Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Pain Management Pearls: A Focused Review for the Hospital Clinician

Acute pain management is a challenging area encountered by inpatient clinicians every day. While patient care is increasingly complex and costly in this realm, the availability of applicable specialists is waning. This narrative review seeks to support diverse hospital-based healthcare providers in refining and updating their acute pain management knowledge base through clinical pearls and point-of-care resources. Practical guidance is provided for the design and adjustment of inpatient multimodal analgesic regimens, including conventional and burgeoning non-opioid and opioid therapies. The importance of customized care plans for patients with preexisting opioid tolerance, chronic pain, or opioid use disorder is emphasized, and current recommendations for inpatient management of associated chronic therapies are discussed. References to best available guidelines and literature are offered for further exploration. Improved clinician attention and more developed skill sets related to acute pain management could significantly benefit hospitalized patient outcomes and healthcare resource utilization.
Research of Low-Temperature Performance of Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt

Polyphosphoric acid (PPA) modifier, which can effectively improve the rheological properties of asphalt, is widely used in pavement engineering. In order to accurately evaluate the low-temperature performance of PPA-modified asphalt, in this study, PPA-modified asphalt and PPA/SBR-modified asphalt were prepared. The modification mechanism was explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Bending Beam Rheology (BBR) test was carried out, and four indexes, including K index, viscous flow (η1), low-temperature integrated flexibility (Jc), and relaxation time (λ), were obtained by combining the Burgers model. The optimal low-temperature performance evaluation index of modified asphalt was determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The test results show that PPA addition to asphalt will produce chemical reactions, which can effectively improve the compatibility between SBR and neat asphalt. In the multi-index evaluation based on K, η1, Jc, and λ, the same optimum content of PPA was obtained. AHP analysis further demonstrates that Jc is the optimal evaluation index for laboratory research on the low-temperature performance of PPA-modified asphalt, and λ index is the ideal evaluation index for the low-temperature performance of asphalt in engineering applications.
GLUE Code: A framework handling communication and interfaces between scales

1 Center for Non-Linear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545 NM, USA 2 Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES) Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545 NM, USA 3 Computer, Computational and Statistical Sciences (CCS) Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545 NM, USA 4 Fusion Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA 5 Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545 NM, USA ¶ Corresponding author DOI: 10.21105/joss.04822
Mass spectrometry imaging advances and application in pharmaceutical research

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been shown to be a valuable tool through nearly every stage of the preclinical drug research and development (R&D) pipeline, and even to the early phase of clinical pharmaceutical evaluation. MSI can specifically resolve distributions of a parent drug and its metabolic products across dosed specimens without loss of spatial information, thus facilitating the direct observation of a drug’s pharmacokinetic processes, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. MSI can simultaneously visualize hundreds of phenotype molecules, including proteins, glycans, metabolites, and lipids, which have unique distribution patterns and biofunctions across different physiologic regions. This featured specificity in the chemical and physical spaces empowers MSI as an ideal analytical technique in exploring a drug’s pharmacodynamic properties, including in vitro/in vivo efficacy, safety, potential toxicity, and possible molecular mechanism. The application of MSI in pharmaceutical research has also been expanded from the conventional dosed tissue analysis to the front end of the preclinical drug R&D pipeline, such as investigating the structure-activity relationship, high-throughput in vitro screening, and ex vivo studies on single cells, organoids, or tumor spheroids. This review summarizes MSI application in pharmaceutical research accompanied by its technical and methodologic advances serving this central demand.
Evaluation of experimental, computational, molecular docking and dynamic simulation of flucytosine

Abstract Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine), a fluorine derivative of pyrimidine, has been studied both experimentally and quantum chemically. To obtain the optimized structure, vibrational frequencies and other various parameters, the B3LYP method with a 6-311++G(d,p) basis set was used. Atom-in-molecule theory was used to calculate the binding energies, ellipticity and isosurface projection by electron localization of the molecule (AIM). In addition, the computational results from IR and Raman were compared with the experimental spectra. NBO analysis was used to analyze the donor and acceptor interactions. To know the reactive region of the molecule, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and Fukui functions were determined. The UV-Vis spectrum calculated by the TD-DFT/PCM method was also compared with the experimentally determined spectrum. The HOMO-LUMO energy outcomes proved that there was a good charge exchange occurring within the molecule. With DMSO and MeOH as the solvents, maps of the hole and electron density distribution (EDD and HDD) were produced in an excited state. An electrophilicity index parameter was looked at to theoretically test the bioactivity of the compound. To find the best ligand-protein interactions, molecular docking was also carried out with various receptor proteins. In order to verify the inhibitory potency for the receptor protein complex predicted by docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies, the binding free energy of the receptor protein complex was calculated. Using the MM/GBSA technique, we determined the docked complex’s binding free energy. To confirm the molecule’s drug similarity, a biological drug similarity investigation was also executed. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
DOME-SHAPED EUV WAVES FROM ROTATING ACTIVE REGIONS

Recent STEREO observations enabled the study of the properties of EUV waves in more detail. They were found to have a three-dimensional (3D) dome-shaped structure. We investigate, by means of 3D MHD simulations, the formation of EUV waves as the result of the interaction of twisted coronal magnetic loops. The numerical simulation is initialized with an idealized dipolar active region and is performed under coronal (low β) conditions. A sheared rotational motion is applied to the central parts of both the positive and negative flux regions at the photosphere so that the flux tubes in between them become twisted. We find that the twisting motion results in a dome-shaped structure followed in space by a dimming and in time by an energy release (flare). The rotation of the sunspots is the trigger of the wave which initially consists of two fronts that later merge together. The resulting EUV wave propagates nearly isotropically on the disk and ∼2 times faster in the upward direction. The initial stage of the evolution is determined by the driver, while later the wave propagates freely with a nearly Alfvénic speed.
Experimental study of an SF6 Brillouin amplifier pumped by KrF laser radiation

Experimental measurements are presented of the gain for a backward Brillouin amplifier using SF6 gas, in the pressure range of 3–10 atm, pumped by KrF laser radiation. A small signal gain of 6×10−4 cm MW−1, pump depletion of 20%, and an intensity gain of 2.5 have been demonstrated.
Golgi screen identifies the RhoGEF Solo as a novel regulator of RhoB and endocytic transport

The control of intracellular membrane trafficking by Rho GTPases is central to cellular homeostasis. How specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase‐activating proteins locally balance GTPase activation in this process is nevertheless largely unclear. By performing a microscopy‐based RNAi screen, we here identify the RhoGEF protein Solo as a functional counterplayer of DLC3, a RhoGAP protein with established roles in membrane trafficking. Biochemical, imaging and optogenetics assays further uncover Solo as a novel regulator of endosomal RhoB. Remarkably, we find that Solo and DLC3 control not only the activity, but also total protein levels of RhoB in an antagonistic manner. Together, the results of our study uncover the first functionally connected RhoGAP‐RhoGEF pair at endomembranes, placing Solo and DLC3 at the core of endocytic trafficking.
Sphere packing in R 3

The following theorem shows that when packing unit spheres in a large box the spheres occupy at most about 0.7784 of the volume of the box. This improves Rogers' bound [2], which is approximately 0.7796. In the most efficient known packing the ratio is about 0.7405. The box in the theorem could be any bounded solid. Then the ( l + 2)( m + 2)( n + 2) becomes the volume of a larger solid all of whose boundary points are at least one unit away from the original solid. At the start of the proof the even larger box could be replaced with a large ball concentric with and radius five units larger than some ball containing the original solid.
Spatial-temporal variability of coastline in Bohai Rim based on fractal dimension

This paper extracted the spatial distribution of the continental coastline of Bohai Rim utilizing Remote Sensing and GIS spatial analysis techniques, and calculated the fractal dimension of the coastline by boxcounting method, with a time from 1990 to 2010. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of spatialtemporal variability of the coastline's length and fractal dimension, the relationship between the large scales length change and fractal dimension change. During the research period, the coastline length of the study area increased progressively and the most significant change in coastline length was found in Tianjin Municipality. Especially after 2000, the coastline length entered a period of rapid growth. In addition, the fractal dimension of the overall coastline of the study area was between the fractal dimensions of the regional coastlines and was close to the maximum fractal dimensions of these regional coastlines. The fractal dimension of the coastline in Bohai Rim was increasing during the research period, large scale project such as ports construction, reduced tortuous degree of the coastline.
Data assimilation for large‐scale spatio‐temporal systems using a location particle smoother

Data assimilation estimates the time evolution of the probability density function (PDF) of state vectors characterising high‐dimensional nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamic systems, making use of available observations. The current best‐practice statistical data assimilation technique – the ensemble Kalman filter – relies on restrictive normality assumptions. The particle filter provides a methodology for estimating these PDFs without requiring these restrictive distributional assumptions using samples drawn from the conditional state PDF given available observations. Unfortunately, particle filter weight collapse is severe when the state and/or observation vectors are high dimensional, making them impractical for systems with a spatial component. We offer a solution to this problem by drawing the required sample from the conditional PDF at each time step using a particle smoother across the spatial locations. A further innovation is the use of meta‐elliptical copulas to provide a general framework for defining the prediction PDFs – one flexible enough to accurately describe the numerical model errors and fast enough to sample to be applicable in practice. The proposed methods perform well compared with other candidate approaches in a 1000 dimensional spatiotemporal simulation study and a real 1750 dimensional marine ecosystem application based on partial differential equations and ocean monitoring data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
There is No Essential Museum

As a museologist, and having worked many years in museums of cultural history and on museum exhibitions, I always find it very inspiring and highly interesting to read well-thought-out texts about actual museum exhibitions, and Søren M. Sindbæk’s (2022) article ‘Pirates in the Age of Populism – New Viking Exhibitions in Stockholm and Copenhagen’ is no exception. Well written, and with a clear stance, Sindbæk gives us a vivid overview, and an engaged review, of two recently opened Scandinavian exhibitions about the Vikings. If museums and museum exhibitions are to have an opportunity to develop, feedback of this sort is highly valuable. Heritage exhibition reviews are – at least in a Swedish context, with the now well-established digital museum magazine Utställningskritik, Exhibition Critique, at the forefront – entering the realm of professional criticism where reviews of literature, art and music have for ages created discussion and sparked debate, and this is just amazing. Sindbæk guides us through the two exhibitions with wit and authority; I have no problem at all in relating to his feeling of ‘metal fatigue’, having seen exhibitions with way too many objects in that material category. Another, more heartbreaking, highlight is Sindbæk’s beautifully-captured reflection on the mounting of a block-lifted child’s grave, the Birka Girl, in the exhibition at the Swedish History Museum. The ‘star of the former exhibition’, Sindbæk (2022:13–14) writes, now seems a bit oddly placed: ‘She is waiting in the corridor as you leave the last room, penned in
A Mountaintop View Requires Minimal Sorting: A Faster Contour Tree Algorithm

Consider a scalar field $f:\mathbb{M} \mapsto \mathbb{R}$, where $\mathbb{M}$ is a triangulated simplicial mesh in $\mathbb{R}^d$. A level set, or contour, at value $v$ is a connected component of $f^{-1}(v)$. As $v$ is changed, these contours change topology, merge into each other, or split. \emph{Contour trees} are concise representations of $f$ that track this contour behavior. The vertices of these trees are the critical points of $f$, where the gradient is zero. The edges represent changes in the topology of contours. It is a fundamental data structure in data analysis and visualization, and there is significant previous work (both theoretical and practical) on algorithms for constructing contour trees. Suppose $\mathbb{M}$ has $n$ vertices, $N$ facets, and $t$ critical points. A classic result of Carr, Snoeyink, and Axen (2000) gives an algorithm that takes $O(n\log n + N\alpha(N))$ time (where $\alpha(\cdot)$ is the inverse Ackermann function). A further improvement to $O(t\log t + N)$ time was given by Chiang et al. All these algorithms involve a global sort of the critical points, a significant computational bottleneck. Unfortunately, lower bounds of $\Omega(t\log t)$ also exist. We present the first algorithm that can avoid the global sort and has a refined time complexity that depends on the contour tree structure. Intuitively, if the tree is short and fat, we get significant improvements in running time. For a partition of the contour tree into a set of descending paths, $P$, our algorithm runs in $O(\sum_{p\in P} |p|\log|p| + t\alpha(t)+N)$ time. This is at most $O(t\log D + N)$, where $D$ is the diameter of the contour tree. Moreover, it is $O(t\alpha(t)+N)$ for balanced trees, a significant improvement over the previous complexity. We also prove lower bounds showing that the $\sum_{p\in P} |p|\log|p|$ complexity is inherent to computing contour trees.
The Fekete-Szegö problem for a class of analytic functions defined by Dziok-Srivastava operator

By using Dziok-Srivastava operator a new subclass of analytic functions generalized k -parabolic starlike functions, denoted by k (cid:1) SP l ; m ð a 1 ; g Þ , is introduced. For this class the Fekete-Szego¨ problem is completely solved. Various known or new special cases of our results are also point out.
Revisiting Non-Coherent Detection of Differential PSK: A Factor Graph Perspective

For non-coherent differential modulated communications, the multiple-symbol differential detection (MSDD) may approach the coherent detection performance by jointly detecting a block of symbols. However, MSDD cannot support large-size block detection due to its complexity exponentially increasing with the block size. Moreover, MSDD assumes that the channel phase is constant over the symbols in a block, which is not realistic. In this letter, we propose to formulate the signal model of non-coherent differential modulated communications by means of a factor graph. Based on the factor graph, we develop a sum-product message-passing algorithm to enable the maximum a posteriori probability detection. Compared with MSDD, the detection complexity of our proposed scheme is linearly proportional to the block size. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can not only achieve the performance of MSDD over the constant-phase channel, but also outperform it over the random-walk phase channel.
MRI observation of dynamic articulatory movements using a synchronized sampling method

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in speech research has, typically, been limited to static, sustainable vocal tract configurations due to the long acquisition times required [e.g., Baer et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 799–828 (1991)]. This work describes the application of a synchronized MRI sampling technique developed for cardiac motion imaging to the visualization of dynamic articulatory movements. Subjects produced 128 repetitions of a target utterance (/tata/ and /kaka/) coincident with audible tone bursts synchronized with gating pulses controlling MRI scanning. During each repetition, 35 scans at 25‐ms intervals were acquired, each scan providing one row of frequency‐domain data for each of the 35 output frames. After repetitive scans were completed, the full sequence was processed to give a 40‐frames‐per‐second midsagittally oriented movie. Analysis of the resulting movies revealed that tongue shapes for the interconsonantal /a/ varied between the two utterance types, indicating a place.
The Features of Multiscale Pseudoframes and Gabor Frames According to Bivariate Filter Functions

The advantages of wavelet analysis and their promising featu-res in various application have attracted a lot of interest and effort in re-cent years. Frame analysis has become popular much later in sampling theory, time-frequency analysis and wavelet theory. In this work, the notion of the binary generalized multiresolution structure (BGMS) of subspace is proposed. The characteristics of binary multiscale pseudof-rames for subspaces is investigated. The construction of a BGMS of Paley-Wiener subspace ofis studied. The pyramid decomposition scheme is obtained based on such a GMS and a sufficient condition for its existence is provided. A constructive method for affine frames of based on a BGMS is established. A method for designing a class of affine bivariate dual frames in bi-dimensional space is presented. The results we obtain gains much improvement.
Observations of Highly Ionized Gas in the Galactic Halo

A sample of high-quality sight lines is studied by means of IUE spectra to study the formation of Si IV, C IV, and N V in the Galaxy and constrain the mechanisms of halo gas formation. High-dispersion IUE spectra are taken for 12 objects to give combined spectra for studying the halo gas along the sight lines. N V absorption is reported in 10 of the sightlines suggesting that hot collisionally ionized gas dominates the Galactic halo. Analyses are conducted to derive the Doppler-spread parameters of the Si IV, C IV, and N V components that are theorized to dominate the collisionally ionized gas. The observed column-density ratios of the high ions are given and shown to be generally constant throughout the Galaxy with no variation according to the distance of the absorbing gas from the Galactic plane. Existing photoionization and collisional models cannot simultaneously predict the column densities and ratios of Si IV, C IV, and N V. It is concluded that the implementation of self-ionization and other mechanisms could make the models more effective.
Review on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity Backed Slot Antennas

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity Backed Slot Antennas (SIW CBSA) are emerging candidates for planar Integrated Circuit (IC) technology in Millimetre-wave (MMW) bands. This peculiar antenna holds the advantage of conventional metallic cavity-backed antennas, with high gain, high front-to-back ratio, and low cross-polarization level. SIW CBSA structures are the best option for planar integration with a low profile and low fabrication cost in the design of MMW systems. This paper discusses various forms of SIW CBSA structures, their operating mechanism, and methods of improving their performance in terms of gain, bandwidth, size reduction, beamforming capability, and multiple bands of operation. From this discussion, we can select the antenna with the required characteristics of gain, dual-band, and dual-polarization suited for present and future-generation applications.
Maximization of signal-to-noise ratio in optical coherence tomography using a depth-dependent matched filter

We discuss and demonstrate the dependence of noise on the signal in time-domain optical coherence tomography (TDOCT). We then derive a depth-dependent matched filter to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio at every pixel in a depth scan (A-scan). We use an empirical estimate of the second order statistics of the noise in OCT images of vascular tissue to implement a depth-dependent filter that is matched to these images. The application of our filter results in an average increase of signal-to-noise ratio of about 7 dB compared to a simple averaging operation. Our filter is not specific to time-domain OCT, but it is applicable to other types of OCT systems.
Atmospheric Kármán Vortex Shedding from Jeju Island, East China Sea: A Numerical Study

AbstractA mesoscale atmospheric numerical model is used to simulate two cases of Karman vortex shedding in the lee of Jeju Island, South Korea, in the winter of 2013. Observed cloud patterns associated with the Karman vortex shedding are successfully reproduced. When the winter monsoon flows out from the Eurasian continent, a convective mixed layer develops through the supply of heat and moisture from the relatively warm Yellow Sea and encounters Jeju Island and dynamical conditions favorable for the formation of lee vortices are realized. Vortices that form behind the island induce updrafts to trigger cloud formation at the top of the convective boundary layer. A sensitivity experiment in which surface drag on the island is eliminated demonstrates that the formation mechanism of the atmospheric Karman vortex shedding is different from that behind a bluff body in classical fluid mechanics.