Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spotting Structure in Complex Time Dependent Flow

Analyzing structure in complex time dependent flow fields is a challenging problem. This paper describes the use of spot noise for the visualization of this type of fields. Spot noise is a technique which utilizes texture for the visualization of flow fields. In this paper, two extensions of spot noise are discussed. These extensions allow spot noise to be used for detailed analysis of time dependent flow fields. In addition, two cases are discussed: a large data set resulting from a direct numerical simulation of turbulence and a data set resulting from a global climate measurements.
Predicting Intention for Protective Health Behaviour: A test of the Protection versus the Ordered Protection Motivation Model

Tanner and his colleagues (Eppright, Tanner, & Hunt, 1994; Tanner, Day, & Crask, 1989; Tanner, Hunt, & Eppright, 1991) proposed a reformulation of Rogers's (1983, 1984) protection motivation theory to include three major amendments: (a) the inclusion of the emotional component of fear, (b) the sequential ordering of the threat-coping appraisal processes, and (c) the role of maladaptive coping in an ordered protection motivation model. Using HIV/AIDS as the threat communication strategy, the present study tested the structural relationships hypothesised for Rogers's protection motivation model and the reformulated ordered protection motivation model, and evaluated the overall and relative fit of the two competing models in predicting intention for condom use among 248 adults. The results suggested that Rogers's original protection motivation model may be a better representation of the way individuals evaluate health-threat information than the reformulated ordered protection motivation model. Results from path analysis also demonstrated how the emotional component of fear and maladaptive coping modes operated differentially in the two models. Implications for the theory of protection motivation and its use in promoting good health behaviours are discussed.
Carbonic anhydrase IX is an independent predictor of survival in advanced renal clear cell carcinoma: implications for prognosis and therapy.

PURPOSE Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a poor prognosis and an unpredictable course. To date, there are no molecular markers which can reliably predict RCC outcome. We investigated whether a novel kidney cancer marker, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), is associated with progression and survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Immunohistochemical analysis using a CAIX monoclonal antibody was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from paraffin-embedded specimens from patients (N = 321) treated by nephrectomy for clear cell RCC. CAIX staining was correlated with response to treatment, clinical factors, pathologic features, and survival. RESULTS CAIX staining was present in 94% of clear cell RCCs. Survival tree analysis determined that a cutoff of 85% CAIX staining provided the most accurate prediction of survival. Low CAIX (</=85%) staining was an independent poor prognostic factor for survival for patients with metastatic RCC, with a hazard ratio of 3.10 (P < 0.001). CAIX significantly substratified patients with metastatic disease when analyzed by T stage, Fuhrman grade, nodal involvement, and performance status (P < 0.001, = 0.001, = 0.009, = 0.005, respectively). For patients with nonmetastatic RCC and at high risk for progression, low CAIX predicted a worse outcome similar to patients with metastatic disease (P = 0.058). Overall expression of CAIX decreased with development of metastasis; as demonstrated by the lower CAIX staining levels in metastatic lesions relative to matched primary tumor specimens (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our data, CAIX is the most significant molecular marker described in kidney cancer to date. Decreased CAIX levels are independently associated with poor survival in advanced RCC. CAIX reflects significant changes in tumor biology, which should be used to predict clinical outcome and identify high-risk patients in need for adjuvant immunotherapy and CAIX-targeted therapies.
Synchronous occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A case report

Various cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) coinciding with other gastrointestinal malignancies have been reported to date, however, the synchronous occurrence of GIST and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is exceptionally rare and, to the best of our knowledge, has only been reported once. The coinciding malignancy has usually been encountered incidentally during surgical exploration. Thus, this is the first report where a targeted biopsy of the clinically suspicious lesion was used to determine the diagnosis of ICC concurrent with GIST. The liver is the most frequent metastatic site of GIST, therefore, additional hepatic masses may be mistakenly diagnosed as metastatic disease, rather than the presentation of multiple primary tumors. This subsequently delays the accurate diagnosis and complicates the performance of a curable resection. The current study reports a case of advanced synchronous GIST and ICC, which was operable at initial presentation, but progressed to become surgically unresectable.
Supply Chain Management: Concepts, Techniques and Practices, Enhancing Value Through Collaboration (371 pages)

A Supply Chain encompasses all activities in fulfilling customer demands and requests as shown in Figure 1.1. These activities are associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw materials stage, through to the end user, as well as the associated information and funds flows. There are four stages in a supply chain: the supply network, the internal supply chain (which are manufacturing plants), distribution systems, and the end users. Moving up and down the stages are the four flows: material flow, service flow, information flow and funds flow. E-procurement links the supply network and manufacturing plant, e-distribution links the manufacturing plant and the distribution network, and e-commerce links the distribution network and the end users. The supply chain begins with a need for a computer. In this example, a customer places an order for a Dell computer through the Internet. Since Dell does not have distribution centers or distributors, this order triggers the production at Dell's manufacturing center, which is the next stage in the supply chain. Microprocessors used in the computer may come from AMD and a complementary product like a monitor may come from Sony. Dell receives such parts and components from these suppliers, who belong to the upstream stage in the supply chain. After completing the order according to the customer's specification, Dell then sends the computer directly to the users through UPS, a third party logistics provider. This responsive supply chain is illustrated in 4 Figure 1.1. In this supply chain, Dell Computer is the captain of the chain; the company selects suppliers, forges partnerships with other members of the supply chain, fulfills orders from customers and follows up the business transaction with services. Now, consider a case of purchasing a pack of Perdue chicken breast at Sam's Club. When customers buy trays of chicken breast at Sam's Club, the demand is satisfied from inventory that is stocked in a Sam's Club distribution center. Production at a Perdue Farms manufacturing facility is based on forecasted demand using historical sales data. Perdue Farms runs a vertical supply chain starting from the eggs, to the grains that feed chicks proceeding to manufacturing, packaging, and delivery. Packaging materials come from suppliers. This is an efficient supply chain and is illustrated in Figure 1.1. These two different types of supply chain, responsive supply chain and efficient supply chain, will be discussed in detail in Section 1.4. Supply …
Ensemble of machine learning algorithms for cognitive and physical speaker load detection

We present our methods and results on participating in the Interspeech 2014 Computational Paralinguistics ChallengE (ComParE) of which the goal is to detect certain type of load of a speaker using acoustic features. There are in total seven classification models contributing to our final prediction, namely, neural network with rectified linear unit and dropout (ReLUNet), conditional restricted Boltzmann machine (CRBM), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian discriminant analysis (GDA), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and random forest (RF). When linearly blending the predictions of these models, we are able to get significant improvements over the challenge baseline. Index Terms: Physical Load Detection, Cognitive Load Detection, Neural Network, Classification Models
Secreted Proteomes of Different Developmental Stages of the Gastrointestinal Nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis*

Hookworms infect more than 700 million people worldwide and cause more morbidity than most other human parasitic infections. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (the rat hookworm) has been used as an experimental model for human hookworm because of its similar life cycle and ease of maintenance in laboratory rodents. Adult N. brasiliensis, like the human hookworm, lives in the intestine of the host and releases excretory/secretory products (ESP), which represent the major host-parasite interface. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis of infective larval (L3) and adult worm stages of N. brasiliensis to gain insights into the molecular bases of host-parasite relationships and determine whether N. brasiliensis could indeed serve as an appropriate model for studying human hookworm infections. Proteomic data were matched to a transcriptomic database assembled from 245,874,892 Illumina reads from different developmental stages (eggs, L3, L4, and adult) of N. brasiliensis yielding∼18,426 unigenes with 39,063 possible isoform transcripts. From this analysis, 313 proteins were identified from ESPs by LC-MS/MS—52 in the L3 and 261 in the adult worm. Most of the proteins identified in the study were stage-specific (only 13 proteins were shared by both stages); in particular, two families of proteins—astacin metalloproteases and CAP-domain containing SCP/TAPS—were highly represented in both L3 and adult ESP. These protein families are present in most nematode groups, and where studied, appear to play roles in larval migration and evasion of the host's immune response. Phylogenetic analyses of defined protein families and global gene similarity analyses showed that N. brasiliensis has a greater degree of conservation with human hookworm than other model nematodes examined. These findings validate the use of N. brasiliensis as a suitable parasite for the study of human hookworm infections in a tractable animal model.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of Recent Advancements

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising technique to treat a wide range of neurological conditions including stroke. The pathological processes following stroke may provide an exemplary system to investigate how tDCS promotes neuronal plasticity and functional recovery. Changes in synaptic function after stroke, such as reduced excitability, formation of aberrant connections, and deregulated plastic modifications, have been postulated to impede recovery from stroke. However, if tDCS could counteract these negative changes by influencing the system's neurophysiology, it would contribute to the formation of functionally meaningful connections and the maintenance of existing pathways. This paper is aimed at providing a review of underlying mechanisms of tDCS and its application to stroke. In addition, to maximize the effectiveness of tDCS in stroke rehabilitation, future research needs to determine the optimal stimulation protocols and parameters. We discuss how stimulation parameters could be optimized based on electrophysiological activity. In particular, we propose that cortical synchrony may represent a biomarker of tDCS efficacy to indicate communication between affected areas. Understanding the mechanisms by which tDCS affects the neural substrate after stroke and finding ways to optimize tDCS for each patient are key to effective rehabilitation approaches.
Unidimensional Models Do Not Fit Unidimensional Mixed Format Data Better than Multidimensional Models

This dissertation examines the scaling of large scale assessments containing both dichotomous and polytomous items, mixed format assessments. Because large scale assessments are generally built to measure one construct, e.g. eighth grade mathematics, unidimensional data was generated to simulate a mixed format assessment. The test length, number of polytomous to dichotomous items per assessment and the discrimination level between dichotomous and polytomous items were varied in this study. There were five item combinations and two level of discrimination defined. The goal of this dissertation was to compare the fit of the generated data to three different Item Response Theory models; one unidimensional and two multidimensional. The first model used to fit the data was the same model type used to generate the data; a 3PL IRT model in combination with the Generalized Partial Credit model. The second model was the Hierarchical MIRT Model. The final model was the bifactor model. The research questions examined in this study were; (1) Which of the models achieves the best model fit across simulation conditions? , and (2) Do the variables of item combination or discrimination affect the model fit? The study showed that the bi-factor model fit unidimensional data, in mixed format, better than either the unidimensional or the hierarchical MIRT models. The criterion used to make this determination was the Bayesian convergence criterions; BIC, DIC and AIC. Overall, the bi-factor model fit the unidimensional mixed format data better than the generating model fit the data. The hierarchical MIRT model did not fit the data very well, and in a few cases, did not converge. The more polytomous item included on the assessment the better the bi-factor model improved overall fit over the unidimensional model. This result suggests that noise in the data from mixed format assessments can cause the unidimensional models to fail to fail to fit the data. This study illustrates the format alone can create the appearance of dimensionality. However since the data was generated as unidimensional, this format dimensionality affect was an attribute of the data alone, not of items or examinees interactions with the items. Mixed format assessments create an artifact in the data that causes the data to factor into dimensions that are not actually present. It appears there is noise in the data of mixed format assessment that needs to accounted for when scaling.
Contentious City: The Politics Of Recovery In New York City ‐ Edited by John Mollenkopf

Eric Wanner of the Russell Sage Foundation showed extraordinary leadership in bringing together New York’s vast network of scholars to “use the tools of social science . to probe the deeper dimensions of what has happened in the wake of September 11” (xi). The Foundation moved quickly to develop its series of volumes on the disaster and as a consequence we have a rich and detailed history of the immediate and early stages of the post-9/11 landscape in New York. In Contentious City: The Politics of Recovery in New York City, John Mollenkopf had the difficult task of editing a volume of essays whose stated purpose is to address the political consequences of the 9/11 attack on New York City and to evaluate both the decision makers and their decisions. Mollenkopf states at the outset of the volume that “September 11 did indeed change the political dynamics of the city and the rest of the world, but in completely different ways than anticipated” (4). It is unfortunate that Mollenkopf chose to make such a sweeping conclusion at the outset of this volume. Cataclysmic events are generally best understood years, if not decades, after they happen, and 9/11 is no exception. As I recall, the news media kept repeating that 9/11 would change everything in New York City and the nation. It is surprising that nowhere in this volume does anyone make any effort to explain exactly what the media were saying and what changes they were anticipating. The most successful edited volumes are integrated around a theme or an interesting research question. Mollenkopf makes a valiant effort to put a frame around this diverse set of essays, but the real value in this volume as it relates to 9/11 comes in the essays by Lynn Sagalyn, Susan Fainstein, and Mitchell Moss. Did 9/11 significantly change the existing political dynamics in New York City, or is rebuilding the World Trade Center (WTC) just another economic development project in which political faultlines simply follow the usual intense, fractured, and contentious struggles of other large-scale development projects? Sagalyn and Fainstein put the WTC rebuilding process in context. At first glance, this is an epic story of the clash of interests—the power of a big developer; a public still in mourning after the terrorist attack; a government agency whose power was largely invisible to the public and which was unaccountable to the City’s elected officials; the destruction of a national icon and a symbol of American capitalism; an act of war with a still-unidentified enemy; and the City’s need to rebuild something spectacular and powerful to reclaim what was lost. All three writers in this section of the volume help us understand that the
Polymeric Materials Reinforced with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: A Constitutive Material Model

In this paper we have modified an existing material model introduced by Cantournet and co-workers to take into account softening and residual strain effects observed in polymeric materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes when subjected to loading and unloading cycles. In order to assess the accuracy of the modified material model, we have compared theoretical predictions with uniaxial extension experimental data obtained from reinforced polymeric material samples. It is shown that the proposed model follows experimental data well as its maximum errors attained are lower than 2.67%, 3.66%, 7.11% and 6.20% for brominated isobutylene and paramethylstyrene copolymer reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes (BIMSM-MWCNT), reinforced natural rubber (NR-MWCNT), polybutadiene-carbon black (PB-CB), and PC/ABS reinforced with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), respectively.
Virtualized cloud video services

We propose new architectures for collaborative video services using software defined networks (SDN) and cloud computing technologies. In the proposed architectures, the video service provider (VSP) is configured as a cloud service. The network service provider (NSP) employs SDN as a cloud service, consisting of a controller cloud and multiple edge network clouds. The proposed centralized and distributed collaborative cloud video services overcome quality of experience (QoE) fluctuations per flow and unfairness between multiple DASH clients employing TCP receive window adaptation over a network slice with reserved capacity as we show that quality of service (QoS) reservation alone is not sufficient to supply fair and steady QoE to all clients. In the centralized approach, the fair-share bitrate of each client is calculated by the traffic engineering module of the NSP, while in the distributed approach the clients collaborate with each other to calculate their own fair shares. Experimental results show that both collaboration architectures perform better than the competitive approach using standard TCP.
Theoretical and experimental study of control and energy management of a hybrid wind-photovoltaic system

This paper aims at the theoretical and experimental analysis of control and energy management of a standalone hybrid renewable energy system comprising wind and photovoltaic sources with battery storage. This system is characterized by a Very Low Voltage (VLV) node connection coupled to DC loads. An average model of a hybrid wind-photovoltaic generating system is proposed in this paper. It is shown that this model is interesting for analysing the dynamic behaviour of the system and for synthesising the control strategy. The control strategies of the sources are based on power, voltage and current control with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Experiments based on a physical emulator of the hybrid system with a lead acid accumulator and its DC load are considered to validate theoretical studies. The real time supervision and the energy management of the hybrid system is presented and detailed. The proposed energy management strategy has been simulated and experimentally implemented. Numerical and experimental results are presented and discussed, showing the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid system.
High-resolution spectro-polarimetry of a flaring sunspot penumbra

We present simultaneous photospheric and chromospheric observations of the trailing sunspot in NOAA 10904 during a weak flare eruption (GOES magnitude B7.8), obtained with the Swedish Solar Telescope (SST) in La Palma, Canary Islands. High-resolution Ca II H images show a typical two-ribbon structure that has been hitherto only known for larger flares, and the flare appears in a confined region that is discernible by a bright border. The underlying photosphere shows a disturbed penumbral structure with intersecting branches of penumbral filaments. High-resolution Doppler- and vector-magnetograms exhibit oppositely directed Evershed flows and magnetic field vectors in the individual penumbral branches, resulting in several regions of magnetic azimuth discontinuity and several islands where the vertical magnetic field is reversed. The discontinuity regions are co-spatial with the locations of the onset of the flare ribbons. From the results, we conclude that the confined flare region is detached from the global magnetic field structure by a separatrix marked by the bright border visible in Ca II H. We further conclude that the islands of reversed vertical field appear because of flux emergence and that the strong magnetic shear appearing in the regions of magnetic azimuth discontinuity triggers the flare.
The Role and Status of LEAs: Post-war pride and fin de siècle uncertainty

From the mid-1940s until the mid-1970s, most of Britain's political 'establishment' shared a tacit governing philosophy which embraced a broad commitment to the concept of 'a national system of education, locally administered'. More specifically, it was believed that the tripartite partnership established between central government, local government and the individual schools and colleges involved a network of checks and balances which would ensure the effective distribution of power throughout the system. This partnership survived the local political battles over comprehensive schooling in the 1950s and 1960s, but began to break down in the 1970s when economic dislocation and a national identity crisis ushered in a new era of accountability and sanctions. This 'breakdown' encompassed the trust and confidence that central government had once reposed in the competence of local education authorities. The erosion of confidence in LEA effectiveness intensified under the Thatcher and Major administrations and is further threatened by the privatising agenda of New Labour.