Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A network connecting Runx2, SATB2, and the miR-23a∼27a∼24-2 cluster regulates the osteoblast differentiation program

Induced osteogenesis includes a program of microRNAs (miRs) to repress the translation of genes that act as inhibitors of bone formation. How expression of bone-related miRs is regulated remains a compelling question. Here we report that Runx2, a transcription factor essential for osteoblastogenesis, negatively regulates expression of the miR cluster 23a∼27a∼24-2. Overexpression, reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays established the presence of a functional Runx binding element that represses expression of these miRs. Consistent with this finding, exogenous expression of each of the miRs suppressed osteoblast differentiation, whereas antagomirs increased bone marker expression. The biological significance of Runx2 repression of this miR cluster is that each miR directly targets the 3′ UTR of SATB2, which is known to synergize with Runx2 to facilitate bone formation. The findings suggest Runx2-negative regulation of multiple miRs by a feed-forward mechanism to cause derepression of SATB2 to promote differentiation. We find also that miR-23a represses Runx2 in the terminally differentiated osteocyte, representing a feedback mechanism to attenuate osteoblast maturation. We provide direct evidence for an interdependent relationship among transcriptional inhibition of the miR cluster by Runx2, translational repression of Runx2 and of SATB2 by the cluster miRs during progression of osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, miR cluster gain of function (i.e., inhibition of osteogenesis) is rescued by the exogenous expression of SATB2. Taken together, we have established a regulatory network with a central role for the miR cluster 23a∼27a∼24-2 in both progression and maintenance of the osteocyte phenotype.
Efficient and Secure Top-k Query Processing on Hybrid Sensed Data

The ubiquity of mobile devices equipped with various sensors has promoted the advent of a novel data sensing paradigm. Based on the traditional static sensing mode, the mobile sensing (sensor) nodes collaboratively collect data with the static sensor nodes. This large volume of hybrid sensed data is then sent to the storage nodes for flexible management and top- query services. One crucial security issue is that the compromised storage node may falsify or drop some data during the query processing, which returns fake or incorrect result to the query users. In this paper, we propose an efficient and verifiable scheme (EVTopk) for secure top- query processing on hybrid sensed data, which is suitable for the tiered hybrid sensing network where mobile nodes exist. The basic idea is to bind each data record, generated by static or mobile sensing nodes, with the corresponding location where it is sensed. Then some verification information is created sequentially, which is submitted along with the encrypted locations and hybrid sensed data for user’s verification. The security and efficiency of EVTopk are thoroughly analyzed in theory and evaluated in our experiments, respectively.
Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papillomavirus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

BACKGROUND Experimental studies have provided strong evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the long-sought venereal cause of cervical neoplasia, but the epidemiologic evidence has been inconsistent. PURPOSE Given improvements in HPV testing that have revealed a strong link between sexual activity history and cervical HPV infection, we conducted a large case-control study of HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to evaluate whether sexual behavior and the other established risk factors for CIN influence risk primarily via HPV infection. METHODS We studied 500 women with CIN and 500 control subjects receiving cytologic screening at Kaiser Permanente, a large prepaid health plan, in Portland, Ore. The established epidemiologic risk factors for CIN were assessed by telephone interview. We performed HPV testing of cervicovaginal lavage specimens by gene amplification using polymerase chain reaction with a consensus primer to target the L1 gene region of HPV. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate relative risk of CIN and to adjust the epidemiologic associations for HPV test results to demonstrate whether the associations were mediated by HPV. RESULTS The case subjects demonstrated the typical epidemiologic profile of CIN: They had more sex partners, more cigarette smoking, earlier ages at first sexual intercourse, and lower socioeconomic status. Statistical adjustment for HPV infection substantially reduced the size of each of these case-control differences. Seventy-six percent of cases could be attributed to HPV infection; the results of cytologic review suggested that the true percentage was even higher. Once HPV infection was taken into account, an association of parity with risk of CIN was observed in both HPV-negative and HPV-positive women. CONCLUSION The data show that the great majority of all grades of CIN can be attributed to HPV infection, particularly with the cancer-associated types of HPV. IMPLICATIONS In light of this conclusion, the investigation of the natural history of HPV has preventive as well as etiologic importance.
Assessing the effectiveness of different visualizations for judgments of positional uncertainty

Many techniques have been proposed for visualizing uncertainty in geospatial data. Previous empirical research on the effectiveness of visualizations of geospatial uncertainty has focused primarily on user intuitions rather than objective measures of performance when reasoning under uncertainty. Framed in the context of Google’s blue dot, we examined the effectiveness of four alternative visualizations for representing positional uncertainty when reasoning about self-location data. Our task presents a mobile mapping scenario in which GPS satellite location readings produce location estimates with varying levels of uncertainty. Given a known location and two smartphone estimates of that known location, participants were asked to judge which smartphone produces the better location reading, taking uncertainty into account. We produced visualizations that vary by glyph type (uniform blue circle with border vs. Gaussian fade) and visibility of a centroid dot (visible vs. not visible) to produce the four visualization formats. Participants viewing the uniform blue circle are most likely to respond in accordance with the actual probability density of points sampled from bivariate normal distributions and additionally respond most rapidly. Participants reported a number of simple heuristics on which they based their judgments, and consistency with these heuristics was highly predictive of their judgments.
Effects of e-learning in a continuing education context on nursing care: a review of systematic qualitative, quantitative and mixed studies reviews (protocol)

Introduction Continuing education (CE) is imperative to the future of professional nursing. The use of e-learning by registered nurses for CE is spreading. A review of systematic reviews will be conducted to develop a broad picture of the effects of e-learning in a CE context on nursing care. Methods and analysis Systematic qualitative, quantitative and mixed studies reviews published in English, French or Spanish from 1 January 2006 will be included. The outcomes of interest will be extracted and analysed inductively and deductively from the Nursing Care Performance Framework; some themes include nursing resources, nurses’ practice environment, processes, professional satisfaction, and nursing sensitive outcomes. Three reviewers will independently screen first the title and abstract of the papers, and then the full texts in order to assess eligibility. Two teams of two reviewers will extract the selected reviews’ characteristics and data. The results from various types of reviews will be integrated using a data-based convergent synthesis design. We will conduct a thematic synthesis and transform all quantitative and mixed data into qualitative data. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required for review of systematic reviews. We will summarise evidence concerning the negative, neutral and positive effects of various forms of e-learning on different aspects of nursing care. If we find gaps in the literature, we will highlight them and suggest ideas for further research. We will also focus on positive effects and present, if possible, the components and characteristics of e-learning interventions that were found to be successful. We will present this protocol and results in international conferences in nursing, medical, and health informatics domains. We will also submit the results of our work for peer-review publication in a journal indexed in the international bibliographic database of biomedical information.
The Political Economy of Postwar Reconstruction

This is a very useful book. It supplies a conceptualisation of postwar reconstruction in Britain between 1945 and 1951. The main body of literature discusses the politics of postwar reconstruction in terms of a capitulation of the British state to US economic, political, ideological, and f inancial hegemony. Peter Burnham’s study challenges, on the basis of detailed empirical research, the main thesis of those proclaiming in favour of Pax America. This is an impressive work. The scope of the coverage, the depth of the detail, the care with which historical and theoretical debates are appraised and discussed, are compelling. The present review focuses on some of the central themes raised by Burnham’s empirical study and his theoretical argument. Burnham shows very clearly that the postwar development of the UK was not the result of the US imposing its model of development but, rather, the result of the inter-imperialist rivalry between different states seeking to remove existing barriers to capitalist accumulation and to improve the integration of their economies into the world market. His research into the Washington Loan Negotiations, the Washington Loan Agreement, the Marshall Plan and the impact of rearmament, shows that, in the short term, the British state was highly successful not only in sustaining expansionist economic activities but, also, in pursuing her own, specific, economic programme. Throughout the book, Burnham shows the inadequacy of neo-Gramscian approaches to international relations. According to Burnham, notions of ‘hegemony’ can explain neither the integration of nation states into the world market, nor do they provide a coherent understanding of the form and content of the capitalist state. These approaches offer merely a descriptive analysis which, at best, supplies intriguing insights into the otherwise unexplored global relations of production or, at worst, incorporates the ideological projections of capital and its spokesmen. His refutation of those approaches which are premised on an identification of global relations of capitalist accumulation with US hegemony after 1945 is bound up with a reassessment of the restrictions and constraints faced by the British state. He argues that the primary barrier to rapid accumulation in 1945 was the balance of payment deficits resulting from a global disequilibrium in production and trade. The British states economic policy turned with the local groups. That Militant Tendency with their stranglehold of the Federation played a significant role in this should not be ignored. But to paint a rosy picture of the future of British politics is not only a little naive but shows that some have learnt absolutely nothing while being involved in what I regard as one of the most important campaigns this decade (the other being the miners strike). 198 Capital & Class 51
What Role Can Dual Enrollment Programs Play in Easing the Transition Between High School and Postsecondary Education

Dual enrolment programs which link high schools and colleges have increased in recent years in America. They are seen as a way of offering high school students access to coursework not available at high school as well as a way to expose them to the academic demands of college. In addition, dual enrolment programs promote partnerships between the two education sectors. This paper describes dual enrolment programs, the benefits of these programs, two models of dual enrolments, concerns that exist about dual enrolments and outcomes and research findings regarding the academic and postsecondary transition outcomes of participants in dual enrolment programs. The paper concludes with a consideration of whether the federal government, through its legislative and funding tools, promotes the spread of the dual enrolment strategy.
The American School Superintendent: 2010 Decennial Study

Chapter 1. Historical and Contemporary Perspectives Chapter 2. Methodology Chapter 3. Characteristics of Superintendents and Their Employing Districts Chapter 4. Professional Experiences Chapter 5. Elements of Practice Chapter 6. Superintendent Interactions with School Boards Chapter 7.Gender and Race/Ethnicity Chapter 8. Professional Preparation Chapter 9. Politics, Mandates, Standards, and Government Relations
Audiovisual Modulation in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex Depends on Cross-Modal Stimulus Configuration and Congruency

The sensory neocortex is a highly connected associative network that integrates information from multiple senses, even at the level of the primary sensory areas. Although a growing body of empirical evidence supports this view, the neural mechanisms of cross-modal integration in primary sensory areas, such as the primary visual cortex (V1), are still largely unknown. Using two-photon calcium imaging in awake mice, we show that the encoding of audiovisual stimuli in V1 neuronal populations is highly dependent on the features of the stimulus constituents. When the visual and auditory stimulus features were modulated at the same rate (i.e., temporally congruent), neurons responded with either an enhancement or suppression compared with unisensory visual stimuli, and their prevalence was balanced. Temporally incongruent tones or white-noise bursts included in audiovisual stimulus pairs resulted in predominant response suppression across the neuronal population. Visual contrast did not influence multisensory processing when the audiovisual stimulus pairs were congruent; however, when white-noise bursts were used, neurons generally showed response suppression when the visual stimulus contrast was high whereas this effect was absent when the visual contrast was low. Furthermore, a small fraction of V1 neurons, predominantly those located near the lateral border of V1, responded to sound alone. These results show that V1 is involved in the encoding of cross-modal interactions in a more versatile way than previously thought. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The neural substrate of cross-modal integration is not limited to specialized cortical association areas but extends to primary sensory areas. Using two-photon imaging of large groups of neurons, we show that multisensory modulation of V1 populations is strongly determined by the individual and shared features of cross-modal stimulus constituents, such as contrast, frequency, congruency, and temporal structure. Congruent audiovisual stimulation resulted in a balanced pattern of response enhancement and suppression compared with unisensory visual stimuli, whereas incongruent or dissimilar stimuli at full contrast gave rise to a population dominated by response-suppressing neurons. Our results indicate that V1 dynamically integrates nonvisual sources of information while still attributing most of its resources to coding visual information.
Nitroxyl, redox switches, cardiac myofilaments, and heart failure: a prequel to novel therapeutics?

Heart failure (HF) remains to be the leading cause of death in developed countries, and the prevalence of HF worldwide continues to escalate.1 Despite enormous efforts made to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HF and to develop effective therapies, HF remains to be a therapeutic challenge. One hallmark of HF is altered cardiac myofilament responsiveness to intracellular Ca2+, resulting in depressed contraction. Although increasing intracellular Ca2+ is a possible strategy for strengthening contraction, currently available inotropic agents, such as β-agonists and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, which raise intracellular cAMP levels can lead to deleterious side effects when given as a long-term therapy.2 Recently, promising inotropic agents targeting novel mechanisms have been developed, including (1) nitroxyl (HNO) released from HNO donors, (2) istaroxime, an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase and an activator of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump (SERCA), (3) cardiac myosin activator, and (4) ryanodine receptor stabilizer.2 In this issue, Gao et al3 report that HNO can increase myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness by inducing disulfide bonds between key cysteine residues in the myofilament, suggesting that HNO donors may improve cardiac function in patients with HF without the possible deleterious consequences of continued Ca2+ manipulation (Figure). Figure. Schematic representation of nitroxyl (HNO)-induced disulfide effects on cardiac myofilaments . A , Chemical reactions showing (1) the release of HNO from nitrosocyclohexyl acetate (NCA) by hydrolysis; (2) reaction of HNO with thiols on cysteine forming N-hydroxysulfenamide intermediates, which leads to sulfinamide or disulfide formation in the presence of an additional free thiol. B, Schematic drawing showing that disulfide bond formation between key cysteines in actin and tropomyosin and in myosin light chain 1 (MLC1) and myosin heavy chain (MHC) increases maximum force and Ca2+ sensitivity. Modified with permission from Moss …
Health, Wealth and Gender: Do Health Shocks of Husbands and Wives have Different Impacts on Household Wealth?

The extent to which men’s versus women’s health affects household wealth and the mechanisms through which these effects occur have important implications for the welfare of older individuals living with a spouse, and in particular for women who are likely to outlive their husbands by several years. Intermediate mechanisms through which individual health shocks may affect household wealth are discussed. Four waves of HRS data on married couples are used to estimate the direct effect of onset of various health conditions on household wealth, with these effects allowed to differ for husbands and wives. Estimates using only wave 2 health shocks (controlling for baseline health) indicate that the impact of a health shock to the wife has a larger negative impact than a health shock to the husband, which is consistent with prior work. Estimates in which health shocks from waves 2-4 are allowed for produce conflicting results. Further research is required to ascertain the reason for this apparent conflict.
Hypertonia Assessment Tool

The Hypertonia Assessment Tool is a 7-item instrument that discriminates spasticity, dystonia, and rigidity on 3 levels: item scores, subtype, and hypertonia diagnosis for each extremity. We quantified the inter- and intrarater reliability using Kappa statistics, Gwet’s first-order agreement coefficient (both with 95% confidence interval), and percentage agreement for all levels. For validity, we compared the Hypertonia Assessment Tool subtype with the clinical diagnosis provided by the physicians. Two physiotherapists tested 45 children with neuromotor disorders. The interrater reliability (n = 45) of the Hypertonia Assessment Tool subtype was moderate to substantial whereas the intrarater reliability (n = 42) was almost perfect. The Hypertonia Assessment Tool showed good agreement in detecting spasticity. On the contrary, there was a higher presence of dystonia of 24% to 25% tested with the Hypertonia Assessment Tool compared to the clinical diagnosis. Even some individual items showed lower agreement between raters; the Hypertonia Assessment Tool subtypes and diagnosis were reliable. Validity of the Hypertonia Assessment Tool to test spasticity is confirmed, whereas, for dystonia and rigidity, further studies are needed.
A Public Health Perspective on Physical Activity After Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis

Abstract Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are common treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) with good-to-excellent outcomes. As the US population ages, rates of OA and THA/TKA will continue to rise. People with OA and THA/TKA are less active than those without arthritis or arthrosplasty, respectively. With the numerous documented health benefits obtained from physical activity, it is imperative from a public health perspective that patients are sufficiently active to maintain health after surgery. Increasing moderate-intensity physical activity is a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective mechanism for improving health and reducing health care costs in this population. The return to leisure/sporting activities after THA/TKA is not as well studied as other aspects of functional recovery. In particular, no evidence-based guidelines for physical activity after THA/TKA are available. Most recommendations have been derived from cross-sectional surveys of orthopedic surgeons. Based on the literature, the general consensus for recommendations appears to be to: 1) return to low- to moderate-intensity activities and no-, low-, or intermediate-impact activities within 3 to 6 months postoperatively, 2) discourage high-impact activities, 3) avoid high-contact athletic activities, and 4) educate rather than dissuade patients from resuming leisure/sporting activities. Sports medicine physicians are in an ideal position to counsel patients in regard to leading active lifestyles. The physician can evaluate and treat any remaining functional limitations postoperatively, as well as prescribe the appropriate dose (ie, type, intensity, frequency, and duration) of physical activity. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans can help guide physicians in prescribing the appropriate dose of activity. Finally, physicians can refer patients to evidence-based, community-delivered group exercise and/or behavioral change interventions that are approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for people with arthritis.
Child overweight and obesity in the USA: prevalence rates according to IOTF definitions.

AIMS To establish the prevalence of child overweight and obesity in the USA using IOTF-recommended definitions. METHODS Original data from the NHANES surveys for 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 were analysed using the IOTF cut-offs and prevalence levels calculated using sample weightings provided. RESULTS In 1999-2000, overweight (including obesity) was affecting 29% of school-age children. By 2003-2004 this figure had risen above 35%. Obesity alone was affecting 10% of school children in the 1999-2000, and over 13% in 2003-2004. CONCLUSION The United States is experiencing levels of child overweight and obesity that are among the highest recorded in any country in the world.
Travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand.

This study applies the conceptual framework of push and pull motivations to investigate travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand. Using factor analysis, three push and four pull factor dimensions are identified. The three push factors are labelled ‘novelty and knowledge-seeking’, ‘rest and relaxation’ and ‘ego-enhancement’, while the four pull factors are ‘cultural and historical attractions’, ‘travel arrangements and facilities’, ‘shopping and leisure activities’ and ‘safety and cleanliness’. Among them, ‘novelty and knowledge-seeking’ and ‘cultural and historical attractions’ are regarded as the most important push and pull factors respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that psychological well-being (i.e. positive affect) and education are the two factors influencing travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.