Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Access 3 project protocol: young people and health system navigation in the digital age: a multifaceted, mixed methods study

Background The integration of digital technology into everyday lives of young people has become widespread. It is not known whether and how technology influences barriers and facilitators to healthcare, and whether and how young people navigate between face-to-face and virtual healthcare. To provide new knowledge essential to policy and practice, we designed a study that would explore health system access and navigation in the digital age. The study objectives are to: (1) describe experiences of young people accessing and navigating the health system in New South Wales (NSW), Australia; (2) identify barriers and facilitators to healthcare for young people and how these vary between groups; (3) describe health system inefficiencies, particularly for young people who are marginalised; (4) provide policy-relevant knowledge translation of the research data. Methods and analysis This mixed methods study has four parts, including: (1) a cross-sectional survey of young people (12–24 years) residing in NSW, Australia; (2) a longitudinal, qualitative study of a subsample of marginalised young people (defined as young people who: identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander; are experiencing homelessness; identify as sexuality and/or gender diverse; are of refugee or vulnerable migrant background; and/or live in rural or remote NSW); (3) interviews with professionals; (4) a knowledge translation forum. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approvals were sought and granted. Data collection commenced in March 2016 and will continue until June 2017. This study will gather practice and policy-relevant intelligence about contemporary experiences of young people and health services, with a unique focus on five different groups of marginalised young people, documenting their experiences over time. Access 3 will explore navigation around all levels of the health system, determine whether digital technology is integrated into this, and if so how, and will translate findings into policy-relevant recommendations.
Salmonella-Induced Apoptosis of Infected Macrophages Results in Presentation of a Bacteria-Encoded Antigen after Uptake by Bystander Dendritic Cells

Salmonella typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterium that survives and replicates inside vacuolar compartments of macrophages. Infection of macrophages with S. typhimurium grown under conditions allowing expression of the type III secretion system results in apoptotic death of the infected cells. Here, we show that infection of bone marrow–derived macrophages (MΦ) with wild-type S. typhimurium 14028 results in presentation of epitopes derived from a bacteria-encoded antigen on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II molecules after internalization of apoptotic MΦ by bystander dendritic cells (DCs). In contrast, infection of MΦ with the phoP constitutive mutant strain CS022, which does not induce apoptosis in infected MΦ, does not result in presentation of a bacteria-derived antigen by bystander DCs unless the infected MΦ are induced to undergo apoptosis by treatment with lipopolysaccharide and ATP. DCs appear to be unique in their ability to present antigens derived from MΦ induced to undergo apoptosis by Salmonella, as bystander MΦ are not capable of presenting the bacteria-derived antigen despite the fact that they efficiently internalize the apoptotic cells. These data suggest that apoptosis induction by bacterial infection of MΦ may not be a quiescent death that allows the bacteria to escape recognition by the immune system, but rather may contribute to an antimicrobial immune response upon engulfment by bystander DCs.
Multi-Service System: An Enabler of Flexible 5G Air Interface

A multi-service system is an enabler to flexibly support diverse communication requirements for the next generation wireless communications. In such a system, multiple types of services coexist in one baseband system with each service having its optimal frame structure and low out-of-band emission waveforms operating on the service frequency band to reduce the ISvcBI. In this article, a framework for a multi-service system is established, and the challenges and possible solutions are studied. The multi-service system implementation in both the time and frequency domains is discussed. Two representative SFMC waveforms, F-OFDM and UFMC, are considered in this article. Specifically, the design methodology, criteria, orthogonality conditions, and prospective application scenarios in the context of 5G are discussed. We consider both SR and MR signal processing methods. Compared to the SR system, the MR system has significantly reduced computational complexity at the expense of performance loss due to ISubBI in MR systems. The ISvcBI and ISubBI in MR systems are investigated with proposed low-complexity interference cancellation algorithms to enable multi-service operation in low interference level conditions.
EDACluster: An Evolucionary Density and Grid-Based Clustering Algorithm

This paper presents EDACluster, an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) applied to the clustering task. EDA is an Evolutionary Algorithm used here to optimize the search for adequate clusters when very little is known about the target dataset. The proposed algorithm uses a mixed approach – density and grid-based – to identify sets of dense cells in the dataset. The output is a list of items and their associated clusters. Items in low-density areas are considered noise and are not assigned to any cluster. This work uses four public domain datasets to perform the tests that compare EDACluster with DBSCAN, a conventional density-based clustering algorithm.
Multiple source, multiple destination network tomography

The problem of identifying topology and inferring link-level performance parameters such as packet drop rate or delay variance using only end-to-end measurements is commonly referred to as network tomography. This paper describes a collaborative framework for performing network tomography on topologies with multiple sources and multiple destinations, without assuming the topology to be known. Using multiple sources potentially provides a more accurate and refined characterization of the internal network. We present a novel multiple source active measurement procedure using a semirandomized probing scheme and packet arrival order measurements which do not require precise synchronization between the participating hosts. A decision-theoretic framework is developed enabling the joint characterization of topology and internal performance. We design a statistical test based on the generalized likelihood ratio test and Wilks' theorem. The test quantifies the tradeoff between network topology complexity and performance estimation, and identifies when measurements made by the two sources can be combined to achieve reduced variance performance estimates. The performance and efficacy of the algorithm are assessed through ns-2 simulations and experiments over the Internet
On Reliability Analysis for Embedded Systems with AADL Behavior Model

It presents a method of AADL reliability analysis and assessment for embedded systems in this paper. The system reliability is not only relies on system architecture, but also relates to dynamic behavior of system model. Based on behavior model, it generates error model automatically which has been widely used in reliability modeling and analysis, and this reflects the association between error happening and component behavior. At last, a case study is introduced to demonstrate the performance of the approach.
Ethnic variability in the treatment of pain

Ethnicity has been shown to be an important determinant of behavior during illness, particularly when a painful condition is present. Studies have shown that pain may be undertreated among different ethnic groups of patients. Whereas individual variations in the reaction to pain occur, available data do not support racial and/or ethnic differences in the perception of pain, leaving no justification for this discrepancy in treatment. Regardless of ethnicity, inadequate treatment of pain has been known for some time and has been referred to in recent literature as “oligoanalgesia. ” Lack of understanding of different ethnic and cultural groups can lead to inaccurate pain assessment and has been repeatedly shown to result in suboptimal pain control. Additional research is needed to determine the reasons for discrepancies in pain treatment between ethnic groups. The purpose of the present article is to increase awareness among anesthesiologists about ethnic and cultural issues that may influence their assessment and treatment of pain. Culture influences the interactions between patients and health care providers. Ethnicity has been shown to be an important determinant of behavior during illness, particularly when a painful condition is present. 1 Numerous clinical studies have compared pain responses and treatments in various cultural groups. 2-4 However, this topic has received little attention in the anesthesiology literature. We present information concerning the influence of ethnicity on the treatment of acute pain and suggest areas in need of improvement when treating a diverse population. For some time, differences in the interpretation of and reaction to pain in patients of different cultures have been known. Numerous investigations have revealed cultural differences regarding stoicism, expression, beliefs, and attitudes with respect to pain. 5-7 Studies show that pain is undertreated in some ethnic groups of patients. 2,8 Considering that the available data do not support racial and/or ethnic differences in the perception of pain, 9-11 there is no justification for this discrepancy in treatment. Algesimetry studies use techniques such as electromyography, pupillometry, and heart rate to measure pain objectively. 3,12-14 However, pain is generally measure subjectively in the clinical arena, making pain-related research particularly challenging. This underscores the importance of effective communication in the patient-physician relationship. Cultural and language barriers affect the evaluation of pain, making it difficult for health care providers to understand and treat patients. When particular studies are discussed in this paper, the terminology describing race and ethnicity is that used in the original articles.
Towards a Workflow Oriented Software Assistance for the Radiofrequency Ablation

In recent years, radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors has become a serious alternative to surgical resection for unresectable colorectal metastases. The treatment success highly depends on an effective placement of the radiofrequency applicators into the tumor to get a sufficient coagulative necrosis. Therefore, several software tools have been developed for the support and planning of a good treatment strategy. The software solution proposed in this paper aims at the assistance of the radiologist at each stage of the ablation workflow, including the tasks of planning, intervention and treatment assessment.
Measuring the similarity of Rhythmic Patterns

A system is described which measures the similarity of two arbitrary rhythmic patterns. The patterns are represented as acoustic signals, and are not assumed to have been performed with similar sound sets. Two novel methods are presented that constitute the algorithmic core of the system. First, a probabilistic musical meter estimation process is described, which segments a continuous musical signal into patterns. As a side-product, the method outputs tatum, tactus (beat), and measure lengths. A subsequent process performs the actual similarity measurements. Acoustic features are extracted which model the fluctuation of loudness and brightness within the pattern, and dynamic time warping is then applied to align the patterns to be compared. In simulations, the system behaved consistently by assigning high similarity measures to similar musical rhythms, even when performed using different sound sets.
MAGICCARPET: Verified Detection and Recovery for Hardware-based Exploits

Abstract—MAGICCARPET is a new approach to defending systems against exploitable processor bugs. MAGICCARPET uses hardware to detect violations of invariants involving security-critical processor state and uses firmware to correctly push software’s state past the violations. The invariants are specified at run time. MAGICCARPET focuses on dynamically validating updates to security-critical processor state. In this work, (1) we generate correctness proofs for both MAGICCARPET hardware and firmware; (2) we prove that processor state and events never violate our security invariants at runtime; and (3) we show that MAGICCARPET copes with hardware-based exploits discovered post-fabrication using a combination of verified reconfigurations of invariants in the fabric and verified recoveries via reprogrammable software. We implement MAGICCARPET inside a popular open source processor on an FPGA platform. We evaluate MAGICCARPET using a diverse set of hardware-based attacks based on escaped and exploitable commercial processor bugs. MAGICCARPET is able to detect and recover from all tested attacks with no software run-time overhead in the attack-free case.MAGICCARPET is a new approach to defending systems against exploitable processor bugs. MAGICCARPET uses hardware to detect violations of invariants involving security-critical processor state and uses firmware to correctly push software’s state past the violations. The invariants are specified at run time. MAGICCARPET focuses on dynamically validating updates to security-critical processor state. In this work, (1) we generate correctness proofs for both MAGICCARPET hardware and firmware; (2) we prove that processor state and events never violate our security invariants at runtime; and (3) we show that MAGICCARPET copes with hardware-based exploits discovered post-fabrication using a combination of verified reconfigurations of invariants in the fabric and verified recoveries via reprogrammable software. We implement MAGICCARPET inside a popular open source processor on an FPGA platform. We evaluate MAGICCARPET using a diverse set of hardware-based attacks based on escaped and exploitable commercial processor bugs. MAGICCARPET is able to detect and recover from all tested attacks with no software run-time overhead in the attack-free case.
Multiple‐region gradient arrays for extended field of view, increased performance, and reduced nerve stimulation in magnetic resonance imaging

This article presents a novel design for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient systems. This design may allow the development of MRI scanners that are capable of imaging large regions with high performance while minimizing the potential for nerve stimulation. The general concept of the gradient system is that spatial oscillation is incorporated such that each gradient coil creates multiple, approximately linear gradient regions that oscillate in gradient polarity. Separate radiofrequency (RF) coil arrays are designed to be sensitive to the signals within each linear region and thus allow signal measurements to be obtained separately from each region. Enabling image acquisition in the transition region that separates each pair of adjacent linear regions requires a second gradient system with imaging regions that overlap and coincide with the transition regions of the first gradient system. Imaging the extended field of view (FOV) is accomplished by interleaved operation of the two gradient systems. Simulated annealing is used to create designs for both longitudinal and transverse gradient systems with two imaging regions. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of the LiDAR accuracy in mapping forest road alignments and estimating the earthwork volume

Today, differential geographical position system and total station devices are improving the accuracy of positioning information, but in critical locations such as steep slopes and closed canopy cover, the device accuracy is limited. Moreover, field surveying in this technique is time-consuming and expensive. For this reason, remote sensing technique such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) laser scanner should be used in field measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare precision and time expenditure of total station and airborne LiDAR in producing horizontal and vertical alignments and estimating earthwork volume of two proposed forest roads in a deciduous forest of Iran. To investigate this task, the geographical position of proposed forest roads were detected by differential geographical position system and then marked on land. Mentioned roads were taken again with Leica Total Station (LTS) on control points with same 5 m intervals from start point. Recent data served as a reference value for comparison with LiDAR measurements. The data were processed in Civil 3D, Fusion and Leica geo office software. Results showed that in comparison to field-surveyed routes by LTS, the LiDAR-derived routes exhibited a horizontal accuracy of 0.23 and 0.47 m and vertical accuracy of 0.31 and 0.66 m for road 1 and road 2, respectively. The LiDAR-derived sections every 1 m exhibited cut and fill accuracy of 2.39 and 3.18 m3 for road 1 and 2.98 and 5.60 m3 road 2, respectively. In this study, it was proved that the road project can be prepared faster by LiDAR than that of LTS. Therefore, high accuracy of road projection by LiDAR is useful for terrain analysis without the need for field reconnaissance.
Globalization and Inequality in the Developing World : Potential Benefits with Real Costs

This paper reviews the effects of globalization on income inequality in the developing world. Globalization so far has been an uneven process both within and between countries. Foreign direct investment, short-term financial flows and new technologies have been primarily concentrated on developed countries and a few developing ones. Internally, the process has usually had negative effects on the most vulnerable groups, which have been affected by the fiscal squeeze and increasing human insecurity. The paper argues that in order to understand globalization’s mixed results we must study the driving forces of the process. The paper identifies three key forces: the increasing role of TNCs, the financialization of the economy and the new neoliberal economic policy model. The importance of these driving forces to explain the potential benefits and real costs of globalization is illustrated through the experience of Costa Rica. The paper concludes by offering some policy recommendations to make globalization more successful. * This paper was awarded with the David Gordon Award for Student’s Papers in Economics in 2002-2003, which included its publication as Working Paper for the Center for Economic Policy Analysis. Support from the Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Economicas (Universidad de Costa Rica) for research in Costa Rica is gratefully acknowledged.
A protocol design for evaluation of wearable cuff-less blood pressure measuring devices

This paper proposes one of the unique requirements in the validation protocol of the IEEE P1708 standard in assessing wearable cuff-less blood pressure (BP) measuring devices. Based on principles that are different from that of the conventional cuff-based devices, the cuff-less BP measurement approaches often require an individual calibration procedure. In this study, we used data from an experiment carried out on 28 subjects with a total of 139 sets of BP measurements as an example to show that breakdown of the performance evaluation of cuff-less devices according to the change of BP from the point of calibration is crucial for understanding and interpreting the overall accuracy of the device.
A Third Bacterial System for the Assembly of Iron-Sulfur Clusters with Homologs in Archaea and Plastids* 210

The assembly of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters is mediated by complex machinery. In several proteobacteria, this process involves ISC (Fe-S cluster assembly) machinery composed of at least six components also conserved in mitochondria from lower to higher eukaryotes. In nitrogen-fixing bacteria, another system, termed NIF (nitrogen fixation), is required for the maturation of nitrogenase. Here we report the identification of a third system, designated the SUF machinery, the components of which are encoded in Escherichia coli by an unassigned operon, sufABCDSE. We have analyzed spontaneous pseudorevertants isolated from a mutant strain lacking all the components of the ISC machinery. The suppressor mutations in the revertants have been localized to the regulatory region of the suf operon; overexpression of this operon restores the growth phenotypes and activity of Fe-S proteins in mutant cells lacking ISC. Disruption of the suf operon alone does not cause any major defects, but synthetic lethality was observed when both the isc and suf operons were inactivated. These results indicate that proteins encoded by the sufoperon participate in the ISC-independent minor pathway for the assembly of Fe-S clusters. The genes homologous to sufBCare present in a wide range of bacteria, Archaea, and plastids, suggesting that this type of system is almost ubiquitous in nature.
Utilization of potentially inappropriate medications in elderly patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India

Aim: To evaluate the use of potentially inappropriate medicines in elderly inpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed for cases of elderly patients admitted between January 2010 and December 2010. Data on age, gender, diagnosis, duration of hospital stay, treatment, and outcome were collected. Prescriptions were assessed for the use of potentially inappropriate medications in geriatric patients by using American Geriatric Society Beer's criteria (2012) and PRISCUS list (2010). Results: A total of 676 geriatric patients (52.12% females) were admitted in the medicine ward. The average age of geriatric patients was 72.69 years. According to Beer's criteria, at least one inappropriate medicine was prescribed in 590 (87.3%) patients. Metoclopramide (54.3%), alprazolam (9%), diazepam (8%), digoxin > 0.125 mg/day (5%), and diclofenac (3.7%) were the commonly used inappropriate medications. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in heart and renal failure patients was the commonly identified drug–disease interaction. According to PRISCUS list, at least one inappropriate medication was prescribed in 210 (31.06%) patients. Conclusion: Use of inappropriate medicines is highly prevalent in elderly patients.
Stochastic modeling of tumor induced angiogenesis in a heterogeneous medium, the extracellular matrix

Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels, is a process whereby capillary sprout are formed in response to external stimuli. We model the tumor induced angiogenesis on keys events such of migratory response of endothelial cells to tumor angiogenic factors and the local cell interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM). We consider the ECM medium as a statistically inhomogeneous two-phase random medium. Numerical simulations of the model are presented. Using this model, we will compare the influence of ECM distribution on vascular network formation. By developing mathematical models of angiogenesis, we hope to provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis
Accelerated Stochastic Approximation

A technique to accelerate convergence of stochastic approximation algorithms is studied. It is based on Kesten’s idea of equalization of the gain coefficient for the Robbins–Monro algorithm. Convergence with probability 1 is proved for the multidimensional analog of the Kesten accelerated stochastic approximation algorithm. Asymptotic normality of the delivered estimates is also shown. Results of numerical simulations are presented that demonstrate the efficiency of the acceleration procedure.