Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D Time and Space-Resolved Measurements of Growth in Plants 1 Summary

This project aims to set up a multi-channel imaging system to monitor dynamic processes in growing plant organs. To achieve this in the medium term, several techniques visualising the relevant quantities have to be developed in the first hand. Growth distribution analysis provides the framework for the entire project. A 2D-method has been developed during the first phase of the research unit on the base of the structure tensor algorithm developed for motion analysis in the central project. An experimental set up was developed, which allows to acquire image sequences of growing leaves during day and night without disturbance of the plant’s physiology and with sufficient contrast to analyse growth spatially at a temporal resolution of approximately 15 minutes. The structure tensor algorithm and a normalised convolution method were combined to obtain growth maps. These were successfully evaluated versus standard techniques. As a first botanical application, diurnal variations in growth distribution were studied in dicot leaves, already with unique results. In preparation of the 3D-technique needed for full analysis of a freely moving leaf, a camera mount was developed, which allows to sample image sequences needed for 3D-reconstruction of the leaf as the base for further growth analysis. Transpiration was chosen as the first physiological quantity to be visualised. A passive thermography method was developed, in which the difference in the surface temperatures between the leaf and Tetenal-coated brass plates could be proofed to be closely related to transpiration rate. The temperature difference closely mimicked the dynamic change in transpiration rate in experiments, in which CO2-concentration or light conditions were varied to change transpiration rates. Additionally, an active thermography technique was established, which allows to determine the distribution of heat capacities on the leaf. A combination of these two techniques will allow to analyse local transpiration rates on the leaf by IR-imaging. In preparation for future applications, two set ups for root growth analysis were developed. These are presently investigated for their usability with algorithms developed in the central project for particle motion analysis. Imaging of calcium concentration in living plants was prepared for by developing the set up and by implementing the image acquisition routines needed in the software package.
Automating the assignment of submitted manuscripts to reviewers

The 117 manuscripts submitted for the Hypertext '91 conference were assigned to members of the review committee, using a variety of automated methods based on information retrieval principles and Latent Semantic Indexing. Fifteen reviewers provided exhaustive ratings for the submitted abstracts, indicating how well each abstract matched their interests. The automated methods do a fairly good job of assigning relevant papers for review, but they are still somewhat poorer than assignments made manually by human experts and substantially poorer than an assignment perfectly matching the reviewers' own ranking of the papers. A new automated assignment method called “n of 2n” achieves better performance than human experts by sending reviewers more papers than they actually have to review and then allowing them to choose part of their review load themselves.
Medical image watermarking with tamper detection and recovery using reversible watermarking with LSB modification and run length encoding (RLE) compression

Medical images have been used as one of the objects to diagnose the patient. A digitally formatted medical image is easier to be stored and distributed but also easier to be modified for illegal purposes. Digital image watermarking offers a solution to protect digital medical images. By embedding fragile authentication watermark, the watermarking system can detect and localize the tampered area of medical images. Moreover, by embedding the feature extraction in the form of average intensities of the image, an original image can be recovered from the tampered image. This paper will study and test a watermarking scheme using LSB Modification to perform tamper detection and recovery in the ROI. To make this watermarking scheme reversible, RLE is used to embed the original LSBs in the RONI to get higher embedding capacity. The experimental results show that this watermarking system can detect and localize tamper with up to 100% accuracy and perform image recovery up to 100% recovery rate until 20% of tempered area in ROI.
Exact modeling of the performance of random linear network coding in finite-buffer networks

In this paper, we present an exact model for the analysis of the performance of Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) in wired erasure networks with finite buffers. In such networks, packets are delayed due to either random link erasures or blocking by full buffers. We assert that because of RLNC, the content of buffers have dependencies which cannot be captured directly using the classical queueing theoretical models. We model the performance of the network using Markov chains by a careful derivation of the buffer occupancy states and their transition rules. We verify by simulations that the proposed framework results in an accurate measure of the network throughput offered by RLNC. Further, we introduce a class of acyclic networks for which the number of state variables is significantly reduced.
Integral mappings and the principle of local reflexivity for noncommutative

A transformer includes first and second coils which are generally cylindrical and having an outer circumferential surface, an inner diametral surface and first and second axial extremities. Shielding is disposed around the coils comprising a web shaped metallic, non-magnetic, electrically conductive generally rectangular first member. The first member has a first portion extending about substantially the entire inner diametral surface of the coils and has a plurality of tab shaped portions extending respectively about a substantial portion of each of said first and second axial extremities. A second non-magnetic, electrically conductive metallic member extending over substantially the entire circumferential extent of each coil.
The Case for Fiscal Policy

This paper reconsiders the case for the use of fiscal policy based on a "functional finance" approach that advocates the use of fiscal policy to secure high levels of demand in the context of private aggregate demand, which would otherwise be too low. This "functional finance" view means that any budget deficit should be seen as a response to the perceived excess of private savings over investment at the desired level of economic activity. The paper outlines the "functional finance" approach and its relationship with fiscal policy. It then considers the three lines of argument that have been advanced against fiscal policy on the grounds of "crowding out. " These lines are based on the response of interest rates, the supply-side equilibrium, and Ricardian equivalence. The paper advances the view that the arguments, which have been deployed against fiscal policy to the effect that it does not raise the level of economic activity, do not apply when a "functional finance" view of fiscal policy is adopted. A section on the intertermporal budget constraint considers whether this constraint rules out budget deficits, and concludes that in general it does not.
WhiskyMHD: a new numerical code for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics

The accurate modelling of astrophysical scenarios involving compact objects and magnetic fields, such as the collapse of rotating magnetized stars to black holes or the phenomenology of γ-ray bursts, requires the solution of the Einstein equations together with those of general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics. We present a new numerical code developed to solve the full set of general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics equations in a dynamical and arbitrary spacetime with high-resolution shock-capturing techniques on domains with adaptive mesh refinements. After a discussion of the equations solved and of the techniques employed, we present a series of testbeds carried out to validate the code and assess its accuracy. Such tests range from the solution of relativistic Riemann problems in flat spacetime, over to the stationary accretion onto a Schwarzschild black hole and up to the evolution of oscillating magnetized stars in equilibrium and constructed as consistent solutions of the coupled Einstein–Maxwell equations.
Differential macular morphology in patients with RPE65-, CEP290-, GUCY2D-, and AIPL1-related Leber congenital amaurosis.

PURPOSE To evaluate genotypic and macular morphologic correlations in patients with RPE65-, CEP290-, GUCY2D-, or AIPL1-related Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS SD-OCT macular scans were performed in 21 patients, including 10 with RPE65, 7 with CEP290, 3 with GUCY2D, and 1 with AIPL1 mutations. An image processing software was used to manually draw segmentation lines by three observers. Lamellar structure was evaluated based on the number of retinal layers on segmented images. Total retinal thickness was measured at the central macular and perifoveal areas by using an automated algorithm. RESULTS All three patients with GUCY2D mutations (age range, 20-53 years) retained six retinal layers with visible photoreceptor inner/outer segment juncture (PSJ). However, the preservation of lamellar structures did not parallel better visual acuity. Patients with other mutations had poorly defined PSJ and disorganized retinal lamellar structures, where only one to three retinal layers could be observed. Patients with CEP290 mutations trended to have retention of the outer nuclear layer at the fovea and macular thickening, especially at younger ages. In patients with RPE65 (age range, 20-71 years) and AIPL1 mutations (age, 22 years), macular thickness was markedly decreased. Disorganization of retinal lamellar structures in the RPE65 group trended toward a worsening with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS Variations of macular microstructures were observed among LCA patients with different genotypes. Disorganization of retinal lamellar structure was generally age related. Preservation of retinal microanatomic structures may not be associated with better visual acuity.
ManiSonS: A New Visualization Tool for Manifold Clustering

M anifold learning is an important theme in machine learning. This paper proposes a new visualization approach to manifold clustering. The method is based on pie charts in order to obtain meaningful visu- alizations of the clustering results when applying a manifold technique. In addition to this, the proposed approach extracts all the existing rela- tionships among the attributes of the di! erent clusters and find the most important variables of the manifold in order to distinguish among the dif- ferent clusters. The methodology is tested in one synthetic data set and one real data set. Achieved results show the suitability and usefulness of the proposed approach.
Enumerating Equivalence Classes of Bayesian Networks using EC Graphs

We consider the problem of learning Bayesian network structures from complete data. In particular, we consider the enumeration of their k-best equivalence classes. We propose a new search space for A* search, called the EC graph, that facilitates the enumeration of equivalence classes, by representing the space of completed, partially directed acyclic graphs. We also propose a canonization of this search space, called the EC tree, which further improves the efficiency of enumeration. Empirically, our approach is orders of magnitude more efficient than the state-ofthe-art at enumerating equivalence classes.
SPARC-Independent Delivery of Nab-Paclitaxel without Depleting Tumor Stroma in Patient-Derived Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts

The study goal was to examine the relationship between nab-paclitaxel delivery and SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) expression in pancreatic tumor xenografts and to determine the antistromal effect of nab-paclitaxel, which may affect tumor vascular perfusion. SPARC-positive and -negative mice bearing Panc02 tumor xenografts (n = 5–6/group) were injected with IRDye 800CW (IR800)-labeled nab-paclitaxel. After 24 hours, tumors were collected and stained with DL650-labeled anti-SPARC antibody, and the correlation between nab-paclitaxel and SPARC distributions was examined. Eight groups of mice bearing either Panc039 or Panc198 patient-derived xenografts (PDX; 4 groups/model, 5 animals/group) were untreated (served as control) or treated with gemcitabine (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p., twice per week), nab-paclitaxel (30 mg/kg body weight, i.v., for 5 consecutive days), and these agents in combination, respectively, for 3 weeks, and tumor volume and perfusion changes were assessed using T2-weighted MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, respectively. All tumors were collected and stained with Masson's Trichrome Stain, followed by a blinded comparative analysis of tumor stroma density. IR800-nab-paclitaxel was mainly distributed in tumor stromal tissue, but nab-paclitaxel and SPARC distributions were minimally correlated in either SPARC-positive or -negative animals. Nab-paclitaxel treatment neither decreased tumor stroma nor increased tumor vascular perfusion in either PDX model when compared with control groups. These data suggest that the specific tumor delivery of nab-paclitaxel is not directly related to SPARC expression, and nab-paclitaxel does not deplete tumor stroma in general. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 680–8. ©2016 AACR.
Características de los equipos de trabajo universitario en contextos virtuales

El rendimiento de los equipos de trabajo en el alumnado depende de los roles a traves de los que se configuran. El proposito de esta investigacion es conocer que tipo de equipos son los que mejor rendimiento obtienen en contexto virtual y su repercusion en el rendimiento individual. El estudio se llevo a cabo en la Escuela de Magisterio de Bilbao (UPV/EHU) sobre una muestra de 163 estudiantes de educacion primaria. El alumnado conformo 31 equipos de trabajo distribuidos segun los roles de Belbin y trabajo de forma cooperativa y virtualmente por medio de wikis con el fin de desarrollar objetos de aprendizaje. De la investigacion se extrae que los equipos con un equilibrio de varios roles entre sus miembros y una participacion activa, tienen mayor garantia de exito que los que tienen un desdoblamiento de fortalezas y debilidades y no interactuan
Efficient Packet Demultiplexing for Multiple Endpoints and Large Messages

This paper describes a new packet filter mechanism that efficiently dispatches incoming network packets to one of multiple endpoints, for example address spaces. Earlier packet filter systems iteratively applied each installed filter against every incoming packet, resulting in high processing overhead whenever multiple filters existed. Our new packet filter provides an associative match function that enables similar but not identical filters to be combined together into a single filter. The filter mechanism, which we call the Mach Packet Filter (MPF), has been implemented for the Mach 3.0 operating system and is being used to support endpoint-based protocol processing, whereby each address space implements its own suite of network protocols. With large numbers of registered endpoints, MPF outperforms the earlier BSD Packet Filter (BPF) by over a factor of four. MPF also allows a filter program to dispatch fragmented packets, which was quite difficult with previous filter mechanisms.
The Hopf modules category and the Hopf equation

We study the Hopf equation which is equivalent to the pentagonal equation, from operator algebras. A FRT type theorem is given and new types of quantum groups are constructed. The key role is played now by the classical Hopf modules category. As an application, a five dimensional noncommutative noncocommutative bialgebra is given.
Subversion of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis by pathogenic bacteria

Activation of the inflammasome occurs in response to a notably high number of pathogenic microbes and is a broad innate immune response that effectively contributes to restriction of pathogen replication and generation of adaptive immunity. Activation of these platforms leads to caspase-1- and/or caspase-11-dependent secretion of proteins, including cytokines, and induction of a specific form of cell death called pyroptosis, which directly or indirectly contribute for restriction of pathogen replication. Not surprisingly, bona fide intracellular pathogens developed strategies for manipulation of cell death to guarantee intracellular replication. In this sense, the remarkable advances in the knowledge of the inflammasome field have been accompanied by several reports characterizing the inhibition of this platform by several pathogenic bacteria. Herein, we review some processes used by pathogenic bacteria, including Yersinia spp. , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Francisella tularensis, Shigella flexneri, Legionella pneumophila, and Coxiella burnetii to evade the activation of the inflammasome and the induction of pyroptosis.
Design and analysis of ultra-thin-body SOI based subthreshold SRAM

This paper analyzes the stability, margin, and performance of Ultra-Thin-Body (UTB) SOI 6T/8T SRAM cells operating in subthreshold region. An analytical SNM model for UTB SOI 6T/8T SRAM cells operating in the subthreshold region is presented to investigate the Read SNM (RSNM) and Write SNM (WSNM). Our results indicate that back-gating technique is more effective in the subthreshold region than in the superthreshold region for improving RSNM and WSNM. The UTB SOI 6T SRAM cell with back-gating technique to increase the strength of the pull-up transistors and decrease the strength of the pass-gate transistors shows comparable RSNM in the subthreshold region with the 10T bulk subthreshold SRAM cell and an improvement in RSNM variation. Due to better electrostatic integrity, back-gating technique (pull-up PFET with positive back-gate bias, pull-down/pass-gate NFET's with negative back-gate bias) mitigates the 6T UTB SOI SRAM RSNM variation significantly with some improvement in RSNM. Increasing cell β-ratio shows limited improvement on RSNM and has no benefit on SNM variability for subthreshold operation. The UTB SOI 8T SRAM cell exhibits RSNM 2X larger than the 6T SRAM cell in the subthreshold region. Mixed-mode device/circuit simulations show that 6T/8T UTB SOI SRAMs operating in the subthreshold region can meet/support the stability, leakage/density, and frequency requirements for intended application space of subthreshold SRAMs.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Hemorrhage After Partial Nephrectomy

Purpose To evaluate the frequency and clinical characteristics of postoperative hemorrhage as a complication of partial nephrectomy. Materials and Methods The demographics, physical statistics, tumor size, R.E. N.A. L. nephrometry score, operative method, warm ischemic time, and presence of postoperative hemorrhage and its severity and method of intervention were examined in 300 partial nephrectomy patients in two medical centers (Stanford Medical Center and Kyung Hee University Medical Center) between March 2000 and March 2012. Results Of the 300 subjects, 13 (4.3%) experienced postoperative hemorrhage severe enough to require intervention more invasive than transfusion (Clavien grade III or higher). Univariate analysis of the bleeding and nonbleeding groups showed that whereas age, ischemic time, tumor size and stage, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and operative method did not differ significantly, the exophyticity (E) score was significantly higher for severe postoperative hemorrhage (p=0.04). However, multivariate analysis showed none of the factors to differ significantly. In most of the cases requiring intervention, selective embolization was sufficient, but in one case explorative laparotomy and nephrectomy were required. Clinical characteristics varied significantly among severe hemorrhage cases, with time of onset ranging from the first to the 30th postoperative day and symptoms presenting in a diverse manner, such as gross hematuria and pleuritic chest pain. Computed tomography and angiographic findings were consistent with either arteriovenous fistula or pseudoaneurysms. Conclusions Severe hemorrhage after partial nephrectomy is rare. Nonetheless, with the great variability in presenting symptoms and time of onset after surgery, surgeons should exercise great vigilance during the postoperative care of partial nephrectomy patients.
Caveolin-1 Expression Level in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Predicts Outcome in Gastric Cancer

Aims Altered expression of epithelial or stromal caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is observed in various types of human cancers. However, the clinical significance of Cav-1 expression in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. The present study aims to explore the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of both tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) Cav-1 in GC. Methods and Results Quantum dots immunofluorescence histochemistry was performed to examine the expression of Cav-1 in 20 cases of gastritis without intestinal metaplasia (IM), 20 cases of gastritis with IM and 286 cases of GC. Positive rates of epithelial Cav-1 in gastritis without IM, gastritis with IM and GC showed a decreasing trend (P = 0.012). Low expression of Cav-1 in CAFs but not in tumor cells was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in GC patients (P = 0.034 and 0.005 respectively in disease free survival and overall survival). Cav-1 level in tumor cells and CAFs showed no significant correlation with classic clinicopathological features. Conclusions Loss of epithelial Cav-1 may promote malignant progression and low CAFs Cav-1 level herald worse outcome of GC patient, suggesting CAFs Cav-1 may be a candidate therapeutic target and a useful prognostic marker of GC.