Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is there Such a thing as a ‘Healthy Occlusion'? Lessons from History

Opinions on occlusion and its link to oral health could not be more diverse. These opinions are used as justification for an equally diverse range of treatments for so-called occlusally related problems, from heavy wear to chronic orofacial pain. Many claim to have evidence to back up their opinions, although much of it appears to be from a very weak source or based on clinical experience. The strongest case appears to be made by those who believe there is no link, by virtue of a lack of evidence to support its existence. Yet for many clinicians, it is a self-evident truth that occlusion must be related in some way to the function and dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. This article uses historical research to highlight where the pro-occlusionists may be going wrong. It also offers a new concept, based on anthropological studies, that indicates occlusion's link to oral health, and explains why most patients appear to have no occlusal problems for most of the time. This theory needs to be tested by researchers to establish its validity. In the meantime, dentists who feel the need to treat occlusal problems will find it supports a very conservative approach to care.
Clinical Outcomes in Middle Cerebral Artery Trunk Occlusions Versus Secondary Division Occlusions After Mechanical Thrombectomy: Pooled Analysis of the Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI) and Multi MERCI Trials

Background and Purpose— The benefit of endovascular revascularization of patients with acute ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery (MCA) secondary division (M2) occlusions as compared with MCA trunk (M1) occlusions is not known. In this analysis, we compared revascularization status and clinical outcomes in patients with angiographically confirmed MCA M1 versus isolated M2 occlusions treated with mechanical thrombectomy using the Merci Retriever devices. Methods— We retrospectively analyzed the pooled data of patients with MCA strokes from the Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI) and Multi MERCI trials. Patient data were dichotomized into 2 groups: MCA M1 occlusions and isolated M2 occlusions. Baseline characteristics, revascularization rates, hemorrhage rates, complications, outcomes, and mortality were evaluated for both groups. Results— Of 178 patients with MCA occlusion treated in the MERCI and Multi MERCI trials, 84.3% had M1 lesions and 15.7% had isolated M2 lesions. Patients with isolated M2 occlusions were revascularized at a higher rate, required a lower mean number of passes, and were associated with a trend toward shorter mean procedure time than patients with M1 occlusions. No statistically significant differences were found between M2 and M1 groups for symptomatic hemorrhage, clinically significant procedural adverse events, favorable 90-day outcome, or 90-day mortality, although in all instances, the M2 outcomes were numerically better than those in M1 subjects. In multivariate analysis, final revascularization was the strongest independent predictor of good outcome at 90 days. Conclusions— Patients with both MCA M1 occlusions and isolated M2 occlusions can achieve a relatively high rate of revascularization and favorable clinical outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy. In fact, patients with isolated M2 occlusions had a higher rate of revascularization, required fewer passes, and had no increased complications compared with patients with M1 occlusions.
SPFEMD: Super-pixel Based Finger Earth Mover’s Distance for Hand Gesture Recognition

In this paper, we propose super-pixel based finger earth mover’s distance (SPFEMD) for hand gesture recognition. For finger representation, we design SPFEMD for similarity measurement between fingers and hand gestures, and use it as the distance metric for hand gesture recognition. First, we extract hands without any user interaction using both color and depth from Kinect camera. Then, we obtain the seed for hand segmentation on the depth map and segment hand on the color image using the seed. Since fingers contain distinct features for hand gesture recognition, we decompose the hand segment into palm and fingers based on morphological operation. Finally, we perform hand gesture recognition from fingers based on SPFEMD. Experiments on publicly available and our own data sets show the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-arts in terms of accuracy and confusion matrices.
Multispectral Spatial Characterization: Application to Mitosis Detection in Breast Cancer Histopathology

Accurate detection of mitosis plays a critical role in breast cancer histopathology. Manual detection and counting of mitosis is tedious and subject to considerable inter- and intra-reader variations. Multispectral imaging is a recent medical imaging technology, proven successful in increasing the segmentation accuracy in other fields. This study aims at improving the accuracy of mitosis detection by developing a specific solution using multispectral and multifocal imaging of breast cancer histopathological data. We propose to enable clinical routine-compliant quality of mitosis discrimination from other objects. The proposed framework includes comprehensive analysis of spectral bands and z-stack focus planes, detection of expected mitotic regions (candidates) in selected focus planes and spectral bands, computation of multispectral spatial features for each candidate, selection of multispectral spatial features and a study of different state-of-the-art classification methods for candidates classification as mitotic or non mitotic figures. This framework has been evaluated on MITOS multispectral medical dataset and achieved 60% detection rate and 57% F-Measure. Our results indicate that multispectral spatial features have more information for mitosis classification in comparison with white spectral band features, being therefore a very promising exploration area to improve the quality of the diagnosis assistance in histopathology.
Smad-Dependent and Smad-Independent Induction of Id1 by Prostacyclin Analogues Inhibits Proliferation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Rationale: Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II) are responsible for the majority of cases of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mutations lead to reduced Smad1/5-driven expression of inhibitor of DNA binding protein 1 (Id1) and loss of the growth suppressive effects of BMPs. The impact of existing PAH therapies on BMP signaling is lacking. Objective: Because prostacyclin analogues are effective treatments for clinical PAH, we hypothesized that these agents enhance Smad1/Id1 signaling. Methods and Results: Iloprost alone induced Id1 expression in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), an effect that was independent of Smad1/5 activation but dependent on a cAMP-responsive element in the Id1 promoter. In addition, iloprost and treprostinil enhanced BMP-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5 and Id1 expression in a cAMP-dependent manner. The mechanism involved suppression of inhibitory Smad, Smad6. Furthermore, iloprost rescued the deficit in Smad1/5 phosphorylation and Id gene expression in PASMCs harboring mutations in BMPR-II and restored growth suppression to BMP4 in mutant PASMCs. We confirmed a critical role for Id1 in PASMC proliferation. Reduced expression of Id1 was observed in concentric intimal lesions of heritable PAH cases. In the monocrotaline rat model of PAH, associated with reduced BMPR-II expression, we confirmed that treprostinil inhibited smooth muscle cell proliferation and prevented progression of PAH while enhancing Smad1/5 phosphorylation and Id1 gene expression. Conclusions: Prostacyclin analogues enhance Id1 expression in vitro and in vivo and restore deficient BMP signaling in BMPR-II mutant PASMCs.
Fundamental Frequency Contour Classification: A Comparison between Hand-crafted and CNN-based Features

In this paper, we evaluate hand-crafted features as well as features learned from data using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for different fundamental frequency classification tasks. We compare classification based on full (variable-length) contours and classification based on fixed-sized subcontours in combination with a fusion strategy. Our results show that hand-crafted and learned features lead to comparable results for both classification scenarios. Aggregating contour-level to file-level classification results generally improves the results. In comparison to the hand-crafted features, our examination indicates that the CNN-based features show a higher degree of redundancy across feature dimensions, where multiple filters (convolution kernels) specialize on similar contour shapes.
Multi-Sensory and Sensorimotor Foundation of Bodily Self-Consciousness – An Interdisciplinary Approach

Scientific investigations on the nature of the self have so far focused on high-level mechanisms. Recent evidence, however, suggests that low-level bottom-up mechanisms of multi-sensory integration play a fundamental role in encoding specific components of bodily self-consciousness, such as self-location and first-person perspective (Blanke and Metzinger, 2009). Self-location and first-person perspective are abnormal in neurological patients suffering from out-of-body experiences (Blanke et al., 2004), and can be manipulated experimentally in healthy subjects by imposing multi-sensory conflicts (Lenggenhager et al., 2009). Activity of the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) reflects experimentally induced changes in self-location and first-person perspective (Ionta et al., 2011), and dysfunctions in TPJ are causally associated with out-of-body experiences (Blanke et al., 2002). We argue that TPJ is one of the key areas for multi-sensory integration of bodily self-consciousness, that its levels of activity reflect the experience of the conscious “I” as embodied and localized within bodily space, and that these mechanisms can be systematically investigated using state of the art technologies such as robotics, virtual reality, and non-invasive neuroimaging.
Proof Verbalization as an Application of NLG

This paper describes the linguistic part of a system called PROVERB, which transforms, abstracts,and verbalizes machine-found proofs into formatedtexts. Linguistically, the architecture of PROVERB follows most application oriented systems, and is a pipelined control of three components. Its macroplanner linearizes a proof and plans mediating communicative acts by employing a combination of hierarchical planning and focus-guided navigation. The microplanner then maps communicative acts and domain concepts into linguistic resources, paraphrases and aggregates such resources to producethe final Text Structure. A Text Structure contains all necessary syntactic information, and can be executed by our realizer into grammatical sentences. The system works fully automatically and performs particularly well for textbook size examples.
Visualisation de digests d'emails en entreprise

In this article we focus on emails digests visualization, namely the graphical representation of a compact set of emails in a single email [26]. The objective of this technique is to synthesize a set of data contained in emails to assist the user in decision-making and results sharing. Our contribution consists in extending the techniques introduced in [26] by describing digests examples, using visualization techniques such as word clouds or graphs. We detail the implementation as a webmail and we discuss our early technical and ergonomic issues observed while deploying this technique in a production context.
Effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana) Pericarp Extract in Reducing the Heat Stress of Laying Quails

| The study was investigated the effects of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp extract (MCE) dissolved in drinking wateron the heat stress (hot season) of laying quails. A total of 700 laying quails with average initial egg production of 82.38% ± 0.98 were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Each group had seven replications of 25 quails for each. The treatment groups included a control group that did not receive mangosteen pericarp crude extract (MCE) supplementation and three groups that received dilution ratios of MCE to water of 1:5 (MCE5), 1:10 (MCE10) and 1:15 (MCE15), respectively. The quails were consumed the different MCE dilutions during summer for 16 weeks. The temperature was ranged from 35 °C to 37 °C. The experimental quails were exposed to chronic heat stress for four hours daily under an open-housed system. The result showed that the feed conversion ratio, yolk color, total cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase were unaffected by the MCE treatments (P > 0.05). However, feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass were significantly increased by the addition of MCE (P ≤ 0.05). Linear improvements in Haugh unit (P= 0.014), specific gravity (P= 0.089) and eggshell components (P= 0.033) were detected with increasing dilutions of MCE. Heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (H/L ratio) also tended to be lower in the quails that received MCE treatment (P= 0.071). Low-density lipoproteins and glucose concentrations decreased, whereas an increase in high-density lipoprotein was detected with the addition of MCE (P ≤ 0.05) increased. We furthermore the fecal microbial populations such as Salmonella enteritidis, Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli were influenced by MCE treatment in the laying quails (P≤0.05). In conclusion, we found that the addition of MCE to drinking water could be an alternative approach to reduce the heat stress effect in laying quails.
Particulate methane monooxygenase genes in methanotrophs

A 45-kDa membrane polypeptide that is associated with activity of the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) has been purified from three methanotrophic bacteria, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence was found to be identical in 17 of 20 positions for all three polypeptides and identical in 14 of 20 positions for the N terminus of AmoB, the 43-kDa subunit of ammonia monooxygenase. DNA from a variety of methanotrophs was screened with two probes, an oligonucleotide designed from the N-terminal sequence of the 45-kDa polypeptide from Methylococcus capsulatus Bath and an internal fragment of amoA, which encodes the 27-kDa subunit of ammonia monooxygenase. In most cases, two hybridizing fragments were identified with each probe. Three overlapping DNA fragments containing one of the copies of the gene encoding the 45-kDa pMMO polypeptide (pmoB) were cloned from Methylococcus capsulatus Bath. A 2.1-kb region was sequenced and found to contain both pmoB and a second gene, pmoA. The predicted amino acid sequences of these genes revealed high identity with those of the gene products of amoB and amoA, respectively. Further hybridization experiments with DNA from Methylococcus capsulatus Bath and Methylobacter albus BG8 confirmed the presence of two copies of pmoB in both strains. These results suggest that the 45- and 27-kDa pMMO-associated polypeptides of methanotrophs are subunits of the pMMO and are present in duplicate gene copies in methanotrophs.
Bounded epsilon-Reach Set Computation of a Class of Deterministic and Transversal Linear Hybrid Automata

We define a special class of hybrid automata, called Deterministic and Transversal Linear Hybrid Automata (DTLHA), whose continuous dynamics in each location are linear time-invariant (LTI) with a constant input, and for which every discrete transition up to a given bounded time is deterministic and, importantly, transversal. For such a DTLHA starting from an initial state, we show that it is possible to compute an approximation of the reach set of a DTLHA over a finite time interval that is arbitrarily close to the exact reach set, called a bounded epsilon-reach set, through sampling and polyhedral over-approximation of sampled states. We propose an algorithm and an attendant architecture for the overall bounded epsilon-reach set computation process.
Comparative Studies on Phytochemical Screening and Metal Analysis of Hydro alcoholic Extracts of Beta Vulgaris, Carica Papaya, and Vitis vinifera

A metal is a word which is derived from Greek called as métallon [1,2]. Metal is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. About 91 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals. Metals are mainly divided into five types based upon its nature [3-5]. Some metals adopt both structures depending on the temperature [6] (Table 1). According to IOM recommended guidelines the adequate intake of minerals is given below along with their advantageous and disadvantages [7-22] (Tables 2 & 3). World health organization currently encourages, recommends and promotes traditional/ herbal preparation in National Health Programmers because such drugs are easily available at low cost, are comparatively safe and the people have faith in such remedies. Some traditional medicine/herbal preparation with ancient formulas have been found to contain some metals, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lithium etc. Even though the herbal preparations are safe, but some of the herbal preparations cause serious poisoning and toxic effect, due to the preparations containing dangerous toxic drugs or metals. Both medical professional and the general public should be alerted to the potential toxicity of herbal preparation. There should be frequent monitoring of herbal preparations, containing toxic drugs or metals. The objective of the study was to determine the concentration of metals in plants that are used in medicine by the local community. Analysis of the metal in selected plant samples was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Measurements were made using a hollow electron
Neural Segregation of Objective and Contextual Aspects of Fairness

Perception of fairness can influence outcomes in human exchange. However, an inherent subjectivity in attribution renders it difficult to manipulate fairness experimentally. Here using a modified ultimatum game, within a varying social context, we induced a bias in human subjects' acceptance of objectively identical offers. To explain this fairness-related behavior, we use a computational model to specify metrics for the objective and contextual aspects of fairness, testing for correlations between these model parameters and brain activity determined using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We show that objective social inequality, as defined by our model, is tracked in posterior insula cortex. Crucially, this inequality is integrated with social context in posterior and mid-insula, consistent with construction of a fairness motivation that flexibly adapted to the social environment. We suggest that the dual importance of objective and contextual aspects to fairness we highlight might explain seemingly inconsistent societal phenomena, including public attitudes to income disparities.
An adaptive fuzzy approach to obstacle avoidance

Reinforcement learning based on a new training method previously reported guarantees convergence and an almost complete set of rules. However, there are two shortcomings remained: 1) the membership functions of the input sensor readings are determined manually and take the same form; and 2) there are still a small number of blank rules needed to be manually inserted. To address these two issues, this paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy approach using a supervised learning method based on backpropagation to determine the parameters for the membership functions for each sensor reading. By having different input fuzzy sets, each sensor reading contributes differently in avoiding obstacles. Our simulations show that the proposed system converges rapidly to a complete set of rules, and if there are no conflicting input-output data pairs in the training sets, the proposed system performs collision-free obstacle avoidance.
Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The advent of PCR has improved the identification of viruses in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Several studies have used PCR to establish the importance of viruses in the aetiology of CAP. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies that reported the proportion of viral infection detected via PCR in patients with CAP. We excluded studies with paediatric populations. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with viral infection. The secondary outcome was short-term mortality. Our review included 31 studies. Most obtained PCR via nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab. The pooled proportion of patients with viral infection was 24.5% (95% CI 21.5–27.5%). In studies that obtained lower respiratory samples in >50% of patients, the proportion was 44.2% (95% CI 35.1–53.3%). The odds of death were higher in patients with dual bacterial and viral infection (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.32–3.31). Viral infection is present in a high proportion of patients with CAP. The true proportion of viral infection is probably underestimated because of negative test results from nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab PCR. There is increased mortality in patients with dual bacterial and viral infection. Viral infection is present in a high proportion of patients with community-acquired pneumonia http://ow.ly/X03pK
Differences in the intracellular accumulation of HIV protease inhibitors in vitro and the effect of active transport

ObjectivesTo investigate the intracellular accumulation of HIV protease inhibitors (PI) and to assess the effect of active transport on this accumulation. MethodsCEM cells were incubated with a PI for 18 h and the intracellular concentration determined using cell number and radioactivity. The effect of active transport was investigated using cells expressing P-glycoprotein (CEMVBL) and cells expressing multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1; CEME1000). Incubations were also carried out at 4°C and in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose plus rotenone to examine the effect of inhibiting active transport. ResultsNelfinavir (NFV) accumulated to the greatest extent (> 80-fold) followed by saquinavir (SQV; ∼ 30-fold), ritonavir (RTV; 3–7-fold) and finally indinavir (IDV; extracellular equivalent to intracellular). In CEMVBL cells there was a significant reduction in the intracellular accumulation of NFV, SQV and RTV and in CEME1000 cells there was reduced accumulation of SQV and RTV. Inhibition of active transport processes caused a reduction in SQV and RTV accumulation but had no effect on IDV accumulation in all cell types. NFV accumulation was increased in CEMVBLcells as a result of inhibition of active transport. ConclusionsMarked differences can be detected in the intracellular accumulation of HIV PI drugs in vitro. Both P-glycoprotein and MRP1 may play a role in limiting the intracellular concentration of the PI and active influx mechanisms may contribute to drug accumulation.