Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Lineages of Human Breast Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells Identified by Profiling with Stem Cell Markers

Heterogeneity of cancer stem/progenitor cells that give rise to different forms of cancer has been well demonstrated for leukemia. However, this fundamental concept has yet to be established for solid tumors including breast cancer. In this communication, we analyzed solid tumor cancer stem cell markers in human breast cancer cell lines and primary specimens using flow cytometry. The stem/progenitor cell properties of different marker expressing-cell populations were further assessed by in vitro soft agar colony formation assay and the ability to form tumors in NOD/SCID mice. We found that the expression of stem cell markers varied greatly among breast cancer cell lines. In MDA-MB-231 cells, PROCR and ESA, instead of the widely used breast cancer stem cell markers CD44+/CD24-/low and ALDH, could be used to highly enrich cancer stem/progenitor cell populations which exhibited the ability to self renew and divide asymmetrically. Furthermore, the PROCR+/ESA+ cells expressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. PROCR could also be used to enrich cells with colony forming ability from MB-361 cells. Moreover, consistent with the marker profiling using cell lines, the expression of stem cell markers differed greatly among primary tumors. There was an association between metastasis status and a high prevalence of certain markers including CD44+/CD24−/low, ESA+, CD133+, CXCR4+ and PROCR+ in primary tumor cells. Taken together, these results suggest that similar to leukemia, several stem/progenitor cell-like subpopulations can exist in breast cancer.
Billboard: interacting with personal public displays

Billboard is an app we developed for people to create connections with others in the same physical space by posting digital content on a dual-screen laptop (a laptop with an additional screen on the cover). Our Windows 8 app lets people quickly display text and images to the external-facing screen to be viewed by collocated others. Those people in the same proximity can interact with that content digitally, or, walk up to the person posting and begin a conversation. This installation explores how people can interact across both the digital and physical, encouraging dynamic communication through expression on a personal public display.
Basal ganglia structure and the effects of neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness of unknown etiology. Clinical research has suggested that abnormalities of the basal ganglia are present in schizophrenia. Whether these abnormalities are present at the beginning of illness or progress with time remains controversial. Concomitantly, antipsychotic treatments, particularly traditional neuroleptics, may exert metabolic effects on the basal ganglia, but the effects of new atypical antipsychotic are unknown. To elucidate the nature of underlying basal ganglia structure and the effects of antipsychotic treatment on striatal morphology, clinical signs and symptoms, three MRI studies of basal ganglia volumes were conducted. In study A, baseline volumes in a cohort of drug-naive first episode psychosis (FEP) patients, chronically treated schizophrenia patients and healthy controls were assessed. Chronically treated patients had larger basal ganglia volumes compared to both never-medicated patients and healthy controls. Never-medicated patients' basal ganglia volumes were not different from controls. In study B, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and their relationship to neuroleptics and striatal volumes were examined. Prior to neuroleptic treatment, 39% of FEP patients had EPS at baseline. FEP patients who presented with parkinsonism had larger left caudate volumes than those who
Criança The Impact of Infant Temperament , Responsiveness and Maternal Childrearing Practices on Children Externalizing Behavior Problems and Social Competence

The study aimed at investigating the impact of children temperament, maternal responsiveness and maternal childrearing practices on children externalizing behavior problems and social competence. The study involved 23 child-mother dyads from different socio-economical backgrounds. In the baby’s third month after birth, child temperament and maternal responsiveness were evaluated. In the child’s thirteenth month after birth, maternal childrearing practices, externalizing behavior problems and child social competence were investigated. Multiple regression analysis revealed that only maternal childrearing practices were significant to explain the variance in the externalizing behaviors and social competence. The work discusses the relevance of parental practices and the limitations of the evaluation of temperament and maternal responsiveness as predictors for the comprehension of social development.
Statutinių organizacijų darbuotojų subjektyvios gerovės ypatumai

This paper aims to reveal the features of subjective well-being of employees of statutory organizations, as subjective well-being of employees has been identified by many authors to be contributing to work efficiency. In Lithuania, this kind of research has not been carried out before, even though there have been several attempts to analyze subjective well-being of students or medical workers. This article presents a survey (n=120), which was conducted in Lithuania in 2014. The aims of this survey were to find out features of subjective wellbeing of employees of statutory organizations as well as to identify some factors contributing to it. The questionnaire used in this research consisted of several standardized scales: Lithuanian Subjective Well-being Scale (Bagdonas, 2013), Lithuanian Locus of Control Scale (based on the Rotter model, Bagdonas, 1988), Lithuanian Coping with Stress Scale (Valickas, Grakauskas, 2006). The results demonstrated statistically significant relationships between subjective well-being and internal locus of control. It also showed some significant relationships between subjective well-being and coping strategies. However, some additional research is needed to understand better the factors contributing to subjective well-being of employees of statutory organizations.
Performance of Dynamic Instruction Window Resizing for a Given Power Budget under DVFS Control

Dynamic instruction window resizing (DIWR) is a scheme that effectively exploits both memory-level parallelism and instruction-level parallelism by configuring the instruction window size appropriately for exploiting each parallelism. Although a previous study has shown that the DIWR processor achieves a significant speedup, power consumption has not been explored. The power consumption is increased in DIWR because the instruction window resources are enlarged in memoryintensive phases. If the power consumption exceeds the power budget determined by certain requirements, the DIWR processor must save power and thus, the performance previously presented cannot be achieved. In this paper, we explore to what extent the DIWR processor can achieve improved performance for a given power budget, assuming that dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is introduced as a power saving technique. Evaluation results using the SPEC2006 benchmark programs show that the DIWR processor, even with a constrained power budget, achieves a speedup over the conventional processor over a wide range of given power budgets. At the most important power budget point, i.e., when the power a conventional processor consumes without any power constraint is supplied, DIWR achieves a 16% speedup. key words: microprocessor, superscalar processor, memory-level parallelism, instruction-level parallelism, power consumption
A Note on L-packets

One of the fundamental problems of local harmonic analysis is to classify the set Π(G) of equivalence classes of irreducible representations of G(F ). The problem separates naturally into two parts. The first is to establish the local Langlands correspondence. This conjecture of Langlands asserts that Π(G) is a disjoint union of finite subsets Πφ, indexed by (equivalence classes of) Langlands parameters φ for G. The sets Πφ are called L-packets, since their constituents could then be equipped with a common set of L-functions and e-factors, by the constructions of [T, §3–4] and [B, §12]. The second part of the problem is to classify the representations in a given packet Πφ. One would like to characterize them directly in terms of data attached to φ.
International comparisons of the consultation prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions using population-based healthcare data from England and Sweden

Objectives To assess the consultation prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions as presented in different healthcare systems, and to determine the feasibility of comparing prevalence figures between nations. Methods The settings were an English regional database (Consultations in Primary Care Archive (CiPCA)) and the Swedish Skåne County Health Care Register. Case definitions, data extraction and analysis procedures were harmonised. The number of people consulting per 10 000 registered population in primary care, and in primary or secondary care, in the year 2010 (annual consultation prevalence) were determined for doctor-diagnosed osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), low back pain, and spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Seven-year period consultation prevalences were also determined. Results Combining primary and secondary care, annual consultation prevalences of any MSK condition (2143 vs 1610/10 000) and low back pain (587 vs 294/10 000) were higher in England than in Sweden, but higher for RA, spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis in Sweden. Annual primary care prevalence figures for OA (176 vs 196/10 000), RA (25 vs 26/10 000), spondyloarthritis (both 8/10 000) and psoriatic arthritis (5 vs 3/10 000) were similar between England and Sweden. AS was rarely recorded in Swedish primary care. These patterns were also observed for 7-year period consultation prevalences. Conclusions A rigorous methodological approach allowed feasible comparison of MSK consultation prevalence between England and Sweden. Differences in prevalence of inflammatory and unspecific pain conditions may be partially explained by known variations in healthcare systems and recording practice. Routine healthcare data offers potential for investigating variations in occurrence and outcome of MSK conditions between nations.
Who Supports Populism and What Attracts People to It?

In this paper, we engage with the emerging literature that studies the support for populism by means of attitudes among the public at large. More specifically, our paper has two objectives. First, we extend recent research by Akkerman et al. by showing that their measure performs rather well in a context that differs from the one it was originally formulated in. Data from Flanders (the Dutch speaking part of Belgium, N = 1,577) also demonstrate that the support for populism can be empirically distinguished from feelings of lack of external political efficacy. Second, this is one of the first studies that assess who supports populism and why they do so. We show that populism is embedded in deep feelings of discontent, not only with politics but also with societal life in general. Moreover, we demonstrate that populism is strongest supported by stigmatized groups who face difficulties in finding a positive social identity. In the conclusion, we discuss the implications of our findings.
Approximate Visibility Grids for Interactive Indirect Illumination

The computation of indirect illumination is fundamental to simulate lighting within a virtual scene correctly and is critical when creating interactive applications, such as games for serious applications. The computation of such illumination is typically prohibitive for interactive or real-time performance if the visibility aspect of the indirect illumination is to be maintained. This paper presents a global illumination system which uses a structure termed the Approximate Visibility Grid (AVG) which enables interactive frame rates for multiple bounce indirect illumination for fully dynamic scenes on the GPU. The AVG is constructed each frame by making efficient use of the rasterisation pipeline. The AVG is then used to compute the visibility aspects of the light transport. We show how the AVG is used to traverse virtual point light sources in the context of instant radiosity, and demonstrate how our novel method enables interactive rendering of virtual scenes that require indirect illumination.
Behavior Metrics for Prioritizing Investigations of Exceptions

Many software development teams collect product defect reports, which can either be manually submitted or automatically created from product logs. Periodically, the teams use the collected defect reports to prioritize which defect to address next. We present a set of behavior-based metrics that can be used in this process. These metrics are based on the insight that development teams can estimate user inconvenience from user and application behavior in interaction logs. To estimate user inconvenience, the behavior metrics capture important user and application behavior after exceptions (the defects of interest in our case). We validated these metrics through a survey of how developers would incorporate the behavior metrics into their prioritization decisions. We found that developers change their priority of investigating an exception about 31% of the time after including the behavior metrics in the priority decision. These findings provide evidence that behavior metrics provide a promising advance towards prioritizing application exceptions.
Output Voltage Distortion Compensation for Matrix Converter Fed Induction Motor Driven System

Output voltage distortion of matrix converter is caused by non-ideal characteristics of power electronics, such as multi-step commutation delay, turn-on/off delay time, power device on-state voltage drop and minimum pulse width limitation, which straight deteriorates the performance of matrix converter fed induction motor drive system, especially during low-speed operation. In this paper, output voltage distortion of matrix converter under different conditions is analyzed. Based on the investigation, it is detected that, the output voltage error caused by multi-step commutation delay can be cancelled inherently by using three-step commutation. And two compensation methods are proposed to improve the output waveform quality for different causes. In both methods, only output current direction and very simple calculation are needed. Based on a 2.7 kVA matrix converter fed induction motor vector controlled drive prototype, the feasibility and validity of the proposed methods are verified by experimental results
Costs of Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Predictors of Adherence in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial

This study reports the costs associated with rehabilitation among participants in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), and evaluates factors associated with adherence to rehabilitation. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended for moderate-to-severe COPD and required by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) prior to lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Between January 1998 and July 2002, 1,218 subjects with emphysema and severe airflow limitation (FEV1 ≤ 45% predicted) were randomized. Primary outcome measures were designated as mortality and maximal exercise capacity 2 years after randomization. Pre-randomization, estimated mean total cost per patient of rehabilitation was $2,218 (SD $314; 2006 dollars) for the medical group and $2,187 (SD $304) for the surgical group. Post-randomization, mean cost per patient in the medical and surgical groups was $766 and $962 respectively. Among patients who attended ≥ 1 post-randomization rehabilitation session, LVRS patients, patients with an FEV1 ≥ 20% predicted, and higher education were significantly more likely to complete rehabilitation. Patients with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and those who live > 36 miles compared to < 6 miles away were less likely to be adherent. Patients who underwent LVRS completed more exercise sessions than those in the medical group and were more likely to be adherent with post-randomization rehabilitation. A better understanding of patient factors such as socioeconomic status, depression, anxiety and transportation issues may improve adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation.
Trends in Prokaryotic Evolution Revealed by Comparison of Closely Related Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes

ABSTRACT In order to explore microevolutionary trends in bacteria and archaea, we constructed a data set of 41 alignable tight genome clusters (ATGCs). We show that the ratio of the medians of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) that is used as a measure of the purifying selection pressure on protein sequences is a stable characteristic of the ATGCs. In agreement with previous findings, parasitic bacteria, notwithstanding the sometimes dramatic genome shrinkage caused by gene loss, are typically subjected to relatively weak purifying selection, presumably owing to relatively small effective population sizes and frequent bottlenecks. However, no evidence of genome streamlining caused by strong selective pressure was found in any of the ATGCs. On the contrary, a significant positive correlation between the genome size, as well as gene size, and selective pressure was observed, although a variety of free-living prokaryotes with very close selective pressures span nearly the entire range of genome sizes. In addition, we examined the connections between the sequence evolution rate and other genomic features. Although gene order changes much faster than protein sequences during the evolution of prokaryotes, a strong positive correlation was observed between the “rearrangement distance” and the amino acid distance, suggesting that at least some of the events leading to genome rearrangement are subjected to the same type of selective constraints as the evolution of amino acid sequences.
The Effect of Coping Mechanisms on Technology Induced Stress: Towards a Conceptual Model

Information and communication technology induced stress, called technostress, influences users negatively. Numerous investigations are made about technostress; however, none consider the concept of coping in order to explain strategies to avoid these negative consequences. Therefore, this paper develops a theoretical model to explain the coping process and how it influences technostress. The model theorizes that threat and coping appraisal are major determinants of emotional- and problem-focused coping whereby coping resources and individual’s controllability influence the choice and the efficacy of coping. The resulting problem- or emotional-focused coping strategies are theorized to moderate the stressor-strain relationship such that negative consequences can be avoided. The theoretical model suggests a different perspective on the linear view on the relationship between stressors and strain by proposing the consideration of the moderation effect of coping.
A Simultaneous Perturbation Approach for Solving Economic Dispatch Problems With Emission, Storage, and Network Constraints

In this paper, an environmental economic dispatch problem with storage, network, and inter-temporal constraints is considered. An approach based on the simultaneous perturbation technique is proposed to deal with the equality and inequality constraints in the economic dispatch problem. The algorithm has been implemented using Matlab and tested on a 6-bus, 5-generator system and a 140-bus, 48-generator system. The effects of cap-and-trade policies, energy storage, and transmission line flow limits in economic dispatch are discussed. The simulations reveal that the method can handle a variety of constraints with good convergence performance.
Adaptations to polar life in mammals and birds

ABSTRACT This Review presents a broad overview of adaptations of truly Arctic and Antarctic mammals and birds to the challenges of polar life. The polar environment may be characterized by grisly cold, scarcity of food and darkness in winter, and lush conditions and continuous light in summer. Resident animals cope with these changes by behavioural, physical and physiological means. These include responses aimed at reducing exposure, such as ‘balling up’, huddling and shelter building; seasonal changes in insulation by fur, plumage and blubber; and circulatory adjustments aimed at preservation of core temperature, to which end the periphery and extremities are cooled to increase insulation. Newborn altricial animals have profound tolerance to hypothermia, but depend on parental care for warmth, whereas precocial mammals are well insulated and respond to cold with non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, and precocial birds shiver to produce heat. Most polar animals prepare themselves for shortness of food during winter by the deposition of large amounts of fat in times of plenty during autumn. These deposits are governed by a sliding set-point for body fatness throughout winter so that they last until the sun reappears in spring. Polar animals are, like most others, primarily active during the light part of the day, but when the sun never sets in summer and darkness prevails during winter, high-latitude animals become intermittently active around the clock, allowing opportunistic feeding at all times. The importance of understanding the needs of the individuals of a species to understand the responses of populations in times of climate change is emphasized. Summary: Polar animals are well adapted to the hardships of polar life.
Targeting growth factor receptors: integration of novel therapeutics in the management of head and neck cancer

Tyrosine kinase (type 1) growth factor receptors include the erbB family. These cell surface receptors were discovered in the context of cellular transformation and have subsequently been found to be overexpressed in many types of human cancer. Cumulative evidence suggests that upregulation of the most well-characterized receptor, erbB1, also known as the epidermal growth factor receptor, plays a significant role in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. A variety of strategies have been developed that specifically target epidermal growth factor receptor, including monoclonal antibodies, ligand-linked immunotoxins, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antisense approaches. Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and preclinical animal models inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth. Clinical trials are under way to test the safety and efficacy of many of these targeting strategies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Encouraging preliminary results combining an epidermal growth factor receptor targeting approaches with chemotherapy or radiotherapy suggest that interference with this growth factor receptor may enhance antitumor efficacy of standard therapies. As erbB family member interactions and downstream signaling pathways are elucidated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, specific targeting strategies may become incorporated into standard treatment approaches.