Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chattering-Free Fixed-Time Robust Sliding Mode Controller for Grid-Connected Inverters Under Parameter Variations

This article proposes and experimentally validates a new chattering-free fixed-time robust sliding mode controller for the grid-connected three-phase two-level inverter through an RL filter. The proposed method addresses the reference trajectory tracking problem of grid current, enabling precise control of the power injected into the grid. Advanced nonlinear sliding surfaces and control laws are designed with the primary objective of enhancing the robustness of the closed-loop system under the proposed controller. More specifically, this work concentrates on achieving robustness against variations in filter parameters and grid impedance. The control laws are formulated to alleviate chattering in the control signal. The notion of fixed-time stability is incorporated into the controller’s design to ensure fixed-time convergence for both reaching and sliding phases and the ability to adjust the guaranteed settling time regardless of initial conditions. The fixed-time stability of the closed-loop system is proved using the Lyapunov theory. The simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It demonstrates precise tracking capability and robust performance, especially when compared with a finite-time sliding mode controller and a conventional asymptotic sliding mode controller.
A Seismic Refraction Survey in The Red Sea

Summary Intensive seismic refraction work has been carried out in the Red Sea in a small area centred on 22° 30° N, 37° 00° E. Below water depths of 600 to 1400 m, material with a mean seismic velocity of 4.3 km s-1 overlies a layer of mean seismic velocity 6.6 km s-1. The refracted arrival times indicate that the depth to the deep layer varies typically between 3 and 6 km but that the layer is horizontally continuous. A velocity of 6.4 km s-1 was measured over the central deep trough and it is suggested that the high velocities are those of new crustal material emplaced in the process of separation of the Arabo-Nubian continental blocks by at least 130 km, measured perpendicular to the Red Sea axis. This hypothesis is discussed in the light of existing gravity and magnetic observations in the area.
Supporting hybrid engagement through digital learning design

With the shift to post-pandemic flexible delivery there is an increased focus on the quality of online learning materials. In response to this, a project was undertaken to transform online law units sites from pdfs to interactive pages; and from 2-hour lectures to multiple short pre-recordings dedicated to a single concept. This study explored student engagement, preferences, and performance through a pragmatic and meaningful analysis of learning analytics in relation to learning design for the purpose of informing our practice. This paper draws on data involving 89 students that participated in the study from the cohort of approximately 200 students. This study confirms that the majority of students preferred the new digital learning design approach, however, the diversity of student preferences has implications for learning design that need to be taken into consideration.
The socio-environmental data explorer (SEDE): a social media–enhanced decision support system to explore risk perception to hazard events

ABSTRACT Social media are increasingly recognized as a useful data source for understanding social response to hazard events in real time and in post-event analysis. This article establishes social media–enhanced decision support systems (SME-DSS) as a synergistic integration of social media and decision support systems (DSSs) to provide structured access to native, near real-time data from a large and diverse population to assess social response to social, environmental, and technological risk and hazard events. We introduce a prototype SME-DSS entitled socio-environmental data explorer (SEDE) to explore the opportunities and challenges of leveraging social media for decision support. We use a winter storm during 25–28 January 2015 that accumulated record amounts of snow along the East Coast of the United States as a case study to evaluate SEDE in helping assess social response to environmental risk and hazard events as well as evaluate social media as a theoretical component within the social amplification of risk framework (SARF) that serves as a theoretical foundation for SME-DSS.
32. ESTIMATING IN-SITU THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FROM LOG DATA1

Hole 857C, drilled in Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge, during Leg 139 of the Ocean Drilling Program, penetrated about 470 m of turbidite sediments. Below the sediments the hole intersected a series of basaltic sills interbedded with sediments. Hole 857C is located south of an active hydrothermal vent field in an area where seafloor heat flow measurements show values exceeding 0.8 W/m2. This hole was successfully logged with the seismic and lithodensity tool string. Open-hole temperatures at a depth of 480 mbsf are as high as 222°C. The porosity profile of Hole 857C, based on log-derived wet-bulk densities, forms the basis for the calculation of a thermal conductivity profile using a binary mixture of sediment grains and seawater and a geometric mean model. The thermal conductivity of the grains is assumed to be 2.6 W/m-K (Davis and Seeman, this volume). High temperatures encountered in Hole 857C require that temperature effects on the thermal conductivity must be included. The variation of the thermal conductivity of seawater is well known. The decrease of the thermal conductivity of the grains with increasing temperature is calculated after Sass et al. (1992) and Chapman et al. (1984). A purely conductive vertical heat flow is assumed to allow the iterative modeling procedure caused by the nonlinear nature of the problem. The model calculations show that the results of a simple model with constant thermal parameters are similar to those of a model that includes a temperature-dependent seawater thermal conductivity and temperature coefficient of the grain thermal conductivity after Sass et al. (1992). This surprising result is a consequence of the competing effects of decreasing porosity with depth, decreasing thermal conductivity of the grains with depth (and temperature), and the variation of the thermal conductivity of seawater with temperature. Results based on temperature corrections of Chapman et al. (1984) give unrealistically high temperatures at the base of the sediments. Varying the grain thermal conductivity between 2.6 and 3.2 W/m-K results in a range of thermal conductivity profiles that predict temperatures that are in agreement with observed vent fluid temperatures.
The RAMESSES experiment—V. Crustal accretion at axial volcanic ridge segments—a gravity study at 57°45′N on the slow spreading Reykjanes Ridge

Summary Presented in this paper are the results of a two-stage analysis of gravity data acquired during a multidisciplinary geophysical survey of a magmatically active axial volcanic ridge (AVR) segment located at 57°45′N on the Reykjanes Ridge, part of the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of Iceland. Modelling of the free-air anomaly in 2-D shows that, across-axis, the observed anomaly results largely from density and layer thickness variation in the mid-lower crust. Although seismic control on crustal thickness along-axis is limited, modelling also suggests that both crustal density and thickness also vary towards AVR tips. Using the 2-D modelling results as crustal reference, the residual mantle Bouguer anomaly (RMBA) is calculated to assess whether magma-related density anomalies are present in the mantle and to investigate the structure of, and relationship between, adjacent AVRs along-axis. RMBA lows are associated with both an along-ridge trend encompassing a number of adjacent AVRs and with individual, more topographically robust AVRs. Modelling of the RMBA low associated with the 57°45′N AVR further suggests that along-axis density variation is confined to the central region of this AVR and that the anomaly can largely be accounted for by density variation within Layer 3 and a degree of crustal thinning towards AVR tips. The nature of the along-axis variation in crustal density further suggests that it may result from repeated phases of magma supply to the crustal system from the mantle. Within the resolution of the RMBA, modelling does not confirm or preclude the presence of a subcrustal density anomaly associated with retention of a small percentage of melt in the mantle. However, a melt-free model for at least the top 40 km of the mantle is preferred as this is consistent with the results of modelling a coincident magnetotelluric data set. The ridge-trend characteristics of the RMBA also suggest that magma delivery may take place along this trend, and in an episodic fashion that controls initiation of an AVR tectonomagmatic cycle. AVRs may, therefore, be created along a spreading-orthogonal direction by tapping of a recent magma injection into the ridge-trending crustal system, with flow of this magma laterally along AVR-parallel faults and fissures accommodating spreading and crustal accretion.
Determination of road traffic emissions from lidar data

Road transport is recognized as the major anthropogenic pollution source in urban areas worldwide. To predict the impact of emissions from automobiles on ambient air quality, different mathematical models have been developed, primarily based on the Gaussian plume equation. However there are few field data sets that could be used to evaluate these models. The lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) technique has been used to determine relative particle concentration over the streets of Iowa City, Iowa in December 2001. An important input to diffusion models is the emission rate of pollutants to the atmosphere, the so called emission inventory. Due to insufficient direct emission measurements, emission rates are usually estimated from mass balance calculations. A method has been developed for indirect determination of emission rates, mean wind speed and vertical diffusivity by inversion of the Gaussian model for diffusion from a line-source. To solve the inversion problem, a Newton-Raphson method has been used.
Distribution of radiocarbon as a test of global carbon cycle models

Accurate global carbon cycle models are needed to estimate the future change of atmospheric CO{sub 2} for specified scenarios of CO{sub 2} emissions. Model accuracy cannot be tested directly because of the difficulty in estimating the carbon flux to the oceans and the terrestrial biosphere. However, one test of model consistency is the requirement that the model reproduce past changes and spatial distributions of {sup 14}C. A model for carbon exchange within and among the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial biosphere is found to satisfy this test. The ocean is modeled as an upwelling-diffusion column capped by a mixed layer with recirculation of the polar bottom water to complete the thermohaline circulation. This ocean advection scheme contains only two key dynamic parameters, the vertical eddy diffusivity {kappa} and the upwelling velocity w, which are calibrated to match the vertical distribution of preanthropogenic {sup 14}C. The thermocline depth scale {kappa}/w = 1343 m found by calibration is considerably deeper than that required to match the steady vertical temperature profile (500 m). This is consistent with the hypothesis that isopyncal mixing, which is much more rapid than diapyncal mixing, has a stronger effect on {sup 14}C than on temperature since isopyncals are nearlymore » isothermal. This model is found to match measured values, within measurement error, of the prebomb decrease in {sup 14}C in the atmosphere and the mixed layer due to the Suess effect, the bomb {sup 14}C in the mixed layer, the bomb {sup 14}C penetration depth, the bomb {sup 14}C ocean inventory, and the vertical distribution of total carbon. Results are compared to those of other schematic carbon cycle models as well as those of ocean general circulation models. 95 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs. « less
Ghrelin misbalance affects mice embryo implantation and pregnancy success by uterine immune dysregulation and nitrosative stress

Introduction In a previous study we found that ghrelin (Ghrl) misbalance during the peri-implantation period significantly impaired fetus development. In this study we aimed to evaluate the putative mechanisms underlying these effects, including embryo implantation success, uterine nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitric oxide synthesis and the inflammatory/immune uterine profile. Methods Ghrelin misbalance was induced by injecting 4nmol/animal/day of Ghrl (hyperghrelinemia) or 6nmol/animal/day of a Ghrl antagonist (Ant: (D-Lys3)GHRP-6) from day 3 to 8 of pregnancy. Control animals (C) were injected with de vehicle. Females were euthanized at pregnancy day 8 and their uteri excised in order to evaluate: the percentage of reabsorbed embryos (microscopically), eNOS, iNOS and nytrotirosine expression (by immunohistochemistry), nitrite synthesis (by Griess technique), VEGF, IL-10, IL-17, IL-6, MMP9 and GM-CSF expression (by qPCR) and leukocyte infiltration by flow cytometry (evaluating T cells, NK cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages). Results Ant-treatment significantly increased the percentage of reabsorbed embryos and the uterine expression of eNOS, iNOS and nytrotirosine. (D-Lys3)GHRP-6-treatment increased also the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and MMP9, and decreased that of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory). Moreover, Ant-treatment increased also the NK cells population and that of CD11b+ dendritic cells; and decreased T cells percentages. Similarly, hyperghrelinemia showed a significant increase vs. C on eNOS, iNOS and nytrotirosineuterine expression and a decrease in T cells percentages. Conclusion Ghrl misbalance during the peri-implantation period induces pro-inflammatory changes and nitrosative stress in the gravid uterus, impairing significantly embryo implantation and/or development.
Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengguna pada Aplikasi Mobile Banking

Sejak pandemi virus Covid-19, masyarakat terbiasa jauh lebih berhati-hati dalam melakukan transaksi dimana masyarakat mulai terbiasa lebih memilih melakukan transaksi yang meminimalisir terjadinya kontak fisik. Salah satu cara yang dipilih adalah melakukan transaksi perbankan menggunakan teknologi mobile banking. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pengguna pada aplikasi mobile banking. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model DeLone & McLean serta tambahan variabel trust, social influence, intimacy, loyalty, dan continuance intention. Berdasarkan model dan variabel yang digunakan, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari faktor yang memengaruhi penggunaan, kepuasan, keintiman, loyalitas, niat berkelanjutan, dan dampak individual pengguna mobile banking dalam menggunakan mobile banking. Data dikumpulkan dengan syarat responden pernah menggunakan mobile banking. Data yang terkumpul sebanyak 204 responden. Data dianalisis dengan metode Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) menggunakan aplikasi SmartPLS 3.2. 9. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang memengaruhi pengguna dalam menggunakan mobile banking adalah kualitas sistem, kualitas layanan, kepercayaan, pengaruh sosial, penggunaan, kepuasan, dan keintiman.
Evaluation of rheological, textural, and sensory characteristics of optimized vegan rice puddings prepared by various plant‐based milks

Abstract Nowadays, plant‐based milks are being considered as an alternative to dairy milk due to their advantages, such as sustainability, reduced allergenicity, health benefits, and lactose‐free nature. Plant‐based milks are widely used in the preparation of desserts, cheese‐like products, and beverages, among other applications. The aim of the present study was to formulate vegan rice puddings using various commercially available plant‐based milks as a sustainable alternative to dairy milk. For this aim, central composition design was applied to optimize the key processing parameters of the Thermomix®, including temperature (80–90°C), time (6–14 min), and the amount of rice flour (6–10%, w/v), using response surface methodology (RSM). According to the RSM results, the optimum conditions were found to be 90°C for 12.5 min with 6.5% rice flour, as they exhibited minimal phase separation and similar rheological and textural properties to dairy rice pudding. Soya milk pudding had the highest hardness value among the other plant‐based milk puddings, and whole fat milk, soya, oat, coconut, and cow's milks showed the best gel unity, according to the cohesiveness results. Phase separation, an important parameter for storage stability, was not observed during 7‐day storage at 4°C in all groups, except for pistachio milk rice pudding. Rheological results demonstrated that all vegan pudding samples exhibited a gel‐like structure with storage modulus (G′) exceeding loss modulus (G″) values. According to the descriptive sensory evaluation, coconut, oat, and soya milk rice puddings received the highest scores in overall acceptability. Our findings suggest that industrial plant‐based rice puddings have great potential as a novel product that meets the dietary needs of the vegan community by offering acceptable flavor and texture.
Hydraulic conductivity of clays in confined tests under low hydraulic gradients

Clay barriers normally function at hydraulic gradients much lower than are commonly used in laboratory tests for hydraulic conductivity. This paper describes low-gradient tests on compacted illite, Na-bentonite, and sand- bentonite specimens at a range of dry densities. The tests examined the effects of deionized or saline pore fluid, the initial degree of saturation at the time of compaction, and back-pressuring to achieve saturation during permeation. No "critical" or "threshold" gradients were observed. In low-density materials, "transitional" gradients defined two separate regions of Darcian flow. Low flow rates and low hydraulic conductivities were associated with hydraulic gradients below the transitional gradient. Higher conductivities were associated with gradients above the transitional gradient. Hydraulic conductivities decreased with increasing initial density. They appeared independent of initial degree of saturation or back-pressuring. Tests on Na-rich bentonite showed that deionized and saline permeants produced similar hydraulic conductivities. Measured hydraulic conductivities were in reasonable agreement with values computed using the Poiseuille and Kozeny-Carman equations.
Kinetics Study on Thermal Degradation of Polystyrene and Sulfonated Polystyrene from Styrofoam Waste

This research studied kinetics of thermal degradation of polystyrene (PS), and sulfonated polustyrene (sPS) which were synthesized from styrofoam waste. The thermal study was conducted by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at various heating rate of 10, 15, 20 and 25 dpm. The kinetics parameters were determined by Coats Redfern (CR), Friedman (FM), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) models. TGA result found that PS has range thermal stability of 274 – 415 oC, but sPS has range thermal stability of 175 – 582 oC. Kinetic study to PS shows that the activation energy increases by the increasing of fraction conversion for all kinetics parameters with a regression value close to 1. While in sPS, the CR method shows an increase in activation energy value with an increasing fraction convertion. On the other hand, CR-FM-KAS and OFM methods obtained an increase in activation energy, then decreased at the fraction convertion above 0.6, and received negative activation energy. The kinetics model successfully explains the degradation of PS and sPS. In addition, the high thermal stability of sPS from styrofoam waste shows that this material has good potential as polymer electrolyte materials.
Future Directions in Spatial Demography

Demographers have made much of time, conceptualizing it variously in terms of age, period, and cohort; individual, family, and historical time; and the like. There is no analogy in demographic thinking for space. patial demography has been gaining momentum during the last decades. For example, in 2001 the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch (DBSB) of the Center for Population Research (CPR) (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-NICHD) included it among the topical areas to explore or to expand within the discipline. Later, two special issues have been dedicated to this topic. Several concurrent factors are behind this, among them the growing availability of spatial (geo-referenced) population data, improvements in computers and software (free and commercial) and, more broadly, the emergence of spatiality target (i.e., localized) policies and assessments of social and other contexts of demographic outcomes (e.g., neighborhood effects) (de Castro, 2007), all this within the framework of the spatial turn in social sciences (i.e., the consideration of social processes embedded within spatial context) A spatial or geographic approach to social phenomena needs to take into account the effect of purely spatial factors like location and distance, as well as the effect of contextual and environmental factors that define specific places, for example local cultural characteristic or socioeconomic status (Wieczorek and Hanson, 1997). Spatial factors are usually defined in terms of distance and area, of intersection of space with specific social and physical contexts, and of the relative position in space and place. " Spatial dimension " includes variability across space, the effects of scale, and the significance of place. This dimension is implicit in the distribution of hazards, population settlements, and demographic processes; or in the effects of regional/local variability in vulnerability to climate changes impacts. Both the relative position in relation to other points in space and the individual and social significance that people attribute to a particular locality are important in order to understand and explain the patterns of distribution of social phenomena in space. Consideration of the spatial dimensions of an event, phenomenon or process implies research on the definition and measurement of place, which is defined by the social structure, social relationships and living experience. " Place " is matched with " meaningful space " (Tuan, 1977), and explained by people's experiences. Within demography, it is common to refer to place as " local social and S
Variation rule of macro parameters and dynamic model of oil reservoirs in continental faulted basin

Taking fluvial and deltaic reservoir in Shengli Oilfield as an example and applying the multi-subject theory and many methods such as core rock analysis, log evaluation, physical simulation and numerical simulation on reservoirs, the characters and rules of variation of macro parameters for the reservoirs in the process of water flooding development in continental faulted basin were investigated. The mathematical model and predictable model for calculating macro parameters of reservoir flow field in special high water cut development stage were built up. The variation mechanism of macro parameters for reservoir flow field in the period of water flooding development was discussed. The research result shows that the development liquid has a great effect on permeability of reservoir while it has no effect on the porosity of reservoir. The dynamic geological process is the main factor resulting in the change of macro parameters of reservoir.