Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergence of surface states in nanoscale Cu2N islands

The bulk electronic band structure of solids first emerges from atomic orbitals in nanoscale clusters. The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a useful tool for studying the properties of nanoclusters on surfaces ranging in size from 1 to >10 4 atoms. Tunneling spectroscopy can probe the valence orbitals of single adatoms 1 and the evolution of quantumconfinementinatomicchains 2 oradatomislands 3,4 on metal surfaces. Recently, there has been considerable interest in isolating such structures from the metal surface by using an intervening, few-monolayer-thick insulating film (e.g., Cu2N, NaCl, Al2O3 ,M gO). 5‐7 Ultrathin insulating films are themselvesaformofnanocluster;priorstudieshaveshownthat a bulk-like band gap is already established in few-layer NaCl 8 and MgO films. 9 While these studies probed the influence of quantumconfinementinonedimensiondowntothenanometer scale, the lateral sizes of such films were too large to see additional confinement effects. Here, we study the emergence of electronic states in one-atomic-layer-thick Cu2N films, ranging in lateral area from quasi-continuous monolayers to sub-nm 2 islands. STM measurements reveal the quantum-confined blueshift of an unoccupied state with decreasing island area down to ∼1.5 nm 2 , corresponding to ∼50 atoms. While similar quantum-confined energy shifts have been observed in a variety of STM studies, 4 our studies extend down to smaller islands (0.5 nm 2 or 12 atoms), where the state itself is no longer observed. This trend is qualitatively reproduced in our density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the local density of states (LDOS). In contrast, a higher-energy state exhibits no systematic shift with area and persists down to the smallest islands studied. Our DFT calculations suggest that this contrasting behavior reflects the different effective masses of the two Cu2N bands, and their proximity in energy to a Cu surface state.
A person-centered care intervention for geriatric certified nursing assistants.

PURPOSE To pilot test a multicomponent intervention to increase certified nursing assistants' (CNAs) awareness of person-centered care. To establish the feasibility of implementing an intervention involving videotaped biographies of residents and videotapes of resident/CNA caregiving interactions. DESIGN AND METHODS A training program was provided at two nursing homes (NHs) using a wait-list control design. Levels of dyadic relationship closeness and satisfaction were compared prepost. Video recordings of CNA/resident interactions were coded for person-centered care using two observational instruments. RESULTS Based on data from 19 resident/aide dyads, the findings were that resident's perceptions of relationship closeness increased significantly posttraining at both NHs, NH1, z = -1.89, p < . 05, and the NH2, z = -1.95, p < . 05. Effects were also seen with the CNA's perceptions of satisfaction and closeness, and resident satisfaction. IMPLICATIONS The findings suggest that this type of intervention is feasible and warrants further research.
Mechanical Evaluation of Laminates Based on Phenolic Resins using Lignins as Partial Substitutes for Phenol

Reducing the consumption of phenol during synthesis of phenolic resins is of great technological and scientific interest because of its economic and environmental implications. In this work, the use of hydroxymethylated lignins as a partial replacement for phenol in resol phenol-formaldehyde resins used for the production of decorative laminates was experimentally studied. The work involved: i) the industrial synthesis of traditional and modified resols with 10%w/w of sodium lignosulfonate and kraft-type lignin; ii) the industrial impregnation of kraft-type paper with the produced resins; iii) the production of laminates on both laboratory and industrial scales; and iv) the measurement of their final properties. The mechanical performance of the laminates was evaluated via the determination of the Young modulus, bending strength, biaxial impact strength, and Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness. The (modified and traditional) laminates exhibited statistically significant differences in mechanical properties. However, the partial lignin replacement did not produce effects that were detrimental to the overall performance of the decorative laminates.
PREPARATION AND SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO LIPOSOMES CONTAINING OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT

Olive leaf extract is a rich source of phenolic compounds that has antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Phenolic compounds have been inactive gradually like other bioactive compounds and make a bitter taste in foods. Microencapsulation has been introduced as an effective technique for improve stability and prevention of bitter taste of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to capsulate of phenolic compounds of olive leaves extract as Nano liposomes. Nano liposomes are prepared using of phosphatidil Colin, cholesterol and olive Leaf extract by ethanol injection method and analyzed for particle size, Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. The mean volumetric diameters of liposomes were at the range of 50-100nm. All liposomes formulations had negative charged which increased with addition of extract up to phosphatidil Colin/extract ratio of 5/1, but higher concentration of extract led to decrease in negative charges of liposomes. Overall encapsulation efficiency of nano liposomes were 74-78 % but decreased to 57 % in phosphatidil Colin/extract ratio of 1/1. Infra-red Spectroscopy assay of samples showed there were not any chemical and physical interaction between polyphenolic compounds of olive leaves and liposomes structure. The results indicated the possibility of encapsulation of phenolic compound of olive leaves as Nano liposomes with desired properties and efficiency.
Re-engineering an alphoidtetO-HAC-based vector to enable high-throughput analyses of gene function

Human artificial chromosome (HAC)-based vectors represent an alternative technology for gene delivery and expression with a potential to overcome the problems caused by the use of viral-based vectors. The recently developed alphoidtetO-HAC has an advantage over other HAC vectors because it can be easily eliminated from cells by inactivation of the HAC kinetochore via binding of tTS chromatin modifiers to its centromeric tetO sequences. This provides unique control for phenotypes induced by genes loaded into the alphoidtetO-HAC. However, inactivation of the HAC kinetochore requires transfection of cells by a retrovirus vector, a step that is potentially mutagenic. Here, we describe an approach to re-engineering the alphoidtetO-HAC that allows verification of phenotypic changes attributed to expression of genes from the HAC without a transfection step. In the new HAC vector, a tTS-EYFP cassette is inserted into a gene-loading site along with a gene of interest. Expression of the tTS generates a self-regulating fluctuating heterochromatin on the alphoidtetO-HAC that induces fast silencing of the genes on the HAC without significant effects on HAC segregation. This silencing of the HAC-encoded genes can be readily recovered by adding doxycycline. The newly modified alphoidtetO-HAC-based system has multiple applications in gene function studies.
Assessment of Personality Organization in Couple Relationships: Factorial Structure of the Inventory of Personality Organization and Incremental Validity Over Neuroticism

Drawing on a sample of 372 French-Canadian couples, this study examined the factorial structure of a 20-item abbreviated version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) across a sample of couples and tested if identity diffusion, primitive defenses, and reality testing explain additional variance in couple distress when controlling for neuroticism. The IPO is based on Kernberg's conceptualization of personality organization (Kernberg, 1976). Gender differences were also studied through an examination of the value of both self-reported and partner-reported personality in the prediction of each partner's couple satisfaction. Results of confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the tripartite model of the short version of the IPO provided an acceptable fit and proved invariant when tested on couples. Actor–Partner Interdependence Model analyses (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006) showed that elevated neuroticism predicted higher endorsement of primitive defenses, which in turn predict couple dissatisfaction. There was also a direct, negative path from neuroticism to dyadic adjustment. Finally, self-reported neuroticism scores predicted high utilization of primitive defenses by the partner, and low partner-reported couple satisfaction. Furthermore, high self-reported utilization of primitive defenses predicted low couple satisfaction.
Dendritic cells in colonic patches and iliac lymph nodes are essential in mucosal IgA induction following intrarectal administration via CCR7 interaction

This study examined dendritic cells (DC) following intrarectal (IR) vaccination with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). Three rounds of IR vaccination with ovalbumin (OVA) and CT resulted in brisk levels of systemic and mucosal Ig responses. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that CD11c+ MHC class II+ cells accumulated primarily in the colonic patches (CP) and lamina propria of the large intestine (LI‐LP), iliac LN (ILN) and MLN following IR vaccination with CT. Adoptively transferred CFSE‐labeled OVA‐specific CD4+ T cells proliferated significantly, secreting predominantly Th1‐type cytokines in the CP (48 h after IR vaccination with CT) and Th2‐type cytokines in the ILN (96 h after IR vaccination with CT). Following three IR vaccinations, CP‐null mice that were generated by in utero treatment with anti‐IL‐7R Ab showed reduced levels of serum IgG and fecal IgA antibodies, suggesting a crucial role for CP in the initiation of systemic and mucosal immune responses. Of most interest, IR vaccination reduced IgA levels in fecal extracts significantly more in the CCR7–/– mice than in the wild‐type mice. These results indicate that IR vaccination primarily mobilizes CD11c+ cells in the CP and ILN to induce optimal mucosal immune responses by CCR7 interaction.
Simultaneous Rate-Synchrony Codes in Populations of Spiking Neurons

Firing rates and synchronous firing are often simultaneously relevant signals, and they independently or cooperatively represent external sensory inputs, cognitive events, and environmental situations such as body position. However, how rates and synchrony comodulate and which aspects of inputs are effectively encoded, particularly in the presence of dynamical inputs, are unanswered questions. We examine theoretically how mixed information in dynamic mean input and noise input is represented by dynamic population firing rates and synchrony. In a subthreshold regime, amplitudes of spatially uncorrelated noise are encoded up to a fairly high input frequency, but this requires both rate and synchrony output channels. In a suprathreshold regime, means and common noise amplitudes can be simultaneously and separately encoded by rates and synchrony, respectively, but the input frequency for which this is possible has a lower limit.
Multiresolution streaming mesh with shape preserving and QoS-like controlling

How to transmit 3D meshes efficiently has become an important topic on Web3D platform, since there are more and more people need to use 3D models on the Internet. The data size of a geometric 3D model is usually large for being able to represent more details of the model, although we do not need to use such a detail model in most cases. Hence, to offer 3D model which shape and features could still be recognized easily with less data size is necessary. Additionally, the network bandwidth of the Internet is not stable actually, how much data is suitable for Internet is also a question. Therefore, we propose a new multiresolution streaming mesh for Internet transmission with QoS-like (Quality of Service) controlling in this paper.While transmitting the streaming mesh with our system, the server first delivers a simplified mesh model with the data size according to the current network bandwidth. If the user at the client side needs to use a more detail model, the server then sends some necessary patches to the client, so that the client program could show the detail model progressively. Our approach is different from previous works, for Web3D utilization, the size of the patch data which is used for reconstructing the original 3D model is less, and the shape and features of the simplified model could still be recognized easily. Moreover, our method needs no complex computations, to generate this streaming mesh on demand is possible. With the QoS-like controlling, the transmission rate between the server and the client has been controlled automatically and the users could get the 3D models with proper qualities as their network situations.
DSP-based multi-format video decoding engine for media adapter applications

There are four major components in a generic digital home framework: media center, set-top box, media adapter and portable viewer. In this paper, we present a DSP-based multi-format video decoding engine for realizing media adapter application. By choosing a powerful DSP core and designing an efficient and configurable software engine, the proposed solution is believed to possess low-cost and high-flexibility advantages at the same time. In our current implementation, the video decoding engine can decode most of the major video formats in the market, such as MPEG-1/2/4, H.264/AVC baseline/main, VC-I and its precedents, and some other MPEG-4-like formats. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the decoding engine: videos up to SD resolution can be decoded seamlessly. The engine has been successfully integrated into an available media adapter module and the corresponding product. Our future work is to enhance the engine performance capable of handling HD contents.
Neonatal Bone Mass: Influence of Parental Birthweight, Maternal Smoking, Body Composition, and Activity During Pregnancy

Evidence is accumulating that intrauterine growth and development may influence an individual's risk of osteoporosis in later adult life. To examine maternal and paternal influences on intrauterine skeletal growth, we used dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry to measure the neonatal bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of 145 infants born at term. Independently of the infant's duration of gestation at birth, the birthweights of both parents and the height of the father were positively correlated with neonatal whole body BMC. Women who smoked during pregnancy had infants with a lower whole body BMC and BMD; overall, there was a 7.1‐g (11%) average difference between whole body BMC of infants whose mothers did and did not smoke during pregnancy (p = 0.005). Women with thinner triceps skinfold thicknesses (reflecting lower fat stores) and those who reported a faster walking pace and more frequent vigorous activity in late pregnancy also tended to have infants with a lower BMC and BMD (p values for BMC; 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05, respectively). Maternal thinness and faster walking pace but not maternal smoking or parental birthweight also were associated with lower bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). The influences on skeletal growth and mineralization were independent of placental weight, a marker of the placental capacity to deliver nutrients to the fetus. These observations point to a combination of genetic and intrauterine environmental influences on prenatal skeletal development and suggest that environmental modulation, even at this early stage of life, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in adulthood.
Memantine for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients receiving whole-brain radiotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND To determine the protective effects of memantine on cognitive function in patients receiving whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). METHODS Adult patients with brain metastases received WBRT and were randomized to receive placebo or memantine (20 mg/d), within 3 days of initiating radiotherapy for 24 weeks. Serial standardized tests of cognitive function were performed. RESULTS Of 554 patients who were accrued, 508 were eligible. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities and study compliance were similar in the 2 arms. There was less decline in delayed recall in the memantine arm at 24 weeks (P = .059), but the difference was not statistically significant, possibly because there were only 149 analyzable patients at 24 weeks, resulting in only 35% statistical power. The memantine arm had significantly longer time to cognitive decline (hazard ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.62-0.99, P = .01); the probability of cognitive function failure at 24 weeks was 53.8% in the memantine arm and 64.9% in the placebo arm. Superior results were seen in the memantine arm for executive function at 8 (P = .008) and 16 weeks (P = .0041) and for processing speed (P = .0137) and delayed recognition (P = .0149) at 24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Memantine was well tolerated and had a toxicity profile very similar to placebo. Although there was less decline in the primary endpoint of delayed recall at 24 weeks, this lacked statistical significance possibly due to significant patient loss. Overall, patients treated with memantine had better cognitive function over time; specifically, memantine delayed time to cognitive decline and reduced the rate of decline in memory, executive function, and processing speed in patients receiving WBRT. RTOG 0614, ClinicalTrials.gov number CT00566852.
Toward a Distance Oracle for Billion-Node Graphs

The emergence of real life graphs with billions of nodes poses significant challenges for managing and querying these graphs. One of the fundamental queries submitted to graphs is the shortest distance query. Online BFS (breadth-first search) and offline pre-computing pairwise shortest distances are prohibitive in time or space complexity for billion-node graphs. In this paper, we study the feasibility of building distance oracles for billion-node graphs. A distance oracle provides approximate answers to shortest distance queries by using a pre-computed data structure for the graph. Sketch-based distance oracles are good candidates because they assign each vertex a sketch of bounded size, which means they have linear space complexity. However, state-of-the-art sketch-based distance oracles lack efficiency or accuracy when dealing with big graphs. In this paper, we address the scalability and accuracy issues by focusing on optimizing the three key factors that affect the performance of distance oracles: landmark selection, distributed BFS, and answer generation. We conduct extensive experiments on both real networks and synthetic networks to show that we can build distance oracles of affordable cost and efficiently answer shortest distance queries even for billion-node graphs.
Dysregulated MicroRNA Expression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. The cause of IBS remains unknown and seems to be multifactorial. Several mechanisms, infection, food, and psychiatric factors have been suggested as possible etiologic links to the development of IBS1 and also, there has been increasing evidence of a genetic contribution in IBS. IBS aggregates in families, and the concordance for monozygotic twins is almost twice as great as that for dizygotic twins.2 Serotonin receptor type 3 (5-HT3) is an important neurotransmitter in the gut, and abnormal 5-HT3 signaling has been implicated in a number functional GI disorders, including IBS. In the current issue of this journal, Zhang et al3 tried to determine the relationship of the polymorphism both to 5-HT3E expression in the intestine and to the occurrence of Chinese functional gastrointestinal disorders. They concluded that the single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs56109847 led to reduced microRNA (miRNA) binding and overexpression of the target gene in intestinal cells, thereby increasing diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) risk in the Chinese Han population. The decreased expression of miRNA-510 might contribute to IBS-D. MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of normal biological functioning process such as cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Therefore, dysregulation of miRNA can result in the development of human diseases, including GI disorders. A recent study has reported that microRNA-related expression regulation of a serotonin receptor gene with a cis-regulatory variant affected this regulation and appeared to be associated with female IBS-D4 and miRNA-29a effects on intestinal membrane permeability through its regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase gene.5 The regulation of miRNA-510 on 5-HT3E expression and the possible association between 5-HT3E single nucleotide polymorphism rs56109847 and IBS-D are interesting findings of this study. However, the small sample size and study population that is restricted to women are the limitations of this study. And also, as in the analysis about a genetic polymorphism in the genetic encoding for activity of the serotonin transporter protein,6 more investigations might be needed in the future for the confirmation of this relationship.
Spectral Mesh Processing

Spectral methods for mesh processing and analysis rely on the eigenvalues, eigenvectors, or eigenspace projections derived from appropriately defined mesh operators to carry out desired tasks. Early work in this area can be traced back to the seminal paper by Taubin in 1995, where spectral analysis of mesh geometry based on a combinatorial Laplacian aids our understanding of the low‐pass filtering approach to mesh smoothing. Over the past 15 years, the list of applications in the area of geometry processing which utilize the eigenstructures of a variety of mesh operators in different manners have been growing steadily. Many works presented so far draw parallels from developments in fields such as graph theory, computer vision, machine learning, graph drawing, numerical linear algebra, and high‐performance computing. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on the spectral approach, focusing on its power and versatility in solving geometry processing problems and attempting to bridge the gap between relevant research in computer graphics and other fields. Necessary theoretical background is provided. Existing works covered are classified according to different criteria: the operators or eigenstructures employed, application domains, or the dimensionality of the spectral embeddings used. Despite much empirical success, there still remain many open questions pertaining to the spectral approach. These are discussed as we conclude the survey and provide our perspective on possible future research.