Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Approach Classification of Remote Sensing Images

The use of a hybrid approach classification, which combines pixels and objects, has been shown to be suitable for the identification of Landscape Units that contain a variety of land cover objects using VHSR images. However, the pixel-based classification of remote sensing images performed with different classifiers usually produces different results. With the combination of the outputs of a set of classifiers it is possible to obtain a classification that is often more accurate than the individual classifications. In this paper the author analyzes if the use of an output combination of a set of soft classifiers in a hybrid approach classification, can improve the accuracy of the results. To this end, a hybrid classification method was developed that includes the following steps: 1) pixel-based soft classification; 2) computation of the classification uncertainty; 3) development of rules to combine the soft classifications, which incorporate the information provided by the previous pixel-based classification and the results given by the uncertainty measure 4) image segmentation; and 5) object classification based on decision rules which include the results of the combined soft pixel-based classification and its uncertainty. The proposed methodology was applied to an IKONOS image. The overall accuracy of the hybrid approach classification obtained with the proposed methodology was higher than the ones obtained with the individual pixel-based classifications, which shows that the methodology is promising and may be used to increase hybrid classification accuracy.
A Data Model for Distributed Scientific Visualization

1 Introduction New data gathering and data generation tools have created an explosion in the amount of data available to scientists. The existence of such large amounts of data provides opportunities that have not previously been possible, but the dataset sizes present major obstacles to understanding and interpreting the significant underlying phenomena represented in the data. This problem is particularly apparent when we try to develop tools for allowing the scientist to visualize the data in a form that may provide insight. Even relatively modest size data sets can have orders of magnitude more information than can possibly be displayed at one time.
Recurrent conditioning in the cat spinal cord. Differential effect of meprobamate on recurrent facilitation and inhibition.

The action of cumulative doses of meprobamate on antidromic conditioning has been studied in spinal cats. Recurrent facilitation is greatly reduced or completely abolished by total doses ranging from 210 to 400 mg. /kg. The depth of recurrent inhibition is not affected in a consistent manner by meprobamate, but the duration of inhibition is markedly increased in all experiments. This differential action of meprobamate on facilitation and inhibition can be utilized to study conditioning effects consisting of combined inhibition and facilitation. If conditioning starts with an inhibitory phase, variable in duration, followed by facilitation, meprobamate depresses the facilitation and reveals an extended inhibitory curve. Facilitation, however, is not always accompanied by inhibition, since in some cases facilitation is depressed and no inhibition is uncovered. The results of these experiments are discussed in relation to the various types of conditioning that have been produced by antidromic stimulation.
Global Effects of Local Human Population Density and Distance to Markets on the Condition of Coral Reef Fisheries

Coral reef fisheries support the livelihoods of millions of people but have been severely and negatively affected by anthropogenic activities. We conducted a systematic review of published data on the biomass of coral reef fishes to explore how the condition of reef fisheries is related to the density of local human populations, proximity of the reef to markets, and key environmental variables (including broad geomorphologic reef type, reef area, and net productivity). When only population density and environmental covariates were considered, high variability in fisheries conditions at low human population densities resulted in relatively weak explanatory models. The presence or absence of human settlements, habitat type, and distance to fish markets provided a much stronger explanatory model for the condition of reef fisheries. Fish biomass remained relatively low within 14 km of markets, then biomass increased exponentially as distance from reefs to markets increased. Our results suggest the need for an increased science and policy focus on markets as both a key driver of the condition of reef fisheries and a potential source of solutions.
COMPLEXITY OF VAPNIK-CHERVONENKIS CLASSES OF SEQUENCES WITH LONG REPETITIVE RUNS

The Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension and the Sauer-Shelah lemma have found applications in numerous areas including set theory, combinatorial geometry, graph theory and statistical learning theory. Estimation of the complexity of discrete structures associated with the search space of algorithms often amounts to estimating the cardinality of a simpler class which is eﬀectively induced by some restrictive property of the search. In this paper we study the complexity of Boolean-function classes of ﬁnite VC-dimension which satisfy a local ‘smoothness’ property expressed as having long runs of repeated values. As in Sauer’s lemma, a bound is obtained on the cardinality of such classes.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase and its closely related kinase genes in Capsicum annuum

As Ca2+ sensors and effectors, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental cues. However, no CDPKs have been characterized in Capsicum annuum thus far. Herein, a genome wide comprehensive analysis of genes encoding CDPKs and CDPK-related protein kinases (CRKs) was performed in pepper, a total of 31 CDPK genes and five closely related kinase genes were identified, which were phylogenetically divided into four distinct subfamilies and unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes. Conserved sequence and exon-intron structures were found to be shared by pepper CDPKs within the same subfamily, and the expansion of the CDPK family in pepper was found to be due to segmental duplication events. Five CDPKs in the C. annuum variety CM334 were found to be mutated in the Chiltepin variety, and one CDPK present in CM334 was lost in Chiltepin. The majority of CDPK and CRK genes were expressed in different pepper tissues and developmental stages, and 10, 12, and 8 CDPK genes were transcriptionally modified by salt, heat, and Ralstonia solanacearum stresses, respectively. Furthermore, these genes were found to respond specifically to one stress as well as respond synergistically to two stresses or three stresses, suggesting that these CDPK genes might be involved in the specific or synergistic response of pepper to salt, heat, and R. solanacearum. Our results lay the foundation for future functional characterization of pepper CDPK and its closely related gene families.
Is the Link Between Games and Aggression More About the Player, Less About the Game?

In fall 2015, the American Psychological Association (APA, 2015) released a new policy statement that acknowledged violent video games cannot be linked to criminal violence but that argued they could be linked to milder aggression. The task force chair, Mark Appelbaum, described the evidence linking violence to aggression as “one of the most studied and best established in the field. ” But is it? The task force itself had been controversial, often criticized for its lack of transparency and apparent member biases (Wofford, 2015). Two members had previously signed an amicus brief supporting efforts to regulate violent video games in a US Supreme Court case (Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association, 2011). One had coauthored a report attempting to link video games and other media to mass shootings. One had signed another statement that linked media violence to societal violence following the 2012 Sandy Hook shooting. The appearance that the 2015 APA task force had been stacked from the start led 238 scholars to write an open letter to the APA in 2013 asking it to retire the task force’s policy statements (Consortium of Scholars, 2013). Unfortunately, the APA task force made no known effort to initiate a dialog with these 238 scholars to learn of their concerns. Thus, this is a “hot” topic. Although they have been around for decades, video games are still a relatively new form of media compared to books, movies, and television. New media often are at the center of moral concerns, particularly when younger people adopt them to greater degrees than do older people. At the same time, the public often searches for answers as to why bad things happen in society. Older adults, in particular, may be keen to link perceived (although sometimes imaginary) youth problems to pop culture. Age is now well established as a predictor of negative beliefs about video games in the general populace (Przybylski, 2014), clinicians (Ferguson, 2015a), and scholars (Ferguson & Colwell, 2015).
Higher Education Selection using Simple Additive Weighting

The process of selecting a college should be based on the capabilities and needs of the community. When society is faced with a large selection of college criteria and most societies are confused about choosing the appropriate college for themselves and the job demands. From this it was made a decision support system aimed at helping the community to choose a college that suits the ability and demands of the work. Decision support system plays a role in helping people get the right recommendations in the selection of universities. This decision support system is also designed to help the community to choose a college that suits their needs so that the public is not confused because of the many criteria of universities faced by the community because the admin already has recommendations according to the needs of the community by using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method.
Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions

The presence of fault-plane reflections in seismic images, besides indicating the locations of faults, offers a possible source of information on the properties of these poorly understood zones. To better understand the physical mechanism giving rise to fault-plane reflections in compacting sedimentary basins, we numerically model the full elastic wavefield via the spectral element method (SEM) for several different fault models. Using well log data from the South Eugene Island field, offshore Louisiana, we derive empirical relationships between the elastic parameters (e.g. P-wave velocity and density) and the effective–stress along both normal compaction and unloading paths. These empirical relationships guide the numerical modelling and allow the investigation of how differences in fluid pressure modify the elastic wavefield. We choose to simulate the elastic wave equation via SEM since irregular model geometries can be accommodated and slip boundary conditions at an interface, such as a fault or fracture, are implemented naturally. The method we employ for including a slip interface retains the desirable qualities of SEM in that it is explicit in time and, therefore, does not require the inversion of a large matrix. We perform a complete numerical study by forward modelling seismic shot gathers over a faulted earth model using SEM followed by seismic processing of the simulated data. With this procedure, we construct post-stack time-migrated images of the kind that are routinely interpreted in the seismic exploration industry. We dip filter the seismic images to highlight the fault-plane reflections prior to making amplitude maps along the fault plane. With these amplitude maps, we compare the reflectivity from the different fault models to diagnose which physical mechanism contributes most to observed fault reflectivity. To lend physical meaning to the properties of a locally weak fault zone characterized as a slip interface, we propose an equivalent-layer model under the assumption of weak scattering. This allows us to use the empirical relationships between density, velocity and effective stress from the South Eugene Island field to relate a slip interface to an amount of excess pore-pressure in a fault zone.
Consistent-Labeling Problems and Their Algorithms

Two new classes of theories have been developed giving the expected complexities of three Consistent-Labeling Problem (CLP), or Constraint-Satisfaction, algorithms: Backtracking, Forward Checking and Word-wise Forward Checking. Apart from giving the exact expected complexity for these algorithms for the underlying CLP distribution and domain, these theories provide useful approximations for the complexity of solving essentially any individual CLP. Given this, and the fact that the theories can reflect changes in complexity due to changes in the ordering of variables used in the search, these theories have the potential to afford significant savings for any individual CLP, by predicting, prior to search, good orderings for use in solving that CLP. We are concurrently developing improved CLP algorithms based on this and similar ordering effects.
Palindromes in Finite Groups

In this work, we begin by giving an overview of some topics in group theory, namely semidirect products, nilpotent groups and wreath products. We use wreath products to prove Schur’s theorem which says that if the order and index of a normal subgroup A of a group G are relatively prime, then the A has a complement in G. Next, we introduce the notion of a civic group: a group with the property that every subset which is closed under taking palindromes is a subgroup. We prove that civic groups satisfy the property that its palindromic width is equal to one and then we reduce the classification of civic groups to the odd order case. More precisely, we show that every civic group is a direct product of a cyclic 2-group and a civic group of odd order. Further, we show that a minimal group of odd order having palindromic width greater than 1 is a semidirect product of two elementary abelian groups, or a p-group. This is also the form of the minimal non-civic groups of odd order. Finally, we show that for solving the so-called Magnus-Derek game [6, 8] on general finite groups, it suffices to consider the odd order case. We give a solution of the game for civic groups of odd order, as well as other groups having sufficiently large subgroups. Moreover, we make progress on the solution of the game in general groups by giving a solution in terms of a maximal subset closed under taking palindromes. We conjecture that such subsets can in fact always be chosen to be subgroups, but that question remains open for now.
SPEECH ENHANCEMENT FROM INTERFERING SOUNDS USING CASA TECHNIQUES AND BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION

In this paper we propose novel biologically plausible model for segregation of one dominant speaker from the other concurrent speakers and environmental noise in real cocktailparty scenario. The developed method integrates two powerful techniques: computational scene analysis (CASA) and blind source separation (BSS) technique with bandpass preprocessing. Since each of these techniques applied alone has same limitations and drawbacks, we combine both methods in order to obtain improved performance. The computers simulations results show good performance for real room recordings, especially for the case where mixing convolutive (reverberant) system cannot be inverted by any of these method itself.
A Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Next-Generation Population Genomics

The demography of populations and natural selection shape genetic variation across the genome and understanding the genomic consequences of these evolutionary processes is a fundamental aim of population genetics. We have developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to quantify genome-wide population structure and identify candidate genetic regions affected by selection. This model improves on existing methods by accounting for stochastic sampling of sequences inherent in next-generation sequencing (with pooled or indexed individual samples) and by incorporating genetic distances among haplotypes in measures of genetic differentiation. Using simulations we demonstrate that this model has a low false-positive rate for classifying neutral genetic regions as selected genes (i.e., ϕST outliers), but can detect recent selective sweeps, particularly when genetic regions in multiple populations are affected by selection. Nonetheless, selection affecting just a single population was difficult to detect and resulted in a high false-negative rate under certain conditions. We applied the Bayesian model to two large sets of human population genetic data. We found evidence of widespread positive and balancing selection among worldwide human populations, including many genetic regions previously thought to be under selection. Additionally, we identified novel candidate genes for selection, several of which have been linked to human diseases. This model will facilitate the population genetic analysis of a wide range of organisms on the basis of next-generation sequence data.
Design, development and evaluation of novel nanoemulsion formulations for transdermal potential of celecoxib

Design, development and evaluation of novel nanoemulsion formulations for transdermal potential of celecoxib The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of nanoemulsion formulations for transdermal delivery of celecoxib (CXB). The in vitro skin permeation profile of optimized formulations was compared with CXB gel and nanoemulsion gel. Significant increase in the steady state flux (Jss), permeability coefficient (Kp) and enhancement ratio (Er) was observed in nanoemulsion formulations T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). The highest value of these permeability parameters was obtained in formulation T2, which consisted of 2% (m/m) of CXB, 10% (m/m) of oil phase (Sefsol 218 and Triacetin), 50% (m/m) of surfactant mixture (Tween-80 and Transcutol-P) and 40% (m/m) water. The anti-inflammatory effects of formulation T2 showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in inhibition after 24 h compared to CXB gel and nanoemulsion gel on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. These results suggested that nanoemulsions are potential vehicles for improved transdermal delivery of CXB. Dizajn, razvoj i vrednovanje novih nanoemulzija za transdermalnu primjenu celekoksiba U radu su opisana ispitivanja nanoemulzija za transdermalnu primjenu celekoksiba (CXB). Profil permeacije kroz kožu ispitivan je in vitro i uspoređivan sa CXB gelom i nanoemulzijskim gelom. U formulacijama T1 i T2 postignuto je značajno povećanje ustaljenog fluksa (Jss), koeficijenta permeabilnosti (Kp) i povećanje omjera (Er) (p < 0.05). Najveće vrijednosti parametara permeabilnosti dobivene su u formulaciji T2 koja je sadržala 2% m/m CXB, 10% m/m uljne faze (Sefsol 218 i Triacetin), 50% m/m površinski-aktivnih tvari (Tween-80 i Transcutol-P) i 40% m/m vode. Protuupalno djelovanje formulacije T2 na edem šape štakora uzrokovan karageninom značajno je povećano (p < 0.05) poslije 24 h u usporedbi sa CXB gelom i nanoemulzijskim gelom. Rezultati ukazuju na poboljšanu isporuku celekoksiba putem nanoemulzija.
Computer-Based Accounting Systems: The Case of Manufacturing-Based Small and Medium Enterprises in the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia

Kajian ini menguji status penggunaan sistem perakaunan berkomputer (CBAS) di kalangan industri kecil dan sederhana di Wilayah Utara Semenanjung Malaysia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap penggunaan CBAS adalah melebihi sembilan puluh peratus. Walau bagaimanapun, CBAS yang digunapakai pada umumnya adalah di peringkat asas yang mana majoriti syarikat hanya menggunakan CBAS untuk tempoh enam tahun atau kurang. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tempoh penggunaan CBAS berhubung langsung secara positif dengan kualiti keseluruhan CBAS. Hasil kajian juga mendapati hubungan di antara kematangan kepenggunaan CBAS dan usia sesebuah syarikat adalah berkait rapat pada arah positif. Walau bagaimanapun, dapatan kajian tidak menemui kesan positif usia dan saiz perniagaan dengan bentuk pemilikan ke atas pengunaan CBAS. Kata kunci: Penggunaan sistem perakaunan berkomputer, teknologi maklumat, industri kecil dan sederhana This study investigates the status of computer-based accounting systems (CBAS) adoption among small and medium manufacturing firms (SMEs) in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Results show that over ninety percent of the firms have adopted CBAS. The adoption of CBAS, however, is still at the beginning stage as majority of the firms only adopted CBAS in the last six years or less and the depth of the CBAS system adopted is behind that of industrialized countries. The results showed that years of adoption are positively correlated with the overall quality of the CBAS adopted. Further investigations on the relationships between CBAS use items and factors that were expected to affect CBAS use indicate that the maturity stage of CBAS adoption was significantly positively correlated with age of business. However, the results did not find evidence supporting previous research that argued age and size of the firms as well as the type of ownership influence the adoption of CBAS. Key words: Adoption of computerized accounting systems, information technology, small and medium enterprises
Application of new balloon catheters in the treatment of congenital heart defects

Introduction Balloon angioplasty (BAP) and aortic or pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (BAV, BPV) are well-established treatment options in congenital heart defects. Recently, significant technological progress has been made and new catheters have been implemented in clinical practice. Aim To analyze the results of BAP, BAV and BPV with the new balloon catheter Valver and its second generation Valver II, which the company Balton (Poland) launched and developed. These catheters have not been clinically evaluated yet. Material and methods We performed 64 interventions with Valver I and Valver II. With Valver I the following procedures were performed: 17 BPV (including 9 in tetralogy of Fallot – TOF), 10 BAV and 27 BAP in coarctations of the aorta (CoA) – including 9 native and 18 after surgery. With Valver II ten interventions were done – 3 BPV, 2 pulmonary supravalvular BAP (after switch operations), 2 BAP of recoarctations and 3 other BAP. Age of the patients ranged from a few days to 40 years. Results All procedures were completed successfully, without rupture of any balloon catheters. The pressure gradient drop was statistically significant in all groups: BPV in isolated pulmonary valvular stenosis 28.1 mm Hg (mean), BPV in TOF 18.7 mm Hg, BAV 32.8 mm Hg, BAP in native CoA 15.4 mm Hg and in recoarctations 18.6 mm Hg. In 3 cases during rapid deflation of Valver I, wrinkles of the balloons made it impossible to insert the whole balloon into the vascular sheath (all were removed surgically from the groin). No such complication occured with Valver II. Conclusions Valver balloon catheters are an effective treatment modality in different valvular and vascular stenoses.