Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide instantly sensitizes female yellow fever mosquitoes to human skin odours

SUMMARY Female mosquitoes are noted for their ability to use odours to locate a host for a blood meal. Two sensory organs contribute to their sense of smell: the maxillary palps, which measure the level of CO2, and the antennae, which detect other host-released odours. To establish the relative importance and interactions of CO2 and other body emissions in freely flying mosquitoes, we presented female yellow fever mosquitoes Aedes aegypti L. with broad plumes of human skin odour and CO2 at natural concentrations and dilutions thereof in a wind tunnel. 3-D video-recorded flight tracks were reconstructed. Activation, flight velocity, upwind turning and source finding waned quickly as skin odours were diluted, whereas in the presence of CO2 these parameters remained unchanged over more than a 100-fold dilution from exhaled concentrations. Although mosquitoes were behaviourally less sensitive to skin odours than to CO2, their sensitivity to skin odours increased transiently by at least fivefold immediately following a brief encounter with a filament of CO2. This sensitization was reflected in flight velocity, track angle, turning rate upon entering and exiting the broad odour plume and, ultimately, in the source-finding rate. In Ae. aegypti, CO2 thus functions as a `releaser' for a higher sensitivity and responsiveness to skin odours. The initially low responsiveness of mosquitoes to skin odours, their high sensitivity to CO2, and the sensitization of the olfactory circuitry by CO2 are ecologically relevant, because rapidly fluctuating CO2 levels reliably signal a potential host. Possible mechanisms of the instantaneous sensitization are considered.
Interference-aware topology control for wireless personal area networks

Recently, many wireless devices operate in the 2.4GHz ISM band. Wireless personal area network (WPAN) can suffer significant performance degradation due to the interference of WLAN and Bluetooth. This paper proposes an interference-aware topology control algorithm for WPANs. In the proposed algorithm, each node adjusts the transmission power dynamically by considering the interference effect. In the meanwhile, each node maintains its local topology adaptively to minimize the interference effect. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the previous algorithms in terms of the energy and the delivery performances in WLAN and Bluetooth interference environments.
Estimated Cerebrospina Fluid Pressure and the 5-Year Incidence of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Chinese Population

Purpose We aim to assess the longitudinal association between baseline estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and 5-year incident primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in a population-based sample of Bai Chinese living in rural China. Methods Among the 2133 Bai Chinese aged 50 years or older who had participated in the baseline examination of the Yunnan Minority Eye Study, 1520 (71.3%) attended the follow-up examination after five years and 1485 were at risk of developing POAG. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at both baseline and follow-up surveys. CSFP in mmHg was estimated as 0.55 × body mass index (kg/m2) + 0.16 × diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)-0.18 × age (years)-1.91. Glaucoma was defined using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology Classification criteria. Multivariate logistic regression models were established to determine the association between baseline CSFP and incident POAG. Results After a mean follow-up time of 5 years, 19 new cases of POAG were detected, with an incidence rate of 1.3% (95% confidence interval, 0.7–1.9%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, education, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, hypertension and diabetes, no significant associations, nor any trends, were evident between baseline estimated CSFP and incident POAG. The association between estimated CSFP per mmHg increase in baseline and 5-year incidence of POAG was also non-significant, with adjusted relative risk of 0.96 (P = 0.11) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions This longitudinal cohort study does not support previously observed cross-sectional association between estimated CSFP and POAG in population-based studies.
Education Management in Managerialist Times: Beyond the Textual Apologists

Part one: Background Introduction what's wrong with education management? The market, neo-liberalism and the new managerialism Inequality, education reform and the response of education management writers Reading the textual apologists Part two: The textual apologists Educational marketing School improvement School development planning and strategic human resource management School leadership School change Part three: Conclusion Education management where to now? References Index.
An Alternative Call Policy For Convertible Debt 29 DATA

The results of this study suggest that current convertible bond call policies do not maximize shareholder wealth. We offer an alternative call policy based on intuitive, firm specific characteristics. In addition, a cost effective trading strategy which results in a profit should a failed conversion occur is also formulated. If management is trying to maximize current shareholder wealth, then both the premiums established in executing current call policies and the 20 percent rule-of-thumb premium are too large. Failed conversion costs are roughly four times the cost of the trading strategy developed to avoid them. This is true for all premium levels. Therefore, the optimal call policy as defined in this study is consistent with management’s goal of maximizing shareholder wealth.
Topological Free Entropy Dimensions in Nuclear C$^*$-algebras and in Full Free Products of Quasidiagonal C$^*$-algebras

In the paper, we introduce a new concept of topological orbit dimension of ntuples of elements in a unital C algebra. Using this concept, we conclude that the Voiculescu’s topological free entropy dimension of any family of self-adjoint generators of a nuclear C algebra is less than or equal to 1. We also show that the topological free entropy dimension is additive in the full free products of qusidiagonal unital C algebras.
Calibration Protocol for Broadband Near-Field Microwave Microscopy

In this paper, we describe how to define and build a set of known loads to be used in near-field microwave microscopy. Such loads are necessary to set up a microwave calibration kit, enabling local quantitative measurements by the microscope. The proposed protocol is validated through the microscopy system we have recently developed that combines a scanning tunneling microscope and a 70-GHz vector network analyzer.
BiP, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, modulates the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance

Morphine is a potent analgesic, but the molecular mechanism for tolerance formation after repeated use is not fully understood. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that is central to ER function. We examined knock‐in mice expressing a mutant BiP with the retrieval sequence deleted in order to elucidate physiological processes that are sensitive to BiP functions. We tested the thermal antinociceptive effect of morphine in heterozygous mutant BiP mice in a hot plate test. Paw withdrawal latencies before and after a single administration of morphine were not significantly different between the wild‐type and mutant BiP mice. Repeated morphine administration caused the development of morphine tolerance in the wild‐type mice. The activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3b (GSK‐3b) was associated with morphine tolerance, because an inhibitor of GSK‐3β prevented it. On the other hand, the mutant BiP mice showed less morphine tolerance, and the activation of GSK‐3b was suppressed in their brain. These results suggest that BiP may play an important role in the development of morphine tolerance. Furthermore, we found that a chemical chaperone which improves ER protein folding capacity also attenuated the development of morphine tolerance in wild‐type mice, suggesting a possible clinical application of chemical chaperones in preventing morphine tolerance.
Effects of human-machine interaction mechanisms on situation awareness in partly automated driving

In recent years, one of the goals of driver assistance systems has been to relieve the driver of parts of his burden of driving. Current developments are able to take over full control of the vehicle in specific use cases. Automated driving in traffic jams is seen as the next step towards automated driving. One of the main challenges is ensuring the driver's ability to take back responsibility when being driven by the car. The assumption that drivers tend to perform secondary tasks creates a target conflict. Within this context, it is the aim of the current study to analyze the impacts of an exemplary secondary task and certain Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) mechanisms on the driver's level of situation awareness and the resulting driving safety. The implemented HMI mechanisms are a “driver's safety device” and a “video image”. While it is hypothesized that the secondary task has a negative influence on situation awareness, the HMI mechanism's effect is supposed to be positive. In addition, the overall user's acceptance will also be analyzed. The results show that the implemented driver's safety device has no effect on situation awareness but is still able to support driving safety by assisting the driver in the execution of actions. The video image has a positive effect on situation awareness but because the complacency-effect is enhanced its effect on driving safety is negligible. As assumed, the secondary task has a negative impact on situation awareness and driving safety.
Efficacy and Safety of Fluoxetine in the Treatment of Patients With Major Depression After First Myocardial Infarction: Findings From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective Depression and hostility are significant risk factors for mortality and morbidity after myocardial infarction (MI). Much research is still needed to identify effective ways to reduce emotional distress in patients with cardiovascular disease. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the efficacy and safety of the antidepressant fluoxetine in patients with depression after their first MI. Methods Fifty-four patients with major depression after MI were randomly assigned to receive a flexible-dose regimen of fluoxetine or placebo for the first 9 weeks of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients without serious adverse effects who wished to continue participating in the study were given fluoxetine or placebo for an additional 16 weeks. To evaluate the efficacy of fluoxetine, the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and the Hostility Scale of the 90-item Symptom Check List (SCL-90) were used as primary measures of outcome. To evaluate the safety of fluoxetine, cardiac function was measured before and after treatment with echocardiography and electrocardiography. Results The a priori difference in antidepressive efficacy (4-point difference in HAMD-17 scores between the fluoxetine and placebo groups) was not met. However, the response rate among patients receiving fluoxetine was significantly greater than that among patients receiving placebo at week 25 (48 vs. 26%, p = .05). Among patients with mild depression (HAMD-17 score ≤21), HAMD-17 scores were significantly different (p < .05) between the fluoxetine and placebo groups at weeks 9 (by 5.4 points) and 25 (by 5.8 points). Also, hostility scores at week 25 were significantly reduced among patients receiving fluoxetine (p = .02). Analysis of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters revealed no decrease in cardiac function as a result of treatment with fluoxetine. Conclusions: Although the overall difference between the fluoxetine and placebo groups was not significant, there was a trend favoring fluoxetine in this relatively small sample. The response rate in the group receiving fluoxetine was comparable with that observed in other studies of patients with cardiovascular disease. In addition, fluoxetine seemed to be particularly effective in patients with mild depression and was associated with a statistically significant reduction in hostility. The results of this study suggest that fluoxetine can be safely used to treat patients with post-MI depression beginning 3 months after the event.
Role of dissolved organic matter in hypolimnetic mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in a large, monomictic lake

We tested the hypothesis that dissolved organic matter (DOM) is delivered to deep layers by convective mixing in winter, where it contributes to the mineralization of C, N, and P in the oxygenated hypolimnion of large (surface area 674 km2, maximum depth 104 m), monomictic Lake Biwa. Basin‐scale, seasonal measurements of DOM concentrations revealed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) accumulated in the epilimnion during warm seasons and were redistributed into the deeper layer during winter overturn. Hypolimnetic DOC and DON decreased in concentration over the stratification period, indicating mineralization; the contributions of DOM to the total mineralization of C and N were 8% and 30%, respectively. Higher contribution of N relative to C suggests that the N‐rich DOM was mineralized at depth. We failed to detect a significant contribution of dissolved organic phosphorus to P mineralization in the hypolimnion, which could be explained by substantial depletion in P relative to C and N of DOM; C: P and N: P ratios were 1,978 and 147, respectively. The data suggest that convective mixing in this monomictic basin delivers DOM to hypolimnetic depths, where it is mineralized during subsequent periods of stratification.
A New Greedy Algorithm for Multiple Sparse Regression

This paper proposes a new algorithm for multiple sparse regression in high dimensions, where the task is to estimate the support and values of several (typically related) sparse vectors from a few noisy linear measurements. Our algorithm is a \forward-backward" greedy procedure that { uniquely { operates on two distinct classes of objects. In particular, we organize our target sparse vectors as a matrix; our algorithm involves iterative addition and removal of both (a) individual elements, and (b) entire rows (corresponding to shared features), of the matrix. Analytically, we establish that our algorithm manages to recover the supports (exactly) and values (approximately) of the sparse vectors, under assumptions similar to existing approaches based on convex optimization. However, our algorithm has a much smaller computational complexity. Perhaps most interestingly, it is seen empirically to require visibly fewer samples. Ours represents the rst attempt to extend greedy algorithms to the class of models that can only/best be represented by a combination of component structural assumptions (sparse and group-sparse, in our case).
Keeping the trainee on track

Serious games and other training applications have the requirement that they should be suitable for trainees with different skill levels. Current approaches either use human experts or a completely centralized approach for this adaptation. Where agents are increasingly used in serious game implementations as a means to reduce complexity and increase believability, their use for adaptation can lead to situations in which the lack of coordination between the agents makes it practically impossible to follow the intended storyline of the game and select suitable difficulties for the trainee. In this paper we propose an architecture for game design that introduces a monitoring module to check the development of user skills and direct coordinated agent adaptation. Agents propose possible courses of action that are fitting their role and context, and the monitor module uses this information together with its evaluation of user level and storyline progress to determine the most suitable combination of proposals.
Navigo--Accessibility Solutions for Cerebral Palsy Affected

This paper presents the architecture of an integrated teachable interface, designed and implemented to provide accessibility solutions to the cerebral palsy patient in the virtual and urban space. It enables multimodal interaction between the palsy user and computers, handhelds and remote controlled appliances for enhanced usability. The idea is to redesign the system by changing the way we interpret the input, to suit the user's needs. The USP of the solution is that it is extremely dynamic, flexible and customizable to the entire range and levels of a complex condition as cerebral palsy. It works on the basis of allowing an individual to define simple variable inputs for himself and the system enabling him using the same by various specially designed tools, interfaces and feedback mechanisms.
Orienting Attention in Time Activates Left Intraparietal Sulcus for Both Perceptual and Motor Task Goals

Attention can be directed not only toward a location in space but also to a moment in time (“temporal orienting”). Temporally informative cues allow subjects to predict when an imminent event will occur, thereby speeding responses to that event. In contrast to spatial orienting, temporal orienting preferentially activates left inferior parietal cortex. Yet, left parietal cortex is also implicated in selective motor attention, suggesting its activation during temporal orienting could merely reflect incidental engagement of preparatory motor processes. Using fMRI, we therefore examined whether temporal orienting would still activate left parietal cortex when the cued target required a difficult perceptual discrimination rather than a speeded motor response. Behaviorally, temporal orienting improved accuracy of target identification as well as speed of target detection, demonstrating the general utility of temporal cues. Crucially, temporal orienting selectively activated left inferior parietal cortex for both motor and perceptual versions of the task. Moreover, conjunction analysis formally revealed a region deep in left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as common to both tasks, thereby identifying it as a core neural substrate for temporal orienting. Despite the context-independent nature of left IPS activation, complementary psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed how the functional connectivity of left IPS changed as a function of task context. Specifically, left IPS activity covaried with premotor activity during motor temporal orienting but with visual extrastriate activity during perceptual temporal orienting, thereby revealing a cooperative network that comprises both temporal orienting and task-specific processing nodes.
Ethical Decision Making: Developmental Theory and Practice.

This document is a compilation of materials from a presentation on ethical decision making. These components are included: (1) four sample moral dilemmas; (2) graphs of Kohlberg's six stages of moral growth; (3) graphs of Gilligan's Theory of Moral Judgments; (4) graphs of Kitchner's Theory of Ethical Principles; (5) a discussion of the four components of R,,st's Model of Ethical Decision Making--interpreting the situaLon, deciding what is morally right, choosing between moral values and other values, and implementing a plan of action; (6) a discussion of practical applications of Rest's model focused on college students and arranged within each of the four previously mentioned components of Rest's model; (7) a list of ethical decision making situations for college student leaders; (8) a list of ethical issues for college student leaders to discuss using Rest's four component model; (9) a list of 10 ethical myths with a short discussion of each; and (10) a list of 10 commandments of executive integrity with accompanying lists of cognitive and affective elements. References are listed. (ABL) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original documenL. ********************************************************************* "Ethical Decision Making: Developmental Theory and Practice" National Association of Student Personnel Administrators U S DEPARTMENT OF EOUCATION 0(1(ce of Educatrona, Research and imp,p,emeru EOL: ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER ERIC hs document has been reproduced as receh,ea from me oersoh or organ.zat(on 0,,glnatng C Minor changes nave been made to 'prove ,egaroducho-,Qualay Polots 01 vlew or OP n,Oos stated ,n tntsCIOCu rnent do not neCeSSanIy egvesent nuic(ar OE FR pos.fion or pot,' Denver, Colorado March 1989 Presenters: "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY (ji.j1:11-46L TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" Barbara Par zl and Timothy McMahon Department of Residence Life and Housing Washington State University
Measurement of Torsional Eye Movement Using Terminal Points of Conjunctival Blood Vessels

The angle of torsional eye movement has small amplitude, a high degree of resolution and precision will be required. In the current mainstream method of obtaining the angle of torsional eye movement using an iris pattern, it has been difficult to ensure measurement with a tolerance of 1.0(degree) or less at all times due to changes in the deformation of the iris pattern. We wish to propose a method for high-speed and highprecision measurement of the torsional eye movement by the conjunctival vessel extraction method where attention is paid to the conjunctival vessel end located on the outer edge of the iris as a site impervious to changes in the diameter of the pupil. In the step of evaluation, the vessel end position is measured by visual observation based on the image of torsional eye movement captured from three persons, and the tolerance of this system is calculated. It has been possible to take measurements with a precision of 0.24(degree) or less at a processing speed of 30(fps) or more, even when there is a change in the diameter of the pupil.
Performance of secure network coding based on homomorphic encryption

Recently, a number of cryptographic security measures for random network coding (RNC) has been proposed in literature in response to the security treats to RNC; however most of them are computationally heavy. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a secure network coding scheme based on a homomorphic encryption scheme and discuss how to minimize its computational cost. Via experimental results, we argue that our method reduces computational overhead significantly in some settings.
A probabilistic methodology for predicting injuries to human operators in automated production lines

Mobile robots are increasingly utilised in automated plants to the purpose of moving wares and material between the different production lines and logistic areas. In this context, the presence of human operators in the facility is frequently allowed to carry out or supervise some phases of the production. The problem arises of how to make the coexistence possible with controlled risks for the operator and without affecting the productivity with frequent interruptions. In this paper we propose a solution to this problem based on a probabilistic technique. A system of visual sensor (mounted on the mobile robots) detects the presence of a human operator and a discrete abstraction (essentially a discrete-time Markov chain) is used to predict his/her motion and hence find the probability of an accidental injury. For the computation of the latter, we combine the probability of having a collision with a given speed with the probability of receiving an injury out of the collision (taken from physiological models suggested by the automotive literature).