Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving crisphead lettuce productivity grown under water deficit conditions through biochar and zeolite soil amendments, coupled with foliar stimulant applications under a drip irrigation system

RISPHEAD lettuce, among other vegetable crops, has attained significant importance in current times owing to its widespread consumption. Consequently, it is imperative to establish specialized cultivation programs tailored to Egyptian conditions, aiming to optimize productivity and meet the growing demand for these essential crops. So, two field experiments were conducted over consecutive seasons (2022 and 2023) to evaluate plant performance with varying irrigation treatments (100% and 80% of irrigation requirements IR) under the drip irrigation system. The main plots focused on irrigation levels, while the sub-main plots examined the impact of soil amendments (control, biochar at 0.5-ton fed -1 and zeolite at 0.5-ton fed -1 ). Additionally, sub-sub plots were designated for the application of stimulants, including control (without), arginine (60 mg L -1 ), melatonin (100 mmol L -1 ), and a combined treatment (arginine at 60 mg L -1 + melatonin at 50 mmol L -1 ). This comprehensive approach aims to analyze the combined effects of irrigation, soil amendments, and stimulant application on plant growth parameters and productivity such as fresh and dry weights, leaf area, relative water content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorophyll, carotene, head weight, dry matter, and vitamin C. Also, some enzymatic antioxidants (super oxidase dismutase, peroxidase, and catalyze) and soil properties (available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) were determined. The findings indicated that the application of zeolite and biochar under 80% of irrigation (IR) conditions led to improvements in all studied plant parameters compared to plants cultivated without zeolite and biochar (control) under 100% of IR conditions, with zeolite exhibiting superior effects over biochar. Furthermore, the combined treatment of arginine + melatonin outperformed all other treatments, resulting in maximum values across all studied conditions. Melatonin treatment alone came in second order then arginine treatment alone which ranked higher than the control group (without foliar application). In terms of soil fertility, the post-harvest analysis revealed that zeolite, followed by biochar, contributed to significant improvement. The incorporation of zeolite and biochar into the soil appears to have positively impacted soil fertility parameters, underscoring their potential role in enhancing soil quality and nutrient availability. These findings suggest that both zeolite and biochar can be valuable soil amendments for maintaining or enhancing soil fertility after the cultivation of crisphead lettuce. Also, these results underscore the potential benefits of incorporating zeolite or biochar with soil under reduced irrigation levels and highlight the effectiveness of the combined foliar application of arginine and melatonin in enhancing plant performance.
Bad Data Repair for New Energy Stations in Power System Based on Multi-Model Parallel Integration Approach

The accurate and reliable acquisition of measurement information is very important for the stable operation of power systems, especially the operation status information of new energy stations. With the increasing proportion of new energy stations in power systems, the quality issues of data from these stations, caused by communication congestion, interference, and network attacks, become more pronounced. In this paper, to deal with the issue of low accuracy and poor performance of bad data restoration in new energy stations, a novel deep learning approach by combining the modified long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) is proposed. The proposed method can be implemented in a parallel ensemble way. First, the normal data set acquired from multiple sections of new energy stations is utilized to train the modified LSTM and WGAN-GP model. Secondly, according to the data characteristics and rules captured by each model, the two models are systematically integrated and the bad data repair model pool is constructed. Subsequently, the results of model repair are screened and merged twice by the parallel integration framework to obtain the final repair result. Finally, the extensive experiments are carried out to verify the proposed method. The simulative results of energy stations in a real provincial power grid demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively repair bad data, thereby enhancing the data quality of new energy stations.
Can wave coupling improve operational regional ocean forecasts for the north-west European Shelf?

Abstract. Operational ocean forecasts are typically produced by modelling systems run using a forced mode approach. The evolution of the ocean state is not directly influenced by surface waves, and the ocean dynamics are driven by an external source of meteorological data which are independent of the ocean state. Model coupling provides one approach to increase the extent to which ocean forecast systems can represent the interactions and feedbacks between ocean, waves, and the atmosphere seen in nature. This paper demonstrates the impact of improving how the effect of waves on the momentum exchange across the ocean–atmosphere interface is represented through ocean–wave coupling on the performance of an operational regional ocean prediction system. This study focuses on the eddy-resolving (1.5 km resolution) Atlantic Margin Model (AMM15) ocean model configuration for the north-west European Shelf (NWS) region. A series of 2-year duration forecast trials of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) north-west European Shelf regional ocean prediction system are analysed. The impact of including ocean–wave feedbacks via dynamic coupling on the simulated ocean is discussed. The main interactions included are the modification of surface stress by wave growth and dissipation, Stokes–Coriolis forcing, and wave-height-dependent ocean surface roughness. Given the relevance to operational forecasting, trials with and without ocean data assimilation are considered. Summary forecast metrics demonstrate that the ocean–wave coupled system is a viable evolution for future operational implementation. When results are considered in more depth, wave coupling was found to result in an annual cycle of relatively warmer winter and cooler summer sea surface temperatures for seasonally stratified regions of the NWS. This is driven by enhanced mixing due to waves, and a deepening of the ocean mixed layer during summer. The impact of wave coupling is shown to be reduced within the mixed layer with assimilation of ocean observations. Evaluation of salinity and ocean currents against profile measurements in the German Bight demonstrates improved simulation with wave coupling relative to control simulations. Further, evidence is provided of improvement to simulation of extremes of sea surface height anomalies relative to coastal tide gauges.
The impact of ultrastructural tail abnormalities on sperm motility among infertile men

Background: Asthenozoospermia is a status of low or absent sperm motility in fresh ejaculate. Absolute asthenozoospermia, i.e., 100% immotile sperms, is reported in one of 5000 men. Many factors are involved in impaired sperm motility and in turn male factor infertility. The ultrastructure defects of sperm tail are considered the most important factors that cause severe asthenozoospermia. Aim: To evaluate the ultrastructure abnormalities of the sperm tail in infertile men with severe asthenozoospermia. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 22 asthenozoospermic (total motility < 5%) infertile patients and 10 matched fertile controls. Sperm motility was evaluated by Computer-Aided Semen Analysis (CASA). Ultrastructural defects of the sperm tail were evaluated using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results: Sperm tail defects were evident in 100% of the examined cases in this order of frequency : microtubular disturbance (91%), mitochondrial anomalies (45%), and fibrous sheath dysplasia (9%). Most of the cases showed more than one anomaly. Patients with mitochondria anomalies had the least total motility (1.93±1.73), while patients with microtubular disturbance had the highest total motility (3.02±0.53). Moreover, patients with complex anomalies revealed the least total motility (1.5%). Conclusion: Transmission electron microscope is a vital step that should be performed in infertile men with severe asthenozoospermia who are resistant to medical treatment.
Phytophthora capsici the Causal Agent of Phytophthora Blight of Capsicum spp.: From Its Taxonomy to Disease Management

Capsicum , a genus native to tropical and subtropical America, holds immense nutritional, economic and cultural significance due to its diverse species. However, these valuable crops face a constant threat from various diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and especially the notorious Phytophthora capsici . P. capsici , first identified as a pepper pathogen in New Mexico by L.H. Leonian in 1922, is a devastating Oomycete wreaking havoc on vegetable, ornamental and tropical crops worldwide. This pathogen thrives in both temperate and tropical environments and possesses an arsenal of abilities that make it a formidable adversary. P. capsici 's high genetic diversity allows it to readily overcome fungicides and host resistance, while the formation of long-lasting oospores ensures its persistence in soil. Its ability to rapidly differentiate into infectious zoospores in the presence of water fuels epidemics and its broad host range amplifies economic losses and renders crop rotation less effective. The severity of P. capsici -induced diseases and the complex management challenges have spurred extensive research efforts. Here, we delve into recent discoveries regarding the biology, genetic diversity, disease management strategies and effector biology of this formidable Oomycete.
Measurement-based Locational Marginal Prices for Real-time Markets in Distribution Systems

—This paper presents a measurement-based method to calculate distribution locational marginal prices (DLMPs) toward establishing real-time electricity markets that help to support reliable and efﬁcient operation of distribution systems. The calculation of DLMPs typically relies on an accurate and up-to-date distribution network model, but this may not be available in practice. Instead, central to the proposed method is the online estimation of linear sensitivity models that map bus voltages to power injections and to line power ﬂows using only synchrophasor measurements collected at buses interfacing market participants and in lines of interest. The estimated linear models replace the nonlinear power ﬂow constraints in a multi-period look-ahead optimal power ﬂow (OPF) problem, thus obviating the need for an ofﬂine distribution network model in obtaining DLMPs as the optimal Lagrange multipliers of the linear sensitivity constraints. Moreover, the modiﬁed OPF problem with linear constraints is a convex quadratic programming problem, for which computationally efﬁcient solvers are readily available. The resulting DLMPs also embed costs due to potential congestion in certain lines monitored by synchrophasor measurements. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness, adaptability, and scalability of the proposed measurement-based method to establish a real-time market for distributed generation, energy storage devices, and ﬂexible loads.
Influence of sliding wear on contact characteristics based on 3-D wheel/rail contact model

During the process of starting, braking and running of the train, sliding contact between wheel and rail occurs. The wear caused by sliding contact exerts a noteworthy influence on the contact characteristics of wheel/rail. To analyze these characteristics, a three-dimensional wheel/rail contact wear model is established, and the contact characteristics at different wear depths are studied. The results indicate that at initial contact, the wheel/rail contact patch is approximately elliptical in shape and its area is 122.5 mm2. The von Mises stress of the wheel and rail is maximum in the subsurface at a distance of 2 mm from the contact interface, with maximum values of 559 MPa and 628 MPa respectively. When the wear depth is less than 0.5 mm, the wear depth, contact area and size increase quickly. As the amount of wheel contact wear increases, the maximum contact stress gradually decreases and the contact stress becomes uniform. In addition, the calculation results indicate that the contact patch shape does not always remain elliptical, the shape can change from elliptical to rectangular as the wear depth increases. As the increasing of wear amount, the contact stress gradient on the inner side of wheel contact surface increases.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION AND DRIVING FACTORS OF ENERGY ECO-EFFICIENCY IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA DURING 2016-2020: NOVEL EVIDENCE FROM EXPLAINABLE MACHINE LEARNING

Improving energy eco-efficiency is key to promote high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta. In this study, we measured the energy eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta region from 2016 to 2020 using a slacks-based measure model and analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution and the driving factors with the help of data visualization techniques and explainable machine learning algorithms. The results showed that:(1) Energy eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta between 2016 and 2020 showed a U-shaped curve trend. (2) The energy eco-efficiency of cities in the Yangtze River Delta was gradually polarizing, with high-efficiency cities having a more even regional distribution in 2016, but showing a tendency to cluster in the north-central of the Yangtze River Delta in 2020. (3) Among the driving factors, urbanization, human capital, industrial structure, and transport infrastructure had a positive correlation with energy eco-efficiency, with only industrial dependence showing a significant negative correlation with energy eco-efficiency. (4) The coordinated promotion of transport infrastructure development, industrial structure upgrading and human capital enhancement had led to the continuous improvement of energy eco-efficiency in Chuzhou City.
Combining metabolic flux analysis with proteomics to shed light on the metabolic flexibility: the case of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough

Introduction Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the sulfate-reducing bacteria that exhibits highly versatile metabolism. By switching from one energy mode to another depending on nutrients availability in the environments„ it plays a central role in shaping ecosystems. Despite intensive efforts to study D. vulgaris energy metabolism at the genomic, biochemical and ecological level, bioenergetics in this microorganism remain far from being fully understood. Alternatively, metabolic modeling is a powerful tool to understand bioenergetics. However, all the current models for D. vulgaris appeared to be not easily adaptable to various environmental conditions. Methods To lift off these limitations, here we constructed a novel transparent and robust metabolic model to explain D. vulgaris bioenergetics by combining whole-cell proteomic analysis with modeling approaches (Flux Balance Analysis). Results The iDvu71 model showed over 0.95 correlation with experimental data. Further simulations allowed a detailed description of D. vulgaris metabolism in various conditions of growth. Altogether, the simulations run in this study highlighted the sulfate-to-lactate consumption ratio as a pivotal factor in D. vulgaris energy metabolism. Discussion In particular, the impact on the hydrogen/formate balance and biomass synthesis is discussed. Overall, this study provides a novel insight into D. vulgaris metabolic flexibility.
Improving piano music signal recognition through enhanced frequency domain analysis

Feature extraction is a crucial component in the analysis of piano music signals. This article introduced three methods for feature extraction based on frequency domain analysis, namely short-time Fourier transform (STFT), linear predictive cepstral coefficient (LPCC), and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC). An improvement was then made to the MFCC. The inverse MFCC (IMFCC) was combined with mid-frequency MFCC (MidMFCC). The Fisher criterion was used to select the 12-order parameters with the maximum Fisher ratio, which were combined into the F-MFCC feature for recognizing 88 single piano notes through a support vector machine. The results indicated that when compared with the STFT and LPCC, the MFCC exhibited superior performance in recognizing piano music signals, with an accuracy rate of 78.03 % and an F1 value of 85.92 %. Nevertheless, the proposed F-MFCC achieved a remarkable accuracy rate of 90.91 %, representing a substantial improvement by 12.88 % over the MFCC alone. These findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of the designed F-MFCC feature for piano music signal recognition as well as its potential application in practical music signal analysis.
The Mass‐Dimensional Properties of Cirrus Clouds During TC4

Remote sensing retrievals and ice microphysical parameterizations in global climate models typically use assumptions about the distribution of ice mass as a function of particle size using mass‐dimensional (m‐D) relationships. This study investigates the ice crystal m‐D properties of tropical anvil cirrus during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4) to better document the distribution of ice mass with size in this particular class of tropical ice clouds. Two optimal estimation algorithms (XIWC and MZ) are used to estimate the m‐D relationship for each particle size distribution (PSD) collected in situ. The XIWC algorithm minimizes the difference between measured ice water content (IWC) and PSD calculated IWC, while the MZ algorithm minimizes the difference between measured radar reflectivity factors and those calculated from the in situ PSDs. Results from these algorithms are compared to previous studies to establish consistency of the methodologies. The XIWC results show that both parameters in the m‐D relationship increase with temperature. Changes in m‐D with temperature have substantial implications for remote sensing retrievals. With the prefactor varying by a factor of 5 and the exponent varying by some 16% over a typical range of ice cloud temperatures, forward modeling errors in radar reflectivity could be typically in excess of 5 dB, further suggesting that retrievals of IWC and precipitation rates from radar measurements in ice clouds be in error by factors easily exceeding 3.
A Novel of Metamaterial Ultra Compact Reconfigurable Phase Shifter Based on Dual Composite Right Left Handed Structure (D-CRLH)

: A novel ultra-compact dual-band reconfigurable microstrip phase shifter designed by using a dual-composite right/left handed D-CRLH technique of metamaterial is introduced. The paper proposes detailed studies between the simulation and the fabricated prototype results. Moreover, the study of the proposed phase shifter explains a shifting range from 0 ◦ till 360 ◦ by submitting four mounted surface switches in different spots of the fingers. Switches have fixed states shifting to provide the controlling of the requested range. The switches were chosen to be from PIN Diode as it has many compatible characteristics which are explained in the proposed paper. The reconfigurable phase shifter designed with high quality factors and low insertion loss 0.25 and 0.2 at 5.7GHz and 7.5GHz respectively with a very compact size area 8 × 11 . The proposed shifter supports the application of wide band usage especially for network access point, Wi-Fi, WiMAX network, and wireless LAN connections in addition to the application of point to point microwave radio links and X-band of satellite & space communications.
Sedimentary provenance in the southern sector of the São Francisco Basin, SE Brazil

Manuscript ID: 20170061. Received on: 04/28/2017. Approved on: 01/22/2018. ABSTRACT: We present new Sm-Nd, U-Pb and Hf isotope geochronological data for the siliciclastic rocks in the southern sector of the São Francisco Basin. An abrupt change in the Sm-Nd data is observed from the Carrancas Formation’s oligomitic conglomerates (TDM ages between 2.7 and 3.3 Ga; εNd(550 Ma) values between -25.09 and -17.98), its finer facies, and the finer facies of the the Moema Laminite (TDM ages from 1.4 to 2.1 Ga; εNd(550 Ma) values between -9.46 and -5.59). No further significant changes in the Sm-Nd data occur farther upwards in the Bambuí Group (Sm-Nd TDM ages within the 1.3-2.0 Ga interval; εNd(550 Ma) values from -9.53 to -4.09), showing a lack of reorganization in the source areas throughout the deposition of the basin. This is yet another argument to dismiss an unconformity within the Bambuí Group. The presence of the index fossil Cloudina sp. in the lower Sete Lagoas Formation makes the glaciation probably Late Ediacaran in age. U-Pb ages for detrital zircons of the Bambuí Group range from the Archean to the early Ediacaran, but the current data is insufficient to distinguish between the contribution from sources in the Brasília and Araçuaí belts.
A Novel Nondestructive Testing Probe Using AlN-Based Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (PMUTs)

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) usually utilizes conventional bulk piezoelectric transducers as transceivers. However, the complicated preparation and assembly process of bulk piezoelectric ceramics limits the development of NDT probes toward miniaturization and high frequency. In this paper, a 4.4 mm × 4.4 mm aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array is designed, fabricated, characterized, and packaged for ultrasonic pulse–echo NDT of solids for the first time. The PMUT array is prepared based on the cavity silicon-on-insulator (CSOI) process and packaged using polyurethane (PU) material with acoustic properties similar to water. The fabricated PMUT array resonates at 2.183 MHz in air and at around 1.25 MHz after PU encapsulation. The bandwidth of the packaged PMUT receiver (244 kHz) is wider than that of a bulk piezoelectric transducer (179 kHz), which is good for axis resolution improvement. In this work, a hybrid ultrasonic NDT probe is designed using two packaged PMUT receivers and one 1.25 MHz bulk transmitter. The bulk transmitter radiates an ultrasonic wave into the sample, and the defect echo is received by two PMUT receivers. The 2D position of the defect could be figured out by time-of-flight (TOF) difference, and a 30 mm × 65 mm detection area is acquired. This work demonstrates the feasibility of applying AlN PMUTs to ultrasonic NDT of solids and paves the way toward a miniaturized NDT probe using AlN PMUT technology.