Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and the Characteristics of Iron/Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

The nanosized Fe magnetic particles were successfully synthesized by traditional carbonyl iron manufacture technique. The active nanoparticles were then effectively passivated to be Fe/Fe3O4 composite structure. The structural characteristics were probed by X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. High-resolution images show that the granular composites exhibit a classical nanoscale chained characteristic. The size of iron core is about 10-20 nm with a Fe3O4 superficial layer no more than 5 nm. The room temperature hysteresis measurement indicates that small-size induced magnetic characteristics of these Fe/Fe3O4 composite powders are very attractive for the potential high frequency application. The electromagnetic properties of the powders measured by a vector network analyzer in the centimeter wave frequency range are also reported in detail.
Diagnosis and characterization of timing-related defects by time-dependent light emission

Technological advances such as flip-chip packaging, multiple hierarchical wiring planes, and ultra-high frequencies reduce the effectiveness of conventional diagnostic techniques. It has recently been demonstrated that light pulses emitted during circuit switching can be used to characterize the behaviour of integrated circuits. In this paper, a new method of circuit characterization using this technique is described. An example of the diagnosis of a timing failure caused by a resistive path to a single transistor is described.
Genetic Profiling Identifies Two Classes of Soft-Tissue Leiomyosarcomas with Distinct Clinical Characteristics

Purpose: Data about the prognostic factors of soft-tissue leiomyosarcomas and their correlation with molecular profile are limited. Experimental Design: From 1990 to 2010, 586 adult patients with a primary soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma were included in the French Sarcoma Group (GSF) database after surgery of the primary tumor. Multivariate analyses were conducted by Cox regression model in a backward stepwise procedure. Genetic profiling was conducted for 73 cases. Results: Median age was 59 years (range, 21–98 years). The median follow-up of patients alive was 46 months. The 5-year metastasis-free survival (MFS) rate was 51% (95% location and grade > I were independent adverse prognostic factors for MFS). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 63% [95% confidence interval (CI), 59–67]. On multivariate analysis, age ≥ 60 years old, tumor size > 5 cm, deep location, and grade > I were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS. Molecular profiling identified specific clusters with activation of different biologic pathways: retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas are characterized by overexpression of genes involved in muscle differentiation and nonretroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas characterized by overexpression of genes mainly involved in extracellular matrix, wounding, and adhesion pathways. The CINSARC signature but not comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) profiling was predictive of outcome. Conclusion: Soft-tissue leiomyosarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with at least two categories, retroperitoneal and extremities leiomyosarcomas, having specific clinical outcome and molecular features. Future clinical trials should consider this heterogeneity for a better stratification of patients. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 1190–6. ©2013 AACR.
Natriuretic peptides in patients with atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate plasma natriuretic peptides (NPs): atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations in patients with paroxysmal, persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS The study groups consisted of 23 patients with paroxysmal AF, 42 patients with permanent AF and 77 patients with persistent AF with normal left ventricular function. The mean ANP level was increased in AF patients in the paroxysmal, persistent and permanent groups: 249 +/- 88.3 pg/mL; 258 +/- 89.7 pg/mL; 208 +/- 76.7 pg/mL, respectively, vs. 67 +/- 21.2 pg/mL in the control subjects (p < 0.001). The mean BNP level was increased in AF patients in the paroxysmal, persistent and permanent groups: 99.6 +/- 29.8 pg/mL; 82.3 +/- 33 pg/mL; 95.6 +/- 46.4 pg/mL, respectively, vs. 37.5 +/- 13 pg/mL in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between ANP levels, maximal left atrial volume, heart rate and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, in the persistent AF patients. A positive correlation between plasma BNP levels and heart failure stage according to NYHA classification in this group was found. Baseline ANP concentrations were positively correlated with baseline BNP concentrations in AF patients. CONCLUSIONS Plasma NPs levels are increased in patients with paroxysmal, persistent and permanent AF and normal left ventricle function, and positively correlated with left atrial volume, heart rate and heart failure stage according to NYHA classification. Neurohormonal assessment does not distinguish the type of arrhythmia.
Elaboration on Elaboration : Event

This paper discusses and clariies the elaboration discourse relation using the notion of event coreference. Unlike entity coreference, event coreference has rarely been studied in detail, except for (pro)nominals referring to an event. Here the focus will be on event coreference between two sentences (in an elaboration relation). This study will put forward unusual linguistic phenomena, e.g. coreference relations between two indeenite NPs or anaphoric relations between predicates or clauses.
Signaling circuitries in development: insights from the retinal determination gene network

Context-specific integration of information received from the Notch, Transforming growth factor β, Wingless/Wnt, Hedgehog and Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways sets the stage for deployment of the retinal determination gene network (RDGN), a group of transcription factors that collectively directs the formation of the eye and other tissues. Recent investigations have revealed how these transcription factors are regulated by their interactions with each other and with effectors of the above signaling pathways. Further study of the RDGN may provide insights into how common cues can generate context-specific responses, a key aspect of developmental regulation that remains poorly understood.
Classification of left ventricular size: diameter or volume with contrast echocardiography?

Background Left ventricular (LV) size is an important clinical variable, commonly assessed at echocardiography by measurement of the internal diameter in diastole (IDD). However, this has recognised limitations and volumetric measurement from apical views is considered superior, particularly with the use of echocardiographic contrast. We sought to determine the agreement in classification of LV size by different measures in a large population of patients undergoing echocardiography. Methods and results Data were analysed retrospectively from consecutive patients (n=2008, 61% male, median 62 years) who received echocardiographic contrast for LV opacification over 3 years in a single institution. Repeat studies were not included. LVIDD was measured, and LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) calculated using Simpson's biplane method. Both measures were indexed (i) to body surface area and categorised according to the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guidelines as normal, mild, moderate or severely dilated. Of 320 patients with a severely dilated LVEDVi, only 95 (30%) were similarly classified by LVIDD, with 86 patients (27%) measuring in the normal range. LVIDDi agreement was poorer, with only 43 patients (13%) classified as being severely dilated, and 173 (54%) measuring in the normal range. Conclusions Currently recommended echocardiographic measures of LV size show limited agreement when classified according to currently recommended cut-offs. LV diameter should have a limited role in the assessment of LV size, particularly where a finding of LV dilation has important diagnostic or therapeutic implications.
Investigación acción con estudiantes de integración social. Una experiencia basada en la relación educativa

The crisis which we live, has prompted an explosion of citizen participation in the collective space. This requires a positive reaction by the educational community and involves a new strategy for social change from the class group, from exploratory and research methodologies that require the dynamic action of individuals. This work is also the main motivations and interests of the students of Higher Level Training Course in Social Integration with the intention of describing a profile and to him the contributions made by the educational relationship. These studies are unknown to most but between their curricular objectives, aims to develop the autonomy of people with a clear allusion to the dynamism in the local space (Arriaga, 2007). We encourage this methodology supported proposals Navarro and Puig (2010), in this respect by stating that the effectiveness of the curriculum are linked to the charisma and affection with which the educator connect achieve the group classroom learning are more effective when the commitment and involvement of teachers are associated with the objectives of the curriculum, since the proximity in the same plane enables the detection of risks, promotes interaction and potentially a key positive development climate projective transform reality and social from the classroom.
How Language Learning Strategies affect English Proficiency in Japanese University Students

The major purposes of this study were(a)to explore which kinds of learning strategies are used by Japanese university students(b)to determine how language proficiency level relate to the use of language-learning strategy(c)to examine if there is a difference in strategy use associated with genderand (d)to offer implications for instruction in a Japanese university classroom. The self-report questionnaire concerning strategies―Oxfords(1990)The Strategies Inventory of Language Learning (SILL)version 7(EFL/ESL)in Japanese translated by Watanabe(1990) ―was used.The Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC)scores were used to measure studentsEnglish proficiency.The tests were conducted in a sample consisting of1951 -to 4 -year students from three different Japanese universities. Five factors are extracted from this study:Factor1Metacognitive-affective strategy;Factor2 Memory-compensation strategy;Factor3Social strategy;Factor4Cognitive strategy;and Factor 5Entrance-exam-measured strategywhich is the idiosyncratic factor among Japanese students. The significant correlation(p<.01p<.05)was found among Metacognitive-Affective strategy and Cognitive strategyand English proficiency.The negative correlation(p<.05)was found between Entrance-exam-measured strategy and English proficiency.There is a difference in strategy use associated with gender.Based upon these findingsthe researcher recommends that more training should be given in using Metacognitive-affective strategy and Cognitive-memory strategy by embed‑ ding them into regular classroom activities.
Robust computation and parametrization of multiple view relations

A new method is presented for robustly estimating multiple view relations from image point correspondences. There are three new contributions, the first is a general purpose method of parametrizing these relations using point correspondences. The second contribution is the formulation of a common Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) for each of the multiple view relations. The parametrization facilitates a constrained optimization to obtain this MLE. The third contribution is a new robust algorithm, MLESAC, for obtaining the point correspondences. The method is general and its use is illustrated for the estimation of fundamental matrices, image to image homographies and quadratic transformations. Results are given for both synthetic and real images. It is demonstrated that the method gives results equal or superior to previous approaches.
Using Visual Representations of Data to Enhance Sensemaking in Data Exploration Tasks

This paper explains how visual representations of data enable individual sensemaking in data exploration tasks. We build upon theories of human perception and cognition, including Cognitive Fit Theory, to explain what aspects of visual representations facilitate sensemaking for the viewer. We make three primary contributions. First, we give a general characterization of visual representations that would be used for data exploration tasks. These representations consist of a scene, objects within the scene, and the characteristics of those objects. Second, we extend Cognitive Fit Theory into the data exploration task domain. We explain that the data exploration task has a number of spatial subtasks including observing data points, looking for patterns or outliers, making inferences, comparing observed facts or patterns to one’s own knowledge, generating hypotheses about the data, and drawing analogies from the context being observed to another context. Third, we offer a set of theoretical propositions about how visual representations of data can serve the sensemaking goal. Specifically, visual representations best facilitate sensemaking in data exploration tasks when they (1) support the four basic human visual perceptual approaches of association, differentiation, ordered perception, and quantitative perception, (2) have strong Gestalt properties, (3) are consistent with the viewer’s stored knowledge, and (4) support analogical reasoning. We propose that visual representations should possess several of these four aspects to make them well-suited for the task of data exploration.
Nucleotide sequence of the 18S-25S spacer region from rDNA of mung bean.

After cloning and restriction mapping of three length heterogenous rDNA-repeats of mung bean (Iigna radiata, formerly Phaseolus aureus), Eco RI/Bam HI-, Bam HI/Xho I- and parts of Sal I-, Xho I, Hpa II-, Sau 3A- and Taq I-fragments out of pRV 2 (1) were sequenced, according to the method of Sanger (2). The coding regions have been determined in homology to the equivalent genes of rice (3). 930 bp have been sequenced, containing the 3'end of 18S rRNA gene, the first internal spacer (ITS1), the 5.8S rRNA gene, the second internal spacer (ITS2) and the 5'end of the 25S rRNA gene (Fig. 1). ITS1 is 205 bp and Ff52 220 bp in length.
The new face of gross anatomy

The nature of anatomy education has changed substantially over the past decade due to both a new generation of students who learn differently from those of past years and the enormity of advances in anatomical imaging and viewing. At Mount Sinai School of Medicine, our anatomy courses have been designed to meld classic dissection with the tools physicians and surgeons will use tomorrow. We introduce students to the newest technologies available for viewing the body, such as minimally invasive approaches, ultrasonography, three‐dimensional visualizations, multi‐axial computerized image reconstructions, multi‐planar magnetic resonance imaging, and plastinated prosections. Students are given a hands‐on, team‐building experience operating laparoscopes in the laboratory. A great strength of our program is the important and active participation by faculty from 15 different basic and clinical departments, including several chairs and voluntary faculty. This interdisciplinary approach brings to our students direct, one‐on‐one encounters or presentations by our finest physicians and surgeons and our core anatomy faculty. In addition, the presence of many teaching assistants drawn from upper classmen and advanced graduate students adds an additional, vibrant dimension. Our anatomy programs for medical/graduate students and postgraduates are structured around three simple principles: (1) it is a privilege to teach, (2) we enlist only passionate teachers, and (3) it is our role to instill appreciation and respect for human form. Anat Rec (New Anat) 269:81–88, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Delay and sampling independence of a consensus algorithm and its application to smart grid privacy

The consensus algorithm can represent many problems in cooperative behavior, and has been widely used in engineering and social sciences. In this work, we prove that the consensus model where the information that each agent receives from its neighbors has time-varying asynchronous delays and sampling, converges to an agreement independent of these communication constraints. This property is useful in the context of “data minimization,” which is one of the principles for privacy. As a practical example, we show how the independence of sampling rate can be used for microgrids with a consensus-based secondary control scheme where participants have incentives to share their states to ensure frequency synchronization, while at the same time minimizing the amount of data shared to preserve their privacy. We then propose two data sharing algorithms: 1) periodic sampling, and 2) discretionary sampling, and study their privacy as well as their performance. We show that even when a discretionary sampling scheme “lies” to their neighbors in order to preserve their privacy, the consensus algorithm performs almost as well as with periodic sampling.
MEK/ERK Signaling Controls Osmoregulation of Nucleus Pulposus Cells of the Intervertebral Disc by Transactivation of TonEBP/OREBP

Earlier studies have shown that intervertebral disc cells express TonEBP, a transcription factor that permits adaptation to osmotic stress and regulates aggrecan gene expression. However, the mechanism of hyperosmotic activation of TonEBP in disc cells is not known. Results of this study show that hypertonic activation of ERK signaling regulates transactivation activity of TonEBP, modulating its function.
The paralysis of involuntary muscle

PAGE Introduction. Anatomical relations of the ciliary ganglion in the cat. Previous observations concerning the paralysed sphincter. Experimental methods 156 Paradoxical pupil-constriction after excision of a ciliary ganglion . 159 Local paradoxical constriction of the pupil . 163 Causes of paradoxical pupil-constriction . 166 Paradoxical pupil-constriction after section of an oculomotor nerve 169 On the functions and nature of the oiliary ganglion . 170 Summary . 174
A 346 µm 2 VCO-Based, Reference-Free, Self-Timed Sensor Interface for Cubic-Millimeter Sensor Nodes in 28 nm CMOS

We present a 346 μm2 reference-free, asynchronous VCO-based sensor interface circuit demonstrated in 28 nm LP bulk CMOS. This design is specifically for sensor node interfaces which do not have the power or volume available for the high accuracy current sources, voltage sources, or low jitter timing references needed for traditional ADCs. By using a straightforward VCO design, it achieves wide resolution, voltage scalability, and process portability while consuming only ~1/100th the area of prior approaches and avoiding costly reference circuitry. In the design measured for this paper, resolution can be scaled from 2.8 to 11.7 bits and VDD from 500 mV to 1.0 V. The design contains a single-point calibration scheme that works across temperature, voltage, and resolution settings. Minimum power consumption is 11.7 μW at 0.6 V VDD and minimum energy per conversion step is 41.2 fJ/b at 0.6 V VDD and 9.42 bits of effective resolution.
Test of modular invariance for finite XXZ chains

The central charge c of the Virasoro algebra is determined using its relation to the set of anomalous dimensions of the scaling fields for the critical anisotropic Heisenberg chain. The results obtained by exactly solving the Bethe ansatz for N<or=4 are compared with the standard procedure for calculating c in the whole region of anisotropy. For odd N the system is no longer modular invariant and the analogous averaging leads to an anisotropy-dependent function which has been calculated.
Trait Evolution, Community Assembly, and the Phylogenetic Structure of Ecological Communities

Taxa co‐occurring in communities often represent a nonrandom sample, in phenotypic or phylogenetic terms, of the regional species pool. While heuristic arguments have identified processes that create community phylogenetic patterns, further progress hinges on a more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between underlying ecological and evolutionary processes. We created a simulation framework to model trait evolution, assemble communities (via competition, habitat filtering, or neutral assembly), and test the phylogenetic pattern of the resulting communities. We found that phylogenetic community structure is greatest when traits are highly conserved and when multiple traits influence species membership in communities. Habitat filtering produces stronger phylogenetic structure when taxa with derived (as opposed to ancestral) traits are favored in the community. Nearest‐relative tests have greater power to detect patterns due to competition, while total community relatedness tests perform better with habitat filtering. The size of the local community relative to the regional pool strongly influences statistical power; in general, power increases with larger pool sizes for communities created by filtering but decreases for communities created by competition. Our results deepen our understanding of processes that contribute to phylogenetic community structure and provide guidance for the design and interpretation of empirical research.
Molecular Pathways Molecular Pathways : P-Rex in Cancer

P-Rex proteins are Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors that participate in the regulation of several cancer-related cellular functions such as proliferation, motility, and invasion. Expectedly, a significant portion of these actions of P-Rex proteins must be related to their Rac regulatory properties. In addition, P-Rex proteins control signaling by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) route by interacting with PTEN and mTOR. The interaction with PTEN inhibits its phosphatase activity, leading to AKT activation. The interaction with mTOR may be important in nutrient-stimulated Rac activation and migration. In humans, several studies have implicated P-Rex proteins in the pathophysiology of various neoplasias. Thus, overexpression of P-Rex proteins has been linked to poor patient outcome in breast cancer andmay facilitate metastatic dissemination of prostate cancer cells. In addition, whole-genome sequencing described P-Rex2 as a significantly mutated gene in melanoma. Furthermore, expression in melanocytes of mutated forms of P-Rex2 found in patients with melanoma showed the protumorigenic role of these P-Rex mutations inmelanoma genesis. These findings open interesting opportunities for P-Rex targeting in cancer. Moreover, the implication of P-Rex partner proteins such as Rac, mTOR, or PTEN in cancer has opened the possibility of acting on P-Rex to restrict protumorigenic signaling through these pathways. Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 1–6. 2013 AACR.