Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE To assess the experience of selected individuals living with bipolar disorder and compare this experience with that of a similar group of individuals sampled in 1992. METHOD In June 2000, 4192 self-administered questionnaires were sent to National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association chapters for distribution to support group participants diagnosed with bipolar disorder. By July 31, 2000, the first 600 completed surveys were analyzed. RESULTS Over one third of respondents sought professional help within 1 year of the onset of symptoms. Unfortunately, 69% were misdiagnosed, with the most frequent misdiagnosis being unipolar depression. Those who were misdiagnosed consulted a mean of 4 physicians prior to receiving the correct diagnosis. Over one third waited 10 years or more before receiving an accurate diagnosis. Despite having underreported manic symptoms, more than half believe their physicians' lack of understanding of bipolar disorder prevented a correct diagnosis from being made earlier. In 2000, the respondents reported a greater negative impact of bipolar disorder on families, social relationships, and employment than did the respondents in 1992. Overall, respondents were satisfied with their current treatment, which often included medication, talk therapy, and support groups. Respondents who were highly satisfied with their treatment provider had a more positive outlook on their illness and their ability to cope with it. CONCLUSION Individuals with bipolar disorder reported that the illness manifests itself early in life but that accurate diagnosis lags by many years. The illness exacts great hardships on the individual and the family and has a profoundly negative effect on careers. These findings are very similar to those reported nearly a decade ago.
Predicting functionality of protein–DNA interactions by integrating diverse evidence

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-chip) experiments enable capturing physical interactions between regulatory proteins and DNA in vivo. However, measurement of chromatin binding alone is not sufficient to detect regulatory interactions. A detected binding event may not be biologically relevant, or a known regulatory interaction might not be observed under the growth conditions tested so far. To correctly identify physical interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and genes and to determine their regulatory implications under various experimental conditions, we integrated ChIP-chip data with motif binding sites, nucleosome occupancy and mRNA expression datasets within a probabilistic framework. This framework was specifically tailored for the identification of functional and non-functional DNA binding events. Using this, we estimate that only 50% of condition-specific protein–DNA binding in budding yeast is functional. We further investigated the molecular factors determining the functionality of protein–DNA interactions under diverse growth conditions. Our analysis suggests that the functionality of binding is highly condition-specific and highly dependent on the presence of specific cofactors. Hence, the joint analysis of both, functional and non-functional DNA binding, may lend important new insights into transcriptional regulation. Contact: workman@cbs.dtu. dk
Evaluating the effectiveness of a web‐based intervention to promote mental wellbeing in women and partners following miscarriage, using a modified patient preference trial design: an external pilot

Please cite this paper as: Klein S, Cumming G, Lee A, Alexander D, Bolsover D. Evaluating the effectiveness of a web‐based intervention to promote mental wellbeing in women and partners following miscarriage, using a modified patient preference trial design: an external pilot. BJOG 2012;119:762–767.
Thejoint capsule: structure, composition, ageing anddisease*

Thejoint capsule isvital tothefunction ofsynovial joints. Itseals thejoint space, provides passive stability bylimiting movements, provides active stability viaitsproprioceptive nerve endings andmayformarticular surfaces forthejoint. Itisadense fibrous connective tissue that isattached tothebonesviaspecialised attachment zonesandforms asleeve around thejoint. Itvaries inthickness according tothestresses to whichitissubject, islocally thickened toformcapsular ligaments, andmayalsoincorporate tendons. The capsule isoften injured, leading tolaxity, constriction and/or adhesion tosurrounding structures. Itisalso important inrheumatic disease, including rheumatoid arthritis andosteoarthritis, crystal deposition disorders, bonyspurformation andankylosing spondylitis. Thisarticle concentrates onthespecialised structures ofthecapsule-where capsular tissues attach toboneorformpartofthearticulation ofthejoint. Itfocuses on2joints: theratkneeandtheproximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint ofthehumanfinger. The attachments tobonecontain fibrocartilage, derived fromthecartilage oftheembryonic bonerudiment and rich intypeIIcollagen andglycosaminoglycans. Theattachment changes withage,whentypeIIcollagen spreads into thecapsular ligament ortendon, orpathology-type IIcollagen islost fromPIPcapsular attachments inrheumatoid arthritis. Parts ofthecapsule thatarecompressed during movementadaptby becoming fibrocartilaginous. Suchregions accumulate cartilage-like glycosaminoglycans andmaycontain typeIIcollagen, especially inagedmaterial. Incapsular tendons, thefibrocartilages develop fromaspecial population ofcells onthedeepsurface. Somecapsular tissues mayhaveverylarge articulations withthe joint: inthePIPjoint thefibrocartilaginous partofthecentral slip oftheextensor tendon hasan articulation withtheproximal phalanx comparable tothatoftheintermediate phalanx. Thecapsular fibrocartilages aresimilar incomposition tothebetter knownmenisci andother intra-articular discs. Itis emphasised thatthetissues ofthejoint capsule aredynamic, andthattheprecise composition oftheir fibrocartilaginous parts islikely todepend onatleast 3factors: their developmental origins, theloading experienced, andage.
Clinical Heterogeneity in Patients With FOXP3 Mutations Presenting With Permanent Neonatal Diabetes

OBJECTIVE—Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is caused by FOXP3 mutations. We aimed to determine the prevalence, genetics, and clinical phenotype of FOXP3 mutations in a large cohort with permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The 11 coding exons and the polyadenylation region of FOXP3 were sequenced in 26 male subjects with diabetes diagnosed before 6 months of age in whom common genetic causes of PNDM had been excluded. Ten subjects had at least one additional immune-related disorder, and the remaining 16 had isolated diabetes. RESULTS—We identified four hemizygous FOXP3 mutations in 6 of 10 patients with associated immune-related disorders and in 0 of 16 patients with isolated diabetes (P = 0.002). Three patients with two novel mutations (R337Q and P339A) and the previously reported L76QfsX53 developed classic IPEX syndrome and died within the first 13 months. The novel mutation V408M was found in three patients from two unrelated families and had a mild phenotype with hypothyroidism and autoimmune enteropathy (n = 2) or nephrotic syndrome (n = 1) and survival to 12–15 years. CONCLUSIONS—FOXP3 mutations result in ∼4% of cases of male patients with permanent diabetes diagnosed before 6 months. Patients not only have classic IPEX syndrome but, unexpectedly, may have a more benign phenotype. FOXP3 sequencing should be performed in any male patient with the diagnosis of diabetes in the first 6 months who develops other possible autoimmune-associated conditions, even in the absence of full IPEX syndrome.
A cost-utility analysis of psychoanalysis versus psychoanalytic psychotherapy

Objectives: Despite the considerable and growing body of research about the clinical effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic treatment, relatively little attention has been paid to economic evaluations, particularly with reference to the broader range of societal effects. In this cost-utility study, we examined the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of psychoanalysis versus psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Methods: Incremental costs and effects were estimated by means of cross-sectional measurements in a cohort design (psychoanalysis, n = 78; psychoanalytic psychotherapy, n = 104). Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated for each treatment strategy using the SF-6D. Total costs were calculated from a societal perspective (treatment costs plus other societal costs) and discounted at 4 percent. Results: Psychoanalysis was more costly than psychoanalytic psychotherapy, but also more effective from a health-related quality of life perspective. The ICER—that is, the extra costs to gain one additional QALY by delivering psychoanalysis instead of psychoanalytic psychotherapy—was estimated at €52,384 per QALY gained. Conclusions: Our findings show that the cost-utility ratio of psychoanalysis relative to psychoanalytic psychotherapy is within an acceptable range. More research is needed to find out whether cost-utility ratios vary with different types of patients. We also encourage cost-utility analyses comparing psychoanalytic treatment to other forms of (long-term) treatment.
Lipid Antioxidant and Galactolipid Remodeling under Temperature Stress in Tomato Plants

Increased temperatures are a major scenario in climate change and present a threat to plant growth and agriculture. Plant growth depends on photosynthesis. To function optimally, the photosynthetic machinery at the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts continuously adapts to changing conditions. Here, we set out to discover the most important changes arising at the lipid level under high temperature (38°C) in comparison to mild (20°C) and moderately cold temperature (10°C) using a non-targeted lipidomics approach. To our knowledge, no comparable experiment at the level of the whole membrane system has been documented. Here, 791 molecular species were detected by mass spectrometry and ranged from membrane lipids, prenylquinones (tocopherols, phylloquinone, plastoquinone, plastochromanol), carotenoids (β-carotene, xanthophylls) to numerous unidentified compounds. At high temperatures, the most striking changes were observed for the prenylquinones (α-tocopherol and plastoquinone/-ol) and the degree of saturation of fatty acids in galactolipids and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Photosynthetic efficiency at high temperature was not affected but at moderately cold temperature mild photoinhibition occurred. The results indicate, that the thylakoid membrane is remodeled with regard to fatty acid saturation in galactolipids and lipid antioxidant concentrations under high temperature stress. The data strongly suggest, that massively increased concentrations of α-tocopherol and plastoquinone are important for protection against high temperature stress and proper function of the photosynthetic apparatus.
An empirical model for confined concrete after exposure to high temperature

In this study, constitutive relationships have been developed for confined concrete subjected to elevated temperature to specify the fire‐performance criteria for concrete structures after exposé to fire. This study extends over a total of 63 circular hoop confined concrete specimens that were casted and tested under concentric compression loading after exposure to high temperature. The test variables studied are the yield strength of transverse reinforcement, spacing of the hoop, and exposure to temperatures from ambient to 800°C. It is shown that all of these variables have significant influence on concrete behavior at different temperatures and further an improvement in the thermal resistance of concrete when confined using transverse steel reinforcement. On the basis of experimental results, a model for confined concrete after exposed to high temperature is proposed to predict the results of residual behavior after thermal cycles. The proposed empirical stress‐strain equations are suitable to predict the postfire behavior of confined normal strength concrete in compression. The predictions were found to be in good agreement and well fit with experimental results.
The neurotoxicity of high‐dose cytosine arabinoside is age‐related

Fifteen patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were given a total of 17 courses of high‐dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C). The median age of the patients was 37 years. Four patients developed severe irreversible neurotoxicity, three developed mild to moderate, reversible neurotoxicity, whereas eight patients had no toxicity. Of five patients over the age of 55 years given high dose Ara‐C, four developed severe, irreversible neurotoxicity, but there were no severe episodes in nine patients aged 55 years or less. (P < 0.01). At a dose of 3 g/m2 given intravenously every 12 hours for 3 days, three cases of severe irreversible neurotoxicity were noted in elderly patients. Neurotoxicity at this total dose has previously been considered unusual. Administration of high dose Ara‐C at total doses of 18 g/m2 and over carries a risk of severe irreversible cerebellar toxicity that increases with age.
Child abuse and neglect — is it time for a public health approach?

Australia is seeing an unprecedented increase in the rate of child protection notifications and children being taken into care. The burden of such high levels of notifications and removals impact not only the children and families but also the system which is trying to resource them. The concern is that these increases are unsustainable and overloaded child protection systems can be dangerous for the vulnerable families and children they are trying to protect and support.
Multi-Tenant Radio Access Network Slicing: Statistical Multiplexing of Spatial Loads

This paper addresses the slicing of radio access network resources by multiple tenants, e.g., virtual wireless operators and service providers. We consider a criterion for dynamic resource allocation amongst tenants, based on a weighted proportionally fair objective, which achieves desirable fairness/protection across the network slices of the different tenants and their associated users. Several key properties are established, including: the Pareto-optimality of user association to base stations, the fair allocation of base stations’ resources, and the gains resulting from dynamic resource sharing across slices, both in terms of utility gains and capacity savings. We then address algorithmic and practical challenges in realizing the proposed criterion. We show that the objective is NP-hard, making an exact solution impractical, and design a distributed semi-online algorithm, which meets performance guarantees in equilibrium and can be shown to quickly converge to a region around the equilibrium point. Building on this algorithm, we devise a practical approach with limited computational information and handoff overheads. We use detailed simulations to show that our approach is indeed near-optimal and provides substantial gains both to tenants (in terms of capacity savings) and end users (in terms of improved performance).
Corneal imaging with slit‐scanning and Scheimpflug imaging techniques

Modern anterior segment imaging techniques, such as slit‐scanning and Scheimpflug imaging, greatly improved the field of corneal imaging. Devices such as the Orbscan (Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Inc) and, more recently, the Pentacam (Oculus, Inc) and the Galilei (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG) have brought a whole new range of clinical possibilities and sparked interest in the academic community. These new tomographers create three‐dimensional models of the cornea and enable the direct measurement of both the anterior and posterior surface elevations. In this paper, we present a review of some available literature on those systems, regarding their optical principles and their performance in current clinical applications.
An iterative cell scheduling algorithm for ATM input-queued switch with service class priority

An iterative cell scheduling algorithm for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) input-queued switch with service class priority is proposed in this paper. At inputs of the switch the VC's or VP's are discriminated into classes of services and in each class an iterative round robin matching scheduler is provided. A performance analysis is carried out by simulation and the results show a very promising ATM switch for the proposed algorithm.
Three-dimensional ultrastructure of a unicellular cyanobacterium

The first complete three-dimensional ultrastructural reconstruction of a cyanobacterium was accomplished with high-voltage electron microscopy and computer-aided assembly of serial sections. The precise arrangement of subcellular features within the cell body was very consistent from one cell to another. Specialized inclusion bodies always occupied specific intracellular locations. The photosynthetic thylakoid membranes entirely surrounded the central portion of the cytoplasm, thereby compartmentalizing it from the rest of the cell. The thylakoid membranes formed an interconnecting network of concentric shells, merging only at the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane. The thylakoids were in contact with the cytoplasmic membrane at several locations, apparently to maintain the overall configuration of the thylakoid system. These results clarified several unresolved issues regarding structure-function relationships in cyanobacteria.
Generating test patterns for bridge faults in CMOS ICs

We describe a system for generating accurate tests for bridge faults (with or without feedback) in CMOS ICs. We present the Test Guarantee Theorem, which allows for accurate test generation for feedback bridge faults via topological analysis of the feedback-influenced region of the faulted circuit (without the need for any post-test verification or explicit examination of inversion parity). We describe our test pattern generation system's treatment of feedback bridge faults in detail and report on the system's performance. <<ETX>>
Notice of RetractionAn Empirical Research on the Conflict Characteristics and Conflict-Handling Behavior in China's Corporate Top Management Teams

In the complex and unstable external environment, enterprises are facing with a lot of challenges and opportunities. Thus, enterprises call for one batch of outstanding top managers come from various professional domains urgently, while the conflict problems in top management teams have become a remarkable issue in business operation: how to analyze conflict characteristics and how to deal with conflict issues effectively are the key points of building a successful top management team. This study was carried out as a descriptive and correlative analysis on the demography of top management teams and conflict-handling behavior in corporate top management teams. In addition, two hypotheses were tested by using partial variance and homogeneity-of-variance analysis. Data for the study were collected through a questionnaire survey of 228 top managers with valid responses. Controlling for age, education level and the team tenure of top managers, we found that there were no correlation among the demographic heterogeneity and conflict-handling behaviors in top management teams.
Novel Borna Virus in Psittacine Birds with Proventricular Dilatation Disease

Pyrosequencing of cDNA from brains of parrots with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), an unexplained fatal inflammatory central, autonomic, and peripheral nervous system disease, showed 2 strains of a novel Borna virus. Real-time PCR confirmed virus presence in brain, proventriculus, and adrenal gland of 3 birds with PDD but not in 4 unaffected birds.
Feeding Behavior Reveals the Adaptive Nature of Plasticity in Barnacle Feeding Limbs

Barnacle feeding limbs are extremely plastic in response to spatial and temporal differences in wave exposure: individuals have long, thin feeding limbs in habitats with little wave action, and short, thick feeding limbs in wave-exposed habitats. This difference in feeding limb morphology is assumed to be adaptive. Individuals with shorter limbs may have the ability to feed in breaking waves because their limbs are better suited to withstanding drag forces than are those of individuals with longer feeding limbs. I tested this hypothesis by observing the feeding behavior of two populations of Balanus glandula (one from a protected shore and one from a wave-exposed shore) subjected to five different water velocities. Differences between populations in the ability to feed with the cirral net fully extended were highly significant. The wave-exposed population fed with the cirral net fully extended at all velocities tested (up to 49 cm/s), whereas full cirral extension ceased between 7.25 and 21.4 cm/s in all individuals from the protected-shore population. Clearly, barnacles possessing long, thin feeding limbs experience a strong disadvantage when feeding in faster flowing water, confirming earlier hypotheses that differences in feeding limb length between protected and wave-exposed shores are adaptive. Acorn barnacles are suspension feeders that extend three pairs of modified thoracic limbs (cirri) into ambient flow to capture plankton and smaller food particles (1). The feeding apparatus of many barnacle species is remarkably plastic with respect to wave exposure (2‐4). In the northeastern Pacific, the common intertidal barnacle Balanus glandula Darwin, 1854, shows the greatest degree of plasticity in feeding leg form. Individuals from wave-protected shores possess feeding limbs nearly twice as long and 25% thinner at the base than conspecifics living on wave-exposed shores (3), and experiments show that this species can alter the length and width of its feeding limbs to suit local flow conditions in one or two molts (2). Because of the functional importance of barnacle feeding limbs, their phenotypic plasticity is assumed to be adaptive—shorter, stouter legs may allow barnacles to feed in high-velocity flow under breaking waves. However, the consequences of possessing differently shaped feeding limbs have not been investigated, and thus the adaptive nature (5) of differences in feeding limb length remains speculative.
Practical application of minimal residual disease assessment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

It is now more than a decade since techniques capable of detecting residual leukaemia at levels at below the threshold of light microscopy (minimal residual disease, MRD) were first described in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (reviewed by Foroni et al, 1999; San Miguel et al, 1999). Initially, it was believed that measurement of MRD would allow much more accurate stratification of relapse risk than conventional prognostic factors such as age, presenting white cell count, leukaemia cytogenetics and morphological assessment of early response to therapy. However, early optimism was dashed by technical flaws in retrospective studies and concerns over clonal stability (Roberts et al, 1996). Gradually, these problems have been overcome by technical innovation and the study of large homogeneous cohorts of patients with prolonged follow-up. Two years ago, this culminated in the publication of three independent prospective studies, each showing that clearance of MRD is an independent prognostic factor in childhood ALL (Cave et al, 1998; Coustan-Smith et al, 1998; van Dongen et al, 1998). Interest in the clinical application of MRD analysis has been rekindled. Several groups, including the German Berlin±Frankfurt±MuÈ nster (BFM) group, are now measuring residual disease in order to stratify therapy. Almost certainly, other collaborative groups will follow this lead. This annotation explores some of the practical issues that must be addressed if the full potential of this technology is to be realized.