Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Electrical Coupling Effect for Monolithic 3-Dimensional Nonvolatile Memory Consisting of a Feedback Field-Effect Transistor Using TCAD

In this study, the electrical characteristics and electrical coupling effect for monolithic 3-dimensional nonvolatile memory consisting of a feedback field-effect transistor (M3D-NVM-FBFET) were investigated using technology computer-aided design. The M3D-NVM-FBFET consists of an N-type FBFET with an oxide–nitride–oxide layer and a metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET) in the top and bottom tiers, respectively. For the memory simulation, the programming and erasing voltages were applied at 18 and −18 V for 1 μs, respectively. The memory window of the M3D-NVM-FBFET was 1.98 V. As the retention simulation was conducted for 10 years, the memory window decreased from 1.98 to 0.83 V. For the M3D-NVM-FBFET, the electrical coupling that occurs through an electrical signal in the bottom-tier transistor was investigated. As the thickness of the interlayer dielectric (TILD) decreases from 100 to 10 nm, the change in the VTH increases from 0.16 to 0.87 V and from 0.15 to 0.84 V after the programming and erasing operations, respectively. M3D-NVM-FBFET circuits with a thin TILD of 50 nm or less need to be designed considering electrical coupling.
The urban poor and housing in Nigeria 1999-2007 : A case study of the urban poor and housing programme in Port Harcourt , Rivers state

BACKGROUND OF STUDY Urbanization and its consequences are worldwide phenomenon and the increasing size and scale of urban settlement is characteristic of contemporary era. Rapid population growth has been accompanied by rapid urbanization vis-a-vis rapid slum growth as well as rapid urban poverty. Consequently, the majority of the populations in some African cities live in abject poverty, illiteracy and in poor housing conditions.
Trans Fat Intake and Its Dietary Sources in General Populations Worldwide: A Systematic Review

After the discovery that trans fat increases the risk of coronary heart disease, trans fat content of foods have considerably changed. The aim of this study was to systematically review available data on intakes of trans fat and its dietary sources in general populations worldwide. Data from national dietary surveys and population studies published from 1995 onward were searched via Scopus and websites of national public health institutes. Relevant data from 29 countries were identified. The most up to date estimates of total trans fat intake ranged from 0.3 to 4.2 percent of total energy intake (En%) across countries. Seven countries had trans fat intakes higher than the World Health Organization recommendation of 1 En%. In 16 out of 21 countries with data on dietary sources, intakes of trans fat from animal sources were higher than that from industrial sources. Time trend data from 20 countries showed substantial declines in industrial trans fat intake since 1995. In conclusion, nowadays, in the majority of countries for which data are available, average trans fat intake is lower than the recommended maximum intake of 1 En%, with intakes from animal sources being higher than from industrial sources. In the past 20 years, substantial reductions in industrial trans fat have been achieved in many countries.
Power Prediction of a 15,000 TEU Containership: Deep-Learning Algorithm Compared to a Physical Model

The authors proposed a direct comparison between white- and black-box models to predict the engine brake power of a 15,000 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent unit) containership. A Simplified Naval Architecture Method (SNAM), based on limited operational data, was highly enhanced by including specific operational parameters. An OAT (one-at-a-time) sensitivity analysis was performed to recognize the influences of the most relevant parameters in the white-box model. The black-box method relied on a DNN (deep neural network) composed of two fully connected layers with 4092 and 8192 units. The network consisted of a feed-forward network, and it was fed by more than 12,000 samples of data, encompassing twenty-three input features. The test data were validated against realistic operational data obtained during specific operational windows. Our results agreed favorably with the results obtained for the DNN, which relied on sufficiently observed data for the physical model.
Recent Developments in the Detection of Organic Contaminants Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Combined with Various Analytical Techniques

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) encompass a diverse array of polymeric matrices that exhibit the unique capacity to selectively identify a designated template molecule through specific chemical moieties. Thanks to their pivotal attributes, including exceptional selectivity, extended shelf stability, and other distinct characteristics, this class of compounds has garnered interest in the development of highly responsive sensor systems. As a result, the incorporation of MIPs in crafting distinctive sensors and analytical procedures tailored for specific analytes across various domains has increasingly become a common practice within contemporary analytical chemistry. Furthermore, the range of polymers amenable to MIP formulation significantly influences the potential utilization of both conventional and innovative analytical methodologies. This versatility expands the array of possibilities in which MIP-based sensing can be employed in recognition systems. The following review summarizes the notable progress achieved within the preceding seven-year period in employing MIP-based sensing techniques for analyte determination.
Parameterizing actions to have the appropriate effects

Robots that are to perform their tasks reliably and skillfully in complex domains such as a human household need to apply both, qualitative and quantitative reasoning to achieve their goals. Consider a robot whose task is to make pancakes, and part of the plan is to put down the bottle with pancake mix after pouring it on the pan. The put-down location of the bottle is heavily under-specified but has a critical influence on the overall performance of the plan. For instance, when it places it at a location where it occludes other objects, the robot cannot see and grasp the occluded objects anymore unless the bottle is removed again. Other important aspects include stability and reachability. Objects should not flip over or fall. A badly chosen put-down location can “block” trajectories for grasping other objects that were valid before and can even prevent the robot from reaching these objects. In this paper, we show a lightweight and fast reasoning system that integrates qualitative and quantitative reasoning based on Prolog. We demonstrate how we implement predicates that make use of OpenGL, the Bullet physics engine and inverse kinematics calculation. Equipped with generative models yielding pose candidates, our system allows for the generation of action parameters such as put down locations under the constraints of the current and future actions in real time.
New insight in the Hawaiian plume swell dynamics from scaling laws

The formation and shape variation of the Hawaiian plume swell is re‐examined numerically. Scaling laws for the plume buoyancy flux and swell width and height help gaining new insight in relationships between swell formation and relevant model parameters, like plume temperature and size, and mantle rheology. A scaling law for the plume buoyancy F = Aη0−1.2Rp3. 5ΔTp2. 2 exp(1.3 × 10−8EΔTp), with background mantle viscosity η0, plume radius Rp, plume excess temperature ΔTp, and activation energy E fits numerical flux measurements within 8%. Scaling laws for the swell width and height have similar forms, and their multiplication resembles the buoyancy flux scaling law within 10%. These scaling laws suggest that the background mantle viscosity plays a significant role, and that the increased Hawaiian plume intensity ∼25 Ma ago is due to a plume excess temperature increase of 50%.
The role of sulphate-reducing bacteria in dolomite formation

dolomite formation, the microbial model proposed for Lagoa Vermelha could be confirmed both in situ and in the laboratory. Dolomite formed in colonies of bacterial cells and extracellular material in close spatial relation to bacterial cells, suggesting that bacteria become entombed with increased dolomite precipitation rates. Mixed cultures contained encrusted bacterial cells and dolomitized bacterial colonies, demonstrating bacterial fossilization processes which were also observed in Lagoa Vermelha sediment and can be used to recognize microbial dolomite. In addition, organic molecules were found to be enclosed and preserved inside dolomite crystals. These biomarkers indicated that parts of the bacterial membrane and cell wall are specifically preserved in the dolomite crystals, indicating their potential use as geochemical tracer for microbial dolomite through time. This study is a significant contribution to the understanding of modern sedimentary dolomite formation in anoxic environments. It confirms the microbial model proposed for Lagoa Vermelha and indicates that this model may be applicable to other geologic or environmental settings, such as beneath sabkhas and the deep subseafloor. Dolomite formation mediated by sulphate-reducing bacteria is likely to have been more significant in distinct episodes of Earth’s history when anoxic conditions and high salinity were more prevalent. Future research will build on these findings and will further address the role of sulphate-reducing bacteria in dolomite formation and estimate its contribution to the dolomite sedimentary budget.
Understanding the Effect of Electron Beam Melting Scanning Strategies on the Aluminum Content and Materials State of Single Ti-6Al-4V Feedstock

Research on the additive manufacturing of metals often neglects any characterization of the composition of final parts, erroneously assuming a compositional homogeneity that matches the feedstock material. Here, the composition of electron-beam-melted Ti-6Al-4V produced through three distinct scanning strategies (linear raster and two point melting strategies, random fill and Dehoff fill) is characterized both locally and globally through energy-dispersive spectroscopy and quantitative chemical analysis. As a result of the different scanning strategies used, differing levels of preferential vaporization occur across the various parts, leading to distinct final compositions, with extremes of ~5.8 wt. % Al and ~4.8 wt. % Al. In addition, energy-dispersive spectroscopy composition maps reveal specific features in both the XY and XZ planes (with Z being the build direction) as a result of local inhomogeneous preferential vaporization. The subsequent change in composition significantly modifies the materials’ state of parts, wherein parts and local regions with higher aluminum contents lead to higher hardness levels (with a ~50 HV difference) and elastic property values and vice versa. While varying scan strategies and scan parameters are known to modify the microstructure and properties of a part, the effect on composition cannot, and should not, be neglected.
Mexico on Track to Protect 30% of Its Marine Area by 2030

Mexico has committed to protecting 30% of its marine territory by 2030 to comply with Target 3 of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted during the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of meeting this commitment by determining the marine extent of conservation measures based on legally established Marine Protected Areas and areas that meet the criteria to be considered as Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) and determining the marine extent of areas proposed in various conservation planning exercises that can be created as any of the area-based instruments that exist in Mexico. The total coverage of existing and proposed areas was calculated by merging the dataset to remove duplicates and dissolving the boundaries between polygons to determine the total area. Spatial analysis was carried out in ArcGIS using geoprocessing tools. Currently, more than 25% of Mexico’s marine area is legally protected or conserved, with federal marine protected areas covering more than 22% of the Exclusive Economic Zone. The legally established areas that can be considered OECMs cover about 3% of the marine territory. We found that more than 9% of Mexico’s Economic Exclusive Zone contains areas of high conservation importance that are not covered by any area-based instrument. This study shows that Mexico has the potential to protect or conserve 32.8% of its marine territory by 2030.
Mechanical Behavior of Honeybee Forewing with Flexible Resilin Joints and Stripes

The flexibility of insect wings should be considered in the design of bionic micro flapping-wing aircraft. The honeybee is an ideal biomimetic object because its wings are small and possess a concise vein pattern. In this paper, we focus on resilin, an important flexible factor in honeybees’ forewings. Both resilin joints and resilin stripes are considered in the finite element model, and their mechanical behaviors are studied comprehensively. Resilin was found to increase the static deflections in chordwise and spanwise directions by 1.4 times and 1.9 times, respectively. In modal analysis, natural frequencies of the first bending and first torsional modes were found to be decreased significantly—especially the latter, which was reduced from 500 Hz to 217 Hz—in terms of resilin joints and stripes, closely approaching flapping frequency. As a result, the rotational angle amplitude in dynamic responses is remarkable, with an amplification ratio of about six. It was also found that resilin joints and stripes together lead to well-cambered sections and improve the stress concentrations in dynamic deformation. As resilin is widespread in insect wings, the study could help our understanding of the flexible mechanism of wing structure and inspire the development of flexible airfoils.
Early Cretaceous transition from nonaccretionary behavior to strongly accretionary behavior within the Franciscan subduction complex

During subduction at the Franciscan trench beginning at 170–160 Ma and continuing to the present, marine sedimentary and lesser volcanic rocks have been underthrust, accreted, and metamorphosed to form the Franciscan accretionary wedge. The South Fork Mountain Schist (SFMS) forms the eastern margin and structural top of the wedge and so was apparently the first unit of substantial size to accrete into the Franciscan. New U‐Pb ages of detrital zircons and 40Ar/39Ar ages of metamorphic white micas indicate that the SFMS accreted surprisingly late in the time span of Franciscan subduction, probably at ca. 123 Ma. At least parts of the Valentine Spring Formation and Yolla Bolly terrane accreted soon thereafter. Therefore, accretion of the SFMS apparently marks a fundamental transition from virtually nonaccretionary behavior to strongly accretionary behavior in the Franciscan forearc. About 75% of modern forearcs are nonaccretionary, so recognition of an early nonaccretionary period is consistent with modern examples. The Franciscan mafic high‐grade exotic blocks (and related very small slabs), which yield ca. 132 to 169 Ma metamorphic ages, are the only well‐documented rock record of the early ≈40‐m.y. ‐long nonaccretionary period and represent very sparse accretion during that interval. The transition into an accretionary regime at ca. 123 Ma was essentially synchronous with the end of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous magmatic lull in the Sierra Nevada magmatic arc, with the waning of Early Cretaceous faulting and warping within the Great Valley forearc basin, and possibly with changes in motion vectors of the Pacific and Farallon plates.
Benefits of Dual-Layer Spectral CT Imaging in Staging and Preoperative Evaluation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Imaging of pancreatic malignancies is challenging but has a major impact on the patients therapeutic approach and outcome. In particular with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), usually a hypovascularized tumor, conventional CT imaging can be prone to errors in determining tumor extent and presence of metastatic disease. Dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) is an emerging technique for acquiring spectral information without the need for prospective patient selection or specific protocols, with a detector capable of differentiating high- and low-energy photons to acquire full spectral images. In this review, we present the diagnostic benefits and capabilities of modern SDCT imaging with a focus on PDAC. We highlight the most useful virtual reconstructions in oncologic imaging and their benefits in staging and assessment of resectability in PDAC, including the assessment of tumor extent, vascular infiltration, and metastatic disease. We present imaging examples on a latest-generation SDCT scanner.
Supported Gold Catalysts for Base-Free Furfural Oxidation: The State of the Art and Machine-Learning-Enabled Optimization

Supported gold nanoparticles have proven to be highly effective catalysts for the base-free oxidation of furfural, a compound derived from biomass. Their small size enables a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, providing abundant active sites for the reaction to take place. These gold nanoparticles serve as catalysts by providing surfaces for furfural molecules to adsorb onto and facilitating electron transfer between the substrate and the oxidizing agent. The role of the support in this reaction has been widely studied, and gold–support interactions have been found to be beneficial. However, the exact mechanism of furfural oxidation under base-free conditions remains an active area of research and is not yet fully understood. In this review, we delve into the essential factors that influence the selectivity of furfural oxidation. We present an optimization process that highlights the significant role of machine learning in identifying the best catalyst for this reaction. The principal objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of research conducted over the past five years concerning the catalytic oxidation of furfural under base-free conditions. By conducting tree decision making on experimental data from recent articles, a total of 93 gold-based catalysts are compared. The relative variable importance chart analysis reveals that the support preparation method and the pH of the solution are the most crucial factors determining the yield of furoic acid in this oxidation process.
Sentinel lymph node mapping in endometrial cancer staging: Two-step technique with the da Vinci SP system

CA 19-9 were 19.7 U/mL and 69.2 U/mL, respectively. Robot-assisted surgical staging including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and retroperitoneal pelvic and paraaortic SLN biopsy was planned. Diluted ICG (1.25 mg/ mL, Dongindang Pharmaceuticals, Siheung, Korea) was prepared with an injection needle (0.7 mm needle tip, 330 mm working length, 5 mm diameter, 20 mm needle length; RZ Mediz-intechnik GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany). Fluorescent lymphatic channels were visualized using Firefly imaging system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). In this video, we described the procedure in 10 steps: (1) Exploration of abdominal cavity; (2) Peritoneal cytology; (3) Bilateral tubal ligation at fimbria; (4) ICG injection on the bilateral uterine cornus; (5) Paraaortic SLN; (6) ICG injection on the uterine cervix; (7) Pelvic SLN biopsy; (8) Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; (9) Saline irrigation of pelvic cavity; (10) Vaginal vault closure. Paraaortic SLNs were identified 15 minutes after ICG in - jection on the uterine cornus. After the paraaortic SLN biopsy, ICG was injected on the uterine cervix. Bilateral pelvic
Complex characteristics of slow slip events in subduction zones reproduced in multi‐cycle simulations

Since the discovery of slow slip events along subduction zone interfaces worldwide, dense geodetic and seismic networks have illuminated detailed characteristics of these events and associated tremor. High‐resolution observations of tremor, where the spatial‐temporal evolution is presumed to reflect that of the underlying slow slip events, show highly complex patterns in which the origins remain poorly understood. We present a new, computationally efficient modeling technique that reproduces many features of observed slow slip events, including slow initiation, coalescence of separate events, and rapid back‐propagation of renewed slip over previously slipped regions. Rapid back propagation speeds are explained as a consequence of rate‐ and state‐dependent frictional healing, consistent with analytical solutions developed in support of the simulations.
Interdental Bone Level around Immediately Placed Implants at Maxillary and Mandibular Molar Sites: A Retrospective Radiographic Analysis

Background and Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the amount of interdental bone loss between early and immediate implant placements. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 immediate implants and 16 early implants radiographs were included in the current research. The bone level was assessed at two different stages: at the extraction appointment (T1) and after three to six months of implant placement (T2). A line was drawn from the cemento-enamel junction connecting adjacent teeth to the interdental line connecting the interdental alveolar crest at both stages. The difference between measurements in the T1 and T2 stages is the bone loss measurement for the early implant group. For the immediate implant placement sites, the measurements were taken from the interdental bone crest to the implant platform level. Results: A Mann–Whitney U test was performed to evaluate the differences between both groups. The descriptive statistics of the T1 and T2 stages for both groups suggest that the bone loss in the T2 stage was generally higher than T1 stage. The immediate implant group showed higher bone loss compared to the early implant group. Moreover, there was significantly higher bone loss (p = 0.039) in the immediate implant group compared to the early implant group. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that immediate implant might have disadvantages over early implant in terms of bone loss after the extraction of maxillary and mandibular molar teeth.
Distribution and Natural History of the Ecuadorian Snake Dipsas andiana (Boulenger, 1896) (Colubridae: Dipsadinae) with Considerations on Its Conservation Status

The distribution and natural history of Dipsas andiana (Boulenger, 1986), a little-known snake endemic to Ecuador, are revised, and new records are presented that extend its geographical and altitudinal range. A conservation status assessment indicates that D. andiana would classify for the IUCN category «Near Threatened (NT)». The ecological distribution of the species is apparently related with seasonal forests of the West Ecuadorian zone, a recently recognized biogeographic area between the very humid Choco and the dry Tumbesian zone.