Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Authoritarianism, Democracy and Psychiatric Reform in Argentina, 1943-83

From 1955 through the early 1970s a group of Argentine psychiatrists, influenced by psychoanalysis and the mental health movement, and supported by military and civilian governments alike, began attempts to transform psychiatric care by replacing large asylums with day hospitals, general hospital clinics and therapeutic communities. Their goals included integrating psychiatry into the mainstream of medicine, improving medical and social services to patients, improving the relationship between doctors and patients, and eliminating patients' social isolation. The military coup of March 1976 ushered in a period of unchecked repression and led to the evaporation of what had often been a tenuous alliance between progressive psychiatry and the state.
Partnership and process in the maritime construction industry

The authors provide a case study of a partnership agreement in the Tyneside maritime construction industry. They focus on the role of trade unions and the complex tensions that emerge between regional and local officials and workplace representatives. They argue that agreements can only be understood within the context of existing employee relations structures. Their conclusion suggests that the agreement had little impact on a “branch plant” of a national company and that it was often received with hostility and little commitment. As a consequence the partnership became a symbolic agreement with potential significance for external customers but no role in shaping workplace employee relations.
¿Cuales son los determinantes de la demanda de seguros agricolas en Italia?

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los factores que influyen principalmente a la hora de suscribir una poliza de seguro sobre los cultivos en Italia. Utilizando los datos de la muestra de la Red Contable Agraria Italiana (RICA) y un modelo logit para el analisis econometrico. La elevada concentracion de las polizas, sobre todo de las grandes empresas, invita a reflexionar sobre el papel de la intervencion publica en la gestion del riesgo en la agricultura y a reconsiderar el valor “social” de la misma, por lo menos en su forma actual.
Design and Modeling of a Slow-Wave 260 GHz Tripler

The extended-interaction klystron frequency multiplier with a hollow electron beam has been studied numerically as a source of subterahertz radiation with controlled phase. The designs of electrodynamic and electro-optical systems are discussed for the frequency tripler with an output frequency of 260 GHz. The simulations of electron-wave interaction take into account the electron velocity spread, beam interception by a slow-wave structure, and the space charge effects. According to simulations, a two-cavity frequency tripler fed by a 1 W input signal at 86.67 GHz can deliver a maximum output power of about 15 W at a frequency of 260 GHz with a 90 MHz bandwidth (FWHM). Such a device is aimed to pulsed methods of the dynamic nuclear polarization in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Counter-Cyclical Economic Policy

What changes are needed to make counter-cyclical economic policy more effective in the aftermath of the recent crisis? An important lesson from the severity of the recent recession is that policy in various areas will have to be more prudent during upswings and to build in greater safety margins to be able to react to large adverse shocks. In the period leading up to the crisis, cycles became more synchronised, while asset prices became more volatile. Recent events also underline the difficulties encountered in detecting and reacting to asset price misalignments. The confluence of the turn in asset prices, financial market crisis and slump in trade challenged the ability of counter-cyclical policies to cope with the severe downturn, although experience reveals that countries where the fiscal position was sound and inflation under control were better able to cushion the shocks. Furthermore, robust micro-prudential regulation can help the financial sector withstand shocks. In this light, existing policies should be strengthened to ensure that there is room for manoeuvre going into a downturn. In order to deal with similar shocks in the future, macroeconomic and financial sector policies should consider precautionary policy settings and macro-prudential regulation to address systemic threats to stability.
Peptide dimer structure in an Aβ(1–42) fibril visualized with cryo-EM

Significance β-Amyloid (Aβ) fibrils are formed from Aβ peptide and are a hallmark feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite their involvement in AD, much remains unclear about the formation of these aggregates and their structures at the molecular level. We have obtained a 3D image of a fibril formed from the Aβ(1–42) peptide isoform using electron cryomicroscopy and built a partial atomic model based on these data. We show that the core of the fibril is formed by two peptide C termini, explaining why aggregation inhibitors are most potent when targeting the C terminus. Our model explains how addition of C-terminal amino acids may stabilize peptide interaction and how fibril stability is affected by mutations leading to familial AD. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in humans and the main cause of dementia in aging societies. The disease is characterized by the aberrant formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide oligomers and fibrils. These structures may damage the brain and give rise to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, neuronal dysfunction, and cellular toxicity. Although the connection between AD and Aβ fibrillation is extensively documented, much is still unknown about the formation of these Aβ aggregates and their structures at the molecular level. Here, we combined electron cryomicroscopy, 3D reconstruction, and integrative structural modeling methods to determine the molecular architecture of a fibril formed by Aβ(1–42), a particularly pathogenic variant of Aβ peptide. Our model reveals that the individual layers of the Aβ fibril are formed by peptide dimers with face-to-face packing. The two peptides forming the dimer possess identical tilde-shaped conformations and interact with each other by packing of their hydrophobic C-terminal β-strands. The peptide C termini are located close to the main fibril axis, where they produce a hydrophobic core and are surrounded by the structurally more flexible and charged segments of the peptide N termini. The observed molecular architecture is compatible with the general chemical properties of Aβ peptide and provides a structural basis for various biological observations that illuminate the molecular underpinnings of AD. Moreover, the structure provides direct evidence for a steric zipper within a fibril formed by full-length Aβ peptide.
The Economics of Franchise Contracts

As an organizational arrangement, the franchise contract lies between anonymous price-mediated exchange and centralized intrafirm employment. In contrast to conventional market exchange, franchise contracts typically impose on franchisees retail quality standards, common hours of business, price controls, and nonlinear payment schedules (for example, fixed initial royalty fees plus a percentage of gross retail revenues), while franchisors typically provide national advertising and training programs, monitor and inspect the franchisees' performance (with varying intensity across industries), and hold the residual power to terminate the franchise agreement. Observations of actual terminations indicate that franchisors sometimes exclude this power. Franchisors sometimes face persistent queues of potential franchisees. In contrast to simple employment contracts, franchise agreements provide for sharing of profits (through royalties on revenue or output) and considerable freedom for independent decisions by local franchisees.1 Why do these franchise contracts exist
Gastos em saúde e incidência de benefício no município de Senhor do Bonfim (BA) em 2003

The goal of this paper is to analyze inequality in the access and use of services of health in Senhor do Bonfim, city of the state of Bahia. It describes benefit incidence analysis, which allows to identify which social groups benefit governmental subsidies. The benefit incidence in Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia, was estimated, in 2003, for groups of the population previously defined (income, gender and race), with the objective of evaluating the inequity of the public expenditure in health in this city. The public expenses had been fragmented by complexity level. Combining the unit subsidies with the use patterns reported in the household survey reveals a very unequal distribution health spending in Senhor do Bonfim.
The Leadership Factor

Because they are victims of short-term economic pressures and "parochial politics", most American companies critically lack the one factor proven effective in winning competitive advantage: leadership. Thus argues John P. Kotter in this, his third large-scale work on leadership, which continues and complements the work begun in his influential "The General Managers" and "Power and Influence". With compelling evidence, Kotter demonstrates why most American firms do not have the leadership capacity they currently need and explains what they must do to correct this damaging problem. Using comprehensive data from 900 senior executives in 100 American corporations, as well as in-depth interviews with 150 top managers in fifteen successful companies, including General Electric, Citicorp, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Coca-Cola, Kotter singles out the practices that develop superior leadership. He identifies both the specific personal attributes and general leadership qualities needed in today's corporations. And, with the spotlight on such individuals as Lee Iacocca at Chrysler and teams like the top management at Johnson & Johnson, he vividly illustrates the four factors that create outstanding leadership in both private and public sector senior and middle level managers. Professor Kotter underscores his argument with glaring examples of managerial failures in firms like ITT, providing eye-opening evidence of damage-- inability to control sagging productivity and poor records in customer service, quality control, and the development of new products-- caused primarily not be poor R&D or labor problems, but by a weak leadership capacity. Filled with dozens of case histories, "The Leadership Factor" reveals an all-too-common picture of companies which, unable to recognize or develop leadership talent and utilize it, create a pervasive gap in corporate planning and personal management. Progress has been made in improving quality management, but is has been limited. Kotter is hard-hitting in his assessment that even American companies which achieve a superior level of success in the leadership area-- IBM, DuPont, Dow Jones, Hewlett-Packard, and Anheuser-Busch, for example, must do even better to match efforts of foreign competitors. In showing how leaders are made, not born, he provides a realistic program structured to help attract, retain, and motivate dynamic, capable leaders in executive and middle management positions. Following Kotter's advice, companies can build strong managerial teams necessary not only for growth-- but also for survival itself.
Restoration of endogenous antigen processing in Burkitt's lymphoma cells by Epstein‐Barr virus latent membrane protein‐1: coordinate up‐regulation of peptide transporters and HLA‐class I antigen expression

Group I Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines retaining the original BL tumor cell phenotype are unable to present endogenously expressed antigens to HLA class I‐restricted cytotoxic T cells (CTL) but can be recognized if the relevant HLA class I/peptide epitope complex is reconstituted at the cell surface by exogenous addition of synthetic target peptide. Endogenous antigen‐processing function is restored in BL lines that have undergone Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐induced drift in culture to the group III phenotype typically displayed by EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) of normal B cell origin. We compared group I versus group III cells for their expression of proteasome components, transporter proteins and HLA‐class I antigens, all of which are thought to be involved in the endogenous antigen processing pathway. By Western blot analysis, there were not consistent differences in the low molecular mass protein subunits of proteasomes (lmp)‐2, lmp‐7 and δ, although the mb‐1 proteasome subunit was regularly present at higher levels in group I BL lines relative to group III lines or LCL. By contrast there were marked differences in the expression of peptide transporter‐associated proteins (Tap), with down‐regulation of Tap‐1 and Tap‐2 in 8/8 and 7/8 group I BL lines, respectively. Surface levels of HLA class I antigens were also consistently lower in group I cells; this was not associated with an intracellular accumulation of free HLA heavy chains, such as is seen in the Tap‐deficient T2 processing‐mutant line, but instead reflected a reduced rate of HLA class I synthesis in group I cells. Analysis of EBV gene transfectants of the B lymphoma lines BJAB and BL41 showed that the virus‐encoded latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP1), which is one of several EBV antigens expressed in group III but not in group I cells, was uniquely able to up‐regulate expression both of the Tap proteins and HLA class I. Furthermore, this was accompanied by a restoration of antigen‐processing function as measured by the ability of these cells to present an endogenously expressed viral antigen to CTL. These effects of LMP1 were similar to those induced in the same cell lines by interferon‐γ treatment. The results implicate both Tap and HLA class I expression as factors limiting the antigen‐processing function of BL cells, and suggest that the accessibility of other EBV‐associated malignancies to CTL surveillance may be critically dependent upon their LMP1 status.
Achieving voluntary reductions in the carbon footprint of tourism and climate change

This study examines attitudes to tourism and climate change among residents of Hong Kong and evaluates their willingness to voluntarily modify travel behaviours to reduce environmental impacts. Previous studies on environmental behavioural change identified a significant gap between awareness and action, with some studies even suggesting that the most aware individuals are unlikely to change their behaviours. Similar findings were noted in this study. Cluster analysis identified four cohorts of tourists, ranging from the regular international tourist to the least travel active. The regular international tourist group was most aware of global warming and climate change, but least willing to alter its travel behaviour. By contrast, less travel active tourists seem most willing to travel less. The paper concludes that government intervention may be required to create meaningful behavioural change in travel patterns.
The income and property of women in the agriculture and tourism sectors

In the Netherlands, the task of earning an income and amassing property has shifted from the level of the household to that of its individual members. This also applies to agriculture and tourism-based family businesses in rural areas. The consequences of individualisation may be different for women who own a business or who are married to the owner of a business. Legal arrangements to divide and share property play an important role in this process. Relevant decisions are recorded in business and marriage agreements. In this article, the process of individualisation and its consequences for female spouses and business partners are analysed on the basis of the results of a survey among 331 farm women and 180 women in tourism. The results show that in agriculture few women own real estate and earn a taxable income of more than 10,000 euros. Half of the women in tourism own real estate and earn this amount of income. The differences between the women in the two sectors are the result of their labour position and the way they enter into marriage agreements concerning the division of property.
Perceptions and adaptation strategies of the tourism industry to climate change : the case of Finnish nature-based tourism entrepreneurs

Climate change-related processes have emerged as major issues in tourism development and management, particularly with respect to nature-based tourism, which is seen as especially vulnerable and is the sector of the industry that is the main focus of this study. The aim of the paper is to identify the perceptions and adaptation strategies of Finnish nature-based tourism entrepreneurs on climate change. The case study was conducted by interviewing nature-based tourism entrepreneurs in northern Finland and the Finnish Lake District, south east Finland. In general, the entrepreneurs were aware of the issue of global climate change. However, half of the interviewees did not believe that the phenomenon actually exists and will influence the region's tourism industry in the future. The scepticism towards the climate change may explain the fact that there were almost no adaptation strategies. However, other adaptation mechanisms were used to cope with the 'normal' weather variation and market changes.
Beyond Decentralization—The Comparative Study of Interdependence in Federal Systems

The degree of decentralization is an important explanatory variable in comparative federalism research. Nonetheless, the relationship between decentralization and the interdependence between governments is underspecified. This article distinguishes decentralization and interdependence conceptually, specifies institutional components of interdependence, and develops jurisdictional measures to capture them. A comparative analysis of eleven federal systems shows that decentralization indicators and indicators of interdependence constitute separate dimensions. Thus, their combined usage allows comparativists to do greater justice to the multidimensionality of federal systems. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.
Factors associated with acutely elevated serum creatinine following radical tumour nephrectomy: the Correlates of Kidney Dysfunction–Tumour Nephrectomy Database study

Background To identify factors associated with acutely elevated serum creatinine (SCr) within 7 days of radical tumour nephrectomy. Methods The study population consisted of 130 consecutive patients managed for renal tumours. The primary outcome was acute kidney injury (AKI) (defined as SCr increase ≥50% above baseline), assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The secondary outcome was SCr percentage increase, assessed using multivariable linear regression analysis. Results Following nephrectomy, the mean percentage increase in SCr in the first week was 55%±29%, and 77 (59%) patients experienced AKI. Independent predictors of AKI post-nephrectomy were male gender [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.67; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01, 6.93], urine albumin-creatinine ratio (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.91), preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05), laparoscopic nephrectomy (OR: 3.02; 95% CI: 1.00, 9.12), and non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.04, 8.29). Independent predictors of a SCr increase were male gender (β: 12.0; 95% CI: 2.69, 21.3), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (β: –3.36; 95% CI: –6.55, –0.16), preoperative eGFR (β: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.66), laparoscopic nephrectomy (β: 12.7; 95% CI: 1.05, 24.3) and obesity (β: 9.94, 95% CI: 0.61, 19.3). Conclusions Male gender, albuminuria, eGFR and laparoscopic nephrectomy independently associated with acutely elevated serum creatinine following radical tumour nephrectomy.
Tourism Research and the Tropics: Further Horizons

Abstract The origins of tourism and the foundations of tourism scholarship are in the temperate zones of the globe. While tropical destinations and themes have not been ignored in tourism study, a closer focus on the commonalities of tropical tourism settings is warranted. The defining common physical and social features of tropical locations include climate, political history and often modest levels of development. The perceptions of the tropics by external powers have also shaped the development of the region. The tourism related consequences of these features are distinctive patterns in seasonality, challenges in managing highly similar destination images and an array of natural and social resources which pose common management problems. Building on this context, the core aim of this paper is to encourage better benchmarking information for understanding and managing tourism in the tropics. The paper seeks to fulfill this aim both by outlining research topics to assist the management of tropical tourism and by using the tropics as a rich canvas for new directions in tourism study. Additionally, the role of tourism research in addressing pressing issues for the tropics is noted. Throughout, it is argued that there is much to be gained by more comparative studies of tourism processes and systems within tropical settings.
Deliberating Over Mastectomy: Survival and Social Roles

Background: Most studies based on a woman's decision regarding breast cancer treatments have focused on surgical treatment preference and related factors. Few studies have been carried out to identify the concerns associated with coming to terms with a mastectomy and cancer diagnosis among women eligible for a mastectomy only. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore Taiwanese women's experience about facing a mastectomy and to determine their deliberations before agreeing to a recommended mastectomy. Methods: Ten women who had undergone a mastectomy participated, with 3 undergoing individual interviews and 7 participating in a focus group. Findings during the interviews guided the focus group. Results: Content analysis revealed 4 themes through the women's narratives of the decision-making experience when a mastectomy was recommended. These included (a) surviving is a priority, (b) fulfilling responsibility, (c) coming to terms with postsurgery alternatives, and (d) making arrangements. Conclusion: The experience surrounding the decision to undergo a mastectomy among Taiwanese women may be complicated by survival concerns, the meanings of the breast, and a feeling of an uncontrolled daily life. Cultural beliefs ensured that women were fulfilling their expected social roles and always thinking about significant others first. Implications for Practice: Recognizing women's private concerns with sensitivity and supporting women to balance their own needs and assigned social responsibilities are important considerations for women undergoing a mastectomy. Developing cultural competency is necessary for nurses working in communities with diverse ethnoculture people.
Running enhances spatial pattern separation in mice

Increasing evidence suggests that regular exercise improves brain health and promotes synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis. Exercise improves learning, but specific mechanisms of information processing influenced by physical activity are unknown. Here, we report that voluntary running enhanced the ability of adult (3 months old) male C57BL/6 mice to discriminate between the locations of two adjacent identical stimuli. Improved spatial pattern separation in adult runners was tightly correlated with increased neurogenesis. In contrast, very aged (22 months old) mice had impaired spatial discrimination and low basal cell genesis that was refractory to running. These findings suggest that the addition of newly born neurons may bolster dentate gyrus-mediated encoding of fine spatial distinctions.