Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Greed: the Attitude, Motivation and Decision-Making

As one of the important attributes of human being,greed has been widely discussed in academic fields such as philosophy and economics.In the present paper,we first summarized the characteristics of greed,put forth its definition and focused on the greed for material.Then,the mechanism of how situational factors influence individual's attitude to greed and how the greed motivation affects individual's behavior were expounded.As the process of deciding whether to conduct greedy behavior,greed decision-making is influenced by self-consciousness and emotions.The Greed Decision-making Process Model(GDMPM),integrating both controlling and automatic processes,helps interpreting the interaction of self-interest and socio-morality.Though relatively innovative,GDMPM is still to be improved.The directions for further researches were proposed ultimately.
Towards the Development of an Evolutionarily Valid Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale

From an evolutionary perspective, human risk-taking behaviors should be viewed in relation to evolutionarily recurrent survival and reproductive problems. In response to recent calls for domain-specific measures of risk-taking, we emphasize the need of evolutionarily valid domains. We report on two studies designed to validate a scale of risky behaviors in domains selected from research and theory in evolutionary psychology and biology, corresponding to reoccurring challenges in the ancestral environment. Behaviors were framed in situations which people would have some chance of encountering in modern times. We identify five domains of risk-taking: between-group competition, within-group competition, mating and resource allocation for mate attraction, environmental risks, and fertility risks.
Dynamically maintaining frequent items over a data stream

It is challenge to maintain frequent items over a data stream, with a small bounded memory, in a dynamic environment where both insertion/deletion of items are allowed. In this paper, we propose a new novel algorithm, called hCount, which can handle both insertion and deletion of items with a much less memory space than the best reported algorithm. Our algorithm is also superior in terms of precision, recall and processing time. In addition, our approach does not request the preknowledge on the size of range for a data stream, and can handle range extension dynamically. Given a little modification, algorithm hCount can be improved to hCount*, which even owns significantly better performance than before.
First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Beam Profiles and Window Functions

Knowledge of the beam profiles is of critical importance for interpreting data from cosmic microwave background experiments. In this paper, we present the characterization of the in-flight optical response of the WMAP satellite. The main-beam intensities have been mapped to ≤-30 dB of their peak values by observing Jupiter with the satellite in the same observing mode as for CMB observations. The beam patterns closely follow the prelaunch expectations. The full width at half-maximum is a function of frequency and ranges from 0. °82 at 23 GHz to 0. °21 at 94 GHz; however, the beams are not Gaussian. We present (a) the beam patterns for all 10 differential radiometers, showing that the patterns are substantially independent of polarization in all but the 23 GHz channel; (b) the effective symmetrized beam patterns that result from WMAP's compound spin observing pattern; (c) the effective window functions for all radiometers and the formalism for propagating the window function uncertainty; and (d) the conversion factor from point-source flux to antenna temperature. A summary of the systematic uncertainties, which currently dominate our knowledge of the beams, is also presented. The constancy of Jupiter's temperature within a frequency band is an essential check of the optical system. The tests enable us to report a calibration of Jupiter to 1%-3% accuracy relative to the CMB dipole.
Endogenous sex hormones and subsequent breast cancer in premenopausal women

Because of large intra‐individual variation in hormone levels, few studies have investigated the relation of serum sex hormones to breast cancer (BC) in premenopausal women. We prospectively studied this relation, adjusting for timing of blood sampling within menstrual cycle. Premenopausal women (5,963), recruited to the Hormones and Diet in the Etiology of Breast Tumors (ORDET) cohort study, provided a blood sample in the 20–24th day of their menstrual cycle. After 5.2 years of follow‐up, 65 histologically confirmed BC cases were identified and matched individually to 4 randomly selected controls. Sera, stored at −80°C, were assayed blindly for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, total and free testosterone (FT), androstenedione, androstanediol‐glucoronide, progesterone, 17‐OH‐progesterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Fifty‐five cases had information for multivariate analyses. Compared to controls, BC cases had shorter cycles and intervals between blood sampling and bleeding, and lower LH and FSH. FT was significantly associated with BC risk: relative risk (RR; adjusted for age, body mass index and ovarian cycle variables) of highest vs. lowest tertile was 2.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–7.33, p for trend = 0.030]. Progesterone was inversely associated with adjusted RR for highest vs. lowest tertile of 0.40 (95% CI = 0.15–1.08, p for trend = 0.077), significantly so in women with regular menses, where adjusted RR was 0.12 (95% CI = 0.03–0.52, p for trend = 0.005). These findings support the hypothesis that ovarian hyperandrogenism associated with luteal insufficiency increases the risk of BC in premenopausal women. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implications of genomic imprinting for psychiatric genetics

1 The genetics of psychiatric disease continues to be puzzling; what, for instance, really is the mode of transmission of schizophrenia? Is it polygenic (Gottesman & Shields, 1982)? Is it dominant but incompletely penetrant (Book, 1953), or partly dominant with incomplete penetrance (Slater, 1958); does it involve two loci with epistasis (Matthysse & Kidd, 1976), or is it none of these (O'Rourke et al. 1982)? To the cynical observer it may seem that by assuming an appropriate degree of penetrance or expressivity, any mode of inheritance can be made to fit. Possibly the disorders are heterogeneous, and understandable inheritance patterns would emerge if the correct subgroups could be identified; possibly more sophisticated analyses would help. Whatever the reason, while a genetic contribution to the functional psychoses is now not in doubt, no one has yet come up with a satisfactory model to account for the observed segregation ratios found within pedigrees. Consequently, the discovery of a new mode of transmission associated with two rare childhood syndromes (the Prader-Willi and Angelman's syndromes) should be of considerable interest to anyone interested in psychiatric genetics. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) accounts for about 1 % of the causes of mental handicap; it is also characterized by infantile hypotonia, hypogenitalism, and a remarkable disorder of behaviour: a hyperphagia so extreme that sufferers can actually eat themselves to death (Butler, 1990). It is not surprising that, in a disorder with somatic abnormalities and mental handicap, chromosomal anomalies have been discovered, but difficulties in establishing clear criteria for diagnosis (a problem familiar to psychiatrists) as well as the technical complexities of high-resolution chromosome analysis led to controversial claims. In 1981, following a hint that chromosome 15 abnormalities were commoner than expected in PWS, Ledbetter et al. (1981) found that four out of five cases had lost the same small band near the centromere on the long arm (referred to as ' q') of this chromosome (an abnormality designated as affecting bands 15qll to 15ql3). Subsequent investigations confirmed that the 15ql 1—15ql3 deletions were found in a large proportion of PWS, but while some research workers argued that if strict clinical criteria were applied then all PWS cases had chromosome 15 anomalies (Mattei et al. 1983; Niikawa & Ishikiriyama, 1985), others contended that less than three-quarters of patients had the deletion detected by Ledbetter (Labidi & Cassidy, 1986). Current opinion suggests that about 70 % of PWS have deletions …
Clustering with Discrete Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper investigates the effects of using a realistic discrete power model in cluster-based communication for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Four different clustering protocols are evaluated by incorporating a model compliant with Crossbow MICAz motes. The energy consumption model takes into account the discrete transmit power levels of the CC2420 radio chip used by MICAz sensor nodes. The radio propagation path loss is modeled by using the Lognormal Shadowing Model. The significance of discrete power model is demonstrated by a comparison with the conventional model using metrics such as transmission cost, network lifetime and mean energy consumed. The simulation results demonstrate that realistic assumptions can affect the system behavior drastically in comparison with the results obtained under ideal conditions.
Discrete-time stability analysis of a control architecture for heterogeneous robotic systems

The aim of this paper is to investigate the discrete-time stability of robot motion control in the task space. The control system has been modeled as a classical inner-loop/outer-loop architecture, adopted in several industrial robotic systems. The inner-loop is composed of a servo-level joint controller, and higher level kinematic feedback is performed in the outer-loop. Heterogeneous dynamics is considered in the inner-loop, which can for instance describe redundant coordination/synchronization control systems with cooperative robots with non-identical dynamical responses. There are surprisingly few discrete-time stability results in the current state-of-the-art for this popular control architecture. The qualitative effects of the inner-loop dynamics on the overall stability of the system is investigated, and improved outer-loop feedback gain margins are derived.
Transformation to Formalized Business Process Model

A number of business organizations are beginning to realize the importance of business process management (BPM) in achieving specific organizational goals through process automation. BPM developed as process-aware system that is based on a defined process model. This process model is translated into an executable language that can be executed by process engine. However, gaps often exist between the process model and the executable language. In other words, the process model cannot be fully represented in the executable language. In addition, a lack of formalized procedures during the model design phase will exacerbate ambiguities and inconsistencies, further complicating model verification and translation to the executable language. In this paper, we present a mechanism for transforming a BPMN-based process model into a formalized process model that can be better represented in WS-BPEL and verifying a model using a workflow-based verification mechanism, thus avoiding the ambiguities and inconstancies inherent to BPMNbased process models.
Power maps and subvarieties of the complex algebraic n-torus

SummaryGiven a subvariety V of the complex algebraic torus G nm deﬁned bypolynomials of total degree at most d and a power map φ : G nm → G nm , thepoints x whose forward orbits O φ (x) belong to V form its stable subvarietyS(V,φ). The main result of the paper provides an upper bound T =T(n,d,φ) for the number of iterations of the power map φ required to “cutoﬀ” the points of V that do not belong to S.2000 MS Classiﬁcation: Primary 11G35; Secondary 14L40. 1 Introduction Given a set Mand a map φ: M→ M, one of the goals of dynamics is to classifythe points x of Maccording to the behavior of their forward orbits O φ (x). LetG nm be the complex algebraic n-torus and zbe an integer ≥ 2. This paper isconcerned with a special case of the general classiﬁcation problem for M= G nm and the z -th power map φ: G nm → G m deﬁned by the ruleφ: (x 1 ,.,x n ) −→ (x z1 ,.,x zn ). We refer the reader to Silverman [11] and Zhang [12] for results and furtherreferences on polynomial maps in algebraic dynamics.As an aﬃne variety, we will identify the torus G
Study on Diagnostic Index System of Health Oriented Resource Allocation for Mobile Operators

Network resources are key resources for mobile operators. The allocation of network resources influenced directly on companies' profitability and development potential. As the telecommunication market tends to be saturated, difficulty and risk of mobile operators' resource allocation has increased sharply. In this paper, on the basis of Enterprise Value Theory and Buckets Effect, financial result indexes is combined with business-driven indexes following the healthy operation ideal on distribution of resources, and an index system of health oriented resource allocation is constructed. Then, the practicality of the index system is verified through a case study, in which the index system is applied into investment management of a branch company of CMCC, thus find problems in the company's resource allocation.
Investigating semantic regularity of human mobility lifestyle

In recent years, the exponential growth of positioning-enabled devices have allowed us to study the mobility behavior of individuals analyzing their collected tracks. In this context, a small, but steadily increasing part of the literature is looking at the semantic aspects of mobility. This paper presents a contribution to this trend, and is concerned with the definition of semantic regularity profiles. We based our methodology on the entropy of both spatial and temporal frequency of visits of individuals to places to perform an activity. This allows us to define the concept of semantic regular or irregular user behavior identifying users who are more or less loyal to the same places in contrast to the flexibility in visiting different places to perform an activity. We experiment on a crowdsensed trajectory dataset annotated by the visited Points of Interest which represent the activity performed. Analysis evidence that the regularity depends on the particular activity to be performed.
A collaborative approach to targeted treatment development for schizophrenia: a qualitative evaluation of the NIMH-MATRICS project.

INTRODUCTION In 2002, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) initiated a multistakeholder research process designed to stimulate the development and evaluation of medications targeting the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. The first phase, Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS), sought consensus on laboratory measures for cognition, clinical trial outcome measures, and drug registration requirements. MATRICS constitutes a unique drug development model because it targeted a specific endophenotype of schizophrenia and because it engaged academic, industry, and government stakeholders in a consensus-oriented process. This study offers a preliminary qualitative evaluation of the NIMH-MATRICS project. METHOD Interview data are used to describe how MATRICS participants regard 3 aspects of the development of cognitive medications: the definition of the treatment target, stakeholders' role in the early development process, and anticipated dissemination complexities. RESULTS MATRICS participants describe the treatment target in highly varied ways and envision a wide range of public health benefits. MATRICS is perceived as inclusive, despite minimal representation from some end users. According to informants, clinical detection, documentation, and monitoring of cognition and functioning may prove problematic. More thoroughly than non-industry-employed informants, industry-employed MATRICS participants articulate strategies by which treatments can be integrated into clinical practice. DISCUSSION The MATRICS process did not produce a clinical concept of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and significant challenges remain to be addressed regarding the rational clinical use of novel pharmaceuticals for cognition. Broader inclusion of end users in translational science projects may streamline implementation and facilitate improvements in real-world outcomes.
A fast and reasonable method for community detection with adjustable extent of overlapping

Communities exist in complex networks of different areas, and in some cases they may overlap between each other. Community detection is a good way to understand the structure, function and evolution of complex networks. There have been some methods to find disjoint or overlapping communities. While most of these methods only fit one single situation, disjoint or overlapping. In our opinion, it is unreasonable to find disjoint communities on a network with clear overlap or to find overlapping communities on a network without any visible overlapping node. In this paper, we propose a link partition based method which can find communities with adjustable extent of overlapping according to backgrounds of specific applications or personal preferences. Experimental results on some real-world networks show that our method can find reasonable communities with adjustable extent of overlapping, and is suitable for networks with high densities and large scales.
Noninvasive ventilation during walking in patients with severe COPD: a randomised cross-over trial

It was hypothesised that noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) applied during walking prevents exercise-induced hypoxaemia and improves exercise performance in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients already receiving long-term NPPV. A total of 20 COPD patients (mean±sd age 65.1±8.7 yrs, forced expiratory volume in one second 27±8% predicted and total lung capacity 116±27% pred) reporting dyspnoea, even during mild exertion, underwent two 6-min walking tests with a rollator and supplemental oxygen (2.1±0.9 L·min−1) in a randomised cross-over design: with and without pressure-limited NPPV as used at home (inspiratory:expiratory pressure 2.9±0.44:0.4±0.1 kPa (29±4:4±1 mbar), respiratory frequency 20±2 breaths·min−1). The arterial oxygen tension significantly increased by 1.39±1.43 kPa (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–2.07 kPa) after walking with NPPV, but significantly decreased by 1.43±1.06 kPa (95% CI −1.92 – −0.94 kPa) without NPPV. Dyspnoea, as assessed by the Borg dyspnoea scale, significantly decreased from 6 (interquartile range (IQR) 4.5–10) to 4 (1.5–4.5) and walking distance significantly increased from 209 (IQR 178–279) to 252 (203–314) m when walking was NPPV-aided. In chronic hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high-intensity noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation can also be administered during walking with unchanged ventilator settings compared with settings used at rest, thus resulting in improved oxygenation, decreased dyspnoea and increased walking distance. Therefore, noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation during walking could prevent hypoxia-induced complications and could, in future, play a role in palliative care.
Tracing Model Elements

In model-driven engineering developers work mainly or only with models, which exist in many versions. This paper presents an approach to trace single model elements or groups of elements within a version history of a model. It also offers analysis capabilities such as detection of logical coupling between model elements. The approach uses a differencing algorithm blown as SiDiff to identify similar elements in different versions of a model. SiDiff is highly configurable and thus our tracing approach can be adapted to all diagram types of the UML and to a large set of domain specific languages. The approach has been implemented as an Eclipse plug-in that visualizes all relevant information about the traces and it allows developers to interactively explore details. It has been evaluated by several groups of test persons; they considered most of the functions of the tool to be very useful.
The Efficacy of Vildagliptin in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

lower in the vildagliptin treatment group than the sitagliptin group, and the differences in drug efficacy were attributed to the pharmacological characteristics of the two drugs. Vildagliptin’s efficacy has been shown in various populations and used in both mono- and combination therapies. Because its action depends on plasma glucose concentration, vildagliptin has significantly lower hypoglycemia and neutral effects on body weight compared to other hypoglycemic agents [7]. Scherbaum et al. [8] reported vildagliptin 50 mg once daily with lifestyle modification significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, -0.3%) compared to the placebo group in a 52week study of drug-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (n=306) with a mean HbA1c of 6.7%. In addition, postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) as well as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were significantly decreased by -0.9 and -0.4 mmol/L, respectively in the vildagliptin-treatment group. In a 52-week extension study (total study duration 104 weeks), vildagliptin showed continued improvement in glucose control and a placebo-adjusted change in HbA1c was reported -0.5% from core study baseline after 2 years. None of the sub jects treated with vildagliptin experienced adverse effects such as hypoglycemia (0.0% vs. 3.2% placebo) over a 2-year period, and body weight decreased significantly by -1.1 kg (vs. -0.3 kg placebo). These results implied that vildagliptin mitigated the progressive loss of glycemic control observed in patients with mild hyperglycemia receiving placebo and lifestyle counseling without causing hypoglycemia or weight gain. This appears to be due to a corresponding attenuation of the deterioration of
TWO-GRAPHS, SWITCHING CLASSES AND EULER GRAPHS ARE EQUAL IN NUMBER*

Seidel has shown that the number $t_n $ of two-graphs on n nodes is equal to the number of switching classes of graphs on n nodes. Robinson, and independently Liskovec, have given an explicit formula for the number $e_n $ of Euler graphs on n nodes. It is shown here that $t_n = e_n $ for all n.
Attentional selection in visual perception, memory and action: a quest for cross-domain integration

For decades, the cognitive and neural sciences have benefitted greatly from a separation of mind and brain into distinct functional domains. The tremendous success of this approach notwithstanding, it is self-evident that such a view is incomplete. Goal-directed behaviour of an organism requires the joint functioning of perception, memory and sensorimotor control. A prime candidate for achieving integration across these functional domains are attentional processes. Consequently, this Theme Issue brings together studies of attentional selection from many fields, both experimental and theoretical, that are united in their quest to find overreaching integrative principles of attention between perception, memory and action. In all domains, attention is understood as combination of competition and priority control (‘bias’), with the task as a decisive driving factor to ensure coherent goal-directed behaviour and cognition. Using vision as the predominant model system for attentional selection, many studies of this Theme Issue focus special emphasis on eye movements as a selection process that is both a fundamental action and serves a key function in perception. The Theme Issue spans a wide range of methods, from measuring human behaviour in the real word to recordings of single neurons in the non-human primate brain. We firmly believe that combining such a breadth in approaches is necessary not only for attentional selection, but also to take the next decisive step in all of the cognitive and neural sciences: to understand cognition and behaviour beyond isolated domains.