Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Breakpoint Generation for Debugging

In debugging processes breakpoints are frequently used toinspect and understand the run-time program behavior. Althoughmodern development environments provide convenient breakpointutilities, it mostly requires considerable human effort to createuseful breakpoints. Before setting a breakpoint or typing abreakpoint condition, developers usually have to make somejudgements and hypotheses based on their observations andexperiences. To reduce such kind of effort, we propose an approachto automatically generating breakpoints for debugging. We combinethe nearest neighbor queries method, dynamic program slicing, andmemory graph comparison to identify suspicious program statementsand states. Based on this information, breakpoints are generated anddivided into two groups, where the primary group containsconditional breakpoints and the secondary group containsunconditional ones. We implement the presented approach on top ofthe Eclipse JDT platform. Our objective experiments and user studyindicate that the generated breakpoints can be effective in aiding debugging work.
Optimization of Network Bandwidth Allocation in Xen

Through virtualization, a plurality of servers can be simulated on a single physical machine. The sharing of hardware resources of one physical machine by multiple virtual servers greatly improves resource utilization. The key to virtualization is how to handle the allocation and management of hardware resources among competing virtual machines. One type of hardware resource that has not been fully studied in this regard is network bandwidth, which, if dealt poorly, can have significant negative impact on the performance of a server cluster. This paper analyzes the bandwidth allocation strategy of Xen, an open source hypervisor. We find that Xen uses a static network allocation approach that is based on the parameters specified in a configuration file. Such approach greatly limits the utilization of network resource. To overcome this drawback, this paper presents a dynamic bandwidth allocation strategy based on the demand and priority of each virtual machine. Our evaluation demonstrates that the proposed solution makes much better use of network resources with relatively low overhead.
Interactions between child behavior patterns and parenting: implications for children's unintentional injury risk.

OBJECTIVES Two factors were considered as predictors of children's risk for unintentional injury: (a) children's temperamentally difficult behavior patterns and (b) parenting. Along with hypotheses to replicate previous univariate effects, it was hypothesized that active, involved parents with sufficient time resources might reduce injury risk among temperamentally at-risk children. METHODS Study 1 used a retrospective design with a diverse sample of over 10,000 5-year-olds. Study 2 replicated Study 1 using a prospective design and behavioral data from a sample of over 1,000 children followed from 6 to 36 months of age. RESULTS In Study 1, male gender, child hyperactivity, and family poverty predicted injury in a univariate manner. In Study 2, male gender and lack of positive parenting predicted injury in a univariate manner. Interaction effects also emerged: in Study 1 the interaction between child hyperactivity and parental time resources protected children from injury, and in Study 2 the interaction between child's difficult temperament and positive parenting protected children from injury. CONCLUSIONS Children at increased risk for injury, i.e., those with hyperactive and difficult behavior patterns, might be protected in the environment of positive parenting. Theoretically, results suggest that researchers should consider Temperament x Environment interactions along with univariate predictors of outcome behavior. From an applied perspective, results have implications for the design of injury prevention campaigns: Parents who spend positive time with temperamentally difficult children might protect them from injury.
Developing corpus of Japanese-English Singular Sentence Textual Entailment

There is an increasing interest against cross lingual textual entailment (CLTE), which is one of the important tasks to improve cross lingual information reliablity, in recent years. This paper describes our ongoing project to develope a Japanese-English CLTE corpus consisting of many singular sentence pairs which are labeled as either entailed or unentailed. This paper proposes (1) using a bilingual parallel corpus as a source of CLTE singular sentence pairs and (2) using the hierachical document structure of the source parallel corpus to select appropriate sentence pairs among vast possible ones. The experiment against Japanese-English Bilingual Corpus of Wikipedia's Kyoto Articles shows that our proposing method is more promising to construct a CLTE corpus than a random sampling method.
COMPARISONS OF STRUCTURE AND LIFE SPAN IN ROOTS AND LEAVES AMONG TEMPERATE TREES

Global data sets provide strong evidence of convergence for leaf structure with leaf longevity such that species having thick leaves, low specific leaf area, low mass-based nitrogen concentrations, and low photosynthetic rates typically exhibit long leaf life span. Leaf longevity and corresponding leaf structure have also been widely linked to plant potential growth rate, plant competition, and nutrient cycling. We hypothesized that selection forces leading to variation in leaf longevity and leaf structure have acted simultaneously and in similar directions on the longevity and structure of the finest root orders. Our four-year study investigated the links between root and leaf life span and root and leaf structure among 11 north-temperate tree species in a common garden in central Poland. Study species included the hardwoods Acer pseudoplatanus L. , Acer platanoides L. , Fagus sylvatica L. , Quercus robur L. , and Tilia cordata Mill. ; and the conifers Abies alba Mill. , Larix decidua Mill. , Picea abies (L.) Karst. , Pinus nigra Arnold, Pinus sylvestris L. , and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco. Leaf life span, estimated by phenological observations and needle cohort measurements, ranged from 0.5 to 8 yr among species. Median fine-root life span, estimated using minirhizotron images of individual roots, ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 yr among species. Root life span was not correlated with leaf life span, but specific root length was significantly correlated with specific leaf area. Root nitrogen : carbon ratio was negatively correlated with root longevity, which corroborates previous research that has suggested a trade-off between organ life span and higher organ N concentrations. Specific traits such as thickened outer tangential walls of the exodermis were better predictors of long-lived roots than tissue density or specific root length, which have been correlated with life span in previous studies. Although theories linking organ structure and function suggest that similar root and leaf traits should be linked to life span and that root and leaf life span should be positively correlated, our results suggest that tissue structure and longevity aboveground (leaves) can contrast markedly with that belowground (roots).
Be careful when designing semantic databases: Data and concepts redundancy

Recently, ontologies have been widely adopted by small, medium and large companies in various domains. These ontologies may contain redundant concepts (computed from primitive concepts). At the beginning of the development of ontologies, the relationship between them and the database was weakly coupled. With the explosion of semantic data, persistent solutions to ensure a high performance of applications were proposed. As a consequence, a new type of database, called semantic database (SDB) is born. Several types of SDB have been proposed and supported by different DBMS, where each one has its architecture and its storage layouts for ontologies and its instances. At this stage, relationship between databases and ontologies becomes strongly coupled. As a consequence, several research studies were proposed on the physical design phase of SDB. To guarantee the similar success that relational databases got, SDB has to be supported by complete design methodologies and tools including the different steps of the database life cycle. Such methodology should identify the redundancy embedded into ontology. In this paper, we propose a design methodology dedicated to SDB including the main phases of the lifecycle of the database development: conceptual, logical, deployment and physical. The conceptual design of SDB can be easily performed by exploiting the similarities between ontologies and conceptual models. The logical design phase is performed thanks to the incorporation of dependencies between concepts and properties in the ontologies. These dependencies are quite similar to the principle of functional dependencies defined in the traditional databases. Due to the diversity of the SDB architectures and the variety of the used storage layouts (horizontal, vertical, binary) to store and manage ontological data, we propose a SDB deployment à la carte. Finally, a prototype implementing our design approach on Oracle 11g is outlined.
Saving Electrical Power in a Surveillance Environment

This paper proposes a smart video surveillance system with real-time moving object (primarily human) detection and identification for solving the problem of excessive power consumption in indoor public places. The proposed detection system is able to handle several known constraints such as changing illumination conditions, occlusion, clutter or even irrelevant extraneous motion. It keeps track of the number of humans in the vicinity and takes measures to gradually increase or decrease the luminosity depending on the number of people within its sight.
Investigating the Impacts of Recommendation Agents on Impulsive Purchase Behaviour

The usage of recommendation agents (RAs) in the online marketplace can help consumers to locate their desired products. RAs can help consumers effectively obtain comprehensive product information and compare their candidate target products. As a result, RAs have affected consumers shopping behaviour. In this study, we investigate the usage and the influence of RAs in the online marketplace. Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model, we propose that the stimulus of using RAs (informativeness, product search effectiveness and the lack of sociality stress) can affect consumers attitude (perceived control and satisfaction), which further affects their behavioural outcomes like impulsive purchase. We validate this research model with survey data from 157 users of RAs. The data largely support the proposed model and indicate that the RAs can significantly contribute to impulsive purchase behaviour in online marketplaces. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.
Child-Robot Interaction: Social Bonding, Learning and Ethics

This workshop aims to exchange experiences with issues surrounding Child-Robot Interaction. More specifically, the main aims are to discuss how social bonding between children and robots can be evaluated, how robots can be used to aid children in their learning process, but also what ethical issues arise when children learn from and bond with a robot. Another aim is to discuss how teachers’ and caretakers’ perspectives on children’s use of robots should be taken into account when designing and evaluating robots for children.
Axon Regeneration in Goldfish and Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells: Differential Responsiveness to Carbohydrates and cAMP

Mammalian retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) do not normally regenerate their axons through an injured optic nerve, but can be stimulated to do so by activating macrophages intraocularly. In a cell culture model of this phenomenon, we found that a small molecule that is constitutively present in the vitreous, acting in concert with macrophage-derived proteins, stimulates mature rat RGCs to regenerate their axons if intracellular cAMP is elevated. In lower vertebrates, RGCs regenerate their axons spontaneously in vivo, and in culture, the most potent axon-promoting factor for these cells is a molecule that resembles the small vitreous-derived growth factor from the rat. This molecule was isolated chromatographically and was shown by mass spectrometry to be a carbohydrate. In agreement with this finding, d-mannose proved to be a potent axon-promoting factor for rat RGCs (ED50 ∼10 μm); this response was cAMP-dependent and was augmented further by macrophage-derived proteins. Goldfish RGCs showed far less selectivity, responding strongly to either d-mannose or d-glucose in a cAMP-independent manner. These findings accord well with the success or failure of optic nerves to regenerate in higher and lower vertebrates in vivo. The axon-promoting effects of mannose are highly specific and are unrelated to energy metabolism or glycoprotein synthesis.
A Comparison of Monte-Carlo Methods for Phantom Go

Throughout recent years, Monte-Carlo methods have considerably improved computer Go programs. In particular, Monte-Carlo Tree Search algorithms such as UCT have enabled significant advances in this domain. Phantom Go is a variant of Go which is complicated by the condition of imperfect information. This article compares four Monte-Carlo methods for Phantom Go in a self-play experiment: (1) Monte-Carlo evaluation with standard sampling, (2) MonteCarlo evaluation with all-as-first sampling, (3) UCT with late random opponent-move guessing heuristic, and (4) UCT with early probabilistic opponent-move guessing heuristic. Our experimental findings indicate that Monte-Carlo methods can be applied to Phantom Go effectively. Surprisingly, Monte-Carlo Tree Search performs comparable to Monte-Carlo evaluation but not much better.
Factors associated with FEV1 decline in cystic fibrosis: analysis of the ECFS Patient Registry

Pulmonary insufficiency is the main cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF). We analysed forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) data of 14 732 patients registered in the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry (ECFSPR) database in 2007. We used linear and logistic regressions to investigate associations between FEV1 % predicted and clinical outcomes. Body mass index (BMI), chronic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pancreatic status and CF-related diabetes (CFRD) showed a statistically significant (all p<0.0001) and clinically relevant effect on FEV1 % pred after adjusting for age. Patients with a lower BMI experience a six-fold increased odds ratio (95% CI 5.0–7.3) of having severe lung disease (FEV1 <40% pred) compared to patients with normal BMI. Being chronically infected with P. aeruginosa increases the odds ratio of severe lung disease by 2.4 (95% CI 2.0–2.7), and patients with pancreatic insufficiency experience a 2.0-fold increased odds ratio (95% CI 1.6–2.5) of severe lung disease compared to pancreatic sufficient patients. Patients with CFRD have a 1.8-fold increased odds ratio (95% CI 1.6–2.2) compared to patients not affected. These potential risk factors for pulmonary disease in patients with CF are to some degree preventable or treatable. We emphasise the importance of their early identification through frequent routine tests, the implementation of infection control measures, and a timely initiation of relevant therapies. Independent effect of nutrition, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and CF-related diabetes on FEV1 in CF patients http://ow.ly/qhAXJ
Particle Morphology and Density Characterization by Combined Mobility and Aerodynamic Diameter Measurements. Part 2: Application to Combustion-Generated Soot Aerosols as a Function of Fuel Equivalence Ratio

Composition, shape factor, size, and fractal dimension of soot aerosol particles generated in a propane/O2, flame were determined as a function of the fuel equivalence ratio (φ). Soot particles were first size-selected by a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and then analyzed by an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). The DMA provides particles of known mobility diameter (dm ). The AMS quantitatively measures the mass spectrum of the nonrefractory components of the particles and also provides the vacuum aerodynamic diam eter (dva ) corresponding to the particles of known mobility diameter. The measured dm, dva , and nonrefractory composition are used in a system of equations based on the formulation presented in the companion article to estimate the particle dynamic shape factor, total mass, and black carbon (BC) content. Fractal dimension was estimated based on the mass-mobility relationship. Two types of soot particles were observed depending on the fuel equivalence ratio. Type 1: for φ < 4 (lower propane/O2), dva ; was nearly constant and independent of dm . The value of dva increased with increasing φ. Analysis of the governing equations showed that these particles were highly irregular (likely fractal aggregates), with a dynamic shape factor that increased with dm and φ. The fractal dimension of these particles was approximately 1.7. These particles were composed mostly of BC, with the organic carbon content increasing as φ increased. At φ = 1.85, the particles were about 90% BC, 5% PAH, and 5% aliphatic hydrocarbon (particle density = 1.80 g/cm3). Type 2: for φ > 4 (high propane/O2), dva was linearly proportional to dm . Analysis of the governing equations showed that these particles were nearly spherical (likely compact aggregates), with a dynamic shape factor of 1.1 (versus 1 for a sphere) and a fr actal dimension of 2.95 (3 for a sphere). These particles were composed of about 50% PAH, 45% BC, and 5% aliphatic hydrocarbons (particle density = 1.50 g/cm3). These results help interpret some measurement s obtained in recent field studies.
Diet and childhood asthma in a society in transition: a study in urban and rural Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND The causes of the worldwide increases in asthma and allergic diseases in childhood, which seem to relate to increasing prosperity, are unknown. We have previously hypothesised that a reduction in the antioxidant component of the diet is an important factor. An investigation was undertaken of dietary and other risk factors for asthma in Saudi Arabia where major lifestyle differences and prevalences of allergic disease are found in different communities. METHODS From a cross sectional study of 1444 children with a mean age of 12 (SD 1) years in Jeddah and a group of rural Saudi villages, we selected 114 cases with a history of asthma and wheeze in the last 12 months and 202 controls who had never complained of wheeze or asthma, as recorded on the ISAAC questionnaire. Risk factors for asthma and allergies (family history, social class, infections, immunisations, family size, and diet) were ascertained by questionnaire. Atopy was assessed by skin prick testing. RESULTS In univariate analyses, family history, atopy, and eating at fast food outlets were significant risk factors for wheezy illness, as were the lowest intakes of milk and vegetables and of fibre, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. These differences were present also in the urban children considered separately. Sex, family size, social class, infections, and parental smoking showed no relationship to risk. In multiple logistic regression analysis, urban residence, positive skin tests, family history of allergic disease, and the lowest intakes of vitamin E, magnesium and sodium related significantly and independently to risk. The lowest tertile of intake of vitamin E was associated with a threefold (95% CI 1.38 to 6.50) increase in risk when adjusted for the other factors. Intake of milk and vegetables both showed inverse linear relationships to being a case. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that dietary factors during childhood are an important influence in determining the expression of wheezy illness, after allowing for urban/rural residence, sex, family history, and atopy. The findings are consistent with previous studies in adults and with the hypothesis that change in diet has been a determinant of the worldwide increases in asthma and allergies.
THIS PAPER APPEARED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORK- SHOP ON TRANSFORMS AND FILTER BANKS, BRANDENBURG AN DER HAVEL, GER-

Orthogonal M-channel uniform linear-phase filter banks (GenLOT) can be designed and implemented using lattice structure. This paper discusses the conditions of the lattice structures that yield regular GenLOTs. For one regularity, the relations among the plane rotation angles in the lattice structure will be derived, and can be used to design regular GenLOTs. Since the conditions for higher degree of regularity are much more complex, in the paper, we shall study these conditions for two regularities. Some examples of filter bank designs are presented, and applied to image coding. The simulation results show that filter bank with higher degree of regularity provides smoother reconstruction images.
Fast Multiharmonic Active Load–Pull System With Waveform Measurement Capabilities

A novel fast multiharmonic active load-pull system is presented, which allows for the acquisition of the complete voltage and current waveforms. The system is capable of measuring multiple different load impedance or input power states within a short time instance (typically 180 states within 20 ms). It also facilitates high-power capability (up to 100 W) and high-frequency operation (up to 50 GHz). Furthermore, the dynamic range at the higher order harmonics is significantly improved by introducing an equalizer in cascade with the wideband harmonic samplers. A new algorithm for presenting the wanted load impedance to the device-under-test is also proposed. The method allows for simultaneous optimization on multiple harmonics, converging within five iterations. This method is applicable to all open loop active load-pull systems and could significantly reduce the number of iterations, hence reducing the measurement time. This paper provides a detailed description of the measurement system, including on-wafer verification measurements.
High throughput heavy hitter aggregation for modern SIMD processors

Heavy hitters are data items that occur at high frequency in a data set. They are among the most important items for an organization to summarize and understand during analytical processing. In data sets with sufficient skew, the number of heavy hitters can be relatively small. We take advantage of this small footprint to compute aggregate functions for the heavy hitters in fast cache memory in a single pass. We design cache-resident, shared-nothing structures that hold only the most frequent elements. Our algorithm works in three phases. It first samples and picks heavy hitter candidates. It then builds a hash table and computes the exact aggregates of these elements. Finally, a validation step identifies the true heavy hitters from among the candidates. We identify trade-offs between the hash table configuration and performance. Configurations consist of the probing algorithm and the table capacity that determines how many candidates can be aggregated. The probing algorithm can be perfect hashing, cuckoo hashing and bucketized hashing to explore trade-offs between size and speed. We optimize performance by the use of SIMD instructions, utilized in novel ways beyond single vectorized operations, to minimize cache accesses and the instruction footprint.