Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KERJA SAMA SELATAN-SELATAN DAN MANFAATNYA BAGI INDONESIA

Indonesian foreign policy is always mentioned by the country’s leaders for the sake of achieving national interest. Under the SBY administration, its implementation is carried out by introducing its soft power policy, by offering foreign aids, performing its new role as donor to developing countries through South-South Cooperation (SSC). It is considered by the Indonesian leaders that performing an active role in SSC would give political benefit or positive image for the country. This paper resulted from research report conducted in 2014, adopting a qualitative method of analysis with collecting data activities in Surabaya and Gorontalo. The research is aimed to know how far Indonesia can take benefits from SSC. Its finding concludes that the country’s involvement is intended to gain political support from developing countries for the country’s political interest in international arena. Unfortunately, it has not yet given significant contribution for the country’s economic development, especially in the regions.
Point Clouds Denoising Method Based on SPAD Discrete Probability Model and Completion

The laser imaging system based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) has demonstrated significant promise in long-range or low-power detection. However, the obtained point clouds encompass intricate noise attributable to the device’s detection characteristics, significantly affecting downstream applications. In this article, we present a novel denoising method named LCLOF for SPAD-acquired point clouds, built upon a completion denoising strategy and the SPAD discrete detection probability model. Instead of directly denoising the input raw data, LCLOF outputs clean data through point cloud completion. Specifically, the proposed method involves preprocessing the input data to extract feature points and incomplete point clouds. The SPAD discrete probability model is integrated into point cloud preprocessing to achieve the desired outcome. Moreover, an improved local outlier factor (ILOF) approach is put forth as the completion strategy. Denoising will be accomplished by using ILOF to filter out feature points and fill the incomplete point clouds. Theoretical analysis illustrates the feasibility of the completion strategy in scenarios involving point clouds with nonuniform density. Experimental results illustrate the performance of the proposed method over state-of-the-art approaches concerning the denoising of point clouds in the context of SPAD-based laser imaging system.
Association Between Smartphone Usage and Primary Headaches in Taif, Saudi Arabia: A Hospital-Based Study

Background Integrating smartphones into human life has transformed various daily activities. Numerous symptoms, including headaches, have been linked to smartphone use. The excessive use of these devices raises significant health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone use and the progression, type, and severity of primary headaches, as well as the necessity for both abortive and prophylactic medications in treating such conditions. Materials and methods In this study, we utilized a cross-sectional survey involving 403 participants aged 14 years and older, all experiencing primary headaches and seeking care at three governmental hospitals in Taif, Saudi Arabia. The participants were divided into two groups based on their smartphone usage: high and low smartphone users. Data were collected through a hospital-based questionnaire administered across the three centers. Descriptive analysis and Pearson chi-square tests were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21 (released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results Of the participants, 128 (31.8%) were classified as low users, while 275 (68.2%) were identified as high users. The most frequently reported type of headache was undiagnosed headache, among 109 (27%), followed by migraine, at 86 (21.3%). Headaches were severe in 112 (40.9%) of cases and moderate in 134 (48.9%) of users. Around 62 (72.1%) of participants diagnosed with migraine reported a severe impact on their daily lives. In terms of medication usage, 166 (60.6%) of participants reported consuming zero to five pills monthly, while 52 (19%) reported taking more than 10 pills monthly. Additionally, 58 (21.2%) of participants utilized prophylactic medications. Conclusion No significant association was observed between smartphone use and the impact of headaches. Notably, pain severity was higher among low smartphone users who reported a high intake of medications. Migraine was the most severe and intense headache type. On average, the participants consumed fewer than five pills per month.
The Single-Cycle Biphotons Generated by Noncollinear SPDC in The Chirped QPM Crystals

We analysis the noncollinear spontaneous parametric down conversion(SPDC) and compare the biphotons generated by the chirped quasi-phase-matching(QPM) between the periodically poled lithium niobate(PPLN) and periodically poled KTiOPO_4(PPKTP) crystals. Due to the chirping of the crystals, the frequency response range of the biphotons would be greatly increased. For nonlinear SPDC, angular variation is limited (less than 0.06 degree in this paper), and the angle would narrow the frequency response range of the biphotons. We compare the effect of angle in PPLN crystals and PPKTP crystals for biphotons. Both the two crystals with chirped QPM, the single-cycle biphotons can be generated during noncollinear SPDC within a suitable angle range, which is favorable for wider applications in experiments.
System Identification Based on Deconvolution and Cross Correlation: An Application to a 20‐Story Instrumented Building in Anchorage, Alaska

Abstract Deconvolution and cross‐correlation techniques are used for system identification of a 20‐story steel, moment‐resisting frame building in downtown Anchorage, Alaska. This regular‐plan midrise structure is instrumented with a 32‐channel accelerometer array at 10 levels. The impulse response functions (IRFs) and correlation functions (CFs) are computed based on waveforms recorded from ambient vibrations and five local and regional earthquakes. The earthquakes occurred from 2005 to 2014 with moment magnitudes between 4.7 and 6.2 over a range of azimuths at epicenter distances of 13.3–183 km. The building’s fundamental frequencies and mode shapes are determined using a complex mode indicator function based on singular value decomposition of multiple reference frequency‐response functions. The traveling waves, identified in IRFs with a virtual source at the roof, and CFs are used to estimate the intrinsic attenuation associated with the fundamental modes and shear‐wave velocity in the building. Although the cross correlation of the waveforms at various levels with the corresponding waveform at the first floor provides more complicated wave propagation than that from the deconvolution with virtual source at the roof, the shear‐wave velocities identified by both techniques are consistent—the largest difference in average values is within 8%. The median shear‐wave velocity from the IRFs of five earthquakes is 191 m/s for the east–west (E‐W), 205 m/s for the north–south (N‐S), and 176 m/s for the torsional responses. The building’s average intrinsic‐damping ratio is estimated to be 3.7% and 3.4% in the 0.2–1 Hz frequency band for the E‐W and N‐S directions, respectively. These results are intended to serve as reference for the undamaged condition of the building, which may be used for tracking changes in structural integrity during and after future earthquakes.
Evaluating Image Quality and Radiation Dose in Low-Dose Thoraco-Abdominal CT Angiography with a Tin Filter for Patients with Aortic Disease

Background: We aimed to compared radiation exposure and image quality between tin-filter-based and standard dose thoraco-abdominal computed tomography angiography (TACTA) protocols, aiming to address a gap in the existing literature. Methods: In this retrospective study, ninety consecutive patients undergoing TACTA were included. Of these, 45 followed a routine standard-dose protocol (ST100kV), and 45 underwent a low-dose protocol with a tin filter (TF100kV). Radiation metrics were compared. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and figure of merit (FOM) were calculated for the thoracic and abdominal aorta and right common iliac artery. Two independent readers assessed the image noise, image contrast, sharpness, and subjective image quality. Results: The mean dose for the TF100kV group was significantly lower (DLP 128.25 ± 18.18 mGy*cm vs. 662.75 ± 181.29, p < 0.001; CTDIvol 1.83 ± 0.25 mGy vs. 9.28 ± 2.17, p = 0.001), with an effective dose close to 2.3 mSv (2.31 ± 0.33 mSv; p < 0.001). The TF100kV group demonstrated greater dose efficiency (FOM, thoracic aorta: 36.70 ± 22.77 vs. 13.96 ± 13.18 mSv−1, p < 0.001) compared to the ST100kV group. Conclusions: Dedicated low-dose TACTA using a tin filter can significantly reduce the radiation dose while maintaining sufficient diagnostic image quality.
Evaluating a Measure-Calculate Method for Determining Sediment Oxygen Demand in Lakes

A steady-state mass diffusion model used with simple measurable and calculable inputs for determining sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is compared to an intact core incubation (ICI) SOD method using samples from three lakes. The mass diffusion model coupled with inputs is known as the measure-calculate method (M-C) and is a potential alternative to existing methods for measuring SOD which are more complex, time-consuming, and costly. The M-C method requires inputs for volumetric sediment oxygen uptake (Ṅsed), sediment density and porosity, and water properties. Ṅsed was determined by suspending sediment in oxygen-saturated water with a DO probe and determining the steady state rate of oxygen decline for the volume of sediment suspended. The SOD values determined using the M-C method were not significantly different from SOD determined using the ICI method using water property inputs representative of lake conditions. Thus, the study confirms the method’s efficacy under test conditions and encourages further research. A separate comparison using water property inputs representative of conditions within incubated cores showed that M-C SOD correlated negatively against ICI SOD despite having similar mean values. This appears to be a result of different boundary conditions for flow velocity and DO within the core, and may discourage the ICI method’s use, as tested, for determining actual in-situ lake SOD.
Enhanced High-Fructose Corn Syrup Production: Immobilizing Serratia marcescens Glucose Isomerase on MOF (Co)-525 Reduces Co2+ Dependency in Glucose Isomerization to Fructose

The escalating demand for processed foods has led to the widespread industrial use of glucose isomerase (GI) for high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) production. This reliance on GIs necessitates continual Co2+ supplementation to sustain high catalytic activity across multiple reaction cycles. In this study, Serratia marcescens GI (SmGI) was immobilized onto surfaces of the metal-organic framework (MOF) material MOF (Co)-525 to generate MOF (Co)-525-GI for use in catalyzing glucose isomerization to generate fructose. Examination of MOF (Co)-525-GI structural features using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet spectroscopy revealed no structural changes after SmGI immobilization and the addition of Co2+. Notably, MOF (Co)-525-GI exhibited optimal catalytic activity at pH 7.5 and 70 °C, with a maximum reaction rate (Vmax) of 37.24 ± 1.91 μM/min and Km value of 46.25 ± 3.03 mM observed. Remarkably, immobilized SmGI exhibited sustained high catalytic activity over multiple cycles without continuous Co2+ infusion, retaining its molecular structure and 96.38% of its initial activity after six reaction cycles. These results underscore the potential of MOF (Co)-525-GI to serve as a safer and more efficient immobilized enzyme technology compared to traditional GI-based food-processing technologies.
Why Do We Not Wear Masks Anymore during the COVID-19 Wave? Vaccination Precludes the Adoption of Personal Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions: A Quantitative Study of Taiwanese Residents

Background and Objectives: This study examined whether the decline in people’s adoption of personal NPIs (e.g., mask wearing) results from the preclusion by vaccination. This study also incorporates the concepts of risk perception and the risk-as-feelings model to elucidate the possible mechanisms behind this preclusion. Materials and Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys (N = 462 in Survey 1 and N = 505 in Survey 2) were administered before and during the first outbreak of COVID-19 in Taiwan. The survey items were designed to measure participants’ perceived severity of COVID-19, worry about COVID-19, intention to adopt personal NPIs, and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines. Utilizing the risk perception framework, we conducted multigroup SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) to construct the optimal structural model for both samples. Results and Conclusions: The multigroup SEM results showed that worry (i.e., the emotional component of risk perception) fully mediates the influence of the perceived severity of COVID-19 (i.e., the cognitive component of risk perception) on the intention to adopt NPIs in both surveys [z = 4.03, p < 0.001 for Survey 1 and z = 2.49, p < 0.050 for Survey 2]. Before the outbreak (i.e., Survey 1), people’s attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines showed no significant association with their worry about COVID-19 [z = 0.66, p = 0.508]. However, in Survey 2, following the real outbreak of COVID-19, people’s attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines negatively predicts their worry about COVID-19 [z = −4.31, p < 0.001], indirectly resulting in a negative effect on their intention to adopt personal NPIs. This suggests the occurrence of the Peltzman effect. That is, vaccination fosters a sense of safety, subsequently diminishing alertness to COVID-19, and thus reducing the intention to adopt personal NPIs.
Zinc Protoporphyrin-Rich Pork Liver Homogenates as Coloring Ingredients in Nitrite-Free Liver Pâtés

This study aimed to investigate the coloring ingredient potential of liver homogenates that form Zn protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a natural red pigment, after anaerobic incubation. Liver homogenates were used to develop nitrite-free sterile pork liver pâtés. These homogenates were applied in the formulation of pâtés directly or after centrifugation to obtain a pellet that was highly concentrated in ZnPP. Both the whole homogenate and its insoluble fraction were adjusted to pH 7.5 before their use in the formulation of pâtés with and without antioxidant (0.5% ascorbate plus 0.1% tocopherol) addition. Pâtés formulated with the whole homogenate showed color and texture characteristics that were similar to those of the positive control with nitrite. However, high levels of the insoluble fraction also led to pâtés with improved color characteristics but with a two-fold softened texture. Therefore, the form and amount of ZnPP added played roles in the final appearance of the product. The ZnPP pigment was more stable than heme in the sterilization treatment, and antioxidant addition proved to be unnecessary. The ZnPP-rich ingredients allowed for the preparation of nitrite-free cooked liver pâtés with a stable red color and could thus be potentially applied in other uncured cooked meat products.
Characterisation of a LINE-1 Insertion in the RP1 Gene by Targeted Adaptive Nanopore Sequencing in a Family with Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited degenerative retinal disorders affecting more than 1.5 million people worldwide. For 30-50% of individuals with RP, the genetic cause remains unresolved by current clinical diagnostic gene panels. It is likely explained by variants in novel RP-associated genes or noncoding regulatory regions, or by complex genetic alterations such as large structural variants. Recent developments in long-read sequencing techniques have opened an opportunity for efficient analysis of complex genetic variants. We analysed a Finnish family with dominantly inherited RP affecting six individuals in three generations. Two affected individuals underwent a comprehensive clinical examination in combination with a clinical diagnostic gene panel, followed by whole exome sequencing in our laboratory. They exhibited typical signs of RP, yet initial sequence analysis found no causative variants. Reanalysis of the sequencing data detected a LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposon insertion of unknown size in exon 4 of the RP1 axonemal microtubule-associated (RP1) gene. The large chimeric L1 insertion that segregated with the disease was further characterised using targeted adaptive nanopore sequencing of RP1, allowing us to identify a 5.6 kb L1 transposable element insertion in RP1 as the cause of RP in this family with dominantly inherited RP.
The effects of climate change on the global migration of birds

Migration is one of the most spectacular wonders of the natural world but is increasingly threatened by large-scale environmental change. Migrants are key components of biological systems at higher latitudes, where the magnitude and velocity of climate change is most pronounced. In this thesis, I consider how the distribution of migratory species may change in the future, across the globe, in response to environmental change. Using global data on avian species distributions, the environmental and biological factors that affect migratory species richness were investigated. The cost of migration distance between breeding and non-breeding areas, and resident species richness were two important determinants of migrant species richness in a given location. Species distribution models (SDMs) were used to relate migratory species occurrence in breeding and non-breeding seasons to contemporary climatic variables. The importance of climatic variables for predicting migrant species’ occupancy depended on season (breeding or non-breeding). Whilst most SDMs focus on individual species breeding ranges, and model within the occupied realm, this can be problematic for migratory species that frequently use multiple realms, especially if trying to project newly suitable areas in future. Here, I developed a novel method to assess climatic suitability for migratory species globally, within species migration flyways. Selecting absence data to condition SDMs for species occurring across multiple realms can be problematic, as regions distant from the range may be suitable but unoccupied. To minimise this issue, I developed a modelling approach that selected absences preferentially from closer to a species distribution, using a distance weighting function; compared to other methods, this improved model performance on withheld test data. Using this approach, I projected the potential future breeding and non-breeding ranges of all global terrestrial long-distance migrants under climate change. Migrant breeding ranges were projected to shift poleward, but non-breeding range shift projections are less consistent in direction. To date, predictions of migratory changes under future climate scenarios have usually estimated a single distance between breeding and non-breeding range centroids. However, this approach ignores the variation in migratory movements within species. I developed a method to estimate the range of potential migration distances for individual populations, both now and in the future, which agreed well with recovery data for a well-recorded European trans-Saharan migrant. This approach projected longer median migratory distances in the future for many species. This thesis highlights the importance of climate for migratory species, and suggests that the observed general decline in many long-distance migratory species may be exacerbated by ongoing climate change.
Photodynamic treatment of malignant melanoma with structured light: in silico Monte Carlo modeling

In this report, we propose a novel strategy for the photodynamic approach to the treatment of melanoma, aiming to mitigate the excessive absorption and consequent thermal effects. The cornerstone of this approach is an innovative structured illumination technique that optimizes light delivery to the tissue. The methodology of this in silico study involves the development of an optical model of human skin with the presence of melanoma and an accurate simulation technique of photon transport within the complex turbid scattering medium. To assess the effectiveness of our proposed strategy, we introduced a cost function reflecting the irradiated volume and optical radiation absorption within the target area/volume occupied by malformation. By utilizing the cost function, we refine the offset illumination parameters for a variety of target system parameters, ensuring increased efficiency of photodynamic therapy. Our computer simulation results introduce a promising new path towards improved photodynamic melanoma treatments, potentially leading to better therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects. Further experimental validation is needed to confirm these theoretical advancements, which could contribute towards revolutionizing current melanoma photodynamic treatment methodologies.
La autoestima y su relación con la ansiedad social y las habilidades sociales

espanolEste trabajo examina la autoestima y sus dimensiones utilizando la “Escala Janis-Field de sentimientos de inadecuacion-Revisada” (RJFFIS) y la “Escala Rosenberg de autoestima” (RSES) en una muestra mayoritariamente universitaria (n= 826). Analizamos su relacion con la ansiedad social (AS) y las habilidades sociales (HHSS), evaluadas con el “Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos” (CASO), el “Cuestionario de habilidades sociales” (CHASO) y el “Inventario de asertividad de Rathus” (RAS). La solucion heptafactorial de la RJFFIS explica el 59,65% de la varianza comun y apoya un concepto multifactorial de la autoestima, incluyendo facetas que tienen que ver con la apariencia y habilidades fisicas, relaciones sociales y habilidades academicas o laborales. Las correlaciones moderadas con la RSES apoyan la validez convergente de la RJFFIS. Por otra parte, la autoestima se relaciona de forma moderada con la AS y las HHSS. Los sujetos con alta AS muestran una autoestima significativamente mas baja que aquellos con baja AS y lo opuesto ocurre respecto a las HHSS. Existen diferencias de sexo en cuanto a la autoestima, mostrando los hombres puntuaciones mas altas que las mujeres. Estos resultados sustentan la naturaleza multidimensional de la autoestima y la necesidad de investigar su papel en las areas tanto de la AS como de las HHSS. EnglishThis paper examines self-esteem and its dimensions using the Revised JanisField Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (RJFFIS) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) in a sample comprising mostly university undergraduates (n= 826). We analyzed their relationship with social anxiety (SA) and social skills (SS), assessed with the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for adults (SAQ), the Social Skills Questionnaire (CHASO) and the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS). The hepta- factorial solution for the RJFFIS explains 59.65% of the common variance and supports a multifactorial concept of self-esteem, including facets that have to do with physical appearance and abilities, social relationships, and academic or work skills. The moderate correlations with the RSES support the convergent validity of the RJFFIS. On the other hand, self-esteem is moderately related to SA and SS. Subjects with high SA show significantly lower self-esteem than those with a low SA and the opposite occurs regarding SS. There are gender differences in terms of self-esteem, with men showing higher scores than women. These results support the multidimensional nature of self-esteem and the need to investigate its role in the areas of both SA and SS.