Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the drag of two-dimensional flow about a circular cylinder

The drag force experienced by a circular cylinder in a two-dimensional (2D) flow is investigated experimentally. Both horizontal and vertical soap film tunnels are used to set up the 2D flow with Reynolds numbers Re ranging from 35 to 560 (based on the diameter of the circular cylinder). Momentum defect measurements are used to obtain the time averaged drag coefficients, via laser Doppler velocimetry. It is found that the drag curve is in good agreement with the 2D computations of Henderson [Phys. Fluids 7, 2102 (1995)]. Two separate three-dimensional instabilities of the natural wake at Re≅180 and 260 are not observed in the present data. Flow visualization of the characteristic wake patterns behind a circular cylinder, as Reynolds number increases, is also presented.
Studying the phase diagram of dense and hot nuclear matter is one of the primary challenges facing quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at finite tempera

Studying the phase diagram of dense and hot nuclear matter is one of the primary challenges facing quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at finite tempera tures and densities. According to QCD, the behavior of hadron matter at low temperatures and densities should be characterized, on the one hand, by sponta neous chiral symmetry breaking and, on the other, by color confinement. The restoration of chiral symme try and deconfinement should be observed when tem perature and/or density are increased. According to the data derived from lattice calculations, a chiral
The effect of uniaxial stress on the thermal conductivity of p-Ge

Measurements have been made of the stress dependence of the thermal conductivity of seven samples of p-type germanium in the temperature range 1-4K. The data provide information on the static deformation potential of the ground state of the acceptors which agrees with previous values and confirms that the acceptor wavefunctions depart significantly from s-like character.
Soliton excitations in polyacetylene

A theoretical &n ~lysis of the excit ~tion spectrum of long-chain polyenes is presented. Because of the twofold degeneracy of the ground state of the dimerized ch ~in, element ary excit~tions corresponding to topological solitons «re obt ~ined. The solitons c'~n h'~ve three ch;urge st &tes g =0. + &. The neutral soliton h'~s spin one-h;~lf while the ch;urged solitons h;ive spin zero. One electronic state is loc'&lized;~t the g ip center for e;~ch soliton or &ntisoliton present. The soliton's energy of form ~tion, length, mass, activation energy for motion, ~nd electronic properties «re c calculated. These results «re compared with experiment.
MCP DETECTOR OF EUROPEAN XFEL An important task of the photon beam diagnostics at the European XFEL is providing reliable tools for measurements aiming at the search for and fine tuning

Diagnostic technique applied for FEL ultrashort electron bunches is developed at JINR DESY collaboration within the framework of the FLASH and XFEL projects. Photon diagnostics are based on cal orimetric measurements and detection of undulator radiation. The infrared undulator constructed at JINR and installed at FLASH is used for longitudinal bunch shape measurements and for two color lasing provided by the FIR and VUV undulators. The pump probe experiments with VUV and FIR undulators provide the bunch profile measurements with resolution of several femtosecond. The new three microchannel plates (MCP) detectors operated in X ray range are under development now in JINR for SASE1 SASE 3 European XFEL. DOI: 10.1134/S1547477116030080 PHYSICS AND TECHNIQUE OF ACCELERATORS
Initialization Concepts for Optimal Control of Hybrid Systems

Abstract Indirect methods solve optimal control problems for hybrid systems with high precision, but they are difficult to initialize. To overcome the initialization difficulties, two different concepts based on direct methods are presented. In the first approach, the hybrid optimal control problem is solved by a direct method until the precision is sufficient for a successful initialization of the indirect method. The second approach decomposes the hybrid optimal control problem into non-hybrid subproblems, where each subproblem can be initialized separately by a direct method. This results in a significantly higher robustness of the initialization compared to the first approach. However, the precision of the solution with the indirect method achieved in the first approach is higher. The two concepts are compared in a numerical example.
Approximate inference for the generalized gamma distribution

Methods of approximate conditional inference in location and scale parameter distributions, based on normal approximations to the distributions of signed square roots of likelihood ratio statistics, are discussed. These methods are applied to obtain approximate inference for the quantiles and scale parameter of the log generalized gamma distribution from uncensored samples, assuming that the index parameter of the distribution is known. As special cases, approximate inference in the extreme value and normal distributions from Type II censored samples is considered. The accuracy of the approximate methods for small samples is illustrated by comparison with exact results in some examples.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) response on increased drought and salinity in the vegetative phase

Environmental stress is a global threat to provide the world’s food. Drought and salinity are the main threats to agricultural land productivity. This is a challenge in implementing SDGs 2030 as well as an opportunity if we are able to use germplasm to overcome various environmental stresses. Research on 2 varieties of rice Inpari 42 agritan as a comparison variety and varieties Sigupai which is a local variety of Aceh originating from Abdya. This study used a 2x3x6 split plot design with 108 experimental units and 324 experimental pots. There is an interaction between varieties when salinity occurs and salinity level on the growth of rice plants in the vegetative phase and electrical conductivity in soil and water which shows different responses between the Inpari 42 Agritan variety and the Sigupai varieties. On the electrical conductivity of the Sigupai. variety, it was better able to reduce Ec at different levels of salinity and time of occurs in the vegetative phase. Meanwhile, Inpari 42 Agritan is more capable of increasing growth under conditions of increased salinity in the vegetative phase. The local variety Sigupai, the rate of growth reduction is also relatively low compared to that without salinity. This is an opportunity to deal with drought and salinity that can occur anytime and anywhere due to drought, water management and improper fertilization that can occur anywhere. It is a challenge to overcome drought and lowering salinity with the use of local varieties and appropriate agronomic practices.
The potential of dewaka banana stems as raw materials for bioethanol

Increasing production and consumption of fossil fuels encourage the use of renewable energy. Renewable energy that does not have the potential to disrupt the stability of the availability of other materials is the use of waste. One type of waste that has been researched into bioethanol is banana waste in the form of stems, leaves, skins, and weevil. Dewaka banana is one type of banana that grows in Merauke, has a large enough size so that it has the potential to produce a lot of waste and tastes sour. Dewaka banana production in 2019 was 7,087 tons and produced waste in the form of Dewaka banana stems as much as 28,546.96 tons. The water content of Dewaka banana stems is 93.42%, and taking into account the yield loss of ± 10%, there will be 1,690.55 tons of dry waste. The amount of waste can produce 148,092.27 liters of bioethanol in a year based on the best research results from Roni, et al. Dewaka banana stems can be processed and reused into bioethanol as an alternative energy raw material.
Computational Modeling of Stress-Wave-Induced Martensitic Phase Transformations in NiTi

Computational simulations based on time-dependent Ginzburg—Landau equations are used to model martensitic phase transformations induced in pressure-shear plate impact experiments. Symmetric impact experiments on polycrystalline NiTi plates, and so-called “sandwich impact” experiments on thin polycrystalline NiTi foils sandwiched between two hard plates, are simulated by characterizing each grain as a three-dimensional finite element that can transform to twinned martensite involving twenty-four habit plane variants. The threshold stress at which the transformation occurs is obtained from the amplitude of the leading shear wave in the symmetric impact experiments. The kinetic coefficient in the Ginzburg—Landau equation is obtained by matching the risetime of the transverse particle velocity in the sandwich impact experiments. These simulations highlight the importance of including the effects of self-accommodation in which clusters of several habit plane variants nucleate and grow simultaneously to reduce the constraining effect of the surrounding material.
A Paper-Based Microfluidic Switch Based on Surface Acoustic Wave

A new paper-based microfluidic switch activated by surface acoustic wave (SAW) was presented. The switch was comprised of two folded paper microchannels and an unfolded paper microchannel. One of the folded paper microchannels was connected with the unfolded paper microchannel. Two interdigital transducers (IDTs) and two reflectors were fabricated on 128° yx-LiNbO3 substrate using microelectrical technology. When an amplified RF signal was applied to the IDTs, a droplet on the piezoelectric substrate was actuated to the unfolded paper microchannel by SAW. Folded angle of a folded paper microchannel was increased and connected with the other folded paper microchannel to implement ‘on’ function of the microfluidic switch. The switch was examined using red dye solution microfluids and mixed indicating solution of 330 mmol/L Citric acidmonohydrate, 10 mmol/L N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and 50 mmol/L Sulfanilamide. The presented switch is valuable for programmable paper-based microfluidic device for multiple sample analyses.
Use of the Chow Test under Heteroscedasticity

the assumption of equality of variances of error terms between two separate sample regimes. It is shown that the test is well behaved when there are variations of variances if at least one of two sample sizes is very large. However, if two samples are of small size, even moderate heteroscedasticity has considerable effect on the level of significance of the test. In what follows, it is assumed that T1 samples belong to the first regime and T2 samples to the second regime; subcripts 1 and 2 denote the first and the second regimes, respectively. Consider the regression model
Estimating nodal attractions with exogenous spatial interaction and impedance data using the gravity model

Abstract. Unlike the conventional calibration of a gravity model in which nodal attractions are treated exogenously, this study treats the attraction of a node as an endogenous composite indicator of many contributing factors associated with the node and estimates the nodal attraction based upon exogenous spatial interaction (flow) and impedance data. An algebraic method is developed for the general $N\times N$ O-D matrix and applied to a hypothetical $5\times 5$ O-D flow case. A theoretical discussion of utilizing regression to estimate the contributing factors of nodal attractions is also presented.
Unified theory of near-field analysis and measurement: Scattering and inverse scattering

The many scanning procedures of the author's unified theory of near-field analysis and measurement are applied to the determination of complex bistatic scattering patterns of scalar and electromagnetic systems, both with and without correction for the patterns of the probes, one of which may be a compact range. For high accuracy, both the incident and scattered fields are expressed as linear combinations of exact solutions of the differential equations involved (Maxwell's in the electromagnetic cases). For high efficiency, natural orthogonalities with respect to summation are used to decouple the simultaneous equations expressing the measurements in terms of the desired pattern coefficients, implemented by the highly efficient fast Fourier transform as an approximation-free symmetry decomposition. The scanning procedures include spherical, a new, more accurate, more efficient type of plane polar, and many types of plane rectangular, plane radial, and circular cylindrical. All these results are expressed with a single notation and generally applicable equations, based upon symmetry analysis and relativistic invariances. The full apparatus of group representations is applied to reducing the measurement and computational effort, determining symmetries from scattering patterns, and determining Garbacz and singularity expansion method (SEM) modes. Further, Snell's laws, Fresnel's law, and conservation of momenta (e.g., propagation constants) are explained in terms of relativistic invariances.
Rwanda Mice Strategy and Its Influence on the Tourism Industry. Case Study of Rwanda Convention Bureau

The MICE sector is one of the more rapidly growing market segments of Rwanda and this aroused the interest of researchers to investigate its performance and promotion in Rwanda. The study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The population of this research was 100 respondents and the total sample size was 80 though after editing and coding, only 75 questionnaires were found to be valid. The study used convenience and purposive sampling. Both primary and secondary data sources were applied in the study including documentation, questionnaire, and interviews. The study revealed the enablers of MICE tourism development in Rwanda to be good infrastructure, cleanliness of Rwanda (e.g., Kigali city), zero tolerance to corruption, adequate security, and stability of the country, among others. The strategy Rwanda is using to attract delegates to choose Rwanda were; top leaders’ negotiations at international forums, zero tolerance to corruption, being a reliable and safe destination for MICE events, strengthening “remarkable Rwanda”, and visiting Rwanda Campaigns, among others. The influence of MICE tourism on the economy of Rwanda includes generating local employment, branding Rwanda, developing small and medium enterprises. The challenges identified were; limited or lack of facilities for special needs delegates, inadequate training for service providers, few ceremonies, and events etc. The study concluded by recommending RCB and the government to involve private sectors in event organisation/management, training the taxi men and night cab men how to deal with delegates, and good and reliable government policy that eases delegates’ movement in and out of Rwanda, more infrastructure in term of accommodation and big venue capacity to enhance to host 10,000 delegates
Green credit and market expansion strategy of high pollution enterprises—Evidence from China

This paper uses the Difference-in-Differences method to test the impact of the promulgation of Green Credit Guidelines, a market-oriented environmental regulation, on the enterprise market expansion strategy, based on the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2015. We find that the promulgation of Green Credit Guidelines significantly inhibited the market expansion strategy of high pollution enterprises. Two channels through which the Green Credit Guidelines affect the market expansion strategies of high polluters are increasing the cost of financing and promoting green R&D. Heterogeneity analysis finds that the impact of Green Credit Guidelines on the market expansion of highly polluting enterprises is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises without equity incentive. Further analysis shows that the promulgation of Green Credit Guidelines damages the corporate image and profitability of high polluting enterprises, but it doesn’t increase the risk of high polluting enterprises. The results of this research could help relevant government departments to formulate practical environmental regulations and promote sustainable economic development.
Association between microbial composition, diversity, and function of the maternal gastrointestinal microbiome with impaired glucose tolerance on the glucose challenge test

Over the last two decades, the incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM) has almost doubled resulting in almost 9% of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Occurring more frequently than GDM is impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), also known as pre-diabetes, but it has been understudied during pregnancy resulting in a lack of clinical recommendations of maternal and fetal surveillance. The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to examine the association between microbial diversity and function of the maternal microbiome with IGT while adjusting for confounding variables. We hypothesized that reduced maternal microbial diversity and increased gene abundance for insulin resistance function will be associated with IGT as defined by a value greater than 140 mg/dL on the glucose challenge test. In the examination of microbial composition between women with IGT and those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), we found five taxa which were significantly different. Taxa higher in participants with impaired glucose tolerance were Ruminococcacea (p = 0.01), Schaalia turicensis (p<0.05), Oscillibacter (p = 0.03), Oscillospiraceae (p = 0.02), and Methanobrevibacter smithii (p = 0.04). When we further compare participants who have IGT by their pre-gravid BMI, five taxa are significantly different between the BMI groups, Enterobacteriaceae, Dialister micraerophilus, Campylobacter ureolyticus, Proteobacteria, Streptococcus Unclassified (species). All four metrics including the Shannon (p<0.00), Simpson (p<0.00), Inverse Simpson (p = 0.04), and Chao1 (p = 0.04), showed a significant difference in alpha diversity with increased values in the impaired glucose tolerance group. Our study highlights the important gastrointestinal microbiome changes in women with IGT during pregnancy. Understanding the role of the microbiome in regulating glucose tolerance during pregnancy helps clinicians and researchers to understand the importance of IGT as a marker for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Ultra-thin layer chromatography and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy on silver nanorod array substrates prepared by oblique angle deposition

We demonstrate the potential use of silver nanorod (AgNR) array substrates for on-chip separation and detection of chemical mixtures by ultra-thin layer chromatography (UTLC) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The capability of the AgNR substrates to separate different compounds in a mixture was explored using a mixture of the food colorant Brilliant Blue FCF and lactic acid, and the mixtures of Methylene Violet and BSA at various concentrations. After the UTLC process, spatially-resolved SERS spectra were collected along the mobile phase development direction and the intensities of specific SERS peaks from each component were used to generate chromatograms. The AgNR substrates demonstrate the capability of separating Brilliant Blue from lactic acid, as well as revealing the SERS signal of Methylene Violet from the massive BSA background after a simple UTLC step. This technique may have significant practical implications in actual detection of small molecules from complex food or clinical backgrounds.
A method based on 3D affine alignment for the quantification of palatal expansion

Introduction The current methodologies to quantify the palatal expansion are based on a preliminary rigid superimposition of 3D digital models representing the status of a given patient at different times. A new method based on affine alignment is proposed and compared to the gold standard, leading to the automatic analysis of 3-dimensional structural changes and to a simple numeric quantification of overall expansion vector and a better alignment of the digital models. Materials and methods 40 digital models (timing span delta 25.8 ± 12.5 months) from young patients (mean age 10.7 ± 2.6) treated with two different palatal expansion techniques (20 subjects with RME—Rapid Maxillary Expander, and 20 subjects with NiTiSE, NiTi self-expander) were superimposed with the new affine alignment technique implemented as an extension package of the open-source MeshLab, from a golden standard starting point of rigid alignment. The results were then compared. Results The new measurement function indicates a mean expansion expressed in a single numeric value of 9.3%, 10.3% for the RME group and 8.4% for the NiTiSE group respectively. The comparison with the golden standard showed a decrease to the average error from 0.91 mm to 0.58 mm. Conclusions Affine alignment improves the current perspective of structural change quantification in the specific group of growing patients treated with palatal expanders giving the clinician useful information on the 3-dimensional morphological changes.
Patient-Centered Communication (PCC) scale: Psychometric analysis and validation of a health survey measure

Introduction Patient-centered communication (PCC) is one important component of patient-centered care and seen as a goal for most clinical encounters. Previous research has shown that higher PCC is related to an increase in healthy behaviors and less morbidity, among other outcomes. Given its importance, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) commissioned a monograph in 2007 to synthesize the existing literature on PCC and determine measurement objectives and strategies for measuring this construct, with a particular focus on cancer survivors. Based on this effort, a seven-item PCC scale was included on the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a probability-based survey of the US adult population. This study used HINTS data collected in 2018 to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PCC scale for the general US adult population including measures of reliability and validity. Results Through an exploratory factor analysis, the seven-item PCC scale was shown to be unidimensional with good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .92). A confirmatory factor analysis verified the factor structure. Other construct validity metrics included known groups and discriminant validity. Known group comparisons were conducted for several sociodemographic factors and health self-efficacy confirming a priori assumptions. Discriminant validity tests with measures of social support and anxiety/depression showed relatively weak associations. Conclusions The psychometric properties of this scale demonstrate its scientific utility for both surveillance research and other smaller-scale studies. Given its association with many health outcomes, it can also be used to better understand the dynamics in a clinical encounter.