Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation Patterns of Functional Brain Network in Response to Action Observation-Induced and Non-Induced Motor Imagery of Swallowing: A Pilot Study

Action observation (AO) combined with motor imagery (MI) was verified as more effective in improving limb function than AO or MI alone, while the underlying mechanism of swallowing was ambiguous. The study aimed at exploring the efficacy of AO combined with MI in swallowing. In this study, twelve subjects performed the motor imagery of swallowing (MI-SW) during magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanning, and trials were divided into three groups: the non-induced group (control group, CG), male AO-induced group (M-AIG), and female AO-induced group (F-AIG). We used event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) and phase locking value (PLV) to assess the degree of activation and connectivity of the brain regions during MI-SW in the three groups. The results showed that compared to CG, F-AIG and M-AIG significantly activated more brain regions in the frontoparietal, attention, visual, and cinguloopercular systems. In addition, M-AIG significantly activated the sensorimotor cortex compared to CG and F-AIG. For the brain network, F-AIG and M-AIG increased the diffusion of non-hub hot spots and cold hubs to the bilateral hemispheres which enhanced interhemispheric functional connectivity and information transmission efficiency in the MI-SW task. This study provided supporting evidence that AO induction could enhance the effect of MI-SW and supported the application of AO-induced MI-SW in clinical rehabilitation.
Dark matter halo properties versus local density and cosmic web location

We study the effects of the local environmental density and the cosmic web environment (filaments, walls, and voids) on key properties of dark matter halos using the Bolshoi-Planck LCDM cosmological simulation. The z = 0 simulation is analysed into filaments, walls, and voids using the SpineWeb method and also the VIDE package of tools, both of which use the watershed transform. The key halo properties that we study are the specific mass accretion rate, spin parameter, concentration, prolateness, scale factor of the last major merger, and scale factor when the halo had half of its z = 0 mass. For all these properties, we find that there is no discernible difference between the halo properties in filaments, walls, or voids when compared at the same environmental density. As a result, we conclude that environmental density is the core attribute that affects these properties. This conclusion is in line with recent findings that properties of galaxies in redshift surveys are independent of their cosmic web environment at the same environmental density at z ~ 0. We also find that the local web environment of the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxies near the centre of a cosmic wall does not appear to have any effect on the properties of these galaxies' dark matter halos except for their orientation, although we find that it is rather rare to have such massive halos near the centre of a relatively small cosmic wall.
Breast cancer detection using machine learning approaches: a comparative study

As the cause of the breast cancer disease has not yet clearly identified and a method to prevent its occurrence has not yet been developed, its early detection has a significant role in enhancing survival rate. In fact, artificial intelligent approaches have been playing an important role to enhance the diagnosis process of breast cancer. This work has selected eight classification models that are mostly used to predict breast cancer to be under investigation. These classifiers include single and ensemble classifiers. A trusted dataset has been enhanced by applying five different feature selection methods to pick up only weighted features and to neglect others. Accordingly, a dataset of only 17 features has been developed. Based on our experimental work, three classifiers, multi-layer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM) and stack are competing with each other by attaining high classification accuracy compared to others. However, SVM is ranked on the top by obtaining an accuracy of 97.7% with classification errors of 0.029 false negative (FN) and 0.019 false positive (FP). Therefore, it is noteworthy to mention that SVM is the best classifier and it outperforms even the stack classier.
Modeling the Level of Drinking Water Clarity in Surabaya City Drinking Water Regional Company Using Combined Estimation of Multivariable Fourier Series and Kernel

The purpose of this study is to propose an appropriate model to predict chemical composition during water purification at the Regional Water Company (PDAM) Surabaya, in order to achieve proper drinking water standards. Drinking water treatment is very expensive, so the model serves as a basis for determining the composition of chemicals used in the water purification process at PDAM Surabaya. This study examines a model of the relationship between the level of clarity of drinking water and the composition of the chemicals used. The government can obtain important benefits from the forecasting model to formulate policies for the company. One of the objectives of developing the estimation method involved in this research is to efficiently determine the exact chemical composition resulting from the water purification process, which will inform the financing and control of water quality. We used a multivariable linear approach for some parametric components, a multivariable Fourier Series approach for some nonparametric components, and a multivariable Kernel approach for semiparametric regression. Using the penalized least square (PLS) approach, a mixed estimator of the Fourier and Kernel Series was obtained with semiparametric regression. The smoothing parameters were selected using a common cross-validation technique (GCV). The performance of this technique was evaluated using the Gaussian Kernel and Fourier Series with data trends in the drinking water clarity level obtained from PDAM Surabaya. The findings showed that this technique performed well, so we recommend that the government conduct an in-depth analysis to determine correct chemical composition so that the cost of water treatment can be minimized.
Analysis of MicroRNA Regulation and Gene Expression Variability in Single Cell Data

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNAs, and thus reduce target gene expression levels and expression variability, also known as ‘noise’. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has been used to study miRNA and mRNA expression in single cells. To evaluate scRNA-seq as a tool for investigating miRNA regulation, we analyzed datasets with both mRNA and miRNA expression in single-cell format. We found that miRNAs slightly reduce the expression noise of target genes; however, this effect is easily masked by strong technical noise from scRNA-seq. We suggest improvements aimed at reducing technical noise, which can be implemented in experimental design and computational analysis prior to running scRNA-seq. Our study provides useful guidelines for experiments that evaluate the effect of miRNAs on mRNA expression from scRNA-seq.
Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions

The main phenological stages (budburst, flowering, veraison, and ripeness) of 53 Spanish minority varieties were studied to determine their potential to help winegrowers adapt to climate change conditions. In total, 43 varieties were studied in the same location in Spain (Alcalá de Henares, in the Madrid region) and 10 varieties in 5 other regions (Galicia, Navarre, Catalonia, Extremadura, and Andalusia). Other traits of agronomic and oenological interest, such as yield and acidity, were also monitored. The results allow for the grouping of the varieties into several clusters according to the time of ripeness (very early—only for red varieties—and early, intermediate, and late, for both red and white varieties) and yield (high, medium, and low). The total acidity in the grape juice ranged from 3 to 11 g of tartaric acid/L. The average temperatures were higher (up to 3–4 °C during summer) compared to historical averages during the 1957–2021 time period. Advanced phenology phases and reduced acidity are regarded as negative effects of climate change for winegrowing practices. Since some minority varieties showed late or intermediate ripening, high acidity, and high (1 Kg/shoot) or medium (0.5 Kg/shoot) yield, our findings suggest that they may be cultivated in the coming years by winegrowers as an approach to mitigate climate change effects.
Factors Affecting Shark Detection from Drone Patrols in Southeast Queensland, Eastern Australia

Simple Summary Drones offer the potential for monitoring sharks at beaches to improve public safety. It is necessary to investigate their effectiveness at detecting sharks in conditions specific to Southeast Queensland, because they have not previously been used in this capacity in this region. The Queensland SharkSmart drone trial ran for 12 months at five beaches, in 2020–2021. The trial ran 3369 flights and sighted 174 sharks (including 48 large sharks over 2 m in length). Sharks were sighted on 3% of flights on average, with North Stradbroke Island having the highest shark sighting rate. We found that location, the sighting of other marine life, season and time of day all had an important impact on the likelihood of sighting a shark from the drones. Overall, we demonstrated that drones could operate across a range of weather conditions and detect sharks effectively. Additionally, the drones provided extra safety benefits because they were used to identify swimmers caught in rip currents and locate missing persons. This research highlights the broad value of drones as a public safety tool at beaches, and the results of this study will help refine the operation of drones to further improve their effectiveness in the future. Abstract Drones enable the monitoring for sharks in real-time, enhancing the safety of ocean users with minimal impact on marine life. Yet, the effectiveness of drones for detecting sharks (especially potentially dangerous sharks; i.e., white shark, tiger shark, bull shark) has not yet been tested at Queensland beaches. To determine effectiveness, it is necessary to understand how environmental and operational factors affect the ability of drones to detect sharks. To assess this, we utilised data from the Queensland SharkSmart drone trial, which operated at five southeast Queensland beaches for 12 months in 2020–2021. The trial conducted 3369 flights, covering 1348 km and sighting 174 sharks (48 of which were >2 m in length). Of these, eight bull sharks and one white shark were detected, leading to four beach evacuations. The shark sighting rate was 3% when averaged across all beaches, with North Stradbroke Island (NSI) having the highest sighting rate (17.9%) and Coolum North the lowest (0%). Drone pilots were able to differentiate between key shark species, including white, bull and whaler sharks, and estimate total length of the sharks. Statistical analysis indicated that location, the sighting of other fauna, season and flight number (proxy for time of day) influenced the probability of sighting sharks.
Intensity Mapping in the Presence of Foregrounds and Correlated Continuum Emission

Intensity mapping has attracted significant interest as an approach to measuring the properties of the interstellar medium in typical galaxies at high redshift. Intensity mapping measures the statistics of surface brightness as a function of frequency, making it sensitive to not only all line emission of interest but also radiation from all other sources. Significant effort has gone into developing approaches that reject foreground contamination. Additionally, the target galaxies have multiple sources of emission that can complicate the interpretation of the line brightness. We describe the problem of jointly estimating correlated continuum emission and cleaning uncorrelated continuum emission, such as from the Milky Way. We apply these considerations to a cross-correlation of Planck data with BOSS quasars for a determination of [C ii] for . Intensity mapping surveys with few bands have unique challenges for treating foregrounds and avoiding bias from correlated continuum emission. We show how a future intensity mapping survey with many bands can separate line from continuum emission in cross-correlation.
Ultraviolet Flux Decrease Under a Grand Minimum from IUE Short-wavelength Observation of Solar Analogs

We have identified a sample of 33 Sun-like stars observed by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) with the short-wavelength spectrographs that have ground-based detections of chromospheric Ca ii H+K activity. Our objective is to determine if these observations can provide an estimate of the decrease in ultraviolet (UV) surface flux associated with a transition from a normal stellar cycle to a grand-minimum state. The activity detections, corrected to solar metallicity, span the range , and eight stars have log . The IUE-observed flux spectra are integrated over the wavelength range 1250–1910 Å, transformed to surface fluxes, and then normalized to solar B − V. These normalized surface fluxes show a strong linear relationship with activity (R2 = 0.857 after three outliers are omitted). From this linear regression we estimate a range in UV flux of 9.3% over solar cycle 22 and a reduction of 6.9% below solar cycle minimum under a grand minimum. The 95% confidence interval in this grand-minimum estimate is 5.5%–8.4%. An alternative estimate is provided by the IUE observations of τ Cet (HD 10700), a star having strong evidence of being in a grand-minimum state, and this star’s normalized surface flux is 23.0 ± 5.7% lower than solar cycle minimum.
A Systematic Study of X-Ray Flares from Low-Mass Young Stellar Objects in the $\rho$ Ophiuchi Star-Forming Region with Chandra

We report on the results of a systematic study of X-ray flares from low-mass young stellar objects, using two deep exposure Chandra observations of the main region of the ρ Ophiuchi star-forming cloud. From 195 X-ray sources, including class I-III sources and some young brown dwarfs, we detected a total of 71 X-ray flares. Most of the flares have the typical profile of solar and stellar flares, fast rise and slow decay, while some bright flares show unusually long rise timescales. We derived the time-averaged temperature (� kT � ), luminosity (� LX� ), rise and decay timescales (τr and τd) of the flares, finding that (1) class I-II sources tend to have a highkT � , which sometimes exceeds 5keV, (2) the distribution ofLXduring flares is nearly the same for all classes from ∼10 29.5 to ∼10 31.5 ergs −1 , although there is a marginal hint of a higherLXdistribution for class I than class II-III, and (3) positive and negative log-linear correlations are found between τr and τd ,a ndkTand τr. In order to explain these relations, we used the framework of magnetic reconnection model with heat conduction and chromospheric evaporation to formulate the observational parameters (τr, τd ,a ndkT� ) as a function of the pre-flare (coronal) electronic density (nc), the half-length of the reconnected magnetic loop (L), and magnetic field strength (B). The observed correlations are well reproduced if loop lengths are nearly the same for all classes, regardless of the existence of an accretion disk. The estimated loop length is almost comparable to the typical stellar radius of these objects (10 10 -10 11 cm), which indicates that the observed flares are triggered by solar-type loops, rather than larger ones (∼ 10 12 cm) connecting the star with its inner accretion disk. The higherkTobserved for class I sources may be explained by a slightly higher magnetic field strength (≈ 500G) than for class II-III sources (200-300G).
Multiband Optical Polarimetry of the BL Lacertae Object PKS 2155–304: Intranight and Long-Term Variability

The polarized and total flux of the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 were monitored intensively and simultaneously in the optical UBVRI bands with the Turin photopolarimeter at the CASLEO 2.15 m telescope during four campaigns in 1998 June, August, and November and 1999 August. The effective observation time amounted to ∼47 hr. PKS 2155-304 showed a linear polarization percentage (P) usually ranging between 3% and 7% and a polarization position angle (P.A.) mainly between 70° and 120°. The highest temporal resolution of our observations, 15 minutes, is unprecedented for polarimetric monitoring of this source and has allowed us to detect amplitude variations of the linear polarization percentage from 6% to 7.5% in timescales of hours. In some nights the polarization percentage seems to increase toward shorter wavelengths; however, the polarized spectrum does not vary significantly with time. The most remarkable variability event occurred on 1998 June 18, when the degree of linear polarization decreased by more than a factor 2 in 1 day in all bands, while the P.A. rotated by 90°. This is consistent with the presence of two emission components, of different polarization degree and position angle. Intranight variability of P and P.A. can be interpreted with small-amplitude physical or geometrical changes within the jet. Measurements of the circular polarization over time intervals of days set upper limits of 0.2%. Simultaneous photometry taken with the Turin Photopolarimeter and with a CCD camera at Córdoba Astronomical Observatory did not show light variations correlated with those of the linearly polarized flux.
Sistem Antrian Generik Menggunakan Model Single Channel Single Phase

Kebutuhan terhadap sistem antrian pada saat ini menjadi hal yang dinilai penting. Studi literatur yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa sistem antrian yang dikembangkan bersifat spesifik untuk satu proses atau instansi tertentu saja. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan mengembangkan sistem antrian yang dapat digunakan oleh siapapun dengan struktur antrian single-channel single-phase. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan design science research. Rancangan sistem antrian telah dibangun menjadi sebuah aplikasi berbasis website dengan nama tabarun.com. Kelebihan dari sistem ini yang juga menjadi kontribusi dalam penelitian adalah sistem antrian ini dapat digunakan oleh siapapun, antar pengguna sistem dapat menjadi follower/following dengan pengguna lainnya. Evaluasi pada sistem ini telah dilakukan black box yang memberikan hasil pengujian valid pada semua proses pengujian yang dilakukan. Selain itu juga dilakukan user acceptance test pada aspek aksesibilitas, aspek fungsional, dan aspek komunikasi visual. Secara keseluruhan, hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem telah diterima dengan baik oleh pengguna.
A new approach for measuring power spectra and reconstructing time series in active galactic nuclei

We provide a new approach to measure power spectra and reconstruct time series in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on the fact that the Fourier transform of AGN stochastic variations is a series of complex Gaussian random variables. The approach parameterizes a stochastic series in frequency domain and transforms it back to time domain to fit the observed data. The parameters and their uncertainties are derived in a Bayesian framework, which also allows us to compare the relative merits of different power spectral density models. The well-developed fast Fourier transform algorithm together with parallel computation enable an acceptable time complexity for the approach.
Non-Thermal Plasma Technology for CO2 Conversion—An Overview of the Most Relevant Experimental Results and Kinetic Models

Global warming, along with increasing global energy demands, has led to the need for a sustainable and low-carbon-based energy economy. In addition to renewable energy technologies, such as biomass, solar, hydro, and wind, another possible strategy to mitigate climate change is the capture/conversion and recycling of CO2. In recent years, many methods for both CO2 capture (mainly adsorption, absorption, and membrane) and conversion (many electrolysis, catalyst, and plasma) have been investigated. Conversion technology is less studied but seems to be very promising. Within that, non-thermal plasma technology has received much interest because it works at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure, and there is no need for high temperature and high electricity consumption, which are typical of the catalyst and electrolysis conversion processes, respectively. Therefore, in order to optimize this emerging technology, simulative kinetic models have been developed with the aim of maximizing both energy efficiency and CO2 conversion. In the present paper, an overview of the most common non-thermal plasma technologies was carried out to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then, an overview of the most significant kinetic models available in literature was carried out to point out the main reactions occurring during CO2 conversion and also the parameters that most affect the performance of a plasma reactor during CO2 conversion. Then, a brief recap of the literature available on economic studies of the plasma process is given.
Rank one and finite rank perturbations - survey and open problems

We survey the relationships of rank one self-adjoint and unitary perturbations as well as finite rank unitary perturbations with various branches of analysis and mathematical physics. We include the case of non-inner characteristic operator functions. For rank one perturbations and non-inner characteristic functions, we prove a representation formula for the adjoint of the Clark operator. Throughout we mention many open problems at varying levels of difficulty.
Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Is Involved in Mitochondrial Damage, Defective Mitophagy, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Induced by MSU Crystals

Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has great impacts on MSU crystal-induced inflammation. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission is closely associated with mitochondrial ROS levels. However, whether Drp1 signaling contributes to MSU crystal-induced inflammation remains unclear. Mice bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were primed with LPS and then stimulated with MSU suspensions for 12 h. The protein levels associated with mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and mitophagy were detected by Western blot. BMDMs were loaded with MitoTracker Green probe to detect mitochondrial morphology. To measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total ROS levels, cells were loaded, respectively, with MitoSOX and DHE probes. The effects of Mito-TEMPO, an antioxidant that targets the mitochondria or DRP1 inhibitor (Mdivi-1) on MSU crystal-induced peritonitis and arthritis mouse models, were evaluated. Our study revealed that MSU crystal stimulation resulted in elevation of mitochondrial fragmentation of BMDMs. Treatment with Mito-TEMPO or Drp1 knockdown significantly ameliorated the mitochondrial damage induced by MSU crystals. BMDMs exposure to MSU crystals increased the expression of auto/mitophagy marker proteins and promoted the fusion of mitophagosomes with lysosomes, leading to accumulation of mitolysosomes. Drp1 knockdown alleviated defective mitophagy and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in MSU crystal-treated BMDMs. This study indicates that there is crosstalk between mitochondrial ROS and Drp1 signaling in MSU crystal-induced inflammation. Drp1 signaling is involved in MSU crystal-induced mitochondrial damage, impaired mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.