Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method for assessing quality of service in broadband networks

Monitoring of Quality of Service (QoS) in high-speed Internet infrastructure is a challenging task. However, precise assessments must take into account the fact that the requirements for the given quality level are service-dependent. Backbone QoS monitoring and analysis requires processing of large amount of the data and knowledge of which kind of application the traffic belongs to. To overcome the drawbacks of existing methods for traffic classification we proposed and evaluated a centralized solution based on C5.0 Machine Learning Algorithm (MLA) and decision rules. The first task was to collect and provide C5.0 high-quality training data, divided into groups corresponding to different types of applications. It was found that currently existing means of collecting data (classification by ports, Deep Packet Inspection, statistical classification, public data sources) are not sufficient and they do not comply with the required standards. To collect training data a new system was developed, in which the major role is performed by volunteers. Client applications installed on their computers collect the detailed data about each flow passing through the network interface, together with the application name taken from the description of system sockets. This paper proposes a new method for measuring the Quality of Service (QoS) level in broadband networks, based on our Volunteer-Based System for collecting the training data, Machine Learning Algorithms for generating the classification rules and application-specific rules for assessing the QoS level. We combine both passive and active monitoring technologies. The paper evaluates different implementation possibilities, presents the current implementation of particular parts of the system, their initial runs and obtained results, highlighting parts relevant from the QoS point of view.
Toxic effects of atrazine on reproductive system of male rats.

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Atrazine (ATZ) on the reproductive system of male rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ATZ by gavage at dosages of 0, 38.5, 77, and 154 mg/kg bw/day for 30 d. The toxic effects of ATZ to rats were assessed through histopathologcal observation, spermatozoa quality evaluation, testicular marker enzyme indicators, antioxidant capacity and reproductive hormone levels. RESULTS Significant adverse effects on reproductive system were observed in rats exposed to ATZ at different dosages compared with 0 mg/kg group, including an irregular and disordered arrangement of the seminiferous epithelium in 154 mg/kg group; a decreased spermatozoa number and an increased spermatozoa abnormality rate in 77 and 154 mg/kg groups; decreased levels of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) with the increasing of ATZ concentration; a decreased level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in a dose-dependent manner, and a decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) level and an increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in 154 mg/kg group; and decreased serum levels of testosterone (T) and inhibin-B (INH-B) and an increased serum level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in 77 and 154 mg/kg groups, and an increased serum level of luteinizing hormone (LH) in 154 mg/kg group. CONCLUSION These results suggested that relatively high doses of ATZ could exert reproductive toxicity of male rats.
Health-Related Quality of Life after Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer in Elderly Patients with Ileal Orthotopic Neobladder or Ileal Conduit: Results from a Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study Using Validated Questionnaires

Objective: To evaluate health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) outcomes in elderly patients with different type of urinary diversion (UD), ileal conduit (IC) and ileal orthotopic neobladder (IONB), after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer, by using validated self-reported cancer-specific instruments. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 77 patients who received an IC or an IONB after RC. HR-QoL was assessed with specific and validated disease questionnaires, administered at last follow-up. Result: At univariate analysis, at a mean follow-up of 60.91 ± 5.63 months, IONB results were favourable with regard to the following HR-QoL aspects: nausea and vomiting (p = 0.045), pain (p = 0.049), appetite loss (p = 0.03), constipation (p = 0.000), financial impact (p = 0.012) and cognitive functioning (p = 0.000). This last functional aspect was significantly worse in female patients (p = 0.029). Emotional functioning was significantly better in patients without long-term complications (p = 0.016). At multivariate analysis, male gender and IONB were independent predictors of better cognitive functioning, while long-term complications negatively affected emotional functioning. Conclusions: Obtained results suggest that an IONB can also be suitable for elderly patients compared with an IC with few and selected advantages in favour of the former UD. Preoperative patient’s selection, counselling, education and active participation in the decision-making process lead to a more suitable choice of treatment.
Category structure and processing in 6‐year‐old children with autism

This study investigated the categorization abilities of 6‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as compared to their peers with typical development (TD) using a category verification task. We examined the impact of stimulus typicality on multiple aspects of real‐time performance, including accuracy, reaction time, and performance stability. Both groups were more accurate in identifying typical category members than atypical ones; however, only the ASD group's accuracy was affected by item ordering, indicating less stable performance. Furthermore, category structure was predicted by concurrent language levels in the TD group but by concurrent nonverbal IQ in the ASD group; these latter two findings suggest that children with ASD process categories differently than their peers with TD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 327–336. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long-term coastal-polynya dynamics in the southern Weddell Sea from MODIS thermal-infrared imagery

Abstract. Based upon thermal-infrared satellite imagery in combination with ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data, we derive long-term polynya characteristics such as polynya area, thin-ice thickness distribution, and ice-production rates for a 13-year investigation period (2002–2014) for the austral winter (1 April to 30 September) in the Antarctic southern Weddell Sea. All polynya parameters are derived from daily cloud-cover corrected thin-ice thickness composites. The focus lies on coastal polynyas which are important hot spots for new-ice formation, bottom-water formation, and heat/moisture release into the atmosphere. MODIS has the capability to resolve even very narrow coastal polynyas. Its major disadvantage is the sensor limitation due to cloud cover. We make use of a newly developed and adapted spatial feature reconstruction scheme to account for cloud-covered areas. We find the sea-ice areas in front of the Ronne and Brunt ice shelves to be the most active with an annual average polynya area of 3018 ± 1298 and 3516 ± 1420 km2 as well as an accumulated volume ice production of 31 ± 13 and 31 ± 12 km3, respectively. For the remaining four regions, estimates amount to 421 ± 294 km2 and 4 ± 3 km3 (Antarctic Peninsula), 1148 ± 432 km2 and 12 ± 5 km3 (iceberg A23A), 901 ± 703 km2 and 10 ± 8 km3 (Filchner Ice Shelf), as well as 499 ± 277 km2 and 5 ± 2 km3 (Coats Land). Our findings are discussed in comparison to recent studies based on coupled sea-ice/ocean models and passive-microwave satellite imagery, each investigating different parts of the southern Weddell Sea.
Eye-Preserving Surgery Followed by Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Lacrimal Gland Carcinoma: Outcomes in 37 Patients.

PURPOSE To describe the clinical outcomes of eye-preserving surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma who underwent eye-preserving surgery were studied. RESULTS At last follow up, 32 patients were alive without disease, 3 patients were alive with disease with distant metastasis, 1 patient had died of disease, and 1 patient had died of other cause. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was worse in patients without than in patients with adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.001) and worse in patients with T3-T4 tumors than in patients with T1-T2 tumors (p = 0.027). At last follow up, 25 patients (68%) had visual acuity of 20/40 or better. CONCLUSIONS In patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma, eye-preserving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with reasonable local control rates and visual and ocular function. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy seems to enhance local control rates.
Effect of fermentation on apparent total and and nutrient digestibility of linseed, Linum usitatissimum, meal in rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings

Plant oilseeds and their by-products usually constitute a major source of dietary protein in feeds of warm water omnivorous/herbivorous fish species (Lim and Dominy 1991). Some of the factors which limit application of these ingredients in fish feeds at high levels include low protein content, amino-acid imbalance, and the presence of antinutritional factors (Wee 1991). In India, the digestibility of locally available feed ingredients has been a subject of a few studies, conducted on carp (Jayaram and Shetty 1980, Ray and Das 1994, Mukhopadhyay and Ray 1997). Linseed meal is often used as a dietary ingredient in fish feed. Hasan et al. (1989) used linseed meal as a feed ingredient in the diet of walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, fry. Hasan et al. (1991) used it successfully in the diet of Labeo rohita. Hossain and Jauncey (1989) studied the protein, energy content, and amino acid digestibility of linseed meal. The low apparent protein digestibility of linseed might be due to the presence of mucilage in it. In addition, Hossain and Jauncey (1989) investigated the nutritive value of linseed meal of Bangladeshi origin and tested it in a diet of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Earlier, studies on the digestibility of an ingredient usually involved the reference diet to the ingredient ratio of 7 : 3 ratio (Cho et al. 1974). De Silva et al. (1990), however, have shown that a desirable proportion of the ingredient relative to the reference diet should vary from 80%–85% to 20%–15%. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the suitability of incorporating raw and fermented linseed meal ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2005) 35 (2): 73–78
Air Pollution as a Cause of Violent Crime: Evidence from Los Angeles and Chicago

Exposure to air pollution has adverse impacts on human health, workplace productivity, and educational and cognitive performance. However, empirical evidence linking pollution exposure to high-stakes decisionmaking is limited. Motivated by research from medicine and psychology linking pollution to aggression, we provide the first evidence of a causal link between short-run variation in ambient pollution and the commission of violent crime. Using the location of crimes and wind direction as a source of pollution variation, we find that air pollution increases violent crime in both Chicago (by 2.2%) and the Los Angeles metro area (by 6.1%). Consistent with the literature on aggression and ambient pollution, we find no effect on property crime. The results are robust to a wide variety of specifications and falsification tests. Back of the envelope calculations indicate that the cost of pollution-induced crime is comparable in magnitude to other outcomes studied in the literature and should be included in benefit-cost analysis of pollution abatement policies. Overall, the results suggest that pollution may reduce welfare and affect behavior and decisionmaking through an even wider set of channels than previously understood. ∗We thank William Greene, Pierre Brochu, Sophie Bernard, Doug Miller, Solomon Hsiang, Aureo de Paula, Michael Greenstone, Rema Hanna, Paulina Oliva and seminar participants at University of Montreal, McGill University, Resources for the Future, UC-Berkeley, UC-Irvine, UC-Davis, the June 2016 Summer AERE meetings in Breckenridge and the March 2016 Congress of the Royal Economic Society in Brighton for valuable comments. Heyes acknowledges funding from the Canada Research Chair programme. Herrnstadt acknowledges funding from Resources for the Future. Heyes is also part-time Professor of Economics at the University of Sussex. Errors are ours. †Herrnstadt: Center for the Environment, Harvard University, eherrnstadt@fas.harvard. edu. Heyes: Department of Economics, University of Ottawa. Muehlegger: Department of Economics, University of California-Davis and NBER; Saberian: Department of Economics, University of Ottawa.
Spatio-temporal stages in face and word processing. I. Depth-recorded potentials in the human occipital, temporal and parietal lobes [corrected].

Evoked potentials (EPs) were used to help identify the timing, location, and intensity of the information-processing stages applied to faces and words in humans. EP generators were localized using intracranial recordings in 33 patients with depth electrodes implanted in order to direct surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. While awaiting spontaneous seizure onset, the patients gave their fully informed consent to perform cognitive tasks. Depth recordings were obtained from 1198 sites in the occipital, temporal and parietal cortices, and in the limbic system (amygdala, hippocampal formation and posterior cingulate gyrus). Twenty-three patients received a declarative memory recognition task in which faces of previously unfamiliar young adults without verbalizable distinguishing features were exposed for 300 ms every 3 s; 25 patients received an analogous task using words. For component identification, some patients also received simple auditory (21 patients) or visual (12 patients) discrimination tasks. Eight successive EP stages preceding the behavioral response (at about 600 ms) could be distinguished by latency, and each of 14 anatomical structures was found to participate in 2-8 of these stages. The earliest response, an N75-P105, focal in the most medial and posterior of the leads implanted in the occipital lobe (lingual g), was probably generated in visual cortical areas 17 and 18. These components were not visible in response to words, presumably because words were presented foveally. A focal evoked alpha rhythm to both words and faces was also noted in the lingual g. This was followed by an N130-P180-N240 focal and polarity-inverting in the basal occipitotemporal cortex (fusiform g, probably areas 19 and 37). In most cases, the P180 was evoked only by faces, and not by words, letters or symbols. Although largest in the fusiform g this sequence of potentials (especially the N240) was also observed in the supramarginal g, posterior superior and middle temporal g, posterior cingulate g, and posterior hippocampal formation. The N130, but not later components of this complex, was observed in the anterior hippocampus and amygdala. Faces only also evoked longer-latency potentials up to 600 ms in the right fusiform g. Words only evoked a series of potentials beginning at 190 ms and extending to 600 ms in the fusiform g and near the angular g (especially left). Both words and faces evoked a N150-P200-PN260 in the lingual g, and posterior inferior and middle temporal g. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Preparation and ion sensing property of the self-assembled microgels by QCM

Abstract The polyanion polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), the polycation poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and the anionic poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [P(NIPAM-co-AA)] microgels were self-assembled onto the polyethylene imine (PEI) adsorbed gold surfaces of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) because of the electrostatic attractions. The interactions of various metal particles including Ca2+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Sn2+, Co2+, and Cd2+ with the obtained PEI/PSS/PAH/microgel layer in aqueous solutions were evaluated by QCM. The PEI/PSS/PAH/Microgel covered QCM sensor demonstrates the lowest detection limit of 0.1 ppm in aqueous solutions and the obviously linear connection between the frequency response and Ni2+ concentration from 0.1 to 20 ppm, which is due to the complexation of Ni2+ with the carboxyl groups of microgels. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to reveal the morphology and stability of the self-assembled polyelectrolyte/microgel layer before and after adsorbing heavy metal ions. These self-assembled materials of polyelectrolyte/microgel layer will be helpful for manufacturing ion-selective materials for separation and identification purposes.
Enhancing terahertz magnetic near field induced by a micro-split-ring resonator with a tapered waveguide.

Substantial enhancement of terahertz magnetic near field achieved by the combination of a tapered metallic waveguide and a micro-split-ring resonator is demonstrated. The magnetic near field is probed directly via the magneto-optic sampling with a Tb3Ga5O12 crystal. The incident terahertz wave with a half-cycle waveform is generated by using the pulse-front tilting method. The magnetic near field at the resonant frequency is enhanced by more than 30 times through the combination of the waveguide and the resonator. The peak amplitude of the magnetic field with a damped oscillation waveform in the time domain is up to 0.4 T. The resonant frequency can be tuned by adopting different resonator designs. The mechanism of the enhancement is analyzed by performing calculations based on the finite element method. The strong terahertz magnetic near field enables the excitation of large-amplitude spin dynamics and can be utilized for an ultrafast spin control.
Assessing shoreline exposure and oyster habitat suitability maximizes potential success for sustainable shoreline protection using restored oyster reefs

Oyster reefs provide valuable ecosystem services that contribute to coastal resilience. Unfortunately, many reefs have been degraded or removed completely, and there are increased efforts to restore oysters in many coastal areas. In particular, much attention has recently been given to the restoration of shellfish reefs along eroding shorelines to reduce erosion. Such fringing reef approaches, however, often lack empirical data to identify locations where reefs are most effective in reducing marsh erosion, or fully take into account habitat suitability. Using monitoring data from 5 separate fringing reef projects across coastal Louisiana, we quantify shoreline exposure (fetch + wind direction + wind speed) and reef impacts on shoreline retreat. Our results indicate that fringing oyster reefs have a higher impact on shoreline retreat at higher exposure shorelines. At higher exposures, fringing reefs reduced marsh edge erosion an average of 1.0 m y−1. Using these data, we identify ranges of shoreline exposure values where oyster reefs are most effective at reducing marsh edge erosion and apply this knowledge to a case study within one Louisiana estuary. In Breton Sound estuary, we calculate shoreline exposure at 500 random points and then overlay a habitat suitability index for oysters. This method and the resulting visualization show areas most likely to support sustainable oyster populations as well as significantly reduce shoreline erosion. Our results demonstrate how site selection criteria, which include shoreline exposure and habitat suitability, are critical to ensuring greater positive impacts and longevity of oyster reef restoration projects.
The net acid extruders NHE1, NBCn1 and MCT4 promote mammary tumor growth through distinct but overlapping mechanisms

High metabolic and proliferative rates in cancer cells lead to production of large amounts of H+ and CO2, and as a result, net acid extruding transporters are essential for the function and survival of cancer cells. We assessed protein expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, the Na+‐ HCO3− cotransporter NBCn1, and the lactate‐H+ cotransporters MCT1 and −4 by immunohistochemical analysis of a large cohort of breast cancer samples. We found robust expression of these transporters in 20, 10, 4 and 11% of samples, respectively. NHE1 and NBCn1 expression both correlated positively with progesterone receptor status, NHE1 correlated negatively and NBCn1 positively with HER2 status, whereas MCT4 expression correlated with lymph node status. Stable shRNA‐mediated knockdown (KD) of either NHE1 or NBCn1 in the MDA‐MB‐231 triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line significantly reduced steady‐state intracellular pH (pHi) and capacity for pHi recovery after an acid load. Importantly, KD of any of the three transporters reduced in vivo primary tumor growth of MDA‐MB‐231 xenografts. However, whereas KD of NBCn1 or MCT4 increased tumor‐free survival and decreased in vitro proliferation rate and colony growth in soft agar, KD of NHE1 did not have these effects. Moreover, only MCT4 KD reduced Akt kinase activity, PARP and CD147 expression and cell motility. This work reveals that different types of net acid extruding transporters, NHE1, NBCn1 and MCT4, are frequently expressed in patient mammary tumor tissue and demonstrates for the first time that they promote growth of TNBC human mammary tumors in vivo via distinct but overlapping mechanisms.
Load-adjusted video quality prediction methods for missing data

A polynomial fitting model for predicting the RTP packet rate of Video-on-Demand received by a client is presented. This approach is underpinned by a parametric statistical model for the client-server system. This model, namely the PQ-model, improves the robustness of the predictor in the presence of a time-varying load on the server. The advantage of our approach is that if we model the load on the server, we can then use this model, and any insights gained from it, to improve RTP packet rate predictions. A second advantage is that we can predict how the server will behave under previously unobserved loads - a tool which is particularly useful for network planning. For example, we can accurately predict how the system will behave when the load is increased to a previously unobserved value. Thirdly, the PQ-model provides accurate predictions of future RTP packet rates in scenarios where training data is unavailable.
The nonstop decay and the RNA silencing systems operate cooperatively in plants

Abstract Translation-dependent mRNA quality control systems protect the protein homeostasis of eukaryotic cells by eliminating aberrant transcripts and stimulating the decay of their protein products. Although these systems are intensively studied in animals, little is known about the translation-dependent quality control systems in plants. Here, we characterize the mechanism of nonstop decay (NSD) system in Nicotiana benthamiana model plant. We show that plant NSD efficiently degrades nonstop mRNAs, which can be generated by premature polyadenylation, and stop codon-less transcripts, which are produced by endonucleolytic cleavage. We demonstrate that in plants, like in animals, Pelota, Hbs1 and SKI2 proteins are required for NSD, supporting that NSD is an ancient and conserved eukaryotic quality control system. Relevantly, we found that NSD and RNA silencing systems cooperate in plants. Plant silencing predominantly represses target mRNAs through endonucleolytic cleavage in the coding region. Here we show that NSD is required for the elimination of 5′ cleavage product of mi- or siRNA-guided silencing complex when the cleavage occurs in the coding region. We also show that NSD and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) quality control systems operate independently in plants.