Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF POLYA’S HEURISTIC STRATEGY ON STUDENTS MATHEMATICAL LITERACY ABILITY

Mathematics is a field of study taught in elementary schools, considered by some students to be difficult to understand. This is because the way of implementing learning is required to be limited to definitions, understanding how to solve problems and operate mathematics correctly. So it is necessary to implement efficient and interesting learning for students, so that students understand the concept of mathematics learning, especially mathematical literacy, through a problem-based learning model with a polya heuristic strategy. This research aims to determine the application of the polya heuristic strategy to students' mathematical literacy problem solving abilities. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experiment research method and the research subjects are elementary school students with a population of 80 students. The sampling technique was carried out using cluster random sampling of 50 students, with a two group pretest-posttest design in the form of a control class by providing conventional method classes. and experiments by applying heuristic strategies and analyzed using statistical tests, namely Validity, Reliability, Differentiating Power and Question Difficulty Levels. Based on the results of research on statistical tests for normality tests, the data was not normally distributed (Þ = <0.001), therefore, the Wilcoxon test was carried out in the next stage. Based on the test results, significant differences were obtained between the pretest and posttest results. The average pretest result for the control class was 49.6 and the experimental class 47. Then after being given treatment, the average posttest score for the control class became 54.8 (conventional method) while the experimental class became 67.6 (polya heuristic strategy). Judging from the posttest scores, both classes showed an increase in learning outcomes, but a large increase was seen in the experimental class where the polya heuristic strategy was applied. This research is useful in making a contribution to mathematics learning, especially in improving the quality of the cognitive aspects of mathematics literacy using the Polya Heuristic strategy. The polya heuristic strategy has an impact on increasing students' mathematical literacy, therefore this strategy can be implemented in mathematics learning at various levels of education.
EXAMINATION OF MENTAL TOUGHNESS IN SPORTS

Mental toughness has been defined as a natural or developed psychological power that enables athletes to cope better with their mental needs than their competitors in conditions such as training and competition environments. Mental toughness has been a concept that sports researchers, trainers, athletes and sports managers have emphasized lately and it has begun to be seen as an important prerequisite for continuous sportive success. In this context, the aim of this study is to explain the concept of mental toughness and to discuss its importance in sports by examining current publications. In the study, which was prepared in the style of a systematic review, what kind of effect mental endurance has in the field of sports in recent years, the factors it affects and current studies are examined. “Mental toughness”, “Mental Toughness” and “Sport Mental Toughness” are keywords used when conducting research. According to the findings in the articles, there are studies that say that the level of mental toughness is higher in men and there are also studies that say that gender does not make a significant difference for mental toughness. When examined in terms of educational status, it was stated that the level of mental resilience increased as the education level increased. It was observed that there were no significant differences in the gender variable. Considering the age variable, the mental endurance of the athletes also increases with the increase in age. Considering the researches as experience, it is seen that experienced athletes have higher mental endurance levels than inexperienced athletes. Considering the researches as sports branches, there are also studies stating that the mental endurance levels of team athletes are higher than individual athletes. As a result, it can be said that the level of mental training plays an active role in success and continuing sports. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 24 (7) September, 2023; 1-5
An Accelerator-Based Wireless Sensor Network Processor in 130 nm CMOS

We have implemented a system architecture for wireless sensor network nodes in 130nm CMOS. It operates at 550 mV and 12.5 MHz. Our system uses 100x less power when idle than a traditional microcontroller, and 10-600x less energy when active. It achieves energy efﬁciency by using a small event processor, heterogeneous hardware accelerators, and application-controlled VDD gating.
MIT Open Access Articles Local electronic structure of rutile RuO2

Recently, rutile RuO 2 has raised interest for its itinerant antiferromagnetism, crystal Hall effect, and strain-induced superconductivity. Understanding and manipulating these properties demands resolving the electronic structure and the relative roles of the rutile crystal ﬁeld and 4 d spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Here, we use O-K and Ru M 3 x-ray absorption and Ru M 3 resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to disentangle the contributions of crystal ﬁeld, SOC, and electronic correlations in RuO 2 . The locally orthorhombic site symmetry of the Ru ions introduces signiﬁcant crystal ﬁeld contributions beyond the approximate octahedral coordination yielding a crystal ﬁeld energy scale of (cid:2) ( t 2 g ) ≈ 1eV breaking the degeneracy of the t 2 g orbitals. This splitting exceeds the Ru SOC ( ≈ 160 meV) suggesting a more subtle role of SOC, primarily through the modiﬁcation of itinerant (rather than local) 4 d electronic states, ultimately highlighting the importance of the local symmetry in RuO 2 . Remarkably, our analysis can be extended to other members of the rutile family, thus advancing the comprehension of the interplay among crystal ﬁeld symmetry, electron correlations, and SOC in transition metal compounds with the rutile structure.
INVERSÃO DO VETOR DE MAGNETIZAÇÃO, COM E SEM O USO DE VÍNCULO GEOLÓGICO, NAS REGIÕES DE ARAXÁ E TAPIRA, MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL

Inversion of geophysical data has recently been incorporated into the suite of processes that are applied to geophysical data, due to the evolution of the hardware and cloud computing. Although the ambiguity of inversion applies to all geophysical data, each data type has its own challenges. For magnetic data, the biggest challenge is associated with remanence. The Magnetization Vector Inversion (MVI) solves this problem by inverting for the Magnetization Vector instead of regular susceptibility. To demonstrate this statement, we have inverted two very well-known anomalies in Minas Gerais, Brazil, the Araxá and the Tapira, which are Alkaline-Carbonatite Complexes. For the Araxá anomaly, both results matched the published information on size, depth and shape of the bodies. For Tapira, the susceptibility inversion was not able to recover the shape and depth of the body, while the MVI matched the published information. The MVI Tapira result were further refined with the introduction of a geological constraint, based on published information leading to a more focused final model as shown below.
A practical method of global sensitivity analysis under constraints

A novel practical method to conduct a Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) for computer models is proposed in this article. It is based on Partial Least Squares polynomial regression metamodeling, used in conjunction with a D-optimal computer experiment design. This practical method is particularly well adapted to the following four situations: (i) when the cost of a single computer simulation run is very high (long computing time), limiting computation to just hundreds of simulation runs, whereas the usual GSA methods (typically, those based on Latin Hypercube Samplings or Sobol sequences) require thousands or tens of thousands of simulation runs; (ii) when the inputs are not independent because some of them are stochastically linked (correlated) or deterministically (functionally) linked; (iii) when some inputs are of a qualitative (categorical) nature; and (iv) when the outputs are multivariate. This practical method, proposed in a deterministic simulation framework, is useful for moderately nonlinear computer models. It makes it possible to define and compute novel sensitivity indices, referred to here under the general term of SIVIP, not to be confused with Sobol indices defined for independent inputs. We have called our new method the SIVIP method. It is applied here to the aeronautics field, in particular, for the estimation of detection performances of infrared sensors and, more precisely, for the computation of aircraft InfraRed Signatures (IRS).
Why sharing is synergy The role of decentralized control mechanisms and centralized HR capabilities in creating HR shared service value

Purpose – HR shared service centers (SSCs) have been claimed to innovate human resource management service delivery by centralizing resources and decentralizing control and, in doing so, create value for other business units. In response, to explain the value of HR shared services for the business units served, the purpose of this paper is to test hypotheses on the joint influence of HR SSC operational and dynamic capabilities and of control mechanism usage by the business units. Design/methodology/approach – A survey methodology was applied to collect data among business unit representatives from 91 business units in 19 Dutch organizations. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS. Findings – This study found that the use of formal control mechanisms (e.g. contracts, service-level agreements) relates negatively with HR shared service value, but that this relationship becomes positive once mediated by informal control mechanisms (e.g. trust and shared language) and operational HR capabilities. Furthermore, it shows that the dynamic capabilities of HR SSCs relate positively to HR shared service value for the business units, but only because of their effect on operational capabilities. Originality/value – Whereas previous studies into HR SSCs have examined the two antecedents independently, this study shows how organizational control and capabilities interrelate in explaining the value of HR shared services.
Antiproliferative potential of bioactive molecule from Murraya koenigii L. Spreng against breast cancer: In vitro and in vivo studies and gene expression analyses

The curry leaf extract is known to have anticancer property against breast cancer. Identification of the specific compound therein the curry leaf and its validation is essential for successful discovery of drugs. In that content, here, we extracted oleoresin from the mature curry leaves was subjected to antioxidant fractionation using column chromatography. Fraction obtained using 60:40 hexane and ethyl acetate solvent system, showing the maximum inhibition of DPPH, was sub-fractionated and those with the highest antioxidant property was analyzed in LC-MS/MS. Spectrum of molecules identified, along with FDA approved drugs, were docked with target proteins for breast cancer. In vitro screening of candidate phytocompounds doxylamine, histidinol and pheniramine, in their commercially available form, through Trypan blue exclusion assay against murine cancer cell lines EAC and DLA had shown that they have no cytotoxicity. Pheniramine maleate salt (PMS), doxylamine succinate salt (DSS) and L-histidinol dihydrochloride (LHD) have shown dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 cells, with 280 μ g/mL PMS at 72 h of incubation giving the maximum of 98.46%. Acute toxicity studies in Swiss albino mice (100 mg PMS/kg body wt.) have confirmed that the drug has no toxicity. Mouse mammary pad tumour model has shown that PMS significantly reduces the WBC count in the tumour induced mice. Liver function tests, histopathological analyses of liver, mammary pad and kidney tissues and expression analysis of oncogenes ER-α 1 , Bcl-2 , c-Myc and Pin1 have confirmed the drug candidature of PMS.
Contribution of ion reflection to the energy budgets of dipolarization fronts

Dipolarization fronts, earthward propagating structures in the Earth's magnetotail characterized by sharp enhancements of the northward magnetic field, are important sites of energy conversion from electromagnetic to particle energy. The large energy conversion rate observed at these fronts suggests significant particle acceleration and heating, which powers the ambient current sheet to generate plasma flows in the magnetotail plasma sheet and its boundary layer. Using a simple model of ion reflection at the dipolarization front, we estimate ion energy enhancement in the ambient plasma sheet and find it to be comparable with typical electromagnetic energy converted at the front. Validated by dipolarization front statistics from THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) observations, this result suggests the important contribution of ion reflection to the energy budgets of dipolarization fronts during their earthward propagation.
MIT Open Access Articles Diagonal quantum discord

Quantum discord measures quantum correlation by comparing the quantum mutual information with the maximal amount of mutual information accessible to a quantum measurement. This paper analyzes the properties of diagonal discord, a simplified version of discord that compares quantum mutual information with the mutual information revealed by a measurement that correspond to the eigenstates of the local density matrices. In contrast to the optimized discord, diagonal discord is easily computable; it also finds connections to thermodynamics and resource theory. Here we further show that, for the generic case of non-degenerate local density matrices, diagonal discord exhibits desirable properties as a preferable discord measure. We employ the theory of resource destroying maps (Liu Z-W et al 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 060502) to prove that diagonal discord is monotonically nonincreasing under the operation of local discord nongenerating qudit channels, d > 2, and provide numerical evidence that such monotonicity holds for qubit channels as well. We also show that it is continuous, and derive a Fannes-like continuity bound. Our results hold for a variety of simple discord measures generalized from diagonal discord.
Evaluating the Eﬀects of Rivastigmine on Decision-Making in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment by Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB); A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Decision-makingisacomplexprocess,andmoststudiesshowedthatpatientswithmildcognitiveimpairment(MCI) make worse decisions than healthy people. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the eﬀect of rivastigmine on the decision-making of MCI patients using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) tests. Methods: ThestudywasconductedattheRoozbehHospitalneurologyclinic,and30patientswithmildcognitiveimpairmentover 40 years old were randomly recruited to receive rivastigmine or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. The initial dose of rivastigmine or placebo was 1.5 mg twice daily and was increased to 3 mg twice daily per patient compliance. A CANTAB test was conducted before and following the intervention. Results: The mean age of patients in the rivastigmine group was 58.93 ± 10.88, and in the placebo group was 59.33 ± 10.34. The median MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) was 26 (IQR = 25 - 26) in both groups. Patients in the rivastigmine group showed signiﬁcant diﬀerences in all subgroup tests of CGT, IST, and SST except in risk adjustment in the CGT test, discrimination in the IST test,andmediancorrectRTonthegotrialandSSRTintheSSTtest. Themostcommonlyreportedadverseeﬀectsweregastrointestinal complications. Conclusions: Accordingtotheresults,rivastigminesigniﬁcantlyimprovedtheprimarydecision-makingoutcomesincomparison with placebo.
Choice of methodology and surrogate prey are decisive for the quality of protistan bacterivory rate estimates

: Microeukaryote predation on bacteria is a fundamental phenomenon to understand energy and nutrient dynamics at the base of the aquatic food web. To date, the most prevalent way to estimate grazing rates is by using epifluorescence microscopy to enumerate ingestion events of fluorescently labelled tracers (FLTs) after short-term incubation experiments. However, this approach can be sensitive to the type of FLT, requires skillful preparation of the samples and is limited to small sample sizes. We tested the susceptibility of rate estimates to the choice of prey and made a side-by-side comparison between microscopy and flow cytometry when recording ingestion by a bacterivorous flagellate. Short-term uptake experiments were established using 5 types of FLTs differing in quality (living, dead or inert) and size (large or small), with Ochromonas triangulata as a model flagellate. The experiments showed that (1) each of the different prey types yielded different clearing rates, ranging from 0.5 to 3.6 nl cell −1 h −1 , with the largest differences (3-fold or higher) between small prey (lower rates) and large prey (higher rates); (2) the cytometry estimate differed significantly from the microscopy estimate in 3 out of 4 experimental configurations; and (3) the precision of the cytometric analysis was greater, with >3-fold higher uncertainty associated with microscopy counting. Our results validate that flow cytometry provides a more precise bacterivory estimate, and that the choice of FLT influences the grazing rate estimate to a high extent regardless of the analytical method used.
Zones of Chemical and Physical Interaction at Interfaces Between Microbial Communities and Minerals: A Model

Four zones of biogeochemical weathering of silicate mineral assemblages colonized by lithobiontic communities (lichens) are proposed based on electron microscopic studies. Zone 1 (photosynthetic), represented by the upper thallus of lichens, is devoid of mineral transformations. In the lower thallus, communities of microorganisms physically disaggregate minerals to a depth of ∼10 mm. This physical disruption delineates Zone 2 (direct biochemilithic), defined by the intimate association of all mineral surfaces with microorganisms and their extracellular products. Complex mixtures of organic polymers, nontopotactic Ca, K, Fe clay minerals with a 1‐nm basal spacing, and nanocrystalline aluminous Fe oxyhydroxides coat corroded mineral surfaces extensively. Mineral weathering reactions in Zone 3 (indirect biochemilithic) show clear evidence of biological impact, yet surfaces are not coated with organic polymers. This zone occurs below the direct biochemilithic zone and also within mineral fragments in the dire.
Stratigraphy and paleoenvironment of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene sediments in the Ishikari Plain, Hokkaido, Japan

石狩平野の深度50 mのSSC-1，同44 mのH16B-7，同40 mのH16B-3，同18 mのMHR-1および同28. 5 mのYUB-1の5掘削井の後期更新世～完新世地質試料について14C年代測定，珪藻分析，火山灰分析を行い，層序や古環境を検討した．珪藻分析ではH16B-7とH16B-3で「大量な海水の流入」が認められ，完新世の中期にバリア（砂州）を海水が乗り越えたためと推定した．海生種の最大割合を示す層準は約6,000年前の縄文海進高頂期と考えられ，この時期には紅葉山砂丘より東に大きさ東西30 km，南北20 km程度の汽水湖が形成されたと推定される．火山灰分析ではSSC-1の深度42. 38～42.25 mに約11. 3万年前降灰のToyaが確認され，最終間氷期の堆積面が石狩平野下に埋積していることが示唆された．
Estimating the Homeless Population in Los Angeles: An Application of Cost-Sensitive Stochastic Gradient Boosting

In many metropolitan areas, eorts are being made to count the homeless to ensure a proper provision of social services. Some areas are very large, which makes spatial sampling a viable alternative to an enumeration of the entire terrain. Consequently, counts are manually observed in sampled regions, but they must be imputed in unvisited areas. Along with the imputation process, the costs of underestimating and overestimating may be weighted distinctly depending on one’s perspective and what is at stake. Here, we analyze data from the 20042005 Los Angeles County homeless study using a variant of stochastic gradient boosting that allows for asymmetric costs. Specically, we demonstrate how to boost the quantile distribution, which exhibits a straightforward translation to error estimation costs. Imputed counts and model diagnostics using various cost functions are reported. Practical usage of cost-sensitive imputed estimates are discussed briey.
SEGMENTATION AND TERMINATION OF LOW-ANGLE NORMAL FAULT DOMAINS: INSIGHT FROM HIGLEY BASIN AND VICINITY, CENTRAL ARIZONA

Higley Basin, located near the western margin of the Basin and Range Province in central Arizona, is a deep (>3,000 m), Miocene half-graben characterized by displacement along both highand low-angle normal faults; displacement along these faults has created accommodation space for thick volcanic sequences followed by more recent fluvial, alluvial, and colluvial deposits. Higley Basin occupies a unique location near a transition in the vergence of major detachment fault systems largely responsible for the exhumation of a belt of metamorphic core complexes in the region. To the west and north, major detachment faults generally dip to the northeast, while to the south and east of the basin, major detachment faults generally dip to the southwest. Kinematic arguments require these detachment surfaces to terminate in a zone between the two fault domains (zone of accommodation), trending roughly parallel to regional extension. Interpretation of geophysical datasets from central Arizona indicate that oppositely vergent, low-angle faults partly terminate as branching, overlapping fault systems within Higley Basin and the immediate vicinity. Features other than those within the basin must also partly accommodate the opposing vergence of the two dominant detachment systems. Thus, the zone of accommodation is inferred to extend either to the northeast buried beneath later volcanic rocks of the Superstition Mountains or to the southwest beneath young surficial deposits. Multiple major fault systems are observed or inferred to decrease in throw and tip out within or near Higley Basin. As slip along an individual structure is reduced, the formation of local, large-offset detachment surfaces is prevented. This could preclude sufficient tectonic unloading to promote isostatic response of the lower plate in the detachment system and may preclude the development of core complexes near the terminations of detachment domains. Also, the lack of major isostatic response may prevent progressive back rotation of major fault systems near their terminus, and thus the faults remain at steeper dips and produce a deeper