Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Shape Bias as a Word-Learning Principle: Lessons From and for Autism Spectrum Disorder

The shape bias is a mechanism that young children use when learning new words. Recent studies have suggested that some children with developmental disorders show difficulties with the shape bias. In the present paper, we focused on vocabulary learning and the shape bias in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, we discuss the theory and background for the shape bias as a word-learning mechanism in young children and then we provide some suggestions for possible remediations for children with ASD.
The frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project.

BACKGROUND In 2007, the California Encephalitis Project (CEP), which was established to study the epidemiology of encephalitis, began identifying cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. Increasing numbers of anti-NMDAR encephalitis cases have been identified at the CEP, and this form rivals commonly known viral etiologies as a causal agent. We report here the relative frequency and differences among encephalitides caused by anti-NMDAR and viral etiologies within the CEP experience. METHODS Demographic, frequency, and clinical data from patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis are compared with those with viral encephalitic agents: enterovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and West Nile virus (WNV). All examined cases presented to the CEP between September 2007 and February 2011 and are limited to individuals aged ≤30 years because of the predominance of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in this group. The diagnostic costs incurred in a single case are also included. RESULTS Anti-NMDAR encephalitis was identified >4 times as frequently as HSV-1, WNV, or VZV and was the leading entity identified in our cohort. We found that 65% of anti-NMDAR encephalitis occurred in patients aged ≤18 years. This disorder demonstrated a predilection, which was not observed with viral etiologies, for females (P < .01). Seizures, language dysfunction, psychosis, and electroencephalographic abnormalities were significantly more frequent in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (P < .05), and autonomic instability occurred exclusively in this group. DISCUSSION Anti-NMDAR encephalitis rivals viral etiologies as a cause of encephalitis within the CEP cohort. This entity deserves a prominent place on the encephalitic differential diagnosis to avoid unnecessary diagnostic and treatment costs, and to permit a more timely treatment.
Class Size, Education, and Wages

This paper examines the effects of class size on the decision to stay on in full time schooling at the age of 16 and on wages at later stages in life. Little research exists on the effect of school quality on career decisions, although it has potentially important long term implications. We use micro data for England and Wales that contain an unusually rich set of variables on parental background and previous achievements. We find that class size, measured as the pupil-teacher ratio at the school level, has a sizeable and significant effect on the decision to remain in full time education beyond the minimum age. This finding is very robust and persists when school type variables, exam results, and results from past ability tests are controlled for. We also estimate wage equations including the staying on decision at age 16 as one of the explanatory variables. The effect of staying on is significantly positive for wages at age 33 and age 42, and for females also at age 23. Combining this effect with the effect of class size on the staying on decision, our results reveal that class size significantly affects future wages. Reduced form models in which wages are directly regressed on class size lead to much less accurate and generally insignificant estimates.
SUBMILLIMETER OBSERVATIONS OF THE QUIESCENT CORE—OPHIUCHUS A-N6

We have observed the Oph A-N6 prestellar core in the following transitions: N2D+ J= 3 → 2, DCO+ J= 3 → 2 and J= 5 → 4, HCO+ J= 3 → 2, CS J= 5 → 4 and J= 7 → 6, and H13CO+ J= 3 → 2 and J= 4 → 3, using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We also observed the NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion transitions toward the Oph A-N6 peak with the Green Bank Telescope. We have found that the N6 core is composed of shells of different chemical composition due to the freezing out of chemical species at different densities. The undepleted species N2D+ appears to trace the high-density interior of the core, DCO+ and H13CO+ trace an intermediate region, and CS traces the outermost edges of the core. A distinct blue–red spectral asymmetry, indicative of infall motion, is clearly detected in the HCO+ spectra, suggesting that N6 is undergoing gravitational collapse. This collapse was possibly initiated by a decrease in turbulent support suggested by the fact that the nonthermal contribution to the line widths is smaller for the molecular species closer to the center of the core. We also present a temperature profile for the core. These observations support the claim that the Oph A-N6 core is an extremely young prestellar core, which may have been recently cutoff from magnetohydrodynamic support and begun to collapse.
Development of a set of mobile phone text messages designed for new fathers

Abstract Objective: The project aimed to test of the quality and acceptability of researcher-developed Short Message Service (SMS) messages designed to support fathers of infants aged 12 months or less. Background: The findings of previous studies suggest antenatal and postnatal depression among fathers’ impacts negatively on the health of family members. Method: Draft messages were first modified based on expert review. In a second phase, parents (mothers n = 56; fathers n = 46; unknown n = 4) were recruited through two early childhood parenting services to rate the clarity, usefulness and relevance of the 70 SMS messages using a paper-based survey. In a third phase, 15 fathers were recruited to receive texts at different times over three weeks. Results: Findings suggest that SMS items were easily understood by the majority of parents, with only 3% of responses indicating an item was ‘not easily understood’. Feedback from parents indicated that negatively rated SMS messages were considered as either poorly phrased, lacking enough information or as not offering sufficient support. The majority (88%) of the SMS items were also rated as ‘useful’ by the parents. Conclusion: Fathers’ responses indicated that receiving the texts at different times was acceptable and that message content was relevant to their fathering. The study has produced a set of brief text messages suitable and acceptable to new fathers and their partners.
Early piribedil monotherapy of Parkinson's disease: A planned seven‐month report of the REGAIN study

Piribedil is a D2 dopamine agonist, which has been shown to improve symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) when combined with L‐dopa. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of piribedil monotherapy to placebo in patients with early PD over a 7‐month period. Four hundred and five early PD patients were randomized (double‐blind) to piribedil (150–300 mg/day) or placebo. L‐dopa open‐label supplementation was permitted. Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III) score as the last observation on monotherapy over 7 months was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes were proportion of responders (UPDRS III improvement > 30%), patients remaining on monotherapy after 7 months, UPDRS III subscores, and UPDRS II. UPDRS III improved on piribedil (−4.9 points) versus a worsening on placebo (2.6 points; estimated effect = 7.26 points; 95% CI = 5.38–9.14; P < 0.0001). The proportion of responders was significantly higher for piribedil (42%) than for placebo (14%) (OR = 4.69; 95% CI = 2.82–7.80; P < 0.001). Piribedil significantly improved several UPDRS III subscores. UPDRS II improved on piribedil by −1.2 points, while it deteriorated by 1.5 points on placebo (estimated effect = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.8–3.62; P < 0.0001). The proportion of patients remaining on monotherapy after 7 months was greater in the piribedil group (OR = 3.72; 95% CI = 2.26–6.11; P < 0.001). Safety was consistent with that reported for other dopamine agonists, gastrointestinal side effects being the most common (22% of patients in piribedil group vs. 14% on placebo). Piribedil is effective and safe as early PD therapy. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
The influence of service employees’ nonverbal communication on customer-employee rapport in the service encounter

Purpose Rapport between service employees and customers has been suggested to be an important determinant of customer relationship management, yet existing marketing literature still lacks a sufficient understanding of how service employees’ nonverbal communication affects customer-employee rapport development in service encounters. The purpose of this paper is to fill this research gap by proposing and testing a model that explores how service employees’ nonverbal communication (employee affective delivery and behavioral mimicry) influences customer positive emotions and customer-employee rapport. The mediating role of customer positive emotions and the moderating role of store atmosphere in the process of customer-employee rapport development were also assessed. Design/methodology/approach Using an observational methodology in conjunction with a customer survey, multi-source survey data collected from 303 customer-employee pairs in the apparel retailing industry was examined through structural equation modeling and regression analysis. Findings Results showed that employee nonverbal communication positively influenced customer positive emotions and customer-employee rapport. The partial mediating role of customer positive emotions and the moderating role of store atmosphere in the process of rapport development were also confirmed. Practical implications Service firms should train and motivate employees to use nonverbal communication to develop and strengthen customer-employee rapport. The importance of customer positive emotions in the service process should be addressed in the customer-employee rapport development process. Moreover, service managers should also allocate firm resources to create a well-designed store atmosphere for target customers. Originality/value This research represents one of the earliest studies to explore and empirically test the influence of employee nonverbal communication on customer-employee rapport development in service encounters. The partial mediating role of customer positive emotions and the moderating role of store atmosphere on the relationship between employee nonverbal communication and customer-employee rapport were also proposed and confirmed.
FEATURE EXTRACTION OF FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING THROUGH UNSUPERVISED NEURAL NETWORKS

The objective of this study is to apply an unsupervised neural network tool to analyze fraudulent financial reporting (FFR) by extracting distinguishing features from samples of groups of companies and converting them into useful in- formation for FFR detection. This methodology can be used as a decision support tool to help build an FFR identification model or other financial fraud or financial distress scenarios. The three stages of the proposed quantitative analysis approach are as follows: the data-preprocessing stage; the clustering stage, which uses an unsupervised neural network tool known as a growing hierarchical self-organizing map (GHSOM) to cluster sample observations into subgroups with hierarchical re- lationships; and the feature-extraction stage, which uncovers common features of each subgroup via principle component analysis. This study uses the hierarchal topology mapping ability of a GHSOM to cluster financial data, and it adopts principal component analysis to determine common embedded features and fraud patterns. The results show that the proposed three-stage approach is helpful in revealing embedded features and fraud patterns, using a set of significant explana- tory financial indicators and the proportion of fraud. The revealed features can be used to distinguish distinctive groups.
Towards Secure Collaboration in Federated Cloud Environments

Public administrations across Europe are actively following and adopting cloud paradigms. By establishing modern data centers and consolidating their infrastructures, many organizations already benefit from cloud computing. However, there is a growing need to further support the consolidation and sharing of resources across different public entities or corporations. The ever increasing volume of processed data and diversity of organizational interactions stress this need even further, calling for the integration on infrastructure, data and services level. This is currently hindered by strict requirements in the field of data security and privacy. In this paper, we present ongoing work enabling secure private cloud federations for public administrations, performed in the scope of the SUNFISH H2020 project. We focus on architectural components and processes that establish cross-organizational enforcement of data security policies in heterogeneous environments. Our proposal introduces proactive restriction of data flows in federated environments by integrating real-time based security policy enforcement and its post-execution conformance verification. The goal of this framework is to enable secure service integration and data exchange in cross-entity contexts by inspecting data flows and assuring their conformance with security policies, both on organizational and federation level.
Nasal Colonization of Humans with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CC398 with and without Exposure to Pigs

Background Studies in several European countries and in North America revealed a frequent nasal colonization of livestock with MRSA CC398 and also in humans with direct professional exposure to colonized animals. The study presented here addresses the question of further transmission to non exposed humans. Methods After selecting 47 farms with colonized pigs in different regions of Germany we sampled the nares of 113 humans working daily with pigs and of their 116 non exposed family members. The same was performed in 18 veterinarians attending pig farms and in 44 of their non exposed family members. For investigating transmission beyond families we samples the nares of 462 pupils attending a secondary school in a high density pig farming area. MRSA were detected by direct culture on selective agar. The isolates were typed by means of spa-sequence typing and classification of SCCmec elements. For attribution of spa sequence types to clonal lineages as defined by multi locus sequence typing we used the BURP algorithm. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by microbroth dilution assay. Results At the farms investigated 86% of humans exposed and only 4.3% of their family members were found to carry MRSA exhibiting spa-types corresponding to clonal complex CC398. Nasal colonization was also found in 45% of veterinarians caring for pig farms and in 9% of their non exposed family members. Multivariate analysis revealed that antibiotic usage prior to sampling beard no risk with respect to colonization. From 462 pupils only 3 were found colonized, all 3 were living on pig farms. Conclusion These results indicate that so far the dissemination of MRSA CC398 to non exposed humans is infrequent and probably does not reach beyond familial communities.
Effectiveness of group play therapy on depression and loneliness in 7-11 years old children with post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD caused by sexual abuse in Tehran.

Background and objective: Recent studies have shown that one of the major effects of child sexual abuse is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be associated with depression and loneliness, which, if untreated, lead to longterm complications. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of group play therapy on depression and loneliness in 7-11 years old children with PTSD caused by sexual abuse in Tehran. Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test, posttest and follow-up design using a control group that was done in 2015. 34 children with PTSD due to sexual abuse were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated in 7 sessions with each 1.5 hours by Group play therapy. Loneliness Questionnaire and Children’s Depression Inventory were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using analysis of covariance method. Results: There was significant difference between depression and loneliness in the experimental and control groups (p = 0.000, F = 10.646), (p = 0.000, F = 29.54). By eliminating the effect of pre-test in the follow-up phase, the treatment effect was maintained. Conclusion: Group play therapy can effectively reduce depression and loneliness in children with PTSD. Paper Type: Research Article.
High PEEP in acute respiratory distress syndrome: quantitative evaluation between improved arterial oxygenation and decreased oxygen delivery

Background Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is widely used to improve oxygenation and prevent alveolar collapse in mechanically ventilated patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although PEEP improves arterial oxygenation predictably, high-PEEP strategies have demonstrated equivocal improvements in ARDS-related mortality. The effect of PEEP on tissue oxygen delivery is poorly understood and is difficult to quantify or investigate in the clinical environment. Methods We investigated the effects of PEEP on tissue oxygen delivery in ARDS using a new, high-fidelity, computational model with highly integrated respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The model was configured to replicate published clinical trial data on the responses of 12 individual ARDS patients to changes in PEEP. These virtual patients were subjected to increasing PEEP levels during a lung-protective ventilation strategy (0–20 cm H2O). Measured variables included arterial oxygenation, cardiac output, peripheral oxygen delivery, and alveolar strain. Results As PEEP increased, tissue oxygen delivery decreased in all subjects (mean reduction of 25% at 20 cm H2O PEEP), despite an increase in arterial oxygen tension (mean increase 6.7 kPa at 20 cm H2O PEEP). Changes in arterial oxygenation and tissue oxygen delivery differed between subjects but showed a consistent pattern. Static and dynamic alveolar strain decreased in all patients as PEEP increased. Conclusions Incremental PEEP in ARDS appears to protect alveoli and improve arterial oxygenation, but also appears to impair tissue oxygen delivery significantly because of reduced cardiac output. We propose that this trade-off may explain the poor improvements in mortality associated with high-PEEP ventilation strategies.
Developed impedance-type power inverter

Switched Inductor and Switched capacitor Z source inverter are recent inverter topologies that have attracted many researchers as they have better boosting ability and near sinusoidal output wave forms. The technique of developed impedance type power inverter to enlarge voltage adjustability. The proposed inverter employs a unique impedance network to couple between main circuit and power source. This paper deals with analysis of developed impedance with/without shoot through state compared to classical Z-source inverter. Further new extended topologies are also proposed to increases the voltage boost inversion ability significantly. Only very short shoot through state is required which is beneficial to improving the output power quality. A detailed topology analysis and a generalized discussion are given. Both simulation and experimental result verify the analytical results.
Phase‐resolved spectroscopy of the helium dwarf nova ‘SN 2003aw’ in quiescence

High time resolution spectroscopic observations of the ultracompact helium dwarf nova 'SN 2003aw' in its quiescent state at V similar to 20.5 reveal its orbital period at 2027.8 +/- 0.5 s or 33.80 min. Together with the photometric 'superhump' period of 2041.5 +/- 0.5 s, this implies a mass ratio q approximate to 0.036. We compare both the average and time-resolved spectra of 'SN 2003aw' and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) J124058.03-015919.2. Both show a DB white dwarf spectrum plus an optically thin, helium-dominated accretion disc. 'SN 2003aw' distinguishes itself from the SDSS source by its strong calcium H & K emission lines, suggesting higher abundances of heavy metals than the SDSS source. The silicon and iron emission lines observed in the SDSS source are about twice as strong in 'SN 2003aw'. The peculiar 'double bright spot' accretion disc feature seen in the SDSS source is also present in time-resolved spectra of 'SN 2003aw', albeit much weaker.
Trading Tests of Long-Term Market Forecast by Text Mining

We propose a new approach for analyzing the Japanese government bond (JGB) market using text-mining technology. First, we extracted the feature vectors of the monthly reports from the Bank of Japan (BOJ). Then, the trends in the JGB market were estimated by a regression analysis using the feature vectors. As a result of comparison with support vector regression and other methods, the proposal method could forecast in higher accuracy about both the level and direction of long-term market trends. Moreover, our method showed high returns with annual rate averages as a result of the implementation test.
Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Cell Homeostasis in a Mouse Model of Cigarette Smoke Exposure

Background Skeletal muscle dysfunction is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease mainly caused by chronic cigarette use. An important proportion of patients with COPD have decreased muscle mass, suggesting that chronic cigarette smoke exposure may interfere with skeletal muscle cellular equilibrium. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the kinetic of the effects that cigarette smoke exposure has on skeletal muscle cell signaling involved in protein homeostasis and to assess the reversibility of these effects. Methods A mouse model of cigarette smoke exposure was used to assess skeletal muscle changes. BALB/c mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or room air for 8 weeks, 24 weeks or 24 weeks followed by 60 days of cessation. The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were collected and the activation state of key mediators involved in protein synthesis and degradation was assessed. Results Gastrocnemius and soleus were smaller in mice exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 and 24 weeks compared to room air exposed animals. Pro-degradation proteins were induced at the mRNA level after 8 and 24 weeks. Twenty-four weeks of cigarette smoke exposure induced pro-degradation proteins and reduced Akt phosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase-3β quantity. A 60-day smoking cessation period reversed the cell signaling alterations induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Conclusions Repeated cigarette smoke exposure induces reversible muscle signaling alterations that are dependent on the duration of the cigarette smoke exposure. These results highlights a beneficial aspect associated with smoking cessation.
Globale Konkurrenz at Home : Umbrüche im Geschlechterverhältnis bei der Organisation von Dienstleistungsarbeit

Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Goldmann, Monika: Globale Konkurrenz at Home: Umbrüche im Geschlechterverhältnis bei der Organisation von Dienstleistungsarbeit. In: Hradil, Stefan (Ed.) ; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie (DGS) (Ed.): Differenz und Integration: die Zukunft moderner Gesellschaften ; Verhandlungen des 28. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Dresden 1996. Frankfurt am Main : Campus Verl. , 1997. ISBN 3-593-35852-2, 764-778. https://nbnresolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-139789