Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Species‐dependent adaptation of the cardiac Na+/K+ pump kinetics to the intracellular Na+ concentration

The sodium/potassium pump is a membrane protein that maintains the Na+ and K+ concentration gradients across the plasma membrane and is therefore a key component of the cardiac contraction mechanism. Numerical models of the pump provide insight into its physiological role but most existing models neglect the significant known quantitative differences in pump kinetics between different species. We developed a biophysical mechanistic modelling framework, designed specifically to enable a fully consistent species‐specific characterisation of the pump function. We applied this framework to generate two separate species‐specific models, for the guinea pig and rat, and compared their respective kinetics in terms of objectively characterised biophysical parameters. We incorporated our rat‐specific Na+/K+ ATPase model into a whole‐cell simulation and, for the first time, were able to reproduce measurements of the steady‐state intracellular sodium concentration as a function of pacing frequency.
A multimodal corpus for integrated language and action

We describe a corpus for research on learning everyday tasks in natural environments using the combination of natural language description and rich sensor data that we have collected for the CAET (Cognitive Assistant for Everyday Tasks) project. We have collected audio, video, Kinect RGB-Depth video and RFID object-touch data while participants demonstrate how to make a cup of tea. The raw data are augmented with gold-standard annotations for the language representation and the actions performed. We augment activity observation with natural language instruction to assist in task learning.
Institute for Mathematical Physics an Algebraic Invariant for Substitution Tiling Systems an Algebraic Invariant for Substitution Tiling Systems

We consider tilings of Euclidean spaces by polygons or polyhedra, in particular, tilings made by a substitution process, such as the Penrose tilings of the plane. We deene an isomorphism invariant related to a subgroup of rotations and compute it for various examples. We also extend our analysis to more general dynamical systems.
Noninvasive measurement and analysis of intestinal myoelectrical activity using surface electrodes

Intestinal myoelectrical activity (IMA), which determines bowel mechanical activity, is the result of two components: a low-frequency component [slow wave (SW)] that is always present, and a high-frequency component [spike bursts (SB)] which is associated with bowel contractions. Despite of the diagnostic significance of internal recordings of IMA, clinical application of this technique is limited due to its invasiveness. Thus, surface recording of IMA which is also called electroenterogram (EEnG) could be a solution for noninvasive monitoring of intestinal motility. The aim of our work was to identify slow wave and spike burst activity on surface EEnG in order to quantify bowel motor activity. For this purpose, we conducted simultaneous recordings of IMA in bowel serosa and on abdominal surface of five Beagle dogs in fast state. Surface EEnG was studied in spectral domain and frequency bands for slow wave and spike burst energy were determined. Maximum signal-to-interference ratio (7.5dB/spl plusmn/36%) on SB frequency band was obtained when reducing upper frequency limit of signal analysis. Energy of external EEnG in reduced SB frequency band (2-7.9Hz) presented a high correlation (0.71/spl plusmn/7%) with internal intensity of contractions. Our results suggest that energy of SB can be quantified on external EEnG which could provide a noninvasive method for monitoring intestinal mechanical activity.
Habitat heterogeneities versus spatial type frequency variances as driving forces of dispersal evolution

Understanding the evolution of dispersal is essential for understanding and predicting the dynamics of natural populations. Two main factors are known to influence dispersal evolution: spatio-temporal variation in the environment and relatedness between individuals. However, the relation between these factors is still poorly understood, and they are usually treated separately. In this article, I present a theoretical framework that contains and connects effects of both environmental variation and relatedness, and reproduces and extends their known features. Spatial habitat variation selects for balanced dispersal strategies, whereby the population is kept at an ideal free distribution. Within this class of dispersal strategies, I explain how increased dispersal is promoted by perturbations to the dispersal type frequencies. An explicit formula shows the magnitude of the selective advantage of increased dispersal in terms of the spatial variability in the frequencies of the different dispersal strategies present. These variances are capable of capturing various sources of stochasticity and hence establish a common scale for their effects on the evolution of dispersal. The results furthermore indicate an alternative approach to identifying effects of relatedness on dispersal evolution.
A Novel Dipole Antenna Design With an Over 100% Operational Bandwidth

A novel design of a dipole antenna with ultrawideband characteristics is presented, which uses an additional shorter dipole as a matching element whose imaginary part (or susceptance) of input admittance compensates for that of the principal dipole in the frequency band of operation. Since both dipole elements efficiently radiate energy, the proposed twin-dipole antenna exhibits a higher efficiency compared to a conventional design. The measurement results have revealed that the twin-dipole is able to achieve a bandwidth of 131% (S11 <; -10 dB) from 1.6 GHz up to 7.7 GHz, with good radiation performance and more than 75% radiation efficiency.
Psychopharmacology of Antipsychotics

1. Introduction 2. Two Key Neurotransmitter Systems 3. Three Dimensions of Pathology in Schizophrenia 4. Causes of Schizophrenia 5. Course of Illness in Schizophrenia 6. Psychopharmacology of Psychoses other then Schizophrenia 7. Classical Neuroleptic Antipsychotics 8. The Clozapine Story 9. Atypical Antipsychotics 10. Extrapyrimidal Effects and the New Antipsychotics 11. Efficacy Improvements and the New Antipsychotics 12. Special Populations
Proposal of a Model for effective Management and Development of virtual Teams

The main aim of this paper is to present a pilot proposal of a model of "Virtual Development Management System" (ViDeMaS) which will facilitate more effective management and development of virtual teams. Management and development of virtual teams is not a simple concept. It comprises a body of knowledge from a number of fields and scientific disciplines. The complexity of the concept may not be simplified as it is absolutely essential for full understanding of its nature. In order to gain better orientation in the concept, different perspectives will be used in the description of the model, which will enable us to achieve the goal of the work and to present the main results of the work (creation of a model for Virtual Development Management System). The present paper thus describes from different perspectives the proposal of a sufficiently detailed and complex model that may be utilized both on theoretical and application level.
T6BP and NDP52 are myosin VI binding partners with potential roles in cytokine signalling and cell adhesion

Myosin VI has been implicated in many cellular processes including endocytosis, secretion, membrane ruffling and cell motility. We carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified TRAF6-binding protein (T6BP) and nuclear dot protein 52 (NDP52) as myosin VI binding partners. Myosin VI interaction with T6BP and NDP52 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo and the binding sites on each protein were accurately mapped. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy showed that T6BP, NDP52 and myosin VI are present at the trans side of the Golgi complex, and on vesicles in the perinuclear region. Although the SKICH domain in T6BP and NDP52 does not mediate recruitment into membrane ruffles, loss of T6BP and NDP52 in RNAi knockdown cells results in reduced membrane ruffling activity and increased stress fibre and focal adhesion formation. Furthermore, we observed in these knockdown cells an upregulation of constitutive secretion of alkaline phosphatase, implying that both proteins act as negative regulators of secretory traffic at the Golgi complex. T6BP was also found to inhibit NF-κB activation, implicating it in the regulation of TRAF6-mediated cytokine signalling. Thus myosin VI-T6BP interactions may link membrane trafficking pathways with cell adhesion and cytokine-dependent cell signalling.
Reinforcement Learning for Continuous Stochastic Control Problems

This paper is concerned with the problem of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for continuous state space and time stochastic control problems. We state the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation satisfied by the value function and use a Finite-Difference method for designing a convergent approximation scheme. Then we propose a RL algorithm based on this scheme and prove its convergence to the optimal solution.
Modulation of the Nuclear Factor κb Pathway by Shp-2 Tyrosine Phosphatase in Mediating the Induction of Interleukin (Il)-6 by IL-1 or Tumor Necrosis Factor

Shp-2, a src homology (SH)2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase, appears to be involved in cytoplasmic signaling downstream of a variety of cell surface receptors, although the mechanism is unclear. Here, we have determined a role of Shp-2 in the cytokine circuit for inflammatory and immune responses. Production of interleukin (IL)-6 in response to IL-1α or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was nearly abolished in homozygous mutant (Shp-2−/−) fibroblast cells. The targeted Shp-2 mutation has no significant effect on the activation of the three types of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (Jnk), and p38, by IL-1/TNF, indicating that Shp-2 does not work through MAP kinase pathways in mediating IL-1/TNF-induced IL-6 synthesis. In contrast, IL-1/TNF-stimulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB DNA binding activity and inhibitor of κB (IκB) phosphorylation was dramatically decreased in Shp-2−/− cells, while the expression and activity of NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK), Akt, and IκB kinase (IKK) were not changed. Reintroduction of a wild-type Shp-2 protein into Shp-2−/− cells rescued NF-κB activation and IL-6 production in response to IL-1/TNF stimulation. Furthermore, Shp-2 tyrosine phosphatase was detected in complexes with IKK as well as with IL-1 receptor. Thus, this SH2-containing enzyme is an important cytoplasmic factor required for efficient NF-κB activation. These results elucidate a novel mechanism of Shp-2 in cytokine signaling by specifically modulating the NF-κB pathway in a MAP kinase–independent fashion.
EEG-Based Emotion Recognition during Music Listening

In Music Emotion Research, the goal is to quantify and explain how music influences our emotional states. Scientists realize that human brain is relevant to emotion, and it leads to the study of human emotion by capturing information from brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an efficient tool to capture brainwave. This research proposes a framework to recognize human emotions during music listening by using EEG. In this research, MIDI music files are used, 12 electrodes of EEG are selected and placed according to the 10-20 international standard. Two-Dimensional emotion model is used to represent human emotions. The experiment starts from music selection, music listening with brainwave capturing, and ends with emotion self-annotation continuously. For data analysis, Fractal Dimension value calculations by Higuchi Algorithm are performed, and Support Vector Machine is applied. The results of emotion classification are satisfied, with the accuracy of 90% for arousal classification and 86% for valence classification on average.
Highly Differentiated Projection-Specific Cortical Subnetworks

Pyramidal cells in the neocortex are differentiated into several subgroups based on their extracortical projection targets. However, little is known regarding the relative intracortical connectivity of pyramidal neurons specialized for these specific output channels. We used paired recordings and quantitative morphological analysis to reveal distinct synaptic transmission properties, connection patterns, and morphological differentiation correlated with heterogeneous thalamic input to two different groups of pyramidal cells residing in layer 5 (L5) of rat frontal cortex. Retrograde tracers were used to label two projection subtypes in L5: crossed-corticostriatal (CCS) cells projecting to both sides of the striatum, and corticopontine (CPn) cells projecting to the ipsilateral pons. Although CPn/CPn and CCS/CCS pairs had similar connection probabilities, CPn/CPn pairs exhibited greater reciprocal connectivity, stronger unitary synaptic transmission, and more facilitation of paired-pulse responses. These synaptic characteristics were strongly correlated to the projection subtype of the presynaptic neuron. CPn and CCS cells were further differentiated according to their somatic position (L5a and L5b, the latter denser thalamic afferent fibers) and their dendritic/axonal arborizations. Together, our data demonstrate that the pyramidal projection system is segregated into different output channels according to subcortical target and thalamic input, and that information flow within and between these channels is selectively organized.
Long-term retention of infant memories : a special issue of memory

R. Fivush, Introductory Comments. L. McDonough, J.M. Mandler, Very Long? term Recall in Infants: Infantile Amnesia Reconsidered. N.A. Myers, E.E. Perris, C.J. Speaker, Fifty Months of Memory: A Longitudinal Study in Early Childhood. P.J. Bauer, L.A. Hertsgaard, G. Annunziato Dow, After 8 Months Have Passed: Long-term Recall of Events by 1- to 2-year old Children. M.E. Boyer, K.L. Barron, M. Jeffrey Farrar, Three-year-olds Remember a Novel Event from 20 Months: Evidence for Long-term Memory in Children. E.G. Sheffield, J.A. Hudson, Reactivation of Toddlers' Event Memory. K. Nelson, Long-term Retention of Memory for Preverbal Experience: Evidence and Implications.
Sources, cycling and export of nitrogen on the Greenland Ice Sheet

Abstract. Fjord and continental shelf environments in the polar regions are host to some of the planet's most productive ecosystems and support economically important fisheries. Their productivity, however, is often critically dependent upon nutrient supply from upstream terrestrial environments delivered via river systems. In glacially fed coastal ecosystems, riverine nutrients are largely sourced from melting snow and ice. The largest and most extensive glacially fed coastal ecosystem in the Arctic is that bordering the Greenland Ice Sheet. The future primary productivity of this ecosystem, however, is uncertain. A potential increase in primary productivity driven by reduced sea ice extent and associated increased light levels may be curtailed by insufficient nutrient supply, and specifically nitrogen. Research on small valley glaciers indicates that glaciers are important sources of nitrogen to downstream environments. However, no data exist from ice sheet systems such as Greenland. Time series of nitrogen concentrations in runoff are documented from a large Greenland glacier, demonstrating seasonally elevated fluxes to the ocean. Fluxes are highest in mid-summer, when nitrogen limitation is commonly reported in coastal waters. It is estimated that approximately half of the glacially exported nitrogen is sourced from microbial activity within glacial sediments at the surface and bed of the ice sheet, doubling nitrogen fluxes in runoff. Summer dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes from the Greenland Ice Sheet (30–40 Gg) are a similar order of magnitude to those from a large Arctic river (Holmes et al., 2012). Nitrogen yields from the ice sheet (236 kg TDN km−2 a−1), however, are approximately double those from Arctic riverine catchments. We assert that this ice sheet nitrogen subsidy to Arctic coastal ecosystems may be important for understanding coastal biodiversity, productivity and fisheries and should be considered in future biogeochemical modelling studies of coastal marine productivity in the Arctic regions.
Devic's Neuromyelitis Optica Treated with Intravenous Gamma Globulin (IVIG)

Abstract Background: Devic's syndrome is a demyelinating disease of the spinal cord and optic nerves. It tends to have a poor prognosis, probably due to the occurrence of necrosis within lesions. There is no proven effective treatment although relapses are commonly treated with corticosteroids and people with recurrent attacks may be managed with chronic immune suppressing treatments. Intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange are reasonable treatment options because Devic's syndrome is believed to be antibody mediated. We report two patients of Devic's syndrome that stabilized following initiation of monthly IVIG. Patient 1: A 42-year-old woman with a 23 year history of Devic's syndrome continued to have frequent attacks of optic neuritis unresponsive to daily corticosteroids and azathioprine. Since initiation of monthly IVIG 5/2 years ago she has had no further definite attacks. She has also noted minimal improvement in color perception. Patient 2: A 58-year-old woman with a three year history of Devic's syndrome experienced five attacks during the first 16 months of disease. Monthly IVIG was associated with complete cessation of relapses and significantly improved neurological status over one year of treatment. Conclusions: Because active Devic's disease often results in severe, permanent neurological impairment, preventive intervention should be considered. These cases suggest that IVIG may be effective in preventing attacks and possibly in enhancing neurological recovery. Randomized controlled trials will be needed to confirm this and to determine optimal dosing and treatment duration.
Climate change and peak oil : an analysis of (false) beliefs regarding two 21st-century world challenges

Aworkgroup of twenty leading scientists and global leaders identified ten global boundaries not to be crossed to prevent serious imbalances in natural systems for the Tallberg Foundation (Tallberg Forum 2008). The group identified 350 parts per million (ppm) C 0 2 in the air as one of these boundaries. Houghton (2004) shows that we have already reached that level now and that we are heading towards 450 ppm. Politicians consider 450 ppm as the lowest realistic limit for the end of the 21st century. That is the target for the global agreement at the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, but only a few optimistic people see this as a realistic target and even fear a level of 550 ppm at the end of the century. The large emissions of C 0 2 are due to the use of fossil energy. Because of the high gain energy level of gas and oil, these are the two most important resources used at present. The growing world population and the increasing economic welfare of the two Asian countries with the largest populations, China and India, resulted in a tremendous increase in demand for gas and oil. Experts expect that between 2015 and 2025 the demand for gas and oil will be larger than newly proven gas and oil resources, resulting in a decline of overall remaining gas and oil resources. This is known as peak oil (Aleklett and Campbell 2003). As an
Localized Cortical Surface Asymmetry Analysis

We present a computational framework for analyzing brain hemispheric asymmetry without any kind of image flipping. In order to perform brain asymmetry analysis, it is necessary to flip 3D magnetic resonance images (MRI) and establish the hemispheric correspondence by registering the original image to the flipped image. The difference between the original and the flipped images is then used as a measure of cerebral asymmetry. Instead of physically flipping MRI and performing image registration, we construct the global algebraic representation of cortical surface us ing spherical harmonics. Then using the inherent angular symmetry present in the spherical harmonics, image flipping is done by changing the sign of the asymmetric part in the representation. The surface registration between hemisphere s and different subjects is done algebraically within the rep resentation itself without any time consuming numerical optimization. The methodology has been applied in localizing the abnormal cortical asymmetry pattern of in a group of autistic subjects using the logistic discriminant analy sis. Since the logistic discriminant analysis avoids the tr aditional hypothesis testing paradigm, the complicated mul tiple comparison issue that plagues the brain imaging community has been avoided.
FATHOMing out interdisciplinary research transfer

This paper presents a case study on the development and deployment of a computerised, non-invasive psychological profiling system which detects human comprehension through the monitoring of multiple channels of facial nonverbal behaviour using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Prior work on an earlier system known as Silent Talker, led to collaborations and a funded project with Family Health International 360 (FHI 360) in collaboration with the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), to produce the FATHOM system for measuring comprehension of the informed consent process amongst women in Tanzania. This paper describes the process of taking a working research prototype and deploying the system in a real working environment. The paper discusses the process of contract negotiation, global ethics and intellectual property rights. The FATHOM system and initial results are described.
Glutamatergic activation of locus coeruleus induces selective norafrenergic modulation of medial and lateral perforant path evoked potentials in the dentate gyrus of the anaesthetized rat

Norepinephrine (NE) induces long-lasting potentiation of the medial perforant path (PP) and depression of the lateral PP input to dentate gyrus (DG) in vitro. In vivo, nucleus paragigantocellularis stimulation transiently potentiates the medial PP evoked population spike and depresses a lateral PP mediated synaptic potential in DG following locus coeruleus (LC) activation. In contrast, using glutamatergic activation of LC, this study in one experiment observed the expected potentiation of medial PP input to DG, but no depression of the lateral PP evoked potential (LOT stimulation, 60 s ISI) in DG post activation. A second experiment (10 s ISI) demonstrated significant potentiation of the lateral PP input to DG for 30 min immediately following LC activation, but no potentiation of the medial PP input. These results contrast with previous NE-induced in vitro and in vivo modulation of the lateral and medial PP, but resemble the long-term heterosynaptic interactions observed with tetanic stimulation of the medial and lateral PP, suggesting a competitive relationship between the medial and lateral PP inputs to DG in which the input paired most strongly and consistently with elevated LC-NE levels in the hippocampus controls the network.