Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Dimensional Heterostructures for Optoelectronics: Current Status and Future Perspective

Researchers have found various families of two-dimensional (2D) materials and associated heterostructures through detailed theoretical work and experimental efforts. Such primitive studies provide a framework to investigate novel physical/chemical characteristics and technological aspects from micro to nano and pico scale. Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures can be obtained to enable high-frequency broadband through a sophisticated combination of stacking order, orientation, and interlayer interactions. These heterostructures have been the focus of much recent research due to their potential applications in optoelectronics. Growing the layers of one kind of 2D material over the other, controlling absorption spectra via external bias, and external doping proposes an additional degree of freedom to modulate the properties of such materials. This mini review focuses on current state-of-the-art material design, manufacturing techniques, and strategies to design novel heterostructures. In addition to a discussion of fabrication techniques, it includes a comprehensive analysis of the electrical and optical properties of vdW heterostructures (vdWHs), particularly emphasizing the energy-band alignment. In the following sections, we discuss specific optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photovoltaics, acoustic cavities, and biomedical photodetectors. Furthermore, this also includes a discussion of four different 2D-based photodetector configurations according to their stacking order. Moreover, we discuss the challenges that remain to be addressed in order to realize the full potential of these materials for optoelectronics applications. Finally, as future perspectives, we present some key directions and express our subjective assessment of upcoming trends in the field.
An Architecture for Experiments in Connected and Automated Vehicles

Rapid prototyping of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV) is challenging because of the physical distribution of vehicles. Furthermore, experiments with CAV may be subject to external influences which prevent reproducibility. This article presents an architecture for the experimental testing of CAVs, focusing on decision-making. Our architecture for experiments of CAV is strictly modular and hierarchical, and therefore it supports an easy and rapid exchange of every single controller as well as of optimization libraries. Additionally, the architecture synchronizes the whole network of sensors, computation devices, and actuators. Thus, it achieves deterministic and reproducible results, even for time-variant network topologies. Using this architecture, we can include active and passive vehicles and vehicles with heterogeneous dynamics in the experiments. The architecture also allows for handling communication uncertainties, e.g., data packet drop and time delay. The resulting architecture supports performing different in-the-loop tests and experiments. We demonstrate the architecture in the Cyber-Physical Mobility Lab (CPM Lab) using 20 vehicles on a 1:18 scale. The architecture can be applied to other domains.
Influence of the β‐effect on non‐modal baroclinic instability

We focus on the influence of the β‐effect on the singular modes of baroclinic instability in the Phillips model. An analytical intercomparison between normal and singular modes for the Eady problem on an f‐plane has already been performed, showing that the amplification rate of the singular mode for the kinetic‐energy norm after a dimensional time of three days is about 1.2 times larger than for the normal mode. We show here that, in the presence of the β‐effect, the maximum amplification rate of the singular mode can be 1.5 times larger than for the normal‐mode case. This difference is due to the lesser stabilizing effect of β on the singular modes compared with the normal modes. This result is obtained for the case of equal layer depths which is relevant for the atmospheric situation. For the oceanic situation with unequal layer depths the amplification due to β is further increased leading to a factor of 1.8 in amplification rates between the two types of modes after a dimensional time of about 20 days. This behaviour is explained by the fact that β only intervenes in the anti‐Hermitian part of the linear dynamical operator, the main effect of which is to alter the vertical phase tilt of the perturbations. As a consequence, the structure of the bi‐orthogonal mode becomes more inclined to the vertical in the presence of β while, on the contrary, the structure of the unstable normal mode becomes less inclined.
Neutrino emission from solar models with a metal-depleted core

Capture rates were calculated for the solar neutrino chlorine experiment with models in which heavy elements were removed from the core with a mass fraction q(e) between 10 and 0.32. The reduced central opacity leads to the reduction of the central temperature, and hence to a large reduction of the flux of neutrinos detectable with the chlorine experiment, even when the metal-depleted core has a mass fraction of only 0.05 to 0.1. No physical reason could be provided for the reduction of heavy element content in the core. 14 references.
Factors Influencing the Yield of Progenitor Cells in Bone Marrow Aspiration Concentrate—A Retrospective Analysis of 58 Patients

This study aims to identify the role of subjective factors (age, sex, and comorbidities) and procedure-specific factors (aspiration volume) in influencing the yield of progenitor cells in bone marrow aspiration concentrate (BMAC) harvested from the iliac crest. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 58 patients (male:female = 31:27; mean age: 52.56 ± 18.14 years) who underwent BMAC therapy between January 2020 and June 2021. The factors analyzed include individual factors such as age, sex, and comorbid conditions, and procedural factors such as aspirate volume. The mononuclear cell (MNC) count and colony-forming unit (CFU) assay were used to assess the yield of progenitors in the aspirate. Pearson’s correlation test was performed for the age, aspirate volume, and outcome parameters, such as MNC and CFU. We used the chi-square test to analyze the role of sex and comorbidities on cellular yield. The mean volume of aspirate used for BMAC therapy was 66.65 (±17.82) mL. The mean MNC count of the BMAC was 19.94 (±16.34) × 106 cells, which formed 11 (±12) CFUs. Evidence of statistically significant positive associations was noted between the CFUs developed from the BMAC and the MNC count within them (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). The sex of the individual did not play any significant role in MNC count (p = 0.092) or CFUs formed (p = 0.448). The age of the individual showed evidence of a statistically significant negative association with the MNC count (r = −0.681, p < 0.001) and CFUs (r = −0.693, p < 0.001), as did the aspiration volume with the MNC count (r = −0.740, p < 0.001) and CFUs (r = −0.629, p < 0.001). We also noted a significant reduction in the MNC count (p = 0.002) and CFUs formed (p = 0.004) when the patients presented comorbidities. Individual factors such as age, comorbid conditions, and procedure factors such as aspirate volume significantly affected the yield of progenitor cells in the BMAC. The sex of the individual did not influence the yield of progenitor cells in BMAC.
Joint Impact of Diversity in Functional Duties, Separation in Institutional Values and Economic Discrepancy on Organizational Conflicts

The purpose of this research is to examine how complex organizations function in conflict circumstances. This research aims to explain how a project firm, a collection of firms that work to accomplish a goal, maintains its associations with the partners who make up the organization and with external stakeholders. In analyzing these complex organizations, the authors create a theory that explains how and why basic traits, such as conflict, influence the potential for success, as well as how and why their composition and governance differ for enterprises with partners. To answer these concerns, the study used a dataset from 2009 to 2019 that included about 3000 project groups with more than 100,000 partners operating in 135 countries. Therefore, this study presents a contingency theory of project organization governance by performing an empirical analysis of the project firm on a size and scale not before studied in project management research. This study explores three forms of diversity: functional duties, separation of institutional values, and economic inequality, in order to identify how each type promotes conflict between project participants and external stakeholders. In addition, this research indicates that teamwork between diverse persons may minimize competition. This paper proposes a contingency theory of project organization governance by addressing the absorption of resources and connections that cause conflict and affect the project organization's performance.
Technical skills in complex tennis situations: Dutch talented players U15 compared to players U17

Introduction Technical skills in complex situations appear crucial for progress towards elite tennis performance. However, it is unknown how these skills develop in different age categories in a group of talented youth players. The aim of this study is to evaluate possible differences in technical skills among Dutch talented youth tennis players U15 compared to U17. Methods A total of 19 players (12 males, 7 females; age 14.6 ± 1.4 years) were tested on ball speed, accuracy, percentage errors and spin rate using the on-court Dutch Technical-Tactical Tennis Test. With a ball machine, four games were simulated which were either fixed (game 1 and game 2) or variable (game 3 and game 4), depending on the complexity of the task. Each game consisted of two offensive, two neutral and two defensive rallies, representing different tactical situations. Results A two-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant interaction between the effects of age category and sex for ball speed (F(1,15) = 5.472, p = 0.034, η2 = 0.267), indicating that males U17 produced higher ball speed compared to males U15, whereas no differences were found between females U15 and U17. A one-way ANCOVA showed that, regardless of sex, players U17 scored significantly higher on accuracy than players U15 (F(1,16) = 5.021, p = 0.040, η2 = 0.239). No differences were found between players U15 and U17 for spin rate and percentage errors (p > .05), although there was a medium to large effect size for males U17 to produce higher spin rates compared to males U15. A closer examination of accuracy revealed that players U17 scored significantly higher compared to players U15 in game 4 (F(1,17) = 6.358, p = . 022, η2 = . 272) and in defensive situations (F(1,17) = 9.602, p = . 007, η2 = . 361). Discussion In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that technical skills, especially ball speed for males and accuracy in complex situations for both males and females, continue to develop in adolescence in talented tennis players. There is an increased understanding about underlying technical skills that contribute to progress towards elite tennis performance. To effectively develop technical skills, coaches are encouraged to design specific practices where these skills are performed in complex situations under high cognitive and temporal pressure.
Singular stochastic Volterra integral equations with Mittag–Leffler kernels: well-posedness and strong convergence of θ-Maruyama method

This paper focusses on the singular stochastic Volterra integral equations with Mittag–Leffler kernels. Some qualitative properties of the solution are given under local Lipschitz condition, which include uniqueness and existence, boundedness of pth moments, Hölder continuity and continuous dependence on the initial value. The θ-Maruyama method is proposed for solving the equations. The strong convergence results of this method are obtained under global Lipschitz condition and local Lipschitz condition, respectively. Some numerical examples are given to verify the theoretical results.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Cr and BUN Using the ABL90 FLEX PLUS Blood Gas Analyzer and the Equivalence of Candidate Specimens for Assessment of Renal Function

Background: The ABL90 FLEX PLUS (Radiometer) is a blood gas analyzer that also provides creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) results. We assessed the accuracy of the ABL90 FLEX PLUS to measure Cr and BUN and find suitable candidate specimens against primary specimens (heparinized whole-blood (H-WB)). Methods: Paired H-WB, serum, and sodium-citrated whole-blood (C-WB) samples (105) were collected. The Cr and BUN levels in the H-WB using the ABL90 FLEX PLUS were compared with those of the serum using four automated chemistry analyzers. The suitability of the candidate specimens was assessed at each medical decision level according to the CLSI guideline EP35-ED1. Results: The respective mean differences of the ABL90 FLEX PLUS for the Cr and BUN were below −0.10 and −3.51 mg/dL compared to the other analyzers. The systematic differences between the serum and the H-WB at the low, medium, and high medical decision levels were all 0% for Cr, but those of the C-WB were −12.96%, −11.81%, and −11.30%, respectively. Regarding imprecision, the SDserum/SDH-WB ratios at each level were 0.14, 1.41, and 0.68, whereas the SDC-WB/SDH-WB ratios were 0.35, 2.00, and 0.73, respectively. Conclusions: The ABL90 FLEX PLUS provided Cr and BUN results comparable with the four widely used analyzers. Among the candidates, the serum was suitable for Cr testing using the ABL90 FLEX PLUS, while the C-WB did not satisfy the acceptance criteria.
Joint Sparse Autoencoder Based Massive MIMO CSI Feedback

In frequency division duplex (FDD) based massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the channel state information (CSI) feedback overhead could degrade spectrum and energy efficiency. Many works have made great progress in efficient feedback. However, previous deep learning (DL)-based CSI feedback schemes considered downlink CSI only, or exploited uplink CSI in a simple way. In this letter, we propose a neural network to compress and accurately recover downlink CSI, based on FDD angle and delay reciprocity between bi-directional channels. We design a joint sparse autoencoder to learn sparse transform for compression, and introduce auxiliary uplink CSI in an explainable approach. Numerical results demonstrate that our structure can improve the reconstruction quality compared with downlink-only structure.
Comparing polymer optical fiber, fiber Bragg grating, and traditional strain gauge for aircraft structural health monitoring

Systems for structural health monitoring in aeronautical structures use methods of measuring the elongation that normally require too heavy setups or difficult assembly jobs, such as those based on traditional strain gauges. Alternative methods based on fiber Bragg gratings tend to be very expensive. We analyze the possibility of improving the existing designs with the aid of low-cost plastic optical fiber sensors. For this purpose we test these sensors in a rudder flap subjected to different types of bending forces. The results show that they offer good stability and repeatability, and the measured values are very similar to those obtained with Bragg sensors.
Species Composition and Structure of Beetle Associations in Caves of the Częstochowa Upland, Poland

This paper presents the study’s results on beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) inhabiting caves in the Częstochowa Upland, southern Poland. During two years of research, 2084 specimens, representing 105 species from 19 beetle families, were collected. The obtained results indicate that many beetle species choose to inhabit caves despite lacking specific adaptations for living in such environments. The cave entrance zone is the most attractive place for surface species to inhabit because its climatic conditions are more stable than outside the cave, some sunlight is present, and the availability of organic matter is high. In the deeper parts of the studied caves, the number of occurring species rapidly decreased. Three species were recognised as troglobionts, four as troglophiles and 32 as subtroglophiles. Speonomus normandi hydrophilus, Choleva lederiana gracilenta and Quedius mesomelinus mesomelinus were identified as the most frequent in the studied caves. Speonomus normandi hydrophilus is endemic to the Arize massif in the Central Pyrenees (France) and was experimentally introduced into the Dzwonnica cave (Poland) in 1982, while Ch. lederiana gracilenta is one of two troglobitic beetles native to Polish caves and Q. imesomelinus mesomelinus is a widespread, very common troglophile.
Internal solitons on the pycnocline: generation, propagation, and shoaling and breaking over a slope

In Part 1 a study is made of the internal solitary wave on the pycnocline of a continuously stratified fluid. A Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation for the ‘interfacial’ displacement is developed following Benney's method for long nonlinear waves. Experiments were conducted in a long wave tank with the pycnocline at several different depths below the free surface, while keeping the total depth approximately constant. A step-like pool of light water, trapped behind a sliding gate, served as the initial disturbance condition. The number of solitons generated was verified to satisfy the prediction of inverse-scattering theory. The fully developed soliton was found to satisfy the KdV theory for all ratios of upper-layer thickness to total depth. In Part 2 of this study we investigate experimentally the evolution and breaking of an internal solitary wave as it shoals on a sloping bottom connecting the deeper region where the waves were generated to a shallower shelf region. It is found through quantitative measurements that the onset of wave-breaking was governed by shear instability, which was initiated when the local gradient Richardson number became less than ¼. The internal solitary wave of depression was found to steepen at the back of the wave before breaking, in contrast with waves of elevation. Two slopes were used, with ratios 1:16 and 1:9, and the fluid was a Boussinesq fluid with weak stratification using brine solutions.
A FINITENESS RESULT FOR ATTACHED PRIMES OF ARTINIAN LOCAL COHOMOLOGY MODULES

Let (R, 𝔪) be a Noetherian local ring. For an integer s ≥ -1 and an Artinian R-module A, we introduce the notion of A-cosequence in dimension > s and show that the set of all attached primes satisfying dim(R/𝔭) ≥ s is a finite set whenever (x1, …, xk) is an A-cosequence in dimension > s. As an application, we give a finiteness result for attached primes of certain Artinian local cohomology modules of a finitely generated R-module.
VITAMIN C AND CRANBERRY EXTRACT EFFERVESCENT TABLET FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EVALUATION

Background: Effervescent floating tablets are used oral dosage form, to enhance the patient compliance, drug bioavailability and to increase the absorption rate. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), widely used as a preventive agent against urinary tract infections, also suggested for Type II diabetes, myalgic encephalomyelitis, scurvy, and as a diuretic pill for being rich in nutrients and anti-oxidant properties. Objectives: The aim of the study is to formulate and evaluate the effervescent tablets of Cranberry and Vitamin C. Methodology: As per defined criteria of US FDA, effervescent tablet as per composition is formulated by citric acid and sodium bicarbonate and intended to dissolve in water before administration. Active substance and excipient compatibility studies were done by UV and FTIR, resulted absence of any interaction. Pre-formulation studies including Bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s index and water content. Results: Formulations were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, pH of solution, drug dissolution time, content uniformity as defined specification of U.S.P and BP. Stability and storage condition studies were also monitored with average results of 96% drug assay and dissolution. All the results showed excellent formulation of tablet and flow properties of granules. Conclusion: Further studies required to approach targeted and spontaneous release of active as optimized effervescence maybe helpful in delivery of actives and enhancing patient compliance.
Discrimination of Deoxynivalenol Levels of Barley Kernels Using Hyperspectral Imaging in Tandem with Optimized Convolutional Neural Network

Deoxynivalenol (DON) in raw and processed grain poses significant risks to human and animal health. In this study, the feasibility of classifying DON levels in different genetic lines of barley kernels was evaluated using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) (382–1030 nm) in tandem with an optimized convolutional neural network (CNN). Machine learning methods including logistic regression, support vector machine, stochastic gradient descent, K nearest neighbors, random forest, and CNN were respectively used to develop the classification models. Spectral preprocessing methods including wavelet transform and max-min normalization helped to enhance the performance of different models. A simplified CNN model showed better performance than other machine learning models. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) in combination with successive projections algorithm (SPA) was applied to select the best set of characteristic wavelengths. Based on seven wavelengths selected, the optimized CARS-SPA-CNN model distinguished barley grains with low levels of DON (<5 mg/kg) from those with higher levels (5 mg/kg < DON ≤ 14 mg/kg) with an accuracy of 89.41%. The lower levels of DON class I (0.19 mg/kg ≤ DON ≤ 1.25 mg/kg) and class II (1.25 mg/kg < DON ≤ 5 mg/kg) were successfully distinguished based on the optimized CNN model, yielding a precision of 89.81%. The results suggest that HSI in tandem with CNN has great potential for discrimination of DON levels of barley kernels.
PULSED LASER DEPOSITION AND FERROELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BISMUTH TITANATE FILMS

Stoichiometric films of bismuth titanate, Bi4Ti3O12, have been grown for the first time by the technique of pulsed excimer laser deposition. Ferroelectric films were obtained at temperatures as low as 500 °C on Si(100), MgO(110), and Pt‐coated Si(100) substrates. Hysteresis measurements using a Pt‐coated Si sample yielded a saturation polarization value of about 28 μC/cm2, consistent with a randomly oriented titanate film structure. A preliminary metal‐insulator‐semiconductor sandwich structure of the form Bi4Ti3O12‐CaF2(100 A)‐Si was grown and used to examine polarization induced memory switching effects.
Large-mode-area holey fibers with a few air channels in cladding: modeling and experimental investigation of the modal properties

Large-mode-area (LMA) silica holey fibers (HFs) are investigated both theoretically and experimentally with special attention paid to the effect of a limited number of air channels in the cladding on the main modal characteristics of the fibers. We applied the method of integral equations to model the LMA HF modes, and the results of our calculations are compared with the experimental data obtained for the so-called large-hole–large-spacing silica HFs. The effect of the relative holes’ diameter in the case of a few layers in the cladding on the LMA HF properties is addressed in detail because this parameter basically determines the limits of single-mode waveguide operation and transmission loss of the fabricated LMA HFs.