Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heart rate variability stabilization in athletes: towards more convenient data acquisition

Resting heart rate variability (HRV) is a potentially useful marker to consider for monitoring training status in athletes. However, traditional HRV data collection methodology requires a 5‐min recording period preceded by a 5‐min stabilization period. This lengthy process may limit HRV monitoring in the field due to time constraints and high compliance demands of athletes. Investigation into more practical methodology for HRV data acquisitions is required. The aim of this study was to determine the time course for stabilization of ECG‐derived lnRMSSD from traditional HRV recordings. Ten‐minute supine ECG measures were obtained in ten male and ten female collegiate cross‐country athletes. The first 5 min for each ECG was separately analysed in successive 1‐min intervals as follows: minutes 0–1 (lnRMSSD0–1), 1–2 (lnRMSSD1–2), 2–3 (lnRMSSD2–3), 3–4 (lnRMSSD3–4) and 4–5 (lnRMSSD4–5). Each 1‐min lnRMSSD segment was then sequentially compared to lnRMSSD of the 5‐ to 10‐min ECG segment, which was considered the criterion (lnRMSSDCriterion). There were no significant differences between each 1‐min lnRMSSD segment and lnRMSSDCriterion, and the effect sizes were considered trivial (ES ranged from 0·07 to 0·12). In addition, the ICC for each 1‐min segment compared to the criterion was near perfect (ICC values ranged from 0·92 to 0·97). The limits of agreement between the prerecording values and lnRMSSDCriterion ranged from ±0·28 to ±0·45 ms. These results lend support to shorter, more convenient ECG recording procedures for lnRMSSD assessment in athletes by reducing the prerecording stabilization period to 1 min.
Challenges for spatially oriented entrepreneurship research

During the past two decades, interdisciplinary oriented entrepreneurship research focused increasingly on spatial aspects of entrepreneurial activities and support policies. This paper takes stock of central themes in entrepreneurship research at and across different geographic scales, the preferred sources of data and information as well as methodological approaches. It sets out to discuss the shifting interest of research over time and to sketch out theoretical and methodological challenges for further research. This paper is based on a review of 18 international journals in small business and entrepreneurship research, economic geography, regional economics and neighbouring sciences for the period 1990–2007. Altogether, 348 relevant articles were identified, read and classified. The analysis reveals that the entrepreneur's socio-spatial contexts in which they operate on a daily basis are still absent from much of the entrepreneurship debate. We suggest intensifying research efforts on the linkage between entrepreneurial activities and localities in order to reach a better understanding of the everydayness of entrepreneurship.
Update on RAAS Modulation for the Treatment of Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease

Since the advent of insulin, the improvements in diabetes detection and the therapies to treat hyperglycemia have reduced the mortality of acute metabolic emergencies, such that today chronic complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. More than half of the mortality that is seen in the diabetic population can be ascribed to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes not only myocardial infarction due to premature atherosclerosis but also diabetic cardiomyopathy. The importance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonism in the prevention of diabetic CVD has demonstrated the key role that the RAAS plays in diabetic CVD onset and development. Today, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers represent the first line therapy for primary and secondary CVD prevention in patients with diabetes. Recent research has uncovered new dimensions of the RAAS and, therefore, new potential therapeutic targets against diabetic CVD. Here we describe the timeline of paradigm shifts in RAAS understanding, how diabetes modifies the RAAS, and what new parts of the RAAS pathway could be targeted in order to achieve RAAS modulation against diabetic CVD.
Sensorless Vector Control of PM Synchronous Motors During Single-Phase Open-Circuit Faulted Conditions

This paper deals with the study and development of new control solutions of permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives specifically aimed to operate under sensorless vector control even during fault conditions. The phase imbalance produced by an open-phase fault leads to the failure of several sensorless estimation algorithms based on either machine models or high-frequency signal injection. Exploiting a recently proposed machine model for three-phase faulted PMSM drives, the practical implementation of sensorless vector controls for such drives under asymmetric conditions due to a single-phase open-circuit fault is performed. The effects of the magnetic/geometrical asymmetries during the fault are studied, and the techniques able to mitigate such effects on the rotor position information are provided. The rotor position estimation is achieved in a wide operating range during the fault as it is confirmed by experimental tests.
Olfactory assessment using the NIH Toolbox

The human olfactory system provides us with information about our environment that is critical to our physical and psychological well-being. Individuals can vary widely in their ability to detect, recognize, and identify odors, but still be within the range of normal function. Although several standardized tests of odor identification are available, few specifically address the issues in testing very young children, most of whom are likely to be unfamiliar with many of the odor stimuli used in adult tests and have limited ability to read and identify labels to select among choices. Based on the format of the San Diego Odor Identification Test and the delivery system of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, we developed 2 versions of an odor identification test using standardized odor stimuli in a scratch-and-sniff format in which participants match 5 (children) or 9 (adults) odors to pictures representing the odor source. Results from normative testing and validation showed that for most participants, the test could be completed in 5 minutes or less and that the poorer performance among the youngest children and the elderly was consistent with data from tests with larger numbers of items. Expanding on the pediatric version of the test with adult-specific and public health–relevant odors increased the ecological validity of the test and facilitated comparisons of intraindividual performance across developmental stages.
Food Fight! The Swedish Low-Carb/High Fat (LCHF) Movement and the Turning of Science Popularisation Against the Scientists

Science popularisation is widely recognised as having its ‘political uses’ and as serving as a conventional means for buttressing the epistemic authority of the institutions of science in society. By separating the work of producing new knowledge from its dissemination, popularisation promotes public understanding and appreciation of science placed beyond public reach and influence. However, simply by insisting upon such a separation, so popularisation remains vulnerable to ‘capture’ by skilled and resourceful communicators intent on turning it against the established authority of scientists. This is a phenomenon which can be analysed in relation to the communicative strategies pursued by a collection of general practitioners, diabetics and self-styled dietary experts in Sweden championing a low-carbohydrate/high fat (LCHF) dietetics akin to the Diet Revolution initiated by Robert Atkins in the early 1970s. By dedicating themselves to achieving an overwhelming public presence in the propagation of simplified accounts of dietary science, the LCHF movement has been able to fashion science popularisation into a weapon capable of being turned back upon established dietary expertise in Sweden. In this effort they have proceeded on two fronts; firstly by debunking established dietary advice for failing to live up to idealised standards of ‘sound science’, and secondly, by effectively mobilising the personal testimony and endorsements of dieters themselves in order to publicly confirm the authenticity and trustworthiness of the LCHF regimen.
A clustering approach for translationese identification

Our paper is concerned with investigating the impact of translationese on the novels of a bilingual writer and asking whether one could determine the authorship of a translated document. The main part of our paper will be centered on selecting a good set of lexical features that can be considered characteristic for an author. We used in our research the novels of Vladimir Nabokov, a bilingual author, who wrote his works in both Russian and English. Each text is represented by a vector of function words. We are interested in determining how the results vary across different feature sets and which feature set could be considered the most representative. In order to inspect our results we used a hierarchical clustering method and draw conclusions based on the most frequent result.
Overexpression of the Runx3 Transcription Factor Increases the Proportion of Mature Thymocytes of the CD8 Single-Positive Lineage1

The Runx family of transcription factors is thought to regulate the differentiation of thymocytes. Runx3 protein is detected mainly in the CD4−8+ subset of T lymphocytes. In the thymus of Runx3-deficient mice, CD4 expression is de-repressed and CD4−8+ thymocytes do not develop. This clearly implicates Runx3 in CD4 silencing, but does not necessarily prove its role in the differentiation of CD4−8+ thymocytes per se. In the present study, we created transgenic mice that overexpress Runx3 and analyzed the development of thymocytes in these animals. In the Runx3-transgenic thymus, the number of CD4−8+ cells was greatly increased, whereas the numbers of CD4+8+ and CD4+8− cells were reduced. The CD4−8+ transgenic thymocytes contained mature cells with a TCRhighHSAlow phenotype. These cells were released from the thymus and contributed to the elevated level of CD4−8+ cells relative to CD4+8− cells in the spleen. Runx3 overexpression also increased the number of mature CD4−8+ thymocytes in mice with class II-restricted, transgenic TCR and in mice with a class I-deficient background, both of which are favorable for CD4+8− lineage selection. Thus, Runx3 can drive thymocytes to select the CD4−8+ lineage. This activity is likely to be due to more than a simple silencing of CD4 gene expression.
Ultrasonic liver scanning: the A-scan in the normal and cirrhosis.

Techniques for the analysis of ultrasonic A-scans of the liver were used to compare the scans of 30 normal livers with those of 13 with cirrhosis. The ultrasonic frequency was approximately 1.5 MHz. Thirty scans of each liver were analysed using a computer. There is no significant difference between the ultrasonic attenuations in the two groups, but the echo amplitudes are significantly greater in the cirrhotics than in the normals. The echo envelope shapes of both groups are similar, apart from the larger amplitudes amongst the cirrhotics. This result is consistent with a model in which the source of the echoes is the hepatic vessel system, the characteristic impedance mismatch being increased in cirrhosis.
Diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections in allogeneic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients

Importance of the field: Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) are severe complications in patients receiving immunosuppression after solid organ or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Extensive study has been conducted on therapeutic strategies for IFD in neutropenic patients, mostly those with hematological malignancy. There is an ongoing discussion on whether these studies may be applied to transplant patients as well. Areas covered in this review: We have reviewed relevant literature on transplantation and clinical mycology of the last 20 years and selected articles relevant for today's treatment decisions. This article reports on the epidemiology of IFD in transplant recipients and current antifungal drugs in the context of tansplantation medicine. For invasive aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis, we give a detailed report of current clinical evidence. What the reader will gain: This review is intended as a quick-start for clinicians and other care providers new to transplant care and as an update for experienced transplant physicians. In a field in which evidence is scarce and conflicting, we provide evidence-based strategies for diagnosing and treating the most relevant IFD in transplant recipients. Take home message: Physicians treating transplant patients should maintain a high level of awareness towards IFD. They should know the local epidemiology of IFD to make the optimal decision between current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Prophylaxis or early treatment should be considered given the high mortality of IFD.
Site-specific contributions to the pH dependence of protein stability

Understanding protein stability is a significant challenge requiring characterization of interactions within both folded and unfolded states. Of these, electrostatic interactions influence ionization equilibria of acidic and basic groups and diversify their pKa values. The pH dependence of the thermodynamic stability (ΔGFU) of a protein arises as a consequence of differential pKa values between folded and unfolded states. Previous attempts to calculate pH-dependent contributions to stability have been limited by the lack of experimental unfolded state pKa values. Using recently developed NMR spectroscopic methods, we have determined residue-specific pKa values for a thermodynamically unstable Src homology 3 domain in both states, enabling the calculation of the pH dependence of stability based on simple analytical expressions. The calculated pH stability profile obtained agrees very well with experiment, unlike profiles derived from two current models of electrostatic interactions within unfolded states. Most importantly, per-residue contributions to the pH dependence of ΔGFU derived from the data provide insights into specific electrostatic interactions in both the folded and unfolded states and their roles in protein stability. These interactions include a hydrogen bond between the Asp-8 side-chain and the Lys-21 backbone amide group in the folded state, which represents a highly conserved interaction in Src homology 3 domains.
Salsalate Activates Brown Adipose Tissue in Mice

Salsalate improves glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients, but the mechanism is still unknown. The aim of the current study was to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in these beneficial metabolic effects of salsalate by treating mice with salsalate during and after development of high-fat diet–induced obesity. We found that salsalate attenuated and reversed high-fat diet–induced weight gain, in particular fat mass accumulation, improved glucose tolerance, and lowered plasma triglyceride levels. Mechanistically, salsalate selectively promoted the uptake of fatty acids from glycerol tri[3H]oleate-labeled lipoprotein-like emulsion particles by brown adipose tissue (BAT), decreased the intracellular lipid content in BAT, and increased rectal temperature, all pointing to more active BAT. The treatment of differentiated T37i brown adipocytes with salsalate increased uncoupled respiration. Moreover, salsalate upregulated Ucp1 expression and enhanced glycerol release, a dual effect that was abolished by the inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In conclusion, salsalate activates BAT, presumably by directly activating brown adipocytes via the PKA pathway, suggesting a novel mechanism that may explain its beneficial metabolic effects in type 2 diabetes patients.
Two-Dimensional Sequential Array Architectures: Design for Testability and Reconfiguration Issues

New Design for Testability techniques aimed both at overcoming the problem of testing array architectures composed of sequential cells and guaranteeing fault tolerance through reconfiguration are proposed. Two strategies have been envisioned: (1) structural DfT techniques whose goal is to modify the interconnecting network embedding each cell, and (2) functional techniques aimed at defining a testable and reconfigurable implementation at the Finite State Machine (FSM) level and then synthesizing the modified functional description. Evaluation of the two classes of strategies on benchmarks are provided.
Predictive direct power control for grid connected power converters with dc-link voltage dynamic reference design

Development of control strategies for grid connected power converters is a fundamental aspect for applications such as integration of renewable energy sources, motor drives and energy storage systems. Hence, this topic has received significant attention from both academic and industry researchers. This paper presents the use of the Reduced Optimal Switching Sequence Direct Power Control (ROSS-DPC) together with a dynamic voltage reference design strategy for grid connected power converters. This predictive controller allows the converter to regulate the dc-link voltage reference and to track the instantaneous active and reactive power commands. Simulation results validates the proposed control strategy, which provides high performance during both transient and steady states.
[The filter effectiveness of common 15-micron filters (DIN 58362). II: Scanning electron microscopy and roentgen analysis].

When i.v. solutions are used, millions of foreign particles are washed into the organism. Our town studies could recently show that these particles may interact with the organism and thus cause injury. A new method is introduced here (energy dispersive X-ray analysis in scanning electron microscopy, SEM, Jeol 35 CF/EDX, EEDS II Ortec), with which the element combination of foreign particles can be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. As a first step an analysis of the particulate matter in filtrates of infusion solutions was carried out in the same way, materials used in infusion therapy (e.g. infusion sets, cannulas, etc.) were analyzed. The results show that most of the particulate matter consists of glass from ampoules, plastic materials from infusion sets and rubber from the rubber stoppers of infusion bottles.
Extrinsic influence factors in software reliability: a study of 200,000 windows machines

Reliability of software depends not only on intrinsic factors such as its code properties, but also on extrinsic factors—that is, the properties of the environment it operates in. In an empirical study of more than 200,000 Windows users, we found that the reliability of individual applications is related to whether and which other applications are in-stalled: While games and file-sharing applications tend to decrease the reliability of other applications, security applications tend to increase it. Furthermore, application reliability is related to the usage profiles of these applications; generally, the more an application is used, the more likely it is to have negative impact on reliability of others. As a conse-quence, software testers must be careful to investigate and control these factors.
Formulation and characterization of hydrophilic drug diclofenac sodium-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles based on phospholipid complexes technology

Abstract To successfully prepare the diclofenac sodium (DS)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), phospholipid complexes (PCs) technology was applied here to improve the liposolubility of DS. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with phospholipid complexes (PCs) were prepared by the modified emulsion/solvent evaporation method. DS could be solubilized effectively in the organic solvents with the existence of phospholipid and apparent partition coefficient of DS in PCs increased significantly. X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that DS in PCs was either molecularly dispersed or in an amorphous form. However, no significant difference was observed between the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra of physical mixture and that of PCs. Particles with small sizes, narrow polydispersity indexes and high entrapment efficiencies could be obtained with the addition of PCs. Furthermore, according to the transmission electron microscopy, a core-shell structure was likely to be formed. The presence of PCs caused the change of zeta potential and retarded the drug release of SLNs, which indicated that phospholipid formed multilayers around the solid lipid core of SLNs. Both FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry analysis also illustrated that some weak interactions between DS and lipid materials might take place during the preparation of SLNs. In conclusion, the model hydrophilic drug-DS can be formulated into the SLNs with the help of PCs.
Housing Norms, Housing Satisfaction and the Propensity to Move.

Normative housing deficits are introduced into an analysis of the propensity to move as intervening variables between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and satisfaction. The findings support the use of residential satisfaction and normative housing deficits as predictors of the propensity to move. The results indicate that the propensity to move is a response to housing satisfaction which, in turn, is a response to discrepancies between achieved and normatively prescribed housing.
Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer

SUMMARY Of the many types of human papillomavirus (HPV), more than 30 infect the genital tract. The association between certain oncogenic (high-risk) strains of HPV and cervical cancer is well established. Although HPV is essential to the transformation of cervical epithelial cells, it is not sufficient, and a variety of cofactors and molecular events influence whether cervical cancer will develop. Early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions can prevent progression to cervical cancer. Identification of precancerous lesions has been primarily by cytologic screening of cervical cells. Cellular abnormalities, however, may be missed or may not be sufficiently distinct, and a portion of patients with borderline or mildly dyskaryotic cytomorphology will have higher-grade disease identified by subsequent colposcopy and biopsy. Sensitive and specific molecular techniques that detect HPV DNA and distinguish high-risk HPV types from low-risk HPV types have been introduced as an adjunct to cytology. Earlier detection of high-risk HPV types may improve triage, treatment, and follow-up in infected patients. Currently, the clearest role for HPV DNA testing is to improve diagnostic accuracy and limit unnecessary colposcopy in patients with borderline or mildly abnormal cytologic test results.
Archive Fever: ‘Order is no longer assured’

Abstract This article uses a close reading of Jacques Derrida’s short work Archive fever: A Freudian impression (1996), in order to show the structural impossibility for law and the wider legal system to protect itself from the destabilising effects of deconstruction. It shows law’s inability to stabilise/close the system and hence its inability to ‘assure order’.