Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioural and experimental economics: are they really transforming economics?

Behavioural and experimental economics are part of an increasingly pluralistic mainstream economics, sharing with other recently established research programmes the revision of fundamental assumptions of the previously dominant neoclassical economics research programme. The recent proliferation and consolidation of these new approaches creates the possibility for the emergence of a new orthodoxy of economics, i.e. a new general research programme capable of replacing neoclassicism. The goal of this paper is to investigate the potential contribution of behavioural and experimental economics to help build a general research programme capable of supplanting neoclassical economics and thereby transforming economics. To this end, it focuses on two influential applied fields of behavioural and experimental economics--choice architecture and design economics. Copyright The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
A TREK-1-Like Potassium Channel in Atrial Cells Inhibited by &bgr;-Adrenergic Stimulation and Activated by Volatile Anesthetics

Many members of the two-pore-domain potassium (K+) channel family have been detected in the mammalian heart but the endogenous correlates of these channels still have to be identified. We investigated whether IKAA, a background K+ current activated by negative pressure (stretch) and by arachidonic acid (AA) and sensitive to intracellular acidification, could be the native correlate of TREK-1 in adult rat atrial cells. Using the inside-out configuration of the patch-clamp technique, we found that IKAA, like TREK-1, was outwardly rectifying in physiological K+ conditions, with a conductance of 41 pS at +50 mV. Like TREK-1, IKAA was reversibly activated by clinical concentrations of volatile anesthetics (in mmol/L, chloroform 0.18, halothane 0.11, and isoflurane 0.69). In cell-attached experiments, IKAA was inhibited by chlorophenylthio-cAMP (500 &mgr;mol/L) and also by stimulation of &bgr;-adrenergic receptors with isoproterenol (1 &mgr;mol/L). In addition, TREK-1 mRNAs were detected in all cardiac tissues, and the TREK-1 protein was immunolocalized in isolated atrial myocytes. Such a background potassium channel might contribute to the positive inotropic effects produced by &bgr;-adrenergic stimulation of the heart. It might also be involved in the regulation of the atrial natriuretic peptide secretion.
Control of the Modular Multi-Level Converter for minimized cell capacitance

The Modular Multi-Level Converter (M2C) is an emerging multi-level topology for medium-voltage inverters. The drawback of this topology is the high expense on capacitors in the inverter cells. This paper describes a method to minimize the required cell capacitance for a given point of operation (modulation index, displacement factor) by means of injecting harmonics into the circulating current. The required cell capacitance is significantly reduced by the proposed method.
A late IL-33 response after exposure to Schistosoma haematobium antigen is associated with an up-regulation of IL-13 in human eosinophils

IL‐33, a proposed alarmin, stimulates innate immune cells and Th2 cells to produce IL‐13 and is rapidly upregulated upon antigen exposure in murine helminth infection. The human IL‐33 response to helminth antigen was analysed in Malians infected with Schistosoma haematobium by disrupting parasite integrity via chemotherapy. Plasma IL‐33 was measured pretreatment, and 24 h and 9 weeks post‐treatment. At 24 h post‐treatment, IL‐33 levels were low. Nine week post‐treatment IL‐33 levels were elevated and were associated with an increase in intracellular IL‐13 in eosinophils. Up‐regulation of intracellular IL‐13 in eosinophils was also associated with eosinophil expression of ST2L, the IL‐33 receptor. IL‐33 may play an important downstream role in the human response to schistosome adult worm antigen exposure.
Structures of carbon catabolite protein A–(HPr-Ser46-P) bound to diverse catabolite response element sites reveal the basis for high-affinity binding to degenerate DNA operators

In Gram-positive bacteria, carbon catabolite protein A (CcpA) is the master regulator of carbon catabolite control, which ensures optimal energy usage under diverse conditions. Unlike other LacI-GalR proteins, CcpA is activated for DNA binding by first forming a complex with the phosphoprotein HPr-Ser46-P. Bacillus subtilis CcpA functions as both a transcription repressor and activator and binds to more than 50 operators called catabolite response elements (cres). These sites are highly degenerate with the consensus, WTGNNARCGNWWWCAW. How CcpA–(HPr-Ser46-P) binds such diverse sequences is unclear. To gain insight into this question, we solved the structures of the CcpA–(HPr-Ser46-P) complex bound to three different operators, the synthetic (syn) cre, ackA2 cre and gntR-down cre. Strikingly, the structures show that the CcpA-bound operators display different bend angles, ranging from 31° to 56°. These differences are accommodated by a flexible linkage between the CcpA helix-turn-helix-loop-helix motif and hinge helices, which allows independent docking of these DNA-binding modules. This flexibility coupled with an abundance of non-polar residues capable of non-specific nucleobase interactions permits CcpA–(HPr-Ser46-P) to bind diverse operators. Indeed, biochemical data show that CcpA–(HPr-Ser46-P) binds the three cre sites with similar affinities. Thus, the data reveal properties that license this protein to function as a global transcription regulator.
Open-Trial Pilot Study of a Comprehensive School-Based Intervention for High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

There is a notable lack of manualized comprehensive school-based interventions (CSBIs) for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASDs). This pilot study examined the feasibility and initial efficacy of a CSBI for 12 children with HFASDs, aged 6 to 9 years. Treatment included a 3-week summer preparation program followed by a 10-month CSBI, composed of social skills groups, therapeutic activities, face and voice emotion recognition instruction, an individual daily note, and parent training. Feasibility was supported in high levels of treatment fidelity and teacher- and parent-reported acceptability and satisfaction. Pre–post comparisons suggested that children significantly improved their knowledge of target social skills and ability to identify emotions in facial and vocal expressions. According to parent and teacher ratings, children displayed gains in their use of target social skills and broader social performance, as well as reductions in ASD-related features.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for an Indian Adolescent With Depression

This case study describes the treatment of an adolescent male, referred to as ML, who presented with a significant decline in academic performance coupled with a difficulty in coping with parental pressure. A formal assessment revealed the signs of moderate depression with anxiety features, especially on the dimensions of tension and guilt proneness. He was treated with 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) along with group sessions of family therapy and interpersonal therapy. ML’s progress throughout treatment is detailed in this case study report. Results lend support to the body of case series studies attesting to the efficacy of CBT for use with adolescents with depression and anxiety, further implicating the importance of the role played by the parents in the conceptualization, maintenance, as well as treatment of the adolescent.
Melasma: clinical diagnosis and management options

Melasma is a common acquired disorder of pigmentation most commonly seen in those with skin of colour. It has long been a condition that is frustrating for both the dermatologist and patient to treat. This article provides a review of the literature on melasma and examines, in detail, various treatment options currently available to treat it.
Estimation of a Nonlinear Intervention Phase Trajectory for Multiple-Baseline Design Data

A multilevel logistic model for estimating a nonlinear trajectory in a multiple-baseline design is introduced. The model is applied to data from a real multiple-baseline design study to demonstrate interpretation of relevant parameters. A simple change-in-levels (ΔLevels) model and a model involving a quadratic function (Quadratic) for the nonlinear intervention phase data were also estimated. In addition, a simulation study was conducted to assess Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation of the logistic model and compare its trajectory recovery with use of the ΔLevels and Quadratic models. While most of the logistic model's parameter values were recovered well, trajectory recovery was very reasonable using the simpler Quadratic model. Results are discussed along with recommendations for practitioners and directions for future research.
A logic-based representation for coalitional games with externalities

We consider the issue of representing coalitional games in multiagent systems that exhibit externalities from coalition formation, i.e., systems in which the gain from forming a coalition may be affected by the formation of other co-existing coalitions. Although externalities play a key role in many real-life situations, very little attention has been given to this issue in the multi-agent system literature, especially with regard to the computational aspects involved. To this end, we propose a new representation which, in the spirit of Ieong and Shoham [9], is based on Boolean expressions. The idea behind our representation is to construct much richer expressions that allow for capturing externalities induced upon coalitions. We show that the new representation is fully expressive, at least as concise as the conventional partition function game representation and, for many games, exponentially more concise. We evaluate the efficiency of our new representation by considering the problem of computing the Extended and Generalized Shapley value, a powerful extension of the conventional Shapley value to games with externalities. We show that by using our new representation, the Extended and Generalized Shapley value, which has not been studied in the computer science literature to date, can be computed in time linear in the size of the input.
Effect of different concentrations of dietary P and Ca on plasma inorganic P and urinary P excretion using noncolostomized and colostomized broilers

Abstract Two 5‐d bioassays were conducted to explore the P physiological threshold in broilers based on plasma inorganic P (iP), urinary P and Ca, and excreta P and Ca measurements in non‐colostomized and colostomized broilers fed with different concentrations of non‐phytate P (NPP) and Ca. In Experiment 1, 80 40‐day‐old Cobb 500 non‐colostomized male broilers were assorted into 8 groups consisting of 10 broilers each and placed in individual metabolic cages. Similarly, 8 colostomized broilers of same age were allotted to 8 individual metabolic cages. The experimental diets consisted of a corn soybean meal basal containing 0.17% phytate P (PP) with 8 concentrations (0.08, 0.13, 0.18, 0.23, 0.28, 0.33, 0.38, and 0.45%) of NPP. The dietary Ca concentration was maintained at 0.5% by adjusting a 185‐micron particle size limestone with each concentration of added P from added calcium phosphate, dibasic, monohydrate. After Experiment 1, broilers were fed a standard grower diet for 5 d and Experiment 2 was conducted the same as Experiment 1; however, Ca was maintained at 0.9% for all test diets. Plasma iP, urinary P and Ca, and total P (TP) and Ca retention along with phytate P hydrolysis were measured. At 0.5% Ca dietary level, the inflection points for dietary NPP obtained from segmented line regression analysis for plasma iP, urinary P, and urinary Ca were 0.26% (±0.04 SE), 0.28% (±0.01 SE), and 0.30% (±0.04 SE), respectively. The similar values for 0.9% Ca diets were 0.27% (±0.03 SE), 0.21% (±0.03 SE), and 0.30% (±0.0 SE), respectively. In summary, the present findings suggest that an increased dietary NPP would increase plasma inorganic P concentration along with increased % retention of TP and NPP until the broilers reach a point of physiological steady state (7.51 mg iP/dL ‐ 8.13 mg iP/dL as found in this study). Excess P beyond physiological threshold is eliminated in urine coupled with decreased % retention.
L'animation d'un espace numérique de discussion : l''exemple des forums usenet

Cet article est consacre a l’emergence du role d’animateur dans un forum de discussion usenet non modere. Nous definirons dans un premier temps les specificites d’un forum de discussion en tant que document numerique. Puis, a partir de l’analyse conversationnelle d’un forum de discussion francophone non modere, nous decrirons la maniere dont un participant de forum peut occuper le role d’animateur « occasionnel » en adoptant un comportement interactionnel adapte. Nous verrons alors que ce role permet d’assurer la coherence de l’espace numerique de discussion et aussi d’occuper le leadership dans cet espace, car il repose sur un certains nombre d’actes de langage qui sont des marqueurs de position haute dans la conversation.
More Than Telling a Story: Transforming Data into Visually Shared Stories

The authors take a closer look at how the visualization community has discussed visual storytelling and present a visual data storytelling process, incorporating steps involved in finding insights (explore data), turning these insights into a narrative (make a story), and communicating this narrative to an audience (tell a story). They also discuss opportunities for future research in visualization as a storytelling medium in the light of this broader process.
Resisting label-neighborhood attacks in outsourced social networks

With the popularity of cloud computing, many companies would outsource their social network data to a cloud service provider, where privacy leaks have become a more and more serious problem. However, most of the previous studies have ignored an important fact, i.e., in real social networks, users possess various attributes and have the flexibility to decide which attributes of their profiles are sensitive attributes by themselves. These sensitive attributes of the users should be protected from being revealed when outsourcing a social network to a cloud service provider. In this paper, we consider the problem of resisting privacy attacks with neighborhood information of both network structure and labels of one-hop neighbors as background knowledge. To tackle this problem, we propose a Global Similarity-based Group Anonymization (GSGA) method to generate a anonymized social network while maintaining as much utility as possible. We also extensively evaluate our approach on both real data set and synthetic data sets. Evaluation results show that the social network anonymized by our approach can still be used to answer aggregation queries with high accuracy.
Shifting Gears or Slamming the Brakes? A Review of Police Behavioural Change in a Post-Apartheid Police Unit

Since the mid-1990s, the state police agency in South Africa has embarked on programmes to "transform" itself into a service that is suited to a democratic political dispensation in South Africa. This has meant that policing has had to become more tolerant, community-oriented and democratic. This article attempts to appraise this transformation process by looking at the conduct of the Public Order Police (POP), a unit of the South African Police Service (SAPS), in recent years. Observations of the unit and interviews with members of all ranks demonstrate that significant change in police responses toward the public has taken place. However, members of the unit repeat past behaviour despite organizational reform processes. Drawing on the work of Janet Chan and Edgar Schein, resistance to change is explained in terms of deeply held assumptions, attitudes and values.
Pharmacological Effects of Lu AA21004: A Novel Multimodal Compound for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

1-[2-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl-sulfanyl)-phenyl]-piperazine (Lu AA21004) is a human (h) serotonin (5-HT)3A receptor antagonist (Ki = 3.7 nM), h5-HT7 receptor antagonist (Ki = 19 nM), h5-HT1B receptor partial agonist (Ki = 33 nM), h5-HT1A receptor agonist (Ki = 15 nM), and a human 5-HT transporter (SERT) inhibitor (Ki = 1.6 nM) (J Med Chem 54:3206–3221, 2011). Here, we confirm that Lu AA21004 is a partial h5-HT1B receptor agonist [EC50 = 460 nM, intrinsic activity = 22%] using a whole-cell cAMP-based assay and demonstrate that Lu AA21004 is a rat (r) 5-HT7 receptor antagonist (Ki = 200 nM and IC50 = 2080 nM). In vivo, Lu AA21004 occupies the r5-HT1B receptor and rSERT (ED50 = 3.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively) after subcutaneous administration and is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist in the Bezold-Jarisch reflex assay (ED50 = 0.11 mg/kg s.c.). In rat microdialysis experiments, Lu AA21004 (2.5–10.0 mg/kg s.c.) increased extracellular 5-HT, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. Lu AA21004 (5 mg/kg per day for 3 days; minipump subcutaneously), corresponding to 41% rSERT occupancy, significantly increased extracellular 5-HT in the ventral hippocampus. Furthermore, the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, potentiated the increase in extracellular levels of 5-HT induced by citalopram. Lu AA21004 has antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in the rat forced swim (Flinders Sensitive Line) and social interaction and conditioned fear tests (minimal effective doses: 7.8, 2.0, and 3.9 mg/kg). In conclusion, Lu AA21004 mediates its pharmacological effects via two pharmacological modalities: SERT inhibition and 5-HT receptor modulation. In vivo, this results in enhanced release of several neurotransmitters and antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like profiles at doses for which targets in addition to the SERT are occupied. The multimodal activity profile of Lu AA21004 is distinct from that of current antidepressants.
Using dual eye-tracking to unveil coordination and expertise in collaborative Tetris

The use of dual eye-tracking is investigated in a collaborative game setting. The automatic collection of information about partner's gaze will eventually serve to build adaptive interfaces. Following this agenda, and in order to identify stable gaze patterns, we investigate the impact of social and task related context upon individual gaze and action during a collaborative Tetris game. Results show that experts as well as novices adapt their playing style when interacting in mixed ability pairs. We also present machine learning results about the prediction of player's social context.
A Soft Error Rate Model for MOS Dynamic RAM's

A soft error rate analysis model for MOS dynamic RAM's is presented. The soft error rate can be quantitatively calculated by using a solution of the equations for diffusion and collection of alpha-particle-induced excess electrons and by combining a statistical treatment of alpha particle energy, incidence angles, and incidence positions with the noise charge calculation. The model is then applied to analyze a soft error experiment on 64-kbit dynamic RAM's. It is shown that soft error characteristics with regard to signal charge (critical charge), as well as alpha energy and incidence angle dependencies, can be definitely determined. The model can also be used to predict the location of soft errors in MOS dynamic RAM's.
A multi-user power control algorithm for digital subscriber lines

The paper investigates the power control problem in a frequency-selective interference channel. A centralized power control algorithm is developed with the objective of maximizing the achievable rate region given an average power constraint for each user. The proposed algorithm is based on the multi-user discrete bit-loading algorithm that considers the power allocation over frequency and users simultaneously. Simulation results for very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) systems show that the proposed algorithm achieves a larger rate region than that achieved by a power control algorithm based on iterative waterfilling.
Efficacy of a Hybrid Upper Limb Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System in Lessening Selected Impairments and Dysfunctions Consequent to Cerebral Damage

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a new computerized neu romuscular electric stimulation system (Handmaster™) in improving selected im pairments and functional measures of patients who survived stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Survivors of stroke (n = 13) and TBI (n = 7) with chronic paralysis lasting 6.8 ± 7.8 years (range 1 to 29 years) participated in a home program of elec trical stimulation. The device is a hybrid of a hand-forearm splint that incorporates five surface electrodes and a computerized electrical stimulator. The patterned stimu lation elicits finger flexion and extension, lateral pinch, and grasp of the paralyzed hand. Patients practiced daily for 3.4 ± 0.5 hours over a mean duration of 13.1 ± 6.6 weeks. Assessment included goniometric measurements of wrist and elbow rest ing posture, passive and active joints motion, linear distance of fingers to palm, Ash worth scale, and the ability to hold a 1 kg load in the affected hand. The Frenchay arm test represented hand function. Results : ANOVA tests and Wilcoxon signed rank test were employed. There were significant improvements (p = 0.01) in elbow, wrist, and fingers posture; Ash worth scale; volitional active elbow flexion (32.5 ± 12.7°); wrist extension (12.7 ± 11.1°) and flexion (9.03 ± 4.5°). Passive wrist extension improved 13.7 ± 3.6°. Thir teen patients (65 percent) had active wrist extension post stimulation compared with only three (15 percent) before study commencement. Partial completion of the Fren chay tasks were observed before stimulation in only three patients compared with partial completion of tasks by nine patients at study conclusion. Post stimulation, 16 of 20 patients were able to hold a 1 kg weight with the NESS system active, com pared with only three patients without it. Conclusions: Application of the NESS system for three to four hours daily im proves selected impairments and may help to restore partial hand functions of patients with chronic stroke or head injury. Key Words: Chronic—Stroke—Brain injury— Electrical stimulation—Motor recovery.