Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional Innovation and the Prospects for Transference, Part I: Transferring Singaporean Institutions to Suzhou, China

The transfer of institutions from one country to another is an important means of learning and problem solving. Unfortunately, many such transfers have yielded disappointing results because the proponents neglect to analyze the contextual fit in the recipient country. This article examines the initiative of China and Singapore to create a new industrial city in Suzhou, China, based on Singaporean institutions. The difficulties of this endeavor, which led to Singapore turning over the lead-role to China in 2000, offer valuable lessons about the importance of context, of assessing presumed support, and of “ownership” in institutional transfers.
A Framework for Interactive Natural Language Debugging

Natural language systems that use hand-curated linguistic resources have advantages over Machine Learning systems in that their behavior can be examined and incrementally corrected. However, maintaining these systems is a challenge due to the amount of expertise required and the complexity of the debugging process. To address this challenge, we propose Interactive Natural Language Debugging (INLD), a framework for locating and correcting errors in a system’s linguistic resources by interacting with a user in natural language. As part of ongoing research, we present the INLD pipeline, a taxonomy of error types, and a formulation of INLD as a model-based diagnosis problem.
Global atmospheric water balance and runoff from large river basins

Atmospheric vapour flux convergence is introduced for the estimation of the water balance in a river basin. The global distribution of vapour flux convergence, - ΔH · Q is estimated using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts global analysis data for the period 1980-1988. From the atmospheric water balance, the annual mean - ΔH · Q can be interpreted as the precipitation minus evaporation. The estimated - ΔH · Q is compared with the observed discharge data in the Chao Phraya river basin, Thailand. The mean annual values are not identical, but their seasonal change corresponds very well. The four year mean - ΔH · Q is also compared with the climatological runoff of nearly 70 large rivers. The multi-annual mean runoff is calculated from the Global Runoff Data Centre data set and used for the comparison. There is generally a good correspondence between the atmospheric water balance estimates and the runoff observations on the ground, especially in the mid- and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere. However, there are significant differences in many instances. The results emphasize the importance of accurate routine observations in both the atmosphere and river runoff. The global water balance of the zonal mean is compared with prior estimates, and the estimated value from this study is found to be smaller than previous estimates. The annual water balance in each ocean and each continent are also compared with previous estimates. Generally, the global runoff estimation using the conventional hydrological water balance is larger than the result by the atmospheric water balance method. Annual freshwater transport is estimated by atmospheric water balance combined with geographical information. The results show that the same order of freshwater is supplied to the ocean from both the atmosphere and the surrounding continents through rivers. The rivers also carry approximately 10% of the global annual freshwater transport in meridional directions as zonal means.
Using wavelet‐domain adaptive filtering to improve signal‐to‐noise ratio of nuclear magnetic resonance log data from tight gas sands

In tight gas sands, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of nuclear magnetic resonance log data is usually low, which limits the application of nuclear magnetic resonance logs in this type of reservoir. This project uses the method of wavelet‐domain adaptive filtering to denoise the nuclear magnetic resonance log data from tight gas sands. The principles of the maximum correlation coefficient and the minimum root mean square error are used to decide on the optimal basis function for wavelet transformation. The feasibility and the effectiveness of this method are verified by analysing the numerical simulation results and core experimental data. Compared with the wavelet thresholding denoise method, this adaptive filtering method is more effective in noise filtering, which can improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio of nuclear magnetic resonance data and the inversion precision of transverse relaxation time T2 spectrum. The application of this method to nuclear magnetic resonance logs shows that this method not only can improve the accuracy of nuclear magnetic resonance porosity but also can enhance the recognition ability of tight gas sands in nuclear magnetic resonance logs.
International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing

ABSTRACT Clouds provide a platform for efficiently and flexibly aggregating, storing, and processing large amounts of data. Eventually, sensor networks will automatically collect such data. A particular challenge regarding sensor data in Clouds is the inherent sensitive nature of sensed information. For current Cloud platforms, the data owner loses control over her sensor data once it enters the Cloud. This imposes a major adoption barrier for bridging Cloud computing and sensor networks, which we address henceforth. After analyzing threats to sensor data in Clouds, the authors propose a Cloud architecture that enables end-to-end control over sensitive sensor data by the data owner. The authors introduce a well-defined entry point from the sensor network into the Cloud, which enforces end-to-end data protection, applies encryption and integrity protection
Low Emulsifier Diet in Healthy Female Adults: A Feasibility Study of Nutrition Education and Counseling Intervention

Emulsifiers are food additives commonly found in processed foods to improve texture stabilization and food preservation. Dietary emulsifier intake can potentially damage the gut mucosal lining resulting in chronic inflammation such as Crohn’s disease. This study investigates the feasibility of a low-emulsifier diet among healthy female adults, as no previous reports have studied the feasibility of such a diet on healthy participants. A quasi-experimental study for a nutrition education and counseling intervention was conducted over 14 days among healthy Saudi participants aged 18 years and over. Assessment of dietary intake using 3-day food records was conducted at the baseline and 2-week follow-up. Participants attended an online educational session using the Zoom application illustrating instructions for a low-emulsifier diet. Daily exposure to emulsifiers was evaluated and nutrient intake was measured. A total of 30 participants completed the study. At baseline, 38 emulsifiers were identified, with a mean ± SD exposure of 12.23 ± 10.07 emulsifiers consumed per day. A significant reduction in the mean frequency of dietary emulsifier intake was observed at the end of the intervention (12.23 ± 10.07 vs. 6.30 ± 7.59, p < 0.01). However, intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Good adherence to the diet was achieved by 40% of the participants, and 16.66% attained a 50% reduction of emulsifier intake. The study demonstrates that a low-emulsifier diet provided via dietary advice is feasible to follow and tolerable by healthy participants. However, the diet still needs further investigation and assessment of it is nutritional intake and quality before implementing it in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are at high risk of poor nutritional intake.
Global Diffusion of a New Product Class: 
A Study of New World Wine

Understanding the drivers of product diffusion in global markets is a key determinant of success in marketing a product internationally. Factors such as national culture that are specific to a particular country market play a significant role in determining the speed of diffusion in that market. Examining the diffusion of New World wine provides an opportunity to test existing theories in the context of a new product class innovation as opposed to a new product innovation (as is the case in the existing literature). In addition, the study of diffusion of a new product class provides an opportunity to measure diffusion rates, within global markets, against a key explanatory variable in diffusion theory, 'prior experience of a previously introduced idea'. This is due to the fact that global markets have had previous experience with other wine product classes, before the advent of New World wine. This explanatory variable is an important part of classic diffusion theory however it has not been tested in a cross national sense. Through the study of 47 countries/regions that encompasses all countries in the world (at time of publication), the research found a strong negative correlation between 'prior experience of a previously introduced idea' and market share growth of New World wine across global markets. The author suggests that a key potential factor for this finding relates to the existence of a quality status hierarchy in existence in countries with higher levels of prior experience, resulting in a lower quality perception for a new product class in this market, when compared to a market that does not have an existing status hierarchy in place due to lower prior experience with a similar product. This concept potentially extends the cross national diffusion literature. In addition this research may provide important implications for managers in developing global marketing strategies.
Methodological “Learning-by-Doing” for Action Design Research Methodological “Learning-by-Doing” for Action Design Research

This study shares the direct experiences of designing and implementing methodological “learning-by-doing” for Action Design Research (ADR) within a 5-credit module that condenses the realities of completing a full ADR project without compromising the rigour of the approach. The module is described in detail, along with the specifics of its implementation over two years and the key learnings from doing so. Adopting a confessional writing approach, documented experiences from those involved (both designers and students) provide a rich data source, analysed using autonomous and communicative reflexivity. The underlying contribution of this paper is that it provides insights into the learning of ADR, the doing of ADR, and the outcomes of a technique that simultaneously combines both. As a result, ADR educators and researchers can draw on these insights to further their teaching, learning, and research endeavours. Finally, key insights such as forced pragmatism and the challenge of problematisation add to our understanding of conducting ADR while avoiding issues such as methodological slurring.
Carbon accumulation in West Siberian Mires, Russia Sphagnum peatland distribution in North America and Eurasia during the past 21,000 years

The rates of carbon (C) accumulation and the role of fires in the C dynamics of the major types of boreal West Siberian mires were investigated. Detailed analysis of dry bulk density, C, and N concentration and age of the peat layers were used to determine C accumulation rates throughout the Holocene. The average long‐term apparent rate of carbon accumulation (LORCA) at 11 studied sites was 17.2±1.0 (SE) g m−2 yr−1, ranging from 12.1 to 23.7 g m−2 yr−1, and the total apparent carbon sink 11.8 Tg yr−1 (1 Tg = 1012 g) for Russian raised string bogs (68.5 million hectares). These estimates of C accumulation in West Siberian mires are roughly a half of the earlier estimates for these boreal mires. Differences in LORCA for three major mire types in the study area, the ridge‐hollow pine bogs, Sphagnum fuscum pine bogs, and dwarf‐shrub pine bogs, were not significant. The age versus depth (measured as cumulative carbon from the surface downward) curve was slightly convex, indicating a general declining trend in LORCA with decreasing age. About 55% of the present carbon store was already accumulated about 6000 cal. BP. The most intensive expansion phase of the study area occurred between 7000 and 8000 cal. BP. The subsequent lateral expansion has been very slow in the later Holocene. The charcoal data indicated that these mires have burned only 2–3 times during the past 7000–8000 cal. BP, and only a strip of a few meters along the mire margins has burned relatively frequently. No evidence of significant carbon losses due to fires could be found. The charcoal layers at the mire margins suggest a declining trend in burning rates during the later Holocene.
Distributed Stabilization of Signed Networks via Self-loop Compensation

—This paper examines the stability and distributed stabilization of signed multi-agent networks. Here, positive semideﬁniteness is not inherent for signed Laplacians, which renders the stability and consensus of this category of networks intricate. First, we examine the stability of signed networks by introducing a novel graph-theoretic objective negative cut set , which implies that manipulating negative edge weights cannot change a unstable network into a stable one. Then, inspired by the diagonal dominance and stability of matrices, a local state damping mechanism is introduced using self-loop compensation . The self-loop compensation is only active for those agents who are incident to negative edges and can stabilize signed networks in a fully distributed manner. Quantitative connections between self-loop compensation and the stability of the compensated signed network are established for a tradeoff between compensation efforts and network stability. Necessary and/or sufﬁcient conditions for predictable cluster consensus of compensated signed networks are provided. The optimality of self-loop compensation is discussed. Furthermore, we extend our results to directed signed networks where the symmetry of signed Laplacian is not free. The correlation between the stability of the compensated dynamics obtained by self-loop compensation and eventually positivity is further discussed. Novel insights into the stability of multi-agent systems on signed networks in terms of self-loop compensation are offered. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Revisiting Residual Networks for Adversarial Robustness (Supplementary Materials)

Adversarial white-box attacks. Since the first demonstration that high-performant DNNs are vulnerable to small perturbations in inputs (a.k.a. adversarial examples) [26], a plethora of efforts have been devoted to crafting stronger adversarial examples (AEs) – fast gradient sign method (FGSM) [9] is one of the earliest methods that applies a single gradient step to generate AEs; projected gradient descent (PGD) [21] is a widely studied method that performs well in most cases while being computationally efficient; Carlini & Wagner (CW) [1] introduced an alternative loss that exhibits strong attack performance; AutoAttack (AA) [5] is an aggregated attack formed from an ensemble of four complementary attacks.
Objects-based Image Analysis for Mapping Natura 2000 Habitats to Improve Forest Management

Natura 2000 is a European network of protected areas established under the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). According to the Habitats Directive, habitat maps must be periodically updated, which requires the development of cost- and time-efficient mapping practices. In this study, we propose a methodology for habitat mapping using very high spatial resolution (QuickBird) images with Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA). We classified five segmentation levels: level 5 incorporated the prior knowledge of the study area into the analysis; level 4 and 1 were used to identify arable areas and land covers, respectively. The information contained in levels 1, 4, and 5 was then combined to classify plant species in level 2. Finally, habitats were classified in level 3 using level 2 class-related features. The habitat map obtained had an overall accuracy of 86.3 percent. Classification accuracies were higher for tree-and pasture-dominated habitats than for shrub-dominated habitats.
Inflated scores on the online exams during the COVID-19 pandemic school lockdown

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, colleges and universities in the US had to provide students with online-only instruction and assessment in the middle of the Spring 2020 semester. Since this was neither adequately planned nor thoroughly prepared due to little time, its effects on student academic performance are unknown. This study tested a hypothesis that students’ test scores were significantly higher on online exams during the COVID-19 school lockdown than those of the in-person exams before the lockdown. We compared the scores of the same students between one in-person exam and two online exams in a fundamental engineering class in the Spring 2020 semester. We further compared the scores between the students who took three in-person exams in the 2019 semesters and those in the Spring 2020 semester. The same instructor taught the class in both cases, and all exams had similar difficulties. We found that students achieved significantly inflated test scores when taking online exams, with the increase being in the range of 20% to 50%. Therefore, we have proven the hypothesis. Score inflation also depended on the level of prevention of student collaboration on online exams, with a loosely-controlled online exam’s scores increasing by 50% compared to exams with strict measures to prevent cheating. In comparison, students showed a similar performance at three in- person exams in the 2019 semesters, with differences ranging 6% to 8%. The current study could help show how the COVID-19 pandemic influences long-term academic performance of institutions, instructors, and more importantly, students.
Comparison of Measured and Modeled Nocturnal Clear Sky Longwave Downward Radiation at Payerne, Switzerland

In this study, a comparison of measured and modeled nocturnal clear sky Longwave Downward Radiation (LDR) in Payerne, Switzerland, was performed. The Radiative Transfer Models (RTM) MODTRAN and libRadtran were applied to compute LDR irradiances. Absorption coefficients for libRadtran calculations were generated using the line‐by‐line model ARTS and the band model LOWTRAN. 39 clear nights were chosen to calculate LDR and to compare with broadband LDR measurements and LDR measurements taken in the wavelength range 8 to 14 μm. To run the models, two different types of vertical pressure, temperature and humidity profiles were implemented: (a) radiosonde profiles normalized to 2 meter ground values of pressure, temperature and humidity and scaled to the total Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) content; (b) seasonal standard profiles of the McClatchey midlatitude atmosphere normalized to ground measurements and scaled to the total IWV content. In the broadband range, MODTRAN revealed mean differences (measured minus .
Proportion and Building Material, or Theory versus Practice in the Determination of the Module

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Respon Pertumbuhan Jumlah dan Luas Daun Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) pada Tingkat Naungan yang Berbeda

The aims of this experiment was to know of radiance intensity on nimble growth. Randomized Complete Designwith 3 replicates were used to experiment. The treatment was one paranet, two paranets and control (no paranet). Parameter was sum of leaf and wide of leaf. The result of this experiment indicated that radiance intensity is able toincrease on wide leaf
Deciphering the magma storage conditions and preeruptive processes at Cumaçay: a Plio-Quaternary volcanic eruption center in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey

: We investigate the geology and petrology of Cumaçay, one of the Plio-Quaternary eruption centers of postcollisional volcanism in Eastern Turkey, using a combination of geochronology, bulk-rock geochemistry, thermobarometry, and thermodynamic simulations. Our new K-Ar ages reveal an age of 3.5–0.97 Ma for the eruptive products, which spread around an area of approximately 1000 km 2 . Mineral-melt equilibria for olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase allow estimation of crystallization pressures, and temperatures indicate two separate crustal storage of crystallization at 14–28 km and 5–15 km. The temperature estimation from diverse methods ranges from 954 °C to 1224 °C. Thermodynamic modelings using Magma Chamber Simulator (MCS) at a representative pressure (5 kbar) imply that the assimilation and crustal contamination (AFC) resulted in evolved melts with various SiO 2 contents at mid to lower crustal depths. Calculated wide range of temperatures, compositional variety from evolved members, and MCS recharge simulation at a representative pressure (2.5 kbar) reveal that the magma mixing between contrasted melts characterizes the final chemical dispersal of the erupted lavas.
A Comparative Study of Two Resonance Frequency Analysis Instruments

Primary implant stability (PIS) depends on the surgical technique, implant design, and the characteristics of the recipient bone, among other factors. This paper aims to study different parameters (recipient bone characteristics like bone density (BD) and mean alveolar crest width (MACW)) that may be related to implant primary stability outcomes. With that, it can be determined if they are reliable PIS methods and guide treatment decisions for successful implant outcomes. Thirty-five dental implants (25 BTI Interna® CORE and 10 Bioner Top DM) were placed in 10 patients in 2022 and 2023. All of them underwent Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans to obtain values for MACW and BD. PIS measurements used were implant stability quotient (ISQ) obtained through different resonance frequency analysis (RFA) methods (Osstell® ISQ and Penguin RFA®) and insertion torque (IT). The results for the following variables showed significance at p<0.001 and p<0.05. Highly significant relationships were observed between Osstell and Penguin RFA values (p<0.001). Regarding IT, a direct proportional relationship with ISQ was observed (p<0.05). PIS, as measured by ISQ and IT, did not show a significant correlation with the mean alveolar crest width of the edentulous ridge measured by CBCT, suggesting that wide or narrow alveolar crests did not have an effect on rotational or lateral PIS in both implant groups. The most significant predictor of lateral and rotational PIS in our patients was the Hounsfield Units (HU) value 0.5 mm away from the implant placement area (p<0.001) and (p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, non-invasive PIS methods could be considered as a guide for clinicians in treatment decision-making and implant success. However, further research is needed to predict PIS.