Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFNS guidelines on management of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in sleep

In 2003, the EFNS Task Force was set up for putting forth guidelines for the management of the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and the Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD). After determining the objectives for management and the search strategy for primary and secondary RLS and for PLMD, a review of the scientific literature up to 2004 was performed for the drug classes and interventions employed in treatment (drugs acting on the adrenoreceptor, antiepileptic drugs, benzodiazepines/hypnotics, dopaminergic agents, opioids, other treatments). Previous guidelines were consulted. All trials were analysed according to class of evidence, and recommendations formed according to the 2004 EFNS criteria for rating. Dopaminergic agents came out as having the best evidence for efficacy in primary RLS. Reported adverse events were usually mild and reversible; augmentation was a feature with dopaminergic agents. No controlled trials were available for RLS in children and for RLS during pregnancy. The following level A recommendations can be offered: for primary RLS, cabergoline, gabapentin, pergolide, ropinirole, levodopa and rotigotine by transdermal delivery (the latter two for short‐term use) are effective in relieving the symptoms. Transdermal oestradiol is ineffective for PLMD.
Mind-Body, Body-Mind: Two Distinct Problems

The mind-body problem concerns the relationship between mind and body, or nowadays – between mind or consciousness and the brain. As a relationship, this can be viewed from two perspectives: from body to mind and from mind to body. In this note I point out that the two readings of the problem are not symmetrical and that there are categorical differences between them. In particular, whereas the body to mind problem constitutes a mystery (cf. the contemporary hard problem), the mind to body problem may be approached from a psychological (as contrasted with philosophical) orientation that allows for concrete phenomenological investigation.
Is growth obsolete

A long decade ago economic growth was the reigning fashion of political economy. It was simultaneously the hottest subject of economic theory and research, a slogan eagerly claimed by politicians of all stripes, and a serious objective of the policies of governments. The climate of opinion has changed dramatically. Disillusioned critics indict both economic science and economic policy for blind obeisance to aggregate material "progress," and for neglect of its costly side effects. Growth, it is charged, distorts national priorities, worsens the distribution of income, and irreparably damages the environment. Paul Erlich speaks for a multitude when he says, "We must acquire a life style which has as its goal maximum freedom and happiness for the individual, not a maximum Gross National Product. " Growth was in an important sense a discovery of economics after the Second World War. Of course economic development has always been the grand theme of historically minded scholars of large mind and bold concept, notably Marx, Schumpeter, Kuznets. But the mainstream of economic analysis was not comfortable with phenomena of change and progress. The stationary state was the long-run equilibrium of classical and neoclassical theory, and comparison of alternative static equilibriums was the most powerful theoretical tool. Technological change and population increase were most readily accommodated as one-time exogenous shocks; comparative static analysis could be used to tell how they altered the equilibrium of the system. The obvious fact that these "shocks" were occurring continuously, never allowing the
The Question of Legitixnation: A Response to Eric Hoyle

There are, for example, several interesting anthropological studies of micropolitics in the community (Boissevain, 1974), and F. G. Bailey (1977) demonstrates the analytical value of anthropological concepts in his study of universities. Baldridge (1971) proposes a new political paradigm which might be seen as a direct if rather naive attempt to place micropolitics at the centre of organisational studies. And yet I believe Professor Hoyle is right, from the perspective of this Conference and this Society, to conduct his review from a firm baseline within the established intellectual traditions and theories of organisations. It will not serve our best interests to move off at a tangent abandoning previous work. ’
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate, a Key Cell Signaling Molecule*

The bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), 1 formed by phosphorylation of sphingosine catalyzed by sphingosine kinase (Fig. 1), is an important lipid mediator that has been implicated in many biological processes. S1P has been de-tected in organisms as diverse as plants, yeast, worms, flies, and mammals. More than a decade has elapsed since it was first suggested that S1P can regulate cell growth (1). Because it has mul- tiple actions and regulates many processes, only relatively recently have we begun to make major progress in unraveling its pleiotropic actions following the cloning of the enzymes that regulate its levels and identification of its specific cell surface receptors. Much still remains to be uncovered, and its name, derived from the riddle of the mysterious sphinx, remains appropriate for this enigmatic lipid. ,
Modèles graphiques décomposables pour la décision individuelle et collective. (Decomposable graphical models for individual and collective decision)

Cette these porte sur l'utilisation des GAI-Nets, un modele graphique pour la representation compacte de preferences, pour atteindre des fonctionnalites propres a un systeme de recommandation dans le cadre ou l'espace d'alternatives a une structure combinatoire de grande taille. Typiquement, les systemes de recommandation sur le Web utilisent des techniques bien adaptees au conseil d'articles fortement standardises, tels que les CDs et les DVDs, mais impraticables dans un cadre combinatoire. Par ailleurs, les systemes de recommandation pour le cadre combinatoire sont souvent fondes sur des modeles supposant une independance entre attributs qui assure la modelisation des preferences par une utilite additive. Les GAI-Nets permettent des interactions entre les attributs, etant ainsi plus generaux. Nos problematiques cles sont le choix et le rangement des kmeilleures alternatives. Nous etudions egalement le probleme de la recherche de solutions de compromis selon des criteres non-lineaires dans le cadre de la decision collective/multicritere, et aussi l'elicitation des GAI-Nets. Nous proposons des algorithmes adaptes a la resolution de tels problemes et, finalement, nous construisons une application Web pour appliquer les techniques developpees dans une situation decisionnelle concrete.
Gender matters in the satir growth model

This article reports research findings regarding ways in which Virginia Satir incorporated attention to gender in her growth model of family therapy. Characteristics of a feminist-informed approach to therapy were used as a conceptual framework for the research. Findings yielded three themes which characterize ways Satir incorporated gender in the growth model: (1) by paying attention to the societal context; (2) by transforming gender-based power inequities; and (3) by transforming old learnings about gendered roles. Areas of convergence and divergence between characteristics of the Satir growth model and feminist-informed therapy are examined.
Education and training in ethical decision making: comparing context and orientation

Purpose – The purpose of his paper is to present a teaching methodology for improving the understanding of ethical decision making. This pedagogical approach is applicable in college courses and in corporate training programs.Design/methodology/approach – Participants are asked to analyze a set of eight ethical dilemmas with differing situational contingencies and to choose from among alternatives for handling the dilemma. Group discussion then focuses on a comparison of participants' choices relative to their personal ethical orientations as measured by a standardized self‐report instrument.Findings – The experiences of the authors with this methodology indicates that participants are able to gain a better understanding of the factors, both individual and situational, that frame an ethical dilemma. This methodology can also show how individuals can be influenced to make unethical choices based on the presence of certain contextual factors.Originality/value – This paper describes a novel instructional app.
Multichannel Weighted Speech Classification System for Prediction of Major Depression in Adolescents

Early identification of adolescents at high imminent risk for clinical depression could significantly reduce the burden of the disease. This study demonstrated that acoustic speech analysis and classification can be used to determine early signs of major depression in adolescents, up to two years before they meet clinical diagnostic criteria for the full-blown disorder. Individual contributions of four different types of acoustic parameters [prosodic, glottal, Teager's energy operator (TEO), and spectral] to depression-related changes of speech characteristics were examined. A new computational methodology for the early prediction of depression in adolescents was developed and tested. The novel aspect of this methodology is in the introduction of multichannel classification with a weighted decision procedure. It was observed that single-channel classification was effective in predicting depression with a desirable specificity-to-sensitivity ratio and accuracy higher than chance level only when using glottal or prosodic features. The best prediction performance was achieved with the new multichannel method, which used four features (prosodic, glottal, TEO, and spectral). In the case of the person-based approach with two sets of weights, the new multichannel method provided a high accuracy level of 73% and the sensitivity-to-specificity ratio of 79%/67% for predicting future depression.
Reciprocal longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and romantic partners’ synchronized view of relationship quality

Depressive symptoms are negatively associated with relationship satisfaction. The degree to which depression is associated longitudinally with relationship quality as assessed by both partners, versus with the depressed person’s unique view of the relationship, may have implications for interventions. Longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction were examined among 260 couples. Individual measures of relationship satisfaction were decomposed into dyadic relationship quality and each partner’s additional unique view of the relationship. Depressive symptoms and dyadic relationship quality predicted changes in each other, which suggested that the longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and relationship quality are not due to reporter biases or confounded by other individual factors, but rather that relationship quality and depressive symptoms affect each other over time.
Racial and Ethnic Heterogeneity in the Association Between Total Cholesterol and Pediatric Obesity

Total cholesterol (TC) directly correlates with overweight/obesity, but it remains unclear if this association varies by race and ethnicity. We assessed the association as well as the racial/ethnic heterogeneity in this relationship. Data on 63,863 children were assessed using electronic medical records between 2010 and 2011. A cross-sectional design was utilized with log-binomial regression model and chi-squared statistic to examine the data. Overall, abnormal total cholesterol (ATC) was 7.5% (4812). Significant racial variability in ATC was observed: Black/African American (AA) (7.4%), White (7.0%), Asian (5.1%) and some other race (SOR) children (11.3%), χ2 (5) = 141.5, p < 0.0001. Black/AA (34.7%) and SOR children (41.2%) were predominantly overweight/obese, unlike the Asian children, (25.8%), χ2 (5) = 324.6, p < 0.0001. The BMI percentile was highest among SOR (69.0 ± 28.6) and Black/AA children (65.2 ± 29.1), but lowest among Asian children (55.7 ± 31.5). A significant racial variability was also observed in weight, with the highest mean among Black/AA children (36.8kg ± 23.0) and the lowest among Asian children (28.7kg ± 16.8), f = 7.2, p < 0.001. Relative to normal TC, children with ATC were 2.6 times as likely to have abnormal BMI, relative risk (RR) =2.60, 99% CI, 2.54–2.68). Compared to non-Hispanic (RR = 2.62, 99% CI, 2.54–2.69), the risk was lower among Hispanics (RR = 2.34, 99%, 2.21–2.48). Among children with ATC, risk for abnormal BMI was highest among Asians, adjusted RR = 2.91, 99% CI, 2.34–3.62), intermediate among AA (ARR = 2.68, 99% CI, 2.59–2.77), but lowest among Whites (ARR = 2.40, 99% CI, 2.39–2.64), and SOR (ARR = 2.33, 99% CI, 2.19–2.50). In a large sample of children, total cholesterol directly correlates with BMI, with an observed racial and ethnic heterogeneity.
Apoptotic and antitumor activity of death receptor antibodies require inhibitory Fcγ receptor engagement

By virtue of their ability to induce apoptosis and regulate growth, differentiation, and cytokine responses, the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily members have emerged as attractive targets for anticancer therapeutics. Agonistic antibodies to apoptosis-inducing TNFRs, such as death receptor 5 (DR5), although displaying impressive activities against a variety of tumors in preclinical models, appear to be less active in clinical trials. We report that the in vivo apoptotic and antitumor activities of these antibodies have an absolute requirement for the coengagement of an inhibitory Fcγ receptor, FcγRIIB. Anti-DR5 antibodies of the type currently in clinical trials have weak FcγRIIB binding and thus are compromised in their proapoptotic and antitumor activities in both colon and breast carcinoma models. Enhancing FcγRIIB engagement increases apoptotic and antitumor potency. Our results demonstrate that Fc domain interactions are critical to the therapeutic activity of anti-DR5 antibodies and, together with previous reports on agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies, establish a common requirement for FcγRIIB coengagement for optimal biological effects of agonistic anti-TNFR antibodies.
Psychological understanding in 6–12 year old children

Abstract. — Psychological understanding in 150 children, 6, 8, and 12 years old, was studied by the following tasks: (1) Single affective perspective-taking, where the child had to name the emotion evoked in the main person by a described situation; (2) Double affective perspective-taking, where the child had to name the emotion ascrib-able to another person interacting with the main person, i.e. shift perspectives; (3) The child had to explain another person's behavior without any cues whatsoever; (4) The child had to explain another person's behavior and cues were provided. With very few exceptions, occurring mostly in the youngest group, the children answered with appropriate emotions in both the single and the double affective perspective-taking tasks. Explanations obtained in the task without cues were categorized according to criteria derived from Piaget's descriptions of cognitive development. The developmental differences found correspond well to differences in children's conceptions of the physical world. In the task with cues, the older children were found to take more cues into account and to be able to combine these more adequately than the younger.
Body Mass Index and Serum 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-Bis(p-Chlorophenyl)Ethane in Nulliparous Chinese Women

Background: Basic health indicators, such as body mass index (BMI), have been associated with serum 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane/1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDT/DDE) levels; however, both positive and inverse associations of BMI with serum DDT/DDE have been reported. Given the association of BMI with a number of outcomes, it may confound studies of DDT/DDE-associated health effects. We investigated the relationship of BMI with serum DDT/DDE accounting for other determinants of exposure among women with relatively recent environmental exposures to DDT. Methods: Serum DDT/DDE was analyzed in 466 nonsmoking, nulliparous women recruited from Anhui province in China between 1996 and 1998 as part of a reproductive health study of textile workers. The women in the sample were born between 1963 and 1977, 8 to 21 years before China's 1984 DDT ban. We used multivariate linear regression to investigate associations of BMI, age, and birth year with serum DDT/DDE. Results: Mean (SD) serum total DDT concentration was 32 ng/g (17.8 ng/g). Birth year showed an inverse relationship with serum DDT independent of age. Despite limited variability in BMI, there was a consistent inverse relationship between BMI and serum DDT. Specifically, each kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a −1.34 ng/g (95% confidence interval, −2.12 to −0.56 ng/g) decrease in serum total DDT. Conclusions: There were high total DDT levels in this sample of nulliparous Chinese women relative to Western populations, birth year was more strongly associated with serum DDT than age, and BMI was inversely related to serum DDT in this study.
Inferring Travel Motivation from Travelers' Experiences

Research concerning travel motivation has frequently assumed that tourists are both able and willing to articulate their travel needs. The present study adopts a different point of view by arguing that indirect inferences about travel motivation from tourists' actual experiences may provide fresh insights. Using nearly 400 travel episodes and employing a five-fold classification of travel motivation based on Maslow's analysis of needs, a wide range of travel experiences were accommodated successfully in the coding scheme. Results indicated that positive and negative tourist experiences were not the inverse of one another but highlighted different need structures. Further, it was demonstrated that there is a "motivational career in travel," with more experienced travelers reporting experiences containing more higher order needs. Female travelers also recorded slightly more self-actualization needs than men. It is argued that the tourist motivational literature could be well-served by this kind of indirect motivational coding scheme.
Analyzing Channel Capacity of MIMO Systems under Effect of Mutual Coupling

The role of electromagnetic inter-sensor coupling on the capacity of MIMO channels is investigated, in the case of circular arrays of monopoles. Both real arrays and artificial arrays with partially or totally suppressed coupling are compared, in order to understand the phenomena involved in the enhancement or the reduction of the capacity by coupling. The analysis performed in this paper allows separating the contributions of correlation of wave fields due to spatial variance, from that of coupled currents in the monopoles, or from array directivity, or from phase distortion.
The Resolution of the Gibbs Phenomenon for Fourier Spectral Methods

Fourier spectral methods have emerged as powerful computational techniques for the simulation of complex smooth physical phenomena. Their exponential convergence rate depends on the smoothness and periodicity of the function in the domain of interest. If the function has a discontinuity at even one point, the convergence rate deteriorates to first order and spurious oscillations develop near the discontinuities. This behavior is called the Gibbs phenomenon. The problems that characterize the Gibbs phenomenon are also inherent in Fourier spectral methods applied to partial differential equations with discontinuous solutions. Hence our goal is to present techniques that can significantly reduce the effects of the Gibbs phenomenon to ensure both high order convergence of the Fourier expansion and numerical stability and accuracy of the Fourier spectral method. In the last few decades, techniques have been developed to mitigate or even completely remove the Gibbs phenomenon in Fourier expansions of discontinuous functions, and there is increasing evidence that some of these methods enable the use of spectral methods for partial differential equations with discontinuous solutions, [1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43]. This chapter provides an overview of several recent developments in both reducing and overcoming the effects of the Gibbs phenomenon in Fourier expansions, [15, 25, 26, 29, 27, 28, 30, 31, 24, 38]. As a result, it is now possible to use Fourier spectral methods for simulating conservation laws with discontinuous solutions (see references above and [21, 37]). While our focus is on the applications of these techniques to Fourier spectral methods, many of the algorithms presented can also be applied to polynomial spectral methods. The purpose of this chapter is to offer a theoretical introduction, and we strongly encourage the reader to view the above citations for applications and other new developments in this area. Filtering is a classical tool for mitigating the effect of the Gibbs phenomenon in Fourier expansions. In Section 2 we discuss the use of filters in Fourier expansions of discontinuous functions. However, filtering does not completely remove the Gibbs phenomenon. To completely remove the Gibbs phenomenon, one can re-expand the function in a carefully chosen different basis. In Section 3 we describe the spectral reprojection method, which was introduced in [25] and further analyzed in [26, 29, 27, 28, 30, 31]. These two tools have been found to be useful in spectral methods for hyperbolic PDEs; filtering is used to stabilize the method [32, 34], and post-processing to recover
Data-Space Relocation to Improve Data Cache Performance for Embedded Multi-threaded Processor Systems

Multi-threaded processor execution is a design strategy for performance improvement and energy reduction. With the multi-threaded execution, the processor's idle time of one thread can be hidden by executing other threads so that the overall execution time can be reduced. One typical issue with the multi-threaded processor design is cache. Cache reduces long and power-consuming memory accesses, and has become an essential component in the modern processor system. However, multi-threaded execution can interfere the cache access behavior, potentially causing more cache misses and leading to degraded cache (hence system) performance. This paper presents an off-line thread data-space relocation approach to reduce such cache misses. The approach does not introduce any performance or hardware overhead. The experiments on a set of applications show that with our approach, an average of 13.47% data cache misses can be reduced, and 10.23% performance improvement and 10.91% energy saving can be achieved.