Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selecting quasar candidates using a support vector machine classification system

We develop and demonstrate a classification system that is made up of several support vector machine (SVM) classifiers, which can be applied to select quasar candidates from large sky survey projects, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the UK Infrared Telescope Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX). Here, we present in detail a method for constructing this SVM classification system. When the SVM classification system works on the test set to predict quasar candidates, it acquires an efficiency of 93.21 per cent and a completeness of 97.49 per cent. In order to further prove the reliability and feasibility of this system, two chunks are randomly chosen to compare its performance with that of the XDQSO method used for the SDSS-III’s Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). The experimental results show that there is distinct overlap between the quasar candidates selected by this system and those extracted by the XDQSO technique in the dereddened i-band magnitude range between 17.75 and 22.45, especially in the interval of dereddened i-band magnitude <20.0. In the two test areas, 57.38 and 87.15 per cent of the quasar candidates predicted by the system are also targeted by the XDQSO method. Similarly, the prediction of subcategories of quasars according to redshift achieves a high level of overlap with these two approaches. Depending on the effectiveness of this system, the SVM classification system can be used to create an input catalogue of quasars for the Guoshoujing Telescope (also called the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope) or other spectroscopic sky survey projects. In order to obtain a higher confidence of quasar candidates, the cross-results from the candidates selected by this SVM system and by the XDQSO method can be used.
Automatic Caption Generation from Image: A Comprehensive Survey

In recent years, image captioning has progressively received attention by various researchers due to the speedy progress of AI, and become a remarkable task. Image caption automatically generates textual description in line with the contents ascertained in a picture, which is the association of knowledge of computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP). This paper gives a precise view of different architectures, benefits, and limitations of these architectures. It also provides different datasets and performance assessment criteria used in this field. Finally, this review paper discusses several unsolved issues in the image captioning task.
Different operational regimes in a helicon plasma source

The characterization of a helicon plasma source has been done in argon plasmas using a rf compensated Langmuir probe. It is now well known that helicon discharges exhibit three modes of operation: a capacitive mode (known as the E mode), which is a low-density mode (around 109 cm−3), an inductive mode (known as the H mode) with higher densities (1010 cm−3), and a helicon-wave sustained mode (known as the W mode) with very high densities (1011–1012 cm−3). By increasing the injected power, the transitions between these modes can be observed and correspond to sudden increases of the plasma density and of the glow brightness. In this article the performances of the helicon source in terms of density and plasma potential are presented and discussed. Transitions between the different coupling modes are observed and explained thanks to two phenomenological models and a good agreement is found between the experimental values and the model results. It has been shown that the main parameter, which determines the co.
Statistical process control procedures for correlated observations

Measurements from industrial processes are often serially correlated. The impact of this correlation on the performance of the cumulative sum and exponentially weighted moving average charting techniques is investigated in this paper. It is shown that serious errors concerning the “state of statistical process control” may result if the correlation structure of the observations is not taken into account. The use of time series methods for coping with serially correlated observations is outlined. Paper basis weight measurements are used to illustrate the time series methodology.
Sensor allocation with guaranteed exponential stability for linear multi‐rate sampled‐data systems

This paper addresses sensor allocation with guaranteed exponential stability for linear multi‐rate sampled‐data systems. It is assumed that a continuous‐time linear plant is exponentially stabilized by a continuous‐time linear controller. Given sensors with incommensurate sampling rates, the objective is to allocate each state to a sensor such that the resulting multi‐rate sampled‐data system remains exponentially stable. The main contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we propose sufficient Krasovskii‐based conditions to partition the state vector among sensors such that exponential stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed. Second, the problem of finding a partition that guarantees exponential stability is cast as a mixed integer program subject to linear matrix inequalities. The theoretical results are successfully applied to two robotic problems: path‐following in unicycles and hovering in quadrotors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SU‐GG‐T‐306: Can Single Dataset in Treatment Planning System Represent Several Beam‐Matched Accelerators?

Purpose: Beam matched accelerators can provide the flexibility within the radiotherapy department. Furthermore, the accelerators could be represented by single beam data set in the treatment planning system (TPS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the match between dosimetrical characteristics of Elekta accelerators. Method and Materials: The data from three accelerators was used in analysis. Three photon and six electron beams were matched according to the vendor specification. The first accelerator data served as reference. Subset of commissioning measurements for second and third accelerators was performed. The comparison was done in absolute terms, i.e. that PDDs and profiles were used with corresponding accelerator output factors. Results: The average difference between the sets of open field PDDs was −0.7%, −0.1% and −0.1% for 6, 10 and 15MV, respectively. Difference up to −2.2% was observed for 60° motorized wedge PDDs. Aligned profiles showed good agreement, with differences generally less than 1% at dmax and 10 cm for field sizes up to 30×30 cm2. For 40×40 cm2 diagonal profiles at dmax the maximum differences of 2.4% was observed. The difference of up to 4.5% between output factors for small fields have been observed which may result in larger discrepancies in IMRT fields. Conclusion: Beam match for photon beams showed a satisfactory agreement for open fields and support the use of a single data set for TPS. However, vendor's beam matching criteria is not strict enough and better beam matching could be achieved if instead of single value the subset of dosimetrical data is used together with corresponding output factors for both open and wedged fields. Although, scanned data for electron beams showed good agreement larger differences (up to 5%) in electron cone output factors does not support the use of a single dataset in TPS.
Selecting Priority Policy Strategies for Sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Takalar Regency

The current study aims to develop a strategic policy for the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) resilience system to deal with disruption during uncertainty and maintain sustainability. Previous studies stated that the MSMEs mortality rate was high, specifically in the first five years. This was caused by various internal weaknesses and the inability to deal with disruption amid uncertainty. The enterprises need government intervention to strengthen their resilience. Therefore, this study aimed to design a government policy model for a resilience system that connects actors, factors, goals, and alternative strategies during uncertainty. Since disruptions are complex, a holistic approach comprising resource theory, entrepreneurial orientation, corporate entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship ecosystem was used. The method used is the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process, involving 20 experts as respondents. The results showed that certain factors, actors, goals, and strategies must be prioritized in formulating a policy strategy for the sustainability system in Takalar Regency, Indonesia. The main factor is entrepreneurial orientation, while the actor is highly resilient MSMEs. Additionally, the goal is for the market to accept products, while innovative transformation is the alternative priority strategy to be implemented.
Comparison between gas puffing and supersonic molecular beam injection in plasma density feedback experiments in EAST

To achieve desirable plasma density control, a supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) feedback control system has been developed recently for the EAST tokamak. The performance of the SMBI and gas puffing (GP) feedback systems were used and compared. The performance of pulse width mode is better than that of pulse amplitude mode when GP was used for density feedback control. During one-day experiments, the variation of gas input and wall retention can be clarified into two stages. In the first stage the retention ratio is as high as 80–90%, and the gas input is about an order of 1022 D2. However, in the second stage, the retention ratio is at a range of 50–70%. The gas input of a single discharge is small and the net wall retention grows slowly. The results of the SMBI feedback control experiment was analyzed. The shorter delay time of SMBI makes it faster at feeding back control the plasma density. The result showed that, compared with GP, the gas input of SMBI was decreased ∼30% and the wall retention was reduced ∼40%. This shows SMBI's advantage for the long pulse high density discharges in EAST.
On Almost Interpolation

We obtain some characterizations of almost interpolation configurations of points with respect to finite-dimensional functional spaces. Particularly, a Schoenberg? Whitney type characterization which is valid for any multivariate spline space relative to an arbitrary partition of a domainA? Rmis presented. As a closely related problem we investigate sectional structure of finite-dimensional spaces of real functions on a topological spaceA. It is shown that under some reasonable restrictions onAany space of this sort may be considered as piecewise almost Chebyshev.
Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR)

Both space and time are fundamental in human activities as well as in various physical processes. Spatiotemporal analysis and modeling has long been a major concern of geographical information science (GIScience), environmental science, hydrology, epidemiology, and other research areas. Although the importance of incorporating the temporal dimension into spatial analysis and modeling has been well recognized, challenges still exist given the complexity of spatiotemporal models. Of particular interest in this article is the spatiotemporal modeling of local nonstationary processes. Specifically, an extension of geographically weighted regression (GWR), geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR), is developed in order to account for local effects in both space and time. An efficient model calibration approach is proposed for this statistical technique. Using a 19-year set of house price data in London from 1980 to 1998, empirical results from the application of GTWR to hedonic house price modeling demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its superiority to the traditional GWR approach, highlighting the importance of temporally explicit spatial modeling.
EELS study on BST thin film under electron beam irradiation

It was found that BST thin film was damaged by the irradiation of high density electron beam (the current density was about 2 nA/cm2). In-situ and real time EELS showed that the intensity ratio of Ti to O edge and the distance between Ti and O edge changed. It indicated that the film lost oxygen and thus the oxidation states of positive ions lowered. EELS study with high spatial resolution proved that compared with the inner of columnar grains, the grain boundaries with special structure and chemical environment were the main passageway of oxygen loss.
Positively-homogeneous Konus-Divisia indices and their applications to demand analysis and forecasting

This paper is devoted to revealed preference theory and its applications to testing economic data for consistency with utility maximization hypothesis, construction of index numbers, and forecasting. The quantitative measures of inconsistency of economic data with utility maximization behavior are also discussed. The structure of the paper is based on comparison between the two tests of revealed preference theory - generalized axiom of revealed preference (GARP) and homothetic axiom of revealed prefernce (HARP). We do this comparison both theoretically and empirically. In particular we assess empirically the power of these tests for consistency with maximization behavior and the size of forecasting sets based on them. For the forecasting problem we show that when using HARP there is an effective way of building the forecasting set since this set is given by the solution of the system of linear inequalities. The paper also touches upon the question of testing a set of Engel curves rather than finite set of observations for consistency with utility maximization behavior and shows that this question has effective solution when we require the rationalizing utility function to be positively homogeneous.
Acoustic radiation pressure acting on spherical and cylindrical shells

The acoustic radiation pressure resulting from a plane wave incident on spherical shells and cylindrical shells immersed in a fluid is investigated theoretically in relation to the thickness of the shell and the contents of the hollow region. The results for the frequency dependence of acoustic radiation pressure computed on the basis of the theory are demonstrated for stainless shells with the hollow region filled water or air. Significant differences in acoustic radiation pressure occur when the interior region is changed from water to air.
Magnetic field paralleliser for 2π electron-spectrometer and electron-image magnifier

An electron-optical device has been constructed in which electrons originally emitted over 2 pi steradians from a region of small volume are formed into a beam of half-angle 2 degrees . The instrument makes use of a magnetic field that diverges from 1 to 10-3 Tesla. The energies of the electrons parallelised in this way have been measured with a time-of-flight technique, giving energy resolutions as low as 15 meV. Electrons of energy 0-3 eV, formed in multiphoton ionisation, were used for these tests. The device can also act as an electron-image magnifier, giving a spatial resolution of a few mu m in the source plane. Detailed theoretical and computational results on the properties of the new apparatus are given.
Closed form spherical omnidirectional image unwrapping

This paper proposed a novel method of image unwrapping for spherical omnidirectional images acquired through a non-single viewpoint omnidirectional sensor. The proposed method comprises of three key steps, i.e. 1) calibrate the camera to obtain parameters describing the spherical omnidirectional sensor, 2) map world points onto mirror points and, subsequently, onto image points, and 3) set up the projection plane for the final image unwrapping. Depending on the projection plane selected, the algorithm is able to produce either the cylindrical panoramic, the cubloid panoramic, or the ground plane view using closed form mapping equations derived herein. The motivation for developing this technique is to address the complexity in using non-single viewpoint omnidirectional sensor; and ultimately promotes its adoption in robotics.
Convergence speed in multi‐objective metaheuristics: Efficiency criteria and empirical study

Solving optimization problems using a reduced number of objective function evaluations is an open issue in the design of multi‐objective optimization metaheuristics. The usual approach to analyze the behavior of such techniques is to choose a benchmark of known problems, to perform a predetermined number of function evaluations, and then, apply a set of performance indicators in order to assess the quality of the solutions obtained. However, this sort of methodology does not provide any insights of the efficiency of each algorithm. Here, efficiency is defined as the effort required by a multi‐objective metaheuristic to obtain a set of non‐dominated solutions that is satisfactory to the user, according to some pre‐defined criterion. Indeed, the type of solutions of interest to the user may vary depending on the specific characteristics of the problem being solved. In this paper, the convergence speed of seven state‐of‐the‐art multi‐objective metaheuristics is analyzed, according to three pre‐defined efficiency criteria. Our empirical study shows that SMPSO (based on a particle swarm optimizer) is found to be the best overall algorithm on the test problems adopted when considering the three efficiency criteria. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manufacture of Three-Dimensional Optofluidic Spot-Size Converters in Fused Silica Using Hybrid Laser Microfabrication

We propose a hybrid laser microfabrication approach for the manufacture of three-dimensional (3D) optofluidic spot-size converters in fused silica glass by a combination of femtosecond (fs) laser microfabrication and carbon dioxide laser irradiation. Spatially shaped fs laser-assisted chemical etching was first performed to form 3D hollow microchannels in glass, which were composed of embedded straight channels, tapered channels, and vertical channels connected to the glass surface. Then, carbon dioxide laser-induced thermal reflow was carried out for the internal polishing of the whole microchannels and sealing parts of the vertical channels. Finally, 3D optofluidic spot-size converters (SSC) were formed by filling a liquid-core waveguide solution into laser-polished microchannels. With a fabricated SSC structure, the mode spot size of the optofluidic waveguide was expanded from ~8 μm to ~23 μm with a conversion efficiency of ~84.1%. Further measurement of the waveguide-to-waveguide coupling devices in the glass showed that the total insertion loss of two symmetric SSC structures through two ~50 μm-diameter coupling ports was ~6.73 dB at 1310 nm, which was only about half that of non-SSC structures with diameters of ~9 μm at the same coupling distance. The proposed approach holds great potential for developing novel 3D fluid-based photonic devices for mode conversion, optical manipulation, and lab-on-a-chip sensing.
The semantics of actions in knowledge games

1 Knowledge games A knowledge game is deened by a dealing of cards over players, a set of possible actions (or moves), an order protocol to determine who is next to move, and a procedure to determine if a player has won. Cards do not change hands during a play of the game. A state of the game is deened by a given dealing of cards and an action sequence, initially empty. A dealing of cards is a function from the set of cards C to the set of players P. The initial state of the game can be represented by the dealing of cards. The initial state space S s corresponding to a dealing s, is the subset of P C where all players have the same number of cards as in s. Dealings s and s 0 are indistinguishable from each other for player p if they agree on his cards. This induces a structure (p) p2P on S s. is the transitive closure of all p. is the universal relation on S s. Let c p be the proposition corresponding to player p holding card c. The initial state of the game given a dealing s corresponds to the pointed Kripke model (hS s ; (p) p2P ; V i; s) with 8s 0 2 S s : V s 0 (c p) = 1 , s 0 (c) = p. A pointed multimodal S5 model is called a knowledge state. A knowledge state for a set of agents B is called a B knowledge state. Every state of a knowledge game is a knowledge state. A game action is a knowledge state transforming operation. 2 Uniform knowledge programs An action transforming a knowledge state can be described by a knowledge program. We deene the class of uniform knowledge programs (UKP). Many actions in knowledge games Ditmarsch 99] can be modelled as deterministic uniform knowledge programs. This includes all game actions in Cluedo, such as showing a card (only) to another player given a request for one of three cards. The class of uniform knowledge programs (UKP) is a subclass of the class of uniform partial knowledge programs (UPKP). Uniform partial knowledge programs are formed by tests, sequential execution, nondeterministic choice, and thèlearning with choice' operation`! ': ! B 0 stands for`, and group B learns (or 0)' { a group learns a nondeterministic choice between two programs, …
Vertical structure of vegetated land surfaces from interferometric and polarimetric radar

This paper describes the estimation of parameters characterizing the vertical structure of vegetated land surfaces, from combined interferometric and polarimetric radar data. Physical models expressing radar observations in terms of parameters describing vegetated land surfaces are the foundation for parameter estimation techniques. Defining a general complex cross correlation enables the unified development of models for interferometry and polarimetry, including polarimetric interferometry. Three simple physical models in this paper express this complex cross correlation in terms of vegetation parameters: (1) a randomly oriented volume, (2) a randomly oriented volume with a ground return, and (3) an oriented volume. For the first two models the parameters include vegetation height, extinction coefficient, underlying topography, and another parameter depending on ground electrical properties and roughness. For the oriented volume, additional parameters depend on the refractivity, extinction coefficients, and backscattering characteristics of waves propagating along eigenpolarizations of the vegetation volume. The above models show that the interferometric cross‐correlation amplitude and the polarimetric {HHHH/VVVV} ratio both change by about 1% per meter of vegetation height change, for experimental conditions typical of airborne and spaceborne interferometric radars. These vertical‐structure sensitivities prompt a parameter estimation demonstration with two‐baseline TOPSAR interferometric and zero‐baseline polarimetric data from the Boreal Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Southern Study Area in Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada. The demonstrations show the feasibility of measuring vegetation height to better than 4.2 m, underlying topography to better than 6.5 m, and the ratio of ground‐to‐volume power to better than 10%, using interferometry and polarimetry, coupled with parameter‐constraining assumptions, concerning the degree of surface roughness. This paper suggests that single‐baseline and multibaseline fully polarimetric interferometry have the potential to obviate the need for such assumptions, thereby making parameter estimation more robust, accurate, and realistic.
The multidimensional markov chain with prespecified asymptotic means, and (auto-)covariances

In this paper a method is presented to construct random time series which, starting from their present values, converge to stationary time series with a priori specified mean values, standard deviations, correlations and autocorrelations. The method is applied to simulate time series of price-inflation, wage-inflation, and interest rates, whose mean values, standard deviations, correlations and autocorrelations converge to the values which are estimated from historical data This application is a circular part of a Decision Support System which assists management of pension funds in analysing new methods of calculating pension premiums.