Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sphere sedimentation in wormlike micelles: Effect of micellar relaxation spectrum and gradients in micellar extensions

We report experiments on the flow of wormlike micellar solutions based on cetylpyridinium chloride/sodium salicylate past a falling sphere via a combination of particle tracking velocimetry, particle image velocimetry, rheology, and flow induced birefringence (FIB). Recent studies have shown that beyond a critical extensional Deborah number, a falling sphere in wormlike micelles never reaches a constant terminal velocity; instead, it settles with an unsteady velocity. This behavior is linked to the wormlike micellar chain scission in the wake of the sphere. Similar instabilities in viscoelastic polymer solutions, where polymer chain scission is highly unlikely, are thought to be the results of a single-mode relaxation spectrum of the polymer chains or the asymmetry in the polymer chain extensions on the flanks of the falling sphere. In this paper, we examine the effect of micellar relaxation spectrum and gradients in micellar extensions on sphere instability in wormlike micelles over a wide range of flow parameters (10−2 < DeE < 40.7 and 10−6 < Re < 10). In wormlike micelles with a single-mode relaxation spectrum, the sphere instability occurs for DeE ≥ 2.6. However, for similar conditions (2.5 ≤ DeE ≤ 40.7 and 10−2 < Re < 10), spheres never exhibit unsteady motion in the wormlike micelles with a broad spectrum of relaxation times. This indicates the importance of the micellar relaxation spectrum on dynamics of sphere sedimentation in wormlike micelles. We show that a criterion based on the ratio of dissipated energy to the stored elastic energy of micelles can successfully describe the effect of micellar relaxation spectrum on sphere sedimentation dynamics. In addition, for conditions that give rise to sphere instability, FIB indicates that micellar extensions on sphere sideways are perfectly symmetric.We report experiments on the flow of wormlike micellar solutions based on cetylpyridinium chloride/sodium salicylate past a falling sphere via a combination of particle tracking velocimetry, particle image velocimetry, rheology, and flow induced birefringence (FIB). Recent studies have shown that beyond a critical extensional Deborah number, a falling sphere in wormlike micelles never reaches a constant terminal velocity; instead, it settles with an unsteady velocity. This behavior is linked to the wormlike micellar chain scission in the wake of the sphere. Similar instabilities in viscoelastic polymer solutions, where polymer chain scission is highly unlikely, are thought to be the results of a single-mode relaxation spectrum of the polymer chains or the asymmetry in the polymer chain extensions on the flanks of the falling sphere. In this paper, we examine the effect of micellar relaxation spectrum and gradients in micellar extensions on sphere instability in wormlike micelles over a wide range of flow .
Biogenic Elements and Heavy Metals in Hermann’s Tortoises—Testudo hermanni: Effect on Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Status Parameters

Simple Summary Animal health is directly linked to viability of the population, which may be affected by anthropogenic activities and diseases. Biomarkers such as serum chemistry and parameters of oxidative balance are good indicators of an overall biological status, providing information on the effects of contaminants on the organism. The objective of this work was to analyze biochemical and molecular indicators and their correlations to biogenic and risk elements in Testudo hermanni. Biochemical parameters were analyzed using the commercial kit DiaSys and biochemical analyzer Randox RX Monza. Sodium, potassium, and chlorides were measured using the EasyLite analyzer. Oxidative stress was evaluated using colorimetric and luminometric methods. Quantification of chemical elements in the animal blood was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Biochemical values of analyzed samples from Hermann’s tortoises were almost the same as referential values described by multiple authors, with minor aberrations in the total protein parameter. Values of arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) showed correlation with biochemical parameters and the parameters of oxidative stress. Cadmium (Cd) exhibited correlation with the biochemical parameter aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Finally, this study detected heavy metals and their significant correlations with selected biochemical and molecular parameters in Hermann’s tortoises. Abstract Background: Conservation of species diversity is the need of the hour for preserving life forms on Earth. Extinction of any part of the ecosystem has negative impacts on many processes and systems. The objective of this work was to analyze some biochemical and molecular indicators and their correlations to biogenic elements and heavy metals in Testudo hermanni (n = 16). Methods: Biochemical parameters were analyzed using the commercial kit DiaSys and biochemical analyzer Randox RX Monza. Sodium, potassium, and chlorides were measured using the EasyLite analyzer. Oxidative stress was evaluated using colorimetric and luminometric methods. Quantification of chemical elements in the blood was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPS). Results: Biochemical values of analyzed samples from Hermann’s tortoises were almost the same as referential values described by multiple authors, with minor aberrations in the total protein parameter. Values of arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) showed correlation with biochemical parameters and the parameters of oxidative stress. Cadmium (Cd) exhibited correlation with aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Conclusions: This study reports correlations among four heavy metals, and their levels were again correlated with biochemical and molecular parameters in Hermann’s tortoises.
Precise Construction and Growth of Submillimeter Two-Dimensional WSe2 and MoSe2 Monolayers

Currently, as shown by large-scale research on two-dimensional materials in the field of nanoelectronics and catalysis, the construction of large-area two-dimensional materials is crucial for the development of devices and their application in photovoltaics, sensing, optoelectronics, and energy generation/storage. Here, using atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition, we developed a method to regulate growth conditions according to the growth mechanism for WSe2 and MoSe2 materials. By accurately controlling the hydrogen flux within the range of 1 sccm and the distance between the precursor and the substrate, we obtained large-size films of single atomic layers with thicknesses of only about 1 nm. When growing the samples, we could not only obtain a 100 percent proportion of samples with the same shape, but the samples could also be glued into pieces of 700 μm and above in size, changing the shape and making it possible to reach the millimeter/submillimeter level visible to the naked eye. Our method is an effective method for the growth of large-area films with universal applicability.
Polarization properties of vector solitons generated by modulation instability in a fiber with circular birefringence

Abstract. We analyzed the two coupled propagation equations in a circularly birefringent fiber. We found that the difference between perpendicular and parallel Raman gain results in energy transform from a slow to fast circularly polarized component. We have shown this effect analytically and by a numerical simulation. We analyzed and measured the polarization of solitons generated by modulation instability and we found that polarization ellipticity of solitons is distributed randomly; however, the ellipticity of polarization is close to the polarization of the input pulse and always is shifted toward the circular polarization. Therefore, if a circularly polarized pulse is launched at the fiber input then the produced solitons are also circularly polarized. In the experiment, we used SMF-28 twisted fiber by 6 turns/m; the fiber twist mitigated the random linear birefringence, and the fiber was pumped by 1-ns pulse. We have found that circular polarization of the pump pulse in the twisted fiber produces circularly polarized solitons with a high grade of polarization while in the fiber without twist the soliton polarization was random.
Analysis of Selective User Forwarding in Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Channel Aging

Cell-free massive multiple-input-multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems provide spectral efficiency (SE) gains with a more uniform quality-of-service in the network area compared to cellular massive MIMO schemes but at the expense of higher capacity requirements on the fronthaul links. To reduce the signaling overhead on fronthaul links, we propose a selective user forwarding method for uplink data transmissions in CF-mMIMO systems, where each access point (AP) forwards the data of only a selected subset of users to the central processing unit (CPU) for joint processing. The simulation results show that the selective user forwarding scheme achieves nearly the same performance as a CF-mMIMO system with selected number of users, $M$ , being equal to less than one-fourth of the total number of users in the network and resulting in a fronthaul signaling savings of about 75%. We then analytically study the performance of the proposed system in the presence of channel aging by deriving expressions for SE. The numerical evaluation of these expressions is shown to be close to the simulation results.
Estimating tree volume based on crown mapping by UAV pictures in the Amazon Forest

The use of remote sensing images obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems enables measuring the morphometry of the tree canopy to estimate the volume stock in the Amazon Forest. In this study, we used RGB images from a low-cost UAV to map tree species and extract volumetric stock estimates in an Amazonian Forest. Individual tree crowns (ITC) were outlined in the UAV images and identified to the species level using forest inventory data. The average diameter and crown area of the trees were measured to estimate the volume, basal area and DBH per diameter class for 260 ha of tropical forest. The RMSE volume adjustment for the separate field inventory dataset was 19.31% with an R2 of 0.967. The UAV system images has the potential to map tree species and estimate tree biometry in the Amazon Forest, providing valuable insights for forest management and conservation.
¿Va primero el verbo? OR ¿El sujeto va primero?: Subject-verb order in Latin American Spanish

This paper investigates subject-verb placement for unaccusative and unergative verbs in Spanish, focusing on syntactic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic factors that predict placement. The study aims to answer three questions: (1) Does the unergative/unaccusative divide influence SV/VS order acceptability? , (2) What are the dialectal differences in subject placement acceptability in Spanish? , and (3) Does sentence context affect subject placement preference? The study collected data from sixty-nine Spanish speakers from the Caribbean, Chile, and Mexico, who provided 1656 acceptability ratings on sentences with different subject-verb orders. The findings indicate that both verb type and pragmatic conditions predict word preferability, with VS order preferred when the verb is unaccusative, and SV order preferred overall. The study adds to the literature by establishing the connection between argument structure and information structure and supporting the Unaccusative Hypothesis.
Effect of text-messaging on treatment adherence practices among young people living with HIV in Niger State, Nigeria

Recent studies reveal that Youths living with HIV (YLHIV) enrolled in HIV treatment experience a higher rate of interruption in treatment, sub-optimal medication adherence, and greater HIV-related mortality compared with other age groups. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of text messaging on medication adherence and antiretroviral-therapy (ART) retention practices among YLHIV in Niger state, Nigeria. The study was a quasi-experimental design in two selected hospitals. One hospital was assigned to a once-weekly text message intervention (TMI) for six weeks, and the 2nd served as the control group (CG). Data were collected at baseline, immediate post-intervention, and at the sixth-week follow-up. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that between baseline and immediate post-intervention, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the mean score of knowledge, perception, medication-adherence, and ART retention practices (from 9.62±12.28 to 22.98±4.57; 32.21±30.01 to 79.04±4.13; 13.50±8.41 to 26.65±13.15; 6.62±3.53 to 15.15±2.42) but there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the CG (from 10.29±11.08 to 10.58±10.74, 34.81±25.15 to 35.81±24.80, 17.13±9.23 to 17.23±9.16, 9.00±5.59 to 9.00±5.59) respectively. Between baseline and 6th week follow-up, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) with a large effect size for knowledge (1.6), perception (2.2), medication-adherence (2.2) and ART retention practices (3.1) but no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the CG for all measures with an effect size of 0. The text messages intervention effectively influenced knowledge and perception of YLHIV, thereby improving treatment adherence practices. In addition, findings from this study can be used to design projects or interventions for scaling up the use of mobile phone text messaging to promote the adoption of health innovations and influence mHealth policy dialogue and review .
Matrix-Scaled Consensus on Weighted Networks With State Constraints

This article studies the constrained matrix-scaled consensus problem in networked systems, which is a novel generalization of conventional scaled consensus with scalar ratios. By introducing positive definite and negative definite scaling matrices, dynamical agents in a cooperative network are enabled to converge to equilibria regulated by the inverse of their individual scaling matrices. In our framework, the final states of agents can be related by a general matrix transformation accommodating the correlation between state components instead of just by a scalar multiplication in the conventional scaled consensus scenario. Moreover, we propose a gradient-based distributed protocol to guarantee that the states of all agents remain in their respective constraint sets. The analysis tool developed in this article is based on matrix analysis and Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. In particular, we show that the consensus-reaching process can be accelerated by utilizing a constraint set.
Three-dimensional unsteady RANS model for hydraulic jumps

ABSTRACT Hydraulic jump is a classical problem cause due to transition of flow from supercritical state to subcritical state. In this study, application of three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier stokes model for hydraulic jump is proposed. The basic equations of k – ε model and Reynolds equation are solved for three-dimensional flow field of hydraulic jump. Both the standard and non-linear form of k – ε model is considered in the simulation. The computed results are compared with the previous experimental and theoretical results. The comparisons of water surface profile showed that, more local energy dissipation is observed for the non-linear k – ε model. However, the vertical distributions of stream-wise velocities within the jump, for both the models reproduced the close agreement with the theoretical and experimental data. The pronounced effect of the non-linearity is observed in stream-wise turbulence intensity distribution, where non-linear k – ε model produced reasonable agreement with the previous theoretical data as compared to the standard k – ε model. Apart from the turbulence intensity, the non-linear k – ε model also reproduced the distribution of turbulent energy dissipation rate, within hydraulic jump effectively. Finally, it is concluded that the present study could reproduce the turbulent characteristics of hydraulic jump considerably in view of the non-linear k – ε model.
Enhancing privacy‐preserving mechanisms in Cloud storage: A novel conceptual framework

Data privacy is critical for users who want to use Cloud storage services. There is a significant focus on Cloud service providers to address this need. However, in the evolving dynamic cyber‐space, privacy infractions are rising and pose threats to Cloud storage infrastructures. Several studies developed various models and techniques to ensure the privacy of Cloud storage contents. However, these models came with several shortages in the privacy‐preserving attributes they cover. Thus, this article identified a comprehensive set of Cloud data storage privacy‐preserving attributes to propose a flexible and efficient framework to handle the privacy problem. This framework uses a multi‐layer encryption storage structure and a one‐time password authentication technique. The findings of this article intend to help future communities to enhance existing techniques or develop new research‐based practical alternatives. Since Cloud computing is a rapidly growing technology, new privacy vulnerabilities emerge daily. Future research might confirm the findings of this article and test the suggested framework in different contexts.
Sarcopenia and Tuberculosis: Is There Any Connection?

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) infection is a life-threatening infection caused by certain bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. More than 10 million subjects are newly sick from this infection every year globally. At the same time, TB is quite prevalent among subjects who come from lower socioeconomic layers of general population, and marginalized sections and areas. Sarcopenia is a muscle disease that derives from adverse muscle alterations and is related to the loss of muscle strength and mass. It is a major medical issue due to its increased adverse outcomes including falls, functional decline, frailty, hospitalizations, increased mortality, and healthcare costs. Methods: This study examined the potential interplay between the TB infection and sarcopenia through conducting a non-systematic review of the current literature. Results: It has been recorded that the prevalence of sarcopenia among TB survivors is high, whilst the danger of TB among the elderly increases with sarcopenia and physical inactivity. Nevertheless, sufficient protein and total energy intake are associated with a low risk of sarcopenia in TB survivors. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to validate these findings and shed more light on the upcoming different aspects of this intriguing association.
The decay h→ µτ in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-parity

We calculate the one loop contributions to h→µτ decay in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity. We include mirror fermions and odd gauge bosons loops. We find that for a special choice of the mixing matrix of mirror fermion kii = 0.2 and kii = 0.45, the branching fraction is the order 10-3 — 10-2 and 10-2 — 10-1, respectively, with an energy scale ƒ = 0.5 — 2TeV. However, our results are a function of the square of the product of mixing matrices |V†HμVHτ|2.
The Behavior of Students with Regard to School Culture in High Schools

Background: The culture of the school is one of the most significant factors to consider when trying to create an efficient learning and working environment for the staff, teachers, and students at the schools. Aim: The purpose of the research was explained to the behavior of students with regard to school culture in high schools. Methods: The study was conducted in Hue, Vietnam, from 2021 to 2022, and it sampled two high schools with a total of 339 students and 55 teachers. Results: The research questionnaire was prepared by teachers and students at the high school level, and it was based on the behavioral manifestations of high school students. According to the instructors and other students, the students have a sense of cultural conduct. This includes respecting adults, including their parents, teachers, and other school officials, as well as dressing in a manner that is acceptable for their age and the situation. Nonetheless, there are still some children who do not dress well, who are not appropriate for the situation, who behave inappropriately toward teachers and other school officials, and who are likely to pick up risky behaviors such as smoking, gambling, and other such activities. Conclusion and Implications: The findings of this study on the behaviors and cultural expressions of high school students have made it possible for educators and teachers to design curriculum that is suitable for their students. Received: 17 April 2023 / Accepted: 20 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023
LIMIT THEOREMS FOR RANDOM WALKS ON LIE GROUPS

The aim of this paper is to prove the analogue of the classical central limit theorem under Lindeberg's conditions, when the random variables take values in a Lie group. Actually we consider the convergence of the associated random walks to the corresponding "Gaussian" process with independent increments. There have been various generalizations arrived at earlier. For instance the locally compact abelian group has been treated in Parthasarathy, Rao and Varadhan (1963). One can find some partial results in the noncommutative case in Parthasarathy (1964) and Wehn (1962). A survey of the results known until then appears in Sazanov and Tutubalin (1966). But there seems to be no complete theory.
Three-Dimensional Study of Multiple-Jet Cross Flow Cooling System with Single Array of Heat Sources

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to predict fluid flow and thermal characteristics associated with forced convection cooling of an array of heat sources mounted in a three-dimensional duct by impinging jets in the presence of cross flow. The equations governing fluid flow and heat transfer are solved using Streamline Upwind / Petrov - Galerkin based finite element method. The role of three dimensional flow structures, horseshoe vortex and counter rotating vortex pair in overall heat transfer distribution is examined. A parametric study is performed to analyze the performance of jets in cross flow for various Reynolds numbers (Re = 100, 250, 500) and velocity ratios (VR = 1.0, 5.0, 10.0). It is observed that with the increase in velocity ratio, the enhancement of heat transfer from heat sources occurs due to increase in the dominance of jet flow accompanied by an unfavorable reduction in heat transfer owing to the increase in size of horseshoe vortex. From numerical studies, it can be concluded that VR = 5.0 exhibits higher overall surface averaged Nusselt number (51.7% over VR = 1.0 and 44.1% over VR = 10.0 for Re = 500) compared to other velocity ratios considered in this study.