Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two P-Type ATPases Are Required for Copper Delivery in Arabidopsis thaliana Chloroplasts

Copper delivery to the thylakoid lumen protein plastocyanin and the stromal enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in chloroplasts is required for photosynthesis and oxidative stress protection. The copper delivery system in chloroplasts was characterized by analyzing the function of copper transporter genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Two mutant alleles were identified of a previously uncharacterized gene, PAA2 (for P-type ATPase of Arabidopsis), which is required for efficient photosynthetic electron transport. PAA2 encodes a copper-transporting P-type ATPase with sequence similarity to PAA1, which functions in copper transport in chloroplasts. Both proteins localized to the chloroplast, as indicated by fusions to green fluorescent protein. The PAA1 fusions were found in the chloroplast periphery, whereas PAA2 fusions were localized in thylakoid membranes. The phenotypes of paa1 and paa2 mutants indicated that the two transporters have distinct functions: whereas both transporters are required for copper delivery to plastocyanin, copper delivery to the stroma is inhibited only in paa1 but not in paa2. The effects of paa1 and paa2 on superoxide dismutase isoform expression levels suggest that stromal copper levels regulate expression of the nuclear genes IRON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 and COPPER/ZINC SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE2. A paa1 paa2 double mutant was seedling-lethal, underscoring the importance of copper to photosynthesis. We propose that PAA1 and PAA2 function sequentially in copper transport over the envelope and thylakoid membrane, respectively.
Integrating disparate literatures on voluntary career transition and voluntary turnover: Implications for research in the Chinese context

Purpose – The multidisciplinary research on the phenomena of voluntary career transition (VCT) and voluntary turnover (VTO) remains disparate. This integrative review examines literatures in these two areas in relation to research in the Chinese context. The purpose of this paper is to identify future research directions for Chinese indigenous research in this area.Design/methodology/approach – This review adopted an integrative literature review approach.Findings – The authors found that research on VCT and VTO in different disciplines has shared identical or similar constructs and produced complementary empirical findings. This suggests that combining the disparate research in VCT and VTO in the Western literature to address the large‐scale career phenomenon in China may produce unexpected research outcomes, particularly when integrating the research with Chinese‐specific contexts in socioeconomic, cultural, and organization dynamics.Research limitations/implications – Taking advantage of, and linking e.
Conceptual reasoning in the development of particle accelerator control systems: A case study on controls for a novel accelerator design

This paper explores the relevance of certain semiformal communication (we call “Conceptual Reasoning”) in the controls and computing systems development at particle accelerator research facilities, and promotes its facilitation in the domain. The chosen research methodology approach is based on participatory research and intervention in a real engineering environment. An introduction to the concept of viewpoints in Systems Engineering literature is given. The idea of Conceptual Reasoning, which constitutes a practical mean of integrating different viewpoints, is explained. The relevance of Conceptual Reasoning in the development of particle accelerator based research facilities is outlined based on the characteristic properties of this type of engineering environment. A case study on Conceptual Reasoning in the domain is described, exemplified in more detail for the controls of a novel, advanced neutron spallation system. Initial case study results are presented, indicating benefits of introducing certain diagram types and their tailoring to domain-typical concerns. A discussion and evaluation of the case study results and the applied research methodology conclude the paper.
Educational Assessment Knowledge and Skills for Teachers

The 1990 Standards for Teacher Competence in Educational Assessment of Students (AFT, NCME, & NEA, 1990) made a documentable contribution to the field. However, the Standards have become a bit dated, most notably in two ways: (1) the Standards do not consider current conceptions of formative assessment knowledge and skills, and (2) the Standards do not consider teacher knowledge and skills required to successfully work in the current accountability and “standards-based reform” context. This article briefly reviews the 1990 Standards and their influence, describes some other lists of assessment knowledge and skills that might be considered in updating them, and then proposes educational assessment knowledge and skills for teachers that reflect current teacher assessment needs. This set of competencies should help focus the work of teachers, teacher supervisors, professional developers, teacher educators, and others responsible for teachers’ assessment knowledge and skills.
Assessing Sedation with Regional Anesthesia: Inter-Rater Agreement on a Modified Wilson Sedation Scale

A valid and reliable means for measuring sedation during regional anesthesia would be valuable for both research and practice. Current methods of monitoring sedation include machine-, patient-, and observer-based assessment. The reliability of machine-based methods is limited at lower levels of sedation, whereas patient-based methods are impractical at higher levels. Observer-based methods offer the best alternative for assessing sedation during regional anesthesia; however, their reliability has not been adequately documented. We examined the interrater reliability of the Wilson sedation scale. Sedation was assessed by pairs of anesthesia care providers in 100 patients undergoing surgical procedures with regional anesthesia. On the basis of the findings, the scale was modified, and 50 additional patients were assessed. The study protocol called for a series of standardized stimuli administered by a research assistant. Raters were blinded to each other’s ratings. Interrater reliability was assessed by using the &kgr; statistic, a measure of actual agreement beyond agreement by chance. When continuing checks on its operationalization and reliability are included, the modified Wilson scale provides a simple and reliable means by which to assess and monitor intraoperative sedation.
Pathophysiology of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder

Abstract Based on both functional and structural studies of excessive activity, fronto-striatal-thalamic-cortical and cortico-striatal circuits have been hypothesized to underlie the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the neurobiological underpinnings of OCD refractory to medication and therapy remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate neuroanatomical abnormalities of the whole brain and to evaluate visual processing in patients with refractory OCD. This study was comprised of 2 experiments. The neuroanatomical abnormalities of the whole brain were evaluated using a visual search in combination with overactive performance monitoring (Experiment I), and visual processing was evaluated using event-related potentials recorded from subjects during performance of a visual search task. We also examined the amplitudes and latency of the error-related negativity (ERN) using a modified flanker task (Experiment II). Standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis was applied to determine the special areas. Patients with refractory OCD had a significantly greater number of saccades and prolonged latencies relative to the healthy controls. Scalp map topography confirmed that visual cognitive and executive dysfunction was localized to the fusiform gyrus. Furthermore, we found that during a modified flanker task, ERNs had a greater amplitude and a prolonged latency relative to those of the healthy controls. Further data analysis suggested that cognitive dysfunction and compulsive behavior in OCD patients were linked to abnormalities within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We identified abnormal activities within the fusiform gyrus and DLPFC that likely play important roles in the pathophysiology of OCD.
Cosmopolitanism and/in Education: What Responsibilities Now for the Philosopher and the Teaching of Philosophy?

With the development of global processes, especially global communications and media, the notion of cosmopolitanism has become more widespread. However, cosmopolitanism is not new, as revealed by Martha Nussbaum’s synopsis of its history in her book Cultivating Humanity — words she borrowed, along with the figure of concentric circles, from the Ancient Stoic thinker Seneca (first century AD). Nicholas Burbules provided an insightful review of Nussbaum’s book, and an enlightening discussion of the shortcomings of her analysis. While she “would like to see education adopt this cosmopolitan Stoic stance,” focusing “cosmopolitan education” on philosophy and ethical reasoning, knowledge, and imagination, she sidesteps the difficult challenges her position must confront. Although she advocates the importance of philosophical argument, she offers little debate, little examination of attendant tensions and contradictions. Zelia Gregoriou underscores these difficulties and sums up her discussion of Nussbaum’s pedagogical approach: “In an effort to vernacularize Socratic pedagogy, Nussbaum’s cosmopolitan proposal often collapses the problem of cultural translation to knowing ‘some rudiments about others,’” excluding culture which “remains [but] an external tool to cosmopolitanism. ”
Conformational Changes in the Nuclear Lamina Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Require Genes UL31 and UL34

ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL31 and UL34 proteins are dependent on each other for proper targeting to the nuclear membrane and are required for efficient envelopment of nucleocapsids at the inner nuclear membrane. In this work, we show that whereas the solubility of lamins A and C (lamin A/C) was not markedly increased, HSV induced conformational changes in the nuclear lamina of infected cells, as viewed after staining with three different lamin A/C-specific antibodies. In one case, reactivity with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope in the lamin tail domain was greatly reduced in HSV-infected cells. This apparent HSV-induced epitope masking required both UL31 and UL34, but these proteins were not sufficient to mask the epitope in uninfected cells, indicating that other HSV proteins are also required. In the second case, staining with a rabbit polyclonal antibody that primarily recognizes epitopes in the lamin A/C rod domain revealed that UL34 is required for HSV-induced decreased availability of epitopes for reaction with the antibody, whereas UL31 protein was dispensable for this effect. Still another polyclonal antibody indicated virtually no difference in lamin A/C staining in infected versus uninfected cells, indicating that the HSV-induced changes are more conformational than the result of lamin depletion at the nuclear rim. Further evidence supporting an interaction between the nuclear lamina and the UL31/UL34 protein complex includes the observations that (i) overexpression of the UL31 protein in uninfected cells was sufficient to relocalize lamin A/C from the nuclear rim into nucleoplasmic aggregates, (ii) overexpression of UL34 was sufficient to relocalize some lamin A/C into the cytoplasm, and (iii) both UL31 and UL34 could directly bind lamin A/C in vitro. These studies suggest that the UL31 and UL34 proteins modify the conformation of the nuclear lamina in infected cells, possibly by direct interaction with lamin A/C, and that other proteins are also likely involved. Given that the nuclear lamina potentially excludes nucleocapsids from envelopment sites at the inner nuclear membrane, the lamina alteration may reflect a role of the UL31/UL34 protein complex in perturbing the lamina to promote nucleocapsid egress from the nucleus. Alternatively, the data are compatible with a role of the lamina in targeting the UL31/UL34 protein complex to the nuclear membrane.
Moving from pattern to process in fungal symbioses: linking functional traits, community ecology and phylogenetics.

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Cocaine Self-Administration: Adaptations to the Glutamatergic System and Consequences for Offspring Emotional Control

Cocaine abuse and relapse remain a major public health concern in the United States and worldwide for which there is currently no approved pharmacotherapeutic intervention. Rodent cocaine self-administration, extinction, and priming-induced reinstatement can be used to model human cocaine seeking. A growing body of evidence indicates that the transport and stabilization of calcium-permeable (CP) AMPA glutamate receptors to synapses in the accumbens, a process involving CaMKII, is associated with the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Additional evidence indicates that the dorsal striatum contributes to aspects of cocaine addiction. Moreover, relapse to cocaine abuse has been connected to elevated levels of anxiety during withdrawal and anxiolytic agents decrease the latency for animals to self-administer cocaine. A growing body of evidence indicates that environmental information can be inherited. We have previously described a cocaine-resistance phenotype in the offspring of animals that have self-administered cocaine. The enhancement of cocaine's anxiogenic effects may contribute to reduced cocaine self-administration among male cocaine-sired rats. Here, a variety of behavioral, cellular, molecular, and electrophysiological techniques are used to examine how cocaine experience directly affects the glutamatergic system in the dorsal striatum and accumbens, as well as its indirect consequences for drug-naA ve offspring. Acute exposure to cocaine in drug naA ve rats increased CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of GluA1-containing AMPA receptors in the DL striatum, an effect that was not observed during cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. The increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and GluA1 following acute cocaine may be a compensatory mechanism in the DL striatum. Accumbens shell CP-AMPAR receptor transmission, mediated through interactions of GluA1-containing AMPARs with accessory protein SAP97, is necessary for cocaine reinstatement. Consideration of GluA1 subunit accessory proteins as potential novel targets for pharmacotherapeutic interventions in cocaine craving and addiction is warranted. Male offspring of cocaineexperienced sires exhibit baseline anxiety-like behaviors that are unaltered by subsequent cocaine exposure and dysregulation of hippocampal cellular and molecular correlates of anxiety. This identifies impairments of male offspring emotional control due to sire cocaine exposure independent of the cocaine-resistance phenotype. Collectively, these findings advance our knowledge of the direct and intergeneration effects of cocaine experience on the brain and behaviors. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Neuroscience First Advisor R. Christopher Pierce This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/818 Second Advisor Kelly L. Jordan-Sciutto
The CS10K project: mobilizing the community to transform high school computing

The CS10K project is a large-scale, collaborative project bringing together stakeholders from wide-ranging constituencies with the goal of systematically changing the scale, curriculum, and pedagogy of teaching computer science at all levels, but focusing in particular on computer science in U.S. high schools as well as introductory computing at the college level. As part of the systemic changes in teaching computer science the CS10K project aims to have 10,000 teachers in 10,000 high schools teaching a new curriculum by 2015.
Ethnic Politics, Political Elite, and Regime Change in Nigeria

Abstract. Since the 1960s, intermittent social conflicts in Nigeria appear mostly linked to ethnic groups’ differences. Considering the importance of regime change in social and political stability, this article critically analyses the historic and dynamic role of the core political executive elite in the political system’s stability. The article argues that ethnic politics persist in Nigeria based on the nature of interactions between political institutions, institution-builders, and society. It asserts a contradictory link between deep-rooted elite interests and popular preferences in ways that undermine orientations towards democracy. The empirical focus is on the composite nature of the core political executive elite analysed through their ethnic and educational backgrounds. It is observed that, although ethnic shocks are variously motivated, the atypical shape and inequity in power and role distribution at the highest levels of executive office-holding stand out as a salient source and target of antagonism by ethnic groups. This finding has a paradoxical implication: deep-seated economic and political interests of the elite play a diversionary role from the real causes of ethnic conflicts in Nigeria.
Gliders 2015 : Opponent avoidance with bio-inspired flocking behaviour

To succeed in the RoboCup Soccer 2D Simulation League, team players need to show a high degree of coherent mobility. In this paper we describe a bio-inspired mechanism employed by our team, Gliders2015, during a dynamic positioning. The mechanism is based on elements of flocking behaviour and is sufficiently generic to be applicable to other RoboCup Soccer Leagues. The proposed approach has been successfully tested, leading to an improved performance against benchmarks.
A Interface entre as Operações e Marketing: Um Estudo sobre o Alinhamento Estratégico em uma Montadora de Veículos Automotores

Este estudo de caso analisa os processos de interface estrategica entre as operacoes e marketing de uma montadora de veiculos automotores com o objetivo de colaborar na discussao sobre o estabelecimento do alinhamento estrategico. Os resultados indicam que as atividades de desenvolvimento de produtos e as reunioes de planejamento entre operacoes e vendas (S&OP – Sales and Operations Planning ) sao direcionadores de um alinhamento gerencial muito mais tatico e operacional do que propriamente estrategico. Nesse sentido, ha evidencias de uma perda de senso estrategico que ameaca o desempenho de processos importantes e que nao e detectada em curto prazo.
Does Restructuring Make a Difference for the Principal: Role Conceptions of Principals in Restructuring Schools

School restructuring involves changes in the principal's role in general and in the role conception in particular. The study reported here examines differences and similarities in role conception between principals participating in a state sponsored restructuring program and principals of schools not participating in this program. Findings are based on a statewide survey of administrators. Principals in the restructuring schools generally report practices and attitudes that are congruent with elements of the program. However, there is little difference between these principals and their counterparts in regard to involving parents in core technology activities of the school.
Analysis of a Call Admission Control Algorithm for Real-Time Traffic in OFDMA Based Cellular Networks

In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) networks there is variation of Grade of Service (GoS) experienced by the users within a cell. Hence a comprehensive performance analysis for such networks must include fairness of GoS considerations. Methods to enhance fairness of GoS include call admission control (CAC) schemes. A simple dynamic CAC scheme that responds to the bandwidth occupancy level is considered here. It leverages the fact that several regions within the cell offer a GoS that is much higher than acceptable. Users from such regions may be blocked even when sufficient resources are available, a technique which we refer to as forced blocking. Such forced blocking of GoS rich users, if performed at times of high bandwidth occupancy, may enable to improve the GoS of the remaining users. However, the rate of application of forced blocking to any class of users must be chosen such that the GoS of that class does not degrade beyond an acceptable limit. The performance of such an algorithm is studied in terms of parameters such as satisfied service area of the cell, min-max metric of fairness, variance of GoS and cell-average as well as cell-edge GoS. Both discrete event simulations (DES) and analytical models are employed in this performance study, for which First Come First Served (FCFS) performance serves as the reference.
GroupRecoPF: Innovative Group Recommendations in a Distributed Platform

Group recommender systems provide groups of users with shared recommendations. They have great potential for easing group decision processes, while at the same time entailing new technological and user-centred challenges. In this paper we present the GroupRecoPF platform providing developers with support for building scalable and user-friendly group recommender systems. It leverages on advanced concepts for group recommendation merging strategy exploration, performance optimisation, session persistence and mobility, as well as open interfaces.