Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticonvulsant Mechanisms of the Ketogenic Diet

Summary: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a broadly effective treatment for medically refractory epilepsy. Despite nearly a century of use, the mechanisms underlying its clinical efficacy remain unknown. In this review, we present one intersecting view of how the KD may exert its anticonvulsant activity against the backdrop of several seemingly disparate mechanistic theories. We summarize key insights gleaned from experimental and clinical studies of the KD, and focus particular attention on the role that ketone bodies, fatty acids, and limited glucose may play in seizure control. Chronic ketosis is anticipated to modify the tricarboxcylic acid cycle to increase GABA synthesis in brain, limit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and boost energy production in brain tissue. Among several direct neuro‐inhibitory actions, polyunsaturated fatty acids increased after KD induce the expression of neuronal uncoupling proteins (UCPs), a collective up‐regulation of numerous energy metabolism genes, and mitochondrial biogenesis. These effects further limit ROS generation and increase energy production. As a result of limited glucose and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, reduced glycolytic flux is hypothesized to activate metabolic KATP channels and hyperpolarize neurons and/or glia. Although it is unlikely that a single mechanism, however well substantiated, will explain all of the diet's clinical benefits, these diverse, coordinated changes seem poised to stabilize synaptic function and increase the resistance to seizures throughout the brain.
Regional Distribution and Developmental Variation of the Glycine Transporters GLYT1 and GLYT2 in the Rat CNS

The high‐affinity glycine transporter in neurons and glial cells is the primary means of inactivating synaptic glycine. Previous molecular cloning studies have indicated heterogeneity of glycine transporters in the CNS. Here the distribution of glycine transporter GLYT1 and GLYT2 transcripts and proteins in different regions and developmental stages of the rat brain were analysed by Northern, Western and in situ hybridization techniques. Sequence‐specific riboprobes and two specific antibodies raised against fusion proteins were used, containing either 76 or 193 amino acids of the C or N terminus of the GLTY1 and GLYT2 transporters respectively. High levels of GLYT1 transcripts were found in the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum, and moderate levels in forebrain regions such as the cortex or hippocampus. GLYT2 transcripts are restricted to the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum. The onset of both GLYT1 and GLYT2 expression in the brainstem occurred in late fetal life, and full expression of these proteins was observed before weaning. There was a stepwise increase in the levels of mRNA and protein for these two transporters, reaching a maximum by the second postnatal week, followed by a slight decrease until adult values were reached by the fourth postnatal week. These data reveal interesting parallelism between the distribution of different glycine transporters and glycine receptor subunits, and suggest discrete roles for distinct glycine transporters.
Sulfurovum aggregans sp. nov., a hydrogen-oxidizing, thiosulfate-reducing chemolithoautotroph within the Epsilonproteobacteria isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney, and an emended description of the genus Sulfurovum.

A novel mesophilic, strictly hydrogen-oxidizing, sulfur-, nitrate- and thiosulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain Monchim33(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney at the Central Indian Ridge. The non-motile, rod-shaped cells were Gram-stain-negative and non-sporulating. Growth was observed between 15 and 37 °C (optimum 33 °C; 3.2 h doubling time) and between pH 5.4 and 8.6 (optimum pH 6.0). The isolate was a strictly anaerobic chemolithoautotroph capable of using molecular hydrogen as the sole energy source and carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel isolate belonged to the genus Sulfurovum and was closely related to Sulfurovum sp. NBC37-1 and Sulfurovum lithotrophicum 42BK(T) (95.6 and 95.4 % similarity, respectively). DNA-DNA hybridization demonstrated that the novel isolate could be differentiated genotypically from Sulfurovum sp. NBC37-1 and Sulfurovum lithotrophicum. On the basis of the molecular and physiological traits of the new isolate, the name Sulfurovum aggregans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Monchim33(T) ( = JCM 19824(T) = DSM 27205(T)).
What Bandwagons Bring: Effects of Popular Management Techniques on Corporate Performance, Reputation, and CEO Pay

This paper examines some of the important organizational consequences of popular management techniques. Using informational reports on quality, empowerment, and teams, as well as a measure of the implementation of total quality management programs, we found that companies associated with popular management techniques did not have higher economic performance. Nevertheless, these same companies were more admired, perceived to be more innovative, and rated higher in management quality. Higher pay was also given to chief executives when their companies were associated with these management trends. These results provide strong support for institutional theory, demonstrating how both internal and external legitimacy can be gained by using popular management techniques. They also extend institutional theory from its usual emphasis on organization-environment relations to new within-firm dynamics.
ISO 9001:2000 implementation in the Greek food sector

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the implementation of the ISO 9001:2000 standard in the food sector in Greece.Design/methodology/approach – Research was conducted in 97 Greek food companies certified to ISO 9001:2000, using the questionnaire method and aimed at examining the reasons for certification, the difficulties in implementing the standard, the benefits of certification and their relationships. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis was applied to define the main constructs of reasons‐benefits‐difficulties and to explore their relationships.Findings – Results showed that the major reasons for certification, unlike benefits, concern firstly the internal business environment and then the external one and no particular difficulties were observed during the standard implementation. Achieving internal (external) benefits is positively affected by the existence of internal (external) reasons and negatively affected by the difficulties to meet .
Eco-labels and Schemes: A Requisitely Holistic Proof of Tourism's Social Responsibility?

Tourism belongs to the ‘affluent society/economy phase’, which in crisis requires more social responsibility (SR) in general to overcome it. Tourism forms one of the biggest global economic sectors; it is crucial that tourism businesses and their developing and commercial projects maintain high standards of SR, that is, ethic of interdependence, requisite holism and systemic behavior, including responsibility for impacts on society. This contribution presents a brief analysis of the need for and the benefits of eco certificates and sustainability schemes for tourism (being often considered as important proofs of SR). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting performance of extreme‐value volatility estimators

This study evaluates the forecasting performance of extreme‐value volatility estimators for the equity‐based Nifty Index using two‐scale realized volatility. This benchmark mitigates the effect of microstructure noise in the realized volatility. Extreme‐value estimates with relatively simple forecasting methods provide substantially better short‐term and long‐term forecasts, compared to historical volatility. The higher efficiency of extreme‐value estimators is primarily responsible for this improvement. The extent of possible improvement in forecasts is likely to be economically significant for applications like options pricing. By including extremevalue estimators, the forecasting performance of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) can also be improved. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27: 1085–1105, 2007
Search Unemployment with On-the-job Search

This paper introduces on-the-job search into the model of search equilibrium that builds on the concept of the matching function and non-cooperative wage behavior. On-the-job search takes place only at short job tenures because of the accumulation of job-specific human capital. The model of search equilibrium retains familiar structure but yields new results. The most interesting is an increase in cyclical volatility of job vacancies and a dampening in that of unemployment, because of induced changes in the composition of jobs and the number of employed job seekers.
Inhibitors: our greatest challenge. Can we minimize the incidence?

Development of alloantibodies against infused factor VIII (FVIII) is the most significant complication of haemophilia care today. Antibodies inactivate the procoagulant activity of FVIII and inhibit patients' response to replacement therapy. As inhibitors tend to develop early in the course of FVIII treatment, the challenge is to bring patients through the critical early phase of FVIII exposure without inhibitor development as the subsequent risk is much lower. Disease severity, major FVIII gene defects, family history and non‐Caucasian race are major risk factors for inhibitor development. Other variables thought to play a role in inhibitor formation include age at first treatment, intensity of early treatment, use of prophylaxis and product choice [especially recombinant vs. plasma‐derived von Willebrand factor (VWF)‐containing concentrates]. As these treatment‐related variables are modifiable, they provide opportunity to minimize inhibitor incidence at the clinical level. At present, most data regarding inhibitor development derive from retrospective studies, registry reviews, small case series and uncontrolled studies. Findings have often been conflicting, which precludes drawing definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, some clarity is beginning to emerge. Intensity of early treatment appears to be a stronger risk factor for inhibitor development than timing of first treatment. Controlled early antigen presentation via prophylaxis looks promising, particularly in conjunction with strategies to avoid immunological danger signals, but the timing of introduction and optimal regimen are not yet known. Several reports suggest that plasma‐derived VWF‐containing FVIII concentrates are less immunogenic than recombinant or VWF‐free plasma‐derived concentrates, but this is awaiting confirmation in the ongoing prospective Survey of Inhibitors in Plasma‐Product Exposed Toddlers study.
Yield-reliability modeling for fault tolerant integrated circuits

An integrated yield-reliability model for defect tolerant integrated circuits is presented that allows one to estimate the yield following both wafer probe and burn-in testing. The model is based on the long observed clustering of defects and the experimentally verified relation between defects causing wafer probe failures and defects causing infant mortality failures. The two-parameter negative binomial distribution is used to describe the distribution of defects over a semiconductor wafer. The clustering parameter /spl alpha/, while known to play a key role in accurately determining wafer probe yields of defect tolerant chips, is shown for the first time. to play a similar role in determining burn-in fall-out. Numerical results indicate that the number of infant mortality failures predicted by the clustering model can differ significantly from calculations that ignore clustering.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH IN CANADA

For estimates of the wealth distribution Canada depends on household surveys taken at 6–7 year intervals. The latest data from this source refer to household balance sheets in the spring of 1977. A comparison with 1970 shows that there is little change in the composition of wealth held by households but that inequality of the wealth distribution has been somewhat reduced. Wealth data by age of family head is presented in order to describe more fully the wealth distribution and composition in Canada. Weaknesses in the data are discussed as well as the difficulties of making appropriate adjustments to the data at the micro record level. For policy evaluation and formulation purposes the lack of comprehensive estimates inclusive of pension wealth as well as the small sample size (12,700 usable records) have been perceived as greater obstacles to utilizing the data than the underestimate in aggregate assets and debts which affects more the higher than the middle and lower ranges of the wealth distribution.
Twinning rate in Norwegian cattle: frequency, (co)variance components, and genetic trends.

The overall twinning rate was shown to increase from . 6% in the first parity to 4.0% in the sixth parity, and a positive phenotypic trend for twinning rate was observed during the time period considered (1978 to 1995). The distribution of bulls according to the average percentage of multiple births of daughters in first and second parity showed that some bulls had an extremely low twinning frequency and others exceeded the population mean by approximately six times. (Co)variance components were estimated for twinning in first and second parities using a linear sire model. The analysis included either first- and second-crop daughters (1.4 and .9 million records for first- and second-parity cows, respectively) or first-crop daughters only (.6 and .4 million records for first- and second-parity cows, respectively) from 2,043 sires. Heritability estimates were . 7 to . 8% in the first parity and 2.8% in the second parity. The genetic correlation between twinning in the first and second parities was approximately 1. Part of the phenotypic trend observed can be explained by a genetic trend for twinning rate.
Nonvolatile Memristive Switching Characteristics of TiO$_{\bm 2}$  Films Embedded With Nickel Nanocrystals

Nickel nanocrystal (Ni-NC)-embedded titanium dioxide films have been deposited for nonvolatile resistive switching memory devices. The polycrystalline behavior of the films has been observed from the X-ray diffraction spectra. Tiny isolated Ni-NCs with an average size of 4 nm are observed for the 1000 °C, 5-min annealed samples. Stable, bipolar, nonvolatile, and bistable resistive switching states are observed for the optimized annealed Ni-NC-embedded devices with a low SET and RESET voltage of 0.8 and -0.2 V, respectively. A high resistance ratio (>;10), good stability, and retention properties are observed for the nanocrystal sample. The role of thin Ni-NC layer on memory switching stability is discussed.
Network benefits of large advanced antenna systems

Antenna systems with many transceivers and antenna elements can achieve high system spectral efficiency by exploiting the multipath properties of the propagation channel. How to optimize the antenna properties such as number of antenna elements in the vertical and horizontal direction and antenna element separation is not obvious and relies very much on the assumption made about the channel. In this paper we investigate the dimensioning of large antenna arrays by mean of a tool based on the Winner II and Winner+ propagation models. The tool used in the simulations supports arbitrary antenna geometries with freely configurable 3D element patterns. In this article we present simulation results which show the impact of large antenna arrays on network performance for different antenna realizations.
Native American casino marketing on the web

Abstract The Internet and its component, the World Wide Web (WWW or Web), as well as the casino industry grew tremendously in the United States in the past decade. While there are various estimates about the future size of the Internet and the casino market, all agree that the two will continue to grow substantially. However, very few studies have discussed Internet use within the casino industry. This study reviewed 58 Class III Native American casino web sites. Content areas analyzed included introduction to the casino organization, local destination attractions, food and beverage services, accommodations, entertainment and recreation facilities, maps and directions to casinos, links to related commercial and regulatory agency web sites, and user friendliness. Web site features were evaluated based on marketing mix and principles.
A SELECTION FROM THE RESER CONGRESS IN GRANADA—Growth, Employment and Location of Services: New Trends in a Global World

RESER is an interdisciplinary European network of social scientists linked by a common interest in service industries, occupations and geographies. The annual RESER research conference has become the annual platform and meeting place for European researchers and policy makers working on service providers. It offers an opportunity for the exchange of ideas concerning the cutting edge of service research and is open to all researchers interested in the topic. The RESER 20051 conference was focused on the theme ‘Growth, Employment and Location of Services: New Trends in a Global World’. The conference dealt with three main issues: i) service competitiveness, ii) outsourcing, off shoring and delocalisation: implications for services and iii), challenges for public services in a global world.
[Does Sports Activity Influence Total Knee Arthroplasty Durability? Analysis with a Follow-Up of 12 Years].

Background Total knee replacement is the only surgical option to treat painful degenerative osteoarthritis, restore knee function, improve quality of life, and enable patients to return to sports activity. With an aging population expecting an active life after retirement, patients' expectations of improvement after surgery are increasing as well. In view of the growing demand for higher performance, exercise and athletic activity, clinicians have been increasingly forced to question how much athletic activity a patient may resume after total knee replacement, and what types of athletic activity seem to be acceptable. However, there is currently no consensus on the appropriate intensity of physical activity after total knee arthroplasty or how activity levels affect the rate of revision surgery. Patients, material and methods In a retrospective study with a follow-up period of 12 years, 130 patients were asked about their sport activities 22 months before and after total knee replacement. Based on their answers, the patients were divided into one sports group (group A) and one group without any sports activity (group B). Seven years after surgery the same patients were asked about their sports activity again, and 12 years postoperatively they were additionally asked about whether or not they underwent revision surgery. Results Twenty-two months after total knee replacement 88 (67.7 %) of the 130 patients practiced sports for a minimum of 3 times a week (group A), whereas 42 (32.3 %) patients reported that they practiced no sports (group B). In 2010 - 7 years postoperatively - 60 patients of group A and 27 patients of group B took part in the survey; their levels of sports activity had not changed over the previous 7 years. In 2015, 46 patients out of group A and 21 patients out of group B were questioned. We saw a revision rate of 15.2 % (7 out of 46 patients) in the group with continuous sports activity, whereas we found an increased revision rate of 23.8 % (5 out of 21 patients) in the group without any sports activity 12 years after total knee arthroplasty. Conclusion Our study showed that sports activity after total knee replacement led to a reduced revision rate in the sports group compared with the non-sports group. Therefore, more liberal recommendations should be given to patients regarding athletic activity after total knee arthroplasty. We conclude that moderate sports activities have no negative influence on total knee arthroplasty and may even lead to improved osteointegration with a decrease in osteolytic changes and less prosthesis loosening.
Inequality and stability

This paper analyzes how political stability depends on economic factors. Fluctuations in groups' economic capacities and in their abilities to engage in rent-seeking or predatory behavior create periodic incentives for those groups to renege on their social obligations. A constitution remains in force so long as no party wishes to defect to the noncooperative situation, and it is reinstituted as soon as each party finds it to its advantage to revert to cooperation. Partnerships of equals are easier to sustain than are arrangements in which one party is more powerful in some economic or noneconomic trait. In this sense, inequality is bad for social welfare. Surprisingly, perhaps, it is the rich, and not the poor segments of society who in our model pose the threat to the stability of the social order. Using cross-country data, we test and confirm the prediction that most constitutional disruptions should be accompanied by increases in income inequality.
Physical and acoustical properties of zooplankton.

The target strengths of marine zooplankton are often predicted from fluid sphere scattering models. These models require estimation of certain physical properties of the individual zooplankters: radius of the equivalent sphere, mass density, and either sound speed or compressibility. This report summarizes previously published measurements of these parameters and recent, unpublished data.
Market Distortions and Benefits from Research

The benefits from cost-reducing research and their distribution under a range of price policies are compared with those that would arise in the absence of the policies. While any price policy affects the distribution of research benefits, the net national or world benefits may be reduced, lef unchanged, or increased, depending on the nature of the policy and the significance of the country in the world market for the commodity. Some implications for decisions on price policies and for distortions in incentives for the allocation of resources to research are raised.
Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-jiadifenolide.

The first total synthesis of jiadifenolide (1), a potent neurotrophic modulator, has been reported. Highlights of the synthesis include: construction of the B ring via an asymmetric Robinson annulation; assembly of the E ring lactone via a novel acid-induced cascade reaction; and Pd(0)-mediated carbomethoxylation and methylation reactions for the construction of the C and A rings respectively.