Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
on Urologic Imaging:

The ACR Committee on Appropriateness Criteria and its expert panels have developed criteria for determining appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosis and treatment of specified medical condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient’s clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Only those examinations generally used for evaluation of the patient’s condition are ranked. Other imaging studies necessary to evaluate other co-existent diseases or other medical consequences of this condition are not considered in this document. The availability of equipment or personnel may influence the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Imaging techniques classified as investigational by the FDA have not been considered in developing these criteria; however, study of new equipment and applications should be encouraged. The ultimate decision regarding the appropriateness of any specific radiologic examination or treatment must be made by the referring physician and radiologist in light of all the circumstances presented in an individual examination.
The Costs of Occupational Mobility

We estimate the costs of occupational mobility and quantify the relative importance of diﬀerences in task content as a component of total mobility costs. We use a novel approach based on a model of occupational choice which delivers a gravity equation linking worker ﬂows to occupation characteristics and transition costs. Using data from the Current Population Survey and the Dictionary of Occupational Titles we ﬁnd that task-speciﬁc costs account for no more than 15% of the total transition cost across most occupation pairs. Transition costs vary widely across occupations and, while increasing with the dissimilarity in the mix of tasks performed, are mostly accounted for by task-independent occupation-speciﬁc factors. The fraction of transition costs that can be attributed to task-related variables appears fairly stable over the 1994-2013 period.
Acute lung injury in children: Therapeutic practice and feasibility of international clinical trials*

Objectives: To describe mechanical ventilation strategies in acute lung injury and to estimate the number of eligible patients for clinical trials on mechanical ventilation management. In contrast to adult medicine, there are few clinical trials to guide mechanical ventilation management in children with acute lung injury. Design: A cross-sectional study for six 24-hr periods from June to November 2007. Setting: Fifty-nine pediatric intensive care units in 12 countries in North America and Europe. Patients: We identified children meeting acute lung injury criteria and collected detailed information on illness severity, mechanical ventilatory support, and use of adjunctive therapies. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Of 3823 patients screened, 414 (10.8%) were diagnosed with acute lung injury by their treating physician, but only 165 (4.3%) patients met prestablished inclusion/exclusion criteria to this trial and, therefore, would have been eligible for a clinical trial. Of these, 124 (75.2%) received conventional mechanical ventilation, 27 (16.4%) received high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and 14 (8.5%) received noninvasive mechanical ventilation. In the conventional mechanical ventilation group, 43.5% were ventilated in a pressure control mode with a mean tidal volume of 8.3 ± 3.3 mL/kg; and there was no clear relationship between positive end-expiratory pressure and Fio2 delivery in the conventional mechanical ventilation group. Use of adjunctive treatments, including nitric oxide, prone positioning, surfactant, hemofiltration, recruitment maneuvers, steroids, bronchodilators, and fluid restriction, was highly variable. Conclusions: Our study reveals inconsistent mechanical ventilation practice and use of adjunctive therapies in children with acute lung injury. Pediatric clinical trials assessing mechanical ventilation management are needed to generate evidence to optimize outcomes. We estimate that a large number of centers (∼60) are needed to conduct such trials; it is imperative, therefore, to bring about international collaboration.
Reinstatement of Andrena vernalis Mitchell (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) from synonymy with A. ziziae Robertson

Andrena ( Micrandrena ) ziziae Robertson, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) is a well-known species found in a variety of habitats in the eastern and central United States and adjacent southern Canada. Andrena ( Micrandrena ) vernalis Mitchell, 1960 was described from five female specimens in the eastern United States and was synonymized with A. ziziae by Ribble in 1968. Recently collected specimens from throughout Minnesota have revealed that A. ziziae sensu Ribble is actually two species, one of which matches A. verna-lis . Here, we reinstate A. vernalis as a valid species and describe the previously unknown male. We provide diagnostic characters that separate A. ziziae and A. vernalis , as well as data on the geographic range and floral preferences of both species in Minnesota. Andrena vernalis appears to be restricted to high-quality remnant habitats, making it a species of potential conservation concern. These changes will require that previous work on A. ziziae be revisited to determine if A. vernalis is also present.
Does the visual word form area split in bilingual readers? A millimeter-scale 7T fMRI study

In expert readers, a brain region known as the visual word form area (VWFA) is highly sensitive to written words, exhibiting a posterior-to-anterior gradient of increasing sensitivity to orthographic stimuli whose statistics match those of real words. Using high-resolution 7T fMRI, we ask whether, in bilingual readers, distinct cortical patches specialize for different languages. In 21 English-French bilinguals, unsmoothed 1.2 mm fMRI revealed that the VWFA is actually composed of several small cortical patches highly selective for reading, with a posterior-to-anterior word similarity gradient, but with near-complete overlap between the two languages. In 10 English-Chinese bilinguals, however, while most word-specific patches exhibited similar reading specificity and word-similarity gradients for reading in Chinese and English, additional patches responded specifically to Chinese writing and, surprisingly, to faces. Our results show that the acquisition of multiple writing systems can indeed tune the visual cortex differently in bilinguals, sometimes leading to the emergence of cortical patches specialized for a single language.
Seven Pillars for the Future of AI

—In recent years, AI research has showcased tremendous potential to impact positively humanity and society. Although AI frequently outperforms humans in tasks related to classiﬁcation and pattern recognition, it continues to face challenges when dealing with complex tasks such as intuitive decision-making, sense disambiguation, sarcasm detection, and narrative understanding, as these require advanced kinds of reasoning, e.g., commonsense reasoning and causal reasoning, which have not been emulated satisfactorily yet. To address these shortcomings, we propose seven pillars that we believe represent the key hallmark features for the future of AI, namely: Multidisciplinarity , Task Decomposition , Parallel Analogy , Symbol Grounding , Similarity Measure , Intention Awareness , and Trustworthiness .
‘Prescribing 6 -wk of running training using parameters from a self-paced maximal oxygen uptake protocol’

37 Purpose: The self-paced maximal oxygen uptake test (SPV) may offer effective 38 training prescription metrics for athletes. This study aimed to examine whether 39 SPV-derived data could be used for training prescription. Methods: Twenty-four 40 recreationally active male and female runners were randomly assigned between 41 two training groups: (1) Standardised (STND) and (2) Self-Paced (S-P). 42 Participants completed 4 running sessions a week using a global positioning 43 system-enabled (GPS) watch: 2 x interval sessions; 1 x recovery run; and 1 x 44 tempo run. STND had training prescribed via graded exercise test (GXT) data, 45 whereas S-P had training prescribed via SPV data. In STND, intervals were 46 prescribed as 6 x 60% of the time that velocity at V(cid:2118) O 2max ( v V(cid:2118) O 2max ) could be 47 maintained (T max ). In S-P, intervals were prescribed as 7 x 120 s at the mean 48 velocity of rating of perceived exertion 20 ( v RPE20). Both groups used 1:2 49 work:recovery ratio. Maximal oxygen uptake ( V(cid:2118) O 2max ), v V(cid:2118) O 2max , T max , v RPE20, 50 critical speed (CS), and lactate threshold (LT) were determined before and after 51 the 6-week training. Results: STND and S-P training significantly improved 52 V(cid:2118) O 2max by 4 ± 8% and 6 ± 6%, CS by 7 ± 7% and 3 ± 3%; LT by 5 ± 4% and 7 ± 53 8%, respectively (all P < 0.05), with no differences observed between groups. 54 Conclusions: Novel metrics obtained from the SPV can offer similar training 55 prescription and improvement in VO 2max , CS and LT compared to training derived 56 from a traditional GXT . 57 58
An in vitro bone tissue regeneration strategy combining chondrogenic and vascular priming enhances the mineralisation potential of MSCs in vitro whilst also allowing for vessel formation

Chondrogenic priming (CP) of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and co-culture of MSCs with Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial stem cells (HUVECs) has both been shown to significantly increase the potential for MSCs to undergo osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation in vitro and in vivo. Such strategies mimic cartilage template formation or vascularisation that occur during endochondral ossification during early fetal development. However, although both chondrogenesis and vascularisation are crucial precursors for bone formation by endochondral ossification, no in vitro bone tissue regeneration strategy has sought to incorporate both events simultaneously. The objective of this study is to develop an in vitro bone regeneration strategy that mimics critical aspects of the endochondral ossification process, specifically (1) the formation of a cartilage template and (2) subsequent vascularisation of this template. We initially prime the MSCs with chondrogenic growth factors, to ensure the production of a cartilage template, and subsequently implement a co-culture strategy involving MSC and HUVECs. Three experimental groups were compared; (1) Chondrogenic Priming for 21 days with no addition of cells; (2) Chondrogenic Priming for 21 days followed by co-culture of HUVECs (250,000 cells); (3) Chondrogenic Priming for 21 days followed by co-culture of HUVECs & MSCs (250,000 cells) at a ratio of 1:1. Each group was cultured for a further 21 days in osteogenic media after the initial CP period. Biochemical (DNA, Alkaline Phosphatase Activity, Calcium, and Vessel Endothelial Growth Factor) and histological analyses (Alcian Blue, Alizarin Red, CD31+, and Collagen type X) were performed 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the media switch. The results of this study show that CP provides a cartilage-like template that provides a suitable platform for HUVEC and MSC cells to attach, proliferate and infiltrate for up to 3 weeks. More importantly we show that the use of the co-culture methodology, rudimentary vessels are formed within this cartilage template and enhanced the mineralisation potential of
Lipid Proﬁle Changes During the Development of Artemia franciscana , From Cysts to the First Two Naupliar Stages

The brine shrimp Artemia is an interesting experimental system for studies of developmental processes. Hatching of dormant cysts gives rise to shrimp larvae called nauplii, characterized by numerous naupliar stages representing the ﬁrst forms of brine shrimp life cycle. Here combined Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analyses have been performed to gain information on the lipid proﬁles of cysts and two naupliar stages. Lipid bands isolated after preparative TLC of the lipid extracts have been analyzed to detect various species of each lipid class; in addition Post - Source Decay (PSD) analyses allowed the identiﬁcation of phospholipid chains. We compared the relative abundance of various polar and neutral lipid species in the lipid extracts, proving for the ﬁrst time that during the development of nauplii there is an increase of cardiolipin (CL) and lysophospholipid levels; in parallel, the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) decreases. In addition, as regards neutral lipids, we found an increase of diacylglycerols (DAGs) in correspondence of the decrease of triacylglycerols (TAGs). Data reﬂect the fact that naupliar stages, being an active form of life, are more metabolically active and offer a platform to develop further studies on the importance of lipid metabolic pathways and bioactive lipids during the development.
Trinity College Digital Repository Trinity College Digital Repository

Impaired adherence to medication regimens is a serious concern for individuals with schizophrenia linked to relapse and poorer outcomes. One possible reason for poor adherence to medication is poor ability to remember future intentions, labeled prospective memory skills. It has been demonstrated in several studies that individuals with schizophrenia have impairments in prospective memory that are linked to everyday life skills. However, there have been no studies, to our knowledge, examining the relationship of prospective memory to medication management skills, a key element of successful adherence. In this study 41 individuals with schizophrenia and 25 healthy adults were administered a standardized test battery that included measures of prospective memory, medication management skills, neurocognition and symptoms. Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated impairments in prospective memory (both time and event-based) relative to healthy controls. Performance on the test of prospective memory was correlated with the standardized measure of medication management in individuals with schizophrenia. Moreover, the test of prospective memory predicted skills in medication adherence even after measures of neurocognition were accounted for. This suggests that prospective memory may play a key role in medication management skills and thus should be a target of cognitive remediation programs.
Spontaneous generation, enhanced propagation and optical imprinting of quantized vortices and dark solitons in a polariton superfluid: Towards the control of quantum turbulence

In resonantly pumped polariton superfluids we recently explored a new regime based on the bistability of the polariton system to enhance the propagation of polariton fluids up to macroscopic distances. This technique together with an all-optical imprinting method allowed the generation and control of various topological excitations such as quantized vortices and dark solitons. The flexibility and scalability of the new experimental scheme opens the way to the systematic study of quantum turbulence in driven dissipative quantum fluids of light. In this article we review the main results and discuss the most promising future research directions.
Research on the preparation of colloidal photonic crystals and the anti-counterfeiting applications

Anti-counterfeiting materials based on colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) have been widely studied due to their inimitable structural color and adjustable photonic band gap (PBG). And the patterned colloidal photonic crystals have been well applied in the field of anti-counterfeiting because of their easy preparation, high performance, and functionalization. The methods for preparing patterned colloidal photonic crystals are outlined, including vertical deposition, spin coating, spraying, and inkjet printing techniques. In this paper, the applications of patterned photonic crystals in the anti-counterfeiting field and their advantages are discussed, the future development of patterned photonic crystals and the challenges they face are also prospected.
The role of subsoil properties for phosphorus leaching in agricultural soils

Phosphorus (P) leaching from agricultural land is a large contributor to eutrophication of many surface waters and the Baltic Sea. Better knowledge of P sorption and release in the subsoil could enable the development of effective mitigation strategies for P leaching. This thesis examined the impact of soil properties on P leaching from four Swedish agricultural soils (two clays, two sands), using intact soil columns extracted with (length 1.05 m) and without (length 0.77 m) topsoil. The role of the subsoil as a source or sink for P leaching was also investigated, and placement of quicklime (CaO) on top of the subsoil as a mitigation strategy for P leaching was evaluated. Leaching of dissolved reactive P (DRP) from subsoil lysimeters was 94% of that from full-length lysimeters in one of the clay soils, and 70% in the other. The higher contribution of the former clay subsoil was probably due to high P content deeper in the soil. Leaching of DRP was low from full-length and subsoil lysimeters (0.12 and 0.08 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively) in one of the sandy soils, despite high topsoil P content, due to high P sorption capacity and low degree of P saturation in the subsoil. However, leaching of DRP was very high from full-length and subsoil lysimeters (3.33 and 3.29 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively) from the other sandy soil with moderate topsoil P content, due to high P content and low P sorption capacity in the subsoil. These results indicate that the subsoil can function as both a source and sink for P leaching. Phosphorus leaching increased with increasing P content and DPS in subsoil and decreasing P sorption capacity in topsoil and subsoil, indicating that these parameters could be used for P leaching risk assessments. However, on soils with preferential flow in the subsoil, P leaching may be high despite high subsoil P sorption capacity. Hence, both chemical and physical properties of topsoil and subsoil must be considered in implementation of appropriate, cost-effective mitigation strategies for P loss reductions. Application of lime on top of the subsoil significantly reduced leaching of particulate P (PP) in both clay subsoils by 49 and 51%, respectively, compared with unlimed controls. This suggests that subsoil liming might be an appropriate method to reduce P leaching from clay soils.
Cambio climático en México y distribución potencial del grupo racial de maíz cónico* Climate Change in Mexico and potential distribution of racial groups conical maize

1Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias, Region Pacifico-Centro, Interior Parque Los Colomos s/n II Seccion, Colonia Providencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Tel. (33) 36 41 07 72. 2Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, poblado La Venta del Astillero, Zapopan, Jal. 3Unidad Academica de Agricultura. Universidad Autonoma de Nayarit. Carretera Tepic-Compostela, km 9. Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico. C. P. 63780. 4Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, carretera FresnilloZacatecas km 24.5, Calera de Victor Rosales C. P. 98500. 5Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Pabellon. Carretera Aguascalientes-Zacatecas, km 32.5. Pabellon de Arteaga, C. P. 20660. §Autor para correspondencia: arielcajeme@hotmail.com.
Drug classes affecting intracranial aneurysm risk: genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization

Background: There is no non-invasive treatment option to prevent aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) caused by intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. We aimed to identify drug classes that may affect liability to IA using a genetic approach. Methods: We obtained genome-wide association summary statistics for unruptured IA (N=2,140 cases), ASAH (N=5,140 cases), and the combined group (N=7,495 cases; N=71,934 controls in all groups), and drug usage from 23 drug classes (N up to 320,000) based on European-ancestry cohorts. We calculated genetic correlation between IA and ASAH, and liability to drug usage independent of the risk factor high blood pressure. Next, we evaluated the causality and therapeutic potential of independent correlated drug classes using three different Mendelian randomization frameworks. Results: Blood pressure-independent correlations with IA were found for antidepressants, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, opioids, beta-blockers, and peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease drugs. MR showed that the genetically predicted usage of none of these drug classes were causally related to IA. Genetically predicted high responders to antidepressant drugs were at higher risk of IA (odds ratio [OR]=1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.09-2.39, P=0.018) and ASAH (OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.07-2.65, P=0.024) if they used antidepressant drugs. This effect was absent in non-users. For beta-blockers, additional analyses showed that this effect was not independent of blood pressure after all. Genetic liability to chronic multisite pain, an indication for pain medication (paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, and opioids), was associated with increased IA risk (OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.24-2.14), but not consistently across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: We did not find drugs decreasing liability to IA and ASAH but did find that antidepressant drugs may increase liability. In addition, we observed pleiotropy between IA, chronic pain, and pain medication usage, but the driving factor for this pleiotropy remains to be determined. Our results help to better understanding pathogenic mechanisms underlying IA.