Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadband and Efficient Metamaterial Absorber Design Based on Gold–MgF2–Tungsten Hybrid Structure for Solar Thermal Application

We have presented a solar absorber design with gold–MgF2–tungsten materials. The solar absorber design is optimized with nonlinear optimization mathematical method to find and optimize geometrical parameters. The wideband absorber is made of a three-layer structure composed of tungsten, magnesium fluoride, and gold. This study analyzed the absorber’s performance using numerical methods over the sun wavelength range of 0.25 μm to 3 μm. The solar AM 1.5 absorption spectrum is a benchmark against which the proposed structure’s absorbing characteristics are evaluated and discussed. It is necessary to analyze the behavior of the absorber under a variety of various physical parameter conditions in order to determine the results and structural dimensions that are optimal. The nonlinear parametric optimization algorithm is applied to obtain the optimized solution. This structure can absorb more than 98% of light across the near-infrared and visible light spectrums. In addition, the structure has a high absorption efficiency for the far range of the infrared spectrum and the THz range. The absorber that has been presented is versatile enough to be used in a variety of solar applications, both narrowband and broadband. The design of the solar cell that has been presented will be of assistance in designing a solar cell that has high efficiency. The proposed optimized design with optimized parameters will help design solar thermal absorbers.
Utilizing an extended target for high frequency multi-beam sonar intensity calibration

There is an interest in expediting intensity calibration procedures for Multi-Beam Echo-Sounders (MBES) to be used for acoustic backscatter measurements. To this end, a target was constructed of irregularly oriented small chain links arranged in a “curtain” simulating an extended scattering surface, such as the seafloor. Tests with a 200-kHz, 7°, SIMRAD EK60 Split-Beam Echo-Sounder (SBES) were performed in a tank in order to investigate the targets angular- and range-dependent scattering strength. These tests suggest that the amplitude envelope of the scattered signal is Rayleigh distributed and that the backscatter strength depends linearly on the number of active scattering elements. Following these initial validation tests, a 200 kHz Reson SeaBat 7125-SV2 MBES was calibrated in the tank with the same extended target. During the calibration, the MBES was rotated so that every beam was incident on the target. This calibration test was performed once when the target was at normal and once at oblique (45°).
Cognitive Performance as a Function of MAPT Haplotype: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of an Essential Tremor Cohort

Background: Cognitive impairment is a feature of essential tremor (ET). There are no studies of the genetic drivers of this association. We examined whether the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1 haplotype is associated with cognitive performance in ET. Methods: ET cases genotyped for the MAPT H1 and H2 haplotypes completed a battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline and four follow-up evaluations. Chi-square, t-tests, and analyses of covariance examined associations between the presence of the MAPT H1 haplotype, cognitive diagnoses of normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, and performance in specific cognitive domains. Results: We observed no evidence of cognitive differences as a function of the presence of the MAPT H1 haplotype. Specifically, cases with (n = 57) and without (n = 42) this haplotype did not differ with respect to the prevalence of diagnoses of MCI or dementia, p ≥ 0.87. Moreover, cases with vs without this haplotype did not differ in either the age or point in the disease course at which observed conversions to MCI or dementia occurred, p’s ≥ 0.51. Finally, no haplotype-related differences were observed in performance in the cognitive domains of attention, executive function, language, memory, visuospatial or global ability, p’s ≥ 0.21, or in changes in performance in these domains across time, p’s ≥ 0.08. Discussion: The study in an ET cohort revealed no influence of MAPT haplotypes on cognitive performance. This study serves as a valuable foundation for future studies to expand our understanding of the genetic drivers of cognitive impairment in ET. Highlights This study found no evidence of cognitive differences between individuals with and without the MAPT H1 haplotype. Our work provides a valuable foundation for future work to expand our knowledge of the genetic drivers of cognitive impairment in ET.
A quantitative PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Septoria pistaciarum, the causal agent of pistachio leaf spot in Italy

Septoria leaf spot is one of the most widespread diseases affecting pistachio (Pistacia vera) in countries of the Mediterranean region. Septoria pistaciarum was recently confirmed as the causal agent of this disease in Italy. Currently, the detection of S. pistaciarum relies on isolation techniques. These require significant amounts of labor, and time for completion. Also, a reliable identification requires the sequencing of at least two housekeeping genes, in addition to the morphological observations. To accurately detect the presence and quantify S. pistaciarum in pistachio tissues, a molecular tool was necessary. We designed applicable primers that allow reliable amplification of the β-tubulin gene. The amplification of target DNA was highly efficient, with a 100% success rate, and the assay was able to detect as little as 100 fg/rxn of pure fungal DNA. When tested in artificial mixtures of plant and pathogen DNAs, the assay was able to detect the pathogen consistently at a limit of detection of 1 pg/rxn. The assay was also effective in identifying the pathogen in naturally infected samples, providing rapid detection in all symptomatic specimens. The resulting qPCR assay is an improved detection tool for accurate diagnosis of S. pistaciarum that can also contribute to better understand the population dynamics of the pathogen in the orchard.
Development of SSR molecular markers and genetic diversity analysis of Clematis acerifolia from Taihang Mountains

Investigating the genetic diversity and population structure is important in conserving narrowly distributed plants. In this study, 90 Clematis acerifolia (C. acerifolia) plants belonging to nine populations were collected from the Taihang Mountains in Beijing, Hebei, and Henan. Twenty-nine simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers developed based on RAD-seq data were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of C. acerifolia. The mean PIC value for all markers was 0.2910, indicating all SSR markers showed a moderate degree of polymorphism. The expected heterozygosity of the whole populations was 0.3483, indicating the genetic diversity of both C. acerifolia var. elobata and C. acerifolia were low. The expected heterozygosity of C. acerifolia var. elobata (He = 0.2800) was higher than that of C. acerifolia (He = 0.2614). Genetic structure analysis and principal coordinate analysis demonstrated that C. acerifolia and C. acerifolia var. elobata showed great genetic differences. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) demonstrated that within-population genetic variation (68.31%) was the main contributor to the variation of the C. acerifolia populations. Conclusively, C. acerifolia var. elobata had higher genetic diversity than C. acerifolia, and there are significant genetic differences between C. acerifolia and C. acerifolia var. elobata, and small genetic variations within the C. acerifolia populations. Our results provide a scientific and rational basis for the conservation of C. acerifolia and provide a reference for the conservation of other cliff plants.
Multiscale stiffness of human emphysematous precision cut lung slices

Emphysema is a debilitating disease that remodels the lung leading to reduced tissue stiffness. Thus, understanding emphysema progression requires assessing lung stiffness at both the tissue and alveolar scales. Here, we introduce an approach to determine multiscale tissue stiffness and apply it to precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). First, we established a framework for measuring stiffness of thin, disk-like samples. We then designed a device to verify this concept and validated its measuring capabilities using known samples. Next, we compared healthy and emphysematous human PCLS and found that the latter was 50% softer. Through computational network modeling, we discovered that this reduced macroscopic tissue stiffness was due to both microscopic septal wall remodeling and structural deterioration. Lastly, through protein expression profiling, we identified a wide spectrum of enzymes that can drive septal wall remodeling, which, together with mechanical forces, lead to rupture and structural deterioration of the emphysematous lung parenchyma.
Mitigation of influenza-mediated inflammation by immunomodulatory matrix-bound nanovesicles

Cytokine storm describes a life-threatening, systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and immune cell hyperactivation associated with multi-organ dysfunction. Matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBV) are a subclass of extracellular vesicle shown to down-regulate proinflammatory immune responses. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of MBV in mediating influenza-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine storm in a murine model. Intravenous administration of MBV decreased influenza-mediated total lung inflammatory cell density, proinflammatory macrophage frequencies, and proinflammatory cytokines at 7 and 21 days following viral inoculation. MBV decreased long-lasting alveolitis and the proportion of lung undergoing inflammatory tissue repair at day 21. MBV increased the proportion of activated anti-viral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at day 7 and memory-like CD62L+ CD44+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells at day 21. These results show immunomodulatory properties of MBV that may benefit the treatment of viral-mediated pulmonary inflammation with applicability to other viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2.
Selection algorithm for K-means initial clustering center

The initial clustering centers of K-means algorithm are randomly selected,which may result in low accuracy and unstable clustering.To solve these problems,a K-means initial clustering center selection algorithm was proposed.The locations of data points were determined by analyzing Difference of K-dist(DK) graph.One point with the least k-dist value on the main density curves was selected as an initial clustering center.The experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm can select unique initial clustering center,gain stable clustering result,get higher accuracy and reduce times of iteration.
SPSB1‐mediated inhibition of TGF‐β receptor‐II impairs myogenesis in inflammation

Abstract Background Sepsis‐induced intensive care unit‐acquired weakness (ICUAW) features profound muscle atrophy and attenuated muscle regeneration related to malfunctioning satellite cells. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is involved in both processes. We uncovered an increased expression of the TGF‐β receptor II (TβRII)‐inhibitor SPRY domain‐containing and SOCS‐box protein 1 (SPSB1) in skeletal muscle of septic mice. We hypothesized that SPSB1‐mediated inhibition of TβRII signalling impairs myogenic differentiation in response to inflammation. Methods We performed gene expression analyses in skeletal muscle of cecal ligation and puncture‐ (CLP) and sham‐operated mice, as well as vastus lateralis of critically ill and control patients. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines and specific pathway inhibitors were used to quantitate Spsb1 expression in myocytes. Retroviral expression plasmids were used to investigate the effects of SPSB1 on TGF‐β/TβRII signalling and myogenesis in primary and immortalized myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. For mechanistical analyses we used coimmunoprecipitation, ubiquitination, protein half‐life, and protein synthesis assays. Differentiation and fusion indices were determined by immunocytochemistry, and differentiation factors were quantified by qRT‐PCR and Western blot analyses. Results SPSB1 expression was increased in skeletal muscle of ICUAW patients and septic mice. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐6 increased the Spsb1 expression in C2C12 myotubes. TNF‐ and IL‐1β‐induced Spsb1 expression was mediated by NF‐κB, whereas IL‐6 increased the Spsb1 expression via the glycoprotein 130/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. All cytokines reduced myogenic differentiation. SPSB1 avidly interacted with TβRII, resulting in TβRII ubiquitination and destabilization. SPSB1 impaired TβRII‐Akt‐Myogenin signalling and diminished protein synthesis in myocytes. Overexpression of SPSB1 decreased the expression of early (Myog, Mymk, Mymx) and late (Myh1, 3, 7) differentiation‐markers. As a result, myoblast fusion and myogenic differentiation were impaired. These effects were mediated by the SPRY‐ and SOCS‐box domains of SPSB1. Co‐expression of SPSB1 with Akt or Myogenin reversed the inhibitory effects of SPSB1 on protein synthesis and myogenic differentiation. Downregulation of Spsb1 by AAV9‐mediated shRNA attenuated muscle weight loss and atrophy gene expression in skeletal muscle of septic mice. Conclusions Inflammatory cytokines via their respective signalling pathways cause an increase in SPSB1 expression in myocytes and attenuate myogenic differentiation. SPSB1‐mediated inhibition of TβRII‐Akt‐Myogenin signalling and protein synthesis contributes to a disturbed myocyte homeostasis and myogenic differentiation that occurs during inflammation.
Accuracy of artificial intelligence software for CT angiography in stroke

Software developed using artificial intelligence may automatically identify arterial occlusion and provide collateral vessel scoring on CT angiography (CTA) performed acutely for ischemic stroke. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of e‐CTA by Brainomix™ Ltd by large‐scale independent testing using expert reading as the reference standard.
Maternal pre-conceptional glyphosate exposure impacts the offspring hepatic and ovarian proteome

Abstract Glyphosate (GLY) is an herbicide used for rural and urban weed control. Urinary GLY in women is associated with shortened gestational length yet effects of GLY on offspring due to maternal exposure are unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that maternal chronic pre-conceptional GLY exposure would cause phenotypic and molecular changes in F1 offspring. Female C57BL/6 mice (7-week-old; n = 40) received saline vehicle control (CT; n = 20) or GLY (2 mg/kg; n = 20) daily per os for 10 weeks. At dosing completion, females were housed with unexposed males and divided into Cohort 1 who were euthanized at gestation day 14 (n = 10 per treatment) and Cohort 2 who completed gestation (n = 10 per treatment). F1 female ovarian and liver samples underwent LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis. Maternal exposure did not affect litter (P > .05) sex ratio, or embryonic or neonatal gross phenotypes. In Cohort 2 offspring, no treatment effect on (P > .05) offspring anogenital distance, puberty onset, or ovarian follicular composition was noted. Body weight was increased (P < .05) in male GLY-exposed compared with CT dam offspring. F1 females from GLY-exposed dams had altered (P < .05) abundance of 54 ovarian and 110 hepatic proteins. Pathways altered in the ovary (false discovery rate [FDR] ≤ 0.07) included thermogenesis and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-AKT signaling and in liver (FDR ≤ 0.08) included metabolic, glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and thermogenesis. Thus, pre-conceptional GLY exposure affected offspring phenotypic and molecular profiles potentially impacting reproductive health.
New 2+1-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell solution without cosmological constant

(Dated: December 3, 2013)In the absence of cosmological constant a simple, yet unnoticed Einstein-Maxwell (EM) solution ispresented in 2+1-dimensions. Physically the solution may be considered to represent a black pointsingular at r = 0. The spacetime is supported entirely by a uniform, circular electric eld.
Radiation-induced lymphopenia and the survival of women with cervical cancer: a meta-analysis

Abstract The current systematic analysis and meta-analysis was aimed to evaluate the association between radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) and survival of women with cervical cancer (CC). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant cohort studies comparing survival between women with CC who developed versus not developed RIL after radiotherapy. We pooled the results using a random-effects model that incorporates heterogeneity. In the meta-analysis, 952 women with CC were included from eight cohort studies. Overall, 378 (39.7%) of them had RIL after radiotherapy. During a median follow-up duration of 41.8 months, pooled results showed that RIL was independently associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81 to 3.94, p < 0.001; I2 = 20%) and progression-free survival (HR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.98, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Predefined subgroup analyses showed similar results in patients with grade 3-4 and grade 4 RIL, in patients with RIL diagnosed during or after the radiotherapy, and in studies with quality score of seven or eight points (p values for subgroup effect all < 0.05). In conclusion, women with RIL were associated with poor survival after radiotherapy for CC.
Burden of Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury and Its Association With Rehabilitation Outcomes

Objectives The aims of the study are to determine the cardiovascular risk burden rehabilitation discharge and to explore the association between recovery during rehabilitation and cardiovascular disease risk profile. Methods We included adults without cardiovascular disease admitted for rehabilitation. We evaluated rehabilitation outcomes on admission and discharge. Cardiovascular disease risk profile was assessed by Framingham risk score, high-density lipoprotein, and fasting glucose level. Results We analyzed data from 706 participants (69.6% men) with a median age of 53.5 yrs. The median time since injury was 14 days, and the admission length was 5.2 months. Majority had paraplegia (53.3%) and motor incomplete injury (53.7%). One third of the cohort had high cardiovascular risk profile before discharge. At discharge, poorer anthropometric measures were associated with higher Framingham risk score and lower high-density lipoprotein levels. Individuals with higher forced vital capacity (>2.72 l) and peak expiratory flow (>3.4 l/min) had 0.16 mmol/l and 0.14 mmol/l higher high-density lipoprotein compared with those with lower respiratory function, respectively. Individuals with higher mobility score (>12.5) and functional independence score (>74) had 0.21 and 0.18 mmol/l higher high-density lipoprotein compared with those with lower scores. Conclusions There is high cardiometabolic syndrome burden and cardiovascular disease risk profile upon rehabilitation discharge. Higher respiratory function, mobility, and overall independence were associated with better cardiovascular disease risk profile, although with study design limitations and short follow-up. Future studies should explore whether rehabilitation outcomes could be used to prioritize screening. To Claim CME Credits Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry. org/JournalCME CME Objectives Upon reading this journal article, the reader is expected to: (1) Determine the burden of cardiometabolic disease in the early phase of spinal cord injury (SCI); (2) Differentiate the proposed SCI cutoff for high-risk obesity from the able-bodied population; and (3) Increase physicians’ acuity for detecting cardiometabolic disease in their practice. Level Advanced Accreditation The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
The impact of intestinal stoma formation on patient quality of life after emergency surgery—A systematic review

Elective stoma formation has a negative effect on patient quality of life (QoL), with a potential detrimental impact on body image, confidence and social functioning being shown previously. However, the impact of emergency stoma formation on QoL has been explored less frequently. This systematic review aims to synthesize all available literature exploring QoL via patient‐reported outcome measures.
Sociodemographic Disparities in Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis is consistently considered a key indicator of anesthesia care quality. PONV may disproportionately impact disadvantaged patients. The primary objectives of this study were to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and the incidence of PONV and clinician adherence to a PONV prophylaxis protocol. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients eligible for an institution-specific PONV prophylaxis protocol (2015–2017). Sociodemographic and PONV risk data were collected. Primary outcomes were PONV incidence and clinician adherence to PONV prophylaxis protocol. We used descriptive statistics to compare sociodemographics, procedural characteristics, and protocol adherence for patients with and without PONV. Multivariable logistic regression analysis followed by Tukey-Kramer correction for multiple comparisons was used to test for associations between patient sociodemographics, procedural characteristics, PONV risk, and (1) PONV incidence and (2) adherence to PONV prophylaxis protocol. RESULTS: Within the 8384 patient sample, Black patients had a 17% lower risk of PONV than White patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.95; P = .006). When there was adherence to the PONV prophylaxis protocol, Black patients were less likely to experience PONV compared to White patients (aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.93; P = .003). When there was adherence to the protocol, patients with Medicaid were less likely to experience PONV compared to privately insured patients (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64–1.04; P = .017). When the protocol was followed for high-risk patients, Hispanic patients were more likely to experience PONV than White patients (aOR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.18–7.42; adjusted P = .022). Compared to White patients, protocol adherence was lower for Black patients with moderate (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64–0.91; P = .003) and high risk (aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42–0.78; P = .0004). CONCLUSIONS: Racial and sociodemographic disparities exist in the incidence of PONV and clinician adherence to a PONV prophylaxis protocol. Awareness of such disparities in PONV prophylaxis could improve the quality of perioperative care.