Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
China ranks second in scientific publications since 2006

With the fast development of its economy, China plays an increasingly important role in the world. China's performance in science is also impressive. The exponential growth of Chinese scientific publications provides evidence. However, statistical results about China's world share of scientific publications provided by different institutions and researchers have been in disagreement. With the data for 2007 being now available, we provide an update on this issue and conclude that China has become the second largest producer of scientific publications since 2006.
El índice de reemplazo etnolingüístico entre la población indígena de México

This paper studies the transmission of indigenous languages through an analysis of the use of Mother Tongues across generations. It also shows the different conditions of the indigenous languages at the regional, state and municipal levels. It features a comparison of the indexed data for each of the 62 ethnolinguistic groups collected through two major demographic studies: the 2000 General Census and the 2005 Count of Population and Housing, which allow us measure the decline or recovery of indigenous languages in Mexico.
The Role of Entrepreneurship Program Models and Experiential Activities on Engineering Student Outcomes.

Entrepreneurship education is being delivered to greater numbers of engineering students through a variety of courses, programs, and experiential learning activities. Some of these opportunities are designed primarily to serve engineering students in their departments and colleges, while others are cross-campus, university-wide efforts to serve students from many disciplines. To date, few researchers have examined to what extent differing program models and experiential activities impact students’ perceptions of their entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy. This paper examines these issues based on the results of a survey of 501 senior level engineering students enrolled in three institutions that offered three different models of entrepreneurship education. Findings indicate that higher perceptions of entrepreneurial knowledge were associated with the number of entrepreneurship courses taken and involvement in experiential learning activities. Further, students who were enrolled at an institution with a multidisciplinary program tended to rate their entrepreneurial abilities higher than those at two institutions with programs more embedded in engineering departments. This research provides faculty and administrators with valuable insight that can inform the development of entrepreneurship programs targeting engineers, and suggests areas for future research.
A location fingerprint framework towards efficient wireless indoor positioning systems

Location of mobile computers, potentially indoors, is essential information to enable location-aware applications in wireless pervasive computing. The popularity of wireless local area networks (WLANs) inside and around buildings makes positioning systems based on readily available received signal strength (RSS) from access points (APs) desirable. The fingerprinting technique associates location-dependent characteristics such as RSS values from multiple APs to a location (namely location fingerprint) and uses these characteristics to infer the location. The collection of RSS fingerprints from different locations are stored in a database called radio map, which is later used to compare to an observed RSS sample vector for estimating the MS's location. An important challenge for the location fingerprinting is how to efficiently collect fingerprints and construct an effective radio map for different indoor environments. In addition, analytical models to evaluate and predict "precision" performance of indoor positioning systems based on location fingerprinting are lacking. In this dissertation, we provide a location fingerprint framework that will enable a construction of efficient wireless indoor systems. We develop a new analytical model that employs a proximity graph for predicting performance of indoor positioning systems based on location fingerprinting. The model approximates probability distribution of error distance given a RSS location fingerprint database and its associated statistics. This model also allows a system designer to perform analysis of the internal structure of location fingerprints. The analytical model is employed to identify and eliminate unnecessary location fingerprints stored in the radio map, thereby saving on computation while performing location estimation. Using the location fingerprint properties such as clustering is also shown to help reduce computational effort and create a more scalable model. Finally, by study actual measurement with the analytical results, a useful guideline for collecting fingerprints is given. Keywords: Indoor position location system, location fingerprint, performance model, efficient radio map.
Analysis of Extreme Rainfall Trends in Sicily for the Evaluation of Depth-Duration-Frequency Curves in Climate Change Scenarios

AbstractThe design of urban drainage systems and the development of flood mitigation strategies commonly require knowledge of extreme rainfall for a given return period. In the context of climate variability that is no longer imputable to only natural forces, the estimation of this variable represents a critical issue. Climate change effects, particularly on precipitation, should be considered in the design and planning of hydraulics infrastructures. The aim of this study is to provide an assessment of the effects of statistically significant trends in extreme rainfall on the rainfall depth-duration-frequency (DDF) curves for the return periods typically used in design in order to obtain useful information for the definition of DDF curves in climate change scenarios. The study was applied in Sicily, in the center of the Mediterranean Area, because the study may provide interesting insights in a highly populated coastal region. The first step of the study consisted of the detection and quantification of tr.
Aalborg Universitet Numerical Modeling of a Wind Turbine Blade Deflection Sensing System Using the Moving Frame FDTD Method

Moving frame finite-difference time-domain (MFFDTD) method is applied to numerical modeling of a wind turbine blade deflection sensing system that uses an ultrawideband (UWB) wireless link along the blade. The moving frame in MFFDTD follows the propagation of only relatively small important part of the UWB pulse and therefore brings substantial savings in simulation time compared to the original FDTD method operating on the entire blade. In this paper, concrete formulas for determining the extent of the moving frame are given, taking into account the effects of the numerical dispersion of the FDTD method on the UWB pulse extent. In the numerical experiment, the actual speedup for a simulation of a 58.7m long wind turbine blade is shown to be approx. 11.5×, reducing the running time from 17 to 1.5 hours.
Mapping Chaparral in the Santa Monica Mountains Using Multiple Spectral Mixture Models

California chaparral is one of the most important natural vegetation communities in Southern California, representing a significant source of species diversity and, through a high susceptibility to fire, playing a major role in ecosystem dynamics. Due to steep topographic gradients, harsh edaphic conditions and variable fire histories, chaparral typically forms a complex mosaic of different species dominants and age classes, each with unique successional responses to fire and canopy characteristics (e.g. moisture content, biomass, fuel load) that modify fire susceptibility. The high human cost of fire and intimate mixing along the urban interface combine to modify the natural fire regime as well as provide additional impetus for a better understanding of how to predict fire and its management. Management problems have been further magnified by nearly seventy years of fire suppression and drought related die-back over the last few years resulting in a large accumulation of highly combustible fuels. Chaparral communities in the Santa Monica Mountains exemplify many of the management challenges associated with fire and biodiversity. A study was initiated in the Santa Monica Mountains to investigate the use of the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) for providing improved maps of chaparral coupled with direct estimates of canopy attributes (e.g. biomass, leaf area, fuel load). The Santa Monica Mountains are an east-west trending range located approximately 75 kilometers north of Los Angeles extending westward into Ventura County. Within the Santa Monica Mountains a diverse number of ecosystems are located, including four distinct types of chaparral, wetlands, riparian habitats, woodlands, and coastal sage scrub. In this study we focus on mapping three types of chaparral, oak woodlands and grasslands. Chaparral mapped included coastal sage scrub, chamise chaparral and mixed chaparral that consisted predominantly of two species of Ceanothus.
Exploring Multi-Dimensional Wellbeing and Remittances in El Salvador

El Salvador has experienced high and increasing migration outflows during the last three decades, fuelled by the civil war in the 1980s and currently by a lack of economic opportunities. In parallel, family remittances have grown to represent 16.1 percent of GDP in 2004. In this context, it is relevant to explore the wellbeing of individuals in households receiving remittances. In this paper, we propose an alternative measure of multi-dimensional wellbeing based on the capability approach that focuses on functionings or achievements of individuals in valuable dimensions of life, such as life and physical health and social relations. From the multipurpose household survey (EHPM), we select feasible indicators for these dimensions which we aggregated using the Fuzzy Sets theory. We analyse wellbeing of different population groups in the selected dimensions of life. We find interesting differences in wellbeing between urban and rural households and male and female headed households. Finally, we analyse wellbeing for individuals in households depending on migration and remittances status. Households that receive remittances do show higher wellbeing, and those that are non-poor and receive remittances perform better than all other groups. The difference is higher in the dimensions of security, shelter and environment and in social relations. This is the first application of Fuzzy Sets theory to measure multi-dimensional wellbeing in El Salvador, based on the EHPM. We recommend the inclusion of additional indicators in the questionnaire and a further exploration of this method to assess wellbeing of different population groups in order to support a more precise definition of social protection policies.
Using Repertory Grid in an Assessment of Impression Formation

In the work described here we are concerned with support for creative knowledge workers. Our research deals with how computer systems can be used to assist in the formation of the close collaborative relationships that are common in this work domain. Here we describe the background behind our interest in impression formation as well as how and why we have applied the repertory grid technique in this research. The results of a series of interviews are reviewed and we comment on the effectiveness of the method used.
GEOGRAFI DIALEK BAHASA SALUAN

Abstrak. This article explores the dialectology of Saluan language. There are 24vowelphonemes, but only2vowels and 5consonantsvariants arescatteredin the districts ofPagimana, Lobuand Bualemo, such as/a/and/e/, /ʔ/and/k/, /l/and/n/and/r/and/l/. Thedistributionof the lexicalvariations is also diverse, such as the distribution between districts, then the spread between two districts, and a random distribution in each district. Both thephonologicalandlexicaldistributionsindicatethat thedifferencesthat occurinspoken Saluanis still great. ThusSaluanlanguagecan be maintainedas aliving regional languageand has not yet shown any indication towards extinction.Furtherstudiesonthis languagealsoneeds to be done, especiallyin theother areas oflinguistics. K ata kunci : Saluanlanguage, dialect geography, dialectometry,
Do thumbnail previews help users make better relevance decisions about web search results?

We describe an empirical evaluation of the utility of thumbnail previews in web search results. Results pages were constructed to show text-only summaries, thumbnail previews only, or the combination of text summaries and thumbnail previews. We found that in the combination case, users were able to make more accurate decisions about the potential relevance of results than in either of the other versions, with hardly any increase in speed of processing the page as a whole.
Evolution of hydrological and carbon cycles under a changing climate

Hydrological and carbon cycles are inherently coupled and play a pivotal role in the earth system. Water stress is one of the most limiting factors constraining vegetation productivity in both direct and indirect ways (mainly through nutrition cycling). In this article, we first reviewed the concepts of hydrological and carbon cycles and their interactions and then summarized recent advances in our understanding of how global climate change affects water stress, ecosystem carbon cycling, disturbances, and water use efficiency. A warming climate may continue to benefit plant growth in energy limited areas such as high latitudes and altitudes. However, over many water‐limited regions of the world, a warming climate has led to a drying trend, posing negative effects on land carbon sink capability, as shown by reductions in vegetation growth and increases in ecosystem disturbances (wildfires, insect outbreaks, and tree mortality). Carbon cycle and water use efficiency have responded to climate change in different ways in different areas. Further integrating information from climate records, flux measurements at eddy flux towers, and observations from satellites will greatly advance our understanding of the hydrological and carbon cycles and their evolution. Advancement in our understanding of the evolution of hydrological and carbon cycles under the changing climate will help us to adapt and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Quantification of Mixed Land Use Pattern Focusing on Adjacency, Intensity, and Proximity

1. はじめに 都市計画分野では地球温暖化,高齢化と人口の減少,資 源の不足などの問題に対応しながら,都市の持続可能性を 高めるための対策が求められている. その対策の一つとし て注目されている概念が混合土地利用である. コンパクト シティを構成する重要な概念であり ,徒歩圏内で様々な 活動ができる環境を形成することにより,自動車への依存 の減少,地域の活性化,インフラの効率的な活用などの効 果が期待されている. 欧米諸都市をはじめ,世界の多くの 都市における重要な計画概念になっている. しかしながら, 混合土地利用の具体像はあまり明確ではなく,マーケティ ングスローガンに過ぎないという意見もある . 混合土地 利用に関しての研究としては,(1)混合度を測るための指標, (2)混合土地利用の効果,(3)用途間の関係を考慮した最適土 地利用パターン などが挙げられる. 小出 ,吉川 は,メッシュデータを用いて土地利用の用 途間の集塊性,隣接性に着目したが,ポリゴンデータから メッシュデータへの変換によって情報量の損失が発生する という問題がある. 土地利用の不均質の程度を測定したエ ントロピー指数は多くの研究で用いられ,Cervero and Kockelmanと Christian et al.はエントロピー指標と住民の 交通手段の選択及び徒歩頻度の関係を分析したが,用途間 の空間的な関係までは考慮していない. Song and Knaapは用途間の空間関係を考慮している. 地 価と混合度の関係において,他の用途までの距離,用途別 の割合,エントロピー指数などの指標を用いたが,それぞ れの指標による独立したモデルを作成しているため,それ らの空間関係の効果を同時には比較考慮していない. また, Manaugh and Kreiderの interaction scoreは,ポリゴンデータ に基づいて異用途間に隣接している度合を考慮しているが, 局部的な隣接に関する空間関係しか考慮しておらず,他用 途までの距離やその集積などを含めた混合土地利用パター ンの検討は必ずしも十分とは言えない. そこで本研究では,一般的なポリゴン形式の土地利用図 から直接算出することのできる用途間の空間関係に着目し た3つの混合度指標を提案し,市街地における混合土地利 用パターンを定量的に測定することにより,より適切な地 区分類の可能性を検討するとともに,混合土地利用が交通 手段選択に与える影響を明らかにすることを目的とする.
Simulation of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations in a coarse‐resolution aquaplanet GCM

The skill of the global climate models (GCMs) to realistically simulate the monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) is related to the sensitivity of their convective parameterization schemes. Here we show that by coupling a simple multicloud parameterization to a coarse‐resolution aquaplanet GCM, realistic MISOs can be simulated. We conduct three different simulations with a fixed nonhomogeneous sea surface temperature mimicking the Indian Ocean/western Pacific warm pool (WP) centered at the three latitudes 5°N, 10°N, and 15°N, respectively, to replicate the seasonal migration of the Tropical Convergence Zone (TCZ). This results in the generation of mean circulation resembling the monsoonal flow pattern in boreal summer. Succession of eastward propagating Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) disturbances with phase speed, amplitude, and structure similar to summer MJOs are simulated when the WP is at 5°N. When the WP is located over 10°N, northward and eastward propagating MISOs are simulated. This case captures the meridional seesaw of convection between continental and oceanic TCZ observed during boreal summer over South Asia. Westward propagating Rossby wave‐like disturbances are simulated when the WP is over 15°N congruous with the synoptic disturbances seen over the monsoon trough. The initiation of intraseasonal oscillations in the model can occur internally through organization of convective events above the WP associated with internal dynamics.
Assessment of mesoscale eddy parameterizations for coarse resolution ocean models

Abstract : This thesis examines the role of eddies in a 105-year-long basin scale eddy resolving simulation with the MIT GCM. It evaluates the Fickian, the Green-Stone and the Gent-McWilliams parameterizations in a diagnostic study and a series of coarse resolution experiments. The mesoscale eddies in the reference experiment provide a significant contribution to the thermal balance. Specifically designed diagnostic tests show that the horizontal and vertical components of the parameterized flux are not simultaneously downgradient to the eddy heat flux. The transfer vectors are more closely aligned with the isopycnal surfaces for deeper layers. The magnitude of the coefficients is consistent with traditionally used values. However, the eddy heat flux is identified as a complicated process that cannot be fully explained with any of the parameterizations considered. Coarse resolution experiments demonstrate that Fickian diffusion has the least skill in the climatological simulations. The GS and GM schemes perform better. Comparison of the eddy heat flux divergence with the parameterized divergences for typical parameter values demonstrates that the success of the schemes in the climatological simulation is not related to the representation of the eddy heat flux but to the representation of the mixing processes.
Type A Influenza Virus Surveillance in Free-Flying, Nonmigratory Ducks Residing on the Eastern Shore of Maryland

Abstract Virus surveillance in free-flying, nonmigratory ducks living on the eastern shore of Maryland indicated that influenza A viruses were introduced into the area or that the prevalence of endemic infections increased between July 15 and August 27, 1998. Cloacal swabs collected between May 28 and July 15, 1998, were negative for influenza A virus recovery (0/233), whereas 13.9% (29/209) of swabs collected between August 27 and September 2, 1998, were positive for influenza A virus recovery. Five hemagglutinin subtypes (H2, H3, H6, H9, and H12), six neuraminidase subtypes (N1, N2, N4, N5, N6, and N8), and nine HA-NA combinations were identified among 29 influenza A isolates. Interestingly, 18 of the 29 isolates initially appeared to contain two or more HA and/or NA subtypes. The free-flying, nonmigratory ducks served as excellent sentinels for the early detection of type A influenza viruses in the southern half of the Atlantic Migratory Waterfowl Flyway during the earliest phase of the yearly southern migration.
Piston-cylinder experiments on H2O undersaturated Fe-bearing systems: An experimental setup approaching fO₂ conditions of natural calc-alkaline magmas

Abstract In this study, we present a modified double-capsule technique to perform experiments on H2O undersaturated, Fe-bearing systems at elevated pressures and temperatures and oxygen fugacities (fO₂) relevant for natural calc-alkaline magmas. Welded shut, Fe-preconditioned Au90Pd10 capsules were placed in an outer Pt capsule that contains the same starting material. Experiments were performed at 1.0 GPa and 1200 °C using a synthetic, hydrous basalt and run with either boron nitride (BN) or MgO surrounding the welded capsules. Optimum results were obtained by using Fe-preconditioned Au90Pd10 inner capsules in combination with MgO assemblies. The application of the modified doublecapsule technique with Fe-preconditioned inner AuPd capsules reduced Fe loss to less than 3% relative, conserved H2O within the error of ion-microprobe analyses, and kept the fO₂ (QFM+1.1) within 1 log unit of the initial value constrained by the Fe2O3/FeO ratio of the starting material (QFM+0.43). These conditions are similar to estimates of fO₂ during the crystallization of natural calc-alkaline magmas.
Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane

Abstract Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rapidly progressing cardiopulmonary disease. It is characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure and vascular resistance. The most notable histopathological characteristic is vascular remodeling. The changes in the basement membrane (BM) are believed to be related to vascular remodeling. It is crucial to identify potential biomarkers associated with the BM in PAH, to guide its treatment. The microarray datasets GSE117261 and GSE113439 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Two data sets were examined to identify genes associated with the BM by analyzing gene expression changes. Next, we analyzed the relevant genes in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes using Gene Ontology and Disease Ontology annotationand conducted pathway enrichment analysis. We conducted a protein–protein interaction network analysis on the genes related to BMs and used the cell cytoHubba plug-in to identify the hub genes. Furthermore, we conducted an immune infiltration analysis and implemented a histogram model. Finally, we predicted and analyzed potential therapeutic drugs for PAH and set up a miRNA network of genetic markers. Six candidate genes related to BMs, namely Integrin Subunit Alpha V, Integrin Subunit Alpha 4, ITGA2, ITGA9, Thrombospondin 1, and Collagen Type IV Alpha 3 Chain, were identified as potential modulators of the immune process in PAH. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rh1 was found to significantly impact drug targeting based on its interactions with the six BM-related genes identified earlier. A novel biomarker related to the BM, which plays a crucial role in the development of PAH, has been identified.
Carbon sequestration and its potential in agricultural soils of China

Agricultural soils hold potential for the expansion of carbon sequestration. With this in mind, we investigated changes in the soil organic carbon (SOC) on the basis of an analysis of data sets extracted from 146 publications and further projected the SOC sequestration potential in China's cropland. Our results suggest that a significant increase in the SOC occurred in east and north China, while a decrease appeared in northeast China. As a whole, the organic carbon density in the topsoil to 30 cm depth increased by 3.36 (2.54 to 4.26) Mg/ha between 1980 and 2000. Accordingly, the croplands in China that cover an area of over 130 Mha sequestered 437 (331 to 555) Tg C, with an average rate of 21.9 (16.6 to 27.8) Tg/yr, during this period. The potential of SOC sequestration in China was estimated to be 2–2.5 Pg C, which could be achieved by the 2050s if crop production and field management are improved.