Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analytical theory of distributed axisymmetric barotropic vortices on the β-plane

An analytical theory of barotropic β-plane vortices is presented in the form of an asymptotic series based on the inverse of vortex nonlinearity. In particular, a solution of the initial value problem is given, in which the vortex is idealized as a radially symmetric function of arbitrary structure. Motion of the vortex is initiated by its interaction with the so-called ‘β-gyres’ which, in turn, are generated by the vortex circulation. Comparisons of analytical and numerical predictions for vortex motion are presented and demonstrate the utility of the present theory for times comparable to the ‘wave’ timescale. The latter exceeds the temporal limit derived from formal considerations. The properties of the far-field planetary wave radiation are also computed. This theory differs from previous calculations by considering more general initial vortex profiles and by obtaining a more complete solution for the perturbation fields. Vortex trajectory predictions accrue error systematically by integrating vortex propagation rates which are too strong. This appears to be connected to higher-order planetary wave radiation effects.
3D deformation and strain analysis in compacted sugar using x-ray microtomography and digital volume correlation

Understanding the displacement of granular beds under compaction is important for a range of industrial, geological and civil engineering applications. Such materials exhibit inhomogeneous internal displacements including strain localization, which mean that a method for the in situ evaluation of internal 3D displacement fields at high spatial resolutions would be a major development. This paper presents results from the compaction of a cylindrical bed of sugar, with diameter 7.0 mm and height 8.2 mm, using x-ray microtomography to evaluate the internal structure and digital volume correlation to calculate 3D displacement information from these data. In contrast to previous studies, which generally track a small number of marker particles, the research here uses the natural structure of the sugar to provide a random pattern for 3D image correlation, allowing full-field information to be captured. The results show good agreement when compared with a well-established 2D image correlation technique; moreover, they indicate structural features associated with deformation of granular materials that would not necessarily be observed in a 2D slice.
Inertial Tracking System for Monitoring Dual Mobility Hip Implants In Vitro

Dual mobility (DM) implants are being increasingly used for total hip arthroplasties due to the additional range of motion and joint stability they afford over more traditional implant types. Currently, there are no reported methods for monitoring their motions under realistic operating conditions while in vitro and, therefore, it is challenging to predict how they will function under clinically relevant conditions and what failure modes may exist. This study reports the development, calibration, and validation of a novel inertial tracking system that directly mounts to the mobile liner of DM implants. The tracker was custom built and based on a miniaturized, off-the-shelf inertial measurement unit (IMU) and employed a gradient-decent sensor fusion algorithm for amalgamating nine degree-of-freedom IMU readings into three-axis orientation estimates. Additionally, a novel approach to magnetic interference mitigation using a fixed solenoid and magnetic field simulation was evaluated. The system produced orientation measurements to within 1.0° of the true value under ideal conditions and 3.9° with a negligible drift while in vitro, submerged in lubricant, and without a line of sight.
Laser Spectroscopy of the H2 (n = 3 Triplet Gerade) Complex: Fine Structure of the Levels in para-H2

Abstract Doppler-free LIF spectroscopy was performed on a beam of para -H 2 (95% enriched) in the metastable c 3 Π − u state. Using the method of beam saturation spectroscopy, the resolution was increased to 20 MHz FWHM. Compared to the preceding paper of this series, this allowed the fine structure of the H 2 ( n = 3) states to be largely resolved. The total number of independently measured fine structure splittings in the levels v = 0 to 3 was 66. Theoretically the fine structure in the n = 3 compared is described by 17 coupling constants. The present study has provided for the first time a sufficient number of independent fs measurements to allow, in principle, an unambiguous determination of all 17 constants. The eigenvectors of the true, mixed wavefunctions as obtained in the preceding paper were here used as a critical prerequisite to the diagonalization of the fs Hamiltonian. In practice, in the fitting routine some of the nondiagonal constants were found to be highly statistically correlated within the experimental error. These constants have only collective significance. This is a fundamental limitation, because the experimental resolution was already close to the natural linewidth limit. The variation of the leading diagonal constants with v and, comparing with other work, with n is discussed.
INFLUENCE OF TURBULENCE DISSIPATION EFFECTS ON THE PROPAGATION OF LOW-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS IN THE GALAXY

The propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy is controlled by spatial diffusion coefficients. Since parallel scattering is the strongest scattering effect, it is believed that the diffusion coefficient along the mean magnetic field controls the confinement of charged cosmic particles in the Galaxy. In this paper, we combine a turbulence spectrum with dissipation range with a nonlinear particle diffusion theory to compute transport parameters. We find a decreasing parallel diffusion coefficient for increasing particle energy for particles having rigidities lower than 3 GeV. Our approach provides an explanation of the observed boron-to-carbon ratio at these particle energies without the need to introduce stochastic acceleration.
Cross-Domain Sentiment Analysis in Portuguese using BERT

O Cruzamento de Domínios tem se tornado uma abordagem comum para lidar com a escassez de dados rotulados na Análise de Sentimentos (AS). No entanto, a dependência de domínio da AS e as particularidades associadas a cada domínio podem impactar, negativamente, o desempenho dos modelos de classificação. Neste trabalho, avaliamos a capacidade de generalização do modelo BERT na tarefa de Classificação de Polaridade com Cruzamento de Domínios em Português. Para fins de comparação, classificadores tradicionais de Aprendizagem de Máquina e métodos para extração de características são analisados. O BERT apresentou resultados promissores mesmo com a mudança de domínio, chegando a alcançar 92% de acurácia.
Guided waves energy velocity in absorbing and non-absorbing plates

This paper presents a study of the velocity of the propagation of energy in guided waves in plates. The motivation of the work comes from the practical observation that the conventional approach to predicting the velocities of pulses or wave packets, that is, the simple group velocity calculation, breaks down when the guided waves are attenuative. The conventional approach is therefore not valid for guided waves in absorbing materials or for leaky waves. The paper presents a theoretical derivation of an expression to predict the energy velocity of guided waves in an isotropic plate, based on the integration of the Poynting energy vectors. When applied to modes with no attenuation, it is shown analytically from this expression that the energy velocity is always identical to the group velocity. On the other hand, when applied to attenuative modes, numerical integration of the expression to yield the true energy velocity shows that this can differ quite significantly from the group velocity. Experimental val.
Interprofessional Training on Substance Misuse and Addiction: A Longitudinal Assessment of a Brazilian Experience

Although several trainings have been offered to improve professional expertise on alcohol and other drugs, few have used an interdisciplinary approach and evaluated long-term improvements in the professional’s work routine. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of an interprofessional training program on alcohol and other drugs offered by a Regional Reference Center for Drugs of the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: the evaluation was carried out longitudinally using mixed methods (questionnaires (n = 29–177) and semistructured interviews (n = 28)). The participants were current workers from public institutions of health, education, social assistance, justice, and security system who attended the training. Data were collected at the beginning, the end, and one year after the end of the training. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed for quantitative data and thematic content analyses for qualitative data. Results: professionals who attended the training enhanced their understanding of substance-related issues, reduced stigma, changed their attitude, and improved their networking among the different services providing care to users. The main characteristics related to these outcomes were the interprofessional and biopsychosocial approach, and the experiential activities developed during the training. Most participants reported difficulties in implementing changes in their work routine, but those in managerial roles have reported having more autonomy to carry out such changes. Conclusions: the mixed methods converged in terms of their results. The training promoted a better understanding of issues related to substance use disorders, reduced stigma and expanded the repertoire of skills. The interprofessional and biopsychosocial approach and field activities seem to be related to these outcomes. The potential for implementing changes in daily practice was prominent among those occupying a managerial role.
A mesh-dependent norm analysis of low-order mixed finite element for elasticity with weakly symmetric stress

We consider mixed finite elements for linear elasticity with weakly symmetric stress. We propose a low-order three-dimensional rectangular element with optimal O(h) rate of convergence for all the unknowns. The element is a rectangular analogue of the simplified Arnold–Falk–Winther element. Instead of the elasticity complex approach, our stability analysis is based on new mesh-dependent norms.
Increasing the level of coordination abilities of young taekwondo athletes aged 13-14 under martial law

Background and Study Aim. Negative changes in the socio-economic environment in the territory of martial law (Ukraine) have a great impact on the ability to continue the training process for athletes. To a lesser extent, this affects experienced world-class athletes who have the opportunity to continue training in other countries. As for young athletes, they are closely connected with their family. This fact reduces the possibility of their preparation. The purpose of the work is to develop the coordination abilities of taekwondo fighters aged 13-14 under martial law Material and methods. The study involved young taekwondo players from Ukraine (n=8, age - 13-14 years old), compactly living in the same area. A survey was conducted among experienced trainers (n=10), who had the opportunity to answer the questionnaire through electronic means of communication ( similar to the Likert scale.) Parents gave their consent to the participation of their children in the experiment. Participants were given homework in the form of exercises to develop the ability to maintain balance. The participants performed the Romberg test on the left and right leg with visual control, without control and Yarotsky's test. Participants conducted tests during a specially organized ZOOM video conference. This study was conducted by the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of University. All participants were aware during the informed consent process that the results of this study may be published. Results. According to the coaches, the most important qualities for taekwondo athletes are speed and coordination. Among the coordination abilities trainers note as the most important the following: the sense of rhythm, the sense of time and distance, balance and vestibular stamina. Equilibrium indicators on an unstable support (Romberg test) have undergone significant positive changes (at p˂0.05). Although the Yarotsky test indicators had positive improvements, they did not have significant differences (at p˃0.05). Conclusions. When declaring martial law, it is recommended to pay special attention to the life safety of participants in the education and training process. It is also recommended to use exercises on an unstable support, which are in the nature of imitation percussion and protective actions. This approach leads to a tangible improvement in the balance of young athletes.
Tune-out wavelengths for metastable helium

The six longest tune-out wavelengths for the He(1s2s S-3(1)e) metastable state are determined by explicit calculation. The tune-out wavelength at 413.02 nm is expected to be sensitive to finite mass, relativistic, and quantum electrodynamic effects upon the transition matrix elements and its measurement would provide a nonenergy test of fundamental atomic structure theory.
Voltage tunable short wire-pair type of metamaterial infiltrated by nematic liquid crystal

In this letter, we report an experimental demonstration on voltage tunable short wire-pair metamaterial with negative permeability at microwave frequencies. After infiltrated by nematic liquid crystal, magnetic resonance of short wire-pair can be effectively tuned via relatively low static electric field. The results show, by increasing bias voltage from 0 to 100 V, magnetic resonance is continuously and reversibly shifted from 9.91 down to 9.55 GHz. Moreover, the effective permeability of metamaterial, for operation frequency around magnetic resonance, varies from negative to positive values. Numerical analysis has a good agreement with experimental results.
Valuation formulae for window barrier options

In this paper we study window barrier options, where a single constant continuously-monitored barrier prevails for a period that commences strictly after the start date of the option and terminates strictly before expiry. We determine valuation formulae within a limited deterministic term-structure in terms of trivariate normal distribution functions. These formulae offer a generalization of the valuation formulae for partial barrier options given by Heynan and Kat.
Direct numerical simulations of turbulence with confinement and rotation

The goal of this work is to analyse how solid body rotation affects forced turbulence enclosed within solid boundaries, and to compare it to results of the experiment performed by Hopfinger et al. (1982). In order to identify various mechanisms associated with rotation, confinement, and forcing, a numerical pseudo-spectral code is used for performing direct numerical simulations. The geometry is simplified with respect to the experimental one. First, we are able to reproduce the linear regime, as propagating inertial waves that undergo reflections at the walls. Second, the Ekman pumping phenomenon, proportional to the rotation rate, is identified in freely decaying turbulence, for which the evolution of the flow bounded by walls is compared to the evolution of unbounded homogeneous turbulence. Finally we introduce a local forcing on a plane in physical space, for simulating the effect of an oscillating grid, so that diffusive turbulence is created, and we examine the structuring of the flow under the combination of the linear and nonlinear mechanisms. A transition to an almost two-dimensional state is shown to occur between the region close to the forcing and an outer region in which vortices appear, the number of which depends on the Reynolds and Rossby numbers. In this region, the anisotropy of turbulence is examined, and the numerical predictions are shown to reproduce many of the most important features present in the experimental flow.
Robust face identification scheme: KL expansion of an invariant feature space

This paper proposes a new approach for extracting features from face images that offer robust face identification against image variations. We combine the K-L expansion technique with two new operations that transform the face pattern into an invariant feature space. The two operations are the affine transformation which yields a standard face view from the input face image, and its transformation into the Fourier spectrum domain, which develops the property of shift-invariance. Although the basic idea of applying the K-L expansion to extract features for face recognition originates from the eigenface approach proposed by Turk and Pentland our scheme offers superior performance due to the transformation into the invariant feature space. The performance of the two schemes for face identification against various imaging conditions is compared.
Concise Review: Bioengineering of Limbal Stem Cell Niche

The corneal epithelium is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous cells and has a significant turnover rate. Limbal integrity is vital to maintain the clarity and avascularity of the cornea as well as regeneration of the corneal epithelium. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are located in the basal epithelial layer of the limbus and preserve this homeostasis. Proper functioning of LESCs is dependent on a specific microenvironment, known as the limbal stem cell niche (LSCN). This structure is made up of various cells, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and signaling molecules. Different etiologies may damage the LSCN, leading to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), which is characterized by conjunctivalization of the cornea. In this review, we first summarize the basics of the LSCN and then focus on current and emerging bioengineering strategies for LSCN restoration to combat LSCD.
LGBT psychology in the Philippines

This paper presents an account of the initial developments towards an LGBT psychology in the Philippines. We situate this on critical events leading to: (1) an official policy by the Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP) against anti-LGBT discrimination in 2011, the first in south-east Asia; and (2) the institutionalisation in 2014 of the PAP’s LGBT Psychology Special Interest Group. Organising efforts have focused in four areas: research, education, advocacy, and practice. National conferences have served as naturally occurring moments for mainstreaming and visibility within the profession. Research progress is evidenced by the publication in 2013 of a special LGBT issue of the Philippine Journal of Psychology. Education efforts have involved teaching an undergraduate elective on LGBT psychology, training of psychology teachers to integrate sexual and gender diversity, and conduct of ‘LGBT Psych 101’ seminars. Advocacy has focused on ‘giving away’ LGBT psychology through engagement with the activist community, media, and support for anti-discrimination legislation. Finally, initial work in professional practice has been around raising awareness of LGBT issues in counselling. We reflect on these initial successes and present lessons learned as well as next steps for the development of an LGBT-inclusive psychology in south-east Asia.
Feature Interpretation Using Generative Adversarial Networks (FIGAN): A Framework for Visualizing a CNN’s Learned Features

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly being explored and used for a variety of classification tasks in medical imaging, but current methods for post hoc explainability are limited. Most commonly used methods highlight portions of the input image that contribute to classification. While this provides a form of spatial localization relevant for focal disease processes, it may not be sufficient for co-localized or diffuse disease processes such as pulmonary edema or fibrosis. For the latter, new methods are required to isolate diffuse texture features employed by the CNN where localization alone is ambiguous. We therefore propose a novel strategy for eliciting explainability, called Feature Interpretation using Generative Adversarial Networks (FIGAN), which provides visualization of features used by a CNN for classification or regression. FIGAN uses a conditional generative adversarial network to synthesize images that span the range of a CNN’s principal embedded features. We apply FIGAN to two previously developed CNNs and show that the resulting feature interpretations can clarify ambiguities within attention areas highlighted by existing explainability methods. In addition, we perform a series of experiments to study the effect of auxiliary segmentations, training sample size, and image resolution on FIGAN’s ability to provide consistent and interpretable synthetic images.
On the extraction of gas from multilayered rock

This paper presents some simple analytical and numerical models which describe the dynamics of gas flowing from a multilayered low-permeability porous rock into a fracture. The models account for the vertical flow between relatively high- and low-permeability layers. The motion of gas in a permeable rock is governed by a nonlinear diffusion equation for the gas pressure. We analyse the gas flow described by this equation in both bounded and unbounded domains. In both cases simple scalings laws are developed to determine the fluxes and the dimensions of the regions within the rock which may be depleted over a given time scale. These are compared with the results of a full numerical model.
Dependency of the source term estimation method for radionuclides released into the atmosphere on the available environmental monitoring data and its applicability to real-time source term estimation

ABSTRACT It is essential to establish a method for reconstructing the source term and spatiotemporal distribution of radionuclides released into the atmosphere due to a nuclear accident for emergency countermeasures. We examined the dependency of a source term estimation method based on Bayesian inference using atmospheric dispersion simulation and environmental monitoring data on the availability of various monitoring data. Additionally, we examined the applicability of this method to a real-time estimation conducted immediately after an accident. A sensitivity analysis of the estimated source term during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident for combinations of various monitoring data indicated that using monitoring data with a high temporal and spatial resolution and the concurrent use of air concentration and surface deposition data is effective for accurate estimation. A real-time source term estimation experiment assuming the situation of monitoring data acquisition during the FDNPS accident revealed that this method could provide the necessary source term for grasping the overview of surface contamination in the early phase and evaluating the approximate accident scale. If the immediate online acquisition of monitoring data and regular operation of an atmospheric dispersion simulation are established, this method can provide the source term in near-real time. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Hierarchical Feature Fusion and Selection for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Most existing classification methods design complicated and large deep neural network (DNN) model to deal with the ubiquitous spectral variability and nonlinearity of hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, their application is blocked by limited training samples and considerable computational costs in real scenes. To solve these problems, we propose a simple spectral hierarchical feature fusion and selection network (HFFSNet). Specifically, we apply 1-D grouped convolution for dimensionality reduction and multilevel feature extraction, then the multilevel features are fused to assist the adaptive feature selection of different layer features via the soft attention mechanism, and finally the selected features are fused to further enhance the feature representation. Extensive experimental results on three hyperspectral datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed network.