Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Natural Analog for a Fractured and Faulted Reservoir in Dolomite: Triassic Sella Group, Northern Italy

We have used outcrops of dolomite exposed in the Triassic Sella Group of the Italian Central Dolomites as an analog for subsurface low-porosity faulted and fractured dolomite reservoirs. The Sella Group was mildly deformed at shallow burial depth (21,000 m) in a tectonic strike-slip regime during the Eocene-Miocene Alpine compression that caused the formation of joints and strike-slip faults. Because the matrix porosity in the dolomites is low (<5%) and poorly connected, joints and faults are essential to connect vugs and to provide permeability. Field observations of the Sella Group explain why many dolomite reservoirs and aquifers in strike-slip/compressive tectonic regimes are intensely jointed when they are mildly deformed. In this type of tectonic regime, in fact, pervasive jointing over a wide area accommodates small strains and is strictly associated with the formation of strike-slip faults. Our observations allow us to recognize different kinds of fault architectures that correspond to different stages of fault development. In addition, theoretical models and microscopic observations were used to estimate the petrophysical properties of the faulted and jointed dolomite. Small-offset faults (offsets up to 30 mm), characterized by en echelon arrays of joints and pockets or seams of breccia up to 10 mm wide, form areas of high permeability (100-3000 md) due to the presence of many joints and high-porosity breccia. Faults with 1-10 m offsets, characterized by a breccia zone (1-2 m in width) and associated with high joint density in the wall-rock, contain high-porosity (10%) breccia and represent areas of preferred fluid flow. Large-offset faults with offsets more than 10 m contain a wide zone of low-porosity (<1%) breccia and form potential permeability barriers. The areas adjacent to the intermediate- and large-offset faults have high permeability (100-3000 md) because of high joint densities. An important implication of the way faults develop in dolomite is the consistent relationship between the orientation of joints and faults: the fault's strikes differ 15-35° from the strikes of the pervasive joint systems. Joint density also increases four to five times in the proximity of the faults. Such relationships can be used to predict the distribution and orientation of joints and faults in subsurface dolomite reservoirs.
Longitudinal Three-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetric Growth Analysis in Infants with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate from 3 to 12 Months of Age

This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate facial growth and soft tissue changes in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CUCLAP) at ages 3, 9, and 12 months. Using 3D images of 22 CUCLAP infants, average faces and distance maps for the entire face and specific regions were created. Color-coded maps highlighted more significant soft tissue changes from 3 to 9 months than from 9 to 12 months. The first interval showed substantial growth in the entire face, particularly in the forehead, eyes, lower lip, chin, and cheeks (p < 0.001), while the second interval exhibited no significant growth. This study provides insights into facial soft tissue growth in CUCLAP infants during critical developmental stages, emphasizing substantial improvements between 3 and 9 months, mainly in the chin, lower lip, and forehead. However, uneven growth occurred in the upper lip, philtrum, and nostrils throughout both intervals, with an overall decline in growth from 9 to 12 months. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of soft tissue growth in CUCLAP patients, highlighting the need to consider these patterns in treatment planning. Future research should explore the underlying factors and develop customized treatment interventions for enhanced facial aesthetics and function in this population.
An Archean porphyry-type disseminated copper deposit, Timmins, Ontario

A disseminated copper deposit occurs in a lens of Archean felsic schist of probable volcanic origin in the Timmins area of northeastern Ontario. The Cu-Mo-Au mineralization, alteration, and alteration-mineralization zoning are comparable in some respects to characteristic features of younger porphyry copper deposits. However, structural, petrographic, and geochemical data suggest that the deposit, as it now exists, may not have evolved in a manner similar to most porphyry copper deposits. The host felsic schist was emplaced during early Archean volcanism, suffered two periods of deformation, and was then altered and mineralized probably during the late Archean. The porphyroidal character, present only in certain parts of the schist, was not a primary feature of the host rock but resulted from metasomatism accompanied by mineralization occurring either during or after the final stage of deformation. The timing of the mineralization-alteration event with respect to host rock emplacement differs from that in many porphyry systems. In addition, the host rock is probably volcanic rather than intrusive and was not the source of the metasomatising fluids. No intrusive source can be identified.
Noise analysis using a multicomponent surface seismic test spread

In November 1989, Unocal Science and Technology acquired a multicomponent seismic test spread in the South Casper Creek Field in Wyoming. These data were donated to the Reservoir Characterization Project (RCP) at the Colorado School of Mines for analysis. Even though these data were acquired after CSM’s 3-D, 3-C job, they are still of value due to their unique acquisition geometries and the complications associated with the shear‐wave portion of CSM’s data. The simplified multicomponent seismic test spread has allowed for a better understanding of the potential problems that may be encountered while acquiring and processing 3-D multicomponent data. This is potentially valuable information because recent horizontal drilling programs have shown that shear‐wave data is a dependable tool for determining fracture intensity and reservoir compartmentalization.
Crustal images from San Juan, Argentina, obtained using high frequency local event receiver functions

Images of the crust and upper mantle obtained using teleseismic receiver functions exhibit a weak P‐S conversion from the Moho in Western Argentina, where a segment of the subducting Nazca plate flattens out beneath the overriding South American plate. To better estimate depth to the Moho and search for mid‐crustal impedance contrasts, we calculate high frequency receiver functions using 37 intermediate‐depth local earthquakes. Radial receiver functions from a station located near San Juan, Argentina, show a strong signal from the Moho at 7 seconds corresponding to a depth near 50 km, and conversions from interfaces within the crust at depths of ∼20 and 35 km. The higher frequency results obtained using local events have twice the vertical resolution of the teleseismic results and the combined data sets indicate a gradational increase in S velocity in the lower crust that cannot be detected in the lower frequency teleseismic data alone.
Certificateless Dynamic Data Sharing Scheme With File Recommendation and Integrity Auditing Functions in Cloud–Fog Environment

In the fog assisted cloud storage environment, data owners can share data efficiently and conveniently. It solves the network congestion problem in the traditional cloud centric sharing mode. In recent research work, Tian et al. proposed an identity-based cloud–fog data sharing scheme [Computers & Security, 105(2021), ID: 102245]. This scheme proposes the concept of “valid auditing” for the storage of cloud–fog data for the first time, and improves the efficiency of auditing in the data sharing process based on user behavior prediction. However, carefully study their scheme, it was found that the data sharing scheme has an audit vulnerability: the cloud server does not need to store the original data after observing system parameters, but can still return a proof that can pass the verification of the auditor. Therefore, in this article, the security analysis of Tian et al.’s work is first presented. Meanwhile, to avoid key escrow attack in identity-based data sharing mechanisms, this article proposes a certificateless scheme. In addition, our proposed scheme also supports efficient dynamic updates and privacy protection against the third-party auditor. More importantly, this article adopts a data file recommendation algorithm that is more suitable for cloud–fog environments and has higher accuracy than the scheme of Tian et al. Finally, behavior analysis and security analysis indicate that the proposed scheme has high efficiency and good security and is suitable for convenient data sharing in cloud–fog environment.
On aggregation errors in atmospheric transport inversions

This paper explores the consequences of resolution of surface fluxes on synthesis inversions of carbon dioxide. Synthesis inversion divides the Earth's surface into a set of regions and solves for the magnitudes of fluxes from these regions. The regions are generally quite large. By considering an inversion performed at the resolution of the underlying transport model we show that the aggregation to large regions can cause significant differences in the final results, with errors of the same order of magnitude as the fluxes themselves. Using a simple model, we derive an algorithm to reduce this error. This algorithm accounts for the extra data uncertainty that is caused by uncertainty in the small-scale flux components. In the spatial synthesis inversion this extra data uncertainty reaches a maximum value of 3.5 ppmv. Accounting for it can halve the aggregation error. We provide suggestions for dealing with this problem when high-resolution inversions are not feasible.
In a changing climate weakening tropical easterly jet induces more violent tropical storms over the north Indian Ocean

Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) of summer monsoon over the north Indian ocean is weakening in recent years. The absolute easterly shear shows a strong negative correlation (significant at 99.9% level by students' two sided t‐test) with the number of severe storms suggesting that a decrease in easterly shear is favorable for the formation of more severe tropical storms. For the first time in recorded history a category 5 Hurricane formed in June 2007 together with two more severe tropical storms over the north Indian ocean. Thus if the present decreasing trend of TEJ intensity continues there is a strong likelihood of the formation of tropical cyclones of hurricane intensity even during the summer monsoon. Presently these intense systems are known to form only in the pre and post monsoon seasons, when the vertical wind shear is small.
Effect of Glucose Supplementation on Apoptosis in the Pectoralis major of Chickens Raised under Thermoneutral or Heat Stress Environment

Reduced feed intake during heat stress (HS) disrupts glucose homeostasis, thereby resulting in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and triggering apoptosis in chickens. We hypothesize that glucose supplementation could reduce apoptosis in chickens raised under HS. This study comprised 456 28-day-old broiler chickens randomly assigned to four treatment combinations under glucose supplementation and HS. The treatments were TN0, TN6, HS0, and HS6 with two glucose levels (0% and 6%) and two temperature levels (25 °C (thermoneutral-TN) and 35 °C (8.00 AM to 8.00 PM, (HS)). After 7 days post-HS, the blood glucose level for the HS6 group was higher than for TN0, TN6, and HS0. We studied the mRNA expression of genes and caspase-3 activity in the four experimental groups. The expressions of GCN2, ATF4, CHOP, and FOXO3a increased during HS regardless of glucose supplementation, while PERK and MAFbx increased only under HS with glucose supplementation. We show that under TN conditions, glucose supplementation led to a significant increase in cellular apoptosis in the Pectoralis (P.) major. However, under HS with glucose, the level of apoptosis was similar to that of chickens raised under TN conditions with no glucose supplementation. The utility of glucose to curtail apoptosis under HS should be tested under other intense models of HS.
WQIP : An assessment of its chances for acceptance by farmers

ABSTRACT: During the debate surrounding the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 and in the subsequent report of the conference committee, the Water Quality Incentives Program (WQIP) was held as the centerpiece of the 1990 farm bill9s nonpoint source reduction mandate. Using data collected from surveys of 770 farmers with land critical for surface or groundwater quality located in ten diverse counties in the Cornbelt, results of logistic regression of factors influencing farmers9 willingness to participate in the WQIP are presented. Farmer interest in the WQIP is limited and is significantly influenced by farmers9 attitudes toward governmental involvement with wetland regulation, education, tenure status, contact with Natural Resources Conservation Service, and percentage of farm sales derived from specialty crops. The results raise doubts as to whether the WQIP can serve as the “centerpiece” of the USDA9s nonpoint source pollution control efforts.
Identification of subclusters and prognostic genes based on glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background This study aimed to examine glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate their potential roles in HCC progression and immunotherapy response. Methods Data analyzed in this study were collected from GSE14520, GSE76427, GSE174570, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), PXD006512, and GSE149614 datasets, metabolic pathways were collected from MSigDB database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between HCC and controls. Differentially expressed glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related genes (candidate genes) were obtained and consensus clustering was performed based on the expression of candidate genes. Bioinformatics analysis was used to evaluate candidate genes and screen prognostic genes. Finally, the key results were tested in HCC patients. Results Thirteen differentially expressed glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related genes were validated in additional datasets. Consensus clustering analysis identified two distinct patient clusters (C1 and C2) with different prognoses and immune microenvironments. Immune score and tumor purity were significantly higher in C1 than in C2, and CD4+ memory activated T cell, Tfh, Tregs, and macrophage M0 were higher infiltrated in HCC and C1 group. The study also identified five intersecting DEGs from candidate genes in TCGA, GSE14520, and GSE141198 as prognostic genes, which had a protective role in HCC patient prognosis. Compared with the control group, the prognostic genes all showed decreased expression in HCC patients in RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses. Flow cytometry verified the abnormal infiltration level of immune cells in HCC patients. Conclusion Results showed that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related genes were associated with patient prognosis, immune microenvironment, and response to immunotherapy in HCC. It suggests that the model based on five prognostic genes may valuable for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response of HCC patients.
MdAIL5 overexpression promotes apple adventitious shoot regeneration by regulating hormone signaling and activating the expression of shoot development-related genes

Abstract Adventitious shoot (AS) regeneration is a significant factor in the genetic transformation of horticultural plants. It is also a noteworthy approach to their vegetative propagation. AS regeneration remains highly dependent on the genotype or maturity of explants. We here found that the AS regeneration abilities of apple leaves were positively correlated with MdAIL5 expression. MdAIL5 overexpression dramatically increased AS regeneration efficiency. Notably, MdAIL5 overexpression could restore the AS formation ability of explants to a certain extent, which was lost with an increase in maturity. Endogenous hormone detection revealed that MdAIL5 overexpression changed the contents of auxin, cytokinin (CK), and other hormones in apple leaves. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many genes related to auxin, CK, and brassinolide signaling pathways were significantly and differentially expressed between MdAIL5-overexpressing transgenic apple and wild-type apple plants. Yeast one-hybrid assays, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that MdAIL5 directly binds to MdARF9 and MdHB14 promoters and positively affects their expression. We here established a model of MdAIL5 regulating AS formation, which acts as a theoretical basis for facilitating genotype- or explant maturity-independent AS regeneration in the future.
Root Development Monitoring under Different Water Supply Levels in Processing Tomato Plants

Managing crop yields and optimizing water use is a global challenge, as fresh water supply decreases rapidly and demand remains high. Therefore, understanding how plants react to varying water levels is crucial for efficient water usage. This study evaluates how tomato plants adapt to varying water levels (100%, 50% of crop evapotranspiration, and non-irrigated control) over two growing seasons in 2020 and 2021. Root images were captured weekly during an 8-week monitoring period in 2020 and 6 weeks in 2021 using a non-destructive CI-600 in-situ root imager at depths between 10 and 70 cm. Under water stress, plants developed deeper, more extensive root systems to maximize water uptake, consistent with prior research. Root depth and architecture varied with soil depth and the severity of water stress. Year-to-year variations were also found, likely due to changes in irrigation levels and environmental conditions such as temperature. SPAD values were higher under control conditions, especially in the 2021 growing season, suggesting reduced chlorophyll degradation, while no significant differences were observed in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) between treatments, suggesting stable photosynthetic efficiency under varied water stress conditions. These findings contribute to our understanding of root zone optimization and drought-resilient cultivar breeding, contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices.
Coupled ice-ocean dynamics in the marginal ice zones Upwelling/downwelling and eddy generation

This study is aimed at modeling mesoscale processes such as upwelling/downwelling and ice edge eddies in the marginal ice zones. A two-dimensional coupled ice-ocean model is used for the study. The ice model is coupled to the reduced gravity ocean model through interfacial stresses. The parameters of the ocean model were chosen so that the dynamics would be nonlinear. The model was tested by studying the dynamics of upwelling. Winds parallel to the ice edge with the ice on the right produce upwelling because the air-ice momentum flux is much greater than air-ocean momentum flux; thus the Ekman transport is greater under the ice than in the open water. The stability of the upwelling and downwelling jets is discussed. The downwelling jet is found to be far more unstable than the upwelling jet because the upwelling jet is stabilized by the divergence. A constant wind field exerted on a varying ice cover will generate vorticity leading to enhanced upwelling/downwelling regions, i.e., wind-forced vortices. Steepening and strengthening of vortices are provided by the nonlinear terms. When forcing is time-varying, the advection terms will also redistribute the vorticity. The wind reversals will separate the vortices from the ice edge, so that the upwelling enhancements are pushed to the open ocean and the downwelling enhancements are pushed underneath the ice.
Multifractal Properties of Daily Rainfall in Two Different Climates

The multifractal properties of daily rainfall were investigated in two contrasting climates: an east Asian monsoon climate (China) with an extreme rainfall variability and a temperate climate (Sweden) with a moderate rainfall variability. First, daily time series were studied. The results showed that daily rainfall in both climates can be viewed as the result of a multiplicative cascade process for the range 1–32 days. The temporal data exhibited scaling for moments of orders up to 2.5 in the monsoon area and up to 4.0 in the temperate area and showed clear multifractal properties in both climates. Second, daily spatial rainfall distributions were pooled into different rainfall-generating mechanism groups, and each group was analyzed separately. The spatial data for all rainfall mechanisms in the two climates exhibited scaling for moments of orders up to 4.0. The scaling regime was 15–180 km (225–32,400 km2) in the monsoon climate and 7.5–90 km (55–8100 km2) in the temperate climate. A multifractal framework seemed well suited for description of convective-type rainfall in both climates, but its suitability for frontal rainfall in the two regions was less clear. Although the frontal rainfall exhibited scaling, the almost linear τ(q) functions suggested monofractality.
Comparison of nitrogen solute concentrations within alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa) and non‐alder dominated wetlands

This study examined differences in nitrogen solutes and groundwater flow patterns between a riparian wetland dominated by the N2‐fixing shrub, Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, and an upstream coniferous forested riparian wetland along a stream of the Adirondack Mountains, where some surface waters are susceptible to nitrogen excess. Channel water NO3− was up to 16 µmol l−1 greater in the alder reach, with peaks following maxima in groundwater dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). NO3− at 25 cm depth was 30 µmol greater in the alder than in the conifer reach in April, and 24 µmol l−1 greater than channel water and 30 µmol l−1 greater than that of 125 cm groundwater in June. Dissolved organic nitrogen and NH4+ concentrations increased between 25 and 75 cm depths in both wetlands during the growing season. Inorganic nitrogen increased between the hillslope and stream in both wetlands, with the greatest increases in the alder reach during the dormant season. Greatest subsurface DIN (120 µmol l−1) occurred at 75 cm in the alder reach, within 1 m of the stream, between November (120 µmol l−1 NH4+) and a January thaw (60 µmol l−1 each of NH4+ and NO3−). Concentrations of deeper groundwater at 125 cm during this period were lower (10–30 µmol l−1). Lateral flow from the stream channel occurred in the alder reach during the dormant season, and channel water contribution to groundwater was correlated strongly to NO3− at 25 cm. These results indicate that nitrification is stimulated in the presence of alders and oxidized exchange flow, producing NO3− that may contribute to elevated channel water NO3− during periods of peak flow. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal moderator-reflector design of the 24 Hz target station for the High Brilliance Neutron Source

The High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) project develops a high current accelerator driven neutron source (HiCANS), aiming to substitute existing neutron research reactors, that reach the end of life. This study focuses on the thermal neutron moderator design for a low frequency, long pulse target station of HBS. We investigate the neutronic characteristics of the D2O+H2O mixture moderator material using the Monte Carlo particle transport code PHITS. Our findings show that, compared to D2O with lower neutron absorption, confinement of H2O is the dominant factor in achieving a high neutron flux within the moderator and thus a high neutron brightness. We find that surrounding the central thermal water moderator with a D2O+H2O mixture can achieve a better balance between confinement and absorption. However, because of multiple angles of reflecting neutron, this design will also increase the divergence of the neutron beam.