Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING A PERSISTING INFECTION OF HELA CELLS WITH POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS

A culture of HeLa cells has been subjected to prolonged observation with the finding that periodically Type III poliomyelitis virus could be isolated from it. A requirement of the culture for survival was the presence in it of serum of certain individuals who had had previous experience with poliomyelitis virus. In the presence of serum containing no antibodies to poliomyelitis virus, the culture demonstrated spontaneous cytopathology. From certain series of passages virus could be isolated while attempts were unsuccessful from others also showing cellular disintegration. The conclusion is reached that the virus does not persist in the culture always in a state exhibiting the infectious property, rather what persists is the potentiality of the culture to give rise to fully active virus. The immune serum could inhibit the cytopathogenic effect of the virus without eliminating the infection.
Time-variant channel estimation using discrete prolate spheroidal sequences

We propose and analyze a low-complexity channel estimator for a multiuser multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) downlink in a time-variant frequency-selective channel. MC-CDMA is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The time-variant channel is estimated individually for every flat-fading subcarrier, assuming small intercarrier interference. The temporal variation of every subcarrier over the duration of a data block is upper bounded by the Doppler bandwidth determined by the maximum velocity of the users. Slepian showed that time-limited snapshots of bandlimited sequences span a low-dimensional subspace. This subspace is also spanned by discrete prolate spheroidal (DPS) sequences. We expand the time-variant subcarrier coefficients in terms of orthogonal DPS sequences we call Slepian basis expansion. This enables a time-variant channel description that avoids the frequency leakage effect of the Fourier basis expansion. The square bias of the Slepian basis expansion per subcarrier is three magnitudes smaller than the square bias of the Fourier basis expansion. We show simulation results for a fully loaded MC-CDMA downlink with classic linear minimum mean square error multiuser detection. The users are moving with 19.4 m/s. Using the Slepian basis expansion channel estimator and a pilot ratio of only 2%, we achieve a bit error rate performance as with perfect channel knowledge.
Recurrent Spiking Neural Networks the Third Generation in Identification of Systems

In this paper the modified identification method for nonlinear systems is proposed based on Recurrent Spiking Neural Networks (RSNN). Spike Response Model (SRM) has been employed in the modification method. The learning of the parameters of RSNN is based on modified backpropagation algorithm which is known as SpikeProp. In the identification of a variety of types of nonlinear systems, a coding equation is applied to convert real numbers into spike times. The RSNN structure is tested for the identification of the nonlinear systems. The simulation results show that the proposed modification method provides a good performance in terms of execution time and minimizing error in the training phase.
Biological effects of pulsating magnetic fields: role of solitons

In this paper, we analyze biological effects produced by magnetic fields in order to elucidate the physical mechanisms, which can produce them. We show that there is a chierarchy of such mechanisms and that the mutual interplay between them can result in the synergetic outcome. In particular, we analyze the biological effects of magnetic fields on soliton mediated charge transport in the redox processes in living organisms. Such solitons are described by nonlinear systems of equations and represent electrons that are self-trapped in alpha-helical polypeptides due to the moderately strong electron-lattice interaction. They represent a particular type of disssipativeless large polarons in low-dimensional systems. We show that the effective mass of solitons in the is different from the mass of free electrons, and that there is a resonant effect of the magnetic fields on the dynamics of solitons, and, hence, on charge transport that accompanies photosynthesis and respiration. These effects can result in non-thermal resonant effects of magnetic fields on redox processes in particular, and on the metabolism of the organism in general. This can explain physical mechanisms of therapies based on applying magnetic fields.
SOME SIMILARITY SOLUTIONS OF THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS AND RELATED TOPICS

We consider a semilinear equation arising from the Navier- Stokes equations – the governing equations of viscous fluid motion – and related model equations. The solutions of the semilinear equation represent a certain class of exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. Both the equation and our models have nonlocal terms. We will show that the nonlocality will play an intriguing role for the blow-up and/or global existence of the solutions and that the convection term, which is often neglected in the study of the blow-up problems, plays a very decisive role. In addition to our new contributions, open problems and known facts are surveyed.
Snooze: A Scalable, Fault-Tolerant and Distributed Consolidation Manager for Large-Scale Clusters

Intelligent workload consolidation and dynamic cluster adaptation offer a great opportunity for energy savings in current large-scale clusters. Because of the heterogeneous nature of these environments, scalable, fault-tolerant and distributed consolidation managers are necessary in order to efficiently manage their workload and thus conserve energy and reduce the operating costs. However, most of the consolidation managers available nowadays do not fulfill these requirements. Hence, they are mostly centralized and solely designed to be operated in virtualized environments. In this work, we present the architecture of a novel scalable, fault-tolerant and distributed consolidation manager called Snooze that is able to dynamically consolidate the workload of a software and hardware heterogeneous large-scale cluster composed out of resources using the virtualization and Single System Image (SSI)technologies. Therefore, a common cluster monitoring and management API is introduced, which provides a uniform and transparent access to the features of the underlying platforms. Our architecture is open to support any future technologies and can be easily extended with monitoring metrics and algorithms. Finally, a comprehensive use case study demonstrates the feasibility of our approach to manage the energy consumption of a large-scale cluster.
A Distributed Framework for Passive Worm Detection and Throttling in P2P Networks

We analyse different worm and patch propagation models along with the ones we have developed and evaluated as a part of our ongoing passive P2P worm & patch modelling project. This is followed by a brief discussion on worm detection mechanisms proposed by various authors. Towards the very end of this article, we propose a distributed framework for passive worm throttling in P2P networks and discuss its feasibility and efficiency keeping in view different design considerations.
Performance of all-optical networks with limited-range wavelength conversion

Previous works have shown that wavelength conversion can considerably improve the performance in all-optical networks. However, it is an unrealistic assumption under the current technology and wavelength conversion with a limited range, not a full range, is more promising. In this paper, we propose a new analytic approach for such networks by virtue of the layered-graph where each wavelength is virtually assigned a separate link. Our analytic approach can allow a flexible routing method. For example, wavelength assignment and routing selection can be considered at the same time, which has never been treated in the past literature.
Atypical Presentation of PKDL due to Leishmania infantum in an HIV-Infected Patient with Relapsing Visceral Leishmaniasis

We describe the case of an Italian patient with HIV infection who developed an atypical rash resembling post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) when receiving liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AMB) for secondary prophylaxis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). At the time of PKDL appearance, the patient was virologically suppressed but had failed to restore an adequate CD4+ T-cell count. Histology of skin lesions revealed the presence of a granulomatous infiltrate, with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages, most of which contained Leishmania amastigotes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction was positive for Leishmania infantum. Paradoxically, cutaneous lesions markedly improved when a new relapse of VL occurred. The patient received meglumine antimoniate, with a rapid clinical response and complete disappearance of cutaneous rash. Unfortunately, the patient had several relapses of VL over the following years, though the interval between them has become wider after restarting maintenance therapy with L-AMB 4 mg/kg/day once a month. Even if rare, PKDL due to Leishmania infantum may occur in Western countries and represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians. The therapeutic management of both PKDL and VL in HIV infection is challenging, because relapses are frequent and evidence is often limited to small case series and case reports.
2D Object Abstraction: The Automatic Generation of Hierarchical

This thesis presents an exploratory framework for automatically generating hierarchical object representations specialized for geometric tasks. The approach consists of two subprocesses: the first extracts geometric information from the input object, and the second generates a specialized representation based on this information. The first subprocess produces a multi-resolution representation that encapsulates the salient geometric features of an object, as well as its topological decomposition into parts. The representation is generated is built. Its main components are a Cell-Based Spatial Representation (CSR) that provides spatial filtering at the desired feature resolution, and an Axial Shape Graph (ASG) that captures local shape information as well as global information about the overall geometric structure of the object. The CSR and ASG components are calculated at multiple resolutions and linked together to form the G-Rep hierarchy. In the second step, the Axial Shape Graph is decomposed into a tree representing the overall shape structure of the object as a hierarchy of subcomponents. Using the Axial Shape Graph, the task of shape decomposition is reduced to a graph partitioning problem whose solution results in a well-balanced part hierarchy. The second subprocess constructs a hierarchy of task-specific representations utilizing the geometric information provided by the G-Rep. The entire representation generation framework is driven by metrics that quantify the desirable characteristics of representations for the particular task. We show that this structure can be utilized to generate representations specialized for the task of Collision Detection in 2D environments.
Building Free Binary Decision Diagrams Using SAT Solvers

Free Binary Decision Diagrams (FBDDs) are a data structure for the representation of Boolean functions. In contrast to Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs) FBDDs allow different variable orderings along each path. Thus, FBDDs are the more compact representation while most of the properties of OBDDs are kept. However, how to efficiently build small FBDDs for a given function is still an open question. In this work we propose FBDD construction with the help of SAT solvers. "Recording" the single steps of a SAT solver during the search process leads to an FBDD. Furthermore, by exploiting approaches for identifying isomorphic sub-graphs, i.e. cutlines or cutsets reduced FBDDs are constructed.
Low Power Design of USB Microwave Power Sensor

This paper analyzes the low power design features of USB-based measurement instrument. The theoretical analysis of power dissipation was first introduced. Then the normal issues of power limitation for a USB device were fully proposed. After the basic principles of low power design were discussed in great detail, the actual solutions for low power design of USB sensor were fully put forward. The emphasis of low power design and implementation was put on component selection, circuit arrangement, chip configuration and software design. All these attempts make it is possible that the USB microwave power sensor only has a power consumption of 1.8W, which is lower than the normal USB power supply capacity of 2.5W.
Paper Series in Economics The Value of Non-Binding Announcements in Public Goods Experiments . Some Theory and Experimental Evidence

In this paper we present three simple theoretical models to explain the influence of the possibility to make non-binding announcements on future investment behaviour in public good settings. Our models build on the idea that voluntary contributions to the supply of a public good might be motivated by some form of joy of giving. We show that the possibility to make non-binding announcements has a positive effect on cooperative behaviour, especially if individual announcements and factual investments are communicated to the players after each round. We also show that this result holds true even though the players have an incentive to overstate their true degrees of cooperativeness. Altogether, our theoretical considerations point in the direction that revealing as much information on individual intentions and factual behaviour as possible enhances cooperative behaviour. These conclusions are broadly confirmed by the results of a series of classroom experiments we present. JEL-Classification: C92, D74, H41
Transfer textures and colors to low light level images

In this paper, we propose a method for texture and color enhancement of low light level (LLL) night vision images. We design a texture database in accordance with the features of LLL images based on mean shift smoothing and luminance transformation. Each pixel in an LLL image is classified using this texture database. After the classification, we use a novel texture and color overprint method to assign consistent textures and colors to the LLL image. That is, we replace the pixels of each class in the LLL image by the pixels in another high-resolution color image. The proposed method is simple and it does not require any color space transformation. It overcomes the achromatic, low resolution, low contrast and lack of fine textures problem of the LLL night vision images and improves the situational awareness of night vision images.
Classifying Computer Session Data Using Self-Organizing Maps

We propose an advanced solution to track persistent computer intruders inside a UNIX-based system by clustering sessions into groups bearing similar characteristics according to expertise and type of work. Our semi-supervised method based on Self- Organizing Map (SOM) accomplishes classification of four types of users: computer scientists, experience programmers, non-programmers, and novice programmers. Our evaluation on a range of biometrics shows that using working directories yields better accuracy (≫98.5%) than using most popular parameters like command use or keystroke patterns.
Re-thinking miRNA-mRNA interactions: Intertwining issues confound target discovery

Despite a library full of literature on miRNA biology, core issues relating to miRNA target detection, biological effect, and mode of action remain controversial. This essay proposes that the predominant mechanism of direct miRNA action is translational inhibition, whereas the bulk of miRNA effects are mRNA based. It explores several issues confounding miRNA target detection, and discusses their impact on the dominance of “miRNA seed” dogma and the exploration of non-canonical binding sites. Finally, it makes comparisons between miRNA target prediction and transcription factor binding prediction, and questions the value of characterizing miRNA binding sites based on which miRNA nucleotides are paired with an mRNA.
Transcriptome reveals the overexpression of a kallikrein gene cluster (KLK1/3/7/8/12) in the Tibetans with high altitude-associated polycythemia

High altitude-associated polycythemia (HAPC) is a very common disease. However, it the disease is still unmanageable and the related molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of HAPC using transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome analysis was conducted in 3 pairs of gastric mucosa tissues from patients with HAPC and healthy residents at a similar altitude. Endoscopy and histopathological analyses were used to examine the injury to gastric tissues. Molecular remodeling was performed for the interaction between different KLK members and cholesterol. HAPC was found to lead to morphological changes and pathological damage to the gastric mucosa of patients. A total of 10,304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these genes, 4,941 DEGs were upregulated, while 5,363 DEGs were downregulated in the patients with HAPC (fold change ≥2, P<0.01 and FDR <0.01). In particular, the kallikrein gene cluster (KLK1/3/7/8/12) was upregulated >17-fold. All the members had high-score binding cholesterol, particularly for the polymers of KLK7. The kallikrein gene cluster (KLK1/3/7/8/12) is on chromosome 19q13.3–13.4. The elevated levels of KLK1, KLK3, KLK7, KLK8 and KLK12 may be closely associated with the hypertension, inflammation, obesity and other gastric injuries associated with polycythemia. The interaction of KLKs and cholesterol maybe play an important role in the development of hypertension. The findings of the present study revealed that HAPC induces gastric injury by upregulating the kallikrein gene cluster (KLK1/3/7/8/12), which can bind cholesterol and result in kallikrein hypertension. These findings provide some basic information for understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for HAPC and HAPC-related diseases.
The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Regulates Parochial Altruism in Intergroup Conflict Among Humans

Oxytocin and Intergroup Conflict Human society is organized into groups, such as those based on nationality or religion, which can lead to intergroup conflicts, with sometimes devastating consequences. Intergroup conflict engages a human behavior termed parochial altruism: For example, a soldier who fights against the enemy at risk to themselves to protect their country is a parochial altruist. De Dreu et al. (p. 1408; see the cover; see the News story by Miller) have discovered a role for oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, in regulating parochial altruism during human intergroup competition and conflict. Oxytocin is already known to play a role in trusting behavior, and naturally occurring genetic variants of the oxytocin receptor exist within the human population. Administration of oxytocin modulated defense-related aggression toward competing groups, but did not affect unprovoked, hateful behavior. Thus, there may be a neurobiological basis for intergroup conflict in humans. A hypothalamic hormone modulates bonding within a group and defense-related aggression between competing groups. Humans regulate intergroup conflict through parochial altruism; they self-sacrifice to contribute to in-group welfare and to aggress against competing out-groups. Parochial altruism has distinct survival functions, and the brain may have evolved to sustain and promote in-group cohesion and effectiveness and to ward off threatening out-groups. Here, we have linked oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, to the regulation of intergroup conflict. In three experiments using double-blind placebo-controlled designs, male participants self-administered oxytocin or placebo and made decisions with financial consequences to themselves, their in-group, and a competing out-group. Results showed that oxytocin drives a “tend and defend” response in that it promoted in-group trust and cooperation, and defensive, but not offensive, aggression toward competing out-groups.
Meromorphic properties of the resolvent on asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds

We show that the resolvent of the Laplacian on asymptotically hyperbolic spaces extends meromorphically with finite rank poles to the complex plane if and only if the metric is `even' (in a sense). If it is not even, there exist some cases where the resolvent has an essential singularity in the non-physical sheet.
Educational and decision-support tools for asthma-management guideline implementation

Many international and national asthma guidelines are now available in large parts of the world, but they are not yet implemented appropriately. There is a gap between scientific evidence-based medicine and real clinical practice. Implementation of guidelines is highly complex. Special strategies are needed to encourage guideline-based, high-quality care. It is important to understand the contents, the format, and the learning strategies which physicians prefer for the dissemination of guidelines. Physicians prefer more concise and immediately available guidelines that are practical to use. Thus, asthma guidelines should be disseminated as convenient and easily accessible tools. Various education programs and decision-support tools have been designed and applied to the clinical management of asthma to solve these challenging problems. Many of them have been shown to be effective at increasing physicians' knowledge and adherence to asthma guidelines and improving patients' clinical outcomes. These educational and decision-support tools are expected to contribute to a narrowing of the gap between asthma guidelines and practice/implementation of the guidelines.