Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zur Entwicklung des Berufsfelds Sport in der Schweiz – Eine Analyse auf der Grundlage der Lebensverlaufsforschung

Obwohl im Berufsfeld Sport die Ausdifferenzierung einer grosen Vielfalt an Tatigkeitsbereichen zu beobachten ist, werden die Chancen auf stabile und angemessen bezahlte Beschaftigungsverhaltnisse von Absolventen sportwissenschaftlicher Studiengange vielfach als skeptisch beurteilt. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit hierfur branchenspezifische Sattigungserscheinungen sowie Effekte substituierbarer Qualifikationsanforderungen eine Rolle spielen. Um Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden, werden dem Ansatz der Lebensverlaufsforschung folgend, zeithistorische Veranderungen im Berufsfeld Sport auf der Grundlage (aggregierter) individueller Berufsverlaufe analysiert. Als Datengrundlage dient ein Sample von n = 1.105 Absolventen aller Schweizer Hochschulen, das die beruflichen Verlaufe von Absolventen sportwissenschaftlicher Studiengange in Form eines retrospektiven Langsschnitts fur drei Kohorten erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Arbeitsmarkt Sport fur Absolventen sportwissenschaftlicher Studiengange in der Schweiz als stabil eingeschatzt werden kann. Gleichwohl zeigt die Analyse, dass in auserschulischen Berufsfeldern fachspezifische Qualifikationsstrukturen als Einstellungsvoraussetzung, die die Stabilisierung von Berufspositionen der Absolventen sportwissenschaftlicher Studiengange langfristig absichern konnten, mitunter fehlen.
Tracing the Evolution of Research on International Accounting Harmonization

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser les etudes representatives sur l’harmonisation comptable internationale, puisees dans des revues academiques anglo-saxonnes majeures, afin de proposer une classification pour la periode allant des annees 60 a nos jours. L’exhaustivite dans l’analyse des etudes sur ce sujet, ainsi que l’adoption d’une demarche historique pour proposer une classification des axes de recherches rencontres sont les deux contributions majeures de cet article.
Semantic language models for Automatic Speech Recognition

We are interested in the problem of semantics-aware training of language models (LMs) for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Traditional language modeling research have ignored semantic constraints and focused on limited size histories of words. Semantic structures may provide information to capture lexically realized long-range dependencies as well as the linguistic scene of a speech utterance. In this paper, we present a novel semantic LM(SELM) that is based on the theory of frame semantics. Frame semantics analyzes meaning of words by considering their role in the semantic frames they occur and by considering their syntactic properties. We show that by integrating semantic frames and target words into recurrent neural network LMs we can gain significant improvements in perplexity and word error rates. We have evaluated the semantic LM on the publicly available ASR baselines on the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpus. SELMs achieve 50% and 64% relative reduction in perplexity compared to n-gram models by using frames and target words respectively. In addition, 12% and 7% relative improvements in word error rates are achieved by SELMs on the Nov'92 and Nov'93 test sets with respect to the baseline tri-gram LM.
Resistance mechanisms of cabbage cultivar "Shinsei" against infestation of the diamondback moth - effect of leaf angle and hardness of outer leaf.

Various studies have been conducted on the mechanisms of host plant resistance (HPR) of cabbage against the diamondback moth (DBM). Understanding the role of wax-bloom has been a major focus of these studies. Our study distinguishes itself from previous research by focusing specifically on outer leaf angle and leaf hardness. The resistance mechanism of cabbage cultivar “Shinsei” against DBM was examined. Generally outer leaves of “Shinsei” cabbage have an erect position when compared with a common cultivar, “Kinkei 201. ” Lethal effects of rainfall on II instar larvae on the outer leaves of “Shinsei” and “Kinkei 201” were investigated with an artificial rainfall system. The results showed that mortality of II instar larvae on the outer leaves of “Shinsei” was higher than that on outer leaves of “Kinkei 201. ” Compared with II instar larvae on prone outer leaves, II instar larvae on erect outer leaves were killed more frequently by artificial rainfall. Tests showed that experimental results between erect and prone leaves were similar in both cultivars. First instar larvae took longer to mine into the outer leaves of “Shinsei” than into those of “Kinkei 201” and the probability of success in mining into the leaf was lower on “Shinsei” than on “Kinkei 201. ” Artificial diets mixed with methanol extracts from outer leaves of each cultivar were fed to I instar larvae. However, there were no significant differences between mining rates on both artificial diets. On the other hand, outer leaves of “Shinsei” were harder than outer leaves of “Kinkei 201. ” These results showed that the difference of leaf hardness was the cause of the difference in mining time and success rate. We concluded that the major HPR mechanisms of “Shinsei” were outer leaf angle and hardness.
Tolerance and Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms to Antimicrobial Agents—How P. aeruginosa Can Escape Antibiotics

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the six bacterial pathogens, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. , which are commonly associated with antimicrobial resistance, and denoted by their acronym ESKAPE. P. aeruginosa is also recognized as an important cause of chronic infections due to its ability to form biofilms, where the bacteria are present in aggregates encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix and are difficult or impossible to eradicate with antibiotic treatment. P. aeruginosa causes chronic infections in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive lung disease, as well as chronic urinary tract infections in patients with permanent bladder catheter, and ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients, and is also an important pathogen in chronic wounds. Antibiotic treatment cannot eradicate these biofilm infections due to their intrinsic antibiotic tolerance and the development of mutational antibiotic resistance. The tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics is multifactorial involving physical, physiological, and genetic determinants, whereas the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms is caused by mutations and driven by the repeated exposure of the bacteria to high levels of antibiotics. In this review, both the antimicrobial tolerance and the development of resistance to antibiotics in P. aeruginosa biofilms are discussed. Possible therapeutic approaches based on the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the tolerance and resistances of biofilms to antibiotics are also addressed.
Upper bounds for the index of cyclicity of a matrix ∗

We derive upper bounds for the index of cyclicity of a matrix as a function of the size of the matrix. This result can be used in the characterization of the ultimate behavior of the sequence of consecutive powers of a matrix in the max-plus algebra, which has maximum and addition as its basic operations. If the matrix is irreducible then it is well known that the ultimate behavior is cyclic. For reducible matrices the behavior is more complex, but it is also cyclic in nature. The length of the cycles corresponds to the index of cyclicity of the given matrix.
How Well Do Undergraduate Research Programs Promote Engagement and Success of Students?

Assessment of undergraduate research (UR) programs using participant surveys has produced a wealth of information about design, implementation, and perceived benefits of UR programs. However, measurement of student participation university wide, and the potential contribution of research experience to student success, also require the study of extrinsic measures. In this essay, institutional data on student credit-hour generation and grade point average (GPA) from the University of Georgia are used to approach these questions. Institutional data provide a measure of annual enrollment in UR classes in diverse disciplines. This operational definition allows accurate and retrospective analysis, but does not measure all modes of engagement in UR. Cumulative GPA is proposed as a quantitative extrinsic measure of student success. Initial results show that extended participation in research for more than a single semester is correlated with an increase in GPA, even after using SAT to control for the initial ability level of the students. While the authors acknowledge that correlation does not prove causality, continued efforts to measure the impact of UR programs on student outcomes using GPA or an alternate extrinsic measure is needed for development of evidence-based programmatic recommendations.
Relevance of Viroporin Ion Channel Activity on Viral Replication and Pathogenesis

Modification of host-cell ionic content is a significant issue for viruses, as several viral proteins displaying ion channel activity, named viroporins, have been identified. Viroporins interact with different cellular membranes and self-assemble forming ion conductive pores. In general, these channels display mild ion selectivity, and, eventually, membrane lipids play key structural and functional roles in the pore. Viroporins stimulate virus production through different mechanisms, and ion channel conductivity has been proved particularly relevant in several cases. Key stages of the viral cycle such as virus uncoating, transport and maturation are ion-influenced processes in many viral species. Besides boosting virus propagation, viroporins have also been associated with pathogenesis. Linking pathogenesis either to the ion conductivity or to other functions of viroporins has been elusive for a long time. This article summarizes novel pathways leading to disease stimulated by viroporin ion conduction, such as inflammasome driven immunopathology.
WIP1 Contributes to the Adaptation of Fanconi Anemia Cells to DNA Damage as Determined by the Regulatory Network of the Fanconi Anemia and Checkpoint Recovery Pathways

DNA damage adaptation (DDA) allows the division of cells with unrepaired DNA damage. DNA repair deficient cells might take advantage of DDA to survive. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway repairs DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), and deficiencies in this pathway cause a fraction of breast and ovarian cancers as well as FA, a chromosome instability syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. FA cells are hypersensitive to ICLs; however, DDA might promote their survival. We present the FA-CHKREC Boolean Network Model, which explores how FA cells might use DDA. The model integrates the FA pathway with the G2 checkpoint and the checkpoint recovery (CHKREC) processes. The G2 checkpoint mediates cell-cycle arrest (CCA) and the CHKREC activates cell-cycle progression (CCP) after resolution of DNA damage. Analysis of the FA-CHKREC network indicates that CHKREC drives DDA in FA cells, ignoring the presence of unrepaired DNA damage and allowing their division. Experimental inhibition of WIP1, a CHKREC component, in FA lymphoblast and cancer cell lines prevented division of FA cells, in agreement with the prediction of the model.
Special Issue on Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks in Their Paper, ''a Design and Implementation of En- Hanced Ieee 802.15.4 for Supporting Multimedia Service in Wireless Sensor

With the availability of low-cost, small-scale imaging sensors, CMOS cameras, and microphones – all of which may ubiquitously capture multimedia content from the field – Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) have been proposed and have received the immediate attention of the research community. WMSN applications, e.g., multimedia surveillance networks, target tracking, environmental monitoring, and traffic management systems , require effective harvesting and communication of event features in the form of multimedia such as audio, image, and video. To this end, additional challenges for energy-efficient multimedia processing and communication in WMSN, i.e., heterogeneous multimedia reliability definitions, tight QoS expectations, and high bandwidth demands, must be addressed as well. For this very exciting and interdisciplinary topic, we have received 32 responses to our call-for-papers. As a result of a thorough review process by experts in the respective areas, this special issue consists of 6 selected papers describing the state-of-the-art, reliable and efficient multimedia processing and delivery solutions which are imperative for the realization of WMSN. The first paper by N. Saxena, A. Roy, and J. Shin presents an adaptive contention, window-based quality of service (QoS) medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed MAC protocol adopts the carrier-sense multiple access – collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) technique and adaptively adjusts the contention window depending on application-specific QoS-requirements for multimedia delivery over sensor networks as well as on the traffic and wireless channel characteristics. It also dynamically adapts its duty cycle based on the major application traffic pattern. Experimental results confirm the technique's operation and show that the technique preserves energy resources without compromising multimedia QoS requirements. The second paper is authored by C. Na, Y. Yang, and A. Mishra and introduces an optimal guaranteed-time-slot (GTS) scheduling algorithm for time-sensitive multimedia delivery over sensor networks employing the low rate wireless personal area networks (LR-PAN) standard developed by the IEEE, i.e., IEEE 802.15. 4. It presents a mathematical formulation to check the schedulability of a set of time-sensitive transactions with delay constraints in IEEE 802.15. 4 networks operating in beacon mode. Based on this mathematical analysis, a novel GTS scheduling algorithm (GSA) – which is both work-conserving and optimal – is presented. Simulations reveal that GSA provides very high performance under bursty, periodic and aperiodic transmissions of transactions for multimedia delivery over low data-rate sensor networks. The next paper, titled ''Self-Orienting Wireless Multi-media Sensor Networks for Occlusion-Free Viewpoints " by N. Tezcan and W. …
Curcumin uptake and metabolism

Curcumin (CUR) is the major orange pigment of turmeric and believed to exert beneficial health effects in the gastrointestinal tract and numerous other organs after oral intake. However, an increasing number of animal and clinical studies show that the concentrations of CUR in blood plasma, urine, and peripheral tissues, if at all detectable, are extremely low even after large doses. The evidence and possible reasons for the very poor systemic bioavailablity of CUR after oral administration are discussed in this brief review. Major factors are the chemical instability of CUR at neutral and slightly alkaline pH, its susceptibility to autoxidation, its avid reductive and conjugative metabolism, and its poor permeation from the intestinal lumen to the portal blood. In view of the very low intestinal bioavailablity, it is difficult to attribute the putative effects observed in peripheral organs to CUR. Therefore, metabolites and/or degradation products of CUR should be taken into consideration as mediators of the pharmacological activity. © 2012 BioFactors, 39(1):14–20, 2013.
Endomyocardial biopsy and ultrastructural changes in dilated cardiomyopathy: taking a 'deeper' look into patients' prognosis.

This editorial refers to ‘Ultrastructural features of cardiomyocytes in dilated cardiomyopathy with initially decompensated heart failure as a predictor of prognosis’[†][1], by T. Saito et al . , on page 724. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains one of the common causes of heart failure, characterized by progressive dilation of the left ventricle and impairment of its function in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. Several causes have been identified that lead to DCM, such as infectious agents, toxins, genetic alterations of myocyte proteins, inflammatory disorders, and peripartum cardiomyopathy. Despite modern therapeutics, DCM is associated with increased morbidity, and mortality remains as high as 20%. 1 Risk stratification and identification of the patients at increased risk for progression of heart failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains challenging. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≤35% and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class remain the major prognostic parameters, especially for selection of patients to receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). 2 However, EF is not perfect, since many patients with an EF >35% die from SCD and many patients with severely depressed EF never experience arrhythmic death and thus never receive appropriate ICD therapy.3,4 NYHA … [1]: #fn-2
A Framework to Achieve Guaranteed QoS for Applications and High System Performance in Multi-Institutional Grid Computing

Providing QoS guarantees to the applications in a multi-institutional grid is a challenging task. Although advance reservations (ARs) can provide QoS guarantees for the applications, they often seriously degrade system performance for resource owners. In this paper, we present a framework for AR based resource sharing that not only provides QoS guarantees for the applications but also ensures high utilization of the resources. This paper focuses on the application-to-resource mapping component of the framework as our results show that traditional mapping algorithms used with best effort jobs do not perform well for ARs. The paper proposes a set of algorithms for mapping ARs and investigates their performance in detail. The paper then presents a novel algorithm that outperforms a number of other algorithms in almost every respect for a wide range of workload parameters. Rigorous experimentation proves the efficacy of our algorithm and brings important insights into the dynamics of the system
On Subjective Well-being and Quality of Life

We integrate the multi-disciplinary fields of quality of life (QoL) and well-being (WB) and appraise the impacts of health factors. Theoretical and methodological limitations are discussed and new conceptual and technical advances identified, These are informed by cross-cultural and community perspectives. Following a definitional review, social inequalities, and links with happiness are examined. Demographic, experiential and personal factors are outlined. Implications for poverty research are addressed. As the concept of SWB recently converged with the longstanding international QoL definition (WHOQOL Group, 1995), we discuss the separate need for SWB. Future collaborative conceptual and pragmatic research is recommended.
Detecting Word Ordering Errors in Chinese Sentences for Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language

Automatic detection of sentence errors is an important NLP task and is valuable to assist foreign language learners. In this paper, we investigate the problem of word ordering errors in Chinese sentences and propose classifiers to detect this type of errors. Word n-gram features in Google Chinese Web 5-gram corpus and ClueWeb09 corpus, and POS features in the Chinese POStagged ClueWeb09 corpus are adopted in the classifiers. The experimental results show that integrating syntactic features, web corpus features and perturbation features are useful for word ordering error detection, and the proposed classifier achieves 71.64% accuracy in the experimental datasets.
Empowering and Motivating Undergraduate Students Through the Process of Developing Publishable Research

Mentoring undergraduates in research is a truly rewarding endeavor. There are immense benefits for both students and faculty mentors who engage in high-quality undergraduate research mentorship (Bowman and Stage, 2002; Osborn and Karukstis, 2009). For students, the experience allows them to expand their skills and knowledge, increase self-efficacy and self-confidence, increase learning gains, and connect classroom learning to real-world settings (Palmer et al., 2015). Becoming part of a research lab can inspire future graduate studies or job paths in a certain field, and provide a competitive edge over peers (Shellito et al., 2001; Davis and Jones, 2017). For faculty, mentorship can promote the transfer of academic “DNA” and generate meaningful scholarship (Lancy, 2003). The focus of this paper is to discuss principles that I have found effective in guiding undergraduates to produce publishable research. These principles are largely informed by learner-centered practices (Cornelius-White, 2007) including rapport building, facilitating motivation, empowering students by honoring their ideas and opinions, encouraging problem solving, scaffolding, and internal and external self-reflection.
Increased Stability in Carbon Isotope Records Reflects Emerging Complexity of the Biosphere

Preference for certain stable isotopes (isotope fractionation) during enzyme-mediated reactions is a universal aspect of life. For instance, carbon isotopes are fractionated during anabolic (e.g. photosynthate production) and catabolic (e.g. methanogenesis) reactions. These biological processes exert a major control on ambient micro-scale chemical conditions as well as the large-scale exogenic carbon reservoir. Combined with the ubiquity of bio-mediated carbonate mineral nucleation and obligate enzymatic skeletonization, these biochemical reactions and their control on the exogenic carbon pool are known to leave distinct imprints on carbonate minerals which accumulate as sediments throughout Earth’s history. Here, we study the evolution of the marine carbonate-carbon isotope record based on database compilations from the Precambrian and the Phanerozoic. By looking at the frequency distribution of the amplitude of stratigraphic variation at various temporal resolutions, we assess trends in the carbonate-carbon isotope variability. Part of this variation can only be explained by authigenic and diagenetic carbonate mineral additions, which carry metabolic carbon isotope signatures created in the vicinity of cells and secluded (sub-)seafloor micro-environments. It can be envisioned that compartmentalization (membrane enclosed regions), the accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances (biofilms), and restricted fluid exchange in the early diagenetic environment can create sharp isotope gradients that lead to a high-order of micro-scale carbon isotope variability being imprinted in carbonate rock. The frequency of the high-amplitude variation diminishes with the development of more complex life (metazoan-dominated biosphere); presumably through the dispersing action of bioturbation (eradicating these micro-environments), increased grazing pressure and the advent of obligate biomineralization. On the other hand, stark chemical gradients in a world dominated by unicellular life (prokaryotes and to a lesser extent eukaryotes) are thought to leave a distinctly more variable C isotope signature in carbonate rock. An enhanced understanding of the biogenicity of carbonate carbon isotope signatures at multiple spatial and temporal scales provides a baseline that is usable in the search for signs of (past) extraterrestrial life.