Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal Changes of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficients of Water and Metabolites in Rats With Hemispheric Infarction: Experimental Study of Transhemispheric Diaschisis in the Contralateral Hemisphere at 7 Tesla

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the temporal changes of the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of cerebral metabolites during early focal ischemia using stimulated echo acquisition mode with short echo time at a 7 T magnet to assess the pathophysiology of the reduction in diffusion properties observed both in the ischemic cerebral hemisphere and in the contralateral hemisphere. The ADCs of metabolites in the infarcted hemisphere 1 hour and 3 hours after the onset of ischemia decreased with 25% and 29% for choline-containing compounds (Cho), 16% and 26% for creatine and phosphocreatine (Cre), and 19% and 19% for N-acetylaspartate (NAA), respectively, compared with the ADC values 2 hours later in the contralateral hemisphere. There were decreases in the ADC of Cho, Cre, and NAA with 21%, 7%, and 18% 8 hours later, respectively, in the noninfarcted hemisphere, which suggested transhemispheric diaschisis in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. The present study proposed that the diffusion characteristics of the brain metabolites might offer new insights into circulatory and metabolic alteration in the cerebral intracellular circumstance.
Linear Time Super‐Helices

Thin elastic rods such as cables, phone coils, tree branches, or hair, are common objects in the real world but computing their dynamics accurately remains challenging. The recent Super‐Helix model, based on the discrete equations of Kirchhoff for a piecewise helical rod, is one of the most promising models for simulating non‐stretchable rods that can bend and twist. However, this model suffers from a quadratic complexity in the number of discrete elements, which, in the context of interactive applications, makes it limited to a few number of degrees of freedom ‐ or equivalently to a low number of variations in curvature along the mean curve. This paper proposes a new, recursive scheme for the dynamics of a Super‐Helix, inspired by the popular algorithm of Featherstone for serial multibody chains. Similarly to Featherstone's algorithm, we exploit the recursive kinematics of a Super‐Helix to propagate elements inertias from the free end to the clamped end of the rod, while the dynamics is solved within a second pass traversing the rod in the reverse way. Besides the gain in linear complexity, which allows us to simulate a rod of complex shape much faster than the original approach, our algorithm makes it straightforward to simulate tree‐like structures of Super‐Helices, which turns out to be particularly useful for animating trees and plants realistically, under large displacements.
Avatar-Based Advertising in Second Life

Abstract Avatar-based, three-dimensional, virtual environments such as Second Life, the most popular and fastest growing environment, offer a promising corporate communication channel for brand marketing, advergaming, and interactive advertising. Drawing on presence literature, this study examines the effects of the presence (versus absence) of spokes-avatars that provide product information and consumers’ multimodal interactions with these spokes-avatars on improvements in the consumers’ product involvement, attitude toward the product, and enjoyment of the online shopping experience. In addition, this study investigates the effects of spokes-avatars’ physical characteristics in terms of humanness (versus non-humanness) on consumers’ evaluation of their physical attractiveness and the information value of the advertisement message. A path analysis reveals a mediating role of spokes-avatars’ physical attractiveness.
Neuropeptide Y and tuberoinfundibular dopamine activities are altered during lactation: role of prolactin.

During lactation the suckling stimulus increases the activity of two populations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the hypothalamus, the caudal portion of the arcuate nucleus (ARH) and the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), and suppresses the activity of TIDA neurons in the ARH. In the present study, an acute resuckling model was used to examine the role of suckling-induced hyperprolactinemia in modulating the activity of these systems. Lactating rats were deprived of their eight-pup litters on day 9 postpartum, and 48 h later, the animals served either as nonsuckled controls (0 pups) or were suckled for 24 h. In addition, some of the resuckled animals received two s.c. injections of bromocriptine (0.5 mg/rat x injection), a dopamine D2 agonist, to inhibit suckling-induced PRL secretion. In situ hybridization was performed for rat NPY messenger RNA (mRNA) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA to provide an index for NPY and TIDA neuronal activities, respectively. Resuckling for 24 h induced a significant increase in NPY mRNA levels in the caudal portion of the ARH and in the DMH. Bromocriptine treatment did not alter the increase in NPY mRNA levels in the ARH, whereas the treatment greatly attenuated the increase in NPY mRNA in the DMH. TH mRNA levels in the rostral ARH area returned to basal levels in the nonsuckled control animals, and 24 h of resuckling significantly suppressed TH mRNA expression in this area. Bromocriptine treatment caused a significant increase in TH mRNA levels compared with those in the eight-pup suckled group. Thus, the results from the present study demonstrate that the suckling stimulus activated the two populations of NPY neurons and suppressed TIDA activity. Suckling-induced hyperprolactinemia did not participate in the increase in ARH NPY activity, whereas it played a major stimulatory role in suckling-induced activation of NPY neurons in the DMH and an inhibitory role in suckling-induced suppression of TIDA activity. The increase in TIDA activity after bromocriptine treatment was unexpected and suggests that the role of PRL in the regulation of TIDA activity is significantly altered during lactation.
ScholarWorks @ UTRGV ScholarWorks @ UTRGV Probing Molecular Free Energy Landscapes by Periodic Loading Probing Molecular Free Energy Landscapes by Periodic Loading

Single molecule pulling experiments provide information about interactions in biomolecules that cannot be obtained by any other method. However, the reconstruction of the molecule’s free energy proﬁle from the experimental data is still a challenge, in particular, for the unstable barrier regions.We propose a new method for obtaining the full proﬁle by introducing a periodic ramp and using Jarzynski’s relation for obtaining equilibrium quantities from nonequilibrium data. Our simulated experiments show that this method delivers signiﬁcant more accurate data than previous methods, under the constraint of equal experimental effort.
PENGARUH STRES KERJA DAN KEADILAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

This study aimed to determine the effect of job stress and organizational justice on employee engagement. Subjects were 186 permanent employees from Directorat of Production in PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur. The instrument used for collecting data in this study are Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Stress Diagnostic Survey, and the Organizational Justice Scale. Data were analyzed with multiple regression models and prove that simultaneously work stress and organizational justice affect employee engagement (R=0.267
Erythropoietin Receptor (EpoR) Agonism Is Used to Treat a Wide Range of Disease

The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) was discovered and described in red blood cells (RBCs), stimulating its proliferation and survival. The target in humans for EpoR agonists drugs appears clear—to treat anemia. However, there is evidence of the pleitropic actions of erythropoietin (Epo). For that reason, rhEpo therapy was suggested as a reliable approach for treating a broad range of pathologies, including heart and cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease), spinal cord injury, stroke, diabetic retinopathy and rare diseases (Friedreich ataxia). Unfortunately, the side effects of rhEpo are also evident. A new generation of nonhematopoietic EpoR agonists drugs (asialoEpo, Cepo and ARA 290) have been investigated and further developed. These EpoR agonists, without the erythropoietic activity of Epo, while preserving its tissue-protective properties, will provide better outcomes in ongoing clinical trials. Nonhematopoietic EpoR agonists represent safer and more effective surrogates for the treatment of several diseases such as brain and peripheral nerve injury, diabetic complications, renal ischemia, rare diseases, myocardial infarction, chronic heart disease and others.
Dendritiform Cells Found in Central Cornea by In-Vivo Confocal Microscopy in a Patient with Mixed Bacterial Keratitis

Purpose: To report the in-vivo confocal microscopic findings of dendritiform cells in the central corneal epithelial layer in a case of mixed bacterial keratitis associated with severe immunologic reaction. Design: Observational case report. Methods: A 25-year-old male suffered from contact lens-related mixed bacterial keratitis with a dense eccentric immune ring. In-vivo confocal microscopy was performed to study the different layers of the central and peripheral cornea in the lesion and the fellow eye. Results: Several dendritiform cells were found in the basal and superficial epithelial layers of the central cornea in the lesion eye, which was also the area of the dense immune ring formation. No such cells could be identified in the fellow eye or the unaffected area of the lesion eye. Conclusion: Corneal dendritiform cells, possibly dendritic or Langerhans cells, can be identified in severe corneal immunologic conditions using in-vivo confocal microscopy. The role of these cells in ocular immunity is interesting and needs further clarification.
Weld seam detection based on visual saliency for autonomous welding robots

Nowadays autonomous welding robots are gaining importance. Weld seam detection is a key technology in robotic welding which is usually performed using a visual system. In most existing vision-based approaches, traditional image processings are used to obtain weld seams. Generally, these approaches are sensitive to their surrounding environment, especially illumination. Therefore, we address the problem by introducing the visual attention mechanism of the primate. Firstly, image preprocessing is executed to block visual interferences. Secondly, a visual saliency model based on local contrast is proposed to emphasize weld seam candidates. Finally, some basic image processings are performed to extract the desired weld seam. In order to validate the proposed approach, experiments are carried out in different cases: two types of joints (butt and fillet joint) and three types of shapes (straight line, zigzag and curve). The results demonstrate that this method is effective and robust, and is useful for autonomous welding robots.
Molecular pathology of prostate cancer

The molecular pathology of prostate cancer is complex; not only are multiple genes involved in its pathogenesis, but additional environmental factors such as diet and inflammation are also involved. The exhaustive research into prostate cancer to date has demonstrated a complex interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors, some of which may be more important in individual prostate cancer cases. This is an exciting era, with the emergence of new investigative tools such as DNA microarray technology and the application of the field of proteomics to the study of human cancers. Knowledge of genetic changes underlying the initiation, development, and progression of prostate cancer is accumulating rapidly. With increasing knowledge, it may be possible to distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate tumours by molecular fingerprinting. This review discusses the most consistently reported molecular pathological findings in hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer, together with new concepts and technologies.
Neuropeptides in the Cerebral Circulation: Relevance to Headache

The article briefly describes the innervation of the human cerebral circulation by nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and calcitonin gent-related peptide (CGRP). The neuropeptides in human cerebral arteries were characterized by radioimmunoassay in combination with HPLC. These neuropeptides mediate contraction (NPY) and dilatation (VIP, SP, CGRP). In conjunction with spontaneous attacks of migraine or cluster headache, release of CGRP is seen. With the associated symptoms of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, VIP is released. Successful treatment may abort the peptide release in parallel with disappearance of headache.
Regulation of cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 3-Like 1 (Creb3l1) Expression by Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nr4a1

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) inducible transcription factor cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 1 (Creb3l1) is strongly activated in the hypothalamus in response to hyperosmotic cues such as dehydration (DH). We have recently shown that Creb3l1 expression is upregulated by cAMP pathways in vitro, however the exact mechanisms are not known. Here we show that increasing Creb3l1 transcription by raising cAMP levels in mouse pituitary AtT20 cells automatically initiates cleavage of Creb3l1, leading to a greater abundance of the transcriptionally active N-terminal portion. Inhibiting protein synthesis indicated that de novo protein synthesis of an intermediary transcription factor was required for Creb3l1 induction. Strategic mining of our microarray data from dehydrated rodent hypothalamus revealed four candidates, reduced to two by analysis of acute hyperosmotic-induced transcriptional activation profiles in the hypothalamus, and one, orphan nuclear receptor Nr4a1, by direct shRNA mediated silencing in AtT20 cells. We show that activation of Creb3l1 transcription by Nr4a1 involves interaction with a single NBRE site in the promoter region. The ability to activate Creb3l1 transcription by this pathway in vitro is dictated by the level of methylation of a CpG island within the proximal promoter/5′UTR of this gene. We thus identify a novel cAMP-Nr4a1-Creb3l1 transcriptional pathway in AtT20 cells and also, our evidence would suggest, in the hypothalamus.
Development of a taxonomy of strategic market segmentation: a framework for bridging the implementation gap between normative segmentation and business practice

Even though market segmentation is one of the most established concepts in marketing, there are still some shortfalls in the body of research, which create a gap between theory and practice and lead to failure in the implementation of segmentation. The concept of strategic segmentation is specified as key in resolving these issues. It is shown that in any form of strategic segmentation, the following two questions need to be answered consistently: What is the objective of performing market segmentation? Which unit of analysis will be selected for the segmentation? Based on empirical findings, a taxonomy of four market segmentation strategies is developed that addresses these shortfalls. The findings show that segmentation can be induced from the customer as well as from the market; but most importantly, there has to be consistency between the objective and the unit of analysis of a market segmentation. These findings provide both useful managerial implications as well as a framework for further research.
Long-Term Ecosystem Response to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

The ecosystem response to the 1989 spill of oil from the Exxon Valdez into Prince William Sound, Alaska, shows that current practices for assessing ecological risks of oil in the oceans and, by extension, other toxic sources should be changed. Previously, it was assumed that impacts to populations derive almost exclusively from acute mortality. However, in the Alaskan coastal ecosystem, unexpected persistence of toxic subsurface oil and chronic exposures, even at sublethal levels, have continued to affect wildlife. Delayed population reductions and cascades of indirect effects postponed recovery. Development of ecosystem-based toxicology is required to understand and ultimately predict chronic, delayed, and indirect long-term risks and impacts.
Lung aeration during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea

Background: Previous studies have indicated that patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have altered ventilation and lung volumes awake and the results suggest that this may be a determinant of severity of desaturations during sleep. However, little is known about regional lung aeration during sleep in patients with OSA.
Balancing benefits and harms in health care:

Editor—The correspondence on the issue of including observational data of harm in systematic reviews surprised us.1,2 The tone of the prose implied that this might happen in the future, and the limits of randomised controlled trials discussed told readers what anyone working in assessing adverse events knows only too well. Observational data have been included in systematic reviews of possible harms for some time, precisely for the reasons that Johnston illustrates for vaccinations.2
Comment on Wurzel’s „On similarities and differences between inflectional and derivational morphology“

Like WURZEL I will deal only with morphological grammar, not with extragrammatical morphology where word formation (including derivational morphology, henceforth DM) differs considerably from inflectional morphology (henceforth IM), e. g. in redupiicative echo-word formation or in abbreviatory devices (cf. DRESSLER & MERLINI 1994: 36ff). And similarly to, but more radicaly than WURZEL, I will insist on differences between prototypical inflection and prototypical derivation (cf. DRESSLER 1989). In the spirit of comments limited in space, I will not refer to the many praise-worthy parts of WURZEL'S interesting paper, I will rather restrict this comment to some critical remarks: I) First a general Observation: WURZEL does not discuss the appurtenance of DM to word formation, which has the effect that DM shares much with compounding which cannot be shared by IM. And, in the spirit of this Workshop on intercomponential comparisons, a comparison of the components of DM and IM also with those of syntax and text would have been useful for clarifying relations between DM and IM. II) WURZEL'S introductory second sentence is in need of some qualification: 1) Not all of morphology involves "modification of the formal substance of the word": for example, most of compounding modifies prosody only, in DM there is, without any formal change, conversion (cited several times by WURZEL), and then there is zero inflection. 2) Thus these means might be added to WURZEL'S list of "same means" (cf. already SINGH & FORD 1980); however, whereas zero inflection is usually restricted to the most unmarked inflectional categories (e. g. nominative singular, 3rd singular person, present tense, indicative mood, 2nd singular imperative), conversion clearly is not, because, e. g. , deverbal conversion may indicate, beyond recategorization, also an action noun (e. g. E. a laugh) or result noun (e. g. E. a cut) or Instrument noun (e. g. E. a drill) or agent noun (e. g. E. a cook). All of these formations (except result noun formation) are non-prototypical representatives of DM. 3) Suppletion is a debatable item on the list of "same means" of IM and DM: whereas suppletion is very common in IM (at least in languages of the inflecting/fusional type), it is extremely rare in DM, in fact, most often, restricted to the relation between cardinal and o r d i n a l n u m b e r s (cf. , e . g. DRESSLER 1985; WURZEL 1990) III) WURZEL'S principle or parameter of "morpho-semantic transparency" is, in my opinion, a misnomer, because most of its subparameters are clearly not "morpho-semantic". In fact, the only one is his subparameter A) of "semantic transparency (compositionality)" and the one I've called myself the parameter of morphosemantic transparency'. His subpara-
Active and passive processing during primary rehearsal

Two incidental learning experiments examined the formation of interitem associations under task demands that encouraged different types of rehearsal in short-term memory. Subjects were assumed to engage in "passive" primary rehearsal when the task required them merely to keep information available in memory until the appearance of a decision word. "Active" primary rehearsal, on the other hand, required interactive processing of the stored material continuously throughout the rehearsal interval. The main question of interest asked whether active as opposed to passive rehearsal would typically lead to continued growth in interitem associative learning, even though no final memory test was anticipated. The results suggested that associative learning will not continue to develop as a simple by-product of attention, or temporal contiguity; rather, rehearsal will promote the formation of associations only while the subject continues to look for "relations" among co-rehearsed items. These data are discussed in terms of the distinction
Types of Human Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications

The present review examines in the first place various kinds of naturally occurring stem cells, including germ cells and embryonic stem cells (ES cells), as well as haemopoietic stem cells, which are historically the first to be used for medical treatment. Attention is also given to cancer stem cells, as a source of perseverant malignant disease. The main interest is now represented by the variety of somatic cells, which can be re-programmed to different types of differentiated cells, the so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC’s). Focus is now directed not only to the factors which make such events possible like de-differentiation and reconversion but also to the stages involved in this process. It is actually postulated that the transition from differentiated cells to pluripotent cells follows a definite sequence with evidence of two waves of gene regulations. Main applications of stem cell therapy are reviewed, from the established use of haemopoietic stem cells for clinical transplantation in a variety of haematological disorders to the initial attempts to employ stem cells for the treatment of other disparate conditions. Problems related to stem cell treatment with both ES and IPS cells, like the necessity of a large in vitro expansion to provide sufficient amounts of cells and the related risk of genomic abnormalities are illustrated. The necessity of safe procedures for the development of this venture is also outlined.
Online Feature Selection with Streaming Features

We propose a new online feature selection framework for applications with streaming features where the knowledge of the full feature space is unknown in advance. We define streaming features as features that flow in one by one over time whereas the number of training examples remains fixed. This is in contrast with traditional online learning methods that only deal with sequentially added observations, with little attention being paid to streaming features. The critical challenges for Online Streaming Feature Selection (OSFS) include 1) the continuous growth of feature volumes over time, 2) a large feature space, possibly of unknown or infinite size, and 3) the unavailability of the entire feature set before learning starts. In the paper, we present a novel Online Streaming Feature Selection method to select strongly relevant and nonredundant features on the fly. An efficient Fast-OSFS algorithm is proposed to improve feature selection performance. The proposed algorithms are evaluated extensively on high-dimensional datasets and also with a real-world case study on impact crater detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithms achieve better compactness and higher prediction accuracy than existing streaming feature selection algorithms.