Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal Pre-proof Intelligent speech technologies for transcription, disease diagnosis, and medical equipment interactive control in smart hospitals: A review

The growing and aging of the world population have driven the shortage of medical resources in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fortunately, the rapid development of robotics and artificial intelligence technologies help to adapt to the challenges in the healthcare field. Among them, intelligent speech technology (IST) has served doctors and patients to improve the efficiency of medical behavior and alleviate the medical burden. However, problems like noise interference in complex medical scenarios and pronunciation differences between patients and healthy people hamper the broad application of IST in hospitals. In recent years, technologies such as machine learning have developed rapidly in intelligent speech recognition, which is expected to solve these problems. This paper first introduces IST’s procedure and system architecture and analyzes its application in medical scenarios. Secondly, we review existing IST applications in smart hospitals in detail, including electronic medical documentation, disease diagnosis and evaluation, and human-medical equipment interaction. In addition, we elaborate on an application case of IST in the early recognition, diagnosis, rehabilitation training, evaluation, and daily care of stroke patients. Finally, we discuss IST’s limitations, challenges, and future directions in the medical field. Furthermore, we propose a novel medical voice analysis system architecture that employs active hardware, active software, and human-computer interaction to realize intelligent and evolvable speech recognition. This comprehensive review and the proposed architecture offer directions for future studies on IST and its applications in smart hospitals.
Control of the chaotic regimes of nonlinear drift-waves in a magnetized laboratory plasma

Nonlinear drift-waves are experimentally studied in a cylindrical magnetized laboratory plasma. Low-dimensional chaotic regimes are controled using the time-delay autosynchronization method [K. Pyragas, Phys. Lett. A 170, 421 (1992)]. A significant reduction of spectral width in the power spectrum is obtained.
Surface plasmon-like modes on structured perfectly conducting surfaces

Surface plasmon-like (SPL) modes are the electromagnetic surface eigenmodes on structured perfect-conductor surfaces. The standard eigenvalue-solving method is adopted to solve these modes. The fields of the SPL modes are maximal on the conductor surface and decay exponentially into both the air and the structured conductor. On thin structured conductors, the SPL mode splits into a high-frequency anti-symmetric mode and a low-frequency symmetric mode. The SPL modes are slow-wave modes with the frequencies that approach an equivalent surface-plasmon frequency at large in-plane wavevectors. However, the interhole interaction prevents the dispersion relation from being generally described by an analytic equation.
Regulation of a prey-predator fishery by taxation

Bioeconomic exploitation of a prey-predator fishery is discussed by using a reasonable catch-rate function instead of the usual 'catch-per-unit-effort hypothesis'. The model is based on the assumption that only the prey species is harvested. A regulatory agency controls exploitation of the fishery by imposing a tax per unit biomass of the landed fish. The fishing effort is taken as a dynamic variable depending on the capital invested in the fishery. The dynamical system consisting of the growth equations of the species and also the fishing effort is formulated. The existence and stability of steady states are discussed. The optimal tax policy is studied with the help of Pontryagin's maximum principle. Finally, some numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the results of the model.
Nonparametric estimation for right-censored length-biased data: a pseudo-partial likelihood approach

To estimate the lifetime distribution of right-censored length-biased data, we propose a pseudo-partial likelihood approach that allows us to derive two nonparametric estimators. With its closed-form estimators and explicit limiting variances, this approach retains the simplicity of conditional analysis, and has only a small efficiency loss compared with the unconditional analysis. Under some regularity conditions, we show that the two estimators are uniformly consistent and converge weakly to Gaussian processes. A simulation study demonstrates that the proposed estimators have satisfactory finite-sample performance. Application to an Alzheimer's disease study is reported. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Applications of Speech Analysis in Psychiatry

Abstract The need for objective measurement in psychiatry has stimulated interest in alternative indicators of the presence and severity of illness. Speech may offer a source of information that bridges the subjective and objective in the assessment of mental disorders. We systematically reviewed the literature for articles exploring speech analysis for psychiatric applications. The utility of speech analysis depends on how accurately speech features represent clinical symptoms within and across disorders. We identified four domains of the application of speech analysis in the literature: diagnostic classification, assessment of illness severity, prediction of onset of illness, and prognosis and treatment outcomes. We discuss the findings in each of these domains, with a focus on how types of speech features characterize different aspects of psychopathology. Models that bring together multiple speech features can distinguish speakers with psychiatric disorders from healthy controls with high accuracy. Differentiating between types of mental disorders and symptom dimensions are more complex problems that expose the transdiagnostic nature of speech features. Convergent progress in speech research and computer sciences opens avenues for implementing speech analysis to enhance objectivity of assessment in clinical practice. Application of speech analysis will need to address issues of ethics and equity, including the potential to perpetuate discriminatory bias through models that learn from clinical assessment data. Methods that mitigate bias are available and should play a key role in the implementation of speech analysis.
When Is Air Travel Safe after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Sports-Related Concussion?

Abstract While the literature regarding return to play and recovery protocols from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and sports-related concussions (SRC) is growing, there continues to be a paucity of data regarding when air travel is safe for athletes after sustaining certain brain injuries, such as mTBI and SRC. Although it is known hypoxia can negatively affect severe TBI patients, it is unclear whether mild hypoxia, which may be experienced during commercial air travel, is clinically significant for athletes who have recently sustained mTBI injuries. Further research is required to provide more standardized recommendations on when air travel is safe. With the current available literature, clinicians still need to weigh the evidence, consider how it applies to each individual patient, and engage in shared decision making to ultimately decide what is best for the patient.
“Ditch the white coats”: What LGBTQ+ patients prefer in their primary care provider

ABSTRACT Background: Health disparities in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) individuals are well documented, and there is a dearth of primary care providers (PCPs) with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to sensitively care for this diverse population. Purpose: The purpose of this research study was to ask LGBTQ+ patients what qualities they prefer in their PCP. The findings will be used to better prepare nurse practitioners (NPs) to care for this diverse community and inform the training of future NPs to provide patient-centered care to LGBTQ+ individuals. Methodology: In this qualitative descriptive study, four focus groups were conducted remotely between December 2020 and January 2021 with self-identified LGBTQ+ patients of an LGBTQ+ health center in the northeast. Thematic analysis of the data elicited codes, categories, and themes. Strategies were implemented to promote trustworthiness of the results. Results: Twenty-eight participants shared the qualities they value in their PCP. Analysis revealed four themes: “Ditch the white coats”; “Meet me where I am”; “The relationship is key”; and “Be knowledgeable about and comfortable with LGBTQ+ people and their health care needs. ” Conclusions: The focus groups elucidated important information on caring for the LGTBQ+ communities and insights into what NPs must do to provide patient-centered care to this diverse population. Implications: These findings can improve practice through a better understanding of LGBTQ+ patients' perspectives. Additionally, this study demonstrates the feasibility of directly asking our patients what they want in their health care provider.
Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Variabilities of Gross Primary Production Using MAIAC MODIS Data

Remotely sensed vegetation indices (RSVIs) can be used to efficiently estimate terrestrial primary productivity across space and time. Terrestrial productivity, however, has many facets (e.g., spatial and temporal variability, including seasonality, interannual variability, and trends), and different vegetation indices may not be equally good at predicting them. Their accuracy in monitoring productivity has been mostly tested in single-ecosystem studies, but their performance in different ecosystems distributed over large areas still needs to be fully explored. To fill this gap, we identified the facets of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) that could be monitored using RSVIs. We compared the temporal and spatial patterns of four vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, NIRV, and CCI), derived from the MODIS MAIAC data set and of GPP derived from data from 58 eddy-flux towers in eight ecosystems with different plant functional types (evergreen needle-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, open shrubland, grassland, cropland, and wetland) distributed throughout Europe, covering Mediterranean, temperate, and boreal regions. The RSVIs monitored temporal variability well in most of the ecosystem types, with grasslands and evergreen broad-leaved forests most strongly and weakly correlated with weekly and monthly RSVI data, respectively. The performance of the RSVIs monitoring temporal variability decreased sharply, however, when the seasonal component of the time series was removed, suggesting that the seasonal cycles of both the GPP and RSVI time series were the dominant drivers of their relationships. Removing winter values from the analyses did not affect the results. NDVI and CCI identified the spatial variability of average annual GPP, and all RSVIs identified GPP seasonality well. The RSVI estimates, however, could not estimate the interannual variability of GPP across sites or monitor the trends of GPP. Overall, our results indicate that RSVIs are suitable to track different facets of GPP variability at the local scale, therefore they are reliable sources of GPP monitoring at larger geographical scales.
An exact solution for the effective thermal conductivity of cracked bodies with oriented elliptical cracks

A microgeometry is constructed for a cracked body with oriented elliptical cracks and an exact analytic solution is derived for its effective thermal conductivity. It is proved that the prediction of the ‘‘generalized self‐consistent scheme’’ for the case of a cracked body with oriented elliptical cracks coincides with the obtained exact solution for the constructed microgeometry. Results are given for elliptical cracks of different aspect ratios.
Powered Flight of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Engines on Hayabusa Explorer

The electron cyclotron resonance ion engine has long life and high reliability because of electrodeless plasma generation in both the ion generator and the neutralizer. Four μ10s, each generating a thrust of 8 mN, specific impulse of 3200 s, and consuming 350 W of electric power, propelled the Hayabusa asteroid explorer launched on May 2003. After vacuum exposure and several baking runs to reduce residual gas, the ion engine system established continuous acceleration. Electric propelled delta-V Earth gravity assist, a new orbit change scheme that uses electric propulsion with a high specific impulse was applied to change from a terrestrial orbit to an asteroid-based orbit. In 2005, Hayabusa, using solar electric propulsion, managed to successfully cover the solar distance between 0.86 and 1.7 AU. It rendezvoused with, landed on, and lifted off from the asteroid Itokawa. During the 2-year flight, the ion engine system generated a delta-V of 1400 m/s while consuming 22 kg of xenon propellant and operating for 25,800 h.
Singing Corrugated Pipes

A corrugated tube open at both ends, with air flowing through the tube, sings notes which depend on the flow velocity and the length of the tube. The notes it sings are the natural harmonics of the tube. A given note will sing when the flow velocity is such that the “bump frequency” (frequency at which the air bumps into the corrugations) equals the frequency of the note, provided also that the flow velocity is sufficiently high to induce turbulent flow. For some tube diameters and corrugation lengths the critical minimum Reynolds number that I observe for singing agrees with the classical result Rmin = 2000 observed by Reynolds for turbulent flow in smooth tubes. For other lubes I observe singing at much smaller values of R. Three new musical instruments are described: the Water Pipe, the Gas-Pipe Corrugahorn Bugle, and the Gas-Pipe Blues Corrugahorn.
Analysis of the applicability of dynamic subgrid scale models in complex geometries

Germano et al. [2] proposed an algorithm for adapting the Smagorinsky model by automatically adjusting the constant C locally at each time step. In this way the model is more adaptable to the local turbulent state of the flow. However using the dynamic Smagorinsky model, high fluctuations of the model coefficient C are observed. Normally this problem is solved by averaging C over homogeneous directions. Due to this averaging, the applicability of this model is in question for complex geometries. In order to rectify this deficiency an ensemble average dynamic procedure (EADP) has been proposed by Carati et al. [1]. Simultaneous computations are done on n parallel processors. Averaging is not done over space, but over simultaneous realizations (R). This procedure was original tested for isotropic turbulence and is presently applied to turbulent channel flow. Main focus of this study is on the behaviour of the dynamic constant depending on the number of simultaneous runs.
Modeling and experimental realization of nanoantenna hybrid optical switching devices

We explore new types of plasmonic nanoantennas hybridized with semiconductor and metal oxide active materials to achieve controllable plasmonic switches. Theoretically, the response of the active material is tuned through the free carrier density, and the optical response of a rectangular dimer antenna with a photoconductive gap loading is simulated using a COMSOL finite element numerical model. We describe the experimental realization of plasmonic antenna hybrids using an indium tin oxide (ITO) active medium.
Almost optimal skin detection approach within the Gaussian framework

Skin detection plays an important role in many applications, including face detection, human motion analysis, and objectionable image filtering. We propose a novel skin detection approach named multiple Gaussian models (MGMs). This approach combines multiple single Gaussian models and determines each model in order to maximize the true positive rate (TPR) of skin detection subject to a fixed predefined false positive rate (FPR). We derive the discrete and continuous forms of MGM approaches in the paper. The proposed approach has almost optimal performance for a broad range of FPRs in the Gaussian framework. Moreover, it has low computational costs in skin detection for new image instances. Experimental results show that the MGM approach has better skin detection performance than previous methods within the Gaussian framework.
Fitting of x‐ray or neutron specular reflectivity of multilayers by Fourier analysis

The dependence of x‐ray or neutron specular reflectance on the scattering density has been linearized by modifying the Born approximation. This makes it possible to analyze the reflectivity curves by the Fourier transform method by using the box refinement technique. Thus, the phases of the scattered waves are iteratively obtained, by which the scattering density profile in layered systems can be directly evaluated. The validity of these modifications is demonstrated by some numerical examples. The box refinement technique requires fewer constraints to obtain the physically realistic scattering density than the least‐squares‐fitting method does.
N ° 2013 – 25 Estimating Gender Differences in Access to Jobs

This paper proposes a new measure of gender differences in access to jobs based on a job assignment model. This measure is the probability ratio of getting a job for females and males at each rank of the wage ladder. We derive a non-parametric estimator of this access measure and estimate it for French full-time executives aged 40 − 45 in the private sector. Our results show that the gender difference in the probability of getting a job increases along the wage ladder from 9% to 50%. Females thus have a significantly lower access to high-paid jobs than to low-paid jobs.
Asymptotic transition region theory for edge diffraction. II. Calculation of diffraction losses in multireflector antennas

For pt.I see ibid., vol.38, no.9, p.1350-8 (1990). Asymptotic formulas that can be used to calculate diffraction losses in a multireflector antenna without having to integrate rapidly varying fields over the reflector surfaces and the aperture are presented. Two kinds of losses caused by edge diffraction are considered: the reduction in antenna efficiency and the increase in spillover. The asymptotic formulas are obtained from the standard transition region field introduced in part I and are expressed in terms at the Delta rho defined there. >
Feedback of outflows in the Taurus Molecular Cloud

Abstract We collected 27 outflows from the literature and found 8 new ones in the FCRAO CO maps of the Taurus molecular cloud. The total kinetic energy of the 35 outflows is found to be about 3% of the gravitational potential energy from the whole cloud. The feedback effect due to the outflows is minor in Taurus.
Investigation into Crossover Regression in Compensatory Manual Tracking Tasks

This paper investigates the crossover-regression phenomenon in compensatory manual-control tasks. The adjustment, between-subject variation, and accuracy of linear human-operator models are analyzed in detail. A theoretical investigation into closed-loop error minimization will be presented. Our main hypothesis was that crossover regression is caused by an operator's inability to sufficiently decrease the time delays required to limit forcing-function resonance. To test the hypothesis and explore the use of linear-operator models in regressed conditions, an experiment very similar to McRuer's landmark 1965 experiment was conducted. A comparison between regressive and nonregressive conditions revealed that crossover regression is indeed a strategy to reduce forcing-function resonance. The bandwidth of the forcing-function signal at which participants regressed their crossover frequency was found to vary considerably between participants. In regressed conditions, the between-subject variability in frequency-domain performance increased. Additionally, the operator control behavior became increasingly nonlinear, resulting in larger uncertainties and a higher between-subject variability in the linear-model parameter estimates.
SOLID-STATE SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS

This paper reviews the state of the art of some new photoncounting detectors. We measured the performance of various commercial silicon, germanium, and InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in the 0.8- to 1.55-µm wavelength range. Optimized silicon devices reach 70% quantum efficiency at 800 nm and can work up to 1.1 µm. However, germanium and InGaAs SPADs are sensitive up to 1.4 and 1.6 mm, respectively, with a few percent quantum efficiency. In all samples we measured noise equivalent powers less than 10-15 W/Hz1/2. Compared with vacuum tubes, SPADs have different advantages such as reliability, roughness, low voltage and simple electronic requirements. Furthermore, it is easy to arrange them in the form of arrays, which are required in astronomy and luminescence measurements. Moreover we investigated the performance of a SPAD germanium quad sensor. By using proper driving electronics we avoided optical cross-talk between pixels and we present here the preliminary results of our experiments.
Height Dependence of Young's Modulus for Carbon Nanopillars Grown by Focused-Ion-Beam-Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition

We investigated the height dependence of the Young's modulus for carbon nanopillars grown by focused-ion-beam-induced chemical vapor deposition (FIB-CVD) using phenanthrene gas as a source material. Carbon nanopillars of different heights were grown by FIB-CVD at various growth times and a fixed ion-beam focal point. The growth heights ranged from 3.6 to 35.6 µm. The diameters at the bottoms of the pillars were nearly the same, 100 nm, and it increased as the growth progressed. Young's modulus of the carbon nanopillars was evaluated from resonant frequency for mechanical vibration using uniform and nonuniform models. Young's moduli differed for different growth heights for both of the models.
Maximal Operators Associated with Vector Polynomials of Lacunary Coefficients

Abstract We prove the ${{L}^{P}}({{\mathbb{R}}^{d}})(1<p\le \infty )$ boundedness of the maximal operators associated with a family of vector polynomials given by the form $\left\{ ({{2}^{{{k}_{1}}}}{{\mathfrak{p}}_{1}}(t),. ,{{2}^{{{k}_{d}}}}{{\mathfrak{p}}_{d}}(t)):t\in \mathbb{R} \right\}$ . Furthermore, by using the lifting argument, we extend this result to a general class of vector polynomials whose coefficients are of the form constant times ${{2}^{k}}$ .
Phase state and transport of non-Yukawa interacting macroparticles (complex plasma)

Phase state and transport of macroparticles forming fluid-like structures in a complex plasma is numerically studied for radial pair potentials of various types. Special attention is paid to non-Yukawa-type screening potentials. The parameters responsible for the phase state and microscopic dynamics of macroparticle motions are determined and investigated. Consequences for the particle condensation are discussed.