Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and optimization of the heat treatment of cashew nutshells to produce a biofuel with a high-energy value

In the context of the fight against climate change and the development of renewable and new energies, the management of cashew nutshells is an issue. The physico-chemical and energetic properties of cashew nutshells show that they are good raw materials that can be used in thermochemical processes. Cashew nutshells were heated to temperatures of 300 ℃, 350 ℃ and 400 ℃ for 40 to 120 minutes to extract the liquid from the cashew nutshells. Biochar yields by mass were 46.5–52.8 wt%, 46.2–35.9 wt% and 37.8–30.3 wt% at temperatures of 300 ℃, 350 ℃ and 400 ℃, respectively. Biochar with high higher heating value and low residual oil content was obtained at a heating temperature of 300 ℃ for a time of 120 min. The biochar obtained under these optimum conditions has a residual oil content of less than 1 wt% and a higher heating value of 32.1 MJ·kg-1. The other two products, bio-oil and smoke, have higher heating values of 36 MJ·kg-1 and 10.2 MJ·Nm-3, respectively. Temperature and heating time improve the energy density and quality of biochar with low residual oil content. Heat treatment is therefore a promising technique for the production of an environmentally friendly and sustainable high energy solid biofuel from cashew nutshells.
Study on Multipactor Mechanism in a Two-Sided Dielectric-Loaded Rectangular Waveguide

This study presents a novel saturation mechanism for the evolution of the multipactor effect in a rectangular waveguide loaded with dielectric on both the top and bottom sides. By carrying out in-house developed Monte Carlo simulations, it is observed that secondary electron emission and dielectric charging processes occur asynchronously in each multipactor zone due to an inhomogeneous radio frequency (RF) electric field. A nonuniform electrostatic field generated by the dielectric charging breaks the secondary electrons’ resonant motion, resulting in a steady state when the ratio of the local electrostatic field intensity to the corresponding RF electric field intensity reaches a fixed value. Thereafter, dielectric charging in distinct multipactor zones exhibits identical oscillation during each RF period. It is worth emphasizing that dielectric charging within the third-order multipactor zone can initiate the emission of secondary electrons in nearby multipactor-free zones. This process disrupts the weak steady state in the hybrid-resonant multipactor zone, setting off a second avalanche that ultimately leads to saturation. Subsequently, dielectric charging within multipactor-free zones induces dense electrons to migrate toward high RF electric field zones, resulting in the dispersion of the electron cloud within the third-order multipactor zone.
Efficient and Accurate SimRank-based Similarity Joins: Experiments, Analysis, and Improvement

SimRank-based similarity joins, which mainly include threshold-based and top- k similarity joins, are important types of all-pair SimRank queries. Although a line of related algorithms have been proposed recently, they still fall short of providing approximation guarantee and suffer from scalability issues on medium and large graphs. Meanwhile, we also lack an extensive analysis of existing techniques in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Motivated by these challenges, we first conduct detailed analysis of state-of-the-art algorithms and provide additional theoretical results. Second, to address the limitations of existing techniques, we propose simple yet effective algorithm frameworks for both queries to theoretically guarantee the approximation bound, and present a more efficient all-pair algorithm inspired by randomized local push of Personalized PageRank. Next, we analyze the algorithmic complexity of threshold-based and top- k similarity joins by leveraging a reasonable assumption of SimRank distribution. Through extensive experiments, we find that our proposed methods far exceed existing ones with respect to query efficiency, approximation guarantee and practical accuracy, while our theoretical analysis nicely matches the empirical study.
Evidence based on Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis strengthens causal relationships between structural changes in specific brain regions and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have observed cognitive decline and changes in brain morphometry in ALS patients. However, it remains unclear whether the brain structural alterations contribute to the risk of ALS. In this study, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis to investigate this causal relationship. Methods Summary data of genome-wide association study were obtained for ALS and the brain structures, including surface area (SA), thickness and volume of subcortical structures. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main estimate approach. Sensitivity analysis was conducted detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Colocalization analysis was performed to calculate the posterior probability of causal variation and identify the common genes. Results In the forward MR analysis, we found positive associations between the SA in four cortical regions (lingual, parahippocampal, pericalcarine, and middle temporal) and the risk of ALS. Additionally, decreased thickness in nine cortical regions (caudal anterior cingulate, frontal pole, fusiform, inferior temporal, lateral occipital, lateral orbitofrontal, pars orbitalis, pars triangularis, and pericalcarine) was significantly associated with a higher risk of ALS. In the reverse MR analysis, genetically predicted ALS was associated with reduced thickness in the bankssts and increased thickness in the caudal middle frontal, inferior parietal, medial orbitofrontal, and superior temporal regions. Colocalization analysis revealed the presence of shared causal variants between the two traits. Conclusion Our results suggest that altered brain morphometry in individuals with high ALS risk may be genetically mediated. The causal associations of widespread multifocal extra-motor atrophy in frontal and temporal lobes with ALS risk support the notion of a continuum between ALS and frontotemporal dementia. These findings enhance our understanding of the cortical structural patterns in ALS and shed light on potentially viable therapeutic targets.
The Detection of Explosive Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) Using Optical Microcavity

Optical microcavity, which is based on light-matter interaction, has the advantage of high sensitivity as a sensor. It has been widely used in the security, medicine, and environment fields these years. Detection of atoms and molecules at the nanoscale is one of the practical usages of optical microcavity. In this paper, we focus on a ultra-high-quality factor optical microcavity of whispering gallery mode (WGM) to detect the explosive of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX). To demonstrate the high sensitivity of the method, we detect the solution at different concentrations. Different types of optical microcavities are suitable for the detection of different matters. Considering the effects of the results and the simplicity of operation, we use silica microspheres chiefly. This is the first time to detect the explosive using highly sensitive optical microcavity. The detection of pure explosives will be helpful for establishing the database of the explosives.
The abundance and spatial distribution of plankton communities in Perancak Estuary, Bali

Perancak estuary is a productive ecosystem and has important role in the balance of nature and the life of local communities. However, research about water quality and organisms in Perancak estuary is still low, especially on plankton abundance and distribution. The aim of this research was to analyze the abundance and spatial distribution of plankton communities. The research was conducted by field surveys in November 2015, samples were taken from 3 stations representing upstream (S1), stream (S2) and downstream (S3). Plankton sampling was carried out by filtering water samples as much as 100 liters of plankton net with mesh size 25μm, diameter 31 cm, and length 80 cm. Filtered samples were stored in the sample bottle and the preserved with 1 ml of 4% formaldehyde. The result showed, an abundance of phytoplankton ranged between 33,600 – 3,002,400 cell/m3 and zooplankton between 6,000-57,000 ind/m3. Total of 6 genera of phytoplankton and 14 genera of zooplankton was recorded during the research period. The ecological index showed that species diversity of plankton in Perancak estuary was categorized as low diversity. Plankton abundance in S1 which located in Loloan River is higher than others. Its caused by anthropogenic waste from agriculture, households and industrial waste.
Catchment management and coral reef conservation : a practical guide for coastal resource managers to reduce damage from catchment areas based on best practice case studies

This book aims to help people manage coral reefs and other coastal ecosystems; especially to solve problems that flow from nearby catchment (watershed) areas. Such catchment areas may be adjacent to the coral reef, or include areas a long way away and outside the jurisdiction and control of the coastal manager. This book introduces ways to reduce some of that damage through cooperation with people and industries upstream, based on the experiences of many coastal managers around the world.
Quantifying poultry litter conditions and relationships with odour emissions

Litter conditions are managed during poultry rearing to provide a comfortable environment for the chickens and reduce the potential of odour impact on surrounding communities. This study aimed to identify and quantify the properties of poultry litter in Australian meat chicken sheds that influence odour formation and emissions. Litter conditions were evaluated in terms of litter moisture content, pH, water activity and oxygen concentration. Litter samples collected from meat chicken sheds during the eight week grow-out period showed that litter conditions varied spatially, within the litter profile, during the grow-out and between grow-outs. Litter conditions were measured at discrete positions across the litter and within the profile to describe the full range, rather than measuring average conditions.Water affects many of the chemical, physical and microbial properties of litter and yet research revealed a lack of knowledge in terms of the water balance within meat chicken sheds and litter properties, especially moisture content, water holding capacity and water activity. An equation combining theoretical and empirical inputs was developed to estimate the water addition to litter during a grow-out. This was combined with experimental measurements of water holding capacity and evaporation rate to identify periods of the grow-out when litter conditions were at risk of deteriorating. Addition of manure during a grow-out was found to increase the water holding capacity of litter and reduced water activity, which is a measure of the availability of water within litter that affects friability and microbial growth.Odorant emission rates were measured for different litter conditions in meat chicken sheds and during a laboratory based study where meat chickens were reared in a pen with a litter floor. Emission rates of volatile organic compounds and sulfur compounds (VOC and VSC) from the litter surface were measured using flux hoods and analysed by a combination of TD-GC-MS, TD-GC-SCD and PTR-TofMS methods. Emission rates of some odorants were found to be significantly affected by litter conditions (when litter was characterised as ‘wet’ or ‘dry’) and the length of the grow-out. Odour activity values indicated which individual odorants made the biggest contribution to wet and dry litter odours.
Effects of unilateral, bilateral, and combined unilateral+bilateral complex resistance training on bench press and squat strength in adolescent boxers

Objective: To assess the effects of 8 weeks of unilateral (UNI), bilateral (BI), and combined unilateral + bilateral (UNI + BI) resistance training on bench press and squat strength in adolescent boxers. Methods: Using the Gym Aware linear accelerometer, free-weight squat and bench press strength exercises were evaluated after an 8-week training intervention. Thirty adolescent boxers were randomly assigned to three groups: UNI, height: 1.73 ± 0.08 m, weight: 55.42 ± 5.85 kg; UNI + BI, height: 1.7 ± 0.06 m, weight: 54.73 ± 5.33 kg; and BI, height: 1.74 ± 0.06 m, weight: 59.67 ± 8.39 kg. Each group followed their designated UNI/BI/UNI + BI compound resistance training protocols, and the effects of 8 weeks of single-sided and bilateral intervention training on the performance of free-weight squat and bench press exercises at 30%, 50%, and 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) were evaluated. Results: Significant improvements were observed in the 30% 1RM, 50% 1RM, and 80% 1RM outcomes for both squat and bench press exercises before and after the interventions (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). In the intergroup comparison, GymAware measurements revealed that the UNI and UNI + BI groups exhibited superior peak power values for squat and bench press exercises at 30% 1RM compared to the BI group. Discussion: UNI and UNI + BI training led to significantly higher output power values in bench press and squat exercises at 30% 1RM compared to the BI training group.
Analysis of Whole-Genome as a Novel Strategy for Animal Species Identification

Survival crises stalk many animals, especially endangered and rare animals. Accurate species identification plays a pivotal role in animal resource conservation. In this study, we developed an animal species identification method called Analysis of whole-GEnome (AGE), which identifies species by finding species-specific sequences through bioinformatics analysis of the whole genome and subsequently recognizing these sequences using experimental technologies. To clearly demonstrate the AGE method, Cervus nippon, a well-known endangered species, and a closely related species, Cervus elaphus, were set as model species, without and with published genomes, respectively. By analyzing the whole genomes of C. nippon and C. elaphus, which were obtained through next-generation sequencing and online databases, we built specific sequence databases containing 7,670,140 and 570,981 sequences, respectively. Then, the species specificities of the sequences were confirmed experimentally using Sanger sequencing and the CRISPR-Cas12a system. Moreover, for 11 fresh animal samples and 35 commercially available products, our results were in complete agreement with those of other authoritative identification methods, demonstrating AGE’s precision and potential application. Notably, AGE found a mixture in the 35 commercially available products and successfully identified it. This study broadens the horizons of species identification using the whole genome and sheds light on the potential of AGE for conserving animal resources.
A Probe into the Sense of Efficacy of the Teachers

The concept of teachers’ Sense of Efficacy refers to person’s own belief in his or her capacity to perform their behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments in the institution. To ascertain the present status of teachers’ Sense of Efficacy of the school teachers of West Bengal, the present study was carried out through the Descriptive Survey Method by administering Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001) on a random sample of 616 school teachers of West Bengal. The results of the study reflected that on an average the teachers of West Bengal were highly scored in all the subscales of Sense of Efficacy and also in Sense of Efficacy (in Totality). It might be concluded that, the teachers may be perform well in their academic activities and teach efficiently to the students that emphasis the good productivity of quality education.
Applying UTAUT To Understanding Factors Influence The Use Of Elearning Bpk Corporate University In Jfp Ap Training

Decision making will always be based on valid and reliable data. The effectiveness and efficiency of information are a must for agencies to evaluate their programs. The process of conducting effective and efficient training for training participants to the training organizers. Innovation based on the use of the system has an important role in fulfilling learning services in the Badiklat PKN BPK RI environment. The implementation of training during the pandemic forced agencies to use a system that can run quickly and control the learning process. This study wants to evaluate the system used in the process of conducting training in the Badiklat PKN BPK RI using the UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) method. The research sample comprises 55 Auditor Functional CPNS individuals from the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia in 2022. This research shows that social influence and behavioral intention have a significant and positive effect. However, Performance Expectancy (PE) and effort Expectancy (EE), do not affect Behavioral Intention. An optimal system is a system that can be used easily by users, if users cannot use the system, then there will be system failure because the data generated will be biased and invalid. Suppose the user has difficulty operating the system. In this case, it is better to immediately evaluate in the form of input and training to further improve the skills of users who use it.
The history of families at-risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: what are the impacts of genetic counseling and testing?

Introduction Cancer Genetic Counseling (CGC) and genetic testing (GT) assume a paramount role for hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome families. We assessed the effects of CGC and GT on women affected by cancer who are at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer predisposition syndrome (HBOC). Methods This study encompasses four time points: before the CGC session, after the CGC session when blood is drawn for GT, after disclosure of GT results, and six months following disclosure of GT results. The impacts of CGC and GT were assessed using psychosocial questionnaires. Additionally, a pedigree, genogram, and ecomap were constructed through a semistructured interview. Results A total of sixty women were included in the study. Most participants considered their perception of cancer risk to be equivalent to that of the general population, even among those with pathogenic variants. An increased perception of breast and ovarian cancer risks was associated with a heightened inclination toward religious engagement as a coping mechanism. Patients carrying variants of uncertain significance expressed greater concerns about developing another cancer compared to those who had BRCA1 and BRCA2 wild type or pathogenic variants. Qualitative analysis of the genograms and ecomaps demonstrated that the CGC/GT processes facilitate communication within families. The genogram analyses revealed the impact of CGC and GT processes on families at risk for hereditary cancer. Changes in some family relationships were observed, and an improvement in communication was noted following the GT process. Discussion These findings can assist healthcare professionals considering a personalized approaches in clinical practice.
Organic Food Consumption Behaviour: Sustainability, Symbol of Social Class, Luxury and Price

This research tries to analyse the motives of consumers in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia in buying organic food. The four main motives that influence organic food consumption behaviour are sustainability, social class symbol, luxury and price investigated in this study. Questionnaires were used and given to 190 respondents. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling and tested four hypotheses. The findings state that sustainability, social class symbols, and price significantly influence organic food consumption behaviour. There is no significant effect of luxury on organic food consumption behaviour. Based on these findings, strategies to improve quality, long-term health benefits, be environmentally friendly, and reduce the price of organic food should be implemented. This research draws on social practice theory as a critical lens for understanding organic food consumption not just as a result of individual choices, but as several interrelated 'relationships of action and speech'. This study investigates the consumption of organic food in East Java, Indonesia. Three consumption practices, which include investing in long-term welfare, expressing sustainability values, and signifying social status, so it can be concluded that organic food can be understood as a certain type of food as a trend food
Morphokinetic Profiling Suggests That Rapid First Cleavage Division Accurately Predicts the Chances of Blastulation in Pig In Vitro Produced Embryos

Simple Summary The study of the earliest stages of pig embryo development has several potential uses: feeding a growing population, medical applications that require the use of genetically modified organisms, rare breed conservation, and the use of pig embryos as a research model for progressing IVF technology in both humans and other (e.g., endangered) species. Despite this, barriers to the widespread adoption of pig embryo production include fat-rich cells that are difficult to see down a microscope, low success rates, and slow adoption of new technologies such as artificial intelligence. Here, we fully characterise pig early embryo development in an undisturbed system, using videos derived from an incubator equipped with in-built cameras. We find that a rapid first cell division, from one to two cells, correlates with ongoing embryo success and that this early-stage measure alone can be an accurate predictor of future development. Conversely, we find that re-fusion of cells following division is associated with poor rates of embryo development. Such predictors may allow for the early commercial selection of high-quality embryos and upscaling of production so that the true potential of pig embryology can be realised. Abstract The study of pig preimplantation embryo development has several potential uses: from agriculture to the production of medically relevant genetically modified organisms and from rare breed conservation to acting as a physiologically relevant model for progressing human and other (e.g., endangered) species’ in vitro fertilisation technology. Despite this, barriers to the widespread adoption of pig embryo in vitro production include lipid-laden cells that are hard to visualise, slow adoption of contemporary technologies such as the use of time-lapse incubators or artificial intelligence, poor blastulation and high polyspermy rates. Here, we employ a commercially available time-lapse incubator to provide a comprehensive overview of the morphokinetics of pig preimplantation development for the first time. We tested the hypotheses that (a) there are differences in developmental timings between blastulating and non-blastulating embryos and (b) embryo developmental morphokinetic features can be used to predict the likelihood of blastulation. The abattoir-derived oocytes fertilised by commercial extended semen produced presumptive zygotes were split into two groups: cavitating/blastulating 144 h post gamete co-incubation and those that were not. The blastulating group reached the 2-cell and morula stages significantly earlier, and the time taken to reach the 2-cell stage was identified to be a predictive marker for blastocyst formation. Reverse cleavage was also associated with poor blastulation. These data demonstrate the potential of morphokinetic analysis in automating and upscaling pig in vitro production through effective embryo selection.