Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Device-to-Device Communications in Joint Scheduling of Access and Backhaul for mmWave Small Cells

With the explosive growth of mobile data demand, there has been an increasing interest in deploying small cells of higher frequency bands underlying the conventional homogeneous macrocell network, which is usually referred to as heterogeneous cellular networks, to significantly boost the overall network capacity. With vast amounts of spectrum available in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band, small cells at mmWave frequencies are able to provide multigigabit access data rates, whereas the wireless backhaul in the mmWave band is emerging as a cost-effective solution to provide high backhaul capacity to connect access points of the small cells. In order to operate the mobile network optimally, it is necessary to jointly design the radio access and backhaul networks. Meanwhile, direct transmissions between devices should be also considered to improve system performance and enhance user experience. In this paper, we propose a joint transmission scheduling scheme for the radio access and backhaul of small cells in the mmWave band, termed D2DMAC, where a path selection criterion is designed to enable device-to-device transmissions for performance improvement. In D2DMAC, a concurrent transmission scheduling algorithm is proposed to fully exploit spatial reuse in mmWave networks. Through extensive simulations under various traffic patterns and user deployments, we demonstrate that D2DMAC achieves near-optimal performance in some cases and outperforms other protocols significantly in terms of delay and throughput. Furthermore, we also analyze the impact of path selection on the performance improvement of D2DMAC under different selected parameters.
Minimalistic Adaptive Resource Management for Multi-tier Applications Hosted on Clouds

Cloud computing allows Web application owners to host their applications with low operational cost and enables them to scale applications to maintain performance based on traffic load and application resource requirements. However, for multi-tier Web applications, it is difficult to automatically identify the exact location of a bottleneck and scale the appropriate resource tier accordingly because multi-tier applications are complex and bottleneck patterns may be dependent on the specific pattern of workload at any given time. This Ph.D. dissertation aims to explore the possibilities to satisfy response time guarantees for multi-tier applications hosted on clouds using adaptive resource management with minimal hardware profiling and application-centric knowledge.
The quickgrasp algorithm for grasp synthesis

This paper presents a general grasp synthesis algorithm. The algorithm follows a stochastic approach that calculate a large number of grasps with good quality in short amount of time. It takes as an input a 3D point cloud that represents the contact points of the object and heuristically selects concurrent points which are covered by contact points and identifies concurrent grasps from such contact points. Empirical examples are performed to show that the proposed algorithm can generate a large number of good quality grasps comparing to other methods.
The Salience of Multimodal Sensory Stimulation in Early Development: Implications for the Issue of Ecological Validity.

Studies of infant development concerned with the emergence of specific perceptual or cognitive abilities have typically focused on responsiveness in only one sensory modality. Research on infant perception, learning, and memory often attempts to reduce multimodal stimulation to "noise" and to control or omit stimulation from other sensory modalities in experimental designs. This type of unimodal research, although important, may not generalize well to the behavior of infants in the multimodal context of the everyday world. Research from animal and human development is reviewed that documents that significant differences in infants' perceptual skills and abilities can be observed under conditions of unimodal versus multimodal stimulation. These studies provide converging evidence for a functional distinction between unimodal and multimodal stimulation during early development and suggest that ecological validity can be enhanced when research findings are generalized appropriately to the natural environment and are not overgeneralized across stimulus properties, tasks, or contexts.
Positron emission tomography imaging of transplant function

SummaryIn this article, the role of functional imaging for providing objective evidence that grafts of fetal tissue can survive and form connections in Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease patients is reviewed. The dissociation between dopamine storage capacity, clinical improvement, and normalization of brain metabolism in PD is discussed, and possible mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of dyskinesias off medication are presented. It is concluded the positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography can provide valuable ancillary information alongside clinical observations but are not currently appropriate modalities for use as surrogate endpoints.
Rotational dynamics of actin-bound intermediates in the myosin ATPase cycle.

We have used saturation-transfer electron paramagnetic resonance (ST-EPR) to detect the microsecond rotational motions of spin-labeled myosin subfragment one (MSL-S1) bound to actin in the presence of the ATP analogues AMPPNP (5'-adenylylimido diphosphate) and ATP gamma S [adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)], which are believed to trap myosin in strongly and weakly bound intermediate states of the actomyosin ATPase cycle, respectively. Sedimentation binding measurements were used to determine the fraction of myosin heads bound to actin under ST-EPR conditions and the fraction of heads containing bound nucleotide. ST-EPR spectra were then corrected to obtain the spectrum corresponding to the ternary complex (actin.MSL-S1.nucleotide). The ST-EPR spectrum of MSL-S1.AMPPNP bound to actin is identical to that obtained in the absence of nucleotide (rigor complex), indicating no rotational motion of MSL-S1 relative to actin on the microsecond time scale. However, MSL-S1-ATP gamma S bound to actin is rotationally mobile, with an effective rotational correlation time (tau r) of 17 +/- 2 microseconds. This motion is similar to that observed previously for actin-bound MSL-S1 during the steady-state hydrolysis of ATP [Berger et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 8753-8757]. We conclude that, in solution, the weakly bound actin-attached states of the myosin ATPase cycle undergo microsecond rotational motions, while the strongly bound intermediates do not, and that these motions are likely to be involved in the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction.
Belonging and Wanting: Meanings of Social Class Background for Women's Constructions of their College Experiences

Data from 193 women who attended Smith College in the 1960s show that the women retrospectively represented college quite differently depending on their class background. Themes of both social segregation and academic unpreparedness were evident among the women from working- and middle-class families, while themes of a continuation of family tradition were evident among women from upper-class families. Interview data from seven women who graduated from Radcliffe in 1964 suggested that a sense of who belonged and who did not was keenly felt even by women from middle-class backgrounds, and was also noticed by women from upper-class backgrounds. It is noted that class plays a large role in constructing the markers that define "belongingness" on elite college campuses.
Assessing the Enrichment Performance in Targeted Resequencing Experiments

Target enrichment strategies are a very common approach to sequence a predefined part of an individual's genome using second‐generation sequencing technologies. While highly dependent on the technology and the target sequences selected, the performance of the various assays is also variable between samples and is influenced by the way how the libraries are handled in the laboratory. Here, we show how to find detailed information about the enrichment performance using a novel software package called NGSrich, which we developed as a part of a whole‐exome resequencing pipeline in a medium‐sized genomics center. Our software is suitable for high‐throughput use and the results can be shared using HTML and a web server. Finally, we have sequenced exome‐enriched DNA libraries of 18 human individuals using three different enrichment products and used our new software for a comparative analysis of their performance. Hum Mutat 33:635–641, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recycling of E-Cadherin

E-Cadherin plays critical roles in many aspects of cell adhesion, epithelial development, and the establishment and maintenance of epithelial polarity. The fate of E-cadherin once it is delivered to the basolateral cell surface, and the mechanisms which govern its participation in adherens junctions, are not well understood. Using surface biotinylation and recycling assays, we observed that some of the cell surface E-cadherin is actively internalized and is then recycled back to the plasma membrane. The pool of E-cadherin undergoing endocytosis and recycling was markedly increased in cells without stable cell-cell contacts, i.e., in preconfluent cells and after cell contacts were disrupted by depletion of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that endocytic trafficking of E-cadherin is regulated by cell-cell contact. The reformation of cell junctions after replacement of Ca2+ was then found to be inhibited when recycling of endocytosed E-cadherin was disrupted by bafilomycin treatment. The endocytosis and recycling of E-cadherin and of the transferrin receptor were similarly inhibited by potassium depletion and by bafilomycin treatment, and both proteins were accumulated in intracellular compartments by an 18°C temperature block, suggesting that endocytosis may occur via a clathrin-mediated pathway. We conclude that a pool of surface E-cadherin is constantly trafficked through an endocytic, recycling pathway and that this may provide a mechanism for regulating the availability of E-cadherin for junction formation in development, tissue remodeling, and tumorigenesis.
Comorbidities and Mortality Among Children Hospitalized With Diarrheal Disease in an Area of High Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Purpose: To describe the profile of comorbidities in children admitted with diarrhea to an urban hospital with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in South Africa and to examine the contribution of comorbidities to inpatient mortality. Methods: Data from a retrospective random sample of 319 children were extracted and analyzed from a total of 1145 children hospitalized for diarrhea in 2001. We used multiple logistic regression models to determine the independent effects of HIV infection, malnutrition, pneumonia and bacteremia on inpatient mortality. Results: Overall 68% of the diarrheal admissions were classified as HIV-infected and 61% were classified as malnourished, with 53% having evidence of both. HIV infection was strongly associated with malnutrition, pneumonia and bacteremia. Inpatient mortality was 14% [95% confidence interval (CI), 11–19%]. Mortality was higher among HIV-infected than among uninfected children [crude odds ratio (OR), 6.0; 95% CI 2.1–17.0]. History of low birth weight, previous admission, malnutrition, HIV infection, pneumonia, bacteremia, low hemoglobin, total white blood cell count and serum albumin were significant predictors of mortality in univariate analyses. After adjustment, severe malnutrition (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0–4.9), bacteremia (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.2–7.2) and pneumonia (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.3–12.0) remained independent predictors of mortality, whereas the association between HIV infection and mortality was significantly diminished (OR 4.0; 95% CI 0.8–18.1). Conclusion: In a setting of high HIV prevalence, malnutrition, bacteremia and pneumonia contribute independently to death in children hospitalized with diarrheal disease.
Dysregulation of myelopoiesis by chronic alcohol administration during early SIV infection of rhesus macaques.

BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol intoxication suppresses immune function and increases osteoporosis risk suggesting bone-tissue cytotoxicity. Human immunodeficiency virus infection leads to similar impairments. This study investigated the effects of chronic alcohol administration during the early stage of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their differentiated progeny in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of rhesus macaques. METHODS Rhesus macaques were administered alcohol or sucrose daily for a period of 3 months prior to intrarectal inoculation with 250 TCID50 of SIVmac251 . Bone marrow aspirates and blood samples were taken prior to and 2 weeks after SIV infection. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were assessed using flow cytometric phenotyping for upstream HSPCs and for differentiated cells of the monocyte-granulocyte lineages. Likewise, cells were quantitated in peripheral blood. RESULTS Of the bone marrow HSPCs, only the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) was altered by alcohol administration pre-SIV (38 ± 9.4/10(6) BMCs vs. 226 ± 64.1/10(6) BMCs, sucrose vs. alcohol). Post-SIV, the frequency of CLPs in the bone marrow of alcohol-administered macaques decreased compared with the sucrose-administered macaques (107 ± 47.6/10(6) BMCs vs. 43 ± 16.3/10(6) BMCs). However, marrow mature cells of the monocyte lineage, specifically macrophages and osteoclast progenitors, were increased by both chronic alcohol administration and SIV infection (287% and 662%, respectively). As expected, mature cells such as granulocytes (polymorphonuclear cells), B cells, and CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood were decreased by SIV infection (37 to 62% decline from preinfection), but not affected after 3 months of chronic alcohol administration. CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol administration disrupts myelomonocytic development in the bone marrow during the early period of SIV infection promoting macrophage and osteoclast lineages. We predict this shift in CLP:macrophage/osteoclast balance creates an environment that favors bone resorption and immunosuppression.
TRPV1 Mediates Histamine-Induced Itching via the Activation of Phospholipase A2 and 12-Lipoxygenase

Histamine provokes itching and is a major skin disease complaint. Histamine is known to excite a subset of sensory neurons, predominantly C-fibers. Although histamine is pruritogenic, its signaling pathways that excite sensory neurons have not been identified. Because the metabolic products of lipoxygenases (LOs) activate transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1) in sensory neurons, we hypothesized that histamine excites sensory neurons by activating TRPV1 via phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and LO stimulation. In cultured sensory neurons, histamine evoked inward currents that were reduced by capsazepine, a TRPV1 blocker. Moreover, histamine provoked inward currents when histamine receptor subtype 1 (H1R) and TRPV1 were expressed heterologously, but not when H1R or TRPV1 was expressed alone. In addition, histamine caused Ca2+ influxes in sensory neurons in wild-type mice but not in TRPV1−/− mice. Furthermore, histamine caused a 2.5-fold increase in the production of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a metabolite of LO, in cultured sensory neurons. When injected subcutaneously into the necks of mice, histamine caused bouts of scratching, which were greatly reduced by pretreatment with capsazepine, a TRPV1 blocker, and by inhibitors of PLA2, LO, and H1R. Furthermore, mice lacking TRPV1 markedly reduced histamine-induced scratching compared with wild type. Together, these results indicate that TRPV1 plays a key role in mediating the pruritogenic action of histamine via the PLA2/LO pathway.
Genetic Diversity Underlying the Envelope Glycoproteins of Hepatitis C Virus: Structural and Functional Consequences and the Implications for Vaccine Design

In the 26 years since the discovery of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) a major global research effort has illuminated many aspects of the viral life cycle, facilitating the development of targeted antivirals. Recently, effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens with >90% cure rates have become available for treatment of chronic HCV infection in developed nations, representing a significant advance towards global eradication. However, the high cost of these treatments results in highly restricted access in developing nations, where the disease burden is greatest. Additionally, the largely asymptomatic nature of infection facilitates continued transmission in at risk groups and resource constrained settings due to limited surveillance. Consequently a prophylactic vaccine is much needed. The HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 are located on the surface of viral lipid envelope, facilitate viral entry and are the targets for host immunity, in addition to other functions. Unfortunately, the extreme global genetic and antigenic diversity exhibited by the HCV glycoproteins represents a significant obstacle to vaccine development. Here we review current knowledge of HCV envelope protein structure, integrating knowledge of genetic, antigenic and functional diversity to inform rational immunogen design.
The Challenge of Christian Schooling in a Secular Society

This article evaluates the position of Christian schooling within a liberal democracy and the rights of Christians within a secular state. I challenge the fundamental liberal tenet of individual autonomy as the supreme goal of education and put the case that Christian schools are a vital part of a diverse, tolerant and inclusive society. Although intended as a theoretical resource, current developments in faith-based education in the United Kingdom are used to exemplify important political and philosophical arguments that will be of value to Christian educators in the United States and elsewhere.
How Are We Connected? - Measuring Audience Galvanic Skin Response of Connected Performances

Accurately measuring the audience response during a performance is a difficult task. This is particularly the case for connected performances. In this paper, we staged a connected performance in which a remote audience enjoyed the performance in real-time. Both objective (galvanic skin response and behaviours) and subjective (interviews) responses from the live and remote audience members were recorded. To capture galvanic skin response, a group of self-built sensors was used to record the electrical conductance of the skin. The results of the measurements showed that both the live and the remote audience members had a similar response to the connected performance even though more vivid artistic artefacts had a stronger effect on the live audience. Some technical issues also influenced the experience of the remote audience. In conclusion we found that the remoteness had little influence on the connected performance.
Universities after postmodernism

Universities have a contribution to make towards the creation of a more just society. To do so, not only must the new language from industry be challenged, there needs too to be a break from the postmodernist mindset which still defines much academic debate. Drawing on ideas from political economy, critical social science and feminist theory and practice this paper urges a re-positioning of higher education which requires moving on from the ‘linguistic turn’ towards a more ‘practical turn’. It proposes that mass university higher education has a future if it actively engages with adults from a much wider social spectrum than at present and if it re-engages with notions of the public nature of truth and values through working to articulate urgent problems with people other than academics.
Correlation between the occurrence of 1H‐MRS lipid signal, necrosis and lipid droplets during C6 rat glioma development

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between the 1H MRS mobile lipid signal, necrosis and lipid droplets in C6 rat glioma. First, the occurrence of necrosis and lipid droplets was determined during tumor development, by a histological analysis performed on 34 rats. Neither necrosis nor lipid droplets were observed before 18 days post‐implantation. At later stages of development, both necrosis and lipid droplets were apparent, the lipid droplets being mainly located within the necrotic areas. Using a second group of eight rats, a temporal correlation was evidenced between mobile lipid signal detected by in vivo single‐voxel one‐ (136 ms echo time) and two‐dimensional J‐resolved 1H MR spectroscopy, and the presence of necrosis and lipid droplets on the histological sections obtained from the brains of the same rats. Finally, spatial distribution of the mobile lipid signal was analyzed by chemical‐shift imaging performed on a third group of eight animals, at the end of the tumor growth. The spectroscopic image corresponding to the resonance of mobile lipids had its maximum intensity in the center of the tumor where necrotic regions were observed on the histological sections. These necrotic areas contained large amounts of lipid droplets. All these results suggest that mobile lipids detected in vivo by 1H MRS (136 ms echo time) in C6 rat brain glioma arise mainly from lipid droplets located in necrosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moving Towards ‘Us-Others’ Reciprocity: Implications of Glocalisation for Language Learning and Intercultural Communication

Abstract Learning new languages potentially gives people vital skills to build more successful relationships, and understanding the social influences at work today may help us to know which type of language education is most beneficial. This article explores three social influences – globalisation, localisation and glocalisation – from the perspective of their effect on language use. It is suggested that glocalisation provides the most useful term to describe the reality of social interaction at the start of the 21st century and that language education should be shaped by the impact of this social influence on language use. Te akoranga o ngā reo hou ka pakari te tangata ki ngā puukenga taketake, hei hanga whanaungātanga whai hua, me te mohio hoki ki nga tini āhuatanga e paa ana ki te mahi o te ao nei, ā, ka whai awhi tātou ki te mohio ko tēhea te momo whakaakoranga reo te mea tino manako. Ko tēnei tuhi pānui e rangahau ana i ngā āhuatanga e toru. Ko te ao, te taiwhanga, me te ao taiwhanga, mai hoki te aronga o ngā otinga mo ngā mahi reo. E mea ana ko te ‘ao taiwhanga’ te wāhanga tino pai ki te whakaaturia atu te ngako o te whakawhitwhiti, mai te tīmatatanga o te rautau rua tekau mā tahi, me te whakaaro kia whakaritengia ano te whakaakoranga reo mai te papātanga o ngā tini āhuatanga e pā ano ki ngā mahi reo.