Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving User Decisions about Opening Potentially Dangerous Attachments in Email Clients

To prevent users from opening potentially dangerous attachments, current email clients rely on mechanisms like a ntivirus scanning, spam filtering, junk mail heuristics, and completely disallowing attachments of certain types. Howev er, none of those mechanisms can guarantee complete protection against new or targeted attacks. We propose Context Sensitiv Guidance (CSG), whereby the email client detects that the user is about to open a potentially dangerous attachment, interrogat es the user about the context in which this is happening, and provides guidance on how to proceed. In addition, we propose Context Sensitive Guidance with Accountability (CSG+A), which also informs the user that his or her answers and decisio ns will be recorded, could be audited, and if found unreasonable could result in mandatory training or other penalties. We performed a pilot study to test these techniques. The pilot study achieved results that are encouraging but not statistically significant, and suggests improvements for further study.
Long‐term Management of the Liver Transplant Patient: Recommendations for the Primary Care Doctor

No official document has been published for primary care physicians regarding the management of liver transplant patients. With no official source of reference, primary care physicians often question their care of these patients. The following guidelines have been approved by the American Society of Transplantation and represent the position of the association. The data presented are based on formal review and analysis of published literature in the field and the clinical experience of the authors. These guidelines address drug interactions and side effects of immunosuppressive agents, allograft dysfunction, renal dysfunction, metabolic disorders, preventive medicine, malignancies, disability and productivity in the workforce, issues specific to pregnancy and sexual function, and pediatric patient concerns. These guidelines are intended to provide a bridge between transplant centers and primary care physicians in the long‐term management of the liver transplant patient.
Usage Aware PageRank

Traditional link analysis approaches assume equal weights assigned to different links and pages. In original PageRank formulation, the user model assumes that the user has equal probability to follow each link from a given page, thus the score of a page equally affects all of the pages it points to. It also assumes that the probability for a user to go to a URL directly without following a link is the same for all URLs. In this paper, we investigate different weighting schemes that take into account the probability to go to a page directly (by typing or using bookmarks), as well as the relative probability to follow a link from a given page. Both of these probabilities can be approximated from usage logs if they are available. We introduce a natural extension to the original PageRank formulation that we will call Usage aware PageRank (UPR). The new formulation combines static link structure graph with the usage graph that will be obtained via web logs or other means. It is also quite general; how much emphasis will be given to the graphs is controlled by a parameter. If the parameter is set to zero, the algorithm becomes equivalent to the original PageRank, if it is set to one, the emphasis shifts to the usage graph, and for values in between, both of the graphs will be used with weights specified by the parameter. UPR is also quite inexpensive. After a onetime precalculation step, an iteration of UPR takes about the same time as a PageRank iteration.
Power efficiency of digit level polynomial basis finite field multipliers in GF(2283)

Several digit level finite field multiplier architectures have been proposed in the literature. Some of them are with power estimation with different VLSI technology for different field sizes which makes it difficult to compare their power efficiency. In this paper, we perform VLSI simulation for several existing digit level field multipliers in the same field, GF(2283), and with the same 0. 18μm VLSI technology so that an effective comparison of their power efficiency along with other IC features such as area and critical path delay can be made. Recommendations of the most efficient finite field multiplier are given for the different application constraints. Detailed discussion is provided for power constrained mobile and wireless applications. The comparison results obtained in this paper are expected to be useful for those who design and/or implement elliptic curve cryptography for wireless and portable systems.
Randomized admission policy for efficient top-k and frequency estimation

Network management protocols often require timely and meaningful insight about per flow network traffic. This paper introduces Randomized Admission Policy (RAP) — a novel algorithm for the frequency and top-k estimation problems, which are fundamental in network monitoring. We demonstrate space reductions compared to the alternatives by a factor of up to 32 on real packet traces and up to 128 on heavy-tailed workloads. For top-k identification, RAP exhibits memory savings by a factor of between 4 and 64 depending on the workloads' skewness. These empirical results are backed by formal analysis, indicating the asymptotic space improvement of our probabilistic admission approach. Additionally, we present d-Way RAP, a hardware friendly variant of RAP that empirically maintains its space and accuracy benefits.
Nucleotide sequence of the xth gene of Escherichia coli K-12

The xth gene of Escherichia coli K-12, which encodes exonuclease III, has been sequenced. Exonuclease III from a cloned copy of the E. coli K-12 gene has been purified and characterized. The molecular weight (30,921), the amino-terminal amino acid sequence, and the amino acid composition of the polypeptide predicted from the nucleotide sequence are in excellent agreement with those properties determined for the purified enzyme. The xth promoter was mapped by primer extension of in vivo transcripts. Inspection of the nucleotide sequence reveals that a region of dyad symmetry which could form a hairpin stem-loop structure in RNA characteristic of a rho-dependent terminator lies immediately downstream from the xth gene.
Designing Culturally Sensitive Icons for User Interfaces: An approach for the Interaction Design of smartphones in developing countries

A adesao a dispositivos moveis nos paises em desenvolvimento, particularmente na Africa subsaariana, tem crescido de forma acelerada e constante. Os paises em desenvolvimento sao caracterizados por um numero distinto de utilizadores culturalmente distintos e de diferentes segmentos socioeconomicos. Por consequencia, a diversidade cultural deve ser reconhecida de forma a facilitar o processo de interacao dos utilizadores com o sistema, mas tambem de modo a promover o uso de dispositivos moveis entre novos utilizadores, analfabetos e individuos provenientes de diferentes culturas. Alem disso, solucoes de Information and Communications Technologies direcionados para paises em desenvolvimento sao importantes, e e essencial facilitar o reconhecimento e a interacao dos utilizadores com as interfaces graficas.O estudo teve como objectivo avaliar o nivel de conhecimento dos utilizadores da Africa subsaariana e tentar melhorar o seu reconhecimento atraves de culturally sensitive icons, sendo estes definidos atraves das preferencias de um grupo cultural. Adicionalmente, um repositorio para material cultural foi criado de forma a auxiliar profissionais no desenvolvimento de solucoes centradas no utilizador. Alem do beneficio de poupar espaco no ecra, icones nao requerem leitura e sao imediatamente reconhecidos uma vez que o utilizador se familiariza com a sua representacao, fazendo destes um factor importante na usabilidade de aplicacoes moveis.Os resultados demonstram que a cultura tem um impacto importante no reconhecimento e interpretacao de icones, e profissionais necessitam de estar familiarizados com as representacoes e acoes comuns para o publico alvo. Alem disso, o estudo demonstra as vantagens e desvantagens deste processo, menciona as limitacoes que os profissionais encontram na criacao de solucoes para regioes em desenvolvimento, e o trabalho futuro na area e discutido.
of Camera Calibration

| This paper addresses the problem of the in(cid:13)uence of camera calibration errors on the performances of a control algorithm. More precisely, we examine the e(cid:11)ects of errors in the values of intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters on the stability and the transient behavior of a visual servoing scheme. After having re-called the basic principles of the visual servoing approach, we derive a general form for the interaction matrix associated with a set of image points, which makes all the contributions of camera parameters explicit. We then give brie(cid:13)y some examples of analytical stability results in very simple cases. Since any further theoretical analysis appears extremely di(cid:14)cult, we then present a purely experimental study of the problem. After having given a few conclusions taken from a simulation step, we select and comment some results of the experimental approach based on a robot/camera testbed. We observe an apparently good robustness of the method. General comments on the approach and guidelines for future work are given in the conclusion.
Comprehending Studies on Program Comprehension

Program comprehension is an important aspect of developing and maintaining software, as programmers spend most of their time comprehending source code. Thus, it is the focus of many studies and experiments to evaluate approaches and techniques that aim to improve program comprehension. As the amount of corresponding work increases, the question arises how researchers address program comprehension. To answer this question, we conducted a literature review of papers published at the International Conference on Program Comprehension, the major venue for research on program comprehension. In this article, we i) present preliminary results of the literature review and ii) derive further research directions. The results indicate the necessity for a more detailed analysis of program comprehension and empirical research.
The Westwood Experience: Connecting story to locations via Mixed Reality

The Westwood Experience is a location-based narrative using Mixed Reality effects to connect participants to unique and evocative real locations, bridging the gap between the real and story worlds. This paper describes the experience and a detailed evaluation of it. The experience itself centers around a narrative told by the “mayor” of Westwood. He tells a love story from his youth when he first came to Westwood, and intermixes the story with historical information. Most of this story is told on a mobile computer, using Mixed Reality and video for illustration. We evaluate the experience both quantitatively and qualitatively to find lessons learned about the experience itself and general guidelines for this type of experience. The analysis and guidelines from our evaluation are grouped into three categories: narration in mobile environments, social dynamics, and Mixed Reality effects.
Dissection of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry and its Dopaminergic Modulation

Author(s): Gee, Steven | Advisor(s): Sohal, Vikaas S | Abstract: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is comprised of a network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that are critical for a number of cognitive processes including the ability to make decisions. PFC dysfunction causes deficits in these domains and major aspects of psychiatric disorders. Notably, layer V of the PFC is thought to play an important role in regulating these higher order processes and contains heterogeneous subpopulations of pyramidal neurons with distinct morphologies and projections. Layer V of PFC is also the major site of dopaminergic modulation. However, unlike the striatum, where D1 or D2 receptors are known to differentially express in separate projection subtypes of medium spiny neurons, the distribution of D1 and D2Rs in layer V projection neurons within PFC is unclear. Notably, Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) play major roles in both normal and pathological PFC function. Thus, knowing their expression and effects in layer V neurons can provide helpful insights into important mechanisms that underlie prefrontal activity, and ultimately cognitive function. Chapter 1 of this thesis examines the expression of D1Rs and D2Rs in layer V projection subtypes. We also describe a novel mechanism by which D2R activation can drastically enhance the excitability of a D2R-expressing layer V pyramidal subtype. In Chapter 2, we explore differences in how long range excitation and feedforward inhibition is processed in D2R-expressing and D2R-lacking layer V pyramidal neurons. We propose that these differences might confer these subtypes with separate computational properties important for normal PFC function.
Large-scale phylogenetic analysis on current HPC architectures

Phylogenetic inference is considered a grand challenge in Bioinformatics due to its immense computational requirements. The increasing popularity and availability of large multi-gene alignments as well as comprehensive datasets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in current biological studies, coupled with rapid accumulation of sequence data in general, pose new challenges for high performance computing. By example of RAxML, which is currently among the fastest and most accurate programs for phylogenetic inference under the Maximum Likelihood (ML) criterion, we demonstrate how the phylogenetic ML function can be efficiently scaled to current supercomputer architectures like the IBM BlueGene/L (BG/L) and SGI Altix. This is achieved by simultaneous exploitation of coarse- and fine-grained parallelism which is inherent to every ML-based biological analysis. Performance is assessed using datasets consisting of 270 sequences and 566,470 base pairs (haplotype map dataset), and 2,182 sequences and 51,089 base pairs, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these are the largest datasets analyzed under ML to date. Experimental results indicate that the fine-grained parallelization scales well up to 1,024 processors. Moreover, a larger number of processors can be efficiently exploited by a combination of coarse- and fine-grained parallelism. We also demonstrate that our parallelization scales equally well on an AMD Opteron cluster with a less favorable network latency to processor speed ratio. Finally, we underline the practical relevance of our approach by including a biological discussion of the results from the haplotype map dataset analysis, which revealed novel biological insights via phylogenetic inference.
Dynamic Friction Models and Control Design

In this paper we propose two new dynamic friction models that include most of the relevant properties that friction has been observed to have (Stribeck effect, hysteresis behavior, spring-like characteristics in stiction and stick-slip regime). Properties of these models that are relevant to control design are studied. In particular we analyse the dissipative properties of the models. New control strategies are investigated and stability results are presented.
Ephemeral Feature Presentation of Covert Channels in Network Protocols

- Covert channels leaks information where information travels overlooked. Encryption used to protect the communication from being deciphered by unlawful users. But covert channels hide the presence of communication. Covert channels are serious security intimidation. There are many existing techniques available for development of covert channels by influencing certain fields in the network protocols such as HTTP, IP, TCP, etc. The available packet length based covert channels are having tamper resistance capability but due to abnormal traffic distribution results in recognition possibility. In this paper we present overview of different protocol as well as some packet length based covert channels.
Evolution of operating reserve determination in wind power integration studies

The growth of wind power as an electrical power generation resource has produced great benefits with reductions in emissions and the supply of zero cost fuel. It also has created challenges for the operation of power systems arising from the increased variability and uncertainty it has introduced. A number of studies have been performed over the past decade to analyze the operational impacts that can occur at high penetrations of wind. One of the most crucial impacts is the amount of incremental operating reserves required due to the variability and uncertainty of wind generation. This paper describes different assumptions and methods utilized to calculate the amount of different types of reserves carried, and how these methods have evolved as more studies have been performed.
Role of CYP1B1, MYOC, OPTN and OPTC genes in adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma: predominance of CYP1B1 mutations in Indian patients

Purpose Mutations in the CYP1B1, MYOC, OPTN, and WDR36 genes result in glaucoma. Given its expression in the optic nerve, it is likely a mutation in the OPTC gene is also involved in initiating glaucoma. This study was designed to evaluate the involvement of the CYP1B1, MYOC, OPTN, and OPTC genes in the etiology of adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) found in 251 Indian patients. Methods Blood samples were obtained from individuals for DNA isolation. A combination of polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism, allele-specific PCR, and DNA sequencing techniques were used to detect mutations in four genes. Four microsatellite markers from the CYP1B1 candidate region and three intragenic CYP1B1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine the origin of the most common CYP1B1 mutations. Results Three previously known mutations (Pro193Leu, Glu229Lys, and Arg368His) and one novel (Met292Lys) mutation were found in the CYP1B1 gene. Frequencies of the most common mutations, Glu229Lys and Arg368His, in patients were 5.12% and 3.98%, respectively. The Glu229Lys and Arg368His mutations were also found in normal controls at frequencies of 5% and 2%, respectively, suggesting that these mutations might be polymorphic variants in our population. The absence of allele sharing for D2S177, D2S1346, D2S2974, and D2S2331 markers and three intragenic CYP1B1 SNPs in patients suggested multiple origins for the Glu229Lys and Arg368His variants. Two of 251 (0.8%) patients had the Gln48His mutation in MYOC. There was no difference in the frequency of a MYOC -83G>A promoter polymorphism between patients and controls. A novel OPTN mutation, Thr202Arg, was detected in one of 251 (0.4%) patients. The OPTN variant Met98Lys was detected in similar frequencies in patients and controls. No mutation was detected in OPTC. Taken together, 3.59% (9/251) of our POAG patients had mutations in the CYP1B1, MYOC, and OPTN genes. Conclusions This is the first report to document the involvement of the CYP1B1, MYOC, and OPTN genes in the etiology of POAG in the same set of Indian patients. Our study shows that mutations in these genes are rare in Indian POAG patients.
THE INFLUENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS ON INHIBITION OF AND ATTENTIONAL BIAS TO STIMULI ASSOCIATED WITH DRUGS AMONG HEROIN USERS

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of consciousness on inhibition of and attentional bias to the stimuli associated with drugs among heroin users and their counterparts. Method: In this study, a causal-comparative research method was used. All the persons dependent on opiates in Abhar city constituted the study population. The number of 120 participants containing two 60person groups of heroin users and their counterparts (i.e. non-users) were selected through convenience sampling method. The two groups had been matched for age and sex and were compared through conducting the two neurological tests, namely Dot Probe and Stroop tests. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups on Dot Probe test where the normal group outperformed the other one. In Stroop test, drug stimuli whether provided consciously or unconsciously are identified; then, drug users show bias towards them. Conclusion: Given the devastating effects of addiction on cognitive ability, cognitive problems should be considered in treating patients.
Molecular Approaches to the Role of the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract: The microbiota plays a crucial role in experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease, but the exact mechanisms of its effects are unknown. These studies took two molecular approaches to this question. The first used amplification of the 16s ribosomal DNA to define microbial diversity in the colon. Although there were differences in colitic and non‐colitic mice, we could not determine whether this was primary or secondary to the disease. The second approach used serologic expression cloning to identify the microbial proteins stimulating the pathogenic immune response. Previously unknown microbial flagellins were the dominant cluster of antigens identified. About half of the sera from patients with Crohn's disease have IgG antibodies to these flagellins.
“How” and “Why” prompts in forensic investigative interviews with preschool children

ABSTRACT Although young children may frequently be asked “How” and “Why” questions, it is unclear whether they have the ability to respond well enough to justify the use of these words during investigative interviews. The range of possible uses and interpretations of the words “How” and “Why” makes it critical to examine their use when communicatively immature children are interviewed. In this study, police interviews of 3- to 5-year-old suspected victims of sexual abuse (n = 49) were examined. The use of How/Why prompts by interviewers and children’s responses to interviewers’ How/Why prompts were coded. How/Why prompts represented 22% of all interviewer prompts. Of all details provided by children, however, 8.5% were in response to How/Why prompts. In addition, children provided the information sought in response to only 20% of the interviewers’ How/Why prompts, whereas uninformative responses were relatively common. Children responded to more How/Why prompts with the information sought by interviewers as they grew older. The findings suggest that How/Why prompts may not be particularly effective when interviewing preschool children.
Mapping (USPTO) Patent Data using Overlays to Google Maps

A technique is developed using patent information available online (at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office) for the generation of Google Maps. The overlays indicate both the quantity and the quality of patents at the city level. This information is relevant for research questions in technology analysis, innovation studies, and evolutionary economics, as well as economic geography. The resulting maps can also be relevant for technological innovation policies and research and development management, because the U.S. market can be considered the leading market for patenting and patent competition. In addition to the maps, the routines provide quantitative data about the patents for statistical analysis. The cities on the map are colored according to the results of significance tests. The overlays are explored for the Netherlands as a “national system of innovations” and further elaborated in two cases of emerging technologies: ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) and nanotechnology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.