Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface Polarization Enhancement and Switching Properties of Small Ferroelectric Particles

We have studied the polarization switching in ferroelectric particles by using a time dependent Ginzburg Landau model. The surface effect is described by considering the polarization enhancement towards the surface. The influence of this phenomena and related bound charges field on switching properties is extensively discussed and their implication on the local switching mechanism has been elucidated. In particular, we have demonstrated that the effect of the bound charges field strongly depends on the location inside the particle and on the moment of the switching process.
Nonparametric Two-Sample Comparisons of Changes on Ordinal Responses

Abstract We discuss two-armed clinical trials in which an ordinal response is observed on entry and at follow-up. In certain subject areas, such data are often reduced to the counts of patients who have deteriorated, remained the same, or improved. We develop asymptotic distribution theory to compare this approach to the use of nonparametric tests based on poststratification of the follow-up responses according to the entry levels. The theory for the latter approach is established by a general result for two-sample U statistics based on bivariate data. Application to data from clinical trials and evaluation of asymptotic relative efficiencies and powers for a variety of contexts illustrate the increased sensitivity of poststratified Wilcoxon tests.
Pt and Zn based ohmic contacts to p-type InP

Interest in InP as a material for electronic and photonic devices such as junction field effect transistors (JFET) and laser diodes has increased rapidly over the last decade. Low resistance, reliable ohmic contacts play an essential role in the performance of these devices. Solar cells and LEDs require contacts to p-type InP, however, the large (/spl sim/0.8 eV) barrier height for metals on this material makes their formation difficult. This paper presents the fabrication and characteristics of a new Zn based metallisation for ohmic contacts to p-InP, achieving a lowest specific contact resistance of 2/spl times/10/sup -5/ /spl Omega/ cm/sup 2/. <<ETX>>
Corn Leaf Disease Identification with Improved Accuracy

The corn is a major food crops in many countries along with rice and wheat. It is one that is produced easily and used to feed millions of hungry stomachs. The production of corn is always affected by various diseases that might have different treatments. So incorrect classification of diseases may lead to incorrect remedial measures and reduced production efficiency also. The proposed model is formed with various convolutional layers and fully connected layers and predicts corn leaf disease correctly. This work utilizes corn leaf images from Mendeley dataset for all four health conditions of leaves like; Gray Leaf Spot, Common Rust, Blight, Healthy and contains 3852 images in all. After exhaustive iterations, the proposed work classifies corn disease with 95.60% training and 97.60% validation accuracy. All the performance metrics are presented and discussed here for a clear understanding. The F1-score calculated for each disease shows the strength of this work.
Electrostatic pickup rejection in low plasma current measurement

Low magnitude plasma current measurements by conventional Rogowski coils are susceptible to error induced by electrostatic pickup in a radio frequency (RF) environment. This paper highlights and provides a remedy for the various sources of errors encountered in low plasma current measurements performed with traditional Rogowski coil designs. A comparative study of most commonly used coil designs is done with respect to their capacitive pickup rejection, and a simple technique is developed to measure current less than 50 A, with minimum possible error, in our experimental conditions. In our coil design, elimination of electrostatic pickup due to unbalanced currents and voltage fluctuations in close proximity to the coil is carried out by the coil system itself, hence distinguishing it from the usual double coil arrangement and evading the use of cumbersome balun transformers and expensive differential amplifiers. For absolute calibration, magnetic field fluctuations are produced separately in a well-defined transient current configuration. An instrumentation scheme for the integrator circuitry is also attempted to enhance the impunity of this diagnostics to the noise in the radio frequency environment. The application of the designed Rogowski coil system leads to a proper, successful and novel measurement of a low magnitude (25–140 A) plasma current, driven by wave-induced helicity of helicon waves, in our toroidal helicon plasma device. The error in measurement of the low plasma current using conventional Rogowski coil designs, in the RF environment, is reduced from −15 dB to −45 dB by application of our proposed modifications in the Rogowski coil design.
Improved technique to determine second-order optical nonlinearity profiles using two different samples

An improved inverse Fourier transform Maker fringe (MF) technique is described to retrieve the nonlinearity profile of thin films. It involves measuring the MF curve of two sandwich structures made by combining a pair of different nonlinear samples in two configurations. A simple algorithm is developed to process this data and retrieve the profile of both samples. Compared to our previous technique, which involves a single sandwich structure made of two identical samples, this technique is more flexible, it is insensitive to differences between the samples, and data processing is simpler and much faster. After a sample has been initially characterized by this technique, it can be used as a reference to characterize any other unknown sample using a single MF measurement. Experimental verification is demonstrated with a pair of thermally poled silica wafers.
Pressure-Sensitive Paint Application to an Oscillating Shock Wave in a Transonic Flow

This paper presents an application of the pressure-sensitive paint technique to investigate two-dimensional unsteady flow in a transonic channel. This work is a contribution to the study of the transonic interaction between an oscillating shock wave and a separated boundary layer in a channel flow. The shock-wave oscillation is forced by the periodic variation of the section of a second throat by means of a rotating elliptical shaft located in its section. The channel’s lower wall is equipped with a contour profile, or bump, allowing for flow separation. To achieve a reduced response time for surface pressure measurements, we use anodized-aluminum coating as pressure-sensitive paint instead of usual paint. An aluminum insert including the bump was manufactured and coated with anodized-aluminum pressure-sensitive paint. Images were acquired by using a high-speed camera, and pressure-sensitive paint results were compared with pressure tap and Kulite sensor measurements implemented in the insert. Spectral an.
Interacting resonances in atomic spectroscopy

Interactions between autoionising resonances are described. The authors begin from the simplest cases, namely isolated autoionising resonances and shape resonances, and build up to more complicated situations, through the case of two interacting resonances to an infinite Rydberg manifold of autoionising resonances. Next, cases in which the background phase shift of the continuum can vary are considered, and this situation is shown to be equivalent to the presence of an intruder state. The q reversal and vanishing width effects are described, treated both theoretically and through some real examples. They summarise the general treatment of a Rydberg manifold perturbed by an intruder state, and the influence of the intruder on the shape parameters is discussed in detail. They present a formula for the profiles of two interacting Rydberg series of autoionising resonance. Lastly, symmetry reversal effects in resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionisation spectroscopy are considered and an example is given.
RBM10 Is a Biomarker Associated with Pan-Cancer Prognosis and Immune Infiltration: System Analysis Combined with In Vitro and Vivo Experiments

RNA binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) is a splicing factor that has been reported to be involved in the occurrence and progression of multiple malignancies. However, the RBM10 involvement in pan-cancer immunotherapy is not clear. In here, we provide the first comprehensive assessment of the prognostic value and immunological function of RBM10 in human pan-cancer utilizing multiple public databases. Data reveal the aberrant RBM10 expression in most tumors, and its expression is positively or negatively linked with the clinical prognosis of various cancers, depending on the different types and subtypes of cancers. In most tumors, RBM10 mutations are frequently occurred, which is closely related to tumor progression. Moreover, our results also show that RBM10 is considerably linked with most of the immune checkpoint genes, tumor immune cell infiltration, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability. Additionally, RBM10 is significantly positively correlated with the sensitivity of trametinib, 17-AAG, PD-0325901, RDEA119, cetuximab, and afatinib, indicating potential antagonism between RBM10 inhibitors and these antitumor drugs, and more likely to develop drug resistance. We also verify that downregulation of RBM10 enhances the malignant phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma cells using in vitro cell experiments, and in vivo animal experiments show that the overexpression of RBM10 reduces the growth of tumors. Furthermore, upregulating RBM10 greatly reduces the PD-L1 protein levels, while silencing RBM10 considerably enhances PD-L1 protein levels. Moreover, the overexpression of RBM10 decreases the protein stability of PD-L1. To sum up, our pan-cancer analysis indicates that RBM10 is a promising biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy, which provides a new insight for cancer immunotherapy.
Towards Data Augmentation for DRS-to-Text Generation

The data augmentation approach is becoming very popular in Natural Language Generation (NLG). Different approaches have been utilized in NLP and NLG to augment data and increase training examples for the neural model. Yet no studies have performed augmentation on logical input i.e., Discourse Representation Structures (DRS). We present data augmentation in DRS i.e., DRS taken from the PMB corpus, for the DRS-to-Text generation task. We conducted our experiments on a standard bi-LSTM-based sequence-to-sequence model thus creating an end-to-end neural approach for generating English sentences from DRS. We evaluated the output generated from word-level and character-level decoders with the help of reference-based evaluation metrics like BLEU, ROUGE, METEOR, NIST, and CIDEr. The practical implementation of augmented DRS succeeded in achieving better results compared to DRS without augmentation. To prove the significance of our model, we conducted statistical significance tests i.e., the Shapiro-Wilk Test (to check data normality) and the Wilcoxon Test (to test model significance). Wilcoxon results states that our model is significantly better with the p-value = 2.37e-05 for Char-level model and p-value = 7.78e-07 for Word-level model.
Experiments on Flame Spread of a Fuel Droplet Array in a High-Pressure Ambience.

Flame spread phenomena in a suspended fuel droplet array were experimentally investigated for n-hexadecane in a high-pressure ambience. Seven droplets of the same size were arranged at equal horizontal spacings. Flame spread rates were measured based on OH emission histories detected by a high-speed video camera with an image intensifier for droplet diameters of 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 mm at ambient pressures from 0.1 to 2.0 MPa. Results show that, as droplet spacing becomes smaller, flame spread rate increases and attains a maximum value at a specific spacing. A further decrease in droplet spacing causes the spread rate to decrease due to the large latent heat of vaporization. Experiments were also conducted in a microgravity field to determine if these characteristics of flame spread are affected by natural convection.
Circular Far-Wake Flow behind a Sphere: Solutions to the Second Order

AbstractThe theory of hydrodynamic phenomenon of the axisymmetric circular far-wake flow behind a sphere is revisited in this study by the generalized similarity solution of the governing momentum equations to obtain the solutions to the second order in respect of the inverse distance from the sphere center. In case of a laminar wake, the nonlinear equation is derived from the Navier–Stokes equations; while in case of a turbulent wake, it is obtained from the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the eddy viscosity concept. The first-order Oseen-type linearization yields solutions well known in the literature, but the second-order solutions obtained in this study are novel.
Sensitivity of bistatic scattering to soil moisture and surface roughness of bare soils

The sensitivity of bistatic scattering coefficient σ° to soil moisture content (SMC) and surface roughness was investigated by means of model simulations of the incoherent scattered fields performed with the advanced integral equation model (AIEM) and the second order small perturbation model (SPM). The study was performed by simulating scattering on the whole upper half space, for different values of incident angles. The achieved results, represented as maps of σ° as a function of azimuth and zenith angles, were evaluated by means of a quality index which takes into consideration the effect of roughness on SMC measurement. The sensitivity analysis has pointed out that for measuring SMC a bistatic observation, by itself or combined with the monostatic one, can make appreciable improvements with respect to classical monostatic radar. Appendix A contains the AIEM formulas corrected for several typographical errors present in the specific literature.
Development of Contact-Loss Measuring System Using Ultraviolet Ray Detection

The optical contact-loss measuring system based on the detection of arcing photons uses visible rays in measurement, which is executed only at night because the method's accuracy is reduced by environmental light. This problem can be solved by adopting a new system based on the detection of ultraviolet rays, which is expected to be adopted by The International Electrotechnical Commission in the future. However, the new system has the drawback of being very expensive. This paper reports on a low-priced measurement system developed to address the issue.
Controllable optical response in hybrid opto-electromechanical systems*

We theoretically investigate the analog of electromagnetically induced absorption and parametric amplification in a hybrid opto-electromechanical system consisting of an optical cavity and a microwave cavity coupled to a common mechanical resonator. When the two cavity modes are driven by two pump fields, a weak probe beam is applied to the optical cavity to monitor the optical response of the hybrid system, which can be effectively controlled by adjusting the frequency and power of the two pump fields. We find that the analog of electromagnetically induced absorption and parametric amplification can appear in the probe transmission spectrum when one cavity is pumped on its red sideband and another is pumped on its blue sideband. These phenomena can find potential applications in optical switching and signal amplification in the quantum information process.
Integrated Likelihood Inference in Small Sample Meta‐analysis for Continuous Outcomes

This paper proposes the use of the integrated likelihood for inference on the mean effect in small‐sample meta‐analysis for continuous outcomes. The method eliminates the nuisance parameters given by variance components through integration with respect to a suitable weight function, with no need to estimate them. The integrated likelihood approach takes into proper account the estimation uncertainty of within‐study variances, thus providing confidence intervals with empirical coverage closer to nominal levels than standard likelihood methods. The improvement is remarkable when either (i) the number of studies is small to moderate or (ii) the small sample size of the studies does not allow to consider the within‐study variances as known, as common in applications. Moreover, the use of the integrated likelihood avoids numerical pitfalls related to the estimation of variance components which can affect alternative likelihood approaches. The proposed methodology is illustrated via simulation and applied to a meta‐analysis study in nutritional science.
Mass segregation in the globular cluster M30

The main-sequence LFs are derived for three fields at different radial distances from the center of the globular cluster M30. It is found that the LFs become flatter with decreasing radius. The observed radial dependence of the slope of the LF is compared with the predictions of mass segregation from the multi-mass component King (1966) models computed by Pryor et al. (1986). The models are shown to be consistent within the errors with an equipartition model with a global mass function slope of x = 0.9, confirming the validity of the mass segregation corrections of Pryor et al. 24 refs.
Georgia Leads in Prosociality: Comparison to Cross-Cultural Economic Experiment

Recent experimental economic research highlights the importance of Altruism and prosociality in many economic relations. Our experiment replicates the cross-cultural public goods game experiment conducted in 16 different countries by (Herrmann, Thöni, and Gächter 2008). We find that the mean contributions in standard public goods experiment with voluntary contribution in Tbilisi participant pool appears the highest compared to 16 experiment participant pool of different countries. Moreover, our experimental results show surprisingly flat pattern of mean contributions, indicating on strong evidence of altruism and prosociality. Individual level experimental data tentatively suggests, the repeated game incentives and considerable portion of altruism seems to reinforce each other and motivate subjects' genuine generosity reputation building, as it is a distinct and esteemed character of Georgian culture. In our view, our results of strong evidence of altruism contributes to the cross-cultural economic research of human cooperation.
Obtaining bioLPG via the HVO Route in Brazil: A Prospect Study Based on Life Cycle Assessment Approach

BioLPG is a partially renewable fuel that can be produced by different conversion routes, with vegetable oil hydrotreatment (HVO) being one of the most promising processes. This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to assess the environmental impacts associated with this processing. The analysis considered the conditions practiced in Brazil with soybean oil (SO) as raw material, different hydrogen sources, and raw materials’ feed rates in the reaction system. The model was based on secondary data collected for the 2020–2021 biennium, and the environmental impacts were determined for Global Warming Potential, Primary Energy Demand, Terrestrial Acidification, Fine Particulate Matter Formation, Terrestrial Ecotoxicity, and direct Land Use Change. The results show that the SO produced by soybeans grown in Paraná/BR and hydrotreated with H2 obtained by electrolysis ([SO/H2]mol/mol = 1:30) had the best environmental performance in four of the six impact categories analyzed. A complementary analysis also identified the best environmental performances for bioLPG obtained from blending SO from different sources to avoid supplier dependence. Even accumulating worse environmental performance than fossil LPG, renewable fuel has promising prospects for deployment in Brazil. Nevertheless, for this to occur, some actions must be implemented in its production cycle.
Modelling the cortical representation of infrequent stimuli

In complex natural environments, sensory systems are constantly exposed to a large stream of inputs. In order to encode the everchanging sensory surroundings efficiently, sensory systems rapidly adapt their responses to common stimuli that are parts of predictable patterns while retain their responsiveness to the novel, unexpected stimuli that usually contain behaviourally important information. Such a differential processing capacity is commonly referred to as novelty detection, whose neural signatures have been identified in human electroencephalogram (EEG) recording as mismatch negativity (MMN) and single-neuron electrophysiology as stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA). Despite the prevalence of the rare-selective responses in several sensory modalities, the intracellular and network mechanisms underlying are not yet fully understood. In this thesis, we employ the modeling tools in the computational neuroscience community, combined with computer simulation, to investigate the neuronal network dynamics producing novelty-detecting signals in the auditory and somatosensory cortex of the rodent model. Following an earlier auditory SSA mechanism in recurrent network with synaptic depression [Yarden and Nelken, 2017], we provide further support for the SSA circuitry hypothesis by using for the first time a similar recurrent network structure yet mediated with neuronal adaptation implemented in both simulated mean-field and physical neuromorphic spiking models. Our results suggest that SSA and its pertinent properties could arise from the differential excitation of tuned neuronal populations via propagation of population activity and short-term adaptation mechanism (neuronal adaptation or synaptic depression). In addition, we adapted and expanded this cortical circuit of the auditory SSA to a multi-scale thalamocortical network model that explains and reproduces physiologically observed neuronal response patterns that demonstrate signatures of both SSA and MMN in the somatosensory cortex [Musall et al., 2017]. Specifically, our results indicate that the novelty signal arises from the complex recurrent interplay between thalamic neurons and cortical neurons in layers 4 and 6. This work therefore provides a concrete mechanism that can serve as a starting point for further investigating the neural circuit mechanisms underlying novelty detection.
Comparative CO2 flux measurements by eddy covariance technique using open- and closed-path gas analysers over the equatorial Pacific Ocean

Direct comparison of air–sea CO2 fluxes by open-path eddy covariance (OPEC) and closed-path eddy covariance (CPEC) techniques was carried out over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Previous studies over oceans have shown that the CO2 flux by OPEC was larger than the bulk CO2 flux using the gas transfer velocity estimated by the mass balance technique, while the CO2 flux by CPEC agreed with the bulk CO2 flux. We investigated a traditional conflict between the CO2 flux by the eddy covariance technique and the bulk CO2 flux, and whether the CO2 fluctuation attenuated using the closed-path analyser can be measured with sufficient time responses to resolve small CO2 flux over oceans. Our results showed that the closed-path analyser using a short sampling tube and a high volume air pump can be used to measure the small CO2 fluctuation over the ocean. Further, the underestimated CO2 flux by CPEC due to the attenuated fluctuation can be corrected by the bandpass covariance method; its contribution was almost identical to that of H2O flux. The CO2 flux by CPEC agreed with the total CO2 flux by OPEC with density correction; however, both of them are one order of magnitude larger than the bulk CO2 flux.