Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adverse events due to discontinuations in drug use and dose changes in patients transferred between acute and long-term care facilities.

BACKGROUND Care transitions are commonplace for ill older adults, but no studies to our knowledge have examined the occurrence of iatrogenic harm from medication changes during patient transfer. OBJECTIVES To identify medication changes during transfer between hospital and nursing home and adverse drug events (ADEs) caused by these changes. METHODS Participants were residents of 4 nursing homes in the New York City metropolitan area admitted to 2 academic hospitals. Nursing home and hospital medical records were reviewed to identify changes in medication regimens between sites. Medications were matched and compared regarding dosage, route, and frequency of administration. Two physician investigators used structured implicit review to identify ADEs attributable to transfer-related medication changes. RESULTS During a total of 122 admissions, the mean numbers of medications altered during transfer from nursing home to hospital and hospital to nursing home were 3.1 and 1.4, respectively (P<.001 for comparison). Most changes in drug use were discontinuations, followed by dose changes and class substitutions. Of 71 bidirectional transfers that were reviewed by 2 physician investigators, ADEs attributable to medication changes occurred during 14 (20%). The overall risk of ADE per drug alteration (n = 320) was 4.4% (95% confidence interval, 2.5%-7.4%). Although most medication changes (8/14) implicated in causing ADEs occurred in the hospital, most ADEs (12/14) occurred in the nursing home after nursing home readmission. CONCLUSIONS Medication changes are common during transfer between hospital and nursing home and are a cause of ADEs. Research is needed on interinstitutional patient care and systems interventions designed to prevent ADEs.
Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in TSLP gene are associated with asthma susceptibility in Chinese Han population

ABSTRACT Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that is mediated by T-helper 2(TH2) cells. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) can aggravate asthmatic lung inflammation by activating dendritic cells (DCs) to promote TH2 differentiation. TSLP promoter polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to bronchial asthma in Japanese population. We sought to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TSLP gene are associated with asthma in Chinese Han population. Objective: To analyze the polymorphism of the two SNPs Rs2289276 and Rs2289278 in TSLP gene and to evaluate the association between the two SNPs and asthma susceptibility in Chinese Han population by using case-control study. Methods: five hundred and thirty one asthmatic patients and 540 age–sex matched normal controls were collected and DNA were extracted from peripheral blood, then the genotypes of SNPs Rs2289276 and Rs2289278 in TSLP gene were detected with polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), genotype and allele frequencies were calculated and analyzed with Chi-square test. Results: Frequencies of CC/CT/TT genotypes at Rs2289276 site were 0.4706/0.4392/0.0902 in the asthmatic patients and 0.5604/0.3800/0.0595 in the healthy controls. Frequencies of CC/CG/GG genotypes at Rs2289278 site were 0.6502/0.2966/0.0532 in the asthmatic patients and 0.5795/0.3428/0.0777 in the healthy controls. The genotype and allele frequencies of the two SNPs in asthma patients were significantly different from those in the healthy controls. Rs2289278 C allele was correlated with decreased FEV1: FVC (P ≤ .05). Conclusions: TSLP variants are significantly associated with bronchial asthma. TSLP might be a new therapeutic target molecule for asthma.
Regional Detrital Zircon Provenance of Exotic Metasandstone Blocks, Eastern Hayfork Terrane, Western Paleozoic and Triassic Belt, Klamath Mountains, California

The addition of oceanic material through accretion-underplating was an important process in construction of the convergent/transpressive Cordilleran margin of North America. According to radiolarian ages, the Late Triassic or younger Eastern Hayfork terrane represents trench deposits that accreted outboard of the coeval North Fork immature island arc. It consists chiefly of chert and argillite but contains tectonic and olistostromal blocks of preexisting rock units derived from exotic sources that include inboard Klamath terranes. Fine-grained terrigenous debris was shed from these eastern terranes, but the Eastern Hayfork mélange also contains blocks of quartzofeldspathic metasandstone of uncertain provenance. New detrital zircon U-Pb ages from five blocks of immature, variably metamorphosed, arkosic to subarkosic sandstone range from Late Proterozoic to Late Archean, with modes of ∼1804–1843, ∼1970, ∼2300, and ∼2550–2585 Ma. The adjacent, inboard North Fork terrane contains zircons with Phanerozoic ages, indicating derivation from eastern Klamath lithotectonic belts; however, no zircon grains with Phanerozoic ages were identified in the investigated Eastern Hayfork metasandstones. Petrographic analysis indicates that sand grains of the Eastern Hayfork blocks were initially derived from a transitional continental province whose textural immaturity precludes long sedimentary-transport distances. Thus, the metasandstone blocks were most likely tectonically incorporated into the oceanic mélange from a local protolith and were not deposited in the trench as sand. Single-grain detrital zircon age spectra for the Eastern Hayfork metasandstone blocks are similar to those for several Cordilleran terranes, precluding clear discrimination among them regarding provenance. Although no currently exposed source is identical to the mélange blocks, the Eastern Hayfork zircons show similarities to Laurentian passive-margin clastics in terms of Paleoproterozoic and Neoarchean ages. The presence of an outlier of the Antelope Mountain Quartzite of the Yreka terrane near the Eastern Hayfork terrane, however, indicates that this was a likely source of the exotic blocks. Evidently, this preexisting unit cropped out along the leading edge of the Cordilleran continental margin during Early Mesozoic mélange formation, but its areal extent has been diminished by subsequent erosion, deposition, and/or deformation.
On spatial and temporal structures in the cusp

We identify a series of magnetic conjunctions and close encounters of polar-orbiting satellites to investigate cusp features including flux variations and sudden energy changes of cusp precipitating ions. The variations and changes are generally interpreted as signatures of variations in the reconnection rate and/or changes in the de Hoffman-Teller velocity at the magnetopause. They are expected to be temporal features which move poleward with convecting field lines. However, our analysis shows that a series of cusp features observed on one satellite are remarkably similar to cusp features observed up to 1.5 hours later by a second satellite. This similarity suggests that these features are spatial structures and not temporal variations in reconnection parameters.
A FRAMEWORK FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING IN MAGS

There is a strong global research effort in coupling atmospheric and hydrological models for improved hydrological flow modelling and improved atmospheric simulation. The land surface is an important hydrological control as it is the primary influence in the surface-water budget, and it is almost always a requirement in the implementation of either hydrological or atmospheric models. Sophisticated soil-vegetation atmospheric transfer schemes also known as landsurface schemes (LSS) are currently being implemented in global climate models, regional climate models and day-to-day operational forecasting numerical weather prediction models. Rarely have these been incorporated into hydrological models. Over the last 10 years, there has been a systematic attempt, through collaborative research in Canada and under a variety of research programs, to couple atmospheric and hydrological models using the LSS as the common link. Our approach has been to combine LSS with hydrological streamflow models to provide stand-alone hydrology-land-surface schemes (H–LSS). These stand-alone models are also incorporated as the LSS in the atmospheric models, creating a fully coupled system. The ability and flexibility of this system permits the analysis of sensitivities of H-LSS to parameterization and physical conceptualizations, and the models impact on hydrological and atmospheric prediction. 119 Prediction in Ungauged Basins: Approaches for Canada’s Cold Regions
Rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by multiplex polymerase chain reaction from clinical specimens.

An essential element in the control of tuberculosis is the rapid, sensitive and specific identification of the causative agent. Until now, screening and diagnosis are largely based on clinical signs, radiological examination, tuberculin tests, sputum examination under the microscope, or culture for mycobacteria. Tuberculin tests lack specificity and only give an indication of previous exposure to mycobacteria. Direct microscopic examination of sputum is neither specific nor sensitive enough, and mycobacterial isolation is time-consuming. As an alternative to these classical methods, new nucleic acid-based technologies show promise as a more rapid, sensitive, and specific means of identification of mycobacteria. Two commercial standardized nucleic acid-based amplification techniques have been reported to yield reliable results within 5 to 7 hrs. Roche Amplicor MTB (Roche Diagnostic System, Somerville, N.J.) and Gen-Probe AMTB (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif.). The amplified target is part of the 16S rRNA gene which is common to all the mycobacteria. An attempt has been made to describe the use of the target DNA, SenX3-RegX3, in a multiplex PCR to detect and differentiate M. tuberculosis from other mycobacteria directly from clinical specimens.
Iatrogenic Pulmonary Nodule in a Heart Transplant Recipient

A 58-year-old female with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and end-stage nonischemic cardiomyopathy from Adriamycin toxicity underwent orthotic heart transplantation during June 2013. She developed shortness of breath in September 2013 and was suspected to have invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. A flexible bronchoscopy (FB) with a transbronchial biopsy (TBBx) was performed. She was found to have a focal lung nodule in the same location at the site of the TBBx on day 13 after the FB. Spontaneous resolution of the nodule was confirmed on the computed tomography (CT) scan of chest performed at 3 months. We believe that this nodule was as a consequence of the TBBx. Formation of a peripheral pulmonary nodule (PPN) following a TBBx is occasionally encountered among the recipients of the lung transplantation. To our knowledge, this is the first case of TBBx producing a pulmonary nodule in a heart transplant recipient. Physicians caring for the patients with heart transplantation should be cognizant of the iatrogenic nature of such nodule to avoid unnecessary diagnostic work-up.
Shallow‐marine ostracode faunas around the Eocene/Oligocene boundary in the northwestern Kyushu, southwestern Japan

Middle Eocene–early Oligocene ostracode faunal changes in northwestern Kyushu of southwestern Japan are identified in this study. Ostracodes occur from shelf deposits of five formations: the middle Eocene Okinoshima, the upper Eocene Funazu, the uppermost Eocene–lowermost Oligocene Kishima, the lowermost Oligocene Itanoura, and the lower Oligocene Waita Formations. The middle Eocene–earliest Oligocene ostracodes were characterized by warm-water genera, indicating tropical, subtropical and Tethyan genera, whereas the late early Oligocene ostracodes do not include warm-water taxa, consisting of temperate realm genera. The middle Eocene–earliest Oligocene ostracodes do not include remarkable changes of species composition, in contract with equatorial Pacific radiolarians and West Coast USA molluscs. Ostracodes suggest that distinct climatic cooling did not occur in the southwestern Japan during the middle Eocene–earliest Oligocene.
Distress Seasonal Migration and its Impact on Children’s Education

There are still many categories of children in India for whom adequate and appropriate strategies are not in place for their effective education. One such substantive category is children of seasonal migrants – a group which has not been on the radar screen of the government or development agencies. Distress seasonal migration is a growing phenomenon in almost all arid parts of India. Drought and lack of work in villages forces entire families to migrate for several months every year in search of work merely to survive. Children accompany their parents, and as a result drop-out rates go up. Migrants comprise the most vulnerable sections of society, and especially those that also belong to Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe groups. There is no official data available on the scale of distress seasonal migration, but estimates put the numbers of migrants between 1 and 3 crore (10 to 30 million). The number of children involved in these migrations may range between 40 and 60 lakhs (4 to 6 million). Migration takes place to a range of industrial and agro-industrial sectors such as brick manufacture, salt making, sugar cane harvesting, stone quarrying, construction, plantations and fishing. This paper identifies major sectors and geographies with a high incidence of seasonal migration, and gives broad estimates of the numbers involved, especially the number of children between 0-14 years. It also outlines the nature and patterns of seasonal migration in different sectors, and how these annual migration cycles overlap with the annual school calendar. The discussion focuses on the difficulties that children face with schooling both in villages and at migration sites, and the conditions under which children drop out of schools, as well as the response or lack of response of local school systems to the education of migrant children in some areas. The paper also outlines the efforts made so far by government and NGOs to address these problems through alternative schooling, and provides recommendations for state and central governments in terms of policy and program interventions.
Hybrid-Type CAM Design for Both Power and Performance Efficiency

Content-addressable memory (CAM) is a hardware table that can compare the search data with all the stored data in parallel. Due to the parallel comparison feature where a large amount of transistors are active on each lookup, however, the power consumption of CAM is usually considerable. This paper presents a hybrid-type CAM design which aims to combine the performance advantage of the NOR-type CAM with the power efficiency of the NAND-type CAM. In our design, a CAM word is divided into two segments, and then all the CAM cells are decoupled from the match line. By minimizing both the match line capacitances and switching activities, our design can largely reduce the power consumption of CAM. The experimental results show that the hybrid-type CAM can reduce the search energy consumption by roughly 89% compared to the traditional NOR-type CAM. Because the hybrid-type CAM provides a fast pull-down path to speed up the lightweight match line discharge, the search performance of our design is even better than that of the traditional NOR-type CAM.
The requirements for protein synthesis and degradation, and the control of destruction of cyclins A and B in the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles of the clam embryo

Fertilization of clam oocytes initiates a series of cell divisions, of which the first three--meiosis I, meiosis II, and the first mitotic division--are highly synchronous. After fertilization, protein synthesis is required for the successful completion of every division except meiosis I. When protein synthesis is inhibited, entry into meiosis I and the maintenance of M phase for the normal duration of meiosis occur normally, but the chromosomes fail to interact correctly with the spindle in meiosis II metaphase. By contrast, inhibition of protein synthesis immediately after completion of meiosis or mitosis stops cells entering the next mitosis. We describe the behavior of cyclins A and B in relation to these "points of no return. " The cyclins are synthesized continuously and are rapidly destroyed shortly before the metaphase-anaphase transition of the mitotic cell cycles, with cyclin A being degraded in advance of cyclin B. Cyclin destruction normally occurs during a 5-min window in mitosis, but in the monopolar mitosis that occurs after parthenogenetic activation of clam oocytes, or when colchicine is added to fertilized eggs about to enter first mitosis, the destruction of cyclin B is strongly delayed, whereas proteolysis of cyclin A is maintained in an activated state for the duration of metaphase arrest. Under either of these abnormal conditions, inhibition of protein synthesis causes a premature return to interphase that correlates with the time when cyclin B disappears.
SEGMENTASI TULANG PADA CITRA CT MENGGUNAKAN ACTIVE CONTOUR

ABSTRAK Tingginya tingkat kecelakaan lalu lintas dan bencana di Indonesia berakibat pada banyaknya korban yang mengalami kerusakan struktur tulang, patah tulang ataupun keretakan pada tulang. Tindakan rehabilitasi medis bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan prostesis atau implan. Selama ini ketergantungan terhadap pihak luar sangat tinggi karena sebagian besar prostesis merupakan produk impor, dan harganya cukup mahal. Akibatnya pasien dari kalangan ekonomi rendah merasa terbebani bahkan tidak bisa mendapatkan layanan tersebut. Selain itu, prostesis ini tidak cocok dari segi ukuran karena pasien Indonesia mempunyai dimensi tulang yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, pembuatan prostesis Indonesia yang dibuat berdasar anatomi dan fisiologi orang Indonesia sangat diperlukan. Untuk mendukung hal tersebut diperlukan data tentang dimensi umum tulang orang Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dimensi tersebut dengan melakukan segmentasi tulang orang indonesia, kususnya tulang yang mengalami kerusakan. Untuk mendapatkan dimensi sebuah tulang diperlukan proses segmentasi tulang dari citra medis. Masukan proses segmentasi ini adalah citra medis yang berasal dari CT (Computed Tomography), karena struktur tulang yang terlihat pada citra CT lebih jelas. Metode segmentasi yang dipilih adalah metode dari kelompok deformable model/active contour yaitu level set, karena metode ini cocok untuk segmentasi objek bentuk bebas (free-form object). Penelitian dilakukan pada citra CT tulang iliac, sebanyak 90 slice. Untuk menguji kinerja dari metode yang diusulkan, hasil segmentasi level set dibandingkan dengan segmentasi manual, dan diperoleh hasil bahwa dengan menggunakan metode level set, segmentasi yang dihasilkan mempunyai nilai rata-rata sensitifitas 96,806%, akurasi 99,809% dan spesifitas 99,981%. Kata kunci : prostesis, citra CT, active contour, level set
Antibodies to Nipah-Like Virus in Bats (Pteropus lylei), Cambodia

Serum specimens from fruit bats were obtained at restaurants in Cambodia. We detected antibodies cross-reactive to Nipah virus by enzyme immunoassay in 11 (11.5%) of 96 Lyle’s flying foxes (Pteropus lylei). Our study suggests that viruses closely related to Nipah or Hendra viruses are more widespread in Southeast Asia than previously documented.
Evolution of the Australian lithosphere

The evolution of the Australian plate can be interpreted in a plate‐tectonic paradigm in which lithospheric growth occurred via vertical and horizontal accretion. The lithospheric roots of Archaean lithosphere developed contemporaneously with the overlying crust. Vertical accretion of the Archaean lithosphere is probably related to the arrival of large plumes, although horizontal lithospheric accretion was also important to crustal growth. The Proterozoic was an era of major crustal growth in which the components of the North Australian, West Australian and South Australian cratons were formed and amalgamated during a series of accretionary events and continent‐continent collisions, interspersed with periods of lithospheric extension. During Phanerozoic accretionary tectonism, approximately 30% of the Australian crust was added to the eastern margin of the continent in a predominantly supra‐subduction environment. Widespread plume‐driven rifting during the breakup of Gondwana may have contributed to the destruction of Archaean lithospheric roots (as a result of lithospheric stretching). However, lithospheric growth occurred at the same time due to mafic underplating along the eastern margin of the plate. Northward drift of Australia during the Tertiary led to the development of a complex accretionary margin at the leading edge of the plate (Papua New Guinea).
Effects of agricultural management on sodosols in northern Tasmania

Attributes of 25 Tasmanian sodosols were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine changes associated with 4 typical forms of agricultural management [long-term pasture, cropping with shallow tillage using discs and tines, cropping (including potatoes) with more rigorous and deeper tillage including deep ripping and powered implements, and cropping (including potatoes) where the potatoes were harvested when the soil was wet]. Soil organic carbon in the top 150 mm was 2.7% under long-term pasture compared with 1.8% in rigorously tilled cropping paddocks, and microbial biomass C values were 194 and 129 mg/kg, respectively. Readily oxidisable organic C concentrations were 1.8 mg/g and 1.3 mg/g, respectively. Infiltration rate was greater in paddocks with shallow tillage cropping than long-term pasture but was 43% less in paddocks which had grown potatoes and 70% less after a wet potato harvest. Dry aggregate-size showed no change under shallow tillage cropping compared with long-term pasture but decreased significantly in more rigorously tilled potato cropping paddocks. Aggregate stability in all cropped paddocks was nearly 50% less than in long-term pasture paddocks, with values in intensively tilled potato cropping paddocks approaching relatively low levels. Colwell extractable phosphorus (P) increased with all cropping, particularly after potatoes. Lower organic carbon and poorer physical properties were associated with paddocks which had grown potatoes, which adds weight to the view that cropping rotation and associated soil management practices are critical for sustainable management of Tasmanian sodosols. Farmers were surveyed about their views of the condition of their paddocks. They identified more healthy than unhealthy soil attributes under all management histories but reported more unhealthy soil attributes when potatoes were included in their rotation.
Clustering Approach Towards Image Segmentation: An Analytical Study

Image processing is an important research area in computer vision. Image segmentation plays the vital rule in image processing research. There exist so many methods for image segmentation. Clustering is an unsupervised study. Clustering can also be used for image segmentation. In this paper, an in-depth study is done on different clustering techniques that can be used for image segmentation with their pros and cons. An experiment for color image segmentation based on clustering with K-Means algorithm is performed to observe the accuracy of clustering technique for the segmentation purpose.