Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of the Experimental Curves as the Implementation of Unknown Piecewise Smooth Functions

While processing (e.g. spline approximation) of experimental curves that supposed to be implementations of piecewise smooth functions distorted by noise, the task of determining the boundary points of the pieces arises. A suitable resolution for examining each curve is unknown. Construction of partial answers at a number of increasing resolutions is proposed. Each partial answer contains information about specific points found at a given resolution. The general answer is a subset of maximum cardinality of sequential and not conflicting partial answers. The results of experiments on segmentation of curves based on proposed method are discussed.
Research and design of distributed testing framework for 5G network

As the 5G network continues to evolve with micro-services, the protocol implementation in the network is decentralised to individual network elements, with multiple network elements collaborating to provide services to the terminals. The functional testing of the network therefore requires the simultaneous testing of multiple network elements.The current test system cannot test multiple network elements simultaneously and has the problem that test anomalies are difficult to locate.This paper proposes a distributed testing framework for 5G networks, which is based on the TTCN-3 testing framework as a prototype and designed using keyword-driven technology and remote procedure call (RPC) technology based on C/S architecture.The framework has proven to have the following advantages: good scalability of the test nodes, the ability to test multiple network elements simultaneously, and the ability to locate test anomalies at the element signalling level.
Oral Tolerance - Induction and Modulation*

Nach enteraler Gabe von Antigenen können verschiedene lokale (in der Darmmukosa) und systemische Immunantworten ausgelöst werden. Ihr Spektrum reicht von spezifischer Unterdrückung einer systemischen Immunantwort (orale Toleranzentwicklung) bis zur aktiven Immunisierung oder Sensibilisierung (priming). Im folgenden Artikel werden in einer kurzen Übersicht die zugrundeliegenden immunologischen Prinzipien diskutiert. Anschließend werden die Umstände geschildert, die die Ausbildung der oben erwähnten Immunantworten beeinflussen. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Beschreibung eines neu entwikkelten' Tiermodells zur Untersuchung der Induktion und Modulation der oralen Toleranz bei neonatalen und erwachsenen Mäusen gelegt. Die Bedeutung der oralen Toleranz ftir die Entwicklung und Verhinderung von Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten wird erörtert.
Sensing performance: from Balinese character to Japanese androids

ABSTRACT This article examines recent work in machine performance in the context of an ‘Artificial Life’ research lab, linking the disciplines of visual anthropology, cybernetics, Artificial Life and Deep Learning-based artificial intelligence with the increasing interest in deploying ‘intelligent machines’ in artistic performance settings. As recent explorations of ‘machine vision’ in robotics demonstrate, cameras can be understood as instruments of capture and representation which no longer are simply recorders of images whose meanings are to be unlocked by human interpreters. Moving across a range of performative contexts, from anthropologists Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead’s ethnographic work in Bali to experiments with an autonomous android in the Japanese lab, the article explores the camera as a cybernetically influenced sensing device that generates complex feedback loops between entities and their spatio-temporal environments. How does the camera as a sensing device enact a kind of visual performativity whereby technologically mediated subjects and selves are not recorded but, in effect, produced through interactive circuits, instruments and computational technologies? How might models of perception and observation that emerge from the social and natural sciences shape new ideas about the entangling of computational and real bodies spaces in the emerging practices of performance design?
Parental logic among Russian-speaking two-step migrants

ABSTRACT This study focuses on a selected group of two step migrants – the ‘1.5 generation’ of migrants born as a Jewish minority in former Soviet Union countries, who migrated firstly to Israel as children and were raised there as a Russian-speaking minority, and later migrated a second time to a Global North country as adults with their own children. This cohort experienced major shifts in their socio-economic status during their first migration yet were subsequently able to retain their social standing during their second migration despite the upheaval. Interviews with 18 families were conducted to explore their experiences of integration retrospectively: both as minority children in an Israeli host society and their later adult perceptions of the ways their children (have continued to) assimilate into the society of Global North host countries. We identify specific parental logics applied by this adult cohort, which may nuance the Lareau model of concerted cultivation vs. natural growth parenting. We discuss the possible implications of our study and propose future research directions.
Optical Clocks and Relativity

Relativity Comes Down to Earth Over a century ago, Einstein presented the theory of relativity—where space and time are no longer fixed concepts, but are relative to an observer and their frame of reference. Tests of relativity have usually been confined to space-based measurements and/or with objects with velocities approaching the speed of light. Time-dilation and length-contraction have been confirmed and are used in satellite communication and global positioning systems. Using the precision of state-of-the-art optical clocks, Chou et al. (p. 1630) have confirmed that relativistic effects can now be measured at speeds attained by 100 meters sprinters (10 m/s) and gravitational effects due to just one meter height difference. The tiny relativistic effects of everyday life can be measured by clocks ticking at optical frequencies. Observers in relative motion or at different gravitational potentials measure disparate clock rates. These predictions of relativity have previously been observed with atomic clocks at high velocities and with large changes in elevation. We observed time dilation from relative speeds of less than 10 meters per second by comparing two optical atomic clocks connected by a 75-meter length of optical fiber. We can now also detect time dilation due to a change in height near Earth’s surface of less than 1 meter. This technique may be extended to the field of geodesy, with applications in geophysics and hydrology as well as in space-based tests of fundamental physics.
Magnetoclimatological Record of Late Pleistocene Loess in the Southern Hunshandake Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia: A Threshold Response to the East Asian Summer Monsoon Variations

We report the first complete loess–paleosol record spanning the last 130 kyr from the southern extremity of the Hunshandake Sandy Land (HSL) in central‐eastern Mongolia. Our combined mineral magnetic and geochemical results demonstrate that during the last interglacial, the front of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) extended to central‐eastern Inner Mongolia, consistent with modern observations of climate change. However, during the last glacial, typical magnetic parameters (e.g., magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization and their ratios), which have been successfully adopted to denote the EASM variations on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), show only muted temporal variations and cannot be readily correlated with equivalent records from the main body of the CLP. Remarkably, the Zr/Rb ratio, a robust geochemical indictor of the winter monsoon, is positively correlated with saturation isothermal remanent magnetization and saturation magnetization during the last glacial, demonstrating the strong control of wind vigor on high‐field magnetization signals dominated by lithogenic ferrimagnetic minerals. In contrast to the variable response of magnetic parameters to regional paleoclimatic fluctuations, the Rb/Sr and Ba/Sr ratios (two summer monsoon indicators) faithfully track weak chemical weathering processes and fine‐scale monsoon oscillations, especially during the last glacial. Additionally, we found that higher proportions of pedogenic high‐coercivity magnetic minerals were formed during the last interglacial, which may reflect relatively low rainfall but higher evapotranspiration in the southern extremity of the HSL compared with the CLP. We therefore attribute this complex magnetic record to a threshold response to the EASM variations in eastern Inner Mongolia.
Characterizing Peridotite Xenoliths From Southern Vietnam: Insight Into the Underlying Lithospheric Mantle

We present data for lithospheric mantle xenoliths sampled from two alkali basalts in south‐central Vietnam, Pleiku and Xuan Loc, including fertile spinel peridotites. To better determine the origins of the Indochinese subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), including impacts of posited tectonic extrusion, we present major and trace elements, and 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb in xenolith mineral separates. Most peridotites from Pleiku and Xuan Loc have fertile major element compositions, “depleted” and “spoon‐shaped” rare earth element (REE) patterns, interpreted to record prior melt depletion followed by melt metasomatism, and variable but generally depleted isotopic signatures (e.g., 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70238–0.70337 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512921–0.514190). A small group of refractory peridotites have “enriched” REE patterns suggesting more extensive metasomatism and enriched isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70405 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512755–0.512800). The presence of both fertile and refractory xenoliths records a heterogeneous SCLM beneath Vietnam. Based on geothermobarometry calculations, fertile xenoliths have equilibrium temperatures of 923–1,034°C and pressures of 11.7–15.8 kbar, while refractory xenoliths have comparable temperatures of 923–1,006°C, but lower pressures of 7.1–10.0 kbar, suggesting refractory rocks are dominantly present at shallower depths. We suggest that the lithospheric mantle has experienced variable melt extraction around 1.0–1.3 Ga, producing heterogeneous major element compositions. While we cannot rule out partial removal and replacement of the lithosphere, large‐scale delamination is not necessary to explain observed characteristics. The entire SCLM was more recently metasomatized by melts resembling Cenozoic basalts, suggesting recent asthenospheric melting has modified the SCLM by melt infiltration.
Normalized naive set theory.

The broad goal of this thesis is the realization of a mathematically useful formal theory that contains a truth predicate, or as it’s called in the literature, a “naive theory”. To realize this goal, we explore the prospects for a naive set theory which can define a truth predicate. We first consider some of the promising developments in naive set theories using various non-classical logics that have come before. We look at two classes of non-classical logics: weak relevant logics [58, 59] and light linear logics [52]. Both of these have been used in the development of naive set theories. We review the naive set theories using these logics then discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. We then turn to the primary contribution of this thesis: the development of a robust naive set theory by accepting only normalized proofs, an idea first proposed by logician Dag Prawitz [25, 39]. It is demonstrated that this theory meets our need of logical strength in a system, while possessing more expressiveness in a foundational system than has come before. All of Heyting Arithmetic is recovered in this theory using a type-theoretic translation of the proof theory and other unique features of the theory are discussed and explored. It is further asserted that this theory is in fact the best case scenario for realizing informal proof in a formal system.
H ∞ filtering for switched linear parameter-varying systems and its application to aero-engines

This study deals with the H ∞ filtering problem for switched linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems using the multiple parameter-dependent Lyapunov function technique. The parameter and mode-dependent switching law and the filter state-relied controllers are designed to ensure the H ∞ performance without requiring the stability of each individual subsystem. An H ∞ filtering synthesis condition is obtained by a matrix optimisation iterating algorithm. Simulation result on a switched LPV aero-engine model shows the feasibility and the validity of the H ∞ filtering scheme.
Stable Delayed Bilateral Teleoperation of Mobile Manipulators

This paper proposes a control scheme for a stable teleoperation of non‐holonomic mobile manipulator robots. This configuration presents high‐coupled dynamics and motion redundancy. The problem approached in this work is the teleoperation of the end effector velocity of the Mobile Manipulator, while system redundancy is used to achieve secondary control objectives. We considered variable asymmetric time delays as well as non‐passive models of operator and environment. From this study, it is possible to infer the control parameters, depending on the time delay, in order to assure stability. Finally, the performance of the delayed teleoperation system is evaluated through simulations of human‐in‐the‐loop internet teleoperation.
Évolution numérique des points de vente par la borne interactive : quels impacts sur l’imagerie mentale, l’expérience de magasinage et la valeur de magasinage ?

Cet article mobilise le cadre theorique de l’imagerie mentale, de l’experience et de la valeur de magasinage pour analyser l’influence de l’utilisation d’une borne interactive sur ces trois concepts. L’etude qualitative menee aupres de 43 consommateurs releve une modification de l’ensemble des dimensions de l’experience, notamment les dimensions temporelle et cognitive. Ces dimensions fortement liees a l’imagerie mentale, impactent la valeur de magasinage utilitaire, hedonique, sociale, l’excellence des services et dans une moindre mesure l’esthetique des points de vente. Sur le plan managerial, des elements de reflexion sont apportes aux enseignes qui souhaitent accompagner la digitalisation de leur(s) magasin(s).
A Recursive Nonlinear System Identification Method Based on Binary Measurements

An online approach to nonlinear system identiﬁcation based on binary observations is presented in this paper. This recursive method is a nonlinear extension of the LMS-like (least-mean-squares) basic identiﬁcation method using binary observations (LIMBO). It can be applied in the case of weakly nonlinear Dufﬁng oscillator coupled with a linear system characterized by a ﬁnite impulse response. It is then possible to estimate both Dufﬁng and impulse response coefﬁcients knowing only the system input and the sign of the system output. The impulse response is identiﬁed up to a positive multiplicative constant. The proposed method is compared in terms of convergence speed and estimation quality with the usual LMS approach, which is not based on binary observations.
Copy Number Variants and heritability estimates on UKBiobank data

Copy Number Variants (CNVs) are sometimes used to perform association studies. The aim of this paper was to study the use of CNVs in another context: heritability estimation. We wanted to assess the impact of using CNVs in these estimates, either alone, or in conjunction with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Using real SNP and CNV data from UK Biobank, we simulated phenotypes depending either on one or the two type(s) of data. We showed that mixed models, usually used for estimating heritability on SNP data, were also capable of estimating CNV heritability and to properly decipher between CNV and SNP heritabilities when phenotypes depend on both types of data. However CNV heritability estimation becomes more challenging when it is only supported by the few relatively common CNVs. Finally we estimated CNV and SNP heritabilities for two real phenotypes from UK Biobank (height and hypertension) but only hypertension showed a small but non-null CNV heritability of about 1.7%.
SparrKULee: A Speech-evoked Auditory Response Repository of the KU Leuven, containing EEG of 85 participants

Researchers investigating the neural mechanisms underlying speech perception often employ electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity while participants listen to spoken language. The high temporal resolution of EEG enables the study of neural responses to fast and dynamic speech signals. Previous studies have successfully extracted speech characteristics from EEG data and, conversely, predicted EEG activity from speech features. Machine learning techniques are generally employed to construct encoding and decoding models, which necessitate a substantial amount of data. We present SparrKULee: A Speech-evoked Auditory Repository of EEG, measured at KU Leuven, comprising 64-channel EEG recordings from 85 young individuals with normal hearing, each of whom listened to 90-150 minutes of natural speech. This dataset is more extensive than any currently available dataset in terms of both the number of participants and the amount of data per participant. It is suitable for training larger machine learning models. We evaluate the dataset using linear and state-of-the-art non-linear models in a speech encoding/decoding and match/mismatch paradigm, providing benchmark scores for future research.
Experimental infection of elk (Cervus canadensis) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with SARS-CoV-2

Elk (Cervus canadensis) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were experimentally evaluated for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Elk did not shed infectious virus but produced low-level serological responses. Mule deer shed and transmitted virus in addition to mounting pronounced serological responses; they could therefore play a role in the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. Article Summary Line Experimental infection of elk (Cervus canadensis) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with SARS-CoV-2 revealed that while elk are minimally susceptible to infection, mule deer become infected, shed infectious virus, and can infect naïve contacts.
The capsular polysaccharide obstructs wall teichoic acid functions in Staphylococcus aureus

Background The cell envelope of Staphylococcus aureus contains two major secondary cell wall glycopolymers: capsular polysaccharide (CP) and wall teichoic acid (WTA). Both the CP and the WTA are attached to the cell wall and play distinct roles in S. aureus colonization, pathogenesis, and bacterial evasion of host immune defenses. Objective We aimed to investigate whether CP interferes with WTA-mediated properties. Methods Strains with natural heterogeneous expression of CP, strains with homogeneous high CP expression and CP-deficient strains were compared to WTA deficient controls regarding WTA dependent phage binding, cell adhesion, IgG deposition, and virulence in vivo. Results WTA-mediated phage adsorption, specific antibody deposition and cell adhesion were negatively correlated with CP expression. WTA, but not CP, enhanced the bacterial burden in a mouse abscess model, while CP overexpression resulted in intermediate virulence in vivo. Conclusions CP protects the bacteria from WTA-dependent opsonization and phage binding. This protection comes at the cost of diminished adhesion to host cells. The highly complex regulation and mostly heterogeneous expression of CP has probably evolved to ensure the survival and optimal physiological adaptation of the bacterial population as a whole.
Discovering genetic biomarkers for targeted cancer therapeutics with eXplainable AI

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) enables a holistic understanding of the complex and nonlinear relationships between genes and prognostic outcomes of cancer patients. In this study, we focus on a distinct aspect of XAI – to generate accurate and biologically relevant hypotheses and provide a shorter and more creative path to advance medical research. We present an XAI-driven approach to discover otherwise unknown genetic biomarkers as potential therapeutic targets in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, evidenced by the discovery of IL27RA, which leads to reduced peritoneal metastases when knocked down in tumor-carrying mice given IL27-siRNA-DOPC nanoparticles. Summary Explainable Artificial Intelligence is amenable to generating biologically relevant testable hypotheses despite their limitations due to explanations originating from post hoc realizations.
Co-opted cytosolic host proteins form unique condensate substructures within the membranous tombusviral replication organelles

Positive-strand RNA viruses co-opt intracellular organellar membranes for the biogenesis of viral replication organelles (VROs). The membranous VROs are the sites of viral replication. Tombusviruses co-opt numerous host proteins, many of them cytosolic, not membrane-bound, such as the glycolytic and fermentation enzymes. It is currently not known what type of molecular organization keeps these enzymes enriched and sequestered within the membranous VROs. Here, we show evidence that the tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) p33 and the closely-related carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) p36 replication proteins sequester several co-opted cytosolic proteins in unique condensate substructures associated with the membranous VROs. We find that TBSV p33 and CIRV p36 replication proteins form droplets in vitro organized by their intrinsically disordered region (IDR). The replication proteins also organize the partitioning of several co-opted host proteins to p33/p36 droplets. We also show that the VRO-associated condensates containing co-opted glycolytic and fermentation enzymes are critical for local ATP production within the VRO to support the energy need of virus replication. A short segment with charged amino acids in p33/p36 IDR plays a critical role in droplet formation in vitro, in organizing the VRO-associated condensates and affects both ATP production in VROs and viral replication. We find that the co-opted ER membranes and actin filaments form meshworks within and around the condensate, likely contributing to the unique composition and structure of VROs. We propose that the p33/p36 replication proteins organize liquid-liquid phase separation of co-opted highly concentrated host proteins in condensate substructures within VROs to allow for the dynamic regulation of viral replication. Overall, we demonstrate that distinct substructures co-exist in tombusvirus VROs. These are the subverted membranes and condensate substructures, both of which are critical for VRO functions. The p33/p36 replication proteins induce and connect the two substructures within the VROs. Interfering with condensate formation in VROs might open up new antiviral approaches.