Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A VARIANT FORM OF ANGINA PECTORIS

peratures for about six months before use. This method of storage has previously been described by J. G. Allen and his colleagues in their paper already mentioned, and elsewhere. W. A. Sayman et alii" now report the experience of this bank with the operation of this routine over a pertod of 15 years. A six-months follow-up was carried out for all patients who received transfusions of serum only or of serum and blood, and for a 21% random sample of those who received blood only. In each category, the follow-up was 98% complete. If we exclude those who had died from other causes within six months of their transfusion and without developing jaundice, there were 305 patients in the first category, 653 in the second, and 1894 in the third. From the number who developed serum hepatitis after transfusion of whole blood only, it was possible to estimate the number who might be expected to develop serum hepatitis after receiving transfusions of plasma, if there was 100% survival of the virus in plasma from infected bottles of blood. In the event, none of those who had received plasma only developed serum hepatitis, against an expected figure of 48; also, of those who received both blood and plasma, only 21 developed serum hepatitis against an expected 123. The experience of 21 cases compares with an expected figure of 24 as a result of whole blood transfusion, if no plasma had been given. (Incidentally, the Chicago experience of serum hepatitis after whole blood transfusion works out at almost 0·6 per 100 pints of transfused blood.) These figures would appear fully to support the claim of the University of Chicago Blood Bank to have discovered a method of plasma storage which appears to eliminate, at least to a very great extent, the risk of serum hepatitis from this source. Some additional points about the Chicago workers' report should be mentioned. The routine adopted was arrived at by chance, the conditions of storage having been in the first instance imposed by necessity; only when the welcome freedom of their patients from serum hepatitis was realized were these conditions adopted as a matter of policy. Secondly, storage at these temperatur-es does not apparently impair the therapeutic value of the plasma in other respects. Finally, the maintenance of a relatively high storage temperature is necessary. This was clearly brought out when on one occasion it was necessary to use plasma from another bank, which had been stored for seven months at 72° F; no less than seven out of the 42 patients who received plasma from this source developed hepatitis with jaundice.
The Matrix Matters: Effective Isolation in Fragmented Landscapes

Traditional approaches to the study of fragmented landscapes invoke an island‐ocean model and assume that the nonhabitat matrix surrounding remnant patches is uniform. Patch isolation, a crucial parameter to the predictions of island biogeography and metapopulation theories, is measured by distance alone. To test whether the type of interpatch matrix can contribute significantly to patch isolation, I conducted a mark‐recapture study on a butterfly community inhabiting meadows in a naturally patchy landscape. I used maximum likelihood to estimate the relative resistances of the two major matrix types (willow thicket and conifer forest) to butterfly movement between meadow patches. For four of the six butterfly taxa (subfamilies or tribes) studied, conifer was 3–12 times more resistant than willow. For the two remaining taxa (the most vagile and least vagile in the community), resistance estimates for willow and conifer were not significantly different, indicating that responses to matrix differ even among closely related species. These results suggest that the surrounding matrix can significantly influence the “effective isolation” of habitat patches, rendering them more or less isolated than simple distance or classic models would indicate. Modification of the matrix may provide opportunities for reducing patch isolation and thus the extinction risk of populations in fragmented landscapes.
Coordination of Cryptochrome and Phytochrome Signals in the Regulation of Plant Light Responses

In nature, plants integrate a wide range of light signals from solar radiation to adapt to the surrounding light environment, and these light signals also regulate a variety of important agronomic traits. Blue light-sensing cryptochrome (cry) and red/far-red light-sensing phytochrome (phy) play critical roles in regulating light-mediated physiological responses via the regulated transcriptional network. Accumulating evidence in the model plant Arabidopsis has revealed that crys and phys share two mechanistically distinct pathways to coordinately regulate transcriptional changes in response to light. First, crys and phys promote the accumulation of transcription factors that regulate photomorphogenesis, such as HY5 and HFR1, via the inactivation of the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 E3 ligase complex by light-dependent binding. Second, photoactive crys and phys directly interact with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR transcription factor family proteins to regulate transcriptional activity. The coordinated regulation of these two pathways (and others) by crys and phys allow plants to respond with plasticity to fluctuating light environments in nature.
Research on Learning To Teach: Implications for Teacher Induction and Mentoring Programs

Research on learning to teach has implications for the design of induction and mentoring programs: (a) Giving beginning teachers difficult teaching assignments (multiple preparations, subjects out of their field, or demanding extracurricular assignments) is not only stressful for them but impedes the process of learning to teach; (b) to survive the shock of classroom reality, novice teachers need collegial support from experienced teachers and peers; (c) in addition to training in how to provide support, mentor teachers can benefit from learning about cognitive theory and how to integrate subject matter into discussions with novice teachers; (d) beginning teachers should be evaluated differently than experienced teachers because learning to teach is a highly complex process that takes time to master.
Dual-path method for enhancing the performance of IEEE 802.1 avb with time-triggered scheme

The amount of information traffic is on increase due to the increase of the number of electric components in vehicles. In this situation, IEEE Audio/Video Bridging (AVB) is promising technology in In-Vehicle Network (IVN) since it guarantees high level of Quality of Service (QoS) for real-time applications. Now, new AVB standards that add time-triggered traffic is discussed. Time-triggered traffic uses time division multiplexing access (TDMA) to guarantee the performance of time-critical traffic like control traffic. In other words, time-triggered traffic would be sent when their time window comes. However, it is inevitable that the time performance of AVB traffic is deteriorated by adding time-triggered traffic since the transmission of time-triggered traffic is prior to the transmission of AVB traffic. So, in this paper, a Dual-path method is proposed to improve the time performance of AVB traffic by using Redundancy path, which is presented in IEEE P802.1CB. In Dual-path method, the additional path, which is used as a backup path in IEEE P802.1 CB, is used as an independent path. Therefore, traffic is divided and transmitted through two of independent paths respectively. By distributing traffic, the tiem performance of AVB traffic could be enhanced. To verify the advantage of Dual-path method, three scenarios of traffic allocation are configured. These scenarios are mathematically analyzed. Based on results, the optimal traffic allocation is suggested.
Targeting the Degradation of Angiotensin II With Recombinant Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: Prevention of Angiotensin II–Dependent Hypertension

Angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cleaves Ang II to form Ang-(1-7). Here we examined whether soluble human recombinant ACE2 (rACE2) can efficiently lower Ang II and increase Ang-(1-7) and whether rACE2 can prevent hypertension caused by Ang II infusion as a result of systemic versus local mechanisms of ACE2 activity amplification. rACE2 was infused via osmotic minipumps for 3 days in conscious mice or acutely in anesthetized mice. rACE2 caused a dose-dependent increase in serum ACE2 activity but had no effect on kidney or cardiac ACE2 activity. After Ang II infusion (40 pmol/min), rACE2 (1 mg/kg per day) resulted in normalization of systolic blood pressure and plasma Ang II. In acute studies, rACE2 (1 mg/kg) prevented the rapid hypertensive effect of Ang II (0.2 mg/kg), and this was associated with both a decrease in Ang II and an increase in Ang-(1-7) in plasma. Moreover, during infusion of Ang II, the effect of rACE2 on blood pressure was unaffected by a specific Ang-(1-7) receptor blocker, A779 (0.2 mg/kg), and infusing supraphysiologic levels of Ang-(1-7) (0.2 mg/kg) had no effect on blood pressure. We conclude that, during Ang II infusion, rACE2 effectively degrades Ang II and, in the process, normalizes blood pressure. The mechanism of rACE2 action results from an increase in systemic, not tissue, ACE2 activity and the lowering of plasma Ang II rather than the attendant increase in Ang-(1-7). Increasing ACE2 activity may provide a new therapeutic target in states of Ang II overactivity by enhancing its degradation, an approach that differs from the current focus on blocking Ang II formation and action.
Study of right ventricular function with preserved left ejection fraction by three-dimensional speckle tracking in uremic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

This study aimed to test the ability of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) to characterize early abnormalities of right ventricular (RV) structure and function with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) in uremic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Sixty-six uremic patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (> 50% LVEF) undergoing peritoneal dialysis and 20 healthy control participants underwent both standard and RT3DE assessment. The PD patients with right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) > 45% composed group A (45 patients), and all other patients were included in group B (21 patients). The RV volume and ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global area strain (GAS), and global radial strain (GRS) were calculated using RT3DE. GLS in Group A was significantly lower than the GLS in the control group. In patients with abnormal right ventricular function, GCS, GAS, GRS and GLS were lower in the group B than in healthy controls. Compared with the control subjects, GLS, GRS, and GAS were lower among PD patients, but the GCS was similar among the groups. The right ventricular GLS of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis decreased prior to the decline in before the right ventricular ejection function became worse. GLS is a sensitive index marker for assessing right ventricular function in patients with peritoneal dialysis. In uremic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis with obvious abnormal right ventricular systolic function, GLS, GRS, GAS, and GCS were all decreased.
How to bypass Birkhoff through extra dimensions A simple framework for investigating the gravitational collapse in vacuum

It is fair to say that our current mathematical understanding of the dynamics of gravitational collapse to a black hole is limited to the spherically symmetric situation and, in fact, even in this case much remains to be learned. The reason is that Einstein's equations become tractable only if they are reduced to a (1 + 1)-dimensional system of partial differential equations. Owing to this technical obstacle, very little is known about the collapse of pure gravitational waves because by Birkhoff's theorem there is no spherical collapse in vacuum. In this essay, we describe a new cohomogeneity-two symmetry reduction of the vacuum Einstein equations in five and higher odd dimensions which evades Birkhoff's theorem and admits time-dependent asymptotically flat solutions. We argue that this model provides an attractive (1 + 1)-dimensional geometric setting for investigating the dynamics of gravitational collapse in vacuum.
The Effect of Yttrium Oxide Reinforcement on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Biologically Derived Hydroxyapatite

In the present study, hydroxyapatite used as a matrix material was derived from the femur bones of Meleagris gallapova (MGHA) and then reinforced by yttriyum oxide (Y2O3, 5 and 10 wt%) and then pelleted samples at 350 MPa were sintered between 900 and 1300 °C. Finally, the effect of Y2O3 reinforcement on the microstructural and mechanical properties of MGHA was investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to microstructural examinations. Density, microhardness and compressive strengths of composites were used to analyze of mechanical properties of their. Experimental results show that mechanical properties of composites enhance by increasing the temperature. The optimum results were obtained for MGHA-%10 Y2O3 composites sintered at 1200 °C. 2
Ensemble-Based Medical Relation Classification

Despite the successes of distant supervision approaches to relation extraction in the news domain, the lack of a comprehensive ontology of medical relations makes it difficult to apply such approaches to relation classification in the medical domain. In light of this difficulty, we propose an ensemble approach to this task where we exploit human-supplied knowledge to guide the design of members of the ensemble. Results on the 2010 i2b2/VA Challenge corpus show that our ensemble approach yields a 19.8% relative error reduction over a state-of-the-art baseline.
Development of memory span for spoken words: The role of rehearsal and item identification processes

Developmental increases in verbal memory span are correlated with improvements culation rate (AR) and item identification time (IT). In different theoretical accounts, AR reflects the efficiency of an articulatory rehearsal loop, while IT reflects the availability of a central workspace. In the present study, IT and AR were compared as predictors of memory span for spoken words of one, two and three syllables in children aged 5, 8 and 11. The results showed that a linear function described the variation of span with both age and word-length but there was no equivalent relationship between span and IT. The sensitivity of span to word-length was much reduced when rehearsal was prevented by articulatory suppression. These findings suggest that variation of span with age and word-length is attributable to rehearsal rather than the availability of a central workspace. However, suppression did not reduce age differences in span, showing that developmental processes other than rehearsal are also important.
Mild Hyperthermia Down-Regulates Receptor-Dependent Neutrophil Function

Mild hypothermia impairs resistance to infection and, reportedly, impairs phagocytosis and oxidative killing of unopsonized bacteria. We evaluated various functions at 33°–41°C in neutrophils taken from volunteers. Adhesion on endothelial cells was determined using light microscopy. Adhesion molecule expression and receptors, phagocytosis, and release of reactive oxidants were assessed using flow cytometric assays. Adhesion protein CD11b expression on resting neutrophils was temperature-independent. However, up-regulation of CD11b with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&agr; was increased by hypothermia and decreased with hyperthermia. Neutrophil adhesion to either resting or activated endothelial cells was not temperature-dependent. Bacterial uptake was inversely related to temperature, more so with Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus. Temperature dependence of phagocytosis occurred only with opsonized bacteria. Hypothermia slightly increased N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-phenylalanine receptors on neutrophils: hyperthermia decreased expression, especially with TNF-&agr;. N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced H2O2 production was inversely related to temperature, especially in the presence of TNF-&agr;. Conversely, phorbol-13-myristate-12-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, induced an extreme and homogenous release of reactive oxidants that increased with temperature. In contrast to nonreceptor-dependent phagocytosis and oxidative killing, several crucial receptor-dependent neutrophil activities show temperature-dependent regulation, with hypothermia increasing function. The temperature dependence of neutrophil function is thus more complicated than previously appreciated.
UTILIZATION OF ARGININE AS AN ENERGY SOURCE FOR THE GROWTH OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS

Deibel, R. H. (American Meat Institute Foundation, Chicago, Ill.). Utilization of arginine as an energy source for the growth of Streptococcus faecalis. J. Bacteriol. 87:988–992. 1964. —Although both Streptococcus faecalis and S. faecium (and its variety durans) hydrolyze arginine, the utilization of this amino acid as an energy source appears to have taxonomic utility, as only S. faecalis and its varieties can couple the resultant energy with growth processes. Utilization of arginine by S. faecalis in a semisynthetic, casein-hydrolysate medium requires small concentrations of a fermentable carbohydrate (0.05%), presumably for synthetic reactions. The arginine analogue, agmatine, is utilized as an energy source by S. faecalis but not by S. faecium, and only approxinately 50% of the latter strains hydrolyzed this compound. Other ureido- and guanido-containing compounds tested were neither utilized as an energy source nor deaminated.
Isoprenoid Pyrophosphate-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Carotenogenesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Corynebacterium glutamicum is a natural producer of the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. The crtEcg0722crtBIYEb operon comprises most of its genes for terpenoid biosynthesis. The MarR-type regulator encoded upstream and in divergent orientation of the carotenoid biosynthesis operon has not yet been characterized. This regulator, named CrtR in this study, is encoded in many actinobacterial genomes co-occurring with terpenoid biosynthesis genes. CrtR was shown to repress the crt operon of C. glutamicum since DNA microarray experiments revealed that transcript levels of crt operon genes were increased 10 to 70-fold in its absence. Transcriptional fusions of a promoter-less gfp gene with the crt operon and crtR promoters confirmed that CrtR represses its own gene and the crt operon. Gel mobility shift assays with purified His-tagged CrtR showed that CrtR binds to a region overlapping with the −10 and −35 promoter sequences of the crt operon. Isoprenoid pyrophosphates interfered with binding of CrtR to its target DNA, a so far unknown mechanism for regulation of carotenogenesis. The molecular details of protein-ligand interactions remain to be studied. Decaprenoxanthin synthesis by C. glutamicum wild type was enhanced 10 to 30-fold upon deletion of crtR and was decreased 5 to 6-fold as result of crtR overexpression. Moreover, deletion of crtR was shown as metabolic engineering strategy to improve production of native and non-native carotenoids including lycopene, β-carotene, C.p. 450 and sarcinaxanthin.
Rituximab Administration in Third Trimester of Pregnancy Suppresses Neonatal B-Cell Development

We describe the effect on the neonate of administration of rituximab to a woman with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, was given weekly for 4 weeks to a woman with ITP in her third trimester of pregnancy. One month after the last rituximab administration a healthy girl was born. She had normal growth and development during the first six months. At birth, B-lymphocytes were not detectable. Rituximab levels in mother and neonate were 24000 and 6700 ng/mL, respectively. Only 7 cases of rituximab administration during pregnancy were described. No adverse events are described for fetus and neonate. We demonstrate that rituximab passes the placenta and inhibits neonatal B-lymphocyte development. However, after 6 months B-lymphocyte levels normalized and vaccination titres after 10 months were adequate. No infection-related complications occurred. Rituximab administration during pregnancy appears to be safe for the child but further studies are warranted.
Scientific Productivity on Research in Ethical Issues over the Past Half Century: A JoinPoint Regression Analysis

BACKGROUND: Ethics is one of the main pillars in the development of science. We performed a JoinPoint regression analysis to analyze the trends of ethical issue research over the past half century. The question is whether ethical issues are neglected despite their importance in modern research. METHOD: PubMed electronic library was used to retrieve publications of all fields and ethical issues. JoinPoint regression analysis was used to identify the significant time trends of publications of all fields and ethical issues, as well as the proportion of publications on ethical issues to all fields over the past half century. Annual percent changes (APC) were computed with their 95% confidence intervals, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: We found that publications of ethical issues increased during the period of 1965–1996 but slightly fell in recent years (from 1996 to 2013). When comparing the absolute number of ethics related articles (APEI) to all publications of all fields (APAF) on PubMed, the results showed that the proportion of APEI to APAF statistically increased during the periods of 1965–1974, 1974–1986, and 1986–1993, with APCs of 11.0, 2.1, and 8.8, respectively. However, the trend has gradually dropped since 1993 and shown a marked decrease from 2002 to 2013 with an annual percent change of –7.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Scientific productivity in ethical issues research on over the past half century rapidly increased during the first 30-year period but has recently been in decline. Since ethics is an important aspect of scientific research, we suggest that greater attention is needed in order to emphasize the role of ethics in modern research.
Outcome or Expectancy? Antecedent of Spontaneous Causal Attribution

Past attributional studies have produced a consensus that negative and unexpected outcomes promote spontaneous causal search. Howwever, there is no theoretical reason to believe that outcome has an effect on spontaneous causal attribution independent of expectancy. Past studies thatfound the outcome effect all sufferfrom the methodological problems of (a) lack of spontaneity in elicited attributions and/or (b) improper manipulation. Experiment I (N = 44) introduced rigorous control of the two independent variables and showed that only expectancy has an independent effect on spontaneous causal thinking. Experiment 2 (N = 100) showed that, although expectancy is the only antecedent to spontaneous causal attribution, outcome does affect nonspontaneous causal search, giving a strong indication that the lack of spontaneity accounts for the outcome effect found in the past studies.