Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronologyand tectonic controls of LateTertiary deposition in the southwesternTian Shan foreland, NWChina

Magnetostratigraphy from the Kashi foreland basin along the southern margin of theTian Shan in Western China de¢nes the chronology of both sedimentation and the structural evolution of this collisional mountain belt. Eleven magnetostratigraphic sections representing ! 13 km of basin strata provide a twoand three-dimensional record of continuous deposition since ! 18Ma.The distinctive Xiyu conglomerate makes up the uppermost strata in eight of11magnetostratigraphic sectionswithin the foreland and forms awedge that thins southward.The basal age of the conglomerate varies from 15.5" 0.5Ma at the northernmost part of the foreland, to 8.6" 0.1Ma in the central (medial) part of the foreland and to1.9" 0.2, ! 1.04 and 0.7" 0.1Ma along the southern deformation front of the foreland basin.These data indicate the Xiyu conglomerate is highly time-transgressive and has prograded south since just after the initial uplift of the Kashi BasinThrust (KBT) at 18.9" 3.3Ma. Southward progradation occurred at an average rate of ! 3mmyear#1between15.5 and 2Ma, before accelerating to ! 10mmyear#1. Abrupt changes in sediment-accumulation rates are observed at16.3 and13.5Ma in the northern part of the foreland and are interpreted to correspond to southward stepping deformation. A subtle decrease in the sedimentation rate above the Keketamu anticline is determined at ! 4.0Ma andwas synchronous with an increase in sedimentation rate further south above the Atushi Anticline.Magnetostratigraphy also dates growth strata ato4.0, 1.4" 0.1 and 1.4" 0.2Ma on the southern £anks the Keketamu, Atushi andKashi anticlines, respectively. Together, sedimentation rate changes and growth strata indicate stepped migration of deformation into the Kashi foreland at least at 16.3, 13.5, 4.0 and1.4Ma. Progressive reconstruction of a seismically controlled cross-section through the foreland produces total shortening of13^21km and migration of the deformation front at 2.1^3.4mmyear#1between19 and13.5Ma, 1.4^1.6mmyear#1between 13.5 and 4.0Ma and10mmyear#1 since 4.0Ma. Migration of deformation into the foreland generally causes (1) uplift and reworking of basin-capping conglomerate, (2) a local decrease of accommodation space above any active structure where uplift occurs, and hence a decrease in sedimentation rate and (3) an increase in accumulation on the margins of the structure due to increased subsidence and/or ponding of sediment behind the growing folds. Since 5^6Ma, increased sediment-accumulation (! 0.8mmyear#1) and gravel progradation (! 10mmyear#1) rates appear linked to higher deformation rates on the Keketamu, Atushi andKashi anticlines and increased subsidence due to loading from both theTian Shan and Pamir ranges, and possibly a change in climate causing accelerated erosion.Whereas the rapid (! 10mmyear#1) progradation of theXiyu conglomerate after 4.0Ma may be promoted by global climate change, its overall progradation since15.5Ma is due to the progressive encroachment of deformation into the foreland.
Structure of periodontal tissues in health and disease.

The periodontium, defined as those tissues supporting and investing the tooth, comprises root cementum, periodontal ligament, bone lining the tooth socket (alveolar bone), and that part of the gingiva facing the tooth (dentogingival junction). The widespread occurrence of periodontal diseases and the realization that lost tissues can be repaired and, perhaps, regenerated has generated considerable interest in the factors and cells regulating their formation and maintenance. It is important to understand that each of the periodontal components has its very specialized structure and that these structural characteristics directly define function. Indeed, proper functioning of the periodontium is only achieved through structural integrity and interaction between its components. In recent years, a number of detailed descriptions of the structural and compositional features of periodontal tissues have been published (3, 5‐7, 9, 15, 17, 46, 50, 56, 58, 61); we refer the reader to these for a comprehensive description of the development, formation, and structure of periodontal tissues. The present review will focus on structure‐function relationships pertinent to understanding periodontal tissue breakdown and the repair ⁄ regeneration of affected structures.
Ohm's law at strong coupling: S duality and the cyclotron resonance

We calculate the electrical and thermal conductivities and the thermoelectric coefficient of a class of strongly interacting 2+1-dimensional conformal field theories with anti-de Sitter space duals. We obtain these transport coefficients as a function of charge density, background magnetic field, temperature, and frequency. We show that the thermal conductivity and thermoelectric coefficient are determined by the electrical conductivity alone. At small frequency, in the hydrodynamic limit, we are able to provide a number of analytic formulas for the electrical conductivity. A dominant feature of the conductivity is the presence of a cyclotron pole. We show how bulk electromagnetic duality acts on the transport coefficients.
Active Learning of Instance-Level Constraints for Semi-supervised Document Clustering

This paper presents a framework that actively selects informative documents pairs for semi-supervised document clustering. The semi-supervised document clustering algorithm is a Constrained DBSCAN (Cons-DBSCAN), which incorporates instance-level constraints to guide the clustering process in DBSCAN. By obtaining user feedbacks, our proposed active learning algorithm can get informative instance level constraints to aid clustering process. Experimental results show that Cons-DBSCAN with the proposed active learning approach can provide an appealing clustering performance.
Neandertal versus Modern Human Dietary Responses to Climatic Fluctuations

The Neandertal lineage developed successfully throughout western Eurasia and effectively survived the harsh and severely changing environments of the alternating glacial/interglacial cycles from the middle of the Pleistocene until Marine Isotope Stage 3. Yet, towards the end of this stage, at the time of deteriorating climatic conditions that eventually led to the Last Glacial Maximum, and soon after modern humans entered western Eurasia, the Neandertals disappeared. Western Eurasia was by then exclusively occupied by modern humans. We use occlusal molar microwear texture analysis to examine aspects of diet in western Eurasian Paleolithic hominins in relation to fluctuations in food supplies that resulted from the oscillating climatic conditions of the Pleistocene. There is demonstrable evidence for differences in behavior that distinguish Upper Paleolithic humans from members of the Neandertal lineage. Specifically, whereas the Neandertals altered their diets in response to changing paleoecological conditions, the diets of Upper Paleolithic humans seem to have been less affected by slight changes in vegetation/climatic conditions but were linked to changes in their technological complexes. The results of this study also indicate differences in resource exploitation strategies between these two hominin groups. We argue that these differences in subsistence strategies, if they had already been established at the time of the first contact between these two hominin taxa, may have given modern humans an advantage over the Neandertals, and may have contributed to the persistence of our species despite habitat-related changes in food availabilities associated with climate fluctuations.
Dependency Detection in Interval-based Event Streams

We present a new approach to mine dependencies between streams of interval-based events that links two events if they occur in a similar manner, one being often followed by the other one in the data. The proposed technique is robust to temporal variability of events and determines the most appropriate time intervals whose validity is assessed by a Chi2 test. TEDDY algorithm prunes the search space while certifying the discovery of all valid and significant temporal dependencies.
Development of Particle Swarm Optimization Based Rainfall-Runoff Prediction Model for Pahang River, Pekan

Flooding is a natural disaster which has been occurring annually throughout the whole world. The disaster, such as other natural catastrophe could only be mitigated rather than it being completely solved. Runoff prediction proved to be very vital in pre-flooding management system. In recent years, Artificial Neural Network has been applied in various prediction models of hydrological system. It is proposed to model the rainfall-runoff system of Pahang River in Pekan. Mean rainfall data of 5 hydrological stations are used as the input and water level data as the output. The Artificial Neural Networks are trained with Particle Swarm Optimization. The performances of Artificial Neural Networks were measured with Ackley cost function value. Neural network configuration of 450 number of maximum iteration, 6 number of particles and 1.9 and 2.0 values of Particle Swarm Optimization parameter constant for global best (c1) and Particle Swarm Optimization constant for personal best (c2) respectively shows the highest global best function value. The neural network configuration of 300 number of maximum iteration, 3 numbers of particles and 2.2 value of (c1) and (c2) produces lowest global best function value. The output shows Artificial Neural Network trained by Particle Swarm Optimization can successfully model rainfall-runoff.
Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on the Pareto Archive and individual migration

A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on the parallel evolution of multiple single objective populations and Pareto archive population is proposed. For each single objective population, single objective evolutionary algorithm is applied to optimize separately each of multiobjective functions, where individuals generated by tournament selection from the union of single objective and Pareto archive population form the single objective population of next generation. At each evolving iteration, based on the concept of Pareto dominance, a finite-sized Pareto archive population is iteratively updated and trimmed by a new crowded-comparison operation. Especially, individuals in Pareto archive population also join evolutionary operations to increase the converging speed and improve quality of nondominated solutions. Simulations manifest that the proposed method can realize the search from multiple directions to obtain the nondominated solutions scattered more uniformly over the Pareto frontier with better convergence metric compared to well-known NSGA-II algorithm. Individuals migrating from Pareto archive population by tournament selection is also proved to have the advantage in improving the converging speed and converging precision.
Efficient algorithms for robust GCV spline smoothing

Generalized cross-validation (GCV) is a widely used parameter selection criterion for spline smoothing, but it can give poor results if the sample size n is not sufficiently large. An effective way to overcome this is to use the more stable criterion called robust GCV (RGCV). The main computational effort for the evaluation of the GCV score is the trace of the smoothing matrix, trA, while the RGCV score requires both trA and trA. Since 1985 there has been an efficient O(n) algorithm to compute trA. This paper develops two pairs of new O(n) algorithms to compute trA and trA, which allow the RGCV score to be calculated efficiently. The algorithms involve the differentiation of certain matrix functionals using banded Cholesky decomposition.
It’s just a matter of perspective?

Prior research has, on the one hand, identified negative consequences of discrimination in general on various individual-level and organizational outcomes. On the other hand, prior literature has discussed barriers to the transfer of knowledge within organizations. However, research into the relationship between these important issues is scant. This paper addresses the unresolved issue how a specific aspect of discrimination, i.e. perceived age discrimination climate, impacts intergenerational knowledge transfer, as an increasingly important type of knowledge transfer. Drawing on social exchange theory, we conceptualize the perception of age discrimination climate as detrimental to intergenerational knowledge transfer through a reduction of job satisfaction and trust. We collected data in the setting of the dual vocational training system of Germany by questioning 432 trainees and trainers. For the training period, each trainee has a formally assigned trainer. By definition, this setting describes a forma.
R-MESHJOIN for near-real-time data warehousing

To fulfill the increasing demand of business for the latest information, current data integration approaches are moving towards real-time updates. One important element in real-time data integration is the join of a continuous incoming data stream with a disk-based relation. In this paper we investigate a stream-based join algorithm, called mesh join (MESHJOIN), and propose an improved version called reduced MESHJOIN (R-MESHJOIN). Both algorithms tune the memory, allocating parts of the memory to key components. In MESHJOIN there is a dependency between the size of partitions in an internal queue for the stream data and the number of iterations required to bring the disk-based relation into memory. This dependency hampers the optimal distribution of memory among the join components. In particular the size of the disk-buffer varies with the size of the disk-based relation which is unnecessary. On the other hand the R-MESHJOIN algorithm removes this dependency. This enables an optimal distribution of available memory among the join components. In R-MESHJOIN a change in the size of the disk-based relation does not affect the size of the disk-buffer. An experimental study is conducted in order to validate the arguments.
Lycos : Design choices in an Internet search service

One of the enabling technologies of the World Wide Web, along with browsers, domain name servers, and hypertext markup language, is the s arch engine . Although the Web contains over 100 million pages of information, those millions of pages are useless if you cannot find the pages you need. All major Web search engines operate the same way: a gathering program explores the hyperlinked documents of the Web, foraging for Web pages to index. These pages are stockpiled by storing them in some kind of database or repository. Finally, a retrieval program takes a user query and creates a list of links to Web documents matching the words, phrases, or concepts in the query. Although the retrieval program itself is correctly called a search engine, by popular usage the term now means a database combined with a retrieval program. For example, the Lycos search engine comprises the Lycos Catalog of the Internet and the Pursuit retrieval program. This essay describes the Lycos system for collecting, storing, and retrieving information about pages on the Web. After outlining the history and precursors of the Lycos system, I’ll discuss some of the design choices we made in building this Web indexer and touch briefly on the economic issues involved in working with very large retrieval systems.
Cue-sampling and goal-approach correlates of hippocampal unit activity in rats performing an odor-discrimination task

Several techniques previously used to describe behavioral correlates of hippocampal unit and slow-wave activity are combined in a single odor- discrimination paradigm. Rats repetitively performed a sequence of behaviors during each trial: approach to a stimulus-sampling port, investigatory sniffing of the odor cue, orientation and approach toward a separate reward location, and water reward consumption. In a series of post hoc analyses, spike activity was time-locked to variations of each task event to uncover behavioral and physiological parameters that best synchronized unit firing. Three major categories of cells were identified: (1) “Cue-sampling” cells fired after onset of odor-cue sampling. Response magnitude was related to cue valence on both the current and past trials. (2) “Goal-approach” cells fired prior to arrival at either the odor-sampling port or reward cup. A number of sampling and approach cells also had place correlates. However, detailed analyses indicated that specific behaviors associated with increased firing reliably occurred at the same place. Unit activity was at least as well described by behavioral as spatial parameters. (3) “Theta” cells fired at high rates in strict relation to the ongoing limbic theta rhythm. This categorization suggests a functional organization of the hippocampus in which different cell types play complementary roles. Cue-sampling cells activated by discriminative stimuli during attentive fixations may be involved in comparing relative cue valence. Goal-approach cells may be involved in orientation movements for successive cue-sampling periods. Theta cells may provide synchronization of sensory acquisition during sampling, as well as in orientation movements during approach.
A Distributed Secure Ontology for Certified Services Oriented Applications

Currently, SOAs are the major trend for large -- scale infrastructures and applications that are built from loosely -- coupled well -- separated services and that are subject to dynamic configuration, operation and evolution. Concretely, in open SOAs, trust becomes an essential element and certification of security properties offered by the services will be crucial. In SOAs systems, service consumers and providers need to exchange data in a flexible and consistent way, take into account cultural and language issues and consider data vulnerability and trust relationships. Ontologies have been largely used to support interoperability and recently, their use has been extended to address security. When ontologies are used in open systems, it is essential to provide adequate means to protect them, guaranteeing its authenticity, identifying the providers of the elements in the ontology. Taking into account the limitations of the current security mechanisms for ontologies of SOAs and in order to support the certification process addressed by ASSERT4SOA project (founded by FP7 of the European Union), we present in this paper a framework to define secure, distributed ontologies (SDOs) supporting system integration (data, information, and knowledge interoperability) in certified service environment.
Silencing microRNA-34a inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis in a rat osteoarthritis model in vitro.

OBJECTIVE miRNAs, which are non-coding RNAs, play a role in the pathogenesis of disease including OA. miRNA (miR)-34a is induced by p53, subsequently leading to cell apoptosis, which is one of the major factors in the pathogenesis of OA. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of silencing miR-34a on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in a rat OA model in vitro. METHODS Locked nucleotide analogue (LNA)-modified miR-34a-specific anti-sense was transfected into rat chondrocyte monolayer culture. After that, IL-1β was added to the chondrocytes to create an OA model in vitro. The effect of silencing miR-34a on the prevention of chondrocyte apoptosis was analysed by assessment of the expression levels of Col2a1 and iNOS, also through assessment of cell viability and TUNEL staining. RESULTS The expression of miR-34a was significantly up-regulated by IL-1β. Silencing of miR-34a significantly prevented IL-1β-induced down-regulation of Col2a1, as well as IL-1β-induced up-regulation of iNOS. Finally, MiR-34a inhibitor could also reduce TUNEL-positive cells. CONCLUSION Silencing of miR-34a by LNA-modified anti-sense could effectively reduce rat chondrocyte apoptosis induced by IL-1β. This present study revealed that silencing of miR-34a might develop a novel intervention for OA treatment through the prevention of cartilage degradation.
An invitation to loop quantum gravity

We describe the basic assumptions and key results of loop quantum gravity, which is a background independent approach to quantum gravity. The emphasis is on the basic physical principles and how one deduces predictions from them, at a level suitable for physicsts in other areas such as string theory, cosmology, particle physics, astrophysics and condensed matter physics. No details are given, but references are provided to guide the interested reader to the literature. The present state of knowledge is summarized in a list of 35 key results on topics including the hamiltonian and path integral quantizations, coupling to matter, extensions to supergravity and higher dimensional theories, as well as applications to black holes, cosmology and Plank scale phenomenology. We describe the near term prospects for observational tests of quantum theories of gravity and the expectations that loop quantum gravity may provide predictions for their outcomes. Finally, we provide answers to frequently asked questions and a list of key open problems.
Bethe Ansatz in Quantum Mechanics. 1. The Inverse Method of Separation of Variables

In this paper we formulate a general method for building completely integrable quantum systems. The method is based on the use of the so-called multi-parameter spectral equations, i.e. equations with several spectral parameters. We show that any such equation, after eliminating some spectral parameters by means of the so-called inverse procedure of separation of variables can be reduced to a certain completely integrable model. Starting with exactly or quasi-exactly solvable multi-parameter spectral equations we, respectively, obtain exactly or quasi-exactly solvable integrable models.
History-Dependent Excitability as a Single-Cell Substrate of Transient Memory for Information Discrimination

Neurons react differently to incoming stimuli depending upon their previous history of stimulation. This property can be considered as a single-cell substrate for transient memory, or context-dependent information processing: depending upon the current context that the neuron “sees” through the subset of the network impinging on it in the immediate past, the same synaptic event can evoke a postsynaptic spike or just a subthreshold depolarization. We propose a formal definition of History-Dependent Excitability (HDE) as a measure of the propensity to firing in any moment in time, linking the subthreshold history-dependent dynamics with spike generation. This definition allows the quantitative assessment of the intrinsic memory for different single-neuron dynamics and input statistics. We illustrate the concept of HDE by considering two general dynamical mechanisms: the passive behavior of an Integrate and Fire (IF) neuron, and the inductive behavior of a Generalized Integrate and Fire (GIF) neuron with subthreshold damped oscillations. This framework allows us to characterize the sensitivity of different model neurons to the detailed temporal structure of incoming stimuli. While a neuron with intrinsic oscillations discriminates equally well between input trains with the same or different frequency, a passive neuron discriminates better between inputs with different frequencies. This suggests that passive neurons are better suited to rate-based computation, while neurons with subthreshold oscillations are advantageous in a temporal coding scheme. We also address the influence of intrinsic properties in single-cell processing as a function of input statistics, and show that intrinsic oscillations enhance discrimination sensitivity at high input rates. Finally, we discuss how the recognition of these cell-specific discrimination properties might further our understanding of neuronal network computations and their relationships to the distribution and functional connectivity of different neuronal types.