Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Involuntary Memories and Dissociative Amnesia

Autobiographical memories of trauma victims often are described as disturbed in two ways. First, the trauma frequently is reexperienced in the form of involuntary, intrusive recollections. Second, the trauma is difficult to recall voluntarily (strategically); important parts may be totally or partially inaccessible—a feature known as dissociative amnesia. These characteristics often are mentioned by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) researchers and are included as PTSD symptoms in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR as well as DSM-5). In contrast, we have shown that both involuntary recall and voluntary recall are enhanced by emotional stress during encoding. We also have shown that the PTSD symptom in the diagnosis addressing dissociative amnesia—trouble remembering important aspects of the trauma—is less well correlated with the remaining PTSD symptoms than the conceptual reversal of having trouble forgetting important aspects of the trauma. Our findings contradict key assumptions that have shaped PTSD research during the past 40 years.
Formation of the genetic code

Formation of the genetic code was investigated by integration of data on amino acid composition of protein functional sites and on development of amino acid biosynthesis pathways, with the novel proposition that encodings were directed by proteins synthesized by dimers of tRNAs paired through anticodons. Elimination of anticodonic 5’A facilitated the encoding process. The succession of encodings begins with Glycine and Serine, indicating that early metabolism was centered on assimilation of one-carbon units. Early amino acids (GS,LDN,EPKFR) compose peptides predominantly stabilizing the aminotermini of proteins against degradation, and building RNA-binding motifs with mostly non-periodic conformations. Compartmentalization of amino acids in modules of tRNA dimers results in minimization of the consequences of errors along the coding/decoding processes. Termination anticodons were deleted due to their interference with the initiation mechanism. The system of tRNA dimers is integrated through development of associations between the synthetases.
Chromosome-wide mechanisms to decouple gene expression from gene dose during sex-chromosome evolution

Changes in chromosome number impair fitness by disrupting the balance of gene expression. Here we analyze mechanisms to compensate for changes in gene dose that accompanied the evolution of sex chromosomes from autosomes. Using single-copy transgenes integrated throughout the Caenorhabditis elegans genome, we show that expression of all X-linked transgenes is balanced between XX hermaphrodites and XO males. However, proximity of a dosage compensation complex (DCC) binding site (rex site) is neither necessary to repress X-linked transgenes nor sufficient to repress transgenes on autosomes. Thus, X is broadly permissive for dosage compensation, and the DCC acts via a chromosome-wide mechanism to balance transcription between sexes. In contrast, no analogous X-chromosome-wide mechanism balances transcription between X and autosomes: expression of compensated hermaphrodite X-linked transgenes is half that of autosomal transgenes. Furthermore, our results argue against an X-chromosome dosage compensation model contingent upon rex-directed positioning of X relative to the nuclear periphery. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.17365. 001
Time, Change & Self Organization

Do things change in time, or does time change things? We explore the consequences of a theory that time—given a physical interpretation independent of space—drives system change globally, identical to the way in which information drives subsystem change, locally. We conjecture that Gregory Chaitin’s characterization of maximum numerical unknowability in computation maps to maximum configuration efficiency in a complex physical system.
Software Rejuvenation Model for Cloud Computing Platform

Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most needed technologies that houses software systems and relevant functional entities resulting in complex, multiuser, multitasking and virtualized environments. However, reliability of such high performance computing systems depends both on hardware and software. Virtualization is the technology that many cloud service providers rely on for efficient management and coordination of the resource pool. The software systems, during operation accumulate errors or garbage leading to software aging which may lead to system failure and associated consequences. Software aging needs to be dealt with specialized techniques to facilitate continuous service delivery. To deal with software aging, a technique called software rejuvenation exists that reboots or re-initiates the software to avoid fault or failure. As cloud service run on virtual environments, impacts of aging in virtual environments needs to be addressed. The VMs run on a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) also called as hypervisor which is liable to suffer failures or hangs due to software aging. This paper explores how the aging of Virtual Machine monitors can be addressed. Once the aging patterns of VMM are detected, the Virtual Machines running on it are migrated to healthy VMM; aged VMM is rejuvenated and VMs are migrated back. After rejuvenation, the hypervisor supports the operation of VMs in an improved state.
Therapeutic Strategies After Examination by Transesophageal Echocardiography in 503 Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard in detecting high-risk (ie, aortic thrombi) and potential sources (ie, patent foramen ovale [PFO]) of cerebral embolism. We sought to evaluate the additional information and therapeutic impact provided by TEE in stroke patients and to characterize patients in whom TEE is indispensable. Methods— We included 503 consecutive patients (mean age 62.2 years) with acute brain ischemia. Each patient received TEE and the following routine diagnostics: ultrasound of brain supplying arteries, ECG or Holter-ECG, transthoracic echocardiography, and brain imaging (computed tomography or MRI). Stroke etiology was classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. High-risk sources in TEE were: aortic thrombi or plaques ≥4 mm, thrombi in left atrial cavity/left atrial appendage, spontaneous echo contrast, and left atrial flow velocity <30 cm/s. Potential sources in TEE were PFO, atrial septal aneurysm, and aortic plaques <4 mm. Results— Stroke etiology was determined by routine diagnostics in 276 of 503 patients (54.9%). Of the remaining 227 patients (undetermined etiology), 212 (93.4%) were candidates for oral anticoagulation (OA). TEE revealed a high-risk source, with indication for OA in 17 of them (8.0%). A potential source leading to OA was found in an additional 48 patients (22.6%). The remaining 147 patients (69.3%) were treated by platelet inhibitors or statins. Conclusions— TEE strongly influenced secondary prevention and led to OA in one third of our patients with stroke of undetermined etiology. TEE is indispensable in all patients being candidates for OA when routine diagnostics cannot clarify stroke etiology.
Better learning of neural networks using functional graph for analysis of wireless network

Neural networks have been used as an effective method for solving many problems in a wide range of application areas. As neural networks are being more and more widely used in recent years, the need for their more formal definition becomes increasingly apparent. This paper presents a novel architecture of neural network models using the functional graph. The network creates a graph representation by dynamically allocating nodes to code local form attributes and establishing arcs to link them. In this paper application of functional graph in the architecture of electronic neural network, opto-electronic neural network and genetic neural network are detailed with experimental results. Learning is defined in terms of functional graph. The proposed architectures are applied in evaluating 3G wireless network performance.
Can robots recognize common Marine gestures?

This paper provides a different method for humanrobot interaction and further encourages communication between human users and their robotic counterparts. The focus of our work is to develop a human-robot communication system that is not easily detectable and increases stealth when necessary. The human-robot interaction system we propose involves hand signals. Hand gestures are a common modality of communication humans use with each other. Likewise, hand commands are used by the Marine Corps to convey information to each other without speaking. We analyze common Marine gestures so that similar commands can be used to direct a robot out in the field. In this paper, we have selected important hand or body gestures used by the Marine Corps. We then identify distinguishable features for the different gestures. This includes position of joint variables as well as velocity and acceleration terms. Once ideal models of the gestures are designed, experimental data is gathered. Presently, we are comparing two different machine learning methods that can be used to identify a specific gesture. The two methods we are comparing are Bayesian networks and neural networks. This paper provides the background and structure of our experiments. Then, both models are discussed and experimental results are included. Finally, we make a comparison of the effectiveness of the two methods of interest.
Towards an online detection of pedestrian flocks in urban canyons by smoothed spatio-temporal clustering of GPS trajectories

Detecting pedestrians moving together through public spaces can provide relevant information for many location-based social applications. In this work we present an online method to detect such pedestrian flocks by spatio-temporal clustering of location trajectories. Compared to prior work, our method provides increased robustness against the influence of noisy and missing GPS data often encountered in urban environments. To assess the performance of the method, we record GPS trajectories from ten subjects walking through a city. The data set contains various flock formations and corresponding ground truth information is available. With this data set, we can evaluate the accuracy of our method to detect flocks. Results show that we can detect flocks and their members with an accuracy of 91.3%. We evaluate the influence of noisy and missing location data on the detection accuracy and show that the introduced filtering heuristics provides increased detection accuracy in such realistic situations.
Desflurane increases heart rate independent of sympathetic activity in dogs

Background and objective: Desflurane has been shown to increase sympathetic activity and heart rate (HR) in a concentration-dependent manner. Nevertheless, desflurane, like all other volatile anaesthetics, increased HR in parallel to vagal inhibition in a previous study. Therefore, our hypothesis is that desflurane elicits tachycardia by vagal inhibition rather than by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Methods: Six dogs were studied awake and during desflurane anaesthesia (1 and 2 MAC) alone, after pretreatment with propranolol (2 mg kg−1 followed by 1 mg kg−1 h−1), or after pretreatment with atropine (0.1 mg kg−1 followed by 0.05 mg kg−1 h−1). The effects on HR and HR variability were compared by an analysis of variance (P < 0.05). HR variability was analysed in the frequency domain as power in the high-(0.15-0.5 Hz, vagal activity) and low-frequency range (0.04-0.15 Hz, sympathetic and vagal activity). Results: HR increased during 2 MAC of desflurane from about 60 (awake) to 118 ± 2 beats min−1 (mean ± SEM) in controls and to 106 ± 3 beats min−1 in dogs pre-treated with propranolol. In contrast, pretreatment with atropine increased HR from 64 ± 2 to 147 ± 5 beats min−1 (awake) and HR decreased to 120 ± 5 beats min−1 after adding desflurane. High-frequency power correlated inversely with HR (r2 = 0.95/0.93) during desflurane alone and in the presence of β-adrenoceptor blockade, with no significant difference between regression lines. There was no correlation between these variables during atropine/desflurane. Conclusions: The increase in HR elicited by desflurane mainly results from vagal inhibition and not from sympathetic activation.
Robust Iterative Transceiver Beamforming for Multipair Two-Way Distributed Relay Networks

In this paper, the transceiver beamforming problem is studied for multipair two-way distributed relay networks, particularly with multi-antenna user nodes and in the presence of channel state errors. With multi-antenna setting on the user nodes, some of the usual signal processing tasks are shifted from the relay nodes to the user nodes with the proposed transceiver beamforming designs. The transmit beamforming vectors, distributed relay coefficients, and the receive beamforming vectors are obtained by iteratively solving three sub-problems, each having a closed-form solution. The tasks of maximizing desired signal power, and reducing inter-pair interference and noise are thus allocated to different iteration steps. By this arrangement, the transmit and receive beamformers of each user are responsible for improving its own performance and the distributed relay nodes with simple amplify-and-forward protocol aim at creating a comfortable communication environment for all user pairs. With respect to the channel uncertainty, two relay strategies are proposed considering two different requirements from the communication network: sum relay output power and individual relay output power. Our simulation demonstrates that the performance improvement can be very significant through cooperation of the three components, especially when the number of relay nodes is large.
On the duality of additivity and tensorization

A function is said to be additive if, similar to mutual information, expands by a factor of n, when evaluated on n i.i. d. repetitions of a source or channel. On the other hand, a function is said to satisfy the tensorization property if it remains unchanged when evaluated on i.i. d. repetitions. Additive rate regions are of fundamental importance in network information theory, serving as capacity regions or upper bounds thereof. Tensorizing measures of correlation have also found applications in distributed source and channel coding problems as well as the distribution simulation problem. Prior to our work only two measures of correlation, namely the hypercontractivity ribbon and maximal correlation (and their derivatives), were known to have the tensorization property. In this paper, we provide a general framework to obtain a region with the tensorization property from any additive rate region. We observe that hypercontractivity ribbon indeed comes from the dual of the rate region of the Gray-Wyner source coding problem, and generalize it to the multipartite case. Then we define other measures of correlation with similar properties from other source coding problems.
Réseaux possibilistes pour un modèle de recherche d'information

This paper proposes a model for Information Retrieval (IR) b ased on possibilistic directed networks. Relations documents-terms and query-ter ms a e modeled through possibility and necessity measures rather than a probability measure. T he relevance value for the document given the query is measured by two degrees: the necessi ty and the possibility. More precisely, the user’s query triggers a propagation process to retrieve necessarily or at least possibly relevant documents. The possibility degree is con venient to filter documents out from the response (retrieved documents) and the necessity degre e is useful for document relevance confirmation. Separating these notions may account for the i mprecision pervading the retrieval process. Experiments carried out on a sub-collection of CLE F, namely LeMonde1994, a French newspapers collection, showed the effectiveness of the mod l. MOTS-CLÉS :Modèle de recherche d’information, Réseaux Possibilistes , P rtinence,Théorie des possibilités
THE ATTITUDINAL EFFECTS OF PROSODY , AND HOW THEY RELATE TO EMOTION

The aim of this paper is to contribute to a theoretical framework for the study of affective intonation. I draw a distinction between 'attitude' and 'emotion', suggesting that only the latter is likely to be reflected directly in the speech signal, while 'attitude' is reflected indirectly, and can only be explained by a process of linguistic analysis. The term 'attitude', as applied to intonation and prosody, is a problematic one. It has been used differently in different fields, such as social psychology and linguistics, and is not made any clearer by the proliferation of 'attitudinal' labels in the intonation literature. I suggest that while there are clearly prosodic signals in speech which contribute to the impression of 'attitude', this perceived meaning should be treated as a pragmatic implicature or a pragmatic inference. This means that it can only be explained by taking into account contextual features, such as speaker-hearer relationship, and the text itself. The same intonational feature can be attitudinally neutral, or signal positive and negative attitudes depending on a complex interaction between prosody, text and context.
Antitumor efficacy of adenocarcinoma cells engineered to produce interleukin 12 (IL-12) or other cytokines compared with exogenous IL-12.

BACKGROUND Numerous animal model studies have examined the ability of genetically engineered tumor cells to release cytokines and to elicit an immune memory against the parental tumor. Often only a single cytokine is studied, and few comparative studies have been conducted. PURPOSE We evaluated the antitumor efficacy of adenocarcinoma cells engineered to release interleukin (IL)-12 in a mouse model system. The efficacy of this cytokine was compared with that of other cytokines released by engineered adenocarcinoma cells and that of exogenous IL-12 administered both locally and intraperitoneally. METHODS BALB/cAnCr mice were inoculated with syngeneic parental mammary adenocarcinoma (TSA) cells in quantities sufficient to lead to tumors in all inoculated mice. TSA cells engineered to release IL-12 (TSA-IL12) were also injected into normal and selectively immunosuppressed BALB/cAnCr mice. Tumor incidence, growth, and rejection patterns were evaluated by the measurement of neoplastic masses and by the study of the histologic and ultrastructural features of the tumor site. The effects of local or intraperitoneal administration of recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) on tumor-bearing animals were also studied. RESULTS Most mice rejected TSA-IL12 cells through a CD8-positive, T-lymphocyte-dependent reaction associated with macrophage infiltration, vessel damage, and necrosis. The systemic immunity of mice that had rejected TSA-IL12 cells to a subsequent challenge with parental TSA cells was less efficient than that elicited by TSA cells engineered to release IL-4 or IL-10 but equivalent to that elicited by TSA cells engineered to release IL-2, IL-7, and interferon alfa. Compared with TSA cells engineered to produce other cytokines, TSA-IL12 cells were the most efficient in curing mice with established TSA tumors; injection of 0.1 million proliferating cells contralaterally to the tumor growth area cured five of 15 mice bearing 1-day-old tumors; injection of the same dose of proliferating cells into the tumor growth area cured two of 20 tumor-bearing mice. However, two 5-day courses with a nontoxic dose (0.1 microgram) of rIL-12 given intraperitoneally cured a similar proportion of these animals (six of 20). Only two of 20 mice with 7-day-old TSA tumors were cured by vaccination with proliferating TSA-IL12 cells, whereas 24 of 30 mice with such tumors were cured by intraperitoneal administration of rIL-12. CONCLUSIONS TSA cells engineered to release IL-12 are rejected by most mice; the ensuing immune memory for TSA parental cells, however, was less efficient than that elicited by proliferating TSA cells engineered to release other cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-10, and possibly interferon gamma). The immune reaction elicited by TSA-IL12 cells was the most efficient in curing mice with established TSA tumors; notably though, the same or a better cure rate was obtained with rIL-12 given intraperitoneally.
Towards robust query expansion: model selection in the language modeling framework

We propose a language-model-based approach for addressing the performance robustness problem -- with respect to free-parameters' values -- of pseudo-feedback-based query-expansion methods. Given a query, we create a set of language models representing different forms of its expansion by varying the parameters' values of some expansion method; then, we select a single model using criteria originally proposed for evaluating the performance of using the original query, or for deciding whether to employ expansion at all. Experimental results show that these criteria are highly effective in selecting relevance language models that are not only significantly more effective than poor performing ones, but that also yield performance that is almost indistinguishable from that of manually optimized relevance models.
Opinion Fluctuations and Disagreement in Social Networks

We study a tractable opinion dynamics model that generates long-run disagreements and persistent opinion fluctuations. Our model involves an inhomogeneous stochastic gossip process of continuous opinion dynamics in a society consisting of two types of agents: 1 regular agents who update their beliefs according to information that they receive from their social neighbors and 2 stubborn agents who never update their opinions and might represent leaders, political parties, or media sources attempting to influence the beliefs in the rest of the society. When the society contains stubborn agents with different opinions, the belief dynamics never lead to a consensus among the regular agents. Instead, beliefs in the society fail to converge almost surely, the belief profile keeps on fluctuating in an ergodic fashion, and it converges in law to a nondegenerate random vector. The structure of the graph describing the social network and the location of the stubborn agents within it shape the opinion dynamics. The expected belief vector is proved to evolve according to an ordinary differential equation coinciding with the Kolmogorov backward equation of a continuous-time Markov chain on the graph with absorbing states corresponding to the stubborn agents, and hence to converge to a harmonic vector, with every regular agent's value being the weighted average of its neighbors' values, and boundary conditions corresponding to the stubborn agents' beliefs. Expected cross products of the agents' beliefs allow for a similar characterization in terms of coupled Markov chains on the graph describing the social network. We prove that, in large-scale societies, which are highly fluid, meaning that the product of the mixing time of the Markov chain on the graph describing the social network and the relative size of the linkages to stubborn agents vanishes as the population size grows large, a condition of homogeneous influence emerges, whereby the stationary beliefs' marginal distributions of most of the regular agents have approximately equal first and second moments.