Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On linear index coding for random graphs

In the index coding problem, the goal is to transmit an n character word over a field F to n receivers (one character per receiver), where the receivers have side information represented by a graph G. The objective is to minimize the length of a codeword broadcasted to all receivers which allows each receiver to learn its character. For linear index coding, the minimum possible length is known to be equal to the minrank parameter. In this paper we initiate the study of the typical minimum length of a linear index code for the random graph G(n, p) over a field F. First, we prove that for every constant size field F and a constant p, the minimum length of a linear index code for G(n, p) over F is almost surely Ω(√n). Second, we introduce and study two special models of index coding and study their typical minimum length: Locally decodable index codes in which the receivers are required to query at most q characters from the encoded message (such codes naturally correspond to efficient decoding); and low density index codes in which every character of the broadcasted word affects at most q characters in the encoded message (such codes naturally correspond to efficient encoding procedures). We present enhanced results for these special models.
When Does Gossip Promote Generosity? Indirect Reciprocity Under the Shadow of the Future

Reputation through gossip is a key mechanism promoting cooperation. The present research proposes that gossip promotes cooperation when one anticipates future interdependence with the gossip recipient (Hypothesis 1), that this effect is more pronounced for proself, compared to prosocial, individuals (Hypothesis 2), and explores the mediating role of reputational concern and expected indirect benefits in the relation between gossip and cooperation. Results from three studies supported these hypotheses, showing that people are more generous in response to gossip to their future interaction partner(s), compared with gossip to other(s) they would never meet or no gossip. Moreover, proselfs, compared with prosocials, showed a larger increase in generosity when they anticipated future interactions with the gossip recipient(s). The observed gossip-based generosity was primarily mediated by reputational concern rather than expected indirect benefits from future partners, and the mediation of reputational concern was more pronounced for proselfs than for prosocials.
How do People Attribute their Polydrug Use? A Mixed Methods Approach

ABSTRACT In Finland, polydrug use is generally seen as stigmatized deviant behavior. By means of the mixed methods approach, this article focuses on how people explain their polydrug use and what they attribute it to. Our findings show that these explanations vary according to sociodemography. Moreover, polydrug use is not always presented as planned and goal-oriented behavior, but also something that can occur due to sudden situational factors beyond the control of the person. Our findings implicate that the judgments regarding the deviance of polydrug use are contextual and different sociodemographic groups consider whether it is deviant behavior or not differently.
Behavioral and Brain Functions

Background: Frizzled 3 (Fzd3) is a receptor required for the Wnt-signaling pathway, which has been implicated in the development of the central nervous system, including synaptogenesis and structural plasticity. We previously found a significant association between the FZD3 gene and susceptibility to schizophrenia, but subsequent studies showed inconsistent findings. To understand the roles of the FZD3 gene in psychotic disorders further, it should be useful to examine FZD3 in patients with methamphetamine psychosis because the clinical features of methamphetamine psychosis are similar to those of schizophrenia. Methods: Six SNPs of FZD3, rs3757888 in the 3' flanking region, rs960914 in the intron 3, rs2241802, a synonymous SNP in the exon5, rs2323019 and rs352203 in the intron 5, and rs880481 in the intron 7, were selected based on the previous schizophrenic studies and analyzed in 188 patients with methamphetamine psychosis and 240 ageand gendermatched controls. Results: A case-control association analyses revealed that two kinds of FZD3 haplotypes showed strong associations with methamphetamine psychosis (p < 0.00001). Having the G-A-T-G or A-G-C-A haplotype of rs2241802-rs2323019rs352203-rs880481 was a potent negative risk factor (odds ratios were 0.13 and 0.086, respectively) for methamphetamine psychosis. Conclusion: Our present and previous findings indicate that genetic variants of the FZD3 gene affect susceptibility to two analogous but distinct dopamine-related psychoses, endogenous and substance-induced psychosis. Published: 15 August 2008 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008, 4:37 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-37 Received: 5 August 2008 Accepted: 15 August 2008 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/4/1/37 © 2008 Kishimoto et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Design recovery by automated search for structural design patterns in object-oriented software

The object-oriented design community has recently begun to collect so-called design patterns: cliches plus hints to their recommended use in software construction. The structural design patterns Adapter, Bridge, Composite, Decorator, and Proxy represent packaged problem/context/solution/properties descriptions to common problems in object-oriented design. Localizing instances of these patterns in existing software produced without explicit use of patterns can improve the maintainability of software. In the authors' approach, called the Pat system, design information is extracted directly from C++ header files and stored in a repository. The patterns are expressed as PROLOG rules and the design information is translated into facts. A single PROLOG query is then used to search for all patterns. They examined four applications, including the popular class libraries zApp and LEDA, with Pat. With some restrictions all pattern instances are found; the precision is about 40 percent. Since manual filtering of the output is relatively easy, they consider Pat a useful tool for discovering or recovering design information.
Improve reliability of scalable VPN routing via Relaying

Layer 3 MPLS VPN service is becoming more and more popular because it can provide direct any-to-any reachability for enterprise customers' geographically disparate sites over public network. However, this model of direct reachability makes the routing table in service provider's PE routers grow very fast. C. Kim et al. propose Relaying [1], a scalable VPN routing architecture, to solve this routing table explosion problem in PE routers. They divide the PE routers in a VPN into two groups: hubs and spokes. A small number of hubs maintain full reachability information for that VPN, while spokes with reduced reachability information achieve any-to-any reachability by delivering traffic via hubs. However, one important concern about Relaying is the potential decrease of availability due to the small number of hubs. Since a hub router is critical to maintaining reachability between its spoke PEs, when one of the hubs in a VPN goes down, the spokes who route traffic via this hub can't reach each other. In this paper, we propose a backup mechanism to improve the reliability of Relaying by assigning each spoke to one main hub and another backup hub. We also propose an implementation technique by simply modifying the configuration of routers so that the spokes can automatically switch to backup hub when the main hub goes down and automatically switch back whenever it is repaired. The simulation result shows that our backup mechanism can greatly improve the reliability of Relaying with small performance penalty.
Initiation on the divergent Type I cadicivirus IRES: factor requirements and interactions with the translation apparatus

Cadicivirus (CDV) is unique amongst picornaviruses in having a dicistronic genome with internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) preceding both open reading frames. Here, we investigated initiation on the 5′-terminal IRES. We report that the 982-nt long 5′UTR comprises 12 domains (d1-d12), five of which (d8-d12, nts 341–950) constitute a divergent Type I IRES. It comprises central elements (the apex of d10, d11 and the following polypyrimidine tract) that are homologous to corresponding elements in canonical Type 1 IRESs, and non-canonical flanking domains (d8, d9 and d12). In vitro reconstitution revealed that as with canonical Type I IRESs, 48S complex formation requires eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) 1, 1A, 2, 3, 4A, 4B and 4G, and the poly(C) binding protein 2 (PCBP2), and starts with specific binding of eIF4G/eIF4A to d11. However, in contrast to canonical Type I IRESs, subsequent recruitment of 43S ribosomal complexes does not require direct interaction of their eIF3 constituent with the IRES-bound eIF4G. On the other hand, the CDV IRES forms a 40S/eIF3/IRES ternary complex, with multiple points of contact. These additional interactions with translational components could potentially stimulate recruitment of the 43S complex and alleviate the necessity for direct eIF4G/eIF3 interaction.
Soil fauna affects the optical properties in alkaline solutions extracted (humic acid-like) from forest litters during different phenological periods

The formation of soil organic matter via humification of plant litter is important for long-term carbon sequestration in forests; however, whether soil fauna affects litter humification is unclear. In this study, we quantified the effects of soil fauna on the optical properties (i.e., ΔlogK and E4/E6) of the alkaline-extracted humic acid-like solutions of four foliar litters by removing soil fauna via litterbags with different mesh sizes in two subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. Litterbags were collected at the leaf falling, budding, expanding, maturation, and senescence stages from November 2013 to October 2015 to assess whether the effects of soil fauna on litter humification vary in different plant phenology periods. The results showed that soil fauna significantly reduced the ΔlogK and E4/E6 values in the leaf expanding stage of oak litter and in the leaf falling stage of camphor and fir litters. The richness index of soil fauna explained 21%, 55%, 19%, and 45% of the variations in the E4/E6 values for oak, fir, camphor, and pine litters, respectively. The effects of litter water content on these optical properties were greater than that of temperature. These results indicated that soil fauna plays a key role in litter humification in the leaf expanding and falling stages and are potentially involved in soil carbon sequestration in these subtropical forests.
Percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy for chronic neck pain: outcomes in a series of consecutive patients.

BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials in research settings have demonstrated the efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy of the medial branches of the cervical dorsal rami in the palliation of chronic zygapophysial joint pain, a common cause of chronic neck pain, but one that is under-recognized in some quarters. AIMS This study aimed to determine the outcomes of radiofrequency neurotomy in usual clinical practice for patients with established cervical zygapophysial joint pain. METHODS The study was conducted in a public hospital, incorporating the private practice and public clinic elements of a single physician. All patients who underwent radiofrequency neurotomy had a diagnosis of cervical zygapophysial joint pain established by controlled cervical medial branch blocks. The primary outcome of duration of pain relief was determined for all consecutive procedures performed during a two-year period. Data were collected by chart review and telephone contact by an independent assessor. RESULTS Forty-seven procedures were performed on 35 patients. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Twelve patients had two procedures. Thirty-six of 45 assessable procedures (80%) achieved significant pain relief. These 36 procedures achieved a mean duration of pain relief of 36 weeks, with a median of 35 weeks. Repeat procedures usually achieved reproducible pain relief. Most patients had significant postprocedural pain for about one week. Only one serious adverse event (local superficial infection) was reported. CONCLUSION Radiofrequency neurotomy is an effective palliative treatment for chronic cervical zygapophysial joint pain when performed in routine clinical practice.
Learning linear cyclic causal models with latent variables

Identifying cause-effect relationships between variables of interest is a central problem in science. Given a set of experiments we describe a procedure that identifies linear models that may contain cycles and latent variables. We provide a detailed description of the model family, full proofs of the necessary and sufficient conditions for identifiability, a search algorithm that is complete, and a discussion of what can be done when the identifiability conditions are not satisfied. The algorithm is comprehensively tested in simulations, comparing it to competing algorithms in the literature. Furthermore, we adapt the procedure to the problem of cellular network inference, applying it to the biologically realistic data of the DREAMchallenges. The paper provides a full theoretical foundation for the causal discovery procedure first presented by Eberhardt et al. (2010) and Hyttinen et al. (2010).
Characterisation of the advanced glycation endproduct receptor complex in the retinal pigment epithelium

Aims: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate with ageing and may have a significant impact on age related dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Many of the cellular effects of AGEs in other cell types are mediated through AGE binding proteins. The aim of this study was to characterise the AGE receptor complex in RPE cells in vitro and to focus on the role of the R3 component (galectin-3) as the primary effector of the complex. Methods: Primary cultures of bovine RPE cells and the human D407 RPE cell line were exposed to AGE modified albumin. Receptor expression was determined using mRNA analysis by quantitative real time RT-PCR and protein characterisation by western blotting. Immunocytochemical analysis examined the cellular localisation of the various components of the AGE receptor complex. The role of the galectin-3 receptor component was examined by transfection and overexpression using the D407 cell line and analysis of soluble AGE-R3 by ELISA. Results: All three components of the AGE receptor complex were expressed by bovine and human RPE cells. AGE exposure upregulated two components of the receptor complex and also induced significant RPE expression of VEGF mRNA (p<0.05). RPE D407 cells stably transfected to overexpress galectin-3 showed less VEGF induction. In non-transfected RPE which were exposed to AGEs, there was less soluble galectin-3 protein released into the medium (p<0.05), a response that was not evident in transfected cells. Conclusion: A conserved AGE receptor complex is evident in primary cultures of bovine RPE cells and also in a human cell line. These cells show a pathological response to AGE exposure, an effect which appears to be modulated by the galectin-3 component of the receptor complex.
Artificial Intelligence and Systems Theory Applied to Cooperative Robots: the SocRob Project

This paper describes an approach to the design of a population of cooperative robots based on concepts borrowed from Systems Theory and Artificial Intelligence The research has been developed under the SocRob project, jointly carried out by the Intelligent Control and Artificial Intelligence Laboratories at ISR/IST. The acronym of the project stands both for "Society of Robots" and "Soccer Robots", the case study where we are testing our population of four robots. Designing soccer robots is a very challenging problem, where the robots must act not only to shoot a ball towards the goal, but also to detect and avoid static (walls, stopped robots) and dynamic (moving robots) obstacles. Furthermore, they must cooperate to defeat an opposing team. Our current research in soccer robotics includes image processing for object segmentation, recognition and tracking, navigation and behavior-based architectures for real time task execution of cooperating robot teams. Cooperative learning, behavior modeling and distributed planning are topics we have been investigating and plan to apply to soccer robots and other case studies, such as search and rescue robots.
Locus of Control, Penerimaan Auditor atas Dysfunctional Audit Behavior dan Intention to Quit

This study aims to examine personal characteristics of auditor acceptance of dysfunctional audit behavior. More specifically, it aims to investigate locus of control on intention to quit and auditor acceptance of dysfunctional audit behavior. This study surveys public accounting firm in Sumatera with a total of107 respondents. Data analysis was performed by using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). The results show that locus of control has positive influence on intention to quit and auditor acceptance of dysfunctional audit behavior. In addition, it is also suggested that the effect of locus of control on auditor acceptance of dysfunctional audit behavior is indirectly influenced through intention to quit.
AN EFFICIENT CASE-BASED PLANNING SYSTEM : PRELIMINARY RESULTS F

-Heuristic search planners, as FF and HSP systems, are new planning approaches which performance has been increasing over the last years. One way to outperform the heuristic search planners is using the case-based planning approach, but new similarity metrics must be investigated. This is because the old similarity rules used in previous case-based planning systems are not accurate enough and, consequently, the systems will require more time to adapt a retrieved case than the heuristic search planners require to find a solution. This paper examines the use of a new and more accurate similarity rule, called ADG, in a case-based planning system, and confronts its results with the results of the FF heuristic search planner.
Synthetic image of multiresolution sketch leads to new features

An approach to construction of robust features is proposed and applied to an instance of the correspondence problem. The main idea is to construct a synthetic image by a multiresolution sketch (MS) of an image and involve it into extraction of the invariants. The MS is constructed by processing the image with a scalable detector of the semilocal 1D-elements. Then, a synthetic image is constructed with all elements of the MS. Local maxima of the first and second derivatives of the synthetic image along discrete curves of the MS lead to some singular elements represented by the points of a 4D manifold. It turns out that a representative subset of the singular elements is stable. To prove that, the pair-wise correspondence between subsets of singular elements of two shots of a film was established experimentally by a consistency technique, which, unlike past approaches, does not involve epipolar constraints.
Stable adaptive observers for nonlinear time-varying systems

An adaptive observer/identifier for single input/single output observable nonlinear systems that can be transformed to a certain observable canonical form is described. Sufficient conditions for stability of this observer are provided. These conditions are in terms of the structure of the system and canonical form, the boundedness of the parameter variations, and the sufficient richness of some signals. The scope of the canonical form and the use of the observer/identifier is motivated by the presentation of applications to time-invariant bilinear systems, nonlinear systems in phase-variable form a biotechnological process, and a robot manipulator. In each case, the specific stability conditions are presented. >
Tackling challenges of interactive public displays using gaze

Falling hardware prices led to a widespread use of public displays. Common interaction techniques for such displays currently include touch, mid-air, or smartphone-based interaction. While these techniques are well understood from a technical perspective, several remaining challenges hinder the uptake of interactive displays among passersby. In this paper we propose addressing major public display challenges through gaze as a novel interaction modality. We discuss why gaze-based interaction can tackle these challenges effectively and discuss how solutions can be technically realized. Furthermore, we summarize state-of-the-art eye tracking techniques that show particular promise in the area of public displays.
Next-Generation Sequencing of the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 Genes for the Genetic Diagnostics of Hereditary Breast and / or Ovarian Cancer

opyright a 2015 American Society for Inve nd the Association for Molecular Pathology. ublished by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jmoldx. 2014.11. 004 Genetic testing for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer mostly relies on laborious molecular tools that use Sanger sequencing to scan for mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. We explored a more efficient genetic screening strategy based on next-generation sequencing of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 210 hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer patients. We first validated this approach in a cohort of 115 samples with previously known BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and polymorphisms. Genomic DNA was amplified using the Ion AmpliSeq BRCA1 and BRCA2 panel. The DNA Libraries were pooled, barcoded, and sequenced using an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine sequencer. The combination of different robust bioinformatics tools allowed detection of all previously known pathogenic mutations and polymorphisms in the 115 samples, without detecting spurious pathogenic calls. We then used the same assay in a discovery cohort of 95 uncharacterized hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer patients for BRCA1 and BRCA2. In addition, we describe the allelic frequencies across 210 hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer patients of 74 unique definitely and likely pathogenic and uncertain BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, some of which have not been previously annotated in the public databases. Targeted next-generation sequencing is ready to substitute classic molecular methods to perform genetic testing on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and provides a greater opportunity for more comprehensive testing of at-risk patients. (J Mol Diagn 2015, 17: 162e170; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.11.004)