Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why students plagiarise from the internet: The views and practices in three Norwegian upper secondary classrooms

In a two-part mixed methods study, internet-based plagiarism amongst Norwegian upper secondary students was measured and related to performance level and knowledge of source use. Subsequently, interviews were conducted to explore these students' views on internet access and plagiarism during essay writing. The quantitative part of the study showed that 75% of the 67 students in the study plagiarised from the online sources and that plagiarism accounted for 25% of the total amount of text. Students with a higher grade in written Norwegian plagiarised less than those with a lower grade. Further, students more familiar with the correct use of sources did not plagiarise as much as students with less awareness. In the qualitative part of the study, individual interviews with 29 of the students indicated that the students wanted to spend as little time and effort as possible on the task and a great majority of the students wanted internet access whether they judged this an obstacle to their learning or not. They also preferred to have free access to internet content regardless of its relevance to the essay, and plagiarism was chosen as a writing strategy regardless of whether or not it was acknowledged to be a moral problem. More proficient writers explained their use of the internet in a more sophisticated way than less proficient writers. With these findings in mind, the different potential consequences of internet access for proficient and less proficient writers are discussed. Finally, some suggestions for further research are put forward.
External and internal actions in the response of salamander retinal rods to altered external calcium concentration.

1. The membrane current was recorded from retinal rods isolated from Ambystoma tigrinum using the suction pipette and whole‐cell patch pipette techniques, while the concentration of calcium bathing the outer segment was rapidly reduced. 2. The increase in outer segment current induced by lowered external calcium in darkness could be resolved into two components, one as rapid as the time course of the solution change (as judged by the junction current) and the other somewhat slower. 3. Introduction of the calcium buffer BAPTA (1,2‐bis(o‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N ,N ,N' ,N'‐tetraacetic acid) into the cell from a patch pipette led to a progressive slowing of the second component of current increase. 4. When several minutes had elapsed following rupture of the patch, to allow a substantial amount of BAPTA into the cell (ca. 10 mM in the patch pipette), the second component was slowed by a factor of about 20‐fold, while the first component continued to have the same rapid time course as the solution change. 5. The rapid component is attributed to a direct effect of external calcium, Ca2+o, and the delayed component to an indirect effect mediated by a reduction in internal calcium, Ca2+i. 6. These results confirm that, in previous experiments in which BAPTA was introduced into photoreceptors, the internal calcium concentration was very significantly buffered. 7. When Ca2+o drops from 1 mM to less than 10(‐8) M, the rapid external component corresponds to an increase in circulating current of 3‐ to 4‐fold, and the internal component corresponds to an increase of at least 4‐ to 5‐fold. However, the total current at late times is limited by electrical factors, so that the size of the internal effect is bound to be considerably greater.
Prognosis of Childhood Epilepsy in Newly Referred Patients

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of childhood epilepsy and to analyze prognostic factors in addition to remission rate in a follow-up of newly referred patients. Two hundred eighty-one patients were followed for a mean period of 5.3 years. Overall, 253 patients (90%) achieved 1-year remission. The beginning of a 1-year seizure-free period was achieved in 77.9% by 1 year, in 84% by 2 years and in 88.6% by 3 years after onset of treatment. Early onset of seizures, symptomatic etiology, and neurologic handicap predicted a worse prognosis. In 44 of 253 children with complete suppression of seizures for 1 year, relapses occurred within the follow-up period. In one child with a relapse, remission could not be achieved in the 2nd year thereafter. In conclusion, our study shows a good prognosis for most children with epilepsy, especially in patients with idiopathic epilepsy and late onset of seizures and without neurologic dysfunction. Moreover, our data strongly suggest that the long-term pattern of seizure control is largely established during the first 2 years of treatment. (J Child Neurol 1996;11:201-204).
Designing a Quality Improvement Program With Electronic Health Records

Despite clear recommendations for identifying and intervening with smokers, clinical preventive practice is inconsistent in primary care. Use of electronic health records could facilitate improvement. Community health centers treating low-income and Medicaid recipients with greater smoking prevalence than the general population were recruited for a pilot program. Key design elements used to engage centers’ participation include designating a project champion at each organization, confirming ability to transmit data for reporting and participation, and offering money to facilitate initial engagement; however, financial incentives did not motivate all organizations. Other methods to elicit participation and to motivate practice change included building on centers’ previous experiences with similar programs, utilizing existing relationships with state cessation centers, and harnessing the “competitive” spirit—sharing both good news and areas for improvement to stimulate action. These experiences and observations may assist others in designing programs to improve clinical interventions with smokers.
Human-Multi-Robot Team Collaboration using Advising Agents: (Doctoral Consortium)

The number of multi-robot systems deployed in field applications has risen dramatically over the years. Nevertheless, the part of the human operator in these systems has been mostly overlooked. In this work we propose a novel approach for utilizing automated advising agents when assisting an operator to better manage a team of multiple robots in complex environments. We introduce an advice provision methodology and exemplify its implementation using automated advising agents in two real-world human-multi-robot team collaboration tasks: the Search And Rescue (SAR) task and the warehouse operation task. Our intelligent advising agents were evaluated through extensive field trials, with over 100 human operators and both simulated and physical mobile robots, and showed a significant improvement in the team's performance.
A qualidade dos relacionamentos interpessoais com os amigos: adaptação e validação do Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI) numa amostra de estudantes do ensino superior

EnglishThis study presents the Inventory of the Quality of the Interpersonal Relationships - friend�s version, an instrument constituted by 24 items distributed by 3 factors which explain 45.96% of the total variance and evaluate the dimensions of support (a=. 84), conflict (a=. 88) and depth (a=. 84). In the 255 university students inquired, support and depth in the relationship with their best friend positively correlates with general measures of social support and negatively correlates with loneliness. portuguesEste estudo apresenta o Inventario da Qualidade dos Relacionamentos Interpessoais - versao amigo, um instrumento composto por 24 itens distribuidos por 3 factores que explicam 45.96% da variancia total e que avaliam as dimensoes de Suporte (�? =.84), Conflito (�? =.88) e Profundidade (�? =.84). Nos 255 estudantes do ensino superior o Suporte e a Profundidade no relacionamento com o melhor amigo correlacionam-se positivamente com as medidas gerais de suporte social e negativamente com a solidao.
Association Between Duration of Resuscitation and Favorable Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Implications for Prolonging or Terminating Resuscitation

Background: Little evidence guides the appropriate duration of resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and case features justifying longer or shorter durations are ill defined. We estimated the impact of resuscitation duration on the probability of favorable functional outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using a large, multicenter cohort. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a North American, single-blind, multicenter, cluster-randomized, clinical trial (ROC-PRIMED [Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Prehospital Resuscitation Using an Impedance Valve and Early Versus Delayed]) of consecutive adults with nontraumatic, emergency medical services–treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Primary exposure was duration of resuscitation in minutes (onset of professional resuscitation to return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC] or termination of resuscitation). Primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge with favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] score of 0–3). Subjects were additionally classified as survival with unfavorable outcome (mRS score of 4–5), ROSC without survival (mRS score of 6), or without ROSC. Subject accrual was plotted as a function of resuscitation duration, and the dynamic probability of favorable outcome at discharge was estimated for the whole cohort and subgroups. Adjusted logistic regression models tested the association between resuscitation duration and survival with favorable outcome. Results: The primary cohort included 11 368 subjects (median age, 69 years [interquartile range, 56–81 years]; 7121 men [62.6%]). Of these, 4023 (35.4%) achieved ROSC, 1232 (10.8%) survived to hospital discharge, and 905 (8.0%) had an mRS score of 0 to 3 at discharge. Distribution of cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration differed by outcome (P<0.00001). For cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration up to 37.0 minutes (95% confidence interval, 34.9–40.9 minutes), 99% with an eventual mRS score of 0 to 3 at discharge achieved ROSC. The dynamic probability of an mRS score of 0 to 3 at discharge declined over elapsed resuscitation duration, but subjects with initial shockable cardiac rhythm, witnessed cardiac arrest, and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation were more likely to survive with favorable outcome after prolonged efforts (30–40 minutes). After adjustment for prehospital (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.92–0.95) and inpatient (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.99) covariates, resuscitation duration was associated with survival to discharge with an mRS score of 0 to 3. Conclusions: Shorter resuscitation duration was associated with likelihood of favorable outcome at hospital discharge. Subjects with favorable case features were more likely to survive prolonged resuscitation up to 47 minutes. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00394706.
Interleukins in Atherosclerosis: Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Potential

Interleukins are considered to be key players in the chronic vascular inflammatory response that is typical of atherosclerosis. Thus, the expression of proinflammatory interleukins and their receptors has been demonstrated in atheromatous tissue, and the serum levels of several of these cytokines have been found to be positively correlated with (coronary) arterial disease and its sequelae. In vitro studies have confirmed the involvement of various interleukins in pro-atherogenic processes, such as the up-regulation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, the activation of macrophages, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, studies in mice deficient or transgenic for specific interleukins have demonstrated that, whereas some interleukins are indeed intrinsically pro-atherogenic, others may have anti-atherogenic qualities. As the roles of individual interleukins in atherosclerosis are being uncovered, novel anti-atherogenic therapies, aimed at the modulation of interleukin function, are being explored. Several approaches have produced promising results in this respect, including the transfer of anti-inflammatory interleukins and the administration of decoys and antibodies directed against proinflammatory interleukins. The chronic nature of the disease and the generally pleiotropic effects of interleukins, however, will demand high specificity of action and/or effective targeting to prevent the emergence of adverse side effects with such treatments. This may prove to be the real challenge for the development of interleukin-based anti-atherosclerotic therapies, once the mediators and their targets have been delineated.
Tracking under the nonholonomic constraint using cubic navigation laws

This paper deals with the problem of mobile robot tracking an unpredictably moving target in the presence of obstacles. We suggest a new family of navigation laws that consists of cubic navigation functions. These laws depend on various external parameters that can be used to adjust the robot's path, especially to avoid collision with obstacles. The suggested method allows an easy combination between the global aspects of target tracking and the local aspects of obstacle avoidance. A method is suggested to tune and adjust the parameters of the navigation laws and derive a locally optimal path. The method is illustrated using an extensive simulation.
Vitellogenin induction and reduced serum testosterone concentrations in feral male carp (Cyprinus carpio) captured near a major metropolitan sewage treatment plant.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals can potentially alter the reproductive physiology of fishes. To test this hypothesis, serum was collected from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at five riverine locations in Minnesota. Male fish collected from an effluent channel below the St. Paul metropolitan sewage treatment plant had significantly elevated serum egg protein (vitellogenin) concentrations and significantly decreased serum testosterone concentrations compared to male carp collected from the St. Croix River, classified as a National Wild and Scenic River. Carp collected from the Minnesota River, which receives significant agricultural runoff, also exhibited depressed serum testosterone concentrations, but no serum vitellogenin was apparent. These data suggest that North American rivers are receiving estrogenic chemicals that are biologically active, as has been reported in Great Britain. ImagesFigure 1.Figure 2. AFigure 2. B
Role of interferon‐γ and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in intraocular tumor rejection

The eye is normally an immunosuppressive environment. This condition is better known as immune privilege and protects the eye from immune‐mediated inflammation of tissues that cannot regenerate. However, immune privilege creates a dilemma for the eye when intraocular neoplasms arise. In some cases, immune privilege is suspended, resulting in the immune rejection of intraocular tumors. This study employed a mouse model in which interferon‐γ–dependent intraocular tumor rejection occurs. We tested the hypothesis that this rejection requires interferon‐γ for the generation and functional capacity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte–mediated rejection of intraocular tumors. Tumors grew progressively in the eyes of interferon‐γ knockout mice, even though the mice generated tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in the periphery. However, interferon‐γ knockout mice rejected tumors that were introduced into extraocular sites. Subcutaneous tumor immunization before intraocular challenge led to tumor rejection and preservation of the eye in wild‐type mice. By contrast, tumors grew progressively in the eyes of interferon‐γ knockout mice despite their ability to generate peripheral tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as the capacity of CD8+ T cells to enter the eye as shown by the presence of CD8 and perforin message and CD3+CD8+ leukocytes within the tumor‐bearing eye. We found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in wild‐type mice and adoptively transferred into interferon‐γ knockout mice mediated the rejection of intraocular tumors in interferon‐γ knockout hosts. The results indicate that interferon‐γ is critical for the initial priming and differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes residing in the periphery to produce the most effect antitumor function within the eye.
Query-by-Shape interface for Content Based Image Retrieval

In this paper we describe Query-by-Shape, a new Content-Based Image Retrieval interface. In this method objects are decomposed into features, each feature may consist of a color, a texture or a shape attributes. The query stage consists of comparing the query objects graph with objects from the database. The main advantage of the proposed solution is the ability to query for an object without having full knowledge about it. The proposed interface allows creating graphically drawn queries using simple, predefined shapes. Moreover, the method is able to automatically detect image features and to create a graph used for the query. Because users sometimes would like to get results representing not only exactly the same class of objects, but also similar objects, thus as a result a set of objects, ordered according to the similarity to the query, are returned. The method was implemented as a prototype web-based application. The initial, experimental results proved that the method is very promising, it identifies objects with a high precision.
Classification of Regression Lines

The field of classification and allocation has a vast literature and many applications (Hand, 1997). Usual classification techniques are used for making descriptive clusters that consist of the similar objects which have in one sense common future vectors; then objects are basically represented the points in the d-dimensional future space. For example, the future vector is made up of such as sex, age, weight, and length. Note that changing the order of these futures count for nothing. The future vector {sex, age, weight, length} and its different order vector {length, weight, age, sex} are regarded as the same for usual classification. However, we sometimes confront with the problem in which the orders of observations are important. When one is interested in the process of memory failing, the observations of memory tests conducted on the pre-assigned time intervals cannot be exchanged in order. In this article we consider the problem of classification of regression lines. Fig. 1 is an example of the graphs of the memory test scores observed at 3 time points for 13 subjects.
The NMR Structure of Human Obestatin in Membrane-Like Environments: Insights into the Structure-Bioactivity Relationship of Obestatin

The quest for therapeutic applications of obestatin involves, as a first step, the determination of its 3D solution structure and the relationship between this structure and the biological activity of obestatin. On this basis, we have employed a combination of circular dichroism (CD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and modeling techniques to determine the solution structure of human obestatin (1). Other analogues, including human non-amidated obestatin (2) and the fragment peptides (6–23)-obestatin (3), (11–23)-obestatin (4), and (16–23)-obestatin (5) have also been scrutinized. These studies have been performed in a micellar environment to mimic the cell membrane (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS). Furthermore, structural-activity relationship studies have been performed by assessing the in vitro proliferative capabilities of these peptides in the human retinal pigmented epithelial cell line ARPE-19 (ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, Ki67 expression, and cellular proliferation). Our findings emphasize the importance of both the primary structure (composition and size) and particular segments of the obestatin molecule that posses significant α-helical characteristics. Additionally, details of a species-specific role for obestatin have also been hypothesized by comparing human and mouse obestatins (1 and 6, respectively) at both the structural and bioactivity levels.
Virtual memory primitives for user programs

Memory Management Units (MMUs) are traditionally used by operating systems to implement disk-paged virtual memory. Some operating systems allow user programs to specify the protection level (inaccessible, readonly, read-write) of pages, and allow user programs to handle protection violations, but these mechanisms are not always robust, e cient, or well-matched to the needs of applications. We survey several user-level algorithms that make use of page-protection techniques, and analyze their common characteristics, in an attempt to answer the question, \What virtual-memory primitives should the operating system provide to user processes, and how well do today's operating systems provide them? "
Combination of three classifiers with different architectures for handwritten word recognition

The study of multiple classifier systems has become an area of intensive research in pattern recognition recently. Also in handwriting recognition, systems combining several classifiers have been investigated. In this paper the combination of three classifiers for handwritten word recognition with different architectures is studied. In addition a new ensemble method working with several base classifiers is applied and the results of the ensemble method are compared to the results of the combination of the three classifiers. In the experiments a large-scale handwritten word recognition task is considered.
Collaborative Filtering Ensemble for Ranking

This paper provides the solution of the team "commendo" on the Track2 dataset of the KDD Cup 2011 Dror et al. Yahoo Labs provides a snapshot of their music-rating database as dataset for the competition, consisting of approximately 62 million ratings from 250k users on 300k items. The dataset includes hierachical information about the items. The goal of the competition is to distinguish beteen "High rated" and "Not rated" items of a user. The rating scale is discrete and ranges from 0 to 100, while a "High" rating is a rating≥80. The error measure is the percent of false rated tracks over all users, known as the fractions of misclassifications. The task is to minimize this error rate, hence the ranking should be optimized. Our final submission is a blend of different collaborative filtering algorithms enhanced, with basic statistics. The algorithms are trained consecutively and they are blended together with a neural network. Each of the algorithms optimizes a rank error measure.
Genomic Analysis of Phylotype I Strain EP1 Reveals Substantial Divergence from Other Strains in the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex

Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is a devastating group of phytopathogens with an unusually wide host range and broad geographical distribution. R. solanacearum isolates may differ considerably in various properties including host range and pathogenicity, but the underlying genetic bases remain vague. Here, we conducted the genome sequencing of strain EP1 isolated from Guangdong Province of China, which belongs to phylotype I and is highly virulent to a range of solanaceous crops. Its complete genome contains a 3.95-Mb chromosome and a 2.05-Mb mega-plasmid, which is considerably bigger than reported genomes of other R. solanacearum strains. Both the chromosome and the mega-plasmid have essential house-keeping genes and many virulence genes. Comparative analysis of strain EP1 with other 3 phylotype I and 3 phylotype II, III, IV strains unveiled substantial genome rearrangements, insertions and deletions. Genome sequences are relatively conserved among the 4 phylotype I strains, but more divergent among strains of different phylotypes. Moreover, the strains exhibited considerable variations in their key virulence genes, including those encoding secretion systems and type III effectors. Our results provide valuable information for further elucidation of the genetic basis of diversified virulences and host range of R. solanacearum species.