Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bronchogenic carcinoma in Kashmir Valley.

An evaluation of the clinical, radiological and cytohistological parameters of bronchogenic carcinoma was conducted using a sample of 25 male patients (40-80 years of age); 3 of the patients claimed they were not smokers; the rest were graded as mild/moderate/heavy smokers. The 'deep cough' method of repeated and meticulous cytologic examination of sputum samples was used to detect neoplasm. Respiratory symptoms (coughs with expectoration) were reported by 24 of the 25 cases. Bronchial biopsy in 19 cases confirmed malignancy of growth as diagnosed by bronchoscopy. Cytologic examination of sputum in 18 cases also confirmed malignant growth and illustrated the efficiency of exfoliative cytology over tissue histology. These findings support the close association between hukkah (Indian hubble bubble) smoking and lung cancer. Further research is needed however to better understand the role of hukkah smoking in the development of lung cancer.
Hypothesis testing for two‐stage designs with over or under enrollment

Simon's two‐stage designs are widely used in cancer phase II clinical trials for assessing the efficacy of a new treatment. However in practice, the actual sample size for the second stage is often different from the planned sample size, and the original inference procedure is no longer valid. Previous work on this problem has certain limitations in computation. In this paper, we attempt to maximize the unconditional power while controlling for the type I error for the modified second stage sample size. A normal approximation is used for computing the power, and the numerical results show that the approximation is accurate even under small sample sizes. The corresponding confidence intervals for the response rate are constructed by inverting the hypothesis test, and they have reasonable coverage while preserving the type I error. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Tzanakis score vs Alvarado score in the effective diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis is the most frequent surgical emergency encountered worldwide. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Tzanakis score and Alvarado score in diagnosing acute appendicitis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of Tzanakis scoring system with Alvarado scoring system in diagnosing AA. METHODS This was a retrospective and nonrandomized observational study conducted in Dhulikhel hospital. It included 200 clinically diagnosed cases of acute appendicitis who underwent emergency open or laparoscopic appendectomy during the year 2012. Final diagnosis of acute appendicitis was based on histological findings given by pathologist. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Tzanakis score was 86.9%, 75.0, 97.5% and 33.3% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Alvarado score was 76.0%, 75.0%, 97.2% and 21.4% respectively. Negative appendectomy was 8.0%. CONCLUSION Tzanakis scoring system is an effective scoring system in diagnosing acute appendicitis.
Federal Deficit Policy and the Effects of Public Debt Shocks

Shifts between current taxation and debt issue alter the timing of taxes, which induces a variety of intertemporal substitution effects. In some circumstances the minimization of excess budget costs would entail stabilization of expected overall tax rates over time. The first section of the paper discusses this condition and derives its implications for the behavior of public debt. Empirically the major movements in U.S. public debt can be explained along the lines of the theoretical model as sensible responses to business fluctuations, changes in government expenditures, and variations in the anticipated inflation rate. In particular, much of federal deficit policy appears to be consistent with economic efficiency. The next section focuses on the economic effects of debt shocks, which are interpreted as departures of public debt movements from the systematic behavior that was investigated in the previous section. It is possible theoretically that these shocks could influence aggregate demand even when such effects did not arise from the systematic behavior of the deficit. The constructed debt shocks appear to have expansionary influences on output and negative effects on the unemployment rate, although the magnitudes of the effects that have been isolated are substantially weaker than those estimated for money shocks. Because it is the shock component of deficits -- rather than the systematic "policy" response -- that has been shown to affect real economic activity, the results do not provide a basis for using the deficit as an element of activist stabilization policy. Overall, the results do not suggest much payoff from the imposition of restrictions on federal deficit behavior; it Is likely that such constraints would mainly increase the excess burden that is imposed on the private sector by financing of government expenditures.
Cointegration Analysis of the Advertising-Sales Relationship

The examination of stochastic properties of the annual advertising and sales data from the Lydia Pinkham Company reveals that the series are cointegrated and, therefore, possess a long-run equilibrium condition. According to the estimates of the error correction model of the series, in the short-run advertising is found to be more responsive than sales in adjustments to eliminate departures from the long-run equilibrium condition. The author's analysis, in general, implies that the observed business firms' decision rules fixing advertising spending as a percentage of sales revenue may hold as a long-run equilibrium condition. Copyright 1991 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The Lipolytic Proteome of Mouse Adipose Tissue*S

Hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters is a key event in energy homeostasis of animals. However, many lipolytic activities still await their molecular identification. Here we report on a novel tool for concomitant analysis of lipases in complex proteomes. Fluorescent activity tags mimicking lipid substrates were used to label the proteome of mouse adipose tissue. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS led to the identification of all known intracellular lipases as well as a number of novel candidates. One of them was recently shown to be involved in triacylglycerol mobilization in adipocytes and therefore named adipose triglyceride lipase. Functional characterization of expressed enzymes demonstrated that lipolytic and esterolytic activities could be well discriminated. Thus our results show the first map of the lipolytic proteome of mouse adipose tissue and demonstrate the general applicability of our method for rapid profiling and identification of lipolytic activities in complex biological samples.
Alibaba at IJCNLP-2017 Task 2: A Boosted Deep System for Dimensional Sentiment Analysis of Chinese Phrases

This paper introduces Team Alibaba’s systems participating IJCNLP 2017 shared task No. 2 Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for Chinese Phrases (DSAP). The systems mainly utilize a multi-layer neural networks, with multiple features input such as word embedding, part-of-speech-tagging (POST), word clustering, prefix type, character embedding, cross sentiment input, and AdaBoost method for model training. For word level task our best run achieved MAE 0.545 (ranked 2nd), PCC 0.892 (ranked 2nd) in valence prediction and MAE 0.857 (ranked 1st), PCC 0.678 (ranked 2nd) in arousal prediction. For average performance of word and phrase task we achieved MAE 0.5355 (ranked 3rd), PCC 0.8965 (ranked 3rd) in valence prediction and MAE 0.661 (ranked 3rd), PCC 0.766 (ranked 2nd) in arousal prediction. In the final our submitted system achieved 2nd in mean rank.
The Business Environment and Moroccan Firm Productivity

The paper focuses on the role of the business environment in understanding differences in the total factor productivity of Moroccan firms. The business environment is captured by measures which include the investment climate in which firms operate, i.e. access to credit, regulatory and institutional environment and infrastructure. The evidence on the relationship between credit and productivity is strongly indicative of credit resources misallocation in Morocco. We also find that, heavier bureaucracy and differences in regulations appear to have a negative effect on firm productivity. This last result is particularly relevant for small firms, and/or those that do not export and/or those with no access to foreign capital.
Chemotherapeutic options in the management of anal cancer

During the past two decades, anal cancer has served as a paradigm for the successful application of chemoradiation to solid tumours; so far, it remains one of the few carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract which are curable without the need for definitive surgery. Since the original contribution by Nigro in 1974, surprisingly few changes have been made to the standard of care in chemotherapy, which still consists of a combination of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C. However, many issues have yet to be clarified, such as the potential role of cisplatin as a substitute to mitomycin, as well as treatment-induced toxicity in HIV-positive patients. In this paper, the management of patients with anal cancer is presented, and new chemotherapeutic options are critically reviewed. Finally, the authors’ opinion regarding currently unresolved issues in the treatment of these rare neoplasms is expressed.
Ratio Stability and Corporate Failure

THIS STUDY PRESENTS ANOTHER model on corporate failure that uses financial ratios and discriminant analysis as its core. We believe the final word on this methodology has not yet been said. The essential attribute of our model is its use of the stability of all financial ratios over time, as well as the level of these ratios, as explanatory variables in the derivation of a discriminant function. Our research indicated a substantial degree of instability, measured by (1) the standard deviation of the financial ratios over the past few years, (2) their standard error of estimate, and (3) their coeffilcient of variation, in the ratios of firms that went bankrupt when compared with those that did not. This instability showed a significant increase over time as the corporation approached failure (Figure 1). The inclusion of the stability of ratios in the analysis improved considerably the ability of the discriminant function to predict failure. Our model classified firms into failed and non-failed groups with 78 percent accuracy five years prior to failure. This represents a marked improvement over previously reported results. The next section outlines the milestones of recent corporate failure research. Then the characteristics of our data set are described. Following that we describe our methodology and present our results. Finally, a summary is made of our main conclusions.
Disoccupazione in Europa:fatti e proposte

This paper evaluates the rise in unemployment due to both labour force and employment components. In Europe, the rise in unemployment mostly re­flects the weakness of employment response to activity levels, as when la­bour hoarding occurs. Yet, the relevance of labour force cannot be neglected whenever unemployment persistence is explained by turnover costs that ne­cessarily rely on labour force heterogeneity. Growth possibilities were redu­ced in Europe by excessive market regulations both in product and labour markets, so that removing rigidities in labour market only is economical1y insufficient and politically untenable. Finally, employment growth has also been damaged by excessive tax rates on labour, stemming from different combinations of social security and in come taxes. JEL Codes: E24
The Financial Accelerator and the Flight to Quality

Adverse shocks to the economy may be amplified by worsening credit-market conditions-- the financial 'accelerator'. Theoretically, we interpret the financial accelerator as resulting from endogenous changes over the business cycle in the agency costs of lending. An implication of the theory is that, at the onset of a recession, borrowers facing high agency costs should receive a relatively lower share of credit extended (the flight to quality) and hence should account for a proportionally greater part of the decline in economic activity. We review the evidence for these predictions and present new evidence drawn from a panel of large and small manufacturing firms.
PULSE: Sonifying Data to Motivate Physical Activity in Outdoor Spaces

This work in progress details the conception of a new inter-disciplinary design intended to benefit the physical activity of running, by combining the sonification of real time personal health statistics with information regarding the surrounding environment. By applying datasets sourced from wearable technologies, a model was designed that generated new original musical materials from detailed figures pertaining to exertion. The resulting music presents an opportunity to iterate new knowledge gained from insights with participants, in order to create a real time mobile application - Pulse - that sonifies both a user's movements through place and the spaces within.
Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis

Since its publication in 2000, Public Management Reform has established itself as the standard text in the field, presenting a comparative analysis of recent changes in Public Management and Public Administration in a range of countries in Europe, North America, and Australasia. This completely rewritten second edition radically expands, develops, and updates the original. Two countries have been added to the comparison (making twelve countries in all) and a much fuller treatment has been provided of the European Commission (including a commentary on the recent reforms led by Vice-President Kinnock). Empirical data has been brought up to date, so as to cover many key developments of the last few years. The theoretical framework of the book has been further developed, including a challenging new interpretation of the trends in continental Europe, which are seen here as markedly different from the Anglo-American style 'New Public Management'. This second edition provides an unparalleled synthesis of developments in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, the UK, the USA, and the European Commission. It is organized in an integrated format, within an overall theoretical framework that identifies the main pressures for, and trajectories of, change. It includes a multi-dimensional analysis of the results of reform, and a chapter reflecting on the dynamic relationship between management reform and politics. Extensive appendices provide an invaluable information resource for students.
Elements of a Cognitive Model of Physics Problem Solving: Epistemic Games.

Although much is known about the differences between expert and novice problem solvers, knowledge of those differences typically does not provide enough detail to help instructors understand why some students seem to learn physics while solving problems and others do not. A critical issue is how students access the knowledge they have in the context of solving a particular problem. In this paper, we discuss our observations of students solving physics problems in authentic situations in an algebra-based physics class at the University of Maryland. We find that when these students are working together and interacting effectively, they often use a limited set of locally coherent resources for blocks of time of a few minutes or more. This coherence appears to provide the student with guidance as to what knowledge and procedures to access and what to ignore. Often, this leads to the students failing to apply relevant knowledge they later show they possess. In this paper, we outline a theoretical phenomenology for describing these local coherences and identify six organizational structures that we refer to as epistemic games. The hypothesis that students tend to function within the narrow confines of a fairly limited set of games provides a good description of our observations. We demonstrate how students use these games in two case studies and discuss the implications for instruction.
Cycling up the epidermis: reconciling 100 years of debate

There is likely general consensus within the skin research community that cell cycle control is critical to epidermal homeostasis and disease. The current predominant model proposes that keratinocytes switch off DNA replication and undergo cell cycle and cell growth arrest as they initiate terminal differentiation. However, this model cannot explain key physiological features of the skin, mainly why squamous differentiation prevails over proliferation in benign hyperproliferative disorders. In recent years, we have proposed an alternative model that involves mitotic slippage and endoreplication. This new model is controversial and has encountered resistance within the field. However, looking back at history, the epidermal cell cycle has been a matter of controversy and debate for around 100 years now. The accumulated data are confusing and contradictory. Our present model can explain and reconcile both old and new paradoxical observations. Here, we explain and discuss the endoreplicative cell cycle, the evidence for and against its existence in human epidermis and the important implications for skin homeostasis and disease. We show that regardless of the strengths or weaknesses of the Endoreplication Model, the existing evidence in support of the Cell Cycle Arrest Model is very weak.
Federal Family-Friendly Workplace Policies

Women's work experiences continue to be characterized by metaphors such as glass ceilings, glass walls, sticky floors, and trap doors (Guy, 1995) To what extent do the implementation of flexble workplace policies and personnel practices improve women's work experience? This article attempts to answer this question as it relates to the utilization of family-friendly workplace policies within federal cabinet-level departments The authors examine how the Clinton administration's family-friendly initiatives are being operationalized in several departments, companng and contrasting these efforts in varying settings The authors conclude that—progressive federal legislation notwithstanding— significant barriers remain to the widespread implementation of such policies
The Future of South Africa's Party System

The ruling African National Congress has been an overwhelming presence in the politics of post-apartheid South Africa. To date, the ANC government has enjoyed considerable success in satisfying its supporters' material expectations. As long as it continues to do so, it is reasonable to expect policy continuity. This may be long enough for the constitutionalism that at the moment may still be a matter of expediency for ANC leaders to become entrenched as a public and popular political value. Paradoxically, dominant-party politics may provide a protected space to nurture a more competitive system.
Conditional Logit, IIA, and Alternatives for Estimating Models of Interstate Migration

Many researchers have used the conditional logit model to examine migration. One common objection to this model is that it carries the independence from irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption, which may be too restrictive. This study compares the conditional logit with models that partially relax (nested logit) or fully relax (mixed logit) the IIA assumption. We will begin to learn whether assuming IIA holds poses serious estimation problems for migration modeling. Given the substantial computational cost of the more complex models, a finding that a well-specified, but computationally much simpler, conditional logit model may suffice would be useful.
Calibration of an urban cellular automaton model by using statistical techniques and a genetic algorithm. Application to a small urban settlement of NW Spain

Cellular automata (CA) stand out among the most commonly used urban models for the simulation and analysis of urban growth because of their ability to reproduce complex dynamics, similar to those found in real cities, from simple rules. However, CA models still have to overcome some shortcomings related to their flexibility and difficult calibration. This study combines various techniques to calibrate an urban CA that is based on one of the most widely used urban CA models. First, the number of calibration parameters is reduced by using various statistical techniques, and, second, the calibration procedure is automated through a genetic algorithm. The resulting model has been assessed by simulating the urban growth of Ribadeo, a small village of NW Spain, characterized by low, slow urban growth, which makes the identification of urban dynamics and consequently the calibration of the model more difficult. Simulation results have shown that, by automating the calibration procedure, the model can be more easily applied and adapted to urban areas with different characteristics and dynamics. In addition, the simulations obtained with the proposed model show better values of cell-to-cell correspondence between simulated and real maps, and the values for most spatial metrics are closer to real ones.
Utility of routine chest radiographs in the surgical intensive care unit. A prospective study.

OBJECTIVES To correlate patient condition and reasons for obtaining chest radiographs (CXRs) with the utility of CXRs in critical illness and to determine the potential impact of stricter criteria for obtaining a CXR in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN Inception cohort study of 1003 CXRs examined prospectively. PATIENTS AND SETTING A total of 157 consecutive patients admitted to the general surgical ICU of a 780-bed, urban, university-affiliated, tertiary care hospital. INTERVENTION Nothing was done to influence the ordering of CXRs. OUTCOME MEASURES Influence of CXR findings on clinical management. RESULTS The likelihood of a clinically important finding was 17% for CXRs obtained for no clear clinical indication (routine), 26% for those obtained to verify the position of a medical device, and 30% for those obtained for suspected clinical conditions. By univariate analysis, suspected pathophysiologic condition, admission APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score, presence of a central venous or Swan-Ganz catheter, and length of ICU stay were all predictors of a significant finding. By multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of a finding was a suspected clinical condition, and the only indwelling medical device that was an independent predictor of a finding was a Swan-Ganz catheter. If the criterion that routine CXRs should only be obtained in patients with Swan-Ganz catheters had been used, 200 CXRs would have been avoided during the 3-month study period. The only findings missed by not obtaining those CXRs would have been two malpositioned nasogastric tubes and one malpositioned central venous catheter. CONCLUSIONS Chest radiographs should only be obtained on surgical ICU patients for specific indications. Routine CXRs for ICU patients are justified only for patients with indwelling Swan-Ganz catheters.