Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A critical review on the role of nanotheranostics mediated approaches for targeting β amyloid in Alzheimer’s

Abstract Alzheimer’s is one of the most common neurodegenerative illnesses that affect brain cellular function. In this disease, the neurons in the brain are considered to be decaying steadily but consistently by the accumulation of amyloid mass, particularly the β-amyloids, amyloid proteins, and Tau proteins. The most responsible amyloid-proteins are amyloid-40 and amyloid-42, which have a high probability of accumulating in excess over the brain cell, interfering with normal brain cell function and triggering brain cell death. The advancement of pharmaceutical sciences leads to the development of Nanotheranostics technology, which may be used to diagnose and treat Alzheimer’s. They are the colloidal nanoparticles functionalised with the therapeutic moiety as well as a diagnostic moiety. This article discusses the prognosis of Alzheimer’s, various nanotheranostics approaches (nanoparticles, quantum dots, aptamers, dendrimers, etc), and their recent advancement in managing Alzheimer’s. Also, various in-vitro and in-vivo diagnostic methodologies were discussed with respect to nanotheranostics. HIGHLIGHTS Describing the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s with respect to amyloid β in the prognosis of the disease Presenting the various nanotheranostics techniques for the detection and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease Nanoparticles, Aptamers, and Dendrimers used as diagnostic and treatment entities In-vivo (MRI, OI) and In-vitro (STM, TRPS) diagnostic approaches for detecting Alzheimer’s disease
Floral nectar production: what cost to a plant?

Floral nectar production is central to plant pollination, and hence to human wellbeing. As floral nectar is essentially a solution in water of various sugars, it is likely a valuable plant resource, especially in terms of energy, with plants experiencing costs/trade‐offs associated with its production or absorption and adopting mechanisms to regulate nectar in flowers. Possible costs of nectar production may also influence the evolution of nectar volume, concentration and composition, of pollination syndromes involving floral nectar, and the production of some crops.
A review and evaluation of orthodontic brackets, molar bands and orthodontic auxiliaries during orthognathic surgery: A prospective cohort study

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to provide a review of the types and frequency of orthodontic brackets, molar bands and orthodontic auxiliaries used for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. The secondary aim was to evaluate the risk of failure of these items during orthognathic surgery. Methods: From three Dutch hospitals, 124 adult patients were included in this prospective cohort study. Five independent researchers collected the data during surgery using a specifically created data extraction form. The type of surgery, surgeon, orthodontist and type of orthodontic bracket, molar band or auxiliary were noted for each tooth. To evaluate their failure risk, the following variables were noted: failure and site; and type and cause of failure. Results: Stainless-steel brackets were the most frequently (75.8%) used bracket type seen in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Ceramic brackets were seen in 24.2% of the cases and were only applied in the anterior region. Molar bands were present in 58.9% of the patients and mostly with bands on the first molars in combination with bonded tubes on the second molars. In 32.2% of all cases, one or more failures were noted. One-third of all failures were described as detachment of the molar tube on the most posterior molar. Kobayashi ligatures and powerpins showed the highest risk of failure (odds ratio [OR] 3.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.91–7.15). No significant difference in failure rate was found between stainless-steel brackets, molar bands (OR 0.34, 95% CI = 0.08–1.43) and ceramic brackets (OR 0.44, 95% CI = 0.14–1.45). Conclusion: Stainless-steel brackets, ceramic brackets, molar bands and surgical hooks are suitable for orthognathic cases. Kobayashi ligatures and powerpins had a significantly higher risk of failure so are not recommended for temporary intraoperative maxillomandibular fixation (TIO-MMF).
Longitudinal association between self‐compassion and intuitive eating: Testing emotion regulation and body image flexibility as mediating variables

Abstract Objectives Growing evidence suggests that intuitive eating is associated with numerous positive mental health and well‐being constructs. Understanding factors that predict intuitive eating is necessary for identifying practical targets to enhance this style of eating, yet research identifying such predictors is scarce. Self‐compassion is one variable that could enhance intuitive eating because it involves the practice of healthy emotion regulation skills that may disrupt the tendency to turn to food to cope during distressing situations. The present study tested for a longitudinal association between self‐compassion and intuitive eating. We also tested whether this association was mediated by indices of emotion regulation (i.e., global emotion regulation skill scores and body image flexibility). Method Adult women (n = 3039) were invited to completed study measures at baseline (T1), 4‐month follow‐up (T2), and 8‐month follow‐up (T3). Path analyses were computed to test hypothesized indirect effects. Results A direct path from T1 self‐compassion to T3 intuitive eating emerged, such that higher self‐compassion levels predicted increased intuitive eating over time. However, this association was not mediated by T2 emotion regulation skills nor body image flexibility. Conclusion Findings suggest that self‐compassion may facilitate an intuitive eating style, which does not appear to be explained by certain emotion regulation skills.
SLC4A10 mutation causes a neurological disorder associated with impaired GABAergic transmission

Abstract SLC4A10 is a plasma-membrane bound transporter that utilizes the Na+ gradient to drive cellular HCO3− uptake, thus mediating acid extrusion. In the mammalian brain, SLC4A10 is expressed in principal neurons and interneurons, as well as in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, the organ regulating the production of CSF. Using next generation sequencing on samples from five unrelated families encompassing nine affected individuals, we show that biallelic SLC4A10 loss-of-function variants cause a clinically recognizable neurodevelopmental disorder in humans. The cardinal clinical features of the condition include hypotonia in infancy, delayed psychomotor development across all domains and intellectual impairment. Affected individuals commonly display traits associated with autistic spectrum disorder including anxiety, hyperactivity and stereotyped movements. In two cases isolated episodes of seizures were reported in the first few years of life, and a further affected child displayed bitemporal epileptogenic discharges on EEG without overt clinical seizures. While occipitofrontal circumference was reported to be normal at birth, progressive postnatal microcephaly evolved in 7 out of 10 affected individuals. Neuroradiological features included a relative preservation of brain volume compared to occipitofrontal circumference, characteristic narrow sometimes ‘slit-like’ lateral ventricles and corpus callosum abnormalities. Slc4a10 −/− mice, deficient for SLC4A10, also display small lateral brain ventricles and mild behavioural abnormalities including delayed habituation and alterations in the two-object novel object recognition task. Collapsed brain ventricles in both Slc4a10−/− mice and affected individuals suggest an important role of SLC4A10 in the production of the CSF. However, it is notable that despite diverse roles of the CSF in the developing and adult brain, the cortex of Slc4a10−/− mice appears grossly intact. Co-staining with synaptic markers revealed that in neurons, SLC4A10 localizes to inhibitory, but not excitatory, presynapses. These findings are supported by our functional studies, which show the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is compromised in Slc4a10−/− mice, while the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is preserved. Manipulation of intracellular pH partially rescues GABA release. Together our studies define a novel neurodevelopmental disorder associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC4A10 and highlight the importance of further analyses of the consequences of SLC4A10 loss-of-function for brain development, synaptic transmission and network properties.
Simulating the cosmic distribution of neutral hydrogen and its connection with galaxies

The neutral hydrogen distribution and its evolution is closely related to various aspects of star formation. This makes understanding and modeling the HI distribution critically important for studying galaxy evolution. The main focus of this thesis is therefore the study of the cosmic distribution of neutral hydrogen using hydrodynamical cosmological simulations. To do this, we combine hydrodynamical cosmological simulations based on the OverWhelmingly Large Simulations (OWLS; Schaye et al. 2010) with accurate radiative transfer, and account for different photoionizing processes. Then, we study the cosmic distribution of HI and its evolution. Furthermore, we study the physical connection between neutral hydrogen and galaxies by analyzing the distribution of HI absorbers with respect to galaxies close to them.
Complete genome sequence of “Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni” PR2021, an uncultivated bacterium associated with poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequence of “Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni” strain PR2021, which consists of one 705,138 bp circular chromosome and one 4,757 bp circular plasmid, is presented in this work. This bacterium is associated with poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivar “Princettia Pink. ”
Short Communication Solving group Steiner problems as Steiner problems

The generalized spanning tree or group Steiner problem (GSP) is a generalization of the Steiner problem in graphs (SPG): one requires a tree spanning (at least) one vertex of each subset, given in a family of vertex subsets, while minimizing the sum of the corresponding edge costs. Specialized solution procedures have been developed for this problem. In this paper we investigate the performance of a known but so far neglected transformation to the undirected Steiner problem in graphs. When combined with a recent metaheuristic for the SPG this straightforward approach compares favorably with specialized GSP heuristics. Thus we set a standard for future algorithms. 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies in REM sleep behavior disorder: A multicenter study

Isolated/idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a powerful early predictor of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This provides an opportunity to directly observe the evolution of prodromal DLB and to identify which cognitive variables are the strongest predictors of evolving dementia.
Blood-derived lysophospholipid sustains hepatic phospholipids and fat storage necessary for hepatoprotection in overnutrition

The liver has a high demand for phosphatidylcholine (PC), particularly in overnutrition, where reduced phospholipid levels have been implicated in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether other pathways exist in addition to de novo PC synthesis that contribute to hepatic PC pools remains unknown. Here, we identified the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) transporter major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A (Mfsd2a) as critical for maintaining hepatic phospholipid pools. Hepatic Mfsd2a expression was induced in patients having NAFLD and in mice in response to dietary fat via glucocorticoid receptor action. Mfsd2a liver-specific deficiency in mice (L2aKO) led to a robust nonalcoholic steatohepatitis–like (NASH-like) phenotype within just 2 weeks of dietary fat challenge associated with reduced hepatic phospholipids containing linoleic acid. Reducing dietary choline intake in L2aKO mice exacerbated liver pathology and deficiency of liver phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Treating hepatocytes with LPCs containing oleate and linoleate, two abundant blood-derived LPCs, specifically induced lipid droplet biogenesis and contributed to phospholipid pools, while LPC containing the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promoted lipid droplet formation and suppressed lipogenesis. This study revealed that PUFA-containing LPCs drive hepatic lipid droplet formation, suppress lipogenesis, and sustain hepatic phospholipid pools — processes that are critical for protecting the liver from excess dietary fat.
Combining a single shot multibox detector with transfer learning for ship detection using sentinel-1 SAR images

ABSTRACT With the capabilities of constant use in any weather condition and a wide coverage area, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology is widely used in marine transportation safety and fishing law enforcement. Currently, due to automatic learning of discriminative features, deep learning has achieved enormous success in object detection. Compared to other detection models, the single shot multiBox detector (SSD) has the advantages of high detection accuracy with relatively high speed, which is suitable for inferences in a large volume of SAR images. This paper focuses on the application of the SSD to address ship detection in complex backgrounds. Due to a limited number of datasets, transfer learning is adapted to train the model. Ten scenes of Sentinel-1 SAR images are used to evaluate our approach. Experimental results reveal that 1) transfer learning improves the detection accuracy and overall performance and reduces the false positives, and 2) compared with the faster RCNN and other SSD models, the SSD-512 model with transfer learning achieves the best overall performance, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
Medullary tachykinin precursor 1 neurons promote rhythmic breathing

Rhythmic breathing is generated by neural circuits located in the brainstem. At its core is the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), a region of the medulla, necessary for the generation of rhythmic breathing in mammals. The preBötC is comprised of various neuronal populations expressing neurokinin-1 receptors, the cognate G-protein-coupled receptor of the neuropeptide substance P (encoded by the tachykinin precursor 1 or Tac1). Neurokinin-1 receptors are highly expressed in the preBötC and destruction or deletion of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing preBötC neurons severely impair rhythmic breathing. Although, the application of substance P to the preBötC stimulates breathing in rodents, substance P is also involved in nociception and locomotion in various brain regions, suggesting that Tac1 neurons found in the preBötC may have diverse functional roles. Here, we characterized the role of Tac1-expressing preBötC neurons in the generation of rhythmic breathing in vivo, as well as motor behaviors. Using a cre-lox recombination approach, we injected adeno-associated virus containing the excitatory channelrhodopsin-2 ChETA in the preBötC region of Tac1-cre mice. Employing a combination of histological, optogenetics, respiratory, and behavioral assays, we showed that stimulation of glutamatergic or Tac1 preBötC neurons promoted rhythmic breathing in both anesthetized and freely moving animals, but also triggered locomotion and overcame respiratory depression by opioid drugs. Overall, our study identified a population of excitatory preBötC with major roles in rhythmic breathing and behaviors.
Sum‐of‐Squares‐Based Finite‐Time Adaptive Sliding Mode Control of Uncertain Polynomial Systems With Input Nonlinearities

This paper proposes a novel adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) for a class of polynomial systems comprising uncertain terms and input nonlinearities. In this approach, a new polynomial sliding surface is proposed and designed based on the sum‐of‐squares (SOS) decomposition. In the proposed method, an adaptive control law is derived such that the finite‐time reachability of the state trajectories in the presence of input nonlinearity and uncertainties is guaranteed. To do this, it is assumed that the uncertain terms are bounded and the input nonlinearities belong to sectors with positive slope parameters. However, the bound of the uncertain terms is unknown and adaptation law is proposed to effectively estimate the uncertainty bounds. Furthermore, based on a novel polynomial Lyapunov function, the finite‐time convergence of the sliding surface to a pre‐chosen small neighborhood of the origin is guaranteed. To eliminate the time derivatives of the polynomial terms in the stability analysis conditions, the SOS variables of the Lyapunov matrix are optimally selected. In order to show the merits and the robust performance of the proposed controller, chaotic Chen system is provided. Numerical simulation results demonstrate chattering reduction in the proposed approach and the high accuracy in estimating the unknown parameters.
From two- to three-dimensional alumina: Interface templated films and formation of γ−Al2O3 (111) nuclei

Oxide thin ﬁlms are of fundamental importance due to their applications in materials science, optics, corrosion protection, catalysis, and microelectronics. A multistep oxidation procedure is employed to precisely tune the alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) thickness on a NiAl(110) alloy from two atomic bilayers to 1 . 5 nm. Structural changes are analyzed with x-ray photoelectron diffraction and low-energy electron diffraction. The long-range order does not relate to any bulk structure and is imposed by the crystallized interface. The large unit cell formed at the interface persists in thicker ﬁlms. In contrast, the local order changes at a thickness above 0 . 5 nm from the complex structure of this prelayer under the formation of subnanometer-sized γ -Al 2 O 3 (111)-type nuclei. The band structure is monitored with angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Increasing ﬁlm thickness results in a slight decrease of the work function, but does not lead to signiﬁcant changes of the electronic band structure. The presented multistep procedure opens a route for the synthesis of thin ﬁlm structures in general and in particular provides fundamental insight in the surface structure of spinel-based transition Al 2 O 3 . DOI:
Advanced flow cytometric detection of endothelial cell chimerism in kidney transplants

The prevalence and clinical implications of endothelial cell (EC) chimerism in solid organ transplants, including kidneys, is an area of ongoing debate [1 ]. It is hypothesized that EC chimerism may affect allograft rejection, immunological tolerance and long-term graft survival, but the extent of EC chimerism and the factors contributing to it in kidney transplants have not been fully established [2 –6 ]. Efforts to investigate EC chimerism have been hampered by the lack of reliable and quantitative detection methods [1 ]. Here we present a technically improved method by using a flow cytometry-based approach. Previous studies have employed semi-quantitative approaches to assess EC chimerism, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These methods have primarily focused on detecting recipient/donor discrepancies based on human leucocyte antigens (HLAs), blood group ABO antigens and sex [2 –8 ]. However, IHC and FISH are limited by their low sensitivity, as illustrated by a Y-chromosome detection yield of only 40% in positive control samples [8 , 9 ]. Also, interpretation of IHC and FISH can be subjective and the lack of standardized protocols has made it difficult to compare results between studies. While PCR
The key phytochemistry of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) contributing to hair protection against UV

Extracts from rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus) are analysed for their phytochemistry using LC–MS and the phytochemistry identified. The same extracts were tested for their efficacy to act as antioxidants by both hydrogen‐atom transfer (ORAC) and single electron transfer (FRAP). A correlation analysis was performed to identify the key phytochemistry responsible for antioxidant efficacy. The top performing extracts were then tested in a peptide model and in hair with the presence of UV to measure ability to protect against UV‐induced peptide and protein damage. Polyphenols (e.g. rosmarinic acid, glycosides of selgin) and abietane diterpenes (e.g. carnosic acid) in rosemary were identified as the principal compounds which enables the extracts to protect hair from UV.
Implementing a hospital-based violence intervention program for assault-injured youth: implications for social work practice

ABSTRACT Youth in the U.S. experience a high rate of assault-related injuries resulting in physical, psychological and social sequelae that require a wide range of services after discharge from the hospital. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIP’s) have been developed to engage youth in services designed to reduce the incidence of violent injury in young people. HVIP’s combine the efforts of medical staff with community-based partners to provide trauma-informed care to violently-injured people and have been found to be a cost-effective means to reduce re-injury rates and improve social and behavioral health outcomes. Few studies have explored the organizational and community level factors that impact implementation of these important and complex interventions. The objective of this study was to develop an in-depth understanding of the factors that impact HVIP implementation from the perspectives of 41 stakeholders through qualitative interviews. Thematic analysis generated three themes that included the importance of integrated, collaborative care, the need for providers who can perform multiple service roles and deploy a range of skills, and the importance of engaging clients through extended contact. In this article we explore these themes and their implications for healthcare social work.
Total joint arthroplasty versus trapeziectomy in the treatment of trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis: a randomized controlled trial

The aim of this double anonymized, randomized controlled trial was to determine whether total joint arthroplasty has superior outcomes than trapeziectomy 1 year after surgery for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. A total of 62 women aged 40 years and older, scheduled for surgery for stage II or III osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint, were included and randomized to trapeziectomy or total joint arthroplasty. The primary outcome was the total score of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire subscale scores, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire, active range of motion, strength, return to work, patient satisfaction and complications. Data were collected at baseline and at 3 and 12 months. At 1 year, we found no superiority of total joint arthroplasty over trapeziectomy regarding the total score of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. The total joint arthroplasty did show a significant advantage in strength and range of motion. Level of evidence: I