Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-domain sentiment classification using grams derived from syntax trees and an adapted naive Bayes approach

There is an increasing amount of user-generated information in online documents, including user opinions on various topics and products such as movies, DVDs, kitchen appliances, etc. To make use of such opinions, it is useful to identify the polarity of the opinion, in other words, to perform sentiment classification. The goal of sentiment classification is to classify a given text/document as either positive, negative or neutral based on the words present in the document. Supervised learning approaches have been successfully used for sentiment classification in domains that are rich in labeled data. Some of these approaches make use of features such as unigrams, bigrams, sentiment words, adjective words, syntax trees (or variations of trees obtained using pruning strategies), etc. However, for some domains the amount of labeled data can be relatively small and we cannot train an accurate classifier using the supervised learning approach. Therefore, it is useful to study domain adaptation techniques that can transfer knowledge from a source domain that has labeled data to a target domain that has little or no labeled data, but a large amount of unlabeled data. We address this problem in the context of product reviews, specifically reviews of movies, DVDs and kitchen appliances. Our approach uses an Adapted Näıve Bayes classifier (ANB) on top of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm to predict the sentiment of a sentence. We use grams derived from complete syntax trees or from syntax subtrees as features, when training the ANB classifier. More precisely, we extract grams from syntax trees corresponding to sentences in either the source or target domains. To be able to transfer knowledge from source to target, we identify generalized features (grams) using the frequently co-occurring entropy (FCE) method, and represent the source instances using these generalized features. The target instances are represented with all grams occurring in the target, or with a reduced grams set obtained by removing infrequent grams. We experiment with different types of grams in a supervised framework in order to identify the most predictive types of gram, and further use those grams in the domain adaptation framework. Experimental results on several cross-domains task show that domain adaptation approaches that combine source and target data (small amount of labeled and some unlabeled data) can help learn classifiers for the target that are better than those learned from the labeled target data alone.
A toolkit for publishing Web discussion documents: design principles and case studies

We are looking at how new forms of document interface can be used to support new forms of scholarly discourse, and ultimately, new models of scholarly publishing. The vehicle we use to conduct this research is the Digital Document Discourse Environment (D3E). D3E is an experimental system supporting the publication of Web based documents with integrated discourse facilities and embedded interactive components. We report on three applications-an e-journal, a hybrid Web/face-to-face conference, and a national policy document-where we have used D3E to promote critical discourse between participants. These cases illustrate four principles guiding our design actions. We conclude by reflecting on interacting factors which motivate participation in the different sites.
PSFC / JA-97-23 ELMs and Fast Edge Fluctuations in Alcator C-Mod

Just above the H-mode threshold power at low density, small amplitude high repetition rate (1 5 kHz) Type III Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) are observed. At higher input power, the H-modes become ELM-free. At high density and high input power (Ie > 2.2 x 1020 m3, P," > 2 MW), the plasma often enters a new H-mode regime now called the Enhanced D, H-mode, which is a steady-state Hmode often without distinct ELMs but with high levels of D, emission. Enhanced Da H-modes are accompanied by persistent high frequency broadband (50 400 kHz) density and magnetic fluctuations. Above about i > 3 x 1020 m3, the Enhanced D, H-modes may also exhibit bursting or continuous low m, n coherent magnetic fluctuations with frequencies from 60 90 kHz. In H-mode, steep edge gradients are observed with a nine channel ECE polychromator and a 38 channel high resolution edge soft x ray array. The soft x ray pedestal width remains around 3 to 4 mm in ELM-free H-mode and between Type III ELMs. The pedestal collapses within 100 psec during an ELM. Calculations indicate that the plasma in H-mode is often near ideal ballooning first stability limits, but no Type I ELMs have yet been identified. Edge micro-tearing modes destabilized by a steep temperature gradient are also considered as a possible explanation of the observed fluctuations during Enhanced D, H-mode. Submitted to Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
Forest Dynamics and Their Phenological Response to Climate Warming in the Khingan Mountains, Northeastern China

The Khingan Mountain region, the most important and typical natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in China, is the largest and northernmost forest area and the one more sensitive to climate change. Taking this region as the study area, we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) and its phenology changes in relation to climate change and elevation. Based on MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series over the period of 2001 to 2009, the start-of-season (SOS), length-of-season (LOS) and another two vegetation variables (seasonal amplitude (SA) and integrated EVI (SI)) were derived. Over the past decade, the DBF in Khingan Mountains has generally degraded and over 65% of DBF has experienced negative SA and SI trends. Earlier trends in SOS and longer trends in LOS for DBF were observed, and these trends were mainly caused by climate warming. In addition, results from our analysis also indicated that the effects of temperature on DBF phenology were elevation dependent. The magnitude of advancement in SOS and extension in LOS with temperature increase significantly increased along a raising elevation gradient.
Drawing dynamic trees

A tree-drawing algorithm that addresses the weaknesses of current approaches to constructing graphical user interfaces is presented. Present algorithms either do not let you draw tree nodes of varying shapes and sizes or they draw such trees in a way that does not produce trees as compact as they could be, which is especially important when diagramming a large system. Also, they cannot reuse layout information when the trees changes, so after every change the layout must be recomputed and the tree redrawn. The main difference between these traditional approaches and the author's approach is that his algorithm is more geometric. Unlike other algorithms, it uses an explicit representation of node and subtree contours, and it stores every contour as a polygon. It has three advantages over traditional algorithms. It allows one to draw trees with nodes of any polygonal shape compactly. The data structure supports insert and delete operations on subtrees. It is simple to implement, yet flexible. <<ETX>>
Alcohol Dependence Associated with Increased Utilitarian Moral Judgment: A Case Control Study

Recent studies indicate that emotional processes, mediated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC), are of great importance for moral judgment. Neurological patients with VMPC dysfunction have been shown to generate increased utilitarian moral judgments, i.e. are more likely to endorse emotionally aversive actions in order to maximize aggregate welfare, when faced with emotionally salient personal moral dilemmas. Patients with alcohol dependence (AD) also exhibit impairments in functions mediated by the prefrontal cortex, but whether they exhibit increased utilitarian moral reasoning has not previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate moral judgment in AD patients (n = 20) compared to healthy controls (n = 20) matched by sex, age and education years. Each subject responded to a battery of 50 hypothetical dilemmas categorized as non-moral, moral impersonal and moral personal. They also responded to a questionnaire evaluating explicit knowledge of social and moral norms. Results confirmed our hypothesis that AD patients generated increased utilitarian moral judgment compared to controls when faced with moral personal dilemmas. Crucially, there was no difference in their responses to non-moral or impersonal moral dilemmas, nor knowledge of explicit social and moral norms. One possible explanation is that damage to the VMPC, caused by long term repeated exposure to alcohol results in emotional dysfunction, predisposing to utilitarian moral judgment. This work elucidates a novel aspect of the neuropsychological profile of AD patients, namely a tendency to generate utilitarian moral judgment when faced with emotionally salient moral personal dilemmas.
Medium frequency transformer in resonant switching dc/dc-converters for railway applications

A converter system based on medium frequency dc/dc-converters can replace the conventional traction transformer saving both mass and energy. A medium-frequency-transformer design-procedure is introduced that allows a clear representation of transformers total mass and efficiency under consideration of thermal aspects. Measurements with a prototyped mf-transformer verify the calculated results.
NUFIP and the HSP90/R2TP chaperone bind the SMN complex and facilitate assembly of U4-specific proteins

The Sm proteins are loaded on snRNAs by the SMN complex, but how snRNP-specific proteins are assembled remains poorly characterized. U4 snRNP and box C/D snoRNPs have structural similarities. They both contain the 15.5K and proteins with NOP domains (PRP31 for U4, NOP56/58 for snoRNPs). Biogenesis of box C/D snoRNPs involves NUFIP and the HSP90/R2TP chaperone system and here, we explore the function of this machinery in U4 RNP assembly. We show that yeast Prp31 interacts with several components of the NUFIP/R2TP machinery, and that these interactions are separable from each other. In human cells, PRP31 mutants that fail to stably associate with U4 snRNA still interact with components of the NUFIP/R2TP system, indicating that these interactions precede binding of PRP31 to U4 snRNA. Knock-down of NUFIP leads to mislocalization of PRP31 and decreased association with U4. Moreover, NUFIP is associated with the SMN complex through direct interactions with Gemin3 and Gemin6. Altogether, our data suggest a model in which the NUFIP/R2TP system is connected with the SMN complex and facilitates assembly of U4 snRNP-specific proteins.
Let’s Talk about the Association between Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Scores and Cognition in Patients and the General Population: A Review

In the late 19th century, Emil Kraepelin divided endogenous psychosis into manic-depressive psychosis and dementia praecox. The latter term described individuals with schizophrenia and highlights cognitive deficits as a core feature of this illness. Since first degree relatives show lower cognitive performance than healthy controls, but better performance than patients, cognitive functions are discussed as potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia. During the last years, several studies have explored the relationship between schizophrenia polygenic risk scores and cognition both in individuals with psychiatric diseases and the general population. Current research shows mixed results for specific cognitive domains as well as general cognitive abilities and intelligence. These ambiguous results in parts might be due to the heterogeneity of neuropsychological tests used to measure various cognitive domains. Most studies are also underpowered, given the small to moderate effects of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores on cognition. As sufficient sample sizes become more and more available by international consortia and national registries, future studies will probably shed light on the biological relationship between schizophrenia and cognition.
Ultrathin-Body High-Mobility InAsSb-on-Insulator Field-Effect Transistors

Ultrathin-body InAsSb-on-insulator n-type field-effect transistors (FETs) with ultrahigh electron mobilities are reported. The devices are obtained by the layer transfer of ultrathin InAs<sub>0.7</sub>Sb<sub>0.3</sub> layers (thickness of 7-17 nm) onto Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates. InAsSb-on-insulator FETs exhibit an effective mobility of ~ 3400 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s for a body thickness of 7 nm, which represents ~ 2× enhancement over InAs devices of similar thickness. The top-gated FETs deliver an intrinsic transconductance of ~ 0.56 mS/μm (gate length of ~ 500 nm) at <i>V</i><sub>DS</sub> = 0.5 V with <i>I</i><sub>ON</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>OFF</sub> of 10<sup>2</sup>-10<sup>3</sup>. These results demonstrate the utility of the transfer process for obtaining high-mobility n-FETs on Si substrates by using mixed anion arsenide-antimonide as the active channel material.
A dynamic priority scheduling algorithm on service request scheduling in cloud computing

With the popularity of cloud computing, more and more business are operated in the cloud computing. In this paper, we address the problem of service request scheduling in cloud computing systems. We consider the three-tier cloud structure, which consists of resource providers, service providers and consumers. The service request scheduling strategies in this scenario should satisfy the objectives of the service providers and consumers. We propose a new strategy dynamic priority scheduling algorithm (DPSA) to solve this problem. The algorithm is more efficient and optimal than the FCFS and SPSA.
Domain-speciic Software Architecture Engineering Process Guidelines Adage-ibm-92-02b Version 2.1

\In order to reuse software, there needs to be software to reuse12]. " One of the dilemmas that has prevented software developers from reusing software is the lack of software artifacts to use or the existence of artifacts that are diicult to integrate. Domain-Speciic Software Architectures (DSSAs) have been proposed 7] in order to address these issues. A DSSA not only provides a framework for reusable software components to t into, but captures the design rationale and provides for a degree of adaptability. This document presents process guidelines for deening a Domain-Speciic Software Architecture 1. Furthermore, the process is formally speciied in the Teamware Process Programming Language. Note to Reader: The following changes have been made to this version of the document: 1. The terminology \Entity/Concept" has been changed to \Element" for reasons of clarity. While there are cultural issues surrounding the use of the terms \entity", \concept", and \feature" or \requirement", the (hopefully) neutral term \element" will serve the same purpose. The material still missing from this document includes: 1. examples of actual outputs for each stage, 2. more details regarding the tools begin used and being developed on the ADAGE project that support this process, and 3. some lessons learned from applying the process.
Corneal Thickness Profile and Associations in Chinese Children Aged 7 to 15 Years Old

Corneal thickness (CT) maps of the central (2-mm diameter), para-central (2 to 5-mm diameter), peripheral (5 to 6-mm diameter), and minimum (5-mm diameter) cornea were measured in normal Chinese school children aged 7 to 15 years old using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the effect of associated factors [age, gender, refraction, axial length and corneal curvature radius (CCR)] on CT and the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP). A total of 1228 eyes from 614 children were analyzed. The average CCT was 532.96 ± 28.33 μm for right eyes and 532.70 ±28.45 μm for left eyes. With a 10 μm increase in CCT, the IOP was elevated by 0.37 mm Hg, as measured by noncontact tonometry. The CT increased gradually from the center to the periphery. The superior and superior nasal regions had the thickest CTs, while the thinnest points were primarily located in the inferior temporal cornea. The CCT was associated with CCR (p = 0.008) but not with gender (p = 0.075), age (p = 0.286), axial length (p = 0.405), or refraction (p = 0.985). In the para-central region and the peripheral cornea, increased CT was associated with younger age, male gender, and a flatter cornea.
Current issues in spinal anesthesia

ConclusionSpinal anesthesia is an old, simple, and popular anesthetic technique, yet much remains unknown regarding pertinent anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology. Investigations into physiologic effects of spinal anesthesia reveal complex actions on multiple organ systems. New local anesthetics, analgesic additives, and techniques are being investigated for different applications as the practice of medicine focuses on outpatient care. Safety of spinal agents and complications from spinal anesthesia continue to be examined and re-examined to improve safety. Further study will be needed to fully resolve these issues and to further understand and improve the clinical use of spinal anesthesia.
Frequency of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Species Identification in Suspected Individuals from Golestan Province, Northern Iran in 2014

Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In recent years, incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis has increasing trend in Golestan Province, North of Iran. The aim of the present study was to identify the frequency of cutaneous leishmaniasis using PCR-RFLP in patients referred to Kalaleh Health Center, during 2013–14. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 individuals with suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis that referred to health center of Kalaleh County, Golestan Province, Northern Iran, from Sep 2013 to Nov 2014. Samples of cutaneous lesions were examined microscopically. DNA was extracted from all of the positive smears and PCR was done on ITS-1 gene. RFLP was performed using HaeIII enzyme for species identification. Results: Totally, 38 out of the 70 (54.3%) suspected individuals including 22 males (57.9%) were found positive by microscopic examination. All of microscopically positive samples were confirmed to be positive for Leishmania DNA (approximately 340 bp bands were detected). RFLP revealed 140 bp and 200 bp bands (approximate size), indicative of L. major. Conclusion: The detected species of studied region was L. major. Cutaneous leishmaniasis has high prevalence in Kalaleh County, thus more studies on leishmaniasis in the animal reservoirs, comparison of homology of animal and human isolates and a survey regarding natural infection of vectors in this region is highly recommended.
Media streaming in P 2 P networks based on BitTorrent

BitTorrent in the recent years has been one of the most effective mechanisms for the P2P content distribution. Although BT was created for the distribution of time insensitive content, in this paper we try to find out what are the changes that are required in-order to incorporate streaming in it. The importance of this capability is that peer will now have ability to start enjoying video before the complete download of the file. We propose peer to peer multimedia streaming solution based on the Bittorrent content distribution protocol. Bittorrent uses rarest block download first policy [1] which is not favorable for media streaming. Our approach gives higher priority to the blocks that are at the earlier point playback point. This is in contrast with the Bittorrent protocol which uses rarest block download first. Achieving this goal requires: (1) a piece selection strategy that effectively mediates the conflict between the goals of high piece diversity, and the in order requirements of media file playback, and (2) a new incentive mechanism, which supports media streaming.
Non-Linear Behavioral Modeling for DC-DC Converters and Dynamic Analysis of Distributed Energy Systems

In modern distributed energy systems (DES), focus is shifting from the conventional centralized approach towards distributed architectures. However, modeling and analysis of these systems is more complex, as it involves the interface of multiple energy sources with many different type of loads through power electronics converters. The integration of power electronics converters allows distributed renewable energy sources to become part of modern electronics power distribution systems (EPDS). It will also facilitate the ongoing research towards DC-based DES which is mostly composed of commercial DC-DC converters whose internal structure and parameters are unknown. For the system level analysis, the behavioral modeling technique is the only choice. Since most power electronics converters are non-linear systems and linear models can’t model their dynamics to a desired level of accuracy, hence non-linear modeling is required for accurate modeling. The non-linear modeling approach presented here aims to develop behavioral models that can predict the response of the system over the entire operating range. In this work, either a lookup table or a polytopic structure-based modeling technique is used. The technique is further applied to cascade and parallel connected converters, being two DES scenarios. First the procedure is verified via application to switching models in a simulation and then validated for commercial converters via experiments. The results show that the developed behavioral models accurately predict both the transient and steady state response.
A multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled phase II study of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: To assess the efficacy of interferon beta (IFNβ) in combination with methotrexate in treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: 209 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, who had been on methotrexate for at least six months and at a stable dose for four weeks before study entry, were randomised in double blind fashion to receive placebo (0.05 ml or 0.5 ml), IFNβ 2.2 μg (0.05 ml), or IFNβ 44 μg (0.5 ml), given subcutaneously three times weekly for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was a change in radiological scores at week 24. The secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients who met the ACR 20% improvement criteria at the end of the study. Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained before and after treatment from a subset of patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of inflammatory cells and the results were measured by digital image analysis. Collagen crosslinks were measured in urine at different times throughout the study. Results: Analysis of radiological scores and clinical variable showed no changes in any of the groups, and there were no differences between the groups. On microscopic analysis of synovial tissue there was no significant change in the scores for infiltration by inflammatory cells after IFNβ treatment. Urinary levels of collagen crosslinks were unchanged between the treatment groups. Conclusions: At the doses tested, treatment with IFNβ three times weekly in combination with methotrexate did not have a clinical or radiological effect in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.