Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Hypotension during Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: An Effective Technique Using Combination Phenylephrine Infusion and Crystalloid Cohydration

Background: Many methods for preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery have been investigated, but no single technique has proven to be effective and reliable. This randomized study studied the efficacy of combining simultaneous rapid crystalloid infusion (cohydration) with a high-dose phenylephrine infusion. Methods: Nonlaboring patients scheduled to undergo elective cesarean delivery received an intravenous infusion of 100 &mgr;g/min phenylephrine that was started immediately after spinal injection and titrated to maintain systolic blood pressure near baseline values until uterine incision. In addition, patients received infusion of lactated Ringer's solution that was given either rapidly (group 1, n = 57) or at a minimal maintenance rate (group 0, n = 55). Maternal hemodynamic changes and neonatal condition were compared. Results: Six patients were excluded from analysis. Only 1 of 53 patients (1.9% [95% confidence interval, 0.3–9.9%]) in group 1 experienced hypotension versus 15 of 53 patients (28.3% [95% confidence interval, 18.0–41.6%]) in group 0 (P = 0.0001). Compared with group 0, patients in group 1 had greater values for the following: serial measurements of systolic blood pressure (P = 0.02), minimum recorded systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0002), and minimum recorded heart rate (P = 0.013). Total phenylephrine consumption was smaller in group 1 compared with group 0 (P = 0.008). Neonatal outcome and maternal side effects were similar between groups. Conclusions: Combination of a high-dose phenylephrine infusion and rapid crystalloid cohydration is the first technique to be described that is effective for preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.
Prucalopride Is Effective in Patients with Severe Chronic Constipation in Whom Laxatives Fail to Provide Adequate Relief

Background: Chronic constipation (CC) is common and there is a need for more effective and better-tolerated agents that normalize bowel function without affecting secretion. Prucalopride is a novel, selective serotonin4 receptor agonist with enterokinetic properties. Aims: Pilot study to compare the efficacy and tolerability of prucalopride and placebo in patients with severe CC referred to a tertiary centre. Methods: After 4-weeks’ run in, patients were randomized to 4 weeks’ once daily, double-blind treatment with either prucalopride 4 mg (n = 27) or placebo (n = 26). A 50% dose reduction after 2 weeks’ treatment was possible for patients with an excessive gastrointestinal response to the study medication (severe cramps, abdominal pain, and diarrhea). Patients assessed efficacy using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and recorded bowel function in daily diaries. The investigator assessed efficacy and total gut transit time (marker study). Results: Patient VAS assessment demonstrated that prucalopride was significantly more effective than placebo in softening stools, and decreasing straining and time to first stool. Prucalopride also had a positive effect on stool frequency, feeling of complete evacuation and total gut transit time, although these differences were not statistically significant compared with placebo. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal symptoms and headache; most were mild to moderate. There were no clinically relevant effects on cardiovascular or laboratory parameters. Conclusions: Once-daily prucalopride 4 mg for 4 weeks is effective and well tolerated in patients with severe CC. It improves whole gut transit, reducing straining, softening stools and reducing time to first bowel movement.
Decoding spatial attention with EEG and virtual acoustic space

Decoding spatial attention based on brain signals has wide applications in brain–computer interface (BCI). Previous BCI systems mostly relied on visual patterns or auditory stimulation (e.g., loudspeakers) to evoke synchronous brain signals. There would be difficulties to cover a large range of spatial locations with such a stimulation protocol. The present study explored the possibility of using virtual acoustic space and a visual‐auditory matching paradigm to overcome this issue. The technique has the flexibility of generating sound stimulation from virtually any spatial location. Brain signals of eight human subjects were obtained with a 32‐channel Electroencephalogram (EEG). Two amplitude‐modulated noise or speech sentences carrying distinct spatial information were presented concurrently. Each sound source was tagged with a unique modulation phase so that the phase of the recorded EEG signals indicated the sound being attended to. The phase‐tagged sound was further filtered with head‐related transfer functions to create the sense of virtual space. Subjects were required to pay attention to the sound source that best matched the location of a visual target. For all the subjects, the phase of a single sound could be accurately reflected over the majority of electrodes based on EEG responses of 90 s or less. The electrodes providing significant decoding performance on auditory attention were fewer and may require longer EEG responses. The reliability and efficiency of decoding with a single electrode varied with subjects. Overall, the virtual acoustic space protocol has the potential of being used in practical BCI systems.
Title Interleukin-6 upregulates the expression of PMP 22 in cultured rat Schwanncells via a JAK 2-dependent pathway

*KURAに登録されているコンテンツの利用については,著作権法に規定されている私的使用や引用などの範囲内で行ってください。 *著作権法に規定されている私的使用や引用などの範囲を超える利用を行う場合には,著作権者の許諾を得てください。 ただし,著作権者 から著作権等管理事業者(学術著作権協会,日本著作出版権管理システムなど)に権利委託されているコンテンツの利用手続については ,各著作権等管理事業者に確認してください。 Title Interleukin-6 upregulates the expression of PMP22 in cultured rat Schwann cells via a JAK2-dependent pathway Author(s) Ito, Takaaki; Ikeda, Kazuo; Tomita, Katsuro; Yokoyama, Shigeru Citation Neuroscience Letters, 472(2): 104-108 Issue Date 2010-03-19 Type Journal Article Text version author URL http://hdl.handle. net/2297/21587 Right
Secondary Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Infection, Japan, 2010–2012

To evaluate the potential public health risk caused by secondary Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in Japan, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of STEC isolated from healthy adults during 2010–2012. Although prevalence among healthy adults was high, most STEC organisms displayed characteristics rarely found in isolates from symptomatic patients.
IRL-based Prediction of Goals for Dynamic Environments

Understanding activities of people in a monitored environment is a topic of active research, motivated by applications requiring context-awareness. Inferring future agent motion is useful not only for improving tracking accuracy, but also for planning in an interactive motion task. Despite rapid advances in the area of activity forecasting, many stateof-the-art methods are still cumbersome for use on realistic robots. This is due to the requirement of having good semantic scene and map labelling, as well as assumptions made regarding possible goals and types of motion. Many emerging applications require robots with modest sensory and computational ability to robustly perform such activity forecasting in high density and dynamic environments. We address this by combining a novel multi-camera tracking method, efficient multi-resolution representations of state and a standard Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) technique, to demonstrate performance that is sometimes better than the state-of-the-art in the literature. In this framework, the IRL method uses agent trajectories from a distributed tracker, and the output reward functions, describing the agent’s goal-oriented navigation within a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model, can be used to estimate the agent’s set of possible future activities. We conclude with a quantitative evaluation comparing the proposed method against others from the literature.
Precision Scaling of Neural Networks for Efficient Audio Processing

While deep neural networks have shown powerful performance in many audio applications, their large computation and memory demand has been a challenge for real-time processing. In this paper, we study the impact of scaling the precision of neural networks on the performance of two common audio processing tasks, namely, voice-activity detection and single-channel speech enhancement. We determine the optimal pair of weight/neuron bit precision by exploring its impact on both the performance and processing time. Through experiments conducted with real user data, we demonstrate that deep neural networks that use lower bit precision significantly reduce the processing time (up to 30x). However, their performance impact is low (< 3.14%) only in the case of classification tasks such as those present in voice activity detection.
The relation between family functioning and psychological adjustment in children with asthma and children with diabetes

The Relation between Family Functioning and Psychological Adjustment in Children with Asthma and Children with Diabetes. (December 2005) Eve Nicole Fontaine, B.A., Tulane University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Karla Anhalt Dr. Michael Ash The goals of this study were to evaluate the relationships among family functioning, psychological adjustment, and health-related quality of life in children with asthma and children with diabetes. A secondary goal of this study was to examine the relations between illness severity, psychological adjustment, and health-related quality of life in the children with asthma. Participants included 41 children with asthma and 109 children with diabetes, and one primary caregiver of each child. Questionnaires were given to children to assess their levels of anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life. Questionnaires pertaining to parenting stress, family functioning, and psychological adjustment also were completed by the participating primary caregiver. Results suggested these two groups of children do not differ in their psychological adjustment, family functioning, or health-related quality of life. Normal levels of anxiety and depression were reported, which both supports and contradicts current research in this area. Additionally, parenting stress mediated the relationship between family cohesion and parent-reported depression in children with diabetes; however, this result was not obtained in the children with asthma. In children with diabetes, significant relationships were found between self-reported anxiety and parenting stress and between
Merging Hierarchies Using Object Placement

Objects are often organized in a hierarchy to help in managing or browsing them. For example, products in a store can be divided by type (electronics, clothes, books, .) and then by brand (Sony, Epson, Dockers, .). Web pages at a site can also be placed in a hierarchy. For instance, a French tourist site may have categories cities, history, hotels, tours; within the cities category we have pages divided by city, and then by events, maps, restaurants. In this paper we study the problem of hierarchy integration, in particular, how to combine two related hierarchies into one, more comprehensive one. The need to integrate arises in many situations where the objects come from different systems. In our product hierarchy examplFrench tourism sitese above, we may want to provide a comparison shopping service that offers products from two stores; in our tourism example, we may want to build a meta- web-site that combines the resources of two or more French tourism sites. To simplify the problem, we study how to merge one hierarchy into a second known base hierarchy, by copying references to objects into the base hierarchy, and perhaps by adding some categories into the base hierarchy.
Staphylococcus aureus Serves as an Iron Source for Pseudomonas aeruginosa during In Vivo Coculture

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen often infecting the lungs of individuals with the heritable disease cystic fibrosis and the peritoneum of individuals undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Often these infections are not caused by colonization with P. aeruginosa alone but instead by a consortium of pathogenic bacteria. Little is known about growth and persistence of P. aeruginosa in vivo, and less is known about the impact of coinfecting bacteria on P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and physiology. In this study, a rat dialysis membrane peritoneal model was used to evaluate the in vivo transcriptome of P. aeruginosa in monoculture and in coculture with Staphylococcus aureus. Monoculture results indicate that approximately 5% of all P. aeruginosa genes are differentially regulated during growth in vivo compared to in vitro controls. Included in this analysis are genes important for iron acquisition and growth in low-oxygen environments. The presence of S. aureus caused decreased transcription of P. aeruginosa iron-regulated genes during in vivo coculture, indicating that the presence of S. aureus increases usable iron for P. aeruginosa in this environment. We propose a model where P. aeruginosa lyses S. aureus and uses released iron for growth in low-iron environments.
Can Night-Time Light Data Identify Typologies of Urbanization? A Global Assessment of Successes and Failures

The world is rapidly urbanizing, but there is no single urbanization process. Rather, urban areas in different regions of the world are undergoing myriad types of transformation processes. The purpose of this paper is to examine how well data from DMSP/OLS nighttime lights (NTL) can identify different types of urbanization processes. Although data from DMSP/OLS NTL are increasingly used for the study of urban areas, to date there is no systematic assessment of how well these data identify different types of urban change. Here, we randomly select 240 sample locations distributed across all world regions to generate urbanization typologies with the DMSP/OLS NTL data and use Google Earth imagery to assess the validity of the NTL results. Our results indicate that where urbanization occurred, NTL have a high accuracy (93%) of characterizing these changes. There is also a relatively high error of commission (42%), where NTL identified urban change when no change occurred. This leads to an overestimation of urbanization by NTL. Our analysis shows that time series NTL data more accurately identifies urbanization in developed countries, but is less accurate in developing countries, suggesting the need to exert caution when using or interpreting NTL in developing countries.
Design and evaluation of routing schemes for dependable real-time connections

Dependability of service (DoS) has become an important requirement for real-time applications, such as remote medical services, business-critical network meetings and command-and-control applications. The Dependable Real-Time Protocol (DRTP), in which each dependable real-time connection is realized with one primary and one or more backup channels, has been shown to be an effective way of providing DoS. How to route both primary and backup channels for each dependable real-time connection is of vital importance to the success of failure recovery and to overhead reduction in providing DoS. In this paper, we propose and evaluate three different schemes for routing the primary and backup channels of each dependable real-time connection. Specifically, we present methods based on link-state information and bounded flooding to discover routes for the primary and backup channels while satisfying the required quality of service (QoS). The costs of the link-state and flooding algorithms are reduced significantly by using the fact that the probability of success in failure recovery can be estimated with simple link-state information, and by bounding the flooded region within an ellipse with the two communication end-points as loci. Our in-depth simulations have shown that the proposed routing schemes are highly effective, providing a fault tolerance of 87% or higher with a network capacity overhead of less than 85%.
Physiologic disposition of nabilone, a cannabinol derivative, in man

Nabilone is a cannabinoid that is being evaluated in man as a potentially useful psychoactive drug. We found that nabilone was readily absorbed from the human gastrointestinal tract when administered orally as a coprecipitate with polyvinyl‐pyrrolidone. The absorbed drug disappearedfrom plasma rather rapidly (half‐life, approximately 2 hr), evidently due to extensive tissue distribution and rapid metabolism. The metabolites of nabilone persist in plasma for extended periods (half‐life of total radioactivity exceeds 20 hr). Circulating metabolites include isomeric carbinols formed by reduction of the ketone in the 9‐position of nabilone. Nabilone is eliminated in feces (about 65% of dose) and urine (20%). The excretory products in urine have not been identified, but metabolites that are labile to hydrolysis by β‐glucuronidase or sulfatase do not appear to be formed in signijicant amounts. A metabolite of nabilone in fixes has been identified as a diol formed by reduction of the 9‐keto group plus oxidation at the penultimate carbon of the dimethylheptyl side chain. The long duration of action of nabilone in the face of rapid and extensive metabolic elimination suggests that the pharmacologic effects, at least in part, may be exerted by one or more active metabolites.
Prevalences of overweight and obesity among children in remote Aboriginal communities in central Australia.

INTRODUCTION The chronic diseases associated with overweight and obesity are major contributors to the excess disease burden of Aboriginal Australians. Surveillance of overweight and obesity is required to monitor these conditions, and to develop and evaluate interventions to improve health and wellbeing. Remote Aboriginal communities in Australia's Northern Territory (NT) are where approximately two-thirds of the NT Aboriginal people live, a proportion which has been stable over many years. However the remote communities suffer significant socioeconomic disadvantage including limited education and employment opportunities, and poor quality and overcrowded housing. Approximately one-third of Aboriginal people in NT live in central Australia, which consists of the Alice Springs and Barkly districts. The Healthy School-Aged Kids Program includes health promotion and child health screening, and is run in remote Aboriginal communities of NT. This report provides estimates of prevalences of overweight and obesity among children in central Australia who participated in health checks as part of Healthy School-Aged Kids Program in 2010. METHODS All children in remote central Australian Aboriginal communities were invited to participate in health checks. Children who attended were weighed and measured. Date of birth, sex, height and weight for each child were used to determine prevalence of overweight (≥+1 standard deviation [SD] BMI-for-age) and obesity (≥+2 SD BMI-for-age) according to WHO Growth standards. Differences in proportions of overweight and obesity by age group and sex, and their statistical significance were calculated. RESULTS Weight, height, sex and age data were available for 996 children from a population of 1764. It was found that 22.1% of girls and 20.7% of boys were overweight; and 5.1% of girls and 5.8% of boys were obese as defined by BMI-for-age. Prevalence of overweight but not obesity increased with age (for overweight z=3.28, p=0.0011; for obesity z=0.68; p=0.50). CONCLUSION The prevalences of overweight and obesity as estimated by BMI-for-age among children in remote central Australian Aboriginal communities were compared with those in other Australian surveys. They appear unlikely to reflect future relative risk of the chronic diseases with which overweight and obesity are associated. Routine collection of data on BMI-for-age may not provide adequate estimation of future risk of chronic disease burden attributable to overweight and obesity among these children. Alternative measures for surveillance for overweight such as waist circumference may prove more useful. Appropriate interventions to reduce risk of chronic disease are required, including interventions to reduce prevalences of overweight and obesity.
s The Use of Calibration Layers in a Sliding Network

Some neural network problems may seem to require a large frame size compared to frame number, which would ordinarily lead to large statistical problems. Given the right assumptions, a sliding architecture may be used to overcome these difficulties. Sometimes these assumptions are partially broken thus producing non-optimum results. This paper describes one such case where some of the input signals are of unknown calibration. A solution is suggested and then put to the test using an artificial problem. This produced up to a factor of 10 improvement on the errors when compared to the case of a simple sliding architecture.
The Influence of Perceived Characteristics of Innovating on e-Government Adoption

Government agencies around the world are making their services available online. The success of e-Government initiatives is contingent upon citizens’ willingness to adopt these Web-enabled services. This study uses Moore and Benbasat’s (1991) perceived characteristics of innovating constructs to identify factors that influence citizen adoption of e-Government initiatives. To pilot test our adoption model we administered a survey to 140 undergraduate students at an accredited research university. This paper discusses the results of the study and their implications for research and practice.
Design for user empowerment

have noticed that some of the best work comes when there are people with disabilities on the design and development team, contributing to all aspects of the design and implementation, not just as participants in user studies. I call this strong engagement by users design for user empowerment, meaning, in its strongest sense, that the users of the technology are empowered to solve their own accessibility problems. Here, I will try to explain, mostly using examples, why this approach is so powerful. Although I am not disabled, I am very fortunate to have lived around disabled people my entire life. My parents were deaf college graduates and successful professionals. I learned from them that disability is not a tragedy, but rather simply part of the diversity of life. I also learned from them the power of technology to be transformational, not in any kind of medical sense but in a purely social sense. When they and their friends got TTYs, surplus Western Union Teletypewriters attached to acoustic modems, in the early 1970s, they could finally communicate easily at a distance with friends and colleagues around the country by typing, or what we now call texting or instant Insights → It is important for designers of technology for people with disabilities to engage with people with disabilities to achieve the most usable designs. → Better yet is empowering people with disabilities to design and build the technologies themselves. → Two features of design for user empowerment are self-determination and technical expertise. Design for User Empowerment