Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeting von Hippel-Lindau Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Inheritance of a defective copy of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene leads to the most common cause of inherited renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In addition, most patients with sporadic RCC have aberrant VHL. In the absence of VHL, hypoxia-inducible factor α accumulates, leading to production of several growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. We review here the biology of RCC and how a combination of proximal and distal block of VHL/hypoxia-inducible factor α pathway by novel targeted agents, including sunitinib, sorafenib, bevacizumab, everolimus, and temsirolimus, has led to significant improvements in progression-free survival.
Affordable and effective screening of delay defects in ASICs using the inline resistance fault model

Transition delay fault (TDF) testing has become a necessary test method in very deep sub micron (VDSM) technologies due to the presence of resistive defects that cause subtle timing failures. The transition delay fault model is based on a slow-to-rise and slow-to-fall fault at each node in the circuit. Some resistive defects such as resistive vias actually induce both faults and the TDF test set can contain unnecessary test patterns for proper screening of this type of defect. The inline resistance fault (IRF) model more accurately represents this defect type and is studied in depth in This work. ATPG experimental results show that IRF patterns can be generated 1.4 to 1.8 times faster with 45% to 58% fewer patterns than traditional TDF patterns. IRF and TDF pattern test results are presented and show that the more expensive TDF remains a more comprehensive test than IRF as expected, but that the quality impact of using only the IRF test set is minimal, especially when combined with effective IDDQ outlier screening such as statistical post processing. Additionally, a methodology is presented for the determination of the number of delay defects that behave according to each model from the test data alone, which is necessary to accurately determine delay defect coverage from multiple test coverage metrics.
Explaining Qualitative Preference Models

We propose an explanation facility for a qualitative preference representation framework. We show how an explanation can be provided for qualitative, multi-criteria preferences based on the criteria that are used to decide preferences between outcomes. Such a facility provides an important tool for a user to understand how preferences are determined. We show that this facility can also be used by a user to inform the system about its preferences. Such a user-provided explanation can be used for updating and improving a preference model maintained by the system.
84 v 3 2 1 D ec 2 00 4 Some comments on the recent results about the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect in the gravitational effect of the Earth with the LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites

Some comments on the recent results about the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect in the gravitational effect of the Earth with the LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites. Abstract In a recently published paper Ciufolini reports on the so far performed tests aimed at the detection of the general relativistic gravito-magnetic Lense-Thirring effect in the gravitational field of the Earth by means of the analysis of the laser-ranged data of the existing LAGEOS and LAGEOS II geodetic satellites. In this paper we will critically discuss his claims by showing that the total error, mainly due to the systematic bias due to the mismodelling in the static and time-varying parts of the multipolar expansion of the Newtonian terrestrial gravi-tational potential, might probably be quite larger than that claimed by Ciufolini. E.g., the systematic error due to the mismodelling in the static part of the geopotential in the tests performed with the EGM96 Earth gravity model and the combination involving the nodes of LA-GEOS and LAGEOS II and the perigee of LAGEOS II realistically amounts to more than 80% (1-σ): the claimed total uncertainty, including also the non-gravitational perturbations which especially affect the perigee of LAGEOS II, is, instead, 20-25%. The claimed accuracy in the performed tests with the CHAMP-only EIGEN2 Earth gravity model and a combination involving the nodes of LAGEOS and LA-GEOS II over 10 years is 18%, while it might be 47-141% (1-3σ) if the impact of the secular variations of the even zonal harmonics over a so long observational time span is accounted for.
A visualization programming environment for multicomputers

The programming and run-time environment used for the authors' multicomputer visualization software are described. The particular approach to using multicomputers for scientific visualization provides a uniform interface to system and communications facilities and promotes modularity and code reuse. No breakthrough technology is involved; rather, a collection of methods that have been developed by others has been optimized for visual computing applications and unified into a system that is simple to use and easy to port to new hardware. The C language is used. Initial experience with the system has been good. <<ETX>>
Styling Influence to the Loyalty for Knowledge Sharing on WikID

— WikID is a wiki for industrial design engineers. An important aspect for the viability of a wiki is the loyalty of the user community to share their information and knowledge by adding this knowledge to the wiki. For the initiators of a wiki it is therefore important to use every aspect to stimulate the user community to actively participate. In this study the focus is on the styling of the website. The central question is: How could the WikID website be visually designed to achieve a user experience which will incite the user to actively participate in the WikID community? After a literature study on the influencing factors of a website, a new interface has been designed by applying the rules found, in order to expand this website’s active user community. An online questionnaire regarding the old or the new website gave insights in the opinions of users. As expected, the new website was rated more positively than the old website. However, the differences are limited.
Chip Impedance Matching for UHF RFID Tag Antenna Design

Passive UHF RFID tag consists of a microchip attached directly to an antenna. Proper impedance match between the antenna and the chip is crucial in RFID tag design. It directly influences RFID system performance characteristics such as the range of a tag. It is known that an RFID microchip is a nonlinear load whose complex impedance in each state varies with the frequency and the input power. This paper illustrates a proper calculation of the tag power reflection coefficient for maximum power transfer by taking into account of the changing chip impedance versus frequency.
Coming out in Bytes and Pieces: Self­identification Online

This position paper explores the statement that online teachers should disclose their gender, race, class, age, values, interests, politics, capacities, heritage, sexual orientations and/or preferences, in the interests of valuing and advancing the recognition of diversity. Teachers, especially in the social sciences and humanities, should also encourage their students to do the same. Self­disclosure is advocated as the cornerstone of vital and empowering educational relationships and transformative learning. The use of various methods of teacher and student self­disclosure in a multi­media environment are explored, with a particular emphasis on coming out as a lesbian.
Phylogenetic analysis of higher-level relationships within Hydroidolina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) using mitochondrial genome data and insight into their mitochondrial transcription

Hydrozoans display the most morphological diversity within the phylum Cnidaria. While recent molecular studies have provided some insights into their evolutionary history, sister group relationships remain mostly unresolved, particularly at mid-taxonomic levels. Specifically, within Hydroidolina, the most speciose hydrozoan subclass, the relationships and sometimes integrity of orders are highly unsettled. Here we obtained the near complete mitochondrial sequence of twenty-six hydroidolinan hydrozoan species from a range of sources (DNA and RNA-seq data, long-range PCR). Our analyses confirm previous inference of the evolution of mtDNA in Hydrozoa while introducing a novel genome organization. Using RNA-seq data, we propose a mechanism for the expression of mitochondrial mRNA in Hydroidolina that can be extrapolated to the other medusozoan taxa. Phylogenetic analyses using the full set of mitochondrial gene sequences provide some insights into the order-level relationships within Hydroidolina, including siphonophores as the first diverging clade, a well-supported clade comprised of Leptothecata-Filifera III–IV, and a second clade comprised of Aplanulata-Capitata s.s. -Filifera I–II. Finally, we describe our relatively inexpensive and accessible multiplexing strategy to sequence long-range PCR amplicons that can be adapted to most high-throughput sequencing platforms.
A new metric for routing in multi-hop wireless sensor networks for detection of correlated random fields

The problem of combining task performance and routing for the detection of correlated random fields using multi-hop wireless sensor networks is considered. Under the assumption of Gauss-Markov structure along a given route, a link metric that captures the detection performance associated with a route is derived. Under Bayesian formulation Chernoff information is used as a performance criterion. It is shown that at high SNR Chernoff information is approximately given by a sum of the logarithm of the innovation variance at each link, which thus provides a link metric to determine the optimal route for the detection application. The value of the proposed metric is equivalent to the mutual information for Gaussian channel with signal power defined as the variance of signal innovation. The properties of the proposed metric are also investigated. It is shown that for SNR>1, as a function of link length, the metric is 1) strictly increasing, 2) strictly concave, 3) bounded from above and the maximum information that a link can provide is 1/2log(1+SNR) achieved by independent and identically distributed samples. It is also shown that the proposed link metric is well approximated by a function of the length of the corresponding link only
Comparison of Conventional Chemotherapy, Stealth Liposomes and Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes in a Mathematical Model

Various liposomal drug carriers have been developed to overcome short plasma half-life and toxicity related side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. We developed a mathematical model to compare different liposome formulations of doxorubicin (DOX): conventional chemotherapy (Free-DOX), Stealth liposomes (Stealth-DOX), temperature sensitive liposomes (TSL) with intra-vascular triggered release (TSL-i), and TSL with extra-vascular triggered release (TSL-e). All formulations were administered as bolus at a dose of 9 mg/kg. For TSL, we assumed locally triggered release due to hyperthermia for 30 min. Drug concentrations were determined in systemic plasma, aggregate body tissue, cardiac tissue, tumor plasma, tumor interstitial space, and tumor cells. All compartments were assumed perfectly mixed, and represented by ordinary differential equations. Contribution of liposomal extravasation was negligible in the case of TSL-i, but was the major delivery mechanism for Stealth-DOX and for TSL-e. The dominant delivery mechanism for TSL-i was release within the tumor plasma compartment with subsequent tissue- and cell uptake of released DOX. Maximum intracellular tumor drug concentrations for Free-DOX, Stealth-DOX, TSL-i, and TSL-e were 3.4, 0.4, 100.6, and 15.9 µg/g, respectively. TSL-i and TSL-e allowed for high local tumor drug concentrations with reduced systemic exposure compared to Free-DOX. While Stealth-DOX resulted in high tumor tissue concentrations compared to Free-DOX, only a small fraction was bioavailable, resulting in little cellular uptake. Consistent with clinical data, Stealth-DOX resulted in similar tumor intracellular concentrations as Free-DOX, but with reduced systemic exposure. Optimal release time constants for maximum cellular uptake for Stealth-DOX, TSL-e, and TSL-i were 45 min, 11 min, and <3 s, respectively. Optimal release time constants were shorter for MDR cells, with ∼4 min for Stealth-DOX and for TSL-e. Tissue concentrations correlated well quantitatively with a prior in-vivo study. Mathematical models may thus allow optimization of drug delivery systems to achieve a better therapeutic index.
A Deterministic Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme for Counting Knapsack Solutions

Given $n$ elements with nonnegative integer weights $w_1, \ldots, w_n$ and an integer capacity $C$, we consider the counting version of the classic knapsack problem: find the number of distinct subsets whose weights add up to at most the given capacity. We give a deterministic algorithm that estimates the number of solutions to within relative error $1\pm\varepsilon$ in time polynomial in $n$ and $1/\varepsilon$ (fully polynomial approximation scheme). More precisely, our algorithm takes time $O(n^3\varepsilon^{-1}\log(n/\varepsilon))$. Our algorithm is based on dynamic programming. Previously, randomized polynomial-time approximation schemes were known first by Morris and Sinclair via Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques and subsequently by Dyer via dynamic programming and rejection sampling.
An Epidemiological Survey of Setaria in the Abdominal Cavities of Iranian Sistani and Brahman Cattle in the Southeastern of Iran

Background In this experiment, abdominal cavity of 518 Iranian Sistani cattle and 498 Brahman cattle were inspected for the presence of Setaria spp. from April 2012 - May 2013. Methods The species were determined by microscopic examination of the morphological characteristics of the anterior and posterior parts of the parasites and authentic guidelines. Results The overall prevalence of Setaria spp. was 28.6% and 36.5%, respectively and this difference was significant (P<0.05). Out of 148 Sistani cattle which were infected with Setaria, 51(34.4%) were infected with S. digitata, 31 (20.9%) were infected with S. labiatopapillosa, 65 (43.9%) showed mixed infection of S. digitata and S. labiatopapillosa and one case (0.6%) was infected with mixed infection of S. labiatopapillosa, S. digitata and S. marshalli. These values were 87 (47.8%), 27 (14.8%), 67 (36.8%) and 1 (0.5%) for 182 infected Brahaman cows, respectively. The proportion of infected cattle in spring and summer was greater than cooler season (autumn and winter) significantly (P<0.001). The prevalence of infection with Setaria in 2-3 years old Sistatni cattle (42.2 %) was greater than other age categories (P<0.05). Furthermore, the infection rate between males (25.5%) and females (37.3%) Iranian Sistani cattle showed significant difference (P =0.009). Conclusion It is important to point out the presence of cerebrospinal setariosis, namely in sheep, goats and horses in the investigated area.
Small Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel Knock-Out Mice Reveal the Identity of Calcium-Dependent Afterhyperpolarization Currents

Action potentials in many central neurons are followed by a prolonged afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that influences firing frequency and affects neuronal integration. In hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, the current ascribed to the AHP (IAHP) has three kinetic components. The IfastAHP is predominantly attributable to voltage-dependent K+ channels, whereas Ca2+-dependent and voltage-independent K+channels contribute to the ImediumAHP (ImAHP) and IslowAHP (IsAHP). Apamin, which selectively suppresses a component of the mAHP, increases neuronal excitability and facilitates the induction of synaptic plasticity at Schaffer collateral synapses and hippocampal-dependent learning. The Ca2+-dependent components of the AHP have been attributed to the activity of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels. Examination of transgenic mice, each lacking one of the three SK channel genes expressed in the CNS, reveals that mice without the SK2 subunit completely lack the apamin-sensitive component of the ImAHP in CA1 neurons, whereas the IsAHP is not different in any of the SK transgenic mice. In each of the transgenic lines, the expression levels of the remaining SK genes are not changed. The results demonstrate that only SK2 channels are necessary for the ImAHP, and none of the SK channels underlie the IsAHP.
Consistency Checking of UML Dynamic Models Based on Petri Net Techniques

To aid the development of high quality software applications, we present an approach for consistency checking of UML dynamic models based on Petri net techniques. ECPN, an extended colored Petri net, is used to formally describe state transitions of individual objects and interactions among objects, and is therefore capable of verifying the consistency of the models based on Petri net theory. In this work, we consider UML sequence diagrams and statecharts. The approach begins with a flattening strategy for UML dynamic models and then discusses translation of statecharts with composite states to an ECPN notation. The coverability graph is used to drive the consistency checking process. The paper discusses all phases of the approach and illustrates the concept by an example
An analysis of performance of feed forward neural network : using back propagation learning algorithm

In some practical applications Neural Network (NN), a fast response to external events with in extremely short period is required. However, using back propagation (BP) based on gradient descent optimization method obviously not satisfy many applications because of serious proble ms with BP are slow convergence speed of learning a nd containment low minima. Over the years, many improvements and modifications to the learning algorithm BP have been reported. In this research, we modified existing BP learning alg orithm with adaptive gain adaptive change the momen tum factor and learning rate. Learning patterns, simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can accelera te the convergence behavior and drag the network through deep local mi nima compared to the conventional BP algorithm. Thi s work focuses upon the training parameters to attain opti mal solution for neural network.
GAMMA-RAY VARIABILITY FROM WIND CLUMPING IN HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARIES WITH JETS

In the subclass of high-mass X-ray binaries known as “microquasars,” relativistic hadrons in the jets launched by the compact object can interact with cold protons from the star's radiatively driven wind, producing pions that then quickly decay into gamma rays. Since the resulting gamma-ray emissivity depends on the target density, the detection of rapid variability in microquasars with Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope and the new generation of Cherenkov imaging arrays could be used to probe the clumped structure of the stellar wind. We show here that the fluctuation in gamma rays can be modeled using a “porosity length” formalism, usually applied to characterize clumping effects. In particular, for a porosity length defined by h ≡ ℓ/f, i.e., as the ratio of the characteristic size ℓ of clumps to their volume filling factor f, we find that the relative fluctuation in gamma-ray emission in a binary with orbital separation a scales as in the “thin-jet” limit, and is reduced by a factor for a jet with a finite opening angle ϕ. For a thin jet and quite moderate porosity length h ≈ 0.03a, this implies a ca. 10% variation in the gamma-ray emission. Moreover, the illumination of individual large clumps might result in isolated flares, as has been recently observed in some massive gamma-ray binaries.
Parallelization of Genetic Programming for Solving Mobile Robot Navigation Problem on NOWs

Genetic Programming (GP) has been used to solve a large number of complex problems in various application domains. However, it is known that GP may take the substantial processing time to solve a given problem depending the time required for the fitness evaluation. In this paper, the parallel implementations of GP for solving the mobile robot navigation problem on NOWs (Networks of Workstations) were proposed. Our objective was to reduce the execution time by distributing the task of the serial GP to different processors. Two parallel implementations were examnied. The first implemented a conventional coarse-grained model while the second used a heterogeneous coarse-grained model. The results showed that the second implementation achieved superlinear speedup with the same quality of the answers.
Topological matrix models, Liouville matrix model and c = 1 string theory

This is a review of some beautiful matrix models related to the moduli space of Riemann surfaces as well as to noncritical c=1 string theory at self-dual radius. These include the Penner model and the W-infinity model, which have different origins but are equivalent to each other. In the final section, which is new material, it is shown that these models are also equivalent to a Liouville matrix model. We speculate that this might be interpreted in terms of N D-instantons of the c=1 string.
Systematic network coding for packet loss concealment in broadcast distribution

This paper describes a system for the distribution of content over multicast and broadcast media that uses network coding techniques for concealing packet losses from the applications, improving the received Quality of Service. We propose a systematic network code designed for this purpose, analyze the performance of the code, comparing it with a standard approach based on random linear network coding, and provide experimental results obtained in an implemented prototype of the system.
Asymptotic Conditional Probabilities: The Unary Case

Motivated by problems that arise in computing degrees of belief, we consider the problem of computing asymptotic conditional probabilities for first-order sentences. Given first-order sentences $\phi$ and $\theta$, we consider the structures with domain $\{1,\ldots, N\}$ that satisfy $\theta$, and compute the fraction of them in which $\phi$ is true. We then consider what happens to this fraction as $N$ gets large. This extends the work on 0-1 laws that considers the limiting probability of first-order sentences, by considering asymptotic conditional probabilities. As shown by Liogon'kii [Math. Notes Acad. USSR, 6 (1969), pp.\ 856--861] and by Grove, Halpern, and Koller [Res. Rep. RJ 9564, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, 1993], in the general case, asymptotic conditional probabilities do not always exist, and most questions relating to this issue are highly undecidable. These results, however, all depend on the assumption that $\theta$ can use a nonunary predicate symbol. Liogonkii\ [Math. Notes Acad. USSR, 6 (1969), pp.\ 856--861] shows that if we condition on formulas $\theta$ involving unary predicate symbols only (but no equality or constant symbols), then the asymptotic conditional probability does exist and can be effectively computed. This is the case even if we place no corresponding restrictions on $\phi$. We extend this result here to the case where $\theta$ involves equality and constants. We show that the complexity of computing the limit depends on various factors, such as the depth of quantifier nesting, or whether the vocabulary is finite or infinite. We completely characterize the complexity of the problem in the different cases, and show related results for the associated approximation problem.