Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Bipolar Disorder Assessment Using Machine Learning With Smartphone-Based Digital Phenotyping

Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most common mental illnesses worldwide. In this study, a smartphone application was developed to collect digital phenotyping data of users, and an ensemble method combining the results from a model pool was established through heterogeneous digital phenotyping. The aim was to predict the severity of bipolar symptoms by using two clinician-administered scales, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The collected digital phenotype data included the user’s location information (GPS), self-report scales, daily mood, sleep patterns, and multimedia records (text, speech, and video). Each category of digital phenotype data was used for training models and predicting the rating scale scores (HAM-D and YMRS). Seven models were tested and compared, and different combinations of feature types were used to evaluate the performance of heterogeneous data. To address missing data, an ensemble approach was employed to increase flexibility in rating scale score prediction. This study collected heterogeneous digital phenotype data from 84 individuals with BD and 11 healthy controls. Five-fold cross-validation was employed for evaluation. The experimental results revealed that the Lasso and ElasticNet regression models were the most effective in predicting rating scale scores, and heterogeneous data performed better than homogeneous data, with a mean absolute error of 1.36 and 0.55 for HAM-D and YMRS, respectively; this margin of error meets medical requirements.
MRCK as a Potential Target for Claudin-Low Subtype of Breast Cancer

To find new molecular targets for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), we analyzed a large-scale drug screening dataset based on breast cancer subtypes. We discovered that BDP-9066, a specific MRCK inhibitor (MRCKi), may be an effective drug against TNBC. After confirming the efficacy and specificity of BDP-9066 against TNBC in vitro and in vivo, we further analyzed the underlying mechanism of specific activity of BDP-9066 against TNBC. Comparing the transcriptome of BDP-9066-sensitive and -resistant cells, the activation of the focal adhesion and YAP/TAZ pathway were found to play an important role in the sensitive cells. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ is indeed repressed by BDP-9066 in the sensitive cells, and active form of YAP suppresses the effects of BDP-9066. YAP/TAZ expression and activity are high in TNBC, especially the Claudin-low subtype, consistent with the expression of focal adhesion-related genes. Interestingly, NF-κB functions downstream of YAP/TAZ in TNBC cells and is suppressed by BDP-9066. Furthermore, the PI3 kinase pathway adversely affected the effects of BDP-9066 and that alpelisib, a PI3 kinase inhibitor, synergistically increased the effects of BDP-9066, in PIK3CA mutant TNBC cells. Taken together, we have shown for the first time that MRCKi can be new drugs against TNBC, particularly the Claudin-low subtype.
17. LOWER JARAMILLO POLARITY TRANSITION RECORDS FROM THE EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC AND INDIAN OCEANS

Two records of the geomagnetic polarity transition at the beginning of the Jaramillo Subchron (0.97 Ma) have been obtained from sediments in the equatorial Atlantic (Leg 108, Site 665; 2.95°N, 340.33°E) and Indian (Leg 121, Site 758; 5.38°N, 90.35°E) oceans. Both cores yielded high-quality magnetostratigraphic results; however, the relatively low sedimentation rates, the weak magnetizations, and complex demagnetization behavior of some transitional samples suggest that the record of the transitional field behavior may be less reliable. In addition, variations in grain size preclude reliable paleointensity determinations although the remanence in both cores is apparently dominated by magnetite. Despite these possible complications, the two cores yield transitional paths that are neither far-sided nor near-sided. Together with published records that meet minimum reliability standards, the two equatorial records presented here suggest that the lower Jaramillo transitional field morphology was significantly nonaxisymmetric. The mean normal and reversed inclinations from both cores deviate from the inclination expected from a geocentric axial dipole, as noted in virtually all marine sediment cores. The observed inclinations provide further support for a polarity-dependent nondipole contribution to the time-averaged field.
Understanding Coke Deposition Vis-à-Vis DRM Activity over Magnesia-Alumina Supported Ni-Fe, Ni-Co, Ni-Ce, and Ni-Sr Catalysts

The catalytic conversion of CH4 and CO2 into H2-rich syngas is known as the dry reforming of methane (DRM). The dissociation of CH4 over active sites, coupled with the oxidation or polymerization of CH4−x (x = 1–4), plays a crucial role in determining in determining the DRM product yield and coke deposition. Herein, a series of bimetallic-supported catalysts are prepared by the dispersion of Ni-M (M = Ce, Co, Fe, and Sr) over 60 wt% MgO-40 wt% Al2O3 (60Mg40Al) support. Catalysts are tested for DRM and characterized with XRD, surface area and porosity, temperature-programmed reduction/desorption, UV−VIS−Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. 2.5Ni2. 5Sr/60Mg40Al and 2.5Ni2. 5Fe/60Mg40Al, and 2.5Ni2. 5Ce/60Mg40Al and 2.5Ni2. 5Co/60Mg40Al have similar CO2 interaction profiles. The 2.5Ni2. 5Sr/60Mg40Al catalyst nurtures inert-type coke, whereas 2.5Ni2. 5Fe/60Mg40Al accelerates the deposition of huge coke, which results in catalytic inferiority. The higher activity over 2.5Ni2. 5Ce/60Mg40Al is due to the instant lattice oxygen-endowing capacity for oxidizing coke. Retaining a high DRM activity (54% H2-yield) up to 24 h even against a huge coke deposition (weight loss 46%) over 2.5Ni2. 5Co/60Mg40Al is due to the timely diffusion of coke far from the active sites or the mounting of active sites over the carbon nanotube.
Structured-Glass Waveguides (SGW) and TRL Calibration Standards

In this work, W-band waveguide channels are characterized for the first time in structured-glass waveguide technology to demonstrate the technology’s low-loss capabilities, while at the same time, TRL calibration standards are developed to coincide with the waveguide characterization for expression of highly accurate measured results. Both the waveguides and calibration standards are realized using three glass wafers in a double H-plane split format with near-vertical laser-induced structured-glass sidewalls. The measured insertion loss per unit length is determined to be in the range of 0.0109 to 0.0230 dB/mm and remain stable over the 75 to 110 GHz range with a return loss that is better than 20 dB. This work represents excellent attenuation measurements (dB/mm) and marks the first characterizations of SWG lines and calibration standards in order to promote further investigations for use in future millimetre and sub-millimetre wave applications.
Performance Quantization and Comparative Assessment of Voltage Equalizers in Mismatched Photovoltaic Differential Power Processing Systems

Voltage equalizers (VEs) are essential for partially shaded photovoltaic (PV) modules by equalizing the voltage of PV modules and preventing anti-paralleled diodes from bypassing the shaded PV modules, resulting in improved power yield under partial shading conditions (PSCs). Recently, different topologies for VEs have been discussed based on the distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) principle at the module level. Considering that the power flow distribution, operation modes, and actual performance of these VEs show distinct differences, it becomes increasingly important for the performance quantification and comparative assessment of various topologies both theoretically and experimentally. Here, three typical differential-power-processing-based VEs are selected, including series-resonant-voltage-multiplier (SRVM), flyback-based PV-to-IP (Flyback-PV-IP), and flyback-based PV-to-Bus (Flyback-PV-Bus). Key performance indexes for VEs have been defined, including the processed power, power losses, and overall system efficiency. To quantify the performance of different topologies of VEs, an algorithm is developed in MATLAB with daily irradiation and temperature under various PSCs. Moreover, three experimental prototypes for the selected topologies have been built and main tests under different mismatching conditions have been conducted. With a systematic performance quantification and a fair comparison of typical VEs, this article will propose a systematic evaluation method for VE schemes. Meanwhile, the optimal VE topology with its control for typical PSC cases will be identified.
Strategic positioning and is it a useful construct in improving performance of microfinance institutions in Kenya

This paper aims to examine the effect of strategic leadership, resource allocation, information technology, customer focus, and differentiation on the performance of microfinance institutions in Nairobi City County. The study was founded on a resource-based view, dynamic capability and life-cycle theories. A target of 300 employees was targeted from which a sample of 172 research participants was recruited. The sample was selected through a combination of both stratified and sampling techniques. Questionnaires were used for primary data collection. Analysis used both descriptive and multiple regression analyses. The findings of the study indicated the urgency for microfinance organizations to adopt growth strategies that encompass innovative digital advancements, the introduction of novel products, innovation-focused strategies, and the digitization of services. The findings further highlighted the pivotal roles played by strategic positioning, strategic leadership, information technology integration, and differentiation in significantly shaping microfinance institutions’ performance. The findings also indicated that a unit enhancement of strategic positioning indicator had a significant enhancement on their individual performance. However, the effect of customer focus and resource allocation did not exhibit the same level of significance. The study recommended the reinforcement of strategic positioning, optimized resource allocation, embracing technological integration, and an unwavering focus on customer needs. The study recommended the exploration of diverse leadership styles, resource allocation strategies, and the undertaking of comparative analyses to draw insights into the effects of these factors on microfinance institutions.
The Journal of Positive Psychology : Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice

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Benchmarking GPUs on SVBRDF Extractor Model

With the maturity of deep learning, its use is emerging in every field. Also, as different types of GPUs are becoming more available in the markets, it creates a difficult decision for users. How can users select GPUs to achieve optimal performance for a specific task? Analysis of GPU architecture is well studied, but existing works that benchmark GPUs do not study tasks for networks with significantly larger input. In this work, we tried to differentiate the performance of different GPUs on neural network models that operate on bigger input images (256x256).
What's In My Big Data?

Large text corpora are the backbone of language models. However, we have a limited understanding of the content of these corpora, including general statistics, quality, social factors, and inclusion of evaluation data (contamination). In this work, we propose What's In My Big Data? (WIMBD), a platform and a set of sixteen analyses that allow us to reveal and compare the contents of large text corpora. WIMBD builds on two basic capabilities -- count and search -- at scale, which allows us to analyze more than 35 terabytes on a standard compute node. We apply WIMBD to ten different corpora used to train popular language models, including C4, The Pile, and RedPajama. Our analysis uncovers several surprising and previously undocumented findings about these corpora, including the high prevalence of duplicate, synthetic, and low-quality content, personally identifiable information, toxic language, and benchmark contamination. For instance, we find that about 50% of the documents in RedPajama and LAION-2B-en are duplicates. In addition, several datasets used for benchmarking models trained on such corpora are contaminated with respect to important benchmarks, including the Winograd Schema Challenge and parts of GLUE and SuperGLUE. We open-source WIMBD's code and artifacts to provide a standard set of evaluations for new text-based corpora and to encourage more analyses and transparency around them.
Simulation and Validation of INSAT-3D sounder data at NCMRWF

India's advanced weather satellite, INSAT-3D, the first geostationary sounder system over Indian Ocean, was launched (located at 83°E) on 26 July 2013, for the improved understanding of mesoscale systems. INSAT-3D carries a 6 channel imager and 19 channel sounder payload. Along with other polar satellite soundings, INSAT-3D provides fine resolution vertical profiles over India and surrounding region. National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) routinely receives near-real time soundings from polar orbiting satellites, and recently started receiving INSAT3D sounder and imager data. Simulation of INSAT-3D sounder Brightness Temperature (BT) using Radiative Transfer models and Numerical Weather prediction models has been done at NCMRWF during the North Indian Ocean Cyclone (NIOC) period of 2013. BTs during four different cyclones, viz., Phailin, Helen, Lehar and Madi are simulated and validated against the observed BTs. The RT model used to simulate the BT is Radiative Transfer for TOVS (RTTOV) version-9 and the NWP model used is Direct Broadcast CIMSS Regional Assimilation System (dbCRAS). Clear sky condition is assumed during RTTOV simulation, though the cloudy pixels are not removed, since the cloud information is not available in the then dataset. RT model simulated sounder BT of three channels (12.66 µ, 12.02µ and 11.03 µ) and DbCRAS simulated 11 µ BTs are compared with the corresponding INSAT-3D sounder BTs. Bias in RT model simulated BT is less for the window channel 11µ compared to the other two 12 µ channels, and this is mainly because of the window channel is not conducive to moisture and can be used for moisture correction in other channels. Observed BT showed fast bias with respect to the RT simulated BT for the 12 µ channels, whereas slow bias for the window channel in all the cyclone cases. The biases and standard deviations were higher for the cyclone Phailin with respect to the RT simulated BTs. Validation of INSAT-3D window channel BT with respect to dbCRAS simulated 11 µ showed slow bias and the standard deviation was maximum for Phailin.
Synthetic dimensions for topological and quantum phases: Perspective

In this Perspective article we report on recent progress on studies of synthetic dimensions, mostly, but not only, based on the research realized around the Barcelona groups (ICFO, UAB), Donostia (DIPC), Pozna\'n (UAM), Krak\'ow (UJ), and Allahabad (HRI). The concept of synthetic dimensions works particularly well in atomic physics, quantum optics, and photonics, where the internal degrees of freedom (Zeeman sublevels of the ground state, metastable excited states, or motional states for atoms, and angular momentum states or transverse modes for photons) provide the synthetic space. We describe our attempts to design quantum simulators with synthetic dimensions, to mimic curved spaces, artificial gauge fields, lattice gauge theories, twistronics, quantum random walks, and more.
Chapter 1 Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and 2 D-DIGE

Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) continues to be one of the most versatile and widely used techniques to study the proteome of a biological system. In particular, a modified version of 2D-PAGE, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), which uses differential labeling of protein samples with up to three fluorescent tags, offers greater sensitivity and reproducibility over conventional 2D-PAGE gels for differential quantitative analysis of protein expression between experimental groups. Both these methods have distinct advantages in the separation and identification of thousands of individual proteins species including protein isoforms and post-translational modifications. This review will discuss the principles of 2D-PAGE and 2D-DIGE including limitations to the methods. 2D-PAGE and 2D-DIGE continue to be popular methods in bioprocessing-related research (particularly on recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells), which will also be discussed in the review chapter.
Intelligent Breast Cancer Diagnosis with Heuristic-assisted Trans-Res-U-Net and Multiscale DenseNet using Mammogram Images

Breast cancer (BC) significantly contributes to cancer-related mortality in women, underscoring the criticality of early detection for optimal patient outcomes. A mammography is a key tool for identifying and diagnosing breast abnormalities; however, accurately distinguishing malignant mass lesions remains challenging. To address this issue, we propose a novel deep learning approach for BC screening utilizing mammography images. Our proposed model comprises three distinct stages: data collection from established benchmark sources, image segmentation employing an Atrous Convolution-based Attentive and Adaptive Trans-Res-UNet (ACA-ATRUNet) architecture, and BC identification via an Atrous Convolution-based Attentive and Adaptive Multi-scale DenseNet (ACA-AMDN) model. The hyperparameters within the ACA-ATRUNet and ACA-AMDN models are optimised using the Modified Mussel Length-based Eurasian Oystercatcher Optimization (MML-EOO) algorithm. Performance evaluation, leveraging multiple metrics, is conducted, and a comparative analysis against conventional methods is presented. Our experimental findings reveal that the proposed BC detection framework attains superior precision rates in early disease detection, demonstrating its potential to enhance mammography-based screening methodologies.
On the entropy of a stealth vector-tensor black hole

We apply Wald's formalism to a Lagrangian within generalised Proca gravity that admits a Schwarzschild black hole with a non-trivial vector field. The resulting entropy differs from that of the same black hole in General Relativity by a logarithmic correction modulated by the only independent charge of the vector field. We find conditions on this charge to guarantee that the entropy is a non-decreasing function of the black hole area, as is the case in GR. If this requirement is extended to black hole mergers, we find that for Planck scale black holes, a non-decreasing entropy is possible only if the area of the final black hole is several times larger than the initial total area of the merger. Finally, we discuss some implications of the vector Galileon entropy from the point of view of entropic gravity.
Probabilistic models of text and images

Managing large and growing collections of information is a central goal of modern computer science. Data repositories of texts, images, sounds, and genetic information have become widely accessible, thus necessitating good methods of retrieval, organization, and exploration. In this thesis, we describe a suite of probabilistic models of information collections for which the above problems can be cast as statistical queries. We use directed graphical models as a flexible, modular framework for describing appropriate modeling assumptions about the data. Fast approximate posterior inference algorithms based on variational methods free us from having to specify tractable models, and further allow us to take the Bayesian perspective, even in the face of large datasets. With this framework in hand, we describe latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a graphical model particularly suited to analyzing text collections. LDA posits a finite index of hidden topics which describe the underlying documents. New documents are situated into the collection via approximate posterior inference of their associated index terms. Extensions to LDA can index a set of images, or multimedia collections of interrelated text and images. Finally, we describe nonparametric Bayesian methods for relaxing the assumption of a fixed number of topics, and develop models based on the natural assumption that the size of the index can grow with the collection. This idea is extended to trees, and to models which represent the hidden structure and content of a topic hierarchy that underlies a collection.
Supporting early-stage ubicomp experimentation

The thesis of this dissertation is that tools and techniques that leverage pre-existing infrastructures, human operators, and the increasing power of mobile devices can improve innovation, development, and evaluation of ubicomp applications. Specifically, we can encourage innovation by developing methods and tools that support situated needfinding; facilitate prototyping by developing tools and methods that eliminate the need to write code by using human operators and simple, rule-based systems; and reduce the burden of evaluations by minimizing infrastructure deployment, capturing and encouraging feedback from critical events, and using devices and interfaces with which participants are already comfortable. In this thesis, we describe fieldwork that led to a set of core challenges for ubicomp experimentation. From this fieldwork we derive a set of requirements to support early-stage ubicomp experimentation. We then describe the iterative development of a system we built based on the requirements, Momento.
Eating disorder symptomatology among Alaska Native/American Indian and caucasian female university students in the extreme North

The purpose of this study was to explore differences in eating disorder symptomatology among a matched sample of 100 Alaska Native/American Indian and Caucasian female university students, using a demographic instrument and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT26). Four (8.0%) Native participants and ten (20.0%) Caucasian participants met or exceeded the EAT-26 cutoff score indicative of clinically significant eating disorder symptomatology. There were no significant differences found among the Native and Caucasian participants with regard to eating disorder symptomatology. Rather, eating disorder symptomatology was present in both Native and Caucasian female college students at rates similar to that of previous studies.