Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the effects of cholinergic and dopaminergic agents on scopolamine-induced hyperactivity in mice.

The effects of cholinesterase inhibitors, cholinergic agonists, dopaminergic agonists and dopaminergic antagonists on the hyperactivity produced by the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist scopolamine were evaluated in mice. Scopolamine (0.3-10 mg/kg) produced a dose-related increase in locomotor activity, with a peak effect at 3.0 mg/kg. The cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (0.03-0.175 mg/kg) was without effect on locomotor activity when administered alone, whereas the cholinesterase inhibitor tetrahydroaminoacridine hydrate (0.3-10 mg/kg) decreased locomotor activity. Both physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine hydrate attenuated the effects of scopolamine. Administered alone, the cholinergic agonists oxotremorine (0.01-0.3 mg/kg) and RS86 (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases in locomotor activity, whereas pilocarpine (0.3-10 mg/kg) had no effect on locomotor activity. None of these three muscarinic agonists significantly attenuated the hyperactivity produced by scopolamine. Administered alone, the dopaminergic agonists quinpirole (0.003-0.1 mg/kg), S-(-)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine (0.3-10 mg/kg) and SKF 38393 (8-64 mg/kg) had no significant effect on activity, whereas apomorphine (0.3-10 mg/kg) and d-amphetamine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) increased activity. Quinpirole, apomorphine and S-(-)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine produced dose-related reversals of the increases in locomotor activity produced by scopolamine. The hyperactivity effects of d-amphetamine were approximately additive with scopolamine, whereas SKF 38393 did not significantly affect scopolamine. The mixed D1/D2 dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol (0.003-3.0 mg/kg) and the selective D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.01-0.3 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases in locomotor activity when administered alone, and also produced dose-related reversals of the hyperactivity produced by scopolamine. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lestaurtinib, a multitargeted tyrosinse kinase inhibitor: from bench to bedside

Importance of the field: Internal tandem duplication of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene (FLT3-ITD) is a common recurring mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with normal karyotype, and the presence of FLT3-ITD confers a poor prognosis on this large subgroup of AML patients. Since the discovery of lestaurtinib as a potent FLT3 inhibitor, in 1985, there has been considerable interest in the development of this agent (CEP-701, Cephalon, Frazer, PA, USA) for treatment of this population. Areas covered in this review: An extensive literature search was conducted that included published articles and abstracts on the preclinical and clinical development of this agent spanning the last decade. What the reader will gain: The review describes the historical development of this agent and reviews the available preclinical and clinical data on lestaurtinib and expands on potential future directions in development of this agent. Take home message: Lestaurtinib is a multi targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has been shown to potently inhibit FLT3 at nanomolar concentrations in preclinical studies, leading to its rapid development as a potential targeted agent for treatment of AML. Phase I studies have shown lestaturtinib to be an active agent particularly when used in combination with cytotoxic drugs. Currently, Phase II and Phase III studies are underway aiming to establish the future of this agent as a treatment option for patients with FLT3-ITD AML.
Infrared light emission from semiconductor devices

We present results using near-infrared (NIR) cameras to study emission of common defect classes for integrated circuits. The cameras are based on a liquid nitrogen cooled HgCdTe imaging array with high quantum efficiency and very low read noise. The array was developed for infrared astronomy and has high quantum efficiency in the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.5 {mu}m. For comparison, the same set of samples used to characterize the performance of the NIR camera were studied using a non-intensified, liquid-nitrogen-cooled, slow scan CCD camera (with a spectral range 400-1100 nm). Results show that the NIR camera images all of the defect classes studied here with much shorter integration times than the cooled CCD, suggesting that photon emission beyond 1 {mu}m is significantly stronger than at shorter wavelengths.
THE WAY TO DISCURSIVE COMPETENCE

Eternal problem of language and reality correlation is nowadays solved by involving individual cognitive system(/personality) into discursive processes. Discourse viewed from linguistic angle is a text functioning in a communicative situation. The text analysis tends to deviate from its structural semantic trend to approach corporal functioning in both artificial and natural methods of text production. Denoting the text as dynamic interface of functional and pragmatic fields we attempt to specify it as a product of informational exchange undergoing coding decoding and copying. We put forward the assumption that presentation of a certain information is performed not by a separate semiotic unit, but by the whole system of codes as well. Our approach to the text originates from initial mentally chosen direction of idea to speech (textual) activity, provided that the will of communicators participates between these two marginal actions. We treat personality from the point of view of mind operation through realization of self consciousness as a part of cultural interface with modern world. Discursive competence, which is based on linguistic, situational and cultural awareness of communicants, is considered as the key question of informational exchange. The suggestion to train functions as one of the main priorities can be offered on the basis of Global Concretization approach, which presupposes activating various features of linguistic system with reference to interpretation of its user’s mental and emotional functions and the appropriate faculties of human intellect.
Modeling Correlated Alarms in Network Management Systems

We introduce a new model for describing the behavior of complex interconnection networks in the presence of faults. With our model, it is possible to obtain the detailed behavior of a faulty telecommunication network by specifying some parameters that describe its physical characteristics. We describe our model, we show how it can be applied to study some real network management structures, and we give some experimental data to evaluate its relation to existing standard analytical models.
A review of the fractal image coding literature

Fractal image compression is a technique based on the representation of an image by a contractive transform, on the space of images, for which the fixed point is close to the original image. This broad principle encompasses a very wide variety of coding schemes, many of which have been explored in the rapidly growing body of published research. While certain theoretical aspects of this representation are well established, relatively little attention has been given to the construction of a coherent underlying image model that would justify its use. Most purely fractal-based schemes are not competitive with the current state of the art, but hybrid schemes incorporating fractal compression and alternative techniques have achieved considerably greater success. This review represents a survey of the most significant advances, both practical and theoretical, since the publication of Jacquin's (1990) original fractal coding scheme.
Is Alaska's Boreal Forest Now Crossing a Major Ecological Threshold?

Abstract Many boreal forests grow in regions where climate is now warming rapidly. Changes in these vast, cold forests have the potential to affect global climate because they store huge amounts of carbon and because the relative abundances of their different tree species influence how much solar radiation reflects back to space. Both the carbon cycling and albedo of boreal forests are strongly affected by wildland fires, which in turn are closely controlled by summer climate. Here we use a forest disturbance model in both a retrospective and predictive manner to explore how the forests of Interior Alaska respond to changing climate. Results suggest that a widespread shift from coniferous to deciduous vegetation began around A.D. 1990 and will continue over the next several decades. This ecological regime shift is being driven by old, highly flammable spruce stands encountering a warmer climate conducive to larger and more frequent fires. Increased burning promotes the spread of early successional, deciduous species at the expense of spruce. These striking changes in the vegetation composition and fire regime are predicted to alter the biophysics of Alaska's forests. The ground will warm, and a surge of carbon emission is likely. Our modeling results support previous inferences that Alaska's boreal forest is now shifting to a new ecological state and that positive feedbacks to global warming will accompany this change.
Depiction of experimental findings for a cloud enterprise architecture

Research and commercial efforts are currently addressing challenges and providing solutions in cloud computing. Business models are emerging to address different use scenarios of cloud computing. In this paper, we present a virtual enterprise (VE) model of cloud computing to enable Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) to respond quickly to customers' demands and market opportunities, therefore Enabling Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises through Cloud utility Infrastructure: gaining agility and flexibility needed for business success. In our virtual enterprise model, temporary co-operations are created to realize the value of a short term business opportunity that the partner SMMEs cannot (or can, but only to a lesser extent) capture on their own. This model is based on the realization that it is not economically viable for SMMEs to acquire their own private cloud infrastructure or even subscribe to public cloud services as a single entity. The pricing model obtained from our proposed business model shows the benefits that are derived from using the VE cloud model over subscription to public cloud as a single business enterprise. The pricing structure of our YE cloud model is up to 17.82 times economical compared with equivalent Amazon EC2 instance type pricing model.
Long term risk of invasive cancer after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3: population based cohort study

Objective To study the long term risk of invasive cancer of the cervix or vagina after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Swedish cancer registry. Participants All women in Sweden with severe dysplasia or cervical carcinoma in situ (equivalent to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3) treated during 1958-2002 (n=132 493) contributing 2 315 724 woman years. Main outcome measures Standardised incidence ratios with risk of cancer in the Swedish general female population as reference, and relative risks in multivariable log-linear regression model, with internal references. Results Women with previous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 had an increased risk of invasive cervical cancer compared with the general female population (standardised incidence ratio 2.34, 95% confidence interval 2.18 to 2.50). The increased risk showed a decreasing trend with time since diagnosis for women treated later than 1970 but the risk was still increased after 25 years. An effect of age was found, with an accentuated increase in risk for women aged more than 50. The excess risk for cervical cancer associated with previous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 has steadily increased since 1958. For vaginal cancer the standardised incidence ratio was 6.82 (5.61 to 8.21) but this decreased to 2.65 after 25 years. Adjustments in the multivariable log-linear regression model did not substantially alter these results. Conclusions Women previously treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 are at an increased risk of developing invasive cervical cancer and vaginal cancer. This risk has increased since the 1960s and is accentuated in women aged more than 50. The risk is still increased 25 years after treatment.
Blood Pressure Control in Hispanics in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial

Historically, blood pressure control in Hispanics has been considerably less than that of non-Hispanic whites and blacks. We compared determinants of blood pressure control among Hispanic white, Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black participants (N=32 642) during follow-up in a randomized, practice-based, active-controlled trial. Hispanic blacks and whites represented 3% and 16% of the cohort, respectively; 33% were non-Hispanic black and 48% were non-Hispanic white. Hispanics were less likely to be controlled (<140/90 mm Hg) at enrollment, but within 6 to 12 months of follow-up, Hispanics had a greater proportion <140/90 mm Hg compared with non-Hispanics. At 4 years of follow-up, blood pressure was controlled in 72% of Hispanic whites, 69% of Hispanic blacks, 67% of non-Hispanic whites, and 59% of non-Hispanic blacks. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic whites had a 20% greater odds of achieving BP control by 2 years of follow-up (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.31) after controlling for demographic variables and comorbidities, Hispanic blacks had a similar odds of achieving BP control (odds ratio: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.25), and non-Hispanic blacks had a 27% lower odds (odds ratio: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.78). We conclude that in all patients high levels of blood pressure control can be achieved with commonly available medications and that Hispanic ethnicity is not associated with inferior control in the setting of a clinical trial in which hypertensive patients had equal access to medical care, and medication was provided at no cost.
Geo-Phisher: the design and evaluation of information visualizations about internet phishing trends

We designed an information visualization about phishing trends and phishing prevention for the general public to examine the effects of interactivity on information finding, user perceptions and security behaviour intentions, and effectiveness of learning. In an user study (N = 30) with two experimental conditions (HI - high interactivity, and LO - low interactivity control condition), the results show that the HI interactivity condition supported more accurate information finding, resulted in greater perceived interactivity and perceived knowledge than the LO interactivity condition, but did not affect attitudes toward the visualization and security behaviour intentions for proactive awareness. Furthermore, the HI interactivity condition led to greater learning effects and a deeper understanding towards phishing prevention than the control condition.
Differences in Expression of Key DNA Damage Repair Genes after Epigenetic-Induced BRCAness Dictate Synthetic Lethality with PARP1 Inhibition

The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype represents a cancer that is highly aggressive with poor patient outcome. Current preclinical success has been gained through synthetic lethality, targeting genome instability with PARP inhibition in breast cancer cells that harbor silencing of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a class of drugs that mediate epigenetic changes in expression of HR pathway genes. Here, we compare the activity of the pan-HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), the class I/IIa HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), and the HDAC1/2–specific inhibitor romidepsin (ROMI) for their capability to regulate DNA damage repair gene expression and in sensitizing TNBC to PARPi. We found that two of the HDACis tested, SAHA and ROMI, but not VPA, indeed inhibit HR repair and that RAD51, BARD1, and FANCD2 represent key proteins whose inhibition is required for HDACi-mediated therapy with PARP inhibition in TNBC. We also observed that restoration of BRCA1 function stabilizes the genome compared with mutant BRCA1 that results in enhanced polyploid population after combination treatment with HDACi and PARPi. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of the key HR protein RAD51 represents a mechanism for this resistance, promoting aberrant repair and the enhanced polyploidy observed. These findings highlight the key components of HR in guiding synthetic lethality with PARP inhibition and support the rationale for utilizing the novel combination of HDACi and PARPi against TNBC in the clinical setting. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(10); 2321–31. ©2015 AACR.
Crystallographic orbifolds: towards a classification of unitary conformal field theories with central charge c = 2

We study the moduli space 2 of unitary two-dimensional conformal field theories with central charge c = 2. We construct all the 28 nonexceptional nonisolated irreducible components of 2 that may be obtained by an orbifold procedure from toroidal theories. The parameter spaces and partition functions are calculated explicitly, and all multicritical points and lines are determined. We show that all but four of the 28 irreducible components of 2 corresponding to nonexceptional orbifolds are directly or indirectly connected to the moduli space of toroidal theories in 2. We relate our results to those by Dixon, Ginsparg, Harvey on the classification of c = 3/2 superconformal field theories and thereby give geometric interpretations to all nonisolated orbifolds discussed there.
Effect of Mineral Matter on the Reactivity of the Char from Agricultural Waste

Agricultural waste disposal is becoming a problem due to its increasing production and potential pollution. As a kind of biomass, agricultural waste can be used as a sustainable and renewable source of energy. Agricultural waste disposal is of great economic and environmental importance. In the paper, the effect of the mineral matters in agriculture waste on the reactivity of its char was investigated. The oxidation behavior of the resultant char depends strongly on the agriculture waste type. The oxidation behavior of AW 1 and AW 2 char differs greatly from each other because of the difference in their mineral matters. The pretreatment with dilute acid solution in the sequence of HCl and HF acid can remove nearly all the inorganic constituents from the agriculture waste. The mineral removal results in a decrease in the reactivity of the resultant char.
Mobile Anzeigegeräte in der Prozessleittechnik

Zum Betrieb und zur Wartung prozesstechnischer Anlagen wird Information zur Struktur, zu Wirkungszusammenhängen oder einzelnen Prozesselementen benötigt, wobei in der täglichen Anwendung diese aus Papierdokumenten abgerufen werden. Die zugrunde liegenden Daten werden heute üblicherweise in allen Lebensphasen der Anlagen mit Hilfe von CAx-Systemen verwaltet und gepflegt. Durch Fortschritte in der Informationsund Kommunikationstechnologie ist eine Bereitstellung dieser Daten auf mobilen Anzeigegeräten denkbar. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer Analyse verschiedener mobiler Displays für die Anzeige von Informationen im Umfeld der Prozessindustrie vor und diskutiert ausgewählte Einsatzszenarien, anhand derer Anforderungen für die Realisierungen der Szenarien abgewogen werden.
Auditory Preemption versus Multiple Resources: Who Wins in Interruption Management?

We examined the effects of modality (auditory versus visual) and spatial separation when a simulated vehicle control (tracking) task (the ongoing task: OT) was time shared with a digit entry task (the interrupting task: IT), contrasting the predictions of auditory preemption theory with that of multiple resource theory. Participants performed the tracking task with auditory display of the phone numbers, or with visual display at eccentricities ranging from 0 deg (overlay) to 45 deg. Auditory input improved IT performance relative to visual, but disrupted OT performance, thereby supporting the role of auditory preemption. This cost did not grow with longer messages. In contrast, at eccentricities above 15 deg, auditory superiority emerged for both tasks, highlighting the role of multiple resources, and separation produced greater costs to the OT than to the IT. Therefore, both discrete tasks, and auditory delivery have inherent preemptive effects on the continuous visual OT. The results are also interpreted in the context of the non-linear costs to dual task performance with increasing separation from the eye-field to the headfield, and the support for different visual hemi-fields for concurrent processing of verbal and ambient spatial information.
Real-Time Intrusion Detection and Tracking in Indoor Environment through Distributed RSSI Processing

In the context of wireless sensor networks, the received signal strength indicator has been traditionally exploited for localization, distance estimation, and link quality assessment. Recent research has shown that, in indoor environments where nodes have been deployed, variations of the signal strength can be exploited to detect movements of persons. Moreover, the time histories of the received signal strength indicator of multiple links allow reconstructing the paths followed by the persons inside the monitored area. This approach, though effective, requires the transmission of multiple, raw received signal strength indicator time histories to a central sink node for off-line analysis. This consistently increases the latency and power consumption of the system. This work aims at applying distributed processing of the received signal strength indicator for indoor surveillance purposes. Through distributed processing, the nodes are able to autonomously detect and localize moving per-sons. The latency and power consumption of the system are minimized by transmitting to the sink node only the alerts related to significant events. Moreover, power consumption is further reduced through a high accuracy time synchronization protocol, which allows the nodes to keep the radio off for 60 % of the time. During the tests, the system was able to detect the intrusion of a person walking inside the monitored area and to correctly track his movements in real-time with a 0.22 m average error. Possible applications of this application include surveillance of critical areas in buildings, enhancement of workers safety in factories, support to emergency workers or police forces in locating people e.g. during fires, hostage situations or terrorist attacks.
HIV/AIDS and grief: Implications for Practice

HIV/AIDS touches all of humanity. Yet historically, churches and social workers have been relatively unsuccessful in meeting the needs of people living with HIV/ AIDS and individuals grieving AIDS-related deaths. In contrast, spirituality, social support, and finding meaning have been found to be successful aspects of healthy coping and healing. To increase efficacy social workers need to have specific knowledge and skills. Using an empathetic, client-centered approach in conjunction with narrative theory has been found to facilitate the successful infusion of spirituality, social support resources, and the client’s search for meaning into the therapeutic process. The purpose of this article is to explore the grief experience of people living with HIV/AIDS, individuals grieving the loss of a loved one to AIDS, the response of the church and social workers, and discuss implications for social work practice.