Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model-based Algorithm for Belief Revisions between Normal Conjunctive Forms

La revision de creencias es un area central en la representacion de conocimiento y en el procesamiento de razonamiento automatico. Consideraremos una base inicial de conocimiento K y una nueva informacion φ, ambas codificadas en forma normal conjuntiva (FC). Presentamos aqui, un algoritmo novedoso, determinista y correcto para la revision de creencias de φ en K. Denotamos nuestro operador de revision como: K 0 = K ◦ φ. Proponemos un nuevo operador binario logico Ind entre formas conjuntivas, y tal que Ind(φ,K) construye tambien una nueva forma conjuntiva. El operador Ind(φ,K) trabaja construyendo clausulas independientes con las clausulas de K, y las asignaciones falsificantes de la formula resultante cubren exactamente el espacio de asignaciones de Fals(φ) − Fals(K), lo que es esencial para realizar el proceso de revision de creencias K 0 = K ◦ φ, y donde K 0 |= φ. Ademas de que nuestra propuesta satisface los postulados KM. Presentamos tambien la demostracion de que nuestro algoritmo de revision de creencias es correcto, y su analisis de complejidad en tiempo.
Climate change and ocean acidification effects on seagrasses and marine macroalgae

Although seagrasses and marine macroalgae (macro‐autotrophs) play critical ecological roles in reef, lagoon, coastal and open‐water ecosystems, their response to ocean acidification (OA) and climate change is not well understood. In this review, we examine marine macro‐autotroph biochemistry and physiology relevant to their response to elevated dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC], carbon dioxide [CO2], and lower carbonate [CO32−] and pH. We also explore the effects of increasing temperature under climate change and the interactions of elevated temperature and [CO2]. Finally, recommendations are made for future research based on this synthesis. A literature review of >100 species revealed that marine macro‐autotroph photosynthesis is overwhelmingly C3 (≥ 85%) with most species capable of utilizing HCO3−; however, most are not saturated at current ocean [DIC]. These results, and the presence of CO2‐only users, lead us to conclude that photosynthetic and growth rates of marine macro‐autotrophs are likely to increase under elevated [CO2] similar to terrestrial C3 species. In the tropics, many species live close to their thermal limits and will have to up‐regulate stress‐response systems to tolerate sublethal temperature exposures with climate change, whereas elevated [CO2] effects on thermal acclimation are unknown. Fundamental linkages between elevated [CO2] and temperature on photorespiration, enzyme systems, carbohydrate production, and calcification dictate the need to consider these two parameters simultaneously. Relevant to calcifiers, elevated [CO2] lowers net calcification and this effect is amplified by high temperature. Although the mechanisms are not clear, OA likely disrupts diffusion and transport systems of H+ and DIC. These fluxes control micro‐environments that promote calcification over dissolution and may be more important than CaCO3 mineralogy in predicting macroalgal responses to OA. Calcareous macroalgae are highly vulnerable to OA, and it is likely that fleshy macroalgae will dominate in a higher CO2 ocean; therefore, it is critical to elucidate the research gaps identified in this review.
Adherence is the critical factor for achieving molecular responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who achieve complete cytogenetic responses on imatinib.

PURPOSE There is a considerable variability in the level of molecular responses achieved with imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). These differences could result from variable therapy adherence. METHODS Eighty-seven patients with chronic-phase CML treated with imatinib 400 mg/d for a median of 59.7 months (range, 25 to 104 months) who had achieved complete cytogenetic response had adherence monitored during a 3-month period by using a microelectronic monitoring device. Adherence was correlated with levels of molecular response. Other factors that could influence outcome were also analyzed. RESULTS Median adherence rate was 98% (range, 24% to 104%). Twenty-three patients (26.4%) had adherence <or= 90%; in 12 of these patients (14%), adherence was <or= 80%. There was a strong correlation between adherence rate (<or= 90% or > 90%) and the 6-year probability of a 3-log reduction (also known as major molecular response [MMR]) in BCR-ABL1 transcripts (28.4% v 94.5%; P < .001) and also complete molecular response (CMR; 0% v 43.8%; P = .002). Multivariate analysis identified adherence (relative risk [RR], 11.7; P = .001) and expression of the molecular human organic cation transporter-1 (RR, 1.79; P = .038) as the only independent predictors for MMR. Adherence was the only independent predictor for CMR. No molecular responses were observed when adherence was <or= 80% (P < .001). Patients whose imatinib doses were increased had poor adherence (86.4%). In this latter population, adherence was the only independent predictor for inability to achieve an MMR (RR, 17.66; P = .006). CONCLUSION In patients with CML treated with imatinib for some years, poor adherence may be the predominant reason for inability to obtain adequate molecular responses.
Reduced‐size formulations for metric and cut polyhedra in sparse graphs

Given a graph G = ( V , E ) with | V | = n and | E | = m , we consider the metric cone MET ( G ) and the metric polytope METP ( G ) defined on ℝ E . These polyhedra are relaxations of several important problems in combinatorial optimization such as the max‐cut problem and the multicommodity flow problem. They are known to have non‐compact formulations via the cycle inequalities in the original space ℝ E and compact (i.e., polynomial size) extended formulations via the triangle inequalities defined on the complete graph K n . In this article, we show that one can reduce the number of triangle inequalities to O ( n m ) and still have extended formulations for MET ( G ) and METP ( G ) . This is particularly interesting for sparse graphs when m = O ( n ) , since formulations of size O ( n 2 ) variables and constraints are thus obtained. Moreover, the possibility of achieving further reduction in size for special classes of sparse graphs is investigated; it is shown that for the case of series‐parallel graphs, for which the max‐cut problem can be solved in linear time (Barahona, Discr Appl Math 13 (1986), 23–26), one can refine the above reduction to obtain extended formulations for MET ( G ) and METP ( G ) featuring O ( n ) variables and constraints. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 69(1), 142–150 2017
Adaptive devices in young people with upper limb reduction deficiencies: Use and satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate use of, satisfaction with, and social adjustment with adaptive devices compared with prostheses in young people with upper limb reduction deficiencies. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 218 young people with upper limb reduction deficiencies (age range 2-20 years) and their parents. A questionnaire was used to evaluate participants' characteristics, difficulties encountered, and preferred solutions for activities, use satisfaction, and social adjustment with adaptive devices vs prostheses. The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology and a subscale of Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales were used. RESULTS Of 218 participants, 58% were boys, 87% had transversal upper limb reduction deficiencies, 76% with past/present use of adaptive devices and 37% with past/present use of prostheses. Young people (> 50%) had difficulties in performing activities. Of 360 adaptive devices, 43% were used for self-care (using cutlery), 28% for mobility (riding a bicycle) and 5% for leisure activities. Prostheses were used for self-care (4%), mobility (9%), communication (3%), recreation and leisure (6%) and work/employment (4%). The preferred solution for difficult activities was using unaffected and affected arms/hands and other body parts (> 60%), adaptive devices (< 48%) and prostheses (< 9%). Satisfaction and social adjustment with adaptive devices were greater than with prostheses (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Young people with upper limb reduction deficiencies are satisfied and socially well-adjusted with adaptive devices. Adaptive devices are good alternatives to prostheses.
Poster abstract: Water level estimation in urban ultrasonic/passive infrared flash flood sensor networks using supervised learning

This article describes a machine learning approach to water level estimation in a dual ultrasonic/passive infrared urban flood sensor system. We first show that an ultrasonic rangefinder alone is unable to accurately measure the level of water on a road due to thermal effects. Using additional passive infrared sensors, we show that ground temperature and local sensor temperature measurements are sufficient to correct the rangefinder readings and improve the flood detection performance. Since floods occur very rarely, we use a supervised learning approach to estimate the correction to the ultrasonic rangefinder caused by temperature fluctuations. Preliminary data shows that water level can be estimated with an absolute error of less than 2 cm.
Effects of Atrial Premature Systoles on Sinus Rhythm in the Rabbit

Although it is well known that atrial premature depolarizations (APDs) frequently lead to lengthening of the next cycle (returning cycle), it is usually not appreciated that shortening of the returning cycle (RC) can also occur. Moreover, the mechanism for these alterations is not clearly understood. APDs were therefore electrically induced in rabbit sinoatrial (SA) preparations, and four basic patterns of alteration in the SA nodal rhythm were observed. The type of change depended very much on the timing of the APD in the cycle. The atrial events, more often than not, failed to reflect the underlying SA nodal events. Thus, lengthened atrial RCs occurred in spite of shortened SA nodal RCs. This and other discrepancies indicate that the extracellular records of atrial activity do not faithfully reflect the events within the SA node and that information gathered from them should be interpreted with caution. Timing of the APD in the cycle, antegrade and retrograde SA conduction time, SA nodal action potential characteristics, and shifts in pacemaker sites are important in the determination of the altered SA nodal and atrial responses to APDs.
Glycosylation and Cross-linking in Bone Type I Collagen*

Background: Bone type I collagen is glycosylated. Results: The major glycosylation sites are involved in intermolecular cross-linking. The extent and pattern of glycosylation vary depending on the site, type, and maturation of cross-links. Conclusion: Glycosylation may control collagen cross-linking in bone type I collagen. Significance: The results provide important insight into the role of glycosylation in collagen stability in bone. Fibrillar type I collagen is the major organic component in bone, providing a stable template for mineralization. During collagen biosynthesis, specific hydroxylysine residues become glycosylated in the form of galactosyl- and glucosylgalactosyl-hydroxylysine. Furthermore, key glycosylated hydroxylysine residues, α1/2-87, are involved in covalent intermolecular cross-linking. Although cross-linking is crucial for the stability and mineralization of collagen, the biological function of glycosylation in cross-linking is not well understood. In this study, we quantitatively characterized glycosylation of non-cross-linked and cross-linked peptides by biochemical and nanoscale liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometric analyses. The results showed that glycosylation of non-cross-linked hydroxylysine is different from that involved in cross-linking. Among the cross-linked species involving α1/2-87, divalent cross-links were glycosylated with both mono- and disaccharides, whereas the mature, trivalent cross-links were primarily monoglycosylated. Markedly diminished diglycosylation in trivalent cross-links at this locus was also confirmed in type II collagen. The data, together with our recent report (Sricholpech, M., Perdivara, I., Yokoyama, M., Nagaoka, H., Terajima, M., Tomer, K. B., and Yamauchi, M. (2012) Lysyl hydroxylase 3-mediated glucosylation in type I collagen: molecular loci and biological significance. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 22998–23009), indicate that the extent and pattern of glycosylation may regulate cross-link maturation in fibrillar collagen.
The effects of temporary sessions on network performance

We consider a packet network, in which packets are injected in sessions along fixed paths. Packet movement is restricted by link bandwidth. In case of contention, a contention resolution protocol determines which packets proceed. In the permanent session model, a fixed set of connections is present in the network at all times. In the temporary session model, connections come and go over time. In this paper we compare network performance in these two models in terms of stability and end-to-end delay. We provide the first separation of the two models in terms of stability. In particular, we show that generalized processor sharing (GPS) can be unstable with temporary sessions, whereas GPS is known to be stable and have polynomial delay bounds with permanent sessions. We also observe that the relative performance of protocols can differ in the two models. For example, in the temporary session model the protocol farthest-to-go (FTG) is known to be stable and therefore outperforms GPS. However, in the permanent session model we show that FTG can suffer exponential delays and is therefore outperformed by GPS. Although polynomial delay bounds are easy to obtain for permanent sessions, this is not the case when sessions can be temporary. We show that a common framework for bounding delays can only lead to superpolynomial bounds in the temporary session model. We also construct superpolynomial lower bounds on delay for a large class of deterministic, distributed protocols that includes the longest-in-system protocol.
Allelic Variations of a Light Harvesting Chlorophyll A/B-Binding Protein Gene (Lhcb1) Associated with Agronomic Traits in Barley

Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (LHCP) is one of the most abundant chloroplast proteins in plants. Its main function is to collect and transfer light energy to photosynthetic reaction centers. However, the roles of different LHCPs in light-harvesting antenna systems remain obscure. Exploration of nucleotide variation in the genes encoding LHCP can facilitate a better understanding of the functions of LHCP. In this study, nucleotide variations in Lhcb1, a LHCP gene in barley, were investigated across 292 barley accessions collected from 35 different countries using EcoTILLING technology, a variation of the Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes (TILLING). A total of 23 nucleotide variations were detected including three insert/deletions (indels) and 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among them, 17 SNPs were in the coding region with nine missense changes. Two SNPs with missense changes are predicted to be deleterious to protein function. Seventeen SNP formed 31 distinguishable haplotypes in the barley collection. The levels of nucleotide diversity in the Lhcb1 locus differed markedly with geographic origins and species of accessions. The accessions from Middle East Asia exhibited the highest nucleotide and haplotype diversity. H. spontaneum showed greater nucleotide diversity than H. vulgare. Five SNPs in Lhcb1 were significantly associated with at least one of the six agronomic traits evaluated, namely plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, flag leaf area and leaf color, and these SNPs may be used as potential markers for improvement of these barley traits.
Ontogeny of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in lumbar motoneurons and in the sexually dimorphic levator ani muscle of male rats

We documented the ontogeny of androgen receptor (AR) immunoreactivity for rat lumbar motoneurons of the sexually dimorphic motor pools, the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN), and for the sexually monomorphic retrodorsolateral nucleus (RDLN). We also assessed the ontogeny of AR immunoreactivity in the rat sexually dimorphic levator ani (LA), which is a target muscle for SNB motoneurons. Lumbar spinal cords and LA muscles from gonadally intact males at ages postnatal days (P)7, P10, and P14 and as adults were incubated with the rabbit antiserum PG‐21. Half of the prepubertal males (P7–P14) received 200 μg of testosterone propionate (TP) 2 hours prior to death to enhance immunodetection of ARs. We found that SNB motoneurons developed AR immunoreactivity first and achieved adult levels by P10. In contrast, the number of RDLN motoneurons with AR‐immunopositive nuclei during development remained well below the adult number. Development of AR immunoreactivity in the DLN shared characteristics with both the SNB and the RDLN. AR immunoreactivity developed in some DLN motoneurons by P10, although the percentage of labelled motoneurons remained below that in adulthood. Acute TP treatment significantly increased the number of SNB motoneurons with AR‐positive nuclei at P7. The LA showed a robust pattern of AR immunostaining from P7 to adulthood. Immunostaining was present only in nuclei and constituted only a subpopulation of the nuclei present in muscle. The present results confirm and extend previous results based on steroid autoradiography and steroid binding assays regarding regional and developmental differences in the expression of ARs. J. Comp. Neurol. 379:88‐98, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabolic rate covaries with fitness and the pace of the life history in the field

Metabolic rate reflects the ‘pace of life’ in every organism. Metabolic rate is related to an organism's capacity for essential maintenance, growth and reproduction—all of which interact to affect fitness. Although thousands of measurements of metabolic rate have been made, the microevolutionary forces that shape metabolic rate remain poorly resolved. The relationship between metabolic rate and components of fitness are often inconsistent, possibly because these fitness components incompletely map to actual fitness and often negatively covary with each other. Here we measure metabolic rate across ontogeny and monitor its effects on actual fitness (lifetime reproductive output) for a marine bryozoan in the field. We also measure key components of fitness throughout the entire life history including growth rate, longevity and age at the onset of reproduction. We found that correlational selection favours individuals with higher metabolic rates in one stage and lower metabolic rates in the other—individuals with similar metabolic rates in each developmental stage displayed the lowest fitness. Furthermore, individuals with the lowest metabolic rates lived for longer and reproduced more, but they also grew more slowly and took longer to reproduce initially. That metabolic rate is related to the pace of the life history in nature has long been suggested by macroevolutionary patterns but this study reveals the microevolutionary processes that probably generated these patterns.
A new DOA estimation method using a circular microphone array

This paper proposes a new DOA (direction of arrival) estimation method based on circular microphone array. For an arbitrary number of microphones, it is analytically shown that DOA estimation reduces to an efficient non-linear optimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate that deviation of the estimation error for 20 and 10 dB SNR is smaller than 0.7 degree which is comparable to high resolution DOA estimation methods. A larger number of microphones provide a more omni-directional spatial resolution.
Technical Evaluation of The mEducator 3.0 Linked Data-based Environment for Sharing Medical Educational Resources

mEducator 3.0 is a content sharing approach for medical education, based on Linked Data principles. Through standardization, it enables sharing and discovery of medical information. Overall the mEducator project seeks to address the following two different approaches, mEducator 2.0, based on web 2.0 and ad-hoc Application Programmers Interfaces (APIs), and mEducator 3.0, which builds upon a collection of Semantic Web Services that federate existing sources of medical and Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) data. The semantic mEducator 3.0 approach It has a number of different instantiations, allowing flexibility and choice. At present these comprise of a standalone social web-based instantiation (MetaMorphosis+) and instantiations integrated with Drupal, Moodle and OpenLabyrinth systems. This paper presents the evaluation results of the mEducator 3.0 Linked Data based environment for sharing medical educational resources and focuses on metadata enrichment, conformance to the requirements and technical performance (of the MetaMorphosis+ and Drupal instantiations).
Globalization and Urban Economic Growth: Evidence for Bangalore, India

Abstract This essay establishes the empirical linkages between globalization and urban economic growth through the ICT (information and communications technology) sector, and offers new evidence for the positive contributions of the ICT sector as a major source of economic globalization and a determinant of urban economic growth in Bangalore. Empirical results show a remarkable performance by Bangalore compared to all-India and international levels, driven by ICT services and growth effects. Overall results offer empirical bases for continuing with and strengthening public policies for the promotion of a growth-oriented ICT sector and economic globalization in Bangalore as well as in comparable Indian and Asian cities. However, the results and conclusions are qualified by limitations of economic data and unincorporated non-economic factors. Resume Ce texte definit les liens empiriques entre mondialisation et croissance economique urbaine grâce au secteur des TIC (technologies de l'information et de la communication). Il apporte de nouvelles preuves des contributions positives des TIC en tant que source primordiale de mondialisation de l'economie et determinant de la croissance economique urbaine de Bangalore. D'apres les resultats empiriques, par comparaison au niveau de performance national et international, Bangalore presente une reussite remarquable, dynamisee par les services des TIC et les effets de la croissance. Les resultats d'ensemble fournissent des bases empiriques en faveur de la poursuite et de l'intensification des politiques publiques qui encouragent a la fois un secteur des TIC axe sur la croissance et une mondialisation economique, a Bangalore comme dans les villes comparables d'Inde et d'Asie. Toutefois, les resultats et les conclusions sont nuances a cause des limites des donnees economiques et de l'absence de facteurs non economiques.
Acetabular augmentation induced by extracorporeal shock waves in rabbits

We conducted this animal study to demonstrate whether exposing the acetabulum in immature rabbits to extracorporeal shock waves induces bone formation in the acetabulum. Five thousand shock waves of 100 MPa each were directed, from outside, at the acetabular roof of eight immature rabbits. At each of two time points (4 and 8 weeks) after treatment, the pelvises of four rabbits were removed and evaluated morphologically. Woven bone formation was observed on the lateral margin of the acetabular roof at 4 weeks after treatment, and the breadth of the acetabular roof in the coronal plane was significantly increased. Eight weeks after treatment, the woven bone disappeared; the breadth of the acetabular roof, however, was significantly increased. These findings demonstrated that extracorporeal shock waves induced acetabular augmentation in rabbits. We conclude that extracorporeal shock waves, perhaps, could be applied clinically for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia.