Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Life satisfaction and mental health problems (18 to 35 years)

Background Previous research has found that mental health is strongly associated with life satisfaction. In this study we examine associations between mental health problems and life satisfaction in a birth cohort studied from 18 to 35 years. Method Data were gathered during the Christchurch Health and Development Study, which is a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children, born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1977. Assessments of psychiatric disorder (major depression, anxiety disorder, suicidality, alcohol dependence and illicit substance dependence) using DSM diagnostic criteria and life satisfaction were obtained at 18, 21, 25, 30 and 35 years. Results Significant associations (p < 0.01) were found between repeated measures of life satisfaction and the psychiatric disorders major depression, anxiety disorder, suicidality, alcohol dependence and substance dependence. After adjustment for non-observed sources of confounding by fixed effects, statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) remained between life satisfaction and major depression, anxiety disorder, suicidality and substance dependence. Overall, those reporting three or more mental health disorders had mean life satisfaction scores that were nearly 0.60 standard deviations below those without mental health problems. A structural equation model examined the direction of causation between life satisfaction and mental health problems. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) reciprocal associations were found between life satisfaction and mental health problems. Conclusions After adjustment for confounding, robust and reciprocal associations were found between mental health problems and life satisfaction. Overall, this study showed evidence that life satisfaction influences mental disorder, and that mental disorder influences life satisfaction.
A Constraint-Based Approach to Preference Elicitation and Decision Making

We investigate the solution of constraint-based configuration problems in which the preference function over outcomes is unknown or incompletely specified. The aim is to configure a system, such as a personal computer, so that it will be optimal for a given user. The goal of this project is to develop algorithms that generate the most preferred feasible configuration by posing preference queries to the user. In order to minimize the number and the complexity of preference queries posed to the user, the algorithm reasons about the user’s preferences while taking into account constraints over the set of feasible configurations. We assume that the user can structure their preferences in a particular way that, while natural in many settings, can be exploited during the optimization process. We also address in a preliminary fashion the trade-offs between computational effort in the solution of a problem and the degree of interaction with the user.
Efficacy of PEGylated Interferon in Treatment-Experienced Chinese Patients With HBeAg Positive Chronic Hepatitis B

Background After treatment cessation, a high prevalence of relapse was reported in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in China, especially in nucleot(s)ide analogues (NUCs)-experienced patients. Re-treatment for these patients remains unsolved. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of PEGylated interferon in HBeAg positive patients with exposure to antiviral therapy. Patients and Methods A total of 55 treatment-experienced, HBeAg positive Chinese patients were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 33 were NUCs-experienced and 22 were interferon-experienced. PEGylated interferon was administered to 34 patients; and 21 patients were retreated with conventional interferon. Results Of the 34 treatment-experienced patients who received PEGylated interferon, 52.9% achieved virologic response, and 41.2% achieved HBeAg loss and seroconversion. Patients who were treated with PEGylated interferon for 48 weeks achieved higher virologic response (80%); HBeAg loss (60%); HBeAg seroconversion (60%); and HBsAg loss (5%) than patients treated for 24 weeks with PEGylated interferon. Their responses were also higher than those who were treated with conventional interferon. HBeAg seroconversion in treatment-experienced patients was independently associated with 48-week PEGylated interferon therapy duration. Conclusions PEGylated interferon was effective in treatment-experienced patients with HBeAg positive CHB, and showed higher rates of virological response, HBeAg loss, and seroconversion. The results provide important information regarding the role of re-treatment with PEGylated interferon in treatment-experienced HBeAg positive patients.
Stellar evolution of low and intermediate-mass stars IV. Hydrodynamically-based overshoot and nucleosynthesis in AGB stars

The focus of this study is on the treatment of those stellar regions immediately adjacent to convective zones. The results of hydrodynamical simulations by Freytag et al. (1996) show that the motion of convective elements extends well be- yondtheboundaryoftheconvectivelyunstableregion.Wehave applied their parametrized description of the corresponding ve- locities to the treatment of overshoot in stellar evolution calcu- lations up to the AGB (Pop.I, MZAMS =3 M). Our calculations show the 3 rd dredge-up already at the 7 th thermal pulse (TP), and the dredge-up parameter reaches =0 :6 during the next ve pulses. Accordingly, the amount of dredged up 12 Ci s up to 10 3 M. Our models develope a small so-called 13 C-pocket consisting of a few 10 7 M. Finally, this treatmentofboundariesofconvectiveregionsleadstointershell abundances of typically ( 4 He/ 12 C/ 16 O)=(23/50/25) (compared to (70/26/1) in the standard treatment).
Object Learning Through Active Exploration

This paper addresses the problem of active object learning by a humanoid child-like robot, using a developmental approach. We propose a cognitive architecture where the visual representation of the objects is built incrementally through active exploration. We present the design guidelines of the cognitive architecture, its main functionalities, and we outline the cognitive process of the robot by showing how it learns to recognize objects in a human-robot interaction scenario inspired by social parenting. The robot actively explores the objects through manipulation, driven by a combination of social guidance and intrinsic motivation. Besides the robotics and engineering achievements, our experiments replicate some observations about the coupling of vision and manipulation in infants, particularly how they focus on the most informative objects. We discuss the further benefits of our architecture, particularly how it can be improved and used to ground concepts.
Tight oracle bounds for low-rank matrix recovery from a minimal number of random measurements

This paper presents several novel theoretical results regarding the recovery of a low-rank matrix from just a few measurements consisting of linear combinations of the matrix entries. We show that properly constrained nuclear-norm minimization stably recovers a low-rank matrix from a constant number of noisy measurements per degree of freedom; this seems to be the first result of this nature. Further, the recovery error from noisy data is within a constant of three targets: 1) the minimax risk, 2) an oracle error that would be available if the column space of the matrix were known, and 3) a more adaptive oracle error which would be available with the knowledge of the column space corresponding to the part of the matrix that stands above the noise. Lastly, the error bounds regarding low-rank matrices are extended to provide an error bound when the matrix has full rank with decaying singular values. The analysis in this paper is based on the restricted isometry property (RIP) introduced in [6] for vectors, and in [22] for matrices.
BRANDTS AND CHARNESS Truth or Consequences 2 . Fair Process , Communication , and Models of Utility

This paper presents evidence that the willingness to punish an unfair action is sensitive to whether this action was preceded by a deceptive message. One player first sends a message indicating an intended play, which is either favorable or unfavorable to the other player in the game. After the message, the sender and the receiver play a simultaneous 2×2 game, in which the sender may or may not play according to his message. Outcome cells may, hence, be reached following true or false messages. In the third stage, the receiver may (at a cost) punish or reward, depending on which cell of the simultaneous game has been reached. We test whether receivers’ rates of monetary sacrifice depend on the process by which an outcome is reached. We study two decision-elicitation methods: the strategy and the direct response methods. For each method, deception more than doubles the punishment rate as a response to an action that is unfavorable to the receiver. We also find evidence that 17–25% of all participants choose to reward a favorable action choice made by the sender, even though doing so leaves one at a payoff disadvantage. Our results reflect on current economic models of utility and have implications for organizational decision-making behavior. (Laboratory Experiments; Reciprocity; Fair Process; Honorable Behavior; Deception; Punishment)
Detection of Planar Regions with Uncalibrated Stereo using Distributions of Feature Points

We propose a robust method for detecting local planar regions in a scene with an uncalibrated stereo. Our method is based on random sampling using distributions of feature point locations. For doing RANSAC, we use the distributions for each feature point defined by the distances between the point and the other points. We first choose a correspondence by using an uniform distribution and next choose candidate correspondences by using the distribution of the chosen point. Then, we compute a homography from the chosen correspondences and find the largest consensus set of the homography. We repeat this procedure until all regions are detected. We demonstrate that our method is robust to the outliers in a scene by simulations and real image examples.
Numerical investigation and comparison with experimental characterisation of side gate p-type junctionless silicon transistor in pinch-off state

A side gate p-type junctionless silicon transistor is fabricated by atomic force microscopy nanolithography using a anisotropic potassium hydroxide wet etching process on low doped (105 cm−3) silicon-on-insulator wafer. The structure is a gated resistor and turns off based on a pinch-off effect principle, when essential positive gate voltage is applied and made a sufficiently large barrier in the gating region. Negative gate voltage is unable to make a significant impact on drain current to drive the device into accumulation mode. The experimental transfer characteristic is investigated and compared with the simulation result for positive gate voltage. ‘On/off’ ratio and subthreshold swing were also measured. The numerical study of the device in ‘off’ state is investigated based on the variation of majority and minority carriers’ density and recombination generation in the active region of the device, which offers more understanding of the device operation and also for previous works.
Polarization-Dependent Gain in SOA-Based Optical Multistage Interconnection Networks

The small polarization dependence (< 1 dB) of optical components becomes significant in optical multistage interconnection networks. The cumulative effect can ultimately limit physical layer scalability by changing the maximum number of internal nodes that optical packets can traverse error free. It is shown that for nodes based on commercial semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) switches with polarization-dependent gains of less than 0.35 dB, the maximum number of cascaded nodes changes by as much as 20 nodes, depending on both the packet wavelength and its state of polarization. This deviation in the number of nodes could correspond to a 100-fold decrease in the number of interconnected ports of an optical interconnection network such as the data vortex. This dramatic effect is explained in terms of optical signal-to-noise ratio degradation due to accumulated amplified spontaneous emission noise originating from the SOA device in the node
Early response to antidepressant treatment in bulimia nervosa

Background Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a serious psychiatric disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior. Numerous trials have found that antidepressant medications are efficacious for the treatment of BN. Early response to antidepressant treatment, in the first few weeks after medication is initiated, may provide clinically useful information about an individual's likelihood of ultimately benefitting or not responding to such treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between initial and later response to fluoxetine, the only antidepressant medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of BN, with the goal of developing guidelines to aid clinicians in deciding when to alter the course of treatment. Method Data from the two largest medication trials conducted in BN (n=785) were used. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess whether symptom change during the first several weeks of treatment was associated with eventual non-response to fluoxetine at the end of the trial. Results Eventual non-responders to fluoxetine could be reliably identified by the third week of treatment. Conclusions Patients with BN who fail to report a ⩾60% decrease in the frequency of binge eating or vomiting at week 3 are unlikely to respond to fluoxetine. As no reliable relationships between pretreatment characteristics and eventual response to pharmacotherapy have been identified for BN, early response is one of the only available indicators to guide clinical management.
CCL17 and CCL22 chemokines within tumor microenvironment are related to accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in gastric cancer

It has been reported that an increased population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is one of the reasons for impaired anti‐tumor immunity. Recently, Foxp3 has been reported as a reliable marker of Tregs. The authors investigated the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs within CD4+ cells in TILs, regional lymph nodes and PBLs of gastric cancer patients (n = 45). Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanisms behind Treg accumulation within tumors, they evaluated the relationship between CCL17 or CCL22 expression and the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs in gastric cancer. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs as a percentage of CD4+ cells were counted by flow cytometry and evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, an in vitro migration assay using Tregs derived from gastric cancers was performed in the presence of CCL17 or CCL22. As a result, the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs in TILs was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa (12.4% ± 7.5% vs. 4.1% ± 5.3%, p < 0.01). Importantly, the increase in Tregs in TILs occurred to the same extent in early and advanced disease. Furthermore, the frequency of CCL17+ or CCL22+ cells among CD14+ cells within tumors was significantly higher than that of normal gastric mucosa, and there was a significant correlation between the frequency of CCL17+ or CCL22+ cells and Foxp3+ Tregs in TILs. In addition, the in vitro migration assay indicated that Tregs were significantly induced to migrate by CCL17 or CCL22. In conclusion, CCL17 and CCL22 within the tumor are related to the increased population of Foxp3+ Tregs, with such an observation occurring in early gastric cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analyzing and Predicting GIF Interestingness

Animated GIFs have regained huge popularity. They are used in instant messaging, online journalism, social media, among others. In this paper, we present an in-depth study on the interestingness of GIFs. We create and annotate a dataset with a set of affective labels, which allows us to investigate the sources of interest. We show that GIFs of pets are considered more interesting that GIFs of people. Furthermore, we study the connection of interest to other features and factors such as popularity. Finally, we build a predictive model and show that it can estimate GIF interestingness with high accuracy. Our model outperforms the existing methods on GIF popularity, as well as a model based on still image interestingness, by a large margin. We envision that the insights and method developed can be used for automatic recognition and generation of interesting GIFs.
DYRK1A Controls HIV-1 Replication at a Transcriptional Level in an NFAT Dependent Manner

Background Transcription of the HIV-1 provirus is regulated by both viral and host proteins and is very important in the context of viral latency. In latently infected cells, viral gene expression is inhibited as a result of the sequestration of host transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Results In our present study we analyzed the effect of host factor dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) on HIV-1 replication. We show that DYRK1A controls HIV-1 replication by regulating provirus transcription. Downregulation or inhibition of DYRK1A increased LTR-driven transcription and viral replication in cell lines and primary PBMC. Furthermore, inhibition of DYRK1A resulted in reactivation of latent HIV-1 provirus to a similar extent as two commonly used broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors. We observed that DYRK1A regulates HIV-1 transcription via the Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells (NFAT) by promoting its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Therefore, inhibition of DYRK1A results in increased nuclear levels of NFAT and increased NFAT binding to the viral LTR and thus increasing viral transcription. Conclusions Our data indicate that host factor DYRK1A plays a role in the regulation of viral transcription and latency. Therefore, DYRK1A might be an attractive candidate for therapeutic strategies targeting the viral reservoir.
Modelling multiple laser pulses for port wine stain treatment

Many port wine stains (PWS) are still resistant to pulsed dye laser treatment. However, anecdotal information suggests that multiple-pulse laser irradiation improves patient outcome. Our aims in this note are to explain the underlying mechanism and estimate the possible thermal effects of multiple pulses in vascular structures typical of PWS. Based on linear response theory, the linear combination of two thermal contributions is responsible for the total increase in temperature in laser irradiated blood vessels: direct light absorption by blood and direct bilateral thermal heat conduction from adjacent blood vessels. The latter contribution to the increase in temperature in the targeted vessel can be significant, particularly if some adjacent vessels are in close proximity, such as in cases of optical shielding of the targeted vessel, or if the vessels are relatively distant but many in number. We present evidence that multiple-pulse laser irradiation targets blood vessels that are optically shielded by other vessels. Therefore, it may be a means of enhancing PWS therapy for lesions that fail to respond to single-pulse dye laser treatment.
Isolation Lemma for Directed Reachability and NL vs. L

In this work we study the problem of efficiently isolating witnesses for the complexity classes NL and LogCFL, which are two well-studied complexity classes contained in P. We prove that if there is a L/poly randomized procedure with success probability at least 2/3 for isolating an s-t path in a given directed graph with a source sink pair (s, t) then NL is contained in L/poly. By isolating a path we mean outputting a new graph on the same set of nodes such that exactly one s-t path from the original graph survives. Such an isolating procedure will naturally imply a UL/poly algorithm for reachability, but we prove that in fact this implies an L/poly algorithm. We also prove a similar result for the class LogCFL.
A billion keys, but few locks: the crisis of web single sign-on

OpenID and InfoCard are two mainstream Web single sign-on (SSO) solutions intended for Internet-scale adoption. While they are technically sound, the business model of these solutions does not provide content-hosting and service providers (CSPs) with sufficient incentives to become relying parties (RPs). In addition, the pressure from users and identity providers (IdPs) is not strong enough to drive CSPs toward adopting Web SSO. As a result, there are currently over one billion OpenID-enabled user accounts provided by major CSPs, but only a few relying parties. In this paper, we discuss the problem of Web SSO adoption for RPs and argue that solutions in this space must offer RPs sufficient business incentives and trustworthy identity services in order to succeed. We suggest future Web SSO development should investigate and fulfill RPs' business needs, identify IdP business models, and build trust frameworks. Moreover, we propose that Web SSO technology should build identity support into browsers in order to facilitate RPs' adoption.
Propionate precursors and other metabolic intermediates as possible alternative electron acceptors to methanogenesis in ruminal fermentation in vitro

Fifteen potential precursors of propionate were tested for their ability to decrease CH4 production by ruminal fluid in vitro. Sodium acrylate and sodium fumarate produced the most consistent effects in batch cultures, with 50 % of the added precursors being fermented to propionate and CH4 production decreasing by between 8 and 17 %, respectively. Additives were more effective when added as free acids, but this also decreased the pH and may have inhibited fibre digestion. Changing the dietary substrate from predominantly grass hay to predominantly concentrate had no influence on the effectiveness of acrylate and fumarate. In an in vitro fermentor (the rumen simulating technique, Rusitec) with a grass hay—concentrate (50:50, w/w) diet as substrate, both compounds were again fermented to propionate (33 and 44 % conversion to propionate, respectively). However, fumarate appeared more effective as a H2 sink compound. It was calculated to capture 44 % of the H2 previously used for CH4 formation compared with a 22 % capture of H2 with acrylate. Fumarate also caused a stimulation in fibre digestion. Thus, sodium fumarate was the preferred propionate precursor for use as a feed ingredient to decrease CH4 emissions from ruminants.
Chitosan/gelatin micro/nanofiber 3D composite scaffolds for regenerative medicine

The present study reports on the fabrication of new composite chitosan-based knitted three-dimensional textile scaffolds for regenerative medicine. A critical research objective remained the fabrication of pure chitosan microfiber yarn with defined size and directional alignment, which could lead to textile structure, for example, woven and/or knitted fabrics. The construction of such textile structure with pure chitosan fibers possessing adequate tensile strength was recently realized in our laboratory. In the combination of micro/nanofiber composites, one can benefit from both the strength provided by the woven/knitted structure of the microfiber and the cell-seeding ability of the spun nanofiber mesh. Therefore, chitosan knitted fabrics were functionalized with gelatin nanofibers producing new interfaces for cell seeding. Both, pure chitosan and chitosan/gelatin scaffolds were proved non-cytotoxic to fibroblasts. Moreover, in vitro test with osteoblasts culture was carried out in order to analyze the influence of the surfaces and interfaces of the functionalized textile scaffold on cell ingrowth and proliferation.