Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality is elusive without vertical systems

The benefits of quality science and continuity in quality control, maintenance, and improvement are highly dependent on the presence and type of systems within the organization. In operational terms, there are basically two systems: 1) Horizontal systems, and 2) Vertical systems. Horizontal systems spread a single effective idea across the whole organization. Vertical systems use many proven tools in the most effective sequence to visualize and solve a specific problem. If investments in these two systems are not proportionate, the company can actually suffer heavy losses that could result in the closing of a business. In this paper, we explore horizontal and vertical systems to examine how they define the fate of any organization.
Rating Comfort and Every-Day Mood States (TRIM-S): Comparing Likert Scales with Visual Analog Scales (VAS) and Relations to Cardiovascular Response

Objective: A direct comparison of different kinds of scale formats of ratings of comfort and of mood states as well as their relation to the cardiovascular response was the objective. It was expected that activation-related scales are associated with physiological measures and that comfort scales and ratings of mood states would give complementary information on the impact of environmental conditions.
A Preoperative Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio of 3 Predicts Disease-Free Survival After Curative Elective Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Objective:This study aims to determine the role of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic marker for patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer undergoing curative resection. Background:An NLR reflects a systematic inflammatory response, with some evidence suggesting that an elevated preoperative NLR of more than 5.0 is associated with poorer survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods:Data from 506 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of nonmetastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma undergoing surgical resection between 2006 and 2011 were included. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the optimal value for NLR in relation to disease-free and overall survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to determine the role of NLR after stratification by several clinicopathological factors. Patients were followed by a standardized protocol until February 2013. Results:Median follow-up was 45 months [interquartile range, 21–65]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified an NLR of more than 3 as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (odds ratio = 2.41; 95% confidence interval = 1.12–5.15; P = 0.024) but not for overall survival (odds ratio = 1.23; 95% confidence interval = 0.80–1.90; P = 0.347). A high NLR was significantly associated with older age, higher T and N stages, the presence of microvascular invasion, low preoperative albumin levels, and higher ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) status of the patient. Conclusions:For patients with colorectal cancer, a preoperative NLR of more than 3.0 may be an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Considering this in addition to well-established prognostic variables may improve the processes of identifying patients at higher risk of recurrence who would benefit from adjuvant therapies or more frequent surveillance, thereby providing more personalized cancer care.
Unemployment and Child Health

We describe how the health outcomes of children relate to parental unemployment. We do this using a panel covering hospitalizations for the universe of Swedish children 0-18 years old during the time period 1992-2007. The panel also contains detailed information on parental labor market outcomes and unemployment spells. In order to handle selection issues we explore a) how the timing of child hospitalizations corresponds to the timing of parental unemployment spells, and b) sibling differences in health depending on their exposure to parental unemployment. We focus in particular on differences across age groups and gender.
Security assessment framework for cyber physical systems: A case-study of DNP3 protocol

Industrial control system (ICS) is a critical component in realizing Cyber physical system (CPS). ICS designed with traditional SCADA platforms have a small percentage or no native security, since they were never designed to be operated remotely and over the Internet. Security of these critical systems relies heavily on communication protocols. DNP3 is one of the most widely used protocols by SCADA system to communicate between the master and slave station. IEEE 1815-2012 is the current standard for DNP3 having goal to provide cyber security based on IEC/TS 62351-15. This paper investigates the buoyancy of DNP3 towards attacks as passive Network reconnaissance, Base line response replay, Rogue interloper, Event buffer flooding and TCP veto. Paper concludes by comments on new set of Improper input validation vulnerability.
The potential role of Demodex folliculorum mites and bacteria in the induction of rosacea.

S. Jarmuda and others Microbes and rosacea Rosacea is a common dermatological condition that predominantly affects the central regions of the face. Rosacea affects up to 3% of the world’s population and a number of subtypes are recognized. Rosacea can be treated with a variety of antibiotics (e.g. tetracycline or metronidazole) yet no role for bacteria or microbes in its aetiology has been conclusively established. The density of Demodex mites in the skin of rosacea patients is higher than in controls, suggesting a possible role for these mites in the induction of this condition. In addition, Bacillus oleronius, known to be sensitive to the antibiotics used to treat rosacea, has been isolated from a Demodex mite from a patient with papulopustular rosacea and a potential role for this bacterium in the induction of rosacea has been proposed. Staphylococcus epidermidis has been isolated predominantly from the pustules of rosacea patients but not from unaffected skin and may be transported around the face by Demodex mites. These findings raise the possibility that rosacea is fundamentally a bacterial disease resulting from the over proliferation of Demodex mites living in skin damaged as a result of adverse weathering, age or the production of sebum with an altered fatty acid content. This review surveys the literature relating to the role of Demodex mites and their associated bacteria in the induction and persistence of rosacea and highlights possible therapeutic options. Rosacea: definition and epidemiology Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory dermatosis of the face that affects up to 3% of the world’s population (Buechner, 2005). Skin lesions are usually located in the central regions of the face, involving mostly the cheeks, nose and chin. Occasionally, lesions may be found on sunexposed areas such as the neckline, the neck and ears; however, the periocular region often remains
Contributions à la sécurité dans les réseaux mobiles ad Hoc. (Contributions for the Security in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs))

La these se focalise sur la securite dans les reseaux mobiles ad hoc (MANET : Mobile Ad hoc NETwork) [RFC 2501]. L'absence d'une gestion centrale des fonctionnalites du reseau rend ces reseaux beaucoup plus vulnerables aux attaques que les reseaux sans ﬁl (WLAN) et ﬁlaires (LAN). Malheureusement, les protocoles de securite qui existent actuellement ne sont pas concus pour un tel environnement (dynamique). Ils ne prennent pas la contrainte des ressources en consideration car non seulement l'environnement est dynamique, mais les ressources sont aussi limitees (memoire, capacite de calcul et surtout energie), ce qui complique davantage la problematique, car on sait bien que les solutions de securite sont gourmandes en terme de ressources. Cependant, en raison de l'importance des domaines d'application des reseaux mobiles ad hoc comme les operations militaires (communication entre les avions, les voitures et le personnel et operations de secours, situations d'urgence en cas de sinistre, etc . . .), il faut relever le deﬁ, car concevoir un mecanisme de securite infaillible pour les reseaux mobiles ad hoc est necessaire. L'objectif principal de la these consiste a etudier les solutions susceptibles d'assurer la securite dans les reseaux mobiles ad hoc, en proposant une architecture hierarchique distribuee qui permet d'etablir une infrastructure dynamique a cle publique. Cette architecture doit supporter les differentes caracteristiques de ces reseaux (absence d'une unite centrale de gestion de reseau, topologie reseau dynamique, etc . . .). Dans ce but, un modele de conﬁance adapte a l'environnement dynamique pour assurer l'evolution des niveaux de conﬁance des nœuds est etabli. De plus, les vulnerabilites au niveau des autorites de certiﬁcation sont prises en compte dans le nouveau concept de DDMZ (zone dynamique demilitarisee) que nous proposons. Dans le but de securiser les nœuds dont le role est crucial au sein du reseau, leur identite doit etre cachee. C'est pourquoi le concept d'anonymat est introduit. Un protocole d'authentiﬁcation anonyme est propose. De plus, nous nous inspirons du modele militaire pour mettre en place un mecanisme de camouﬂage qui cache le role des nœuds sensibles. Pour entretenir le modele de conﬁance, un mecanisme de surveillance est indispensable. Il est adapte aux contraintes de l'environnement sans ﬁl dynamique et reduit le taux de fausses alarmes (faux positifs). Il est fonde sur une approche inter-couches et un modele probabiliste pour ameliorer l'observation du nœud surveillant. Pour faire face aux attaques intelligentes de type inter-couches, une etude des vulnerabilites au niveau des couches inferieures comme la couche MAC est menee. Ensuite, des mecanismes de prevention et de detection sont analyses et evalues. La performance de ces mecanismes est evaluee avec la prise en compte des metriques primordiales pour les reseaux mobiles ad hoc, telles que la consommation d'energie, la mobilite, la densite des nœuds et du traﬁc, etc .
The economics of trade unions

In this third edition of his highly acclaimed and influential study, Albert Rees updates his material to reflect the major changes in the labor scene occurring during the 1970s and 1980s. New to this edition is a chapter on the decline of private sector unions, and other chapters have been substantially revised. The treatment of the effect of unions on relative wages has been completely recast to reflect the results of recent research. Students of labor economics will find that Rees's well-balanced account provides an excellent, comprehensive view of all aspects of the activities of unions, from their early development and history, through analysis of their sources of power, to the effects of their policies. In the final chapters, Rees broadens his evaluation to survey noneconomic as well as economic aspects of union activity.
Cluster Absorptive Capacity

This article provides a firm-centred interpretation of why some industrial clusters forge ahead and others lag behind. It argues that the dynamic growth of a cluster depends on its absorptive capacity and therefore on the capacity of firms to absorb external knowledge and diffuse it into the intra-cluster knowledge system. This article speculates on the relationship existing between the heterogeneity of firms’ knowledge bases with both intra- and extra-cluster knowledge systems. It concludes by illustrating that a conceptual link exists between firm-level knowledge bases, the cluster absorptive capacity and its potential for growth.
Racial Variations in Dental Procedures: The Case of Root Canal Therapy versus Tooth Extraction

Background.Racial disparities have been widely documented in medical care, but variations in dental care have not been well examined. Objectives.To determine if there is racial variation in use of root canal therapy versus tooth extraction across different levels of dental insurance coverage and adjusting for other factors known to influence treatment decisions. Methods.Within 3 different categories of insurance coverage, we examined whether there were racial differences in the provision of the tooth-sparing treatment of root canal therapy (vs. tooth extraction) among 54,423 users of outpatient Veterans Affairs dental care in 1998. Regression analyses adjusted for the severity of tooth- and gum-related disease, age, sex, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, prior use of preventive dental services, tooth extraction and root canal therapy, and clustering by geographic region. Results.In the adjusted regression models, black patients and those with unknown race were less likely overall to receive root canal therapy than whites, whereas Asians were more likely. Among patients with eligibility for continuing and comprehensive dental care, blacks were less likely and Asians more likely to receive root canals than whites. For patients covered only for emergency dental care, Hispanics had a higher likelihood of receiving root canal therapy. Among all other types of coverage, there were no significant racial differences in the care received. Conclusion.We observed substantial racial variations in the provision of root canal therapy among patients treated in Department of Veterans Affairs dental clinics. Future research should identify the causes of such variations.
Regulatory Profit Targets and Earnings Management in Initial Public Offerings: The Case of Malaysia

We examine the extent of earnings management associated with meeting forecasts made in IPO prospectuses in a developing economy where government regulation requires a profit forecast but allows promoters to choose either (1) to provide a profit guarantee or (2) to elect for a moratorium on share transfers for a defined period. Since the managers is mandated to make earnings forecast and there are costs associated with forecast error, we hypothesize that, in the first reporting period following the IPO, managers opting for a profit guarantee will signal their ability to produce a result within the target zone while managers opting for a share moratorium will match that performance to maintain their reputation, with the result that both groups are indistinguishable in the magnitude of earnings management. Using a sample of 92 regulated IPO firms we find a strong negative association between forecast error before earnings management and a firm's discretionary accruals. Our results support the hypotheses, leading to the conclusion that earnings are managed towards the forecast amount, consistent with both the desire not to deviate excessively from the forecast and income smoothing.
Enzymatic oligomerization of bacteriophage P22 DNA and of linear Simian virus 40 DNA.

Linear double-stranded molecules of the circularly permuted and terminally redundant DNA of Salmonella bacteriophage P22 have been converted to oligomeric products in the presence of polynucleotide ligase coded for by the coliphage T4. The reaction has been monitored by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation and electron microscopy. It goes slowly and gives yields of 30-40%. The products are mainly dimers and trimers, but higher oligomers are also present.DNA ligase extracted from uninfected Escherichia coli seems unable to perform a similar reaction, which is concluded to involve the fully base-paired termini. Linear double-stranded molecules of simian virus(SV) 40 DNA, produced by the action of the bacterial restriction endonuclease R(1), are oligomerized by either ligase; therefore, this reaction seems to involve single-stranded cohesive ends. No mixed products could be found when P22 DNA and linear SV 40 DNA were exposed together to the T4 ligase.
Mixed Iterative Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Optimal Battery Energy Control in Smart Residential Microgrids

In this paper, a novel mixed iterative adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm is developed to solve the optimal battery energy management and control problem in smart residential microgrid systems. Based on the data of the load and electricity rate, two iterations are constructed, which are <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-iteration and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$</tex-math></inline-formula> -iteration, respectively. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$</tex-math></inline-formula>-iteration is implemented based on value iteration, which aims to obtain the iterative control law sequence in each period. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$</tex-math></inline-formula>-iteration is implemented based on policy iteration, which updates the iterative value function according to the iterative control law sequence. Properties of the developed mixed iterative ADP algorithm are analyzed. It is shown that the iterative value function is monotonically nonincreasing and converges to the solution of the Bellman equation. In each iteration, it is proven that the performance index function is finite under the iterative control law sequence. Finally, numerical results and comparisons are given to illustrate the performance of the developed algorithm.
Optimal Exercise Prices for Executive Stock Options

Although exercise prices for executive stock options can be set either below or above the grant-date market price, in practice virtually all options are granted at the money. We offer an economic rationale for this apparent puzzle, by showing that pay-to-performance incentives for risk-averse undiversified executives are typically maximized by setting exercise prices at (or near) the grant-date market price. We provide an operationally useful alternative to Black-Scholes (1973) for the purpose of both valuing executive stock options and measuring the incentives created by options. Our framework has implications not only for exercise-price policies, but also for indexed options, option repricings, exchanges of cash for stock-based compensation, and the design of bonus plans.
Semantic Search based on Ontology with Case Study: Indonesian Batik

Many kind of searching technique has been developed today. One of these techniques is using ontology to support semantic technology. This technology is applied on this research. It is an experimental research to develop a semantic search based on ontology with case study on Indonesian article about batik. There are so many batik articles on the internet today. But the information about batik can not be easy to find. It because Indonesia is rich with batik. So many place produce batik with their own characteristic. The aim is to expand the meaning of keyword that user inputted. And the result shows that cosine value with expanded ontology is higher than without ontology. It almost double the value of cosine without ontology.
Autologous serum eye drops for ocular surface disorders

Tears have antimicrobial, nourishing, mechanical, and optical properties. They contain components such as growth factors, fibronectin, and vitamins to support proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. A lack of these epitheliotrophic factors—for example, in dry eye, can result in severe ocular surface disorders such as persistent epithelial defects. Recently, the use of autologous serum in the form of eye drops has been reported as a new treatment for severe ocular surface disorders. Serum eye drops may be produced as an unpreserved blood preparation. They are by nature non-allergenic and their biomechanical and biochemical properties are similar to normal tears. In vitro cell culture experiments showed that corneal epithelial cell morphology and function are better maintained by serum than by pharmaceutical tear substitutes. Clinical cohort studies have reported its successful use for severe dry eyes and persistent epithelial defects. However, the protocols to prepare and use autologous serum eye drops varied considerably between the studies. As this can result in different biochemical properties protocol variations may also influence the epitheliotrophic effect of the product. Before the definitive role of serum eye drops in the management of severe ocular surface disease can be established in a large randomised controlled trial this has to be evaluated in more detail. In view of legislative restrictions and based upon the literature reviewed here a preliminary standard operating procedure for the manufacture of serum eye drops is proposed.
An application layer non-repudiation wireless system: A cross-layer approach

Non-repudiation techniques are to ensure any communication taking place between two or more parties will be undeniable. Therefore it is crucial to include digital signatures of the involving parties while the communication is taking place. In medical practices, involved parties may include patient(s) and doctor(s) who are involved in series of visits, diagnosis, prescription, possible operation, and etc. To avoid possible conflicts, adding non-repudiation techniques help immensely. This thesis considers this issue in a wireless medium and studies the Quality of Service (QoS)/Security requirements in terms of network parameters and performance metrics [1].
High Does Nothing and Rising Is Worse: Carbon Taxes Should Keep Declining to Cut Harmful Emissions

It is often that greenhouse gas emissions should be curbed by taxes on activities that generate them. This paper continues the case for taxes on fossil fuels in the context of an infinite-horizon growth model. Under simple conditions, a constant tax rate on energy use is found to exert no real effect: energy taxes just squeeze rents and have no impact on the time-profile of extraction. Expectations of falling energy taxes are what is needed to reduce extraction rates and postpone such adverse consequences that carbon emissions induce. Copyright 1992 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd and The Victoria University of Manchester
Entrepreneurship and the Informal Economy: An Overview

In recent decades, the field of entrepreneurship studies has become increasingly interested in the relationship between entrepreneurship and the informal economy. This paper reviews this burgeoning sub-field of entrepreneurship studies that recognizes how entrepreneurs do not always conduct their business affairs wholly by the rulebook. Evaluating this rapidly growing body of literature, it reviews the findings regarding the preponderance of entrepreneurs to engage in the informal economy, the nature of such informal entrepreneurship, the characteristics of informal entrepreneurs and the motives underpinning participation in such endeavor, along with the competing theories that have sought to explain engagement in this type of entrepreneurship. The tentative finding is that there are marked socio-spatial variations in the prevalence and nature of informal entrepreneurship, the characteristics of informal entrepreneurs and their rationales. The implication is not only that different theorizations of informal entrepreneurship apply more in some populations than others, but also that some populations usually seen as lacking in entrepreneurial spirit are perhaps more enterprising and entrepreneurial than currently recognized. Consequently, legitimizing this hidden enterprise culture could be an important means of promoting enterprise and economic development in such populations. The paper concludes by highlighting future avenues for research on this subject.
[Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency].

Signs and symptoms of SCAD deficiency may appear during infancy or early childhood and can include vomiting, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), a lack of energy (lethargy), poor feeding, and failure to gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive). Other features of this disorder may include poor muscle tone (hypotonia), seizures, developmental delay, and a small head size (microcephaly).