Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
n Model vir die ontwikkeling van die selfgereguleerde leervaardighede van afstandsleerders

v INHOUDSOPGAWE vii LYS VAN TABELLE xix LYS VAN FIGURE xxii LYS VAN BYLAE xxiii HOOFSTUK 1: INLEIDING 1 1.1. MOTIVERING EN PROBLEEMSTELLING 1 1.2. LITERATUUROORSIG 2 1.3. NAVORSINGSDOELSTELLINGSEN DOELWITTE 5 1.3. 1. Doel van die ondersoek 5 1.4. METODE VAN ONDERSOEK 6 1.4. 1. Literatuuroorsig 6 1.4. 2. Empiriese Ondersoek 6 1.5. STRUKTUUR VAN PROEFSKRIF 8
Extracting IEEE LOM 9.4 using Memetic Algorithm for Textual Learning Objects

With the growing number of learning objects & their increasing use for learning, it is required to search the desired learning material in the least time. So it is needed to have the quality learning object. The quality of learning objects means they are tagged with correct & complete metadata. IEEE LOM set up a standard for uniformity of Meta data values. The IEEE LOM has 9 different categories for metadata. These categories are used to describe the learning object when filled with metadata values and in turn they are useful searching and understanding the learning object without actually opens it. IEEE LOM 9 category belongs to the classification and under this category, a important subcategory of IEEE LOM 9.4 lies which actually belongs to keywords of learning objects. This paper uses the memetic algorithm based approach to extract the keywords for each learning objects of different classes. The correct keywords strongly reflect the learning object class and in turn it is very useful for user's point of view to decide whether this is the learning object he is searching for.
Idempotents Among Partisan Games

We investigate some interesting extensions of the group of traditional games, G, to a bigger semi-group, S, generated by some new elements which are idempotents in the sense that each of them satisfies the equation G + G = G. We present an addition table for these idempotents, which include the 25-year-old “remote star” and the recent “enriched environments”. Adding an appropriate idempotent into a sum of traditional games can often annihilate the less essential features of a position, and thus simplify the analysis by allowing one to focus on more important attributes.
The Socialization and Acquisition of Emotional Meanings, with Special Reference to Language: A Reply to Saarni.

This discussion is a response to the Saarni commentary (Merrill-Palmer Quar terly, October 1987) on the Miller and Sperry report (January 1987 issue) on the socialization of anger and aggression. The socialization and acquisition of emo tional meanings are distinguished, and ways are explored in which language fig ures into these processes. The acquisition of emotional meanings by young chil dren may be constrained by the distinctive linguistic structures and patterns of language use that they have learned. In addition, given its unique properties as a symbol system and conveyer of affect, language may play a privileged role in the socialization of emotional meanings by caregivers.
Functional Polymorphism of IL-1 Alpha and Its Potential Role in Obesity in Humans and Mice

Proinflammatory cytokines secreted from adipose tissue contribute to the morbidity associated with obesity. IL-1α is one of the proinflammatory cytokines; however, it has not been clarified whether IL-1α may also cause obesity. In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in IL-1α contribute to human obesity. A total of 260 obese subjects were genotyped for IL-1α C-889T (rs1800587) and IL-1α G+4845T (rs17561). Analyses of genotype distributions revealed that both IL-1α polymorphisms C-889T (rs1800587) and G+4845T (rs17561) were associated with an increase in body mass index in obese healthy women. In addition, the effect of rs1800587 on the transcriptional activity of IL-1α was explored in pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. Significant difference was found between the rs1800587 polymorphism in the regulatory region of the IL-1α gene and transcriptional activity. We extended these observations in vivo to a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model and in vitro to pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. IL-1α levels were dramatically augmented in obese mice, and triglyceride was increased 12 hours after IL-1α injection. Taken together, IL-1α treatment regulated the differentiation of preadipocytes. IL-1α C-889T (rs1800587) is a functional polymorphism of IL-1α associated with obesity. IL-1α may have a critical function in the development of obesity.
Opinion mining of camera reviews based on Semantic Role Labeling

Based on the analysis of the existing opinion mining techniques, mining accuracy and complexity, this paper proposes a opinion mining system which mines useful opinion information from camera reviews by utilizing Semantic Role Labeling(SRL) and polarity computing method. Feature lexicon and sentiment lexicon are constructed to mine features and emotional items. In the end, the comparison between positive and negative opinion are presented visually. Our experimental results show the system is feasible and effective.
Outdoor fine and ultrafine particle measurements at six bus stops with smoking on two California arterial highways—Results of a pilot study

As indoor smoking bans have become widely adopted, some U.S. communities are considering restricting smoking outdoors, creating a need for measurements of air pollution near smokers outdoors. Personal exposure experiments were conducted with four to five participants at six sidewalk bus stops located 1.5–3.3 m from the curb of two heavily traveled California arterial highways with 3300–5100 vehicles per hour. At each bus stop, a smoker in the group smoked a cigarette. Gravimetrically calibrated continuous monitors were used to measure fine particle concentrations (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm; PM2.5) in the breathing zones (within 0.2 m from the nose and mouth) of each participant. At each bus stop, ultrafine particles (UFP), wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, and traffic counts were also measured. For 13 cigarette experiments, the mean PM2.5 personal exposure of the nonsmoker seated 0.5 m from the smoker during a 5-min cigarette ranged from 15 to 153 µg/m3. Of four persons seated on the bench, the smoker received the highest PM2.5 breathing-zone exposure of 192 µg/m3. There was a strong proximity effect: nonsmokers at distances 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m from the smoker received mean PM2.5 personal exposures of 59, 40, and 28 µg/m3, respectively, compared with a background level of 1.7 µg/m3. Like the PM2.5 concentrations, UFP concentrations measured 0.5 m from the smoker increased abruptly when a cigarette started and decreased when the cigarette ended, averaging 44,500 particles/cm3 compared with the background level of 7200 particles/cm3. During nonsmoking periods, the UFP background concentrations showed occasional peaks due to traffic, whereas PM2.5 background concentrations were extremely low. The results indicate that a single cigarette smoked outdoors at a bus stop can cause PM2.5 and UFP concentrations near the smoker that are 16–35 and 6.2 times, respectively, higher than the background concentrations due to cars and trucks on an adjacent arterial highway. Implications: Rules banning smoking indoors have been widely adopted in the United States and in many countries. Some communities are considering smoking bans that would apply to outdoor locations. Although many measurements are available of pollutant concentrations from secondhand smoke at indoor locations, few measurements are available of exposure to secondhand smoke outdoors. This study provides new data on exposure to fine and ultrafine particles from secondhand smoke near a smoker outdoors. The levels are compared with the exposure measured next to a highway. The findings are important for policies that might be developed for reducing exposure to secondhand smoke outdoors.
An Approach for Computing Sentiment Polarity Analysis of Complex Why-type Questions on Product Review Sites

Opinion questions expect answers from opinionated data available on social web. Opinion why-questions require answers to include reasons, elaborations, explanations for the users' sentiments expressed in the questions. Sentiment analysis has been recently used in answering why type opinion questions. In this paper, we propose an approach to determine the sentiment polarity of complex why type opinion questions that could be expressed in multiple sentences or could have mixed opinions expressed in them. We apply Rhetorical structure theory to determine discourse structure of why type questions. We use such structure to determine sentiment polarity of why type questions and conduct experiments which obtain better results as compared to baseline average scoring methods.
On Complexity of Ehrenfeucht-Fraı̈ssé Games

In this paper we initiate the study of Ehrenfeucht-Fraı̈ssé games for some standard finite structures. Examples of such standard structures are equivalence relations, trees, unary relation structures, Boolean algebras, and some of their natural expansions. The paper concerns the following question that we call Ehrenfeucht-Fraı̈ssé problem. Given n ∈ ω as a parameter, two relational structuresA andB from one of the classes of structures mentioned above, how efficient is it to decide if Duplicator wins the n-round EF game Gn(A,B)? We provide algorithms for solving the Ehrenfeucht-Fraı̈ssé problem for the mentioned classes of structures. The running times of all the algorithms are bounded by constants. We obtain the values of these constants as functions of n.
The Organic Complexation of Iron in the Marine Environment: A Review

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for marine organisms, and it is now well established that low Fe availability controls phytoplankton productivity, community structure, and ecosystem functioning in vast regions of the global ocean. The biogeochemical cycle of Fe involves complex interactions between lithogenic inputs (atmospheric, continental, or hydrothermal), dissolution, precipitation, scavenging, biological uptake, remineralization, and sedimentation processes. Each of these aspects of Fe biogeochemical cycling is likely influenced by organic Fe-binding ligands, which complex more than 99% of dissolved Fe. In this review we consider recent advances in our knowledge of Fe complexation in the marine environment and their implications for the biogeochemistry of Fe in the ocean. We also highlight the importance of constraining the dissolved Fe concentration value used in interpreting voltammetric titration data for the determination of Fe speciation. Within the published Fe speciation data, there appear to be important temporal and spatial variations in Fe-binding ligand concentrations and their conditional stability constants in the marine environment. Excess ligand concentrations, particularly in the truly soluble size fraction, seem to be consistently higher in the upper water column, and especially in Fe-limited, but productive, waters. Evidence is accumulating for an association of Fe with both small, well-defined ligands, such as siderophores, as well as with larger, macromolecular complexes like humic substances, exopolymeric substances, and transparent exopolymers. The diverse size spectrum and chemical nature of Fe ligand complexes corresponds to a change in kinetic inertness which will have a consequent impact on biological availability. However, much work is still to be done in coupling voltammetry, mass spectrometry techniques, and process studies to better characterize the nature and cycling of Fe-binding ligands in the marine environment.
Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients may have a greater risk of noninfectious comorbidities (NICMs) compared with the general population. We assessed the prevalence and risk factors for NICMs in a large cohort of HIV-infected adults and compared these findings with data from matched control subjects. METHODS We performed a case-control study involving antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced HIV-infected patients treated at Modena University, Italy, from 2002 through 2009. These patients were compared with age-, sex-, and race-matched adults (control subjects) from the general population included in the CINECA ARNO database. NICMs included cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, bone fractures, and renal failure. Polypathology (Pp) was defined as the concurrent presence of ≥2 NICMs. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate associated predictors of NICMs and Pp. RESULTS There were 2854 patients and 8562 control subjects. The mean age was 46 years, and 37% were women. Individual NICM and Pp prevalences in each age stratum were higher among patients than among controls (all P <.001). Pp prevalence among patients aged 41-50 years was similar to that among controls aged 51-60 years (P value was not statistically significant); diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, bone fractures, and renal failure were statistically independent after adjustment for sex, age, and hypertension. Logistic regression models showed that independent predictors of Pp in the overall cohort were (all P < .001) age (odds ratio [OR], 1.11), male sex (OR, 1.77), nadir CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL (OR, 4.46), and ART exposure (OR, 1.01). CONCLUSIONS Specific age-related NICMs and Pp were more common among HIV-infected patients than in the general population. The prevalence of Pp in HIV-infected persons anticipated Pp prevalence observed in the general population among persons who were 10 years older, and HIV-specific cofactors (lower nadir CD4 cell count and more prolonged ART exposure) were identified as risk factors. These data support the need for earlier screening for NICMs in HIV-infected patients.
Long-Term Interleukin-6 Levels and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Two New Prospective Studies and a Systematic Review

Background The relevance to coronary heart disease (CHD) of cytokines that govern inflammatory cascades, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), may be underestimated because such mediators are short acting and prone to fluctuations. We evaluated associations of long-term circulating IL-6 levels with CHD risk (defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI] or fatal CHD) in two population-based cohorts, involving serial measurements to enable correction for within-person variability. We updated a systematic review to put the new findings in context. Methods and Findings Measurements were made in samples obtained at baseline from 2,138 patients who had a first-ever nonfatal MI or died of CHD during follow-up, and from 4,267 controls in two cohorts comprising 24,230 participants. Correction for within-person variability was made using data from repeat measurements taken several years apart in several hundred participants. The year-to-year variability of IL-6 values within individuals was relatively high (regression dilution ratios of 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28–0.53, over 4 y, and 0.35, 95% CI 0.23–0.48, over 12 y). Ignoring this variability, we found an odds ratio for CHD, adjusted for several established risk factors, of 1.46 (95% CI 1.29–1.65) per 2 standard deviation (SD) increase of baseline IL-6 values, similar to that for baseline C-reactive protein. After correction for within-person variability, the odds ratio for CHD was 2.14 (95% CI 1.45–3.15) with long-term average (“usual”) IL-6, similar to those for some established risk factors. Increasing IL-6 levels were associated with progressively increasing CHD risk. An updated systematic review of electronic databases and other sources identified 15 relevant previous population-based prospective studies of IL-6 and clinical coronary outcomes (i.e., MI or coronary death). Including the two current studies, the 17 available prospective studies gave a combined odds ratio of 1.61 (95% CI 1.42–1.83) per 2 SD increase in baseline IL-6 (corresponding to an odds ratio of 3.34 [95% CI 2.45–4.56] per 2 SD increase in usual [long-term average] IL-6 levels). Conclusions Long-term IL-6 levels are associated with CHD risk about as strongly as are some major established risk factors, but causality remains uncertain. These findings highlight the potential relevance of IL-6–mediated pathways to CHD.
Handbook of mental health interventions in children and adolescents : an integrated developmental approach

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this handbook of mental health interventions in children and adolescents an integrated developmental approach, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
Predictors of acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes.

CONTEXT Diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia are acute complications of type 1 diabetes that are related, respectively, to insufficient or excessive insulin treatment. However, little is known about additional modifiable risk factors. OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence of ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia in children with diabetes and to determine the factors that predict these complications. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 1243 children from infancy to age 19 years with type 1 diabetes who resided in the Denver, Colo, metropolitan area were followed up prospectively for 3994 person-years from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of ketoacidosis leading to hospital admission or emergency department visit and severe hypoglycemia (loss of consciousness, seizure, or hospital admission or emergency department visit). RESULTS The incidence of ketoacidosis was 8 per 100 person-years and increased with age in girls (4 per 100 person-years in < 7; 8 in 7-12; and 12 in > or =13 years; P<.001 for trend). In multivariate analyses, sex-adjusted and stratified by age (<13 vs > or =13 years), the risk of ketoacidosis in younger children increased with higher hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) (relative risk [RR], 1.68 per 1% increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-1.94) and higher reported insulin dose (RR, 1.40 per 0.2 U/kg per day; 95% CI, 1.20-1.64). In older children, the risk of ketoacidosis increased with higher HbA(1c) (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.30-1.58), higher reported insulin dose (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.25), underinsurance (RR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.65-2.95), and presence of psychiatric disorders (for boys, RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.96-2.65; for girls, RR, 3.22; 95% CI, 2.25-4.61). The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was 19 per 100 person-years (P<.001 for trend) and decreased with age in girls (24 per 100 patient-years in < 7, 19 in 7-12, and 14 in > or =13 years). In younger children, the risk of severe hypoglycemia increased with diabetes duration (RR, 1.39 per 5 years; 95% CI, 1.16-1.69) and underinsurance (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.65). In older children, the risk of severe hypoglycemia increased with duration (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.51), underinsurance (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11-1.81), lower HbA(1c) (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.32), and presence of psychiatric disorders (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.23-1.98). Eighty percent of episodes occurred among the 20% of children who had recurrent events. CONCLUSIONS Some children with diabetes remain at high risk for ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia. Age- and sex-specific incidence patterns suggest that ketoacidosis is a challenge in adolescent girls while severe hypoglycemia continues to affect disproportionally the youngest patients and boys of all ages. The pattern of modifiable risk factors indicates that underinsured children and those with psychiatric disorders or at the extremes of the HbA(1c) distribution should be targeted for specific interventions.
PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY - SIMPLIFIED

Copyright © 2011 Frederick Furness Publishing 18 The route of administration is critical for any medicine. For decades, the most common dosage forms were either oral or for injection. Patients generally preferred oral therapies over injected medications because oral delivery is non-invasive and convenient. Based on this preference and advances in drug delivery technologies, several other non-invasive dosage forms, including orally inhaled dry powders, have been developed and offer excellent alternatives to the more traditional “pills and needles”. Drug delivery by inhalation presents unique advantages that are not available with other modes of administration. For example, the large surface area of the lung (about the size of a tennis court) provides efficient drug absorption. Additionally, inhalation is simple and convenient, particularly with the newest innovations in inhaler design and function. Even the challenges previously inherent in developing inhalation products are nearing resolution. The concept of translational medicine has been introduced into the development of inhalation products with the advent of advanced inhalation development technologies that directly link the bench and the bedside. Self-administered inhaled drugs were initially used only to treat pulmonary diseases, like asthma, where direct delivery to the site of action provided a clear advantage. However, inhalation dosage forms have evolved significantly over the past decade expanding their use in a wide spectrum of disease therapies ranging from pulmonary indications routinely treated with inhaled medicines (asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) to novel applications of the inhalation route to treat systemic diseases (irritable bowel disease, schizophrenia, migraine, diabetes, and obesity). Notable recent progress in the inhaled drug arena for non-pulmonary indications includes: the development of Staccato Loxapine for the potential treatment of schizophrenia (Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA, US); Afrezza for the potential treatment of diabetes (MannKind Corporation), LevadexTM for the potential treatment of migraine (MAP Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA, US), and Inavir, an anti-influenza treatment launched by Daichii Sankyo (Tokyo, Japan). MannKind Corporation develops pulmonary drug delivery systems that combine a dry powder formulation with convenient, patient-friendly devices. Transitioning combination products from concept to clinical practice is simplified by innovative technologies that have been developed by MannKind.