Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reprints Available Directly from the Publisher Photocopying Permitted by License Only a Review of Pancreatico-pleural Fistula in Pancreatitis and Its Management

Pancreatico-pleural fistula is a rare condition in which pancreatic enzymes drain directly in to the pleural cavity, most commonly from an enlarging pseudocyst. We review the literature on the causes, investigations and treatment ofpancreatico-pleural fistulae and compare this,with our own experience of the case of a 41 year old man with a left sided pancreatico-pleural fistula associated with pancreatic duct obstruction. The fistula could not be demonstrated by USS, CT or ERCP, and after these investigations the patient was managed conservatively. However, deterioration in the patients' condition led to an urgent but not emergency laparotomy and operative pancreatogram. This demonstrated the distally obstructed pan-creatic duct, with associated pleural fistula for which aggressive surgical intervention was indicated. The patient subsequently completely recovered. A 41 year old ex-colliery worker with a past history of alcohol abuse and pancreatitis was admitted as an emergency to a general medical firm. He had a two week history of shortness of breath, especially in the mornings, one week of a cough productive of white sputum and four days of left sided pleuritic chest pain radiating to his left shoulder. He had been previously diagnosed as having gall stones and several years earlier had a documented pseudocyst noted on a computed tomography scan. This cyst had settled with conservative management. On examination he was pyrexial, dyspnoeic and tachypnoeic, with dullness and decreased air entry at the base of his left lung. He also had a tense tender abdomen. Blood tests showed normal urea, electrolytes, leucocyte count and clotting screen. Although he denied excess alcohol intake for the 18 months prior to admission, he had a macrocytic anaemia with a haemoglobin of 10.8g/dL, mean cell volume of 102.6 and a reticulocyte count of 3%. Amylase was 256 IU/L (normal range 0 90 IU/L), bilirubin was normal with a mildly raised alkaline phosphatase 183 IU/L (normal range 30 120 IU/L) and raised alanine transaminase 461 IU/L (normal range 0 50 IU/L). His erythrocyte sedimentation ratio was 92.
Accusation probabilities in Tardos codes: the Gaussian approximation is better than we thought

We study the probability distribution of user accusations in the q-ary Tardos fingerprinting system under the Marking Assumption, in the restricted digit model. In particular, we look at the applicability of the so-called Gaussian approximation, which states that accusation probabilities tend to the normal distribution when the fingerprinting code is long. We introduce a novel parametrization of the attack strategy which enables a significant speedup of numerical evaluations. We set up a method, based on power series expansions, to systematically compute the probability of accusing innocent users. The 'small parameter' in the power series is 1/m, where m is the code length. We use our method to semi-analytically study the performance of the Tardos code against majority voting and interleaving attacks. The bias function 'shape' parameter kappa strongly influences the distance between the actual probabilities and the asymptotic Gaussian curve. The impact on the collusion-reslilience of the code is shown. For some realistic parameter values, the false accusation probability is even lower than the Gaussian approximation predicts. Keywords: traitor tracing, forensic watermarking, Tardos fingerprinting.
Exploring social interaction in co-located multiplayer games

Games have always been a social activity. Playing digital games affords spending time with people; helps build personal connections between individuals and helps to redefine the personality of the player while in play. Games also enable to build the concept of togetherness as a means to foster and enhance the concept of social connectedness, mutual dependencies, collaboration, community living and social interaction. We present a work in progress digital game installation to create multi-level social interactions between the player, the spatial game environment and the digital game. We discuss MagicDuel, a multiplayer digital game, where we are in the process of evaluating the socio-spatial contextual relationship between the players, the audience and gameplay elements for this specific digital game.
Alternating syn-anti bacteriochlorophylls form concentric helical nanotubes in chlorosomes

Chlorosomes are the largest and most efficient light-harvesting antennae found in nature, and they are constructed from hundreds of thousands of self-assembled bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d, or e pigments. Because they form very large and compositionally heterogeneous organelles, they had been the only photosynthetic antenna system for which no detailed structural information was available. In our approach, the structure of a member of the chlorosome class was determined and compared with the wild type (WT) to resolve how the biological light-harvesting function of the chlorosome is established. By constructing a triple mutant, the heterogeneous BChl c pigment composition of chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacteria Chlorobaculum tepidum was simplified to nearly homogeneous BChl d. Computational integration of two different bioimaging techniques, solid-state NMR and cryoEM, revealed an undescribed syn-anti stacking mode and showed how ligated BChl c and d self-assemble into coaxial cylinders to form tubular-shaped elements. A close packing of BChls via π–π stacking and helical H-bonding networks present in both the mutant and in the WT forms the basis for ultrafast, long-distance transmission of excitation energy. The structural framework is robust and can accommodate extensive chemical heterogeneity in the BChl side chains for adaptive optimization of the light-harvesting functionality in low-light environments. In addition, syn-anti BChl stacks form sheets that allow for strong exciton overlap in two dimensions enabling triplet exciton formation for efficient photoprotection.
C-VeT , the UCLA Vehicular Testbed : An Open Platform for Vehicular Networking and Urban Sensing

In the last few years Wireless Vehicular networks have been in the limelight for their potential in many human applications such Road Safety, Info-Mobility, Infotainment, Environmental Monitoring, etc. The research community responded to the new emerging needs designing a number of applications, algorithms, and protocols to cope with the vehicular environment. Differently from tactical ad hoc networks, vehicular networks present several new challenges including: high-speed mobility of the nodes, (resulting in a relatively short contact time), constrained mobility models, harsh propagation environment, high radio interference, and frequent network disruption in urban sparse traffic. Hence, a totally new network paradigm is needed. In this position paper we argue Vehicular Testbeds as the ideal playground to study the behavior of a new class of vehicular applications and protocols in an highly realistic environment; yet maintaining control on the experimental scenarios and the ability to perform large scale experiments through the integration of testbeds and simulation tools.
Book Review : The Measurement of Personality H. J. Eysenck (Ed.) Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1976

The Measurement of Personality is a selected collection of 67 papers organized into 10 sections: Models of Personality (5 papers); The Physiological Basis of Personality (7 papers); Pain, Sensory Deprivation, and Sensation Seeking (8 papers); Personality and Vigilance (6 papers); Psychomotor Behavior (6 papers); Personality and Perceptual Reactions (8 papers); Learning and Conditioning (9 papers); Memory and Recall (6 papers); Cognition and Creativity (7 papers); and Social Behaviour (5 papers). As well as writing or collaborating on 9 of the papers, the editor contributed a 10-page general foreword to the book and 27 pages of original introductions to the sections. The individual papers
A Comparison of the Effects of Direct Instruction and Remedial English Classes on the Spelling Skills of Secondary Students

Abstract A 2x2 factorial design using 72 Australian Year 7 students (aged 11.50 years to 12.75 years) was employed to determine the relative effects of exposure to Morphographic Spelling and attendance at remedial English classes on children's spelling scores as measured by three independent variables (Schonell Graded Word Spelling Test, Peters’ Dictation Test and Primary Revision Spelling Test). Analysis of covariance procedures were used and the results indicate a strong effect for exposure to the Morphographic Spelling Programme, but with a non‐significant effect for the attendance at remedial English classes.
The Convex Minorant of the Cauchy Process

We determine the law of the convex minorant $(M_s, s\in [0,1])$ of a real-valued Cauchy process on the unit time interval, in terms of the gamma process. In particular, this enables us to deduce that the paths of $M$ have a continuous derivative, and that the support of the Stieltjes measure $dM'$ has logarithmic dimension one.
Rationalization in garages in the Netherlands and its effects on occupational health

Abstract In this study, various hypotheses were tested in relation to car mechanics working in a sample of domestic car garages in South Limburg, The Netherlands. These concerned the negative relationships between the degree of control over the work process, and occupational strain, blood pressure, skin disorders and problems in the locomotor system. The relevant intermediate variables used were task latitude, social support from supervisor and colleagues, and positive appreciation (which were expected to weaken the major hypothesized relationships), and time pressure, mental load, and involuntary task interruption (which were expected to strengthen the major hypothesized relationships). The analysis also included the possible effects of age and seniority. Controls based on craft methods, blood pressure and skin disorders were measured through observation. The effect of controls based on craft methods, and occupational strain were demonstrated. Effects were also shown of occupational strain on diastolic b.
A randomized comparison of all transretinoic acid (ATRA) followed by chemotherapy and ATRA plus chemotherapy and the role of maintenance therapy in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. The European APL Group.

All transretinoic acid (ATRA) followed by daunorubicin (DNR)-AraC chemotherapy (CT) has improved the outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by comparison to CT alone. In a randomized trial, (1) we compared 2 induction schedules (ATRA followed by CT [ATRA-->CT] and ATRA plus CT [ATRA+CT, with CT added on day 3 of ATRA treatment]) and (2) we assessed the role of maintenance treatment. Four hundred thirteen patients </=75 years of age and with newly diagnosed APL were included. Induction treatment was stratified on white blood cell (WBC) count and age: patients </=65 years of age and with an initial WBC count of </=5,000/microL (n = 208) were randomized between ATRA-->CT and ATRA+CT (initially randomized patients); patients with a WBC count greater than (high WBC count group, n = 163) and patients 66 to 75 years of age with a WBC count greater than 5,000/microL (elderly group, n = 42) were not initially randomized and received ATRA+CT from day 1 and ATRA -->CT, respectively. All patients achieving CR received 2 additional DNR-AraC courses (only 1 in patients 66 to 75 years of age) and were then randomized for maintenance between no treatment, intermittent ATRA (15 days every 3 months) for 2 years, continuous low-dose CT (6 mercaptopurine + methotrexate) for 2 years, or both, using a 2-by-2 factorial design. Overall, 381 (92%) of the patients achieved complete remission (CR), 31 (7%) suffered an early death, and only 1 patient had leukemic resistance. ATRA syndrome occurred in 64 patients (15%) and was fatal in 5 cases. The CR rate was similar in all induction treatment groups. Event-free survival (EFS) was significantly lower in the high WBC group (P =.0002) and close to significance in the elderly group (P =.086) as compared with initially randomized patients. Relapse at 2 years was estimated at 6% in the ATRA+CT group, versus 16% in the ATRA-->CT group (P =.04, relative risk [RR] =.41). EFS at 2 years was estimated at 84% in the ATRA+CT group, versus 77% in the ATRA-->CT group (P =.1, RR =.62). Two hundred eighty-nine patients were randomized for maintenance. The 2-year relapse rate was 11% in patients randomized to continuous maintenance CT and 27% in patients randomized to no CT (P =.0002) and 13% in patients randomized to intermittent ATRA and 25% in patients randomized to no ATRA (P =.02). An additive effect of continuous maintenance CT and intermittent ATRA was seen, and only 6 of the 74 patients who received both maintenance treatments had relapsed. Overall survival was improved in patients who received maintenance CT (P =.01), and there was a trend for better survival in patients who received maintenance ATRA (P =.22). Our findings strongly suggest that early addition of chemotherapy to ATRA and maintenance therapy combining continuous CT and intermittent ATRA can reduce the incidence of relapse in APL. This effect already translates into significantly better survival for maintenance treatment with continuous CT.
Evaluations of co‐brands and spill‐over effects: further empirical results

Empirical studies in marketing research are usually single studies. This is problematic, as the majority of the replications conducted do not even partially much less fully confirm the results of the original studies. Against this background this paper presents two replications of an earlier co‐branding study. While the results of the replications confirm the basic model, some important differences between the original study and the replications can be shown. These will be discussed in this paper and possible explanations for the deviant outcomes will be given.
Bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention: can we still ignore the obvious?

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the most common cardiac invasive procedure to treat patients with coronary artery disease. In the USA, it is estimated that more than one million patients undergo PCI each year. Fearsome complications such as coronary dissection or acute vessel closure in the balloon angioplasty era have been largely mitigated with the introduction of coronary artery stents and the routine use of antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy. In the contemporary practice of interventional cardiology, it is recognised that bleeding has become the most common early complication associated with PCI. While the incidence of bleeding varies across studies, recent data from the USA found major bleeding occurs at a rate of 1.7% after PCI,1 about half from the site of arterial access and half from non-access locations, most commonly the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.1 As a practising clinician, it is easy to remember situations where a patient has undergone successful PCI and then suffered a major bleeding episode. Treating patients who bled after PCI is often complicated because one needs to consider the appropriate intervention to manage the active bleeding, to weigh the potential benefits and risks of withholding or withdrawing antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy and to evaluate whether red blood cell transfusion outweighs its potential adverse effects. Indeed, many factors directly relating to the bleeding itself and its management have been implicated to be associated with worse outcomes among patients who experienced bleeding after PCI procedures.2 In this issue of Open Heart, Kwok et al 3 make an important contribution to this field, by examining the relationship between bleeding complications in PCI and subsequent death. This comprehensive systematic review is one of the largest to date, with 38 published studies, …
Beneficial effects of a higher-protein breakfast on the appetitive, hormonal, and neural signals controlling energy intake regulation in overweight/obese, “breakfast-skipping,” late-adolescent girls123

Background: Breakfast skipping is a common dietary habit practiced among adolescents and is strongly associated with obesity. Objective: The objective was to examine whether a high-protein (HP) compared with a normal-protein (NP) breakfast leads to daily improvements in appetite, satiety, food motivation and reward, and evening snacking in overweight or obese breakfast-skipping girls. Design: A randomized crossover design was incorporated in which 20 girls [mean ± SEM age: 19 ± 1 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 28.6 ± 0.7] consumed 350-kcal NP (13 g protein) cereal-based breakfasts, consumed 350-kcal HP egg- and beef-rich (35 g protein) breakfasts, or continued breakfast skipping (BS) for 6 d. On day 7, a 10-h testing day was completed that included appetite and satiety questionnaires, blood sampling, predinner food cue–stimulated functional magnetic resonance imaging brain scans, ad libitum dinner, and evening snacking. Results: The consumption of breakfast reduced daily hunger compared with BS with no differences between meals. Breakfast increased daily fullness compared with BS, with the HP breakfast eliciting greater increases than did the NP breakfast. HP, but not NP, reduced daily ghrelin and increased daily peptide YY concentrations compared with BS. Both meals reduced predinner amygdala, hippocampal, and midfrontal corticolimbic activation compared with BS. HP led to additional reductions in hippocampal and parahippocampal activation compared with NP. HP, but not NP, reduced evening snacking of high-fat foods compared with BS. Conclusions: Breakfast led to beneficial alterations in the appetitive, hormonal, and neural signals that control food intake regulation. Only the HP breakfast led to further alterations in these signals and reduced evening snacking compared with BS, although no differences in daily energy intake were observed. These data suggest that the addition of breakfast, particularly one rich in protein, might be a useful strategy to improve satiety, reduce food motivation and reward, and improve diet quality in overweight or obese teenage girls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01192100.
Exercise-based interaction techniques for a virtual reality car racing game

Using Microsoft Kinect as a whole body motion tracking system and 3D user interface, we developed two exercise-based 3D interaction techniques for a car racing game - a genre of game traditionally unrelated to physical exercise. Interaction (i.e., control of car acceleration) is enabled through the use of two real exercises 1) a half crouching exercise, and 2) a crouching and rising exercise. In two within subjects user studies, with 27 participants in half crouching and another 30 participants in crouching and rising respectively, we compared exercises in-game to the same exercises without the game, focusing on the physiological and motivational impact of mapping exercises as interfaces to games.
Perirhinal and postrhinal cortices of the rat: A review of the neuroanatomical literature and comparison with findings from the monkey brain

This review is prompted by recent findings that the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices in the monkey brain are important components of the medial temporal lobe memory system. Given the potential impor- tance of the comparable regions to memory function in the rat brain, it is surprising that so little is known about their neuroanatomy. In fact, there are no comprehensive studies of the borders, cytoarchitecture, or connec- tions of the cortical regions surrounding the posterior portion of the rhi- nal sulcus in the rat. This review is meant to summarize the current state of our knowledge regarding these regions in the rat brain. Based on exist- ing data and our own observations, a new terminology is introduced that retains the term perirhinal cortex for the rostral portion of the region and renames the caudal portion the postrhinal cortex. Issues of continuing un- certainty are highlighted, and information gleaned from the monkey liter- ature is used to predict what anatomical traits the rat perirhinal region might demonstrate upon further examination. To the extent possible with available data, the similarities and differences of the rat and monkey perirhi- nal, postrhinal, and parahippocampal regions are evaluated.
Backpropagation uses prior information efficiently

The ability of neural net classifiers to deal with a priori information is investigated. For this purpose, backpropagation classifiers are trained with data from known distributions with variable a priori probabilities, and their performance on separate test sets is evaluated. It is found that backpropagation employs a priori information in a slightly suboptimal fashion, but this does not have serious consequences on the performance of the classifier. Furthermore, it is found that the inferior generalization that results when an excessive number of network parameters are used can (partially) be ascribed to this suboptimality.
Gene function beyond the single trait: natural variation, gene effects, and evolutionary ecology in Arabidopsis thaliana

The purpose of plant functional genomics is to describe the patterns of gene expression and internal plant function underlying the ecological functions that sustain plant growth and reproduction. Plants function as integrated systems in which metabolic and developmental pathways draw on common resource pools and respond to a relatively small number of signal/response systems. Plants are also integrated with their environment, exchanging energy and matter with their surroundings and are consequently sensitive to changes in energy and resource fluxes. These two levels of integration complicate the description of gene function. Internal integration results in single genes often affecting multiple characteristics (pleiotropy) and interacting with multiple other genes (epistasis). Integration with the external environment leads to gene expression and the genes' phenotypic effects varying across environmental backgrounds (gene-environment interaction). An accurate description of the function of all genes requires an augmentation, already underway, of the study of isolated developmental and metabolic pathways to a more integrated approach involving the study of genetic effects across scales of variation usually regarded as the purview of ecological and evolutionary research. Since the evolution of gene function also depends on this complex of gene effects, progress in evolutionary genetics will also require understanding the nature of gene interactions and pleiotropy and the constraints and patterns they impose on adaptive evolution. Studying gene function in the context of the integrated organism is a major challenge, best met by developing co-ordinated research efforts in model systems. This review highlights natural variation in A. thaliana as a system for understanding integrated gene function in an ecological and evolutionary context. The current state of this research integration in A. thaliana is described by summarizing relevant approaches, current knowledge, and some potentially fruitful future studies. By introducing some of the fundamental questions of ecological and evolutionary research, experimental approaches and systems that can reveal new facets of gene function and gene effect are also described. A glossary is included in the Appendix.