Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global changes in propagation of stationary waves in a warming scenario

An investigation of how stationary Rossby wave (SRW) propagation can change in response to the A2 climate change scenario is made using six coupled ocean–atmosphere general‐circulation models (OAGCM). The simulation results for the present‐day climate (1960–1990) are compared with the NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF ERA‐40 re‐analyses. The zonal wind, the SRW kinetic energy (KE) pattern along the waveguide and the stationary wave‐number are used to analyse the changes in the SRW propagation for the winter season of each hemisphere. The main result shows that in future climate (2069–2099) the SRW propagation for longer distances is unfavourable for the main waveguides in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH), which is confirmed through the SRW KE decrease. A poleward shift of the subtropical jet stream in future climate is also shown by five models in the SH and by three in the NH.
Potential-based hierarchical clustering

When performing hierarchical clustering, some metric must be used to determine the similarity between pairs of clusters. Traditional similarity metrics either can only deal with simple shapes or are very sensitive to outliers. We propose two potential-based similarity metrics, APES and AMAPES, inspired by the concept of electric potential in physics. The main features of these metrics are: they have strong anti-jamming capability; and they are capable of finding clusters of complex irregular shapes.
On the local equilibrium of the subgrid scales : The velocity and scalar fields

Direct numerical simulations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence are used to analyze the local equilibrium assumption between large and small scales of motion in the context of large-eddy simulations. The local imbalance, between grid/subgrid scales transfer (of kinetic energy and scalar variance) and molecular dissipation, increases with the Reynolds and Schmidt numbers and with the filter size. It is shown that the correlations between SGS production and dissipation (for the velocity and scalar fields) are higher in regions dominated by strain and where vorticity and strain are comparably large, and smaller in regions where vorticity dominates.
Pressure fluctuations on gates

Mean and fluctuating pressures on various geometries of vertical-lift gates have been measured and analysed. The influence of various hydraulic parameters and the magnitude of the gate opening on mean and r.m.s. pressure fluctuations and their spatial correlations has been investigated. The variations in the distribution pattern, spatial correlations and intensity of pressure fluctuations have been studied when the gate is forced to vibrate with a single degree-of-freedom in the vertical direction at specified frequencies and amplitude. Total intensity of fluctuating pressures on vibrating gates has been obtained by integrating the r.m.s. pressure fluctuations over the gate thickness. The distinct peak in the total intensity of fluctuating pressure on the gate indicates the presence of a dominant frequency which is considered to be the critical condition for the design of hydraulic control gates.
An adaptive window object tracking algorithm based on variable resolution

This paper presents an adaptive window object tracking method based on variable resolution. It copes with the change in size of the object during visual tracking. On the basis of the visual tracking algorithm, based on maximum posterior probability, we analyze the posterior probability index on the inside and outside panes of the object window, then build a mathematical model for adjusting object size with an adaptive window. Since the resolution changes according to the size of the object, this thesis uses a statistical sampling method of the feature by variable resolution. The resolution of the statistical feature is correspondingly changed in object tracking with an adaptive window. The resolution of a larger object is decreased, which realizes an object tracking method with adaptive window based on variable resolution.
Some Quantitative Aspects of an Opponent-Colors Theory. I. Chromatic Responses and Spectral Saturation

Saturation discrimination is assumed to be dependent on the ratio of chromatic to achromatic components in the sensory response to a given wavelength. The usual methods of measurement do not, however, permit independent control of the chromatic and achromatic variables. On the basis of an opponent-colors theory of vision, a method is described for measuring directly and separately the spectral distributions of the chromatic components. A series of experiments is reported in which this method was used to obtain measures of the paired chromatic responses associated with the four primary spectral hues. Results are reported for two observers, 1° foveal test field, for an equal brightness spectrum (10 mL), and a neutral state of adaptation (10 mL). The measured chromatic responses, together with achromatic (luminosity) functions measured earlier for the same observers, are used to predict the form of the spectral saturation discrimination function.
Actuated suspensions with enhanced dynamics for hard disk drives

This paper presents two novel designs of piezoelectric milli-actuators for secondary-stage head positioning. The designs are an inline-actuated suspension and a quad-morph actuated suspension, which use a piezoelectric plate and a piezoelectric quad-morph, respectively, to drive a parallel mechanism into lateral stroke. The inline design at elongated portion of a slender load beam is capable of enhancing the first torsional frequency; whereas, the quad-morph design at the extended base plate is capable of enhancing the first sway frequency. Both designs produce adequate lateral stroke. The proof of concepts was confirmed using finite-element simulation and experimental modal testing.
Stellar populations in edge-on galaxies from deep CCD surface photometry, 1: NGC 5907

We present extremely deep charge coupled device (CCD) surface photometry of the edge-on Sc galaxy NGC 5907. Our data reach reliably to a surface brightness of R=27 mag/sq arcsec, some two magnitudes fainter than any previous work. We obtained this improvement using a 2048X2048 CCD with a wide (approximately 24 min) field, which made it possible to sky subtract directly from the galaxy frame, and by taking many dark sky flatfields. Our analysis of these data, using a full 2D model fitting procedure with a detailed error model, confirm the thin disk parameters of van der Kruit & Searle (1981). In particular, we confirm that the galaxy's disk has a radial cutoff and a constant scale height with radius. We find evidence for a stellar warp in this system, which has the same orientation as the H I warp. Our deep data also confirm that NGC 5907 has no thick disk. This suggests that theories of thick disk formation from star formation in the early stages of disk collapse, or by secular heating mechanisms, are unlikely to be correct, because they would predict that every galaxy would have a thick disk. Thick disk formation from the accretion of satellite galaxies is more likely.
Manufacturing and integration of the IFS integral spectrograph

Currently in the phase of the assembly, the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) is part of Sphere, which will see the first light at ESO Paranal as a VLT second generation instruments in the 2011. In this paper we will describe the main aspects in the Assembly, Integration and Testing phase (AIT) of the instrument at INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD) laboratory at the current stage. As result of the AIT, a full set of tests and qualifications of IFS subcomponents will be discussed. These tests have been designed and realized with the purpose to obtain an accurate comparison between design goals and effective performances of the instrument.
Dynamics over 4 GHz of spring-magnet type NiFe/CoFe bilayers with high permeability

Bilayers of spring-magnet type with soft and hard layers such as NiFe-Co and NiFe-CoFe for pinned and free layers are a key structure of GMR spin-valves transducers. Advanced magnetics for integrated micro-inductors and transformers or for magnetic write heads required for ultrahigh density recording imply soft high saturation magnetization 4/spl pi/M/sub s/ with a large real part /spl mu/' at high frequency up to or higher than 1 GHz. In this paper, we studied the dynamical behavior of such bilayers from their complex permeability spectra (/spl mu/', /spl mu/") investigated in a broad frequency range up to 6 GHz. /spl mu/' and /spl mu/" of the Ni/sub 80/Fe/sub 20/ layer are strongly sensitive to the Co and CoFe layers even or mainly at very small thickness starting from t/sub Co,CoFe/=0.5 nm. Due to an increase with t/sub Co/ and t/sub CoFe/ of the effective 4/spl pi/M/sub s/ and H/sub Ku/ of the bilayer the rolloff frequency associated with the FMR frequency /spl omega//sub r//2/spl pi/=/spl gamma/(4/spl pi/M/sub S//spl times/H/sub Ku/)/sup 1/2/ of the NiFe layer can be increased from 0.65 GHz by a factor 6 (4 GHz) without dramatic reduction of the real part of the susceptibility /spl mu/'=4/spl pi/M/sub S//H/sub Ku/.
Why the speed of light is reduced in a transparent medium

It is well known from optics that the speed of light in a transparent medium is reduced by a factor of n (the index of refraction) as compared with vacuum. Maxwell’s electrodynamics provides a simple account of this phenomenon, and relates n to the electric susceptibility of the material. But the conventional analysis does little to illuminate the mechanism involved. This paper offers some elucidation of the ‘‘miracle’’ by which the radiation from many induced molecular dipoles conspires to produce a single wave propagating at the reduced speed.
Further significance tests

In a previous paper (afterwards referred to as Paper I) tests have been given for the significance of some quantities found statistically. The results are given in the form P(q | θh)/P (˜ q|θh); here h denotes the previous knowledge and θ the experimental evidence used, while q is the hypothesis that all the variations outstanding can be attributed to accidental error or random variation, and ˜q the hypothesis that at least part of them is systematic. It has been supposed in the analysis that q and ˜q are equally probable on the information h; but if they are not, the only alteration is that the ratios evaluated now represent If successive batches of relevant information are available the total effect on the probability of q can therefore be got by multiplying the values of given by the investigations separately. In each case the assumption that q has prior probability ½ is really a practical working rule rather than a statement of fact.
Nonlinear Change Models in Populations with Unobserved Heterogeneity

When unobserved heterogeneity exists in populations where the phenomenon of interest is governed by a functional form of change linear in its parameters, the growth mixture model (GMM) is useful for modeling change conditional on latent class. However, when the functional form of interest is nonlinear in its parameters, the GMM is not very useful because it is based on a system of equations linear in its parameters. The nonlinear change mixture model (NCMM) is proposed, which explicitly addresses unobserved heterogeneity in situations where change follows a nonlinear functional form. Due to the integration of nonlinear multilevel models and finite mixture models, neither of which generally have closed form solutions, analytic solutions do not generally exist for the NCMM. Five methods of parameter estimation are developed and evaluated with a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study. The simulation showed that the parameters of the NCMM can be accurately estimated with several of the proposed methods, a.
ALGORITHMS FOR THE NONLINEAR EIGENVALUE PROBLEM

The following nonlinear eigenvalue problem is studied : Let $T(\lambda )$ be an $n \times n$ matrix, whose elements are analytical functions of the complex number $\lambda $. We seek $\lambda $ and vectors x and y, such that $T(\lambda )x = 0$, and $y^H T(\lambda ) = 0$. Several algorithms for the numerical solution of this problem are studied. These algorithms are extensions of algorithms for the linear eigenvalue problem such as inverse iteration and the $QR$ algorithm, and algorithms that reduce the nonlinear problem into a sequence of linear problems. It is found that this latter method can be extended into a global strategy, finding a complete basis of eigenvectors in the cases where it is proved that such a basis exists.Numerical tests, performed in order to compare the different algorithms, are reported, and a few numerical examples illustrating their behavior are given.
Two-dimensional imaging of edge plasma electron density and temperature by the passive helium emission ratio technique in TJ-II

An intensified visible camera looks tangentially at a poloidal limiter where helium recycles, acting as a wide neutral source, and the atomic line emission due to plasma excitation becomes strongly localized there. It includes a bifurcated coherent bundle, each end with a different interference filter to select helium atomic lines, so that two simultaneous filtered images are captured in one single frame. The object of the proposed technique is to apply the well-known helium-beam line-ratio technique to obtain from selected filtered images the two-dimensional (2D) edge plasma ne and Te. The code EIRENE was used to demonstrate that the helium emission from recycling neutrals dominates the emission for the lines of view passing close above the limiter. Since these chords are nearly parallel to magnetic field lines in the emission region, the images can be approximated to poloidal cuts of the plasma emission within the tolerances discussed in the paper. The absolute radial profiles of Te and ne obtained with the method presented here were checked in the TJ-II stellarator to be in relatively good agreement with other diagnostics within a wide range of plasma parameters for both ECRH and NBI plasmas. The method is finally used to get 2D images of edge plasma Te and ne.
Parabolic-like mappings

In this paper we introduce the notion of parabolic-like mapping. Such an object is similar to a polynomial-like mapping, but it has a parabolic external class, i.e. an external map with a parabolic fixed point. We define the notion of parabolic-like mapping and we study the dynamical properties of parabolic-like mappings. We prove a straightening theorem for parabolic-like mappings which states that any parabolic-like mapping of degree two is hybrid conjugate to a member of the family $$\begin{eqnarray}\mathit{Per}_{1}(1)=\left\{[P_{A}]\,\bigg|\,P_{A}(z)=z+\frac{1}{z}+A,~A\in \mathbb{C}\right\}\! ,\end{eqnarray}$$ a unique such member if the filled Julia set is connected.
Direct simulation of interfacial waves in a high-viscosity-ratio and axisymmetric core–annular flow

A direct numerical simulation of spatially periodic wavy core flows is carried out under the assumption that the densities of the two fluids are identical and that the viscosity of the oil core is so large that it moves as a rigid solid which may nevertheless be deformed by pressure forces in the water. The waves which develop are asymmetric with steep slopes in the high-pressure region at the front face of the wave crest and shallower slopes at the low-pressure region at the lee side of the crest. The simulation gives excellent agreement with the experiments of Bai, Chen & Joseph (1992) on up flow in vertical core flow where axisymmetric bamboo waves are observed. We define a threshold Reynolds number and explore its utility; the pressure force of the water on the core relative to a fixed reference pressure is negative for Reynolds numbers below the threshold and is positive above. The wave length increases with the hold-up ratio when the Reynolds number is smaller than a second threshold and decreases for larger Reynolds numbers. We verify that very high pressures are generated at stagnation points on the wavefront. It is suggested that a positive pressure force is required to levitate the core off the wall when the densities are not matched and to centre the core when they are. A further conjecture is that the principal features which govern wavy core flows cannot be obtained from any theory in which inertia is neglected.
Bivariate location–scale models for regression analysis, with applications to lifetime data

Summary. The literature on multivariate linear regression includes multivariate normal models, models that are used in survival analysis and a variety of models that are used in other areas such as econometrics. The paper considers the class of location–scale models, which includes a large proportion of the preceding models. It is shown that, for complete data, the maximum likelihood estimators for regression coefficients in a linear location–scale framework are consistent even when the joint distribution is misspecified. In addition, gains in efficiency arising from the use of a bivariate model, as opposed to separate univariate models, are studied. A major area of application for multivariate regression models is to clustered, ‘parallel’ lifetime data, so we also study the case of censored responses. Estimators of regression coefficients are no longer consistent under model misspecification, but we give simulation results that show that the bias is small in many practical situations. Gains in efficiency from bivariate models are also examined in the censored data setting. The methodology in the paper is illustrated by using lifetime data from the Diabetic Retinopathy Study.
Roll Call Data and Ideal Points

We show that, in the absence of symmetry or other parametric restrictions on legislators’ utility functions, roll call voting records cannot be used to estimate legislators’ ideal points unless we complement these data with information on the location of the alternatives being voted upon by the legislature. Without such additional information, the roll-call data cannot differentiate between distinct, arbitrary, sets of ideal points for the legislators no matter how large the roll call record or how low the number of policy dimensions. On the other hand, when the location of voting alternatives is known, we derive simple testable restrictions on the location of legislators’ ideal points from the roll call data.
Flux-flow instabilities in amorphous Nb0.7Ge0.3 microbridges

We report measurements of the electric field vs current density [E(J)] characteristics in the mixed state of amorphous Nb0.7Ge0. 3 microbridges. Close to the transition temperature Tc the Larkin-Ovchinnikov theory of nonlinear flux flow and the related instability describes the data quantitatively up to ${\approx}$70% of the upper critical magnetic field Bc2 and over a wide electric-field range. At lower temperatures the nonlinearities of E(J) can be described by electron heating which reduces Bc2 and leads to a second type of flux flow instability, as shown by a scaling analysis of the high-dissipation data.
Application of Feature Extraction Method Based on Empirical Fourier Decomposition in Rotor Rub-impact Fault

This paper provides a feature extraction technique primarily by using empirical Fourier decomposition (EFD) to reveal the time-frequency features of rotor rub-impact fault. The Hilbert transform estimates the instantaneous frequency (IF) and instantaneous amplitude (IA) of the signal generated by EFD. Finally, high-quality time-frequency representation (TFR) is reconstructed by the adaptive time-frequency spectrum (ATFS). An example of the rotor rub-impact fault is utilized to demonstrate efficiency of this technique, and the results are contrasted with those of empirical mode decomposition (EMD). EFD performs better in the modal mixing problem than EMD and has excellent decomposition efficiency. It realizes IF feature extraction and offers a more precise TFR.
Elemental abundance analyses with Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito REOSC echelle spectrograms. I. κ Cancri, HR 7245, and ξ Octantis

Elemental abundances are derived for three sharp-lined stars Cnc, HR 7245, and Oct using REOSC echelle spectrograms obtained at CASLEO. Comparisons are made with published equivalent widths. The derived abundances for Cnc and Oct are slightly larger than those obtained with other high dispersion spectrographs. HR 7245 exhibits a pattern of abundance anomalies similar to other Mercury-Manganese stars. The spectra of the two HgMn stars in the 4640 5100 region exhibit an interesting and useful variety of lines which can be used to supplement analyses of the photographic region.
Improving multiphoton microscopy using annular beam shaping, focusing on imaging of human skin

Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy (MPM) is a method for high resolution, non-invasive investigations of biological tissue. The aim of introducing an annular shaped laser beam is to reduce the ouf-of-focus generated background signal improving imaging of light scattering tissue such as human skin. Simulations show that 50% of the beam radius can be blocked, while preserving the shape of the point spread function. Initial experiments performed on a phantom consisting of fluorescein and fluorescent beads embedded in agar by using a custom built MPM-set up show that by introducing a simple beam blocker to create an annular beam, the background signal is reduced with approximately 5%. Future work will include optimizing the set up, and creating phantoms with more light scattering properties.
On the analysis of large data sets

Studies of hadronic spectra via strong decays of hadrons provide insight regarding the Strong Force (i.e. QCD) at the confinement scale. These studies have led to phenomenological models for QCD such as the constituent quark model. Data from studies of γp -> n πππ are located at ~eugenio/data/n3pi.dat. This file contains over 1 million events of the reaction depicted above. The information for each reaction is given in a simple ascii format. An example of one such event is given below:
A Search for Distant Satellites of Neptune

Abstract The recent discovery of two distant satellites of Uranus suggests that there could be similar bodies orbiting Neptune. Previous surveys for distant satellites of Neptune have had relatively bright magnitude limits (BJ ≃ 20·5) and would have missed satellites with magnitudes and colours similar to the two recently discovered Uranian satellites (R ~ 20·4 and R ~ 21·9). We have searched for satellites of Neptune to a limiting magnitude of R ~ 21 in a 0·1□° region centred on the planet. This search is up to ~ 2 magnitudes deeper than the previous wide field search for distant satellites by the UK Schmidt Telescope. Nereid was easily recovered by the search and no large variations of its magnitude were detected.
Day-side auroral signatures based on simultaneous, coordinated observations at Svalbard and Greenland

The height distribution of the dayside cusp aurora and the relation between optical emissions and net downward electron energy flux are discussed. These two important characteristics of day-side cusp aurora are still unknown. It is instructive to compare particle flux and optical luminosity because these two quantities should be proportional if the cusp aurora is caused by electron impact, as has been found for nighttime aurora in the oval. Furthermore, there should then be a direct relation between auroral altitudes and particle energy. Based on coordinated auroral observations at Svalbard and Greenland, together with simultaneous, overhead F-9 satellite measurements, these quantities have been evaluated. >