Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of (4Z)-4-{[(2-chlorophenyl)amino](furan-2-yl)methylidene}-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-one

In the title compound, C21H16ClN3O2, the pyrazolone ring and the O=C—C=C—N mean plane [maximum deviation = 0.022 (2) Å] are nearly coplanar, making a dihedral angle 4.56 (8)°, while the phenyl and pyrazole rings subtend a dihedral angle of 19.75 (8)°. The compound is in the enamine–keto form and its structure is stabilized by an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [010]. Between the chains there are π–π interactions [inter-centroid distances = 3.3902 (9) and 3.5956 (11) Å], linking the chains to form sheets parallel to (10-1).
Crystal structure of 5-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbaldehyde

The title compound, C19H21N3O, comprises a central pyrazole ring which is N-connected to an aldehyde group and C-connected twice to substituted benzene rings. The pyrazole ring is twisted on the C—C single bond, and the least-squares plane through this ring forms dihedral angles of 82.44 (5) and 4.52 (5)° with the (dimethylamino)benzene and p-tolyl rings, respectively. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into supramolecular tubes along the b axis.
Crystal structure of (9S,10S)-10-ethoxy-9-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate

In the structure of the title compound, C30H40O6S, the cyclohexene and heterocyclic rings are linked by a double bond. The cyclohexene ring has a half-chair conformation (the methylene group adjacent to the hydroxy substituent lies above the remaining atoms) and the hydroxy and ethoxy groups have equatorial and bisectional dispositions, respectively. The heterocyclic ring has an envelope conformation (with the CMe2 C atom being the flap). The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 53.88 (10)°. A long intramolecular C—H⋯S interaction is noted. In the molecular packing, hydroxy-O—H⋯O(sulfonate) hydrogen bonds lead to a helical chain along [010]. Connections between chains are of the type methyl-C—H⋯O(sulfonate) and lead to supramolecular layers that lie parallel to (001). The studied crystal was an inversion twin.
Toward a Green Economy: The Role of Central Bank's Asset Purchases

We use a DSGE model to study the effectiveness of greenasset purchases by the central bank (Green QE), along the transition to a carbon-free economy driven by an emission tax. In our baseline calibration, where green and brown goods are imperfect substitutes, Green QE helps to further reduce emissions, but the quantitative impact on pollution is small; the effects become slightly larger if the purchases are carried out in the early stage of the transition. The elasticity of substitution between green and brown goods is a crucial parameter: if the goods are imperfect complements, Green QE raises emissions.
BMC Family Practice

Background: After some years of a downward trend, antibiotic prescribing rates in the community have tended to level out in many countries. There is also wide variation in antibiotic prescribing between general practices, and between countries. There are still considerable further gains that could be made in reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, but complex interventions are required. Studies to date have generally evaluated the effect of interventions on antibiotic prescribing in a single consultation and pragmatic evaluations that assess maintenance of new skills are rare. This paper describes the protocol for a pragmatic, randomized evaluation of a complex intervention aimed at reducing antibiotic prescribing by primary care clinicians. Methods and design: We developed a Social Learning Theory based, blended learning program (on-line learning, a practice based seminar, and context bound learning) called the STAR Educational Program. The 'why of change' is addressed by providing clinicians in general practice with information on antibiotic resistance in urine samples submitted by their practice and their antibiotic prescribing data, and facilitating a practice-based seminar on the implications of this data. The 'how of change' is addressed through context-bound communication skills training and information on antibiotic indication and choice. This intervention will be evaluated in a trial involving 60 general practices, with general practice as the unit of randomization (clinicians from each practice to either receive the STAR Educational Program or not) and analysis. The primary outcome will be the number of antibiotic items dispensed over one year. An economic and process evaluation will also be conducted. Discussion: This trial will be the first to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of theory-based, blended learning intervention aimed at reducing antibiotic prescribing by primary care clinicians. Novel aspects include feedback of practice level data on antimicrobial resistance and prescribing, use of principles from motivational interviewing, training in enhanced communication skills that incorporates context-bound experience and reflection, and using antibiotic dispensing over one year (as opposed to antibiotic prescribing in a single consultation) as the main outcome.
Crustal thickness and the average depth and degree of melting in fractional melting models of passive flow beneath mid‐ocean ridges

In simple models of passive flow beneath mid-ocean ridges, fractional melting of the upwelling mantle produces unexpected relationships amongst crustal thickness, degree of partial melting, and the average depth of melting. If the degree of melting is estimated on the basis of basalt composition, then the average degree of melting is one-third the maximum degree of melting, and the average depth of melting is about two-thirds the maximum depth in the simplest models. The crustal thickness is about 1.5 times the product of the average fraction of melting and the height of the melting column. If the average degree of melting represented in mid-ocean ridge basalts were 10% and melt production continued to the base of the crust, then only a 40-km-high residual melting column would be required to produce a 6-km-thick crust. In more realistic models, melting beginning at 60 km below the base of the crust and continuing to the top of the mantle would produce a 6-km-thick crust with average degree of melting of 6.67% or melting beginning at 67 km and ending at 30 km below the base of the crust would produce a 6-km-thick crust with an average degree of melting of only about 5.4%. Models of composition produced by fractional melting must consider the rate of melt production and the degree of melting throughout the melting region at the points where the melt is actually produced.
Impact of Text Complexity Effects across Student Reading Skills

IMPACT OF TEXT COMPLEXITY EFFECTS ACROSS STUDENT READING SKILLS Esther H. Yi, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Northern Illinois University, 2023 Kara M. Styck, Director A reader’s ability to go beyond their surface-level understanding of words and to build a deeper representation of the text in their mind (i.e., reading comprehension) is predicated on a range of readerand text-level variables that indicate how well a certain reader can read a certain text. The following study evaluates the extent to which the interaction between the reader characteristics of 50 first graders (e.g., decoding and oral reading fluency skill and demographic characteristics) and the textual characteristics of commonly administered, first-grade oral reading fluency passages (e.g., text complexity) may impact the participants’ reading comprehension of the oral reading fluency passages. It was hypothesized that accounting for superfluous variation in text complexity of oral reading fluency passages (i.e., text complexity effects) would recalibrate participants’ oral reading fluency scores, allowing for more valid interpretations of student reading skill. Results were mixed and indicated limitations with the study’s comprehension recall measure. Conclusions underlined the importance of including basic reading measures such as decodable and sight word fluency, particularly for students with low oral reading fluency skills. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS
Extracting Variable Deﬁnitions from Documents on Chemical Processes Utilizing Semantic Information on Variables

Mathematical formulas are essential tools for conveying mathematical concepts. Deﬁnitions of symbols in mathematical formulas often vary among diﬀerent documents; thus, knowing the deﬁnitions is fundamental to grasping the semantics of the formulas. This research targets how to extract deﬁnitions of symbols representing variables from documents on chemical processes. We deﬁned three features focusing on the unique usage of variable symbols and deﬁnitions in these documents and proposed a new variable deﬁnition extraction method. We compared the performance of the proposed method with that of a representative conventional method using 45 papers on ﬁve chemical processes. The proposed method achieved higher accuracy than the conventional one for four processes. We also demonstrated that our newly deﬁned features contributed to the performance improvement and that the proposed method can achieve high accuracy with a small number of training datasets.
Platypus – A Multilingual Question Answering Platform for Wikidata

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Platypus – A Multilingual Question Answering Platform for Wikidata Thomas Tanon, Marcos Dias de Assuncao, Eddy Caron, Fabian Suchanek
The Slick Hills of Oklahoma and Their Regional Setting: Abstract

Abstract The Slick Hills of southwestern Oklahoma are the exposed portion of the Frontal fault zone, a region of intense Pennsylvanian-age deformation that is located between the contemporary Wichita uplift (to the south) and the Anadarko basin. During the Lower Palaeozoic the area formed part of the N6OW trending Southern Oklahoma aulacogen. A thick and structurally anisotropic sequence of thinly bedded rocks (mostly carbonates) was deposited on a thick suite of Cambrian igneous rocks, some of which are thickly layered. Subsequent Pennsylvanian deformation dismembered the aulacogen. Geomorphology of the Hills is essentially of Permian age. Lower Paleozoic sedimentation took place on a passive margin in a tropical setting south of the equator, carbonates facies dominate some late Cambrian siliciclastic increments may record tectonic adjustments; most are probably associated with global sea level variation. The structural styles developed during Pennsylvanian deformation reflect variation in isotropy between igneous basement (both within and without the aulacogen) and sedimentary cover. In essence the cover incrementally detached itself along numerous horizons of slippage recording progressive phases of deformation, while strain in more massive basement rocks was resolved by large faults. Various deformation signatures suggest a principal stress oriented approximately NE-SW. This direction is difficult to reconcile with more or less contemporary orogenic deformation in the Oklahoma Ouachitas, but may reflect a reorientation of stress as the result of the final incorporation of the Laurentia plate within Pangaea.
Large-amplitude elongated-body theory of fish locomotion

The elongated-body theory of the reactive forces on a fish moving in water (that is, forces resulting from the inertia of associated water movements) is extended so that a prediction of instantaneous reactive force between fish and water is obtained for fish motions of arbitrary amplitude, regular or irregular (§2). A preliminary application of the theory to the balance of reactive thrust and resistive drag in regular carangiform swimming of fishes with slender caudal fins is made (§3). Comparison with data (Bainbridge 1963) on the dace Leuciscus suggests that an important feature of this balance may be a substantial enhancement of drag for such fishes when swimming movements commence, an enhancement here interpreted in terms of a boundary-layer-thinning mechanism first suggested by Dr Quentin Bone.
Discharge of debris by Glaciar Hatunraju, Cordillera Blanca, Peru

I have news about work at Laguna Paron from Ing 0 Cesar Portocarrero, who has replaced Dr Benjamin Morales, and from Alcides Ames, who stayed for 6 months in Grenoble with Dr Louis Reynaud. The debouchment of the tunnel into this lake was completed at the end of 1983 by large-diameter boring instead of blasting as initially planned (Liiboutry and others, 1977, p. 252). Prior to undertaking the engineering work, six corings were made under the direction of Ing 0 Andres Huaman, which now allow further interpretation and discussion of the information given by Lliboutry (1977). The floor of the valley, where it dams the lake, was found to consist of strata of fine material, gravel, and "blocks" (cobbles or boulders). There is no correlation between the sequences in the different bore holes, 50 m apart from each other. One coring, 75 m deep, was done on Glaciar Hatunraju, at 4300 m a.s . l. , where I had calculated that the glacier should reach its lowest altitude. Here, under 62 m of ice, there are 4 m of fine material, beneath which are 3 m of "blocks", and 6 m of gravel. This substantiates the statement that the huge moraine creeps without any interstitial ice.
Mantle exhumation along the Tirich Mir Fault Zone, NW Pakistan: pre-mid-Cretaceous accretion of the Karakoram terrane to the Asian margin

Abstract The left-lateral strike-slip Tirich Mir Fault, Chitral, NW Pakistan, is associated with a belt of periodotites, metagabbros and gneisses named the Tirich Boundary Zone (TBZ), separating the Late Palaeozoic-Mesozoic units of the East Hindu Kush from the Palaeozoic successions of the Karakoram block. These rocks were metamorphosed up to upper amphibolite facies conditions, followed by a greenschist facies overprinting, and then thrust on to very low grade metasediments; they were finally intruded at shallow levels by the mid-Cretaceous Tirich Mir pluton. Ultramafic rocks along the fault zone include well-preserved spinel lherzolites and harzburgites (Tirich Gol, Barum valley, Arkari Gol), whereas schistose serpentinites occur in the Rich Gol. Whole-rock analyses and mineral chemistry of olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and spinel from these peridotites show a depleted signature. Microstructural and petrological features suggest a mantle origin for these ultramafic bodies, which equilibrated at temperatures ranging from 1000–1100°C. Periodotites are faulted against partially metamorphosed igneous bodies including hornblende-gabbros, hornblende cumulates and quartz-diorites. Metamorphic rocks of the TBZ, which lay south of the ultramafic-mafic complex, include quartzites, amphibolites, garnet-sillimanite (± kyanite ± K-feldspar)-biotite gneisses and mica schists, locally displaying migmatitic textures. A sub-continental character of the peridotites indicated by low temperatures of equilibration and by the presence of a deep crustal sequence. These characters along with the absence of an ophiolitic sequence may suggest that the TBZ represents a fragmented crust-mantle boundary developed along a zone of attenuated continental crust. The TBZ is interpreted as a sheared lithospheric section of a Jurassic-Early Cretaceous orogenic complex, formed as a consequence of the accretion of the Karakoram terrane to the southern side of the Pamir belts, which were progressively accreted to the Asian margin.
Future Australian Severe Thunderstorm Environments. Part II: The Influence of a Strongly Warming Climate on Convective Environments

AbstractThe influence of a warming climate on the occurrence of severe thunderstorm environments in Australia was explored using two global climate models: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Mark, version 3.6 (CSIRO Mk3.6), and the Cubic-Conformal Atmospheric Model (CCAM). These models have previously been evaluated and found to be capable of reproducing a useful climatology for the twentieth-century period (1980–2000). Analyzing the changes between the historical period and high warming climate scenarios for the period 2079–99 has allowed estimation of the potential convective future for the continent. Based on these simulations, significant increases to the frequency of severe thunderstorm environments will likely occur for northern and eastern Australia in a warmed climate. This change is a response to increasing convective available potential energy from higher continental moisture, particularly in proximity to warm sea surface temperatures. Despite decreases to the frequency.
Quantitative Easing under Incomplete Markets: Optimality Conditions for Stationary Policy

In a stochastic economy, the rebalancing of short and long term government debt positions can have real e¤ects when markets are incomplete. Monetary policy aims to harnass these real e¤ects to maximize social welfare. The policy rules can either be stationary, in which the current policy choice vector only depends on the current shock realization, or nonstationary, in which the policy choice vector is recursively updated. This paper characterizes the conditions under which a stationary policy rule is optimal.
Limitations of laser diffraction for measuring fine particles in oligotrophic systems: Pitfalls and potential solutions

Sampling of suspended particulates in oligotrophic environments is inherently difficult because of low ambient concentrations. The performance of a Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) series particle size analyzer is evaluated for use in such low‐concentration environments. Five issues are studied for their effect on recorded particle size distributions: the instrument limits of detection, the kernel matrix used in the inversion of the scattered light distribution, the effect of particles sized outside the instrument inversion limits (1.25 μm–250 μm), the effect of ambient light conditions, and the effect of sampling in density stratified conditions. We evaluate a LISST‐100X type B instrument using a series of small‐scale lab experiments and concentrate mainly on fine particles (<20 μm). Kernel matrix processing effects are shown to have large impacts on fine particle measurements, but accurate results can be obtained with the correct matrix choice. Concentration detection limits may be sufficient for the clearest fresh water environments but may be too high for accurate sampling in the oligotrophic open ocean. Large out of range particles (>250 μm) show little effects on the size distribution, but small particles (<1.25 μm) have large impacts. High ambient light conditions, typical in clear oligotrophic systems, create erroneously high concentrations of fine particles, and profiling in density stratified conditions is found to create incorrectly low concentrations. We present recommendations for the next generation of in situ laser diffractometers and advise consideration of the issues covered here before using current instruments in oligotrophic environments.
Cellular and Molecular Biology

: This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and fetal results in women undergoing antihypertensive therapy (low aspirin or labetalol) with mild to severe chronic hypertension relative to women without medicines. This randomized multi-center clinical trial was performed with random division into three groups of 393 pregnant women with mild to moderate chronic hypertension. From the beginning of the pregnancy to the end of the puerperium, the low dosage aspirin group (n = 129), the labetalol group (n = 127), and the drug-free or control group (n = 126) reported both mother and child results . Major variations in the presence of severely motherly hypertension, pre-eclampsia, renal failure, ECG shifts, and cardiovascular rupture between treatment groups (low doses of aspirin and labetalol) and control groups were noted. Repeated placenta and blood pressure control hospitalizations. (P<0.001) in the control group more often (untreated). The new babies were more vulnerable to gestational age (SGA), neonatal hypotension, neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, and ICU (p <0.001 in contrast with the low-dose aspirin and control groups). In the control group, the proportion of premature babies was considerably higher than in the treatment group (p<0,05). A mild to moderate persistent high blood pressure during pregnancy therapy helps minimize mother and child occurrence. The use of labetalol is correlated with a higher incidence of SGA, neonatal hypotension, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia relative to low-dose aspirin or control group.
Eastern Patagonia Seasonal Precipitation: Influence of Southern Hemisphere Circulation and Links with Subtropical South American Precipitation

AbstractSome aspects of the seasonal precipitation over eastern Patagonia, the southernmost area of South America east of the Andes Cordillera, are examined in this paper. Results indicate that the central-north areas, the southern continental region, and the southernmost islands are three independent regions of seasonal precipitation, and that each of them is associated with specific patterns of atmospheric circulation. Precipitation over the central-north region is significantly related to the precipitation over a wide area of southern South America east of the Andes during the four seasons. Enhanced (reduced) precipitation over this area is associated with weakened (intensified) westerly flow in the region. Precipitation over the southern continental area has a close connection with the dipolar pattern of precipitation over subtropical South America during spring, summer, and autumn. The anomalies of atmospheric circulation at low and upper levels associated with the subtropical dipole are also able to.
Geological evaluation of climate General Circulation Models and model implications for Mesozoic cloud cover

General Circulation Models (GCMs) are currently used to predict future global change. However, the robustness of GCMs can, and should, be evaluated by their ability to simulate past climate regimes. Their success in ‘retrodiction’ can then be assessed by reference to the testimony of the geological record. Geological evidence provides a database which can be used in the estimation of sea surface temperatures and other proxy data useful in palaeoclimatic studies. These data can then be used to refine the prescribed boundary conditions for running GCMs themselves. Results of modelling experiments confirm a generally warmer Mesozoic earth with arid tropics and convective rainfall higher over the oceans than at present. Circum‐polar wetlands are also indicated. Modelled cloudiness is also higher in the Mesozoic, contributing to greenhouse conditions and possibly influencing terrestrial biomes and marine ecosystems.
An Alternative Charge Distribution Implementation on The Ewald Summation Method

A re-formulated version of Ewald Summation method is presented in this paper by replacing each point charge with a triangular shape charge distribution instead of the original Gaussian shape charge distribution. With triangular shape charge distribution, we aim to be able to accelerate the computation of the reciprocal sum part of the Ewald Summation for crystal simulations with periodic boundary conditions.