Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Distributed Scheduling Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless multi-hop, mesh networks are being considered as a candidate to backhaul data traffic from access networks to the wired Internet. These mesh networks are referred to as wireless backhaul networks. Existing medium access control (MAC) protocols and scheduling algorithms are devised for wireless access. So although they have been adopted for the wireless backhaul networks, they do not yield good performance. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed scheduling algorithm, composed of a framework and a new utility function definition, for wireless backhaul networks. We show by analysis and simulation that in a long run the algorithm converges to the desired throughput allocation, which can be specified by the routing protocol in use to guarantee quality of service. Moreover, in terms of interference, we show that our framework maintains strong temporal correlation of interference, which is required to ensure proper channel predictions for scheduling gain and for distributed power control. Finally, simulation results reveal that the new algorithm takes advantage of the multi-user diversity in achieving high overall network throughput, when compared with the tree-structure algorithm.
A Computational Approach to Analyzing Online Knowledge Sharing Interaction

This research aims to support collaborative distance learners by demonstrating a new way to analyze online knowledge sharing interactions. Our approach applies Hidden Markov Models and Multidimensional Scaling to analyze and assess sequences of coded online student interaction. These analysis techniques were used to train a system to dynamically recognize (1) when students are having trouble learning the new concepts they share with each other, and (2) why they are having trouble. The results of this research may assist an instructor or intelligent coach in understanding and mediating situations in which groups of students collaborate to share their knowledge.
When Etiquette Really Matters: Relational Agents and Behavior Change

Etiquette is about adhering to prescribed norms in social interactions, or about negotiating and making explicit interactional norms when they do not already exist. While these play a role in most realms of human interaction, the establishment of such norms has been demonstrated to be especially crucial in domains in which a person is attempting to undergo a change in behavior or cognitive or affective state. In the field of psychotherapy, the construct of working alliance has been demonstrated to have a significant correlation with outcomes across a broad range of therapies, and has been hypothesized to be the single common factor underlying the therapeutic benefit of therapies ranging from behavioral and cognitive therapies to psychodynamic therapy [6]. The working alliance is one dimension of the relationship between the therapist and patient, based on trust and belief in each other as team-members in achieving a desired outcome [4]. The working alliance has three subcomponents: a goal component (the therapist and client agree on the goals of the therapy); a task component (the therapist and client agree on the therapeutic tasks to be performed); and a bond component (reflecting the trusting, empathetic relationship between the client and therapist). The alliance is thus a change-inducing relationship in which the interactional norms (goals and tasks) have been made explicit and are understood and agreed to by both the therapist and the patient.
Discerning Neurogenic vs. Non-Neurogenic Postnatal Lateral Ventricular Astrocytes via Activity-Dependent Input

Throughout development, neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to differentiated neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes which together modulate perception, memory, and behavior in the adult nervous system. To understand how NSCs contribute to postnatal/adult brain remodeling and repair after injury, the lateral ventricular (LV) neurogenic niche in the rodent postnatal brain serves as an excellent model system. It is a specialized area containing self-renewing GFAP+ astrocytes functioning as NSCs generating new neurons throughout life. In addition to this now well-studied regenerative process, the LV niche also generates differentiated astrocytes, playing an important role for glial scar formation after cortical injury. While LV NSCs can be clearly distinguished from their neuroblast and oligodendrocyte progeny via molecular markers, the astrocytic identity of NSCs has complicated their distinction from terminally-differentiated astrocytes in the niche. Our current models of postnatal/adult LV neurogenesis do not take into account local astrogenesis, or the possibility that cellular markers may be similar between non-dividing GFAP+ NSCs and their differentiated astrocyte daughters. Postnatal LV neurogenesis is regulated by NSC-intrinsic mechanisms interacting with extracellular/niche-driven cues. It is generally believed that these local effects are responsible for sustaining neurogenesis, though behavioral paradigms and disease states have suggested possibilities for neural circuit-level modulation. With recent experimental findings that neuronal stimulation can directly evoke responses in LV NSCs, it is possible that this exciting property will add a new dimension to identifying postnatal/adult NSCs. Here, we put forth a notion that neural circuit-level input can be a distinct characteristic defining postnatal/adult NSCs from non-neurogenic astroglia.
Upregulation of α7 Nicotinic Receptors by Acetylcholinesterase C-Terminal Peptides

Background The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is well known as a potent calcium ionophore that, in the brain, has been implicated in excitotoxicity and hence in the underlying mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Previous research implied that the activity of this receptor may be modified by exposure to a peptide fragment derived from the C-terminal region of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This investigation was undertaken to determine if the functional changes observed could be attributed to peptide binding interaction with the α7-nAChR, or peptide modulation of receptor expression. Methodology/Principal Findings This study provides evidence that two peptides derived from the C-terminus of acetylcholinesterase, not only selectively displace specific bungarotoxin binding at the α7-nAChR, but also alter receptor binding properties for its familiar ligands, including the alternative endogenous agonist choline. Of more long-term significance, these peptides also induce upregulation of α7-nAChR mRNA and protein expression, as well as enhancing receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane. Conclusions/Significance The results reported here demonstrate a hitherto unknown relationship between the α7-nAChR and the non-enzymatic functions of acetylcholinesterase, mediated independently by its C-terminal domain. Such an interaction may prove valuable as a pharmacological tool, prompting new approaches for understanding, and combating, the process of neurodegeneration.
Design and implementation of DSP-based voltage frequency conversion system

This paper presents a voltage frequency conversion system with Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The digital control is used to achieve the variable frequency control. The topology of the proposed system is two-stage converter, where the first stage is a power factor correction (PFC) circuit and the second stage is a single-phase full-bridge inverter circuit. The PFC can control input AC voltage, which can achieve high input power factor. Otherwise, it also can supply a regulated DC bus voltage for the full-bridge inverter. The variable output voltage frequency can be controlled in the full-bridge inverter by using the DSP. Finally, a prototype system operates frequency varied from 50 to 400Hz is designed and implemented. The experimental results validate the advantages of the proposed variable frequency control.
Two Di-Leucine Motifs Regulate Trafficking of Mucolipin-1 to Lysosomes

Mutations in the mucolipin‐1 gene have been linked to mucolipidosis type IV, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by severe neurological and ophthalmologic abnormalities. Mucolipin‐1 is a membrane protein containing six putative transmembrane domains with both its N‐ and C‐termini localized facing the cytosol. To gain information on the sorting motifs that mediate the trafficking of this protein to lysosomes, we have generated chimeras in which the N‐ and C‐ terminal tail portions of mucolipin‐1 were fused to a reporter gene. In this article, we report the identification of two separate di‐leucine‐type motifs that co‐operate to regulate the transport of mucolipin‐1 to lysosomes. One di‐leucine motif is positioned at the N‐terminal cytosolic tail and mediates direct transport to lysosomes, whereas the other di‐leucine motif is found at the C‐terminal tail and functions as an adaptor protein 2‐dependent internalization motif. We have also found that the C‐terminal tail of mucolipin‐1 is palmitoylated and that this modification might regulate the efficiency of endocytosis. Finally, the mutagenesis of both di‐leucine motifs abrogated lysosomal accumulation and resulted in cell‐surface redistribution of mucolipin‐1. Taken together, these results reveal novel information regarding the motifs that regulate mucolipin‐1 trafficking and suggest a role for palmitoylation in protein sorting.
Intelligent Interactive Displays in Vehicles with Intent Prediction: A Bayesian framework

Using an in-vehicle interactive display, such as a touch screen, typically entails undertaking a freehand pointing gesture and dedicating a considerable amount of attention, that can be otherwise available for driving, with potential safety implications. Due to road and driving conditions, the user's input can also be subject to high levels of perturbations resulting in erroneous selections. In this article, we give an overview of the novel concept of an intelligent predictive display in vehicles. It can infer, notably early in the pointing task and with high confidence, the item the user intends to select on the display from the tracked freehand pointing gesture and possibly other available sensory data. Accordingly, it simplifies and expedites the target acquisition (pointing and selection), thereby substantially reducing the time and effort required to interact with an in-vehicle display. As well as briefly addressing the various signal processing and human factor challenges posed by predictive displays in the automotive environment, the fundamental problem of intent inference is discussed, and a Bayesian formulation is introduced. Empirical evidence from data collected in instrumented cars is shown to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of this solution.
Eclipsing binaries suitable for distance determination in the Andromeda galaxy

The Local Group galaxies constitute a fundamental step in the definition of cosmic distance scale. Therefore, obtaining accurate distance determinations to the galaxies in the Local Group, and notably to the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), is essential to determining the age and evolution of the Universe. With this ultimate goal in mind, we started a project to use eclipsing binaries as distance ind icators to M31. Eclipsing binaries have been proved to yield direct and precise distances that are essentially assumption free. To do so, high-quality photometric and spectroscopic data are needed. As a first step in the project, broad band photometry (in Johnson B and V) has been obtained in a region (34 ′ ×34 ′ ) at the North‐Eastern quadrant of the galaxy over 5 years. The data, containing more than 250 observations per filter, have been reduced by means of the so-called difference image analysis technique and the DAOPHOT program. A catalog with 236 238 objects with photometry in both B and V passbands has been obtained. The catalog is the deepest (V< 25.5 mag) obtained so far in the studied region and contains 3 964 identified variable stars, with 437 eclipsing binaries and 4 16 Cepheids. The most suitable eclipsing binary candidates for distance determination have been selected according to their brightness and from the modelling of the obtained light curves. The resulting sample includes 24 targets with photometric errors around 0.01 mag. Detailed analysis (including spectroscopy) of some 5‐10 of these eclipsing systems should result in a distance determination to M31 with a relative uncertainty of 2‐3% and essentially free from systematic errors, thus representing the most accurate and reliable determination to date.
A heuristic approach towards the designs of digital logic circuits in Built-In Test environment with optimal solution

In today's world Built-In Test is the necessity for the designs of digital logic circuits. However, providing solutions with such concept requires cumbersome and typical procedures of designs and because of this majority of the design go without incorporating the features of Built-In Test in the designs. The design procedures further aggravates if optimal design is needed. Hence, in view of this, an idea of a heuristic approach towards the designs of digital logic circuits in Built-In Test environment with optimal solution is proposed through this paper.
MASSIVELY PARALLEL SIMULATIONS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS : STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE COAST PROJECT

The COAST (for Computational Astrophysics) project is a program of massively parallel numerical simulations in astrophysics involving astrophysicists and software engineers from CEA/IRFU Saclay. The scientific objective is the understanding of the formation of structures in the Universe, including the study of largescale cosmological structures and galaxy formation, turbulence in interstellar medium, stellar magnetohydrodynamics and protoplanetary systems. The simulations of astrophysical plasmas are performed on massively parallel mainframes (MareNostrum Barcelona, CCRT CEA France), using 3-D magnetohydrodynamics and N-body parallelized codes developed locally. We present in this paper an overview of the software codes and tools developed and some results of such simulations. We also describe the Saclay SDvision graphical interface, implemented in the framework of IDL Object graphics, our 3-D visualization tool for analysis of the computation results.
Sur les traces de la théorie de l’Esprit chez les singes : compréhension de l’attention, des perceptions et des intentions d’autrui

La Theorie de l’Esprit est l’ensemble des capacites cognitives permettant a un individu de se mettre a la place d’autrui. Longtemps consideree comme specifiquement humaine, de plus en plus de comportements sociaux complexes sont rapportes chez les grands singes et plus recemment chez certaines especes de singes, rendant son existence au sein d’autres especes hautement debattue. Ce travail s’interesse aux capacites de macaques a discriminer l’attention, la perception et les intentions d’autrui en situation de cooperation ou de competition, intraspecifique ou interspecifique. Dans ces experiences, les macaques se comportaient differemment selon les etats d’attention, la perception visuelle et les intentions de leurs partenaires. Toutefois, les mecanismes sous-jacents a ces comportements complexes restent incertains. Les primates non humains peuvent en effet etre de tres bons lecteurs de comportements, capables de dechiffrer les comportements des autres sur la base d’apprentissages associatifs, mais pourraient egalement faire usage de representations mentales.
Blockage pattern of longitudinal flow in Meniere's disease

Abstract Conclusion: In the present study, classification of the patterns of 3D CT images of the ductus reuniens (reuniting duct) (RD), saccular duct (SD), and endolymphatic sinus (ES) gave more precise information for assessing the pathological condition of Meniere's disease (MD) than our previous study. Objective: This study attempted to provide more detailed information on MD by classifying the patterns of 3D CT images of the RD, SD, and ES in patients with MD. Methods: We examined the ears of 62 patients with definitely diagnosed unilateral MD based on the criteria of the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) using 3D CT. The 3D CT images of bony grooves of RD, SD, and ES (BRD, BSD, and BES) were classified into patterns according to aspects of their patency. Results: BRD could be classified into six types by assessing their patency defined using the criteria in this study. In the ears on the affected side of patients with MD, the BRD, BSD, and BES lost continuity in 3D CT images along their bony routes and were significantly different from normal healthy ears (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences among each stage of MD in the distributions of BRD and BES except for BSD.
A Dependable Software Development Kit for Commercial Applications in Embedded Systems

In this paper we present a set of tools designed to support the software engineer in releasing dependable applications for embedded systems requiring commercial software. We propose three different tools: WRAP, a tool able to wrap a set of software modules that transparently enhance the dependability characteristic of any executable software, EXEM, an external world and device emulator tool, and BOND, a powerful Fault Injection environment able to emulate the occurrence of different types of faults within the system, in order to evaluate the dependability properties of the overall embedded system. Experimental results gathered on an embedded system running Embedded NT OS demonstrate the effectiveness and the usability of the tool.
Eye‐Centered Color Adaptation in Global Illumination

Color adaptation is a well known ability of the human visual system (HVS). Colors are perceived as constant even though the illuminant color changes. Indeed, the perceived color of a diffuse white sheet of paper is still white even though it is illuminated by a single orange tungsten light, whereas it is orange from a physical point of view. Unfortunately global illumination algorithms only focus on the physics aspects of light transport. The ouput of a global illuminantion engine is an image which has to undergo chromatic adaptation to recover the color as perceived by the HVS. In this paper, we propose a new color adaptation method well suited to global illumination. This method estimates the adaptation color by averaging the irradiance color arriving at the eye. Unlike other existing methods, our approach is not limited to the view frustrum, as it considers the illumination from all the scene. Experiments have shown that our method outperforms the state of the art methods.
TCR Antagonism by Peptide Requires High TCR Expression1

Current models of T cell activation focus on the kinetics of TCR-ligand interactions as the central parameter governing T cell responsiveness. However, these kinetic parameters do not adequately predict all T cell behavior, particularly the response to antagonist ligands. Recent studies have demonstrated that TCR number is a critical parameter influencing the responses of CD4+ T cells to weak agonist ligands, and receptor density represents an important means of regulating tissue responsiveness in other receptor ligand systems. To systematically address the impact of TCR expression on CD8+ T cell responses, mAbs to the TCR α-chain and T cells expressing two TCR species were used as two different methods to manipulate the number of available TCRs on P14 and OT-I transgenic T cells. Both methods of TCR reduction demonstrated that the efficacy of antagonist peptides was significantly reduced on T cells bearing low numbers of available receptors. In addition, the ability of weak agonists to induce proliferation was critically dependent on the availability of high numbers of TCRs. Therefore, in this report we show that TCR density is a major determinant of CD8+ T cell reactivity to weak agonist and antagonist ligands but not agonist ligands.
Geometric object/image relations for radar

Recent research in invariant theory has determined the fundamental geometric relation between objects and their corresponding 'images. ' This relation is independent of the sensor (ex. RADAR) parameters and the transformations of the object. This relationship can be used to extract 3-D models from image sequences. This capability is extremely useful for target recognition, image sequence compression, understanding, indexing, interpolating, and other applications. Object/image relations have been discovered for different sensors by different researchers. This paper presents an intuitive form of the object/image relations for RADAR systems with the goal of enhancing interpretation. This paper presents a high level example of how a 3-D model is constructed directly from RADAR (or SAR) sequences (with or without independent motion). the primary focus is to provide a basic understanding of how this result can be exploited to advance research in many applications.
Smallholders, Agrarian Reform, and Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon: Cattle versus the Environment

Smallholder farming in the Brazilian Amazon has changed markedly over the last few decades, following a pervasive swing to cattle production observed across the basin. These changes have brought opportunities for accumulating a modicum of wealth that were not available in the early stages of colonization. At the same time, they have reconfigured livelihood systems away from diversified agriculture to a strong engagement with the cattle economy. They are also exposing smallholders to new forms of exploitation by transnational corporations, seeking to pass risk upstream to less powerful economic agents who provide inputs to production, such as calves. The case of Southeastern Para provides a natural laboratory for investigating such phenomena, which the article considers through the presentation of data from field research conducted in the region over the past decade. Here, agrarian reform efforts have been particularly intense, and social movements have often espoused a green rhetoric in favor of diversified agriculture, even though smallholders show little interest in anything but cattle. Household level incentives promote Amazonia’s emergent cattle economy, demonstrating how global production networks have reached into the basin, where production relations between smallholders provisioning calves to large ranching operations often resemble what has been referred to in the literature as “contract farming” land grabs, given the exploitive terms of trade.
Mining Drug Resistance Relational Features with Hierarchical Multitask kFOIL

We introduce hierarchical kFOIL as a simple extension of the multitask kFOIL learning algorithm. The algorithm first learns a core logic representation common to all tasks, and then refines it by specialization on a per-task basis. The approach is applied to a HIV resistance mutation dataset in order to learn models of drug resistance for mutants. Experimental results show the advantage of the proposed algorithm over both single and multi task alternatives, and its potential usefulness in providing explanatory features for the domain.