Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sub-monthly gravity field recovery from simulated multi-GRACE mission type

Monthly solutions of the current GRACE mission are affected by the aliasing problem. In fact, sub-monthly temporal sampling may reduce the temporal aliasing errors but this will be done at the cost of reduced spatial sampling.Reducing the effects of temporal aliasing can be achieved by setting two pairs of satellites in different orbital planes. In this paper, we investigate the so-called Multi-GRACE constellation to improve temporal and spatial resolution for the GRACE-type mission without deteriorating accuracy. We investigate two scenarios: the Multi-GRACE ΔM that improves the temporal sampling only and the Multi-GRACE ΔΩ that improves the spatial sampling besides the temporal one in time span of only 12 days for the hydrological signal as a time-varying gravity field component.Our findings indicate that the hydrological signal can be submonthly recovered and the aliasing errors can be reduced as well by increasing temporal resolution (sub-month) via the Multi-GRACE ΔΩ constellations.
“A place to be safe, feel at home and get better”: Including the experiential knowledge of potential users in the design of the rst wet service in Montreal, Canada

ROSSIO MOTTA OCHOA University of Quebec in Montreal: Universite du Quebec a Montreal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-40837414 Natalia Incio-Serra McGill University Faculty of Education Hélène Poliquin Institut national de sante publique du Quebec Sue-Ann MacDonald Université de Montréal: Universite de Montreal Christophe Huỳnhe Université de Montréal: Universite de Montreal Philippe-Benoit Côté Universite du Quebec a Montreal Jean-Sébastien Fallu Université de Montréal: Universite de Montreal Jorge Flores-Aranda (  ores-aranda.jorge@uqam.ca ) Université de Montréal: Universite de Montreal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-2270
Application of the Systems Impact Assessment Model (SIAM) to Fishery Resource Issues in the Klamath River, California

At the request of two offices of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) located in Yreka and Arcata, Calif. , we applied the Systems Impact Assessment Model (SIAM) to analyze a variety of water management concerns associated with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) relicensing of the Klamath hydropower projects or with ongoing management of anadromous fish stocks in the mainstem Klamath River, Oregon and California. Requested SIAM analyses include predicted effects of reservoir withdrawal elevations, use of full active storage in Copco and Iron Gate Reservoirs to augment spring flows, and predicted spawning and juvenile outmigration timing of fall Chinook salmon. In an effort to further refine the analysis of spring flow effects on predicted fall Chinook production, additional SIAM analyses were performed for predicted response to spring flow release variability from Iron Gate Dam, high and low pulse flow releases, the predicted effects of operational constraints for both Upper Klamath Lake water surface elevations, and projected flow releases specified in the Klamath Project 2006 Operations Plan (April 10, 2006). Results of SIAM simulations to determine flow and water temperature relationships indicate that up to 4° C of thermal variability can be attributed to flow variations, but the effect is seasonal. Much more of thermal variability can be attributed to air temperature variations, up to 6° C. Reservoirs affect the annual thermal signature by delaying spring warming by about 3 weeks and fall cooling by about 2 weeks. Multi-level release outlets on Iron Gate Dam would have limited utility; however, if releases are small (700 cfs) and a near-surface and bottom-level outlet could be blended, then water temperature may be reduced by 2–4° C for a 4-week period during September. Using the full active storage in Copco and Iron Gate Reservoir, although feasible, had undesirable ramifications such as earlier spring warming, loss of hydropower production, and inability to re-fill the reservoirs without causing shortages elsewhere in the system. Altering spawning and outmigration timing may be important management objectives for the salmon fishery, but difficult to implement. SIAM predicted benefits that might occur if water temperature was cooler in fall and spring emergence was advanced;
First direct detection of ions originating from the Moon by MAP‐PACE IMA onboard SELENE (KAGUYA)

The Moon has no global intrinsic magnetic field and only has a very thin atmosphere. Ion measurements made from lunar orbit provide us with information regarding interactions between the solar wind and planetary surface, the surface composition through secondary ion mass spectrometry and the source and loss mechanisms of planetary tenuous atmosphere. An ion energy mass spectrometer MAP‐PACE IMA onboard a lunar orbiter SELENE (KAGUYA) has detected low‐energy ions at 100‐km altitude. The MAP‐PACE measurements have elucidated that the ions originate from the lunar surface and exosphere and that the ions are at least composed of He+, C+, O+, Na+ and K+. Following the discovery of the lunar Na and K exospheres by the ground‐based observation, MAP‐PACE IMA have found the He, C and O exospheres around the Moon.
Effectiveness and side effect profile of stimulant therapy as monotherapy and in combination in the central hypersomnias in clinical practice Running title: Combination therapy in central hypersomnias

Citation for published version (APA): Thakrar, C. , Patel, K. , D'ancona, G. , Kent, B. D. , Nesbitt, A. , Selsick, H. , Steier, J., Rosenzweig, I. , Williams, A. J., Leschziner, G. D. , & Drakatos, P. (2018). Effectiveness and side-effect profile of stimulant therapy as monotherapy and in combination in the central hypersomnias in clinical practice. Journal of Sleep Research, 27(4), [e12627]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12627
ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS14 can substitute for ADAMTS3 in adults for pro-VEGFC activation and lymphatic homeostasis

into active VEGFC as efficiently as ADAMTS3. In vivo, adult mice lacking Adamts2 developed skin lymphedema due to a reduction of the density and diameter of lymphatic vessels, leading to a decrease of lymphatic functionality, while genetic ablation of Adamts14 had no impact. In a model of thermal cauterization of cornea, lymphangiogenesis was significantly reduced in Adamts2- and Adamts14 -KO mice and further repressed in Adamts2/Adamts14 double-KO mice. In summary, we have demonstrated that ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS14 are as efficient as ADAMTS3 in activation of pro-VEGFC and are involved in the homeostasis of the lymphatic vasculature in adulthood, both in physiological and pathological processes. NDPviewer and thickness Functional analysis lymphatic vivo To evaluate lymphatic drainage, 30 μ of a 3% solution of Evans blue (MilliporeSigma) was injected into the footpads of anesthetized mouse hind limbs. Thirty minutes after injection, were sacrificed and dissected to The images were acquired with a camera-equipped dissection microscope (Optika). The blue dye intensity was measured using ImageJ software. Results are expressed a percentage of WT (Hamamatsu) and visualized using NDPviewer (Ham-amatsu). The lymphangiogenic responses were analyzed using a described computerized method (28, 31). All the results were normalized to the total cornea area and are expressed as a percentage of WT control. Statistics . Results were illustrated with GraphPad Prism 8.0 and were expressed as medians with interquartile ranges for different experiments. Statistical analyses were carried out with SigmaPlot 14.0 software using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test to test whether measurements performed on the 4 genotypes of mice have the same distribution. When tests revealed differences, Holm-Šidák post hoc test was conducted to determine which groups were different from others. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare the shapes of the distribution curves, and the significance levels were adjusted with Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons. P values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. The experiments were not randomized. Analysis and quantifications were not blinded.
Population demographics of southern flounder in the New River, North Carolina gill net fishery

The North Carolina (NC) fishery for southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) is currently listed as overfished by the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, and in 2005 management changes were enacted in the fishery in order to achieve a 2005 reduction in fishing mortality. Virtual Population Analysis models are currently used to assess fishing mortality (F) in the NC southern flounder stock, but direct estimates may be more accurate. Direct estimates of F in the New River, NC gill net fishery for southern flounder were obtained for years 2005 and 2006 using tag-returns and accounting for return rate, tag retention, and mortality due to tagging. Annual estimates of F and their probability distributions, F2005 = 1.02 (SE = 0.095) and F2006 = 1.54 (SE = 0.222), indicated a high probability that F attained the targeted fishing mortality of Ftarget = 0.95 in 2005 and a very low probability (p=0.0068) that F attained the target in 2006 in the New River gill net fishery. High interannual variability in F was found, which agrees with recent stock assessments. The results suggest that under the current regulations, F will potentially continue to exceed the target in some NC estuaries, and additional management measures may be necessary in order to reduce F to the target in all systems in which the fishery is executed. Recoveries of previously tagged fish were used in a catch composition analysis of the length frequency, size at age, and maturity of southern flounder harvested in the New River gill net fishery, demonstrating the potential effects of the fishing strategy on longterm yield. Examination of the length frequency distribution indicates that approximately 36% of the catch is composed of sub-legal southern flounder that are discarded, with unknown consequences on mortality. It appears that the fishery is targeting age-1 southern flounder (88% total catch), and all age-0 and age-1 fish exhibited above average growth for southern flounder in NC. 28% of females captured in the months previous to the spawning season were distinguishable as mature, and approximately 19% of the catch may have had the opportunity to spawn in the spawning season previous to their capture, suggesting that much of the catch is immature. Recent evidence suggests that a high removal rate of fast-growing, immature animals can have deleterious effects on long-term yield in the fishery. Yield per recruit analysis and maturity schedules demonstrated that delaying age at entry into the fishery until age-2 may potentially provide higher, more stable yields that are robust to interannual variability in fishing mortality, while also allowing more fish to spawn before becoming subject to the fishery.
Stress granule formation mediates the inhibition of colonic Hsp70 translation by interferon- (cid:1) and tumor necrosis factor- (cid:2)

Stress granule formation mediates the inhibition of colonic Hsp70 translation by interferon- (cid:1) and tumor necrosis factor- (cid:2) . Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol G481–G492, inﬂammation, through cytokines such as interferon- (cid:1) (IFN- (cid:1) ) and tumor necrosis factor- (cid:2) (TNF- (cid:2) ), has many effects on the intestinal epithelium, including selective translational inhibition of the cytoprotective protein heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying this effect, we examined the role of stress granules in mediating the actions of these proinﬂammatory cytokines. Using conditionally immortalized young adult mouse colonic epithelial cells, we demonstrate that IFN- (cid:1) and TNF- (cid:2) , which upregulate eukaryotic initiation factor- (cid:2) (eIF-2 (cid:2) ) phosphorylation and reduce Hsp70 translation, signif-icantly enhance stress granule formation in heat-shocked intestinal epithelial cells. The IFN- (cid:1) and TNF- (cid:2) effects in upregulation of stress granule formation and downregulation of Hsp70 were eIF-2 (cid:2) dependent, and the effect could be negated by blocking eIF-2 (cid:2) phosphorylation with use of an RNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitor. Correspondingly, IFN- (cid:1) and TNF- (cid:2) increased binding of cytoplasmic proteins to the 3 = -untranslated region of Hsp70 mRNA, suggesting speciﬁc recruitment of Hsp70 to stress granules as the mechanism of IFN- (cid:1) and TNF- (cid:2) inhibition of Hsp70 translation. We thus report a novel linkage between inﬂammatory cytokine production, stress granule formation, and Hsp70 translation inhibition, providing additional insights into the response of intestinal epithelial cells to inﬂammatory stress. (cid:1) andTNF- (cid:2) ,inadditiontoheatstress leadstostressgranuleformationinalmost everycell,thussigniﬁcantlysequesteringHsp70mRNAinanuntranslatedstate. IFN- (cid:1) andTNF- (cid:2) leadstophosphorylationofeIF-2a by enhanced phosphorylation of PKR, an action that can be blocked by PKR-I. IFN- (cid:1) and TNF- (cid:2) also promote the relocation of RNA-binding proteins, like TIA-1, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which further enhances the stress granule assembly.
Modifications of the Rayleigh Test for Uniformity in Analysis of Two-Dimensional Orientation Data

We review critically the Rayleigh test for uniformity as used by Curray. After discussing the test in Curray's form, we propose modifications: when the preferred orientation is known a priori, when the asymptotic formula must be corrected for small sample size, and when the natural range of angles is not 360° but 180°. When the preferred orientation is known, we use the statistic V', which is the component in the preferred direction of the vector sum used by Curray, and we discuss the circumstances under which a test based on V' may be regarded as unequivocally a best test for uniformity. We give formulas, a table, and charts for applying the Rayleigh test and the V-test to samples of all sizes that occur in practice. In an appendix we expose the relations between Rayleigh's test and a test proposed by Tukey.
Heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Background The presence of harmful environmental exposures, which disproportionately affects low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), contributes to >25% of deaths and diseases worldwide and detrimentally affects child neurodevelopment. Few resources succinctly summarize the existing literature on this topic. Our objective is to systematically review and characterize the evidence regarding the relationship between heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in LMICs. Methods We conducted a medical librarian-curated search on multiple online databases to identify articles that included individuals <18 years living in a LMIC, quantitatively measured exposure to a heavy metal (either prenatal or postnatal), and used a standardized measurement of neurodevelopment (i.e. cognitive, language, motor, and behavior). Reviews, editorials, or case studies were excluded. Results were analyzed qualitatively, and quality was assessed. Results Of the 18,043 screened articles, 298 full-text articles were reviewed, and 100 articles met inclusion criteria. The included studies represented data from 19 LMICs, only one of which was classified as a low-income country. Ninety-four percent of postnatal lead and all postnatal manganese studies showed a negative association with metal exposure and neurodevelopment, which were the strongest relationships among the metals studied. Postnatal exposure of mercury was associated with poor neurodevelopment in only half of studies. Limited data on postnatal arsenic and cadmium suggests an association with worse neurodevelopment. Findings were mixed for prenatal arsenic and lead, although some evidence supports that the neurotoxicity of lead was amplified in the presence of manganese. Conclusions and potential impact We found that lead and manganese appear to consistently have a detrimental effect on the neurodevelopment of children, and more evidence is needed for mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Better characterization of these effects can motivate and inform prioritization of much needed international policies and programs to reduce heavy metal exposures for young children within LMICs.
What is the best way to measure baryonic acoustic oscillations

Oscillations in the baryon-photon fluid prior to recombination imprint different signatures on the power spectrum and correlation function of matter fluctuations. The measurement of these features using galaxy surveys has been proposed as means to determine the equation of state of the dark energy. The accuracy required to achieve competitive constraints demands an extremely good understanding of systematic effects which change the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) imprint. We use 50 very large volume N-body simulations to investigate the BAO signature in the two-point correlation function. The location of the BAO bump does not correspond to the sound horizon scale at the level of accuracy required by future measurements, even before any dynamical or statistical effects are considered. Careful modelling of the correlation function is therefore required to extract the cosmological information encoded on large scales. We find that the correlation function is less affected by scale dependent effects than the power spectrum. We show that a model for the correlation function proposed by Crocce & Scoccimarro (2008), based on renormalised perturbation theory, gives an essentially unbiased measurement of the dark energy equation of state. This means that information from the large scale shape of the correlation function, in addition to the form of the BAO peak, can be used to provide robust constraints on cosmological parameters. The correlation function therefore provides a better constraint on the distance scale (� 50% smaller errors with no systematic bias) than the more conservative approach required when using the power spectrum (i.e. which requires amplitude and long wavelength shape information to be discarded).
Presence and detection of carbonates on the Martian surface

The messages we receive from Mars about the presence of carbonates are quite contradictory. On the one hand, images of the planet clearly show the signatures of past bodies of standing water, where the accumulation of sedimentary deposits should have occurred. On the other hand, the apparent absence of carbonates in the homogeneous fines covering the Martian surface raises the question: where could carbonates hide now? In this paper we discuss the subject and demonstrate that a proposed destruction mechanism, the photodecomposition caused by UV radiation, cannot account alone for the “missing” carbonates. By means of simulations we show that the difficulties in detecting the carbonates can be ascribed to the low temperatures of the emitting zones, observed up to now. Finally, we derive the minimum amount of such minerals that could possibly be detected in future observations of Mars, and we compare the results of simulations with observed spectra.
Response of the Weddell Sea pack ice to wind forcing

Sea ice drift in the Weddell Sea was studied on the basis of data from seven buoys deployed on ice floes in January–February 1996. Six of the buoys formed an array with initial mutual distances of 50 km, which by October 1996 were stretched to ∼400 km in an east–west direction. The differential kinematical parameters i.e., divergence, shearing rate, and vorticity, were estimated from the buoy array positions by applying a time-dependent method. The large-scale drift of the array was divergent until August 1996, but after the array came under the influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current the deformation was mainly shearing. Meteorological data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses and Special Sensor Microwave Imager derived ice concentrations were interpolated at the buoy sites. The drift velocity was highly wind-dependent; it was also wind-dependent in winter when the momentum balance was mainly between the internal ice stress and the air drag. The drift divergence and shearing rate were related to the wind forcing, while the array vorticity correlated better with the air pressure itself. We estimated the air-ice drag coefficient to be 1.8×10−3 at a height of 10 m over the ice and the geostrophic drag coefficient to be 6.1 × 10−4. The stability effects on the coefficients were mostly felt in conditions of light winds. The average ice-water drag coefficient based on 5 day periods was 2.1×10−3. The ice transport through a transect crossing the Weddell Sea was computed on the basis of the geostrophic winds, observed wind-drift dependence, SSM/I-derived ice concentrations, and the literature on ice draft statistics. The resulting annual mean net export in 1996 was 1600 km3 yr−1.
Outburst Flooding Under Ice Sheets as Turbulently Driven Hydraulic Fracture

The origin of unsteady glacier motions, an area to which Robert M. McMeeking contributed significantly [1,2], is of interest for assessing stability of major ice sheets (Greenland, Antarctica). Meltwater and its pressure p at the bed of glaciers are known to have major influence on flow. Our work [3,4] focuses on outburst under-flooding of an ice sheet, as a means of delivering highly pressurized water to its bed, transiently with p > o (= ice overburden pressure). The process is viewed as a turbulently driven hydraulic fracture along the ice/bed interface. Such can result [5] when the glacier dams a rising lake, or from geothermal heating of a sub-glacial lake. The particular scenario we address is, instead, rapid drainage into the ice of a large surficial meltwater lake, like recently documented in Greenland [6] during mid-summer. This first involves Weertman gravitationally driven hydraulic cracking from the lake to the bed, and then rapid spreading of water along the bed, initially as a high-p sheet flow. We compare modeling to results of the Greenland study [6], for which a 0.043 km 3 lake disappeared into the ice, mostly within 1.5 hr. The lake drainage rate in that case, and the ~3 km length, parallel to the glacier surface, of a crevasse/moulin system along which drainage apparently occurred, suggest that in the rapid early phases of the underflooding the Reynolds number (based on basal fracture opening h and thickness-averaged flow speed U along it) was of order 10 6 . Accordingly, we adopted a Manning-Strickler-Nikuradse description of wall shear stress in the rough turbulent range to relate U(x,t), h(x,t), p(x,t), and the wall roughness scale k, where x is the coordinate in the direction of fracture propagation. We further assumed linear elastic response of ice and bed, and (for the large fracture propagation lengths of interest) negligible KIc . By extending studies like in [7,8] to that rough turbulent flow range, we have thus solved approximately the plane strain version of the hydraulic fracture problem when the basal crack length 2L is modest compared to ice sheet thickness H (i.e., for a crack in an unbounded body, subject to crack face pressure p o ). We outline those results here and will, in the presentation, report some preliminary improvements on them in current work to account for the range L/H of order 1 and larger, often a practically interesting one [4-6], by explicitly accounting for a nearby free surface. That adopts the approach of [9] to numerically relate the h(x,t) and p(x, t ) o distributions. To fully solve the problem for the rate of fracture propagation, and volume storage of meltwater within the fracture, the distributions must also be constrained to satisfy the governing fluid equations (analogously to [10], but for turbulent rather than laminar flow). Those fluid equations, to be solved on – L(t) 0) (hU )