Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(Semantic Security and Pseudo-Random Permutations)

Probabilistic symmetric encryption have already been widely studied, from a theoretical point of view. Nevertheless, many applications require length-preserving encryption, to be patched at a minimal cost to include privacy without modifying the format (e.g. encrypted lesystems). In this paper, we thus consider the security notions for length-preserving, deterministic and symmetric encryption schemes, also termed ciphers: semantic security under lunchtime and challenge-adaptive adversaries. We fur- thermore provide some relations for this notion between dieren t models of adversaries, and the more classical security notions for ciphers: pseudo-random permutations (PRP) and super pseudo-random permutations (SPRP).
The impact of visual and motor skills on ideational apraxia and transcortical sensory aphasia.

BACKGROUND Patients with extensive left hemisphere damage frequently have ideational apraxia (IA) and transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA). Difficulty with action coordination, phonological processing, and complex motor planning may not be indicative of higher-order motor programming or higher-order complex formation. We report on the effects of IA and TSA on the visual and motor skill of stroke patients. PURPOSE The study aims to address the question of whether IA and TSA in bilingual individuals are the results of an error of motor function alone or due to a combined motor plus and cognitive dysfunction effect. METHOD Twelve bilingual patients (seven males, and five females) were diagnosed with IA and TSA, and are divided into two groups of six patients. Then, 12 healthy bilingual controls were evaluated for comparing with both groups. Bilingual aphasia testing (BAT) and appropriate behavioral evaluation were used to assess motor skills, including coordination, visual-motor testing, and phonological processing. RESULTS Findings (pointing skills) show that the performance of the L1 and L2 languages are consistently significant (p < 0.001) in healthy individuals compared to the IA and TSA groups. Command skills for L1 and L2 languages were significantly higher in healthy individuals compared to IA and TSA controls (p < 0.001). Further, the orthographic skills of IA and TSA vs controls in both groups were significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Visual skills in the L1 language were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in IA and TSA patients compared to healthy controls after 2 months. Unlike orthographic skills which were improved in IA and TSA patients, languages in bilingual patients did not simultaneously improve. CONCLUSION Dyspraxia is a condition that affects both motor and visual cognitive functions, and patients who have it often have less referred motor skills. The current dataset shows that accurate visual cognition requires both cognitive-linguistic and sensory-motor processes. Motor issues should be highlighted, and skills and functionality should be reinforced along with the significance of treatment between IA and TSA corresponding to age and education. This can be a good indicator for treating semantic disorders.
Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions via Inhibition of Hydrolases by Orlistat, an Anti-Obesity Drug

Drug-drug interactions (DDI) have a significant impact on drug efficacy and safety. It has been reported that orlistat, an anti-obesity drug, inhibits the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenol acetate, a common substrate of the major drug-metabolizing hydrolases, carboxylesterase (CES) 1, CES2, and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), in vitro. The aim of this study was to examine whether orlistat affects the pharmacokinetics of drug(s) metabolized by hydrolases in vivo after evaluating its inhibitory potencies against CES1, CES2, and AADAC in vitro. Orlistat potently inhibited the hydrolysis of acebutolol, a specific substrate of CES2, in a non-competitive manner (inhibition constant, Ki = 2.95 ± 0.16 nM), whereas it slightly inhibited the hydrolysis of temocapril and eslicarbazepine acetate, specific substrates of CES1 and AADAC, respectively (IC50 >100 nM). The in vivo DDI potential was elucidated using mice, in which orlistat showed strong inhibition against acebutolol hydrolase activities in the liver and intestinal microsomes, similar to humans. The area under the curve (AUC) of acebutolol was increased by 43%, whereas the AUC of acetolol, a hydrolyzed metabolite of acebutolol, was decreased by 47% by co-administration of orlistat. The ratio of the Ki value to the maximum unbound plasma concentration of orlistat (<0.012) is lower than the risk criteria for DDI in the liver defined by the US Food and Drug Administration guideline (>0.02), whereas the ratio of the Ki value to the estimated intestinal luminal concentration (3.3 × 105) is considerably higher than the risk criteria in the intestine (>10). Therefore, this suggests that orlistat causes DDI by inhibiting hydrolases in the intestine. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study demonstrated that orlistat, an anti-obesity drug, causes drug-drug interactions in vivo by potently inhibiting carboxylesterase 2 in the intestine. This is the first evidence that inhibition of hydrolases causes drug-drug interactions.
Tetrahydroquinazoline N‐oxide derivatives inhibit reproduction of tick‐borne and mosquito‐borne flaviviruses

Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and West Nile virus (WNV) are flaviviruses causing emerging arthropod‐borne infections of a great public health concern. Clinically approved drugs are not available to complement or replace the existing vaccines, which do not provide sufficient coverage. Thus, the discovery and characterization of new antiflaviviral chemotypes would advance studies in this field. In this study, a series of tetrahydroquinazoline N‐oxides was synthesized, and the antiviral activity of the compounds was assessed against TBEV, YFV, and WNV using the plaque reduction assay along with the cytotoxicity to the corresponding cell lines (porcine embryo kidney and Vero). Most of the studied compounds were active against TBEV (EC50 2 to 33 μM) and WNV (EC50 0.15 to 34 μM) and a few also demonstrated inhibitory activity against YFV (EC50 0.18 to 41 μM). To investigate the potential mechanism of action of the synthesized compounds, time‐of‐addition (TOA) experiments and virus yield reduction assays were performed for TBEV. The TOA studies suggested that the antiviral activity of the compounds should affect the early stages of the viral replication cycle after cell entry. Compounds with tetrahydroquinazoline N‐oxide scaffold show a broad spectrum of activity against flaviviruses and represent a promising chemotype for antiviral drug discovery.
Multiclass classification of environmental chemical stimuli from unbalanced plant electrophysiological data

Plant electrophysiological response contains useful signature of its environment and health which can be utilized using suitable statistical analysis for developing an inverse model to classify the stimulus applied to the plant. In this paper, we have presented a statistical analysis pipeline to tackle a multiclass environmental stimuli classification problem with unbalanced plant electrophysiological data. The objective here is to classify three different environmental chemical stimuli, using fifteen statistical features, extracted from the plant electrical signals and compare the performance of eight different classification algorithms. A comparison using reduced dimensional projection of the high dimensional features via principal component analysis (PCA) has also been presented. Since the experimental data is highly unbalanced due to varying length of the experiments, we employ a random under-sampling approach for the two majority classes to create an ensemble of confusion matrices to compare the classification performances. Along with this, three other multi-classification performance metrics commonly used for unbalanced data viz. balanced accuracy, F1-score and Matthews correlation coefficient have also been analyzed. From the stacked confusion matrices and the derived performance metrics, we choose the best feature-classifier setting in terms of the classification performances carried out in the original high dimensional vs. the reduced feature space, for this highly unbalanced multiclass problem of plant signal classification due to different chemical stress. Difference in the classification performances in the high vs. reduced dimensions are also quantified using the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) hypothesis testing. Our findings have potential real-world applications in precision agriculture for exploring multiclass classification problems with highly unbalanced datasets, employing a combination of existing machine learning algorithms. This work also advances existing studies on environmental pollution level monitoring using plant electrophysiological data.
Day‐to‐day individual alpha frequency variability measured by a mobile EEG device relates to anxiety

The individual alpha frequency (IAF) has previously been identified as a unique neural signature within the 8–12 Hz alpha frequency band. However, the day‐to‐day variability of this feature is unknown. To investigate this, healthy participants recorded their own brain activity daily at home using the Muse 2 headband, a low‐cost consumer‐grade mobile electroencephalography (EEG) device. Resting‐state recordings of all participants using a high‐density (HD) EEG were also collected in lab before and after the at‐home data collection period. We found that the IAF extracted from the Muse 2 was comparable to that of location‐matched HD‐EEG electrodes. No significant difference was found between these IAF values before and after the at‐home recording period for the HD‐EEG device. Similarly, there was also no statistically significant difference between the beginning and end of the at‐home recording period for the Muse 2 headband over 1 month. Despite the group‐level stability of IAF, the individual‐level day‐to‐day IAF variability carried mental health‐relevant information: Exploratory analyses revealed a relationship between IAF day‐to‐day variability and trait anxiety. We also noted that the IAF systematically varied across the scalp and although the Muse 2 electrodes do not cover the occipital lobe where alpha oscillations were the strongest, IAFs measured in the temporal lobe and occipital lobe were strongly correlated. Altogether, these results show that mobile EEG devices are useful for studying IAF variability. The relationship between day‐to‐day variability of region‐specific IAF and the dynamics of psychiatric symptoms, particularly anxiety, should be further investigated.
A hybrid structured-unstructured grid method for aerodynamic flow simulations

In this paper a hybrid structured-unstructured grid method is described. Structured grids are applied in regions close to solid walls with an unstructured filling elsewere. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved in the structured regions and the Euler equations are solved in the unstructured region. The flexibility of generating unstructured grids about complex configurations is thereby combined with the computational efficiency of structured grids in regions of intense viscous shear. The trade-off is the additional computaual costs for the interface boundary. The objective ,,'this paper is to assess the potential of this method with respect to accuracy and computational efficiency. Test case computations of subsonic and transonic flow around a NACA0012-profile show that flow solutions on hybrid grids agree well with corresponding flow solutions on purely structured grids. The convergence rates for hybrid grids and structured grids are found to be comparable. Local time stepping and implicit residual smoothing has been successfully applied to accelerate convergence to steady state.
Interface control technologies for high-power GaN transistors: Self-stopping etching of p-GaN layers utilizing electrochemical reactions

The selective and low-damaged etching of p-type GaN or AlGaN layer is inevitable process for AlGaN/GaN high-power transistors. We have investigated an electrochemical etching of p-GaN layer grown on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures, consisting of an anodic oxidation of p-GaN surface and a subsequent dissolution of the resulting oxide. The p-GaN layer was electrochemically etched by following the pattern of the SiO2 film that acted as an etching mask. Etching depth was linearly controlled by cycle number of triangular waveform at a rate of 25 nm/cycle. The AFM, TEM and μ-AES results showed that the top p-GaN layer was completely removed after 5 cycles applied, and the etching reaction was automatically sopped on the AlGaN surface. I-V and C-V measurements revealed that no significant damages were induced in the AlGaN/GaN heterostructures.
Association between programmed death-1 pathway and major depression

Abstract Objectives Major depression (MD) may be associated with inflammation and immunity. PD-1 (programmed death-1), PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) and PD-L2 (programmed death-ligand 2) are among the inhibitory immune mediators on the PD-1 pathway. However, previous data regarding the association between MD and PD-1 pathway were still scarce; therefore, we investigated the association of PD-1 pathway with MD. Methods During a period of 2 years, patients with MD and healthy controls were recruited from a medical centre in this study. The diagnosis of MD was established according to the DSM-5 criteria. The severity of MD was assessed with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 were detected in peripheral blood from MD patients after 4 weeks of treatment with antidepressant drugs. Results A total of 54 patients with MD and 38 healthy controls were recruited. According to the analyses, there is a significantly higher PD-L2 level in MD than in healthy controls and lower PD-1 level after age and BMI adjustment. Besides, moderately positive correlation between HAM-D scores and PD-L2 level was found. Conclusions It was found that PD-1 pathway might play an important role in MD. We need a large sample to prove these results in the future.
Assessment of remote ischemic conditioning delivery with optical sensor in acute ischemic stroke: Randomised clinical trial protocol

Background Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is delivered by a blood pressure cuff over the limb, raising pressure 50 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure, to a maximum of 200 mmHg. The cuff is inflated for five minutes and then deflated for five minutes in a sequential ischemia-reperfusion cycle 4–5 times per session. Elevated pressure in the limb may be associated with discomfort and consequently reduced compliance. Continuous assessment of relative blood concentration and oxygenation with a tissue reflectance spectroscopy (a type of optical sensor device) placed over the forearm during the RIC sessions of the arm will allow us to observe the effect of inflation and deflation of the pressure cuff. We hypothesize, in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and small vessel disease, RIC delivered together with a tissue reflectance sensor will be feasible. Methods The study is a prospective, single-center, randomized control trial testing the feasibility of the device. Patients with AIS within 7 days from symptoms onset; who also have small vessel disease will be randomized 2:1 to intervention or sham control arms. All patients randomized to the intervention arm will receive 5 cycles of ischemia/reperfusion in the non-paralyzed upper limb with a tissue reflectance sensor and patients in the sham control arm will receive pressure by keeping the cuff pressure at 30 mmHg for 5 minutes. A total of 51 patients will be randomized, 17 in the sham control arm and 34 in the intervention arm. The primary outcome measure will be the feasibility of RIC delivered for 7 days or at the time of discharge. The secondary device-related outcome measures are fidelity of RIC delivery and the completion rate of intervention. The secondary clinical outcome includes a modified Rankin scale, recurrent stroke and cognitive assessment at 90 days. Discussion RIC delivery together with a tissue reflectance sensor will allow insight into the blood concentration and blood oxygenation changes in the skin. This will allow individualized delivery of the RIC and improve compliance. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05408130, June 7, 2022.
Comment on "Combinatorial Rule Explosion Eliminated by a Fuzzy Rule Configuration"

The "curse of dimensionality" is one of the key problems facing fuzzy systems theory today. Fuzzy systems are based on a set of IF-THEN rules and the structure of these fuzzy rules causes an exponential growth in the number of rules when more inputs are added, resulting in unwieldy rulebases. Many strategies have been proposed to alleviate the curse of dimensionality. In (1), the authors attempt to reduce the growth of the fuzzy rulebase by proposing a disjunctive form for fuzzy rules. In the current paper, we comment on this approach and show that it is mathematically invalid, as illustrated by an example.
Direct Oral Anticoagulation Versus Warfarin in Left Ventricular Thrombus: Pooled Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Patients with impaired left ventricular (LV) function can develop LV thrombus, a potentially life‐threatening condition due to risk of stroke and embolization. Conventional treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs; e.g., warfarin) puts patients at risk of bleeding, and the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) appears promising, although data are scant. We searched the published English language literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DOACs with VKAs in LV thrombus. End points were failure to resolve, thromboembolic events (stroke, embolism), bleeding, or any adverse event (composite of thromboembolism or bleeding), or all‐cause death. Data were pooled and analyzed in hierarchical Bayesian models. In three eligible RCTs, 141 patients were studied during an average of 4.6 months (53.8 patient‐years; n = 71 assigned to DOAC, n = 70 assigned to VKA). A similar number of patients in each treatment arm demonstrated failure to resolve (DOAC: 14/71 vs. VKA: 15/70) and death events (3/71 vs. 4/70). However, patients on DOACs suffered fewer strokes/thromboembolic events (1/71 vs. 7/70; log odds ratio [OR], −2.02 [95% credible interval (CI95), −4.53 to −0.31]) and fewer bleeding events (2/71 vs. 9/70; log OR, −1.62 [CI95, −3.43 to −0.26]), leading to fewer patients on DOACs with any adverse event versus VKAs (3/71 vs. 16/70; log OR, −1.93 [CI95, −3.33 to −0.75]). In conclusion, pooled analysis of RCT data favors DOACs over VKAs in patients with LV thrombus in terms of both efficacy and safety.
A chemical defense deters cannibalism in migratory locusts

Many animals engage in cannibalism to supplement their diets. Among dense populations of migratory locusts, cannibalism is prevalent. We show that under crowded conditions, locusts produce an anticannibalistic pheromone called phenylacetonitrile. Both the degree of cannibalism and the production of phenylacetonitrile are density dependent and covary. We identified the olfactory receptor that detects phenylacetonitrile and used genome editing to make this receptor nonfunctional, thereby abolishing the negative behavioral response. We also inactivated the gene underlying phenylacetonitrile production and show that locusts that lack this compound lose its protection and are more frequently exposed to intraspecific predation. Thus, we reveal an anticannibalistic feature built on a specifically produced odor. The system is very likely to be of major importance in locust population ecology, and our results might therefore provide opportunities in locust management. Description Editor’s summary Locusts spend much of their lives living as peaceful herbivores. However, in response to various cues, they change morphologies, aggregate, and create huge swarms. Swarming locusts look different and behave differently, including engaging in cannibalism. Chang et al. identified a mechanism though which young locusts can limit their potential to be preyed upon by conspecifics (see the Perspective by Couzin and Couzin-Fuchs). A specific compound, phenylacetonitrile, is produced by locust nymphs raised in crowded conditions and protects the animals from their cannibalistic relatives. Characterization of this mechanism could contribute to an improved understanding of locust swarming behavior. —Sacha Vignieri Cannibalistic locusts avoid eating smelly conspecifics.
Improved Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter for Tracking a Ballistic Object

A ballistic target on reentry has a high speed,nolinear equation of motion appears as the target is forced intricately.In order to solving the nonlinear tracking problem,using UT transformation to approach posterior distribution,systematic mean value of state and single-step forecast mean square error;convert measuration data into descartes coordinate system,calculate filter gain,filter mean square error and filter state in the frame of kalman filtering are got.At the same time,using more stable numerical value to calculate single-step forecast mean square error and filter mean square error;state error covariance and measurement error covariance are estimated adaptively by calculating residual error.Compared with UKF,the new algorithm has a higher arithmetic speed and better tracking accuracy according to the simulation results.
Contending with Paradox: Feminist Investments in Gender Training

State institutions and agencies of global governance increasingly speak the language of feminist concepts. The institutionalization of gender mainstreaming, the adoption of gender policies, the appointment of gender advisors, and the provision of gender training are key ways in which the term gender is taken up by powerful institutions. While some observers see this as an important step toward feminist transformation, critical feminist theorizing warns of the amenability of feminist concepts to become co-opted to serve the status quo. In this essay, I track the travels of the concept of gender to an unlikely setting: the training of military and police peacekeepers. I ask: What political and epistemic work does the concept of gender do when it is taken up by martial institutions? Drawing on participant observation of gender training across a range of sites, I suggest that the politics of gender training are deeply ambivalent: training both reproduces forms of epistemic violence that sustain colonial hierarchies and heterosexist worldviews and involves a practice of small subversions that destabilize hegemonic norms. In order to push our thinking beyond the eminently reasonable but analytically and politically unsatisfactory conclusion that training is both “good” and “bad” feminist politics, I argue for the need to contend with such projects as specifically paradoxical. I advocate for developing analytical modes that attend to a politics of the present and recognize the political worth of subversive engagement and, ultimately, for continuing to contest what work gender can and cannot be made to do.