Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of Enicostema axillare on mutagenicity of Salmonella typhimurium by increasing free radical scavenging abilities

Context: Enicostema axillare A. Raynal (Gentianaceae) has been used in the traditional Indian system of medicine as a depurative and for the treatment of skin diseases, tumors, intermittent fever, and helminthiasis. Objective: E. axillare was investigated for antimutagenic and antioxidant effects. Materials and methods: The antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of E. axillare fractions were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 against direct-acting mutagens, such as sodium azide (NaN3), 4-nitro-O-phenylene diamine (NPD), and mutagen needing activation, such as 2-aminofluorene (2AF). Toxicity study of these fractions was also performed. Results and discussion: The ethyl acetate fraction showed maximum antimutagenic effect by 88.25 and 84.46% (preincubation) and 85.13 and 84.47% (coincubation) of inhibition against NaN3 and NPD-induced mutagenicity, respectively. Inhibition of S9-dependent mutagens such as 2AF was higher than direct-acting mutagens by the ethyl acetate fraction of E. axillare. It showed 90.25 and 92.00% of inhibition in the preincubation and coincubation experiments. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher total antioxidant capacity (24.79 ± 0.29 µg) and low IC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging assay (192.27 ± 3.67 µg). The overall effect of E. axillare fractions was found to be in the order: ethyl acetate > methanol > hexane in these assays. In subacute toxicity study, with oral administration of these fractions, no marked biochemical and histopathologic changes were observed. Conclusion: The significant antimutagenic and antioxidant activities of E. axillare might provide a scientific validation for the traditional use of this plant.
Buildind a Resource of Patterns Using Semantic Types

While a word in isolation has a high potential of expressing various senses, in certain phrases this potential is restricted up to the point that one and only one sense is possible. A phrase is called sense stable if the senses of all the words compounding it do not change their sense irrespective of the context which could be added to its left or to its right. By comparing sense stable phrases we can extract corpus patterns. These patterns have slots which are filled by semantic types that capture the relevant information for disambiguation. The relationship between slots is such that a chain like disambiguation process is possible. Annotating a corpus with these kinds of patterns is beneficial for NLP, because problems such as data sparseness, noise, learning complexity are alleviated. We evaluate the inter agreement of annotators on examples coming from BNC.
An Industrial Survey on Contemporary Aspects of Software Testing

Software testing is a major source of expense in software projects and a proper testing process is a critical ingredient in the cost-efficient development of high-quality software. Contemporary aspects, such as the introduction of amore lightweight process, trends towards distributed development, and the rapid increase of software in embedded and safety-critical systems, challenge the testing process in unexpected manners. To our knowledge, there are very few studies focusing on these aspects in relation to testing as perceived by different contributors in the software development process. This paper qualitatively and quantitatively analyses data from an industrial questionnaire survey, with a focus on current practices and preferences on contemporary aspects of software testing. Specifically, the analysis focuses on perceptions of the software testing process in different categories of respondents. Categorization of respondents is based on safety-criticality, agility, distribution of development, and application domain. While confirming some of the commonly acknowledged facts, our findings also reveal notable discrepancies between preferred and actual testing practices. We believe continued research efforts are essential to provide guidelines in the adaptation of the testing process to take care of these discrepancies, thus improving the quality and efficiency of the software development.
FlashOver: automated discovery of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in rich internet applications

The last fifteen years have transformed the Web in ways that would seem unimaginable to anyone of the "few" Internet users of the year 1995 [8]. What began as a simple set of protocols and mechanisms facilitating the exchange of static documents between remote computers is now an everyday part of billions' of users life, technical and non-technical alike. The sum of a user's daily experience is composed of open standards, such as HTML, JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets as well as proprietary plugins, such as Adobe's Flash [1] and Microsoft's Silverlight [6].
Normalizing ‘Solutions’ to ‘Government Failure’: Media Representations of Habitat for Humanity

The notion of ‘government failure’ is central to theories of neoliberal normativity. Rather than focusing on ‘market failures’ and their correctives, neoliberalism aims to demonstrate ways that government ‘incompetence’, ‘inefficiency’, and ‘graft’ pollute or completely block the provision of adequate public services. Little work has been done, however, to determine the extent to which this notion has been accepted within the political mainstream, or the ways in which examples have been deployed to highlight or solve ‘government failure’. This study considers the way that one such example, the organization Habitat for Humanity, has been deployed as a challenge to interventionist government and, as such, as an alternative to ‘government failure’. A qualitative and quantitative content analysis of 1427 news articles that included ‘Habitat for Humanity’ from six North American newspapers was conducted to determine the extent to which the organization has become normalized as a viable alternative to state-delivered housing in particular, and Keynesian welfarism in general. The paper adds to the argument that neoliberal assumptions, once the purview of a small cadre of right-wing political economists, have permeated mainstream assumptions about the role of government in the provision of public goods.
ETHNICITY AND JUDGES' SENTENCING DECISIONS: HISPANIC‐BLACK‐WHITE COMPARISONS

This study uses data on Pennsylvania sentencing practices to compare the sentence outcomes of white, black, and Hispanic defendants. Besides the overall more lenient treatment of white defendants, our main finding is that Hispanic defendants are the defendant subgroup most at risk to receive the harshest penalty. This pattern is held across all comparisons—i.e., for both the in/out and term-length decisions and for both drug and nondrug cases. These findings are consistent with the “focal concerns” framework on sentencing and with hypotheses drawn from the writings on prejudice and inter group hostility suggesting that the specific social and historical context facing Hispanic Americans will exacerbate perceptions of their cultural dissimilarity and the “threat” they pose.
Design of terminal sliding mode control system for second-order systems

In many of applications, the finite time stabilization is very important. However, most of control schemes proposed so far have been focused on the verification of asymptotic stability. Recently, terminal sliding mode control systems have been studied to guarantee that the error gets to zero in a finite time. The terminal sliding surface proposed so far used a power function whose exponent is a rational number with an odd number over an odd number. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel terminal sliding surface using power function whose exponent can be a rational numbers between 0 to 1.
Growth index, assessed with Ki‐67 and ssDNA labeling; a significant prognosticator for patients undergoing curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

The aggressiveness and greater malignant potential of cancers are characterized by several biological phenomena such as accelerated growth invasiveness, and the ability to form distant metastasis. Thus, knowledge of such biological difference may be a more accurate prognosticator for cancer patients. Tumor growth depends on the degree of imbalance between cell production and loss. This study aimed to clarify a possible role for the modified prognosticator, growth index (GI); defined as the difference between Ki‐67 (%) and single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) (%) labeling indices, in patients undergoing curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
College Students' Self-Perception of Changes in ADHD Symptoms Over Time: Implications for DSM-V Subtype Schema

Prochaska, J. L. , DiClemente, C. C. , & Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors. American Psychologist, 47, 1102-1114. Scoular, D. (2008). An Evaluation of Medication Adherence in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. (AAT NR10564). Seipp, C. M. (2008). Acceptability of treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Salt Stress Inhibits the Repair of Photodamaged Photosystem II by Suppressing the Transcription and Translation of psbAGenes in Synechocystis 1

Light stress and salt stress are major environmental factors that limit the efficiency of photosynthesis. However, we have found that the effects of light and salt stress on photosystem II (PSII) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 are completely different. Strong light induced photodamage to PSII, whereas salt stress inhibited the repair of the photodamaged PSII and did not accelerate damage to PSII directly. The combination of light and salt stress appeared to inactivate PSII very rapidly as a consequence of their synergistic effects. Radioactive labeling of cells revealed that salt stress inhibited the synthesis of proteins de novo and, in particular, the synthesis of the D1 protein. Northern- and western-blotting analyses demonstrated that salt stress inhibited the transcription and the translation of psbA genes, which encode D1 protein. DNA microarray analysis indicated that the light-induced expression of various genes was suppressed by salt stress. Thus, our results suggest that salt stress inhibits the repair of PSII via suppression of the activities of the transcriptional and translational machinery.
The Effects of Job Demands, Job Resources and Intrinsic Motivation on Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intentions: A Study in the Turkish Hotel Industry

ABSTRACT This study develops and tests a model which investigates the simultaneous effects of job demands, job resources, and a personal resource (intrinsic motivation) on emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions. Frontline hotel employees in Ankara, Turkey serve as the study setting. Among others, results show that job demands (role conflict and role ambiguity) trigger frontline employees' emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions. Job resources (supervisory support, training, empowerment, and rewards) and intrinsic motivation reduce emotional exhaustion. Implications of the findings are discussed and directions for future research are offered.
On the development of regulatory focus: the role of parenting styles

The present study was designed to contribute to our understanding of the development of chronic self-regulatory orientations reflecting self-regulation with a promotion and prevention focus, respectively. Little research addressed this issue empirically, although regulatory focus theory (RFT) explicitly entails assumptions concerning the role of parenting styles in the development of habitual self-regulatory orientations. According to RFT, parenting styles involving a critical and punitive mode that is focused on attaining safety and meeting obligations increases the likelihood that the child will acquire a predominantly prevention-focused style of self-regulation. In contrast, parenting styles involving a bolstering mode that is focused on accomplishing ideal goals and fulfilling aspirations increases the likelihood that the child will acquire a predominantly promotion-focused style of self-regulation. To test these assumptions, the present study assessed via self-reports the degree to which participants experienced different parenting styles as well as their chronic self-regulatory focus. The results reveal positive associations between the critical and punitive parenting style and prevention-focused self-regulation and between the bolstering parenting style and promotion-focused self-regulation thus corroborating the propositions of RFT. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Survey on Data Mining Approaches for Network Intrusion Detection System

Data mining has been gaining popularity in knowledge discovery field, particularity with the increasing availability of digital documents in various languages from all around the world. Network intrusion detection is the process of monitoring the events occurring in a computing system or network and analysing them for signs of intrusions. In this paper, intrusion detection & several areas of intrusion detection in which data mining technology applied are discussed. Data mining techniques are used to discover consistent and useful patterns of system features that describe program and user behaviour. Data mining can improve variant detection rate, control false alarm rate and reduce false dismissals. By using these set of relevant system features to compute classifiers that recognize anomalies & known intrusion.
CGCODE: SOFTWARE FOR SOLVING LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHODS

Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor, Paul Saylor, for his generous financial support while I have been at the University of Illinois, and for his personal guidance and friendship during the last three years. His wonderful family has also provided emotional support, cheesecake, and lodging when I needed it most. I would like to thank Steve Ashby for all the time and effort he has put into this project, and for his advice and unlimited patience. And, a thank you to everyone in the NA group, who have helped make my life bearable these last few months. I would also like to thank my family for their tireless support, both emotional and financial, over the last eight years. Finally, thank you Mai, for always being there for me when I needed you.
A Prospective Study of Acute Diarrhoea in Finnish Children from Birth to 2 1/2 Years of Age

ABSTRACT. To determine the incidence, clinical significance and etiology of acute diarrhoea in early childhood, a cohort of 336 children were followed from birth to the age of 24–32 (mean 26) months. More than half (55%) of the children had no diarrhoea, 26% had one episode and 19% had two or more episodes of diarrhoea during follow‐up; altogether 248 episodes of diarrhoea were detected. Rotavirus was by far the most common (26%) identified pathogen; adenoviruses were detected in 4 % and bacterial pathogens (EPEC, Salmonellae, Yersiniae) in 4% of the cases. Two thirds of the episodes remained etiologically unresolved. Rotavirus diarrhoea was significantly more severe than diarrhoea due to other causes; 75% of severe episodes of diarrhoea were associated with rotavirus. About two thirds of the infants were breast‐fed over 6 months; breast‐feeding for less than 6 months was associated with a higher incidence of rotavirus diarrhoea between 7–12 months of age but not thereafter. About three quarters of the children were cared for at home beyond 12 months of age; those at home had a lower rate of rotavirus diarrhoea than those at day‐care centers.
Fusion of multi-frequency interferometric results by using Kalman filter to generate high quality DEM

Using conventional two-pass interferometry to generate DEM with high frequency SAR data may be confronted with the problem of poor coherence in areas covered by dense vegetation, while DEM generated from low frequency SAR data interferometry is less sensitive to the topographic relief. Therefore, this article aims at generating high quality DEM by fusing multi-frequency interferometric results obtained from two-pass interferometry by using Kalman filter. Meanwhile, a process of coregistration of multi-frequency SAR data which are of different pixel sizes and imaging geometries is proposed. And data from Envisat ASAR and TerraSAR-X are used for case study and the accuracy of fused DEM are verified by ASTER GDEM.
Reduction theory for symmetry breaking

We formulate Euler-Poincaré equations for systems with broken symmetry. In particular, we consider the action of a Lie group O (the broken symmetry) on a manifold M , thereby extending the well known case when M is a vector space. In condensed matter physics, M is known as the order parameter space and we provide several examples of how the present treatment applies in this framework, with special emphasis on nematic particles. The Euler-Poincaré approach is also derived from the theory of Lagrangian reduction, which in turn provides a Kaluza-Klein formulation of rotational dynamics for nematic particles. On the Hamiltonian side, the more general case of an order parameter Poisson manifold is known to apply to the dynamics of spacecrafts with flexible components. We show how this case also recovers superfluid dynamics as well as recent models for image morphing.
GDF-15 predicts cardiovascular events in acute chest pain patients

Background Treatment of patients presenting with possible acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is based on timely diagnosis and proper risk stratification aided by biomarkers. We aimed at evaluating the predictive value of GDF-15 in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of AMI. Methods Consecutive patients presenting with suspected AMI were enrolled in three study centers. Cardiovascular events were assessed during a follow-up period of 6 months with a combined endpoint of death or MI. Results From the 1818 enrolled patients (m/f = 1208/610), 413 (22.7%) had an acute MI and 63 patients reached the combined endpoint. Patients with MI and patients with adverse outcome had higher GDF-15 levels compared with non-MI patients (967.1pg/mL vs. 692.2 pg/L, p<0.001) and with event-free patients (1660 pg/mL vs. 756.6 pg/L, p<0.001). GDF-15 levels were lower in patients with SYNTAX score ≤ 22 (797.3 pg/mL vs. 947.2 pg/L, p = 0.036). Increased GDF-15 levels on admission were associated with a hazard ratio of 2.1 for death or MI (95%CI: 1.67–2.65, p<0.001) in a model adjusted for age and sex and of 1.57 (1.13–2.19, p = 0.008) adjusted for the GRACE score variables. GDF-15 showed a relevant reclassification with regards to the GRACE score with an overall net reclassification index (NRI) of 12.5% and an integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) of 14.56% (p = 0.006). Conclusion GDF-15 is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events in patients presenting with suspected MI. GDF-15 levels correlate with the severity of CAD and can identify and risk-stratify patients who need coronary revascularization.
Pupils’ Representations of Electric Current before, during and after Instruction on DC Circuits

Abstract This study focuses on compulsory education pupils’ representations of electric current (14‐15 years). The subjects’ views in a Greek school were diagnosed and utilised in a constructivist approach to introducing DC circuits. Results suggested that various pupils’ views before and during the early stages of instruction can be modelled after an ‘energy framework’. The uses of this ‘energy framework’ in predicting and interpreting several phenomena, e.g. the Oersted experiment, the readings of ammeters in series and the short circuit are presented. After the introduction of the scientific model for current, several pupils’ views can be modelled after a ‘flow’ framework.
Sensory stimulation—A way of creating mutual relations in dementia care

The overall aim of this 2-year Norwegian action research study was to improve the interaction between care workers and patients with dementia in a nursing home by means of sensory stimulation. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate how the staff experienced the interaction with patients suffering from behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia before, under, and after introduction of sensory stimulation methods in clinical practice. An intervention program consisting of lectures and practical guiding in sensory stimulation was implemented. The care workers participated in group meetings to reflect on the progress. Focus group interviews and participant observations were conducted initially to map exciting practice, and at the end to evaluate potential changes in attitude and skills. Observation notes and interview transcripts were analyzed by means of thematic analysis which revealed a gradual emergence of person-centered care. A phenomenological life-world perspective may serve as a theoretical basis to deepen the understanding of the use of sensory stimulation.
Nicotine withdrawal in the rat: role of alpha7 nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area.

Previous data show that nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area are of importance for the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Here we have investigated the specific role of alpha7 nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area for the neurobiological and behavioral consequences of nicotine withdrawal. Rats were exposed to nicotine for 14 days via s.c. osmotic minipumps. Bilateral intrategmental injections of the selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine reduced locomotion in the nicotine-treated rats, but not in control animals. Unilateral intrategmental injection of methyllycaconitine reduced dopamine output in the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens of nicotine-treated rats, but not in controls. Our results indicate that alpha7 nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area are involved in the nicotine withdrawal syndrome.
Displaying Substantive Recipiency in Seminar Discussion

C. Goodwin (1986) drew attention to the lack of "systematic study of the actions of hearers" (p. 205). Existing literature on recipient behavior has dealt with silence (e.g., Tannen & Saville-Troike, 1985), backchannel actions or continuers (e.g., Duncan & Fiske, 1977; Schegloff, 1982), the organization of repair (e.g., Schegloff, Jefferson, & Sacks, 1977), and the like. The purpose of this article is to describe a specific class of recipient practices that are less minimal in nature, which I call substantive recipiency. The phenomena of interest include verbal resources deployed in multiparty interaction to indicate "I'm following you" or "I'm trying to follow you" without actually saying so. Using data from a series of graduate seminars, I show how substantive recipiency is accomplished in reformulating, extending, and jargonizing and how these 3 devices perform a range of double duties besides their first-order action of understanding display. I argue that the practices of substantive recipiency work to shape and renew the context of an academic seminar. In short, this study is an attempt at making evident the doing of seminar discussion through substantive recipiency. The findings contribute to a growing literature on discourse in academic settings as well as an increasing understanding of recipient actions within the larger framework of language and social interaction.