Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commissions and Omissions Are Dissociable Aspects of Everyday Action Impairment in Schizophrenia

Abstract Prior research using performance-based assessment of functional impairment has informed a novel neuropsychological model of everyday action impairment in dementia in which omission errors (i.e., failure to complete task steps) dissociate from commission errors (i.e., inaccurate performance of task steps) and have unique neuropsychological correlates. However, this model has not been tested in other populations. The present study examined whether this model extends to schizophrenia. Fifty-four individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were administered a neuropsychological protocol and the Naturalistic Action Test (NAT), a performance-based measure of everyday action. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to examine the construct(s) comprising everyday action impairment, and correlations between the resultant component(s) and neuropsychological tests were examined. Results showed that omissions and a subset of commissions were distinct components of everyday action. However, results did not support unique associations between these components and specific neuropsychological measures. These findings extend the omission-commission model to schizophrenia and may have important implications for efficient assessment and effective rehabilitation of functional impairment, such as the potential efficacy of targeted interventions for the rehabilitation of omission and commission deficits in everyday functioning. Larger studies with prospective designs are needed to replicate the present preliminary findings. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)
[A clinical study on fresh amniotic membrane transplantation for treatment of severe ocular surface disorders at acute inflammatory and cicatricial stage].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and evaluate the effect of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation to reconstruct the ocular surface with severe inflammation and scarring. METHOD Amniotic membrane transplantation (38 cases, 46 eyes), or combined with either limbal transplantation (9 cases, 9 eyes) or lamellar keratoplasty (8 cases, 8 eyes) was performed on ocular surface burns (5 cases, 6 eyes), recurrent Mooren's ulcer (8 cases, 8 eyes) and severe symblepharon (38 cases, 46 eyes). All the patients were followed-up for 6 - 18 months (mean, 11 months). Impression cytology was examined in 21 eyes with normal tear secretion post-operatively. RESULTS No acute rejection was observed after fresh amniotic membrane transplantation. No progressive melt and perforation were seen in five out of six eyes with burns in reconstructed ocular surfaces. Neovascularization, pseudopterygium and iris atrophy were not found during the follow-up. Visual acuity was improved in various degrees. Corneal ulceration was not noted in 8 cases (8 eyes) with frequently recurrent Mooren's ulcer. Ocular surface reconstruction was successful in 46 of 49 eyes with severe symblepharon. Symblepharon occurred in the remaining three eyes but much less than pre-transplantation in degree. Amniotic epithelia have been examined in about three months on the transplanted eyes with normal tear secretion. CONCLUSION Fresh amniotic membrane can be used as a graft to reconstruct ocular surface. Such transplantation can effectively reduce neovascularization, fibrosis and inflammation. Our data indicated that complete removal of pathological tissues and perfect fixation of amniotic membrane graft are crucial steps in the reconstruction of ocular surface.
The opportunities and challenges for a general definition of corporate sustainability

In recent years, academics and corporate analysts have suggested that the business world should incorporate sustainable development into their decision making, given that it is considered key to their long-term viability. The corporations which implement such strategies are usually labelled sustainable. In this paper, a number of definitions of corporate sustainability, each with different meanings, are presented; this variety has been transferred from the macroeconomic level (where this concept originated) and can now also be found at the microeconomic level. In order to clarify this ambiguity in meaning, the existence of which underlines the need to create a general definition, this paper has two aims: (1) to present a mapping for categorising the current definitions of corporate sustainability and tracing their origin and (2) to choose the most predominant definition and examine the opportunities, challenges, conflicts and efficient conditions which arise to develop a general definition of corporate sustainability.
Do consultant obstetricians and gynaecologists comply with motor traffic regulations when recalled to hospital to attend emergencies? A national audit

Summary Consultant obstetricians and gynaecologists are often recalled from home back into hospital to attend emergencies. We audited their driving practices and compliance to motor traffic regulations on recall to these emergencies with the aid of a questionnaire survey. A total of 218 of the 300 UK consultants surveyed responded. Some 65% of those who owned a green warning light beacon (GWL) admitted to speeding on some journeys and 46% ignored red lights; 84% of non-owners of a GWL would speed and 28% would ignore a red light. A total of 37 consultants had been stopped for traffic violations, nine with a GWL and 28 without. Five consultants had been involved in accidents returning to hospital to attend an emergency. Obstetricians and gynaecologists are disregarding motor traffic regulations in order to attend emergencies.
Tick Size, Share Prices, and Stock Splits

Minimum price variation rules help explain why stock prices vary substantially across countries and other curiosities of share prices. Companies tend to split their stock so that the institutionally mandated minimum tick size is optimal relative to the stock price. A large relative tick size provides an incentive for dealers to make markets and for investors to provide liquidity by placing limit orders, despite its placing a high floor on the quoted bid-ask spread. A simple model suggests that idiosyncratic risk, firm size, and visibility of the firm affect the optimal relative tick size and thus the share price. Copyright 1997 by American Finance Association.
Implementing School Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS): School Counselors' Perceptions of Student Outcomes, School Climate, and Professional Effectiveness

School-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) is a framework utilized by more than 18,000 schools in the United States. Middle and high school SWPBIS leadership teams are usually composed of administrators, school counselors, school psychologists, school social workers, special educators and general educators. The purpose of this study was to understand middle and high school counselors’ perceptions of the impact of SWPBIS. The Delphi methodology was used to gain agreement on changes to student outcomes, school climate, and school counselor effectiveness. A knowledgeable panel of school counselors from schools that are implementing SWPBIS with high fidelity identified changes to student outcomes, school climate, and implications for school counselor effectiveness. Suggestions for school counselors and pre-service school counseling curriculum are provided based on the results of this study. Implementing School Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS): School Counselors’ Perceptions of Student Outcomes, School Climate, and Professional Effectiveness Margaret D. Donohue B.A., Georgetown University, 1989 Ed. M. , Harvard Graduate School of Education, 1994 A Dissertation Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Connecticut 2014 SCHOOL COUNSELORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SWPBIS ii
Statistical approaches for identifying heavy users of inpatient mental health services

Abstract Background: A lack of consensus exists concerning how to identify “heavy users” of inpatient mental health services. Aim: To identify a statistical approach that captures, in a clinically meaningful way, “heavy” users of inpatient services using number of admissions and total time spent in hospital. Methods: “Simple” statistical methods (e.g. top 2%) and data driven methods (e.g. the Poisson mixture distribution) were applied to admissions made to adult acute services of a London mental health trust. Results: The Poisson mixture distribution distinguished “frequent users” of inpatient services, defined as having 4 + admissions in the study period. It also distinguished “high users” of inpatient services, defined as having 52 + occupied bed days. Together “frequent” and “high” users were classified as “heavy users”. Conclusions: Data driven criteria such as the Poisson mixture distribution can identify “heavy” users of inpatient services. The needs of this group require particular attention.
How I-BEST Works: Findings from a Field Study of Washington State's Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training Program.

Acknowledgments Funding for this research was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The authors wish to thank the administrators, staff, and faculty interviewed at Washington's community and technical colleges for their time and insights. They also wish to thank the Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges for supporting this research and reviewing earlier drafts of the report, Wendy Schwartz for her expert editing and formatting of the manuscript, and Doug Slater for managing the publication process. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. John Wachen is a senior research assistant at CCRC. He is involved in research on developmental education summer bridge programs, community college performance funding policies, developmental education assessment and placement practices, and the Achieving the Dream initiative. He holds a B.S. from Pennsylvania State University and an M.A. from the University of Maryland. focus of his work is finding ways to strengthen the capacity of community colleges and other public postsecondary institutions to educate economically and educationally disadvantaged individuals for gainful employment in a knowledge economy. He holds a doctorate in public policy analysis from Carnegie Mellon University. Michelle Van Noy is a research associate at CCRC. She conducts research on the workforce development role of community colleges. She holds an M.S. in public policy from Rutgers University. She is a Ph.D. candidate in sociology and education at Columbia University. at MPR. is the leading independent authority on the nation's 1,200 two-year colleges. CCRC's mission is to conduct research on the major issues affecting community colleges in the United States and to contribute to the development of practice and policy that expands access to higher education and promotes success for all students. Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST) is an innovative program and strategy developed by the Washington (WA) State Board for Community and Technical Colleges (SBCTC) in conjunction with the state's 29 community colleges and five technical colleges. Its goal is to increase the rate at which adult basic education and English-as-a-second-language students advance to college-level occupational programs and complete postsecondary credentials in fields offering good wages and career advancement. The promising results from preliminary analyses of I-BEST have generated interest in replication of the I-BEST model. Nationally, over 2.5 million students take adult basic skills courses at community colleges, high schools, and community organizations; only a fraction of these go on to pursue and earn college credentials. …
The Origins of Common Action Capacities in EU Foreign Policy Observations on the recruitment of Member States' diplomats and officials to the European External Action Service (EEAS)

The Treaty of Lisbon introduced the rise of common action capacities in EU’s external relations administration, notably the European External Action Service (EEAS). One essential capacity is staff resources. This paper analyses to what extent and under what conditions the recruitment practice of staff to the EEAS is independent of government influence. One hard probe of this is the recruitment of officials temporarily assigned from EU member-states. The data draws on interviews with officials from all 27 member-states as well as the EEAS charged with the selection of national public servants to the EEAS. Key findings suggest substantial independence of recruitment to the EEAS, and this independence is facilitated under two particular conditions: (i) the supply of administrative capacities at EU level strengthen the EEAS’ capacity to nurture an independent recruitment of its personnel, and (ii) the recruitment of EEAS personnel is fashioned by pre-existing organisational traditions, practices and formats.
Adolescent suicidal behaviours: a population-based study of risk

Background. Reports of adolescent suicidal behaviour have generally derived from clinical settings but population-based studies are likely to provide a clearer epidemiological view. Methods. Non-fatal suicidal behaviours were studied in 1699 Australian 15- to 16-year-old secondary school students at 44 schools in the state of Victoria, Australia. Self-reported episodes of self-harm were characterized using items from the Beck Suicide Intent Scale. Results. The 12 month weighted prevalence estimate for deliberate self-harm was 5·1%. The commonest forms were self-laceration (1·7%), self-poisoning (1·5%) and deliberate recklessness (1·8%). Self-poisoning and self-laceration were commoner in girls. The prevalence of ‘true suicide attempts’ was 0·2%. Most self-harmers did not perceive death as likely, plan self-harming episodes at length or inform others of the episodes. Psychiatric morbidity had the strongest association with self-harm, an association which held for all subtypes. Antisocial behaviour and substance abuse were associated with self-harm in girls but not boys. Sexual activity was independently associated with self-harm in both genders. Conclusions. Deliberate self-harm was common but the great majority of episodes were not ‘true suicide attempts’. It is, therefore, possible that attributable mortality and morbidity may be greater in self-harmers without definite suicidal intent.
Integrated analysis for acid rain in Asia: Policy implications and results of RAINS-Asia model

▪ Abstract Fossil fuels account for about 80% of energy consumption in Asia. Because of its abundance and easy recoverability, especially in India and China, coal will remain the fuel of choice in the foreseeable future. If current trends continue, sulfur dioxide emissions from Asia may soon equal the emissions from North America and Europe combined. These trends portend a variety of local, regional, and global environmental impacts. Acid rain damages human health, ecosystems, and built surfaces. Many ecosystems will be unable to absorb these increased acidic depositions, leading to irreversible ecosystem damage with far-reaching implications for health, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. RAINS-ASIA is a scenario-generating tool used to estimate the extent of damages caused by acid rain and to review the costs and impacts of alternatives to provide a look into the future. Its use extends from national-, regional-, and city-scale evaluation and inputs for cost-effective options analyses, to int.
Coordinated Frequency Control Using MT-HVDC Grids With Wind Power Plants

In the last years, wind power has continuously increased the participation in the power generation share. For transmitting the power generated from wind power plants (WPPs)to AC grids, multiterminal high-voltage direct current (HVDC)systems are envisaged as the future backbone of a European SuperGrid interconnecting wind power generation with various AC grids and countries. This paper presents a coordinated control scheme in order that offshore WPPs connected through multiterminal HVDC systems are able to contribute to the primary frequency control of the land AC grids. The proposed control scheme is capable of achieving a suitable frequency regulation even under low wind power conditions by allowing also the power share among AC areas. The control scheme is evaluated by dynamic simulations in an adapted version of the Cigr DC grid benchmark with a five-terminal HVDC grid including two wind farms and three AC networks.
From wage regulation to wage gap: how wage-setting institutions and structures shape the gender wage gap across three industries in 24 European countries and Germany

Whilst a common and persisting feature of advanced market economies, the gender wage gap nevertheless varies across countries. Amongst the factors affecting this wage gap, industrial relations and industry differences still require further research. Using data from EU-SILC in 25 European countries, this article analyses how national wage-setting institutions impact wage differences between male and female full-time employees in three distinct industries. Complementing the country comparison is an in-depth study of the German case using data from the German Linked Employer-Employee Database, shedding light on the interaction of industry-specific wage-setting regulations and gender equity in living wages. Findings from the international comparison suggest a substantial gender wage gap for full-time employees across industries with specific country patterns. Country patterns seem to be due to the overall influence of trade unions and the relationship between pay bargaining strategies and specific minimum wage policies. The German case adds to these findings by analysing the impact of sectoral models of wage bargaining for industry-specific gender wage gaps, focussing on living wages for skilled full-time employees.
Education and crime: evidence from Italian regions

This study examines the impact of education on criminal activity in Italy. A number of hypotheses are tested regarding the effects of education and past incidence of crime on criminal activity, using annual data for the 20 Italian regions over the period 1980 to 1995. Empirical results show that education is negatively correlated with delinquency and that crime rates display persistence over time. The results are robust to model specifications and endogeneity.
Vielsprachigkeit, Öffentlichkeit und Politische Integration: Schweizerische Erfahrungen und Europäische Perspektiven

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, unter welchen Bedingungen die Integration von Staaten mit unterschiedlichen Sprachen in eine suprastaatliche Organisation moglich ist. Diesbezuglich haben die Schweiz und die Europaische Union mit ahnlichen Problemen zu kampfen. Beide Gebilde mussten und mussen in einem konfliktreichen Prozess vielsprachige, einzelstaatlich organisierte Minderheiten in ein suprastaatliches Ganzes integrieren und dabei stabile Muster der Konfliktlosung aufbauen. Die Analyse des schweizerischen Staats- und Nationsbildungsprozesses ermoglicht neue Einblicke in den Europaischen Integrationsprozess. Dabei wird die Struktur der Offentlichkeit als zentrales Element fur den Erfolg oder das Scheitern “Europas” betrachtet.
Investment, managerial capacity, and bias in public health preparedness.

OBJECTIVE Nearly $7 billion has been invested through national cooperative funding since 2002 to strengthen state and local response capacity. Yet, very little outcome evidence exists to analyze funding effectiveness. The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between investment (funding) and capacity (readiness) for public health preparedness (PHP). The aim of the authors is to use a management framework to evaluate capacity, and to explore the "immediacy bias" impact on investment stability. DESIGN This study employs a longitudinal study design, incorporating survey research of the entire population of 68 health departments in the state of Texas. METHODS The authors assessed the investment-capacity relationship through several statistical methods. The authors created a structural measure of managerial capacity through principal components analysis, factorizing 10 independent variables and augment this with a perceived readiness level reported from PHP managers. The authors then employ analysis of variance, correlation analyses, and other descriptive statistics. RESULTS There has been a 539 percent coefficient of variation in funding at the local level between the years 2004 and 2008, and a 63 percent reduction in total resources since the peak of funding, using paired sample data. Results suggest that investment is positively associated with readiness and managerial capacity in local health departments. The authors also find that investment was related to greater community collaboration, higher adoption of Incident Command System (ICS) structure, and more frequent operational drills and exercises. CONCLUSIONS Greater investment is associated with higher levels of capacity and readiness. The authors conclude from this that investment should be stabilized and continued, and not be influenced by historical cognitive biases.
Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus 2 infection in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia associated with human papillomavirus.

BACKGROUND The role of viral and bacterial co-infection is stressed in VIN. A view that VIN is a sexually transmitted disease made the area of research larger and stimulated scientists to seek other sexually transmitted factors, among which Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex are frequently examined. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of HPV DNA and the frequency of co-infection with Herpes virus type 2 and Chlamydia trachomatis in VIN. MATERIAL AND METHODS We identified archival diagnostic phase tissue specimens from 41 cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III. From the same paraffin blocks containing material from the margins of surgical sections during vulvectomy, normal epithelial tissue fragments were collected. They constituted the control group. Lesion characteristics were examined in comparison with the presence of HPV DNA, HSV-2 and Chlamydia trachomatsis. Identification was performed using PCR. RESULTS In the study group HPV infection was found in 75.6% of cases. In 73% of cases it was HPV 16. In the control group we found HPV 16 DNA in only one case (2.43%). In the HPV positive study group HPV 16 was found in 30 (30/31) cases. In only one case (1/31) it was HPV 18 type. In the study group of 41 cases with VIN, HSV-2 infection was found in six cases (14.63%). In comparison with the control group (9.75%) the difference was not statistically significant. The frequency of occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the analyzed study material was 14.63% (6/41) and in the control group it was 9.75% (4/41). The difference was not statistically significant. Statistical analyses of correlations between the occurrence of DNA HPV and HSV-2 as well as of HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis showed no correlation in either case. CONCLUSION No correlation was found between the frequency of occurrence of HPV and HSV-2 and HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis in either group.