Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Knowledge, Attitudes, and Associated Factors Regarding First Aid Among the General Public in Saudi Arabia

Background: Accidents may occur at any time and in any location. Unintentional accidents may have life-threatening consequences. Anyone with basic first aid knowledge can assess the situation and intervene to provide proper care. This research aims to assess public knowledge and attitudes toward first aid and its related aspects in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between April and May 2023 to investigate first aid knowledge, attitude, and associated factors among the general public of Saudi Arabia. This study's population consisted of Saudi Arabians aged at least 18 who are part of the general community. This research adapted and used a previously developed questionnaire to evaluate the general public's knowledge, attitudes, and other characteristics about first aid in Saudi Arabia. A binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the variables that influence their knowledge and attitude. Results: A total of 1135 participants were involved in this study. Almost one-third of the study participants (36.0%) reported that they had received training in first aid. The vast majority of the study participants (94.5%) reported that they had heard of first aid before. The media was the most commonly reported source of information on first aid (37.6%). Choking (63.2%), breathing difficulty (61.7%), and fainting (56.7%) were the most commonly reported indications (injuries or accidents) that need first aid. The mean knowledge score for the study participants was 4.4 (SD: 2.8) out of 8 (55.0%), which represents a moderate level of knowledge of first aid. The mean attitude score for the study participants was 22.5 (SD: 2.7) out of 28 (80.4%), which reflects a positive attitude toward first aid. Binary logistic regression analysis identified that women, those who have a higher education level, medical students, those with a high monthly income (7500 Saudi Arabian rials (SAR) and above), and those who work in the healthcare sector were more likely to be knowledgeable about first aid (p<0.05). Participants aged 31 to 40 years and university students were more likely to have a positive attitude toward first aid (p<0.05). Conclusion: This research highlights the need to educate the public about first aid and emergency treatment. Even though one-third of participants have received first aid training, ongoing training is necessary. First aid information, especially on social media, is often unreliable. Choking, difficulty breathing, and syncope are typical first aid conditions, and awareness of dealing with choking is needed. Gender, socioeconomic status, and education influenced first aid knowledge and attitudes. Women, medical students, and healthcare workers knew more about first aid. Most participants supported first aid provision. This research strongly suggests improving awareness, providing inexpensive first-aid training, and targeting specific populations to improve first-aid knowledge and attitudes.
Temporal DNS of short-wave instabilities in vortex pairs with axial flow.

In this study, the temporal evolution of the short-wavelength elliptic instability is analysed by direct numerical simulations for configurations with or without axial flow. The three-dimensional linear temporal stability properties of a flow composed of two co-rotating Batchelor vortices are first considered. As for the corresponding counter-rotating case, when the axial flow parameter is increased, different instability modes are observed and identified as a combination of resonant Kelvin modes of azimuthal wavenumbers m and m + 2 within each vortex. In particular, we show that the sinuous mode, which is the dominant instability mode without axial flow, is stabilized in the presence of a moderate axial flow. The effects of Reynolds number and vortex separation distance on the growth rate parameter map are also considered. The nonlinear dynamics of the elliptic instability in the configurations without axial flow of a single strained vortex and of a system of two counter-rotating vortices is then analyzed. We show that although a weakly nonlinear regime associated with a limit cycle is possible, the nonlinear evolution far from the instability threshold is in general much more catastrophic for the vortex. In both configurations, we put forward some evidence of a universal nonlinear transition involving shear layer formation and vortex loops ejection leading to a strong alteration and attenuation of the vortex. Finally, the effect of axial flow on the nonlinear evolution of the elliptic instability is considered. We show that axial flow tends to weaken the nonlinear dynamics of the elliptic instability. For co-rotating vortex pairs, the impact of the elliptic instability on merging is analyzed. With or without axial flow, we demonstrate that elliptic instability always favors merging and makes the resulting vortex weaker and larger. Moreover, we show that for large separation distances, the effect of the elliptic instability without axial flow on merging is stronger.
Electrical Characteristics of Single Layer Graphene Ribbons in a Wide Temperature Range

This paper provides electrical characterization of single layer graphene ribbon devices defined as back-gated graphene transistors. The two-terminal back-gated graphene ribbon devices were fabricated on a conventional Si substrate covered by a 90 nm-thick thermal SiO2. The chemical vapor deposition process was used for the graphene layer deposition and its quality was checked with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. For the device fabrication, optical lithography was used for electrode patterns through a mask, and Ti/Au (10 nm/100 nm) metallic contacts were deposited by thermal evaporation. We report low and high field electrical measurements of several devices, under a controlled environment over a wide temperature range, from 77 to 300 K. At 77 K, the drain current decreases, i.e. the resistance of the graphene increases, and the nonlinearity is still present. The maximum influence of the temperature is reached at the charges neutrality point, and we observe that the temperature could influence the position of the charge neutrality point. This indicates that the carriers are thermally activated, which yields a least pronounced current with the increase of the back gate voltage.
Review of digital holography reconstruction methods

Development of digital holography opened new ways of both transparent and opaque objects non-destructive study. In this paper, a digital hologram reconstruction process is investigated. The advantages and limitations of common wave propagation methods are discussed. The details of a software implementation of a digital hologram reconstruction methods are presented. Finally, the performance of each wave propagation method is evaluated, and recommendations about possible use cases for each of them are given.
Sorption Capacity of Polydimethylsiloxane Foams Filled with Thermal-Treated Bentonite—Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Foams for Oil Spill Remediation

The spillage of oil causes severe and long-lasting impacts on both the environment and human life. It is crucial to carefully reconsider the methods and techniques currently employed to recover spilled oil in order to prevent any possible secondary pollution and save time. Therefore, the techniques used to recover spilled oil should be readily available, highly responsive, cost-effective, environmentally safe, and, last but not least, they should have a high sorption capacity. The use of sorbents obtained from natural materials is considered a suitable approach for dealing with oil spills because of their exceptional physical characteristics that support sustainable environmental protection strategies. This article presents a novel sorbent material, which is a composite siloxane foam filled with bentonite clay, aimed at enhancing the hydrophobic and oleophilic behavior of the material. The thermal treatment of bentonite optimizes its sorption capacity by eliminating water, and increasing the surface area, and, consequently, its interaction with oils. In particular, the maximum sorption capacity is observed in kerosene and naphtha for the bentonite clay thermally treated at 600 °C, showing an uptake at saturation of 496.8% and 520.1%, respectively. Additionally, the reusability of the composite foam is evaluated by squeezing it after reaching its saturation point to determine its sorption capacity and reusability.
ACE-2 receptor-associated COVID-19 lesions and sequelae

La infección por el nuevo SARS-CoV 2 se ha convertido en el mayor problema de salud pública mundial desde la aparición de la enfermedad en 2019 en China; A partir de ese momento, la comunidad médica y científica se ha enfocado en describir los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la infección para ofrecer mejores alternativas de tratamiento a los pacientes y hacer pronósticos de la infección, sin embargo, se deben considerar las regiones anatómicas donde infecta el virus. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los sitios de colonización del virus, los mecanismos subyacentes de lesión en órganos y sistemas, y las consecuencias provocadas por la infección. Para esta investigación se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura más reciente sobre el COVID-19 y su asociación con el receptor ACE-2.
Radical-Driven Methane Formation in Humans Evidenced by Exogenous Isotope-Labeled DMSO and Methionine

Methane (CH4), which is produced endogenously in animals and plants, was recently suggested to play a role in cellular physiology, potentially influencing the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in nitrosative and oxidative stress responses. In addition, it was proposed that the supplementation of CH4 to organisms may be beneficial for the treatment of several diseases, including ischemia, reperfusion injury, and inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether and how CH4 is produced in mammalian cells without the help of microorganisms, and how CH4 might be involved in physiological processes in humans. In this study, we produced the first evidence of the principle that CH4 is formed non-microbially in the human body by applying isotopically labeled methylated sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methionine, as carbon precursors to confirm cellular CH4 formation. A volunteer applied isotopically labeled (2H and 13C) DMSO on the skin, orally, and to blood samples. The monitoring of stable isotope values of CH4 convincingly showed the conversion of the methyl groups, as isotopically labeled CH4 was formed during all experiments. Based on these results, we considered several hypotheses about endogenously formed CH4 in humans, including physiological aspects and stress responses involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). While further and broader validation studies are needed, the results may unambiguously serve as a proof of concept for the endogenous formation of CH4 in humans via a radical-driven process. Furthermore, these results might encourage follow-up studies to decipher the potential physiological role of CH4 and its bioactivity in humans in more detail. Of particular importance is the potential to monitor CH4 as an oxidative stress biomarker if the observed large variability of CH4 in breath air is an indicator of physiological stress responses and immune reactions. Finally, the potential role of DMSO as a radical scavenger to counteract oxidative stress caused by ROS might be considered in the health sciences. DMSO has already been investigated for many years, but its potential positive role in medical use remains highly uncertain.
High-power broadband 30-GHz FEM amplifier operated in the grazing incident regime

A high-power broadband free electron maser (FEM) amplifier has been realized in collaboration between JINR (Dubna) and IAP RAS (Nizhny Novgorod) based on the linac LIU-3000 (0.8 MeV/200 A/250 ns). To achieve a wide frequency amplification band, the regime characterized by grazing of the dispersion curves of the beam electrons to the operating wave (the so-called grazing regime) was studied in the FEM. According to the simulations, such an operating regime allows an instant amplification band of up to 5%–7% with output power at the level ∼20 MW and a gain of about 30–35 dB to be obtained in the Ka band. The proof-of-principle experiments examined this scheme in the 30-GHz frequency range and confirmed the simulations. As a result, the predicted power level with design parameters has been achieved, and fast frequency tuning within the feeding magnetron band ±0.5 GHz has been demonstrated.
Positive Allosteric Modulator of SERCA Pump NDC-1173 Exerts Beneficial Effects in Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. AD does not have a cure and most drug development efforts in the AD field have been focused on targeting the amyloid pathway based on the “amyloid cascade hypothesis”. However, in addition to the amyloid pathway, substantial evidence also points to dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been proposed that pharmacological agents that stabilize neuronal Ca2+ signaling may act as disease-modifying agents in AD. In previous studies, we demonstrated that positive allosteric regulators (PAMs) of the Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump might act as such Ca2+ stabilizing agents. In the present study, we report the development of a novel SERCA PAM agent, compound NDC-1173. To test the effectiveness of this compound, we performed behavioral studies with the APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model. We also evaluated effects of this compound on expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the SERCA pump is a potential novel therapeutic drug target and that NDC-1173 is a promising lead molecule for developing disease-modifying agents in AD.
A semismooth Newton method with analytical path-following for the $H^1$-projection onto the Gibbs simplex

An efficient, function-space-based second-order method for the $H^1$-projection onto the Gibbs simplex is presented. The method makes use of the theory of semismooth Newton methods in function spaces as well as Moreau–Yosida regularization and techniques from parametric optimization. A path-following technique is considered for the regularization parameter updates. A rigorous first- and second-order sensitivity analysis of the value function for the regularized problem is provided to justify the update scheme. The viability of the algorithm is then demonstrated for two applications found in the literature: binary image inpainting and labeled data classification. In both cases, the algorithm exhibits mesh-independent behavior.
Other hyaluronic acid fillers and combination fillers

The use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers has become increasingly popular in the cosmetic industry due to their efficacy and versatility. Common types of HA fillers include Restylane, Juvéderm, and Bolotero. Other various options available for HA fillers include the resilient HA fillers (RHA) collection, Revanesse versa, and Prevelle silk. The fillers can be used singularly or in combination to achieve a desired cosmetic outcome. The RHA collection line is the first FDA approved filler used to treat dynamic facial lines using a less rigid formula than earlier HA fillers and by uniquely adapting to facial movement, stretching, and repeated facial compression. Revanesse versa filler is designed to effectively address moderate to severe facial wrinkles, including nasolabial folds, with a focus on providing lasting results even after the HA filler has been absorbed. Other HA fillers such as Prevelle silk, Hydrelle, and Puragen contain 0.3% lidocaine for more tolerable treatment for moderate to severe facial lines. Examples of combination fillers include HA/botulinum toxin, HA/calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), and HA/poly‐ l‐lactic acid. To facilitate the administration of injections, HA fillers can also be mixed with agents such as lidocaine, lidocaine and epinephrine, normal saline, and sterile water to decrease viscosity. Furthermore, the use of CaHA in conjunction with microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V) has shown to enhance skin tightness and neocollagenesis. Other applications of HA include utilization of its bacteriostatic effects to coat biomedical devices, as a material for bioink and tissue‐engineering, and to create novel formulations to further personalize cosmetic goals.
Local Wisdom Recognition in Inter-Ethnic Religious Conflict Resolution in Indonesia from Islah Perspective

Indonesia is a culturally diverse country that consists of at least 1.340 tribes and ethnicities, which can potentially lead to the emergence of conflicts. This study aimed to identify the causes of conflict in society, patterns of local wisdom in conflict resolution, and patterns of conflict resolution in Surabaya and Bali from the perspective of islah. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document studies. Data analysis was carried out in several stages, including data reduction, data display, and verification. The result of this research showed that economic disparities, a lack of understanding of religion, and unfair treatment were the root of inter-ethnic conflict in the two regions. Local wisdom was used by communities to resolve conflicts in their area, including using a religious approach of praying together, listening to preaching or lecture about moderate Islam, consulting traditional, religious, and government leaders, and applying a state approach of administrative data collection or KIPEM administration. In addition, the local community also used interfaith dialogue with former terrorists, Jancuk Terrorist campaign by Bonek, and Tat Twam Asi to resolve conflict. Those conflict resolutions exemplified the procedures and methods of islah in Islamic law which aimed at resolving inter-ethnic disputes that arose in these two regions.
Numerical analysis of cavitation about marine propellers using a compressible multiphase VOF fractional step method

In this study, the morphology of cavitation about two marine propellers (four bladed and two bladed) is investigated numerically. A compressible, multiphase Volume of Fluid method integrated with an advanced energy equation is employed to reveal the flow physics around the propeller. Low numerical dissipation is achieved with the use of a Kurganov-Tadmor central flux scheme and a compressible fraction step method for the pressure velocity coupling. The mass transfer source terms in the continuity, momentum and energy equations are modelled with the Schnerr and Sauer cavitation model which is modified to ensure the boundedness of volume fraction in each computational unit. Following this, a Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings formulation 1A model is utilised to approximate the acoustic pressure fluctuation caused by the formation and collapse of vortex cavity at the blade tip of the two bladed propeller. Qualitative comparison of the simulations and experimental visualisations demonstrates the good ability of the developed code to model propeller cavitation. Further investigations are needed to fully validate the acoustic model.
Realtime Detection of PMU Bad Data and Sequential Bad Data Classifications in Cyber-Physical Testbed

Modern Smart Grids incorporate physical power grids and cyber systems, creating a cyber-physical system. phasor measurement units (PMUs) transmit time synchronized measurement data from physical grid to the cyber system. The System Operator (SO) in the cyber layer analyzes the data in both online and offline format and ensures the reliability and security of the grid by sending necessary command back to the PMUs. However, various physical events such as line to ground faults, frequency events, transformer events as well as cyberattacks can cause deviation in measurements received by the SO, which can be termed as “bad data”. These bad data in turn can cause the SO to take a wrong restorative/ mitigating strategy. Therefore accurate detection of bad data and identification of correct bad data type is necessary to ensure grid’s safety and optimal performance. In this work we proposed a realtime sequential bad data detection and bad data classification strategy. At first, we have exploited the low rank property of Hankel-matrix to detect the occurrence of bad data in realtime. Secondly, we classify the bad data into two categories: physical events and cyberattacks. The algorithm utilizes the difference in low rank approximation error of multi-channel Hankel-matrix before and after random column permutations during physical events. If the cause of bad data is identified as cyberattack, our proposed algorithm proceeds to identify the cause of cyberattack. We have considered two possible cyberattack types: false data injection attack (FDIA) and GPS-spoofing attack (GSA). The proposed algorithm observes rank-1 approximation error of single-channel Hankel matrix containing unwrapped phase angle data to distinguish FDIA from GSA. Finally, the proposed algorithm is implemented in a realtime cyber-physical testbed containing PMU simulator and openECA. Results from the testbed using IEEE 13 node test feeder show that by choosing optimum parameters of Hankel-matrix, the bad data can be detected as well as the type of bad data can be correctly identified within less than 1 sec. of the occurrence of physical event or cyberattack. The bad data detection shows 100% accuracy for Hankel-matrix data-window greater than 140. Bad data can be classified as either cyberattack or physical event with perfect accuracy for data-window length greater than 73 for the threshold 0.1. A data-window length between 80 to 120 can distinguish GSA from FDIA, while GSA is implemented with varying phase angle shift of $0.1^{o}$ to $0.5^{o}$ . The realtime sequential model is also verified with IEEE 118 bus system simulated with SIEMENS PSS/E. Due to more complicated grid structure, IEEE 118 system requires more computational time to identify the bad data type, however that is still less than 2 sec, and can perform detection and classification with data-window length as small as 40.
Feeling the Beat: Temporal Predictability is Associated with Ongoing Changes in Music-Induced Pleasantness

Music is a complex phenomenon that elicits a range of emotional responses, influenced by numerous variables, such as rhythm, melody and harmony. One interesting aspect of music is listeners’ ability to predict its continuation as it unfolds – an inherent attribute hypothesized to contribute to our emotional response to music. In this study, we investigated this link by examining the relationship between temporal predictability – the ability to predict the timing of the next event – and the ongoing changes in music-induced pleasantness. Temporal predictability was operationalized as the degree to which taps of 20 musically trained participants, who tapped to the beat along three naturalistic and highly contrastive musical pieces, were aligned. We then examined the degree to which this measure could explain the ongoing emotional experience, as reflected in continuous measures of arousal and valence, in a separate group of 40 participants that listened to these pieces. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between fluctuations in reported valence and temporal predictability, even when controlling for a set of other musical features, in four out of five musical sections. The only exception being a lyrical slow section. These findings were further supported by a large online database of annotated musical emotions (n = 1780 songs), where a consistent and robust correlation between valence ratings and an automatically extracted feature of pulse clarity was demonstrated. Overall, our findings shed light on the significance of temporal predictability as a contributing factor to the hedonic experience of music, especially within the tempo range of salient beat perception.