Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sur la relation d'Élaboration: des approches intuitives aux approches formelles1

ABSTRACT Le but de notre article est d'entreprendre une réflexion générale sur une des relations de discours parmi les plus importantes, la relation dite d’Élaboration. Il s'agit d'un terme technique pour désigner une relation sémantique ou conceptuelle entre des phrases ou propositions. Toutefois, le sens mondain (non technique) qu'elle a a des répercussions sur l'emploi technique. On constate alors que c'est bien souvent ce sens mondain ou courant, à savoir qu'élaborer c'est préparer, réaliser quelque chose, qui intervient dans la reconnaissance ou dans l'analyse des exemples. Notre propos se limitera ainsi à examiner les définitions du type intuitif qu'on a pu donner de la relation d’Élaboration. Chemin faisant, nous aborderons également la définition donnée dans le cadre de la RST de W. C. Mann et S. Thompson pour en arriver à des caractérisations plus formelles. Nous ouvrirons, enfin, des pistes qui donneront lieu ultérieurement à une analyse plus poussée qui nous aidera à comparer la relation d'Élaboration avec d'autres relations discursives.
Toward hardware-redundant, fault-tolerant logic for nanoelectronics

This article provides an overview of several logic redundancy schemes, including von Neumann's multiplexing logic, N-tuple modular redundancy, and interwoven redundant logic. We discuss several important concepts for redundant nanoelectronic system designs based on recent results. First, we use Markov chain models to describe the error-correcting and stationary characteristics of multiple-stage multiplexing systems. Second, we show how to obtain the fundamental error bounds by using bifurcation analysis based on probabilistic models of unreliable gates. Third, we describe the notion of random interwoven redundancy. Finally, we compare the reliabilities of quadded and random interwoven structures by using a simulation-based approach. We observe that the deeper a circuit's logical depth, the more fault-tolerant the circuit tends to be for a fixed number of faults. For a constant gate failure rate, a circuit's reliability tends to reach a stationary state as its logical depth increases.
Implementing Person-Centered Care in Residential Dementia Care

Person-centered care (PCC) for people with dementia is a system of care that is based on the belief that personhood can be maintained despite cognitive impairment. A recently conducted cluster randomized trial (Chenoweth et al., 2009) demonstrated that PCC was effective in reducing agitation in people with dementia who were in residential care. This article provides a detailed overview of the PCC intervention arm of the study and describes the training and procedures used to facilitate implementation of PCC. Training emphasized the impact of the social world on the person with dementia and promoted the skills of interpersonal engagement, especially in relation to feeling expression. Facilitated on-site learning involved care planning that included obtaining a life story of the person with dementia and observing social interactions. The success of the PCC intervention was related to this two-pronged approach, which included support from managers. Implementation of PCC requires a whole-of-system approach, which includes formal and informal learning.
Space-Time Tradeoffs for Emptiness Queries

We develop the first nontrivial lower bounds on the complexity of online hyperplane and halfspace emptiness queries. Our lower bounds apply to a general class of geometric range query data structures called partition graphs. Informally, a partition graph is a directed acyclic graph that describes a recursive decomposition of space. We show that any partition graph that supports hyperplane emptiness queries implicitly defines a halfspace range query data structure in the Fredman/Yao semigroup arithmetic model, with the same asymptotic space and time bounds. Thus, results of Bronnimann, Chazelle, and Pach imply that any partition graph of size s that supports hyperplane emptiness queries in time t satisfies the inequality $st^d = \Omega((n/\log n)^{d - (d-1)/(d+1)})$. Using different techniques, we improve previous lower bounds for Hopcroft's problem---Given a set of points and hyperplanes, does any hyperplane contain a point? ---in dimensions four and higher. Using this offline result, we show that for online hyperplane emptiness queries, $\Omega(n^d/{\mbox{ polylog }} n)$ space is required to achieve polylogarithmic query time, and $\Omega(n^{(d-1)/d}/{\mbox{ polylog }} n)$ query time is required if only O(n polylog n) space is available. These two lower bounds are optimal up to polylogarithmic factors. For two-dimensional queries, we obtain an optimal continuous tradeoff $st^2=\Omega(n^2)$ between these two extremes. Finally, using a lifting argument, we show that the same lower bounds hold for both offline and online halfspace emptiness queries in ${\mathbb{R}}^{d(d+3)/2}$.
Absence of Four-and-a-Half LIM Domain Protein 2 Decreases Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− Mice

Objective— Four-and-a-half LIM domain protein-2 (FHL2) is expressed in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and leukocytes. It regulates cell survival, migration, and inflammatory response, but its role in atherogenesis is unknown. Approach and Results— To investigate the role of FHL2 in atherosclerosis, FHL2-deficient mice were crossed with ApoE-deficient mice, to generate ApoE/FHL2−/− mice. After high-fat diet, ApoE/FHL2−/− mice had significantly smaller atherosclerotic plaques than ApoE−/− mice in the aortic sinus, the brachiocephalic artery, and the aorta. This was associated with enhanced collagen and smooth muscle cell contents and a 2-fold reduction in macrophage content within the plaques of ApoE/FHL-2−/− versus ApoE−/− mice. This could be explained, in part, by the reduction in aortic ICAM-1 (intracellular adhesion molecule) mRNA and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule) protein expression in the plaque. Aortic gene expression of the chemokines CX3CL1 and CCL5 was increased in ApoE/FHL2−/− versus ApoE−/− mice. Peritoneal thioglycollate injection elicited equivalent numbers of monocytes and macrophages in both groups, but a significantly lower number of proinflammatory Ly6C high monocytes were recruited in ApoE/FHL2−/− versus ApoE−/− mice. Furthermore, mRNA levels of CX3CR1 were 2-fold higher in monocytes from ApoE/FHL2−/− versus ApoE−/− mice. Finally, we investigated the potential importance of myeloid cell FHL2 deficiency in atherosclerosis. After being irradiated, ApoE−/− or ApoE/FHL2−/− mice were transplanted with ApoE−/− or ApoE/FHL2−/− bone marrow. After high-fat diet, both chimeric groups developed smaller plaques than ApoE−/− transplanted with ApoE−/− bone marrow. Conclusions— These results suggest that FHL2 in both myeloid and vascular cells may play an important role in atherosclerosis by promoting proinflammatory chemokine production, adhesion molecule expression, and proinflammatory monocyte recruitment.
TERSE: A Unified End-to-End Traffic Control Mechanism to Enable Elastic, Delay Adaptive, and Rate Adaptive Services

This paper puts forward an end-to-end traffic control solution, which we refer to as TCP-Elastic Real-time SErvice (TERSE). TERSE provides a unified end-to-end traffic control protocol that enables Non-Real-time Elastic (NRE) service (i.e., the same as the one under the TCP control), Real-time Delay Adaptive (RDA) service, and Real-time Rate Adaptive (RRA) service. A specific service is enabled by properly setting a single parameter in the protocol. TERSE is underpinned by a sound design methodology. While having its roots in a well-known utility-based optimization approach, this methodology successfully addresses its limitations. It leads to a unified traffic control protocol, which has several provable properties, including fairness, convergence, and stability. The protocol is implemented in LINUX-based systems. The cross-Pacific testing of this protocol shows that it can achieve more than 1.2Mbps throughput performance, 150% higher than TCP-reno and 50% higher than TCP cubic. Both analytical and simulation studies also show that it can provide soft minimum-rate guarantees for both RRA and RDA traffic flows. Moreover, simulation also demonstrates that it is resilient to network resource shortage. As part of the protocol design, an effective utility function of TCP and the corresponding control law are derived, which captures TCP behavior not only in a qualitative but also in a quantitative manner.
Fluctuating Awareness and the Breakdown of the Illness Narrative in Dementia

This interpretive phenomenological study examined how awareness of dementia symptoms fluctuates over time and circumstance, thus forcing the breakdown of the illness narrative. Five women and four men (age 64–88 years) with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (MMSE 16–23) participated in this study along with their family caregivers. In-depth interviews and participant observations were conducted with each individual and their caregiver to gather data about the person’s understanding of their symptoms. Findings illustrate how symptoms may be salient, or vague and inconspicuous; symptoms may be forgotten, or they may be entirely absent for the person. Experiencing symptoms in all of these ways means that it is difficult for people to articulate a narrative understanding of what is happening in their lives. The illness narrative of dementia becomes shared as others join in its telling, although finally it may become a narrative of chaos that is all but impossible to articulate.
Substrate Interactions during the Biodegradation of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) Hydrocarbons by the Fungus Cladophialophora sp. Strain T1

ABSTRACT The soil fungus Cladophialophora sp. strain T1 (= ATCC MYA-2335) was capable of growth on a model water-soluble fraction of gasoline that contained all six BTEX components (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers). Benzene was not metabolized, but the alkylated benzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) were degraded by a combination of assimilation and cometabolism. Toluene and ethylbenzene were used as sources of carbon and energy, whereas the xylenes were cometabolized to different extents. o-Xylene and m-xylene were converted to phthalates as end metabolites; p-xylene was not degraded in complex BTEX mixtures but, in combination with toluene, appeared to be mineralized. The metabolic profiles and the inhibitory nature of the substrate interactions indicated that toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were degraded at the side chain by the same monooxygenase enzyme. Our findings suggest that soil fungi could contribute significantly to bioremediation of BTEX pollution.
A reliable transmission scheme for MIMO systems in the presence of interference

In this paper, we propose an eigen domain transmission scheme (ETS) to establish reliable and effective communication for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems suffering from narrowband interference (NBI). At the transmitter, assuming that the statistical information of the NBI is known, a precoding is developed to divide the channel into multiple subchannels in the eigen domain of the NBI. Then the transmission scheme is designed to increase the system capacity by exploiting the difference among the subchannels. Specifically, we design a practical eigen domain coding (PEC) for the 2 × 2 MIMO system. Compared with the eigen domain interference rejection combining (E-IRC), Simulations show that the proposed ETS has about a 0.8 dB gain for the 1 × 2 SIMO system, and the proposed PEC has about a 4.5 dB gain for the 2 × 2 MIMO system, respectively.
Predicting a Positive Response to Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Isolated Lower Motor Neuron Syndromes

Objective To determine clinically related characteristics in patients with pure lower motor neuron (LMN) syndromes, not fulfilling accepted diagnostic criteria, who were likely to respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment. Methods Demographic, clinical, laboratory and neurophysiological characteristics were prospectively collected from patients with undifferentiated isolated LMN syndromes who were then treated with IVIg. Patients were classified as either responders or non-responders to therapy with IVIg based on clinical data and the two groups were compared. Results From a total cohort of 42 patients (30 males, 12 females, aged 18-83 years), 31 patients responded to IVIg and 11 did not. Compared to patients that developed progressive neurological decline, responders were typically younger (45.8 compared to 56.0 years, P<0.05) and had upper limb (83.9% compared to 63.6%, NS), unilateral (80.6% compared to 45.5%, P<0.05), and isolated distal (54.1% compared to 9.1%, P<0.05) weakness. Patients with predominantly upper limb, asymmetrical, and distal weakness were more likely to respond to IVIg therapy. Of the patients who responded to treatment, only 12.9% had detectable GM1 antibodies and conduction block (not fulfilling diagnostic criteria) was only identified in 22.6%. Conclusions More than 70% of patients with pure LMN syndromes from the present series responded to treatment with IVIg therapy, despite a low prevalence of detectable GM1 antibodies and conduction block. Patients with isolated LMN presentations, not fulfilling accepted diagnostic criteria, may respond to IVIg therapy, irrespective of the presence of conduction block or GM1 antibodies, and should be given an empirical trial of IVIg to determine treatment responsiveness.
Ameliorating Reading Disabilities Early

The purpose of this study was to determine whether integrating encoding instruction with reading instruction provides stronger gains for students who struggle with reading than instruction that includes little or no encoding. An instructional design model was investigated to best fit the data of 175 first-grade readers at risk for reading disabilities. Using cross-classified hierarchical linear modeling, variance in students’ posttest scores could adequately be explained by students’ initial encoding and decoding abilities, classroom and intervention encoding instruction time, and the number of supplemental integrated encoding and decoding intervention lessons received. Results indicated that integrating encoding and decoding instruction in first-grade classrooms, as well as supplemental intervention programs, may be the missing link to decreasing and possibly preventing future reading failure for students previously at risk for reading disabilities.
Helping Students Know What They Know and Do Not Know

A critical concern for college teachers is that their students understand the material covered in class. Students need to be aware of what they know and what they do not know. This awareness is actually one component of metacognition and specifically involves being able to accurately assess one’s own level of understanding of material. Some researchers (e.g., Pintrich, 2002) have argued that students’ ability to evaluate their own understanding may be the most fundamental metacognitive skill. For without evaluation of understanding, students will make few, if any, attempts to use effective study or help-seeking strategies to better understand or remember information. A frequently used method of assessing students’ skills at evaluating understanding is what psychologists have termed calibration of comprehension (see Lin & Zabrucky, 1998, for a review). In the calibration of comprehension paradigm, students are required to read a series of texts. After reading each text, students are asked to evaluate their understanding of the text as well as to predict their performance on a forthcoming test of the passage material. Researchers have found that students’ calibration skills are often lacking and that they are likely to overestimate their understanding and test readiness. One way to make students more aware of their skills at evaluating their understanding is to ask them to make predictions of an exam score right before taking an exam and postdictions right after taking an exam. Students can then
An Empirical Test of Feminist Theory and Research

Feminist empirical research, which consistently shows a positive relationship between traditional gender-role attitudes toward women and tolerant perceptions of male violence against intimate female partners, ignores the heterogeneity of these attitudes. New scholarship reveals that they are not necessarily blatant, hostile, and negative but are more complex, involving covertly and even overtly benevolent references to women. A sample of Israelis were asked to evaluate the seriousness of and most appropriate punishment for hypothetical and multidimensional crime scenarios while their differing kinds of traditional gender-role attitudes toward women were assessed. Perceptions varied considerably as a function of the gender-role scale applied and respondents' scores.
The spectrum of eating disturbances.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to review and summarize the research literature on the spectrum of eating disturbances. METHOD Literature was searched using a computer data base to identify recent articles related to the prevalence and occurrence of disturbed eating patterns as well as full and partial syndrome eating disorders (EDs). RESULTS This review indicates that the prevalence of partial syndrome EDs in nonclinical populations is at least twice that of full syndrome EDs, and that there is a progression in some individuals from less to more severe disturbances in eating behavior. DISCUSSION These findings suggest the need for careful, scientific evaluation of risk factors for EDs in both children and adults. A longitudinal research program in progress is described which aims to identify the risk factors for EDs.
Does Representational Understanding Enhance Fluency - Or Vice Versa? Searching for Mediation Models

Conceptual understanding of representations and fluency in using representations are important aspects of expertise. However, little is known about how these competencies interact: does representational understanding facilitate learning of fluency (understandingfirst hypothesis), or does fluency enhance learning of representational understanding (fluency-first hypothesis)? We analyze log data obtained from an experiment that investigates the effects of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) support for understanding and fluency in connection-making between fractions representations. The experiment shows that instructional support for both representational understanding and fluency are needed for students to benefit from the ITS. In analyzing the ITS log data, we contrast the understanding-first hypothesis and the fluency-first hypothesis, testing whether errors made during the learning phase mediate the effect of experimental condition. Finding that a simple statistical model does not the fit data, we searched over all plausible causal path analysis models. Our results support the understanding-first hypothesis but not the fluency-first hypothesis.
On the Efficiency of Visual Selective Attention: Efficient Visual Search Leads to Inefficient Distractor Rejection

The ability to ignore irrelevant peripheral distractors was assessed as a function of the efficiency in visual search for a target at the center of a display Efficient target search, among dissimilar nontargets, led to greater distraction than inefficient search, among similar nontargets This seemingly paradoxical result is predicted by the recent proposal (Lavie, 1995a) that irrelevant processing can be prevented only by increasing the load for relevant processing Varying the set size of similar items in the central search task demonstrated that interference from irrelevant distractors was eliminated only with more than four relevant items These results demonstrate how capacity limits determine the efficiency of selective attention, and raise questions about some standard assumptions of most visual search models
The burden of parvovirus B19 infection in women of childbearing age in England and Wales

SUMMARY A serological survey has been used to investigate the epidemiology of parvovirus B19 infection in England and Wales. A total of 2835 sera representing the complete age range were selected from a convenience collection obtained in 1996 that reflects the general population and screened for parvovirus B19-specific IgG. Antibody prevalence rose nonlinearly with age from 21% in those aged 1–4 years to >75% in adults aged ⩾45 years. Force-of-infection estimates were similar to those previously made in 1991, being highest in those aged <15 years. There was no association between evidence of previous infection and sex or region. Quantitatively strongest antibody responses were found in those aged 15–34 years and IgG levels in females were 28·5% higher than those found in males (P=0·004, 95% CI 8·2–52·6). Applying the upper 95% confidence interval for the force of infection to maternity estimates for England and Wales in 1996, parvovirus infection in pregnancy was estimated to occur on average in up to 1 in every 512 pregnancies each year. This represents 1257 maternal infections, causing up to an estimated 59 fetal deaths and 11 cases of hydrops fetalis annually. An analysis of all available laboratory-confirmed parvovirus infections found a mean of 944 infections per year in women aged 15–44 years highlighting a need for enhanced surveillance of maternal parvovirus B19 infection in England and Wales, including information on both pregnancy and outcome of pregnancy.
Use of Second Life in K-12 and Higher Education: A Review of Research

This study reviewed empirical research conducted in Second Life by educators since Second Life’s launch in 2003. The study’s purpose was to identify how Second Life is being used in both K-12 and higher education. The methodology, findings, and recommendations of 27 research studies were analyzed. Researchers identified potential problems when using Second Life in education, including issues with the Second Life software and hardware requirements, a steep learning curve, and the possibility of students becoming exposed to distractions or inappropriate content. Researchers discussed potential uses of Second Life including role-play, game and simulation creation, implementation within distance education programs, and the ability to encourage student-centered learning activities. Analysis also revealed several recommendations for educators intending to use Second Life.