Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Johnny 2: a user test of key continuity management with S/MIME and Outlook Express

Secure email has struggled with signifcant obstacles to adoption, among them the low usability of encryption software and the cost and overhead of obtaining public key certificates. Key continuity management (KCM) has been proposed as a way to lower these barriers to adoption, by making key generation, key management, and message signing essentially automatic. We present the first user study of KCM-secured email, conducted on naïve users who had no previous experience with secure email. Our secure email prototype, CoPilot, color-codes messages depending on whether they were signed and whether the signer was previously known or unknown. This interface makes users signicantly less susceptible to social engineering attacks overall, but new-identity attacks (from email addresses never seen before) are still effective. Also, naïve users do use the Sign and Encrypt button on the Outlook Express toolbar when the situation seems to warrant it, even without explicit instruction, although some falsely hoped that Encrypt would protect a secret message even when sent directly to an attacker. We conclude that KCM is a workable model for improving email security today, but work is needed to alert users to "phishing" attacks.
Effect of Transport on Physical and Haematological Status of Cattle in Bangladesh

| A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of JulyDecember, 2014 to determine the effect of transportation associated physical stress of cattle used for beef purpose in Bangladesh. A total of 300 cattle were randomly selected, those were subjected to long distance transportation (648km, 14h). A pre-structured record sheet was used to record the injury related data, physical parameters and others relevant data both before and after transportation. The frequencies of injuries were increased significantly (P<0.01) after transportation (47%) than before (26%). The injuries were most common in Hariana cattle both before (5%) and after (8%) transport. Abrasion was dominated type of injury (11%) and were increased significantly (P<0.05) after transportation. The most frequent location of injuries was pin bone in both phase of the study. The frequencies of nasal discharge and degree of dehydrations were significantly (P<0.01) increased after transportation. Increased number of injuries and other physical status indicators during transportation indicates relatively higher degree of stress and suffering. Cattle trader should aware about the comfortless of animal during transportation for maximum productivity as well as to maintain animal welfare.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteremia in a kidney transplant recipient

Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a rare clinical pathogen. A case of bacteremia caused by L. rhamnosus in a kidney transplant recipient is described. Once considered only as a contaminant or a low‐virulence organism, L. rhamnosus might be an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of primary bloodstream infection caused by L. rhamnosus in a kidney transplant recipient.
Measuring toe clearance using a wireless inertial sensing device

Tripping and slipping falls are serious health concerns for the elderly because they incur high medical costs and can result in life threatening injuries i.e., internal bleeding. Recently there has been an increased interest in the development of portable inertial sensing devices for measuring human movement. These devices employ acceleration and angular data to obtain limb motion such as velocity and displacement through integration of acceleration values. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a wireless inertial sensing device for monitoring vertical toe clearance during walking. It has been demonstrated that variability in minimum toe clearance (MTC) which occurs during the swing phase is a sensitive falls risk predictor. Our device is composed of a tri-axis accelerometer and dual-axis gyroscope wirelessly connected through the use of Crossbow motes. The vertical toe clearance is obtained through double integration of the resultant acceleration in the vertical direction. We have performed zero base, treadmill and intersubject experiments to investigate device performance to environmental variations and compared the calculated toe clearance against measurements made by an Optotrak motion system. It was found that device outputs were approximately independent of small ambient temperature variations, had a reliable range of 20 m indoors and 50 m outdoors and a maximum transmission rate of 20 packets/s. Toe clearance measurements coincided with Optotrak measurement trends but suffered from cumulative integration errors over time. The identification, quantification and reduction of these errors are intricate but important further research issues.
Parallels in Intercellular Communication in Oomycete and Fungal Pathogens of Plants and Humans

Sexual reproduction is one of the most fascinating evolutionary outcomes in nature. Sexual development is paradoxical, conferring both benefits and costs, which makes sex an attractive subject in evolutionary biology. In pathogenic microbes, sexual development generates progeny with diverse genetic repertoires and can contribute to create more virulent genotypes. Sexual reproduction is ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms, from single-celled yeasts to humans. Mating systems are highly adapted in each group and vary from species to species, which results in extremely diverse sexual modes throughout nature. However, in some cases, quite divergent groups share similar mechanisms. This review describes a similarity in pheromone synthesis routes in two group of microbial pathogens of historic importance that are evolutionarily quite distinct: zygomycete pathogenic fungi that belong to the kingdom Fungi in the opisthokonts clade, and Phytophthora oomycete species that belong to the stramenopile supergroup [1] (Figure 1). Figure 1 Eukaryotic tree of life (adapted from Baldauf, Science, 2003 [1], with her permission). Historical Aspects of the Two Evolutionarily Distinct Pathogenic Molds: Mucoralean Fungi and Phytophthora Mucorales of the fungal Zygomycota and Phytophthora in the oomycetes have historical significance. One of the Mucor species belonging to the Mucoralean order was the first microbe ever observed in detail by the human eye via Robert Hooke's microscope. Hooke described the microscopic structures of this mold in his book Micrographia [2]. In addition, the first description of sexual development in fungi was of a Mucoralean species nearly two hundred years ago [3]. Several fungal species in the Mucoralean order are the causal agents of mucormycosis, a deadly fungal infection. These species include Rhizopus spp. , Mucor spp. , Rhizomucor spp. , Absidia spp. , Cunninghemella spp. , and others [4]. Mucormycosis is an emerging, serious fungal infection with high mortality rates. A recent mucormycosis outbreak occurred in victims of the tornadoes in Joplin, Missouri, United States. Oomycetes such as Phytophthora spp. were previously considered members of the fungal kingdom. However, more recent molecular analyses revealed oomycetes are not true fungi but instead divergent stramenopiles that are more closely related to the diatoms and brown alga, with only one known human pathogen in the group: Blastocystis hominis [5]. Phytophthora spp are known as notorious plant destroyers. Phytophthora infestans exemplifies this threat; it was the first species described in the genus and left a path of devastation in its wake on potato crops in the US, Ireland, and Europe in the 19th century [6]. Movement of infected potato tubers led to the potato famine epidemics of the 19th century, which resulted in widespread human hunger, disease, and ultimately the death of 2 million people in Ireland. The pathogen is still a threat to food security in the developing world.
Visualisation interactive de données hétérogènes pour l'amélioration des dépenses énergétiques du bâtiment. (interactive visualisation of heterogenous data for building energy efficiency)

De nos jours, l’economie d’energie est devenue un enjeu crucial. Les bâtiments ou nous travaillons et qui nous servent d’habitation ont ete identifies comme etant une source im- portante de perte energetique. De ce constat a emerge le projet RIDER (Reasearch for IT Driven EneRgy efficiency) lequel a pour objectif de developper un systeme d’information innovant permettant d’optimiser la consommation energetique d’un bâtiment ou d’un groupe de bâtiments. Ce systeme est base sur des composants logiciels, notamment un composant generale de modelisation du bâtiment, un composant oriente pour la fouille de donnees et un composant de visualisation. Chacun de ces composants est destine a ameliorer le modele de donnees du noyau RIDER. Cette these porte sur le composant visualisation que nous avons concu, developpe et in- tegre au systeme RIDER. Plusieurs axes ont ete traites concernant la modelisation et la vi- sualisation des donnees provenant des capteurs du bâtiment, ainsi que l’interaction aussi bien avec l’utilisateur qu’avec le modele de donnees RIDER. L’objectif etant de permettre la mise a jour du modele du noyau grâce aux informations "decouvertes" par l’utilisateur grâce aux diverses vues. Les jeux de donnees disponibles sur les pilotes du systeme RIDER nous ont permis de tester et evaluer la performance des solutions developpees.
Locomotion Imitation of Humanoid Using Goal-directed Self-adjusting Adaptor

We propose a novel framework for imitation learning that helps a humanoid robot achieve its goal of learning. There are apparent discrepancies in shapes and sizes among humans and humanoid robots. It would be advantageous if robots could learn their behavior from different individuals. Toward this end, this paper discusses appropriate behavior generation method through imitation learning considering that demonstrator and imitator robots have different kinematics and dynamics. As part of a wider interest in behavior generation in general, this work mainly investigates how an imitator robot adapts a reference locomotion gait captured from a demonstrator robot. Specifically, a goal-directed adaptation process that we call self-adjusting adaptor is proposed to achieve stable locomotion of the imitator. The proposed adaptor has an important role that the perceived locomotion patterns are modified to keep the direction of lower leg contacting the ground identical between the demonstrator and the imitator, sustaining the dynamic stability by controlling the position of the center of mass. The validity of the proposed scheme is evaluated through simulations employing various imitator models on OpenHRP and then verified on a real robot
LINKAGE STUDIES IN VARIETY 1 OF TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS: A FIRST CASE OF LINKAGE IN THE CILIATED PROTOZOA.

HE ciliated protozoa are not, in general, favorable material for cytogenetic Twork. The large number of chromosomes, their small size, and their tendency to form chromosomal aggregates ( SONNENBORN 1949; NANNEY and RUDZINSKA 1960) make such studies exceedingly difficult. The discovery by RAY (1954) that Tetrahymena pyriformis possesses a haploid complement of five chromosomes opened up the possibility of such studies in this organism. A very important contribution was RAY’S (1956) detailed analysis of meiosis in variety 1 of T . pyrif ormis. Genetic analysis of this variety was initiated by NANNEY in his studies of the inheritance of the mating types (NANNEY, CAUGHEY, and TEFANKJIAN 1955). A mating type locus ( m t ) with multiple alleles was identified. NANNEY has also characterized the H locus as a multiple-allelic series that determines the H serotypes ( NANNEY and DUBERT 1960). mt and H segregate independently ( NANNEY 1960a). ORIAS (1960) discovered two lethals, fat and tiny, in certain derivatives of IL-12. These are under the control of F and T , and F and T are not linked. Three other loci have been identified; these are responsible for certain enzymes that are resolved by starch gel electrophoresis. E l and E-2 control different esterases and segregate independently (ALLEN 1961a). P-l controls an acid phosphatase (ALLEN, MISCH, and MORRISON 1963b). In this report, evidence will be presented for the independent assortment of H , E-1, E-2, and P-l. In setting up these crosses, particular steps were taken to avoid pairs in which genomic exclusion occurred. Genomic exclusion, an aberrant form of conjugation (ALLEN 1963) in which meiotic products are contributed from only one mate, would confuse linkage studies. Analysis of crosses segregating for mt, El and E-2 suggest that mt and El are linked. A preliminary note appeared previously (ALLEN 1961 b) .
Remarkable Diversity of Endogenous Viruses in a Crustacean Genome

Recent studies in paleovirology have uncovered myriads of endogenous viral elements (EVEs) integrated in the genome of their eukaryotic hosts. These fragments result from endogenization, that is, integration of the viral genome into the host germline genome followed by vertical inheritance. So far, most studies have used a virus-centered approach, whereby endogenous copies of a particular group of viruses were searched in all available sequenced genomes. Here, we follow a host-centered approach whereby the genome of a given species is comprehensively screened for the presence of EVEs using all available complete viral genomes as queries. Our analyses revealed that 54 EVEs corresponding to 10 different viral lineages belonging to 5 viral families (Bunyaviridae, Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Totiviridae) and one viral order (Mononegavirales) became endogenized in the genome of the isopod crustacean Armadillidium vulgare. We show that viral endogenization occurred recurrently during the evolution of isopods and that A. vulgare viral lineages were involved in multiple host switches that took place between widely divergent taxa. Furthermore, 30 A. vulgare EVEs have uninterrupted open reading frames, suggesting they result from recent endogenization of viruses likely to be currently infecting isopod populations. Overall, our work shows that isopods have been and are still infected by a large variety of viruses. It also extends the host range of several families of viruses and brings new insights into their evolution. More generally, our results underline the power of paleovirology in characterizing the viral diversity currently infecting eukaryotic taxa.
Becoming Iconic: David Bowie from Man to Icon

From Nelson Mandela to Ronald Reagan, from Steve Jobs to Sam Walton, from Oprah to Martha Stewart, from Michael Jordan to Muhammad Ali, from Andy Warhol to Bruce Springsteen, from John Wayne to Woody Allen, cultural icons dominate our world. (Holt, 2004, p.1) The opening of Holt’s work on brands as icons highlights two important assumptions. First, that people can be icons. Second, icons are somehow different to celebrities, even though many of the people identified by Holt as icons have been studied as part of celebrity cultural studies (Crowley, 1999; Grano, 2009; Illouz, 2003) and the emerging area of human branding (Davis and Halligan, 2002; Kerri-gan et al., 2011; Schroeder, 2005; Thomson, 2006). This overlapping between people who are both celebrities and icons suggests that there is a lack of theoretical distinction between these concepts. Beyond elitist judgments of celebrity as empty reproduction and icons as legitimate symbols (Alexander, 2010) there is a need to understand when a person becomes a celebrity and an icon. Such conceptual distinctions are required when developing the concept of human brands beyond its current focus on celebrities. In particular, there is a need to consider if human brand icons operate at a larger macro level than current branding and endorsement literature has considered. Using structuration theory we consider how consumers form relationships and attachments not just with the celebrity (Gabriel, 1997; Parmenti-er, 2010; Thomson, 2006) but also how icons become representative symbols of complex sets of societal ideas and values (Holt, 2004).
Reversal of nerve ligation-induced allodynia by spinal alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists.

After nerve injury, a sympathetically dependent allodynia may be observed. Spinal alpha-2 agonists inhibit preganglionic neurons. The nature of the effect of alpha-2 agonists on allodynia induced by L5 and L6 nerve ligation (Chung model) was thus examined. Rats were implanted with spinal intrathecal catheters directed at the upper lumbar (L1-L2) or the lower cervical (C5-C6) spinal levels. After nerve injury, rats displayed a tactile allodynia (mean withdrawal thresholds, < 2.3 g). Lumbar intrathecal injection of alpha-2, but not alpha-1 or an opiate agonist, resulted in a dose-dependent reversal of the allodynia, with the ordering of activity (ED50 in micrograms in parentheses) being dexmedetomidine (0.9) > oxymetazoline (14) = guanfacine (17) = 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline (19) = 2-(2,6-diethylphenylamino)-2-imidazoline (21) = clonidine (22) > morphine (> 30) = methoxamine (> 30 micrograms). The effects of clonidine and 2-(2,6-diethylphenylamino)-2-imidazoline were reversed by the intrathecal injection of yohimbine. At equivalent doses, clonidine delivered systemically, i.c. v. by chronic ventricular guides, or at the level of the cervical spinal cord, produced substantially less antiallodynic action. These results jointly suggest that the sites of the antiallodynic action of spinal alpha-2 agonists are located at the level of the spinal preganglionic neurons and correspond to their ability to diminish preganglionic sympathetic outflow. The failure of morphine to exert an antiallodynic action reflects the fact that 1) opiates act presynaptically on small primary afferents and the allodynia is mediated by large afferent input and 2) opiates, unlike alpha-2 agonists do not have an effect on autonomic outflow.
MULTIMODAL PERSON TRACKING IN A SMART-ROOM ENVIRONMENT

Tracking speakers in multiparty conversations constitutes a fundamental task for automatic meeting analysis. In this work, we present the Person Tracking systems developed at UPC for audio, video and audio-video modalities. The proposed systems are designed to deal robustly in both single and multiperson localization task independently on the environmental conditions. Novelties proposed are aimed to enhance the accuracy of the system independently on the application scenario and to reduce the computational complexity. Besides the technology description, experimental results conducted for the CLEAR evaluation workshop are also reported.
Involvement of the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor and Its Endogenous Ligand 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in Oxazolone-Induced Contact Dermatitis in Mice1

The possible involvement of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), in contact dermatitis in mouse ear was investigated. We found that the level of 2-AG was markedly elevated in the ear following a challenge with oxazolone in sensitized mice. Of note, the swelling following the challenge was suppressed by either the administration of SR144528, a CB2 receptor antagonist, immediately after sensitization, or the administration of SR144528 upon the challenge. The effect of AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist, was marginal in either case. It seems apparent, therefore, that the CB2 receptor and its endogenous ligand 2-AG are closely involved in both the sensitization phase and the elicitation phase of oxazolone-induced contact dermatitis. In line with this, we found that Langerhans cells (MHC class II+) contain a substantial amount of CB2 receptor mRNA, whereas keratinocytes (MHC class II−) do not. We also obtained evidence that the expression of mRNAs for proinflammatory cytokines following a challenge with oxazolone was markedly suppressed by treatment with SR144528. We next examined whether the CB2 receptor and 2-AG participate in chronic contact dermatitis accompanied by the infiltration of tissues by eosinophils. The amount of 2-AG in mouse ear dramatically increased following repeated challenge with oxazolone. Importantly, treatment with SR144528 attenuated both the recruitment of eosinophils and ear swelling in chronic contact dermatitis induced by repeated challenge with oxazolone. These results strongly suggest that the CB2 receptor and 2-AG play important stimulative roles in the sensitization, elicitation, and exacerbation of allergic inflammation.
Student perceptions of the Flipped Classroom

The Flipped Classroom is an instructional strategy that can provide educators with a way of minimizing the amount of direct-instruction in their teaching practice while maximizing one-to-one interaction. This strategy leverages technology providing additional supporting instructional material for students that can be accessed online. This frees up classroom time that had previously been used for lecturing. Students in three high school math classrooms where instruction was " flipped " were surveyed to examine their perceptions of the Flipped Classroom and to assess the role social media, educational technology, mastery learning, and self-pacing played in Flipped Classroom environments. The survey also addressed how the Flipped Classroom could support student learning and what could be done to improve Flipped Classroom implementations. The survey utilized both qualitative and quantitative research measures which provided a broader understanding of how students responded as a group and as individuals. The results revealed three major findings: students are doing less homework in a Flipped Classroom than in a traditional lecture-based classroom, students enjoyed learning in a Flipped Classroom environment, and students benefited from watching their lectures in condensed lesson videos. This research has implications for instructional delivery in 21st century classrooms. The findings of this study illustrate that technology can provide a self-paced instructional setting that can effectively support mastery learning for students. Additionally, educators who use the Flipped Classroom can add additional supporting elements like assessment for learning, problem-based inquiry, strategies for differentiation, and can iii create, overall, an environment for instruction that is more flexible than traditional classroom settings. Recommendations that emerged from the findings for improving Flipped Classroom implementation included: interactive instructional videos, increased in-class learning activities, and alterations to assessment.