Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of SERS Substrates for Chemical Sensing

The SERS effect was initially discovered in the 1970s. Early research focused on understanding the phenomenon and increasing enhancement to achieve single molecule detection. From the mid-1980s to early 1990s, research started to move away from obtaining a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon to the exploration of analytical applications. At the same time, significant developments occurred in the field of photonics that led to the advent of inexpensive, robust, compact, field-deployable Raman systems. The 1990s also saw rapid development in nanoscience. This convergence of technologies (photonics and nanoscience) has led to accelerated development of SERS substrates to detect a wide range of chemical and biological analytes. It would be a monumental task to discuss all the different kinds of SERS substrates that have been explored. Likewise, it would be impossible to discuss the use of SERS for both chemical and biological detection. Instead, a review of the most common metallic (Ag, Cu, and Au) SERS substrates for chemical detection only is discussed, as well as SERS substrates that are commercially available. Other issues with SERS for chemical detection have been selectivity, reversibility, and reusability of the substrates. How these issues have been addressed is also discussed in this review.
Application of Hybrid PSOGSA to Reactive Power Optimization Problem

With the increasing power demand, voltage fluctuations are to be controlled for a reliable and stable power system. On the same way voltage fluctuations create reactive power mismatch in the system. To overcome these conditions we have to perform reactive power optimisation that would balance the reactive power flow of the system. There are several methods and algorithms that serve best for this problem. Among which minimising the real power losses and voltage deviation yields balanced reactive power and for this purpose the most efficient soft computing techniques are used. This study deals with a new approach of hybridisation of two algorithms Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The results are produced on standard IEEE30 bus system for the ORPD problem and prove the best from other algorithms.
Reduction of Infarct Volume and Mortality by Thrombolysis in a Rat Embolic Stroke Model

Background and Purpose Thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was tested in a rat embolic stroke model. Methods The rat carotid territory was embolized with arterial-like microthrombi formed under pressure. Hemispheric cerebral blood flow before and after embolization was measured by the intraarterial Xenon-133 injection method. Fifteen minutes after embolization, 24 rats were treated with 3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg tissue plasminogen activator, and 27 were treated with saline. Carotid angiography displayed the rate of occlusion of the cerebral arterial supply before and after treatment. Brains were fixed and evaluated neuropathologically and infarct volume was measured. Results Cerebral blood flow was reduced 70–86% after embolization. The comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment angiography showed significant (p=0.0005) reperfusion in the treated rats. Thrombolytic therapy significantly reduced the infarct volume from 55.1% to 24.4% of embolized hemisphere volume (p=0.007) and increased the survival rate from 0.48 to 0.96 (p=0.0004). Fifty-three percent of the embolized rats recanalized completely after thrombolytic treatment and developed almost no infarction (median volume 2.8%), and all survived. No hemorrhagic complications were observed. Conclusions Early thrombolytic therapy induced recanalization and reduced mortality and infarct volume after embolic stroke in this model.
Time Matrix Multiplication Algorithm Submitted to JACM

We show that with n(log logn) logn) ) time preprocessing independently for vectors (a0, a1, ., an−1) and (b0, b1, ., bn−1), the vector multiplication (a0, a1, ., an−1)(b0, b1, ., bn−1) T can be computed in (log logn) logn) ) time. This gives a matrix multiplication algorithm with time complexity n(log logn) logn) 2).
Viele Gründe sprechen dagegen, und trotzdem geht es vielen Menschen gut: Das Paradox des subjektiven Wohlbefindens

Zusammenfassung. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Uberlegungen ist das Paradox des subjektiven Wohlbefindens, das darin besteht, das viele Menschen sich auch unter widrigen Umstanden wohlfuhlen. Der empirische Mittelwert des Wohlbefindens scheint zudem im moderat positiven Bereich zu liegen. Es wird gezeigt, das dieses Paradox des subjektiven Wohlbefindens nicht nur ein Methodenartefakt ist. Subjektives Wohlbefinden last sich mit relativer Reliabilitat und pradiktiver Validitat messen. Das Paradox last sich auch nicht durch ungenaue Messung der Risikoindikatoren aufklaren, wenn auch abmildern. Ebenso tragen bereichsspezifische, dimensionale und langsschnittliche Erfassung des Wohlbefindens einiges zur Auflasung des Paradox bei. Zentral sind fur die Wohlbefindensregulation jedoch Merkmale und Mechanismen von Selbst und Persanlichkeit, wie Vergleichsprozesse, Anspruchsniveauveranderungen, Zielanpassungen, Bewaltigungsformen und aber auch die Struktur der Selbstdefinition und trait-ahnliche Persanlichkeitscharakt.
Diagnostic evaluation of our patients with hemophilia A: 17-year experience.

AIM Hemophilia A is a rare inherited bleeding disorder resulting from factor VIII deficiency and is a group of diseases characterized by intra-articular and intramuscular bleeding. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate the treatment outcomes, demographic and clinical characteristics of our patients who were treated and followed up for last 17 years in our pediatric hematology unit with a diagnosis of Hemophilia A. MATERIAL AND METHODS The medical records of 83 patients who were diagnosed with Hemophilia A and followed up between 1997 and 2014 in our hospital's pediatric hematology clinic were reviewed retrospectively. The demographic data, prophylaxis state, development of inhibitors and clinical characteristics of the patients were evaluated. RESULTS When the complaints at presentation were examined, it was found that 27 (32%) patients had hemarthrosis, 24 (29%) patients had ecchymosis and hematoma, 13 (16%) patients had prolonged bleeding after trauma or cut, 10 (12%) patients had gingival, mouth or nose bleeding, 4 (5%) patients had prolonged bleeding after circumcision, 4 (5%) patients had gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 (1%) patient had hematuria. Fifty (60%) patients were considered severe hemophilia A, 20 (24%) patients were considered moderate hemophilia A and 13 (16%) patients were considered mild hemophilia A according to factor activity. Among severe hemophilia A patients, primary prophylaxis was being administered in 2 (2%) patients and secondary prophylaxis was being administered in 40 (48%) patients. Inhibitor positivity was found in 8 (10%) of these patients. It is found that hemophilic artropathy developed in 17 patients and 8 of these 17 patients had undergone radioisotope synovectomy. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of severe bleeding in hemophilia A patients should be performed in hospital and the presence of inhibitor must be investigated in cases of uncontrolled bleeding where adequate doses of factor concentrates have been administered for treatment. In order to decrease the development of inhibitor, prophlaxis should be suggested to patients rather than repetetive treatment when bleeding occurs. The radioactive synovectomy should not be overlooked in countries like ours in which factors can not be used adequately.
Systemic Infection of Maize, Sorghum, Rice, and Beet Seedlings with Fumonisin-Producing and Nonproducing Fusarium verticillioides Strains

Two fumonisin-nonproducing strains of Fusarium verticillioides and their fumonisin producing progenitors were tested for aggressiveness toward maize, sorghum, rice, and beetroot seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. None of the plants showed obvious disease symptoms after root dip inoculation. Fungal biomass was determined by species-specific real-time PCR. No significant (P = 0.05) differences in systemic colonization were detected between the wild type strains and mutants not producing fumonisins. F. verticillioides was not detected in any of the non-inoculated control plants. The fungus grew from roots to the first two internodes/leaves of maize, rice and beet regardless of fumonisin production. The systemic growth of F. verticillioides in sorghum was limited. The results showed that fumonisin production was not required for the infection of roots of maize, rice and beet by F. verticillioides.
Randomly supported independence and resistance

We prove that for any positive integer k, there is a constant c<sub>k</sub> such that a randomly selected set of c<sub>k</sub> n<sup>k</sup> log n Boolean vectors with high probability supports a balanced k-wise independent distribution. In the case of k ≤ 2 a more elaborate argument gives the stronger bound c<sub>k</sub> n<sup>k</sup>. Using a recent result by Austrin and Mossel this shows that a predicate on t bits, chosen at random among predicates accepting c<sub>2</sub> t<sup>2</sup> input vectors, is, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture, likely to be approximation resistant. These results are close to tight: we show that there are other constants, c<sub>k</sub>', such that a randomly selected set of cardinality c<sub>k</sub>' n<sup>k</sup> points is unlikely to support a balanced k-wise independent distribution and, for some c>0, a random predicate accepting ct<sup>2</sup>/log t input vectors is non-trivially approximable with high probability. In a different application of the result of Austrin and Mossel we prove that, again assuming the Unique Games Conjecture, <i>any</i> predicate on t bits accepting at least (32/33) • 2<sup>t</sup> inputs is approximation resistant. The results extend from the Boolean domain to larger finite domains.
Learning Activity Spaces: Towards Flexibility in Learning Design?

Designing a computer-supported learning scenario involving a constructivist approach of learning lays on a paradox. On the one hand, learning flows must be precisely described – including role distribution, required resources, tools, and scaffolds – to be realized in computer-supported environments. On the other hand, a fine-grained formalization of learning flows diverges from the constructivist notion of learning that learners are responsible for their knowledge (co-)construction. This paper draws upon the fundaments of a new concept so called “Learning Activity Space” (LAS) aiming at realizing some necessary flexibility when designing learning scenarios. LAS is the basis of a graphical scenario modeling language intelligible for non-computer scientists but still rich enough in detail to describe a large set of computer-supported learning scenarios.
Dynamic Pore Filtering for Keypoint Detection Applied to Newborn Authentication

We present a novel method for newborn authentication that matches key points in different interdigital regions from palm prints or footprints. Then, the method hierarchically combines the scores for authentication. We also present a novel pore detector for key point extraction, named Dynamic Pore Filtering (DPF), that does not rely on expensive processing techniques and adapts itself to different sizes and shapes of pores. We evaluated our pore detector using four different datasets. The obtained results of the DPF when using newborn dermatoglyphic patterns (2400ppi) are comparable to the state-of-the-art results for adult fingerprint images with 1200ppi. For authentication, we used four datasets acquired by two different sensors, achieving true acceptance rates of 91.53% and 93.72% for palm prints and footprints, respectively, with a false acceptance rate of 0%. We also compared our results to our previous approach on newborn identification, and we considerably outperformed its results, increasing the true acceptance rate from 71% to 98%.
Molecular Cloning of Rat Transcription Factor YY1

YY1 is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional transcription factor that is involved in both positive and negative regulation of gene expression as well as initiation of transcription. Here, we isolated cDNA encoding a full-length open reading frame (ORF) of rat YY1. Rat YY1 is composed of 411 amino acid residues and its amino acid sequence is 97.6% identical to that of mouse YY1 and 97.8% identical to that of human YY1. The transactivating abilities of wild-type rat YY1 and four truncated mutant forms of YY1 were examined by transient reporter assays. When residues 114-193, which sequence includes a portion of the activation region and most of the Gly/Lys-rich region, were lacking, transactivation activity decreased somewhat, but the further deletion in the activation region (of residues 56-113) did not cause further decrease of the activity. On the other hand, N-terminus of the activation region (1-78/100-106) did not have transactivation activity by itself as well as synergistic activity with an erythroid specific transcription factor GATA-1.
Canals in Milky Way radio polarization maps

Narrow depolarized canals are common in maps of the polarized synchrotron emission of the Milky Way. Two physical effects that can produce these canals have been identified: the presence of Faraday rotation measure (RM) gradients in a foreground screen and the cumulative cancellation of polarization known as differential Faraday rotation. We show that the behaviour of the Stokes parameters Q and U in the vicinity of a canal can be used to identify its origin. In the case of canals produced by a Faraday screen we demonstrate that, if the polarization angle changes by 90 ◦ across the canal, as is observed in all fields to-date, the gra dients in RM must be discontinuous. Shocks are an obvious source of such discontinuities and we derive a relation of the expected mean separation of canals to the abundance and Mach number of supernova driven shocks, and compare this with recent observations by Haverkorn et al. (2003). We also predict the existence of less common canals with polarization angle changes other than 90 ◦ . Differential Faraday rotation can produce canals in a unif orm magneto-ionic medium, but as the emitting layer becomes less uniform the canals will disappear. We show that for moderate differences in emissivity in a two-layer medium, of up to 1/2, and for Faraday depth fluctuations of standard deviation . 1 rad, canals produced by differential rotation will still be visible.
High-order sliding mode control of a DFIG-based Wind Turbine for power maximization and grid fault tolerance

This paper deals with power extraction maximization and grid fault tolerance of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Wind Turbine (WT). These variable speed systems have several advantages over the traditional wind turbine operating methods, such as the reduction of the mechanical stress and an increase in the energy capture. To fully exploit this latest advantage, many efforts have been made to develop Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control schemes. In this context, this paper proposes a high-order sliding mode control. This control strategy presents attractive features such as chattering-free behavior (no extra mechanical stress), finite reaching time, and robustness with respect to external disturbances (grid) and unmodeled dynamics (DFIG and WT). It seems also well adapted for grid disturbance tolerance. The proposed high-order sliding mode control approach has been validated on a 1.5-MW three-blade wind turbine using the wind turbine simulator FAST.
Ambient Sound for a Historical Scene: Case study of Thai Lanna

The ambient sound is applied in the films industry for many decades; it aims to increase the realistic atmosphere in the films, especially in the historical documentary films. The historical documentary films are also employed distinction ambient sounds to simulate the ancient atmospheres in which do not exist in the current time. This type of sound is one of very important factors in the film industry production because it helps to create the visual imagination. However, the Thai film industry has borrowed the ambient sound from the international sound effects which are ready-made sounds in a sound library. The way of sound borrowing is caused to the low sound quality in the film because it lacks of many sound components which are necessary to construct the identities of a realistic local sets, and a recording situation of an actual environment. It, moreover, causes easily noise in the sound quality. Therefore, the author would like to propose a new framework of the ambient sound design, to create an ancient sound ambient for the film scenes through a synthesis process of sound design. By framing the ambient sound design concept, this paper focuses on the Thai north documentary film, Ancient Lanna Kingdom.
Maximizing Olympic Impacts by Building Up Legacies

This contribution adds to the controversial discussion of the investment of scarce public resources in mega sport events such as the Olympic Games. The positive, or negative, legacy of mega sport events will be considered. A definition of legacy will be given, how legacy might be measured is discussed and the key elements that make up a legacy are identified. Examples are taken from recent Olympic Games and other mega sports events such as the Manchester Commonwealth Games in 2002.
Recent Advances towards the Clinical Application of Stem Cells for Retinal Regeneration

Retinal degenerative diseases constitute a major cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Stem cell-based therapies offer hope for these patients at risk of or suffering from blindness due to the deterioration of the neural retina. Various sources of stem cells are currently being investigated, ranging from human embryonic stem cells to adult-derived induced pluripotent stem cells as well as human Müller stem cells, with the first clinical trials to investigate the safety and tolerability of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells having recently commenced. This review aims to summarize the latest advances in the development of stem cell strategies for the replacement of retinal neurons and their supportive cells, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) affected by retinal degenerative conditions. Particular emphasis will be given to the advances in stem cell transplantation and the challenges associated with their translation into clinical practice.
Characterizing Coarse-Grained Reuse of Computation

Value locality is the phenomenon that a small number of values occur repeatedly in the same register or memory location. Non-speculative r use of computation [21] is one of the methods that has been proposed to exploit value locality. However, reuse becomes profitable only when multiple instructions are reused simultaneously. Identifying suitable chains of reusable instructions requires a global view of the program and is therefore difficult to be accomplished with hardware alone. This paper investigates the properties of reuse in the context of a dynamic optimization setting. We focus on characterizing the available computation reuse in programs at coarse granularities, and in determining the relative applicability of specialization and memoization, two commonly used techniques for exploiting coarse-grained reuse. Our study suggests that a reuse technique based on an online optimization system is feasible due to the following reasons. First, programs contain many large regions: on average, regions of 16 or more dynamic instructions represent 54% of all reuse, or 26% of all dynamic instructions. Second, large regions are stable over time and hence can likely be identified cost-effectively with a dynamic optimizer. Third, we observed that many reuse opportunities cannot be exploited withmemoization, the currently used reuse technique, but must be supplemented with specialization, a technique that requires run-time code generation.
The genetic diversity of two brazilian vellozia (velloziaceae) with different patterns of spatial distribution and pollination biology.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The genetic structure and variability of two species of Vellozia (Velloziaceae) with restricted distribution in high-altitude quartzitic fields in south-eastern Brazil were studied. Vellozia epidendroides is short, grows on pebbly or sandy soil, and is pollinated by bees. Vellozia leptopetala is arborescent, grows on rock outcrops, and is pollinated by bees and hummingbirds. Both are self-incompatible and have a short, massive flowering strategy. The study aimed to associate differences in their genetic diversity and structure with their microhabitat distribution and pollination ecology. METHODS Leaves from 106 and 139 plants of V. epidendroides and V. leptopetala, respectively, were collected from five patches of each species and prepared for electrophoretic analyses. KEY RESULTS Five enzyme systems could be reliably scored for both species. Vellozia epidendroides showed 100 % of the loci polymorphic for almost all patches. The average number of alleles per locus ranged between 2.2 and 2.4 among patches. The Wright's fixation index (F) for this species was 0.226. A significant (p) value indicates that there is a reasonable genetic divergence among patches. Vellozia leptopetala presented 47.5 % of polymorphic loci. All levels of P, A, A(p) and of heterozygosities were lower than those of V. epidendroides. Vellozia leptopetala showed high inbreeding within patches. CONCLUSIONS The relatively high values of genetic diversity indices found for V. epidendroides may be associated with its large and widespread populations. On the other hand, the low values of genetic diversity found for V. leptopetala may be related to physical isolation on outcrops and intensive foraging by territorial hummingbirds, which may hinder gene flow among patches, aggravated by the very restricted seed dispersal characteristic of the genus, that facilitates sibling mating. It is important to stress the need to preserve the specific habitats of these species of Vellozia, in particular those of V. leptopetala that has lower genetic diversity and is restricted to rock outcrop environments.
Different perceptions of control: Applying an extended theory of planned behavior to legal and illegal drug use

Recent evidence has suggested that large numbers of university students both consume excessive quantities of alcohol and use cannabis. We designed this study to test the ability of an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict alcohol and cannabis use. The main focus of the study was the issue of perceived control, particularly the measurement of control beliefs, and the proposed distinction between self-efficacy and "perceived control over behavior. " One hundred seventy-six students completed TPB questionnaires, 69% of whom were successfully contacted 1 week later to provide behavioral data. Findings provided support for the TPB as a predictor of alcohol- and cannabis-use intentions and behavior, although analysis of belief components showed that a multiplicative combination is not always optimal. Evidence from confirmatory factor analyses, underlying control beliefs, and differential prediction of the two behaviors provided support for the refined perceived control components. The study also p.