Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourist Destination Development: The Åre Valley

This historical study explains how the Åre Valley in Sweden started as a health-oriented destination with local residents providing accommodation and services for visitors from the aristocracy. The article points to the importance of the arrival of the railway and the influx of external forces for establishing accommodation and catering facilities. A significant feature of the development of the destination was the conflict between actors in their efforts to gain control of the inner infrastructure and booking systems. The market has undergone a substantial shift from being focused on the aristocracy to becoming accessible to the whole of society. The part played by the state has steadily increased since the 1930s when the political will was to support working-class tourism. There was a period of tourism for all, with implications for local residents to the more business-oriented role of tourism today.
Gendered work–family conflict in Germany: do self-employment and flexibility matter?

Applying a demands–resource approach, the present empirical study among 1395 individuals researches how flexibility and self-employment affect work–family conflict in Germany. Specifically, gender differences regarding work interference with the family and family interference with work are examined on a strain-based and time-based level. The multivariate results reveal a differentiated but surprisingly non gendered picture of the effect of self-employment and job flexibility regarding work–family conflict. Due to greater flexibility, self-employed people perceive a slightly lower time-based work-to-family conflict while their strain-based work-to-family conflict is higher than among employees. Regarding family-to-work conflict, self-employment leads to a higher level of time-based conflict, possibly because of higher expectations regarding availability. Thus, self-employment can be seen as a demand or a resource depending on the type of conflict. This study therefore contributes to a more refined understanding of the role of flexibility and self-employment in the light of literature on demands and resources.
A Load-Balance Clustering Mechanism Based on Location-Control for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSAN) are commonly used to monitor physical parameters and execute opportune actions in response to specific events. In order to achieve this goal it is necessary to implement efficient coordination and cooperation among the network nodes (i.e. sensors and actors) with the aim of reducing the energy consumption and improving the response time of the system. This work propose a clustering mechanism that organizes the sensor nodes to form clusters where the mobile actors nodes in the WSAN perform the cluster head role. The proposal considers the mobility aspect of the actor nodes and implements a mechanism to dynamically change the geographical location of the actors while trying to reduce the load in terms of the number of sensors within each cluster, all this with the aim of extending the network lifetime.
Environmental regulation of tourism: impact on business innovation

Tourism and environmental issues are particularly critical in small islands. This article compares environmental constraints and regulations in three islands: Bornholm (Denmark), the Isle of Wight (UK) and Mallorca (Spain). On Bornholm, the environment is mainly regulated through planning and statutory instruments, although such measures as green taxes are increasingly being introduced. Although problems related to the supply of fresh water have made public action necessary in Mallorca, the tourist industry and the tour operators are also major agents. Tourism has decreased in the Isle of Wight over the last decade, and the general awareness of environmental issues is low, coinciding with deregulation and privatisation efforts. The three case studies show that environmental problems can be solved by means of different regulatory philosophies. The article also emphasises that regulatory modes are media of change. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Analysis of British Postgraduate Courses in Tourism: What Role does Sustainability Play within Higher Education?

Sustainability has offered a new dimension to policy making, managing and planning in tourism. Government bodies, councils and tourist boards are engaged in the discussion evolving around tourism and sustainability. Yet little research has been conducted to investigate whether the sustainability debate has also altered the dimensions in training postgraduate students. This research sheds light upon the supply structure of postgraduate tourism education in the UK. Using course and unit titles as signifiers, 81 courses and 504 unit titles were scanned for sustainable elements, and are discussed in the context of the various providing schools and faculties. Unit titles are categorised according to their core and optional character. A first comprehensive nation-wide inventory of postgraduate courses in tourism has been generated, which identifies and critically discusses sustainable elements across the range of courses and units on offer.
The type III effector repertoire of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a and its role in survival and disease on host and non‐host plants

The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae injects a large repertoire of effector proteins into plant cells using a type III secretion apparatus. Effectors can trigger or suppress defences in a host‐dependent fashion. Host defences are often accompanied by programmed cell death, while interference with defences is sometimes associated with cell death suppression. We previously predicted the effector repertoire of the sequenced bean pathogen P. syringae pv. syringae (Psy) B728a using bioinformatics. Here we show that PsyB728a is also pathogenic on the model plant species Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco). We confirm our effector predictions and clone the nearly complete PsyB728a effector repertoire. We find effectors to have different cell death‐modulating activities and distinct roles during the infection of the susceptible bean and tobacco hosts. Unexpectedly, we do not find a strict correlation between cell death‐eliciting and defence‐eliciting activity and between cell death‐suppressing activity and defence‐interfering activity. Furthermore, we find several effectors with quantitative avirulence activities on their susceptible hosts, but with growth‐promoting effects on Arabidopsis thaliana, a species on which PsyB728a does not cause disease. We conclude that P. syringae strains may have evolved large effector repertoires to extend their host ranges or increase their survival on various unrelated plant species.
Trade Structure during Accession to the EU

This article discusses the degree of trade restructuring between the EU and the new member states during the accession process. Intra-industry trade is selected as a composite indicator of trade structure. Factor endowments, market size and distance are the most important determinants of intra-industry trade. The estimations for the OECD countries are used to compute predictions for EU15 trade with the CEE countries. In general, this approach predicts well the EU15 trade structure with CEE, which proves significant restructuring in the new member states. High shares of intra-industry trade imply lower welfare losses and less resistance to further deepening of integration in the participating countries.
Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway by a grape seed and grape marc meal extract in intestinal epithelial cells.

In pigs and other monogastric animal, the weaning phase is commonly accompanied by an increased susceptibility to gut disorders such as diarrhoea owing to the induction of an inflammatory process in the intestine during weaning. Given the unfavourable effects of intestinal inflammation on feed consumption, digestive capacity of the intestine and growth of animals, controlling intestinal inflammation is a reasonable approach for the maintenance of performance characteristics of livestock animals. Therefore, this study aimed to study the anti-inflammatory potential of a commercial polyphenol-rich grape seed (GS) and grape marc (GM) meal-based feed additive in a well-established in vitro intestinal epithelium model (polarized Caco-2 cells). The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by studying the effect of an ethanolic extract obtained from the GS and GM meal-based feed additive (GSGME) on the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, which is considered to play a key role in the induction of weaning-associated intestinal inflammation. The highest non-cytotoxic concentrations of the ethanolic GSGME dose dependently reduced TNFα-induced NF-κB transactivation and decreased TNFα-induced mRNA levels of the NF-κB target genes IL-1β, IL-8, MCP-1 and CXCL1 in Caco-2 intestinal cells (p < 0.05). No effect of the ethanolic GSGME was observed on the cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway in Caco-2 cells as evidenced by an unaltered Nrf2 transactivation and unchanged mRNA levels of Nrf2 target genes, such as GPX-2, NQO1, CYP1A1 and UGT1A1. In conclusion, this study shows that an ethanolic GSGME exerts anti-inflammatory effects in intestinal cells under in vitro conditions. Thus, polyphenol-rich GSGM meal-based feed additives may be useful for the inhibition or prevention of inflammatory processes in the intestine of livestock animals, in particular during states with inappropriate NF-κB activation in the intestinal tissue, such as the weaning phase. Future studies are warranted to prove the in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of GSGM meal-based feed additives.
Leadership: What It Is, What It Is Not

President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s definition of leadership revealed that the art of the leader is getting others to follow the rules clearly defined and satisfy the conditions of the task. It is the employee’s duty to embrace the mission of the organization and achieve it. (Mielach, 2012). These two experts focused on the selforiented intent of leadership. These views are based on the pattern ‘to get” from others. If the intent of a leader is self-oriented then he shows the power to take from others. People under this type of leadership, have to act like slaves and must be obedient to follow orders and gradually move in their career without any recognition.
Detection of faults in electrical panels using deep learning method

In the image analysis, a big trend within the field of artificial intelligence is using the Deep Learning method, which is an upgrade of the existing neural network adaptive architecture (ANN). Deep Learning is a major new field in machine learning that encompasses a wide range of neural network architectures designed to perform various tasks. In the thermography energy sector, examples that are processed on a daily basis are sampling of active energy components, focus segmentation, and fault classification. The most popular network architecture for Deep Learning in image analysis is the convolution neural network (CNN), where traditional machine learning methods require determination and calculation, from which the algorithm training comes. Deep Learning approach captures important features as well as the appropriate weight of these attributes to make decision for new data. This paper describes a method and tool that are available to build and conduct an effective analysis of the Deep Learning Methodfor electrical components.
&bgr;-Catenin Immunohistochemistry Separates Mesenteric Fibromatosis From Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Sclerosing Mesenteritis

Although separating gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) from mesenteric fibromatosis and sclerosing mesenteritis is clinically important, this distinction sometimes poses problems for practicing pathologists. In the STI571 (Gleevec, Imatinib) era, the problem may be further compounded when protocol-driven staining for CD117 (c-kit) is performed on spindle cell proliferations presenting in the bowel wall and mesentery using an antibody known to react with the majority of mesenteric fibromatoses when other antibodies are more specific. Because most mesenteric fibromatoses have mutations in the APC/&bgr;-catenin pathway and hence have abnormal nuclear accumulation of &bgr;-catenin protein, we studied &bgr;-catenin expression among a panel of other immunohistochemical stains to distinguish mesenteric fibromatosis, GIST, and sclerosing mesenteritis. Examples of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST, 11), sclerosing mesenteritis (5), and mesenteric fibromatosis (10) were retrieved from the archives of our institutions. Cases were studied with an immunohistochemical panel consisting of CD117, &bgr;-catenin, CD34, smooth muscle actin, desmin, keratin, and S-100 protein. Cases were scored as “negative,” “focally positive,” or “diffusely positive. ” In evaluating &bgr;-catenin, nuclear accumulation was required. GIST all had CD117 (11 of 11, diffuse) and CD34 (11 of 11, diffuse) with variable actin (5 of 11, focal) and negative desmin, keratin, S-100 protein. All GIST lacked &bgr;-catenin (0 of 11). Mesenteric fibromatosis had CD117 (6 of 10, 3 focal, 3 diffuse), typically expressed more weakly than in GIST, actin (5 of 9, focal), and desmin (3 of 8, focal) in keeping with myofibroblastic differentiation but lacked CD34, S-100, and keratin. CD117 staining was not eliminated by use of a non-avidin-biotin technique. Nuclear &bgr;-catenin was detected in 9 of 10 fibromatoses, including one case associated with familial adenomatous polyposis. Two of five sclerosing mesenteritis cases focally expressed CD117. None of the sclerosing mesenteritis cases had nuclear &bgr;-catenin. Sclerosing mesenteritis cases were otherwise fibroblastic and myofibroblastic with focal actin in 5 of 5 and negative desmin, keratin, and S-100 protein but one had CD34 (1 of 5, focal). With increasing protocol-driven interest in evaluating bowel wall and mesenteric spindle cell lesions using CD117 (c-kit) antibodies, it is important for practicing pathologists to be aware that lesions other than GISTs are likely to express this antigen using certain antibodies. &bgr;-Catenin staining identifies lesions that are, instead, mesenteric fibromatoses.
Tribunal Reform: Proportionate Dispute Resolution and the Pursuit of Administrative Justice

The article considers some unresolved policy choices associated with the implementation of proportionate dispute resolution, one of the most interesting ideas in the Department of Constitutional Affairs' White Paper Transforming Public Services: Complaints, Redress and Tribunals, published in 2004. It attempts to put the White Paper into context by tracing the Government's concern with tribunal reform over the last 50 years. It briefly compares the Franks Report, published in 1957, with the Leggatt Report, published in 2001, and outlines the steps that led to the publication, three years later, of the White Paper. It then analyses the similarities and differences in the approaches to reform taken by the Leggatt Report and the White Paper. The article focuses on the principle of 'proportionate dispute resolution', the idea that the ways in which cases are dealt with should reflect the nature of the dispute and what the person in dispute with a public body wishes to achieve. Seven policy options are considered, all of which hold out the prospect of enhancing administrative justice, either by reducing the incidence of disputes or by handling them more effectively. They are then assessed in terms of how well they are likely to do so.
Releasable Kinetic Energy-Based Inertial Control of a DFIG Wind Power Plant

Wind turbine generators (WTGs) in a wind power plant (WPP) contain different levels of releasable kinetic energy (KE) because of the wake effects. This paper proposes a releasable KE-based inertial control scheme for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) WPP that differentiates the contributions of the WTGs depending on their stored KE. The proposed KE-based gain scheme aims to make use of the releasable KE in a WPP to raise the frequency nadir. To achieve this, two additional loops for the inertial control are implemented in each DFIG controller: the rate of change of frequency and droop loops. The proposed scheme adjusts the two loop gains in a DFIG controller depending on its rotor speed so that a DFIG operating at a higher rotor speed releases more KE. The performance of the proposed scheme was investigated under various wind conditions. The results clearly indicate that the proposed scheme successfully improves the frequency nadir more than the conventional same gain scheme by releasing more KE stored in a WPP, and it helps all WTGs to ensure stable operation during inertial control by avoiding the rotor speed reaching the minimum speed limit.
Hapten‐induced colitis associated with maintained Th1 and inflammatory responses in IFN‐γ receptor‐deficient mice

IFN‐γ is a potent pro‐inflammatory cytokine thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. To further define the role of IFN‐γ in intestinal inflammation, we studied the effects of intra‐colonic 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) instillation in mice with a functionally inactivated IFN‐γ receptor 1 (IFN‐γR1– / –). Our results indicate that IFN‐γ is not necessary for the induction of hapten‐induced colitis: after TNBS administration both wild‐type and IFN‐γR1– / – mice lost body weight, and the histological features of TNBS‐induced colitis were comparable. Colons of IFN‐γR1– / – mice contained a greater number of cells, represented by macrophages and CD4+ T cells; caudal lymph node cells produced more IFN‐γ and TNF‐α upon stimulation in vitro. Moreover, IL‐18 and IL‐12 p40 RNA levels were comparably up‐regulated after TNBS treatment in IFN‐γR1– / – wild‐type mice. These findings demonstrate that IFN‐γ is dispensable for the development of TNBS‐induced colitis. Importantly, the production of Th1 cytokines (e. g. IFN‐γ and TNF‐α) by caudal lymph node T lymphocytes was enhanced rather than decreased in IFNγR1– / – mice with no evidence for default Th2 development.
Developing world class construction companies in Singapore

The construction industry in Singapore is under pressure to improve its performance and the quality of its products and services. The Government is looking to see Singapore develop into a knowledge-based economy, and construction cannot be left behind. A recently published report about re-inventing construction has called on the industry to become a world-class industry. This study examines the attitudes and views of contractors, operating in Singapore, on how and where developments should be focused to bring about such a transformation. The results show that local contractors are not overly enthusiastic about becoming worldclass. The study found also that contractors expect the development to be Government led, with policies and incentives to support such an effort. At the same time there is a feeling that current Government policies are not effective in enabling the industry to become world-class.
A Survey on Group Data Sharing over Cloud in Multi-owner Environment using Key Aggregation and Trapdoor

Cloud is being used by different type of users to fulfil their storage needs and sharing requirements. Public cloud storage provides virtually unlimited capacity to its users for sharing encrypted data. The main challenge is to design the encryption scheme which is efficient in management of encryption keys. Numbers of keys are required in the sharing of group data scenario as well as it needs to distribute those keys in secure manner to the user and user has to store them securely again. Also user needs to create equally large number of trapdoors with keywords to access data. This project gives solution on this problem by providing a concrete scheme of key aggregate searchable encryption. In this, data owner needs to distribute a single key for sharing large number of documents and user required to submit a single trapdoor to the cloud for downloading multiple documents over the cloud. It also provides a solution for a situation where user searches for the documents shared by multiple owners and user needs to generate multiple trapdoors. In the proposed system, user needs to generate a single trapdoor for searching the files shared by multiple data owners.
Toxicokinetic Model Development for the Insensitive Munitions Component 2,4-Dinitroanisole

The Armed Forces are developing new explosives that are less susceptible to unintentional detonation (insensitive munitions [IMX]). 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is a component of IMX. Toxicokinetic data for DNAN are required to support interpretation of toxicology studies and refinement of dose estimates for human risk assessment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage (5, 20, or 80 mg DNAN/kg), and blood and tissue samples were analyzed to determine the levels of DNAN and its metabolite 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). These data and data from the literature were used to develop preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The model simulations indicated saturable metabolism of DNAN in rats at higher tested doses. The PBPK model was extrapolated to estimate the toxicokinetics of DNAN and DNP in humans, allowing the estimation of human-equivalent no-effect levels of DNAN exposure from no-observed adverse effect levels determined in laboratory animals, which may guide the selection of exposure limits for DNAN.
Estimation in the Constant Elasticity of Variance Model

ABSTRACT The constant elasticity of variance (CEV) diffusion process can be used to model heteroscedasticity in returns of common stocks. In this diffusion process, the volatility is a function of the stock price and involves two parameters. Similar to the Black-Scholes analysis, the equilibrium price of a call option can be obtained for the CEV model. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new estimation procedure for the CEV model. A merit of our method is that no constraints are imposed on the elasticity parameter of the model. In addition, frequent adjustments of the parameter estimates are not required. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed method is suitable for practical use. As an illustration, real examples on the Hong Kong stock option market are carried out. Various aspects of the method are also discussed.
Further Analysis of Efficient Portfolios with the USER Data

In this study, we show that earnings forecasting and price momentum strategies complement fundamental stock selection strategies such that a composite model can be effectively implemented using both enhanced index-tracking portfolios and traditional mean–variance portfolios. The mean–variance optimization model produces statistically significant asset selection portfolios that dominate less-aggressive enhanced index-tracking portfolio construction models. We show that portfolios that use tracking error in risk optimization techniques produce a superior risk–return trade-off than traditional mean–variance optimization techniques. A portfolio manager should use a data mining corrections test to minimize the probability that the models selected resulted from a near-random process.
An empirical comparison of flexible demand system functional forms

This paper compares the performance of eight frequently used flexible forms that are either (1) locally flexible, (2) 'effectively globally regular', or (3) asymptotically globally flexible. Results show that the functions with global properties generally perform better, particularly those models having asymptotic properties. Results, using US consumption data, indicate substitutability among the components of consumption at most data points. There is also some interesting substitution volatility around the time of recessions in the USA. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.