Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outlook for development of a scintielectron detector with improved energy resolution

The development prospects have been considered of a scintillator-photodiode type detector with improved energy resolution attaining several per cent ($R=1-2%$). The main contributions to the scintielectron detector energy resolution have been analyzed theoretically and their theoretical and physical limits determined. Experimental data have been presented on properties of scintillators of promise confirming the possibilities to minimize each of the resolution components. New ways are proposed to optimize the detector statistical contribution and the scintillator intrinsic resolution. A special role of the latter is outlined as the critical factor for the spectrometric possibilities (threshold) of scintillation-photodiode type detector with improved energy resolution at energy values $E_{\gamma}$ from $662 keV$ to $10 MeV$.
A STUDY OF THE PIONEER ANOMALY: NEW DATA AND OBJECTIVES FOR NEW INVESTIGATION

The Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. However, their radiometric tracking data has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue shift, uniformly changing with a rate of ~6 × 10-9 Hz/s and can be interpreted as a constant sunward acceleration of each particular spacecraft of aP = (8.74±1.33) × 10-10 m/s 2 (or, alternatively, a time acceleration of at = (2.92±0.44) × 10-18 s/s 2). This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained. We discuss the current state of the efforts to retrieve the entire data sets of the Pioneer 10 and 11 radiometric Doppler data. We also report on the availability of recently recovered telemetry files that may be used to reconstruct the engineering history of both spacecraft using original project documentation and newly developed software tools. We discuss possible ways to further investigate the discovered effect using these telemetry files in conjunction with the analysis of the much extended Pioneer Doppler data. In preparation for this new upcoming investigation, we summarize the current knowledge of the Pioneer anomaly and review some of the mechanisms proposed for its explanation. We emphasize the main objectives of this new study, namely (i) analysis of the early data that could yield the true direction of the anomaly and thus, its origin, (ii) analysis of planetary encounters, which should say more about the onset of the anomaly (e.g. Pioneer 11's Saturn flyby), (iii) analysis of the entire dataset, which should lead to a better determination of the temporal behavior of the anomaly, (iv) comparative analysis of individual anomalous accelerations for the two Pioneers with the data taken from similar heliocentric distances, (v) the detailed study of on-board systematics, and (vi) development of a thermal-electric-dynamical model using on-board telemetry. The outlined strategy may allow for a higher accuracy solution for the anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer spacecraft and, possibly, will lead to an unambiguous determination of the origin of the Pioneer anomaly.
The Collaborative Lecture Annotation System (CLAS): A New TOOL for Distributed Learning

In the context of a lecture, the capacity to readily recognize and synthesize key concepts is crucial for comprehension and overall educational performance. In this paper, we introduce a tool, the Collaborative Lecture Annotation System (CLAS), which has been developed to make the extraction of important information a more collaborative and engaged process. The system relies on semantically constrained annotation, postannotation data amalgamation and transparent display of this amalgamated data. In addition to describing the CLAS, we report on a user experience study aimed at investigating students' perception of the utility of the tool.
New normal limits for the paediatric electrocardiogram.

AIMS Previous studies that determined the normal limits for the paediatric ECG had their imperfections: ECGs were recorded at a relatively low sampling rate, ECG measurements were conducted manually, or normal limits were presented for only a limited set of parameters. The aim of this study was to establish an up-to-date and complete set of clinically relevant normal limits for the paediatric ECG. METHODS AND RESULTS ECGs from 1912 healthy Dutch children (age 11 days to 16 years) were recorded at a sampling rate of 1200 Hz. The digitally stored ECGs were analysed using a well-validated ECG computer program. The normal limits of all clinically relevant ECG measurements were determined for nine age groups. Clinically significant differences were shown to exist, compared with previously established normal limits. Sex differences could be demonstrated for QRS duration and several amplitude measurements. CONCLUSIONS These new normal limits differ substantially from those commonly used and suggest that diagnostic criteria for the paediatric ECG should be adjusted.
TCP DCC: Delaying Congestion Control Based on Packet Loss for Wireless Networks1

The existing wireless TCP achieves efficiency over wireless networks, but on the other hand sacrifices friendliness with legacy TCP. In this paper, we propose a new wireless TCP, TCP Delayed Congestion Control (TCP DCC). The main idea here is to simply use the number of packet losses to determine the congestion window size which meets friendliness and efficiency simultaneously. This paper also uses simulations to show the benefits of our proposed wireless TCP.
Request success rate of multipathing I/O with a paired storage controller

The success probability of I/O requests in presence of failures is increased by a combination of failover mechanisms built into the storage server, multiple access paths from I/O clients to the server, and timeout-retry mechanisms at the client itself. We define and evaluate a unified availability metric, request failures per million (RFPM), which quantifies request failure probability while taking into account client-side as well as server-side mechanisms. We calculate this metric using a two-level model of I/O service - a probability tree that captures the I/O driver behaviour, and a set of CTMC (Continuous Time Markov Chain) models that capture failover mechanisms at the server. The I/O driver model captures detailed timeout-retry mechanisms including retries at multiple ports (“multipathing”). The server model captures transient phenomena such as failure detection, takeover and emulation behaviour of a paired storage controller. The model shows that client retry mechanisms provide significant improvement in request success probability. The model is then used to study the sensitivity of RFPMs to parameters such as timeouts, reboot time and failure detection delay. The results show that the model can help in answering several what-if questions related to how system parameters impact request success rate.
Audio fingerprinting to identify TV commercial advertisement in real-noisy environment

This paper proposes a high-performance audio fingerprint extraction method for identifying TV commercial advertisement. In the proposed method, a salient audio peak pair fingerprints based on constant Q transform (CQT) are hashed and stored, to be efficiently compared to one another. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method is quite robust in different noise conditions and improves the accuracy of the audio fingerprinting system in real noisy environments.
A modular approach for exploring the semantic structure of technical document collections

The identification and analysis of an enterprise's knowledge available in a documented form is a key element of knowledge management. Visual methods which allow easy access to a document collection's contents are an enabling technology. However, no single information retrieval technique is likely to adequately deal with such tasks independent of the specific situation. In this paper, we therefore present a visualization technique based on a modular approach that allows a variety of techniques from semantic document analysis to be used in the visualization of the structure of technical document collections.
High-resolution vehicle telemetry via heterogeneous IVC

Backend services enable the large-scale aggregation of vehicle data. This Floating Car Data (FCD) can be used to detect traffic disturbances. Although today's vehicles are able to determine their position on a per-lane level, FCD is typically only used on a per-street level granularity. In this paper, we show that using the fleet-data from one Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) alone as the database (i. e., on a backend) is not sufficient to detect lane-level traffic phenomena, independent from the accuracy of the vehicle localization. We thus present a high-resolution telemetry service based on heterogeneous Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC). We introduce a holistic IVC simulation framework which we make publicly available and use it to experimentally verify the proposed telemetry service. Results show a significant leverage of IVC on both the resolution of FCD and the accuracy of detecting lane-level traffic phenomena.
Mutual Message Authentication Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Department of Electronic Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Abstract. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are through the distribution of sensor nodes in different locations to monitor environmental conditions. The collected data from sensor nodes were sent back to the base station for further analysis and processing. The protection of data confidentiality is the most critical requirements for the ubiquitous use of WSNs in various environments. This requires a secure and lightweight user authentication and access control. Symmetric key based access control is not suitable for WSNs due to dynamic network topology, mobility, and stringent resource constraints. In this paper, we propose a secure, lightweight mutual authentication scheme, based on XOR operation generating a cover-coded pad function to protect the data. It can authenticate to an accessed node (a gateway node or sensor node) and vice versa. This is to ensure that data transmission is not exposed to an unauthorized person. On the other hand, it ensures that data sent to gateway/sensor did not originate from a malicious node. Simulation and hardware implementation results are presented to show advantages of the proposed scheme.
Design and Analysis of High-Frequency Oscillators in 180 nm CMOS

Previous implementations of high frequency oscillators have used either Si-Ge or III-V compound due to the low fmax exhibited in standard CMOS processes. This paper presents and analyzes two commonly used techniques for achieving oscillations above fmax. In addition this paper presents a differential push-push oscillator which is capable of providing a differential output at a frequency above fmax.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Atmospheric New Particle Formation: Real and Apparent Growth of Neutral and Charged Particles

In this study we have provided simple analytical formulae to estimate the growth rate of a nucleation mode due to self-coagulation and the apparent growth rate due to coagulation scavenging by larger particles. These formulae were used on a set of simulations covering a wide range of atmospheric conditions. The modal growth rates were determined from the simulation results by summing the contribution of each process, by calculating the increase rate in the count mean diameter of the mode and by following the peak concentration of the mode. The results of these three methods were compared with each other and the means used to estimate the growth rate due to self-coagulation and coagu-lation scavenging were found to give accurate values. We also investigated the role of charged particles and electric interactions in the growth of a nucleation mode. Charged particles were found to increase the growth rate due to both self-coagulation and coagulation scavenging by a factor of ∼1.5 to 2. In case of increased condensation onto charged particles, the total condensational growth rate of a nucleation mode may increase significantly in the very early steps of the growth. The analytical formulae provided by this paper were designed to provide the growth rates due to different processes from aerosol dynamic simulations, but the same principles can be used to determine the growth rates from measurement data.
A Six-Dimensional Hyperchaotic System Selection and Its Application in DS-CDMA System

In this paper, we analyze the hyperchaotic properties of cellular neural network (CNN) systems based on Lyapunov exponents. A four-step algorithm for selecting the hyperchaotic system is proposed. Firstly, calculate the maximum absolute value of time sequences, which is one of the properties of chaotic system, noted as boundedness. Secondly, check another property of chaotic system: sensitive dependence on the initial conditions. Several systems can be identified as non-chaotic systems through above two steps, which saves lots of time to calculate the Lyapunov exponents. Then, calculate the Lyapunov exponents. If the largest Lyapunov exponent is negative, the system is identified as non-chaotic system. Finally, determine the given system is chaotic or not by the strange attractors and the time sequences. The binary hyperchaotic spread spectrum sequences can be generated by a six- dimensional CNN system. Some of the binary hyperchaotic sequences can be used in a direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system after selecting through a special rule. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the six-dimensional CNN hyperchaotic sequences, compared with the m-sequence and second-order Chebyshev polynomial function.
Childhood aerobic fitness predicts cognitive performance one year later

Abstract Aerobically fit children outperform less fit peers on cognitive control challenges that involve inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. The aim of this study was to determine whether, compared with less fit children, more fit 9- and 10-year-old pre-adolescents exhibit superior performance on a modified compatible and incompatible flanker task of cognitive control at the initial time of fitness testing and approximately one year later. We found that more fit children demonstrated increased flanker accuracy at both test sessions, coupled with a superior ability to flexibly allocate strategies during task conditions that required different amounts of cognitive control, relative to less fit children. More fit children also gained a speed benefit at follow-up testing. Structural MRI data were also collected to investigate the relationship between basal ganglia volume and task performance. Bilateral putamen volumes of the dorsal striatum and globus pallidus volumes predicted flanker performance at initial and follow-up testing one year later. The present findings suggest that childhood aerobic fitness and basal ganglia volumes relate to cognitive control at the time of fitness testing and may play a role in cognitive performance in the future. We hope that this research will encourage public health and educational changes that will promote a physically active lifestyle in children.
A CPW-Fed Triple-Band Planar Monopole Antenna for Internet of Things Applications

A coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed triple-band antenna formed by a rectangular monopole with open wide slot and a asymmetric C-shaped strip with folded stub is presented. The antenna is successfully fabricated and measured. The measurement results are coordinated with simulation well. The proposed antenna has three resonant frequency bands, the first range from 1.38 to 1.48 GHz, the second from 1.75 to 4.2 GHz, and the third from 5.04 to 6.0GHz, which covers all the WLAN/ GSM /LTE/DAB L-band/WiMAX bands. It is suitable for future internet of things devices with its impedance triple-band characters. The different reflection coefficient characters of three prototypes and proposed antenna, the impact of impedance character with various width of the asymmetric C-shaped strip, the radiation pattern of measurement and simulation, are plotted and discussed.
Direct ultrasensitive electrical detection of DNA and DNA sequence variations using nanowire nanosensors

The development of electrically addressable, label-free detectors for DNA and other biological macromolecules has the potential to impact basic biological research as well as screening in medical and bioterrorism applications. Here we report two-terminal silicon nanowire electronic devices that function as ultrasensitive and selective detectors of DNA. The surfaces of the silicon nanowire devices were modified with peptide nucleic acid receptors designed to recognize wild type versus the ΔF508 mutation site in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor gene. Conductance measurements made while sequentially introducing wild type or mutant DNA samples exhibit a time-dependent conductance increase consistent with the PNA−DNA hybridization and enabled identification of fully complementary versus mismatched DNA samples. Concentration-dependent measurements show that detection can be carried out to at least the tens of femtomolar range. This nanowire-based approach represents a step forward for direct, label-fr.
Bloom formation in heterocystic nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria: The dependence on colony size and zooplankton grazing

The success of filamentous nitrogen (N)‐fixing cyanobacteria in productive, transiently N‐limited freshwaters reflects, in large part, their ability to produce and sustain the activities of specialized N‐fixing heterocyst cells. Heterocyst production is variable, and the responses of planktonic cyanobacterial blooms to N limitation differ markedly among systems. Temporal variations in cyanobacteria colony size may determine both heterocyst production and sensitivity to top‐down control by zooplankton grazers. We promoted the development of cyanobacterial blooms through phosphorus additions and trophic manipulations in freshwater ponds, to test the role of colony size structure in regulating N‐fixer bloom development. The in situ growth and heterocyst production of Anabaena spp. were strongly linked to variations in colonial filament size. Anabaena spp. initially recruited to the water column as short and poorly heterocysted filaments, exhibiting low (mean = 0.09 d−1) rates of population growth. The growth rate increased by more than fourfold (mean = 0.39 d−1) with the onset of colony elongation and heterocyst production, which resulted in rapid seasonal build‐ups of cyanobacterial cells (>105 cells ml−1). Size‐dependent growth was also important in determining the outcome of zooplankton‐cyanobacteria interactions. In microcosm experiments, zooplankton consumers directly grazed on Anabaena spp. colonies, reduced the mean filament size, and reduced the efficiency with which heterocysts fixed nitrogen. These results suggest that colony size is a fundamental mechanism that link cellular physiological constraints to variations in trophic controls and the responses of aquatic systems to N limitation.
Glyphosate and Its Degradation Product AMPA Occur Frequently and Widely in U.S. Soils, Surface Water, Groundwater, and Precipitation

Glyphosate use in the United States increased from less than 5,000 to more than 80,000 metric tons/yr between 1987 and 2007. Glyphosate is popular due to its ease of use on soybean, cotton, and corn crops that are genetically modified to tolerate it, utility in no‐till farming practices, utility in urban areas, and the perception that it has low toxicity and little mobility in the environment. This compilation is the largest and most comprehensive assessment of the environmental occurrence of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in the United States conducted to date, summarizing the results of 3,732 water and sediment and 1,018 quality assurance samples collected between 2001 and 2010 from 38 states. Results indicate that glyphosate and AMPA are usually detected together, mobile, and occur widely in the environment. Glyphosate was detected without AMPA in only 2.3% of samples, whereas AMPA was detected without glyphosate in 17.9% of samples. Glyphosate and AMPA were detected frequently in soils and sediment, ditches and drains, precipitation, rivers, and streams; and less frequently in lakes, ponds, and wetlands; soil water; and groundwater. Concentrations of glyphosate were below the levels of concern for humans or wildlife; however, pesticides are often detected in mixtures. Ecosystem effects of chronic low‐level exposures to pesticide mixtures are uncertain. The environmental health risk of low‐level detections of glyphosate, AMPA, and associated adjuvants and mixtures remain to be determined.
Energy Homeostasis Control in Drosophila Adipokinetic Hormone Mutants

Maintenance of biological functions under negative energy balance depends on mobilization of storage lipids and carbohydrates in animals. In mammals, glucagon and glucocorticoid signaling mobilizes energy reserves, whereas adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) play a homologous role in insects. Numerous studies based on AKH injections and correlative studies in a broad range of insect species established the view that AKH acts as master regulator of energy mobilization during development, reproduction, and stress. In contrast to AKH, the second peptide, which is processed from the Akh encoded prohormone [termed “adipokinetic hormone precursor-related peptide” (APRP)] is functionally orphan. APRP is discussed as ecdysiotropic hormone or as scaffold peptide during AKH prohormone processing. However, as in the case of AKH, final evidence for APRP functions requires genetic mutant analysis. Here we employed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering to create AKH and AKH plus APRP-specific mutants in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. Lack of APRP did not affect any of the tested steroid-dependent processes. Similarly, Drosophila AKH signaling is dispensable for ontogenesis, locomotion, oogenesis, and homeostasis of lipid or carbohydrate storage until up to the end of metamorphosis. During adulthood, however, AKH regulates body fat content and the hemolymph sugar level as well as nutritional and oxidative stress responses. Finally, we provide evidence for a negative autoregulatory loop in Akh gene regulation.
Performance Investigation of UCB Policy in Q-learning

In this paper, we investigated performance and usability of UCBQ algorithm proposed in previous research. This is the algorithm that UCB, which is one of bandit algorithms, is applied to Q-Learning, and can balance between exploitation and exploration. We confirmed in the previous research that it was able to realize effective learning in a partially observable Markov decision process by using a continuous state spaces shortest path problem. We numerically examined it by using a variety of simpler learning situation which is the 2 dimensional goal search problem in a Markov decision process, comparing to previous methods. As a result, we confirmed that it had a better performance than other methods.
Sketch-Based Shape Retrieval Using Orientation Histogram with Gabor Filters

Recently, the advances of 3D modeling and virtualizing technologies have led to an explosive increase in the number of 3D models. Therefore, many industrial applications are in urgent need of a 3D model retrieval engine. In this paper, we develop a retrieval system based on three-view sketches of models using a bank of Gabor filters for generating our local features. And the cosine similarity metric is used in the matching algorithm. For visualization purpose, we build a user-friendly interface. Taking some sketches as query inputs, our retrieval engine demonstrates its significant discrimination power.