Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral large-eddy simulation of isotropic and stably stratified turbulence

We first recall the concepts of spectral eddy viscosity and diffusivity, derived from the two-point closures of turbulence, in the framework of large-eddy simulations in Fourier space. The case of a spectrum which does not decrease as $k^{-\frac{5}{3}}$ at the cutoff is studied. Then, a spectral large-eddy simulation of decaying isotropic turbulence convecting a passive temperature is performed, at a resolution of 1283 collocation points. It is shown that the temperature spectrum tends to follow in the energetic scales a k−1 range, followed by a $k^{-\frac{5}{3}}$ inertial–convective range at higher wavenumbers. This is in agreement with previous independent calculations (Lesieur & Rogallo 1989). When self-similar spectra have developed, the temperature variance and kinetic energy decay respectively like t−1.37 and t−1.85, with identical initial spectra peaking at ki = 20 and ∝ k8 for k → 0. In the k−1 range, the temperature spectrum is found to collapse according to the law ET(k, t) = 0. 1η(〈u2〉/ε) k−1, where ε and η are the kinetic energy and temperature variance dissipation rates. The spectral eddy viscosity and diffusivity are recalculated explicitly from the large-eddy simulation: the anomalous ∝ ln k behaviour of the eddy diffusivity in the eddy-viscosity plateau is shown to be associated with the large-scale intermittency of the passive temperature: the p.d. f. of the velocity component u is Gaussian (∼ exp − X2), while the scalar T, the velocity derivatives ∂u/∂x and ∂u/∂z, and the temperature derivative ∂T/∂z are all close to exponential exp - |X| at high |X|. The pressure distribution is exponential at low pressure and Gaussian at high. For stably stratified Boussinesq turbulence, the coupling between the temperature and the velocity fields leads to the disappearance of the ‘anomalous’ temperature behaviour (k−1 range, logarithmic eddy diffusivity and exponential probability density function for T). These are the highest-resolution calculations ever performed for this problem. We also split the eddy viscous coefficients into a vortex and a wave component. In both cases (unstratified and stratified), comparisons with direct numerical simulations are performed. Finally we propose a generalization of the spectral eddy viscosity to highly intermittent situations in physical space: in this structure-function model, the spectral eddy viscosity is based upon a kinetic energy spectrum local in space. The latter is calculated with the aid of a local second-order velocity structure function. This structure function model is compared with other models, including Smagorinsky's, for isotropic decaying turbulence, and with high-resolution direct simulations. It is shown that low-pressure regions mark coherent structures of high vorticity. The pressure spectra are shown to follow Batchelor's quasi-normal law: $\alpha C^2_{\rm k}\epsilon^{\frac{4}{3}}k^{-\frac{7}{3}}$ (Ck is Kolmogorov's constant), with α ≈ 1.32.
Voltage and current spectra for a single-phase voltage source inverter

An inverter converts a direct current power supply to an alternating current power supply. To do so, its output is switched at high frequency between the inputs in order to synthesize the desired alternating current output in the low-frequency part of the Fourier spectrum. Here, we calculate analytical expressions for the input and output current and voltage spectra for two inverter designs: so-called single-phase-leg and two-phase-leg inverters. The output voltage and current spectra are well known but are found here by a new, analytically compact means. More significantly, the input current spectra for the two designs are calculated here for the first time. A prior, approximate method for determining the input current spectrum (which assumes an exactly sinusoidal output current) is compared with our exact results.
Logistieke besturing van motorenhergebruik bij Daimler-Benz MTR

Sinds vele jaren biedt Daimler-Benz (DB) eigenaren en eigenaressen van een Mercedes-Benz (MB) personenauto, bestel- ofvrachtwagen de mogelijkheid om met garantie een gereviseerde motor te kopen tegen een prijs die lager ligt dan de prijs voor een nieuwe motor. In dit artikel zal ingegaan worden op de logistieke besturing van de activiteiten die DB in dit kader uitvoert voor motoren afkomstig uit personenauto's en kleine bestelwagens. Daarbij zal aandacht besteed worden aan de logistieke besturing van het hergebruiknetwerk als geheel en de logistieke besturing binnen Daimler-Benz Motoren und Teile Recycling (DB-MTR), het onderdeel van DB dat zich bezig houdt met het daadwerkelijk reviseren van bovengenoemde motoren. Verder zal ingegaan worden op de eisen die de beschreven logistieke besturing stelt aan ondersteuning van een geautomatiseerd informatiesysteem. Het artikel eindigt met een samenvatting en conclusies.
Subpixel distance maps and weighted distance transforms

An algorithm for computing the Euclidean distance from the boundary of a given digitized shape is presented. The distance is calculated with sub-pixel accuracy. The algorithm is based on an equal distance contour evolution process. The moving contour is embedded as a level set in a time varying function of higher dimension. This representation of the evolving contour makes possible the use of an accurate and stable numerical scheme, due to Osher and Sethian.
Leaf Microbiome Data for European Cultivated Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) During Downy Mildew (Plasmopara viticola) Epidemics in Three Wine-Producing Regions in France

Grapevine downy mildew ( Plasmopara viticola) is a major disease of European cultivated grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) against which a large amount of synthetic pesticides are used. Developing microbial biocontrol of P. viticola could reduce the use of pesticides in viticulture and preserve human and environmental health. To achieve this goal, the ecological interactions that develop during infection between P. viticola and the vine foliar microbiome need to be explored. Here, we present metabarcoding datasets describing the bacterial and fungal communities of pairs of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples collected during downy mildew epidemics in three major wine-producing regions of France. Fungal and bacterial communities were sequenced on a MiSeq Illumina platform, and the abundance of the oomycete P. viticola was quantified using qPCR. We provide the raw metabarcoding datasets, the amplicon sequence variant tables obtained after bioinformatic processing, the metadata describing sampling sites and tissue health conditions, and the code used for bioinformatic analysis. These datasets will enable microbiome comparison within pairs of symptomatic and asymptomatic samples collected at the same time on the same leaf. Such a comparison could help describe the ecological interactions between P. viticola and the grapevine foliar microbiome. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A Novel Soft Actuator: MISA and Its Application on the Biomimetic Robotic Arm

This letter presents the design and development of a novel compact motor-based non-linear stiffness soft actuator used for tendon-driven joints, i.e. a magnet-integrated soft actuator (MISA). By applying a pair of antagonistic MISAs to a joint, it is capable of achieving joint stiffness adjustment and joint torque adaptation. The joint with MISAs can achieve a wide range of joint stiffness, about 520% of that obtained by linear stiffness actuators, i.e. LSSA (share the same allowable elastic force and elastic travel with MISA). A stiffness range of 0-121.86 Nm and deflection of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 8.9\mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> can be achieved when MISAs are applied to a joint with a moment arm of 180 mm. The MISA achieves a high Power/Volume ratio of 345.02 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times\, 10^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> W/m<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The application of the MISA in the development of a biomimetic robotic arm is also presented, with the investigation of joint stability and output torque analyse under various joint stiffnesses. Two experiments show that joints with MISAs can emulate the state of human joints when the muscles are tensed and relaxed. The dumbbell lifting test illustrates that the MISAs are capable of actuating the robot with desirable performance.
On the determination of transverse dispersivity

Η εγκάρσια διασπορά στα πορώδη μέσα έχει αναγνωριστεί ως βασική παράμετρος σε μια ποικιλία διεργασιών στο υπέδαφος. Ελέγχει τον ρυθμό διάλυσης των πηγών ρύπων, την αραίωση των συντηρητικών διαλυμένων ουσιών, την ανάμιξη των αντιδρώντων διαλυμένων ουσιών και παίζει καθοριστικό ρόλο στην αποσύνθεση των διακυμάνσεων της συγκέντρωσης. Η εκτίμηση της εγκάρσιας διασποράς, μιας ιδιότητας του πορώδους μέσου, είναι απαραίτητη για την εκτίμηση του υδροδυναμικού μέρους της εγκάρσιας διασποράς. Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται μια μεθοδολογία και πειράματα με ιχνηθέτες για τη μέτρηση της εγκάρσιας διασποράς ομοιογενών ισότροπων μέσων με τη χρήση ενός κοχλία, μιας σπειροειδούς κοιλότητας όπως αυτή του κελύφους ενός ναυτίλου και μιας έλικας. Το κίνητρο είναι ότι η μεταφορά ενός συντηρητικού ιχνηθέτη σε μια συσκευή με σπειροειδή κίνηση ροής οδηγεί σε μια καμπύλη διάρρηξης συγκέντρωσης που σχετίζεται αντιστρόφως ανάλογα με τις παραμέτρους εγκάρσιας διασποράς. Πραγματοποιώντας πειράματα συντηρητικού ιχνηθέτη σε μια έλικα και σε έναν κοχλία μπορούμε να λάβουμε πειραματικές καμπύλες διάρρηξης. Το πεδίο ροής στην έλικα είναι πολύπλοκο και επιλύεται αριθμητικά. Στον κοχλία το πεδίο ροής είναι απλούστερο και επιλύεται αναλυτικά. Η επίλυση του πεδίου ροής εφαρμόζεται σε προσομοίωση της μεταφοράς διαλυμένων ουσιών με τυχαίο περίπατο παρακολούθησης σωματιδίων, η οποία χρησιμοποιείται ως εμπρόσθιο μοντέλο σε μια μη γραμμική μέθοδο βελτιστοποίησης για τον προσδιορισμό της εγκάρσιας διασποράς του πορώδους μέσου. Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 συνοψίζουμε την τρέχουσα έρευνα που αποδεικνύει τη σημασία της εγκάρσιας διασποράς στη μεταφορά υπόγειων υδάτων και την ανάμιξη ενώσεων σε πορώδη μέσα. Ανασκοπούμε τις προηγούμενες πειραματικές μεθόδους που προτάθηκαν για τον προσδιορισμό της εγκάρσιας διασποράς και αναφέρουμε τους ερευνητικούς στόχους της παρούσας μελέτης. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2 παρέχεται το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο που απαιτείται για την κατανόηση της ροής και της μεταφοράς στην έλικα και στον κοχλία και η διαδικασία βελτιστοποίησης που χρησιμοποιούμε στη μεθοδολογία μας. Το Κεφάλαιο 3 παρέχει μια συζήτηση σχετικά με τα όργανα και την επιλογή των ιχνηθετών που χρησιμοποιούμε για τη λήψη πειραματικών καμπυλών διάρρηξης συγκέντρωσης. Στα κεφάλαια 4 και 5 παρουσιάζουμε τα πειράματα και τις αριθμητικές προσομοιώσεις πουεκτελούμε στην έλικα και στον κοχλία. Παρουσιάζουμε επίσης τις εκτιμήσεις της εγκάρσιας διασποράς που λαμβάνουμε για κάθε πείραμα. Στο Κεφάλαιο 6 συζητάμε τα αποτελέσματα και παρέχουμε μια περιγραφή των σχετικών πλεονεκτημάτων κάθε συσκευής, οργάνου και μεθοδολογίας που χρησιμοποιούμε για να λάβουμε τις εκτιμήσεις της εγκάρσιας διασποράς. Στο κεφάλαιο 7 παρατίθενται τα βασικά συμπεράσματα της παρούσας έρευνας. Τα πιο αξιοσημείωτα συμπεράσματα είναι ότι τα αποτελέσματα από τις δύο συσκευές συμφωνούν και ότι ο λόγος της εγκάρσιας διασποράς προς τη διαμήκη διασπορά που εκτιμούμε συμφωνεί με τους υψηλότερους λόγους που αναφέρονται στη βιβλιογραφία. Ολοκληρώνουμε την παρούσα έρευνα με συστάσεις και ιδέες για μελλοντικές έρευνες που θα μπορούσαν να πραγματοποιηθούν με βάση τη γενική μας προσέγγιση και τις πειραματικές μας συσκευές.
Evaluation of an Artificial Mouth for Dental Caries Development

This study validated a microbial caries model (artificial mouth) for dental caries development to determine the optimal time to create early caries suitable for evaluation of the efficacy of caries therapeutic agents. In all, 40 human enamel blocks were placed in an artificial mouth at 37 °C and 5% CO2 and were exposed to brain heart infusion broth inoculated with S. mutans in continuous circulation (0.3 mL/min). The culture medium was replaced three times daily. Samples were exposed to 10% sucrose for 3 min, 3 times daily to promote biofilm growth. Five samples were harvested from the chamber after 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. At the end of experiment, samples were assessed visually by ICDAS criteria, while lesion depth (LD) and mineral loss (ML) were measured using polarizing light microscopy and transverse microradiography. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and Tukey comparison test (p < 0.05). Results showed significant and strong positive correlation (p < 0.01) between all variables and biofilm growth time. LD and ML profiles of 7-day lesions seem to be the most suitable for remineralization studies. In conclusion, using the evaluated artificial mouth, early-stage caries suitable for products’ evaluation studies was produced within 7 days of exposure to microbial biofilm.
Complete Bony Segment Flap Failure without Skin Paddle Compromise in Fibular Free Flap: A Case Report of a Rare Early Complication

The free fibula flap is sometimes associated with partial flap loss. A 62-year-old man with squamous carcinoma of the lower alveolus underwent anterior arch resection and reconstruction with a fibula osteocutaneous flap containing three bony segments. There were two perforators in the skin flap; the first perforator was proximal to the bony segments and the other perforator was at the level of the middle segment. Atherosclerosis was observed in the anastomotic vessels. During surgery, thrombosis occurred in the arterial anastomosis, but was revised before the operation was over. The patient’s early postoperative course was uneventful. In the second week, purulent discharge was observed from the drains. Flap exploration showed devascularization of bony segments and periosteum, but the skin paddle was viable. The peroneal vessel had thrombosed distal to the takeoff of the proximal perforator and the viable skin paddle perfused by proximal perforators falsely indicated the well-being of underlying bones. The de-vascularized bones and sloughed periosteum were removed at the time of exploration, after which the skin paddle was reoriented for coverage of the defect. The patient completed chemoradiation without any bony reconstruction afterwards. This is the only reported case of early total bony flap portion loss with a viable skin paddle in free fibula flap transfer.
Making digital cameras less attractive targets for theft

Cameras are easy targets for theft. They are expensive, small, usually carried in the open, and not easily identiﬁable when stolen. Unlike cell phones, cameras typically do not have passwords or other login procedures, so the full functionality is generally available to anyone with physical access to the camera, and stolen cameras behave indistinguishably from ones operated by their legitimate owners. The current work examines various methods for making cameras less attractive targets for theft without signiﬁcantly increasing either camera cost or the complexity of the user interface and interactions. Many of the new methods use various forms of anomalous behavior identiﬁcation to enable the camera to passively recognize when it is likely that the person operating the camera is not the owner.
The effects of redshifts and focusing on the spectrum of an accretion disk around a Kerr black hole

The spectrum of X-rays produced by an accretion disk around a black hole is influenced markedly by Doppler shifts, gravitational redshifts, and the gravitational lens effect. These influences can be described by a ''transfer function,'' which one folds into any assumed spectrum emitted on the disk's surface to get the spectrum observed at various locations far from the disk. This paper formulates such a transfer function and tabulates it for Kerr black holes of a/M=0 and 0.9981. The transfer function depends strongly on the polar angle of the observer: An observer near the plane of the disk sees radiation from its hot inner regions to be less reshifted and to subtend a greater solid angle than does an observer near the disk's polar axis. Consequently, the equatorial observer sees a much harder spectrum at high energies than does the polar observer. This effect is more pronounced for black holes of larger angular momentum. (AIP)
Automated, Reliable Zero-Day Malware Detection Based on Autoencoding Architecture

While a body of studies has been carried out for malware detection with its significance, they are often limited to known malware patterns due to the reliance on signature-based or supervised learning approaches. The semi-supervised learning approach would be an option for identifying previously unseen patterns (i.e., zero-day detection); however, our preliminary study reveals critical limitations from existing methods, including (i) the profiling-based approach using an autoencoder can provide better detection but is sensitive to the threshold setting, and (ii) one-class (OC) classification does not require a manual threshold discovery but may be limited with low detection rates. In this paper, we present a new detection method incorporating the concept of autoencoding and OC classification, designed to benefit from strong abstraction by neural networks (using an autoencoder) and the removal of the complex threshold selection (using an OC classifier). For this combined architecture, a challenge is concurrent training of the autoencoder and the OC classifier, which may cause an ill-suited learner due to no reference to malware instances. To this end, we introduce a new model selection method that discovers well-optimized models from a variety of combinations. The experimental results performed with public malware datasets (Meraz’18 and Drebin) show the effectiveness of our presented methods with up to 97.1% accuracy, comparable to the supervised learning-based detection. We also examine the impact of evading attacks using adversarial attack tools, the result of which shows resilience to malware variants with over 99% detection rates.
Power Control and Interference Pricing Strategies for Heterogeneous Networks With Renewable Energy Sources

In this article, the power control and interference pricing problems between the macro base station (MBS) and small cell base stations (SBSs) in Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are investigated. To optimally allocate power resources and effectively manage the power resources to reduce interference in HetNets, an innovative Stackelberg differential game approach is proposed. In the proposed Stackelberg game, the SBSs control their transmit power to achieve cost minimization based on the interference price offered by the MBS. Given the optimal power control strategies of SBSs, the MBS can adjust the interference price to realize the objective optimization. Renewable energy sources are introduced into the proposed HetNets, and differential equations formulate the SBSs' dynamic energy. Meanwhile, the MBS's state is given by the dynamic spectrum resources. Then the differential game is imported to achieve optimal power control and interference pricing. The open-loop Nash equilibrium solutions are first analyzed for the MBS and SBSs. Then the feedback Nash equilibrium solutions are given. Under the feedback pattern, the proposed model's performances in the non-cooperative and cooperative situations are discussed. Numerical simulations are given to show the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed game approach.
The prevalence of depression among parents of children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Emerging research indicates that depression among parents of children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has increased significantly. However, the prevalence rates reported by different studies vary substantially. Methods Seven databases were systematically searched (Pubmed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo) from the inception to 15th October 2022. We pooled prevalence rates from each study with a random-effect model. We conducted a stratified meta-analysis to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity among studies. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach was utilized to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results Twenty-two studies were included, with a total of 4639 parents living with type 1 diabetic children. Overall, the pooled prevalence rate of depression or depressive symptoms was 22.4% (95%CI 17.2% to 28.7%; I 2 = 96.8%). The prevalence was higher among mothers (31.5%) than fathers (16.3%) as well as parents of children (aged < 12 years) with T1DM (32.3%) than those with adolescents (aged ≥ 12 years) (16.0%). Conclusion Our research suggests that more than 1 in 5 parents of type 1 diabetic children/adolescents worldwide suffer from depression or depressive symptom. Depression screening and interventions are required for parents of children with T1DM. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42022368702).
The evolution of UK sea-level projections

The methods used to generate process-based global and local mean sea-level projections have evolved substantially over the last fifteen years, including improved process understanding, advances in ice-sheet modelling, the use of emulators and further development of high-end scenarios. During this time, two sets of UK national sea-level projections have been generated as part of the UK Climate Projections in 2009 (UKCP09; Lowe et al 2009) and in 2018 (UKCP18; Palmer et al 2018b). UKCP18 presented local mean sea-level projections for the UK coastline for the 21st century rooted in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models and in methods used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), with an emulator-based methodology to provide extended projections to 2300 (Palmer et al 2018a; 2020). We compare UKCP18 global and local mean sea-level projections with those presented in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6, IPCC ). We find the likely range projections (characterising the central two-thirds of the distribution) are broadly similar at 2150 to within 0.1 m, except at Edinburgh, where the maximum difference is 0.22 m under medium emissions. Differences arise due to higher contributions from sterodynamic processes and the Antarctic ice sheet, and higher or lower vertical land movement, in AR6 compared to UKCP18. We also compare high-end sea-level rise estimates, presented in AR6 and UKCP09, finding reasonable global and UK local agreement over the 21st century. We explore future paths for UK sea-level science considering both user needs for information and developments in modelling capability. Future UK sea-level projections would benefit from updated high-end sea-level rise scenarios which extend beyond 2100 and continued efforts to build understanding of observed sea-level change drivers. Alongside close collaboration with user groups this would enhance the utility of local sea-level projections by UK coastal practitioners and decision-makers.