Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Academic Medicine: A Key Partner in Strengthening the Primary Care Infrastructure Via Teaching Health Centers

In the United States, a worsening shortage of primary care physicians, along with structural deficiencies in their training, threaten the primary care system that is essential to ensuring access to high-quality, cost-effective health care. Community health centers (CHCs) are an underused resource that could facilitate rapid expansion of the primary care workforce and simultaneously prepare trainees for 21st-century practice. The Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education (THCGME) program, currently funded by the Affordable Care Act, uses CHCs as training sites for primary-care-focused graduate medical education (GME). The authors propose that the goals of the THCGME program could be amplified by fostering partnerships between CHCs and teaching hospitals (academic medical centers [AMCs]). AMCs would encourage their primary care residency programs to expand by establishing teaching health center (THC) tracks. Modifications to the current THCGME model, facilitated by formal CHC and academic medicine partnerships (CHAMPs), would address the primary care physician shortage, produce physicians prepared for 21st-century practice, expose trainees to interprofessional education in a multidisciplinary environment, and facilitate the rapid expansion of CHC capacity. To succeed, CHAMP THCs require a comprehensive consortium agreement designed to ensure equity between the community and academic partners; conforming with this agreement will provide the high-quality GME necessary to ensure residency accreditation. CHAMP THCs also require a federal mechanism to ensure stable, long-term funding. CHAMP THCs would develop in select CHCs that desire a partnership with AMCs and have capacity for providing a community-based setting for both GME and health services research.
Joint Maximum Margin and Maximum Entropy Learning of Graphical Models

INFERRING structured predictions based on correlated covariates remains a central problem in many fields, including NLP, computer vision, and computational biology. Typically, both the input covariates and output prediction s can be high-dimensional, multi-modal, noisy, partially obser vable, and bearing latent structures, each of these characteristi cs adds a degree of complexity to the task of learning structured input/output (I/O) models. Several recent approache s to structured I/O learning are based on learning discriminati ve probabilistic graphical models. By defining composite feat ures that explicitly exploit the structured dependencies among input elements (e.g., words in a sentence) and among the interpretational outputs (e.g., part-of-speech tags), su ch models can produce semantically consistent predictions from comp lex inputs. However, how to train such models properly remains a highly contested issue. The two dominant paradigms for training such models are the maximum (conditional) likelih ood estimation (MLE) [6], which leads to the well-known CRF, and the max-margin learning [9], [10], which leads to the M N. While both methods have enjoyed remarkable success and are widely used, they have a number of deficiencies, as we will discuss below. In this project, we introduce a new paradigm for learning structured I/O models, and graphical models in general, that conjoins and extends the merits of MLE and maxmargin learning while avoiding their shortcomings.
An Alternate Strategy for Reducing the Large Nasal Base

The position of the dorsum directly influences the apparent size of the nasal base: the higher the bridge, the smaller the nasal base seems. This powerful optical illusion provides the surgeon with an alternate strategy for creating harmony in the nose with a low, straight dorsum and a disproportionately large nasal base. Instead of reducing the lower nose, the surgeon can augment the upper nose (and make whatever nasal base changes are independently necessary). This alternate strategy limits the amount of nasal skeletal reduction necessary, thereby limiting the potential for postoperative change and soft-tissue distortion and directly increasing the surgeon's control over the result.
Gene Probes : Applicationto Prenataland PostnatalDiagnosisof Genetic Disease

Gene probes can now be used to detect a variety of mutations that produce single-gene disorders. In present clinical practice, restriction endonuclease analysis is used for the prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia, a-thalassemia, and frthalassemia. Direct detection of the mutationis possible in a-thalassemia, where a deletion has usually occurred, and in sickle cell anemia, where the mutation alters the recognition sequence of the restriction endonuclease, Mst II. Indirect detection of /3-thalassemia is based on usingnormal variations in DNA (DNA polymorphisms) to track normal and affected /3-globingenes in families. This latter kind of analysis is also useful in detecting the phenylalanine hydroxylase genes affected in phenylketonuriaand will often be used in disorderswhere the mutationsare unknown.In cases where the mutationis known, directanalysisby use of oligonucleotide probes is a new and important advance. An example of thistypeof gene detectionina familywithclassicalhemophilia is presented. In addition,with chorionvillusbiopsy,detection of these inherited diseases is feasible by the 12th week of pregnancy.
Eecient and Accurate Ethernet Simulation

The Internet is increasingly being called upon to provide di erent levels of service to di erent applications and users. A practical problem in doing so is that although Ethernet is one of the hops for nearly all communication in the Internet, it does not provide any QoS guarantees. A natural question, therefore, is the effect of o ered load on Ethernet throughput and delay. In this paper, we present several techniques for accurately and e ciently modeling the behavior of a heavily loaded Ethernet link. We propose an e cient distributed simulation model, called Fast Ethernet Simulation, that empirically models an Ethernet link to quickly and accurately simulate it. By eliminating the implementation of CSMA/CD protocol, our approach reduces computational complexity drastically while still maintaining desirable accuracy. Performance results show that our techniques not only add very little overhead (less than 5% in our tests) to the basic cost of simulating an Ethernet link, but also closely match real-world measurements. We also present e cient techniques for compressing cumulative distributions using hyperbolic curves and for monitoring the load on a heavily loaded link. Finally, we show applications to illustrate the potential usage of the Fast Ethernet Simulation.
Prevalence of dural venous sinus stenosis and hypoplasia in a generalized population

Background and purpose While recent literature has described the prevalence of transverse sinus stenosis in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, tinnitus, and refractory headaches, it is unclear what the prevalence is in the general population. This study evaluates the prevalence of venous sinus stenosis and hypoplasia in the general patient population. Materials and methods 355 of 600 consecutive patients who underwent CT angiography of the head met the inclusion criteria. The diameters of the dural venous sinuses were recorded. Each study was evaluated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of stenoses. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed by a statistician. Results The prevalence of unilateral transverse sinus stenosis or hypoplasia in a sample of patients representing the general population was 33%, the prevalence of bilateral transverse sinus stenosis was 5%, and the prevalence of unilateral stenosis with contralateral hypoplasia was 1%. A multivariate analysis identified arachnoid granulations as a predictor of stenosis (p<0.001). Gender trended toward significance (p=0.094). Race was not a significant predictor of stenosis (p=0.745). Conclusions The prevalence of bilateral transverse sinus stenosis in the general population is not trivial. These data may be used as a reference for understanding the mechanistic role of stenoses in idiopathic intracranial hypertension, tinnitus, and refractory headaches.
Action Learning for Autonomous Virtual Actors

The goal of our work is to model believable virtual actors. Within the framework of learning by imitation, the virtual actor must be able to modify its prototypic behavior for miming in its imaginary world the observed behavior of a model which can be another virtual actor or an avatar controlled by a human operator. Each virtual actor has sensors for perceiving and effectors for acting and also a library of prototypic behaviors specified by FCMs for simulating it-self and others in its imaginary space. FCMs can give true perception & emotion. We propose a FCM-learning algorithm using meta-knowledge about learning in order to imitate a given behavior in real-time. The virtual actor autonomously selects training periods. This selection is inspired by neurophysiological experiments about active perception and hippocampus. The implementations undertaken in the multi-agent environment oRis are related to a sheepdog gathering sheep and to the adaptation of a virtual sailor to a given sailing ship. Keywords— Active Perception, Autonoy, Believable Agent, Fuzzy Cognitive Map, Imitation
Die Validierung der Kernmerkmale von Persönlichkeitsstörung Selbstpathologie und interpersonale Pathologie des alternativen DSM-5 Modells anhand des General Assessment of Personality Disorder (GAPD)

1. Hentschel, A. G. (in press). Die allgemeinen Kriterien für Persönlichkeitsstörung: Von DSM-IV-TR zu DSM-5. Persönlichkeitsstörungen: Theorie und Therapie. (GAPD): Factor structure, incremental validity of Self Pathology and relations to DSM-IV personality disorders.
International human resource management : an integrated approach

Foreword - Arndt Sorge Introduction PART ONE: INTERNATIONALIZATION: CONTEXT, STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND PROCESS Internationalization and the International Division of Labour - Anne-Wil Harzing Strategic Planning in Multinational Corporations - Anne-Wil Harzing Organizational Structure of Multinational Corporations - Jaap Paauwe and Philip Dewe Theories and Models Human Resource Management in Multinational Corporations - Jaap Paauwe and Philip Dewe Theories and Models PART TWO: PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Cross-National Differences in Personnel and Organization - Arndt Sorge The 'Culture' Factor in Personnel and Organization Policies - Ren[ac]e Olie Compensation and Appraisal in an International Perspective - Ed Logger, Rob Vinke and Frits Kluytmans Human Resource Development and Staff Flow Policy in Europe - Marcel van der Klink and Martin Mulder PART THREE: MANAGING AN INTERNATIONAL STAFF Composing an International Staff - Malcolm Borg and Anne-Wil Harzing Training and Development of International Staff - Kerstin Baumgarten Women's Role in (International) Management - Hilary Harris Compensation and Appraisal of International Staff - Ed Logger and Rob Vinke PART FOUR: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY International Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations - Willem de Nijs A Framework for Analysis National Variations in Worker Participation - Hans Slomp Multinational Corporations and Industrial Relations - Ulke Veersma Policy and Practice European Social Policy and European Industrial Relations - Ad Nagelkerke
Design Guidelines for Notifications on Smart TVs

Notifications are among the core mechanisms of most smart devices. Smartphones, smartwatches, tablets and smart glasses all provide similar means to notify the user. For smart TVs, however, no standard notification mechanism has been established. Smart TVs are unlike other smart devices because they are used by multiple people - often at the same time. It is unclear how notifications on smart TVs should be designed and which information users need. From a set of focus groups, we derive a design space for notifications on smart TVs. By further studying selected design alternatives in an online survey and lab study we show, for example, that users demand different information when they are watching TV with others and that privacy is a major concern. We derive according design guidelines for notifications on smart TVs that developers can use to gain the user's attention in a meaningful way.
Single assembly robot in search of human partner: Versatile grounded language generation

We describe an approach for enabling robots to recover from failures by asking for help from a human partner. For example, if a robot fails to grasp a needed part during a furniture assembly task, it might ask a human partner to “Please hand me the white table leg near you. ” After receiving the part from the human, the robot can recover from its grasp failure and continue the task autonomously. This paper describes an approach for enabling a robot to automatically generate a targeted natural language request for help from a human partner. The robot generates a natural language description of its need by minimizing the entropy of the command with respect to its model of language understanding for the human partner, a novel approach to grounded language generation. Our long-term goal is to compare targeted requests for help to more open-ended requests where the robot simply asks “Help me,” demonstrating that targeted requests are more easily understood by human partners.
Investigating the Use of Smartphones for Learning Purposes by Australian Dental Students

Background Mobile Internet devices and smartphones have at present a significant potential as learning tools and the development of educational interventions based on smartphones have attracted increasing attention. Objective The objective of this study was to obtain a deeper insight in the nature of students’ use of smartphones, as well as their attitudes towards educational use of mobile devices in order to design successful teaching interventions. Method A questionnaire was designed, aiming to investigate the actual daily habitual use, as well as the attitudes of dental students towards smartphones for their university education purposes. The survey was used to collect data from 232 dental students. Results Of the 232 respondents, 204 (87.9%) owned a smartphone, and 191 (82.3%) had access to third generation (3G) mobile carriers. The most popular devices were the iPhone and Android. Most of the respondents had intermediate smartphone skills and used smartphones for a number of learning activities. Only 75/232 (32.3%) had specific educational applications installed, while 148/232 (63.7%) used smartphones to access to social media and found it valuable for their education (P<.05). Students accessing social media with their smartphones also showed significantly more advanced skills with smartphones than those who did not (P<.05). There was no significant association between age group, gender, origin, and smartphone skills. There was positive correlation between smartphone skills and students' attitudes toward improving access to learning material (r=.43, P<.05), helping to learn more independently (r=.44, P<.05), and use of smartphones by teaching staff (r=.45, P<.05). Conclusion The results in this study suggest that students use smartphones and social media for their education even though this technology has not been formally included in the curriculum. This might present an opportunity for educators to design educational methods, activities, and material that are suitable for smartphones and allow students to use this technology, thereby accommodating students’ current diverse learning approaches.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms influence susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Taiwanese population

Vitamin D and its receptor have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. We have therefore studied the influence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, and rates of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibody and islet cell autoantibody (ICA512) positivity.
The contribution of the therapist's competence in the treatment of adolescents with generalized social phobia.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore which of the outcomes attained by the application of the psychological program Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social (Intervention in Adolescents with Social Phobia) can be attributed to the therapist's competence. METHOD The experimental study consists of three conditions: Waiting list control, Group treated by expert psychologists, and Group treated by inexperienced psychologists, with a sample of 110 Spanish adolescents whose mean age was 15.42 years (SD = 0.97, range: 14-18). All participants met the criteria for diagnosis of Generalized Social Phobia) and most of them were female (65.45%). RESULTS (i) The effect size attributable to the therapist was low compared to the effect size associated with the manual-based treatment program in the dependent variables measured, and (ii) Expert therapists attained a much greater remission of the criteria for the diagnosis of Generalized Social Phobia among participants than did the inexperienced therapists. CONCLUSIONS The IAFS Program was responsible for most of the change measured in participants.
Scattering from lossy dielectric objects buried beneath randomly rough ground: validating the semi-analytic mode matching algorithm with 2-D FDFD

A new semi-analytic mode matching (SAMM) algorithm is verified by two-dimensional (2-D) finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) simulations of scattering resulting from uniform plane waves incident on randomly rough dielectric half-spaces containing buried dielectric targets. The SAMM algorithm uses moderately low-order modal superpositions of cylindrical waves, each of which satisfies the 2-D-Helmholtz equation in its appropriate region (air, ground, or mine) and then matches all nonzero electric and magnetic field components at each interface by inverting a highly overconstrained dense linear matrix equation by singular value decomposition. That is, the set of cylindrical mode coefficients is found which best fits the boundary conditions in a least squares sense. For smooth ground, coordinate scattering centers (CSCs) are chosen at the mine center and at its image above the plane to model scattering. For randomly rough ground, additional CSCs are located within the rough boundary layer. Excellent agreement between 2-D-FDFD and the 2-D version of SAMM is observed, with 2-D-SAMM being at least an order of magnitude faster. 3-D-SAMM is estimated to be four orders of magnitude faster than 3-D-FDFD, with drastically reduced memory requirements.
Accuracy of needle position measurements using fiber Bragg gratings

Abstract Accurate placement of the needle tip is essential in percutaneous therapies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver tumors. Use of a robotic system for navigating the needle could improve the targeting accuracy. Real-time information on the needle tip position is needed, since a needle deflects during insertion in tissue. Needle shape can be reconstructed based on strain measurements within the needle. In the current experiment we determined the accuracy with which the needle tip position can be derived from strain measurements using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs). Three glass fibers equipped with two FBGs each were incorporated in a needle. The needle was clamped at one end and deformed by applying static radial displacements at one or two locations. The FBG output was used for offline estimation of the needle shape and tip position. During deflections of the needle tip up to 12.5 mm, the tip position was estimated with a mean accuracy of 0.89 mm (std 0.42 mm). Adding a second deflection resulted in an error of 1.32 mm (std 0.48 mm). This accuracy is appropriate for applications such as RFA of liver tumors. The results further show that the accuracy can be improved by optimizing the placement of FBGs.
Investigation of ELISA and PCR for Diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis

Background and Aims: Infectious mononucleosis (IM)is the clinical manifestation of primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Humans are the only known reservoir of EBV. Regarding the problems in diagnosis of the disease, the purpose of this study was to assess Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a diagnostic tool for this disease. Materials and Methods: 50 samples were collected from the suspicious patients with EBV and 50 samples from the healthy individuals as the control and both techniques were applied for them. Results: The results showed that 76% of the patients and 14% of the control samples had EBV DNA in serum with PCR. Statistical analysis showed significant difference between the patient and the control samples for infection with EBV (P < 0.0001). Samples were classified into three groups according to the ELISA that were acute phase (20%), recent infection or convalescence phase (14%) and past infection (66%), respectively. Conclusions: Comparing the two methods, the results of the ELISA test indicated that ELISA would be the best method to be used for the diagnosis of IM. Our results suggest that serology may be more sensitive and could be performed as the initial screening test for acute EBV infection. Although, the PCR test is routinely used as an accurate method for detection of the pathogens with a higher specificity and sensitivity comparing the immunoassay, in IM, ELISA seems to be the best method for detecting antibodies against EBV.
Stability of breathers in simple mechanical models for DNA

This work studies through the Floquet theory the stability of breathers generated by the anti-continuous limit. We used the Peyrard-Bishop model for DNA and two kinds of nonlinear potential: the Morse potential and a potential with a hump. The comparison of their stability was done in function of the coupling parameter. We also investigate the dynamic behaviour of the system in stable and unstable regions. Qualitatively, the dynamic of mobile breathers resembles DNA.
The logic of Babel : Causal reasoning from conflicting sources

Ill defined problems lack structure partially because there is no agreed upon way of representing the problem. In this follow-up study, we examine how diagrams help students learn to analyze policy arguments. Our previous work asked students to predict the effect of a policy intervention based on testimonies from conflicting sources, and showed that teaching students a formal, diagrammatic procedure improved students’ predictions. In this study we looked at how students and experts use diagrams so that we could a) identify errors in student reasoning and b) start to develop a cognitive model of construction and interpretation of causal diagrams. We thus conducted an informal protocol analysis on how 4 novices and 3 experts solved causal reasoning problems using 1) text, 2) text and a correct diagrammatic representation, and 3) text with a diagramming tool. We found that many of the errors in causal reasoning stemmed not from the difficulty of using diagrams per se, but from conflicts of background knowledge with the provided testimonies. Some participants demonstrated a diagram confirmation bias, i.e. they reinterpreted the diagram syntax to reach a conclusion more consistent with their beliefs. Other participants made arguably normative “errors,” i.e. they correctly interpreted the sources’ claims in the testimony, but judged their own knowledge to be more credible. Allowing students to apply arbitrary background knowledge poses a problem for intelligent tutors that require a fully specified problem space. We conclude that tutors may be able to distinguish between confirmation bias and normative uses of background knowledge by asking students to explicitly add their background knowledge to the diagram.