Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Japanese Men of Pensionable Age Underemployed or Overemployed?

We investigate how Japanese men aged 60-74 adjust their workforce attachment after beginning to receive a public pension. Men who were employees at age 54 gradually move to part-time work or retire after beginning to receive pension benefits; those who continue working are more likely to be underemployed. Men self-employed at age 54, however, neither retire nor reduce their working hours even after beginning to receive pension benefits; these men are more likely to be overemployed. In contrast, U.S. men retire or move to part-time when they first claim Social Security; those who continue working as employees after Social Security starts are unlikely to be either over- or underemployed. Therefore, unlike U.S. men, Japanese men are not choosing the optimal pensionable age and labor hours to maximize their intertemporal utility.
Men with Low Serum Cholesterol Have a Lower Risk of High-Grade Prostate Cancer in the Placebo Arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial

Background: Several prospective studies suggest that use of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs is inversely associated with advanced stage and possibly high-grade prostate cancer. One study reported that men with low cholesterol had a lower risk of high-grade prostate cancer. Given these findings, we investigated the association between low serum cholesterol and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 5,586 men ages ≥55 years who were randomized to the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial between 1993 and 1996. Serum cholesterol was measured enzymatically at entry. By the end of follow-up, 1,251 prostate cancer cases were confirmed. We used logistic regression to calculate the multivariable odds ratio (OR) of total, and Gleason 2 to 6 (n = 993), 7 (n = 199), and 8 to 10 (n = 59) prostate cancer comparing low serum (normal, <200 mg/dL) to high-serum (borderline and elevated cholesterol, ≥200 mg/dL) cholesterol. Results: Men with low cholesterol had a lower risk of Gleason 8 to 10 prostate cancer [OR, 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.77] than men with high cholesterol. No association was present for prostate cancer overall (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85-1.11), Gleason 2 to 6 disease (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89-1.18), or Gleason 7 disease (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.69-1.24). Conclusion: These prospective results support that men with low cholesterol have a reduced risk of high-grade prostate cancer. These and other contemporary data that suggest that cholesterol metabolism should be investigated further in the etiology of prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):2807–13)
THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY VARIATIONS AND EMPLOYMENT IN IRAN'S INDUSTRY (APPLICATION OF BLANCHARD-QUAH DECOMPOSITION)

Increasing productivity, as a way to reduce the gap be- tween supply and demand and also as a factor to reduc the production costs and to increase the efficiency of resources use and the quality and competitiveness of products, is considerable for economists and policy- makers. On the other hand, the reduction of unemploy- ment is another challenge facing the countries of the world too. But the ambiguity to achieve both goals si- multaneously has been appeared in the recent theoretical and empirical studies. The main question in this study is whether productivity enhancing, causes reduction in Iran's indusrial employment? to address this question, a multivariate structural VAR model, including industrial labor productivity, employment and CPI for the 1973- 2007 period has been applied and the data gathered from APO, statistic center and central bank of Iran. Es- timation of structural model is based on Blanchard- Quah decomposition approach. The results show that promoting productivity policies have little role and im- portance in the employment variations, thereby its size in reducing employment in the long run is negligible.
Production and sensory evaluation of food blends from maize-plantain-soybean as infant complementary food

The study was conducted to produce and evaluate food blends from maize- plantain - soybean as infant complementary food. Treatments consist of diet formulated with toasted soya beans flour, ogi flour from yellow maize corn and firm ripe plantain was used for the production of the plantain flour. Six experimental diets were formulated from the above flours, to contain the following percentage ratios: OPBL1 - 50% maize, 25% plantain, 25% soybean; OPBL2 - 50% maize, 20% plantain, 30% soybean; OPBL3 - 50% maize, 15% plantain, 35% soybean; OPBL4 - 50% maize, 10% plantain, 40% soybean; OPBL5 - 50% maize, 5% plantain, 45% soybean; OPBL6 - 33.33% maize, 33.33% plantain, 33.33% soybean. Sensory evaluation of the maize-plantain-soybean composite flours based complementary foods was carried out using 7-point hedonic scale with 20 panelists. Generally, sample OPBL7 was most acceptable by the panelists, though not significantly different (P> 0.05) from samples OPBL6, OPBL5 and OPBL4. However, all samples were generally acceptable by the panelists.
Early morphologic stage of human coronary atherosclerosis.

Intimal, longitudinal, band-like lesions and spiral sclerotic changes (Fig. 1) were reported as gross findings of a recent study of human coronary atherogenesis (Nakashima et al.); and a relationship of these band-like lesions to hemodynamic action of the blood stream against the coronary arterial walls was postulated. The present study concerns the macroscopic and microscopic observations of the early stages of the longitudinal lesions.
Preclinical lupus

Purpose of reviewSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is often preceded by immune dysregulation and clinical manifestations below the threshold for SLE classification. This review discusses current and evolving concepts about the preclassification period of SLE, including clinical and mechanistic observations, and potential avenues for early identification and intervention. Recent findingsAlthough incomplete lupus erythematosus (ILE) involves fewer clinical manifestations than SLE, ILE patients can suffer organ damage and early mortality. Common clinical features in ILE include antinuclear antibody seropositivity, polyarthritis, immunologic manifestations, and hematological disorders. Despite having lower disease activity and damage scores than SLE patients, ILE patients may develop pulmonary arterial hypertension, or renal, neurological, or peripheral vascular damage. The recently proposed Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics SLE classification criteria could shift the period considered ‘preclinical SLE’. Murine studies suggest that the balance of T-helper/T-regulatory cells, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &ggr; activity, and plasmacytoid dendritic cell pathways may be valuable targets for early intervention. SummaryAdvances in our understanding of early SLE, including stages before clinical features are fully developed, will improve our ability to identify individuals at high risk of classification for potential prevention trials, provide necessary information to improve diagnostic testing, and perhaps identify novel targets for directed therapeutics in clinical SLE.
Preliminary Physical Mapping of RNA-RNA Linkages in the Genomic RNA of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

ABSTRACT Retrovirus particles contain two copies of their genomic RNA, held together in a dimer by linkages which presumably consist of a limited number of base pairs. In an effort to localize these linkages, we digested deproteinized RNA from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) particles with RNase H in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to specific sites in viral RNA. The cleaved RNAs were then characterized by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. We found that fragments composed of nucleotides 1 to 754 were dimeric, with a linkage as thermostable as that between dimers of intact genomic RNA. In contrast, there was no stable linkage between fragments consisting of nucleotides 755 to 8332. Thus, the most stable linkage between monomers is on the 5′ side of nucleotide 754. This conclusion is in agreement with earlier electron microscopic analyses of partially denatured viral RNAs and with our study (C. S. Hibbert, J. Mirro, and A. Rein, J. Virol. 78:10927-10938, 2004) of encapsidated nonviral mRNAs containing inserts of viral sequence. We obtained similar results with RNAs from immature MLV particles, in which the dimeric linkage is different from that in mature particles and has not previously been localized. The 5′ and 3′ fragments of cleaved RNA are all held together by thermolabile linkages, indicating the presence of tethering interactions between bases 5′ and bases 3′ of the cleavage site. When RNAs from mature particles were cleaved at nucleotide 1201, we detected tethering interactions spanning the cleavage site which are intramonomeric and are as strong as the most stable linkage between the monomers.
The psychological consequences of traditional and cyber bullying in Irish post-primary schools

• Consequences for all actor groups (victim, bully, bully-victim) – • Victims tend to have higher levels of anxiety, depression, when compared to bullies (Graham, Bellmore, & Mize, 2006) • Bullies have shown similar depression levels by victims (Kaltiala-Heino et al., 2000) • Bully/victims suffer the most of all those involved (bullies and victims), with higher levels of depression than other adolescents (Nansel et al., 2001) and similar psychosocial issues to victims, and risk behaviour similar to those exhibited by bullies (Graham et al., 2006; Nansel et al., 2001). Others report bully-victims are more anxious than both of these two groups (Swearer, Song, Cary, Eagle, & Mickelson, 2001). AIMS 1. Assess the overlapping effect of on and offline bullying 2. Examine psychological effects of involvement in bullying across actor groups 3. Examined impairment in mental health as a risk factor in bullying
Generalizações analíticas do espectro de um grafo

In this work, we introduce the concepts of p-eigenvalues and p-eigenvectors of the q-laplacian of a graph, which generalize the usual concepts of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the laplacian through the use of norms associated to vertices and edges of the graph. This approach allows the rewriting of graph theory results in analytic-spectral guise. We studied the largest and the second smallest p-eigenvalues of the q-laplacian, showing relationships with invariants such as the maximum cut size and Cheeger constant, and present an extension of this approach for the signless laplacian.
The Incentives Approach to Judicial Retirement

The concept of life tenure for judges has been roundly criticized in the legal academy, with many scholars advocating a mandatory retirement age or term limits for justices. These command and control approaches, however, do not target the most important factors in the retirement decision. Empirical studies demonstrate that workload, income, and prestige are the paramount factors influencing judicial retirement. Using empirical evidence, this essay proposes a judicial retirement function that can be used to model the retirement decisions of justices and other judicial actors. Rather than constitutional amendment, the incentives approach to retirement suggests that Congress should focus its attention on making incremental institutional modifications, such as to pensions and workload, to encourage retirement.
Trust and Control in Network Relations: A Study of a Public Sector Setting

This study contributes to the literature by addressing the role of trust and control in public sector settings in which several organizations cooperate; its aim is to advance the understanding of trust and control in relations in which several parties are involved. The empirical study presented is a longitudinal case study of the relationships between organizational units within a municipality and a shared service center (SSC) that provides IT and administrative services. The main finding is that, compared to actors in previous studies of dyadic relationships in the private sector, actors in network relations seem to consider trust a risky option. It is less tempting to rely on a certain party when that party in turn is entangled with other parties. This situation causes a more intensive use of formal control. Another result is that increased trust between two parties might lead to more emphasis on formal control by a third party.
Genomic and proteomic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis isolates of bovine origin

Staphylococcus aureus colonizes and infects humans as well as animals. In the present study, 17 S. aureus strains isolated from cows suffering from mastitis were characterized. The well‐established multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique and a diagnostic microarray covering 185 S. aureus virulence and resistance genes were used for genetic and epidemiological analyses. Virulence gene expression studies were performed by analyzing the extracellular protein pattern of each isolate on 2‐D gels. By this way, a pronounced heterogeneity of the extracellular proteome between the bovine isolates has been observed which was attributed to genome plasticity and variation of gene expression. Merely 12 proteins were expressed in at least 80% of the isolates, i.e. Atl, Aur, GlpQ, Hla, LtaS, Nuc, PdhB, SAB0846, SAB2176, SAB0566, SspA, and SspB forming the core exoproteome. Fifteen extracellular proteins were highly variably expressed and only present in less than 20% of the isolates. This includes the serine proteases SplB, C, and F, and the superantigens SEC‐bov, SEL and TSST‐1. Compared to human isolates we identified at least six proteins with significantly different expression frequencies. While SAB0846 was expressed more frequently in bovine isolates, LytM, EbpS, Spa, Geh, and LukL1 were seen less frequently in these isolates.
Personalized Medicine: Genetic Variation and Loss of Physiologic Complexity Are Associated With Mortality in 644 Trauma Patients

Objective:Personalized medicine merges genetics, physiology, and patient outcome. Loss of physiologic complexity (heart rate [HR] variability) is a bedside biomarker for autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. We hypothesized that variability in ANS receptor proteins (genetics) and loss of complexity (physiology) are independently associated with mortality in critical illness. Summary Background Data:Decreased HR complexity has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity in trauma and other critically ill populations. Genetic variations in alpha-1A and beta-2 adrenergic receptors (ADRA1A, ADRB2) have been associated with changes in smooth muscle tone in various tissues, and implicated in bronchial hyper-responsiveness, metabolic syndrome, and other disorders. Methods:A cohort of 644 trauma intensive care unit (ICU) admissions had complexity data and genetic samples. Two ANS receptor polymorphisms (rs1048101, Alpha ADRA1A and rs1042714, Beta ADRB2) were genotyped. Physiologic complexity at various points in the ICU stay was measured using previously-studied integer HR multiscale entropy (MSE) over 6-hour intervals (∼21,600 HR data points/interval/patient). Logistic regression assessed the concurrent relationship of genotypes, complexity, and probability of survival, an acuity score incorporating age, injury mechanism/severity, and admission vitals, to risk of death. Results:Of total, 96 patients (15%) died. Nonsurvivors had lower complexity at early, middle, and late portions of ICU stay (median MSE at least 25% less in nonsurvivors, P < 0.001) and lower incidence of the GG ADRB2 genotype (7.5% vs. 18.3%, P < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression, the GG ADRB2 genotype carried ∼3-fold decrease in mortality odds (odd ratio [OR] = 0.33, P = 0.01), independent of significant effects in HR MSE (OR = 0.93, P < 0.001), and probability of survival (OR = 0.22, P < 0.001). Conclusions:This first study to simultaneously examine ANS genetics, the biomarker complexity, and mortality concludes: (1) ANS genetics and physiologic complexity are independently related to mortality; (2) Genetics and complexity add information over traditional acuity scoring (probability of survival); and (3) Simultaneous assessment of ANS physiology and genetics may yield novel research, diagnostic, and therapeutic opportunities in critical illness.
Astrocytes as a regulated source of retinoic acid for the brain

Retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH) catalyze the synthesis of the regulatory factor retinoic acid (RA). Cultured astrocytes express several of the RALDH enzyme family, and it has been assumed that this can be extrapolated to astrocytes in vivo. However, this study finds that few astrocytes in the rodent brain express detectable RALDH enzymes, and only when these cells are grown in culture are these enzymes upregulated. Factors controlling the expression of the RALDHs in cultured astrocytes were explored to determine possible reasons for differences between in vitro versus in vivo expression. Retinoids were found to feedback to suppress several of the RALDHs, and physiological levels of retinoids may be one route by which astrocytic RALDHs are maintained at low levels. In the case of RALDH2, in vivo reduction of vitamin A levels in rats resulted in an increase in astrocyte RALDH2 expression in the hippocampus. Other factors though are likely to control RALDH expression. A shift in astrocytic RALDH subcellular localization is a potential mechanism for regulating RA signaling. Under conditions of vitamin A deficiency, RALDH2 protein moved from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it may synthesize RA at the site of the nuclear RA receptors. Similarly, in conditions of oxidative stress RALDH1 and RALDH2 moved from the cytoplasm to a predominantly nuclear position. Thus, the RALDHs have been revealed to be dynamic in their expression in astrocytes where they may maintain retinoid homeostasis in the brain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Mammalian Telomerase-Associated Protein

The telomerase ribonucleoprotein catalyzes the addition of new telomeres onto chromosome ends. A gene encoding a mammalian telomerase homolog called TP1 (telomerase-associated protein 1) was identified and cloned. TP1 exhibited extensive amino acid similarity to the Tetrahymena telomerase protein p80 and was shown to interact specifically with mammalian telomerase RNA. Antiserum to TP1 immunoprecipitated telomerase activity from cell extracts, suggesting that TP1 is associated with telomerase in vivo. The identification of TP1 suggests that telomerase-associated proteins are conserved from ciliates to humans.
Discrete-time affine term structure models with macroeconomic factors: Applied to German covered bonds

espanolEn este articulo se calibra la estructura temporal de tipos de interes de las obligaciones alemanas garantizadas, asi como se explica su dinamica en un contexto similar al de Jakas (2011, 2012). Sin embargo, en este articulo se utilizan los dos enfoques de los modelos afines: bajo la condicion de no arbitraje y con la violacion de esta condicion. Tambien, de forma similar a Jakas (2011, 2012), el factor de descuento estocastico da cuenta de factores macroeconomicos tales como las expectativas del consumidor, la tasa de desempleo, la tasa de inflacion y la oferta monetaria. En el enfoque de no arbitraje, las curvas de rendimientos se calibran mediante un modelo afin multifactorial de estructura temporal discreto en el tiempo. Curiosamente, cuando se ignora la condicion de no arbitraje, los coeficientes del modelo pueden tomar valores positivos y negativos a lo largo de la curva, algo que no es posible reproducir con la condicion de no arbitraje afin. En general, los resultados empiricos confirman los de la literatura macrofinanciera en el sentido de que los factores macroeconomicos explican en gran medida los movimientos de la estructura de tipos de interes. De forma similar a la literatura sobre la cuestion, se documenta el hecho de que la influencia de las variables macroeconomicas es mas pronunciada en la parte mas baja de la curva. EnglishIn this paper we calibrate the term structure of interest rates of German covered bonds and explain its dynamics in a similar set up to Jakas (2011, 2012). However, two approaches to the affine model are employed here: (i) including and (ii) disregarding the no-arbitrage condition. Similar to Jakas (2011, 2012) the stochastic discount factor (SDF) accounts for such macroeconomic factors as consumer expectations, unemployment rate, inflation rate and money supply. When including no-arbitrage, the yield curves are calibrated using a discrete time affine multifactor term structure model. Interestingly, when the no-arbitrage condition is disregarded, coefficients can take both positive and negative values along the yield curve, something that does not occur with an affine no-arbitrage model. Overall, the empirical findings in this study confirm the observations in the macrofinance literature, suggesting that macroeconomic factors have a strong explanatory power in the movements of the term structure of interest rates. We also find that the influence of macroeconomic variables is more pronounced at the front end rather than on longer maturities
Delay and Energy Tradeoff in Energy Harvesting Multi-Hop Wireless Networks With Inter-Session Network Coding and Successive Interference Cancellation

In this paper, we address the energy harvesting tradeoff for minimizing the average packet delay in wireless energy harvesting multi-hop networks with inter-session network coding (NC) and successive interference cancellation. Unlike the previous works, conventionally making a tradeoff between the transmission delay and the energy consumption in a wireless network, here by minimizing the ratio of the scheduling length to the harvesting energy remained, we present a cross-layer formulation for a joint routing, network coding, and scheduling problem in a wireless energy transfer network to make the length-energy tradeoff while satisfying the traffic demands from the upper layer. With the realistic signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio model, the formulation is also to address a conflict-free scheduling problem on the NC components, and to specify an energy harvesting and consuming model for these components in detail. Then, for the combinatorial nonlinear problem resulted, we develop a Lyapunov optimization-based scheme conducting a dynamic scheduling policy that can approach the optimal length-energy tradeoff while keeping the network stable. Specifically, the mixed integer nonlinear programming model, including, especially, the fractional objective is first transformed and decomposed into a master subproblem and a pricing subproblem with a column generation (CG) method to avoid enumerating all the possible configures, and then resolved iteratively through the Lyapunov optimization algorithm. To further reduce the complexity, the CG method on finding feasible configures is operated within a limited number of iteration and stopped when no significant improvements can be obtained. Finally, with the numerical results, we show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the scheduling length, while reserving the time long enough to harvest the energy for the wireless networks with and without NC, and verify the tradeoff on the performance metrics as $[O(V), O(1/V)]$ , which provides engineering insights for a practical system design.