Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-infrared echelle spectroscopy of protoplanetary nebulae: probing the fast wind in H2

Echelle spectroscopy of H 2 2.122 μm, [Fe II] 1.644 μm and Bry line emission from a very young planetary nebula (PN), IRAS 21282+5050, and from four protoplanetary nebulae (PPN), IRAS 19343+2926 (M 1-92), IRAS 17150-3224 (AFGL 6815), IRAS 17423-1755 (Hen 3-1475) and IRAS 17441-2411, is presented. H 2 line emission is detected in discrete shock fronts in the lobes of each nebula, regardless of source spectral type [although non-detections in IRAS 09371+1212 (Frosty Leo) support claims that late spectral types do not produce bright H 2 line emission]. In IRAS 17150-3224, we also uncover possible signs of rotation, as would be expected if the H 2 features were excited in a magnetocentrifugal disc wind. [Fe II] 1.644 μm emission was detected in only one source, M 1-92 (notably, the source with the brightest H 2 features). Again, the emission is predominantly excited in high-velocity shocks in the bipolar lobes of the PPN. The H 2 and [Fe II] observations of M1-92, and the complex H 2 profiles in IRAS 21282+5050, are explained using the shock models of Smith and collaborators. We show that bow shock models are generally able to account for the observed line profiles, peak velocities, the double-peaked profiles in IRAS 21282+5050, and the spatial distribution of H 2 and [Fe II] in M 1-92. J-type bow models are adequate in each case, i.e. a strongly magnetized wind is not required. Finally, Bry is detected in each of the five targets; in absorption in the G-type PPN, though in emission in the O- and B-type sources. Bry emission is detected predominantly towards the near-infrared (near-IR) continuum peak in each PPN, with only very weak emission detected in the extended lobes of the O- and B-type sources. In Bry, low peak velocities, though very broad profile widths, are measured in each target, regardless of the nebula inclination angle. The emission must therefore derive from ionized regions in a fast wind very close to the central star (rather than from shocks in the bipolar lobes), or, in the late-type sources, from absorption in an equatorial torus.
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in Medical Settings

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with negative health consequences. Universal screening for IPV offers many opportunities for successful intervention, yet this practice in medical settings is controversial. This article examines the potential impact of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for IPV screening and the emerging literature supporting measurable health benefits resulting from screening interventions in medical settings. Several screening tools and methods of administration that have been evaluated in various clinical settings, with goals to increase their sensitivity and to determine a best method of administration, are reviewed in this article. Mandatory reporting is closely linked to screening practices and may influence healthcare worker practice and patient disclosure. Mandatory reporting studies are lacking and show variable physician compliance, victim acceptance, and scant outcome data. Informed consent prior to screening, explaining the process of mandatory reporting statutes and victim options should be evaluated to increase sensitivity of screening tools.
Crystal structure of 2-acetyl-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-ethoxycarbonyl-3,7-dimethyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium chloride

The title molecular salt, C21H25N2O5S+·Cl−, crystallizes with two ion pairs in the asymmetric unit. The cations have similar conformations (r.m.s. overlay fit = 0.40 Å), with one of them showing disorder of the terminal methyl group of the ester in a 0.72 (2):0.28 (2) ratio. In the first cation, the 3,4-dimethoxy-substituted phenyl ring subtends a dihedral angle of 88.38 (7)° with the pyrimidine ring and 6.79 (8)° with the thiazole ring. The equivalent data for the second cation are 89.97 (3) and 6.42 (7)°, respectively. The pyrimidine ring adopts a sofa conformation in each cation. In the crystal, the components are linked by N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, generating isolated ion pairs. The ion pairs are are linked by C—H⋯O interactions, generating a three-dimensional network. In addition, a weak C—H⋯π interaction is observed.
Phenotype Resembling Gitelman’s Syndrome in Mice Lacking the Apical Na+-Cl− Cotransporter of the Distal Convoluted Tubule*

Mutations in the gene encoding the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) of the distal convoluted tubule cause Gitelman’s syndrome, an inherited hypokalemic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. These metabolic abnormalities are secondary to the deficit in NaCl reabsorption, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To gain a better understanding of the role of NCC in sodium and fluid volume homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of Gitelman’s syndrome, we used gene targeting to prepare an NCC-deficient mouse. Null mutant (Ncc −/−) mice appear healthy and are normal with respect to acid-base balance, plasma electrolyte concentrations, serum aldosterone levels, and blood pressure.Ncc −/− mice retain Na+ as well as wild-type mice when fed a Na+-depleted diet; however, after 2 weeks of Na+ depletion the mean arterial blood pressure of Ncc −/− mice was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice. In addition, Ncc −/−mice exhibited increased renin mRNA levels in kidney, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria, and morphological changes in the distal convoluted tubule. These data indicate that the loss of NCC activity in the mouse causes only subtle perturbations of sodium and fluid volume homeostasis, but renal handling of Mg2+ and Ca2+ are altered, as observed in Gitelman’s syndrome.
Elements and Issues in Planning Cross-Disciplinary Clusters from a Faculty Perspective.

The need for reform in the undergraduate curriculum has been mandated by massive changes in the economy and the needs of its students. The complexity of today's world, as a result of rapid changes in the economy, technology, and the growing interdependence of the world's nations, points to the need for an education that is cross-disciplinary and that best equips stu dents to learn on their own. Experts argue that a more strength ened and integrated general education curriculum is the solu tion (Association of American Colleges 1985; Boyer 1987). One new fromat for integrating general education programs that is being piloted on many campuses is the cluster program (Vars 1982). The cluster program features a grouping of upper division courses that require advanced study outside the stu dent's major around a cross-disciplinary theme. Small groups of faculty from across the disciplines work together to plan a cluster of courses around a common area of academic interest such as war and peace. Advocates of this approach assert that the smallness of the groups and the direct responsibility for the curriculum planning for the group should lead to greater fa culty commitment and interest in the general education pro gram (Gaff 1981, 54). However, Jerry Gaff cautions that it is premature for unqualified optimism. He and others assert that research should be conducted that examines complexities of implementing general education programs from a faculty per spective (Gaff 1981; Association of American Colleges 1985). The research presented in this essay addresses these con cerns by conducting an interpretive case study of four cross disciplinary planning groups who were organized for the pur
Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness at a transition to early school days.

STUDY OBJECTIVES This study examined effects on adolescent sleep patterns, sleepiness, and circadian phase of a school transition requiring an earlier start. DESIGN AND SETTING Adolescents were evaluated in 9th and 10th grades; school start time in 9th grade was 0825 and in 10th grade was 0720. Assessments at each point included 2 weeks of actigraphy and sleep diaries at home, followed by a 22-hour laboratory evaluation, including evening saliva samples every 30 minutes in dim light for determination of dim-light salivary melatonin onset phase (DLSMO), overnight sleep monitoring, and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five females and 15 males, ages 14 to 16.2 were enrolled; 32 completed the study in 9th grade and 26 completed in 10th grade. INTERVENTIONS Participants kept their own schedules, except that laboratory nights were scheduled based upon school-night sleep patterns. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS According to actigraphy, students woke earlier on school days in 10th than in 9th grade, but they did not go to sleep earlier and they slept less. DLSMO phase was later in 10th grade (mean = 2102) than 9th grade (mean = 2024). Sleep latency on MSLT overall was shorter in 10th (mean = 8.5 minutes) than in 9th (mean = 11.4 minutes), particularly on the first test of the morning at 0830 (5.1 vs 10.9 minutes). Two REM episodes on MSLT occurred in 16% of participants in 10th grade; one REM episode occurred in 48%. When those with REM sleep on one or both morning MSLTs (n = 11) were compared to those without morning REM, significant differences included shorter sleep latency on the first test, less slow wave sleep the night before, and later DLSMO phase in those who had morning REM. CONCLUSIONS Early start time was associated with significant sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness. The occurrence of REM sleep on MSLT indicates that clinicians should exercise caution in interpreting MSLT REM sleep in adolescents evaluated on their "usual" schedules. Psychosocial influences and changes in bioregulatory systems controlling sleep may limit teenagers' capacities to make adequate adjustments to an early school schedule.
The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: health impact assessment study

Objective To estimate the risks and benefits to health of travel by bicycle, using a bicycle sharing scheme, compared with travel by car in an urban environment. Design Health impact assessment study. Setting Public bicycle sharing initiative, Bicing, in Barcelona, Spain. Participants 181 982 Bicing subscribers. Main outcomes measures The primary outcome measure was all cause mortality for the three domains of physical activity, air pollution (exposure to particulate matter <2.5 µm), and road traffic incidents. The secondary outcome was change in levels of carbon dioxide emissions. Results Compared with car users the estimated annual change in mortality of the Barcelona residents using Bicing (n=181 982) was 0.03 deaths from road traffic incidents and 0.13 deaths from air pollution. As a result of physical activity, 12.46 deaths were avoided (benefit:risk ratio 77). The annual number of deaths avoided was 12.28. As a result of journeys by Bicing, annual carbon dioxide emissions were reduced by an estimated 9 062 344 kg. Conclusions Public bicycle sharing initiatives such as Bicing in Barcelona have greater benefits than risks to health and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Distributed subchannel assignment in a multiuser MIMO relay

The paper studies a relay network that comprises multiple source nodes, one common multi-antenna relay node and multiple destination nodes. The transmitting nodes (source and relay) have access to channel information and to some interference-related information. A noncooperative game model is used to address the distributed resource allocation problem among different source nodes. Quality-of-Service-aware source nodes opportunistically select their transmission resources while a multi-antenna channel-aware relay node assigns the resources at the relay in a way that maximizes the sum of utilities at the destination nodes. The beam allocation game is a potential game for which the implicit joint objective (potential) of the source nodes formalizes a trade-off between the sum of individual utilities and the sum of congestion costs. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of opportunistic channel allocation.
Solvability and asymptotic behavior of generalized Riccati equations arising in indefinite stochastic LQ controls

The optimal control problem in a finite time horizon with an indefinite quadratic cost function for a linear system subject to multiplicative noise on both the state and control can be solved via a constrained matrix differential Riccati equation. In this paper, we provide general necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of this generalized differential Riccati equation. Furthermore, its asymptotic behavior is investigated along with its connection to the generalized algebraic Riccati equation associated with the linear quadratic control problem in finite time horizon. Examples are presented to illustrate the results established.
Ensuring Privacy and Preventing Silent Data Corruptions in Cloud

Cloud storage systems provide storage service on the internet. Since cloud is accessed via internet, data stored in clouds should remain private. Towards privacy and correctness of the data in cloud, several intrusion detection techniques, authentication methods and access control policies are being used. But they suffer from storage overhead. To minimize this overhead, several designs are currently using erasure codes. Now, the current research on cloud storage systems focuses on efficiency and robustness. But here, the major challenge is how to prevent silent data corruptions during reconstruction of data. This paper uses secure decentralized erasure-coded storage systems to guarantee a better privacy, efficiency and robustness and proposes a method that can reconstruct data in clouds by preventing silent data corruptions. Keywords-cloud, privacy, silent data corruptions
3D inverted pendulum stabilization on a quadrotor via bilinear system approximations

This paper tackles a 3D inverted pendulum stabilization problem, where the pendulum is attached on a quadrotor. We first derive the mathematical model of the quadrotor-pendulum system based on the Euler-Lagrange equation. Then, with hope for better control performance than traditional linear quadratic optimal control by efficiently using the vertical input, the bilinear approximation model is built by the second order Taylor expansion. We then propose an inverse optimal stabilization law for the bilinear system, conduct the convergence analysis and give the interpretation of the optimality. Finally, the validity of the present approach is demonstrated via simulations, where we explicitly show the effectiveness of the vertical input by comparing with the linear quadratic control case.
Optical coherence tomography today: speed, contrast, and multimodality

Abstract. In the last 25 years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has advanced to be one of the most innovative and most successful translational optical imaging techniques, achieving substantial economic impact as well as clinical acceptance. This is largely owing to the resolution improvements by a factor of 10 to the submicron regime and to the imaging speed increase by more than half a million times to more than 5 million A-scans per second, with the latter one accomplished by the state-of-the-art swept source laser technologies that are reviewed in this article. In addition, parallelization of OCT detection, such as line-field and full-field OCT, has shortened the acquisition time even further by establishing quasi-akinetic scanning. Besides the technical improvements, several functional and contrast-enhancing OCT applications have been investigated, among which the label-free angiography shows great potential for future studies. Finally, various multimodal imaging modalities with OCT incorporated are reviewed, in that these multimodal implementations can synergistically compensate for the fundamental limitations of OCT when it is used alone.
Cost of Illness and Contingent Valuation : Controlling for the Motivations of Expressed Preferences in an Attempt to Avoid Double-Counting

Cette contribution traite de la problematique du double-compte des impacts sur la sante humaine dans le cadre de l’evaluation du cout de la maladie. Un double-compte surgit lorsque des estimations sont utilisees conjointement, alors qu’elles sont issues de methodes de monetarisation qui se recoupent partiellement. Afin d’y remedier, nous proposons de restreindre le champ d’investigation de chaque methode a un domaine specifique d’impacts. De maniere a appliquer la methode d l’evaluation contingente exclusivement a la monetarisation des cout intangibles, nous suggerons une approche en trois temps : (1) laisser les personnes interrogees libre d’evaluer les consequences auxquelles elles sont sensibles, (2) obtenir de ces personnes des explications sur ce qui motive leur reponse, (3) controler l’influence de ces motivations sur leurs evaluations. Cette procedure a ete appiquee lors d’une evaluation contingente menee en Suisse. Un traitement econometrique a ete utilise afin de limiter la portee des estimations contingentes aux seules intangibles, permettant ainsi de combiner les methodes de monetarisation tout en reduisant au maximum le risque de double-compte et de surestimation.
Global Variance in Speech Synthesis With Linear Dynamical Models

Linear Dynamical Models (LDMs) have been used in speech synthesis recently as an alternative to hidden Markov models (HMMs). Among the advantages of LDMs are the ability to capture the dynamics of speech and the achievement of synthesized speech quality similar to HMM-based speech systems on a smaller footprint. However, such as in the HMM case, LDMs produce over-smoothed trajectories of speech parameters, resulting in muffled quality of synthetic speech. Inspired by a similar problem found in HMM-based speech synthesis, where the naturalness of the synthesized speech is greatly improved when the global variance (GV) is compensated, this paper proposes a novel speech parameter generation algorithm that considers GV in LDM-based speech synthesis. Experimental results show that the application of GV during parameter generation significantly improves speech quality.
Revisiting the Stability of Crank–Nicolson and ADI-FDTD

The stability properties of Crank-Nicolson (CN) and alternating direction implicit finite-difference time-domain ADI-FDTD methods to solve Maxwell's equations are investigated. Since the ADI-FDTD scheme can be formulated in many cases as an approximation to a CN-FDTD scheme, we start by analyzing the stability of CN-FDTD and, from it, we try to derive conditions on ADI-FDTD. We first recall the von Neumann analysis, and then we present a matrix-norm analysis. We show that the matrix-norm stability of CN-FDTD is a necessary condition to find matrix-norm stable conditions for ADI-FDTD.
Decision‐Making Regarding Mammography Screening for Older Women

The population is aging, and breast cancer incidence increases with age, peaking between the ages of 75 and 79. However, it is not known whether mammography screening helps women aged 75 and older live longer because they have not been included in randomized controlled trials evaluating mammography screening. Guidelines recommend that older women with less than a 10‐year life expectancy not be screened because it takes approximately 10 years before a screen‐detected breast cancer may affect an older woman's survival. Guidelines recommend that clinicians discuss the benefits and risks of screening with women aged 75 and older with a life expectancy of 10 years or longer to help them elicit their values and preferences. It is estimated that two of 1,000 women who continue to be screened every other year from age 70 to 79 may avoid breast cancer death, but 12% to 27% of these women will experience a false‐positive test, and 10% to 20% of women who experience a false‐positive test will undergo a breast biopsy. In addition, approximately 30% of screen‐detected cancers would not otherwise have shown up in an older woman's lifetime, yet nearly all older women undergo treatment for these breast cancers, and the risks of treatment increase with age. To inform decision‐making, tools are available to estimate life expectancy and to educate older women about the benefits and harms of mammography screening. Guides are also available to help clinicians discuss stopping screening with older women with less than a 10‐year life expectancy. Ideally, screening decisions would consider an older woman's life expectancy, breast cancer risk, and her values and preferences.
Church-based social support and health in old age: exploring variations by race.

OBJECTIVES A conceptual model is evaluated that explores the relationship between church-based support and health. In the process, an effort is made to see if the relationships in this model differ for older White and African American people. METHODS Interviews were conducted with a national sample of 748 older White and 752 older Black people. The responses of 1,126 of these study participants are used in the analyses presented herein. Survey measures were administered to assess church-based social ties and health. RESULTS Empirical support was provided for the following theoretical linkages: Older people who attend church often feel their congregations are more cohesive; older people in highly cohesive congregations receive more spiritual and emotional support from their fellow parishioners; older respondents who receive more church-based support have a more personal relationship with God; older people who feel more closely connected with God are more optimistic; and older people who are more optimistic enjoy better health. Data further reveal that older Black people are more likely than older White people to reap the health-related benefits of religion. DISCUSSION The findings contribute to research on religion and health by specifying how the salubrious effects of religion may arise.
Search-Aware Tuning for Machine Translation

Parameter tuning is an important problem in statistical machine translation, but surprisingly, most existing methods such as MERT, MIRA and PRO are agnostic about search, while search errors could severely degrade translation quality. We propose a searchaware framework to promote promising partial translations, preventing them from being pruned. To do so we develop two metrics to evaluate partial derivations. Our technique can be applied to all of the three above-mentioned tuning methods, and extensive experiments on Chinese-to-English and English-to-Chinese translation show up to +2.6 BLEU gains over search-agnostic baselines.
Impossible dreaming - does Australia's water law and policy fulfil Indigenous aspirations?

Despite provisions in the National Water Initiative (NWI) to the effect that Indigenous Australians should have greater participation in water planning, they are still excluded from participating in management involving water governance and economic development. This article examines the success or otherwise of State legislation and policy and of native title claims in the overall context of fulfilling the goals of the NWI. It argues that the implementation of the NWI gives a low priority to Indigenous needs in over-allocated catchments, that its goals are prejudiced by delay and difficulties in native title determinations, that consultations with Indigenous peoples are either lacking or outdated, and that outcomes generally preclude economic development. It is argued that the adoption of co-management models, especially in northern Australia, where the Indigenous land estate is substantial, may better satisfy the goals of the NWI.