Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Virtualization for Morphable Multi-Cores

In recent years we have observed a shift in processor architectures towards chips with multiple cores, thus avoiding the power and complexity walls. The increasing number of cores is leading to major challenges such as processor configuration and management of such complex hardware. In order to achieve a better match between the hardware and the demands of different applications and their phases of execution, future processors will have to offer cores with different specifications which could even change dynamically at run-time. To address these issues we envision that for future processors the hardware will be packaged along with a virtualization layer that hides the hardware complexity and at the same time monitors the application behavior as to transparently improve its performance at run-time. The virtualization layer must be built in a modular way. Extra features, such as mechanisms to improve the execution of an application (e.g. data prefetching), and support for heterogeneous architectures (e.g. system with accelerators) are implemented into the virtualization layer as separate plug-in modules. As a case-study we present the benefits of implementing a bandwidth-aware scheduler as a mechanism of the virtualization layer.
Extraction of correspondences in color coded pattern for the 3D reconstruction using structured light

This paper presents a methodology to extract correspondences on images of color patterns based on the De Bruijn sequence projected on static objects and surfaces with no specular highlights, decreasing in great number the problems with occlusions which appear with this pattern. The methodology aims to capture and process the image, the detection of changes in intensity between stripes of the pattern for each color channel R, G, B, a selective contextual algorithm and finally the comparison of neighbors to determine the similar regions. Experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed methodology identifies large number of correspondences in the images with a low error rate.
On Achievability for Downlink Cloud Radio Access Networks with Base Station Cooperation

This work investigates the downlink of cloud radio access networks (C-RANs), assuming digital cooperation links among the base stations (BSs). A generalization of the data-sharing scheme is proposed for the case of two BSs and two mobile users. The generalized data-sharing scheme includes a common part and allows full exploitation of correlation among auxiliary codewords. The cooperation links between the BSs are used to exchange and to redirect indices precomputed at the central processor. On the other hand, by simplifying the achievable rate region of the distributed decode-forward (DDF) scheme, it is shown that the DDF scheme for broadcast achieves the capacity region of a downlink $N$-BS $L$-user C- RAN with BS cooperation under the memoryless Gaussian model to within a gap of $\frac{L}{2}#x002B;\frac{\min\ {N,L\log_2 N\}}{2}$ bits per dimension. Numerical evaluations for the memoryless Gaussian model indicate that the generalized data-sharing scheme 1) outperforms the DDF scheme in the low-power regime and when the channel gain matrix is ill-conditioned and 2) benefits more from BS cooperation.
Semi-Automatic Indexing of Full Text Biomedical Articles

The main application of U.S. National Library of Medicine's Medical Text Indexer (MTI) is to provide indexing recommendations to the Library's indexing staff. The current input to MTI consists of the titles and abstracts of articles to be indexed. This study reports on an extension of MTI to the full text of articles appearing in online medical journals that are indexed for Medline. Using a collection of 17 journal issues containing 500 articles, we report on the effectiveness of the contribution of terms by the whole article and also by each section. We obtain the best results using a model consisting of the sections Results, Results and Discussion, and Conclusions together with the article's title and abstract, the captions of tables and figures, and sections that have no titles. The resulting model provides indexing significantly better (7.4%) than what is currently achieved using only titles and abstracts.
HASS: a scheduler for heterogeneous multicore systems

Future heterogeneous single-ISA multicore processors will have an edge in potential performance per watt over comparable homogeneous processors. To fully tap into that potential, the OS scheduler needs to be heterogeneity-aware, so it can match jobs to cores according to characteristics of both. We propose a Heterogeneity-Aware Signature-Supported scheduling algorithm that does the matching using per-thread architectural signatures, which are compact summaries of threads' architectural properties collected offline. The resulting algorithm does not rely on dynamic profiling, and is comparatively simple and scalable. We implemented HASS in OpenSolaris, and achieved average workload speedups of up to 13%, matching best static assignment, achievable only by an oracle. We have also implemented a dynamic IPC-driven algorithm proposed earlier that relies on online profiling. We found that the complexity, load imbalance and associated performance degradation resulting from dynamic profiling are significant challenges to using this algorithm successfully. As a result it failed to deliver expected performance gains and to outperform HASS.
Analyzing punishment: Scope and scale

In her article in this issue, Mary Bosworth remarks that the sociology of punishment, a field of study with considerable theoretical as well as political credentials, has in recent decades acted to revive the previously moribund subdiscipline of penology. But one wonders if current studies of punishment have revived penology or have instead killed it. The ‘new penology’ pioneered by Jonathan Simon and others was and remains, arguably, not a penology at all, but rather the beginning of a post-penological criminology. Significantly, other contributors proceed to document and analyze practices of state punishment without even mentioning the largely discredited term ‘penology’. The fact that there is no consensus on whether penology has been ‘revived’ or killed by the newer literature on punishment is in keeping with broader intellectual trends. Since the Enlightenment, intellectuals, in the universities and out of them, have been very keen to analyze the latest governing trend to appear on the horizon—such as (in recent years) ‘governing through freedom’, ‘the audit society’, ‘reflexive modernity’, or ‘the risk society’. But while providing sharp critical analyses of emerging trends, we have been, as a group, largely unwilling to take the time to document and reflect on the demise—or complete transformation—of the desires and hopes operationalized in older governing projects that (like penology) may be on their way out. The rather contemptuous attitude toward the past that marked the Enlightenment’s proclamations about the great future of reason and freedom is still with us, even if in keeping with the pessimist ethos of our time we tend to act as prophets of doom, rather than as poets of a new era. If we experiment with thinking with Hegel and Marx rather than with Voltaire and Tom Paine, and thus start by reflecting on the recent past rather than immediately proceed to
A Projector-camera Setup for Geometry-invariant Frequency Demultiplexing

Consider a projector-camera setup where a sinusoidal pattern is projected onto the scene, and an image of the objects imprinted with the pattern is captured by the camera. In this configuration, the local frequency of the sinusoidal pattern as seen by the camera is a function of both the frequency of the projected sinusoid and the local geometry of objects in the scene. We observe that, by strategically placing the projector and the camera in canonical configuration and projecting sinusoidal patterns aligned with the epipolar lines, the frequency of the sinusoids seen in the image becomes invariant to the local object geometry. This property allows us to design systems composed of a camera and multiple projectors, which can be used to capture a single image of a scene illuminated by all projectors at the same time, and then demultiplex the frequencies generated by each individual projector separately. We show how imaging systems like those can be used to segment, from a single image, the shadows cast by each individual projector – an application that we call coded shadow photography. The method is useful to extend the applicability of techniques that rely on the analysis of shadows cast by multiple light sources placed at different positions, as the individual shadows captured at distinct instants of time now can be obtained from a single shot, enabling the processing of dynamic scenes.
Performance evaluations for hybrid IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g wireless networks

The IEEE 802.11g standard has been proposed to enhance the data rate of wireless LAN connections up to 54 Mbps, while ensuring backward compatibility with legacy 802.11b devices at the same time. However, in a hybrid 802.11b/g network, the throughput of 802.11g devices is compromised because of not only the overhead to interoperate with 802.11b devices, but also the unbalanced medium contentions between devices with different versions of the standard. We propose a hybrid Markov-chain based model to quantify this throughput reduction effect in 802.11b/g mixed scenarios. The analytical model is further verified with simulations and field measurements under different station numbers, data rates, and data packet sizes. In addition, a simple frame-bursting technique is shown to balance the throughput between 802.11b and 802.11g stations.
Micro Reading with Priors : Towards Second Generation Machine Readers

Micro reading in machine reading can be compared to deep reading in human reading. Deep reading has been defined as a set of processes that enable comprehension and that include inferential and deductive reasoning, analogical skills, critical analysis, reflection, and insight. In this paper, we sketch what we envision to be a viable approach to micro reading. The proposed approach leverages the knowledge that has been acquired by the machine readers that have been developed to date.
Efficient 3G budget utilization in mobile participatory sensing applications

This paper explores efficient 3G budget utilization in mobile participatory sensing applications. 1 Distinct from previous research work that either rely on limited WiFi access points or assume the availability of unlimited 3G communication capability, we offer a more practical participatory sensing system that leverages potential 3G budgets that participants contribute at will, and uses it efficiently customized for the needs of multiple participatory sensing applications with heterogeneous sensitivity to environmental changes. We address the challenge that the information of data generation and WiFi encounters is not a priori knowledge, and propose an online decision making algorithm that takes advantage of participants' historical data. We also develop a heuristic algorithm to consume less energy and reduce the storage overhead while maintaining efficient 3G budget utilization. Experimental results from a 30-participant deployment demonstrate that, even when the budget is as small as 2.5% of a popular data plan, these two algorithms achieve higher utility of uploaded data compared to the baseline solution, especially, they increase the utility of received data by 151.4% and 137.8% for those sensitive applications.
The Theory of the Demand for Health Insurance

Conventional theory holds that moral hazard--the additional health care purchased as a result of becoming insured--is an opportunistic price response and is welfare-decreasing because the value of the additional health care purchased is less than its costs. The theory of the demand for health insurance presented here suggests that moral hazard is primarily an income transfer effect. In an estimation based on parameters from the literature, the value of moral hazard consumption is found to be 3 times greater than its costs, suggesting that income transfer effects dominate price effects and that moral hazard is welfare-increasing.
Salesperson Lone Wolf Tendencies: The Roles of Social Comparison and Mentoring in a Mediated Model of Performance

Despite contemporary shifts in sales organizations toward more collaborative work, the sales profession tends to comprise many individuals with a psychological preference to work alone, known as “lone wolf tendencies” (LWT). For this reason, theory about LWT has been almost exclusively developed in the sales literature. The current literature has largely assumed that lone wolfism is an innate characteristic, and results have been mixed with regard to the relationship between LWT and sales performance. This study considers an alternative to this prevailing assumption and proposes a nurture model of LWT in which one’s level of exposure to social workplace interactions (i.e., social comparison and career mentoring) may influence LWT. Our research questions are tested in a sample of 279 business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) salespeople using structural equation modeling. Results support our social learning-based hypotheses and reveal a positive association between LWT and job involvement and performance via the mechanism of concern over mistakes. These results suggest an extension to the current understanding of LWT at work and open a dialogue concerning the influence of social context on creating and reinforcing the lone wolf phenomenon.
Effect of Brain-to-Skull Conductivity Ratio on EEG Source Localization Accuracy

The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of the brain-to-skull conductivity ratio (BSCR) on EEG source localization accuracy. In this study, we evaluated four BSCRs: 15, 20, 25, and 80, which were mainly discussed according to the literature. The scalp EEG signals were generated by BSCR-related forward computation for each cortical dipole source. Then, for each scalp EEG measurement, the source reconstruction was performed to identify the estimated dipole sources by the actual BSCR and the misspecified BSCRs. The estimated dipole sources were compared with the simulated dipole sources to evaluate EEG source localization accuracy. In the case of considering noise-free EEG measurements, the mean localization errors were approximately equal to zero when using actual BSCR. The misspecified BSCRs resulted in substantial localization errors which ranged from 2 to 16 mm. When considering noise-contaminated EEG measurements, the mean localization errors ranged from 8 to 18 mm despite the BSCRs used in the inverse calculation. The present results suggest that the localization accuracy is sensitive to the BSCR in EEG source reconstruction, and the source activity can be accurately localized when the actual BSCR and the EEG scalp signals with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are used.
The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring.

Introduction. Part I: The Old Competition. 1. The American System. 2. Big Business: Mass Production and Managerial Hierarchy. 3. Big Business and Sector Regulation. 4. Comparative Theoretical Perspectives on the Firm. Part II: The New Competition. 5. The Entrepeneurial Firm in Japan. 6. Industrial Policy and Antitrust in Japan. 7. The Third Italy: Regional Cooperation and International Competition. 8. The Industrial District as Collective Entrepeneur. 9. The New Competition: Interpretations and Challenges.
Doença de Parkinson e Exercício Físico: Uma Revisão da Literatura

rESUMo introdução: A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença neurodegenerativa e idiopática, que afeta principalmente a população idosa, contudo acontecem casos em pessoas mais jovens. A DP proporciona um comprometimento nos neurônios dopaminérgicos da substância negra, ocasionando uma diminuição de dopamina no corpo estriado, provocando distúrbios em relação ao movimento. Os principais distúrbios do movimento das pessoas com DP são a bradicinesia, os tremores de repouso, a rigidez, a acinesia e os distúrbios posturais. A DP também pode causar alterações de ordem cognitiva e autonômica. Objetivo: Este estudo tem o objetivo de verificar os efeitos do exercício físico (EF) para as pessoas com DP, bem como entender os sintomas, o processo evolutivo da doença e suas implicações no movimento. Método: Revisão da literatura. Conclusão: Existem mais efeitos benéficos combinando o EF com medicamentos para o tratamento da doença do que apenas o uso dos medicamentos para o mesmo propósito. O EF tem um papel fundamental no tratamento da DP, pois ameniza e retarda o aparecimento dos principais sintomas da DP como a acinesia, a bradicinesia, distúrbios posturais e da marcha, rigidez muscular, além de diminuir a velocidade da degeneração neuronal. no entanto, percebe-se a necessidade da realização de mais estudos que enfoquem os efeitos dos diferentes tipos de exercícios que envolvam diferentes qualidades físicas e que atuem especificamente em determinados sintomas, bem como a interferência do processo medicamentoso nos principais distúrbios do movimento, para que se possa de maneira mais segura e eficaz, programar um protocolo de EF que auxilie no tratamento da doença.
Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III mutations in lung tumorigenesis and sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors

The tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva) have shown anti-tumor activity in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Dramatic and durable responses have occurred in NSCLC tumors with mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In contrast, these inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in glioblastoma, where a distinct EGFR mutation, the variant III (vIII) in-frame deletion of exons 2–7, is commonly found. In this study, we determined that EGFRvIII mutation was present in 5% (3/56) of analyzed human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but was not present in human lung adenocarcinoma (0/123). We analyzed the role of the EGFRvIII mutation in lung tumorigenesis and its response to tyrosine kinase inhibition. Tissue-specific expression of EGFRvIII in the murine lung led to the development of NSCLC. Most importantly, these lung tumors depend on EGFRvIII expression for maintenance. Treatment with an irreversible EGFR inhibitor, HKI-272, dramatically reduced the size of these EGFRvIII-driven murine tumors in 1 week. Similarly, Ba/F3 cells transformed with the EGFRvIII mutant were relatively resistant to gefitinib and erlotinib in vitro but proved sensitive to HKI-272. These findings suggest a therapeutic strategy for cancers harboring the EGFRvIII mutation.
Affect-Based Evaluation and Regulation as Mediators of Behavior: The Role of Affect in Risk Taking, Helping and Eating Patterns

In this chapter we apply a unified theoretical conceptualization (see also Andrade, 2005) that includes both informational and goal-directed properties of affect to three important substantive research streams (risk taking, helping, eating patterns). These behaviors have not previously been brought together to observe their common affective underpinnings. We propose that the integration of these two established affective mechanisms (where informational aspects are treated as affective evaluation (AE) and goal-directed aspects are treated as affect regulation (AR)) can help us account for many of the findings linking affect to observed differences in these behavioral domains.
Einstein Observatory evidence for the widespread baryon overdensity in clusters of galaxies

We have analysed the X-ray surface brightness profiles of 19 luminous clusters of galaxies observed with the EINSTEIN Observatory. Our aim is to determine cluster gas masses out to radii between 1 and 3Mpc. S. White and Frenk used observations of the Coma cluster to show that the fraction of mass in gas exceeds that expected from predictions of the mean baryon fraction of the universe. We show here that the problem is common in clusters, and briefly discuss the implications.
Functional expression of AtHMA4, a P1B-type ATPase of the Zn/Co/Cd/Pb subclass.

Mechanisms are required by all organisms to maintain the concentration of essential heavy metals (e.g. Zn and Cu) within physiological limits and to minimise the detrimental effects of non-essential heavy metals (e.g. Cd). Heavy-metal P-type ATPases (HMAs) are a subgroup of the P-type ATPase superfamily that may contribute to metal homeostasis in plants. We cloned and characterised a member of this family, AtHMA4, from Arabidopsis thaliana that clusters with the Zn/Co/Cd/Pb subclass of HMAs on phylogenetic analysis. Sequencing of the AtHMA4 cDNA showed that it contained the conserved motifs found in all P-type ATPases and also motifs that are characteristic of heavy-metal ATPases. Escherichia coli mutants defective in the HMAs, CopA and ZntA, were used in functional complementation studies. AtHMA4 was able to restore growth at high [Zn] in the zntA mutant but not at high [Cu] in the copA mutant, suggesting a role in zinc transport. Heterologous expression of AtHMA4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae made the yeast more resistant to Cd but did not affect sensitivity to other metals compared with vector-transformed controls. The organ specificity of AtHMA4 was analysed in Arabidopsis and showed that AtHMA4 was expressed in a range of tissues with highest expression in roots. AtHMA4 was upregulated in roots exposed to elevated levels of Zn and Mn but downregulated by Cd. Possible physiological roles of this transporter in Arabidopsis are discussed.
Visual fixation patterns in optokinetic nystagmus

視運動性眼振は古くから臨床平衡機能検査に導入されているが, その解釈には種々の誤解を生じ易い. 筆者は視運動性眼振を具体的に評価判定できるためにOKN-SI法による固視パターン分析を行った. さらに視器, 末梢平衡神経, 中枢神経等の各部位の障害時にみられる視運動性眼振の特徴を把握し臨床検査に役立たせると共にこれらの部位の視運動性眼振解発に関する役割りについて検討を加えた. 視器異常例の観察より, 中心窩と中心窩近接部の共働により的確な視標への foveal keeping がなされ, 網膜周辺部は振盪野決定に関与し, 急速相側に偏位させると共に単独では一定のリズムで視運動性眼振解発をなすが, 中心窩及び中心窩近接部が主役をしめる foveal keeping をより円滑に遂行し得るよう助けることがわかった. 迷路異常における視運動性眼振は, 迷路性眼振と視運動性眼振の方向が一致しない場合視運動機能を抑制するが, 両眼振方向が一致する場合でも迷路刺激の量と視運動刺激の量との関連から, ある時は視運動機能に促進的に, またある時は視運動機能に抑制的に関与している. この傾向は実験例及び臨床例で類似する. 小脳障害, 脳幹障害, パーキンソン病等の中枢神経異常では, 常に RETINAL PATTERN の過反応等を示して視運動機能は低下するが, それぞれの障害群に一定の明確な特徴は見出されなかった.