Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptions Among Professional Accounting Students of Self, Job Attractiveness and Academic Reputation

Abstract Discussions around career pathways have gained momentum in the field of career development to assist young people in mapping out their career choices in order to achieve meaningful and productive futures. The purpose of the study was to empirically investigate third-year accounting students’ perceptions of the comparative worth and the utility of a career choice based on one of four accounting major subjects. The four compulsory subjects are offered on the professional degree to become a Chartered Accountant (CA) offered at the University of the Witwatersrand. The research design was descriptive and cross-sectional. Results were discussed in terms of existing theory, with both internal and external factors considered. Findings indicated that financial management accounting was the dominant career choice option, followed by taxation. The value of the study resides in the insights gained regarding the salience of various career perceptions among professional accounting students.
Prediction of learner’s appropriate online community of practice in question and answering website: similarity in interaction, interest, prior knowledge

ABSTRACT The development of information technology and social networks has created new opportunities to access lifelong learning in the form of informal learning. In an informal learning environment, learning takes place via Communities of Practice (CoP). The learning success factors in online CoPs are learners’ similarity in learning interests and learners’ ability to interact with each other in the community. In this paper, a method based on Bayes probability and modified collaborative filtering is proposed to predict next learner topics and suggests appropriate learning questions. In the recommended approach, the learner’s CoP predictions are made based on learners’ behavior in the learning environment and their prior knowledge. The proposed method is evaluated using the dataset of Stack Overflow as a professional Question Answering website. Results show: 1) The proposed method with cosine similarity function, has better performance than traditional Collaborative Filtering, in the prediction of question related to CoP based on co-learner and mentor roles. 2) Using the proposed method can increase the effective appropriate interaction ratio in the learning environment.
Auditory-evoked Potential Studies of Cortical Maturation in Normal Hearing and Implanted Children: Correlations with Changes in Structure and Speech Perception

Human auditory system maturation as assessed by means of auditory-evoked potential recording is compared to maturation of axon neurofilaments and some critical stages in speech perception. The parallels strongly suggest that the emergence of the N1 component reflects the maturation of the axons in layer II and upper layer III of the auditory cortex. This is also the time period during which the perception of speech in noise and degraded speech markedly improves. The absence of N1 in cochlear implant subjects who have been deaf for a period of at least 3 years below the age of 6 years suggests a critical period in the maturation of the upper cortical layers and potentially poor future performance in the perception of masked and degraded speech.
Evaluation of FPGA design guardband caused by inhomogeneous NBTI degradation considering process variations

We show NBTI delay degradation considering variations in a 65nm process. We evaluate these two models. The homogeneous degradation model (HDM) assumes that NBTI degradation is constant at any variation and the inhomogeneous degradation model (IDM) assume that it is larger at the fast condition. In the usual logic gates on ASICs, delay degradation becomes much smaller on IDM. Circuit design guardbands can be reduced to ⅓ from the conventional pessimistic evaluations. As for FPGAs, we evaluate routing paths including level restorers and tristate inverters. The delay time after NBTI degradation is almost constant because of the pull-up PMOS in the level restorer.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON BUSINESS, THE INTERNET, AND ETHICS

This essay considers the ethical responsibilities of businesses in a world that has become globalized but remains unbalanced and faces a number of profound risks. In a world of limited resources, businesses must operate sustainably. They must respect cultural and moral diversity and protect and foster community and economic development, especially in relation to the bottom two billion humans living in poverty. Firms should adopt an asset development rather than a cost-minimization or profit-maximization approach as their business strategy. The essay considers a number of practical ways of operating to realize these objectives, with regard to matters as diverse as labour practices, security issues, transfer pricing, supplier relations, infrastructural needs, and government relations. A number of ethical issues have been raised with respect to the uses and abuses of the ever increasing possibilities associated with the global development of the Internet. These include topics related to intellectual property rights, invasion of privacy, censorship, shaming, and basic lack of access. Other topics include issues related to the reliability of Internet information, identity theft, Internet security, Internet addiction, plagiarism, and financial scams. I will focus on these and other issue at the end of this paper. In the meantime, in order to gain greater understanding about how to think about – and act responsibly in relation to – these issues, I will initially adopt a global perspective on these matters and then see what light might be shed on these issues from a value-added model of international business ethics (1). Living in a Globalized, Unbalanced, and Risky world We are living in a world that is globalized, unbalanced, and risky. As we attempt to think about ethical issues associated with the Internet, it is important to reflect upon the larger global context in which we find ourselves. As we gain a sense of this larger picture, we also obtain a clearer idea both how to define and how to assign priority to the various ethical issues associated with the uses and possibilities of the Internet. When we say that our world is now globalized, we mean to communicate several different but related ideas. We talk of globalization in order to indicate, one, how much more interconnected humans have become. This interconnection is a by-product of a number of different developments. Some of these globalizing forces, such as development of intercontinental commerce and the missionary expansion of Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism, have steadily increased over the last millennium and more. Some of the globalizing forces, such as the expansion and improvement of long distant transportation and the modern migration of peoples, have been developing steadily over the past several centuries. The pace and the reach of globalization have been
Structure of human osteonectin based upon analysis of cDNA and genomic sequences.

Overlapping human bone osteonectin cDNAs were obtained by screening two independent human SaOS-2 lambda gt11 libraries using antibovine osteonectin monoclonal antibodies. One clone contains a 0.54-kb insert and the other a 1.9-kb insert. Insertion fragments from lambda clones were liberated by restriction digestion and subcloned into pUC19 for sequencing. Digestion of the 1.9-kb insert with EcoRI released 0.4- and 1.5-kb fragments. Sequencing analysis revealed that the 0.54- and 0.4-kb fragments are identical except for 150 nucleotides missing at the 5' region of the 0.4-kb fragment. The composite nucleotide sequence of human osteonectin has a total length of 2091 nucleotides and is comprised of 50 nucleotides of 5'-noncoding sequence, a coding segment for 303 amino acids, a termination codon, and 1114 nucleotides of 3'-noncoding sequence. The primary transcript codes for 286 amino acids of mature protein and a 17-residue amino-terminal hydrophobic signal peptide. Outstanding properties inferred from the primary structure are putative Ca2+ binding domains located in the glutamic acid rich NH2 terminus (residues 1-52) and two "EF"-hand domains in the C-terminal half of the protein (residues 165-176 and 257-286). The mature protein also contains a cysteine-rich, highly hydrophilic region homologous to the ovomucoid serine protease inhibitors (residues 76-132). Overlapping human genomic clones in lambda EMBL3 for osteonectin have been isolated and characterized. Intron/exon junction sequencing of the human osteonectin gene shows the presence of 10 exons and 9 introns. The mature protein is encoded by nine exons separated by eight introns. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Alternative Forward Measure Approach to Hedging Defaultable Contingent Claims

In this paper, we present a \emph{forward measure approach} to hedge defaultable contingent claims under stochastic interest rates. The relation of hedging strategies between the risk neutral measure and forward measure is deduced. Under the invariance martingale property and reduced-form model for default risk, to hedge a defaultable contingent claim depending on the forward price, one has to invest the same amount of this contingent claim value in the defaultable zero-coupon, and use defaultfree zero-coupon bond to hedge interest risk which extends the result of Blanchet-Scalliet, Jeanblane\cite{BSJ}.
New applications and perspectives of fast field cycling NMR relaxometry

The field cycling NMR relaxometry method (also known as fast field cycling (FFC) when instruments employing fast electrical switching of the magnetic field are used) allows determination of the spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1) continuously over five decades of Larmor frequency. The method can be exploited to observe the T1 frequency dependence of protons, as well as any other NMR‐sensitive nuclei, such as 2H, 13C, 31P, and 19F in a wide range of substances and materials. The information obtained is directly correlated with the physical/chemical properties of the compound and can be represented as a ‘nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion’ curve.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci for fiber and lignin contents from an interspecific cross Oryza sativa × Oryza rufipogon

Rice straw is always regarded as a by-product of rice production, but it could be a significant energy source for ruminant animals. Knowledge of the genetic variation and genetic architecture of cell wall traits will facilitate rice breeders by improving relevant traits through selective breeding and genetic engineering. The common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff. , which is considered to be the progenitor of Oryza sativa, has been widely utilized for the identification of genes of agronomic importance for rice genetic improvement. In the present study, the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and ADL/NDF ratio was carried out in two environments using a backcrossed inbred line (BIL) population derived from a cross between the recurrent parent Xieqingzao B (XB) and an accession of Dongxiang wild rice (DWR). The results indicated that all four traits tested were continuously distributed among the BILs, but many BILs showed transgressive segregation. A total of 16 QTLs were identified for the four traits, but no QTLs were in common in two environments, suggesting that environment has dramatic effects on fiber and lignin syntheses. Compared to the QTL positions for grain yield-related traits, there were no unfavorable correlations between grain yield components and cell wall traits in this population. The QTLs identified in this study are useful for the development of dual-purpose rice varieties that are high in grain yield and are also high in straw quality.
A lethal role for lipid A in Salmonella infections

Salmonella infections in naturally susceptible mice grow rapidly, with death occurring only after bacterial numbers in vivo have reached a high threshold level, commonly called the lethal load. Despite much speculation, no direct evidence has been available to substantiate a role for any candidate bacterial components in causing death. One of the most likely candidates for the lethal toxin in salmonellosis is endotoxin, specifically the lipid A domain of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. Consequently, we have constructed a Salmonella mutant with a deletion–insertion in its waaN gene, which encodes the enzyme that catalyses one of the two secondary acylation reactions that complete lipid A biosynthesis. The mutant biosynthesizes a lipid A molecule lacking a single fatty acyl chain and is consequently less able to induce cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) responses both in vivo and in vitro. The mutant bacteria appear healthy, are not sensitive to increased growth temperature and synthesize a full‐length O‐antigen‐containing LPS molecule lacking only the expected secondary acyl chain. On intravenous inoculation into susceptible BALB/c mice, wild‐type salmonellae grew at the expected rate of approximately 10‐fold per day in livers and spleens and caused the death of the infected mice when lethal loads of approximately 108 were attained in these organs. Somewhat unexpectedly, waaN mutant bacteria grew at exactly the same rate as wild‐type bacteria in BALB/c mice but, when counts reached 108 per organ, mice infected with mutant bacteria survived. Bacterial growth continued until unprecedentedly high counts of 109 per organ were attained, when approximately 10% of the mice died. Most of the animals carrying these high bacterial loads survived, and the bacteria were slowly cleared from the organs. These experiments provide the first direct evidence that death in a mouse typhoid infection is directly dependent on the toxicity of lipid A and suggest that this may be mediated via pro‐inflammatory cytokine and/or iNOS responses.
The AAPM/RSNA Physics Tutorial for Residents

Single-photon-emitting or positron-emitting radionuclides employed in nuclear medicine are detected by using sophisticated imaging devices, whereas simpler detection devices are used to quantify activity for the following applications: measuring doses of radiopharmaceuticals, performing radiotracer bioassays, and monitoring and controlling radiation risk in the clinical environment. Detectors are categorized in terms of function, the physical state of the transducer, or the mode of operation. The performance of a detector is described by the parameters efficiency, energy resolution and discrimination, and dead time. A detector may be used to detect single events (pulse mode) or to measure the rate of energy deposition (current mode). Some detectors are operated as simple counting systems by using a single-channel pulse height analyzer to discriminate against background or other extraneous events. Other detectors are operated as spectrometers and use a multichannel analyzer to form an energy spectrum. The .
Risk factors for Johne's disease in Scotland - the results of a survey of farmers

The reported incidence of Johne's disease has been increasing in the east of Scotland since 1993. A postal questionnaire survey was sent to 127 farms to identify potential risk factors for Johne's disease in relation to wildlife and farm management practices, and 86 returns were obtained. Of 22 farms which had been assumed to be free of the disease, on the basis of information held by local veterinary centres, seven (32 per cent) reported cases of Johne's disease in the 1990s, indicating that the disease is under-reported. Logistic regression analyses showed that eight of 63 potentially explanatory variables were significant at the 5 per cent level in affecting the likelihood of farms reporting Johne's disease. Of these, large numbers of livestock and rabbits, and access of wildlife to feed stores were the clearest and most consistent risk factors associated with the disease. The application of manure to grazing pasture, the type of water supply for the cattle and the numbers of crows were also related to the presence of Johne's disease but the nature of these relationships was less clear. Only 38 per cent of the farms reported taking any control measures to combat Johne's disease, but three of the control measures were relevant to risk factors identified as significant by the survey, namely maintaining a clean water supply, controlling rabbits and not spreading manure on to grazing pasture.
A magnetic flux-based position sensor for control of an electromechanical VVT actuator

A promising method for enhancing automotive internal combustion engine efficiency uses solenoid actuators to directly control gas exchange valves. Mitigation of valve seating velocities is challenging due to phenomena such as magnetic saturation and pressure disturbances. Production implementation of an electromagnetic valvetrain will require the development of cost effective yet accurate sensors for robust feedback control. A method of magnetic flux-based armature position measurement is presented. An overview of the modeling and control design is shown with experimental and simulated results using such a sensor configuration
Intraoperative computed tomography image-guided navigation for posterior thoracolumbar spinal instrumentation in spinal deformity surgery.

OBJECT Placement of thoracolumbar pedicle screws in spinal deformity surgery has a reported inaccuracy rate as high as 30%. At present, image-guided navigation systems designed to improve instrumentation accuracy typically use intraoperative fluoroscopy or preoperative CT scans. The authors report the prospective evaluation of the accuracy of posterior thoracolumbar spinal instrumentation using a new intraoperative CT operative suite with an integrated image guidance system. They compare the accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement using intraoperative CT image guidance with instrumentation placement utilizing fluoroscopy. METHODS Between December 2007 and July 2008, 12 patients underwent posterior spinal instrumentation for spinal deformity correction using intraoperative CT-based image guidance. An intraoperative CT scan of the sterile surgical field was obtained after decompression and before instrumentation. Instrumentation was placed, and a postinstrumentation CT scan was obtained before wound closure to assess the accuracy of instrumentation placement and the potential need for revision. The accuracy of pedicle screw placement was later reviewed and recorded by independent observers. A comparison group of 14 patients who underwent thoracolumbar instrumentation utilizing fluoroscopy and postoperative CT scanning during the same time period was evaluated and included in this analysis. RESULTS In the intraoperative CT-based image guidance group, a total of 164 thoracolumbar pedicle screws were placed. Two screws were found to have breached the pedicle wall (1.2%). Neither screw was deemed to need revision due to misplacement. In the comparison group, 211 pedicle screws were placed. Postoperative CT scanning revealed that 11 screws (5.2%) had breached the pedicle. One patient in the fluoroscopy group awoke with a radiculopathy attributed to a misplaced screw, which required revision. The difference in accuracy was statistically significant (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative CT-based image guidance for placement of thoracolumbar instrumentation has an accuracy that exceeds reported rates with other image guidance systems, such as virtual fluoroscopy and 3D isocentric C-arm-based stereotactic systems. Furthermore, with the use of intraoperative CT scanning, a postinstrumentation CT scan allows the surgeon to evaluate the accuracy of instrumentation before wound closure and revise as appropriate.
Host-derived glycans serve as selected nutrients for the gut microbe: human milk oligosaccharides and bifidobacteria†

Lactation is a common feeding strategy of eutherian mammals, but its functions go beyond feeding the neonates. Ever since Tissier isolated bifidobacteria from the stool of breast-fed infants, human milk has been postulated to contain compounds that selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in intestines. However, until relatively recently, there have been no reports to link human milk compound(s) with bifidobacterial physiology. Over the past decade, successive studies have demonstrated that infant-gut-associated bifidobacteria are equipped with genetic and enzymatic toolsets dedicated to assimilation of host-derived glycans, especially human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Among gut microbes, the presence of enzymes required for degrading HMOs with type-1 chains is essentially limited to infant-gut-associated bifidobacteria, suggesting HMOs serve as selected nutrients for the bacteria. In this study, I shortly discuss the research on bifidobacteria and HMOs from a historical perspective and summarize the roles of bifidobacterial enzymes in the assimilation of HMOs with type-1 chains. Based on this overview, I suggest the co-evolution between bifidobacteria and human beings mediated by HMOs. Graphical abstract Symbiosis and co-evolution between bifidobacteria and humans, mediated by human milk oligosaccharides with a type-1 chain.
Healing of adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse.

OBJECTIVE To generate a framework of healing by male survivors of childhood sexual abuse. DESIGN Qualitative using grounded theory methodology. POPULATION, SAMPLE, SETTING, YEARS: Population was American men living in the community who have experienced some healing from childhood sexual abuse. Sample was 19 men who were recommended by area therapists or who had publicly identified themselves as survivors. Participants were interviewed in 1993 and 1994. METHOD Formal, unstructured interviews using open-ended questions. FINDINGS The core variable that emerged was "Escaping the dungeon: The journey to freedom. " The metaphor of "dungeon" reflects the men's experiences of powerlessness, isolation, silence and darkness, shame, and pain from their abuse. Healing was described as breaking free, living free, and freeing those left behind. CONCLUSIONS Healing involves a struggle against an internal force, emotional pain, and against an external force, the sociocultural prescription that men should not be victims. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians working with adult male survivors should consider the pervasive effects of some childhood sexual abuse experiences. Therapists can address the intrapsychic wounds of male survivors while acknowledging the context of their healing, a society where the victimization of men is often invalidated.
Citizens’ Conceptions of Democracy and Political Participation in Germany

While extensive research focused on citizens’ disaffection and tools to cure the ‘democratic malaise’, very few studies paid attention to the connection between citizens’ preferences for democratic alternatives and their desire to get involved in new participatory procedures. To fill this gap and to advance the understanding of such a linkage, our paper aims to investigate how preferences of German citizens for types of democracy influence their retrospective as well as prospective involvement in political will formation and decision‐making. This paper discusses the conceptions of democracy and assesses the effects of these preferences on several types of political participation (voting, protests, referendums, deliberative procedures). Our study draws on data from a survey conducted in autumn 2014 on a probability representative sample at national level in Germany. Findings illustrate that citizens favoring representative democracy are less inclined to take part in participatory devices, whereas citizens favoring a citizen‐oriented concept of democracy are more willing to get involved in them. Those citizens who favor a more expert oriented democracy, show mixed participation intentions.