Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signalling through AMPA receptors on oligodendrocyte precursors promotes myelination by enhancing oligodendrocyte survival

Myelin, made by oligodendrocytes, is essential for rapid information transfer in the central nervous system. Oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) receive glutamatergic synaptic input from axons but how this affects their development is unclear. Murine OPs in white matter express AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits GluA2, GluA3 and GluA4. We generated mice in which OPs lack both GluA2 and GluA3, or all three subunits GluA2/3/4, which respectively reduced or abolished AMPAR-mediated input to OPs. In both double- and triple-knockouts OP proliferation and number were unchanged but ~25% fewer oligodendrocytes survived in the subcortical white matter during development. In triple knockouts, this shortfall persisted into adulthood. The oligodendrocyte deficit resulted in ~20% fewer myelin sheaths but the average length, number and thickness of myelin internodes made by individual oligodendrocytes appeared normal. Thus, AMPAR-mediated signalling from active axons stimulates myelin production in developing white matter by enhancing oligodendrocyte survival, without influencing myelin synthesis per se. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.28080. 001
Thermal-Aware Application Mapping Strategy for Network-on-Chip Based System Design

Rapid progress in technology scaling makes transistors smaller and faster over successive generations, and consequently core count in a system gets increased. However, transistor power consumption no longer scales commensurately. Increased power density calls for better thermal safety of the multi-core systems, in which a flexible and scalable packet-switched architecture — Network-on-Chip (NoC) — is commonly used for communication among the cores. This paper proposes a strategy to increase the thermal safety of NoC-based systems by a graceful decrease in communication cost and an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation to deal with the problem. To overcome huge computational overhead of ILP, another solution strategy, based on meta-heuristic technique, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is also proposed. Several innovative augmentations have been introduced into the basic PSO to generate better quality solutions. A thermal-aware mapping heuristic is proposed to generate some intelligent solutions, which become a part of the initial population in the PSO. A trade-off has been established between communication cost and peak temperature of the die. Experiments on Big data and Graph analytical workloads are reported. The results obtained are better than those of many contemporary approaches, reported in the literature.
Effects of Pitch Area-Restrictions on Tactical Behavior, Physical, and Physiological Performances in Soccer Large-Sided Games

Abstract Gonçalves, B, Esteves, P, Folgado, H, Ric, A, Torrents, C, and Sampaio, J. Effects of pitch area-restrictions on tactical behavior, physical and physiological performances in soccer large-sided games. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2398–2408, 2017—The aim of this study was to identify how pitch area-restrictions affect the tactical behavior, physical, and physiological performances of players during soccer large-sided games. A 10 vs. 9 large-sided game was performed under 3 experimental conditions: (a) restricted-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where players were assigned and they should not leave it; (b) contiguous-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where the players were only allowed to move to a neighboring one; (c) free-spacing, the players had no restrictions in space occupation. The positional data were used to compute players' spatial exploration index and also the distance, coefficient of variation, approximate entropy, and frequency of near-in-phase displacements synchronization of players' dyads formed by the outfield teammates. Players' physical and physiological performances were assessed by the distance covered at different speed categories, game pace, and heart rate. Most likely higher values were found in players' spatial exploration index under free-spacing conditions. The synchronization between dyads' displacements showed higher values for contiguous-spacing and free-spacing conditions. In contrast, for the jogging and running intensity zones, restricted-spacing demanded a moderate effect and most likely decrease compared with other scenarios (∼20–50% to jogging and ∼60–90% to running). Overall, the effects of limiting players' spatial exploration greatly impaired the coadaptation between teammates' positioning while decreasing the physical and physiological performances. These results allow for a better understanding of players' decision-making process according to specific task rules and can be relevant to enrich practice task design, such that coaches acknowledge the differential effect by using specific pitch-position area restrictions.
Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy Treated With Established and New Antiepileptic Drugs: A 30-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study

Importance A study published in 2000 showed that more than one-third of adults with epilepsy have inadequate control of seizures with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This study evaluates overall treatment outcomes in light of the introduction of more than 1 dozen new AEDs in the past 2 decades. Objective To assess long-term treatment outcome in patients with newly diagnosed and treated epilepsy. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal observational cohort study was conducted at the Epilepsy Unit of the Western Infirmary in Glasgow, Scotland. A total of 1795 individuals who were newly treated for epilepsy with AEDs between July 1, 1982, and October 31, 2012, were included in this analysis. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (until October 31, 2014) or until death, whichever came sooner. Data analysis was completed between March 2015 and May 2016. Exposures Treatment with antiepileptic drugs for patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy. Main Outcomes and Measures Seizure control was assessed at the end of the study period. Probability of achieving 1-year seizure freedom was estimated for each AED regimen prescribed. Multivariable models assessed the associations between risk factors and AED treatment outcome after adjustments were made for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results Of the 1795 included patients, 964 (53.7%) were male; the median age was 33 years (range, 9-93 years). At the end of the study period, 1144 patients (63.7%) had been seizure free for the previous year or longer. Among those achieving 1-year seizure freedom, 993 (86.8%) were taking monotherapy and 1028 (89.9%) had achieved seizure control with the first or second AED regimens. Of the total patient pool, 906 (50.5%) remained seizure free for 1 year or longer with the initial AED. If this AED failed, the second and third regimens provided an additional 11.6% and 4.4% likelihoods of seizure freedom, respectively. Only 2.12% of patients attained optimal seizure control with subsequent AEDs. Epilepsy that was not successfully controlled with the first AED had 1.73 times greater odds of not responding to treatment for each subsequent medication regimen (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.56-1.91; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance Despite the availability of many new AEDs with differing mechanisms of action, overall outcomes in newly diagnosed epilepsy have not improved. Most patients who attain control do so with the first or second AED. The probability of achieving seizure freedom diminishes substantially with each subsequent AED regimen tried. More than one-third of patients experience epilepsy that remains uncontrolled.
THE ROLE OF STRESS IN HYDROGEN INDUCED DELAYED FAILURE

The initiation of localized cracking in hydrogenated highstrength steel was dependent on the development of a critical hydrogen concentration and relatively insensitive to the magnitade of the applied stress. The stress was believed to influence the delayed failure process by providing the means for grouping the hydrogen. On the basis of an assumed distribution law the observed changes in the lower critical stress as a function of notch acuity, yield strength, and temperature were predictable over a significant range of these variables. (auth)
Black Adolescent Males: Intersections Among Their Gender Role Identity and Racial Identity and Associations With Self-Concept (Global and School).

Intersectional approaches for understanding identity have gained momentum in the social sciences. Black adolescent males are often perceived as threatening, underachieving, and hypermasculine, which is reinforced through media outlets and psychological research that portray them as a monolith rather than a heterogeneous group with multiple intersecting identities. This cross-sectional study of 70 Black adolescent males between 14 and 18 years old simultaneously explores their race and gender identities and associations with self-concept (global and school). Results demonstrated that participants reported a combination of feminine and masculine gender roles, rather than hypermasculine. A canonical correlation analysis found that Black racial identity attitudes (RIAS-L) and gender roles simultaneously contributed to significant relationships with total and school self-concept. Study limitations and future directions for research and practice are discussed.
SKERD: Reuse distance analysis for simultaneous multiple GPU kernel executions

Modern GPUs employ simultaneous kernel executions (SKE), an equivalent to multitasking in CPUs, to maximize the hardware utilization and enhance the resulted performance. SKE paradigm is not yet fully explored by the research community. In this study, a reuse-distance (RD) based analysis approach, called SKERD, is proposed to analyze the effect of SKE scenarios on the kernel data reuse and GPU cache memories performance. Only two simultaneous kernels were considered in this work. Moreover, Three types of coarse-grained SM (streaming multiprocessor) partitioning schemes were investigated including an even SM to kernel partitioning and two SM partitioning schemes that assign the SMs to the kernels based on the kernel workloads. The simulation results show that none of the mentioned partitioning schemes always functions better than the others. Further, for some memory intensive kernels, SKE resulted in cache contentions and hit ratio degradation. Consequently, the effects of SKE on cache memories should be carefully considered.
Consensus guidelines for the uniform reporting of study ethics in anatomical research within the framework of the anatomical quality assurance (AQUA) checklist

Unambiguous reporting of a study's compliance with ethical guidelines in anatomical research is imperative. As such, clear, universal, and uniform reporting guidelines for study ethics are essential. In 2016, the International Evidence‐Based Anatomy Working group in collaboration with international partners established reporting guidelines for anatomical studies, the Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) Checklist. In this elaboration of the AQUA Checklist, consensus guidelines for reporting study ethics in anatomical studies are provided with in the framework of the AQUA Checklist. The new guidelines are aimed to be applicable to research across the spectrum of the anatomical sciences, including studies on both living and deceased donors. The authors hope the established guidelines will improve ethical compliance and reporting in anatomical research. Clin. Anat. 31:521–524, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advances in atom probe tomography instrumentation: Implications for materials research

A series of recent instrumental advances have facilitated the application of atom probe tomography (APT) to the characterization of an increasingly wide range of materials and devices. Whereas APT was previously mostly limited to the analysis of alloys, advances in areas such as laser pulsing and detectors have enabled characterization of semiconductors and brittle materials. Most recently, ultraviolet laser pulsing has facilitated the analysis of materials previously considered not viable for the atom probe, such as minerals and large bandgap insulator materials. The development of in situ gas reaction cells fully integrated in atom probe instruments has enabled the characterization of surface reactions of materials exposed to highly controlled environments. Finally, current work toward an integrated cryo-transfer system is anticipated to create new directions for APT research.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Antheraea pernyi strain Yu6 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Antheraea pernyi strain Yu6 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) has been reported for the first time. It is a circular molecule of 15,569 bp in length, containing 37 typical coding genes and 1 non-coding AT-rich region. The overall composition of the mitogenome is A (39.27%), G (7.71%), C (12.01%), and T (41.01%). Its gene order and content are identical to the common type found in most insect mitogenomes. All protein coding genes (PCGs) start with a typical ATN initiation codon, except for the cox1 gene, which begins with TTAG codon. Nine genes used standard complete termination codon TAA, whereas the cox1, cox2, nad3, and nad5 genes end with single T. All tRNAs display typical secondary cloverleaf structures as those of other insects. Additionally, the 552 bp long AT-rich region contained several structures common to the other lepidopterons, such as some structures of repeated motifs and microsatellite-like elements. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Antheraea pernyi Yu6 was close to Saturniidae.
Fusion Strategies for Recognition of Violence Actions

Our work highlights event detection system in video surveillance sequences. This should mainly distinguish acts of violence. The survey discusses the current methods and techniques that are being applied for the task of automated violence recognition in the images derived from video surveillance sequences. To do this, we propose a fusion strategy after using a variety of feature extraction algorithms to obtain the points-of-interest from input images and each of the extracted feature vectors is submitted to a classifier. In a decision fusion strategy, different classifiers are used to classify a feature vector and to establish a most suitable decision to classify the input action as violent or non-violent. We study the performance of the mentioned approaches on 21 datasets of human interaction images. Experiments were implemented in Matlab computing environment. This paper aspires to be a contribution for researchers who wish to improve the study of violent activity recognition and gather inspiration on the main challenges to tackle in this emerging field.
CommunityDiff

Community detection is an oft-used analytical function of network analysis but can be a black art to apply in practice. Grouping of related nodes is important for identifying patterns in network datasets but also notoriously sensitive to input data and algorithm selection. This is further complicated by the fact that, depending on domain and use case, the ground truth knowledge of the end-user can vary from none to complete. In this work, we present CommunityDiff, an interactive visualization system that combines visualization and active learning (AL) to support the end-user’s analytical process. As the end-user interacts with the system, a continuous refinement process updates both the community labels and visualizations. CommunityDiff features a mechanism for visualizing ensemble spaces, weighted combinations of algorithm output, that can identify patterns, commonalities, and differences among multiple community detection algorithms. Among other features, CommunityDiff introduces an AL mechanism that visually indicates uncertainty about community labels to focus end-user attention and supporting end-user control that ranges from explicitly indicating the number of expected communities to merging and splitting communities. Based on this end-user input, CommunityDiff dynamically recalculates communities. We demonstrate the viability of our through a study of speed of end-user convergence on satisfactory community labels. As part of building CommunityDiff, we describe a design process that can be adapted to other Interactive Machine Learning applications.
Codes additifs et matrices MDS pour la cryptographie. (Additive codes and MDS matrices for the cryptographic applications)

Cette these porte sur les liens entre les codes correcteurs d'erreurs et les matrices de diffusion lineaires utilisees en cryptographie symetrique. L'objectif est d'etudier les constructions possibles de codes MDS additifs definis sur le groupe (Fm2, +) des m-uplets binaires et de minimiser le cout de l'implementation materielle ou logicielles de ces matrices de diffusion. Cette these commence par l'etude des codes definis sur un anneau de polynomes du type F[x]/f(x), qui generalisent les codes quasi-cycliques. Elle se poursuit par l'etude des codes additifs systematiques definis sur (Fm2, +) et leur lien avec la diffusion lineaire en cryptographie symetrique. Un point important de la these est l'introduction de codes a coefficient dans l'anneau des endomorphismes de Fm2. Le lien entre les codes qui sont des sous-modules a gauche et les codes additifs est mis en evidence. La derniere partie porte sur l'etude et la construction de matrices de diffusion MDS ayant de bonnes proprietes pour la cryptographie, a savoir les matrices circulantes, les matrices dyadiques, ainsi que les matrices ayant des representations creuses minimisant leur implementation.
Feature selection based on supervised topic modeling for boosting-based multi-label text categorization

The text representation model Bag-Of-Words is a simple and typical model which uses the single words as elements to represent the texts in the feature space. However, using the single words as features will produce a high dimensional feature space, which result in the learning computational cost, particularly for ensemble learning algorithms, such as the boosting algorithm AdaBoost.MH. The straightforward solution of this matter can be managed by using a feature selection method capable of reducing the features space effectively. This work describes how to utilize the supervised topic model Labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation for feature selection, as well accelerating AdaBoost.MH learning for multi-label text categorization. The experimental results on three benchmarks demonstrated that using Labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation for feature selection improves and accelerates AdaBoost.MH and exceeds the performance of three existing methods.
On the Origin of Tibetans and Their Genetic Basis in Adapting High-Altitude Environments

Since their arrival in the Tibetan Plateau during the Neolithic Age, Tibetans have been well-adapted to extreme environmental conditions and possess genetic variation that reflect their living environment and migratory history. To investigate the origin of Tibetans and the genetic basis of adaptation in a rigorous environment, we genotyped 30 Tibetan individuals with more than one million SNP markers. Our findings suggested that Tibetans, together with the Yi people, were descendants of Tibeto-Burmans who diverged from ancient settlers of East Asia. The valleys of the Hengduan Mountain range may be a major migration route. We also identified a set of positively-selected genes that belong to functional classes of the embryonic, female gonad, and blood vessel developments, as well as response to hypoxia. Most of these genes were highly correlated with population-specific and beneficial phenotypes, such as high infant survival rate and the absence of chronic mountain sickness.
Effective Population Size Dynamics and the Demographic Collapse of Bornean Orang-Utans

Bornean orang-utans experienced a major demographic decline and local extirpations during the Pleistocene and Holocene due to climate change, the arrival of modern humans, of farmers and recent commercially-driven habitat loss and fragmentation. The recent loss of habitat and its dramatic fragmentation has affected the patterns of genetic variability and differentiation among the remaining populations and increased the extinction risk of the most isolated ones. However, the contribution of recent demographic events to such genetic patterns is still not fully clear. Indeed, it can be difficult to separate the effects of recent anthropogenic fragmentation from the genetic signature of prehistoric demographic events. Here, we investigated the genetic structure and population size dynamics of orang-utans from different sites. Altogether 126 individuals were analyzed and a full-likelihood Bayesian approach was applied. All sites exhibited clear signals of population decline. Population structure is known to generate spurious bottleneck signals and we found that it does indeed contribute to the signals observed. However, population structure alone does not easily explain the observed patterns. The dating of the population decline varied across sites but was always within the 200–2000 years period. This suggests that in some sites at least, orang-utan populations were affected by demographic events that started before the recent anthropogenic effects that occurred in Borneo. These results do not mean that the recent forest exploitation did not leave its genetic mark on orang-utans but suggests that the genetic pool of orang-utans is also impacted by more ancient events. While we cannot identify the main cause for this decline, our results suggests that the decline may be related to the arrival of the first farmers or climatic events, and that more theoretical work is needed to understand how multiple demographic events impact the genome of species and how we can assess their relative contributions.
Metaviz: interactive statistical and visual analysis of metagenomic data

Along with the survey techniques of 16S rRNA amplicon and whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, an array of tools exists for clustering, taxonomic annotation, normalization, and statistical analysis of microbiome sequencing results. Integrative and interactive visualization that enables researchers to perform exploratory analysis in this feature rich hierarchical data is an area of need. In this work, we present Metaviz, a web browser-based tool for interactive exploratory metagenomic data analysis. Metaviz can visualize abundance data served from an R session or a Python web service that queries a graph database. As metagenomic sequencing features have a hierarchy, we designed a novel navigation mechanism to explore this feature space. We visualize abundance counts with heatmaps and stacked bar plots that are dynamically updated as a user selects taxonomic features to inspect. Metaviz also supports common data exploration techniques, including PCA scatter plots to interpret variability in the dataset and alpha diversity boxplots for examining ecological community composition. The Metaviz application and documentation is hosted at http://www.metaviz. org.