Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iterative-learning-based torque-ripple compensation in a transverse flux motor

Transverse flux motors (TFMs) are playing an increasingly important role in various drive systems owing to their high power densities, high efficiency, high torque at low speeds and reduced weight. The TFM is suitable for a variety of direct-drive applications where high efficiency and low maintenance are required. However, one of the main drawbacks of the TFM is its high parasitic torque pulsations, which severely limit its use in high-end applications where torque smoothness is very important. To overcome this limitation, an iterative learning control scheme that eliminates periodic torque-ripple effects is presented. An indirect, D-type, frequency-domain approach in a stand-alone configuration is proposed. Simulations and an experimental verification were performed, and the results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Fractional relaxations in photonic crystals

A quantum dot interacting with the radiation field of a photonic crystal is considered. An analytical description of the dynamics and the coherence between the two states of the quantum dot is provided. Besides the well-known trapping, a fractional nature of the dynamics appears via relaxations of the Mittag–Leffler type. Furthermore, coherence exhibits a transition from the decay t − 3 / 2 ? > to t − 1 / 2 ? > if the transition frequency of the quantum dot is exactly in the middle of the band gap. Similarly, the population of the excited level undergoes a transition from the relaxation 1 / t 3 ? > to 1 / t ? > . These resonances and transitions belong also to the context of matter-wave emissions in optical lattices.
The SIFT Image Feature Matching Based on the Plural Differential

For the existing methods of image registration based on feature, a new method of image registration based on plural differential is proposed with the theory of plural differential. The proposed method uses plural differential to enhance the texture feature of the digital image first, and then uses SIFT to extract the keypoints, at last uses the RANSAC algorithm to get the correct number of matching keypoints.
COHOMOLOGY RINGS OF TORIC HYPERKÄHLER MANIFOLDS

A hyperKahler quotient of a quaternionic vector space HN by a subtorus of TN is called a toric hyperKahler manifold if it has a manifold structure. We describe the cohomology ring of a toric hyperKahler manifold in two ways. Since its topology depends only on the subtorus, we describe its cohomology ring only in terms of the subtorus. On the other hand, a toric hyperKahler manifold is constructed from a certain arrangement of hyperplanes. So we also describe its cohomology ring in terms of the arrangement of hyperplanes.
New design of multicore nonlinear photonic crystal fiber for mid-IR supercontinuum generation

Supercontinuum (SC) generation in six core hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber (PCF) made of As2Se3-based chalcogenide glass was numerically investigated. The fiber was excited by 50 fs input pulse with hyperbolic secant field profile with tunability range of 2.5-5.5 μm. We obtained a flat-top normal dispersion profile when choosing Λ=1 μm and d=0.9 μm. By pumping near the zero dispersion wavelength, a high coherent SC spanning over 4 μm was generated with a launched pulse energy of E= 100 pJ in only 1 cm fiber length. The generated SC is therefore ideal for applications in ultrafast science, metrology, coherent control, non-destructive testing, spectroscopy, and optical coherence tomography in the mid-infrared region.
An Analysis of the “Blizzard of '88”

Abstract A collection of detailed surface weather observations is used to construct an analysis of the legendary “Blizzard of '88,” an intense cyclone that was accompanied by unusually heavy snowfall, high winds and cold temperatures across the northeastern United States from 11 to 14 March 1888. The analysis follows the cyclone from genesis along a slow-moving frontal system, through rapid development and occlusion along the Middle Atlantic and southern New England coasts. Unusual aspects of the cyclone are highlighted. These include the limited areal extent of heavy snow accumulations, the establishment of very cold air across western New England and the Middle Atlantic states, a persistent stationary frontal zone across central New England that separated frigid continental air from maritime air, and the slow movement and rapid warming associated with the decay of the storm.
Analytic velocity-dependent potential for bound and scattering states of electrons and atoms

In this work we represent the static potential of an electron interacting with an atom by a sum of two Debye-Hueckel or Yukawa functions. We approximate the nonlocal exchange term by an attractive, velocity-dependent potential using the effective-mass approximation with a regularized Yukawa form factor. This is transformed to an approximate local but energy-dependent potential. We also include an imaginary term with a regularized Yukawa form factor in the static potential. We apply this framework to a description of the bound and scattering states of electrons interacting with atomic oxygen and electrons interacting with neon. The results suggest that a small degree of velocity or energy dependence yields improvements with respect to the use of strictly static electron-atom potentials. In applications to atomic physics the formalism which is economical in parameters should serve as a simple parametrization of experimental data and as a means of extrapolation and interpolation of experimental observations.
An Evolutionary Approach for Simulating Continuous Coalition Formation

In this paper, we present an evolutionary approach for introducing inertia on continuous cooperative games. We are implementing a simulator which allows us to simulate how coalition formation could be dynamically changed in a situation when we will have different coalition rules in each time. We introduce the concept of inertia in a coalition structure formation and it has been applied to our simulation environment. Introducing inertia in a coalition formation prevents unnecessary or too frequent changes of existing coalition structures into another structure even when its original coalition structure has the equal efficiency to another one. This has been done since a coalition structure generator may find another a coalition structure at that time but the changing cost prevents the transition of coalition structure.
Power law error growth in multi-hierarchical chaotic systems—a dynamical mechanism for finite prediction horizon

We propose a dynamical mechanism for a strictly finite prediction horizon, i.e. a scenatio of chaotic motion where asymptotically a more precise knowledge of the initial condition does note translate into a longer closeness of the forecast to the truth. For this, we propose a class of hierarchical dynamical systems which possess a scale dependent error growth rate in the form of a power law. Actually, this is motivated by and consistent with well known hierarchies of patterns in atmospheric dynamics. This scale dependent error growth rate in form of a power law translates in power law error growth over time instead of exponential error growth as in conventional chaotic systems. The consequence is a strictly finite prediction horizon, since in the limit of infinitesimal errors of initial conditions, the error growth rate diverges and hence additional accuracy is not translated into longer prediction times. By re-analyzing data of the National Center for Environmental Protect Global Forecast System, a weather prediction model, published by Harlim et al (2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 228501) we show that such a power law error growth rate can indeed be found in numerical weather forecast models and estimate it average maximal prediction horizon to about 15 d.
The resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations in anisotropic spaces

In this paper we prove global existence and uniqueness for solutions of the 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with small initial data in spaces which are Hdi in the i-th direction, d1 + d2 + d3 = 1/2, -1/2 < di < 1/2 and in a space which is L2 in the first two directions and B2,11/2 in the third direction, where H and B denote the usual homogeneous Sobolev and Besov spaces.
The spatial distribution of X-ray clusters of galaxies

Un echantillon plein-ciel complet des 53 amas de galaxies RX les plus brillants est presente. Une frequence elevee de paires est notee ainsi qu'une forte concentration dans la direction du Grand Attracteur. Le moment dipolaire des amas RX ne coincide pas avec celui du dipole du rayonnement microonde de fond
Test Facility to Study Surface-Interaction Processes for Particle Detection in Space

The Imager for Low Energetic Neutral Atoms test facility at the University of Bern was developed to investigate, characterize, and quantify physical processes on surfaces that are used to ionize neutral atoms before their analysis in neutral particle-sensing instruments designed for space research. The facility has contributed valuable knowledge of the interaction of ions with surfaces (e.g., fraction of ions scattered from surfaces and angular scattering distribution) and employs a novel measurement principle for the determination of secondary electron emission yields as a function of energy, angle of incidence, particle species, and sample surface for low particle energies. Only because of this test facility it was possible to successfully apply surface-science processes for the new detection technique for low-energetic neutral particles with energies below about 1 keV used in space applications. All successfully flown spectrometers for the detection of low-energetic neutrals based on the particle–surfa.
Determining the Optimum Process Mean of a One-sided Specification Limit with the Linear Quality Loss Function of Product

Wen & Mergen (1999) proposed a method for setting the optimal process mean when a process was not capable of meeting specifications in the short term. However, they neglected to consider the quality loss for a product within specifications in the model. Chen & Chou (2002) presented a modified Wen & Mergen's (1999) model, including the quadratic quality loss function for a one-sided specification limit. In this paper, we propose the modified Wen & Mergen (1999) cost model including the linear quality loss function of a product for determining the optimal process mean of a one-sided specification limit.
A Turbulence Closure for the Convective Boundary Layer Based on a Two-Scale Mass-Flux Approach

The closure problem for the convective turbulence of the shear-free and low to moderate wind atmospheric boundary layer is considered. Non-Gaussian parameterizations are developed for fourth-order moments based on a two-scale mass-flux approach. With this approach the ballistic stirring of fluid by coherent structures is taken into account and the differences in the horizontal scales and spacing of the velocity and temperature fields are recognized. The fractional coverage of positive temperature variations is introduced, as well as the fractional coverage of positive vertical velocity fluctuations. The parameterizations are compared to those of the traditional mass-flux scheme and of the classical eddy-damped quasi-normal approach, and the principal similarities and dissimilarities are outlined. The results of testing the parameterizations against aircraft measurements at moderate wind and against large eddy simulation data of free convective conditions show good agreement between model predictions and data.
A stability property

In this note we obtain a stability property, not for a point of equilibrium, but for a certain family of asymptotically stable equilibria of a dynamical system with an input. We show that this property depends not only on the initial condition, but also on the (time) derivative of the input function. We suggest possible applications of this result to some control problems.
An asymptotic theory for the nugget estimator in spatial models

The nugget effect is an important parameter for spatial prediction. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric nugget estimator based on the classical semivariogram estimator and describe its large sample distributional properties. Our main results are a central limit theorem and a risk calculation for the estimator when observations are made from a nearly infill domain sampling. From our results, we note that the performance of the estimator depends on the sampling design as well as the choice of bandwidth. In particular, we show that the estimator suffers from strong dependency when d, the dimension of the underlying spatial process, is less than or equal to 2a, a parameter related to the degree of smoothness and dependence of the underlying process. When d>2a, however, the estimator turns out to achieve an optimal rate with an optimal choice of h. We report on the results of simulations to empirically study the estimator.
Temperature Dependence of Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

We evaluated the conduction mechanisms and temperature dependence of HIT (heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer) structure solar cells while changing the thickness of the undoped amorphous silicon layer. It was confirmed that the diffusion model determined the carrier transport property of this device at the high-forward-bias region (0.4<V<0.8 V), whereas the multistep tunneling model determined the current transport at the low-bias region (0.1<V<0.4 V). The insertion of the high-quality hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) i-layer is very important for suppressing the probabilities of tunneling through the localized states in a-Si:H and surface recombination velocity at the heterointerface. The better temperature dependence of output power of HIT structure solar cells than that of the crystalline silicon (c-Si) homojunction solar cell is caused mainly by the high-open circuit voltage that originates in the effectively suppressed saturation current with HIT structure, and also by the fill factor (F.F.), which is affected by the change in conductivity in the a-Si:H i-layer.
Simultaneous generation of ions and high-order harmonics from thin conjugated polymer foil irradiated with ultrahigh contrast laser

We report the manufacturing of an (ultra-)thin foil target made of conjugated polymer, poly(9,9′-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), and the simultaneous observation of laser-accelerated ions and second harmonic radiation, when irradiated with ultrahigh-contrast laser pulse at a maximum intensity of 4 × 1019 W/cm2. Maximum proton energy of 8 MeV is achieved along the target normal direction. Strong second harmonic with over 6% energy ratio compared to fundamental is emitted along the specular direction. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirm the simultaneous generation of protons and high-order harmonics, which demonstrates the feasibility of applications requiring particle and radiation sources at once, effectively using the same laser and target.
Understanding Teachers' Design Thinking in Designing Game-Based Activities

There is a need to reframe teachers' roles from content area experts to that of learning experience designers because of 21st century teaching challenges. As learning experience designers, teachers help students develop 21st century competencies via guided cognitive and social participation in designed learning activities such as games and gamified activities. In this qualitative case study, we explore teachers' design thinking in designing a lesson plan that involves the use of a card game designed for complex system understanding. Six teachers' thoughts about learning activity design are unpacked via the following activities: playing a card game, crafting a game-based lesson plan, and reporting their design thinking via semi-structural interviews. We discuss similarities in the teachers' views on game-based learning and the structure of their designed lessons, as well as implications of the study. This baseline study helps us map out how teachers think about learning experience design. Such understanding is critical for developing teachers as designers.
Local Climate Zones for Urban Temperature Studies

The effect of urban development on local thermal climate is widely documented in scientific literature. Observations of urban–rural air temperature differences—or urban heat islands (UHIs)—have been reported for cities and regions worldwide, often with local field sites that are extremely diverse in their physical and climatological characteristics. These sites are usually described only as “urban” or “rural,” leaving much uncertainty about the actual exposure and land cover of the sites. To address the inadequacies of urban–rural description, the “local climate zone” (LCZ) classification system has been developed. The LCZ system comprises 17 zone types at the local scale (102 to 104 m). Each type is unique in its combination of surface structure, cover, and human activity. Classification of sites into appropriate LCZs requires basic metadata and surface characterization. The zone definitions provide a standard framework for reporting and comparing field sites and their temperature observations. The LCZ s.
Nonstandard Point Counting for Algebraic Varieties

For varieties over a field k, we define motivic measures with values in ordered fields, using point counting over finite fields and taking the limits with respect to ultrafilters. Some properties and problems related to such measures are discussed. We define similar measures for algebraic dynamical systems by counting periodic points, and explain how they can be used to prove certain statements, such as the non-rationality of a motivic zeta function.
Modes of dielectric waveguides of arbitrary cross sectional shape

A technique is presented for determining the modal propagation properties of a homogeneous cylindrical dielectric waveguide of arbitrary cross sectional shape and index n1 embedded in a medium of index n2. Both the weakly guiding case in which n1 ≈ n2 and the general case of arbitrary index difference are discussed theoretically. In both cases the approach is to derive integral representations for appropriate components of E and B. These satisfy the appropriate Helmholtz equations inside and outside the guide and also guarantee that the boundary conditions are satisfied. On expansion of the components in certain sets of basis functions, the representations become a set of linear equations. The vanishing of the determinant of this set yields the propagation constants of the various modes. Numerical results are given for weakly guiding fibers of various shapes. Among these are rectangles and ellipses, which make comparisons with previous work possible.
Subgrid‐scale modeling of compressible turbulent flows

A subgrid‐scale (SGS) model for compressible turbulent flows is presented in the combination of the mass‐weighted filtering procedure with the theoretical results from a two‐scale DIA. This model consists of the filtered equations for mass, momentum, and internal energy as well as the equation for the intensity of SGS density fluctuation. In this model, the effects of fluid compressibility appear through the intensity of SGS density fluctuation and the divergence of the grid‐scale velocity. The model with the SGS density fluctuation neglected leads to the simplest compressible version of the Smagorinsky model.
Gyrokinetic simulations of mesoscale energetic particle-driven Alfvénic turbulent transport embedded in microturbulence

Energetic particle (EP) transport from local high-n toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) and energetic particle modes (EPMs) is simulated with a gyrokinetic code. Linear and nonlinear simulations have identified a parameter range where the longwave TAE and EPM are unstable alongside the well-known ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) and trapped-electron-mode (TEM) instabilities. A new eigenvalue solver in GYRO facilitates this mode identification. States of nonlinearly saturated local TAE/EPM turbulent intensity are identified, showing a “soft” transport threshold for enhanced energetic particle transport against the TAE/EPM drive from the EP pressure gradient. The very long-wavelength (mesoscale) TAE/EPM transport is saturated partially by nonlinear interaction with microturbulent ITG/TEM-driven zonal flows. Fixed-gradient-length, nonlinearly saturated states are accessible over a relatively narrow range of EP pressure gradient. Within this range, and in the local limit employed, TAE/EPM-driven transport more cl.
An Eulerian finite‐volume scheme for large elastoplastic deformations in solids

Conservative formulations of the governing laws of elastoplastic solid media have distinct advantages when solved using high‐order shock capturing methods for simulating processes involving large deformations and shock waves. In this paper one such model is considered where inelastic deformations are accounted for via conservation laws for elastic strain with relaxation source terms. Plastic deformations are governed by the relaxation time of tangential stresses. Compared with alternative Eulerian conservative models, the governing system consists of fewer equations overall. A numerical scheme for the inhomogeneous system is proposed based upon the temporal splitting. In this way the reduced system of non‐linear elasticity is solved explicitly, with convective fluxes evaluated using high‐order approximations of Riemann problems locally throughout the computational mesh. Numerical stiffness of the relaxation terms at high strain rates is avoided by utilizing certain properties of the governing model and performing an implicit update. The methods are demonstrated using test cases involving large deformations and high strain rates in one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polynomial convergence rates of Markov chains.

In this paper we consider Foster–Liapounov-type drift conditions for Markov chains which imply polynomial rate convergence to stationarity in appropriate V-norms. We also show how these results can be used to prove central limit theorems for functions of the Markov chain. We consider two examples concerning random walks on the half line and the independence sampler.
Universal logic design algorithm and its application to the synthesis of two-level switching circuits

The paper presents Thelen's algorithm (1981) and its application to the (1981) problems which arise in the logic design of two-level multiple-output switching circuits. The paper shows that the logic minimisation procedures, such as the expansion of implicants, detection of essential primes, computation of a minimal cover and reduction of prime implicants can be reduced to one problem and efficiently solved by the use of Thelen's algorithm. Based on these new procedures the author presents two heuristic minimisation algorithms, an iterative Espresso-like minimiser and a very fast one-pass minimiser, and discusses their results. Both minimiser differ from known algorithms in that minimisation is based on only one fundamental (easily programmable) procedure and minimisation of incompletely specified Boolean functions is performed without use of the don't care set. Because of the latter aspect the design algorithms are especially suited for the minimisation of logic functions whose don't care set is large and/or not explicitly given. The algorithms have been successfully tested in the design of finite state machines and are part of the CAD-system CARLOS, a logic synthesis system for the design of multilevel CMOS switching circuits.