Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chinese as a Mandatory Foreign Language at a Higher Education Institution in Pakistan

Universities in Pakistan offer Chinese language courses to prepare students for ample employment-related opportunities in Pak-China projects, Chinese university scholarships, learner exchanges and mobility programmes. This article provides an interpretive policy analysis, focused on comparing the interpretations of policymakers and foreign language students concerning the aims and implementation of a mandatory Chinese language learning policy introduced at a major public engineering university in Pakistan. The findings reveal that while most aims stated in the policy artefacts match the stakeholders’ interpretations of the policy aims, the students’ interpretations differed slightly regarding policy implementation, mainly concerning the medium of instruction and class size, affecting student motivation and levels of learning. The article discusses to what extent such a policy entails implementation challenges.
"Detuned" f(R) gravity and dark energy

In gravity theories derived from a f(R) Lagrangian, matter is usually supposed to be minimally coupled to the metric, which hence defines a ''Jordan frame. '' However, since the field equations are fourth order, gravity possesses an extra degree of freedom on top of the standard graviton, as is manifest from its equivalent description in the conformally related, Einstein, frame. We introduce explicitly this extra scalar degree of freedom in the action and couple it to matter, so that the original metric no longer defines a Jordan frame. This ''detuning'' puts f(R) gravity into a wider class of scalar--tensor theories. We argue that a ''chameleon-like'' detuning tracing the background matter density may provide purely gravitational models which account for the present acceleration of the universe and evade local gravity constraints.
Depression and Associated Factors among Female University Students: A Web-Based Survey

Depressive symptoms are globally increasing among the female population. Young female students are particularly vulnerable to depression because they pass through the age of transition where they have to accept new roles and responsibilities. Female students perceive such transition as very stressful. Besides this, certain other associated risk factors are also involved. Keeping this in mind, the present study has examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated risk factors among female university students. Data was collected from 223 female students through an online self-administered questionnaire. Socio-demographic data was treated with descriptive statistics, whereas linkages between depressive symptoms and risk factors were determined through multinomial logistic regression. Depressive symptoms were moderately high among 18 to 20 years old female students, unmarried ones, economically poor, and having previous traumatic experiences. Since depressive symptoms impede routine activities and affect the academic performance of students, therefore, it is considered a recognized public health concern. Depressive symptoms can be managed through joint efforts of teachers, and university administration by providing a conducive environment inside the university. Parents should also play their role in dealing with the mental health of their youngsters. In this way, female students can be prevented from the detrimental effects of depression.
PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN SYARIAH DALAM PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA KOPERASI SERBA USAHA (KSU) BMT AL-IQTISHADY

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penerapan PSAK 101, PSAK 102, dan PSAK 105 tentang pembiayaan murabahah pada koperasi serba usaha BMT. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data berasal dari data primer dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil observasi pada KSU BMT Al-Iqtishady dan wawancara dengan pengelola, karyawan dan nasabah KSU BMT Al-Iqtishady. Berdasarkan hasil analisa laporan keuangan dan hasil wawancara mengenai penerapan PSAK 101, 102 dan 105 pada KSU BM, penyajian laporan keuangan pada koperasi serba usaha BMT belum sesuai dengan PSAK 101. Sedangkan pada pengungkapan dan pengukuran pembiayaan murabahah pada koperasi serba usaha BMT ada beberapa yang sesuai dan yang tidak sesuai dengan PSAK 102. Kesesuaian tersebut pada bagian pembelian, piutang, penyerahan keuntungan, dan diskon dan ketidak sesuaiannya pada bagian pengungkapan dan pengukuran penjualan, pengungkapan keuntungan, dan pengukuran persentase keuntungan, penentuan diskon serta pengungkapan dan pengukuran uang muka. Hasil yang terakhir menyatakan bahwa pengungkapan dan pengukuran pembiayaan mudharabah pada koperasi serba usaha BMT Al-Iqtishady juga ada beberapa yang sesuai dan yang tidak sesuai PSAK 105. Kesesauain tersebut pada bagian mulai berjalannya akad Mudharabah, pengakuan kerugian, pengakuan piutang, dan pengakuan beban serta penyerahan keuntungan dan ketidaksesuaiannya pada bagian pengakuan investasi, penurunan aset non kas, pengakuan keuntungan dan pembagian hasil usaha.
maggie: Models and Algorithms for Galaxy Groups, Interlopers and Environment

Redshift distortions make it notoriously difficult to recover real-space galaxy groups from redshift space data. We make use of the previously measured universal distribution of halo interlopers in projected phase space, which we combine with our knowledge of NFW haloes with realistic internal kinematics, to develop a prior-based, probabilistic, abundance matching (AM) grouping algorithm, which we call MAGGIE. We perform a suite of tests of MAGGIE-L and MAGGIE-M (in which the AM is performed on the group luminosities and stellar masses, respectively) as well as on our previously optimised Friends-of-Friends (FoF) group finder, all for groups of at least 3 galaxies extracted from two subsamples that are doubly complete in distance and luminosity within a mock, flux-limited, SDSS Legacy redshift survey, incorporating (for MAGGIE) reasonable observational errors on galaxy luminosities and stellar masses. Our tests indicate that both MAGGIE-M and MAGGIE-L outperform the optimal FoF in all three considered bins of estimated group mass (12‐13, 13‐14, and 14‐15 in logM=M ) in our various tests: groups extracted with MAGGIE are much less likely to be secondary fragments of true groups (typically 15% vs. >30% with FoF), and restricting to the primary fragments, the galaxy memberships (relative to the virial sphere of the real-space group) are much more complete and usually more reliable, the MAGGIE AM masses are much less biased and with less scatter ( 0.3 dex for the FoF masses obtained by the virial theorem), as are the group luminosities and stellar masses (computed in MAGGIE using the membership probabilities as weights). Only for the reliability (purity) of the galaxy population in high-estimated-mass clusters does FoF outperform both implementations of MAGGIE. For the tests in common with other AM group finders, MAGGIE has lower mass scatter than Yang et al., higher galaxy completeness than Yang et al., Munoz-Cuartas & Muller and Dominguez Romero et al., but cannot match the latter’s zero mean group fragmentation. The excellent performance of both flavours of MAGGIE should lead to sharper trends of environmental effects on galaxies, as well as more precise mass/orbit modeling of groups of galaxies. MAGGIE should be adaptable (discarding AM) to optimal group/cluster detection and mass measurement in dark energy surveys.
Post-Implant Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Despite the improvement in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) technology and the advent of third-generation LVADs, hemocompatibility-related events remain a significant issue. Therefore, new pharmacological treatments are necessary to optimize patient management and to further reduce hemocompatibility-related events. The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the existing data regarding the safety and efficacy of post-implant phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) on hemocompatibility-related events. Methods: Among the 258 articles in Pubmed, Scopus, and CENTRAL that were retrieved (1990–2022), 15 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 9 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. The fixed-effects model was used because it is statistically sound for combining a very small number of studies. The primary endpoint of the study was all-cause mortality, whereas the secondary endpoints were ischemic stroke, pump thrombosis, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Results: Mortality was significantly lower in the PDE-5i group vs. the control group (OR: 0.92 [95% CI: 0.85, 0.98]; p = 0.02). The secondary endpoints ischemic stroke (OR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.78, 0.98]; p = 0.02) and pump thrombosis (OR: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.82, 0.99]; p = 0.04) were also lower in the PDE-5i group. The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly higher in patients with LVAD receiving PDE-5i (OR: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.11, 1.44]; p < 0.01). In the overall analysis, the heterogeneity of outcomes was low, except for pump thrombosis. Conclusions: The use of PDE-5i post-implant was associated with lower mortality and thrombotic events but with a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Spin-orbit torque–driven propagating spin waves

Propagating spin waves generated by a metal-based spin Hall nano-oscillator for highly energy-efficient spin wave technology. Spin-orbit torque (SOT) can drive sustained spin wave (SW) auto-oscillations in a class of emerging microwave devices known as spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs), which have highly nonlinear properties governing robust mutual synchronization at frequencies directly amenable to high-speed neuromorphic computing. However, all demonstrations have relied on localized SW modes interacting through dipolar coupling and/or direct exchange. As nanomagnonics requires propagating SWs for data transfer and additional computational functionality can be achieved using SW interference, SOT-driven propagating SWs would be highly advantageous. Here, we demonstrate how perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can raise the frequency of SOT-driven auto-oscillations in magnetic nanoconstrictions well above the SW gap, resulting in the efficient generation of field and current tunable propagating SWs. Our demonstration greatly extends the functionality and design freedom of SHNOs, enabling long-range SOT-driven SW propagation for nanomagnonics, SW logic, and neuromorphic computing, directly compatible with CMOS technology.
TASEP on a ring with internal degrees of freedom

A totally asymmetric exclusion process on a ring with ν non-conserved internal degrees of freedom, where particles hop forward with a rate that depends on their internal state, has been studied. We show, using a mapping of the model to a zero range process with ν different kinds of boxes, that steady state weights can be written in a matrix product form and calculate the spatial correlations exactly. A comparison of the model with an equivalent conserved system reveals that unequal hopping rates of particles belonging to different internal states is responsible for the non-trivial correlations.
W/Z+ jet production

We describe some recent progress in theoretical predictions for W and Z plus jet cross sections and related observables. In particular, we review some of the new NLO calculations that have been made in the last few years and analyze the impact of these results on analyses and phenomenology at the Tevatron Run II and the CERN LHC.
Measurement of the EMC effect in the deuteron

We have determined the structure function ratio $$R^d_{\rm EMC}=F_2^d/(F_2^n+F_2^p)$$ from recently published $$F_2^n/F_2^d$$ data taken by the BONuS experiment using CLAS at Jefferson Lab. This ratio deviates from unity, with a slope $$dR_{\rm EMC}^{d}/dx= -0.10\pm 0.05$$ in the range of Bjorken $x$ from 0.35 to 0.7, for invariant mass $W>1.4$ GeV and $Q^2>1$ GeV$^2$. The observed EMC effect for these kinematics is consistent with conventional nuclear physics models that include off-shell corrections, as well as with empirical analyses that find the EMC effect proportional to the probability of short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations.
A study of the gas–star formation relation over cosmic time

We use the first systematic data sets of CO molecular line emission in z∼ 1–3 normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs) for a comparison of the dependence of galaxy-averaged star formation rates on molecular gas masses at low and high redshifts, and in different galactic environments. Although the current high-z samples are still small and biased towards the luminous and massive tail of the actively star-forming ‘main-sequence’, a fairly clear picture is emerging. Independent of whether galaxy-integrated quantities or surface densities are considered, low- and high-z SFG populations appear to follow similar molecular gas–star formation relations with slopes 1.1 to 1.2, over three orders of magnitude in gas mass or surface density. The gas-depletion time-scale in these SFGs grows from 0.5 Gyr at z∼ 2 to 1.5 Gyr at z∼ 0. The average corresponds to a fairly low star formation efficiency of 2 per cent per dynamical time. Because star formation depletion times are significantly smaller than the Hubble time at all redshifts sampled, star formation rates and gas fractions are set by the balance between gas accretion from the halo and stellar feedback. In contrast, very luminous and ultraluminous, gas-rich major mergers at both low and high z produce on average four to 10 times more far-infrared luminosity per unit gas mass. We show that only some fraction of this difference can be explained by uncertainties in gas mass or luminosity estimators; much of it must be intrinsic. A possible explanation is a top-heavy stellar mass function in the merging systems but the most likely interpretation is that the star formation relation is driven by global dynamical effects. For a given mass, the more compact merger systems produce stars more rapidly because their gas clouds are more compressed with shorter dynamical times, so that they churn more quickly through the available gas reservoir than the typical normal disc galaxies. When the dependence on galactic dynamical time-scale is explicitly included, disc galaxies and mergers appear to follow similar gas-to-star formation relations. The mergers may be forming stars at slightly higher efficiencies than the discs.
Responsiveness of the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale to Monitor Clinical Recovery After Concussion or Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Background: The Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) is used to assess the number and intensity of symptoms after a concussion/mild traumatic brain injury. However, its responsiveness to monitor clinical recovery has yet to be determined. Purpose: To evaluate the responsiveness of the PCSS to change and longitudinal validity in patients with persistent postconcussive symptoms as well as to explore the responsiveness of other clinical outcome measures to monitor recovery of physical symptoms in patients with persistent postconcussive symptoms. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients with persistent symptoms after a concussion (N = 109) were evaluated using self-reported questionnaires at baseline and after a 6-week rehabilitation program. The program consisted of an individualized symptom-limited aerobic exercise program combined with education. Questionnaires included the PCSS, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Headache Disability Inventory (HDI), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) related to 1) neck pain and 2) headache. Internal responsiveness was evaluated using the effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM), and external responsiveness was determined with the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The global rating of change was used as the external criterion. Pearson correlations were used to determine the longitudinal validity. Results: The PCSS was highly responsive (ES and SRM, >1.3) and had an MCID of 26.5 points (of 132) for the total score and 5.5 (of 22) for the number of symptoms. For longitudinal validity, low to moderate correlations were found between changes in PCSS and changes in NDI, HDI, and DHI. The NDI, HDI, DHI, and NPRS were also highly responsive (ES and SRM, >0.8). Conclusion: All questionnaires including the PCSS were highly responsive and can be used with confidence by clinicians and researchers to evaluate change over time in a concussion population with persistent symptoms.
Abundance stratification in Type Ia supernovae - V. SN 1986G bridging the gap between normal and subluminous SNe Ia

A detailed spectroscopic analysis of SN 1986G has been performed. SN 1986G `bridges the gap' between normal and sub luminous type Ia supernova (SNe Ia). The abundance tomography technique is used to determine the abundance distribution of the elements in the ejecta. SN 1986G was found to be a low energy Chandrasekhar mass explosion. Its kinetic energy was 70% of the standard W7 model (0.9x10$^{51}$erg). Oxygen dominates the ejecta from the outermost layers down to $\sim$9000kms$^{-1}$ , intermediate mass elements (IME) dominate from $\sim$ 9000kms$^{-1}$ to $\sim$ 3500kms$^{-1}$ with Ni and Fe dominating the inner layers $<\sim$ 3500kms$^{-1}$. The final masses of the main elements in the ejecta were found to be, O=0.33M, IME=0.69M, stable NSE=0.21M, $^{56}$Ni=0.14M. An upper limit of the carbon mass is set at C=0.02M. The spectra of SN1986G consist of almost exclusively singly ionised species. SN1986G can be thought of as a low luminosity extension of the main population of SN Ia, with a large deflagration phase that produced more IMEs than a standard SN Ia.
Using Peer Feedback to Promote Reflection on Open-Ended Problems

This paper describes a new approach for learning from homework called Peer-Assisted Reflection (PAR). PAR involves students using peer feedback to improve their work on open-ended homework problems. Collaborating with peers and revising one’s work based on the feedback of others are important aspects of doing and learning physics. While notable exceptions exist, homework and exams are generally individual activities that do not support collaboration and refinement, which misses important opportunities to use assessment for learning. In contrast, PAR provides students with a structure to iteratively engage with challenging, open-ended problems and solicit the input of their peers to improve their work.
Understanding a Care Management System’s Role in Influencing a Transitional-Aged Youth Program’s Practice: Mixed Methods Study

Background Extended foster care programs help prepare transitional-aged youth (TAY) to step into adulthood and live independent lives. Aspiranet, one of California’s largest social service organizations, used a social care management solution (SCMS) to meet TAY’s needs. Objective We aimed to investigate the impact of an SCMS, IBM Watson Care Manager (WCM), in transforming foster program service delivery and improving TAY outcomes. Methods We used a mixed methods study design by collecting primary data from stakeholders through semistructured interviews in 2021 and by pulling secondary data from annual reports, system use logs, and data repositories from 2014 to 2021. Thematic analysis based on grounded theory was used to analyze qualitative data using NVivo software. Descriptive analysis of aggregated outcome metrics in the quantitative data was performed and compared across 2 periods: pre-SCMS implementation (before October 31, 2016) and post-SCMS implementation (November 1, 2016, and March 31, 2021). Results In total, 6 Aspiranet employees (4 leaders and 2 life coaches) were interviewed, with a median time of 56 (IQR 53-67) minutes. The majority (5/6, 83%) were female, over 30 years of age (median 37, IQR 32-39) with a median of 6 (IQR 5-10) years of experience at Aspiranet and overall field experience of 10 (IQR 7-14) years. Most (4/6, 67%) participants rated their technological skills as expert. Thematic analysis of participants’ interview transcripts yielded 24 subthemes that were grouped into 6 superordinate themes: study context, the impact of the new tool, key strengths, commonly used features, expectations with WCM, and limitations and recommendations. The tool met users’ initial expectations of streamlining tasks and adopting essential functionalities. Median satisfaction scores around pre- and post-WCM workflow processes remained constant between 2 life coaches (3.25, IQR 2.5-4); however, among leaders, post-WCM scores (median 4, IQR 4-5) were higher than pre-WCM scores (median 3, IQR 3-3). Across the 2 study phases, Aspiranet served 1641 TAY having consistent population demographics (median age of 18, IQR 18-19 years; female: 903/1641, 55.03%; race and ethnicity: Hispanic or Latino: 621/1641, 37.84%; Black: 470/1641, 28.64%; White: 397/1641, 24.19%; Other: 153/1641, 9.32%). Between the pre- and post-WCM period, there was an increase in full-time school enrollment (359/531, 67.6% to 833/1110, 75.04%) and a reduction in part-time school enrollment (61/531, 11.5% to 91/1110, 8.2%). The median number of days spent in the foster care program remained the same (247, IQR 125-468 years); however, the number of incidents reported monthly per hundred youth showed a steady decline, even with an exponentially increasing number of enrolled youth and incidents. Conclusions The SCMS for coordinating care and delivering tailored services to TAY streamlined Aspiranet’s workflows and processes and positively impacted youth outcomes. Further enhancements are needed to better align with user and youth needs.
A NSST-based infrared and visible image fusion method focusing on luminance effect

Generally, the fused image shows fully the actual situation of the scene and contains more detailed information. However, most fusion methods miss the details of the fusion image and confuses the contrast of the raw scene. To solve this problem, we propose a fusion algorithm based on non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) that particularly pays attention to the influence of light intensity when calculating the fusion coefficient. The method first decomposes the input images into high- and low-frequency coefficients through NSST. Then regarding the high-frequency coefficients, we calculate the phase consistency (PC) of the decomposed images, and the results are combined with the adaptive simplified pulse coupled neural network (SPCNN) to compose parameter. Meanwhile, for the low-frequency coefficient, the optimal brightness entropy (OBE) of the input images is obtained as the fusion basis. The next step is to fuse the high- and low-frequency sub-band coefficients by the designed fusion rule, and obtain final image through NSST inverse transformation. Experiments show that our method not only keeps well the image details and maintains the overall image luminance while taking care of the overall effect of the image, but also gets a leading position in some evaluation indicators.