Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene X environment interaction of vigorous exercise and body mass index among male Vietnam-era twins.

BACKGROUND Secular trends over the past several decades suggest an environmental influence on body mass index (BMI). However, twin models that incorporate a gene-environment correlation and gene x environment interaction have not been applied to elucidate specific environmental factors that affect the heritability of BMI. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine whether one putative environmental predictor of obesity, vigorous exercise, shows evidence of a gene-environment correlation or gene x environment interaction with BMI among twins. DESIGN Twin structural equation modeling was used to examine a gene-environment correlation and a gene x environment interaction of vigorous exercise with BMI among 2710 monozygotic and 2327 dizygotic male-male twin pairs from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry -- a national registry of twin pairs who served in the military during the Vietnam War era. RESULTS Vigorous exercise significantly modified the additive genetic component of BMI, which indicated a gene x environment interaction (P < 0.001). BMI showed the greatest genetic influence among those who did not report vigorous exercise, with diminished genetic influence among those who did. Furthermore, vigorous exercise had a small but significant environmental effect on BMI (P = 0.006) -- a finding confirmed among monozygotic co-twins discordant for vigorous exercise. CONCLUSIONS Genetic influences on BMI are lower among those who report vigorous exercise. Consistent with an emerging literature, this suggests that vigorous exercise may mitigate some of the genetic influence on obesity. Molecular genetic studies of obesity should consider incorporating measures of behavioral and demographic factors to maximize the identification of novel obesity genes.
Evaluation de l'adoption des variétés de riz NERICA dans l'Ouest du Burkina Faso

Cet article vise a evaluer le taux d'adoption actuel et potentiel des varietes de riz NERICA (New Rice for Africa) et identifier les determinants de leur connaissance et adoption au Burkina Faso. Des enquetes ont ete menees en 2009, aupres de 300 producteurs de riz de 10 villages rizicoles de selection varietale participative. La methode de l'effet moyen du traitement (ATE) a permis de determiner un taux commun d’exposition et d’adoption des NERICA de 17% en 2008 et un taux potentiel d’adoption de 37%. Ceci montre qu’il existe un ecart d'adoption de 20% lie a la diffusion incomplete des NERICA qu'il faut combler en menant davantage d’actions de diffusion de ces varietes. Le contact avec la recherche agricole constitue le principal facteur determinant de l'exposition et de l'adoption des NERICA au Burkina Faso. --- This paper aims to assess the actual and potential adoption rate of NERICA (New Rice for Africa) rice varieties and identify the determinants of their diffusion and adoption in Burkina Faso. The surveys were conducted in 2009 among 300 rice farmers in 10 villages participating in the rice varietal selection tests. The average treatment effect (ATE) method made it possible to determine a common rate of exposure to and adoption of NERICA of 17% in 2008, and a potential adoption rate of 37%. This means that there is an adoption gap of 20% due to the incomplete diffusion of NERICA, which must be addressed by carrying out more actions to disseminate these varieties. The contact with agricultural research services is a key factor determining the awareness and adoption of NERICA in Burkina Faso.
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-responsive 1 and 4 cation channels: role in neuronal osmosensing and renal physiology

Purpose of reviewTo provide an overview of recent developments in the field of systemic osmoregulation, with attention to the brain and kidney. Recent findingsA number of pivotal observations underscore the primary importance of transient receptor potential channels in systemic osmoregulation and their involvement constitutes the focus of this review. Recent data suggest that transient receptor potential vanilloid-responsive 4 is a central sensor or effector of systemic hypotonicity, whereas an unidentified variant of transient receptor potential vanilloid-responsive 1 potentially serves an analogous role in systemic hypertonicity. SummaryMembers of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-responsive subfamily of transient receptor potential channels are likely to serve as central sensors of systemic anisotonicity.
The state of deep coral ecosystems of the United States

Disclaimer: This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses an proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication.
The Ribosome Regulates the Gtpase of the β-Subunit of the Signal Recognition Particle Receptor

Protein targeting to the membrane of the ER is regulated by three GTPases, the 54-kD subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP) and the α- and β-subunit of the SRP receptor (SR). Here, we report on the GTPase cycle of the β-subunits of the SR (SRβ). We found that SRβ binds GTP with high affinity and interacts with ribosomes in the GTP-bound state. Subsequently, the ribosome increases the GTPase activity of SRβ and thus functions as a GTPase activating protein for SRβ. Furthermore, the interaction between SRβ and the ribosome leads to a reduction in the affinity of SRβ for guanine nucleotides. We propose that SRβ regulates the interaction of SR with the ribosome and thereby allows SRα to scan membrane-bound ribosomes for the presence of SRP. Interaction between SRP and SRα then leads to release of the signal sequence from SRP and insertion into the translocon. GTP hydrolysis then results in dissociation of SR from the ribosome, and SRP from the SR.
Genetic Design of Drugs Without Side-Effects

Consider two sets of strings, ${\cal B}$ (bad genes) and ${\cal G}$ (good genes), as well as two integers $d_b$ and $d_g$ ($d_b\leq d_g$). A frequently occurring problem in computational biology (and other fields) is to find a (distinguishing) substring s of length L that distinguishes the bad strings from good strings, i.e., such that for each string $s_i\in {\cal B}$ there exists a length-L substring ti of si with $d(s, t_i)\leq d_b$ (close to bad strings), and for every substring ui of length L of every string $g_i\in {\cal G}$, $d(s, u_i)\geq d_g$ (far from good strings). We present a polynomial time approximation scheme to settle the problem; i.e., for any constant $\epsilon >0$, the algorithm finds a string s of length L such that for every $s_i\in {\cal B}$ there is a length-L substring ti of si with $d(t_i, s)\leq (1+\epsilon) d_b$, and for every substring ui of length L of every $g_i\in {\cal G}$, $d(u_i, s)\geq (1-\epsilon) d_g$ if a solution to the original pair ($d_b\leq d_g$) exists. Since the.
Involvement of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in the Biliary Excretion and Intestinal Efflux of Troglitazone Sulfate, the Major Metabolite of Troglitazone with a Cholestatic Effect

Troglitazone sulfate (TGZS) is the major metabolite of troglitazone (TGZ), an antidiabetic agent, and thought to be a cause of the cholestasis induced by TGZ. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the involvement of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in the hepatic disposition of TGZS. The basal-to-apical transport of TGZS was enhanced in organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1-expressing Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells by infection of recombinant adenovirus harboring human BCRP and mouse Bcrp cDNA. TGZS was given to wild-type and Bcrp (–/–) mice by constant infusion. Biliary excretion is the predominant elimination pathway of TGZS in wild-type mice, and the biliary excretion clearance of TGZS with regard to the hepatic concentration was reduced to 30% of the control in Bcrp (–/–) mice. However, plasma and hepatic concentrations were unchanged, suggesting induction of compensatory mechanisms in Bcrp (–/–) mice for the elimination of TGZS. Involvement of BCRP in the intestinal efflux transport of TGZS was examined using everted sacs. The mucosal efflux clearance of TGZS showed only a slight reduction (15% reduction) in Bcrp (–/–) mice. Our results suggest that BCRP plays a major role in the biliary excretion but a minor role in the intestinal transport of TGZS.
Association between statin-associated myopathy and skeletal muscle damage

Background: Many patients taking statins often complain of muscle pain and weakness. The extent to which muscle pain reflects muscle injury is unknown. Methods: We obtained biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle of 83 patients. Of the 44 patients with clinically diagnosed statin-associated myopathy, 29 were currently taking a statin, and 15 had discontinued statin therapy before the biopsy (minimal duration of discontinuation 3 weeks). We also included 19 patients who were taking statins and had no myopathy, and 20 patients who had never taken statins and had no myopathy. We classified the muscles as injured if 2% or more of the muscle fibres in a biopsy sample showed damage. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we evaluated the expression levels of candidate genes potentially related to myocyte injury. Results: Muscle injury was observed in 25 (of 44) patients with myopathy and in 1 patient without myopathy. Only 1 patient with structural injury had a circulating level of creatine phosphokinase that was elevated more than 1950 U/L (10× the upper limit of normal). Expression of ryanodine receptor 3 was significantly upregulated in patients with biopsy evidence of structural damage (1.7, standard error of the mean 0.3). Interpretation: Persistent myopathy in patients taking statins reflects structural muscle damage. A lack of elevated levels of circulating creatine phosphokinase does not rule out structural muscle injury. Upregulation of the expression of ryanodine receptor 3 is suggestive of an intracellular calcium leak.
SEQL: Category learning as progressive abstraction using structure mapping

ion using structure mapping Sven E. Kuehne (skuehne@ils.nwu.edu) Kenneth D. Forbus (forbus@ils.nwu.edu) Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University 1890 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201 USA Dedre Gentner (gentner@nwu.edu) Bryan Quinn (bquinn@nwu.edu) Department of Psychology, Northwestern University 2029 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60201 USA
Role of frizzled 7 in the regulation of convergent extension movements during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis.

Wnt signalling plays a crucial role in the control of morphogenetic movements. We describe the expression and functional analyses of frizzled 7 (Xfz7) during gastrulation in Xenopus. Low levels of Xfz7 transcripts are expressed maternally during cleavage stages; its zygotic expression strongly increases at the beginning of gastrulation and is predominantly localized to the presumptive neuroectoderm and deep cells of the involuting mesoderm. Overexpression of Xfz7 in the dorsal equatorial region affects the movements of convergent extension and delays mesodermal involution. It alters the correct localization, but not the expression, of mesodermal and neural markers. These effects can be rescued by extra-Xfz7, which is a secreted form of the receptor that also weakly inhibits convergent extension when overexpressed. This suggests that the wild-type and truncated receptors have opposing effects when coexpressed and that overexpression of Xfz7 causes an increased signalling activity. Consistent with this, Xfz7 biochemically and functionally interacts with Xwnt11. In addition, Dishevelled, but not (&bgr;)-catenin, synergizes with Xfz7 to affect convergent extension. Furthermore, overexpression of Xfz7 and Xwnt11 also affects convergent extension in activin-treated animal caps, and this can be efficiently reversed by coexpression of Cdc42(T17N), a dominant negative mutant of the small GTPase Cdc42 known as a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton. Conversely, Cdc42(G12V), a constitutively active mutant, rescues the effects of extra-Xfz7 on convergent extension in a dose-dependent manner. That both gain-of-function and loss-of-function of both frizzled and dishevelled produce the same phenotype has been well described in Drosophila tissue polarity. Therefore, our results suggest an endogenous role of Xfz7 in the regulation of convergent extension during gastrulation.
Wavelength tunable 10-GHz 3-ps pulse source using a dispersion decreasing fiber-based nonlinear optical loop mirror

We experimentally demonstrate the use of a dispersion decreasing fiber (DDF)-based nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) for the generation of wavelength tunable soliton-like pulses at a repetition rate of 10 GHz. We compress /spl sim/12-ps Gaussian pulses from an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) (followed by 125 m of DCF for preliminary linear dispersion compensation) into 3-ps pedestal-free pulses using both high-order soliton compression and nonlinear switching effects within an 8.5-km DDF-based loop mirror. The output pulses from the DDF-based NOLM show considerable pedestal reduction compared to those obtained by directly compressing the EAM seed pulses via a single passage through the DDF. Wavelength tuning of the compressed pulses over a /spl sim/15-nm bandwidth (from 1541 to 1556 nm) is demonstrated without a significant increase in pulse duration or degradation in pulse quality.
Personalized Recommendation and Interaction of Digital Media Based on Collaborative Filtering Algorithm

This article aims to explore the personalized recommendation and interaction methods of digital media based on CAD (Computer Aided Design) and RL (Reinforcement Learning). In this article, the related theories of CAD and RL are first deeply analyzed, and their potential application in personalized recommendation and interaction with digital media is discussed. Then, build a personalized recommendation model of digital media based on CAD and RL and realize accurate and personalized recommendation service by extracting the characteristics of digital media content, analyzing user behaviour data, and designing a reasonable RL algorithm. At the same time, this article also explores the optimization strategy of digital media interaction technology to improve the interactive experience between users and recommendation systems. The results show that the digital media recommendation and interaction method based on CAD and RL is significantly superior to the traditional methods in recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction. This method can capture users' interest preferences more accurately, provide personalized recommendations that are more in line with users' needs, and enhance users' experience through real-time interaction.
Policy support, norms, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico city.

OBJECTIVES We assessed attitudes and beliefs about smoke-free laws, compliance, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City. METHODS Trends and odds of change in attitudes and beliefs were analyzed across 3 representative surveys of Mexico City inhabitants: before implementation of the policy (n=800), 4 months after implementation (n=961), and 8 months after implementation (n=761). RESULTS Results indicated high and increasing support for 100% smoke-free policies, although support did not increase for smoke-free bars. Agreement that such policies improved health and reinforced rights was high before policy implementation and increased thereafter. Social unacceptability of smoking increased substantially, although 25% of nonsmokers and 50% of smokers agreed with smokers' rights to smoke in public places at the final survey wave. Secondhand smoke exposure declined generally as well as in venues covered by the law, although compliance was incomplete, especially in bars. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive smoke-free legislation in Mexico City has been relatively successful, with changes in perceptions and behavior consistent with those revealed by studies conducted in high-income countries. Normative changes may prime populations for additional tobacco control interventions.
Tub Has a Key Role in Insulin and Leptin Signaling and Action In Vivo in Hypothalamic Nuclei

Mutation of tub gene in mice induces obesity, suggesting that tub could be an important regulator of energy balance. In the current study, we investigated whether insulin, leptin, and obesity can modulate Tub in vivo in hypothalamic nuclei, and we investigated possible consequences on energy balance, neuropeptide expression, and hepatic glucose metabolism. Food intake, metabolic characteristics, signaling proteins, and neuropeptide expression were measured in response to fasting and refeeding, intracerebroventricular insulin and leptin, and Tub antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Tub tyrosine phosphorylation (Tub-p-tyr) is modulated by nutritional status. Tub is a substrate of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK) and leptin receptor (LEPR)–Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in hypothalamic nuclei. After leptin or insulin stimulation, Tub translocates to the nucleus. Inhibition of Tub expression in hypothalamus by ASO increased food intake, fasting blood glucose, and hepatic glucose output, decreased O2 consumption, and blunted the effect of insulin or leptin on proopiomelanocortin, thyroid-releasing hormone, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin expression. In hypothalamus of mice administered a high-fat diet, there is a reduction in leptin and insulin-induced Tub-p-tyr and nuclear translocation, which is reversed by reducing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression. These results indicate that Tub has a key role in the control of insulin and leptin effects on food intake, and the modulation of Tub may contribute to insulin and leptin resistance in DIO mice.
The latest evidence for possible HIV-1 curative strategies

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains a major health issue worldwide. In developed countries, antiretroviral therapy has extended its reach from treatment of people living with HIV-1 to post-exposure prophylaxis, treatment as prevention, and, more recently, pre-exposure prophylaxis. These healthcare strategies offer the epidemiological tools to curve the epidemic in rich settings and will be concomitantly implemented in developing countries. One of the remaining challenges is to identify an efficacious curative strategy. This review manuscript will focus on some of the current curative strategies aiming at providing a sterilizing or functional cure to HIV-1-positive individuals. These include the following: early treatment initiation in post-treatment controllers as a long-term HIV-1 remission strategy, latency reversal, gene editing with or without stem cell transplantation, and antibodies against either the viral envelope protein or the host integrin α4β7.
SESA: Supervised Explicit Semantic Analysis

In recent years supervised representation learning has provided state of the art or close to the state of the art results in semantic analysis tasks including ranking and information retrieval. The core idea is to learn how to embed items into a latent space such that they optimize a supervised objective in that latent space. The dimensions of the latent space have no clear semantics, and this reduces the interpretability of the system. For example, in personalization models, it is hard to explain why a particular item is ranked high for a given user profile. We propose a novel model of representation learning called Supervised Explicit Semantic Analysis (SESA) that is trained in a supervised fashion to embed items to a set of dimensions with explicit semantics. The model learns to compare two objects by representing them in this explicit space, where each dimension corresponds to a concept from a knowledge base. This work extends Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) with a supervised model for ranking problems. We apply this model to the task of Job-Profile relevance in LinkedIn in which a set of skills defines our explicit dimensions of the space. Every profile and job are encoded to this set of skills their similarity is calculated in this space. We use RNNs to embed text input into this space. In addition to interpretability, our model makes use of the web-scale collaborative skills data that is provided by users for each LinkedIn profile. Our model provides state of the art result while it remains interpretable.
Improved Catastrophic Genetic Algorithms And Its Application In Reactive Power Optimization

This paper presents an Improved Catastrophic Genetic Algorithm (ICGA) for optimal reactive power optimization. Firstly, a new catastrophic operator to enhance the genetic algorithms’ convergence stability is proposed. Then, a new probability algorithm of crossover depending on the number of generations, and a new probability algorithm of mutation depending on the fitness value are designed to solving the main conflict of the convergent speed with the global astringency. In these ways, the ICGA can prevent premature convergence and instability of genetic-catastrophic algorithms (GCA). Finally, the ICGA is applied for power system reactive power optimization and evaluated on the IEEE 14-bus power system, and the application results show that the proposed method is suitable for reactive power optimization in power system.
Sliding mode torque control of an induction motor for automotive application with sliding mode flux observer

In this paper, the performance of two control systems of induction motors for automotive applications were compared in order to highlight the differences in terms of response speed, robustness and noise immunity. The first system is realized through a field-oriented control with PI controllers, while the second system is realized through a field-oriented control with Sliding Mode Controllers. Both controls are designed to follow the torque references as required for the vehicles and are tested with typical load profiles of vehicles. It also designed a sliding mode observer flux.