Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed GA for popularity based partial cache management in ICN

Information Centric Networks (ICNs) is a new architecture for the Future Internet to deliver content at large-scale. It relies on named data and caching features, which consists of storing content across the delivery path to serve forthcoming requests. In this paper, we study the problem of finding the optimal assignment of the objects in the available caches in ICN. The optimization problem is to cache objects in order to minimize overall network overhead. We formulate this problem as a combinatorial optimization problem. We show that this optimization problem is NP complete. Metaheuristic methods are considered as effective methods for solving this problem, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of those algorithms that can solve this problem efficiently. We will adapt cache management system based on GA for solving the considered problem. In contrast to traditional locally caching systems this algorithm consider both global and local search and make caching decisions about where and which item will be cached in order to minimize overall network overhead.
Bio-optical modeling of human skin to eliminate the skin structure variability in blood pressure measurement

This paper presents a simulation model to quantify the amount of light intensity dissipated by the skin and its underlying layers. The model will be useful to eliminate the skin structure variability issue in the blood pressure measurement system. In the visible spectral region, the absorption & scattering properties of skin tissues are estimated by taking into account the spatial distribution of water, melanin, blood & bilirubin content within each distinct anatomical layer. Combining this bio-optical model with advanced radiative transfer theory, a hybrid model has been simulated to represent the transmission of light through the skin. This simulation model will be able to quantify the dissipated light intensity for different types of skin in PPG based blood pressure measurement system. In the results, graphical analysis of different types of human skin responses with respect to the light of different wavelengths, incident angle & intensities have been revealed.
Standardization the Crude Extracts of all Urtica plant Species Growing in Palestine for Quality Control of Cosmeceutical and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Background: The safety and the therapeutic efficacy of plants medications are mainly dependent on the quality controls and standards by which they are made for, to give powerful actions when prescribing them. Medicinal plants and their extracts have been used as sources of medicine, cosmetics and food in virtually all nations and cultures and the usage of plants as a source of cosmetics and medications among different population seems to never stop, even with the recent chemical synthetic medicines revolution. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the standard of crude extracts yields of the active constituents for all species of Urtica plants leaves (Urtica kioviensis Rogow., Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny, Urtica pilulifera L. and Urtica urens L.) growing wildly in Palestine and used for treatment of various diseases as well as used in cosmetics and food. Method: Serial exhaustive extraction method using polar and nonpolar solvents for four species of Urtica leaves without boiling to avoid the hydrolysis of the active phytochemical compound. Results: The best percentage of the aqueous extract yield was for Urtica kioviensis 609mg (24.36% of the total starting powder weight), while the best organic extract yield was also for Urtica kioviensis 72mg (2.88% of the total starting powder weight). Conclusion: Urtica kioviensis, Urtica pilulifera, Urtica urens aqueous serial exhaustive extraction yield and Urtica kioviensis organic exhaustive extraction yield can pass the quality control for manufacturing of cosmetics formulations and pharmaceutical preparations.
Fabrication and Measurement of Test Structures to Monitor Stress in SU-8 Films

SU-8 is an epoxy-based, negative photoresist that is widely used in the manufacturing of micromechanical systems. The polymer cross-linking that occurs during the photolithographic processing of SU-8 can result in high levels of stress in the patterned film. This has significant implications for the yield and reliability of SU-8 structures and needs to be understood if the material is to be integrated with other technologies. This paper describes micromechanical test structures that provide the opportunity to wafer map the stress in SU-8 at different stages of the process. The structures are fabricated in a thick layer of SU-8 and are subsequently released from the underlying substrate using a dry chemical vapor etch process. An automated optical measurement system has been built to allow rapid optical inspection of many thousands of test structures fabricated on 200 mm wafers. Initial results indicate significant tensile stress in the SU-8, which demonstrates a radial variation along with a dependence on the process conditions.
Monocular vision based road marking recognition for driver assistance and safety

In this paper, we present a solution to generate semantically richer descriptions and instructions for driver assistance and safety. Our solution builds upon a set of computer vision and machine learning modules. We start with low-level image processing and finally generate high-level descriptions. We do this by combining the results of the image pattern recognition module with the prior knowledge on traffic rules and larger context present in the video sequence. For recognition of road markings, we use a SVM based classifier and HOG based classifier. We test our method on real data captured in urban settings, and report impressive performance. Qualitative and quantitative performance of various modules are presented.
Information extraction from the web: techniques and applications

Web Information Extraction (WIE) systems have recently been able to extract massive quantities of relational data from online text. This has opened the possibility of achieving an elusive goal in Artificial Intelligence (AI): broad-coverage domain knowledge. AI systems depend to a great extent on having knowledge about the domains in which they operate, and such knowledge is typically expensive to enter into the system. Furthermore, the knowledge must be entered for every different domain in which an application is to operate. The Web contains knowledge about all kinds of different domains, but in a format that is not readily usable by AI systems. WIE promises to bridge the gap between the Web and AI. Natural Language Processing is an example of an area in AI in which knowledge can make a dramatic difference in the performance of an application. Understanding or interpreting language depends on the ability to understand the words used in a domain. The meanings, usages, and syntactic properties of words, and the relative frequency with which certain words are used, are necessary pieces of information for effective language processing, and much of this information can be extracted from text. In one case study, this thesis examines methods for using extracted information in improving a particular kind of language processing tool, a parser. Before information extraction can become broadly useful, however, more research must be done to improve the quality of the extracted information. A number of factors affect the quality, including correctness, importance or relevance, and the sophistication of meaning representation. The second case study in this thesis investigates a method for resolving synonyms in extracted information. This technique changes the meaning representation of extractions from one that relates words or names to one that relates entities to one another.
China ’ s New Left

As the Chinese Communist Party prepares for the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the reform and opening policy, China’s state ideology is confronted with challenges from various schools of thought. One of them is the “New Left. ” The New Left is characterised by an emphasis on the state power to redress the problems of injustice and other negative effects of privatisation, marketisation and globalisation. It argues for more emphasis on economic justice, not just economic growth at any price. New Leftism is still in its infancy. Yet its influence is likely to grow in the years to come.
Energy leakage in low power embedded operating systems using DVFS policy

The leakage energy consumption is substantial and increasing for multiprocessor systems. That is why embedded operating systems adapt power management decisions to the variable characteristics of cores, improving system-wide power consumption and performance. Low power operating systems use key techniques such as Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) to save the energy consumption by changing dynamically the supply voltage and operating frequency. When the processor changes the execution from one task to another or vary the core frequency, an amount of energy is consumed. We, in this paper, propose an approach that characterizes the overhead of context switch in low power embedded operating systems. We study the influence of hardware and software parameters on the energy consumption. Then, we extract models of the energy overhead. We apply the proposed approach to multi-process software benchmark programs and we validate its applicability in the context of an embedded system containing an OMAP3530 processor and running embedded Linux as an operating system.
The role of labor market rigidities in explaining US macroeconomic behavior

HAMILTON B. FOUT: The Role of Labor Market Rigidities in Explaining US Macroeconomic Behavior (Under the direction of Michael K. Salemi) This work investigates the role that labor market rigidities play in the data series implied by dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models of the US economy. This work questions and evaluates the increasing reliance by the macroeconomic literature on the Calvostyle wage rigidity first introduced by Erceg et al. (2000). The baseline case of Calvo wage stickiness is analyzed and compared with the alternative labor market rigidities of staggered relative contracting (Fuhrer and Moore 1995a, 1995b), sticky information (Mankiw and Reis 2001a, 2002), and search and matching frictions (Trigari 2004). The models are compared by their abilities to match the stylized facts and empirical US evidence as characterized by the impulse response functions (IRFs) resulting from a structural vector autoregression. The focus here is on policy shocks identified with the short-run restrictions of Christiano et al. (1999) and technology shocks identified with the long-run restrictions of Shapiro and Watson (1988) and Blanchard and Quah (1989). Following the approach of Christiano et al. (2001, 2005), a subset of the parameters under each specification of the model is estimated by minimizing the distance between the empirical and model IRFs. This work extends the current literature by nesting these alternative labor market models for the first time in a dynamic, nonstationary general equilibrium model that includes technology growth and can allow for a permanent increase in the level of productivity. This work offers several conclusions involving the role that alternative labor market rigidities play in the data series implied by DSGE models of the US economy. First, the sticky information framework analyzed here improves on the performance of the flexible wage version of the model when matching impulse responses to a monetary policy shock, but cannot improve on the flexible wage version when matching the responses to a long-run technology
Analysis of reticulocyte parameters on the Sysmex XE 5000 and LH 750 analyzers in the diagnosis of inefficient erythropoiesis

The reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret He) represents an indirect measure of the functional iron available for erythropoiesis over the previous 2–3 days. Only the analyzers of a single manufacturer, Sysmex (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan), include Ret He. Red blood cell size factor (RSf) is a new parameter provided by Beckman Coulter, which joins together the volume of the erythrocytes and the volume of reticulocytes. The aims of the study were to investigate the clinical usefulness of RSf in the study of erythropoiesis status and to assess its concordance with Ret He values. Samples from 417 patients were run on both LH 780 (Beckman Coulter) and Sysmex XE 5000 analyzers. Independent samples t‐test, Pearson correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and inter‐rater reliability (κ index) were applied. Good correlation between RSf and Ret He was observed, r = 0.8184. Significant differences (P < 0.001) were detected when groups with inefficient erythropoiesis were compared with patients undergoing therapy and healthy subjects. ROC analysis for RSf in the diagnosis of inefficient erythropoiesis, cutoff 91.1 fl, area under curve 0.963, sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 88.5%. Concordance between RSf and Ret He κ = 0.68. RSf and Ret He are suitable parameters for the assessment of erythropoiesis status.
Calcium supplementation of the diet--I.

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A "ton of feathers": gender discrimination in academic medical careers and how to manage it.

PURPOSE To evaluate the experience of gender discrimination among a limited sample of women in academic medicine, specifically, the role of discrimination in hindering careers, coping mechanisms, and perceptions of what institutions and leaders of academic medicine can do to improve the professional workplace climate for women. METHODS In-depth, semistructured telephonic individual interviews of 18 women faculty who experienced or may have experienced discrimination in the course of their professional academic medical careers from 13 of the 24 institutions of the National Faculty Survey. A consensus taxonomy for classifying content evolved from comparisons of coding. Themes expressed by multiple faculty were studied for patterns of connection and grouped into broader categories. RESULTS Forty percent of respondents ranked gender discrimination first out of 11 possible choices for hindering their career in academic medicine. Thirty-five percent ranked gender discrimination second to either "limited time for professional work" or "lack of mentoring. " Respondents rated themselves as poorly prepared to deal with gender discrimination and noted effects on professional self-confidence, self-esteem, collegiality, isolation, and career satisfaction. The hierarchical structure in academe is perceived to work against women, as there are few women at the top. Women faculty who have experienced gender discrimination perceive that little can be done to directly address this issue. Institutions need to be proactive and recurrently evaluate the gender climate, as well as provide transparent information and fair scrutiny of promotion and salary decisions. CONCLUSIONS According to this subset of women who perceive that they have been discriminated against based on gender, sexual bias and discrimination are subtly pervasive and powerful. Such environments may have consequences for both women faculty and academic medicine, affecting morale and dissuading younger trainees from entering academic careers. Medical schools need to evaluate and may need to improve the environment for women in academe.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Nitrendipine in Reducing Both Pressure and Left Ventricular Mass in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of nitrendipine in comparison with captopril in hypertensive diabetic patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 75 patients enrolled in this study presented stable type 2 diabetes (not treated with insulin) and mild-to-moderate hypertension with a left ventricular mass ≥ 75 g/m2 by two-dimensional echocardiography. After a 4-week washout period, 38 patients were assigned to treatment with captopril, and 37 patients to nitrendipine (random allocation). The duration of follow-up was 36 weeks. RESULTS Patients of both groups were similar with regard to the duration of diabetes and hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest, degree of LVH, metabolic control, and albumin excretion rate (AER). Both drugs were equally effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (captopril: from 165 ± 13/100 ± 4 to 147 ± 11/87 ± 4 mmHg; nitrendipine: from 167 ± 17/100 ± 5 to 143 ± 9/86 ± 4 mmHg; P < 0.05) and in reversing LVH (nitrendipine: from 87 ± 2 to 81 ± 1 g/m2; captopril: from 89 ± 2 to 85 ± 2 g/m2; P = 0.0001). Neither the left ventricular end-diastolic volume index nor the left ventricular ejection fraction changed significantly during the treatment period. CONCLUSION Nitrendipine is as effective as captopril in reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in reversing LVH. Neither drug showed any negative side effects on fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and both maintain constant AERs.
Comparative effects of xenon and nitrous oxide on diaphragmatic contractility in dogs

Background: Xenon at two different concentrations (30%, 60%) has no effect on diaphragmatic contractility. This study was undertaken to compare the effects of xenon and nitrous oxide (N2O), a commonly used and well‐established gas anesthetic, on diaphragmatic contractility in dogs.
An atomic-level mechanism for activation of the kinesin molecular motors

Kinesin cytoskeletal motors convert the energy of ATP hydrolysis into stepping movement along microtubules. A partial model of this process has been derived from crystal structures, which show that movement of the motor domain relative to its major microtubule binding element, the switch II helix, is coupled to docking of kinesin’s neck linker element along the motor domain. This docking would displace the cargo in the direction of travel and so contribute to a step. However, the crystal structures do not reveal how ATP binding and hydrolysis govern this series of events. We used cryoelectron microscopy to derive 8–9 Å-resolution maps of four nucleotide states encompassing the microtubule-attached kinetic cycle of a kinesin motor. The exceptionally high quality of these maps allowed us to build in crystallographically determined conformations of kinesin’s key subcomponents, yielding novel arrangements of kinesin’s switch II helix and nucleotide-sensing switch loops. The resulting atomic models reveal a seesaw mechanism in which the switch loops, triggered by ATP binding, propel their side of the motor domain down and thereby elicit docking of the neck linker on the opposite side of the seesaw. Microtubules engage the seesaw mechanism by stabilizing the formation of extra turns at the N terminus of the switch II helix, which then serve as an anchor for the switch loops as they modulate the seesaw angle. These observations explain how microtubules activate kinesin’s ATP-sensing machinery to promote cargo displacement and inform the mechanism of kinesin’s ancestral relative, myosin.
Restraint stress and ethanol consumption in two mouse strains.

BACKGROUND This study examined the interaction between restraint stress and ethanol drinking in mice that consume low and high amounts of ethanol. METHODS Two strains of mice (129SVEV and C57BL/6J) underwent 1 hour of restraint stress twice per day for 4 days in the presence of a CRF-1 receptor antagonist, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist or vehicle. Ethanol preference and consumption were assessed using a two bottle choice design. In another study, mice were implanted with pellets containing corticosterone; ethanol preference and consumption were assessed using a two bottle choice design. RESULTS Restraint stress significantly increased ethanol preference and consumption in 129SVEV mice but not in C57BL/6J mice. Then 129SVEV mice underwent the identical stress procedure; however, mice received either the CRF-1 receptor antagonist, R121919 (15 or 20 mg/kg, ip) or vehicle 30 minutes prior to stress. R121919 did not block the stress-induced change in ethanol preference despite causing a significant blunting in the HPA axis. Negative results were also obtained using the CRF-1 receptor antagonist, Antalarmin (20 mg/kg, ip). In another study, 129SVEV mice were administered either the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Mifepristone (25, 50 or 100 mug/kg, ip) or vehicle under the same procedure. Mifepristone did not alter ethanol preference. Moreover, the three receptor antagonist did not alter nonstress ethanol consumption either. In the last study, both mouse strains underwent active or sham adrenalectomy, then pellets containing corticosterone or placebo were implanted and preference for ethanol versus water was tested. Corticosterone administration decreased ethanol consumption in a strain-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These data show the restraint model for stress can modestly increase ethanol consumption in 129SVEV mice but not in C57BL/6J mice. Pharmacologic manipulation of CRF and corticosterone did not blunt baseline or stress-induced change in ethanol preference nor did administration of corticosterone mimic the effects of restraint stress on ethanol consumption. These findings suggest the mechanism responsible for increasing ethanol consumption in this model is independent of the HPA axis and extra-hypothalamic CRF.