Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dynamin 1-, dynamin 3- and clathrin-independent pathway of synaptic vesicle recycling mediated by bulk endocytosis

The exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs) elicited by potent stimulation is rapidly compensated by bulk endocytosis of SV membranes leading to large endocytic vacuoles (‘bulk’ endosomes). Subsequently, these vacuoles disappear in parallel with the reappearance of new SVs. We have used synapses of dynamin 1 and 3 double knock-out neurons, where clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is dramatically impaired, to gain insight into the poorly understood mechanisms underlying this process. Massive formation of bulk endosomes was not defective, but rather enhanced, in the absence of dynamin 1 and 3. The subsequent conversion of bulk endosomes into SVs was not accompanied by the accumulation of clathrin coated buds on their surface and this process proceeded even after further clathrin knock-down, suggesting its independence of clathrin. These findings support the existence of a pathway for SV reformation that bypasses the requirement for clathrin and dynamin 1/3 and that operates during intense synaptic activity. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01621. 001
Polarimetry of Compact Symmetric Objects

We present multifrequency VLBA observations of two polarized Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs), J0000+4054 and J1826+1831, and a polarized CSO candidate, J1915+6548. Using the wavelength-squared dependence of Faraday rotation, we obtained rotation measures (RMs) of -180 ± 10 rad m-2 and 1540 ± 7 rad m-2 for the latter two sources. These are lower than what is expected of CSOs (several 1000 rad m-2) and, depending on the path length of the Faraday screens, require magnetic fields from 0.03 to 6 μG. These CSOs may be more heavily affected by Doppler boosting than their unpolarized counterparts, suggesting that a jet-axis orientation more inclined toward the line of sight is necessary to detect any polarization. This allows for low RMs if the polarized components are oriented away from the depolarizing circumnuclear torus. These observations also add a fourth epoch to the proper-motion studies of J0000+4054 and J1826+1831, constraining their kinematic age estimates to >610 and 2600 ± 490 yr, respectively. The morphology, spectrum, and component motions of J1915+6548 are discussed in light of its new classification as a CSO candidate, and its angle to the line of sight (~50°) is determined from relativistic beaming arguments.
The "Life Potential": a new complex algorithm to assess "Heart Rate Variability" from Holter records for cognitive and diagnostic aims. Preliminary experimental results showing its dependence on age, gender and health conditions

Although HRV (Heart Rate Variability) analyses have been carried out for several decades, several limiting factors still make these analyses useless from a clinical point of view. The present paper aims at overcoming some of these limits by introducing the "Life Potential" (BMP), a new mathematical algorithm which seems to exhibit surprising cognitive and predictive capabilities. BMP is defined as a linear combination of five HRV Non-Linear Variables, in turn derived from the thermodynamic formalism of chaotic dynamic systems. The paper presents experimental measurements of BMP (Average Values and Standard Deviations) derived from 1048 Holter tests, matched in age and gender, including a control group of 356 healthy subjects. The main results are: (a) BMP always decreases when the age increases, and its dependence on age and gender is well established; (b) the shape of the age dependence within "healthy people" is different from that found in the general group: this behavior provides evidence of possible illness, and seems to justify the attribute of "life potential". A simplified "standard" procedure is then supplied to compute BMP values for a given subject, whereas BMP dependence on clinical status is now under investigation to make BMP a useful clinical tool.
Strength of Excitation Is Negatively Associated with Aggressive Behavior after Interpersonal Rejection

This study explored how the Pavlovian temperamental traits strength of excitation (SE) and strength of inhibition (SI) were related to rejection and aggression. We predicted that rejection would increase aggression, but that higher SE and SI would mitigate this effect. Participants (n = 117) completed Strelau and Zawadzki’s (1998) Pavlovian Temperament Survey. A week later they were told that a peer wanted (acceptance) or did not want (rejection) to work with them and they were given a chance to react aggressively by damaging that person’s chance of getting a job. We found that only high SE was negatively related to rejected individuals’ aggression. The results are related to the diathesis-stress and catalyst models’ accounts of the role of temperament in shaping experience of social stress.
Applying order reduction model algorithm for balancing control problems of two-wheeled mobile robot

Development of balanced control for the two-wheeled mobile robot has attracted many researchers in the recent years. One difficulty for this control problem is that the controlling object is always unstable and is affected by interferences. To solve this problem, the authors of the previous research offer use robust control algorithm H∞. However, the two-wheeled mobile robot balancing controller under H∞ robust control algorithms often has high order, complexity which will be significant when programming for controller and impact on quality in the process of factual control. This paper has proposed a new algorithm for reducing model orders in general and applying to reduce orders of controller in balance control of two-wheeled robot in particular. Proposed order reduction model algorithm can be applied in other fields such as digital signal processing.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 2007 Interpreting Tourist Experiences from First-Person Stories : A Foundation for Mobile Guides

This netnographic study explores first-person stories from online personal travel reports to gain an understanding of tourist experiences. This study uses these stories in order to model tourist spatiotemporal movement at the destination within the context of their tourist-activated networks. The stories provide information about the behavior of tourists on the move with respect to their problems, critical moments, information needs, knowledge gain, and the perceived value of overall travel experiences. The results offer several implications are drawn for designing mobile technology that enhance tourist experiences. This study contributes to the practical and theoretical development of tourism and information systems in two ways. First, this study shows that online communities such as travel journals can be used as reliable sources of tourist behavior. Second, the results of this study support further development of a theoretical framework for designing mobile technology that supports the traveler experience.
Operating Systems: A statistical model for console behavior in multiuser computers

The ability of a computer system to communicate with the outside world efficiently is as important as its ability to perform computations efficiently. It is quite difficult to characterize a particular user, but rather easy to characterize the entire user community. Based on the properties of this community we have postulated a hypothetical “virtual console. ” No claim is made that a virtual console behaves like any actual console, but the entire collection of virtual consoles models the collection of actual consoles. Using the model we answer questions like: How many processes are suspended waiting for console input? What is the maximum rate at which a process can execute? What bounds can be set on overall buffer requirements? Answers to these and similar questions are needed in certain aspects of operating system design.
Experiments in automatic learning for a multipurpose hueristic program

An automatic learning capability has been developed and implemented for use with the MULTIPLE (MULTIpurpose Program that LEarns) heuristic tree-searching program, which is presently being applied to resolution theorem-proving in predicate calculus. MULTIPLE's proving program (PP) uses two evaluation functions to guide its search for a proof of whether or not a particular goal is achievable. Thirteen general features of predicate calculus clauses were created for use in the automatic learning of better evaluation functions for PP. A multiple regression program was used to produce optimal coefficients for linear polynomial functions in terms of the features. Also, automatic data-handling routines were written for passing data between the learning program and the proving program, and for analyzing and summarizing results. Data was generally collected for learning (regression analysis) from the experience of PP. A number of experiments were performed to test the effectiveness and generality of the learning program. Results showed that the learning produced dramatic improvements in the solutions to problems which were in the same domain as those used for collecting learning data. Learning was also shown to generalize successfully to domains other than those used for data collection. Another experiment demonstrated that the learning program could simultaneously improve performance on problems in a specific domain and on problems in a variety of domains. Some variations of the learning program were also tested.
Driving human motoneurones : recent surprises and possible applications

Motoneurones retain pride of place as the Sherringtonian ‘final common pathway’. Conceptually, they integrate the various inputs they receive and convert the input to a frequency code which then is conveyed to the muscle to produce force. Aspects of this conversion by the motoneurone have been the subject of much investigation [for reviews see, for example, 1, 2]). I comment on some of the paradoxes and then discuss some recent investigations of the output from, human motoneurones and studies of the cortical drive to motoneurones.
Industrial robot programming by demonstration

With the increasing demands in robotized production, easy programming of industrial robots becomes a keen market requirement because the traditional machine-coding level programming methods are usually time consuming, complex to handle, and high technical skill demanding. In past years, the expectation in using artificial intelligence to make robot program to be easy has led many progresses in related technologies in this area. Among them, Programming by Demonstration (PbD) is outlined, by which the robot enables to learn from observing how human performs a task, and then translate as much information as possible from the demonstration into the movement of itself in an automatic way. It frees human from coding the robot through any machine language level programming. In this work, a framework for industrial robot programming by demonstration is introduced where the perception of assembly tree, action identification and segmentation, skill sequence formulation, and robot movement mapping and optimization are included. The encouraging results in the final experiments with LEGO blocks in RobotStudio™, an industrial robot simulation environment from ABB, verify the feasibility of the proposed PbD solution.
Quantification and localization of phosphorylated myosin I isoforms in Acanthamoeba castellanii

The actin-activated Mg(2+)-ATPase activities of the three myosin I isoforms in Acanthamoeba castellanii are significantly expressed only after phosphorylation of a single site in the myosin I heavy chain. Synthetic phosphorylated and unphosphorylated peptides corresponding to the phosphorylation site sequences, which differ for the three myosin I isoforms, were used to raise isoform-specific antibodies that recognized only the phosphorylated myosin I or the total myosin I isoform (phosphorylated and unphosphorylated), respectively. With these antisera, the amounts of total and phosphorylated isoform were quantified, the phosphomyosin I isoforms localized, and the compartmental distribution of the phosphomyosin isoforms determined. Myosin IA, which was almost entirely in the actin-rich cortex, was 70- 100% phosphorylated and particularly enriched under phagocytic cups. Myosins IB and IC were predominantly associated with plasma membranes and large vacuole membranes, where they were only 10-20% phosphorylated, whereas cytoplasmic myosins IB and IC, like cytoplasmic myosin IA, were mostly phosphorylated (60-100%). Moreover, phosphomyosin IB was concentrated in actively motile regions of the plasma membrane. More than 20-fold more phosphomyosin IC and 10-fold more F-actin were associated with the membranes of contracting contractile vacuoles (CV) than of filling CVs. As the total amount of CV-associated myosin IC remained constant, it must be phosphorylated at the start of CV contraction. These data extend previous proposals for the specific functions of myosin I isozymes in Acanthamoeba (Baines, I.C., H. Brzeska, and E.D. Korn. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 119: 1193-1203): phosphomyosin IA in phagocytosis, phosphomyosin IB in phagocytosis and pinocytosis, and phosphomyosin IC in contraction of the CV.
Free space optics in different (civil and military) application scenarios in combination with other wireless technologies

In this paper Free Space Optics (FSO) in combination with other wireless technologies (including WLAN and satellite communications in civil-military-cooperation (CIMIC)) is presented. At first modular communication systems are shown, which allows worldwide access to the Internet or other networks by combining satellite communications, FSO, Wireless LAN, Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) and DVB-T (terrestrial digital video broadcast). Wireless LAN offers connectivity to mobile users in a network cell, Free Space Optics allows quick installation of broadband fixed wireless links instead of cables and satellite communications provides a backbone between distant locations in the world. DVB-T is the current video broadcast standard (instead of former analogue TV) and will also be used for Internet-access (see project SEE TV-WEB). Different scenarios (and results) using modular wireless technologies are shown. Free Space Optics and wireless applications (including satellite) installed at a civil-military exercise in Styria (southern part of Austria) and other application scenarios are presented. In this civil-military cooperation a mobile satellite earth station (equipped with FSO and Wireless LAN) was used for videoconferencing between military and civil organizations. Applications with DVB-T will supplement a few scenarios in combining wireless technologies with FSO.
An Open-architecture Robot Controller applied to Interaction Tasks

Many current robotic applications are limited by the industry state of art of the manipulators control algorithms. The inclusion of force and vision feedbacks, the possibility of cooperation between two or more manipulators, the control of robots with irregular topology will certainly enlarge the industrial robotics applications. The development of control algorithms to this end brings the necessity of using open-architecture controllers. Generally the robotic controllers are developed for position control, without accomplishing integrally the requirements of tasks in which interactions with the environment occur. Therefore, this is currently one of the main research areas in robotics, e.g., in (Abele et al., 2007) is presented the identification of characteristics to an industrial robot to execute machining applications. To consider this interaction the robot controller has to give priority to the force control time response, because in the instant of end-effectors contact with the surface, several forces act on the system. Depending on the speeds and the accelerations involved in the process, damages or errors can occur. To avoid these effects, compliances are inserted in tool or in surface of operation. A new reference model for a control system functional architecture applied to openarchitecture robot controllers is presented. Where, this model is applied for integrally development of a five-layer based open-architecture robotic controller for interaction tasks, which uses parallel and distributed processing techniques, avoiding the necessity of compliance in system, allowing a real-time processing of the application and the total control of information. This architecture provides flexibility, the knowledge of all the control structures and allows the user to modify all controller layers. The used controller conception aims to fulfill with the following requirements: high capacity of processing, low cost, connectivity with other systems, availability for the remote access, easiness of maintenance, flexibility in the implementation, integration with a personal computer and programming in high level. 5
Livestock census in Africa as a vital tool for livestock disease surveillance and control

92% of the 38 responding countries conduct livestock census, of which 18 follow scheduled programmes. Of the 15 countries that have an ad hoc programme, only 8 have legislation supporting livestock census either within the veterinary services, the central statistics authority or to a limited extent within the Ministry of Livestock/Agriculture. There was no apparent relationship between absence of legislation, failure to collect tax on livestock (67%) and the frequency to conduct census. The responsibilities to develop census methods, conduct the actual census, and archiving the information was equally shared between the central statistics authorities and veterinary services. The public veterinarians and veterinary paraprofessionals were engaged in 49% of the countries, but private sector and owner declarations were accepted in a significant number of countries. Assessing available livestock resources, determining distributions and densities and having information available for national disease control programmes were ranked top by 83% to 60% of the countries. 71% of the countries always applied census information in animal health decision making, particularly for designing disease surveillance and vaccination programmes. Livestock identification was largely not linked to census programmes but 51% of the 35 countries took opportunity of national population census/ agricultural survey and animal health programmes to conduct livestock census. This provided an opportunity to the animal health professionals to assess sanitary status of livestock during these surveys. Cultural and farmer reluctance to divulge their livestock numbers was the biggest challenge identified in 17 countries. Transhumance, nomadism and constantly moving pastoralists presented challenges to enumerators in addition to the accessibility of remote areas.
A bihemispheric autonomic model for traumatic stress effects on health and behavior

A bihemispheric autonomic model (BHAM) may support advanced understanding of traumatic stress effects on physiology and behavior. The model builds on established data showing hemispheric lateralization in management of the autonomic nervous system, and proposes that traumatic stress can produce dominant asymmetry in activity of bilateral homologous brain regions responsible for autonomic management. Rightward and leftward dominant asymmetries are associated with sympathetic high arousal or parasympathetic freeze tendencies, respectively, and return to relative symmetry is associated with improved autonomic regulation. Autonomic auto-calibration for recovery (inverse of Jacksonian dissolution proposed by polyvagal theory) has implications for risk behaviors associated with traumatic life stress. Trauma-induced high arousal may be associated with risk for maladaptive behaviors to attenuate arousal (including abuse of alcohol or sedative-hypnotics). Trauma-induced freeze mode (including callous-unemotional trait) may be associated with low resting heart rate and risk for conduct disorders. The model may explain higher prevalence of leftward hemispheric abnormalities reported in studies of violence. Implications of the BHAM are illustrated through case examples of a military special operations officer with history of traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder, and a university student with persisting post-concussion symptoms. Both undertook use of a noninvasive closed-loop neurotechnology – high-resolution, relational, resonance-based, electroencephalic mirroring – with ensuing decrease in hemispheric asymmetry, improvement in heart rate variability, and symptom reduction. Finally, the BHAM aligns with calls for researchers to use brain-behavioral constructs (research domain criteria or RDoC, proposed by the National Institutes of Mental Health) as building blocks for assessment and intervention in mental health science.
Constant Time Stereo Matching

Typically, local methods for stereo matching are fast but have relatively low degree of accuracy while global ones, though costly, achieve a higher degree of accuracy in retrieving disparity information. Recently, however, some local methods such as those based on segmentation or adaptive weights are suggested to possibly achieve more accuracy than global ones in retrieving disparity information. The problem for these newly suggested local methods is that they cannot be easily adopted since they may require more computational costs which increase in proportion to the window size they use. To reduce the computational costs, therefore, we propose in this paper the stereo matching method that use domain weight and range weight similar to those in the bilateral filter. Our proposed method shows constant time O(1) for the stereo matching. Our experiments spend constant time for computation regardless of the window size but our experimental results show that the accuracy of generated depth map is as good as the ones suggested by recent methods.
Best Practices and Recommendations for Digital Interventions to Improve Engagement and Adherence in Chronic Illness Sufferers

Chronic illnesses cause considerable burden in quality of life, often leading to physical, psychological, and social dysfunctioning of the sufferers and their family. There is a growing need for flexible provision of home-based psychological services to increase reach even for traditionally underserved chronic illness sufferer populations. Digital interventions can fulfill this role and provide a range of psychological services to improve functioning. Despite the potential of digital interventions, concerns remain regarding users’ engagement, as low engagement is associated with low adherence rates, high attrition, and suboptimal exposure to the intervention. Human–computer interaction (e.g., theoretical models of persuasive system design, gamification, tailoring, and supportive accountability) and user characteristics (e.g., gender, age, computer literacy) are the main identified culprits contributing to engagement and adherence difficulties. To date, there have not been any clear and concise recommendations for improved utilization and engagement in digital interventions. This paper provides an overview of user engagement factors and proposes research informed recommendations for engagement and adherence planning in digital intervention development. The recommendations were derived from the literature and consensualized by expert members of the European Federation of Psychology Associations, Psychology and Health Standing Committee, and e-Health Task Force. These recommendations serve as a starting point for researchers and clinicians interested in the digitalized health field and promote effective planning for engagement when developing digital interventions with the potential to maximize adherence and optimal exposure in the treatment of chronic health conditions.