Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic race blindness: not so black and white?

Purpose – Strategic race‐blindness (purposely avoiding mention of a target's ethnicity to appear unprejudiced) potentially hinders eyewitness testimony.Design/methodology/approach – The current study examined whether participant and interviewer race affected the recollection of black, white or Western Asian individuals, where it was indicated the targets were criminal or not. Data were gathered using a cognitive interview‐type methodology whereby stimulus questioning was open, rather than prompted. After a short interval participants spontaneously described the targets and the point at which race was used as a descriptor was noted.Findings – There was a clear effect of differential race mentioning in free recall by participants. However, multi‐level ordinal logistic regression found neither race of the interviewer nor race of the participant (or their interaction) influenced the mentioning of the race of the face in the photograph. This remained irrespective of the guilt of the person in the stimulus pict.
Categorical perception of unfamiliar facial identities, the face-space metaphor, and the morphing technique

Categorization is a fundamental property of the human brain. We used an image-morphing procedure to investigate the categorical perception of unfamiliar and familiar facial identities. Two delayed matching tasks are reported here. First, independently of face familiarity, subjects discriminate more easily two different morphed faces belonging to two different identities than two different morphed faces belonging to the same one, even if the physical distance within the pairs is identical. Second, this holds on only when faces are upright. The results are interpreted in terms of how representations of faces are encoded and stored in long-term memory. The inability of the face-space metaphor, developed by Valentine (1991), is discussed. An alternative explanation, based on the morphing characteristics and the concept of typicality, is proposed.
‘My Teacher Told me “Toowoomba will Never Flood”’: Regional Community Uses of Facebook During the 2011 Queensland Floods

Regional Queensland and social media are not standard bedfellows in studies of Australian media use. Yet regional community responses to recent natural disasters on Facebook in particular warrant further investigation. Indeed, while the increasing use of social media by government organisations during disasters and other crises is by now well documented, the comparative surge in community uses — and particularly regional community uses — has received considerably less attention. This article is broadly interested in regional Queensland uses of Facebook during the 2011 Queensland floods, specifically the ‘Toowoomba & Darling Downs Flood Photos & Info Page’ (https://www.facebook.com/TmbaLockyerFloods? fref=ts 10 January 2011). Drawing on an interview with the page's creator, I consider both the speed and apparent efficacy of the page as a tool of grassroots (or unofficial) crisis communication, partly compared with its most obvious official counterpart, the Toowoomba Regional Council's Facebook page. Ultimately, I argue that the ‘Toowoomba & Darling Downs Flood Photos & Info Page’ offers an emphatically more useful model of social media-based crisis communication from which others might draw.
Breakpoint sites disclose the role of the V(D)J recombination machinery in the formation of T-cell receptor (TCR) and non-TCR associated aberrations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Aberrant recombination between T-cell receptor genes and oncogenes gives rise to chromosomal translocations that are genetic hallmarks in several subsets of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. The V(D)J recombination machinery has been shown to play a role in the formation of these T-cell receptor translocations. Other, non-T-cell receptor chromosomal aberrations, such as SIL-TAL1 deletions, have likewise been recognized as V(D)J recombination associated aberrations. Despite the postulated role of V(D)J recombination, the extent of the V(D)J recombination machinery involvement in the formation of T-cell receptor and non-T-cell receptor aberrations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is still poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive in silico and ex vivo evaluation of 117 breakpoint sites from 22 different T-cell receptor translocation partners as well as 118 breakpoint sites from non-T-cell receptor chromosomal aberrations. Based on this extensive set of breakpoint data, we provide a comprehensive overview of T-cell receptor and oncogene involvement in T-ALL. Moreover, we assessed the role of the V(D)J recombination machinery in the formation of chromosomal aberrations, and propose an up-dated mechanistic classification on how the V(D)J recombination machinery contributes to the formation of T-cell receptor and non-T-cell receptor aberrations in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
New security threats against chips containing scan chain structures

Insertion of scan chains is the most common technique to ensure observability and controllability of sequential elements in an IC. However, when the chip deals with secret information, the scan chain can be used as back door for accessing secret (or hidden) information, and thus jeopardize the overall security. Several scan-based attacks on cryptographic functions have been described and showed the need for secure scan implementations. These attacks assume a single scan chain. However the conception of large designs and restrictions in terms of test costs may require the implementation of many scan chains and additional test infrastructures for test response compaction. In this paper, we present a new generic scan attack that covers a wide range of industrial test infrastructures, including spatial response compressors.
Object of Activity and Individual Motivation

A. N. Leontiev (1978) introduced the philosophical concept of practice, or "objective activity" into psychology to reconsider its foundations, and in this context he elaborated the concept of the object of activity. This article deals with the co-formation of an object of a collective activity and of the goals, motives and capabilities of individuals. This is discussed by taking as starting points the social and practical origins of human needs, the complex and contradictory nature of an object of activity and division of labor. The concept of artifact-mediated desire for recognition is introduced as a resource for making sense of the formation of the individual motives in collective work activities. The object-related individual capabilities that are generated in a collective activity are transferable to other activities, thus constituting the basis of professional recognition, identity and career aspirations. The nature of this co-evolution is clarified using the work of a biotechnical laboratory as an example.
Circumvention of drug resistance in cisplatin-resistant sublines of the human squamous carcinoma cell line HLac 79 in vitro and in vivo.

In a previous report we have characterized cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant sublines (HLac 79-DDP1 to DDP4) of the recloned squamous cell head and neck cancer (SCHNC) line HLac 79-ML revealing significant alterations of glutathione (GSH) metabolism and drug accumulation. In order to overcome CDDP-resistance in HLac 79 cells we now investigated the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH synthesis, verapamil (VRP), a calcium channel blocker that has been found to modulate resistance towards a broad spectrum of antineoplastic drugs, cyclosporin A (CSA), an immunosuppressive agent probably affecting drug pharmacokinetics, and aphidicolin (APC), a fungal metabolite interfering with DNA repair through inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha, on HLac 79 CDDP-sensitivity. Using the colorimetric MTT assay, GSH depletion with BSO led to a significant decrease of the 50% inhibitory drug concentration (IC50) in all HLac 79 sublines by dose modifying factors (IC50 CDDP/IC50 BSO + CDDP) ranging from 1.8 to 3.3. VRP, CSA or APC were not effective to overcome CDDP resistance in HLac 79 cells. The potential of BSO to modulate CDDP resistance in vitro was tested in vivo in HLac 79 tumor bearing NMRI nu-nu mice subsequently. Oral administration of BSO 7 days prior and during (days -7 to 8) CDDP treatment (3 mg/kg bw i.p. days 0, 4, 8) produced a significant prolongation of mean survival time mean as compared to chemotherapy alone. This held true for both the maternal line ML in terms of chemosensitization (CDDP: mean = 40.2 +/- 15.9 days vs. CDDP + BSO: mean = 80.3 +/- 30.4 days, p less than 0.001) and the CDDP resistant subline DDP4 in terms of partially overcoming secondary drug resistance (CDDP: mean = 56.5 +/- 13.6 days vs. CDDP + BSO: mean = 72.5 +/- 15.8 days, p less than 0.001). Enhanced toxicity of combined BSO and CDDP treatment manifested by transient 10% reduction of animal mean body weight.
An Early Cambrian problematic fossil: Vetustovermis and its possible affinities

The Early Cambrian problematic fossil Vetustovermis (Glaessner 1979 Alcheringa 3, 21–31) was described as an annelid or arthropod. Anatomical analysis of 17 new specimens from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan Shale at Anning, Kunming (South China) does not support its affinities with annelids or arthropods. Anatomical features instead resemble other animal groups including modern flatworms, nemertines and molluscs. The presence of a pelagic slug-like form and ventral foot, as well as a head with eyes and tentacles indicates a possible affinity with molluscs, but these characters are not present only in molluscs; some of them are shared with other animal groups, including flatworms and nemertines. For example, a ventral foot-like structure is found in nemertines, ‘turbellarians’, and some polychaete groups. The well differentiated head is seen in separate bilaterian groups, but among molluscs it did not occur before the evolutionary level of the Conchifera. Unlike the ctenia-gills in molluscs, the gills in Vetustovermis are bar-like. All the characters displayed in this 525 million-year old soft-bodied animal fail to demonstrate clear affinity with molluscs or any other known extant or extinct animal groups, but argue for representing an independently evolved animal group, which flourished in Early Cambrian and possibly in Middle Cambrian time.
Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes?

Dental diseases are among the most prevalent and costly diseases affecting industrialized societies, and yet are highly preventable. The microflora of dental plaque biofilms from diseased sites is distinct from that found in health, although the putative pathogens can often be detected in low numbers at normal sites. In dental caries, there is a shift towards community dominance by acidogenic and acid-tolerant Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. mutans streptococci and lactobacilli) at the expense of the acid-sensitive species associated with sound enamel. In contrast, the numbers and proportions of obligately anaerobic bacteria, including Gram-negative proteolytic species, increase in periodontal diseases. Modelling studies using defined consortia of oral bacteria grown in planktonic and biofilm systems have been undertaken to identify environmental factors responsible for driving these deleterious shifts in the plaque microflora. Repeated conditions of low pH (rather than sugar availability per se) selected for mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, while the introduction of novel host proteins and glycoproteins (as occurs during the inflammatory response to plaque), and the concomitant rise in local pH, enriched for Gram-negative anaerobic and asaccharolytic species. These studies emphasized (a). significant properties of dental plaque as both a biofilm and a microbial community, and (b). the dynamic relationship existing between the environment and the composition of the oral microflora. This research resulted in a novel hypothesis (the 'ecological plaque hypothesis') to better describe the relationship between plaque bacteria and the host in health and disease. Implicit in this hypothesis is the concept that disease can be prevented not only by directly inhibiting the putative pathogens, but also by interfering with the environmental factors driving the selection and enrichment of these bacteria. Thus, a more holistic approach can be taken in disease control and management strategies.
Legitimacy and identity in teacher education: a micro‐political struggle constrained by macro‐political pressures1

To gain a clear sense of teacher educators at work, we need to look closely at the context in which they practice. Any attempt to address the questions of what works and the nature of evidence must be situated in the macro‐political context that constrains the work of teacher educators struggling for legitimacy and identity within both the university and the professional field of teaching. We characterize the macro‐political context as a set of neo‐liberalist forces that works to undermine the central role universities have played in the development of the nation state. As the university's role has become focused on supporting economic development and global competitiveness, this context is at odds with longstanding agendas of professional responsibility and self‐governance in teacher education. In this policy context, we argue that teacher educators need to engage in rigorous practice‐based inquiry that addresses issues of policy and governance, particularly those that tend toward direct government intervention or professional governance.
Combined Demosaicing and Adaptive Filtering on CFA Images

The gate-count of image signal processing (ISP) units in digital cameras is significantly dominated by the amount of line buffers utilized by the CFA (color filter array) image interpolation algorithm. Subsequent image filtering on RGB data requires further line buffers for each color channel. We present a local-adaptive Wiener filter for noise cancellation and image enhancement with incorporation of Chang's variable number of gradients interpolation method deploying a 5times5 neighborhood for each pixel. Four line buffers in total are utilized for demosaicing and filtering. Our experimental results indicate a significant increase in SNR whereas edges are preserved and image contrast is enhanced
Modifying Indium-Tin-Oxide by Gas Cosputtering for Use as an Insulator in Resistive Random Access Memory

In this paper, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) was used to act as both insulator and top electrode in resistive random access memory (RRAM) on identical bottom substrates. This is achieved by cosputtering an ITO target with nitride (N2) or oxygen (O2) gas as the insulator; then capping by an ITO electrode, such that both the rectifier and RRAM characteristics can be achieved before and after a forming process, respectively. In contrast, using pure ITO as an insulator does not exhibit RRAM behavior. To verify the rectifier and RRAM characteristics, material analyses and electrical measurements at various temperatures were conducted. Reliability tests including retention and endurance were also applied to verify the resistance switching stability. Finally, the rectifier and RRAM conduction models were proposed to examine the resistance switching behaviors. By applying the ITO material as both electrode and insulator, the resistance switching characteristic with high reliability is thus obtained.
Reinventing human resource management: Business partners, internal consultants and the limits to professionalization

The status of human resource management (HRM) and its standing as a managerial profession has been a recurring concern for practitioners over time. In recent years, a normative discourse has developed which asserts that the path to improved status for HR `professionals' involves reinvention of their role as `business partners' and `internal consultants' promoting enterprise competitiveness. This article examines how HR managers interpret this new role and whether the internalization of this model results in an increase in professional identity. The findings suggest that while many gain greater self-esteem and organizational status from the identity and role of business partner/internal consultant, this does not equate to a broader identity as a member of an HR `profession'. Two developments are central here. First, the focus on the business partner/ internal consultancy role has served to undermine any pretence to a unitary and cohesive occupational identity, as the bifurcation between routine transactional and strategic transformational activities encourages competition within the HR profession between different sub-groupings. Second, this strategy of redefinition has reduced the entry barriers demarcating HR activities and facilitated the entry of new occupational groups and rival managerial specialisms.
Fermion damping in hot gauge theories.

The damping rate to order {ital g}{sup 2}{ital T} for fermions in the long-wavelength limit of hot gauge theories is calculated using the recently developed resummation methods in terms of hard thermal loops. Both a heavy and a massless fermion are considered. Ward identities between the effective propagators and vertices are used to formally prove the gauge independence of the damping rate to this order in a wide class of gauges.
Fuzzy-Trace Theory and Framing Effects in Children's Risky Decision Making

Traditional theories of cognitive development predict that children progress from intuitive to computational thinking, whereas fuzzy-trace theory makes the opposite prediction To evaluate these alternatives, framing problems were administered to preschoolers, second graders, and fifth graders Consistent with fuzzy-trace theory, results indicated (a) that younger children focused on quantitative differences between outcomes and did not exhibit framing effects (risk avoidance for gains, risk seeking for losses) and (b) that older children assimilated these quantitative differences and displayed framing effects
Trinucleotide repeat instability: a hairpin curve at the crossroads of replication, recombination, and repair

The trinucleotide repeats that expand to cause human disease form hairpin structures in vitro that are proposed to be the major source of their genetic instability in vivo. If a replication fork is a train speeding along a track of double-stranded DNA, the trinucleotide repeats are a hairpin curve in the track. Experiments have demonstrated that the train can become derailed at the hairpin curve, resulting in significant damage to the track. Repair of the track often results in contractions and expansions of track length. In this review we introduce the in vitro evidence for why CTG/CAG and CCG/CGG repeats are inherently unstable and discuss how experiments in model organisms have implicated the replication, recombination and repair machinery as contributors to trinucleotide repeat instability in vivo.
The Influence of Campus Recreation beyond the Gym

Increasing student retention is an important issue on college campuses. Researchers have found that nonacademic aspects of campus such as campus recreation can positively influence students' lives (Belch, Gebel, & Maas, 2001; Lindsey & Sessoms, 2006). The purpose of this study was to examine some ways in which participation in campus recreation positively influenced students' lives. After receiving IRB approval, students were randomly selected to complete the campus recreation survey. The survey was based on the NIRSA/Student Voice Campus Recreation Impact Study survey. Of the students who answered the demographic questions, 45% were graduate/professional/continuing education students and 55% were undergraduate students; 43% were male, 56% were female, and < 1% transgender; and the majority of the sample was White (78%). The results showed that students reported a variety of benefits including health and social benefits from their participation in campus recreation facilities and programs.
Lettura condivisa in famigliae sviluppo del cervello nel bambino

505 N ogni nuova conoscenza produca, tra l’altro, anche l’evidenza di quanto ancora resta da esplorare e comprendere, non vi sono dubbi che la nostra concezione dello sviluppo del cervello sia oggi a un tempo più completa e per molti versi diversa da un passato anche recente. Ad esempio, il rapporto tra ciò che è innato, predeterminato geneticamente, e ciò che è acquisito dall’esperienza si sta caratterizzando come molto più dinamico di quanto si pensasse. L’esperienza non solo viene a riempire di contenuti le “scaffalature” di cui la natura ci ha dotato, ma contribuisce in qualche misura, e soprattutto nelle primissime epoche della vita, a definire l’architettura di queste scaffalature, contribuendo a determinare competenze e indirizzare tratti del carattere, in definitiva associandosi alla genetica nel definire come funziona il nostro cervello, e quindi chi siamo. L’acquisizione del linguaggio, e in seguito quella della lettura, sono i fattori che hanno maggiormente contribuito a uno sviluppo esponenziale delle competenze dell’uomo e della sua civiltà. La mente umana è, soprattutto, il prodotto della comunicazione. Solo questa constatazione basterebbe a cogliere l’importanza di comprendere come sia potuta avvenire questa meraviglia sul piano evoluzionistico e come possa avvenire sul piano individuale. Gli effetti sullo sviluppo del cervello della voce, del canto e della lettura ascoltata, quindi delle immagini e poi ancora delle lettere o dei simboli che ciascuna lingua utilizza, sono stati man mano chiariti da due decenni di studi che, oltre a costituire uno straordinario esempio del progresso del nostro sapere, sono ricchi di implicazioni pratiche.
The Evaluation of Information Campaigns to Promote Voluntary Household Water Conservation

Save-water campaigns are the most common tools for promoting household water conservation. Despite their popularity, there is some debate about how effective they are. In this article, the authors provide a representative review of the summative evaluations of persuasive conservation programs. It is concluded that there is an underuse of quasi-experimental techniques and qualitative analysis. Most have been too broad to allow for specific suggestions for improving campaigns. In the second half of the review, an outline of a communications model is offered and literature relating to both input and output variables pertaining to persuasion summarized. Gaps in understanding are identified. The need to systematically research behavioral change models to improve understanding and performance of persuasive water conservation campaigns is discussed.
Testing credit and blame attributions as explanation for choices under ambiguity

Abstract People make decisions every day based on their estimates of the chances of various events occurring. By their very nature, these subjective estimates are less certain, and thus more ambiguous, than objective probabilities such as those associated with roulette wheels or lotteries. In two experimental studies, we investigate choices between bets on the decision maker′s knowledge versus bets on a lottery with the same chance of winning. In Study 1, we partially replicate the Heath and Tversky (1991) finding that subjects have an increasing preference for betting on their own knowledge over the matched-chance lottery as probability increases. We also discover a significant minority of subjects who exhibit the opposite pattern and prefer the lottery as probability increases. In addition, we explicitly test the subjects′ attributions about the credit they would feel for a win and the blame they would feel for a loss, and these attributions do provide some explanation for their choice behavior. In Study 2, we manipulate knowledge and accountability, in an attempt to heighten the attributions of credit and blame, and we replicate the findings.