Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved macromolecular crystallography.

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Community benefits from offshore renewables: The relationship between different understandings of impact, community, and benefit

This paper presents the findings of a research project evaluating community benefit models for offshore renewables. We identify and analyse UK and international case studies of different forms of community benefit, and provide evidence of how such benefits are delivered. In particular we consider the key relationship between the identification of communities, perception of impact, and the apportionment of benefits. In doing so, we develop a range of different definitions of ‘community’, ‘benefit’, and ‘impact’ when considering community benefits. We propose that the way in which community, benefit, and impact are understood is crucial in determining whether or how benefits should be apportioned and delivered; and that these definitions are closely connected to each other. We develop a new series of typologies as a way to understand this. Finally, we assess different mechanisms and schemes of community benefits to identify good practice and key points of learning for policy and planning.
Different root exudates C/N ratios accelerate CO2 emission from paddy soil

Root exudates can greatly modify microbial activity and soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization. However, the mechanism of root exudation and its stoichiometric ratio of C/N controlling upon paddy soil C mineralization are poorly understand. In this study, we used a mixture of glucose, oxalic acid, and alanine as root exudate mimics, employing three C/N stoichiometric ratios (CN6, CN10, and CN80) to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in C mineralization. The input of root exudates enhanced CO2 emission by 1.8–2.3-fold than that of the control. Artificial root exudates with low C/N ratios (CN6 and CN10) increased the metabolic quotient (qCO2) by 12% over those obtained at higher stoichiometric ratios (CN80 and C-only), suggesting a relatively high energy demand for microorganisms to acquire organic N from SOM by increasing N-hydrolase production. The stoichiometric ratios of enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase to β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase) promoting organic C degradation compared to those involved in organic N degradation showed a significant positive correlation with qCO2; the stoichiometric ratios of microbial biomass (MBC/MBN) were positively correlated with carbon use efficiency. This suggests that root exudates with higher C/N ratios entail an undersupply of N for microorganisms, triggering the release of N-degrading extracellular enzymes. This in turn decreases SOM mineralization, implying the C/N ratio of root exudates to be a controlling factor. Our findings show that the C/N stoichiometry of root exudates controls C mineralization by the specific response of the microbial biomass through the release of C- and N-releasing extracellular enzymes to adjust for the microbial C/N ratio.
Artificial intelligence in neurodegenerative disease research : use of IBM Watson to identify additional RNA ‐ binding proteins

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by loss of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord, with concurrent muscle atrophy and is typically fatal within 2–5 years from diagnosis [1, 45]. The worldwide incidence of ALS is 1–3 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. However, considerable heterogeneity is associated with the disease at both the clinical and molecular levels, with variable sites of disease onset, variable rates of clinical disease progression, complex genetics, and a multitude of cell types involved in the disease process. Pathogenic cellular mechanisms are similarly multi-factorial, and include mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and presence of ubiquitinated neuronal and glial intracellular inclusions [52]. Approximately 10% of ALS is familial and genetic alterations in one of over 30 ALS genes have been linked to the disease [5, 7, 45, 52]. These familial ALS genes regulate a multitude of cellular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics and membrane trafficking (DCTN1, PFN1, VAP), cellular proteostasis and autophagy (SQSTM1, UBQLN2, OPTN) and RNA metabolism (TARDBP, FUS, MATR3, hnRNPA1, hnRNA2B1, TAF15), while the most common Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatments. Numerous RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been shown to be altered in ALS, with mutations in 11 RBPs causing familial forms of the disease, and 6 more RBPs showing abnormal expression/distribution in ALS albeit without any known mutations. RBP dysregulation is widely accepted as a contributing factor in ALS pathobiology. There are at least 1542 RBPs in the human genome; therefore, other unidentified RBPs may also be linked to the pathogenesis of ALS. We used IBM Watson® to sieve through all RBPs in the genome and identify new RBPs linked to ALS (ALS-RBPs). IBM Watson extracted features from published literature to create semantic similarities and identify new connections between entities of interest. IBM Watson analyzed all published abstracts of previously known ALSRBPs, and applied that text-based knowledge to all RBPs in the genome, ranking them by semantic similarity to the known set. We then validated the Watson top-ten-ranked RBPs at the protein and RNA levels in tissues from ALS and non-neurological disease controls, as well as in patientderived induced pluripotent stem cells. 5 RBPs previously unlinked to ALS, hnRNPU, Syncrip, RBMS3, Caprin-1 and NUPL2, showed significant alterations in ALS compared
Detection of Tuberculosis Based on Hybridized Pre-Processing Deep Learning Method

—The disease, tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health concern as it primarily affects the lungs and can lead to fatalities. However, early detection and treatment can cure the disease. One potential method for detecting TB is using Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems, which can analyze Chest X-Ray Images (CXR) for signs of TB. This paper proposes a new approach for improving the performance of CAD systems by using a hybrid pre-processing method for Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. The goal of the research is to enhance the accuracy and Area Under Curve (AUC) of detection for TB in CXR images by combining two different pre-processing methods and multi-classifying different manifestations of the disease. The hypothesis is that this approach will result in more accurate detection of TB in CXR images. To achieve this, this research used augmentation and segmentation techniques to pre-process the CXR images before feeding them into a pre-trained CNN model for classification. The VGG16 model managed to achieve an AUC of 0.935, an accuracy of 90% and a 0.8975 F1-score with the proposed pre-processing method.
Influenza D Virus in Cattle, Ireland

We detected influenza D virus in 18 nasal swab samples from cattle in Ireland that were clinically diagnosed with respiratory disease. Specimens were obtained from archived samples received for routine diagnosis during 2014–2016. Sequencing showed that viruses from Ireland clustered with virus sequences obtained in Europe within the D/swine/OK/1334/2011 clade.
Chronic pain in families: A cross-sectional study of shared social, behavioural, 1 and environmental influences

31 Chronic pain is common and creates significant burden to the individual and society. Emerging 32 research has shown the influence of the family environment on pain outcomes. However it is not clear 33 what shared factors between family members associate with chronic pain. This study aimed to 34 investigate the family level contribution to an individual’s chronic pain status. This was a cross 35 sectional study using the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study dataset. This study 36 focused on a nested cohort of dyads (only 2 relatives per family, n = 2714). Multilevel modelling was 37 first carried out to estimate the extent of variance in chronic pain at the family level. Then each 38 member of the dyad was randomly assigned as either the exposure or outcome family member and 39 logistic regression was used to identify shared factors associated with the outcome of chronic pain 40 status. Multilevel modelling showed just under 10% of variation in chronic pain status was at a family 41 level. There was an increase in odds of chronic pain if exposure family member had chronic pain (OR 42 1.30, 95% CI 1.02, 1.65), if both were female (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.99, 1.94), both older age (OR 1.80, 43 95% CI 1.31, 2.48), and if both had low household income (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.72, 6.21). These 44 findings show that the majority of explanation for chronic pain is still at the individual level. However 45 some significant shared effects between family members associate with chronic pain, and this highlights the influence of the family context.
Evaluation of the Implementation and Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Intervention to Improve Outcomes for People With HIV in the Washington, DC Cohort: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Gaps remain in achieving retention in care and durable HIV viral load suppression for people with HIV in Washington, DC (hereafter DC). Although people with HIV seeking care in DC have access to a range of supportive services, innovative strategies are needed to enhance patient engagement in this setting. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have shown promise in reaching previously underengaged groups and improving HIV-related outcomes in various settings. Objective: This study will evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of a clinic-deployed, multifeature mHealth intervention called PositiveLinks (PL) among people with HIV enrolled in the DC Cohort, a longitudinal cohort of people with HIV receiving care in DC. A cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted using a hybrid effectiveness-implementation design and will compare HIV-related outcomes between clinics randomized to PL versus usual care. Methods: The study aims are threefold: (1) We will perform a formative evaluation of PL in the context of DC Cohort clinics to test the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of PL and
Social cognition in early schizophrenia: exploratory factor analysis and subcortical biomarkers

Background: One of the central determinants of functional outcome in schizophrenia is social cognition (SC). With the wide array of SC domains, factor-analysis provides a powerful tool to identify commonalities amongst their underlying dysfunctions and its neural underpinnings. Methods: The present study performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on 93 patients with early course schizophrenia using eight validated SC subtests. Factors derived from this analysis were then used to investigate their relationships with neurocognitive performance, clinical symptoms, and functional outcome. Moreover, subsequent shape analysis of the amygdala and hippocampus was performed using the MAGeT Brain pipeline to investigate their relationship to the composite scores of SC factors. Results: EFA revealed a 3-factor solution, representing the domains of emotion management, emotion recognition, and theory of mind-social contextual appraisal, together accounting for 63.58% of the variance. Interestingly, only the theory of mindsocial context appraisal factor correlated with measures of functional outcome. Addition analysis revealed that higher score on the theory of mind factor is significantly related with higher functional outcome measures and verbal learning performance, as well as
Association of Visit-to-Visit Variability of Systolic Blood Pressure With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Primary Care Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus d A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study

A retrospective cohort studywas conducted in 124,105 Chinese adult primary care patients with T2DM and without prior diagnosed CVD from August 2008 to December 2009. The VVV of SBP was evaluated using SDs of SBP over 24months. The risks of CVD and all-cause mortality associated with variability in SBP were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Subgroup analysis was conducted by the stratification of age, sex, duration of diabetes mellitus, the presence of chronic kidney disease, baseline SBP and trend, and the number and class of antihypertensive drugs.
Geochemistry, mineralogy and genesis of gold deposits

The behaviour of gold in sedimentary, magmatic and postmagmatic processes are studied and 40 gold-bearing minerals including ten which were recently discovered are described. The results are presented of new experimental studies on phase relations in gold-sulphide systems. The solubility & form of gold migration in high-temperature chloride, sulphide and arsenic solutions are determined. Based on the new data, the genesis of gold deposits is studied and a geochemical classification proposed. This book is designed for specialists in the field of gold chemistry, geochemistry and mineralogy and for field geologists surveying and prospecting for gold.
emphysema extent on computed tomography is a highly specific index in diagnosing persistent airflow limitation: a real-world study in China

Objective: The diagnostic value of emphysema extent in consistent air flow limitation remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to assess the value of emphysema extent on computed tomography (CT) on the diagnosis of persistent airflow limitation. Furthermore, we developed a diagnostic criterion for further verification. Materials and methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent chest CT and lung function test. To be specific, 671 patients were enrolled in the derivation group (Group 1.1), while 479 patients were in the internal validation group (Group 1.2). The percentage of lung volume occupied by low attenuation areas (LAA%) and the percentile of the histogram of attenuation values were calculated. Results: In patients with persistent airflow limitation, the LAA% was higher and the percentile of the histogram of attenuation values was lower, compared with patients without persistent airflow limitation. Using LAA% with a threshold of - 950 HU . 1.4% as the criterion, the sensitivity was 44.3% and 47.2%, and the specificity was 95.2% and 95.7%, in Group 1.1 and Group 1.2, respectively. The specificity was influenced by the coexistence of interstitial lung disease, pneumothorax, and post-surgery, rather than the coexistence of pneumonia, nodule, or mass. Multivariable models were also developed. Conclusion: The emphysema extent on CT is a highly specific marker in the diagnosis of persistent airflow limitation.
Loss of Glutamatergic Pyramidal Neurons in Frontal and Temporal Cortex Resulting from Attenuation of FGFR1 Signaling Is Associated with Spontaneous Hyperactivity in Mice

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene products (Fgfr1, Fgfr2, Fgfr3) are widely expressed by embryonic neural progenitor cells throughout the CNS, yet their functional role in cerebral cortical development is still unclear. To understand whether the FGF pathways play a role in cortical development, we attenuated FGFR signaling by expressing a tyrosine kinase domain-deficient Fgfr1 (tFgfr1) gene construct during embryonic brain development. Mice carrying the tFgfr1 transgene under the control of the Otx1 gene promoter have decreased thickness of the cerebral cortex in frontal and temporal areas because of decreased number of pyramidal neurons and disorganization of pyramidal cell dendritic architecture. These alterations may be, in part, attributable to decreased genesis of T-Brain-1-positive early glutamatergic neurons and, in part, to a failure to maintain radial glia fibers in medial prefrontal and temporal areas of the cortical plate. No changes were detected in cortical GABAergic interneurons, including Cajal-Retzius cells or in the basal ganglia. Behaviorally, tFgfr1 transgenic mice displayed spontaneous and persistent locomotor hyperactivity that apparently was not attributable to alterations in subcortical monoaminergic systems, because transgenic animals responded to both amphetamine and guanfacine, an α2A adrenergic receptor agonist. We conclude that FGF tyrosine kinase signaling may be required for the genesis and growth of pyramidal neurons in frontal and temporal cortical areas, and that alterations in cortical development attributable to disrupted FGF signaling are critical for the inhibitory regulation of motor behavior.
The Story of Beau: Exploring the Potential of Generative Diaries in Shaping Social Perceptions of Robots

robot’s perspective and based on contextual information collected from the robot. Inspired by people’s use of social media (Burke et al., 2010), we suggest that generative diaries can be used for social interaction. We expected that designers could create non-physical traits, such as the robot’s character, to evoke intended social perceptions by intervening in the content or style of the text. Furthermore, recent advancements in language models offer the potential for complete automation of generative diaries’ use in interaction. Our central research question is whether and how the use of generative diaries can effectively influence a robot’s social perception in a designed interaction.
Purification and Characterization of ÃÂ²-galactosidase fromKluveromyces lactis Isolated from a Yoghurt Waste Site

Some properties of β-galactosidase extracted and purified from Kluyveromyces lactis isolated from a yoghurt waste site were investigated. The crude β-galactosidase isolated from Kluyveromyces lactis was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography. Specific activity of the partially purified enzyme was 107.50 μmole/min/mg of protein and a 7% yield. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 199 kDa as determined by gel filtration on Bio-gel P-200. The Michealis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) value obtained was 3.56 ± 0.62 mM and 0.61 ± 0.08 μmole/min/ml for the enzyme with ortho-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) substrate while the Km and Vmax was 18.01 ± 0.23 mM and 0.15 ± 0.04 mmol/20 min/L with lactose substrate. The optimum pH of purified enzyme was 7.5 and 6.5 with oNPG and lactose substrate respectively. The optimum temperature was 40°C with both substrates. This β-galactosidase may have applications in the conversion of whey a by-product of dairy industries into useful products.
An Approach of Test Case Generation with Software Requirement Ontology

—Software testing plays an essential role in software development process since it helps to ensure that the developed software product is free from errors and meets the defined specifications before the delivery. As the software specification is mostly written in the form of natural language, this may lead to the ambiguity and misunderstanding by software developers and results in the incorrect test cases to be generated from this unclear specification. Therefore, to solve this problem, this paper presents a novel hybrid approach, Software Req uirement Onto logies based Test Case Gen eration ( ReqOntoTestGen ) to enhance the reliability of existing software testing techniques. This approach enables a framework that combines ontology engineering with the software test case generation approaches. Controlled Natural Language (CNL) provided by the ROO (Rabbit to OWL Ontologies Au-thoring) tools is used by the framework to build the software requirement ontology from unstructured functional requirements. This eliminates the inconsistency and ambiguity of requirements before test case generation. The OWL ontology resulted from ontology engineering is then transformed into the XML file of data dictionary. Combination of Equivalence and Classification Tree Method (CCTM) is used to generate test cases from this XML file with the decision tree. This allows us to reduce redundancy of test cases and increase testing coverage. The proposed approach is demonstrated with the developed prototype tool. The contribution of the tool is confirmed by the validation and evaluation result with two real case studies, Library Management System (LMS) and Kidney Failure Diagnosis (KFD) Subsystem, as we expected.
Abstract—ad Hoc Networks Are Characterized by Multi-hop

wireless connectivity and frequently changing network topology. Forming security association among a group of nodes in ad-hoc networks is more challenging than in conventional networks due to the lack of central authority, i.e. fixed infrastructure. With that view in mind, group key management plays an important building block of any secure group communication. The main contribution of this paper is a low complexity key management scheme that is suitable for fully self-organized ad-hoc networks. The protocol is also password authenticated, making it resilient against active attacks. Unlike other existing key agreement protocols, ours make no assumption about the structure of the underlying wireless network, making it suitable for " truly ad-hoc " networks. Finally, we will analyze our protocol to show the computation and communication burden on individual nodes for key establishment.
Marine Fisheries Ecology

1. Marine fisheries ecology: an introduction2. Marine ecology and production processes3. Fished Species: life histories and distribution4. Population structure in space and time5. Fishing gears and techniques6. Fishers: socioeconomics and human ecology7. Single species stock assessment> 8. Multi-species assessment and ecosystem modelling9. Getting the data: stock identity and dynamics10. Getting the data: abundance, catch and effort11. Bioeconomics12. Fishing effects on populations and communities13. Bycatches and discards14. Impacts on benthic communities, habitats and coral reefs15. Fisheries interactions with birds and mammals16. A role for aquaculture? 17. Management and Conservation optionsReferences
The Biological Fate of Silver Nanoparticles from a Methodological Perspective

We analyzed the performance and throughput of currently available analytical techniques for quantifying body burden and cell internalization/distribution of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Our review of Ag NP biological fate data shows that most of the evidence gathered for Ag NPs body burden actually points to total Ag and not only Ag NPs. On the other hand, Ag NPs were found inside the cells and tissues of some organisms, but comprehensive explanation of the mechanism(s) of NP entry and/or in situ formation is usually lacking. In many cases, the methods used to detect NPs inside the cells could not discriminate between ions and particles. There is currently no single technique that would discriminate between the metals species, and at the same time enable localization and quantification of NPs down to the cellular level. This paper serves as an orientation towards selection of the appropriate method for studying the fate of Ag NPs in line with their properties and the specific question to be addressed in the study. Guidance is given for method selection for quantification of NP uptake, biodistribution, precise tissue and cell localization, bioaccumulation, food chain transfer and modeling studies regarding the optimum combination of methods and key factors to consider.