Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Reversible Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Integer Wavelet Coefficients

This paper presents an integer wavelet coefficients based reversible image watermarking scheme. A reversible image watermarking approach extracts the embedded watermarks from a watermarked image and recovers the watermarked image to the original image simultaneously. The proposed approach first applies the host image to 3-layered integer wavelet transform. Nine subimages are acquired from the 3-layered integer wavelet transform. Each subimage is then segmented to blocks of size 2 L ´2 L , where L is determined by structure of the subimage. Then, reversible watermarks are embedded into differences between central ordered pixel and other pixels in each block. Largest difference in each block determines the embedded quantity in each difference. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive block size scheme has high capacity and quality ratio. A better selection on subimage embedding is also provided.
Guided code synthesis using deep neural networks

Can we teach computers how to program? Recent advances in neural network research reveal that certain neural networks are able not only to learn the syntax, grammar and semantics of arbitrary character sequences, but also synthesize new samples `in the style of' the original training data. We explore the adaptation of these techniques to code classification, comprehension and completion.
EquivalenceCheckingof Integer Multipliers

In this paper, we addresson equivalencechecking of integer multipliers, especiallyfor the multipliers without structur esimilarity . Our approachis basedon Hamaguchi’sbackward substitution method with the following impr ovements: (1) automatic identification of componentsto form proper cut points and thus dramatically impr ove the backward substitution process,(2) a layered-backwardsubstitution algorithm to reducethe number of substitutions,and (3) Multiplicati vePower Hybrid DecisionDiagrams(*PHDDs) as our word-level representationrather than *BMD in Hamaguchi’sapproach.Experimental resultsshow that our approachcan efficiently checkthe equivalenceof two integer multipliers. To verify the equivalenceof a array multiplier versusa Wallacetr eemultiplier , our approachtakesabout 57 CPU secondsusing 11 Mbytes, while Stanion’s approachtook 21027secondsusing130MBytes. Wealsoshow that the complexity of our approach is upper bounded by , where is the word size,but our experimental resultsshow that the complexity of our approachgrows cubically .
An Efficient Ride-Sharing Framework for Maximizing Shared Route

Ride-sharing (RS) has great values in saving energy and alleviating traffic pressure. Existing studies can be improved for better efficiency. Therefore, we propose a new ride-sharing model, where each driver has a requirement that if the driver shares a ride with a rider, the shared route percentage (i.e., the ratio of the shared route's distance to the driver's total travel distance) exceeds an expectation rate of the driver, e.g., 0.8. We consider two variants of this problem. The first considers multiple drivers and multiple riders and aims to compute driver-rider pairs to maximize the overall shared route percentage (SRP). We model this problem as the maximum weighted bigraph matching problem, where the vertices are drivers and riders, edges are driver-rider pairs, and edge weights are driver-rider's SRP. However, it is rather expensive to compute the SRP values for large numbers of driver-rider pairs on road networks. To address this problem, we propose an efficient method to prune many unnecessary driver-rider pairs and avoid computing the SRP values for every pair. To improve the efficiency, we propose an approximate method with error bound guarantee. The basic idea is that we compute an upper bound and a lower bound for each driver-rider pair in constant time. Then, we estimate an upper bound and a lower bound of the graph matching. Next, we select some driver-rider pairs, compute their real shortest-route distance, and update the lower and upper bounds of the maximum graph matching. We repeat above steps until the ratio of the upper bound to the lower bound is not larger than a given approximate rate. The second considers multiple drivers and a single rider and aims to find the top-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq1-2760880.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> drivers for the rider with the largest SRP. We first prune a large number of drivers that cannot meet the SRP requirements. Then, we propose a best-first algorithm that progressively selects the drivers with high probability to be in the top-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq2-2760880.gif"/></alternatives> </inline-formula> results and prunes the drivers that cannot be in the top-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $k$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq3-2760880.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> results. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method.
Why Can Insulin Resistance Be a Natural Consequence of Thyroid Dysfunction?

Evidence for a relationship between T4 and T3 and glucose metabolism appeared over 100 years ago when the influence of thyroid hormone excess in the deterioration of glucose metabolism was first noticed. Since then, it has been known that hyperthyroidism is associated with insulin resistance. More recently, hypothyroidism has also been linked to decreased insulin sensitivity. The explanation to this apparent paradox may lie in the differential effects of thyroid hormones at the liver and peripheral tissues level. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of thyroid hormones in glucose metabolism and analyze the mechanisms whereby alterations of thyroid hormones lead to insulin resistance.
Does Anesthesia Induction during Electrophysiologic Studies Induce Tachycardia in Pediatric Patients

Background: Anesthesia is essential to facilitate the majority of pediatric electrophysiology studies (EPS); however, a risk of an arrhythmia exists during its induction. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of arrhythmia during anesthesia induction in pediatric EPS. Methods: IRB approved retrospective review of pediatric EPS from 1/99 to 1/14. Inclusion criteria: Age ≤ 21 years and comprehensive EPS under general anesthesia. Data collected: demographics, EPS results, and anesthesia records. Patients were grouped based upon route of anesthesia administration: Intravenous (IV) agents (propofol, ketamine, and kentanyl) and Inhalational (IH) agents (sevoflurane, isoflurane and desflurane). Sinus Tachycardia (STACH) was defined as variable heart rates of >140 and <180 beats per minute (bpm) originating from sino-atrial node with a duration of ≥5 minutes. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) was defined as an abnormal heart rhythm arising due to abnormal electrical activity of the heart, originating proximal to the bundle of His, with sustained rates ≥ 180 bpm. Results: Inclusion criteria were met by 378 patients, 57% male, median age 14 ± 4 years, with IV induction utilized in 275 (72%) patients. During induction, 39 (10%) developed tachycardia: 38 STACH and 1 SVT. STACH was more common with IH anesthesia when compared to IV (p<0.0001). Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW), irrespective of anesthesia type, had twice the risk of developing STACH, 17/114 vs. 21/264 of others (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Sinus Tachycardia occurred in 10% of pediatric electrophysiology cases performed under anesthesia. It was seen more frequently when IH agents were used compared to IV. Patients with WPW have double the risk of developing sinus tachycardia during anesthesia induction when compared to patients with other forms of SVT.
Antiproliferative and antimitogenic activities in a peptide from puffball mushroom Calvatia caelata.

A peptide with a molecular weight of 8 kDa and an N-terminal sequence closely resembling that of ubiquitin was isolated from fruiting bodies of the mosaic puffball mushroom Calvatia caelata. The peptide was purified using a protocol that involved ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, and ion-exchange chromatography on Mono S. The peptide inhibited translation in the cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and exhibited N-glycosidase activity. It potently inhibited proliferation of spleen cells with an IC(50) of about 100 nM as indicated by the suppression of [methyl-(3)H]thymidine uptake. The viability of breast cancer cells was reduced to half at a ubiquitin concentration of about 100 nM.
Robust Dominant Motion Estimation Using MPEG Information in Sport Sequences

In this paper, we introduce a new method to estimate a parametric description of the dominant motion existing in a video sequence, a key task needed to face more complex video analysis problems. In order to do so, we use motion data provided by the MPEG streams. We propose a method based on imaginary straight line tracking to retrieve the projective transformations that describe the dominant motion of a sequence by estimating 2-D homographies. Our method takes advantage not only of the MPEG motion data, but also of its structure. In order to overcome the noise introduced by the MPEG compression scheme, we also employ several robust estimators to attain reliability. We demonstrate its performance by displaying several image mosaics derived from the motion in real time.
Rapidly Rising Prevalence of Nosocomial Multidrug-Resistant, Gram-Negative Bacilli: A 9-Year Surveillance Study

Abstract Objective: To examine and quantify the temporal trends of nosocomial multidrug-resistant, gram-negative bacilli. Design: A 9-year surveillance study was conducted. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to 3 or more antimicrobial classes. Setting: Tertiary-care institution. Results: From 1994 to 2002, multidrug-resistant, gram-negative bacilli increased from 1% to 16% for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4% to 13% for multidrug-resistant Enterobacter species, 0.5% to 17% for multidrug-resistant Klebsiella species, 0% to 9% for multidrug-resistant Proteus species, and 0.2% to 4% for multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (P ≤ .05). The most common pattern of multidrug resistance was co-resistance to quinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides. Conclusion: The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant, gram-negative bacilli may warrant infection control programs to include these pathogens in strategies aimed at limiting the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn, commonly called silk-cotton tree, has been extensively used by traditional medicine practitioners in Northern and Eastern Nigeria in the control and management of diabetes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic effect of ethanolic extract of Ceiba pentandra bark in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. METHOD Screening activity of the extract was carried out by OGTT. Diabetes mellitus was induced with streptozotocin and graded doses of the ethanolic bark extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w.) were then administered to the experimentally diabetic rats. The blood glucose level was measured at different time intervals. RESULTS The single dose study of C. pentandra extract at two different doses produced no significant hypoglycaemic effect in normal rats but C. pentandra (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased blood glucose level in diabetic rats. In OGTT, C. pentandra (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced elevated glucose level in normal and diabetic rats. In long term (21 days) study, C. pentandra (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased blood glucose level, total cholesterol and triglycerides level, prevented degeneration of liver and pancreas, and increased serum insulin level and liver glycogen content in diabetic rats. Acute toxicity study in rats did not show any signs of toxicity up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. CONCLUSION The results reveal that the extract improved glucose tolerance in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thus the study suggests that the C. pentandra bark extract could be beneficial in the management of type I diabetes.
Optimizing multi-cell massive MIMO for spectral efficiency: How Many users should be scheduled?

Massive MIMO is a promising technique to increase the spectral efficiency of cellular networks, by deploying antenna arrays with hundreds or thousands of active elements at the base stations and performing coherent beamforming. A common rule-of-thumb is that these systems should have an order of magnitude more antennas, N, than scheduled users, K, because the users' channels are then likely to be quasi-orthogonal. However, it has not been proved that this rule-of-thumb actually maximizes the spectral efficiency. In this paper, we analyze how the optimal number of scheduled users, K*, depends on N and other system parameters. The value of K* in the large-N regime is derived in closed form, while simulations are used to show what happens at finite N, in different interference scenarios, and for different beamforming.
Green IT Maturity: developing a framework based on practices and actions

In a society whose issues related to sustainability have become increasingly important, the IT area has been responsible for some of the environmental problems that society faces. In this context, Green IT appears as a way of combining available resources to sustainable and economic policies in organizations, generating benefits for the environment and business. The adoption of Green IT practices may create value for companies and society. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool which is able to assess the organizational maturity of Green IT, identifying the main practices adopted and the different components that influence the way organizations have addressed environmental sustainability in the IT field. The framework proposed in this study has suggested four constructs to assess the organizational maturity of Green IT: socio environmental awareness of the organization; sustainable actions applied to IT field; IT activities monitoring; and search and update of approaches regarding the use of IT. Results are expected to motivate not only students but also practitioners who study and implement different Green IT initiatives, so that organizations can become more efficient and effective and commit to the planet conservation, as well.
High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and esophagitis with or without symptoms in the general adult Swedish population: A Kalixanda study report

Objective. Gastroesophageal reflux disease has been reported to be a common burden on health-care resources in the Western world, but its manifestations in the general population are as yet unclear. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of, and to identify the risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) and erosive esophagitis (EE) in the adult population of two Swedish municipalities. Material and methods. A random sample (n=3000) of the adult population (20–81 years of age) of two Swedish municipalities (n=21,610) was surveyed using a validated postal questionnaire assessing gastrointestinal symptoms. The response rate was 74%. A subsample (n=1000) of the responders was subsequently invited, in random order, for esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy with evaluation of GERS, risk factors and tests for Helicobacter pylori. Results. GERS were reported by 40.0% and EE was found in 15.5% of the population that had undergone endoscopy. Of those with GERS, 24.5% had EE while 36.8% of those with EE reported no GERS. Hiatus hernia and obesity remained significant risk factors for GERS and/or EE, with or without symptoms in a main effect model (OR up to 14 at EE). Those with active H. pylori infection had a higher risk of GERS without EE than those without H. pylori infection (OR=1.71 (1.23–2.38)). Conclusions. GERS and EE (of which one-third is asymptomatic) are highly prevalent in the Swedish adult population. H. pylori infection seems to play a role in the manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux.
Sustain-Release of Various Drugs from Leucaena Leucocephala Polysaccharide

This study examines the sustained release behavior of both water-soluble (acetaminophen, caffeine, theophylline and salicylic acid) and water-insoluble (indomethacin) drugs from Leucaena leucocephala seed Gum isolated from Leucaena leucocephala kernel powder. It further investigates the effect of incorporation of diluents like microcrystalline cellulose and lactose on release of caffeine and partial cross-linking of the gum (polysaccharide) on release of acetaminophen. Applying exponential equation, the mechanism of release of soluble drugs was found to be anomalous. The insoluble drug showed near case II or zero-order release mechanism. The rate of release was in the decreasing order of caffeine, acetaminophen, theophylline, salicylic acid and indomethacin. An increase in release kinetics of drug was observed on blending with diluents. However, the rate of release varied with type and amount of blend in the matrix. The mechanism of release due to effect of diluents was found to be anomalous. The rate of release of drug decreased on partial cross-linking and the mechanism of release was found to be super case II.
Single ended 6T SRAM with isolated read-port for low-power embedded systems

This paper presents a six-transistor (6T) single-ended static random access memory (SE-SRAM) bitcell with an isolated read-port, suitable for low-VDD and low-power embedded applications. The proposed bitcell has a better static noise margin (SNM) and write-ability compared to a standard 6T bitcell and equivalent to an 8T bitcell [1]. An 8Kbit SRAM module with the proposed and standard 6T bitcells is simulated, including full blown parasitics using BPTM, 65 nm CMOS technology node to evaluate and compare different performance parameters. The active power dissipation in the proposed 6T design is 28% and 25% less, compared to standard 6T and 8T SRAM modules respectively.
Dynamics of Public Commitments in Dialogue

This paper present a dynamic semantics for dialogue in terms of commitments. this semantics is used to provide a model theoretic treatment of ambiguity and its effects on the evolutions of commitments as a dialogue proceeds. A first semantics ensures common commitments and has a simple logic for which a complete axiomatization is provided. On the other hand, it poses difficulties for the analysis of particular dialogue moves, in particular acknowledgments, and of disputes. A second semantics that addresses these difficulties
Cancer-associated metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate accumulates in acute myelogenous leukemia with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), are present in most gliomas and secondary glioblastomas, but are rare in other neoplasms. IDH1/2 mutations are heterozygous, and affect a single arginine residue. Recently, IDH1 mutations were identified in 8% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. A glioma study revealed that IDH1 mutations cause a gain-of-function, resulting in the production and accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Genotyping of 145 AML biopsies identified 11 IDH1 R132 mutant samples. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite screening revealed increased 2-HG levels in IDH1 R132 mutant cells and sera, and uncovered two IDH2 R172K mutations. IDH1/2 mutations were associated with normal karyotypes. Recombinant IDH1 R132C and IDH2 R172K proteins catalyze the novel nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)–dependent reduction of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-HG. The IDH1 R132C mutation commonly found in AML reduces the affinity for isocitrate, and increases the affinity for NADPH and α-KG. This prevents the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-KG, and facilitates the conversion of α-KG to 2-HG. IDH1/2 mutations confer an enzymatic gain of function that dramatically increases 2-HG in AML. This provides an explanation for the heterozygous acquisition of these mutations during tumorigenesis. 2-HG is a tractable metabolic biomarker of mutant IDH1/2 enzyme activity.
Ischemia and Reperfusion Induce Differential Expression of Calpastatin and Its Homologue High Molecular Weight Calmodulin-Binding Protein in Murine Cardiomyocytes

In the heart, calpastatin (Calp) and its homologue high molecular weight calmodulin-binding protein (HMWCaMBP) regulate calpains (Calpn) by inhibition. A rise in intracellular myocardial Ca2+ during cardiac ischemia activates Calpn thereby causing damage to myocardial proteins, which leads to myocyte death and consequently to loss of myocardial structure and function. The present study aims to elucidate expression of Calp and HMWCaMBP with respect to Calpn during induced ischemia and reperfusion in primary murine cardiomyocyte cultures. Ischemia and subsequently reperfusion was induced in ∼80% confluent cultures of neonatal murine cardiomyocytes (NMCC). Flow cytometric analysis (FACS) has been used for analyzing protein expression concurrently with viability. Confocal fluorescent microscopy was used to observe protein localization. We observed that ischemia induces increased expression of Calp, HMWCaMBP and Calpn. Calpn expressing NMCC on co-expressing Calp survived ischemic induction compared to NMCC co-expressing HMWCaMBP. Similarly, living cells expressed Calp in contrast to dead cells which expressed HMWCaMBP following reperfusion. A significant difference in the expression of Calp and its homologue HMWCaMBP was observed in localization studies during ischemia. The current study adds to the existing knowledge that HMWCaMBP could be a putative isoform of Calp. NMCC on co-expressing Calp and Calpn-1 survived ischemic and reperfusion inductions compared to NMCC co-expressing HMWCaMBP and Calpn-1. A significant difference in expression of Calp and HMWCaMBP was observed in localization studies during ischemia.
Rectangle Counting in Large Bipartite Graphs

Rectangles are the smallest cycles (i.e., cycles of length 4) and most elementary sub-structures in a bipartite graph. Similar to triangle counting in uni-partite graphs, rectangle counting has many important applications where data is modeled as bipartite graphs. However, efficient algorithms for rectangle counting are lacking. We propose three different types of algorithms to cope with different data volumes and the availability of computing resources. We verified the efficiency of our algorithms with experiments on both large real-world and synthetic bipartite graphs.