Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Key Encryption using Genetic Algorithm

Genetic Algorithm (GA) is an invaluable tool for solving optimization problems due to its robustness. It does not break even if the inputs are changed slightly or in the presence of a reasonable noise. GA offers significant benefits over other optimization techniques in searching a large state space or n-dimensional surface. In todays information age information sharing and transfer has increased exponentially. With the ever increasing growth of multimedia applications security has become an important issue in the communication of text and images. Encryption has extensive applications in preserving confidentiality of data in Internet applications. With the popularization of Internet and exponential increase in e-commerce transactions security has become an inevitable and an integral part of any e-commerce application. Data integrity, confidentiality, authenticity, non-repudiation have gained tremendous importance and have become important components of information security. There are many risks involved in communication of plain text over Internet. Cryptography is a technique of encoding and decoding messages so that they cannot be interpreted by anybody except the sender and the intended recipient. In this paper we have made an attempt to exploit the randomness involved in crossover and mutation processes for generating a asymmetric key pair for encryption and decryption of messages. The number of crossover points and number of mutation points together with permutation factor and random byte to be used in the generation of a private key dictate the length of the secret key and hence the strength of the algorithm. In the current work we have employed four crossover points, three mutation points and a single random byte and a permutation factor. The former three parameters are in the range 0-15 whereas the last parameter is generated in the range 1-7. For uniformity each parameter is represented using 4 bits. Hence the length of the key is 36 bits. The algorithm is further strengthened by making it difficult to break by permuting the asymmetric key by a predefined permutation factor agreed upon by both the sender and the intended receiver. The randomness together with permutation makes the algorithm robust and hard to break. Finally, the algorithm is implemented in Java and applied for the encryption and decryption of a text file and a Word Document. The methodology is general and can be applied to any file for secure transmission of data.
The petrochemistry of the basic volcanic rocks of the South Connemara Group (Ordovician), western Ireland

Summary 16 samples of Ordovician basic volcanic rocks of the South Connemara Group, which abut the southern side of the metamorphic rocks of the Connemara massif in western Ireland, have been analysed for both major and trace elements. Although subject to low grade regional metamorphism and subsequently hornfelsed by the Galway Granite (400 Ma), their immobile element contents do not appear to be significantly disturbed. These elements characterise the metabasites of the South Connemara Group as ocean floor basalts having their origins in a marginal basin. The Skird Rocks Fault, separating the South Connemara Group from high grade metamorphic rocks of the Connemara massif, is consequently regarded as the northern margin of the vestiges of the lapetus Ocean which can be traced into, and along, the Southern Uplands Fault.
Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Associated with Fairness Preference in Ultimatum Game

In experimental economics, the preference for reciprocal fairness has been observed in the controlled and incentivized laboratory setting of the ultimatum game, in which two individuals decide on how to divide a sum of money, with one proposing the share while the second deciding whether to accept. Should the proposal be accepted, the amount is divided accordingly. Otherwise, both would receive no money. A recent twin study has shown that fairness preference inferred from responder behavior is heritable, yet its neurogenetic basis remains unknown. The D4 receptor (DRD4) exon3 is a well-characterized functional polymorphism, which is known to be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and personality traits including novelty seeking and self-report altruism. Applying a neurogenetic approach, we find that DRD4 is significantly associated with fairness preference. Additionally, the interaction among this gene, season of birth, and gender is highly significant. This is the first result to link preference for reciprocal fairness to a specific gene and suggests that gene × environment interactions contribute to economic decision making.
Biscutella L. ser. Laevigatae Malin. (Cruciferae) in Toscana. Indagini morfobiometriche e tassonomiche

Riassunto Nella ser. Laevigfitae Malin, del genere Biscutella L. sono presenti in Toscana popolazioni tetraploidi (2n = 36), distribuite sull'Appennino Tosco-Emiliano e sulle Alpi Apuane (in quota), e popolazioni diploidi (2n = 18) presenti lungo il versante tirrenico, dal piano litoraneo-collinare fino alla media montagna. Per valutare la posizione sistematica di queste popolazioni e stato condotto uno studio sulla variazione individuale e popolazionale dei caratteri morfologici relativi al fiore, alla siliqua e alle foglie. Sono stati anche considerati i meccanismi riproduttivi e le modalita di distribuzione sul territorio. I risultati hanno portato al riconoscimento dei seguenti taxa: Biscutella laevigata L. ssp. laevigata che riunisce le popolazioni tetraploidi dell'Appennino e delle Alpi Apuane; B. apuana sp. nov. quelle diploidi della Versilia e delle Alpi Apuane, fino a 1300 m di quota ca. ; B. pichiana sp. nov. quelle diploidi delle Colline metallifere, dei Monti livornesi e dell'isola d'Elba; all'.
The Noise/Stress Concept, Risk Assessment and Research Needs.

In principle, the noise/stress hypothesis is well understood: Noise activates the pituitary-adrenal-cortical axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis. Changes in stress hormones including epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol are frequently found in acute and chronic noise experiments. The catecholamines and steroid hormones affect the organism's metabolism. Cardiovascular disorders are especially in focus for epidemiological studies on adverse noise effects. However, not all biologically notifiable effects are of clinical relevance. The relative importance and significance of health outcomes to be assessed in epidemiological noise studies follow a hierarchical order, i.e. changes in physiological stress indicators, increase in biological risk factors, increase of the prevalence or incidence of diseases, premature death. Decision-making and risk management rely on quantitative risk assessment. Epidemiological methods are the primary tool for providing the necessary information. However, the statistical evidence of findings from individual studies is often weak. Magnitude of effect, dose-response relationship, biological plausibility and consistency of findings among studies are issues of epidemiological reasoning. Noise policy largely depends on considerations about cost-effectiveness, which may vary between populations. Limit or guideline values have to be set within the range between social and physical well-being - between nuisance and health. The cardiovascular risk is a key-outcome in non-auditory noise effects' research because of the high prevalence of related diseases in our communities. Specific studies regarding critical groups, different noise-sources, day/evening/night comparisons, coping styles and other effect-modifying factors, and the role of annoyance as a mediator of effect are issues for future research in this field.
Electrical stimulation via a biocompatible conductive polymer directs retinal progenitor cell differentiation

The goal of this study was to simulate in vitro the spontaneous electrical wave activity associated with retinal development and investigate if such biometrically designed signals can enhance differentiation of mouse retinal progenitor cells (mRPC). To this end, we cultured cells on an electroconductive transplantable polymer, polypyrrole (PPy) and measured gene expression and morphology of the cells. Custom-made 8-well cell culture chambers were designed to accommodate PPy deposited onto indium tin oxide-coated (ITO) glass slides, with precise control of the PPy film thickness. mRPCs were isolated from post-natal day 1 (P1) green fluorescent protein positive (GFP+) mice, expanded, seeded onto PPY films, allowed to adhere for 24 hours, and then subjected to electrical stimulation (100 μA pulse trains, 5 s in duration, once per minute) for 4 days. Cultured cells and non-stimulated controls were processed for immunostaining and confocal analysis, and for RNA extraction and quantitative PCR. Stimulated cells expressed significantly higher levels of the early photoreceptor marker cone-rod homebox (CRX, the earliest known marker of photoreceptor identity), and protein kinase-C (PKC), and significantly lower levels of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Consistently, stimulated cells developed pronounced neuronal morphologies with significantly longer dendritic processes and larger cell bodies than non-stimulated controls. Taken together, the experimental evidence shows that the application of an electrical stimulation designed based on retinal development can be implemented to direct and enhance retinal differentiation of mRPCs, suggesting a role for biomimetic electrical stimulation in directing progenitor cells toward neural fates.
High blood pressure detection in adolescents by clustering overall and abdominal adiposity markers.

BACKGROUND Obesity is linked to high blood pressure (HBP) in childhood. However, the role of fat as a predictor of HBP in adolescents remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between general and abdominal obesity with HBP and to identify the sensitivity and specificity of these indicators to detect HBP in adolescents. METHODS The sample was composed of 1,021 adolescents aged 10-17 years. Subjects were classified as normal, overweight/obese, according to BMI measurements, and as non-obese and with abdominal obesity, according to waist circumference (WC) measurements. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were assessed using an oscillometric device. Logistic regression and ROC curves were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HBP was 11.8% (13.4% in boys and 10.2% in girls). The prevalence of HBP among general overweight/obese boys and girls was 10% and 11.1%, respectively. The prevalence of HBP among boys with abdominal obesity was 28.6%. For both genders, the odds ratio (OR) for HBP was higher in abdominal obesity than in general overweight/obesity (4.09 [OR(95%CI) = 2.57-6.51]) versus 1.83 [OR(95%CI) = 1.83-4.30]). The OR for HBP was higher when general overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity were clustered (OR = 4.35 [OR(95%CI) = 2.68-7.05]), than when identified by either general overweight/obesity or abdominal obesity alone (OR = 1.32 [OR(95%CI) = 0.65-2.68]). However, both types of obesity had low predictive power in HBP detection. CONCLUSION General and abdominal obesity were associated to HBP, however, the sensitivity and specificity of these variables to detect HBP are low in Brazilian adolescents.
PCR CONFIRMATION OF THE cry 1 Ac GENE IN TRANSGENIC BT ( Bollgard ® ) COTTON

Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner δ-endotoxin genes has been widely adopted for suppression of lepidopteran pests. To account for inconsistency of the endotoxin gene expression, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for checking the purity of transgenic cotton plants. A total of eight cry1Ac genes were aligned for the PCR primer design. A DNA fragment was amplified from Bt cotton, sequenced, and confirmed to be a portion of the Bt gene. A total of 150 cotton plants representing five cultivars were examined for the presence of the Bt gene. Results demonstrated that all of these cotton plants harbored the Bt endotoxin gene.
Max-Ratio Relay Selection in Secure Buffer-Aided Cooperative Wireless Networks

This paper considers the security of transmission in buffer-aided decode-and-forward cooperative wireless networks. An eavesdropper which can intercept the data transmission from both the source and relay nodes is considered to threaten the security of transmission. Finite size data buffers are assumed to be available at every relay in order to avoid having to select concurrently the best source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links. A new max-ratio relay selection policy is proposed to optimize the secrecy transmission by considering all the possible source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links and selecting the relay having the link which maximizes the signal to eavesdropper channel gain ratio. Two cases are considered in terms of knowledge of the eavesdropper channel strengths: exact and average gains, respectively. Closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability for both cases are obtained, which are verified by simulations. The proposed max-ratio relay selection scheme is shown to outperform one based on a max-min-ratio relay scheme.
Improvement of an abstractive summarization evaluation tool using lexical-semantic relations and weighted syntax tags in Farsi language

In recent years, high increase in the amount of published web elements and the need to store, classify, restore, and process them have intensified the importance of natural language processing and its related tools such as automatic summarizers and machine translators. In this paper, a novel approach for evaluating automatic abstractive summarization system is proposed which can also be used in the other Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval Applications. By comparing auto-abstracts (abstracts created by machine) with human abstracts (ideal abstracts created by human), the metrics introduced in the proposed tool can automatically measure the quality of auto-abstracts. Evidently, we can't semantically compare texts of abstractive summaries by comparison of just their words' appearance. So it is necessary to use a lexical database such as WordNet. We use FerdowsNet with a proper idea for Farsi language and it notably improves the evaluation results. This tool has been assessed by linguistic experts. This tool contains metric for determining the quality of summaries automatically by comparing them with summaries generated by humans (Ideal summaries). Evidently, we can't semantically compare texts of abstractive summaries by comparison of just their words' appearance and it is necessary to use a lexical database. We use this database with a proper idea together with Farsi parser in order to identify groups forming sentences and the results of evaluation improve significantly.
Repeatability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in normally hearing humans.

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) at the frequency of 2f1-f2 were measured in one or both ears of 12 young adults during 4 test sessions over a 6-week period. The purpose was to determine the variability in DPOAE amplitudes and 'detection thresholds' over repeated measurements using a computer-based time-averaging system. DPOAEs were generated with f1 and f2 relative to (f1f2)1/2 in two basic paradigms: (a) fixed levels of L1 = L2 of 70 and 55 dB SPL over a stimulus range from 0.8 to 8 kHz in 0.2-octave intervals; (b) input-output functions in stimulus regions of 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz, L1 from 35 to 70 dB SPL changing in 5-dB steps and L2 at 6 dB below the amplitude of L1. The mean variability of DPOAE amplitudes with equilevel stimuli was 1.8 dB (SD = 1.8) for L1 = 70 dB SPL and 2.9 dB (SD = 2.7) for L1 = 55 dB SPL. It was 1.7 dB (SD = 1.7) and 2.4 dB (SD = 2.0) for comparable levels of L1 with L2 at 6 dB below L1. Variability in amplitude of the DPOAEs for the fixed-level condition was greatest overall above 6 kHz and below 1 kHz and in the 2-kHz region for one third of the subjects. Neither individual differences in emission amplitudes nor the presence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions had a significant influence on the amount of amplitude variability within ears. Variability was not influenced by the length of time between measurements from 1 to 6 weeks. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of Neighbourhood Characteristics and Active Transport Mode Choice

One of the common aims of transport policy makers is to switch people’s travel to active transport. For this purpose, a variety of transport goals and investments should be programmed to increase the propensity towards active transport mode choice. This paper aims to investigate whether built environment features in neighbourhoods could enhance the odds of active transportation. The present study introduces an index measuring public transport accessibility (PTAI), and a walkability index along with socioeconomic variables to investigate mode choice behaviour. Using travel behaviour data, an ordered logit regression model is applied to examine the impacts of explanatory variables on walking trips. The findings indicated that high rates of active travel are consistently associated with higher levels of walking and public transport accessibility. Keywords—Active transport, public transport accessibility, walkability, ordered logit model.
Reliability issues in deep deep sub-micron technologies: time-dependent variability and its impact on embedded system design

In the future sub 45 nm regime, uncertainties would be way too high to be handled with existing worst-case design techniques without incurring significant penalties in terms of area/delay/energy. As a result, reliability becomes a great threat to the design of reliable complex digital systems-on-chip (SoC) implementations. This will require the development of novel reliability models at all three levels, namely device, circuit and system level. They should be capable of capturing the impact of the application functionality on the system as well as new design paradigms for embedded system design in order to build reliable systems using technology which will be largely unpredictable in nature. A shift toward technology-aware design solutions will be required to keep designing successful systems in future aggressively scaled technologies.
Definitions and goals of "self-directed learning" in contemporary medical education literature.

INTRODUCTION Self-directed learning (SDL) has been an essential issue in medical education due to the expansion of knowledge, accessibility to information and greater emphasis on reflection. If SDL in educational research lacks a clear definition, terminological confusion may hinder the application of the results to practice. The aim of this study was to review and categorise the various forms of SDL described in the contemporary literature. METHODS A search of Medline was conducted using the key word "self-directed learning". Articles published between 2000 and 2004 were extracted. Review articles, letters and articles from health profession education other than medical education, were excluded. Sixty-three articles were analysed in 2 stages: first, whether the definition of SDL is explicitly described was investigated and next, contents in the articles on SDL were qualitatively analysed using a framework approach. The concept of a compassionate-empathic physician, as developed by Carmel and Glick (1996), was used as the framework. RESULTS Only 5 articles (8.0%) had an explicit and concrete definition of SDL. Content analysis showed that 26 (50.0%) of the 52 articles dealt with SDL only in the scientific-technical dimension, 3 (5.8%) dealt with that only in the socio-emotional dimension and 23 (44.2%) did so in both dimensions. CONCLUSION Although many researchers use the term "self-directed learning", only a few clearly defined it to avoid semantic confusion. Scientific-technical goals tended to be discussed more frequently in SDL. From a patient-centred viewpoint, socio-emotional goals should be stressed more.
A longitudinal investigation of the relationship between maternal mind-mindedness and theory of mind.

Data are presented from a longitudinal investigation examining the relationship between maternal mind-mindedness (MM) in infancy and socio-cognitive development in childhood. We revisited children (n = 18) who had taken part in a longitudinal study as infants. MM had been assessed at 10, 12, 16, and 20 months of age. We followed up these children at 5-6 years of age to test their higher order theory of mind (ToM) (using the strange stories task). The convergent validity, temporal stability, and predictive validity of the construct of MM were examined in a longitudinal data set. The five measures of MM were not significantly correlated. Mother's production of appropriate mind-related comments (but no other measures) showed evidence of temporal stability throughout infancy. Thus, MM (as measured by appropriate mind-related comments) was confirmed as a stable construct. Children's ToM at 5-6 years of age was significantly predicted by their mother's MM up to 4 years earlier, with MM accounting for 40% of the variance of the strange stories task scores. These findings identify a relationship between MM across a protracted period of infancy and socio-cognitive development at 5-6 years of age.
Pitch accent distribution in German infant-directed speech

Infant-directed speech exhibits slower speech rate, higher pitch and larger f0 excursions than adult-directed speech. Apart from these phonetic properties established in many languages, little is known on the intonational phonological structure in individual languages, i.e. pitch accents and boundary tones and their frequency distribution. Here, we investigated the intonation of infant-directed speech in German. We extracted all turns from the CHILDES database directed towards infants younger than one year (n=585). Two annotators labeled pitch accents and boundary tones according to the autosegmental-metrical intonation system GToBI. Additionally, the tonal movement surrounding the accentual syllable was analyzed. Main results showed a) that 45% of the words carried a pitch accent, b) that phrases ending in a low tone were most frequent, c) that H* accents were generally more frequent than L* accents, d) that H*, L+H* and L* are the most frequent pitch accent types in IDS, and e) that a pattern consisting of an accentual low-pitched syllable preceded by a low tone and followed by a rise or a high tone constitutes the most frequent single pattern. The analyses reveal that the IDS intonational properties lead to a speech style with many tonal alternations, particularly in the vicinity of accented syllables.
Techniques & tools for using color in computer interface design

Contemporary computers predominantly employ graphical user interfaces (GUIS) and colour is a major componenet of the GUI. Every man-machine interface is composed of two major parts:the man and the machine [4]. Color interfaces are no different in that they are also based on two parts, the Human visual system (HVS) and a color display system. A theoretical examination of these two components establishes a foundation for developing practical guidelines for color interfaces. This paper will briefly examine theoretical aspects of both components and established techniques and tools for the effective use of color for software interface design.