Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photodissociation of OH in interstellar clouds

Calculations are presented of the lifetime of OH against photodissociation by the interstellar radiation field as a function of depth into interstellar clouds containing grains of various scattering properties. The effectiveness of the different photodissociation channels changes with depth into a cloud. Absorption into the repulsive - state is usually the main dissociation channel, but with forward-scattering grains in clouds of small optical depths, absorption into the 3 2H state is more effective. Subject headings: interstellar: molecules molecular processes
Subdwarf studies. III, The halo metallicity distribution

We have constructed the metallicity distribution of a sample of 372 kinematically selected halo stars, most having spectroscopically determined abundances, drawn from our southern subdwarf study and the northern program of Laird J.B. et al. [AJ, 95, 1843 (1988); 96, 1908 (1988)]. We find that the metallicity distribution of this sample is in very good agreement with the predictions of Hartwick's [Ap.J., 209, 418 (1976)] simple model over 2.5 decades of abundance. In particular, we find no significant deficit of metal weak stars, in contradistinction to the earlier investigation of Bond H.E. [Ap.J., 248, 606 (1981)].
Re-characterization of Potential Zoonotic Trematode Parasite Parasitizing Intestine of Snakehead Fish, (Channa striata) Utilizing Multiple Sequence Alignment Tools (MSA)

Metacercariae of Clinostomum Leidy, 1856 are frequently encountered in freshwater fish. The species configuration and taxonomic antiquity of the genus Clinostomum has been very unsteady and under discussion. Two species, i.e. Clinostomum complanatum Rudolphi, 1814 and Clinostomum marginatum Rudolphi, 1819, have been specifically troublesome and their taxonomic validation has been debated. 19 human incidences of Clinostomum complanatum have been reported to cause pharyngitis and lacramalitis from Japan, Thailand and Korea. Clinostomum marginatum is commonly known as yellow grub as it causes pinhead sized lumps in fishes that are white to yellow or black. In the present communication, we have made use of cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 gene as DNA barcode for validating the taxonomy of C. complanatum and C. marginatum harboring phylogenetic studies and multiple sequence alignment tools. Currently, in India species of this group are distinguished mainly on the basis of morphological characters that underlie possible confusions. Therefore, we disinterred the species through molecular analysis. The current findings are salient to authenticate the phylogenetic place and relationship among two trematode spp. and bypass misidentification regarding their validation, as it is more necessary in that case when many species harbours the same host and are of zoonotic importance.
The two-type Richardson model in the half-plane

The two-type Richardson model describes the growth of two competing infection types on the two or higher dimensional integer lattice. For types that spread with the same intensity, it is known that there is a positive probability for infinite coexistence, while for types with different intensities, it is conjectured that infinite coexistence is not possible. In this paper we study the two-type Richardson model in the upper half-plane $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}_+$, and prove that coexistence of two types starting on the horizontal axis has positive probability if and only if the types have the same intensity.
Analytical study of certain magnetohydrodynamic-α models

In this paper we present an analytical study of a subgrid scale turbulence model of the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, inspired by the Navier-Stokes-α (also known as the viscous Camassa-Holm equations or the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes-α model). Specifically, we show the global well-posedness and regularity of solutions of a certain MHD-α model (which is a particular case of the Lagrangian averaged magnetohydrodynamic-α model without enhancing the viscosity for the magnetic field). We also introduce other subgrid scale turbulence models, inspired by the Leray-α and the modified Leray-α models of turbulence. Finally, we discuss the relation of the MHD-α model to the MHD equations by proving a convergence theorem, that is, as the length scale α tends to zero, a subsequence of solutions of the MHD-α equations converges to a certain solution (a Leray-Hopf solution) of the three-dimensional MHD equations.
Three Random Intercepts of a Segment

We construct random triangles via uniform sampling of certain families of lines in the plane. Two examples are given. The word "uniform" turns out to be vague; two competing models are examined. Everything we write is well-known to experts. Which model is more appropriate? Our hope is to engage a larger audience in answering this question.
School Fairness and Repeated Bullying Victimization Among High School Students

Recent research has shown a link between fairness in terms of school rules and discipline and negative student outcomes, including delinquency, violent behavior, and victimization. The current study examines how fairness at school impacts bullying victimization—operationalized as repeated physical, psychological, or verbal victimization—among high school sophomores. We tested this hypothesis using one wave of the Educational Longitudinal Study (2002). The findings of negative binomial regression analyses indicate bullying victimization is more prevalent among students who believe that their schools are unfair. A number of student characteristics were also significantly related to experiencing bullying. Implications for policy and practice are outlined.
Numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well considering threshold pressure gradient, non‐Darcy flow, and stress sensitivity

Conventional numerical simulators cannot accurately predict the production of fractured horizontal wells in tight sandstone gas reservoirs due to the threshold pressure gradient (TPG) and stress sensitivity. Additionally, non‐Darcy flow in hydraulic fractures further complicates the prediction. Therefore, a numerical simulation model was developed to accurately predict the production of fractured horizontal wells that considers the TPG, non‐Darcy flow, and stress sensitivity using the embedded discrete fracture model. The model was solved using the automatic differentiation framework of MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox. The numerical simulation demonstrated that the Darcy flow model provided an optimistic prediction of the productivity of fractured gas wells in tight reservoirs. The TPG, non‐Darcy flow, and stress‐sensitive phenomena reduced the productivity of gas wells to varying degrees and severely affected the production of gas wells. The TPG effect, non‐Darcy effect, and stress sensitivity phenomenon reduced the gas well production by 1.66%, 12.9%, and 42.42%, respectively, compared with that of the Darcy flow. In contrast to the conventional Darcy flow model, the model established in this study can accurately predict the production of gas wells in production history matching.
Studies on Natural and Experimental Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori (Race: PMCSR2(SL)) by PCR

The silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Bombicidae: Lepidoptera), basically a nocturnal moth, is a native of China but has long been domesticated throughout the world. The life cycle of silkworms includes various stages, viz. eggs, larval instars, pupa within silky cocoons, and adult moths. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), one of the best characterized baculoviruses, is an important pathogen in silkworms. The viral diseases are difficult to manage due to the very short life cycle of silkworms. One of the most effective solutions is the timely detection of such infections so as to stop the spread of the viral disease. In the present study, we determined the specific nucleopolyhedrovirus ~738 base pair amplified from isolated viral DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.
Light propagation in inhomogeneous universes - The ray-shooting method

The propagation of light in a clumpy universe is studied using the ray-shooting method. It is found that empty cones in a clumpy universe are rare, which points out the limitation of frequently used distance measures in an inhomogeneous universe. The results show some qualitatively new features of multiple-gravitational-lens geometry, and a likely explanation for these features is presented. A statistical analysis of the simulations give amplification probability distributions for extended sources, as well as the distribution for the ratio of amplifications of compact sources to amplifications of more extended sources. Sample light curves of individual sources are obtained. Finally, the results support the validity of recent investigations on the influence of gravitational light deflection on source counts of compact extragalactic objects. 36 references.
Spectral estimates for Schrödinger operators on periodic discrete graphs

We consider normalized Laplacians and their perturbations by periodic potentials (Schrodinger operators) on periodic discrete graphs. The spectrum of the operators consists of an absolutely continuous part (a union of a finite number of non-degenerate bands) and a finite number of flat bands, i.e., eigenvalues of infinite multiplicity. We obtain estimates of the Lebesgue measure of the spectrum in terms of geometric parameters of the graphs and show that they become identities for some class of graphs. We determine two-sided estimates on the length of the first spectral band and on the effective mass at the bottom of the spectrum of the Laplace and Schrodinger operators. In particular, these estimates yield that the first spectral band of Schrodinger operators is non-degenerate.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Numenius minutus (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae): comparative and phylogenetic analysis

Abstract In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to obtain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Numenius minutus Gould 1841 in Scolopacidae, after which we analyzed the structure and phylogeny of the Charadriiformes. The complete mtDNA was 17,047 bp in length, and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region (CR). The gene structure and arrangement of the mitochondrial genome of 64 Charadriiformes species were basically the same as most birds. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree demonstrated that Numenius species were sister groups and monophyletic in Scolopacidae.
Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Properties of Natural Bioactive Monoterpenes Nerol, Estragole, and 3,7-Dimethyl-1-Octanol

The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants is noted because of the presence of varieties of biochemicals. The monoterpenes, like nerol, estragole, and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, have been reported for antimicrobial, antifungal, anthelmintic, and antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the toxic, cytotoxic, and oxidant/antioxidant effects of these compounds by several in vitro (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric reducing potential), ex vivo (hemolysis), and in vivo (Artemia Salina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) assays. Results suggest that estragole and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol at 31.25–500 μg/mL did not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects in the A. Salina and hemolysis tests. Nerol showed significant cytotoxic effects on these test systems at all test concentrations. The monoterpenes showed radical (ABTS•+ and DPPH•) scavenging capacities in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro tests. However, they did not oxidize the genetic material of S. cerevisiae (SODWT, Sod1Δ, Sod2Δ, Sod1/Sod2Δ, Cat1Δ, and Cat1Δ/Sod1Δ) lines. Among the three monoterpenes, nerol may be a good candidate for antioxidant and anti-tumor therapies.
Finite-Element Simulation of Incompressible Viscous Flows in Moving Meshes

This study aims to develop a two-dimensional dispersion relation-preserving Petrov-Galerkin finite-element model for effectively resolving convective instability in the simulation of incompressible viscous fluid flows in moving meshes. The developed test functions, which accommodate better dispersive nature, are justified through the convection-diffusion equation and the Navier-Stokes equations. For moving-boundary problems, the fluid flows over an oscillating square cylinder and are investigated in the contraction-and-expansion channel. Through several benchmark tests, the dispersion relation-preserving Petrov-Galerkin finite-element model developed within the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation has been shown to be highly reliable to investigate a wide range of incompressible flow problems in moving meshes.
Bivariate extreme value theory: Models and estimation

SUMMARY Bivariate extreme value distributions arise as the limiting distributions of renormalized componentwise maxima. No natural parametric family exists for the dependence between the marginal distributions, but there are considerable restrictions on the dependence structure. We consider modelling the dependence function with parametric models, for which two new models are presented. Tests for independence, and discriminating between models, are also given. The estimation procedure, and the flexibility of the new models, are illustrated with an application to sea level data. Extreme value theory has recently been an area of much theoretical and practical work. Univariate theory is a well documented area, whereas bivariate/multivariate extreme value theory has, until recently, received surprisingly little attention. In the multivariate case, no natural parametric family exists for the dependence structure, so this must be modelled in some way. In the analysis of environmental extreme value data, there is a need for models of dependence between extremes from different sources: for example at various sea ports, or at various -points of a river. In this paper we consider bivariate extreme value distributions. We assume, without loss of generality, that we have exponential marginal distributions with unit means. The class of bivariate exponential distributions in which we are interested, satisfy a strong stability relation. Exponential variables (X, Y) satisfy the stability relation if and only if W = min (aX, bY) is also exponentially distributed for all a, b > 0 (Pickands, 1981). Therefore, the models we will consider have particular application in reliability and survival analysis. One approach to modelling the dependence structure is via parametric models. This requires a flexible family of models which satisfy certain constraints. Models are of two kinds: either differentiable, or nondifferentiable. All nondifferentiable models give distri- butions which are singular, with nonzero probability concentrated on a certain subspace. The differentiable models have densities, but the existing models are symmetric which leads to the variables being exchangeable. Here, we present two new asymmetric differenti- able models, which have increased flexibility. Properties of the differentiable models are examined. Estimation of the parametric models has previously been by ad hoc methods, because there is a nonregular estimation problem when the margins are independent. For the
ON THE NUMBER OF DEDEKIND CUTS AND TWO-CARDINAL MODELS OF DEPENDENT THEORIES

For an infinite cardinal ${\it\kappa}$ , let $\text{ded}\,{\it\kappa}$ denote the supremum of the number of Dedekind cuts in linear orders of size ${\it\kappa}$ . It is known that ${\it\kappa}<\text{ded}\,{\it\kappa}\leqslant 2^{{\it\kappa}}$ for all ${\it\kappa}$ and that $\text{ded}\,{\it\kappa}<2^{{\it\kappa}}$ is consistent for any ${\it\kappa}$ of uncountable cofinality. We prove however that $2^{{\it\kappa}}\leqslant \text{ded}(\text{ded}(\text{ded}(\text{ded}\,{\it\kappa})))$ always holds. Using this result we calculate the Hanf numbers for the existence of two-cardinal models with arbitrarily large gaps and for the existence of arbitrarily large models omitting a type in the class of countable dependent first-order theories. Specifically, we show that these bounds are as large as in the class of all countable theories.
Selective growth of gallium nitride layers with a rectangular cross‐sectional shape and stimulated emission from the optical waveguides observed by photopumping

Selective growth of GaN layers on sapphire substrates is investigated for low‐loss optical waveguide structures of active and passive photonic devices. When growth conditions, such as nitridation of the substrate surface and growth temperature, are adjusted to achieve high‐density uniform nucleation on the substrate, we found that the cross‐sectional shape of GaN waveguides has a rectangular structure with smooth top and side surfaces. At 77 K, we observed stimulated emission from the cleaved facet of an optically pumped selectively grown GaN waveguide with a width of 6 μm and a cavity length of 800 μm. Line narrowing was also achieved: with the full width at half‐maximum of the emission spectra decreasing from 11 to 2 nm by increasing a pump power density from 0.013 to 0.05 MW/cm2.
Encrypted DNS Traffic Analysis for Service Intention Inferring

Service intention refers to what service or which service the server provides. The former includes service classification, service type, or service behavior classification. The latter contains service content classification, such as shopping online or uploading and downloading, etc. Port-based classification and payload-based classification are two widely used service classification schemes, both of which have many limitations, such as only focusing on server-side scenarios or just designing for non-encrypted requests. In this paper, we propose an encryption-independent approach from a network-side perspective by analyzing the communication behavior of the IPs. Firstly, we identify similar service behavior clusters by employing service influence metrics. Then, we devise a semantic mining mechanism to infer whether they serve a fixed user group or provide interactive service. Finally, we use open-source benchmark datasets, synthetic datasets, and the real Netflow data collected from the China Education Research Network backbone (CERNET) to verify our proposal. Experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy and recall rate of the proposed approach is better than other similar state-of-the-art methods. Besides, our work can also distinguish malicious behavior clusters. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our work is efficient for network management and security monitoring.
Cylindric symmetric functions and positivity

We introduce new families of cylindric symmetric functions as subcoalgebras in the ring of symmetric functions $\Lambda$ (viewed as a Hopf algebra) which have non-negative structure constants. Combinatorially these cylindric symmetric functions are defined as weighted sums over cylindric reverse plane partitions or - alternatively - in terms of sets of affine permutations. We relate their combinatorial definition to an algebraic construction in terms of the principal Heisenberg subalgebra of the affine Lie algebra $\mathfrak{\widehat{sl}}_n$ and a specialised cyclotomic Hecke algebra. Using Schur-Weyl duality we show that the new cylindric symmetric functions arise as matrix elements of Lie algebra elements in the subspace of symmetric tensors of a particular level-0 module which can be identified with the small quantum cohomology ring of the $k$-fold product of projective space. The analogous construction in the subspace of alternating tensors gives the known set of cylindric Schur functions which are related to the small quantum cohomology ring of Grassmannians. We prove that cylindric Schur functions form a subcoalgebra in $\Lambda$ whose structure constants are the 3-point genus 0 Gromov-Witten invariants. We show that the new families of cylindric functions obtained from the subspace of symmetric tensors also share the structure constants of a symmetric Frobenius algebra, which we define in terms of tensor multiplicities of the generalised symmetric group $G(n,1,k)$.
Dispersion Impact on Ballistic CNTFET n+-i-n+ Performances

The designs integrating the promising carbon nanotube transistors (CNTFET) will have to take into account the constraints implied by the strong dispersion inherent to nanotube manufacturing. This paper proposes to characterize the main CNTFET performances : on-current Ion, Ion/Ioff ratio and inverse sub-threshold slope S according to the dispersion on the nanotube diameter. For this purpose, we use a compact model suitable for testing several diameter values.
Frequency-Control-Aware Probabilistic Load Flow: An Analytical Method

Probabilistic load flow (PLF) calculation, as a fundamental tool to analyze transmission system behavior, has been studied for decades. Despite a variety of available methods, existing PLF approaches rarely take system control into account. However, system control, as an automatic buffer between the fluctuations in random variables and the variations in system variables (e.g., nodal voltages), has a significant impact on the final PLF result. To consider control actions' influence, this paper proposes the first analytical PLF method for the transmission grid that takes into account primary and secondary frequency controls. This method is based on a high-precision linear power flow model, whose precision is even further improved in this paper by an original correction approach. This paper also proves that if the joint probability distribution (JPD) of random variables is expressed by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), then the JPD of system variables is an infinite GMM. By leveraging this proposition, the proposed method generates the joint PLF of the whole system at the quasi-steady and steady states. The high accuracy and satisfactory efficiency of this method are verified on multiple test systems with different percentages of renewables.
Matrix elements of Fourier Integral Operators

This article is concerned with the semi-classical limits of matrix elements $ $ of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian $\Delta_g$ of a compact Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$ with respect to a Fourier integral operator $F$ on $L^2(M)$. Many results exist for the case where $F$ is a pseudo-differential operator, but matrix elements of Fourier integral operators involve new considerations. The limits reflect the extent to which the canonical relation of $F$ is invariant under the geodesic flow of $(M, g)$. When the canonical relation is almost nowhere invariant, a density one subsequence of the matrix elements tends to zero (related results arose first in the study of quantum ergodic restriction theorems). The limit states are invariant measures on the canonical relation of $F$ and their invariance properties are explained. The invariance properties in the case of Hecke operators answers an old question raised by the author.
The Stochastic Model of Technical Change and Profit Rates: Korean Economy (Manufacturing Sector: 1970–2015)

This article aims to reconstruct major macroeconomic variables, including the profit rate in the Korean economy, by using the stochastic model of technical change. This model needs no a priori technological patterns concerning available technologies, such as the neoclassical production function or fixed coefficient technologies. This article provides a summary of the rate of profit, the productivity of capital, and labor productivity in the Korean manufacturing sector between 1970 and 2015. A multiple structural break model detects possible regime changes in the growth rate of each type of productivity. The innovation sets for the simulation are created based on this test. Furthermore, the article reconstructs the rate of profit, the productivity of capital, and labor productivity in Korea’s manufacturing sector and discusses a catching-up process by Korea with the United States, which the model reproduces. JEL Classification: E11, E17, O14, O33