Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward understanding how users respond to rumours in social media

As the spread of rumours has been increasing every day in online social networks (OSNs), it is important to analyze and understand this phenomenon. Damage caused by the spread of rumours is difficult to handle without a full understanding of the dynamics behind it. One of the central steps of understanding rumour spread is to analyze who spread rumours online, why, and how. In this research, we focus on the steps who and why by describing, implementing, and evaluating an approach that studies whether or not a group of users is actively involved in rumour discussions, and assesses rumour-spreading personality types in OSNs. We implement this general approach using Reddit data, and demonstrate its use by determining which users engage with a recurring rumour, and analyzing their comments using qualitative methods. We find that we can reliably classify users into one of three categories: (1) “Generally support a false rumour”, (2) “Generally refute a false rumour”, or (3) “Generally joke about a false rumour”. Combining text mining techniques, such as text classification, sentiment analysis, and social network analysis, we aim to identify and classify those rumour-spreading user categories automatically and provide a more holistic view of rumour spread in OSNs.
Mapping and Visualizing the Internet

We have been collecting and recording routing paths from a test host to each of over 90,000 registered networks on the Internet since August 1998. The resulting database contains intersting routing and reachability information, and is available to the public for research purpose. The daily scans cover approximately a tenth of the networks on the Internet, with a full scan run roughly once a month. We have also been collecting Lucent's intranet data, and applied these tools to understanding its size and connectivity. We have also detected the sloss of power to routers in Yugoslavia as the result of NATO bombing. A simulated spring-force algorithm lays out the graphs thgat results from these database. This algorithm is well known, but has never been applied to such a large problem. The Internet graph, with around 88,000 nodes and 100,000 edges, is larger than those previsouly considered tractable by the data visualization community. The resulting Internet layouts are pleasent, though rather cluttered. On smaller networks, like Lucent's intranet, the layouts present the data in a useful way. For the Internet data, we have also tried plotting a minimum distance spanning tree; by throwing away edges, the remaining graph can be made more accessible. Once a layout is chosen, it can be colored in various ways to show network-relevant data, such as IP address, domain information, location, ISPs, and result of scan (completed, filtered, loop, etc). This paper expands and updates the description of the project given in an IEEE Computer article [1].
Fonds de pension et politique d'investissement à long terme des entreprises

L'horizon d'investissement a long terme des fonds de pension anglo-saxons et leur preference en matiere de placement pour les actions sont censes renforcer les ressources stables des entreprises et de ce fait accroitre leurs investissements a long terme de maniere a ameliorer leur rentabilite et leur competitivite. Neanmoins, l'impact des fonds de pension sur la politique d'investissement a long terme des entreprises est sujet a une controverse. Nous distinguons deux theses opposees. La premiere explique l'influence negative des fonds de pension par la vision a court terme de leurs gestionnaires de portefeuilles. La seconde expose l'impact positif de ces investisseurs institutionnels sous deux conditions : le comportement a long terme de leurs gestionnaires de portefeuilles et l'exercice par les fonds de pension de leur pouvoir d'actionnaires afin d'inciter les drigeants d'entreprises a gerer et a investir sur le long terme. Notre objectif dans ce travail est de developper un modele theorique montrant l'influence du comportement des gestionnaires de portefeuilles de fonds de pension sur la decision d'investissement a long terme des dirigeants d'entreprises. Nous pouvons ainsi en conclure que le comportement de ces gestionnaires constitue l'element ou un des elements determinants de l'impact des fonds de pension sur la politique d'investissement a long terme des entreprises.
Growth Factor Mediated Signaling in Pancreatic Pathogenesis

Functionally, the pancreas consists of two types of tissues: exocrine and endocrine. Exocrine pancreatic disorders mainly involve acute and chronic pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis typically is benign, while chronic pancreatitis is considered a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Most pancreatic cancers develop in the exocrine tissues. Endocrine pancreatic tumors are more uncommon, and typically are less aggressive than exocrine tumors. However, the endocrine pancreatic disorder, diabetes, is a dominant cause of morbidity and mortality. Importantly, different growth factors and their receptors play critical roles in pancreatic pathogenesis. Hence, an improved understanding of how various growth factors affect pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma is necessary to determine appropriate treatment. This chapter describes the role of different growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF) in various pancreatic pathophysiologies. Finally, the crosstalk between different growth factor axes and their respective signaling mechanisms, which are involved in pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma, are also discussed.
Linux and Real-Time : Current Approaches and Future Opportunities

In the last years, there has been a considerable interest in using the Linux operating system in real-time systems, especially in control systems. The simple and elegant desig n of Linux guarantees robustness and very good performance, whi le its Open Source license allows to modify and change the sourc e code according to the user needs. However, Linux has been designed to be a general-purpose operating system. Therefore, it presents some issues, like unpredictable latencies, limited support for real-time schedul ing, and coarse-grain timing resolution that might be a problem for realtime applications. For these reasons, several modifications have been proposed to add “real-time” features to the kernel. In this paper, we give a brief description of the many existing approaches to suppo rt real-time applications in Linux. Moreover, we take a look at the expected trends, presenting what we believe will be the futu re of Linux for what concerns real-time support.
Ambiguity Resolution in Sentence Processing: Evidence against Frequency-Based Accounts

Abstract Three eye-tracking experiments investigated two frequency-based processing accounts: the serial lexical-guidance account, in which people adopt the analysis compatible with the most likely subcategorization of a verb; and the serial-likelihood account, in which people adopt the analysis that they would regard as the most likely analysis, given the information available at the point of ambiguity. The results demonstrate that neither of these accounts explains readers' performance. Instead people preferred to attach noun phrases as arguments of verbs even when such analyses were unlikely to be correct. We suggest that these results fit well with a model in which the processor initially favors informative analyses.
Changes in end-user petroleum product prices : a comparison of 48 Countries

This paper presents retail prices of the petroleum products in August 2008 in up to 56 countries, and examines the degree of pass through to consumers of increases in world gasoline and diesel prices since January 2004 in 48 countries. This is the second paper in a series summarizing work undertaken to assess the implications of higher oil prices on fuel use, the downstream petroleum sector, and household fuel consumption in the developing world. It follows a recent publication on a decomposition analysis of vulnerability to oil price increases, where vulnerability is defined as the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) spent on net imports of crude oil and petroleum products (Bacon and Kojima 2008). This paper focuses on the extent to which international petroleum product price increases have been passed on to consumers.
A Relationally Parametric Model of the Calculus of Constructions

In this paper, we give the first relationally parametric model of the (extensional) calculus of constructions. Our model remains as simple as traditional PER models of dependent types, but unlike them, our model additionally permits relating terms at different implementation types. Using this model, we can validate the soundness of quotient types, as well as derive strong equality axioms for Church-encoded data, such as the eta-law for strong dependent pair types.
Relative Price Dynamics and the Aggregate Economy

We explore the role of relative prices in the dynamics of a two-sector, New Keynesian model with heterogeneous nominal rigidity, immobile labor, and endogenous interest rate setting. We show that labor immobility is necessary to generate endogenously persistent dynamics in our model, but it is not sufficient. When labor is immobile, aggregate inflation and output depend on the relative price across sectors – an endogenous state variable – if nominal rigidity differs across sectors and/or the central bank responds to sectoral inflation rates asymmetrically. We analyze the determinants of this endogenous persistence and study the extent to which relative prices impart persistence to aggregates by means of numerical examples. Persistence through relative prices significantly prolongs the responses of aggregates to transitory shocks. We show that heterogeneity in nominal rigidity (combined with labor immobility) is more important for this than the overall degree of stickiness in the economy. Relative price dynamics result in hump-shaped aggregate responses following productivity shocks in the relatively sticky sector. Depending on parameter values, they generate humps in aggregate output – but not in inflation – following monetary policy shocks if these are sufficiently persistent. JEL Classification: E31; E32; E52
A combined distance measure for 2D shape matching

We present a method for 2D shape matching using a combination of distance functions and discrete curvature. The eccentricity transform computes the longest geodesic distance across the object. This transform is invariant to translation and rotation. The maximal eccentricity points yield diameters across the image. We compute the Euclidean distances from the boundary to the diameter to characterize the curvature of the shape. Our shape descriptor is comprised of the best matches retrieved from the normalized histogram of the eccentricities, the Hausdorff distance between the set of distances to the diameter and a measure of the number of points lying on either side of the diameter along with the peak values. We evaluate this descriptor on 2D image databases consisting of rigid and articulated shapes by ranking the number of matches. In almost all cases, the shapes are matched with at least one shape from the same class.
Receptor/β-Arrestin Complex Formation and the Differential Trafficking and Resensitization ofβ 2-Adrenergic and Angiotensin II Type 1A Receptors

β-Arrestins target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for endocytosis via clathrin-coated vesicles. β-Arrestins also become detectable on endocytic vesicles in response to angiotensin II type 1A receptor (AT1AR), but notβ 2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), activation. The carboxyl-terminal tails of these receptors contribute directly to this phenotype, since aβ 2AR bearing the AT1AR tail acquired the capacity to stimulateβ -arrestin redistribution to endosomes, whereas this property was lost for an AT1AR bearing theβ 2AR tail. Usingβ 2AR/AT1AR chimeras, we tested whether the β2AR and AT1AR carboxyl-terminal tails, in part via their association with β-arrestins, might regulate differences in the intracellular trafficking and resensitization patterns of these receptors. In the present study, we find that β-arrestin formed a stable complex with the AT1AR tail in endocytic vesicles and that the internalization of this complex was dynamin dependent. Internalization of the β2AR chimera bearing the AT1AR tail was ob.
Modulation of Human Immune Response by Echinococcus granulosus Antigen B and Its Possible Role in Evading Host Defenses

ABSTRACT By directly suppressing the function of certain immune cell subsets and by stimulating other cell populations related to immunopathology, parasite-derived substances play an important role in the chronic establishment of parasitic disease. Our objective was twofold: (i) to investigate further the role of Echinococcus granulosusantigen B (AgB) in the human early inflammatory response by determining its effect on polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) random migration, chemotaxis, and oxidative metabolism and (ii) to determine its action in acquired immunity by evaluating AgB and sheep hydatid fluid (SHF)-driven Th1 (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and interleukin 12 [IL-12]) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-13) cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 40 patients who had cured or stable or progressive cystic echinococcosis. AgB significantly inhibited PMN recruitment but left their random migration and oxidative metabolism unchanged. Patients' PBMC stimulated with AgB produced IL-4 and IL-13 but did not produce IL-12. They also produced significantly lower IFN-γ concentrations than did PBMC stimulated with SHF (P = 10−5). AgB skewed the Th1/Th2 cytokine ratios towards a preferentially immunopathology-associated Th2 polarization, predominantly in patients with progressive disease. AgB-stimulated patients' PBMC also proliferated less than SHF-stimulated PBMC (P = 9 × 10−3). In vitro Th2 cytokine production was reflected in vivo by elevated specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG4 antibodies binding to AgB. These findings confirm that AgB plays a role in the escape from early immunity by inhibiting PMN chemotaxis. They also add new information on the host-parasite relationship, suggesting that AgB exploits the activation of T helper cells by eliciting a nonprotective Th2 cell response.
Characterization of a hotspot for mimicry: assembly of a butterfly wing transcriptome to genomic sequence at the HmYb/Sb locus

The mimetic wing patterns of Heliconius butterflies are an excellent example of both adaptive radiation and convergent evolution. Alleles at the HmYb and HmSb loci control the presence/absence of hindwing bar and hindwing margin phenotypes respectively between divergent races of Heliconius melpomene, and also between sister species. Here, we used fine‐scale linkage mapping to identify and sequence a BAC tilepath across the HmYb/Sb loci. We also generated transcriptome sequence data for two wing pattern forms of H. melpomene that differed in HmYb/Sb alleles using 454 sequencing technology. Custom scripts were used to process the sequence traces and generate transcriptome assemblies. Genomic sequence for the HmYb/Sb candidate region was annotated both using the MAKER pipeline and manually using transcriptome sequence reads. In total, 28 genes were identified in the HmYb/Sb candidate region, six of which have alternative splice forms. None of these are orthologues of genes previously identified as being expressed in butterfly wing pattern development, implying previously undescribed molecular mechanisms of pattern determination on Heliconius wings. The use of next‐generation sequencing has therefore facilitated DNA annotation of a poorly characterized genome, and generated hypotheses regarding the identity of wing pattern at the HmYb/Sb loci.
Effects of icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution on the peritoneal membrane in the STZ-induced diabetic rat model with partial nephrectomy.

BACKGROUND Application of icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) provides a potential benefit in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal failure treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) because of better ultrafiltration capacity and avoidance of direct glucose exposure. We examined the effect of glucose and icodextrin-based PDF on histological alterations of peritoneal membranes. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control Wistar rats with non-treated (n = 8), streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with 5/6 kidney ablation (n = 8), STZ-induced diabetic rats with 5/6 kidney ablation injected with a standard lactate-buffered 4.25% glucose-based PDF (Dianeal; n = 8) and STZ-induced diabetic rats with 5/6 kidney ablation injected with 7.5% icodextrin-based PDF (Extraneal; n = 8). Intraperitoneal injection was performed once daily with an instillation volume of 20 ml per injection during 8 weeks. RESULTS Chronic high-glucose-based PDF exposure resulted in increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression, accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and up-regulation of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), which were ameliorated in the icodextrin-based PDF group. The peritoneal damages, such as neoangiogenesis and submesothelial fibrosis, were significantly reduced in icodextrin-based PDF compared to high-glucose-based PDF. CONCLUSIONS Long-term in vivo exposure to high glucose-based PDF promotes the fibrosing process of peritoneal membranes. Icodextrin-based PDF may be helpful in slowing the PDF-induced deterioration of peritoneal function and prolonging the use of peritoneal dialysis in patients with diabetes.
Four-Dimensional Planck Scale Is Not Universal in Fifth Dimension in Randall-Sundrum Scenario

It has recently been proposed that the hierarchy problem can be solved by considering the warped fifth dimension compactified on $S^{1}/Z_{2}$. Many studies in the context have assumed a particular choice for an integration constant $\sigma_{0}$ that appears when one solves the five-dimensional Einstein equation. Since $\sigma_{0}$ is not determined by the boundary condition of the five-dimensional theory, $\sigma_{0}$ may be regarded as a gauge degree of freedom in a sense. To this time, all indications are that the four-dimensional Planck mass depends on $\sigma_{0}$. In this paper, we carefully investigate the properties of the geometry in the Randall-Sundrum model, and consider in which location $y$ the four-dimensional Planck mass is measured. As a result, we find a $\sigma_{0}$-independent relation between the four-dimensional Planck mass $M_{\rm Pl}$ and five- dimensional fundamental mass scale $M$, and remarkably enough, we can take $M$ to TeV region when we consider models with the Standard Model confined on a distant brane. We also confirm that the physical masses on the distant brane do not depend on $\sigma_{0}$ by considering a bulk scalar field as an illustrative example. The resulting mass scale of the Kaluza-Klein modes is on the order of $M$.
Beneficial Effects of an 8-Week, Very Low Carbohydrate Diet Intervention on Obese Subjects

Aim. To investigate the effects of weight loss during an 8-week very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) on improvement of metabolic parameters, adipose distribution and body composition, and insulin resistance and sensitivity in Chinese obese subjects. Methods. Fifty-three healthy obese volunteers were given an 8-week VLCD. The outcomes were changes in anthropometry, body composition, metabolic profile, abdominal fat distribution, liver fat percent (LFP), and insulin resistance and sensitivity. Results. A total of 46 (86.8%) obese subjects completed the study. The VLCD caused a weight loss of −8.7 ± 0.6 kg (mean ± standard error (SE), P < 0.0001) combined with a significant improvement of metabolic profile. In both male and female, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) significantly decreased (−166.2 ± 47.6 μmol/L, P = 0.001) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHA) increased (0.15 ± 0.06 mmol/L, P = 0.004) after eight weeks of VLCD intervention. The significant reductions in subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), and LFP were −66.5 ± 7.9 cm2, −35.3 ± 3.9 cm2, and −16.4 ± 2.4%, respectively (all P values P < 0.0001). HOMA IR and HOMA β significantly decreased while whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) increased (all P values P < 0.001). Conclusion. Eight weeks of VLCD was an effective intervention in obese subjects. These beneficial effects may be associated with enhanced hepatic and whole-body lipolysis and oxidation.
Several statistical parameters for one-dimensional Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Because of high dynamic topology and partitioned networks in VANET(Vehicular ad hoc networks), an important problem in VANET is to find efficient ways to disseminate information on the target areas before the vehicle entering into another road. The problem of information propagation analysis is closely related to the connectivity of networks. Based on the general assumption that vehicle gap distribution can be approximated by an exponential distribution, we analyze several statistical parameters of one-dimensional Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. In this paper, the relationship of Vehicle Ad hoc Networks and one-dimensional Ad Hoc networks where nodes independently uniform distributed is discussed and the probabilities of Vehicular Ad hoc Network connectivity for difference cases are derived. Finally, We validate our works by comparing the analysis and simulation results.
Higher genetic diversity in introduced than in native populations of the mussel Mytella charruana: evidence of population admixture at introduction sites

Aim Levels of genetic diversity can be used to determine haplotype frequency, population size and patterns of invasive species distribution. In this study, we sought to investigate the genetic structure of the invasive marine mussel Mytella charruana and compare variation from invasive populations with variation found within three native populations.
Whole-genome re-sequencing for the identification of high contribution susceptibility gene variants in patients with type 2 diabetes

There is increasing evidence that several genes are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D); genome-wide association investigations and whole-genome re-sequencing investigations offer a useful approach for the identification of genes involved in common human diseases. To further investigate which polymorphisms confer susceptibility to T2D, the present study screened for high-contribution susceptibility gene variants Chinese patients with T2D using whole-genome re-sequencing with DNA pooling. In total, 100 Chinese individuals with T2D and 100 healthy Chinese individuals were analyzed using whole-genome re-sequencing using DNA pooling. To minimize the likelihood of systematic bias in sampling, paired-end libraries with an insert size of 500 bp were prepared for in T2D in all samples, which were then subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Each library contained four lanes. The average sequencing depth was 35.70. In the present study, 1.36 GB of clean sequence data were generated, and the resulting calculated T2D genome consensus sequence covered 99.88% of the hg19 sequence. A total of 3,974,307 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, of which 99.88% were in the dbSNP database. The present study also found 642,189 insertions and deletions, 5,590 structure variants (SVs), 4,713 copy number variants (CNVs) and 13,049 single nucleotide variants. A total of 1,884 somatic CNVs and 74 somatic SVs were significantly different between the cases and controls. Therefore, the present study provided validation of whole-genome re-sequencing using the DNA pooling approach. It also generated a whole-genome re-sequencing genotype database for future investigations of T2D.