Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Male and female range use in a group of white‐bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador

Spider monkeys (Ateles sp.) live in a flexible fission–fusion social system in which members of a social group are not in constant association, but instead form smaller subgroups of varying size and composition. Patterns of range use in spider monkeys have been described as sex‐segregated, with males and females often ranging separately, females utilizing core areas that encompass only a fraction of the entire community range, and males using much larger portions of the community range that overlap considerably with the core areas of females and other males. Males are also reported to use the boundary areas of community home ranges more often than females. Spider monkeys thus seem to parallel the “male‐bonded” patterns of ranging and association found among some groups of chimpanzees. Over several years of research on one group of spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador, we characterized the ranging patterns of adult males and females and evaluated the extent to which they conform to previously reported patterns. In contrast to ranging patterns seen at several other spider monkey sites, the ranges of our study females overlapped considerably, with little evidence of exclusive use of particular areas by individual monkeys. Average male and female home range size was comparable, and males and females were similar in their use of boundary areas. These ranging patterns are similar to those of “bisexually bonded” groups of chimpanzees in West Africa. We suggest that the less sex‐segregated ranging patterns seen in this particular group of spider monkeys may be owing to a history of human disturbance in the area and to lower genetic relatedness between males, highlighting the potential for flexibility some aspects of the spider monkeys' fission–fusion social system. Am. J. Primatol. 72:129–141, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformal anomaly as a source of soft photons in heavy ion collisions.

We introduce a novel photon production mechanism stemming from the conformal anomaly of QCD×QED and the existence of strong (electro)magnetic fields in heavy ion collisions. Using the hydrodynamical description of the bulk modes of QCD plasma, we show that this mechanism leads to the photon production yield that is comparable to the yield from conventional sources. This mechanism also provides a significant positive contribution to the azimuthal anisotropy of photons, v(2), as well as to the radial "flow. " We compare our results to the data from the PHENIX Collaboration.
Do the five A's work when physicians counsel about weight loss?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES More than two thirds of Americans are overweight or obese. Physician counseling may help patients lose weight; however, physicians perceive these discussions as somewhat futile and time-consuming. An effective and efficient tool for smoking cessation is the Five A's (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange). We studied the effectiveness of the Five A's in weight-loss counseling. METHODS We audiorecorded primary care encounters between 40 physicians and 461 of their overweight or obese patients. All were told the study was about preventive health, not weight specifically. Encounters were coded for physician use of the Five A's. Patients' motivation and confidence were assessed before and immediately after the encounter. Three months later, we assessed patient change in dietary fat intake, exercise, and weight. RESULTS Generalized linear models were fit adjusting for patient clustering within physician. Physicians used at least one of the Five A's often (83%). Physicians routinely Ask and Advise patients to lose weight; however, they rarely Assess, Assist, or Arrange. Assist and Arrange were related to diet improvement, whereas Advise was associated with increases in motivation and confidence to change dietary fat intake and confidence to lose weight. CONCLUSIONS Similar to smoking cessation counseling, physicians routinely Asked and Advised patients to lose weight; however, they rarely Assessed, Assisted, or Arranged. Given the potential impact of using all of these counseling tools on changing patient behavior, physicians should be encouraged to increase their use of the Five A's when counseling patients to lose weight.
A proliferative melanoma cell phenotype is responsive to RAF/MEK inhibition independent of BRAF mutation status

Oncogenic mutations within the MAPK pathway are frequent in melanoma, and targeting of MAPK signaling has yielded spectacular responses in a significant number of patients that last for several months before relapsing. We investigated the effects of two different inhibitors of MAPK signaling in proliferative and invasive melanoma cell cultures with various mutations in the MAPK pathway. Proliferative melanoma cells were more susceptible to pathway inhibition than invasive phenotype cells, irrespective of BRAF mutation status, while invasive phenotype cell response was dependent on BRAF mutation status. Critically, MAPK pathway inhibition of proliferative phenotype cells resulted in acquisition of invasive phenotype characteristics. These results show that melanoma cell phenotype is an important factor in MAPK pathway inhibition response. This suggests that while current therapeutic strategies target proliferative melanoma cells, future approaches should also account for the invasive phenotype population.
Section Editor: Progression of Leukoaraiosis and Cognition

Background and Purpose—Leukoaraiosis is used interchangeably with the term white matter lesions on MRI and seen to some degree in more than half of the routine scans in older persons. Clinicians often struggle to explain the implications of these findings to their patients. Recent data on the progression rate of ischemic white matter damage and its cognitive consequences may help in patient counseling and have implications on treatment trials in vascular cognitive impairment. Summary of Review—Leukoaraiosis progresses over time. Its extent at baseline is an important predictor for the subsequent rate of lesion progression. Subjects with punctate abnormalities on MRI have a low tendency for progression, individuals with early confluent and confluent changes tend to progress rapidly. Differences in measurement methods and cohort composition make it difficult to compare progression rates reported by different studies. Nevertheless, in community-dwelling cohorts, white matter lesions volume increased by as much as one quarter per year in subjects with confluent abnormalities at baseline. Progression of leukoaraiosis relates to cognitive decline, but this association is complex and modulated by other morphological factors like brain atrophy. Conclusions—Evidence for rapid progression of widespread leukoaraiosis and the associated cognitive decline in domains particularly affected by cerebral small vessel disease has set the stage for exploratory clinical trials in vascular cognitive impairment using white matter lesions progression as a surrogate marker.
Contextual problem detection and management during software execution in complex environments

Purpose – From the point of view of computing environments, the paper aims to present a goal‐based contextual problem detection and management (GCPDM) method whose core benefit in its extendability of detection capability to deal with unpredicted problems.Design/methodology/approach – Approaches the subject by designing a goal graph, designing actions, designing achievable relations between actions and goals, defining contextual factors of each action, defining CCGs and implementing the GCPD engine.Findings – That self‐managed, as opposed to traditional, software is designed to avoid runtime failures by adapting to unpredictable situations.Originality/value – This paper presents a GCPDM method.
Thiamine and Thiaminase Status in Forage Fish of Salmonines from Lake Michigan

Abstract Dietary sources of thiamine (vitamin B1) and thiamine-degrading enzymes (thiaminases) are thought to be primary factors in the development of thiamine deficiency among Great Lakes salmonines. We surveyed major forage fish species in Lake Michigan for their content of thiamine, thiamine vitamers, and thiaminase activity. Concentrations of total thiamine were similar (P ≤ 0.05) among most forage fishes (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, bloater Coregonus hoyi, spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius, deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii, yellow perch Perca flavescens, ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius, and round goby Neogobius melanostomus) and slightly lower in rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax. Concentrations of total thiamine were all above the dietary requirements of coldwater fishes, suggesting the thiamine content of forage fish is not the critical factor in the development of thiamine deficiency in Lake Michigan salmonines. Thiamine pyrophosphate was the predominant form of thiamine in most .
Improving preschoolers' "self control" :: differentially reinforcing the choice of larger, delayed over smaller, immediate rewards.

Improving Preschooler's "Self-Control" • Differentiallly Reinforcing the Choice of Larger, Delayed Over Smaller, Immediate Rewards September, 1987 JULIE BETH SCHWEITZER M.S., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Beth Sulzer-Azarof f Choosing larger or otherwise more reinforcing stimuli, despite a time delay, in preference to smaller but immediate reinforcers is an important aspect of selfcontrol. Can young children, including those who are identified as exhibiting hyperactive behavior or conduct problems, and who have been found consistently to choose smaller but immediately obtained rewards, be taught to wait for larger rewards instead? Five children, (and one comparison subject) three of whom were labeled hyperactive or who displayed conduct problems, were preassessed and found to select small, immediate rewards much more often than larger, more delayed ones. Treatment consisted of shaping the child's choice of the delayed reward by differentially reinforcing that choice with more reinforcers than for the more immediate selection, while gradually increasing the durations of the delay interval by very small increments. The postassessments showed that all five children increased their proportions of choice of the delayed rewards. While prior to training, the point at which the children selected either reward about equally often (point of indifference) ranged from 1.5 to 51.5 seconds, following shaping, their points of indifference rose to a range of from 37.5 to at least 90 seconds. Apparently it is possible to shape choice of delayed rewards by differentially reinforcing those choices in a series of small graduated increments in the delay interval.
Eigenverantwortung in der Arbeitsmarktpolitik: zwischen Handlungsautonomie und Zwangsmaßnahmen

Dieser Beitrag versucht eine differenzierte Betrachtung der Angemessenheit des ar-beitsmarktpolitischen Instrumentariums. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, wie die Neukon-zeption der Arbeitsmarktpolitik an die bisherigen Entwicklungen der Arbeitsforderung anschliest und inwiefern durch die jungsten arbeitsmarktpolitischen Reformen eine Starkung der Eigenverantwortung im Sinne einer groseren Handlungsautonomie (vgl. dazu Bothfeld/Gronbach 2002) erreicht wird. Hinsichtlich der neuesten Rege-lungen konnen die Wirkungen zwangslaufig zunachst nur abgeschatzt werden.
PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY PHOTOQUIZ

Case Report A 1-month-old girl was referred for evaluation of a grand erythematous mass on the right leg. The lesion was present at birth and subsequently doubled in size by the time of presentation. On physical examination, a firm subcutaneous nodule measuring 5.6 by 3.7 cm was present on the right leg (Fig. 1). Magnetic resonance imaging showed the mass involving the whole of the anterior compartment of the leg. (Fig. 2). There was no bone infiltration. The mass was biopsied (Figs. 3 and 4). Immunophenotyping revealed that the neoplasm was positive for vimentin, actin, myogenin, and myoD1.
Profils patients associés à la non conformité des décisions aux recommandations de prise en charge thérapeutique des cancers du sein : utilisation de l'analyse de concepts formels

Les systemes d'aide a la decision medicale permettent d'ameliorer le suivi des recommandations de pratique clinique. OncoDoc2 est un tel systeme s’appuyant sur des recommandations de prise en charge du cancer du sein. Malgre son utilisation en routine lors de reunions de concertation pluridisciplinaire de senologie, des decisions non conformes aux recommandations subsistent. L'objectif est d'utiliser l'analyse de concepts formels afin de caracteriser les profils patients associes aux deux modalites de la conformite. Deux etapes de pre-traitement permettant de simplifier les donnees a analyser sont proposees : une reduction d'attributs par suppression de ceux non statistiquement associes a la non conformite, et un gommage selectif de valeurs. Parmi les decisions recueillies sur 3 ans a l'hopital Tenon, 198 concernent la reprise chirurgicale et ont ete analysees. Les profils patients associes a la non conformite retrouves sont ceux pour lesquels il n'existe pas de preuve scientifique des recommandations. Mots-cles :
Towards Precise Indoor RF Localization

Precise indoor localization of wireless nodes remains a challenge today. While there are radio-frequency (RF) methods that offer significant advantages, the balance between accuracy, range, and cost is suboptimal for many applications. Radio interferometry has been shown to be effective outdoors, however, its applicability indoors has not been demonstrated mainly due to its sensitivity to multipath. This paper presents a roadmap outlining how the method can be enhanced to advance the state-of-the-art in indoor RF localization.
Interaction of New, Very Potent Non-Nucleotide Antagonists with Arg256 of the Human Platelet P2Y12 Receptor

The P2Y12 receptor plays a crucial role in platelet aggregation. In the present study, we analyzed the properties of non-nucleotide antagonists at the recombinant human P2Y12 receptor and searched for amino acids involved in the molecular interaction. Receptor function was assessed by measuring the cAMP response element (CRE)-directed luciferase expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The cellular cAMP production was accelerated by forskolin; 2-methylthio-ADP was used to activate the wild-type P2Y12 receptor or mutant constructs. 2-Methylthio-ADP inhibited the CRE-dependent luciferase expression with an IC50 value of approximately 1 nM. The anthraquinone derivative reactive blue 2 used at increasing concentrations shifted the concentration-response curve of 2-methylthio-ADP to the right in a manner compatible with competitive antagonism (pA2 value, 7.4). Its analog, 1-amino-4-[4-phenylamino-3-sulfophenylamino]-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate (PSB-0739), showed a markedly higher antagonistic potency with a pA2 value of 9.8. In cells expressing the R256A-mutant receptor, the potencies of both reactive blue 2 (apparent pKB, 5.9) and PSB-0739 (apparent pKB, 9.1) were decreased. The same was true for the pure reactive blue 2 meta- and para-isomers and for the ortho-isomer cibacron blue 3GA. In contrast, the analog, 1-amino-4-[4-anilino-phenylamino]-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate, lacking a sulfonic acid residue at ring D (PSB-0826), showed similar pKB values at wild-type (8.4) and R256A-mutant receptors (8.3). In summary, the results demonstrate that PSB-0739 is the most potent competitive non-nucleotide antagonist at the human P2Y12 receptor described so far. The results also indicate that the sulfonic acid residue at ring D is involved in the interaction of antagonists derived from reactive blue 2 with the residue Arg256 of the human P2Y12 receptor.
Common bean reaction to angular leaf spot comprises transcriptional modulation of genes in the ALS10.1 QTL

Genetic resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) against angular leaf spot (ALS), caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola, is conferred by quantitative trait loci (QTL). In this study, we determined the gene content of the major QTL ALS10.1 located at the end of chromosome Pv10, and identified those that are responsive to ALS infection in resistant (CAL 143) and susceptible (IAC-UNA) genotypes. Based on the current version of the common bean reference genome, the ALS10.1 core region contains 323 genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of these coding sequences revealed the presence of genes involved in signal perception and transduction, programmed cell death (PCD), and defense responses. Two putative R gene clusters were found at ALS10.1 containing evolutionary related coding sequences. Among them, the Phvul.010G025700 was consistently up-regulated in the infected IAC-UNA suggesting its contribution to plant susceptibility to the fungus. We identified six other genes that were regulated during common bean response to P. griseola; three of them might be negative regulators of immunity as they showed opposite expression patterns during resistant and susceptible reactions at the initial phase of fungal infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that common bean reaction to P. griseola involves transcriptional modulation of defense genes in the ALS10.1 locus, contributing to resistance or susceptibility depending on the plant-pathogen interaction.
Identity Economics: How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages, and Well-Being

Identity Economics provides an important and compelling new way to understand human behavior, revealing how our identities--and not just economic incentives--influence our decisions. In 1995, economist Rachel Kranton wrote future Nobel Prize-winner George Akerlof a letter insisting that his most recent paper was wrong. Identity, she argued, was the missing element that would help to explain why people--facing the same economic circumstances--would make different choices. This was the beginning of a fourteen-year collaboration--and of Identity Economics. The authors explain how our conception of who we are and who we want to be may shape our economic lives more than any other factor, affecting how hard we work, and how we learn, spend, and save. Identity economics is a new way to understand people's decisions--at work, at school, and at home. With it, we can better appreciate why incentives like stock options work or don't; why some schools succeed and others don't; why some cities and towns don't invest in their futures--and much, much more. Identity Economics bridges a critical gap in the social sciences. It brings identity and norms to economics. People's notions of what is proper, and what is forbidden, and for whom, are fundamental to how hard they work, and how they learn, spend, and save. Thus people's identity--their conception of who they are, and of who they choose to be--may be the most important factor affecting their economic lives. And the limits placed by society on people's identity can also be crucial determinants of their economic well-being.
Overeducation, undereducation, and the theory of career mobility

The theory of career mobility (Sicherman and Galor, Journal of Political Economy, 98(1), 169–92, 1990) claims that wage penalties for overeducated workers are compensated by better promotion prospects. Sicherman (Journal of Labour Economics, 9(2), 101–22, 1991) was able to confirm this theory in an empirical study using panel data. However, the only retest using panel data so far (Robst, Eastern Economic Journal, 21, 539–50, 1995) produced rather ambiguous results. In the present paper, random effects models to analyse relative wage growth are estimated using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. It is found that overeducated workers in Germany have markedly lower relative wage growth rates than adequately educated workers. The results cast serious doubt on whether the career mobility model is able to explain overeducation in Germany. The plausibility of the results is supported by the finding that overeducated workers have less access to formal and informal on-the-job training, which is usually found to be positively correlated with wage growth even when controlling for selectivity effects (Pischke, Journal of Population Economics, 14, 523–48, 2001).
Connective tissue graft for gingival recession treatment: assessment of the maximum graft dimensions at the palatal vault as a donor site.

BACKGROUND The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as a connective tissue donor site in gingival recession treatment. However, concern has been raised regarding the potential risk of damaging the greater palatine artery (GPA) due to anatomical variations in the palatal vault. The anatomy of the palatal vault in terms of size and shape may affect the maximum dimensions of the graft that can be safely taken from the palatal vault. In a cohort of patients free of periodontal disease, the purpose of this study was to assess the maximum dimensions of the graft, particularly the height and length, that could be safely taken from the palatal vault. METHODS Plaster impressions were made from 198 patients free of periodontal disease. Because the connective tissue graft is usually taken from an area extending from the mid-palatal aspect of the canine to the mid-palatal aspect of the second molar, this interval was measured and represented the maximum length dimension. The emergence of the GPA was assumed to be localized at the junction of the vertical and horizontal palatal walls of vault, and its course was marked on the plaster casts. The maximum height of the graft corresponded to the distances measured from the gingival margin to the marked course of the GPA of each tooth at its interproximal and mid-palatal aspects. RESULTS The length of the maximum available tissue graft was 31.7 +/- 4.0 mm. The distance extending from the gingival margin to the greater palatine artery ranged from 12.07 +/- 2.9 mm at the canine level to 14.7 +/- 2.9 mm at the mid-palatal aspect of the second molar level. Therefore, in the premolar area, it was possible to harvest a connective tissue graft measuring 5 mm in height in all cases and 8 mm in height in 93% of cases. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the maximum available tissue graft as measured in the palatal vault was large enough to allow a safe withdrawal from this donor site in a high percentage of our patient population free of periodontal disease.
Tabagisme et dépression

On observe ici une correlation positive entre la depression et la dependance nicotinique. Comme on l’attendait, les fumeurs les plus dependants etaient ceux qui montraient le plus de symptomes de depression. Les femmes de l ’echantillon montrent des scores de depression plus eleves que les hommes. On retrouve ici la difference de genre observee dans la population tout-venant. Enfin, le score de depression des fumeurs est similaire a celui des non fumeurs. Soulignons que les score de depression de l ’echantillon sont peu eleves. Les moyennes restent en dessous de 10, c ’est-a-dire absence de depression : les chiffres absolus de sujets presentant des scores de depression sont faibles, ce qui peut expliquer l ’absence de correlation. Peut-etre le BDI mesure-t-il des symptomes trop psychopathologiques. De plus, l’apparition de depression se fait le plus souvent entre 30 et 40 ans, alors que les sujets de l’echantillon se situent au debut de la trentaine. La relation etroite entre dependance nicotinique et symptomes de depression souligne l’importance de prendre cette derniere en consideration lors d’un sevrage tabagique.