Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ‘language’ and ‘feel’ of bilingual memory: Mnemonic traces

How are language and emotion integrated in the mnemonic trace underlying reconstructive retrieval? Does remembering in the first versus the second language affect the feel of memories? In a protocol analysis of the kinds of information activated during memory search, Schrauf (2003) found that, as participants followed a train of associations in response to cue words, they most often evoked visual images (66%) vs. verbal (17%), feeling (13%), or conceptual (29%) associations. Because imagery is known to be a key factor in the mental re-experiencing of past events, this paper examines the interrelation of imagery with emotion and language in bilingual autobiographical memory. Thirty Spanish-English speaking Puerto Rican immigrants to the mainland US rated memories in both languages for visual, emotional, auditory, and linguistic detail. Multidimensional scaling analyses showed that visual detail and emotional intensity clustered together, suggesting that these are linked contributors to the sense of re-experiencing past events. Comparison of bilinguals? recalls in Spanish vs. English showed more intensity of imagery and emotion in second language (English) than first language (Spanish) memories. We suggest that English memories are more recent, more novel, and require more effort-after-meaning (Bartlett, 1932) than Spanish memories and are therefore recalled with more imagistic detail and emotional intensity than Spanish memories.
Barriers to antenatal care in Rwanda. A literature study on barriers for pregnant women in Rwanda to access antenatal care.

Introduktion: Prenatal modravard kan ses som en nyckelfaktor for att forutsaga utfallet av en forlossning och kan aven hjalpa till att upptacka tidiga riskfaktorer och paborja behandling for gravida kvinnor som lider av komplikationer under graviditeten. I manga laginkomstlander, och framfor allt i Afrika soder om Sahara, existerar manga hinder for kvinnor att fa tillgang till prenatal modravard under graviditeten. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats var att identifiera hinder for gravida kvinnor att fa tillgang till prenatal modravard och analysera det i en rwandisk kontext. Metod: En litteraturbaserad studie design anvandes for denna uppsats och materialet bestod av kvalitetsgranskadeartiklar. For att analysera de utvalda artiklarna tematiserades resultaten. Resultat: Fem olika teman identifierades som hinder for prenatal modravard: Begransad tillgang till halso-och sjukvard, brist pa manligt engagemang under graviditeten, brist pa kunskap, kulturella barriarer och finansiella hinder. Fyra strategier for en battre prenatal modravardstillgang i Rwanda identifierades aven: Battre tillgang till prenatala modravardskliniker, mer utbildning om vikten av prenatal modravard, okat manligt engagemang under graviditet och battre forsakringsskydd. Slutsats: For att skapa en battre tillgang till prenatal modravards bland gravida kvinnor i Rwanda maste dessa hinder overvinnas. For att overvinna dessa hinder, foreslar denna studie fyra olika strategier. Genom att infora dessa strategier till nationella strategier och program kan fler gravida kvinnor fa en battre tillgang till prenatal modravard i Rwanda.
Dysregulated gene expression networks in human acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells

We performed the first genome-wide expression analysis directly comparing the expression profile of highly enriched normal human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and leukemic stem cells (LSC) from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Comparing the expression signature of normal HSC to that of LSC, we identified 3,005 differentially expressed genes. Using 2 independent analyses, we identified multiple pathways that are aberrantly regulated in leukemic stem cells compared with normal HSC. Several pathways, including Wnt signaling, MAP Kinase signaling, and Adherens Junction, are well known for their role in cancer development and stem cell biology. Other pathways have not been previously implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell functions, including Ribosome and T Cell Receptor Signaling pathway. This study demonstrates that combining global gene expression analysis with detailed annotated pathway resources applied to highly enriched normal and malignant stem cell populations, can yield an understanding of the critical pathways regulating cancer stem cells.
Gas and aerosol wall losses in Teflon film smog chambers.

Large smog chambers (approx.60 m/sup 3/) constructed of FEP Teflon film are frequently used to study photochemistry and aerosol formation in model chemical systems. In a previous paper a theory for aerosol wall loss rates in Teflon film smog chambers was developed; predicted particle loss rates were in good agreement with measured rates. In the present paper, measurements of wall deposition rates and the effects of wall losses on measurements of gas-to-particle conversion in smog chambers are discussed. Calculations indicate that a large fraction of the aerosol formed in several smog chamber experiments was on the chamber walls at the end of the experiment. Estimated values for particulate organic carbon yield for several precursor hydrocarbons increased by factors of 1.3-6.0 when wall deposition was taken into account. The theory is also extended to loss rates of gaseous species. Such loss rates are either limited by diffusion through a concentration boundary layer near the surface or by uptake at the surface. It is shown that for a typical 60-m/sup 3/ Teflon film smog chamber, gas loss rates are limited by surface reaction rates if mass accommodation coefficients are less than 6 x 10/sup -6/. It follows that previously reported loss ratesmore » of several gases in a chamber of this type were limited by surface reactions. « less
Shallow Parsing on the Basis of Words Only: A Case Study

We describe a case study in which a memory-based learning algorithm is trained to simultaneously chunk sentences and assign grammatical function tags to these chunks. We compare the algorithm's performance on this parsing task with varying training set sizes (yielding learning curves) and different input representations. In particular we compare input consisting of words only, a variant that includes word form information for low-frequency words, gold-standard POS only, and combinations of these. The word-based shallow parser displays an apparently log-linear increase in performance, and surpasses the flatter POS-based curve at about 50,000 sentences of training data. The low-frequency variant performs even better, and the combinations is best. Comparative experiments with a real POS tagger produce lower results. We argue that we might not need an explicit intermediate POS-tagging step for parsing when a sufficient amount of training material is available and word form information is used for low-frequency words.
A quad-channel 3.125Gb/s/ch serial-link transceiver with mixed-mode adaptive equalizer in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS

This paper presents a quad-channel serial-link transceiver which provides 12.5 Gb/s full duplex raw data rate for a single 10 Gb XAUI interface. A mixed-mode LMS adaptive equalizer is adopted, which achieves 3 dB SNR improvement over pre-emphasis techniques. A delay-immune CDR circuit recovers the receive clock with 64 ps-pp jitter. The IC consumes 718 mW at 3.125 Gb/s/ch with full duplex data rate.
The Effect of Teacher Confirmation on Student Communication and Learning Outcomes

A live lecture experiment was conducted where teacher confirmation was manipulated (i.e., not confirming, somewhat confirming, confirming) across three college courses. After the lecture, students completed a post test assessing positive (i.e., student communication motives, student participation) and negative (i.e., challenge behaviors) communication behaviors they might engage in while taking a course with this instructor. Additionally, students reported on traditional learning outcomes (i.e., cognitive learning, affective learning, state motivation, student satisfaction) resulting from the lecture manipulation. Collectively, results indicated that teacher confirmation resulted in (a) more student communication for the relational, functional, and participatory motives and less communication for the excuse-making motive, (b) more student participation, (c) less challenge behavior, and (d) greater cognitive learning, affective learning, state motivation, and satisfaction.
Axodendritic Contacts onto Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II-Expressing Neurons in the Barn Owl Auditory Space Map

In the owl midbrain, a map of auditory space is synthesized in the inferior colliculus (IC) and conveyed to the optic tectum (OT). Ascending auditory information courses through these structures via topographic axonal projections. Little is known about the molecular composition of projection neurons or their postsynaptic targets. To visualize axodendritic contacts between identified cell types, we used double-label immunohistochemistry, in vivo retrograde tracing, in vitro anterograde tracing, high-resolution confocal microscopy, three-dimensional reconstruction and fly-through visualization. We discovered a major class of IC neurons that strongly expressed calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II, α subunit (CaMKII). The distribution of these cells within the IC was mostly restricted to the external nucleus of the IC (ICX), in which the auditory space map is assembled. A large proportion of ICX-OT projection neurons were CaMKII positive. In addition to being the principal outputs, CaMKII cells were in direct contact with axonal boutons emanating from the main source of input to ICX, the lateral shell of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICCls). Numerous sites of putative synaptic contact were found on the somata, proximal dendrites, and distal dendrites. Double-label immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the existence of synapses between ICCls axons and the dendrites of CaMKII cells. Collectively, our data indicate that CaMKII ICX neurons are a cellular locus for the computation of auditory space-specific responses. Because the ICCls-ICX projection is physically altered during experience-dependent plasticity, these results lay the groundwork for probing microanatomical rearrangements that may underlie plasticity and learning.
The First Cry of the Newborn: Basis for the Child's Future Musical Development

This study treats the child's vocal and rhythmic development immediately subsequent to birth and forward, and shows how this development relates to musical learning. ' Previous studies relate to the socializing influences of the mother upon her child. New observations offer insights that are of interest to those concerned with inborn traits of children. The starting point is, appropriately, the first cry of the newborn. During the study, tape recordings were made of voices of full-term babies, premature infants, and two-, four-, eight-, twelve-, and fourteen-month-old children. It is assumed that the first cry of the child is a function of a basic need: the entrance of oxygen into the lungs. In this way he performs a reflex action necessary to sustain life. Later on he learns that his cry enables him to communicate his hunger and his aches, discomfort, and frustrations. As a result of the study's observations of infants and young children, the following hypothesis was proposed: The first cry of the newborn is the generator not only of the spoken language and of musicality, but also of movement and of musical rhythm. It was observed through the recordings of voices of different babies that the cry of the newborn comprises approximately five to twelve contiguous sounds. These sounds oscillate, and almost every sound repeats itself many times. When the baby inhales, the initial sound he makes is higher than the sounds that follow. This pattern
Basics of cutaneous wound repair.

BACKGROUND Cutaneous wound repair consists of multiple integrated networks of cell-matrix-cytokine interactions. It is generally believed that a better understanding of these networks will lead to improved care of cutaneous wounds, whether freshly made by the surgeon's scalpel or previously existing and not healing secondary to underlying abnormalities. OBJECTIVE This review is intended to update the readership in some of the salient aspects of wound repair networks. METHODS To facilitate the review of multiple integrated networks, cutaneous wound repair was arbitrarily divided into three phases: inflammation, tissue regeneration including re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation, and tissue reorganization. RESULTS Throughout the entire process of wound repair it is clear that cells produce or alter various cytokines and extracellular matrix. The cytokines and matrix in turn alter the behavior of the producer cells (autocrine response) or neighbor cells (paracrine response). CONCLUSION The dynamic reciprocity among cells, cytokines, and matrix material helps explain how integrated wound healing networks are sequential as well as tightly controlled.
Platelet reactivity, fibrinogen and smoking

40 young healthy male volunteers (20 habitual smokers and 20 non‐smokers) were investigated with respect to platelet reactivity, plasma fibrinogen and coagulation factor VIII. Smokers had significantly lower systolic blood pressures and higher venous platelet counts. The results for ADP‐induced platelet aggregation, plasma concentrations for the 2 α‐granule proteins, beta‐thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4, did not differ between the 2 study groups involved; nor was there any difference between serum thromboxane B2 formation or plasma factor VIII:C activity. However, as compared to non‐smokers, plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly higher among the smokers.
THE TRANSFERABILITY OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS BETWEEN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES FOR KENYAN STUDENTS

Summary. This investigation sets out to determine whether scientific concepts which have been previously acquired in one of the languages, English, Swahili or Kikuyu by multilingual Kenyan secondary school students can be transferred to the other two languages. The investigation is based on practical lessons using worksheets translated into the three languages. The results demonstrate that transfer is possible to the vernacular languages from English and between the two vernacular languages.
Educational Hopes of Black and White High School Seniors in Virginia.

Abstract This study presents exploratory research comparing college aspirations and expectations of Black and White high school seniors in Virginia who desire to attend college, (N = 40,848; Whites n = 33,006, or 81% of total population; Blacks, n = 7,842, or 19%). Research questions investigate how expectations and aspirations are influenced by (a) high school counseling, (b) perceived parental agreement with educational goals, and (c) type of curriculum—college preparatory or other. Results indicate that Black students use high school counseling to develop educational goals significantly more than Whites do (p < .05). The races differed significantly in the high school program in which they were enrolled: Over 60% of White students and 40% of Black students were enrolled in a college preparatory curriculum. Yet this did not produce a significant difference between the races in their educational expectations even when they were enrolled in noncollege preparatory programs. Policy implications of these fin.
Robust feature extraction using subband spectral centroid histograms

In this paper we propose a new framework for utilizing frequency information from the short-term power spectrum of speech. Feature extraction is based on the cepstral coefficients derived from the histograms of subband spectral centroids (SSC). Two new feature extraction algorithms are proposed, one based on frequency information alone, and the other which efficiently combines the frequency and amplitude information from the speech power spectrum. Experimental study on an automatic speech recognition task shows that the proposed methods outperform the conventional speech front-ends in the presence of additive white noise, while they perform comparably in the noise-free conditions.
Network state consistency of virtual machine in live migration

The current Virtual Machine (VM) live migration research mainly focuses on transferring run-time memory state of VMs, but neglects the consistency of the network state while migration. This paper designs an Efficient and Reliable VIrtual Network (ERVIN) system, which applies several techniques: Central Information management Distributed Data transmission (CIDD), layer-two network virtualization, store and replay. It guarantees that the established network connections do not interrupt during migration. The experiments show that ERVIN is efficient. The degradation time of network performance is only around 400 ms, which can almost be neglected.
Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Managing transitions of care following Stroke, Guidelines Update 2016

Every year, approximately 62,000 people with stroke and transient ischemic attack are treated in Canadian hospitals. For patients, families and caregivers, this can be a difficult time of adjustment. The 2016 update of the Canadian Managing Transitions of Care following Stroke guideline is a comprehensive summary of current evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations appropriate for use by clinicians who provide care to patients following stroke across a broad range of settings. The focus of these recommendations is on support, education and skills training for patients, families and caregivers; effective discharge planning; interprofessional communication; adaptation in resuming activities of daily living; and transition to long-term care for patients who are unable to return to or remain at home. Unlike other modules contained in the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations (such as acute inpatient care), many of these recommendations are based on consensus opinion, or evidence level C, highlighting the absence of conventional evidence (i.e. randomized controlled trials) in this area of stroke care. The quality of care transitions between stages and settings may have a direct impact on patient and family outcomes such as coping, readmissions and functional recovery. While many qualitative and non-controlled studies were reviewed, this gap in evidence combined with the fact that mortality from stoke is decreasing and more people are living with the effects of stroke, underscores the need to channel a portion of available research funds to recovery and adaptation following the acute phase of stroke.
Alternative explanation for excision repair deficiency caused by the polAex1 mutation

An investigation of the mechanism of the polAex1 mutation in vitro suggested that the excision repair deficiency observed in vivo does not result from an inability of the enzyme to nick translate. The defect appears to reside in the inability of the enzyme to effectively generate a nick structure to serve as a substrate for DNA ligase.
Monocyte Expression and Soluble Levels of the Haemoglobin Receptor (CD163/sCD163) and the Mannose Receptor (MR/sMR) in Septic and Critically Ill Non-Septic ICU Patients

Background The diagnosis of sepsis is challenging and there is an unmet need for sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Following activation of macrophages and monocytes, the haptoglobin-haemoglobin receptor (CD163) and the mannose receptor (MR) are shed into the circulation (sCD163 and sMR). Objective We investigated monocyte expression of CD163 and MR, and levels of sCD163 and sMR in septic and non-septic patients, and in healthy controls. We hypothesised that these receptors are elevated during sepsis and can be used diagnostic and prognostic. Methods Twenty-one patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and 15 critically ill non-septic patients were included in this prospective observational study at three ICUs at Aarhus University Hospital and Randers Regional Hospital, Denmark. Fifteen age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Levels of sCD163 and sMR were measured using a sandwich ELISA and monocyte expression of CD163 and MR was evaluated by flow cytometry during the first four days of ICU stay. The diagnostic and prognostic values of the receptors were assessed using AUROC curves. Results At ICU admission and during the observation period, monocyte expression of CD163 and levels of sCD163 and sMR were significantly higher in septic patients compared with non-septic patients and healthy controls (p<0.01 for all comparisons). Monocytes did not express MR. The diagnostic values estimated by AUROC were 1.00 for sMR, 0.95 for sCD163, 0.87 for CRP, and 0.75 for monocyte-bound CD163. Among the septic patients, monocyte expression of CD163 was higher in non-survivors compared with survivors at ICU admission (p = 0.02) and during the observation period (p = 0.006). The prognostic value of monocyte-bound CD163 estimated by AUROC at ICU admission was 0.82. Conclusion The macrophage-specific markers CD163, sCD163, and sMR are increased in septic patients. Particularly sMR is a promising new biomarker of sepsis.
The dynamic interactions of world natural gas markets

The aim of this study is to analyse the short and long-term interactions between the natural gas markets in the context of Europe, Japan and the US that are the main constituents of natural gas consumption in the world and between the natural gas and oil markets. Within the framework of this study co-integration test is performed and the variable groups that have long-term relationships with each other are presented. Finally, the pairwise Granger causality test is performed in order to examine the short-term causality relationships and the results of uni-directional, bi-directional and non-casual relationships are found. Keywords: energy market, natural gas, liberalization, cointegration, causality JEL Classification: C10, F14, L95
Altered innate immune response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are of crucial importance in immune regulation and response to microbial factors. In multiple sclerosis (MS), pDCs from peripheral blood showed an immature phenotype, but its role in susceptibility to MS is not determined. Because infectious diseases are established triggers of exacerbations in MS, in this study we have characterized the expression of Toll‐like receptors (TLR) and the maturation and functional properties of peripheral blood pDCs from clinically stable, untreated MS patients in response to signals of innate immunity. After stimulation of TLR‐9, interferon (IFN)‐α production by pDCs was significantly lower in MS (n = 12) compared to healthy controls (n = 9). In an allogenic two‐step co‐culture assay we found an impaired effect of TLR‐9 stimulation on IFN‐γ expression of autologous naive T cells in MS patients (n = 4). In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, TLR‐9 stimulation with type A CpG ODN resulted in a higher expression of TLR‐1, ‐2, ‐4, ‐5 and ‐8 in MS patients (n = 7) compared with healthy controls (n = 11). These findings suggest an altered innate immune response to microbial stimuli in MS patients and may help understanding of why common infectious agents trigger MS attacks.