Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A general stability analysis of FIT/FDTD applied to lossy dielectrics and lumped elements

Stability analysis of the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method is usually performed using von Neumann analysis, where a necessary condition for stability is obtained by requiring the amplitude of discrete Fourier modes defined on the grid to remain bounded. However, this limits the analysis to homogeneous materials, equidistant grids and unbounded domains. A rare situation in practical computations. In this paper we analytically derive sufficient conditions for stability of FDTD using the energy method. This method does not have the restrictions of von Neumann analysis and we are therefore able to derive closed‐form conditions for stability in the case of non‐homogeneous and lossy dielectrics, non‐homogeneous permeability and varying cell sizes. Moreover, the analysis is applied to different lumped elements. In addition, a discussion of advantages and disadvantages of different discrete energy definitions in FDTD is included. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral and Brain Functions

Background: Speech perception is based on a variety of spectral and temporal acoustic features available in the acoustic signal. Voice-onset time (VOT) is considered an important cue that is cardinal for phonetic perception. Methods: In the present study, we recorded and compared scalp auditory evoked potentials (AEP) in response to consonant-vowel-syllables (CV) with varying voice-onset-times (VOT) and nonspeech analogues with varying noise-onset-time (NOT). In particular, we aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of acoustic feature processing underlying elemental speech perception and relate this temporal processing mechanism to specific activations of the auditory cortex. Results: Results show that the characteristic AEP waveform in response to consonant-vowelsyllables is on a par with those of non-speech sounds with analogue temporal characteristics. The amplitude of the N1a and N1b component of the auditory evoked potentials significantly correlated with the duration of the VOT in CV and likewise, with the duration of the NOT in non-speech sounds. Furthermore, current density maps indicate overlapping supratemporal networks involved in the perception of both speech and non-speech sounds with a bilateral activation pattern during the N1a time window and leftward asymmetry during the N1b time window. Elaborate regional statistical analysis of the activation over the middle and posterior portion of the supratemporal plane (STP) revealed strong left lateralized responses over the middle STP for both the N1a and N1b component, and a functional leftward asymmetry over the posterior STP for the N1b component. Conclusion: The present data demonstrate overlapping spatio-temporal brain responses during the perception of temporal acoustic cues in both speech and non-speech sounds. Source estimation evidences a preponderant role of the left middle and posterior auditory cortex in speech and nonspeech discrimination based on temporal features. Therefore, in congruency with recent fMRI studies, we suggest that similar mechanisms underlie the perception of linguistically different but acoustically equivalent auditory events on the level of basic auditory analysis. Published: 10 December 2007 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2007, 3:63 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-3-63 Received: 4 September 2007 Accepted: 10 December 2007 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/3/1/63 © 2007 Zaehle et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Precise velocity control of a bipedal robot using CPG circuits in creating different behaviors*

Abstract In this paper, we have extended our previous work, which created several motion phases in running and walking movements with a central pattern generator (CPG) model, to controlling the robot’s walking speed easily and precisely within a wide speed range to investigate the possibility of CPG in the domain of bipedal robotic locomotion. Our method proposed herein basically used our hybrid CPG (H-CPG) model. This model consisted of a rhythm generator using CPG, a force controller, and an attitude controller. We have also introduced a modulation mechanism using a velocity feedback loop in this force controller for the precise control of acting forces from the tip of the support leg to the floor and the walking stride length. This mechanism can realize accurate modulation of the walking velocity reflecting an error between the target velocity and the current velocity in real time. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for realizing precise control of the locomotion speed in both backward and forward stable walking.
PHF8-GLUL axis in lipid deposition and tumor growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

For clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), lipid deposition plays important roles in the development, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid deposition in ccRCC remain largely unknown. By conducting an unbiased CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified the epigenetic regulator plant homeodomain finger protein 8 (PHF8) as an important regulator in ccRCC lipid deposition. Moreover, PHF8 is regulated by von Hippel–Lindau (VHL)/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) axis and essential for VHL deficiency–induced lipid deposition. PHF8 transcriptionally up-regulates glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL), which promotes the lipid deposition and ccRCC progression. Mechanistically, by forming a complex with c-MYC, PHF8 up-regulates TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) in a histone demethylation–dependent manner. Subsequently, TEAD1 up-regulates GLUL transcriptionally. Pharmacological inhibition of GLUL by l-methionine sulfoximine not only repressed ccRCC lipid deposition and tumor growth but also enhanced the anticancer effects of everolimus. Thus, the PHF8-GLUL axis represents a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC treatment.
When to shed? Patterns and drivers of time to first ecdysis in snakes

Abstract Time from birth or hatching to the first shed (postnatal ecdysis) in snakes ranges from about an hour to several weeks depending upon the species. We assessed patterns in time to postnatal ecdysis in 102 snake species for which we could source appropriate information, covering 2.6% of all extant snake species, and related measures to various biological traits. Reconstruction revealed ancestral time to postnatal ecdysis to be 11 days. Since time to postnatal ecdysis can be shorter or longer than the ancestral state, we argue that there are several competing drivers for time to postnatal ecdysis. A reduced time to postnatal ecdysis has evolved in several lineages, commonly in ambush‐foraging, viviparous vipers, while extended time to postnatal ecdysis is associated with oviparous species with maternal care. Of central importance is the impact of postnatal ecdysis on the scent levels of neonates, resulting in a reduction of time to postnatal ecdysis in chemically cryptic species, while the pivotal role of scent in mother–neonate recognition has resulted in the retention or extension of time to postnatal ecdysis. We showed that postnatal ecdysis improves chemical crypsis. The patterns revealed in this study suggest that measures of time to postnatal ecdysis can provide insights into the biology of snakes and be used as an indicator of certain life history traits.
Reproducibility of knee extensor and flexor contraction velocity in healthy men and women assessed using tensiomyography: A registered report

Background Tensiomyography measures the radial displacement of a muscle during an electrically evoked twitch contraction. Different concepts to determine the rate of displacement (Vc) from the maximum twitch exist, but information on their reproducibility is scarce. Further, different inter-stimuli intervals during progressive stimulation are used, but the effect of different intervals on Vc is unclear. Objectives The first aim of this study was to investigate the within and between-day reliability of the five most frequently used Vc concepts. The second aim was to investigate the effect of different inter-stimuli intervals on Vc. Methods On two consecutive days, we determined Vc of the biceps femoris long head and rectus femoris of twenty-four healthy subjects. The maximum displacement was determined twice within three minutes on day one and a third time 24 h later. Also, on day two, we applied three blocks of ten consecutive stimuli at a constant intensity of 50 mA, separated by 3 min each. Inter-stimuli intervals in randomly ordered blocks were 10 s, 20 s or 30 s, respectively. Results All Vc concepts displayed good to excellent relative (ICC 0.87–0.99) and generally good absolute within- and between-day reliability for both muscles. Across Vc-concepts, absolute reliability was higher for the rectus femoris (CV% 1.3–7.95%) compared to the biceps femoris (CV% 6.06–15.30%). In both muscles, Vc was generally not affected by different inter-stimuli intervals. For most Vc concepts, repeated stimulation induced an increase regardless of the inter-stimuli interval, but this effect was mainly trivial and small at most. Conclusions The reproducibility of Vc concepts was generally good but varies between different muscles. A rest interval of 10 s seems preferable to longer intervals for less time required per measurement. Following this initial study, the effect of different inter-stimuli intervals on Vc should be further investigated.
Pollinator‐mediated plant coexistence requires high levels of pollinator specialization

Abstract In pollen‐limited plant communities, the foraging behavior of pollinators might mediate coexistence and competitive exclusion of plant species by determining which plants receive conspecific pollen. A key question is whether realistic pollinator foraging behavior promotes coexistence or exclusion of plant species. We use a simulation model to understand how pollinator foraging behavior impacts the coexistence dynamics of pollen‐limited plants. To determine whether pollinators are likely to provide a biologically important coexistence mechanism, we compare our results to bee foraging data from the literature and from a novel experimental analysis. Model results indicate that strong specialization at the level of individual foraging paths is required to promote coexistence. However, few empirical studies have robustly quantified within‐bout specialization. Species‐level data suggest that foraging behavior is sufficient to permit pollinator‐mediated coexistence in species‐poor plant communities and possibly in diverse communities where congeneric plants co‐occur. Our experiments using bumblebees show that individual‐level specialization does exist, but not at levels sufficient to substantially impact coexistence dynamics. The literature on specialization within natural foraging paths suffers from key limitations, but overall suggests that pollinator‐mediated coexistence should be rare in diverse plant communities.
Spatial patterns and predictors of unintended pregnancy among reproductive age women in Ethiopia

Introduction Unintended pregnancy is amajor sexual and reproductive health problem that imposes substantial health, economical and psychosocial costs to individuals and society as well as significant emotional distress to women, families, and society. The main aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution and predictors of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopian regions and administrative zones. Methods This study was conducted based on data from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy across regions and or zones was assessed using spatial analysis, and the effect of different factors on unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia was investigated using a generalized linear mixed model with a multistage clustered sampling strategy. The crude and best linear unbiased predictor estimations of zones were integrated with the shape file data to demonstrate the performance of each zone on maps. Results The prevalence of unintended pregnancy for reproductive women in Ethiopia was29.49%. The highest rates of unintended pregnancy were recorded in the North Gondar zone of the Amhara region and the Jima zone in the Oromiya region. The mixed effects model revealed that age [AOR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.62–0.97], residence [AOR = 2.62, 95%CI, 1.94, 7.27], marital status [AOR = 0.05, 95%CI, 0.01–0.38], women education [AOR = 1.34, 95%CI, 0.75–2.39], smoking cigarettes [AOR = 3.67, 95CI, 1.17–11.56], and poorer wealth index [AOR = 1.89, 95% CI, 1.51–2.31] were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Conclusion In Ethiopia, unintended pregnancy is a public health issue, and prevention stratagem for unintended pregnancy among reproductive women need to be focused based on the identified predictors. The spatial distribution of unintended pregnancy varied greatly at zonal and regional levels in Ethiopia. Hence, we recommended that, creating awareness of sexual and reproductive health with special priority to the identified hotspot areas (Amhara, Oromiya and SNN regions) to reduce unintended pregnancy. Emphasis on fertility and contraceptive techniques should be given to couples by health professionals.
Developing an Interdisciplinary Area of Economics and Human- Computer Interaction

As an important component of IS research, human-computer interaction (HCI) research in IS has heavily relied on reference disciplines. Economics is less referenced despite the fact that human beings have been strongly driven by economic rules. This paper purports that economics can be of high value to HCI research, providing fresh perspectives for understanding HCI phenomena. Drawing upon concepts and theories in neoclassical economics, behavioral economics, and information economics, this paper examines five important HCI topics from various perspectives from the field of economics. Accordingly, eighteen propositions are developed, demonstrating the usefulness of economics for advancing our understanding of HCI phenomena. While claiming the benefits of referring to economics, this paper also warns HCI researchers of the potential threats of doing so. Opinions are offered about how HCI researchers can refer to economics strategically.
Within-subject variation of HbA1c: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement is used to diagnose and to guide treatment of diabetes mellitus. Within-subject variability in measured HbA1c affects its clinical utility and interpretation, but no comprehensive systematic review has described within-subject variability. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of within-subject variability of HbA1c. Multiple databases were searched from inception to November 2022 for follow-up studies of any design in adults or children, with repeated measures of HbA1c or glycosylated haemoglobin. Title and abstract screening was performed in duplicate, full text screening and data extraction by one reviewer and verified by a second. Risk of bias of included papers was assessed using a modified consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement Instruments (COSMIN) tool. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) results were pooled with a meta-analysis and coefficient of variation (CV) results were described by median and range. Results Of 2675 studies identified, 111 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies reported variability data in healthy patients, 19 in patients with type 1 diabetes and 59 in patients with type 2 diabetes. Median within-subject coefficient of variation (CV) was 0.070 (IQR 0.034 to .09). For healthy subjects the median CV for HbA1c % was 0.017 (IQR 0.013 to 0.022), for patients with type 1 diabetes 0.084 (IQR 0.067 to 0.89) and for type 2 diabetes 0.083 (IQR 0.06 to 0.10). CV increased with mean population HbA1c. Limitations Assessment of variability was not the main aim of many of the included studies and some relevant papers may have been missed. Many included papers had few participants or few repeated measurements. Conclusions Within-subject variability of HbA1c is higher for patients with than without diabetes and increases with mean population HbA1c. This may confound observed relationships between HbA1c variability and health outcomes. Because of its importance in clinical decision-making there is a need for better estimates and understanding of factors associated with of HbA1c variability.
The longitudinal role of family conflict and neural reward sensitivity in youth’s internalizing symptoms

Abstract Adolescence is often associated with an increase in psychopathology. Although previous studies have examined how family environments and neural reward sensitivity separately play a role in youth’s emotional development, it remains unknown how they interact with each other in predicting youth’s internalizing symptoms. Therefore, the current research took a biopsychosocial approach to examine this question using two-wave longitudinal data of 9353 preadolescents (mean age = 9.93 years at T1; 51% boys) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Using mixed-effects models, results showed that higher family conflict predicted youth’s increased internalizing symptoms 1 year later, whereas greater ventral striatum (VS) activity during reward receipt predicted reduced internalizing symptoms over time. Importantly, there was an interaction effect between family conflict and VS activity. For youth who showed greater VS activation during reward receipt, high family conflict was more likely to predict increased internalizing symptoms. In contrast, youth with low VS activation during reward receipt showed high levels of internalizing symptoms regardless of family conflict. The findings suggest that youth’s neural reward sensitivity is a marker of susceptibility to adverse family environments and highlight the importance of cultivating supportive family environments where youth experience less general conflict within the family.
THE OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO WEIGHTS USING THE PROPORTIONAL TYPE ESTIMATORS

Error estimation in both the expected returns and the covariance matrix hamper the construction of optimal mean-variance portfolio model. In order to overcome this problem, we consider the class of proportional type estimators. The sensitivity of the proposed estimators to errors is measured by the expected loss function (the risk function). The simulation study is conducted when multivariate returns are normally distributed and serially independent. Furthermore, simulation study is complemented by an investigation of the ex post excess returns for empirical datasets, i.e., average, standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, and utility. It turns out that the unbiased proportional estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator are underperformed compared to “the dominant” estimator.
Frequency Regularization: Restricting Information Redundancy of Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional neural networks have demonstrated impressive results in many computer vision tasks. However, the increasing size of these networks raises concerns about the information redundancy within the network parameters. In this paper, we proposed the Frequency Regularization to restrict the non-zero elements of the network parameters in frequency domain. The proposed approach operates at the tensor level, and can be applied to almost any kind of network architectures. Specifically, the tensors of parameters are maintained in the frequency domain, where high frequency components can be eliminated by zigzag setting tensor elements to zero. Then, the inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) is used to reconstruct the spatial tensors for matrix operations during network training. Since high frequency components of images are known to be non-critical, a large proportion of the parameters can be set to zero when networks are trained with proposed frequency regularization. Comprehensive evaluations on various state-of-the-art network architectures, including LeNet, Alexnet, VGG, Resnet, UNet, GAN, and VAE, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed frequency regularization. Under the condition with tiny accuracy decrease (less than 2%), a LeNet5 with 0.4M parameters can be represented by 776 float16 numbers(over 1100 × ), a UNet with 34M parameters can be represented by 2936 float16 numbers (over 20000 × ).
SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE QUANTITATIVE NATURAL LANGUAGE SENTENCES

In this paper we propose the description of two methods of quan- titative natural language sentences representation with the use of the first order logic. Both of these methods extend the classic first order logic. One of these two methods was introduced by J. Allen (4) who extends the clas- sic logic by admitting sets as objects (method 2). The other method, more restrictive, (introduced by the authors of this paper) extends the quantifier semnification - specially the existential one - thus the quantifier would be able to express exact quantities (method 1). This method is a specialization of Allen's method. In the second part of this paper we describe an implementation of the first method by the lambda calculus and also the transformation of these expressions in first order formulas using Prolog predicates.
A Quantum Algorithm for Finding Minimum Exclusive-Or Expressions for Multi-Output Incompletely Specified Boolean Functions . PRELIMINARY VERSION

This paper presents a quantum algorithm for finding minimal ESCT (Exclusive-or Sum of Complex Terms) or ESOP (Exclusive-or Sum Of Products) expressions for any arbitrary multi-output switching function that is not necessarily completely specified. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of the inherent massive parallelism of quantum circuits in order to achieve better complexity than the conventional ones. The proposed Exclusive-Or (xor) expressions such as ESCT can be used to implement an arbitrary Boolean function into a reversible or even a quantum circuit. keywords: quantum computing, logic design 1
T A PE X : T ABLE P RE - TRAINING VIA L EARNING

Recent progress in language model pre-training has achieved a great success via leveraging large-scale unstructured textual data. However, it is still a challenge to apply pre-training on structured tabular data due to the absence of large-scale high-quality tabular data. In this paper, we propose TAPEX to show that table pretraining can be achieved by learning a neural SQL executor over a synthetic corpus, which is obtained by automatically synthesizing executable SQL queries and their execution outputs. TAPEX addresses the data scarcity challenge via guiding the language model to mimic a SQL executor on the diverse, large-scale and highquality synthetic corpus. We evaluate TAPEX on four benchmark datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that TAPEX outperforms previous table pre-training approaches by a large margin and achieves new state-of-the-art results on all of them. This includes improvements on the weakly-supervised WikiSQL denotation accuracy to 89.5% (+2.3%), the WikiTableQuestions denotation accuracy to 57.5% (+4.8%), the SQA denotation accuracy to 74.5% (+3.5%), and the TabFact accuracy to 84.2% (+3.2%). To our knowledge, this is the first work to exploit table pre-training via synthetic executable programs and to achieve new state-of-the-art results on various downstream tasks.