Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Noise Robustness of Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit

In this paper, the joint support recovery of several sparse signals whose supports exhibit similarities is examined. Each sparse signal is acquired using the same noisy linear measurement process, which returns fewer observations than the dimension of the sparse signals. The measurement noise is assumed additive, Gaussian, and admits different variances for each sparse signal that is measured. Using the theory of compressed sensing, the performance of simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP) is analyzed for the envisioned signal model. The cornerstone of this paper is a novel analysis method upper bounding the probability that SOMP recovers at least one incorrect entry of the joint support during a prescribed number of iterations. Furthermore, the probability of SOMP failing is investigated whenever the number of sparse signals being recovered simultaneously increases and tends to infinity. In particular, convincing observations and theoretical results suggest that SOMP committing no mistake in the noiseless case does not guarantee the absence of error in the noisy case whenever the number of acquired sparse signals scales to infinity. Finally, simulation results confirm the validity of the theoretical results.
Improved lossless coding algorithm in H.264/AVC based on hierarchical intra prediction

In this paper, an improved lossless intra prediction algorithm based on H.264/AVC framework is proposed. In the new algorithm, samples in a macroblock/block are hierarchically predicted, instead of using a block-based prediction as a whole. More specifically, four groups are extracted from the samples in the MB/block. Samples in the first group are firstly predicted based on directional intra prediction method, and then samples in other groups are predicted using the samples in the first group as the reference. As a result, the information left in the residual block can be reduced since the samples can be predicted accurately by using nearer references. Experimental results show that compared with other methods in the literature the proposed algorithm gives a much better compression performance with the lowest encoding complexity.
An Auction Algorithm for Shortest Paths

A new and simple algorithm for finding shortest paths in a directed graph is proposed. In the single origin-single destination case, the algorithm maintains a single path starting at the origin, which is extended or contracted by a single node at each iteration. Simultaneously, at most one dual variable is adjusted at each iteration so as to either improve or maintain the value of a dual function. For the case of multiple origins, the algorithm is well suited for parallel computation. It maintains multiple paths that can be extended or contracted in parallel by several processors that share the results of their computations. Based on experiments with randomly generated problems on a serial machine, the algorithm substantially outperforms its closest competitors for problems with few origins and a single destination. It also seems better suited for parallel computation than other shortest path algorithms.
Clinical scale ex vivo manufacture of neutrophils from hematopoietic progenitor cells

Dose‐intensive chemotherapy results in an obligatory period of severe neutropenia during which patients are at high risk of infection. While patient support with donor neutrophils is possible, this option is restricted due to donor availability and logistic complications. To overcome these problems, we explored the possibility of large scale ex vivo manufacture of neutrophils from hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). CD34+ HPC isolated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) were expanded in serum‐free medium supplemented with stem cell factor, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and a thrombopoietin peptide mimetic. After 15 days of cultivation a 5,800‐fold expansion in cell number was achieved for UCB, and up to 4,000‐fold for mPB, comprising 40% and 60% mature neutrophils respectively. Ex vivo expanded neutrophils exhibited respiratory burst activity similar to that for donor neutrophils, and were capable of killing Candida albicans in vitro. These yields correspond to a more than 10‐fold improvement over current methods, and are sufficient for the production of multiple neutrophil transfusion doses per HPC donation. To enable clinical scale manufacture, we adapted our protocol for use in a wave‐type bioreactor at a volume of 10 L. This is the first demonstration of a large scale bioprocess suitable for routine manufacture of a mature blood cell product from HPC, and could enable prophylactic neutrophil support for chemotherapy patients. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 832–840 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A clonal analysis of the IgE response and its implications with regard to isotope commitment

In a clonal analysis of the IgE response, it was found that a small proportion of primary or nonimmune B cells in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes can be stimulated by antigen to produce IgE-secreting clones. In addition, there appears to be no substantial difference in the frequency of such cells between the classical low and high IgE responder strains. An analysis of immune, or memory, B cells revealed substantial increases in the frequency of B cells secreting IgE as compared with primary B cells, although the actual proportion of B cells secreting IgE remained relatively low. When the IgE-secreting clones derived from either primary or secondary B cells were reanalyzed for the presence of other isotypes, it was found that all clones secreting IgE were secreting at least one other isotype, with the majority secreting two or three other isotypes in addition to IgE. This demonstrates that there is no distinct subpopulation of B cells committed to IgE expression per se.
When does the neurological basis of first and second language processing differ? Commentary on Indefrey

A large number of studies have been carried out over the last few years investigating whether the neurological representation of language differs between first (L1) and second (L2) language. In a recent review, Stowe and Sabourin (2005) concluded that both L1 and L2 typically activate the same areas, particularly the typical language areas (i.e., that there is no consistent qualitative difference between the neural architecture supporting processing of the two languages). The evidence suggested that this was so even when the L2 was learned relatively late. On the other hand, the extent and intensity of the activation quite frequently differed between the two languages, typically with increased activations for the L2. This was true for word paradigms, phonological processing, and sentence comprehension. This suggests, instead, a quantitative difference between the processing resources used by the two languages. Particularly, it suggests that L2 frequently cannot be processed as efficiently as L1, requiring more “work” from the same processing resources.
Wikibooks and Wikibookians: Loosely Coupled Community or a Choice for Future Textbooks?

This study was conducted to better understand Wikibookian apprenticeship and identity as well as the environment or community they operate in. Our initial study explored the basic demographics, purpose and goals, ownership, collaborative work experiences, successes and failures, and advantages and disadvantages of wikibooks. Those initial results revealed interesting issues related to the Wikibookian community and practices within the Wikibooks website. The survey data of this second of a two-part study suggested that while there is a unique sense of community among Wikibookians, most members work independently and without direct guidance or apprenticeship from other more experienced Wikibookians. We conclude that Wikibooks is not a social-networking site where people share profile pictures and make friends. Nevertheless, many Wikibookians do not have difficulties in communicating with other Wikibookians or in contributing to Wikibooks. In addition, this is an open educational environment where sharing knowledge is the primary goal.
A highly-ordered three-dimensional petal-like arrayed structure for highly surface-enhanced Raman scattering

This paper reports for the first time a novel highly-ordered three-dimensional (3D) petal-like arrayed structure (PLAS) which can serve as an ideal substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The structure is achieved by anisotropically etching a hexagonal close-packed silica nanoparticle (SNP) bilayer coated on a silicon substrate through evaporation-induced self-assembly, and then depositing a silver film. SERS experiments with excitation wavelength at 632.8 nm show that the SERS enhancement factor of the PLAS is 8 times higher than that of monolayer SNP arrays, and longer etching time, which changes the shape and interspace, thus hot spots of the structure, can achieve higher SERS enhancement factor.
A Trace Analysis Approach to Comprehend Features in Object-Oriented Effect Systems

Many object-oriented systems, such as CASE tools manipulated by GUIs and Java Servlet applications responding to requests from internet clients, are driven by external inputs. We call such systems objectoriented effect systems where effects in runtime system states implement features correctly. Effects comprehension is thus an integral part in feature comprehension for object-oriented effect systems. However, effects comprehension in object-oriented effect systems is difficult and requires maintainers a new analysis method with different viewpoint for ordinary feature comprehension. In this paper, we propose a trace analysis method that is based on a trace model, and provides an effect analysis principle and a deductive object-oriented relational language as an analysis tool.
Review of extant community-based epidemiologic studies on health effects of hazardous wastes.

At the request of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registries (ATSDR) and with support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). the National Research Council (NRC) convened the Committee on Environmental Epidemiology to suggest how to improve scientific bases for evaluating effects of environmental pollution on public health. Our first report reviewed the published literature on hazardous waste sites up to mid-1990 and considered findings in relation to the legislative mandates of EPA and ATSDR (NRC 1991). ATSDR was set up as a result ofthe Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, which also established Superfund to manage and ameliorate the effects of hazardous waste sites. The committee determined that application of this legislation in practice created a risk that public health is being imperiled. This risk results in part because much information collected under the Superfund program was used largely to manage hazardous waste sites but not to evaluate human exposure or to identify and ameliorate those exposures truly hazardous to human health (GAO 1991). Although billions of dollars have been spent on hydrogeologic-site characterization, few funds have been applied to develop ofan active public health program that would identify hazardous exposures and ameliorate their effects. Moreover, many relevant sources of human exposure from such sites have not been identified, so that no remedial action is possible for such exposures. In developing the second report of the Committee. we decided to identify important research opportunities and methodologic issues for the general field of environmental epidemiology. In addition. we plan to expand our previous literature review to include reports now becoming accessible regarding environmental contamination in eastern Europe. and reports from public health departments and court judgments that are not available in the general scientific literature but which we were able to access and refer to as "grey" literature (NRC 1991). In this paper, I draw on my experience as Chairman of the committee. concentrating especially on epidemiologic studies concerning hazardous waste sites (HWS), which the committee identified as relevant to our charge. However, this is not a complete review, for which the reader is referred to reports of the committee.
Measurement of Agonist-Dependent and -Independent Signal Initiation of (cid:1) 1b -Adrenoceptor Mutants by Direct Analysis of Guanine Nucleotide Exchange on the G Protein G (cid:1) 11

Immunoprecipitation of a fusion protein between the (cid:1) 1b -adre- noceptor and G (cid:1) 11 following a [ 35 S]GTP (cid:2) S [guanosine-5 (cid:1) - O -(3-thio)triphosphate] binding assay resulted in incorporation of low levels of nucleotide. The agonist phenylephrine increased incorporation some 30-fold. Agonist-induced binding repre- sented 1.0 mol of [ 35 S]GTP (cid:2) S/mol of fusion protein. This was to the G protein linked to the receptor rather than endogenous G (cid:1) q /G (cid:1) 11 as a fusion protein containing the (cid:1) 1b -adrenoceptor and a form of G (cid:1) 11 (G 208 A) unable to exchange guanine nucleotides effectively, bound [ 35 S]GTP (cid:2) S very poorly. Fusion proteins between A 293 E, D 142 A, and 3CAM mutants of the (cid:1) 1b adrenoceptor and G (cid:1) 11 bound substantially greater levels of [ 35 S]GTP (cid:2) S in the absence of agonist than the fusion incorpo-rating the wild-type receptor. Constitutive binding of the nucleotide induced by these mutants was only 20% of the level achieved by phenylephrine. These mutant receptors thus do not provide an accurate mimic of the agonist-occupied state. Phentolamine reduced the binding of [ 35 S]GTP (cid:2) S and acted as a partial inverse agonist for each of the constitutively active mutants. [ 35 S]GTP (cid:2) S binding to G (cid:1) 11 was elevated by phenylephrine in both wild-type and constitutively active mutant forms of the fusion proteins, but agonist potency and binding affinity were 50 times higher for the fusions containing the mutated receptors. These studies provide the first direct demonstration of the capacity of constitutively active mutants of a receptor to stimulate guanine nucleotide exchange on the (cid:1) subunit of a G q family G protein and defines a strategy potentially suitable for any receptor that couples to these G proteins. heterotrimeric protein
Focusing of Visuospatial Attention

Abstract In the present study we explored the focusing of visuospatial attention in subjects practicing and not practicing activities with high attentional demands. Similar to the studies of Castiello and Umilta (e. g., 1990), our experimental procedure was a variation of Posner's (1980) basic paradigm for exploring covert orienting of visuospatial attention. In a simple RT-task, a peripheral cue of varying size was presented unilaterally or bilaterally from a central fixation point and followed by a target at different stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs). The target could occur validly inside the cue or invalidly outside the cue with varying spatial relation to its boundary. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded to target stimuli under the different task conditions. RT and ERP findings showed converging aspects as well as dissociations. Electrophysiological results revealed an amplitude modulation of the ERPs in the early and late Nd time interval at both anterior an.
Hyperphagia in neonates withdrawing from methadone

AIMS To examine whether hyperphagia is a clinically significant problem in infants born to women receiving methadone maintenance. METHODS The volume of feeds, changes in infant body weight, as well as occurrence of adverse clinical effects in infants withdrawing from methadone were studied during the first month of life. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all infants at San Francisco General between 1992 and 1995, born to women receiving methadone maintenance during their pregnancy. Forty four infants were identified and the data obtained from hospital medical records. The daily oral intake of these infants was recorded during the first month of life. The incidence of hyperphagia (oral intake > 190 cc/kg/day) was measured. Associations between infant oral intake and maternal methadone dose were studied using correlation analysis as well as Anova for repeated measures. Adverse clinical symptoms were also recorded. A subset of premature infants was studied separately. RESULTS The incidence of hyperphagia was 26% by day 8 and 56% by day 16 of life in the infants. Hyperphagia was not associated with maternal methadone dose or with infant withdrawal scores. Infants who were hyperphagic lost significantly more weight during the first week of life than those who were not. Despite significantly greater intake, the hyperphagic infants did not gain weight more rapidly during the first month of life compared with those infants with lower oral intake. Infants who were hyperphagic (maximum intake of 290 cc/kg/day) did not experience increased vomiting, aspiration, diarrhoea, or abdominal distention. CONCLUSIONS Hyperphagia is commonly found in infants withdrawing from methadone and can be persistent in a significant number. Hyperphagia was not associated with either increased neonatal weight gain or with adverse gastrointestinal consequences. Hyperphagia may occur in infants withdrawing from methadone who have high metabolic demands due to clinical signs not controlled by opiate treatment.
The political socialization of Chicano elites: a generational approach.

This article rejects traditional explanations of elite socialization and suggests a generational model to explain the development of contemporary Chicano political elites. Previous studies of American elites show that preadult socialization has a significant effect on adult attitudes and that political elites tend disportionately to be raised within a rather economically and racially homogeneous narrow stratum of American society. To understand the political socialization of Chicano political elites requires a different type of model than may be appropriate for Anglo elites. A generational approach: 1) demands an understanding of prior generations so that they may be distinguished from new generations and 2) analyzes what the new generation shares in common and how that manifests itself attitudinally and behaviorally. Using data from 241 interviews of Chicanos representing the highest political officials as of 1980 this generational model is tested. Results show that Chicano elites do come from a different and lower socioeconomic stratum and overall have had fewer political role models in their families. Instead they become politically involved as a result of discriminatory experiences associated with their class background. More specifically discriminatory experiences are an important factor affecting the participatory motivations of respondents from low-status families but these experiences are relatively unimportant motivational sources for respondents from higher-status backgrounds. These results help persuade Chicano constituents that this new generation of leaders understands the Mexican American historical experience and became politically involved in order to change it.
Evidence for prostaglandin involvement in early luteal regression of the superovulated nanny goat (Capra hircus).

Feral does of various ages were treated with intravaginal progestagen sponges for 16 days to synchronize oestrus. On Day 2 before sponge removal the goats were given 1200 i.u. PMSG to induce superovulation: 6 of the goats were also injected every 12 h with flunixin meglumine, a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase inhibitor, from Day 3 to 7 of the synchronized oestrous cycle. Jugular blood samples were collected from all females into heparinized syringes at daily intervals over the 2 days before sponge removal, twice daily for the next 2 days, then at hourly intervals from 09:00 to 17:00 h for 2 days and then twice daily for a further 2 days, for measurement of plasma progesterone and the PGF metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF (PGFM) by radioimmunoassay. Intermittent surges in plasma PGFM concentrations were observed in hourly samples collected from 4/4 untreated females but in only 2/6 of the inhibitor-treated females (P less than 0.05), and the peak plasma PGFM concentrations were reduced in these 2 inhibitor-treated goats compared with the control goats. The corpora lutea (CL) of the inhibitor-treated females appeared to be functional as indicated by the plasma progesterone profile and endoscopic examination of CL. In the control females, however, there was evidence of premature regression of CL. These results suggest that the premature release of PGF-2 alpha may be the cause of premature regression of CL in nanny goats induced to superovulate.
Concurrent Load-Aware Adjustment of User Association and Antenna Tilts in Self-Organizing Radio Networks

Network operators expect a coordinated handling of parameter changes submitted to the operating network's configuration management entity by closed-loop self-organizing network (SON) techniques. For this reason, a major research goal for emerging SON technologies is to achieve coordinated results out of a plethora of independently or even concurrently running use-case implementations. In this paper, we extend current frameworks to compute desirable user associations by an interference model that explicitly takes base-station loads into account. With the aid of this model, we are able to make considerably more accurate estimations and predictions of cell loads compared with established methods. Based on the ability to predict cell loads, we derive algorithms that jointly adapt user-association policies and antenna-tilt settings for multiple cells. We demonstrate by detailed numerical evaluations of realistic networks that these algorithms can be applied to capacity and coverage optimization, mobility load balancing, and cell outage compensation use cases. As a result, rather than performing any heading or tailing coordination, the joint technique inherently comprises all three use cases, making their coordination redundant. For all scenarios studied, the joint optimization of tilts and user association improves quality of service in terms of the fifth percentile of user throughput compared with state-of-the-art techniques. The proposed models and techniques can be straightforwardly extended to other physical and soft parameters.