Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Event-related Response in Human Visual Cortex with fMRI

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(fMRI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that measures the hemodynamic response related to neural activity in the human brain. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (efMRI) is a form of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in which a series of fMRI images are time-locked to a stimulus presentation and averaged together over many trials. Again an event related potential (ERP) is a measured brain response that is directly the result of a thought or perception. Here the neuronal response of human visual cortex in normal healthy patients have been studied. The patients were asked to perform a visual three choice reaction task; from the relative response of each patient corresponding neuronal activity in visual cortex was imaged. The average number of neurons in the adult human primary visual cortex, in each hemisphere has been estimated at around 140 million. Statistical analysis of this experiment was done with SPM5(Statistical Parametric Mapping version 5) software. The result shows a robust design of imaging the neuronal activity of human visual cortex. Keywords—Echo Planner Imaging, Event related Response, General Linear Model, Visual Neuronal Response.
Dynamic Constraint Relaxation Approach to Insight ∗

In a past decade, more and more researchers have emphasized the emergent nature of cognition, as opposed to the traditional approach that assumes fixed representations and central control mechanism. Among many kinds of emergent cognition, insight has attacted many researchers’ attention (Sternberg & Davisdon, 1995). Insight has several mysterious properties. First of all, problems used in psychological experiments on insight is far from complex. Many subjects can understand the solution immediately after they are taught. However, it is awfully difficult to find it by themselves. Second, people stick to a wrong approach and repeated same errors. When solving a standard non-insight problem, people usually swith to a different strategy or search other paths after noticing failure. But, they do not do so in insight problem-solving. Third, they ignore useful information accidentally found or generated, and only later they realize its usefulness. Finally, insight appears to come to mind suddenly. These mysterious properties prevent the standard problemsolving framework from providing a coherent account. In order to deal with these problems, we have developed the dynamic constraint relaxation theory of insight (Hiraki & Suzuki, 1998; Suzuki & Hiraki, 1997). This theory consists of three kinds of constraints (objectlevel, relational, and goal), and a relaxation mechanism. The main idea is that impasses are formed by these constraints and that qualitative changes are caused probabilistically by the failure-driven incremental relaxation of these constraints. ∗The researches listed in this paper have done in collaboration with Kazuo Hiraki, Michiko Miyazaki, and Keiga Abe. This research was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)(No. 10610082) and by Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research(No. 14001003).
VI. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF A PARENT MANAGEMENT TRAINING PROGRAM FOR INCARCERATED PARENTS: PROXIMAL IMPACTS

More than 680,000 parents of minor children are incarcerated in state prisons, accounting for 85% of all imprisoned parents in the United States (Maruschak, Glaze, &Mumola, 2010). These fathers andmothers are parents to 1.36 million children (West & Sabol, 2008). Prior to prison, almost half of incarcerated parents lived with at least one of their children, andmore than half were the family’s primary financial supporter. When their parents are behind bars, most children live with either another parent, or a close relative of the incarcerated parent, such as a grandmother, who may be the same parent who raised the incarcerated individual. About three-quarters of incarcerated parents report having had at least some contact with their children during their sentence, with up to 50% having weekly contact. Given these statistics, it is clear that many children of prisoners are living in situations that are directly impacted by the absence of a parent. Often these situations are quite challenging, and the present circumstances may be a continuation and expansion of difficulties that were present prior to incarceration (Travis & Waul, 2003). Considering this context, it is not surprising that children of incarcerated parents have often been perceived to be at heightened risk for problems. Initially such concerns emerged from case studies and anecdotal reports, but over the past few decades, a variety of cross-sectional studies of incarcerated parents have found seemingly high rates of problems in their children (e.g., Baunach, 1985; Hunter, 1984; Myers et al., 1999). More recently, findings from longitudinal studies have become available (see Murray, 2010), and a meta-analysis found that the children of incarcerated parents were twice as likely as their peers to exhibit antisocial behavior problems, such as
Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND Although gastric bypass surgery accounts for 80% of bariatric surgery in the United States, only limited long-term data are available on mortality among patients who have undergone this procedure as compared with severely obese persons from a general population. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we determined the long-term mortality (from 1984 to 2002) among 9949 patients who had undergone gastric bypass surgery and 9628 severely obese persons who applied for driver's licenses. From these subjects, 7925 surgical patients and 7925 severely obese control subjects were matched for age, sex, and body-mass index. We determined the rates of death from any cause and from specific causes with the use of the National Death Index. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 7.1 years, adjusted long-term mortality from any cause in the surgery group decreased by 40%, as compared with that in the control group (37.6 vs. 57.1 deaths per 10,000 person-years, P<0.001); cause-specific mortality in the surgery group decreased by 56% for coronary artery disease (2.6 vs. 5.9 per 10,000 person-years, P=0.006), by 92% for diabetes (0.4 vs. 3.4 per 10,000 person-years, P=0.005), and by 60% for cancer (5.5 vs. 13.3 per 10,000 person-years, P<0.001). However, rates of death not caused by disease, such as accidents and suicide, were 58% higher in the surgery group than in the control group (11.1 vs. 6.4 per 10,000 person-years, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Long-term total mortality after gastric bypass surgery was significantly reduced, particularly deaths from diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. However, the rate of death from causes other than disease was higher in the surgery group than in the control group.
Communicative interaction between young nonspeaking physically disabled children and their primary caregivers: Part I—discourse patterns

The study analyzed the communicative interaction patterns of eight congenitally nonspeaking physically disabled children (between the ages of 4 and 6 years) and their primary caregivers. The dyads were videotaped in a free play situation for 20 minutes. The videotaped interaction was transcribed in its entirety and coded with respect to three categories of variables: discourse status, communicative function, and mode of communication. Findings related to the discourse patterns are reported in the present article; those related to the communicative functions and modes of communication will be reported in subsequent articles. The data were analyzed to reflect the frequencies of the specific communicative behaviors of the participants and the patterns of interactional sequences within the conversations. Results indicated that the interaction patterns were transactional in nature with caregivers and children clearly influencing each other in the course of the exchanges. The patterns, although synchronous, wer.
The Consequences of Cognitive Mobilization in Comparative Perspective: Political Sophistication and Voting Behavior in Old and New Democracies

This paper focuses on the relationship between cognitive mobilization and party dealignment in different institutional and political settings. Drawing on data from the Comparative National Election Project (CNEP), this study aims to examine the relative impact of political sophistication on three distinct measures of party dealignment, namely partisan attachments, time of voting decision and electoral volatility. The models test both individual and country-level variables by using a multilevel approach. The findings suggest that higher levels of cognitive mobilization are associated with stronger partisan loyalties, whereas short-term determinants have a significant impact on late deciders and defectors. Moreover, different political experience and institutional factors are found to affect the three dimensions of party dealignment. This effect is mediated through political sophistication as voters with high levels of cognitive mobilization are more affected by different institutional arrangements.
POLE somatic mutations in advanced colorectal cancer

Despite all the knowledge already gathered, the picture of somatic genetic changes in colorectal tumorigenesis is far from complete. Recently, germline and somatic mutations in the exonuclease domain of polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit (POLE) gene have been reported in a small subset of microsatellite‐stable and hypermutated colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), affecting the proofreading activity of the enzyme and leading to misincorporation of bases during DNA replication. To evaluate the role of POLE mutations in colorectal carcinogenesis, namely in advanced CRC, we searched for somatic mutations by Sanger sequencing in tumor DNA samples from 307 cases. Microsatellite instability and mutation analyses of a panel of oncogenes were performed in the tumors harboring POLE mutations. Three heterozygous mutations were found in two tumors, the c.857C>G, p.Pro286Arg, the c.901G>A, p.Asp301Asn, and the c.1376C>T, p.Ser459Phe. Of the POLE‐mutated CRCs, one tumor was microsatellite‐stable and the other had low microsatellite instability, whereas KRAS and PIK3CA mutations were found in one tumor each. We conclude that POLE somatic mutations exist but are rare in advanced CRC, with further larger studies being necessary to evaluate its biological and clinical implications.
Epigenetic regulation of the X‐linked tumour suppressors BEX1 and LDOC1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

The strong associations between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and dietary habits such as alcohol consumption (A), betel quid chewing (B) and cigarette smoking (C) and its predominance in men have been well documented; however, systemic analysis of OSCC is limited. Our study applied high‐throughput screening methods to identify causative epigenetic targets in a cohort of men with ABC‐associated OSCC. We identified BEX1 and LDOC1 as two epigenetically silenced X‐linked tumour suppressors and demonstrated a functional link between the transcription of BEX1 and LDOC1 and promoter hypermethylation. Methylation of the BEX1 and LDOC1 promoters was associated significantly (p < 0.0001) with OSCC and were detected in 75% (42/56) and 89% (50/56) of the samples, respectively. We observed concordant increases in the methylation of both genes in 71% (40/56) of the tumours, and potent in vitro and in vivo growth inhibitory effects in OSCC cells ectopically expressing BEX1 and/or LDOC1. Restored expression of BEX1 and LDOC1 suppressed the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signalling pathway, which is the most frequently hyperactivated signalling pathway in OSCC. This suppression might result from decreased p50 and p65 expression. These findings suggest that silencing of BEX1 and LDOC1 by promoter hypermethylation might represent a critical event in the molecular pathogenesis of OSCC and account for the oncogenic effects of ABC exposure and the male predominance of OSCC occurrence. Microarray data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aripiprazole for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence and associated psychosis

Abstract Objectives. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole for treatment of psychosis, retention and abstinence in patients with methamphetamine dependence. Methods. This was a double-blind study where 37 methamphetamine dependent patients with history of psychosis were randomly assigned to receive aripiprazole (5–10 mg daily, N = 19) or placebo (N = 18) for 8 weeks. Follow-up evaluation was scheduled on day 7, 14, 28, 42 day 56 after enrolment. Results. Participants on aripiprazole were retained significantly longer in treatment (48.7 days, SD =4.0) compared to placebo (37.1 days, SD =5.0). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that participants on aripiprazole were less likely to drop out of the study than the placebo group (P =0.02, χ2 =5.3). Psychotic symptoms significantly decreased among those on aripiprazole as compared to placebo (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significance was found between the two groups in maintaining abstinence (generalised estimation equation (GEE) analysis, P = 0.41). No serious adverse events were reported in either group. Conclusion. Aripiprazole was no more effective than placebo in maintaining abstinence from methamphetamine use. However, it facilitated treatment retention and reduced the severity of psychotic symptoms. Aripiprazole was found to be generally safe and well tolerated.
Measuring progress and value of IC implementation technology

Over the past decade, “Moore's Law” has become increasingly well-understood as being a law of “value scaling”: success of new electronics- and semiconductor-based products depends on improved cost-efficiency, utility, and value. Design Automation (DA) provides fundamental tools and methodologies that glue together disparate technological advances - across architectures, circuits, process and integration - into actually-realized product and system benefits. However, it is still unknown how to measure and credit “progress” of DA with respect to realized product- and system-level benefits. Thus, it is also challenging for industry, academia and funding entities to envision, and define, R&D objectives and prioritizations. In this paper, we contend that “measuring progress and value” is tractable at the level of EDA technology and R&D efforts. We describe four example assessments of progress and value of IC implementation technology: (i) assessment of progress of EDA tools (e.g., for P&R and STA) across multiple releases; (ii) establishing “upper bounds” on future progress (e.g., for 3DIC layout); (iii) robust rank-ordering of alternative design enablements (e.g., including routing tools and interconnect stack options); and (iv) lowering barriers to measuring progress and value of academic research results in “more real-world” contexts.
Los españoles más viajeros

Resumen: A partir de una explotacion especifica de los datos aportados por la encuesta que en mayor medida recoge las actividades y movimientos turisticos de los espanoles, Familitur (dirigida por el Instituto de Estudios Turisticos), se analiza el comportamiento de aquellos espanoles que registran una mayor frecuencia de viajes a lo largo del ano. La perspectiva de tal aproximacion es inicialmente descriptiva: conocer hasta que punto configuran un perfil social diferenciado o realizan otro tipo de viajes. Es decir, hasta que punto se diferencian de los otros espanoles, mas alla de la diferencia que les singulariza como mas viajeros. Pero tambien se intenta, con los limites derivados de las caracteristicas de los datos obtenidos, avanzar explicaciones sobre tal diferenciacion. Palabras clave: Turismo de los espanoles; Demanda turistica; Consumo; Cambio social.
Designing SAT for HCP

For arbitrary undirected graph $G$, we are designing SATISFIABILITY problem (SAT) for HCP, using tools of Boolean algebra only. The obtained SAT be the logic formulation of conditions for Hamiltonian cycle existence, and use $m$ Boolean variables, where $m$ is the number of graph edges. This Boolean expression is true if and only if an initial graph is Hamiltonian. That is, each satisfying assignment of the Boolean variables determines a Hamiltonian cycle of $G$, and each Hamiltonian cycle of $G$ corresponds to a satisfying assignment of the Boolean variables. In common case, the obtained Boolean expression may has an exponential length (the number of Boolean literals).
Redes Sociais Digitais na Comunicação das Organizações: um estudo de caso em uma incubadora

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar se as redes sociais digitais – RSD influenciam e de que forma na comunicacao com os colaboradores e clientes das organizacoes de base tecnologica incubadas. O metodo de pesquisa utilizado e descritivo e quantitativo baseado em um estudo de campo, sendo que os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicacao de um questionario aos gestores (diretores e gerentes) das organizacoes incubadas em um parque tecnologico situado em Florianopolis, SC. As conclusoes da pesquisa demonstram que nao existem, na maior parte das organizacoes pesquisadas, estrategias claras de uso das redes sociais digitais na comunicacao - tanto com os colaboradores como com os clientes - de forma planejada e que elas ainda nao estao preparadas para o uso efetivo das RSD nem tampouco reconhecem o poder das comunidades virtuais no mundo dos negocios.
Exercise studies with elderly volunteers.

The practicalities of conducting exercise studies with elderly and very elderly people have not been well described. In order to help others plan and perform such studies we describe our experience of recruiting volunteers, applying selection criteria, measuring strength, power, cardiorespiratory responses, and potentially related functional abilities. Exclusion criteria are offered, for safety and to characterize subjects as free of disease which might alter their exercise performance. International agreement on these, or similar, criteria would be valuable. The budget must be adequate for prolonged recruitment before a study and for the liberal use of taxis during it. With healthy subjects in their seventies, the coefficients of variation (CV) for repeated measurements of strength and power were: handgrip 3%, isometric knee extension 6%, isometric elbow flexion 6%, and lower limb extensor power 9%. CV for isometric knee extension by healthy subjects in their eighties was 4%. Treadmill ergometry is more time-consuming than with younger subjects. During progressive treadmill tests, the heart rate interpolated to oxygen consumptions of 10 and 15 ml.kg-1.min-1 had CV = 4% and 7%, respectively.
Eden: a professional multitouch tool for constructing virtual organic environments

Set construction is the process of selecting and positioning virtual geometric objects to create a virtual environment used in a computer-animated film. Set construction artists often have a clear mental image of the set composition, but find it tedious to build their intended sets with current mouse and keyboard interfaces. We investigate whether multitouch input can ease the process of set construction. Working with a professional set construction artist at Pixar Animation Studios, we designed and developed Eden, a fully functional multitouch set construction application. In this paper, we describe our design process and how we balanced the advantages and disadvantages of multitouch input to develop usable gestures for set construction. Based on our design process and the user experiences of two set construction artists, we present a general set of lessons we learned regarding the design of a multitouch interface.
Classification of Vehicles Using Magnetic Field Angle Model

This paper presents an efficient approach to the modeling and classification of vehicles using the magnetic signature of the vehicle. A database was created using the magnetic signature collected over a wide range of vehicles(cars). A sensor dependent approach called as Magnetic Field Angle Model is proposed for modeling the obtained magnetic signature. Based on the data model, we present a novel method to extract the feature vector from the magnetic signature. In the classification of vehicles, a linear support vector machine configuration is used to classify the vehicles based on the obtained feature vectors.
A New Recursive Approach for Reconstructing Metabolic Networks from KEGG

The high-quality network reconstruction from metabolites, enzymes and reactions is the first essential step for the studies on the metabolic networks. Previously the approach based on the KEGG/LIGAND database can only reconstruct the organism-level metabolic networks and the network quality is quite doubtful. In this paper we propose a new recursive approach to reconstruct metabolic networks. The data selection mechanism of KEGG/PATHWAY ensures that metabolic networks are parsimonious but reliable. The KO system makes it possible to generate networks hierarchically. The KEGG web service manages to keep the data up-to-date. Results of comparison with the previous approach show our new approach is practical and reliable.
Infusion of 4°C normal saline can improve the neurological outcome in a porcine model of cardiac arrest

BACKGROUND: This study sought to investigate induction of therapeutic hypothermia using ice-cold intravenous fluid after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The effects on temperature, hemodynamics, cognitive performance and the accompanying neurohistopathological changes, and apoptosis were assessed. METHODS: Fourteen piglets had 4 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, followed by CPR. The animals in which spontaneous circulation was restored were randomly assigned to two groups: the hypothermia group (n = 7) was given an infusion of 4°C cold normal saline solution 30 mL/kg at an infusion rate of 1.33 mL/kg/min, followed by 10 mL/kg/h to 4 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation; the control group (n = 7) was given the same infusion at room temperature. Variables were measured repeatedly until 4 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Neurocognitive performance was evaluated 24 hours after CPR. Then animals were killed and the brains were removed for histopathology at 24 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method was used for apoptosis evaluation. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the core temperature of the hypothermia group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The cerebral performance categories at 24 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation in the hypothermia group were better than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells in the cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were significantly reduced in the hypothermia group compared with the control group at 24 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation. By observation of transmission electron microscopy, the neuron damages were significantly reduced in hypothermia group. CONCLUSION: 4°C normal saline solution is a safe and effective method to reduce brain damages and prevent apoptotic cell death after cardiac arrest.
Understanding Performance Appraisal: Social, Organizational, and Goal-Based Perspectives

Introduction Environmental Influences Organizational Influences Purposes of Performance Appraisals Obtaining Information about Performance Standards for Judging Performance Processes in Evaluative Judgment Rater Goals Rater Motivation Error and Accuracy Measures Criteria That Reflect the Uses of Ratings Does Performance Appraisal Help or Hurt the Organization? Performance Appraisal and the Changing Context of Work and Organizations Designing, Implementing and Evaluating a Goal-Oriented Appraisal System Directions for Research and Practice