Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implicit Large Eddy Simulation of Transitional Flow over a SD7003 Wing Using High-order Spectral Difference Method

The transitional flow with a laminar separation bubble over a SD7003 wing at a low Reynolds number = × and angle of attack = . is numerically computed using implicit large eddy simulation with a spectral difference method on unstructured hexahedral meshes. The averaged and statistical results are compared with previously published results. A laminar separation bubble forms after the flow detaches from the suction side of the wing. After the vortex breakdown, the separated flow transitions to turbulent flow and reattaches to the wall. The origin and growth of the initial disturbances are investigated. The vortex breakdown process and the transition mechanism are described and discussed.
Further Beyond Zipf's Law: An Empirically Useful Augmentation of the Zipf-Mandelbrot Law

Power laws as descriptions of word frequencies within a written corpus are familiar, omnipresent, and clearly approximate, relationships. We prepare a corpus from text collected from Twitter and study the word distribution. Although this is approximated by the Zipf distribution, and better approximated by the Mandelbrot’s extension to that form, we show that a better approximating distribution may be formed with a quadratic extension to the Zipf-Mandelbrot form.
A super-heterodyne passive 35 GHz millimeter-wave imaging system for detecting hidden objects

Abstract Passive millimeter-wave imaging systems (PMWIS) are employed for detecting concealed objects by mapping millimeter waves emitted from materials or living tissues. The emitted waves are measured by a receiver or radiometers without employing external wave sources. In this paper, a new super-heterodyne receiver front-end of a PMWIS at 35 GHz with an even order band pass filter is simulated and implemented. The receiver has a suitable temperature resolution for the use of hidden object imaging, is integrated and lightweight assembled on one-layer board. It has a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz, a noise figure (NF) of 2.2, and a temperature resolution of 0.126 K. The even order filter is implemented based on the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, with Chebyshev response. The filters are designed at the central frequency of 35 GHz with the bandwidth of 1.5 GHz and one of them has controllable transmission zeroes. The filters are made by printed circuit board technology, employing SIW as resonators, having a high-quality factor of 23.33. Additionally, a triple-stage radio frequency (RF) low noise amplifier has been implemented having the specification of: RF 34.25–35.75 GHz; bandwidth 1.5 GHz; gain >60 dB; NF <2.3 dB, which are better indexes compared to some other works.
Eating Disorders and Dietary Supplements: A Review of the Science

Disordered eating is a serious health concern globally. The etiology is complex and multidimensional and differs somewhat for each specific eating disorder. Several risk factors have been identified which include psychological, genetic, biochemical, environmental, and sociocultural factors. Poor body image, low self-esteem, teasing, family dynamics, and exposure to media images have also been identified as risk factors. While it is enticing to consider a single behavioral risk factor, doing so fails to consider the documented environmental, social, psychological, biological, and cultural factors that contribute to the development of an eating disorder in a multidimensional and complex integration that is undoubtedly unique to everyone. Focusing only on any one factor without taking the complex etiology into account is remiss. For example, it has been suggested that the use of dietary supplements may lead to eating disorders, despite a lack of evidence to support this conjecture. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the evidence-based risk factors for eating disorders and discuss why connecting dietary supplements to eating disorder etiology is not supported by the scientific literature and may interfere with treatment. Established, effective prevention and treatment approaches for eating disorders should be the focus of public health initiatives in this domain.
A quasistatic analysis of a plate on consolidating layered soils by analytical layer‐element/finite element method coupling

In this paper, a coupling method between finite element and analytical layer‐elements is utilized to analyze the time‐dependent behavior of a plate of any shape and finite rigidity resting on layered saturated soils. Based on the integral transform techniques together with the aid of an order reduction method, an analytical layer‐element solution is derived from the governing equations for three‐dimensional Biot consolidation with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system and then extended to be the fundamental solution for the layered saturated soil under a point load. The Mindlin plate is modeled by eight‐noded isoparametric elements. The governing equations of the interaction between soil and plate in the Laplace‐Fourier transformed domain are deduced by referring to the coupling theory of FEM/BEM, and the final solution is obtained by applying numerical inversion. Numerical examples concerned with the time‐dependent response of a plate are performed to demonstrate the influence of soil and plate properties on the interaction process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity and Simmetry of Confirmation Measures

Bayesian Confirmation Measures can be used in ranking inductive rules obtained as an output when using Association Rules in database mining. Many measures of this kind have been defined and the choice of the right one can be considered as a further challenge to be faced. In this paper we try to classify them observing their sensitivity and simmetry properties.
A novel method of predicting gamma-turns using SVM and multiple alignment profiles

From both the structural and functional point of view, tight turns play an important role as well as /spl alpha/-helix and /spl beta/-sheet, /spl gamma/-turn, the second most characterized and commonly found tight turn after the /spl beta/-turn, is defined as a three-residue turn. Recently, Kaur and Raghava developed a neural network method to predict /spl gamma/-turns and achieved perfect results. In this paper, we employ a SVM method using both evolutionary information and secondary structure information to predict /spl gamma/-turns. Compared to the neural network method, our method improves several performance measures, such as prediction accuracy, and MCC. Also we use a new performance measure, SOV, to assess our method.
Developing a multiview spatiotemporal model based on deep graph neural networks to predict the travel demand by bus

Abstract The accurate prediction of travel demand by bus is crucial for effective urban mobility demand management. However, most models of travel demand prediction by bus tend to focus on the bus’s spatiotemporal dependencies, while ignoring the interactions between buses and other transportation modes, such as metros and taxis. We propose a Multiview Spatiotemporal Graph Neural Network (MSTGNN) model to predict short-term travel demand by bus. It emphasizes the ability to capture the interaction dependencies among the travel demand of buses, metros, and taxis. Firstly, a multiview graph consisting of bus, metro, and taxi views is constructed, with each view containing both a local and global graph. Secondly, a multiview attention-based temporal graph convolution module is developed to capture spatiotemporal and cross-view interaction dependencies among different transport modes. Especially, to address the uneven spatial distributions of features in multiview learning, the cross-view spatial feature consistency loss is introduced as an auxiliary loss. Finally, we conduct intensive experiments using a real-world dataset from Shenzhen, China. The results demonstrate that our proposed MSTGNN model performs better than the existing models. Ablation experiments validate the contributions of various modes of transportation to the improvement of the model’s performance.
Journey to Diagnosis of Young-Onset Dementia: A Qualitative Study of People with Young-Onset Dementia and their Family Caregivers in Australia

Objectives This study aims to explore the journey to dementia diagnosis and reaction to the diagnosis from the perspective of people with young-onset dementia living in the community from diverse areas in Australia (metropolitan, regional, rural) and their family caregivers. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with community-dwelling people with early to moderate young-onset Alzheimer’s disease (n = 8) or frontotemporal dementia (n = 5) and one person with both Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia, and family caregivers of community-dwelling people with young-onset Alzheimer’s disease and/or frontotemporal dementia (n = 28). This study employed interpretive description. Thematic analysis was conducted for emergent themes, comparisons and interplay between themes. Findings The journey to the diagnosis is characterised as involving an extensive period of the gradual worsening of symptoms, drawn out investigations, and difficulties facing the prospect of a diagnosis of young-onset dementia. Participants with young-onset dementia struggled to manage their symptoms and the process of seeking a diagnosis was often slow due to difficulties during the course of their medical investigations and feeling reluctance to face the possibility of having dementia. Once participants finally received the diagnosis of young-onset dementia, participants with young-onset dementia and their family caregivers experienced feelings of devastation and shock, in some cases denial and avoidance, and even, confirmation and relief at having received a diagnosis. In some instances, participants experienced more than one of these reactions. There was a profound realisation by participants that a diagnosis of young-onset dementia had serious implications on their life and future. Conclusion The journey to diagnosis was found to be a drawn-out process and receiving the diagnosis was a shock for both people with young-onset dementia and their family caregivers. The findings highlight the significance of the role healthcare professionals play in both the diagnostic and post-diagnostic journey, particularly in terms of supporting patients with young-onset dementia and their family caregivers.
Jamming Enabled Variable Stiffness Wrist Exoskeleton for Tremor Suppression

Parkinson's disease is a chronic disorder that affects the central nervous system of patients. It affects millions of aging populations around the world every year. Approximately 80% of Parkinson's disease patients suffer from tremors which significantly reduce their life quality. In this study, we present a variable stiffness wrist exoskeleton (VSW-Exo) that is lightweight (less than 300 g on the wrist) and can effectively suppress wrist tremors in all three degrees of freedom. The functioning material of the variable stiffness unit is a novel chain mail-like structured fabric whose stiffness can be pneumatically controlled over a wide range under the jamming transition. Bending and Torsion tests are performed to characterize the VSW-Exo's damping force and torque. To evaluate the VSW-Exo's performance on human bodies, we devise vibration experiments to evaluate the prototype's performance on tremor suppression. The testing results show that our VSW-Exo's tremor suppression efficiency can reach up from 64.11 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 10.92% to 67.24 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 6.74%. Compared to other tremor suppression devices, our VSW-Exo can provide enough damping forces and torques to suppress tremors in all 3 directions with high efficiency and low weight on the wrist.
Substrate Biasing Effect in a High-Voltage Monolithically-Integrated GaN-on-SOI Half Bridge With Partial Recessed-Gate HEMTs

The physical mechanism of the substrate biasing effect (SBE) in a high-voltage monolithically-integrated GaN-on-SOI half bridge with partial recessed-gate high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) is comprehensively analyzed by TCAD simulation. The SBE originates from the capacitive coupling of the buffer layer and the buffer traps, which can be effectively suppressed by the GaN-on-SOI platform with the top Si shorted to the source technology. The simulations show that the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of high side HEMT on the GaN-on-SOI platform with the top Si shorted to the source is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.223 {\Omega }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and does not degrade with the bus voltage increase, while the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases from 0.223 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.900 {\Omega }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the case on GaN-on-Si platform when the bus voltage increases to 400 V. In addition, for GaN-on-SOI platform with the top Si shorted to the source of HEMTs, the crosstalk can be effectively suppressed and the self-heating effect does not aggravate. Moreover, the integrated half bridge on GaN-on-SOI platform with the top Si shorted to the source shows lower overshoot current, tail current and switching power consumption compared to the half bridge made of two discrete HEMTs on GaN-on-Si platform.
Mutual Regulation of ncRNAs and Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Normal and Pathological Conditions

Chromatin remodeling is the one of the main epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation both in normal cells and in pathological conditions. In recent years, a growing number of investigations have confirmed that epigenetic regulators are tightly connected and form a comprehensive network of regulatory pathways and feedback loops. Genes encoding protein subunits of chromatin remodeling complexes are often mutated and change their expression in diseases, as well as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Moreover, different mechanisms of their mutual regulation have already been described. Further understanding of these processes may help apply their clinical potential for establishment of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the diseases. The therapeutic targeting of the chromatin structure has many limitations because of the complexity of its regulation, with the involvement of a large number of genes, proteins, non-coding transcripts, and other intermediary molecules. However, several successful strategies have been proposed to target subunits of chromatin remodeling complexes and genes encoding them, as well as the ncRNAs that regulate the operation of these complexes and direct them to the target gene regions. In our review, we focus on chromatin remodeling complexes and ncRNAs, their mutual regulation, role in cellular processes and potential clinical application.
THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS FERMI-DIRAC GAS OF ATOMS IN A BOX WITH LOW ADIABATIC INVARIANT

Quantum degenerate Fermi-Dirac gas of atoms, confined in a cubic box, shows an energy spectrum, which is discrete and strongly dependent on the atomic mass number, Aat, box geometry and temperature, for low product of Aat and the adiabatic invariant, TV, i.e. on γ = AatTV. The present study compares the total number of particles and the total energy obtained by summing up the contributions of a finite number of states, defined by the values of γ, to the widespread approximations of the corresponding integrals. The sums show simple calculation algorithms and more precise results for a large interval of values of γ. A new accurate analytic formula for the chemical potential of the Fermi-Dirac quantum gas is also given. MIRAMARE – TRIESTE June 2004 1 Senior Associate of the Abdus Salam ICTP. vlad@ifin.nipne. ro
Time-domain diffuse optical tomography using recursive direct method of calculating Jacobian at selected temporal points

An algorithm for time-domain diffuse optical tomography based on the resolution of the time-domain diffusion equation using the finite element method has been developed. An efficient direct method including a recursive approach has been used to obtain the light fluence derivatives with respect to tissue optical properties at precise selected points on the temporal profile resulting in a considerable savings in computation time and memory. The algorithm reconstructs the tissue optical properties in a permissible region or a region-of-interest and the input data for reconstruction comprises selections of points on the temporal curve of the measured pulse. The optical properties have been reconstructed by solving an iterative normalized minimization problem. The algorithm has been applied to a three-dimensional simplified model of a new born baby head and to a three-dimensional model of the mouse (MOBY) for a small animal model. The computation speed and memory usage of the algorithm have been compared with that of other techniques based on continuous wave and frequency domain representations. The effects of using different sizes of time steps and number of time steps on the reconstruction accuracy and the computation time have been reported.
Parents’ experiences of an assistant psychologist enhanced primary care mental health service in Ireland

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the acceptability of the primary care psychology services that have been enhanced by the employment of assistant psychologists in Ireland to the parents of children with psychological difficulties. Method: Data were collected from a sample of 74 parents who responded to quantitative and qualitative questions on the experience of service questionnaire. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the questionnaire responses. Results: On average 88% of participants selected ‘certainly true’ in response to the statements in the experience of service questionnaire statement they were ‘Totally satisfied’. Three major themes were developed; ‘communication is more than talking’, ‘structure can facilitate or impede’, and ‘emotional reactions’. ‘Communication is more than talking’ is organised around communication The ‘structure can facilitate or impede’ acknowledges that systems influence psychological supports. ‘Emotional reactions’ captured parents’ experiences, such as joy, frustration, and solidarity. Discussion: The results demonstrate that the newly enhanced mental health service is acceptable to parents. Their voices provide ideas about what helps and hinders their experience of care.
Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Poultry Requires a Holistic Approach: A Review

Controlling infectious diseases is vital for poultry health and diagnostic methods are an indispensable feature to resolve disease etiologies and the impact of infectious agents on the host. Although the basic principles of disease diagnostics have not changed, the spectrum of poultry diseases constantly expanded, with the identification of new pathogens and improved knowledge on epidemiology and disease pathogenesis. In parallel, new technologies have been devised to identify and characterize infectious agents, but classical methods remain crucial, especially the isolation of pathogens and their further characterization in functional assays and studies. This review aims to highlight certain aspects of diagnosing infectious poultry pathogens, from the farm via the diagnostic laboratory and back, in order to close the circle. By this, the current knowledge will be summarized and future developments will be discussed in the context of applied state-of-the-art techniques. Overall, a common challenge is the increasing demand for infrastructure, skills and expertise. Divided into separate chapters, reflecting different disciplines, daily work implies the need to closely link technologies and human expertise in order to improve bird health, the production economy and to implement future intervention strategies for disease prevention.
Local variation detection in MDOF system using wavelet based transmissibility and its application in cracked beam

Since the local stiffness or damping variation happens when damage occurs in engineer structures, it is useful to detect the local variation as a way for structural damage inspection. As a vibration based approach, transmissibility has attracted considerable interest because of its convenience and effectiveness in damage detection. However, using the traditional Fourier transform, it should be very careful to select the frequency bands in transmissibility calculation. Inappropriate choice of frequency band could cause a complete inaccurate result. For unknown damage detection, it is difficult to select the frequency band which eigen-frequency should be included. This paper proposes a novel method using wavelet based transmissibility for local variation detection. Benefiting from the ability in subtle information acquisition of wavelet transform, it is useful in reducing the influence of frequency bands to the indicators. Analytical derivation using wavelet balance method and numerical studies of a multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) system are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In the last section, the method is applied for detecting crack position in cantilever beam with analysis of its sensitivity to frequency bands and measurement inaccuracies.
2–3-Day Convective Variability in the Tropical Western Pacific

Abstract This paper is an examination of 2–3-day convective variability in the tropical Pacific region. The initial focus of the paper is on the western tropical Pacific during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) intensive observation period (IOP); high spatial and temporal resolution outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data and sea surface temperatures are filtered to eliminate diurnal and lower-frequency variability. The propagation of the 2–3-day convective variability is also studied. Westward propagation appears to be favored in some regions, indicative of the events being influenced by westward-propagating inertio-gravity waves. However, many regions have 2–3-day events that divide fairly equally into eastward and westward propagations, indicating that both eastward- and westward-propagating inertio-gravity waves are influencing the oscillation. The SST data during the 4-month IOP dataset show evidence of a 2–3-day variability during those con.
Perceived Faultlines and Decentralized Structures in Decision-Making Teams

We advance the literature on faultlines by theorizing about how and why perceived faultlines (i.e., realized subgroupings as perceived by team members) not only influence team characteristics (e.g., decision-making structures), but also change in response to these team characteristics over time. Drawing on current team theories, we reason that strong perceived faultlines lead teams toward a decentralized decision-making structure (i.e., distributed decision-making responsibility), but a decentralized decision-making structure weakens future perceived faultline strength. We also build a theory suggesting a decentralized decision-making structure mitigates the dysfunctional effect of perceived faultlines on team performance. We find support for our theory in a sample of 230 undergraduate students in 48 teams, and we discuss implications for faultline and team research.