Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SIMULATED CLIMATE CHANGE ALTERS PHENOLOGY, COMPOSITION, AND STRUCTURE OF POST-HARVEST VEGETATION COMMUNITIES

Models predict that climate change may lead to altered forest community composition as southern species are able to migrate successfully northward. Forest harvesting could facilitate climate-related species migration by creating conditions that favor the establishment of new species. My research investigated the effects of simulated climate change on plant community composition, structure, and phenology in a 2007 mixed hardwood clear cut. In 2009, I conducted 22 biweekly vegetation inventories in a two-factorial randomized block design experiment with treatment factors of 2 ̊ C air temperature warming and 20% increased precipitation. I measured the impacts of our climate treatments on species composition, percent cover, leaf area index (LAI) and phenology. I used permutation multivariate analysis of variance (PerMANOVA) on the average cover of observed species over the entire season to assess the relationship between community composition and simulated climate change treatments. LAI and percent cover of the entire community and of different growth forms were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA while community biodiversity, species richness, and phenological events were assessed using standard ANOVA for different growth forms. The overall and herbaceous community composition was influenced by water treatments (p = 0.05 for both) while the woody community responded strongly to the interaction of warming and precipitation (p = 0.03). Woody community analysis using stem abundance showed a strong reaction to warming alone (p = 0.005) and potential canopy species composition may also be affected by a warming*precipitation interaction (p = 0.056). In general, Shannon-Weiner biodiversity, evenness, and total or growth form species richness were not affected by our treatments. At mid-summer, forb cover was lowered by the precipitation treatment and woody vegetation increased with warming. Total cover was generally reduced by the interaction of
Exploring New Horizons for Wine Grapes: Modulating Functional Effects by Varying Harvest Timing and Solar Exposure

Grenache (GN) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) are two traditional red grape varieties widely cultivated in the Mediterranean area and both late-ripening cultivars, which makes them less sensitive to global warming conditions and more stable to harvest timing. Although different studies have evaluated the final antioxidant properties of grapes and pomaces, few studies have explored the effect of sun exposure and harvest on the nutritional and antioxidant properties of these products. This study investigates the control of sunlight and ripening as tools to tailor nutritional and antioxidant properties of grape juices (GJ) and their byproducts (pomace GP). The compositional analysis showed no significant (p ≥ 0.05) differences associated to either harvesting timing or exposure to sunlight for either of the two studied varieties. However, differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed between varieties of protein and total dietary fibre (TDF). CS protein content ranged from 0.52 to 3.88 (g 100 g−1) in GJ and from 1.0 to 1.32 (g 100 g−1) in GP; meanwhile, GN had higher protein values in GJ (from 2.11 to 4.77 g 100 g−1) and GP (from 5.11 to 6.75 g 100 g−1). The opposite behaviour was observed in TDF; CS grape had higher values for juice (from 11.43 to 19.53 g 100 g−1) and pomace (from 42.20 to 65.80 g 100 g−1) than GN (from 11.43 to 17.22 g 100 g−1 in juice and from 25.90 to 54.0 g 100 g−1 in pomace). The total phenolic content (TP) in GP was 100 times higher than in the juices and showed a much less pronounced evolution compared to the GJ during the harvesting time. GN TP values ranged from 5835 to 8772 mg GAE 100 g−1; meanwhile, CS values ranged from 7637 to 9040 mg GAE 100 g−1. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation between the TP total antioxidant capacity (TAC) results was observed, regardless of variety, harvesting time, and sunlight exposure. These findings show how the control of different factors can contribute to obtain modified grape-derived products from conventional varieties beyond the wine market.
Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Short-Form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) According to COSMIN and GRADE Guidelines

Simple Summary Pain in animals is assessed by behavioral alterations presented on scales. We aimed to validate the CMPS-SF according to the COSMIN and GRADE guidelines, used to assess the validity and reliability of health instruments. Four trained evaluators assessed 208 videos in four periods (pre-operative, peak of pain, 1 h after peak of pain and analgesia, and 24 h after surgery) of 52 dogs, divided into negative control (animals without pain), soft tissue surgeries, and orthopedic surgeries. The videos were evaluated in two stages, with intervals of 21 days. The CMPS-SF is a unidimensional scale with good reliability both intra-observer and between different observers, and it showed a strong correlation with other scales. Pain scores were higher after than before surgery, reduced after analgesia, and reduced even further after 24 h, which demonstrates its responsiveness. Postoperative pain scores were higher in dogs undergoing surgery versus controls. The scale is homogeneous, and there is a good interrelationship between its items. The detection values for dogs truly with and without pain were 74–83% and 78–87%, respectively. The score for indicating analgesia was ≥5 and the GRADE classification was high, confirming the validity of the scale. Abstract We aimed to validate the CMPS-SF according to COSMIN and GRADE guidelines. Four trained evaluators assessed 208 videos (pre-operative-M1, peak of pain-M2, 1 h after the peak of pain and analgesia (rescue)-M3, and 24 h post-extubation-M4) of 52 dogs, divided into negative controls (n = 10), soft tissue surgeries (n = 22), and orthopedic surgeries (n = 20). The videos were randomized and blinded as to when they were filmed, and were evaluated in two stages, 21 days apart. According to confirmatory analysis, the CMPS-SF is a unidimensional scale. Intra-observer reliability was between 0.80 and 0.99 and inter-observer reliability between 0.73 and 0.86. Criterion validity was confirmed by the correlation between the CMPS-SF and other unidimensional scales (≥0.7). The differences between the scores were M2 ≥ M3 > M4 > M1 (responsiveness), and the scale presented construct validity (higher postoperative pain scores in dogs undergoing surgery versus control). Internal consistency was 0.7 (Cronbach’s α) and 0.77 (McDonald’s ω), and the item-total correlation was between 0.3 and 0.7, except for “A(ii)—Attention to wound”. Specificity and sensitivity were 78–87% and 74–83%, respectively. The cut-off point for rescue analgesia was ≥5 or ≥4 excluding item B(iii) mobility, and the GRADE classification was high, confirming the validity of the scale.
Modelisation thermodynamique et cinetique des reactions geochimiques entre fluides de bassin et socle cristallin : application au site experimental du programme europeen de recherche en geothermie profonde (soultz-sous-forets, bas-rhin, france)

Il s'agit de developper une demarche de modelisation des interactions eau-roche pour decrire le comportement geochimique du doublet geothermique mis en place en 1997 sur le site experimental de soultz-sous-forets (bas-rhin) ou un reservoir geothermique est developpe au sein de la fracturation naturelle du socle cristallin a 3500 m de profondeur. Un premier forage permet d'extraire du reservoir un fluide hydrothermal chaud dont l'energie calorifique peut etre utilisee en surface. Le fluide hydrothermal refroidi est alors reinjecte dans le reservoir geothermique par un second forage implante a 500 m du premier. Les phenomenes hydrothermaux qui se produisent alors dans le reservoir profond ne sont pas directement observables et les logiciels de simulation des interactions eau-roche constituent un outil utile pour leur prevision et leur interpretation en termes d'evolution de porosite de la roche reservoir. La demarche de modelisation consiste d'abord a definir une representation, simple mais realiste, du reservoir geothermique dont on doit simuler l'evolution. La representation doit etre simple pour pouvoir etre decrite facilement dans les codes de calculs. Elle doit etre realiste en integrant au mieux la complexite du milieu naturel dont rendent compte les donnees experimentales acquises sur le site (mineraux non stoechiometriques, salinite et circulation du fluide hydrothermal, transfert de chaleur). Lors du fonctionnement du doublet geothermique, le fluide hydrothermal refroidi qui est reinjecte dans le reservoir geothermique se trouve sursature par rapport a plusieurs mineraux. La prise en compte d'un fluide sursature dans la simulation des interactions eau-roche implique alors de considerer les aspects cinetiques des reactions de dissolution et de precipitation des mineraux. Les simulations realisees dans cette etude montrent que si la formation d'argiles gonflantes de type smectites hydratees est possible au sein des fractures dans lesquelles le fluide hydrothermal est reinjecte a basse temperature, l'evolution de la porosite du reservoir geothermique est controlee par les carbonates, phases pourtant mineures au contact du fluide hydrothermal dans les fractures, mais dont la cinetique intrinseque en dissolution et en precipitation est bien plus rapide que celle des silicates.
Runoff and Sediment Yield Prediction Using Agriculture Non-Point Source (AGNPS) Model in Ata-Gad Watershed, Uttarakhand, India

The present study was undertaken to predict the runoff and sediment loss from Ata-gad watershed, Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India. The land use/land cover (LULC) map was prepared using IRS-P6 LISS-III data. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from ASTER and soil information from Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI) was used for runoff and sediment yield prediction. It was observed that large part of the watershed is forested (71.9%) and agricultural activity is ongoing in lower reaches of the valley (18%). The watershed area is mostly under moderately steep (15-35%) to very steep slope (50-75%). LULC, Soil, DEM and other inputs were fed into Agriculture Non-point Source (AGNPS) model through AGNPS Data Generator (ADGen) interface of image processing software. The AGNPS model helps to visualize the effect of slope, rainfall, LULC, etc. on runoff and sedimentation characteristics of a watershed. It was observed that nearly fifty percent area of the watershed produced 2.54 cm of runoff corresponding to 17.8 cm of rainfall. As large part of the watershed is under forest and consequently 64.24% of its area produced less than 1.42 cumec and only 0.11% of the area showed more than 49.55 cumec of peak runoff. Twenty-one percent area of the watershed is having steep slope (slope>75%) and showed the maximum rate of erosion as 48.67 tons/ha. Erosional characteristics vis-a-vis other properties of the landscape were also analyzed. It was also observed that with the increase in slope, though the soil erosion has increased but the slope factor solely does not affect erosional characteristics.
Calculation of Talocrural Joint Axis Motion by Approximating Trochlea Tali with Conical Side Surface

The motion of the talus, the most complex and important bone in ankle motion, is determined by the geometric characteristics of the articular surface of the talocrural joint, known as the trochlea tali. Therefore, modeling the geometric features of the trochlea tali is important for various fields. The purpose of this study is to approximate the rotation axis of the talocrural joint, which is important in the motion of the ankle foot with a conical model. In this experiment, a foot in four types of postures was photographed using computerized tomography (CT). An approximate cone was generated from point cloud data of the trochlea tali, obtained in this CT imaging experiment. In addition, the relationship between the rotation axis of the talus obtained by this experiment and the approximated cone was confirmed by this study. The results show that the axis of rotation of the talocrural joint moves along the side surface of the approximated cone, formed by two protruded shapes of trochlea tali. This suggests that the proposed method can be used to model the rotation axis of the talocrural joint with the side surface of the cone.
Damages of the Section Insulator Guide Caused by Electric Arc

This article presents research on the influence of an electric arc on the properties and structure of a traction section guide made of ETP (electrolytic tough pitch) copper in a segment insulator of a railway section. An electrical discharge occurring during use, which may accompany the passage of the pantograph current collector between adjacent guides, may cause many physical phenomena. In addition to existing guide wear mechanisms, such as friction, corrosion, and/or oxidation, the action of an electric arc also has a devastating effect on the guide in use, causing its complete destruction in extreme cases. The aim of the investigation was to determine what type of damage to the sectional guide in real operation conditions was caused by the impact of an electric arc that is induced when the pantograph passes from one guide to the adjacent one. The paper presents the results of tests on an operational guide made of hard electrolytic copper Cu-ETP, in particular the results of microscopic observations, the results of microscopic tests obtained using the ZEISS SUPRA 25 scanning electron microscope, as well as the analysis of the chemical composition in micro-areas (EDS - Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). On the basis of the tests carried out, it was found that the dominant destructive mechanism of the guide is the electric arc, the presence of elements from the external environment was also determined, and the degree of damage was analysed depending on the conditions and operating times.
Late Quaternary Biomass Burning in Northwest Africa and Interactions With Climate, Vegetation, and Humans

Biomass burning on the African continent is widespread, and interactions with climate, vegetation dynamics, and biogeochemical cycling are complex. To obtain a better understanding of these complex relationships, African fire history has been widely studied, although mostly on relatively short timescales (i.e., years to kiloyears) and less commonly on long‐term scales. Here we present a 192‐kyr, continuous biomass‐burning record from sub‐Saharan Northwest Africa based on the fire biomarker levoglucosan in a marine sediment core offshore Guinea. Notable features of our record include an increase in levoglucosan accumulation at 80 ka and two peaks at 50–60 ka. The event at 80 ka is likely related to an overall increase in sedimentation rates rather than an increase in biomass burning in the Northwest African savanna region. Our record indicates that glacial/interglacial changes in regional climate and vegetation composition (C3 vs. C4 plants) were not a major influence on biomass burning over the last 192 kyr. However, we suggest that the burning events at 50–60 ka might be caused by increased occurrence of C3 vegetation and human settlement in this region. At this time, the savanna region became wetter and fuel loads likely increased. Therefore, the region was more hospitable for humans, who likely used fire for hunting activities. Collectively, we hypothesize that on longer (glacial/interglacial) timescales, biomass burning, regional climate, and African vegetation are not necessarily coupled, while around 50–60 ka, higher fuel loads and human fire use may have influenced fire occurrence in sub‐Saharan Northwest Africa.
The Present and Future of the Clinical Use of Physiological Traits for the Treatment of Patients with OSA: A Narrative Review

People with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are a heterogeneous group. While many succeed in the treatment of their OSA, many others struggle with therapy. Herein, we discuss how anatomical and physiological factors that cause sleep apnea (OSA traits) impact treatment response and may offer an avenue for more precise care. These OSA traits, including anatomical (upper-airway collapsibility) and physiological (loop gain, airway muscle responsiveness, and arousal threshold) factors, may help determine who can succeed with continuous positive airway pressure, oral appliances, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, or pharmacotherapy. In the future, identifying OSA traits before initiating treatment may help guide the selection of the most effective and tolerable therapy modalities for each individual.
Resource Pricing Model Based on Two-Level Auction for the Cloudlet Federation

CloudLet Federation (CLF) is a new computing architecture that integrates multiple Cloudlet Service Providers (CSPs) and shares cloudlet resources between them. This architecture can reduce the cost of cloudlet deployment and management, and improve the cloudlet utilization rate and service quality. As a new service provider framework, CLF needs to maximize the overall profit while ensuring the interests of each member. Due to the differences in the number of users owned by each member and the number of resources that can be provided, the interests of CLF and users, as well as the interests of each member of CLF, should be taken into account when pricing resources. Therefore, we construct a resource pricing model based on two-level auction, aiming at maximizing the total profit of the cloudlet federation. Firstly, the user and its associated CSP will conduct an auction. If the user task fails to be auctioned successfully, the associated CSP will conduct a second-level auction with the other CSP of the federation. We design a dynamic quotation and price adjustment strategy, in which the cost and resource utilization rate are taken into account when determining the asking prices of the resource providers and the task budget and deadline are taken into account when determining the quotations of the resource demanders. The algorithm of TARPA (Resource Pricing Algorithm based on Two-level Auction) is proposed to solve this model. The simulation results show that TARPA has better performance than Uniform Pricing Algorithm (UPA) and Fixed Proportion Pricing Algorithm (FPPA) in terms of the total profit and resource utilization of cloudlet federation, and has obvious advantages than Game Pricing Approach (GPA) in terms of time cost.
Freshwater Export in the East Greenland Current Freshens the North Atlantic

Arctic Ocean freshwater content increased in the 2000s. Since variations in freshwater input into the North Atlantic Ocean can modify its properties, monitoring the freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean to southern latitudes is critical. The Arctic Outflow Observatory in Fram Strait has collected continuous ocean measurements from moored platforms since 1997. Here new and improved records of freshwater transport from the mooring array are presented until 2015, showing that, since the last documented record in 2009, the freshwater export was substantially larger from 2010 to 2013. The increase was mostly due to increased southward flow, and secondly due to low salinities. While sea level pressure gradient across the strait explains seasonal variability, it does not explain the observed freshwater anomaly. The cumulative freshwater anomaly between 2010 and 2015 amounted to 3,106 km3, representing a significant external source of freshwater to the North Atlantic.
Aquatic weeds : to control or not to control. the case of the Midmar Dam, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

The Midmar Dam within the uMngeni Catchment, KwaZulu-Natal is important for water provisioning and recreational use. In 2014, an estimated 60 ha of the dam was infested with Egeria densa, which can spread at a rate of 50% per annum under optimal conditions. E. densa limits access to, and the recreational use of, the dam. We use the travel cost method to estimate the recreational value of the Midmar Dam, informing the maximum desirable cost of control. The model estimates that the most likely extent of the invasion would be between 233 ha and 771 ha. The estimated cumulative NPV is R684 million for the best-case scenario, which allows for clearing operations and a spread rate of 15%. If no clearing is done, the cumulative NPV is reduced to an estimated -R20 million. This study therefore suggests that management of the problem is imperative, but that control efforts should not exceed R687.8 million over 30 years. Doing so will constitute a net loss to society.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted RFID Tag-Integrated Multi-Sensor for Quality Assessment and Sensing

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is well known as an identification, track, and trace approach and is considered to be the key physical layer technology for the industrial internet of things (IIoT). However, IIoT systems have to introduce additional complex sensor networks for pervasive monitoring, and there are still challenges related to item-level sensing and data recording. To overcome the shortage, this work proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted RFID-based multi-sensing technology. Both passive and semi-passive RFID tag-integrated multi-sensors are developed. The main contributions and the novelty of this investigation are as follows. A UHF RFID tag-integrated multi-sensor with a boosted charge pump is proposed; it enables high RF signal sensitivity and a long operational range. The whole hardware design, including the antenna and energy harvester, are studied. Moreover, a demonstration with real-world ham product sensing data is conducted. This work also proposes and successfully demonstrates the integration of machine learning algorithms, specifically the NARX neural network, with RFID sensing data for food product quality assessment and sensing (QAS). This application of machine learning to RFID-generated data for quality assessment is also a novel aspect of the research. The deployment of an autoregressive model with an exogenous input (NARX) neural network model, tailored for nonlinear processes, emerges as the most effective, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.007 and an R-squared value of 0.99 for ham product QAS. By deploying the technology, low-cost, timely, and flexible product QAS can be achieved in manufacturing industries, which helps product quality improvement and the optimization of the manufacturing line and supply chain.
On the functional independence of numerical acuity and visual working memory

Deciding where to direct our vehicle in a crowded parking area or where to line up at an airport gateway relies on our ability to appraise the numerosity of multitudes at a glimpse and react accordingly. Approximating numerosities without actually counting is an ontogenetically and phylogenetically primordial ability, given its presence in human infants shortly after birth, and in primate and non-primate animal species. Prior research in the field suggested that numerosity approximation is a ballistic automatism that has little to do with human cognition as commonly intended. Here, we measured visual working memory capacity using a state-of-the-art change detection task and numerosity approximation using a dot-comparison task, and found a null correlation between these two parametrical domains. By checking the evidential strength of the tested correlation using both classic and Bayesian analytical approaches, as well as the construct validity for working memory capacity and numerosity approximation estimates, we concluded that the present psychophysical evidence was sufficiently strong to support the view that visual working memory and numerosity approximation are likely to rely on functionally independent stages of processing of the human cognitive architecture.