Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Therapy of Gastric Cancer

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is the 2nd most common cancer worldwide. The 5-year survival rates after curative surgical resection decline from 60–90% in stage I, to 30–50% in stage II and finally drop to only to 10–25% for patients in stage III of this disease. Surgical treatment is the only therapeutic modality that has a potentially curative effect. According to certain criteria, early gastric cancer limited to the mucosa or submucosa is indicated for endoscopic mucosal resection. In advanced gastric cancer with surgical approach, the questions of type of resection, extent of lymph node dissection and indication for splenectomy do arise. R0 resection represented with macroscopic- and microscopic-free resection margins is the ultimate goal for a surgeon. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in stage IV for unresectable disease. According to numerous randomized controlled trials, adjuvant chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy have been accepted for stages Ib–IIIb of this disease. Combination chemotherapy seems to be more effective than monotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is administered with the aim to downstage a locally advanced tumor prior to attempting curative resection. New therapeutic possibilities include agents like angiogenesis inhibitors, human epidermal growth factor receptor family inhibitors and inhibitors of small molecules (tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Survival rates in resectable gastric cancer are influenced mainly by the depth of invasion through the gastric wall and by the presence or absence of regional lymph node involvement. Positive margins in resected patients are associated with very poor prognosis.
PMA: Pixel-based multi-anchor algorithm for image recognition on multi-core systems

Image recognition is a very useful technique that can be applied in many areas. Two-Dimensional Continuous Dynamic Programming (2DCDP) is a pixel-level matching algorithm for object recognition. Compared with other methods, 2DCDP can offer a sufficiently high accuracy of recognition without training. In our previous work we use 2DCDP to implement image classification. However, we find the processing speed of 2DCDP is very slow. In this paper, we first analyze the performance issue of 2DCDP algorithm, and point out that large memory consumption is the performance bottleneck. Then, we improve 2DCDP algorithm and propose a new object recognition algorithm named Pixel-based Multi-Anchor (PMA) algorithm, which can locate anchor points that can be further used to locate the recognized area. Theoretical analysis expresses that our new algorithm can effectively reduce memory capacity requirement from O(n4) to O(n3), where n is the size of image. Furthermore, based on the understanding of multi-core architecture, we propose a fine-grained parallelism thread model to parallelize our PMA algorithm on mutli-core systems. Especially we take cache coherence problem into account, such that we further propose a coarse-grained parallelism thread model to optimize the PMA performance. Experimental results show that compared with the original 2DCDP algorithm, our new PMA algorithm can decrease the memory capacity requirement dramatically which improves the recognition speed. More important, PMA algorithm can processes efficiently big images that exceed the ability of original 2DCDP algorithm.
Meridionally Propagating Interannual-to-Interdecadal Variability in a Linear Ocean-Atmosphere Model

Abstract Zonally symmetric sea level pressure perturbations have been observed to oscillate at 3–6-yr periods and travel from one polar region to the opposite polar region in approximately 10 years. Based on previous modeling of linear, meridional (zonally symmetric) modes of uncoupled ocean-atmosphere models, meridional modes of oscillation of a global, primitive-equation, coupled ocean-atmosphere model were analyzed to see if they contained meridionally propagating modes especially surface pressure perturbations, with oscillation periods of years to decades. A two-layer model of the global ocean and a two-level model of the global atmosphere were formulated. The most important ocean-atmosphere interaction processes were parameterized in a manner consistent with the simplicity of the ocean-atmosphere models. Both models and parameterizations were linearized around axially symmetric basic states containing mean meridional circulations. The linearized perturbation system was formulated as an eigensystem. T.
Arterial chemoreceptors and sympathetic nerve activity: implications for hypertension and heart failure.

Chronic elevation in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) is associated with the development and maintenance of certain types of hypertension1 and contributes to the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). 2 The mechanisms involved in sympathetic dysfunction in these disorders appear to be complex and multifactorial. A unified hypothesis is likely to encompass alterations in multiple autonomic reflex pathways, central integratory sites, and chemical mediators that control sympathetic outflow. For example, tonic restraint of sympathetic outflow by arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes is depressed in CHF2 and depressed or reset in hypertension.3 Moreover, maladaptive changes also occur in the central nervous system at integrative sites for autonomic control in both disease processes.4,5 It is also clear that sympathoexcitatory cardiac,6 somatic,7 and central/peripheral chemoreceptor reflexes8 are enhanced in CHF and hypertension. Arterial chemoreceptors serve an important regulatory role in the control of alveolar ventilation, but they also exert a powerful influence on cardiovascular function.9 Activation of arterial chemoreceptors by hypoxemia increases sympathetic outflow to systemic vascular beds to compensate for the direct vasodilating effects of hypoxia on these vessels and to redistribute blood flow to essential organs. In this review, we highlight relevant information that implicates the arterial chemoreflex as a contributory mechanism for the sympathetic hyperactivity in CHF and hypertension and illustrate proposed mechanisms for this altered function. Arterial chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies (CBs) respond to hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Because central chemoreceptors also respond to hypercapnia, hypoxia is typically used as a specific stimulus to arterial chemoreceptors. In some mammals, such as rats and rabbits, reflex responses to hypoxemia arise solely from the CB, whereas in other species, the aortic chemoreceptor contribution can be significant. However, it is not possible to experimentally separate the relative contribution of the aortic and …
SCMAS: A distributed hierarchical multi-agent architecture for blocking attacks to databases

One of the main attacks on databases is the SQL injection attack which causes severe damage both in the commercial aspect and the confidence of users. This paper presents a novel strategy for detecting and preventing SQL injection attacks consisting of a multi-agent based architecture called SCMAS. The SCMAS architecture is structured in hierarchical layers and incorporates SQLCBR agents with improved learning and adaptation capabilities. The SQLCBR agents presented within this paper have been specifically designed to classify SQL injection attacks and to predict the behaviour of malicious users. These agents incorporate a new technique based on a mixture of neural networks and a technique based on a temporal series. This paper begins with a detailed explanation of the SCMAS architecture and the SQLCBR agents. The results of their application to a case study are then presented and discussed.
Essential Oil Education for Health Care Providers.

CONTEXT Patients' use of complementary and integrative health practices has been increasing in the United States for a variety of reasons. The use of essential oils is one complementary and integrative health modality that continues to increase in popularity. Many providers are not knowledgeable about and are not comfortable discussing the topic with their patients. OBJECTIVE The research team intended to evaluate the effectiveness of the dissemination of current information on essential oils to health care practitioners through a continuing education module. DESIGN The research team developed and implemented the module in collaboration with the American Association of Nurse Practitioners Continuing Education (AANP CE) Center. SETTING The continuing education module was made available on the AANP CE Center's Web site to allow the voluntary participation of nurse practitioners throughout the nation at their convenience. The module was available to other interested practitioners as well. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 231 health care practitioners, 62.5% of whom were nurse practitioners in family practice. INTERVENTION The education module included information on 5 commonly used essential oils, indications for use in patient populations, and safety and contraindications for use. OUTCOME MEASURES Pretest and posttest measures of participants' knowledge of essential oils and an evaluation by participants of the educational module were used to evaluate its effectiveness. Data were collected from the Web site during a 3-mo period, for the months of June, July, and August 2015. RESULTS An increase in the correct responses at posttest, when compared with the pretest, demonstrated that learning had occurred because of the module. Upon completion of the module, most participants reported that they felt more comfortable discussing integrative health modalities and essential oils with their patients. Most participants also reported that they intended to ask their patients about their use of integrative health practices because of their experiences with the continuing education module. CONCLUSIONS The overall results demonstrated a positive effect on participants, showing their increased knowledge of essential oil indications, safety, and contraindications, as evidenced by the posttest and evaluation results.
A functional correspondence between evaluators and abstract machines

We bridge the gap between functional evaluators and abstract machines for the λ-calculus, using closure conversion, transformation into continuation-passing style, and defunctionalization.We illustrate this approach by deriving Krivine's abstract machine from an ordinary call-by-name evaluator and by deriving an ordinary call-by-value evaluator from Felleisen et al.'s CEK machine. The first derivation is strikingly simpler than what can be found in the literature. The second one is new. Together, they show that Krivine's abstract machine and the CEK machine correspond to the call-by-name and call-by-value facets of an ordinary evaluator for the λ-calculus.We then reveal the denotational content of Hannan and Miller's CLS machine and of Landin's SECD machine. We formally compare the corresponding evaluators and we illustrate some degrees of freedom in the design spaces of evaluators and of abstract machines for the λ-calculus with computational effects.Finally, we consider the Categorical Abstract Machine and the extent to which it is more of a virtual machine than an abstract machine.
A Cross-layer Routing and Congestion Control for Distributed Systems

Distributed systems have been widely deployed and used in different fields. The Internet itself with all the challenges it brings is one of the successful distributed systems. There have been a lot of research in the efficient design, implementation and evaluation of distributed systems. One of the research challenges in distributed systems is the design of efficient congestion control and routing algorithms. In spite of many efforts to deal with these challenges, sound algorithms and novel approaches have yet to be devised. The literature shows that current routing and congestion control schemes are having serious performance problems to cope with the growth of networks (the Internet). In this work we present an adaptive, joint congestion control and routing protocol for distributed systems called BestChoice. We show how BestChoice can be used to find the best path to route packets and “optimal” (best) sending rate for the sources given the total (and average) rates to and queue sizes at the links in the network. We evaluated the routing performance of BestChoice using a topology from the literature and a live real-time Internet data. All numerical results show that BestChoice has better routing performance than well known routing algorithms and has the additional benefit of finding the best initial sending rate for the data sources. The numerical results show that BestChoice offers an almost two times more throughput gain than existing routing techniques.
Tipping Points in the Tundra

Environmental changes in the Arctic may be an early warning system for global climate change, and recent reports from the region are alarming. Several studies have indicated substantial declines in sea ice cover and earlier ice melting, which have led to the lowest level of sea ice in more than a century. And now there is evidence that the warming on the nearby continents may also be accelerating. In his Perspective, [Foley][1] discusses results reported in the same issue by [ Chapin et al. ][2] that suggest that reductions in highly reflective snow cover and expanding shrub and tree cover, both caused by recent warming in the Arctic, are amplifying the temperature changes in the region. Reduced snow cover and expanded shrubs and tress both act to absorb additional solar radiation (compared to highly reflective snow fields), warming the surface and the atmosphere above. Chapin et al. provide the best empirical evidence for this climate feedback mechanism to date; these results need to be more fully incorporated into models of future climate change. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/310/5748/627 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/310/5748/657
Peptide size selection by the major histocompatibility complex-encoded peptide transporter

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded heterodimeric TAP1/TAP2 transporter (TAP) translocates cytosolic peptides into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where peptides of 8 to 11 amino acids long associate with MHC class I molecules. We have studied the selectivity of peptide translocation by TAP in streptolysin O- permeabilized cells using glycosylatable, radioiodinated model peptides to detect import into the ER lumen. TAP-dependent translocation of a radiolabeled nonamer peptide was most efficiently inhibited by unlabeled 9- to 11-mer peptides. Peptides between 7 and 40 amino acids long all could inhibit transport, the longer peptides being least effective. Also, peptides shorter than eight amino acids were inefficiently translocated. The use of directly labeled length variants in translocation assays and TLC analysis of the transported material revealed two pathways for translocation: short peptides (7 to 13 amino acids long) were translocated without prior modification. In contrast, transport of longer peptides was not effective. Instead such peptides were clipped by cytosolic peptidases before efficient transport. Our data suggest that TAP preferentially translocates peptides of appropriate length for class I binding. Furthermore, TAP-translocated peptides were rapidly released from the ER unless they were trapped there by being glycosylated or by binding to MHC class I molecules.
Our Method

on na ap pr ro ou ud 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 Class 0 Class 1 Class 2 0.57 0.29 0.14 class 0 class 1 class 2 class 3 0.08 0.58 0.21 0.13 0.10 0.50 0.26 0.14 0.10 0.56 0.32 0.11 0.22 0.41 0.26 0.11 0.10 0.60 0.23 0.07 Character n-grams allowed for characterizing the writing style for authorship attribution and plagiarism direction. Character n-grams have been used in one of the best intrinsic plagiarism detection methods 1.
Localization of Joule Heating in Phase-Change Memory With Incorporated Nanostructures and Nanolayer for Reducing Reset Current

In this paper, we intensively investigated the proposed nanocontact phase-change memory (nano-C PCM) with incorporated nanostructures and high-resistivity nanolayer (nano-L) for reducing reset current. The high resistivity was able to be tuned by doping N into the conventional Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change material. The analysis based on finite-element method exhibited that the current density in the nano-C PCM could be locally enhanced to about two times that of both conventional and nano-L PCM devices. This resulted in the localization of Joule heating in the nano-C PCM, making it have the highest temperature at the same programming current among the three types of PCM devices. Reset current of nano-C PCM could be greatly reduced to 8.2% of that of the conventional one, owing to its high-efficiency heating for amorphization.
A comparison of auditory and blind separation techniques for speech segregation

A fundamental problem in auditory and speech processing is the segregation of speech from concurrent sounds. This problem has been a focus of study in computational auditory scene analysis (CASA), and it has also been investigated from the perspective of blind source separation. Using a standard corpus of voiced speech mixed with interfering sounds, we report a comparison between CASA and blind source separation techniques, which have been developed independently. Our comparison reveals that they perform well under very different conditions. A number of conclusions are drawn with respect to their relative strengths and weaknesses in speech segregation applications as well as in modeling auditory function.
Soil Organic Matter Pools and Their Associations with Carbon Mineralization Kinetics

The labile component of soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in short-term nutrient turnover. Our objectives were (i) to establish the relationships between carbon in soil density fractions with carbon mineralization and the microbial biomass under contrasting conditions, (it) to compare the goodness of fit of different mathematical models to describe carbon mineralization, and (iii) to evaluate the relationships of the SOM pools and the mineralization parameters estimated by the best kinetic model. Twenty-eight soil samples were collected from a fine, illitic, thermic Typic Argiudoll localized in Argentina. These samples differed in the soil management (pasture and agriculture), tillage systems (chisel tillage, plough tillage, and no-tillage), crop rotation, or depths. Microbial biomass was highly correlated with total carbon (r 2 = 0.777, P 2.0 g mL -1 ) soil fractions. Carbon in the soil light fraction was strongly related to the carbon mineralized at 10 and 160 d of incubation. The exponential and hyperbolic models showed a good description of the mineralization data (r 2 >0.982). The application of models which considered two organic matter pools could not describe the mineralization of some samples. The hyperbolic model estimated higher potentially carbon mineralizable pools (C 0 ) and semidecomposition time periods than the exponential one. The C 0 estimated by the exponential model were similar to the carbon content in the soil light fraction. This soil organic component seemed to be the driving variable of microbial activity and a good predictor of soil potential carbon mineralization.
Planet signatures and Size Segregation in Debris Discs

The response of a debris disc to a planetary perturber is the result of the complex interplay between gravitational effects, grain collisions and stellar radiation pressure (Stark & Kuchner (2009). We investigate to what extent this response can depart from the pure gravitational case when including grain collisional production and radiation pressure. We use the DyCoSS code (Thébault (2012), designed to study the coupled effect of collisions and dynamics for systems at steady state with one perturbing body. We focus on two outcomes: the 2D surface density profile of the disc+planet system, and the way the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) is spatially segregated within the disc. We consider two set-ups: 1) a narrow ring with an exterior “shepherding” planet, and 2) an extended disc in which a planet is embedded. For each case, the planet mass and orbit are explored as free parameters, and an unperturbed “no-planet” case is also considered. Another parameter is the disc's collisional activity, as parameterized by its optical depth τ.
Canadian Trial of Physiological Pacing: Effects of Physiological Pacing During Long-Term Follow-Up

Background—The Canadian Trial of Physiological Pacing (CTOPP) reported that the risk of stroke or cardiovascular death was similar between patients receiving ventricular versus physiological pacemakers at the end of the original follow-up period of 3 years. However, the occurrence of atrial fibrillation was significantly less frequent with physiological pacemakers. To assess a potential delayed benefit of physiological pacing, follow-up of patients in this study was extended to 6 years. Methods and Results—A total of 1474 patients requiring a pacemaker for symptomatic bradycardia were randomized to receive ventricular and 1094 to physiological pacemakers. The primary outcome was stroke or cardiovascular death. The study was completed in July 1998, and follow-up was extended to July 2001. At a mean follow-up of 6.4 years, there was no difference between treatment groups in the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or stroke. There was no significant difference in total mortality or stroke between groups. There was a significantly lower rate of development of atrial fibrillation in the physiological group, with a relative risk reduction of 20.1% (CI, 5.4 to 32.5; P =0.009). Conclusions—The CTOPP extended study does not show a difference in cardiovascular death or stroke, or in total mortality, or in stroke between patients implanted with ventricular or physiological pacemakers over a mean follow-up of >6 years. However, there is a persistent significant reduction in the development of atrial fibrillation with physiological pacing.