Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tool Use in Animals: Insight, imagination and invention: Tool understanding in a non-tool-using corvid

The ability of animals to use tools has tended to represent a hallmark of intelligent behavior; i.e., those species that use tools are thought to be smarter than those species that do not. However, many species have been described as tool users, including species that we do not traditionally endow with complex cognition (Beck, 1980). For example, sea otters float with flat rocks on their chests onto which they break shellfish; green herons lower bait or lures (feathers, flowers or insects) onto the surface of the water to attract fish, which they then catch. Tool manufacture, rather than tool use per se, may be a finer-grade distinction in terms of intellectual capacity. Evidence supporting a relationship between tool use and intelligence can be seen in analyses of species of birds and mammals who demonstrate true tool use (i.e., use of objects detached from the environment as tools, such as probes or hammers), have relatively larger brains than species which either do not use tools, or which only demonstrate proto-tool use (i.e., use of objects in situ to facilitate the function of an action, such as dropping shells onto a rock to break them; Lefebvre et al., 2002; Reader & Laland, 2002). It not clear whether these are meaningful relationships due to issues with the data used (see below) or the result of some other factor, such as the diet of tool users being better than non-tool users, which has the resultant effect of causing increases in brain size. But is there any evidence that tool users are actually smarter than non-tool users? In this chapter I will discuss a series of experiments on a member of the corvid family of birds, rooks (Corvus frugilegus). Rooks have not been observed using tools in the wild and do not spontaneously use objects as tools in captivity. After examining whether rooks could solve a causal reasoning task that had been adapted for non-tool-using species (two-trap-tube task; Seed et al., 2006), we wanted to further investigate what this species may have understood about how tools worked, what made a functional tool and even whether certain materials could be manipulated to make them into functional tools. This chapter will describe these tasks in detail, but extend the discussion on one remarkable result and its implications for our understanding of insight, imagination and invention.
Using Intelligent Proxies to Develop Self-Adaptive Service-Based Systems

We present the theory underpinning the operation of a new tool-supported approach to engineering self-adaptive service-based systems (SBSs), and preliminary results from its evaluation in a telehealth case study. SBSs developed using our approach select their services dynamically, in order to maintain compliance with reliability requirements in the presence of changes in service behaviour. This adaptation is enabled by a new type of web service proxy called an intelligent proxy.
Obesity and metabolic disease: is adipose tissue the culprit?

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and CVD. Is adipose tissue the culprit in the relationship between obesity and metabolic disease? It iscertainly possible to argue that adipose tissue function is disturbed in obesity in sucha way that adverse consequences may follow. For instance, lipolysis is down regulated, the sensitivity of lipolysis to insulin is reduced and there are disturbances in the regulation of adipose tissue blood flow. However, when examined critically these changes canbe seen as adaptations to the increased adipose tissue mass, making the situation betterrather than worse. In terms of the many peptide and other factors now known to be secreted from adipose tissue, it is easier to argue that adipose tissue is the culprit. However, for no single ‘adipokine’ is there as yet unequivocal evidence of a link between adipose tissue secretion and adverse metabolic events in other tissues. The bestdocumented of these adipokines in relation to insulin resistance is adiponectin. Here, unusually, adiponectin confers insulin sensitivity, and its secretion is down regulated in obesity. It could be again that adipose tissue has down regulated its function in an attempt to compensate for itsincreased mass, although certainly that down-regulation is too extreme. On balance, it is clear that adipose tissue is a link in the chain of events leading to metabolic disease, but in many respects it is an innocent intermediary trying to deal with the consequences of positive energy balance, the real culprit.
Overcast: Forensic Discovery in Cloud Environments

While best practices and standards are emerging, supported by advances in research, for forensic investigations in individual computer systems and networks, new challenges are arising, which threaten to more than make up for the ground gained by investigators and researchers. In this paper we review some of the challenges posed by the increasingly common use of highly distributed and complex systems in a number of environments and attempt to outline a research agenda for investigations potentially spanning multiple jurisdictions, large numbers of distributed systems and services, and stretching out over extended periods of time, noting that — despite a strong focus on core areas of computer science and mathematics — there is an inherent strong need for interdisciplinary work linking the requirements and concepts of evidence arising from the legal field to what can be feasibly reconstructed and inferred algorithmically or in an exploratory manner.
Different cell fates after mitotic slippage: From aneuploidy to polyploidy

ABSTRACT The molecular mechanism responsible for cell fate after mitotic slippage remains unclear. We investigated the different postmitotic effects of aneuploidy versus polyploidy using chemical inhibitors of centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) and kinesin family member 11 (KIF11, also known as Eg5). Aneuploidy caused substantial proteotoxic stress and DNA damage accompanied by p53-mediated postmitotic apoptosis, whereas polyploidy did not induce these antiproliferative effects.
Physical characteristics of elite adolescent female basketball players and their relationship to match performance

Abstract There were two aims of this study: first, to investigate physical fitness and match performance differences between under-16 (U16) and under-18 (U18) female basketball players, and second, to evaluate the relationship between physical fitness and game-related performances. Twenty-three young, female, elite Spanish basketball players (16.2 1.2 years) participated in the study. The sample was divided into two groups: U16 and U18 players. The average scores from pre- and post-season physical fitness measurements were used for subsequent analyses. Anthropometric variables were also measured. To evaluate game performance, game-related statistics, including the number of games and minutes played, points, rebounds, assists, steals and blocks per game, were recorded for every competitive match in one season. When anthropometric and physical performance variables were compared between groups, the U18 group demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) higher values in upper (+21.2%) and lower (+27.11%) limb strength compared to the U16 group. Furthermore, no significant differences between groups were observed in match performance outcomes. Only two performance variables, steals and assists per game, correlated significantly with jump capacity, speed, agility, anaerobic power, repeated sprint ability and aerobic power (p ≤ 0.005). These findings can help optimize training programs for young, elite female basketball players.
Evaluation of the preventative effects exerted by Lactobacillus fermentum in an experimental model of septic shock induced in mice

The preventative effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 were evaluated in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of septic shock in mice. The probiotic was administered suspended in drinking water at the final concentration of 108 colony-forming units/ml for 2 weeks before the induction of an endotoxic shock by an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (400 μg/200 μl per mouse). Blood and different organs were collected after 24 h to evaluate the severity of the endotoxic shock and the preventative effects of the probiotic. L. fermentum reduced TNF-α levels in blood, which promotes the major alterations observed during septic shock, as well as the infiltration of activated neutrophils into the lungs. Furthermore, free radical overproduction and oxidative stress were associated with a significant decrease in hepatic glutathione levels in septic mice, and with an excessive NO production attributed to the induction of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS). In fact, hepatic glutathione levels were significantly increased in the group of mice receiving the probiotic, and the increased iNOS expression both in the colon and lungs was down-regulated in those mice treated with L. fermentum. Finally, pre-treatment with L. fermentum may also exert its protective action modulating the expression of different cytokines in splenocyte-derived T cells such us IL-2, IL-5, IL-6 or IL-10. In conclusion, pre-treatment with L. fermentum may exert its protective action against LPS-induced organ damage in mice by a combination of several actions including its antioxidant properties and by reduction of the synthesis of the pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6.
Fuzzy Regulator Design for Wind Turbine Yaw Control

This paper proposes the development of an advanced fuzzy logic controller which aims to perform intelligent automatic control of the yaw movement of wind turbines. The specific fuzzy controller takes into account both the wind velocity and the acceptable yaw error correlation in order to achieve maximum performance efficacy. In this way, the proposed yaw control system is remarkably adaptive to the existing conditions. In this way, the wind turbine is enabled to retain its power output close to its nominal value and at the same time preserve its yaw system from pointless movement. Thorough simulation tests evaluate the proposed system effectiveness.
An Evolutionary Approach to Discourse-level Knowledge Discovery from Texts ⋆

This paper proposes a new approach for mining novel patterns from textual databases which considers both the mining process itself, the evaluation of this knowledge, and the human assessment. This is achieved by integrating Information Extraction technology and Genetic Algorithms to produce high-level explanatory novel hypotheses. Experimental results using the model are discussed and the assessment by human experts are highlighted.
Probabilistic reachability analysis of the tap withdrawal circuit in caenorhabditis elegans

We present a probabilistic reachability analysis of a (nonlinear ODE) model of a neural circuit in Caeorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), the common roundworm. In particular, we consider Tap Withdrawal (TW), a reflexive behavior exhibited by a C. elegans worm in response to vibrating the surface on which it is moving. The neural circuit underlying this response is the subject of this investigation. Specially, we perform bounded-time reachability analysis on the TW circuit model of Wicks et al. (1996) to estimate the probability of various TW responses. The Wicks et al. model has a number of parameters, and we demonstrate that the various TW responses and their probability of occurrence in a population of worms can be viewed as a problem of parameter uncertainty. Our approach to this problem rests on encoding each TW response as a hybrid automaton with parametric uncertainty. We then perform probabilistic reachability analysis on these automata using a technique that combines a δ-decision procedure with statistical tests. The results we obtain are a significant extension of those of Wicks et al. (1996), who equip their model with fixed parameter values that reproduce a single TW response. In contrast, our technique allow us to more thoroughly explore the models parameter space using statistical sampling theory, identifying in the process the distribution of TW responses. Wicks et al. conducted a number of ablation experiments on a population of worms in which one or more of the neurons in the TW circuit are surgically ablated (removed). We show that our technique can be used to correctly estimate TW response-probabilities for four of these ablation groups. We also use our technique to predict TW response behavior for two ablation groups not previously considered by Wicks et al.
Unterschiede in Bindung und Persönlichkeit bei Kindern in Erziehungsberatung, in Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und in Kontrollfamilien

Summary Differences in Attachment and Personality in Children from Child Guidance Centers, Child Psychiatry Units, and Control Families Insecure attachment and deficits in self-regulation as personality traits are risk factors for the development of psychopathological symptoms from infancy on. This study examines differences in attachment and personality in late childhood, comparing children from non-clinical families, from a child guidance center, and child psychiatry units with in-patient care. Children’s attachment representations, their attachment behavior strategy, reported distressing parental behavior, their emotional openness, and attachment coherency were assessed with the Late Childhood Attachment Interview (LCAI). Ego-resiliency, ego-undercontrol, field-independence, aggressiveness, and anxiety were assessed by means of the California Child Q-Sort. The results show clear attachment differences, with the child guidance group showing more attachment insecurity in the LCAI compared to the control .
DCACrypt-A Design of Privacy Preserving in Cloud Storage

This article describe how DCACrypt(Divide and Conquer with AES Cryptography) can be deployed for privacy control in cloud Storage. The DCACrypt Split data into blocks and distribute these blocks randomly between multiple cloud Storage provider. The information of location of blocks and relationship between them is kept in an encrypted file using user key. This process will do on user machine this will help prevent cloud machine to overload. And reduced Trust on cloud server provider Due to this individual cloud storage provider cannot disclose any meaningful information, and hence DCACrypt is able to ensure the privacy of user data in the cloud. We present a formal model and simulation result.
Nova Sagittarii 1994 1 (V4332 Sagittarii): The Discovery and Evolution of an Unusual Luminous Red Variable Star

We report photometry and spectroscopy of the evolution of Nova Sagittarii 1994 1 (V4332 Sagittarii) during outburst. We compare the photometric and spectral evolution of this outburst with known classes of outbursts—including classical novae and outbursts occurring on symbiotic stars—and find this object does not conform to any known class of outburst. The closest match to the behavior of this unusual object is M31 RV, an extremely luminous and red variable object discovered in the bulge of M31 in 1988. However, the temporal behavior and maximum luminosity of the two events differ by several orders of magnitude, requiring substantial intrinsic variation if these two events are members the same type of outburst. Our model of the spectroscopic evolution of this outburst shows that the effective temperature cooled from 4400 to 2300 K over the 3 month span of our observations. In combination with line diagnostics in our later spectra, including [O I] λ5577 and the dramatic increase in the Hα-to-Hβ ratio, we infer the existence of a cool, dense (Ne ∼ 108–109 cm-3) envelope that is optically thick in the hydrogen Balmer recombination lines (case C). We suggest that a nuclear event in a single star, in which a slow shock drove the photosphere outward, can power the observed luminosity evolution and the emission spectrum.
Psikolojik Şiddet Üzerine Yazılan Yüksek Lisans Tezlerine Yönelik Bir İnceleme (A Literature Review for Master Thesis That Is Written On the Psychological Violence)

Turkish Abstract: Mobbing (psikolojik siddet) davranislarina bircok kisi maruz kalmakta ve gerek sosyal gerekse is yasantisini olumsuz yonde etkilemektedir. Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’deki universitelerde yayinlanan yuksek lisans tezlerindeki “mobbing” kavramini ele alan tezleri tespit etmek, bu calismalarin hangi degiskenleri ele aldigini belirlemek, calisma konularini icerik ve yontem acisindan sorgulamaktir. Nitel arastirma yontemi kapsaminda gerceklestirilen bu arastirmanin verileri, YOK (Yuksek Ogretim Kurulu) Ulusal Tez Merkezi’ne kayitli tezlerden elde edilmistir. Arastirma sonucuna gore, mobbing uzerine 127 yuksek lisans tezi yazilmis; ancak bazi tezlerin kullanimi ve yayinlanmasinda karsilasilan kisitliliklar nedeniyle orneklem kapsaminda 109 tez incelenmistir. Icerik analiz sonuclarina gore; mobbing baslikli yuksek lisans tezlerini yayinlayan universitelerin buyuk bir cogunlugunun Ic Anadolu ve Marmara Bolgesi’nde bulundugu, incelenen tezlerin 102’sinde nicel 8’inde ise nitel yontemin kullanildigi, tezlerin uygulama bolumunun buyuk bir kismini ogretmenlerin ve saglik calisanlarinin olusturdugu, mobbing kavraminin orgutsel baglilik ve is doyumu kavramlariyla daha cok iliskilendirildigi tespit edilmistir.English Abstract: Many people are exposed to the mobbing behavior and it has a negative impact on social and business life of them. The aim of this study is to determine master thesis which are written about psychological violence at the universities in Turkey, to determine which variables that has addressed, to question study topics in terms of content and method. The data of this research which is performed within qualitative research, has been obtained from the National Thesis Center at YOK. According to the results of research, 127 master’s thesis have been written about mobbing; however 109 thesis have been searched because there have been some limitations on the publications and used. According to the results of content analysis; it is identified that the universities which publish the master’s thesis about mobbing is mostly in Central Anatolian and Marmara Region, that were used 102 quantitative methods only 8 of the qualitative methods, that include a large of application section of research on the teachers and health workers, that the concept of mobbing is mostly associated with concepts of the organizational commitment and job satisfaction.
Worst-case large deviations upper bounds for i.i.d. sequences under ambiguity

An introductory study of large deviations upper bounds from a worst-case perspective under parameter uncertainty (referred to as ambiguity) of the underlying distributions is given. Borrowing ideas from robust optimization, suitable sets of ambiguity are defined for imprecise parameters of underlying distributions. Both univariate and multivariate i.i. d. sequences of random variables are considered. The resulting optimization problems are challenging min‒max (or max‒min) problems that admit some simplifications and some explicit results, mostly in the case of the normal probability law.
Improved Corners with Multi‐Channel Signed Distance Fields

We propose an extension to the state‐of‐the‐art text rendering technique based on sampling a 2D signed distance field from a texture. This extension significantly improves the visual quality of sharp corners, which is the most problematic feature to reproduce for the original technique. We achieve this by using a combination of multiple distance fields in conjunction, which together provide a more thorough representation of the given glyph's (or any other 2D shape's) geometry. This multi‐channel distance field representation is described along with its application in shader‐based rendering. The rendering process itself remains very simple and efficient, and is fully compatible with previous monochrome distance fields. The introduced method of multi‐channel distance field construction requires a vector representation of the input shape. A comparative measurement of rendering quality shows that the error in the output image can be reduced by up to several orders of magnitude.
Effectiveness of rehabilitation in enhancing community integration after acute traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE We assessed evidence for post-acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation interventions used to enhance community integration (CI) relevant to occupational therapy. METHOD We conducted a systematic review of intervention studies on TBI rehabilitation from 1990 to 2007. RESULTS We analyzed and summarized 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of 10 studies, 7 found that post-acute TBI rehabilitation benefits CI; all effective studies involved occupational therapy or involved interventions occupational therapists can do. CONCLUSION Many CI programs show positive results and should be studied more rigorously. Such promising programs should also be considered when decisions about post-acute TBI rehabilitation services for clients are being made. To further establish that post-acute TBI rehabilitation interventions improve CI, future studies should include intervention strategies based on injury severity, a control group, and longer term follow-up. The role of occupational therapy in these effective programs should be further explored.
Key Sentence Extraction from Single Document based on Triangle Analysis in Dependency Graph

— Document summarization is a technique aimed to automatically extract main ideas from electronic documents. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, called TriangleSum for key sentence extraction from single document based on graph theory. The algorithm builds a dependency graph for the underlying document based on co-occurrence relation as well as syntactic dependency relations. The nodes represent words or phrases of high frequency, and edges represent dependency, or co-occurrence relations between them. The clustering coefficient is computed from each node to measure the strength of connection between the node and its neighborhood nodes in a graph. By identifying triangles of nodes in the graph, a part of the dependency graph can be extracted as marks of key sentences. At last, a set of key sentences that represent the main document information can be extracted.