Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hashtag Poetics: Political humour on Russian Twitter

Ever since the Russian “Winter of discontent” in 2011/12, the role of social networks in the protest movement has been much studied. Researchers have analysed the emerging structures of online political engagement, the role of social networks in the organization of protest events, the interaction of old and new media, and new models of political leadership. Less attention has been paid to the form, style and rhetoric of online political talk and to the interaction of established models of political discourse with the affordances and constraints of new technologies. In this paper, I focus on political humour and analyse one Twitter event from 7 October 2011: tweets featuring the hashtag spasiboputinuzaeto (‘thankstoputinforthat’). I look at the origin and spread of the hashtag, the style of responses, variations and metacommentaries to it. I argue that #spasiboputinuzaeto is a particularly telling example of how established traditions of political humour are transformed and transmediated in a digital context.
Can Developers’ Interaction Data Improve Change Recommendation?

One of the most common causes of bugs is overlooking changes. To prevent bugs and improve the quality of the products, numerous studies have been undertaken on change guides based on logical couplings extracted from developers' past process histories, such as change history. While valuable change rules based on logical couplings can be gleaned found from the change history, these rules often fail to find appropriate candidates because the change histories in repositories only preserve a summary of changes between commits. We recently analyzed the interaction data produced by a developer in an integrated development environment. Such interaction data contains not only a detailed change history but also reference activities between commits. In this paper, we investigate whether logical couplings extracted from interaction data could improve change recommendation performance. We used the interaction data from actual open source development, not from the project only for this study. Experimental results obtained using the interaction data from actual open source development showed a significant improvement in the efficiency of the change recommendation process. The results also indicated improvement in the number of detected artifacts that the developer had forgot to change.
A Bad Education

Mandated disclosure laws achieve their regulatory goals by educating the public about latent attributes of a product or service. At their best, they improve the accuracy of consumers’ cost-benefit analyses compared to a world without disclosure and inspire firms to reduce unnecessary risks. But when mandated disclosures do not improve cost-benefit assessments — when they are useless or, worse still, when they reduce the quality of those assessments — then they constitute a bad education.American privacy law, which is principally a mandated disclosure regime, imposes a bad education on consumers. This article proposes a theory for differentiating valuable disclosures from wasteful and harmful ones. Valuable disclosures provide notice about material attributes without inducing an overreaction. After validating the theory in an experimental setting using disclosures about health risks, moral risks, and pseudoscience, we apply the model to four distinct forms of privacy invasive practices. We find that the disclosures required by regulators are usually wasteful and may cause consumers to overreact. This is the first study to compare disclosures about privacy practices to disclosures about other types of attributes. It raises for the first time a troubling insight: if consumer law were guided by the same justifications as our privacy law, it would have to mandate disclosures about GMOs, animal testing, and an unlimited range of other attributes that produce visceral responses.
Lower levels of plasma adiponectin and endothelial progenitor cells are associated with large artery atherosclerotic stroke

Background: Both adiponectin and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been proposed recently with anti-atherosclerosis effects. However, their impacts on vascular outcomes in patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectin, EPCs and stroke with a case-control design. Methods: The study cohort included 127 patients (61.3 ± 11.0 years; 73.2% men) with LAA stroke and 58 control subjects (60.9 ± 9.2 years; 70.7% men) referred for adiponectin and EPCs levels testing. We collected demographic, clinical, angiographical features, and laboratory data. Influence of adiponectin and EPCs levels on cerebral atherosclerosis and LAA stroke was analyzed with regression models. Results: The levels of adiponectin and EPCs in atherosclerotic stroke patients were significantly lower compared with matched controls (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified that reduced levels of adiponectin and EPCs were closely correlated with cerebral atherosclerosis and LAA stroke. The associations remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and other confounders. Additionally, partial correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between adiponectin and three subpopulations of EPCs levels (CD34+CD133+CD309+cells: r = 0.510, p = 0.001; CD34+ CD133−CD309+cells: r = 0.262, p = 0.004; CD34−CD133+CD309+cells: r = 0.348, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Adiponectin is positively correlated with EPCs levels, and both of them are independently associated with LAA stroke.
ODELLING I NFLATION V OLATILITY

This paper discusses estimation of US inﬂation volatility using time varying parameter models, in particular whether it should be modelled as a stationary or random walk stochastic process. Specifying inﬂation volatility as an unbounded process, as implied by the random walk, conﬂicts with priors beliefs, yet a stationary process cannot capture the low frequency behaviour commonly observed in estimates of volatility. We therefore propose an alternative model with a change-point process in the volatility that allows for switches between stationary models to capture changes in the level and dynamics over the past forty years. To accommodate the stationarity restriction, we develop a new representation that is equivalent to our model but is computationally more ef-ﬁcient. All models produce eﬀectively identical estimates of volatility, but the change-point model provides more information on the level and persistence of volatility and the probabilities of changes. For example, we ﬁnd a few well deﬁned switches in the volatility process and, interestingly, these switches line up well with economic slowdowns or changes of the Federal Reserve Chair. Moreover, a decomposition of inﬂation shocks into permanent and transitory components shows that a spike in volatility in the late 2000s was entirely on the transitory side and a characterized by a rise above its long run mean level during a period of higher persistence. Summary: This paper considers the relative virtues of modelling inﬂation volatility as a stationary or non-stationary (random walk) process, both of which are conceptually problematic: random walks have increasing probability bounds while stationary processes cannot capture the large, low frequency movements we observe. We propose a change-point process that captures low-frequency movements while being always bounded in probability. To implement it, we develop a new methodology for sampling bounded state vectors. Our results suggest that for empirical purposes, either stationary or non-stationary processes are adequate, but our new process provides interesting inference on the changes in level and persistence of volatility. y,t and h µ,t follow separate change-point processes. The results we obtained, but did not report, are nearly identical to those generated by a common change-point process. However, computation is noticeably slower with this generalization.
Green-light fundus autofluorescence in diabetic macular edema.

AIM To evaluate the role of central green-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS A consecutive series of 92 study eyes with diabetic retinopathy were included. Out of those, 51 diabetic eyes had DME and were compared to 41 diabetic eyes without DME. In all subjects, green-light FAF images were obtained, quantified and classified into various FAF patterns. Cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were obtained for evaluation of Inner/Outer segment (IS/OS) layer integrity, measurements of central RPE-IS/OS layer thickness as well as classification of DME into various subtypes. RESULTS Mean central green-light FAF intensity of eyes with DME (1.289±0.140)log did not significantly differ from diabetic patients without DME (1.317±0.137)log. Most classifiable FAF patterns were seen in patients with cystoid DME. Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) of all study eyes with DME was (501.9±112.4)µm compared to (328.2±27.0)µm in diabetic patients without DME. Patients with DME had significantly more disrupted photoreceptor IS/OS layers than diabetic patients without DME (28/51 vs 5/41, P<0.001). Mean RPE-IS/OS thickness of patients with DME (60.7±14.1)µm was significantly (P<0.001) lower than in diabetic eyes without DME (73.5±9.4)µm. Correlation analys1s revealed non-significant correlations of green-light FAF intensity and OCT parameters in all subtypes of DME. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a poor correlation of central green-light FAF intensity with CRT, IS/OS layer integrity or RPE-IS/OS layer thickness in diabetic patients with or without DME and its various subtypes. Thus, central green-light FAF is not suitable for detection of retinal thickening in DME.
Central Banking and the Crisis. A Comparison of the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank Measures, and the ECB's Changing Role in the EU Economic Governance System

The European Central Bank (ECB) has received a lot of criticism for its too little, too late performance to ease market pressures during the economic crisis. At the same time, the ECB and the Federal Reserve (FED) have managed the new economic realities that have emerged in the international context differently. Despite the criticisms, the European Central Bank is the European Union institution that has assumed more control due to the new model of economic governance of the EU. Why did the Federal Reserve act so nimbly and quickly to calm the markets, while the ECB was so cautious in managing monetary policy? The aim of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of the management of interest rates and other monetary policy measures undertaken by the Central Bank and the Federal Reserve during the economic crisis, as well as to understand the changes in the context of the ECB and the emergence of its authority within the European Union’s economic governance model since 2011. Thus, in order to carry out a scrupulous exposition, we will also limit the time frame of this study to the 2007-2014 period.
Evaluation research of marketing performance of city gas station based on the behavioral process

In the competitive market model, the performance of city gas station is created by the acts of sales, while the sales generated by the behavior of consumer awareness, consumer behavior, the competitive environment, marketing innovation, and other elements of composition, and the performance of the sales is the result of all the marketing elements. Based on this understanding, we consider the sales of consumer awareness, buying behavior, market structure, innovation, ect. factors for as the overall index. Also, according to the inner system of main indicator, we decompose the main indicators and construct the Marketing Performance Evaluation index system of city gas station. According to the characters of the index system, using the hierarchical analysis, taking the specific stations, we check the index we have built. The result shows that consumers' satisfaction, loyalty and their appreciation to the quality of service have great impact on the performance of marketing.
Assembly of Regulatory Factors on rRNA and Ribosomal Protein Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT HMO1 is a high-mobility group B protein that plays a role in transcription of genes encoding rRNA and ribosomal proteins (RPGs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study uses genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation to study the roles of HMO1, FHL1, and RAP1 in transcription of these genes as well as other RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes in yeast. The results show that HMO1 associates with the 35S rRNA gene in an RNA polymerase I-dependent manner and that RPG promoters (138 in total) can be classified into several distinct groups based on HMO1 abundance at the promoter and the HMO1 dependence of FHL1 and/or RAP1 binding to the promoter. FHL1, a key regulator of RPGs, binds to most of the HMO1-enriched and transcriptionally HMO1-dependent RPG promoters in an HMO1-dependent manner, whereas it binds to HMO1-limited RPG promoters in an HMO1-independent manner, irrespective of whether they are transcribed in an HMO1-dependent manner. Reporter gene assays indicate that these functional properties are determined by the promoter sequence.
Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of the Membranous Hepatitis C Virus Replication Compartment

ABSTRACT Like all other positive-strand RNA viruses, hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces rearrangements of intracellular membranes that are thought to serve as a scaffold for the assembly of the viral replicase machinery. The most prominent membranous structures present in HCV-infected cells are double-membrane vesicles (DMVs). However, their composition and role in the HCV replication cycle are poorly understood. To gain further insights into the biochemcial properties of HCV-induced membrane alterations, we generated a functional replicon containing a hemagglutinin (HA) affinity tag in nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B), the supposed scaffold protein of the viral replication complex. By using HA-specific affinity purification we isolated NS4B-containing membranes from stable replicon cells. Complementing biochemical and electron microscopy analyses of purified membranes revealed predominantly DMVs, which contained viral proteins NS3 and NS5A as well as enzymatically active viral replicase capable of de novo synthesis of HCV RNA. In addition to viral factors, co-opted cellular proteins, such as vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A (VAP-A) and VAP-B, that are crucial for viral RNA replication, as well as cholesterol, a major structural lipid of detergent-resistant membranes, are highly enriched in DMVs. Here we describe the first isolation and biochemical characterization of HCV-induced DMVs. The results obtained underline their central role in the HCV replication cycle and suggest that DMVs are sites of viral RNA replication. The experimental approach described here is a powerful tool to more precisely define the molecular composition of membranous replication factories induced by other positive-strand RNA viruses, such as picorna-, arteri- and coronaviruses.
Left ventricular mass in diabetes-hypertension.

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to identify whether diabetes mellitus (DM) accelerates the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients. METHODS Cardiac structure, systolic function, and hemodynamics were evaluated by two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with essential hypertension. RESULTS Patients with hypertension with and without DM had the same end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and ejection fraction. Diabetic hypertensive patients had greater interventricular septum (1.32 +/- 0.20 vs 1.07 +/- 0.20 cm) and posterior wall (1.20 +/- 0.20 vs 1.00 +/- 0.10 cm) thickness than did nondiabetic hypertensive patients. Consequently, left ventricular mass index was greater in patients with hypertension and DM than in those without DM (158 +/- 45 vs 113 +/- 20 g/m2). With the use of Devereux criteria for recognition of LVH (left ventricular mass index above 134 g/m2 in men and above 110 g/m2 in women), 72% of the diabetic patients had LVH, whereas only 32% of the nondiabetic patients had LVH. Left ventricular contractility, as reflected by the ratio of end-systolic wall stress to end-systolic volume index, was decreased in diabetic compared with nondiabetic hypertensive patients. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that DM accelerates the development of LVH in patients with essential hypertension independent of arterial pressure and, therefore, may contribute to the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension.
Determination of in Vivo Phosphorylation Sites in Protein Kinase C (*)

The primary structure of rat protein kinase C βII was probed by high pressure liquid chromatography directly coupled to an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer and by high energy collision-induced dissociation analysis to identify in vivo phosphorylation sites. The N-terminal methionine was found to be cleaved post-translationally and replaced with an acetyl group. Four phosphopeptides were identified. Two peptides, Thr500-Lys520 and Glu490-Lys520, are phosphorylated at Thr500 greater than 90%. Peptide His636-Arg649 is phosphorylated about 75% at Thr641. It is the only site that was previously identified during the in vitro autophosphorylation studies (Flint, A. J., Paladini, R. D., and Koshland, D. E., Jr.(1990) Science 249, 408-411). The fourth peptide Asn650-Lys672 is phosphorylated at Thr660. A discussion of the potential implication of these results follows.
Effects of fibrous cap thickness on peak circumferential stress in model atherosclerotic vessels.

It is likely that factors other than stenosis severity predispose some atherosclerotic plaques to rupture. Because focal increases in circumferential stress may be an important mechanism of plaque rupture, we examined peak circumferential stress of atherosclerotic lesions by using finite element analysis based on idealized two-dimensional cross sections of diseased vessels similar to intravascular ultrasound images. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that subintimal plaque structural features such as thickness of the fibrous cap are more important factors in the distribution of stress in the plaque than stenosis severity. The analysis incorporated equilibrium biomechanical parameters from normal and diseased vessels and determined the stress distribution within the plaque at a mean luminal internal pressure of 110 mm Hg. With a constant luminal area reduction of 70%, maximum circumferential stress (sigma max) normalized to luminal pressure (sigma max/P) increased from 6.0 to 24.8 as the thickness of the lipid pool was increased from 38% to 54% of the plaque thickness because of the thinner fibrous cap over the lipid pool. When the lipid pool thickness was constant, increasing the stenosis severity from 70% to 91% by increasing the fibrous cap thickness decreased sigma max/P from 24.8 to 4.7. When no lipid pool was present and the stenosis severity was increased from 70% to 99%, sigma max/P decreased from 5.3 to 4.7. Thus, reducing the fibrous cap thickness dramatically increases peak circumferential stress in the plaque, whereas increasing the stenosis severity actually decreases peak stress in the plaque. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Malignant Hyperthermia in Japan: Mutation Screening of the Entire Ryanodine Receptor Type 1 Gene Coding Region by Direct Sequencing

Background:Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a disorder of calcium homeostasis in skeletal muscle triggered by volatile anesthetics or succinylcholine in susceptible persons. More than 100 mutations in the ryanodine receptor type 1 gene (RYR1) have been associated with MH susceptibility, central core disease, or both. RYR1 mutations may account for up to 70% of MH-susceptible cases. The authors aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of RYR1 mutations in the Japanese MH-susceptible population. Methods:The authors selected 58 unrelated Japanese diagnosed as MH-susceptible for having an enhanced Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release rate from the sarcoplasmic reticulum on chemically skinned muscle fibers. They sequenced the entire RYR1 coding region from genomic DNA. Muscle pathology was also characterized. Results:Seven previously reported and 26 unknown RYR1 potentially pathogenic sequence variations were identified in 33 patients (56.9%). Of these patients, 48% had cores on muscle biopsy. The mutation detection rate was higher in patients with clear enhancement of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release rate (72.4%), whereas all patients with central core disease had RYR1 mutations. Six patients harbored potentially causative compound heterozygous sequence variations. Conclusions:Distribution and frequency of RYR1 mutations differed markedly from those of the North American and European MH-susceptible population. Comprehensive screening of the RYR1 gene is recommended for molecular investigations in MH-susceptible individuals, because many mutations are located outside the “hot spots. ” Based on the observed occurrence of compound heterozygous state, the prevalence of a possibly predisposing phenotype in the Japanese population might be as high as 1 in 2,000 people.
Lymph node metastases: safety and effectiveness of MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles--initial clinical experience.

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and biologic safety of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (AMI-227) as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography and to assess their efficacy for the differentiation of metastatic and benign nodes in patients with urologic and pelvic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adults suspected of having lymph node metastases underwent MR imaging before and 22-26 hours after intravenous infusion of AMI-227 (1.7 mg Fe/kg). Sixty histopathologically proved lymph nodes were analyzed on MR images, and 29 of these nodes were also analyzed quantitatively. RESULTS AMI-227 was well tolerated with no major side effects. It allowed the detection of 10 additional nodes relative to those detected at MR imaging without AMI-227. None of the 27 metastatic nodes showed a decrease in signal intensity (SI) on AMI-227-enhanced images; nine of 27 metastatic nodes showed an increase in SI on T1-weighted images, probably resulting from altered capillary permeability in the tumor. A visually perceptible reduction in SI, indicating active AMI-227 uptake, was observed on postcontrast T2- and T2*-weighted images in 16 of 21 benign nodes. The SI ratio of benign nodes was lower than that of metastatic nodes on T2- and T2*-weighted images. The sensitivity of AMI-227-enhanced MR lymphography was 100%, and the specificity was 80%. CONCLUSION AMI-227 is safe and may facilitate the differentiation of metastatic and benign nodes in patients with urologic and pelvic cancers.