Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the dynamics of a class of Darwinian matrix models

Using the methodology of evolutionary game theory (EGT), I study a class of Darwinian matrix models which are derived from a class of nonlinear matrix models for structured populations that are known to possess stable (normalized) distributions. Utilizing the limiting equations that result from this ergodic property, I prove extinction and stability results for the limiting equations of the EGT versions of these kinds of structured population models. This is done in a bifurcation theory context. The results provide conditions sufficient for a branch of non-extinction equilibria to bifurcate from the branch of extinction equilibria. When this bifurcation is supercritical (explicit criteria are given), these equilibria are stable and represent stable non-extinction equilibria (which are also candidate ESS equilibria). These kinds of matrix models are motivated by applications to size structured populations, and I give an application of this type. Besides illustrating the formal theory, this application shows the importance of trade-offs among life history parameters that are necessary for the existence of an evolutionarily stable equilibrium.
Implementation and evaluation of a multimodal addressee identification mechanism for multiparty conversation systems

In conversational agents with multiparty communication functionality, a system needs to be able to identify the addressee for the current floor and respond to the user when the utterance is addressed to the agent. This study proposes some addressee identification models based on speech and gaze information, and tests whether the models can be applied to different proxemics. We build an addressee identification mechanism by implementing the models and incorporate it into a fully autonomous multiparty conversational agent. The system identifies the addressee from online multimodal data and uses this information in language understanding and dialogue management. Finally, an evaluation experiment shows that the proposed addressee identification mechanism works well in a real-time system, with an F-measure for addressee estimation of 0.8 for agent-addressed utterances. We also found that our system more successfully avoided disturbing the conversation by mistakenly taking a turn when the agent is not addressed.
Casimir force on real materials—the slab and cavity geometry

We analyse the potential of the geometry of a slab in a planar cavity for the purpose of Casimir force experiments. The force and its dependence on temperature, material properties and finite slab thickness are investigated both analytically and numerically for the slab and walls made of aluminium and teflon FEP respectively. We conclude that such a setup is ideal for measurements of the temperature dependence of the Casimir force. By numerical calculation it is shown that temperature effects are dramatically larger for dielectrics, suggesting that a dielectric such as teflon FEP whose properties vary little within a moderate temperature range, should be considered for experimental purposes. We finally discuss the subtle but fundamental matter of the various Green's two-point function approaches present in the literature and show how they are different formulations describing the same phenomenon.
Unfolding Learning Behaviors: A Sequential Analysis Approach in A Game-based Learning Environment

During the past two decades, conducting game-based learning research poses several predicaments. In particular, two primary challenges have been raised: the lack of long-term intervention in a real world and the lack of the revelation of learning process for understanding students’ engagement. Hence, in order to overcome the two challenges gradually, a previous study developed a game-based learning environment, entitled My-Pet-My-Quest (MPMQ), for arithmetic practices. The MPMQ provides pet-keeping tasks and learning tasks, so that students can play the role of pet-keepers who can interact with their virtual pets and solve a series of small quests that sustain students’ motivation and engagement. For understanding students’ behaviors in the environment, two processes were carried out. This study first attempted to implement long-term intervention in an elementary afterschool club as well as students’ home, and then to analyze the learning process. Furthermore, this study adopted a sequential analysis approach, based on a designing framework, to help us examine and understand the each aspect of behaviors in students’ learning and playing. These results can provide suggestions and references for the design of efficient game-based learning environments in the future.
The optimization method of simplifying logic function

The simplification of logic functions is a common and worthwhile goal. The paper builds an integer programming model for the minimum cover problem and proposes a simplification method of logic functions in which its minimum cover is obtained by solving the integer programming. An example is given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach. Results show that the method presented in this paper is simple, explicit and easy to implement on a computer.
Stepwise Development of Streaming Software Architectures

We present a Model Driven Engineering approach to explain, verify, build, and test dataflow or streaming software architectures that are parallelized for performance or availability. Component-connector models are incrementally elaborated by transformations that refine or optimize architectural designs. We re-engineered two significant case studies to illustrate the generality of our work: (1) recoverable crash fault tolerant servers and (2) join parallelizations in database machines.
Coexistence de logiques institutionnelles et impact sur les pratiques : Cas des logiques d’accountability et de religion chez les Scouts et Guides de France

Completing current research on hybrid organization in neo-institutional theory, this paper explores the coexistence, without competition, of two institutional logics and their practices, framed with different rationality in a same organization. More precisely, we focused on the two logics present in a non-profit and religious organization of scouting. Through annuals reports collected from 1983 to 2013, participant observation, discussions and audit reports, we observed the coevolution of accountability logic based on instrumental rationality and religion logic based on a belief-oriented rationality. Our results suggest the coexistence of logics and their practices, even if they have different rationality.
M/L, Hα Rotation Curves, and H I Measurements for 329 Nearby Cluster and Field Spirals. I. Data

A survey of 329 nearby galaxies (redshift z < 0.045) has been conducted to study the distribution of mass and light within spiral galaxies over a range of environments. The 18 observed clusters and groups span a range of richness, density, and X-ray temperature and are supplemented by a set of 30 isolated field galaxies. Optical spectroscopy taken with the 200 inch (5 m) Hale Telescope provides separately resolved Hα and [N II] major-axis rotation curves for the complete set of galaxies, which are analyzed to yield velocity widths and profile shapes, extents, and gradients. H I line profiles provide an independent velocity width measurement and a measure of H I gas mass and distribution. I-band images are used to deconvolve profiles into disk and bulge components, to determine global luminosities and ellipticities, and to check morphological classification. These data are combined to form a unified data set ideal for the study of the effects of environment upon galaxy evolution.
Hemostatic markers in patients at risk of cerebral ischemia.

BACKGROUND Increased levels of markers of hemostasis may assist in the determination of the extent of carotid occlusive disease and the identification of neurologically intact individuals at increased risk of ischemic events. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of 304 subjects, including 82 with a recent (< or =7 days) transient ischemic attack (TIA), 157 asymptomatic individuals with a cervical bruit, and 65 control subjects. Baseline evaluation included a neurological assessment, ECG, cervical ultrasonography, and cerebral CT and/or MRI. Levels of markers of coagulation and fibrinolytic activity were also determined. Results were analyzed in relation to the degree of carotid disease and the subsequent occurrence of cerebral and cardiac ischemic events. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up period of 2.8 years (SD, 1.3 years), 114 ischemic events occurred. Survival analyses showed that prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F(1.2)) was a predictor of time to cerebral and cardiac ischemic events in the combined TIA and asymptomatic bruit group (relative risk [RR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.81) as well as in the asymptomatic bruit group separately (RR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.53). In the TIA group, both F(1.2) (RR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.19 to 4.68) and severe (> or =80%) carotid stenosis (RR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.19 to 10.51) were predictive of time to ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. CONCLUSIONS In patients with TIAs and in asymptomatic individuals with cervical bruits, F(1.2) levels were found to be independent predictors of subsequent cerebral and cardiac ischemic events. Our results are consistent with an active role of the coagulation system through upregulation of thrombin in carotid disease progression and in the pathogenesis of ischemic events in patients at risk.
IPv 6 ) UDP TCP ndn : : AppFace ndn : : Net Device Face ndn : : Ipv 4 Face ndn : : Udp Face ndn : : Tcp Face ndn : : L 3 Protocol ndn

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a newly proposed Internet architecture. NDN retains the Internet’s hourglass architecture but evolves the thin waist. Instead of pushing data to specific locations, NDN retrieves data by name. On one hand, this simple change allows NDN networks to use almost all of the Internet’s well tested engineering properties to solve not only IP’s communication problems but also digital distribution and control problems. On the other hand, a distribution architecture differs in fundamental ways from a point-to-point communication architecture of today’s Internet and raises many new research challenges. Simulation can serve as a flexible tool to examine and evaluate various aspects of this new architecture. To provide the research community at large with a common simulation platform, we have developed an open source NS-3 based simulator, ndnSIM, which faithfully implemented the basic components of a NDN network in a modular way. This paper provides an overview of ndnSIM.
EYE BASED CONTROL SYSTEM

In this paper, an individual human computer interface system using eye motion tracking is introduced. Traditionally human computer interface uses mouse, keyboard as an input device. However, the proposed vision-based virtual interface controls system work on various eye movements such as eye blinking. The planned virtual multimodal interface system provides vision-based mechanism, to convey between human and computer system, instead of conventional human computer interaction through mouse and keyboard. For motion tracking, recognition of eye is explored through an optical flow technique. To minimize the error caused by light variation, histogram equalization and max-min normalization is used to improve every frame. An innovative system for user-computer interaction based on the user’s eye-gaze behavior.
Mercury's hollows: Constraints on formation and composition from analysis of geological setting and spectral reflectance

Landforms unique to Mercury, hollows are shallow, flat‐floored irregular depressions notable for their relatively high reflectance and characteristic color. Here we document the range of geological settings in which hollows occur. Most are associated with impact structures (simple bowl‐shaped craters to multiring basins, and ranging from Kuiperian to Calorian in age). Hollows are found in the low‐reflectance material global color unit and in low‐reflectance blue plains, but they appear to be absent from high‐reflectance red plains. Hollows may occur preferentially on equator‐ or hot‐pole‐facing slopes, implying that their formation is linked to solar heating. Evidence suggests that hollows form because of loss of volatile material. We describe hypotheses for the origin of the volatiles and for how such loss proceeds. Intense space weathering and solar heating are likely contributors to the loss of volatiles; contact heating by melts could promote the formation of hollows in some locations. Lunar Ina‐type depressions differ from hollows on Mercury in a number of characteristics, so it is unclear if they represent a good analog. We also use MESSENGER multispectral images to characterize a variety of surfaces on Mercury, including hollows, within a framework defined by laboratory spectra for analog minerals and lunar samples. Data from MESSENGER's X‐Ray Spectrometer indicate that the planet's surface contains up to 4% sulfur. We conclude that nanophase or microphase sulfide minerals could contribute to the low reflectance of the low‐reflectance material relative to average surface material. Hollows may owe their relatively high reflectance to destruction of the darkening agent (sulfides), the presence of alteration minerals, and/or physical differences in particle size, texture, or scattering behavior.
Protein diffusion in plant cell plasma membranes: the cell-wall corral

Studying protein diffusion informs us about how proteins interact with their environment. Work on protein diffusion over the last several decades has illustrated the complex nature of biological lipid bilayers. The plasma membrane contains an array of membrane-spanning proteins or proteins with peripheral membrane associations. Maintenance of plasma membrane microstructure can be via physical features that provide intrinsic ordering such as lipid microdomains, or from membrane-associated structures such as the cytoskeleton. Recent evidence indicates, that in the case of plant cells, the cell wall seems to be a major player in maintaining plasma membrane microstructure. This interconnection / interaction between cell-wall and plasma membrane proteins most likely plays an important role in signal transduction, cell growth, and cell physiological responses to the environment.
On the comprehension/production dilemma in child language

Le fait que la capacite de production des enfants soit inferieure a leur capacite de comprehension, pose un dilemne conceptuel pour les etudes generatives sur l'acquisition du langage : les productions des enfants refletent-elles en effet leurs competences de la meme maniere que les adultes, ou le fosse entre competence et performance est-il dramatiquement plus important ? Pour resoudre ce dilemne, l'A. montre ici que les enfants n'ont pas deux grammaires, mais une seule, et que celle-ci est liee a la theorie de l'optimalite. Cette grammaire permet d'etablir que meme les enfants ayant une production phonologique tres limitee ont des formes sous-jacentes qui se rapprochent des formes adultes
Clustering techniques for acoustic-phonetic speech classi .cation

This paper suggests a clustering approach to broad phonetic classification of speech frames. Applications may arise e.g. in acoustic-phonetic speech recognition. New suitable clustering methods are introduced and applied to three phonetic classification problems: voiced/unvoiced, vowel/voiced consonant, and front vowel/back vowel. Clustering results in optimised low-dimensional feature spaces are compared against supervised classifications. Without formal training, the clustering procedures are found to be able to achieve class discrimination comparable to or better than the well-trained classifier.
Study of adolescents' multifactorial self-image components based on their own self-characterizations

The most important questions of human existence and development – Who am I? What am I like? – concerned every thinking human in all cultural-historical ages. These questions remain timely even in our rapidly changing postmodern society. The goal of our research is the examination of adolescents’ self-characterization, the outlining of the self-image components age characteristics, the establishment of differences resulting from their environment. Our examination is part of the 2005/2006 school year evaluation (Pletl, 2011) regarding Transylvanian students’ composition skills. In the present research we have analyzed a total of 1602 self-characterization of Transylvanian Hungarian students. Results show that fifth grade students have dichotomous thinking that becomes more sophisticated by the time they get into the eighth grade. Eighth grade students referred significantly more often to the categories Emotions, Satisfaction, Social attitudes, School achievement, Special interests and mentioned more personality traits. In the comparison by location, more similarities and fewer differences were outlined. However, urban students referred significantly more often to emotions and satisfaction, while rural students mentioned more frequently characteristics like good-hearted and diligent. The study also outlined two major deficiencies. No significant difference was found between the two grades in naming abilities, and referring to Science and Language. We strongly believe that school should be more than simply a place for traditional teaching; effective education and personal development should spread to new areas like the development of self-reflective thinking, the shaping of personal competence and the operation of Career and Vocational Counseling.
National Poverty Center Working Paper Series Can We Improve Job Retention and Advancement among Low-income Working Parents? Can We Improve Job Retention and Advancement among Low-income Working Parents? Abstract Can We Improve Job Retention and Advancement among Low-income Working Parents?

Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Poverty Center or any sponsoring agency. In this paper we review the evidence on four approaches to improving job retention and advancement among low-income working adults. These four approaches are: 1) Financial incentives and supports; 2) Case management and service provision, often by labor market intermediaries; 3) Skill development strategies; and 4) Employer-focused efforts, such as sectoral strategies and career ladder development at private firms. Within each category, we find at least some evidence of positive impacts on retention or advancement. Among the most promising approaches are the use of labor market intermediaries for job placements, the use of community colleges for training, and a variety of efforts that involve local employers. Mixed strategies that combine strong financial incentives and supports with labor market services and training also show promise.
Urban public space designing criteria for vulnerable groups ( Women and children )

One of the major challenges in designing urban public spaces is paying more attention to issues such as infrastructure, architecture and the economy than observations about people and their way of life and their interaction with the environment. So, there is very little knowledge about different ways of enjoying people of public spaces that depend on factors such as gender, age, family history, sociology, etc. The purpose of this paper is to review and understand these factors, especially about the vulnerable groups, women and children . At first the opinions and ideas, surveys and research related to the topic are reviewed briefly and after that the analysis of above mentioned issues and the points obtained in the theory and history of subject will be provided with emphasis on safety in the design of urban spaces along with the criteria for designing spaces appropriate for the target group.
ENTROPY AND THE ESTIMATION OF MUSICAL ABILITY

Musical ability determines how well a musician, or a band, can perform. From a listener’s perspective, a musician’s ability is often judged by the subjective overall impression of the music. However, others, such as teachers or talent seekers, use more specific criteria to determine a musician’s ability. Regardless of who is evaluating, judgements of musical ability are still subjective and require the judges to listen to recordings or live performances of the musicians in question. Automatic estimation techniques would greatly decrease the time required to determine a musician’s ability. Automatically estimating a musician’s ability would also be very useful for online communities of musicians to help users find other users with a similar musical talent. In this work, the automatic estimation of musical ability is explored. More specifically, two features, both based on the concept of entropy, are proposed. The first feature looks at the rhythmic consistency of a recording, while the second looks at the tonal consistency. The performance and relative importance of each feature is studied by correlating the results of the feature with data that was manually labelled by 12 musicians. Using the rhythmic feature, a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of -0.55 with a p-value of 0.00052 was found, whereas the pitch feature had a coefficient of -0.32 and a p-value of 0.056.
Global testing under sparse alternatives: ANOVA, multiple comparisons and the higher criticism

Testing for the significance of a subset of regression coefficients in a linear model, a staple of statistical analysis, goes back at least to the work of Fisher who introduced the analysis of variance (ANOVA). We study this problem under the assumption that the coefficient vector is sparse, a common situation in modern high-dimensional settings. Suppose we have p covariates and that under the alternative, the response only depends upon the order of p^(1−α) of those, 0 ≤ α ≤ 1. Under moderate sparsity levels, that is, 0 ≤ α ≤ 1/2, we show that ANOVA is essentially optimal under some conditions on the design. This is no longer the case under strong sparsity constraints, that is, α > 1/2. In such settings, a multiple comparison procedure is often preferred and we establish its optimality when α ≥ 3/4. However, these two very popular methods are suboptimal, and sometimes powerless, under moderately strong sparsity where 1/2 1/2. This optimality property is true for a variety of designs, including the classical (balanced) multi-way designs and more modern “p > n” designs arising in genetics and signal processing. In addition to the standard fixed effects model, we establish similar results for a random effects model where the nonzero coefficients of the regression vector are normally distributed.