Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk for High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Associated with Variants of Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18

Background: Although the variant lineages of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are well established, their individual associations with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) have not been extensively evaluated. Methods: Study subjects were women participating in the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study who were positive for HPV16 or HPV18 at enrollment. These women were followed every 6 months for 2 years. Viral isolates from enrollment samples were characterized by DNA sequencing and classified as variant lineages. Results: Over a 2-year study period, CIN3 was histologically diagnosed in 291 of the 779 HPV16-positive women and 47 of the 275 HPV18-positive women. Among women without CIN2-3 at enrollment, the risk of subsequent CIN3 was 2.7-fold greater for those with HPV16 African-2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.0-7.0] and 3.1-fold greater for those with HPV16 Asian American (95% CI, 1.6-6.0), compared with European variants. Relative to infection with HPV18 African variants, the risk associating subsequent CIN3 was 3.8 (95% CI, 0.9-17.2) for infection with HPV18 European variants and 4.8 (95% CI, 1.0-23.6) for infection with HPV18 Asian American variants. Similar associations were observed when the 2-year prevalence of CIN3 was used as the end point. Further, for those with HPV16 European variants, the 2-year prevalence of CIN3 was higher in White women than in African American women (P = 0.01); this trend was reversed for those with HPV16 African-1 variants (P = 0.22). A similar pattern was present for infections with HPV18 European versus African variants. Conclusions: The lineages of HPV16 and HPV18 variants are associated with differing risks for high-grade CIN. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(1):4–10)
Empowerment e percurso académico: voltar à escola depois dos 23 anos

A recente reforma do Ensino Superior permitiu aos adultos, que não tendo escolaridade obrigatória concluída, ingressar no Ensino Superior ao abrigo do regime de ingresso para maiores de 23 anos. O objectivo deste estudo é avaliar o impacto desta reforma no empowerment individual. A uma amostra que engloba 242 sujeitos de ambos os sexos e de diferentes universidades de carácter público e privado foi aplicado um questionário e vários instrumentos que permitiram avaliar o empowerment. Os resultados serão apresentados e discutidos.
Management et réseaux sociaux : ressource pour l'action ou outil de gestion ?

Les mutations recentes du contexte economique et social ont conduit les sciences de gestion a presenter de nouveaux cadres theoriques qui leur permettent d'apprehender les relations entre les acteurs sociaux. L'originalite de la theorie des reseaux sociaux est de prendre pour objet les relations entre les individus, se demarquant ainsi des approches centrees sur les seuls attributs des acteurs. S'il est admis que le reseau social apparait comme une ressource pour l'action, est-il possible de l'envisager deliberement comme un outil de gestion ? Cet ouvrage analyse la maniere dont les reseaux sociaux sont desormais utilises par les organisations comme un veritable principe organisationnel. Il rend egalement compte de la variete des travaux contemporains et comprend une intervention originale du theoricien.
Motor Memory Is Encoded as a Gain-Field Combination of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Action Representations

Actions can be planned in either an intrinsic (body-based) reference frame or an extrinsic (world-based) frame, and understanding how the internal representations associated with these frames contribute to the learning of motor actions is a key issue in motor control. We studied the internal representation of this learning in human subjects by analyzing generalization patterns across an array of different movement directions and workspaces after training a visuomotor rotation in a single movement direction in one workspace. This provided a dense sampling of the generalization function across intrinsic and extrinsic reference frames, which allowed us to dissociate intrinsic and extrinsic representations and determine the manner in which they contributed to the motor memory for a trained action. A first experiment showed that the generalization pattern reflected a memory that was intermediate between intrinsic and extrinsic representations. A second experiment showed that this intermediate representation could not arise from separate intrinsic and extrinsic learning. Instead, we find that the representation of learning is based on a gain-field combination of local representations in intrinsic and extrinsic coordinates. This gain-field representation generalizes between actions by effectively computing similarity based on the (Mahalanobis) distance across intrinsic and extrinsic coordinates and is in line with neural recordings showing mixed intrinsic-extrinsic representations in motor and parietal cortices.
Central Endocannabinoid Signaling Regulates Hepatic Glucose Production and Systemic Lipolysis

OBJECTIVE The endocannabinoid (EC) system has been implicated as an important regulator of energy homeostasis. In obesity and type 2 diabetes, EC tone is elevated in peripheral tissues including liver, muscle, fat, and also centrally, particularly in the hypothalamus. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) blockade with the centrally and peripherally acting rimonabant induces weight loss and improves glucose homeostasis while also causing psychiatric adverse effects. The relative contributions of peripheral versus central EC signaling on glucose homeostasis remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to test whether the central EC system regulates systemic glucose fluxes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We determined glucose and lipid fluxes in male Sprague-Dawley rats during intracerebroventricular infusions of either WIN55,212-2 (WIN) or arachidonoyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) while controlling circulating insulin and glucose levels through hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp studies. Conversely, we fed rats a high-fat diet for 3 days and then blocked central EC signaling with an intracerebroventricular infusion of rimonabant while assessing glucose fluxes during a clamp. RESULTS Central CB1 activation is sufficient to impair glucose homeostasis. Either WIN or ACEA infusions acutely impaired insulin action in both liver and adipose tissue. Conversely, in a model of overfeeding-induced insulin resistance, CB1 antagonism restored hepatic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Thus central EC tone plays an important role in regulating hepatic and adipose tissue insulin action. These results indicate that peripherally restricted CB1 antagonists, which may lack psychiatric side effects, are also likely to be less effective than brain-permeable CB1 antagonists in ameliorating insulin resistance.
Effortless morality: Cognitive and affective processes in deception and its detection

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A comparison of the distribution of tumors produced by intravenous injection of type 12 adenovirus and adeno-12 tumor cells.

Intravenous inoculation of 106 adeno-12 tumor cells in 19 newborn hamsters resulted in multiple tumors distributed in 100% of the livers, kidneys, lungs, and adrenals. All but one heart contained tumors. Gonads, spleen, and pancreas also supported tumor growth but in less than half the animals. Tumors were even fewer in the intestine, thymus, muscles, bone marrow, and brain; in the latter three areas only a single tumor was found. Tumors were not distributed according to organ weight; their distribution appeared to be influenced by anatomic and physiologic factors. Intravenous inoculation of 108 adenovirus-12 TCD50 in 16 newborn hamsters resulted in tumors in 100% of the livers and 38% of the kidneys. Two tumors were found in the intestines and at the injection site. One tumor each developed in the lungs, pancreas, and skeletal muscle of different hamsters. Radioactive (3H) virus was relatively evenly distributed to all body organs, as determined by radioautography. Nonetheless, certain sites which had been shown to support tumor growth and which received sufficient virus remained free of virus-induced tumor. It was concluded that the liver and kidneys contained particularly susceptible “target” cells and a favorable environment for tumor growth. The heart and lungs, although presenting a presumably favorable environment, either contained insufficient “target” cells or received an insufficient virus dose. Discussion of the distribution of tumors induced with adenovirus-12 in hamsters included a comparison with the polyoma model, a system in which the virus is known to replicate in the host as contrasted to the adenovirus model.
Integrative Public Health-Aligned Physical Education and Implications for the Professional Preparation of Future Teachers and Teacher Educators/Researchers in the Field

ABSTRACT This article has two purposes: (a) to consider existing platforms and future possibilities in the United States for what the authors refer to as Integrative Public Health-Aligned Physical Education (IPHPE), which integrates standards-based K–12 physical education with a public health agenda focusing on promoting increased physical activity and fitness, and (b) to consider the implications of IPHPE for the preparation of future physical education teachers and teacher educators/researchers. First, the historical context that has nurtured the development of ideologies that inform IPHPE is summarized. Second, examples of these ideologies in terms of their current and prospective contributions to IPHPE perspectives are discussed. Third, building from existing public health-aligned recommendations for pre-service physical education teacher education (PETE) programs, IPHPE-based professional preparation requirements for future physical education teachers are considered. Finally, the focus shifts to doctoral PETE (D-PETE) programming and professional preparation requirements for future physical education teacher educators/researchers from an IPHPE perspective. The overall intention of this article is to propose a way forward for physical education which bridges educational priorities of the profession to contemporary and relevant public health needs.
Computer investigation of long-range correlations and local order in random packings of spheres.

Random packings containing 8192 hard spheres have been built with an ee-cient computer algorithm for various packing fractions up to c = 0:643, a value close to the upper limit c b ' 0:649. Long-range correlations and local order have been investigated via the calculation of the two-point correlation function g(r) and the Voronoi tessellation, respectively. The g(r) curve exhibits larger damped oscillations characterized by a correlation length which increases with c and whose extrapolation for c > c b diverges at c 0 = 0:754, which would be the volume fraction of an ideal icosahedral order. Correlatively, when they are extrapolated in the same manner, most of the geometrical characteristics of the Voronoi cells converge to their corresponding values for the perfect dodecahedron circumscribed around a sphere.
Model Order Reduction using Bio-inspired PSO and BFO Soft-Computing for Comparative Study

The authors proposes here a method for model order re uction of linear time invariant(LTI) dynamic sy stem using two bio-inspired computational techniques, namely, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bacterial For aging Optimization (BFO). The numerator and denominator polynomial of the reduced order model of high order linear dynami c system are computed by minimizing the integral square error be twe n the original high order and reduced order sys tem using PSO and BFO. The two approaches find a solution to a given objective function employing different procedures a nd computational techniques; as a result their performance can be ev aluated and compared. The problem area chosen is th at of reduced order system modeling used in control systems engineering . Particle Swarm Optimization and Bacterial Foragin g Optimization algorithm obtains a better lower order approximant tha reflect the characteristics of the original hi gher order system and the performance evaluated using these methods are compa red. Integral square error is used as an indicator for selecting the lower order model. The proposed method guarantees stabili ty of the reduced order model, if the original high order system is stable. The method is illustrated with the help of an examp le using Mat lab 2010 environment.
Enhanced Military Decision Modeling Using a MultiAgent System Approach

The U.S. military uses modeling and simulation as a tool to help meet its warfighting needs. A key element within military simulations is the ability to accurately represent human behavior. This is especially true in a simulation's ability to emulate realistic military decisions. However, current decision models fail to provide the variability and flexibility that human decision makers exhibit. Further, most decision models are focused on tactical decisions and ignore the decision process of senior military commanders at the operational level of warfare. In an effort to develop a better decision model that would mimic the decision process of a senior military commander, this research sought to identify an underlying cognitive process and computational techniques that could adequately implement it. Recognition-Primed Decision Making (RPD) was identified as one such model that characterized this process. Multiagent system simulation was identified as a computational system that could mimic the cognitive process identified by RPD. The result was a model of RPD called RPDAgent. Using an operational military decision scenario to test model validity, decisions produced by RPDAgent were compared against decisions made by military officers. It was found that RPDAgent produced decisions that were equivalent to its human counterparts. RPDAgent's decisions were not optimum decisions, but decisions that reflected the variability inherent in those made by humans in an operational military environment.
Vygotsky and education: The sociocultural genesis of dialogic thinking in classroom contexts for open-forum literature discussions

Problem and Framework. Recent research and theory suggest that the kinds of thinking students develop in literacy activities depend largely on the social cognitive contexts for language use in classroom interactions (e.g., Bloome & Green, 1984; Heath, 1983; Langer, 1987; Miller, 1991). In this sociocultural approach to mind, thinking originates in collaborative dialogues which are internalized as "inner speech," enabling children to do later in "verbal thought" what they could at first only do by talking with supportive adults or more knowledgeable peers (Bakhtin, 1981; Vygotsky, 1962, 1978; Wertsch, 1991). A recent line of inquiry in colleges, for example, has focused on how through instructional dialogues related to literacy students learned to think in academically appropriate (yet diverse) ways (Berkenkotter et al., 1988; Herrington, 1985; McCarthy, 1987). Calls for such naturalistic investigations in secondary schools (Fillion & Brause, 1987; Langer, 1987) focus on whether in the discourse of different subject-areas contexts students learn distinct ways of thinking (Hedley, 1985) or fundamental thinking strategies (Baker & Brown, 1984; Dewey, 1933; Resnick & Klopfer, 1989). For example, some have posited a distinct disciplinary role for the study of literature in the school curriculum (Bruner, 1986; Langer, 1990), yet there is also evidence that students develop general reflective and metacognitive stances and strategies, as well, that can carry over from one format or context to another (Abercrombie, 1960; Birnbaum, 1982; Langer, 1985; Lytle, 1982; Miller, 1990).
Isolation of ‘Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandus’, a novel ureolytic soil archaeal ammonia oxidiser with tolerance to high ammonia concentration

Studies of the distribution of ammonia oxidising archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) suggest distinct ecological niches characterised by ammonia concentration and pH, arising through differences in substrate affinity and ammonia tolerance. AOA form five distinct phylogenetic clades, one of which, the ‘Nitrososphaera sister cluster’, has no cultivated isolate. A representative of this cluster, named ‘Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandus’, was isolated from a pH 7.5 arable soil and we propose a new cluster name: ‘Nitrosocosmicus’. While phylogenetic analysis of amoA genes indicates its association with the Nitrososphaera sister cluster, analysis of 16S rRNA genes provided no support for a relative branching that is consistent with a ‘sister cluster’, indicating placement within a lineage of the order Nitrososphaerales. ‘Ca. N. franklandus’ is capable of ureolytic growth and its tolerances to nitrite and ammonia are higher than in other AOA and similar to those of typical soil AOB. Similarity of other growth characteristics of ‘Ca. N. franklandus’ with those of typical soil AOB isolates reduces support for niche differentiation between soil AOA and AOB and suggests that AOA have a wider physiological diversity than previously suspected. In particular, the high ammonia tolerance of ‘Ca. N. franklandus’ suggests potential contributions to nitrification in fertilised soils.
A new method for Doppler clutter rejection based on irregular sampling and iterative spline reconstruction

The low frequency and high amplitude clutter signal constitutes a great disturbance for the discrimination of low velocity blood flow signals in a Doppler ultrasound measurement system. In this letter, a novel method for clutter rejection is proposed, incorporating irregular sampling and iterative reconstruction by cubic spline. Experimental results indicate this approach outperforms the traditional way of high-pass filtering with its effective elimination of clutter and preservation of low velocity blood component in the overlapped frequency region.
MÉTODOS INDIRECTOS PARA EVALUAR COGNICIONES IMPLÍCITAS HACIA EL ALCOHOL: UNA REVISIÓN CONCEPTUAL INDIRECT METHODS TO ASSESS IMPLICIT COGNITIONS TOWARDS ALCOHOL: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

Resumen Since its emergence in the 70s, the Dual Process Model (DPM) has gained wide popularity in different fields of psychology, including the study of addictions. According to this model, there are two cognitive systems: one explicit, conscious and controllable; and another implicit, automatic and linked to intuition and affection. The DPM has been used to understand mechanisms underlying alcohol related behaviors, and quickly an exponential growth of research using implicit measures to evaluate alcohol related cognitions occurred. While these methods share some basic features, they differ in important aspects such as validity evidence available, administration procedures, etc. Therefore, in this paper we provide a comprehensive overview of the different ways to evaluate implicit alcohol related cognitions. We hope this review will be useful not only for researchers but also for professionals working in the clinical area with alcoholrelated problems.
Here, there, anywhere: remote usability testing that works

Usability testing is regarded as a key element in user-centered design. Several studies from the Standish Group have shown that usability testing increases the chance of developing usable software. Companies are faced with many challenges: their customers demand usable products at reasonable costs and the customer base is distributed and diverse. Unfortunately, usability testing is often perceived as impractical due to the remote and distributed location of users, limited access to representative users, or a work context that is difficult to reproduce in a laboratory setting. Additionally, for some companies, the cost of transporting users or developers to remote locations can be prohibitive. Interest in remote usability testing has grown in response to these concerns. As the user advocate, the Information Technology student needs to be provided not only with hands-on experience in usability testing, but also with its nuances. These include an understanding of the wide range of formats and options available such as remote usability testing. Moreover, a remote format may be a solution for universities that do not have the resources to set up formal laboratories. There is a need to understand how best to facilitate remote testing in a classroom environment. The focus of our study was to identify appropriate tools and define methodologies for efficient and effective remote testing environments. We investigated commercial tools to determine their usefulness and cost-effectiveness for the classroom and then conducted an empirical study to compare traditional and remote usability testing of a web site using one of these tools. This paper will report on advantages and disadvantages of various remote testing tools, modifications to procedures and protocols of traditional testing, and the project findings, including usability problem identification, which establish the effectiveness of remote usability testing. Recommendations will be made for providing a credible environment for remote testing.
DEMANDA POR CONVENIÊNCIA NO SETOR DE ALIMENTAÇÃO: APONTAMENTOS SOBRE DETERMINANTES DO CONSUMO

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo exploratorio que mediu a frequencia de compra e a atitude de 476 consumidores do centro-oeste brasileiro em relacao a um produto alimentar inovador, o pao de queijo com cenoura congelado. Para o tratamento dos dados, foi realizada a analise estatistica descritiva, seguida da analise Multinomial Logit com o auxilio do software Stata. Os resultados dessas analises permitiram identificar que para mais da metade dos consumidores, agrupados em niveis de frequencia de compra, o que pao de queijo congelado e um sinonimo de comida pratica/rapida. As variaveis socioeconomicas – genero, escolaridade, renda e situacao conjugal sao estatisticamente significativas, sendo determinantes da variacao da frequencia de compra do produto.
HERO: A novel malware detection framework based on binary translation

Malware has become one of the most serious threats to computer information system. In this paper, we describe HERO (Hybrid security extension of binary translation), a novel framework that exploits static and dynamic binary translation features to detect broad spectrum malware and prevent its execution. By operating directly on binary code without any assumption on the availability of source code, HERO is appropriate for translating low-level binary code to high-level proper representation, obtaining CFG (Control Flow Graph) and other high-level Control Structure by static binary translation-based analyzer. Then Critical API Graph based on CFG is generated to do sub-graph matching with the defined Malware Behavior Template. If static analysis cannot finish generating CFG because of code obfuscation used in malware, the dynamic binary translation based analyzer in HERO is called to undertake the process to take on the remaining code analysis. Compared with other detection approaches, HERO is found to be very efficient in terms of detection capability and false alarm rate.