Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peak Ground Acceleration Estimation by Linear and Nonlinear Models with Reduced Order Monte Carlo Simulation

Abstract: Estimation of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is one of the main tasks in civil and earthquake engineering practice since it is an important factor for the design spectrum. The Boore–Joyner–Fumal (BJF) and the Crouse–McGuire formula are well‐known empirical models by estimating the PGA with the magnitude of earthquake, the fault‐to‐site distance, and the site foundation properties. It is obvious that a predictive model class with more effective free parameters often fit the data better. However, this does not imply that the complicated formula is more realistic since overfitting may happen when the formula has too many free parameters. In this article, 32 linear and 16 nonlinear predictive model classes are constructed and investigated. The Bayesian model class selection approach is utilized to obtain the most suitable predictive model class for the seismic attenuation formula. In this approach, each predictive model class is evaluated by the plausibility conditional on the data and it is proportional to the evidence which involves a high‐dimensional integral. This integral has closed‐form solution for the linear model classes. Analytic work was done to improve the original asymptotic expansion in this study. For the nonlinear model classes, the evidence integral can be reduced to two‐dimensional and then Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to evaluate the double integral. The most plausible model class is robust in the sense that it balances between the data‐fitting capability and the sensitivity to noise. A database of 266 strong‐motion records, obtained from the China Earthquake Data Center, is utilized for the analysis. The most plausible predictive model class and its updated model parameters are determined. It turns out that the most plausible model class is generally simpler than the full BJF empirical formula. In the case where no single model class has dominant plausibility, one can utilize the multi‐model predictive formula that is a plausibility‐weighted average of the prediction of different predictive models.
Energopower: An Introduction

This special collection of Anthropological Quarterly aims to spark new ways of thinking about formations and operations of modern power. Specifically, the articles explore how energic forces and infrastructures interrelate with institutions and ideations of political power. In the hope of fanning sparks into flames, we juxtapose this process of exploration with the influential paradigm of “biopower” developed by Michel Foucault. All of the essays explore how modalities of “biopower” (the management of life and population) today depend in crucial respects upon modalities of energopower (the harnessing of electricity and fuel) and vice-versa. We emphasize especially the critical importance of exploring the juncture of biopower and energopower in the context of the rising importance of scientific and political discourse on anthropogenic climate change. As human use of energy is increasingly linked to the disruption and destruction of conditions of life (human and otherwise), the tensions between dominant energopolitical systems (like carbon fuel) and biopolitical projects (like sustainability) are increasingly evident, opening new possibilities of anthropological analysis. Both energopower and biopower, we conclude, are entering into a pivotal transitional phase.
The 'linguistic' asylum interview and the linguist's evaluation of it, with special reference to applicants for Liberian political asylum in Switzerland

The ability of 'linguistic' asylum interviews to assess where an asylum applicant has been socialized rests on several factors. Relevant linguistic boundaries must be known, and they must be compatible with political borders. However, even if the circumstances are such that the relation of linguistic to national boundaries is not problematic, consistently reliable evaluation is possible only if the evaluator is trained in linguistics and knowledgeable about the language under examination. The present article examines Swiss practice in assessing applicants for Liberian political asylum. Even as concerns about current procedures are expressed, the assertion is made that the system is reliable.
Increasing emotional intelligence of employees: Evidence from research and development teams in Taiwan

Although the concept of emotional intelligence has captured the interest of researchers and the wider public, the mechanism by which transformational leadership exerts its influence on the development of emotional intelligence behavior of followers remains relatively unexplored. In this study we proposed a latent growth model, recruiting 342 employees from Taiwan information technology firms at multiple time points over a 6-month period to test the proposed model. The findings showed that, compared with their coworkers, those employees who perceived their leaders as demonstrating more transformational leadership at Time 1, were more likely than others to develop increases in emotional intelligence behavior over time, which consequently improved their task performance and led to the development of an increase in their organizational citizenship behaviors.
Individual differences in anxiety responses to stressful situations: a three‐mode component analysis model

The three‐mode component analysis model is discussed as a tool for a contextualized study of personality. When applied to person×situation×response data, the model includes sets of latent dimensions for persons, situations, and responses as well as a so‐called core array, which may be considered a summary description of the individual differences in response profiles across situations. Underlying psychological processes may be further revealed by relating the model to external data on cognitive–affective personality system (CAPS) variables. The model as well as its validation in CAPS terms is illustrated with self‐report data on anxiety responses displayed by several persons in a sample of situations. Furthermore, the model is tested against recently formulated criticisms regarding the use of (two‐mode) factor analysis in personality research, and its relation to the triple typology model recently proposed by Vansteelandt and Van Mechelen (1998) is briefly discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Name Codes and Color Memory.

Thirteen observers participated in a three-part study of the nature of coding. First, each observer's point of subjective equality for colors straddling the boundary between blue and green was determined. Then, before two successive and otherwise identical tests of the observer's recognition of the color at that point, the experimenter labeled the color 'greenish' and then 'bluish,' or vice versa. The data show that these name codes exercised a distinctive two-way intraobserver control over the visual recognition memory of ambiguous colors.
Critical appraisal of the differential effects of antihypertensive agents on arterial stiffness

Increased central arterial stiffness, involving accelerated vascular ageing of the aorta, is a powerful and independent risk factor for early mortality and provides prognostic information above and beyond traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Central arterial stiffness is an important determinant of pulse pressure; therefore, any pathological increase may result in left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired coronary perfusion. Central artery stiffness can be assessed noninvasively by measurement of aortic pulse wave velocity, which is the gold standard for measurement of arterial stiffness. Earlier, it was believed that changes in arterial stiffness, which are primarily influenced by long-term pressure-dependent structural changes, may be slowed but not reversed by pharmacotherapy. Recent studies with drugs that inhibit the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, advanced glycation end products crosslink breakers, and endothelin antagonists suggest that blood pressure (BP)-independent reduction and reversal of arterial stiffness are feasible. We review the recent literature on the differential effect of antihypertensive agents either as monotherapy or combination therapy on arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is an emerging therapeutic target for CVD risk reduction; however, further clinical trials are required to confirm whether BP-independent changes in arterial stiffness directly translate to a reduction in CVD events.
Chirurgische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Onkologie (CAO-V) der Deutschen Gesellschaftt für Viszeralchirurgie

Für diesen Antikörper liegen derzeit nur Phase III-Daten bei 463 mehrfach vorbehandelten Patienten vor, die gegenüber einer konventionellen Chemotherapie refraktär waren. In der Zulassungsstudie wurde der Einsatz von Panitumumab gegenüber «best supportive care» getestet (mit einem cross-over Design bei Progress im BSC Arm). Das PFS (progression free survival) konnte durch Panitumumab signifikant verlängert (HR 0,54, p<0,0001) und das objektive Ansprechen von 0% auf 10% [van Cutsem et al. 2007] verbessert werden. In einer begleitenden Biomarkerstudie wurde der Mutationsstatus des Onkogens Kirsten-ras (KRAS) als möglicher prädiktiver Marker für ein Ansprechen auf die Panitumumab-Mono therapie identifiziert [Amado et al. 2007]. Das Ras-Protein spielt in der Signalkaskade des EGF-Rezeptors eine entscheidende Rolle. Durch eine Mutation im Codon 12 und 13 des KRAS-Onkogens kann es zur «Daueraktivierung» des sich normalerweise selbst inaktivierenden Ras-Proteins kommen (Abb. 1). Diese Mutation kommt bei etwa 40% der kolorektalen Karzinome vor und tritt im Verlauf der Karzinogenese früh auf. Es gibt präklinische Hinweise, dass bei einer Gen-Mutation und «Daueraktivierung» des Ras-Proteins der antiproliferative Effekt der Anti-EGFR-Antikörper verloren gehen kann. Diese Daten wurden erstmalig an einem größeren Kollektiv untermauert [Amado et al. 2007]: Von der Monotherapie mit Panitumumab profitierten lediglich die Patienten aus der Phase III-Studie, deren Tumoren «WildTyp-Tumoren» waren [Freeman et al. 2007, Siena et al., 2007, Benvenuti et al. 2007], also keine KRAS-Mutationen aufwiesen. In dieser Studie waren 243 getestete Patienten (57%) ohne KRAS-Mutation, 43% wiesen Mutationen im Codon 12 oder 13 auf. Patienten mit «Wild-Typ» KRAS zeigten eine Ansprechrate von 17% (vs. 0% bei Patienten mit KRAS-Mutationen) und ein längeres medianes PFS von 12,3 im Vergleich zu 7,3 Wochen (mutiertes KRAS). Ähnliche retrospektive Analysen mit deutlich kleineren Fallzahlen und unterschiedlichen Patientenkollektiven liegen bereits für Cetuximab vor [z.B. De Roock, Ann Oncol 2007]. Die Europäische Zulassungs Molekularpathologische Analyse des KRAS-Mutationsstatus beim metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinom – ein Beispiel prädiktiver Pathologie
Leadership development and school improvement

The chosen focus of this special issue is timely given the burgeoning international interest and investment in leadership development and school improvement. In many countries leadership and improvement have been closely linked and there is no doubt that this linkage has an international reach. Together, these articles review and extend some of the key tenets surrounding present understandings and prompt further consideration of the advancement of both the theoretical and empirical agenda for leadership development and school improvement in the future. The collection offers insights into a variety of contemporary issues including access, equity and entitlement, the linkage of work‐based and formal leadership learning, the distribution of learning opportunities, the development of inclusive leadership to serve the diverse communities that schools accommodate, the transition to headship and nature of central government policy directives that drive leadership development and school improvement. Perception of what constitutes an effective expression of leadership in schools is judged in relation to stakeholder requirements and expectations. Interventions made by central government stakeholders to direct how school leaders are developed and what they are expected to do will foster the formation of particular identities, thinking and priorities for action. The themes of central control and local solutions emerge in the articles in this collection and highlight that the establishment of leadership development that is seen centrally as fit for purpose does not necessarily embody the thinking and creativity needed to address the local expression of school improvement. Whilst many blind spots remain and space limitations do not allow a full range of issues to be explored, the present collection offers both UK‐based and US‐based studies upon which an international audience may further reflect upon their own practices, opportunities and constraints and in so doing further define their own research priorities.
The π-index: a new indicator for assessing scientific impact

There are several simple and sophisticated scientometric indicators generally applied in the literature (e.g. total number of publications and citations, citations per journal paper, relative citedness indexes, Hirsch index, etc.), which may characterize the publications of scientists both qualitatively and quantitatively. The calculation methods generally use data referring to the total set of papers studied. Scientific progress, however, may be attributed primarily to information in the highly cited publications. Therefore, a new indicator (π-index) is suggested for comparative assessment of scientists active in similar subject fields. The π-index is equal to one hundredth of the number of citations obtained to the top square root of the total number of journal papers (‘elite set of papers’) ranked by the decreasing number of citations. The relation of the π-index to other indexes and its dependence on the field is studied, using data of journal papers of ‘highly cited researchers’.
The Virtual Filesystem Interface in 4.4BSD

This paper describes the virtual filesys- tem interface found in 4.4BSD. This interface is de- signed around an object oriented virtual file node or "vnode" data structure. The vnode structure is de- scribed along with its method for dynamically expand- ing its set of operations. These operations have been divided into two groups: those to manage the hierarchi- cal filesystem name space and those to manage the flat filestore. The translation of pathnames is described, as it requires a tight coupling between the virtual filesys- tem layer and the underþing filesystems through which the path traverses. This paper describes the filesystem services that are exported from the vnode interface to its clients, both local and remote. It also describes the set of services provided by the vnode layer to its client filesystems. The vnode interface has been generalized to allow multiple filesystems to be stacked together. After describing the stacking functionality, several examples of stacking filesystems are shown.
Benign Hyperostotic Mass of the Frontal Bone

Abstract Diagnosis of a slow-growing mass of the cranium can be challenging. We present a rare clinical report of a 19-year-old woman with a unilateral mass of the frontal bone. Pathological diagnosis was hyperostosis, which is extremely rare in this age group. A comprehensive review of literature with recommendations for diagnostic modalities and treatment options is reported. Specifically, hyperostosis frontalis interna can be evaluated with computed tomography imaging of the cranium and treated with resection and reconstruction with split calvarial bone grafts. Annual radiographic imaging is recommended to ensure remission.
[Brachytherapy in choroidal melanoma].

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brachyterapy in the management of intraocular tumors was introduced in the Department of Ophthalmology in Cracow in the late sixties, soon after it was applied by Stallard. For many years, similar to other oncological centers, we used 60Co and in 1994 we started with 106Ru and at the end of 1997 with 125J. The aim of this paper is to present our experiences with 106Ru and 125J brachytheray in posterior uveal melanoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our studies comprised 164 patients with choroidal melanoma, treated in the years 1995-1997 with 106Ru and 19 patients treated between December 1997 nad April 1998 with 125J plaque brachytherapy. There were 93 women and 90 men, aged 18-86. Tumor thickness was beneath 6 mm in 85 cases, 6-9 mm in 63 and above 9 mm in 35. In 121 eyes anterior margin of the tumor was located in equatorial region or posterior to it, 62 the tumor situated anterior to the equator attached to the ciliary body. The usual dosage was 60-100 Gy to the tumor apex; in 33 eyes transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) with diode laser was added. The follow-up ranges from 3 months to 3 years after 106Ru plaque brachytherapy and 1-3 months after 125J. RESULTS Criteria of the treatment efficacy were decrease of tumor thickness at least 10%, increase of its density and vessel obliterations. Among 164 patients treated with 106Ru improvement was achieved in 84 (51.2%) of cases, stabilization in 50 (30.5%) and negative results in 30 (18.3%). Enucleation was performed in 16 (9.7%) cases. Among 19 patients treated with 125J preliminary evaluation indicates positive reaction for treatment in 14 cases. CONCLUSIONS Our studies confirm the opinion that brachytherapy is a method of choice in the management of many cases of posterior uveal melanoma. There are significant relationships between the results of treatment and the size of tumor and its location. The adequate choice of the kind of radioactive isotope in the plaque is very important.
Glucose intolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome--a position statement of the Androgen Excess Society.

OBJECTIVES Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk for developing glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recommendations for the timing and method of screening have varied. The purpose of this statement is to determine the optimal screening method, timing of screening, and treatment modalities for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) among women with PCOS. PARTICIPANTS The expert panel was appointed by the Androgen Excess Society (AES) to review the literature and make recommendations based on the available evidence. Meetings were open, and there was no funding for the panel. EVIDENCE A systematic review was conducted of the published, peer-reviewed medical literature using MEDLINE to identify studies that addressed the prevalence, risk factors, testing, and treatment for IGT in both adults and adolescents with PCOS. Unpublished data were not considered. CONSENSUS PROCESS The panel held meetings to review the literature and draft the statement as a committee. The AES board members reviewed and critiqued the manuscript, and changes were made based on their comments. CONCLUSIONS The panel recommends that all patients with PCOS be screened for IGT with a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. A few members of the AES board recommend alternatively screening women with PCOS for IGT and type 2 DM using an oral glucose tolerance test only in patients with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or greater or in lean patients with additional risk factors. Patients with normal glucose tolerance should be rescreened at least once every 2 yr, or more frequently if additional risk factors are identified. Those with IGT should be screened annually for development of type 2 DM. PCOS patients with IGT should be treated with intensive lifestyle modification and weight loss and considered for treatment with insulin-sensitizing agents.
Some blood markers of the functional state of liver in dairy cows with clinical ketosis.

Metabolic disorders in animals are one of the most important problems in modern cattle production. The paper presents results characterising the functional state of the liver in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. The study was conducted on 17 Holstein cows (9 of them were clinically healthy with negative test for ketone bodies in urine and 8 with positive test) in their second to fourth lactation with milk yield above 8,000 kg per previous lactation. Conducted research has shown that cows affected with ketosis, had hypoglycaemia, dysproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, increased liver enzymes and higher blood content of aromatic and sulfur-containing amino acids. Herewith the activity of cholinesterase and phospholipids were decreased. Albumins-globulins ratio and esterified to total cholesterol ratio was decreased in conditions associated with liver pathology due to clinical ketosis. Sick cows had signs of secondary osteodystrophy. Obtained results allowed us concluding that dairy cows ketosis caused significant changes in structural and functional state of liver, associated with abnormalities in of serum proteins synthesis, disturbed metabolism of amino acids, lipids and calcium.
Pharmacokinetics and Exposure–Efficacy Relationship of Adalimumab in Pediatric Patients with Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease: Results from a Randomized, Multicenter, Phase-3 Study

Background:Adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody (IgG1&kgr;) to tumor necrosis factor, has shown benefit in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and the serum concentration–efficacy relationship of adalimumab in pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease. Methods:The safety, efficacy, and PK of adalimumab was evaluated in a phase-3, randomized, double-blind, 52-week study (IMAgINE-1, N = 192), which had a 4-week open-label induction phase (dose was determined by patient weight) followed by a 48-week double-blind maintenance phase (standard and low-dose arms, drug given every other week). Trough serum adalimumab (baseline, weeks 2, 4, 16, 26, and 52) and anti-adalimumab antibody measurements (baseline, weeks 16, 26, and 52) were collected. Disease activity was assessed using the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index. Results:At week 52, adalimumab trough concentrations (mean ± SD) were higher for patients in the standard-dose (9.48 ± 5.61 &mgr;g/mL) compared with the low-dose (3.51 ± 2.21 &mgr;g/mL) arm. In patients whose doses were increased from every other week to weekly, higher trough concentrations were observed after dose escalation. Higher body weight, baseline C-reactive protein, and lower baseline albumin levels were associated with greater clearance of adalimumab. An exposure (serum concentration)–efficacy relationship was observed, in which higher concentrations of adalimumab were associated with greater rates of remission. Conclusions:This study is the first to describe the PK of adalimumab in pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease. A positive association between serum adalimumab concentration and remission/response was identified.
L'apport des technologies XML et objets pour un générateur d'environnements : SmartTools

SmartTools est un generateur d'environnements de developpement base sur les technologies objets et XML Grâce a une technique de generation automatique a partir de specifications, SmartTools permet de developper tres rapidement des environnements specialises pour des langages de programmation ou pour des langages metiers. En particulier, certaines de ces specifications (DTD, Schema) sont directement issues des technologies du W3C, ce qui donne l'acces a un grand nombre de langages metiers. D'autre part, SmartTools s'appuie sur les technologies objets: implantation en Java, utilisation du patron visiteur, de la programmation par aspects, de la distribution des objets et composants. La combinaison de ces technologies permet de proposer, a moindre cout, une plate-forme de developpement ouverte, interactive, uniforme et evolutive.