Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The consistency control system of XML documents

As XML documents become widely used, demands for concurrent authoring of XML documents increase significantly CVS is widely used for traditional plain-text based documents, but it doesn't meet the demands sufficiently This is because CVS is based on line-oriented diff and merge operations, and doesn't pay attention to XML tree structure. To cope with this problem, we developed a topology-sensitive XML diff algorithm. The consistency control system based on our algorithm can handle XML tree structure appropriately, reduces unexpected conflicts, and generates properly merged outputs.
Toward Data Integrity Attacks Against Optimal Power Flow in Smart Grid

In this paper, we address the security issue of optimal power flow (OPF) (as a key component in the smart grid). To be specific, we investigate the data integrity attack against OPF with the least effort from the adversary’s perspective, and propose effectively defense schemes to combat the data integrity attack, with respect to the number of nodes to compromise and the amount of information to manipulate. The investigated attack can first select the minimum number of target nodes to compromise by analyzing the difference between the capacity of transmission line and the real transmission power, and then search for a critical attack vector as an optimal attack strategy. To defend against such an attack, we develop the defensive schemes by not only protecting the critical nodes but also detecting the existence of attacks based on false measurement detection schemes. Based on various IEEE standard systems, we show the effectiveness of our investigated attack scheme and the corresponding defense schemes. The experimental results show that the discovered compromised nodes and critical attack vector could lead to the increase of the fuel cost from the power generation by compromising the least number of nodes and injecting the least amount of false information, in comparison with the random attack as the baseline attack strategy. In addition, our two developed defensive schemes are capable of making OPF resilient to the data integrity attack via protecting critical nodes and identifying the falsified measurements accurately in the system.
Cluster Analysis and Mathematical Programming

Given a set of entities, Cluster Analysis aims at finding subsets, called clusters, which are homogeneous and/or well separated. As many types of clustering and criteria for homogeneity or separation are of interest, this is a vast field. A survey is given from a mathematical programming viewpoint. Steps of a clustering study, types of clustering and criteria are discussed. Then algorithms for hierarchical, partitioning, sequential, and additive clustering are studied. Emphasis is on solution methods, i.e., dynamic programming, graph theoretical algorithms, branch-and-bound, cutting planes, column generation and heuristics. Résumé Étant donné un ensemble d’objets, la classification automatique a pour but de trouver des sous-ensembles, ou classes, homogènes et/ou bien séparées. Comme de nombreux types de classification et critères d’homogénéité et de séparation sont dignes d’intéret, ce domaine est varié. On en présente une revue, d’un point de vue de programmation mathématique. On discute les étapes d’une étude de classification, les types de classigication et les critères. On étudie ensuite les algorithmes de classification hiérarchique, de partitionnement, de classification séquentielle et additive. On insiste sur les méthodes de résolution, c’est-à-dire la programmation dynamique, les algorithmes de graphes, les procédures d’optimisation par séparation, la génération de colonnes et les heuristiques. Acknoledgment: Corresponding author. Research supported by ONR grant N00014-95-1-0917, FCAR grant 95-ER-1048 and NSERC grants GP0105574 and GP0036426. State-of-the-art survey to be presented at the XVIth Mathematical Programming Symposium, Lausanne August 25–29 1997, to appear in Mathematical Programming, B.
Chronic accessibility and agenda setting: interface between psychology and communication in a study about beauty

The present research aims to investigate automatism and chronic accessibility, through a comparison between formal (media) and informal (verbal discourse) communication styles, providing evidences for the agenda setting as mean for investigation. In Study 1, semi-structured interviews were made in different groups of women. In the second study, the content of feminine magazines was analyzed, based on the categories found in the latter. Results partially support the theoretical proposal of agenda setting, and suggest three discursive dimensions: Beauty Finality, Aspects that impact in Care, Types of Cares. Results also suggest that media does not have the expected influence. Different frequencies were found for the meiotic and verbal discourses.
Defining Preparation and Professional Development for the Future

This article provides an overview of principal and superintendent preparation in the past and offers suggestions for the future development of such leaders. Implications for principal and superintendent preparation are that many essential skills and much important knowledge cannot be delivered by a traditional university-based program. Although the authors continue to support the preparation of principals and superintendents in university-based programs for these harsh and demanding times, they recommend that the programs (a) attend to belief, attitude, and philosophy; (b) deal with problems in practice; and (c) foster institutional arrangements to allow for coordination of efforts with schools. Preparation must be redesigned to reflect the findings of research on the advancement of professional practice. Preparation programs must be reorganized to reflect what we have learned from large-scale school improvement efforts. There must be closer association between higher education, the professional organizations, and districts themselves to provide preparation outside conventional classroom settings.
Chronic exposure of cerebellar granule cells to ethanol results in increased N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function.

In primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells, activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor leads to Ca2+ influx. Previous work showed that this response is selectively inhibited by acute exposure to low concentrations of ethanol. The present results demonstrate that the response to NMDA (measured as an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, using fura-2 fluorescence) is significantly enhanced after chronic in vitro exposure of the cells to ethanol (100 mM for 2-4 days; 20 mM for 3 or more days). This enhancement is consistent with an increased number of NMDA receptors, with no change in receptor properties. Specifically, there was no change in the EC50 values for NMDA and glycine or in the magnitude of inhibition of the NMDA response by competitive or uncompetitive antagonists. There was also no change in the ability of acute ethanol to inhibit the NMDA response after chronic exposure of the cells to ethanol. Furthermore, chronic ethanol exposure did not alter depolarization-dependent increases in intracellular Ca2+ observed after exposure of the cells to 30 mM KCl. The data suggest that chronic ethanol exposure produces a selective up-regulation of NMDA receptor function. In the intact animal, such a change may be associated with particular symptoms of ethanol withdrawal, i.e., withdrawal seizures.
A validation test of a message elaboration measure

This report is on the development and testing of a message elaboration measure. The reliability of the message elaboration scale is high μ = . 86 to . 94 over several studies. Confirmatory factor analytic procedures support the structure of the scale. Patterns of correlations with existing measures of cognitive processes also support the validity of the message elaboration measure.
MAVS activates TBK1 and IKKε through TRAFs in NEMO dependent and independent manner

Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) transmits signals from RIG-I-like receptors after RNA virus infections. However, the mechanism by which MAVS activates downstream components, such as TBK1 and IKKα/β, is unclear, although previous work suggests the involvement of NEMO or TBK1-binding proteins TANK, NAP1, and SINTBAD. Here, we report that MAVS-mediated innate immune activation is dependent on TRAFs, partially on NEMO, but not on TBK1-binding proteins. MAVS recruited TBK1/IKKε by TRAFs that were pre-associated with TBK1/IKKε via direct interaction between the coiled-coil domain of TRAFs and the SDD domain of TBK1/IKKε. TRAF2−/−3−/−5−/−6−/− cells completely lost RNA virus responses. TRAFs’ E3 ligase activity was required for NEMO activation by synthesizing ubiquitin chains that bound to NEMO for NF-κB and TBK1/IKKε activation. NEMO-activated IKKα/β were important for TBK1/IKKε activation through IKKα/β-mediated TBK1/IKKε phosphorylation. Moreover, individual TRAFs differently mediated TBK1/IKKε activation and thus fine-tuned antiviral immunity under physiological conditions.
Effects of Graded Levels of Montmorillonite on Performance, Hematological Parameters and Bone Mineralization in Weaned Pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of graded levels of montmorillonite, a constituent of clay, on performance, hematological parameters and bone mineralization in weaned pigs. One hundred and twenty, 35-d-old crossbred pigs (Duroc×Large White×Landrace, 10.50±1.20 kg) were used in a 28-d experiment and fed either an unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet or similar diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0% montmorillonite added at the expense of wheat bran. Each treatment was replicated six times with four pigs (two barrows and two gilts) per replicate. Feed intake declined (linear and quadratic effect, p< 0.01) with increasing level of montmorillonite while feed conversion was improved (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01). Daily gain was unaffected by dietary treatment. Plasma myeloperoxidase declined linearly (p = 0.03) with increasing dietary level of montmorillonite. Plasma malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were quadratically affected (p<0.01) by montmorillonite with increases observed for pigs fed the 0.5 and 1.0% levels which then declined for pigs fed the 2.5 and 5.0% treatments. In bone, the content of potassium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese and magnesium were decreased (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01) in response to an increase of dietary montmorillonite. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of montmorillonite at levels as high as 5.0% does not result in overt toxicity but could induce potential oxidative damage and reduce bone mineralization in pigs.
WNT4-like protein is a cortical granule component in mouse oocytes and functions in regulating preimplantation embryogenesis

Abstract Mammalian cortical granules (CG) are membrane-bound organelles located in the cortex of the unfertilized oocytes. Upon fertilization, CG undergo exocytosis to function in blocking polyspermy. While cortical granules are important in fertilization, their exact biochemical composition and reproductive function have not been fully defined. In the present study, a 66 kDa wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4 (WNT4)-like protein, with mouse CG origin was identified. Oocytes that were double labeled with lectin Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and WNT4 antibody showed colocalization of the WNT4 molecules and cortical granules. The disappearance of WNT4 molecules in the artificially activated oocytes that were devoid of cortical granules confirmed their granule origin. Following fertilization, WNT4 remained associated with zygotes and blastomeres of 2-cell and 8-cell embryos; however the amount of protein present was reduced more than 2-fold as embryos developed. Prior to implantation, WNT4 appeared to be detectable only in the trophoblast cells. Our functional study revealed that WNT4 molecules were involved in regulating zygotic cleavage and early embryogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating mammalian cortical granules contain signaling molecules that are involved in the regulation of the first phase of embryonic development.
A generic calculus of XML editing deltas

In previous work we outlined a mathematical model of the so-called XML editing deltas and proposed a first study of their formal properties. We expected at least three outputs from this theoretical work: a common basis to compare performances of the various algorithms through a structural normalization of deltas, a universal and flexible patch application model and a clearer separation of patch and merge engine performance from delta generation performance. This paper presents the full calculus and reports significant progresses with respect to formalizing a normalization procedure. Such method is key to defining an equivalence relation between editing scripts and eventually designing optimizers compiler back-ends, new patch specification languages and execution models.
Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease: A polysomnography study

To investigate excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the reasons for which have not yet been clarified, polysomnography (PSG) and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) were performed in 46 patients with PD, and, in addition, PSG was performed in 30 healthy controls. Assessment included Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Hamilton Test (HT) for depression. Fifty percent of PD patients reported EDS (ESS, 10 ± 4.5 vs. 6.9 ± 3.7; P = 0.01). Compared with controls, PD patients as a group had lower sleep efficiency (65 ± 22 vs. 77 ± 14; P = 0.03), a longer Stage 2 (73 ± 12 vs. 67 ± 12; P = 0.03), and a shorter rapid eye movement stage (8 ± 8 vs. 17 ± 8; P < 0.001). Clinical data and sleep characteristics were similar in PD with/without EDS. Of interest, patients treated with clonazepam (CLNZ) had lower EDS than those without CLNZ (ESS, 7.9 ± 4.7 vs. 11.3 ± 4.0; P = 0.03). These patients suffered less periodic leg movement during sleep (2.1 ± 2.7 vs. 12.4 ± 28; P = 0.04), which might explain the finding. No correlation was found between ESS, MSLT, and all other clinical features analyzed. In PD patients, according to the data obtained, severity of EDS does not depend on any specific clinical factor and the etiology is probably multifactorial. Paradoxically, PD patients treated with CLNZ were less sleepy than patients not treated with CLNZ. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Amino Acid Sequence of Thymopoietin Isolated from Skin

The isolation of thymopoietin-reactive material in fetal bovine skin was monitored by means of a radioimmunoassay to thymopoietin. The amino acid sequence of this material was determined to be identical with that of thymopoietin isolated from the thymus. Experimental evidence suggests that thymopoietin in the circulation derives from the thymus and not from the skin, suggesting that the thymopoietin in keratinocytes has a local function, either apocrine and/or immunoregulatory.
Alternate views of graph clusterings based on thresholds: a case study for a student forum

A network represented as a graph, can be transformed to a sparser graph, if a threshold is applied to the relationship between its objects. The threshold can be used as an upper or lower limit or define a range based on which we can exclude connections from the graph, thus resulting to different views of a graph. We examine for various values of the threshold the effect it has on the task of community detection and we propose a method to validate the results of the corresponding clusterings against the clustering of the original graph. We transform the clusterings in comparable forms and we employ four known measures for clustering validation in order to examine their resemblance. We present some preliminary experiments to evaluate the effects of a threshold on the clustering task and we outline possible usage of the different views that are produced.
Comparing Haemozoin count and Parasitaemia in the Prognosis of severe Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and non-immune adults in Kano-Nigeria

This study compared the value of pigment containing leucocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) counts and the malaria parasite density in the prognosis of severe malaria on four hundred and twenty (420) patients with clinical evidence of severe malaria in Kano-Nigeria. Three clinical groups comprising patients with impaired consciousness, patients with cerebral malaria and those with severe anaemia were identified. Samples were analysed for Malaria parasitemia and pigment count Giemsa’s thick and Leishman’s thin film respectively. Patients with impaired consciousness (n=217) recorded the highest malaria pigment count of 342.86 (±177.34) monocytes pigments/microliter. The highest parasite count of 234,962 (±264.5) per microliter was recorded among the cerebral malaria group. Patients with severe malaria and anaemia had the least neutrophils pigment and parasite counts of 219.0 (±140.96)/microliter and 212,232(±12.61)/microliter respectively. A linear relationship between the malaria parasite count and the Intraneutrophilic malaria pigment count in severe malaria was demonstrated. Pigment count proved a higher prognostic value in severe malaria compared to Parasitaemia. Keywords : Haemozoin, Plasmodium falciparum, Parasitaemia, Malaria
Cable tension monitoring of suspender arch bridges during cable tension adjustment stage basis on neural network algorithm

Cable tension adjustment of suspender arch bridges is the key technology during the construction stages of this bridge type. Nowdays, there are some disadvantages of different degrees in commonly used cable tension monitoring methods during cable tension adjustment stage of suspender arch bridges. Therefore, the cable tention monitoring method of suspender arch bridges during cable tension adjustment basis on neural network algorithm is proposed. Strain and displacement in specific sections of arch ribs and stiffening girders are taken as input data in this method. While the cable tension is taken as output data. During the cable tension adjustment stage of suspender arch bridges, it only needs to collect the strain and displacement in specific sections, in order to analyze the cable tension. Finally, relying on a suspender arch bridge, the formed method is verified.
An evaluation of cross-language adaptation and native speech training for rapid HMM construction based on very limited training data

As the needs and opportunities for speech technology applications in a variety of languages have grown, methods for rapid transfer of speech technology across languages have become a practical concern. Previous works focus on the comparison of different adaptation algorithms, for example, MAP (Maximum A Posterior), Bootstrap, and MLLR (Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression) on speaker adaptation. However, a very interesting point is that, with increasing adaptation corpora, the performance of direct native speech training may already exceed the performance of cross-language adaptation. If it is true, there should be a threshold for the size of an adaptation corpus. In general, transfering acoustic knowledage is useful when there is not enough training data available. This paper presents a systematic comparison of the relative effectiveness of cross-language adaptation and native speech training, using transfer from English to Mandarin as a test case. This study found that cross-language adaptation does not produce better acoustic models than the direct native speech training approach even using limited training data.
Exact Safety Verification of Hybrid Systems Based on Bilinear SOS Representation

In this article, we address the problem of safety verification of nonlinear hybrid systems. A hybrid symbolic-numeric method is presented to compute exact inequality invariants of hybrid systems efficiently. Some numerical invariants of a hybrid system can be obtained by solving a bilinear SOS programming via the PENBMI solver or iterative method, then the modified Newton refinement and rational vector recovery techniques are applied to obtain exact polynomial invariants with rational coefficients, which exactly satisfy the conditions of invariants. Experiments on some benchmarks are given to illustrate the efficiency of our algorithm.
The Nurse Theorists: 21st-Century Updates—Betty Neuman

The Neuman systems model focuses on the wellness of the client system in relation to environmental stressors and reactions to stressors. The development of the model was motivated by Betty Neuman’s desire to respond to the expressed needs of graduate students at the School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), for course content that would present the breadth of nursing problems prior to content emphasizing specific nursing problem areas. Neuman (1995) claimed that she had no intention of creating a specific conceptual model for the nursing community when she developed the model. She commented, “It is important to state that neither was I knowledgeable about nursing models nor had a clear trend yet begun in nursing for developing models. The Neuman systems model was developed strictly as a teaching aid” (p. 674). The Neuman systems model arose from Neuman’s observations, clinical and teaching experiences in mental health nursing, and her synthesis of knowledge from several adjunctive disciplines. She explained,
Human Gait Modeling and Analysis Using a Semi-Markov Process With Ground Reaction Forces

Modeling and evaluation of patients’ gait patterns is the basis for both gait assessment and gait rehabilitation. This paper presents a convenient and real-time gait modeling, analysis, and evaluation method based on ground reaction forces (GRFs) measured by a pair of smart insoles. Gait states are defined based on the foot–ground contact forms of both legs. From the obtained gait state sequence and the duration of each state, the human gait is modeled as a semi-Markov process (SMP). Four groups of gait features derived from the SMP gait model are used for characterizing individual gait patterns. With this model, both the normal gaits of healthy people and the abnormal gaits of patients with impaired mobility are analyzed. Abnormal evaluation indices (AEI) are further proposed for gait abnormality assessment. Gait analysis experiments are conducted on 23 subjects with different ages and health conditions. The results show that gait patterns are successfully obtained and evaluated for normal, age-related, and pathological gaits. The effectiveness of the proposed AEI for gait assessment is verified through comparison with a video-based gait abnormality rating scale.