Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms of UV-Induced Apoptosis and Its Effects on Skin Residential Cells: The Implication in UV-Based Phototherapy

The human skin is an integral system that acts as a physical and immunological barrier to outside pathogens, toxicants, and harmful irradiations. Environmental ultraviolet rays (UV) from the sun might potentially play a more active role in regulating several important biological responses in the context of global warming. UV rays first encounter the uppermost epidermal keratinocytes causing apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms of UV-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes include direct DNA damage (intrinsic), clustering of death receptors on the cell surface (extrinsic), and generation of ROS. When apoptotic keratinocytes are processed by adjacent immature Langerhans cells (LCs), the inappropriately activated Langerhans cells could result in immunosuppression. Furthermore, UV can deplete LCs in the epidermis and impair their migratory capacity, leading to their accumulation in the dermis. Intriguingly, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) activation of LCs by UV can induce the pro-survival and anti-apoptotic signals due to the upregulation of Bcl-xL, leading to the generation of regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, a physiological dosage of UV can also enhance melanocyte survival and melanogenesis. Analogous to its effect in keratinocytes, a therapeutic dosage of UV can induce cell cycle arrest, activate antioxidant and DNA repair enzymes, and induce apoptosis through translocation of the Bcl-2 family proteins in melanocytes to ensure genomic integrity and survival of melanocytes. Furthermore, UV can elicit the synthesis of vitamin D, an important molecule in calcium homeostasis of various types of skin cells contributing to DNA repair and immunomodulation. Taken together, the above-mentioned effects of UV on apoptosis and its related biological effects such as proliferation inhibition, melanin synthesis, and immunomodulations on skin residential cells have provided an integrated biochemical and molecular biological basis for phototherapy that has been widely used in the treatment of many dermatological diseases.
Layered Implementation of Temporal DBMSs|Concepts and Techniques

A wide range of database applications manage time-varying data. Examples include, e.g., accounting, personnel, schedule, and data warehousing applications. At the same time, it is well-known that querying and correctly updating time-varying data is di cult and error-prone when using standard SQL. As a result of a decade of intensive exploration, temporal extensions of SQL have reached a level of maturity and sophistication where it is clear that they o er substantial bene ts over SQL when managing time-varying data. The topic of this paper is the e ective implementation of temporally extended SQL's. Traditionally, it has been assumed that a temporal DBMS must be built from scratch, utilizing new technologies for storage, indexing, query optimization, concurrency control, and recovery. This paper adopts a quite di erent approach. Speci cally, it explores the concepts and techniques involved in implementing a temporally enhanced SQL while maximally reusing the facilities of an existing SQL implementation, e.g., Oracle or DB2. The topics covered span the choice of an adequate timestamp domain that include the time variable \now," a comparison of alternative query processing architectures including a partial parser approach, update processing, and transaction processing, the latter including how to ensure ACID properties and assign correct timestamps.
A hierarchical feature search method for wine label image recognition

In view of the people dramatic increase in the demand for wine, wine culture has be gradually integrated into Taiwanese's daily diet of life. However, the kernel skills of existed wine information systems are mostly based on text searching techniques and this will restrict the system usability especially the text on wine label is not print in English. There are only a small number of mobile information systems which provide related wine information with visual search function. In this paper, we proposed an efficient mobile visual search scheme for wine label recognition using a client-server architecture. Furthermore, a hierarchical feature search method is proposed to improve the image matching performance of searching similar wine label images in database. Experimental results reveal that the proposed wine label information system can achieve 95.05% accuracy rate in 202 wine label images recognition test and 0.26 second matching time for each image query.
Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-(p-sulfophenyl)adenosine in diabetic Zucker rats: influence of the disease on the selectivity of action.

Studies were designed to investigate differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-(p-sulfophenyl)adenosine (SPA) between lean and obese Zucker rats. In conscious rats, time courses of the effect on heart rate and parameters of lipid metabolism (fatty acids, glycerol) were monitored in combination with the decline of drug concentrations after i.v. administration of 100 microgram SPA in 15 min. Small differences in pharmacokinetics of SPA were observed between lean and obese rats. Values for clearance and volume of distribution were 1.2 +/- 0.2 ml/min and 88 +/- 10 ml in lean, and 1.6 +/- 0.1 ml/min and 110 +/- 7 ml in obese animals, respectively. Modelling of the concentration-heart rate relationship on the basis of the sigmoidal Emax model revealed no difference in EC50 (99 +/- 12 and 118 +/- 17 ng/ml) or Emax (-191 +/- 16 and -185 +/- 22 bpm) between the lean and obese rats. The metabolic effects of SPA were totally different between lean and obese rats. Potent (EC50 = 18 +/- 3 ng/ml) inhibition of lipolysis was observed in the lean rats. In obese rats, SPA was less potent (EC50 = 109 +/- 36 ng/ml) resulting in short lasting antilipolytic effect. Furthermore, administration of SPA resulted in a significant decrease in insulin concentrations. These findings show that changes in glucose and lipid metabolism may be associated with an altered sensitivity to the antilipolytic actions of adenosine A1 receptor agonists.
Discussion of Small Firm Effect: Are there Abnormal Returns in the Market

The Generalized Capital Asset Pricing Model (GCAPM) described in my paper and that in Levy (1978), come to similar conclusions for different reasons. The source of the similarity is that in both our models different investors hold different subsets of securities. A Lagrangian equality condition holds for each investor’s subset. The difference in our GCAPMs is that Professor Levy assumes that the subsets are due to the costs of buying and supervising large portfolios; I derive my subsets by assuming that investors seek mean-variance efficiency subject to inequality constraints. Since Levy’s model implies that the “small capitilizatin effect,” SCE, is not an anomaly but an implication under plausible assumptions, perhaps so does mine. Figures I and 2 explore these implications using the canonical graphical analysis of Chapter 1 1 of Markowitz (1987). Refer to Figure I . Recall from Chapters 1 1 and 12, as summarized in my Risk Adjustment paper, that the line segments db and bc constitute the efficient set in this case, and the market portfolio may be anywhere in the triangle dbc. The location of the market within this triangle reflects the extent to which investors hold portfolios near d or near b on db, and near c or near b on bc. Consider alternate situations in which the market is g versus the market is f . Recall how the composition of a point (portfolio) is determined by its position within the triangle. In particular a larger percent of b is in g than f; that is, b is a high cap stock if g is the market and a mid cap stock i f f is the market. The covariance between two portfolios is given by cov(X,Y) = v,,, + (cos 6 ) IIXII IlYll where 8 is the angle between OX and OY, llXll is the length of X , and V,,, is the variance of the origin 0 (of the canonical graph) whether this is feasible or not. In particular, the covariance between b and g is greater than the covariance between b and f. Chapter 12 shows that the only portfolios P such that there exists a linear relationship
Análisis internacional de los códigos de buen gobierno

This paper analyzes and internationally compares the content of codes of good practices. We consider 22 measures of corporate governance divided into three groups: ownership structure, the board of directors and auditing. We compare the codes of good practices of 29 countries from the five continents. Our results show that the movement of reform of the corporate governance tries to replace the deficiencies of the legal and institutional setting in order to protect the shareholders in the countries with the least legal protection.
An evaluation of SAR image compression techniques

Transform coding based on the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT), the discrete cosine transform (DCT), and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is well-understood for optical images. Transform coding applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, however, has not been well-studied. This paper compares the results of compressing SAR images using KLT, DCT, and DWT coders. We compare the compression results based on six performance criteria-mean-squared error, mean absolute error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, energy compaction, transform gain, and compression ratio.
Purchasing a C_4 online

Let $G$ be a graph with edge set $(e_1,e_2,.e_N)$. We independently associate to each edge $e_i$ of $G$ a cost ${x}_i$ that is drawn from a Uniform [0, 1] distribution. Suppose $\mathcal{F}$ is a set of targeted structures that consists of subgraphs of $G$. We would like to buy a subset of $\mathcal{F}$ at small cost, however we do not know a priori the values of the random variables ${x}_1,. ,{x}_N$. Instead, we inspect the random variables $x_i$ one at a time. As soon as we inspect the random variable associated with the cost of an edge we have to decide whether we want to buy that edge or reject it for ever. In the present paper we consider the case where $G$ is the complete graph on $n$ vertices and $\mathcal{F}$ is the set of all $C_4$ -cycles on 4 vertices- out of which we want to buy one.
Games Real Actors Could Play: The Problem of Complete Information

This contribution describes scientif ic associations in the FRG with regard to several social-structural variables - number, size, disciplinary distribution - and afterwards concentrates on the question which interests of members are served by these organizations. Four main interests are often mentioned: communicative interests within the respective research communities, individual and collective status interests, interests concerning the transfer between researchers and potential users of their knowledge, and, finally, interests with regard to influencing research policy. Empirically, communicative and transfer interests dominate today.
Performance Analysis of Hybrid Medium Access Protocol in IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN

In this paper, the performance of a hybrid medium access protocol in IEEE 802.15. 3 has been studied. An analytical model has been developed for the coordination between the contention access period (CAP) and the contention-free channel time allocation period (CTAP). Given the traffic characteristic and the number of contending devices, the piconet coordinator (PNC) determines the duration of the CAP. Based on the successfully received requests and the scheduling scheme, the PNC decides the duration of the CTAP. Extensive simulations are performed to validate our analysis.
Spectral biclustering of microarray cancer data : co-clustering genes and conditions

Global analyses of RNA expression levels are useful for classifying genes and overall phenotypes. Often these classification problems are linked, and one wants to simultaneously find "marker genes" that are differentially expressed in particular “conditions”. We have developed a method that simultaneously clusters genes and conditions, finding distinctive "checkerboard" patterns in matrices of gene expression data, if they exist. In a cancer context, these checkerboards correspond to genes that are markedly up or down regulated in patients with particular types of tumors. Our method, spectral biclustering, is based on the observation that checkerboard structures in matrices of expression data can be found in eigenvectors corresponding to characteristic expression patterns across genes or conditions. Furthermore, these eigenvectors can be readily identified by commonly used linear-algebra approaches, in particular the singular value decomposition (SVD), coupled with closely integrated normalization steps. We present a number of variants of the approach, depending on whether the normalization over genes and conditions is done independently or in a coupled fashion. We then apply spectral biclustering to a selection of publicly available cancer expression data sets, and examine the degree to which it is able to identify checkerboard structures. Furthermore, we compare the performance of our biclustering methods against a number of reasonable benchmarks (e.g. direct application of SVD or normalized cuts to raw data).
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy in a Patient With a Rare Loss‐of‐Function KCNQ1 Mutation

Background Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a common manifestation of advanced cardiomyopathies. In a subset of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, VT is the initial and the cardinal manifestation of the disease. The molecular genetic basis of this subset of dilated cardiomyopathy is largely unknown. Methods and Results We identified 10 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who presented with VT and sequenced 14 common causal genes for cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias. Functional studies included cellular patch clamp, confocal microscopy, and immunoblotting. We identified nonsynonymous variants in 4 patients, including a rare missense p.R397Q mutation in the KCNQ1 gene in a 60‐year‐old man who presented with incessant VT and had mild cardiac dysfunction. The p.R397Q mutation was absent in an ethnically matched control group, affected a conserved amino acid, and was predicted by multiple algorithms to be pathogenic. Co‐expression of the mutant KCNQ1 with its partner unit KCNE1 was associated with reduced tail current density of slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs). The mutation reduced membrane localization of the protein. Conclusions Dilated cardiomyopathy with an initial presentation of VT may be a forme fruste of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in genes encoding the ion channels. The findings implicate KCNQ1 as a possible causal gene for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
An Overview of Selenium Uptake, Metabolism, and Toxicity in Plants

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, but lead to toxicity when taken in excessive amounts. Plants are the main source of dietary Se, but essentiality of Se for plants is still controversial. However, Se at low doses protects the plants from variety of abiotic stresses such as cold, drought, desiccation, and metal stress. In animals, Se acts as an antioxidant and helps in reproduction, immune responses, thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenium is chemically similar to sulfur, hence taken up inside the plants via sulfur transporters present inside root plasma membrane, metabolized via sulfur assimilatory pathway, and volatilized into atmosphere. Selenium induced oxidative stress, distorted protein structure and function, are the main causes of Se toxicity in plants at high doses. Plants can play vital role in overcoming Se deficiency and Se toxicity in different regions of the world, hence, detailed mechanism of Se metabolism inside the plants is necessary for designing effective Se phytoremediation and biofortification strategies.
The Monetary Approach to Exchange Rate Determination in Five ASEAN Countries

This study examines the monetary model of exchange rate determination for five ASEAN countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand; and to estimate their exchange rate misalignments before the 1997 currency crisis. The validity of the monetary models; the relationship between exchange rates and macroeconomic fundamentals; the restoration of the long-run equilibrium exchange rates; and the out-of-sample forecasts of monetary model were examined using vector error-correction model. The results showed that the series used are stationary and cointegrated. The likelihood ratio tests cannot reject the structural identification of the implied cointegrating relation is the sticky-price monetary model for all five ASEAN countries but rejected almost all the flexible-price monetary model and the imposed restriction of proportionality between the exchange rate and relative money. The estimated long-run parameters for Indonesia and Singapore strongly support the theory of monetary models while the result for the Philippines provides weak support. However, the long-run coefficients for Malaysia and Thailand are inconsistent with the theory. The error-correction terms are significant and correctly signed. The speeds of adjustment are rapid in Indonesia and Thailand while the speeds for Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore are slower. Using the final parsimonious vector error-correction models, out-of-sample predictions for ASEAN five exchange rates are generated. The plotted actual and fitted exchange rates show that the models are able to track the actual exchange rate trend quiet well. The resulting residuals between the actual and the fitted values of exchange rate are the estimated misalignments. The results indicated that the Indonesia rupiah, Malaysian ringgit, Philippines peso and Singapore dollar were overvalued before the currency crisis while Thai baht was undervalued on the eve of the crisis. However, these five countries suffered modest misalignment. Therefore, little evidence of exchange misalignment is found to exist in 1997:Q2. In addition, the measure of the exchange rate valuation for ringgit Malaysia after imposing the pegging system shows that the RMAJSD exchange rate has been pegged at equilibrium level after the implementation of pegging RM3.80 to one US dollar.
Expression of All SI Units by One Parameter with Acceptable Uncertainties

Finding out how many parameters are necessary to explain and describe complex and various phenomena of nature has been a challenge in modern physics. This paper introduces a new formal system of units, which maintain compatibility with SI units, to express all seven SI base units by dimensionless numbers with acceptable uncertainties and to establish the number one as the fundamental parameter of everything. All seven SI base units are converted successfully into the unified dimensionless numerical values via normalization of s, c, h, k, e/me, NA, and b by unity (1). In the proposed system of units, even the unlike-dimensioned physical quantities can be convertible and hence added, subtracted, or compared to one another. It is very simple and easy to analyze and validate physical equations by substituting every unit with the corresponding number. Furthermore, it is expected to find new relationships among unlike-dimensioned physical quantities, which is extremely difficult or even impossible in SI units.
Correlations between bright submillimetre sources and low-redshift galaxies

We present evidence for a positive angular correlation between bright submillimetre (sub-mm) sources and low-redshift galaxies. The study was conducted using 39 sources selected from three contiguous, flux-limited SCUBA surveys, cross-correlated with optical field galaxies with magnitudes R 10 mJy. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations of clustered sub-mm populations, and find that the probability of obtaining these correlations by chance is less than 0.4 per cent. The results may suggest that a larger than expected fraction of sub-mm sources lies at z ≃ 0.5. Alternatively, we argue that this signal is most likely caused by gravitational lensing bias, which may be entirely expected given the steep sub-mm source counts. Implications for future sub-mm surveys are discussed.
On the Stolz-Adams Deconvolution Model for the Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flows

We consider a family of large-eddy simulation (LES) models with an arbitrarily high consistency error $O(\delta^{2N+2})$ for $N = 1,2,3,\ldots$ that are based on the van Cittert deconvolution procedure. This family of models has been proposed and tested for LES with success by Adams and Stolz in a series of papers, e.g., [Deconvolution methods for subgrid-scale approximation in large-eddy simulation, in Modern Simulation Strategies for Turbulent Flow, R. T. Edwards, Philadelphia, 2001, pp. 21-41], [Phys. Fluids, 11 (1999), pp. 1699-1701]. We show that these models have an interesting and quite strong stability property. Using this property we prove an energy equality, existence, uniqueness, and regularity of strong solutions and give a rigorous bound on the modeling error $\left\|{ \bf \overline{u}- w }\right\|$, where ${\bf w}$ is the model's solution and ${\bf \overline u }$ is the true flow averages.
A Method to Design SEC-DED-DAEC Codes With Optimized Decoding

Single error correction-double error detection-double adjacent error correction (SEC-DED-DAEC) codes have been proposed to protect SRAM devices from multiple cell upsets (MCUs). The correction of double adjacent errors ensures that the most common types of MCUs are corrected. At the same time, SEC-DED-DAEC codes require the same number of parity check bits as traditional SEC-DED codes. The main overhead associated with SEC-DED-DAEC codes is the increase in decoding complexity that can impact access time and circuit power and area. In this paper, a method to design SEC-DED-DAEC codes with optimized decoding is presented and evaluated. The proposed scheme starts by setting some constraints on the parity check matrix of the codes. Those constraints are then used to simplify the decoding. The proposed scheme has been implemented and evaluated for different word-lengths. The results show that, for data words of 32 bits, the scheme can be implemented with the same number of parity check bits as SEC-DED codes. For 16 and 64 bits words, an additional parity check bit is required, making the scheme less attractive. With the proposed method, the decoders can be optimized for area or speed. Both implementations are evaluated and compared with existing SEC-DED-DAEC decoders. The results show that the proposed decoders reduce significantly the circuit area, power, and delay.
Analyse en Moyenne de la Complexité des Algorithmes d ’ Apprentissage Relationnel

Résumé : Ce papier présente pour la première fois une analyse empiri que de la complexité des algorithmes d’apprentissage relationne l sur tout le paysage de la complexité des problèmes (en particulier dans le cadre du motif standard “easy-hard-easy”). Cette analyse est rendue possible grâc aux récents travaux en transition de phase où un générateur de problèmes aléatoire s a été proposé, dont les paramètres d’ordre permettent de traverser tout le spec tre de la complexité. Dans le cas que nous avons considéré, le paramètre d’ordre ut ilisé est le nombre d’exemples positifs et négatifs. Nous avons analysé le comportement des algorithmes d’appre ntissage relationnel les plus utilisés. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’il res te ncore du chemin à parcourir pour obtenir des algorithmes efficaces en apprent issage. En particulier, la courbe de la complexité des algorithmes testés montrent u n profil “easy-hardhard” – sauf pour le cas de l’approche ascendante guidée par l es données (lgg) – alors que la courbe théorique possède un profil “easy-harde sy”. Cette étude ouvre la voie vers une analyse en profondeur des comportemen s d s algorithmes et la proposition d’algorithmes se rapprochant le plus du ré férentiel théorique désormais disponible.