Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative studies of in vitro morphological transformation of Syrian hamster cells by inorganic metal salts.

Abstract Morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells was induced by direct exposure to some inorganic salts of nickel, cadmium, chromium, beryllium, and arsenic but not salts of iron, titanium, tungstate, zinc, aluminum, and nickel sulfide amorphous. Furthermore, no transformation was observed in untreated controls. Lethality, indicated by a reduction in cloning efficiency, occurred with carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic metal salts. In addition, transformation of Syrian hamster cells was observed also after transplacental exposure to inorganic salts of nickel, beryllium, chromate, and cadmium which had been injected into pregnant hamsters. The transformed colonies had a variety of morphologies reflecting the cell types present in early passages of cells and were identical to those observed after organic carcinogens. Animal experimental data exist for the carcinogenicity of all positive inorganic metals except arsenic. Epidemiological evidence indicates an association between exposures to all positive metals except for cadmium, although there is a possibility of a relationship between occupational exposure to cadmium and cancer of the prostate. Although in terms of dose-response relationships cadmium and chromium were the most potent transforming agents, the comparative potency of the various metals cannot be determined since it would depend on the ionization potential of the metal, the inorganic salt form, and possible biointeractions of the various metals.
k-Regular Matroids

The class of matroids representable over all fields is the class of regular matroids. The class of matroids representable over all fields except perhaps GF(2) is the class of near-regular matroids. Let k be a non-negative integer. This thesis considers the class of k-regular matroids, a generalization of the last two classes. Indeed, the classes of regular and near-regular matroids coincide with the classes of 0-regular and 1-regular matroids, respectively. This thesis extends many results for regular and near-regular matroids. In particular, for all k, the class of k-regular matroids is precisely the class of matroids representable over a particular partial field. Every 3-connected member of the classes of either regular or near-regular matroids has a unique representability property. This thesis extends this property to the 3-connected members of the class of k-regular matroids for all k. A matroid is [omega] -regular if it is k-regular for some k. It is shown that, for all k [greater than or equal to] 0, every 3-connected k-regular matroid is uniquely representable over the partial field canonically associated with the class of [omega] -regular matroids. To prove this result, the excluded-minor characterization of the class of k-regular matroids within the class of [omega] -regular matroids is first proved. It turns out that, for all k, there are a finite number of [omega] -regular excluded minors for the class of k-regular matroids. The proofs of the last two results on k-regular matroids are closely related. The result referred to next is quite different in this regard. The thesis determines, for all r and all k, the maximum number of points that a simple rank-r k-regular matroid can have and identifies all such matroids having this number. This last result generalizes the corresponding results for regular and near-regular matroids. Some of the main results for k-regular matroids are obtained via a matroid operation that is a generalization of the operation of [Delta] - Y exchange. This operation is called segment-cosegment exchange and, like the operation of [Delta] - Y exchange, has a dual operation. This thesis defines the generalized operation and its dual, and identifies many of their attractive properties. One property in particular, is that, for a partial field P, the set of excluded minors for representability over P is closed under the operations of segment-cosegment exchange and its dual. This result generalizes the corresponding result for [Delta] - Y and Y - [Delta] exchanges. Moreover, a consequence of it is that, for a prime power q, the number of excluded minors for GF(q)-representability is at least 2q-4.
Big Social Data Analytics in Journalism and Mass Communication

This article presents an empirical study that investigated and compared two “big data” text analysis methods: dictionary-based analysis, perhaps the most popular automated analysis approach in social science research, and unsupervised topic modeling (i.e., Latent Dirichlet Allocation [LDA] analysis), one of the most widely used algorithms in the field of computer science and engineering. By applying two “big data” methods to make sense of the same dataset—77 million tweets about the 2012 U.S. presidential election—the study provides a starting point for scholars to evaluate the efficacy and validity of different computer-assisted methods for conducting journalism and mass communication research, especially in the area of political communication.
Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response Is Required for Defenses against Bacterial Pore-Forming Toxin In Vivo

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) constitute the single largest class of proteinaceous bacterial virulence factors and are made by many of the most important bacterial pathogens. Host responses to these toxins are complex and poorly understood. We find that the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated upon exposure to PFTs both in Caenorhabditis elegans and in mammalian cells. Activation of the UPR is protective in vivo against PFTs since animals that lack either the ire-1-xbp-1 or the atf-6 arms of the UPR are more sensitive to PFT than wild-type animals. The UPR acts directly in the cells targeted by the PFT. Loss of the UPR leads to a normal response against unrelated toxins or a pathogenic bacterium, indicating its PFT-protective role is specific. The p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) kinase pathway has been previously shown to be important for cellular defenses against PFTs. We find here that the UPR is one of the key downstream targets of the p38 MAPK pathway in response to PFT since loss of a functional p38 MAPK pathway leads to a failure of PFT to properly activate the ire-1-xbp-1 arm of the UPR. The UPR-mediated activation and response to PFTs is distinct from the canonical UPR-mediated response to unfolded proteins both in terms of its activation and functional sensitivities. These data demonstrate that the UPR, a fundamental intracellular pathway, can operate in intrinsic cellular defenses against bacterial attack.
MOTIVATION TOOLS AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS: A CRITICLE ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

The main focus of this research is to discuss the impact of motivation on the performance of employees and its effect on organizational success. After a detailed review of literature the research objectives were selected to study and highlight the meanings, definitions of motivation and performance its relationship that leads towards organizational practice and specific to its impact on the success of organization that is the basis for this research study. In this research study a thoroughly focus was on motivation and performance. Precisely some basic theories are discussed as Abraham Maslow’s theory (Hierarchy of Needs), Fred Herzberg’s (two-factor theory) and Vroom’s theory (Expectancy). Alderfer’s theory (ERG) is based on three categories of needs (Existence, Relatedness and Growth) which are discussed in relation with employee’s motivation and performance. The aim of this research paper is to deliver a dynamic view of motivation and its impact on the organizational achievement, and also discourses the major issues and emphases on the recent work that opens new basis to move research onward. The research study supports that the motivation, spirit, working ability and performance of the employee’s bring success to the organization. The various explanations, definitions, meanings, scopes, and their benefits regarding the topic motivation and performance in organizational success are highlighted.
An Association Rules Algorithm Based on Biclustering

Existing association rules mining algorithm for small scale data have good results, but with a lot of data collection and storage, will greatly reduce the efficiency of the existing algorithm. In this paper transformed association rules problem into Biclustering problem, complete association rule mining well, its efficiency and complexity of the issues is lower than the Apriori algorithm.
A 39, X-41, XYY mosaic mouse.

A sterile mouse was found to be a chromosomal mosaic with two cell lines, one containing 39 chromosomes, the other 41. Both types were present in approximately equal numbers in the bone marrow, but the 41-chromosome line alone was identified in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Evidence from chromosome morphology at mitotic metaphase and from spermatocytes at diakinesis and metaphase I identified the two cell-lines as XO and XYY respectively. The alternative possibilities of exclusion of the XO line from the seminiferous elements by chance and by selection are discussed and the latter interpretation favoured. The possibility is raised that the Y chromosome of mammals carries genetic information essential for normal spermatogenesis, as distinct from its established function in embryonic gonadal determination.
The Bacteriophage T4 Transcription Activator MotA Interacts with the Far-C-Terminal Region of the σ70 Subunit of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase

ABSTRACT Transcription from bacteriophage T4 middle promoters uses Escherichia coli RNA polymerase together with the T4 transcriptional activator MotA and the T4 coactivator AsiA. AsiA binds tightly within the C-terminal portion of the σ70 subunit of RNA polymerase, while MotA binds to the 9-bp MotA box motif, which is centered at −30, and also interacts with σ70. We show here that the N-terminal half of MotA (MotANTD), which is thought to include the activation domain, interacts with the C-terminal region of σ70 in an E. coli two-hybrid assay. Replacement of the C-terminal 17 residues of σ70 with comparable σ38 residues abolishes the interaction with MotANTD in this assay, as does the introduction of the amino acid substitution R608C. Furthermore, in vitro transcription experiments indicate that a polymerase reconstituted with a σ70 that lacks C-terminal amino acids 604 to 613 or 608 to 613 is defective for MotA-dependent activation. We also show that a proteolyzed fragment of MotA that contains the C-terminal half (MotACTD) binds DNA with a KD(app) that is similar to that of full-length MotA. Our results support a model for MotA-dependent activation in which protein-protein contact between DNA-bound MotA and the far-C-terminal region of σ70 helps to substitute functionally for an interaction between σ70 and a promoter −35 element.
Unemployment Insurance, Wage Dynamics and Inequality Over the Life Cycle

We investigate the relationship between life cycle wages and individual membership of unemployment insurance schemes in Denmark. We separate permanent from transitory wages and characterise them using membership of unemployment insurance funds. We find that unemployment insurance is associated with lower wage growth heterogeneity over the life cycle and greater wage instability, changing the nature of wage inequality from permanent to transitory. While we are in general unable to formally test for moral hazard against adverse selection into unemployment insurance, robustness checks suggest that moral hazard is the relevant interpretation.
Survivin is required for stable checkpoint activation in taxol-treated HeLa cells

Survivin is an essential chromosomal passenger protein whose function remains unclear. Here, we have used RNA interference to specifically repress Survivin in cultured HeLa cells. Immunoblot analysis showed that Survivin was no longer detectable in cultures 60 hours after transfection with Survivin-specific siRNA. Live cell analysis showed that many Survivin-depleted cells were delayed in mitosis, and immunofluorescence analysis of fixed specimens revealed that Survivin-depleted cells accumulated in prometaphase with misaligned chromosomes. The chromosomal passenger proteins, INCENP and Aurora-B, which can interact directly with Survivin, were absent from the centromeres of Survivin-depleted cells. These data contribute to the emerging picture that Survivin operates together with INCENP and Aurora-B to perform its mitotic duties. Some Survivin-depleted cells eventually exited mitosis without completing cytokinesis. This resulted in a gradual increase in the percentage of multinucleated cells in the culture. Time-lapse imaging of synchronized cultures revealed that control and Survivin-depleted cells arrested in mitosis in the presence of nocodazole; however, the latter failed to arrest in mitosis when treated with taxol. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that Survivin-depleted cells were unable to stably maintain BubR1 at the kinetochores in the presence of either taxol or nocodazole. Our data reveal that Survivin is not required for the spindle assembly checkpoint when it is activated by the loss of microtubules. However, Survivin is required for the maintenance of the checkpoint when it is activated by taxol, which is generally thought to cause a loss of spindle tension.
Problem-Solving Treatment: Evidence for Effectiveness and Feasibility in Primary Care

Objective: There is a need for psychological treatments for psychiatric disorders in primary care. The purpose of this article is to review studies of problem-solving treatment (PST). PST is a brief psychological treatment for emotional symptoms in primary care patients. Method: A series of different studies of primary care patients in Oxford are reviewed. Results: In primary care, PST is effective for patients with major depression and for patients with more broadly defined emotional disorders. PST can be effectively delivered in primary care settings by psychiatrists, general practitioners, or nurses. PST may be more expensive than primary care practitioners' usual treatment in terms of direct costs. However, PST might result in greater savings if indirect costs are also considered. Conclusions: PST is a feasible, brief, effective treatment for mental disorders of mild to moderate severity in primary care. Replication studies and further research on combination treatments, long-term outcomes, and indirect costs are indicated.
Calcium oscillations induced by gambierol in cerebellar granule cells

Gambierol is a marine polyether ladder toxin derived from the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus. To date, gambierol has been reported to act either as a partial agonist or as an antagonist of sodium channels or as a blocker of voltage‐dependent potassium channels. In this work, we examined the cellular effect of gambierol on cytosolic calcium concentration, membrane potential and sodium and potassium membrane currents in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells. We found that at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 30 µM, gambierol‐evoked [Ca2+]c oscillations that were dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium, irreversible and highly synchronous. Gambierol‐evoked [Ca2+]c oscillations were completely eliminated by the NMDA receptor antagonist APV and by riluzole and delayed by CNQX. In addition, the K+ channel blocker 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP)‐evoked cytosolic calcium oscillations in this neuronal system that were blocked by APV and delayed in the presence of CNQX. Electrophysiological recordings indicated that gambierol caused membrane potential oscillations, decreased inward sodium current amplitude and decreased also outward IA and IK current amplitude. The results presented here point to a common mechanism of action for gambierol and 4‐AP and indicate that gambierol‐induced oscillations in cerebellar neurons are most likely secondary to a blocking action of the toxin on voltage‐dependent potassium channels and hyperpolarization of sodium current activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 497–508, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Les leviers de contrôle de SIMONS: vers une compréhension des freins à l'équilibrage diagnostic / interactif

Simons's researches in the mid-1990s offer an original framework for relations between control and strategy. The imprecision of the model, its vertical orientation focusing on top management were criticized and completed by additional researches. Adopting a transversal and vertical approach focused on middle managers, this research aims to analyze the development of diagnostics systems towards interactivity and brakes to such developments. The article analyzes the results of an intervention research conducted in a third-party logistics which has adopted a new measurement performance system, including its impact on diagnostic control systems used by middle managers.
Assessment of Sulfonylurea Adherence and Metabolic Control

This study was designed to compare sulfonylurea adherence assessment by providers, patients' self-report, pill counts, and a medication event monitoring system (MEMS-3®) device, and correlate the estimates of metabolic control by provider, patient, and laboratory. Forty-seven outpatient veterans with fair to poor metabolic control of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were enrolled and received monthly refills of sulfonylurea in vials with a cap containing an electronic medication monitoring microprocessor. Pill counts and fasting plasma glucoses were measured monthly, and glycohemoglobin and a 24-hour diet recall were obtained at 0 and 60 days. Investigators then asked providers and patients to assess adherence and metabolic control. Forty-seven percent were nonadherent to medication using MEMS-3®, 29% using pill counts, 29% using provider assessment, and 31 % using self-report. Thirty-one percent of providers and 53% of patients assessed metabolic control differently than laboratory values. Assessment of medication adherence by provider, patient, and pill counts did not explain metabolic control as closely as assessment by MEMS-3®.
Threshold circuits for iterated matrix product and powering

The complexity of computing, via threshold circuits, the iterated product and powering of fixed-dimension k x k matrices with integer or rational entries is studied. We call these two problems IMP k and MPOW k , respectively, for short. We prove that: (i) For k > 2, IMP k does not belong to TC°, unless TC 0 = NC1. (ii) For stochastic matrices: IMP 2 belongs to TC 0 while, for k > 3, IMP k does not belong to TC 0 , unless TC° = NC 1 . (iii) For any k, MPOW k belongs to TC 0 .
A PROPOSAL FOR SPECIFYING BUSINESS COMPONENTS 1

Component-based software development is a potential reuse paradigm for the future. While the required technologies for a component-style system development are widely available, for instance Sun’s Enterprise Java Beans, a problem inhibits the breakthrough of the component paradigm in business application domains: compared to traditional engineering disciplines there is a lack of standardized methods to describe business components. Such a description has to address several aspects: What services are offered and requested by a business component? How can these services be used? Are there any interdependencies between the services of a set of business components? What quality characteristics do the offered services fulfill? And so on. In this paper, we present a holistic approach to specify a business component. This approach consists of seven specification levels which address both technical and business aspects. Furthermore, we show the application of this method by specifying a simple business component that deals with German bank codes.
Catholics and the Upper Middle Class: A Comment on Roof

Since Wade Clark Roof's article "Socioeconomic Differentials Among White Socioreligious Groups in the United States" is to some considerable extent a response to my own work, I should like to continue the dialogue, I hope, with the same respect and courtesy which Roof has displayed in his contribution. In this brief Comment, I will contend that Roof is mistaken when he says that the differences among Protestant and Catholic groups "have become so small and insignificant that they hardly warrant extended debate and certainly should not be accorded more attention than they deserve. " I will contend that quite literally the differences are significant, indeed statistically significant, and they require and deserve considerable attention, though for reasons that have to do more with our understanding of immigration than with our understanding of religion. In order to clarify the differences that may exist between Roof and myself, let me state first of all that I agree with Roof that "neither Catholic nor Protestant claims to superior economic motivation are likely to be persuasive today" and that I certainly do not expect a "national elite . without any Protestants at all. " Indeed, the context for my own work, set in the introductory pages of the brochure to which Roof refers, was designed to indicate my basic concerns with immigration and acculturation and not with the superiority of religious motivations. The issue for me is not whether Catholics are more successful than Protestants, but whether the expectations stated at the beginning of this century by the Dillingham Commission and later by the works of various writers of the Chicago School that the Catholic ethnic group would find it difficult to achieve economic success in America have been sustained by the empirical evidence. The issues, it seems to me, are not those raised by Cantril or Lenski or Pope or Veroff, Feld and Gurin. The issues are those raised, rather by W I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki (Polish Peasant in Europe and America), issues which I do not think American social science has definitively analyzed. I have two basic disagreements with Roof, one methodological and the other substantive. Methodologically, the standardization techniques ? 1981 The University of North Carolina Press. 0037-7732/81/030824-30$00.70
Posterior alpha activity modulated by covert attention used as a control signal for BCI

Introduction Brain-computer interfaces clearly benefit from as many control signals as possible. We have here explored the possibility of using posterior alpha activity modulated by covert attention as a BCI control signal. Covert attention is the act of mentally focusing on a target without changing gaze. In an offline study, we show that modulations of posterior alpha activity can predict the direction to which a subject is covertly attending. Offline experiments have also shown that when attention is directed to the left visual hemifield, alpha activity decreases in the right posterior hemisphere while simultaneously increasing in the left hemisphere (and vice versa). Therefore, the ratio between left and right posterior alpha power, referred to as the ‘alpha lateralization index’, is strongly correlated with covert attention. We have developed an online brain-computer interface (BCI) system controlled by covert attention. The system is driven by the alpha lateralization index as computed from posterior MEG sensors. Online streaming and processing was done using FieldTrip (http://fieldtrip.fcdonders.nl).