Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bilateral transshipment between competing retailers

This article investigates whether and how competing retailers should transship to each other in overlapping markets where customers encountering stock‐out at one retailer may switch to another. A two‐stage game model is used to examine the inventory and end‐of‐season transshipment decisions. We show that, instead of unconditional full‐transshipment for the case of non‐competing retailers, the stage‐2 optimal transshipment policy consists of no‐transshipment, partial‐transshipment, and full‐transshipment, determined by the interplay of switching probability, transshipment price, and remaining inventory. We find that transshipment dampens (respectively, intensifies) the inventory competition when the transshipment price is viable and below (respectively, above) a threshold. In addition to its inventory pooling effect, transshipment under competition also has a competition effect which is positive when transshipment dampens inventory competition but not too strongly. The option of bilateral transshipment leads to a Pareto improvement for competing retailers, when the competition effect is positive; but even when it is negative, Pareto improvement is still achievable for a wider transshipment price range in which the combined pooling and competition effect is positive. We identify explicitly the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique pair of coordinating transshipment prices and provide formulas to compute them.
Reference governor for constrained uncertain linear systems subject to bounded input disturbances

A method is presented for designing robust reference governors for uncertain discrete-time linear systems in the presence of unknown but bounded input disturbances and pointwise-in-time input and/or state constraints. A reference governor is a nonlinear device which is added to a primal compensated linear system in order to modify, when necessary, the reference signal in such a way the constraints are enforced and the compensated system maintains its linear behaviour. The present solution extends previous results in various directions.
Particle migration rates in a Couette apparatus

Bulk migration of particles towards regions of lower shear occurs in suspensions of neutrally buoyant spheres in Newtonian fluids undergoing creeping flow in the annular region between two rotating, coaxial cylinders (a wide-gap Couette). For a monomodal suspension of spheres in a viscous fluid, dimensional analysis indicates that the rate of migration at a given concentration should scale with the square of the sphere radius. However, a previous experimental study showed that the rate of migration of spherical particles at 50% volume concentration actually scaled with the sphere radius to approximately the 2.9 power.
A robust improved image stitching algorithm based on keypoints registration

An improved algorithm based on Harris Corner Detection is presented. It has good noise resistive and can extract feature point on edge precisely and reduce the effect of noise and isolated pixels. To improve the Harris corner detection performance, several methods are involved. Instead of the Gaussian function, a B-spline smooth function is used. It can preserve more corner information and prevent corner position offsetting. To get more robust results, a modified corner response is also employed. In the corner matching process, the gradient information within a 5×5 window is used to perform a more robust matching. By an improved image matching algorithm, it can match the feature point precisely and reduce the incorrect matches. After that the images are aligned, the image of the overlapping band is smoothed with fusion algorithm to obtain a seamless mosaic image.
Comparing liang-zeger estimates with maximum likelihood in bivariate logistic regression

The estimation methods of Liang and Zeger (1986) are compared to the method of maximum likelihood for a particular parametric model for bivariate logistic regression. The effect of correlation between the responses and intracluster correlation of the explanatory variables on the estimation procedures is studied. Specific comparisons via simulation are made in the context of an opthamologic data set.
A simple 3D plasma instrument with an electrically adjustable geometric factor for space research

We report on the design and experimental verification of a novel charged particle detector and an energy spectrometer with variable geometric factor functionality. Charged particle populations in the inner heliosphere create fluxes that can vary over many orders of magnitude in flux intensity. Space missions that plan to observe plasma fluxes, for example when travelling close to the Sun or to a planetary magnetosphere, require rapid particle measurements over the full three-dimensional velocity distribution. Traditionally, such measurements are carried out with plasma instrumentation with a fixed geometrical factor, which can only operate in a limited range of flux intensity. Here we report on the design and testing of a prototype sensor, which is capable of measuring particle flux with high angular and energy resolution, yet has a variable geometric factor that is controlled without moving parts. This prototype was designed in support of a proposal to make fast electron measurements on the Solar Probe Plus (SP+) mission planned by NASA. We simulated the ion optics inside the instrument and optimized the performance to design and build our prototype. This prototype was then tested in the MEFISTO facility at the University of Bern and its performance was verified over the full range of azimuth, elevation, energy and intensity.
Momentum Balance Model of Flow Field with Pseudo-Shock

The length of a pseudo-shock was estimated with a new momentum balance model. In the model, it is presumed that there is no wall friction in the region of the pseudo-shock. Inflow conditions are specified at a boundary sufficiently upstream of the pseudo-shock. The outflow boundary condition is applied with, for example, specified pressure or choking. The outflow impulse function is balanced with the inflow impulse function, the wall friction upstream of the pseudo-shock, and the reaction force from the wall. The starting position of the pseudo-shock is determined through balance of the forces in this model. The model was applied to several kinds of flow fields, for example, straight ducts with and without a backward-facing step, and divergent ducts. The model was also applied to the diffuser of an ejector-jet, in which two gases flowed in parallel. The calculated results agreed well with the experimental results. The starting position of the pseudo-shock was primarily dominated by the reaction force in the divergent duct. Several features of the pseudo-shock were explained with the present model.
Rank Test for Testing Randomness of the Technology Parameters in a Stochastic Frontier Regression Model

We propose a class of rank tests for testing the randomness of technology parameters in a stochastic frontier regression model. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is derived using the weak convergence results of empirical and rank processes. Since the distribution is quite complex and involves the unknown distribution of the error term, a bootstrap procedure is suggested and its validity is established. Simulation studies indicate that the test works well for most common choices of inefficiency distributions. The proposed test procedure is applied to a data set on electricity utility companies.
Multimodal engagement strategies in science dissemination: A case study of TED talks and YouTube science videos

The growing interest on science dissemination offers new opportunities to communicate science openly to various audiences, but also brings on the challenge of adapting to an audience that does not share the same academic background. This adaptation has been referred to as recontextualization. In the case of the formats that concern this study, that is, TEDx Talks and YouTube science dissemination videos, their multimodal nature suggests that recontextualization, and therefore engagement as a crucial aspect of this process, is likely to go way beyond purely linguistic aspects. The aim of this study is to unveil how engagement strategies in two science dissemination formats (a face to face talk and an online video) are realized through complex multimodal ensembles, and to highlight differences across them. In order to fulfill this aim, two talks by the same presenter and dealing with similar content were selected for analysis: a TEDx talk and a YouTube science dissemination video from the channel PBS Space Time. The recordings were annotated using the software Multimodal Video Analysis. The annotation included engagement strategies; embodied modes, that is, modes carried out using the body; and, in the case of the YouTube video, filmic modes, that is, modes triggered by the editing process of the recorded video. Our results show that the role of both embodied and filmic modes is paramount in the realization of engagement strategies. Our findings also bring to the fore significant differences in the ways in which the two distinct audiences are engaged, concerning the frequency and use of both semiotic modes and engagement strategies.
Intelligent Alarm Handling in Process Plant using Genetic Evolution

In this article an attempt has been made to combine Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Genetic programming (GP) to solve the problem of alarm handling in a given process plant in which various alarms are to be handled judiciously, and accordingly, fast recovery actions have to be taken up. The proposed technique will help the operators when they face situations where many alarms, both unwanted and relevant ones, are activated. Through the use of GP, state in which the system is can be known, and if this is a non-acceptable state, values of control variables are changed through the use of GAs in order to take the system to an acceptable state. Benefit of each individual technique has thus been used in the design of a fully automatic system for handling alarms in a process plant with controlled redundancy. The control parameters are encoded in the chromosome. Simulated results are shown in tabular form and a graph exhibiting the performance of the proposed system during three cases, best of generation, average of generation and worse of generation, are provided.
An efficient hybrid strategy for uplink channel estimation in massive MIMO systems based on spatially correlated channels

The channel estimation (CE) process is an important phase that has a considerable influence on the performance of massive multiple‐input multiple‐output systems, in particular, in a more realistic scenario where the channels are spatially correlated (ScD). Thereby, in this work, the uplink (UL) CE process and channel hardening (CH) feature is addressed for ScD Rayleigh fading channels using the statistical Bayesian minimum mean square error estimator. The spatial correlation (SC) of the channels is described using different models, namely, the Gaussian local scattering (GLS) model, the uniform local scattering model, and the proposed hybrid model. Each model (i.e., GLS model and the uniform local scattering model) is studied using two arrangements, that is, for a uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform planar array (UPA). Moreover, the CH feature is investigated under SC of the channels using different models. Furthermore, this study proposes an efficient hybrid strategy based on SC of the channels for UL CE; that is, this work proposes a hybrid covariance matrix (CM) for UPA arrangement by relying on the Kronecker product of the CMs generated through two ULA arrangements, where the first CM is generated through horizontal ULA using GLS model, whereas the second CM is generated through vertical ULA using uniform local scattering model (i.e., one‐ring model). Numerical results regarding CE and CH are provided to assert the theoretical expressions, where the CE is evaluated using the normalized mean square error, whereas the CH is assessed using the variance of CH.
Flutter Margin Evaluation for Three-Mode Discrete-Time Systems

In most of the flutter testing, the modal damping of a wing has been used to measure the stability margin for flutter, and to predict the critical speed at which flutter occurs. Since the damping, however, often starts to decrease abruptly near flutter boundary, it is not necessarily an appropriate index for the flutter prediction. For the purpose of flutter prediction, authors have introduced an alternative parameter, the flutter margin for discrete-time systems (FMDS), and overcame the defect of the damping method. It was also shown to be approximately equivalent to the flutter margin introduce by Zimmermann and Weissenburger. Unfortunately, it is applicable to the data which includes only two frequency modes because it is defined in two-degree-of-freedom systems. Author has attempted to extend the FMDS to three-mode systems. In this work the property of the new flutter prediction parameter proposed in the previous work is studied using a two-dimensional wing model. Then the parameter is applied to supersonic wind tunnel flutter test data. The results show that the proposed new parameter gives a successful prediction, so that it is effective for three-mode discrete-time systems.
Final-state-resolved charge exchange in C5 + collisions with H

We report charge exchange cross sections for the collision system C5 + + H using the quantum mechanical molecular-orbital close-coupling method. The multi-reference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction method is used to produce potential and coupling data, and scattering calculations are performed for collision energies between 0.01 eV/u to 1 keV/u for all l,S-resolved states within the n = 3 and 4 manifolds. The n = 5 manifold is represented through the inclusion of the 5s state. To predict cross sections at higher energies, we include new results from atomic-orbital close-coupling and classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations. We briefly discuss applications to x-ray emission within the solar system.
Spectral analysis and its applications

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An operator-analytic approach to the Jackson network

Operator methods are used in this paper to systematically analyze the behavior of the Jackson network. Here, we consider rarely treated issues such as the transient behavior, and arbitrary subnetworks of the total system. By deriving the equations that govern an arbitrary subnetwork, we can see how the mean and variance for the queue length of one node as well as the covariance for two nodes vary in time. We can estimate the transient behavior by deriving a stochastic upper bound for the joint distribution of the network in terms of a judicious choice of independent M/M/1 queue-length processes. The bound we derive is one that cannot be derived by a sample-path ordering of the two processes. Moreover, we can stochastically bound from below the process for the total number of customers in the network by an M/M/1 system also. These results allow us to approximate the network by the known transient distribution of the M/M/1 queue. The bounds are tight asymptotically for large-time behavior when every node exceeds heavy-traffic conditions.
Design of Polarization-Independent Coarse Wavelength Splitters Based on Ridge-Waveguide Directional Couplers

We present the first unique design of a polarization-independent dual-wavelength splitter for wavelengths around 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm that is potentially of great interest to passive optical network (PON) applications. The filter design is simple compared with the other architectures and is based on ridge-type lateral directional couplers that can be readily integrated with other planar waveguide devices. Two design examples, based on InP/InGaAsP and Si/SiGe waveguides, are given. This polarization-independent wavelength splitting is achieved by exploiting the polarization dependence of the waveguides to produce coupling lengths that are sensitive to polarization and wavelength. We show that, to split the wavelengths without splitting the polarizations, the coupling lengths must be sufficiently different for TE and TM and for the different wavelengths in order to give the correct required ratios between the TE and TM coupling lengths for the two wavelengths of interest. We also show that the same approach can be applied to the design of a polarization splitter. The crosstalk, optical bandwidth, and fabrication sensitivity for the wavelength filter are evaluated.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF IMAGE CODING USING WAVELETS

Summary: The aim of this paper to examine a larger set of wavelet functions for implementation in a still image compression system using Set-Partitioning In Hierarchical Tree (SPIHT) algorithm. This paper discusses important features of wavelet transform in compression of still images, including the extent to which the quality of image is degraded by the process of wavelet compression and decompression. Image quality is measured objectively using peak signal to noise ratio. The effect of different parameters is studied on different wavelet functions.
Flat amplitude equal spacing 798-channel Rayleigh-assisted Brillouin/Raman multiwavelength comb generation in dispersion compensating fiber

We demonstrate a simple method of generating evenly spaced multiwavelength Brillouin comb by employing dispersion compensating fiber both for Brillouin Stokes generation and Raman amplification. Multiwavelength output of 798 Brillouin Stokes lines with average channel power of -17 dBm has been obtained with excellent flatness. Channel spacing corresponds to the Brillouin Stokes shift in dispersion compensating fiber and is estimated to be 9.4 GHz with the heterodyne detection method. Coupled interaction of Brillouin, Raman, and Rayleigh scattering explains the unique feature of proposed structure.
Asymptotic analysis of 3D thin anisotropic plates with a piezoelectric patch

We consider a thin elastic plate with piezo patches mounted on top of it. Electrodes are located on the upper and, depending on the devices, at the lower surface of the patches. This piezo actuator is coupled to an elastic body. We develop an asymptotic procedure to derive a two‐dimensional approximation of the entire structure. As a result, we obtain an inhomogeneous fourth‐order plate equation with piecewise smooth coefficients for the vertical displacement coupled to a second‐order in‐plane problem. The analysis and the resulting asymptotic limits help clarifying the modeling issue concerning active piezo devices in multidimensional smart structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DETECTING A STOCHASTIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BACKGROUND WITH SPACE-BASED INTERFEROMETERS

The detection of a stochastic background of gravitational waves could significantly impact our understanding of the physical processes that shaped the early Universe. The challenge lies in separating the cosmological signal from other stochastic processes such as instrument noise and astrophysical foregrounds. One approach is to build two or more detectors and cross correlate their output, thereby enhancing the common gravitational wave signal relative to the uncorrelated instrument noise. When only one detector is available, as will likely be the case with space based gravitational wave astronomy, alternative analysis techniques must be developed. Here we develop an end to end Bayesian analysis technique for detecting a stochastic background with a gigameter Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) operating with both 6and 4-links. Our technique requires a detailed understanding of the instrument noise and astrophysical foregrounds. In the millihertz frequency band, the predominate foreground signal will be unresolved white dwarf binaries in the galaxy. We consider how the information from multiple detections can be used to constrain astrophysical population models, and present a method for constraining population models using a Hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach which simultaneously infers the source parameters and population model and provides the joint probability distributions for both. We find that a mission that is able to resolve ∼ 5000 of the shortest period binaries will be able to constrain the population model parameters, including the chirp mass distribution and a characteristic galaxy disk radius to within a few percent. This compares favorably to existing bounds, where electromagnetic observations of stars in the galaxy constrain disk radii to within 20%. Having constrained the galaxy shape parameters, we obtain posterior distribution functions for the instrument noise parameters, the galaxy level and modulation parameters, and the stochastic background energy density. We find that we are able to detect a scale-invariant stochastic background with energy density as low as Ωgw = 2× 10−13 for a 6-link interferometer and Ωgw = 5× 10−13 for a 4-link interferometer with one year of data.
Déterminants de la vitesse d'ajustement des taux d'intérêt débiteurs des banques commerciales au BURKINA FASO

Objectif : cet article analyse les principaux déterminants de la vitesse d’ajustement des taux d’intérêt débiteurs des banques commerciales au Burkina Faso. Méthodologie : une méthode économétrique basée sur la technique de cointégration et l’estimation d’un modèle « Autoregressive Distributed Lag» (ARDL) à correction d’erreur a été adoptée. L’échantillon comprend 73 observations (de septembre 2010 à septembre 2016). Résultats : Les résultats montrent que d’une part, la vitesse d’ajustement des taux débiteurs (32,63%) est lente au Burkina et d’autre part, le taux d’injection de liquidité par appel d’offre et l’inflation sont les principaux déterminants de cette vitesse d’ajustement des taux débiteurs alors qu’à court terme ce sont les coûts d’exploitation et la volatilité des taux. Originalité / pertinence : L’intérêt de cette recherche réside dans le fait qu’une bonne compréhension des mécanismes de transmission des taux d’intérêt implique une plus grande efficacité de la politique monétaire au secteur réel. De plus, le cas spécifique du Burkina Faso est étudié avec une méthodologie économétrique mieux adaptée. Ce qui a permis de recommander la création d’un environnement règlementaire propice, capable de stimuler les taux débiteurs des banques commerciales à la baisse afin de faciliter l’accès aux crédits.
New algorithm for the calculation of the Fourier transform of discrete signals

A new algorithm for the calculation of the Fourier transform of sampled time functions is described. The algorithm is especially applicable to the Fourier analysis of nonperiodic signals which are not band limited. The method is based on second‐degree polynomial interpolations between the sample points. The obtained continuous approximation of the signal allows the determination of the Fourier transform analytically. In the case of exponentially decaying functions the algorithm was found to be significantly more accurate than the conventionally used discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The computing time is only about twice the time required by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm.