Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Publication Activity Model for Finnish Universities

This paper presents a publication activity model that calculates a research aggregate for the study fields of Finnish universities. The aggregate is expressed in terms of full-time equivalent research years conditional to the actual number of publications in each publication category. The key problem of the model is estimating the effort coefficients for each field and category. We use a nonparametric estimator that combines information from the KOTA dataset on FTE research years, the number of publications, and responses to our questionnaire on research effort, which was targeted to all researchers in all Finnish universities. Given our results, it appears that a reliable quantitative valuation of research work cannot be based on international journal articles alone or on any common subset of categories for all the fields. Some of the fields are rather concentrated, with only one or two publication categories, but in the fields of the humanities and social sciences all the categories count. In the fields of law and education, the humanities, theology and social sciences, national categories are also important. The resulting research aggregate is useful as a measure of research output in total productivity calculations.
Social Security Reform and National Wealth

Recent trends in common stock prices suggest a distinction between increases in national net worth and flows of physical investment. In this paper we present a simple overlapping generations model in which such differences can arise: technological progress occurs exogenously, yet firms own new technologies for a time. We examine possible consequences for social security reform. Reform which increases private saving depletes part of its force raising the (capitalized) price of proprietary technologies. A calibrated example suggests an increase in physical capital one-third smaller than without inelastic factors. Both steady states and transition paths are considered. Copyright 2000 by The editors of the Scandinavian Journal of Economics.
Setting Priorities within Product‐Oriented Environmental Policy

To focus Danish product‐oriented environmental policy, a study applying extended input‐output analysis has been performed, identifying the most important product groups from an environmental perspective. The environmental impacts are analyzed from three different perspectives—the supply perspective, the consumption perspective, and the process perspective—differing primarily in their system delimitation. The top ten environmentally most important product groups (out of 138 industry products and 98 final consumption groups) are listed for each of the three perspectives, using both total environmental impact and environmental impact intensity as ranking principles. The study covers all substances that contribute significantly to the environmental impact categories of global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, nutrient enrichment, photochemical ozone formation, ecotoxicity, human toxicity, and nature occupation. The differences in results between the three perspectives are elaborated and their policy relevance discussed. The top ten product groups account for a surprisingly large share of the total environmental impact of Danish production and consumption (up to 45%, depending upon the perspective). This implies that product‐oriented environmental policy may achieve large improvements by focusing on a rather small number of product groups. Both imported products and products produced for export in general cause more environmental impact than products produced in Denmark for the Danish market. Especially noticeable are the export of meat and ship transport. This leads to the recommendation to include specific policy measures targeting both foreign producers and foreign markets. Because of its relatively large input of labor, public consumption is found to have a much smaller environmental impact intensity than private consumption. The results confirm results of other similar studies, but are more detailed and have lower uncertainty, due to a number of improvements in data and methodology. A short presentation of the methodology is provided as background information, although this is not the main focus of this article.
Gene Expression in Biopsies of Acute Rejection and Interstitial Fibrosis/Tubular Atrophy Reveals Highly Shared Mechanisms That Correlate With Worse Long‐Term Outcomes

Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) is found in approximately 25% of 1‐year biopsies posttransplant. It is known that IFTA correlates with decreased graft survival when histological evidence of inflammation is present. Identifying the mechanistic etiology of IFTA is important to understanding why long‐term graft survival has not changed as expected despite improved immunosuppression and dramatically reduced rates of clinical acute rejection (AR) (Services UDoHaH. http://www.ustransplant.org/annual_reports/current/509a_ki.htm). Gene expression profiles of 234 graft biopsy samples were obtained with matching clinical and outcome data. Eighty‐one IFTA biopsies were divided into subphenotypes by degree of histological inflammation: IFTA with AR, IFTA with inflammation, and IFTA without inflammation. Samples with AR (n = 54) and normally functioning transplants (TX; n = 99) were used in comparisons. A novel analysis using gene coexpression networks revealed that all IFTA phenotypes were strongly enriched for dysregulated gene pathways and these were shared with the biopsy profiles of AR, including IFTA samples without histological evidence of inflammation. Thus, by molecular profiling we demonstrate that most IFTA samples have ongoing immune‐mediated injury or chronic rejection that is more sensitively detected by gene expression profiling. These molecular biopsy profiles correlated with future graft loss in IFTA samples without inflammation.
Distributed optimization of electric vehicles recharge in an urban environment

The era of sustainable development has brought Electric Vehicles (EVs) to the spotlight. Since recharging an electric vehicle can take up to ten or more times the power consumption of a household, an increasing EV penetration in the market poses a challenge for the electricity companies. Using the Internet of Things (IoT) approach, we propose a model where electric vehicles communicate with the electrical grid infrastructure in order to determine the charging station where they should go to. We have consequently built a simulator, mixing both a microscopic traffic simulation and a complete network simulation including radio propagation analysis. In this work we run several simulations over a test map, taking service and network-level metrics, comparing four basic charging station assignment strategies. Our final analysis draws relevant conclusions concerning the fundamental aspects to take into account for developing a distributed system that optimizes the charging station assignation based on real-time network analysis and taking into account the grid's capacity.
Genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci analysis in asthma

Purpose of reviewExpression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping studies are the next most important step in genomics to identify susceptibility genes and molecular pathways involved in human diseases following the completion of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This article reviews the emerging concepts in genetics of gene expression and the empirical value of eQTL mapping to refine GWAS asthma susceptibility loci. Recent findingseQTL mapping studies were paramount to reveal the cis and trans control of gene expression, the cell type and tissue specificity of eQTLs, and the pleiotropic nature of eQTL single nucleotide polymorphisms. A small number of eQTL studies were recently performed in tissues and cell types that are relevant for asthma and are used to interpret the biology underpinning GWAS loci including the most robust asthma susceptibility locus on 17q21. SummaryThe full potential of eQTL mapping studies is just starting to be revealed. Imminent progress is expected owing to the accelerating advances in sequencing technologies to map genetic variants and transcriptomes as well as the development of bioinformatics and computational algorithms to exploit integrative genomic approaches. A short-term challenge in the field of asthma is the creation of well powered eQTL datasets testing gene expression and other molecular phenotypes in disease-relevant tissues.
Efficient In-Network Processing of Continuous Grouped Aggregation Queries in Sensor Networks

SUMMARY In this letter, we propose an energy-e ﬃ cient in-network processing method for continuous grouped aggregation queries in wireless sensor networks. As in previous work, in our method sensor nodes partially compute aggregates as data ﬂow through them to reduce data transferred. Di ﬀ erent from other methods, our method considers group information of partial aggregates when sensor nodes forward them to next-hop nodes in order to maximize data reduction by same-group partial aggregation. Through experimental evaluation, we show that our method outperforms the existing methods in terms of energy e ﬃ ciency.
The Performance of Venture Capital Investments: Do Investors Overreact?

Using a unique proprietary data set of over 5400 realized and unrealized venture capital investments between 1980 and 2005, we examine the impact of demand-related factors, e.g. entrepreneurial activity, as well as supply-related factors, i.e. money provided by VC investors, on the return of individual VC investments. This way, we are able to shed more light on the question whether volatile VC investment returns are rather driven by fundamental changes with regard to the number of attractive investment opportunities or by the overreaction by investors. We find that rising demand for VC, i.e. an increase in entrepreneurial activity, results initially in higher returns. However, our results also indicate that overreaction on the supply side can be observed, destroying deal-level results. Overfunding, specifically overinvesting seems to be a recurring characteristic of the VC industry. In fact, contra-cyclical investment strategies yield highest deal-level returns.
Developmental changes in the expression of potassium currents of embryonic, neonatal and mature mouse inner hair cells

Developmental changes in electrophysiological membrane properties of mouse cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) were studied from just after terminal differentiation up to functional maturity. As early as embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) newly differentiated IHCs express a very small outward K+ current that is largely insensitive to 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP). One day later the inward rectifier, IK1, is first observed. These immature cells initially exhibit only slow graded voltage responses under current clamp. From E17.5 spontaneous action potentials occur. During the first week of postnatal development, the outward K+ current steadily increases in size and a progressively larger fraction of the current is sensitive to 4‐AP. During the second postnatal week, the activation of the 4‐AP‐sensitive current, by now contributing about half of the outward K+ current, shifts in the hyperpolarizing direction. Together with an increase in size of IK1, this hyperpolarizes the cell, thus inhibiting the spontaneous spike activity, although spikes could still be evoked upon depolarizing current injection. Starting at about the onset of hearing (postnatal day 12, P12) immature IHCs make the final steps towards fully functional sensory receptors with fast graded voltage responses. This is achieved mainly by the expression of the large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ current IK,f, but also of a current indistinguishable from the negatively activating IK,n previously described in mature outer hair cells (OHCs). The 4‐AP‐sensitive current continues to increase after the onset of hearing to form the major part of the mature delayed rectifier, IK,s. By P20 IHCs appear mature in terms of their complement of K+ conductances.
The Government Service Delivery Project: A Case Study of the Push and Pull of Central Government Coordination

Fragmentation and the lack of appropriately coordinated government services are widely considered to be costly problems impeding effective and efficient government service provision. Moreover, there is a growing realization that many modern social issues have developed into meta-problems that cannot be resolved by the traditional single agency approach. Coordination of services through more cooperative and collaborative networks of relationships between government agencies has become a preferred strategy for many public administrators. This article gives an account of a public sector initiative aimed at enhancing service provision through the formation and management of interdepartmental networks of coordinative and cooperative action. It concludes that although networks are a useful mechanism of social coordination, their inherent benefits may be jeopardized when network management issues make them vulnerable to pressures from the centre.
Fluid Balance and Hydration Habits of Elite Female Field Hockey Players During Consecutive International Matches

MacLeod, H and Sunderland, C. Fluid balance and hydration habits of elite female field hockey players during consecutive international matches. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1245-1251, 2009-The purpose of this study was to assess sweat loss and hydration practices of elite female field hockey players during consecutive international matches. Eighteen England U21 field hockey players were assessed during 2 consecutive international matches. Sweat loss was assessed from changes in body mass after correction for the volume of fluid consumed and any urine loss. Players completed a questionnaire to assess hydration habits and practices. Mean (± SD) change in body mass after match 1 was −0.1 ± 0.6 kg compared with −0.3 ± 0.5 kg after match 2. This equates to a percentage level of body mass change of −0.2 ± 1.1% after match 1 and −0.5 ± 0.7% after match 2. Mean fluid intake was 1264 ± 394 mL during match 1 and 1216 ± 488 mL during match 2. Prematch urine osmolality was significantly higher before match 2 (425 ± 206 mOsm·kg−1) compared with match 1 (197 ± 110 mOsm·kg−1; p = 0.008). There was no significant difference between morning body mass changes (p = 0.97); however, 14 players experienced reductions in body mass. There were large interindividual differences in sweat loss and drinking habits in players, ranging from levels of dehydration reaching 2% body mass loss to net body mass gains of 2.4%. Fluid loss was moderate, and players were aware of the impact that dehydration has on performance. With regular substitutions, moderate conditions, and a sound knowledge of correct hydration practice, hydration status was well maintained despite playing consecutive matches.
Heteromerization of GPR55 and cannabinoid CB2 receptors modulates signalling

Heteromerization of GPCRs is key to the integration of extracellular signals and the subsequent cell response via several mechanisms including heteromer‐selective ligand binding, trafficking and/or downstream signalling. As the lysophosphatidylinositol GPCR 55 (GPR55) has been shown to affect the function of the cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB2 receptor) in human neutrophils, we investigated the possible heteromerization of CB2 receptors with GPR55.
Linkages between Agriculture, Trade and the Environment in the Context of the European Union Accession

This paper analyses the impact of trade on environment in Romania using a partial equilibrium model of bilateral trade in beef between Romania and the EU. We use a recursive dynamic model to analyse beef production and trade and adjust it as to include a component to evaluate the impact of liberalised trade due to Romania’s accession to the EU on groundwater and air quality. The environmental module of the model associates the pollution to the use of production inputs. We link the use of itrogen inputs (e.g., nitrogenous fertilisers, manure) to nitrogen loss through leaching/runoff into groundwater (nitrates) and greenhouse gases (emissions of nitrous oxide and methane). We compute the nitrogen loss through leaching/runoff into the groundwater based on the nitrogen balance and the greenhouse gases emissions as a function of applied nitrogen and the number of beef cattle. We consider two scenarios for the non-accession and accession case, produced a market outlook throughout the year 2011 based on assumptions regarding full trade liberalisation between the EU and Romania and income change in Romania and analysed the impact on environment. The increase in beef imports in the accession scenario at a higher rate than in the baseline scenario corresponds to a decrease in the groundwater and air pollution caused by cattle production.
Intensive glucose control in patients with diabetes prevents onset and progression of microalbuminuria, but effects on end-stage kidney disease are still uncertain

Commentary on: Ruospo M, Saglimbe VM, Palmer SC, et al . Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;6:CD010137. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that intensive glycaemic control reduces progression of albuminuria, but effects on later DKD stages and cardiovascular outcomes are less clear. This systematic review evaluated the benefits and harms of intensive versus standard glycaemic control on the onset and progression of DKD and mortality. This meta-analysis of published tabular data included RCTs assigning patients with diabetes (type 1 or 2) with and without kidney disease to intensive (glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) <7% or fasting blood glucose (FBG) <6.6 mmol/L) or standard glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥7% or FBG ≥6.6 mmol/L). Primary outcomes were doubling of serum creatinine, ESKD, and death or non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Secondary outcomes included measures of albuminuria, serum creatinine, measures of glomerular …
Mid‐gestation brain Doppler and head biometry in fetuses with congenital heart disease predict abnormal brain development at birth

Fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) show evidence of abnormal brain development before birth, which is thought to contribute to adverse neurodevelopment during childhood. Our aim was to evaluate whether brain development in late pregnancy can be predicted by fetal brain Doppler, head biometry and the clinical form of CHD at the time of diagnosis.
Optimal Feature Extraction Dimension in Finger Vein Recognition Using Kernel Principal Component Analysis

— In this paper the issue of dimensionality reduction is investigated in finger vein recognition systems using kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA). One aspect of KPCA is to find the most appropriate kernel function on finger vein recognition as there are several kernel functions which can be used within PCA-based algorithms. In this paper, however, another side of PCA-based algorithms -particularly KPCA-is investigated. The aspect of dimension of feature vector in PCA-based algorithms is of importance especially when it comes to the real-world applications and usage of such algorithms. It means that a fixed dimension of feature vector has to be set to reduce the dimension of the input and output data and extract the features from them. Then a classifier is performed to classify the data and make the final decision. We analyze KPCA (Polynomial, Gaussian, and Laplacian) in details in this paper and investigate the optimal feature extraction dimension in finger vein recognition using KPCA.
Expensed and sweat equity

Expensed investments are expenditures financed by the owners of capital that increase future profits but, by national accounting rules, are treated as an operating expense rather than as a capital expenditure. Sweat investment is financed by worker-owners who allocate time to their business and receive compensation at less than their market rate. Such investments are made with the expectation of realizing capital gains when the business goes public or is sold. But these investments are not included in GDP. Taking into account hours spent building equity while ignoring the output introduces an error in measured productivity and distorts the picture of what is happening in the economy. In this paper, we incorporate expensed and sweat equity in an otherwise standard business cycle model. We use the model to analyze productivity in the United States during the 1990s boom. We find that expensed plus sweat investment was large during this period and critical for understanding the dramatic rise in hours and the modest growth in measured productivity.
Transforming Indian Sign Language into Text Using Leap Motion

A sign language looks up the manual communication and body language to convey meaning, as opposed to acoustically conveyed sound patterns, which involve simultaneous combination of hand shapes, orientation and movement of hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thought. The Leap device tracks the data like point, wave, reach, grab which is generated by a leap motion controller. The system implements DTW combined with IS algorithm for converting the hand gestures into an appropriate text, aided by leap device that consists of inbuilt camera and two IR sensor to capture hand signals. Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP), a division of Artificial Intelligence which includes Natural Language Processing and Neural Networks. The IS invokes a trigger when the current environment changes dynamically, DTW handles gesture transformation mapped with similar patterns.
Zoledronic acid: an unending tale for an antiresorptive agent

Importance of the field: Therapy with zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a standard for patients with malignant bone disease. However, the antitumor effects of ZOL are demonstrated only in the preclinical setting and, therefore, they require pharmacological and molecular optimization. ZOL blocks protein isoprenylation, a pleiotropic and basic biochemical process within the cells regulating the activity of several proteins involved in survival and proliferating pathways. Areas covered in this review: The present review will cover different areas of research from pharmacology to cell biology and molecular biology regarding both direct and indirect anticancer effects of ZOL in humans. The challenge in demonstrating the clinical activity of ZOL is mainly based on its pharmacokinetic properties, which are discussed in detail. What the reader will gain: New data about the modes to overcome the limitations of ZOL and the following therapeutic strategies to implement its anticancer activity are described: i) development of pharmacological combinations; ii) finding of new molecular targets of ZOL; and iii) development of new pharmacological formulations of ZOL. Take home message: In conclusion, ZOL has still underestimated anticancer properties that require further investigation in both preclinical and clinical settings.
Sunrise in the knowledge economy: Managing, measuring and reporting intellectual capital

There are two aims of this introductory article: first, to draw attention to the gaps in the research literature; and second to stimulate further accounting and management research regarding intellectual capital by posing several possible research questions. Suggests that critical and social accounting academics have a vital role to play in making visible a number of important social issues that stem from understanding better the value of intellectual capital within both organisations and the wider social fabric. Also looks to possible new ways of accounting for intangibles within public and private sector organisations.