Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How student teachers develop their understanding of teaching using ICT

Forty-four student teachers' existing understanding of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and the way it changes as they learn to teach is examined. The cohort were taking a postgraduate certificate in education course at the University of Cambridge UK in 2000–2001. Data from assignments, questionnaires and interviews were analysed. The students had a variety of views about teaching using ICT. Their understanding of ICT became more sophisticated over the year in three stages, which involved processes of personalisation, growth of pedagogical sensitivity and the development of contingent thinking. Students valued reflective assignments, university-based tuition and experience of teaching using ICT as ways of developing their thinking and practice. Implications of the findings for those involved in teacher education are suggested.
Dor, autorregulação e temperamento em recém-nascidos pré-termo de alto risco

High risk preterm newborns are exposed to unavoidable painful experiences in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. In spite of their biological immaturity, they are able to perceive and react to pain stimuli. Repetitive exposure to pain has a negative impact on the development and may increase the infant's vulnerability, affecting self-regulatory processes. Biobehavioral reactivity to pain is an indicator of self-regulation and it is associated to the child's temperament. Preterm infants need pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for pain relieving. Moreover, they need a context of synchronic interaction with their parents which must be adapted to their temperament characteristics. Health professionals may play an important role in supporting external regulation for those infants, promoting pain relief and preventing development problems.
Investigation of in-line EDFA performance dependence on channel spacing in WDM transmission systems

The aim of this paper is to estimate the impact of changing channel spacing in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transmission system on the performance of the in-line erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The performance of the EDFA was investigated in a 16 channel 9.953 Gbit/s WDM transmission system with non-return-to-zero encoding technique, intensity on-off keying modulation format (NRZ-OOK) and three different values of channel spacing (37.5 GHz, 50 GHz and 100 GHz). The single-pump EDFA solution with co-propagating pumping radiation and 12 m long erbium doped fiber was used. To estimate the impact of changes of channel spacing on the performance of the in-line EDFA, the minimal pump power that is required to ensure a certain quality of the signal for each channel spacing was found. To assess the performance of the EDFA, the dependences of the maximal BER values among all the channels on the power of the detected signals for each channel spacing are compared to the same results obtained in a 16 channel WDM system with the corresponding channel spacing but without amplification. Power penalty values are evaluated at each channel spacing in respect to the solution without amplification.
Ligand discrimination by TPR domains : Relevance and selectivity of EEVD-recognition in Hsp 70-Hop-Hsp 90 complexes RUNNING TITLE : PEPTIDE RECOGNITION MOTIFS OF HOP TPR DOMAINS

* Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18A, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany † Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany ‡ Department of Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany # present address: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
Risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among children in Greenland.

OBJECTIVE To examine the risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI) among Greenlandic children for the purpose of identifying those at highest risk of infection. METHODS Between 2005 and 2007, 1797 Greenlandic schoolchildren in five different areas were tested for MTI with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and a tuberculin skin test (TST). Parents or guardians were surveyed using a standardized self-administered questionnaire to obtain data on crowding in the household, parents' educational level and the child's health status. Demographic data for each child--i.e. parents' place of birth, number of siblings, distance between siblings (next younger and next older), birth order and mother's age when the child was born--were also extracted from a public registry. Logistic regression was used to check for associations between these variables and MTI, and all results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Children were considered to have MTI if they tested positive on both the IGRA assay and the TST. FINDINGS The overall prevalence of MTI was 8.5% (152/1797). MTI was diagnosed in 26.7% of the children with a known TB contact, as opposed to 6.4% of the children without such contact. Overall, the MTI rate was higher among Inuit children (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.55-11.5) and among children born less than one year after the birth of the next older sibling (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.33-4.63). Self-reported TB contact modified the profile to include household crowding and low mother's education. Children who had an older MTI-positive sibling were much more likely to test positive for MTI themselves (OR: 14.2; 95% CI: 5.75-35.0) than children without an infected older sibling. CONCLUSION Ethnicity, sibling relations, number of household residents and maternal level of education are factors associated with the risk of TB infection among children in Greenland. The strong household clustering of MTI suggests that family sources of exposure are important.
Parity, Breastfeeding, and the Subsequent Risk of Maternal Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of childbearing and maternal breastfeeding on a woman's subsequent risk of developing type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using information on parity, breastfeeding, and diabetes collected from 52,731 women recruited into a cohort study, we estimated the risk of type 2 diabetes using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 3,160 (6.0%) women were classified as having type 2 diabetes. Overall, nulliparous and parous women had a similar risk of diabetes. Among parous women, there was a 14% (95% CI 10–18%, P < 0.001) reduced likelihood of diabetes per year of breastfeeding. Compared to nulliparous women, parous women who did not breastfeed had a greater risk of diabetes (odds ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.26–1.73, P < 0.001), whereas for women breastfeeding, the risk was not significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Compared with nulliparous women, childbearing women who do not breastfeed have about a 50% increased risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. Breastfeeding substantially reduces this excess risk.
Map based building reconstruction from laser data and images

Large scale maps are available for many countries. The building ground plans of those maps can be helpful for the reconstruction of 3D building models from laser data and aerial images. This paper presents two studies on 3D building reconstruction. The first study combines data of a laser scanner with a high point density with the ground plans. The reconstruction approach is data driven. The second study is more model driven and utilises the ground plans for the building reconstruction from aerial photographs with known orientations. Results of both approaches are described and the pros and cons of them are analysed. This paper is about the usage of maps for building reconstruction. It presents two different studies. In one the building ground plans support the reconstruction from laser data (Section 3). In the other the maps are used to improve the reconstruction from aerial images (Section 4). The strategies for the incorporation of the ground plans into the reconstruction process differ. In Section 5 the strengths and weaknesses of the different strategies are analysed. Section 2 first briefly describes different approaches for segmenting a building ground plan. 2 PARTITIONING OF GROUND PLANS Many buildings can be modelled by taking the union of multiple building primitives with a simple roof shape on a rectangular area. The ground plans of such buildings often give an indication on how to place these primitive models (Haala et al. 1998). By extending the ground plan lines that intersect in concave corners a building ground plan can be segmented into small rectangles as shown in Figure 1a. The ground surface of a building primitive often corresponds to a group of such segments. Figure 2 shows several building hypotheses generated on the basis of the segmented ground plan and the usage of building primitives with a flat, gable and hip roof.
Comparative phylogeography of five avian species: implications for Pleistocene evolutionary history in the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau

Pleistocene climate fluctuations have shaped the patterns of genetic diversity observed in extant species. In contrast to Europe and North America where the effects of recent glacial cycles on genetic diversity have been well studied, the genetic legacy of the Pleistocene for the Qinghai‐Tibetan (Tibetan) plateau, a region where glaciation was not synchronous with the North Hemisphere ice sheet maxima, remains poorly understood. Here, we compared the phylogeographical patterns of five avian species on the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau by three mitochondrial DNA fragments: the Tibetan snow finch (Montifringilla adamsi), the Blanford’s snow finch (Pyrgilauda blanfordi), the horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), the twite (Carduelis flavirostris) and the black redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros). Our results revealed the three species mostly distributed on the platform region of the plateau that experienced population expansion following the retreat of the extensive glaciation period (0.5–0.175 Ma). These results are at odds with the results from avian species of Europe and North America, where population expansions occurred after Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 0.023–0.018 Ma). A single refugium was identified in a restricted semi‐continuous area around the eastern margin of the plateau, instead of multiple independent refugia for European and North American species. For the other two species distributed on the edges of the plateau (the twite and black redstart), populations were maintained at stable levels. Edge areas are located on the eastern margin, which might have had little or no ice cover during the glaciation period. Thus, milder climate may have mitigated demographic stresses for edge species relative to the extremes experienced by platform counterparts, the present‐day ranges of which were heavily ice covered during the glaciation period. Finally, various behavioural and ecological characteristics, including dispersal capacities, habitat preference and altitude specificity along with evolutionary history might have helped to shape different phylogeographical structures appearing in these five species.
Olfactory receptor cells on the cockroach antennae: responses to the direction and rate of change in food odour concentration

In insects, information about food odour is encoded by olfactory receptor cells with characteristic response spectra, located in several types of cuticular sensilla. Within short, hair‐like sensilla on the cockroach's antenna, antagonistic pairs of olfactory receptor cells shape information inflow to the CNS by providing excitatory responses for both increases and decreases in food odour concentration. The segregation of food odour information into parallel ON and OFF responses suggests that temporal concentration changes become enhanced in the sensory output. When food odour concentration changes slowly and continuously up and down with smooth transition from one direction to another, the ON and OFF olfactory cells not only signal a succession of odour concentrations but also the rate with which odour concentration happens to be changing. Access to the values of such cues is of great use to an insect orientating to an odour source. With them they may extract concentration gradients from odour plumes.
Parents' views and experiences of childhood obesity management in primary care: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND Primary care has been viewed as an appropriate setting for childhood obesity management. Little is known about parents' views and experiences of obesity management within this clinical setting. These views and experiences need to be explored, as they could affect treatment success. OBJECTIVE To explore parents' views and experiences of primary care as a treatment setting for childhood obesity. METHODS In-depth interviews were held with 15 parents of obese children aged 5-10 years, to explore their views and experiences of primary care childhood obesity management. Parents were contacted via a hospital-based childhood obesity clinic, general practices and Mind, Exercise, Nutrition … Do it! (MEND) groups based in Bristol, England. The interviews were audio-taped transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. RESULTS Parents viewed primary care as an appropriate setting in which to treat childhood obesity but were reluctant to consult due to a fear of being blamed for their child's weight and a concern about their child's mental well-being. They also questioned whether practitioners had the knowledge, time and resources to effectively manage childhood obesity. Parents varied in the extent to which they had found consulting a practitioner helpful, and their accounts suggested that GPs and school nurses offer different types of support. CONCLUSIONS Parents need to be reassured that practitioners will address their child's weight in a non-judgemental sensitive manner and are able to treat childhood obesity effectively. A multidisciplinary team approach might benefit a child, as different practitioners may vary in the type of care they provide.
China's water shortage could shake world food security.

This report indicates the global concern about China's water shortages and describes basin supplies, global availability of grain, and reasons for water losses. There is little precise data on how land productivity will be affected by declines in irrigation. Reports from the "China Daily" indicate that the 1995 grain harvest in Shandong province declined by 2.7 million tons (food for 9 million people) due to water failures of the Yellow River. A delegate at the 1998 National People's Congress pointed out that rural villages nationwide had shortages of 30 billion cu. m and losses of 20 million tons of grain production. About 70% of grain harvests rely on irrigation. Water demand for residential use and industrial use is likely to increase and compete with farm use. One unlikely option is to divert irrigation water to cities as needed and import grain. The entire agricultural, energy, and industrial economies need to be made more water efficient. Agriculture will need to produce more water efficient crops and livestock products and less water intensive energy supplies. Another alternative is to divert water from one location to another. Water pricing could reinforce efficiency of use. Use of composting toilets could reduce human residential water demand. Urban capacity building should rely on separate industrial and residential wastewater systems. Investing in technologies for industry can reduce water demand among paper and steel producers. The fastest growing grain market is in North Africa and the Middle East. Trends in principal grain exporting countries with 85% of global exports indicate no growth in grain production for export since 1980.
Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in patients with diabetes insipidus.

BACKGROUND Urine-concentrating ability is regulated by vasopressin. Recently, the specific water-channel protein of the renal collecting duct, known as aquaporin-2, was cloned. However, it is not certain whether this molecule is responsive to vasopressin. METHODS We measured the urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 and its response to vasopressin in 11 normal subjects and 9 patients with central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The urine samples were collected during periods of dehydration and hydration and after the administration of vasopressin. Urine samples were analyzed for aquaporin-2 by the Western blot assay and immunogold labeling, and the amount of aquaporin-2 was determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Aquaporin-2 was detectable in the urine in both soluble and membrane-bound forms. In the five normal subjects tested, the mean (+/- SE) urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 was 11.2 +/- 2.2 pmol per milligram of creatinine after a period of dehydration, and it decreased to 3.9 +/- 1.9 pmol per milligram of creatinine (P = 0.03) during the second hour after a period of hydration. In the six other normal subjects, an infusion of desmopressin (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) increased the urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 from 0.8 +/- 0.3 to 11.2 +/- 1.6 pmol per milligram of creatinine (P < 0.001). The five patients with central diabetes insipidus also had increases in urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in response to the administration of vasopressin, but the four patients with X-linked or non-X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus did not. CONCLUSIONS Aquaporin-2 is detectable in the urine, and changes in the urinary excretion of this protein can be used as an index of the action of vasopressin on the kidney.
A new support measure for items in streams

Mining streams is achallenging problem, because the data can only be looked at once, and only small summaries of the data can be stored. We present a new frequency measure for items in streams that does not rely on a fixed window length or a time-decaying factor. Based on the properties of the measure, an algorithm to compute it is shown. Experimental evaluation supports the claim that the new measure can be computed from a summary with very small memory requirements, that can be maintained and updated efficiently. In this extended abstract, the main points of the presentation are discussed.
Patients' perceptions of interpersonal continuity of care.

PURPOSE The health system shift from doctor-patient continuity of care to team-based continuity may not match patients' preferences. This article reviews the existing medical literature regarding patients' perceptions of interpersonal continuity of care to determine which patients value interpersonal continuity and in what context. METHODS A search of the ISI Web of Knowledge database from 1970 to April 2005 and the MEDLINE database from 1966 through April 2005 was performed to find articles that elicited patients' preferences or value for continuity of care. Thirty six articles were used for this synthesis. RESULTS Interpersonal continuity of care is important to a majority of patients, particularly those from vulnerable groups. Patients value the relationship with their physician, their physician's knowledge about them, and the ability to communicate their concerns. Over time, contact with a physician seems to lead to the development of trust and confidence. However, continuity of care is not valued by all patients or across all settings. CONCLUSIONS Future research should continue to explore the importance of interpersonal continuity to patients. In particular, are there medical consequences when those whom desire continuity do not receive it? Clinicians should consider incorporating patients' preference for continuity into their office scheduling procedures.
Genralized Cancellation-And-Permutation Properties, Regular Languages and Supports of Rational Series

Deux resultats sont proposes. Le premier est une caracterisation des langages reguliers par des proprietes generalisees de stabilite par les effacements avec permutations de facteurs. Dans le second, il est prouve que les supports des series formelles rationnelles satisfont une tres forte propriete de stabilite pour tout ensemble fini d'effacements
Measuring Interpersonal Forgiveness in Late Adolescence and Middle Adulthood.

The construct of interpersonal forgiveness is operationalized and tested with 197 college students and 197 of their same-gender parents in the Midwestern United States. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI) showed strong internal consistency reliability. The EFI correlates significantly and negatively with anxiety particularly when a person is experiencing deep hurt in a developmentally relevant area. Age differences also were observed. Particularly when the hurt concerns a developmentally relevant area, college students are less forgiving and have more anxiety than their same-gender parents. The EFI thus appears to have sound psychometric properties.
Cooperative Effect of Artificial Chaperones and Guanidinium Chloride on Lysozyme Renaturation at High Concentrations

It has been recognized that the artificial chaperone system, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and β‐cyclodextrin, is effective for enhancing protein renaturation. In this work, we studied the effect of the artificial chaperone system and guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) on the oxidative renaturation of lysozyme at 0.21–1.05 mg/mL, and a kinetic model based on the competition between protein folding and aggregation was employed to express the renaturation process. The refolding rate constant increased, while the aggregation rate constant decreased, with increasing concentration of the artificial chaperones. With increasing GdmCl concentration (0.28–2 M), both rate constants decreased, but there existed a specific GdmCl concentration that maximized the ratio of the two rate constants and thus the renaturation yield. The results obviously indicated the cooperative effect of GdmCl and the artificial chaperones on enhancing protein renaturation.
Continued concern about parent vessel steno-occlusive progression with Onyx HD-500 and the utility of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in serial assessment.

BACKGROUND Onyx HD-500 is a liquid embolic used to treat intracranial aneurysms. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of parent vessel stenosis and the management strategy for these patients. METHODS Medical records of patients treated with Onyx HD-500 between 2008 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were assessed. Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography and NOVA (VasSol, Chicago, Illinois) images were reviewed for patients in whom these examinations were acquired. RESULTS Seventeen patients underwent treatment of unruptured internal carotid artery aneurysms. Three patients (17.6%) developed visual symptoms after the procedure: 2 permanent and 1 transient. Four patients (23.5%) developed delayed internal carotid artery stenosis at the 6- to 8-month follow-up angiography, despite a standard antiplatelet regimen with confirmed sensitivities to aspirin and clopidogrel. Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography was obtained in all patients with stenosis to guide treatment. One patient progressed to complete but asymptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion. The second and third patients had asymptomatic stenosis of 40% and 70%, respectively, both of which resolved on follow-up angiography. The fourth patient developed critical stenosis distal to the aneurysm neck. Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated adequate flow in the first 3 patients and decreased flow in the fourth patient, necessitating angioplasty and stenting. Prolonged dual antiplatelet regimens were continued in 2 of the 4 patients, 1 with progression of stenosis and 1 with improvement of stenosis. CONCLUSION We observed a higher rate of parent vessel steno-occlusive progression after aneurysm embolization with Onyx HD-500 than reported in the literature, despite overall low morbidity. Quantitative vessel flow imaging was useful in subsequent medical management and decision making to perform therapeutic angioplasty/stenting to preserve flow.