Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allozyme comparison of two populations of Rineloricaria (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Ivaí River, upper Paraná River basin, Brazil

Two allopatric morphotypes of the genus Rinelocaria were compared through the allozyme electrophoresis technique: one morphotype, R. pentamaculata, from the Keller River in the middle stretch of the Ivaí River basin and the other, R. aff. pentamaculata, from the São João River in the upper portion of the Ivaí River basin. The morphotype from the São João River was collected upstream from the São João waterfall, which is about 80 m deep. Twelve enzymatic systems (AAT, ADH, EST, GCDH, G3PDH, GPI, IDH, LDH, MDH, ME, PGM and SOD) were analyzed, which allowed to score 22 loci. Only lociAat-2, Est-3 and Mdh-C showed polymorphism. The two samples differed in allele frequencies at the three polymorphic loci. The average expected heterozygosity for all loci was 0.0806 ± 0.0447 in the Keller River sample. For the São João River morphotype, this value was 0.0489 ± 0.0350. Nei' s genetic identity and distance between the two populations were respectively 0.9789 and 0.0213. Wright's FIS , FIT and FST over all loci were estimated as 0.3121, 0.4021 and 0.1309, respectively. We consider that the two morphotypes represent species in statunascendi.
Poverty and social exclusion: An alternative spatial explanation

Abstract Poverty and social exclusion remain some of the biggest concerns in the face of obtaining social sustainability. In this respect, the continuing immense spatial differences between individual localities of seemingly similar characteristics have puzzled social scientists for decades. In quest for a better understanding, this article highlights the role of spatial heterogeneity as a factor conducive to the formation of functionally derelict areas, which in turn play a crucial role in the formation of spatial mismatch. Using two case studies from Poland, one from a big city and one from a small village, we explore the relationality between the phenomena of spatial heterogeneity, functional dereliction and spatial mismatch, whose mutual reinforcement seems to lead to a specific kind of deprivation in terms of scale and intensity. Special attention is paid to the role of spatial heterogeneity, which under certain conditions is capable of changing from being a developmental stimulant to becoming a destimulant. We argue that taking greater account of the intricate historical contexts responsible for the resistance of some pressing socio-economic problems is key to breaking the deadlock in the implementation of ineffective sustainability policies.
A new promoter element associated with daily time keeping in Drosophila

Abstract Circadian clocks are autonomous daily timekeeping mechanisms that allow organisms to adapt to environmental rhythms as well as temporally organize biological functions. Clock-controlled timekeeping involves extensive regulation of rhythmic gene expression. To date, relatively few clock-associated promoter elements have been identified and characterized. In an unbiased search of core clock gene promoters from 12 species of Drosophila, we discovered a 29-bp consensus sequence that we designated as the Clock-Associated Transcriptional Activation Cassette or ‘CATAC’. To experimentally address the spatiotemporal expression information associated with this element, we generated constructs with four separate native CATAC elements upstream of a basal promoter driving expression of either the yeast Gal4 or firefly luciferase reporter genes. Reporter assays showed that presence of wild-type, but not mutated CATAC elements, imparted increased expression levels as well as rhythmic regulation. Part of the CATAC consensus sequence resembles the E-box binding site for the core circadian transcription factor CLOCK/CYCLE (CLK/CYC), and CATAC-mediated expression rhythms are lost in the presence of null mutations in either cyc or the gene encoding the CLK/CYC inhibitor, period (per). Nevertheless, our results indicate that CATAC's enhancer function persists in the absence of CLK/CYC. Thus, CATAC represents a novel cis-regulatory element encoding clock-controlled regulation.
La violenza giovanile in Italia e Svizzera: diffusione, caratteristiche e contesto dei comportamenti violenti nei due Paesi

L’Italia e la Svizzera, nel 2006, hanno partecipato all’indagine internazionale sulla delinquenza giovanile denominata Second International Self-Reported Delinquency Survey (ISRD-2), usando un identico questionario. Il campione ha coinvolto piu di 9000 studenti (N=5784 in Italia e N=3459 in Svizzera) di eta compresa tra i 13 ed i 16 anni. Questo studio confronta il coinvolgimento degli adolescenti di questi due Paesi nei comportamenti violenti (contro la persona e contro le cose), prendendo in considerazione l’influenza di variabili relative al contesto socio-economico, familiare, scolastico ed alle caratteristiche individuali, con lo scopo di identificare le variabili associate con questi comportamenti e di verificare se queste associazioni sono diverse nei due Paesi. I comportamenti violenti contro le persone e il vandalismo sono ammessi con maggior frequenza dagli studenti italiani. Le analisi multivariate dimostrano che essere di genere maschile, avere uno scadente autocontrollo, vivere in un ambiente sociale disorganizzato, avere una scarsa supervisione parentale, avere genitori in conflitto violento tra di loro, avere un atteggiamento positivo nei confronti della violenza aumenta il rischio di commettere atti violenti sia contro le persone, sia contro le cose. Essere immigrato, essere discriminato ed avere genitori che abusano di alcool o di droga aumenta il rischio di commettere atti violenti contro le persone, ma non di vandalismo. Inoltre, gli studenti che pranzano tutti i giorni con i genitori ed i ragazzi piu giovani hanno minori probabilita di commettere atti di vandalismo. I rapporti tra le variabili di adattamento scolastico ed i comportamenti violenti differiscono nei due Paesi, in quanto le bocciature e lo scarso attaccamento alla scuola sono piu criminogeni in Italia che in Svizzera. Questo diverso rapporto puo essere dovuto a fattori culturali, quali la maggior o minor importanza conferita al successo scolastico, o strutturali, quali la diversa organizzazione del sistema scolastico nei due Paesi.
‘After Luhmann’: Dirk Baecker’s Sociology of Culture and Art

The German sociologist Dirk Baecker is one of the most prominent voices within contemporary social systems theory and German sociology, but is not well known within the wider circles of international sociology. He follows in the footsteps of Niklas Luhmann, yet in marked contrast with his ‘sociological master’ Baecker also gives ample attention to the notion of culture. This paper first summarizes some of the main lines in his writings on the notion of culture and on contemporary culture. It then continues with a succinct presentation of Baecker’s approach to artistic communication against the background of this more general characterization of the relationship between the individual and society, conscious sensory perception and communication, in terms of an ‘aesthetic coupling’. It will be shown that a recurrent figure of thought links up Baecker’s various considerations on culture and art, i.e. the inclusion of the excluded.
MMPI Profiles of Adolescents Charged with Homicide

Study of adolescent violence has been impeded by failure to distinguish among the circumstances in which youth engage in violent behavior. The present study investigated MMPI profiles of 36 adolescent murderers and a control group of 18 adolescents charged with larceny. Homicide cases were subgrouped into those who committed homicide secondary to another crime (e.g., robbery or rape) and those who acted in the context of interpersonal conflict with the victim. While there were no significant differences between homicide and larceny groups, crime and conflict subgroups were significantly different on scales F, Hs, Hy, and Sc. Language: en
Predictive factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib therapy using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis

Aims: To investigate variables before sorafenib therapy on the clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving sorafenib and to further assess and compare the predictive performance of continuous parameters using time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Patients and methods: A total of 225 HCC patients were analyzed. We retrospectively examined factors related to overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) using univariate and multivariate analyses. Subsequently, we performed time-dependent ROC analysis of continuous parameters which were significant in the multivariate analysis in terms of OS and PFS. Total sum of area under the ROC in all time points (defined as TAAT score) in each case was calculated. Results: Our cohort included 175 male and 50 female patients (median age, 72 years) and included 158 Child-Pugh A and 67 Child-Pugh B patients. The median OS time was 0.68 years, while the median PFS time was 0.24 years. On multivariate analysis, gender, body mass index (BMI), Child-Pugh classification, extrahepatic metastases, tumor burden, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were identified as significant predictors of OS and ECOG-performance status, Child-Pugh classification and extrahepatic metastases were identified as significant predictors of PFS. Among three continuous variables (i.e., BMI, AST and AFP), AFP had the highest TAAT score for the entire cohort. In subgroup analyses, AFP had the highest TAAT score except for Child-Pugh B and female among three continuous variables. Conclusion: In continuous variables, AFP could have higher predictive accuracy for survival in HCC patients undergoing sorafenib therapy.
Assessorias técnicas no processo autogestionário - possibilidades de atuação

Con la institucion del Banco Nacional de Vivienda en la decada de 1960, se comenzaron a construir miles de unidades de vivienda en Brasil, con una arquitectura estandarizada y descalificada, libre de preocupaciones urbanisticas e sociales. Con el fin del Banco Nacional de Vivienda cobraron vida discusiones y una nueva practica profesional a traves de las asesorias tecnicas y de los movimientos de vivienda, en busca de un modelo autogestionario para la produccion de vivienda. Este articulo busca presentar la trayectoria de la actuacion de las asesorias tecnicas en la ciudad de Sao Paulo a traves de sus primeras relaciones e inclusion de los trabajos cooperativos autogestionarios.
Médecine de la folie ou folie de médecins [Controverse à propos de la chirurgie sexuelle au 19e siècle]

espanolMedicina de la locura o locura de medicos ? Este artfculo estudia la utilizacion de la cirugia sexual sobre las mujeres como tratamiento de la locura en el siglo XIX, en Inglaterra, en los Estados Unidos y en el Canada. Dos episodios son analizados : la utilizacion de la clitoridectomia entre 1855 y 1866 y el recurso a la ovariotomia desde 1807 hasta fines del siglo XIX. Son particularmente examinados los vinculos entre las practicas terapeuticas, los estereotipos medicales y profanos de la feminidad en sus relaciones con la locura y la evolucion del «saber» medical. Finalmente son estudiados los factures sociales, profesionales e ideologicos que intervienen en el abandono de estas practicas excesivas. EnglishSexual Surgery for Psychosis in Nineteenth Century. This paper examines the utilization of sexual surgery on female patients as a treatment for madness in nineteenth century England, the United States, and Canada. Two such episodes are analy sed : the use of clitoridectomy between 1855 and 1866 ; and the resort to ovariotomies from the 1807s through the end of the nineteenth century. Close attention is paid to links between therapeutic practices, lay and medical stereotypes of femininity and its connections with madness, and the evolution of medical «knowledge». Finally, we examine the social, professional, and ideological factors which account for the abandonment of these radical interventions. francaisMedecine de la folie ou folie de medecins ? Cet article etudie l'utilisation de la chirurgie sexuelle sur les femmes comme traitement de la folie au 19e siecle, en Angleterre, aux Etats-Unis et au Canada. Deux episodes sont analyses : l'utilisation de la clitoridectomie entre 1855 et 1866 et le recours a l'ovariotomie de 1807 a la fin du 19e siecle. Sont particulierement examines les liens entre les pratiques therapeutiques, les stereotypes medicaux et profanes de la feminite dans leurs relations avec la folie et l'evolution du «savoir» medical. Enfin sont etudies les facteurs sociaux, professionnels et ideologiques qui interviennent dans l'abandon de ces pratiques extremes. DeutschMedizin der Verruckheit oder Verruckheiten der Mediziner ? Dieser Artikel untersucht den Gebrauch der Geschlechtschirurgie an Frauen als Behandlungsmethode gegen Verruckheit im 19. Jahrhundert in England, den Vereinigten Staaten und Kanada. Zwei Episoden werden naher untersucht : die Verwendung der Klitorisbeschneidung zwischen 1855 und 1866 sowie die operative Entfernung der Eierstocke von 1807 bis zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. Naher untersucht werden die Zusammenhange zwischen den therapeutischen Praktiken, den bei Arzten und Laien vorherrschenden Stereotypen uber Weiblichkeit in ihrem Bezug zur Geisteskrankheit und der Entwicklung des medizinischen «Wissens». Analysiert werden schlieslich die sozialen, beruflichen und ideologischen Faktoren, die bei der Aufgabe dieser extremen Praktiken eine Rolle gespielt haben.
Multicenter Evaluation of a New Screening Test That Detects Clostridium difficile in Fecal Specimens

ABSTRACT Clostridium difficile causes approximately 25% of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrheas and most cases of pseudomembranous colitis. We evaluated C. DIFF CHEK, a new screening test that detects glutamate dehydrogenase of C. difficile. Our results showed that this test was comparable to PCR in sensitivity and specificity and outperformed bacterial culture.
Experimental Transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pregnant Rat to Fetus

ABSTRACT Sprague-Dawley rats were infected on day 20 of pregnancy by intraperitoneal inoculation with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) strains in the presence of C1q but not in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were able to spread from the pregnant rat to the fetus and resulted in fetal mortality. Transmission of DGI and PID strains that are serum resistant (serr) andsac-4 positive but not of a local infection strain that is sers and sac-4 negative was facilitated by the C1q-dependent mechanism. This study provides the first experimental model that may mimic the transmission of gonococcal infection from mother to the fetus during pregnancy.
Nondeterminism and the size of two way finite automata

An important goal of the theory of computation is the classification of languages according to computational difficulty. Classes such as P, NP, and LOGSPACE provide a natural framework for this, though it is a fundamental open problem to demonstrate languages distinguishing them. The complete languages of Cook, Karp, and others [1-7] are candidates for such languages in the sense that, if the classes are in fact different, these languages witness the difference. We consider two questions on regular languages resembling these open problems. One of these questions concerns 2-way non-deterministic (2n) and 2-way deterministic (2d) finite automata:
The effect of extraction angle on endotracheal tube extubation force: Simulation and randomized clinical trial

Objective To evaluate the extraction force generated at different extubation angles using a manikin simulation and a randomized clinical trial. Methods Simulations were performed on a manikin to assess the force generated at extubation angles of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° and 120° relative to the ground. The trial compared extraction force and changes in vital signs in patients undergoing general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation followed by extubation at 60° or 90°. Results The simulation study found that the extubation force was significantly lower at 45° and 60° than at all other extraction angles. In the trial, extubation at 60° resulted in significantly lower extraction force and systolic blood pressure elevation (n = 23) than extubation at 90° (n = 23). Conclusion Findings in a manikin simulation were confirmed by those of a randomized clinical trial, where extubation at 60° required less force than 90°, and was accompanied by less SBP elevation. Extubation at 60° is less invasive than extubation at 90°.
The language of Evaluation: paralinguistic features as a phonological domain for appraisal

In this paper we explore the relationship between the language of evaluation and the use of paralinguistic features in reading aloud, relating Eggins & Slade's (1997) categories of appraisal with Brown's (1990) taxonomy of paralinguistic features. We mainly concentrate on two categories of appraisal: (1) affect, that is the expression of emotional states, and (2) amplification, that is the reader's aloud grading of attitudes and emotions. We present an analysis of part of The Story of Tilly, a story for children beautifully read aloud by Jackie Torrence. It seems to us that this association between paralinguistic features and appraisal may constitute a phonological domain for the description of the language of evaluation beyond the lexico-grammatical level.
A Study of Mindfulness and Self-Care: A Path to Self-Compassion for Female Therapists in Training

Research has shown the prevalence of burnout and “compassion fatigue” in women mental health professionals. Mindfulness training addresses these potential problems, building strategies for both prevention and coping. Training in mindfulness can benefit women psychotherapists-in-training as they handle the stresses of graduate school, and as therapists, in addition to benefiting their future therapy clients. This study explores the impact of a course on mindfulness for psychotherapists-in-training, evaluating outcomes of a 10-week elective course offered at California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University in San Diego, CA.
Convergent Validity of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale with Primary Grade—Level Students

Two convergent validity studies of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS; Epstein & Sharma, 1998), a standardized, norm-referenced instrument for assessing the emotional and behavioral strengths of children, were conducted with primary school—age students. In the first study, the BERS was compared with three social adjustment scales from the Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders (Walker & Severson, 1990), a multigate screening system for identifying children at risk of behavior problems. In the second study, the BERS was compared with the subscales of the Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance (Epstein & Cullinan, 1998), a standardized, norm-referenced scale that assists in the identification of children who qualify for the federal special education category of emotional disturbance. Results indicated that the BERS demonstrated adequate convergent validity. The BERS instrument is recommended for identifying students with special needs, developing strength-based goals and interventions for areas requiring improvement, and evaluating outcomes.
Sex and Sexuality: An Evolutionary View

In this article, I first offer a summary of Darwin’s main ideas, especially relating to sex, and explain how these have been elaborated by more recent evolutionary scholars. I then give an account of the historical divergence between psychoanalysis and classical Darwinian thought, and describe how the early psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein tried to counter this by addressing some biological themes in her work. Following a review of some contemporary attempts to bring psychoanalysis and evolutionary thought into alignment with each other, I make some suggestions regarding a view of sex and sexuality that would be sound in evolutionary terms while also being helpful in psychoanalytic ones.
Characterization of Neutron Beams for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: In-Air Radiobiological Dosimetry

Abstract Yamamoto, T. , Matsumura, A. , Yamamoto, K. , Kumada, H. , Hori, N. , Torii, Y. , Shibata, Y. and Nose, T. Characterization of Neutron Beams for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: In-Air Radiobiological Dosimetry. Radiat. Res. 160, 70–76 (2003). The survival curves and the RBE for the dose components generated in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) were determined separately in neutron beams at Japan Research Reactor No. 4. The surviving fractions of V79 Chinese hamster cells with or without 10B were obtained using an epithermal neutron beam (ENB), a mixed thermal-epithermal neutron beam (TNB-1), and a thermal (TNB-2) neutron beam; these beams were used or are planned for use in BNCT clinical trials. The cell killing effect of the neutron beam in the presence or absence of 10B was highly dependent on the neutron beam used and depended on the epithermal and fast-neutron content of the beam. The RBEs of the boron capture reaction for ENB, TNB-1 and TNB-2 were 4.07 ± 0.22, 2.98 ± 0.16 and 1.42 ± 0.07, respectively. The RBEs of the high-LET dose components based on the hydrogen recoils and the nitrogen capture reaction were 2.50 ± 0.32, 2.34 ± 0.30 and 2.17 ± 0.28 for ENB, TNB-1 and TNB-2, respectively. The RBEs of the neutron and photon components were 1.22 ± 0.16, 1.23 ± 0.16, and 1.21 ± 0.16 for ENB, TNB-1 and TNB-2, respectively. The approach to the experimental determination of RBEs outlined in this paper allows the RBE-weighted dose calculation for each dose component of the neutron beams and contributes to an accurate inter-beam comparison of the neutron beams at the different facilities employed in ongoing and planned BNCT clinical trials.
Perceived Human Resource Management Practices: Their Effect on Employee Absenteeism and Time Allocation at Work

How employees spend their work time can have important consequences for organizations. Although some research has examined the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and employee absence, we know less about whether HRM also affects employees’ time allocation at work. This study examines the role of perceived HRM and psychological processes in explaining employee absence and time allocation in the form of time spent on core task and contextual activities. Besides an avoidance mechanism, linking perceived HRM to absence via lower satisfaction, we propose an approach mechanism linking perceived HRM to time spent on task and contextual activities via satisfaction and willingness to exert extra effort. A study among 1,626 employees of a Dutch governmental organization supports the proposed model.
A Branching-Process-Based Method to Check Soundness of Workflow Systems

Workflow nets (WF-nets) as a class of Petri nets are widely used to model and analyze workflow systems. Soundness is an important property of WF-nets, which guarantees that the systems are deadlock- and livelock-free and each task has a chance to be performed. Van der Aalst has proven that the soundness problem is decidable for WF-nets and we have also shown that it is PSPACE-complete for bounded ones. Since the definition of soundness is based on reachability and Van der Aalst has proven that a sound WF-net must be bounded, the soundness detection can be carried out via the reachability graph analysis. However, the state explosion problem is a big obstacle to this technique. The unfolding technique of Petri nets can effectively avoid/alleviate this problem. This paper proposes an algorithm to generate a finite prefix of the unfolding of a WF-net, called basic unfolding. Furthermore, a necessary and sufficient condition is proposed to decide soundness based on basic unfolding. In addition, some examples illustrate that the unfolding technique can save the storage space effectively.