Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Learning for Web Design

Recursive neural networks (RNNs) have been successful for structured prediction in domains such as language and image processing. These techniques imposed structure onto sentences or images for more effective learning. However, in domains such as Web design, structure is explicitly embedded in the Document Object Model, so structured prediction can be done using the natural hierarchy of Web pages. This characteristic also allows for features to be inserted at each node of the RNN rather than only using features at the leaves. We show that for structural label prediction, this technique outperforms the baseline by 8%, though it performs poorly for style labels for reasons that are likely a result of suboptimal data.
BioAR: Anaphora Resolution for Relating Protein Names to Proteome Database Entries

The need for associating, or grounding, protein names in the literature with the entries of proteome databases such as Swiss-Prot is well-recognized. The protein names in the biomedical literature show a high degree of morphological and syntactic variations, and various anaphoric expressions including null anaphors. We present a biomedical anaphora resolution system, BioAR, in order to address the variations of protein names and to further associate them with Swiss-Prot entries as the actual entities in the world. The system shows the performance of 59.5% (cid:2) 75.0% precision and 40.7% (cid:2) 56.3% recall, depending on the speci(cid:2)c types of anaphoric expressions. We apply BioAR to the protein names in the biological interactions as extracted by our biomedical information extraction system, or BioIE, in order to construct protein pathways automatically.
Chemokines in cancer

Chemokines are small, chemotactic cytokines that direct migration of leukocytes, activate inflammatory responses and participate in many other pleiotropic functions, including regulation of tumour growth. Chemokines modulate tumour behaviour by three important mechanisms: regulation of tumour-associated angiogenesis, activation of a host tumour-specific immunological response, and direct stimulation of tumour cell proliferation in an autocrine fashion. All of these mechanisms are promising points of cancer intervention, and preclinical mouse models suggest that chemokine antagonists and agonists could become important in the development of new anticancer therapies.
White Matter Organization in Cervical Spinal Cord Relates Differently to Age and Control of Grip Force in Healthy Subjects

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to elucidate relations between CNS structure and function. We hypothesized that the degree of spinal white matter organization relates to the accuracy of control of grip force. Healthy subjects of different age were studied using DTI and visuomotor tracking of precision grip force. The latter is a prime component of manual dexterity. A regional analysis of spinal white matter [fractional anisotropy (FA)] across multiple cervical levels (C2–C3, C4–C5, and C6–C7) and in different regions of interest (left and right lateral or medial spinal cord) was performed. FA was highest at the C2–C3 level, higher on the right than the left side, and higher in the lateral than in the medial spinal cord (p < 0.001). FA of whole cervical spinal cord (C2–C7) was lower in subjects with high tracking error (r = −0.56, p = 0.004) and decreased with age (r = −0.63, p = 0.001). A multiple regression analysis revealed an independent contribution of each predictor (semipartial correlations: age, r = −0.55, p < 0.001; tracking error, r = −0.49, p = 0.003). The closest relation between FA and tracking error was found at the C6–C7 level in the lateral spinal cord, in which the corticospinal tract innervates spinal circuitry controlling hand and digit muscles. FA of the medial spinal cord correlated consistently with age across all cervical levels, whereas FA of the lateral spinal cord did not. The results suggest (1) a functionally relevant specialization of lateral spinal cord white matter and (2) an increased sensitivity to age-related decline in medial spinal cord white matter in healthy subjects.
Heart Rate–Based Prediction of Fixed Blood Lactate Thresholds in Professional Team-Sport Players

Abstract Garcia-Tabar, I, Llodio, I, Sánchez-Medina, L, Ruesta, M, Ibañez, J, and Gorostiaga, EM. Heart rate–based prediction of fixed blood lactate thresholds in professional team-sport players. J Strength Cond Res 29(10): 2794–2801, 2015—The aim of this study was to investigate whether the speed associated with 90% of maximal heart rate (S90%HRmax) could predict speeds at fixed blood lactate concentrations of 3 mmol·L−1 (S3mM) and 4 mmol·L−1 (S4mM). Professional team-sport players of futsal (n = 10), handball (n = 16), and basketball (n = 10) performed a 4-stage discontinuous progressive running test followed, if exhaustion was not previously achieved, by an additional maximal continuous incremental running test to attain maximal heart rate (HRmax). The individual S3mM, S4mM, and S90%HRmax were determined by linear interpolation. S3mM (11.6 ± 1.5 km·h−1) and S4mM (12.5 ± 1.4 km·h−1) did not differ (p > 0.05) from S90%HRmax (12.0 ± 1.2 km·h−1). Very large significant (p < 0.001) relationships were found between S90%HRmax and S3mM (r = 0.82; standard error of the estimates [SEE] = 0.87 km·h−1), as well as between S90%HRmax and S4mM (r = 0.82; SEE = 0.87 km·h−1). S3mM and S4mM inversely correlated with %HRmax associated with running speeds of 10 and 12 km·h−1 (r = 0.78–0.81; p < 0.001; SEE = 0.94–0.87 km·h−1). In conclusion, S3mM and S4mM can be accurately predicted by S90%HRmax in professional team-sport players.
Hedging Forward Positions: Basis Risk Versus Liquidity Costs

Consider an agent with a forward position of an illiquid asset (e.g., a commodity) that has to be closed before delivery. Suppose that the liquidity of the asset increases as the delivery date approaches. Assume further that the agent has two possibilities for hedging the risk inherent in the forward position: first, he can enter customized forward contracts; second, he can acquire standardized and liquidly traded forward contracts. We assume that purchasing customized forwards perfectly eliminates the risk but entails high liquidity costs charged by the counterparty. The standardized forwards can be acquired at considerably lower costs but do not perfectly match the agent's risk and hence entail basis risk. By means of stochastic control we show how to obtain an optimal trade-off between liquidity costs and basis risk. To this end we reduce the hedging problem to a family of stopping problems. In two case studies we consider simple liquidity dynamics for which optimal hedging strategies can be calculated.
Theory of dephasing relaxation of excitonic polaritons.

A detailed theory is developed for the dephasing relaxation of the excitonic polariton which was measured recently by Masumoto, Shionoya, and Takagahara [Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 923 (1983)] in samples of CuCl crystal by means of nondegenerate four-wave mixing. The concept of dephasing (transverse) relaxation of the excitonic polariton is clarified for the first time and the conceptual difference between the dephasing relaxation of the localized excitation and of the excitonic polariton is emphasized. A method of analysis of the experimental data of the nondegenerate four-wave mixing is presented in detail. The various mechanisms of dephasing relaxation of the excitonic polariton are discussed and examined quantitatively. It is found that the mutual collision among excitonic polaritons is the most probable mechanism that gives the correct order of magnitude of the dephasing relaxation rate and leads to reasonable energy dependence of the relaxation rate in agreement with the experimental results.
Interstellar Turbulence II: Implications and Effects

▪ Abstract Interstellar turbulence has implications for the dispersal and mixing of the elements, cloud chemistry, cosmic ray scattering, and radio wave propagation through the ionized medium. This review discusses the observations and theory of these effects. Metallicity fluctuations are summarized, and the theory of turbulent transport of passive tracers is reviewed. Modeling methods, turbulent concentration of dust grains, and the turbulent washout of radial abundance gradients are discussed. Interstellar chemistry is affected by turbulent transport of various species between environments with different physical properties and by turbulent heating in shocks, vortical dissipation regions, and local regions of enhanced ambipolar diffusion. Cosmic rays are scattered and accelerated in turbulent magnetic waves and shocks, and they generate turbulence on the scale of their gyroradii. Radio wave scintillation is an important diagnostic for small-scale turbulence in the ionized medium, giving information abou.
Bipartite Graph Based Entity Ranking for Related Entity Finding

Related entity finding (REF) is a promising application, which aims to return a list of related entities given a query that describes the source entity, the specific type of target entities, and the relation between the source entity and target entities. One typical entity ranking strategy is to rank the candidate entities based on the co-occurrence between the candidate entities and the given query. However, such a strategy is inadequate to rank entities properly especially for those related but unpopular entities. In this paper, we propose a bipartite graph based entity ranking method, which leverage the Co-List relationship between candidate entities (i.e., entities co-occurring in the same structured/unstructured lists) to help improve the entity ranking. Specifically, we first estimate the initial relevance scores for the candidate entities based on a generative probabilistic model. We then construct a bipartite graph based on Co-List relation between candidate entities, and apply an iterative refinement process analogous to heat diffusion on the graph to propagate the relevance scores over entities. Finally the candidate entities are ranked according to their refined scores. We further develop an optimization framework for the iterative refinement process in our ranking method. Experimental results on the data collection from the TREC 2010 Entity Track show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
No Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Status or Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Subjects With Prediabetes

OBJECTIVE In observational studies, low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with insulin resistance and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We present 1-year data from an ongoing 5-year trial in 511 individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) randomly assigned to 20,000 IU/week vitamin D3 or placebo. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline and after 1 year. RESULTS Mean baseline serum 25(OH)D was 59.9 nmol/L and 61.1 nmol/L in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively, and increased by 45.8 nmol/L and 3.4 nmol/L, respectively. With adjustment for baseline concentrations, no differences in measures of glucose metabolism, insulin secretion or sensitivity, blood pressure, or hs-CRP were found after 1 year. There was a slight, but significant decrease in total and LDL cholesterol in the vitamin D group compared with the placebo group, but as there was also a decrease in HDL cholesterol, the change in the total/HDL cholesterol ratio did not differ significantly. Only analyzing subjects with 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L did not change the results. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that vitamin D supplementation does not improve glycemic indices, blood pressure, or lipid status in subjects with IFG and/or IGT.
Distribution of Staphylococcus Species among Human Clinical Specimens and Emended Description ofStaphylococcus caprae

ABSTRACT By DNA-DNA hybridization on microplates, we identified 1,230 strains of staphylococci from human clinical specimens and determined the distribution of species. The 10 Staphylococcus species isolated most often were S. epidermidis(31.3%), S. aureus (23.3%), S. haemolyticus(12.2%), S. caprae (10.7%), S. simulans(4.4%), S. hominis (4.0%), S. capitis (3.9%), S. saprophyticus (3.6%), S. warneri (2.2%), and S. lugdunensis (1.3%). From these results, we realized that S. caprae strains were widely distributed in human clinical specimens. The description inBergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology indicates that no strains of S. caprae produce acid from fructose and mannitol, but all our S. caprae strains produced acid from fructose and mannitol. Consequently, many strains of S. caprae isolated from human clinical specimens have been misidentified as S. haemolyticus or S. hominis by conventional biochemical tests. In this paper, we propose an emended description of S. caprae.
Dynamically focalized information service for command & control: It feels your requirements!

Military operational C2 (command & control) requires dynamically focalized information for support. Internet search engines do not meet such requirement, as they don't care who is making what decision, and needs what information for support. It is found that commanders of same type, executing similar tasks, have similar information requirements. By this idea, a knowledge based method is proposed to enable machine to dynamically feel user requirements and serve focalized information. It is proved feasible to improve commander decision making efficiency.
Measurement properties of the CLOX Executive Clock Drawing Task in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation setting.

OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the CLOX Executive Clock Drawing Task (Royall, Cordes, & Polk, 1998) in persons who had sustained a stroke and were receiving inpatient rehabilitation. METHOD Rasch modeling was utilized to examine the psychometric properties of the CLOX. Separate analyses were conducted for the free draw (CLOX 1) and copy (CLOX 2) portions of the measure to investigate each presentation mode independently. The sample consisted of 66 inpatient adults who had sustained a stroke. RESULTS CLOX 1 met most Rasch model expectations for item fit, unidimensionality, test reliability, and sample targeting. CLOX 2 was less psychometrically sound and contained two items with significant misfit. CLOX 2 demonstrated a significant ceiling effect that resulted in poor sample targeting. CONCLUSIONS CLOX 1 is a psychometrically sound screening instrument for assessing persons with stroke receiving inpatient rehabilitation. In addition to the psychometric weaknesses of CLOX 2, its interpretive yield is minimal and clinicians may consider omitting it. Recommendations are made for using the Rasch item-person maps in clinical practice.
Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Liquids

Abstract Production processes for carbon nanotubes often produce mixtures of solid morphologies that are mechanically entangled or that self‐associate into aggregates. Entangled or aggregated nanoparticles often need to be dispersed into fluid suspensions in order to develop materials that have unique mechanical characteristics or transport properties. This paper reviews the effects of milling, ultrasonication, high shear flow, elongational flow, functionalization, and surfactant and dispersant systems on morphology of carbon nanotubes and their interactions in the fluid phase. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been used as an example model system for experimental work because they have been available in engineering‐scale quantities and can be dispersed reproducibly in a variety of solvents and polymers. Their size scales, ∼30–50 nm in average diameter and ∼5–50 microns in length, permit MWNT dispersions to be investigated using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in some cases, light microscopy.
Ambiguity from the Differential Viewpoint

The objective of this paper is to show how ambiguity, and a decision maker (DM)'s response to it, can be modelled formally in the context of a very general decision model. In the first part of the paper we introduce an "unambiguous preference" relation derived from the DM's preferences, and show that it can be represented by a set of probability measures. We provide such set with a simple differential interpretation and argue that it represents the DM's perception of the "ambiguity" present in the decision problem. Given the notion of ambiguity, we show that preferences can be represented so as to provide an intuitive representation of ambiguity attitudes. In the second part of the paper we provide some extensions and "applications" of these ideas. We present an axiomatic characterization of the "alfa"-MEU decision rule. We also consider a simple dynamic choice setting and show the characterization of the updating rule that revises every prior in the afore-mentioned set by Bayes's rule; i.e., the generalized Bayesian updating rule.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Central Bank Transparency and Nonlinear Learning Dynamics Central Bank Transparency and Nonlinear Learning Dynamics

This paper presents preliminary findings and is being distributed to economists and other interested readers solely to stimulate discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in the paper are those of the author and are not necessarily reflective of views at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the author. Abstract Central bank communication plays an important role in shaping market participants' expectations. This paper studies a simple nonlinear model of monetary policy in which agents have incomplete information about the economic environment. It shows that agents' learning and the dynamics of the economy are heavily affected by central bank transparency about its policy rule. A central bank that does not communicate its rule can induce " learning equilibria " in which the economy alternates between periods of deflation coupled with low output and periods of high economic activity with excessive inflation. More generally, initial beliefs that are arbitrarily close to the inflation target equilibrium can result in complex economic dynamics, resulting in welfare-reducing fluctuations. On the contrary, central bank communication of policy rules helps stabilize expectations around the inflation target equilibrium. for useful comments and discussions. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System.
Comparing MUCK-II and MUC-3: Assessing the Difficulty of Different Tasks

The natural language community has made impressive progress in evaluation over the last four years. However, as the evaluations become more sophisticated and more ambitious, a fundamental problem emerges: how to compare results across changing evaluation paradigms. When we change domain, task, and scoring procedures, as has been the case from MUCK-I to MUCK-II to MUC-3, we lose comparability of results. This makes it difficult to determine whether the field has made progress since the last evaluation. Part of the success of the MUC conferences has been due to the incremental approach taken to system evaluation. Over the four year period of the three conferences, the domain has become more "realistic", the task has become more ambitious and specified in much greater detail, and the scoring procedures have evolved to provide a largely automated scoring mechanism. This process has been critical to demonstrating the utility of the overall evaluation process. However we still need some way to assess overall progress of the field, and thus we need to compare results and task difficulty of MUC-3 relative to MUCK-II.
A Classifier Ensemble Algorithm Based on Improved RSM for High Dimensional Steganalysis

Today, ensemble learning algorithms are proposed to address the challenges of high dimensional classiﬁcation for steganalysis caused by the curse of dimensionality and obtain superior performance. In this paper, we propose a classiﬁer ensemble algo-rithm based on improved Random Subspace Method (RSM) for high-dimensional blind steganalysis. Firstly, sequential forward selection (SFS) algorithm is adopted to select part of features with high classiﬁcation ability as ﬁxed subset, so that the original feature space is partitioned into two parts: ﬁxed subset and remaining feature subset, then the ﬁnal feature subset is formed by selecting features randomly in each part according to the given sampling rate. Secondly, each base classiﬁer is trained on the feature subset and the weight of each classiﬁer is computed according to the classiﬁcation accuracy and mutual information. Finally, the ﬁnal decision is yielded using the weighted voting. Experiments with the steganographic algorithms HUGO demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can eﬀectively increase the classiﬁcation accuracy, in most cases, the detection accuracy is better than RSM and other classical classiﬁer ensemble methods.
Proposal Doctor of Philosophy Title : Meld : A Logical Approach to Programming Ensembles Date of Submission : ? ? ? ?

Concurrent systems are notoriously difficult to program. They suffer from such problems as race conditions, deadlocks, and livelocks in addition to all the bugs encountered in sequential programs. Better methods are necessary to write correct programs for concurrent systems. In this thesis I will focus on a class of concurrent systems call ‘ensembles’. An ensemble is a massively distributed system in which the topology varies over time. Modular robotic systems and sensor networks are examples of ensembles. I posit that the logic programming paradigm is a good match for programming ensembles. A logic program is an inherently parallel representation. Each rule of a logic program expresses a single unit of computation. Rules can be evaluated in any order that preserves the dependencies between them. This implicit parallelism allows the programmer to focus on the program while the compiler and run-time distribute it across an ensemble. Thesis Statement: Logic programming is well-suited for ensemble programming. It permits us to express algorithms in a way that can be executed efficiently and reasoned about easily. In support of this thesis, I have designed and implemented Meld v1.0 [1], an expressive logic programming language for concurrent systems. Meld programs are distributed across an ensemble by the compiler and run-time, making use of the implicit parallelism in the logic programming representation. Meld programs are concise and amenable to proof, as demonstrated in the proofs of correctness of Dewey et al.’s meta-module planner [2], which showed the planner to be free of race conditions, deadlocks, and livelocks. Meld v1.0 programs already run on multi-million-robot simulations of Claytronics [3], Blinky Blocks [4], and multi-core machines. In this thesis, I propose Meld v2.0 for programming ensembles. I will extend Meld v1.0 to be more expressive (details in proposal document). I will explore the logical foundations of Meld, providing a clear definition of Meld v2.0’s semantics and an understanding of Meld’s basis in logic. I will prove correctness properties of other Meld programs. And I will analyze the fault tolerance of Meld programs.