Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ETS‐NOCV Decomposition of the Reaction Force: The HCN/CNH Isomerization Reaction Assisted by Water

The partitioning of the reaction force based on the extended‐transition‐state natural orbital for chemical valence (ETS‐NOCV) scheme has been proposed. This approach, together with the analysis of reaction electronic flux (REF), has been applied in a description of the changes in the electronic structure along the IRC pathway for the HCN/CNH isomerization reaction assisted by water. Two complementary ways of partitioning the system into molecular fragments have been considered (“reactant perspective” and “product perspective”). The results show that the ETS‐NOCV picture is fully consistent with REF and bond‐order changes. In addition, proposed ETS‐NOCV decomposition of the reaction force allows for the quantitative assessment of the influence of the observed bond‐breaking and bond‐formation processes, providing detailed information about the reaction‐driving and reaction‐retarding force components within the assumed partitioning scheme. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust pose normalization for face recognition under varying views

Unconstrained face recognition under varying views is one of the most challenging tasks, since the difference in appearances caused by poses may be even larger than that due to identity. In this paper, we exploit and analyze a novel pose normalization scheme for facial images under varying views via robust 3D shape reconstruction from single, unconstrained photos in the wild. Specifically, to address the problem of ambiguous 2D-to-3D landmark correspondence and imperfect landmark detector, for each input 2D face, the 3D shape is suggested to be learned by iteratively refining the 3D landmarks and the weighting coefficients of each landmark. Experimental results on both LFW and a large-scale self-collected face databases demonstrate that the proposed approach performs better than the existing representative technologies.
Membrane differentiations at sites specialized for cell fusion

Fusion of plasma membranes between Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gametes has been studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy of unfixed cells. The putative site of cell fusion developes during gametic differentiation and is recognized in thin sections of unmated gametes as a plaque of dense material subjacent to a sector of the anterior plasma membrane (Goodenough, U.W., and R.L. Weiss. 1975.J. Cell Biol. 67:623-637). The overlying membrane proves to be readily recognized in replicas of unmated gametes as a circular region roughly 500 nm in diameter which is relatively free of "regular" plasma membrane particles on both the P and E fracture faces. The morphology of this region is different for mating-type plus (mt+) and mt- gametes: the few particles present in the center of the mt+ region are distributed asymmetrically and restricted to the P face, while the few particles present in the center of the mt- region are distributed symmetrically in the E face. Each gamete type can be activated for cell fusion by presenting to it isolated flagella of opposite mt. The activated mt+ gamete generates large expanses of particle-cleared membrane as it forms a long fertilization tubule from the mating structure region. In the activated mt- gamete, the E face of the mating structure region is transformed into a central dome of densely clustered particles surrounded by a particle-cleared zone. When mt+ and mt- gametes are mixed together, flagellar agglutination triggeeeds to fuse with an activated mt- region. The fusion lip is seen to develop within the particle-dense central dome. We conclude that these mt- particles play an active role in membrane fusion.
Carbohydrate Feeding during Exercise

During strenuous exercise (i.e. 70% maximal O2 consumption) there is a progressive shift from muscle glycogen to blood glucose oxidation with increasing duration of exercise. By maintaining blood glucose concentration and the rate of carbohydrate oxidation necessary to exercise strenuously, carbohydrate consumption throughout exercise delays fatigue by 30-60 min in endurance-trained subjects. This requires exogenous glucose supplementation at rates in excess of 1 gram/min (i.e., 16 mg/kg/min) as evidenced by the observation that intravenous glucose infusion at this rate is required to maintain blood glucose at 5 mM. Exogenous glucose must be infused at a rate of 2.6 gram/min (i.e., 37 mg/kg/min), which is similar to the total rate of carbohydrate oxidation, in order to maintain blood glucose at 10 mM after 2 h of exercise. However, carbohydrate supplementation during intense exercise does not spare muscle glycogen utilization in people. This suggests that over the course of 2-4 hours of exercise at 70% VO2max, muscle glycogen and blood glucose contribute equally to total carbohydrate oxidation. Furthermore, during the latter stages of prolonged exercise, exogenous blood glucose supplementation may be capable of supplying almost all of the carbohydrate requirements of exercise at intensities up to 70% VO2max.
Structural position and perceived similarity

Several alternative models of structural similarity, or positions, have been proposed. A wide variety of algorithms currently are employed to detect structural positions in a social network. The present work explores how these models correspond to the perception of interpersonal similarity. At the same time this work helps to explain how social structure may influence perceptions. Social network data were collected over 11 weeks in a class of 18 college students
Peroxisomal Disorders: Genotype, Phenotype, Major Neuropathologic Lesions, and Pathogenesis

Neurological dysfunction is a prominent feature of most peroxisomal disorders. Enormous progress in defining their gene defects has been achieved. The genes and gene products, peroxins (PEX), in five of the complementation groups have been defined. These studies confirm that Zellweger syndrome (ZS), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and infantile Refsum disease (IRD) are a disease continuum. The gene defect in adreno‐leukodystrophy (ALD) / adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) involves an integral peroxisomal membrane protein. Neuropathologic lesions are of three major classes: (i) abnormalities in neuronal migration or differentiation, (ii) defects in the formation or maintenance of central white matter, and (iii) postdevelopmental neuronal degenerations. The central white matter lesions are those of: (i) inflammatory demyelination, (ii) non‐inflammatory dysmyelination, and (iii) nonspecific reductions in myelin volume or staining with or without reactive astrocytosis. The neuronal degenerations are of two major types: (i) the axonopathy of AMN involving ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord, and (ii) cerebellar atrophy in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata and probably IRD. We postulate that the abnormal fatty acids in peroxisomal disorders, particularly very long chain fatty acids and phytanic acid, are incorporated into cell membranes and perturb their microenvironments resulting in dysfunction, atrophy and death of vulnerable cells. The advent of mouse models for ZS and ALD is anticipated to provide even greater pathogenetic insights into the peroxisomal disorders.
Linguistic Modelling of Short-Timescale Electricity ConsumptionUsing Fuzzy Modelling Techniques

This paper presents a mathematical model for short-term (24 hour) electrical energy consumption in Ireland. The model is based on fuzzy logic and the parameters determined by drawing on the extensive intuitive knowledge of operators in the National Control Centre (NCC) in E.S. B. , using a series of questionnaires to determine the shape and location of the fuzzy sets, and the fuzzy rules used to evaluate the model output. The performance of the computer-based fuzzy model is comparable to that obtained by E.S. B. experts.
Analyzing Inconsistency Toward Enhancing Integration of Biological Molecular Databases

The rapid growth of biological databases not only provides biologists with abundant data but also presents a big challenge in relation to the analysis of data. Many data analysis approaches such as data mining, information retrieval and machine learning have been used to extract frequent patterns from diverse biological databases. However, the discrepancies, due to the differences in the structure of databases and their terminologies, result in a significant lack of interoperability. Although ontology-based approaches have been used to integrate biological databases, the inconsistent analysis of biological databases has been greatly disregarded. This paper presents a method by which to measure the degree of inconsistency between biological databases. It not only presents a guideline for correct and efficient database integration, but also exposes high quality data for data mining and knowledge discovery.
Simultaneous bilensectomy and endothelial keratoplasty for angle-supported phakic intraocular lens-induced corneal decompensation

A 40-year-old lady presented with severe endothelial cell loss in both eyes 14 years after angle-supported phakic intraocular lens (AS PIOL) implantation. The left eye had severe corneal edema with bullous keratopathy. The right eye had markedly reduced endothelial cell count (655 cells/mm2) although the cornea was clear. She underwent simultaneous bilensectomy (AS PIOL explantation and phacoemulsification) and Descemet's stripping and endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) in the left eye. Explanted AS PIOL was identified as ZSAL-4 (Morcher, Stuttgart, Germany) model. Corneal edema cleared completely in 2 months with a best corrected visual acuity (-2.25 D sph) of 20/60. No intervention was done in the right eye. The present case illustrates that AS PIOL-induced endothelial decompensation can be effectively managed by simultaneous bilensectomy and endothelial keratoplasty.
KIR and HLA Genotypes Predictive of Low-Affinity Interactions Are Associated with Lower Relapse in Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Killer cell Ig–like receptors (KIRs) bind cognate HLA class I ligands with distinct affinities, affecting NK cell licensing and inhibition. We hypothesized that differences in KIR and HLA class I genotypes predictive of varying degrees of receptor–ligand binding affinities influence clinical outcomes in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using genomic DNA from a homogeneous cohort of 125 AML patients treated with AHCT, we performed KIR and HLA class I genotyping and found that patients with a compound KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Thr+, HLA-Bw4-80Ile– genotype, predictive of low-affinity interactions, had a low incidence of relapse, compared with patients with a KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Ile+ genotype, predictive of high-affinity interactions (hazard ratio [HR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.78; p = 0.02). This effect was influenced by HLA-Bw4 copy number, such that relapse progressively increased with one copy of HLA-Bw4-80Ile (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.84–3.1; p = 0.15) to two to three copies (HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4–6.5; p = 0.005) and progressively decreased with one to two copies of HLA-Bw4-80Thr (p = 0.13). Among KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Ile+ patients, a predicted low-affinity KIR2DL2/3+ and HLA-C1/C1 genotype was associated with lower relapse than a predicted high-affinity KIR2DL1+ and HLA-C2/C2 genotype (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09–0.73; p = 0.01). Similarly, a KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Thr+, HLA-Bw4-80Ile– genotype, or lack of KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Ile+ genotype, rescued KIR2DL1+ and HLA-C2/C2 patients from high relapse (p = 0.007). These findings support a role for NK cell graft-versus-leukemia activity modulated by NK cell receptor–ligand affinities in AHCT for AML.
Ankle stiffness of standing humans in response to imperceptible perturbation: reflex and task‐dependent components.

1. It has been demonstrated that subjects can alter the reflex stiffness of the elbow and wrist in response to imperceptibly slow perturbations applied through a complaint coupling. We used this technique to measure ankle stiffness in standing subjects as a means of examining reflex activity. 2. During unperturbed stance, a linear relationship between ankle torque and ankle angle is expressed as a load stiffness. The load stiffness predicted from a subject's measured physical dimensions corresponds closely with the value measured by standing the subject on a force platform. 3. Slow perturbations were applied at waist level, through a spring, to standing subjects. The perturbations caused sway similar in magnitude and rate to the sway of normal stance. Ankle stiffness was measured during the period when the perturbations were unperceived. The contribution to ankle stiffness of reflexes that use visual information was assessed by eye closure. The ability of reflexes based on sensory information from the legs to maintain upright posture was assessed when subjects balanced a load equivalent to their own body, in a situation where neither visual nor vestibular information could assist. Ankle stiffness was measured while the load was perturbed. 4. The results show that a simple mechanical model of stance predicts the torque‐angle relationship at the ankle. This relationship determines the minimal ankle stiffness required to stand, and reflex muscle stiffness is a necessary component of this ankle stiffness. Visual, vestibular and lower limb sensorimotor reflexes each contribute to ankle stiffness; however, the local sensory reflexes alone are sufficient to stand. For responses to unperceived perturbations, standing subjects can alter their reflex ankle stiffness according to intentional set.
Human forebrain activation by visceral stimuli

Visceral function is essential for survival. Discreet regions of the human brain controlling visceral function have been postulated from animal studies (Cechetto and Saper [1987] J. Comp. Neurol. 262:27–45) and suspected from lethal cardiac arrythmias (Cechetto [1994] Integr. Physiol. Behv. Sci. 29:362–373). However, these visceral sites remain uncharted in the normal human brain. We used 4‐Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify changes in activity in discrete regions of the human brain previously identified in animal studies to be involved in visceral control. Five male subjects underwent heart rate (HR) and/or blood pressure (BP) altering tests: maximal inspiration (MX), Valsalva's maneuver (VM), and isometric handgrip (HG). Increased neuronal activity was observed during MX, VM, and HG, localized in the insular cortex, in the posterior regions of the thalamus, and in the medial prefrontal cortex. To differentiate special visceral (taste) regions from general visceral (HR, BP) regions in these areas, response to gustatory stimulation was also examined; subjects were administered saline (SAL) and sucrose (SUC) solutions as gustatory stimuli. Gustatory stimulation increased activity in the ventral insular cortex at a more inferior level than the cardiopulmonary stimuli. The observed neural activation is the first demonstration of human brain activity in response to visceral stimulation as measured by fMRI. J. Comp. Neurol. 413:572–582, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibodies to the Iron Uptake ABC Transporter Lipoproteins PiaA and PiuA Promote Opsonophagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae

ABSTRACT PiaA and PiuA are the lipoprotein components of the Pia and Piu Streptococcus pneumoniae iron uptake ABC transporters and are required for full virulence in mouse models of infection. Active or passive vaccination with recombinant PiuA and PiaA protects mice against invasive S. pneumoniae disease. In this study we have analyzed the antibody responses and mechanism of protection induced by PiuA and PiaA in more detail. For both proteins, two booster vaccinations induced stronger antibody responses in mice than a single or no booster vaccinations, and 5 μg of protein induced similar levels of antibody responses as 20 μg. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that the antibody response to PiuA and PiaA was predominantly IgG1, with induction of only low levels of IgG2a. Anti-PiaA and anti-PiuA polyclonal rabbit antibodies bound to the surface of live S. pneumoniae when assessed by flow cytometry but did not inhibit growth of S. pneumoniae in cation-depleted medium or bacterial susceptibility to the iron-dependent antibiotic streptonigrin. However, anti-PiaA and anti-PiuA did increase complement-independent and -dependent opsonophagocytosis of different serotypes of S. pneumoniae by the human neutrophil cell line HL60. Hence, vaccination with PiaA and PiuA protects against S. pneumoniae infection by inducing antibodies that promote bacterial opsonophagocytosis rather than inhibiting iron transport.
Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Reduction of Burnout among Employees of Greater Tehran Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs

The purpose of this study is relationship Analysis between Transformative Leadership and Low yields between Martyr Foundation Staff And Veterans Great Tehran . the research method in this study is type of application and its method type is descriptive. statistical population in this study have formed All persons that work in offices total office martyr foundation and veterans great Tehran in 2013 that were 917 person. The questionnaire was distributed and was used of kolmograf test and was determined that data distribution is normal. in this study was used of Descriptive Statistics for Organizing, Summarize, scores Raw Classification and Data's description. Koronbakh alpha Coefficient Was used for Questionnaires Internal Stability Estimate , kolmograph test and pierson Solidarity Coefficient. Significant level in this study is 0.05. As a result of this investigation: 1. There was a significant reverse correlation between Transformative Leadership and decreasing returns.2. There was a significant reverse correlation between Transformative Leadership and Emotional Exhaustion.3. There was a significant reverse correlation between Transformative Leadership and decrease Efficiency Personal Performance.4. There was a significant reverse correlation between transformative Leadership and character Metamorphosis. All listed analysis done using the spss Software.
Introducing Probability in RFID Reader-to-Reader Anti-collision

Nowadays, several kinds of applications based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) employ a large number of tags and readers, involving collision problems. A relevant group of reader-to-reader anti-collision protocols are based on time division. Normally these protocols do not require special readers or additional entities; their main challenge is the collision resolution, since after a collision, readers have to choose a new time slot trying to avoid new collisions.It is observed that after a collision, its slot is often unoccupied, therefore this paper proposes to introduce the slot change probability as an additional parameter, in order to reduce the number of readers that change slot and the number of colliding transmissions. A new version of Distributed Color Selection (DCS) is presented, analyzed and compared with well-known protocols based on time division. The simulation analysis shows that the average time required to transmit may be reduced by over 10%.
Parallel Neural Network Features for Improved Tandem Acoustic Modeling

The combination of acoustic models or features is a standard approach to exploit various knowledge sources. This paper investigates the concatenation of different bottleneck (BN) neural network (NN) outputs for tandem acoustic modeling. Thus, combination of NN features is performed via Gaussian mixture models (GMM). Complementarity between the NN feature representations is attained by using various network topologies: LSTM recurrent, feed-forward, and hierarchical, as well as different non-linearities: hyperbolic tangent, sigmoid, and rectified linear units. Speech recognition experiments are carried out on various tasks: telephone conversations, Skype calls, as well as broadcast news and conversations. Results indicate that LSTM based tandem approach is still competitive, and such tandem model can challenge comparable hybrid systems. The traditional steps of tandem modeling, speaker adaptive and sequence discriminative GMM training, improve the tandem results further. Furthermore, these “old-fashioned” steps remain applicable after the concatenation of multiple neural network feature streams. Exploiting the parallel processing of input feature streams, it is shown that 2-5% relative improvement could be achieved over the single best BN feature set. Finally, we also report results after neural network based language model rescoring and examine the system combination possibilities using such complex tandem models.
Biomass fuel use for cooking in Sri Lanka: analysis of data from national demographic health surveys.

BACKGROUND Biomass cooking fuel is the main source of indoor air pollution in the majority of households in the developing world. Sri Lanka is an island of about 20 million population with urban, rural, and estate population of 14.6%, 80.0%, and 5.4%, respectively. This study describes biomass fuel use for cooking in Sri Lanka. METHODS We analyzed data from two national Demographic Health Surveys (2000 and 2007) to identify the use and determinants of cooking fuels in Sri Lankan households. The results are based on a sample of 8,169 households in 2000 and 19,862 households in 2007. RESULTS Wood was the principal cooking fuel used in 78.3% and 78.5% of households in 2000 and 2007, respectively. In 2007, 96.3% of estate sector households used firewood as compared to 84.2% in the rural and 34.6% in the urban sectors. Similar trends were noted in 2000 as well. CONCLUSIONS The shift from firewood to cleaner fuels in Sri Lanka is negligible from 2000 to 2007. Improving the quality of life of the population does not necessarily predict a shift towards the use of cleaner cooking fuels in Sri Lanka.
Sensorimotor grounding and reused cognitive domains

Abstract Anderson suggests that theories of sensorimotor grounding are too narrow to account for his findings of widespread “reuse” supporting multiple different cognitive “task domains. ” I call some of the methodological assumptions underlying this conclusion into question, and suggest that his examples reaffirm rather than undermine the special status of sensorimotor processes in cognitive evolution.
Hardware-Assisted View-Dependent Planar Map Simplification

In this paper, we present an algorithm and a system to perform dynamic view dependent simplification of large geographical maps through a novel use of graphics hardware. Given a map as a collection of non-intersecting chains and a tolerance parameter for each chain, we produce a simplified map that resembles the original map, satisfying the condition that the distance between each point on the simplified chain and the original chain is within the given tolerance parameter, and that no two chains intersect. We also present an interactive map visualization system which uses frame-to-frame coherence to perform dynamic view-dependent simplification. Our initial results indicate that we get a 3-4 fold increase in the frame rates using our simplification algorithm on maps with 1.5-2 million vertices on an SGI Onyx workstation.
Practical implications and requirements of diversifying interpreted languages

Instruction set randomization (ISR) provides a strong defense against all types of injection attacks, especially in interpreted environments. However, fully enabling a system to benefit from language interpreters that support programs diversified with ISR requires several alterations and considerations. In this paper we identify core challenges related to enabling system-wide interpreter diversification. We also propose possible solutions to each challenge and expand upon the existing diversification schemes for interpreted languages.