Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Consequences of Petrophysical Effects on Reservoir Properties of Hartha Formation at Balad Oil Field, Central Iraq

Hartha Formation (Upper Companian-Mastrechtian Sequence) consists mainly of detrital organic limestone and dolomitic limestone and may contains streaks of marl and through the petrographic study of the rocks of the formation, it was found that it consists of skeletal granules consisting of benthic foraminifera represented by fossils (orbitoid, rotalide and miliolide) and a few planktonic foraminifera belonging to the family of Globigerinacea and red, green algae, echinoderms, mollusks and the Formation also contained a few Calcispheres and these granules appeared affected by several modifying processes, the most important of which are Dolomitization, recrystallization, dissolution, Micritization and chemical compression and it was found through the analysis of the Microfacie that the Formation consists of four main, microfascies the upper limit of the Formation is conformable with the Formation of the Shiranish, while the lower limit represents unconformable with the Formation of Mashura. The present study focused on the effect of Diagenesis processes on the Hartha Formation in four subsurface sections within the Balad field in Salah al-Din Governorate in central Iraq, representing the first section (Ba-1) with a thickness of (443) m, the second section (Ba-5) with a thickness of (306) m, the third section (Ba-7) with a thickness of (306) m. (Ba-9) and thickness (307) m. Where (355) slides consisting of rock cutting and cores were studied, (144) slides for the well (Ba-1), (58) slides for the well (Ba-5), (54) slides for the well (Ba-7) and in the well (Ba-9). It was by (99) slides, as well as the logs of the above wells, through which the Formation was divided into three porous units.
Towards Modeling Threaded Discussions using Induced Ontology Knowledge

Online discussion boards are a popular form of web-based computer-mediated communication, especially in the areas of distributed education and customer support. Automatic analysis for discussion understanding would enable better information assessment and assistance. This paper describes an extensive study of the relationship between individual messages and full discussion threads. We present a new approach to classifying discussions using a Rocchio-style classifier with little cost for data labeling. In place of a labeled data set, we employ a coarse domain ontology that is automatically induced from a canonical text in a novel way and use it to build discussion topic profiles. We describe a new classify-by-dominance strategy for classifying discussion threads and demonstrate that in the presence of noise it can perform better than the standard classify-as-a-whole approach with an error rate reduction of 16.8%. This analysis of human conversation via online discussions provides a basis for the development of future information extraction and question answering techniques.
A Visual Language for Robot Control and Programming: A Human-Interface Study

We describe an interaction paradigm for controlling a robot using hand gestures. In particular, we are interested in the control of an underwater robot by an on-site human operator. Under this context, vision-based control is very attractive, and we propose a robot control and programming mechanism based on visual symbols. A human operator presents engineered visual targets to the robotic system, which recognizes and interprets them. This paper describes the approach and proposes a specific gesture language called "RoboChat". RoboChat allows an operator to control a robot and even express complex programming concepts, using a sequence of visually presented symbols, encoded into fiducial markers. We evaluate the efficiency and robustness of this symbolic communication scheme by comparing it to traditional gesture-based interaction involving a remote human operator
The modelling cycle for collective animal behaviour

Collective animal behaviour is the study of how interactions between individuals produce group level patterns, and why these interactions have evolved. This study has proved itself uniquely interdisciplinary, involving physicists, mathematicians, engineers as well as biologists. Almost all experimental work in this area is related directly or indirectly to mathematical models, with regular movement back and forth between models, experimental data and statistical fitting. In this paper, we describe how the modelling cycle works in the study of collective animal behaviour. We classify studies as addressing questions at different levels or linking different levels, i.e. as local, local to global, global to local or global. We also describe three distinct approaches—theory-driven, data-driven and model selection—to these questions. We show, with reference to our own research on species across different taxa, how we move between these different levels of description and how these various approaches can be applied to link levels together.
Computer-intensive rate estimation, diverging statistics and scanning

A general rate estimation method is proposed that is based on studying the in-sample evolution of appropriately chosen diverging/converging statis tics. The proposed rate estimators are based on simple least squares argu ments, and are shown to be accurate in a very general setting without requir ing the choice of a tuning parameter. The notion of scanning is introduced with the purpose of extracting useful subsamples of the data series; the pro posed rate estimation method is applied to different scans, and the resulting estimators are then combined to improve accuracy. Applications to heavy tail index estimation as well as to the problem of estimating the long memory pa rameter are discussed; a small simulation study complements our theoretical results.
Critical transitions in nature and society

“voluntary animal motion” interested physicians, scholars, and philosophers throughout history for a variety of purposes such as relating “voluntary motion” to the soul and understanding medical conditions through comparative anatomy. The research presented in this monograph includes not only a careful examination of different theories regarding animal motion, but also an analysis of how these theories developed within the context of changing medical and academic paradigms. Another interesting and very useful feature of this work is its inclusion of extensive indexes and bibliography. The indexes include ones for Latin terms, Greek terms, book titles, names, and a general index. Due to the medical nature of its subject and the periods covered, the Latin and Greek indexes in particular prove invaluable to the book. Together, the bibliography of primary and secondary sources and the indexes comprise over 200 pages of reference material. This hefty, well-researched volume will be useful as both an analysis of early theories on voluntary animal motion and a reference source for this topic. Anthony J. Dellureficio, Centre for the History of Science, Technology & Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Future user requirement elicitation for technology investment: A formal approach

This study addresses the lack of methods to systematically identify future market needs for strategic planning in technology investment. Uncertain and ambiguous future, hardly available user input on realistic needs, market with latent demand and evolving market increase technology investment risk. The authors presents a formal approach named Requirement Elicitation of Future Users by Systems Scenarios (REFUSS) that derives future user requirements by relating process knowledge obtained from current system model with plausible future user lifestyle related information obtained from scenarios. Scenarios developed in a cause-effect way by identifying and correlating a number of environmental factors assists strategists to learn about plausible changes and be prepared for any unexpected shift. The REFUSS fills a gap by providing a simple and applicable method for future user requirement elicitation. This can be used for formulating needs based vision thus avoiding project failures from following technology based vision.
Land‐use and climate change effects on population size and extinction risk of Andean plants

Andean plant species are predicted to shift their distributions, or ‘migrate,’ upslope in response to future warming. The impacts of these shifts on species' population sizes and their abilities to persist in the face of climate change will depend on many factors including the distribution of individuals within species' ranges, the ability of species to migrate and remain at equilibrium with climate, and patterns of human land‐use. Human land‐use may be especially important in the Andes where anthropogenic activities above tree line may create a hard barrier to upward migrations, imperiling high‐elevation Andean biodiversity. In order to better understand how climate change may impact the Andean biodiversity hotspot, we predict the distributional responses of hundreds of plant species to changes in temperature incorporating population density distributions, migration rates, and patterns of human land‐use. We show that plant species from high Andean forests may increase their population sizes if able to migrate onto the expansive land areas above current tree line. However, if the pace of climate change exceeds species' abilities to migrate, all species will experience large population losses and consequently may face high risk of extinction. Using intermediate migration rates consistent with those observed for the region, most species are still predicted to experience population declines. Under a business‐as‐usual land‐use scenario, we find that all species will experience large population losses regardless of migration rate. The effect of human land‐use is most pronounced for high‐elevation species that switch from predicted increases in population sizes to predicted decreases. The overriding influence of land‐use on the predicted responses of Andean species to climate change can be viewed as encouraging since there is still time to initiate conservation programs that limit disturbances and/or facilitate the upward migration and persistence of Andean plant species.
Psychological Frictions and the Incomplete Take-Up of Social Benefits: Evidence from an IRS Field Experiment

We address the role of “psychological frictions” in the incomplete take-up of EITC benefits with an IRS field experiment. We specifically assess the influence of program confusion, informational complexity, and stigma by evaluating response to experimental mailings distributed to 35,050 tax filers who failed to claim $26 million despite an initial notice. While the mere receipt of the mailing, simplification, and the heightened salience of benefits led to substantial additional claiming, attempts to reduce perceived costs of stigma, application, and audits did not. The study, and accompanying surveys, suggests that low program awareness/understanding and informational complexity contribute to the puzzle of low take-up. (JEL C93, D03, H24, M38)
Quantum information in loop quantum gravity

A coarse-graining of spin networks is expressed in terms of partial tracing, thus allowing to use tools of quantum information theory. This is illustrated by the analysis of a simple black hole model, where the logarithmic correction of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is shown to be equal to the total amount of correlations on the horizon. Finally other applications of entanglement to quantum gravity are briefly discussed.
Relay Selection for Lifetime Extension in Amplify-And-Forward Cooperative Networks

Prolonging lifetime is of paramount importance for an energy-constrained wireless network to ensure uninterrupted information exchange. Cooperative communication technology, which can achieve high energy-efficiency by exploiting spatial diversity of distributed nodes, has become an attractive way for lifetime extension of wireless networks. In this paper, a novel relay selection method is developed for lifetime extension in an Amplify-and-Forward (AF) cooperative network where the transmission power is subject to a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement at the destination. In the proposed method firstly the average transmission power for every relay to forward the message is derived through the knowledge of channel statistics and then a utility function is designed to introduce it into the relay selection procedure so as to offer a relay more opportunity to be selected when its required transmission power is lower than usual. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves improved performance in extending the lifetime by both reducing the average transmission power and lowering the residual battery energy.
Comparison of two proanthocyanidin cross-linked recombinant human collagen-peptide (RHC) – chitosan scaffolds

Cross-linking plays an important role in tissue engineering, which involves the alternative of cross-linker and the way of components interaction. We compared two proanthocyanidin (PA) cross-linked recombinant human collagen-peptide – chitosan scaffolds: immerse cross-linking (I-CLS) and premix cross-linking (P-CLS). Both of the scaffolds presented homogeneous pore structure with mean pore size of 110–115 μm. The swelling ratio was decreased to 29.6 in I-CLS, but increased to 37.1 in P-CLS while porosity of the two scaffolds was reduced about 8% comparing to 94.3% before cross-linking. The cross-linked scaffolds exhibited enhanced resistance to enzyme degradation and improved compressive modulus (I-CLS > P-CLS). The scaffolds transformed from elastic region to plastic region until the strain reached 60%, and the stress was 40.5, 133.2 and 84.1 kPa of uncross-linking scaffold, I-CLS and P-CLS individually. Thermal stability indicated molecular bonding between PA and the scaffold components, simultaneously, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy mainly presented hydrogen bonding between the protein amide carbonyl and the phenolic hydroxyl with a particular transform due to pyrrolidine rings of proline in P-CLS. Both of the I-CLS and P-CLS could promote human umbilical vein endothelial cells attachment and proliferation. The characterization suggested in situ biodegradable application of P-CLS, while a potential long-term utilization of I-CLS in tissue engineering.
Upper Ocean Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal

ABSTRACT A regional ocean circulation model with four-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme is configured to study the ocean state of the Indian Ocean region (65°E–95°E; 5°N–20°N) covering the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB). The state estimation setup uses 10 km horizontal resolution and 5 m vertical resolution in the upper ocean. The in-situ temperature and salinity, satellite-derived observations of sea surface height, and blended (in-situ and satellite-derived) observations of sea surface temperature alongwith their associated uncertainties are used for data assimilation with the regionally configured ocean model. The ocean state estimation is carried out for 61 days (1 June to 31 July 2013). The assimilated fields are closer to observations compared to other global state estimates. The mixed layer depth (MLD) of the region shows deepening during the period of assimilation with AS showing higher MLD compared to the BoB. An empirical forecast equation is derived for the prediction of MLD using the air–sea forcing variables as predictors. The surface and sub-surface (50 m) heat and salt budget tendencies of the region are also investigated. It is found that at the sub-surface, only the advection and diffusion temperature and salt tendencies are important.
ELR(+) chemokine signaling in host defense and disease in a viral model of central nervous system disease

Intracranial infection of the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) into the central nervous system (CNS) of susceptible strains of mice results in an acute encephalomyelitis, accompanied by viral replication in glial cells and robust infiltration of virus-specific T cells that contribute to host defense through cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity. Mice surviving the acute stage of disease develop an immune-mediated demyelinating disease, characterized by viral persistence in white matter tracts and a chronic neuroinflammatory response dominated by T cells and macrophages. Chemokines and their corresponding chemokine receptors are dynamically expressed throughout viral infection of the CNS, influencing neuroinflammation by regulating immune cell infltration and glial biology. This review is focused upon the pleiotropic chemokine receptor CXCR2 and its effects upon neutrophils and oligodendrocytes during JHMV infection and a number of other models of CNS inflammation.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of general odorant-binding proteins GOBP1 and GOBP2 from the tobacco hawk moth Manduca sexta: comparisons with other insect OBPs and their signal peptides

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are small, water-soluble proteins uniquely expressed in olfactory tissue of insects and vertebrates. OBPs are present in the aqueous fluid surrounding olfactory sensory dendrites and are thought to aid in the capture and transport of hydrophobic odorants into and through this fluid. OBPs may represent the initial biochemical recognition step in olfaction, because they transport odorants to the receptor neurons. Insect OBPs are represented by multiple classes: pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) and general odorant-binding proteins (GOBP1 and GOBP2). PBPs associate with pheromone-sensitive neurons, while GOBPs associate with general odorant- sensitive neurons. Analysis of N-terminal amino acid sequences of 14 insect OBPs isolated from six species indicated that the PBPs were variable and the GOBPs were highly conserved. However, inferred properties of these proteins were based only on partial sequence data. We now report the full-length sequences of a GOBP1 and GOBP2 from the moth Manduca sexta and compare these sequences with those of PBPs from three species, including M. sexta, Antheraea polyphemus, and A. pernyi. We also compare these with a GOBP2 of A. pernyi, previously identified only as a novel OBP. These comparisons fully support our N-terminal analysis. The signal peptide sequences of seven insect OBPs reveal conserved sequences within OBP classes, but not between OBP classes even within the same animal species. This suggests that multiple OBPs may be coexpressed in the same cell type, but differentially processed in a class-specific manner. Properties of the GOBPs suggest that general olfaction is broadly receptive at the periphery. Properties of the PBPs suggest that pheromone olfaction is discriminatory at the periphery, and that the initial biochemical steps in pheromone detection may play an active role in odor perception.
Rational Hypocrisy: A Bayesian Analysis Based on Informal Argumentation and Slippery Slopes

Moral hypocrisy is typically viewed as an ethical accusation: Someone is applying different moral standards to essentially identical cases, dishonestly claiming that one action is acceptable while otherwise equivalent actions are not. We suggest that in some instances the apparent logical inconsistency stems from different evaluations of a weak argument, rather than dishonesty per se. Extending Corner, Hahn, and Oaksford's (2006) analysis of slippery slope arguments, we develop a Bayesian framework in which accusations of hypocrisy depend on inferences of shared category membership between proposed actions and previous standards, based on prior probabilities that inform the strength of competing hypotheses. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that inferences of hypocrisy increase as perceptions of the likelihood of shared category membership between precedent cases and current cases increase, that these inferences follow established principles of category induction, and that the presence of self-serving motives increases inferences of hypocrisy independent of changes in the actions themselves. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Bayesian analyses of weak arguments may have implications for assessing moral reasoning.
Cardiac Catheterization

Since I94I when Cournand and Ranges developed Forssmann's (I929) original observation, cardiac catheterization has become a technique essential to the practice of cardiology. Now, 30 years later, it may be appropriate to review the practice of catheterization today; who should perform the procedure and on what patients ? What techniques are of value and where should catheterization laboratories be built? Traditionally the procedure has been performed by cardiologists and this is proper, since adequate performance of cardiac catheterization requires a wide knowledge of cardiology and, in turn, clinical practice is benefited by an understanding of the results which can be obtained in the catheterization laboratory. Occasionally some of the techniques of cardiac catheterization have been practised by radiologists who had the skills required for approaches to the left heart when this was a new procedure; unfortunately this has, on occasion, led to an arbitrary division of the procedure based on technical skills and not on the haemodynamic and physiological problems which should be approached as a whole. Right and left heart catheterizations should not be separate procedures, and angiocardiography is an integral, not separate, part of the investigation. Indeed angiocardiography can be performed intelligently only after a full understanding of the physiological abnormality has been obtained from the haemodynamic findings. This is not to say that radiologists should not perform cardiac catheterizations on the contrary the procedure may be performed by physicians trained in many disciplines, provided they have the necessary understanding of cardiology and cardiac physiology they can then learn the required technical skills. The contribution of radiology to cardiac catheterization has been very great, chiefly, perhaps, in providing descriptions of abnormal anatomy. But radiological techniques can
Indications of Endocrine Disruptor Effects of JP-5 Jet Fuel Using a Rat-Model Reproductive Study and an In Vitro Human Hormone Receptor Assay

Recent events concerning jet fuel contamination of drinking water have shown that we need a better understanding of the effects of ingested jet fuel. To this end, a reproductive study with ingested jet fuel in rats was undertaken with relatively high concentrations of Jet Propellant (JP)-5 along with a human estrogen receptor activation in vitro assay using JP-5, JP-8, and an alternative jet fuel derived from the camelina plant referred to as HydroRenewable Jet (HRJ) fuel, to help evaluate potential effects of ingested jet fuel. The results of the in vivo study provide evidence that JP-5 can act as an endocrine disruptor, with specific observations including altered hormone levels with JP-5 exposure (significantly lower estradiol levels in male rats and significantly increased Dehydroepiandrosterone levels in females), and a decreased male/female offspring ratio. The in vitro hormone receptor activation assay indicated that JP-5 and JP-8 are capable of upregulating human estrogen receptor (ER) activity, while HRJ was not active in the ER assay. The jet fuels were not able to activate androgen or glucocorticoid receptors in further in vitro assays. These results infer potential endocrine disruption associated with JP-5, with activation of the estrogen receptor as one potential mechanism of action.