Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gallager codes for multiple user applications

We study the performance limits of a multiple access system based on the Gallager codes. We show that we can bypass the spreading sequences in a multiple access system. The algebraic orthogonality is replaced by a statistical orthogonality provided by the randomness of the Gallager codes. The performance of our system are close to the optimum achievable bound.
Nutritional labelling of food products purchased from online retail outlets: screening of compliance with European Union tolerance limits by near infrared spectroscopy

Nutritional information provided on food labels can impact healthy dietary decisions of consumers. The accuracy of the information provided is of paramount importance to guide consumers’ food choices and prevent food-related chronic diseases. The present study aimed to verify the veracity of nutritional labels of 103 food products purchased online through well-known e-commerce websites (80 processed and 23 unprocessed items) using near infrared spectroscopy. Among processed food products, surprisingly, 28 food products out of 80 (35%) did not bear nutritional labels. Considering the European tolerances for nutrient values declared on a label, the comparison of experimental values with those reported on the labels showed that more than 74% of the values declared on the label were congruent with the NIR experimental data, whereas 7.5% of the label values were non-compliant with the tolerance limits, and about 11.3% were slightly outside the tolerance limits. Note that 6.6% of the values indicated in the labels did not abide the regulation at all. Finally, 35.8% of the samples showed at least one value outside the tolerance limits. The current study demonstrated the capability of NIR spectroscopy for monitoring the compliance of nutritional labels with EU tolerance limits and guiding the choice of reference methods for further confirmation purposes. Graphical Abstract
Steel Strip Defect Detection Based on Human Visual Attention Mechanism Model

According to the characteristics of steel strip, This paper propose the strip defect detection algorithm which is based on visual attention mechanism. First, extract the input image color, brightness and orientation characteristics and form simple feature map; secondly, prognosis on the features, get defective attention region by threshold segmentation to color characteristics of colored defect image. The wavelet decomposition to colorless defect image of brightness and direction features will form the multi-feature subgraph; then construct feature difference molecular graph through the feature decomposition map around central difference operations, and the characteristic difference of molecular graph is formed by the fusion of feature saliency map; finally, defect targets by using local threshold method and region growing segmentation. The experimental results show that this method can rapidly and accurately detect the defects of the strip image, at the same time it can improve the efficiency of detection.
Effects of Anchor Item Methods on the Detection of Differential Item Functioning Within the Family of Rasch Models

Scale indeterminacy in analysis of differential item functioning (DIF) within the framework of item response theory can be resolved by imposing 3 anchor item methods: the equal-mean-difficulty method, the all-other anchor item method, and the constant anchor item method. In this article, applicability and limitations of these 3 methods are discussed and their performances of DIF detection are compared using Monte Carlo simulations within the family of Rasch models (Rasch, 1960). The results show that when the test contained multiple DIF items, only when the difference in the mean item difficulties between the reference and focal groups approached zero did the equal-mean-difficulty method and the all-other method function appropriately. In contrast, the constant method yielded unbiased parameter estimates, well-controlled Type I error, and high power of DIF detection, regardless of large differences in the mean item difficulties between groups and high percentages of DIF items in the tests. In addition, the more anchor items in the constant method, the higher the power of detecting DIF. Therefore, the constant anchor item method is recommended when conducting DIF analysis. Methods of locating anchor items for implementing the constant method are also discussed.
Regenerative medicine for the treatment of chronic low back pain: a narrative review

Low back pain (LBP) is a common and important clinical problem. In addition to pain, patients are also affected by personal, social, and economic burdens. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause of LBP, further increasing the patient’s morbidity and medical costs. The limitations of current treatment strategies for long-term pain relief mean that increasing attention has been paid to regenerative medicine. We carried out a narrative review to explore the roles of four types of regenerative medicine for treating LBP: marrow-derived stem cells, growth factors, platelet-rich plasma, and prolotherapy. Marrow-derived stem cells are regarded as an ideal cell source for IVD regeneration. Growth factors may stimulate the synthesis of extracellular matrix and attenuate or reverse the degenerative process in IVD, while platelet-rich plasma, which contains multiple growth factors, is thought to be a promising alternative therapy for IVD degeneration. Prolotherapy can initiate the body’s inflammatory healing response to repair injured joints and connective tissues. This review summarizes the mechanisms, in vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical applications of these four types of regenerative medicine in patients with LBP.
Digital Image Correlation for Measuring Full-Field Residual Stresses in Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Components

This study aims to demonstrate the capability of the digital image correlation (DIC) technique for evaluating full-field residual stresses in wire and arc additive manufactured (WAAM) components. Investigations were carried out on WAAM steel parts (wall deposited on a substrate) with two different wall heights: 24 mm and 48 mm. Mild steel solid wire AWS ER70S-6 was used to print WAAM walls on substrates that were rigidly clamped to H-profiles. DIC was used to monitor the bending deformation of WAAM parts during unclamping from the H-profiles, and residual stresses were calculated from the strain field captured during unclamping. Residual stresses determined from the proposed DIC-based method were verified with an analytical model and validated by the results from established residual stress measurement techniques, i.e., the contour method and X-ray diffraction.
Designing Mobile Health Applications to Support Walking for Older Adults

Physical activity is extremely important at an older age and has major benefits. There is a range of applications that help maintain physical activity. However, their adoption among older adults is still limited. The purpose of the study is to explore the key aspects of the design of mobile applications that support walking for older adults. We conducted a field study with older adults, aged 69–79 years, using a technology probe (a mobile application developed as an early prototype) with the purpose of eliciting requirements for mobile health applications. We interviewed the participants during and after the study period, asking them about their motivation for walking, usage of the application, and overall preferences when using such technologies. The findings suggest that mobile applications that support walking should address a range of walking variables, support a long-term learning process, and enable the user to take control and responsibility for the walk. In addition, we provide design guidelines concerning the motivation for walking and the data visualization that would make technology adoption easier. The findings from this study can be used to inform the design of more usable products for older users.
Research on the Digital Transformation of Producer Services to Drive Manufacturing Technology Innovation

The digital transformation of producer services contributes to the development of manufacturing technology innovation through an intermediary role, providing an important policy basis for the effective implementation of China’s innovation-driven development strategy and digital transformation. In this study, we selected panel data collected from 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China from 2013 to 2020 and applied a spatial Durbin model that included mediating effects to examine the mediating transmission paths of the effect of the digital transformation of producer services on manufacturing technology innovation. Our results showed that: (i) The digital transformation of producer services positively affects local manufacturing technology innovation and generates positive spatial spillover effects on neighboring regions. (ii) The digital transformation of producer services affects manufacturing technology innovation through three paths, including industrial productivity, knowledge stock, and the market environment. The direct effect of industrial productivity is the largest, followed by the market environment and knowledge stock, while the spillover effect of knowledge stock is the largest, followed by market environment and industrial productivity. (iii) There is regional heterogeneity in the mediating effect of the digital transformation of producer services, with the direct effect of industrial productivity being the largest in the east and the spillover effect of the market environment being the largest in the central region.
Optimization of Taxiway of Aircraft in Taoyuan International Airport (TPE) of Taiwan

Recently, the clog in transportation is expected to get worse because of a new stage pandemic. It is expected that flights will be a tremendously increase in after the resuming. As a result, for improving efficiency of the airport and reducing the loss of delays in cost was bear in the author’s mind. Python is used in which software to indicate program code and calculated the optimized taxiways with Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. The database was created to facilitate calculation and layout of the optimized taxiway. In addition, an operational interface, which is for Air Traffic Control (ATC) to operate intuitively and give cleaver instructions, is made. Through the study can alleviate ATC workload and increase efficiency simultaneously. The data in this paper is based on the Taoyuan International Airport (TPE) of Taiwan for research.
Centering Historical Oppression in Prevention Research with Indigenous Peoples: Differentiating Substance Use, Mental Health, Family, and Community Outcomes

Abstract The purpose of this pilot study was to understand how historical oppression relates to changes in outcomes for people who participate in the culturally grounded Weaving Healthy Families (WHF) program (i.e., alcohol and drug use, symptoms of anxiety, parenting practices, and communal mastery [CM]). This nonexperimental and longitudinal design used repeated measures regression analysis and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine postintervention changes according to reported levels of historical oppression among 24 participants in eight families. How do postintervention changes differ for WHF participants reporting lower and higher levels of historical oppression? Results indicated that participants reporting lower historic oppression reported greater postintervention improvements as indicated by declines in alcohol use, anxiety, and poor parental monitoring. All participants reported increases in CM, regardless of the level of historical oppression. Given historical oppression drives psychosocial conditions, such as substance abuse, mental health, and family challenges, settler colonial oppression must be addressed within social service interventions. Social service providers must work redress historical oppression rather than replicate them. The WHF program holds promise to center structural determinants in social service programs. Future inquiries assessing longitudinal changes in perceptions of historical oppression change and how they are associated with psychosocial outcomes are needed.
A High-Isolation SPDT T/R switch in 0.18-μm CMOS for Wi-Fi 7 Applications

There is an RF switch with a single-pole and double-throw (SPDT) function, which adopted a process of 0.18 μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). The proposed design has an operating frequency between 2.4 to 7.125 GHz that is suitable for Wi-Fi7 band wireless local area network applications. Furthermore, the structure of body floating and stacking techniques are designed in the proposed switch device that mainly lets’s improve and keep the highpower characteristic and good isolation performance with transmit (Tx) and Receiving (Rx) ports. Therefore, the Tx and Rx paths are perfectly divided to connect the antenna port. The RF SPDT T/R switch device is controlled the operating voltage of l.SV and OV. The measurement result obtained the insertion loss of 2.915 dB for Tx status and 2.294 dB for Rx status, the return loss of 13.589 dB for Tx status and 12.897 dB for Rx status, and the isolation performance of 30.021dB for Tx status and 29. 572dB for Rx status at the operation frequency of 2.4 GHz condition. In addition, the operation frequency of 7.125 GHz is measured the insertion loss with 4.028 dB for Tx status and 3.391 dB for Rx status, the return loss with 12.772 dB for Tx status and 11.099 dB for Rx status, and the isolation performance with 22. 143dB for Tx status and 21.311dB for Rx status. The proposed design is with a die area of 545 μm×705μm with test pads and 315 μm×540μm without test pads.
Dynamic study of multi-peak solitons and other wave solutions of new coupled KdV and new coupled Zakharov–Kuznetsov systems with their stability

In this paper, our aim is to further expand the use of the two-variable -expansion approach to a new coupled KdV and Z-K system, which has various significant applications in different fields of applied sciences. The KdV equation, along with shallow-water waves and long internal waves in oceans, basically explains how long, one-dimensional waves propagate in a variety of physical conditions. The study of coastal waves on the basis of the ocean is done using the Zakharov–Kuznetsov (Z-K) equation and this model is utilized to illustrate ion-acoustic wave propagation. By using this method, different forms of analytical solutions of the new coupled KdV (NCKdV) system and the new coupled Z-K (NCZ-K) system, such as solitons, multi-peak solitons, solitary waves, trigonometric, hyperbolic and rational functions and other wave solutions are constructed. The significant features of multi-peak solitons induced by the higher-order effects, including velocity variations, localization or periodicity attenuation and state transitions, are revealed. When the localization disappears then the multi-peak soliton becomes a periodic wave. The constructed solutions are also presented graphically having their applications in engineering, etc. The stability of the solution is examined by utilizing modulation instability. The results obtained show that the proposed technique is universal and efficient. In addition, this technique can also be applied to lots of other new coupled systems arising in other areas of applied sciences.
Exact and approximate probing of sea-bottom

Investigated are two methods for the reconstruction of the acoustic profiles of a plane-stratified structure that model the ocean floor (sediment/subbottom) from reflected fields. The first method is based on a geometrical acoustics approximation. The acoustical parameters of an absorbing layered medium (fluid-solid) are retrieved from the plane-wave reflection coefficients obtained at several incidences and frequencies. Numerical simulations are carried out for two typical configurations; one with high contrasts of parameters and the other with lower contrasts. The second method has initially been developed by S. Coen (1981) for lossless fluid media. The continuous inverse-scattering problem is transferred into the quantum-mechanics domain and solved by a Gel'fand-Levitan technique. Interesting results are obtained for various lossy fluid media and noisy data. <<ETX>>
Fault detection for a class of networked control systems with finite-frequency servo inputs and random packet dropouts

This study is concerned with the fault detection (FD) problem for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with finite-frequency servo inputs and random packet dropouts. Considering the sensor stuck faults, the NCSs are firstly modelled as multi-models with a stochastic parameter. The notion of finite-frequency stochastic H− index is subsequently introduced to measure the sensitivity of the residuals, and sufficient conditions guaranteeing the stochastic system to be with such performances are derived. Then with the aid of these conditions, a novel FD scheme is developed such that it is valid for the possible packet dropouts and all admissible sensor faults. In addition, new convex conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be reduced to some previous results, are presented to cope with this FD problem. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the method and its effectiveness.
Minimal surfaces in $4$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds of constant curvature

§ 1. Preliminaries. Let M = M\c] be a 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold of constant curvature c and M=M be a 2-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold immersed in M with the induced Riemannian structure through an immersion x: M-+M. Let F(M) and F(M) be the orthonormal frame bundles over M and M respectively. We denote by Fv the bundle of normal frames. Let B be the set of_ all element b=^(p,el,e^e^e^) such that (p)elle2)^F(M) and (p, βi, e2, β8, e4)€F(M), identifying pzM with x(p) and et with dx(et\ i=l,2. Then B is naturally considered as a smooth submanifold of F(M). Let ωA,
Surface modifications of aluminium and aluminium oxide induced by a treatment with a He-plasma jet and plasma electrolytic oxidation

Erosion of an aluminium oxide surface as well as a formation of an aluminium oxide coating on an aluminium substrate, comparable with erosion and oxide formation induced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), can be caused at atmospheric pressure conditions by a DBD-like (dielectric barrier discharge) plasma jet. Obtained experimental results conform a previously assumed similarity of the erosion mechanisms induced by the atmospheric pressure DBD-like plasma jet and PEO microdischarges. The mechanism of a predominantly inward growth of the oxide layer during PEO processing is substantiated based on a comparison of aluminium oxide erosion and oxide layer deposition by a treatment with the considered He-plasma jet and a PEO process.
Damage imaging of a U-shaped boom using improved periodic permanent magnet electromagnetic acoustic transducers

ABSTRACT In this research, to solve the problem of the ultrasonic guided wave inspection of a U-shaped boom, an improved periodic permanent magnet electromagnetic acoustic transducer (PPM EMAT) is proposed for defect detection for a U-shaped boom. The acoustic field distribution range of a traditional PPM EMAT is approximately ±20°, and the energy distribution is relatively concentrated. By adjusting the tilt angle between adjacent magnets and coils of a traditional PPM EMAT, an improved PPM EMAT is proposed. The acoustic field distribution range of the improved PPM EMAT is approximately ±30°, and the energy distribution in this range is relatively uniform. The simulation and experimental results show that the improved PPM EMAT has superior frequency response characteristics and acoustic field directivity, which is suitable for detecting large and complex structures. Furthermore, based on the traditional PPM EMAT and the improved PPM EMAT array, combined with the reconstruction algorithm for the probabilistic inspection of damage (RAPID), the damage locations of the double-hole defects of a U-shaped boom are studied. It is shown that the imaging results for defect location using the improved PPM EMATs are better than those found using the traditional PPM EMATs.
State‐constrained optimization for identification of small inclusions

The inverse problem of identification of small geometric objects (defects, inclusions) of unknown topological properties is under the investigation. This problem is treated within the state‐constrained optimization framework. Using topological sensitivity analysis and methods of singular perturbations, a proper approximation by the asymptotic model is justified rigorously. The underlying parametric optimization problem is solved semi‐analytically by a variational calculus. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asymptotic expansion of a Sommerfeld integral

An asymptotic form is given for the Sommerfeld integral governing the electric surface field behaviour when a vertical electric dipole is located near the interface of a plane-earth model. It is shown that the expression assumes the accepted form for the case of high electric conductivities, while becoming the exact result when the earth refractive index is unity.
Improved Biometric Recognition and Identification of Human Iris Patterns Using Neural Networks

A biometric system provides automatic identification of an individual based on a unique feature or characteristic possessed by the individual. Iris recognition is regarded as the most reliable and accurate biometric identification system available. An approach for accurate Biometric Recognition and Identification of Human Iris Patterns using Neural Network has been illustrated by gopikrishnan et. al. It has been concluded by Yingzi Du et. al that the partial iris portion of the iris pattern describes the uniqueness and the pupil has no direct effect on the accuracy of the biometric recognition. In this paper the Iris recognition has been carried out employing a template of size 10 × 480 pixels instead of 20 × 480 pixels as employed in the earlier paper. The results of the two sizes of the templates have been compared and it has been observed that the accuracy of the results obtained with the limited template size is comparable with that of the one with the full size. The reason for this is also discussed in this paper. The improved methodology suggested has resulted in the reduction of the space requirement as well as time complexity with no loss in accuracy. This paper also provides results of iris recognition performed applying Hamming distance, Feed forward back propagation, Cascade forward back propagation, Elman forward back propagation and perceptron. It has been established that the method suggested applying perceptron provides the best accuracy in respect of iris recognition with no major additional computational complexity.
Real-Time Modelling and Controlling of Boost Converter Using Supervised Learning

The paper proposes a methodology based on a supervised machine learning technique to model boost converter. Instead of mathematical modelling, data-driven modelling has been done. The input voltage, output voltage, time, reference and error data has been collected using MATLAB Simulink model. The supervised machine learning modelling has been done using support vector machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithm. The model with better accuracy has been used to predict the PI value as per reference and error to operate DC-DC-converter. The model has been analysed using confusion matrix, parallel co-ordinates plots, receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve and scattering plot. The accuracy of data-driven modelling has been compared with mathematical modelling. The proposed algorithm has been tested on hardware proto type where data has been collected using KG045 voltage sensor and ACS712 current sensor.