Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THREE ESSAYS IN FINANCE

Author(s): Wang, Ye | Advisor(s): Bernardo, Antonio E. | Abstract: The ﬁrst chapter of my dissertation explores the roles “quants” or technically trained workers play at hedge funds. I quantify the impact of hiring “quants” on hedge fund strategy and risk taking by exploiting H-1B lottery results and a policy shock that signiﬁcantly reduced the future supply of foreign high-skilled labor in the U.S. I ﬁnd that the H-1B visa program allows hedge funds to pursue strategies that are more quantitative (e.g., hedging, systematic trading, etc.) as opposed to fundamentals-based (e.g., event driven). Although there is evidence of substitution between fund strategies, I also ﬁnd that hedge funds overall become more diversiﬁed, both in terms of regional focus and fund investment style.Traditional theories on corporate ﬁnancial policy mostly focus on ﬁrm-speciﬁc determinants and assume that capital structure choices are made independently of the actions of peer ﬁrms. The second chapter of my dissertation introduces a theoretical model that embodies the dynamic of how peer behavior aﬀects a ﬁrm’s optimal choice of debt level. Speciﬁcally, peer eﬀect is captured by a measure of how much the liquidation value of assets are adversely impacted if peer ﬁrms choose to liquidate simultaneously, the eﬀect of which is more prominent for industries with highly specialized assets – hence low asset redeployability. The theoretical model predicts that a ﬁrm’s optional debt level is lower when the liquidation prices of its assets are expected to be more severely impacted by the concurrent liquidation of peer ﬁrms. Moreover, in those situations where peer ﬁrms’ cash ﬂows are more closely correlated, the optional debt level will be higher. Individual ﬁrms’ attempts to maximize their own utility lead to an industry-wide over leverage, further exacerbating the risk of general crises in an already highly correlated industry.The third chapter of my dissertation explores the potential of using deep learning models to enhance equity trading strategies such as momentum and reversal trading. A deep feed forward neural network model (DFN) is fed with a training data set (1965-2000) that uses the rolling Z-scored cumulative returns of various horizons as predicative variables. With the model parameters generated by the training set, the model is applied to the validation set (2000-2016) to generate a signal for each stock predicting its likelihood of outperforming the cross-sectional medium. Based on this model-predicted signal, I have constructed an long-short investment portfolio out of the validation data set. The deep learning portfolios yield an annualized return of over 20 percent and generate signiﬁcantly large alphas over commonly used factor models.
The development of the C language

The C programming language was devised in the early 1970s as a system implementation language for the nascent Unix operating system. Derived from the typeless language BCPL, it evolved a type structure; created on a tiny machine as a tool to improve a meager programming environment, it has become one of the dominant languages of today. This paper studies its evolution.
Les relatives appositives entre intégration syntaxique et intégration discursive

L’objectif du présent travail est de mettre en lumière certaines propriétés discursives des relatives appositives du français et, par la même occasion, de participer au débat sur le statut dont elles jouissent au niveau du discours. Plus spécifiquement, en prenant comme point de départ la discussion antérieure (cf. Brandt, 1990 ; Combettes, 1992 ; Lambrecht, 1998 ; Holler, 2005b ; Loock, 2007) portant sur la distinction fonctionnelle entre les relatives narratives (1) et les relatives descriptives (2), nous suggérons que, contrairement à ce que postulent les travaux précédents, ni les premières, ni les secondes ne peuvent être assimilées à des unités autonomes du discours, l’hypothèse que nous étayons avec des données expérimentales.
Paired-End Mapping Reveals Extensive Structural Variation in the Human Genome

Structural variation of the genome involves kilobase- to megabase-sized deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions, and complex combinations of rearrangements. We introduce high-throughput and massive paired-end mapping (PEM), a large-scale genome-sequencing method to identify structural variants (SVs) ∼3 kilobases (kb) or larger that combines the rescue and capture of paired ends of 3-kb fragments, massive 454 sequencing, and a computational approach to map DNA reads onto a reference genome. PEM was used to map SVs in an African and in a putatively European individual and identified shared and divergent SVs relative to the reference genome. Overall, we fine-mapped more than 1000 SVs and documented that the number of SVs among humans is much larger than initially hypothesized; many of the SVs potentially affect gene function. The breakpoint junction sequences of more than 200 SVs were determined with a novel pooling strategy and computational analysis. Our analysis provided insights into the mechanisms of SV formation in humans.
Parental rearing behaviors: Stability of reports over time and relation to adult interpersonal skills

Abstract The EMBU (Perris, Jacobsson, Lindstrom, von Knorring, & Perris, 1980) is a measure by which adults report on the child-rearing behaviors of their parents. A 27-item form derived by factor analysis has three reliable scales—Supportive, Rejecting, and Overinvolved—for the behavior of respondents' fathers and mothers separately. In a community sample of young adults (N = 101), we found high test-retest reliability after 4 years for the items and subscale scores of the short version. Short EMBU scores were correlated with psychological adjustment as assessed by self-report scales of affective state, work adjustment, and availability of support. Subjects reporting supportive or rejecting parents showed the levels of adjustment predicted by attachment theory. There were sex differences in the correlates of parental rearing behaviors, and among subjects with rejecting parents, women had poorer work adjustment and men had less effective interpersonal relationships.
Assessing the Collective Population Representativeness of Related Type 2 Diabetes Trials by Combining Multiple Public Data Resources

Randomized controlled trials generate high-quality medical evidence. However, the use of unjustified inclusion/exclusion criteria may compromise the external validity of a study. We have introduced a method to assess the population representativeness of related clinical trials using electronic health record (EHR) data. As EHR data may not perfectly represent the real-world patient population, in this work, we further validated the method and its results using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. We visualized and quantified the differences in the distributions of age, HbA1c, and BMI among the target population of Type 2 diabetes trials, diabetics in NHANES databases, and a convenience sample of patients enrolled in selected Type 2 diabetes trials. The results are consistent with the previous study.
Managerial elites making rhetorical and linguistic ‘moves’ for a moving (emotional) display

This article contributes to sociological studies of emotions in organizations. It resides upon an innovative move to extend the ethnographic approach to include audio-recording, in this case managerial elites’ naturally occurring interactions, to provide the basis for an ‘empirical filling out’ of emotions research. Furthermore, theoretically to develop this field in ways that encompass the simultaneous speaking of emotionality and rationality, Nash’s account of rhetoric as emotion is drawn upon. In particular, the four discursive constituents which orators are said to need for ‘moving an audience’ are deployed to analytically trace how elites intertwine emotional expressiveness and a rhetoric of rationality to influence management/strategic processes. These four constituents are empathetic matter/great theme, stance, utterance design (taxis) and utterance relation (lexis). Three brief transcribed extracts of elites-at-talk are reproduced from one ethnography to illustrate the scope of a fine-grained analysis of elites’ assembly of emotional displays – two are abstracted from the ebband-flow of interaction to illustrate everyday ‘mini-speeches’ of ‘great’ oratory and the third specifically illustrates the intricate nature of inter action revealing the ways emotion can be likened to a ‘barometer of moral and relational ethics’.
Preferences for Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication Tasks

This study explains preferences among staff members of a state legislature for the interactive telecommunication technology of electronic mail. A survey comparing preferences for face-to-face, telephone, written and electronic mail communication channels found that preferences were significantly related to the type of communi cation task undertaken and that in some instances electronic mail was preferred over either the telephone or face-to-face communication.
Finding a Canon and Core

In this article, the author explores seven “unanswered questions” concerning the preparation of future teacher educator-researchers. She considers five questions concerning the substance of doctoral preparation: what the new generation of teacher-researchers would need to know about teacher education, relevant disciplines, research methodologies, teaching in universities, and K-12 schooling. She then briefly discusses the need to theorize about how doctoral students learn to teach and conduct research. In essence, the author proposes a curriculum for her own learning as a mentor and advisor in a doctoral program for future teacher educator-researchers.
Racer: An OWL Reasoning Agent for the Semantic Web

Racer, which can be considered as a core reasoning agent for the semantic web, is briefly described. Racer currently supports a wide range of inference services about ontologies specified in the Ontology Web Language (OWL). These services are made available to other agents via network based APIs. Racer is currently used by various clients such as ontology editors, ontology development and visualization tools, and a first webbased prototype for exploration and analysis of OWL ontolo-
A compact real-time acoustic bandwidth compression system for real-time monitoring of ultrasound

Many animals and systems radiate ultrasound that contains valuable information, from bats to high-voltage power lines. We set out to develop a real-time bandwidth compressor that can convey the prominent features of ultrasound in the human hearing band of 50 Hz to 16 kHz that requires no assumption of where in the ultrasonic frequency band of interest or when in the time domain the information is encoded. A primary application is in dolphin communication, which is believed to be both sophisticated and ultrasonic. Real-time studies of their acoustic communication patterns together with their behavior with the added capability to be able to react and respond in a timely manner to interact with them could rapidly generate important findings, greatly improving the efficiency of dolphin-human interactions. This is not possible without a real-time interface between ultrasound and human hearing. As is well known, there is no pictorial representation that readily conveys the richness of a sound. We are therefore driven to find an efficient acoustic interface, translating ultrasound into audible sounds. This is easy to do in post-processing (simply play back at reduced speed), but continuous streaming real-time processing presents a challenge. The total information-carrying capacity of a signal can be represented by the time-bandwidth product. If the time is constrained to be the same and the bandwidth must be reduced, some information must be discarded. Choosing how and where to do this is the key to a successful algorithm. In this paper we present an algorithm that compresses ultrasound signals into the audio band of human hearing while maintaining the overall signatures and structures of the signal, regardless of the signal type. This algorithm can be demonstrated to be optimal under the applied constraints. This is followed by the design of a prototype system that provides realtime bandwidth compression and a preliminary test result of the system capability. The algorithm has a time-domain implementation that makes it possible to downshift signals sampled at up to 1 MSa/s to audio range using a DSP. The system is autonomous and compact so that it can be carried by operators, including divers, allowing them to swim among dolphins while listening to their communications. The system is demonstrated using high frequency acoustic signals from a bottlenose dolphin
The Relationship Between Perceived Parental Rejection and Adjustment for Arab, Canadian, and Arab Canadian Youth

The present study examined whether psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and risk behavior differed among European Canadian (n = 147), Arab Canadian (n = 129), and Arab youth in Egypt and Lebanon (n = 131). Using parental acceptance-rejection theory, we also examined the strength of associations between perceived parental rejection and positive and negative outcomes for these youth. Our results suggested that European Canadian youth were less likely to perceive parental rejection and had higher life satisfaction than both Arab groups. However, although Arab Canadians and Arabs perceived more parental rejection than their European Canadian counterparts, it had less of an effect on their adjustment. We argued that culturally normative aspects of parent-youth relationships in Arab families may mitigate the effects of perceived parental rejection and that immigration may not exert a negative effect on Arab families in Canada. Instead, we suggested that researchers need to focus on the strengths of youth and families, rather than the negative effects of immigration and/or cultural group status.
Classification of Human Resources Based on Measurement of Tacit Knowledge: An Empirical Study in Iran

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate employees of an organization in order to evaluate and classify them based on their tacit knowledge. Therefore, in this paper, staff's tacit knowledge is measured at the individual level, in automotive sector.Design/methodology/approach – Repertory grid technique has been used as a mechanism to aid the elicitation and evaluation of individuals’ personal constructs. Then, Pathfinder analysis was carried out to examine the individual's knowledge structure. The similarities between knowledge structure of expert and novice was measured by the set‐theoretic index C, in order to classify staff and ultimately, for analysis of each group, Idiogrid software was used.Findings – Based on closeness index, all employees were classified into four categories. Respondent's perceptions were evaluated by comparing the mental model graphs of the individuals in different categories with experts’ graphs. Ultimately, the best or the most effective HR practices were determine.
eBay in the Clouds: False-Name-Proof Auctions for Cloud Resource Allocation

The paradigm of cloud computing has spontaneously prompted a wide interest in auction-based mechanisms for cloud resource allocation. To eliminate market manipulation, a number of strategy-proof (a.k.a. Truthful) cloud auction mechanisms have been recently proposed by enforcing bidders to bid their true valuations of the cloud resources. However, as discovered in this paper, they would suffer from a new cheating pattern, named false-name bids, where a bidder can gain profit by submitting bids under multiple fictitious names (e.g, Multiple e-mail addresses). Such false-name cheating is easy to make but hard to detect in cloud auctions. To tackle this issue, we propose FAITH, a new False-name-proof Auction for virtual machine instance allocation, that is proven both strategy-proof and false-name proof by our theoretical analysis. When N users compete for M different types of computing instances with multiple units, FAITH achieves a lower time complexity of O(N log N+NM) compared to exiting cloud auction designs. We further extend FAITH to support range-based requests as desired in practice for flexible auction. Through extensive simulation experiments, we show that FAITH highly improves auction efficiency, outperforming the extended mechanisms of conventional false-name-proof auctions in terms of generated revenue and social welfare by up to 220% and 140%, respectively.
Spectrum of echocardiographic presentations in patients of COPD.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has noticeable effects on cardiac functions, including those of the right and left ventricles, and pulmonary blood vessels. High incidence of mortality associated with COPD patients is due to cardiac involvement. Echocardiography evaluation provides a rapid, noninvasive, portable, and accurate method to evaluate the cardiac changes. Aims: To evaluate the cardiac changes secondary to COPD by echocardiography and to find out the correlation between echocardiographic determinants and severity of COPD, if there is any. Material and Methods: The present observational study was conducted on 50 cases having history of cough with expectoration of at least 3 months duration in 2 consecutive years in Department of Medicine, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur from December 2012 to July 2014. A total 50 patients of COPD were selected and staged by pulmonary function test (PFT) using spirometric evaluation of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 / FVC ratio. The severity of COPD was assessed according to British Thoracic Society guidelines as Mild: FEV1 60-79% of predicted, Moderate: FEV1, 40-59% of predicted, Severe: FEV1 < 40% of predicted. 2-D and M-mode echocardiography was done to observe the presence of pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular dilatation, right ventricular failure and left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction. All the data were expressed in numbers (%) and mean ± SD using SPSS ver. 20. Results: The Present study male: female ratio was 5.25:1 which indicate that COPD is more prevalent among men. The Incidence of COPD is higher (60%) among patients of age group 50-69 years. Study also revealed that most of the patients had symptoms of 1-5 years of duration. The mean FEV1 among study population was 36.01± 12.23 percent of predicted. Most of the patients (60%) had severe airflow obstruction at the World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.990 Volume 4, Issue 9, 1709-1717. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 30 June 2015, Revised on 24 July 2015, Accepted on 19 Aug 2015
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylation as a benchmark for the catalytic proficiency of enzymes

The magnitude of an enzyme's affinity for the altered substrate in the transition state exceeds its affinity for the substrate in the ground state by a factor matching the rate enhancement that the enzyme produces. Particularly remarkable are those enzymes that act as simple protein catalysts, without the assistance of metals or other cofactors. To determine the extent to which one such enzyme, human uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, enhances the rate of substrate decarboxylation, we examined the rate of spontaneous decarboxylation of pyrrolyl-3-acetate. Extrapolation of first-order rate constants measured at elevated temperatures indicates that this reaction proceeds with a half-life of 2.3 × 109 years at 25 °C in the absence of enzyme. This enzyme shows no significant homology with orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase (ODCase), another cofactorless enzyme that catalyzes a very slow reaction. It is proposed that, in both cases, a protonated basic residue (Arg-37 in the case of human UroD; Lys-93 in the case of yeast ODCase) furnishes a counterion that helps the scissile carboxylate group of the substrate leave water and enter a relatively nonpolar environment, stabilizes the incipient carbanion generated by the departure of CO2, and supplies the proton that takes its place.
Observations of the Failure of Conservation of Parity and Charge Conjugation in Meson Decays: The Magnetic Moment of the Free Muon

In order to project into the experimental future, we need some historical perspective. We should be aware of trends (e.g., vectors) so that we can see where a “natural” evolution of HEP will take us and we should be sensitive to problems that, although minor in the 1960s and manageable in the 197Os, have reached near crises states in the 1980s and will become the death knell of the subject in the 1990s. Although I started this review with an idea of seeing how we were doing with our ability to measure in space and time resolution, I became trapped into sociology, so I must then also discuss this as well. My assignment is awkward because all of the present and future experiments anywhere close to reality will be discussed in this program of speakers. What then can I add? Accelerators? About 30 months ago and about five miles from here in Snowmass ’82, I stated my conviction that the scientific need for observing a 1 TeV mass scale was overwhelming, that the technology was in hand, that the cost was moderate, and that we could not afford to dabble in intermediate steps. I would like to claim here that this talk, which coined the name, “Machine-in-the-Desert” or “Desertron,” was the opening shot in what was to become the goal of H E P for the next decade. After an enormous “Sturm und Drang,” we have SSC. It is much too early to say whether or not this was a foolhardy decision, but if we fail, it won’t be because we aren’t unified and convinced that this is the right scientific step. The more we look at the technology, the better it looks. The more we look at the science, the more it is the right step. I think we are committed to SSC, but we must be prepared for some setbacks and disappointments. However, we have a reasonable program to keep us going and if the SSC is under construction by the time LEP and HERA come on (1991-92), we’ll be very busy building the machine and building the detectors that are to use it. Therefore, I want to talk history now and since I’m not a scholar, but a student, I largely will use my own experience. It is also well known that, a t my age, looking back is more pleasant than looking ahead. Let me show you a number of figures, the first of which are pages from some miscellaneous Physical Review papers published in the ancient days when data was recorded by quill pens on fine parchment. FIGURE 1 is from research done on the Nevis cyclotron, which in 1950 was the world’s highest energy machine a t 400 MeV. The device was a Wilson Cloud Chamber working in a magnetic field of 5000 gauss. A total of 4000 photographs yielded the data, which was scanned and analyzed by two students and one assistant professor (me). FIGURE 2 is research done a t BNL, the Cosmotron. Here, 5000 pictures in a “giant” 36” cloud chamber were measured by one