collagen. Implant placements were performed after three months of healing. ISQ readings were evaluated at three points: at the time of surgery, at the first month and at the third month. PICF was collected for PGE2 evaluation after the first and the third months of implant surgery. Results: After the first month, a higher level of PICF PGE2 was observed in the EMD group than in the Bio-Oss Collagen group, and this increase was of statistical significance; however, at the third month there was no statistically significant difference in PICF PGE2 levels between the two groups. For implants placed in EMD sites, ISQ values were statistically higher at the third month than at the first month, while no significant differences in ISQ value were detected between the first and third months in Bio-Oss Collagen sites. Conclusions: The results of this research suggest that both EMD and Bio-Oss Collagen are effective treatment modalities for stimulating the formation of new bone at extraction sites prior to implant surgery.
An Ethical Work Climate and its Consequences among Food-service Franchise Employees

This study was conducted to examine the effect of ethical values and an ethical work climate (EWC) (responsibility, unethical peer behaviors, and selling orientation) on organizational trust, and organizational commitment (affective and continuance commitment), which in turn influence turnover intentions to acquire a competitive edge in a competitive world. Data were obtained from 276 employees of food-service franchised companies in Korea. The results suggest that an EWC mediates the relationship between ethical values and organizational trust, which in turn has a positive influence on organizational commitment and turnover intention. Contributions and directions for future study are discussed.
Transaction Costs and Cattle Marketing: The Information Content of Seller‐Provided Presale Data at Bull Auctions

At sales out breeding bulls, prospective buyers have strong incentives to undertake presale measurement activities. To reduce these transaction costs, sellers often provide information on sale bulls. We examine the information content of two measures of the expected performance of the bulls and find that within a given herd, older, simpler measures of performance contain more information about prices (from buyers' perspectives) than newer, more sophisticated measures known as expected progeny differences, or EPDs. We also find, however, that buyers appear to pay considerable attention to annual changes in herd‐average EPD values when comparing animals from different sellers.
Paradigm Shift or Passing Fad? Twitter and Sports Journalism

This was an extension of research by the same authors (2010) that investigated sports reporters’ perception of their use of Twitter as part of their professional journalistic duties. Using content-analysis methodology (N = 1,008), the authors investigated how sports reporters actually used Twitter. Analysis showed a discrepancy between journalist responses and measured content. Although journalists said they were using Twitter for breaking news and promotion, the dominant result of the content analysis was commentary and opinion. There were also differences related to print and smaller media outlets. The implications of such differences are discussed, including a possible paradigmatic shift in journalists’ approaches.
Medication Errors in Patients with Enteral Feeding Tubes in the Intensive Care Unit

Objective: Most patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU) have problems in using oral medication or ingesting solid forms of drugs. Selecting the most suitable dosage form in such patients is a challenge. The current study was conducted to assess the frequency and types of errors of oral medication administration in patients with enteral feeding tubes or suffering swallowing problems. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in the ICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. Patients were assessed for the incidence and types of medication errors occurring in the process of preparation and administration of oral medicines. Findings: Ninety-four patients were involved in this study and 10,250 administrations were observed. Totally, 4753 errors occurred among the studied patients. The most commonly used drugs were pantoprazole tablet, piracetam syrup, and losartan tablet. A total of 128 different types of drugs and nine different oral pharmaceutical preparations were prescribed for the patients. Forty-one (35.34%) out of 116 different solid drugs (except effervescent tablets and powders) could be substituted by liquid or injectable forms. The most common error was the wrong time of administration. Errors of wrong dose preparation and administration accounted for 24.04% and 25.31% of all errors, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, at least three-fourth of the patients experienced medication errors. The occurrence of these errors can greatly impair the quality of the patients' pharmacotherapy, and more attention should be paid to this issue.
Unfinished business in the international dialogue on debt

From November 2001 to April 2003, the International Monetary Fund grappled with a radical proposal, the Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism, for handling the external debt of insolvent governments of developing and transition economies. That proposal was rejected, but new "collective action clauses" that address some of the difficulties in restructuring bond debt are being introduced. In addition, IMF is developing a pragmatic and eclectic approach to assessing debt sustainability that can be useful to governments and creditors. However, many of the problems in restructuring sovereign debt remain and this paper suggests both specific reforms and modalities for considering them.
Exploring consumer attitude and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry in India

Purpose – The study seeks to explore the factors which influence the consumer attitude and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry in India and also to explore the consumers' intentions to pay for these practices.Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative and qualitative research methodology using a questionnaire along with secondary research has been proposed. A structured questionnaire has been used using convenience‐sampling techniques from National Capital Region in India. Correlation and factor analysis has been used to explore consumers' attitudes and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry.Findings – The consumers using hotel services are conscious about environmentally friendly practices in India. They patronise the hotels that have adapted green practices though not compromising on service quality. The consumers would prefer to use lodging that follows these practices but are not willing to pay extra for these services. Indian hotels have the competitive adva.
Flow Cytometry‐Based Quantification of Cell Proliferation in the Mixed Cell Co‐Culture

In cell communities, among the crucial signals that govern cell function are those generated locally by surrounding cells. A co‐culture of mixed homotypic or heterotypic cells, which is often used in various fields of experimental biology and medicine, can be applied for elucidation of the role of cell proximity in modulating proliferative responses. Quick and reliable quantification of the changes in proliferation of each of the mixed cell populations as a result of their co‐culture is of importance. For this purpose, flow cytometry together with fluorescent tracers that do not affect cell proliferation can be used. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 63:9.40. 1‐9.40. 10. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Too Good to be True: Board Structural Independence as a Moderator of CEO Pay-for-Firm-Performance

Whether voluntary or mandatory in nature, most recent corporate governance codes of best practice assume that board structural independence, and the application by boards of outcome-based incentive plans, are important boundary conditions for the enforcement of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) pay-for-firm-performance; that is, for optimal contracting between owners and executive agents. We test this logic on a large Australian sample using a system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach to dynamic panel data estimation. We find that Australian boards exhibiting best practice structural arrangements those chaired by non-executives and dominated by non-executive directors at the full board and compensation committee levels are no more adept at enforcing CEO pay-for-firm-performance than are executive-dominated boards. These findings suggest that policy makers' faith in incentive plans and the moderating influence of structural independence per se may be misplaced. Our findings also hold significant implications for corporate governance theory. Specifically, the findings lend further support to a contingency-based understanding of board composition, reward choice and monitoring; an approach integrating the insights afforded by behavioural approaches to Agency Theory and by social-cognitive and institutional understandings of director outlook, decision-making and behaviour.
Are the Unions Still Needed? Employees' Views of their Relations to Unions and Employers

Collectivist attitudes among workers are often said to have become replaced by individualistic leanings. Some argue that individualism is also spreading within the traditional manual working class and in particular among the young. On the basis of a survey carried out in Sweden in 1997, aspects of the collectivism-individualism issue are studied empirically: whether employees think that trade unions are necessary for successful negotiation with their employers, and whether they prefer to take care of negotiations individually. Data are cross-sectional and thus cannot tell us much about change among respondents, but the connections between attitudinal patterns and age and social class are analysed. The main conclusions are that the perceived need for the union is clearly more widespread among manual workers than among white-collar employees, especially higher-level white-collar workers Accordingly, it matters which union people belong to, but the non-unionized are the most negative. There are no significant age differences. Second, the view that negotiations are best taken care of by the individual him-/herself is mainly endorsed by white-collar workers, in particular those in higher positions, and by non-unionized employees. Moreover, the young tend to be more individualistically oriented than older employees, but this difference is statistically significant only insofar as union membership is not taken into account. It should be noted that youth have a lower rate of unionization. This may be due to negative attitudes towards collectivism, or that they have found little reason to join the union because they have unstable job situations - which would then in turn explain their individualistic orientation.
Child-directed speech produced by mothers with symptoms of depression fails to promote associative learning in 4-month-old infants.

Child-directed (CD) speech segments produced by 20 mothers who varied in self-reported symptoms of depression, recorded during a structured play interaction with their 2- to 6-month-old infants, were used as conditioned stimuli with face reinforcers in a conditioned attention paradigm. After pairings of speech segments and faces, speech segments were assessed for their ability to increase time spent looking at a novel checker-board pattern (summation test) using 225 4-month-old infants of nondepressed mothers. Significant positive summation, an index of associative learning, was obtained in groups of infants tested with speech produced by mothers with comparatively fewer self-reported symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory or BDI < or = 15). However, significant positive summation was not achieved using speech samples produced by mothers with comparatively more symptoms of depression (BDI > 15). These results indicate that the CD speech produced by mothers with symptoms of depression does not promote associative learning in infants.
Early atherosclerosis...what does it mean?

The fact that the seeds of atherosclerosis are sown many decades before the manifestation of clinical end-points is undisputable. Even the description of atherogenesis as a ‘cradle to grave’ phenomenon underplays the importance of pre-natal programming and the intra-uterine environment. The evidence for these viewpoints is not purely epidemiological. Lipidladen macrophages and smooth muscle cells (‘fatty streaks’) are present in the arterial wall even in the first decade of life. The presence of atheromatous disorders cannot be considered an all-or-none phenomenon but as a multi-factorial, multi-step process with a long pre-clinical prodrome in which only a minority of ‘affected’ individuals go on to present with overt disease. The presence of atheroma, although closely related to events, is not, however, synonymous with outcome representing only one aspect of the pathogenesis of these disease processes. The understanding that there is a complex tapestry of inter-related cardiovascular risk factors has led to the emerging fields of effective risk estimation and primary prevention. One of the first risk factors to be recognised was that of a positive family history. Familial clustering of coronary events has long been recognised, as has the correlation amongst relatives of various intermediate risk factors associated with atherosclerosis. A positive family history of cardiac events is known to be a strong independent risk factor for coronary artery disease with a parental history of myocardial infarction doubling an offspring’s chance of infarction. This risk is inversely related to the age of the parent at the time of their index event with early cardiac events being more familial than those occurring in later years. Many risk factor scoring systems appear to sideline the significance of a family history. This is not a denial of the importance of this variable but rather a refection of the difficulties in reliably defining and quantifying this parameter in clinical practice. Previous studies have investigated the influence of having affected family members on pre-clinical manifestations of disease and such influences are evident as early as 1 year of age. Autopsy studies have shown