Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologic Survey on Lung Cancer with Respect to Cigarette Smoking and Plant Diet1

This case‐control study of lung cancer was based on a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey of inpatients at 5 general hospitals in Okinawa, Japan, from 1982 to 1987. The purpose of the study was to clarify the relations of lung cancer to cigarette smoking and plant diet. Ingestion frequencies of 17 major dietary plants and/or herbs were obtained by means of a questionnaire interview. As eligible subjects for a case‐control analysis, there were 673 respondents aged over 30 years with clear smoking history, age, sex and diagnosis. Psychiatric patients were excluded. Odds ratios of newly diagnosed lung cancer were calculated by the Mantel‐Haenszel procedure. A pair consisted of a case and two controls which were selected randomly by using multivariate caliper matching. Sixty‐four pairs matched for age (±5) and sex showed a significantly high odds ratio of 2.9 (P< 0.0005). However, three male groups who were categorized by the number of cigarettes smoked did not exhibit dose‐dependency of lung cancer on smoking. Lung cancer was more prevalent in ex‐smokers than in current smokers. Case‐control analyses by male generations revealed that lung cancer incidence was age‐dependent, and there was a clear dose‐response relationship between smoking and lung cancer in males in their sixties. A case‐control analysis of each of 17 edible plants based on 44 pairs who were matched for age (±5), sex and smoking history demonstrated that the odds ratio of aloe (Aloe arborescens Millvar. natalensis Berger) was 0.5 (P<0.1), suggesting that the aloe may prevent human carcinogenesis at various sites.
The Expression of ERCC1, RRM1, and BRCA1 in Breast Cancer According to the Immunohistochemical Phenotypes

We studied the expression of BRCA1, ERCC1, and RRM1 which play an important role in DNA repair systems in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining for EGFR, BRCA1, ERCC1, and RRM1 were performed by using a tissue microarray made from 230 breast cancer patients. Patients were classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER-2, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) types according to ER, PR, and HER-2 expression. The expression of ERCC1, RRM1, and BRCA1 were correlated (P < 0.05). The expression level of ERCC1 was the lowest in TNBC type (P = 0.031), ERCC1 negativity was more prominent in TNBC and luminal B groups than luminal A and HER-2 groups (P = 0.013). Cases with EGFR overexpression showed high expression of RRM1 and BRCA1 (P = 0.046, and 0.004, respectively). In conclusion, the expression of ERCC1 is particularly lower in TNBCs than other types of breast cancers.
The Eect of Temporary In-work Support on Employment Retention: Evidence from a Eld Experiment *

A recent experimental programme for unemployed welfare recipients in the UK found that temporary earnings supplements combined with post-employment services led to increased employment rates. This paper examines whether these overall impacts are due to employment entry or employment retention e ects. Findings from a multivariate mixed proportional hazards model suggest that entry e ects dominated initially but that longer-term impacts were primarily due to increased retention. This retention e ect persisted beyond the operational period of the programme and was evident even after controlling for the e ect of employment experience.
Minimum-age drinking laws and youth suicide, 1970-1990.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) and suicides among youths aged 18 to 20 years. METHODS The study used pooled cross-sectional time-series data on youth suicide and the MLDA for the 48 contiguous states in the United States from 1970 to 1990. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between MLDA and youth suicide. RESULTS A significant association exists between MLDA and youth suicide. Between 1970 and 1990, the suicide rate of 18- to 20-year-old youths living in states with an 18-year MLDA was 8% higher than the suicide rate among 18- to 20-year-old youths in states with a 21-year MLDA (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS MLDA is associated not only with the motor-vehicle death rate among youths but also with the rate of youth suicide. We estimate that lowering the drinking age from 21 to 18 years in all states could increase the number of suicides in the 18- to 20-year-old population by approximately 125 each year.
Changes in lipid metabolism and capillary density of the skeletal muscle following low-intensity exercise training in a rat model of obesity with hyperinsulinemia

Although exercise is effective in improving obesity and hyperinsulinemia, the exact influence of exercise on the capillary density of skeletal muscles remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity exercise training on metabolism in obesity with hyperinsulinemia, focusing specifically on the capillary density within the skeletal muscle. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats were used as animal models of obesity with hyperinsulinemia, whereas Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats served as controls (no obesity, no hyperinsulinemia). The animals were randomly assigned to either non-exercise or exercise groups (treadmill running for 60 min/day, for 4 weeks). The exercise groups were further divided into subgroups according to training mode: single bout (60 min, daily) vs. multiple bout (three bouts of 20 min, daily). Fasting insulin levels were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO rats. Among OLETF rats, there were no significant differences in fasting glucose levels between the exercise and the non-exercise groups, but the fasting insulin levels were significantly lower in the exercise group. Body weight and triacylglycerol levels in the liver were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO rats; however, among OLETF rats, these levels were significantly lower in the exercise than in the non-exercise group. The capillary-to-fiber ratio of the soleus muscle was significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO rats; however, among OLETF rats, the ratio was lower in the exercise group than in the non-exercise group. No significant differences in any of the studied parameters were noted between the single-bout and multiple-bout exercise training modes among either OLETF or LETO rats. These results suggest that low-intensity exercise training improves insulin sensitivity and fatty liver. Additionally, the fact that attenuation of excessive capillarization in the skeletal muscle of OLETF rats was accompanied by improvement in increased body weight.
Disturbance of the Cell Cycle with Colchicine Enhances the Growth Advantage of Diethylnitrosamine‐initiated Hepatocytes in Rats

The effect of cell cycle disturbance due to colchicine on the induction of enzyme‐altered foci during liver regeneration in rats was studied. For initiation, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at a dose of 10 mg/ kg was injected intraperitoneally and partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed 4 h thereafter. Colchicine at doses of 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 1 and 3 days after the initiation, followed by application of selection pressure consisting of 2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. As end point lesions, γ–glutamyltransferase (GGT)‐positive enzyme‐altered foci were assayed at week 5. There was no significant effect of colchicine on numbers of foci. However, a significant, dose‐dependent increase in the area of GGT‐positive lesions in the groups treated with colchicine was observed. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling indices were higher in foci induced in colchicine‐treated rats than in the untreated rats. In a separate experiment, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase was not increased significantly after DEN and colchicine treatment, and the mitotic index at 6 days after PH was increased in the liver of colchicine‐treated rats. These results suggest that the cell cycle disturbance induced by colchicine causes more pronounced selective growth of cells initiated by DEN and colchicine, and this experimental model may be useful for analyzing the mechanisms underlying that growth advantage and the effects of cell cycle abnormalities in liver carcinogenesis.
Content-Aware Proactive Caching for Backhaul Offloading in Cellular Network

Proactive caching is considered a cost-effective method to address the backhaul bottleneck problem in cellular network. In this paper, we propose a novel popularity predicting–caching procedure that takes raw video data as an input to determine an optimal cache placement policy, which deals with both published and unpublished videos. To anticipate the popularity of unpublished videos of which the statistical information is not available, we apply the content-based approach by extracting and condensing video features into a high-dimensional vector. Subsequently, we form $G$ clusters of features representing the potential video categories (VCs) and map the feature vector into a $G$ -dimensional space, where each element indicates the percentage to which the video contains the features of the corresponding VC. Finally, we train a prediction model to foresee the popularity, where the set of published videos is used as training data. Last, the prediction with expert advice method is used to update the training set, and to gain insight into how the predictor output will deviate from the best expert prediction, we address the concept of expected cumulative loss and derive the analytical expression for its upper bound. Extensive simulation results are shown to gain insight into our proposed system subject to different factors, such as network size, cache capacity, and user’s preference profile. In summary, we show that applying intelligence-based content-aware proactive caching is an efficient approach to significantly improving the operation of cellular networks in the future.
Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre Quantitative Research in Taxation – Discussion Papers

This paper analyzes whether taxation has an influence on the location decisions of multinational enterprises. As a tax measure, we employ a novel measure of tax attractiveness, the Tax Attractiveness Index. This index covers 18 different tax factors, such as the taxation of dividends and capital gains, withholding taxes, the existence of a group taxation regime, and thin capitalization rules. Our count data regression analysis is based on a novel hand-collected data set consisting of the subsidiaries of German DAX30 companies in 97 countries. Controlling for non-tax effects, we find that a country’s tax environment as measured by the Tax Attractiveness Index has a significantly positive effect on the number of German-controlled subsidiaries located there. Hence, our study implies that location decisions depend on a bundle of tax factors as captured by the index. In a second step, we show that the location decisions of German DAX30 companies cannot be explained by the statutory tax rate alone. In contrast, withholding taxes, double tax treaty networks, and special holding regimes seem to play a decisive role in location decisions. Previous studies examining only the influence of statutory tax rates may thus have underestimated the effects of taxation on the activities of multinational companies and suffer from omitted variable bias.
Supplemental Figure S1

transfected with FLAG-tagged wild-type ERα or ERα deletion mutants (ΔF, ΔA, ΔAB, ΔABC, ΔABCD). 48 h hours after transfection, cells were lysed and Ku70 was immunoprecipitated with anti-Ku70. The lysates (upper panel) and immunoprecipitates (IP) (lower panel) were immunoblotted (IB) with anti-Flag M2 antibody. Supplemental Figure S2. In vitro phosphorylation assay. Flag-tagged ER  was expressed in COS-7 cells and immunoprecipitated with anti-Flag antibody. The precipitate was incubated with DNA-PK protein (0.5 μg) and DNA (1 μg).
Evidence that Expression of a Mutated p53 Gene Attenuates Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Gastric Intestinal‐type Carcinomas in vivo

To examine in vivo the validity of the results of experiments in vitro, we analyzed the relationship between p53 gene status and apoptotic cell death of human gastric intestinal‐type adenocarcinomas. Surgical specimens were classified into two categories: 18 gastric cancers with nuclear p53 protein (A), and 17 gastric cancers without nuclear p53 protein (B). Polyraerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism disclosed a shifted band that corresponded to a mutation in the p53 gene in 13 cases (72%) in category A and 3 cases (18%) in category B, the frequency being significantly higher in the former (P<0.05). Apoptotic cells were identified from routinely stained sections and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). The TUNEL index [TI: (the number of TUNEL‐positive apoptotic cells/the total number of tumor cells) X100] was 3.8 ±1.4% in category A and 4.9 ±1.2% in category B, the value being significantly lower in the former (P< 0.05). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index, defined similarly to the TI, was 56.4±16.3% in category A, and it was significantly higher than that in category B (P<0.05). The immunohistochemically detected expression of P21CIP1/WAF1 did not differ between the two categories, while Bax‐positive tumor cells were more frequently detected in category A. These results indicate that (1) expression of a mutated p53 gene attenuates apoptotic cell death of gastric cancer, in accordance with the previous in vitro finding that p53 gene mutation provides a possible selective advantage for tumor cell proliferation, and (2) apoptosis is related not only to expression of p53 and the stage of the cell cycle, but also to p53‐independent and cell cycle‐independent events.
Recent advances in managing and understanding uveitis

Uveitis is a sight-threatening disease entity with intraocular inflammation that arises from various causes. It mainly affects working-age individuals and may lead to irreversible visual loss if not treated properly in a timely manner. This article reviews recent advances in the management and understanding of uveitis since 2014, including treatment with new immunosuppressive therapies that use biological agents, local therapy with steroid implants, and imaging studies for the evaluation of uveitis.
1 Numerical Study on the Dynamic Behavior of a 2 Francis Turbine Runner Model with a Crack 3

The crack in the blade is the most common type of fatigue damage for Francis turbines. 11 However, the crack sometimes is difficult to be detected in time using the current monitoring system 12 even when the crack is very large. To better monitor the crack, it is imperative to research the effect 13 of a crack on the dynamic behavior of a Francis turbine. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a 14 Francis turbine runner model with a crack was researched numerically. The intact numerical model 15 was first validated by the experimental data available. Then, a crack was created at the intersection 16 line between one blade and the crown. The change in dynamic behavior with increasing crack length 17 was investigated. Crack-induced vibration localization theory was used to explain the dynamic 18 behavior changes due to the crack. Modal analysis showed that the adopted theory could basically 19 explain the modal behavior change due to the crack. The FFT results of the modal shapes and the 20 localization factors (LF) were used to explain the forced response changes due to the crack. Based 21 on the above analysis, the challenge of crack monitoring was analyzed. This research can also 22 provide some references for more advanced monitoring technologies. 23
Investigating the Use of a Dynamic Physical Bar Chart for Data Exploration and Presentation

Physical data representations, or data physicalizations, are a promising new medium to represent and communicate data. Previous work mostly studied passive physicalizations which require humans to perform all interactions manually. Dynamic shape-changing displays address this limitation and facilitate data exploration tasks such as sorting, navigating in data sets which exceed the fixed size of a given physical display, or preparing “views” to communicate insights about data. However, it is currently unclear how people approach and interact with such data representations. We ran an exploratory study to investigate how non-experts made use of a dynamic physical bar chart for an open-ended data exploration and presentation task. We asked 16 participants to explore a data set on European values and to prepare a short presentation of their insights using a physical display. We analyze: (1) users' body movements to understand how they approach and react to the physicalization, (2) their hand-gestures to understand how they interact with physical data, (3) system interactions to understand which subsets of the data they explored and which features they used in the process, and (4) strategies used to explore the data and present observations. We discuss the implications of our findings for the use of dynamic data physicalizations and avenues for future work.
Immunochemical and Immunohistological Analyses of Tumor‐associated Antigens Defined by Murine Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells

Two murine monoclonal antibodies, SK‐930 (isotype IgG2a) and SK‐117 (isotype IgG1), were produced from spleen cells of mice immunized against human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, MIA‐PaCa 2 and Panc‐1. With the use of the avidin‐biotin‐immunoperoxidase technique, the SK‐930 and SK‐117 antibodies detected an antigen found in 24 and 23 formalin‐fixed tissue sections, respectively, of tumors obtained from 30 different patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Reactivity was also frequently found with tumors of the gallbladder, bile duct, stomach, colon and esophagus, while a large panel of normal human tissues, including normal pancreatic tissues, displayed little reactivity. These observations suggest that SK‐930 and SK‐117 are of value in identifying tumor‐associated antigen (TAA) expressed in pancreatic carcinoma and other carcinomas of the digestive system. SK‐930 antibody immunoprecipitated a 134 kilodalton molecule from extracts of 125I‐ or [35S]methionine‐ or [3H]glucosamine‐labeled tumor cells. The SK‐117‐defined antigen corresponds to 152/137 kilodalton molecules. Moreover, cytofluorometric analyses showed that cells treated with periodic acid exhibited greatly decreased reactivity to the two antibodies, but cells treated with neuraminidase, trypsin or pronase showed unchanged reactivity. The findings suggest that the epitopes of the novel TAA expressed on pancreatic carcinoma cells are carbohydrate moieties.
Risk assessment methods for life cycle costing in buildings

Purpose. There has been a growing consciousness of the significance of considering the costs of buildings and of developing financial methods to evaluate the life cycle costs (LCC) of buildings in use. Before any decision to invest capital in a building project or existing infrastructure is taken, it is essential that all corporate occupants and stakeholders in the policymaking practice are fully aware of the risks that are inherent as any LCC estimate will always involve a degree of risk exposure.Design/methodology/approach. Questionnaire survey to 120 construction professionals was used to gauge the current level of awareness, usage and advocated benefits of risk assessment methods in LCC. The questionnaire comprised three main sections each exploring different parts of the research question.Findings. The key findings of the statistical analysis indicated that there is a low awareness and usage of risk assessment methods and four factors were the most advocated benefits of its application to corporate occupiers and decision makers. This study fills the gap in the existing knowledge by addressing concerns over risk assessment to improve the confidence in LCC.Research limitations/implications. Although the data used in this paper was from professionally qualified members of either the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) and the British Institute for Facilities Management (BIFM), the research is limited in some ways in that it does not cover all the professionals in the construction industry. Nevertheless, all the professionals who responded to the questionnaire have up-to-date level of awareness of risk assessment methods in life cycle costing.Practical implications. As a result of growing awareness of whole life costing among corporate occupants and facilities managers in contemporary building projects, precise assessment of cost is a challenging undertaking as it consists of some measure of risk with regards to the running and maintenance costs during the entire life of the buildings. Thus, the existence of considerable improbability and doubt regarding cost and time evidence of an LCC study would have mind blowing implications on final results and consequently have minute bearing on subsequent decisions made by corporate occupiers.Social implications. Value for money for construction products and its facilities should not be viewed only in terms of costs to design and construction. Rather, it is vital for corporate occupants and society in general to consider other key variables such as operations, maintenance, renovation, replacement, and end of life costs.Originality/value. This paper contributes with new outlooks aimed at assessing the current level of awareness, usage and advocated benefits of risk assessment methods in LCC and adds to the limited empirical studies on risk assessment to corporate occupants and decision makers.
Exploring the Fit Between Business Strategy and Business Model : Implications for Firm Performance *

We examine the fit between a firm's product market strategy and its business model. We develop a formal model in order to analyze the contingent effects of product market strategy and business model choices on firm performance. We investigate a unique, manually collected dataset, and find that novelty-centered business models—coupled with product market strategies that emphasize differentiation, cost leadership, or early market entry—can enhance firm performance. Our data suggest that business model and product market strategy are complements, not substitutes.
Increased Midkine Gene Expression in Human Gastrointestinal Cancers

Midkine (MK) is a product of a retinoic acid‐responsive gene, and is a novel growth differentiation factor. We examined the expression of the MK gene in specimens of 47 surgically removed human carcinomas of the gastrointestinal organs, namely, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, pancreatic, esophageal, ampullary duodenal and bile duct carcinomas. In most cases, the MK mRNA level was higher in cancer specimens than in the corresponding non‐cancerous tissues. Furthermore, MK mRNA was more highly expressed in the colon adenocarcinoma lesion than in the adenoma lesions, in the two familial polyposis cases. While MK mRNA was not detected in the normal liver, it became detectable in cirrhotic tissues in 2 of 4 cases, and its expression was increased in the cancerous tissues. Thus, the increase of MK mRNA level is a phenomenon seen in many human gastrointestinal carcinomas. The increased expression of the MK gene in gastric carcinoma was significantly more prominent in well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas than in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and signet ring cell carcinomas.