Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive narrative review of challenges and facilitators in the implementation of various HPV vaccination program worldwide

Abstract Introduction Cervical cancer has been considered as one of the most common cancers in women (15–44 years) globally, but the advent of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine has raised the anticipation that eradication of cervical carcinoma might be achieved in the near future as several prophylactic cervical carcinoma vaccines have already been currently licensed in various countries. Countries should devise strategies, practices and policies to attain and sustain higher levels of HPV immunization coverage as still 68% countries have introduced HPV vaccine in their national immunization programs even after 17 years following the licensure of the first prophylactic HPV vaccine. Methodology A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted using various databases and search engines, to include the most relevant research articles and data available and critically discussed the operational gaps that need to be answered to achieve adequate coverage of HPV vaccination. Results The present review highlights the existing HPV vaccination strategies, unmet needs and challenges needed to be addressed for proper implementation framework as well as the collaborations required to achieve decent vaccination coverage. Well‐coordinated vaccination strategy with focus on adolescent girls and if possible, boys can lead to dramatic impact on disease reduction around the world.
GANcMRI: Cardiac magnetic resonance video generation and physiologic guidance using latent space prompting

Generative artificial intelligence can be applied to medical imaging on tasks such as privacy-preserving image generation and superresolution and denoising of existing images. Few prior approaches have used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) as a modality given the complexity of videos (the addition of the temporal dimension) as well as the limited scale of publicly available datasets. We introduce GANcMRI, a generative adversarial network that can synthesize cMRI videos with physiological guidance based on latent space prompting. GANcMRI uses a StyleGAN framework to learn the latent space from individual video frames and leverages the timedependent trajectory between end-systolic and end-diastolic frames in the latent space to predict progression and generate motion over time. We proposed various methods for modeling latent time-dependent trajectories and found that our Frame-to-frame approach generates the best motion and video quality. GANcMRI generated high-quality cMRI image frames that are indistinguishable by cardiologists, however, artifacts in video generation allow cardiologists to still recognize the difference between real and generated videos. The generated cMRI videos can be prompted to apply physiologybased adjustments which produces clinically relevant phenotypes recognizable by cardiologists. GANcMRI has many potential applications such as data augmentation, education, anomaly detection, and preoperative planning.
C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 promotes tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis through β‐catenin‐inhibited fatty acid oxidation

Abstract The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly increasing. Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature in various CKD. Previous studies showed tubular cell senescence is highly involved in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the inducers of tubular senescence and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully investigated. C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a G‐protein‐coupled seven‐span transmembrane receptor, increases renal fibrosis and plays an important role in tubular cell injury. Whereas, whether CXCR4 could induce tubular cell senescence and the detailed mechanisms have not studied yet. In this study, we adopted adriamycin nephropathy and 5/6 nephrectomy models, and cultured tubular cell line. Overexpression or knockdown of CXCR4 was obtained by injection of related plasmids. We identified CXCR4 increased in injury tubular cells. CXCR4 was expressed predominantly in renal tubular epithelial cells and co‐localized with adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADRP) as well as the senescence‐related protein P16INK4A. Furthermore, we found overexpression of CXCR4 greatly induced the activation of β‐catenin, while knockdown of CXCR4 inhibited it. We also found that CXCR4 inhibited fatty acid oxidation and triggered lipid deposition in tubular cells. To inhibit β‐catenin by ICG‐001, an inhibitor of β‐catenin, could significantly block CXCR4‐suppressed fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, our results indicate that CXCR4 is a key mediator in tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis. CXCR4 promotes tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis by inducing β‐catenin and inhibiting fatty acid metabolism. Our findings provide a new theory for tubular cell injury in renal fibrosis.
Chemical Composition of Leaf Essential Oil of Hedyosmum arborescens and Evaluation of Its Anticancer Activity

The essential oil of Hedyosmum arborescens Sw. (Chloranthaceae), a native plant of the Caribbean archipelago, was extracted by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the volatile fraction was determined by GC and GC-MS analyses and 50 components were identified. The major components are α-phellandrene (11.4%), bicyclogermacrene (10.6%) and sabinene (9.7%). The anticancer activities of these extracts were assessed against human lung carcinoma cell line A-549 and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1. The leaf essential oil of H. arborescens was found to be moderately active against both cancer cell lines with GI50 values of 158 ± 7 μg/mL for A-549 and 178 ± 9 μg/mL for DLD-1.
Several issues in sedimentological studies on hydrocarbon-bearing fine-grained sedimentary rocks

The fine-grained sedimentary rock has an important position in sedimentary rocks,but it has been often overlooked because of its seemingly simple appearance.Meanwhile,due to limitation of ultra-microcosmic experimental conditions,deposition and diagenesis of fine-grained sediments remain a relatively weake research field in sedimentology,even in geology.With exploration and development of shale oil and gas,the study of fine-grained sedimentary rocks becomes increasingly urgent.However,there are several issues deserving of attention in the current study,such as to utilize sedimentology,reservoir geology and stratigraphy comprehensively,to combine high-resolution observation instruments with geophysical recognition techniques,experimental simulation and other methods,to search for theoretical breakthrough and method innovations,the standardize the related concepts and terminology of fine-grained sedimentary rocks,to establish systematic and scientific classification schemes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks,to reconstruct dynamic processes of fine-grained material deposition and diagenesis,and to set up stratigraphic specification of deepwater fine-grained materials.In addition,agreat emphasis should be placed on interdisciplinary researches and association between scientific significance and industrial value so as to make fine-grained sedimentary rocks receive extensive attention,gain breakthrough in progress,and serve shale oil and gas exploration and development better.
Vapor-dominated fields: Fluid reserves and geothermometry

A vapor-dominated reservoir is modelled as a uniform porous medium containing immobile water and mobile steam. Changes in concentrations of different gas species are used to determine the porosity and liquid saturation of the reservoir. The {open_quotes}grid{close_quotes} method provides an incomplete analysis of this type of reservoir, either for water content or reservoir temperature. It is conjectured that the reservoirs of Kamojang and Darajat in Indonesia are significantly wetter than The Geysers, and consequently have greater fluid reserves per cubic kilometer.
Compression and multi-functionality support of multi-spectral satellite data

The paper deals with the compression of multi-spectral satellite image data (high resolution data consisting of radiances and top-of-the-atmosphere TOA fluxes) investigated within the framework of the EUMETSAT project of SAF (Satellite Application Facility) on Climate Monitoring. Full multifunctionality support (quality scalability, resolution scalability, region-of-interest access) is asked for and image calibration characteristics (luminance, radiance) must be preserved within certain limits for lossy image compression, together with an excellent image quality. We analyze state-of-the-art coding techniques with respect to these requirements. Our objective is to answer two questions, namely the capability of existing state-of-the-art compression techniques to comply with our image calibration characteristics requirements and the support they offer regarding multifunctionality (in terms of quality scalability, resolution scalability and region of interest access). We propose basic modifications of these techniques so as to meet our multifunctionality requirements. We conclude from the experimental assessment of the analyzed techniques that none of the top coding algorithms available to date fully satisfy our imposed rate-distortion constraints and propose a path for future research in this field.
Opening flow coefficient and its effect on fire smoke flow

The flow coefficient of the typical doors and windows with different situation between opening and closing was tested in a high-rise experimental fire tower. It can be used for the prediction calculation of the fire smoke flow and the calculation of the positive air supply as well as for the ventilation. Using the prediction software of the fire smoke flow properties in the building, the effect of the flow coefficient on the fire smoke flow was also studied.
Interdecadal transition in the relationship between the western Pacific subtropical high and sea surface temperature

The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and sea surface temperatures have experienced marked interdecadal changes. However, whether the relationships between the WPSH and sea surface temperature forcings (SSTFs) have also experienced an interdecadal transition remains unclear. This study analyses the interdecadal shift in the relationship between the WPSH and SSTFs. The results clearly reveal the occurrence of two interdecadal transitions in the relationship between the leading empirical orthogonal function modes, which represent the intensity of the WPSH and the SSTFs: one in approximately 1976–1977 and the other in 1993–1994. The positive first principal component is closely related to the equatorial eastern and central Pacific (EECP) warming and the western North Pacific (WNP) cooling in spring and summer of the three periods. The discharging process of the ‘Indian Ocean Capacitor Effect’ in summer was suppressed by the downdraft during the periods 1978–1992 and 1995–2013, which caused the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warming to have little influence on the WNP anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) in summer. The positive second principal component corresponds to significantly positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the TIO, the maritime continent, the WNP, the North Pacific cooling in spring and summer, and the EECP cooling in the summer, while it is significantly related to only the positive‐phase North Atlantic tripole (NAT) in the spring in the years 1954–1975. The enhancement of the WNPAC by the NAT was partly offset by the tropical North Atlantic warming with a positive tropospheric temperature anomaly. Additionally, an anticyclone over the North Pacific Ocean accelerated the phase shift of El Niño/Southern Oscillation from El Niño to La Niña in the spring in the years 1995–2013.
Borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, treatment, and current controversies

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) was introduced in the DSM‐III in 1980. From the DSM‐III to the DSM‐5, no major changes have occurred in its defining criteria. The disorder is characterized by instability of self‐image, interpersonal relationships and affects. Further symptoms include impulsivity, intense anger, feelings of emptiness, strong abandonment fears, suicidal or self‐mutilation behavior, and transient stress‐related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms. There is evidence that BPD can be reliably diagnosed and differentiated from other mental disorders by semi‐structured interviews. The disorder is associated with considerable functional impairment, intensive treatment utilization, and high societal costs. The risk of self‐mutilation and suicide is high. In the general adult population, the lifetime prevalence of BPD has been reported to be from 0.7 to 2.7%, while its prevalence is about 12% in outpatient and 22% in inpatient psychiatric services. BPD is significantly associated with other mental disorders, including depressive disorders, substance use disorders, post‐traumatic stress disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, bulimia nervosa, and other personality disorders. There is convincing evidence to suggest that the interaction between genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences plays a central role in the etiology of BPD. In spite of considerable research, the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder remain to be clarified. Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for BPD. Various approaches have been empirically supported in randomized controlled trials, including dialectical behavior therapy, mentalization‐based therapy, transference‐focused therapy, and schema therapy. No approach has proved to be superior to others. Compared to treatment as usual, psychotherapy has proved to be more efficacious, with effect sizes between 0.50 and 0.65 with regard to core BPD symptom severity. However, almost half of the patients do not respond sufficiently to psychotherapy, and further research in this area is warranted. It is not clear whether some patients may benefit more from one psychotherapeutic approach than from others. No evidence is available consistently showing that any psychoactive medication is efficacious for the core features of BPD. For discrete and severe comorbid anxiety or depressive symptoms or psychotic‐like features, pharmacotherapy may be useful. Early diagnosis and treatment of BPD can reduce individual suffering and societal costs. However, more high‐quality studies are required, in both adolescents and adults. This review provides a comprehensive update of the BPD diagnosis and clinical characterization, risk factors, neurobiology, cognition, and management. It also discusses the current controversies concerning the disorder, and highlights the areas in which further research is needed.
Demand Response for Home Energy Management Using Reinforcement Learning and Artificial Neural Network

Ever-changing variables in the electricity market require energy management systems (EMSs) to make optimal real-time decisions adaptively. Demand response (DR) is the latest approach being used to accelerate the efficiency and stability of power systems. This paper proposes an hour-ahead DR algorithm for home EMSs. To deal with the uncertainty in future prices, a steady price prediction model based on artificial neural network is presented. In cooperation with forecasted future prices, multi-agent reinforcement learning is adopted to make optimal decisions for different home appliances in a decentralized manner. To verify the performance of the proposed energy management scheme, simulations are conducted with non-shiftable, shiftable, and controllable loads. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DR algorithm can handle energy management for multiple appliances, minimize user energy bills, and dissatisfaction costs, and help the user to significantly reduce its electricity cost compared with a benchmark without DR.
A robust yeast chassis: comprehensive characterization of a fast-growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Robust chassis are critical to facilitate advances in synthetic biology. This study describes a comprehensive characterization of a new yeast isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae XP that grows faster than commonly used research and industrial S. cerevisiae strains. The genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses suggest that the fast growth rate is, in part, due to the efficient electron transport chain and key growth factor synthesis. A toolbox for genetic manipulation of the yeast was developed; we used it to construct l-lactic acid producers for high lactate production. The development of genetically malleable yeast strains that grow faster than currently used strains may significantly enhance the uses of S. cerevisiae in biotechnology. IMPORTANCE Yeast is known as an outstanding starting strain for constructing microbial cell factories. However, its growth rate restricts its application. A yeast strain XP, which grows fast in high concentrations of sugar and acidic environments, is revealed to demonstrate the potential in industrial applications. A toolbox was also built for its genetic manipulation including gene insertion, deletion, and ploidy transformation. The knowledge of its metabolism, which could guide the designing of genetic experiments, was generated with multi-omics analyses. This novel strain along with its toolbox was then tested by constructing an l-lactic acid efficient producer, which is conducive to the development of degradable plastics. This study highlights the remarkable competence of nonconventional yeast for applications in biotechnology. Yeast is known as an outstanding starting strain for constructing microbial cell factories. However, its growth rate restricts its application. A yeast strain XP, which grows fast in high concentrations of sugar and acidic environments, is revealed to demonstrate the potential in industrial applications. A toolbox was also built for its genetic manipulation including gene insertion, deletion, and ploidy transformation. The knowledge of its metabolism, which could guide the designing of genetic experiments, was generated with multi-omics analyses. This novel strain along with its toolbox was then tested by constructing an l-lactic acid efficient producer, which is conducive to the development of degradable plastics. This study highlights the remarkable competence of nonconventional yeast for applications in biotechnology.
Network Intrusion Detection Based on Novel Feature Selection Model and Various Recurrent Neural Networks

The recent increase in hacks and computer network attacks around the world has intensified the need to develop better intrusion detection and prevention systems. The intrusion detection system (IDS) plays a vital role in detecting anomalies and attacks on the network which have become larger and more pervasive in nature. However, most anomaly-based intrusion detection systems are plagued by high false positives. Furthermore, Remote-to-Local (R2L) and User-to-Root (U2R) are two kinds of attack which have low predicted accuracy scores in advance IDS methods. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel IDS framework to overcome these IDS problems. The proposed framework including three main parts. The first part is to build SFSDT model which is the feature selection model. SFSDT is to generate the best feature subset from the original feature set. This model is a hybrid Sequence Forward Selection (SFS) algorithm and Decision Tree (DT) model. The second part is to build various IDS models to train on the best-selected feature subset. The various Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are traditional RNN, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Two IDS datasets are used for the learned models in experiments including NSL-KDD in 2010 and ISCX in 2012. The final part is to evaluate the proposed model by comparing the proposed models to other IDS models. The experimental results show the proposed models achieve significantly improved accuracy detection rate as well as attack types classification. Furthermore, this approach can reduce the computation time by memory profilers measurement.
Non-apoptotic FAS signaling controls mTOR activation and extrafollicular maturation in human B cells

Defective FAS (CD95/Apo-1/TNFRSF6) signaling causes autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Hypergammaglobulinemia is a common feature in ALPS with FAS mutations (ALPS-FAS), but paradoxically, fewer conventional memory cells differentiate from FAS-expressing germinal center (GC) B cells. Resistance to FAS-induced apoptosis does not explain this phenotype. We tested the hypothesis that defective non-apoptotic FAS signaling may contribute to impaired B cell differentiation in ALPS. We analyzed secondary lymphoid organs of patients with ALPS-FAS and found low numbers of memory B cells, fewer GC B cells, and an expanded extrafollicular (EF) B cell response. Enhanced mTOR activity has been shown to favor EF versus GC fate decision, and we found enhanced PI3K/mTOR and BCR signaling in ALPS-FAS splenic B cells. Modeling initial T-dependent B cell activation with CD40L in vitro, we showed that FAS competent cells with transient FAS ligation showed specifically decreased mTOR axis activation without apoptosis. Mechanistically, transient FAS engagement with involvement of caspase-8 induced nuclear exclusion of PTEN, leading to mTOR inhibition. In addition, FASL-dependent PTEN nuclear exclusion and mTOR modulation were defective in patients with ALPS-FAS. In the early phase of activation, FAS stimulation promoted expression of genes related to GC initiation at the expense of processes related to the EF response. Hence, our data suggest that non-apoptotic FAS signaling acts as molecular switch between EF versus GC fate decisions via regulation of the mTOR axis and transcription. The defect of this modulatory circuit may explain the observed hypergammaglobulinemia and low memory B cell numbers in ALPS. Increased mTOR signaling and extrafollicular B cells in ALPS-FAS reveal FAS control of CD40L-induced B cell activation. Editor’s summary Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) has been linked to defective FAS signaling. Patients with ALPS-FAS typically have hypergammaglobulinemia and impaired B cell differentiation, but these defects cannot be explained by apoptosis-inducing functions of FAS. Staniek et al. observed that patients with ALPS-FAS have fewer germinal center (GC) B cells but a greater number of extrafollicular (EF) B cells. They determined that engagement of FAS upon T-dependent B cell activation via CD40L does not cause apoptosis but decreased mTOR activation, a process dependent on caspase-8 and nuclear exclusion of PTEN. By contrast, FASL-mediated mTOR modulation by PTEN nuclear exclusion was defective in B cells from patients with ALPS-FAS. Normal FAS signaling was also linked to expression of genes needed for GC initiation, thus suggesting a role for non-apoptotic FAS signaling as a molecular switch determining GC or EF fates. —Christiana N. Fogg