Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcranial brain stimulation: Past and future

This article provides a brief summary of the history of transcranial methods for stimulating the human brain in conscious volunteers and reviews the methodology and physiology of transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. The former stimulates neural axons and generates action potentials and synaptic activity, whereas the latter polarises the membrane potential of neurones and changes their sensitivity to ongoing synaptic inputs. When coupled with brain imaging methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging or electroencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation can be used to chart connectivity within the brain. In addition, because it induces artificial patterns of activity that interfere with ongoing information processing within a cortical area, it is frequently used in cognitive psychology to produce a short-lasting ‘virtual lesion’. Both transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation can produce short-lasting changes in synaptic excitability and associated changes in behaviour that are presently the source of much research for their therapeutic potential.
TUMORIGENESIS AND NEOPLASTIC PROGRESSION In Vivo Expression of miR-32 Induces Proliferation in Prostate Epithelium

miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression and are often deregulated in cancer. We have previously shown that miR-32 is an androgen receptor e regulated miRNA overexpressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer and that miR-32 can improve prostate cancer cell growth in vitro . To assess the effects of miR-32 in vivo , we developed transgenic mice overexpressing miR-32 in the prostate. The study indicated that transgenic miR-32 expression increases replicative activity in the prostate epithelium. We further observed an aging-associated increase in the incidence of goblet cell metaplasia in the prostate epithelium. Furthermore, aged miR-32 transgenic mice exhibited metaplasia-associated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia at a low frequency. When crossbred with mice lacking the other allele of tumor-suppressor Pten ( miR-32xPten þ / (cid:2) mice), miR-32 expression increased both the incidence and the replicative activity of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions in the dorsal prostate. The miR-32xPten þ / (cid:2) mice also demonstrated increased goblet cell metaplasia compared with Pten þ / (cid:2) mice. By performing a microarray analysis of mouse prostate tissue to screen downstream targets and effectors of miR-32, we identi ﬁ ed RAC2 as a potential, and clinically relevant, target of miR-32. We also demonstrate down-regulation of several interesting, potentially prostate cancer e relevant genes ( Spink1 , Spink5 , and Casp1 ) by miR-32 in the prostate tissue. The results demonstrate that miR-32 increases proliferation and promotes metaplastic transformation in mouse prostate epithelium, which may promote neoplastic alterations in the prostate. (Am J Pathol 2017, 187: 2546 e 2557; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.07.012)
LncRNA and Protein Expression Profiles Reveal Heart Adaptation to High-Altitude Hypoxia in Tibetan Sheep

The Tibetan sheep has an intricate mechanism of adaptation to low oxygen levels, which is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The heart plays a crucial role in the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to hypoxia. In the present study, we utilized transcriptomic and proteomic technologies to comprehensively analyze and identify the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), genes, proteins, pathways, and gene ontology (GO) terms associated with hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan sheep at three different altitudes (2500 m, 3500 m, and 4500 m). By integrating the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA target genes, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we were able to identify and characterize the mechanisms underlying hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan sheep. Through this integration, we identified 41 shared genes/proteins, and functional enrichment analyses revealed their close association with lipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, significant enrichment was observed in important pathways such as the PPAR signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the oxoacid metabolic process, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the co-expression network of lncRNAs and mRNAs demonstrated that lncRNAs (MSTRG.4748.1, ENSOART00020025894, and ENSOART00020036371) may play a pivotal role in the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to the hypoxic conditions of the plateau. In conclusion, this study expands the existing database of lncRNAs and proteins in Tibetan sheep, and these findings may serve as a reference for the prevention of altitude sickness in humans.
Is There a Deficit in Product and Process of Handwriting in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research

Handwriting abnormalities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have sometimes been reported both (i) at the product level (i.e., quality/legibility of the written trace and speed of writing) and (ii) at the process level (i.e., dynamic and kinematic features, such as on-paper and in-air durations, pen pressure and velocity peaks, etc.). Conversely, other works have failed to reveal any differences between ADHD and typically developing children. The question of the presence and nature of handwriting deficits in ADHD remains open and merits an in-depth examination. The aim of this systematic review was, therefore, to identify studies that have investigated the product and/or process of handwriting in children with ADHD compared to typically developing individuals. This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A literature search was carried out using three electronic databases. The methodological quality of the studies was systematically assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) criteria. Twenty-one articles were identified. Of these, 17 described handwriting quality/legibility, 12 focused on speed and 14 analyzed the handwriting process. All the studies (100%) with satisfactory methodology procedures reported an impaired product (for quality/legibility) and 91.7% reported abnormalities in process, while only 25% evidenced a difference in the speed of production. Most importantly, the studies differed widely in their methodological approaches. Substantial gaps remain, particularly with regard to ascertaining comorbidities, ADHD subtypes and the medical status of the included children. The lack of overall homogeneity in the samples calls for higher quality studies. We conclude with recommendations for further studies.
Numerical tools for interpreting rock surface roughness

Visual recognition of the irregular shapes of natural objects and surfaces is crucial to the study of geology. Field geologists are aided by a learned ability to, at a glance, differentiate cohesive outcropping rock from talus, pick out fossils from loose clasts on the ground, judge fault displacement and perform any number of other discriminative tasks on the basis of morphology. Interpretation of geology depends upon identifying subtle and ambiguous natural forms that may be widely variable in response to diverse conditions of formation, preservation and weathering. Applying numerical models to these morphological cues empowers geologists to support or refute hypotheses with enhanced objectivity. With the growing prevalence and quality of remotely sensed spatial data in the geosciences, accurate modeling of diagnostic aspects of Earth surface morphology becomes more feasible while its potential benefits increase greatly. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in particular is valued for collecting dense point clouds which enable precise, non-contact measurement of structures in outcrop. Unfortunately, the process of interpreting irregular shapes and textures in point-cloud data is labor intensive and its results subject to user bias. Automated point-cloud classification tools promise improved objectivity in scene interpretation, though their application to natural surface geometry has not yet been studied in depth. The objective of this research is to investigate, apply and refine automated point-cloud classification methodology for geological targets, with discriminating the erosive styles of sedimentary rocks in outcrop as the central theme. To accomplish this goal, three studies investigate range measurement biases in TLS data collection, the scale dependence of rock surface roughness, and 3D multiscale classification methodology. The findings of this research have implications in particular for studies using TLS to measure statistics of target morphology close to the instrument resolution limits. The multiscale classification methodology investigated is immediately applicable to a range of identification and discrimination tasks encountered in the geosciences. Overall, this research will contribute to increased productivity and objectivity of interpretations for the growing population of geoscientists working with remotely sensed spatial data through improved automation of a wider range of interpretive tasks.
Service Quality-Based Public Trust at City Resort Police in Indonesia

Public trust based on service quality in organizations assumes that high public trust influences people to follow government policies, respect the law, and strengthen democracy and social stability. Conversely, low public trust can influence people to reject government policies, doubt the integrity of government institutions, and weaken democracy and social stability. The results of this research article explain public trust based on the quality of service in the police institution. Data, information, and knowledge regarding the locus of the Makassar City Resort Police (Polrestabes) were obtained through observation, interviews, and focus group discussions. The data were analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The results of the study found that the quality of digital-based public services implemented in the institutions studied was able to change the image of the people served. A positive image of the community is built from the provision of physical evidence (tangibles) that meets expectations, empathy that underlies the desire to serve (responsiveness), and attention and ethics of moral behavior (assurance) in providing services to build trust (reliability) and positive appreciation as a form of external responsibility (accountability) from institutions to service recipients. The dimensions of the quality of public services are actualized in several main aspects as the basis of public trust in the Indonesian City Police Resort (Kapolrestabes) with high levels of achievement, namely in the dimensions of responsiveness, professionalism, transparency, community involvement, as well as security and justice. The performance of these institutions has an impact on increasing public trust in the Indonesian National Police (Polri), both individually and institutionally. Keywords: public trust, service quality, digitalization, institutional, individual
Immature functional development of lumbar locomotor networks in adult Irf8−/− mice

To date, research on the role of the brainstem and spinal cord in motor behavior has relied on in vitro preparations of the neonatal rodent spinal cord, with or without the brainstem; their spatial and temporal scope are subject to technical limitations imposed by low oxygen tension in deep tissues. Therefore, we created an arterially perfused in situ preparation that allowed us to investigate functional interactions in the CNS from the neonatal to adult period. Decerebrated rodents were kept alive via total artificial cardiopulmonary bypass for extracorporeal circulation; the plasma oxygen and ion components needed for survival were supplied through the blood vessels. Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a transcription factor that promotes myeloid cell development and stimulates innate immune responses. In the brain, IRF8 is expressed only in microglia and directs the expression of many genes that serve microglial functions. Recent evidence indicates that IRF8 affects behavior and modulates Alzheimer’s disease progression in a mouse model. However, whether this immune deficiency arising from the absence of IRF8 influences the development of the neuronal network in the spinal cord is unknown. We applied the above methodology to mice of all ages and electrophysiologically explored whether the absence of IRF8 influences the development of lumbar central pattern generator (CPG) networks. In mice of all ages, bilateral neuronal discharges by the normal CPG networks activated by the modulated sympathetic tone via descending pathways at high flow rates became organized into discharge episodes punctuated by periods of quiescence. Similar discharge episodes were generated by the adult CPG networks (≥P14 days) activated by drug application. However, discharge episodes elicited by activating the neonatal-juvenile CPG networks (<P14 days) occurred alternately on the left and right sides. Interestingly, discharge episodes elicited by the CPG networks in adult IRF8 knockout mice (P11–12 weeks) consisted of those elicited by the CPG networks of both periods. Thus, it was suggested that growing up with immunodeficiency due to loss of IRF8 might interfere with the normal development of functions exerted by the lumbar CPG network because IRF8 plays a role in the normal development of the lumbar CPG network.
Structural Color Modulation by Controllable Fabricating of Two-Dimensional Metal Nanoarrays

The structural coloration of two-dimensional photonic crystals has always been a hot topic in recent research. However, how to control the arrangement of nano particles in two-dimensional periodic structure so as to produce specific hue of structural colors with stable physical properties, have become key research content. In order to overcome this drawback, a method of utilizing plasma etching treatment to create structural color modulation on two-dimensional colloidal crystal surfaces by changing the etching power has been proposed. Colors as orange red, yellow, green and blue are obtained with different plasma etching power on planar hexagonal packed structure. The effects of plasma etching power and sizes of PS particles on the optical properties are studied. As a result, the color of samples distributed counterclockwise around white point with increasing the plasma etching power on the a* - b* plane, and changed from orange to blue. Moreover, the diffraction spectrum is also experimentally investigated, and exceed the sRGB gamut boundary. This research can be used in the applications of green printing, anti-counterfeiting and other related fields with low cost.
Maturity of Employment Data Interoperability in supporting One Employment Data at the Ministry and Regional Government Level

This research aims to determine the level of readiness or maturity of Employment Data Interoperability in supporting One Employment Data at the Ministry and Regional Government Level. Analyzing the maturity level of E-government interoperability across organizations in the Central Government and Regional Government in the Management of One Employment Data, namely: Preparedness, Understanding, Command Style and Ethos. This type of research is a type of mix method between critical discourse analysis. The research results show that the Preparedness indicator with a percentage of NVivo 12 Plus analysis results is 20.00% with the implementation of strengthening the implementation of one employment data policy by coordinating between central and regional employment agencies which aims to unify perceptions between the Ministry of Manpower and the Department in charge of employment regarding data standards, metadata, and employment data reference codes. Understanding with a percentage of 27.00% is well implemented and can provide implementation references and guidelines for central and regional agencies in order to realize the availability of quality, easily accessible and shared Employment Data between central and regional agencies. Command style (24.00%) is committed to building coordination and consolidation in order to achieve data interoperability. Ethos (27.00%) by carrying out the revitalization of One Employment Data's network and data security devices and hashtags in the data interoperability process which indicates that information related to work, training and the labor market can be better integrated for analysis and decision making purposes which is more effective.
A CASE STUDY ON NANJING: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT BASED ON ECO-EFFICIENCY IN VICE-PROVINCIAL CITIES

Resources and Environment are two basic components for sustainable development of economy and society,which are limiting the urban development largely.This paper uses REPI(resource and Environmental performance index) to evaluate their resource and environmental performance in 15 vice-provincial cities,and shows an average REPI 67.26,far below the nation's average.Their REPI is closely connected to their urban development,with coastal cities higher than inland cities.Nanjing locates at the bottom in the selected 15 cities,falling in recent five years,smaller in resource performance but bigger in environmental performance.This paper presents approaches to decreasing REPI for Nanjing.
On Thermal and Electrodynamic Aspects of the Superconductive Transition Process

In a classic paper of 1960, W. H. Cherry and J. I. Gittleman discussed various thermal and electrodynamic aspects of the superconductive transition process relevant to practical applications. In a section of the paper that has remained unnoticed, they proposed a physical model for the Meissner effect. Earlier in 1940–1943, in work that has also remained unnoticed, K. M. Koch had introduced related physical ideas to explain the Meissner effect. Still earlier in 1937, J. C. Slater proposed a model to explain the perfect diamagnetism of superconductors. None of these ideas are part of the conventional London-BCS understanding of superconductivity, yet I will argue that they are essential to understand the Meissner effect, the most fundamental property of superconductors. The unconventional theory of hole superconductivity unifies and extends these ideas. A key missing element in the conventional theory as well as in these early theories is electron-hole asymmetry. A proper understanding of the Meissner effect may help with practical applications of superconductors, as well as to find new superconducting materials with desirable properties.
Evolving fault tolerant robotic controllers

Fault tolerant control and evolutionary algorithms are two different research areas. However with the development of artificial intelligence, evolutionary algorithms have demonstrated competitive performance compared to traditional approaches for the optimisation task. For this reason, the combination of fault tolerant control and evolutionary algorithms has become a new research topic with the evolving of controllers so as to achieve different fault tolerant control schemes. However most of the controller evolution tasks are based on the optimisation of controller parameters so as to achieve the fault tolerant control, so structure optimisation based evolutionary algorithm approaches have not been investigated as the same level as parameter optimisation approaches. For this reason, this thesis investigates whether structure optimisation based evolutionary algorithm approaches could be implemented into a robot sensor fault tolerant control scheme based on the phototaxis task in addition to just parameter optimisation, and explores whether controller structure optimisation could demonstrate potential benefit in a greater degree than just controller parameter optimisation. This thesis presents a new multi-objective optimisation algorithm in the structure optimisation level called Multi-objective Cartesian Genetic Programming, which is created based on Cartesian Genetic Programming and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm 2, in terms of NeuroEvolution based robotic controller optimisation. In order to solve two main problems during the algorithm development, this thesis investigates the benefit of genetic redundancy as well as preserving neutral genetic drift in order to solve the random neighbour pick problem during crowding fill for survival selection and investigates how hyper-volume indicator is employed to measure the multi-objective optimisation algorithm performance in order to assess the convergence for Multi-objective Cartesian Genetic Programming. Furthermore, this thesis compares Multi-objective Cartesian Genetic Programming with Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm 2 for their evolution performance and investigates how Multi-objective Cartesian Genetic Programming could be performing for a more difficult fault tolerant control scenario besides the basic one, which further demonstrates the benefit of utilising structure optimisation based evolutionary algorithm approach for robotic fault tolerant control.
TSN Time Synchronization Based on Kalman Filtering

: With the continuous development of the automotive industry and network technology, automotive Ethernet is facing the need for real-time and high-precision synchronization of data transmission. In this paper, the IEEE 802.1AS protocol gPTP based on the precise time protocol is studied and analysed in depth, focusing on the design and functional implementation of the time synchronization subsystem in the time-sensitive network system, and a method to improve the accuracy of time synchronization between nodes in the AUTOSAR protocol stack based on Kalman filter is given, and is implemented on the hardware platform AURIX TC397 and NXP SJA1110. Finally, the Kalman filter algorithm is used to correct the time synchronization error. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the time deviation between the master-slave clocks.
Event-Based Data-Driven Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Nonlinear Dynamic Processes

Data-driven model predictive control (MPC) has been regarded as an attractive control technology for nonlinear dynamic processes. However, as a model-based approach, data-driven MPC usually suffers from an inaccurate model, process uncertainty, and calculation burden. To provide an efficient and accurate controller for nonlinear dynamic processes, an event-based data-driven adaptive MPC (EDAMPC) scheme is proposed. First, a prediction model employing a self-organizing long short-term memory (SOLSTM) neural network is developed to obtain a compact model structure and improve the generalization ability. The structure of the SOLSTM neural network is constructed dynamically by integrating the activity and significance of the neurons. Second, an error-triggered online learning mechanism is developed to update model parameters adaptively based on prediction errors. The nonlinear process dynamics can be captured in the presence of process uncertainty. Third, an event-based control strategy is introduced to reduce communication and computation resources. The convergence of the SOLSTM neural network and the nominal stability of the EDAMPC scheme is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the EDAMPC scheme are demonstrated via a numerical case and an industrial application.
Passive Seismic Monitoring of Induced Seismicity Using Sparse Arrays of Broadband Seismometers

Government regulatory bodies and the public are increasingly concerned over induced and triggered seismicity associated with oil and gas recovery, hydraulic fracturing and also potential ground water contamination associated with these activities. In particular, the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) recently issued Subsurface Order No. 2 stating that companies operating in the Duvernay Formation will have to follow a traffic light scheme that will require AER notification for seismic events of magnitude 2 or greater and cease operation for events greater than magnitude 4. The BC Oil and Gas Commission has also introduced similar measures.