Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NLINV-Net: Self-Supervised End-2-End Learning for Reconstructing Undersampled Radial Cardiac Real-Time Data

In this work, we propose NLINV-Net, a neural network architecture for jointly estimating the image and coil sensitivity maps of radial cardiac real-time data. NLINV-Net is inspired by NLINV and solves the non-linear formulation of the SENSE inverse problem by unrolling the iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method, which is improved by adding neural network based regularization terms. NLINV-Net is trained in a self-supervised fashion, which is crucial for cardiac real-time data which lack any ground truth reference. NLINV-Net significantly reduces noise and streaking artifacts compared to reconstructions using plain NLINV.
Design of Low Voltage 1st Order 3-Bit Quantizer SR ΔΣ Modulator Using SR Op-Amp

This paper presents a low power (LP) switched resistor (SR) ΔΣ modulator based on 3-bit dynamic quantizer. The proposed design offers lower noise compared to switched capacitor (SC) techniques due to reduction of the number of switches and capacitors. The modulator is designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The total power consumption is 17.4 mW , and signal to noise ratio (SNR)= 65.8 dB, using, over sampling ratio (OSR) = 64 and 3 V power supply.
Privacy as a fuzzy concept: A new conceptualization of privacy for practitioners

In recent years, technological innovation has re‐ignited an interest in privacy as designers, policy makers, and users each strive to reconcile the advantages of technology with the new demands they pose for privacy. Driven by a classic approach to defining concepts, scholars have not been able to agree on a unified definition of privacy. This poses a barrier to those who seek to implement privacy through their decisions. A critical component of their work involves anticipating and responding to potential privacy risks. In choosing one definition over another, practitioners might be missing nuanced contextual overlaps that bear on privacy and thus bias their subsequent decisions. For these practical endeavors, it is important to adopt an inclusive and rich definition. Such a definition should also be responsive to how those affected by decisions that might compromise privacy, namely citizens and technology users, conceive of privacy. The present paper applies a prototype perspective on privacy that acknowledges the fuzziness of concepts and goes on to develop such a definition in a series of empirical studies. The relevance of the privacy prototype is then explored as it applies to privacy theorists, practitioners, and methodologists, suggesting new avenues for future research.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Insight into a Logical Relation Insight into a Logical Relation

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Two experiments are reported which aimed to investigate factors affecting the gain of insight into the logical relation of implication. In the first experiment, subjects had to make a series of inferences about either a conditional sentence or a quantified sentence, both of which had the same underlying logical form. Under one condition the sentences had to be proved true, and under another condition, false. Proving a sentence false facilitated gain of insight, but the linguistic form of the sentence exerted no significant effect on the main dependent variable. In the second experiment, implication was not expressed as a sentence but was inherent in the structure of the task. The experimental material differed in complexity and allowed the cognitive load imposed on the subject to be varied. Results suggested that insight was not all-or-none. It was spontaneously gained when the material was simple, but temporarily lost when it was complex. Introduction Previous experiments (Wason, 1968) have shown that in an abstract task people reason inadequately about conditional sentences. For example, imagine this experiment. The subject is given the sentence, " if there is a D on one side of a card, then there is a 3 on the other side, " together with four cards which show
Environmental Lead Exposure and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Domains in a Community Sample of South Korean School-Age Children

Background Low-level environmental exposure to lead has been associated with both reduced intelligence and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have estimated the association of lead and intelligence independent of ADHD, and it is not clear from previous studies whether lead is associated with both inattention and impulsivity ADHD symptoms. Objectives We estimated mutually adjusted associations of environmental lead exposure with both intelligence and ADHD symptoms, and associations between lead and specific ADHD-related domains. Methods Blood lead concentrations were measured in a general population of 1,001 children 8–11 years of age. We used multivariable linear regression models to estimate associations of blood lead concentrations with IQ scores, teacher and parent ratings of ADHD symptoms, and measures of inattention and impulsivity. Models were adjusted for demographic variables and other environmental exposures (blood levels of mercury and manganese, urinary concentrations of cotinine, phthalate metabolites, and bisphenol A). Results Associations of blood lead with lower IQ and higher impulsivity were robust to adjustment for a variety of covariates. When adjusted for demographic characteristics, other environmental exposures, and ADHD symptoms or IQ, a 10-fold increase in blood lead concentration was associated with lower Full-Scale IQ (–7.23; 95% CI: –13.39, –1.07) and higher parent- and teacher-rated hyperactivity/impulsivity scores (ADHD Rating Scale, 1.99; 95% CI: 0.17, 3.81 and 3.66; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.13, respectively) and commission errors (Continuous Performance Test, 12.27; 95% CI: –0.08, 24.62). Blood lead was not significantly associated with inattention in adjusted models. Conclusions Low-level lead exposure was adversely associated with intelligence in school-age children independent of ADHD, and environmental lead exposure was selectively associated with impulsivity among the clinical features of ADHD. Citation Hong SB, Im MH, Kim JW, Park EJ, Shin MS, Kim BN, Yoo HJ, Cho IH, Bhang SY, Hong YC, Cho SC. 2015. Environmental lead exposure and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom domains in a community sample of South Korean school-age children. Environ Health Perspect 123:271–276; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1307420
Perceptions of Caring in the Pediatric Medically Complex Population

PERCEPTIONS OF CARING IN THE PEDIATRIC MEDICALLY COMPLEX POPULATION In a hospital system that transitioned from a non-caring science model to a professional practice model based on the Theory of Human Caring/Caring Science, it is important to measure the outcomes of the care delivery transition. In a non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational, quantitative study the aim was to compare a pre/postCaring Science model implementation at a pediatric and obstetric medical center, by assessing perceptions of caring in the medically complex pediatric population and in the nurses that care for them. This study used a convenience sample of 102 pediatric families enrolled in a complex care program, and 23 nurses providing care to these families. The Caring Nurse Patient Interaction Scale-23 and the Watson Caritas Self-Rating Score, valid and reliable scales, were used to measure perceptions of caring. The results for the patient/family outcomes for the CNPI and the WCRS were statistically significant (CNPI: t(42) = 3.053, p < 0.004 and the WCRS: t(42)= -6.438, p<0.001) between the control and intervention groups. For the nurses pre post survey no statistical significance was found (CNPI: t(19) = -1.374, p < 0.186; WCRS: t(19) = 1.824, p < 0.085). The family’s perception of the nurses caring behavior did change between the control group and the intervention group. For the nurse participants perceptions of caring did not change with the intervention. The impact of caring science on the pediatric population needs to be understood to improve perceptions of caring in the pediatric
Forced-rate aerobic cycling enhances motor recovery in persons with chronic stroke: A randomized clinical trial

Background: The potential for intensive aerobic exercise to enhance neuroplasticity post-stroke has been theorized but not systematically investigated. Our aim was to determine the effects of forced-rate aerobic exercise paired with an abbreviated session of upper extremity (UE) repetitive task practice (FE+RTP) compared to time-matched UE repetitive task practice (RTP only) on the recovery of motor function in individuals with chronic stroke. Methods: A single center randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 2019 to December 2022. Sixty individuals [≥]6 months following single stroke with residual UE hemiparesis aged 18-85 were recruited. Participants were randomized 1:1 to one of two time-matched groups: FE+RTP (N=30) or RTP only (N=30). Both groups completed 90-minute sessions, 3x/week for 8 weeks. The FE+RTP group underwent 45-minutes of forced-rate aerobic exercise (FE) followed by 45-min of UE RTP. The RTP only group completed 2 sequential 45-minute sessions of UE RTP. The primary UE outcomes were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). The Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT) assessed walking capacity. Results: Sixty individuals 60.5 ({+/-}10.6) years of age and 26.0 [13.0, 69.0] months post-stroke were enrolled, and 56 completed the study. The RTP only group completed more RTP in terms of repetitions (411.8{+/-}44.4 versus 222.8{+/-}28.4, P<0.001) and time (72.7{+/-}6.7 versus 37.8{+/-}2.4 minutes, P<0.001) compared to FE+RTP. Both groups improved on the FMA (FE+RTP, 36.2{+/-}10.1 to 44.0{+/-}11.8 and RTP only, 34.4{+/-}11.0 to 41.2{+/-}13.4, P<0.001) and ARAT (FE+RTP, 32.5{+/-}16.6 to 37.7{+/-}17.9 and RTP only, 32.8{+/-}18.6 to 36.4{+/-}18.5, P<0.001). A group main effect was not observed. The FE+RTP group demonstrated greater improvements on the 6MWT (274.9{+/-}122.0 to 327.1{+/-}141.2 meters) compared to the RTP only group (285.5{+/-}160.3 to 316.9{+/-}170.0, P=0.004). Conclusions While both interventions elicited comparable improvements in UE motor recovery, the summative value of FE+RTP in improving UE and lower extremity function was demonstrated. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03819764
Allocation Policies Matter for Hybrid Memory Systems

Existing tiered memory systems all use DRAM-Preferred as their allocation policy, whereby pages get allocated from higher-performing DRAM until it is filled, after which all future allocations are made from lower-performing persistent memory (PM). The novel insight of this work is that the right page allocation policy for a workload can help to lower the access latencies for the newly allocated pages. We design, implement, and evaluate three page allocation policies within the real system deployment of the state-of-the-art dynamic tiering system. We observe that the right page allocation policy can improve the performance of a tiered memory system by as much as 17x for certain workloads.
Hemispheric asymmetries in auditory cortex reflect discriminative responses to temporal details or summary statistics of stationary sounds

The processing of stationary sounds relies on both local features and compact representations. As local information is compressed into summary statistics, abstract representations emerge. Whether the brain is endowed with distinct neural architectures overseeing such computations is unknown. In this magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we employed a validated protocol to localize cortical correlates of local and summary representations, exposing participants to triplets of synthetic sound textures systematically varying for either local details or summary statistics. Sounds also varied for their sound duration, specifically short (40ms) or long (478ms). Results revealed clear distinct activation patterns for local features and summary statistics changes. Such activations diverged in magnitude, spatiotemporal distribution, and hemispheric lateralization. For short sounds, a change in local features, compared to summary statistics, predominantly activated the right hemisphere. Conversely, for long sounds, a change in summary statistics elicited higher activation than a change in local features in both hemispheres. Specifically, while the right auditory cortex was responding more to changes in local features or summary statistics depending on sound duration (short or long, respectively), the left frontal lobe was selectively engaged in processing a change in summary statistics at a long sound duration. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the computation of local and summary acoustic information and highlight the involvement of distinct cortical pathways and hemispheric lateralization in auditory processing at different temporal resolutions. Significant Statement We revealed hemispheric specializations for auditory computations at high (local) and low (summary statistics) temporal resolutions. The right hemisphere was engaged for both computations, while the left hemisphere responded more to summary statistics changes. These findings highlight the multifaceted functions of the right hemisphere in capturing acoustic properties of stationary sounds and the left hemisphere’s involvement in processing abstract representations.
Evidence-Based Practice Competencies among Nutrition Professionals and Students: A Systematic Review

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) promotes shared decision-making between clinicians and patients and has been widely adopted by various health professions including nutrition & dietetics, medicine and nursing. Objective: To determine EBP competencies among nutrition professionals and students reported in the literature. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, CENTRAL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, BIOSIS Citation Index, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to March 2023. Eligibility criteria for study selection: Eligible primary studies had to objectively or subjectively document the assessment of at least one of six predefined core EBP competencies, including formulating structured clinical questions, searching the literature for best evidence, and assessing studies for methodological quality, magnitude (size) of effects, certainty of evidence for effects, and determining the clinical applicability of study results based on patient values and preferences. Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data, including the reporting quality for eligible studies. Results were not amenable to meta-analysis and were thus summarized for each EBP competency. Results: We identified 12 eligible cross-sectional survey studies, comprised of 1065 participants, primarily registered dietitians, across six countries, with the majority assessed in the United States (n=470). The reporting quality of the survey studies was poor overall, with 43% of items not reported and 22% of items partially reported. Only one study (8%) explicitly used an objective questionnaire to assess EBP competencies. The proportion of studies reporting on each competency were: 17% on the formulation of clinical questions, 83% on searching the literature, 75% on methodological quality or critical appraisal, 58% on interpreting statistical results, and 75% on applying study results. In general, the six competencies were incompletely defined or reported (e.g., it was unclear what applicability and critical appraisal referred to, and what study designs were appraised by the participants). Two core competencies, the magnitude (size) of effects and the certainty of evidence for effects, were not assessed. Conclusions: Among 12 included articles the overall quality of study reports was poor, and when EBP competencies were reported they were predominantly self-perceived assessments as opposed to objective assessments. No studies reported on competencies in assessing magnitude of effect or certainty of evidence, skills that are essential for optimizing clinical nutrition decision-making. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022311916.
Efficient Algorithm Design of Optimizing SpMV on GPU

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is a fundamental building block for various numerical computing applications. However, most existing GPU-SpMV approaches may suffer from either long preprocessing overhead, load imbalance, format conversion, bad memory access patterns. In this paper, we proposed two new SpMV algorithms:flat andline-enhance, as well as their implementations, for GPU systems to overcome the above shortcomings. Our algorithms work directly on the CSR sparse matrix format. To achieve high performance: 1) for load balance, theflat algorithm uses non-zero splitting andline-enhance uses a mix of row and non-zero splitting; 2) memory access patterns are designed for both algorithms for data loading, storing and reduction steps; and 3) an adaptive approach is proposed to select appropriate algorithm and parameters based on matrix characteristics. We evaluate our methods using theSuiteSparse Matrix Collection on AMD and NVIDIA GPU platforms. Average performance improvements of 424%, 741%, 49%, 46%, 72% are achieved when comparing our adaptive approach with CSR-Vector, CSR-Adaptive, HOLA, cuSparse and merge-based SpMV, respectively. In bandwidth tests, our approach can also achieve a high memory bandwidth, which is very close to the peak memory bandwidth.
Clinical Score Estimation for Determining Oro-Facial Dysfunction Severity

Stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis manifest symptoms that affect facial motion in patients. Tracking these movements and assessing the severity of the impairment can be achieved with facial alignment technology and classification algorithms. Using the Toronto NeuroFace Dataset consisting of patients and healthy individuals performing clinical examination tasks, this study focuses on score estimation of clinical examinations to determine oro-facial dysfunction severity. Facial landmarks extracted using the 2D FAN were used to determine features under range of motion, speed of motion, and symmetry. Speech language pathologist scores from the dataset were transformed using ordinal encoding, then oversampled using random oversampling. The features and transformed scores were fed into random forest classifier models to predict a score using a scale of 1 to 4 for each feature category. The results show that the proposed method is able to estimate oro-facial dysfunction severity and classify between healthy individuals and patients. The average performance of the model setups are comparable to that of the baseline in terms of accuracy (<5% difference), accuracy±1 (<2% difference), binary accuracy (<3% difference), and specificity (<7% difference).
ArreSTick Motif is Responsible for GPCR-β-Arrestin Binding Stability and Extends Phosphorylation-Dependent β-arrestin Interactions to Non-Receptor Proteins

The binding and function of β-arrestins are regulated by specific phosphorylation motifs present in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the exact arrangement of phosphorylated amino acids responsible for establishing a stable interaction remains unclear. To investigate this pattern, we employed a 1D sequence convolution model trained on a dataset of GPCRs that have established β-arrestin binding properties. This approach allowed us to identify the amino acid pattern required for GPCRs to form stable interactions with β-arrestins. This motif was named “arreSTick. ” Our data show that the model predicts the strength of the coupling between GPCRs and β-arrestins with high accuracy, as well as the specific location of the interaction within the receptor sequence. Furthermore, we show that the arreSTick pattern is not limited to GPCRs, and is also present in numerous non-receptor proteins. Using a proximity biotinylation assay and mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrate that the arreSTick motif controls the interaction between numerous non-receptor proteins and β-arrestins. For example, the HIV-1 Tat Specific Factor 1 (HTSF1 or HTATSF1), a nuclear transcription factor, contains the arreSTick pattern, and our data show that its subcellular localization is influenced by its coupling to β-arrestin2. Our findings unveil a broader regulatory role for β-arrestins in phosphorylation-dependent interactions, extending beyond GPCRs to encompass non-receptor proteins as well.
Mycoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-contaminated oil-based drill-cuttings

Spent white-rot fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus) substrate has been used to biotreat Nigerian oil-based drill cuttings containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under laboratory conditions. The Latin square (LS) experimental design was adopted in which four options of different treatment levels were tested in 10 L plastic reactors containing fixed masses of the drill cuttings and fresh top-soil inoculated with varying masses of the spent P. ostreatus substrate. Each option was replicated three times and watered every 3 days under ambient conditions for a period of 56 days. Microcosm analysis with a series II model 5890 AGILENT Hp GC-FID showed that, the PAHs in the drill cuttings were mainly composed of 2 to 5 fused rings with molecular-mass ranging from 128 to 278 g/mol, while the total initial PAHs concentration of the drill cuttings was 806.31 mg/kg. After 56 days of composting, the total amount of residual PAHs in the drill cuttings decreased to between 19.75 and 7.62%, while the overall degradation of PAHs increased to between 80.25 and 92.38% with increasing substrate addition. Individual PAH degradation ranged from 97.98% in acenaphthene to 100% in fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene. Statistical analysis, using the 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), showed that there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the biodegradation of the PAHs due to the substrate levels applied and remediation period, as well as a nonsignificant (p < 0.05) interaction between substrate levels applied and remediation period. These results showed that spent white-rot fungi (P. ostreatus) substrate may be suitable for biotreating PAH-contaminated Nigerian oil-based drill cuttings.