Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Presentation of Chronic Low Back Pain

Sex differences in 351 patients with chronic low back pain were examined. Biological, psychological, and psychosocial factors were considered. Sex differences in adaptive functioning were consistent with traditional gender roles. Significant interactions were found for sex and employment status, and sex and marital status. Retired women reported more pain and less activity than retired men. Retired men reported the least pain of any group. Outdoor work and social activities show opposite within-group patterns for men and women when stratifiedby employment status. Marriage was associated with more household work for women and less for men. The financial and social contexts of employment status and marriage are different for men and women. Results suggest the treatment of women with chronic low back pain requires attention to work in the home and the financial and social context of work outside the home.
Finding a Web community by maximum flow algorithm with HITS score based capacity

We propose an edge capacity based on hub and authority scores, and examine the effects of using the edge capacity on the method for extracting Web communities using maximum flow algorithm proposed by G. Flake et al. (2000). A Web community is a collection of Web pages in which a common (or related) topic is taken up. In recent years, various methods for finding Web communities have been proposed. G. Flake et al.'s method, which is based on maximum flow algorithm, has a big advantages: "topic drift" does not easily occur. On the other hand, it sets the edge capacity to a fixed value for every edge, which is one of the major cause of failing to obtain a proper Web community. Our approach, which is using HITS score based edge capacity, effectively extracts Web pages retaining well-balanced in both global and local relations to the given seed node. We examined the effects by the experiments for randomly selected 20 topics using Web archives in Japan crawled in 2002. The result confirmed that the average precision rose approximately 20%.
Detriangulation of Absent Fathers in Single-Parent Black Families: Techniques of Imagery

The projection of the mother's unresolved feelings about an absent father onto one or more of her children-often the eldest son expected to assume the role of parental child-is an obstacle frequently encountered in therapy with single-parent Black families. Acknowledgment and resolution of these feelings by the mother is an important step toward reestablishing generational boundaries and improving communication between mother and children. It is suggested that the empty chair procedure and the use of family photographs are two interventions that can be used within the context of structural and/or transgenerational family therapies to help the mother separate her feelings about the absent father from her feelings about her children. Models for the use of both approaches and the potential benefits of each is presented. The successful outcome of either technique may depend, however, on variables in the family's history and the stage of therapy during which the techniques are introduced.
Macrophage‐tropic HIV‐1 variants: initiators of infection and AIDS pathogenesis?

The importance of macrophage‐tropic HIV‐1 variants in AIDS pathogenesis becomes increasingly clear. Macrophage‐tropic HIV‐1 variants initiate infection, predominate in the asymptomatic phase, and persist throughout infection, even after the emergence of preferential T cell‐tropic HIV‐1 variants. HIV‐1 infection of macrophages may contribute to the overall immune dysfunction observed in AIDS pathogenesis. Here, our knowledge of the biological variability of HIV‐1, and specifically macrophage‐tropic HIV‐1 variants, is reviewed. Moreover, hypotheses about the mechanism of selection for macrophage‐tropic variants in transmission, the mechanism by which these variants selectively persist in the asymptomatic phase, and how they may contribute to the general immune dysfunction are presented. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 218–224; 1994.
Developing First Graders' Phonemic Awareness, Word Identification and Spelling: A Comparison of Two Contemporary Phonic Instructional Approaches.

Abstract This exploratory study compared the effectiveness of two contemporary phonic approaches (word box instruction and word sort instruction) on children's phonemic awareness, word identification, and spelling performance. Forty‐two first‐grade children who were randomly selected to participate in three conditions: word box instruction, word sort instruction, and traditional instruction. The experimental conditions lasted approximately three months and consisted of daily 20 minute phonics instruction sessions. Children were administered five posttest measures: phonemic blending, phonemic segmentation, pseudo‐word naming, word identification, and spelling. MANO VA and univariate analyses revealed that type of phonic instruction significantly discriminated among the groups on posttest measures. Post hoc analyses indicated that there were significant differences favoring (1) word box instruction group over the traditional group on performance on all posttest measures except spelling, and (2) word sort gr.
Optical Limits on Precursor Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts with Known Redshift

Making use of virtual observatory data, we present the first comprehensive sample of optical observations conducted before the explosion times of all gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with known redshifts. In total, the fields of 11 such GRBs were observed by the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) program from years to hours before the bursts. Although the typical limiting magnitudes from these observations are R ≈ 20 mag, we find no evidence for a significant detection of a precursor. The deepest nondetection of precursor emission is from GRB 030329, reaching down to an absolute B-band magnitude of MB ≈ -18 mag from 6 to 1500 days (rest frame) before the burst. This is of comparable brightness to supernovae, which in some scenarios for GRB progenitors are predicted to predate a GRB on similar timescales. Since sources cannot be localized to better than ~500 mas (3 σ) with current large-area surveys, unrelated supernovae or active galactic nucleus activity in GRB hosts could be mistaken for genuine precursor emission. This possibility motivates the need for not only deep wide-field imaging, but imaging at high spatial resolution.
A modified ARIMA model for CQI prediction in LTE-based mobile satellite communications

LTE-based mobile satellite communication system is a combination of terrestrial LTE system and satellite communication techniques, which aims at improving the current LTE system's technical specifications for better service quality. AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) technique is applied in current LTE system to improve system capacity and data transmission efficiency. CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), which is measured by UE, is an essential indicator for AMC process. However in satellite system, the said data received by eNodeB are all outdated due to the long delay caused by satellite link. So there exists need for predicting CQI data in advance. ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model) is a good choice for predicting CQI in terrestrial system, but its prediction ability is limited when prediction length is too long in satellite communication system. To solve this problem, a prediction scheme is proposed in this paper. This method predicts CQI states, instead of predicting the specific CQI values, and provides the reference CQI for AMC. A modified ARIMA model is applied for reducing the prediction complexity and delay. Simulation shows that the proposed method can realize CQI prediction with acceptable RMSE performance.
A total chattering-free sliding mode control for sampled-data systems

The discrete-time equivalent control, obtained from s/sub (k+1)/ = 0, is a chattering-free sliding mode control in theory. However, it involves two practical problems in implementation, they are the numerical accessibility problem and the physical admissibility problem. The numerical accessibility problem is due to the unknown external disturbances, which appears in the equivalent control. The physical admissibility problem arises in the reaching phase, in which the control law is to drive the current state to the sliding surface in one sampling period. In this paper, a one-step delay estimator for the disturbance is employed to approximate the equivalent control with an O(T/sup 2/) accuracy, where T is the sampling period. This leads to an O(T/sup 2/) boundary layer in the vicinity of the sliding surface. On the other hand, the control admissibility issue is solved by extending the reaching phase, leading to s/sub (k+1)/ = 0, with a positive on-line tuning parameter h.
Rate-Distortion Optimized Adaptive Scanning Order for Bitplane Image Coding Engines

This paper introduces an adaptive scanning order for bitplane image coding engines, which is devised from a rate-distortion optimization perspective that uses recent advances in coefficient modeling and distortion estimation. The main idea is to always select the next coefficient to be coded so that image distortion and code stream length are minimized. The sequence of visited coefficients is adapted as more coefficients are coded without need to explicitly transmit order information. Experimental results suggest that the proposed scanning order produces a code stream in which nearly all bits lie on the convex hull of the operation rate-distortion function.
An Inductively-Coupled 64b Organic RFID Tag Operating at 13.56MHz with a Data Rate of 787b/s

RFID systems operating at a base carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz can use low-cost inductive antennas on foil. In parallel to this coil, a capacitor on foil is used for matching the resonance frequency at 13.56 MHz. This LC-antenna detects the signal transmitted by the reader and energizes the organic rectifier with an AC-voltage at 13.56 MHz. From this voltage the rectifier generates the DC supply voltage for the 64 b organic transponder chip, which drives the modulation transistor between the on and off state with a 64b code sequence.
Mark Turner, The literary mind . Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1996 Pp. ix, 187. Hb $25.00.

Turner proposes here what might be called a poetics of everyday mind, in which cognitive analysis is a form of literary analysis, and literature becomes the empirical testing ground of the mind's ordinary work. Chaps. 1-2, "Bedtime with Shahrazad" and "Human meaning," present the mind as a story-maker, embodying in its architecture the tropes and figures of literary works. Mind is parabledriven because it projects stories onto other stories. In the image-schematic organization of the mind-brain lie the regular manifestations of literary imagination: sequencing, projection, prediction, evaluation etc. Turner assembles evidence for this mental poetics over the next five chapters, in which he aligns literary and cognitive structures. In Chaps. 3-4, "Body action" and "Figured tales," he describes how spatial and actional schemas project onto non-spatial and non-actional ones, following the dictates of body-in-mind schemas and metaphorical transfers (Johnson 1987). In Chaps. 5-6, "Creative blends" and "Many spaces," he illustrates the way two mental stories blend into a third the crux of parable by combining information, tracking and blending characters and roles, and shifting and blending viewpoints and focus. (Fauconnier 1985 on mental spaces is adapted to the mental-story framework.) Throughout, excerpts from literary texts frequently The thousand and one nights, Proust, or Dante illustrate the principles. Stories project into other stories; stories are driven by image schemas like LIFE IS A JOURNEY, or GENERIC IS SPECIFIC; stories shift and blend characters and roles. Such analysis leads Turner to a new theory of language itself (Chap. 8), in which every formalist of any stripe either gets a drubbing (e.g. Chomsky) or, in Turner's view, turns out to be a variant of himself subliminally arguing for elementary cognitive stories building into larger ones and merging as information is blended by parable across mental domains. I want to like Turner's theory because it is a readable and appealing account of integrated mental life; it reaches out to discourse, conceptual meaning, and real thinking in an honest way. But I am very uncomfortable with the picture of mind and language it presents, regardless of whether I believe that the formalists are correct in some way. I just think Turner is too vague to be right. His claims sweep across neurobiology, cognitive science, linguistics, and literary analysis; in doing
Species of Biocapital

Several scholars in science studies have lately sought to theorize the contemporary join of capitalism and biotechnology. A variety of terms have been forwarded to name how ‘life’ in the age of genomics, stem cell research, and reproductive technology has become enmeshed in market dynamics, and no term has become as prominent as biocapital. This article offers a classification of articulations of this concept, arguing that definitions of biocapital centre (with varying emphasis) on two transformations: in biotic substance and in economic speculation and sentiment. Experimenting with ways of representing diverse species of biocapital, this essay offers a timeline of intellectual history, a genealogy of scholarship, and a theory worksheet, which last the reader is invited to use to generate their own accounting of the bioeconomy.
Human papillomavirus genotypes and their prevalence in a cohort of women in Trinidad.

OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and their relative prevalences were determined in a cohort of 310 sexually active women in Trinidad, West Indies. METHODS Cervical samples were collected with Ayre's spatulas and endocervical brushes. Samples were used for the conventional Papanicolaou test and for determining HPV genotypes by amplification of a section of the viral L1 gene, followed by DNA sequencing and probe hybridization. RESULTS HPV infections were identified in 126 of 310 (40.6%) women. Of them, 83 (65.8%) were infected with high-risk HPV, 16 (12.7%) with low-risk HPV, and 27 (21.4%) with HPV types of unknown risk. HPV 52 (12.7%) was the most frequently occurring high-risk type, followed by HPV 66 (10.3%), HPV 16 (9.5%), and HPV 18 (8.6%). High-risk types HPV 16 and HPV 66 were each found in 3 (20.0%) and HPV 18 was found in 1 (6.6%) of the 15 women with abnormal cytology. CONCLUSIONS Cervical HPV prevalence and heterogeneity of HPV genotypes are high in this Trinidad cohort. The relative importance of HPV genotypes in the development of cervical lesions needs further investigation in Trinidad in order to better understand the epidemiology of HPV infections as well as to determine the role of HPV testing in the screening, prevention, and control of cervical cancer. This pilot study provided important information on the prevalence of HPV genotypes, which will be used in future nationwide studies.
Cellular Specific Expression of the Androgen‐Conjugating Enzymes UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 in the Human Prostate Epithelium

In humans, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD), 17β‐HSD, and 5α‐reductase enzymes convert dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, and testosterone into the most potent natural androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate. This androgen is transformed mainly in situ to two Phase I metabolites, androsterone (ADT) and androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (3α‐DIOL), which can, however, be back‐converted to DHT. Here, we report recent findings on the characterization of specific anti‐UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGT)2B15 and 2B17 antibodies and their use to identify UGT2B expressing‐cells in the human prostate epithelium. We found that UGT2B17 is expressed in basal cells where DHEA is converted into 3α‐DIOL and ADT. By contrast, the expression of UGT2B15 was observed only in luminal cells, where DHT is formed from testosterone. These results demonstrate that, in the human prostate, UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 genes have complementary roles, and are expressed in cells where their specific substrates are synthesized. This reinforces the hypothesis that UGT enzymes catalyze an important mechanism for modulating the action of steroids and protecting the steroid‐sensitive tissues from deleteriously high steroid concentrations.
The Genome of the Amoeba Symbiont “Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus” Reveals Common Mechanisms for Host Cell Interaction among Amoeba-Associated Bacteria

ABSTRACT Protozoa play host for many intracellular bacteria and are important for the adaptation of pathogenic bacteria to eukaryotic cells. We analyzed the genome sequence of “Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus,” an obligate intracellular amoeba symbiont belonging to the Bacteroidetes. The genome has a size of 1.89 Mbp, encodes 1,557 proteins, and shows massive proliferation of IS elements (24% of all genes), although the genome seems to be evolutionarily relatively stable. The genome does not encode pathways for de novo biosynthesis of cofactors, nucleotides, and almost all amino acids. “Ca. Amoebophilus asiaticus” encodes a variety of proteins with predicted importance for host cell interaction; in particular, an arsenal of proteins with eukaryotic domains, including ankyrin-, TPR/SEL1-, and leucine-rich repeats, which is hitherto unmatched among prokaryotes, is remarkable. Unexpectedly, 26 proteins that can interfere with the host ubiquitin system were identified in the genome. These proteins include F- and U-box domain proteins and two ubiquitin-specific proteases of the CA clan C19 family, representing the first prokaryotic members of this protein family. Consequently, interference with the host ubiquitin system is an important host cell interaction mechanism of “Ca. Amoebophilus asiaticus”. More generally, we show that the eukaryotic domains identified in “Ca. Amoebophilus asiaticus” are also significantly enriched in the genomes of other amoeba-associated bacteria (including chlamydiae, Legionella pneumophila, Rickettsia bellii, Francisella tularensis, and Mycobacterium avium). This indicates that phylogenetically and ecologically diverse bacteria which thrive inside amoebae exploit common mechanisms for interaction with their hosts, and it provides further evidence for the role of amoebae as training grounds for bacterial pathogens of humans.
Discretionary Data Bases

Organizational members routinely have access to information that may benefit other employees and that may be shared through new information technologies. This discretionary information can be viewed as having the properties of a public good, enabling the development of a number of powerful propositions from a few simple assumptions. Generally, discretionary information will be undersupplied. A conceptual framework is developed to propose that reduced contribution rates occur in the following situations: a) greater contribution costs, b) larger groups of participants, c) lower values of information to participants, and d) greater asymmetries in information value and benefits across participants. A series of experiments are reported that provide preliminary support for these expectations. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.
CPPC: Correctable parity protected cache

Due to shrinking feature sizes processors are becoming more vulnerable to soft errors. Write-back caches are particularly vulnerable since they hold dirty data that do not exist in other memory levels. While conventional error correcting codes can protect write-back caches, it has been shown that they are expensive in terms of area and power. This paper proposes a new reliable write-back cache called Correctable Parity Protected Cache (CPPC) which adds error correction capability to a parity-protected cache. For this purpose, CPPC augments a write-back parity-protected cache with two registers: the first register stores the XOR of all data written to the cache and the second register stores the XOR of all dirty data that are removed from the cache. CPPC relies on parity to detect a fault and then on the two XOR registers to correct faults. By a novel combination of byte shifting and parity interleaving CPPC corrects both single and spatial multi-bit faults to provide a high degree of reliability. We compare CPPC with one-dimensional parity, SECDED (Single Error Correction Double Error Detection) and two-dimensional parity-protected caches. Our simulation results show that CPPC provides a high level of reliability while its overheads are less than the overheads of SECDED and two-dimensional parity.
Ethnicity and Blood Pressure

The prevalence, impact, and control of hypertension differ across racial and ethnic subgroups in the United States population. Whether race/ethnicity should be a significant consideration in the choice of individual antihypertensive drugs continues to be a topic of intense interest and debate. This brief review will discuss recent findings that bear on the management of hypertension in these special patient groups.
Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes.

CONTEXT Among persons diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of foot ulcers is 4% to 10%, the annual population-based incidence is 1.0% to 4.1%, and the lifetime incidence may be as high as 25%. These ulcers frequently become infected, cause great morbidity, engender considerable financial costs, and are the usual first step to lower extremity amputation. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence on the efficacy of methods advocated for preventing diabetic foot ulcers in the primary care setting. DATA SOURCES, STUDY SELECTION, AND DATA EXTRACTION The EBSCO, MEDLINE, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse databases were searched for articles published between January 1980 and April 2004 using database-specific keywords. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also searched, along with the Cochrane Library and relevant Web sites. We reviewed the retrieved literature for pertinent information, paying particular attention to prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials. DATA SYNTHESIS Prevention of diabetic foot ulcers begins with screening for loss of protective sensation, which is best accomplished in the primary care setting with a brief history and the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. Specialist clinics may quantify neuropathy with biothesiometry, measure plantar foot pressure, and assess lower extremity vascular status with Doppler ultrasound and ankle-brachial blood pressure indices. These measurements, in conjunction with other findings from the history and physical examination, enable clinicians to stratify patients based on risk and to determine the type of intervention. Educating patients about proper foot care and periodic foot examinations are effective interventions to prevent ulceration. Other possibly effective clinical interventions include optimizing glycemic control, smoking cessation, intensive podiatric care, debridement of calluses, and certain types of prophylactic foot surgery. The value of various types of prescription footwear for ulcer prevention is not clear. CONCLUSIONS Substantial evidence supports screening all patients with diabetes to identify those at risk for foot ulceration. These patients might benefit from certain prophylactic interventions, including patient education, prescription footwear, intensive podiatric care, and evaluation for surgical interventions.