Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Annual research review: Attachment disorders in early childhood--clinical presentation, causes, correlates, and treatment.

BACKGROUND Though noted in the clinical literature for more than 50 years, attachment disorders have been studied systematically only recently. In part because of the ubiquity of attachments in humans, determining when aberrant behavior is best explained as an attachment disorder as opposed to insecure attachment has led to some confusion. In this selective review, we consider the literature on reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder and describe an emerging consensus about a number of issues, while also noting some areas of controversy and others where we lack clear answers. We include a brief history of the classification of the disorders, as well as measurement issues. We describe their clinical presentation, causes and vulnerability factors, and clinical correlates, including the relation of disorders to secure and insecure attachment classifications. We also review what little is known and what more we need to learn about interventions. METHODS We conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases, using search terms 'reactive attachment disorder,' 'attachment disorder,' 'indiscriminate behavior,' 'indiscriminate friendliness,' 'indiscriminate socially disinhibited reactive attachment disorder,' 'disinhibited social engagement disorder,' and 'disinhibited social behavior. ' We also contacted investigators who have published on these topics. FINDINGS A growing literature has assessed behaviors in children who have experienced various types of adverse caregiving environments reflecting signs of putative attachment disorders, though fewer studies have investigated categorically defined attachment disorders. The evidence for two separate disorders is considerable, with reactive attachment disorder indicating children who lack attachments despite the developmental capacity to form them, and disinhibited social engagement disorder indicating children who lack developmentally appropriate reticence with unfamiliar adults and who violate socially sanctioned boundaries. CONCLUSIONS Although many questions remain to be answered, especially regarding appropriate interventions, we know considerably more about attachment disorders than we did only a decade ago.
Breast feeding and respiratory morbidity in infancy: a birth cohort study

Aim: To examine the relation between the duration of breast feeding and morbidity as a result of respiratory illness and infection in the first year of life. Methods: Prospective birth cohort study of 2602 live born children ascertained through antenatal clinics at the major tertiary obstetric hospital in Perth, Western Australia. Main outcome measures were hospital, doctor, or clinic visits, and hospital admissions for respiratory illness and infection in the first year of life. Main exposure measures were the duration of predominant breast feeding (defined as the age other milk was introduced) and partial (any) breast feeding (defined as the age breast feeding was stopped). Main confounders were gender, gestational age less than 37 weeks, smoking in pregnancy, older siblings, maternal education, and maternal age. Results: Hospital, doctor, or clinic visits for four or more upper respiratory tract infections were significantly greater if predominant breast feeding was stopped before 2 months or partial breast feeding was stopped before 6 months. Predominant breast feeding for less than six months was associated with an increased risk for two or more hospital, doctor, or clinic visits and hospital admission for wheezing lower respiratory illness. Breast feeding for less than eight months was associated with a significantly increased risk for two or more hospital, doctor, or clinic visits or hospital admissions because of wheezing lower respiratory illnesses. Conclusions: Predominant breast feeding for at least six months and partial breast feeding for up to one year may reduce the prevalence and subsequent morbidity of respiratory illness and infection in infancy.
Comparative Studies Between Zinc Oxide and Manganese Oxide Nano-Particle for their Antimicrobial Activities

The biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles is an expanding research area due to the potential applications for the ecofriendly development of novel technologies. Present study reported the antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide and manganese oxide nano-particles were investigated using : Gram positive bacteria namely ( Bacillus megaterium , Bacillus subtilus , Sarcina lutea and Staphylococcus aureus ), Gram negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus vulgaris ) and the pathogenic yeast ( Candida albicans and fungi Aspergillus niger ). The average sizes of the zinc and manganese nanoparticles were 111nm and 157 nm, respectively, as determined through transmission electron microscopy. The microbial effect of zinc oxide and manganese oxide nano-particles were compared based on diameter of inhibition zone in well diffusion tests and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Bacterial sensitivity to nanoparticles was found to vary depending on the microbial species. Well diffusion studies with E. coli and B.subtilis revealed greater effectiveness of the zinc nanoparticles compared to the manganese nanoparticles. P. aeruginosa depicted the highest sensitivity to nanoparticles compared to the other strains and was more adversely affected by the manganese than zinc nanoparticles. Good correlation was observed between MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) measured in liquid cultures. For zinc nanoparticles a good negative correlation was observed between the inhibition zone observed in disk diffusion test and MIC/MBC determined based on liquid cultures with the various strains
Fake News!

We review several topics of philosophical interest connected to misleading online content. First we consider proposed definitions of different types of misleading content. Then we consider the epistemology of misinformation, focusing on approaches from virtue episte-mology and social epistemology. Finally we discuss how misinformation is related to belief polarization, and argue that models of rational polarization present special challenges for conceptualizing fake news and misinformation
Initial Erosion Models

Initial dental erosion – the very first tooth surface changes caused by short-term acidic exposures before any tissue loss is observed – has been studied using in vitro and in situ/in vivo protocols. This paper describes the events that should be considered when modelling initial erosion, the available protocols and their strengths and limitations. In vitro initial erosion models can provide relevant information about the erosive outcome. However, the published studies vary considerably regarding the erosive parameters used, and few of these studies have been validated. On the other hand, relevant in situ/in vivo studies are available that have studied the effect of salivary pellicle and preventive treatments on initial erosion, as well as the changes in salivary pH following exposure to acid solutions. Guidelines for good methodology in modelling initial erosion are proposed.
Seroprevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Among Voluntary Blood Donors In Chennai

Background: Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most significant pathogens infecting immunosuppressed individuals. CMV is known to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following blood transfusion in immunocompromised individuals. The immunosuppressed population for whom CMV free blood products are requested is increasing due to advances in medical care. The most effective way to minimize the risk of CMV transmission in high risk recipients would be to administer CMV free blood products. The study was performed to find out the seroprevalence of Human CMV among voluntary blood donors in Chennai. Materials and methods: A total of 580 voluntary blood donors were tested for IgM and IgG anti-CMV antibodies by ELISA technique and seronegative samples were confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Demographic details and laboratory results were analyzed. Results: Among the 580 donors, 441 (76.03%) were males and 139 (23.97%) were females. It was found that 550 donors were positive for IgG anti-CMV antibody giving an IgG seroprevalence rate of 94.82%. IgM anti-CMV antibody was negative in all the donors. None of the IgG seronegative blood samples were found to contain CMV DNA by PCR. Conclusion: Human CMV is highly prevalent and is a threat to the safety of blood transfusion. Considering the fact that IgM antibody positive donors seldom found, screening for IgM anti-CMV antibody may be practiced only for high risk recipients. Other preventive strategies like leukoreduction or pathogen inactivation can be made available to prevent CMV transmission.
Narcissist! Do you need so much attention?

After the rise of Word2vec came the BERT era, with large architectures allowing to deal with polysemy by taking into account the contextual information, leading to great performance improvement on classic nlp tasks. BERT systems are considered universal: they can be ﬁne-tuned to address any task eﬃciently. However, these systems are huge to deploy, not trivial to ﬁne-tune, and may not be ﬁtted to some corpora, e.g. domain-speciﬁc and small ones. For instance, we consider the deft 2018 corpus of tweets and show that CamemBERT is not appropriate to this corpus and task. According to the Occam’s razor principle, we thus designed MiniBERT , a tiny BERT architecture that includes a simpliﬁed self-attention mechanism and does require neither pre-training, nor external data. We show that this easily trainable and deployable system obtains encouraging results on deft , whilst providing inter-pretable results. Mots-clef : BERT , MiniBERT , contextual embeddings, explainable AI, deft .
Comparing magnitudes across dimensions: a univariate and multivariate approach

Is there a common neural code underlying the representation of different quantity dimensions? In a high resolution fMRI protocol, we compared the activation evoked by the presentation of lines with different lengths, and sets of different numbers. We contrasted the results obtained with standard univariate analyses with a multivariate approach comparing the representational similarities within and between dimensions (i.e. few : short = many : long? ). Together, our findings suggest that although the representations of number and size are co-localized in parietal cortex, these two quantity dimensions do not share a common representational code.
JOUR N AL OF THE ASSOCIATIO N FOR MATHEMATICAL RESEARCH

: Given a Zariski-dense, discrete group, Γ , of isometries acting on ( n + 1 ) - dimensional hyperbolic space, we use spectral methods to obtain a sharp asymptotic formula for the growth rate of certain Γ -orbits. In particular, this allows us to obtain a best-known effective error rate for the Apollonian and (more generally) Kleinian sphere packing counting problems, that is, counting the number of spheres in such with radius bounded by a growing parameter. Our method extends the method of Kontorovich [Kon09], which was itself an extension of the orbit counting method of Lax-Phillips [LP82], in two ways. First, we remove a compactness condition on the discrete subgroups considered via a technical cut-off and smoothing operation. Second, we develop a coordinate system which naturally corresponds to the inversive geometry underlying the sphere counting problem, and give structure theorems on the arising Casimir operator and Haar measure in these coordinates.
Prediction of outcome of fetal congenital heart disease using a cardiovascular profile score

Congestive heart failure in fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHD) is associated with high perinatal mortality. The clinical condition can be characterized by five ultrasound markers that comprise the 10‐point cardiovascular profile (CVP) score. Our aim was to assess the value of the CVP score in evaluating the condition and in maintaining surveillance of fetuses with CHD.
A Case Study of Automated Face Recognition: The Boston Marathon Bombings Suspects

While face recognition can be a useful tool, helping authorities to narrow leads and confirm a criminal suspect's identity, the media tended to highlight the technology's limitations in the Boston Marathon bombings investigation. Consequently, we were motivated to reexamine the efficacy of unconstrained face recognition using this incident as a case study. We chose two automated face recognition systems known for their superior unconstrained matching performance based on tests conducted by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology: NEC's NeoFace v3.1 and Google-owned Pittsburgh Pattern Recognition v5.2. 2. To conduct the experiment, we added six reference images of the Tsarnaevs taken from press releases and news articles following their identification to a background database of 1 million mug shots. Against this database, we searched for matches of the five face images of the brothers extracted by the FBI from surveillance, smartphone, or point-and-shoot camera footage before their identification.
Protect Art and Creativity: A Prevention Framework for Unauthorized Learning of Text to Image AIs.

In this work, we aim to solve the problem of unauthorized learning of works arising from the process of collecting large amounts of data from Text to Image (TTI) AI models represented by Stable Diffusion. The TTI model performs indiscriminate web data crawling to collect a substantial number of images, and these images are used for model learning without the consent of the original author. The TTI model is capable of learning the drawing style of an image, which undermines the value of the original work. Therefore, we suggest a method of transforming images to deteriorate the learning accuracy of TTI models. Then, we compare the quality of original images to images processed by the modification method presented in this study, using both quantitative measurement and qualitative measurement. Thus, we confirm that the image modification method we propose prevents AI models from learning literary works without permission.
Social Media Learning: An approach for composition of multimedia interactive object in a collaborative learning environment

Multimedia resources offer an opportunity to innovate and improve teaching and learning environments through the interactivity. However, the interactivity is weakly supported by current learning environments and there is a lack of tools to build this type of material. Therefore, this paper describes a new collaborative environment for composing multimedia-interactive learning objects, called Social Media Learning (SMLearning). This environment includes a methodological guideline and a Social Media platform. This article presents details about Authoring Tool and Multimedia Player, which have been tested in a blended learning experience with a postgraduate course at the University Autónoma of Madrid, where students and teachers have been worked together for generating multimedia-interactive educational material.
Protected Carotid Artery Stenting Carotid Intraplaque Hemorrhage during Associations between Cerebral Embolism and

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid artery stent placement in patients with intraplaque hemorrhage remains controversial because of the incidence of cerebral embolism after the procedure. The purpose of this study is to determine if intraplaque hemorrhage is a signiﬁcant risk factor for cerebral embolism during carotid artery stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study assessed 94 consecutive patients with severe carotid stenosis. These patients underwent preprocedural carotid MR imaging and postprocedural DWI after carotid artery stent placement. Intraplaque hemorrhage was deﬁned as the presence of high signal intensity within the carotid plaque that was (cid:2) 200% of the signal from the adjacent muscle on MPRAGE. We then analyzed the incidence of postprocedural ipsilateral ischemic events on DWI and primary outcomes within 30 days of carotid artery stent placement. RESULTS: Forty-three patients (45.7%) had intraplaque hemorrhage on an MPRAGE image. There was no signiﬁcant difference in the incidence of postprocedural ipsilateral ischemic events and primary outcomes between the intraplaque hemorrhage and non–intraplaque hemorrhage group. However, postprocedural ipsilateral ischemic events were more frequently observed in the symptomatic group (17/41 [41.5%]) than in the asymptomatic group (8/53 [15.1%]; P (cid:3) . 005). CONCLUSIONS: Intraplaque hemorrhage was not a signiﬁcant risk factor for cerebral embolism during carotid artery stent placement in patients with severe carotid stenosis. Symptomatic patients should receive more careful treatment during carotid artery stent placement because of the higher risk of postprocedural ipsilateral ischemic events
Plasma fibronectin enhances phagocytosis of opsonized particles by human peripheral blood monocytes

We have investigated the effect of plasma fibronectin (Fn) on binding and phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes (E) by human peripheral blood monocytes. Unopsonized E were not phagocytosed in the absence or presence of Fn, but Fn enhanced the phagocytosis of E bearing IgG. Sheep erythrocytes sensitized with IgM and C3b were ingested only when monocytes were exposed to Fn. The Fn enhancement of phagocytosis occurred for both fluid-phase and glass-adherent monocytes. Experiments in which Fn was washed out before mixing monocytes with opsonized E demonstrated that the Fn effect occurred because of interaction with the monocytes and not the opsonized particles. Chromatography of the Fn on Biogel A 1.5m showed that the phagocytosis-enhancing activity exactly co-chromatographed with the Fn protein. Fn did not increase the number of monocyte membrane receptors for the Fc fragment of monomeric IgG. We conclude that Fn enhances monocyte phagocytosis, not by binding to particles as a conventional opsonin, but by stimulating monocytes to ingest already opsonized particles more avidly.
Measuring entropy in functional neuroscience : pathophysiological and clinical applications

© 2016 Chung et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. © 2016 Chung et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress. com/terms. php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Neuroscience and Neuroeconomics 2016:5 45–53 Neuroscience and Neuroeconomics Dovepress
The Ontology and Architecture for an Academic Social Network

In this paper, UniGrad, an ontology that extends FOAF (Friend Of A Friend) with graduate education and research concepts has been presented. Nowadays, having lots of information exist throughout the Web, e.g. for academicians and researchers, finding a specialist in an area as a query is somehow cumbersome. The proposed technique is using Semantic Web technology including ontologies such as FOAF and SIOC to provide possibility of defining a structure for information to take the advantage of desired queries. We also propose the design of a social network based on UniGrad and using of this ontology to integrate different data sources.
Comparative Analysis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) Deaminase in Selected Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase promotes plant growth by sequestering and cleaving the ethylene precursor ACC to ααααα -ketobutyrate and ammonium. Many plant growth promoting rhizobacteria producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase as a source of nitrogen has an eminent role in plant nutrition. In this work to perform comparative proteomics analysis of ACCD producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) i.e., Azospirillum lipoferum, Phyllobacterium brassicacearum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica OSU18 and Bacillus cereus. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of ACCD producing PGPR species represents the common conserved domain belonging to the tryptophan synthase beta subunit-like PLP-dependent enzymes superfamily and closely related to each other. The predicted homology models of ACCD of PGPR have similar protein structure with similar folds often share similar function. This analysis represents the
The Influence of Governance on Investment: Evidence from a Hazard Model

Does corporate governance affect the timing of large investment projects? Hazard model estimates suggest strong shareholder governance may deter managers from pursuing large investments. Controlling for investment opportunities, firms with good governance experience longer spells between large investments. However, in the presence of financial constraints or strong CEO incentives (high delta (δ)), we find no such timing differences. Finally, these higher investment hazard firms exhibit significantly negative long-run operating and stock performance. Overall, our findings are consistent with the notion that poor governance associates with overinvestment.
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Assimilation of Hexadecane by Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis

A study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms for biosurfactant-enhanced hexadecane uptake into P. frederiksbergensis . Biosurfactants production was observed within 4-6 days from the incubation. The biosurfactant(s) were able to cause a drop in the surface tension from 72 to 25 mNm -1 after 10 days of incubation. The stability of hexadecane emulsion in the supernatant of the culture was observed after 24 h, where 15 % of the hexadecane was converted to an emulsion. After 8 days, the conversion reached maximum value of 73.3 % when the adhesion of the cells to hexadecane was 88%. This study supports the hypothesis of alkane transport into microbial cells by direct contact with larger alkane droplets and by pseudosolubilization. Also, it appears that both mechanisms occur simultaneously.
National Quail

: We used North American Breeding Bird Survey data (1966-91) to estimate distribution, relative abundance, and population trends of quails. Population trends in grassland/shrub birds sympatric with northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were also examined. Northern bobwhite and scaled quail (Callipepl,a squamata) populations have declined since 1966. Rates of decline for these quails have increased during the past decade. California quail (C. califomica), Gambel's quail (C. gambelii), and mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) populations have been stable over the long-term (1966-91). However, the short-term (1982-91) trend for California quail is positive, whereas Gambel's quail appear to be declining. Patterns in trends indicate similar factors may be negatively affecting breeding populations of grassland/shrub birds throughout the bobwhite's range. We discuss plausible hypotheses to explain population trends and recommend future action.