Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study and Analysis of Methods of Object Detection in Video

Object detection is generally performed in the context of higher-level applications that require t he location and/or shape of the object in every frame. In the r ecent years various object detection methods have been proposed over by many researchers and both the apprentice and the proficient can be confused about their benefits and restrictions. In order to overcome this problem, this paper presents an analysis of some important methods and presents innovative classification based on time, memory requirements and accuracy. Results of Such an analysis can efficiently guide the researcher to se lect the most suitable method for a given application in a proper way. This research paper includes various approaches that have been used mostly by different researchers for object detectio n.
A Study of Diagnostic Value of Golgi Protein GP73 and its Genetic Assay in Primary Hepatic Carcinoma

This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic values of GP73 protein in patients' serum with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC). Also GP73 mRNA expression level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and liver tissue between health controls and PHC patients was interrogated. Finally the role of combined detection of serum GP73 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in high-risk population screening was evaluate, in an attempt to justify the new, sensitive, specific and rapid measure for the diagnosis and detection of PHC. Serum proteins of GP73 and AFP were examined in 73 patients with PHC, 13 patients with hepatic cirrhosis, 32 patients with hepatitis and 62 healthy subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relative expression levels of GP73 mRNA in PBMCs and liver tissues were examined by using SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, calculated with the comparison of Cq value. In contrast to patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis, or healthy subjects, PHC patients had their serum GP73 and AFP significantly elevated (P < 0.05) while their PBMCs GP73 mRNA was not significantly different from those with cirrhosis and hepatitis, or healthy subjects (P > 0.05). The expression level of GP73 mRNA was significantly higher in PHC liver tissue than in normal liver tissue. The sensitivity for serum GP73 and AFP in PHC was 68.5% and 28.8%, respectively while that for the combined detection was up to 74%, justifying that the combined detection could prevent the false negative diagnosis by AFP alone and significantly improve the detection rate. As a new diagnostic biomarker of PHC, GP73 protein in serum was highly sensitive and specific. GP73 mRNA in PHC liver tissue specimens instead of whole blood could be used for the diagnosis of PHC as a tumor biomarker, whose detection was highly invasive, risky and afflicting otherwise. The combined detection of GP73 and AFP in serum effectively improved the diagnosis of PHC, in addition to the screening in high-risk population.
Selective and Reversible Blocking of the Lateral Line in Freshwater Fish

Fish possess two separate systems for detection of low-level sound and water motions in the low-frequency range: the inner ear and the lateral line. The relative roles of these systems in normal fish behaviour is still not clear. There is, for instance, a lack of experimental evidence showing the involvement of the lateral line and the inner ear in detection of infrasound, in directional hearing in the near field, and in detection and attack of swimming prey below the surface. To provide a useful tool for such studies, we have developed a pharmacological method for selective and reversible blocking of the lateral line in the roach ( Rutilus rutilus ). By recording multi-unit activity from the lateral line nerve and microphonic potentials from the inner ear, we have shown that cobalt ions in the external water may completely block the mechanosensitivity of the lateral line without affecting the utricular microphonic activity. This inhibiting effect of Co 2+ is antagonized by Ca 2+ , making the ratio between these ions the important blocking factor. For practical work, we recommend 12–24h exposure to 0.1 mmol 1 −1 Co 2+ at a Ca 2+ concentration of less than 0.1 mmol 1 −1 . The fish showed no sign of general behavioural disorders even after 1 week in this solution, and the microphonic sensitivity of the inner ear was not reduced. The blocking effect of Co 2+ was clearly reversible, and the recovery was dependent upon both the duration of the Co 2+ exposure and the Ca 2+ concentration of the recovery solution.
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), novel biomarker for assessing atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease.

OBJECTIVE Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been identified as a strong biomarker of cardiovascular diseases; however, no evidence are available concerning the relationship of GDF-15 and atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). METHODS Twenty patients with rheumatic heart disease were divided into two groups, 10 cases with AF and 10 cases with sinus rhythm (SR). Clinical data and blood samples were collected; left atrial appendage was taken by the surgeon in the process of valve replacement. Masson stained sections and mRNA levels of cardiac fibrosis biomarkers were used to determine the level of cardiac fibrosis, the expression level of GDF-15 was evaluated via immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Compared with SR group, more collagen deposited in the atrial tissue of AF group. The distribution of GDF-15 in the AF group was significantly higher than SR group (P<0.05). In addition, plasma GDF-15 level and mRNA level of GDF-15 in atrial tissue of AF showed the same trend as the result of immunohistochemistry. After linear correlation analysis, the expression level of GDF-15 was found to be positively related to the degree of cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSION GDF-15 might involve in the development and maintenance of atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease, and GDF-15 could be used as a novel biomarker to evaluate myocardial fibrosis in the future.
Parallel Asynchronous Modelization and Execution of Cholesky Algorithm using Petri Nets

—PDPTA 2013 - Parallelization of algorithms with hard data dependency has a need of task synchronization. Synchronous parallel versions are simple to model and program, but inefﬁcient in terms of scalability and processors use rate. The same problem for Asynchronous versions with elemental static task scheduling. Efﬁcient Asynchronous algorithms implement out-of-order execution and are complex to model and execute. In this paper we introduce Petri Nets as a tool for simplifying the modeling and execution of parallel asynchronous versions of this kind of algorithms, while using an efﬁcient dynamic task scheduling implementation. The Cholesky factorization algorithm was used as testbed. Simulations were carried out as a proof of concept, based on real execution times on GPGPU’s, and have shown excellent performances.
Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Development and Central Nervous System Myelination by Insulin‐like Growth Factors a

In summary, our studies show that IGFs are potent regulators of oligodendrocyte development and myelination in vitro and in vivo. IGFs act at several levels: by promoting proliferation of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursors, by inducing immature oligodendrocyte precursors to develop into oligodendrocytes, and by regulating myelin gene expression and the amount of myelin produced per oligodendrocyte. Our findings indicate that IGFs play a crucial role in normal oligodendrocyte development and myelination, and suggest that IGFs may have applications for the promotion of remyelination in myelin disorders such as MS.
Transmit and Receive Antenna Pairing in MIMO Relay Networks

In this paper we consider the problem of antenna selection and pairing in a MIMO relay network when block diagonalization is used at the source with ZF combining at the destination. We start with relay selection where it is assumed that all receive and transmit antennas of a selected relay are used for transmission and argue that antenna selection is superior to relay selection. We propose two algorithms for joint receive and transmit antenna selection and pairing which we refer to as `optimal pairing' and `greedy pairing'. Simulation results show that optimal pairing scheme outperforms the existing antenna selection scheme and that greedy pairing gives nearly the same performance as optimal pairing.
Head-tracked stereoscopic display using image warping

In traditional stereoscopic displays, the virtual 3D object does not appear to be fixed in space as the viewer's head moves. This apparent motion results from the fact that a correct stereo image can only be formed for a particular viewpoint and interpupillary distance. At other viewpoints, our brain interprets the stereo image as a slightly skewed and rotated version of the original. When moving the head, this skewing of the image is perceived as apparent motion of the object. This apparent motion anomaly can be overcome with head tracking. Unfortunately, a head-tracked stereo-display system requires the generation of images from arbitrary viewpoints. This has previously limited the practical use of head-tracked stereo to synthetic imagery. We describe a stereoscopic display system which requires the broadcast of only a stereo pair and sparse correspondence information, yet allows for the generation of the arbitrary views required for head-tracked stereo. Our proposed method begins with a pair of hyper-stereo reference images. From these, a sparse set of corresponding points is extracted. Next, we use image warping and compositing techniques to synthesize new views based on the user's current head position. We show that under a reasonable set of constraints, this method can be used to generate stereo images from a wide range of viewpoints. This technique has several advantages over previous methods. It does not require an explicit geometric description, and thus, avoids the difficult depth-from-stereo problem. We also describe a unique visibility solution which allows the synthesized images to maintain their proper depth relationships without appealing to an underlying geometric description.
Development of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as a Model Pathogen: a System for the Genetic Identification of Gene Products Required for Survival in the Mammalian Host Environment Tion and Therefore Simultaneously Exposed to the Same

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a close relative of the pathogenic Candida species, is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. An isogenic series of S. cerevisiae strains, derived from a human clinical isolate, were used to examine the role of evolutionarily conserved pathways in fungal survival in a mouse host. As is the case for the corresponding Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans mutants, S. cerevisiae purine and pyrimidine auxotrophs were severely deficient in survival, consistent with there being evolutionary conservation of survival traits. Resistance to the antifungal drug 5-fluorocytosine was not deleterious and appeared to be slightly advantageous in vivo. Of mutants in three amino acid biosynthetic pathways, only leu2 mutants were severely deficient in vivo. Unlike the glyoxylate cycle, respiration was very important for survival; however, the mitochondrial genome made a respiration-independent contribution to survival. Mutants deficient in pseudohyphal formation were tested in vivo; flo11⌬ mutants were phenotypically neutral while flo8⌬, tec1⌬, and flo8⌬ tec1⌬ mutants were slightly deficient. Because of its ease of genetic manipulation and the immense S. cerevisiae database, which includes the best annotated eukaryotic genome sequence, S. cerevisiae is a superb model system for the identification of gene products important for fungal survival in the mammalian host environment. S ACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae is closely related to the transduction and metabolic pathways critical for fungal pathogenic Candida species (Bowman et al. 1992; survival in the host environment. Since the importance Lott et al. 1993), which are clinically the most com-of many gene products depends upon the environment, monly observed of the pathogenic fungi (Beck-Sague one of the fundamental steps in genetic analysis is the and Jarvis 1993). It is therefore not surprising that S. identification of gene products that are important for cerevisiae is observed clinically at a variety of different survival in specific environments. This is particularly true body sites and in different patient types and is an emerg-for the difficult issue of survival of pathogens in the ing opportunistic pathogen (Hazen 1995; Murphy and host environment. Genetic analysis can identify which Kavanagh 1999). In contrast to laboratory and other of these pathways are necessary for in vivo survival and nonclinical S. cerevisiae strains, clinically derived strains thereby greatly improve our understanding of fungal of S. cerevisiae have characteristics that resemble those pathogenesis. found in more commonly observed pathogenic fungi, To test specific hypotheses regarding survival in the host such as profuse pseudohyphal formation and improved environment, dominant drug-resistance markers (DDRM; …
Metal resistance in Acidocella strains and plasmid-mediated transfer of this characteristic to Acidiphilium multivorum and Escherichia coli

Acidophilic heterotrophic strain GS19h of the genus Acidocella exhibited extremely high resistance to CdSO4 and ZnSO4, with a MIC of 1 M for each. The respective MICs for an Acidocella aminolytica strain were 400 and 600 mM. The MICs of NiSO4 for the above strains were 200 and 175 mM, respectively. These strains were also resistant to CuSO4, the MICs being 20 and 40 mM, respectively. An Acidocella facilis strain showed resistance only to ZnSO4, with a MIC of 150 mM. The metal salts, in general, extended the lag period, log period, and generation time, with decreases in growth rate and optimum growth. A. aminolytica and strain GS19h each contain more than one plasmid, while A. facilis contains none. After transformation by electroporation with the plasmid preparation from strain GS19h, an Acidiphilium multivorum strain became highly resistant to cadmium and zinc, and the plasmid profile of the transformed cells was found to differ from that of the original Acidiphilium multivorum strain. Escherichia coli HB101 and DH5 alpha also exhibited more resistance to these metals, especially zinc, after transformation with the total plasmid preparation of strain GS19h or a 24.0-MDa plasmid of the same strain, although no plasmid was detected in the transformed cells. Thus, the results derived mainly through genetic experiments demonstrate for the first time the plasmid-mediated transfer of metal resistance for an acidophilic bacterium.
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology the Use of Probabilistic Lexicality Cues for Word Segmentation in Chinese Reading

Disclaimer: This is a version of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of the accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to this version also. Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the " Content ") contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
Coreference Resolution Evaluation Based on Descriptive Specificity

This paper introduces a new evaluation method for the coreference resolution task. Considering that coreference resolution is a matter of linking expressions to discourse referents, we set our evaluation criteron in terms of an evaluation of the denotations assigned to the expressions. This criterion requires that the coreference chains identified in one annotation stand in a one-to-one correspondence with the coreference chains in the other. To determine this correspondence and with a view to keep closer to what human interpretation of the coreference chains would be, we take into account the fact that, in a coreference chain, some expressions are more specific to their referent than others. With this observation in mind, we measure the similarity between the chains in one annotation and the chains in the other, and then compute the optimal similarity between the two annotations. Evaluation then consists in checking whether the denotations assigned to the expressions are correct or not. New measures to analyse errors are also introduced. A comparison with other methods is given at the end of the paper.
Imaging assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma response to locoregional and systemic therapy.

OBJECTIVE This article focuses on imaging techniques and imaging findings after locoregional and systemic therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We discuss currently available locoregional and systemic therapies for HCC, imaging modalities and protocols used to assess HCC response, criteria for assessing HCC response, imaging appearances of treated HCC, and future directions. CONCLUSION The evaluation of tumor response after systemic and locoregional therapies is essential in directing management for HCC. An understanding of the various therapeutic strategies and of their posttherapy imaging appearances is essential for accurately assessing treatment response. The evaluation of tumor response should include not only anatomic imaging biomarkers, such as reduction in tumor size, but also tumor enhancement and necrosis.
METODOLOGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA E SOCIAL DE POLÍTICAS PUBLICAS

RESUMO — Este artigo apresenta os metodos de estimacao da demanda para os estudos de viabilidade financeira, economica e social de politicas publicas (programas, projetos e acoes), para a producao de bens publicos e quase publicos. Fundamenta-se nos conceitos de eficiencia de alocacao de recursos da teoria economica e propoe uma alternativa metodologica para agregar as preferencias individuais e construir uma estrutura de preferencia social, consistente com o postulado de preferencia e seus axiomas de consistencia e indiferenca e, portanto, com a garantia do principio de transitividade da escolha e hierarquizacao de politicas publicas. Na primeira secao, aborda os conceitos de eficiencia e avaliacao ex ante e ex post, como condicoes necessarias para garantir o desenvolvimento economico e social sustentavel. Na segunda, apresenta modelos de estimacao da demanda, com base nos metodos da avaliacao contingente, dos precos hedonicos e dos precos sociais hedonicos. Na terceira, apresenta o estudo de caso da hierarquizacao dos projetos do Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano do municipio de Itambe do estado da Bahia.
Neural control on multiple time scales: Insights from human stick balancing

The time-delayed feedback control mechanisms of the nervous system are continuously subjected to the effects of uncontrolled random perturbations (herein referred to as noise). In this setting the statistical properties of the fluctuations in the controlled variable(s) can provide non-invasive insights into the nature of the underlying control mechanisms. We illustrate this concept through a study of stick balancing at the fingertip using high speed motion capture techniques. Experimental observations together with numerical studies of a stochastic delay differential equation demonstrate that on time scales short compared to the neural time delay (“fast control”), parametric noise provides a non-predictive mechanism that transiently stabilizes the upright position of the balanced stick. Moreover, numerical simulations of a delayed random walker with a repulsive origin indicate that even an unstable fixed point can be transiently stabilized by the interplay between noise and time delay. In contrast, on time scales comparable to the neural time delay (“slow control”), feedback and feedforward control mechanisms become more important. The relative contribution of the fast and slow control mechanisms to stick balancing is dynamic and, for example, depends on the context in which stick balancing is performed and the expertise of the balancer.
A wide stopband low-pass Wilkinson power divider

The conventional Wilkinson power divider has spurious passbands at odd multiples of the center frequency, due to the use of quarter-wave transformers. For practical applications, the spurious passbands generally need to be suppressed by cascading filters, which acts against the trend of microwave systems that are toward miniaturization and integration. In this paper, a low-pass Wilkinson power divider is designed based on artificial low-pass transmission lines. The power divider is a compact design that fits into a circuit size of 0. 17λg x 0. 1λg on an RO4003 substrate, where λg is the guided wavelength at the center frequency of 0.9 GHz. The low-pass power divider has well-defined passband, transition, and stopband regions. It behaves like the conventional Wilkinson power divider in the passband, while has a wide stopband from 1.8 GHz to 20 GHz, as indicated by the experimental results.
National estimates of antidepressant medication use among U.S. children, 1997-2002.

OBJECTIVE A threefold increase in the use of antidepressants has been reported among children (18 years old and younger) between 1987 (0.3%) and 1996 (1.0%). The aim of this study was to determine whether pediatric use of antidepressants continued to rise at a national level during the period 1997-2002. METHOD The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) database for the years 1997-2002 was analyzed. The MEPS is a yearly survey of a nationally representative sample of civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. households, conducted by the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Overall response rate ranged between 64% and 68%. RESULTS An estimated 1.4 million (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-1.7) children received antidepressant medication in 2002 as compared to 0.9 million (95% CI 0.7-1.2) in 1997 (p = .01). The percentage of users increased from 1.3% (95% CI 0.9-1.6) in 1997 to 1.8% (95% CI 1.5-2.1) in 2002 (p < .01). Adolescent use (2.1% in 1997 versus 3.9% in 2002 (p < .001) accounted for the increase, with no change among children younger than 13 years. Also among adolescents, the use rate remained stable during the 2000-2002 period. The increase was caused by use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other newer antidepressants, whereas use of TCAs remained stable in adolescents (p = .84) and declined in prepubertal children (p = .04). Antidepressant use was similar among males and females and higher among whites than blacks and Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS Nationwide, the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant medications continued to increase in adolescents in the late 1990s and until the year 2000, with no further increase through 2002, and remained stable in prepubertal children.