Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
夫妻婚姻滿意度與其獨生子/女三角關係運作之分析研究Marital Satisfaction and Parent-Child Triangulation

本研究主要以家庭系統理論學者Bowen所提之「三角關係」概念為理論根據，探討夫妻的婚姻滿意度與其獨生子女涉入父母爭吵的三角關係之關聯性，並比較不同家庭結構、不同性別子女的涉入情形。 本研究採用調查研究，選取中部地區有獨生子女的家庭230個樣本為研究對象。 本研究依據受試者在「婚姻滿意度量表」以及「父母爭吵時的三角關係運作量表」的得分，進行統計分析。 研究結果發現：（1）夫妻婚姻滿意程度愈高，子女愈不會在父母爭吵時涉入三角關係。 進一步分析發現，夫妻婚姻滿意程度愈低，子女愈容易在父母爭吵時以「跨世代聯盟」的方式涉入三角關係。 （2）父母已離婚之子女比父母未離婚之子女更容易與父母一方聯盟，而父母未離婚之子女則比父母已離婚之子女更容易有親職化的表現。 （3）子女在父母爭吵時的涉入情形沒有性別差異。 關鍵詞 三角關係、代罪羔羊、婚姻滿意度、跨世代聯盟、親職化。 Marital Satisfaction and Parent-Child Triangulation Based on the theoretical concept of triangulation proposed by Bowen, this study examined the relation betwee marital satisfaction and parent-child triangulation in parents’ marital conflict. Participants included 230 families with only one child. The results revealed that: (1) Marital satisfaction was negatively associated with parent-child triangulation. Among the three dimensions of triangles, the cross-generational coalition was negatively associated with marital satisfaction. (2) Children with divorced parents reported more cross-generational coalition than those with married parents, whereas children with married parents involved more parentification than children from divorced families. (3) There was no significant gender difference in parent-child triangulation. Key Words cross-generational coalition, marital satisfaction, parentification, scapegoat, triangulation
Multiple signal representation simulation of photonic devices, systems, and networks

Photonic systems design requires simulation over a wide range of scales; from wavelength-sized resonances in lasers and filters, to interactions in global networks. To design these global systems, while considering the effects of the smallest component, requires sophisticated simulation technology. We have developed the Photonic Transmission Design Suite, which includes five different signal representations, so that the details of device performance can be efficiently considered within a large network simulation. Alternatively, a design can be studied using a coarse signal representation before switching to a detailed representation for further refinement. We give examples of the application of these representations, and show how the representation of a signal is adapted as it propagates through a system to optimize simulation efficiency.
When a pigmy acts as a giant: the role of the Italian representatives in the Brussels Constitutional Convention

Summary The Italian representatives in the Brussels Constitutional Convention played a greater role than expected. The Italians, who many thought would be destined to a role as pigmies in the Convention because of ideological differences and the personal mistrust they carried from their domestic arena, acted mostly as giants in the contributions they provided to the final text. The representatives of both the government and the opposition identified a series of points upon which they agreed and which were introduced in the final document. These positions, although not federalist, were much more advanced than those described as ‘intergovernmental’ or ‘confederal’. There were many reasons for this. The deliberative method adopted in the Convention probably helped this convergence. Certainly, the Italians wanted to keep open the dialogue with the main EU member-states at a moment when the war with Iraq was undermining it, and the Italian representatives in the Convention shared a pro-European attitude, while this attitude was being called into question in the domestic arena by the Berlusconi government.
Integrative modelling of animal movement: incorporating in situ habitat and behavioural information for a migratory marine predator

A fundamental goal in animal ecology is to quantify how environmental (and other) factors influence individual movement, as this is key to understanding responsiveness of populations to future change. However, quantitative interpretation of individual-based telemetry data is hampered by the complexity of, and error within, these multi-dimensional data. Here, we present an integrative hierarchical Bayesian state-space modelling approach where, for the first time, the mechanistic process model for the movement state of animals directly incorporates both environmental and other behavioural information, and observation and process model parameters are estimated within a single model. When applied to a migratory marine predator, the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), we find the switch from directed to resident movement state was associated with colder water temperatures, relatively short dive bottom time and rapid descent rates. The approach presented here can have widespread utility for quantifying movement–behaviour (diving or other)–environment relationships across species and systems.
The Structural Change of Korean Sociological Academic Community

Korean sociology has been institutionalized through different stages such as the foundation of Korean Sociological Association, the influence of American Sociology, a reflexive turn, and the launch of a counter-association in search for alternatives. This study analyzes the co-evolution of sociologist-association ties and sociologist-specialty ties to examine the structure of Korean sociological community and its change. We find that patterns of affiliation between sociologists and associations have structured homophilous interactions along the lines of gender, employment status, and university prestige and vice versa. A core-periphery hierarchy of associations has become weaker, but the Korean Sociological Association of accumulative advantages constitutes the core, together with the counter-association and the association for Historical Sociology. The current network of associations is a small-world when some isolated associations are excluded. ‘Following-the-trend’ in tandem with increased clustering by research field has led the structure of specialty space toward a weak core-periphery without small-world-ness. As sociologists with diverse research interests have increasingly joined specialized associations, it will be challenging for both the Korean Sociological Association and the counter-association in the core how to play integrative roles in the increasingly differentiated community of Korean sociology.
Vaccination with autoantigen protects against aggregated β‐amyloid and glutamate toxicity by controlling microglia: effect of CD4+CD25+ T cells

Neurodegenerative diseases differ in etiology but are propagated similarly. We show that neuronal loss caused by intraocular injection of aggregated β‐amyloid was significantly greater in immunodeficient mice than in normal mice. The neurodegeneration was attenuated or augmented by elimination or addition, respectively, of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg). Vaccination with retina‐derived antigens or with the synthetic copolymer glatiramer acetate (Copolymer‐1, Cop‐1), but not with β‐amyloid, reduced the ocular neuronal loss. In mouse hippocampal slices, microglia encountering activated T cells overcame the cytotoxicity of aggregated β‐amyloid. These findings support the concept of “protective autoimmunity”, show that a given T cell‐based vaccination is protective at a particular site irrespective of toxicity type, and suggest that locally activated T cells induce a microglial phenotype that helps neurons withstand the insult. Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases might be arrested or retarded by vaccination with Cop‐1 or related compounds or by treatment with compounds that weaken Treg suppression.
Large set of CI spreading codes for high-capacity MC-CDMA

In this letter, a large set of spreading codes that doubles capacity in multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems without any cost in bandwidth and with negligible cost in performance is introduced. This large set is comprised of: 1) complex spreading codes instead of conventional real-valued spreading codes and 2) two sets, each made up of orthogonal complex spreading codes, with minimum cross correlation between sets. Simulations performed over Rayleigh fading channels demonstrate 100% gains in terms of MC-CDMA capacity with negligible loss in performance.
Experience with accumulated phase angle drift measurement for islanding detection

Distributed generation is increasingly likely to play a major role in electricity supply systems as recognition is made of its low carbon credentials. However, the integration of these units at distribution voltages is a major challenge for utilities. One particular issue is that generators may, unintentionally, continue to supply local demand when areas of the network are isolated from the main system. Reliably detecting this condition is regarded by many as an ongoing challenge as existing methods are not entirely satisfactory. This paper proposes a novel method based on accumulated phase angle drift that provides inherently enhanced stability without unduly sacrificing sensitivity. It is passive and thus requires no additional invasive hardware. Transient simulations have been used to demonstrate its performance [1]. The current paper presents further validation of the PAD method performance resulting from the field trial of a relay connected on the 38kV network at the interface to a 25MW windfarm in Ireland and also supplemented by the results of an on-going laboratory trial at the University of Strathclyde (UoS).
The receptor‐destroying enzyme of influenza C virus is neuraminate‐O‐acetylesterase.

The nature of the receptor‐destroying enzyme (RDE) of influenza C virus has been elucidated by analyzing its effect on the haemagglutination inhibitors rat alpha 1‐macroglobulin (RMG) and bovine submandibulary mucin (BSM), respectively. The inhibitory activity of both compounds is abolished by incubation with influenza C virus. After inactivation, RMG and BSM were found to contain reduced amounts of N‐acetyl‐9‐O‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2) and increased amounts of N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). H.p.l.c. analysis revealed that purified Neu5,9Ac2 is converted to Neu5Ac by incubation with influenza C virus. These results demonstrate that RDE of influenza C virus is neuraminate‐O‐acetylesterase [N‐acyl‐9(4)‐O‐acetylneuraminate O‐acetylhydrolase (EC 3.1.1.53)]. The data also indicate that haemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) by RMG and BSM and most likely virus attachment to cell surfaces involves binding of influenza C virus to Neu5,9Ac2.
Sentence Reading: A Functional MRI Study at 4 Tesla

In this study, changes in blood oxygenation and volume were monitored while monolingual right-handed subjects read English sentences. Our results confirm the role of the left peri-sylvian cortex in language processing. Interestingly, individual subject analyses reveal a pattern of activation characterized by several small, limited patches rather than a few large, anatomically well-circumscribed centers. Between-subject analyses confirm a lateralized pattern of activation and reveal active classical language areas including Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and the angular gyms. In addition they point to areas only more recently considered as language-relevant including the anterior portion of the superior temporal sulcus. This area has not been reliably observed in imaging studies of isolated word processing. This raises the hypothesis that activation in this area is dependent on processes specific to sentence reading.
Mother Tongue in the EFL Classroom

The use of students’ mother tongue (MT/L1) in the second/foreign language classroom has been debated in language teaching theory and practice for many decades. Most language teaching methods advocate the use of the target language (TL) in the classroom. However, recent research has elevated the role of L1 in the classroom. This paper illustrates traces of the mother tongue in past and present debates to provide an overall picture of the changes and help researchers identify the gaps in this area.
There is a Role for the L1 in Second and Foreign Language Teaching, But…

This article continues the debate sparked by Cook (2001) in the most recent issue of the Canadian Modern Language Review examining when and how much the target language (TL) should be used in second language (SL) and foreign language (FL) teaching, and why. In this paper, I agree with Cook that SL or FL teachers should maximize their use of the TL; I also argue that doing so benefits students' TL proficiency. Aside from agreeing with Cook that there is indeed a place for the teacher to use the students' L1 in SL and FL teaching, I also highlight some disadvantages when teachers rely too extensively on the L1. I also call into question what 'maximize' really means in terms of an optimal or acceptable amount of TL and L1 use by teachers.
Structural Constraints on the Covariance Matrix Derived from Multiple Aligned Protein Sequences

Residue contact predictions were calculated based on the mutual information observed between pairs of positions in large multiple protein sequence alignments. Where previously only the statistical properties of these data have been considered important, we introduce new measures to impose constraints that make the contact map more consistent with a three dimensional structure. These included global (bulk) properties and local secondary structure properties. The latter allowed the contact constraints to be employed at the level of filtering pairs of secondary structure contacts which led to a more efficient (lower-level) implementation in the PLATO structure prediction server. Where previously the measure of success with this method had been whether the correct fold was predicted in the top 10 ranked models, with the current implementation, our summary statistic is the number of correct folds included in the top 10 models — which is on average over 50 percent.
Harm minimisation after repeated self-harm: development of a trust handbook

Repeated self-harm without suicidal intent occurs in approximately 2% of adults ([Meltzer et al , 2002][1]). Service users report that professionals can respond to self-harm with unhelpful attitudes and ineffective care. Although evidence for effective treatments is poor ([Hawton et al , 1999][2]),
The comprehension of ‘here’ and ‘there’

ABSTRACT Comprehension of words like here and there demands an ability to take the speaker as reference point whether or not his position agrees with one's own. Because children are known to have difficulty taking another person's viewpoint into account, it was hypothesized that children would be able to understand here and there with the speaker as reference point only after they were able to understand the terms with self as reference point. Fifty children age 2;6–3;6 were presented with two toys spaced a few feet apart and asked ‘Which one is over here/there? ’ There were three conditions: E and S both sat next to (1) the same toy; (2) a different toy; and (3) E sat next to one toy while the other toy was near no-one. Contrary to the hypothesis, it was found that children did not comprehend the words with self as reference point first. Instead, the words appear to be understood first I with respect to an inconsistent reference point before children learn that the reference point is always the speaker.
Determinanten betrieblicher Innovation: Partizipation von Beschaeftigten als vernachlaessigter Einflussfaktor

Die wenigen empirischen Untersuchungen, die bisher zum Zusammenhang zwischen der Partizipation von Beschaeftigten und dem unternehmerischen Innovationserfolg durchgefuehrt wurden, zeigen kein einheitliches Ergebnis. Dies liegt zum einen an unterschiedlichen Abgrenzungen des Partizipationsbegriffs und zum anderen an verschiedenen Untersuchungsmethoden. In diesem Beitrag wird ausgehend von einem breiten Partizipations-begriff, der sowohl die betriebliche Mitbestimmung durch den Betriebsrat als auch Beteili-gungsformen im Bereich der Arbeitsgestaltung und des Wissensmanagements umfasst, fuer einen repraesentativen Datensatz nordhessischer Unternehmen (N=1.781, n=529) untersucht, ob Partizipation Innovation determiniert. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass gesetzliche betriebliche Mitbestimmung durch Betriebsraete weder positive noch negative Auswirkungen auf die Innovationstaetigkeit eines Unternehmens hat. Partizipative Arbeitsgestaltung sowie beteili-gungsorientiertes Wissensmanagement zeigen sowohl hinsichtlich des Auftretens als auch der Intensitaet von Produkt- und Prozessinnovationen positive Effekte.
Three-phase grid inverter with SiC JFETs and Schottky diodes

This paper describes design, construction and tests of 2kVA three-phase Current Source Inverter with Silicon Carbide (SiC) JFETs and Schottky diodes. Low on-resistance and switching energies of SiC JFET lead to switching frequency increase to 100kHz. In result size and weight of inverter is reduced. Operation of 2kVA model is illustrated by laboratory results - measured efficiency at nominal conditions was 96,55%.
Wearable lower-limb assistive device for physical load reduction of caregiver on transferring support

This paper introduces a wearable lower-limb assistive device that helps caregivers assisting transfer of an elderly or a physically challenged person between a bed and a wheelchair or between a wheelchair and a toilet. Based on our preliminary survey of the caregivers at a hospital and a nursing home, a wearable assistive device to release caregiver's physical load should have four functions: (a) to sustain the caregiver's weight at his/her hip during transferring assistance, (b) to prevent a caregiver from falling backward during transferring assistance, (c) not to interfere with caregiver's squat motion when the assistance is not needed such as when tying a care receiver's shoelaces, and (d) to be easy-to-wear and lightweight. This paper proposes the assistive device that satisfies these requirements with novel movable support mechanism and release mechanism. The movable support mechanism prevents a caregiver's falling backward while bracing the caregiver's hip part at arbitrary height. The release mechanism disables the weight support function of the device in an easy operation as needed basis. The functions are confirmed through experiments with healthy subjects and physical therapists and through subjective evaluation by therapists.
A comparison of different input devices for a 3D environment

Motivation -- To identify a suitable interaction modality -among the ones currently implemented in a three-dimensional (3D) environment for Air Traffic Control- for allowing interactive exploration of and gathering information about 3D weather structures. Research approach -- A usability study entailing four interaction modalities (also called 'interaction interfaces'): voice, wand, pen and sketch interfaces, across a task requiring 3D surface exploration, information gathering and recall of information. Quantitative data (time, errors and a composite performance index) as well as qualitative data were collected. Findings/Design -- Overall, the results indicate that the wand supported a better performance when compared to the other interaction interfaces. Among the four interaction interfaces, the voice interface seems to present additional limitations, mostly related to time lag in the voice recognition, that were judged as a source of frustration. Originality/Value -- The present work provides empirical results deriving from a comparative usability study of four interaction interfaces; it contributes to the study of interaction in 3D environments with new empirical data.
Radiolabeled Apoptosis Imaging Agents for Early Detection of Response to Therapy

Since apoptosis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and is associated with responses to therapy, molecular imaging of apoptotic cells could be useful for early detection of therapeutic effects, particularly in oncology. Radiolabeled annexin V compounds are the hallmark in apoptosis imaging in vivo. These compounds are reviewed from the genesis of apoptosis (cell death) imaging agents up to recent years. They have some disadvantages, including slow clearance and immunogenicity, because they are protein-based imaging agents. For this reason, several studies have been conducted in recent years to develop low molecule apoptosis imaging agents. In this review, radiolabeled phosphatidylserine targeted peptides, radiolabeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex, radiolabeled 5-fluoropentyl-2-methyl-malonic acid (ML-10), caspase-3 activity imaging agents, radiolabeled duramycin, and radiolabeled phosphonium cation are reviewed as promising low-molecular-weight apoptosis imaging agents.
Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Skin Allograft Survival and Inhibit Th-17 Immune Response

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) exhibit immunosuppressive capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. Their use for therapy in the transplant field is attractive as they could render the use of immunosuppressive drugs unnecessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ADSC therapy on prolonging skin allograft survival. Animals that were treated with a single injection of donor allogeneic ADSC one day after transplantation showed an increase in donor skin graft survival by approximately one week. This improvement was associated with preserved histological morphology, an expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in draining lymph nodes, as well as heightened IL-10 expression and down-regulated IL-17 expression. In vitro, ADSC inhibit naïve CD4+ T cell proliferation and constrain Th-1 and Th-17 polarization. In summary, infusion of ADSC one day post-transplantation dramatically increases skin allograft survival by inhibiting the Th-17 pathogenic immune response and enhancing the protective Treg immune response. Finally, these data suggest that ADSC therapy will open new opportunities for promoting drug-free allograft survival in clinical transplantation.
Urban policy mobility, anti-politics, and histories of the transnational municipal movement

This paper brings geographical research on urban policy mobility into conversation with historical research on the transnational municipal movement. It argues that much of conceptual and methodological interest can be found in this second literature, especially in Pierre-Yves Saunier’s research on the ‘Urban International’ of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It also uses findings from Saunier’s work to identify and highlight salient characteristics and new lines of inquiry regarding contemporary urban policy mobility. These include that urban policy circulation in the 21st century is (dis)organized, geographically extensive, fast, and anti-political.
Time Course of Vascular Reactivity Using Repeated Phase-Contrast MR Angiography in Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis

Background and Purpose— Cerebral vascular reactivity assessment is typically performed with 2 perfusion measurements before and after a vasodilatory challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the time course of the vasodilatory effect in the brain-feeding arteries after a challenge with acetazolamide in patients with a stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods— Twenty-one patients with a symptomatic ICA stenosis and 18 healthy control subjects underwent 2-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiography to repeatedly measure the blood flow (mL/min) in both ICAs at baseline and in 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes after intravenous administration of acetazolamide. Results— At baseline, the blood flow was significantly lower in the stenosed ICAs of patients (155±17 mL/min) than in the contralateral ICAs (237±21 mL/min, P<0.05) and the ICAs of healthy control subjects (249±15 mL/min, P<0.05) and remained lower throughout the time course. The maximum vasodilatory effect in the stenosed ICAs was observed after 15.3±0.9 minutes, which was significantly later than in the contralateral ICAs (within 12.9±0.7 minutes, P<0.05) and healthy ICAs (within 12.8±0.8 minutes, P<0.05). Conclusions— The onset of the maximum vasodilatory effect after administration of acetazolamide is delayed in patients with a symptomatic ICA stenosis.