Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Time-Resolved PM2.5 Data in Urban/Suburban Areas of New Jersey

ABSTRACT Time-resolved data is needed for public notification of unhealthful air quality and to develop an understanding of atmospheric chemistry, including insights important to control strategies. In this research, continuous fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentrations were measured with tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs) across New Jersey from July 1997 to June 1998. Data features indicating the influence of local sources and long-distance transport are examined, as well as differences between 1-hr maxima and 24-hr average concentrations that might be relevant to acute health effects. Continuous mass concentrations were not significantly different from filter-collected gravimetric mass concentrations with 95% confidence intervals during any season. Annual mean PM2.5 concentrations from July 1997 to June 1998 were 17.3, 16.4, 14.1, and 15.3 μg/m3 at Newark, Elizabeth, New Brunswick, and Camden, NJ, respectively. Monthly averaged 24- and 1-hr daily maximum PM2.5 concentrations suggest the existence of a high PM2.5 (May-October) and a low PM2.5 (November-April) season. PM2.5 magnitudes and temporal trends were very similar across the state during high PM2.5 events. In fact, the between-site coefficients of determination (R2) for daily PM2.5 measurements were 84-98% for June and July. Additionally, during the most pronounced PM2.5 episode, PM2.5 concentrations closely tracked the daily maximum 1-hr O3 concentrations. These observations suggest the importance of transport and atmospheric chemistry (i.e., secondary formation) to PM2.5 episodes in New Jersey. The influence of local sources was observed in diurnal concentration profiles and annual average between-site differences. Urban wintertime data illustrate that high 1-hr maximum PM2.5 concentrations can occur on low 24-hr PM2.5 days.
Children's Computation of Implicatures

Even though some is semantically compatible with all, it is used in (1) to commu? nicate "some but not all. " According to the traditional Gricean account of such ex? amples, given that B could have used a more informative term (all) and as it would have been relevant to use all if it were true, A is entitled to infer that B is not, in fact, in a position to offer a statement containing all? most probably be? cause such a statement is not true. Similar interpretations arise with logical con? nectives ("A or B" -^ not A andB), modals ("possibly x" -> not certainly x), and a variety of other terms that can be seen to fall on an informational scale (see Grice (1989), Horn (1972; 1984); for varying perspectives, see Carston (1990; 1998), Chierchia (2001), Gazdar (1979), Levinson (2000), Sperber and Wilson (1986)). Several studies show that preschool children have difficulties computing Sis. Chierchia, Crain, Guasti, Gualmini, and Meroni (2001) and Gualmini, Crain,
Metabolic engineering of cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) synthesis and regeneration in Escherichia coli for production of α‐keto acids

Cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) plays a vital role in many FAD‐dependent enzymatic reactions; therefore, how to efficiently accelerate FAD synthesis and regeneration is an important topic in biocatalysis and metabolic engineering. In this study, a system involving the synthesis pathway and regeneration of FAD was engineered in Escherichia coli to improve α‐keto acid production—from the corresponding l‐amino acids—catalyzed by FAD‐dependent l‐amino acid deaminase (l‐AAD). First, key genes, ribH, ribC, and ribF, were overexpressed and fine‐tuned for FAD synthesis. In the resulting E. coli strain PHCF7, strong overexpression of pma, ribC, and ribF and moderate overexpression of ribH yielded a 90% increase in phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) titer: 19.4 ± 1.1 g · L−1. Next, formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and NADH oxidase (NOX) were overexpressed to strengthen the regeneration rate of cofactors FADH2/FAD using FDH for FADH2/FAD regeneration and NOX for NAD+/NADH regeneration. The resulting E. coli strain PHCF7‐FDH‐NOX yielded the highest PPA production: 31.4 ± 1.1 g · L−1. Finally, this whole‐cell system was adapted to production of other α‐keto acids including α‐ketoglutaric acid, α‐ketoisocaproate, and keto‐γ‐methylthiobutyric acid to demonstrate the broad utility of strengthening of FAD synthesis and FADH2/FAD regeneration for production of α‐keto acids. Notably, the strategy reported herein may be generally applicable to other flavin‐dependent biocatalysis reactions and metabolic pathway optimizations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1928–1936. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Persistence of intestinal antibody response to heterologous rotavirus infection in a murine model beyond 1 year

We used an ELISPOT (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot) assay to quantitate the long-term rotavirus-specific intestinal antibody response in a murine model. The frequency of murine intestinal antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) was followed for a period of 1 year after a single dose of rhesus rotavirus (10(6) PFU) was administered at 10 days of age. Some animals were boosted at that time with a second dose. One year after infection, virus-specific ASCs declined from acute-phase levels, but they were still present at significant levels (1.32 x 10(4) virus-specific ASCs per 10(6) intestinal mononuclear cells; approximately 17% of the previously reported response at 1 month after infection). A booster dose 1 year after the primary infection produced a 100% increase in virus-specific ASCs but did not restore the response to that of the primary infection.
A carboxy-terminus motif of HKalpha2 is necessary for assembly and function.

BACKGROUND The present experiments were designed to study the importance of the carboxy-terminus of HKalpha2, for both function and integrity of assembly with beta1-Na+,K+-ATPase. METHODS For this purpose, stop codons were created, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), at different positions in the carboxy-terminus of HKalpha2. Subsequently, chimeras between HKalpha2 and the carboxy-terminus of alpha1-Na+,K+-ATPase or with the carboxy-terminus of the gastric H+,K+-ATPase were created. Human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells were used as expression systems for functional studies using 86Rb+ uptake and alpha/beta assembly using specific antibodies. RESULTS The results demonstrate that the entire carboxy-terminus of HKalpha2 is required for optimal protection of the alpha/beta complex from degradation and for functionality as evidenced by 86Rb+ uptake. The results also demonstrate that there was flexibility in the sequence of the carboxy-terminus. The last two tyrosines (Y1035Y1036) of HKalpha2 could be mutated to alanines and the carboxy-terminus of HKalpha2 could be replaced by the carboxy-terminus of alpha1-Na+,K+-ATPase while preserving transport activity. CONCLUSION The entire carboxy-terminus of HKalpha2 is required for stable assembly with beta1-Na+,K+-ATPase and functionality.
Writing CGI scripts in Tcl

CGI scripts enable dynamic generation of HTML pages. This paper describes how to write CGI scripts using Tcl. Many people use Tcl for this purpose already but in an ad hoc way and without realizing many of the more nonobvious benefits. This paper reviews these benefits and provides a framework and examples. Canonical solutions to HTML quoting problems are presented. This paper also discusses using Tcl for the generation of different formats from the same document. As an example, FAQ generation in both text and HTML are described.
Separate chemical inhibitors of long-term and short-term memory: contrasting effects of cycloheximide, ouabain and ethacrynic acid on various learning tasks in chickens

Cycloheximide injected into the brains of chickens 10 min before training does not effect their learning of a visual discrimination task, or memory of that task for at least 1 h after training. When tested 24 h later no memory of the training procedure is detectable. In contrast, ouabain injected 10 min before training prevents the expression of learning during training. The block lasts for up to 1 h, but from that time on memory begins to appear. Ouabain does not affect performance when injected just before testing for memory retention 24 h after training. It therefore affects neither the readout of long-term memory nor motivation nor perceptual abilities necessary for performance of the learning task. In birds treated with ouabain, after training on an operant task for heat reward by a procedure requiring a fixed number of reinforcements, memory is absent 20 min later but is well established at 24 h. Cycloheximide blocks long-term memory of this task. Like ouabain, ethacrynic acid, injected into the brain of chickens 10 min before training prevents the expression of learning of visual discrimination. Ethacrynic acid hastens the decline of memory after one-trial passive avoidance learning. It also blocks observational learning. We conclude that ouabain and ethacrynic acid block access to short-term memory, whereas cycloheximide interferes with the registration of long-term memory. Comparing the pharmacology of ethacrynic acid and ouabain their common known actions are on the Na/K fluxes across cell membranes. We suggest that long lasting changes in distribution of these ions in recently active nerve cells may be at the basis of access to memory during and shortly after learning.
Scaling up copy detection

Recent research shows that copying is prevalent for Deep-Web data and considering copying can significantly improve truth finding from conflicting values. However, existing copy detection techniques do not scale for large sizes and numbers of data sources, so truth finding can be slowed down by one to two orders of magnitude compared with the corresponding techniques that do not consider copying. In this paper, we study how to improve scalability of copy detection on structured data. Our algorithm builds an inverted index for each shared value and processes the index entries in decreasing order of how much the shared value can contribute to the conclusion of copying. We show how we use the index to prune the data items we consider for each pair of sources, and to incrementally refine our results in iterative copy detection. We also apply a sampling strategy with which we are able to further reduce copy-detection time while still obtaining very similar results as on the whole data set. Experiments on various real data sets show that our algorithm can reduce the time for copy detection by two to three orders of magnitude; in other words, truth finding can benefit from copy detection with very little overhead.
A product line based aspect-oriented generative unit testing approach to building quality components

The quality of component-based systems highly depends on how effectively testing is carried out. To achieve the maximal testing effectiveness, this paper presents a product line based aspect oriented approach to unit testing. The aspect product line facilitates the automatic creation of aspect test cases that deal with specific quality requirements. An expandable repository of reusable aspect test cases has been developed. A prototype tool is built to verify and lever up the approach.
A contribution to the analysis of inequalities in health in France using indicators of self-assessed health

This dissertation is devoted to two main topics: the measurement and the explanation of health within an analysis of inequalities in health status. In chapter 1, we review health indicators which are commonly used within empirical analyses and take part in the debate on the use of self-assessed health. We show that there is a challenge to apply recent methodological refinements of the measurement of health proposed in the international literature, which at present, lacks in the French context. Chapter 2 develops an innovative method of constructing a concrete measure of health by taking into account an individual health information being considered less subjective, namely the number of diseases and their respective severity level. Moreover, the construction considers several variables which are classically collected in health surveys. Chapter 3 describes, within a framework applied to health, measurement tools such as stochastic dominance and inequality indices, which are commonly used for inequalities analyses. In chapter 4, we analyse income-related inequalities in health in France in 2004 and in the period 1998-2004. The analysis shows income-related inequalities in health favouring socially advantaged groups. These inequalities have nevertheless decreased between 1998 and 2004, this reduction driven by a lower elasticity of health with income and lower inequalities in income over socioeconomic groups. The analysis being carried out with alternative measurements of health, inequalities in health appear to vary quantitatively with both the number of categories of self-assessed health and the distribution of health used to cardinalise this variable. Chapter 5 investigates the explanation of health status in adulthood according to social and family background, as measured by the mother's and the father's socioeconomic status, as well as their respective longevity. Three methods are used. The first approach emphasises that distributions of health of individuals born to a father or a mother in higher socioeconomic statuses significantly dominate distributions of health of individuals born to a father or a mother in lower socioeconomic statuses. The parametric approach confirms the effect of social background on health in adulthood. Furthermore, it shows that health in adulthood can be explained significantly by parents' longevity. To conclude, concentration indices of inequalities describe inequalities favouring individuals whose parents had lived longer and inequalities in health favouring individuals born to socially advantaged families. Therefore, this chapter concludes that in France there is a family and social determinism in health.
Increased protected sex and abstinence among Namibian youth following a HIV risk‐reduction intervention: a randomized, longitudinal study

Objective:To evaluate an HIV risk-reduction intervention among Namibian adolescents. Methods:A randomized trial of a 14-session face-to-face intervention emphasizing abstinence and safer sexual practices conducted among 515 youths (median age 17 years and median grade 11) attending 10 secondary schools located in two districts in Namibia. Youths were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition at the level of the individual. HIV risk behaviours, intentions and perceptions were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention and at 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Results:Among all 515 youths who enrolled in the programme, rates of either abstinence or sex with a condom were not different between control and intervention youths at baseline or in the follow-up period. However, analyses conducted among the subset of youths who were sexually inexperienced at baseline (n = 255) revealed that a higher percentage of intervention youths (17%) than control youths (9%, P < 0.05) remained sexually inexperienced one year later. Moreover, in the immediate post-intervention period, among baseline virgins who subsequently initiated sex, intervention youths were more likely than control youths to use a condom (18 versus 10%, P < 0.05). Additional HIV-related risk behaviours (failure to discuss previous HIV risk exposure with one's sexual partner and alcohol use), intentions to use condoms, and perceptions of the ability to use condoms were positively affected by the intervention. Conclusions:There is evidence that the ‘My Future is My Choice’ (MFMC) intervention is reducing HIV risk behaviours among sexually inexperienced participants aged 15–18. Related risk behaviours and perceptions are also positively impacted by the intervention.
Association between cigarette smoking and interleukin-17A expression in nasal tissues of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma

AbstractCigarette smoke plays a substantial role in the development of airway inflammatory diseases, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Interleukin (IL)-17A might contribute to cigarette smoke-related inflammation of the airway. This study aimed to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and IL-17A expression in the nasal tissues of patients with CRS and asthma.We prospectively recruited 24 patients (13 smokers, 11 nonsmokers) with CRS and asthma and 6 patients with asthma but without CRS (control group) in a tertiary medical center. Nasal mucosa was obtained as part of the nasal surgery. Protein and mRNA levels of IL-17A in the nasal tissues were determined by immunostaining and real-time polymerase chain reaction.The number of unexpected emergency clinic visits for acute asthma attacks were higher among smokers than among nonsmokers. Interleukin-17A protein and mRNA levels in the nasal tissues of smokers were greater compared to those in the nasal tissues of nonsmokers (P = 0.02 both) and control patients (P = 0.05 and 0.04, respectively). Cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in the number of unexpected emergency clinic visits due to acute asthma attack and in the expression of IL-17A in the nasal tissues of patients with airway inflammatory diseases.
Prevalence and pattern of utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services and HIV infection in Ogbomoso, southwestern Nigeria

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, infection has been a major problem across the globe with a high socioeconomic burden. Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is a measure put in place to encourage people to know their HIV status with essential counseling support to help them cope with a positive or a negative test result. This study was carried out to determine the utilization of VCT services, prevalence of HIV among VCT attendees, and the distribution of the viral infection based on gender and age in Ogbomoso, an urban community, southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The health records of patients in Adebayo Alata Primary Health Centre, Ogbomoso South, Nigeria, between 2008 and 2011, were used. Results: A total of 1,490 patients used the VCT services during the period of study, out of which 271 (18.19%) were males and 1,219 (81.81%) were females. A consistent number of people used the VCT service throughout the period of study. HIV infection was higher in females (2.15%) than males (0.54%). The viral infection was more prevalent in people above 14 years of age (2.62%). However, none of these differences observed in gender and age were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that HIV infection has neither gender nor age bias. Efforts should be made to increase the provision of VCT services and ensure its continued utilization in an attempt to maintain a healthy social and reproductive health culture, improve maternal and child health in the context of HIV transmission, and improve global child survival.
Novel Multi-User MIMO Scheme Based on Successive Interference Cancellation

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology using multiple transmit and receive antennas is considered one of essential elements for wireless communication systems in order to achieve the required spectral efficiency and high data rates. In this paper, we propose new multi-user preceding MIMO schemes named successive interference cancellation (SIC) based Per User and Stream Rate Control (S-PUSRC), and modified S-PUSRC, which are characterized by SIC based multiple stream reception and the feedback of decoding order for efficient multi-user scheduling. Additionally, a number of simulation results are presented.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium: Catheter Colonization, esp Gene, and Decreased Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Biofilm

ABSTRACT To evaluate the molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility in biofilm of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) organisms that had caused catheter-related VREF bacteremia (VREF-CRB), we compared 22 isolates causing bacteremia obtained from patients with VREF-CRB with 30 isolates from control patients with gastrointestinal colonization by VREF. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we identified 17 unique strains among the 22 VREF-CRB isolates and 23 strains among the gastrointestinal isolates. The esp gene was detected in 53% (9 of 17) of the VREF-CRB and 61% (14 of 23) of the control strains (P = 0.6). VREF-CRB produced heavier biofilm colonization of silicone disks than did control organisms (P < 0.001). Daptomycin, minocycline, and quinupristin-dalfopristin were each independently more active than linezolid in reducing biofilm colonization by VREF-CRB (P < 0.01), with daptomycin being the most active, followed by minocycline. In conclusion, the esp gene in VREF is not associated with heavy biofilm colonization or catheter-related bacteremia. In biofilm, daptomycin and minocycline were the most active antibiotics against VREF, and linezolid was the least active.
Estimating the unquenched strange quark mass from the lattice axial Ward identity

We present a determination of the strange quark mass for two flavors (${n}_{f}=2$) of light dynamical quarks using the axial Ward identity. The calculations are performed on the lattice using $O(a)$ improved Wilson fermions and include a fully nonperturbative determination of the renormalization constant. In the continuum limit we find ${m}_{s}^{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}(2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV})=111(6)(4)(6)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, using the force scale ${r}_{0}=0.467\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$, where the first error is statistical, the second and third are systematic due to the fit and scale uncertainties, respectively. Results are also presented for the light quark mass and the chiral condensate. The corresponding results are also given for ${r}_{0}=0.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$.
Word sense induction using independent component analysis

This paper explores the possibilities of using independent component analysis (ICA) for features extraction that could be applied to word sense induction. Two different methods for using the features derived by ICA are introduced and results evaluated. Our goal in this paper is to observe whether ICA based feature vectors can be efficiently used for word context encoding and subsequently for clustering. We show that it is possible, further research is, however, necessary to ascertain more reliable results.
Stress im Puls

Summary Wiederkehrende oder dauernde Stressreize verschieben die sympathovagale Balance zugunsten der Sympathikusaktivität. Damit gehen Belastbarkeit und Adaptionsfähigkeit zurück, bis hin zu einem Ausfall der autonomen Regulation und ernsthafter Erkrankung. Sympathische und parasympathische Aktivität wirken sich direkt auf den Sinusknoten aus und verursachen jeweils ein charakteristisches, atemassoziiertes Herzfrequenzmuster in Form periodischer Pulsbeschleunigung und -verlangsamung. Die über ein EKG der Brustwand gewonnenen Daten liefern mittels der Herzratenvariabilität eine präzise Information über den Stressstatus und eignen sich damit auch als Verlaufs- und Frühdiagnostik zur Prävention oder frühzeitigen Erkennung von Stresserkrankungen.