Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supersymmetric quantum mechanics for string bits

We develop possible versions of supersymmetric single-particle quantum mechanics, with application to superstring-bit models in view. We focus principally on space dimensions d=1,2,4,8, the transverse dimensionalities of superstring in 3, 4, 6, and 10 space-time dimensions. These are the cases for which {open_quotes}classical{close_quotes} superstring makes sense, and also the values of d for which Hooke{close_quote}s force law is compatible with the simplest superparticle dynamics. The basic question we address is the following: When is it possible to replace such harmonic force laws with more general ones, including forces which vanish at large distances? This is an important question because forces between string bits that do not fall off with distance will almost certainly destroy cluster decomposition. We show that the answer is affirmative for d=1,2, negative for d=8, and so far inconclusive for d=4. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Loss of miR-10a Activates Lpo and Collaborates with Activated Wnt Signaling in Inducing Intestinal Neoplasia in Female Mice

miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that, due to their considerable potential to target a wide range of mRNAs, are implicated in essentially all biological process, including cancer. miR-10a is particularly interesting considering its conserved location in the Hox cluster of developmental regulators. A role for this microRNA has been described in developmental regulation as well as for various cancers. However, previous miR-10a studies are exclusively based on transient knockdowns of this miRNA and to extensively study miR-10a loss we have generated a miR-10a knock out mouse. Here we show that, in the Apcmin mouse model of intestinal neoplasia, female miR-10a deficient mice develop significantly more adenomas than miR-10+/+ and male controls. We further found that Lpo is extensively upregulated in the intestinal epithelium of mice deprived of miR-10a. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrate that the primary miR-10a target KLF4 can upregulate transcription of Lpo, whereas siRNA knockdown of KLF4 reduces LPO levels in HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, Klf4 is upregulated in the intestines of miR-10a knockout mice. Lpo has previously been shown to have the capacity to oxidize estrogens into potent depurinating mutagens, creating an instable genomic environment that can cause initiation of cancer. Therefore, we postulate that Lpo upregulation in the intestinal epithelium of miR-10a deficient mice together with the predominant abundance of estrogens in female animals mainly accounts for the sex-related cancer phenotype we observed. This suggests that miR-10a could be used as a potent diagnostic marker for discovering groups of women that are at high risk of developing colorectal carcinoma, which today is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths.
Learning to rank images from eye movements

Combining multiple information sources can improve the accuracy of search in information retrieval. This paper presents a new image search strategy which combines image features together with implicit feedback from users' eye movements, using them to rank images. In order to better deal with larger data sets, we present a perceptron formulation of the Ranking Support Vector Machine algorithm. We present initial results on inferring the rank of images presented in a page based on simple image features and implicit feedback of users. The results show that the perceptron algorithm improves the results, and that fusing eye movements and image histograms gives better rankings to images than either of these features alone.
Title the Vibrissa Resonance Hypothesis the Vibrissa Resonance Hypothesis

Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Maria Neimark and Dr. Jason Ritt for collaboration on development of many of the ideas presented here, and Cheryl Cheney for assistance in preparation of the manuscript. Overview The vibrissa sensory system has recently emerged as a predominant model for investigation of mammalian sensory processing. The anatomical markers of representation throughout the system, most notably the barrels in primary somatosensory cortex (SI) [1], make this system attractive for studies of neural structure and function. Further, rats can employ their vibrissae for a wide variety of perceptual tasks, ranging from shape perception to the fine discrimination of textured surfaces. Despite the growing interest in the vibrissa sensory system, until recently the transduction of information into neural activity by the vibrissae themselves has received relatively little attention. In this chapter, we propose the vibrissa resonance hypothesis. We suggest that one of the intrinsic biomechanical properties of the vibrissae—their propensity to resonate at specific frequencies—plays an important role in information processing. Specifically, we propose that the amplification of high frequency inputs by vibrissa resonance should enhance the detection of small amplitude high frequency stimuli (e.g., of sound or of surface roughness) and that the frequency tuning within single vibrissae and the orderly organization of these properties across multiple vibrissae facilitates the discrimination of frequency specific stimuli. Vibrissa resonance may also be crucial to the temporal coding of sensory input on broad and fine time scales. In the first section of this chapter, we provide an overview of the importance of frequency encoding in somatosensory processing. We then provide a review of other sensory systems in 3 which resonance is proposed to play a role in signal transduction, most notably the auditory system. We conclude this section with a description of the vibrissa resonance hypothesis. In the second section of this chapter, we review recent findings demonstrating that vibrissae resonate in response to sinusoidal and naturalistic stimuli, including sound pressure waves. We then describe the neural correlates of vibrissa resonance. Vibrissa resonance is translated into an increase in the rate of action potential activity demonstrated by peripheral and SI neurons. Because vibrissa resonance properties vary systematically across the face, with lower frequencies represented more posterior and higher frequencies represented more anterior, a map of frequencies is observed across SI with a system of isofrequency columns extending along arcs of vibrissae. These findings support the hypothesis that a …
Schemas, grounds, meaning: On the emergence of musical concepts through conceptual blending

This article offers a new theoretical approach to the conceptualization of music, based on Conceptual Blending Theory, with a reinforced role ascribed to the constructs of generic space and the grounding box. Three analyses of typical conceptualizations of music from prior experiments with children and adults are provided to postulate that the ultimate linguistically reported concept comes from blending the intramusical Gestalt (input space 1) with a rich image from an appropriate experiential domain (input space 2). However, the mapping is not haphazard, but rather based on the invariant structure in the generic space, which takes the form of an image-schema family. In the blended space new conceptual elements emerge: one such typical resultant concept generates the idea that music “moves”, and in specifically articulated ways. While more basic verbal reports from experiments may be constrained by image-schema families alone, richer descriptions additionally require the theoretical notion of the grounding box, which hosts experiential information that participants add to the description as they progress in building musical meaning. The proposed model relativizes two common dichotomies in music cognition: (1) the distinction between “intramusical” and “extramusical” meaning, since both participate in the process of creating the ultimate blended concept; and (2) the strict divide between universalism and linguistic relativity in musical concept formation, since the present proposal has sufficient theoretical constructs to account for both schematic invariants and experiential diversity.
Attitudes toward accommodations and academic well-being of college students with disabilities

iv List of Tables . viii Chapter 1: The Problem . 1 Purpose of the Study . 2 Research Questions . 3 Hypotheses . 3 Significance of the Study . 3 Limitations . 4 Assumptions . 4 Definition of Terms.4 Academic Well-Being. 4 Accommodations. 5 Attitudes Toward Requesting Accommodations. 5 Disabilities. 5 Overview . 5 Chapter 2: Review of Literature . 7 Profile of College Students with Disabilities . 7 Accommodations for College Students with Disabilities . 8 Perceptions and Attitudes of Faculty and Students.10 Assessing Attitudes of Students on Accommodations.14 Positive Psychology & Theory of Resiliency . 18 Academic Well-Being in Students with Disabilities . 21
The Mitogen-Activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase Inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) Induces Growth Arrest in Melanoma Cells and Tumor Regression When Combined with Docetaxel

Purpose: Disseminated melanoma is highly therapy resistant. The finding that 66% of melanomas harbor the activating BRAFV600E mutation has raised expectations for targeting the Ras/RAF/mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK pathway in melanoma. This study addresses the anti-melanoma activity of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886). Experimental Design: We recently have shown that growing melanoma cells as three-dimensional collagen-implanted spheroids enhances resistance to the MEK inhibitor U0126. Here, we investigated the anti-melanoma activity of AZD6244 in two-dimensional cell culture, the three-dimensional spheroid model, and an in vivo model. Results: In two-dimensional cell culture, AZD6244 was cytostatic and reduced the growth of melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent fashion through the induction of G1-phase cell cycle arrest. In our three-dimensional spheroid model, the effects of AZD6244 were largely cytostatic and reversible, with drug washout leading to spheroid regrowth. Finally, 1205Lu cells were grown as tumor xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice. After tumor establishment, mice were dosed twice daily with 0, 10, or 30 mg/kg AZD6244 p.o. AZD6244 treatment decreased phospho-ERK in the tumors and significantly suppressed tumor growth. The original tumors remained viable, suggesting that AZD6244 monotherapy was largely cytostatic, and not proapoptotic in this model. Further studies showed that co-administration of AZD6244 (30 mg/kg) with docetaxel (15 mg/kg) led to tumor regression, indicating the potential for MEK inhibitor/chemotherapy drug combinations. Conclusions: Inhibition of MEK is cytostatic as a monotherapy in melanoma, but cytotoxic when combined with docetaxel.
Parameters of Perception: Vision, Audition, and Twentieth-Century Music and Dance

Recent experimental psychological research on visual perception, auditory perception, and cross-modal perception has shed light on how these processes differ, and how the relations between visual and auditory stimuli shade our understanding of the events perceived. This work offers a possible way into considering the question of how music and dance “go together” or not, and particularly may shed light on the unusual twentieth-century human behavior of NOT having music and dance “go together. ” Our paper presents relevant research in perception, examines factors contributing to the separation of perceptual modalities that has often appeared in twentieth-century dance, and discusses the separation in terms of the specific behaviors of dancing and looking at dance.
Covalently Linked Organic Networks

In this review, we intend to give an overview of the synthesis of well-defined covalently-bound organic network materials such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), conjugated microporous frameworks (CMPs) and other “ideal polymer networks” and discuss the different approaches in their synthesis and their potential applications. In addition we will describe the common computational approaches and highlight recent achievements in the computational study of their structure and properties. For further information the interested reader is referred to several excellent and more detailed reviews dealing with the synthesis [Dawson 2012; Ding 2013; Feng 2012] and computational aspects [Han 2009; Colon 2014] of the materials presented here.
Designing mobility apps to support intermodal travel chains

Sustainable intermodal transportation is a promising approach to counter increasing CO2 emissions and mobility restrictions in big cities. However, the broad range of travel services hinders users in planning, booking, and processing trips. Such problems can be addressed by offering self-services as mobile applications. Designers of traveler information apps (TIA) must consider which activities travelers need to perform during all phases of an intermodal trip (travel chain) and provide adequate support. To date, the scientific literature lacks models of intermodal travel chains. In this paper, the need for support in each phase of an intermodal trip is examined: Intermodal chains are modeled with a literature-based and a scenario-based approach; phases, steps, activities, and required support are identified and compared to unimodal travel chains. Implications for the design of a TIA are discussed.
An evaluation of image denoising techniques applied to CT baggage screening imagery

This paper investigates the efficacy of several popular denoising methods in the previously unconsidered context of Computed Tomography (CT) baggage imagery. The performance of a dedicated CT baggage denoising approach (alpha-weighted mean separation and histogram equalisation) is compared to the following popular denoising techniques: anisotropic diffusion; total variation denoising; bilateral filtering; translation invariant wavelet shrinkage and non-local means filtering. In addition to a standard qualitative performance analysis (visual comparisons), denoising performance is evaluated with a recently developed 3D SIFT-based analysis technique that quantifies the impact of denoising on the implementation of automated 3D object recognition. The study yields encouraging results in both the qualitative and quantitative analyses, with wavelet thresholding producing the most satisfactory results. The results serve as a strong indication that simple denoising will aid human and computerised analyses of 3D CT baggage imagery for transport security screening.
The effect of different UV and calcium provisioning on health and fitness traits of red-eyed tree frogs (Agalychnis callidryas)

In response to global amphibian declines and extinctions, the IUCN has recommended the establishment of ex situ conservation breeding programmes. However, there are a limited number of studies that scientifically assess amphibian husbandry practices, even at a basic level of nutrition and lighting. One component of captive husbandry that is becoming increasingly discussed is the provision of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is required for the synthesis of vitamin D 3 , and subsequent assimilation of calcium and phosphorous from the diet. Here we use two methods of UV provision (‘background UV’ and ‘background UV with UV boost’) and two calcium gut loading diets (5% and 10%), to assess the effects on a range of fitness measures of the red-eyed tree frog ( Agalychnis callidryas ). We find no effects of either UV treatment or calcium diet on growth, body condition, or cutaneous bacterial communities of frogs. Subsequent to the UV boost, frogs experienced a significant increase in fungal load on their skin. Females in the background UV treatment had a higher average number of clutches and eggs, whereas females in the background UV with UV boost had a higher average clutch size. Provision of the UV boost was not demonstrated to provide any real advantages for A. callidryas in terms of growth or breeding success. In addition, there were no benefits of a 10% calcium diet over a 5% calcium diet (in conjunction with regular dusting). Further studies investigating the UV requirements of other amphibian species and ecotypes are required, particularly in conjunction with naturalistic cricket gut-loading diets.
Effective Integration of Imitation Learning and Reinforcement Learning by Generating Internal Reward

This paper describes an integrative machine learning architecture of imitation learning and reinforcement learning. The learning architecture aims to help integration of the two learning process by generating internal rewards. After observing superiors, human learners usually start practicing through trial and error. Humans usually learn tasks through both imitation learning and reinforcement learning. Imitation learning and reinforcement learning should be harmonized as an effective and integrative learning system. A simple reinforcement learning requires a huge amount of trials and errors in an agent's learning phase. However, imitation learning can reduce the amount of time. Based on this idea, the composition of reinforcement learning and imitation learning is proposed as an integrative machine learning architecture. In this paper, an additional internal reward system, which is generated by the learner agent, is introduced to achieve this goal. The learning architecture is evaluated through an experiment and the effectiveness of the integration is examined.
Prediction-Based Reversible Data Hiding for Medical Images with Genetic Algorithms

Reversible data hiding is a newly developed topic in watermarking researches. At the encoder, it relies on slightly modifying the characteristics of original images for embedding secret information. At the decoder, original image and secret information can be separated from marked image with slight amount of overhead. In this paper, we propose the scheme by predicting the difference between output and input images for making reversible data hiding possible. By carefully selecting prediction coefficients, which are optimized by genetic algorithm, the output image quality can be preserved, while the enhanced amount of embedding capacity can be observed. We apply the algorithm to medical images for protecting patients' cases from possible human errors incurred. With the training of genetic algorithm, simulation results with our algorithm have demonstrated the enhanced embedding capacity, while keeping the output image quality. Optimized prediction coefficients with genetic algorithm lead to better performances with our scheme.
Aerosol climatology: dependence of the Angstrom exponent on wavelength over four AERONET sites

Abstract. The Angstrom exponent, α, is often used as a qualitative indicator of aerosol particle size. In this study, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (α) data were analyzed to obtain information about the adequacy of the simple use of the Angstrom exponent for characterizing aerosols, and for exploring possibilities for a more efficient characterization of aerosols. This was made possible by taking advantage of the spectral variation of α, the so-called curvature. The data were taken from four selected AERONET stations, which are representative of four aerosol types, i.e. biomass burning, pollution, desert dust and maritime. Using the least-squares method, the Angstrom-α was calculated in the spectral interval 340–870 nm, along with the coefficients α1 and α2 of the second order polynomial fit to the plotted logarithm of AOD versus the logarithm of wavelength, and the second derivative of α. The results show that the spectral curvature can provide important additional information about the different aerosol types, and can be effectively used to discriminate between them, since the fine-mode particles exhibit negative curvature, while the coarse-mode aerosols positive. In addition, the curvature has always to be taken into account in the computations of Angstrom exponent values in the spectral intervals 380–440 nm and 675–870 nm, since fine-mode aerosols exhibit larger α675–870 than α380–440 values, and vice-versa for coarse-mode particles. A second-order polynomial fit simulates the spectral dependence of the AODs very well, while the associated constant term varies proportionally to the aerosol type. The correlation between the coefficients α1 and α2 of the second-order polynomial fit and the Angstrom exponent α, and the atmospheric turbidity, is further investigated. The obtained results reveal important features, which can be used for better discriminating between different aerosol types.
Network Analysis for Predicting Academic Impact

How are scholars ranked for promotion, tenure and honors? How can we improve the quantitative tools available for decision makers when making such decisions? Can we predict the academic impact of scholars and papers at early stages using quantitative tools? Current academic decisions (hiring, tenure, prizes) are mostly very subjective. In the era of “Big Data,” a solid quantitative set of measurements should be used to support this decision process. This paper presents a method for predicting the probability of a paper being in the most cited papers using only data available at the time of publication. We find that highly cited papers have different structural properties and that these centrality measures are associated with increased odds of being in the top percentile of citation count. The paper also presents a method for predicting the future impact of researchers, using information available early in their careers. This model integrates information about changes in a young researcher’s role in the citation network and co-authorship network and demonstrates how this improves predictions of their future impact. These results show that the use of quantitative methods can complement the qualitative decision-making process in academia and improve the prediction of academic impact.
Expression and properties of hyperpolarization-activated current in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons with known sensory function

• I h is a hyperpolarisation‐activated current that influences neuronal excitability and is present in some sensory neurons. • The magnitude and properties of Ih in different groups of sensory neurons that respond to painful stimuli (nociceptors) or to non‐painful stimuli, such as low threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMs), were unknown. • We found that neurons with the greatest Ih were the nociceptors and LTMs with the fastest conducting fibres. The highest Ih of all was present in LTM neurons that sense muscle stretch and length (muscle spindle afferents). • The high levels of Ih could fundamentally influence excitability of fast conducting sensory neurons which detect muscle stretch/length, touch and pressure, and painful stimuli. Ih could thus influence sensations associated with all these. • The properties of Ih are similar to those of HCN1‐ and HCN2‐related Ih, suggesting that these channels underlie the current.