Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infrared Object-Tracking Algorithm With Temporal Features Fusion Siamese Network

Infrared object tracking is an important subfield of computer vision that has a wide range of applications in harsh tracking environments. However, the absence of color information and blurred video frames make infrared object tracking more challenging than RGB tracking. To make full use of temporal information in infrared (IR) video and improve tracking accuracy, we propose a temporal features fusion mechanism that can fuse target features extracted by Siamese networks at different moments while tracking, thus integrating the temporal information to improve the accuracy. Weights for each target feature are calculated separately based on channel and spatial aspects and then aggregated. This enables element-wise feature fusion with fewer parameters and reduced computational cost. In addition, we propose an online feature update method, which collects target information online through a target-specific network and evaluates the results of each tracking to obtain high-quality tracking samples for temporal feature fusion. Our method exhibits state-of-the-art tracking performance compared to other existing tracking methods. In addition, we analyze the influence of several main factors on temporal fusion networks through an ablation study.
Water and Solute Transport in a Cultivated Silt Loam Soil: 2. Numerical Analysis

A field experiment was performed to study the effects of soil structure heterogeneity generated by farming practices (i.e., compaction by wheel traffic, plowing, surface tillage) on plot‐scale water flow and solute transport. The experiment involved a 4 by 2 m2 field plot that was uniformly sprinkle irrigated with water and bromide for about 6 h. Independently measured soil hydraulic functions were used to simulate the experiment with a numerical flow and transport model (HYDRUS‐2D) using a fully deterministic approach for describing soil heterogeneity. The numerical model reproduced observed flow and transport processes only after adjustments were made to the soil hydraulic functions. Adjustments were needed to account for increased flow and transport into and through the soil between the compacted zones below the wheel tracks, and to predict double concentration peaks caused by the umbrella (or shadow) effects of compacted soil clods. Global optimization of the soil hydraulic parameters produced a satisfactory description of the very heterogeneous flow patterns, with the resulting hydraulic parameters showing only limited correlation among each other. We demonstrate that double‐peak concentration profiles can result from the presence of tillage‐induced soil heterogeneities.
Data mining applied about state madrasah using sentiment analysis on Twitter in Indonesian perception

Indonesian people prefer private schools with high prices, which is one of the exciting things to study. In fact, in the modern era, public schools have competed with private schools with international categories. The problem in public schools is the parent's perspective on the quality of education in public schools, especially public madrasahs. In addition, cases such as bullying and violence between schools. People on Twitter also have various perceptions of public madrasas, which are considered to have religiosity. This research uses the keywords public madrasah, quality management, and quality taken from Twitter using the Orange application. The amount of data in this research is 300 tweets from Twitter. As a result, there are both negative and positive sentiments toward public madrasas. However, the negative sentiment is higher than the positive sentiment. This means parents have more trust in private schools than in public madrasahs.
Abiotic characteristics and organic constituents of oviposition sites as oviposition attractants and stimulants for gravid female stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans

Gravid female stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), oviposit in many types of organic substrates, including animal feces, but there is limited information as to which factors mediate attraction and oviposition. Here, we (1) tested effects of oviposition site moisture and odor on attraction and oviposition by flies, and (2) selected a highly effective oviposition site (fly rearing medium) to determine the key constituent(s) that mediate(s) attraction and oviposition. In moving‐ and still‐air olfactometers as well as large laboratory rooms, we show that (1) odor and moisture of oviposition sites play distinguishable functional roles in the close‐range attraction of gravid female flies and their propensity to oviposit, (2) rearing medium containing fish food, wheat bran, wood chips, and a watery solution of ammonium bicarbonate [(NH4)HCO₃, releasing NH3 and CO2] is a more appealing oviposition site to female flies than is cow feces, (3) ammonium bicarbonate in this medium is the key constituent for stable fly attraction and oviposition, (4) NH3 alone or in combination with CO2, but not CO2 alone, attracts stable flies and induces oviposition, and (5) NH3/CO2 and fish food in combination are more attractive than NH3/CO2 or fish food alone. With fecal bacteria reportedly emitting NH3, and with stable fly larval development reportedly reliant on (fecal) microbes, it follows that gravid female flies may be guided by airborne microbe‐derived cues originating from prospective oviposition sites. Isolating these microbes and identifying their odorants could enable the development of a synthetic odor blend which, coupled with NH3 and CO2, may prove highly effective as a trap lure to capture gravid female stable flies.
Design thinking in Education: Empowering students in ELT class

This article explores the integration of Design Thinking into English Language Teaching (ELT) classrooms as a means to empower students. Design Thinking, a dynamic problem-solving framework, offers a student-centred approach to education that places learners at the forefront. This article further investigates the ideation phase, where creativity in language use is encouraged through technology integration and interactive activities. These practices align with 21st-century skill development, promoting creativity, critical thinking, and effective communication. Prototyping, another crucial Design Thinking stage, finds application in project-based learning activities that tangibly reinforce language skills while offering real-world context. The author explores the theories of testing phase that empowers students to apply language competence beyond the classroom, emphasizes the practical value of language acquisition. By examining the confluence of Design Thinking principles with ELT, this article discusses the potential to prepare students as not only proficient communicators but also as adaptable thinkers ready to navigate our interconnected world. Design Thinking, therefore, emerges as a powerful tool for transforming ELT classrooms into hubs of innovation and student empowerment.
Sub-5-Å La2O3 In Situ Dipole Technique for Large VFB Modulation With EOT Reduction and Improved Interface for HKMG Technology

In this article, an in situ La-dipole technique with atomic-scale atomic layer deposition (ALD) La2O3 in laminated high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dielectric stacks is presented, where the large flat-band voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{{\text {FB}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) modulation range is observed. Meanwhile, the lower equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and improvements in other electrical properties are obtained. With the in situ 4.6 Å La2O3 under HfO2, a 710 mV <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{{\text {FB}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> negative modulation range and a 0.15-nm EOT reduction are obtained. As for the gate leakage, more than two orders of magnitude decreasing under the same overdrive bias-voltage is achieved, and the same decreasing level of the voltage hysteresis under dual-sweeping is demonstrated for both obviously suppressed trap/detrap electron density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N} _{{\text {ot}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and interface trap density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D} _{{\text {it}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) by in situ La-dipole technique. Meanwhile, since the interdiffusion of La atoms and Si atoms was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, an interpretative model with LaSiOx formation by the element interdiffusion between laminated layer is proposed for explaining of electrical characteristics improvement by in situ La-dipole technique. The results exhibit a promising approach for multiple threshold voltage (multi-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{{\text {t}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) formation and further performance boosting in future nanosheet gate-all-around field effect transistors (NS GAA-FETs).
Study on Division of Precipitation in Northern China

The study of division,according to the annual and interannual variations,is separately carried out by using the cluster analysis and REOF analysis methods based on the monthly precipitation data at243 stations in Northern China during 1958-2009.According to the correspondence of changes of monthly precipitation,Northern China can be divided into seven regions.The study result shows that except for a few stations where there are two peaks of precipitation within one year,the characteristics of annual precipitation around the most areasof Northern China are similar,which precipitation in summer is much more than that in other seasons.With the same methods,the four-level divisionsof annual precipitation are obtained: 2,4,9 and 12 regions.In recent 52 years,the precipitation trend appeared downward in the eastern and central part of Northern China,while it increased in the westone.The division pattern of annual precipitation experienced a change in the 1980′s.From 1960′s to 1970′s,there are three regions.The east region and the west are more likely,distinguished from the central region.However,there weretwo regions since 1980′s,which represented the remarkable differences between the east region and the west.
A load-adaptive hoisting mechanism based on spring-loaded rope and variable radius reel

This paper proposes a new type of the load-adaptive hoisting mechanism (LAHM), which can automatically adjust transmission ratio based on the payload. The load-adaptive hoisting mechanism can perform high speed under light load condition and it can perform large output force under heavy load condition. Because variable radius reel and spring-load rope are used, it can conduct smooth and continuous adaptive adjustment according to the difference of payload. After the theoretical analysis of the load-adaptive hoisting mechanism proposed in this paper, we discuss the working principle of the mechanism and establish the theoretical relationship model which contains key mechanical parameters of the system. In addition, through the contrast experiment with the traditional reel mechanism, the results prove the superiority and efficiency of this mechanism. Finally, the experiment of glass tube with an explosion is designed, which proves the feasibility and advantages of this mechanism and makes it possible to be used widely. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Antioxidant evaluation and HPLC analysis of Buchanania lanzan and Buchanania siamensis leaf extracts

: Buchanania lanzan Spreng and Buchanania siamensis Miq. (Anacardiaceae) are traditional medicinal plants that are rich in phenolic compounds and are used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and pain. In the present study, the antioxidant potential of the distilled water and 80% ethanol extracts of B. lanzan and B. siamensis leaves was evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ROS assays. The simultaneous HPLC determination of three major compounds was developed and validated. In addition, the total phenolic contents of each extract were also measured. From HPLC parameter validation, good linearity was achieved, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.997. The method provided acceptable accuracy, specificity, and precision, suggesting that it could be suitably used for the quantification of the major compounds (myricitrin, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin) in the crude extracts of B. lanzan and B. siamensis . The results of the antioxidant assays showed that the ethanol extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extracts. The ethanol extract of B. lanzan leaves expressed the most antioxidant activity and could serve as a potential antioxidant source. Moreover, our validated technique would be beneficial for the quality control of the extract.
Usefulness of Saline Sealing in Preventing Pneumothorax after CT-Guided Biopsies of the Lung

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of saline sealing in reducing the incidence of pneumothorax after a CT-guided lung biopsy. This was a retrospective case-control study of patients who underwent CT-guided biopsies for lung tumors using 18 G semiautomatic core needles in conjunction with 17 G coaxial needles. The patients were divided into two consecutive groups: a historical Group A (n = 111), who did not receive saline sealing, and Group B (n = 87), who received saline sealing. In Group B, NaCl 0.9% was injected through the coaxial needle upon its removal. The incidence of pneumothorax and chest tube insertion was compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to verify the contribution of other pneumothorax risk factors. The study included 198 patients, with 111 in Group A and 87 in Group B. There was a significantly (p = 0.02) higher pneumothorax rate in Group A (35.1%, n = 39) compared to Group B (20.7%, n = 18). The difference regarding chest tube insertion was not significant (p = 0.1), despite a tendency towards more insertions in Group A (5.4%, n = 6), compared to Group B (1.1%, n = 1). Among the risk factors for pneumothorax, only the presence of emphysema (OR = 3.5, p = 0.0007) and belonging to Group A (OR = 2.2, p = 0.02) were significant. Saline sealing of the needle tract after a CT-guided lung biopsy can significantly reduce the incidence of pneumothorax. This technique is safe, readily available, and inexpensive, and should be considered as a routine preventive measure during this procedure.
Behavioral Analysis of Backdoor Malware Exploiting Heap Overflow Vulnerabilities Using Data Mining and Machine Learning

Backdoor malware remains a persistent and elusive threat that successfully evades conventional detection methods through intricate techniques, such as registry key concealment and API call manipulation. In this study, we introduce an approach to detect backdoor malware, drawing upon the diverse domains of cybersecurity. Our method combines static and dynamic analysis techniques with machine learning methodologies, particularly emphasizing classification and feature engineering. Through static analysis, we extract valuable raw features from malware binaries. Discerning the most significant attributes, we delve into the calling frequencies embedded within these raw features. Subsequently, these selected attributes undergo a meticulous refinement process facilitated by feature engineering techniques, culminating in a streamlined set of distinctive features. To accurately detect malware exploiting heap-based overflow vulnerabilities, we employ three distinct yet potent classifiers: J48, Naïve Bayes, and Simple Logistic. These classifiers are trained and tested using carefully curated feature sets. Our approach combines machine learning and data mining principles to develop a comprehensive malware detection methodology. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach through rigorous validation using two distinct settings: a dedicated training/testing set and a comprehensive 10-fold validation. Our approach simultaneously achieves 90.29% and 84.46% accuracy in train/ test split and cross-validation strategies.
Global correlation of lower mantle structure and past subduction

Advances in global seismic tomography have increasingly motivated identification of subducted lithosphere in Earth's deep mantle, creating novel opportunities to link plate tectonics and mantle evolution. Chief among those is the quest for a robust subduction reference frame, wherein the mantle assemblage of subducted lithosphere is used to reconstruct past surface tectonics in an absolute framework anchored in the deep Earth. However, the associations heretofore drawn between lower mantle structure and past subduction have been qualitative and conflicting, so the very assumption of a correlation has yet to be quantitatively corroborated. Here we show that a significant, time‐depth progressive correlation can be drawn between reconstructed subduction zones of the last 130 Myr and positive S wave velocity anomalies at 600–2300 km depth, but that further correlation between greater times and depths is not presently demonstrable. This correlation suggests that lower mantle slab sinking rates average between 1.1 and 1.9 cm yr−1.
A new method for orthographic video map construction based on video and GIS

Abstract For the problem that the non-ground plane and dynamic object areas in surveillance videos have large deformation after geographic mapping, a new method for orthographic video map construction (OVMC) based on video and GIS is proposed. Firstly, the segmented video background (SegBG), dynamic object sub-image (SubObjPic) and its coordinates are extracted. Secondly, the homography matrix (H) is solved. An area (R) is set in a 2D map. based on H−1, the orthophoto map of the video background (OrviBG) is constructed. Finally, each SubObjPic are converted to geographic space and overlaid on OrviBG, then the ortho video map is generated. The results show that:(1) The accuracy of the semantic segmentation model for removing non-ground plane is 96.70%; (2) Compared with the traditional method, the amount of orthographic video is reduced by 22.9%; (3) The deformation of non-ground and dynamic object areas is eliminated. This method can promote the deep integration of surveillance video and GIS.
Carbon and Nutrients from Organic Residues Modulate the Dynamics of Prokaryotic and Fungal Communities

Inputs of carbon (C) and nutrients from organic residues may select specific microbes and shape the soil microbial community. However, little is known about the abiotic filtering of the same residues with different nutrient concentrations applied to the soil. In our study, we explored how applying organic residue, vinasse, as fertilizer in its natural state (V) versus its concentrated form (CV) impacts soil microbiota. We conducted two field experiments, evaluating soil prokaryotic and fungal communities over 24 and 45 days with vinasse (V or CV) plus N fertilizer. We used 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicon sequencing. Inorganic N had no significant impact on bacterial and fungal diversity compared to the control. However, the varying concentrations of organic C and nutrients in vinasse significantly influenced the soil microbiome structure, with smaller effects observed for V compared to CV. Prokaryotic and fungal communities were not correlated (co-inertia: RV coefficient = 0.1517, p = 0.9708). Vinasse did not change the total bacterial but increased the total fungal abundance. A higher C input enhanced the prokaryotic but reduced the fungal diversity. Our findings highlight vinasse’s role as an abiotic filter shaping soil microbial communities, with distinct effects on prokaryotic and fungal communities. Vinasse primarily selects fast-growing microorganisms, shedding light on the intricate dynamics between organic residues, nutrient concentrations, and soil microbes.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade (RAASB) After Acute Kidney Injury: The Controversy Thickens on If and When to Discontinue RAASB

Unquestionably, there is a common consensus regarding cardiorenal protection with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade (RAASB) in both diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, there remain conflicting retrospective reports regarding renal and cardiovascular mortality outcomes following discontinuation of RAASB in advanced CKD. We present an editorial on a recent article discussing renal and mortality outcomes among hospitalized veterans who were started back on RAASB versus those who were not started back on RAASB. The controversy surrounding this topic thickens as the analysis unfolds.
Dynamics of poverty, livelihoods and property rights in the Lower Nyando Basin of Kenya

Data from 14 villages representing contrasting circumstances around the Lower Nyando basin in Kenya indicate that the incidence of poverty is higher in the flood plain than in the other parts of the basin. Over the last ten years, poverty has risen significantly in an area controlled by the National Irrigation Board (NIB), increased slowly in smallholder mixed farming areas, and remained relatively stable in areas supported by the Provincial Irrigation Unit (PIU). Reasons for these trends are discussed, and are linked to factors including land tenure and forms of external support. Customary gender biases against women are also exacerbated in the irrigation schemes. As it plans a revitalization of the irrigation sector under the new Water Act of 2002, the government should consider organizational arrangements that will provide women and men farmers with suitable services without compromising their discretion over land and water use.
Ketamine treatment modulates habenular and nucleus accumbens static and dynamic functional connectivity in major depression

Dysfunctional reward processing in major depressive disorder (MDD) involves functional circuitry of the habenula (Hb) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Ketamine elicits rapid antidepressant and alleviates anhedonia in MDD. To clarify how ketamine perturbs reward circuitry in MDD, we examined how serial ketamine infusions (SKI) modulate static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in Hb and NAc networks. MDD participants (n=58, mean age=40.7 years, female=28) received four ketamine infusions (0.5mg/kg) 2-3 times weekly. Resting-state fMRI scans and clinical assessments were collected at baseline and 24 hours post-SKI completion. Static FC (sFC) and dynamic FC variability (dFCv) were calculated from left and right Hb and NAc seeds to all other brain regions. Paired t-tests examined changes in FC pre-to-post SKI, and correlations were used to determine relationships between FC changes with mood and anhedonia. Following SKI, significant increases in left Hb-bilateral visual cortex FC, decreases in left Hb-left inferior parietal cortex FC, and decreases in left NAc-right cerebellum FC occurred. Decreased dFCv between left Hb and right precuneus and visual cortex, and decreased dFCv between right NAc and right visual cortex both significantly correlated with improvements in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Decreased FC between left Hb and bilateral visual/parietal cortices as well as increased FC between left NAc and right visual/parietal cortices both significantly correlated with improvements in anhedonia. Subanesthetic ketamine modulates functional pathways linking the Hb and NAc with visual, parietal, and cerebellar regions. Overlapping effects between Hb and NAc functional systems were associated with therapeutic response of ketamine.