Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precision Monitoring of Antithrombotic Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease

Thrombosis, the process of blood clot formation in blood vessels, is an important protective mechanism for avoiding excessive blood spillage when an individual is exposed to trauma. The body has both a thrombosis inhibition and a thrombus removal system, which interact in a balanced manner. If these mechanisms become unbalanced, and too many clots form and block the lumen, thrombosis occurs. Thrombosis is currently the leading cause of death from disease in humans and is one of the most common events leading to many cardiovascular diseases. Antithrombotic drugs are an integral part of the pharmacological treatment regimens, and interventional strategies are currently recommended for thrombotic complications in patients with thrombosis. Despite major advances in these therapies, the high risk associated with thrombosis and bleeding remains, because of the complex interplay among patient comorbidities, drug combinations, multifaceted dose adjustments, and care settings. Detailed assessment of the effects of bleeding and thrombosis is necessary to establish optimal treatment plans for patients with thrombosis. This study retrospectively evaluated methods for assessing the risk of bleeding/ischemia in thrombosis and the individualized use of these methods.
The Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose–CaHPO4 Mixtures in Different Volume Ratios on the Compaction and Structural–Mechanical Properties of Tablets

Using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with plastic behaviour and calcium phosphate anhydrous (CaHPO4) with brittle behaviour under compaction is very popular in the pharmaceutical industry for achieving desirable structural–mechanical properties of tablet formulations. Thus, mixtures of specific grades of MCC and CaHPO4 were tested in volume proportions of 100-0, 75-25, 50-50, 25-75, and 0-100 at a constant weight-by-weight concentration of sodium stearyl fumarate lubricant, utilizing a state-of-the-art benchtop compaction simulator (STYL’One Nano). Tablet formulations were prepared at 100, 150, 250, 350, 450, and 500 MPa, and characterized by tabletability profile, ejection force profile, proportion–tensile strength relationship, proportion–porosity relationship, pressure–displacement, and elastic recovery profiles, as well as by in-/out-of-die Heckel plots and yield pressures. Interestingly, the 25-75 formulation demonstrated a two-stage out-of-die Heckel plot and was additionally investigated with X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). By post-processing the µCT data, the degree of brittle CaHPO4 particles falling apart, along with the increasing compression pressure, was quantified by means of the surface area to volume (S/V) ratio. For the 25-75 formulation, the first stage (up to 150 MPa) and second stage (above the 150 MPa) of the out-of-die Heckel plot could be attributed to predominant MCC and CaHPO4 deformation, respectively.
Correlation between the Degree of Forward Head Posture and Hamstring Muscles Tightness in Non-Specific Neck Pain

Introduction: Anterior translation, also recognized as Forward Head Posture (FHP), is a pathology that happens when the head moves forward from the vertical line of gravity. FHP can cause significant problems, such as fascial stretching at the lower cervical level, shortening of the upper cervical segment, hamstring tightness, and back fascial limitation at the hamstring and calf muscles levels. Aim of this study: This study aimed to determine the correlation between forward head posture and hamstring, calf muscles tightness. Methods: The study involved 84 university students of both sexes, with a mean age of 21.96 ± 2.25 years for males and a mean age of 22.05 ± 2 years for females, and a mean BMI of 22.32 ± 1.68 kg/m 2 for males and a mean of 22 ± 1.7 kg/m 2 for females. The sample size included only those with a craniovertebral angle (CVA) measurement of less than 49 0 , which was determined using the photogrammetry method. The study was conducted to establish the degree of correlation among FHP and hamstring-calf muscles by using the active knee extension test (AKE test), as well as the passive straight leg raise test (PSLR) for hamstring muscles tightness using the ankle dorsiflexion with the knee extended (ADFKE), in addition to ankle dorsiflexion with the knee flexed (ADFKF) for calf muscles tightness. Results: There was a weak significant direct correlation (r=0.300, p=0.034) between CVA and right hamstring tightness as measured by PSLR in males with a normal BMI. Conclusion: Forward head posture (FHP) weakly correlates with hamstring tightness in males with normal BMI, therefore treatment program should include hamstring muscles stretching.
A 1‐D analytical method for estimating surface water–groundwater interactions and effective thermal diffusivity using temperature time series

In order to manage surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) as a single resource, it is necessary that the interactions between them are understood and quantified. Heat, as a natural tracer of water movement, is increasingly being used for this purpose. However, analytical methods that are commonly used are limited by uncertainties in the effective thermal diffusivity of the sediments at the SW‐GW interface. We present a novel 1‐D analytical method. It utilizes both the amplitude ratio and phase shift of pairs of temperature time series at the SW‐GW interface to estimate the Darcy velocity. This eliminates both the need to specify a value for effective thermal diffusivity and the need for iteration. The method also allows for an estimation of effective thermal diffusivity, which can indicate periods where assumptions to the analytical solution are violated. Riverbed temperature data from the Murray Darling Basin (Australia) are used to illustrate the method.
UC Berkeley Latin American and Caribbean Law and Economics Association ( ALACDE ) Annual Papers Title

By using an economic model this paper describes and analyzes different forms of equilibrium within the market of the adhesion contracts where information is asymmetric and the agreement drafters decide which type of contract to offer considering that information is expensive for those who adhere. Under such conditions equilibriums are met in which contracts exist with the minimum possible quality associated to a price. In line with the economic analysis of law, the author concludes that the market is unable to correct inefficient agreements and this produces a limitation to the freedom of contract. This situation requires the implementation of controls over the contents of the adhesion contracts in order to ameliorate this result.
Simple and Accurate Computation of Rotor Eddy-Current Losses in Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines Accounting for Magnet Circumferential Segmentation

Extensive literature has been produced on the investigation of eddy current losses in Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet (SPM) electric machines in presence of circumferential segmentation by analytical solution of two-dimensional (2D) models. What is missing in the present literature and constitutes the aim of this paper is a simple but accurate procedure enabling the designer to quickly and easily estimate the impact of circumferential segmentation on permanent-magnet loss reduction. The problem is hereinafter addressed in two stages: first the Helmholtz equation is solved in the permanent magnet region neglecting segmentation; then suitable gauge fixing terms are added to the vector potential and eddy current field solutions to account for segmentation. Unlike existing approaches, the method leads to manageable formulas whose accuracy is extensively assessed against finite element simulations on an example SPM machine equipped with a fractional-slot concentrated winding. Furthermore, simple practical rules are derived and validated regarding the impact of magnet segmentation on permanent-magnet losses caused by air-gap magnetic field space harmonics of different orders.
Marine Snake Diversity in the Mouth of the Muar River, Malaysia

Prior to entering the Straits of Malacca the Muar River meanders nearly at sea level for about 20 kilometers. Much of this portion of the river is influenced by semi-diurnal tides that occur in the Straits. In the 1970s and 1980s several stationary stake nets (kelongs) located adjacent to the town of Muar were operated by local fisherman. Besides the sought after catch of shrimp, squid, and fish, the harvest from these nets often included a by-catch of marine snakes. Collections over a period of eight months revealed that eight resident species were present in the mouth of the Muar River and that the beaked sea snake, Enhydrina schistosa, strongly dominated the assemblage of snakes. Surprisingly the relative abundance of species differed between several of the nets despite the fact that they were all located in a relatively small area and in one place located within just ~10 m of each other. Some small differences in species diversity between tidal periods were also detected at one of the nets. A review of published marine snake surveys conducted in Southeast Asian and Australian seas revealed that only four provided data on relative abundance of marine snake species in a defined small area on a scale of < 100 km2 . Although the Muar survey demonstrated the lowest species diversity values of the published studies, it also covered the smallest spatial scale surveyed and yet it still revealed differences within the survey area. This work emphasizes the fact that marine snake species diversity needs to be understood on a fine spatial scale before surveys done by trawling, which cover thousands of km2, can be interpreted in ecological terms.
Women with Gaucher Disease

Gaucher disease is an inherited disorder in which there is a deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, which leads to the accumulation of glucosylceramide. Although much scientific evidence is now available, there is still limited data on the impact on the different life stages of women with this disease. Among other alterations, a delay in menarche has been described, although it has not been related to fertility problems. Menorrhagia is relatively frequent, being related to the presence of thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathies or coagulation disorders. On the other hand, pregnancy planning is an increasingly frequent concern. All patients should undergo genetic counseling, and it is important to monitor the appearance or worsening of organomegaly, bone and hematologic abnormalities to establish clinical and therapeutic recommendations. Management during the puerperium will depend on the evolution of gestation, and, during the lactation period, the potential appearance of bone complications should be assessed. An early onset of menopause, compared to the general population, has also been described, which may accelerate the development of osteopenia. Finally, although the usual screening protocols for neoplasms are currently being performed, it is recommended to watch for early signs of liver or renal neoplasms when examining the results of imaging tests performed during evaluations for this disease.
Wake Effects of Large Offshore Wind Farms - a study of the Mesoscale Atmophere

The power production contribution to the power system from offshore wind energy is continuously increasing in the northern European countries. A better understanding of the influence of wind farms to those downstream and to the lower atmosphere will help optimising energy production from large wind farm clusters. Mesoscale models allow the simulation of large domains sufficiently to capture large wind farms and surroundings at reasonable computational costs, but processes below the horizontal resolution remain unresolved and have to be parametrised, such as the effects of the wind turbines to the flow. In the past, several approaches have been introduced, ranging from surface roughness change to drag approaches which usually also add turbulence. A new scheme is implemented in the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Measurements from Horns Rev I are used to evaluate the new scheme together with that in the WRF model. Results show an improvement of robustness in vertical resolution dependency. Furthermore, the velocity and “turbulence kinetic energy” fields agree better to those of high resolution models. The two schemes are applied to various problems. A hypothetical offshore wind farm in northern California, shows a sensitivity of the velocity field around the wind farm to atmospheric conditions aloft. For a shallow boundary layer capped by a steep inversion, gravity waves were generated, with related anomalies of the atmospheric variables aloft. Dependencies of the wind farm efficiency and the wind farm’s wake recovery to different atmospheric conditions aloft were found in an idealised case study. Moreover, the wind farm efficiency to different climates for wind farm sizes up to 375 km2 was examined. The modelled production varied with wind climate and were well above 1 W m−2, contrary to another study. Finally, wind farm shadowing was studied for the worst case scenario, in which two wind farms are perfectly aligned. For this scenario, considerable production losses of the downstream wind farm are expected, even with a separation of 5 wind farm lengths. DTU-PhD-35(EN) December 2013 ISBN 978-87-92896-78-0
Reducing Risks at Community Level A Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment of two Villages in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

The present research work consist of a comprehensive Vulnerability and Capacity assessment (VCA) of two rural-urban villages in Yogyakarta Special District, Indonesia, Puton and Karangsemut conducted in cooperation with IIS-PoHA in the period between July and November 2013. Following the model of Participatory Action Research, the study was conducted using classic qualitative methods such as expert interviews, participatory observations and Focus Group Discussions including a wide variety of Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques. The data collection process was further complemented with a household vulnerability and capacities survey targeting a total of 483 families. The overall aim of the research was divided in two main parts. Firstly, the study introduces and examines the applicability of the Pressure and Release (PAR) and Access models to conduct a comprehensive vulnerability analysis. Secondly, and building upon the results and conclusions of the first part, the research has a more practical goal of finding solutions and making viable recommendations for practitioners who want to design and implement a CBDRR pilot project in the research contexts. The theoretical part of the research provides a review of the definitions of the several concepts related to the PAR and Access models as well as CBDRR. Concepts such as hazard, vulnerability, capacity, disaster, risk, community-based, local knowledge and resilience are examined and redefined in accordance to the particular contexts studied. The second part establishes the actual capacities and vulnerabilities of the two target communities. The research concludes with recommendations for aid practitioners working in DRR and identifies potential partners in the implementation of a CBDRR program.
Computational Design of an In-Line Coaxial-to-Circular Waveguide Adapter with More Than an Octave Bandwidth

This paper presents a computer-simulation-based design of an in-line, coaxial-to-circular waveguide adapter for converting the coaxial transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode to the circular waveguide TE11 mode over more than a one-octave bandwidth. The proposed adapter consists of a coaxial-to-rectangular waveguide transformer employing a stepped-ridge converter and a rectangular-to-circular waveguide transformer employing a curved transition. The proposed adapter has been optimized using a commercial simulation tool. The dimensions of the designed adapter are given so that it can be verified by anyone who is interested. The designed adapter operates from 8.00 GHz to 22.95 GHz (2.87:1 bandwidth) with a reflection coefficient of less than −20 dB and a higher-order mode level of less than −25.0 dB.
National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26, 2023, at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Centre (PKLI & RC) after initial consultations with the experts. The Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases (PSSLD) and PKLI & RC jointly organised this meeting. This effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA). The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these patients. This coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective palliation. The diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Brush cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for diagnosis. However, histopathologic confirmation is not always required before resection. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for staging. The only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification. Selected patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver transplantation. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of recurrence. The use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary discussions. Patients with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage. Palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.
Purpose in life as a resilience factor for brain health: diffusion MRI findings from the Midlife in the U.S. study

Introduction A greater sense of purpose in life is associated with several health benefits relevant for active aging, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We evaluated if purpose in life was associated with indices of brain health. Methods We examined data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Neuroscience Project. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging data (n=138; mean age 65.2 years, age range 48-95; 80 females; 37 black, indigenous, and people of color) were used to estimate microstructural indices of brain health such as axonal density, and axonal orientation. The seven-item purpose in life scale was used. Permutation analysis of linear models was used to examine associations between purpose in life scores and the diffusion metrics in white matter and in the bilateral hippocampus, adjusting for age, sex, education, and race. Results and discussion Greater sense of purpose in life was associated with brain microstructural features consistent with better brain health. Positive associations were found in both white matter and the right hippocampus, where multiple convergent associations were detected. The hippocampus is a brain structure involved in learning and memory that is vulnerable to stress but retains the capacity to grow and adapt through old age. Our findings suggest pathways through which an enhanced sense of purpose in life may contribute to better brain health and promote healthy aging. Since purpose in life is known to decline with age, interventions and policy changes that facilitate a greater sense of purpose may extend and improve the brain health of individuals and thus improve public health.
The impact of particle size of nanostructured lipid carriers on follicular drug delivery: A comprehensive analysis of mouse and human hair follicle penetration

Introduction: Follicular delivery is one of the targeted drug delivery methods aiming to target the hair follicles. The accumulation and retention time of targeted drugs is enhanced when nanoparticles are used as drug carriers. Particle size is one of the important factors affecting the penetration and accumulation of particles in the hair follicles, and there is a controversy in different studies for the best particle size for follicular delivery. Mouse models are mostly used in clinical trials for dermal, transdermal, and follicular delivery studies. Also, it is essential to investigate the reliability of the results between human studies and mouse models. Methods: Curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), as a fluorescent agent, with three different particle size ranges were prepared using the hot homogenization method and applied topically on the mouse and human study groups. Biopsies were taken from applied areas on different days after using the formulation. The histopathology studies were done on the skin biopsies of both groups using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We compared the confocal laser scanning microscope pictures of different groups, in terms of penetration and retention time of nanoparticles in human and mouse hair follicles. Results: The best particle size in both models was the 400 nm group but the penetration and accumulation of particles in human and mouse hair follicles were totally different even for the 400 nm group. In human studies, 400 nm particles showed good accumulation after seven days; this result can help to increase the formulation using intervals. Conclusion: The best particle size for human and mouse follicular drug delivery is around 400 nm and although mouse models are not completely suitable for follicular delivery studies, they can be used in some conditions as experimental models.
Comparison of the Field Trapping Ability of MgB2 and Hybrid Disc-Shaped Layouts

Superconductors have revolutionized magnet technology, surpassing the limitations of traditional coils and permanent magnets. This work experimentally investigates the field-trapping ability of a MgB2 disc at various temperatures and proposes new hybrid (MgB2-soft iron) configurations using a numerical approach based on the vector potential (A→) formulation. The experimental characterization consists in measurements of trapped magnetic flux density carried out using cryogenic Hall probes located at different radial positions over the MgB2 sample, after a field cooling (FC) process and the subsequent removal of the applied field. Measurements were performed also as a function of the distance from the disc surface. The numerical modelling of the superconductor required the evaluation of the critical current density dependence on the magnetic flux density (Jc(B)) obtained through an iterative procedure whose output were successfully validated by the comparison between experimental and computed data. The numerical model, upgraded to also describe the in-field behavior of ARMCO soft iron, was then employed to predict the field-trapping ability of hybrid layouts of different shapes. The most promising results were achieved by assuming a hollow superconducting disc filled with a ferromagnetic (FM) cylinder. With such a geometry, optimizing the radius of the FM cylinder while the external dimensions of the superconducting disc are kept unchanged, an improvement of more than 30% is predicted with respect to the full superconducting disc, assuming a working temperature of 20 K.