Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Right Ventricular Endocardial Fibroelastosis in Fetuses with Critical Pulmonary Stenosis and Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum

Background: Systematic assessment of right ventricular (RV) endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) in the fetus with critical pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (CPS/PA-IVS) has not been reported. The implications of RV EFE for circulatory outcomes with or without fetal cardiac intervention (FCI) have also not been demonstrated. Methods: The fetal echocardiographic data from July 2018 to January 2021 in a single-center institution were collected. Three reviewers independently graded EFE according to the presence and extent of endocardial echogenicity. The associations among EFE severity, anatomic variables, and postnatal outcomes were analyzed. Results: 81 cases with RV EFE were identified. By consensus, EFE severity was assessed as grade 1 ("mild"; n=66, 81.48%), grade 2 ("moderate"; n=11, 13.58%), and grade 3 ("severe"; n=4, 4.94%). RV sphericity values were greater in grade 2 and 3 EFE groups compared to the grade 1 EFE group, implying more severe noncompliance and worse diastolic function. 10/81(12.35%) fetuses underwent FCI. At the latest available follow-up, 59/81 (72.84%) patients had achieved biventricular circulation. Furthermore, 9/59 (15.25%)--four with grade 1 EFE, three with grade 2, and two with grade 3--had undergone FCI, whereas the other 50/59 (84.75%)--who all had grade 1 EFE--had not. Conclusions: For the first time in CPS/PA-IVS, RV EFE was graded and the potential of FCI to improve the prognosis of non-mild RV EFE patients was revealed. Non-mild RV EFE was suggested to be a putative indicator of FCI.
Humidity Sensor Based-on Quartz Crystal Microbalance of Sprayed Silver Nanoparticles Films

The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) film was prepared in this work by the electrostatic spray deposition technique. The Ag NPs film properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectrophotometer, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. Then, the Ag NPs film was prepared on a 2 MHz crystal microbalance to fabricate the humidity sensor. The measurement systems are composed of a fabricated sensor, oscillator circuit, and frequency counter. The sensor performances were obtained in terms of the frequency shift of the device at various humidity levels. The conditions of saturated salt solutions following NIST standard were used as humidity values for measurement. It was found that the fabricated device exhibited approximately a frequency shift of 25 Hz in the humidity range of 11-93 %RH. Moreover, the device demonstrated low hysteresis at a value of about 1%RH with a humidity level of 43 %RH.
Identifying influential nodes in complex networks based on network embedding and local structure entropy

The identification of influential nodes in complex networks remains a crucial research direction, as it paves the way for analyzing and controlling information diffusion. The currently presented network embedding algorithms are capable of representing high-dimensional and sparse networks with low-dimensional and dense vector spaces, which not only keeps the network structure but also has high accuracy. In this work, a novel centrality approach based on network embedding and local structure entropy, called the ELSEC, is proposed for capturing richer information to evaluate the importance of nodes from the view of local and global perspectives. In short, firstly, the local structure entropy is used to measure the self importance of nodes. Secondly, the network is mapped to a vector space to calculate the Manhattan distance between nodes by using the Node2vec network embedding algorithm, and the global importance of nodes is defined by combining the correlation coefficients. To reveal the effectiveness of the ELSEC, we select three types of algorithms for identifying key nodes as contrast approaches, including methods based on node centrality, optimal decycling based algorithms and graph partition based methods, and conduct experiments on ten real networks for correlation, ranking monotonicity, accuracy of high ranking nodes and the size of the giant connected component. Experimental results show that the ELSEC algorithm has excellent ability to identify influential nodes.
Detecting Prosumer-Community Groups in Smart Grids From the Multiagent Perspective

One of the greatest advancements of the modern era is the evolution of smart grid (SG), which integrates information communication technologies with advanced power electronic technologies to cope with the global energy shortage. The users in SGs are often called the “prosumers,” who not only consume energy but also generate the energy and share it with the utility grid or with other energy consumers. In order to promote sustainable prosumer management in SGs, one of the feasible strategies is to aggregate the prosumers from different locations, but with similar energy behaviors and cohesive interconnections, such groups of prosumers are also called the prosumer-community groups (PCGs). The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we provide a generalized definition of individual prosumer’s energy density, which can be used to detect the underlying leader prosumers in SGs. Second, we formulate the PCG detection (PCG-D) as a multiobjective optimization problem, and present a novel dynamic game model to find the locally Pareto-optimal PCG structure. Third, we propose a partially visible multiagent system (PVMAS), where the viewing angles of both prosumers and PCGs are mutually restricted. The significance of our PVMAS is that it can nicely lead itself to parallelization for PCG-D, due to the fact that the feature updating of each agent is independent of each other. We conduct a series of comprehensive experiments on the simulated SG datasets to validate the performance of PVMAS through comparing it with existing community detection approaches in the literature.
A novel magnetic calibration method based on an extended shaping filter

During maneuvering of high-speed aircraft, the eddy-current magnetic field has a significant impact on the real-time geomagnetic field measurement accuracy. However, it is difficult to estimate the eddy-current component directly when it is considered in the magnetic distortion model. In this paper, we proposed a geomagnetic field estimation method based on a shaping filter. Soft-iron, hard-iron and eddy-current field distortions were considered in the compensation system. In the estimation process, a higher-order shaping filter is designed to coincide the higher-order statistics of the alternative system with the input of the original system. Simulation results showed that our proposed method could accurately estimate the eddy-current field. Compared with methods that do not consider the eddy-current field, the root-mean-square error of the geomagnetic field could be reduced by more than 50%, thus significantly improving the accuracy of geomagnetic field measurement.
Prediction of drilling site-specific interaction of industrial acoustic stimuli and endangered whales: Beaufort Sea (1985). Final report, July 1985-March 1986

Research was performed during the first year (1985) of the two-year project investigating potential responsiveness of bowhead and gray whales to underwater sounds associated with offshore oil-drilling sites in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. The underwater acoustic environment and sound propagation characteristics of five offshore sites were determined. Estimates of industrial noise levels versus distance from those sites are provided. LGL Ltd. (bowhead) and BBN (gray whale) jointly present zones of responsiveness of these whales to typical underwater sounds (drillship, dredge, tugs, drilling at gravel island). An annotated bibliography regarding the potential effects of offshore industrial noise on bowhead whales in the Beaufort Sea is included.
Improving the performance of Hierarchical Hidden Markov Models on Information Extraction tasks

This thesis presents novel methods for creating and improving hierarchical hidden Markov models. The work centers around transforming a traditional tree structured hierarchical hidden Markov model (HHMM) into an equivalent model that reuses repeated sub-trees. This process temporarily breaks the tree structure constraint in order to leverage the benefits of combining repeated sub-trees. These benefits include lowered cost of testing and an increased accuracy of the final model—thus providing the model with greater performance. The result is called a merged and simplified hierarchical hidden Markov model (MSHHMM). The thesis goes on to detail four techniques for improving the performance of MSHHMMs when applied to information extraction tasks, in terms of accuracy and computational cost. Briefly, these techniques are: a new formula for calculating the approximate probability of previously unseen events; pattern generalisation to transform observations, thus increasing testing speed and prediction accuracy; restructuring states to focus on state transitions; and an automated flattening technique for reducing the complexity of HHMMs. The basic model and four improvements are evaluated by applying them to the wellknown information extraction tasks of Reference Tagging and Text Chunking. In both tasks, MSHHMMs show consistently good performance across varying sizes of training data. In the case of Reference Tagging, the accuracy of the MSHHMM is comparable to other methods. However, when the volume of training data is limited, MSHHMMs mainiv Abstract tain high accuracy whereas other methods show a significant decrease. These accuracy gains were achieved without any significant increase in processing time. For the Text Chunking task the accuracy of the MSHHMM was again comparable to other methods. However, the other methods incurred much higher processing delays compared to the MSHHMM. The results of these practical experiments demonstrate the benefits of the new method—increased accuracy, lower computation costs, and better performance.
Input-to-State Stabilization of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems Subject to Cyberattacks: An Observer-Based Adaptive Sliding Mode Approach

This paper focuses on the sliding mode control (SMC) problem of interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy systems subject to the unmeasurable state and cyberattacks. A key issue is how to design a state observer under the constraint that only the bounds of membership functions are known. To this end, this paper introduces two weighting factors to construct a new membership function. Besides, the concept of input-to-state stability (ISS) is utilized to deal with the residual term resulting from the cyberattacks and external disturbances. The sufficient condition is established such that the sliding mode dynamics and the estimated error dynamics are input-to-state stable. Furthermore, by online estimating the unknown parameters in upper bounds of cyberattacks and external disturbances, an adaptive sliding mode controller is synthesized such that the reachability of the prescribed sliding surface can be guaranteed and the effect of cyberattacks on the system performance can be effectively attenuated. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is illustrated by a mass–spring–damper system.
Accumulation and effects of 4-nonylphenol in chinook salmon fry and their estuarine amphipod prey

C. Jepson 4-nonylphenol (NP), a surfactant degradation product, is an unregulated, ubiquitous aquatic contaminant and endocrine disruptor, for which aquatic life criteria are currently under development by U.S. EPA. The effects of NP on estuarine amphipods and chinook salmon fry were investigated, and this dissertation reports research into the impacts of NP bioaccumulation on the amphipods and resultant endocrine disruption of their juvenile salmon predators. Sensitivity to, and bioaccumulation of, NP by benthic amphipods were quantified. Factors affecting the bio availability of NP to three species of amphipod (Eohaustorius estuarius, Grandidierella japonica, and Corophium salmonis) were detennined in contaminated sediments. Standard bioassay techniques were modified to determine toxicity and bioaccumulation, with varying amounts and differing nutritional qualities of sedimentary organic carbon. '4C-Ring-labeled NP was used as a tracer in the experiments to quantify amphipod exposures. NP was Redacted for privacy acutely toxic to Eohaustorius estuarius from aqueous exposures, mean (+1-SD) LC5O = 227 igIL +156, 1 h mean reburial EC5O = 138 +136. The predicted LC5O for NP (202 tg/L) from an amphipod-derived structure-activity relationship was not significantly different (p>.O.05) from our empirically derived LC5O (227 igfL). All three amphipod species accumulated significant NP body burdens. Accumulation was inversely proportional to the total amount of organic carbon, but it did not differ between types of organic matter. Calculated accumulation factors indicated that amphipods could be an important and previously unrecognized source of NP to higher trophic levels. Plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) was quantified in juvenile chinook salmon following dietary exposure to NP contaminated amphipods and aqueous exposure to multiple NP concentrations. Fry that had fed upon contaminated amphipods did not have significantly greater Vtg levels than controls; however, Vtg was detected in 30 percent of fry. NP aqueous concentrations at 60 and 240 pg/L significantly induced Vtg in fry following 5 d exposures. The 240 tgJL aquatic NP treatment fry had comparable levels of Vtg to the positive control treatment in which fry were injected 17B-estradiol. These results indicate that amphipods are potential vectors of sediment NP to higher trophic levels within the water column, including juvenile chinook salmon. ©Copyright by Scott A. Hecht August 9, 2002 All Rights Reserved ACCUMULATION AND EFFECTS OF 4-NONYLPHENOL IN CHINOOK SALMON FRY AND THEIR ESTUARINE AMPHIPOD PREY
Distributed Flow Network Balancing With Minimal Effort

The flow network balancing problem, i.e., the problem of balancing the incoming and outgoing flows for each vertex of a directed graph, has been widely investigated with several distributed solutions being proposed in recent years. Flow balancing is crucial in several application domains, ranging from water and traffic networks to complex network synchronization and distributed adaptive networked control. In this paper, we focus on finding the solution for the flow network balancing problem that is optimal in a minimal effort sense. More specifically, we aim at modifying a given set of (unbalanced) flows so that we obtain a balanced solution. We assume that there is a (possibly heterogenous) cost associated to the unit variation of each flow, as well as lower and upper bounds on the peredge flows. More in detail, we first establish a necessary and sufficient optimality condition for network balancing and then propose a distributed protocol, demonstrating its convergence toward the global optimal solution. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed algorithm.
Isolation, biochemical characterization, and genome sequencing of two high‐quality genomes of a novel chitinolytic Jeongeupia species

Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide worldwide as part of arthropods' exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. Low concentrations in soils and sediments indicate rapid decomposition through chitinolytic organisms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The enacting enzymes, so‐called chitinases, and their products, chitooligosaccharides, exhibit promising characteristics with applications ranging from crop protection to cosmetics, medical, textile, and wastewater industries. Exploring novel chitinolytic organisms is crucial to expand the enzymatical toolkit for biotechnological chitin utilization and to deepen our understanding of diverse catalytic mechanisms. In this study, we present two long‐read sequencing‐based genomes of highly similar Jeongeupia species, which have been screened, isolated, and biochemically characterized from chitin‐amended soil samples. Through metabolic characterization, whole‐genome alignments, and phylogenetic analysis, we could demonstrate how the investigated strains differ from the taxonomically closest strain Jeongeupia naejangsanensis BIO‐TAS4‐2T (DSM 24253). In silico analysis and sequence alignment revealed a multitude of highly conserved chitinolytic enzymes in the investigated Jeongeupia genomes. Based on these results, we suggest that the two strains represent a novel species within the genus of Jeongeupia, which may be useful for environmentally friendly N‐acetylglucosamine production from crustacean shell or fungal biomass waste or as a crop protection agent.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the e ﬀ ects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supple- mentation on gene expression related to in ﬂ ammation, insulin and lipid in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients and methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 40 subjects with PD. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to take either 1000mg/day of omega-3 fatty acids from ﬂ axseed oil plus 400IU/day of vitamin E supplements or placebo (n=20 each group) for 12 weeks. Gene expression related to in ﬂ ammation, insulin and lipid were quanti ﬁ ed in peripheral blood mono- nuclear cells (PBMC) of PD patients with RT-PCR method. Results: After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co- supplementation downregulated gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ) (P=0.002) in PBMC of subjects with PD. In addition, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR- γ ) (P=0.03), and downregulated oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P=0.002) in PBMC of subjects with PD compared with the placebo. We did not observe any signi ﬁ cant e ﬀ ect of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-8 in PBMC of patients with PD. Conclusions: Overall, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation for 12 weeks in PD patients signi ﬁ cantly improved gene expression of TNF- α , PPAR- γ and LDLR, but did not a ﬀ ect IL-1 and IL-8.
altered regional homogeneity in patients with unilateral acute open-globe injury: a resting-state functional Mri study

Objective: To investigate the underlying regional homogeneity (ReHo) brain activity changes in patients with unilateral acute open-globe injury (OGI) and their relationship with their clinical features. Patients and methods: In total, 18 patients with acute OGI (16 males and two females) and 18 healthy controls (HCs; 16 males and two females) closely matched in age, sex, and education status participated in the study. Each subject underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The ReHo method was used to assess local features of spontaneous brain activity. Receiver–operating characteristic curve was used to distinguish OGIs from HCs. The nonparametric statistical analysis was used to explore the relationship between the observed mean ReHo values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance. Results: Compared with HCs, acute OGI patients had significantly increased ReHo values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe/lingual gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, and left precentral operculum. However, there was no relationship between the observed mean ReHo values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance. Conclusion: Acute OGI may cause dysfunction in many brain regions, which may reflect the underlying pathologic mechanisms of acute vision loss in OGI patients.
A reflection of Africa’s cardiac surgery capacity to manage congenital heart defects: a perspective

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are birth abnormalities that may drastically alter the structure and functionality of the heart. For 70% of infants with congenital disorders to survive or maintain a better quality of life, surgery is necessary. Over 500 000 of the 1.5 million CHD cases reported annually, or 1% of all live births, occur in Africa, according to the WHO. A surmounted 90% of these patients are from Africa, and as a consequence, 300 000 infants die annually as a result of poor care or difficulty accessing adequate healthcare. However, the high prevalence of CHDs, precipitated by a plethora of aetiologies worldwide, is particularly pronounced in Africa due to maternal infectious diseases like syphilis and rubella amongst the pregnant populace. In low- and middle-income countries, especially in Africa, where foreign missions and organizations care for the majority of complicated cardiac surgical patients, access to secure and affordable cardiac surgical therapy is a substantial issue. Interventions for CHDs are very expensive in Africa as many of the continent’s domiciles possess low expenditures and funding, thereby cannot afford the costs indicated by associated surgical treatments. Access to management and healthcare for CHDs is further hampered by a lack of trained surgical personnel, specialized tools, infrastructure, and diagnostic facilities in Africa.
Innovative actions in oceans and human health for Europe

Summary Innovative actions are local initiatives which leverage the interactions between the ocean and human health to reduce the risks and enhance the benefits for the stakeholders and the natural environment. These initiatives can have strong positive effects on human health and wellbeing as well as on the marine environment. We analysed 150 such innovative actions in Europe. Using a combined case study and survey approach, innovative actions were identified using interviews and content analysis of websites and compiled into a database. Quantitative data were analysed according to the Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact and Response (DPSIR) framework, guided by selected in-depth interviews. Overall, the innovative actions provided a positive impact on the health of both the ocean and humans through increasing food provision, water quality and tourism opportunities; and addressing environmental issues such as commercial fish stock depletion, pollution and climate change. Innovative actions contributed to meeting various targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 13 and 14. These actions played a potential role ahead of and alongside policy. Some of the innovative actions may have potential to be put in place elsewhere. Such up-scaling would need to be adapted to local circumstances and could be facilitated by an innovative action exchange platform.