Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pollyanna Hypothesis in Business Writing: Initial Results, Suggestions for Research

This paper looks at three hypotheses: that regardless of the financially good or bad years of a corporation, the communication in the annual let ters to the stockholders will be predominantly positive; that negative words are less frequent in a financially good year than a bad year; and that German readers also tend to accept the same preferred, positive words as Americans. All hypotheses were sustained after viewing 12 annual letters to stockholders in 1975 and 12 letters in 1977. The Pollyanna Hypothesis provides a fertile area for further research: into business letters, business speeches, or other areas which fall into the genre of written or oral business communication.
The Formation and Development of Perceptual Activity

Considerable data are available in the field of perception to demonstrate that a given object, shown repeatedly to a subject, induces non-identical cognitive effects. This is manifested in the fact that the given object is reproduced in differing ways by the subject or that the manner in which it governs his acts varies. These differences cannot be explained in terms of properties of stimulation, nor are they directly explainable by the morpho-physiological mechanisms of perception, inasmuch as both may be relatively invariable. Nor can we be fully satisfied with the exceedingly general explanation of these facts by the assertion that repeated presentations of an object cause ever newer aspects to be discovered. Finally, to fall back upon the concept of "set" merely postpones solution of the problem, for sets themselves and the mechanism of their appearance and operation are themselves in need of clarification. It goes without saying that, in analyzing these facts, it is important to take into considerati.
Taking qualitative methods in organization and management research seriously

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the new journal and outline the rationale and aims and objectives of Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal (QROM). Design/methodology/approach – The paper considers why there is a necessity for a journal like QROM, outlines the scope of the new journal, and introduces the articles in the first issue. An invitation for further contributions to the journal is also given.Findings – There is still a need for an outlet that both provides a showcase for the diverse range of qualitative techniques in use and promotes high quality qualitative research.Originality/value – This paper is of use to those new readers of the journal, and those who wish to submit to the journal, in that it clearly outlines editorial policy and processes.
Marginal Pricing of Harmonic Injections

Proper valuation of harmonic injections and distortion is critical if an efficient solution is to be provided for any harmonic problem that may exist. Indeed, without proper tools to value harmonic distortion, it is not possible to quantify the extent of any problem. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to develop marginal prices for harmonic injections, which will accurately reflect the value of the injections to the rest of the network. Given an allocation of harmonic pollution rights these prices act to coordinate each member of the network to act in a globally optimal manner.
High incidence of cardiovascular events in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort not explained by traditional cardiac risk factors.

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with that in people from the general population, adjusting for traditional CV risk factors. METHODS Two hundred thirty-six consecutive patients with RA were assessed for the 1-year occurrence of 1) CV-related hospitalizations, including myocardial infarction, stroke or other arterial occlusive events, or arterial revascularization procedures, or 2) CV deaths. Both outcomes were ascertained by medical records or death certificates. For comparison, we used CV events that occurred during an 8-year period among participants in an epidemiologic study of atherosclerosis and CV disease who were ages 25-65 years at study entry. We calculated the age- and sex-stratified incidence rate ratio (IRR) of CV events between the 2 cohorts and used Poisson regression to adjust for age, sex, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index. RESULTS Of the 236 RA patients, 234 were observed for 252 patient-years, during which 15 CV events occurred. Of these, 7 incident events occurred during the 204 patient-years contributed by patients ages 25-65 years, for an incidence of 3.43 per 100 patient-years. In the comparison cohort, 4,635 community-dwelling persons were followed up for 33,881 person-years, during which 200 new events occurred, for an incidence of 0.59 per 100 person-years. The age- and sex-adjusted IRR of incident CV events associated with RA was 3.96 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.86-8.43). After adjusting for CV risk factors using Poisson regression, the IRR decreased slightly, to 3.17 (95% CI 1.33-6.36). CONCLUSION The increased incidence of CV events in RA patients is independent of traditional CV risk factors. This suggests that additional mechanisms are responsible for CV disease in RA. Physicians who provide care to individuals with RA should be aware of their increased risk of CV events and implement appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures.
The Strategy and Structure of Collective Action

The developing literature on collective strategy points to the need to manage relations between a population of organizations and the broader social context in which they are located. This paper complements this perspective by examining the problems of collective action at the task environment level. It is proposed that collective action is a necessary response to environmental turbulence; which presents both opportunities and threatens organizations' resource base, and demands operational and output adaptations. It is suggested that different strategies require the solution of different crucial tasks and that specific modes of interorganizational coordination are needed to do this. The hypotheses are illustrated by four cases of collective action prompted by deregulation and technical change in the U.K. telecommunications industry.
The role of satisfaction with territory design on the motivation, attitudes, and work outcomes of salespeople

The primary emphasis of previous research concerning salespeople has been focused on their attitudes and behavior. The relationship between organizational variables and salesperson attitudes and behavior has received very limited attention. Sales territory design is largely uncontrollable by the salesperson, yet is acknowledged by managers and researchers as an important factor enabling salespeople to perform well. The objective is to examine satisfaction with territory design from the perspective of the salesperson. A conceptual model and hypotheses are developed linking the satisfaction with territory design with role ambiguity, intrinsic motivation, job satisfaction, and performance. Role conflict, met expectations, organizational commitment, and intention to leave are also included in the model. Survey results provide strong support for 19 of the 21 hypotheses examined. The findings offer significant insights concerning the role of territory design satisfaction in face-to-face selling and its consequences. Several managerial implications and avenues for future research are discussed.
Collision-free single-step motion planning of biped pole-climbing robots in spatial trusses

For a biped pole-climbing robot (BiPCR) with dual grippers to climb poles, trusses or trees, a feasible collision-free climbing path is inevitable. In this paper, we utilize the sampling-based algorithm, Bi-RRT, to plan a feasible single-step collision-free climbing motion for BiPCRs in spatial trusses. Under the orientation limit of a 5-DoFs BiPCR, a new state representation along with corresponding operations including sampling, metric calculation and interpolation is presented. A simple but effective model of BiPCRs in trusses is proposed, through which the climbing path planning problem is transformed to be similar to that of an industrial robot. In addition, the pre- and post- processes are introduced not only to expedite the convergence of the Bi-RRT, but also to ensure the safe movement for the robot near the poles. The effectiveness and efficiency of the presented Bi-RRT algorithms for climbing motion planning are verified in the simulation.
MB3-Miner: mining eMBedded subTREEs using Tree Model Guided candidate generation

Tree mining has many useful applications in areas such as Bioinformatics, XML mining, Web mining, etc. In general, most of the formally represented information in these domains is a tree structured form. In this paper we focus on mining frequent embedded subtrees from databases of rooted labeled ordered subtrees. We propose a novel and unique embedding list representation that is suitable for describing embedded subtrees. This representation is completely different from the string-like or conventional adjacency list representation previously utilized for trees. We present the mathematical model of a breadth-first-search Tree Model Guided (TMG) candidate generation approach previously introduced in [8]. The key characteristic of the TMG approach is that it enumerates fewer candidates by ensuring that only valid candidates that conform to the structural aspects of the data are generated as opposed to the join approach. Our experiments with both synthetic and real-life datasets provide comparisons against one of the state-of-the-art algorithms, TreeMiner [15], and they demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the technique.
The local character expansion near a tame, semisimple element

Consider the character of an irreducible admissible representation of a p-adic reductive group. The Harish-Chandra-Howe local expansion expresses this character near a semisimple element as a linear combination of Fourier transforms of nilpotent orbital integrals. Under mild hypotheses, we describe an explicit region on which the local character expansion is valid. We assume neither that the group is connected, nor that the underlying field has characteristic zero.
Beyond Industrial Energy Assessments: The Life Cycle Design Perspective

Industry is increasingly challenged with moving toward sustainable production. Industrial energy assessments can identify some improvements in existing manufacturing processes of current products. However, a more comprehensive approach that considers the entire product lifecycle from raw material extraction through the manufacturing process, use phase, and the end-of-life management offers much greater potential for overall resource efficiency. In fact, a systematic lifecycle approach is critical for driving innovative, sustainable product and process design. In this paper, we propose a methodology for considering industrial energy efficiency from the lifecycle perspective and investigate how it could be integrated into existing methods of improving energy efficiency. A general methodology is posed and a case-study approach is employed to demonstrate the efficacy of the methodology. There are four methods to be examined. We begin by analyzing the baseline energy consumption of an existing industrial facility. Second, we consider how energy efficiency can be improved from current production by a traditional energy assessment. Third, in an enhanced energy assessment, we explore the energy efficiency potential of alternative production technologies and/or the entire elimination of unnecessary processes. Finally, the total energy consumption over the entire product lifecycle is considered. Comparing energy use from these scenarios provides critical insights about the potential for radical improvements in sustainable manufacturing.
Modulation of actin structure and function by phosphorylation of Tyr-53 and profilin binding

On starvation, Dictyostelium cells aggregate to form multicellular fruiting bodies containing spores that germinate when transferred to nutrient-rich medium. This developmental cycle correlates with the extent of actin phosphorylation at Tyr-53 (pY53-actin), which is low in vegetative cells but high in viable mature spores. Here we describe high-resolution crystal structures of pY53-actin and unphosphorylated actin in complexes with gelsolin segment 1 and profilin. In the structure of pY53-actin, the phosphate group on Tyr-53 makes hydrogen-bonding interactions with residues of the DNase I-binding loop (D-loop) of actin, resulting in a more stable conformation of the D-loop than in the unphosphorylated structures. A more rigidly folded D-loop may explain some of the previously described properties of pY53-actin, including its increased critical concentration for polymerization, reduced rates of nucleation and pointed end elongation, and weak affinity for DNase I. We show here that phosphorylation of Tyr-53 inhibits subtilisin cleavage of the D-loop and reduces the rate of nucleotide exchange on actin. The structure of profilin–Dictyostelium-actin is strikingly similar to previously determined structures of profilin–β-actin and profilin–α-actin. By comparing this representative set of profilin–actin structures with other structures of actin, we highlight the effects of profilin on the actin conformation. In the profilin–actin complexes, subdomains 1 and 3 of actin close around profilin, producing a 4.7° rotation of the two major domains of actin relative to each other. As a result, the nucleotide cleft becomes moderately more open in the profilin–actin complex, probably explaining the stimulation of nucleotide exchange on actin by profilin.
Analysis of the effect of cell parameters on the maximum RRAM array size considering both read and write

A numerical framework is developed to analyze the requirements of Self-Rectifying Resistive RAM cells for using in cross-point arrays. This paper analyzes the relation between maximum array size and cell characteristics, such as non-linearity, absolute current level and on/off ratio. Furthermore, optimal bias conditions are determined, and the advantage compared to a standard ½ voltage bias scheme is discussed.
The Architect's Brain: Neuroscience, Creativity, and Architecture

The Architect's Brain: Neuroscience, Creativity, and Architecture is the first book to consider the relationship between the neurosciences and architecture, offering a compelling and provocative study in the field of architectural theory. * Explores various moments of architectural thought over the last 500 years as a cognitive manifestation of philosophical, psychological, and physiological theory * Looks at architectural thought through the lens of the remarkable insights of contemporary neuroscience, particularly as they have advanced within the last decade * Demonstrates the neurological justification for some very timeless architectural ideas, from the multisensory nature of the architectural experience to the essential relationship of ambiguity and metaphor to creative thinking
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3α and Specificity Protein 1 Interact to Upregulate Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Ischemic–Reperfused Myocardium and Vascular Endothelium

Objective—Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is upregulated rapidly on endothelial cells during ischemia–reperfusion (I-R) and mediates tissue leukocyte accumulation. The ICAM-1 proximal promoter contains a signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) binding motif (gamma-interferon activation site [GAS] sequence), which flanks a specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding site. We examined the roles of Stat and Sp1 in the regulation of ICAM-1 after myocardial I-R. Methods and Results—Open-chest anesthetized rats underwent coronary artery occlusion for 35 minutes and reperfusion for 0 to 240 minutes. Stat became activated within 15 minutes after reperfusion, primarily in vascular endothelial cells; the activated Stat protein was identified as Stat3 (α-isoform). After phosphorylation on serine 727 (p-S727), Stat3α was found in association with the transcriptional regulator Sp1, and the complex bound to an ICAM-1–GAS probe. ICAM-1 expression increased after I-R and lagged shortly behind Stat3α activation. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells, activation of Stat3α after hypoxia–reoxygenation (H-R) was dependent on the small GTPase Rac1. Transfection of a dominant-negative Stat3 (Y705F) adenovirus or a GAS decoy oligonucleotide reduced ICAM-1 mRNA expression after H-R. Using a reporter gene transfected into HUVE cells, mutation of the GAS element in the ICAM-1 promoter resulted in reduced transcriptional activity after H-R. Sp1 coimmunoprecipitated with p-S727 Stat3 during H-R, and Sp1 or Stat3α interfering RNA markedly reduced ICAM-1 mRNA expression. Conclusion—The Sp1–Stat3 complex appears to play an important role in the upregulation of ICAM-1 transcription after reoxygenation or reperfusion.
Realtime Estimation of Illumination Images Using Illumination Eigenspace

An illumination irnagc, which is a part of intrinsic images, represents the effect of a lighting condition of thc sccnc. To propcrly handlc illumination cffccts such as cast-shadows in the input image, image manipulation using thc illumination imagc is only natural, since it describes variation of lighting effects from a rcflcctancc imagc which can bc considered as an image under the standard illumination. We have shown in prcvious work (121 that illumination cffccts arc rcasonably factored out from the input images by using illumination imagcs. To apply this mcthod as a prcprocessing stage to a video surveillance system, realtime cstimation of illumination imagcs is rcquircd. Unfortunately, the cost of estimation of illumination images in rcaltimc is computationally high. In addition, it is necessary to synthesize background images before deriving illumination irnagcs whcn thc sccnc contains dynamic objects. In this paper, we illustrate our approach to modcling illumination irnagcs with principal component analysis (PCA) to directly estimate illumination imagcs from input imagcs which contain moving objects in the scene. We propose this framework presupposing that thc camcra is fixcd and thc sccnc is observed under several lighting conditions.
Preoperative medical treatment in patients undergoing diabetic foot surgery with a Wagner Grade-3 or higher ulcer: a retrospective analysis of 52 patients

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the most important complications in people with diabetes mellitus. The present study was aimed to retrospectively review the efficacy of at least 1-week medical treatment before any surgical intervention in patients with Grade-3 and higher DFU according to Wagner's classification. A total of 52 patients (36 males and 16 females) hospitalized and treated between June 2006 and February 2009 and had initially received therapeutic treatment (local wound care, antibiotic therapy and blood glucose regulation) for a period of at least 1 week were included in the study. The level of amputation, rates of reulceration and mortality in both groups were recorded in the following period of 2 years. Group 1 (did not respond to preoperative medical intervention) included 16 patients where a surgical debridement, flap or skin graft surgery was performed in 2 (12.5%) patients, major amputation was performed in another 2 (12.5%) patients and minor amputation was performed in the remaining 12 (75%) patients. Of 36 patients in Group 2 (did respond to preoperative medical intervention), 5 (13.9%) patients underwent the surgical debridement, flap or skin graft surgery, 8 (22.2%) patients had a major amputation and the remaining 23 (63.9%) patients lead to a minor amputation. The ulcer recurrence and mortality rates were obtained as 2 (12.5%) and 2 (12.5%) in Group 1 and 2 (5.6%) and 1 (2.8%) in Group 2, respectively. Despite the lower rates of ulcer recurrence and mortality in patients having adequate responses to initial treatment before surgical procedures were performed, no statistically significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the levels of amputation in both groups.
Increase and Stabilization of Photoproduction of Hydrogen in Nostoc muscorum by Photosynthetic Electron Transport Inhibitors

Abstract Nittrogen-fixing cells of Nostoc muscorum grown under nitrogen or in the presence of nitrate exhibit substantial light-induced hydrogen production for over 15 hours in the presence of electron transport inhibitors. Rates attain levels of 12 μmol H2 evolved/ml packed cell volume and hour. The ATP-dependent nitrogenase, not a hydrogenase, is responsible for hydrogen production. This is indicated by poor sensitivity to CO and inhibition of the reaction by uncouplers, acetylene, and N2 . An active uptake hydrogenase minimizes light-induced H2 production. Although nitrogenase activity is somewhat decreased by several photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors, hydrogen production is markedly increased. This is due to lowering the partial pressure of oxygen in the cell, preventing oxidative hydrogen consumption.
Virtual Interactivity Between Government and Citizens: The Chicago Police Department's Citizen ICAM Application Demonstration Case

This article considers the current efforts to describe the effect of Internet–based technology on interactivity between citizens and public organizations to be incomplete and poorly linked. Based on a multidisciplinary review of the literature, the authors develop a theoretical model of cyber–interactivity and propositions about how virtual communication between citizens and bureaucrats may effect change in organizations, communities, and the relationship between citizens and bureaucrats. Using McMillan's model of cyber–interactivity, they identify four constructscontent sophistication, feedback opportunity, dialogue complexity, and responsivenessthat are useful for comparing citizen–bureaucrat interactions in cyberspace over time and across organizations. The authors present a case analysis of the Chicago Police Department's (CPD) Citizen ICAM Web application that illustrates the interplay between technological and organizational change. They find that cyber–interactivity is a complex process that has recognizable effects on the structure and work processes of the organization, and potentially on the relationship between citizens and bureaucrats. They conclude by proposing further research on cyber–interactivity effects on public organizations, communities, and the relationship between citizens and bureaucrats.
Constructing stability-based clock gating with hierarchical clustering

In modern designs, a complex clock distribution network is employed to distribute the clock signal(s) to all the sequential elements. As the functionality of these sequential elements depends heavily on usage scenarios, it is vital that the clock network is optimized for these scenarios. This paper introduces a clock network power optimization methodology based on design usage patterns and stability based clock gating. Specifically, whenever a register retains its value from the previous cycle, a clock gating implementation shuts off its clock and disables data loading to enable power reduction. We first introduce the notion of a stability pattern and its correlation with clock gating efficiency. Next, we introduce a methodology to identify efficient clock gating implementations. In this framework, a clustering algorithm leveraging stability patterns iteratively computes more effective gating implementations. Each implementation is evaluated further on area overhead and critical path delay. If it satisfies all criteria, it is implemented in the design; otherwise, it is sent back to the clustering algorithm to compute new clock gating implementations. Empirical results show 22.6% reduction in clock network power and 16.0% reduction in total power consumption. This confirms the practicality and robustness of the proposed methodology.