Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONSIDERING FINDINGS IN ACADEMIC PAPER

The objective of the paper is to analyze the ways in which findings are presented in humanitarian and exact sciences in peer-reviewed international academic papers. The object under analysis is the “Results” Section as one of the main components of academic paper. The subject of the presented study is structural peculiarities of an academic paper on the example of fifteen papers from peer-reviewed academic journals in the fields of biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology and literature, literary criticism, cultural studies, etc. The methods of the study are a descriptive and a comparative ones; the method of contextual analysis is also used. In the findings of the study different approaches in posing findings in an academic paper have been considered. The results of the study are: 1) Introducing the “Results” Section by the scholars of humanitarian and exact sciences is different: the results in humanitarian academic papers are more generalized than those in exact sciences; 2) The structure of humanitarian academic papers differs from the structure of exact sciences papers: it does not consist of all the components which make up academic paper (it can be without conveying the “Results” and the “Discussion” Sections); 3) The exact sciences academic papers include the structure of all the components of academic paper: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusion; 4) There are exact sciences academic papers which do not present the findings of the study in the “Results”, “Discussion”, “Conclusion” Sections as separate ones. The “Results” and the “Discussion” Sections can be combined in one section. Practical value of the given paper is as follows: the offered study can be used by PhD students and scholars working on academic papers to be published in peer-reviewed international journals.
Shape Guided Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) Tracking

Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs) are one of the most prominent interest region detectors in computer vision due to their powerful properties and low computational demands. In general MSERs are detected in single images, but given image sequences as input, the repeatability of MSER detection can be improved by exploiting correspondences between subsequent frames by feature based analysis. Such an approach fails during fast movements, in heavily cluttered scenes and in images containing several similar sized regions because of the simple feature based analysis. In this paper we propose an extension of MSER tracking by considering shape similarity as strong cue for defining the frame-to-frame correspondences. Efficient calculation of shape similarity scores ensures that real-time capability is maintained. Experimental evaluation demonstrates improved repeatability and an application for tracking weakly textured, planar objects.
residUUm: user mapping and performance strategies for multilayered live audiovisual generation

We propose residUUm, an audiovisual performance tool that uses sonification to orchestrate a particle system of shapes, as an attempt to build an audiovisual user interface in which all the actions of a performer on a laptop are intended to be explicitly interpreted by the audience. We propose two approaches to performing with residUUm and discuss the methods utilized to fulfill the promise of audiencevisible interaction: mapping and performance strategies applied to express audiovisual interactions with multilayered sound-image relationships. The system received positive feedback from 34 audience participants on aspects such as aesthetics and audiovisual integration, and we identified further design challenges around performance clarity and strategy. We discuss residUUm’s development objectives, modes of interaction and the impact of an audience-visible interface on the performer and observer.
Shells, jets, and internal working surfaces in the molecular outflow from IRAS 04166+2706

Context. IRAS 04166+2706 in Taurus is one of the closest young stellar objects whose molecular outflow contains a highly collimated, rapidly moving component. Aims. The high symmetry and pristine appearance of this outflow suggests that its study could offer unique clues about the nature of its still mysterious underlying driving wind. Methods. We observed the IRAS 04166+2706 outflow with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer in CO(J = 2–1) and SiO(J = 2–1), achieving angular resolutions of between 2 �� and 4 �� . To improve the quality of the CO(2–1) images, we added singledish data to the interferometer visibilities. Results. The outflow consists of two distinct components. At velocities of 30 km s −1 , the gas forms two opposed jets that travel along the center of the cavities and whose emission is dominated by a symmetric collection of at least 7 pairs of peaks. The velocity field of this component presents a sawtooth pattern with the gas in the tail of each peak moving more rapidly than the gas at its head. This pattern and a systematic widening of the peaks with distance from the central source are consistent with the emission arising from internal working surfaces traveling along the jet due to variations in the velocity field of ejection. We interpret this component to be the true protostellar wind, and find its composition to be consistent with a chemical model of this wind. Conclusions. Our results favor outflow wind models that have simultaneously wide-angle and narrow components, and suggest that the EHV peaks observed in a number of outflows consist of internally-shocked wind material.
The role of oxidants and reactive nitrogen species in irritable bowel syndrome: A potential etiological explanation

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and the plasma activities of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in patients with IBS. Material/Methods A total of 36 patients with IBS were included in the study. Thirty-five healthy subjects were selected to form the control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (AD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were studied in the serum samples of all patients and controls. Results Plasma XO and AD activities, and MDA and NO concentrations were significantly higher in IBS patients than in controls. The SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in the serum of patients with IBS were significantly lower than that of controls. Conclusions These results suggest that lipid peroxidation and alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant enzymatic system may play a role in the pathogenesis of IBS. Increased lipid peroxidation in IBS may be related to an increase in NO level and XO activity and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities. In addition, increased AD activity may have a role in immunological changes of IBS patients.
Improved face-to-face communication using noise reduction and speech intelligibility enhancement

Significant improvements in intelligibility of speech in noise can be obtained by modifying the speech signal in the time and/or frequency domains. However, most speech intelligibility enhancement algorithms are designed to use clean speech as an input, and their performance suffers once the input speech signal-to-noise ratio decreases, a common case in face-to-face communication environments such as restaurants or cafés. In this work we investigate whether a particularly successful speech intelligibility enhancement system-spectral shaping and dynamic range compression-and various front-end noise reduction methods might be suitable in such environments. Our evaluations suggest that such a complete system would provide an increase in speech intelligibility equivalent to a gain of 10 dB input signal-to-noise ratio in the more challenging face-to-face communication environments.
A 1-DOF Assistive Exoskeleton with Inertia Compensation : Effects on the Agility of Leg Swing Motion

Many of the current implementations of exoskeletons for the lower extremities are conceived to either augment the user’s load-carrying capabilities or reduce muscle activation during walking. Comparatively little research has been conducted on enabling an exoskeleton to increase the agility of lower-limb movements. One obstacle in this regard is the inertia of the exoskeleton’s mechanism, which tends to reduce the natural frequency of the human limbs. A control method is presented that produces an approximate compensation of the inertia of an exoskeleton’s mechanism. The controller was tested on a statically mounted, singleDOF exoskeleton that assists knee flexion and extension. Test subjects performed multiple series of leg-swing movements in the context of a computer-based, sprint-like task. A large initial acceleration of the leg was needed for the subjects to track a virtual target on a computer screen. The uncompensated inertia of the exoskeleton mechanism slowed down the transient response of the subjects’ limb, in comparison with trials performed without the exoskeleton. The subsequent use of emulated inertia compensation on the exoskeleton allowed the subjects to improve their transient response for the same task.
Complete Genome Analysis of a Haemophilus parasuis Serovar 12 Strain from China

Haemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease in pigs and 15 standard serovars were identified. The widespread disease causes great economic loss in the swine industry worldwide. Aiming to investigate the differences in genome composition and functions among various strains, a highly virulent strain ZJ0906 of H. parasuis serovar 12 from China was analyzed and compared with serovar 5 SH0165. Strain ZJ0906 genome is 2,324,740 base pairs with 40.06% genomic GC content. It contains 2,484 open reading frames (ORF) predicted by Glimmer 3.02, of which 2,352 (∼94.7%) were annotated by NCBI nr blast, 1,745 by COG database and 1,829 by KEGG database. 109 potential virulence factors were annotated in strain ZJ0906 and 3 of which are potentially related to antibiotic resistance. Strain ZJ0906 genome is ∼55 kilobases longer than SH0165 genome, with an extra 211 predicted ORFs. VFDB, ARDB, and PAIDB blast searches showed that ZJ0906 and SH0165 shared a nearly identical panel of potential virulence factors, drug resistant genes and four PAI-like regions which showed high homology to Enterococcus, Escherichia and Salmonella. Synteny analysis showed that gene rearrangements are frequent between the two strains, which may lead to variations in pathogenicity and cross-protection among serovars. KEGG pathway analyses showed strain ZJ0906 shared similar metabolic pathways to strain SH0165. Molecular identification of these genomic elements and potential virulence factors pave the way to the better understanding of mechanisms underlying metabolic capabilities and pathogenicity of H. parasuis and prospective vaccine targets besides the widely used method of inactivated bacteria.
Women and gender relations in Tajikistan

At Independence in 1991, Tajikistan was the poorest of all the Soviet Republics, with a GDP per capita of just over $2,000. Despite this, the country had relatively high human development indicators, reflecting the legacy of social development achieved during the Soviet period. Life expectancy at birth averaged 70 years and adult literacy was almost universal. Since Independence, Tajikistan has experienced a major reversal in both economic and social development. The economic upheaval accompanying transition from a planned to a market-led economy, and the disruption of traditional trading partnerships and the withdrawal subsidies from Moscow following the break-up of the former Soviet Union, has resulted in a dramatic drop in GDP and government expenditure. In addition, the country experienced a civil war in 1992-1993, followed by a long period of civil unrest. Under the Soviet system, women enjoyed equal civic rights to men. The levels of labor force participation of Tajik women was high and political representation was higher than in most western European countries. However, they have been adversely affected by the lack of personal security following the war, and the economic impoverishment and declining participation accompanying both war and economic transition. The transition has severely affected industries that employ a high proportion of women (textiles, manufacturing, agriculture), causing them to be among the first to lose their jobs. Other sectors where women predominate, such as health and education, are those where wages have been least likely to have been paid. The collapse of the state social safety net has exacerbated the number of women and families living in poverty, while the loss of quotas guaranteeing equal representation in political and governmental bodies has increasingly kept them out of decision-making positions. Furthermore, women and girls are increasingly facing discrimination in access to education and health care services. There is a growing awareness of the gendered nature of transition within Tajikistan. However, urgent action needs to be taken to prevent losing all the advances gained by women under the Soviet system, and to ensure that both women and men have access to the opportunities afforded within the emerging economic and social systems
An Iris Verification Using Edge Detection

This paper proposes a new and fast method for iris verification. The proposed algorithm is an intensity-based approach using edge information of an iris as its signature. The edge information is detected by four different directional line detectors. Significant edges are then selected using an adaptive thresholding technique, called quotient thresholding. The merit of this thresholding is its capability in compensating changes of illumination inheriting in iris images in a database. The compensation is achieved by maintaining a ratio value between foreground and background of each image in the database. This simple technique yield informative edge features. A spatial point-to-point matching is used to measure similarity between two iris features. Our experiments illustrate promising results
Modification of the Generalized Born Model Suitable for Macromolecules

The analytic generalized Born approximation is an efficient electrostatic model that describes molecules in solution. Here it is modified to permit a more accurate description of large macromolecules, while its established performance on small compounds is nearly unaffected. The modified model is also adapted to describe molecules with an interior dielectric constant not equal to unity. The model is tested by computations of pK shifts for a number of titratable residues in lysozyme, myoglobin, and bacteriorhodopsin. In general, except for some deeply buried residues of bacteriorhodopsin, the results show reasonable agreement with both experimental data and calculations based on numerical solution of the Poisson−Boltzmann equation. A very close agreement between the two models is obtained in an application to the prediction of the pK shifts associated with conformational change. The calculations based on this version of the generalized Born approximation are much faster than finite difference solutions of .
Two-Step Automatic Zooming – Further Tuning of Speed Dependent Automatic Zooming in order to Address Overshooting and Course-Correction Problems

The two major problems that users face during usability studies of Speed-Dependent-Automatic-Zooming (SDAZ) are an ease to overshoot the target once approaching it, and the difficulty in course correcting to approach a target or to correct an overshoot. I hypothesize that the root causes of these two problems are i) Zoom-level still continuously changes as the user does fine course correcting near the target, ii) The user does not have any break during navigation, and iii) SDAZ requires considerable dexterity to be used effectively. I propose an SDAZ-inspired navigation technique and implement a document browsing application to demonstrate the technique. The new technique, Two-Step-Automatic-Zooming (TSAZ) also handles zoom-out and zoom-in automatically, but separates the two actions with a “rest period”, which users need to explicitly dismiss manually. Also unlike SDAZ, TSAZ does not allow continuous changing of zoom-level during panning, but only samples a brief moment, the “intention”, when the zooming out initially takes place. My contributions are to make hypotheses explaining the two major usability problems with SDAZ, and implement a solution to improve upon SDAZ. I also planned to carry out an informal usability study with the TSAZ document browsing application, but was unable to due to time constrains.
Classifying Unstructured Text Using Structured Training Instances and an Ensemble of Classifiers

Typical supervised classification techniques require training instances similar to the values that need to be classified. This research proposes a methodology that can utilize training instances found in a different format. The benefit of this approach is that it allows the use of traditional classification techniques, without the need to hand-tag training instances if the information exists in other data sources. The proposed approach is presented through a practical classification application. The evaluation results show that the approach is viable, and that the segmentation of classifiers can greatly improve accuracy.
Analysis of Feature Selection Techniques for Network Traffic Dataset

Time taken by Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in order to detect malwares is very crucial factor. Network traffic dataset have many features and all may not contribute in detection of threats. Rejecting irrelevant features may increase performance of IDS by reducing computational time. In this paper, feature selection techniques based on Gain ratio attribute, Correlation feature selection, Chi Squared attribute, Consistency subset, Filtered attribute, Filtered subset, Information gain attribute, One RA attribute and Symmetrical Uncert attribute evaluation are tested on three classifiers (Naïve Bayes, J48 and PART) by using Weka data mining and machine learning tool on UCI KDD CUP 1999 network traffic dataset. The feature selection methods are analyzed on parameters like accuracy, number of features selected out of total features, time taken, TP rate and FP rate. The result shows that almost same level of accuracy can be achieved by reducing number of features considerably which also takes less computational time to detect threats. Filtered subset evaluation comes out to be best technique which suggests only 17.07 % of total features. Hence it is proposed that reduced number of features should be used in IDS for the quick detection of threats.
Oculina Banks habitat, fish populations, restoration, and enforcement

The shelf-edge Oculina coral reef ecosystem, known only from off the central east coast of Florida, is unique among coral reefs and exists nowhere else on earth. The azooxanthellate (i.e., lack symbiotic algae) branching coral typically produces 1 – 2 meter diameter coral heads which often coalesce into thicket-like habitats with exceedingly high biodiversity, similar to that of tropical coral reefs. Historical accounts indicate very high densities of economically important reef fish as well as grouper spawning aggregations associated with the coral habitat. The uniqueness, productivity, and vulnerability of the Oculina habitat moved the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council (SAFMC) in 1984 to declare a significant portion (92 nmi) of the habitat an HAPC. This legislative action purportedly protected the coral from trawling, dredging, and most other mechanically disruptive activities. Evidence of demographic impacts of fishing on grouper spawning aggregations further stimulated the SAFMC in 1994 to close the original HAPC for a period of 10 years to bottom fishing as a test of the effectiveness of a fishery reserve in protecting the reproductive capacity of groupers. Further expansion of the original HAPC to cover 300 nmi was instated in 2000. A 1995 submersible survey suggested that much of the habitat, the economically important fish populations, and the grouper spawning aggregations described in the 1970s were decimated by 1995. A broad-scale submersible and ROV survey conducted in September 2001 found that most (90%) of the Oculina habitat within the EORR is reduced to an unconsolidated rubble and the damage north of the EORR may be greater. To our knowledge, only about 8 hectares (20 acres) of fully intact Oculina thicket habitat remain in the OHAPC and probably in the world. Restoration experiments were run from 1996 to 1999 to evaluate the transplantation potential of Oculina. High rates of transplant survival induced NMFS to support a significant restoration effort in 2000 and 2001. Results of the restoration efforts of 2000 indicate that restoration structures designed to simulate Oculina habitat are attracting groupers, snappers, and amberjack, and may be sites of grouper spawning aggregations. Oculina habitat and fish populations within the EORR were described quantitatively (expressed in terms of density, nos./hectare) using a system of two cameras with attached lasers. Although fish populations observed in 2001 were not directly comparable to those observed in 1995, there was a noted increase in grouper numbers and size and especially an increase in the abundance of males of gag and scamp, suggesting the reoccurrence of spawning aggregations of both species. Juvenile speckled hind were observed in Oculina thickets, suggesting a nursery function for this species. Evidence is very strong that shrimpers are still illegally trawling within the OHAPC, and suggestions are made to eliminate such threats to this vulnerable, but productive habitat. We have initiated work on a habitat map of the OHAPC and produced a protocol to continue habitat mapping.
Going to university: Pacific Island migrant perspectives: Underlying factors constraining access to higher education for young people from low socio-economic backgrounds in Australia: Pacific Island migrant perspectives

espite extensive and on-going efforts, people from a low socio- economic background continue to be significantly under-represented in Australian higher education. In response to this situation, a two year action research project explored the broad issue of higher education access for young people from low socio-economic backgrounds in South East Queensland, Australia. This paper focuses on one specific aspect of that project, and reports on the underlying factors which constrain access to higher education access for one cultural community in Australia. Analysis is based on interview data from young people and parents from this community, and presents a rich description of their lived experiences. Enhanced understanding of the perspectives of young people and their families relating to higher education access provides a solid foundation for developing informed and culturally appropriate higher education access initiatives.