Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A practical method for syntactic error diagnosis and recovery

Our goal is to develop a practical syntactic error recovery method applicable within the general framework of viable prefix parsing. Our method represents an attempt to accurately diagnose and report all syntax errors without reporting errors that are not actually present. Successful recovery depends upon accurate diagnosis of errors together with sensible “correction” or alteration of the text to put the parse back on track. The issuing of accurate and helpful diagnostics is achieved by indicating the nature of the recovery made for each error encountered. The error recovery is prior to and independent of any semantic analysis of the program. However, the method does not exclude the invocation of semantic actions while parsing or preclude the use of semantic information for error recovery. The method assumes a framework in which an LR or LL parser, driven by the tables produced by a parser generator, maintains an input symbol buffer, state or prediction stack, and parse stack. The input symbol buffer contains part or all of the sequence of remaining input tokens, including the current token. The LR state stack is analogous to the LL prediction stack; except when restricting our attention to the LL case, prediction stack shall serve as a generic term indicating the LR state or LL prediction stack. The parse stack contains the symbols of the right hand sides that have not yet been reduced.
Arteriosclerosis, vascular calcifications and cardiovascular disease in uremia

Purpose of reviewArterial calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The mechanisms responsible for arterial calcification include alterations of mineral metabolism and expression of mineral-regulating proteins. Recent findingsArterial calcification is similar to bone formation, involving differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into phenotypically distinct osteoblast-like cells. Elevated phosphate and/or calcium trigger a concentration-dependent increase of calcium precipitates in VSMC in vitro. The calcification is initiated by VSMC release of membrane-bound matrix vesicles and formation of apoptotic bodies. The presence of serum prevents these changes, indicating the presence of calcification inhibitors. Arterial calcification occurs in two sites: the tunica intima and tunica media. Intimal calcification is a marker of atherosclerotic disease and is associated with arterial stenotic lesions. Medial calcification influences outcome by promoting arterial stiffening whose principal consequences are left-ventricular hypertrophy and altered coronary perfusion. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients. Age, duration of dialysis, smoking and diabetes are risk factors for the development of arterial calcification in end-stage renal disease. Oversuppression of parathyroid hormone and low bone turnover potentiate the development of arterial calcification. SummaryArterial disease in CKD patients is characterized by extensive calcification. Evidence has accumulated pointing to the active and regulated nature of the calcification process. Elevated phosphate and calcium may stimulate sodium-dependent phosphate cotransport involving osteoblast-like changes in cellular gene expression. Arterial calcification is responsible for stiffening of the arteries with increased left-ventricular afterload and abnormal coronary perfusion as the principal clinical consequences.
The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Horseback Riding in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

This study investigated the effectiveness of a16-week therapeutic horseback riding (THR) program on the gross motor function measures (GMFM) and the muscle tone of hip adductors in 14 children with spastic cerebral palsy (age: 3 years, one month to 11 years, 5 months). In the first phase of 16 weeks, nine of the children received the THR in addition to their regular treatment, while the rest received their regular treatment only. In the second phase (also 16 weeks), the arrangements were reversed. After THR, some of the children improved significantly in the GMFM E (walk/run/jump) score and the total score. The effect appears to be sustained for at least 16 weeks. No effect of THR on muscle tone was noted. We conclude that THR may be beneficial for some children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Brain tissue based sensitivity matrix in hemorrhage imaging by magnetic induction tomography

Cerebral hemorrhage can be detected and reconstructed by frequency-difference imaging method in magnetic induction tomography(MIT). The traditional sensitivity matrix used in solving the inverse problem of MIT was usually based on reciprocity theorem which cannot reconstruct the other brain tissues. Based on the frequency-dependent change of biological tissues conductivity, exact normal distribution of brain tissue was implemented as prior information to produce a new sensitivity matrix. A 2D normal realistic head model with 6 kinds of tissues was simulated by finite element analysis software to calculate the brain tissue based sensitivity matrix. Brain tissue based sensitivity maps were investigated and compared with the traditional sensitivity maps. Frequency-difference images of hemorrhage were reconstructed by Tikhonov regularization method using the brain tissue based sensitivity matrix. The results show that the proposed sensitivity matrix can reconstruct the hemorrhage more accurate relative to the other brain tissues than traditional sensitivity matrix by reconstructing the other brain tissues.
Schistosoma mansoni: differential expression of cathepsins L1 and L2 suggests discrete biological functions for each enzyme.

Schistosoma mansoni cathepsins L1 (SmCL1) and L2 (SmCL2) were expressed as active recombinant proteinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant enzymes exhibited substrate preferences characteristic of cathepsin-L-like cysteine proteinases. However, the enzymes differed in their substrate specificities; SmCL1 cleaved Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-NHMec with a higher efficiency than it cleaved Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec, whereas the opposite was true for SmCL2. The enzymes also differed in their pH profiles of activity; SmCL1 exhibited a broad pH profile with an optimum of pH 6. 5, while SmCL2 was active only in the acidic pH range with an optimum of 5.35. Immunoblot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that the native forms of both SmCL1 and SmCL2 are expressed in male and female worms, but at higher levels in adult female compared to male schistosomes. Additionally, both enzymes were observed in the excretory/secretory products of adult worms. The RT-PCR analysis indicated that neither enzyme is expressed in S. mansoni eggs or in miracidia, suggesting that the cathepsin-L-like activity that has been previously reported to be expressed in these stages may be the product of another gene(s). Cercariae do not express SmCL2, but appear to express SmCL1 in its inactive precursor form. Together with the findings of previous immunolocalization and phylogenetic analyses, the results reported here demonstrate that SmCL1 and SmCL2 are distinct cathepsin cysteine proteinases and strongly suggest that they play discrete biological roles.
Notice of RetractionResearch on the Earnings Management of Chinese Listed Companies Based on Cognitive Reference Points

Previous studies show that because of cognitive reference points, managers tend to conduct a particular kind of earnings management to affect the cognition of users of financial information. In order to examine whether this kind of earnings management exists in Chinese companies, this paper conducted a survey on the related financial data of 1,443 listed companies in Chinese A-share market. The results show that this earnings management based on cognitive reference points also exists in Chinese companies.
Unreachable Setpoints in Model Predictive Control

In this work, a new model predictive controller is developed that handles unreachable setpoints better than traditional model predictive control methods. The new controller induces an interesting fast/slow asymmetry in the tracking response of the system. Nominal asymptotic stability of the optimal steady state is established for terminal constraint model predictive control (MPC). The region of attraction is the steerable set. Existing analysis methods for closed-loop properties of MPC are not applicable to this new formulation, and a new analysis method is developed. It is shown how to extend this analysis to terminal penalty MPC. Two examples are presented that demonstrate the advantages of the proposed setpoint-tracking MPC over the current target-tracking MPC.
Emerging adulthood in southerns brazilians from differing socioeconomic status : social and subjetive markers

15 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 16 1. EA: Adult roles, Perceptions of Adulthood, and Dimensions 19 1.1 EA and future expectations 22 2. Transition to Adulthood in Different Contexts 23 3. Transition to adulthood in Brazil: Socioeconomic Influences 28 CHAPTER 1: Southern Brazilians from Differing SES: Demographic Characteristics, Perceptions of Adulthood, Technology Access, Educational Status, and Work Status 33 Method 33 Sample 33 Instruments 33 Procedures 34 Data analysis 34 Results and Discussion 35 Conclusion 46 CHAPTER 2: The Adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) to Brazilian Portuguese Version 47 Adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) in
The personal meaning of recovery among individuals treated for a first episode of psychosis.

OBJECTIVE There is little understanding of service users' conceptions of recovery in the early phase of psychotic disorders. An enhanced understanding of personal notions of recovery may help with the development and evaluation of interventions that address the concerns of service users. This study examined personal definitions of recovery among individuals recently treated in a specialized early-intervention service in Canada. METHODS Semistructured interviews were carried out with 30 individuals three to five years after initial treatment of a first episode of psychosis. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to examine participants' personal meanings of recovery. A typology of recovery definitions was constructed. RESULTS A majority of individuals considered themselves to be recovered. Responses indicated that recovery is a multidimensional experience and is often a personalized and achievable goal at this early stage in treatment. Individuals described recovery as improvement in one or more of three domains: illness recovery, psychological and personal recovery, and social and functional recovery. There was variation in the extent to which individuals perceived that recovery involved alleviation of symptoms and elimination of underlying vulnerability to illness. CONCLUSIONS There were several components of the personal meanings of recovery from a first episode of psychosis and variations in the emphasis that individuals placed on each component. An overall positive outlook may be a function of younger age, shorter duration of illness, and receipt of client-centered comprehensive and phase-specific treatment. Improved understanding of personal notions of recovery can guide clinical practices to address service users' recovery goals.
Living with foreign accent syndrome: Insider perspectives

Background: Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) represents an acquired neurological speech disorder where an individual suddenly appears to be involuntarily speaking with an accent they have never used before. Numerous studies have sought to uncover the underlying neurological, psycholinguistic, and acoustic correlates of this. No studies have examined FAS from the perspective of the speaker. Aims: We aimed to investigate and characterise the experience of living with FAS. Methods & Procedures: We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 people with neurogenic FAS in their own homes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. We employed Framework Analysis (Ritchie & Lewis 2003) and iterative feedback to participants to identify and confirm common emerging themes. Results & Outcomes: Four main themes emerged linked to (i) factors associated with the underlying neurological condition that could have a bearing on experiences and reactions independent of the FAS; (ii) altered accent: sense of self; (iii) altered accent: reactions of others. A fourth theme, coping strategies and adaptation, contained elements spanning the three others. Accounts highlighted negative aspects of FAS that individuals had to struggle to overcome. Positive outcomes were also identified. All participants stressed that the experience of FAS entailed a journey into unknown territory. Even if the journey's end was a return of the former accent, a new sense of self persisted as a result of the FAS experience. Conclusions: People with FAS are exposed to issues and adjustments shared with people with neurological conditions in general and speech disorders in particular. They experience the personal and interactional issues associated with being a stranger within a community with a different accent. An understanding of FAS requires attention to all these planes. We argue that the true essence of the experience of FAS lies in the unique intersection of these dimensions, and this determines the personal journeys of people with FAS.
Gemcitabine treatment in patients with inoperable locally advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer and prognostic factors

Objective. Most patients with pancreatic cancer show an inoperable locally advanced/ metastatic tumour at the time of diagnosis. The present study was aimed at determining the prognostic factors in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma treated with gemcitabine. Material and methods. Sixty-seven unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer patients treated with gemcitabine were included in the study and a total of 258 cycles of treatment were applied. Results. The overall response rate was 5%. Thirty-one percent of the patients had stable disease, whereas progressive disease was seen in 49%. Clinical benefit response rate was 15%. The median duration of response was 7.3 months. Median progression-free survival was 3 months, while median overall survival was 9 months. Univariate analysis revealed that worse results were found in patients with performance status (PS) = 2, and in patients with primary tumour location in the body or tail of the pancreas (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis of data revealed that the most important factor was PS of the patient, as the patients with PS = 2 had worse results than the patients with PS = 0–1 (p<0.05). Conclusions. Low PS is a negative predictive factor for the survival of patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma treated with gemcitabine.
Context and Content: Four Ways to Learn about Management Education

Over 20 years ago, Barbara Rogoff (1990) wrote that individual thinking processes relate to the cultural context and social interactions that provide guidance, support, direction, challenge, and impetus for development. Her book examined how children’s thinking is stretched by the immediate social contexts of problem solving and collaboration with others but it can certainly be argued that our ongoing learning occurs in the same way. The ability to see social context as part of the learning process is a key part of understanding continuing developments in management education. With this in mind, the Teaching & Learning Section is pleased to present four strong manuscripts on a variety of topics. The first three articles are experiential exercises with the capacity to make significant impact in our classroom work. The fourth draws on concepts from the sociology of the professions, including jurisdiction, professional identity, and characteristics of professional work to offer a framework for refocusing graduate business education. A fuller description of the articles follows. “Cultural Identity and Ethical Decision Making: An Experiential Exercise” by Cheryl Tromley, Cathy Giapponi, and Roselie McDevitt uses national culture as an organizing theme to understand ethical decision-making. The article offers a case study and role-playing exercise that encourages learners to absorb the norms of two fictional cultures in order to understand the business decisions of a furniture manufacturer trying to maintain its supply chain in a sustainable manner. The case has interesting context of interpersonal and cultural dynamics and allows participants to see the role national culture plays in ethical reasoning and the resolution of ethical conflicts. This is a powerful message as we see the ways corporate social responsibility plays out in a global economy.
Determination of interobserver variability for identifying inducible left ventricular wall motion abnormalities during dobutamine stress magnetic resonance imaging.

AIMS To determine the interobserver variability for identifying inducible left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities during high-dose dobutamine/atropine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DSMR). METHODS AND RESULTS Four readers from various institutions were supplied with the image data from 150 consecutive DSMR examinations and asked to grade wall motion and image quality throughout graded doses of dobutamine infusion administered to achieve 85% of the maximum age-predicted heart rate. Inducible ischaemia was identified if more than one segment demonstrated a new or worsening LV wall motion abnormality, and significant stenosis was defined as > or =50% luminal diameter reduction by quantitative contrast coronary angiography. Seventy-seven patients (51%) had luminal narrowings > or =50%. Diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy) of all readers was 78.2, 87.0 and 82.5%. Disagreement between two readers occurred in every seventh examination. Agreement on the presence or absence of inducible wall motion abnormalities was moderate (mean kappa value 0.59, range 0.52-0.76). Diagnostic performance and disagreement were independent of the presence of luminal narrowings > or =50% or the number of diseased coronary vessels. Image quality was regarded excellent in 89.3% of standard views. CONCLUSION In the setting of multiple observers from different institutions performing a diagnostic reading of DSMR examinations carried out at a single centre, the interobserver variability was low for identifying inducible LV wall motion abnormalities indicative of coronary arterial luminal narrowings > or =50%.
Blurring the Line Between Oses and Storage Devices (CMU-CS-01-166)

This report makes a case for more expressive interfaces between operating systems (OSes) and storage devices. In today’s systems, the storage interface consists mainly of simple read and write commands; as a result, OSes operate with little understanding of device-specific characteristics and devices operate with little understanding of system priorities. More expressive interfaces, together with extended versions of today’s OS and firmware specializations, would allow the two to cooperate to achieve performance and functionality that neither can achieve alone. This report consists of the technical content of an NSF proposal submitted in January 2001 and funded in June 2001 under the Information Technology Research (ITR) program. The only divergence from the original proposal is the removal of non-technical content (e.g., budgets, biographies, and results from prior NSF support). These ideas have been developed in collaboration with the other faculty, students and staff of CMU’s Parallel Data Lab (PDL). We thank the members and companies of the Parallel Data Consortium (including EMC, Hewlett-Packard, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, LSI Logic, Lucent, Network Appliances, Panasas, Platys, Seagate, Snap, Sun, and Veritas) for their interest, insights, feedback, and support.
Implicit Active Model using Radial Basis Function Interpolated Level Sets

Building on recent work by others that introduced RBFs into level sets for structural topology optimisation, we introduce the concept into active models and present a new level set formulation able to handle more complex topological changes, in particular perturbation away from the evolving front. This allows the initial contour or surface to be placed arbitrarily in the image. The proposed level set updating scheme is efficient and does not suffer from self-flattening while evolving which will cause large numerical error. Unlike conventional level set based active models, periodic re-initialisation is also no longer necessary and the computational grid can be much coarser, thus, it has great potential in modelling in high dimensional space. We show results on synthetic and real data for active modelling in 2D and 3D.
Analysis of Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Corneal Surface of Drosophila and Its Mutants by Atomic Force Microscopy and Optical Diffraction

Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism instrumental for numerous biological studies. The compound eye of this insect consists of some eight hundred individual ommatidia or facets, ca. 15 µm in cross-section. Each ommatidium contains eighteen cells including four cone cells secreting the lens material (cornea). High-resolution imaging of the cornea of different insects has demonstrated that each lens is covered by the nipple arrays - small outgrowths of ca. 200 nm in diameter. Here we for the first time utilize atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate nipple arrays of the Drosophila lens, achieving an unprecedented visualization of the architecture of these nanostructures. We find by Fourier analysis that the nipple arrays of Drosophila are disordered, and that the seemingly ordered appearance is a consequence of dense packing of the nipples. In contrast, Fourier analysis confirms the visibly ordered nature of the eye microstructures - the individual lenses. This is different in the frizzled mutants of Drosophila, where both Fourier analysis and optical imaging detect disorder in lens packing. AFM reveals intercalations of the lens material between individual lenses in frizzled mutants, providing explanation for this disorder. In contrast, nanostructures of the mutant lens show the same organization as in wild-type flies. Thus, frizzled mutants display abnormal organization of the corneal micro-, but not nano-structures. At the same time, nipples of the mutant flies are shorter than those of the wild-type. We also analyze corneal surface of glossy-appearing eyes overexpressing Wingless - the lipoprotein ligand of Frizzled receptors, and find the catastrophic aberration in nipple arrays, providing experimental evidence in favor of the major anti-reflective function of these insect eye nanostructures. The combination of the easily tractable genetic model organism and robust AFM analysis represents a novel methodology to analyze development and architecture of these surface formations.