Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Identification of Hemoprotozoan Parasites in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Iran

Background: Although camels represent a valuable source of food, wool and hide in many countries, in-depth information about their vector-borne pathogens is scarce compared to other animals. The aim of the current study was to characterize vector-borne protozoa in the blood of dromedaries from Iran by molecular tools. Methods: From June to July 2014, 200 peripheral blood samples were collected from asymptomatic one-humped camels in two provinces of Kerman and Sistan- va-Baloochestan in central and southeastern Iran. Microscopic examination was performed on Giemsa-stained blood smears, and drops of blood were spotted on Whatman FTA® cards for further analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted from the cards, and PCR was carried out for the detection of piroplasms and trypanosomes, followed by sequence analysis of positive samples. Results: One sample was positive Trypanosoma spp. trypomastigotes in light microscopy. PCR results revealed one positive sample each with Theileria annulata and Trypanosoma evansi. Conclusion: Camels were identified as hosts for bovine Mediterranean theileriosis in the investigated area. The presence of Tr. evansi, the causative agent of surra disease, was also confirmed in camels of Iran. Further studies are recommended in order to investigate their impact on the health and productivity of camels and other livestock in this region.
String theory derivation of RR couplings to D-branes

We derive the couplings of D-branes to the RR fields from the first principles, i.e. from the nonlinear sigma-model. We suggest a procedure to extract poles from string amplitudes, before the eventual formula for the couplings is obtained. Using the fact that the parts of amplitudes with poles are irrelevant for the effective action this procedure ultimately simplify the derivation since it allows us to omit these poles already from the very beginning. We also use the vertex for the RR fields in the (-3/2,-1/2) ghost picture as the useful tool for the calculation of such string amplitudes. We carry out the calculations in all orders of brane massless excitations and obtain the Myers-Chern-Simons action. Our goal is to present the calculations in full technical details and specify the approximation in which one obtains the action in question.
Troubleshooting blackbox SDN control software with minimal causal sequences

Software bugs are inevitable in software-defined networking control software, and troubleshooting is a tedious, time-consuming task. In this paper we discuss how to improve control software troubleshooting by presenting a technique for automatically identifying a minimal sequence of inputs responsible for triggering a given bug, without making assumptions about the language or instrumentation of the software under test. We apply our technique to five open source SDN control platforms---Floodlight, NOX, POX, Pyretic, ONOS---and illustrate how the minimal causal sequences our system found aided the troubleshooting process.
Young people, identity and living in a global society

In this article, Douglas Bourn aims to outline current debates, recent research and policy initiatives in the United Kingdom (UK) on young people and their identity, particularly in relation to the impact of globalisation. It acknowledges the recent shifts in UK government policy statements relating to the importance for young people to understand and engage with issues concerning the wider world. It also points out that for young people to make sense of their identity and develop a sense of belonging, establishing the relationship between global processes and local experiences is critical. The article finally poses some challenges for ‘global youth work’, especially recognition of the importance of identity and the role of the individual in making sense of the global society in which young people are living.
Recommendations to the primary care practitioners and the patients for managing pelvic pain, especially in painful bladder syndrome for early and better prognosis

Painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a common disease presenting with chronic pelvic pain and discomfort with at least one urinary symptom with no identifiable cause. The etiology is still unknown, and the medication has limited effects on pelvic pain or other urinary symptoms. This article presents advanced insight regarding the approach to PBS, particularly pelvic pain for primary care practitioners and patients. We suggest six tips for medical staff and suspected patients for easy diagnosis and proper treatment of pelvic pain. These six tips cover: Self-awareness of the disease; immediate urine culture test; specifying the location of pain urinary incontinence; frequency, or urgency without functional disorder of an overactive bladder helpful dietary control; complementary, and alternative medicine, and finding an expert. These tips might be helpful in advancing the schematic approach and in achieving better prognosis of PBS. Further study should be conducted to achieve better treatment for this disease, including development of a definitive test and diagnosis.
Conceptualising the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) Journeys of Future Teachers and Practising Teachers: Findings, Challenges and Reflections

As documented by MCEETYA (2002) and Finger and Trinidad (2002), all Australian States and Territories have embarked upon systemic Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) initiatives. Those initiatives represent evidence of growing momentum in the changing expectations of schools and school systems to require teachers to undertake a professional development journey which enables the successful integration of ICTs, referred to here as the ICTs Journey. This paper, in providing a conceptualisation of that ICTs Journey as requiring effective pre-service teacher education and continuing professional development in ICTs, draws upon recent major Australian reports Making Better Connections (DEST 2001) and Raising the Standards (DEST 2002) aimed at driving the ICTs agenda further. In addition, this paper provides a summary of key findings from the research undertaken by three Bachelor of Education (Primary) Honours students. This research focused on illuminating and identifying challenges posed by the ICTs journey for future teachers, teachers in their first years of teaching, and for more experienced, practising teachers. Specific investigations were conducted with teacher education students in their third year of preservice teacher education, teachers in their establishing phase of teaching, and experienced teachers who had undertaken a formal, 3 day ICTs professional development program. Implications are identified for preservice teacher education and continuing professional development in terms of the ICTs journey. Finally, reflections are presented by the three Honours research students in terms of the tensions and personal sacrifices made in choosing to undertake research during their preservice teacher education. As co-authors of this paper, this paper highlights the demands upon these student teachers in not only undertaking their own ICTs Journeys but also the intellectual demands and potential rewards of accompanying that ICTs journey with their intensive research journeys.
A neural circuitry that emphasizes spinal feedback generates diverse behaviours of human locomotion

It is often assumed that central pattern generators, which generate rhythmic patterns without rhythmic inputs, play a key role in the spinal control of human locomotion. We propose a neural control model in which the spinal control generates muscle stimulations mainly through integrated reflex pathways with no central pattern generator. Using a physics‐based neuromuscular human model, we show that this control network is sufficient to compose steady and transitional 3‐D locomotion behaviours, including walking and running, acceleration and deceleration, slope and stair negotiation, turning, and deliberate obstacle avoidance. The results suggest feedback integration to be functionally more important than central pattern generation in human locomotion across behaviours. In addition, the proposed control architecture may serve as a guide in the search for the neurophysiological origin and circuitry of spinal control in humans.
Chapter 5: Qualitative Comparative Analysis Using Fuzzy Sets (fsQCA) Forthcoming in Benoit Rihoux and Charles Ragin (editors), Configurational Comparative Analysis, Sage Publications, 2007

One apparent limitation of the truth table approach is that it is designed for causal conditions that are simple presence/absence dichotomies (i.e., Boolean or "crisp" sets-chapter 3) or multichotomies (MVQCA--chapter 4). Many of the causal conditions that interest social scientists, however, vary by level or degree. For example, while it is clear that some countries are democracies and some are not, there is a broad range of inbetween cases. These countries are not fully in the set of democracies, nor are they fully excluded from this set. Fortunately, there is a well-developed mathematical system for addressing partial membership in sets, fuzzy-set theory (Zadeh 1965). Section 1 of this chapter provides a brief introduction to the fuzzy-set approach, building on Ragin (2000). Fuzzy sets are especially powerful because they allow researchers to calibrate partial membership in sets using values in the interval between 0 (nonmembership) and 1 (full membership) without abandoning core set theoretic principles, for example, the subset relation. As Ragin (2000) demonstrates, the subset relation is central to the analysis of causal complexity. While fuzzy sets solve the problem of trying to force-fit cases into one of two categories (membership versus nonmembership in a set) or into one of three or more categories (mvQCA), they are not well suited for conventional truth table analysis. 1
Frequent Itemset Mining Technique in Data Mining

In computer science and data mining, Apriori is a classic algorithm for learning association rules. Apriori is designed to operate on databases containing transactions (for example, collections of items bought by customers, or details of a website frequentation). Frequent itemsets play an essential role in many data mining tasks that try to find interesting patterns from databases, such as association rules, correlations, sequences, episodes, classifiers, clusters and many more of which the mining of association rules is one of the most popular problems. In this paper, we take the classic Apriori algorithm, and improve it quite significantly by introducing what we call a vertical sort. We then use the large dataset, web documents to contrast our performance against several state-of-the-art implementations and demonstrate not only equal efficiency with lower memory usage at all support thresholds, but also the ability to mine support thresholds as yet un-attempted in literature. We also indicate how we believe this work can be extended to achieve yet more impressive results. We have demonstrated that our implementation produces the same results with the same performance as the best of the state-of-the art implementations. In particular, we have started with the classic algorithm for this problem and introduced a conceptually simple idea, sorting the consequences of which have permitted us to outperform all of the available state-of-the-art implementations.
The potential of rural women in promoting sustainable livelihoods supported by an appropriate theology of development in Katete Catholic Parish, Malawi.

It is a duty of every person of good will in any given community and society to promote freedom and development that enhances the potential of rural women and women in general. One can only achieve this important task by firstly acknowledging that women are persons fully created in the image of God and that they are part and parcel of God's creation in all what is needed for human beings to value and appreciate healthy livelihood in the world. Once this duty is achieved, we will fully conclude that human beings need each other in all social and economic development that helps to promote the potential that every individual has in order to build sustainable livelihoods in a community. This is a big task. This task could be facilitated if local resources, individual capacities, gifts, skills, talents and dedicated people are available in the community. This study has pursued the sustainable livelihoods of the rural women especially those in Katete aiming at enhancing their potential. The major problem that this study has focused is that the society and church in Katete is patriarchal and has failed to give freedom to women so that they could utilize their capacities to participate in social and economic development that would accord them healthy and sustainable livelihoods. The methodology used in order to achieve these goals out of the women of Katete Catholic Parish was through dialogue between the researcher and the women. Through theological reflections, we discovered that the women of Katete have the potential to contribute into the general livelihoods of the people of the area and the women in general. From what the study gave us, we can freely say that women have natural gifts imparted on them by God. The gifts that the women have can change the church and the society's attitude bounded by patriarchal biases against women, which perceives them as second-class citizens in participating fully in developmental agendas of the society. Acronyms and Abbreviations
Milk fat globule EGF factor 8 in the serum of human patients of systemic lupus erythematosus

Mouse milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG‐E8), which is secreted by a subset of activated macrophages, binds to apoptotic cells by recognizing phosphatidylserine and promotes their engulfment. Many apoptotic cells are left unengulfed in the germinal centers of the spleen in MFG‐E8−/− mice, and these mice develop an autoimmune disease resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus (hSLE). Here, we report that hMFG‐E8 bound to phosphatidylserine and an integrin αvβ3 complex. Increasing concentrations of MFG‐E8 generated a bell‐shaped response curve for the efficiency of phagocytosis. That is, in NIH3T3 and MFG‐E8−/− thioglycollate‐elicited peritoneal macrophages that do not express MFG‐E8, hMFG‐E8 enhanced engulfment at low concentrations but inhibited it at high concentrations. On the other hand, hMFG‐E8 dose‐dependently inhibited the engulfment of apoptotic cells by MFG‐E8+/+ thioglycollate‐elicited peritoneal macrophages, indicating that an excess of MFG‐E8 has an inverse effect on the engulfment of apoptotic cells. To investigate the role of MFG‐E8 in human disease, we generated two mAb against MFG‐E8 and screened human blood samples for MFG‐E8 using an ELISA. We found that some childhood‐onset and adult SLE patients carried a significant level of MFG‐E8 in their blood samples. These results suggested that the aberrant expression of MFG‐E8 is involved in the pathoetiology of some cases of hSLE.
Testosterone and Marriage among Ariaal Men of Northern Kenya

Recent studies suggest that differential human male investment in mating (male‐male competition and mate‐seeking behavior) and parenting effort may be associated with variation in testosterone levels. The Ariaal present an interesting test case because marital relations tend to be aloof and direct paternal care minimal by cross‐cultural standards. Polygyny is prevalent and increases with age, and the age‐set system highly structures the transition to marriage. A test of the effect of marital status on testosterone levels among the Ariaal involved 205 men aged 20 and older from a settled agropastoral community and nomadic populations. Each participant provided morning and afternoon saliva samples in which testosterone levels were measured, provided demographic background during interviews, and had anthropometrics taken. As predicted, during the dynamic ages (20–39) of transition from life as a bachelor and warrior to monogamous marriage, men with one wife had significantly lower testosterone levels than unmarried men. Contrary to prediction, however, polygynously married men did not have higher testosterone levels than their monogamously married counterparts. While variation in testosterone may be associated with mating effort in young Ariaal men, political networks and wealth may be better predictors of marital status in older men.
Analysis of Population Structure: A Unifying Framework and Novel Methods Based on Sparse Factor Analysis

We consider the statistical analysis of population structure using genetic data. We show how the two most widely used approaches to modeling population structure, admixture-based models and principal components analysis (PCA), can be viewed within a single unifying framework of matrix factorization. Specifically, they can both be interpreted as approximating an observed genotype matrix by a product of two lower-rank matrices, but with different constraints or prior distributions on these lower-rank matrices. This opens the door to a large range of possible approaches to analyzing population structure, by considering other constraints or priors. In this paper, we introduce one such novel approach, based on sparse factor analysis (SFA). We investigate the effects of the different types of constraint in several real and simulated data sets. We find that SFA produces similar results to admixture-based models when the samples are descended from a few well-differentiated ancestral populations and can recapitulate the results of PCA when the population structure is more “continuous,” as in isolation-by-distance models.
Analysis of an energy-based atomistic/continuum approximation of a vacancy in the 2D triangular lattice

We present an a priori error analysis of a practical energy based atomistic/continuum coupling method (A. V. Shapeev, Multiscale Model. Simul., 9(3):905-932, 2011) in two dimensions, for finite-range pair-potential interactions, in the presence of vacancy defects. We establish first-order consistency and stability of the method, from which we obtain a priori error estimates in the H1-norm and the energy in terms of the mesh size and the "smoothness'' of the atomistic solution in the continuum region. From these error estimates we obtain heuristics for an optimal choice of the atomistic region and the finite element mesh, as well as convergence rates in terms of the number of degrees of freedom. Our analytical predictions are supported by extensive numerical tests.
Security Policy Pre-evaluation towards Risk Analysis

Nowadays, security policy evaluation becomes a very hot topic since high QoP(quality of protection) is required by more and more people. Most of the researchers focus on the security policy evaluation after they have been enforced into real application systems via some real attacks. However, before security policy enforcement, the policy themselves may also contain some anomalies which shouldn't be ignored. In this paper, we pointed out the importance of security policy pre-evaluation which focuses on security policy evaluation before policy enforcement. In addition we propose a framework for it towards risk analysis. As a concrete example, we show how to apply our framework to firewall security policies. Finally we discuss about the difficulty of our proposal and show future work interests.
The relationship between aggression and work performance among temporary employees

The purpose of this study explored the impact of gender, race, education level, arrest record, marital status, and aggression on work performance among temporary employees over a 90-day evaluation period. The sample consisted of 144 temporary employees from a professional temporary service who were all placed in entry-level production positions in an industrial company located in the southeastern United States. Predictor data were collected from these employees during their registration process with the professional temporary service, and performance data were obtained from the industrial company following a 90-day probation period. Results from this study indicated that there was no significant difference between the temporary employees' aggression scores in relation to their work performance over the 90-day evaluation perio�. Findings from this study also indicated that the demographic variables had no relationship with the temporary employees' work performance, aggression scores, or arrest records.
A Multi-modal Graphical Model for Scene Analysis

In this paper, we introduce a multi-modal graphical model to address the problems of semantic segmentation using 2D-3D data exhibiting extensive many-to-one correspondences. Existing methods often impose a hard correspondence between the 2D and 3D data, where the 2D and 3D corresponding regions are forced to receive identical labels. This results in performance degradation due to misalignments, 3D-2D projection errors and occlusions. We address this issue by defining a graph over the entire set of data that models soft correspondences between the two modalities. This graph encourages each region in a modality to leverage the information from its corresponding regions in the other modality to better estimate its class label. We evaluate our method on a publicly available dataset and beat the state-of-the-art. Additionally, to demonstrate the ability of our model to support multiple correspondences for objects in 3D and 2D domains, we introduce a new multi-modal dataset, which is composed of panoramic images and LIDAR data, and features a rich set of many-to-one correspondences.