Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing optimized CO emission estimates using MOPITT or NOAA surface network observations

This paper compares two global inversions to estimate carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for 2004. Either surface flask observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) Global Monitoring Division (GMD) or CO total columns from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument are assimilated in a 4D-Var framework. Inferred emission estimates from the two inversions are consistent over the Northern Hemisphere (NH). For example, both inversions increase anthropogenic CO emissions over Europe (from 46 to 94 Tg CO/yr) and Asia (from 222 to 420 Tg CO/yr). In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), three important findings are reported. First, due to their different vertical sensitivity, the stations-only inversion increases SH biomass burning emissions by 108 Tg CO/yr more than the MOPITT-only inversion. Conversely, the MOPITT-only inversion results in SH natural emissions (mainly CO from oxidation of NMVOCs) that are 185 Tg CO/yr higher compared to the stations-only inversion. Second, MOPITT-only derived biomass burning emissions are reduced with respect to the prior which is in contrast to previous (inverse) modeling studies. Finally, MOPITT derived total emissions are significantly higher for South America and Africa compared to the stations-only inversion. This is likely due to a positive bias in the MOPITT V4 product. This bias is also apparent from validation with surface stations and ground-truth FTIR columns. Our results show that a combined inversion is promising in the NH. However, implementation of a satellite bias correction scheme is essential to combine both observational data sets in the SH.
Preparing sampling-based motion planning for manufacturers of micro-optical components

Today, laser manufacturers investigate and invest in automated assembly approaches in order to meet the high demands on flexibility, autonomy and efficiency and to counter competitive pressure. In the project “DeLas”, a consortium of manufacturers of micro-optical components and manufacturers of assembly equipment for micro-optical components came together with researchers in automation and robotics for transferring state-of-the-art methods in their academic fields to industrial assembly scenarios. Due to a surprising lack of automation and accompanying model- and simulation-based toolchains in this industrial sector so far, automation in micro-optical assembly strongly and newly benefits from tools well-established in other sectors, such as 3d simulation, visual programming and motion planning. At the Institute for Man-Machine Interaction (MMI), our role in ”DeLas” was to develop a 3d simulation-based IDE (”Integrated Development Environment”) for process development. The IDE aims at enabling laser experts and optics experts to develop assembly processes without prior background in programming robots. In our contribution, we first describe characteristic problems and approaches in micro-optical assembly, with a glance at process development and hardware setups. We then concentrate on the selection and preparation of the ”Open Motion Planning Library” [OMPL] to provide motion planning strategies for the IDE This contribution summarizes previous work, focussing on the transfer of methods from robotics research to industrial applications.
Maximum Lifetime Routing in Wireless Sensor Network by Minimizing Various Chemical Limitations of a Practical Battery

The phenomenon due to which the practical capacity of a battery decreases with increase in current is known as Rate Capacity Effect. If the battery is allowed to take rest in between the sustained draining of current, it regenerates some of the charge capacity. This is known as charge recovery effect. There are literatures available, which proposes to minimize these effects with proper traffic shaping, pulse shaping and burst shaping at physical layer. However to the best of our knowledge these effects of a realistic battery model have never been considered while designing a routing protocol i.e. at network layer. Thus practically a battery gives a lifetime that is very less in comparison to what is theoretically estimated. We are presenting here a routing protocol which minimizes rate capacity effect and exploit the charge recovery effect of a practical battery which is being used in sensor nodes to give maximum lifetime of the route discovered. Thus our routing protocols enhance the lifetime of the route at network layer which is in addition to the improvement done at physical layer.
Idempotency in Optimality Theory 1

An idempotent phonological grammar maps phonotactically licit forms faithfully to themselves. This paper establishes tight sufficient conditions for idempotency in (classical) Optimality Theory. Building on Tesar (2013), these conditions are derived in two steps. First, idempotency is shown to follow from a general formal condition on the faithfulness constraints. Second, this condition is shown to hold for a variety of faithfulness constraints which naturally arise within McCarthy & Prince’s (1995) Correspondence Theory of faithfulness. This formal analysis provides an exhaustive toolkit for modeling chain shifts, which have proven recalcitrant to a constraint-based treatment.
An Empirical Investigation into Function Approximation with Reinforcement Learning

In the reinforcement learning framework, standard, table-based look-up methods for value functions converge to the optimal solution, yet unfortunately these methods are intractable for complex real-world control problems. A common approach to overcome this problem are so-called function approximation techniques that generalise over their input spaces. In this paper we study the capabilities of two machine learning frameworks, the neural network and the self-organising map, in the light of their expressiveness as function approximators. Our study is based on two complex control problems and has a strong focus on the empirical evaluation of the approximation methods. In particular, we report very mixed results where neither of the machine learning approaches is convincing in a general sense.
Linchamentos virtuais: ensaio sobre o desentendimento humano na internet

Este artigo baseia-se na observacao sistematica de polemicas publicas nas midias sociais sobre conflitos ou praticas violentas nas redes sociais, denominados “linchamentos virtuais”. Parto da descricao de um desses eventos, ocorrido em maio deste ano (2017), para, a partir dai, refletir sobre alguns elementos presentes em sua configuracao, como a analogia com os linchamentos, a destruicao de reputacoes, o odio e a desconfianca. Para isso, apelo a nocoes como “audiencias invisiveis” e hiperconectividade das redes sociais, a fim de destacar as especificidades de suas dinâmicas interativas e fornecer um contexto que possa esclarecer as razoes da percepcao aparentemente generalizada, na propria internet, de sua disseminacao e intensificacao. Por fim, ensaio brevemente distinguir entre formas diversas de conflitos/agressoes on-line, conforme a uma classificacao que distingue linchamentos virtuais de discurso de odio, de acordo com seus modos de operacao e finalidades.
Identifying interesting SNP interactions with logicFS

This package contains functions that use logic regression as a wrapper to identify interesting combinations of binary variables and to measure the importance of these interactions. A description of the used methods is given in Schwender and Ickstadt (2006). Even though the intended purpose of this package is the identification of SNP interactions, it can also be applied to other types of binary (or categorical) data.
Ventral Striatal Neurons Encode the Value of the Chosen Action in Rats Deciding between Differently Delayed or Sized Rewards

The ventral striatum (VS) is thought to serve as a gateway whereby associative information from the amygdala and prefrontal regions can influence motor output to guide behavior. If VS mediates this “limbic–motor” interface, then one might expect neural correlates in VS to reflect this information. Specifically, neural activity should reflect the integration of motivational value with subsequent behavior. To test this prediction, we recorded from single units in VS while rats performed a choice task in which different odor cues indicated that reward was available on the left or on the right. The value of reward associated with a left or rightward movement was manipulated in separate blocks of trials by either varying the delay preceding reward delivery or by changing reward size. Rats' behavior was influenced by the value of the expected reward and the response required to obtain it, and activity in the majority of cue-responsive VS neurons reflected the integration of these two variables. Unlike similar cue-evoked activity reported previously in dopamine neurons, these correlates were only observed if the directional response was subsequently executed. Furthermore, activity was correlated with the speed at which the rats' executed the response. These results are consistent with the notion that VS serves to integrate information about the value of an expected reward with motor output during decision making.
Revealed Conflicting Preferences: Rationalizing Choice with Multi-Self Models

We model a DM as a collection of utility functions (selves, rationales) and an aggregation rule (a theory of how selves are activated by choice sets) on which we impose five simple axioms of social choice. This framework encompasses many multi-self models proposed in the existing literature. For a broad class of aggregators we show that with suciently many selves the resulting model can rationalize any choice function. We define an accounting procedure for IIA violations and show that for any fixed number of selves, a lower bound on the set of choice functions that these aggregators can rationalize is given by the set of choice functions that exhibit no more IIA violations than a certain linear function of the number of selves.
Sectors: Divide & Conquer and Softwarization in the Design and Validation of the Stratix® 10 FPGA

The Stratix 10 project started with aggressive performance, size, and feature goals, all to be met on a lean schedule. Meeting these performance goals led to a restructuring of the entire configurable clock system into a regular gridded network, which subdivided the device into a composable system of "sectors". Sectors aligned with the needs of the project schedule, since they allowed complexity -- of specification, design, and validation -- to be addressed through "divide and conquer". Similarly, the customary "out-of-band" FPGA management functions including initialization, configuration, test, redundancy, scrubbing, and so on, were reconstituted to run on a collection of per-sector and supervisory processors interconnected by a NoC, whose distributed software would replace centralized tightly coupled finite state machines. This softwarization and parallelization reduced risk, increased flexibility, and increased data bandwidth. During development, parallel teams separately exercised each sector type and its local processor software via the sector's clock and NoC ports, accelerating validation on design databases two orders of magnitude smaller compared to previous methodologies. Even complex features can be added by including new NoC packet types and software rather than painfully adding wires to a rigid floor-plan.
An improved vulnerability index of complex networks based on fractal dimension

AbstractWith an increasing emphasis on network security, much more attention hasbeen attracted to the vulnerability of complex networks. The multi-scaleevaluation of vulnerability is widely used since it makes use of combinedpowers of the links’ betweenness and has an eﬀective evaluation to vulner-ability. However, how to determine the coeﬃcient in existing multi-scaleevaluation model to measure the vulnerability of diﬀerent networks is still anopen issue. In this paper, an improved model based on the fractal dimensionof complex networks is proposed to obtain a more reasonable evaluation ofvulnerability with more physical signiﬁcance. Not only the structure andbasic physical properties of networks is characterized, but also the coveringability of networks, which is related to the vulnerability of the network, istaken into consideration in our proposed method. The numerical examples 1 Corresponding author: Yong Deng, School of Computer and Information Science,Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. Email address: ydeng@swu.edu. cn;prof.deng@hotmail.comPreprintsubmittedtoSafetyScience June5,2014
Visual appearance of display ads and its effect on click through rate

One of the most important categories of online advertising is display advertising which provides publishers with significant revenue. Similar to other categories, the main goal in display advertising is to maximize user response rate for advertising campaigns, such as click through rates (CTR) or conversion rates. Previous studies have tried to optimize these parameters using objectives such as behavioral targeting. However, there is no published work so far to address the effect of the visual appearance of ads (creatives) on user response rate via a systematic data-driven approach. In this paper, we quantitatively study the relationship between the visual appearance and performance of creatives using large scale data in the world's largest display ads exchange system, RightMedia. We designed a set of 43 visual features, some of which are novel and others are inspired by related work. We extracted these features from real creatives served on RightMedia. We also designed and conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of visual features for CTR prediction, ranking and performance classification. Based on the evaluation results, we selected a subset of features that have the highest impact on CTR. We believe that the findings presented in this paper will be very useful for the online advertising industry in designing high-performance creatives. It also provides the research community with the first ever data set, initial insights into visual appearance's effect on user response propensity, and evaluation benchmarks for further study.
A geo-temporal Web gazetteer integrating data from multiple sources

This paper presents a geo-temporal gazetteer Web service that provides access to names of places and historical periods, together with the associated geo-temporal information. Within the DIGMAP project, this gazetteer serves as the unified repository of geographic and temporal information, assisting in the mining of geo-temporal expressions over text, as well as in resource searching and indexing. We describe the data integration methodology and some of the applications that use the gazetteer. Initial evaluation results show that the proposed system can adequately support several tasks related to geo-temporal information extraction and retrieval.
MOOC : Assister les enseignants dans l'intégration des ressorts de motivation dans les scénarios pédagogiques

Avec le mouvement MOOC, les acteurs de l’education s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’une dynamique de renouvellement pedagogique. Cette dynamique presente differents avantages tels que : la massivite des apprenants, l’ouverture a tous, l’accessibilite, l’economie d’echelle, etc. Elle souleve cependant des questions liees notamment a la problematique de l’abandon. Pour y remedier, une piste prometteuse reside dans le soutien a la motivation et a l’engagement des apprenants. Le but de cette communication est d'examiner du point de vue de la litterature, la question de l’abandon et les solutions possibles. Nous proposons egalement nos propres reflexions au fur et a mesure de notre demarche.
Inference in Curved Exponential Family Models for Networks

Network data arise in a wide variety of applications. Although descriptive statistics for networks abound in the literature, the science of fitting statistical models to complex network data is still in its infancy. The models considered in this article are based on exponential families; therefore, we refer to them as exponential random graph models (ERGMs). Although ERGMs are easy to postulate, maximum likelihood estimation of parameters in these models is very difficult. In this article, we first review the method of maximum likelihood estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo in the context of fitting linear ERGMs. We then extend this methodology to the situation where the model comes from a curved exponential family. The curved exponential family methodology is applied to new specifications of ERGMs, proposed in an earlier article, having nonlinear parameters to represent structural properties of networks such as transitivity and heterogeneity of degrees. We review the difficult topic of implementing likelihood ratio tests for these models, then apply all these model-fitting and testing techniques to the estimation of linear and nonlinear parameters for a collaboration network between partners in a New England law firm.
Study on Weaving Process at Software Architectural level

The aspect-oriented software architectural weaving mechanism, to integrate aspectual components that encapsulate crosscutting behaviors and features into components and connectors constituting software architecture (SA), contributes to analyze and verify overall behaviors and quality attributes of SA. This paper proposes a new kind of weaving process and rules, which offer the measure to transform the unwoven SA model into the woven SA model. The unwoven SA model is described in a special aspect-oriented architecture description language, called AC2-ADL, and specifies the locations, times and constrains of injection. Then a woven SA model only containing components and connectors is acquired after weaving, and easier to analyze and verify.
“Economic Crisis and Poaching: Advice on Anti-Poaching Management from The Galician Shellfish Sector”

ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to prove the significant relationship between the economic crisis and the increase of the shellfish poaching in Galicia (NW Spain) during the period 2008–2012. A relationship was observed between the “necessity” causes and the economic incentives as an explanation for shellfish poaching. The results achieved pointing out the importance to complete the coercive dissuasive methods in the fight against poaching using informal management mechanisms implemented in Galician shellfish communities, especially in co-managed contexts in which unemployment and necessity processes are identified.
Technology backgrounder : Immersion Lithography 1

The growth of the semiconductor industry is driven by Moore’s law: “The complexity for minimum component cost has increased at a rate of roughly a factor of two per year” [1]. Notice that Moore observed that not only was the number of components doubling yearly, but was doing so at minimum cost. One of the main factors driving the improvements in complexity and cost of ICs, is improvements in photolithography and the resulting ability to print ever smaller features. Recently optical lithography, the backbone of the industry for 45 years has been pushing up against a number of physical barriers that have led to massive investments in development of alternate techniques such as Scalpel, Extreme Ultraviolet and others. Since the mid eighties, the demise of optical lithography has been predicted as being only a few years away, but each time optical lithography approaches a limit, some new technique pushes out the useful life of the technology. The recent interest in immersion lithography offers the potential for optical lithography to be given a reprieve to beyond the end of the decade.
Guidelines for the use of controlled substances in the management of chronic pain.

Controlled substance abuse has increased at an alarming rate. However, available evidence suggests a wide variance in the use of controlled substances, as documented by different medical specialties, medical boards, advocacy groups, and the Drug Enforcement Administration. The primary objective of controlled substance guidelines by American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) is to provide guidance for the use of controlled substances for the treatment of chronic pain. It is anticipated that these practical guidelines will improve quality of care, patient access, and quality of life. Additional benefits include improved treatment efficiency and efficacy, and cost containment by improving the risk-benefit ratio of treating patients with chronic pain. Further goals of this manuscript are to bring consistency in opioid philosophy among the many diverse groups involved, to improve the treatment of chronic pain patients with medically appropriate controlled substances, and to reduce the incidence of drug diversion. These guidelines also reinforce the need for systematic evaluation and ongoing care of patients with chronic or persistent pain. ASIPP controlled substance guidelines also provide a discussion of the epidemiology of chronic pain, the role of controlled substances in treating chronic pain, various aspects of drug abuse, pharmacological considerations, clinical effectiveness of controlled substances, options for treatment monitoring and drug testing and a review of terminology used in addiction medicine. These guidelines do not constitute inflexible treatment recommendations. It is expected that a provider will establish a plan of care on a case-by-case basis, taking into account an individual patient's medical condition, personal needs, and preferences, and the physician's experience. Based on an individual patient's needs, controlled substance prescribing and treatment different from that outlined here may be warranted. These guidelines do not represent "standard of care. "
High Performance I / O and Data Management

A library for parallel IO and data management has been developed for large-scale multi-physics simulations. The goal of the library is to provide sustainable, interoperable, efficient, scalable, and convenient tools for parallel IO and data management for high-level data structures in applications, and to provide tools for the connection between applications. The high-level data structures include oneand multi-dimensional arrays, structured meshes, unstructured meshes, and the meshes generated through adaptive mesh refinement. The IO mechanism can be collective and noncollective. The data objects suitable for the library could be either large or small data sets. Even for small data sets, the IO performance is close to one of MPI-IO performance. Keywords-IO, data structure, data management, high performance.