Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of brain function reorganization in cerebral stroke patients after constraint-induced movement therapy

In this study, stroke patients received constraint-induced movement therapy for 3 weeks. Before and after constraint-induced movement therapy, the flexibility of their upper limbs on the affected side was assessed using the Wolf motor function test, and daily use of their affected limbs was assessed using the movement activities log, and cerebral functional reorganization was assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Wolf motor function test score and the movement activities log quantity and quality scores were significantly increased, while action performance time in the Wolf motor function test was significantly decreased after constraint-induced movement therapy. By functional magnetic resonance imaging examination, only scattered activation points were visible on the affected side before therapy. In contrast, the volume of the activated area was increased after therapy. The activation volume in the sensorimotor area was significantly different before and after therapy, and the activation area increased and appeared adjusted. In addition to the activated area around the lesions being decreased, there were also some new activated areas, including the supplementary movement area, premotor area and the ipsilateral sensorimotor area. Our findings indicate that constraint-induced movement therapy significantly improves the movement ability and daily use of the affected upper limbs in stroke patients and promotes cerebral functional reorganization.
Dimensions of Register Variation: A Cross-Linguistic Comparison

Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. The comprehensive analysis of register variation 3. Sociocultural description of the four language situations 4. The linguistic bases of cross-linguistic register comparisons: a detailed quantitative comparison of English and Somali registers. 5. Methodology 6. Multi-dimensional analyses of the four languages 7. Cross-linguistic patterns of register variation: synchronic similarities and differences 8. Cross-linguistic patterns of register variation: diachronic similarities and differences 9. Registers and text types in English and Somali 10. Towards cross-linguistic universals of register variation Appendices Notes References Index.
Vibration Sensor-Based Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Ellipsoid-ARTMAP and Differential Evolution Algorithms

Effective fault classification of rolling element bearings provides an important basis for ensuring safe operation of rotating machinery. In this paper, a novel vibration sensor-based fault diagnosis method using an Ellipsoid-ARTMAP network (EAM) and a differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed. The original features are firstly extracted from vibration signals based on wavelet packet decomposition. Then, a minimum-redundancy maximum-relevancy algorithm is introduced to select the most prominent features so as to decrease feature dimensions. Finally, a DE-based EAM (DE-EAM) classifier is constructed to realize the fault diagnosis. The major characteristic of EAM is that the sample distribution of each category is realized by using a hyper-ellipsoid node and smoothing operation algorithm. Therefore, it can depict the decision boundary of disperse samples accurately and effectively avoid over-fitting phenomena. To optimize EAM network parameters, the DE algorithm is presented and two objectives, including both classification accuracy and nodes number, are simultaneously introduced as the fitness functions. Meanwhile, an exponential criterion is proposed to realize final selection of the optimal parameters. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, the vibration signals of four types of rolling element bearings under different loads were collected. Moreover, to improve the robustness of the classifier evaluation, a two-fold cross validation scheme is adopted and the order of feature samples is randomly arranged ten times within each fold. The results show that DE-EAM classifier can recognize the fault categories of the rolling element bearings reliably and accurately.
What is journalism?

The history of journalism in elective democracies around the world has been described as the emergence of a professional identity of journalists with claims to an exclusive role and status in society, based on and at times fiercely defended by their occupational ideology. Although the conceptualization of journalism as a professional ideology can be traced throughout the literature on journalism studies, scholars tend to take the building blocks of such an ideology more or less for granted. In this article the ideal-typical values of journalism’s ideology are operationalized and investigated in terms of how these values are challenged or changed in the context of current cultural and technological developments. It is argued that multiculturalism and multimedia are similar and poignant examples of such developments. If the professional identity of journalists can be seen as kept together by the social cement of an occupational ideology of journalism, the analysis in this article shows how journalism in the self-perceptions of journalists has come to mean much more than its modernist bias of telling people what they need to know.
Face detection based on template matching and support vector machines

A face detection algorithm integrating template matching and support vector machines (SVM) is presented. Two types of templates: eyes-in-whole and face itself, are used for coarse filtering, and the SVM classifier is used for classification. A bootstrap method is used to collect non-face samples for SVM training under a template matching constrained subspace, which greatly reduces the complexity of training the SVM. Comparative experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness.
Grid-Based Position Discovery

Wireless embedded systems are becoming an increasingly important part of our lives. Information from such systems is almost exclusively meaningful when it is coupled with location information, or the location information itself is the desired knowledge to obtain. In this paper we explore a special sub-problem of location discovery: determining relative node positions when the nodes to be discovered are in a 2D grid configuration. We developed customized algorithms that leverage this information and compute the mapping between node IDs and the grid cells reliably and accurately, by using available “Received Signal Strength” information that common radio chips provide. We compare our approach to two classical 2D location discovery approaches, fingerprinting and MDS-MAP, on the same constrained configurations. Our simulations show that our methodology outperforms the competitors in various scenarios.
The Acquisition of Causative/Inchoative Verbs in L2 Turkish

This experimental study investigates the relationship between lexical semantics and derivational morphology in the acquisition of causative/inchoative-related verbs in Turkish as a second language (L2) by Spanish and English speakers. Results of a picture judgment task show that although L2 learners have largely acquired the correct lexico-syntactic classification of verbs in Turkish, they were constrained by the morphological patterns of their first language (L1) when learning derivational morphology, especially with causative/inchoative verbs. Results also show failure to reject transitivity errors and inappropriate derivational morphology with unaccusative, unergative, and noncausative/inchoative transitive verbs. The transitivity errors documented are analogous to the overgeneralization errors reported in the L1 and L2 acquisition literature of English and other languages. It is suggested that L2 learners incorrectly adopt the lexico-syntactic representation of change-of-state verbs (the semantic template of an accomplishment) when they are not clear about the event-type classification of a particular verb. In this study, I also suggest that L2 learners are atuned to the rich morphology of Turkish and that the acquisition of derivational morphology and lexical semantics are not dissociated in these interlanguage grammars.
The Role of Input in First Language Acquisition

The current study investigates the accessibility of a systematic pattern to Iranian infants learning their first language, and also it is a try to show the effect of the quantity of input on first language acquisition. To these aims, two case studies were carried out on six Iranian infants learning Persian as their first language. The participants of the first study were three infants acquiring their first language in Iran being followed for 12 months (24-36 months) to see if they all passed the same pattern in language development. The participants of the second study were three infants (who were exposed to less input) acquiring their first language in Iran being followed for 12 months (24-36 months) to see if the language development was affected considering the amount of input they were exposed to. In-depth interviews, observations, audio and video recordings, notes and reports were used to collect the data for this study. The data collected for each infant was analyzed separately, and the stages of development were reported for each infant accordingly. The findings support the claim that the process of language acquisition depends on an innate language ability which holds that at least some linguistic knowledge exists in humans at birth, and also the input that learners receive plays a very important role in the language acquisition since the input activates this innate structure.
Second Language Proficiency and Acculturation: An Investigation of the Effects of Language Status and Individual Characteristics

The present study investigates the relationship between language status and individual differences in attitudes and motivation as they relate to proficiency and acculturation in a second language. All respondents were Francophone university students with either a minority (n = 110) or a majority background (nn = 183). They were requested to fill out a questionnaire including measures of ethnolinguistic vitality, attitudes and motivation as well as to participate in an interview aimed at assessing their oral proficiency in English as a second language. Analyses of the data show that minority group members evidence more self-confidence in their ability to use the second language and greater proficiency in the second language than majority group members. Level of acculturation was a function of proficiency in the second language and an interactive function of language status and frequency of contact. Correlational analyses revealed that proficiency and acculturation were most strongly associated with self-confidence. Attitudes and motivation neither had an important influence on language outcome nor were they influenced by language status. These results are discussed for their theoretical implications and with reference to second language education programmes.
“Enjoyment Hypothesis” and Obesity

Obesity is a disease refers to an excess of fat that is characterized by Body Mass Index (BMI)> 30 kg/m 2 . Like most diseases, when the obesity is more severe, its control and treatment is more complex and its complications are higher. Obesity can be a genetic, secondary or primary disease. Years ago, it has been found that overeating and inactivity have an essential role in the development of obesity and depression and/or anxiety are the most important psychological factors associated with obesity. Everybody knows that in most cases, the treatment of obesity is associated with a partial response or failure. I always ask this question, which is common in obese people? Why do some people become obese and others do not? Why do some obese people respond to the treatment of obesity and some do not? I found the answer to this question that the significant amount of the joy of life for obese people, is eating and if you deprive them of eating, they will miss the main pleasure of their life. Many years of practice in medicine led me to create a hypothesis in my mind, which I called “Enjoyment Hypothesis”. This hypothesis states that all of people need to enjoy and enjoyment of life is an essential requirement. The quantity and quality of enjoyment depends on age and gender. Also cultural, socioeconomic, religion, geographic, race parameters affect it. For every people Enjoyment should be balanced even saturated as much as possible. Each people have a “Total Enjoyment Capacity” (TEC) which is: TEC= E 1 +E 2 +E 3 +…+E e . To boil it down, if we can provide multiple ways and methods for obese people to enjoy their life in order to reduce the role of eating in life for enjoying along with correct dietary therapy, proper activity and exercise programs and removing the possible secondary causes of obesity, we can decrease and treat the obesity.
Analysis of SnO2|WO3 Heterocontact Properties during the Detection of Hydrogen Sulphide

The main objective of the paper was the analysis of the properties of SnO2|WO3 heterocontact as well as the determination of its response to 50 ppm of hydrogen sulphide. It was noticed that the sensitivity of the sensor being tested to hydrogen sulphide depended significantly on the polarization direction. When its parameters were compared with those of sensors the gas-sensitive layer of which was made only from one type of metal oxide, a high impact of the heterocontact on the electric charge transport was noticed. The value of the activation energy of the electric conductivity is clearly dependent on the polarization direction. A mechanism of physicochemical processes occurring in a planar sensor with a heterocontact was suggested, and three areas differing in the width of depleted layer, where the inter-phase boundary of SnO2|WO3 had the most essential impact on the parameters of the sensor being tested, were distinguished and described.
Bound to interact: The divergent goals and complex interplay of attachment and sex within romantic relationships

Attachment and sexual mating are distinct behavioral systems that serve different evolutionary functions. Although their behavioral manifestations may occur in isolation, romantic partners typically function simultaneously as sexual partners and as attachment figures. In recent years, researchers have focused their attention on the complex interplay between attachment processes and the sexual aspects of romantic love. In this manuscript, I review research that demonstrates the reciprocal relationship between these two systems. I also present new findings concerning whether and how reactions characteristic of the sexual system serve attachment-related goals, primarily in situations that call for distress regulation, and how these reactions are moderated by attachment insecurities. The research conducted to date points to the need for us to understand how the attachment and sexual systems mutually influence each other at different stages of relationship development.
Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings.

Cross-study differences in the contributions of work attitudes to the turnover process led us to (a) estimate the six relations among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention/withdrawal cognitions, and turnover using meta-analysis; (b) assess the effects of several psychometric moderators on those relations; and (c) compare the influences of satisfaction and commitment in the turnover process by applying path analysis to the meta-analytic correlations. Based on aggregations involving a total of 178 independent samples from 155 studies, results showed that (a) satisfaction and commitment each contribute independently to the prediction of intention/cognitions; (b) intention/cognitions are predicted more strongly by satisfaction than by commitment; (c) intention/cognitions mediate nearly all of the attitu-dinal linkage with turnover; and (d) attitudinal contributions to the turnover process vary with the use of single- versus multi-item scales, the 9- versus 15-item version of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, and turnover intention versus withdrawal cognition scales.
Organization of Major Telencephalic Pathways in an Elasmobranch, the Thornback Ray Platyrhinoidis triseriata

The forebrain of elasmobranchs is well developed, and in some species the relative brain/body weight is comparable to that in mammals. However, little is known about the organization of major telencephalic pathways. We injected biotinylated dextran amines into the olfactory bulb, lateral pallium, dorsomedial pallium, and the forebrain bundles of the thornback ray, Platyrhinoidis triseriata. Secondary olfactory fibers from the bulb innervate the lateral pallium, the ventral division of the rostral telencephalon and area superficialis basalis. Retrogradely labeled cells were seen exclusively in the lateral periventricular area. The projections of the lateral pallium appeared basically similar to those of the olfactory bulb, but labeling was much denser in the superficial part of area basalis. Some fibers were also seen to innervate the posterior tuberal nucleus. Injections into the dorsomedial pallium revealed a major input from area basalis. Only a few cells were retrogradely labeled in the dorsal thalamus and posterior lateral thalamic nucleus. Major efferents of the dorsomedial pallium appear to reach the contralateral inferior lobe of the hypothalamus and the lateral mesencephalic nucleus. Tracer injections into the forebrain bundles retrogradely labeled many cells in the diencephalon and the mesencephalon and also revealed terminal fields in area superficialis basalis. In addition, a large number of cells were labeled in the dorsomedial pallium. Descending telencephalic fibers innervate heavily the inferior lobes and the lateral mesencephalic nucleus. Our results show that higher order olfactory pathway courses from the lateral pallium through area basalis to the dorsomedial pallium and that ascending non-olfactory input is integrated in area superficialis basalis and the dorsal pallium along with olfactory information, rather than being processed in separate, non-olfactory centers.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Increased Arterial Intima-Media Thickness in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

Background—Endothelial dysfunction may play a pathophysiological role in the development of atherosclerosis in subjects with type 1 diabetes. We examined whether alterations in vascular endothelial function exist in children with type 1 diabetes and tested the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction is associated with early structural atherosclerotic vascular changes in these children. Methods and Results—Noninvasive ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) responses and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 75 children (mean age 11±2 years), 45 with type 1 diabetes (diabetes duration 4.4±2.9 years) and 30 healthy control children. Children with diabetes had lower peak FMD response (4.4±3.4% versus 8.7±3.6%, P <0.001) and increased IMT (P <0.001) compared with controls. Sixteen children with diabetes (36%) had endothelial dysfunction defined as total FMD response in the lowest decile for normal children. These children had increased carotid IMT (0.58±0.05 versus 0.54±0.04 mm, P =0.01) and higher LDL cholesterol concentration (2.63±0.76 versus 2.16±0.60 mmol/L, P =0.03) compared with diabetic children without endothelial dysfunction. Multivariate correlates of increased IMT included diabetes group (P =0.03), low FMD (P =0.03), and high LDL cholesterol (P =0.08). Conclusions—Impaired FMD response is a common manifestation in children with type 1 diabetes and is associated with increased carotid artery IMT. These data suggest that endothelial dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes may predispose them to the development of early atherosclerosis.
Influence of periodontal therapy on C-reactive protein level: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The influence of oral infections, especially periodontal disease, on systemic diseases has been extensively discussed in the literature. Because periodontal disease is a persistent infection, it promotes an inflammatory response. C-reactive protein is a marker for inflammatory reactions that is frequently studied, since elevated levels of this protein are related to coronary events. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal therapy on reducing the serum levels of C-reactive protein, by means of a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Material and Methods A systematic review of the English-language literature was conducted in the PUBMED-MEDLINE database, using the key words "periodontal disease", "C-reactive protein", "periodontal therapy" and "periodontal treatment", in accordance with the terms for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on C-reactive protein levels. A qualitative analysis of studies of randomized clinical trial design was performed using CONSORT, with subsequent meta-analysis. Results The literature search initially retrieved 46 potentially relevant studies available in the databases. From these, in accordance with the inclusion criteria, only 11 were selected, of which only 4 fulfilled the criteria of randomized clinical trial design. According to CONSORT, the studies evaluated generally presented good quality with regard to the criteria analyzed. Through meta-analysis, the reduction in mean levels of C-reactive protein (-0.231; p=0.000) after introducing periodontal treatment was estimated. The result was statistically significant, without evidence of heterogeneity between the studies (p=0.311). Conclusions The findings indicated that non-surgical periodontal treatment had a positive effect with regard to reduction of the serum levels of C-reactive protein.
Mucous-Flap Method for Cleft-Lip Revision Using Transverse Everted Full-Length Lower-Lip Flap

In patients who had undergone the first surgery for cleft lip and in whom the volume of tissue was smaller for the upper lip than for the lower lip, transfer of tissue from the lower lip using a full-length mucous flap allowed the tissue volume of the upper lip to be increased and external appearance of the lips to be improved. The subjects of this study were 6 patients who underwent this surgery between February and September 2001 and were followed for up to 3 years postoperatively. This surgery can be performed under topical anesthesia, without necessitating restriction on mouth opening and oral ingestion. Furthermore, it allows easy adjustment of the tissue volume in both upper and lower lips. This operative procedure is recommended for cases of cleft lip where surgical treatment has been performed before and the tissue volume is smaller in the upper prolabium than in the vermilion.
Applications of optimal time‐domain beamforming

Applications to ocean acoustic data from a towed array and to speech processing are presented for an improved optimal time‐domain beamformer, which involves optimizing over all possible source bearings and time series for multiple sources using simulated annealing. The convergence of the parameter search is accelerated by accepting time series perturbations only when the energy decreases. A comparison with the conventional delay‐and‐sum beamformer illustrates that the optimal beamformer handles larger receiver spacing and larger source‐to‐receiver ratio. Periodic ambiguities are essentially eliminated by using irregular receiver spacing and the improved search algorithm. Weak sources are handled with fractional beamforming. Noise cancellation is possible if the parameters of the noise are included in the search space. Two‐dimensional localization is performed for nearby sources.