Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants and the Moderating Effects of Individual Characteristics on Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in China

Along with the increasing popularity of autonomous vehicles (AVs), urban livability and public health will be enhanced due to ecofriendly issues: alleviated traffic congestion, lower car ownership, and reduced transport emissions. However, some emerging issues, including public safety, trust, privacy, reliability, underdeveloped legislation, and liability, may deter user intentions to adopt an AV. This study introduces an extensive factor, playfulness, into the technology acceptance model (TAM) to quantify the impacts of psychological factors (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived playfulness) on AV adoption intention. This study proposes four AV-related policy measures (financial incentivization, information dissemination, convenience, and legal normalization) and examines how policy measures motivate users to adopt an AV to facilitate public safety. Furthermore, this study investigated the moderating effects of demographic factors on the relationships between independent variables and AV adoption intention. Two models were proposed and estimated using a total of 1831 survey responses in China. The psychology-related and policy-related models explained 62.2% and 33.6% of the variance in AV adoption intention, respectively. The results suggest that perceived playfulness (β = 0.524, p < 0.001) and information dissemination (β = 0.348, p < 0.001) are the most important influencing factors of AV adoption intention. In addition, demographic factors (gender, education, income, the number of private cars owned by a family, and types of cities) can moderate the effects of psychological factors and policy measures on user intentions to adopt an AV. These insights can be employed to design more cost-effective policies and strategies for subgroups of the population to maximize the AV adoption intention.
Interfacial Relaxation Overstability in a Tangential Electric Field

It is well known that electromechanical polarization surface waves propagate along the lines of electric field intensity imposed tangential to the interface between perfectly insulating fluids. These waves have a stiffening effect on electrohydrodynamic equilibria that is analogous to that of the Alfven surface waves on hydromagnetic equilibria. An investigation is presented of the dynamical effects of charge relaxation on these waves. A self‐consistent model represents the relaxation in terms of an Ohmic conduction process in the bulk of the fluids, with surface shears induced by the free interfacial charges placed in dynamic equilibrium by viscous stresses. The dominant effect of the charge relaxation is to produce overstability. Experiments are described where this instability appears as a spontaneous oscillation of the interface with wavenumbers directed along the lines of electric field intensity. Detailed analytical results are given for liquid‐gas and liquid‐liquid interfaces. The field required to produce incipient instability and the propagation direction of the observed instability are satisfactorily predicted. It is found that in this liquid‐vapor case, relatively simple explicit expressions can be given for the incipient instability conditions. A discussion is given of the significance of this work for the dielectrophoretic orientation of liquids in the zero‐gravity environments of space.
Patient-reported disease impact of systemic lupus erythematosus with active joint symptoms: Results from the systemic lupus erythematosus-update survey

Background Many people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. These joint symptoms are associated with problems in physical functioning and work disability. We used survey data from adults with SLE to explore the burden and impact of joint symptoms. Methods SLE-UPDATE was a 2019 cross-sectional US survey of adults with SLE. We compared respondents with “currently active” joint symptoms’ and those “without currently active” joint symptoms. The active joint cohort comprised survey respondents who self-reported current “stiffness in joints” or “pain/swelling in joints” and who had moderate to severe joint pain (Worst Joint Pain Numeric Rating Scale [NRS] score ≥ 4). Respondents not fulfilling these criteria were included in the non-active joint cohort. Outcomes included frequency and severity of pain, patient-reported outcomes (LupusPRO™ and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Lupus [WPAI-Lupus]), satisfaction with current treatments, and importance of different treatment goals. Results More respondents in the active joint cohort (N = 285) than in the non-active joint cohort (N = 215) reported pain most or all the time over the preceding 7 days (77.5% vs. 32.1%, p < .0001), fibromyalgia (45% vs. 12%, p < .0001), and higher (worse) mean scores on the Worst Pain NRS (6.5 vs. 4.8, p < .0001) and Worst Joint Pain NRS (6.7 vs. 4.5, p < .0001). Mean Lupus PRO health-related quality of life (HRQoL) total score was lower (worse) in the active joint cohort (48.9 vs. 64.1, p < .0001). WPAI-Lupus scores indicated greater work productivity losses and activity impairment in the active joint cohort. More respondents in the active joint cohort than in the non-active joint cohort were neutral or not satisfied with current treatments and rated reducing pain as a “very important” treatment goal (26.7% vs. 18.1%). Conclusions Respondents with SLE and active joint manifestations in addition to having more pain report lower HRQoL and were less satisfied with their current treatments. Comorbid fibromyalgia may play a role in joint symptoms in patient with SLE joint manifestations. There is an unmet need for new therapeutic options to reduce joint symptom burden among patients with SLE.
Ion and Water Transport in Ion-Exchange Membranes for Power Generation Systems: Guidelines for Modeling

Artificial ion-exchange and other charged membranes, such as biomembranes, are self-organizing nanomaterials built from macromolecules. The interactions of fragments of macromolecules results in phase separation and the formation of ion-conducting channels. The properties conditioned by the structure of charged membranes determine their application in separation processes (water treatment, electrolyte concentration, food industry and others), energy (reverse electrodialysis, fuel cells and others), and chlore-alkali production and others. The purpose of this review is to provide guidelines for modeling the transport of ions and water in charged membranes, as well as to describe the latest advances in this field with a focus on power generation systems. We briefly describe the main structural elements of charged membranes which determine their ion and water transport characteristics. The main governing equations and the most commonly used theories and assumptions are presented and analyzed. The known models are classified and then described based on the information about the equations and the assumptions they are based on. Most attention is paid to the models which have the greatest impact and are most frequently used in the literature. Among them, we focus on recent models developed for proton-exchange membranes used in fuel cells and for membranes applied in reverse electrodialysis.
An Improved Edge Extraction Algorithm for Lithography Micrographs

For shape error analysis and correction of micro-structure in lithography, image edges should be extracted from micrographs of the structures. First several basic image edge detection algorithms are analyzed and compared. Then according to the unique conditions of micrographs in lithography experiments, an improved image edge extraction method is investigated. In this method Canny operator is selected as a basic algorithm, while the mathematical morphology is used in pre-processing for de-noising to reduce the uneven phenomenon. And an appropriate enhancement algorithm is used to enhance image contrast. Experimental results show that this method can extract the image edge from the micro-structure graphs effectively.
WSRC: Weakly Supervised Faster RCNN Toward Accurate Traffic Object Detection

Weakly supervised object detection has attracted increasing interest in recent years as driven by data annotation bottleneck in deep network training. On the other hand, the performance of weakly supervised models still lags far behind due to the missing of object location information during training. This paper presents a Weakly Supervised Faster RCNN (WSRC) that aims to train accurate traffic object detectors without using any box annotations, addressing the phenomenon that the traffic object detector trained by traditional method cannot be applied in the real traffic scene due to the lack of data annotation. The WSRC designs an innovative proposal evaluation network (PEN) that is trained by using a large amount of proposals that are scored according to their Intersection-over-Union (IoU) overlap with pseudo ground-truth boxes. Novel loss functions are designed to teach the PEN and WSRC to identify good proposals and regress to accurate object boxes under the guidance of loss dynamics and proposal scores. The proposed WSRC achieves superior detection performance over the datasets Pascal VOC2007, MS COCO and Cityscape, demonstrating its effectiveness while short of annotation boxes.
A Fiber-Based Chromatic Dispersion Probe for Simultaneous Measurement of X-Axis and Z-Axis Displacements with Nanometric Resolutions

In this paper, a fiber-based chromatic dispersion probe for simultaneous measurement of X-axis and Z-axis displacements with nanometric resolutions by using the full width at half maxima (FWHM) of the detected spectral signal has been proposed and demonstrated. For X-axis, FWHM is employed for indicating the X-axis displacement based on the fact that the FWHM remains almost constant with the varying Z-axis displacement of the fiber detector and shows a linear relationship with the X-axis displacement within a specific Z-axis displacement range. For the Z-axis, the linear relationship between the centroid wavelength λ of the detected spectral signal and the Z-axis displacement is employed for indicating the Z-axis displacement based on the fact that the sensitivity (slope of the λ-Z curve) is also linear with X-axis displacement within a certain X-axis displacement range. Theoretical and experimental investigations have verified the feasibility of the proposed chromatic dispersion probe, which yields X- and Z-axis measurement ranges of 2.3 μm and 15 μm and X- and Z-axis measurement resolutions of better than 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively. Experiments were further performed to evaluate the basic performance of the prototype probe and the maximum measurement errors were less than 10 nm and 60 nm for X- and Z-axis displacements, respectively.
Ghrelin Mitigates High-Glucose-Induced Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis in Lens Epithelial Cells

Oxidative stress induced by high glucose (HG) plays an important role in the mechanism of diabetic cataract. Evidence has shown that effects from oxidative stress induced damage of lens or human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. Antioxidant supplementation is a plausible strategy to avoid oxidative stress and maintain the function of lens. Ghrelin have been used in treatment of many diseases. In this study, we found that ghrelin attenuated HG-induced loss of cell viability, reduced oxidative damage, and cell apoptosis in HLE cells. Ghrelin inhibited apoptosis through the downregulation of Bax and the upregulation of Bcl-2. Our results suggest that ghrelin could be considered as a promising therapeutic intervention for diabetic cataract. We also observed rat lens transparent in cultured media and examined lens histopathological changes. The results showed that ghrelin could inhibit the histopathological injury of lenses and ultrastructural changes induced by HG. In conclusion, ghrelin may play a role in the treatment of ocular diseases involving diabetic cataract.
Morpho-quantitative and biochemical characterization of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds to understand its benefits and to increase its adaptability

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), of the mint family Lamiaceae, is one of the most highly nutritious crops in the world. It has a high economic value in both national and international markets. The present study was carried out with the prime objective of assessing Chia's morphological, biochemical, and nutritional characterization. An average yield of Chia (784 kg/ha) from the field experiment was observed. The biochemical studies showed the presence of higher amounts of carbohydrates, phenols, flavanols and antioxidants. The seed protein content of Chia was evaluated, and it was found to be 183 mg/g, which was greater than other major crops like wheat, rice and maize. The Carbohydrate content (371 mg/g) was also high in Chia seeds. High amounts of phenols (1.29 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (0.48 mg/g) in Chia seeds were also observed. The mineral content estimated by ICP-OES showed the presence of micronutrients like Fe (11.7 mg/100g), Mg (335 mg/100g), Mn (5.97 mg/100g), Zn (12.01 mg/100g), Cu (1.94 mg/100g), Ca (397.78 mg/100g), Na (42.15 mg/100g) and K (605.83 mg/100g). The FTIR analysis showed the presence of the functional groups, and high peak banding was found related to protein, pectin (polysaccharides), PUFA (fatty acids), lipids etc. The HPTLC analysis indicated the presence of Gallic acid. Thus the present study unveils that the seeds of the Chia crop are a rich source of different essential elements. Hence this pseudo-cereal Chia can be used to provide good food supplements. As this is a newly introduced crop in India, there is very less study on the crop. To utilize the benefits of this crop, further research in various aspects to increase the environment adaptability and yield should be done.
Exciton Properties of Diluted CdTe/CdMnTe Quantum Wells

Optical studies of the CdTe/CdMnTe multiple quantum well structures with diluted manganese in barriers are presented. The combined measurements of photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation allowed direct observation of the binding energies of n=1 heavy- and light-hole free excitons. The quantitative approach of variation of exciton binding energies with well width and barrier potential height is given. The calculated and measured exciton binding energies are in good agreement. Photoluminescence studies also show exciton-acoustic phonon scattering dominates the broadening of the exciton line width up to T = 50 K, while T > 50 K longitudinal-optical phonon scattering contributes to the line width broadening significantly.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO GENERATIONS OF ROTARY FILES VERSUS MANUAL FILES IN PULPECTOMY OF PRIMARY MOLARS (RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL)

Nayer Ahmed Abdel Rahman, 9 th Lotfy El Edwar St., Kafr Abdo, Alexandria, Egypt, 01277375353, dr.nayer85@gmail.com 1 EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO GENERATIONS OF ROTARY FILES VERSUS MANUAL FILES IN PULPECTOMY OF PRIMARY MOLARS (RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL) Nayer A. Abdel Rahman 1* MSc, Aly A. Sharaf PhD, Laila M. El-Habashy PhD 1. Master in Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria Egypt 2. Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria Egypt *Corresponding author INTRODUCTION In pediatric dentistry, the treatment duration plays a significant role in determining the success of the procedure. The decreased treatment period decreases the anxiety levels in children thereby creating positive behavioral attitude. With the goal of accomplishing a high quality treatment within a limited period, use of rotary instrumentation had been introduced in pediatric dentistry (1). Kedo-S rotary files are exclusively developed pediatric rotary files with four generations available designed by Dr. Ganesh Jeevanandan (2). This study was conducted to comparatively record the instrumentation time between two generations of KedoS files (3rd and 4th generations) and manual H-files groups and to assess the anxiety levels in children using Venham’s Clinical Anxiety Scale (VCAS).
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE TWINS PREDICTION PROGRAM FOR ROLLING NOISE, PART 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL AND METHOD

The C163 Expert Committee of the European Rail Research Institute (ERRI) concerned with Railway Noise, has been developing theoretical models for the generation of wheel/rail rolling noise. These models have been brought together into a software package, called TWINS ("Track-Wheel Interaction Noise Software"). This is intended as a tool with which different designs of wheel and track can be assessed in terms of their noise generation. This paper begins by describing briefly the various theoretical models incorporated, the assumptions made within these models and their limitations. On the basis of the input and output parameters, a methodology is derived for the validation of the model by using full scale running tests. Two sets of experiments have been performed for a range of conditions in which the input parameters (the surface roughnesses of wheel and rail) were measured as fully as possible. As well as the sound pressure during train pass-by, a number of intermediate parameters were also monitored to allow validation of parts of the model.
A SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING CELL FOR THE STUDY OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS AT ELEVATED PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE : A STUDY OF HEAVY WATER

The main characteristics of a cell optimized for small-angle neutron scattering experiments on supercritical fluids are presented. The cell operates satisfactorily at pressures up to 300 bar at 400 °C and 750 bar at 90 °C. It has large apertures sealed by thick synthetic sapphire windows. The maximum forward scattering angle is 16° and the sample path length is 5.1 mm. It has been used to study scattering from supercritical heavy water close to its critical point at wave number transfers up to 0.34 A−1.
Moral licensing, identity and eco-leadership: Can public managers’ support for a green recovery be undermined?

IMPACT Local public managers are increasingly involved in policy co-design, especially in the aftermath of the Covid 19 pandemic. Municipal top management will benefit from this article because it shows how public managers’ policy priorities are shaped by their own and their leaders’ goals for the local administration. The authors provide a model clarifying the role of managers’ environmental self-identity and municipal eco-leadership in policy decisions that involve a trade-off between economic growth and protecting the environment/climate. Previous research has not shown whether ‘economy versus environment’ messages can influence public managers’ policy priorities. This article is important because it provides evidence, while there is still time to use it in policy-making, to support efforts to combat issues like climate change.
Findings of the First WMT Shared Task on Sign Language Translation (WMT-SLT22)

This paper presents the results of the First WMT Shared Task on Sign Language Translation (WMT-SLT22). This shared task is concerned with automatic translation between signed and spoken languages. The task is novel in the sense that it requires processing visual information (such as video frames or human pose estimation) beyond the well-known paradigm of text-to-text machine translation (MT). The task featured two tracks, translating from Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS) to German and vice versa. Seven teams participated in this first edition of the task, all submitting to the DSGS-to-German track.Besides a system ranking and system papers describing state-of-the-art techniques, this shared task makes the following scientific contributions: novel corpora, reproducible baseline systems and new protocols and software for human evaluation. Finally, the task also resulted in the first publicly available set of system outputs and human evaluation scores for sign language translation.
Segue & ColorGuard: Optimizing SFI Performance and Scalability on Modern x86

WebAssembly (Wasm) and similar Software-based Fault Isolation (SFI) systems enable secure sandboxing by virtu-alizing process address space. They accomplish this by: (1) adding a base address to the operand of all load/store instructions to select a sandbox, and (2) enforcing isolation by trapping out-of-bounds memory accesses using regions of unmapped memory (guard regions). Leveraging modern x86 hardware, we offer two optimizations to this. With Segue, we observe that x86-64 segmentation can be used to remove most of the cost of SFI base addition, resulting in speedups ranging from 13.8% for SPECint® 2006 to 11.2% for font rendering in Firefox. With ColorGuard, we note that MPK-based page coloring can be used to reclaim the virtual address space wasted by guard regions. This results in a 11 . 91 × increase in the number of concurrent Wasm instances a process can support — reducing context switch overheads, load imbalances, and other inefﬁciencies that detract from the performance of high-scale edge computing platforms.
Labelled Graphical Models

A class of log‐linear models, referred to as labelled graphical models (LGMs), is introduced for multinomial distributions. These models generalize graphical models (GMs) by employing partial conditional independence restrictions which are valid only in subsets of an outcome space. Theoretical results concerning model identifiability, decomposability and estimation are derived. A decision theoretical framework and a search algorithm for the identification of plausible models are described. Real data sets are used to illustrate that LGMs may provide a simpler interpretation of a dependence structure than GMs.
Hierarchical Learning for Better Concept Generalization – Master 2 internship 2023 –

Deep neural networks (DNN) have become very successful in computer vision, in tasks such as image classification [5]. As the cost of training DNNs can be cumbersome, a new sought-after property of DNNs is concept generalization [8]. When trained on some concepts, e.g. “dogs” and “cats”, a model presenting good generalization properties, is able to learn with few examples semantically close concepts, such as “wolves”, but also very different concepts, such as “cars” or “plane”. The recent Imagenet-CoG benchmark [8], illustrated in Fig. 1, has been introduced to measure this property of DNNs. Amodel is evaluatedbyfirst being trainedon the 1000 classes of Imagenet-1k [3] (pink onFig. 1). Then its features are used to classify unseen and progressively more challenging subsets of concepts (orange to bright yellow on Fig. 1). The final CoG score is the overall accuracy on each subsets.
FACULTY PERSPECTIVES ON INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN: A QUALITATIVE ETHNOGRAPHIC INQUIRY

: Incorporating a user-centred approach to universal design solutions improves functionality and access for a more diverse group of individuals to engage with end products within everyday environments successfully. Interprofessional collaborations between industrial design and occupational therapy are one approach that integrates a user-centred universal design perspective throughout the design process, as occupational therapists have unique expertise in understanding how individuals participate in activities and engage with everyday products and environments. This qualitative ethnographic inquiry explored faculty perspectives (n=5) involved in interprofessional academic collaborations between design and occupational therapy at the university level in the Northeastern United States. Five themes emerged: 1) “Benefits of Collaboration:” Improving the Design Process; 2) “Benefits of a Mutual Approach:”: Supporting Design Learning; 3) Interprofessional Awareness and Education Approaches “Help and Hinder” Collaboration Efforts; 4) Benefits and Challenges to Accessing: “Navigation of the Obstacle Course”; and 5) “Minding the Gap:” Professional Education and Training. Findings suggest that interprofessional collaborations between