Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations

Linguistic and genetic studies on Roma populations inhabited in Europe have unequivocally traced these populations to the Indian subcontinent. However, the exact parental population group and time of the out-of-India dispersal have remained disputed. In the absence of archaeological records and with only scanty historical documentation of the Roma, comparative linguistic studies were the first to identify their Indian origin. Recently, molecular studies on the basis of disease-causing mutations and haploid DNA markers (i.e. mtDNA and Y-chromosome) supported the linguistic view. The presence of Indian-specific Y-chromosome haplogroup H1a1a-M82 and mtDNA haplogroups M5a1, M18 and M35b among Roma has corroborated that their South Asian origins and later admixture with Near Eastern and European populations. However, previous studies have left unanswered questions about the exact parental population groups in South Asia. Here we present a detailed phylogeographical study of Y-chromosomal haplogroup H1a1a-M82 in a data set of more than 10,000 global samples to discern a more precise ancestral source of European Romani populations. The phylogeographical patterns and diversity estimates indicate an early origin of this haplogroup in the Indian subcontinent and its further expansion to other regions. Tellingly, the short tandem repeat (STR) based network of H1a1a-M82 lineages displayed the closest connection of Romani haplotypes with the traditional scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population groups of northwestern India.
The Impact of Lower Extremity Venous Ulcers due to Chronic Venous Insufficiency on Quality of Life

Lower extremity venous ulcers comprise a complex medical and social issue. The conservative and/or surgical management of venous ulcers is often inadequate. In addition, the psychosocial aspect of the disease is often overlooked and most often undertreated. Common symptoms such as pain, low self-esteem and patient isolation are usually not recognized and therefore not adequately managed. This mini-review summarizes the current data on the management of lower extremity venous ulcers and their impact on the quality of life of these patients.
Regionalism in East Asia: The Way Forward

For the past few years, regionalism has been progressing in East Asia with the likes of China, Japan, and Korea (CJK) as the most prominent actors. Unfortunately, with the absence of trade arrangement amongst the CJK, the present regional trade scheme is not sufficient to reach sustainability. This paper uncovers the inefficient scheme through Engle-Granger Cointegration and Error Correction Mechanism. This paper also proves that Chinaâ€™s action to conduct FTA with ASEAN countries will create Baldwinâ€™s domino effect to Japan and Korea. Moreover, the paper underlines the importance of triangular trade agreement for accelerating the phase of growth in CJK which eventually create a spillover effect to East Asia as a whole. Employing Two Stage Least Squares in a static panel fixed effect model, the paper argues that the spillover effect will function as an impetus for creating region-wide FTA. Furthermore, the paper also identifies a number of economic and political factors that can support the formation of East Asian Regionalism.
Bioaccessibility In Vitro of Nutraceuticals from Bark of Selected Salix Species

The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare the extractability, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability in vitro of antioxidative compounds from bark of selected Salix species: S. alba (SA), S. daphnoides (SD), S. purpurea (SP), and S. daphnoides x purpurea (SDP) hybrid willow clones originating from their natural habitats and cultivated on the sandy soil. The highest amount of phenolic glycosides was found in the bark of SDP and SD. The best source of phenolics was bark of SDP. The highest content of flavonoids were found in SD bark samples, whereas the highest concentration of bioaccessible and bioavailable phenolic acids was determined in SDP bark. Bark of all tested Salix species showed significant antiradical activity. This properties are strongly dependent on extraction system and genetic factors. Regardless of Salix genotypes, the lowest chelating power was found for chemically-extractable compounds. Bark of all Salix species contained ethanol-extractable compounds with reducing ability. Besides this, high bioaccessibility and bioavailability in vitro of Salix bark phytochemicals were found. Obtained results indicate that extracts from bark tested Salix genotypes can provide health promoting benefits to the consumers; however, this problem requires further study.
The impact of Galactic synchrotron emission on CMB anisotropy measurements. I. Angular power spectru

Context. Galactic foreground emission fluctuations are a limiting factor for precise cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy measurements. Aims. We intend to improve current estimates of the influence of Galactic synchrotron emission on the analysis of CMB anisotropies. Methods. We perform an angular power spectrum analysis (APS) of all-sky total intensity maps at 408 MHz and 1420 MHz, which are dominated by synchrotron emission out of the Galactic plane. We subtract the brighter sources from the maps, which turns out to be essential for the results obtained. We study the APS as a function of Galactic latitude by considering various cuts and as a function of sky position by dividing the sky into patches of ∼15 ◦ × 15 ◦ in size. Results. The APS of the Galactic radio diffuse synchrotron emission is best fitted by a power law, C� ∼ k� α , with α ∈ [−3.0, −2.6], where the lower values of α typically correspond to the higher latitudes. Nevertheless, the analysis of the patches reveals that strong local variations exist. A good correlation is found between the APS normalized amplitude, k100 = k×100 α , at 408 MHz and 1420 MHz. The mean APS for � ∈ [20, 40] is used to determine the mean spectral index between 408 MHz and 1420 MHz, β(0.408−1.4) GHz ∈ [−3.2, −2.9] (C� (ν) ∝ ν −2β ), which is then adopted to extrapolate the synchrotron APS results to the microwave range. Conclusions. We use the 408 MHz and 1420 MHz APS results to predict the Galactic synchrotron emission fluctuations at frequencies above 20 GHz. A simple extrapolation to 23 GHz of the synchrotron emission APS found at these radio frequencies does not explain all the power in the WMAP synchrotron component even at middle/high Galactic latitudes. This suggests a significant microwave contribution (of about 50% of the signal) by other components such as free-free or spinning dust emission. The comparison between the extrapolated synchrotron APS and the CMB APS shows that a mask excluding the regions with |bgal| < 5 ◦ would reduce the foreground fluctuations to about half of the cosmological ones at 70 GHz even at the lowest multipoles. The main implications of our analysis for the cosmological exploitation of microwave temperature anisotropy maps are discussed.
Controlled Surface Wettability by Plasma Polymer Surface Modification

Inspired by nature, tunable wettability has attracted a lot of attention in both academia and industry. Various methods of polymer surface tailoring have been studied to control the changes in wetting behavior. Polymers with a precisely controlled wetting behavior in a specific environment are blessed with a wealth of opportunities and potential applications exploitable in biomaterial engineering. Controlled wetting behavior can be obtained by combining surface chemistry and morphology. Plasma assisted polymer surface modification technique has played a significant part to control surface chemistry and morphology, thus improving the surface wetting properties of polymers in many applications. This review focuses on plasma polymerization and investigations regarding surface chemistry, surface wettability and coating kinetics, as well as coating stability. We begin with a brief overview of plasma polymerization; this includes growth mechanisms of plasma polymerization and influence of plasma parameters. Next, surface wettability and theoretical background structures and chemistry of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces are discussed. In this review, a summary is made of recent work on tunable wettability by tailoring surface chemistry with physical appearance (i.e. substrate texture). The formation of smart polymer coatings, which adjust their surface wettability according to outside environment, including, pH, light, electric field and temperature, is also discussed. Finally, the applications of tunable wettability and pH responsiveness of polymer coatings in real life are addressed. This review should be of interest to plasma surface science communality particularly focused controlled wettability of smart polymer surfaces.
International Journal of Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering an Improved Csi with the Use of Hybrid Pwm and Passive Resonant Snubber

— A hybrid pulse width modulation(PWM) scheme that combines the advantages of unipolar switching scheme (USS) and bipolar switching scheme (BSS) for a grid-connected current source inverter is presented. The former switching scheme has the advantage of low switching loss while the latter one has the advantage of less total harmonic distortion(THD). The inverter bridge is predominantly operated under USS over a line cycle, within which only one switch is switched at high frequency. It is momentarily operated in BSS around the zero-crossing region of the line voltage, within which two switches are switched at high frequency. To further reduce the switching loss, the concept of passive resonant snubber is applied to the high-frequency switches in the inverter. The circuit is simulated using MATLAB simu-link. The proposed control scheme is also to be implemented for a 60V, 50Hz, 360W inverter.
A PAC-Bayesian Approach to Minimum Perplexity Language Modeling

Despite the overwhelming use of statistical language models in speech recognition, machine translation, and several other domains, few high probability guarantees exist on their generalization error. In this paper, we bound the test set perplexity of two popular language models ‐ the n-gram model and class-basedn-grams ‐ using PAC-Bayesian theorems for unsupervised learning. We extend the bound to sequence clustering, wherein classes represent longer context such as phrases. The new bound is dominated by the maximum number of sequences represented by each cluster, which is polynomial in the vocabulary size. We show that we can still encourage small sample generalization by sparsifying the cluster assignment probabilities. We incorporate our bound into an efficient HMM-based sequence clustering algorithm and validate the theory with empirical results on the resource management corpus.
P a g e | 157 Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology Efficient use of MPEG-7 Color Layout and Edge Histogram Descriptors in CBIR Systems

MPEG-7 Visual Standard specifies a set of descriptors that can be used to retrieve similar images from digital photo repository. Among them, the Color Layout Descriptor (CLD) represents the spatial distribution of colors in an image. The Edge Histogram Descriptor (EHD) describes edge distribution with a histogram based on local edge distribution in an image. These two features are very powerful features for CBIR systems, especially sketch-based image retrieval. Further, combining color and texture features in CBIR systems leads to more accurate results for image retrieval. In both the Color Layout Descriptor (CLD) and the Edge Histogram Descriptor (EHD), image features like color and edge distribution can be localized in separate 4 x 4 sub-images. The visual features of each sub-image were characterized by the representative colors of the CLD as well as the edge histogram of the EHD at that sub-image using weighing factors. As most CBIR systems depend on query images and as most users of such CBIR systems are non-professional, we hope to develop a more user-friendly prototype, NWCBIR, implementing both CLD and EHD features.
The level of carbonation of a sugar-sweetened beverage preload affects satiety and short-term energy and food intakes

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with increased incidence of overweight and obesity, and a factor underlying this putative link could be the relatively low levels of satiety that may be induced by these beverages. Although many sugar-sweetened beverages are carbonated, little attention has been given to the potential effects of level of carbonation on satiety and subsequent intakes. We hypothesized that increasing the level of carbonation in a sugar-sweetened beverage would increase satiety and decrease intakes in the short term. Using a randomized, within-subject cross-over design, thirty non-obese subjects (fifteen women, fifteen men) participated on three occasions, 1 week apart. Following a standard breakfast, subjects consumed a beverage preload 10 min before consuming a lunch ad libitum. Preloads were the same sugar-sweetened beverage (400 ml, 639 kJ) with three levels of carbonation, which were low (1·7 volumes), medium (2·5 volumes) and high (3·7 volumes). Satiety was assessed using visual analogue scales and intakes were measured at the lunch and for the rest of the day. Compared with the beverage with low carbonation, consumption of the beverages with medium and high carbonation led to significantly (P < 0·05) higher satiety until lunch, when intakes of food and energy were significantly (P < 0·05) lower. There were no significant effects on satiety following lunch or on intakes for the rest of the day. This short-term study suggests that the level of carbonation may need to be taken into account when assessing potential effects of beverages on satiety and intake.
EFFECITVENESS : OPTIMAL SELLING STRATEGY FOR ONLINE AUCTION MARKET

The introduction of internet auction has significantly widened the pool of consumers who participate in auctions and increased the number of companies attempting to sell their products in an auction format. Previous empirical research on auctions has focused almost exclusively on the behavior of professional bidders. In this study, we collect data on a large number of internet auctions to explore the outcome of the auction in a real marketplace. In particular, we focus on the characteristic of seller, auction parameter and the effect of supply and demand, and examine these impacts on auction effectiveness. Key word: Electronic commerce, Auction market
Ambiguity Aversion and Auction Theory

This paper considers when the utility function of the bidders is ambiguity averse, how does the bidding strategy differ in four classical auction mechanisms. In particular, if there is no information affiliation, i.e., when first order sealed auction is equivalent to English auction in terms of bidding, bidders may bid higher or lower relative to ambiguity neutral case. From the seller’s point of view, expected revenue equivalence theorem may not hold generally. First order sealed auction may yield an higher or lower revenue relative to the second order sealed auction. Our theory explains why English auctions may not always underperform than the second order sealed auctions, even when the bidders are risk averse. JEL Classification numbers: C91,D44,D83
Space and Speed Tradeoffs in TCAM Hierarchical Packet Classification

Hierarchical packet classification is a crucial mechanism necessary to support many Internet services such as Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning, traffic policing, and network intrusion detection. Using Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs) to perform high-speed packet classification has become the de facto standard in industry. TCAMs compare packet headers against all rules in a classification database concurrently and thus provide high throughput unparalleled by software-based solutions. However, the complexity of packet classification policies have been growing rapidly as number of services deployed on the Internet continues to increase. High TCAM memory requirement for complex hierarchical policies is a major issue as TCAMs have very limited capacity. In this paper we consider two optimization problems of dual nature: the first problem is to minimize the number of TCAM entries subject to the constraint on the maximum number of levels in the policy hierarchy; the second problem is to minimize the number of levels in the policy hierarchy subject to the constraint on the maximum number of TCAM entries. We propose efficient dynamic programming algorithms for these problems, which reduce the TCAM memory requirement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to study the fundamental tradeoff between the TCAM space and the number of lookups for hierarchical packet classification. Our algorithms do not require any modifications to existing TCAMs and are thus relatively easy to deploy.
Warped Tachyonic Inflation in Type IIB Flux Compactifications and the Open-String Completeness Conjecture

We consider a cosmological scenario within the KKLT framework for moduli stabilization in string theory. The universal open string tachyon of decaying non-BPS D-brane configurations is proposed to drive eternal topological inflation. Flux-induced `warping' can provide the small slow-roll parameters needed for successful inflation. Constraints on the parameter space leading to sufficient number of e-folds, exit from inflation, density perturbations and stabilization of the Kahler modulus are investigated. The conditions are difficult to satisfy in Klebanov-Strassler throats but can be satisfied in T3 fibrations and other generic Calabi-Yau manifolds. This requires large volume and magnetic fluxes on the D-brane. The end of inflation may or may not lead to cosmic strings depending on the original non-BPS configuration. A careful investigation of initial conditions leading to a phenomenologically viable model for inflation is carried out. The initial conditions are chosen on the basis of Sen's open string completeness conjecture. We find time symmetrical bounce solutions without initial singularities for k = 1 FRW models which are correlated with an inflationary period. Singular big-bang/big-crunch solutions also exist but do not lead to inflation. There is an intriguing correlation between having an inflationary universe in 4 dimensions and 6 compact dimensions or a big-crunch singularity and decompactification.
FLOMA: Statistical fault localization for mobile embedded system

Mobile applications are becoming more and more popular with the prevalence of mobile operating system and mobile Internet. However, the bugs in the mobile application not only results from buggy code but also from unreliable context providers. In this paper, we proposed a statistical fault localization framework targeting at the bugs in the mobile application, especially the buggy context provider faults. And we further propose a fault tolerant design to make the mobile application immune to buggy context provider bugs. Our experiment shows our proposed technique is much more effective than existing technique to locate faults in mobile application and the fault tolerant design can effectively prevent the mobile application behave abnormally in spite of buggy context providers.
Optical Luminosities and Mass-to-Light Ratios of Nearby Galaxy Clusters

We analyze a sample of 105 clusters having virial mass homogeneously estimated and for which galaxy magnitudes are available with a well-defined high degree of completeness. In particular, we consider a subsample of 89 clusters with Bj-band galaxy magnitudes taken from the COSMOS/UKST Southern Sky Object Catalog. After suitable magnitude corrections and uniform conversions to Bj band, we compute cluster luminosities L within several clustercentric distances, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 h-1 Mpc and within the virialization radius Rvir. In particular, we use the luminosity function and background counts estimated by Lumsden et al. on the Edinburgh/Durham Southern Galaxy Catalog, which is the well-calibrated part of the COSMOS catalog. We analyze the effect of several uncertainties connected to photometric data, fore/background removal, and extrapolation below the completeness limit of the photometry, in order to assess the robustness of our cluster luminosity estimates. We draw our results on the relations between luminosity and dynamical quantities from the COSMOS sample by considering mass and luminosities determined within the virialization radius. We find a very good correlation between cluster luminosity, L, and galaxy velocity dispersion, σv, with L ∝ σ. Our estimate of the typical value for the mass-to-light ratio is M/L ~ 250 h M☉/L☉. We do not find any correlation of M/L with cluster morphologies, i.e., Rood-Sastry and Bautz-Morgan types, and only a weak significant correlation with cluster richness. We find that mass has a slight, but significant, tendency to increase faster than the luminosity does, M ∝ L. We verify the robustness of this relation against a number of possible systematics. We verify that this increasing trend of M/L with cluster mass cannot be entirely due to a higher spiral fraction in poorer clusters, thus suggesting that a similar result would also be found by using R-band galaxy magnitudes.
High-Precision Performance Estimation of Dynamic Dataflow Programs

An important challenge for a dataflow designer is to efficiently explore the design space in order to find a set of configurations that satisfy the defined objective function. The exploration directions may involve the partitioning, scheduling and buffer dimensioning, and all together should drive the designer to maximally benefit from the potential parallelism of an application. Successful exploration can be strongly facilitated by means of performance estimation. This paper presents a tool that allows a high-precision estimation of a program execution on a given platform, when various sets of configurations can be applied. It demonstrates which information related to the multi-core program execution can be extracted and successfully used to drive the optimization procedures. The experimental results are confirmed by an actual execution on different types of platforms.
Multidimensional Data Analysis of Location Based Social Network

Long range interpersonal communication benefits gather data on clients' social contacts, make an expansive interrelated informal organization, and open to clients how they are connected to others in the system. The basic of an OSN contains of customized client profiles, which for the most part encase interests (e.g. bought in intrigue gatherings), perceiving data (e.g. name and photograph), and individual contacts (e.g. rundown of connected clients, alleged "companions"). The ability to accumulate and inspect such information conveys particular chances to perceive the central belief systems of interpersonal organizations, their creation, movement and attributes. These sorts of informal communities are classified to be specific scholarly, general and area based interpersonal organizations. In this paper, we concentrated on the area based interpersonal organizations. Here, we investigations the diverse kinds of information that utilizations in area based interpersonal organizations and furthermore examine the effect of online datasets on neighborhood based interpersonal organization.