Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in Long-Term Outcome Between Patients Treated in Stroke Units and in General Wards: A 2-Year Follow-Up of Stroke Patients in Sweden

Background and Purpose— The long-term beneficial effects of stroke unit care have been proved in several randomized trials. However, there is a question of large-scale applicability in routine clinical practice of interventions used by dedicated investigators in small randomized trials. The objective of this study was to compare, 21/2 years after stroke, patients who had been treated in stroke units and those treated in general wards in routine clinical practice. Methods— This is a prospective cohort study based on 8194 patients who were included, during the first 6 months in 1997, in Riks-Stroke, the Swedish National Register for quality assessment of acute stroke. Two years after the event, 5189 patients were still alive and 5104 were followed up with a postal questionnaire to which 4038 responded. Results— Among the group of patients who were independent in activities of daily living (ADL) functions before the stroke, patients who were treated in stroke units were less often dependent in ADL functions, after adjustment for case mix (OR, 0.79; CI, 0.66 to 0.94). If they also lived at home before the stroke, then they had a lower case-fatality rate 2 years after the stroke (OR, 0.81; CI, 0.72 to 0.92). Conclusions— Long-term beneficial effects of treatment in stroke units were shown for patients who were independent in ADL functions before the stroke. No benefits were shown for patients who were dependent on help for primary ADL before the stroke. Further studies on this group of patients with more detailed outcome measures are needed.
Effect of sintering on microstructure and properties of hydroxyapatite produced by different synthesizing methods

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the sintering schedule on microstructure and properties of hydroxyapatite which is produced by different synthesizing methods. Hence, wet-chemical precipitation and solid-state reaction were performed to prepare nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) powders. Powders were then uniaxially pressed and sintered by varying temperatures and times. XRD and SEM were used to identify phases and morphology. Density and porosity of the sintered sample were determined using the Archimedes technique. Flexural strength was measured by a universal testing machine. The results show that density and strength could be improved by increasing the sintering temperature in both HAW and HAD. However, with increasing sintering temperatures, average grain sizes of HAW and HAD samples were not significantly increased. The sintering temperature seems to play a more important role than sintering time in the densification process of hydroxyapatite. In addition, the thermal stability in sintered HAD samples induced a weaker flexural strength of samples in comparison with HAW. Therefore, the optimized microstructure and properties of sintered hydroxyapatite can be prepared by using the suitable synthesizing method together with the workable sintering schedule for each synthesizing process.
Reconstructing protein and gene phylogenies by extending the framework of reconciliation

The architecture of eukaryotic coding genes allows the production of several different protein isoforms by genes. Current gene phylogeny reconstruction methods make use of a single protein product per gene, ignoring information on alternative protein isoforms. These methods often lead to inaccurate gene tree reconstructions that require to be corrected before being used in phylogenetic tree reconciliation analyses or gene products phylogeny reconstructions. Here, we propose a new approach for the reconstruction of accurate gene trees and protein trees accounting for the production of alternative protein isoforms by the genes of a gene family. We extend the concept of reconciliation to protein trees, and we define a new reconciliation problem called MinDRGT that consists in finding a gene tree that minimizes a double reconciliation cost with a given protein tree and a given species tree. We define a second problem called MinDRPGT that consists in finding a protein tree and a gene tree minimizing a double reconciliation cost, given a species tree and a set of protein subtrees. We provide algorithmic exact and heuristic solutions for some versions of the problems, and we present the results of an application to the correction of gene trees from the Ensembl database. An implementation of the heuristic method is available at this https URL.
KLF5 promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis through gene regulationin the TSU‐Pr1 human bladder cancer cell line

KLF5 is a transcription factor that plays important roles in multiple physical and pathological processes, including cell growth, cell cycle regulation, and angiogenesis. To better characterize KLF5 function in bladder carcinogenesis, we established stable TSU‐Pr1 cell clones expressing different levels of KLF5. These clones were then characterized for cell growth, cell cycle progression, tumorigenesis, and alteration in gene expression. Overexpression of KLF5 promoted tumorigenesis of the TSU‐Pr1 cancer cells in mice. Consistently, KLF5 increased G1 to S phase transition, which was accompanied by the upregulation of cyclin D1, phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt, and reduced protein levels for CDK inhibitors p27 and p15. Microarray analysis combined with expression verification in different cell systems identified a number of additional genes that are potentially regulated by KLF5, including HBP17, ITGA6, and RAIG1. These findings suggest that the KLF5 transcription factor plays an oncogenic role in the TSU‐Pr1 bladder cancer cell line through the regulation of a subset of genes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Causality detected by transfer entropy leads acquisition of joint attention

Joint attention, i.e., the behavior of looking at the same object another person is looking at, plays an important role in both human communication and human-robot communication. Previous synthetic studies have focused on modeling the developmental process of joint attention and have proposed learning methods without any explicit instructions for joint attention. The causal structure between a perception variable (the caregiver's face directions or individual objects) and an action variable (gaze shift to the caregiver's face or object locations) is given in advance to learn joint attention. However, such a structure is expected to be found by the robot through the interaction experiences. This paper investigates how the transfer entropy, that is an information theoretic measure, can be used to quantify the causality inherent in the face-to-face interaction. In the computer simulation of human-robot interaction, we examined which pair of perceptions and actions are selected as the causal pair and showed that the selected pairs can be used to learn a sensorimotor map for achieving joint attention.
Structural Basis for Outer Membrane Sugar Uptake in Pseudomonads*

Background: OprB channels mediate outer membrane carbohydrate uptake in pseudomonads. Results: X-ray crystal structures of Pseudomonas putida F1 OprB have been determined. Conclusion: OprB forms a 16-stranded, monomeric β-barrel with a constriction formed by loops L2 and L3. OprB lacks a greasy slide for substrate binding. Significance: The structure explains the substrate specificity of OprB for monosaccharides. Substrate-specific outer membrane channels of Gram-negative bacteria mediate uptake of many small molecules, including carbohydrates. The mechanism of sugar uptake by enterobacterial channels, such as Escherichia coli LamB (maltoporin), has been characterized in great detail. In pseudomonads and related organisms, sugar uptake is not mediated by LamB but by OprB channels. Beyond the notion that OprB channels seem to prefer monosaccharides as substrates, very little is known about OprB-mediated sugar uptake. Here I report the X-ray crystal structure of an OprB channel from Pseudomonas putida F1. The structure shows that OprB forms a monomeric, 16-stranded β-barrel with a constriction formed by extracellular loops L2 and L3. The side chains of two highly conserved arginine residues (Arg83 and Arg110) and a conserved glutamate (Glu106) line the channel constriction and interact with a bound glucose molecule. Liposome swelling uptake assays show a strong preference for monosaccharide transport over disaccharides. Moreover, substrates with a net negative charge are disfavored by the channel, probably due to the negatively charged character of the constriction. The architecture of the eyelet and the absence of a greasy slide provide an explanation for the observed specificity of OprB for monosaccharides rather than the oligosaccharides preferred by LamB and related enterobacterial channels.
Measuring Anger Expression in Young Patients With Tourette Syndrome

Young patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) can exhibit poor emotional control and aggression. We explored anger in young patients with TS. Twenty-five patients diagnosed with TS and 41 healthy controls completed the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Parents and teachers completed the child behavior checklist and Conners’ Parent/Teacher Rating Scales-Revised. STAXI scores were not significantly different between patients with TS and controls. However, many proxy-rated measures linked to anger and externalizing problems were significantly higher in TS. As proxy-rated instruments revealed more oppositional and aggressive behaviors in young patients with TS, they are important in the multidimensional assessment of TS. These findings offer useful insights into the nature of anger symptoms in young patients with TS and provide a basis for more effective diagnosis and management.
Spiritual and Religious Discussions in Family Therapy: Activities to Promote Dialogue

Spirituality and religion are valued constructs for a large population in America. Each person carries a set of values and beliefs that may aid in their well-being. Spiritual and religious discussions within therapy can be essential for treatment. As therapists, we are expected to provide a safe therapeutic atmosphere for our clients. Therefore the therapist has the responsibility to be aware of personal issues and to integrate spiritual/ religious discussions. In addition, levels of differentiation are important in understanding the self of the therapist. The authors propose that therapists must be aware of their personal level of differentiation in order to effectively integrate spiritual/religious discussions in therapy.
Small can be Beautiful, but Big can be Beautiful Too—And Complementary: Towards Mass/Alternative Tourism Synergy

The ‘small is beautiful’ school of tourism, inspired at least indirectly by Schumacher, has a long pedigree rooted in the Grand Tour and some forms of pilgrimage, but found compelling contemporary expression since the early 1980s under the guise of ‘alternative tourism’ (AT) (Dernoi 1981; Gonsalves 1987; Holden 1984). Perhaps it was the rapidity with which conventional mass tourism appeared to conquer large swaths of the global coastline after World War Two, and the shock of realizing that the promised economic benefits were often accompanied or superseded by a bevy of unwelcomed costs, but the supporters of AT were for the most part subsequently and unfortunately inclined to view the constructs of AT and mass tourism in sharply conflicted black and white terms (Weaver 2006). As an ideal type contrasted with mass tourism, AT emphasized small scales of engagement presumably more appropriate for the small and marginalized communities that were beginning to be incorporated into the global pleasure periphery. This ‘good’ tourism, unlike ‘bad’ mass tourism, would empower local people, celebrate their authentic local culture, and attract small numbers of sensitive visitors whose expenditures were expected to foster linkages rather than leakages, especially in Third World countries or peripheries of developed countries inhabited by indigenous people. An especially popular and resilient manifestation that continues to resonate with government development agencies, NGOs such as Tourism Concern and many academics is ‘community-based tourism’ (CBT) (Murphy 1985), where local residents are invested with control over the planning and management of the sector, and the (presumably equitable) disbursement of benefits, with concomitant benefits for the environment (Sebele 2010). Despite strong levels of continued support in some quarters for CBT and other forms of AT, the actual track record is more ambivalent, as discussed by Harrison. Small can be nasty to the extent that members of small and insular communities are acutely aware from their own perspective of who does and does not benefit ‘fairly’ from such activity. Intersecting family and clan affiliations exacerbate the potential for internal and external conflict, and for elites to consolidate or reinforce their existing power through tourism (Ranck 1987; Reed 1997). Small scales of operation also imply limited bargaining power and exposure, and low levels of tourism-related experience, skill and expertise that increase the probability of poor service standards and visitor dissatisfaction. The desire of some ‘alternative tourists’ to intrude into the private spaces and times of residents is also cited as a salient cost among segments such as backpackers (Ooi and Laing 2010). Highly germane as well is Harrison’s observation that small-scale products are not all created equally, and may include ultra-luxury boutique hotels and ecolodges that grotesquely exaggerate host–guest inequalities of wealth and power.
An update of therapeutic potential and bioanalytical aspects of steroidal glycoalkaloid (solanidine)

*Corresponding author: Dr. Dinesh Kumar Patel, Christian School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Deemed-to-be University, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India. Tels: 9634908229 (K Patel); +91 9911069496 (DK Patel) E-mails: kanikapatel1989@gmail.com (K Patel); dkp.itbhu@gmail.com (DK Patel) The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members.
Why Improving Preservice Teacher Educational Technology Preparation Must go beyond the College's Walls

To prepare new teachers to use technology within their programs of preparation, schools, colleges, and departments of education (SCDEs) can develop and require coursework in which students learn how to operate and teach with technology and set expectations that students demonstrate their integration abilities during student teaching. This survey of student teachers found that setting these expectations for designing and delivering instruction using technology was effective in getting student teachers to use technology during clinical experiences. However, additional factors beyond the control of SCDEs were equally important, such as the level of access to technology and the support of and feedback from cooperating teachers at the student teaching site. The authors discuss the implications these factors hold for SCDE's extending efforts “beyond their walls” to prepare new teachers to use technology.
The VFR experience: ‘home’ away from home?

The current study examines the meaning of ‘home’ and ‘away’ among visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourists, utilising the multidimensional model suggested by Uriely [(2010). ‘Home’ and ‘away’ in VFR tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 857–860] to assess the VFR experience. Despite recent conceptualisations that emphasise the intersection of tourism and everyday life in various ways, as is prominently exemplified in VFR tourism, this empirical investigation provides evidence as to the limitations of this perspective. Specifically, the findings of this study indicate that when staying at friends and relatives, VFR tourists may feel at ‘home’ in terms of familiarity with place, but they also often experience feelings of ‘away’, in the sense of the loss of privacy and the limited situational control involved in this situation. As a result, the study points to the need to understand tourism, in general, and VFR, in particular, as complex phenomena in which elements of both ‘extraordinary’ and ‘everydayness’ coexist. The conclusion also discusses the marketing implications of the study and provides suggestions for future research.
Concatenative sound synthesis: The early years

Abstract Concatenative sound synthesis is a promising method of musical sound synthesis with a steady stream of work and publications for over five years now. This article offers a comparative survey and taxonomy of the many different approaches to concatenative synthesis throughout the history of electronic music, starting in the 1950s, even if they weren't known as such at their time, up to the recent surge of contemporary methods. Concatenative sound synthesis methods use a large database of source sounds, segmented into units, and a unit selection algorithm that finds the units that match best the sound or musical phrase to be synthesized, called the target. The selection is performed according to the descriptors of the units. These are characteristics extracted from the source sounds, e.g. pitch, or attributed to them, e.g. instrument class. The selected units are then transformed to fully match the target specification, and concatenated. However, if the database is sufficiently large, the probability is high that a matching unit will be found, so the need to apply transformations is reduced. The most urgent and interesting problems for further work on concatenative synthesis are listed concerning segmentation, descriptors, efficiency, legality, data mining and real time interaction. Finally, the conclusion tries to provide some insight into the current and future state of concatenative synthesis research.
Difference Functions of Dependence Spaces

Here the reduction problem is studied in an algebraic structure called dependence space. We characterize the reducts by the means of dense families of dependence spaces. Dependence spaces defined by indiscernibility relations are also considered. We show how we can determine dense families of dependence spaces induced by indiscernibility relations by applying indiscernibility matrices. We also study difference functions which connect the reduction problem to the general problem of identifying the set of all minimal Boolean vectors satisfying an isotone Boolean function.
Distributed Reinforcement during Delay to Large Reinforcement May Increase “Self-Control” in Rats

Two groups of rats were tested for self-control. In Exp. 1 all rats were impulsive. In Exp. 2, when subjects entered one goal box, the rats would receive 3 pellets immediately, the impulsive choice. When Standard Group rats entered the other goal box, they received 7 pellets after a delay of 10 sec. , the self-control choice. When Distributed Group rats made a self-control choice in Phase 1 they received 1 pellet immediately, 3 after 3 sec. , and 3 pellets 7 sec. later (10 sec. total); in Phase 2 they received 1 pellet immediately and 6 after 10 sec. ; and in Phase 3 they received 7 pellets after a delay of 10 sec. Rats in the Distributed Group, but not rats in the Standard Group, tended to be self-controlled throughout the experiment.
Quantitative Methods in Suicide Research: Issues Associated With Official Statistics

A practical and basic discussion of the nature and use of official statistics reveals strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of such data in understanding and describing deaths by suicide. Specific sources of official data are noted as well. Finally, the complementary nature of quantitative (as represented in official statistics) and qualitative research methodologies is briefly discussed.
Encoding Provenance of Social Science Data: Integrating PROV with DDI

Provenance is a key component of evaluating the integrity and reusability of data for scholarship. While recording and providing access provenance has always been important, it is even more critical in the web environment in which data from distributed sources and of varying integrity can be combined and derived. The PROV model, developed under the auspices of the W3C, is a foundation for semantically-rich, interoperable, and web-compatible provenance metadata. We report on the results of our experimentation with integrating the PROV model into the DDI metadata for a complex, but characteristic, example social science data. We also present some preliminary thinking on how to visualize those graphs in the user interface.
Transkranielle Stimulation in der Neurorehabilitation

Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability, which significantly impairs the economic and social life of patients and society. Every year 200 000-250 000 patients suffer a stroke in Germany. Only a small number of the stroke survivors recover to a degree that allows them to return into their professional and private life. Despite significant efforts to develop novel and efficient treatment strategies, the level of functional regeneration is still not satisfactory. Thus, the development of innovative and effective treatment strategies will have a major impact for the patients′ life, the society and the public health system. In human beings, ‘proof-of-principle studies’ from different laboratories have shown that non-invasive interventional brain stimulation strategies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) result in an improvement of sensorimotor functioning of the paretic hand in patients with stroke. In this paper these mechanistically oriented interventional approaches, based on cortical stimulation, are reviewed.
What Do Cultural Dimensions Reveal about Flight Deck Operations?

Boeing supplies airplanes and provides service and training to customers throughout the world. We want to understand “culture” because of the perception that cultural differences affect the safety of airplane operations. The predominant approach to cultural differences has been characterized by Hutchins, Holder, and Perez (2002) as essentialism. Essentialism is the view that culture is an essential part of every person. It asserts that culture is written indelibly into the identity of a person early in life and makes itself visible in his or her behavior. This view stems from Hofstede's (1980) work and is seen in more recent work on cultural differences that seek out national traits. As an alternative framework, Hutchins et al. propose a contextualist view, which directs attention to how people draw on the resources around them to construct meaningful courses of action. We discuss the differences between these two frameworks in understanding cultural differences.
Cross Informant Comparisons of the Home and Community Social Behavior Scales and the School Social Behavior Scales

The importance of obtaining information regarding social behavior in differing social environments was examined through the use of the School Social Behavior Scales and the Home and Community Social Behavior Scales. These instruments were designed to provide information regarding student's social behavior in the school and home settings, respectively. Social behavior of 122 students in grades 6-8 who participated in a prevention program for behaviorally at-risk youth was rated by a parent, general education teacher and at-risk program teacher. Parents and special program teachers of the at-risk students were more likely to provide positive ratings of the student's behaviors than their general education teachers. Parents and general education teachers also rated students higher in negative or antisocial behaviors than the at-risk program teachers. Internal consistency coefficients for the Social Competence and Antisocial Behavior scales of the two measures were . 95 or higher across all three raters. Correlations between raters were generally low. It is proposed that the low correlations between raters are the result of situational differences.