Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language : psychological and biological aspects

Preface 1. Psycholinguistics: an overview Michael K. Tanenhaus 2. Language and cognition Robyn Carston 3. Processes in language production Merrill F. Garrett 4. Language perception Giovanni B. Flores D'Arcais 5. The mental lexicon Karen D. Emmorey and Victoria A. Fromkin 6. Where learning begins: initial representations for language learning Lila R. Gleitman, Henry Gleitman, Barbara Landau and Eric Wanner 7. Second language acquisition Ellen Broselow 8. Neurolingustics: an overview of language-brain relations in aphasia Sheila E. Blumstein 9. The biological basis for language David Caplan 10. Linguistics and speech-language pathology Catherine A. Jackson 11. The evolution of human communicative behaviour William Orr Dingwall 12. Linguistics and animal communication Richard A. Demers Index of names Index of subjects.
Effects of different pacifiers on the primary dentition and oral myofunctional strutures of preschool children.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the dental arches and some oral myofunctional structures in 36- to 60-month-old children who sucked a pacifier or did not have this habit. METHODS Sixty-one children were divided into 3 groups: (1) those who never sucked a pacifier, (2) those who exclusively sucked a physiological pacifier, and (3) those who exclusively sucked a conventional one. A clinical examination was performed on the children to observe the relationship between the arches and their width, as well as the following oral myofunctional structures: lips, tongue, cheeks, and hard palate. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that: (1) the use of both ytpes of pacifiers led to anterior open bite (prevalence of 50% in both groups; P = . 001), (2) posterior crossbite was present only on children who had a pacifier-sucking habit, (3) the mean oveqrjt was greater on children who sucked physiological (3.6 mm) or conventional (3.7 mm) pacifiers when compared to those with no sucking habits (1.3 mm; P = .001), (4) intercanine distance of the upper arch was significantly smalelr on children who sucked pacifiers (29.6 mm in the physiological group and 29.2 mm in the conventional pacifier group) than those who did not (31.2 mm), and (5) the children who never sucked on a pacifier showed a higher prevalence of normality of cheek mobility (74%; P = .022) and hard palate shape (78%; P = .042). CONCLUSIONS Children who sucked pacifiers, both conventional and physiological ones, showed higher prevalence of alterations in the relationship of the dental arches and orla myofunctional structures, when compared to those who never sucked a pacifier.
A Formal Semantics of UML Sequence Diagrams

This paper presents a formal semantics of UML sequence diagram. In abstract syntax form, a well-formed sequence diagram corresponds to an ordered hierarchical tree structure. The static semantics of a sequence diagram is to check whether it is consistent with the class diagram declaration as well as with its well-formed tree structure. Meanwhile, the dynamic semantics is defined in terms of the state transitions that are carried out by the method invocations in the diagram. When a message is executed, it must be consistent with system state, i.e., object diagram and the state diagrams of its related objects. The semantics clearly captures the consistency between sequence diagram with class diagram and state diagram. Therefore, it is useful to develop the model consistent checking functions in UML CASE tools. And it also can be used to reason about the correctness of a design model with respect to a requirement model. This paper is to occur in the proceedings of ASWEC2004, 13-16 April, 2004, Melbourne, Australia. Xiaoshan Li is an Associate Professor at the University of Macau. His research areas are interval temporal logic, formal specification and simulation of computer systems, formal methods in system design and implementation. E-mail: xsl@umac.mo. Zhiming Liu is a Research Fellow at UNU/IIST, on leave from Department of Computer Science at the University of Leicester, Leicester, England where he is lecturer in computer science. His research interests include theory of computing systems, emphasising sound methods for specification, verification and refinement of fault-tolerant, real-time and concurrent systems, and formal techniques for OO development. His teaching interests are Communication and Concurrency, Concurrent and Distributed Programming, Internet Security, Software Engineering, Formal specification and Design of Computer Systems. E-mail: Z.Liu@iist.unu. edu. He Jifeng is a Senior Research Fellow of UNU/IIST. He is also a professor of computer science at East China Normal University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His research interests include the Mathematical theory of programming and refinement methods, design techniques for the mixed software and hardware systems. E-mail: hjf@iist.unu. edu. Copyright c © 2004by UNU-IIST, Xiaoshan Li, Zhiming Liu and He Jifeng
A Comparative Study of Techniques for Data Classification based on Naïve Bayes

The Naive Bayes model is used for text classification and the data is considered by using the Naive Bayes classifier and also the probabilistic based model. To define the discrete variable we use the multinomial distribution and for the numeric variable we use the Gaussian distribution. In this research, graphical structure has been considered due to properties of Naive Bayes classifier such as flexibility, energy efficient and high performance. The main idea of classification has been introducedthat is the basic techniques for data classification which includes Naive Bayesian classifier. General Terms Naive Bayes, Text representation, Multinomial distributionDiscretization,Gaussian distribution.
Cronbach's Alpha: Review of Limitations and Associated Recommendations

This paper discusses the limitations of Cronbach's alpha as a sole index of reliability, showing how Cronbach's alpha is analytically handicapped to capture important measurement errors and scale dimensionality, and how it is not invariant under variations of scale length, interitem correlation, and sample characteristics. In addition, the limitations and strengths of several recommendations on how to ameliorate these problems were critically reviewed. It was shown that the reliance on Cronbach's alpha as a sole index of reliability is no longer sufficiently warranted. This requires that other indices of internal consistency be reported along with alpha coefficient, and that when a scale is composed of large number of items, factor analysis should be performed, and appropriate internal consistency estimation method applied. This approach, if adopted, will largely minimize and guard against uncritical use of Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
A wide input voltage range start-up circuit for solar energy harvesting system

This paper presents design of an improved start-up circuit for a micro scale solar energy harvesting system. A wide input voltage range (270mV - 1.8V) start-up circuit that can work in strong as well as weak illumination levels without causing any stress and reliability issues to the CMOS devices has been proposed. The use of native device (zero-Vth) and ultra-low power Band-gap Reference (BGR) helps to operate the start-up circuit within 1.8V maximum voltage allowed by 40nm CMOS technology. The complete system works with minimum power of 2. 841μW at 270mV in start-up mode and works with minimum voltage of 100mV once the system enters into main converter mode. The system uses fractional open circuit voltage method (FOCV) to extract maximum power from solar cell when operating in main converter mode.
Fitting the Mind to the World: Adaptation and after-effects in high-level vision

Fitting the mind to the world - introduction SECTION I: FOUNDATIONS 1. Physiological mechanisms of adaptation in the visual system 2. Functional ideas about adaptation applied to spatial and motion vision 3. Accommodating the past: a selective history of adaptation 4. The role of adaptation in colour constancy SECTION II: HIGH-LEVEL VISION 5. High-level pattern coding revealed by brief shape aftereffects 6. fMRI adaptation: a tool for studying visual representations in the primate brain 7. Adaptation to complex visual patterns in humans and monkeys 8. Adaptation and face perception: how aftereffects implicate norm-based coding of faces 9. Adaptation and the phenomenology of perception SECTION III: ATTENTION AND AWARENESS 10. Adaptation as a tool for probing the neural correlates of visual awareness: progress and precautions 11. Attentional modulation of motion adaptation 12. Adaptation and perceptual binding in sight and sound
Regulation of Alginate Biosynthesis inPseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

ABSTRACT Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the phytopathogenP. syringae produce the exopolysaccharide alginate. However, the environmental signals that trigger alginate gene expression in P. syringae are different from those inP. aeruginosa with copper being a major signal in P. syringae. In P. aeruginosa, the alternate sigma factor encoded by algT (ς22) and the response regulator AlgR1 are required for transcription of algD, a gene which encodes a key enzyme in the alginate biosynthetic pathway. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the gene encoding AlgR1 from P. syringae. The deduced amino acid sequence of AlgR1 from P. syringae showed 86% identity to its P. aeruginosa counterpart. Sequence analysis of the region flankingalgR1 in P. syringae revealed the presence ofargH, algZ, and hemC in an arrangement virtually identical to that reported in P. aeruginosa. An algR1 mutant, P. syringaeFF5.32, was defective in alginate production but could be complemented when algR1 was expressed in trans. ThealgD promoter region in P. syringae(PsalgD) was also characterized and shown to diverge significantly from the algD promoter in P. aeruginosa. Unlike P. aeruginosa, algR1was not required for the transcription of algD in P. syringae, and PsalgD lacked the consensus sequence recognized by AlgR1. However, both the algD andalgR1 upstream regions in P. syringae contained the consensus sequence recognized by ς22, suggesting thatalgT is required for transcription of both genes.
Bortezomib, low‐dose intravenous melphalan, and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma

This multicenter phase I/II study investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and efficacy of low dose intravenous (IV) melphalan in combination with bortezomib for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Patients received bortezomib 1·3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 and escalating doses of IV melphalan (2·5–10·0 mg/m2) on day 2 of a 28‐day cycle for a maximum of eight cycles. Dexamethasone 20 mg was added for progressive or stable disease. Fifty‐three patients were enrolled. The MTD was defined at melphalan 7·5 mg/m2 and bortezomib 1·3 mg/m2. The overall response rate (ORR) was 68% (23% complete or near‐complete responses [CR/nCR]) whilst at the MTD (n = 33) the ORR was 76% (34% CR/nCR). After median follow‐up of 17 months, the median progression free survival was 10 months, rising to 12 months at the MTD (P < 0·05 vs. non‐MTD regimens). The median overall survival was 28 months, but was not yet reached at the MTD. Grade 3/4 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (62%), neutropenia (57%), infection (21%), and neuropathy (15%). Bortezomib and low‐dose IV melphalan combination therapy is a safe and highly effective regimen for patients with relapsed MM. These data suggest further investigation of this combination is warranted.
Characteristics of the Capable Teacher from the Viewpoint of the Students at Faculty of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2013

Teachers are responsible for teaching the students, and improving the teaching quality plays an essential role in the efficiency of the student and teacher. The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a total research sample of 220 people that investigated the characteristics of the capable teacher from the viewpoint of the students at faculty of health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences using census method. The instrument for data collection was a 24-item questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through content validity and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha (r=0.87). The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics. The most important characteristics of capable teachers from the viewpoint of the students included dominance over the course (90.5%), interest in teaching (78.9%), eloquent presentation (77.3%), accepting criticism (75.5%) and flexibility (71.4%), respectively. It is necessary to take these characteristics into consideration while hiring the faculty members and to hold empowerment workshops.
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue: To Be or Not To Be a Typical Adipose Tissue?

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) emerges as a distinct fat depot whose importance has been proved in the bone–fat interaction. Indeed, it is well recognized that adipokines and free fatty acids released by adipocytes can directly or indirectly interfere with cells of bone remodeling or hematopoiesis. In pathological states, such as osteoporosis, each of adipose tissues – subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT), visceral WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and BMAT – is differently associated with bone mineral density (BMD) variations. However, compared with the other fat depots, BMAT displays striking features that makes it a substantial actor in bone alterations. BMAT quantity is well associated with BMD loss in aging, menopause, and other metabolic conditions, such as anorexia nervosa. Consequently, BMAT is sensed as a relevant marker of a compromised bone integrity. However, analyses of BMAT development in metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes) are scarce and should be, thus, more systematically addressed to better apprehend the bone modifications in that pathophysiological contexts. Moreover, bone marrow (BM) adipogenesis occurs throughout the whole life at different rates. Following an ordered spatiotemporal expansion, BMAT has turned to be a heterogeneous fat depot whose adipocytes diverge in their phenotype and their response to stimuli according to their location in bone and BM. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies point to a detrimental role of BM adipocytes (BMAs) throughout the release of paracrine factors that modulate osteoblast and/or osteoclast formation and function. However, the anatomical dissemination and the difficulties to access BMAs still hamper our understanding of the relative contribution of BMAT secretions compared with those of peripheral adipose tissues. A further characterization of the phenotype and the functional regulation of BMAs are ever more required. Based on currently available data and comparison with other fat tissues, this review addresses the originality of the BMAT with regard to its development, anatomy, metabolic properties, and response to physiological cues.
Action of adrenaline on the serum potassium

IN a previous communication it was shown [D'Silva, 1936b] that the liberation of potassium by adrenaline in the perfused cat's liver was facilitated by the presence of oxygen. Larger quantities of the base were set free when the perfusion was carried out with blood than when van Dyke & Hastings' fluid was used. Evidence was adduced to show that asphyxia of the tissues attendant on the use of the inorganic fluid was not responsible for the results. Further, before the organ was capable of responding to a second dose of the drug, a period of recovery (oxidative) was necessary. In the present investigation various factors which might be concerned in the liberation of potassium have been studied further.
Filial Therapy Training with Undergraduate Teacher Trainees; Child-Teacher Relationship Training

This experimental research study investigated the effectiveness of the application of Child-Teacher Relationship training, adapted from child-centered play therapy procedures and skills training (filial therapy), with undergraduate teacher trainees. Specifically, this research determined if Child-Teacher Relationship training facilitated change in teacher trainees' interactions with children, parenting attitudes, and play therapy attitude knowledge and skills. The experimental group of teacher trainees (n=18) received 10 weekly ninety minute training sessions in child-centered play therapy skills and procedures and conducted 7 weekly special play times with children. The comparison group (n=20) received supplemental training in child guidance during the ten weeks that included parent training and alternatives to corporal punishment. Experimental and comparison group participants completed pre-test and post-test measures, consisting of the Adolescent and Adult Parenting Attitudes Inventory (AAPI-2), the Play Therapy Attitudes, Knowledge, and Skills Survey (PTAKSS), and a videotaped special play time with a child which was rated using the Measurement of Empathy in Adult and Child Interactions (MEACI). Analysis of covariance on adjusted post test means revealed that the teacher trainees in the experimental group demonstrated statistically significant ("<.05) increases in empathy towards children, allowing the child self direction, communication of acceptance, and involvement as measured by the MEACI. Significant ("<.05) increases were also reported on teacher trainees in the experimental group on play therapy attitudes, knowledge, and skills as measured by the PTAKSS. The experimental group demonstrated growth in level of empathy and adult-child role subscales on the AAPI, and positive trends (.07) were reported on the AAPI expectations of children subscale.
TISSUE CULTURE POPULATIONS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE TISSUE OF ORIGIN.

cytochrome c per ml was reduced with hydrogen gas in the presence of a small amount of palladium black until the cytochrome c appears to be 80-90 per cent reduced. The excess hydrogen was removed by sweeping the solution with nitrogen. The solution was filtered, allowed to stand for several hours in air at room temperature, and stored at 00C as stock solution. Rate measurements: The reaction was followed by observing the change in optical density at 550 mM by means of a Cary Recording Spectrophotometer. All measurements were made in 0.1 F Tris buffer (pH 7.7) containing 0.0005 mole of the connecting ligand per liter of the solution at 22 ± 30C. The total cytochrome c concentration was determined by reducing the solution with a slight excess of Na2S204 and calculating from the optical densities (O.D.) of the reduced solution by means of the expression
Bisphophonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Objective: With sporadic reporting of BPs related osteonecrosis of jaw and in absence of definitive guidelines regarding the management of such patients, the dentists and the oral and maxillofacial surgeons need to be updated about this issue. The objective of this article was to produce an updated bibliographic review of BPs related ONJ. This paper reviews the literature regarding the same for better understanding of the problem and its management. Background: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and are widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis and other diseases that cause bone mass loss, such as Paget′s disease, bone metastases, and multiple myeloma, to prevent pathological fractures. With increasing use, evidence is emerging that patients taking BP drugs are at risk of developing osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJs), sometimes occurring spontaneously, but more commonly following dental extractions or oral bone surgery. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out using PubMed, Medline, and search engines ending in April, 2013. The search terms used were: Oral BPs, dental implants, and osteonecrosis. Conclusion: On the basis of available literature, the management of patients on bisphosphonates requiring dental treatment is classified according to the duration of BPs treatment, method of administration of BPs etc. Dental treatments when planned carefully in such patients have a fair to good prognosis.
Memory in Motion: The Influence of Gesture- and Touch-Based Input Modalities on Spatial Memory

People's ability to remember and recall spatial information can be harnessed to improve navigation and search performances in interactive systems. In this paper, we investigate how display size and input modality influence spatial memory, especially in relation to efficiency and user satisfaction. Based on an experiment with 28 participants, we analyze the effect of three input modalities (trackpad, direct touch, and gesture-based motion controller) and two display sizes (10.6" and 55") on people's ability to navigate to spatially spread items and recall their positions. Our findings show that the impact of input modality and display size on spatial memory is not straightforward, but characterized by trade-offs between spatial memory, efficiency, and user satisfaction.
Network Formation Games for Distributed Uplink Tree Construction in IEEE 802.16J Networks

This paper investigates the problem of the formation of an uplink tree structure among the IEEE 802.16J network's relay stations (RSs) and their serving base station (MR-BS). We model the problem as a network formation game in which the RSs want to form a directed tree graph to improve their utility, in terms of the packet success rate (PSR), by using multi-hop cooperative transmission while accounting for a link maintenance cost. In this game, the relay stations engage in bilateral negotiations which result in a contractual agreement to form a directed link between each pair. For network dynamics, we propose an algorithm based on the local best responses of the RSs that converges to a local Nash network. Moreover, the proposed dynamics algorithm allows the RSs to autonomously adapt the network topology to changes in the environment due to mobility or to the presence of heterogeneous traffic. Simulation results show how the RSs can self-organize in a tree structure while improving the network's overall PSR up to 19.7% and 17.3% compared, respectively, to the cases where no RSs exist and where the RSs are directly connected to the MR-BS.
Economic Evaluation of Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders: burden of disease, cost-effectiveness, and the value of further research and active implementation

Personality disorders are among the most common mental disorders in the general population1,2 and mental healthcare settings3,4 with reported prevalence rates of 13.4 and 45.5 percent, respectively. Personality traits are pervasive and enduring patterns of the ways individuals perceive, relate to, think about, and behave within their environment. When these traits become inflexible and maladaptive they constitute personality disorders. The general diagnostic criteria for personality disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) of the American Psychiatric Association5 are presented in Table 1.1. Personality disorders can be categorized into three clusters. Cluster A contains the odd or eccentric disorders, including paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorder; cluster B covers the dramatic, emotional or erratic disorders, including borderline, antisocial, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorder; and cluster C consists of the anxious or fearful disorders, including avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.