Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dose–Response Relationship of Robot-Assisted Stroke Motor Rehabilitation: The Impact of Initial Motor Status

Background and Purpose— The increasing availability of robot-assisted therapy (RT), which provides quantifiable, reproducible, interactive, and intensive practice, holds promise for stroke rehabilitation, but data on its dose–response relation are scanty. This study used 2 different intensities of RT to examine the treatment effects of RT and the effect on outcomes of the severity of initial motor deficits. Methods— Fifty-four patients with stroke were randomized to a 4-week intervention of higher-intensity RT, lower-intensity RT, or control treatment. The primary outcome, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, was administered at baseline, midterm, and posttreatment. Secondary outcomes included the Medical Research Council scale, the Motor Activity Log, and the physical domains of the Stroke Impact Scale. Results— The higher-intensity RT group showed significantly greater improvements on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment than the lower-intensity RT and control treatment groups at midterm (P=0.003 and P=0.02) and at posttreatment (P=0.04 and P=0.02). Within-group gains on the secondary outcomes were significant, but the differences among the 3 groups did not reach significance. Recovery rates of the higher-intensity RT group were higher than those of the lower-intensity RT group, particularly on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Scatterplots with curve fitting showed that patients with moderate motor deficits gained more improvements than those with severe or mild deficits after the higher-intensity RT. Conclusions— This study demonstrated the higher treatment intensity provided by RT was associated with better motor outcome for patients with stroke, which may shape further stroke rehabilitation. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00917605.
Customizing Web-Based Systems with Object-Oriented Views

Although views have proved their place in relational data models, their role in customizing object-oriented (OO) systems has been severely underestimated. This phenomenon occurs despite the fact that views in the OO paradigm can be designed such that their functionality by far exceeds that of their relational cousins. Based on research in OO databases and on the Viewpoint Abstraction, the purpose of this paper is to integrate views into UML, to sketch the implementation of the tool RoseView, and to illustrate applications of views in web-based systems. We argue that designing system increments or adaptations as view contexts allows for customized system versions without ever affecting the code of the original application, meaning significant savings in maintenance. Further, we introduce RoseView, a tool implemented to make views available in UML and thus to extend OO languages by an essential abstraction dimension.
Asymptomatic arrhythmias in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

BACKGROUND Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia are recognized clinically when patients seek treatment for symptoms due to recurrent arrhythmias; atrial fibrillation also increases the risk of stroke. The frequency with which asymptomatic arrhythmias occur in patients with these arrhythmias is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (n = 8) or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (n = 14) were studied for 29 days with two different ambulatory ECG-monitoring techniques to measure the relative frequency of asymptomatic and symptomatic arrhythmias. All class I antiarrhythmic drugs, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, and digitalis were withheld. Sustained asymptomatic arrhythmia events (defined as lasting at least 30 seconds) were documented using continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring once weekly for a total of 5 of the 29 study days; symptomatic arrhythmia events were documented using transtelephonic ECG monitoring for all 29 days of the study. In the group of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, asymptomatic arrhythmia events occurred significantly more frequently than symptomatic arrhythmia events; the mean rates, expressed as events/100 d/patient (95% confidence interval), were 62.5 (40.4, 87.3) and 5.2 (2.7, 9.0) (P < .01); the ratio of the mean rates was 12.1 (5.8, 26.4). In contrast, in the group of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, asymptomatic arrhythmia events were significantly less frequent than symptomatic arrhythmia events; the mean rates were 0.0 (0.0, 5.3) and 7.4 (5.0, 10.6) (P = .02). The ratio of the mean rates was 0.0 (0.0, 0.8). CONCLUSIONS In a group of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, sustained asymptomatic atrial fibrillation occurs far more frequently than symptomatic atrial fibrillation. However, it is not known whether asymptomatic atrial fibrillation is a potential risk factor for stroke even when patients are not having symptomatic arrhythmias.
Selection of Alternative CYP3A4 Probe Substrates for Clinical Drug Interaction Studies Using In Vitro Data and In Vivo Simulation

Understanding the potential for cytochrome P450-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is a critical step in the drug discovery process. DDIs of CYP3A4 are of particular importance because of the number of marketed drugs that are cleared by this enzyme. In response to studies that suggested the presence of several binding regions within the CYP3A4 active site, multiple probe substrates are often used for in vitro CYP3A4 DDI studies, including midazolam (the clinical standard), felodipine/nifedipine, and testosterone. However, the design of clinical CYP3A4 DDI studies may be confounded for cases such as 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-N-[5-(7-methoxyquinolin-4-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (AMG 458), with which testosterone is predicted to exhibit a clinically relevant DDI whereas midazolam and felodipine/nifedipine are not. To develop an appropriate path forward for such clinical DDI studies, the inhibition potency of 20 known inhibitors of CYP3A4 were measured in vitro using 8 clinically relevant CYP3A4 probe substrates and testosterone. Hierarchical clustering suggested four probe substrate clusters: testosterone; felodipine; midazolam, buspirone, quinidine, and sildenafil; and simvastatin, budesonide, and fluticasone. The in vivo sensitivities of six clinically relevant CYP3A4 probe substrates (buspirone, cyclosporine, nifedipine, quinidine, sildenafil, and simvastatin) were determined in relation to midazolam from literature DDI data. Buspirone, sildenafil, and simvastatin exhibited similar or greater sensitivity than midazolam to CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo. Finally, Simcyp was used to predict the in vivo magnitude of CYP3A4 DDIs caused by AMG 458 using midazolam, sildenafil, simvastatin, and testosterone as probe substrates.
Energy-Efficient Sleep-Mode Operations for Broadband Wireless Access Systems

Broadband wireless access systems usually provide flexible sleep-mode operations for mobile stations to conserve energy during idle or active modes. For example, the IEEE 802.16e offers several sleep-mode classes that can be applied to mobile subscriber stations (MSSs) to reduce their power consumptions for different applications. Unfortunately, previous studies did not fully utilize sleep-mode features, and the power consumption of an MSS with multiple network connections is not optimized. In this work, two scheduling algorithms for sleep-mode operations based on the IEEE 802.16e are proposed. These schemes guarantee the quality of services (QoSs) of the network connections for an MSS and also minimize the power consumption of the MSS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes outperform the traditional approaches.
Learning to Identify Local Flora with Human Feedback (Author's Manuscript)

Abstract : In this ongoing work, we are developing a method that involves a user in the loop to aid in the fine-grained recognition of a diverse set of tree species. Instead of asking users to provide attributes of trees, we instead ask them to judge the similarity between pairs of tree images, and then use this to learn the parameters of a discriminative distance metric for use with k-nearest neighbors. Over time, the discriminative distance function becomes a better approximation to the humans judgment of visual similarity. We present baselines and results of our human-guided approach on a collection of 20 tree species from five geographic locations.
Damper Currents Simulation of Large Hydro-Generator Using the Combination of FEM and Coupled Circuits Models

A high-order model is required for an accurate simulation of the synchronous alternator spatial harmonic content. However, some hydro-generators have fractional slot per pole per phase windings, and carrying transient simulations of these machines with finite-element software often leads to unacceptable computation time. This paper details a large alternator modeling method that provides an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed. It is a combination of magnetostatic finite element method and coupled circuits model. The paper details the construction of this model and explains the procedures to identify several model parameters from experimental data as the standstill frequency response and open and short circuit tests. The effectiveness of this modeling method is validated by the study of a large 109-MVA hydrogenerator having an instrumented rotor pole. We compare transient and steady-state simulation waveforms of the damper bar currents during sudden two- and three-phase short-circuit to the experimental measures.
Observed assertive and intrusive maternal feeding behaviors increase child adiposity.

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined observed maternal feeding behaviors and their potential association with child adiposity. The association between maternal prompting to eat and child adiposity has been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES This study sought to identify factors associated with maternal feeding behaviors and to test the hypothesis that more maternal prompts to eat, more assertive prompts, and more intrusiveness are associated with greater child adiposity. DESIGN Children (n = 1218) and their mothers were videotaped eating a standardized snack at ages 15, 24, and 36 mo. Maternal prompts to eat, the percentage of prompts that were assertive, and intrusiveness were coded. Adjusted regression analyses evaluated predictors of prompts, the percentage of assertive prompts, and intrusiveness and the relation of each of these factors with child adiposity (weight-for-length z score at 15 mo and BMI z score at 24 and 36 mo) after control for the child's race-ethnicity and sex, family income-to-needs ratio, and maternal education, weight status, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS At 36 mo, mothers gave an average of 9.3 prompts; 61% of prompts were assertive, and 48% of mothers were intrusive. Lower maternal education and minority race-ethnicity were associated with a greater percentage of assertive prompts and intrusiveness. A greater percentage of assertive prompts and intrusiveness, but not total prompts, was associated with higher child adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Assertive prompting and an intrusive style had small but significant associations with greater child adiposity. Future work should focus on maternal motivations for assertive and intrusive feeding styles and mechanisms through which these feeding styles might increase child adiposity.
Glucose sensing and signaling by two glucose receptors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

How eukaryotic cells sense availability of glucose, their preferred carbon and energy source, is an important, unsolved problem. Bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) uses two glucose transporter homologs, Snf3 and Rgt2, as glucose sensors that generate a signal for induction of expression of genes encoding hexose transporters (HXT genes). We present evidence that these proteins generate an intracellular glucose signal without transporting glucose. The Snf3 and Rgt2 glucose sensors contain unusually long C‐terminal tails that are predicted to be in the cytoplasm. These tails appear to be the signaling domains of Snf3 and Rgt2 because they are necessary for glucose signaling by Snf3 and Rgt2, and transplantation of the C‐terminal tail of Snf3 onto the Hxt1 and Hxt2 glucose transporters converts them into glucose sensors that can generate a signal for glucose‐induced HXT gene expression. These results support the idea that yeast senses glucose using two modified glucose transporters that serve as glucose receptors.
The research on the planning model of rural distribution network containing diversification loads

The accession of diversification loads containing DG and electric vehicles charging stations into distribution network has an important impact on the distribution network planning and operation. This paper proposes a planning model of rural distribution network containing diversification loads, which can realize the integrated optimization planning including the location and sizing of DG, charging station location and capacity, distributed network frame construction and renovation. Taking the diversification loads into account, and selecting the minimum costs of investment, operation and environment as the objective, the paper establishes the planning model of rural distribution network containing diversification loads. The simulation results show the model can improve the economic and environmental benefits.
Unique intracellular activation of the potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent 1592U89

The anabolism of 1592U89, (-)-(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclo pentene-1-methanol, a selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was characterized in human T-lymphoblastoid CD4+ CEM cells. 1592U89 was ultimately anabolized to the triphosphate (TP) of the guanine analog (-)-carbovir (CBV), a potent inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase. However, less than 2% of intracellular 1592U89 was converted to CBV, an amount insufficient to account for the CBV-TP levels observed. 1592U89 was anabolized to its 5'-monophosphate (MP) by the recently characterized enzyme adenosine phosphotransferase, but neither its diphosphate (DP) nor its TP was detected. The MP, DP, and TP of CBV were found in cells incubated with either 1592U89 or CBV, with CBV-TP being the major phosphorylated species. We confirmed that CBV is phosphorylated by 5'-nucleotidase and that mycophenolic acid increased the formation of CBV-TP from CBV 75-fold. However, mycophenolic acid did not stimulate 1592U89 anabolism to CBV-TP. The adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) did not inhibit CBV-TP formation from CBV or 1592U89, whereas the adenylate deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin selectively inhibited 1592U89 anabolism to CBV-TP and reversed the antiviral activity of 1592U89. 1592U89-MP was not a substrate for adenylate deaminase but was a substrate for a distinct cytosolic deaminase that was inhibited by 2'-deoxycoformycin-5'-MP. Thus, 1592U89 is phosphorylated by adenosine phosphotransferase to 1592U89-MP, which is converted by a novel cytosolic enzyme to CBV-MP. CBV-MP is then further phosphorylated to CBV-TP by cellular kinases. This unique activation pathway enables 1592U89 to overcome the pharmacokinetic and toxicological deficiencies of CBV while maintaining potent and selective anti-HIV activity.
A comparison of junction tree and relaxation algorithms for point matching using different distance metrics

We have developed a polynomial time optimal method for a class of attributed graph matching problems using the junction tree algorithm from graphical models. In this paper we compare this method with standard probabilistic relaxation labeling using different forms of point metrics and under different levels of additive noise. Results show that, no matter which of the metrics is applied, our technique is more effective than probabilistic relaxation labeling for large graph sizes. For small graph sizes, our technique is still preferable for two of the metrics, while for the third one both techniques perform similarly.
Efficient linear circuit analysis by Pade´ approximation via the Lanczos process

In this paper, we introduce PVL, an algorithm for computing the Pad6 approximation of Laplace-domain transfer functions of large linear networks via a Lanczos process. The PVL algorithm has significantly superior numerical stability, while retaining the same efficiency as algorithms that compute the Pad6 approximation directly through moment matching, such as AWE (l), (2) and its derivatives. As a consequence, it produces more accurate and higher-order approximations, and it renders unnecessary many of the heuristics that AWE and its derivatives had to employ. The algorithm also computes an error bound that permits to identify the true poles and zeros of the original network. We present results of numerical experiments with the PVL algorithm for several large examples.
Wolbachia run amok.

Symbiotic associations between microorganisms and higher eukaryotes are extremely common, and they range from mutualistic (beneficial) to commensal (neutral) and parasitic (harmful). Vertical vs. horizontal transmission mode is believed to play an important role in determining whether parasitic or mutualistic interactions evolve (1–5). According to this view, frequent horizontal (infectious) transmission favors virulent microbes (especially if virulence increases propagule number), whereas vertical (inherited) transmission favors evolution of benign and mutualistic associations. The level of virulence, therefore, is expected to depend on the relative importance of vertical and horizontal transmission for maintenance of the microbe. The process may apply, for example, to bacteriophage and other viruses that have both lytic (horizontal) and lysogenic (vertical) transmission modes (5). A variety of symbiotic microorganisms are known that are predominantly or exclusively transmitted through host reproduction. Examples include Buchnera aphidicola , a nutritional bacterial symbiont of aphids (6), and Wolbachia , a group of intracellular rickettsia found in invertebrates (7). The expectation that vertical transmission will lead to avirulence makes intuitive sense. If the primary mode of transmission of a microbe is through the reproduction of the host, then harming the host will reduce transmission of the microbe, whereas a benign or beneficial effect will enhance transmission. Contrary to this expectation, Min and Benzer (8) report discovering a highly virulent strain of Wolbachia that is vertically transmitted but causes tissue degeneration and adult death in Drosophila melanogaster . Their discovery has several practical and theoretical implications, which are discussed below. But first, some background information is necessary. Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria (rickettsia) that are transmitted within the egg cytoplasm and found in reproductive and other tissues of invertebrates. These remarkable bacteria are extremely common and widespread. They are estimated to occur in 15–20% of insect species (9) and have also been …
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Links Dyslipidemia to Inhibition of Proteasome Activity and Glucose Transport by HIV Protease Inhibitors

The lipid and metabolic disturbances associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor therapy in AIDS have stimulated interest in developing new agents that minimize these side effects in the clinic. The underlying explanation of mechanism remains enigmatic, but a recently described link between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and dysregulation of lipid metabolism suggests a provocative integration of existing and emerging data. We provide new evidence from in vitro models indicating that proteasome inhibition and differential glucose transport blockade by protease inhibitors are proximal events eliciting an ER stress transcriptional response that can regulate lipogenic pathways in hepatocytes or adipocytes. Proteasome activity was inhibited in vitro by several protease inhibitors at clinically relevant (micromolar) levels. In the intact cells, protease inhibitors rapidly elicited a pattern of gene expression diagnostic of intracellular proteasome inhibition and activation of an ER stress response. This included induction of transcription factors GADD153, ATF4, and ATF3; amino acid metabolic enzymes; proteasome components; and certain ER chaperones. In hepatocyte lines, the ER stress response was closely linked to moderate increases in lipogenic and cholesterogenic gene expression. However, in adipocytes where GLUT4 was directly inhibited by some protease inhibitors, time-dependent suppression of lipogenic genes and triglyceride synthesis was observed in coordination with the ER stress response. These results further link ER stress to dyslipidemia and contribute to a unifying mechanism for the pathophysiology of protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy, helping explain differences in clinical metabolic profiles among protease inhibitors.
Communication lower bounds and optimal algorithms for programs that reference arrays - Part 1

Abstract : Communication, i.e., moving data, between levels of a memory hierarchy or between parallel processors on a network, can greatly dominate the cost of computation, so algorithms that minimize communication can run much faster (and use less energy) than algorithms that do not. Motivated by this, attainable communication lower bounds were established in [12, 13, 4] for a variety of algorithms including matrix computations. The lower bound approach used initially in [13] for Theta(N3) matrix multiplication, and later in [4] for many other linear algebra algorithms, depended on a geometric result by Loomis and Whitney [16]: this result bounded the volume of a 3D set (representing multiply-adds done in the inner loop of the algorithm) using the product of the areas of certain 2D projections of this set (representing the matrix entries available locally, i.e., without communication). Using a recent generalization of Loomis' and Whitney's result, we generalize this lower bound approach to a much larger class of algorithms, that may have arbitrary numbers of loops and arrays with arbitrary dimensions as long as the index expressions are a ne combinations of loop variables. In other words, the algorithm can do arbitrary operations on any number of variables like A(i(sub 1), i(sub 2), i(sub 2) - 2i(sub 1), 3 - 4i(sub 3) + 7i(sub 4), . ). Moreover, the result applies to recursive programs, irregular iteration spaces, sparse matrices, and other data structures as long as the computation can be logically mapped to loops and indexed data structure accesses. We also discuss when optimal algorithms exist that attain the lower bounds; this leads to new asymptotically faster algorithms for several problems.
The myers-briggs type indicator

This profile is designed to help you understand your results on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment. Based on your individual responses, the MBTI instrument produces results to identify which of sixteen different personality types best describes you. Your personality type represents your preferences in four separate categories, with each category composed of two opposite poles. The four categories describe key areas that combine to form the basis of a person's personality as follows: