Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CK 1 e Is Required for Breast Cancers Dependent on b-Catenin Activity

Background: Aberrant b-catenin signaling plays a key role in several cancer types, notably colon, liver and breast cancer. However approaches to modulate b-catenin activity for therapeutic purposes have proven elusive to date. Methodology: To uncover genetic dependencies in breast cancer cells that harbor active b-catenin signaling, we performed RNAi-based loss-of-function screens in breast cancer cell lines in which we had characterized b-catenin activity. Here we identify CSNK1E, the gene encoding casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1e) as required specifically for the proliferation of breast cancer cells with activated b-catenin and confirm its role as a positive regulator of b-catenin-driven transcription. Furthermore, we demonstrate that breast cancer cells that harbor activated b-catenin activity exhibit enhanced sensitivity to pharmacological blockade of Wnt/b-catenin signaling. We also find that expression of CK1e is able to promote oncogenic transformation of human cells in a b-catenin-dependent manner. Conclusions/Significance: These studies identify CK1e as a critical contributor to activated b-catenin signaling in cancer and suggest it may provide a potential therapeutic target for cancers that harbor active b-catenin. More generally, these observations delineate an approach that can be used to identify druggable synthetic lethal interactions with signaling pathways that are frequently activated in cancer but are difficult to target with the currently available small molecule inhibitors. Citation: Kim SY, Dunn IF, Firestein R, Gupta P, Wardwell L, et al. (2010) CK1e Is Required for Breast Cancers Dependent on b-Catenin Activity. PLoS ONE 5(2): e8979. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0008979 Editor: Mikhail V. Blagosklonny, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, United States of America Received October 8, 2009; Accepted January 11, 2010; Published February 1, 2010 Copyright: 2010 Kim et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported in part by a Department of Defense postdoctoral fellowship (S.Y.K.), the Brain Science Foundation and Warren-WhitmanRichardson Foundation (I.D.), K08 CA134836-01 from National Institutes of Health (NIH): Mentored Clinical Scientist Award and P50 CA127003: GI SPORE Career Development Grant (R.F.), R33 CA128625 (W.C.H.), R01 CA130988 (W.C.H.), Department of Defense Idea Award W81XWH-07-1-0408 (W.C.H.), Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center SPORE in Breast Cancer P50 CA89393 (S.R.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: William_Hahn@dfci.harvard. edu . These authors contributed equally to this work.
Emotional expression in husbands and wives.

This study investigated the emotional expression and physiological reactivity of husbands and wives as they discussed a salient interpersonal issue. Emotional behavior of speaker and listener was coded from videotapes with the Couples Interaction Scoring System (CISS). The results indicated that wives' speech was characterized by less neutral and more negative behavior compared to husbands' speech. Wives also reciprocated their husbands' positive and negative speech, while husbands did not reciprocate their wives' speech. Finally, husbands had a greater tendency to display skin potential responses to their wives' negative speech than did wives in response to their husbands' negative speech. The pattern of results was discussed in relation to sex-role stereotypes for expressive behavior and to discharge models of emotion.
A Cell-Based Assay to Assess Hemichannel Function

Activation of connexin hemichannels is involved in the pathophysiology of disorders that include deafness, stroke, and cardiac infarct. This aspect makes hemichannels an attractive therapeutic target. Unfortunately, most available inhibitors are not selective or isoform specific, which hampers their translational application. The absence of a battery of useful inhibitors is due in part to the absence of simple screening assays for the discovery of hemichannel-active drugs. Here, we present an assay that we have recently developed to assess hemichannel function. The assay is based on the expression of functional human connexins in a genetically modified bacterial strain deficient in K+ uptake. These modified cells do not grow in low-K+ medium, but functional expression of connexin hemichannels allows K+ uptake and growth. This cell-growth-based assay is simple, robust, and easily scalable to high-throughput multi-well platforms.
BurrowView - seeing the world through the eyes of rats

For a long time, life sciences were restricted to look at animal habitats only post-factum. Pervasive computing puts us in the novel position to gain live views. In this paper we present BurrowView, an application that tracks the movement of rats in their natural habitat and reconstructs the underground tunnel system. To make reliable statements, special consideration has been taken with regard to the information quality. Our system is able to reconstruct paths up to a resolution of 20 cm, the length of a rat without its tail.
A New Decomposition of Boolean Functions

This paper introduces a new type of decomposition of Boolean functions, partitioning the original function into disjoint chains of cubes. We show that using this type of decomposition as a preprocessing step in logic synthesis algorithms may lead to a considerable reduction in the run-time thus allowing to process larger functions, which otherwise cannot be handled due to the time limit.
Compiling Prioritized Circumscription into Extended Logic Programs

We propose a method of compiling circumscription into Extended Logic Programs which is widely applicable to a class of parallel circumscription as well as a class of prioritized circumscription. In this paper, we show theoretically that any circumscription whose theory contains both the domain closure axiom and the uniqueness of names axioms can always be compiled into an extended logic program II, so that, whether a ground literal is provable from circumscription or not, can always be evaluated by deciding whether the literal is true in all answer sets of II, which can be computed by running II under the existing logic programming interpreter.
Unsupervised nearest regularized subspace for anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery

A method of unsupervised nearest regularized subspace is proposed for anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery. Based on a dual window, an approximation of each testing pixel is a representation of surrounding data via a linear combination, for which the weight vector is calculated by distance-weighted Tikhonov regularization. Proposed detector returns the similarity measurement between the testing pixel and its approximation. Experimental results for real hyperspectral data of proposed approach are demonstrated and compared to other traditional detection techniques.
Councillors in Context: The Impact of Place upon Elected Representatives

Abstract The time investment in council duties and the roles adopted by local councillors in Britain have been studied extensively but rarely has research incorporated information about the type of area represented. This article combines individual-level survey responses from councillors with aggregate-level data that describe characteristics of the wards that elect each councillor. The survey data report each councillor’s social and political characteristics, the average hours per week performing council duties and the range and frequency of activities undertaken. The ward-level data include a measure of relative social deprivation, electoral competitiveness and other features. The analysis shows that councillors representing relatively deprived areas spend more time on council activities than do councillors representing more affluent areas. The activities that councillors pursue, especially whether they are proactive or reactive towards constituents, relate to the ward context. Women and people that are retired from work also invest relatively more time in their work as councillors. These findings establish that assessments of what councillors do and the roles that they might adopt should take account of the types of ward being represented.
Calponin-calmodulin interaction: properties and effects on smooth and skeletal muscle actin binding and actomyosin ATPases.

Smooth muscle calponin bound to the biologically active fluorescent calmodulin [2-(4'-maleimidoanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid-calmodulin] (MIANS.CaM) with a Kd of 80 nM and produced a 3.4-fold fluorescence enhancement. PKC-phosphorylated calponin (1.3 mol of Pi/mol) bound to CaM with approximately 15-fold lower affinity. Calponin inhibited CaM (10 nM) activation of the Ca(2+)-/CaM-activated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) with an IC50 of 138 nM. The calponin-CaM interaction was Ca(2+)-dependent: half-maximal binding of calponin to MIANS.CaM occurred at pCa 6.6 with a Hill coefficient of 2.4. Stopped-flow fluorescence kinetic analysis demonstrated that EGTA chelation of Ca2+ from CaM disrupted the MIANS.CaM-calponin complex at a rate of 1 s-1. Calponin bound MIANS.CaM at a rate of (6.0 +/- 1.8) x 10(6) M-1s-1, and melittin and unlabeled brain CaM both disrupted the MIANS.CaM-calponin complex at a rate of 0.3 +/- 0.1 s-1. These studies suggest that calponin binds CaM with 80-fold lower affinity than myosin light-chain kinase and that calponin associates with CaM much slower than it associates with caldesmon or myosin light-chain kinase. The physiological relevance of the CaM-calponin interaction was evaluated by analysis of the effects of Ca(2+)-CaM on (i) the interaction of calponin with actin and (ii) calponin-mediated inhibition of actin-activated myosin MgATPase activity. Ca(2+)-CaM half-maximally inhibited calponin (2 microM) binding to smooth and skeletal muscle actins (9 microM) at 5.4 and 11 microM CaM, respectively. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Home and Personal Hygiene Scale: Development and Initial Psychometric Properties of a Brief Scale for Rating Functioning in Severe Mental Illness

Clinicians who work with severely mentally ill (SMI) or cognitively impaired older adults often have need of a quick way to assess patient functioning. We describe a short rating scale (9 items) for use on home visits, the Home and Personal Hygiene Scale (HPHS). Data from a prospective study of 153 older and middle-aged SMI adults were used to assess reliability and validity. Alphas were . 85, . 79, and . 81; the mean item-scale correlation was . 58. The scale correlated with global functioning, activities of daily living functioning, and psychotic symptoms. Current pilot study data demonstrate that the HPHS has the potential to be a reliable, valid, and quick method for making functional assessments during home visits.
Imperial tool ‘for’ nationalist resistance: The ‘games ethic’ in Indian history

The Indian public school was created out of a hotchpotch of Victorian motives imperial calculation, ethnocentric selfconfidence and well meaning benevolence. Even in its more socially restricted form, however, the early Indian public-school system provides a fascinating illustration of the cultural diffusion of an educational ethic arising out of imperial conquest. And, in only gently modified form, it has survived the imperialist. Sport in general, and football in particular, were important 'colonial technologies of conquest and rule', to borrow the phrase from Nicholas Dirks. Missionaries and teachers involved in integrating the game with the educational programmes of the schools opened by the British were very conscious of its power to transform bodies and minds. The game carried within it a moral order based on the ethics of commitment and dedication, of team spirit and the subjection of the individual to the demands of the group and valour and personal bravery. Colonized peoples were often portrayed as lacking just such attributes and thus football was seen as one method of introducing them to such desirable characteristics. Football was certainly one of those sports that was believed to be a
Model-Based Decomposition With Cross Scattering for Polarimetric SAR Urban Areas

Cross-polarized scattering (HV) is not only caused by vegetation but also by rotated dihedrals. In this letter, we use rotated dihedral corner reflectors to form a cross scattering matrix and propose an extended model-based decomposition method for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data over urban areas. Unlike other urban decomposition techniques which need to discriminate between urban and natural areas before decomposition, this proposed method is applied directly on the PolSAR image. The building orientation angle is considered in this scattering matrix, making it flexible and adaptive in the decomposition process. This enables the separation of the cross scattering of urban areas from the overall HV component. The cross and helix scattering components are also compared in this study. RADARSAT-2 quad-pol C band and AIRSAR L band data are used to validate the performance of the proposed method. The cross scattering power of oriented buildings is generated, leading to a better decomposition result for urban areas with respect to other urban decomposition techniques.
Phoneme classification over the reconstructed phase space using principal component analysis

Although isolated phoneme classification using features from time-domain phase space reconstruction has been investigated recently, the best representation of feature vectors for the discriminability over phoneme classes is still an open question. This paper applies Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to feature vectors from the reconstructed phase space. By using PCA projection, the basis of the feature space is orthogonalized. A Bayes classifier uses the transformed feature vectors to classify phoneme exemplars. The results show that the classification accuracy with PCA method surpasses the accuracy using only original features in most cases. PCA projection was implemented in three ways over the reconstructed phase space on both speaker-dependent and speaker-independent data. Models are trained and tested using data drawn from the TIMIT database.
Distribution Calibration in Riemannian Symmetric Space

Distribution calibration plays an important role in cross-domain learning. However, existing distribution distance metrics are not geodesic; therefore, they cannot measure the intrinsic distance between two distributions. In this paper, we calibrate two distributions by using the geodesic distance in Riemannian symmetric space. Our method learns a latent subspace in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space, where the geodesic distance between the distribution of the source and the target domains is minimized. The corresponding geodesic distance is thus equivalent to the geodesic distance between two symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices defined in the Riemannian symmetric space. These two SPD matrices parameterize the marginal distributions of the source and target domains in the latent subspace. We carefully design an evolutionary algorithm to find a local optimal solution that minimizes this geodesic distance. Empirical studies on face recognition, text categorization, and web image annotation suggest the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A Combined Method to Measure the Semantic Similarity between Words

 Abstract — Measuring semantic similarity between words is vital for various applications in natural language processing, such as language modeling, information retrieval, and document clustering. This method that utilizes the information available on the Web to measure semantic similarity between a pair of words or entities and also integrate page counts for each word in the pair and lexico-syntactic patterns that occur among the top ranking snippets for the AND query using support vector machines. Experimental results on Miller-Charles’ benchmark data set show that the proposed measure outperforms all the existing web based semantic similarity measures by a wide margin, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.8129. Moreover, the proposed semantic similarity measure significantly improves the accuracy (Fmeasure of 0.78) in a named entity clustering task, proving the capability of the proposed measure to capture semantic similarity using web content.
Predilection of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma‐derived isolate of epstein‐barr virus for infection of specific subsets of B lymphocytes

It is important to know whether there are variants of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) with biological properties that are different from the prototype viruses that have been studied in detail, such as P3HR‐1 and B95‐8. We have studied an EBV isolate derived from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor, designated NPC‐EBV. We have examined the target B lymphocytes infected and growth‐transformed with NPC‐EBV as compared with two common EBV isolates, B95‐8 and AG876 EBV, for stage of maturation using antibodies to several immunoglobulin chains. Typing of the NPC‐EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines revealed the predilection of the NPC‐EBV isolate to infect immature B lymphocytes. This was not the case for the B95‐8 and AG876 isolates. The reason for the predilection of NPC‐EBV for immature B lymphocytes remains to be explored further. However, these results may be important in understanding the pathophysiology of EBV‐associated diseases.
Learning Binary Descriptors from Images

Binary descriptors have become popular for computer vision tasks because of their potential for smart phone applications. However, most binary descriptors have been heuristically hand-crafted. In this paper, we present a methodology to learn sparse binary descriptors from images. A new sampling and comparison pattern is also introduced and its advantages over the existing descriptors are discussed. We show experimental results for the task of matching pairs of images on the Patch dataset, using our descriptor MALCOM (Machine Learned Compact Descriptor). Results indicate that MALCOM’s performance surpasses that of FREAK, a stateof-the-art binary descriptor.
THE SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A HAPTEN IN VITRO

The in vitro secondary stimulation of the production of anti-hapten antibody has been analyzed with a view to elucidating the role of the carrier molecule and cell-to-cell interactions in this response. Stimulation was carried out on fragment cultures of the spleens of irradiated BALB/c mice which had been reconstituted with 3–4 x 107 spleen cells from isologous mice previously immunized with DNP-Hy. The results indicated that the response was maximized by stimulation with DNP-Hy, the homologous complex, however anti-DNP antibody production could be obtained by stimulation with DNP on several nonhomologous carriers including poly-D-lysine, a poor immunogen. The results also indicated that while DNP-Hy and DNP-nonhomologous-carrier complexes were stimulatory at equally low DNP concentrations, at DNP concentrations over 10–6 M DNP-Hy was stimulatory, while DNP on nonhomologous carriers was inhibitory. The results are interpreted as indicating that: (a) the affinity of the antigen-cell interaction is more likely determined by multivalent binding than by carrier recognition, (b) that a stimulatory interaction of a polyvalent antigen with a B-lymphocyte cannot be excluded, (c) that if cell-to-cell interaction is necessary for stimulation, then both cells may recognize the same determinant, and (d) that the marked enhancement of antigenic stimulation attributable to carrier recognition may result from stimulatory interactions of cells recognizing different antigenic determinants. A mechanism is postulated whereby stimulation is dependent on the formation of stable complexes resulting from two cells sharing in the binding of numerous antigen molecules. Cells recognizing carrier determinants would increase the probability of such interactions particularly at high antigen concentrations.
Genetic databases: online catalogues of inherited disorders.

Current information on inherited disorders in domestic animals is available on the internet: Online Mendelian inheritance in animals (OMIA) and Mendelian inheritance in sheep (MIS) are the two major sources of information. OMIA was created (and is maintained) by workers at the University of Sydney. MIS has been compiled by the Committee on Genetic Nomenclature of Sheep and Goats (COGNOSAG), an international group of geneticists. In the future, similar catalogues for other species (starting with goats and cattle) will be made available by COGNOSAG. Electronic access to this information is freely accessible on the world-wide web at http:/(/)www.angis. su.oz. au/Databases/BIRX/om ia (for OMIA), http:/(/)probe.nalusda. gov:8300/animal/omia.h tml (for OMIA in the United States of America) and at http:/(/)www.angis. org.au/Databases/BIRX/mis (for MIS).
Characteristics of work organization in UK and Philippine call centres

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to describe the characteristics of the team designs in a call centre in the United Kingdom (UK) and The Philippines (RP). As the design of teams is influenced mainly by sociotechnical system theory and lean production, these are used as landmarks in the comparison.Design/methodology/approach – The primary sources of information were recorded interviews with team members and their supervisors and observation of team operations. Outgoing personnel were also interviewed. Actual day‐to‐day operation of the teams was observed over a period of three months.Findings – The case studies exhibit the characteristics of diverse production models in service firms. The UK case study was approaching the STS model whereas the RP case study was approaching the LP model but veering more to the mass production model of service firms.Research limitations/implications – The mass production model is similar to the LP model in the following dimensions: type of coordination, workplace, leade.
Effects of active versus passive recovery on thermoregulatory strain and performance in intermittent-sprint exercise.

PURPOSE Team sports contain high-intensity sprints separated by active recovery (AR) and passive recovery (PR). The beneficial effects of AR on repeated-sprint performance, for short exercise duration, in thermoneutral environments, are well known. However, team sports are often performed in hot environments for prolonged periods. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the thermal strain of AR versus PR during prolonged, intermittent-sprint exercise. METHODS Eight men performed two intermittent-sprint tests in the heat (35 degrees C, 44% relative humidity (RH)), with either AR or PR. RESULTS No differences were found between conditions for mean work (AR: 3739.5 +/- 204.7 J; PR: 3814.0 +/- 161.3 J) or power per sprint (AR: 1257 +/- 64 W; PR: 1245 +/- 47 W). AR was associated with a significantly higher heart rate (HR), muscle (Tmu), rectal temperature (Tre), body temperature (Tb), and skin temperature (Tsk) after 7, 10, and 25 min, respectively. Body heat storage, and physiological and cumulative heat-strain indices, were significantly higher in AR compared with PR. The differences in Tmu and thermoregulatory strain between AR and PR were greater than the differences in Tre and Tb. CONCLUSIONS These results likely can be attributed to a greater rate of whole-body heat loss during the AR protocol. Because AR has previously been associated with a greater muscle pump, a greater blood flow to surface veins and inactive musculature may have been maintained, allowing greater heat dissipation than during PR, when blood was likely to be pooling in the legs. Despite the greater increase in body temperature and heat strain in AR than in PR, there was no difference in performance, possibly because critical temperature levels were not reached in this study.