Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Genomic Regions Identified for Resistance to Spot Blotch and Terminal Heat Stress in an Interspecific Population of Triticum aestivum and T. spelta

Wheat is one of the most widely grown and consumed food crops in the world. Spot blotch and terminal heat stress are the two significant constraints mainly in the Indo–Gangetic plains of South Asia. The study was undertaken using 185 recombinant lines (RILs) derived from the interspecific hybridization of ‘Triticum aestivum (HUW234) × T. spelta (H+26)’ to reveal genomic regions associated with tolerance to combined stress to spot blotch and terminal heat. Different physiological (NDVI, canopy temperature, leaf chlorophyll) and grain traits (TGW, grain size) were observed under stressed (spot blotch, terminal heat) and non-stressed environments. The mean maturity duration of RILs under combined stress was reduced by 12 days, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was 46.03%. Similarly, the grain size was depleted under combined stress by 32.23% and thousand kernel weight (TKW) by 27.56% due to spot blotch and terminal heat stress, respectively. The genetic analysis using 6734 SNP markers identified 37 significant loci for the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and NDVI. The genome-wide functional annotation of the SNP markers revealed gene functions such as plant chitinases, NB-ARC and NBS-LRR, and the peroxidase superfamily Cytochrome P450 have a positive role in the resistance through a hypersensitive response. Zinc finger domains, cysteine protease coding gene, F-box protein, ubiquitin, and associated proteins, play a substantial role in the combined stress of spot blotch and terminal heat in bread wheat, according to genomic domains ascribed to them. The study also highlights T. speltoides as a source of resistance to spot blotch and terminal heat tolerance.
Fermionic Lensing in Smooth Graphene P-N Junctions

Focusing of electron waves in graphene p-n junctions is a striking manifestation of fermionic negative refraction. We analyze lensing in smooth p-n junctions and find that it differs in several interesting ways from that in the previously studied sharp p-n junctions. Most importantly, while the overall negative-refraction behavior remains unchanged, the image at the focal point undergoes additional broadening due to Klein tunneling in the junction. We develop a theory of image broadening and estimate the effect for practically interesting system parameter values.
A first view with GAIA on KIC 8462852 - distance estimates and a comparison to other F stars

Distance estimates from Gaia parallax and expected luminosities are compared for KIC 8462852. Gaia DR1 yields a parallax of $2.55\pm0.31$mas, that is a distance of $391.4\substack{+53.6 \\ -42.0}$pc, or $391.4\substack{+122.1 \\ -75.2}$pc including systematic uncertainty. The distance estimate based on the absolute magnitude of an F3V star and measured reddening is $\sim454\pm35$pc. Both estimates agree within $<1\sigma$, which only excludes some of the most extreme theorized scenarios for KIC 8462852. Future Gaia data releases will determine the distance to within 1% and thus allow for the determination a precise absolute luminosity.
Quantum Snake Walk on Graphs

I introduce a continuous-time quantum walk on graphs called the quantum snake walk, the basis states of which are fixed-length paths (snakes) in the underlying graph. First, I analyze the quantum snake walk on the line, and I show that, even though most states stay localized throughout the evolution, there are specific states that most likely move on the line as wave packets with momentum inversely proportional to the length of the snake. Next, I discuss how an algorithm based on the quantum snake walk might potentially be able to solve an extended version of the glued trees problem, which asks to find a path connecting both roots of the glued trees graph. To the best of my knowledge, no efficient quantum algorithm solving this problem is known yet.
Photoacoustic generation by a gold nanosphere: From linear to nonlinear thermoelastics in the long-pulse illumination regime

We investigate theoretically the photoacoustic generation by a gold nanosphere in water in the thermoelastic regime. Specifically, we consider the long-pulse illumination regime, in which the time for electron-phonon thermalization can be neglected and photoacoustic wave generation arises solely from the thermoelastic stress caused by the temperature increase of the nanosphere or its liquid environment. Photoacoustic signals are predicted based on the successive resolution of a thermal diffusion problem and a thermoelastic problem, taking into account the finite size of the gold nanosphere, thermoelastic and elastic properties of both water and gold, and the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient of water. For sufficiently high illumination fluences, this temperature dependence yields a nonlinear relationship between the photoacoustic amplitude and the fluence. For nanosecond pulses in the linear regime, we show that more than $90%$ of the emitted photoacoustic energy is generated in water, and the thickness of the generating layer around the particle scales close to the square root of the pulse duration. The amplitude of the photoacoustic wave in the linear regime is accurately predicted by the point-absorber model introduced by Calasso et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3550 (2001)], but our results demonstrate that this model significantly overestimates the amplitude of photoacoustic waves in the nonlinear regime. We therefore provide quantitative estimates of a critical energy, defined as the absorbed energy required such that the nonlinear contribution is equal to that of the linear contribution. Our results suggest that the critical energy scales as the volume of water over which heat diffuses during the illumination pulse. Moreover, thermal nonlinearity is shown to be expected only for sufficiently high ultrasound frequency. Finally, we show that the relationship between the photoacoustic amplitude and the equilibrium temperature at sufficiently high fluence reflects the thermal diffusion at the nanoscale around the gold nanosphere.
Building moderate attitude and intercultural competence in literature classes: Teachers’ experience at higher education institutions

Foreign language teaching is a medium to raise students’ inter-cultural understanding, awareness, and sensitivity important for establishing tolerant mindset in multi-ethnic community. However, the use of literary works in foreign language teaching, for example TESOL, which could elevate intercultural competence since they promote respect and appreciation, is almost unexplored. This paper examined to which extent the values of moderation are presented during the teaching of literature and explicated in the curriculum, as well as the course outline of literary courses in three participating Indonesian Islamic Universities. This case study research collected data through a semi-structured interview with three lecturers English Literature Department, Walian University (pseudonym) administered under Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs and were analysed through critical exploratory lens. The results demonstrate that lecturers face complex issues regarding the incorporation and promotion of moderation values during the teaching of literature. Yet, the curriculum, on the other hand, has not embedded those values but are manifested in the teaching and learning process from the selection of teaching materials or learning activities. The lecturers remain the main actors in uplifting the introduction of moderate attitude during the teaching of literature.
Predicted field-dependent increase of critical currents in asymmetric superconducting nanocircuits

The critical current of a thin superconducting strip of width $W$ much larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length $\xi$ but much smaller than the Pearl length $\Lambda = 2 \lambda^2/d$ is maximized when the strip is straight with defect-free edges. When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied to a long straight strip, the critical current initially decreases linearly with $H$ but then decreases more slowly with $H$ when vortices or antivortices are forced into the strip. However, in a superconducting strip containing sharp 90-degree or 180-degree turns, the zero-field critical current at H=0 is reduced because vortices or antivortices are preferentially nucleated at the inner corners of the turns, where current crowding occurs. Using both analytic London-model calculations and time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations, we predict that in such asymmetric strips the resulting critical current can be {\it increased} by applying a perpendicular magnetic field that induces a current-density contribution opposing the applied current density at the inner corners. This effect should apply to all turns that bend in the same direction.
Effects of electron correlation, electron-phonon coupling, and spin-orbit coupling on the isovalent Pd-substituted superconductor SrPt 3 P

We present a systematical study on the roles of interactions among electron correlation, electron-phonon coupling, and spin-orbit coupling in the isovalent Pd-substituted superconductor SrPt3P. By using the solid state reaction method, the Pd element with the 4d orbital was successfully substituted in the strong spin-orbit coupling superconductors Sr(Pt1-xPdx)(3)P. As increasing the isovalent Pd concentrations without introducing any extra electron/hole carriers, the superconducting transition temperature T-c decreases monotonously. In addition, combining the data of resistivity and specific heat, as well as electronic band structure calculations, we found that the electron correlation is enhanced while the electron-phonon coupling and the spin-orbit coupling are suppressed by Pd substitution. Our results may provide significant insights in the natures of the interplay among the electron correlation, electron-phonon coupling, and spin-orbit coupling in superconductivity, and may also pave a route for understanding the mechanism of superconductivity in heavily 5d-based superconductors.
The physical and compositional properties of dust: what do we really know?

Many things in current interstellar dust studies are taken as well understood givens by much of the community. For example, it is widely held that interstellar dust is made up of only three components, i.e., astronomical silicates, graphite and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and that our understanding of these is now complete and sufficient enough to interpret astronomical observations of dust in galaxies. To zeroth order this is a reasonable approximation. However, while these three pillars of dust modelling have been useful in advancing our understanding over the last few decades, it is now apparent that they are insufficient to explain the observed evolution of the dust properties from one region to another. Thus, it is time to abandon the three pillars approach and to seek more physically-realistic interstellar dust analogues. The analy- sis of the pre-solar grains extracted from meteorites, interplanetary dust particles and from the Stardust mission, and the interpretation of x-ray scattering and absorption observations, supports the view that our current view of the interstellar dust composition(s) is indeed too naive. The aim of this review is to point out where our current views are rather secure and, perhaps more importantly, where they are far from secure and we must re-think our ideas. To this aim ten as- pects of interstellar dust will be scrutinised and re-evaluated in terms of their validity within the current observational, experimental, modelling and theoretical constraints. It is concluded from this analysis that we really do need to re-assess many of the fundamental assumptions relating to what we think we really do know about interstellar dust. In particular, it is clear that unravelling the nature dust evolution in the interstellar medium is perhaps the key to significantly advancing our current understanding of interstellar dust.
Annihilation of domain walls in a ferromagnetic wire

We study the annihilation of topological solitons in the simplest setting: a one-dimensional ferromagnet with an easy axis. We develop an effective theory of the annihilation process in terms of four collective coordinates: two zero modes of the translational and rotational symmetries $Z$ and $\Phi$, representing the average position and azimuthal angle of the two solitons, and two conserved momenta $\zeta$ and $\varphi$, representing the relative distance and twist. Comparison with micromagnetic simulations shows that our approach captures well the essential physics of the process.
Massive galaxies with very young AGN

Abstract Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) radio galaxies are generally thought to be the young counterparts of classical extended radio sources and live in massive ellipticals. GPS sources are vital for studying the early evolution of radio-loud AGN, the trigger of their nuclear activity, and the importance of feedback in galaxy evolution. We study the Parkes half-Jansky sample of GPS radio galaxies of which now all host galaxies have been identified and 80% has their redshifts determined (0.122 < z < 1.539). Analysis of the absolute magnitudes of the GPS host galaxies show that at z > 1 they are on average a magnitude fainter than classical 3C radio galaxies. This suggests that the AGN in young radio galaxies have not yet much influenced the overall properties of the host galaxy. However their restframe UV luminosities indicate that there is a low level of excess as compared to passive evolution models.
Near-infrared spectroscopy of 20 new Chandra sources in the Norma arm

We report on CTIO/NEWFIRM and CTIO/OSIRIS photometric and spectroscopic observations of 20 new X-ray (0.5–10 keV) emitters discovered in the Norma arm Region Chandra Survey (NARCS). NEWFIRM photometry was obtained to pinpoint the nearinfrared counterparts of NARCS sources, while OSIRIS spectroscopy was used to help identify 20 sources with possible high mass X-ray binary properties. We find that (1) two sources are WN8 Wolf-Rayet stars, maybe in colliding wind binaries, part of the massive star cluster Mercer 81; (2) two are emission-line stars, possibly in X-ray binaries, that exhibit near- and mid-infrared excesses either due to free-free emission from the decretion discs of Be stars or warm dust in the stellar winds of peculiar massive stars such as B[e] supergiants or luminous blue variables; (3) one is a B8-A3 IV-V star that could be in a quiescent high mass X-ray binary system; (4) two are cataclysmic variables including one intermediate polar; (5) three may be neutron star symbiotic binaries; (6) five are most likely white dwarf symbiotic binaries; and (7) five exhibit properties more consistent with isolated giant/dwarf stars. The possible detection of one to three high mass X-ray binaries is in good agreement with our predictions. However, our study illustrates the difficulty of clearly differentiating quiescent or intermediate X-ray luminosity systems from isolated massive stars, which may lead to an underestimation of the number of known high mass X-ray binaries.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT OBSERVATIONAL DATA ON THE CONSTRAINTS OF COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

The constraints on the A cold dark matter (ACDM) model from Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia) data alone and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data alone are similar, so it is worthwhile to compare their constraints on the property of dark energy. We apply the three-year Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS3) compilation of 472 SNe Ia data, the BAO measurement of distance, the cosmic microwave background radiation data from the seven-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP7) and the Hubble parameter data to study the effect of their different combinations on the fittings of cosmological parameters in the modified holographic dark energy model and the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder model. Neither BAO nor WMAP7 data alone give good constraint on the equation of state parameter of dark energy, but both WMAP7 data and BAO data help SNe Ia data break the degeneracies among the model parameters, hence tighten the constraint on the variation of equation of state parameter wa, and WMAP7 data do the job a little better. Although BAO and WMAP7 data provide reasonably good constraints on Omega(m) and Omega(k), it is not able to constrain the dynamics of dark energy. On the other hand, SNe Ia data do not provide good constraints on Omega(m) and Omega(k), but they provide good constraint on the dynamics of dark energy, especially the variation of the equation of state parameter of dark energy, so we need to combine SNe Ia with BAO and WMAP7 data to probe the property of dark energy. The addition of H(z) data helps better constrain the geometry of the Universe Omega(k) and the property of dark energy. For the SNLS SNe Ia data, the nuisance parameters alpha and beta are consistent for all different combinations of the above data, and their impacts on the fittings of cosmological parameters are minimal. By fitting the data to different models, the ACDM model is still consistent with all the observational data.
Entanglement and quantum phase transition in topological insulators

Presence of entangled states is explicitly shown in a topological insulator (TI) [Formula: see text]. The surface and bulk state are found to have different structures of entanglement. The surface states live as maximally entangled states in a four-dimensional subspace of total Hilbert space (spin, orbital, space). However, bulk states are entangled in the whole Hilbert space. Bulk states are found to be entangled maximally by controlled injection of electrons with momentum only along the [Formula: see text]-direction. At quantum phase transition (QPT) point, both states become maximally entangled two qubit states.
Gravitational microlensing as a probe of the electron-scattering region in Q2237+0305

Recent observations have provided strong evidence for the presence of an electron-scattering region (ESR) within the central regions of active galactic nuclei. This is responsible for reprocessing emission from the accretion disc into polarized radiation. The geometry of this scattering region is, however, poorly constrained. In this paper, we consider the influence of gravitational microlensing on polarized emission from the ESR in the quadruply imaged quasar, Q2237+0305, demonstrating how correlated features in the resultant light-curve variations can determine both the size and orientation of the scattering region. This signal is due to differential magnification between perpendicularly polarized views of the ESR, and is clearest for a small ESR width and a large ESR radius. Cross-correlation and autocorrelation measures appear to be independent of lens image shear and convergence parameters, making it ideal to investigate ESR features. As with many microlensing experiments, the time-scale for variability, being of order decades to centuries, is impractically long. However, with a polarization filter oriented appropriately with respect to the path that the quasar takes across the caustic structure, the ESR diameter and radius can be estimated from the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of polarized light curves on much shorter time-scales.
Sagnac interferometer-enhanced particle tracking in optical tweezers

A set-up is proposed to enhance tracking of very small particles, by using optical tweezers embedded within a Sagnac interferometer. The achievable signal-to-noise ratio is shown to be enhanced over that for standard back-focal-plane interferometry. The enhancement factor increases asymptotically as the interferometer visibility approaches 100%, but is capped at a maximum given by four times the ratio of the trapping field intensity to the detector saturation threshold. For an achievable visibility of 95%, the signal-to-noise ratio can be enhanced by a factor of up to 158 and the minimum trackable particle size is 2.3 times smaller than without the interferometer. This technique is particularly useful for optical tweezers which require counter-propagating trap beams.
Climate Hazards and Resilience in the Global Car Industry*

Climate change will increase the frequency and severity of natural disasters. I study the impact of an increase in the likelihood of weather-related disruptions on the spatial organization of firms. Using data on the global car industry and an event-study design, I document that the occurrence of a flood close to an assembly plant significantly reduces car production, which is partially reallocated to other unaffected plants of the same firm. I develop a novel quantitative multiregion model in which firms choose the location and capacity of their production plants to maximize expected profits under uncertainty about potential weather disruptions. In the model, firms have incentives to invest in production capacity in multiple locations to hedge against potential production disruptions in one of their plants. I estimate the model for the global automotive industry and use it to compute plant locations and capacity choices under different probabilities of weather disruptions according to possible climate change scenarios. In response to the heightened risk, I show that firms build additional plants, but these sites are smaller and operate with a larger spare capacity. The spatial reorganization of the firms’ plants is costly as it entails sizable productivity losses, resulting in higher consumer prices. JEL Classifications: F12, F18, F23, L23, Q54, Q56 *I am grateful to Gene Grossman, Eduardo Morales, Ezra Oberfield, and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg for their invaluable guidance, encouragement, and support. I would like to thank Allan Hsiao, Joan Monras, Stephen Redding, Catherine Thomas, and Jose P. Vásquez for detailed discussions and comments. This paper also benefited from insightful conversations with Elena Aguilar, Clare Balboni, Leah Boustan, Markus Brunnermeier, Paula Bustos, Lorenzo Caliendo, Clément de Chaisemartin, Pablo Fajgelbaum, Stefania Garetto, Elisa Giannone, Sebastian Guarda, Matthew Kahn, Benny Kleinman, Michal Kolesár, Hugo Lhuillier, Isabela Manelici, Ishan Nath, George Nikolakoudis, Michael Oppenheimer, Jacopo Ponticelli, Andrés Rodŕıguez-Clare, Richard Rogerson, Alejandro Sabal, and Felix Tintelnot, and from valuable comments of seminar participants at the LSE Junior Trade Workshop, the LSE Environment Week, and Princeton. This research benefited from the generous financial support of the International Economics Section (IES) at Princeton University. All errors are my own. Email: castro.vincenzi@princeton.edu.
Searching for star–planet interactions within the magnetosphere of HD 189733

HD 189733 is a K2 dwarf, orbited by a giant planet at 8.8 stellar radii. In order to study magnetospheric interactions between the star and the planet, we explore the large-scale magnetic field and activity of the host star. We collected spectra using the ESPaDOnS and the NARVAL spectropolarimeters, installed at the 3.6-m Canada–France–Hawaii telescope and the 2-m Telescope Bernard Lyot at Pic du Midi, during two monitoring campaigns (2007 June and 2008 July). HD 189733 has a mainly toroidal surface magnetic field, having a strength that reaches up to 40 G. The star is differentially rotating, with latitudinal angular velocity shear of dΩ= 0.146 ± 0.049 rad d−1, corresponding to equatorial and polar periods of 11.94 ± 0.16 d and 16.53 ± 2.43 d, respectively. The study of the stellar activity shows that it is modulated mainly by the stellar rotation (rather than by the orbital period or the beat period between the stellar rotation and the orbital periods). We report no clear evidence of magnetospheric interactions between the star and the planet. We also extrapolated the field in the stellar corona and calculated the planetary radio emission expected for HD 189733b, given the reconstructed field topology. The radio flux we predict in the framework of this model is time variable and potentially detectable with LOFAR.