Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounce-back in prosociality::From middle childhood to early adolescence

Development of prosociality and a trajectory in prosocial behaviors have been a major interest among developmental psychologists. The present study investigates age-related changes in prosocial behaviors from middle childhood to early adolescence based on the relational approach, emphasizing relations with the recipients of the prosocial behaviors (i.e., prosocial behavior toward family, strangers, and friends). A total of 1,829 Japanese students (944 boys and 885 girls) from mid-elementary and junior high schools (ages 9―14 at the time of the first measurement) participated in a one-year longitudinal study. This sample consisted of five cohorts: the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade samples. The results of the latent difference score model showed a decrease in prosocial behaviors once, as mean level of individual changes; while at the same time, the model indicated a bounce-back in prosociality after the middle of the junior high school period. Additionally, we found unique changes in prosocial behaviors toward family in the form not following the overall developmental trajectory.
Preschoolers' Interpretation of Facial Expressions of Emotion

Asked to label the emotion expressed by a prototypical facial expression of a “basic” emotion, children (N = 160; 2 to 5 years) make many errors and improve only gradually with age. Contrary to the usual interpretation of this standard finding, we found that errors are not artifacts of poor stimuli or the difficulty of a production task: errors remained even with excellent examples of prototypical expressions and with children who can perform a production task (labeling animals). Errors reveal rather than conceal children’s way of interpreting facial expressions. Children’s use of emotion labels increases in a systematic order: Happy, sad, and angry emerge early, are more accessible, and are applied broadly but systematically. Scared, surprised, and disgusted emerge later, are less accessible, and are applied narrowly. Accessibility of the later three labels increases with age.
Concurrent object-oriented programming with agent-oriented abstractions: the ALOO approach

A long-standing problem in concurrent object-oriented programming is finding a sound and effective way to integrate active entities - being them actors, active objects, processes - with plain passive objects. Even if the problem is quite old, this is still an open issue: different kinds of approaches have been proposed in literature - also recently - each bringing some benefits and drawbacks. In this paper we describe a proposal based on agent-oriented abstractions, called ALOO. ALOO can be conceived as a conservative extension of sequential OOP languages, so plain old objects, adopting agents and agent organizations as first-class abstractions to model the active side of systems, encapsulating the decentralized control. ALOO is an evolution of a previous model/language called simpAL - an agent-oriented programming approach - towards to concurrent object-oriented programming.
One Cycle Control for photovoltaic module-integrated inverters

This paper presents a simple digital implementation of One Cycle Control used for regulating the current injected into the grid in photovoltaic micro-inverter applications. The digital implementation has been derived by the corresponding analog one by adopting a predictive estimation of the duty-cycle modulating signal. The dc/ac stage has been simulated and tested by using a laboratory prototype demonstrating the applicability of the proposed digital architecture.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: a comprehensive review.

BACKGROUND The incidence of malignant mesothelioma continues to increase, but the disease remains difficult to detect early and treat effectively. METHODS The authors review the pathogenesis, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathology, and both standard and experimental treatments for mesothelioma. RESULTS When possible, surgery (video-assisted thoracoscopy, pleurectomy/decortication, or extrapleural pneumonectomy) is utilized. Effects on underlying structures limit application of radiation therapy, but some systemic agents are beginning to enhance survival. CONCLUSIONS The disease is expected to increase in incidence till 2020, so awareness of this entity as a possible diagnosis should be heightened. In patients with advanced disease, several newer antitumor agents are already showing a capability of extending survival so it is not unreasonable to expect further progress in this area.
Comparative study of morphological ECG features classificators: An application on athletes undergone to acute physical stress

Several methods for automatic heartbeat classification have been developed, but few efforts have been devoted to the recognition of the small ECG changes occurring in healthy people as a response to stimuli. Herein, we describe a procedure for the extraction, selection and classification of features summarizing morphological ECG changes. The proposed procedure is composed by the following stages: 1) extraction of a set of heartbeat morphological features; 2) selection of a subset of features; 3) subject normalization 4) classification. The selection of a subset of features enabled us to summarize ECG changes with only three non redundant features. In addition we performed a comparison between four classificators: k-nearest-neighbors (k-NN), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM) and naive Bayes classifiers (nB). In order to cope with the possible non linear separation problem, we evaluated two strategies: a subject factor normalization on feature space and the usage of kernel functions for classifiers. The results of the comparison recommended the usage of subject normalization, irrespectively from the classificator: with or without normalization we had the best performance of classification for the linear-SVM and ANN.
User-Land Work Stealing Schedulers: Towards a Standard

Multicore processors are currently hitting the market at enormous speed. Multi-processing in all its variants is seen as the way into the future of computational systems and imply parallelism for future applications. The basics of software development are changing when going parallel. One key concept to ensure scalability of today's applications for the future is the idea of using work stealing scheduling systems to ensure load balancing, and re-writing existing software is necessary to exploit that style of programming. The numerous work stealing concepts however differ in form of implementation, interfaces and supported systems. Handling this diversity of systems makes the already complicated process of going parallel even worse. We present a simple but complete work stealing scheduler (TPI - task processing interface) as an example and formulate the requirements to a basic work stealing interface as a first step to an open standard proposal.
Handover Sequences for Interference-Aware Transmission in Multicell MIMO Networks

Providing cell-specific reference signals is a basic requirement for advanced transmission techniques reducing the inter-cell interference in the mobile radio network. In this paper, we introduce so-called handover sequences. They consist of a comb cyclically shifted in the frequency domain to identify the cells. Orthogonal sequences in time domain are used to identify the antennas within a cell. The scheme occupies few OFDM symbols per coherence interval. Sequence assignment to the cells follows a classical frequency-reuse scheme. Detection is easily implementable. With these sequences, the frequency-selective multi-cell channel can be identified with high precision also at the cell edge. We demonstrate that handover decisions are more reliable and channel estimation errors are reduced by more than a decade compared to the reference signals provided in 3GPP LTE Release 8. I. INTRODUCTION
Natural History of Tuberculosis: Duration and Fatality of Untreated Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Negative Patients: A Systematic Review

Background The prognosis, specifically the case fatality and duration, of untreated tuberculosis is important as many patients are not correctly diagnosed and therefore receive inadequate or no treatment. Furthermore, duration and case fatality of tuberculosis are key parameters in interpreting epidemiological data. Methodology and Principal Findings To estimate the duration and case fatality of untreated pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV negative patients we reviewed studies from the pre-chemotherapy era. Untreated smear-positive tuberculosis among HIV negative individuals has a 10-year case fatality variously reported between 53% and 86%, with a weighted mean of 70%. Ten-year case fatality of culture-positive smear-negative tuberculosis was nowhere reported directly but can be indirectly estimated to be approximately 20%. The duration of tuberculosis from onset to cure or death is approximately 3 years and appears to be similar for smear-positive and smear-negative tuberculosis. Conclusions Current models of untreated tuberculosis that assume a total duration of 2 years until self-cure or death underestimate the duration of disease by about one year, but their case fatality estimates of 70% for smear-positive and 20% for culture-positive smear-negative tuberculosis appear to be satisfactory.
Unremarkable errors: low-level disturbances in infusion pump use

In this paper we describe results from an exploratory study observing infusion pump use in practice. From 31 observations of pump programming we note 10 low-level disturbances, which we conceptualise in terms of unremarkable error. This data supports a view that well performing systems cope with error as part of their normal work. Users are able to recover from error and are resilient to performance deviations. However, it is not clear how we, as HCI researchers, should respond to these minor errors: should we aim to minimise them or instead aim to improve detection, recovery and control in safety-critical systems? What is clear is that without remarking on unremarkable error we cannot begin this dialogue and consider the handling of these issues. To conclude we recognise four important factors that influence remedial action, and we highlight the need for a socio-technical approach for making change that is appropriate for practice.
Growth cone navigation in substrate-bound ephrin gradients

Graded distributions of ephrin ligands are involved in the formation of topographic maps. However, it is still poorly understood how growth cones read gradients of membrane-bound guidance molecules. We used microcontact printing to produce discontinuous gradients of substrate-bound ephrinA5. These consist of submicron-sized protein-covered spots, which vary with respect to their sizes and spacings. Growth cones of chick temporal retinal axons are able to integrate these discontinuous ephrin distributions and stop at a distinct zone in the gradient while still undergoing filopodial activity. The position of this stop zone depends on both the steepness of the gradient and on the amount of substrate-bound ephrin per unit surface area. Quantitative analysis of axon outgrowth shows that the stop reaction is controlled by a combination of the local ephrin concentration and the total amount of encountered ephrin, but cannot be attributed to one of these parameters alone.
Application of FMEA procedure for ALU unit testing

Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) is an important part of each microprocessor and its main purpose is to process arithmetical and logical operations. Correct results of these calculations are crucial for performance of the entire processor unit. Thus thorough testing of all functions before deployment is necessary. Also thorough testing of whole system is crucial for correct system performance during the life cycle. Following article describes proposal of algorithm to test basic arithmetical-logical instructions and analysis of each gate by the FMEA (Failure mode and effect analysis) method.
Software Metrics by Architectural Pattern Mining

A software architecture is the key artifact in software design, describing the main elements of a software system and their interrelationships. We present a method for automatically analyzing the quality of an architecture by searching for architectural and design patterns from it. In addition to approximating the quality of the design, the extracted patterns can also be used for predicting the quality of the actual system. The method is demonstrated by an industrial case over a complex telephone exchange software.
Assertion-based test oracles for home automation systems

The Home Automation System (HAS) is a service-oriented application that facilitates the automation of a private home to improve the comfort and security of its residents. HAS is implemented using a service-oriented architecture. Many of the services in the HAS dynamically change their configuration during run-time. This occurs due to change in availability and bindings between services. Dynamic reconfigurations of services in the HAS presents several testing challenges, one being the specification of test oracles. In this paper, we give an approach for specifying test oracles for services in the HAS. We formally specify test oracles in the JML specification language. To verify service behavior in the presence of dynamic reconfigurations, we use mechanisms in the service architecture that notify dynamic changes along with run-time evaluation of JML specifications. We illustrate our approach using an example service in the H-Omega HAS developed on the OSGi#8482; and iPOJO service platform. To evaluate our approach, we developed a testing framework that allows for generation of tests with dynamic service reconfigurations. In addition, we seeded faults into the example service, and evaluated the effectiveness of the test oracles in revealing the faults using the generated tests.
The challenge of visualising multiple overlapping classification hierarchies

Techniques for visualising hierarchies have concentrated on displaying static structures or, in the case of dynamic hierarchies, adding or deleting nodes from the hierarchy. However none have adequately dealt with the situation of visualising change occurring in the structure between existing nodes. We present initial work that outlines the difficulties of visualising such an event, with specific regard to the multiple classifications of information that are produced in botanical taxonomy.
Particle-based fluid simulation with small scale details

Realistically and real-time animated fluids simulation has become one of the greatest challenging area in computer graphics(CG). We propose a particle-based method to reproduce small-scale details of fluids. By incorporating vorticity confinement term into the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), a widely used Lagrangian fluid solver, we can capture the small-scale vortical motions of water efficiently. In contrast to the conventional Eulerian grid-based approaches, the proposed SPH scheme integrated with the vorticity confinement takes few extra programming efforts, memory usage, and computational load. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method in providing real-time and realistic water animation.
An Exploratory Study On The Appropriateness Of Latent Dirichlet Allocation For Automatic Discovery Of Product Associations From User-Generated Content

Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a method that can be used to generate word association networks from unstructured text documents. However, no study has yet examined the applicability of LDA for deriving product associations from user-generated content. In this work, we apply LDA on 9,529 unstructured and uncategorized McDonald’s product reviews that were crawled from a German online review platform. We evaluate the applicability of LDA for deriving product associations from user-generated content. For this reason, we conducted a survey among 95 Information Systems undergraduate students about their associations with 17 McDonald’s-related nouns. Results indicate that LDA is a valid method for deriving product associations from user-generated content.
Seventh TRM Forum on Computer Simulation and Experimental Assessment of Cardiac Function: creating the basis for tailored therapies.

Computer simulations have gained increasing importance for the understanding of cardiac arrhythmias and the development of new therapeutic solutions, overcoming some of the limitations encountered in clinical and experimental research. Progresses in computer models depend on continuous exchange of clinical and experimental data, both for model development and validation. Therefore, it is important that experts from these two fields communicate. Today, patient-specific models based on clinical imaging and electrophysiological data are becoming a reality. Such models could be used in the future for guiding individual clinical antiarrhythmic therapies. The challenge lies in how to translate these computer methods into clinically effective tools. To that end, since 1998 the Theo Rossi di Montelera (TRM) forum has brought together researchers with different expertise in computer modelling, experimental and clinical research. The seventh TRM forum was held in Lugano, Switzerland, on 1–3 December 2013, hosted by the Lausanne Heart group, the University of Lugano (USI) and the Cardiocentro Ticino (CCT). The theme was ‘Creating the Basis for Tailored Therapies’. The objective of the TRM forum is to facilitate the translation of basic science findings in computer modelling into the clinical field. The first day of the forum was therefore focused on ‘From computer to bedside: how predictive are computer models’ with the presentation of latest patient-specific computer models of the atria and ventricles and how they can be used to predict the effect of cardiac therapies. The second day followed the opposite pathway ‘From bedside …
Preferential recycling of nutrients—the ocean's way to increase new production and to pass nutrient limitation?

Uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the oceans and the export of carbon into deeper waters via the biological CO2 pump is driven by the production of particulate organic matter (POM). The elemental ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus within POM follow Redfield ratios, suggesting that the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients decrease during new production corresponding to these ratios. Subsequently, new production and the efficiency of the biological CO2 pump are usually estimated using Redfield ratios. However, our observations in the Baltic Sea and obser‐vations elsewhere show significantly greater decreases in DIC during the productive season than that predicted from the decline in nutrients with reference to Redfield ratios. Using new DIC, nutrient, and oxygen data from the Baltic Sea, we discuss this discrepancy and provide evidence that preferential recycling of nutrients fuels the productive community with nutrients. Limiting nutrients are preferentially recycled and become available for new production. These findings derived from hydrochemical bulk data confirm the picture of the microbial loop but question the common description of new production and nutrient limitation. Finally, we argue for a carbon‐based efficiency estimate of the biological CO2 pump probably exceeding significantly nutrient‐based estimates.
A meta-analysis of the relationship between parenting style and Internet addiction among mainland Chinese teenagers

We performed a meta-analysis of 79 studies to explore the relationship between positive and negative indicators of parenting style and Internet addiction among 44,650 mainland Chinese teenagers. Results showed that positive indicators of parenting style had a significant negative correlation with teenagers' Internet addiction and that the correlation was moderated by region and school level. Negative indicators of parenting style were significantly and positively correlated with teenagers' Internet addiction and the correlation was also moderated by region and school level. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Monitorización de las cargas de entrenamiento en corredores de fondo y medio fondo de alto nivel

espanolEl principal objetivo del entrenamiento consiste en mejorar el rendimiento y, por ende, reducir lesiones. Para ello, la monitorizacion de dicha carga (interna, externa y su relacion) se ha constatado como vital. Sin embargo, muchos entrenadores siguen sin controlar (o etereamente) las cargas en sus deportistas, pues, ademas, no existe un sistema etiquetado como el ideal. Consecuentemente, teniendo en cuenta el contexto y lo que la literatura dice al respecto, se realizo una propuesta personal con corredores de resistencia de alto nivel, contabilizando, en cuanto a carga externa, volumen mediante los kilometros recorridos semanalmente, intensidad mediante la velocidad de carrera con zonas de entrenamiento en funcion del perfil individual de lactato, y frecuencia registrando el numero de entrenamientos y de los contenidos trabajados. Respecto al estres interno, la Escala de Esfuerzo Percibido y la medicion de la altura del salto vertical con contramovimiento, en pos de determinar la fatiga neuromuscular subaguda. Los resultados mostraron relacion significativa en la mayoria de variables, haciendo que el objetivo e hipotesis que perseguia la intervencion se cumplan en mayor o menor medida, por lo que el sistema de monitorizacion escogido y/o los diferentes items que lo componen podrian ser validos para su utilizacion en otros contextos. EnglishThe main objective of training is to improve performance and, therefore, reduce injuries. For that reason, the monitoring of this load (internal, external and their relationship) has been verified as vital. However, many trainers still do not control (or ethereally) the loads on their athletes. In addition, there is not system labeled as the ideal. Consequently, taking into account the context and what the literature says about it, a personal research was made with high-level resistance runners, accounting, in terms of external load, volume through the kilometers traveled weekly, intensity through the running speed with training zones depending on the individual lactate profile, and frequency recording the number of training sessions and the contents worked. Regarding internal stress, the Rating of Perceived Exertion and a measurement of countermovement jump height, in order to determine subacute neuromuscular fatigue. The results showed a significant relationship in most variables, making the objective and hypothesis of the intervention have been met to a greater or lesser extent, so that the chosen monitoring system and / or the different items that comprise it could be valid for its use in other contexts.
A Least-squares Approach to Direct Importance Estimation

We address the problem of estimating the ratio of two probability density functions, which is often referred to as the importance. The importance values can be used for various succeeding tasks such as covariate shift adaptation or outlier detection. In this paper, we propose a new importance estimation method that has a closed-form solution; the leave-one-out cross-validation score can also be computed analytically. Therefore, the proposed method is computationally highly efficient and simple to implement. We also elucidate theoretical properties of the proposed method such as the convergence rate and approximation error bounds. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method is comparable to the best existing method in accuracy, while it is computationally more efficient than competing approaches.