Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contexts for Learning: English Language Learners in a US Middle School

Abstract Within the sociocultural theoretical framework that this paper adopts, learning, including second-language learning, is conceptualised as increasing participation in a community of practice. Thus it becomes of central importance to examine the nature of the community itself and the kinds of participatory opportunities that it supports or discourages. For it is through their engagement in the specific practices of their communities that students appropriate the knowledgeable skills that these practices involve. In this paper, based on the findings of an exploratory ethnographic study conducted in a US middle school, I examine the learning opportunities created for adolescent English language learners in three different classrooms and the ways in which these students took up these opportunities. I argue that, in addition to the particular subject matter to be taught, what appears to shape the kinds of learning opportunities afforded to English language learners is: (a) teachers’ conceptualisation of the needs of second-language students; (b) the ways in which they perceive their own role in responding to these needs; and (c) the larger context of institutional practices.
ARCHITECTURE FOR ENSURING SECURITY REQUIRMENTS IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS

Anonymity has received increasing attention in the literature due to the users’ awareness of their privacy nowadays. Anonymity provides protection for users to enjoy network services without being traced. While anonymity-related issues have been extensively studied in payment-based systems such as e-cash and peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, little effort has been devoted to wireless mesh networks (WMNs). On the other hand, the network authority requires conditional anonymity such that misbehaving entities in the network remain traceable. Here, we propose a security architecture to ensure unconditional anonymity for honest users and traceability of misbehaving users for network authorities in WMNs. [1]The proposed architecture strives to resolve the conflicts between the anonymity and traceability objectives, in addition to guaranteeing fundamental security requirements including authentication, confidentiality, data integrity, and no repudiation. Thorough analysis on security and efficiency is incorporated, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed architecture.
Single Molecule Dynamics Studied by Polarization Modulation.

We observed and made unambiguous distinctions between abrupt photophysical events of single molecules: a rotational jump of a single dipole, a transition to a dark state (reversible and irreversible photobleaching), and a spectral jump. The study was performed in the far field by modulating the excitation polarization and monitoring the fluorescence in time. This technique also allowed us to measure the in-plane dipole orientation of stationary single molecular dipoles with subdegree accuracy and to resolve desorption and readsorption of fluorophores from and onto a glass surface. In one case, clear evidence was obtained for rapid rotation of the dipole after a desorption process. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Investigating the Impact of Code Smells on System's Quality: An Empirical Study on Systems of Different Application Domains

There are various activities that support software maintenance. Program comprehension and detection of design anomalies and their symptoms, like code smells and anti patterns, are particularly relevant for improving the quality and facilitating evolution of a system. In this paper we describe an empirical study on the detection of code smells, aiming at identifying the most frequent smells in systems of different domains and hence the domains characterized by more smells. Moreover, we study possible correlations existing among smells and the values of a set of software quality metrics using Spearman's rank correlation and Principal Component Analysis.
Power Loss, System Efficiency, and Leakage Current Comparison Between Si IGBT VFD and SiC FET VFD With Various Filtering Options

SiC devices are gaining acceptance in the motor drive industry. This paper compares the power loss and efficiency between two options that can be used with SiC-based variable frequency drives (VFDs). In the first option, the SiC VFD is equipped with an output sine-wave filter with carrier frequency at 50 kHz. A dv/dt filter is used for the second option with the carrier frequency reduced to 8 kHz. Both options are compared with a standard Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) VFD operating at a carrier frequency of 8 kHz with no output filter. The focus of this paper is to present different filtering options for SiC VFDs. The dv/dt filter is designed to meet the same specification as that of the standard Si IGBT VFD with no output filter, so as to present a fair comparison between a standard Si IGBT VFD and the next-generation SiC VFD. Results using a 460-V 11-kW system show that the SiC VFD with an output sine-wave filter has a lower efficiency compared with SiC VFD with a dv/dt filter. Influence of the various filtering options on leakage current in the motor drive system has also been studied, and the results are presented in this paper.
Carrying Jeremy Safran into sessions: relying on internal representations of researchers to facilitate emotion regulation, clinical intervention, and self-efficacy

Relying on positive internal representations facilitates our ability to feel safe and secure when taking risks and provides a road map to guide us during interpersonal exchanges. Although most graduate programs encourage students to engage in research, we rarely link participating in research as directly influencing positive internal representations that can influence treatment. We used a qualitative method to examine how watching videos of Jeremy Safran, coding therapy sessions using his model, and reading his articles on ruptures and repairs influenced students’ ability to self-soothe, take risks, and engage when patients confront them or withdraw. Results revealed that students often thought of Jeremy Safran and his colleagues during a session and recalled how he addressed ruptures in the videos they watched. When they were anxious during a session, they reported relying on the video coding training to facilitate emotion regulation during sessions. Having the research experience increased their clinical skills and overall clinical self-efficacy. Implications of our findings and future recommendations are discussed.
Heterogeneous multi-harvester for wireless sensor networks

The majority of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications requires long-term and unattended operation for each wireless sensor node. Scavenging energy from the surrounding environment has become an established technique to match the power demand of the nodes and to overcome the bottlenecks due to the battery-powered devices. In this demonstration we will show a microcontroller-based architecture which can collect energy from light and air-flow by performing high-efficiency conversion (higher than 80%)and maximum power point tracking algorithms. Experimental results obtained from the deployment in a structural health monitoring system in Switzerland have shown that energy neutrality is achievable in real-life scenarios.
ADAPTIVE RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR WIRELESS MULTICAST MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS

Multiple antenna orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is a promissing technique for the high downlink capacity in the next generation wireless systems, in which adaptive resource allocation would be an important research issue that can significantly improve the performance with guaranteed QoS for users. Moreover, most of the current source allocation algorithms are limited to the unicast system. In this paper, dynamic resource allocation is studied for multiple antenna OFDMA based systems which provide multicast service. The performance of multicast system is simulated and compared with that of the unicast system. Numerical results also show that the propossed algorithms improve the system capacity significantly compared with the conventional scheme.
Skill Requirements, Search Frictions, and Wage Inequality

We analyze wage inequality, extending the Burdett and Mortensen (International Economic Review 39 (1998), 257-73) model by incorporating worker heterogeneity through skill requirements. We provide sufficient conditions for existence of an equilibrium where more productive firms offer higher wages. The unique such equilibrium is characterized in a closed form solution. Both within- and between-group inequality are explicitly calculated. We then calibrate the model to explain the joint movement of both within- and between-group inequality in the late 1980s and 1990s, an explanation that has been elusive in the literature so far.
Henri Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis as a form of urban poetics

Lefebvre’s texts on rhythmanalysis are open to a variety of readings. By placing rhythmanalysis in the broader context of Lefebvre's work, the rhythmanalytical project emerges as what I have argued to be an urban poetics. A progressive reading of the different texts Lefebvre wrote on rhythmanalysis shows that, beyond rhythmanalysis’ contribution to the critical theory of urban space and time, the imagination becomes an alternative for the creation of time-spaces in the form of experimental utopias and the creation of lifestyles. Rhythmanalysis can then be understood as a general quest for the appropriation of time and space in the renewal of the possibility of the urban to become a human oeuvre. This chapter will outline the development of Lefebvrian urban poetics through the rhythmanalytical project.
A Patient-Centric Access Control Scheme for Personal Health Records in the Cloud

In this paper, we describe a scheme that enables patients to exercise complete control over their personal health records (PHR) stored in the cloud whilst also maintaining confidentiality of their data. The design goals of the proposed scheme include: (1) confidentiality of health data, (2) integrity of health data, (3) authenticity of health data, (4) patient-centric fine-grained access control, and (5) revocation of access control. To achieve these goals, we primarily utilize techniques such as Conditional Proxy Re-Encryption, the Advanced Encryption Standard, and the RSA cryptosystem. In our proposed scheme, patients can easily authorize access privileges for their PHR data for various users. Furthermore, this scheme also provides flexible key management and an efficient encryption mechanism.
Sumoylation of Sir2 differentially regulates transcriptional silencing in yeast

Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), the founding member of the conserved sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, regulates several physiological processes including genome stability, gene silencing, metabolism and life span in yeast. Within the nucleus, Sir2 is associated with telomere clusters in the nuclear periphery and rDNA in the nucleolus and regulates gene silencing at these genomic sites. How distribution of Sir2 between telomere and rDNA is regulated is not known. Here we show that Sir2 is sumoylated and this modification modulates the intra-nuclear distribution of Sir2. We identify Siz2 as the key SUMO ligase and show that multiple lysines in Sir2 are subject to this sumoylation activity. Mutating K215 alone counteracts the inhibitory effect of Siz2 on telomeric silencing. SUMO modification of Sir2 impairs interaction with Sir4 but not Net1 and, furthermore, SUMO modified Sir2 shows predominant nucleolar localization. Our findings demonstrate that sumoylation of Sir2 modulates distribution between telomeres and rDNA and this is likely to have implications for Sir2 function in other loci as well.
Comparative study of community detection algorithms in social networks.

In recent years, we all became witnesses of an unprecedented revolution in social media as a consequence of the appearance of the first large social networks, which encouraging for the first time individuals to share their thoughts and ideas with the newly formed web society. The underlying community structures of these networks created scientific and business value in such an extent in which to re attract the interest of the academic community on clustering methods pushing the boundaries of community detection methods. Motivated by the recognized void in comparative studies of community detection methods we ended up dealing with an experimental validation and comparison of five state of the art algorithms on a wide range of benchmark graphs demonstrating the necessity to devise local and efficient community detection techniques that perform well under a variety of changing conditions. Presuming on the revealed strengths and weaknesses of these methods we proceeded with an empirical study of the MySpace Online Social Network (OSN). Its purpose was threefold aiming to capture the evolution of user population, to examine user activity, and finally to characterize community formation surrounding seed nodes and utilizing only local interactions between nodes. One million user profiles were randomly collected in a month’s period and stored in a local database for further processing. For each profile certain attributes were fetched: profile status (public, private, invalid), member since and last login dates, number of friends, number of views, etc. The profiles and their attributes were analyzed in order to reveal the evolution in user population and the activity of the participating members. Significant conclusions were drawn for the synthesis of the population based on profile status, the number of friends, and the duration MySpace members stay active. Subsequently, a large number of communities were identified aiming to reveal the structure of the underlying social network graph. The collected data were further analyzed in order to characterize community size and density but also to retrieve correlations in the activity among members of the same community. A total of 171 communities were detected with Fortunato’s algorithm, while using Clique Percolation this number was 201. Results demonstrate that MySpace members tend to form dense communities. For the first time, strong correlation in the last login date (the main attribute that shows user activity) for members of the same community was documented. It was also shown that members participating in the same community have similar values for other attributes like for example number of friends. Lastly, there is strong evidence that participation of users in communities inhibits them from abandoning MySpace. As a last observation, members that abandoned MySpace shortly after their account creation (the so-called Tourists), have very low connectivity and thus they do not participate in communities.
Efficient stereo rendering of large 3D datasets based on binocular suppression

As the demand for stereo 3D content increases in the various fields, many types of devices for displaying stereo contents have been developed such as TVs, laptops, and mobile devices. Thus, efficient rendering methods that can process massive stereo data on those devices are becoming more important as well as reducing a feeling of visual discomfort of the viewer. In this paper, we analyze binocular suppression in an aspect of human visual perception, and present a point-based stereo rendering method to process high-resolution 3D data based on binocular suppression. To reduce visual discomfort which occurs in the process of the stereo rendering, we develop a simplification method by extending spectral sampling. Using the adaptive sampling, we can improve the rendering quality, especially in the visually sensitive areas as well as reducing the size of datasets.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary pancreatic carcinoid tumors: A report of 13 cases from a single institution

The present study aimed to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of 13 cases of pancreatic carcinoid tumors during a 56-year period at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (Tianjin, China). The data from 13 cases, consisting of 5 males and 8 females (mean age, 50 years), were collected and analyzed. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to investigate the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin (CK), chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (Syn) in the tumors. The affected patients suffered abdominal and/or back pain without typical carcinoid syndrome. Radical resection was performed in 10 cases and regional resection in one case. The remaining two patients exhbited remote metastasis, and so were treated with single and double bypass surgery (choledochojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy/choledochojejunostomy, respectively). The expression of CK, Syn, CgA and NSE was positive in nine (69.23%), 10 (76.92%), five (38.46%) and eight (61.54%) cases, respectively. The median survival time was 26.6 months. In conclusion, in patients with pancreatic carcinoid tumors that exhibit no typical carcinoid syndrome, such as those in the present study, the diagnosis can be confirmed by pathological examination and surgery is the most effective treatment.
Application of stepwise regression model in predicting the movement of Artemisia ordosica boring insects.

In this study,sixty-one plots,which were damaged by boring insects in Artemisia ordosica community at different successional stages in Lingwu City and Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,northwestern China,were chosen as the experimental fields.Using a linear stepwise regression analysis method,the authors developed a predictive model to decide the percentage of trees with insects.In this model,population density of Sphenoptera sp. (Family: Buprestidae ),crust type,population density of Holcocerus artemisiae(Family: Cossidae) and the age of A.ordosica were taken as its parameters.Field actual inspection shows that this model performs well and thus it can be used in forest industry.
Membrane Fusion: Grappling with SNARE and SM Proteins

The two universally required components of the intracellular membrane fusion machinery, SNARE and SM (Sec1/Munc18-like) proteins, play complementary roles in fusion. Vesicular and target membrane–localized SNARE proteins zipper up into an α-helical bundle that pulls the two membranes tightly together to exert the force required for fusion. SM proteins, shaped like clasps, bind to trans-SNARE complexes to direct their fusogenic action. Individual fusion reactions are executed by distinct combinations of SNARE and SM proteins to ensure specificity, and are controlled by regulators that embed the SM-SNARE fusion machinery into a physiological context. This regulation is spectacularly apparent in the exquisite speed and precision of synaptic exocytosis, where synaptotagmin (the calcium-ion sensor for fusion) cooperates with complexin (the clamp activator) to control the precisely timed release of neurotransmitters that initiates synaptic transmission and underlies brain function.
No evidence of West Nile virus infection among Polish patients with encephalitis

West Nile virus (WNV) infection usually causes mild febrile illness, but in a small proportion of patients it can lead to encephalitis. Epidemiological studies of WNV indicate fast spread of infection worldwide and in Europe, but there have been no comprehensive studies of WNV infection among encephalitis patients in Poland. Here we present the results of WNV RNA and anti-WNV testing in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in 80 patients with the clinical diagnosis of viral encephalitis. WNV RNA was not detected in any of the analyzed samples. Anti-WNV IgG and IgM were not present in CSF in any of the investigated patients, but anti-WNV IgM were unexpectedly detected in serum of 14 subjects. The latter represented false positive results are probably related to cross reactivity of antibodies. Although there was no evidence of WNV infection in any of our patients, epidemiological situation in the neighbouring countries warrants vigilance and appropriate measures, including introduction of specific diagnostic tools into clinical practice, seem necessary.
Regret Bound by Variation for Online Convex Optimization

In citep{Hazan-2008-extract}, the authors showed that the regret of online linear optimization can be bounded by the total variation of the cost vectors. In this paper, we extend this result to general online convex optimization. We first analyze the limitations of the algorithm in \citep{Hazan-2008-extract} when applied it to online convex optimization. We then present two algorithms for online convex optimization whose regrets are bounded by the variation of cost functions. We finally consider the bandit setting, and present a randomized algorithm for online bandit convex optimization with a variation-based regret bound. We show that the regret bound for online bandit convex optimization is optimal when the variation of cost functions is independent of the number of trials.
Noncommutative Poincare duality for boundary actions of hyperbolic groups

For a large class of word hyperbolic groups G the cross product C^*-algebra arising from the action of G on its Gromov boundary is shown to satisfy Poincare duality in K-theory. This class strictly contains fundamental groups of compact, negatively curved manifolds. The Baum-Connes Conjecture for amenable groupoids is used in a crucial way.
Transformation Rules for Platform Independent Testing: An Empirical Study

Most Model-Driven Development projects focus on model-level functional testing. However, our recent study found an average of 67% additional logic-based test requirements from the code compared to the design model. The fact that full coverage at the design model level does not guarantee full coverage at the code level indicates that there are semantic behaviors in the model that model-based tests might miss, e.g., conditional behaviors that are not explicitly expressed as predicates and therefore not tested by logic-based coverage criteria. Avionics standards require that the structure of safety critical software is covered according to logic-based coverage criteria, including MCDC for the highest safety level. However, the standards also require that each test must be derived from the requirements. This combination makes designing tests hard, time consuming and expensive to design. This paper defines a new model that uses transformation rules to help testers define tests at the platform independent model level. The transformation rules have been applied to six large avionic applications. The results show that the new model reduced the difference between model and code with respect to the number of additional test requirements from an average of 67% to 0% in most cases and less than 1% for all applications.