Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) Preference and Behavioral Response to Animated Images of Conspecifics Altered in Their Color, Aspect Ratio, and Swimming Depth

Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is an example of a freshwater fish species whose remarkable diffusion outside its native range has led to it being placed on the list of the world’s hundred worst invasive alien species (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Here, we investigate mosquitofish shoaling tendency using a dichotomous choice test in which computer-animated images of their conspecifics are altered in color, aspect ratio, and swimming level in the water column. Pairs of virtual stimuli are systematically presented to focal subjects to evaluate their attractiveness and the effect on fish behavior. Mosquitofish respond differentially to some of these stimuli showing preference for conspecifics with enhanced yellow pigmentation while exhibiting highly varying locomotory patterns. Our results suggest that computer-animated images can be used to understand the factors that regulate the social dynamics of shoals of Gambusia affinis. Such knowledge may inform the design of control plans and open new avenues in conservation and protection of endangered animal species.
Natural killer cell distribution and trafficking in human tissues

Few data are available regarding the recirculation of natural killer (NK) cells among human organs. Earlier studies have been often impaired by the use of markers then proved to be either not sufficiently specific for NK cells (e.g., CD57, CD56) or expressed only by subsets of NK cells (e.g., CD16). At the present, available data confirmed that human NK cells populate blood, lymphoid organs, lung, liver, uterus (during pregnancy), and gut. Several studies showed that NK cell homing appears to be subset-specific, as secondary lymphoid organs and probably several solid tissues are preferentially inhabited by CD56brightCD16neg/dull non-cytotoxic NK cells. Similar studies performed in the mouse model showed that lymph node and bone marrow are preferentially populated by CD11bdull NK cells while blood, spleen, and lung by CD27dull NK cells. Therefore, an important topic to be addressed in the human system is the contribution of factors that regulate NK cell tissue homing and egress, such as chemotactic receptors or homeostatic mechanisms. Here, we review the current knowledge on NK cell distribution in peripheral tissues and, based on recent acquisitions, we propose our view regarding the recirculation of NK cells in the human body.
Evaluation of a distribution center tow-line material handling system through simulation modeling

Random House, one of the world's largest and most distinguished publishing houses, embarked on a mission to improve its tow-line material handling system at its main distribution center located in Westminster, Maryland. A mechanical tow-line system, while a rugged low-tech but reliable solution, still comes with complicated management and control issues which require a simulation to evaluate and understand. A three person team designed, developed, and implemented a simulation model of a proposed modification to the existing transport system. The results were then analyzed and presented to company management. This paper discusses the processes and solutions of this simulation including how our team approach improved the model, how the model identified significant variables in the implementation and how the model results were used to help justify the capital expenditure.
Using the Domain Name System for System Break-ins

The DARPA Internet uses the Domain Name System (DNS), a distributed database, to map host names to network addresses, and vice-versa. Using a vulnerability first noticed by P.V. Mockapetris, we demonstrate how the DNS can be abused to subvert system security. We also show what tools are useful to the attacker. Possible defenses against this attack, including one implemented by Berkeley in response to our reports of this problem, are discussed, and the limitations on their applicability are demonstrated. This paper was written in 1990, and was withheld from publication by the author. The body of the paper is unchanged, even to the extreme of giving the size of the Internet as 200,000 hosts. An epilogue has been added that discusses why it was held back, and why it is now being released.
Normative power as hegemony

This article identifies four key problems in the debate about normative power Europe that may be fruitfully tackled when linking it to the concept of hegemony: the debate about whether EU foreign and external policy is driven by norms or interests; the problem of inconsistent behaviour as a result of competing and contested norms; the question of the role of state and non-state actors in EU foreign and external policy; and the problematic standing of normative power as an academic engagement, in particular in regard to whether the theory is of primarily explanatory, descriptive or normative value. The author suggests that the concept of hegemony may address these problems. First, it combines norms and interests, thus transcending the divide that has resulted in endless debates about the EU’s standing as a normative power. Second, hegemony does not start from a pre-given set of norms with fixed meanings, but rather puts the struggles about these norms at centre stage, thus seeing inconsistencies not as undermining but as part and parcel of normative power. Third, hegemony expands our understanding of the actors involved in the construction and exercise of normative power, thus bringing not only Member States but also social forces in a much broader sense into the picture. Finally, hegemony reorientates the debate about normative power so as to reinstate the critical purpose that the concept was supposed to have from the start.
Insulin-Stimulated Cardiac Glucose Oxidation Is Increased in High-Fat Diet–Induced Obese Mice Lacking Malonyl CoA Decarboxylase

OBJECTIVE Whereas an impaired ability to oxidize fatty acids is thought to contribute to intracellular lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and cardiac dysfunction, high rates of fatty acid oxidation could also impair glucose metabolism and function. We therefore determined the effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient for malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD−/−; an enzyme promoting mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) on insulin-sensitive cardiac glucose oxidation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS WT and MCD−/− mice were fed a low- or high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and intramyocardial lipid metabolite accumulation was assessed. A parallel feeding study was performed to assess myocardial function and energy metabolism (nanomoles per gram of dry weight per minute) in isolated working hearts (+/– insulin). RESULTS DIO markedly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation compared with low fat–fed WT mice (167 ± 31 vs. 734 ± 125; P < 0.05). MCD−/− mice subjected to DIO displayed a more robust insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation (554 ± 82 vs. 167 ± 31; P < 0.05) and less incomplete fatty acid oxidation, evidenced by a decrease in long-chain acylcarnitines compared with WT counterparts. MCD−/− mice had long-chain acyl CoAs similar to those of WT mice subjected to DIO but had increased triacylglycerol levels (10.92 ± 3.72 vs. 3.29 ± 0.62 μmol/g wet wt; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DIO does not impair cardiac fatty acid oxidation or function, and there exists disassociation between myocardial lipid accumulation and insulin sensitivity. Our results suggest that MCD deficiency is not detrimental to the heart in obesity.
High prevalence of celiac sprue-like HLA-DQ genes and enteropathy in patients with the microscopic colitis syndrome

OBJECTIVE:Celiac sprue is associated with specific HLA-DQ genes (mainly DQ2). Because there are epidemiological and histopathological similarities between celiac sprue and microscopic colitis, we hypothesized that these syndrome may share an HLA genetic predisposition and pathogenesis.METHODS:The HLA-DQ genes of 25 patients with celiac sprue, 53 patients with the microscopic colitis syndrome, and 429 normal controls were typed and compared. Serum was analyzed for antigliadin and antiendomysial antibodies. Small intestinal biopsies were analyzed for signs of histopathology.RESULTS:HLA-DQ2 or DQ1,3 (the latter as DQ1,7, DQ1,8, or DQ1,9) were seen more frequently in both patient groups relative to controls. In patients with the microscopic colitis syndrome, serological tests for celiac sprue were weakly positive in 17%; mild inflammation of the small intestine without villous atrophy was present in 43%, and inflammation plus partial or subtotal villous atrophy was present in 27%. CONCLUSIONS:A shared set of predisposing HLA-DQ genes account for the epidemiological overlap of celiac sprue and microscopic colitis. Mild to moderate mononuclear cell inflammation of the small intestine, often accompanied by partial or subtotal villous atrophy, is frequent in patients with the microscopic colitis syndrome. Although further studies will be necessary to determine if this enteropathy is induced by dietary gluten, we speculate that the small intestinal but not colonic histopathology in patients with microscopic colitis is caused by immunological gluten sensitivity.
Enkla svar på svåra frågor

Smith, G.J.W. Simplistic approaches to complex psychic phenomena. Nordisk Psykologi, 57, 203–208. Psychology's subject-matter is, admittedly, complicated and difficult to handle. Over the years psychologists have tried various approaches to make their endeavours more plain and manageable. One attempt at simplification is to deny the subjective side of psychic reality and exclusively focus behavioral facts. Another way is reduction of psychic events to somatic counterparts. And a third alternative implies concentration on surface manifestations to the detriment of in-depth penetration. The article attempts to show that the depth-to-surface contradictions represented in all of these simplifictions can most easily be subsumed under a process approach to the study of psychology where the subjective starting-point of process represents depth and its outcome, the objective surface.
Patriotyzm genetyczny, półka kulturowa and Palikotyzacja X-a – blends as catchwords in Polish political discourse

Catchwords and catchphrases denoting crucial ideological concepts or disqualifying an opponent serve as indices pointing to the line of demarcation between political camps. Using the example of three catchwords (Patriotyzm genetyczny genetic patriotism, pka kulturowa cultural shelf, Palikotyzacja X-a Palikotization of X) emerging in the aggravated political debate in Poland between 2000 and 2009, and mainly signaling affiliation with the national conservative PiS-party, a twofold approach combining methods from discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics is proposed. On the one hand, the lexical items are analyzed as keywords in statu nascendi which are disputed, quoted or ridiculed and serve as intertextual hinges which still have the potential to evoke the communicative situation in which they have been created. On the other hand, the selected newly created lexical items are analyzed as conceptual integration networks within the framework of blending theory. The blending analysis reveals the underlying logic of the novel conceptual structure and displays the explanative and argumentative pattern suggested by the blend and condensed in the catchword. By tracing the disputes elicited by these catchwords and analyzing sequences in which these newly created concepts are contested or maintained from a cognitive perspective, we can see how the logic suggested by the blend is either perpetuated or perverted in the process of the ongoing dissemination of the catchword.
Effects of serotonin, carbamylcholine, and ascorbic acid on leukocyte cyclic GMP and chemotaxis

Serotonin, ascorbic acid, and carbamylcholine enhanced the chemotactic responsiveness of human monocytes to endotoxin-treated serum. These agents caused significant accumulation of cyclic GMP in monocytes. PMN leukocyte chemotaxis was also enhanced by these agents although significant increases in cyclic GMP were not demonstrated.
Classification Based on Predictive Association Rules of Incomplete Data

Classification based on predictive association rules (CPAR) is a widely used associative classification method. Despite its efficiency, the analysis results obtained by CPAR will be influenced by missing values in the data sets, and thus it is not always possible to correctly analyze the classification results. In this letter, we improve CPAR to deal with the problem of missing data. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using various classification examples. key words: associative classification, CPAR, missing values
Contouring error vector and cross-coupled control of multi-axis servo system

The contouring error and cross-coupled gains calculation have always been the critical issues in the application of cross-coupled control. Traditionally, the linear approximation and circular approximation are widely used to determine the contouring error and cross-coupled gains. However, for linear approximation and circular approximation, the contouring error and cross-coupled gains are calculated sophisticatedly, especially in three-dimensional applications. In this paper, a contouring error vector is established under task coordinate frame, then the contouring error and cross-coupled gains can be easily obtained based on the magnitude and orientation of the contouring error vector. The experimental results on a three-axis CNC machine indicate the proposed approach simplifies the calculation of contouring error and cross-coupled gains.
Design of a Maximally Permissive Liveness- Enforcing Petri Net Supervisor for Flexible Manufacturing Systems

Deadlock prevention plays an important role in the modeling and control of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). This paper presents a novel and computationally efficient method to design optimal control places, and an iteration approach that only computes the reachability graph of a plant Petri net model once in order to obtain a maximally permissive liveness-enforcing supervisor for an FMS. By using a vector covering approach, a minimal covering set of legal markings and a minimal covered set of first-met bad markings (FBM) are computed. At each iteration, an FBM from the minimal covered set is selected. By solving an integer linear programming problem, a place invariant is designed to prevent the FBM from being reached and no marking in the minimal covering set of legal markings is forbidden. This process is carried out until no FBM can be reached. In order to make the considered problem computationally tractable, binary decision diagrams (BDD) are used to compute the sets of legal markings and FBM, and solve the vector covering problem to get a minimal covering set of legal markings and a minimal covered set of FBM. Finally, a number of FMS examples are presented to illustrate the proposed approaches.
Are Yao Graph and Theta Graph Void Free?

Greedy Forwarding algorithm is a widely-used routing algorithm for wireless networks. However, it can fail if network topologies (usually modeled by geometric graphs) contain voids. Since Yao Graph and Theta Graph are two types of geometric graphs exploited to construct wireless network topologies, this paper studies whether these two types of graphs can contain voids. Specifically, this paper shows that when the number of cones in a Yao Graph or Theta Graph is less than 6, Yao Graph and Theta Graph can have voids, but when the number of cones equals or exceeds 6, Yao Graph and Theta Graph are free of voids.
Social Network Analysis: A Survey

Social Network Analysis is attracting growing attention as social networking sites and their enabled applications transform and impact society. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of social network analysis state of the art research and practice. In the paper the authors' first examine social networking and the core concepts and ingredients of social network analysis. Secondly, they review the trend of social networking and related research. The authors' then consider modelling motivations, discussing models in line with tie formation approaches, where connections between nodes are taken into account. The authors' outline data collection approaches along with the common structural properties observed in related literature. They then discuss future directions and the emerging approaches in social network analysis research, notably semantic social networks and social interaction analysis.
GLP‐1 based therapies: differential effects on fasting and postprandial glucose

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), a gut‐derived hormone secreted in response to nutrients, has several glucose and weight regulating actions including enhancement of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying and reduction in food intake. Because of these multiple effects, the GLP‐1 receptor system has become an attractive target for type 2 diabetes therapies. However, GLP‐1 has significant limitations as a therapeutic due to its rapid degradation (plasma half‐life of 1–2 min) by dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4). Two main classes of GLP‐1‐mediated therapies are now in use: DPP‐4 inhibitors that reduce the degradation of GLP‐1 and DPP‐4‐resistant GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists. The GLP‐1R agonists can be further divided into short‐ and long‐acting formulations which have differential effects on their mechanisms of action, ultimately resulting in differential effects on their fasting and postprandial glucose lowering potential. This review summarizes the similarities and differences among DPP‐4 inhibitors, short‐acting GLP‐1R agonists and long‐acting GLP‐1R agonists. We propose that these different GLP‐1‐mediated therapies are all necessary tools for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and that the choice of which one to use should depend on the specific needs of the patient. This is analogous to the current use of modern insulins, as short‐, intermediate‐ and long‐acting versions are all used to optimize the 24‐h plasma glucose profile as needed. Given that GLP‐1‐mediated therapies have advantages over insulins in terms of hypoglycaemic risk and weight gain, optimized use of these compounds could represent a significant paradigm shift for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Cyber Threat Indications & Warning : Predict , Identify and Counter

Crime has typically converged with aspects of warfare. This symbiotic relationship further complicates the broad battle-space understanding for early warning vigilance or defensive and offensive maneuvers against nebulous networks and masked relationships of convenience or ideology. The asymmetric cyber domain platform as an adversary’s tool to combat a foe unconventionally in a criminal, harassing or potentially devastating non-kinetic manner is no exception. Whether Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) cyber-attacks against the U.S. are used to achieve a military or criminal objective, their encroachment upon political, economic, social, and military networks or infrastructure requires continued insights and operational capabilities in the field to mitigate risk, ensure resiliency, and secure our Nation. This Journal article has converged technology issues, intelligence doctrine, and operational approaches to support the cyber mission and treat hostile actors as any other adversary where threats must to be predicted, identified, and countered in an innovative and decisive manner.
Voluntary-Driven Elbow Orthosis with Speed-Controlled Tremor Suppression

Robotic technology is gradually becoming commonplace in the medical sector and in the service of patients. Medical conditions that have benefited from significant technological development include stroke, for which rehabilitation with robotic devices is administered, and surgery assisted by robots. Robotic devices have also been proposed for assistance of movement disorders. Pathological tremor, among the most common movement disorders, is one such example. In practice, the dissemination and availability of tremor suppression robotic systems has been limited. Devices in the marketplace tend to either be non-ambulatory or to target specific functions, such as eating and drinking. We have developed a one degree-of-freedom (DOF) elbow orthosis that could be worn by an individual with tremor. A speed-controlled, voluntary-driven suppression approach is implemented with the orthosis. Typically tremor suppression methods estimate the tremor component of the signal and produce a canceling counterpart signal. The suggested approach instead estimates the voluntary component of the motion. A controller then actuates the orthosis based on the voluntary signal, while simultaneously rejecting the tremorous motion. In this work, we tested the suppressive orthosis using a one DOF robotic system that simulates the human arm. The suggested suppression approach does not require a model of the human arm. Moreover, the human input along with the orthosis forearm gravitational forces, of non-linear nature, are considered as part of the disturbance to the suppression system. Therefore, the suppression system can be modeled linearly. Nevertheless, the orthosis forearm gravitational forces can be compensated by the suppression system. The electromechanical design of the orthosis is presented, and data from an essential tremor patient is used as the human input. Velocity tracking results demonstrate an RMS error of 0.31 rad/s, and a power spectral density shows a reduction of the tremor signal by 99.8%, while the intentional component power was reduced by <1%.
Methylation pattern of genomic RNA from Moloney murine leukemia virus

32P- and methyl-3H-labeled 70S Moloney murine leukemia virus RNA was purified from virions produced in Moloney murine leukemia virus-infected mouse embryo cells. Primer-free RNA subunits obtained by heat treatment and zonal centrifugation were digested with RNase T2, and methylated oligonucleotides were chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex in 7 M urea. Approximately one molecule of RNase T2-stable oligonucleotide (-5 charge) was isolated per subunit. Structural analysis indicated that the sequence of the oligonucleotide is m7GpppGmpCp. Analysis of the mononucleotide fraction isolated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography of the RNase T2 digest identified 15 to 23 internal N6-methyladenylic acid molecules per subunit.
Automated discrimination of shapes in high dimensions

We present a new method for discrimination of data classes or data sets in a high-dimensional space. Our approach combines two important relatively new concepts in high-dimensional data analysis, i.e., Diffusion Maps and Earth Mover's Distance, in a novel manner so that it is more tolerant to noise and honors the characteristic geometry of the data. We also illustrate that this method can be used for a variety of applications in high dimensional data analysis and pattern classification, such as quantifying shape deformations and discrimination of acoustic waveforms.
A 5-bit 1-GS/s Flash-ADC in 0.13-μm CMOS Using Active Interpolation

This work presents a 5-bit 1-GS/s flash-ADC in 0.13-μm CMOS technology. An active interpolation topology is used in the comparator inputs to reduce power consumption and input capacitance of the converter. Operating at 1.056-GS/s the ADC consumes 46 mW of power from a 1.2 V supply and provides an ENOB of 4.73 bits and an SFDR of 43.2 dBc at a signal frequency of 102 MHz. The ADC has an ERBW of 470 MHz and a FoM of 1.8 pJ/convstep. Area consumption for the converter is 0.2 mm2.