Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Intra-RAN Flexible Spectrum Use to Networks with Multi-Rate Services

Flexible spectrum use (FSU) within a radio access network (RAN) offers a flexible way to adapt the network capacity to the spatial and diurnal variations on the user distributions over the cell and network areas. In this paper, FSU is applied to the downlink of a radio access network (RAN) that utilises both wideband (WB) and narrowband (NB) carriers. Intra-RAN FSU is used to provide flexibility in the spectrum use between the WB and NB carriers. The considered network is assumed to offer multiple real-time and non-real-time services. The focus of the paper is to determine performance of the considered spectrum use scenarios against the average distance of active users to their nearest basestation. The obtained results indicate that although the WB carrier is able to provide high peak data rates, its performance is highly dependent on the average distance of active users and substantial improvement on downlink performance of the network can be obtained by fragmenting spectrum according to the average distance of active users
Evolutionary History and Genome Organization of DUF1220 Protein Domains

DUF1220 protein domains exhibit the most extreme human lineage–specific (HLS) copy number increase of any protein coding region in the human genome and have recently been linked to evolutionary and pathological changes in brain size (e.g., 1q21‐associated microcephaly). These findings lend support to the view that DUF1220 domain dosage is a key factor in the determination of primate (and human) brain size. Here we analyze 41 animal genomes and present the most complete account to date of the evolutionary history and genome organization of DUF1220 domains and the gene family that encodes them (NBPF). Included among the novel features identified by this analysis is a DUF1220 domain precursor in nonmammalian vertebrates, a unique predicted promoter common to all mammalian NBPF genes, six distinct clades into which DUF1220 sequences can be subdivided, and a previously unknown member of the NBPF gene family (NBPF25). Most importantly, we show that the exceptional HLS increase in DUF1220 copy number (from 102 in our last common ancestor with chimp to 272 in human; an average HLS increase of ∼28 copies every million years since the Homo/Pan split) was driven by intragenic domain hyperamplification. This increase primarily involved a 4.7 kb, tandemly repeated three DUF1220 domain unit we have named the HLS DUF1220 triplet, a motif that is a likely candidate to underlie key properties unique to the Homo sapiens brain. Interestingly, all copies of the HLS DUF1220 triplet lie within a human-specific pericentric inversion that also includes the 1q12 C‐band, a polymorphic heterochromatin expansion that is unique to the human genome. Both cytogenetic features likely played key roles in the rapid HLS DUF1220 triplet hyperamplification, which is among the most striking genomic changes specific to the human lineage.
Sensor Calibration and Hysteresis Compensation With Heteroscedastic Gaussian Processes

We deal with the problem of estimating the true measured scalar quantity from the output signal of a sensor that is afflicted with hysteresis and noise. We use a probabilistic, nonparametric sensor model based on heteroscedastic Gaussian processes (GPs), which is trained using a data set of sensor output and ground truth pairs. The inference problem is formulated as state estimation in a dynamical system. We exploit the low dimensionality of the latent state space of the sensor to perform exact probabilistic inference of the measured quantity from a time series of the sensor's output. Compared with the state-of-the-art assumed density filtering algorithm for GPs, which analytically approximates the posterior by a normal distribution during inference, our method reduces the prediction error by 33% on a data set obtained from a novel flexible tactile sensor based on carbon-black filled elastomers. The proposed model can be applied, but is not limited, to any sensor for which the Preisach model of hysteresis holds. The use of probabilistic modeling and inference not only provides a most likely estimate of the measured quantity but also the corresponding confidence interval.
Exploiting multiple degrees of BP parallelism on the highly parallel computer AP1000

During the few last years, several neurocomputers have been developed, but still general-purpose computers are an alternative to these special-purpose computers. This paper describes a mapping of the backpropagation (BP) learning algorithm onto a large 2D torus architecture. The parallel algorithm was implemented on a 512-processor AP1000 and evaluated using NETtalk and other applications. To obtain high speedup, we have suggested an approach to combine the multiple parallel degrees of the algorithm (training set parallelism, node parallelism and pipelining of the training patterns). For a large number of processors, we obtained a performance of 81 million weight updates per second using 512 processors, when running the NETtalk network. Our results show that to obtain the best performance on a large number of processors, a combination of multiple degrees of parallelism in the backpropagation algorithm ought to be considered.
Tidal dwarf galaxies in the nearby Universe

We present a statistical observational study of the tidal dwarf (TD) population in the nearby Universe by exploiting a large, homogeneous catalogue of galaxy mergers compiled from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. 95% of TD-producing mergers involve two spiral progenitors (typically both in the blue cloud), while most remaining systems have at least one spiral progenitor. The fraction of TD-producing mergers where both parents are early-type galaxies is less than 2%, suggesting that TDs are unlikely to form in such mergers. The bulk of the TD-producing systems inhabit a field environment and have mass ratios greater than �1:7 (the median value is 1:2.5). TDs forming at the tidal-tail tips are �4 times more massive than those forming at the base of the tails. TDs have stellar masses that are less than 10% of the stellar masses of their parents (the median is 0.6%) and lie within 15 optical half-light radii of their parent galaxies. The TD population is typically bluer than the parents, with a median offset of �0.3 mag in the (g r) colour and the TD colours are not affected by the presence of AGN activity in their parents. An analysis of their star formation histories indicates that TDs contain both newly formed stars (with a median age of �30 Myrs) and old stars drawn from the parent disks, each component probably contributing roughly equally to the stellar mass of the object. Thus TDs are not formed purely through gas condensation in tidal tails but host a significant component of old stars from the parent disks. Finally, an analysis of the TD contribution to the observed dwarf to massive galaxy ratio in the local Universe indicates that �6% of dwarfs in nearby clusters may have a tidal origin, if TD production rates in nearby mergers are representative of those in the high-redshift Universe. Even if TD production rates at high redshift were several factors higher, it seems unlikely that the entire dwarf galaxy population today is a result of merger activity over the lifetime of the Universe.
Effects of l- and d-arginine on the basal tone of human diseased coronary arteries and their responses to substance P

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of substance P administration alone and in combination withl- and d-arginine in patients with normal angiograms and in patients with coronary artery disease. DESIGN Intracoronary infusions of (a) normal saline, (b) the receptor mediated nitric oxide stimulant substance P (5.6 and 27.8 pmol/min) before and afterl- or d-arginine (50 and 150 μmol/min), and (c) glyceryl trinitrate (250 μg bolus) were given to 17 patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina, and to six patients with normal angiograms. The diameter of angiographically normal proximal and distal segments and coronary stenoses were measured by computerised quantitative angiography. RESULTS l-arginine administration was associated with significant dilatation of stenoses (p < 0.01) of proximal segments of both “normal” (p < 0.05) and diseased (p < 0.01) arteries, and of distal segments of diseased arteries (p < 0.01). No significant changes were associated withd-arginine administration. Dose dependent dilatation of all segments including stenoses, was observed with substance P both before and after l-arginine infusion (p < 0.01). The magnitude of dilatation of stenoses and all segments of both “normal” and diseased coronaries was greater after l-arginine (p < 0.05) but not d-arginine and substance P infusion, than it was after saline and substance P infusion. Administration ofd- or l-arginine did not change the magnitude of substance P induced dilatation. CONCLUSIONS Diseased and “normal” coronary arteries dilated in response to substance P and l-arginine but were unaffected byd-arginine infusion. The magnitude of the response to substance P was not increased by l-arginine administration, indicating that it is not critically dependent on the availability of substrate for nitric oxide synthase.
Teaching Domestic Living Skills to Severely Handicapped Students in the Natural Environment

• Severely handicapped persons need a wide variety of personal hygiene and home maintenance skills in order to function as independently as possible in their home environments. These skills range from basic selfcare tasks such as toothbrushing and handwashing to the more complex skills required for cooking and cleaning. A wide variety of domestic skills have been recognized as appropriate for teaching to severely handicapped persons (Martin, Rusch, & Heal, 1982), including activities such as dressing (Adelson-Bernstein & Sandow, 1978), bedmaking (Snell, 1982), and laundering (Cuvo, Jacobi, & Sipko, 1981). Brown, Nietupski, and Hamre-Nietupski (1976) were among the first to point out the advantages of teaching domestic living skills within the natural environment. These authors proposed that the skills necessary for normal, independent life functioning (Le., those skills associated with domestic living tasks, community functioning, vocational responsibilities, and leisure activities) should be taught in the environment in which the skills are performed. Despite the fact that instruction within natural settings has been accepted as a logical teaching technique by a number of authors (e.g., Bates, Renzaglia, & Wehman, 1981; Martin et aI, 1982), the classroom-based instructional model still predominates in domestic living programs for severely handicapped students across the country.
Conceptual spaces and language games for an artificial fingertip

Conceptual spaces are a representational framework in which concepts are defined by a set of attributes and an associated distance metric. Concepts are thus represented as convex regions within a conceptual space, which itself is made up of several feature dimensions. In this paper we describe a possible tactile conceptual space for an artificial fingertip. We then show how this space can be used in a language game, in which a population of autonomous agents co-evolves a set of shared tactile concepts. In particular, we have analysed a variety of textures and chosen two features to represent them. Given these features, we run simulations where agents use this conceptual space together with a language model, in order to communicate about a set of textures. Using a learning process to update their concepts based on the assertions of others, these agents can coordinate their descriptions of the textures they observe.
Automating the VLSI design process using expert systems and silicon compilation

This paper describes the automatic design of custom integrated circuits from higher level specifications. The paper covers four topic areas: the problem domain and solution approach, higher level synthesis, module to layout automation systems, typically called silicon compiliers, and expert systems which control the design process. In the first three sections, several features of the VLSI problem domain which complicate automation are listed. The VLSI design process is diagrammed and the individual steps described. The term "silicon compilation" is defined to cover the entire process, and definitions for various subcategories of silicon compilers are given. The next Section describes both algorithmic and knowledge-based techniques Which perform higher level synthesis, including area estimation and module binding concurrent with synthesis. Research at Bell Labs, USC, CMU, and in Canada is described, along with other projects. The fifth section discusses the three categories of silicon compilers: commercially available systems, experimental compilers being developed by industry, and artificial intelligence approaches from university research. A survey of several systems is provided. The last section focuses on two systems developed at CMU and USC which plan or control design activities, Ulysses and DPE. Both systems allow the integration of various design automation tools and determine the proper tool invocation to automatically create a design. ADAM takes an autonomous approach, while ULYSSES follows user-defined scripts.
Linking Scales in Stream Ecology

Abstract The hierarchical structure of natural systems can be useful in designing ecological studies that are informative at multiple spatial scales. Although stream systems have long been recognized as having a hierarchical spatial structure, there is a need for more empirical research that exploits this structure to generate an understanding of population biology, community ecology, and species–ecosystem linkages across spatial scales. We review studies that link pattern and process across multiple scales of stream-habitat organization, highlighting the insight derived from this multiscale approach and the role that mechanistic hypotheses play in its successful application. We also describe a frontier in stream research that relies on this multiscale approach: assessing the consequences and mechanisms of ecological processes occurring at the network scale. Broader use of this approach will advance many goals in applied stream ecology, including the design of reserves to protect stream biodiversity and the conservation of freshwater resources and services.
Effects of MHD on the Unsteady Rotating Flow of a Generalized Maxwell Fluid with Oscillating Gradient Between Coaxial Cylinders

The aim of this paper is studied the effect of magnetic field on the unsteady rotating flow of a generalized Maxwell fluid with fractional derivative between two infinite straight circular cylinder . The velocity field and the shear stress are obtained by means of discrete Laplace transform and finite Hankel transform. The exact solution for the velocity field and the shear stress that have been obtained by integral and series form in terms of the generalized G functions and Mitting –leffer function . the graphs are plotted to show the effects of the fractional parameter on the fluid dynamic characteristics with MHD on the velocity and shear stress.
Predictive Factors for Septic Shock in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent infections in intensive care units (ICUs), and nearly 50% of patients with VAP develop septic shock. Septic shock is an independent predictor for mortality in these patients. Objective: To investigate the predictors for septic shock in VAP patients receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with microbiologically confirmed VAP who were receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy were included in the study. They were divided into two groups according to the existence of septic shock. Clinical, hematological, biochemical and microbiological characteristics were compared. Results: Thirty-seven percent of the patients developed septic shock. Advanced age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.13, P = 0.009), lymphocytopenia (<1000/mm3) (OR 7.48, 95% CI 1.91–29, P = 0.004), high blood glucose levels >120 mg/dL (OR 4.75, 95% CI 1.38–16, P = 0.014), and increased clinical pulmonary infection scores (CPIS) (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.16–2.33, P = 0.006) were identified as independent predictors for the development of septic shock. Conclusion: Some clinical parameters such as lymphocytopenia, blood glucose >120 mg/dL, increasing age, and CPIS can predict septic shock during VAP, but large randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these results.
Interaction in Motion with Mobile Projectors: Design Considerations

Emerging research and growing use of mobile projectors reveal a need for better understanding of how to design interaction with such devices. This paper examines key aspects affecting the use of mobile projectors during motion. With the help of two prototypes we explore visibility issues of mobile projectors, in particular how surface colors and geometry affect the visibility of projected information. We then consider the choice of placement of information in the human field of view in the context of peripersonal and extrapersonal spaces. Finally, we raise the issue of body mount location and design implications of long-term use of this type of pervasive display. The paper presents two design explorations using projected displays to address projection on outdoor regular surfaces (snow) and projection on indoor irregular surfaces (indoor and outdoor), in the form of useable prototypes presenting map navigation. Use of the prototypes was explored in various contexts, leading to insights into the limitations and possibilities of such displays. These insights are presented in a set of design considerations intended to inform designers of future mobile projector applications.
A decentralized XML database approach to electronic commerce

Decentralized XML databases are often used in electronic commerce (EC) business models such as e-brokers on the Web. To flexibly model such applications, we need a modeling language for EC business processes. To this end, we have adopted a query language approach and have designed a query language, called XBML, for decentralized XML databases used in EC businesses. The authors explain and validate the functionality of XBML by specifying e-broker business models and describe the implementation of the XBML server, focusing on the distributed query processing.
Exposure to secondhand smoke and attitudes toward smoke-free workplaces among employed U.S. adults: findings from the National Adult Tobacco Survey.

INTRODUCTION This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and attitudes toward smoke-free workplaces among employed U.S. adults. METHODS Data came from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a landline and cellular telephone survey of adults aged ≥18 years in the United States and the District of Columbia. National and state estimates of past 7-day workplace SHS exposure and attitudes toward indoor and outdoor smoke-free workplaces were assessed among employed adults. National estimates were calculated by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, annual household income, sexual orientation, U.S. region, and smoking status. RESULTS Among employed adults who did not smoke cigarettes, 20.4% reported past 7-day SHS exposure at their workplace (state range: 12.4% [Maine] to 30.8% [Nevada]). Nationally, prevalence of exposure was higher among males, those aged 18-44 years, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska natives compared to non-Hispanic Whites, those with less education and income, those in the western United States, and those with no smoke-free workplace policy. Among all employed adults, 83.8% and 23.2% believed smoking should never be allowed in indoor and outdoor areas of workplaces, respectively. CONCLUSIONS One-fifth of employed U.S. adult nonsmokers are exposed to SHS in the workplace, and disparities in exposure exist across states and subpopulations. Most employed adults believe indoor areas of workplaces should be smoke free, and nearly one-quarter believe outdoor areas should be smoke free. Efforts to protect employees from SHS exposure and to educate the public about the dangers of SHS and benefits of smoke-free workplaces could be beneficial.
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia With Lung Nodules Secondary to Pulmonary Manifestation of Crohn Disease

Crohn disease is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations in patients. Pulmonary involvement of Crohn disease is one manifestation. There have been case reports which have shown Crohn disease and lung nodules which were noted to be histopathological as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). In our case, a 22-year-old woman with Crohn disease was seen with complaints of chest pain and cough. Computed tomographic scan of chest showed multiple bilateral lung nodules, for which biopsy was done, which showed COP. The case study is followed by a deeper discussion of COP and the extraintestinal manifestation seen in inflammatory bowel disease.
Collaborative Crowd Density Estimation with Mobile Phones

We present a technique for estimating crowd density by using a mobile phone to scan the environment for discoverable Bluetooth devices. The paper builds on previous work directed to using Bluetooth scans to analyse social context and extends it with more advanced features, leveraging collaboration between several close by devices, and the use of relative features that do not directly depend on the absolute number of devices in the environment. The method is evaluated on an extensive data set from a three day experiment at the Munich Octoberfest festival showing over 80% recognition accuracy (on four discrete crowd density classes) with 30% improvement over the simple method of just counting discoverable devices investigated in previous work.
Neuropsychological outcomes of standard risk and high risk patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia on Dana‐Farber ALL consortium protocol 95‐01 at 5 years post‐diagnosis

Children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as High Risk (HR) patients may be more vulnerable to neurocognitive late effects because of the greater intensity of their therapy. We compared neuropsychological outcomes in children treated for Standard Risk (SR) or HR ALL on Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) Consortium ALL Protocol 95‐01. We also evaluated their performance relative to normative expectations.
Impact of changes in physical activity on health-related quality of life among patients with COPD

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes in regular physical activity (PA) affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 611 patients (mean age 67.2±8.4 yrs; forced expiratory volume in 1 s 49.7±14.6) completed the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) and the Medical Outcomes Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire. PA, defined as patients' self-reported regular walking times, was classified as low, moderate and high. After 5 yrs, 391 survivors completed these instruments again. After adjustment for relevant confounders, patients who reported low PA at baseline and who increased their PA over the study period improved their SGRQ and CRQ scores by 15.9 and 8.7 points, respectively. Patients who moved from moderate to high PA improved their SGRQ scores by 18.4 and their CRQ scores by 14.8. Slightly smaller increases were observed for patients who maintained a high level of PA throughout the study period. Maintaining a low level of PA or decreasing PA over the study period was associated with a significant HRQoL decline. Among COPD patients, a reduction in time spent engaging in PA or maintaining a low level may impair HRQoL, whereas an increase in PA can improve HRQoL parameters.