Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic band matching for Beijing1 microsatellite multispectral images

Satellite multi-spectral images which captured from independent camera photography system of satellite have nonlinear errors in spatial position. To this complicated problem, the paper introduces an automatic registration method to match multi-spectral images automatically, in which the mutual information, genetic algorithm and MQ geometric correction models are intergraded. In its algorithm, the mutual information is used as a similarity function of the registration, which can achieve an accurately registration precision; and the genetic algorithms are utilized to search the optimization value fast by its characteristics of finding global optima rapidly and efficiently; Meanwhile, the MQ geometric correction models are also adopted to develop a correspondence between the reference and input images quickly. From the experimental results, it seems that this method can achieve a better accurate automatic registration results in bands nonlinear geometric relationships between multi-spectral images, whose error of the entire matching is less than a pixel.
Anti‐disialosyl antibodies mediate selective neuronal or Schwann cell injury at mouse neuromuscular junctions

The human paralytic neuropathy, Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is associated with autoantibodies specific for disialosyl epitopes on gangliosides GQ1b, GT1a, and GD3. Since these gangliosides are enriched in synaptic membranes, anti‐ganglioside antibodies may target neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), thereby contributing to disease symptoms. We have shown previously that at murine NMJs, anti‐disialosyl antibodies induce an α‐latrotoxin‐like effect, electrophysiologically characterized by transient massive increase of spontaneous neurotransmitter release followed by block of evoked release, resulting in paralysis of the muscle preparation. Morphologically, motor nerve terminal damage, as well as perisynaptic Schwann cell (pSC) death is observed. The relative contributions of neuronal and pSC injury to the paralytic effect and subsequent repair are unknown. In this study, we have examined the ability of subsets of anti‐disialosyl antibodies to discriminate between the neuronal and glial elements of the NMJ and thereby induce either neuronal injury or pSC death. Most antibodies reactive with GD3 induced pSC death, whereas antibody reactivity with GT1a correlated with the extent of nerve terminal injury. Motor nerve terminal injury resulted in massive uncontrolled exocytosis with paralysis. However, pSC ablation induced no acute (within 1 h) electrophysiological or morphological changes to the underlying nerve terminal. These data suggest that at mammalian NMJs, acute pSC injury or ablation has no major deleterious influence on synapse function. Our studies provide evidence for highly selective targeting of mammalian NMJ membranes, based on ganglioside composition, that can be exploited for examining axonal–glial interactions both in disease states and in normal NMJ homeostasis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental Study on Beam Wander Under Varying Atmospheric Turbulence Conditions

The performance of free space optical (FSO) communication is affected by various phenomena such as absorption, scattering, and turbulence. For FSO uplink, the major factors that degrade the performance are “turbulence-induced scintillation and beam wander effect. ” The effect of scintillation causes fluctuations in the received irradiance and the beam wander effect leads to the displacement of the beam centroid significantly. In this letter, variance in the optical irradiance due to turbulence-induced beam wander effect has been determined experimentally for different operating wavelengths and turbulent conditions in an optical turbulence generator (OTG) chamber.
Epidemiological analysis of MERS-CoV using NN and SVM in respect to applicability of AI in multiple classes

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome is a respiratory disease spread by MERS Coronavirus, which had its first occurrence in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this paper, we analyzed the transmission route of MERS-CoV with a novel molecular approach. We collected the amino acid sequence of MERS-CoV from 15 different regions, which were then analyzed with Neural Network and Support Vector Machine. With the usage of artificial intelligence algorithms, while there was a failure on extracting a rule which can distinguish each virus and figuring out the transmission route, the common features of the sequences were detected. As a result, we could justify the previously studied result on the transmission route. During the procedure, we investigated the basic cause of the failure in consideration of the principle of the algorithms used, and suggested a better path of analysis using artificial intelligence applied to epidemiological studies.
Frequent inactivation of SPARC by promoter hypermethylation in colon cancers

Epigenetic modification of gene expression plays an important role in the development of human cancers. The inactivation of SPARC through CpG island methylation was studied in colon cancers using oligonucleotide microarray analysis and methylation specific PCR (MSP). Gene expression of 7 colon cancer cell lines was evaluated before and after treatment with the demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5Aza‐dC) by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Expression of SPARC was further examined in colon cancer cell lines and primary colorectal cancers, and the methylation status of the SPARC promoter was determined by MSP. SPARC expression was undetectable in 5 of 7 (71%) colorectal cancer cell lines. Induction of SPARC was demonstrated after treatment with the demethylating agent 5Aza‐dC in 5 of the 7 cell lines. We examined the methylation status of the CpG island of SPARC in 7 colon cancer cell lines and in 20 test set of colon cancer tissues. MSP demonstrated hypermethylation of the CpG island of SPARC in 6 of 7 cell lines and in all 20 primary colon cancers, when compared with only 3 of 20 normal colon mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that SPARC expression was downregulated or absent in 17 of 20 colon cancers. A survival analysis of 292 validation set of colorectal carcinoma patients revealed a poorer prognosis for patients lacking SPARC expression than for patients with normal SPARC expression (56.79% vs. 75.83% 5‐year survival rate, p = 0.0014). The results indicate that epigenetic gene silencing of SPARC is frequent in colon cancers, and that inactivation of SPARC is related to rapid progression of colon cancers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative pain expression in preschool children: validation of the child facial coding system.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of the study were threefold: (a) to determine whether a measurement system based on facial expression would be useful in the assessment of post-operative pain in young children; (b) to examine construct validity in terms of structure, consistency, and dynamics of the facial display; and (c) to evaluate concurrent validity in terms of associations with global judgments of the children's pain. PATIENTS One hundred children between the ages of 13 and 74 months were video-taped for a maximum of 1 hour after arrival in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) at British Columbia's Children's Hospital. OUTCOME MEASURES Videotapes were edited into 20-second blocks, randomly selected from each 2-minute time period taped during the hour following surgery, and coded for the presence or absence of 13 facial actions in the Child Facial Coding System (CFCS). RESULTS Facial expressions were characterized primarily by the following constellation of actions: open lips, lowered brows, a deepened nasolabial furrow, mouth stretched wide in both horizontal and vertical directions, eyes squeezed shut or squinted, and raised cheeks. A principal components analysis indicated that these actions comprised a single factor, accounting for 55% of the variance in CFCS actions. Facial action summary scores were correlated with a visual analog rating of global pain, confirming that the CFCS has convergent validity. Facial action summary scores, i.e., pain displays, were at their lowest immediately after admittance to the PACU and just before the child's release from the PACU. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the CFCS serves as a valid measurement tool for persistent pain in children.
Persistent Headache in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Starting Treatment With Fingolimod

It is difficult to think of a medication that does not have “headache” as a potential adverse event listed by the manufacturer. However, this symptom is not described in detail by the pharmaceutical companies, and no considerations are made regarding the acceptable duration of this side effect or how to manage it, should it occur. This letter concerns 12 potential cases of headache associated with use of fingolimod, a new and very efficient drug for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). Upon starting with fingolimod, these patients presented persistent headache that resembled new daily persistent headache (NDPH) but were, in fact, attributable to a new substance. Fingolimod is an orally bioavailable compound that antagonizes the sphingosine 1-phosphate (SP1) receptor. In vivo, fingolimod is phosphorylated to fingolimod-phosphate, which resembles naturally occurring S1P. Through binding to SP1 sites in lymphocytes, fingolimod prevents these cells from leaving the lymph nodes. The first dose of fingolimod may be associated with bradycardia, fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbance, headache, and upper respiratory tract infection. Other adverse events in patients using fingolimod that are more serious but rare include atrioventricular block, herpetic viral infections, and macular edema. Although headache is described as a potential side effect of fingolimod and many other drugs for the treatment of MS, the present cases caught our attention because of the characteristics that these patients presented. These patients comprised 8 males and 3 females, of mean age 33.5 years (range 23 to 46 years), who are undergoing treatment for MS. Fingolimod was prescribed due to suboptimal response to other drugs. One patient had a previous history of episodic migraine. They were not using any drugs other than immunomodulatory treatments for MS. In all patients, their headache started within the first week of use of fingolimod and persisted for at least 3 months. In all cases, the pain was bilateral, non-pulsatile, of moderate intensity, and persistent From the MS Reference Center, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, SP, Brazil (Y.D. Fragoso); MS Reference Center, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil (T. Adoni); Department of Neurology, Hospital Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil (S. Gomes); MS Unit, Centro Hospitalar Unimed, Joinville, SC, Brazil (M.V.M. Goncalves); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil (A.P.C. Matta); Department of Neurology, Medical School, Irmandade de Misericordia da Santa Casa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.F. Mendes); Department of Neurology, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil (F. Siquineli).
Liquidity, Resiliency and Market Quality Around Predictable Trades: Theory and Evidence

We extend the theory of strategic trading around a predictable liquidation by considering the role of market resiliency. Our model predicts that even a monopolist strategic trader improves market quality and increases liquidator proceeds if trades’ temporary price impacts are quickly reversed. We provide related empirical evidence by studying prices, liquidity, and individual account trading activity around the large and predictable “roll” trades undertaken by the largest ETF tracking crude oil futures prices. The evidence indicates narrower bid-ask spreads, greater order book depth and improved resiliency on roll dates. We find that a larger number of individual trading accounts provide liquidity on roll dates, and do not find evidence of the systematic use of predatory strategies. On balance, the theory and evidence supports that strategic traders choose to provide liquidity to predictable trades in resilient markets. However, the large volume of trading associated with the roll transactions leads to substantial trade execution costs that average three percent per year.
Injuries in Swedish elite football—a prospective study on injury definitions, risk for injury and injury pattern during 2001

The purpose of this study was to study the risk for injury and injury pattern in Swedish male elite football and to compare two different injury definitions. A prospective cohort study was conducted during 2001 on all 14 teams (310 players) in the Swedish top division. Injuries and individual exposure were recorded. Injury was defined as time‐lost injury (715 injuries) and for comparison as tissue injury (765 injuries). No significant difference in the risk for injury between tissue injuries and time‐lost injuries was found during matches (27.2 vs. 25.9 injuries per 1000 match hours, P=0.66) or training sessions (5.7 vs. 5.2 injuries per 1000 training hours, P=0.65). The risk for injury during training was significantly higher during the pre‐season compared with the competitive season (P=0.01).
The influence of enterpreneurship development on employment creation among the youth: a case study of Kikuyu district

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of entrepreneurship development on employment creation among the youth in Kikuyu District. Four research objectives were formulated to guide the study. The study employed the descriptive survey. The target population comprised of one hundred and sixty (160) registered youth groups in the district and who were eligible for funding. The sample comprised of 108 respondents. Findings revealed that awareness of entrepreneurial duties influenced employment creation. The study also revealed that motivation of entrepreneurs affected employment creation. The study also revealed that self perception influenced employment creation. The study further revealed that entrepreneurship education and training influenced employment creation. Based on the findings it was concluded that . \ awareness of entrepreneurial duties influenced employment creation. The study also concluded that lack training for entrepreneurial duties and new youth entrepreneurs not often being familiar with entrepreneurial duties also influenced employment creation. The study also concluded that motivation of entrepreneurs affected employment creation. Based on the findings it was recommended that there is need to have formal training for the new entrepreneurs before they start their occupation. The study recommended that there is need to empower the youth in identifying their abilities in the entrepreneurship. It was also recommended that there is need to cultivate in the youth positive attitude
History Erase Effect in a Non-Volatile Memristor

This work presents a detailed study of the nonlinear dynamics of a tantalum oxide memristor recently fabricated at Hewlett Packard Labs. Our investigations uncover direct current, quasi-static, and alternating current behavior of the nanodevice. A thorough study of the dynamics emerging in the nanoscale element under various input/initial condition combinations reveals a fundamental property of the tantalum oxide device, which was unnoticed so far. The initial condition has no effect on the steady-state operation of the memristor under non-zero input. This property, known as fading memory in system theory, implies the uniqueness of asymptotic behavior of the memristor. The progressive input-induced memory erase phenomenon is solely determined by the switching dynamics of the nanodevice, mathematically described by the state evolution function, which governs the rate of evolution of the memristor state. A constant-sign DC input will activate on or off switching dynamics only. Consequently, due to the limited on/off memductance ratio, the memristor will asymptotically attain a fully-conducting or highly-resistive state, irrespective of the initial condition. Most interestingly, under AC periodic excitations, it is the pronounced asymmetry in the state dependence of on and off switching processes which is at the basis of the reported history erase effect. It is important to point out that this novel fading memory phenomenon does not compromise the nonvolatile behavior of the nanostructure. In fact, despite the device may be stimulated so as to forget its past history, it still has a continuum of analog nonvolatile memory states.
Compatibility study of 24 GHz short range radar with fixed satellite and broadcasting satellite services

This paper discusses the electromagnetic compatibility of ultra wide band (UWB) 24 GHz short range radar (SRR) with the fixed satellite services (FSS) and broadcasting satellite services (BSS) in region 1. The out-of-band emissions of SRR in the FSS and BSS frequency bands, as per FCC guidelines, are used for the study. The ITU recommendations on available protection margins and apportionment ratios are used for estimating the interference values of SRR emissions. The interference study for co-existence of proposed SRR systems with existing FSS/BSS systems is done for a single vehicle scenario.
Online anomaly detection for multi‐source VMware using a distributed streaming framework

Anomaly detection refers to the identification of patterns in a dataset that do not conform to expected patterns. Such non‐conformant patterns typically correspond to samples of interest and are assigned to different labels in different domains, such as outliers, anomalies, exceptions, and malware. A daunting challenge is to detect anomalies in rapid voluminous streams of data.
Disclosure of the mycobacterial outer membrane: Cryo-electron tomography and vitreous sections reveal the lipid bilayer structure

The cell walls of mycobacteria form an exceptional permeability barrier, and they are essential for virulence. They contain extractable lipids and long-chain mycolic acids that are covalently linked to peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network. The lipids were thought to form an asymmetrical bilayer of considerable thickness, but this could never be proven directly by microscopy or other means. Cryo-electron tomography of unperturbed or detergent-treated cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis embedded in vitreous ice now reveals the native organization of the cell envelope and its delineation into several distinct layers. The 3D data and the investigation of ultrathin frozen-hydrated cryosections of M. smegmatis, Myobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin, and Corynebacterium glutamicum identified the outermost layer as a morphologically symmetrical lipid bilayer. The structure of the mycobacterial outer membrane necessitates considerable revision of the current view of its architecture. Conceivable models are proposed and discussed. These results are crucial for the investigation and understanding of transport processes across the mycobacterial cell wall, and they are of particular medical relevance in the case of pathogenic mycobacteria.
Identification of Dependency-based Attacks on Node.js

Node.js executes server-side JavaScript-based code. By design Node.js and JavaScript support global variables, monkey-patching, and shared cache of loaded modules. This paper discusses four attacks that exploit these weaknesses, which are: leakage of global variables, manipulation of global variables, manipulation of local variables, and manipulation of the dependency tree. In addition, it describes the static code analysis that we implemented for T.J. Watson Libraries for Analysis (WALA) to detect the identified attacks and the evaluation of the analysis. The analysis is integrated into OpenWhisk, an open source serverless cloud platform.
Tax planning of married couples in East and West Germany

This study evaluates the tax planning behavior of married couples with regard to the allocation of tax schedules between spouses in the context of the German income tax splitting. The focus lies on the disparities between East and West German couples since they experienced different political regimes until 1990. The analysis utilizes administrative data on German income tax returns for the year 2004 (FAST 2004). The result of an alternative specific conditional logit estimation indicates that East German couples are substantially more likely to choose equal tax schedules than West Germans (between 17.8 and 19.3 percentage points). East German couples are less likely to allocate the advantageous tax bracket to the husband instead of the wife, even when controlling for income and socioeconomic factors. The conclusion of this analysis is that the tax planning behavior of married couples is influenced by the differences in the socialization of people, caused by the fact that before 1990, East Germany had different tax institutions and political regimes compared to West Germany.
Earnings Inequality and Mobility Trends in the United States: Nationally Representative Estimates from Longitudinally Linked Employer-Employee Data

Decomposing the year-to-year changes in the earnings distribution from 2004 to 2013, we analyze the role of the employer in explaining earnings inequality in the United States. Movements between the bottom, middle, and top involve 20.5 million workers each year. Another 19.9 million move between employment and nonemployment. There are large gains from working at a top-paying firm for all skill types. Working for a high-paying firm produces benefits today, through higher earnings, that persist through an increase in the probability of upward mobility. High-paying firms facilitate moving workers to the top of the distribution and keeping them there.
An Illiquid Market in the Desert: The Role of Interest Groups in Shaping Environmental Regulation

We present a lobby model to explain the adoption and persistence of seemingly costly environmental policies relative to the likely benefits generated. The arguments of the model are illustrated by water trade restrictions for mining firms in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. The area is one of the driest in the world but also the world’s top copper producer. Due to regulation of access to local water in the region, firms have begun using desalinated water at a cost of up to $19,542 per m3/day while agricultural water trades at median price of $343 per m3/day. We explore how governmental maintenance of environmental and indigenous water supplies through restrictions on water trades causes these large price differentials. We provide a simple framework that explains how this type of policy can be supported under reasonable assumptions about lobbying. Interest group lobbying, limited information to unorganized general citizens about policy costs and benefits, and their associated distribution can lead to strong regulation, even when the protected environmental areas and agricultural populations are small and isolated. Difference- in-difference modeling of sector prices indicates that after an abrupt increase in regulatory denials, prices diverged in a manner consistent with the lobbying model. Using market price and desalination cost data, policy costs are estimated at $6.15 billion dollars or approximately $350 per citizen, which may or may not equate to perceived general benefits.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber. org.