Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Antigen-induced Immune Responses*

To determine the effectiveness of immunization strategies used in therapeutic antibody or vaccine development, it is critical to assess the quality of immunization-induced polyclonal antibody responses. Here, we developed a workflow that uses sensitive methods to quantitatively and qualitatively assess immune responses against foreign antigens with regard to antibody binding affinity and epitope diversity. The application of such detailed assessments throughout an immunization campaign can significantly reduce the resources required to generate highly specific antibodies. Our workflow consists of the following two steps: 1) the use of surface plasmon resonance to quantify antigen-specific antibodies and evaluate their apparent binding affinities, and 2) the recovery of serum IgGs using an automated small scale purification system, followed by the determination of their epitope diversity using hydrogen deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry. We showed that these methods were sensitive enough to detect antigen-specific IgGs in the nanogram/μl range and that they provided information for differentiating the antibody responses of the various immunized animals that could not be obtained by conventional methods. We also showed that this workflow can guide the selection of an animal that produces high affinity antibodies with a desired epitope coverage profile, resulting in the generation of potential therapeutic monoclonal antibody clones with desirable functional profiles. We postulate that this workflow will be an important tool in the development of effective vaccines to combat the highly sophisticated evasion mechanisms of pathogens.
: Towards a Categorization Framework for Occupancy Sensing Systems

A large share of the energy consumption of buildings is driven by occupancy behavior. Means to minimize this share of consumption depend upon accurate information about occupant behavior. Therefore, it is important to improve sensing systems for gathering such information. However, as research on occupancy sensing systems goes beyond basic methods , there is an increasing need for better comparison of proposed occupancy sensing systems. Developers of occupancy sensing systems are also lacking good frameworks for understanding diﬀerent options when building occupancy sensing systems. This poster abstract motivates the need for working towards a better categorization framework to address both of these problems. For researchers, the categorization framework is also an aid when scoping out future research in the area of occupancy sensing systems.
Bioleaching of Phosphorus from Low Grade Ores and Concentrates with Acidophilic Iron- and Sulphur-Oxidizing Bacteria

Bioleaching experiments of phosphorus from low grade fluorapatite ore containing 8.2% P2O5 and from fluorapatite concentrate containing 29.8% P2O5 were carried out in shake flasks. Elemental sulphur was supplemented as an energy source for acid generation. Mixed and pure acidophilic bacterial cultures consisting of iron-and/or sulphur-oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans were used in the experiments. These acidophiles are commonly used in bioleaching of sulphide minerals, but their application on phosphorus bioleaching has been limited. Phosphorus leaching was shown to be a pH-dependant phenomenon. Phosphorus leaching yields of up to 97% and 28% were obtained in 3 weeks for low grade fluorapatite ore and concentrate, respectively. These results indicate a potential for applying bioleaching for phosphorus extraction from low grade materials.
Fluctuation-dissipation relation on a Melde string in a turbulent flow, considerations on a"dynamical temperature"

We report on measurements of the transverse fluctuations of a string in a turbulent air jet flow. Harmonic modes are excited by the fluctuating drag force, at different wave-numbers. This simple mechanical probe makes it possible to measure excitations of the flow at specific scales, averaged over space and time: it is a scale-resolved, global measurement. We also measure the dissipation associated to the string motion, and we consider the ratio of the fluctuations over dissipation (FDR). In an exploratory approach, we investigate the concept of {\it effective temperature} defined through the FDR. We compare our observations with other definitions of temperature in turbulence. From the theory of Kolmogorov (1941), we derive the exponent -11/3 expected for the spectrum of the fluctuations. This simple model and our experimental results are in good agreement, over the range of wave-numbers, and Reynolds number accessible ($74000 \leq Re \leq 170000$).
Solar Cells System Based on Light Positioning

The system use surveillance camera and image rendering developed a new solar positioning system. The system’s position detection method is to use surveillance cameras captured source image, and then use rendering method to determine the location of the light source to adjust the orientation of solar cells to improve the utilization of the battery. We use existing camera filming the scene of the source image, and then the light source position will be determined. Through the back of our tracking software processing, adjusting the orientation of solar collectors, will allow maximum utilization of solar energy and provide solar tracking areas a new and reliable detection methods. This article focuses on algorithm design of the source tracking software. This article uses the prior knowledge of three-dimensional objects in the photo image to model. Priori knowledge can help us to determine all the parameter except light source location, we full traversal all the possible light source position space. After getting the rendering image, rendered image and source image will be compared through the evaluation function, thus we will get the best source location parameters.
Reversible Root Tip Rotation in Arabidopsis Seedlings Induced by Obstacle-Touching Stimulus

In soil, downwardly growing plant roots frequently alter their growth direction to escape obstacles that lie in their paths. This response has been analyzed with a simple system that provides a constant obstacle-touching stimulus to root tips of young seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. On the surface of agar plates, which were set at an angle of 45� to the vertical, the roots exhibit a wavy growth pattern that is caused by periodic reversion of rotation of the root tip. A set of mutants with abnormal wavy growth was used to demonstrate that at least six genes are involved in this stimulus-response interaction.
Nanophotonic light trapping in polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells using periodically nanoimprint-structured glass substrates

A smart light trapping scheme is essential to tap the full potential of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film solar cells. Periodic nanophotonic structures are of particular interest as they allow to substantially surpass the Lambertian limit from ray optics in selected spectral ranges. We use nanoimprint-lithography for the periodic patterning of sol-gel coated glass substrates, ensuring a cost-effective, large-area production of thin-film solar cell devices. Periodic crystalline silicon nanoarchitectures are prepared on these textured substrates by high-rate silicon film evaporation, solid phase crystallization and chemical etching. Poly-Si microhole arrays in square lattice geometry with an effective thickness of about 2μm and with comparatively large pitch (2 μm) exhibit a large absorption enhancement (A900nm = 52%) compared to a planar film (A900nm ~ 7%). For the optimization of light trapping in the desired spectral region, the geometry of the nanophotonic structures with varying pitch from 600 nm to 800 nm is tailored and investigated for the cases of poly-Si nanopillar arrays of hexagonal lattice geometry, exhibiting an increase in absorption in comparison to planar film attributed to nanophotonic wave optic effects. These structures inspire the design of prospective applications such as highly-efficient nanostructured poly-Si thin-film solar cells and large-area photonic crystals.
Torque and compliance control of the pneumatic artificial muscles in the biped "Lucy"

In the biped Lucy pleated pneumatic artificial muscles are used instead of electrical motors to power the joints, because in an antagonistic set-up both the torque and the compliance are controllable. The muscles have also a high power to weight ratio and they can reduce impact effects. Interesting characteristics that can be exploited for legged robots. In this paper a control strategy is discussed where a torque control unit tracks a predefined trajectory and a compliance controller is used to reduce control efforts and energy consumption by fitting the compliance of the actuator to the natural compliance of the desired trajectory. The first part of this paper focusses on the torque control unit for the biped. The proposed control architecture consists of the joint trajectory generator and the joint trajectory tracking controller. The trajectory generator calculates trajectories represented by polynomials based on objective locomotion parameters, which are average forward speed, step length, step height and intermediate foot lift. The joint trajectory tracking controller is divided in three parts: a computed torque module, a delta-p unit and a bang-bang pressure controller. Results of the incorporation of this control architecture in the real biped Lucy are given. Several essential graphs showing tracking performance and pressure regulation are given and the effectiveness of the control algorithm is discussed. A second part of the paper focusses on the compliance controller which is experimentally tested on a one DOF pendulum. A mathematical formulation to exploit the natural dynamics with respect to different walking patterns for this purpose is explained. The experimental results show the effectiveness and importance of the adaptation strategy
Development and Type Test of a Single-Break 126-kV/40-kA–2500-A Vacuum Circuit Breaker

The objective of this paper is to present a 126-kV/40-kA-2500-A single-break vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) and its type test results based on the IEC 62271-100: 2006 and GB1984-2003 standards. A single-break 126-kV vacuum interrupter (VI), with a pair of 2/3 coil-type contacts, is used in the 126-kV VCB. The external insulation of the VI is provided by SF6 at 0.1 MPa. A spring-type operating mechanism is used to provide a closing velocity of 1.15 m/s, which is an average velocity for 4 mm before the moving contact mates with the stationary contact. The opening velocity within 20 mm, which is 1/3 of a full contact stroke of 60 mm, is 3.5 m/s. Two kinds of test circuits are used in the type tests to verify the making and breaking capabilities of this 126-kV VCB prototype. One is a direct test circuit for test duty cycles, such as out-of-phase making and breaking test duties, that is, OP1 and OP2; capacitive current switching test of class C1, that is, CC1/LC1 and CC2/LC2. The other is a synthetic circuit, used for tests, such as the terminal fault test, the short-line fault test, the double earth fault test, and the electrical endurance test of class E2. The dielectric tests of a 230-kV/1 min power frequency voltage withstand test and a 550-kV lightning impulse voltage withstand test were used to verify the dielectric withstand performance of the VCB. Experiment results presented in this paper showed that the 126-kV/40 kA-2500 A single-break VCB passed the type tests according to IEC 62271-100 and GB1984-2003.
ReMail: a reinvented email prototype

The Collaborative User Experience Research group has been investigating how people use email and how we might design and build a better email system. In this demonstration, we will show a prototype email client developed as part of a larger project on "reinventing email. " Among other new capabilities, this integrated prototype incorporates 1) novel visualizations of the documents within mail databases to aid understanding and navigation, 2) advanced text analysis of the content of email messages, and 3) several unique features for helping users manage their attention.
Traffic Flow Forecasting Based on Fuzzy-Neural

Fuzzy systems can be excellently used to represent human knowledge. Traffic technology is a science where this property of fuzzy logic can be used very well because it is hard to make mathematical models due to human influences and complex connections between input parameters. This paper applies a novel Fuzzy Cerebella-Model-Articulation-Controller (FCMAC) into univariate time-series forecasting and investigates its performance in comparison to established techniques such as the Box-Jenkin's ARIMA model. Experimental results from Pudong New Strict in Shanghai traffic flow data reveal that the FCMAC model yielded lower errors for certain data sets. The conditions under which the FCMAC model emerged superior are discussed. Furthermore, we show how neural networks can be used to improve the performance of the system.
Assessing annotation transfer for genomics: quantifying the relations between protein sequence, structure and function through traditional and probabilistic scores.

Measuring in a quantitative, statistical sense the degree to which structural and functional information can be "transferred" between pairs of related protein sequences at various levels of similarity is an essential prerequisite for robust genome annotation. To this end, we performed pairwise sequence, structure and function comparisons on approximately 30,000 pairs of protein domains with known structure and function. Our domain pairs, which are constructed according to the SCOP fold classification, range in similarity from just sharing a fold, to being nearly identical. Our results show that traditional scores for sequence and structure similarity have the same basic exponential relationship as observed previously, with structural divergence, measured in RMS, being exponentially related to sequence divergence, measured in percent identity. However, as the scale of our survey is much larger than any previous investigations, our results have greater statistical weight and precision. We have been able to express the relationship of sequence and structure similarity using more "modern scores," such as Smith-Waterman alignment scores and probabilistic P-values for both sequence and structure comparison. These modern scores address some of the problems with traditional scores, such as determining a conserved core and correcting for length dependency; they enable us to phrase the sequence-structure relationship in more precise and accurate terms. We found that the basic exponential sequence-structure relationship is very general: the same essential relationship is found in the different secondary-structure classes and is evident in all the scoring schemes. To relate function to sequence and structure we assigned various levels of functional similarity to the domain pairs, based on a simple functional classification scheme. This scheme was constructed by combining and augmenting annotations in the enzyme and fly functional classifications and comparing subsets of these to the Escherichia coli and yeast classifications. We found sigmoidal relationships between similarity in function and sequence, with clear thresholds for different levels of functional conservation. For pairs of domains that share the same fold, precise function appears to be conserved down to approximately 40 % sequence identity, whereas broad functional class is conserved to approximately 25 %. Interestingly, percent identity is more effective at quantifying functional conservation than the more modern scores (e.g. P-values). Results of all the pairwise comparisons and our combined functional classification scheme for protein structures can be accessed from a web database at http://bioinfo.mbb. yale.edu/alignCopyright 2000 Academic Press.
Distinct Roles of MDMX in the Regulation of p53 Response to Ribosomal Stress

Approximately 50% of protein and RNA synthesis in proliferating cells are devoted to ribosomal biogenesis. Coordination between ribosome biogenesis, growth, and proliferation is critical for maintenance of homeostasis and tumor suppression. Aberrant rRNA expression and processing is sensed by p53. Ribosomal stress increases the binding between MDM2 and ribosomal proteins L5, L11, and L23, resulting in p53 stabilization. Our recent study showed that p53 activation by ribosomal stress also involves degradation of MDMX in an MDM2-dependent fashion. Failure to eliminate MDMX due to overexpression results in the sequestration of p53 into inactive complexes, severely impairing p53-dependent cell cycle arrest during ribosomal stress. Furthermore, MDMX overexpression promotes resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent 5-FU, which at low concentrations activates p53 by inhibiting RNA metabolism. Therefore, MDMX is an important regulator of p53 response to ribosomal stress. MDMX overexpression in tumors may significantly influence response to chemotherapy agents that target rRNA biogenesis.
Angular momentum transport by internal gravity waves. III. Wave excitation by core convection and the Coriolis effect

Context. This is the third in a series of papers that deal with angular momentum transport by internal gravity waves. We concentrate on the waves excited by core convection in a 3 M� , Pop I main sequence star. Aims. Here, we want to examine the role of the Coriolis acceleration in the equations of motion that describe the behavior of waves and to evaluate its impact on angular momentum transport. Methods. We use the so-called traditional approximation of geophysics, which allows variable separation in radial and horizontal components. In the presence of rotation, the horizontal structure is described by Hough functions instead of spherical harmonics. Results. The Coriolis acceleration has two main effects on waves. It transforms pure gravity waves into gravito-inertial waves that have a larger amplitude closer to the equator, and it introduces new waves whose restoring force is mainly the conservation of vorticity. Conclusions. Taking the Coriolis acceleration into account changes the subtle balance between prograde and retrograde waves in nonrotating stars. It also introduces new types of waves that are either purely prograde or retrograde. We show in this paper where the local deposition of angular momentum by such waves is important.
The Mediterranean Sea Regime Shift at the End of the 1980s, and Intriguing Parallelisms with Other European Basins

Background Regime shifts are abrupt changes encompassing a multitude of physical properties and ecosystem variables, which lead to new regime conditions. Recent investigations focus on the changes in ecosystem diversity and functioning associated to such shifts. Of particular interest, because of the implication on climate drivers, are shifts that occur synchronously in separated basins. Principal Findings In this work we analyze and review long-term records of Mediterranean ecological and hydro-climate variables and find that all point to a synchronous change in the late 1980s. A quantitative synthesis of the literature (including observed oceanic data, models and satellite analyses) shows that these years mark a major change in Mediterranean hydrographic properties, surface circulation, and deep water convection (the Eastern Mediterranean Transient). We provide novel analyses that link local, regional and basin scale hydrological properties with two major indicators of large scale climate, the North Atlantic Oscillation index and the Northern Hemisphere Temperature index, suggesting that the Mediterranean shift is part of a large scale change in the Northern Hemisphere. We provide a simplified scheme of the different effects of climate vs. temperature on pelagic ecosystems. Conclusions Our results show that the Mediterranean Sea underwent a major change at the end of the 1980s that encompassed atmospheric, hydrological, and ecological systems, for which it can be considered a regime shift. We further provide evidence that the local hydrography is linked to the larger scale, northern hemisphere climate. These results suggest that the shifts that affected the North, Baltic, Black and Mediterranean (this work) Seas at the end of the 1980s, that have been so far only partly associated, are likely linked as part a northern hemisphere change. These findings bear wide implications for the development of climate change scenarios, as synchronous shifts may provide the key for distinguishing local (i.e., basin) anthropogenic drivers, such as eutrophication or fishing, from larger scale (hemispheric) climate drivers.
Recovery of Incomplete Data of Statistical Livestock Number Applying an Entropy Approach

Antonio Xavier PhD student, Algarve University and CEFAGE (Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics) amxav@sapo.pt Maria de Belem Martins Assistant Professor, Algarve University and CEFAGE (Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics) mbmartins@ualg.pt Rui Fragoso Assistant Professor, Evora University and CEFAGE (Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics) rfragoso@uevora.pt
The XMM-Newton/2dF survey - III. Comparison between optical and X-ray cluster detection methods

We directly compare X-ray and optical techniques of cluster detection by combining Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric data with a wide-field (∼1.6 deg 2 ) XMM-Newton survey near the North Galactic Pole region. The optical cluster detection procedure is based on merging two independent selection methods: a smoothing + percolation technique and a matched filter algorithm. The X-ray cluster detection is based on a wavelet-based algorithm, incorporated in the Science Analysis System (SAS) v.5. 3 package. The final optical sample counts nine candidate clusters with estimated Automatic Plate Measuring like richness of more than 20 . galaxies, while the X-ray based cluster candidates total four. Three out of these four X-ray cluster candidates are also optically detected. We argue that the cause is that the majority of the optically detected clusters are relatively poor X-ray emitters, with X-ray fluxes fainter than the flux limit (for extended sources) of our survey, f x (0.3-2 keV) ≃ 2 x 10 -14 erg cm -2 s -1 .
Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Spinning and Carbonizing Fine Core–Shell Polymer Microspheres

Carbon nanotubes prepared from core-shell polymer particles are reported. As depicted in the Figure, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) core/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) shell microspheres are blended with a PMMA matrix, spun, and elongated. Then the shell is stabilized and finally carbonized to produce contaminant-free carbon nanotubes.
α-Latrotoxin Receptor, Latrophilin, Is a Novel Member of the Secretin Family of G Protein-coupled Receptors*

α-Latrotoxin (LTX) stimulates massive exocytosis of synaptic vesicles and may help to elucidate the mechanism of regulation of neurosecretion. We have recently isolated latrophilin, the synaptic Ca2+-independent LTX receptor. Now we demonstrate that latrophilin is a novel member of the secretin family of G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in secretion. Northern blot analysis shows that latrophilin message is present only in neuronal tissue. Upon expression in COS cells, the cloned protein is indistinguishable from brain latrophilin and binds LTX with high affinity. Latrophilin physically interacts with a Gαosubunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, because the two proteins co-purify in a two-step affinity chromatography. Interestingly, extracellular domain of latrophilin is homologous to olfactomedin, a soluble neuronal protein thought to participate in odorant binding. Our findings suggest that latrophilin may bind unidentified endogenous ligands and transduce signals into nerve terminals, thus implicating G proteins in the control of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.