Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Listen to your Heart: Novel Ways of using Respiration and Heartbeat as Inconspicuous Input Modalities

The interactive capabilities of public interactive systems are often not fully exploited, as users often feel uncomfortable to interact with them as they may feel observed by bystanders while interacting. In some contexts, users would like to perform private and inconspicuous interactions with these systems. Performing expressive gestures in the public or using a mobile phone in front of a screen is a clear indicator for others that one wants to interact with the system. In this paper, we explore how systems can leverage the respiration rate and the heartbeat of a user to allow inconspicuous interactions with interactive screens and with mobile devices in the public. We present a system, which implements the idea of the “rotating compass” using the heartbeat of a user to access personal information from a public screen. In addition, we show how respiration can be used to interact with a mobile device in an inconspicuous way in public settings. Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). CHI 2014 Workshop on Inconspicuous Interaction, April 26, 2014, Toronto, ON, Canada. Masato Miyauchi Laboratory for Interactive Systems
Path Matching and Graph Matching in Biological Networks

We develop algorithms for the following path matching and graph matching problems: (i) given a query path p and a graph G, find a path p' that is most similar to p in G; (ii) given a query graph G (0) and a graph G, find a graph G (0)' that is most similar to G (0) in G. In these problems, p and G (0) represent a given substructure of interest to a biologist, and G represents a large network in which the biologist desires to find a related substructure. These algorithms allow the study of common substructures in biological networks in order to understand how these networks evolve both within and between organisms. We reduce the path matching problem to finding a longest weighted path in a directed acyclic graph and show that the problem of finding top k suboptimal paths can be solved in polynomial time. This is in contrast with most previous approaches that used exponential time algorithms to find simple paths which are practical only when the paths are short. We reduce the graph matching problem to finding highest scoring subgraphs in a graph and give an exact algorithm to solve the problem when the query graph G (0) is of moderate size. This eliminates the need for less accurate heuristic or randomized algorithms. We show that our algorithms are able to extract biologically meaningful pathways from protein interaction networks in the DIP database and metabolic networks in the KEGG database. Software programs implementing these techniques (PathMatch and GraphMatch) are available at http://faculty.cs. tamu.edu/shsze/pathmatch and http://faculty.cs. tamu.edu/shsze/graphmatch.
A Comparison of U . S . Senate Races that Bush Visited

Many different elements make up the strength of a president, but a president with a majority in both houses of Congress works from a position of power. While a congressional majority does not guarantee that a president can pass his agenda (witness Jimmy Carter and the first two years of the Clinton presidency), a president that has majority in Congress will have natural allies instead of natural enemies when he works to enact his legislative agenda. The importance of a congressional majority is clearly not lost on presidents themselves, as they have come to campaign extensively for congressional candidates from their own party. It is not clear, however, whether presidential campaigning can do much to help candidates. For many, a presidential visit will be superfluous. For either the wellestablished incumbent or the sacrificial lamb running against such an incumbent, a presidential campaign visit is probably useless. But for those locked in a competitive, hard-fought race, can a visit from the president make a difference? This issue of presidential impact is subject to much commentary and speculation in the news media. In the usual case, the speculation is a mix of the positive and negative, with presidents earning marks more for effort than for result. But 2002 is a case of consensus: the president was highly effective in helping the election efforts of his partisans in Congress. The New York Times account on the morning after the election is typical. The Times wrote on page 1:
A Formal Theory of Key Conjuring

Key conjuring is the process by which an attacker obtains an unknown, encrypted key by repeatedly calling a cryptographic API function with random values in place of keys. We propose a formalism for detecting computationally feasible key conjuring operations, incorporated into a Dolev-Yao style model of the security API. We show that security in the presence of key conjuring operations is decidable for a particular class of APIs, which includes the key management API of IBM's common cryptographic architecture (CCA).
COM-1 Promotes Homologous Recombination during Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by Antagonizing Ku-Mediated Non-Homologous End Joining

Successful completion of meiosis requires the induction and faithful repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs can be repaired via homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), yet only repair via HR can generate the interhomolog crossovers (COs) needed for meiotic chromosome segregation. Here we identify COM-1, the homolog of CtIP/Sae2/Ctp1, as a crucial regulator of DSB repair pathway choice during Caenorhabditis elegans gametogenesis. COM-1–deficient germ cells repair meiotic DSBs via the error-prone pathway NHEJ, resulting in a lack of COs, extensive chromosomal aggregation, and near-complete embryonic lethality. In contrast to its yeast counterparts, COM-1 is not required for Spo11 removal and initiation of meiotic DSB repair, but instead promotes meiotic recombination by counteracting the NHEJ complex Ku. In fact, animals defective for both COM-1 and Ku are viable and proficient in CO formation. Further genetic dissection revealed that COM-1 acts parallel to the nuclease EXO-1 to promote interhomolog HR at early pachytene stage of meiotic prophase and thereby safeguards timely CO formation. Both of these nucleases, however, are dispensable for RAD-51 recruitment at late pachytene stage, when homolog-independent repair pathways predominate, suggesting further redundancy and/or temporal regulation of DNA end resection during meiotic prophase. Collectively, our results uncover the potentially lethal properties of NHEJ during meiosis and identify a critical role for COM-1 in NHEJ inhibition and CO assurance in germ cells.
Modeling the functional area of the thumb on mobile touchscreen surfaces

We present a predictive model for the functional area of the thumb on a touchscreen surface: the area of the interface reachable by the thumb of the hand that is holding the device. We derive a quadratic formula by analyzing the kinematics of the gripping hand. Model fit is high for the thumb-motion trajectories of 20 participants. The model predicts the functional area for a given 1) surface size, 2) hand size, and 3) position of the index finger on the back of the device. Designers can use this model to ensure that a user interface is suitable for interaction with the thumb. The model can also be used inversely - that is, to infer the grips assumed by a given user interface layout.
Disturbance feedbacks on the height of woody vegetation in a savannah: a multi-plot assessment using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

ABSTRACT Disturbances affect the woody, i.e. trees and shrubs, and herbaceous vegetation in savannah ecosystems worldwide. In Northern Namibia, livestock grazing and fires depict two prominent agents of disturbance. These affect the structural parameters of vegetation such as the height of woody species. Remote sensing is a tool to quantify such structural parameters. In particular, Image-Based Point Clouds (IBPCs) obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are nowadays increasingly used for three-dimensional (3D) remote-sensing applications. Here we aim at deriving the height of woody stands through a multi-plot UAV campaign (n = 19) carried out at the end of the dry season. We use direct georeferencing from the navigation-grade instruments on board the UAV in a Structure-from-Motion (SfM) approach. Watershed segmentation is applied to derive plot-scale height metrics (maximum, mean, and median) based on delineated individuals. Fire and grazing – both individually and synergistically – are then investigated for their impacts on UAV-derived height metrics. The results indicate good agreement between the UAV-derived and in situ-measured height metrics on the plot scale (coefficient of determination (R2) approximately 0.7, root mean square error (RMSE) <1.9 m). Underestimations of height are apparent with large, leafless trees. Clumping of equally sized individuals complicated their correct delineation. Grazing was found to be significant for all height metrics as well as in combination with fire for the plots’ maxima. We conclude that the approach applied here is able to reproduce the plot-scale heights of woody vegetation with acceptable accuracy. We attribute the observed height reductions with the simultaneous presence of disturbances to legacy effects.
Knowledge Management System for Zakat

Zakat is one of the Islamic pillars that has strategic contribution to the society. Zakat is one of the Muslim obligation. It is also a form of social solidarity. The collaborative research conducted by Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNas) and Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) estimated the potential of zakat collection in Indonesia could reach about Rp 217 trillion every year that has not been achieved yet. Researchers and practitioners have advised to implement a Knowledge Management System (KMS) to optimize the collection and BAZNas’s objectives. The objective of this research is to develop web-based Zakat Knowledge Management System (ZKMS). The KMS development methodology is done with using Knowledge Management System Life Cycle (KMSLC). Knowledge has been captured from experts consisting of practitioners and scientists from BAZNas of Bogor City, muzakki, documents, books and journals. ZKMS was developed using ASP.NET framework, C# programming language and MySQL database management system. The system has menu that are user, zakat knowledge, questions and answers with experts, interaction between members, about us, profiles and knowledge sources. This system is designed be user friendly to get, know, make, share, store and disseminate actual and contemporary of zakat knowledge.
Association of Body Mass Index with Physical Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Arthritis

Arthritis and obesity, both highly prevalent, contribute greatly to the burden of disability in US adults. We examined whether body mass index (BMI) was associated with physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures among adults with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. We assessed objectively measured BMI and physical functioning (six-minute walk, chair stand, seated reach, walking velocity, hand grip) and self-reported HRQOL (depression, stiffness, pain, fatigue, disability, quality of life-mental, and quality of life, physical) were assessed. Self-reported age, gender, race, physical activity, and arthritis medication use (covariates) were also assessed. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models examined the association between BMI and objective measures of functioning and self-reported measures of HRQOL. BMI was significantly associated with all functional (Ps ≤ 0.007) and HRQOL measures (Ps ≤ 0.03) in the unadjusted models. Associations between BMI and all functional measures (Ps ≤ 0.001) and most HRQOL measures remained significant in the adjusted models (Ps ≤ 0.05); depression and quality of life, physical, were not significant. The present analysis of a range of HRQOL and objective measures of physical function demonstrates the debilitating effects of the combination of overweight and arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. Future research should focus on developing effective group and self-management programs for weight loss for people with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (registered on clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01172327).
Decidable Expansions of Labelled Linear Orderings

Let M = (A, <, P) where (A, <) is a linear ordering and P denotes a finite sequence of monadic predicates on A. We show that if A contains an interval of order type ω or -ω, and the monadic second-order theory of M is decidable, then there exists a non-trivial expansion M′ of M by a monadic predicate such that the monadic second-order theory of M′ is still decidable.
Automated identiﬁcation of RNA conformational motifs: theory and application to the HM LSU 23S rRNA

We develop novel methods for recognizing and cataloging conformational states of RNA, and for discovering statistical rules governing those states. We focus on the conformation of the large ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui . The two approaches described here involve torsion matching and binning. Torsion matching is a pattern-recognition code which ﬁnds structural repetitions. Binning is a classiﬁcation technique based on distributional models of the data. In comparing the results of the two methods we have tested the hypothesis that the conformation of a very large complex RNA molecule can be described accurately by a limited number of discrete conformational states. We identify and eliminate extraneous and redundant information without losing accuracy. We conclude, as expected, that four of the torsion angles contain the overwhelming bulk of the structural information. That information is not signiﬁ-cantly compromised by binning the continuous torsional information into a limited number of discrete values. The correspondence between torsion matching and binning is 99% (per residue). Binning, however, does have several advantages. In particular, we demonstrate that the conformation of a large complex RNA molecule can be represented by a small alphabet. In addition, the binning method lends itself to a natural graphical representation using trees.
Pexophagy: The Selective Degradation of Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are single-membrane-bounded organelles present in the majority of eukaryotic cells. Despite the existence of great diversity among different species, cell types, and under different environmental conditions, peroxisomes contain enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids and the generation, as well as detoxification, of hydrogen peroxide. The exigency of all eukaryotic cells to quickly adapt to different environmental factors requires the ability to precisely and efficiently control peroxisome number and functionality. Peroxisome homeostasis is achieved by the counterbalance between organelle biogenesis and degradation. The selective degradation of superfluous or damaged peroxisomes is facilitated by several tightly regulated pathways. The most prominent peroxisome degradation system uses components of the general autophagy core machinery and is therefore referred to as “pexophagy. ” In this paper we focus on recent developments in pexophagy and provide an overview of current knowledge and future challenges in the field. We compare different modes of pexophagy and mention shared and distinct features of pexophagy in yeast model systems, mammalian cells, and other organisms.
DAILY ASSYMETRY OF AIR TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN UKRAINE

УДК 551.583. 1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2018.03. 021 В. І. Осадчий1, Е. Агуілар2, О. А. Скриник3, Д. О. Бойчук4, В. П. Сіденко4, О. Я. Скриник1 1Український гідрометеорологічний інститут, Київ 2Центр дослідження кліматичних змін, C3, Університет Ровіра і Віргілі, Вела сека (Тарагона), Іспанія 3Національний університет біоресурсів та природокористування України, Київ 4 Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка
Identification of antimicrobial activity among FDA-approved drugs for combating Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae.

OBJECTIVES Rapidly growing mycobacteria have long been neglected in drug discovery efforts and this neglect is reflected in the paucity of therapeutic options available for diseases resulting from these infections. The purpose of this work is to identify new candidate drugs for treating non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) by testing FDA-approved drugs for antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae, two emerging NTM drug-resistant pathogens. METHODS In this study, we screened 1040 FDA-approved drugs against M. abscessus and M. chelonae. RESULTS Of the drugs screened, 32 compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with an MIC ≤ 8 mg/L, against M. chelonae, while only 7 compounds showed such activity against M. abscessus. Notably, neostigmine bromide and cinnarizine exhibited highly significant antimicrobial activity against M. chelonae, but had little potency against M. abscessus. Metronidazole and puromycin were the only drugs that acted equipotently against both strains, in decreasing order of effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS The dearth of identified compounds active against M. abscessus exemplifies its ability to resist drugs as well as the resilience of rapidly growing NTM. Repurposing of approved drugs is a viable alternative to de novo drug discovery and development.
A Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Ortholog of MicroRNA miR-155 Induces Human Splenic B-Cell Expansion in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγnull Mice

ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a B-cell-tropic virus associated with KS and B-cell lymphomas, encodes 12 miRNA genes that are highly expressed in these tumor cells. One viral miRNA, miR-K12-11, shares 100% seed sequence homology with hsa-miR-155, an oncogenic human miRNA that functions as a key regulator of hematopoiesis and B-cell differentiation. So far, in vitro studies have shown that both miRNAs can regulate a common set of cellular target genes, suggesting that miR-K12-11 may mimic miR-155 function. To comparatively study miR-K12-11 and miR-155 function in vivo, we used a foamy virus vector to express the miRNAs in human hematopoietic progenitors and performed immune reconstitutions in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγnull mice. We found that ectopic expression of miR-K12-11 or miR-155 leads to a significant expansion of the CD19+ B-cell population in the spleen. Subsequent quantitative PCR analyses of these splenic B cells revealed that C/EBPβ, a transcriptional regulator of interleukin-6 that is linked to B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, is downregulated when either miR-K12-11 or miR-155 is ectopically expressed. In addition, inhibition of miR-K12-11 function using antagomirs in KSHV-infected human primary effusion lymphoma B cells resulted in derepression of C/EBPβ transcript levels. This in vivo study validates miR-K12-11 as a functional ortholog of miR-155 in the context of hematopoiesis and suggests a novel mechanism by which KSHV miR-K12-11 induces splenic B-cell expansion and potentially KSHV-associated lymphomagenesis by targeting C/EBPβ.
Relationship between SST gradients and upwelling off Peru and Chile: model/satellite data analysis

ABSTRACT The upwelling system off Peru/Chile is characterized by significant mesoscale to submesoscale surface variability that results from the instability of the coastal currents (due to the strong vertical and horizontal shears) and to the marked density cross-shore gradients (associated with the mean upwelling). Here we investigate to what extent upwelling intensity can be inferred from sea surface temperature (SST) derived from remote sensing. As a first step in validation, a comparison between SST observations is performed, which indicates that the 1 km gridded multi-scale ultra-high-resolution (MUR) SST data set is defining a zone of maximum SST gradients closer to shore than the low-resolution National Centers for Environmental Information 0.25° resolution data set. Two model versions, at nominal resolutions of 2 km and 4 km, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model are analysed. A high-resolution version at 2 km is examined for the period 13 September 2011–23 January 2013, while a 4 km version is examined for 6 March 2011–22 April 2013. MUR shows maxima SST gradients in the range of 0.03 ± 0.02 K km−1 while the model showed higher gradients around 0.05 ± 0.02 K km−1. Based on coherence spectra, the relationship between upwelling rate (as inferred from the vertical velocity) and SST gradient is documented in the model from intraseasonal to annual timescales. It suggests that changes in SST gradient magnitudes are related to changes in the intensity of coastal upwelling off Peru and Chile. Such a relationship between SST gradients and vertical velocity would allow for the use of satellite-derived SSTs to monitor the intensity of coastal upwelling from the intraseasonal to annual timescales.
Computer Graphics-Based Target Detection for Synthetic Soldiers

Abstract : The information provided to a software agent fundamentally affects its behavior. It is a trivial observation that an agent cannot respond to an environmental stimulus of which it is not aware. In a similar vein providing an agent with information that a human participant in the simulation would not be aware of in the same circumstances may result in inaccurate agent behavior. In 3D virtual simulations, the most basic information provided to an agent concerns what battlefield entities that they can see. The standard approach used in 3D simulations with high visual fidelity, such as video games, is to use a line-of-sight (LOS) trace between entities to determine if they can see each other. LOS is arguably a very poor model of target detection, particularly in its failure to take camouflage smoke, and darkness into account. In this paper, we describe a new approach that is an adaptation of a standard target acquisition model, to the domain of high visual fidelity simulations rendered on conventional graphics hardware. The new approach avoids the problems of LOS. We describe two variants of the approach, compare their predictions to human performance, and characterize their remaining deficiencies.