Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical heat and fluid-flow modeling of the Panorama volcanic-hosted massive sulfide district, Western Australia

Exceptional exposure of the Archean Pilbara block in Western Australia reveals a cross section through an Archean massive sulfide-hosting volcanic succession with underlying subvolcanic intrusion in the Panorama district. A numerical model based on available detailed geologic information has been constructed to simulate heat and fluid flow in the Panorama district. The modeling provides insight into the evolution of the hydrothermal system and evaluates key geologic parameters and their influence on fluid-flow, hydrothermal circulation, and the genesis of massive sulfide orebodies. The model simulates important aspects of the Panorama massive sulfide district, such as temperature distribution, relative alteration zonation, and the size and distribution of orebodies. Predicted temperatures ranging from 150oC at the top of the volcanic pile to ~400oC at the andesite-diorite interface are comparable to temperature estimates based on previously published oxygen isotope mapping. Modeled fluid discharge temperatures are highest for the Sulphur Springs deposit (300o–400oC) and lower for the Kangaroo Caves and other deposits (250o–350oC). The most favorable conditions to reproduce the orebodies and their related alteration zonation occur at anisotropic rock permeabilities comparable to the upper oceanic crust (10–15–10–14 m2) and higher fault permeabilities (10–14–10–13 m2) with a specific fault arrangement similar to that mapped in the field. The 4.6 million metric tons (Mt) Sulphur Springs orebody is predicted to form in less than 5,000 yr, assuming a hydrothermal fluid with seawater salinity, 10 ppm base metal concentration, and a low deposition efficiency (≤10%); other deposits form above the faults under similar conditions. A large range of base metal concentrations in the fluids can account for the known orebodies, but high temperatures (≥250oC) and high-flow velocities (>10–7 m/s) are necessary to produce the observed alteration patterns and distribution of ore deposits. Results indicate that the establishment of a significant hydrothermal system capable of forming economic massive sulfide deposits is favored in fresh volcanic rock packages that have not been affected by earlier compaction or alteration. Under these conditions, economic massive sulfide orebodies (>5 Mt of 10% Zn + Cu) may form in a few thousand years, although the overall lifespan of the hydrothermal system may be between 30,000 and ~200,000 yr, depending on the variations in rock and fault permeability with time.
Lipid profiles in middle-aged men and women after famine exposure during gestation: the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study.

BACKGROUND Many studies in humans have related birth weight to lipid profiles in adulthood. Fewer have estimated associations directly attributable to maternal nutrition during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether famine exposure during gestation is associated with a more atherogenic profile in adult offspring. DESIGN In 2003-2005, we studied 1) 359 singleton men and women born between January 1945 and March 1946 in clinics in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Leiden whose mothers were exposed to the famine during pregnancy; 2) 299 singletons born in the same 3 institutions during 1943 or 1947; and 3) 313 unexposed same-sex siblings of the above individuals. A lipid profile was obtained after an overnight fast. RESULTS Female offspring with prenatal famine exposure had a dyslipidemic pattern characterized by elevated total cholesterol (0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.46; P = 0.007), triglycerides (0.17 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.31; P = 0.02), and LDL cholesterol (0.17 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.36; P = 0.06) compared with unexposed offspring. This pattern was not seen in men. The increases in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were independent of body mass index, waist circumference, and midthigh circumference. The increase in triglycerides was independent of midthigh circumference but was attenuated with control for either body mass index or waist circumference. There was no evidence for associations within specific gestational windows. No association was observed between prenatal famine exposure and HDL cholesterol in either sex. CONCLUSION In women, but not in men, aged approximately 58 y, we observed an association between prenatal undernutrition and elevated total cholesterol concentrations and triglycerides.
Seasonal simulation of the Southern Ocean coupled ice‐ocean system

The Southern Ocean ice-ocean system is investigated using a coupled model developed at Princeton University. The ocean model uses the primitive equations and solves the second-moment closure for turbulent mixing; the snow-ice model uses a three-level thermodynamic scheme resembling Semtner's (1976) model. The focus here is to study the seasonal variability of the ice covered areas and water mass formation. The model simulates reasonably well the seasonal cycle of the ice cover in the Southern Ocean. The annual rapid advance of the ice extent is tied to the ice advection away from the coast toward the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), where it melts rapidly with the increase of radiative fluxes in the austral spring. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts climatology tends to produce too little ice in the Pacific sector, for which the primary cause is a weak meridional wind stress. The oceanic heat fluxes are up to 100 W m−2 in open water areas and along the coastal areas except in the Weddell and Ross Seas, which are occupied by a year-round sea ice cover and have average heat flux of 20 W m−2 or less. However, there is a small region in the Ross Sea with high heat loss suggesting deep convection. The meridional and zonal heat fluxes are in reasonable agreement with observational estimates. The Atlantic meridional heat flux is zero at 34°S (northern boundary of the model), which is an inadequacy in the model. In the Indian Ocean sector the flux is southward, while in the Pacific sector it is weak and equatorward. From the water mass balance we can deduce that the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) (σt > 27.85) annual production is 12 Sv in the Atlantic sector and 5 Sv in the Ross Sea. The total production of 17 Sv is in excellent agreement with the observational estimates of 10–20 Sv. Intermediate water types are produced in the Indian Ocean sector, where some of the AABW is lost during that conversion. In the Atlantic sector, 6 Sv of the annually formed AABW is advected north across the ACC. In the Pacific sector the northward AABW flow is 7.5 Sv, which is in excess of the Ross Sea production, suggesting that a considerable portion of the AABW formed in the Weddell Sea is contributing to that flux.
Static placement, dynamic issue (SPDI) scheduling for EDGE architectures

Technology trends present new challenges for processor architectures and their instruction schedulers. Growing transistor density increases the number of execution units on a single chip, and decreasing wire transmission speeds causes long and variable on-chip latencies. These trends severely limit the two dominant conventional architectures: dynamic issue superscalars, and static placement and issue VLIWs. We present a new execution model in which the hardware and static scheduler instead work cooperatively, called static placement dynamic issue (SPDI). This paper focuses on the static instruction scheduler for SPDI. We identify and explore three issues SPDI schedulers must consider - locality, contention, and depth of speculation. We evaluate a range of SPDI scheduling algorithms executing on an explicit data graph execution (EDGE) architecture. We find that a surprisingly simple one achieves an average of 5.6 instructions-per-cycle (IPC) for SPEC2000 64-wide issue machine, and is within 80% of the performance without on-chip latencies. These results suggest that the compiler is effective at balancing on-chip latency and parallelism, and that the division of responsibilities between the compiler and the architecture is well suited to future systems.
Long-Term Lamivudine Therapy Reduces the Risk of Long-Term Complications of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection even in Patients without Advanced Disease

Background Long-term effects of lamivudine treatment on chronic hepatitis B patients without advanced disease remain unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effects of long-term lamivudine treatment and lamivudine-resistant virus (YMDD) on the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in asymptomatic patients without advanced disease. Methods One hundred and forty-two hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients (median age: 33.9 years) on long-term lamivudine (median treatment duration: 89.9 months) and 124 HBeAg-positive controls (median age: 33.4 years) were prospectively followed up. Patients were monitored for the development of cirrhosis and HCC, liver biochemistry, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels, HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis flares. YMDD mutations (YMDD-MT) were determined annually. Results Lamivudine-treated patients had a significantly lower cumulative rate of development of cirrhosis and/or HCC compared with controls (P=0.005). YMDD-MT occurred in 76.3% of patients after 8 years of lamivudine treatment. When compared with controls and patients with YMDD-MT, patients without YMDD-MT had the greatest reduction of HBV DNA and bilirubin levels, slowest decline of albumin level, highest rate of HBeAg seroconversion and lowest risk of hepatitis flare. Patients with YMDD-MT still had a lower risk for developing cirrhosis and/or HCC (P=0.024) and a greater HBV DNA reduction (P=0.001) in comparison with controls. Patients with YMDD-MT and controls had a similar chance of hepatitis flares and hepatic decompensation. Conclusions Long-term lamivudine treatment was associated with a reduced chance of developing cirrhosis and HCC in patients without advanced disease. Although YMDD-MT reduced the benefits from lamivudine therapy, the outcome of these patients was still better than untreated patients.
Fusarium Infections in Immunocompromised Patients

SUMMARY Fusarium species cause a broad spectrum of infections in humans, including superficial, locally invasive, and disseminated infections. The clinical form of fusariosis depends largely on the immune status of the host and the portal of entry, with superficial and localized disease occurring mostly in immunocompetent patients and invasive and disseminated disease affecting immunocompromised patients. Risk factors for severe fusariosis include prolonged neutropenia and T-cell immunodeficiency, especially in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with severe graft-versus-host disease. The most frequent presentation of disseminated fusariosis is a combination of characteristic cutaneous lesions and positive blood cultures, with or without lung or sinus involvement. The prognosis is poor and is determined largely by degree of immunosuppression and extent of infection, with virtually a 100% death rate among persistently neutropenic patients with disseminated disease. These infections may be clinically suspected on the basis of a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings, which should lead to prompt therapy. Treatment options include the lipid formulations of amphotericin B, voriconazole, and posaconazole. Prevention of fusarial infection among high-risk patients should be considered.
Network Intrusion Detection via a Hybrid of Genetic Algorithms and Principal Component Analysis

In recent years network intrusion has been a problem of great concern to the design of secure computing systems. To detect an intrusion and the type of intrusion, it is desired to characterize an intrusion by its features so that future intrusions can be classified based on these features. In this paper, we present a novel method driven by the genetic algorithms and principal component analysis. This hybrid approach detects intrusions with an accuracy better than the best available till date, for several simulated tests conducted. It is hoped that this technique can also be used to detect the class of intrusion.
Does Adjunctive Tigecycline Improve Outcomes in Severe-Complicated, Nonoperative Clostridium difficile Infection?

Abstract Severe Clostridium difficile infection is associated with a high rate of mortality; however, the optimal treatment for severe- complicated infection remains uncertain for patients who are not candidates for surgical intervention. Thus, we sought to evaluate the benefit of adjunctive tigecycline in this patient population using a retrospective cohort adjusted for propensity to receive tigecycline. We found that patients who received tigecycline had similar outcomes to those who did not, although the small sample size limited power to adjust for comorbidities and severity of illness.
Diapycnal mixing in the Banda Sea: Results of the first microstructure measurements in the Indonesian Throughflow

Models involving basin‐averaged T/S properties [Ffield and Gordon, 1992; Hautala et al., 1996] and barotropic/baroclinic tidal energy conversion [Sjöberg and Stigebrandt, 1992] suggest that the Indonesian archipelago is a site of active mixing. This paper describes the first microstructure measurements made in the region. Aboard the R/V Baruna Jaya IV, we repeated 18 km legs centered on (6.5°S, 128°E), in the central Banda Sea, for two weeks during Oct/Nov 1998.
Dysarthria in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a protocol for a binational, cross-sectional, case-controlled study in French and European Portuguese (FraLusoPark)

Introduction Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have to deal with several aspects of voice and speech decline and thus alteration of communication ability during the course of the disease. Among these communication impairments, 3 major challenges include: (1) dysarthria, consisting of orofacial motor dysfunction and dysprosody, which is linked to the neurodegenerative processes; (2) effects of the pharmacological treatment, which vary according to the disease stage; and (3) particular speech modifications that may be language-specific, that is, dependent on the language spoken by the patients. The main objective of the FraLusoPark project is to provide a thorough evaluation of changes in PD speech as a result of pharmacological treatment and disease duration in 2 different languages (French vs European Portuguese). Methods and analysis Individuals with PD are enrolled in the study in France (N=60) and Portugal (N=60). Their global motor disability and orofacial motor functions is assessed with specific clinical rating scales, without (OFF) and with (ON) pharmacological treatment. 2 groups of 60 healthy age-matched volunteers provide the reference for between-group comparisons. Along with the clinical examinations, several speech tasks are recorded to obtain acoustic and perceptual measures. Patient-reported outcome measures are used to assess the psychosocial impact of dysarthria on quality of life. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the local responsible committees on human experimentation and is conducted in accordance with the ethical standards. A valuable large-scale database of speech recordings and metadata from patients with PD in France and Portugal will be constructed. Results will be disseminated in several articles in peer-reviewed journals and in conference presentations. Recommendations on how to assess speech and voice disorders in individuals with PD to monitor the progression and management of symptoms will be provided. Trial registration number NCT02753192, Pre-results.
Poplar Peroxiredoxin Q. A Thioredoxin-Linked Chloroplast Antioxidant Functional in Pathogen Defense1

Peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous thioredoxin- or glutaredoxin-dependent peroxidases, the function of which is to destroy peroxides. Peroxiredoxin Q, one of the four plant subtypes, is a homolog of the bacterial bacterioferritin comigratory proteins. We show here that the poplar (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) protein acts as a monomer with an intramolecular disulfide bridge between two conserved cysteines. A wide range of electron donors and substrates was tested. Unlike type II peroxiredoxin, peroxiredoxin Q cannot use the glutaredoxin or cyclophilin isoforms tested, but various cytosolic, chloroplastic, and mitochondrial thioredoxins are efficient electron donors with no marked specificities. The redox midpoint potential of the peroxiredoxin Q catalytic disulfide is -325 mV at pH 7.0, explaining why the wild-type protein is reduced by thioredoxin but not by glutaredoxin. Additional evidence that thioredoxin serves as a donor comes from the formation of heterodimers between peroxiredoxin Q and monocysteinic mutants of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) thioredoxin m. Peroxiredoxin Q can reduce various alkyl hydroperoxides, but with a better efficiency for cumene hydroperoxide than hydrogen peroxide and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide. The use of immunolocalization and of a green fluorescence protein fusion construct indicates that the transit sequence efficiently targets peroxiredoxin Q to the chloroplasts and especially to those of the guard cells. The expression of this protein and of type II peroxiredoxin is modified in response to an infection by two races of Melampsora larici-populina, the causative agent of the poplar rust. In the case of an hypersensitive response, the peroxiredoxin expression increased, whereas it decreased during a compatible interaction.
Topic Classification of Blog Posts Using Distant Supervision

Classifying blog posts by topics is useful for applications such as search and marketing. However, topic classification is time consuming and error prone, especially in an open domain such as the blogosphere. The state-of-the-art relies on supervised methods, requiring considerable training effort, that use the whole corpus vocabulary as features, demanding considerable memory to process. We show an effective alternative whereby distant supervision is used to obtain training data: we use Wikipedia articles labelled with Freebase domains. We address the memory requirements by using only named entities as features. We test our classifier on a sample of blog posts, and report up to 0.69 accuracy for multi-class labelling and 0.9 for binary classification.
Domain Specific Knowledge Base Construction via Crowdsourcing

Guiding principles for selecting the best crowdsourcing methodology for a given information gathering task remain insufficient. This paper contributes additional experimental evidence and analysis to this problem. Our work focuses on a subset of crowdsourcing problems we term expert tasks—tasks that require specific domain knowledge. We experiment with crowdsourcing a knowledge base (KB) of scientists and their institutions using two methods: the first recruits experts who are likely to already know the necessary domain knowledge (using Google Adwords); the second employs non-experts who are incentivized to look up the information (using Amazon Mechanical Turk). We find that responses received through Mechanical Turk are more accurate than those received through Adwords. We analyze this result in terms of the difficulty of recruiting experts for our task and the willingness of Mechanical Turk workers to search the web for information. Our work highlights important considerations for crowdsourcing tasks requiring various types of expertise.
Optimal Base Station Design with Limited Fronthaul: Massive Bandwidth or Massive MIMO?

To reach a cost-efficient 5G architecture, the use of remote radio heads connected through a fronthaul to baseband controllers is a promising solution. However, the fronthaul links must support high bit rates as 5G networks are projected to use wide bandwidths and many antennas. Upgrading all of the existing fronthaul connections would be cumbersome, while replacing the remote radio head and upgrading the software in the baseband controllers is relatively simple. In this paper, we consider the uplink and seek the answer to the question: If we have a fixed fronthaul capacity and can deploy any technology in the remote radio head, what is the optimal technology? In particular, we optimize the number of antennas, quantization bits and bandwidth to maximize the sum rate under a fronthaul capacity constraint. The analytical results suggest that operating with many antennas equipped with low- resolution analog-to-digital converters, while the interplay between number of antennas and bandwidth depends on various parameters. The numerical analysis provides further insights into the design of communication systems with limited fronthaul capacity.
Effects of a shelf polynya on flow and water properties in the northern Bering Sea

We present long-term (∼230-day) measurements from three moorings in the vicinity of Saint Lawrence Island on the northern Bering Sea shelf. One mooring was deployed near the polynya which often exists south of the island. These data confirm the existence of strong (∼0.15 m s−1) flow toward Bering Strait northwest of the island (in Anadyr Strait) and suggest that regional circulation results in a moderate (∼ 0.03 5 m s−1) mean flow eastward along the southern coast of Saint Lawrence Island. Coherent variations in the regional circulation and variations in the geostrophic wind account for much of the low-frequency current fluctuation south of Saint Lawrence Island. However, there were 11 events when offshore (northerly) winds coincided with the temperature following the freezing point, increasing salinity, and reversal of the current. This suggests that ice formation and the ensuing brine rejection affect flow in the vicinity of the polynya. Scaling of a simplified momentum equation indicates that the cross-shelf density gradient was a possible mechanism for some of the reversals. Salinity data show a seasonal cycle as well as individual events of brine rejection. During an average event time of 65 hours, the salinity increased by 8×10−3 g kg−1 h−1; the heat flux can be estimated as 535 Wm−2. These fluxes correspond to an ice production of ∼5 m during winter 1981. Extrapolation of our results and comparison with the freshwater cycle suggest that brine rejection is an important component of the regional salt budget.
Mexican case report of a never‐treated Laron syndrome patient evolving to metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and stroke

Glucose and lipid profile together with blood pressure should always be considered for low sera‐IGF‐1 patients. Even when adulthood is reached, IGF‐1 therapy in these patients should be pursued as metabolic and protective cellular effects could be triggered. Real incidence of growth hormone insensitivity is still to be uncovered.