Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining the Web for Transliteration Lexicons: Joint-Validation Approach

The Web provides the largest data collection, which reflects language use in daily life. With the advent of new technology and the flood of information on the Web, it has become quite common to create new terms supporting new concepts and translate these terms into non-Latin languages with "transliteration" referring to "translation by sound". Cross-language natural language processing applications, such as machine translation and cross-language information retrieval, usually need a translation dictionary, which affects the quality of the applications. However; the transliteration lexicons are usually unregistered in the translation dictionary. To address the problem, we present a transliteration lexicon acquisition model that mines the Web for transliteration lexicons. In this paper, we describe techniques of comparing phonetic-similarity to recognize transliteration pair candidates on the Web and of finding the correct transliteration pairs based on joint-validation. The techniques were evaluated against manually constructed transliteration lexicons. Our experiments revealed that the techniques effectively found transliteration lexicons on the Web
"let me know if you need anything": support realities of new mothers

This paper presents findings from a study conducted with 48 pregnant and new mothers to understand their support needs and support sources. We engaged 10 first-time pregnant women, 20 pregnant mothers, and 18 new mothers in eight weeks of research activities using closed Facebook groups. The activities included surveys, open ended questions, creative tasks, and discussions. Our findings indicate that mothers most value instrumental support: physical help in tasks, such as laundry and cooking. Our findings also show that support needs and support sources of women evolve as they go through pregnancy, childbirth, and stages of motherhood. Informed by these findings, we propose a design framework - the Evolving Ecology of Support (EES) - and provide examples on how the Pervasive Health community can develop empowering and support enabling solutions.
Maximum Matching in Nonbipartite Graphs Without Explicit Consideration of Blossoms

We reduce the problem of nding an augmenting path in a nonbipar-tite graph to a reachability problem in a directed, bipartite graph. Furthermore, we show that a slight modiication of depth-rst search leads to an algorithm for nding such paths. This new point of view enables us to develop algorithms for the solution of matching problems without explicit consideration of blossoms, nested blossoms, a.s. o. A variant of Edmonds' primal-dual method for the weighted matching problem which uses the modiied depth-rst search instead of Ed-monds' maximum matching algorithm as a subroutine is described. Furthermore, a straightforward O(nm log n)-implementation of this algorithm is given.
Introduction: Chicana/Mexicana feminist pedagogies: Consejos, respeto, y educacion in everyday life

In her book, Teaching to transgress (1994), bell hooks comments that very few ` ` nonwhite’ ’ voices are joining the discourses around critical pedagogy. Indeed, as Elenes (forthcoming) also notes, there are few Chicana/o educators adding their voices to these discussions. Most notably absent are the insights of Chicanas/mexicanas and Latinas. Recognizing the paucity of Chicana educational researchers ’ voices within progressive formulations of pedagogy, particularly discussions about ` ` critical pedagogy,’ ’ we took to the kitchen table to begin formulating our thoughts. While cooking dinner and minding the children, we sat at the table sharing our understandings of pedagogies that recognize knowledge, power, and politics as central to all teaching and learning. We insisted on placing cultural knowledge at the forefront of educational research to better understand the lessons from the homespace, our communities, and schools. Thus, the articles in this special issue are born out of discussions at the kitchen table and illuminate Chicana and mexicana and Latina feminist pedagogies of consejos, respeto, and educacioÂ n in everyday life. This issue oå ers new ways to rethink traditional notions of education and the spaces in which teaching and learning take place. In ways like bell hooks (1994), we are present in the discourses on critical pedagogy while engaging in the ongoing reconceptualization and rethinking of traditional notions of education and mestiza consciousness. Our theoretical understanding of pedagogies embraces Chicana and mexicana and Latina ways of knowing that extend beyond the public realm and formal schooling as articulated by conventional, critical, and white feminist interpretations of pedagogy. What we are concerned with is activist insurgent educators who interrogate social and educational theory and reproduction to create political and cultural projects to transform existing social inequalities and injustices. We name these forms of communication and practices, occurring within the intimate, multiple, and intersecting spaces of home and community, ` ` pedagogies. ’ ’ We add women of color, feminist and womanist perspectives to understand ` ` pedagogy. ’ ’ Our ideas build on the work of Adriana HernaÂ ndez (1997) who maps a feminist critical pedagogy as a life project producing diverse forms of knowledge, theory, and multiple subjectivities contesting domination and oppression while also working through the tensions among them. HernaÂ ndez speaks of teaching and learning as a political practice intended to enhance personal and social possibilities while also interrogating social practices and forms of hierarchies ± power within a political and economic context. This feminista pedagogy also takes into account the diå erent QUALITATIVE STUDIES IN EDUCATION, 2001, VOL. 14, NO. 5, 595 ± 602
MISO: souping up big data query processing with a multistore system

Multistore systems utilize multiple distinct data stores such as Hadoop's HDFS and an RDBMS for query processing by allowing a query to access data and computation in both stores. Current approaches to multistore query processing fail to achieve the full potential benefits of utilizing both systems due to the high cost of data movement and loading between the stores. Tuning the physical design of a multistore, i.e., deciding what data resides in which store, can reduce the amount of data movement during query processing, which is crucial for good multistore performance. In this work, we provide what we believe to be the first method to tune the physical design of a multistore system, by focusing on which store to place data. Our method, called MISO for MultISstore Online tuning, is adaptive, lightweight, and works in an online fashion utilizing only the by-products of query processing, which we term as opportunistic views. We show that MISO significantly improves the performance of ad-hoc big data query processing by leveraging the specific characteristics of the individual stores while incurring little additional overhead on the stores.
Phytoremediation of Metals Using Transgenic Plants

An ideal plant for environmental cleanup can be envisioned as one with high biomass production, combined with superior capacity for pollutant tolerance, accumulation, and/or degradation, depending on the type of pollutant and the phytoremediation technology of choice. With the use of genetic engineering, it is feasible to manipulate a plant's capacity to tolerate, accumulate, and/or metabolize pollutants, and thus to create the ideal plant for environmental cleanup. In this review, we focus on the design and creation of transgenic plants for phytoremediation of metals. Plant properties important for metal phytoremediation are metal tolerance and accumulation, which are determined by metal uptake, root-shoot translocation, intracellular sequestration, chemical modification, and general stress resistance. If we know which molecular mechanisms are involved in these tolerance and accumulation processes, and which genes control these mechanisms, we can manipulate them to our advantage. This review aims to give a succinct overview of plant metal tolerance and accumulation mechanisms, and to identify possible strategies for genetic engineering of plants for metal phytoremediation. An overview is presented of what has been achieved so far regarding the manipulation of plant metal metabolism. In fact, both enhanced metal tolerance and accumulation have been achieved by overproducing metal chelating molecules (citrate, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, phytosiderophores, ferritin) or by the overexpression of metal transporter proteins. Mercury volatilization and tolerance was achieved by introduction of a bacterial pathway. The typical increase in metal accumulation as the result of these genetic engineering approaches is 2-to 3-fold more metal per plant, which could potentially enhance phytoremediation efficiency by the same factor. As for the applicability of these transgenics for environmental cleanup, results from lab and greenhouse studies look promising for several of these transgenics, but field studies will be the ultimate test to establish their phytoremediation potential, their competitiveness, and risks associated with their use.
Emotional Affinity toward Nature as a Motivational Basis to Protect Nature

Nature-protective behavior cannot be sufficiently explained using a pure rational/cognitive approach. Therefore, in a questionnaire study (N = 281), the focus was on emotional motivations of this behavior, especially on a newly conceptualized construct: emotional affinity toward nature. All constructs were measured by reliable and valid scales. Multiple regression analyses reveal that (a) emotional affinity is as powerful to predict nature-protective behavior as indignation and interest in nature and together these three predictors explain up to 47% of variance of the criterion variables, and (b) 39% of emotional affinity toward nature traces back to present and past experiences in natural environments. The resulting integrative path model is discussed. Theoretical conclusions are drawn, and options for practical intervention are derived.
Systolic and diastolic changes in human coronary blood flow during Valsalva manoeuvre.

Valsalva manoeuvre is reported to be sometimes successful for the relief of angina pectoris. The present study investigated how haemodynamic changes produced by Valsalva manoeuvre can interact to improve the relationship between cardiac work and coronary blood flow. Ten male subjects aged 53 +/- 12 years (SD) were considered. Blood velocity in the internal mammary artery, previously anastomosed to the left descending coronary artery, was studied with Doppler technique. The subjects performed Valsalva manoeuvres by expiring into a tube connected to a mercury manometer, to develop a pressure of 40 mmHg. The arterial blood pressure curve was continuously monitored with a Finapres device from a finger of the left hand. During expiratory effort, an increase in heart rate and a decrease in arterial pulse pressure were followed by a more delayed and progressive increase in mean and diastolic pressures. Systolic blood velocity markedly decreased along with the reduction in pulse pressure and increase in heart rate. By contrast, diastolic and mean coronary blood velocities did not show any significant change. Since it is known that the Valsalva manoeuvre strongly reduces stroke volume and cardiac output, it is likely that a reduction in cardiac work also takes place. Since in diastole, i.e. when the myocardial wall is better perfused, coronary blood velocity did not show any significant reduction, it is likely that unchanged perfusion in the presence of reduced cardiac work is responsible for the relief from angina sometimes observed during Valsalva manoeuvre. It is also likely that the increase in heart rate prevents the diastolic and mean blood coronary velocity from decreasing during the expiratory strain, when an increased sympathetic discharge could cause vasoconstriction through the stimulation of the coronary alpha-receptors.
Parenting gone wired: empowerment of new mothers on the internet?

The extension of information and communication technologies is purported to provide great opportunities for women, with the potential for empowerment and feminist activism. This paper contributes to the debate about women and cyberspace through a focus on the role of the internet in the lives of a group of technologically proficient, socially advantaged white heterosexual new mothers. The internet played a central role in providing virtual social support and alternative information sources which increased these women's real sense of empowerment in the transition to motherhood. Simultaneously, however, very traditional stereotypes of mothering and gender roles persisted. A paradox is evident whereby the internet was both liberating and constraining: it played an important social role for some women while at the same time it encouraged restrictive and unequal gender stereotypes in this particular community of practice. An examination of new virtual parenting spaces therefore has a contribution to make in understanding changing parenting practices in the new millennium.
Robust coherence spectrum estimation

In this paper, we introduce robust versions of the recently introduced Capon- and APES-based Magnitude Square Coherence (MSC) spectral estimators. The estimators exploit the related recent development on robust beamforming to allow for imperfect knowledge of the estimated sample correlation matrix. The resulting estimators are found to yield improved estimates as compared to the earlier estimators.
Stereotaxis of the spinal cord.

A method of stereotaxis of the spinal cord is described and the historical development of spinal stereotaxy is reviewed briefly. The importance of secure head and neck fixation and neck flexion is emphasised as important points in restricting cord mobility. The advantages of posterior and lateral approaches to the cord are mentioned. The results of stimulation and recording from the upper cervical cord have been used to construct a functional map of the cord at high cervical level.
Immunoglobulin D (IgD)-deficient mice reveal an auxiliary receptor function for IgD in antigen-mediated recruitment of B cells

To assess the role of immunoglobulin D (IgD) in vivo we generated IgD- deficient mice by gene targeting and studied B cell development and function in the absence of IgD expression. In the mutant animals, conventional and CD5-positive (B1) B cells are present in normal numbers, and the expression of the surface markers CD22 and CD23 in the compartment of conventional B cells indicates acquisition of a mature phenotype. As in wild-type animals, most of the peripheral B cells are resting cells. The IgD-deficient mice respond well to T cell- independent and -dependent antigens. However, in heterozygous mutant animals, B cells expressing the wild type IgH locus are overrepresented in the peripheral B cell pool, and T cell-dependent IgG1 responses are further dominated by B cells expressing the wild-type allele. Similarly, in homozygous mutant (IgD-deficient) animals, affinity maturation is delayed in the early primary response compared to control animals, although the mutants are capable of generating high affinity B cell memory. Thus, rather than being involved in major regulatory processes as had been suggested, IgD seems to function as an antigen receptor optimized for efficient recruitment of B cells into antigen- driven responses. The IgD-mediated acceleration of affinity maturation in the early phase of the T cell-dependent primary response may confer to the animal a critical advantage in the defense against pathogens.
Prevention of experimental endotoxin shock by a monocyte activator

In patients with polytrauma or major surgery, severe bacterial infections leading to septic shock and multiorgan failure are still a major cause of death. Prevention of septic shock in patients at risk would be an alternative to treatment of patients with overt septic shock. We therefore conducted a trial with the monocyte activator muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) in an experimental pig model. Liposome encapsulated MTP-PE (50 micrograms/kg of body weight) or liposomes alone were given intravenously at 72 or 24 h before endotoxemia was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), simultaneously with the induction of endotoxin shock, or 1 h thereafter. Pretreatment with MTP-PE at 72 and 24 h before endotoxemia was induced resulted in a reduction of endotoxin shock-induced mortality from 81.8% (9 of 11 animals) in the control group to 8.3% (1 of 12 animals) of the MTP-PE-pretreated animals (P < 0.001). The administration of MTP-PE 24 h before the induction of endotoxin shock was more effective (P < 0.01) than administration of MTP-PE 72 h before endotoxemia was induced (P = 0.05). The pretreated animals did not develop fever or cardiovascular complications, and pulmonary function was significantly improved. Furthermore, the alpha-form of the soluble CD14 LPS receptor in pig serum showed a marked decrease in LPS-treated animals, and this decrease was reduced by MTP-PE pretreatment at 24 h before endotoxemia was induced. When MTP-PE was given simultaneously with the induction of septic shock or 1 h thereafter, it did not influence either mortality or morbidity. In conclusion, pretreatment of pigs with MTP-PE improves several parameters of endotoxin shock and it reduces mortality. Patients with high risk of developing septic complications might benefit from a pretreatment with this monocyte-activating substance.
Summary: Multi-Agent Path Finding with Kinematic Constraints

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is well studied in both AI and robotics. Given a discretized environment and agents with assigned start and goal locations, MAPF solvers from AI find collision-free paths for hundreds of agents with user-provided sub-optimality guarantees. However, they ignore that actual robots are subject to kinematic constraints (such as velocity limits) and suffer from imperfect plan-execution capabilities. We therefore introduce MAPF-POST to postprocess the output of a MAPF solver in polynomial time to create a plan-execution schedule that can be executed on robots. This schedule works on non-holonomic robots, considers kinematic constraints, provides a guaranteed safety distance between robots, and exploits slack to avoid time-intensive replanning in many cases. We evaluate MAPF-POST in simulation and on differential-drive robots, showcasing the practicality of our approach.
Loranthus micranthus Linn.: Biological Activities and Phytochemistry

Loranthus micranthus Linn. is a medicinal plant from the Loranthaceae family commonly known as an eastern Nigeria species of the African mistletoe and is widely used in folkloric medicine to cure various ailments and diseases. It is semiparasitic plant because of growing on various host trees and shrubs and absorbing mineral nutrition and water from respective host. Hence, the phytochemicals and biological activities of L. micranthus demonstrated strong host and harvesting period dependency. The leaves have been proved to possess immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, and hypolipidemic activities. This review summarizes the information and findings concerning the current knowledge on the biological activities, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and chemical constituents of Loranthus micranthus.
Superintendents' responses to the achievement gap: an ethical critique

The authors have used an ethical perspective to critique superintendents' responses to the achievement gap as measured on standardized tests in Virginia (USA). The Standards of Learning (SOL) Tests have been administered for the past five years in grades three, five, eight and in 12 different high school courses. Findings from an empirical study reported elsewhere [Grogan, M. and Sherman, W. (2003) Superintendents in Virginia dealing with issues surrounding the black‐white test‐score gap. In D. Duke, M. Grogan, P. Tucker and W. Heinecke (eds) Educational Leadership in an Age of Accountability (Albany, NY: SUNY Press)] have been interpreted using Starratt's (1994) multidimensional framework. Brief comments about the achievement gap and the current discourse on the superintendency introduce the paper. The study is then summarized and the findings discussed in the light of the theoretical lens.
Localization of a gene responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy to chromosome 1q32.

BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy, characterized by ventricular dilatation and decreased systolic contraction, is twofold to threefold more common as a cause of heart failure than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and costs several billion dollars annually. The idiopathic form occurring early in life, with a 75% mortality in 5 years, is a common reason for transplantation. It is estimated that at least 20% of cases are familial. METHODS AND RESULTS A family of 46 members spanning four generations underwent history and physical examinations, echocardiographic analysis, and blood sampling for genotyping. Diagnostic criteria, detected by echocardiography, consisted of ventricular dimension of > or = 2.7 cm/m2 with an ejection fraction < or = 50% in the absence of other potential causes. DNA from all members was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for amplification of short tandem-repeat polymorphic markers located every 10 cM throughout the human genome. Assuming a penetrance of 90%, linkage analysis was performed to map the responsible chromosomal locus. Linkage analysis, after 412 markers were analyzed, indicated the locus to be on chromosome 1q32, with a peak multipoint logarithm of the odds score at D1S414 of 6.37. CONCLUSIONS The locus identified in this study for familial dilated cardiomyopathy, 1q32, is rich in candidate genes, such as MEF-2, renin, and helix loop helix DNA binding protein MYF-4. Identification of the genetic defect could provide insight into the molecular basis for the cardiac dilatory response in both familial and acquired disorders.
A denotational interprocedural program slicer

This paper extends a previously developed intraprocedural denotational program slicer to handle procedures. Using the denotational approach, slices can be defined in terms of the abstract syntax of the object language without the need of a control flow graph or similar intermediate structure. The algorithm presented here is capable of correctly handling the interplay between function and procedure calls, side-effects, and short-circuit expression evaluation. The ability to deal with these features is required in reverse engineering of legacy systems, where code often contains side-effects.
The Selection of Syntactic Knowledge

Most recent approaches to language learnability and acquisition have assumed that parameter setting is largely a deductive process. This article develops the thesis that parameter setting is correctly viewed as nondeductive. In particular, deductive approaches can be computationally costly and, in the worst case, are equal in cost to a brute enumerative search through the hypothesis space. The approach developed here uses natural selection, as simulated by a genetic algorithm, to simulate: parameter setting. A method is developed for evaluating the behavior of parsing devices relative to an environment (the input text), translating between parsing devices and a genome (a hypothesis string), and combining hypotheses via mating and mutation. A learner based on such a system will eventually arrive at the grammar for the least language compatible with its environment. We discuss three basic learnability properties that must characterize the learner's linguistic environment. Finally, we develop some recommenda.