Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La búsqueda de moderación en el consumo de alcohol: Adaptación de los conocimientos a la práctica

SUMMARY Alcohol abuse in Mexico has an enormous impact on people’s health. This problem has led authorities to undertake actions to combat and reduce both consumption levels and their consequences. The interventions, focusing on handling problem drinkers —people who already show symptoms of dependence and consume more than one drug, including alcohol—, have proved their effectiveness in various scenarios. In the work setting, this problem is no exception and has also been a focus of concern and the implementation of actions to prevent excess alcohol consumption and provide care for persons beginning to display problems. However, implementing programs in the workplace has proved complicated. Other countries have found that many programs are not correctly evaluated or simply not evaluated, making it impossible to determine their effectiveness in solving the problems for which they were designed. Moreover, the personnel that implement them are not properly trained, programs are expensive to implement, and conflicts of interest tend to arise. In Mexico, low-cost, effective actions have been implemented for this population. However, the time available for undertaking preventive activities is limited, while the length of workers’ shifts means that they do not have enough time for these activities. One current challenge is the Translation of Research as a tool for the development of efficient, simpler, more practical, and safer interventions, without ignoring the discovery of new information regarding health and disease prevention, as well as creating more efficient treatments and improving existing ones. Within this perspective, researchers worked to produce a brief intervention to reduce harmful alcohol consumption among the working population. It is based on the principles of cognitive social theory put forward by Bandura, in which alcohol consumption is regarded as learned behavior, that causes problems and may be replaced by healthy behaviors, provided dependence has not developed. Another of the components included is motivational theory, according to which the effectiveness of a particular form of treatment is related to individuals’ motivation to continue it. The aim of this article is to describe the process of translation of research, derived from the implementation of cognitive social and motivational theories to adapt an intervention program designed in a comic book format that is easy to read and understand to teach workers with excess alcohol consumption to moderate their consumption. Method The work was carried out in two stages:
Some Philosophical and Historical Considerations Relevant to William Stern’s Contributions to Developmental Psychology

During the first third of the 20th century, William Stern (1871–1938) was a prominent contributor to the literature of developmental psychology. Many of his most important contributions, some of which were made in collaboration with his wife Clara Stern, were based on diary observations of the three Stern children; observations that the Sterns accumulated over 18 years. Even as these contributions were materializing, William Stern was formulating and articulating an overarching system of thought, a Weltanschauung or worldview, that he called “critical personalism. ” This brief article highlights certain aspects of that system of thought that were of particular relevance to Stern’s contributions to developmental psychology. The article also contrasts the pre-World War II reception of Stern’s ideas among developmental psychologists and differential psychologists, and, within developmental psychology, the reception of those ideas before as compared with after World War II.
IBM Research Report Designing a Non-Finite-State Weighted Transducer Toolkit

Toolkits for weighted (cid:2)nite-state machines (WFSM’s) have proven to be tremendously useful in a wide variety of speech and language applications. While WFSM’s can directly represent (cid:2)nite-state statistical models such as hidden Markov models, this is not the case for many models of interest. In this paper, we consider extending a WFSM toolkit to a non-(cid:2)nite-state formalism. We select a formalism that is both useful and ef(cid:2)cient to compute with, and analyze what (cid:2)nite-state operations can be extended to this automaton class. We describe a design for a toolkit for manipulating these automata, and give examples of how our toolkit can be used to quickly train and evaluate models for a variety of language tasks.
Better Glycemic Control and Weight Loss With the Novel Long-Acting Basal Insulin LY2605541 Compared With Insulin Glargine in Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To compare effects of LY2605541 versus insulin glargine on daily mean blood glucose as part of a basal-bolus regimen for type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this randomized, Phase 2, open-label, 2 × 2 crossover study, 137 patients received once-daily basal insulin (LY2605541 or glargine) plus mealtime insulin for 8 weeks, followed by crossover treatment for 8 weeks. Daily mean blood glucose was obtained from 8-point self-monitored blood glucose profiles. The noninferiority margin was 10.8 mg/dL. RESULTS LY2605541 met noninferiority and superiority criteria compared with insulin glargine in daily mean blood glucose (144.2 vs. 151.7 mg/dL, least squares mean difference = −9.9 mg/dL [90% CI −14.6 to −5.2], P < 0.001). Fasting blood glucose variability and A1C were reduced with LY2605541 compared with insulin glargine (both P < 0.001). Mealtime insulin dose decreased with LY2605541 and increased with insulin glargine. Mean weight decreased 1.2 kg with LY2605541 and increased 0.7 kg with insulin glargine (P < 0.001). The total hypoglycemia rate was higher for LY2605541 (P = 0.04) and the nocturnal hypoglycemia rate was lower (P = 0.01), compared with insulin glargine. Adverse events (including severe hypoglycemia) were similar, although more gastrointestinal-related events occurred with LY2605541 (15% vs. 4%, P < 0.001). Mean changes (all within normal range) were higher for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and lower for HDL-cholesterol with LY2605541 compared with insulin glargine (all P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In type 1 diabetes, compared with insulin glargine, LY2605541, a novel, long-acting basal insulin, demonstrated greater improvements in glycemic control, increased total hypoglycemia, and reduced nocturnal hypoglycemia, as well as reduced weight and lowered mealtime insulin doses.
Classical and quantum polar coding for Bosonic Gaussian channels

We construct explicit codes for transmitting classical or quantum information over the thermal-noise Bosonic Gaussian channel. For classical information transmission, our codes achieve the classical capacity, recently characterized by Giovannetti et al. [Nature Photonics 8, 796 (2014)], while in the quantum case they transmit at a rate given by the Gaussian coherent information. The construction is based on concatenating polar codes with a suitable discretization of the channel input into a finite "constellation" of coherent states. The codes have efficient encoders, but the complexity of decoding is unknown. Our results are based on a quantum version of Wu and Verd\'u's technique of determining the achievable rates of finite constellations for the classical Gaussian-noise channel [Allerton 2010, pp. 620].
The cardiovascular risk factors of the Roma (Gypsies) people in Central-Eastern Europe: a review of the published literature

Background: Estimated number of the Roma people in central-eastern Europe cannot be precisely appreciated, but official data suggest that in the 2004 they were approximately 4.2 million. At this time, there are few available data about the health status of the Roma people, mostly assessing genetic and infectious diseases, which reflect poverty, overcrowding, and lack of education. There is even less data regarding non–communicable and chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We searched the published literature on the cardiovascular risk factors in Roma people using PubMed from January 2000 to July 2011. The searching criteria were: (1) randomized, prospective observational, retrospective and meta-analysis; (2) adult patients with cardiac diseases or cardiovascular risk factors (3) data available for cardiovascular patients. Search terms included dyslipidemia, obesity, tobacco, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Results: Twenty-five studies were identified. Approximately 75% of them were related to just four countries: Slovakia, Croatia, Czech Republic, and Serbia. This paper is a review based on existing literature concerning classical risk factors in Roma people with emphasis on their ethnical features. Despite limited data, the results showed that this ethnicity has the incriminated risk factors more frequently than the majority and consequently a higher cardiovascular morbidity rate. Conclusions: Quantification of the cardiovascular risk factor and their implication in the shortening of life expectancy in Roma population was a provocation due to a paucity of reliable data. At this time, we should pay more attention on the Roma health issues and the cultural concerns that might affect them in the context of borderless Europe.
The Search for Simplicity: A Fundamental Cognitive Principle?

It is proposed that the cognitive system imposes patterns on the world according to a simplicity principle: Choose the pattern that provides the briefest representation of the available information. The simplicity principle is normatively justified—patterns that support simple representations provide good explanations and predictions on the basis of which the agent can make decisions and actions. Moreover, the simplicity principle appears to be consistent with empirical data from many psychological domains, including perception, similarity, learning, memory, and reasoning. Thus, the simplicity principle promises to serve as the starting point for the rational analysis of a wide range of cognitive processes, in Anderson's (1990, 1991a) sense. The simplicity principle also provides a framework for integrating a wide range of existing psychological proposals.
Social Science and the Evidence-based Policy Movement

There is a growing interest in ‘evidence-based policy making’ in the UK. However, there remains some confusion about what evidence-based policy making actually means. This paper outlines some of the models used to understand how evidence is thought to shape or inform policy in order to explore the assumptions underlying ‘evidence-based policy making. ’ By way of example, it considers the process of evidence seeking and in particular the systematic review as a presumed ‘gold standard’ of the EBP movement. It highlights some of the opportunities and challenges represented in this approach for policy research. The final part of the paper outlines some questions of capacity that need to be addressed if the social sciences are to make a more effective contribution to policy debate in Britain.
Aggression und Aggressivität im Straßenverkehr

Zusammenfassung: Das Thema Aggression und Aggressivitat gehort zu den klassischen Kernthemen der Sozialpsychologie. Uber angewandte Aggressionsforschung im Bereich des Strasenverkehrs ist bisher wenig bekannt. Dieser Mangel zeigt sich sowohl in der Schwierigkeit, aggressive Verhaltensweisen im Strasenverkehr zu definieren, als auch in den meist explorativ angelegten empirischen Untersuchungen zum Thema. Gerade im Strasenverkehr jedoch hat Aggression hohe Bedeutung; vertiefte wissenschaftlich fundierte Studien auf dem Standard der sozialpsychologischen Forschung waren hier sehr hilfreich. Dieser Brennpunkt gibt einen Uberblick uber Aggression und Aggressivitat im Strasenverkehr. Es wird ein Vorschlag zur Definition aggressiver Verhaltensweisen im Strasenverkehr unterbreitet und die wichtigsten empirischen Befunde und Einflussfaktoren werden dargestellt.
A PSYCHODYNAMIC PROFILE OF THERAPISTS WHO SEXUALLY EXPLOIT THEIR CLIENTS

ABSTRACT This paper reviews recent literature pertaining to therapists who sexually exploit their clients. It examines some of the common characteristics that have been identified in therapists who abuse, and the psychosexual factors in their background. It goes on to discuss the dynamics which may prevail in the event of therapist abuse. Research suggests that therapists who exploit their role will only do so if they are in some way dysfunctional (Russell 1993). Similarly, therapists who abuse are found to have severe problems with their own sexual identities and experience a considerable amount of sexual anxiety and guilt in their personal relationships (Strean 1993b). It is suggested that their own unresolved conflicts take precedence over those of their clients and unconsciously they harbour a deep antipathy towards the practice of psychotherapy (Strean 1993a).
Absolute stability of Lur'e systems: A complementarity and passivity approach

The stability problem of Lur'e systems composed by a dynamical linear time invariant system closed in feedback through a static piecewise linear mapping is considered. By exploiting complementarity representations of piecewise linear characteristics, generalized sector conditions expressed in terms of constrained relations are established. The proposed form is shown to be suitable for getting sector conditions of multi-input multi-output coupled characteristics as well as for representing classical conic sectors. Then, starting from the passivity assumption of the complementarity system representation, an operative result is obtained which allows to verify absolute stability of Lur'e systems with feedback constrained relations and possibly nonzero equilibrium. Some examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Perceived parental styles in a Japanese sample of depressive disorders

Background Dysfunctional parental styles, as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), have been associated with adult depression in Western cultures. This study sought to determine whether such parental styles are also associated with adult depression in a non-Western society. Method PBI scores and parental styles assessed by PBI quadrants were explored in 51 Japanese depressive patients and controls in a matched, case-control design. Results Low care and high protection scores were associated not with melancholic but with non-melancholic depression. Subjects exposed to dysfunctional parental styles demonstrated a high risk for non-melancholic depression. Conclusions These data suggest that the association between dysfunctional parental styles on PBI and non-melancholic depression may be independent of cultural differences.
T-cell integrins: more than just sticking points

T cells use integrins in essentially all of their functions. They use integrins to migrate in and out of lymph nodes and, following infection, to migrate into other tissues. At the beginning of an immune response, integrins also participate in the immunological synapse formed between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Because the ligands for integrins are widely expressed, integrin activity on T cells must be tightly controlled. Integrins become active following signalling through other membrane receptors, which cause both affinity alteration and an increase in integrin clustering. Lipid raft localization may increase integrin activity. Signalling pathways involving ADAP, Vav-1 and SKAP-55, as well as Rap1 and RAPL, cause clustering of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; integrin αLβ2). T-cell integrins can also signal, and the pathways dedicated to the migratory activity of T cells have been the most investigated so far. Active LFA-1 causes T-cell attachment and lamellipodial movement induced by myosin light chain kinase at the leading edge, whereas RhoA and ROCK cause T-cell detachment at the trailing edge. Another important signalling pathway acts through CasL/Crk, which might regulate the activity of the GTPases Rac and Rap1 that have important roles in T-cell migration.
Dominating versus eliminating the competition: Sex differences in human intrasexual aggression

Archer presents a traditional view of intrasexual competition. Knowledge of a species' social structure provides a more complete picture. Human males compete against individuals with whom they may cooperate later in inter-group aggression. By contrast, females compete against individuals for a mate's continued support. Females' aggression may aim at eliminating the competition, whereas males simply may attempt to dominate others.
Prospecting for Participants: Rational Expectations and the Recruitment of Political Activists

A survey of the American public is used to model citizen political recruitment as a two-stage process. First, those who recruit others to become active in politics seek likely activists through “rational prospecting. ” Second, they seek acquiescence to their requests. We model each part of the process, delineating the characteristics of individuals that make them attractive prospects and that make them likely to say “yes. ” Recruiters who have information about, and leverage over, their targets are more likely to be successful. In seeking out people who would be likely not only to participate but also to participate effectively, rational prospectors select people with characteristics that are already overrepresented among participants. The net result of the recruitment process for political activity in general—and for financial contributions, in particular—is to exacerbate participatory stratification.
A Novel Discrete Wavelet Domain Error-Based Image Quality Metric with Enhanced Perceptual Performance

I n this paper, we present an error-based method to compute image quality scores in the discrete wavelet domain using the Haar wavelet. The proposed method does not extract any human visual system parameters, which noticeably reduces its complexity, and relies on computation of the errors (differences) at an appropriate level of wavelet decomposition. We also propose a formula to automatically calculate the required level of wavelet decomposition at a desired viewing distance. To consider the effect of very fine image details in quality assessment, the proposed method defines a multi-level edge map for each image which comprises only the most informative image subbands. We present the mathematical complexity analysis of our method and compare it to the conventional PSNR. We show that when the defined edge map is not taken into account we can calculate the quality score with lower complexity than with the PSNR, and with a prediction accuracy close to that of SSIM. We tested the performance of our method on two different databases: an image database and a video database.
Unifying Input-Output and State-Space Perspectives of Predictive Control

Predictive control refers to the concept where the current control decision is based on a prediction of the system controlled response a number of times into the future. Originally derived from input-output models, recent years have seen efforts to interpret and develop predictive control from the state-space domain. This paper presents a formulation that unifies the two perspectives. Although a general state-space model is used as the starting point of the derivation, the predictive controller gains are ultimately synthesized from input-output data. There is no need for explicit model identification, and no observer is required in the implementation. Central to this development is a special interaction matrix which can be explained in the context of a “generalized” Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Experimental results are provided to illustrate this unified perspective of predictive control, including a comparison between data-based and modelbased predictive controller designs.
Clinical Effects of Theophylline on Inspiratory Muscle Drive in Tetraplegia

Theophylline has been shown to restore diaphragmatic function in animals following cervical spinal cord hemisection, which induces hemidiaphragm paralysis. Although theophylline had been used clinically in the treatment of various pulmonary diseases, its effects on respiratory muscle function in cervical spinal cord injured tetraplegics has not been studied. In the present case study, we evaluated a patient injured in 1979 with a chronic asymmetric C5-7 tetraplegia (left C5-6, right C6-7) before and after receiving theophylline chronically by mouth for three weeks and again before and after receiving acute intravenous (IV) aminophylline after the effects of the chronic drug administration wore off. Neural activation to inspiratory muscles was assessed by right and left parasternal intercostal and diaphragm EMGs during quiet breathing and max imal inspiratory efforts. Global respiratory drive was assessed by P100, and inspiratory muscle force was assessed by maximal inspiratory pressures and vital capacity. Both long-term orally administered and acute IV theophylline increased neural activation to the diaphragm, especially on the more affected left side. Theophylline treatment was also associated with an increase in global central respiratory drive and inspiratory muscle force, without changing expiratory airflows. Left diaphragm EMG activity was markedly increased following the administration of theophylline. Of interest, upper parasternal intercostal EMG activity was also recruited on the left in spite of being below the level of cervical injury. We speculate that the administration of theophylline in selected patients with an asymmetric cervical spinal cord injury may activate la tent bulbospinal respiratory pathways and improve inspiratory muscle function, re ducing the likelihood of associated respiratory failure.
Cascade control for compliant joint robots with redundant position sensors

The new generation of robots should coexist with our human beings in every walk of life. As a result, physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI) is ubiquitous and robot safety is quintessential. One solution to safety demand is to voluntarily put the series elasticity into joints for shock absorbing. However, side effects in terms of increased oscillations and long settling time occur. To alleviate this predicament, a compliant joint with two rotary position sensors measuring both the link side and motor side positions is devised. Then, a cascade control consisting of the outer position loop with the joint end position measurement and the inner torque loop is posed to improve the robot performance, and its stability is rigorously analyzed by the singular perturbation theory. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the suggested control scheme.