Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Summability of formal solutions for abstract Cauchy problems and related convolution equations

In this article we shall study an abstract inhomogeneous Cauchy problem u′ = A u+ f(t), u(0) = u0, where f(t) is a Banach-space-valued function that is holomorphic in a sectorial region G and has an asymptotic power series expansion f̂(t) as t → 0 in G, while A is a possibly unbounded operator. In fact, it shall be natural to consider a slightly more general integral equation that, due to the presence of the operator A, is best considered as a singular one. However, note that here we restrict ourselves to the situation where A does not depend upon t, leaving the general case to be discussed later. Replacing f(t) by f̂(t), the corresponding (formal) Cauchy problem has a unique formal solution û(t) that is a power series in t, and we shall investigate its multisummability in the sense of Jean Ecalle. If û(t) is so summable, then the sum u(t) of û(t) is a solution for the inhomogeneous Cauchy problem which is a (Banach-space-valued) holomorphic function in a sectorial region of large opening and asymptotic to û(t) as t → 0. However, even if û(t) fails to be multisummable, there may still be a solution u(t) that is asymptotic to û(t) in G or a subregion of G, and we shall also address the question of existence and/or uniqueness of u(t). Moreover, we shall give a review of some existing results on summability of formal power series solutions of PDE in two and more variables, reformulated to fit into this abstract frame.
The image compression research on the preprocessing technology of lifting wavelet transform

The key to image data compression is extracting main feature information such as edge and mutation part of the image signal. In order to improve the efficiency of image data compression based on lifting wavelet, the two lifting stage such as prediction and update can realize the information separation from high frequency to low frequency. image decomposition is completed through biorthogonal wavelet transform, the wavelet coefficients is extracted with multi-scale in different frequency bands, The location, dimension and corresponding relationship to mutations point for module maximum of wavelet coefficients are all determined. The compression process is stop until the image signal can be approximately reconstructed from these feature information, image feature extraction and data compression are realized finally. The simulation shows that the lifting wavelet is fully competent for image data compression.
Transmembrane water-flux through SLC4A11: a route defective in genetic corneal diseases

Three genetic corneal dystrophies [congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy type 2 (CHED2), Harboyan syndrome and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy] arise from mutations of the SLC4a11 gene, which cause blindness from fluid accumulation in the corneal stroma. Selective transmembrane water conductance controls cell size, renal fluid reabsorption and cell division. All known water-channelling proteins belong to the major intrinsic protein family, exemplified by aquaporins (AQPs). Here we identified SLC4A11, a member of the solute carrier family 4 of bicarbonate transporters, as an unexpected addition to known transmembrane water movement facilitators. The rate of osmotic-gradient driven cell-swelling was monitored in Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK293 cells, expressing human AQP1, NIP5;1 (a water channel protein from plant), hCNT3 (a human nucleoside transporter) and human SLC4A11. hCNT3-expressing cells swelled no faster than control cells, whereas SLC4A11-mediated water permeation at a rate about half that of some AQP proteins. SLC4A11-mediated water movement was: (i) similar to some AQPs in rate; (ii) uncoupled from solute-flux; (iii) inhibited by stilbene disulfonates (classical SLC4 inhibitors); (iv) inactivated in one CHED2 mutant (R125H). Localization of AQP1 and SLC4A11 in human and murine corneal (apical and basolateral, respectively) suggests a cooperative role in mediating trans-endothelial water reabsorption. Slc4a11−/− mice manifest corneal oedema and distorted endothelial cells, consistent with loss of a water-flux. Observed water-flux through SLC4A11 extends the repertoire of known water movement pathways and call for a re-examination of explanations for water movement in human tissues.
Different effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left atrial function in patients with either idiopathic or ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a two-dimensional speckle strain study.

AIMS In dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), attenuation of left atrial (LA) booster pump function has been observed, and attributed both to altered LA loading conditions owing to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and to LA involvement in the myopathic process. The aim of the present study was to detect LA systolic dysfunction in DCM using speckle-tracking two-dimensional strain echocardiography (2DSE), and to assess the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on LA myocardial strain during 6 month follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 90 patients (aged, 52.4 +/- 10.2 years) with either idiopathic (n = 47) or ischaemic (n = 43) DCM underwent standard Doppler echo and 2DSE analysis of atrial longitudinal strain in the basal segments of LA septum and LA lateral wall, and in LA roof. The two groups were comparable for clinical variables (NYHA class: III in 72.2%; IV in 27.8%). LV volumes, ejection fraction, stroke volume, and mitral valve effective regurgitant orifice were similar between the two groups. No significant differences were evidenced in Doppler transmitral inflow measurements. LA diameter and maximal volume were also similar between the two groups. Conversely, LA active emptying volume and fraction were both lower in patients with idiopathic DCM. Peak systolic myocardial atrial strain was significantly compromised in patients with idiopathic DCM compared with ischaemic DCM in all the analysed atrial segments (P < 0.001). At follow-up, 64 patients (71.1%) (37 idiopathic and 27 ischaemic) were responders, and 26 (28.9%) (10 idiopathic; 16 ischaemic) were non-responders to CRT (responder: decrease of LV end-systolic volume >15%). A significant improvement in LA systolic function was obtained only in patients with ischaemic DCM responders to CRT (P < 0.001). By multivariable analysis, in the overall population, it was found that ischaemic aetiology of DCM (beta-coefficient = 0.62; P < 0.0001) and positive response to CRT (beta-coefficient = 0.42; P < 0.01) were the only independent determinants of LA lateral wall systolic strain. CONCLUSIONS Two-dimensional strain represents a promising non-invasive technique to assess LA atrial myocardial function in patients with DCM. LA pump and reservoir function at baseline and after CRT are more depressed in idiopathic compared with ischaemic DCM patients. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to understand further the natural history of LA myocardial function, the extent of reversibility of LA dysfunction with CRT, and the possible prognostic impact of such indexes in patients with congestive heart failure.
Dynamic measurement of the calcium buffering properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in mouse skeletal muscle

• The rise in cytosolic calcium ion concentration that triggers muscle contraction requires release of a large amount of calcium from the cellular store, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), where it is stored bound, largely to the protein calsequestrin. • Binding of calcium by calsequestrin is a complex process, believed to involve changes in protein conformation and aggregation. We want to know to what extent these properties, observed in vitro, apply inside cells. • We measured the calcium buffering power of the SR, defined as the ratio of change in total SR calcium by change in free [Ca2+]SR, in muscle cells of wild type or calsequestrin‐lacking mice, using two different methods to monitor [Ca2+]SR and deriving changes in total SR calcium content from simultaneous measurements of cytosolic [Ca2+]. • The average buffering power during a large, depleting calcium release event was 157 in the wild type and 40 in the calsequestrin‐null mice, suggesting that three‐quarters of the calcium released normally comes from the calsequestrin‐bound pool. • The Ca2+ buffering ability of the SR is different from that of the equivalent concentration of calsequestrin in aqueous solution, the SR exhibiting greater affinity and cooperativity. We conclude that calsequestrin adopts different properties inside cells. • SR buffering power depends on the SR Ca2+ load and on the rate of its changes, a dependence that could be, at least in part, explained by the unique Ca2+ binding properties of calsequestrin. • This study reveals Ca2+ buffering as a highly dynamic process, marking it as both a vulnerable link in diseases that involve loss of control of Ca2+ release, and a candidate for further study and intervention.
Predictive Oscillation Patterns : i \ Synthesis of lVlethods for Spatial-Ten 1 poral Decon 1 position of Randon 1 Fields

Spatial-temporal decompositions of climatologic fields have been obtained using a range of techniques including principal component analysis (PCA) and principal oscillation patterns (POPS). PCA decompositions are forced to be correlated to the original field but they may not capture interesting aspects of temporal variation. On the other hand, POPS decompositions focus On temporal variation but are not forced to correlate to the field. Here we introduce a hybrid of these methods which attempts to retain desirable of both PCA and POPS. The apprc)ach attern]Jts to the field onto lower dimensional with the UN,u»r",
Estimation of a Mixture via the Empirical Characteristic Function

In many circumstances, the likelihood function does not have a simple tractable expression. The main examples discussed in the paper are the convolution and the mixture of distributions. Finite mixture models are commonly used to model data from a population composed of a finite number of homogeneous subpopulations. An example of application is the estimation of a cost function in presence of multiple technologies of production (see Beard, Caudill, and Gropper, 1991). Ignoring heterogeneity may lead to seriously misleading results. Convolution appears in models that include person-specific hetorogeneity that is not observable (see Lancaster, 1990). For such models, estimation using the characteristic function offers a nice alternative to maximum likelihood method. It has been shown by Feuerverger and McDunnough (1981) that the empirical characteristic function yields an efficient estimator when used with a specific weighting function. However, this weighting function depends on the likelihood which is of course unknown. This poses the problem of the implementation of this method. Here we show that the empirical characteristic function yields a continuum of moment conditions that can be handled by the method developed by Carrasco and Florens (1999). We simply estimate the parameters of the model by GMM based on this continuum of moment conditions. We show that this method delivers asymptotically efficient estimators while being relatively easy to implement. A close investigation shows that Carrasco-Florens' results gives a rationale to Feuerverger and McDunnough's approach and is much more general since it applies to any continuum of moments. Using our continuous GMM method avoids the explicit derivation of the optimal weighting function as in Feuerverger and McDunnough. We give a general method to estimate it from the data. Next, we allow for the presence of covariates in the model. We discuss the efficient estimation based on the conditional characteristic function conditionally on exogenous variables. As long as identifiability holds, our estimators reach the Cramer Rao efficiency bound for any choice of instruments. The issue on optimal instruments can be completely ignored here. The way we choose the weight in our GMM objective function guarantees efficiency. Finally, we intend to complete the paper by a Monte Carlo experiment in order to assess the small sample properties of our estimators.
Autonomous learning of novel patterns by utilizing chaotic dynamics

We propose an autonomous dynamical pattern recognition and learning system which can learn new patterns without any external observer. For realizing the "I don't know" state as a filter, we constructed the network from Lorenz systems. First, we find a parameter which affects the network dynamics from the evolution equation. A series of computer simulations show the dependence of the network dynamics on the parameter. Then we find a critical region of the network dynamics. In this critical region, when the embedded pattern is given to the network, the output pattern of the network immediately goes to the relevant embedded pattern and the state of network reduces to the oscillatory state at once. On the other hand, when no embedded pattern is given to the network, the network state oscillates chaotically. It is considered to be the "I don't know" state. Second, we find a transition rule of the output pattern, that is, the pattern dynamics. This dynamics is approximated with a circle map. Further, we find a power law as a statistical property. It means that the pattern dynamics is intermittent chaos type II or III. Finally, when a Hebb rule is applied to the network under the external stimuli that are unknown patterns, the internal state of the network is inversely bifurcated from the chaotic state to the periodic state according to the progress of learning. By utilizing this bifurcation as an index of the progress of learning, the network can learn new patterns without any external observer. Further the network can learn new patterns without destroying the previous embedded patterns.
Using Semantic Similarity for Input Topic Identification in Crawling-based Web Application Testing

To automatically test web applications, crawling-based techniques are usually adopted to mine the behavior models, explore the state spaces or detect the violated invariants of the applications. However, in existing crawlers, rules for identifying the topics of input text fields, such as login ids, passwords, emails, dates and phone numbers, have to be manually configured. Moreover, the rules for one application are very often not suitable for another. In addition, when several rules conflict and match an input text field to more than one topics, it can be difficult to determine which rule suggests a better match. This paper presents a natural-language approach to automatically identify the topics of encountered input fields during crawling by semantically comparing their similarities with the input fields in labeled corpus. In our evaluation with 100 real-world forms, the proposed approach demonstrated comparable performance to the rule-based one. Our experiments also show that the accuracy of the rule-based approach can be improved by up to 19% when integrated with our approach.
An approach to new methods for digital signal processing on optical mapping sequences and electrical mapping

Optical Mapping (OM) sequences represent a very useful tool for registering cardiac bioelectric activity with high patio-temporal resolution. Conventional preprocessing of OM movies is mostly done with spatio-temporal filters, which could be improved for yielding better signal to noise ratio in the processed images. Also, the multimodal mapping, such as electrical mapping combined with OM, is limited by the need of presence of catheters in the optical image. In this work, we addressed a twofold objective. First, we explored the suitability and scope of intrinsic multi-recording techniques to separate different noise sources in OM sequences. Second, we explored the use of advanced techniques to extrapolate the electrical mapping shadowed spatial regions on the OM images. We scrutinized the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on OM sequences obtained in OM laboratory, showing that: (1) the second spatial component mostly conveys movement artifacts, and could be removed or processed for improving the quality; (2) the components from 3 to about 10 convey both spatial variations and spatial artifacts, which can not be readily decoupled. The use of GPatt, an advanced algorithm for multidimensional pattern extrapolation based on Gaussian Processes, was also analyze in a multimodal recording of OM and electrical mapping including a lasso catheter, showing interesting capabilities for removing the catheter shadows with fidelity, and dependence with respect to noise and texture. Our results show that other processing methods can provide with enhanced signal to noise ratio when working with OM sequences.
THE LUNAR REGOLITH

Regolith is a terrestrial term, also used for the Moon. It has been defined as " a general term for the layer or mantle of fragmental and unconsolidated rock material, whether residual or transported and of highly varied character, that nearly everywhere forms the surface of the land and overlies or covers bedrock. It includes rock debris of all kinds, [including] volcanic ash. " (Bates and Jackson, 1980). All the lunar landings and all photographic investigations show , that the entire lunar surface consists of a regolith layer that completely covers the underlying bedrock, except perhaps on some very steep-sided crater walls and lava channels, where there may be exposed bedrock. The regoliths developed on the Earth are produced by processes that are uniquely terrestrial—the presence of oxygen, the influences of wind and water, and the activities of life. In contrast, on the airless, lifeless Moon, the lunar regolith results from uniquely different processes—the continuous impact of large and small meteoroids and the steady bombardment of the lunar surface by charged atomic particles from the sun and the stars. Exposed rocks on the lunar surface are covered with impact craters whose diameters range from more than 1000 km to less than 1 µm. The corresponding impacting objects range from asteroids tens of kilometers in diameter to particles of cosmic dust a few hundred angstroms across, a range of more than 12 orders of magnitude. Despite the size disparity, the effects on bedrock are similar at both ends of the size spectrum—excavation of a crater, accompanied by shattering, pulverization, melting, mixing, and dispersal of the original coherent bedrock to new locations in and around the crater. The moment that fresh bedrock is exposed on the Moon (e.g., by the eruption of a lava flow), meteoroid bombardment begins to destroy it. As the impacts continue, the original bedrock is covered by a fragmental layer of broken, melted, and otherwise altered debris from innumerable superimposed craters. This layer is the lunar regolith. Studies of returned samples have shown that the bulk of this lunar regolith (informally called the lunar soil) consists of particles <1 cm in size although larger cobbles and boulders, some as much as several meters across, are commonly found at the surface. Because the impact cratering events produce shock overpressures and heat, much of the pulverized material is melted and welded together to produce breccias (fragmental rocks) and impact …
A Monolithic Voltage-Boosting Parallel-Primary Transformer Structures for Fully Integrated CMOS Power Amplifier Design

In this paper, a novel monolithic voltage-boosting parallel-primary transformer is presented for the fully integrated CMOS power amplifier design. Multiple primary loops are interweaved in parallel to combine the AC currents from multiple power devices while the higher turn ratio of a secondary loop boosts AC voltages of the combined primary loops at the load of the secondary loop. The proposed interweaved structure is much more compact and separable from power devices, avoiding potential instability. To verify the feasibility of this power combining method, the fully integrated CMOS switching power amplifier was implemented in a standard 0.18-mum technology. The power amplifier successfully demonstrated a measured output power of 1.3 W and a measured power added efficiency (PAE) of 41% to a 50-Omega load with a 3.3-V power supply at 1.8 GHz operation.
Multiscale Coarse-Graining of the Protein Energy Landscape

A variety of coarse-grained (CG) models exists for simulation of proteins. An outstanding problem is the construction of a CG model with physically accurate conformational energetics rivaling all-atom force fields. In the present work, atomistic simulations of peptide folding and aggregation equilibria are force-matched using multiscale coarse-graining to develop and test a CG interaction potential of general utility for the simulation of proteins of arbitrary sequence. The reduced representation relies on multiple interaction sites to maintain the anisotropic packing and polarity of individual sidechains. CG energy landscapes computed from replica exchange simulations of the folding of Trpzip, Trp-cage and adenylate kinase resemble those of other reduced representations; non-native structures are observed with energies similar to those of the native state. The artifactual stabilization of misfolded states implies that non-native interactions play a deciding role in deviations from ideal funnel-like cooperative folding. The role of surface tension, backbone hydrogen bonding and the smooth pairwise CG landscape is discussed. Ab initio folding aside, the improved treatment of sidechain rotamers results in stability of the native state in constant temperature simulations of Trpzip, Trp-cage, and the open to closed conformational transition of adenylate kinase, illustrating the potential value of the CG force field for simulating protein complexes and transitions between well-defined structural states.
Microbiological aspects of methane production during pig manure storage

The natural degradation of livestock wastes during their storage leads to the release of CH4 to the atmosphere due to anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. These emissions originate mainly from swine (38%), dairy (21%) and poultry (9%) livestock wastes. However, the amount of methane emitted varies greatly according to the animal type, its diet or the related manure management practices (Martinez et al., 2000, 2003). With the goal of understanding the factors influencing methane emissions, it is important to analyse the microbiological aspects of manure anaerobic digestion. In this work the bacterial and archaeal communities of manures with different methane production behaviour were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of laboratory scale incubations using a fingerprinting technique that targets microbial 16S ribosomal genes (Amann et al., 1995). This technique allows the detection of dominant microbial populations whatever their cultural ability.
A Bug Locating Method for the Debugging of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation

Debugging is critically important for diagnosing bugs of programs. In optimistic Parallel Discrete Event Simulation(PDES), a bug is probably not to be reproduced for the different orders of event processing in different simulation runs, so locating bugs is of great challenge in debugging PDES programs. To solve this problem, we first propose a bug reproducing method based on checkpoint/restart mechanism, which avoids starting the program from scratch when an error emerges. Moreover, our method can change the checkpoint interval dynamically to reduce the overhead of states saving. Then, based on bug reproduction we propose a bug locating method, which aims at searching for these events that cause the bugs likely by comparing the event processing sequences between one passing test case and the failing test case. By doing this, we can focus on the events directly related to the bugs, which will reduce the time of locating a bug.