Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Earthquake Source Parameters in the Main Ethiopian Rift

We assessed earthquake source parameters compiled from previous studies and international databases. In addition, moment tensor inversion is made from the broadband seismic data of two earthquakes that occurred in the region in 2017 and 2018 with magnitudes Mw 5.0 and 5.1, respectively. As a result, the two events’ reliable source parameters are retrieved. We found that earthquakes are distributed in the rift floor, at margins and adjacent plateaus. Because the majority of earthquakes occur on the rift floor, deformation is most likely caused by strain accumulation transferred from border faults to magmatic segments along the rift floor. Predominantly normal faulting is observed, but some strike-slip events are also observed. Normal faulting mechanisms are consistent with major plate divergence, whereas the strike-slip components observed in the region might be associated with the counterclockwise rotation of the Danakil microplate, and the mechanism would indicate an oblique-slip deformation between the Nubian plate and the Danakil microplate. However, the focal mechanism obtained from the moment tensor inversion for the Mw 5.1 event indicates dominant normal faulting accompanied by a minor strike-slip component at the western margin of Afar, whereas the Mw 5.0 event has a significant strike-slip component at the central part of MER. The majority of focal depths of earthquakes are found within the upper crust, including the 2017 (Mw 5.0) event with a focal depth of 9.7 km that was computed using moment tensor inversion. A significant number of earthquakes are also found within the lower crust, including the 2018 (Mw 5.1) event with a focal depth of 20.2 km. However, earthquakes with focal depths within the upper mantle are also found in the compiled international database, which may not be consistent with the previously published works in the region. The observed focal depth may suggest a widespread deformation throughout the upper and lower crusts, implying that magmatic intrusions and faulting play a central role in facilitating the seismicity of the main Ethiopian rift (MER). The current investigation will provide further information on the earthquake source parameters and seismogenic depth of earthquake occurrence in the MER.
Integrated PBL Approach: Findings towards Physics Students' Critical Thinking

This paper presents the findings of second phase of study on physics students’ critical thinking. This study was performed on a cohort of 25 (i.e., 13 females and 12 males) Physics with Electronics students from School of Science and Technology at University Malaysia Sabah. The sample was trained by an integrated Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method for 1 semester (i.e., 14 weeks). Participants’ critical thinking was evaluated using a previously validated instrument, the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) (i.e., inference; assumption; deduction; interpretation; evaluation arguments). The result shows that there is significant different in inference criteria (sig2-tailed, t=5.57, p=.00<*.05) favor to the first post test.
Intraplacental injection of AAV9-CMV-iCre results in the widespread transduction of multiple organs in double-reporter mouse embryos

Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) has become a popular tool for gene transfer because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and efficiently transduce genetic material into a variety of cell types. The study utilized GRR (Green-to-Red Reporter) mouse embryos, in which the expression of iCre results in the disappearance of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expression and the detection of Discosoma sp. Red Fluorescent Protein (DsRed) expression by intraplacental injection. Our results demonstrate that AAV9-CMV-iCre can transduce multiple organs in embryos at developmental stages E9.5–E11.5, including the liver, heart, brain, thymus, and intestine. These findings suggest that intraplacental injection of AAV9-CMV-iCre is a viable method for the widespread transduction of GRR mouse embryos.
Intelligent edge network routing architecture with blockchain for the IoT

The demand for the Internet of Everything has slowed down network routing efficiency. Traditional routing policies rely on manual configuration, which has limitations and adversely affects network performance. In this paper, we propose an Internet of Things (IoT) Intelligent Edge Network Routing (ENIR) architecture. ENIR uses deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to simulate human learning of empirical knowledge and an intelligent routing closed-loop control mechanism for real-time interaction with the network environment. According to the network demand and environmental conditions, the method can dynamically adjust network resources and perform intelligent routing optimization. It uses blockchain technology to share network knowledge and global optimization of network routing. The intelligent routing method uses the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm. Our simulation results show that ENIR provides significantly better link utilization and transmission delay performance than various routing methods (e.g., open shortest path first, routing based on Q-learning and DRL-based control framework for traffic engineering).
Genetic Analysis of Dengue Virus in Severe and Non-Severe Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2018–2022

Dengue virus (DENV) infections have unpredictable clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic or minor febrile illness to severe and fatal disease. The severity of dengue infection is at least partly related to the replacement of circulating DENV serotypes and/or genotypes. To describe clinical profiles of patients and the viral sequence diversity corresponding to non-severe and severe cases, we collected patient samples from 2018 to 2022 at Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. Serotyping of 495 cases and sequencing of 179 cases showed that the dominant serotype of DENV shifted from DENV2 in 2017 and 2018 to DENV3 in 2019. DENV3 persisted as the only representative serotype until 2022. Co-circulation of clades B and C of the DENV2 cosmopolitan genotype in 2017 was replaced by circulation of clade C alone in 2018 with all clones disappearing thereafter. DENV3 genotype I was first detected in 2017 and was the only genotype in circulation until 2022. We observed a high incidence of severe cases in 2019 when the DENV3 genotype I became the only virus in circulation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clusters of severe cases in several different subclades of DENV3 genotype I. Thus, these serotype and genotype changes in DENV may explain the large dengue outbreaks and increased severity of the disease in 2019.
Monte Carlo Simulation Approach to Shipping Accidents Consequences Assessment

The purpose of this study is to present and apply an innovative technique to model environmental consequences of shipping accidents in relations to events initiating those accidents. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to model shipping accidents and chemical release consequences within the world’s sea and ocean waters. The model was created based on the previously designed novel general probabilistic approach to critical infrastructure accident consequences, including three models: the process of initiating events generated by a critical infrastructure accident, the process of environmental threats coming from released chemicals that are a result of initiating events, and the process of environmental degradation stemming from environmental threats. It is a new approach that has never been proposed and applied before. The Monte Carlo simulation method is used under the assumption of the semi-Markov model of these three processes. A procedure for the realization and generation of this process and evaluation of its characteristics is proposed and applied in the preparation of the C# program. Using this program, the processes’ characteristics are predicted for a specific sea area. Namely, for the considered processes, the limit values of transient probabilities between the states and the mean values of total sojourn times at the particular states for the fixed time are determined. The results obtained can be used practically by maritime practitioners involved in making decisions related to the safety of maritime transport and to mitigation actions concerned with maritime accidents.
Femtosecond pulse shaping by ultrathin plasmonic metasurfaces

In this work, a compact and ultrathin plasmonic metasurface is proposed for an ultrashort pulse shaping method in the optical regime based on linear filtering principles. A planar array of nanoplasmonic particles is employed to manipulate the transmission spectrum of propagating ultrashort pulses to shape its temporal characteristics. We demonstrate that the method is able to broaden, compress, and reshape the polarization of ultrashort pulses with great control over its characteristics by engineering the resonances of the ultrathin plasmonic metasurface.
4-1. Generic Numerical Models in Aquatic Ecology

There are two broad approaches to numerical ecological models, i.e. specific and generic. In the specific approach, biological quantities in the model must be observed locally, which is often difficult orland time-consuming. In contrast, the generic approach does not require local values of biological quantities in the model, these being computed with generic equations. In general, generic equations estimate the biological quantities in models from local values of easily observed environmental variables (e.g. temperature). Generic models have both advantages and drawbacks. On the one hand, there is no need to estimate locally biological quantities in the system, and the same model can be applied to homologous systems. On the other hand, generic models may fit less precisely local situations than specific models. In practice, the two approaches are often combined, e.g. in order to obtain rapidly at least preliminary answers to site­ specific questions, generic models may be simplified to fit and explore the local situations. When detailed answers are required, specific models may be constructed using parts of existing generic models, which is an efficient use of knowledge developed by the international community, for resolving local problems.
Old Drug, New Delivery Strategy: MMAE Repackaged

Targeting therapy is a concept that has gained significant importance in recent years, especially in oncology. The severe dose-limiting side effects of chemotherapy necessitate the development of novel, efficient and tolerable therapy approaches. In this regard, the prostate specific membrane antigene (PSMA) has been well established as a molecular target for diagnosis of, as well as therapy for, prostate cancer. Although most PSMA-targeting ligands are radiopharmaceuticals used in imaging or radioligand therapy, this article evaluates a PSMA-targeting small molecule–drug conjugate, and, thus, addresses a hitherto little-explored field. PSMA binding affinity and cytotoxicity were determined in vitro using cell-based assays. Enzyme-specific cleavage of the active drug was quantified via an enzyme-based assay. Efficacy and tolerability in vivo were assessed using an LNCaP xenograft model. Histopathological characterization of the tumor in terms of apoptotic status and proliferation rate was carried out using caspase-3 and Ki67 staining. The binding affinity of the Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) conjugate was moderate, compared to the drug-free PSMA ligand. Cytotoxicity in vitro was in the nanomolar range. Both binding and cytotoxicity were found to be PSMA-specific. Additionally, complete MMAE release could be reached after incubation with cathepsin B. In vivo, the MMAE conjugate displayed good tolerability and dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. Immunohistochemical and histological studies revealed the antitumor effect of MMAE.VC. SA.617, resulting in the inhibition of proliferation and the enhancement of apoptosis. The developed MMAE conjugate showed good properties in vitro, as well as in vivo, and should, therefore, be considered a promising candidate for a translational approach.
Modality and tense

This book is a very interesting compilation of papers, and a couple of reviews in which Kit Fine presents and argues for his view about modality: Modal Actualism. Most of the papers have been previously published, but three of them (‘Reference, essence and identity’, ‘Tense and reality’ and ‘Necessity and non-existence’; respectively, chapters 1, 8, and 9) are first published here. The author himself provides a detailed account of the contents in a very helpful introduction. He also offers helpful hints about the order in which the different chapters of the book should be read, depending on the interests and capacities of the reader, who is thus granted a thread that leads her through the different problems, arguments, and issues while at the same time clarifying them. According to Fine, the contents of the book have to do with his views about modality (papers in Part I and in chapters 7 and 9 in Part III) and with his actualism (papers in Part II and Chapter 8 in Part III). Some of the theses Fine defends in his book call one’s attention for their novelty or non-standard character; getting into them and into the arguments that he develops is far from easy, though certainly worthwhile. Fine claims that his non-standard position about modality stems from his deep rejection of understanding it as a kind of regularity (anti-empiricist, anti-Quinean): in other words, his non-acceptance of the idea that ‘[t]here is no intelligible distinction to be drawn between what is necessarily and what is contingently the case or between an object’s essential and accidental features’ (p. 1). His alternative view of modality involves raising an unusual view about logical form, distinguishing a new kind of objectualist satisfaction (‘literalist’ satisfaction) and reconsidering the notions of essence and necessity as well as the relation between these two notions. Fine worries about Logical Form in connection with his counter-argument to Quine’s logical argument. He contends the intelligibility that de dicto of the notion of logical necessity presupposes its intelligibility de re. Logical necessity has its source in logical form, and he acknowledges that we normally think of logical form as exclusively an attribute of sentences; then he argues: ‘ . if logical form can take account of the repeated occurrence of a sentence, it should also be able to take account of the repeated occurrence of an object’ (p. 3). Thus (p. 51): HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF LOGIC, 29 (February 2008), 83 – 101
The simulation and experimental research on the sensing characteristics of few-mode-fiber based LPFG

Compared with FBG, long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) have higher sensing sensitivity in many aspects. With the development of few-mode fiber (FMF), few mode long period fiber gratings (FM-LPFGs) has grasped a lot of research focus in recent years. The co-propagating coupling between a core mode and a cladding mode, or two different core modes, will bring different effects on the sensing characteristics of temperature, strain and refractive index. However, the coupling characteristics between core modes and cladding modes have been rarely reported in theory before. In this paper, based on the coupled-mode theory, we simulate the transmission spectrum of the FM-LPFGs by use of MATLAB and COMSOL software. Assuming that all the power is launched in a certain mode, we calculate the coupling coefficients and the transmission spectrums between the core modes (LP01, LP11, LP21, and LP02) and the cladding modes LPlm (l=1) at 1550nm. In addition, we change some fiber parameters like grating period, refractive index modulation depth and cladding diameter to analyze their effect on the transmission spectrum. Based on the simulation, we fabricate some FM-LPFGs by the CO2 laser, and use them in temperature sensing experiments. With the certain strain, we measured the temperature sensing sensitivity of the FM-LPFGs. The measured sensitivities of temperature is -43.98pm/°C.
The Effect of Self-Esteem on Resilience among Victims of Bullying: Does Gender Play a Role?

Bullying has become a serious issue in educational institutions. Bullying causes significant negative effects on physical, social, and psychological aspects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of self-esteem on resilience. We also analyzed the resilience differences between male and female students. Through a cross-sectional study design, 86 students participated in completing a survey. The Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale developed by Mynard & Joseph was used to determine respondents who were victims of bullying. Furthermore, The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) were used to measure resilience and self-esteem. The data analysis technique used to reveal the difference in resilience of bullying victims between males and females is the independent sample t-test. Furthermore, simple regression is used to test the influence of self-esteem on resilience. The results showed that students' self-esteem and resilience were moderate. There was a significant difference in resilience between male and female students, with males having higher resilience than females. Testing also proved that there is an influence of self-esteem on students' resilience. This study has implications for the importance of addressing bullying in schools. Furthermore, psychological interventions through counseling services can be implemented to improve resilience.
Performance Enhancement: for Calculating the Max-Flow in a Graph

Abstract: In this paper a new approximation algorithm for calculating the min-cut tree of an undirected edge-weighted graph has been proposed. This algorithm runs in O(V 2 .logV + V 2 .d) where V is the number of vertices in the given graph and d is the degree of the graph. It is a significant improvement over time complexities of existing solutions. However, because of an assumption it does not produce correct result for all the sorts of graphs but for the dense graphs success rate is more than 90%. Moreover in the unsuccessful cases, the deviations from actual result is very less and for most of the pairs correct values of max-flow or min-cut have been obtained.This algorithm is implemented in JAVA language and checked for many input cases.
Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Resin– Based Root Canal Sealer –AH Plus: A Cytotoxic Evaluation

Aims: To evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of a resin-based root canal sealer, AH Plus, before and after electron beam irradiation and to assess the effect of three different doses of electron beam radiation (1 KGy, 3 KGy and 5 KGy) on cytotoxicity of the sealer. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India and Microtron Centre; Department of Physics Mangalore University; Mangalore, India between July 2012 and November 2012. Methodology: Gingival fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium Research Article Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(1): 163-173, 2014 164 (DMEM) and sub confluent monolayers of cells were obtained. The study included two categoriesIrradiated and Non-irradiated. Both of them were further divided into four groups of paste A, paste B, Mixed and Set sealer of AH plus. Samples in irradiated category were further divided into 3 subgroups based on electron beam irradiation dose-1, 3 and 5 KGy. Sample elutes were prepared using standard extraction procedure. The elutes of all sealers from both the categories were added to the human gingival fibroblast cultures and their cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. The results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using One–way ANOVA (Analysis of variance) test and Tukey’s HSD Test. Results: Cell viability was minimum in Paste M irradiated with 5 KGy irradiation dose and maximum in non-irradiated SET AH Plus sealer. The results of the present study showed positive effect of irradiation in the epoxide paste of AH Plus sealer. The positive effect here is mainly based on experimental data of percentage cell viability and not on statistical significance. Multiple comparisons of different doses of electron beam irradiation on percentage of cell viability in all the samples showed a highly statistically significant difference at 3 KGy of electron beam radiation (P value = 0.008). Conclusion: Further research should to be performed with higher doses of electron beam radiation on epoxide paste in order to notice further improvement in physical as well as biological properties in order to generate an upgraded version of the present dental materials.
Predictors of meeting physical activity recommendation before and during COVID-19 pandemic in adults

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the variables that predict whether WHO's global recommendation for physical activity (PA) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic can be met among adults. Material and Methods: A total of 921 adults voluntarily participated in this study. A demographic information form and the Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire for Turkish people were administered by self-report. The participants were also asked whether they regularly do PA and if the duration of PA is over 150 minutes. Results: The number of adults doing regular PA at the level recommended by WHO significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the rate of not doing regular PA significantly increased compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05). Variables that reduce the likelihood of doing regular PA at the recommended level include being male, being under 45 years old, being married, having high school education or below, having a moderate and low-income, having a high BMI, and having a high recreational sedentary screen time (RSST) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The results of this study provide a priori information for implementations aimed at improving the recommended PA level for adults during social isolation or lockdown.
Testing and Characterization of SuperCDMS Dark Matter Detectors

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) relies on collection of phonons and charge carriers in semiconductors held at tens of milliKelvin as handles for detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). This thesis begins with a brief overview of the direct dark matter search (Chapter 1) and SuperCDMS detectors (Chapter 2). In Chapter 3, a 3He evaporative refrigerator facility is described. Results from experiments performed in-house at Stanford to measure carrier transport in high-purity germanium (HPGe) crystals operated at sub-Kelvin temperatures are presented in Chapter 4. Finally, in Chapter 5 a new numerical model and a time-domain optimal filtering technique are presented, both developed for use with superconducting Transition Edge Sensors (TESs), that provide excellent event reconstruction for single particle interactions in detectors read out with superconducting W-TESs coupled to energy-collecting films of Al. This thesis is not intended to be read straight through. For those new to CDMS or dark matter searches, the first two chapters are meant to be a gentle introduction for experimentalists. They are by no means exhaustive. The remaining chapters each stand alone, with different audiences.