Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reorganization of budding yeast cytoplasm upon energy depletion

Yeast cells, when exposed to stress, can enter a protective state in which cell division, growth, and metabolism are down-regulated. They remain viable in this state until nutrients become available again. How cells enter this protective survival state and what happens at a cellular and subcellular level are largely unknown. In this study, we used electron tomography to investigate stress-induced ultrastructural changes in the cytoplasm of yeast cells. After ATP depletion, we observed significant cytosolic compaction and extensive cytoplasmic reorganization, as well as the emergence of distinct membrane-bound and membraneless organelles. Using correlative light and electron microscopy, we further demonstrated that one of these membraneless organelles was generated by the reversible polymerization of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, an essential enzyme in the initiation of protein synthesis, into large bundles of filaments. The changes we observe are part of a stress-induced survival strategy, allowing yeast cells to save energy, protect proteins from degradation, and inhibit protein functionality by forming assemblies of proteins.
Improved rectangular hyperbola method for the determination of coefficient of consolidation

From the Terzaghi's theory of consolidation, it can be shown that the T/U versus T relation is a rectangular hyperbola over a fairly wide range of degree of consolidation. In the plot of T/U versus T, a straight line is fitted for the range of 60 to 90% degree of consolidation with a high precision. A method of calculating the coefficient of consolidation Cv is presented. The results are compared with the results obtained by the conventional methods, viz, square root of time fitting method and logarithm of time fitting method.
Faculty of Actuarial Science and Insurance Pricing and Capital Requirements for With Profit Contracts: Modelling Considerations

The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of alternative frameworks for the fair valuation of life insurance contracts with a predominant financial component, in terms of impact on the market consistent price of the contracts, the options embedded therein, and the capital requirements for the insurer. In particular, we model the dynamics of the log-returns of the reference fund using the so-called Merton process (Merton, 1976), which is given by the sum of an arithmetic Brownian motion and a compound Poisson process, and the Variance Gamma (VG) process introduced by Madan and Seneta (1990), and further refined by Madan and Milne (1991) and Madan et al. (1998). We conclude that, although the choice of the market model does not affect significantly the market consistent price of the overall benefit due at maturity, the consequences of a model misspecification on the capital requirements are quite severe.
On the Sylvester–Gallai theorem for conics

In the present note we give a new proof of a result due to Wiseman and Wilson [13] which establishes an analogue of the Sylvester-Gallai theorem valid for curves of degree two. The main ingredients of the proof come from algebraic geometry. Specifically, we use Cremona transformation of the projective plane and Hirzebruch inequality (1). ∗MD, TS, JS, HTG were partially supported by National Science Centre, Poland, grant 2014/15/B/ST1/02197 Adam Czapliński, Institut für Mathematik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany E-mail: czaplins@uni-mainz.de Marcin Dumnicki, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Mathematics, Lojasiewicza 6, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland E-mail: Marcin.Dumnicki@im.uj. edu.pl Lucja Farnik, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Mathematics, Lojasiewicza 6, PL-30-348 Kraków, Poland E-mail: Lucja.Farnik@im.uj. edu.pl Janusz Gwoździewicz, Instytut Matematyki UP, Podchora̧żych 2, PL-30-084 Kraków, Poland E-mail: gwozd63@gmail.com Magdalena Lampa-Baczyńska, Instytut Matematyki UP, Podchora̧żych 2, PL-30-084 Kraków, Poland E-mail: lampa.baczynska@wp.pl Grzegorz Malara, Instytut Matematyki UP, Podchora̧żych 2, PL-30-084 Kraków, Poland E-mail: gmalara@up.krakow. pl Tomasz Szemberg, Instytut Matematyki UP, Podchora̧żych 2, PL-30-084 Kraków, Poland E-mail: szemberg@up.krakow. pl Justyna Szpond, Instytut Matematyki UP, Podchora̧żych 2, PL-30-084 Kraków, Poland E-mail: szpond@up.krakow. pl Halszka Tutaj-Gasińska, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Mathematics, Lojasiewicza 6, PL30-348 Kraków, Poland E-mail: Halszka.Tutaj@im.uj. edu.pl 2 A. Czapliński et al. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 52C30, 05B30, 14Q10.
HST Observations of New Horizontal Branch Structures in the Globular Cluster ω Centauri

The globular cluster ω Centauri contains the largest known population of very hot horizontal branch (HB) stars. We have used the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain a far-UV/optical color-magnitude diagram of three fields in ω Cen. We find that over 30% of the HB objects are “extreme” HB or hot post-HB stars. The hot HB stars are not concentrated toward the cluster center, which argues 1 Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract No. NAS5-26555. Current Address: Chatterton Astronomy Department & Research Centre for Theoretical Astrophysics, A-28 School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Current Address: Raytheon ITSS, Code 644, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt MD 20771; dorman@veris.gsfc. nasa.gov
Present-day temperatures in northern Scandinavia during the last glaciation

Scandinavia is generally considered to have been covered extensively with ice throughout marine isotope stages (MIS) 4–2 between 75 and 10 ka. Here we present evidence for ice-free, warm conditions in the central area of the Scandinavian glaciations during MIS 3. Our multiproxy data obtained from a lacustrine sequence in northern Fin-land reveal not only significant response in the northeastern sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet to warming during the early part of MIS 3, but also indicate rapid climate warming to present-day temperatures in this ice-free period. New climate-model simulations for interstadial conditions in MIS 3 confirm the high mean July temperatures northeast of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in response to the high insolation values and the presence of the ice sheet during MIS 3.
A study of dynamical seasonal prediction of potential water resources based on an atmospheric GCM experiment with prescribed sea-surface temperature

Abstract The inter-annual variability and potential predictability of seasonal mean potentially available water resources (precipitation, P, minus evaporation, E), are investigated based on SST-forced ensemble dynamical seasonal atmospheric prediction using the Japan Meteorological Agency global model. High temporal correlations between the observed P—E and the model-ensemble average prediction of P—E are found in the central part of the USA for boreal winter and spring, and in eastern Brazil for boreal spring and summer, while a negative correlation is found in India for all seasons. The correlation in Siberia is low in all seasons, and that in Japan is high only in boreal winter. The P—E potential predictability is highest in the tropics and lower in the extra-tropics. High variance ratios exceeding 0.4 are confined to limited land areas. In addition to river basins where seasonal discharge predictions using statistical models were possible in previous works, the Congo, Mekong and Columbia rivers, were also found to be promising with high-potential predictability.
Age‑ and sex‑specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self‑reported health in the general population

Purpose The health correlates of polygenic risk (PRS-SCZ) and exposome (ES-SCZ) scores for schizophrenia may vary depending on age and sex. We aimed to examine age- and sex-specific associations of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ with self-reported health in the general population. Methods Participants were from the population-based Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study–2 (NEM-ESIS-2). Mental and physical health were measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey 4 times between 2007 and 2018. The PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ were respectively calculated from common genetic variants and exposures (cannabis use, winter birth, hearing impairment, and five childhood adversity categories). Moderation by age and sex was examined in linear mixed models. Results For PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ analyses, we included 3099 and 6264 participants, respectively (age range 18–65 years; 55.7–56.1% female). Age and sex did not interact with PRS-SCZ. Age moderated the association between ES-SCZ and mental (interaction: p = 0.02) and physical health ( p = 0.0007): at age 18, + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.10 of mental health and − 0.08 of physical health, whereas at age 65, it was associated with − 0.21 and − 0.23, respectively (all units in standard deviations). Sex moderated the association between ES-SCZ and physical health ( p < .0001): + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.19 of physical health among female and − 0.11 among male individuals. Conclusion There were larger associations between higher ES-SCZ and poorer health among female and older individuals. Accounting for these interactions may increase ES-SCZ precision and help uncover populational determinants of environmental influences on health.
Secuencias nucleotídicas de la región ITS en familias S1 y PL de maíces poliembriónicos

Poliembrionia (PEm) es una mutacion poco frecuente en maiz (Zea mays L.) y se manifiesta en la formacion y desarrollo de dos o mas plantas por semilla. Los mecanismos y causas de la PEm no estan aun definidos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la similitud de la secuencia de la region ITS de plantas madre y su progenie PEm obtenidas por autofecundacion (S1) y polinizacion libre (PL). La progenie se obtuvo a partir de la poblacion UA-IMM-BAP (braquiticas, alta poliembrionia). Se tomaron muestras de tejido foliar de madres y sus progenies de 3 familias de polinizacion libre y 3 familias de lineas S1. Despues de extraer ADN, se amplificaron las regiones genomicas ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) mediante PCR y posteriormente se secuencio los fragmentos amplificados. La comparacion de las secuencias ITS dentro de cada familia mostro cierta similitud, pero no fueron identicas en las familias PL2, PL4, PL5 y S5. Sin embargo, en las familias S3 y S7 la comparacion entre la secuencia de la madre y su descendencia (S3m vs S3P22 y S7m vs S7P22) presento 100 % de similitud. La similitud encontrada entre las secuencias de ITS de plantas madre y descendientes PEm sugieren una probable relacion entre la poliembrionia y apomixis.
Correlation of Resting Heart Rate with Anthropometric factors and serum biomarkers in a 1 population-based study: Fasa PERSIAN Cohort study.

There is a positive association between raised resting heart rate (RHR), and all causes of mortality and 79 shorter life expectancy. Several serum biomarkers and some anthropometric factors can affect the resting 80 heart rate. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of resting heart rate in a large random sample 81 of the Iranian population. It is a standardized, retrospective study and the subjects were chosen from the baseline survey of the 84 Prospective Epidemiological Research Study in IrAN (PERSIAN) Fasa non-communicable disease cohort 85 study. It was conducted from winter 2014 to summer 2019 and after obtaining informed consent from a 86 random sample, all the eligible subjects were enrolled. All anthropometric factors and biologic laboratory 87 factors were collected and analyzed by implement smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) linear 88 regression and SCAD quantile regression. The comparisons between males and females were done via 89 independent T-test. Continuing the monitoring of this sample via our cohort study and put to action multinational prospective researches with large sample sizes and long follow-ups can lead to more precise results and better scientific judgments.
Secure the Clones * Static Enforcement of Policies for Secure Object Copying

Exchanging mutable data objects with untrusted code is a delicate matter because of the risk of creating a data space that is accessible by an attacker. Consequently, secure programming guidelines for Java stress the importance of using defensive copying before accepting or handing out references to an internal mutable object. However, implementation of a copy method (like clone()) is entirely left to the programmer. It may not provide a sufﬁciently deep copy of an object and is subject to overriding by a malicious sub-class. Currently no language-based mechanism supports secure object cloning. This paper proposes a type-based annotation system for deﬁning modular copy policies for class-based object-oriented programs. A copy policy speciﬁes the maximally allowed sharing between an object and its clone. We present a static enforcement mechanism that will guarantee that all classes fulﬁll their copy policy, even in the presence of overriding of copy methods, and establish the semantic correctness of the over-all approach in Coq. The mechanism has been implemented and experimentally evaluated on clone methods from several Java libraries.
Identi ﬁ cation of a plasma signature of psychotic disorder in children and adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort

The identi ﬁ cation of an early biomarker of psychotic disorder is important as early treatment is associated with improved patient outcome. Metabolomic and lipidomic approaches in combination with multivariate statistical analysis were applied to identify plasma alterations in children (age 11) (38 cases vs 67 controls) and adolescents (age 18) (36 cases vs 117 controls) preceeding or coincident with the development of psychotic disorder (PD) at age 18 in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Overall, 179 lipids were identi ﬁ ed at age 11, with 32 found to be signi ﬁ cantly altered between the control and PD groups. Following correction for multiple comparisons, 8 of these lipids remained signi ﬁ cant (lysophosphatidlycholines (LPCs) LPC(18:1), LPC(18:2), LPC(20:3); phosphatidlycholines (PCs) PC(32:2; PC(34:2), PC(36:4), PC(0-34-3) and sphingomyelin (SM) SM(d18:1/24:0)), all of which were elevated in the PD group. At age 18, 23 lipids were signi ﬁ cantly different between the control and PD groups, although none remained signi ﬁ cant following correction for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, the ﬁ ndings indicate that the lipidome is altered in the blood during childhood, long before the development of psychotic disorder. LPCs in particular are elevated in those who develop PD, indicating in ﬂ ammatory abnormalities and altered phospholipid metabolism. These ﬁ ndings were not found at age 18, suggesting there may be ongoing alterations in the pathophysiological processes from prodrome to onset of PD
Nitrate assimilation and regeneration in the Barents Sea: insights from nitrogen isotopes

Abstract. While the entire Arctic Ocean is warming rapidly, the Barents Sea in particular is experiencing significant warming and sea ice retreat. An increase in ocean heat transport from the Atlantic is causing the Barents Sea to be transformed from a cold, salinity stratified system into a warmer, less-stratified Atlantic-dominated climate regime. Productivity in the Barents Sea shelf is fuelled by waters of Atlantic origin (AW), which are ultimately exported to the Arctic basin. The consequences of this current regime shift on the nutrient characteristics of the Barents Sea are poorly defined. Here we use the stable isotopic ratios of nitrate (δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3), to determine the uptake and modification of AW nutrients in the Barents Sea. In summer months, phytoplankton consume nitrate, surface waters become nitrate depleted, and particulate nitrogen (δ15N-PN) reflects the AW nitrate source. The ammonification of organic matter in shallow sediments resupplies N to the water column through the season. Low δ18O-NO3 in the northern Barents Sea reveals that the nitrate in lower temperature Arctic Waters is > 80 % regenerated through seasonal nitrification. During on shelf nutrient uptake and regeneration, there is no significant change to δ15N-NO3 or N*, suggesting benthic denitrification does not impart an isotopic imprint on pelagic nitrate. Our results demonstrate that the Barents Sea is distinct from other Arctic shelves, where coupled partial nitrification-denitrification enriches δ15N-NO3 and decreases N*. Our results suggest that any current or future changes to productivity on the Barents Sea shelf are unlikely to alter the magnitude or isotopic signature of nutrient supply exported to the central Arctic basin. However, we suggest that the AW nutrient source ultimately determines Barents Sea productivity and changes to this supply may alter Barents Sea primary production and subsequent nutrient supply to the central Arctic Ocean.
Acid rain reduced in Eastern United States

Concentrations of sulfate (SO42-) and free hydrogen ions (H+) in precipitation decreased from 10% to 25% over a large area of the Eastern United States from 1995 through 1997 as compared to the previous 12-year (1983−1994) reference period. These decreases were unprecedented in magnitude and spatial extent. In contrast, nitrate (NO3-) concentrations generally did not change over this period. The largest decreases in both H+ and SO42- concentrations, which nearly mimicked one another, occurred in and downwind of the Ohio River Valley, the same area where Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) set limitations on sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from a large number of utility-owned coal-fired sources. Phase I of the CAAA required that these limitations be met by January 1, 1995. On the basis of our analysis of precipitation chemistry and emissions data, we conclude that significant declines in acid rain occurred in many parts of the Eastern United States from 1995 through 1997 because of large re.
Enhancing Social Sustainability through Education: Revisiting the Concept of Multicultural Education

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development holds that education is essential to achieving a sustainable future. Thus, many countries around the world have made multicultural education imperative. However, a pertinent question is how multicultural education should be understood and how inclusive teaching and learning approaches should be initiated and integrated within educational systems. In this chapter, I critically discuss the concept of multicultural education and explore how it may contribute to realising the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. First, I give an overview of the main characteristics and goals of multicultural education. Second, I discuss what I see as two major hindrances to realising a sustainable multicultural education: the lack of integrating issues of diversity into everyday school practices and the deficit discourse that still characterises contemporary educational debates on diversity.
Robust global trajectory tracking for a class of underactuated vehicles

In this paper, we tackle the problem of trajectory tracking for a particular class of underactuated vehicles with full torque actuation and a single force direction (thrust), which is ﬁxed relative to a body attached frame. Additionally, we consider that thrust reversal is not available. Under some given assumptions, the control law that we propose is able to track a smooth reference position trajectory while minimizing the angular distance to a desired orientation. This objective is achieved robustly, with respect to bounded state disturbances, and globally, in the sense that it is achieved regardless of the initial state of the vehicle. The proposed controller is tested in an experimental setup, using a small scale quadrotor vehicle and a VICON motion capture system.
Autonomous Ocean Measurements in the California Current Ecosystem

Event-scale phenomena, of limited temporal duration or restricted spatial extent, often play a disproportionately large role in ecological processes occurring in the ocean water column. Nutrient and gas fluxes, upwelling and downwelling, transport of biogeochemically important elements, predator-prey interactions, and other processes may be markedly influenced by such events, which are inadequately resolved from infrequent ship surveys. The advent of autonomous instrumentation, including underwater gliders, profiling floats, surface drifters, enhanced moorings, coastal high-frequency radars, and satellite remote sensing, now provides the capability to resolve such phenomena and assess their role in structuring pelagic ecosystems. These methods are especially valuable when integrated together, and with shipboard calibration measurements and experimental programs. © 2013 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved.
Explanatory latent variable modeling of mathematical ability in primary school : crossing the border between psychometrics and psychology

Individual differences in strategy use (choice and accuracy) were analyzed. A sample of 362 Grade 6 students solved complex division problems under two different conditions. In the choice condition they were allowed to use either a mental or a written strategy. In the subsequent no-choice condition, they were required to use a written strategy. Latent class analysis showed that there were 3 subgroups of students with respect to their pattern of strategy choices: primarily using a written strategy (more girls than boys); primarily using a mental strategy (more boys than girls); and using a written strategy on more difﬁcult items, but a mental strategy on the easier ones (almost no weak mathematical achievers). Strategy accuracies were analyzed with explanatory IRT modeling. A between-subjects comparison in the choice condition showed that written strategies were usually more accurate than mental strategies, especially for the weak achievers. A within-subject comparison showed that the performance of students who used mental calculation on a particular item in the choice condition, improved by requiring the use of a written strategy in the no-choice condition.
Global topography and bathymetry grid improves research efforts

Gridded data of topography and bathymetry of the Earth's surface have become widely available via the Internet, thanks to the efforts of multiple research groups, including, for example, the U.S. Geological Survey (http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/gtopo30/gtopo30.html), Smith and Sandwell [1997], and Jakobsson et al. [2000]. These data are of continually growing importance both for monitoring operations and for scientific research, as they are critical for the clear presentation of final results to end-users. Nevertheless, in general, for a given region of the world, there is a final step in assembling all the necessary sub-regions into a continuous grid that represents the area of interest. Also, one must account for the varying resolutions of the component data sets. These issues are surmountable, though painstaking.Three publicly available gridded data sets of topography and bathymetry have been combined to produce a single, integrated data set with no loss in resolution.The 3 data sets are the GTOPO30 data from the U.S. Geological Survey the Global Bathymetry data set from Smith and Sandwell [1997],and version 1.0 of the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) data set [Jakobsson et al., 2000]. Results are provided as eight GMT grid files covering −180° to +180° longitude and −90° to 90° latitude. To facilitate ease of use without loss of resolution, all data have been sampled and merged into identically registered 30-s grids. The actual resolutions of the topography and bathymetry data are roughly 30 arc s (0.66 km at 45° latitude) and 2 arc min (2.6 km at 45° latitude), respectively Results are made available free of charge via internet through the Geographic Information Network of Alaska (GINA). The Web address for this server is http://www.gina. alaska.edu/page.xml? group=data&page=griddata.