Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Disorders Stigma in the Media: Review of Studies on Production, Content, and Influences

This article analyzes two decades of research regarding the mass media's role in shaping, perpetuating, and reducing the stigma of mental illness. It concentrates on three broad areas common in media inquiry: production, representation, and audiences. The analysis reveals that descriptions of mental illness and the mentally ill are distorted due to inaccuracies, exaggerations, or misinformation. The ill are presented not only as peculiar and different, but also as dangerous. Thus, the media perpetuate misconceptions and stigma. Especially prominent is the absence of agreed-upon definitions of “mental illness,” as well as the lack of research on the inter-relationships in audience studies between portrayals in the media and social perceptions. The analysis concludes with suggestions for further research on mass media's inter-relationships with mental illness.
Consumer web search behaviour: diagrammatic illustration of wayfinding on the web

External information search behaviour has long been of interest to consumer researchers. Experimental and post hoc survey research methodologies have typically used a large number of variables to record search activity. However, as these are usually considered in aggregate, there is little opportunity for the researcher to overview the search style of a consumer. To date, the diagrammatic illustration of search behaviour has been limited to experimental environments in which the available information was strictly bounded, for example, within databases or when information display boards have been used. This paper, which focuses largely on inter-site world wide web (WWW) search behaviour, discusses web search paradigms and the variables used to capture WWW search. It also provides a conceptual framework for the representation of external information search behaviour in diagrammatic form. The technique offers researchers an opportunity to holistically interpret information search data and search styles. The benefits include the identification of particular search styles, more precise interpretation of web search activity numeric data and the potential application for the training of web users to improve their search effectiveness.
Hydroxyl Ion Movements across the Human Erythrocyte Membrane

A stopped flow rapid reaction apparatus capable of following changes of ±0.02 pH unit in 0.1 ml of solution in less than 0.005 sec has been developed, utilizing a commercially available pH-sensitive glass electrode. Using this instrument, extracellular pH at 37°C was followed from less than 0.025 sec to 300 sec after mixing equal volumes of the following CO2-free solutions: (A) normal human red cells, washed three times and resuspended in 150 mM NaCl at pH 7.2 with a hematocrit of 18%; and, (B) 150 mM NaCl adjusted with HCl or NaOH to pH 2.1 to pH 10.3. A minimum of 2 ml of mixture had to flow through the electrode chamber to ensure complete washout. The mixing process produced a step change in the pH of the extracellular fluid, after which exchanges across the red cell membrane and buffering by intracellular hemoglobin caused it to return toward pH 7.2 with an approximately exponential time course. Under the assumption that pH changes after mixing represent exchanges of hydroxyl for chloride ions across the cell membrane, hydroxyl ion permeabilities (P OH - in cm/sec) were calculated and found to vary from 2 x 10-4 at pH 9 to 4 x 10-1 at pH 4 according to the empirical relationship P OH - = 170 exp (-1.51 pH). The form of the dependence of P OH - on extracellular pH does not appear compatible with a simple fixed charge theory of membrane permselectivity.
Ineffective esophageal motility and the vagus: current challenges and future prospects

Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) is characterized by low to very low amplitude propulsive contractions in the distal esophagus, hence primarily affecting the smooth muscle part of the esophagus. IEM is often found in patients with dysphagia or heartburn and is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. IEM is assumed to be associated with ineffective bolus transport; however, this can be verified using impedance measurements or evaluation of a barium coated marshmallow swallow. Furthermore, water swallows may not assess accurately the motor capabilities of the esophagus, since contraction amplitude is strongly determined by the size and consistency of the bolus. The “peristaltic reserve” of the esophagus can be evaluated by multiple rapid swallows that, after a period of diglutative inhibition, normally give a powerful peristaltic contraction suggestive of the integrity of neural orchestration and smooth muscle action. The amplitude of contraction is determined by a balance between intrinsic excitatory cholinergic, inhibitory nitrergic, as well as postinhibition rebound excitatory output to the musculature. This is strongly influenced by vagal efferent motor neurons and this in turn is influenced by vagal afferent neurons that send bolus information to the solitary nucleus where programmed activation of the vagal motor neurons to the smooth muscle esophagus is initiated. Solitary nucleus activity is influenced by sensory activity from a large number of organs and various areas of the brain, including the hypothalamus and the cerebral cortex. This allows interaction between swallowing activities and respiratory and cardiac activities and allows the influence of acute and chronic emotional states on swallowing behavior. Interstitial cells of Cajal are part of the sensory units of vagal afferents, the intramuscular arrays, and they provide pacemaker activity to the musculature that can generate peristalsis in the absence of innervation. This indicates that a low-amplitude esophageal contraction, observed as IEM, can be caused by a multitude of factors, and therefore many pathways can be potentially explored to restore normal esophageal peristalsis.
Application of Bionic Neural Network on Face Recognition Based on SVD and DCT

Based on the study of olfactory neural system, a bionic neural network has been constructed, which exhibits chaotic characteristics and has potential on pattern recognition. Extracting feature using SVD and DCT, this paper applies the bionic neural network on face recognition. Experimental results show that the network works efficiently for image pattern classification
Spontaneous neural activity during human slow wave sleep

Slow wave sleep (SWS) is associated with spontaneous brain oscillations that are thought to participate in sleep homeostasis and to support the processing of information related to the experiences of the previous awake period. At the cellular level, during SWS, a slow oscillation (<1 Hz) synchronizes firing patterns in large neuronal populations and is reflected on electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as large-amplitude, low-frequency waves. By using simultaneous EEG and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we characterized the transient changes in brain activity consistently associated with slow waves (>140 μV) and delta waves (75–140 μV) during SWS in 14 non-sleep-deprived normal human volunteers. Significant increases in activity were associated with these waves in several cortical areas, including the inferior frontal, medial prefrontal, precuneus, and posterior cingulate areas. Compared with baseline activity, slow waves are associated with significant activity in the parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, and brainstem, whereas delta waves are related to frontal responses. No decrease in activity was observed. This study demonstrates that SWS is not a state of brain quiescence, but rather is an active state during which brain activity is consistently synchronized to the slow oscillation in specific cerebral regions. The partial overlap between the response pattern related to SWS waves and the waking default mode network is consistent with the fascinating hypothesis that brain responses synchronized by the slow oscillation restore microwake-like activity patterns that facilitate neuronal interactions.
SoundScapes: non-formal learning potentials from interactive VEs

Non-formal learning is evident from an inhabited information space that is created from non-invasive multi-dimensional sensor technologies that source human gesture. Libraries of intuitive interfaces empower natural interaction where the gesture is mapped to the multisensory content. Large screen delivery and surround sound deliver the content for direct and immediate association between gesture and content response. Participant creative expression and game playing is stimulated toward engaged motivation in therapeutic sessions to optimize participation, both for client and facilitator. National and international bodies have consistently recognized SoundScapes which, as a research body of work, is directly responsible for numerous patents.
On-line data reduction and the quality of history in moving objects databases

In this work we investigate the quality bounds for the data stored in Moving Objects Databases (MOD) in the settings in which mobile units can perform an on-board data reduction in real time. It has been demonstrated that line simplification techniques, when properly applied to the large volumes of data pertaining to the past trajectories of the moving objects. result in substantial storage savings while guaranteeing deterministic error bounds to the queries posed to the MOD. On the other hand. it has also been demonstrated that if moving objects establish an agreement with the MOD regarding the (im)precision tolerance significant savings can be achieved in transmission when updating the location-in-time information. In this paper we take a first step towards analyzing the quality of the history in making in MOD by correlating the (impact of the) agreement between the server and the moving objects for on-line updates in real time with the error bounds of the data that becomes a representation of the past trajectories as time evolves.
Generation-recombination noise in highly asymmetrical p-n junctions

A previous theory for the current noise associated with carrier generation and recombination in the space-charge region of p–n junctions is recalculated for the case of a highly asymmetrical distribution of dopant impurities. We propose a model based on the true concentrations of electrons and holes and electric field in the space-charge layer. Carriers coming from the highly doped region create a layer of mobile charge in the depletion region of the less-doped zone. This charge, usually studied under forward-bias conditions, is neglected under reverse voltages. We have demonstrated that this mobile-charge layer, although located in a very tiny region compared to the width of the space-charge layer, is crucial in the study of charge fluctuations stimulated by generation-recombination centers. Experimental results have been successfully reproduced with our theory for reverse-biased p+–n diodes with deep centers located close to the metallurgical junction.
Locality of Reference in LU Decomposition with Partial Pivoting

This paper presents a new partitioned algorithm for LU decomposition with partial pivoting. The new algorithm, called the recursively partitioned algorithm, is based on a recursive partitioning of the matrix. The paper analyzes the locality of reference in the new algorithm and the locality of reference in a known and widely used partitioned algorithm for LU decomposition called the right-looking algorithm. The analysis reveals that the new algorithm performs a factor of $\Theta(\sqrt{M/n})$ fewer I/O operations (or cache misses) than the right-looking algorithm, where $n$ is the order of the matrix and $M$ is the size of primary memory. The analysis also determines the optimal block size for the right-looking algorithm. Experimental comparisons between the new algorithm and the right-looking algorithm show that an implementation of the new algorithm outperforms a similarly coded right-looking algorithm on six different RISC architectures, that the new algorithm performs fewer cache misses than any other algorithm tested, and that it benefits more from Strassen's matrix-multiplication algorithm.
Effects of Playing a Serious Computer Game on Body Mass Index and Nutrition Knowledge in Women

Background Obesity and weight gain is a critical public health concern. Serious digital games are gaining popularity in the context of health interventions. They use persuasive and fun design features to engage users in health-related behaviors in a non-game context. As a young field, research about effectiveness and acceptability of such games for weight loss is sparse. Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate real-world play patterns of SpaPlay and its impact on body mass index (BMI) and nutritional knowledge. SpaPlay is a computer game designed to help women adopt healthier dietary and exercise behaviors, developed based on Self-Determination theory and the Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS) model. Progress in the game is tied to real-life activities (e.g., eating a healthy snack, taking a flight of stairs). Methods We recruited 47 women to partake in a within-subject 90-day longitudinal study, with assessments taken at baseline, 1-, 2-, and 3- months. Women were on average, 29.8 years old (±7.3), highly educated (80.9% had BA or higher), 39% non-White, baseline BMI 26.98 (±5.6), who reported at least contemplating making changes in their diet and exercise routine based on the Stages of Change Model. We computed 9 indices from game utilization data to evaluate game play. We used general linear models to examine inter-individual differences between levels of play, and multilevel models to assess temporal changes in BMI and nutritional knowledge. Results Patterns of game play were mixed. Participants who reported being in the preparation or action stages of behavior change exhibited more days of play and more play regularity compared to those who were in the contemplation stage. Additionally, women who reported playing video games 1-2 hours per session demonstrated more sparse game play. Brief activities, such as one-time actions related to physical activity or healthy food, were preferred over activities that require a longer commitment (e.g., taking stairs every day for a week). BMI decreased significantly (P<.001) from baseline to 3-month follow-up, yielding a large effect size of 1.28. Nutritional knowledge increased significantly (P<.001) from first to third month follow-ups, with an effect size of . 86. The degree of change in both outcomes was related to game play, baseline readiness to change, and the extent of video game play in general. Conclusions This work demonstrates initial evidence of success for using a serious game as an intervention for health behavior change in real world settings. Our findings also highlight the need to understand not only game effectiveness but also inter-individual differences. Individualizing content and the intervention medium appears to be necessary for a more personalized and long-lasting impact.
Geometric constructions of the irreducible representations of GL m ( C )

In presenting the contents and the spirit of his 1997 article Geometric Methods in Representation Theory of Hecke Algebras and Quantum Groups V. Ginzburg asserts that recent developments and discoveries " have made representation theory, to a large extent, part of algebraic geometry ". In this brief work we are not able to describe all the deep reasons underneath this conclusion but at least we may corroborate it by showing how some representation-theoretic results follow, at times quite easily, when placed in the appropriate geometric context. In other words we give some examples of geometric constructions of the irreducible representations of the general linear group which make possible the use of certain geometrical methods to gain informations such as the dimensions, the characters of these representations, beyond obviously an explicit realization of themselves. The choice of the constructions we exhibit has been suggested by an article of J. Kamnitzer [K]. In particular this thesis deals with a Borel-Weil type construction and Ginzburg's work contained in his Representation Theory and Complex Geometry. The former dates back to the early 1950s in its original version and was extended by R. Bott in 1957; the latter is more recent and due to V. Ginzburg. Consequently the thesis is fundamentally divided into two parts besides a short chapter in which we recall the basics of representation theory for the general linear group, mainly to fix notation used throughout these pages. In chapter two we describe a realization of a family of irreducible representations of the general linear group on the space of global sections of certain line bundles defined on varieties of flags (of a given vector space) which in our case are not supposed to be complete, in this differing from the usual Borel-Weil construction. In fact we follow more closely the approach in Fulton's book Young Tableaux which provides a constructive version of the Borel-Weil theorem. Namely in the original Borel-Weil construction we gain any irreducible representation of highest weight taken among the dominant weights on the space of global sections of a line bundle, depending on the weight, on the variety of complete flags, whereas in our case also the flag variety varies together with the weight. The pro of this 3 4 choice is essentially that all the constructions become more " visible " , that is for example we are able in this setting to give an explicit formula …
Exploring Adaptor Grammars for Native Language Identification

The task of inferring the native language of an author based on texts written in a second language has generally been tackled as a classification problem, typically using as features a mix of n-grams over characters and part of speech tags (for small and fixed n) and unigram function words. To capture arbitrarily long n-grams that syntax-based approaches have suggested are useful, adaptor grammars have some promise. In this work we investigate their extension to identifying n-gram collocations of arbitrary length over a mix of PoS tags and words, using both maxent and induced syntactic language model approaches to classification. After presenting a new, simple baseline, we show that learned collocations used as features in a maxent model perform better still, but that the story is more mixed for the syntactic language model.
Autonomous Learning in Maze Solution by Octopus

We tested seven octopuses, Octopus vulgaris, in maze-learning experiments. They tried to reach the goal, so as to get a reward, by using various locomotory actions in the path, and sometimes encountered obstacles. They came to select efficient swimming actions in the path; afterwards less efficient tactile actions (crawling, staying put, and so on: these reduce the speed of movement) gradually increased, while time to detour around the obstacle was reduced. To investigate whether octopuses reduce time spent detouring around obstacles by estimating their actions in the path, we devised a trade-off situation in which octopuses were obliged to use tactile actions even though the set-up also encouraged them to use swimming actions. As a result, we could observe that they reduced the detouring time. In that way, we experimentally constituted a perspective as if octopuses looked around the whole maze and estimated their actions. Such a perspective appeared to be autonomous learning.
Out-Group Favouritism

In-group favouritism, the practice of treating fellow members of a group better than outsiders is commonplace in social life. It has been observed in the field and the laboratory. Treating people differently in this way is not only a source of tension between groups, when conflict occurs between groups, it may also be linked to the evolutionary development of altruistic or cooperative behaviour within the group. We report here on what may seem, in this context, a surprising experimental result: a form of out-group favouritism in a trust game that is played among the Gisu in Uganda. There is, however, some evidence in the experiment that the absence of in-group favouritism is accompanied by a negligible influence of group membership on trust between fellow group members. This is consistent with those evolutionary arguments which link parochialism (i.e. hostility to outsiders) to altruism (within the group) in the sense that the absence of one is also associated with the absence of the other. Both results reinforce the thought that evolutionary accounts of behaviour should not always assume inter-group hostility and more attention needs to be given to the circumstances under which the character of inter-group relations varies.
State-based curriculum-making: approaches to local curriculum work in Norway and Finland

This article investigates how state authorities in Norway and Finland design national curriculum to provide different policy conditions for local curriculum work in municipalities and schools. The topic is explored by comparing how national authorities in Norway and Finland create a scope for local curriculum. The data consist of interviews with educational administrators as well as curricula documents and guidance material from the national level. The findings indicate two ways that state-based curriculum-making can provide conditions for control. In Finland, local curriculum work is constructed as a pedagogical process for developing local curriculum. In Norway, local curriculum work is constructed as a process for applying and thereby delivering the national curriculum. This illuminates that forms of state-based curriculum imply various ways of local curriculum control.
Enhanced Exposure of the CD 4-Binding Site to Neutralizing Antibodies by Structural Design of a Membrane-Anchored Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp 120 Domain

Enhanced Exposure of the CD4-Binding Site to Neutralizing Antibodies by Structural Design of a Membrane-Anchored Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Domain Lan Wu, Tongqing Zhou, Zhi-yong Yang, Krisha Svehla, Sijy O’Dell, Mark K. Louder, Ling Xu, John R. Mascola, Dennis R. Burton, James A. Hoxie, Robert W. Doms, Peter D. Kwong, and Gary J. Nabel* Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, IMM-2, La Jolla, California 92037; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 356 Biomedical Research Bldg. II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Room 225 Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6076
Forward Guidance and Heterogeneous Beliefs

Central banks’ announcements that rates are expected to remain low could signal either a weak macroeconomic outlook, which would slow expenditures, or a more accommodative stance, which may stimulate economic activity. We use the Survey of Professional Forecasters to show that, when the Fed gave guidance between 2011:III and 2012:IV, these two interpretations coexisted despite a consensus on low expected rates. We rationalize these facts in a New-Keynesian model where heterogeneous beliefs introduce a trade-off in forward guidance policy: leveraging on the optimism of those who believe in monetary easing comes at the cost of inducing excess pessimism in non-believers. (JEL D83, E12, E43, E52, E58, E65)