Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROLIFERATIVE ENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH LAWSONIA INTRACELLULARIS IN A JAPANESE MACAQUE (MACACA FUSCATA)

Abstract A 2.5-yr-old, intact male Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) was observed to have a thickened ileum during exploratory laparotomy. Lawsonia intracellularis–associated proliferative enteritis was diagnosed using histopathology (Warthin–Starry stain), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction analysis of the ileal biopsy. The animal developed transient diarrhea and severe hypoproteinemia 16 days after surgery but recovered with intensive treatment using azithromycin. Given the fact that very specific tests are required for identifying this organism, L. intracellularis may be underdiagnosed in nonhuman primates.
Group decision making and Quality-of-Information in e-Health systems

Knowledge is central to the modern economy and society. Indeed, the knowledge society has transformed the concept of knowledge and is more and more aware of the need to overcome the lack of knowledge when has to make options or address its problems and dilemmas. One`s knowledge is less based on exact facts and more on hypotheses, perceptions or indications. Even when we use new computational artefacts and novel methodologies for problem solving, like the use of Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS), the question of incomplete information is in most of the situations marginalized. On the other hand, common sense tells us that when a decision is made it is impossible to have a perception of all the information involved and the nature of its intrinsic quality. Therefore, something has to be made in terms of the information available and the process of its evaluation. It is under this framework that a Multi-valued Extended Logic Programming language will be used for knowledge representation and reasoning, leading to a model that embodies the Quality-of-Information (QoI) and its quantification, along the several stages of the decision making process. In this way it is possible to provide a measure of the value of the QoI that supports the decision itself. This model will be here presented in the context of a GDSS for VirtualECare, a system aimed at sustaining online healthcare services.
Using Dimensionality Reduction to Improve Similarity Judgements for Recommendation

Recommendation Explorer is an experimental recommender system that attempts to address the provisional and contextual nature of user information needs by coupling the system's interface and recommendation algorithms. This study reports on the development and evaluation of a new similarity module for RecEx. Based on dimensionality reduction via the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the new module discovers high-order relationships among database items, thus obtaining a robust model of item-item similarity.
The EU’s Impact on the Greek Welfare State: Europeanization on Paper?

For the past 25 years in Greece, welfare-state reforms have been the result of the interplay between domestic politics and European influences. While pension reform has been aborted, some targeted and smallscale reforms have proven more successful. Wholesale changes of the welfare system have met with strong resistance from private interests and bureaucratic mechanisms. The EU’s impact has mostly been felt in the policies of employment, vocational training, regional development and, less so, social assistance. Other welfare-state reforms have remained mostly on paper. However, the Greek welfare regime is gradually undergoing a cognitive change, manifested in the diffusion of social rights, and has adopted EU-driven policy tools for consultation and decision making. Throughout, path dependence has interacted with reform dynamics, flowing from the country’s integration into the EU.
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a danish population of women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus is three-fold higher than in the general population.

CONTEXT Diabetes and obesity, components of the metabolic syndrome, are common characteristics of women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Due to increasing incidence of diabetes and obesity, the metabolic syndrome might comprise a major health problem among these women. OBJECTIVE The objective was to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by three different criteria [World Health Organization 1999 (WHO), The National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults 2001, and European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance 2002] among women with previous GDM. DESIGN We conducted a follow-up study of a Danish cohort of women admitted in 1978-1996 to the Diabetes and Pregnancy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, with diet-treated GDM. The follow-up took place in 2000-2002 at median 9.8 yr (interquartile range 6.4-17.2) after pregnancy. Results were compared with a control group of 1000 age-matched women from a population-based sample (Inter99). PARTICIPANTS Four hundred eighty-one women at median age 43 yr (interquartile range 38-48) participated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance, blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. RESULTS Independent of the criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times higher in the prior GDM group, compared with the control group (e.g. WHO: 38.4 vs. 13.4%, P < 0.0005). Age- and BMI-adjusted odds ratio for having the WHO-defined metabolic syndrome was 3.4 (95% confidence interval 2.5-4.8) for the prior GDM group vs. the control group. Obese women (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) with previous GDM had a more than 7-fold increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (WHO), compared with normal-weight prior GDM women (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)). In glucose-tolerant women, the prevalence was doubled in the prior GDM group, compared with control group. CONCLUSION The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times as high in women with prior diet-treated GDM, compared with age-matched control subjects.
The Scope and Limits of Simulation in Cognition and Automated Reasoning

In scientific computing and in realistic graphic animation, simulation — that is, step-by-step calculation of the complete trajectory of a physical system — is one of the most common and important modes of calculation. In this article, we address the scope and limits of the use of simulation, with respect to AI tasks that involve high-level physical reasoning. We argue that, in many cases, simulation can play at most a limited role. Simulation is most effective when the task is prediction, when complete information is available, when a reasonably high quality theory is available, and when the range of scales involved, both temporal and spatial, is not extreme. When these conditions do not hold, simulation is less effective or entirely inappropriate. We discuss twelve features of physical reasoning problems that pose challenges for simulation-based reasoning. We briefly survey alternative techniques for physical reasoning that do not rely on simulation.
Profile sharing recommendation system for enterprise collaboration

Collaboration among enterprise users is often enhanced by their prior history that may include summary of the topics discussed, people involved, documents shared, and other such profile information. In enterprises, unlike in consumer collaboration, sharing this profile information could be extremely valuable and would further enhance the effectiveness of users in a collaboration session. For instance, a sales team member interacting with a potential customer over a period of time can share the profile or contextual information he or she gathered with a new member of the team. Sharing such profile information would jump start the collaboration of the new member and enhance the effectiveness of the collaboration. In this paper, we propose a session-based graph algorithm that recommends profile sharing possibilities to enterprise users based on the history of their collaboration strengths with persons interacting with them. We present results from implementing our algorithm on collaboration relationships that are computed on a deployed real-world enterprise server with approximately one million user-person relationships over a period of nine months.
Analysis of the melting glaciers in Southeast Tibet by ALOS-PALSAR data

Global warming has resulted in the melting of glaciers in the southeastern region of Tibet. This study used the InSAR time series obtained from ALOS PALSAR data to investigate the melting glacier over Southeast Tibet during 2007 2010 with the small baseline subset (SBAS) technique. Additionally, GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) gravity field model issued by the Center for Space Research (CSR) was used to extract the equivalent water height (EWH) with the deduction of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). The results revealed that the monitoring results by InSAR were basically consistent with the EWHs from GRACE. The glacier deformation in the study area presents a downward trend overall. From the InSAR measurements, a 900km2 area within the belt subsided -1.6 cm yr-1 during 2007 2010, and the subsidence exceeded -24 cm yr-1 in some regions. On the other hand, as an auxiliary data source, the monitoring result of GRACE is large space scale and comprehensive, the rate is about -0.01 cm yr-1 from GRACE. With the variations of glacier shape obtained from MODIS (moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) data, the changing rate of surface temperature was about 0.014°C yr-1. The surface temperature change is negatively correlated with the rate of the glacial subsidence with the correlation coefficient of -0.237, which reflects that the melting glacier is influenced by the temperature rising to a certain extent. Article history: Received 28 January 2018
Transient state-dependent fluctuations in anxiety measured using STAI, POMS, PANAS or VAS: a comparative review

Abstract Several psychometric instruments can be used to measure state-dependent variations in anxiety, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Visual Analog Scales (VAS). Each of these instruments rests on specific theoretical assumptions about the construct of state anxiety, and has been widely used for this purpose in different research domains. However, it remains difficult to determine what may be the specificities of these four instruments, when the goal is to measure transient state-dependent variations in anxiety. In this work, we provide a systematic and comparative literature review of studies which have explored rapid fluctuations (i.e., test-retest intervals not exceeding 24 hours) in state anxiety by means of these specific instruments. Almost 200 studies were eventually included in our review. This comparative review confirms that, despite some disparities and specificities, each of these four instruments provides a reliable measure to capture rapid state-dependent variations in anxiety, although they have been used in non-overlapping research domains or experimental contexts.
Electrochemical Evaluations of High Shear Corrosion Inhibitors, Using Jet Impingement Equipment

Corrosion inhibitors are required to provide adequate protection in CO2 and/or H2S environments operated under high wall shear stress conditions. Jet impingement test methodology is used in this paper to study the flow-accelerated corrosion under extremely high shear stress conditions. This study is focused on the methodology aspects of using the jet impingement coupled with a new localized corrosion monitoring (LCM) technique for the selection of corrosion inhibitors for high shear applications with emphasis on localized corrosion. LCM technique and its data analysis program were employed to identify the occurrence of localized corrosion events as well as its magnitude, duration, frequency and distribution. A number of sulfur-containing corrosion inhibitors were evaluated using the new test methodology.
Ghrelin Is a Novel Regulator of GLP-1 Secretion

GLP-1 is a gastrointestinal L-cell hormone that enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Hence, strategies that prevent GLP-1 degradation or activate the GLP-1 receptor are used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 secretion occurs after a meal and is partly regulated by other circulating hormones. Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that plays a key role in whole-body energy metabolism. Because ghrelin levels peak immediately before mealtimes, we hypothesized that ghrelin plays a role in priming the intestinal L-cell for nutrient-induced GLP-1 release. The intraperitoneal injection of ghrelin into mice 15 min before the administration of oral glucose enhanced glucose-stimulated GLP-1 release and improved glucose tolerance, whereas the ghrelin receptor antagonist D-Lys GHRP-6 reduced plasma levels of GLP-1 and insulin and diminished oral glucose tolerance. The ghrelin-mediated improvement in glucose tolerance was lost in mice coinjected with a GLP-1 receptor antagonist as well as in Glp1r−/− mice lacking the GLP-1 receptor. The impaired oral glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice was also improved by ghrelin preadministration. Importantly, ghrelin directly stimulated GLP-1 release from L-cell lines (murine GLUTag, human NCI-H716) through an extracellular signal–related kinase 1/2–dependent pathway. These studies demonstrate a novel role for ghrelin in enhancing the GLP-1 secretory response to ingested nutrients.
Obstructive renal injury: from fluid mechanics to molecular cell biology

Urinary tract obstruction is a frequent cause of renal impairment. The physiopathology of obstructive nephropathy has long been viewed as a mere mechanical problem. However, recent advances in cell and systems biology have disclosed a complex physiopathology involving a high number of molecular mediators of injury that lead to cellular processes of apoptotic cell death, cell injury leading to inflammation and resultant fibrosis. Functional studies in animal models of ureteral obstruction using a variety of techniques that include genetically modified animals have disclosed an important role for the renin-angiotensin system, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and other mediators of inflammation in this process. In addition, high throughput techniques such as proteomics and transcriptomics have identified potential biomarkers that may guide clinical decision-making.
Spark-based Monte Carlo parallel simulation approach for FTA

In the field of reliability and safety, Fault-tree analysis proved to be a useful analytic tool. Aimed at static or dynamic FTs, Monte Carlo simulation based on time-to-failure (TTF) may be an effective way to calculate FTs. Through computing the TTF of bottom events of FTs, the TTF of the system can be calculated easily. However, Monte Carlo simulation based on TTF is time-consuming because modern engineering systems have become more complex and larger in scale. Traditional computation framework, in individual computers or small scale computer cluster, obviously cannot undertake this tough task. To address this issue, this paper puts forward a parallel algorithm under the Spark parallel computing framework, and through the experiment proves that the parallel algorithm can quickly get the simulation results and have the advantage of calculating large-scale dynamic FTs. This is very meaningful in the engineering.
Mining crowd mobility and WiFi hotspots on a densely-populated campus

Understanding crowd activities at large-scale and diagnosing existing problems of planning on densely-populated campus are fundamentally hard through traditional ways of measurement and management. In this paper, we demonstrate how to collect data from ubiquitous WiFi networks (WLAN), and further to characterize the mobility of campus residents by exploring time-frequency patterns with spatial context. On the campus of Tsinghua University (where everyday nearly 60, 000 mobile devices appear in the public areas of more than 110 buildings), we obtain large-scale observations on physical activities, and provide insights for better diagnosing of WiFi hotspots.
Exploring the Physical and Optoelectronic Properties of Co 2 ZrZ Compounds: Insights from Computational Analysis and Thermoelectric Characterization

The current study examines the physical properties of Co 2 ZrZ compounds (Z= Pb, Bi and As) using the Wien2k calculation code. The Anisimov and Gunnarsson approach is used to calculate the Hubbard parameters for Cobalt (Co) and Zirconium (Zr). The results indicate that Co 2 ZrBi and Co 2 ZrAs have metallic characteristic, however Co 2 ZrPb displays semi-metallic behaviour. The energy gap calculations provide values of 0.328 eV (GGA) and 1.102 eV (mBJ-GGA) in the G-X-direction. The valence bands of Co 2 ZrBi and Co 2 ZrAs are primarily in�uenced by the Co-D-eg and Co-D-t 2 g states in both spin channels. Infrared transitions with energy levels below 0.56 eV indicate a decrease in the ability of electrons to move, which is compensated by an increase in ultraviolet absorption. The Co 2 ZrZ compounds have potential for space solar energy applications as they possess the ability to absorb UV light and improve conductivity. The effective ultraviolet (UV) absorption of Co 2 ZrPb has the potential to be advantageous for satellites and space missions. Within the high-energy range, the refractive index decreases to a value below one, which signi�es "Super-luminescence". Additionally, plasmatic oscillations have a further impact on optics. The thermoelectric investigation of Co 2 ZrPb using BoltzTraP code reveals a predominance of P-type charge carriers, suggesting a high level of electrical conductivity and a low resistance. The ZT values of Co 2 ZrPb oscillate between 0.99 (at 50 K) and 0.84 (at 1500 K), which are close to unity, this indicates that Co 2 ZrPb is appropriate for thermoelectric applications.
Deterministic Networking - DetNet

—Deterministic networking is rapidly gaining importance, as several network applications and industries demand deterministic network services. Several of those network applications demand low end-to-end latencies and low packet loss. The IETF Deterministic Networking architecture provides network-layer services and IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking provides data link-layer services. Both DetNet and TSN play a critical role in providing real-time low latency and deterministic services for the next-generation networks. In such context, this paper presents a broad overview of DetNet and summarizes its key features.
Adaptive artificial bee colony algorithm for solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem

This research provides an adaptive artificial bee colony algorithm (AABC) to handle the goods transportation routing problem based on available capacity of vehicles well-known as Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). The proposed algorithm is developed from the traditional artificial bee colony algorithm to approve a good performance and quality solution. This algorithm was verified through VRP Benchmark problems by comparing the results with existing Best Known Solutions (BKS) of the Capacitated VRP benchmark. The experimental results found that AABC can nearly confirm the good performances as compared with benchmark problem of Augerat et al. that can success the short running time and receive average nearest values.
Do Pressures to Publish Increase Scientists' Bias? An Empirical Support from US States Data

The growing competition and “publish or perish” culture in academia might conflict with the objectivity and integrity of research, because it forces scientists to produce “publishable” results at all costs. Papers are less likely to be published and to be cited if they report “negative” results (results that fail to support the tested hypothesis). Therefore, if publication pressures increase scientific bias, the frequency of “positive” results in the literature should be higher in the more competitive and “productive” academic environments. This study verified this hypothesis by measuring the frequency of positive results in a large random sample of papers with a corresponding author based in the US. Across all disciplines, papers were more likely to support a tested hypothesis if their corresponding authors were working in states that, according to NSF data, produced more academic papers per capita. The size of this effect increased when controlling for state's per capita R&D expenditure and for study characteristics that previous research showed to correlate with the frequency of positive results, including discipline and methodology. Although the confounding effect of institutions' prestige could not be excluded (researchers in the more productive universities could be the most clever and successful in their experiments), these results support the hypothesis that competitive academic environments increase not only scientists' productivity but also their bias. The same phenomenon might be observed in other countries where academic competition and pressures to publish are high.
Combined immediate loading of zygomatic and mandibular implants: a preliminary 2-year report of 19 patients.

PURPOSE A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous use of immediately loaded zygomatic and mandibular implants for full maxillomandibular restoration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 zygomatic and 112 conventional implants were placed in 19 edentulous and partially edentulous patients and restored with full-arch acrylic resin prostheses within 3 hours of surgery. Implant insertion torque values were between 35 and 45 Ncm. RESULTS During the 1-year follow-up period, none of the 19 patients experienced implant or prosthesis failures. The patients did not experience any sinus infections or any other surgical complications from the performed procedures. CONCLUSION Zygomatic and conventional implants can be simultaneously placed in the maxilla and mandible and successfully loaded with an acrylic resin prosthesis using the All-on-Four concept.
A Functional Neuroimaging Study of Sound Localization: Visual Cortex Activity Predicts Performance in Early-Blind Individuals

Blind individuals often demonstrate enhanced nonvisual perceptual abilities. However, the neural substrate that underlies this improved performance remains to be fully understood. An earlier behavioral study demonstrated that some early-blind people localize sounds more accurately than sighted controls using monaural cues. In order to investigate the neural basis of these behavioral differences in humans, we carried out functional imaging studies using positron emission tomography and a speaker array that permitted pseudo-free-field presentations within the scanner. During binaural sound localization, a sighted control group showed decreased cerebral blood flow in the occipital lobe, which was not seen in early-blind individuals. During monaural sound localization (one ear plugged), the subgroup of early-blind subjects who were behaviorally superior at sound localization displayed two activation foci in the occipital cortex. This effect was not seen in blind persons who did not have superior monaural sound localization abilities, nor in sighted individuals. The degree of activation of one of these foci was strongly correlated with sound localization accuracy across the entire group of blind subjects. The results show that those blind persons who perform better than sighted persons recruit occipital areas to carry out auditory localization under monaural conditions. We therefore conclude that computations carried out in the occipital cortex specifically underlie the enhanced capacity to use monaural cues. Our findings shed light not only on intermodal compensatory mechanisms, but also on individual differences in these mechanisms and on inhibitory patterns that differ between sighted individuals and those deprived of vision early in life.