Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diencephalic temporal order amnesia.

OBJECTIVE: Amnesia for temporal relations may occur without amnesia for content memories. The aim was to determine whether a patient with mild memory loss due to a thalamic lesion had amnesia for temporal relations, and whether the amnesia was specific for particular material. METHODS: A male patient had an isolated right dorsomedial thalamic infarct and resolving amnesia. He was tested on tasks relating to content (what) and temporal (when) memories for both verbal and non-verbal material, three and seven months after his infarct. RESULTS: Three months after his infarct, the man had amnesia for temporal, but not content memories using non-verbal stimuli, and normal performance using verbal stimuli. Seven months after his infarct, he had a normal performance using verbal and non-verbal stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with thalamic lesions may have a material specific amnesia for temporal relations in the absence of amnesia for content.
Acute and Long-Term Effects of Hyperthermia in B16-F10 Melanoma Cells

Objective Hyperthermia uses exogenous heat induction as a cancer therapy. This work addresses the acute and long-term effects of hyperthermia in the highly metastatic melanoma cell line B16-F10. Materials and Methods Melanoma cells were submitted to one heat treatment, 45°C for 30 min, and thereafter were kept at 37°C for an additional period of 14 days. Cultures maintained at 37°C were used as control. Cultures were assessed for the heat shock reaction. Results Immediately after the heat shock, cells began a process of fast degradation, and, in the first 24 h, cultures showed decreased viability, alterations in cell morphology and F-actin cytoskeleton organization, significant reduction in the number of adherent cells, most of them in a process of late apoptosis, and an altered gene expression profile. A follow-up of two weeks after heat exposure showed that viability and number of adherent cells remained very low, with a high percentage of early apoptotic cells. Still, heat-treated cultures maintained a low but relatively constant population of cells in S and G2/M phases for a long period after heat exposure, evidencing the presence of metabolically active cells. Conclusion The melanoma cell line B16-F10 is susceptible to one hyperthermia treatment at 45°C, with significant induced acute and long-term effects. However, a low but apparently stable percentage of metabolically active cells survived long after heat exposure.
Online Submission ID : 0 Exploring brain connectivity with two-dimensional neural maps

We introduce two-dimensional neural maps for exploring connectivity in the brain. For this, we create standard streamtube models from diffusion-weighted brain imaging data sets along with neural paths hierarchically projected into the plane. These planar neural maps combine desirable properties of low-dimensional representations, such as visual clarity and ease of tract-of-interest selection, with the anatomical familiarity of 3D brain models and planar sectional views. We distribute this type of visualization both in a traditional standalone interactive application and as a novel, lightweight web-accessible system. The web interface integrates precomputed neural-path representations into a geographical digital-maps framework with associated labels, metrics, statistics, and linkouts. Anecdotal and quantitative comparisons of the present method with a recently proposed 2D point representation suggest that our representation is more intuitive and easier to use and learn. Similarly, users are faster and more accurate in selecting bundles using the 2D path representation than the 2D point representation. Finally, expert feedback on the web interface suggests that it can be useful for collaboration as well as quick exploration of data.
Imaging protein interactions with bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) in plant and mammalian cells and tissues

FRET is a well established method for cellular and subcellular imaging of protein interactions. However, FRET obligatorily necessitates fluorescence excitation with its concomitant problems of photobleaching, autofluorescence, phototoxicity, and undesirable stimulation of photobiological processes. A sister technique, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), avoids these problems because it uses enzyme-catalyzed luminescence; however, BRET signals usually have been too dim to image effectively in the past. Using a new generation electron bombardment-charge-coupled device camera coupled to an image splitter, we demonstrate that BRET can be used to image protein interactions in plant and animal cells and in tissues; even subcellular imaging is possible. We have applied this technology to image two different protein interactions: (i) dimerization of the developmental regulator, COP1, in plant seedlings; and (ii) CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) in the mammalian nucleus. This advance heralds a host of applications for imaging without fluorescent excitation and its consequent limitations.
Cooperative Wideband Spectrum Sensing Based on Sub-Nyquist Sparse Fast Fourier Transform

This brief presents a novel algorithm to perform cooperative wideband spectrum sensing (CWSS) for cognitive radios (CRs). The proposed algorithm is based on a sub-Nyquist version of the sparse fast Fourier transform (sFFT) algorithm, and it is executed cooperatively by using M identical nodes. In this case, we designed a CWSS circuit based on the proposed algorithm that implements the main functional procedures of the sub-Nyquist sFFT algorithm by using multi-coset sampling and relatively prime sampling rates. According to the verification results, the proposed circuit based on the designed CWSS algorithm is suitable for implementing CWSS in CRs for sparse spectra composed of highly noisy multiband signals, and it improves the performance of previous sub-Nyquist sFFT algorithm and previous sFFT hardware implementation.
An analytical model for spectral peak frequency prediction of substrate noise in CMOS substrates

This paper proposes an analytical model describing the generation of switching current noise in CMOS substrates. The model eliminates the need for SPICE simulations in existing methods by conducting a transient analysis on a generic CMOS inverter and approximating the switching current waveform using a Modified Raised Cosine (MORAC) equation. The proposed model is scalable, easy to implement and capable of predicting the spectral peak frequency of the substrate noise. The validation has been done via simulations and measurements. Good agreement has been found between the modeled and the measured results.
Adaptive Bayesian recognition with multiple evidences

Ensuring robustness in object recognition/pose estimation under a wide variation of environmental parameters, such as illumination, scale, perspective as well as occlusion, is still of a challenge in computer vision. One way to meet this challenge is by using multiple features/evidences that offer their own strengths against particular environmental variations. To this end, methods of how to choose an optimal combination of features/evidences and of how to design an optimal classifier/decision-maker with the assignment of proper weights to the chosen individual features/evidences, for a given environmental parameter reading, are to be addressed. This paper presents a framework of adaptive Bayesian recognition that puts its particular emphasis on addressing the two methods described above while integrating multiple evidences. The novelty of the proposed method lies in 1) an AND/OR graph representation of evidence structure for individual object, representing explicitly a set of combined evidences sufficient for decision, 2) An automatic update of the Bayesian network tables of conditional probabilities based on the current environmental parameters measured, and 3) the incorporation of occlusions into the computation of Bayesian posterior probabilities for decision. The experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of dealing with adverse situations for which conventional methods fail to provide recognition.
MMAC: a new multi-class, multi-label associative classification approach

Building fast and accurate classifiers for large-scale databases is an important task in data mining. There is growing evidence that integrating classification and association rule mining together can produce more efficient and accurate classifiers than traditional classification techniques. In this paper, the problem of producing rules with multiple labels is investigated. We propose a new associative classification approach called multi-class, multi-label associative classification (MMAC). This paper also presents three measures for evaluating the accuracy of data mining classification approaches to a wide range of traditional and multi-label classification problems. Results for 28 different datasets show that the MMAC approach is an accurate and effective classification technique, highly competitive and scalable in comparison with other classification approaches.
Constraint tightness and looseness versus local and global consistency

Constraint networks are a simple representation and reasoning framework with diverse applications. In this paper, we identify two new complementary properties on the restrictiveness of the constraints in a network—constraint tightness and constraint looseness—and we show their usefulness for estimating the level of local consistency needed to ensure global consistency, and for estimating the level of local consistency present in a network. In particular, we present a sufficient condition, based on constraint tightness and the level of local consistency, that guarantees that a solution can be found in a backtrack-free manner. The condition can be useful in applications where a knowledge base will be queried over and over and the preprocessing costs can be amortized over many queries. We also present a sufficient condition for local consistency, based on constraint looseness, that is straightforward and inexpensive to determine. The condition can be used to estimate the level of local consistency of a network. This in turn can be used in deciding whether it would be useful to preprocess the network before a backtracking search, and in deciding which local consistency conditions, if any, still need to be enforced if we want to ensure that a solution can be found in a backtrack-free manner. Two definitions of local consistency are employed in characterizing the conditions: the traditional variable-based notion and a recently introduced definition of local consistency called relational consistency.
Revisiting VTLN using linear transformation on conventional MFCC

In this paper, we revisit the linear transformation for VTLN on conventional MFCC proposed by Sanand et al. in [1], using the idea of band-limited interpolation. The filter-bank is modified to include half-filters at zero and nyquist frequencies, as the full symmetric spectrum is required for performing bandlimited interpolation. In this paper, we show that the filter-bank with half-filters does not affect the recognition performance on clean speech (also shown in [1]), but does affect the recognition performance on noisy speech. This motivated us to revisit the linear transformation for VTLN in [1] and propose modifications to undo the affect of half-filters during the feature extraction. We show through recognition experiments that the proposed modifications to the linear transformation have comparable performance as the conventional VTLN approach, still enabling us to perform VTLN using a linear transformation on conventional MFCC. Index Terms: MFCC, VTLN, Linear Transformation, Speaker Normalization, Automatic Speech Recognition.
Integrating modular avionics: A new role emerges

Traditionally, airplane systems have been designed and implemented in a federated fashion with each system providing for its own needs. A typical airplane system could be made up of one or more black boxes each having its own enclosure and providing for its own power conditioning and cooling needs. I/O signal conditioning and computational processing necessary to provide the intended function is also provided on a box-by-box basis. With each new generation of airplanes, the number of systems increased. Driven by market forces the need grew to reduce weight and electrical power to keep the airplane fuel efficient, cost-effective, and competitive. To address this contradiction, the Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) concept was born. Within IMA architectures, avionics functions share common resources. Multiple black boxes are optimized to the minimum IMA resources necessary. This optimization provides the sought-after weight and power savings, and also provides for a much reduced number of parts to be maintained and controlled. These are all beneficial for the airplane manufacturer and airplane operator. However, MIMA architectures present some unique challenges during their development and integration. This will explore some of the more significant of these integration challenges associated with IMA architectures, including: What is the system? For the supplier whose system has been selected to be hosted on the IMA platform, the boundaries can be unclear. What was once a box with circuit cards and substance has been abstracted to a software application. Connection to other systems or to sensorsteffectors was via airplane wiring. Now, complex in-line electronics modules exist that the supplier knows little or nothing about. For the provider of the IMA platform, the system may be defined as a set of available resources (processing, communication, 1/0, etc.) to be shared by the systems to be hosted. To the airplane manufacturer the system is a working suite of avionics. With the LMA approach: "Who is responsible for ensuring that boundaries and expectations are clearly defined and understood so that nothing gets overlooked? " Who is the system integrator? Within the IMA environment the answer changes depending on your perspective. The supplier of a hosted function may be considered responsible for the integration of their system components. The IMA platform provider may believe they are responsible for the platform elements. The airplane manufacturer wants an integrated solution. With the IMA approach: "Who is responsible for ensuring that the whole is equal to the sum of its parts? " How is the integration of an IMA architecture handled? As more and more of the hosted systems are brought together, IMA architectures can present challenges not seen with federated systems. The nature of IMA architectures requires more of the components to be available and working to allow seemingly simple tasks to take place. With the IMA approach: "Who is responsible for ensuring that this integration is planned and executed in the optimum sequence? "
JavaMOP: Efficient parametric runtime monitoring framework

Runtime monitoring is a technique usable in all phases of the software development cycle, from initial testing, to debugging, to actually maintaining proper function in production code. Of particular importance are parametric monitoring systems, which allow the specification of properties that relate objects in a program, rather than only global properties. In the past decade, a number of parametric runtime monitoring systems have been developed. Here we give a demonstration of our system, JavaMOP. It is the only parametric monitoring system that allows multiple differing logical formalisms. It is also the most efficient in terms of runtime overhead, and very competitive with respect to memory usage.
Effects of a multichannel dynamic functional electrical stimulation system on hemiplegic gait and muscle forces

[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to design and implement a multichannel dynamic functional electrical stimulation system and investigate acute effects of functional electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris on ankle and knee sagittal-plane kinematics and related muscle forces of hemiplegic gait. [Subjects and Methods] A multichannel dynamic electrical stimulation system was developed with 8-channel low frequency current generators. Eight male hemiplegic patients were trained for 4 weeks with electric stimulation of the tibia anterior and rectus femoris muscles during walking, which was coupled with active contraction. Kinematic data were collected, and muscle forces of the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris of the affected limbs were analyzed using a musculoskelatal modeling approach before and after training. A paired sample t-test was used to detect the differences between before and after training. [Results] The step length of the affected limb significantly increased after the stimulation was applied. The maximum dorsiflexion angle and maximum knee flexion angle of the affected limb were both increased significantly during stimulation. The maximum muscle forces of both the tibia anterior and rectus femoris increased significantly during stimulation compared with before functional electrical stimulation was applied. [Conclusion] This study established a functional electrical stimulation strategy based on hemiplegic gait analysis and musculoskeletal modeling. The multichannel functional electrical stimulation system successfully corrected foot drop and altered circumduction hemiplegic gait pattern.
Overexpression of Fas antigen on T cells in advanced HIV-1 infection: differential ligation constantly induces apoptosis

Objectives:To investigate Fas in peripheral lymphocytes from HIV-1-positive patients at different disease stages with respect to the extent of apoptosis. Design:The study included analysis of Fas involvement in T-cell apoptosis observed during HIV-1 infection. Because ligation of Fas can result in costimulation of proliferation or the induction of apoptosis in uninfected cells, we evaluated the effect on T cells of Fas activation by monoclonal antibodies (MAb) of different specificity from both UB2 and CH11 clones and activation by the Fas ligand (Fas-L). Methods:Fas was measured by FACS in peripheral blood and in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-driven cultures derived from 59 HIV-1-positive individuals with different Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stages. The percentage of apoptotic cells was detected by propidium iodide cell staining. The effect of Fas ligation was assessed in peripheral T cells from patients and healthy controls by a proliferative test measuring the 3H-thymidine uptake. Results:FACS analysis revealed that Fas was predominantly expressed in advanced disease, although it was promptly exposed in PHA cultures from asymptomatic individuals. In several instances, Fas overexpression was associated with substantial subdiploid DNA content in cells from severely lymphopenic patients. The proliferative assay showed a significant inhibition of 3H-thymidine uptake in T cells from all patients following Fas ligation by the immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 MAb from the UB2 clone. This was in contrast to the apparent cell activation detected in controls and the weak suppression observed in Fas-positive cell lines. In addition, the IgM anti-Fas and recombinant Fas-L concentrations inducing a moderate inhibition of fresh T cells from controls strongly depressed the proliferative rate of cells from patients. Conclusions:Our data suggest that Fas overexpression parallels the progression of the disease and that the increased susceptibility of T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals to undergo apoptosis may include a Fas pathway. Functionally exhausted T cells in advanced HIV-1 infection are primed to apoptosis because of their high sensitivity to Fas stimulation even using the IgG1 MAb, which is unreactive to the death domain of Fas. This suggests that the increased sensitivity of Fas is apparently unrelated to its trimeric ligation and supports the hypothesis that Fas pathway plays a role in increasing the lymphocyte apoptosis during the disease.
A Comparative Usability Study of Two-Factor Authentication

Two-factor authentication (2F) aims to enhance resilience of password-based authentication by requiring users to provide an additional authentication factor, e.g., a code generated by a security token. However, it also introduces non-negligible costs for service providers and requires users to carry out additional actions during the authentication process. In this paper, we present an exploratory comparative study of the usability of 2F technologies. First, we conduct a pre-study interview to identify popular technologies as well as contexts and motivations in which they are used. We then present the results of a quantitative study based on a survey completed by 219 Mechanical Turk users, aiming to measure the usability of three popular 2F solutions: codes generated by security tokens, one-time PINs received via email or SMS, and dedicated smartphone apps (e.g., Google Authenticator). We record contexts and motivations, and study their impact on perceived usability. We find that 2F technologies are overall perceived as usable, regardless of motivation and/or context of use. We also present an exploratory factor analysis, highlighting that three metrics – ease-of-use, required cognitive efforts, and trustworthiness – are enough to capture key factors affecting 2F usability.
Lumefantrine and Desbutyl-Lumefantrine Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships in Pregnant Women with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar Border

ABSTRACT Artemether-lumefantrine is the most widely used antimalarial artemisinin-based combination treatment. Recent studies have suggested that day 7 plasma concentrations of the potent metabolite desbutyl-lumefantrine correlate better with treatment outcomes than those of lumefantrine. Low cure rates have been reported in pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with artemether-lumefantrine in northwest Thailand. A simultaneous pharmacokinetic drug-metabolite model was developed based on dense venous and sparse capillary lumefantrine and desbutyl-lumefantrine plasma samples from 116 pregnant patients on the Thailand-Myanmar border. The best model was used to evaluate therapeutic outcomes with a time-to-event approach. Lumefantrine and desbutyl-lumefantrine concentrations, implemented in an Emax model, both predicted treatment outcomes, but lumefantrine provided better predictive power. A combined model including both lumefantrine and desbutyl-lumefantrine did not improve the model further. Simulations suggested that cure rates in pregnant women with falciparum malaria could be increased by prolonging the treatment course. (These trials were registered at controlled-trials.com [ISRCTN 86353884].)
Towards mood-oriented interfaces for synchronous interaction

This paper presents an approach to representing emotions in synchronous text-based communication which facilitates setting, conveying and perceiving an intended mood in a continuing fashion. We posit that, while chatting, users typically remain in a continual mood for relatively extended periods of time, as compared to the instantaneous representation provided by mechanisms such as smiley faces and emoticons. In order to explore our hypothesis, we built a prototypical instant messaging environment that provides a persistent representation of mood. This representation is based upon a bi-dimensional valence-arousal model of emotions. We report on initial results that indicate that synchronous text-based communication benefits from this approach.