Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cesarean section indications and anthropometric parameters in Rwandan nulliparae: preliminary results from a longitudinal survey

Introduction Maternal anthropometric parameters as risk factors for cesarean section have always been a matter of interest and concern for obstetricians. Some of these parameters have been shown to be predictors of dystocia. This study aims at showing the relationship between cesarean section indications and anthropometric parameters sizes in Rwandan nulliparae for the purpose of comparison and appropriate recommendations. Methods A cross-sectional and analytical study was made on data collected from 32 operated patients among 152 nulliparae with singleton pregnancy at term and vertex presentation. Concerned anthropometric parameters were height, weight and six pelvic distances. Fisher exact and Student’s tests were used to compare observed proportions and mean values, respectively. Results Findings were as follows: 1) the overall cesarean section rate was 21.05%; 2) acute fetal distress (31.3 %), generally contracted pelvis (28.1 %), and engagement failure (25%) were the most frequent indications of cesarean section; 3) all patients ≤ 145 cm tall were operated on for general pelvis contraction whose proportion was significantly higher in them than in the others (p < 0.01); 4) more than half of pelvis contraction cases were observed in patients weighing ≤ 50 kg, but the difference with other weight categories was not significant; 5) considered external pelvic diameters but the Biiliac Diameter displayed average measurements smaller in clinically contracted pelvis than in other CS indications. Conclusion External pelvimetry associated with specific other anthropometric parameters could be helpful in the screening of generally contracted pelves, and consequently pregnancies at high risk of cephalopelvic disproportion in nulliparous women, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. Further investigations are requested to deal with this topic in depth.
Analytical power/timing optimization technique for digital system

A method for logic gate delay assignment is described which achieves power minimization of digital logic while satisfying system timing. The logic gates are described by a single design parameter macromodel. A Newton optimization scheme is employed using exact sparse updating. Systems consisting of up to 1200 digital logic gates have been optimized. A companion paper describes how a further optimization of the system is achieved if power-oriented placement improvement is included in the optimization procedure.
Business Designs for the New University.

Have you ever heard of a “business design”? I am thinking of the overall framework in which a business is formulated --its style, approach, and basic assumptions. Most businesses have research, development and marketing (RD&M) processes by which they invent and market new products and services. These processes are part of the company’s business design. What happens if the business design itself becomes obsolete? Would that render the RD&M processes incapable of keeping the firm competitive? Indeed, this happens frequently, sometimes spectacularly! The designs of IBM and Digital Equipment Corp. worked very well for many years until Microsoft introduced commodity software --and now Microsoft is being challenged by the business designs of Netscape and Sun’s Java. Maxwell House and Folgers coffees are now challenged by Starbucks. The Postal Service is challenged by FedEx and e-mail.
Effect of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor on Corneal Sensitivity after Laser In Situ Keratomileusis in Rabbit

Purpose To investigate the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on corneal sensitivity after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Methods New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. A hinged corneal flap (160-µm thick) was created with a microkeratome, and -3.0 diopter excimer laser ablation was performed. Expressions of MIF mRNA in the corneal epithelial cells and surrounding inflammatory cells were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at 48 hours after LASIK. After LASIK surgery, the rabbits were topically given either 1) a balanced salt solution (BSS), 2) MIF (100 ng/mL) alone, or 3) a combination of nerve growth factor (NGF, 100 ug/mL), neurotrophine-3 (NT-3, 100 ng/mL), interleukin-6 (IL-6, 5 ng/mL), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF, 5 ng/mL) four times a day for three days. Preoperative and postoperative corneal sensitivity at two weeks and at 10 weeks were assessed using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Results Expression of MIF mRNA was 2.5-fold upregulated in the corneal epithelium and 1.5-fold upregulated in the surrounding inflammatory cells as compared with the control eyes. Preoperative baseline corneal sensitivity was 40.56 ± 2.36 mm. At two weeks after LASIK, corneal sensitivity was 9.17 ± 5.57 mm in the BSS treated group, 21.92 ± 2.44 mm in the MIF treated group, and 22.42 ± 1.59 mm in the neuronal growth factors-treated group (MIF vs. BSS, p < 0.0001; neuronal growth factors vs. BSS, p < 0.0001; MIF vs. neuronal growth factors, p = 0.815). At 10 weeks after LASIK, corneal sensitivity was 15.00 ± 9.65, 35.00 ± 5.48, and 29.58 ± 4.31 mm respectively (MIF vs. BSS, p = 0.0001; neuronal growth factors vs. BSS, p = 0.002; MIF vs. neuronal growth factors, p = 0.192). Treatment with MIF alone could achieve as much of an effect on recovery of corneal sensation as treatment with combination of NGF, NT-3, IL-6, and LIF. Conclusions Topically administered MIF plays a significant role in the early recovery of corneal sensitivity after LASIK in the experimental animal model.
A Scale-Space Theory for Text

Scale-space theory has been established primarily by the computer vision and signal processing communities as a well-founded and promising framework for multi-scale processing of signals (e.g., images). By embedding an original signal into a family of gradually coarsen signals parameterized with a continuous scale parameter, it provides a formal framework to capture the structure of a signal at different scales in a consistent way. In this paper, we present a scale space theory for text by integrating semantic and spatial filters, and demonstrate how natural language documents can be understood, processed and analyzed at multiple resolutions, and how this scale-space representation can be used to facilitate a variety of NLP and text analysis tasks.
Statistical Mechanics of MAP Estimation: General Replica Ansatz

The large-system performance of maximum-a-poste-rior estimation is studied considering a general distortion function when the observation vector is received through a linear system with additive white Gaussian noise. The analysis considers the system matrix to be chosen from the large class of rotationally invariant random matrices. We take a statistical mechanical approach by introducing a spin glass corresponding to the estimator, and employing the replica method for the large-system analysis. In contrast to earlier replica based studies, our analysis evaluates the general replica ansatz of the corresponding spin glass and determines the asymptotic distortion of the estimator for any structure of the replica correlation matrix. Consequently, the replica symmetric as well as the replica symmetry breaking ansatz with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> steps of breaking is deduced from the given general replica ansatz. The generality of our distortion function lets us derive a more general form of the maximum-a-posterior decoupling principle. Based on the general replica ansatz, we show that for any structure of the replica correlation matrix, the vector-valued system decouples into a bank of equivalent decoupled scalar systems followed by maximum-a-posterior estimators. The structure of the decoupled system is further studied under both the replica symmetry and the replica symmetry breaking assumptions. For <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> steps of symmetry breaking, the decoupled system is found to be an additive system with a <italic>non-Gaussian</italic> noise term given as the sum of an independent Gaussian random variable with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> non-Gaussian impairment terms which depend on the input symbol. The general decoupling property of the maximum-a-posterior estimator leads to the idea of a replica simulator which represents the replica ansatz through the state evolution of a transition system described by its corresponding decoupled system. As an application of our study, we investigate large compressive sensing systems by considering the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norm minimization recovery schemes. Our numerical investigations show that the replica symmetric ansatz for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norm recovery fails to give an accurate approximation of the mean square error as the compression rate grows, and therefore, the replica symmetry breaking ansätze are needed in order to assess the performance precisely.
Does It Really Matter? Choosing a Bible Translation for Use in Schools

There are numerous versions of the Bible in print and e-copy, each of which has been thoughtfully translated by qualified persons using reliable source documents and reference works. Due to the complexities of translation and the backgrounds of readers, no single version ‘tells it all’. Each one, a product of the methods of its translators, and the readers targeted by its publisher, accomplishes some parts of the translation task, and meets some reader needs, better than others. Which Bible translation is best for your school or classroom, and how can you make use of digital versions of the Bible? This article will discuss these issues and help your school make a choice, informed by each school’s heritage and needs of its constituency. It also looks at the use of digital translations, and outlines the clear advantages and disadvantages of e-Bibles.
Careers In and Out of Organizations

Introduction to the Series Preface Acknowledgments PART I: CONTEMPORARY CAREERS 1. The Study of Careers The Changing Context of Careers Why Study Careers? What Is a Career? A Working Definition of Career Why Are Careers Important? Conclusion 2. The Protean Career Contract The Nature of a Psychological Contract The Nature of the New Contract Stages of Adaptation: Three Types of Companies Continuous Learning via Psychological Success Implications for Organizational Career Management Questions for Further Research Conclusion PART II. ELEMENTS OF THE CAREER 3. Career Choice and Decision Making Eras of Career Research Matching People and Occupations Process Models: How Are Career Choices Made? How People Choose Organizations Conclusion 4. Life, Career, and Learning Stages Are Career and Life Stages Still Relevant Today? Life Stages Schein's Model of the Organizational Career The Early Career Years: Becoming Established Midlife and Midcareer: Maintenance and Reexamination A New Stage Model for the Middle and Later Career Years and Beyond: Learning Cycles Later Career and Adjustment Into Retirement Summary of Developmental Needs in Early, Middle, and Late Career Research Issues Conclusion 5. Predicting Career Effectiveness: Performance What Is Career Effectiveness? Understanding How the Process of the Career Affects Performance Research Issues Conclusion 6. The Protean Career Identity and Attitudes Career Identity Career Attitudes Conclusion 7. Career Adaptability - R.F. Morrison & D.T. Hall Why Adaptability Is Critical to Contemporary Career Development Observing the Experience of Adaptability A General Model of Adaptability An Integrated Model of Adaptability Questions for Future Research Conclusion 8. Managing Protean Career and Life Roles Early Work: Interrole Analysis and Dual-Career Couples Protean Careers and Dual-Career Relationships Conclusion Appendix PART III: IMPLEMENTING CAREER CONCEPTS 9. Reflection: Self-Development for the Growth of Identity and Adaptability What is Reflection? Reflection: Stereotype Versus Reality How a CEO Reflects Relfection in the Heat of Battle Identity Growth Through Self-Reflection Steps for Leveraging Learning Through Reflection and Questions for Research Appendix 10. Toward More Strategic and Self-Directed Careers The Business Need for a Career Development Plan A Strategic Framework for Career Development Priorities and Recommendations: Seven Steps to Growth for Career Practice and Research Steps for Guiding the Protean Careerist: Questions for Career Self-Reflection or a Career Discussion 11. Looking Back at Careers in Organizations and Looking Ahead: Toward More Spiritual Careers Looking Back at Careers in Organizations: Then and Now and Beyond Conclusion References Index About the Author
Sharpness of some properties of Wiener amalgam and modulation spaces

We prove sharp estimates for the dilation operator $f(x)\longmapsto f(\lambda x)$, when acting on Wiener amalgam spaces $W(L^p,L^q)$. Scaling arguments are also used to prove the sharpness of the known convolution and pointwise relations for modulation spaces $M^{p,q}$, as well as the optimality of an estimate for the Schr\"odinger propagator on modulation spaces.
Identifying Injury-Inducing Factors in Baseball Pitchers

This paper aims to identify which metrics in baseball are meaningful in predicting whether a pitcher will get injured before a particular season. To do so, we define a cost function and build a framework that takes into account the asymmetric reward and cost associated with correctly (or incorrectly) predicting injuries. We then vary the sets of features on various machine learning techniques (i.e., SVM and Linear Regression) to test each model within our framework and compute a utility score for each model. Finally we use this utility score in conjunction with other standard feature filtering techniques such as PCA and mutual information analysis to determine which features provide the most useful information regarding whether a player will get injured in the context of a season.
UVB Irradiation Regulates ERK1/2- and p53-Dependent Thrombomodulin Expression in Human Keratinocytes

Thrombomodulin (TM) is highly expressed in endothelial cells and acts as a natural anticoagulation factor to maintain circulation homeostasis. TM is an interesting molecule with many physiological functions, including anti-inflammation, anti-thrombosis, and carcinogenesis inhibition. TM can also be detected on the spinous layer of epidermal keratinocytes. However, the role of epidermal TM is still under investigation. In this study, we investigated keratinocyte TM expression and regulation in response to sub-cytotoxic ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Oxidative stress was assessed with DCF and the results revealed that UVB irradiation significantly and dose-dependently augmented reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HaCaT cells. In addition, low-dose UVB irradiation decreased TM mRNA and protein levels. Blocking ROS production and ERK activation prevented UVB-induced TM down-regulation. The nuclear p53 accumulation and TM promoter binding was observed within 3 h after UVB exposure. Small interfering RNA-mediated p53 knockdown disrupted the UVB-mediated TM protein down-regulation. Our study demonstrates that UVB irradiation results in ROS accumulation and ERK activation, which causes the nuclear p53 accumulation and TM promoter binding to inhibit TM expression. This study provides novel evidence demonstrating that p53 serves as a key regulator of keratinocyte TM expression.
Representation and classification of facial expression in a modular computational model

Recognizing expressions is a key part of human social interaction; Processing of facial expression information is largely automatic in humans, but it is a non-trivial task for a computational system. The purpose of this work is to develop computational models capable of differentiating between a range of human facial expressions. Here we use two sets of images, namely: Angry and Neutral. Raw face images are examples of high dimensional data, so here we use some dimensionality reduction techniques: Principal Component Analysis and Curvilinear Component Analysis. We preprocess the images with a bank of Gabor filters, so that important features in the face images are identified. Subsequently the faces are classified using a Support Vector Machine. We also find the effect size of the pixels for the Angry and Neutral faces. We show that it is possible to differentiate faces with a neutral expression from those with an angry expression with high accuracy. Moreover we can achieve this with data that has been massively reduced in size: in the best case the original images are reduced to just 6 dimensions.
The Aurora Kinase in Trypanosoma brucei Plays Distinctive Roles in Metaphase-Anaphase Transition and Cytokinetic Initiation

Aurora B kinase is an essential regulator of chromosome segregation with the action well characterized in eukaryotes. It is also implicated in cytokinesis, but the detailed mechanism remains less clear, partly due to the difficulty in separating the latter from the former function in a growing cell. A chemical genetic approach with an inhibitor of the enzyme added to a synchronized cell population at different stages of the cell cycle would probably solve this problem. In the deeply branched parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, an Aurora B homolog, TbAUK1, was found to control both chromosome segregation and cytokinetic initiation by evidence from RNAi and dominant negative mutation. To clearly separate these two functions, VX-680, an inhibitor of TbAUK1, was added to a synchronized T. brucei procyclic cell population at different cell cycle stages. The unique trans-localization pattern of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), consisting of TbAUK1 and two novel proteins TbCPC1 and TbCPC2, was monitored during mitosis and cytokinesis by following the migration of the proteins tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescence protein in live cells with time-lapse video microscopy. Inhibition of TbAUK1 function in S-phase, prophase or metaphase invariably arrests the cells in the metaphase, suggesting an action of TbAUK1 in promoting metaphase-anaphase transition. TbAUK1 inhibition in anaphase does not affect mitotic exit, but prevents trans-localization of the CPC from the spindle midzone to the anterior tip of the new flagellum attachment zone for cytokinetic initiation. The CPC in the midzone is dispersed back to the two segregated nuclei, while cytokinesis is inhibited. In and beyond telophase, TbAUK1 inhibition has no effect on the progression of cytokinesis or the subsequent G1, S and G2 phases until a new metaphase is attained. There are thus two clearly distinct points of TbAUK1 action in T. brucei: the metaphase-anaphase transition and cytokinetic initiation. This is the first time to our knowledge that the dual functions of an Aurora B homolog is dissected and separated into two clearly distinct time frames in a cell cycle.
Privacy, self-disclosure, social support, and social network site use : research report of a three-year panel study

This research report presents data from a study conducted in Germany based on a 3-year panel design. From October 2009 to April 2012, five waves of data collection were established. N = 327 participants from a convenience sample gave answers to questions regarding media use, privacy behaviors, well-being, social support, authenticity, and specific online experiences with a particular emphasis on social network sites (SNSs). It was found that across the 3 years of the study, people increasingly gained online social capital, developed a greater need for privacy, started to disclose more personal information online, and continually spent more time on SNSs. At the same time, people's willingness to disclose information in offline settings as well as their risk assessment of SNSs significantly decreased over time. Furthermore, frequent users of SNSs had more online social capital than less frequent users, disclosed more personal information online, knew more ways to restrict the access to their profiles, and were more authentic in their online profiles. People who had a higher need for privacy were less satisfied with their lives, less authentic in both their personal relationships and their online profiles, and generally showed more negative effects on different psychological variables. Respondents who had more online social capital also reported having more general positive affect and more offline social support. In the research report, further results are reported: Each variable is presented both individually and in context with other measures. The study is the first longitudinal study on online privacy and as such the first to be able to report mutual causalities between online experiences and privacy behaviors.
STOCHASTIC PERISHABLE INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEMS IN SUPPLY CHAIN WITH PARTIAL BACKORDERS

This article analyzes a supply chain management system (SCM), with two echelons. We consider a perishable inventory with Poisson demand, exponential life time and positive lead time at distribution center (DC) and retailer. Partial backlogging at retailer node is assumed with limited quantity. (s, S) policy at retailer and (M-1, M) policy at DC are assumed to get a tractable analytic solution. Transient and steady state solutions are discussed. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed SCM model.
How Vegetation and Sediment Transport Feedbacks Drive Landscape Change in the Everglades and Wetlands Worldwide

Mechanisms reported to promote landscape self‐organization cannot explain vegetation patterning oriented parallel to flow. Recent catastrophic shifts in Everglades landscape pattern and ecological function highlight the need to understand the feedbacks governing these ecosystems. We modeled feedback between vegetation, hydrology, and sediment transport on the basis of a decade of experimentation. Results from more than 100 simulations showed that flows just sufficient to redistribute sediment from sparsely vegetated sloughs to dense ridges were needed for an equilibrium patterned landscape oriented parallel to flow. Surprisingly, although vegetation heterogeneity typically conveys resilience, in wetlands governed by flow/sediment feedbacks it indicates metastability, whereby the landscape is prone to catastrophic shifts. Substantial increases or decreases in flow relative to the equilibrium condition caused an expansion of emergent vegetation and loss of open‐water areas that was unlikely to revert upon restoration of the equilibrium hydrology. Understanding these feedbacks is critical in forecasting wetland responses to changing conditions and designing management strategies that optimize ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration or habitat provision. Our model and new sensitivity analysis techniques address these issues and make it newly apparent that simply returning flow to predrainage conditions in the Everglades may not be sufficient to restore historic landscape patterns and processes.