Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Infection with Different Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Southern Brazil

Objectives. To investigate the proportion of different genotypes in countryside microregions in southern Brazil, and their association with risk factors. Methods. Cross-sectional study including a convenience sample of patients who tested positive for HCV-RNA and were referred to a regional health center for genotyping, from December 2003 to January 2008. Data were obtained through the National Disease Surveillance Data System, from laboratory registers and from patient charts. Identification of genotypes was carried out using the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism “in house” technique. Independent associations with genotypes were evaluated in multinomial logistic regression and prevalence rates of genotypes were estimated with modified Poisson regression. Results. The sample consisted of 441 individuals, 41.1 ± 12.0 years old, 56.5% men. Genotype 1 was observed in 41.5% (95% CI 37.9–48.1) of patients, genotype 2 in 19.3% (95% CI 15.0–23.6), and genotype 3 in 39.2% (95% CI 35.6–43.0). HCV genotype was significantly associated with gender and age. Dental procedures were associated with higher proportion of genotype 2 independently of age, education, and patient treatment center. Conclusions. The hepatitis C virus genotype 1 was the most frequent. Genotype 2 was associated with female gender, age, and dental procedure exposition.
Summarization and Its Application

Since Thai language lacks word/phrase/sentence boundaries, document summarization in Thai needs investigations in unit segmentation, unit selection, redundancy removal and evaluation dataset construction. In this work, we have proposed Thai Elementary Discourse Unit (TEDU) and a three-stage method of Thai multidocument summarization, i.e., unit segmentation, unit-graph formulation, and unit selection. A number of experiments are conducted using fifty sets of Thai news articles, the reference summaries of which are given. In terms of ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, and ROUGE-SU4, the experimental results point out that our combined TEDU-based summarization outperforms paragraph-based summarization and that unit redundancy consideration helps improving summary quality.
Studies of the Relativistic Binary Pulsar PSR B1534+12. II. Origin and Evolution

We have recently measured the angle between the spin and orbital angular momenta of PSR B1534+12 to be either 25° ± 4° or 155° ± 4°. This misalignment was almost certainly caused by an asymmetry in the supernova explosion that formed its companion neutron star. Here we combine the misalignment measurement with measurements of the pulsar and companion masses, the orbital elements, proper motion, and interstellar scintillation. We show that the orbit of the binary in the Galaxy is inconsistent with a velocity kick large enough to produce a nearly antialigned spin axis, so the true misalignment must be ~25°. Similar arguments lead to bounds on the mass of the companion star immediately before its supernova: 3 ± 1 M☉. The result is a coherent scenario for the formation of the observed binary. After the first supernova explosion, the neutron star that would eventually become the observed pulsar was in a Be/X-ray-type binary system with a companion of at least 10-12 M☉. During hydrogen (or possibly helium) shell burning, mass transfer occurred in a common envelope phase, leaving the neutron star in a roughly half-day orbit with a helium star with mass above ~3.3 M☉. A second phase of mass transfer was then initiated by Roche lobe overflow during shell helium burning, further reducing both the helium star mass and orbital period before the second supernova. Scenarios that avoid Roche lobe overflow by the helium star require larger helium star masses and predict space velocities inconsistent with our measurements. The companion neutron star experienced a velocity kick of 230 ± 60 km s-1 at birth, leading to a systemic kick to the binary of 180 ± 60 km s-1. The direction of the kick was roughly opposed to the instantaneous orbital velocity of the companion.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: Clinical diagnosis, nomenclature and severity assessment

Recently, the genetic heterogeneity in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), proposed in 1979 by Sillence et al., has been confirmed with molecular genetic studies. At present, 17 genetic causes of OI and closely related disorders have been identified and it is expected that more will follow. Unlike most reviews that have been published in the last decade on the genetic causes and biochemical processes leading to OI, this review focuses on the clinical classification of OI and elaborates on the newly proposed OI classification from 2010, which returned to a descriptive and numerical grouping of five OI syndromic groups. The new OI nomenclature and the pre‐and postnatal severity assessment introduced in this review, emphasize the importance of phenotyping in order to diagnose, classify, and assess severity of OI. This will provide patients and their families with insight into the probable course of the disorder and it will allow physicians to evaluate the effect of therapy. A careful clinical description in combination with knowledge of the specific molecular genetic cause is the starting point for development and assessment of therapy in patients with heritable disorders including OI. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
New phylogenetic hypotheses for the core Chlorophyta based on chloroplast sequence data

Phylogenetic relationships in the green algal phylum Chlorophyta have long been subject to debate, especially at higher taxonomic ranks (order, class). The relationships among three traditionally defined and well-studied classes, Chlorophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Ulvophyceae are of particular interest, as these groups are species-rich and ecologically important worldwide. Different phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed over the past two decades and the monophyly of the individual classes has been disputed on occasion. Our study seeks to test these hypotheses by combining high throughput sequencing data from the chloroplast genome with increased taxon sampling. Our results suggest that while many of the deep relationships are still problematic to resolve, the classes Trebouxiophyceae and Ulvophyceae are likely not monophyletic as currently defined. Our results also support relationships among several trebouxiophycean taxa that were previously unresolved. Finally, we propose that the common term for the grouping of the three classes, “UTC clade,” be replaced with the term “core Chlorophyta” for the well-supported clade containing Chlorophyceae, taxa belonging to Ulvophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, and the classes Chlorodendrophyceae and Pedinophyceae.
Revenue-driven dynamic resource allocation for network virtualization

Network virtualization has emerged as a powerful and flexible platform for future network. A major challenge is virtual network embedding problem that deals with efficiently mapping of virtual nodes and virtual links onto substrate network resources. However, resource quantity requested by virtual network service is related to time and revenue, which is not concerned by existing researches, resulting in the inefficient utilization of substrate network resources and lower revenue. To address this problem, autonomic resource allocation model based on revenue and Revenue-Driven Dynamic Allocation (called RDDA) based on time interval classification (i.e., short-term, medium-term and long-term) are presented for first time. Simulation results show that RDDA improves the substrate network resource utilization rate and the revenue of Infrastructure Provider.
Towards verification and testing of Java programs

Testing object-oriented programs is still a hard task, despite many studies on criteria to better cover the test space. Test criteria establish requirements one want to achieve in testing programs to help in finding software defects. On the other hand, program verification guarantees that a program preserves its specification but it is not very straightforwardly applicable in many cases. Both program testing and verification are expensive tasks and could be used to complement each other. This paper presents a study on using formal verification to reduce the space of program testing. As properties are checked using program model checkers, programs are traced. Information from these traces can be used to realize how much testing criteria have been satisfied, reducing the further program test space. The present work is a study on how much the test space of concurrent Java programs can be reduced if DeadlockFreedom is checked prior to testing.
Corporate Social Networking Sites – Modes of Use and Appropriation through Co-Evolution

In this paper we investigate the phenomenon of online social networking within organisations. While Internet Social Networking (ISN) as a public phenomenon has drawn considerable interest from the academic community, little knowledge exists about the potentials and modes of use of social networking sites (SNS) that emerge within organisations. We draw on three cases of SNS implementation and use in large, knowledge-intensive organisations. A cross-case analysis reveals a set of three modes of use of corporate SNS, which we discuss in light of existing literature on SNS use in the public sphere. More importantly, we reason on the open and flexible nature of these technologies and discuss implications for organisational implementation. Striking differences in the frequency of use and perceived role of SNS across the cases lead us to reason about the importance and ways of embedding open technologies with existing ICT-enabled work practices in the organisation by way of coevolution of systems and their use.
An Algorithm of Fabric Image Mosaic Based on SIFT Feature Matching

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm based on SIFT, combining several feature matching methods to achieve high accuracy of fabric image mosaic. After multiple matching and filtering steps, the overlap parts between the images can be found accurately. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible with promising effect for fabric images mosaic.
Evaluating P-NET Message's Response Time with Fixed Priority Queuing at Application Process Level

P-NET is a multi-master fieldbus standard based on a virtual token passing scheme. In P-NET each master is allowed to transmit only one message per token visit. In the worst-case, the communication response time can be derived considering that, in each token cycle, all stations use the token to transmit a message. In this paper, we define a more sophisticated P-NET model, which considers the actual token utilisation. We then analyse the possibility of implementing a local priority-based scheduling policy to improve the real-time behaviour of P-NET.
The finite-time stability of perturbed systems

This paper deals with the finite-time stability of dynamic perturbed systems. The Lyapunov stability case is studied for nonautonomous systems and where the autonomous part is considered as finite-time stable and augmented by a separable function related to time-varying perturbations. As a result, the nonautonomous perturbed system is showed finite-time stable. Sufficient conditions are proposed for finite-time stability of homogeneous and T-periodic systems and where the averaging method has lead to a perturbed average system. The autonomous X4 flyer attitude and position stabilizations are obtained in finite-time. Some simulation results illustrate the proposed stability method.
ATOH1 Can Regulate the Tumorigenicity of Gastric Cancer Cells by Inducing the Differentiation of Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to mediate tumorigenicity, chemo-resistance, radio-resistance and metastasis, which suggest they be considered therapeutic targets. Because their differentiated daughter cells are no longer tumorigenic, to induce the differentiation of CSCs can be one of strategies which can eradicate CSCs. Here we show that ATOH1 can induce the differentiation of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs). Real time PCR and western blot analysis showed that ATOH1 was induced during the differentiation of GCSCs. Furthermore, the lentivirus-induced overexpression of ATOH1 in GCSCs and in gastric cancer cell lines significantly induced differentiation, reduced proliferation and sphere formation, and reduced in vivo tumor formation in the subcutaneous injection and liver metastasis xenograft models. These results suggest ATOH1 be considered for the development of a differentiation therapy for gastric cancer.
A partial ordering of sets, making mean entropy monotone

Consider a state of a system with several subsystems. The entropies of the reduced state on different subsystems obey certain inequalities, provided there is an equivalence relation, and a function measuring volumes or weights of subsystems. The entropy per unit volume or unit weight, the mean entropy, then decreases with respect to an order relation of the subsystems, defined in this paper. In the context of statistical mechanics a lattice system is studied in detail, and a decrease of mean energy is deduced for blow-up sequences of regular and irregular octagons. Examples referring to quantum information, with strict relations for mean entropies of subsystems in multipartite systems are also presented.
A five-bar finger mechanism involving redundant actuators: analysis and its applications

A five-bar finger mechanism driven by redundant actuators is given as an illustrative example. It is shown that judicial choice of the location of one redundant actuator greatly enhances the load handling capacity of the system, when compared to those of minimum actuation and more than two redundant actuators. Also, methodologies for stiffness and motion frequency modulations via redundant actuation are investigated. Internal load distribution associated with the stiffness and motion frequency modulations is further discussed. Specifically, the motion frequency of the system is modulated by employing inertial and spring-like impedance properties created by internal loading. The motion frequency as well as the amplitude of oscillation can be actively adjusted during the motion, and the equilibrium position about which the vibration occurs can also be arbitrarily changed during the motion. Furthermore, using the stiffness modulation capability, a point-to-point motion can be accomplished by a progressive movement of equilibrium posture, which is called a virtual trajectory. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, several simulation results are illustrated.
Hardware and software implementations of an MMSE equalizer for MIMO-OFDM based WLAN

Communication over a MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) channel promises several advantages: increase in channel capacity, reduced transmit power, greater coverage, and improved link robustness. The minimum mean squared error equalizer (MMSE) is a potential algorithm in addressing the MIMO detection challenge. This paper presents four implementations for the computation of the MMSE equalizer coefficients. The studied options are: (1) a general-purpose microprocessor (ARM926EJ-S); (2) a traditional general purpose DSP (RD16024); (3) an embedded vector processor (EVP/sub 16/); and (4) a dedicated hardware solution. We show that, the equalizer requires acceleration for real-time processing. In order to obtain a low cost, flexible multi-standard WLAN baseband implementation, EVP/sub 16/ is the only feasible solution among the four studied.
Implementation of a reconfigurable architecture of discrete wavelet packet transform with three types of multipliers on FPGA

This paper reports on the efficient implementations of a reconfigurable architecture of discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) with three types of multipliers on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The multipliers include the FPGA's internal multipliers, lookup table (LUT) based multipliers, and partial product multipliers (PPMs). Using two filters, a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, which work concurrently at each level, speeds up the rate of data processing in the reported DWPT architecture. The results of implementations using these multipliers provide useful information that can help to select the best architecture for a particular application. The results also demonstrate that the DWPT architectures implemented using memory-based multipliers have a more stable operating frequency versus changes in the size of input data. Additionally, it is shown that PPMs can be used as an alternative to LUT-based multipliers as they occupy a smaller area on hardware platforms.
A System for Managing Vehicle Location Data with Optimal Privacy Features

The high amount of vehicle location data, which come from various sources, raises serious privacy concerns. In this paper, we describe a system to store location data in such a way that privacy can be enforced according to standard requirements. The system maximizes the precision of location data in order that they can be profitable exploited for positive purposes, like crime fighting. The core of the system is the strategy used to reach this goal that combines the approaches of k-anonymity and location obfuscation to preserve privacy and uses a dynamic-programming technique to find the solution compliant with the privacy requirements and having the best accuracy.
Spatially-coupled irregular LDPC codes by non-square superposition matrices

Spatially-coupled irregular LDPC codes by non-square superposition matrices are proposed. Starting with a binary base matrix and replacing non-zero entries in the base matrix by superposition matrices produces a parity-check matrix and its corresponding code ensemble. The proposed codes have two features: a) flexible code rates because the size of the superposition matrix is arbitrarily adjusted, and b) guaranteed iterative decoding performance because the degree distributions of the superposition matrix are optimized, even in a finite coupling width. The numerical analysis of density evolution and Monte-Carlo simulations show that our proposed code ensembles approach the Shannon limits at arbitrary code rates and outperform the conventional codes.
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical , Biological and Chemical Sciences Shadow Free Urban High Resolution Remote Sensing Images

In this paper an object oriented shadow detection and removal method is used in high resolution remote sensing images.The shadow features are evalauted through image segmentation,where the features of the shadow are obtained with the spectral and spatial characteristics of the image. Histogram based threshold value method is used to detect the suspected shadows in which the false shadows are ruled out and the real shadows get detected.The inner outer outline profile line matching is used for shadow removal. The inner outer outline profile lines are generated along inner and outer outline lines in which those lines can be obtained by contracting the boundary of shadow inward and expanding it outward.The inner outer outline profile line matching is done section by section to obtain homogeneous sections by conducting similarity matching.The interference of noise and dark pixels are avoided in this method.Shadow trend information and spatial information are necessary to detect the shadows where in a high resolution remote sensing image a large amount of obvious shadow may lead to loss of information. Darker objects shadows are more concentrated in this paper to avoid the loss of object, in which the objects can be misatakenly taken as shadows and get eliminated.
Unsupervised segmentation of moving object by region-based MRF model and occlusion detection

A new algorithm is proposed in this paper for unsupervised segmentation of moving object from the video sequence. The spatial partition of frame is performed by the intensity-based watershed algorithm, which keeps the boundary of ultimate extracted object. The motion-based region classification provides a good initialization for object segmentation. An elaborate occlusion region detection scheme removes the potential miss-classification of the uncovered background regions. The final moving object is successfully segmented by the MRF-based labeling technique plus an efficient region growing process. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on several real sequences and achieves the plausible results.
A Study of Visual Reasoning in Medical Diagnosis

The purpose of this paper is to describe experimental work conducted in the area of diagnostic radiology, with an emphasis on how perception and problem solving interact in this type of task. This work was part of a larger project whose goals included the development of an information-processing model of visual interaction, and the subsequentdesign of an intelligent cooperative assistant for this domain. Verbal protocol data was collected from eight radiologists (six residents and two experts) while they examined seven differ­ ent computer-displayed chest x-rays. A brief overview of the methodology and analysis techniques is presented, together with specific results from one x-ray case. More general results are then discussed in the framework of issues important to the later modeling effort.
The Role of Mast Cells in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, but its treatment is unsatisfactory as its pathophysiology is multifactorial. The putative factors of IBS pathophysiology are visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal dysmotility, also including psychological factors, dysregulated gut-brain axis, intestinal microbiota alterations, impaired intestinal permeability, and mucosal immune alterations. Recently, mucosal immune alterations have received much attention with the role of mast cells in IBS. Mast cells are abundant in the intestines and function as intestinal gatekeepers at the interface between the luminal environment in the intestine and the internal milieu under the intestinal epithelium. As a gatekeeper at the interface, mast cells communicate with the adjacent cells such as epithelial, neuronal, and other immune cells throughout the mediators released when they themselves are activated. Many studies have suggested that mast cells play a role in the pathophysiology of IBS. This review will focus on studies of the role of mast cell in IBS and the limitations of studies and will also consider future directions.
Energy efficient joint scheduling and resource allocation for downlink cognitive radio networks

This paper investigates the problem of resource allocation in a downlink cognitive radio (CR) network where secondary users (SUs) share multiple channels with the primary user (PU). The aim is to maximize the energy efficiency of the SUs while satisfying the transmit power constraint, the interference power constraint to protect the PU and the minimum rate requirements to guarantee the quality-of-service (QoS) of the SUs. Since the minimum rate requirements of the SUs may not be able to be satisfied, the resource allocation problem may be infeasible. Thus, we propose joint SU scheduling and resource allocation algorithms to solve the problem. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithms achieve high energy efficiency and large number of scheduled SUs simultaneously.