Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New‐onset diabetes mellitus after solid organ transplantation

New‐onset diabetes mellitus is a common complication of solid organ transplantation and is likely to become even more common with the current epidemic of obesity in some countries. It has become clear that both new‐onset diabetes and prediabetic states (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance) negatively influence graft and patient survival after transplantation. This observation forms the basis for recommending meticulous screening for glucose intolerance before and after transplantation. Although a number of clinical factors including age, weight, ethnicity, family history, and infection with hepatitis C are closely associated with the new‐onset diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and possibly sirolimus plays a dominant role in its pathogenesis. Management of new‐onset diabetes after transplantation generally conforms to the guidelines for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population. However, further studies are needed to determine the optimal immunosuppressive regimens for patients with this disorder.
Expression of qBrn‐1, a new member of the POU gene family, in the early developing nervous system and embryonic kidney

It has been shown that POU domain genes play critical roles in the development of the nervous system. We have obtained a new member of the class III POU domain genes, qBrn‐1, from the cDNA library of embryonic day 5 quail and have made an extensive expression pattern analysis of qBrn‐1 and qBrn‐2 throughout the early embryonic development by in situ hybridization. With a specific antibody we prepared, further analysis by immunohistochemistry showed that the location of qBrn‐1 protein was consistent with that of the transcripts in the early developing quail. Our results showed that both qBrn‐1 and qBrn‐2 were preferentially expressed in the developing central nervous system, and their transcripts were initially detected in the neural plate and later in the distinct regions of the neural tube with a stage‐dependent pattern. Moreover, their expression was also detected in both notochord and neural crests. However, qBrn‐1 signal, different from qBrn‐2, was more widely found in the auditory pits, branchial arches, and in the mesodermal components of the developing kidney. And the expression of qBrn‐1 in nephric region was earlier and wider than that of mouse Brn‐1, suggesting the characteristic function of qBrn‐1 in the kidney formation. The distinct dynamic expression patterns of qBrn‐1 and qBrn‐2 indicate multiple roles of the class III POU genes in quail neurogenesis and organogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 235:1107–1114, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative evaluation of function-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS We evaluated the efficacy of the following three surgical options in gastrectomy for early gastric cancer; 1) reduction of the extent of gastrectomy, 2) preservation of the vagal nerve, and 3) preservation of the pylorus. METHODOLOGY The postoperative physical conditions of patients who had undergone 6 kinds of operating methods incorporating elements 1), 2) and 3) were compared. The efficacy of elements 1) and 3) was evaluated by comparison among a 2/3 proximal gastrectomy group (2/3-PG group, n = 5), 4/5 proximal gastrectomy group (4/5-PG group, n = 7), and total gastrectomy group (TG group, n = 12). The efficacy of elements 1), 2) and 3) was also evaluated by comparison among a pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) group with preservation of the vagal nerve (PPGV group, n = 15), 2/3 distal gastrectomy group with preservation of the vagal nerve (2/3-DGV group, n = 12), and 4/5 distal gastrectomy group without preservation of the vagal nerve (4/5-DG group, n = 15). RESULTS Body weight loss and the incidence of abdominal symptoms and anemia in the 2/3-PG group, PPGV or 2/3-DGV group were less frequent than in the TG group or 4/5-DG group. The increases in acetaminophen concentration in the 2/3-PG group, PPGV or 2/3-DGV groups, and the changes in blood sugar and insulin levels in the 2/3-PG or PPGV group were modest, while hypergastrinemia in the 2/3-PG group was remarkable. The insulinogenic index was high in the 2/3-DGV group, and the plasma cholecystokinin changes and contraction pattern of the gallbladder resembled their preoperative pattern in the PPGV and 2/3-DGV groups. These results indicated that the patients in the 2/3-PG group owed their benefits to elements 1) and 3), the 2/3-DGV group to elements 1) and 2), and the PPGV group to elements 1), 2) and 3). CONCLUSIONS Three surgical options in gastrectomy procedures for early gastric cancer, 1) reduction of the extent of gastrectomy, 2) preservation of the vagal nerve, and 3) preservation of the pylorus, were individually confirmed to have benefits for better postoperative quality of life.
Mechanically Braked Elliptical Wingate Test: Modification Considerations, Load Optimization, and Reliability

Abstract Ozkaya, O, Colakoglu, M, Kuzucu, EO, and Yildiztepe, E. Mechanically braked elliptical wingate test: modification considerations, load optimization, and reliability. J Strength Cond Res 26(5): 1313–1323, 2012—The 30-second, all-out Wingate test evaluates anaerobic performance using an upper or lower body cycle ergometer (cycle Wingate test). A recent study showed that using a modified electromagnetically braked elliptical trainer for Wingate testing (EWT) leads to greater power outcomes because of larger muscle group recruitment. The main purpose of this study was to modify an elliptical trainer using an easily understandable mechanical brake system instead of an electromagnetically braked modification. Our secondary aim was to determine a proper test load for the EWT to reveal the most efficient anaerobic test outcomes such as peak power (PP), average power (AP), minimum power (MP), power drop (PD), and fatigue index ratio (FI%) and to evaluate the retest reliability of the selected test load. Delta lactate responses (&Dgr;La) were also analyzed to confirm all the anaerobic performance of the athletes. Thirty healthy and well-trained male university athletes were selected to participate in the study. By analysis of variance, an 18% body mass workload yielded significantly greater test outcomes (PP = 19.5 ± 2.4 W·kg−1, AP = 13.7 ± 1.7 W·kg−1, PD = 27.9 ± 5 W·s−1, FI% = 58.4 ± 3.3%, and &Dgr;La = 15.4 ± 1.7 mM) than the other (12–24% body mass) tested loads (p < 0.05). Test and retest results for relative PP, AP, MP, PD, FI%, and &Dgr;La were highly correlated (r = 0.97, 0.98, 0.94, 0.91, 0.81, and 0.95, respectively). In conclusion, it was found that the mechanically braked modification of an elliptical trainer successfully estimated anaerobic power and capacity. A workload of 18% body mass was optimal for measuring maximal and reliable anaerobic power outcomes. Anaerobic testing using an EWT may be more useful to athletes and coaches than traditional cycle ergometers because a greater proportion of muscle groups are worked during exercise on an elliptical trainer.
Tumor necrosis factor as a therapeutic target of rheumatologic disease

TNF-α is a crucial pro-inflammatory and immunregulatory cytokine that is central to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. A number of controlled trials have shown effectiveness for TNF-α inhibitiors in several diseases, in particular rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and Crohn's disease. These agents may also be useful in additional autoimmune conditions. The introduction of TNF-α inhibitors has revolutionized the therapeutic approach and treatment paradigms especially for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Despite extensive investigation, the full profile of their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. Optimal use of these agents requires consideration of their possible adverse effects. In addition to the presently available TNF-α blockers, other agents targeting this key mediator are under study. Recent advances and future directions in anti-TNF-α therapy are discussed in this paper.
An Efficient Solution to the Factorized Geometrical Autofocus Problem

This paper describes a new search strategy within the scope of factorized geometrical autofocus (FGA) and synthetic-aperture-radar processing. The FGA algorithm is a fast factorized back-projection formulation with six adjustable geometry parameters. By tuning the flight track step by step and maximizing focus quality by means of an object function, a sharp image is formed. We propose an efficient two-stage approach for the geometrical variation. The first stage is a low-order (few parameters) parallel search procedure involving small image areas. The second stage then combines the local hypotheses into one global autofocus solution, without the use of images. This method has been applied successfully on ultrawideband CARABAS II data. Errors due to a constant acceleration are superposed on the measured track prior to processing, giving a 6-D autofocus problem. Image results, including resolution, peak-to-sidelobe ratio and magnitude values for point-like targets, finally confirm the validity of the strategy. The results also verify the prediction that there are several satisfying autofocus solutions for the same radar data.
Inflation Expectations: Theoretical Models and Empirical Tests

The University of Michigan data on consumers’ inflation expectations has been analyzed by a wide range of scholars for nearly fifty years. The empirical evidence has been mixed about the extent to which inflation expectations are consistent with the rational expectations hypothesis of traditional economic models or with the bounded rationality postulate of the newer behavioral models. Even if expectation were rational, judgements about the costs and benefits of continuously updating inflation expectations may result in sticky or staggered information flows that may make expectations appear non-rational. Importantly, sticky expectations, like sticky wages and sticky prices, can have a significant impact on optimal monetary policy. The Michigan data on inflation expectations is used to test a wide range of hypothesis surrounding these basic issues, utilizing cross-section, panel, and time-series data. The analysis indicates that there exists considerable heterogeneity in inflation expectations, that inflation expectations are forward looking, that consumers do not efficiently utilize all available information, that negative changes in the inflation rate have about twice the impact as positive changes, that there is evidence of staggered updating, and that these findings do not result from offsetting errors across demographic groups. Realism and Relevance John Muth began his classic article on rational expectations by noting that survey data on expectations were as accurate as the elaborate models of economists, and he noted that there were considerable differences of opinion in the cross-sectional survey data (Muth, 1961). His basic insight was that economic agents form their expectations so that they are essentially the same as the predictions of the relevant economic theory. The assumption that expectations were formed rationally was for Muth the natural extension of economic theory which already held that firms rationally maximize profits and consumers rationally maximize utility. Nonetheless, Muth noted that rationality was an assumption that could be tested by its systematic comparison with alternative theories in explaining observed expectations. Muth’s hypothesis has indeed sparked an enormous amount of research as well as wide divisions between disciplines in how rationality should be conceptualized and how the hypothesis should be tested. Economics views rationality in terms of the choices it produces (substantive or full rationality), whereas other social sciences view rationality in terms of the process that is used to make choices (procedural or bounded rationality). It was Friedman’s (1953) celebrated essay on methodology that declared the validity of economic theories to be independent of their psychological assumptions. Economists have accordingly focused on whether the postulate of
The Analysis of Chinese Public Cultural Service System Efficiency Improvement from the Perspective of Strategic Networks

This article introduces the current situation and progress of the construction of public cultural service system of China, and analyzes Chinese public cultural service system from the perspective of strategy network. The strategic network development path and key elements of Chinese public cultural service system are discussed. We give conclusions that through introduction of core node, developing the digital network around the core node as the information center, to achieve complementarity between the various nodes exchanging information, sharing resource, are the key elements to improve the integral efficiency of Chinese public cultural service system.
Application of Entropy Techniques in Analyzing Heart Rate Variabilityusing ECG Signals

The variation of the heart rate about a mean value is the Heart Rate Variability (HRV). HRV reflects the functioning of cardio-respiratory control system. It is used as one of the diagnostic measures to detect heart disorders. In the proposed work, HRV analysis using entropy measures is carried out on healthy, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and Atrial Fibrillations (AF) subjects using their ECG signals. The entropy methods used in the work are Approximate entropy (ApE), Symbolic entropy (SyE) and Spectral entropy (SpE). ECG signals of 20 healthy subjects in the age group of 21 – 30 years were acquired using dry electrode at a sampling rate of 500 Hz for 10 minutes. Signal processing algorithms for removal of baseline wandering, power line interference and motion artefacts were applied for the raw ECG signal. The ECG signals for CHF and AF subjects in the age group of 30 – 75 years were obtained from the Physionet database. From the analysis it was found that values of ApE and SyE were highest for AF subjects and for SpE, the value was highest for healthy subjects. Further, values of all the three entropies were lowest for CHF subjects. In conclusion, it indicates that the entropy techniques are useful tools in diagnosing patients having heart disorders.
Domain of EPI suite biotransformation models

Knowledge of the interpolative region or applicability domain (AD) of structure–activity relationships is believed to improve predictive accuracy. The present work was undertaken to characterize the AD of EPI Suite™ biotransformation models and evaluate the performance of selected AD assessment methods. AD methods were applied to the training sets of four models representing different end-points, and the predictive accuracy was then evaluated using six independent validation sets. Two of the models estimated a continuous variable (log half-life) from fragment descriptors. For biotransformation in fish (BCFBAF™) and hydrocarbon biodegradation (BioHCwin), the approach using ranges, with preprocessing by analysis of principal components, worked reasonably well in identifying subsets of validation chemicals that have higher root mean squared error than for all validation chemicals. AD methods were also applied to two classification models, Biowin3 (which predicts the time required to achieve complete aerobic biodegradation) and Biowin5 (the probability of ready biodegradation in the OECD 301C test). Structure-based AD methods (fingerprints, atom environments) showed some success, but descriptor-based AD methods were not useful in identifying misclassified chemicals. For Biowin3 the largest percentage of misclassified chemicals was obtained for chemicals for which prediction was based on molecular weight alone, which suggests the need to revise the fragment library of the model.
Patient-Controlled Analgesia with Tramadol Versus Tramadol Plus Lysine Acetyl Salicylate

By using a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) delivery system, we compared the clinical advantages and disadvantages of PCA with tramadol and PCA with a mixture of tramadol plus lysine acetyl salicylate (a soluble aspirin). Fifty adult patients who had undergone major orthopedic surgeries were enrolled into a prospective, randomized, and double-blinded study. The general anesthesia was performed in a standard manner. At the beginning of wound closure, an equal volume dose of either tramadol 2.5 mg/kg (Group 1) or tramadol 1.25 mg/kg + lysine acetyl salicylate 12.5 mg/kg mixture (Group 2) was administered slowly IV. These solutions were continued postoperatively for IV PCA. Pain control, patient satisfaction, vital signs, and adverse effects were assessed for 48 h. Visual Analog Scale ≤3 could be achieved with either group. Total tramadol consumption was significantly less in Group 2 than in Group 1 (614 ± 259 mg vs 923 ± 354 mg) (P < 0.05). Patients in Group 2 were more alert (P < 0.05). Blood loss from the surgical drain was similar, 865 ± 275 mL (Group 1) vs 702 ± 345 mL (Group 2). We conclude that aspirin can be used as an effective and safe adjuvant to tramadol for PCA after orthopedic surgery. Implications Injectable aspirin can be used as an effective and safe adjuvant to tramadol for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in orthopedic patients. The tramadol requirement is therefore reduced. This combination supports the concept that drugs other than opioids can be used for PCA.
Early evolution of cytochrome bc complexes.

Primary structures, functional characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of subunits of cytochrome bc complexes from phylogenetically diverse bacterial and archaeal species were analysed. A single case of lateral gene transfer, i.e. the import of an epsilon-proteobacterial cytochrome bc(1) complex into Aquificales, was identified. For the enzyme in the remainder of the species studied, the obtained phylogenies were globally in line with small subunit rRNA trees. The distribution of a few key phylogenetic markers, such as contiguousness of cytochrome b, nature of the c-type subunit or spacing between b-heme ligands, are discussed. A localised modification of previous tree topologies is proposed on the basis of the obtained data. The comparison of extant enzymes furthermore allowed us to define the minimal functional and evolutionary core of the enzyme. The data furthermore suggest that the ancestral enzyme was put together from subunits that previously had played a role in other electron transfer chains.
Neural circuits of eating behaviour: Opportunities for therapeutic development

Understanding of the neural and physiological substrates of hunger and satiety has increased rapidly over the last three decades, and pharmacological targets have already been identified for the treatment of obesity that has moved from pre-clinical screening to therapies approved by regulatory authorities. Initially, this review describes the way in which physiological signals of energy availability interact with hedonic and rewarding properties of food to modulate the neural circuitry that supports eating behaviour. This is followed by a brief account of current and promising targets for drug development and a review of the wide range of preclinical paradigms that model important influences on human eating behaviour, and can be used to guide early stages of the drug development process.
A 3D Packaging Technology for 4 Gbit Stacked DRAM with 3 Gbps Data Transfer

A 3D packaging technology has been developed for 4 Gbit DRAM. Highly-doped poly-Si through-silicon vias (TSVs) are used for vertical traces inside silicon and interconnection between DRAM chips to realize a DRAM compatible process. Through optimization of the process conditions and layout design, fast poly-Si filling has been obtained. The entire packaging was carried out at the wafer level by using the so-called SMAFTI technology. A new bump and wiring structure for feedthrough interposer (FTI) has also been developed for fine-pitch and low-cost bonding. Simulation of the transfer function of FTI wiring indicated a 3 Gbps/pin data transfer capability
Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus for Parkinson's disease

Gait disturbance and postural instability are some the most disabling symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in late stage disease can be resistant to both medical and surgical therapies. We implanted bilateral deep brain stimulation electrodes into the pedunculopontine nucleus in two patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. We demonstrate for the first time that low frequency (20–25 Hz) stimulation of this nucleus significantly improves gait dysfunction and postural instability in both the ‘on’ and ‘off’ medication states. Their combined total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score improved by 53% and motor score by 57%. No procedure or stimulation-related complications were observed. If these findings are replicated in a larger number of patients, pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation may provide the means to alleviate these disabling and otherwise treatment-resistant symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease.
Enhancing spectrum coexistence using radar waveform diversity

In an effort to meet the growing demands of the mobile communications industry, the recent Federal Communications Commission (FCC) auction of the 1695-1710 & 1755-1780 MHz bands marked the continued commitment by regulators to make available frequencies previously reserved for the military to the general public. While good for the economy, the Advanced Wireless Services (AWS-3) auction presents unprecedented challenges for incumbent military systems. In particular, the manner in which military radar systems are required to share spectrum represents a sharp contrast to how spectrum was previously accessed. Military radar systems, whether directly affected by the auction or yet to be designed, are expected to utilize innovative spectrum sharing technologies to meet the demand of this new paradigm. In this paper, the research is motivated by the aforementioned challenges and focuses on how the benefits of waveform diversity could serve as a potential solution to enhancing spectrum coexistence for military radar systems.
The Accounting System As an Information Function

Again the distinction is drawn, but is it really so clear? Consider, for example, the standard cost system in a manufacturing firm. This system supplies information which is useful for some decision-making purposes. But, underlying each standard input cost is an implied decision about the kind and amount of resource to be used and the nature of the market in which it is to be purchased. Behind each input/output relationship is an implied decision regarding the technical conditions under which the process should operate and the rate at which employees should work. In order to obtain solutions to one set of problems-those for which the output of a
Scene Reconstruction from a Single Depth Image Using 3D CNN

Scene reconstruction from multiple viewpoints are not always possible and rather it represents a small minority of the potential applications, from robotic manipulators to drones, autonomous vehicles etc. To overcome those limitations, we propose a fully convolutional 3D neural network capable of reconstructing a full scene from a single depth image by creating a 3D representation of it and automatically filling holes and inserting hidden elements. Our algorithm was evaluated on a real word dataset of tabletop scenes acquired using a Kinect and processed using KinectFusion software in order to obtain ground truth for network training and evaluation. Extensive measurements show that our deep neural network architecture outperforms the previous state of the art in terms of both precision and recall for the scene reconstruction task.