Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exposure to a High-Fat Diet During Development Alters Leptin and Ghrelin Sensitivity and Elevates Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Arterial Pressure in Rabbits

Exposure to maternal obesity or a maternal diet rich in fat during development may have adverse outcomes in offspring, such as the development of obesity and hypertension. The present study examined the effect of a maternal high-fat diet (m-HFD) on offspring blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity, responses to stress, and sensitivity to central administration of leptin and ghrelin. Offspring of New Zealand white rabbits fed a 13% HFD were slightly heavier than offspring from mothers fed a 4% maternal normal fat diet (P<0.05) but had 64% greater fat pad mass (P=0.015). Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity at 4 months of age were 7%, 7%, and 24% greater, respectively (P<0.001), in m-HFD compared with maternal normal fat diet rabbits, and the renal sympathetic nerve activity response to airjet stress was enhanced in the m-HFD group. m-HFD offspring had markedly elevated pressor and renal sympathetic nerve activity responses to intracerebroventricular leptin (5–100 µg) and enhanced sympathetic responses to intracerebroventricular ghrelin (1–5 nmol). In contrast, there was resistance to the anorexic effects of intracerebroventricular leptin and less neuronal activation as detected by Fos immunohistochemistry in the arcuate (−57%; P<0.001) and paraventricular (−37%; P<0.05) nuclei of the hypothalamus in m-HFD offspring compared with maternal normal fat diet rabbits. We conclude that offspring from mothers consuming an HFD exhibit an adverse cardiovascular profile in adulthood because of altered central hypothalamic sensitivity to leptin and ghrelin.
1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-promoted decomposition of difluorocarbene and the subsequent trifluoromethylation.

Difluorocarbene derived from various carbene precursors could be effectively decomposed by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4. 0]undec-7-ene (DBU). This decomposition process was successfully applied in the subsequent trifluoromethylation of a variety of (hetero)aryl iodides without the addition of an external fluoride ion. Mechanistic investigation revealed the detailed difluorocarbene conversion process in which the decomposed difluorocarbene is finally transformed into a fluoride ion and carbon monoxide.
Linguistic variation in the Shakespeare corpus

This study investigates the morpho-syntactic variability of the second person pronouns in the Shakespeare Corpus, seeking to elucidate the factors that underlie their choice. The major part of the work is devoted to analyzing the variation between you and thou, but it also includes chapters that deal with the variation between thy and thine and between ye and you. Methodologically, the study makes use of descriptive statistics, but incorporates both quantitative and qualitative features, drawing in particular on research methods recently developed within the fields of corpus linguistics, socio-historical linguistics and historical pragmatics. By making comparisons to other corpora on Early Modern English the work does not only contribute to Shakespeare studies, but on a broader scale also to language change by providing new and more detailed insights into the mechanisms that have led to a restructuring of the pronoun paradigm in the Early Modern period.
Knowledge and Perceptions of Diabetes in an Appalachian Population

Introduction Qualitative research on knowledge and perceptions of diabetes is limited in the Appalachian region, where social, economic, and behavioral risk factors put many individuals at high risk for diabetes. The aim of this study was to gain a culturally informed understanding of diabetes in the Appalachian region by 1) determining cultural knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of diabetes among those who live in the region; 2) identifying concerns and barriers to care for those with diabetes; and 3) determining the barriers and facilitators to developing interventions for the prevention and early detection of diabetes in Appalachia. Methods Thirteen focus groups were conducted in 16 counties in West Virginia in 1999. Seven of the groups were composed of persons with diabetes (n = 61), and six were composed of community members without diabetes (n = 40). Participants included 73 women and 28 men (n = 101). Results Findings show that among this population there is lack of knowledge about diabetes before and after diagnosis and little perception that a risk of diabetes exists (unless there is a family history of diabetes). Social interactions are negatively affected by having diabetes, and cultural and economic barriers to early detection and care create obstacles to the early detection of diabetes and education of those diagnosed. Conclusion Public health education and community-level interventions for primary prevention of diabetes in addition to behavior change to improve the management of diabetes are needed to reduce the health disparities related to diabetes in West Virginia.
Study of removal effect on Mesocyclops leukarti with oxidants

Cyclops of zooplankton propagates prolifically in eutrophic waterbody and it cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process. The mutagenicity of Mesocyclops leukarti and its extermination with oxidants in a drinking waterworks in China were studied. Among five oxidants for use in bench-scale, chlorine dioxide is the most effective and the potassium permanganate is the weakest against Mesocyclops leukarti under the same conditions. Full-scale results showed that Mesocyclops leukarti could be effectively removed from water by 1.0 mg/L chlorine dioxide preoxidation combined with conventional removal physical process. After filtration, chlorite, a by-product of prechlorine dioxide, is stable at 0.45 mg/L, which is lower than the critical value of the USEPA. GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the quantity of organic substance and the mutagenicity in water treated by chlorine dioxide preoxidation are obviously less than those of prechlorination.
Empathy in the Treatment of Trauma and PTSD

Foreword. Acknowledgments. The Transmitting Unconscious of Traumatization. The Matrix of Empathy. Structure and Dynamics of Interpersonal Processes in Treatment of PTSD. A Model of Empathy in Trauma Work. The Balance Beam: Modes of Empathic Attunement and Empathic Strain in Post-Traumatic Therapy. Empathic Rupture and Affect Dysregulation: Countertransference in the Treatment of PTSD. Anxiety and Defensiveness in the Trauma Therapist. Empathy and Traumatoid States. Therapist Reactions in Post-Traumatic Therapy: A Study of Empathic Strain in Trauma Work. Understanding the Nature of Traumatoid States. The Positive Therapeutic Effects of Empathic Attunement and the Transformation of Trauma. Appendix. Clinicians Trauma Reaction Survey Questionnaire. Index.
Facilitating Processor-Based DPR Systems for non-DPR Experts

Currently, only Xilinx field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) support dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR). While there is currently some computer aided design (CAD) tool support for ISE-based DPR designs, none exists for microprocessor-based designs created in EDK. Creating DPR systems with the limited tool support currently available for ISE-based systems is already a challenging and complex process for novice DPR designers. These difficulties are severely compounded for potential microprocessor-based designs requiring a significant learning curve for novice DPR designers before they can successfully create their first working DPR system. This paper presents preliminary work towards extending the automation in Xilinx®'s current DPR design flow to include microprocessor based systems. The objective is to abstract low level details for novice designers, allowing them to focus on learning how to improve the quality of their design as opposed to how to perform the necessary manual transformations to generate a preliminary functional design. A case study demonstrated that the learning curve required to implement a first working design could be reduced by more than a factor of 15 times by improving the current automation available for microprocessor-based EDK designs.
Race-Specific Relationships Between Coronary and Carotid Artery Calcification and Carotid Intimal Medial Thickness

Background and Purpose— Calcified arterial plaque has been proposed as a subclinical marker of atherosclerosis. We compared it to a well-validated surrogate—carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT). Methods— Calcified arterial plaque was measured in 2 vascular beds (coronary and carotid) by computed tomography, and common carotid artery IMT was measured by B-mode ultrasonography, in 438 participants. Results— Calcium was positively associated with IMT (r = 0.36 for coronary and r = 0.45 for carotid, both P < 0.0001). Correlations were attenuated with adjustment for age, sex, and diabetes. Conclusions— Calcified plaque in the coronary and carotid arteries is moderately associated with subclinical atherosclerosis.
Evaluation of androgen receptor and GATA binding protein 3 as immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma to the lung

Differentiating metastatic breast carcinoma in the lungs from primary lung tumors and mesotheliomas is important for determining prognosis and treatment. We evaluated novel breast specific markers, androgen receptor (AR) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) immunohistostaining, for this differential, and compare to other traditional markers. The specimens comprised 33 metastatic breast carcinomas to the lung, 566 primary lung tumors (170 adenocarcinomas, 157 squamous cell carcinomas, 31 pleomorphic carcinomas, 115 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 43 small cell carcinomas, and 49 typical carcinoids) and 42 malignant mesotheliomas. They were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to AR, GATA3, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), mammaglobin, gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP‐15). Of the metastatic breast carcinomas, immunohistostaining of AR, GATA3, ER, PgR, mammaglobin, GCDFP‐15 were positive in 27 cases (81.8%), 24 cases (72.7%), 26 cases (78.8%), 13 cases (39.4%), 12 cases (36.4%), 9 cases (27.3%), respectively. Of primary lung tumors and mesotheliomas, staining of AR, GATA3, ER, PgR, mammaglobin, GCDFP‐15 were positive in 18 cases (3%), 3 cases (0.5%), 4 cases (0.7%), 2 cases (0.3%), 0 case (0%), 2 cases (0.3%), respectively. Immunohistochemistry of AR and GATA3 are reliable for differentiating metastatic breast carcinoma from primary lung tumors and mesotheliomas.
Prediction interval-based ANFIS controller for nonlinear processes

Prediction interval (PI) has been appeared as a promising tool to quantify the uncertainties and disturbances associated with point forecasts. Despite of its numerous applications in prediction problems, the use of PIs in control application is still limited. In this paper, a PI-based ANFIS controller is proposed and designed for nonlinear systems. In the proposed algorithm, a PI-based neural network model (PI-NN) is developed to construct the PIs, and this model is used as an online estimator of PIs for the controller. The PIs along with other traditional inputs are used to train the inverse ANFIS model. The developed PI-based ANFIS model is then used as a nonlinear PI-based controller (PIC). The performance of the proposed PIC is examined for a nonlinear numerical plant. Simulation results revealed that the proposed PIC performance is superior over the traditional ANFIS-based controller.
Autoconcepto, ansiedad social y sintomatología depresiva en adolescentes españoles según su orientación sexual

Non-heterosexual adolescents are at risk for developing emotional problems because of social stigma and adaptation difficulties. In Spain there are hardly any data on the state of this population during adolescence. The objective of this study was to ex-amine differences in self-concept, depressive symp-toms and social anxiety in adolescents based on their sexual orientation. Participants were 832 adolescents aged between 14 and 18, who reported their sexual orientation and completed the Beck Depression In-ventory (BDI), the Social Anxiety Scale for Adoles-cents (SAS-A) and the Marsh Self-Description Ques-tionnaire- abbreviated version (SDQII-S). Compari-sons were made between two groups: heterosexuals (n = 60) and non-heterosexuals (n = 56). Non-heterosexual adolescents had higher depressive symptoms, better self-concept in physical ability and lower in honesty. There were no differences in social anxiety between groups. This study shows that ado-lescents’ sexual orientation is related to their self-concept and mood but not anxiety in social relation-ships. These data are useful to prevent and address early potential emotional problems in adolescents re-lated to their sexual orientation.
Diachronic-information visualization in historical dictionaries

The field of computational linguistics has been dealing with the modeling of natural language from a computational perspective since the 1950s. However, the usage of advanced and interactive visualization techniques is very limited. This is especially the case of diachronic linguistics, which is devoted to the study of language change. This work is part of a project that aims to provide novel highly interactive visual solutions to ease the task of lexicographers, ensuring a rigorous treatment of the vocabulary beyond the use of traditional lexicographic sources and overcoming certain limitations of corpus linguistics. This article focuses on the choices made for the design and development of an interactive visual tool that supports different tasks related to the processes of drawing up and consulting historical dictionaries. Particularly, we describe solutions for the exploitation, analysis, and expert-directed validation of the data compiled in the available dictionaries in a manner that is both automatic (provided by computational methods) and intelligent (provided by the experts). We thus describe diachronlex diagrams, an interactive visual solution that facilitates linguistic work related to the understanding of the temporal evolution and the lexical relationships between the different meanings registered in subsequent editions of a dictionary.
STRESS OF CAREGIVERS OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS IN THE SINGAPORE CHINESE FAMILY

In a study of 50 family caregivers of elderly Chinese patients with dementia in Singapore, 28 (56%) scored five points or more on the 28‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The GHQ scores correlated significantly with duration of care; presence of delusion, hallucination, depression, insomnia, incontinence and agitation; and the total score of the Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale. On multiple regression analysis the only variables to achieve a significant relationship with the GHQ scores were duration of care, depression and the total behavioural score. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Rings to Bulges: Evidence for Rapid Secular Galaxy Evolution at z ~ 2 from Integral Field Spectroscopy in the SINS Survey

We present Hα integral field spectroscopy of well-resolved, UV/optically selected z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies as part of the SINS survey with SINFONI on the ESO VLT. Our laser guide star adaptive optics and good seeing data show the presence of turbulent rotating star-forming outer rings/disks, plus central bulge/inner disk components, whose mass fractions relative to the total dynamical mass appear to scale with the [N II]/Hα flux ratio and the star formation age. We propose that the buildup of the central disks and bulges of massive galaxies at z ∼ 2 can be driven by the early secular evolution of gas-rich proto-disks. High-redshift disks exhibit large random motions. This turbulence may in part be stirred up by the release of gravitational energy in the rapid “cold” accretion flows along the filaments of the cosmic web. As a result, dynamical friction and viscous processes proceed on a timescale of <1 Gyr, at least an order of magnitude faster than in z ∼ 0 disk galaxies. Early secular evolution thus drives gas and stars into the central regions and can build up exponential disks and massive bulges, even without major mergers. Secular evolution along with increased efficiency of star formation at high surface densities may also help to account for the short timescales of the stellar buildup observed in massive galaxies at z ∼ 2.
Stimulation of the weak ATPase activity of human hsp90 by a client protein.

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in the folding and assembly of a limited set of "client" proteins, many of which are involved in signal transduction pathways. In vivo, it is found in complex with additional proteins, including the chaperones Hsp70, Hsp40, Hip and Hop (Hsp-interacting and Hsp-organising proteins, respectively), as well as high molecular mass immunophilins, such as FKBP59, and the small acidic protein p23. The role of these proteins in Hsp90-mediated assembly processes is poorly understood. It is known that ATP binding and hydrolysis are essential for Hsp90 function in vivo and in vitro. Here we show, for the first time, that human Hsp90 has ATPase activity in vitro. The ATPase activity is characterised using a sensitive assay based on a chemically modified form of the phosphate-binding protein from Escherichia coli. Human Hsp90 is a very weak ATPase, its activity is significantly lower than that of the yeast homologue, and it has a half-life of ATP hydrolysis of eight minutes at 37 degrees C. Using a physiological substrate of Hsp90, the ligand-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor, we show that this "client" protein can stimulate the ATPase activity up to 200-fold. This effect is highly specific and unfolded or partially folded proteins, which are known to bind to Hsp90, do not affect the ATPase activity. In addition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, which is related in both sequence and structure to the glucocorticoid receptor but which does not bind Hsp90, has no observable effect on the ATPase activity. We establish the effect of the co-chaperones Hop, FKBP59 and p23 on the basal ATPase activity as well as the client protein-stimulated ATPase activity of human Hsp90. In contrast with the yeast system, human Hop has little effect on the basal rate of ATP hydrolysis but significantly inhibits the client-protein stimulated rate. Similarly, FKBP59 has little effect on the basal rate but stimulates the client-protein stimulated rate further. In contrast, p23 inhibits both the basal and stimulated rates of ATP hydrolysis. Our results show that the ATPase activity of human Hsp90 is highly regulated by both client protein and co-chaperone binding. We suggest that the rate of ATP hydrolysis is critical to the mode of action of Hsp90, consistent with results that have shown that both over and under-active ATPase mutants of yeast Hsp90 have impaired function in vivo. We suggest that the tight regulation of the ATPase activity of Hsp90 is important and allows the client protein to remain bound to Hsp90 for sufficient time for activation to occur.
EVS 24 Stavanger , Norway , May 13-16 , 2009 Analysis of the Impact of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Residential Distribution Grids by using Quadratic and Dynamic Programming

The charging of batteries of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles at home at standard outlets has an impact on the distribution grid which may require serious investments in grid expansion. The coordination of the charging gives an improvement of the grid exploitation in terms of reduced power losses and voltage deviations with respect to uncoordinated charging. The vehicles must be dispatchable to achieve the most efficient solution. As the exact forecasting of household loads is not possible, stochastic programming is introduced. Two main techniques are analyzed in this paper: quadratic and dynamic programming. Both techniques are compared in results and storage requirements. The charging can be coordinated directly or indirectly by the grid utility or an aggregator who will sell the aggregated demand of PHEVs at the utility. PHEVs can also discharge and so inject energy in the grid to restrict voltage drops. The amount of energy that is injected in the grid depends on the price tariffs, the charging and discharging efficiencies and the battery energy content. The impact of a voltage controller embedded in a PHEV charger is regarded in this paper. A day and night tariff are applied. The charging and discharging of vehicles can respond to real-time pricing or on a price-schedule as well. Voltage control is the first step in the utilization of distributed resources like PHEVs for ancillary services.
Not Just Math and English: Courses That Pose Obstacles to Community College Completion. CCRC Working Paper No. 52.

Discussions of the barriers to completion in community colleges have largely focused on student success in introductory college-level math and English courses, and rightfully so, since these courses are typically required for degrees. However, there is a much broader range of courses that also serve as “gatekeepers” in the sense that they are obstacles to completion. This paper offers methods for identifying these courses and for assessing the relative extent of the obstacle to completion each of them poses. We compare the performance in these courses of students who successfully completed a credential with those who did not. We find that the difficulty students experience in succeeding in many other introductory courses is just as great as that posed by college math and English. If colleges want to reduce impediments to graduation, they therefore need to look at a broader range of courses than just math and English and devise strategies for improving student achievement in these courses as well. We also find that overall GPA in college courses is a stronger predictor of completion than performance in any one course. This suggests that colleges need to monitor students’ overall performance to identify those who are in danger of not completing and design academic and non-academic interventions to help them succeed. Conversely, colleges need also to identify students who did well in these obstacle courses but have dropped out, so that they can encourage them to continue. It also suggests that remedial instruction, which is typically focused on math and English, should be rethought and its scope broadened.
A Survey on Boosting High dimensional Feature Selection Classification

Classification problems in high dimensional data with small number of observations are becoming more common particularly in microarray data. Throughout the last two decades, plenty of efficient categorization models and feature selection (FS) algorithms have been planned for high prediction accuracies. The optimal Linear Programming Boosting (LPBoost) is a supervise classifier since the boosting family of classifiers. To predict or the feature selection (FS) algorithm applied is not efficient with the accurate data set. The LP Boost maximizes a margin between training samples of dissimilar classes and therefore also belongs to the class of margin-maximizing supervised classification algorithms. Therefore, Booster can also be used as a criterion to estimate the act of an FS algorithm or to estimate the complexity of a data set for classification. LPBoost iteratively optimizes double misclassification costs and vigorously generates pathetic hypotheses to build new LP columns.