Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Decidability Properties of One-Dimensional Cellular Automata

In a recent paper Sutner proved that the first-order theory of the phase-space $\mathcal{S}_\mathcal{A}=(Q^\mathbb{Z}, \longrightarrow)$ of a one-dimensional cellular automaton $\mathcal{A}$ whose configurations are elements of $Q^\mathbb{Z}$, for a finite set of states $Q$, and where $\longrightarrow$ is the "next configuration relation", is decidable. He asked whether this result could be extended to a more expressive logic. We prove in this paper that this is actuallly the case. We first show that, for each one-dimensional cellular automaton $\mathcal{A}$, the phase-space $\mathcal{S}_\mathcal{A}$ is an omega-automatic structure. Then, applying recent results of Kuske and Lohrey on omega-automatic structures, it follows that the first-order theory, extended with some counting and cardinality quantifiers, of the structure $\mathcal{S}_\mathcal{A}$, is decidable. We give some examples of new decidable properties for one-dimensional cellular automata. In the case of surjective cellular automata, some more efficient algorithms can be deduced from results of Kuske and Lohrey on structures of bounded degree. On the other hand we show that the case of cellular automata give new results on automatic graphs.
Selective 5‐Lipoxygenase Inhibitor BW A4C Does Not Influence Progression of Tissue Injury in a Canine Model of Regional Myocardial Ischaemia and Reperfusion

The effects of BW A4C, a selective arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, on the progression of myocardial tissue injury were examined in anaesthetised, open-chest beagle dogs subjected to 90-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)) followed by 120-min repertusion. Regional myocardial blood flow (RMBE, microspheres), segment shortening (sonomicrometry, and infaret size (tetrazolium stain) as an index of tissue injury were measured. Control animals (group I. n - 11) received an infusion of vehicle [50 vol vol glveofurol and distilled water, 47 ml at 12 mlh, intravenously (i.v)] beginning 15 min before ischaemia and continuing until the end of reperfusion. Treated animals received either 10 (group 2.n - 11 or 50 μg kg ‘min’ (group 3.n) BW A4C iv, in the same period. The infaret risk zone ratio (IR) in group I (24.1 ± 6.0 ±) was not significantly different from that of group 2(28.0 ± 8.4± or group 3 (46.1 ± 6.7). The close inverse relationship ohserved in controls between 1 R ratio and collateral flow was not altered by either dose of BW A4C. Segment shortening during ischaemia 0.2 ± 2.7. 2.4 ± 1.7, and 1.5 ± 1.7) and reperfusion (4.9 + 2.8. 1.0 + 1.8. and 1.0 + 1.9 and during an isoprenaline infusion to unmask stunned myocardium (14.7 ± 3.0, 14.7 + 2.6, and 7.4 + 1.7) were not significantly different between groups 1.2. and 3. Plasma levels of BW A4C reached steady state by 45 min of ischaemia at both doses and in both group 2 (0.52–0.72 μg ml) and group 3 (1.55–2.13 μg ml were above the IC50 value for 5 LOs inhibition. Thus. a selective inhibitor of 5 LO. BW A4C, did not influence progression of myocardial tissue injury in this experimental model although plasma levels were above the IC3p value for 5-LO inhibition. These results cast doubt on the role of the products of 5-LO in propagation of myocardial necrosis after ischaemia.
Neuroimaging resilience to stress: a review

There is a high degree of intra-individual variation in how individuals respond to stress. This becomes evident when exploring the development of posttraumatic symptoms or stress-related disorders after exposure to trauma. Whether or not an individual develops posttraumatic symptoms after experiencing a traumatic event is partly dependent on a person's resilience. Resilience can be broadly defined as the dynamic process encompassing positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity. Even though research into the neurobiological basis of resilience is still in its early stages, these insights can have important implications for the prevention and treatment of stress-related disorders. Neuroimaging studies contribute to our knowledge of intra-individual variability in resilience and the development of posttraumatic symptoms or other stress-related disorders. This review provides an overview of neuroimaging findings related to resilience. Structural, resting-state, and task-related neuroimaging results associated with resilience are discussed. There are a limited number of studies available and neuroimaging research of resilience is still in its infancy. The available studies point at brain circuitries involved in stress and emotion regulation, with more efficient processing and regulation associated with resilience.
Phosphate dependence and atractyloside inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The ADP-ATP carrier is rate-limiting.

ATP production and oxygen consumption by rat liver mitochondria were measured as a function of atractyloside and phosphate (Pi) concentration. The “on” kinetics of atractyloside inhibition of ATP production are very rapid, and the onset of inhibitory effect is complete within 1 s even at concentrations which produce partial inhibition. A ligand conservation plot relating atractyloside concentration and fractional inhibition of ATP production is linear and indicates that inhibition is proportional to the fraction of ADP-ATP carrier sites bound with atractyloside. Estimates of E, the number of atractyloside sensitive sites, and Ki, the atractyloside inhibition constant, are 3.8 x low7 mol/g of protein and 2.2 X lOWa M, respectively. Mitochondrial respiration during active oxidative phosphorylation is proportional to log [Pi]. Plots of atractyloside concentration versus respiratory rate at different Pi concentrations are similar in shape. There is no increase in sigmoidicity with decreasing Pi that would suggest that the ADP-ATP carrier is losing any rate-limiting character as Pi decreases and the rate of the reaction falls. Hexokinase at concentrations below about 400 units/g of mitochondrial protein limits the rate of mitochondrial respiration in the presence of glucose and ATP. Atractyloside inhibition curves become increasingly sigmoidal as hexokinase is decreased below 400 units/g of protein. This finding demonstrates that when the ADP-ATP carrier is not rate-limiting, significant amounts of atractyloside can bind without producing a corresponding decrease in ATP production. It is concluded that, in rat liver mitochondria, adenine nucleotide translocation is rate-limiting in the overall reaction of oxidative phosphorylation and is responsible for the phenomenon of respiratory control.
Optimising task layout to increase schedulability via reduced cache related pre-emption delays

Cache memories have been introduced into embedded systems to prevent memory access times from becoming an unacceptable performance bottleneck. For hard real-time systems, it is vital that an accurate estimate of the worst-case response time for each task can be determined. Memory and cache are split into blocks containing instructions and data. During a pre-emption, blocks from the pre-empting task can evict those of the pre-empted task. When the pre-empted task is resumed, if it then has to re-load the evicited blocks, cache related pre-emption delays (CRPD) are introduced which then affect the worst-case response times of the task. Because the position of code in memory determines where the code will be placed in cache, different layouts result in different CRPD and worst-case response times for tasks. We introduce an approach that uses simulated annealing to find layouts that minimise the CRPD incurred due to a pre-emption. This in turn reduces the worst-case response times of tasks, which increases the schedulability of the taskset. We use schedulability analysis that captures whether a block will have to be re-loaded after a pre-emption, to drive the algorithm towards a near optimal solution. After explaining our approach, we present a number of experiments which demonstrate its effectiveness for a number of different system, task and cache configurations.
South African data on malignant mesothelioma.

The authors conclude that for very large partsof the world, data on mesothelioma incidence/mortalityare not available and this constitutes a serious obstacle tothe progress of knowledge of mesothelioma. No data wasavailable from South Africa or Sub-Saharan Africa. TheAfrican continent was represented with data fromMorocco and Tunisia only.Chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite were all mined ona large commercial scale in South Africa, which was theworld’s largest producer of both crocidolite and amositeasbestos. The mining of asbestos in South Africa ceasedin 2002. The association between crocidolite and malig-nant mesothelioma was first described by Wagner
Modeling and experimental characterization of the chevron-type bi-stable microactuator

A compliant bi-stable micromechanism allows two stable states within its operation range to remain at one of the local minimum states of potential energy. Bi-stable energy characteristics offer two distinct and repeatable stable states that require no power input to maintain. In this paper we suggest a new theoretical model of the chevron-type bi-stable microactuator using equivalent stiffness in the rectilinear and rotational directions. From this model, the range of the spring stiffness in which the bi-stable mechanism can be operated is analyzed and compared with the results of finite element analysis (FEA) for buckling analysis. The analysis of the equivalent stiffness model shows that the forces necessary for the forward and backward actuation are almost linearly proportional to the equivalent stiffness, also in agreement with that of FEA. Based on the analysis, a novel chevron-type bi-stable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuator with hinges and coupling bars is proposed for the improvement of a stable latch-up operation. The thickness and orientation of the hinge is determined through FEA in the light of reliable operation, stroke requirement, mechanical stress, and process constraint. The change in the cross-sectional area during the fabrication process is also considered to take into account its effects on the reduction of equivalent stiffness of the bi-stable MEMS actuator. The fabricated chevron-type microactuator showed a reliable bi-stable operation with a 60 µm stroke at 36 V input voltage, in agreement with the results of the equivalent stiffness model. Therefore, these results confirm that the chevron-type bi-stable MEMS actuator using hinges with coupling bars is applicable to optical switches.
Behavioral modeling and predistortion of nonlinear power amplifiers based on adaptive filtering techniques

In this paper, the use of some of the most popular adaptive filtering algorithms for the purpose of linearizing power amplifiers by the well-known digital predistortion (DPD) technique is investigated. First, an introduction to the problem of power amplifier linearization is given, followed by a discussion of the model used for this purpose. Next, a variety of adaptive algorithms are used to construct the digital predistorter function for a highly nonlinear power amplifier and their performance is comparatively analyzed. Based on the simulations presented in this paper, conclusions regarding the choice of algorithm are derived.
Biogenic Amines and Collective Organization in a Superorganism: Neuromodulation of Social Behavior in Ants

The ecological dominance of ants has to a great extent been achieved through their collective action and complex social organization. Ants provide diverse model systems to examine the neural underpinnings of individual behavior and group action that contribute to their evolutionary success. Core elements of ant colony structure such as reproductive and ergonomic division of labor, task specialization, and social integration are beginning to be understood in terms of cellular neuroanatomy and neurochemistry. In this review we discuss the neuroethology of colony organization by focusing on the role of biogenic amines in the control of social behavior in ants. We examine the role of neuromodulation in significant sociobiological characteristics of ants, including reproductive hierarchies, colony foundation, social food flow, nestmate recognition, territoriality, and size- and age-related sensory perception and task performance as well as the involvement of monoamines in collective intelligence, the ultimate key to the global dominance of these remarkable superorganisms. We conclude by suggesting future directions for the analysis of the aminergic regulation of behavior and social complexity in ants.
Structural basis and functions of abscisic acid receptors PYLs

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in many developmental processes and responses to adaptive stresses in plants. Recently, a new family of nucleocytoplasmic PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) has been identified as bona fide ABA receptors. PYLs together with protein phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs), Snf1 (Sucrose-non-fermentation 1)-related kinases subfamily 2 (SnRK2s) and downstream substrates constitute the core ABA signaling network. Generally, PP2Cs inactivate SnRK2s kinases by physical interaction and direct dephosphorylation. Upon ABA binding, PYLs change their conformations and then contact and inhibit PP2Cs, thus activating SnRK2s. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in research regarding the structures of the core signaling pathways of ABA, including the (+)-ABA, (−)-ABA and ABA analogs pyrabactin as well as 6AS perception by PYLs, SnRK2s mimicking PYLs in binding PP2Cs. PYLs inhibited PP2Cs in both the presence and absence of ABA and activated SnRK2s. The present review elucidates multiple ABA signal perception and transduction by PYLs, which might shed light on how to design small chemical compounds for improving plant performance in the future.
Identification of a novel de novo GATA3 mutation in a patient with HDR syndrome

We describe the case of a 21-year-old male with hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, recurrent limb twitch, deafness, proteinuria, increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and shrinkage of both kidneys. Brain computed tomography showed intracranial calcifications. The patient was diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome. DNA sequence analysis of the GATA3 gene showed a novel de novo mutation, c. 529dupC (p. Arg177profs*126), in exon 2, resulting in a frameshift mutation with a premature stop codon after a new 126 amino acid sequence. We provide further evidence that HDR syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of GATA3.
Physical Simulation of the Flow Field in a Vertical Twin Roll Strip Caster – A Water Model Study

Twin‐roll strip casting is a near‐net shape method for the production of metal strips in the range of several millimeters. The benefit in comparison to other methods is the short length of the facility and the lowered energy consumption in comparison to conventional continuous slab casting. This results in a reduction of costs and large energy savings by up to 85%. In this work the flow inside the pool of a twin roll strip caster is investigated. A modular submerged entry nozzle (SEN) was designed, which allows an adjustment of the flow for the single submerged faces of the SEN in the pool. This makes it possible to control the flow in several ways, to create different flow patterns. The measurements were made for a steady state. For the measurements in the pool the particle image velocimetry method (PIV) was used to determine two‐dimensional velocity fields. The surface motion at the rolls was investigated by video analysis. It was shown that this experimental setup is suitable to create several characteristic flow patterns inside the pool by combining the three main flows (front, long, and bottom). Also, it was obtained that high volume flows through the front chambers create a very uneven meniscus with large differences in height. The best result correlated to the meniscus was achieved for a medium volume flow at the long chambers and a high volume flow through the bottom.
Non-additivity in protein-DNA binding

MOTIVATION Localizing protein binding sites within genomic DNA is of considerable importance, but remains difficult for protein families, such as transcription factors, which have loosely defined target sequences. It is generally assumed that protein affinity for DNA involves additive contributions from successive nucleotide pairs within the target sequence. This is not necessarily true, and non-additive effects have already been experimentally demonstrated in a small number of cases. The principal origin of non-additivity involves the so-called indirect component of protein-DNA recognition which is related to the sequence dependence of DNA deformation induced during complex formation. Non-additive effects are difficult to study because they require the identification of many more binding sequences than are normally necessary for describing additive specificity (typically via the construction of weight matrices). RESULTS In the present work we will use theoretically estimated binding energies as a basis for overcoming this problem. Our approach enables us to study the full combinatorial set of sequences for a variety of DNA-binding proteins, make a detailed analysis of non-additive effects and exploit this information to improve binding site predictions using either weight matrices or support vector machines. The results underline the fact that, even in the presence of significant deformation, non-additive effects may involve only a limited number of dinucleotide steps. This information helps to reduce the number of binding sites which need to be identified for successful predictions and to avoid problems of over-fitting. AVAILABILITY The SVM software is available upon request from the authors.
Study of Particles at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces

Particles are known to adsorb at fluid-fluid interfaces in small molecule systems such as oil/water emulsions. These particle stabilized emulsions are called Pickering emulsions. This thesis aims to extend the phenomenon of particle adsorption as observed in Pickering emulsions to polymer blends. Polymer blends are high viscosity analogs of emulsions. They present an economical way of obtaining a material with desired properties by blending two immiscible polymers. The goal of this work is to examine the effects of interfacial adsorption of particles in polymer blends.We examine the effect of the simultaneous adsorption of silica particles at two polymer-polymer interfaces in polyisobutylene/polydimethylsiloxane (PIB/PDMS) and polyethyleneoxide/polyisobutylene (PEO/PIB) blends, leading to the bridging of drops. Microscopically and rheologically, the particle mediated drop bridging is shown to result in the formation of clusters and networks of drops. This is reported to impart weak gel-like characteristics to the blend.A variety of commercially available particles viz. polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), iron (Fe), iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are shown to be interfacially active at chemically different polyisoprene/polydimethylsiloxane (PI/PDMS) and not so different polyisoprene/polyisobutylene (PI/PIB) interfaces. This has led to the possibility of exploiting the phenomenon of interfacial adsorption of particles, as particulate compatibilizers, to suppress the drop coalescence in PI/PDMS blends. Rheology is presented as a microstructural tool to qualitatively probe the effect of interfacial activity of particles on the drop size. Our rheology and microscopy results with 0.5vol% of particles show that none of the particle types suppress coalescence of drops in the blends. Instead, PTFE and Fe particles promote coalescence of the drops in PI/PDMS blends.We also examine the stabilization of polymer foams, specifically polystyrene (PS) and polyisobutylene (PIB) by PTFE particles. Our experimental results show that PTFE particles can significantly enhance the stabilization of PS and PIB foams, making them stable for extended periods of time. We believe that this approach of using PTFE particles to stabilize PS and PIB foams may prove useful in a variety of other polymers as well, and may extend the range of polymers and processing conditions under which foaming can be conducted.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane-Nanoclay Composites

In this study polyurethane (PUR)-nanoclay composites were synthesized using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, polyol, and hectorite clay. The weight percentage of hectorite clay was varied at three different levels to study its effect on the properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite. The nanocomposite polyurethane foam was synthesized in a 2-step reaction process. The first step involved the addition and dispersion of nanoclay into the isocyanate. The mixture was then mixed with the polyol, and the foam was cast in a preheated closed mold. The PUR-nanocomposite foams were analyzed for cell structure, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The composite foam showed significant increase in tensile and flexural strengths, abrasion resistance, and thermal properties.
MHV-A59 Enters Polarized Murine Epithelial Cells through the Apical Surface but Is Released Basolaterally

Abstract Coronaviruses have a marked tropism for epithelial cells. Entry and release of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is restricted to apical surfaces of polarized epithelial cells, as we have recently shown (J. W. A. Rossen, C. P. J. Bekker, W. F. Voorhout, G. J. A. M. Strous, A. van der Ende, and P. J. M. Rottier, 1994, J. Virol. 68, 7966-7973). In this paper we analyze the interactions of mouse hepatitis coronavirus A59 (MHV-A59) with polarized murine kidney cells (mTAL) grown on permeable supports. After inoculation from the apical or basolateral side, virus entry was found to take place only through the apical membrane. The virus utilized a protein of the carcinoembryonic antigen family as its receptor. In contrast to TGEV, MHV-A59 was released preferentially from the basolateral plasma membrane domain, as evidenced by the accumulation of viral proteins and infectivity in the basolateral culture fluid as well as by electron microscopical observations in the mouse, MHV initially replicates in the nasal epithelium before being disseminated throughout the body; the basolateral release of MHV from epithelial cells into the animal's circulation may be the first step in the establishment of a systemic infection.
Perspective-aware warping for seamless stereoscopic image cloning

This paper presents a novel technique for seamless stereoscopic image cloning, which performs both shape adjustment and color blending such that the stereoscopic composite is seamless in both the perceived depth and color appearance. The core of the proposed method is an iterative disparity adaptation process which alternates between two steps: disparity estimation, which re-estimates the disparities in the gradient domain so that the disparities are continuous across the boundary of the cloned region; and perspective-aware warping, which locally re-adjusts the shape and size of the cloned region according to the estimated disparities. This process guarantees not only depth continuity across the boundary but also models local perspective projection in accordance with the disparities, leading to more natural stereoscopic composites. The proposed method allows for easy cloning of objects with intricate silhouettes and vague boundaries because it does not require precise segmentation of the objects. Several challenging cases are demonstrated to show that our method generates more compelling results compared to methods with only global shape adjustment.