Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrospective confidence judgements made by adults with traumatic brain injury: relative and absolute accuracy

Eighteen adult survivors of moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 18 controls studied and were tested on two lists of noun-pairs, and made item-by-item retrospective confidence judgements (RCJs) of their answers using a Likert scale. For both groups, correlations between RCJ ratings and recall were extremely high, indicating that survivors of TBI were as accurate as non-injured controls when comparing their confidence in one answer to another. However, as groups, survivors of TBI were over-confident and control participants were under-confident, but only when uncertain as to the accuracy of their answer. Recall errors of 'interference' were analysed post-hoc. Survivors of TBI displayed higher confidence in interference errors than in non-interference errors, while control participants did not. These results are discussed within the context of self-monitoring by clinical and non-clinical populations. The importance of both relative and absolute measures of metamemory accuracy is highlighted.
The Effect of Gender, Age, and Lateral Dominance on Arch Height and Arch Stiffness

Background: Arch structure is known to vary widely. However, it may be linked to intrinsic factors such as gender, age, and lateral dominance. Understanding the association between these factors and arch structure may be useful in understanding injury biases that exist between individuals with different foot types. Methods: The foot structure of 145 subjects, 68 men and 77 women (18 to 65 years) was examined in this study. The arch height index, a measure of dorsal height normalized to foot length, and arch stiffness of both feet were measured in each subject. Comparisons of both arch height and arch stiffness were made between genders and between the dominant and nondominant feet. In addition, the relationship between both arch height and stiffness and age was examined. Results: There was no difference between the arch height index of men and women; however, the arches in women were significantly less stiff (p = 0.00). There were no statistically significant relationships between increasing age and either arch height index or stiffness. The within-subject comparisons showed that the dominant foot had a significantly higher arch height index than the nondominant foot (p = 0.00). However, arch stiffness was not different between sides. There was a significant, but weak, relationship between arch height index and arch stiffness (p = 0.00, R 2 = 0.09) with a higher arch height index corresponding to a stiffer arch. Conclusion: Understanding differences in arch structure may lend insight into the predilection for injury between genders, with increasing age, and between sides of a given subject.
An Affinity of Human Replication Protein A for Ultraviolet-damaged DNA

Replication protein A (RPA), a heterotrimeric protein of 70-, 32-, and 14-kDa subunits, is an essential factor for DNA replication. Biochemical studies with human and yeast RPA have indicated that it is a DNA-binding protein that has higher affinity for single-stranded DNA. Interestingly, in vitro nucleotide excision repair studies with purified protein components have shown an absolute requirement for RPA in the incision of UV-damaged DNA. Here we use a mobility shift assay to demonstrate that human RPA binds a UV damaged duplex DNA fragment preferentially. Complex formation between RPA and the UV-irradiated DNA is not affected by prior enzymatic photo-reactivation of the DNA, suggesting an affinity of RPA for the (6-4) photoproduct. We also show that Mg in the millimolar range is required for preferential binding of RPA to damaged DNA. These findings identify a novel property of RPA and implicate RPA in damage recognition during the incision of UV-damaged DNA.
Generation of data acquisition requests for the ASTER satellite instrument for monitoring a globally distributed target: glaciers

The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) instrument is scheduled to be launched on the EOS Terra platform in 1999. The Global Land Ice Measurements from Space project has planned to acquire ASTER images of most of the world's land ice annually during the six-year ASTER mission. This article describes the process of creating the data acquisition requests needed to cover approximately 170000 glacier targets.
Classification of skin lesions using ANN

Melanoma arises from cancerous growth in pigmented skin lesion and t is the most deadliest form of skin cancer. Melanoma forms 4% from all skin cancer cases and it accounts for 75% of all skin cancer deaths. Even when the expert dermatologists uses the dermoscopy for diagnosis, the accuracy of melanoma diagnosis is estimated to be about 75–84%. The aim of this work classify skin lesions like normally, atypical and melanoma using artificial intelligence techniques and help to decide of the expert dermatologists in diagnosis for melanoma. Decision support system, which will be held improve both the speed and the accuracy of diagnosis. In this study that done for the classification of skin lesions with ANN, were correctly classified 100% normal skin lesions according to data from the data set PH2. Abnormal and melanoma skin cancers are correctly classified %93.3 with neural network that performed. As a result, the findings that were obtained have indicated the decision support system will be help to the dermatologists in the diagnosis of skin lesions.
Identification of an excitonic phonon sideband by photoluminescence spectroscopy of single-walled carbon-13 nanotubes

We have studied photoluminescence and resonant Raman scattering of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) consisting of carbon-13 $({\mathrm{SW}}^{13}\mathrm{CNTs})$ synthesized from a small amount of isotopically modified ethanol. There was almost no change in the Raman spectra shape for ${\mathrm{SW}}^{13}\mathrm{CNTs}$ except for a downshift of the Raman shift frequency by the square root of the mass ratio $12∕13$. By comparing photoluminescence excitation spectra of ${\mathrm{SW}}^{13}\mathrm{CNTs}$ and normal SWNTs, the excitonic phonon sideband due to strong exciton-phonon interaction was clearly identified with the expected isotope shift. In addition to the direct experimental proof of the strong exciton-phonon interaction, we also found low-intensity ``pure electronic'' features whose origin has never been elucidated.
Spatial dialog for space system autonomy

Future space operations will increasingly demand cooperation between humans and autonomous space systems such as robots, observer satellites, and distributed components. Human team members use a combination of gestures, gaze, posture, deictic references and speech to communicate effectively. When a human team collaborates on a given task, they discuss the task, create a plan and then review this plan prior to execution to ensure success. This is exactly the process we envision for effective human-autonomous agent collaborative teamwork. Visual spatial information is a common reference for increased shared situation awareness between humans and autonomous systems. We use a spatial dialog approach to enable multiple humans to naturally and effectively communicate and work with multiple autonomous space systems. With this in mind, we have created a prototype spatial dialog system to support teamwork between humans and autonomous robotic agents. We combine augmented reality gesture interaction and visualization with speech to realize a spatial dialog capability. This paper describes our prototype, general approach, and related issues for team-oriented spatial dialog interaction with autonomous space systems.
HIV-related neurocognitive impairment – A review

Neurocognitive impairments following central nervous system opportunistic infections and HIV-associated dementia (HAD) were common clinical features of HIV infection prior to anti-retroviral therapy. As HIV infection has evolved from an invariably fatal disease with a poor prognosis to a condition requiring long-term management, HIV-related neurocognitive disorders have been the subject of increasing research. This review will examine the recent changes in the understanding of the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) including the changing epidemiology, risk factors associated with its development, methods for screening for the disorders and evolving treatment options.
A volumetric multi-cameras method dedicated to road traffic monitoring

This paper deals with the issue of using multi-cameras for road traffic monitoring. The aim is to remove the classic monocular ambiguities and to retrieve the objects' height. An efficient and simple calibration method is introduced. It has the particularity to be connected to the geometry constraints of the road. The method relies on projective geometry and uses the structure of the plane at infinity. In a second stage, a high speed matching procedure is introduced. It is based on an altitude planar decomposition of the road scene. The method naturally achieves two tasks due to altitudes sampling. Match and reconstruction become simultaneous. Finally, experimental results are presented.
The observation competence of grade six science students

The primary goal of this study was to examine the ability of grade six students with the science process skill and critical thinking skill of observation. Twenty-four students were interviewed as they worked through a series of science activities that required them to make and report observations. Their reports were analyzed using the various conditions of observation competence in a model by Norris (1984). This model lists various conditions which facilitate good observation. Factors such as the observer being alert, having theoretical understanding, and using precise methods are the types of conditions that are included. -- The typical grade six student was found to be considerably lacking in observation ability when probed with non-leading questions. Among the weaknesses, there was a general lack of alertness, theoretical understanding, and poor competence in reporting observations in a record. However, in response to leading questions, there was a much more satisfactory level of competence, except for the area of theoretical understanding which showed no leading probe effect. -- Students' reports were used to produce qualitative descriptions of the typical student, as well as of three individuals who represent an average observer, an above-average observer and a below-average observer. These individual descriptions detail specifically the level of proficiency each student possesses with each category of observation competence, and provides illustrations of how the students displayed this competence in their responses to questions and in their behaviours while conducting the activities.
Human trabecular meshwork cells secrete neurotrophins and express neurotrophin receptors (Trk).

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the mRNA expression of neurotrophins (NTs) and NT receptors (Trk) in cultured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells and ex vivo HTM tissues, to immunolocalize both NT and Trk receptors in cultured HTM cells, and to demonstrate secretion of NTs by HTM cells. METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of NT and Trk receptor mRNAs in early-passaged, cultured HTM cells from donors of several ages. RT-PCR was used on ex vivo HTM tissues from donors to compare and contrast mRNA expression with cell culture results. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to localize the translated NT and low- (p75) and high- (Trk) affinity NT receptor proteins within cultured HTM cells and trabecular meshwork tissues. Last, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to demonstrate secretion of NTs by HTM cells. RESULTS Amplification products of the expected size for NTs were detected in both cultured HTM cells and ex vivo HTM tissues. Specifically identified were amplification products for the following NTs: NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4. Amplification products for the full-length Trk A and Trk C high-affinity receptor were observed, as well as truncated isoforms for Trk B and Trk C. No amplification products were produced for the full-length Trk B receptor nor for the low-affinity p75 receptor. Immunohistochemistry indicated that proteins for the various NTs and full-length and truncated Trk receptors were translated by cultured HTM cells and tissues. Immunoassays (ELISA) detected BDNF, NT-4, NGF, and NT-3 in the culture media from HTM cells. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate, for the first time, mRNA expression for NT and Trk receptors by both cultured HTM cells and ex vivo HTM tissues. NTs were immunolocalized in HTM tissues and cultured HTM cells are capable of secreting NTs. Specific NTs acting through high-affinity Trk receptors within the HTM may be involved in maintaining the normal function of this complex tissue.
Commentary: Trade-offs in scaling up HIV treatment in South Africa.

This commentary focuses on how the cost-effectiveness of a chosen HIV treatment strategy has an influence on the costs of scaling up as well as the constraints of going to scale and ultimately on coverage or equitable access for all in need. It concludes that if there are constraints to achieving equitable access to more effective forms of ART then the more cost-effective forms of care might allow for higher access to care for those in need.
RNA-Rocket: an RNA-Seq analysis resource for infectious disease research

Motivation: RNA-Seq is a method for profiling transcription using high-throughput sequencing and is an important component of many research projects that wish to study transcript isoforms, condition specific expression, and transcriptional structure. The methods, tools, and technologies employed to perform RNA-Seq analysis continue to change, creating a bioinformatics challenge for researchers who wish to exploit these data. Resources that bring together genomic data, analysis tools, educational material, and computational infrastructure can minimize the overhead required of life science researchers. Results: RNA-Rocket is a free service that provides access to RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analysis tools for studying infectious diseases. The site makes available thousands of pre-indexed genomes, their annotations, and the ability to stream results to the bioinformatics resources VectorBase, EuPathDB, and PATRIC. The site also provides a combination of experimental data and metadata, examples of pre-computed analysis, step-by-step guides, and a user interface designed to enable both novice and experienced users of RNA-Seq data. Availability: RNA-Rocket can be found at rnaseq.pathogenportal. org Source code for this project can be found at github.com/cidvbi/PathogenPortal
Net generation students: agency and choice and the new technologies

Based on research investigating English first-year university students, this paper examined the case made for a new generation of young learners often described as the Net Generation or Digital Natives in terms of agency and choice. Generational arguments set out a case that links young people's attitudes and orientations to their lifelong exposure to networked and digital technologies. This paper drew on interview data from mixed methods research to suggest that the picture is more complex than the equation of exposure to new technologies and a generational change of attitudes and capacities. Starting from the position that interaction with technology is mediated by activity and an intentional stance, we examined the choices students make with regard to the technologies they engage with. We explored the perceived constraints students face and the way they either comply or resist such constraints. We concluded that agency actively shapes student engagement with technology but that an adequate conception of agency must expand beyond the person and the self to include notions of collective agency identifying the meso level as an activity system that mediates between the students and their technological setting.
Group testing meets traitor tracing

This paper links two a priori different topics, group testing and traitor tracing. Group testing, as an instantiation of a compressed sensing problem over binary data, is indeed easier than traitor tracing because the mixing model is far simpler. State-of-the-art algorithms for traitor tracing, including the celebrated probabilistic Tardos code, are applied to the group testing problem. They yield better than or competitive performance when compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Effects of Indoxylsulfate on the in vitro Hepatic Metabolism of Various Compounds Using Human Liver Microsomes and Hepatocytes

Background: Alterations of hepatic drug metabolism in patients with renal failure are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of uremic substances that can be removed by hemodialysis on in vitrohepatic drug metabolism were studied using human liver microsomes and hepatocytes. Methods: The metabolism of various compounds that undergo oxidation and glucuronidation in the liver was studied using human liver microsomes and hepatocytes in the presence of 11 uremic substances removable by hemodialysis. Results: The formation of resorufin from ethoxyresorufin was inhibited by 3-indoxylsulfate and 3-indoleacetic acid. The formation of 6β-hydroxytestosterone from testosterone was inhibited only by 3-indoxylsulfate. These uremic substances reduced the maximum metabolic rate but not the affinity, suggesting that the inhibitory mechanism was noncompetitive. The inhibition of formation of resorufin and 6β-hydroxytestosterone by 3-indoxylsulfate was also observed in human hepatocytes. The elimination of nicardipine in liver microsomes was decreased significantly in the presence of 3-indoxylsulfate and 3-indoleacetic acid. Conclusion: The hepatic metabolism of certain drugs may be inhibited directly by uremic substances such as 3-indoxylsulfate that accumulate in the plasma in patients with chronic renal failure.
Line spectrum pair (LSP) and speech data compression

Line Spectrum Pair (LSP) was first introduced by Itakura [1,2] as an alternative LPC spectral representations. It was found that this new representation has such interesting properties as (1) all zeros of LSP polynomials are on the unit circle, (2) the corresponding zeros of the symmetric and anti-symmetric LSP polynomials are interlaced, and (3) the reconstructed LPC all-pole filter preserves its minimum phase property if (1) and (2) are kept intact through a quantization procedure. In this paper we prove all these properties via a "phase function. " The statistical characteristics of LSP frequencies are investigated by analyzing a speech data base. In addition, we derive an expression for spectral sensitivity with respect to single LSP frequency deviation such that some insight on their quantization effects can be obtained. Results on multi-pulse LPC using LSP for spectral information compression are finally presented.
Homocysteine and carotid intima-media thickness in ischemic stroke patients are not correlated

Introduction Hyperhomocysteinemia has been linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by numerous authors. Whether this association is causal or not remains uncertain. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with the degree of carotid atherosclerosis in stroke patients. Methods We studied 97 Greek patients in our stroke unit who were hospitalized as a result of ischemic stroke between March 2006 and May 2007. The patients were divided into two groups: the first (52 patients) included stroke patients with serum levels of homocysteine below 15 μmol/L, but in the second group (45 patients) serum homocysteine exceeded this value. We measured carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in all patients and correlated it with serum homocysteine. Results The mean homocysteine concentration was 11.5 μmol/L in the first group and 21.5 μmol/L in the second group. Carotid IMT was 1.012 mm in the first group, and 1.015 mm in the second group, an insignificant difference. On the contrary, serum folate concentration was 21.3 nmol/L in the first group compared with 16.7 nmol/L in the second group (p < 0.001). VitB12 was 401 pmol/L in the first group and 340 pmol/L in the second group, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusions Serum levels of homocysteine were not correlated with cIMT in ischemic stroke patients. Both folate and vitB12 were decreased in hyperhomocysteinemic ischemic stroke patients.
Rates of central nervous system (CNS) metastases in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and somatic EGFR mutations initially treated with gefitinib or erlotinib versus chemotherapy.

7607 Background: The impact of tumor genotype and targeted therapies on the control and development of CNS metastases from NSCLC has not been extensively studied. We recently reported a lower than expected rate of CNS progression in patients with advanced NSCLC and somatic EGFR mutations initially treated with gefitinib or erlotinib. This retrospective study was undertaken to investigate the impact of gefitinib or erlotinib versus chemotherapy on the risk of CNS progression in EGFR mutant advanced NSCLC patients. METHODS Patients with stage IV or relapsed NSCLC with somatic EGFR mutations seen at the DFCI between 8/00 and 2/10 who were initially treated with gefitinib or erlotinib or chemotherapy without receiving gefitinib or erlotinib for at least 6 months were identified from a prospective trial. The cumulative risk of CNS progression was calculated using death as a competing risk. RESULTS 129 EGFR mutant patients were eligible (99 EGFR-TKI, 30 chemotherapy). 21 patients (21%) in the EGFR-TKI group and 9 patients (30%) in the chemotherapy group had brain metastases at the time of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC (P=0.331); 28 of the 30 received CNS therapy before initiating systemic treatment. 30 patients (30%) in the EGFR-TKI group and 15 patients (50%) in the chemotherapy group developed CNS progression after a median potential follow-up of 49 months (P=0.04). The 1- and 2-year cumulative risk of CNS progression was 5% (95% CI, 2-11) and 21% (95% CI, 13-30), respectively, in the EGFR-TKI group compared with corresponding rates of 24% (95% CI, 10-40) and 31% (95% CI, 15-48) in the chemotherapy group. PFS was prolonged in patients initially treated with an EGFR-TKI (median 11.5 vs. 6.9 mo; P<0.001), whereas there was no difference in OS (median 32.2 vs. 36.2 mo; P=0.366). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest lower rates of CNS progression in EGFR mutant advanced NSCLC patients initially treated with gefitinib or erlotinib compared with upfront chemotherapy. Additional patients with advanced NSCLC initially treated with chemotherapy are undergoing EGFR sequencing to increase the number of EGFR mutant patients treated with chemotherapy.