Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The analysis of the stability of general slip surfaces

Synopsis Within the framework of limit equilibrium methods of stability analysis, no restriction need be placed at the outset upon the shape of the possible slip surface. In many cases, the critical surface may deviate significantly from a circle or a plane and therefore a method that facilitates the analysis of surfaces of arbitrary shape is of interest. A method for doing this is presented. The assumptions necessary to make the problem statically determinate are discussed. The solution of the governing equations ensures that all equilibrium and boundary conditions are satisfied. The method has been programmed for a digital computer and some examples of its application are given. Comparisons are also made with other methods of analysis. Dans la cadre des methodes d'equilibre limite d'analyse de stabilite, il n'y a pas besoin d'imposer de restrictions au depart sur la forme de la surface de glissement eventuelle. Dans bien des cas, la surface critique peut devier d'une maniere significative d'un cercle ou.
Spin precession of a polaron induced by a gate voltage in one-dimensional organic polymers

We theoretically investigated the spin dynamics of a polaron under a gate voltage in a one-dimensional organic polymer chain. Spin precession is obtained when a polaron transports along the polymer chain. The spin precession has a certain periodic length, which is in inverse proportion to the strength of the spin–orbital interaction. It was found that spin precession takes place only on the polaron level (intralevel spin precession), while in a rigid semiconductor spin precession takes place among all the conduction levels (interlevel spin precession). In addition, the periodic length of polaron spin precession becomes longer for stronger electron–lattice interaction, indicating long spin relaxation in organic polymers.
Formation and dynamics of large‐scale magnetic structures in the ionosphere of Venus

In this paper, we examine the formation and dynamics of large-scale magnetic structures in the ionosphere of Venus. We show that such structures must be the result of steady state convection of interplanetary field lines into the ionosphere by the small amount of solar wind plasma (≲1–5%) absorbed by the planetary atmosphere below the ionopause, rather than isolated remnants of large fields persisting for long periods without connection to the solar wind induced current and convection pattern. In particular, we demonstrate that the magnetic diffusion of such structures would result in their dissipation with time scales of 1–10 min, if they were not steady state structures in convective and diffusive equilibrium. It is shown that the equations governing the diffusion of these magnetic structures are similar to those governing diffusion of a gas out of an enclosed chamber with a porous wall, and a simple analog is illustrated. The application of these results to magnetic fields of astrophysical plasmas is discussed.
Psychometric properties of the theory-based clinical behavioral intention scale among Turkish community pharmacists

: The aim of this study was to assess psychometric properties of a theory-based scale, which can be used to identify and evaluate clinical behavioral intentions of Turkish community pharmacists. For the Turkish version of the theory-based scale; translation, cultural adaptation, and a pilot study were carried out, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated in 31 pharmacists for the two-week test-retest reliability. Online survey was conducted among community pharmacists in seven regions of Turkey between May and August 2021 by using convenience sampling. Principal component analysis was performed with Varimax rotation. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated for each component and the total scale. Among one hundred twenty-seven pharmacists, the median age was 44.0 (ranged between 23 and 72 years). In the two-week test-retest reliability analysis, reliability in the total scores of the scale between the baseline and after 15 days was excellent (ICC= 0.938; p <0.001). Three components were identified in the principal component analysis, with 72.7% of the total variance explained. Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.765 to 0.909. The Turkish version of this theory-based scale can be used to identify and evaluate clinical behavior intentions of Turkish community pharmacists. Further studies can be conducted to evaluate the validity of scale among diverse healthcare providers to assess their intention to various behaviors.
Application of a linear time-invariant model in the Fourier domain to perform statistical analysis of functional magnetic resonance images

A linear time invariant model is applied to functional fMRI blood flow data. This model assumes that the fMRI stochastic output sequence can be determined by a constant plus a linear filter (hemodynamic response function) of several fixed deterministic inputs and an error term, assumed stationary with zero mean and error spectrum. An on-off finger tapping experiment was performed where the subject repetitively tapped their fingers for 30 seconds and remained still for 30 seconds. Thirty three disjoint frequency bands, 3 wave numbers wide were chosen to analyze the data. At each band an F- statistical image was constructed to test ((alpha) equals . 05/33) whether power from the input signal induced a response in the output signal. Activation was seen at frequency . 0154 Hz close to the frequency for maximum power of the input signal, . 0167 Hz in the contralateral motor strip and motor cortex. In conclusion, (1) No assumptions are made about the filter. (2) Several different deterministic inputs may be applied. (3) Problems with temporal correlation are avoided by performing the statistics in the Fourier domain. (4) Testing can be performed for differences in the hemodynamic transfer function at different spatial locations under different experimental conditions.
Analogue sun sensor based on the optical nonlinear compensation measuring principle

A novel angle measuring principle, the optical nonlinear compensation measuring principle, is presented in this paper based on which a novel analogue sun sensor technology has been developed. The design, the performance and the test of the analogue sun sensor are described. Test results show that the accuracy of the analogue sun sensor is better than 0.2° (3σ) in the entire FOV (field of view) of ±62°, both axes. Compared with other analogue sun sensors, the major advantage of this sun sensor is that its mass and size are relatively low, and that high accuracy and large FOV can be realized simultaneously.
Design and Analysis of a Five-phase Flux-Intensifying Fault-Tolerant Permanent-Magnet Motor With Active Sensorless Strategy Under Multimode Operation

In this paper, a new flux-intensifying fault-tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motor (FI-FTPMSM) is proposed to improve sensorless operating capacity under multimode operation including fault conditions. Most previous studies regarding fault-tolerant motors aim to improve fault-tolerant capability but suffer the saliency characteristic problem, which is unfavorable for sensorless control. In this study, an active sensorless strategy is developed by considering the sensorless operating capability under multimode operation in the motor design stage. Based on this novel idea, a new FI-FTPMSM with a high inverse saliency ratio is designed. By carefully choosing slot-pole combination, subtly setting q-axis magnetic barrier shape, and improving air gap waveform, the superior inverse saliency characteristic is obtained, which effectively improves the dynamic and steady-state sensorless operating performance. Through simulation analysis and experimental tests, the rationality and validity of the proposed strategy are verified.
Modelling and control of networked systems via jump system approach

The problem of data packet dropout induced by communication channel in networked control systems (NCSs) is studied in this paper. We model the NCSs with data packet dropout as jump linear systems. With a freedom matrix introduced, new equivalently sufficient conditions on the mean square stabilisation of NCSs are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Constant stabilising state-feedback controllers can then be constructed by using the feasible solutions of some LMIs. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Tunnel magnetoresistance of 604% at 300K by suppression of Ta diffusion in CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB pseudo-spin-valves annealed at high temperature

The authors observed tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 604% at 300K in Ta∕Co20Fe60B20∕MgO∕Co20Fe60B20∕Ta pseudo-spin-valve magnetic tunnel junction annealed at 525°C. To obtain high TMR ratio, it was found critical to anneal the structure at high temperature above 500°C, while suppressing the Ta diffusion into CoFeB electrodes and in particular to the CoFeB∕MgO interface. X-ray diffraction measurement of MgO on SiO2 or Co20Fe60B20 shows that an improvement of MgO barrier quality, in terms of the degree of the (001) orientation and stress relaxation, takes place at annealing temperatures above 450°C. The highest TMR ratio observed at 5K was 1144%.
FEEDBACK CONTROL OF SPACE ROBOT ATTITUDE BY CYCLIC ARM MOTION

A method of controlling the attitude of a space robot using its arm motion is considered. The proposed method can make a large attitude change by the cyclic motion of the arm. First the arm path is planned based on the small attitude change when the arm moves along a closed path. Then the path is modi ed by feeding back the attitude error during the arm motion. Numerical simulations have been executed to verify the feedback law using a space robot model with an arm with six degrees of freedom.
A Note on the Frequency Polygon Based on the Weighted Sums of Binned Data

We revisit the generalized midpoint frequency polygons of Scott (1985), and the edge frequency polygons of Jones et al. (1998) and Dong and Zheng (2001). Their estimators are linear interpolants of the appropriate values above the bin centers or edges, those values being weighted averages of the heights of r, r ∈ N, neighboring histogram bins. We propose a simple kernel evaluation method to generate weights for binned values. The proposed kernel method can provide near-optimal weights in the sense of minimizing asymptotic mean integrated square error. In addition, we prove that the discrete uniform weights minimize the variance of the generalized frequency polygon under some mild conditions. Analogous results are obtained for the generalized frequency polygon based on linearly prebinned data. Finally, we use two examples and a simulation study to compare the generalized midpoint and edge frequency polygons.
A State-Age-Dependent Opportunistic Intelligent Maintenance Framework for Wind Turbines Under Dynamic Wind Conditions

Intelligent maintenance powered by advanced sensor technology is crucial to ensure the safe and reliable operation of wind turbines. Most maintenance models are scheduled solely based on age/degradation conditions while ignoring the dynamics of wind conditions and residual lifetime that significantly affect maintenance executions. This article addresses such challenges by constructing a dynamic age-state-dependent intelligent opportunistic maintenance framework that is capable of integrating 1) degradation and age state, 2) estimation of remaining lifetime, and 3) both the positive (extra maintenance opportunities) and negative impacts (maintenance delays) of wind conditions. Specially, component-level maintenance is allowed to be postponed to balance lifetime extension and resource allocation, whose implementation interval is controlled by real-time estimations of lifetime and dynamic wind velocities. Moreover, both wind- and health-centered opportunistic maintenance are incorporated to mitigate power generation losses. The applicability and superiority of the proposed framework are validated by a case study on an Ontario wind farm.
LIGHT-VARIABILITY OF THE OF-TYPE SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY BD+40°4220

G. R. Miczaika* Heidelberg Observatory BD -f40°4220 was announced by O. C. Wilson to be a double line spectroscopic binary with an Of and an 09 component. O. C. Wilson and A. Abt derived a spectroscopic orbit with P = 6.600 days and pointed out that the periodic variations in the visibility of some of the spectral features are rather pronounced. A mass-ratio of 1:4 (mot sin i= 1.90O, m09 sin 3 i = 7.830) was found, in spite of the fact that the spectra of both components are visible. Furthermore, as there is no evidence in the spectrum for appreciable differences in surface temperature it may be concluded that both components do not obey the same mass-luminosity relation. With such a large mass-ratio, they should have AM = 5 mag. Since sin i seems to be rather small, no eclipses were to be expected, but photometric observations made during the 1952 season soon showed a light variation of the system exceeding 0.25 mag. The measures were obtained with the photoelectric equipment attached to the 32-cm refractor of the Heidelberg Observatory. A 1P21-multiplier tube was used without filters. The observations up to August 25 were made by reading the deflections of a milliammeter. In general, one observation in Table I is the mean of 4 sets : VaaV. After August 26 all measures were recorded by a Siemens and Halske recording milliammeter. One observation in Table I resulted from 9 deflections: VaV . VaV. By combining so many deflections into one mean value of the star’s magnitude, the probable errors could be kept small. BD -f40°4213 served as comparison star. Figure 1 is a plot of the photoelectric observations with phases computed from the elements of Wilson and Abt JD 2432747.167 + 6.600E, which were derived from the velocity measurements. The phases
Characterization of a fiber based heralded single photon source at telecom wavelength

Single photon sources are fundamental elements for quantum information science, mainly for quantum key distribution (QKD) applications. Nevertheless, on-demand single photon sources are difficult to obtain, and their implementation in a practical application, such as QKD, demands further developments. A different approach to a single photon source is based on the generation of quantum correlated photon-pairs. In that case, the detection of one photon of the pair heralds the presence of the second photon. In this work, we present a heralded single photon source based on the spontaneous four-wave mixing (FWM) process in optical fibers. We characterize theoretically the heralded photon source by means of the conditional second-order coherence function, gc(2) , with gc(2) = 0 for a perfect single photon source. We observe the nonclassical nature of the source, with gc(2) ≪ 1 far below the classical limit. Our results also show that the Raman scattering in general degrades the quality of the source, due to the generation of uncorrelated photons. However, our findings show that in some frequency regimes we are able to observe a gc(2) ≈ 10−3. Moreover, our analysis shows that the propagation of the photons in a standard single mode fiber (SSMF) does not change significantly the value of gc(2), for distances of L < 25/α, with α the loss coefficient of the SSMF. This results can help to guide the development of single photon sources for quantum information applications.
Dynamic Walk of a Biped

The authors have developed five kinds of biped locomotive robots so far. They are named BIPER-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. All of them are statically unstable but can perform a dynamically stable walk with suitable control. BIPER-1 and BIPER-2 walk only sideways. BIPER-3 is a stilt-type robot whose foot contacts occur at a point and who can walk sideways, back ward, and forward. BIPER-4's legs have the same degrees of freedom as human legs. BIPER-5 is similar to BIPER-3, but in the case of BIPER-5 all apparatus, such as the computer, are mounted on it. This paper deals with the control theory used for BIPER-3 and BIPER-4. In both cases, basically the same control method is applied. The most important point is that the mo tion of either robot during the single-leg support phase can be approximated by the motion of an inverted pendulum. Ac cordingly, in this paper, dynamic walk is considered to be a series of inverted-pendulum motions with appropriate condi tions of connection.
Mortality scoring systems for liver transplant recipients: before and after model for end-stage liver disease score

The mortality scoring systems for patients with end-stage liver disease have evolved from the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score to the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, affecting the wait list for liver allocation. There are inherent weaknesses in the MELD score, with the gradual decline in its accuracy owing to changes in patient demographics or treatment options. Continuous refinement of the MELD score is in progress; however, both advantages and disadvantages exist. Recently, attempts have been made to introduce artificial intelligence into mortality prediction; however, many challenges must still be overcome. More research is needed to improve the accuracy of mortality prediction in liver transplant recipients.
Looking at Biomolecular Interactions through the Lens of Correlated Fluorescence Microscopy and Optical Tweezers

Understanding complex biological events at the molecular level paves the path to determine mechanistic processes across the timescale necessary for breakthrough discoveries. While various conventional biophysical methods provide some information for understanding biological systems, they often lack a complete picture of the molecular-level details of such dynamic processes. Studies at the single-molecule level have emerged to provide crucial missing links to understanding complex and dynamic pathways in biological systems, which are often superseded by bulk biophysical and biochemical studies. Latest developments in techniques combining single-molecule manipulation tools such as optical tweezers and visualization tools such as fluorescence or label-free microscopy have enabled the investigation of complex and dynamic biomolecular interactions at the single-molecule level. In this review, we present recent advances using correlated single-molecule manipulation and visualization-based approaches to obtain a more advanced understanding of the pathways for fundamental biological processes, and how this combination technique is facilitating research in the dynamic single-molecule (DSM), cell biology, and nanomaterials fields.
Semi-automatic model to colony forming units counting

Colony forming units counting is a conventional process carry out in bacteriological laboratories, and it is used to follow the behavior of bacteria in different conditions. Currently exist different systems, automatic or semi-automatic, to counting colony forming units exits, but, in general, many laboratories continue using manual counting, which consumes considerable time and effort from researchers and laboratory employees. This paper presents a mathematical model carry out to segment the colony forming units and, in this way, counting them from a digital image of the sample. The method uses the color space information of some points in the image and shows good behavior for images with many or few colony forming units in the sample, according to manual counting. The results show efficiencies close to 98% with MacConkey agar.
Imaging Through Turbulence

Introduction Overview of the Problem Area Historical Overview of Imaging Through Turbulence Overview of the Book Background: Fourier and Statistical Optics Fourier Optics Statistical Optics Turbulence Effects on Imaging Systems Index of Refraction Fluctuations in the Atmosphere Statistics of Index of Refraction Fluctuations Wave Propagation through Random Media First-Order Turbulence Effects on Incoherent Imaging Modal Expansions of Phase Perturbation Phase Screen Generation Speckle Imaging Techniques Introduction Overview of Speckle Imaging Speckle Interferometry Fourier Phase Estimation Techniques Image Reconstruction for Speckle Imaging Conclusion Adaptive Optical Imaging Systems Introduction Factors that Degrade AOI Systems Performance Adaptive Optical System Components and Models AOI System Performance Modeling Summary Hybrid Imaging Techniques Introduction Deconvolution from Wavefront Sensing Methods Involving Adaptive Optics Conclusion Index
Performance Analysis of the Wiener Optimal Filtering Noise-Reduction Technique

Noise reduction, which aims at extracting the clean speech from noisy observations, has attracted a considerable amount of research attention over the past several decades. Although many methods have been developed to achieve the goal of noise reduction and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement, there has been remarkably little theoretical justification of their performance due to the difficulty in quantizing the combinatorial effect between noise reduction and speech distortion. This paper attempts to provide a theoretical analysis on the performance of the Wiener optimal filtering noise-reduction technique. We show that the Wiener optimal linear filter can indeed reduce the level of noise. Most importantly, we prove that the output SNR is always greater than, or at least equal to the input SNR, which reveals that the Wiener optimal linear filtering technique is indeed able to make noisy speech signals cleaner.
Vitamins A, C, and E Exert Anti-apoptotic Function in the Testis of Rats After Exposure to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Some reports emphasize that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are detrimental to the reproductive organs of animals. As such, this research aimed at exploring the apoptotic potential of ZnO NPs on testis along with the beneficial role of Vitamins (V) A, C, and E against ZnO NP-induced damage. To this aim, a population of 54 healthy, male Wistar rats were used in this work and then assigned into nine groups of 6 rats as G1: Control 1 (Water); G2: Control 2 (Olive oil); G3: VA (1000 IU/kg), G4: VC (200 mg/kg), G5: VE (100 IU/kg), G6: ZnO NPs exposed animals (200 mg/kg); and G7, 8 and 9: ZnO NPs-exposed animals that were pre-treated with either VA, C, or E. Apoptosis rates were estimated by measuring the level of apoptotic regulatory markers including Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) using western blotting and qRT-PCR assays. The data indicated that ZnO NPs exposure elevates the level of Bax protein and gene expression, whereas the protein and gene expression of Bcl-2 was reduced. Further, the activation of caspase-3,7 occurred after exposure to ZnO NPs, while the above alterations were significantly alleviated in the rats that were co-treated with VA, C, or E and ZnO NPs relative to the rats in the ZnO NPs group. In summary, VA, C, and E exerted anti-apoptotic functions in the testis of rats following administration of ZnO NPs.
Damping Prediction of Sandwich Structures by Order-Reduction-Iteration Approach

This paper presents an order-reduction-iteration approach for vibration analysis of viscoelastically damped sandwiches. The damping property of all kinds of viscoelastically damped sandwich structures can be predicted by the approach that consists of two steps, i.e., the first-order asymptotic solution of the non-linear real eigenequation and the order-reduction-iteration of the non-linear complex eigenequation. The experimental results for sandwich beams agree well with the numerical ones in this paper.