Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjective social status in the school and change in adiposity in female adolescents: findings from a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether subjective social standing in school predicts a change in body mass index (BMI) in adolescent girls during a 2-year period. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Self-report questionnaires from a community-based population of adolescent girls living across the United States from 1999 to 2001. PARTICIPANTS Of 5723 girls aged 12 to 18 years participating in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), adequate information was available for 4446 (78%), who provided the analytic sample. MAIN EXPOSURE Low subjective social status in the school. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in BMI between 1999 and 2001 and multivariable odds ratio for a 2-U increase in BMI in girls with low subjective social status in the school compared with girls with higher subjective social status in the school. RESULTS After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, baseline BMI, diet, television viewing, depression, global and social self-esteem, menarche, height growth, mother's BMI, and pretax household income, adolescent girls who placed themselves on the low end of the school subjective social status scale had a 69% increased odds of having a 2-unit increase in BMI (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.60) during the next 2 years compared with other girls. CONCLUSION Higher subjective social standing in school may protect against gains in adiposity in adolescent girls.
Incremental learning fuzzy measures with Choquet integrals in fusion system

A new neural network architecture is introduced for incremental learning fuzzy measure for Choquet integrals based fusion system. The proposed approach differs from other determining fuzzy measure methods by its suitability to incremental learning fuzzy measures. The fuzzy measure is treated as the weights of the neural networks. An additional neural network is introduced to accommodate new data when new samples arrive, including examples that correspond to previously unseen classes. Furthermore, the algorithm does not require access to previously used data during subsequent incremental learning sessions, but preserve the center of a batch of samples. At the same time, it does not forget previously acquired knowledge. The outputs of the resulting classifier fusion systems are combined using a weighted majority procedure where the weights are dependent on the performance of the fusion system and the distance of testing samples and the centers of each batch. We present simulation results on several benchmark datasets as well as a real-world classification task. Initial results indicate that the proposed algorithm works rather well in practice.
Access control using a unified hierarchy technique

Access control is a fundamental security issue in any computer or communication system where there are users and resources. Recently a novel approach for access control, called unified hierarchy (UH), was proposed. In this paper, we present algorithms for implementing unified hierarchy and combining two unified hierarchies into one. Further, we propose typical queries for unified hierarchy and show that most of these queries can be executed more efficiently in the unified hierarchy approach compared to other approaches for access control.
Is the theory of planned behavior a useful framework for understanding exercise adherence during phase II cardiac rehabilitation?

PURPOSE This study evaluated the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework for understanding exercise adherence during phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR). METHODS A total of 215 patients completed a baseline questionnaire that included the TPB constructs and past exercise. Exercise adherence was measured via program attendance during phase II CR. RESULTS Hierarchic regression analyses indicated that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 30% of the variance in exercise intention, with attitude, subjective norm, and PBC each making significant unique contributions to intention. Furthermore, exercise intention explained 12% of the variance in exercise adherence. Finally, the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs provided novel information concerning why patients in phase II CR hold certain attitudes, subjective norms, PBC, and exercise intentions. CONCLUSION Results of the present study provide evidence that the TPB is a useful framework for understanding exercise intentions and adherence during phase II CR.
Fostering Critical Thinking Using Instructional Strategies in English Classes

The aim of the chapter is to provide both theoretical and practical ideas about critical thinking development within English language teaching contexts. Encouraging language learners to be critical thinkers is important in teaching English as a foreign language. However, achieving the goal remains a challenge. Using various strategies together seem to be effective when properly implemented. Therefore this chapter outlines these strategies which include communicative language tasks, using authentic meaningful texts, using critical literacy, being aware of whole-brain learning, adopting a reflective teaching, enabling students to become autonomous, using explicit instruction, teacher questioning, using active and cooperative learning strategies, using literature in English classes, using creative drama, and adopting self-assessment. Teachers can enable learners to have critical thinking skills and more efficient English lessons by combining these strategies in a new way or by designing critical thinking activities in the classroom.
Detection of Planetary Transits Across a Sun-like Star

We report high-precision, high-cadence photometric measurements of the star HD 209458, which is known from radial velocity measurements to have a planetary-mass companion in a close orbit. We detect two separate transit events at times that are consistent with the radial velocity measurements. In both cases, the detailed shape of the transit curve due to both the limb darkening of the star and the finite size of the planet is clearly evident. Assuming stellar parameters of 1.1 R⊙ and 1.1 M⊙, we find that the data are best interpreted as a gas giant with a radius of 1.27 ± 0.02 RJup in an orbit with an inclination of 87. °1 ± 0. °2. We present values for the planetary surface gravity, escape velocity, and average density and discuss the numerous observations that are warranted now that a planet is known to transit the disk of its parent star.
Intrauterine Infection and Preterm Labor

Preterm birth remains the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Evidence suggests that intrauterine infection plays an important role in the pathogenesis of preterm labor. This article reviews the clinical data supporting this theory and the cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which intrauterine infection may initiate uterine contractions. The clinical and laboratory methods of diagnosing clinical chorioamnionitis and asymptomatic bacterial invasion of the intraamniotic cavity are also reviewed. Finally, the management of clinical chorioamnionitis and asymptomatic microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid and the use of adjunctive antibiotic therapy in the treatment of preterm labor are presented.
Design and e-loyalty across cultures in electronic commerce

The increasing incidence of Internet shopping necessitates a better understanding of how e-loyalty is built in online transaction environments between businesses and consumers. In the current investigation website design and culture are important elements related to how website trust, website satisfaction, and e-loyalty evolve in online business relationships. A review of the literature is presented, including hypotheses for testing. Based on data collected on site in Canada, the U.S., Germany and Japan, preliminary results are outlined. Based on the data, all hypotheses received support for cross cultural differences concerning trust, satisfaction, loyalty and design preferences for the local website, but not for the foreign website.
Reflections on HLA Epitope-Based Matching for Transplantation

HLA antibodies are primary causes of transplant rejection; they recognize epitopes that can be structurally defined by eplets. There are many reviews about HLA epitope-based matching in transplantation. This article describes some personal reflections about epitopes including a historical perspective of HLA typing at the antigen and allele levels, the repertoires of antibody-verified HLA epitopes, the use of HLAMatchmaker in determining the specificities of antibodies tested in different assays, and, finally, possible strategies to control HLA antibody responses.
Leibnizian, Galilean and Newtonian structures of space–time

The following three geometrical structures on a manifold are studied in detail: Leibnizian: a nonvanishing one-form Ω plus a Riemannian metric 〈⋅,⋅〉 on its annhilator vector bundle. In particular, the possible dimensions of the automorphism group of a Leibnizian G-structure are characterized. Galilean: Leibnizian structure endowed with an affine connection ∇ (gauge field) which parallelizes Ω and 〈⋅,⋅〉. For any fixed vector field of observers Z(Ω(Z)≡1), an explicit Koszul-type formula which reconstructs bijectively all the possible ∇’s from the gravitational G≔∇ZZ and vorticity ω≔12 rot Z fields (plus eventually the torsion) is provided. Newtonian: Galilean structure with 〈⋅,⋅〉 flat and a field of observers Z which is inertial (its flow preserves the Leibnizian structure and ω≡0). Classical concepts in Newtonian theory are revisited and discussed.
Causal Conceptions in Social Explanation and Moral Evaluation

Understanding the causes of human behavior is essential for advancing one’s interests and for coordinating social relations. The scientific study of how people arrive at such understandings or explanations has unfolded in four distinguishable epochs in psychology, each characterized by a different metaphor that researchers have used to represent how people think as they attribute causality and blame to other individuals. The first epoch was guided by an “intuitive scientist” metaphor, which emphasized whether observers perceived behavior to be caused by the unique tendencies of the actor or by common reactions to the requirements of the situation. This metaphor was displaced in the second epoch by an “intuitive lawyer” depiction that focused on the need to hold people responsible for their misdeeds. The third epoch was dominated by theories of counterfactual thinking, which conveyed a “person as reconstructor” approach that emphasized the antecedents and consequences of imagining alternatives to events, especially harmful ones. With the current upsurge in moral psychology, the fourth epoch emphasizes the moral-evaluative aspect of causal judgment, reflected in a “person as moralist” metaphor. By tracing the progression from the person–environment distinction in early attribution theories to present concerns with moral judgment, our goal is to clarify how causal constructs have been used, how they relate to one another, and what unique attributional problems each addresses.
Output Feedback Controller Design with Symbolic Observers for Cyber-physical Systems

In this paper, we design a symbolic output feedback controller of a cyber-physical system (CPS). The physical plant is modeled by an infinite transition system. We consider the situation that a finite abstracted system of the physical plant, called a c-abstracted system, is given. There exists an approximate alternating simulation relation from the c-abstracted system to the physical plant. A desired behavior of the c-abstracted system is also given, and we have a symbolic state feedback controller of the physical plant. We consider the case where some states of the plant are not measured. Then, to estimate the states with abstracted outputs measured by sensors, we introduce a finite abstracted system of the physical plant, called an o-abstracted system, such that there exists an approximate simulation relation. The relation guarantees that an observer designed based on the state of the o-abstracted system estimates the current state of the plant. We construct a symbolic output feedback controller by composing these systems. By a relation-based approach, we proved that the controlled system approximately exhibits the desired behavior.
Models of Plans to Support Communication: An Initial Report

Agents collaborating to achieve a goal bring to their joint activity different beliefs about ways in which to achieve the goal and the actions necessary for doing so. Thus, a model of collaboration must provide a way of representing and distinguishing among agents' beliefs and of stating the ways in which the intentions of different agents contribute to achieving their goal. Furthermore, in collaborative activity, collaboration occurs in the planning process itself. Thus, rather than modelling plan recognition, per se, what must be modelled is the augmentation of beliefs about the actions of multiple agents and their intentions. In this paper, we modify and expand the SharedPlan model of collaborative behavior (Grosz & Sidner 1990). We present an algorithm for updating an agent's beliefs about a partial SharedPlan and describe an initial implementation of this algorithm in the domain of network management.
Evaluating the impacts of improving irrigation efficiency on water resources system reliability

Climate change has caused numerous problems to management of water resources. Similar to many other countries Iran is also facing water crisis in most of its catchments. As one of the agricultural centers of this region, Dez basin may be affected by the impacts of this climate change. Approximately 4 billion cubic meters of water of this basin is consumed by the agriculture sector on a yearly basis, but the low efficiency of irrigation networks in this region leads to the loss of millions of cubic meters of water each year. Continuation of the current trend will evidently cause serious problems to the supply of water and agricultural future of this region. One of the actions for overcoming these problems involves increasing irrigation efficiency. In this paper, by simulating Dez basin, as an integrated water resource system, the effects of increasing the irrigation efficiency on the reliability of agricultural water from Dez basin were analyzed. The study scenarios consisted of shortand long-term changes of consumption level and management scenarios including a 10% and 20% increase in irrigation efficiency. The combination of these scenarios was simulated in WEAP. Results of the research have been discussed in both shortand long-term. th Annual Meeting of International Commission on Large Dams July 3–7, 2017 Prague, Czech Republic PRAGUE 2017 ICOLD – CIGB
New Approximation Algorithms for Degree Lower-bounded Arborescences and Max-Min Allocation

We consider the problem of MaxMin allocation of indivisible goods. There are m items to be distributed among n players. Each player i has a nonnegative valuation pij for an item j, and the goal is to allocate items to players so as to maximize the minimum total valuation received by each player. There is a large gap in our understanding of this problem. The best known positive result is an Õ( √ n)-approximation algorithm, while there is only a factor 2 hardness known. Better algorithms are known for the restricted assignment case where each item has exactly one nonzero value for the players. We study the effect of bounded degree for items: each item has a nonzero value for at most D players. We show that essentially the case D = 3 is equivalent to the general case, and give a 4-approximation algorithm for D = 2. The current algorithmic results for MaxMin Allocation are based on a complicated LP relaxation called the configuration LP. We present a much simpler LP which is equivalent in power to the configuration LP. We focus on a special case of MaxMin Allocation—a family of instances on which this LP has a polynomially large gap. The technical core of our result for this case comes from an algorithm for an interesting new optimization problem on directed graphs, MaxMinDegree Arborescence, where the goal is to produce an arborescence of large outdegree. We develop an n -approximation for this problem that runs in nO(1/ ) time and obtain a polylogarithmic approximation that runs in quasipolynomial time, using a lift-and-project inspired LP formulation. In fact, we show that our results imply a rounding algorithm for the relaxations obtained by t rounds of the Sherali-Adams hierarchy applied to a natural LP relaxation of the problem. Roughly speaking, the integrality gap of the relaxation obtained from t rounds of Sherali-Adams is at most n1/t. We are able to extend the latter result to a more general class of instances called InfDegreeTwo: each item has infinite utility for at most two players. Along the way, we prove a result about the existence of a perfect matching in a probabilistically pruned graph which may be of independent interest.
FRACTAL ANALYSIS AS AN USEFUL METHOD IN AMPELOGRAPHY

Plant vegetation architecture can be quantified by a range of methods. Fractal analysis provides a novel approach for quantifying the geometric structure of individual plants, leaves and roots. The shape of the leave is the most important morphologic characteristic for Vitis. The leaves can be whole or divided into lobes delimited by sinuses; the different shapes and sizes of the sinuses determine the specific characteristics of the grape varieties. We studied three varieties from table grapes and three for wine grapes. Fractal dimension for the table grape varieties has smaller values than for the wine varieties.
Improving Performance of KNN Algorithm by Using Enhanced CBIR Techniques for Retrieval of MRI Images

CBIR (Content Based Image Retrieval) is a method utilized for the recovery of coveted pictures from a huge collection of pictures in a database on the premise of picture characteristics, for example, coloration, surface and additionally structure that could be effectively and proficiently removed from the pictures themselves. In numerous current provisions with extensive picture databases, conventional techniques for picture recovery and preparing have ended up being inadequate. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is a compelling and mainstream order calculation to group picture information. Notwithstanding, this calculation has its own particular restrictions in specific circumstances. In this paper, an enhanced calculation has been recommended that concentrates on giving enhanced preparing set to KNN which is less in size and more correct joined together with an enhanced SFTA calculation to concentrate emphasizes that serves to concentrate preparing set which is better and diminishes the execution time of KNN calculation.
The in Vitro Differentiation of Mononuclear Phagocytes Ii. the Influence 0~' Serum on Granule Formation, Hyi)rolase P~oducrion~ and Pinocytosis*

Previous communications from this laboratory delineated the events associated with the in vitro cultivation of unstimulated mouse mononuclear phago-cytes (1, 2). These processes included a progressive increase in lysosome-like cytoplasmic granules. In addition, it was shown that two inhibitors of protein synthesis blocked the formation of both granules and hydrolytic enzymes. These data as well as the autoradiographic evidence of newly formed protein in the granule region suggested that this was an active process associated with the formation of new hydrolytic enzymes. This report is an extension of these findings in which the origin, rate of formation, and controlling factors connected with granule and hydrolase production have been examined in more detail. Materials and Methods General Methods. -The methods for harvesting and cultivating mouse peritoneal phago-cytes in Leighton tubes and T-flasks have been outlined previously (1). All chemical and enzymatic methods, cytochemical techniques, and fixatives have been described (1). Photography was performed with phase contrast illumlnation employing the Zei~ ultraphot II microscope. Newborn calf serum and bovine serum as well as medium 199 were obtained from Micro-biological Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Horse serum was obtained from an animal main-talned at The Rockefeller Institute and bled by jugular puncture. Normal rabbit serum was processed from cardiac blood and heat inactivated at 56°C/30 minutes. The Estimation of Pinocytosis. -An estimate of the rate of pinocytosis was obtained by phase contrast microscopy. Cells growing on coverslips in Leighton tubes were employed for all observations. The routine procedure was as follows. The medium was removed and the cells fixed for 10 minutes at 4°C with 1.25 per cent buffered glutaraldchyde. The coverslips were then washed twice with distilled water, mounted in water, sealed with paraffin, and observed the same day. This fixative preserved pinocytic vesicles which had the same size and distribu
Multiple Serotonin-Activated Currents in Isolated, Neuronal Somata from Locust Thoracic Ganglia

1. Three different responses were evoked by pressure micro-application of serotonin onto freshly dissociated, current- and voltage-clamped neuronal somata from the thoracic ganglia of the locust Locusta migratoria . 2. In some neurones, an inward current, I(5HT)K, resulting from a decrease in potassium conductance, with slow kinetics and maximum activation at membrane potentials of −60 to - 70 mV, was evoked by serotonin and by the 5-HT 3 agonist 2-methyl serotonin. This current was completely abolished by either 10 mmoll −1 caesium or 5 mmoll −1 rubidium and partially blocked by 50 mmoll −1 tetraethylammonium or 5 mmoll −1 4-aminopyridine. The response was antagonised by the 5-HT 2 -specific compounds, ketanserin and ritanserin. 3. In other somata, serotonin, 2-methyl serotonin and the 5-HT 3 antagonist ICS205 930 evoked a second current, I(5HT)Na, which was due to an increase in sodium permeability and had slow kinetics similar to that of I(5HT)K. This current was inward over the membrane potential range −30 to - 80 mV and increased with hyperpolarisation. The response was blocked by sodium-free saline and the 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist MDL 72222. 4. In other neurones, at membrane potentials more positive than - 50 mV, serotonin pulses could activate a third current, I(5HT)X, which increased with depolarisation of the membrane potential and had comparatively fast kinetics. Activation of the current was accompanied by a decrease in membrane conductance. This response was completely blocked by 4-aminopyridine and weakly inhibited by both caesium and tetraethylammonium and is, therefore, probably a potassium current. 5. The three currents described here differ in their pharmacology, their ionic mechanisms and their dependence on membrane potential from the serotoninactivated currents reported for vertebrates and they provide evidence for the mechanism of action of serotonin as a neurotransmitter in insects. Note: Present address: Pharmacology Institute, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 32, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
Use of a confidence measure based on frame level likelihood ratios for the rejection of incorrect data

Interactive vocal services are based on speech recognition systems which must be able to reject efficiently incorrect utterances such as out-of-vocabulary or noise tokens. A possible approach is a post-processing of the hypotheses delivered by the recogniser, based on the computation of a confidence measure (CM). A recognition hypothesis is rejected if its CM is below a chosen threshold. This paper presents a new way of computing a CM on a recognition hypothesis, based on the calculation of a likelihood ratio for each acoustic frame of the utterance. Promising results are reported on a large vocabulary of a telephone directory task. Significant falls in the error rates are observed, compared to a reference system which include a garbage model, with no post-processing of the recognised words.