Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of Effects of the Eat Smart School Food Service Program: Results from the Catch-on Study

The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) Eat Smart Program targeted the food service of the 56 CATCH intervention elementary schools to effect positive changes in the total fat and saturated fat content of school lunch. Maintenance of the food service intervention in former intervention (n = 56) and control (n = 20) schools was evaluated 5 years postintervention. After 5 years of follow-up and no further intervention, the former CATCH intervention schools not only maintained prior levels but also had further decreases in the mean percentage of calories from total and saturated fat to 31% and 10.4%, respectively. Significant decreases in these nutrients were also observed in the former CATCH control schools; however, the former intervention schools more closely approached the Eat Smart goal for total fat. Overall, sodium levels rose in both school conditions and did not differ significantly at follow-up.
Migration and Labour Market Adjustment: Empirical evidence from Finland 1985‐90

This paper addresses the question of the role of migration as an adjustment process by analysing the relationship between unemployment and labour force mobility. The empirical analysis deals with long-distance migration in Finland in the period 1985-90. When considered within a multivariate setting in which personal and place characteristics are held constant, the results show that higher origin unemployment rates increase outmigration, but not particularly for unemployed workers. Three outcomes are deduced from the results. First, the equilibrating process of interregional migration is slow-although working in the right direction-and becomes steadily slower as regional unemployment differentials fall. Secondly, the size of high-unemployment regions, as measured in terms of the labour force, decreases during the adjustment process as employed persons also leave the region. Thirdly, high-unemployment regions in particular lose their young and educated workers. The danger of the process of cumulative causation is great in these regions.
A zinc-sensing receptor triggers the release of intracellular Ca2+ and regulates ion transport

Changes in extracellular zinc concentration participate in modulating fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, secretion, and ion transport in a mechanism that is not well understood. Here, we show that a micromolar concentration of extracellular zinc triggers a massive release of calcium from thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular pools in the colonocytic cell line HT29. Calcium release was blocked by a phospholipase-C inhibitor, indicating that formation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate is required for zinc-dependent calcium release. Zinc influx was not observed, indicating that extracellular zinc triggered the release. The Cai2+ release was zinc specific and could not be triggered by other heavy metals. Furthermore, zinc failed to activate the Ca2+-sensing receptor heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells. The zinc-induced Cai2+ rise stimulated the activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger in HT29 cells. Our results indicate that a previously uncharacterized extracellular, G protein-coupled, Zn2+-sensing receptor is functional in colonocytes. Because Cai2+ rise is known to regulate key cellular and signal-transduction processes, the zinc-sensing receptor may provide the missing link between extracellular zinc concentration changes and the regulation of cellular processes.
Alcohol and Drug Use Among Young Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury

The pre- and postinjury patterns of alcohol and illicit drug use of 87 persons with traumatic brain injury ages 16 to 20 were examined. Follow-up data were collected at two time intervals averaging 8 and 28 months postinjury. A comparison with large-sample studies revealed that patients had preinjury drinking patterns similar to those in the general population. A review of data provided evidence of a decline in alcohol use at initial follow-up; however, preinjury and second follow-up alcohol use patterns were similar. Analyses suggested that drinking quantity and frequency increased over time, perhaps eventually returning to postinjury levels. A review of the literature and the findings of the present investigation indicate that men and persons with a history of preinjury heavy drinking are at greatest risk for long-term alcohol abuse postinjury. Postinjury illicit drug use rates remained relatively low, falling below 10% at both follow-up intervals. Among persons taking prescribed medications, 17% reported moderate or heavy drinking at second follow-up.
The AIDS Epidemic: Challenges for Feminist Economics

Abstract Feminist economics can provide critical insights into understanding the HIV/AIDS epidemic – the disease's progression, its microeconomic and macroeconomic impacts, and the effectiveness of policy interventions. Yet, relatively little work has been or is being done by feminist economists on HIV/AIDS. In this paper, the editors briefly survey the recent social science literature on the gendered nature of the epidemic and identify key constructs of feminist economic theory that might be productively applied to understanding HIV/AIDS. For example, an analysis of safe sex within a game-theoretic bargaining framework would highlight the limitations of prevention efforts that focus on changing individual behavior and underscore the impact of gendered institutions on women's likelihood of infection and access to treatment. A gendered analysis of the microeconomic and macroeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS would contribute to a fuller understanding of the disease's impact on economic well-being. This paper challenges feminist economists to address these important research questions.
The Sustainable Communities Experiment in the United States

This paper documents and analyzes a portion of the U.S. government's attempt to adopt the concept of sustainability after 1992. Numerous case studies of individual sustainable community development projects exist, although almost no literature describes the coordinated federal-level effort to create and implement a sustainable development policy from 1993 to 2000. Case studies of three prominent federal-level sustainable community programs are developed from twenty guided interviews and existing government documents. The analysis of these three cases reveals serious attempts to translate sustainability into federal programs and changes in agency cultures despite institutional barriers. Although the primary outcome of these efforts was a stronger framework for facilitation of planning at the federal level, it still remains unclear why planners were not more involved in this process.
Allégement de la dette et chocs externes: Un modèle d'indexation appliqué au Cameroun

ABSTRACT Current debt relief mechanisms constitute a partial and sporadic response to the present crisis in many developing countries. In particular, they rarely take into account external shocks which are often the principal cause of the need for debt relief. We present a simple macro-economic model which takes these shocks explicitly into account in determining the level of debt relief required. Debt relief thus becomes a stabilizing mechanism which contributes to growth in developing countries and to their long-term capacity to reimburse their debt. The model is illustrated through an application to Cameroon.
Does occasional movement make pecking devices more attractive to domestic chicks?

1. Previous studies have shown that a bunch of string is a particularly attractive pecking stimulus for chicks and adult laying hens. Because movement is thought to be an important attribute of enrichment objects, this study determined whether occasional movement would affect the attractiveness of this device. 2. In experiment 1 the responses of pair-housed chicks to string were compared when devices in adjacent cages were either linked (so that pecking or pulling at the string in one cage moved the adjoining one) or not (separate). In experiment 2 the devices in half the cages were jigged remotely by the experimenter whereas the others remained static. In both cases, the string devices were introduced into the cages for 10 min on each of 5 consecutive days. 3. No treatment effects were apparent in experiment 1 when pooled data was analysed but comparison of responses on days 1 and 5 revealed that only the chicks presented with non-linked devices showed increased interest with repeated exposure. 4. Chicks given static devices in experiment 2 pecked sooner, more often and longer at them than did those exposed to similar ones that were jigged regularly by the experimenter. Jigged devices attracted slightly more pecking with repeated exposure, which may have reflected familiarityinduced fear-reduction, but chick responses showed no apparent changes from day 2 onwards. Conversely, rather than showing habituation, the chicks pecked progressively more at the static devices with repeated presentation. 5. The present results show that chicks pecked readily at bunches of white string, thus confirming its attractive properties but that static devices were more attractive than those incorporating occasional movement. These and previous findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the development of effective environmental enrichment.
Equal opportunity and affirmative action for South African women: a benefit or barrier?

Purpose – The paper aims to examine whether the South African government and its corporate organizations have been successful in employing women as professional equals by utilizing them fully in senior and top management positions after equal opportunity and affirmative action legislation was introduced by the democratic government.Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive and theoretical paper, and thus secondary data from previous studies are used as comparative analysis for discussions and examinations.Findings – Reaching top level positions is still uncommon for South Africa's women, as its corporate environment is not yet ready to accept women as professional equals, resulting in government legislation and policies working against women's growth and advancement instead of working in their favour. Suggestions are made for future studies to investigate what makes women worldwide flourish in government and public sector jobs, but fail in private and corporate sectors.Practical implications – Recommend.
Native welfare losses from high skilled immigration

This paper explores the effects of high skilled immigration to a host country with unionized low skilled labor and an unemployment insurance scheme. We show that such immigration can create a negative immigration surplus due to adverse effects on low skilled employment, provided that fiscal redistribution is not too intense and the elasticity between high and low skilled labor is high as empirical evidence suggests.
Redwood National Park Expansion: Impact on Old-Growth Redwood Stumpage Prices

The 1978 expansion of the Redwood National Park involved the federal government in the taking of a significant part of the remaining merchantable inventory of old-growth redwood timber. Although Congress initially paid stumpage owners about $380 million, the adequacy of this compensation has been the subject of litigation. ' One disputed point is whether anticipation of the taking resulted in a price increase for old-growth redwood stumpage, or price enhancement. The protagonists disagree about whether enhancement occurred, and if so, how much and when. The key is how anticipation changed the timber supply plans of the directly affected firms. A precise quantitative prediction of their response requires firm-specific harvest scheduling models which are not available. We argue, instead, that their planned intertemporal allocation of old-growth timber changes according to the predictions of an economic model of exhaustible resources. In
Human Face Image Searching System Using Sketches

This paper reports a human face image searching system using sketches. A two-phase method, namely, sketch-to-mug-shot matching and human face image searching using relevance feedback, is designed and developed. In the sketch-to-mug-shot matching phase, we have developed a facial feature matching algorithm using local and global features. A point distribution model is employed to represent local facial features while the global feature consists of a set of the geometrical relationship between facial features. It is found that the performance of the sketch-to-mug-shot matching is good if the sketch image looks like the mug shot image in the database. However, in some situations, it is hard to construct a sketch that looks like the photograph. To overcome this limitation, this paper makes use of the concept of ldquohuman-in-the-looprdquo and proposes a human face image searching algorithm using relevance feedback in the second phase. Positive and negative samples will be collected from the user. A feedback algorithm that employs subspace linear discriminant analysis for online learning of the optimal projection for face representation is then designed and developed. The proposed system has been evaluated using the FERET database and a Japanese database with hundreds of individuals. The results are encouraging.
Antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy in microlaryngeal surgery

Indications for antiplatelet and anticoagulation use are expanding. There is no evidence to direct therapeutic management in patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgeries. Our aim was to compare bleeding complications between microlaryngeal surgeries performed for patients preoperatively taken off and maintained on antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation therapy.
Pass-Through of External Shocks to Inflation in Sri Lanka

This paper investigates pass-through of external shocks (exchange rate, oil price, and import price shocks) to inflation in Sri Lanka. The analysis is based on a vector autoregression (VAR) model that incorporates a distribution chain of pricing. The paper finds low and incomplete pass-through of external shocks to consumer inflation, reflecting a combination of factors including the existence of administered prices, high content of food in the consumption basket, and low persistence and volatility of the exchange rate. External shocks explain about 25 percent of the variation in consumer price inflation, reflecting room for domestic policies in controlling inflation.
Interest Payments on Demand Deposits and Bank Investment Behavior

TH payment of interest on demand deposits was prohibited by the Banking Act of 1933, and subsequent legislation. Underlying the legislation is the belief that if banks are left free to offer interest on demand deposits, they will engage in investment activity that is unsafe for depositors. Conversely, advocates of an unregulated free market assert that there is no causal relationship between interest payments and the safety of the assets in which banks invest. Both assertions about the value of this legislation have been based largely on untested assumptions about the relation between payments of interest and the type and quality of assets in which banks invest rather than on empirical evidence.2 The purpose of this paper is to investigate this relationship empirically. Section I presents the assertions made
Consumer Demand for Major Foods in Egypt

This study provides information on the structure of the consumer demand for major foods in Egypt. The information is in the form of key parameters for consumer demand systems. The modern theory of consumer behavior is the basis for estimating systems of demand equations. These systems yield estimates of own- and cross-price elasticities. The Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LAIDS) model is applied in estimating a system of demand equations for food commodities. A full demand matrix results with a coherent and consistent set of price and expenditure elasticity estimates. Using the estimated own- and cross-price and expenditure elasticities, food and agricultural policies during the transformation to the market economy can be analyzed. A framework for utilizing the estimated demand parameters in forecasting is also presented.
Implication of prices for load management in electric power generation

The effects of current pricing policies on utility costs are examined in terms of the impact of user reactions on capital stock and cost minimization, as accomplished by the use of an optimal technology mix and a known demand pattern. Relative price increases are shown to have a diminishing effect on the adjustments of nonresidential users and to cause a corresponding decrease in optimal generation, although 30 percent of the total response, representing residential users, will have had the opposite effect. The equations also show that increases in output price will reduce the demand for all generating types. Because demand behavior is complex and utility prices are regulated and set by public utility commissions, estimates are imprecise, but the evidence suggests that it is important to take into consideration the effect of price impacts on different customer classes and on the cost of electric power. 14 references. (DCK)
Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: results of the Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study

Background: Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke has remained controversial. The Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study, a national prospective cohort study, was conducted to assess the effectiveness of alteplase therapy for ischemic stroke in actual practice. Methods: The study was mandated by the federal government as a condition of licensure of alteplase for the treatment of stroke in Canada. A registry was established to collect data over 2.5 years for stroke patients receiving such treatment from Feb. 17, 1999, through June 30, 2001. All centres capable of administering thrombolysis therapy according to Canadian guidelines were eligible to submit patient data to the registry. Data collection was prospective, and follow-up was completed at 90 days after stroke. Copies of head CT scans obtained at baseline and at 24–48 hours after the start of treatment were submitted to a central panel for review. Results: A total of 1135 patients were enrolled at 60 centres in all major hospitals across Canada. The registry collected data for an estimated 84% of all treated ischemic stroke patients in the country. An excellent clinical outcome was observed in 37% of the patients. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in only 4.6% of the patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4%–6.0%); however, 75% of these patients died in hospital. An additional 1.3% (95% CI 0.7%–2.2%) of patients had hemiorolingual angioedema. Conclusions: The outcomes of stroke patients undergoing thrombolysis in Canada are commensurate with the results of clinical trials. The rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was low. Stroke thrombolysis is a safe and effective therapy in actual practice.
Hedge Fund Managers With Psychopathic Tendencies Make for Worse Investors

It is widely assumed that psychopathic personality traits promote success in high-powered, competitive contexts such as financial investment. By contrast, empirical studies find that psychopathic leaders can be charming and persuasive, but poor performers who mismanage, bully, and engage in unethical behavior. By coding nonverbal behaviors displayed in semistructured interviews, we identified the psychopathic, Machiavellian, and narcissistic tendencies in 101 hedge fund managers, and examined whether these traits were associated with financial performance over the course of 10 diverse years of economic volatility (2005-2015). Managers with greater psychopathic tendencies produced lower absolute returns than their less psychopathic peers, and managers with greater narcissistic traits produced decreased risk-adjusted returns. The discussion focuses on the costs of Dark Triad traits in financial investment, and organizational leadership more generally.
Indian Medicinal Plants

an Red-wood" in English, and as " Rohun" in the Vernacular. It is common in Central India. The wood is of a red colour, strong, heavy and durable and well adapted for building purposes and for making articles of furniture ; it is not readily attacked by white ants. The bark, according to Ainslie, is "of a dingy red colour, and has a pleasant bitter taste, with a slight degree of austerity. " (A decoction of the bark dyes brown of various shades). Both the decoction and infusion of the bark are used in medicine ; but the tincture, according to the authority named, is said to be the most valuable. The Baids employ the bark in the treatment of malarial fevers, thus; six mnshas (equivalent to a drachm and half) of the bark are bruised and administered in combination with sugar or syrup, two or three
Accumulated safety data of micafungin in therapy and prophylaxis in fungal diseases

Objective: To define better the safety profile of micafungin, an analysis of micafungin clinical trial safety data was undertaken. Research design and methods: Adverse event data were pooled worldwide from 17 clinical efficacy and safety studies. Adverse events were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities version 5.0. Results: In the pooled clinical trial data set, 3028 patients received at least one dose of micafungin. The mean age of patients was 41.4 years; with 296 (9.8%) children (< 16 years) and 387 (12.8%) elderly patients (≥ 65 years). Common underlying conditions were hematopoietic stem cell and other transplantations (26.1%), malignancies (20.8%) and HIV (32.9%). Mean exposure was 18 days for adults and 29 days for children. The most frequently reported treatment-related adverse events were nausea (2.8%), vomiting (2.5%), phlebitis (2.5%), hypokalemia (2.1%), fever/pyrexia (2.1%) and diarrhea (2%), as well as increases in alkaline phosphatase (2.7%), aspartate aminotransferase (2.3%) and alanine aminotransferase (2%). Although elderly adults had a higher incidence of renal impairment (1%) compared with non-elderly adult (0.1%) and pediatric patients (0.3%), there were no clear trends showing an association between higher doses of micafungin or longer treatment durations and increased incidence rates of treatment-related adverse events. Conclusions: Analysis of a large database demonstrated a favorable clinical safety profile for micafungin similar to other echinocandins.
Get Out the Vote!: How to Increase Voter Turnout

Get Out the Vote! Is a practical guide for anyone trying to mobilize voters or organize at the grass roots. Unlike authors of other campaign advice books, Donald Green and Alan Gerber root their work firmly in rigorous science. Their recommendations emerge from thorough experiments conducted in real electoral settings, examining the impact and effectiveness of door-to-door canvassing, telephone calls, direct mail, and other campaign tactics. Since 1998 the authors have conducted research in over a dozen states, studying a wide range of federal, state, and municipal elections. Their book connects theory with practice, informing campaign professionals and local organizers as well as students of electoral politics. They discover that many GOTV tactics used by campaign managers and political consultants are less effective than is often believed. The authors, relying on rigorous and systematic research, challenge much of the conventional wisdom about what works and what doesn't in the political campaigns. The authors' applied form of political science has won acclaim from scholars and earned the attention of campaign professionals and journalists. This book presents their result for a non-academic audience interested in putting campaign research into practice, and the findings will be surprising to many. Get Out the Vote! will help both consultants and the candidates who use their services better understand the efficacy of campaign methods. It is essential reading in an age of electronic communication, professional electioneering and voter apathy.