Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing DARKexp against energy and density distributions of Millennium-II halos

We test the DARKexp model for relaxed, self-gravitating, collisionless systems against equilibrium dark matter halos from the Millennium-II simulation. While limited tests of DARKexp against simulations and observations have been carried out elsewhere, this is the first time the testing is done with a large sample of simulated halos spanning a factor of ∼ 50 in mass, and using independent fits to density and energy distributions. We show that DARKexp, a one shape parameter family, provides very good fits to the shapes of density profiles, ρ(r), and differential energy distributions, N(E), of individual simulated halos. The best fit shape parameter ϕ0 obtained from the two types of fits are correlated, though with scatter. Our most important conclusions come from ρ(r) and N(E) that have been averaged over many halos. These show that the bulk of the deviations between DARKexp and individual Millennium-II halos come from halo-to-halo fluctuations, likely driven by substructure, and other density perturbations. The average ρ(r) and N(E) are quite smooth and follow DARKexp very closely. The only deviation that remains after averaging is small, and located at most bound energies for N(E) and smallest radii for ρ(r). Since the deviation is confined to 3–4 smoothing lengths, and is larger for low mass halos, it is likely due to numerical resolution effects.
ON TYPICALITY OF TRANSLATION FLOWS WHICH ARE DISJOINT WITH THEIR INVERSE

In this paper we prove that the set of translation structures for which the corresponding vertical translation flows are disjoint with its inverse contains a $G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}$-dense subset in every non-hyperelliptic connected component of the moduli space ${\mathcal{M}}$. This is in contrast to hyperelliptic case, where for every translation structure the associated vertical flow is reversible, i.e., it is isomorphic to its inverse by an involution. To prove the main result, we study limits of the off-diagonal 3-joinings of special representations of vertical translation flows. Moreover, we construct a locally defined continuous embedding of the moduli space into the space of measure-preserving flows to obtain the $G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}$-condition. Moreover, as a by-product we get that in every non-hyperelliptic connected component of the moduli space there is a dense subset of translation structures whose vertical flow is reversible.
A Dimension Reduction Scheme for the Computation of Optimal Unions of Subspaces

Given a set of points \F in a high dimensional space, the problem of finding a union of subspaces \cup_i V_i\subset \R^N that best explains the data \F increases dramatically with the dimension of \R^N. In this article, we study a class of transformations that map the problem into another one in lower dimension. We use the best model in the low dimensional space to approximate the best solution in the original high dimensional space. We then estimate the error produced between this solution and the optimal solution in the high dimensional space.
Open Research Online Is it really “panic buying”? Public perceptions and experiences of extra buying at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic

Shopping behaviour in response to extreme events is often characterized as “panic buying” which connotes irrationality and loss of control. However, “panic buying” has been criticized for attributing shopping behaviour to people’s alleged psychological frailty while ignoring other psychological and structural factors that might be at play. We report a qualitative exploration of the experiences and understandings of shopping behaviour of members of the public at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 23 participants, we developed three themes. The first theme addresses people’s understandings of “panic buying”. When participants referred to “panic buying” they meant observed product shortages (rather than the underlying psychological processes that can lead to such behaviours), preparedness behaviours, or emotions such as fear and worry. The second theme focuses on the influence of the media and other people’s behaviour in shaping subsequent shopping behaviours. The
Household food insecurity, depression, and disordered eating symptoms in adolescents with severe obesity

As rates of severe pediatric obesity have increased, bariatric surgery has become more common in adolescents. Disordered eating symptoms may interfere with an adolescent’s ability to effectively adhere to dietary requirements and hinder weight loss. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between household food insecurity, depression, and disordered eating in a sample of adolescents seeking bariatric surgery. Participants (N = 73) were adolescents presenting to the pre-surgical psychological evaluation. Household food insecurity was not related to disordered eating or any disordered eating subscales but was significantly higher in Black households compared to White households. Depression was associated with total disordered eating and subscales binge/loss of control eating and emotional eating. Depression and disordered eating, particularly binge/loss of control eating and emotional eating, may be potential treatment targets for adolescents seeking bariatric surgery. Findings also highlight the importance of screening for household food insecurity in this high-risk population. INDEX WORDS: Obesity, Disordered eating, Depression, Food insecurity HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY, DEPRESSION, AND DISORDERED EATING SYMPTOMS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH SEVERE OBESITY
THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE MAPS THE DENSE, STAR-FORMING GAS IN THE NEARBY STARBURST GALAXY M82

Observations of the Milky Way and nearby galaxies show that dense molecular gas correlates with recent star formation, suggesting that the formation of this gas phase may help regulate star formation. A key test of this idea requires wide-area, high-resolution maps of dense molecular gas in galaxies to explore how local physical conditions drive dense gas formation, but these observations have been limited because of the faintness of dense gas tracers like HCN and HCO+. Here we demonstrate the power of the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT)—the largest single-dish millimeter radio telescope—for mapping dense gas in galaxies by presenting the most sensitive maps yet of HCN and HCO+ in the starburst galaxy M82. The HCN and HCO+ in the disk of this galaxy correlates with both recent star formation and more diffuse molecular gas and shows kinematics consistent with a rotating torus. The HCO+ emission extending to the north and south of the disk is coincident with the outflow previously identified in CO and traces the eastern edge of the hot outflowing gas. The central starburst region has a higher ratio of star formation to dense gas than the outer regions, pointing to the starburst as a key driver of this relationship. These results establish that the GBT can efficiently map the dense molecular gas at 90 GHz in nearby galaxies, a capability that will increase further with the 16 element feed array under construction.
Modal abundances of CAIs: Implications for bulk chondrite element abundances and fractionations

Abstract— Modal abundances of Ca,Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) are poorly known and reported data scatter across large ranges. CAIs are Poisson distributed, and if only small areas (<1000 mm2) are studied, the data are probably not representative of the true CAI modal abundances, explaining their reported large scatter in a single chondrite group. We combine reported CAI modal abundances and our own set, and present a complete list of CAI modal abundances in carbonaceous chondrites. This includes (in area%): CV: 2.98, CM: 1.21, Acfer 094: 1.12, CO: 0.99, CK/CV (Ningqiang and Dar al Gani [DaG] 055): 0.77, CK: 0.2, CR: 0.12 and CB: 0.1. CAIs are Poisson distributed and if only small areas are studied, the data are probably not representative of the true CAI modal abundances, Carbonaceous chondrites have excess bulk Al concentrations when compared to the CI‐chondritic value. We find a correlation between this excess and CAI modal abundances and conclude that the excess Al was delivered by CAIs. The excess Al is only a minor fraction (usually ˜10 rel%, but 25 rel% in case of CVs) of the bulk chondrite Al and cannot have contributed much 26Al to heat the chondrite parent body. Ordinary, enstatite, R and K chondrites have an Al deficit relative to CI chondrites and only very low CAI modal abundances, if any are present at all. Carbonaceous chondrites also had an initial Al deficit if the contribution of Al delivered by CAIs is subtracted. Therefore all chondrites probably lost a refractory rich high‐T component. Only minor amounts of CAIs are present in the matrix or have been present in the chondrule precursor aggregates. Most CAI size distributions contain more than one size population, indicating that CAIs from within a single meteorite group had different origins.
Inhomogeneous quantum walks

We study a natural construction of a general class of inhomogeneous quantum walks (namely walks whose transition probabilities depend on position). Within the class we analyze walks that are periodic in position and show that, depending on the period, such walks can be bounded or unbounded in time; in the latter case we analyze the asymptotic speed. We compare the construction to others in the existing literature. As an example we give a quantum version of a non-irreducible classical walk: the Polya Urn.
Cache-Enabled Cognitive Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with SWIPT over Rayleigh fading channels

In this research, we suggest using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for the Internet of Things with cache-enabled coordinated direct and relay (CDRT) transmission (IoT). In order to maximise spectrum use and decrease power consumption, it employs time-switching (TS)-based SWIPT technology in conjunction with overlay cognitive radio (CR). The suggested architecture features a primary network with a primary transmitter and the specified receivers (UE1 and UE2), as well as a secondary network featuring an energy-constrained transmitter, its cache memory, and the receiver it is meant for (IoT-U). The primary transmitter has direct communication with the strong user equipment (UE)1, while the secondary transmitter acts as an Internet of Things (IoT) relay to reach the weak user equipment (UE)2. To relay both the weak user's and its own data, the IoT-transmit node employs a TS-based receiver architecture and a decode-and-forward protocol, in accordance with the NOMA principle. Data from the most frequently accessed files is also prefetched by the cache. Taking into consideration both perfect and imperfect consecutive interference cancellation at the legitimate users over Rayleigh fading channel fading, the proposed system's performance is tested in terms of outage probability, throughput, and energy efficiency. Further, we investigated the potential for primary and secondary networks to work together using a content caching technique to maximise spectrum use. The significance of the most influential criteria is also emphasised, providing a road map for the realistic development of cutting-edge wireless communication networks with minimal influence on either energy consumption or radio frequency bandwidth.
Most rigid representations and Cayley index

For any finite group $G$, a natural question to ask is the order of the smallest possible automorphism group for a Cayley graph on $G$. A particular Cayley graph whose automorphism group has this order is referred to as an MRR (Most Rigid Representation), and its Cayley index is a numerical indicator of this value. Study of GRRs showed that with the exception of two infinite families and seven individual groups, every group admits a Cayley graph whose MRR is a GRR, so that the Cayley index is 1. The full answer to the question of finding the smallest possible Cayley index for a Cayley graph on a fixed group was almost completed in previous work, but the precise answers for some finite groups and one infinite family of groups were left open. We fill in the remaining gaps to completely answer this question.
MATCHING THE EVOLUTION OF THE STELLAR MASS FUNCTION USING LOG-NORMAL STAR FORMATION HISTORIES

We show that a model consisting of individual, log-normal star formation histories for a volume-limited sample of z ≈ 0 galaxies reproduces the evolution of the total and quiescent stellar mass functions at z ≲ 2.5 and stellar masses M * ≥ 10 10 M ⊙ ? > . This model has previously been shown to reproduce the star formation rate/stellar mass relation (SFR– M * ? > ) over the same interval, is fully consistent with the observed evolution of the cosmic SFR density at z ≤ 8 ? > , and entails no explicit “quenching” prescription. We interpret these results/features in the context of other models demonstrating a similar ability to reproduce the evolution of (1) the cosmic SFR density, (2) the total/quiescent stellar mass functions, and (3) the SFR ? > – M * ? > relation, proposing that the key difference between modeling approaches is the extent to which they stress/address diversity in the (star-forming) galaxy population. Finally, we suggest that observations revealing the timescale associated with dispersion in SFR ( M * ) ? > will help establish which models are the most relevant to galaxy evolution.
Research Online Research Online User interfaces for the exploration of hierarchical multi-dimensional data User interfaces for the exploration of hierarchical multi-dimensional data

Abstract A variety of user interfaces have been developed to support the querying of hierarchical multi-dimensional data in an OLAP setting such as pivot tables and more recently Polaris. They are used to regularly check portions of a dataset and to explore a new dataset for the first time. In this paper, we establish criteria for OLAP user interface capabilities to facilitate comparison. Two criteria are the number of displayed dimensions along which comparisons can be made and the number of dimensions that are viewable at once¿visual comparison depth and width. We argue that interfaces with greater visual comparison depth support regular checking of known data by users that know roughly where to look, while interfaces with greater comparison width support exploration of new data by users that have no apriori starting point and need to scan all dimensions. Pivot tables and Polaris are examples of the former. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce a new scalable interface that uses parallel dimension axis which supports the latter, greater visual comparison width. We compare our approach to both recent table based and parallel coordinate based interfaces. We present an implementation of our interface SGViewer, user scenarios and provide an evaluation that supports the usability of our interface. A variety of user interfaces have been developed to support the querying of hierarchical multi-dimensional data in an OLAP setting such as pivot tables and more recently Polaris. They are used to regularly check portions of a dataset and to explore a new dataset for the first time. In this paper, we establish criteria for OLAP user interface capabilities to facilitate comparison. Two criteria are the number of displayed dimensions along which comparisons can be made and the number of dimensions that are viewable at once—visual comparison depth and width. We argue that interfaces with greater visual comparison depth support regular checking of known data by users that know roughly where to look, while interfaces with greater comparison width support exploration of new data by users that have no apriori starting point and need to scan all dimensions. Pivot tables and Polaris are examples of the former. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce a new scalable interface that uses parallel dimension axis which supports the latter, greater visual comparison width. We compare our approach to both recent table based and parallel coordinate based interfaces. We present an implementation of our interface SGViewer, user scenarios and provide an evaluation that supports the usability of our interface.
A Conjugate Approach to Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes on Borel Spaces

By exploiting the relationship between the Wasserstein-1 space and the space of Lipschitz functions, we provide a dual representation of Fenchel-Moreau type for proper convex functionals on the Wasserstein-1 space. We apply the aforementioned duality to the field of Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), and derive an approximation to the value function of a given POMDP by iterating level sets. This extends the method used in Smallwood (1973) for finite state spaces to the case were the state space is a Polish metric space.
Atomic interactions in precision interferometry using Bose-Einstein condensates

We present theoretical tools for predicting and reducing the effects of atomic interactions in Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) interferometry experiments. To address mean-field shifts during free propagation, we derive a robust scaling solution that reduces the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation to a set of three simple differential equations valid for any interaction strength. To model the other common components of a BEC interferometer--condensate splitting, manipulation, and recombination--we generalize the slowly varying envelope reduction, providing both analytic handles and dramatically improved simulations. Applying these tools to a BEC interferometer to measure the fine structure constant, {alpha}[S. Gupta, K. Dieckmann, Z. Hadzibabic, and D. E. Pritchard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 140401 (2002)], we find agreement with the results of the original experiment and demonstrate that atomic interactions do not preclude measurement to better than part-per-billion accuracy, even for atomic species with relatively large scattering lengths. These tools help make BEC interferometry a viable choice for a broad class of precision measurements.
HOW PEOPLE (DIS)CONNECT WITH THE PUBLIC ISSUES THROUGH CROSS MEDIA CONSUMPTION?

Media have played a central role in developing the democracy. It expects to provide citizens with the space or sphere where issues of importance to a community are discussed and debated. It encourages deliberation and civic participation. Since the New Order regime (1966-1998) collapsed, the media system in Indonesia has not only experienced ‘democratization, but has given way to increasing corporation and liberalization of media market. This condition has lead to media oligopoly and the concentration of ownership which endangered the process of democracy in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the advancement of digital technologies and converged platforms are making media more ubiquitous. They also offer opportunities to re-shape citizen media practices, especially in relation to the political and cultural spheres. The complexity of citizen-consumers’ relation with the media and the ways in which the practices of media consumption may contribute to democratic condition in Indonesia. The objectives of this study aims to explore theoretical frame work how people are (dis)connected toward public concerns and how they develop skills to cope with the range of civic practices (from access to information and evaluation to deliberative process and civic engagement) as part of the role as a citizen. Moreover, this study investigates the ways in which media interact both in developing or undermining the civic practices.
Health Anxiety Among the Normal Population and Healthcare Professionals in a Highly Disadvantaged Region During Three Waves of COVID-19

Abstract Health anxiety manifests in fearing for our health when we recognize factors endangering it. The COVID-19 pandemic has occurred as such a factor in which millions of people have become infected and lost their relatives. The pandemic initiated by an unknown pathogen has occurred as an obviously health-influencing and -threatening phenomenon. The presence of health anxiety related to COVID-19 is considered to be an adaptive reaction, since it strengthens health behaviour (following epidemiological rules, health-protecting behaviour), but its long-lasting, increased level has created problems by influencing more fields of human life in a negative way and inhibiting people seriously in their everyday activities. Our research goal is the assessment of health anxiety among the population of a highly disadvantaged region in North-east Hungary during three waves of the pandemic. We will deal with the health anxiety of healthcare professionals working in this region separately, and we will examine how much the anxiety of people working with seriously ill patients differs from the normal population’s anxiety. This study presents the partial results of the complex mental health image research of the region’s adult population. In this unit of the research, we used the shortened version of the WHO Well-being questionnaire and the Short Health Anxiety Inventory. In the online data recording, 550 persons completed the questionnaire on average. It is not representative, but it reflects the attitude of the region’s population well.
Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words? Assessing the Effects of Inflation Targeting Track Records on Macroeconomic Performance

: Inflation Targeting (IT) has become a prevalent monetary policy framework in the past three decades, as more central banks adopted and maintained price stability as their primary monetary policy mandate. Using a dataset of 68 major advanced countries and emerging markets economies, this paper evaluates the effects of inflation targeting countries’ track records on their macroeconomic performance, measured by real GDP growth and CPI inflation. This paper constructs three novel inflation targeting track record measures and establishes new stylized facts on the heterogeneity of inflation targeting countries’ tendency in managing inflation with respect to their stated objectives. This paper finds evidence that m ost targeters conduct dynamic inflation targeting by frequently updating inflation target bands, and their band sizes are wide-ranging across IT countries. We empirically study the contemporaneous and future effects of inflation targeting track records on countries’ macroeconomic performance. Results from the dynamic panel and local projection regressions suggest that better IT track records do not lead to superior gro wth and inflation rates in the short term. Abstract Inflation Targeting (IT) has become a prevalent monetary policy framework in the past three decades, as more central banks adopted and maintained price stability as their primary monetary policy mandate. Using a dataset of 68 major advanced countries and emerging markets economies, this paper evaluates the effects of inflation targeting countries’ track records on their macroeconomic performance, measured by real GDP growth and CPI inflation. This paper constructs three novel inflation targeting track record measures and establishes new stylized facts on the heterogeneity of inflation targeting countries’ tendency in managing inflation with respect to their stated objectives. This paper finds evidence that most targeters conduct dynamic inflation targeting by frequently updating inflation target bands, and their band sizes are wide-ranging across IT countries. We empirically study the contemporaneous records on macroeconomic performance. Results from the dynamic panel and local projection regressions suggest that better IT track records do not lead to superior growth and inflation rates in the short term. JEL Classification Codes: E31, E52, E58, O47.