Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure and efficient bi-directional proxy re-encyrption technique

Rapid development of communications over internet such as online money transaction, transaction of E-mail with sensitive data (medical data) and so on has led to need for strong cryptographic technique. There has been continuous research going on to assure strong security by various cryptanalyst. However, performance, computation time and ease of use play a significant role in using the algorithm for implementation. Proxy re-encryption plays a significant role in protecting data that are stored in public environment (cloud). Many existing Proxy re-encryption technique induces high computation overhead due to adoption of public key cryptography such RSA (Rivet Shamir Adleman), ECC (Elliptical Curve Cryptography) etc. To address this work present a Bidirectional Proxy Re-encryption scheme by adopting lattice based cryptography technique. Experiment is conducted for computation overhead by varying key and data size which attained significant performance improvement over existing Proxy Re-encryption scheme.
Thermography in screening for breast cancer.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim of the study was to determine whether thermography could be used to identify women with breast cancer or women at risk of developing the disease within five years. DESIGN--Women were screened for breast cancer and a documentary follow up was conducted five years later through general practitioner records. SETTING--The project involved Women resident in the Bath District Health Authority area, who were invited to attend a breast screening clinic. SUBJECTS--10,238 women aged between 40 and 65 were screened. Of these, 4284 accepted personal letters of invitation from their general practitioners and 5954 volunteered to take part in the project in response to publicity; 9819 (96.5%) were traced after five years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--All the women had a thermographic and clinical examination of their breasts. If either examination was abnormal they were referred for mammography. Sensitivity of thermography was found to be 61% and specificity 74%. A documentary follow up of each woman was conducted five years later, when it was found that 71.6% of the women who developed breast cancer had had a normal thermogram at the time of examination, as did 73% of those who did not. CONCLUSIONS--Thermography is not sufficiently sensitive to be used as a screening test for breast cancer, nor is it useful as an indicator of risk of developing the disease within five years.
A Model of Investment Timing for Developing Childhood Health Capacity

The increasing prevalence of obesity yields numerous social costs in the form of lower productivity, higher Medicare and Medicaid costs, and higher insurance premiums. These negative externalities create a public interest for societal investment to reduce the shared costs of obesity related healthcare and efficiency losses. Understanding that health preferences and skills developed in childhood greatly impact adult outcomes, this paper provides a framework for evaluating the optimal timing of investment in childhood health for the prevention of obesity. The two period model provides a means to evaluate how economical early preventative investments are compared to later reparative health investments. It is likely that preventative health investments in childhood would prove cost effective compared to the high costs of adulthood obesity and its resulting comorbidities.
Identification and Enzymatic Characterization of Two Diverging Murine Counterparts of Human Interstitial Collagenase (MMP-1) Expressed at Sites of Embryo Implantation*

Remodeling of fibrillar collagen in mouse tissues has been widely attributed to the activity of collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13)), the main collagenase identified in this species. This proposal has been largely based on the repeatedly unproductive attempts to detect the presence in murine tissues of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), a major collagenase in many species, including humans. In this work, we have performed an extensive screening of murine genomic and cDNA libraries using as probe the full-length cDNA for human MMP-1. We report the identification of two novel members of the MMP gene family which are contained within the cluster of MMP genes located at murine chromosome 9. The isolated cDNAs contain open reading frames of 464 and 463 amino acids and are 82% identical, displaying all structural features characteristic of archetypal MMPs. Comparison for sequence similarities revealed that the highest percentage of identities was found with human interstitial collagenase (MMP-1). The new proteins were tentatively called Mcol-A and Mcol-B (Murinecollagenase-like A andB). Analysis of the enzymatic activity of the recombinant proteins revealed that both are catalytically autoactivable but only Mcol-A is able to degrade synthetic peptides and type I and II fibrillar collagen. Both Mcol-A and Mcol-Bgenes are located in the A1–A2 region of mouse chromosome 9, Mcol-A occupying a position syntenic to the human MMP-1 locus at 11q22. Analysis of the expression of these novel MMPs in murine tissues revealed their predominant presence during mouse embryogenesis, particularly in mouse trophoblast giant cells. According to their structural and functional characteristics, we propose that at least one of these novel members of the MMP family, Mcol-A, may play roles as interstitial collagenase in murine tissues and could represent a true orthologue of human MMP-1.
Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 ntcA gene required for growth on nitrate and heterocyst development

The Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 ntcA (bifA) gene encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, NtcA (BifA, VF1) that interacts with the upstream region of several genes, including glnA, xisA, rbcL, and nifH. We have constructed a ntcA null mutant by interrupting the gene with an omega Spr-Smr cassette. The ntcA mutant was not able to grow with nitrate or atmospheric dinitrogen as the sole nitrogen source but could be grown on medium containing ammonium. The ntcA mutant was unable to form heterocysts and did not rearrange the nifD or fdxN elements after induction on a medium lacking combined nitrogen. Northern (RNA) analysis of ntcA in the wild-type strain during nitrogen stepdown showed a peak of ntcA message at an early stage (12 h) of heterocyst induction. Complementation of the ntcA mutant with a DNA fragment containing the ntcA gene and 251 bp of upstream sequence on a shuttle vector restored a wild-type phenotype; however, a similar construction containing 87 bp of upstream sequence only partially restored the phenotype. Northern analysis of RNA samples isolated from ammonium-grown cultures of the ntcA mutant showed reduced amounts of glnA message and the absence of a 1.7-kb transcript. In the wild type, the 1.7-kb transcript represents the majority of glnA transcripts after nitrogen stepdown. The ntcA mutant showed a normal pattern of rbcLS messages under these growth conditions.
Radioreceptor assay analysis of tamsulosin and terazosin pharmacokinetics.

AIMS A radioreceptor assay has been developed for alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes and applied to a pharmacokinetic analysis of tamsulosin and terazosin. METHODS Young, male, healthy volunteers received 0.4 mg tamsulosin (as Omnic modified release capsules) or 5 mg terazosin (as Flotrin tablets) in a randomized, cross-over design. Before and after 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 23.5 h plasma was analyzed by radioreceptor assay using cloned human alpha1A-, alpha1B- and alpha1D-adrenoceptors and specific h.p.l.c. analysis. RESULTS Following ingestion of tamsulosin median peak plasma levels of 16 ng ml(-1) were reached after 5 h and declined to 2 ng ml(-1) at 23.5 h. The time course in the radioreceptor assay was similar, and at most time points binding to alpha1A-adrenoceptors was significantly greater than to alpha1B- and alpha1D-adrenoceptors. Following ingestion of terazosin median peak plasma levels of 91 ng ml(-1) were reached after 1 h and declined to 11 ng ml(-1) at 23.5 h. In the radioreceptor assay binding also peaked at 1 h and declined thereafter, but even after 23.5 h considerable binding activity remained detectable at all three subtypes. At most time points binding to the alpha1A- and alpha1D-adrenoceptor was significantly greater than to the alpha1B-adrenoceptor. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist pharmacokinetics can be monitored by radioreceptor assays in a subtype-selective manner. Tamsulosin and terazosin exhibit subtype selective receptor binding ex vivo. The discordance between terazosin blood levels as determined by h.p.l.c. and radioreceptor assay at late time points indicates the possible involvement of metabolites in in vivo terazosin effects.
Cardiac Safety of Central Nervous System Stimulants in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

OBJECTIVES. Case reports have raised concerns about the risk of cardiac events associated with central nervous system stimulants for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PATIENTS AND METHODS. This was a retrospective cohort study that used 10 years (July 1994 to June 2004) of Florida Medicaid claims data cross-linked to Vital Statistics Death Registry data. The cohort was composed of all youth 3 to 20 years old who were newly diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Each month of follow-up was classified according to stimulant claims (methylphenidate, amphetamines, and pemoline) as current use (active stimulant claim), former use (time after periods of current use), or nonuse (time preceding the first stimulant claim, including follow-up of youth who were never exposed to stimulants). The study's end points were (1) cardiac death, (2) first hospital admission for cardiac causes or (3) first emergency department visit for cardiac causes. Risks were compared with time-dependent Cox regression analysis adjusting for various cardiac risk factors. RESULTS. During 124932 person-years of observation (n = 55383), 73 youth died, 5 because of cardiac causes. No cardiac death occurred during 42612 person-years of stimulant use. Hospital admissions for cardiac cause occurred for 27 children (8 during stimulant use, 11 during 35671 person-years of former use, and 8 during 46649 person-years of nonuse); and 1091 children visited the emergency department for cardiac causes (8.7 per 1000 person-years). Current stimulant use was associated with a 20% increase in the hazard for emergency department visits when compared with nonuse. No increased risk was found for periods of former use when compared with nonuse. CONCLUSIONS. Incidence rates of cardiac events requiring hospitalization were small and similar to national background rates. Stimulants were associated with an increase in cardiac emergency department visits. More evidence is needed that addresses the long-term risk/benefit of the various treatment options and the effect of other cardiac risk factors and comedications.
A PVT-Tolerant Low-1/f Noise Dual-Loop Hybrid PLL in 0.18/spl mu/m

A dual-loop analog-digital hybrid PLL with a small-bandwidth digital loop and large-bandwidth analog loop achieves low jitter by suppressing 1/f noise and does not require off-chip loop filter components. The operating range using a narrow-range VCO is from 10 to 200MHz. The output jitter over this range is <0.028UIpp. The chip is implemented in a 0.18mum CMOS process and consumes 50mW from a 1.8V supply
Evaluation of computer‐aided instruction in a gross anatomy course: A six‐year study

Web‐based computer‐aided instruction (CAI) has become increasingly important to medical curricula. This multi‐year study investigated the effectiveness of CAI and the factors affecting level of individual use. Three CAI were tested that differed in specificity of applicability to the curriculum and in the level of student interaction with the CAI. Student personality preferences and learning styles were measured using the Meyers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI). Information on “computer literacy” and use of CAI was collected from student surveys. Server logs were used to quantify individual use of respective CAI. There was considerable variability in the level of utilization of each CAI by individual students. Individual use of each CAI differed and was associated with gender, MBTI preferences and learning style, but not with “computer literacy. ” The majority of students found the CAI useful for learning and used the CAI by themselves. Students who accessed the CAI resources most frequently scored significantly higher on exams compared with students who never accessed the resources. Our results show that medical students do not uniformly use CAI developed for their curriculum and this variability is associated with various attributes of individual students. Our data also provide evidence of the importance of understanding student preferences and learning styles when implementing CAI into the curriculum. Anat Sci Ed 2:2–8, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Rare Pulmonary Neoplasms

Rare primary neoplasms of the lung account for less than 1% of all primary lung cancers. These pulmonary tumors are usually metastatic. Accurate histopathologic studies and detailed clinical history are essential to confirm the diagnosis of unusual pri mary neoplasms of the lung. Rare pulmonary neoplasms are subdivided into six major histopathologic groups and include lymphoid tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, salivary gland tumors, mixed epithelial/mesenchymal tumors, ectopic tissue tumors, and undeter mined histogenetic tumors. Surgical resection, when possible, is the treatment of choice for rare pulmonary neoplasms. The effects of adjuvant therapy on long-term survival and disease-free interval is not known because of the rarity of these neoplasms. Overall sur vival is better when compared with primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Therefore, aggres sive surgical treatment of rare primary neoplasms of the lung is warranted.
Carbon emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth relationship in Sri Lanka

ABSTRACT This study attempts to investigate the long-run Granger causality relationship between energy consumption, carbon emissions, economic growth, and trade openness in Sri Lanka. Our analysis reveals that, there exists long-run causal relationship between carbon emission and economic growth for Sri Lanka over the period of 1971–2006. In addition, there is unidirectional causality running from economic growth to the carbon emission and energy consumption. The result implies that carbon emission reduction policies will hurt economic growth if no supplementary policies are taken to modify this causal relationship.
20‐hydroxyecdysone enhances the expression of the chitinase 5 via Broad‐Complex Zinc‐Finger 4 during metamorphosis in silkworm, Bombyx mori

Insect chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes required for the degradation of chitin. They are essential for insect moulting and metamorphosis. In this study, the regulation mechanism of a chitinase gene, Bombyx mori chitinase 5 (BmCHT5), was studied. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis showed that BmCHT5 was up‐regulated during the larval–larval and larval–pupa transitions and notably induced by 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). Analysis of the BmCHT5 promoter revealed the presence of one Bombyx mori Broad‐Complex Zinc‐Finger Isoform 4 (BR‐C Z4), two BR‐C Z2 and two ecdysone‐induced protein 74A (E74A) cis‐regulatory elements (CREs) that are related to 20E. qRT‐PCR showed that the expression of both BmBR‐C Z4 and BmBR‐C Z2 during metamorphosis, and when induced by 20E, was anastomotic with the variations in BmCHT5 mRNA level. In contrast, BmE74A did not follow this trend. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay did not retrieve a binding partner for the two BR‐C Z2 CREs in the BmN cell line nuclear extract, whereas BR‐C Z4 CRE specifically bound to BmBR‐C Z4. Besides, luciferase activity analysis confirmed that BmBR‐C Z4 could enhance the activity of the BmCHT5 promoter with BR‐C Z4 CRE and could not enhance the promoter activity by mutating BR‐C Z4 CRE. Taken together, these data suggest that the transcription factor BmBR‐C Z4 enhances the expression of BmCHT5 during metamorphosis.
What happens after children tell? a qualitative analysis of narratives of women who as children disclosed intra-familial sexual abuse

Contrary to depictions of strangers and perverts lurking in the shadows, most children are sexually abused by “normal” people known to them, often in their own families. The majority of child sexual abuse, especially when it occurs within families, is neither disclosed nor reported. It has been argued that disclosure is a necessary prerequisite for protecting children and ending abuse, as well as for child welfare, criminal, therapeutic, and other individual and societal interventions. Although it opens the door for intervention, disclosure is also a potential source of further trauma and revictimization, depending on the responses to the disclosures. There is a great deal of research addressing the prevention, prevalence and incidence, antecedents, etiology, impact, disclosure, and treatment of child sexual abuse. However, what appears to be lacking in the extant literature are victim’s stories of what happened after they as children disclosed intra-familial sexual abuse. Thus, 16 women living in Saskatchewan, Canada were interviewed about their experiences of disclosing, before age 18, intra-familial child sexual abuse. Employing feminist research methods and a constructivist grounded theory research design, this research explores and describes the process of disclosing, what happened after they disclosed, and how the abuse ended. Two models for understanding disclosing and ending intra-familial child sexual abuse and reactions to the disclosures are presented. The first reflects the factors impacting disclosing and ending abuse and the reactions of families, community members, and professionals. The second envisions optimal conditions for disclosing and ending intra-familial child sexual abuse, and for achieving the desired responses to disclosures. Implicit within the second model are recommendations for change, including implications for professional practice and education. This research is grounded in feminist, constructivist, and social work traditions of witnessing individual subjective experiences and transforming what is learned into individual and social change through social action. In addressing concerns raised through women’s personal narratives, this research aims to increase awareness and understanding among peers, families, formal and informal support systems, and communities about how to respond appropriately, supportively, and helpfully to children’s disclosures of sexual abuse. Further, this research aspires to contribute to prevention, clinical intervention, and child protection practices and policies, with an ultimate goal of ending child sexual abuse.
Aryl amide derivatives of 4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives useful as ASK1 inhibitors, an evaluation of WO2012080735

Novel 4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their salts, compositions containing them and their use as ASK1 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammation and pain are claimed. The compounds have a broad potential utility with osteoarthritis and neuropathic pain among the likely preferred indications.
Specific and Covalent Targeting of Conjugating and Deconjugating Enzymes of Ubiquitin-Like Proteins

ABSTRACT Modification of proteins by ubiquitin (Ub)-like proteins (UBLs) plays an important role in many cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, nuclear transport, and autophagy. Protein modification occurs via UBL-conjugating and -deconjugating enzymes, which presumably exert a regulatory function by determining the conjugation status of the substrate proteins. To target and identify UBL-modifying enzymes, we produced Nedd8, ISG15, and SUMO-1 in Escherichia coli and equipped them with a C-terminal electrophilic trap (vinyl sulfone [VS]) via an intein-based method. These C-terminally modified UBL probes reacted with purified UBL-activating (E1), -conjugating (E2), and -deconjugating enzymes in a covalent fashion. Modified UBLs were radioiodinated and incubated with cell lysates prepared from mouse cell lines and tissues to allow visualization of polypeptides reactive with individual UBL probes. The cell type- and tissue-specific labeling patterns observed for the UBL probes reflect distinct expression profiles of active enzymes, indicating tissue-specific functions of UBLs. We identify Ub C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and DEN1/NEDP1/SENP8, in addition to UCH-L3, as proteases with specificity for Nedd8. The Ub-specific protease isopeptidase T/USP5 is shown to react with ISG15-VS. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the desumoylation enzyme SuPr-1 can be modified by SUMO-1-VS, a modification that is dependent on the SuPr-1 active-site cysteine. The UBL probes described here will be valuable tools for the further characterization of the enzymatic pathways that govern modification by UBLs.
Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Shoot-Feeding Characteristics and Overwintering Behavior in Scotch Pine Christmas Trees

Abstract Overwintering behavior of Tomicus piniperda (L.) was studied in a Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Christmas tree plantation in Indiana (1992–1994) and a plantation in Michigan (1994). In general, adults feed inside shoots during summer, then move to overwintering sites at the base of trees in autumn. In early autumn, adults were most often found in shoot-feeding tunnels that were still surrounded by green needles, whereas few were in tunnels surrounded by yellow or brown needles. For all years and sites combined, the range in the percentage of recently tunneled shoots that contained live T. piniperda adults decreased from 89 to 96% in mid-October, to 15–66% in early November, to 2–10% in mid-November, and to 0–2% by late November to early December. In each year, the first subfreezing temperatures in autumn occurred in October, before most adults left the shoots. Of 1,285 T. piniperda-tunneled shoots, one to seven tunnels (mean = 1.6) and zero to three adults were found per infested shoot. Of these 1,285 attacked shoots, 55% of the shoots had one tunnel, 33% had two, 9% had three, 3% had four, and <1% had five to seven tunnels each. When two or more tunnels occurred in a single shoot, adults were most commonly found in the innermost (most basal) tunnel. For the 2,070 tunnels found in the 1,285 shoots, average shoot thickness at the tunnel entrance was 6.0 mm, average distance from the tunnel entrance to the shoot tip was 6.3 cm, and average tunnel length was 2.3 cm. Four Scotch pine Christmas trees were dissected in January 1993. Eighty percent of the tunneled shoots were in the upper quarter of the tree crown and 98% were in the upper half. For the four trees inspected in January, one live adult was found in a shoot and 85 adults were found in the outer bark along the lower trunk from 1 cm below the soil line to 19 cm above the soil line. No overwintering adults were found outside the trunk in the duff or soil near the base of each test tree. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of surveying, timing the cutting of Christmas trees, and cutting height for Christmas trees.