Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solution of Evolutionary Partial Differential Equations Using Adaptive Finite Differences with Pseudospectral Post-processing

A coordinate transformation approach is described that enables pseudospectral methods to be applied efficiently to unsteady differential problems with steep solutions. The work is an extension of a method presented by Mulholland, Huang, and Sloan for the adaptive pseudospectral solution of steady problems. A coarse grid is generated by a moving mesh finite difference method that is based on equidistribution, and this grid is used to construct a time-dependent coordinate transformation. A sequence of spatial transformations may be generated at discrete points in time, or a single transformation may be generated as a continuous function of space and time. The differential problem is transformed by the coordinate transformation and then solved using a method that combines pseudospectral discretisation in space with a suitable integrator in time. Numerical results are presented for unsteady problems in one space dimension.
When Narcissus Became a CEO: CEO Narcissism and Its Effect on Earnings Management

This study examines the role of CEO narcissism to earnings management. Samples are non-financial companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Three indicators are used to reflect the CEO's narcissistic nature: CEO photograph, CEO publicity, and CEO's social media. Overall, the principal component analysis of the narcissism variable is not able to explain earnings management. After splitting the indicators, the results show empirical evidence that CEO publicity affects earnings management. This study also documented that CEO publicity stimulates earnings management for firms with more profitability. These findings contribute to earnings management literature by providing evidence that profitability positively affects earnings management, especially for firms with higher CEO narcissism measured by CEO publicity.
Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Water Hyacinth with Different Volatile Solid Levels for Biogas Production – A Mesocosm Experiment

Water hyacinth (WH) biomass is one of the popular materials in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, a potential substrate for biogas production. The effectiveness of utilizing WH for producing biogas under anaerobic digestion was demonstrated in the previous studies, but the research was focused on the loading rate of about 1.0% volatile solid (VS). Therefore, in the present study, a semi-continuous anaerobic digestion experiment was conducted with the five levels of VS, including 1.0%VS, 1.5%VS, 2.0%VS, 2.5%VS, and 3.0%VS, to examine how loaded VS can affect biogas production. Each treatment was designed with three replications over 60 days. The measured parameters included pH, temperature (Temp; ° C), redox potential (Eh; mV), daily produced biogas volume (L), cumulative biogas volume (L), and methane (CH 4 ) concentration (%) during the 60 days of the experiment. The obtained results showed that pH, tempt, and Eh parameters did not negatively affect biogas production. However, the volume of daily biogas in the treatment of 3.0%VS was higher than in other treatments. In addition, the cumulative biogas volume in the treatment of 3.0%VS was the highest and significantly different between all reactors ( p <0.05). Meanwhile, the treatment of 1.0%VS was known with the lowest values. The study explored that the volume of biogas could be increased when the organic loading rate VS is increased.
Investigating the Effect of Temperature History on Crystal Morphology of Thermoplastic Composites Using In Situ Polarized Light Microscopy and Probabilistic Machine Learning

Processing parameters including temperature history affect the morphology of semicrystalline thermoplastic composites, and in turn their performance. In addition, the competition between spherulite growth in resin-rich areas, and transcrystallinity growth from fiber surfaces, determines the final morphology. In this study, growth of crystals in low volume fraction PEEK-carbon fiber composites was studied in situ, using a polarized microscope equipped with a heating and cooling controlled stage and a probabilistic machine learning approach, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). GPR showed that for spherulites, growth kinetics follows the established Lauritzen-Hoffman equation, while transcrystallinity growth deviates from the theory. Combined GPR model and Lauritzen-Hoffman equation were used to deconvolute the underlying competition between diffusion and secondary nucleation at growth front of spherulites and transcrystalline regions.
Nutritional evaluation of some Indian tree leaves and herbs as fodder and defaunating agent in sheep

Nutritional evaluation as a fodder and defaunating agent of four multipurpose tree leaves namely Ficus religiosa (Pipal), Ficus bengalensis (Bargad), Mangifera indica (Mango), Enterolobium timoba (Jungle jalebi) and two herbs namely Agave americana (Ramkanta) and Plantago major (Isafghol) was done in vitro. The mean content of OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin of these tree leaves and herbs were 88.6, 12.6, 2.4, 46.2, 33.5, 25.8 and 7.3% on DM basis, respectively. Enterolobium timoba leaves contained highest amount of CP (22.5%) while highest amount of ADF and lignin content was observed in Ficus bengalensis (41.1% / 12.1%) leaves. Total rumen protozoa as well as Holotrich and spirotrich protozoa number became zero due to inclusion of Agave americana and Enterolobium timoba leaves in the incubation media. Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and propionate production was higher where as NH3â€“N production was lower due to addition of Agave americana leaves in the incubation media. Highest IVTDMD and IVTOMD (61.4% / 64.1%) were observed for the Agave americana followed by Enterolobium timoba (59.8% / 62.5%) and Plantago major (57.5% / 59.2%) leaves. Activity of polysaccharide degrading enzymes like carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase improved due to addition of Agave americana and Enterolobium timoba leaves in the incubation media. However, activity of Î²-glucosidase enzyme was similar among all the tested tree leaves and herbs. As a defaunating agent (removal of rumen protozoa / anti ciliate protozoal activity), Agave americana leaves were more effective in comparison to Plantage major leaves. The results indicated that among the tested tree leaves and herbs, Agave americana, Enterolobium timoba and Plantago major were good tree fodder for feeding to the animals and leaves of Agave americana and Enterolobium timoba could be used as defaunating agent for reducing rumen protozoal population to improve animal productivity.
Multiparameter Univariate Bayesian Analysis

Abstract Bayesian analysis using Monte Carlo integration is a powerful method for univariate inference. This approach makes possible multiparameter flexibility within families of univariate distributions. These distributions are defined in this article by increasing spline functions superimposed on probability paper coordinate systems. Smoothing is controlled by the prior distribution. The prior distribution also can express uncertainties about the form of the tails when extrapolation beyond the range of the data is required. The handling of difficult forms of data (e.g., quantal response data) is straightforward. Posterior distributions for functions of the parameters can be easily computed.
Numerical micromagnetic techniques and their applications to magnetic force microscopy calculations

Numerical micromagnetics is a flexible and powerful means of designing and characterizing magnetic devices. An overview of numerical methods of solution of micromagnetics problems is presented. The modelling of exchange, anisotropy and magnetostatic interaction fields in magnetic films and micromagnetic modeling of magnetic force microscopy are discussed. >
Analysis of PV Module Power Loss and Cell Crack Effects Due to Accelerated Aging Tests and Field Exposure

This study compared module power loss for 36 modules that endured various accelerated aging test sequences before installation outdoors on a 10-kWp array in Birmingham, AL, USA for 1.72 to 2.72 years. Twelve modules endured standard IEC 61215 aging tests and 24 endured Qualification Plus (Qual Plus). Modules in each group were further split into two test sequences with different exposures. Electrical parameter variations were analyzed as a function of aging test and field exposure history. Fill factor loss was determined to be the cause of observed decreases in power output during accelerated aging tests, while decreases in both open circuit voltage and fill factor dominated the power loss during subsequent on-sun testing. Quantified cell crack features were extracted via computer vision tools from electroluminescence images and correlated with power loss. Results illustrate that standard aging tests led to negligible cracks, while Qual Plus test sequences yielded more severe cracks. While correlating results from qualification tests with in-field performance degradation parameters remains a challenge, this study provides new insights on specific environmental stressors and crack features that may play a role in power loss. Insights on accelerated aging protocols are discussed.
The Interstellar Medium in the Line of Sight to X Persei and 3U 0352 + 30

The X-ray absorption column of 3U 0352+30 obtained with the Copernicus X-ray telescopes is compared with the atomic and molecular hydrogen column densities in the line of sight to X Per, as measured with the Copernicus ultraviolet telescopes, and with the visible reddening of X Per, by means of reddening/X-ray absorption-column relationships. The results are consistent with both the star and X-ray source being equidistant. When comparing X-ray absorbing column densities with those derived by other means, it is necessary to include the effects of molecular hydrogen in the line of sight to X Per and, in particular, the related number of medium-weight elements. It is suggested that failure to do this in previous work may account for reported discrepancies between the X-ray and radio column densities to the Crab Nebula and other sources. The far-ultraviolet extinction curve of X Per is presented.
Slit spectroscopy of nine new $\vec{z > 3}$ southern QSOs: Damped Ly$\alpha$ and Lyman-limit systems

We present $FWHM = 5$ to 8 A optical spectra of nine previously unknown quasars (QSOs) drawn from the Calan/Tololo Survey. We have chosen this sample based on QSO redshift, $z> 3$, and the presence of either candidate damped Ly α (DLA) or Lyman-limit (LL) systems in their spectra. The spectra show at least 9 DLA systems at redshifts $2.25 α absorption line, by the presence of Ly β and low-ionization metal lines at the same redshift, and -in most cases -by the observed Lyman-break. We thus provide the astronomical community with new interesting targets for high resolution spectroscopy on large telescopes. We describe all the spectra with emphasis on the most outstanding DLA and LL systems found.
Diode pumped alkali vapor lasers for high power applications

General Atomics has been engaged in the development of diode pumped alkali vapor lasers. We have been examining the design space looking for designs that are both efficient and easily scalable to high powers. Computationally, we have looked at the effect of pump bandwidth on laser performance. We have also looked at different lasing species. We have used an alexandrite laser to study the relative merits of different designs. We report on the results of our experimental and computational studies.
Coupled Rotational-Vibrational Relaxation of Molecular Hydrogen at High Temperatures

The internal energy relaxation processes of molecular hydrogen in the temperature range of 1000-50,000 K are investigated by integrating the master equation considering all of the rotational and the vibrational energy levels simultaneously. The state-to-state and the state-specific dissociation rate coefficients used in the calculation are determined by a quasi-classical-trajectory analysis. The obtained rates are validated against the existing experimental data. Recombination rate coefficients for bulk gas are also calculated from the detailed rates and compared with the existing studies. From the calculated evolutions of energies in the rotational and the vibrational modes, the relaxation times of these two modes for the Landau-Teller equation are derived. The obtained relaxation times agree fairly well with the existing experimental data for the temperatures up to 1000 K for the rotational relaxation and up to 3000 K for the vibrational relaxation. It was revealed that these two energy modes are strongly coupled at high temperatures. The effective collision numbers required for equilibration of the two modes are found to vary from 6 to 600. The approximate expressions describing energy relaxation of the coupled ro-vibrational mode are derived for temperatures from 5000 to 50,000 K.
Analysis of the Rayleigh pulse

Seismologists make frequent use of wavelets (also referred to as signals, signatures, or pulses), particularly in such fields as seismic filtering, wavelet processing, wave‐propagation modeling, and trace inversion. Whenever possible, the actual seismic wavelet of the real source should be considered (Hosken, 1988). However, frequently, particularly in wave‐propagation modeling, one must consider a synthetic source wavelet. This should, if possible, be given by a simple mathematical formula and possess an easy description for its most important spectral properties (e.g., amplitude and phase spectrum, main frequency, Hilbert transform, etc.). Moreover, the mathematical expression should be such that with a minimum number of parameters a large flexibility in the form of the wavelet can be obtained.
Epidemiology of Non-SARS-CoV2 Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) in People Presenting with Influenza-like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) in Senegal from 2012 to 2020

In addition to emerging coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), there are seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs): HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1. With a wide distribution around the world, HCoVs are usually associated with mild respiratory disease. In the elderly, young children and immunocompromised patients, more severe or even fatal respiratory infections may be observed. In Africa, data on seasonal HCoV are scarce. This retrospective study investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of seasonal HCoVs during nine consecutive years of influenza-like illness surveillance in Senegal. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from ILI outpatients or from SARI hospitalized patients. HCoVs were diagnosed by qRT-PCR and the positive samples were selected for molecular characterization. Among 9337 samples tested for HCoV, 406 (4.3%) were positive: 235 (57.9%) OC43, 102 (25.1%) NL63, 58 (14.3%) 229E and 17 (4.2%) HKU1. The four types circulated during the study period and a peak was noted between November and January. Children under five were the most affected. Co-infections were observed between HCoV types (1.2%) or with other viruses (76.1%). Genetically, HCoVs types showed diversity. The results highlighted that the impact of HCoVs must be taken into account in public health; monitoring them is therefore particularly necessary both in the most sensitive populations and in animals.
Altered phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of FOXP3+CD3+CD56+ natural killer T (NKT)-like cells in human malignant pleural effusion

ABSTRACT Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a functional ‘cold’ tumor microenvironment in which the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells is suppressed and the function of regulatory T (Treg) cells is enhanced. Using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining, we detected a distinct subset of NKT-like cells expressing FOXP3 in MPE. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, we found that the glycolysis pathway and pyruvate metabolism were highly activated in FOXP3+ NKT-like cells. Similar to Treg cells, FOXP3+ NKT-like cells highly expressed monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and lactate dehydrogenase B to uptake and utilize lactate, thereby maintaining their immunosuppressive function and hyperlactylation in MPE. Furthermore, we found that MCT1 small molecule inhibitor 7ACC2 significantly reduced FOXP3 expression and histone lactylation levels in NKT-like cells in vitro. In conclusion, we reveal for the first time the altered phenotypic and metabolic features of FOXP3+ NKT-like cells in human MPE. Graphical Abstract
The Whitney technique for Poincaré complex embeddings

The following result is proved. THEOREM. Let f: Kk --XI, be a map of a finite connected k-dimensional Poincare conmplex K to a finite simply-connected n-dimensional Poincare complex X, then if n>2k+ 1, k>2, f/is homotopic to an embedding. The proof involves a technique akin to the Whitney procedure for eliminating double points. The object of this note is to prove the following result. THEOREM 1. Let f: Kk-->X" be a map between a finite connected kdimensional Poincare' complex K and a simply-connected finite n-dimensional Poincare complex X, then if n > 2k + 1 and k>2, f is homotopic to an embedding. This improves the result of Levitt [3] by one dimension but at the cost of requiring X to be simply-connected. The method of proof is to follow Levitt's construction, introducing a 'singularity' in K to kill the obstruction to engulfing. Then by a Whitney process we can remove the singularity. 1. Construction of the stable model. Theorem I is a corollary of the following result. LEMMA 2. Let (X2n+-', y22) be a finite Poincarei pair of dimension 2n+1, IIith ir1( Y)=O, then any mapf: (DI, S"t-1)*(X, Y) is homotopic to an embeddling. This gives Theorem 1, by embedding the (n 1)-skeleton of K in X using Levitt's theorem [3]; then by Wall [4] we have only the top cell left to embed. We note also that Levitt's theoremn allows us to assume that f |ST-1 is an embedding. The proof of Lemma 2 is modelled on that of Lemmna 5.1 in [3], since modifications are required at several points we recapitulate in some detail. Received by the editors March 12, 1971 and, in revised form, November 15, 1971. AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary 57B1O.
Quantum computers: Definition and implementations

The DiVincenzo criteria for implementing a quantum computer have been seminal in focusing both experimental and theoretical research in quantum-information processing. These criteria were formulated specifically for the circuit model of quantum computing. However, several new models for quantum computing (paradigms) have been proposed that do not seem to fit the criteria well. Therefore, the question is what are the general criteria for implementing quantum computers. To this end, a formal operational definition of a quantum computer is introduced. It is then shown that, according to this definition, a device is a quantum computer if it obeys the following criteria: Any quantum computer must consist of a quantum memory, with an additional structure that (1) facilitates a controlled quantum evolution of the quantum memory; (2) includes a method for information theoretic cooling of the memory; and (3) provides a readout mechanism for subsets of the quantum memory. The criteria are met when the device is scalable and operates fault tolerantly. We discuss various existing quantum computing paradigms and how they fit within this framework. Finally, we present a decision tree for selecting an avenue toward building a quantum computer. This is intended to help experimentalists determine the most natural paradigmmore » given a particular physical implementation. « less
Evolution of the 2002/03 El Niño*

An El Nino of moderate intensity developed in the tropical Pacific in 2002/03. This event, though not as strong as the 1997/98 El Nino, had significant impacts on patterns of weather variability worldwide. The evolution of the 2002/03 El Nino is documented through comprehensive satellite and in situ observations from the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Observing System. These observations underscore the importance of both episodic atmospheric forcing and large-scale low-frequency ocean–atmosphere interactions in the development of the event.
Image Feature Matching Based on SIFT Algorithm

In the process of image matching, it is involved such as image rotation, scale zooming, brightness change and other problems. In order to improve the precision of image matching, image matching algorithm based on SIFT feature point is proposed. First, the method of generating scale space is introduced. Then, the scale and position of feature points are determined through three dimension quadratic function and feature vectors are determined through gradient distribution characteristic of neighborhood pixels of feature points. Finally, feature matching is completed based on the Euclidean distance. The experiment result indicates that using SIFT feature point can achieve image matching effectively.
Exciton radiative lifetime in ZnO nanorods fabricated by vapor phase transport method

The exciton radiative lifetime in ZnO nanorods is studied. It is found that the exciton radiative lifetime increases with temperature as T2. Furthermore, the spectral linewidth of the photoluminescence of the ZnO nanorods also increases with temperature as T2, suggesting a linear dependence of exciton radiative lifetime on the spectral linewidth. The physics behind is that the oscillator strength of excitons at k=0 is shared equally among all the states within the spectral linewidth and the coherence extension of an exciton decreases with temperature due to the scattering by phonons, defects, or impurities.
Improvement of the Dynamic Quality of Cantilever Boring Bars for Fine Boring

The paper presents ways to reduce the vibrations of special cantilever boring bars mounted on spindle heads of finishing and boring machines. Special cantilever boring bars are designed for machining holes in non-standard conditions, for example, when boring deep holes with l/d>3 (l–hole length, d-hole diameter) or holes with a discontinuous surface. The results of the experiments and theoretical developments, as well as the schemes of the experimental stands, are presented. The investigated methods for reducing fluctuations are the following: the use of a dynamic damper with intermittent cutting elements; the suppression of the normal vibrations of the cutter to the workpiece surface due to the excitation of vibrations directed tangentially to the workpiece surface and not causing processing errors; increased damping in the cutting zone when changing the design of the boring bar. The tuning parameters of the dynamic damper, the logarithmic decrement of vibrations, as well as the conditions for effective damping of vibrations during the interaction of their two coupled forms are given. The results are shown in the tables and graphs.