Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Derivation and Calibration of a Transient Error Reliability Model

In this paper a new modeling methodology to characterize failure processes in digital computers due to hardware transients is presented. The basic assumption made is that system sensitivity to hardware transient errors is a function of critical resources usage. The failure rate of a given resource is approximated by a deterministic function of time, depending on the average workload of that resource, plus a Gaussian process. The probability density function of the time to failure obtained under this assumption has a decreasing hazard function, explaining why decreasing hazard function densities such as the Weibull fit experimental data so well. Data on transient errors obtained from several systems are analyzed. Statistical tests confirm the good fit between decreasing hazard distributions and actual data. Finally, models of common fault-tolerant redundant structures are developed using decreasing hazard function distributions. The analysis indicates significant differences between reliability predictions based on the exponential distribution and those based on decreasing hazard function distributions. Reliability differences of 0.2 and factors greater than 2 in Mission Time Improvement are seen in model results. System designers should be aware of these differences.
Position Paper : Improving Browsing Environment Compliance Evaluations for Websites

Though it would be ideal for web pages to render and function consistently across heterogeneous browsing environments, the browser, browser version, and operating system used to navigate and interact with web content is known to have a significant impact on the subsequent level of user accessibility. While research endeavors directed toward improving web accessibility have generally focused on addressing usability issues for individuals with physical limitations, providing accessible information and services for the entire web population also encompasses addressing the limitations of devices and platforms used to deploy web pages. We propose that more research be invested in the latter issue to facilitate the development of effective tools for detecting browsing environment influenced usability issues before inaccessible pages are released in the field.
TGF‐β regulates the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting PIK3R3 expression

PIK3R3, an isoform of class IA phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), specifically interacts with cell proliferation regulators, such as retinoblastoma and proliferation cell nuclear antigen, to promote cell proliferation. However, the mechanisms behind the upstream signaling pathway of PIK3R3 remain unclear to date. This study showed that PIK3R3 expression was regulated by transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling and that PIK3R3 mediated the TGF‐β‐induced inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. TGF‐β down‐regulated PIK3R3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, this TGF‐β‐induced inhibition of cell proliferation can be attenuated by PIK3R3 overexpression. In addition, TGF‐β can attenuate the transcriptional activity of NKX2.1, a transcription factor that binds to the promoter of PIK3R3. This result indicated that TGF‐β regulated PIK3R3 expression by targeting NKX2.1. We confirmed the correlation between NKX2.1 and PIK3R3 in clinical samples. Therefore, the TGF‐β/NKX2.1/PIK3R3 axis is crucial in the TGF‐β‐induced inhibition of cell proliferation, and the NKX2.1/PIK3R3 axis might become a target in TGF‐β receptor‐repressed lung adenocarcinoma. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pricing, provisioning and peering: dynamic markets for differentiated Internet services and implications for network interconnections

This paper presents a decentralized auction-based approach to pricing of edge-allocated bandwidth in a differentiated services Internet. The players in our network economy model are one raw-capacity seller per network, one broker per service per network, and users, to play the roles of whole-sellers, retailers, and end-buyers, respectively, in a two-tier wholeseller/retailer market, which is best interpreted as a "sender-pay" model. With the progressive second price auction mechanism as the basic building block, we conduct a game theoretic analysis, deriving optimal strategies for buyers and brokers, and show the existence of networkwide market equilibria. In addition to pricing, another key consideration in building differentiated network services is the feasibility of maintaining stable and consistent service level agreements across multiple networks where demand-driven dynamic allocations are made only at the edges. Based on the proposed game-theoretic model, we are able to construct an explicit necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of the game, which determines the sustainability of any set of service level agreement configurations between Internet service providers. These analytical results are validated with simulations of user and broker dynamics, using the distributed progressive second price auction as the spot market mechanism in a scenario with three interconnected networks, and two services based on the proposed standard expedited forwarding and assured forwarding per-hop behavior.
Value-Added Modeling and Educational Accountability

Value-added estimates of teacher or school quality are increasingly used for both high- and low-stakes accountability purposes, making understanding of their limitations critical. A review of the recent value-added literature suggests three concerns with the state of the research. First, the issues receiving the most research attention have not always been the concerns of greatest importance to theorists or critics. Second, there has been insufficient research on the interactions among various issues or assumption violations. Third, some of the big issues in value-added modeling have been challenging to address and may require educators to step back and answer some underlying philosophical questions about the nature of teacher and school quality.
User-level transactional programming in Haskell

Correct handling of concurrently accessed external resources is a demanding problem in programming. The standard approaches rely on database transactions or concurrency mechanisms like locks. The paper considers two such resources, global variables and databases, and defines transactional APIs for them in Haskell. The APIs provide a novel flavor of user-level transactions which are particularly suitable in the context of web-based systems. This suitability is demonstrated by providing a second implementation in the context of WASH, a Haskell-based Web programming system. The underlying implementation framework works for both kinds of resources and can serve as a blueprint for further implementations of user-level transactions. The Haskell type system provides an encapsulation of the transactional scope that avoids unintended breakage of the transactional guarantees.
Genetic moderation of community and family level environments

In the ecological systems perspective, individuals are viewed as developing within a set of embedded social contexts. The transactional concept that is central to this perspective underscores the bidirectional nature of human development, which is a product of ongoing interactions between an individual and the environment. The bioecological model further emphasizes that individual-level biological factors can interact with a broad array of multiplelevel contexts to affect human development. Over the past two decades, investigations of how an individual’s genetic status interacts with the environment have transformed studies from the bioecological perspective. To date, these studies have focused on the genetic status of youth or children interacting with aspects of their social ecology, usually the family environment. Despite calls for inclusion of the intricate interplay among multiple levels of social contexts and personal biological characteristics, including genotype, little research has considered the complexity inherent in the bioecological perspective. This dissertation is designed to address this need. In the first study, I examine a series of youth and parent G × E effects linking community disadvantage to youth risk behavior. This study tests the hypothesis that parental genotype × community disadvantage will influence parenting behavior, which, in turn, will interact with youth genotype to predict youth’s planful future orientation, a proximal predictor of risk behavior. In the second study, I investigate transactional relations between parenting practices and child self-regulation considering the genetic status of both parent and child. This study examines the interaction effect of parenting practices and children’s genotypes on their self-regulation, which, in turn, interacts with parental genotypes to predict changes in parenting behavior. INDEX WORDS: Bioecology, Gene by environment interaction, Community disadvantage, Parenting practices, Future orientation, Risk behavior, Self-regulation, Dopaminergic genes GENETIC MODERATION OF COMMUNITY AND FAMILY LEVEL ENVIRONMENTS: EXTENDING THE BIOECOLOGICAL MODEL
Management von Hypophysen- und Nebennierenerkrankungen in der Schwangerschaft

Management of Pituitary and Adrenal Disorders in Pregnancy. Pregnancy in concomitant pituitary or adrenal disorders requires special medical attention and treatment since maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality may be increased. If previously known and adequately treated, pregnancy in Addison’s disease can take an inconspicuous course. However, it is associated with an increased rate of premature deliveries and Caesarean sections. Fetal cortisol secretion may attenuate maternal symptoms of a hitherto unknown Addison’s disease which may become apparent by a postpartum adrenal crisis. Hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone substitutions should be increased by 30–50 % in the third trimester although this is discussed controversially. Pregnancy in Cushing’s syndrome is rare and leads to considerably increased fetal mortality (~20 %) and maternal morbidity. Diagnostic investigation is hampered by the altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in pregnancy. For screening purposes, urinary free cortisol, midnight cortisol, and diurnal salivatory cortisol should be employed since circadian cortisol rhythm is maintained in a normal pregnancy. Surgery is the intended treatment of Cushing’s syndrome in pregnant women although in the third trimester, adrenostatic drugs (metyrapon) provide an alternative. Acromegaly in pregnancy is accompanied by an increased fetal and maternal morbidity. Maternal growth hormone and IGF-1 do not pass the placental barrier and do not seem to influence fetal growth. In most cases, growth hormone-suppressive therapy can be ceased in pregnancy. Somatostatin analogues and dopamine agonists cross the placenta, and the former may lead to reduced fetal growth. Pregnancy in prolactinomas may lead to tumor growth with visual field defects especially in macroadenomas. Dopaminagonistic medication should be ceased with notice of pregnancy except for selected cases with extrasellar tumor growth. Regular clinical and perimetrical controls are obligatory as in case of tumor growth dopaminergic medication will be continued. Present expert knowledge on bromocriptin and cabergoline given in pregnancy did not show any adverse events. J Klin Endokrinol Stoffw 2012; 5 (2): 7–11.
Enterprise System Flexibility and Implementation Strategies: Aligning Theory with Evidence from a Case Study

Abstract Flexibility can have important consequences for the operational efficiency and long-term effectiveness of an enterprise system, yet is often not considered explicitly as a decision factor during system design and implementation. In this article, we join managerial advice for implementation strategies with insights from a theory that determines the flexibility requirements of an enterprise system in relation with characteristics of the business process that the system is intended to support. We align our theoretical considerations with practical evidence from the case of an electronic procurement system that was implemented at a Fortune 100 firm. Based on our findings, we present a roadmap that can guide flexibility and implementation strategies based on both project and process characteristics.
Strategies for Organizational Innovation: An Empirical Comparison

The paper identifies several sociological strategies of intervention used in a national effort to reform social organizations and compares their relative effectiveness. Different streams of sociological literature dealing with unplanned social change suggested concepts and variables that might apply to the problem of deliberate organizational reform. Indicators were then derived from questionnaires and interviews with new teacher-interns, experienced teachers, ond college professors who were part of a national experiment to train teachers for low income schools (the Teacher Corps program). The analysis is based on forty-two public schools and ten universities located throughout the United States. The dependent variable is the number (and innovativeness) of new technologies introduced into schools through the program (derived from a content analysis of interviews). A factor analysis of thirty-five indicators revealed seven factors underlying the different explanations. A regression analysis based on these factors indicated that approximately half of the variance in the dependent variable could be explained. Technological innovation appeared to be produced by a combination of: (a) a dominant outside organization staffed by competent and liberal members; (b) competent, receptive boundary personnel in the host organization; and (c) functional interdependence and channels for cooperation to take place. These conditions underscore the importance of characteristics of the general organizational context in which innovation is taking place. The findings also suggest that a mixture of conceptual approaches is needed to explain organizational change.
Construction and properties of a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 with glycoprotein H coding sequences deleted

A mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in which glycoprotein H (gH) coding sequences were deleted and replaced by the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under the control of the human cytomegalovirus IE-1 gene promoter was constructed. The mutant was propagated in Vero cells which contained multiple copies of the HSV-1 gH gene under the control of the HSV-1 gD promoter and which therefore provide gH in trans following HSV-1 infection. Phenotypically gH-negative virions were obtained by a single growth cycle in Vero cells. These virions were noninfectious, as judged by plaque assay and by expression of beta-galactosidase following high-multiplicity infection, but partial recovery of infectivity was achieved by using the fusogenic agent polyethylene glycol. Adsorption of gH-negative virions to cells blocked the adsorption of superinfecting wild-type virus, a result in contrast to that obtained with gD-negative virions (D. C. Johnson and M. W. Ligas, J. Virol. 62:4605-4612, 1988). The simplest conclusion is that gH is required for membrane fusion but not for receptor binding, a conclusion consistent with the conservation of gH in all herpesviruses.
Modified body mass index and time interval between diagnosis and operation affect survival after liver transplantation for hereditary amyloidosis: a single‐center analysis

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is the most common subtype of hereditary amyloidosis. The amyloid protein transthyretin deposits as rigid amyloid fibers in the extracellular matrix of various tissues including peripheral nerves, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. As the mutated amyloid protein is mainly produced in the liver, one form of treatment to halt the progression of disease is liver transplantation (LT). This study was performed to identify risk factors for decreased overall survival.
Green and Sustainable Cellular Base Stations: An Overview and Future Research Directions

Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network research over the past decade. As its major contribution, this study highlights the uses of renewable energy in cellular communication by: (i) investigating the system model and the potential of renewable energy solutions for cellular BSs; (ii) identifying the potential geographical locations for renewable-energy-powered BSs; (iii) performing case studies on renewable-energy-powered cellular BSs and suggesting future research directions based on our findings; (iv) examining the present deployment of sustainable and green BSs; and (v) studying the barriers that prevent the widespread use of renewable-energy-powered BSs and providing recommendations for future work.
Alienation Theory in Multi-Media Performance

Although Brechtian alienation is usually presented as a theory of acting in most schools of theatre, its operative domain encompasses not only the actor, but an entire theatrical system in which the interaction of numerous elements assures the effectiveness of the theory. My hypothesis here is that the theory of alienation effect in acting can only be properly understood within this larger context, a context in which links between actor, spectator, and social context are woven together by an omnipotent director or author. It is indeed the interaction of the four elements mentioned above that constitute the basis of the alienation effect. I shall define alienation effect as a process by which both theatrical and extra-theatrical phenomena are rendered strange, forcing the spectator to adopt a critical distance with regard to that which is given to see and hear. This definition has the advantage of enlarging the concept of alienation effect while keeping it in line with similar concepts, such as the notion of ostranemie, that have been defined by the Russian formalists.
Case Definition and Design Sensitivity

In a case-referent study, cases of disease are compared to noncases with respect to their antecedent exposure to a treatment in an effort to determine whether exposure causes some cases of the disease. Because exposure is not randomly assigned in the population, as it would be if the population were a vast randomized trial, exposed and unexposed subjects may differ prior to exposure with respect to covariates that may or may not have been measured. After controlling for measured preexposure differences, for instance by matching, a sensitivity analysis asks about the magnitude of bias from unmeasured covariates that would need to be present to alter the conclusions of a study that presumed matching for observed covariates removes all bias. The definition of a case of disease affects sensitivity to unmeasured bias. We explore this issue using: (i) an asymptotic tool, the design sensitivity, (ii) a simulation for finite samples, and (iii) an example. Under favorable circumstances, a narrower case definition can yield an increase in the design sensitivity, and hence an increase in the power of a sensitivity analysis. Also, we discuss an adaptive method that seeks to discover the best case definition from the data at hand while controlling for multiple testing. An implementation in R is available as SensitivityCaseControl.
Epstein‐Barr virus mRNA profiles and viral DNA methylation status in nasopharyngeal brushings from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients reflect tumor origin

Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is 100% associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) as oncogenic driver. NPC is often diagnosed late due to initial vague complaints and obscured location. Prior studies suggest that measurement of EBV DNA load and RNA transcripts in nasopharyngeal (NP) brushings is useful for minimally invasive NPC diagnosis. However, whether these EBV markers relate to local virus replication or reflect tumor origin remains to be demonstrated. To resolve this, we analysed EBV‐DNA characteristics and quantified latent and lytic viral RNA transcripts in NP brushings and matching frozen NP‐biopsy specimens from patients suspected of having NPC.
Cramer-Rao bounds for blind multichannel estimation

Certain blind channel estimation techniques allow the identification of the channel up to a scale or phase factor. This results in singularity of the Fisher information matrix (FIM). The Cramer-Rao bound, which is the inverse of the FIM, is then not defined. To regularize the estimation problem, one can impose constraints on the parameters. In general, many sets of constraints are possible but are not always relevant. We propose a constrained CRB, the pseudo-inverse of the FIM, which gives, for a minimum number of constraints, the lowest bound on the mean squared estimation error.
Professional Development Implications of Teachers' Beliefs and Attitudes Toward English Language Learners

Abstract Research-based professional development is essential for districts and teachers across the nation that face the challenge of providing a quality education for increasingly diverse student populations. In this study, the researchers surveyed 729 teachers in one midwestern suburban district recently impacted by high numbers of immigrant and refugee English language learners (ELLs) about the teachers' beliefs, attitudes, practices, and needs related to ELLs. Results focused on: (a) overall trends and typical responses and (b) differences between teachers with more positive attitudes versus those with less positive attitudes toward having ELLs in their classes. In general, teachers held positive attitudes toward ELLs, bilingual education, and bilingualism; however, there was considerable variability, with sizeable proportions of teachers holding less supportive beliefs, attitudes, and practices. Teachers more accepting of ELLs in their classes were more likely to believe that an ELL's first language proficiency promotes school performance and does not impede learning a second language; bilingualism and bilingual education are beneficial; ELLs should be tested in their first language; lack of fluency in the second language does not imply lack of comprehension; and ELLs do not consume additional teacher time or district resources. Results also showed that teachers with more favorable attitudes toward ELLs tended to take a mastery versus a performance (or competitive) approach to instruction, and had a higher self-efficacy for teaching ELLs. Based on the results of this study, the authors discuss implications for professional development.
Wavelength conversion using nonlinear polarization rotation in a single semiconductor optical amplifier

We discuss an all-optical wavelength converter based on nonlinear polarization rotation in a single semiconductor optical amplifier. We show that inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion can be realized. We also demonstrate this wavelength-conversion concept can operate over a large wavelength range. Experiments show that error-free wavelength conversion can be obtained at a bit rate of 10 Gb/s.