Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rough wetting

If a rough surface is put in contact with a wetting liquid, the roughness may be spontaneously invaded depending on the surface pattern and the wetting properties of the liquid. Here, we study the conditions for observing such an imbibition and present practical achievements where the wetting properties of the surface can be predicted and tuned by the design of a solid texture. The contact angle of a drop on such a surface (where solid and liquid coexist) is discussed. Finally, the dynamics of the liquid film is found to obey a diffusive-type law, as in the case of porous wicking.
A Commentary on: “Neural overlap in processing music and speech”

Citation: Kunert R and Slevc LR (2015) A Commentary on: " Neural overlap in processing music and speech ". There is growing interest in whether the brain networks responsive to music and language are separate after basic sensory processing or whether they share neural resources. Peretz et al.'s (2015) review on the available brain imaging evidence is a good moment to reflect on the field. We agree that " the question of overlap between music and speech processing must still be considered as an open question. " (p. 16) However, even though their review was not intended to be exhaustive, Peretz et al. (2015) have arguably focused too narrowly on neuroimaging results to give a fair assessment of current knowledge about music-language relationships. Firstly though, it is worth reiterating the limitations of neuroimaging studies. The fact that music experiments and language experiments reveal common brain regions (e.g., Koelsch et al., 2002; Herdener et al., 2014) is insufficient evidence for shared neural circuitry, as domain-specific neural populations might be intermingled within the same brain regions (especially given the resolution of noninvasive brain-imaging techniques). Similarly, different cognitive processes might underlie common activation sites, especially in pre-frontal areas. As just one example, attending to music over scanner noise might draw particularly strongly on prefrontal mechanisms of focused attention, compared to language perception, which might be more robust (especially in non-musicians). Therefore, Peretz et al. (2015) propose more sophisticated methods such as multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and adaptation paradigms. However, even these methods give equivocal interpretations: different patterns of activation in common brain areas (as revealed by MVPA) might reflect separate music-or-language neural populations within the same region (Rogalsky et al., 2011) or indicate the same neural population reacting differently to music and language (Abrams et al., 2011) possibly due to changes in functional connectivity. And while fMRI adaptation paradigms hold promise, it remains to be seen how they can be applied to this question (for two very different attempts see Steinbeis and Koelsch, 2008a; Sammler et al., 2010). Thus, the current brain imaging literature is indeed equivocal. However, looking beyond fMRI can be beneficial.
Impact of Chemical Analogs of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid on Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis: From Inhibition to Bypass of Coenzyme Q Deficiency

Coenzyme Q is a lipid that participates to important physiological functions. Coenzyme Q is synthesized in multiple steps from the precursor 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Mutations in enzymes that participate to coenzyme Q biosynthesis result in primary coenzyme Q deficiency, a type of mitochondrial disease. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation of patients is the classical treatment but it shows limited efficacy in some cases. The molecular understanding of the coenzyme Q biosynthetic pathway allowed the design of experiments to bypass deficient biosynthetic steps with analogs of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. These molecules provide the defective chemical group and can reactivate endogenous coenzyme Q biosynthesis as demonstrated recently in yeast, mammalian cell cultures, and mouse models of primary coenzyme Q deficiency. This mini review presents how the chemical properties of various analogs of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid dictate the effect of the molecules on CoQ biosynthesis and how the reactivation of endogenous coenzyme Q biosynthesis may achieve better results than exogenous CoQ10 supplementation.
Beyond cognitive-skills: the attitude towards school and its determinants in Spain with PISA 2009

Educational processes can provide both cognitive –knowledge and abilities– and non-cognitive –expectations or attitudes– outcomes. Despite the relevance of the latter, they have frequently been neglected in the Economics of Education literature. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the study of non-cognitive results, by means of the analysis of their determinants; in particular, this study analyses the determinants of the attitude towards school of 15-year-old Spanish students. A bivariate multilevel model is estimated, which simultaneously explains non-cognitive and cognitive achievements, using data from PISA 2009. Results suggest that the determinants of both types of skills may differ. Indeed, home educational resources, academic history, and teacher-student relationships are more influential than socioeconomic status or possession of material resources in explaining students’ motivation.
Détection et visualisation des communautés dans les réseaux sociaux augmentés

Les reseaux sociaux contiennent trois types de variables : structurelles, representant les interactions entre acteurs, de composition ou semantiques, qui decrivent les caracteristiques de chaque acteur, et d’affiliation, qui sont utilisees pour representer l’appartenance des nœuds aux differents groupes. A l’heure actuelle, la plupart des approches d’analyse des reseaux sociaux n’utilisent que l’information structurelle et d’affiliation, en perdant les descriptions semantiques de chaque acteur. Cet article propose un modele d’integration de l’information provenant d’un reseau social, qui permet d’identifier et de visualiser les communautes avec des criteres semantiques et structurels.
Adolescent Parents’ Partner Conflict and Parenting Alliance, Fathers’ Prenatal Involvement, and Fathers’ Engagement With Infants

The present study modeled the associations between adolescent mothers’ and young fathers’ perceptions of partner conflict, parenting alliance, fathers’ prenatal involvement, and father engagement with infants using a sample of 127 adolescent mothers and their partners. This study hypothesized that (a) higher quality parenting alliances would be associated with increased father engagement with infants, (b) prenatal partner conflict would have a negative spillover effect on the parenting alliance and father engagement during infancy, and (c) fathers’ prenatal involvement would be positively associated with parenting alliance and engagement during infancy. The results showed that mothers’ perceptions of parenting alliance during infancy were robust correlates of father engagement, mothers’ perceptions of prenatal partner conflict had a negative spillover effect on parenting alliance and father engagement with the infant as perceived by mothers, and fathers’ and mothers’ perceptions of fathers’ prenatal involvement were directly linked to engagement with infants.
Individual Variations in Maternal Care Early in Life Correlate with Later Life Decision-Making and c-Fos Expression in Prefrontal Subregions of Rats

Early life adversity affects hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, alters cognitive functioning and in humans is thought to increase the vulnerability to psychopathology–e.g. depression, anxiety and schizophrenia- later in life. Here we investigated whether subtle natural variations among individual rat pups in the amount of maternal care received, i.e. differences in the amount of licking and grooming (LG), correlate with anxiety and prefrontal cortex-dependent behavior in young adulthood. Therefore, we examined the correlation between LG received during the first postnatal week and later behavior in the elevated plus maze and in decision-making processes using a rodent version of the Iowa Gambling Task (rIGT). In our cohort of male and female animals a high degree of LG correlated with less anxiety in the elevated plus maze and more advantageous choices during the last 10 trials of the rIGT. In tissue collected 2 hrs after completion of the task, the correlation between LG and c-fos expression (a marker of neuronal activity) was established in structures important for IGT performance. Negative correlations existed between rIGT performance and c-fos expression in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, prelimbic cortex, infralimbic cortex and insular cortex. The insular cortex correlations between c-fos expression and decision-making performance depended on LG background; this was also true for the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in female rats. Dendritic complexity of insular or infralimbic pyramidal neurons did not or weakly correlate with LG background. We conclude that natural variations in maternal care received by pups may significantly contribute to later-life decision-making and activity of underlying brain structures.
Localization and activity of various lysosomal proteases in Leishmania amazonensis-infected macrophages

In mammalian hosts, Leishmania amastigotes are obligatory intracellular parasites of macrophages and multiply within parasitophorous vacuoles of phagolysosomal origin. To understand how they escape the harmful strategies developed by macrophages to kill ingested microorganisms, it is important to obtain information on the functional state of parasitophorous vacuole. For this purpose, we studied the intracellular distribution and activity of host lysosomal proteases in rat bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes. Localization of cathepsins B, H, L, and D was investigated by using specific immunoglobulins. In uninfected macrophages, these enzymes were located in perinuclear granules (most of them were probably secondary lysosomes) which, after infection, disappeared progressively. In infected macrophages, cathepsins were detected mainly in the parasitophorous vacuoles, suggesting that the missing secondary lysosomes had fused with these organelles. Biochemical assays of various proteases (cathepsins B, H, and D and dipeptidyl peptidases I and II) showed that infection was accompanied by a progressive increase of all activities tested, except that of dipeptidyl peptidase II, which remained constant. No more than 1 to 10% of these activities could be attributed to amastigotes. These data indicate that (i) Leishmania infection is followed by an increased synthesis and/or a reduced catabolism of host lysosomal proteases, and (ii) amastigotes grow in a compartment rich in apparently fully active proteases. Unexpectedly, it was found that infected and uninfected macrophages degraded endocytosed proteins similarly. The lack of correlation in infected macrophages between increase of protease activities and catabolism of exogenous proteins could be linked to the huge increase in volume of the lysosomal compartment.
The modulation of intercellular coupling in the retina.

Gap-junction coupling between retinal neurons of the same (homologous) or different (heterologous) type can be modulated dynamically by neurotransmitters and by the level of ambient illumination. The homologous coupling of both horizontal cells and rod (AII) amacrine cells is reduced by dopamine, but there appear to be cell and species differences in how the ambient illumination interacts with the dopaminergic system to modulate the coupling. Both the homologous coupling of horizontal cells and the heterologous coupling between AII amacrine cells and cone bipolar cells are reduced by nitric oxide, but it is not known if changes in illumination modulate coupling through an endogenous nitrergic mechanism. The heterologous coupling between rod and cone photoreceptors is modulated by illumination, but the endogenous mechanism has not been identified.
Role of Morpho-Syntactic Features in Estonian Proficiency Classification

We developed an approach to predict the proficiency level of Estonian language learners based on the CEFR guidelines. We performed learner classification by studying morphosyntactic variation and lexical richness in texts produced by learners of Estonian as a second language. We show that our features which exploit the rich morphology of Estonian by focusing on the nominal case and verbal mood are useful predictors for this task. We also show that re-formulating the classification problem as a multi-stage cascaded classification improves the classification accuracy. Finally, we also studied the effect of training data size on classification accuracy and found that more training data is beneficial in only some of the cases.
Sparse variable reduced rank regression via Stiefel optimization

Reduced rank regression (RRR) has found application in various fields of signal processing. In this paper we propose a novel extension of the RRR model which we call sparse variable reduced rank regression (svRRR). By using a vector l1 penalty we remove variables completely from the RRR. The proposed estimation algorithm involves optimization on the Stiefel manifold and we illustrate it both on a simulated and a real functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data set.
MODELING CONFIGURABLE PRODUCT FAMILIES

This paper presents a method for managing and modelling a product family as a configurable product. The method enables efficient management of a large number of product variants. The modeling is based on a recently proposed conceptualization of configuration domain, which is a synthesis and extension of the main approaches to configuration. The concepts of the conceptualization are components, attributes, resources, ports, contexts, functions and constraints. In addition to discussing the concepts, we give guidelines on using them. The conceptualization was evaluated through a case study of modelling rock drilling equipment. The conceptualization matched the modeling needs in the case product. Some improvements to the conceptualization are proposed on the basis of the case study. The guidelines should also be extended and refined. Information technology support for modelling was found to be necessary for full-scale use of the conceptualization. The conceptualization is primarily intended for representing configuration models. However, we present some possibilities for utilizing the conceptualization in the product development process.
Recurrent periodontal abscess associated with “teeth as a tool”

We report an unusual case of recurrent periodontal abscess in a 31-year-old male electrician due to his habit of using his teeth as a tool for stripping electrical wires. The patient was not aware of the consequences of this habit. Clinically, there was presence of moderate depth of periodontal pocket around the tooth and, radiographically, there was a vertical defect mesial to the involved teeth. The patient was educated about the consequences of his habit and surgical treatment was undertaken. A papilla preservation flap with regenerative periodontal surgical procedure was done, orthodontic and restorative treatment was planned at the follow-up. This case highlights the importance of eliciting a proper and complete personal history, including occupational details. In our patient these details helped us correlate the destruction of the periodontium to the unusual etiology.
Value Chain Creation through Digital Innovation: The Ebb and Flow of Communality and Connectivity in a Networked Interorganizational System

Communality and connectivity are types of public goods offered in online spaces. As theoretical concepts, they provide design insight for the creation and understanding of interorganizational collaboration tools in multisided networks and value chains. In this paper, we present an extension of communality and connectivity that enables an examination of how organizations create value with networked organization-to-organization (O2O) systems. We use the framework as a lens for a case study involving the historical development of an online technology and its organization (MarketMaker) over 16 years that reframed the backbone of the agricultural market in the U.S. From a supply chain to a network. MarketMaker successfully interwove consumers, farmers, universities, government agencies, and states based on its innovation to connect stakeholders in novel ways around information and communication. As a central system in reconfiguring the value chain, MarketMaker provided services to the food industry not previously enabled. A number of important lessons learned about effective use of communality and connectivity are discussed.
Discovery and Validation of Prognostic Biomarker Models to Guide Triage among Adult Dengue Patients at Early Infection

Background Dengue results in a significant public health burden in endemic regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of warning signs (WS) to stratify patients at risk of severe dengue disease in 2009. However, WS is limited in stratifying adult dengue patients at early infection (Day 1–3 post fever), who require close monitoring in hospitals to prevent severe dengue. The aim of this study is to identify and validate prognostic models, built with differentially expressed biomarkers, that enable the early identification of those with early dengue infection that require close clinical monitoring. Methods RNA microarray and protein assays were performed to identify differentially expressed biomarkers of severity among 92 adult dengue patients recruited at early infection from years 2005–2008. This comprised 47 cases who developed WS after first presentation and required hospitalization (WS+Hosp), as well as 45 controls who did not develop WS after first presentation and did not require hospitalization (Non-WS+Non-Hosp). Independent validation was conducted with 80 adult dengue patients recruited from years 2009–2012. Prognostic models were developed based on forward stepwise and backward elimination estimation, using multiple logistic regressions. Prognostic power was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results The WS+Hosp group had significantly higher viral load (P<0.001), lower platelet (P<0.001) and lymphocytes counts (P = 0.004) at early infection compared to the Non-WS+Non-Hosp group. From the RNA microarray and protein assays, the top single RNA and protein prognostic models at early infection were CCL8 RNA (AUC:0.73) and IP-10 protein (AUC:0.74), respectively. The model with CCL8, VPS13C RNA, uPAR protein, and with CCL8, VPS13C RNA and platelets were the best biomarker models for stratifying adult dengue patients at early infection, with sensitivity and specificity up to 83% and 84%, respectively. These results were tested in the independent validation group, showing sensitivity and specificity up to 96% and 54.6%, respectively. Conclusions At early infection, adult dengue patients who later presented WS and require hospitalization have significantly different pathophysiology compared with patients who consistently presented no WS and / or require no hospitalization. The molecular prognostic models developed and validated here based on these pathophysiology differences, could offer earlier and complementary indicators to the clinical WHO 2009 WS guide, in order to triage adult dengue patients at early infection.
Extracting South African safety and security incident patterns from social media

The use of social media data to gain insights into public phenomena is a potentially powerful tool. We present the use of social media data analysis, connected with crime and public safety incidents, to better understand reoccurring topics and potentially feed into an automated incident detection application. We collected a size-able dataset of Twitter posts (more than 60,000) over a 3 month period by monitoring crime and public safety related keywords linked to accounts. By splitting the data into two categories we are able to extract topics as well as compare and contrast how monitoring official crime and public safety accounts differs from monitoring individuals and organisations that may not be part of that group. Finally we discuss a prototype application, which uses social media data as well as locations to calculate metrics using potential crime and public safety related incidents.
Legal atlas: access to legal sources through maps

The Leibniz Center for Law is involved in the project DURP (Digital exchange of spatial plans) which develops an XML-based digital exchange format for spatial regulations. Involvement in the DURP project offers new possibilities to test the feasibility of a machine readable regulative framework related to an object oriented representation of the real world such as the zoning plan. This marriage enables access to legal source through maps and vice versa. The combination supports increased transparency and delivery. We describe the combined architecture of the MetaLex XML schema for 'regular' legal sources that we developed in the past with geospatial regulatory information. We have developed a prototype viewer application and demonstrate how the spatial planning information in GML can be combined with MetaLex XML using the Web Ontology Language OWL.
So great a heritage as ours: immigration and the survival of the Canadian polity.

The role of immigration in Canadas development is reviewed with a focus on the period since World War II. Attention is paid to the consequences of the changing ethnic make-up of the immigrant population and how it has affected multiculturalism and bilingualism. The author also considers the future impact of current changes in the immigrant population from primarily European to Asian in character. The focus is on the impact of immigration on questions posed by the choice between "balkanization and assimilation between petty nationalism and laissez-faire continentalism between a begrudging ungenerous dualism and a separated Quebec. " (EXCERPT)
Workplace Management and Employee Misuse: Does Punishment Matter?

With the ubiquitous deployment of Internet, workplace Internet misuse has raised increasing concern for organizations. Research has demonstrated employee reactions to monitoring systems and how they are implemented. However, little is known about the impact of punishment-related policies on employee intention to misuse Internet. To extend this line of research beyond prior studies, this paper proposes an integrated research model applying Theory of Planned Behavior, Deterrence Theory, and Theory of Ethics to examine the impact of punishment-related policy on employees' Internet misuse intentions. The results indicate that perceived importance, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms have significant influence on employee intention to avoid Internet misuse. Contrary to expectations, there is no support for the influence of punishment severity and punishment certainty.
Power, Discourse, and Symbolic Violence in Professional Youth Soccer: The Case of Albion Football Club

A sociological analysis was conducted into the collective nature of coaching as manifest in the triangular interaction between coach, athlete, and context within English professional youth soccer. The work of Pierre Bourdieu is predominantly used to interpret data collected ethnographically over the course of a 10-month season. Findings show how an authoritarian discourse is established and maintained, how it is structured by and subsequently structures the coaching context, and how accompanying behaviors are misrecognized as legitimate by both coaches and players. We conclude by reflecting on the limits of such work and its implications for future coaching education.