Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Persian Version of Dichotic Emotional Word Test

Introduction: Emotional words in comparison with neutral words have different hemispheric specialization. It is assumed that the right hemisphere has a role in processing every kind of emotional word. The objective of the present study was the development of a Persian version of the dichotic emotional word test and evaluate its validation among adult Persian speakers. Materials and Methods: The present study was done on 60 adults, with the age ranging from 18-30 years for both genders, who had no history of neurological disorders with normal hearing. The developed test included eight main lists; each had several dichotic emotional/ neutral pairs of words. Participants were asked to recall as many words in each list as they could after they listened to them. A content validity index was used to analyze the validity of the test. Results: The mean content validity index score was 0.94. The findings showed that in the left ear, emotional words were remembered more than neutral ones (P=0.007). While in the right ear, neutral words were remembered more (P=0.009). There were no significant differences in male and female scores. Conclusion: Dichotic emotional word test has a high content validity. The ability to remember emotional words better in the left ear supports the dominant role of the right hemisphere in emotional word perception.
The Effects of a Photoionizing Ultraviolet Background on the Formation of Disk Galaxies

We use high-resolution N-body/gasdynamical simulations to investigate the effects of a photoionizing UV background on the assembly of disk galaxies in hierarchically clustering universes. We focus on the mass and rotational properties of gas that can cool to form centrifugally supported disks in dark matter halos of different mass. Photoheating can significantly reduce the amount of gas that can cool in galactic halos. Depending on the strength of the UV background field, the amount of cooled gas can be reduced by up to 50% in systems with circular speeds in the range 80-200 km s-1. The magnitude of the effect, however, is not enough to solve the “overcooling” problem that plagues hierarchical models of galaxy formation if the UV background is chosen to be consistent with estimates based on recent observations of QSO absorption systems. Photoionization has little effect on the collapse of gas at high redshift and affects preferentially gas that is accreted at late times. Since disks form inside-out, accreting higher angular momentum gas at later times, disks formed in the presence of a UV background have spins that are even smaller than those formed in simulations that do not include the effects of photoionization. This exacerbates the angular momentum problem that afflicts hierarchical models of disk formation. We conclude that photoionization cannot provide the heating mechanism required to reconcile hierarchically clustering models with observations. Energy feedback and enrichment processes from the formation and evolution of stars must therefore be indispensable ingredients for any successful hierarchical model of the formation of disk galaxies.
Arterial stiffness and inflammation in patients on hemodialysis

Objective: Arterial stiffness and inflammation may contribute to enhanced cardiovascular mortality of dialyzed patients.Our aim was the examination of the association between inflammatory factors, arterial stiffening and cardiovascular complications in patients on permanent hemodialysis modalities. Methods: We studied 76 dialyzed patients, 47 males and 29 females.Patients were separated as regular haemodialysis (HD, n=34) and predilution haemodiafiltration (HDF, n=42) according to treatment modalities.Cardiovascular disease was defined by coronary disease (CD) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Arterial stiffness was measured as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) and pulse pressure (PP) was derived.Beta2-microglobulin (beta2M), insulin, leptin, i-PTH concentrations were measured using immunoradioassay.Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and hsCRP were measured by ELISA.Serum bicarbonate concentrations were measured using a blood gas analyzer and the ratio of cholesterol / HDL were calculated. Results: The patients with CD and the patients with PVD presented significantly higher PP and cfPWV, than those without CD or PVD.We observed significantly positive association between cfPWV, PP, age and hsCRP (p<0.05), without multicollinearity.Serum bicarbonate concentrations were inversely associated with both, c-fPWV and hsCRP (r=-0.719, p=0.001 and r=-0.349, p=0.01 respectively). hsCRP was positively correlated with leptin concentrations (r=0.283, p=0.02) and MCP-1 with the ratio chol/HDL (r=0.277, p=0.01). Conclusions: hsCRP, as an inflammatory marker, associated with leptin concentrations, may contribute to arterial stiffness of patients on hemodialysis with cardiovascular complications.Uremic acidosis promoting the inflammation may contribute to arterial stiffness.MCP-1 was mainly associated with lipid concentrations © 2012 GESDAV
Sources of information-seeking on sexually transmitted infections and safer sex by older heterosexual Australian men and women

ABSTRACT Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have risen among older people in Australia and other countries. To guide future initiatives, we examined sources of information that older people use or are willing to use for knowledge about safer sex and STIs, including whether there are any gender differences. A total of 2137 Australian adults aged 60+ years completed a nationwide survey. Analyses focused on participants who were at risk of an STI (n = 686; 220 women and 466 men). Overall, information-seeking on STIs in the last year was low (18% men; 15% women). When sought, common sources included general media outlets (e.g., magazines, TV), healthcare providers (HCPs), and the Internet. HCPs were the most relied upon source among both women and men. Brochures, websites, and HCPs were rated highest as future sources; however, women indicated they were more willing than men to have information provided by brochures and websites. STI information-seeking was generally low, but there was willingness among both men and women to use a range of sources for gaining future information.
Dispersal potential and population genetic structure in the marine intertidal of the eastern North Pacific

Population genetic theory and empirical comparisons of sister and sympatric marine species show that life history traits related to dispersal, such as pelagic duration (PD), should affect the frequency and spatial scale of migration, and thus influence population genetic structure. However, recent global analyses have concluded that PD is poorly correlated with marine population genetic structure. Here, we identify and compare genetic structure between four pairs of synchronously diverging co-distributed (SDC) species, drawn from standardized analyses of eight eastern North Pacific rocky intertidal invertebrates and one macrophyte. We test two hypotheses: H0, that species with similar dispersal potential have similar population genetic structure, and H1, that species with higher dispersal potential have lower population genetic differentiation. We find that differences in census population size (Nc), fecundity (F), and PD are sufficient to explain measured differences in population genetic structure (ϕST,.
Time-trends and circumstances surrounding ankle injuries in men's professional football: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study

Background Ankle injury is common in football, but the circumstances surrounding them are not well characterised. Aim To investigate the rates, especially time-trends, and circumstances of ankle injuries in male professional football. Methods 27 European clubs with 1743 players were followed prospectively between 2001/2002 and 2011/2012. Time loss injuries and individual-player exposure during training sessions and matches were recorded. Injury rate was defined as the number of injuries/1000 h. Results A total of 1080 ankle injuries were recorded (13% of all injuries) with lateral ligament ankle sprain being the most common injury subtype (51% of all ankle injuries). The rates of ankle injury and ankle sprain were 1/1000 h and 0.7/1000 h, respectively. The ankle sprain rate declined slightly over time during the 11-year study period (on average 3.1%/season) with a statistically significant seasonal trend (p=0.041). Foul play according to the referee was involved in 40% of the match-related ankle sprains. Syndesmotic sprains and ankle impingement were uncommon causes of time loss (3% each of all ankle injuries). Conclusions Lateral ligament ankle sprain constituted half of all ankle injuries in male professional football, whereas ankle impingement syndromes were uncommon. The ankle sprain rate decreased slightly over time, but many ankle sprains were associated with foul play. Our data extend the body of literature that provides football policy makers with a foundation to review existing rules and their enforcement.
Model-driven restricted-domain adaptation of question answering systems for business intelligence

Business Intelligence (BI) applications no longer limit their analysis to structured databases, but they also need to obtain actionable information from unstructured sources (e.g. data from the Web, etc.). Interestingly, Question Answering (QA) systems are good candidates for these purposes, since they allow users to obtain concise answers to questions stated in natural language from a collection of text documents. Traditionally, QA systems include patterns for dealing with a large spectrum of general questions, namely open-domain question answering (ODQA). However, BI users should be aware of asking questions related to a specific activity of the business (e.g. healthcare, agricultural, transportation, etc.). Therefore, adapting ODQA systems to new restricted domains is an increasingly necessity for these systems to be precisely used in BI. Unfortunately, research addressing this topic has two main drawbacks: (i) patterns are manually tuned, which requires a huge effort in time and cost, and (ii) tuning of patterns is based on analyzing potential questions to be answered, which is not a realistic situation since, in restricted domains, questions are highly complex and difficult to be acquired. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper presents a novel approach based on model-driven development in order to use knowledge resources to automatically and effortlessly adapt patterns of ODQA systems to be useful for restricted-domain BI scenarios.
Alternans and higher-order rhythms in an ionic model of a sheet of ischemic ventricular muscle.

Life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation often occur during acute myocardial ischemia. During the first few minutes following coronary occlusion, there is a gradual rise in the extracellular concentration of potassium ions ([K(+)](0)) within ischemic tissue. This elevation of [K(+)](0) is one of the main causes of the electrophysiological changes produced by ischemia, and has been implicated in inducing arrhythmias. We investigate an ionic model of a 3 cmx3 cm sheet of normal ventricular myocardium containing an ischemic zone, simulated by elevating [K(+)](0) within a centrally-placed 1 cmx1 cm area of the sheet. As [K(+)](0) is gradually raised within the ischemic zone from the normal value of 5.4 mM, conduction first slows within the ischemic zone and then, at higher [K(+)](0), an arc of block develops within that area. The area distal to the arc of block is activated in a delayed fashion by a retrogradely moving wavefront originating from the distal edge of the ischemic zone. With a further increase in [K(+)](0), the point eventually comes where a very small increase in [K(+)](0) (0.01 mM) results in the abrupt transition from a global period-1 rhythm to a global period-2 rhythm in the sheet. In the peripheral part of the ischemic zone and in the normal area surrounding it, there is an alternation of action potential duration, producing a 2:2 response. Within the core of the ischemic zone, there is an alternation between an action potential and a maintained small-amplitude response ( approximately 30 mV in height). With a further increase of [K(+)](0), the maintained small-amplitude response turns into a decrementing subthreshold response, so that there is 2:1 block in the central part of the ischemic zone. A still further increase of [K(+)](0) leads to a transition in the sheet from a global period-2 to a period-4 rhythm, and then to period-6 and period-8 rhythms, and finally to a complete block of propagation within the ischemic core. When the size of the sheet is increased to 4 cmx4 cm (with a 2 cmx2 cm ischemic area), one observes essentially the same sequence of rhythms, except that the period-6 rhythm is not seen. Very similar sequences of rhythms are seen as [K(+)](0) is increased in the central region (1 or 2 cm long) of a thin strand of tissue (3 or 4 cm long) in which propagation is essentially one-dimensional and in which retrograde propagation does not occur. While reentrant rhythms resembling tachycardia and fibrillation were not encountered in the above simulations, well-known precursors to such rhythms (e.g., delayed activation, arcs of block, two-component upstrokes, retrograde activation, nascent spiral tips, alternans) were seen. We outline how additional modifications to the ischemic model might result in the emergence of reentrant rhythms following alternans. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.
Reading Derived Words by Italian Children With and Without Dyslexia: The Effect of Root Length

Children with dyslexia are extremely slow at reading long words but they are faster with stimuli composed of roots and derivational suffixes (e.g., CASSIERE, ‘cashier’) than stimuli not decomposable in morphemes (e.g., CAMMELLO, ‘camel’). The present study assessed whether root length modulates children’s morphological processing. For typically developing readers, root activation was expected to be higher for longer than shorter roots because longer roots are more informative access units than shorter ones. By contrast, readers with dyslexia were not expected to be facilitated by longer roots because these roots might exceed dyslexics’ processing capacities. Two groups of Italian 6th graders, with and without dyslexia, read aloud low-frequency derived words, with familiar roots and suffixes. Word reaction times (RTs) and mispronunciations were recorded. Linear mixed-effects regression analyses on RTs showed the inhibitory effect of word length and the facilitating effect of root frequency for both children with and without dyslexia. Root length predicted RTs of typically developing readers only, with faster RTs for longer roots, over and above the inhibitory effect of word length. Furthermore, typically developing children had faster RTs on words with more frequent suffixes while children with dyslexia were faster when roots had a small family size. Generalized linear regression analyses on accuracy showed facilitating effects of word frequency and suffix frequency, for both groups. The large word length effect on latencies confirmed laborious whole-word processing in children when reading low-frequency derived words. The absence of a word frequency effect along with the facilitating effect of root frequency indicated morphemic processing in all readers. The reversed root length effect in typically developing readers pointed to a stronger activation for longer roots in keeping with the idea that these represent particularly informative units for word decoding. For readers with dyslexia the facilitating effect of root frequency (not modulated by root length) confirmed a pervasive benefit of root activation while the lack of root length modulation indicated that the longest roots were for them too large units to be processed within a single fixation.
Mitochondria, Calcium, and Calpain are Key Mediators of Resveratrol-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer

Resveratrol (RES), a natural plant polyphenol, has gained interest as a nontoxic chemopreventive agent capable of inducing tumor cell death in a variety of cancer types. However, the early molecular mechanisms of RES-induced apoptosis are not well defined. Using the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, we demonstrate that RES is antiproliferative and induces apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Preceding apoptosis, RES instigates a rapid dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential by directly targeting mitochondria. This is followed by release of cytochrome c and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) into the cytoplasm and substantial increase in the activities of caspases-9 and -3 in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, live cell microscopy demonstrates that RES causes an early biphasic increase in the concentration of free intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), probably resulting from depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum stores in breast cancer cells. In caspase-3–deficient MCF-7 cells, apoptosis is mediated by the Ca2+-activated protease, calpain, leading to the degradation of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1 and fodrin; the degradation is attenuated by buffering [Ca2+]i and blocked by calpain inhibitors. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore antagonists also blocked calpain activation. In vivo mouse xenograft studies demonstrate that RES treatment inhibits breast cancer growth with no systemic toxicities. Together, these results suggest a critical role for mitochondria not only in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway but also in the Ca2+ and calpain-dependent cell death initiated by RES. Thus, RES may prove useful as a nontoxic alternative for breast cancer treatment.
The Connection from Cortical Area V1 to V5: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Area V5 (middle temporal) in the superior temporal sulcus of macaque receives a direct projection from the primary visual cortex (V1). By injecting anterograde tracers (biotinylated dextran andPhaseolus vulgaris lectin) into V1, we have examined the synaptic boutons that they form in V5 in the electron microscope. Nearly 80% of the target cells in V5 were spiny (excitatory). The boutons formed asymmetric (Gray’s type 1) synapses with spines (54%), dendrites (33%), and somata (13%). All somatic targets and some (26%) of the target dendritic shafts showed features characteristic of smooth (inhibitory) cells. Each bouton formed, on average, 1.7 synapses. The larger boutons formed multiple synapses with the same neuron and completely enveloped the entire spine head. On most dendritic shafts and all somata the postsynaptic density en face was disk-shaped but in about half the cases the reconstructed postsynaptic densities of synapses on spines appeared as complete or partial annuli. Even in the zones of densest innervation only 3% of the asymmetric synapses were formed by the labeled boutons. Although the V1 projection forms only a small minority of synapses in V5, its affect could be considerably amplified by local circuits in V5, in a way analogous to the amplification of the small thalamic input to area V1.
Estimation of Vehicle Speed Based on Asynchronous Data from a Silicon Retina Optical Sensor

This work presents an embedded optical sensory system for traffic monitoring and vehicles speed estimation based on a neuromorphic "silicon-retina" image sensor, and the algorithm developed for processing the asynchronous output data delivered by this sensor. The main purpose of these efforts is to provide a flexible, compact, low-power and low-cost traffic monitoring system which is capable of determining the velocity of passing vehicles simultaneously on multiple lanes. The system and algorithm proposed exploit the unique characteristics of the image sensor with focal-plane analog preprocessing. These features include sparse asynchronous data output with high temporal resolution and low latency, high dynamic range and low power consumption. The system is able to measure velocities of vehicles in the range 20 to 300 km/h on up to four lanes simultaneously, day and night and under variable atmospheric conditions, with a resolution of 1 km/h. Results of vehicle speed measurements taken from a test installation of the system on a four-lane highway are presented and discussed. The accuracy of the speed estimate has been evaluated on the basis of calibrated light-barrier speed measurements. The speed estimation error has a standard deviation of 2.3 km/h and near zero mean
Gesturing Saves Cognitive Resources When Talking About Nonpresent Objects

In numerous experimental contexts, gesturing has been shown to lighten a speaker's cognitive load. However, in all of these experimental paradigms, the gestures have been directed to items in the "here-and-now. " This study attempts to generalize gesture's ability to lighten cognitive load. We demonstrate here that gesturing continues to confer cognitive benefits when speakers talk about objects that are not present, and therefore cannot be directly indexed by gesture. These findings suggest that gesturing confers its benefits by more than simply tying abstract speech to the objects directly visible in the environment. Moreover, we show that the cognitive benefit conferred by gesturing is greater when novice learners produce gestures that add to the information expressed in speech than when they produce gestures that convey the same information as speech, suggesting that it is gesture's meaningfulness that gives it the ability to affect working memory load.
Two Distinct Repressive Mechanisms for Histone 3 Lysine 4 Methylation through Promoting 3′-End Antisense Transcription

Histone H3 di- and trimethylation on lysine 4 are major chromatin marks that correlate with active transcription. The influence of these modifications on transcription itself is, however, poorly understood. We have investigated the roles of H3K4 methylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by determining genome-wide expression-profiles of mutants in the Set1 complex, COMPASS, that lays down these marks. Loss of H3K4 trimethylation has virtually no effect on steady-state or dynamically-changing mRNA levels. Combined loss of H3K4 tri- and dimethylation results in steady-state mRNA upregulation and delays in the repression kinetics of specific groups of genes. COMPASS-repressed genes have distinct H3K4 methylation patterns, with enrichment of H3K4me3 at the 3′-end, indicating that repression is coupled to 3′-end antisense transcription. Further analyses reveal that repression is mediated by H3K4me3-dependent 3′-end antisense transcription in two ways. For a small group of genes including PHO84, repression is mediated by a previously reported trans-effect that requires the antisense transcript itself. For the majority of COMPASS-repressed genes, however, it is the process of 3′-end antisense transcription itself that is the important factor for repression. Strand-specific qPCR analyses of various mutants indicate that this more prevalent mechanism of COMPASS-mediated repression requires H3K4me3-dependent 3′-end antisense transcription to lay down H3K4me2, which seems to serve as the actual repressive mark. Removal of the 3′-end antisense promoter also results in derepression of sense transcription and renders sense transcription insensitive to the additional loss of SET1. The derepression observed in COMPASS mutants is mimicked by reduction of global histone H3 and H4 levels, suggesting that the H3K4me2 repressive effect is linked to establishment of a repressive chromatin structure. These results indicate that in S. cerevisiae, the non-redundant role of H3K4 methylation by Set1 is repression, achieved through promotion of 3′-end antisense transcription to achieve specific rather than global effects through two distinct mechanisms.