Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wait Not, Want Not: Factors Contributing to the Development of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorders have grown to epidemic proportions in our culture. The purpose of this literature review is to examine prevalence and incident rates of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In addition, this article will review the psychological and sociological factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of an eating disorder. Finally, different treatment approaches will be discussed in relation to their effectiveness in addressing anorexia or bulimia.
Chromosome Choreography: The Meiotic Ballet

The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis in eukaryotes is the physical basis of Mendelian inheritance. The core of the meiotic process is a specialized nuclear division (meiosis I) in which homologs pair with each other, recombine, and then segregate from each other. The processes of chromosome alignment and pairing allow for homolog recognition. Reciprocal meiotic recombination ensures meiotic chromosome segregation by converting sister chromatid cohesion into mechanisms that hold homologous chromosomes together. Finally, the ability of sister kinetochores to orient to a single pole at metaphase I allows the separation of homologs to two different daughter cells. Failures to properly accomplish this elegant chromosome dance result in aneuploidy, a major cause of miscarriage and birth defects in human beings.
Bengali speech emotion recognition

Speech Emotion Recognition is one of the significant research topics in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Here in this paper, three emotional states have been recognized i.e. neutral, angry and sad. The explored feature vectors include: Linear Prediction Cepstral coefficient (LPCC), Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC), pitch, intensity and formant. To train the Support Vector Machine (SVM) a self built Bengali emotional speech database has been used. Finally we find out the feature vector which will give the highest accuracy rate in case of neutral, angry and sad emotional state.
West Nile Virus Risk Assessment and the Bridge Vector Paradigm

In the northeast United States, control of West Nile virus (WNV) vectors has been unfocused because of a lack of accurate knowledge about the roles different mosquitoes play in WNV transmission. We analyzed the risk posed by 10 species of mosquitoes for transmitting WNV to humans by using a novel risk-assessment measure that combines information on the abundance, infection prevalence, vector competence, and biting behavior of vectors. This analysis suggests that 2 species (Culex pipiens L. and Cx. restuans Theobald [Diptera: Cilicidae]) not previously considered important in transmitting WNV to humans may be responsible for up to 80% of human WNV infections in this region. This finding suggests that control efforts should be focused on these species which may reduce effects on nontarget wetland organisms. Our risk measure has broad applicability to other regions and diseases and can be adapted for use as a predictive tool of future human WNV infections.
Employment in 1999: Opportunities Amid Challenges

P erched on the edge of a new millennium, the US computer industry finds itself facing a vast array of challenges and opportunities. Critical issues such as Asian economic instability and corporate consolidation threaten the underpinnings of some IT organizations. However, the need for organizations to hurriedly cope with both the Y2K problem and the European Monetary Union's currency conversion may offer many workers at least short-term job possibilities. In addition, the arrival of electronic commerce; increasing demand for an array of hardware technologies, such as embedded systems; and growth in various software areas, including those related to the Internet and Java, have opened the door to still more employment growth. Another factor that could contribute to a strong market for job seekers is the reported shortage of skilled IT workers. The US Department of Commerce has predicted a potentially significant shortfall through 2005. In addition, a study released last year by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute indicated that in the US, 346,000 IT positions are currently vacant in technology companies and other corporations with more than 100 employees. The US General Accounting Office has criticized the methodology used by the Department of Commerce and the ITAA, and the AFL-CIO, the US's largest labor organization, has said reports of labor shortages are exaggerated. Nonetheless, most industry observers predict strong job growth in the computer industry. In fact, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that computer and data-processing services will be the fastest growing domestic industry segment through 2006. According to Mark O'Connor, senior analyst for management strategies at the Yankee Group, a market research firm, the industry will provide more job opportunities in more areas in 1999 than in 1998. " The industry is riding a very strong wave of growth, " he said. Once again, the Y2K problem remains one of IT's most pressing concerns. As shown in the figure on the next page, the worldwide cost of fixing Y2K problems peaked last year, as organizations purchased the products they hope will provide solutions. According to International Data Corp. (IDC), an IT research firm, Y2K remediation accounted for 4.5 percent of worldwide IT spending in 1997 and 6 percent in 1998, and will account for 4.8 percent this year. Meanwhile, most IT industry observers expect the demand for Y2K experts—including Cobol programmers, database specialists, and systems analysts skilled in various legacy …
Will Fat Taxes Cause Americans to Become Fatter? Some Evidence from US Meats

Price and income elasticities of fat from meats are estimated by decomposing composite demand for meat into the produ ct of total calories, the fraction of calories eat as fat, and a residual measure of quality. This demand-characteristic system provides estimates of the impact of prices and income on the fraction of calories eaten as fat as well as their affect on the total consumption of fat. Empirical estimates of the comp ensated own-price elasticities of meats suggest that a fat tax designed to raise revenues to finance nutritional education efforts may increase the total consumption of fat.
Conservation tillage and macropore factors that affect water movement and the fate of chemicals

A thorough understanding of how conservation tillage in ̄uences water quality is predicated on knowledge of how tillage affects water movement. This paper summarizes the effects of conservation tillage on water movement and quality mainly based on long-term experiments on Luvisols at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, USA. Conservation tillage can have a much larger effect on how water moves through the soil than it does on the total amount percolating to groundwater. Soil macroporosity and the proportion of rainfall moving through preferential ̄ow paths often increase with the adoption of conservation tillage and can contribute to a reduction in surface runoff. In some mediumand ®ne-textured soils most of the water that moves to the subsoil during the growing season (May±October) is probably transmitted by macropores. If a heavy, intense storm occurs shortly after surface application of an agricultural chemical to soils with well-developed macroporosity, the water transmitted to the subsoil by the macropores may contain signi®cant amounts of applied chemical, up to a few per cent, regardless of the af®nity of the chemical for the soil. This amount can be reduced by an order of magnitude or more with the passage of time or if light rainstorms precede the ®rst major leaching event. Because of movement into the soil matrix and sorption, solutes normally strongly adsorbed by the soil should only be subject to leaching in macropores in the ®rst few storms after application. Even under extreme conditions, it is unlikely that the amount of additional adsorbed solute transported to groundwater will exceed a few per cent of the application when conservation tillage is used instead of conventional tillage. In the case of non-adsorbed solutes, such as nitrate, movement into the soil matrix will not preclude further leaching. Therefore, when recharge occurs during the dormant season thorough ̄ushing of the soil, whether macropores are present or not, can move the remaining solutes to groundwater. Thus, the net effect of tillage treatment on leaching of non-adsorbed solutes should be minimal. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Introducing uncertainty into pattern discovery in temporal event sequences

Pattern discovery in temporal event sequences is of great importance in many application domains, such as telecommunication network fault analysis. In reality, not every type of event has an accurate timestamp. Some of them, defined as inaccurate events may only have an interval as possible time of occurrence. The existence of inaccurate events may cause uncertainty in event ordering. The traditional support model cannot deal with this uncertainty, which would cause some interesting patterns to be missing. A new concept, precise support, is introduced to evaluate the probability of a pattern contained in a sequence. Based on this new metric, we define the uncertainty model and present an algorithm to discover interesting patterns in the sequence database that has one type of inaccurate event. In our model, the number of types of inaccurate events can be extended to k readily, however, at a cost of increasing computational complexity.
Education for interdisciplinary, multicultural, and international understanding

The Faculty Seminar at North Dakota State University was created for the purpose of establishing team-taught interdisciplinary courses dealing with significant issues relating to both professional and liberal studies. During the first academic year (1991-92), the Seminar faculty identified interdisciplinary interests at the University and obtained suggested themes and outlines dealing with contemporary issues in areas such as freedom and responsibility, the environment, and the impact of technology. During the second and third years (1992-94), the Seminar has been and will be working on integration of multicultural concerns and international perspectives into the curricula of the University. <<ETX>>
Iterative construction of reversible variable-length codes and variable-length error-correcting codes

We propose a generic algorithm for the construction of efficient reversible variable-length codes (RVLCs) and variable-length error-correcting (VLEC) codes, which optimizes the codeword length distribution. The algorithm may be applied to any existing codeword selection mechanism, and it is capable of generating codes of higher efficiency in comparison to the algorithms disseminated in the literature.
Sustaining Low Pay in Aged Care Work

This article examines the ways in which employers in the Australian aged care sector justify and sustain low pay for work that is both highly skilled and in high demand. We build on a large body of feminist research that analyses why care work is devalued by showing how such devaluing is produced at the level of the organization. To do so we examine some of the specific discursive mechanisms that sustain low pay. We show that aged care employers actively reproduce a familial logic of care that represents paid aged care work as unskilled and natural for women and therefore not deserving of higher pay. We argue that in order to achieve their goals employers must develop and sustain an opposition between care as love-centred and work as money-centred, while upholding the notion that they provide quality care for care recipients.
Continuously delivered? Periodically updated? Never changed? Studying an open source project's releases of code, requirements, and trace matrix

Many open source software projects deliver code continuously. How are the project's requirements updated? What about the traceability information of those requirements? To answer these questions, this paper reports our initial analyses of the iTrust medical care project's all publicly accessible releases. The results show that, as iTrust releases two versions per year, the code growth is smooth but the requirements growth experiences periodic mass updates. The asynchronous evolving paces cause the RTM stagnant, outdated, and inaccurate. Our work provides concrete insights into what updates should be applied to the requirements and the RTM in the face of the code changes, and illustrates the need for new ways to automatically keep requirements in sync over continuous release cycles.
A Splicing/Decomposable Binary Encoding and Its Novel Operators for Genetic and Evolutionary Algorithms

Most of the real-world problems could be encoded by different representations, but genetic and evolutionary algorithms (GEAs) may not be able to successfully solve the problems based on their phenotypic representations, unless we use some problem-specific genetic operators. Therefore, a proper genetic representation is necessary when using GEAs on the real-world problems (Goldberg, 1989; Liepins, 1990; Whitley, 2000; Liang, 2011).
Neurokognitive Grundlagen von Positivsymptomatik

Zusammenfassung Positivsymptome psychotischer Erkrankungen, wie Wahn und Halluzinationen, entwickeln sich auf der Grundlage neurobiologischer Prädispositionen, fehlerhafter kognitiver Verarbeitungsstile und ungünstiger sozialer Umweltbedingungen. Diese Übersicht stellt die Ergebnisse von Studien aus dem Bereich der experimentellen Neuropsychologie vor, welche ein besseres Verständnis der Grundlagen von Kernsymptomen psychotischer Patienten ermöglichen sollen. Im Zentrum stehen dabei die Symptomkomplexe von Wahn, Halluzination und formaler Denkstörung. Die darauf fußenden kognitionspsychologischen Modelle bilden die Basis kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischer Interventionen bei Positivsymptomen.
The supernova 2003lw associated with X-ray flash 031203 ,

The X-Ray Flash (XRF), 031203 with a host galaxy at z = 0.1055, is, apart from GRB 980425, the closest γ-Ray Burst (GRB) or XRF known to date. We have monitored its host galaxy from 1-100 days after the burst. In spite of the high extinction to the source and the bright host, a significant increase and subsequent decrease has been detected in the apparent brightness of the host, peaking between 10 and 33 days after the GRB. The only convincing explanation is a supernova (SN) associated with the XRF, SN2003lw. This is the earliest time at which a SN signal is clearly discernible in a GRB/XRF (apart from SN1998bw). SN2003lw is extremely luminous with a broad peak and can be approximately represented by the lightcurve of SN1998bw brightened by ∼0.55 mag, implying a hypernova, as observed in most GRB-SNe. The XRF-SN association firmly links XRFs with the deaths of massive stars and further strengthens their connection with GRBs. The fact that SNe are also associated with XRFs implies that Swift may detect a significant population of intermediate redshift SNe very soon after the SN explosions, a sample ideally suited for detailed studies of early SN physics.
A Heuristic Method: Differential Evolution for Harmonic Reduction in Multilevel Inverter System

 Abstract—In this paper, Differential Evolution (DE) optimization technique is applied to determine optimum switching angles for cascaded multilevel inverter topology with non equal dc sources for eliminating pre specified order of harmonics while maintaining the required fundamental voltage. This paper discusses briefly an efficient Differential Evolution algorithm (DE) that reduces significantly the computational burden resulting in fast convergence. An objective function describing a measure of effectiveness of eliminating selected order of harmonics while controlling the fundamental component is derived. This technique can be applied for any number of levels; as an example in this paper 7-level inverter with different modulation indices and switching angles are reported. Then, these angles are used in simulation to validate the results.
Reduction of secondhand tobacco smoke in public places following national smoke-free legislation in Uruguay

Background Smoke-free legislation eliminating tobacco smoke in all indoor public places and workplaces is the international standard to protect all people from exposure to secondhand smoke. Uruguay was the first country in the Americas and the first middle-income country in the world to enact a comprehensive smoke-free national legislation in March 2006. Objective To compare air nicotine concentrations measured in indoor public places and workplaces in Montevideo, Uruguay before (November 2002) and after (July 2007) the implementation of the national legislation. Methods Air nicotine concentrations were measured for 7–14 days using the same protocol in schools, a hospital, a local government building, an airport and restaurants and bars. A total of 100 and 103 nicotine samples were available in 2002 and 2007, respectively. Results Median (IQR) air nicotine concentrations in the study samples were 0.75 (0.2–1.54) μg/m3 in 2002 compared to 0.07 (0.0–0.20) μg/m3 in 2007. The overall nicotine reduction comparing locations sampled in 2007 to those sampled in 2002 was 91% (95% CI 85% to 94%) after adjustment for differences in room volume and ventilation. The greatest nicotine reduction was observed in schools (97% reduction), followed by the airport (94% reduction), the hospital (89% reduction), the local government building (86% reduction) and restaurants/bars (81% reduction). Conclusion Exposure to secondhand smoke has decreased greatly in indoor public places and workplaces in Montevideo, Uruguay, after the implementation of a comprehensive national smoke-free legislation. These findings suggest that it is possible to successfully implement smoke-free legislations in low and middle-income countries.
of Repository

When replaying surround sound to large audiences it is inevitable that some people will not be in the ideal central listening position relative to the loudspeakers. As a result of this, their surround sound experience is degraded. The purpose of this paper is to outline how and why the listening experience is affected. This work is part of an ongoing study which aims to improve surround playback in large spaces both for listeners in central positions and off-centre positions.
Vertically Stacked Carbon Nanotube-Based Interconnects for Through Silicon Via Application

Stacking of silicon chips with carbon nanotube (CNT)-based through-silicon vias (TSVs) is experimentally demonstrated. Polymer filling is used to improve the transfer quality of CNTs into pre-etched silicon holes. Special hexagonal CNTs are designed to achieve high aspect ratio (10:1) CNT vias. TSVs filled with closely packed CNTs show a highly linear dc I-V response. The proposed process works at room temperature, which makes it compatible with existing device fabrication flow.
Impact of redshift information on cosmological applications with next-generation radio surveys

In this paper, we explore how the forthcoming generation of large-scale radio continuum surveys, with the inclusion of some degree of redshift information, can constrain cosmological parameters. By cross-matching these radio surveys with shallow optical to near-infrared surveys, we can essentially separate the source distribution into a low- and a high-redshift sample, thus providing a constraint on the evolution of cosmological parameters such as those related to dark energy. We examine two radio surveys, the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) and the Westerbork Observations of the Deep APERTIF Northern sky (WODAN). A crucial advantage is their combined potential to provide a deep, full-sky survey. The surveys used for the cross-identifications are SkyMapper and Sloan Digital Sky Survey, for the southern and northern skies, respectively. We concentrate on the galaxy clustering angular power spectrum as our benchmark observable, and find that the possibility of including such low-redshift information yields major improvements in the determination of cosmological parameters. With this approach, and provided a good knowledge of the galaxy bias evolution, we are able to put strict constraints on the dark energy parameters, i.e. w_0 = −0.9 ± 0.041 and w_a = −0.24 ± 0.13, with Type Ia supernovae and cosmic microwave background priors (with a one-parameter bias in this case); this corresponds to a Figure of Merit (FoM) >600, which is twice better than what is obtained by using only the cross-identified sources and greater than four time better than the case without any redshift information at all.
The circadian oscillator in Synechococcus elongatus controls metabolite partitioning during diurnal growth

Significance Cyanobacteria are increasingly being considered for use in large-scale outdoor production of fuels and industrial chemicals. Cyanobacteria can anticipate daily changes in light availability using an internal circadian clock and rapidly alter their metabolic processes in response to changes light availability. Understanding how signals from the internal circadian clock and external light availability are integrated to control metabolic shifts will be important for engineering cyanobacteria for production in natural outdoor environments. This study has assessed how “knowing” the correct time of day, via the circadian clock, affects metabolic changes when a cyanobacterium goes through a dark-to-light transition. Our data show that the circadian clock plays an important role in inhibiting activation of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in the morning. Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a genetically tractable model cyanobacterium that has been engineered to produce industrially relevant biomolecules and is the best-studied model for a prokaryotic circadian clock. However, the organism is commonly grown in continuous light in the laboratory, and data on metabolic processes under diurnal conditions are lacking. Moreover, the influence of the circadian clock on diurnal metabolism has been investigated only briefly. Here, we demonstrate that the circadian oscillator influences rhythms of metabolism during diurnal growth, even though light–dark cycles can drive metabolic rhythms independently. Moreover, the phenotype associated with loss of the core oscillator protein, KaiC, is distinct from that caused by absence of the circadian output transcriptional regulator, RpaA (regulator of phycobilisome-associated A). Although RpaA activity is important for carbon degradation at night, KaiC is dispensable for those processes. Untargeted metabolomics analysis and glycogen kinetics suggest that functional KaiC is important for metabolite partitioning in the morning. Additionally, output from the oscillator functions to inhibit RpaA activity in the morning, and kaiC-null strains expressing a mutant KaiC phosphomimetic, KaiC-pST, in which the oscillator is locked in the most active output state, phenocopies a ΔrpaA strain. Inhibition of RpaA by the oscillator in the morning suppresses metabolic processes that normally are active at night, and kaiC-null strains show indications of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activation as well as increased abundance of primary metabolites. Inhibitory clock output may serve to allow secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the morning, and some metabolites resulting from these processes may feed back to reinforce clock timing.