Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Spatial Interaction Models for Regional Mobility in Sub-Saharan Africa

Simple spatial interaction models of human mobility based on physical laws have been used extensively in the social, biological, and physical sciences, and in the study of the human dynamics underlying the spread of disease. Recent analyses of commuting patterns and travel behavior in high-income countries have led to the suggestion that these models are highly generalizable, and as a result, gravity and radiation models have become standard tools for describing population mobility dynamics for infectious disease epidemiology. Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa may not conform to these models, however; physical accessibility, availability of transport, and cost of travel between locations may be variable and severely constrained compared to high-income settings, informal labor movements rather than regular commuting patterns are often the norm, and the rise of mega-cities across the continent has important implications for travel between rural and urban areas. Here, we first review how infectious disease frameworks incorporate human mobility on different spatial scales and use anonymous mobile phone data from nearly 15 million individuals to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Kenyan population. We find that gravity and radiation models fail in systematic ways to capture human mobility measured by mobile phones; both severely overestimate the spatial spread of travel and perform poorly in rural areas, but each exhibits different characteristic patterns of failure with respect to routes and volumes of travel. Thus, infectious disease frameworks that rely on spatial interaction models are likely to misrepresent population dynamics important for the spread of disease in many African populations.
Simple scanning methods for a Global-MPP determination in a PV string

Partial shading and/or mismatch of photovoltaic (PV) modules can cause multiple maxima to occur in their power-voltage curves which can mislead conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms. This relates both to residential installations and large-scale power plants and can result in significant drop in the overall energy yield. To overcome this problem, a new approach generally referred to as Global Maximum Power Point Searching (GMPPS) has emerged. GMPPS methods based on power-voltage curve scanning are able to obtain optimum operating point in a very short time, regardless of the irradiation profile. This paper presents two methods utilizing external circuitry in order to scan the power-voltage curve of the PV string and determine its maximum power. First method utilizes a MOSFET acting as variable resistive load, whereas the latter is based on forcing the PV current using an switched inductor. Simulation study followed by the experimental verification is presented for both methods.
Introduction Cognitive Linguistics: Current applications and future perspectives

1. General orientation of the volume: towards an empirical revolution The collective volume Cognitive Linguistics: Current Applications and Future Perspectives brings together specific case studies and critical overviews of work in a variety of CL strands. Written by prominent researchers, the chapters of the volume thus provide the scientific community with an updated survey of recent research in Cognitive Linguistics. Most authors furthermore go beyond the more immediate scope of describing or exemplifying state-of-the-art research (e.g. by providing the reader with a generally accessible synthesis or a specialized case study) and explicitly address a number of pressing questions pertaining to future perspectives and future research agendas. Together with its companion volume Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings (Cognitive Linguistics Research 34, edited by Dirk Geeraerts), it constitutes a highly informative resource for linguists and scholars in neighbouring disciplines, and in general for any scholar wishing to become familiar with what Cognitive Linguistics is all about. Whereas Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings offers an introductory survey of the foun-dational concepts of Cognitive Linguistics, the present volume focuses on more recent theoretical developments, illustrates the many fields of application that CL already covers (both within linguistics and in an interdis-ciplinary environment), and identifies the future research trends that CL is now heading for. At the same time, the present volume is the very first issue in the new book series Applications of Cognitive Linguistics (ACL). In collaboration with its sister series Cognitive Linguistics Research, ACL offers a platform for high quality work which applies the rich framework developed in Cog-nitive Linguistics to a wide range of different fields of application. These 2 and still many other fields, often within an interdisciplinary framework. The goals of ACL will be summarised in section 3 of this introduction. First and foremost, however, as the subtitle suggests, the volume overviews and explores the major avenues of the cognitive linguistic enterprise at present and towards the future. Over the last two, perhaps even three, decades, Cognitive Linguistics has gradually but firmly established itself as a complete and innovating discipline, but certainly not one which for these reasons has ceased to evolve, nor to expand. The contributions in this volume testify to the existence of a number of different strands, the most important of which may be summarised as follows. First, a number of basic concepts (cf. the twelve cornerstones of Cognitive Linguistics described and exemplified in Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings) …
MEMS vibratory gyroscope with highly programmable capacitive interface circuit

A programmable continuous-time capacitive ASIC for MEMS (Microelectromechanical System) vibratory gyroscope is presented. The programmable readout circuit minimizes process variations including parasitic capacitances and fabrication imperfections. The fabricated ASIC adopts continuous-time chopper-stabilized architecture to achieve low noise characteristics. To cancel the parasitic effects and to improve the temperature response, a continuous-time front-end architecture with digital trimming is proposed. The fabricated capacitive ASIC is evaluated with gyroscope sensing element. The input range and scale factor are ±90 deg/sec and 164 counts/ deg/sec, respectively.
The control of hemoglobin synthesis. A comparison of the role of heme in rabbit bone marrow and reticulocytes.

Abstract The incorporation of l-[U-14C]lysine into the α and β chains of hemoglobin has been compared in acetylphenylhydrazine-induced rabbit reticulocytes and normal and acetylphenylhydrazine-induced rabbit marrow. Evidence for a pool of α chains and αβ dimers in both reticulocytes and marrow cells was found in (a) an α:β specific activity ratio of less than 1.0 in purified hemoglobin, (b) the relative losses of α and β chain radioactivity on purification of the hemoglobin, (c) the radioactivity elution profile observed on gel filtration of the ribosome-free hemolysate, and (d) the effects of hemin added to the postincubation hemolysate. However, the data also indicated that the pool of α chains is smaller in the marrow cell than in the reticulocyte. In both groups of cells, addition of hemin to the incubation medium was followed by greater synthesis of α and β chains than was observed in the control cells. In addition, in marrow cells it was associated with virtually complete disappearance of the α chain and αβ pools, as evidenced by an increase in the α:β specific activity ratio in purified hemoglobin to almost 1.0 and by the disappearance of the high specific activity minor peak from the gel elution profile. On the basis of pulse labeling and chase experiments it was confirmed that both the pool of α chains and αβ dimers exist as intermediates in the pathway of hemoglobin biosynthesis. However, in the reticulocyte the radioactive α chain pool could be chased into hemoglobin to only a limited extent, in contrast to the marrow where almost complete transfer of radioactivity into hemoglobin occurred during the chase period. It is suggested that in the developing erythroid cell heme serves to promote hemoglobin synthesis by (a) promoting the synthesis of α and β chains and (b) promoting the conversion of αβ dimers to the hemoglobin tetramer. In addition it also serves to coordinate the synthesis and assembly of α and β chains.
Computational Aerothermodynamic Design Issues for Hypersonic Vehicles

A brief review of the evolutionary progress in computational aerothermodynamics is presented. The current status of computational aerothermodynamics is then discussed, with emphasis on its capabilities and limitations for contributions to the design process of hypersonic vehicles. Some topics to be highlighted include: (1) aerodynamic coefficient predictions with emphasis on high temperature gas effects; (2) surface heating and temperature predictions for thermal protection system (TPS) design in a high temperature, thermochemical nonequilibrium environment; (3) methods for extracting and extending computational fluid dynamic (CFD) solutions for efficient utilization by all members of a multidisciplinary design team; (4) physical models; (5) validation process and error estimation; and (6) gridding and solution generation strategies. Recent experiences in the design of X-33 will be featured. Computational aerothermodynamic contributions to Mars Path finder, METEOR, and Stardust (Comet Sample return) will also provide context for this discussion. Some of the barriers that currently limit computational aerothermodynamics to a predominantly reactive mode in the design process will also be discussed, with the goal of providing focus for future research.
What brought the adaptive immune system to vertebrates? ‐ The jaw hypothesis and the seahorse

Summary: A hypothesis is discussed that the adaptive immune system of vertebrates evolved in the gastrointestinal regions of primitive jawed fish (placoderms) due to increased localized injuries and infections which were inadvertently brought about by the novel jaw structures and the predatory life style. The question whether the modern jawless fish, cyclostomes, have adaptive immunity or not is briefly but critically reviewed. The discovery that the gut‐associated immune tissues in mammals constitute the primary immune tissues for the local T cells and that some epithelial γσ T cells have a unique propensity is summarized and discussed in relation to the jaw hypothesis. Initial study of the seahorse (Hippocampus) indicates that the gut‐associated immune tissues may be absent in this teleost species, suggesting an evolutionary link between the adaptive immune system and the jaw structure or eating habit.
Tool support for designing nomadic applications

Model-based approaches can be useful when designing nomadic applications, which can be accessed through multiple interaction platforms. Various models and levels of abstraction can be considered in such approaches. The lack of automatic tool support has been the main limitation to their use. We present a tool, TERESA, supporting top-down transformations from task models to abstract user interfaces and then to user interfaces for different types of interaction platforms (such as mobile phones or desktop systems). It allows designers to keep a unitary view of the design of a given nomadic application. Moreover, the tool provides support for obtaining effective interfaces for each type of platform available, taking into account the consequent differences in terms of tasks and their performance
Scalable Learning of Collective Behavior

This study of collective behavior is to understand how individuals behave in a social networking environment. Oceans of data generated by social media like Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube present opportunities and challenges to study collective behavior on a large scale. In this work, we aim to learn to predict collective behavior in social media. In particular, given information about some individuals, how can we infer the behavior of unobserved individuals in the same network? A social-dimension-based approach has been shown effective in addressing the heterogeneity of connections presented in social media. However, the networks in social media are normally of colossal size, involving hundreds of thousands of actors. The scale of these networks entails scalable learning of models for collective behavior prediction. To address the scalability issue, we propose an edge-centric clustering scheme to extract sparse social dimensions. With sparse social dimensions, the proposed approach can efficiently handle networks of millions of actors while demonstrating a comparable prediction performance to other nonscalable methods.
A Cul-3-BTB ubiquitylation pathway regulates junctional levels and asymmetry of core planar polarity proteins

The asymmetric localisation of core planar polarity proteins at apicolateral junctions is required to specify cell polarity in the plane of epithelia. This asymmetric distribution of the core proteins is proposed to require amplification of an initial asymmetry by feedback loops. In addition, generation of asymmetry appears to require the regulation of core protein levels, but the importance of such regulation and the underlying mechanisms is unknown. Here we show that ubiquitylation acts through more than one mechanism to control core protein levels in Drosophila, and that without this regulation cellular asymmetry is compromised. Levels of Dishevelled at junctions are regulated by a Cullin-3-Diablo/Kelch ubiquitin ligase complex, the activity of which is most likely controlled by neddylation. Furthermore, activity of the deubiquitylating enzyme Fat facets is required to maintain Flamingo levels at junctions. Notably, ubiquitylation does not alter the total cellular levels of Dishevelled or Flamingo, but only that of the junctional population. When junctional core protein levels are either increased or decreased by disruption of the ubiquitylation machinery, their asymmetric localisation is reduced and this leads to disruption of planar polarity at the tissue level. Loss of asymmetry by altered core protein levels can be explained by reference to feedback models for amplification of asymmetry.
Tracking Pedestrians across Multiple Microcells Based on Successive Bayesian Estimations

We propose a method for tracking multiple pedestrians using a binary sensor network. In our proposed method, sensor nodes are composed of pairs of binary sensors and placed at specific points, referred to as gates, where pedestrians temporarily change their movement characteristics, such as doors, stairs, and elevators, to detect pedestrian arrival and departure events. Tracking pedestrians in each subregion divided by gates, referred to as microcells, is conducted by matching the pedestrian gate arrival and gate departure events using a Bayesian estimation-based method. To improve accuracy of pedestrian tracking, estimated pedestrian velocity and its reliability in a microcell are used for trajectory estimation in the succeeding microcell. Through simulation experiments, we show that the accuracy of pedestrian tracking using our proposed method is improved by up to 35% compared to the conventional method.
Acute effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPSS) procedure on renal blood flow and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in cirrhosis

Objective:An acute increase in portal pressure is associated with an immediate reduction in renal blood flow. It has been suggested that this supports the presence of an hepatorenal reflex. In this study, we used TIPSS placement as a model to investigate the effect of an acute reduction in portal pressure on renal blood flow and cardiopulmonary hemodynamic parameters.Methods:Eleven cirrhotic patients were studied during elective TIPSS placement for variceal hemorrhage (n = 9) or refractory ascites (n = 2). Unilateral renal blood flow (RBF) was measured before and at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after shunt insertion. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), right atrial pressure (RAP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were also measured before and 30 min after TIPSS placement.Results:Despite significant increases in CO (p= 0.001), RAP (p < 0.001), PAP (p < 0.001), and PCWP (p= 0.001), and a fall in SVR (p= 0.003), no change was observed in RBF, HR, or MAP after TIPSS placement. The fall in the portoatrial pressure gradient correlated only with the rise in CO (p < 0.05) and the drop in SVR (p < 0.05). Conclusions:Despite the fall in portal pressure and the systemic hemodynamic changes caused by TIPSS placement, there is no immediate effect on RBF. Any improvement in renal function after TIPSS procedure does not appear to be due to an acute increase in RBF.
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis is associated with the disruption of frontal and parietal pathways

Background Fatigue is one of the most frequent and disturbing symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), directly affecting the patient’s quality of life. However, many questions remain unclear regarding the anatomic brain correlate of MS-related fatigue. Objective To assess the relationship between fatigue and white matter lesion location and gray matter atrophy. Methods In this study, 60 patients with MS were evaluated with the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and magnetic resonance imaging. Location of white matter lesion was analyzed using a voxel-by-voxel lesion probability mapping approach and gray matter atrophy degree and location using an optimized voxel-based morphometry method. Results We found a correlation between lesion load and fatigue score (T2 lesion load: r = 0.415, P = 0.001; T1 lesion load r = 0.328, P = 0.011). Moreover, fatigue correlated with lesions in the right parietotemporal (periatrial area, juxtaventricular white matter deep in the parietal lobe and callosal forceps) and left frontal (middle-anterior corpus callosum, anterior cingulum and centrum semiovale of the superior and middle frontal gyri) white matter regions (P < 0.001 in all cases). Finally, fatigue score significantly correlated with gray matter atrophy in frontal regions, specifically, the left superior frontal gyrus and bilateral middle frontal gyri (P < 0.001 in all cases). Conclusion Our results suggest that the symptom of fatigue is associated with a disruption of brain networks involved in cognitive/attentional processes.
Brain activity classifies adolescents with and without a familial history of substance use disorders

We aimed to uncover differences in brain circuits of adolescents with parental positive or negative histories of substance use disorders (SUD), when performing a task that elicits emotional conflict, testing whether the brain circuits could serve as endophenotype markers to distinguish these adolescents. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 11 adolescents with a positive familial history of SUD (FH+ group) and seven adolescents with a negative familial history of SUD (FH− group) when performing an emotional stroop task. We extracted brain features from the conflict-related contrast images in group level analyses and granger causality indices (GCIs) that measure the causal interactions among regions. Support vector machine (SVM) was applied to classify the FH+ and FH− adolescents. Adolescents with FH+ showed greater activity and weaker connectivity related to emotional conflict, decision making and reward system including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). High classification accuracies were achieved with leave-one-out cross validation (89.75% for the maximum conflict, 96.71% when combining maximum conflict and general conflict contrast, 97.28% when combining activity of the two contrasts and GCIs). Individual contributions of the brain features to the classification were further investigated, indicating that activation in PFC, ACC, VTA and effective connectivity from PFC to ACC play the most important roles. We concluded that fundamental differences of neural substrates underlying cognitive behaviors of adolescents with parental positive or negative histories of SUD provide new insight into potential neurobiological mechanisms contributing to the elevated risk of FH+ individuals for developing SUD.
Information Systems Management

Supply chain management has become a successful strategy to effectively link all trading partners and ensure cost-effective and timely movement of materials from the raw material supplier to the final consumer of the finished product. Interorganizational systems or extranets provide the technology infrastructure to facilitate the flow of information along the chain and thereby ensure the smooth flow of goods. These two technologies have developed independently with no realization of the synergies in integrating the research from the two fields. This article attempts to provide an integrated perspective of supply chain management and interorganizational systems that highlight the potential benefits, and management issues and provides guidelines for implementation.
Weekly job crafting and leisure crafting: Implications for meaning‐making and work engagement

The present paper addresses two crafting strategies employees may display in different life domains in order to attain desired outcomes. On the one hand, job crafting is targeted at increasing social and structural job resources and challenging job demands. On the other hand, leisure crafting is the proactive pursuit of leisure activities targeted at goal setting, human connection, learning, and personal development. We hypothesized that job crafting relates positively to employee work engagement and meaning-making, especially when occupational role salience is high. Furthermore, we hypothesized that leisure crafting relates positively to meaning-making, especially when job crafting opportunities are low. Using a sample of 105 Dutch employees and a weekly survey with three measurements, we found support for most of our hypotheses. All job crafting dimensions related positively to work engagement when occupational role salience was high. Also, increasing structural resources related positively to meaning-making when occupational role salience was high. Leisure crafting related positively to meaning-making when job crafting opportunities were low. We discuss directions for future research on work and leisure, and suggest how employees and organizations may benefit by encouraging job and leisure crafting. Practitioner points Employees can proactively build their own work engagement using job crafting, especially when they view their work as a source of personal satisfaction and development. In workplaces where opportunities to craft are low, employees could focus on their leisure time as a source of meaning and self-reflection. Managers can empower and coach employees to proactively seek growth and self-fulfilment both at work and outside work, via job crafting and leisure crafting. Organizations and managers should encourage employees to flourish not only at work but also during leisure time, communicating that work and leisure are two life domains that can help and complement each other.
Red-Eye Blink, Bendy Shuffle, and the Yuck Factor: A User Experience of Biometric Airport Systems

When people find security systems difficult or unacceptable, it can result in bottlenecks, excessive operation costs, and shortcuts or workarounds that undermine security. Since 2001, airports worldwide have deployed an increasing number of security systems with biometric recognition. Some operate behind the scenes, for airport staff or cabin crew use. Airports have been deploying biometrics for travelers, too. Some systems are voluntary, whereas others are required, and store travelers' biometric characteristics for inspection or record. Biometric systems should have user-friendly, intuitive interfaces that guide users in presenting necessary traits. Thus, we must ask whether current biometric systems in airports are usable.