Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic dark energy: dynamics of the background and perturbations

We investigate cosmologies where the accelerated expansion of the universe is driven by a field with an anisotropic equation of state. We model such scenarios within the Bianchi I framework, introducing two skewness parameters to quantify the deviation of pressure from isotropy. We study the dynamics of the background expansion in these models. A special case of an anisotropic cosmological constant is analyzed in detail. The anisotropic expansion is then confronted with the redshift and angular distribution of the type Ia supernovae. In addition, we investigate the effects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies for which the main signature appears to be a quadrupole contribution. We find that the two skewness parameters can be very well constrained. Tightest bounds are imposed by the CMB quadrupole, but there are anisotropic models which avoid these bounds completely. Within these bounds, the anisotropy can be beneficial as a potential explanation for various anomalous cosmological observations, especially in the CMB at the largest angles. We also consider the dynamics of linear perturbations in these models. The covariant approach is used to derive the general evolution equations for cosmological perturbations, taking into account imperfect sources in an anisotropic background. The implications for galaxy formation are then studied. These results might help to make contact between the observed anomalies in CMB and large-scale structure and fundamental theories exhibiting Lorentz violation.
Location Privacy-An Overview

Location-based services (LBS) are mobile services which evaluate knowledge about a user's location. In most cases this is done to provide the user with personalized information, e.g. to list point of interests in his nearer surrounding. But users have concerns when their whereabouts are tracked and their location information is disclosedto external service providers. So it is no wonder that a lot of publications deal with the specific privacy issues of LBS usage. The aim of this article is to give an overview about the most relevant works in this field: we first discuss different attack scenarios where location information is misused. Afterwards we present a classification of technical approaches to prevent such misuse of location information. We also summarize some results from pertinent empirical studies.
Hybrid genetic approach for 1-D bin packing problem

This paper deals with the one-dimensional Bin Packing Problem (1-D BPP). Exact solution methods can only be used for very small instances, hence for real-world problems we have to focus on heuristic methods. In recent years, researchers have started to apply evolutionary approaches to this problem, including Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Programming. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA) to solve 1-D BPP. We compare our approach with algorithms given by Scholl et al., Alvim et al. and Kok-Hua et al. Then we discuss the performance of the approach. We show that giving at least the same performance on term of quality solution, our HGA approach outperforms these algorithms on term of computational time. This performance is due to new mechanisms of hybridisation of genetic algorithms and local search.
Hybrid map-building and localization for unstructured and moderately dynamic environments

In this paper, a hybrid map-building and localization approach suiting unstructured and moderately dynamic environments is proposed. The map-building phase reduces the domain of extracted local point features through an information-theoretic analysis, which simultaneously selects distinctive features only. Reduced features are compressed into a dictionary yielding data for fast robot localization on a topological level. The uncompressed features, additionally tagged with their metric position, are used together to resolve the robot's position on a second metric level. The complexity of geometric localization is reduced because of the hierarchical processing based on a previously identified topological location. The dynamics of the environment are detected through the spatial layout of features and are isolated at the metric level. The proposed map-building and localization approach enables fast hybrid localization without degenerating the accuracy of localization.
Structural Properties of Polynomial and Rational Matrices, a survey

A review of the structural properties of polynomial and rational matrices is presented. After the analysis of the finite spectrum of a polynomial matrix A(�), via the Smith canonical form, we analyze the infinity as an eigenvalue, but also as a pole or zero (via the Smith McMillan canonical form) when considering A(�) in the set of rational matrices. Then we focus on the structures generated by the columns of A(�). Here we review two different approaches: when considering linear combinations over the rational functions, and when linear combinations are supposed to be over polynomials only. The objective is to compare and contrast the results of these two lines of thought, as well as to underline the fundamental differences between matrix polynomials in one or several variables. Structure preserving transformations and equivalence relations over polynomial matrices are also reviewed. With this objective in mind, we also give some insights on the eigenvalue structure of multivariable matrix polynomials. Mathematics Subject Classification: 47-02, 47A56, 13P10, 13P25
SIDD: A Semantically Integrated Database towards a Global View of Human Disease

Background A number of databases have been developed to collect disease-related molecular, phenotypic and environmental features (DR-MPEs), such as genes, non-coding RNAs, genetic variations, drugs, phenotypes and environmental factors. However, each of current databases focused on only one or two DR-MPEs. There is an urgent demand to develop an integrated database, which can establish semantic associations among disease-related databases and link them to provide a global view of human disease at the biological level. This database, once developed, will facilitate researchers to query various DR-MPEs through disease, and investigate disease mechanisms from different types of data. Methodology To establish an integrated disease-associated database, disease vocabularies used in different databases are mapped to Disease Ontology (DO) through semantic match. 4,284 and 4,186 disease terms from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) respectively are mapped to DO. Then, the relationships between DR-MPEs and diseases are extracted and merged from different source databases for reducing the data redundancy. Conclusions A semantically integrated disease-associated database (SIDD) is developed, which integrates 18 disease-associated databases, for researchers to browse multiple types of DR-MPEs in a view. A web interface allows easy navigation for querying information through browsing a disease ontology tree or searching a disease term. Furthermore, a network visualization tool using Cytoscape Web plugin has been implemented in SIDD. It enhances the SIDD usage when viewing the relationships between diseases and DR-MPEs. The current version of SIDD (Jul 2013) documents 4,465,131 entries relating to 139,365 DR-MPEs, and to 3,824 human diseases. The database can be freely accessed from: http://mlg.hit. edu.cn/SIDD.
An empirical study on the robustness of a fragile watermark for relational databases

Databases most often contain critical information. Unauthorized changes to databases can have serious consequences and may result in significant losses for the organization. This paper presents a viable solution for protecting the integrity of the data stored in relational databases using fragile watermarking. Prior techniques introduce distortions to the watermarked values and thus cannot be applied to all attributes. Our technique protects relational tables by reordering tuples relative to each other according to a secrete value (watermark). This paper introduces empirical study on the effect of data distribution and other data measures like the mean and standard deviation on the attack detection rates. A study on the cost, in terms of the execution time, of the proposed watermark insertion and data verification algorithms is also presented.
A new approach to bias correction in RNA-Seq

Motivation: Quantification of sequence abundance in RNA-Seq experiments is often conflated by protocol-specific sequence bias. The exact sources of the bias are unknown, but may be influenced by polymerase chain reaction amplification, or differing primer affinities and mixtures, for example. The result is decreased accuracy in many applications, such as de novo gene annotation and transcript quantification. Results: We present a new method to measure and correct for these influences using a simple graphical model. Our model does not rely on existing gene annotations, and model selection is performed automatically making it applicable with few assumptions. We evaluate our method on several datasets, and by multiple criteria, demonstrating that it effectively decreases bias and increases uniformity. Additionally, we provide theoretical and empirical results showing that the method is unlikely to have any effect on unbiased data, suggesting it can be applied with little risk of spurious adjustment. Availability: The method is implemented in the seqbias R/Bioconductor package, available freely under the LGPL license from http://bioconductor.org Contact: dcjones@cs.washington. edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Network Misuse Detection Mechanism Based on Traffic Log

Setting up a large number of network connections and using up a lot of bandwidth are usually regarded as a network misuse behavior. It is significance for the network supervision to find and recognize these behaviors timely and correctly. This paper proposes a network misuse detection mechanism based on traffic log, combining the payload independent traffic classification technology. Through this mechanism, we can complete the selection of behavior features, and overcome the problems for both sample insufficiency and adaptability by using collaborative learning method. The experiment result shows that the method can separate 99% of the normal types from the misuse types, and the recognition rate of various misuse types can reach 80% or so, even be above 90% for some misuse types, which meets the application demand.
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU AND ITS SURROUNDINGS FROM RECEIVER FUNCTION STUDIES

The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and largest plateau in the world, generated by the collision of India and Eurasia. Details of this continent-continent collision and the uplift mechanism of the plateau are still hotly debated. In this study, I collected a large amount of seismic waveform data recorded by more than 300 stations in Tibet and its northern neighbor Tien Shan. I processed the data using teleseismic receiver function techniques to image crustal structures beneath the Himalayas, the southern Tibet plateau, and Tien Shan. The results of receiver function studies show gentle northward dipping Moho beneath the Himalayas and increase of the dip of subduction near the Yarlung-Zangbo Suture, the boundary between the India plate and Tibet. This suggests that the Indian continental lithosphere is subducting underneath Tibet and the front of the Indian slab in the uppermost mantle is near the Yarlung-Zangbo Suture. I also found that the crustal Vp/Vs ratios (Ratios between seismic P wave velocity and S wave velocity) are consistently low in the Himalayas and are mixed with high and low Vp/Vs ratios in the Tibetan Plateau. This suggests that only limited and localized partial melting exists in the mid and lower crust in the southern and central Tibetan Plateau. I determined crustal structures in and around the the Yadong-Gulu rift, the largest north-south-trending rift in southern Tibet, using receiver function techniques and joint-inversion technique with surface wave dispersion data. The results show a narrow zone beneath the rift where the crustal structure is different from outside the rift. This indicates that the east-west extension deformation of the Tibetan Plateau is localized in several narrow vertical zones through the entire crust. The Tien Shan in central Asia is the largest and most active intra-continental orogen in the world. This mountain range is located nearly 2000 km north of the
1 Supporting Information : Alternative paths of some of the maximally-favourable reactions

of some of the maximally-favourable reactions Table I: While any of the maximally-favourable reactions is deleted, the cell finds alternative known plant specific metabolic pathways by which it can produce the biomass. However, when the input photon is kept fixed at the value (∼0.32 light flux unit) required in WT plant cell, the total amount of biomass produced in the MT f p decreases. Reaction Deleted Comment Alternative reactions Comment ATP/NADPH in light reactions % biomass production possible with WT photon (MT f p) UDPKIN-RXN In Tobacco, after heat shock, reaction catalysed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase is inhibited [1].
THE INVENTORY-TRANSPORT MODEL WITH SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS BY INDIFFERENCE CURVES

For a total cost model the typical inventory model can be easily extended to include relevant transport factors with a sensitivity analysis. The analysis provides the shipper with a cost structure and indicates the basis for negotiating with carriers. An awareness by the carrier that the shipper analyzes the inventory-transport decision should make carrier management more sensitive to the impact of pricing and service strategies.
Industrial Clusters as Source of Prospering Regions? Economic Structure and Regional Performance 2002-2007

This paper explores the impact of industrial clusters on regional growth at level of German labour market regions within a regional convergence model. It focuses on vertically connected industrial sectors, which can emerge parallel to horizontal interconnections. Based on works of Schnabl (2000) it is possible to identify three different effects of industrial clusters on regional economic performance. Beside the effects of regionally concentrated economic sectors (horizontal clusters) and value-added production chains (vertical clusters) on the region itself, the paper segregates regional spillover effects of industrial clusters. Furthermore, the study allows the isolated examination of the impact of industrial clusters while taking regional convergence into consideration. In addition to the all-German process of convergence and the specific East German process, positive growth effects of industrial clusters are detected. Therefore industrial clusters present an opportunity to explain deficits within the process of East-West convergence. The relative absence of industrial clusters in East Germany influences the growth potential in a negative way.
Joint Recreation Choices and Implied Values of Time

A model of joint recreation quantity choices is developed. Individuals choose both total time spent at distant sites and the number of trips taken, implicitly choosing average on-site time. The model permits nonzero marginal utility of travel, makes on-site time endogenous, and is linear in the constraints. The scarcity value of time is analyzed without assuming the marginal utility of work time is zero. A partially testable assumption about relative marginal values of travel and on-site time yields nonparametric calculations of the scarcity value of time and marginal values of trips and days on-site from people's observed optimal quantity choices.
Dependency Parsing for Traditional Mongolian

Dependency parsing has become increasingly popular in natural language processing in recent years. Nevertheless, dependency parsing focused on Tradition Mongolian has not attracted much attention. We investigate it with Maximum Spanning Tree (MST) based model on Traditional Mongolian dependency tree bank (TMDT). This paper briefly introduces Traditional Mongolian along with TMDT, and discusses the details of MST. Much emphasis is placed on the performance comparisons among eight kinds of features and their combinations in order to find a suitable feature representation. Evaluation result shows that the combination of Basic Unigram Features, Basic Bi-gram Features and C-C Sibling Features obtains the best performance. Our work establishes a baseline for dependency parsing of Traditional Mongolian.
Integrating Gyroscopes into Ubiquitous Tracking Environments

It is widely recognized that inertial sensors, in particular gyroscopes, can improve the latency and accuracy of orientation tracking by fusing the inertial measurements with data from other sensors. In our previous work, we introduced the concepts of spatial relationship graphs and spatial relationship patterns to formally model multi-sensor tracking setups and derive valid applications of well-known algorithms in order to infer new spatial relationships for tracking and calibration. In this work, we extend our approach by providing additional spatial relationship patterns that transform incremental rotations and add gyroscope alignment and fusion. The usefulness of the resulting tracking configurations is evaluated in two different scenarios with both inside-out and outside-in tracking.
Kalman Filter SoC estimation for Li-Ion batteries

State-of-Charge (SoC) estimation is a key factor for correct and safe battery management, particularly for the development of the Battery Management System (BMS) [1]. The paper deals with this problem for the currently most promising technology in the battery filed: Lithium-Ion batteries. An electric model of the cell is identified and verified, in order to apply Kalman Filter Theory and design an algorithm for estimating SoC. Particularly the aim of the algorithm is to reject measurement noise and parametric uncertainties and be applicable to different cells of the same manufacturer and technology. In this purpose, design criterions that speed up the convergence time or make the estimation robust to noise measurements are presented. Results on two different cells of the same manufacturer and typology are shown, focusing on the different behaviors of the estimation due to different design choices.
Open innovation modes and the role of internal R&D

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how and how much open innovation is used across Europe. The goal of this study is therefore to provide comprehensive empirical evidence for the adoption of inbound and outbound open innovation activities in Europe.Design/methodology/approach – Data from 180 European companies were used to test three hypotheses on open innovation adoption and the role of internal R&D. Data were collected in 2009 and the sample comprises companies from different industries and 24 European countries.Findings – It is found that 30.3 per cent of European companies are very open to innovation and 38.7 per cent are semi‐open. The results show that inbound open innovation is more commonly used than outbound open innovation, which can be explained by insufficiencies of the market or the organization. Finally, it is found that the type of innovation strategy (vertically integrated, inbound, outbound, or mixed) is related to the R&D intensity.Originality/value – This paper provid.
Temperature dependence of secondary organic aerosol yield from the ozonolysis of β-pinene

Abstract. The temperature dependence of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from ozonolysis of β-pinene was studied in a flow reactor at 263–303 K and 1007 hPa. The observed SOA yields were of similar magnitude as predicted by a two-product model based on detailed gas phase chemistry (Jenkin, 2004), reaching maximum values of 0.22–0.39 at high particle mass concentrations. However, the measurement data exhibited significant deviations (up to 50%) from the predicted linear dependence on inverse temperature. When fitting the measurement data with a two-product model, we found that both the partitioning coefficients (Kom,i) and the stoichiometric yields (αi) of the low-volatile and semi-volatile species vary with temperature. The results indicate that not only the reaction product vapour pressures but also the relative contributions of different gas-phase or multiphase reaction channels are dependent on temperature. We suggest that the modelling of secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere needs to take into account the effects of temperature on the pathways and kinetics of the involved chemical reactions as well as on the gas-particle partitioning of the reaction products.
Impact of influenza exposure on rates of hospital admissions and physician visits because of respiratory illness among pregnant women

Background: Excess deaths have occurred among pregnant women during influenza pandemics, but the impact of influenza during nonpandemic years is unclear. We evaluated the impact of exposure during nonpandemic influenza seasons on the rates of hospital admissions and physician visits because of respiratory illness among pregnant women. Methods: We conducted a 13-year (1990–2002) population-based cohort study involving pregnant women in Nova Scotia. We compared rates of hospital admissions and physician office visits because of respiratory illness during the influenza season in each trimester of pregnancy with rates during the influenza season in the year before pregnancy and with rates in non-influenza seasons. Poisson regression analyses were performed to estimate rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of 134 188 pregnant women in the study cohort, 510 (0.4%) were admitted to hospital because of a respiratory illness during pregnancy and 33 775 (25.2%) visited their physician for the same reason during pregnancy. During the influenza seasons, the rate ratio of hospital admissions in the third trimester compared with admissions in the year before pregnancy was 7.9 (95% CI 5.0–12.5) among women with comorbidities and 5.1 (95% CI 3.6–7.3) among those without comorbidities. The rate of hospital admissions in the third trimester among women without comorbidities was 7.4 per 10 000 woman-months during the influenza season, compared with 5.4 and 3.1 per 10 000 woman-months during the peri-and non-influenza seasons respectively. Corresponding rates among women with comorbidities were 44.9, 9.3 and 18.9 per 10 000 woman-months. Only 6.7% of women with comorbidities had received influenza immunization. Interpretation: Our data support the recommendation that pregnant women with comorbidities should receive influenza vaccination regardless of their stage of pregnancy during the influenza season. Since hospital admissions because of respiratory illness during the influenza season were also increased among pregnant women without comorbidities, all pregnant women are likely to benefit from influenza vaccination.