Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional regulation of tenascin‐W by TGF‐beta signaling in the bone metastatic niche of breast cancer cells

Tenascin‐W is a matricellular protein with a dynamically changing expression pattern in development and disease. In adults, tenascin‐W is mostly restricted to stem cell niches, and is also expressed in the stroma of solid cancers. Here, we analyzed its expression in the bone microenvironment of breast cancer metastasis. Osteoblasts were isolated from tumor‐free or tumor‐bearing bones of mice injected with MDA‐MB231‐1833 breast cancer cells. We found a fourfold upregulation of tenascin‐W in the osteoblast population of tumor‐bearing mice compared to healthy mice, indicating that tenascin‐W is supplied by the bone metastatic niche. Transwell and co‐culture studies showed that human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) express tenascin‐W protein after exposure to factors secreted by MDA‐MB231‐1833 breast cancer cells. To study tenascin‐W gene regulation, we identified and analyzed the tenascin‐W promoter as well as three evolutionary conserved regions in the first intron. 5′RACE analysis of mRNA from human breast cancer, glioblastoma and bone tissue showed a single tenascin‐W transcript with a transcription start site at a noncoding first exon followed by exon 2 containing the ATG translation start. Site‐directed mutagenesis of a SMAD4‐binding element in proximity of the TATA box strongly impaired promoter activity. TGFβ1 induced tenascin‐W expression in human BMSCs through activation of the TGFβ1 receptor ALK5, while glucocorticoids were inhibitory. Our experiments show that tenascin‐W acts as a niche component for breast cancer metastasis to bone by supporting cell migration and cell proliferation of the cancer cells.
Capacity and Optimal Power Allocation for Spectrum-Sharing with Primary Transmission Consideration in Fading Channels

We study the capacity and optimal power allocation problem for spectrum sharing with the primary transmission consideration in fading channels. In contrast to the existing power allocation schemes designed for spectrum sharing, the proposed optimal power allocation scheme can not only exploit the channel state information of the primary user to maximize the secondary capacity, but also ensure that the primary transmission is not interrupted by the maximization of the secondary capacity, which is of great significance for some applications, especially for real-time application.
Mechanisms of Discordant Alternans and Induction of Reentry in Simulated Cardiac Tissue

BackgroundT-wave alternans, which is associated with the genesis of cardiac fibrillation, has recently been related to discordant action potential duration (APD) alternans. However, the cellular electrophysiological mechanisms responsible for discordant alternans are poorly understood. Methods and ResultsWe simulated a 2D sheet of cardiac tissue using phase 1 of the Luo-Rudy cardiac action potential model. A steep (slope >1) APD restitution curve promoted concordant APD alternans and T-wave alternans without QRS alternans. When pacing was from a single site, discordant APD alternans occurred only when the pacing rate was fast enough to engage conduction velocity (CV) restitution, producing both QRS and T-wave alternans. Tissue heterogeneity was not required for this effect. Discordant alternans markedly increases dispersion of refractoriness and increases the ability of a premature stimulus to cause localized wavebreak and induce reentry. In the absence of steep APD restitution and of CV restitution, sustained discordant alternans did not occur, but reentry could be induced if there was marked electrophysiological heterogeneity. Both discordant APD alternans and preexisting APD heterogeneity facilitate reentry by causing the waveback to propagate slowly. ConclusionDiscordant alternans arises dynamically from APD and CV restitution properties and markedly increases dispersion of refractoriness. Preexisting and dynamically induced (via restitution) dispersion of refractoriness independently increase vulnerability to reentrant arrhythmias. Reduction of dynamically induced dispersion by appropriate alteration of electrical restitution has promise as an antiarrhythmic strategy.
Binding of the Escherichia coli response regulator CheY to its target measured in vivo by fluorescence resonance energy transfer

In Escherichia coli chemotaxis, signaling depends on modulation of the level of phosphorylation of CheY, a small protein that couples receptors and flagellar motors. Working in vivo, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to measure the interaction of CheY∼P with its target, FliM. Binding of CheY∼P to FliM was found to be much less cooperative than motor switching; however, under the conditions of our experiment, most of the FliM appeared to be in the cytoplasm. We studied signal processing times in the chemotaxis pathway by measuring the changes in CheY∼P binding to FliM on flash release of caged chemoeffectors. Following sudden addition of attractant, the amount of CheY∼P bound to FliM decayed exponentially with a rate constant of about 2 s−1. Following sudden addition of repellent, FliM occupancy increased with a rate constant of about 20 s−1. Using these data, we were able to construct a simple model for the chemotactic pathway and to estimate values of rate constants for several key reactions.
Emotion non-verbal behaviour modelling: Low and high exhibitors

The key role that emotion non verbal behavior may play in the interaction between human and artificial agents, including anthropomorphic robots, is today well-known. Within this broad research area, this study took into consideration the role of the individual style in emotion multimodal expression as a relevant feature to achieve an effective and natural emotional interaction between human and robot. We analyzed the multimodal emotional behavior of 163 human subjects who were watching an emotional disgusting film (Gross, 1998). All subjects were asked to answer three questionnaires to assess their dispositional regulatory strategies. Results showed: (1) different use of multiple behavioral categories; (2) strong inter-individual variability among low and high exhibitors; (3) significant differences with respect to individual styles of regulation and coping, when their measure is highly contextualized. All these factors should be considered when modeling emotion.
Food and beverage purchases in corner stores, gas-marts, pharmacies and dollar stores

Abstract Objective Little is known about customer purchases of foods and beverages from small and non-traditional food retailers (i.e. corner stores, gas-marts, dollar stores and pharmacies). The present study aimed to: (i) describe customer characteristics, shopping frequency and reasons for shopping at small and non-traditional food retailers; and (ii) describe food/beverage purchases and their nutritional quality, including differences across store type. Design Data were collected through customer intercept interviews. Nutritional quality of food/beverage purchases was analysed; a Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score for purchases was created by aggregating participant purchases at each store. Setting Small and non-traditional food stores that were not WIC-authorized in Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, USA. Subjects Customers (n 661) from 105 food retailers. Results Among participants, 29 % shopped at the store at least once daily; an additional 44 % shopped there at least once weekly. Most participants (74 %) cited convenient location as the primary draw to the store. Customers purchased a median of 2262 kJ (540 kcal), which varied by store type (P=0·04). The amount of added sugar far surpassed national dietary recommendations. At dollar stores, participants purchased a median of 5302 kJ (1266 kcal) for a median value of $US 2·89. Sugar-sweetened beverages were the most common purchase. The mean HEI-2010 score across all stores was 36·4. Conclusions Small and non-traditional food stores contribute to the urban food environment. Given the poor nutritional quality of purchases, findings support the need for interventions that address customer decision making in these stores.
BAF200 Is Required for Heart Morphogenesis and Coronary Artery Development

ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes utilize ATP hydrolysis to non-covalently change nucleosome-DNA interactions and are essential in stem cell development, organogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Biochemical studies show that SWI/SNF in mammalian cells can be divided into two subcomplexes BAF and PBAF based on the subunit composition. ARID2 or BAF200 has been defined as an intrinsic subunit of PBAF complex. However, the function of BAF200 in vivo is not clear. To dissect the possible role of BAF200 in regulating embryogenesis and organ development, we generated BAF200 mutant mice and found they were embryonic lethal. BAF200 mutant embryos exhibited multiple cardiac defects including thin myocardium, ventricular septum defect, common atrioventricular valve, and double outlet right ventricle around E14.5. Moreover, we also detected reduced intramyocardial coronary arteries in BAF200 mutants, suggesting that BAF200 is required for proper migration and differentiation of subepicardial venous cells into arterial endothelial cells. Our work revealed that PBAF complex plays a critical role in heart morphogenesis and coronary artery angiogenesis.
R&D in Swedish Multinational Corporations

Using unique data on Swedish multinational corporations (MNCs) in manufacturing, this study investigates several dimensions relating to industrial R&D. The development in the Iatter half of the 1980s is emphasized. Between 1978 and 1990 R&D intensity of the Swedish MNCs almost doubled from about 2 to 4 percent. It is further noted that growth in real R&D expenditures declined in the second half of the 19808 compared with the earIy 19808. The statistical analysis supports the view that Swedish MNCs to a large extent base their international competitiveness, measured as foreign sales, on technological capabilities created through R&D activities. On the other hand, the analysis also indicates that more sales in foreign markets increases the rate of return on each R&D SEK spent, and, thus, induces more R&D expenditures. Finally, it is shown that the marginal productivity of R&D is positive, although this effect is statistically weak and seems to have decreased over time.
Obesity and Counseling

A theoretical model is developed addressing habit formation and time-inconsistent preferences in consumption of unhealthy foods. In particular, the effects of counseling in altering the consumption satiation point and lowering individual discount rates are investigated. The model highlights the importance of health counseling and offers support to initiatives such as low-cost obesity screening and counseling.
Endocytosis of simian virus 40 into the endoplasmic reticulum

The endocytosis of SV-40 into CV-1 cells we studied using biochemical and ultrastructural techniques. The half-time of binding of [35S]methionine-radiolabeled SV-40 to CV-1 cells was 25 min. Most of the incoming virus particles remained undegraded for several hours. Electron microscopy showed that some virus entered the endosomal/lysosomal pathway via coated vesicles, while the majority were endocytosed via small uncoated vesicles. After infection at high multiplicity, one third of total cell-associated virus was observed to enter the ER, starting 1-2 h after virus application. The viruses were present in large, tubular, smooth membrane networks generated as extentions of the ER. The results describe a novel and unique membrane transport pathway that allows endocytosed viral particles to be targeted from the plasma membrane to the ER.
Cross-Layer Design for Downlink Multihop Cloud Radio Access Networks With Network Coding

There are two fundamentally different fronthaul techniques in the downlink communication of cloud radio access network (C-RAN): the data-sharing strategy and the compression-based strategy. Under the former strategy, each user's message is multicast from the central processor (CP) to all the serving remote radio heads (RRHs) over the fronthaul network, which then cooperatively serve the users through joint beamforming; while under the latter strategy, the user messages are first beamformed then quantized at the CP, and the compressed signal is unicast to the corresponding RRH, which then decompresses its received signal for wireless transmission. Previous works show that in general the compression-based strategy outperforms the data-sharing strategy. This paper, on the other hand, points out that in a C-RAN model where the RRHs are connected to the CP via multihop routers, data-sharing can be superior to compression if the network coding technique is adopted for multicasting user messages to the cooperating RRHs, and the RRH's beamforming vectors, the user-RRH association, and the network coding design over the fronthaul network are jointly optimized based on the techniques of sparse optimization and successive convex approximation. This is in comparison to the compression-based strategy, where information is unicast over the fronthaul network by simple routing, and the RRH's compression noise covariance and beamforming vectors, as well as the routing strategy over the fronthaul network are jointly optimized based on the successive convex approximation technique. The observed gain in overall network throughput is due to that information multicast is more efficient than information unicast over the multihop fronthaul of a C-RAN.
Evidence of Rickettsia spp. infection in Sweden: a clinical, ultrastructural and serological study

Sweden is an area potentially endemic for spotted fever rickettsioses. Rickettsia helvetica has been isolated from its tick vector Ixodes ricinus, and in a handful of cases linked to human disease. This study demonstrates for the first time in Sweden the transmission of rickettsial infection after a tick bite and the attack rate in an endemic area. We present three cases of documented rickettsial infection and a prospective serological study of Swedish recruits who were trained in the area where the patients lived and showed seroconversion to spotted fever rickettsiae. All patients showed a four‐fold increase in antibody titer to the spotted fever rickettsia, R. helvetica, and immunohistochemical examination revealed rickettsia‐like organisms in the walls of skin capillaries and veins. Electron microscopy showed organisms resembling R. helvetica and immunogold labeling with two anti‐rickettsial antibodies demonstrated specific labeling of the rickettsial organisms in the skin biopsy specimens. Eight of the thirty‐five recruits showed a four‐fold increase in IgG titer reflecting a high rate of exposure. The results of this study demonstrate that spotted fever rickettsioses should be taken into consideration in the diagnosis of tick‐transmitted infections in Sweden.
Energy Management and Task Scheduling of an Energy Harvesting , Structural Health Monitoring System

Monitoring certain features of a structure over time and evaluating these features to determine the health of a structure is referred to as Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). SHiMmer, a solar-powered wireless SHM system, monitors a structure, processes the results, and transmits the data to an external device. In this paper, we examine the components of SHiMmer and reveal both its capabilities and limitations. We describe an energy management simulation that will prove to be important in SHiMmer’s future. We test the three task components, integrate the XBee API operation into the communication task, and measure the energy consumption for two tasks.
Competition and Predation in Marine Soft-Sediment Communities

One of the major goals of community ecology is to understand how interactions among the resident organisms affect their distribution and abundance. For terrestrial and rocky intertidal communities competition and predation clearly can play pivotal roles in community organization (28, 47, 84). The importance of biological processes in organizing marine soft-sediment communities is not as well understood (86), despite the fact that marine soft-sediments are the most common habitat on earth. As 1 argue below, paradigms of co~nmunity organization based on other habitats seem to offer little insight into the structure of marine soft-sediment communities. Rather than attempting to explain the failure of such paradigms, I argue that softsediment habitats are sufficiently different from other communities that different paradigms are needed. Soft-sediment communities are unusual in the rate at which the nature of the physical environment can change. Most sedimentary particles are smaller than the resident organisms (the infauna). The activities of the infauna can dramatically change the nature of the environment over time periods of hours or days. For instance, burrowing infauna may increase the porosity and erodability of the sediment (102). Subsurface deposit-feeders may alter the
Packet scheduling in input-queued cell-based switches

Input-queued switch architectures play a major role in the design of high performance switches and routers for packet networks. These architectures must be controlled by a scheduling algorithm, which solves contentions in the transfer of data units from inputs to outputs. Several scheduling algorithms were proposed in the literature for input-queued cell switches, operating on fixed-size data units. In this paper we consider the case of packet switches, i.e., devices operating on variable-size data units at their interfaces, but internally operating on cells, and we propose novel extensions of known scheduling algorithms. We prove that the maximum throughput achievable by input-queued packet switches is identical to that achievable with input- and output-queued cell switches. We show by simulation that, in the case of packet switches, input-queued architectures may provide performance advantages over output-queued architectures.
Tetrahymena as a Unicellular Model Eukaryote: Genetic and Genomic Tools

Tetrahymena thermophila is a ciliate model organism whose study has led to important discoveries and insights into both conserved and divergent biological processes. In this review, we describe the tools for the use of Tetrahymena as a model eukaryote, including an overview of its life cycle, orientation to its evolutionary roots, and methodological approaches to forward and reverse genetics. Recent genomic tools have expanded Tetrahymena’s utility as a genetic model system. With the unique advantages that Tetrahymena provide, we argue that it will continue to be a model organism of choice.
Identifying Untyped Relation Mentions in a Corpus given an Ontology

In this paper we present the SDOIrmi text graph-based semi-supervised algorithm for the task for relation mention identification when the underlying concept mentions have already been identified and linked to an ontology. To overcome the lack of annotated data, we propose a labelling heuristic based on information extracted from the ontology. We evaluated the algorithm on the kdd09cma1 dataset using a leave-one-document-out framework and demonstrated an increase in F1 in performance over a co-occurrence based AllTrue baseline algorithm. An extrinsic evaluation of the predictions suggests a worthwhile precision on the more confidently predicted additions to the ontology.
A Two-Component Multidrug Efflux Pump, EbrAB, in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT Genes (ebrAB) responsible for ethidium resistance were cloned from chromosomal DNA of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372. The recombinant plasmid produced elevated resistance against ethidium bromide, acriflavine, pyronine Y, and safranin O not only inEscherichia coli but also in B. subtilis. It also caused an elevated energy-dependent efflux of ethidium in E. coli. EbrA and EbrB showed high sequence similarity with members of the small multidrug resistance (SMR) family of multidrug efflux pumps. Neither ebrA nor ebrB was sufficient for resistance, but introduction of the two genes carried on different plasmids conferred drug resistance. Thus, both EbrA and EbrB appear to be necessary for activity of the multidrug efflux pump. In known members of the SMR family, only one gene produces drug efflux. Thus, EbrAB is a novel SMR family multidrug efflux pump with two components.
Formulation and evaluation of bilayered tablet of Piracetam and Vinpocetine

The aim of present work was the formulation of Bi-l ayer tablets of Piracetam and Vinpocetine, so that synergistic effect of this combination coul d be used for the effective treatment of Alzheimer Disease. Wet granulation process was used for the formulation of both layers and the final film coated tablets were evaluated for the th ickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution study. Among the f ormulation, tablets of batch V2 of vinpocetine & batch P3 of piracetam was taken as optimized form ula due to its higher rate of dissolution and complied all the other parameters with the official specifications. The stability study of the selected formulations was done at 40 ̊C and 75% RH f or 3 months. It was concluded that Piracetam, Vinpocetine Bi-layer tablets can be prep ar d successfully as it satisfies all the criteria as a Bilayered tablet and would be alterna tive to the currently available conventional tablets.
Fast algorithms for (max, min)-matrix multiplication and bottleneck shortest paths

Given a directed graph with a capacity on each edge, the all-pairs bottleneck paths (APBP) problem is to determine, for all vertices s and t, the maximum flow that can be routed from s to t. For dense graphs this problem is equivalent to that of computing the (max, min)-transitive closure of a real-valued matrix. In this paper, we give a (max, min)-matrix multiplication algorithm running in time O(n(3+ω)/2) ≤ O(n2.688), where ω is the exponent of binary matrix multiplication. Our algorithm improves on a recent O(n2+ω/3) ≤ O(n2.792)- time algorithm of Vassilevska, Williams, and Yuster. Although our algorithm is slower than the best APBP algorithm on vertex capacitated graphs, running in O(n2.575) time, it is just as efficient as the best algorithm for computing the dominance product, a problem closely related to (max, min)-matrix multiplication. Our techniques can be extended to give subcubic algorithms for related bottleneck problems. The all-pairs bottleneck shortest paths problem (APBSP) asks for the maximum flow that can be routed along a shortest path. We give an APBSP algorithm for edge-capacitated graphs running in O(n(3+ω)/2) time and a slightly faster O(n2.657)-time algorithm for vertex-capactitated graphs. The second algorithm significantly improves on an O(n2.859)-time APBSP algorithm of Shapira, Yuster, and Zwick. Our APBSP algorithms make use of new hybrid products we call the distance-max-min product and dominance-distance product.