Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dynamic interactive model of person construal: Coordinating sensory and social processes

As you walk down a busy street, you happily glance around, momentarily glimpsing dozens if not hundreds of other people. As decades of research have shown, a mere glimpse of these individuals allows you to to place each of them quickly and efficiently into a number of relevant social categories. Most important, it seems, are sex, race, age, and emotion (Calder, Young, Perrett, Etcoff, & Rowland, 1996; Macrae & Bodenhausen, 2000), although it is becoming increasingly clear that other, more ambiguous categories may be automatically extracted as well, such as sexual orientation (Rule, Macrae, & Ambady, 2009). All this information may be availed to perceivers in just a fraction of a second. In the laboratory, for example, if a participant is asked explicitly to categorize a face by sex, response latencies generally hover around a half a second (e.g., Quinn & Macrae, 2005). Of course, reaction time tasks are accompanied by a large motor component (all the time required to convert cognitive representations into a hand movement), and eventrelated potential (ERP) findings suggest that such categorizations may be cognitively furnished within even shorter time periods (e.g., Freeman, Ambady, & Holcomb, 2010; Ito & Urland, 2003). Regardless, perceivers are able to extract categorical information rapidly from other people with impressive ease, so much so that the process appears to be mandatory. It is only recently that social psychologists have become concerned with the perceptual processes culminating in social categorization. Traditionally, the focus has been on the consequences of categorization and the host of cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects that ensue. Consider, for example, two influential models of impression formation, Fiske and Neuberg’s (1990) continuum model and Brewer’s (1988) dualprocess model. According to these models, from some array of available cues arises a dominant categorization (e.g., black), which then exerts a host of influences on impressions, memory, and behavior. It automatically activates related stereotypes (Devine, 1989), albeit conditionally (Gilbert & Hixon, 1991; Macrae & Bodenhausen, 2000), which then bias impressions in ways that are often stereotypically consistent. This categorybased responding, however, may be tempered by a number of factors, such as attention or motivation. With the help of such intervening factors, these models posit that perceivers may move beyond categories and begin to rely more on individuating information, such as the observation that the target person pushed her friend. In general, these models argue that perceivers by default resort to categorybased responding, presumably because it maximizes cognitive efficiency and streamlines the demands of social interaction (also see C h a p t e r 16
Division of Household Labor, Strain, and Depressive Symptoms Among Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites

This article presents preliminary tests of the hypothesis that household labor serves as a source of strain and is indirectly associated with depressive symptoms. It also examines associations of gender and Mexican–American ethnicity with housework, household strain, and depressed mood. Respondents are 668 Mexican Americans and 394 non-Hispanic whites. Because respondents are randomly selected community residents and are married, average strain and depressive symptom levels are low. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that housework affects depressed mood indirectly, through household strain. Among women, housework is associated with an increased likelihood of household strain, which, in turn, is associated with depressive symptoms. Among men, housework is unrelated to household strain, but household strain is associated with depressed mood. Although ethnicity and gender are associated with household division of labor, with more traditional patterns among Mexican Americans, ethnicity does not modify associations among housework, household strain, and depressive symptoms.
MILCS: a mutual information learning classifier system

This paper introduces a new variety of learning classifier system (LCS), called MILCS, which utilizes mutual information as fitness feedback. Unlike most LCSs, MILCS is specifically designed for supervised learning. MILCS's design draws on an analogy to the structural learning approach of cascade correlation networks. We present preliminary results, and contrast them to results from XCS. We discuss the explanatory power of the resulting rule sets, and introduce a new technique for visualizing explanatory power. Final comments include future directions for this research, including investigations in neural networks and other systems.
Within the Dynamic Context: Inertia-aware 3D Human Modeling with Pose Sequence

Neural rendering techniques have significantly advanced 3D human body modeling. However, previous approaches often overlook dynamics induced by factors such as motion inertia, leading to challenges in scenarios like abrupt stops after rotation, where the pose remains static while the appearance changes. This limitation arises from reliance on a single pose as conditional input, resulting in ambiguity in mapping one pose to multiple appearances. In this study, we elucidate that variations in human appearance depend not only on the current frame's pose condition but also on past pose states. Therefore, we introduce Dyco, a novel method utilizing the delta pose sequence representation for non-rigid deformations and canonical space to effectively model temporal appearance variations. To prevent a decrease in the model's generalization ability to novel poses, we further propose low-dimensional global context to reduce unnecessary inter-body part dependencies and a quantization operation to mitigate overfitting of the delta pose sequence by the model. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we collected a novel dataset named I3D-Human, with a focus on capturing temporal changes in clothing appearance under approximate poses. Through extensive experiments on both I3D-Human and existing datasets, our approach demonstrates superior qualitative and quantitative performance. In addition, our inertia-aware 3D human method can unprecedentedly simulate appearance changes caused by inertia at different velocities.
Audiovisual speaker identification based on lip and speech modalities

In this article, we present a bimodal speaker identification method, which integrates both acoustic and visual features and where the two audiovisual stream modalities are processed in parallel. We also propose a fusion technique that combines the two modalities to make the final recognition decision. Experiments are conducted on an audiovisual dataset containing the 28 Arabic syllables pronounced by ten speakers. Results show the importance of the visual information that is provided by Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in addition to the audio information corresponding to the Mel Frequency Cepstra Coefficients (MFCC) and Perceptual Linear Predictive (PLP). Furthermore some artificial neural networks such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) were investigated and tested successfully in this dataset by presenting good recognition performances with serial concatenation for the acoustic and visual vectors.
Hybrid data management system for mHealth

Mobile and wearable sensing technology stands to provide a wealth of information to healthcare providers, and allows them to envision systems with reduced costs, automated monitoring and evaluation, and overall improved healthcare services. However, the volume of data produced by such mobile and sensing technologies needs to be managed efficiently and continuously so as to realize its full potential in providing cutting-edge services. In this paper, we propose a mHealth data management system with the aim to provide near real-time operational an analytical services, while supporting long-term and offline processes and deep analytics. The components of the system will be discussed, and the potential workflows will be outlined.
Satisfaction in Close Relationships

Part I Models of love and satisfaction in close relationships: marital satisfaction in evolutionary psychological perspective, Shackelford, Buss attachment and relationship satisfaction across the lifespan, Koski, Shaver love and satisfaction, Hendrick a hierachical model of love and its prediction of satisfaction in close relationships, Barnes, Sternberg philosophy as a model of relationship satisfaction, Hojjat. Part II Satisfaction over the course of close relationships: a temporal view of relationship satisfaction and stability, Berscheid, Lopes marital satisfaction and spousal interaction, Feeney, Noller, Ward "rethinking" satisfaction in personal relationships from a dialectical perspective. Erbert, Duck. Part III Conflict and satisfaction in close relationships: angry at your partner? Think again, Christensen, Walczynski marital quality - a new theoretical perspective, Fincham, Beach, Kemp-Fincham. Part IV Psychotherapy and satisfaction in close relationships: acceptance in couple therapy and its implications for the treatment of depression, Cordova, Jacobson the the erosion of satisfaction over time and how to prevent it, Cordova, Markman, Laurenceau a schema-focused perspective on satisfaction in close relationships, Young, Gluhoski.
Generation and Characterization of a Cyp2f2-Null Mouse and Studies on the Role of CYP2F2 in Naphthalene-Induced Toxicity in the Lung and Nasal Olfactory Mucosa

The CYP2F enzymes, abundantly expressed in the respiratory tract, are active toward many xenobiotic compounds, including naphthalene (NA). However, the precise roles of these enzymes in tissue-selective chemical toxicity have been difficult to resolve. A Cyp2f2-null mouse was generated in this study by disrupting the Cyp2f2 fourth exon. Homozygous Cyp2f2-null mice, which had no CYP2F2 expression and showed no changes in the expression of other P450 genes examined, were viable and fertile and had no in utero lethality or developmental deficits. The loss of CYP2F2 expression led to substantial decreases in the in vitro catalytic efficiency of microsomal NA epoxygenases in lung (up to ∼160-fold), liver (∼3-fold), and nasal olfactory mucosa (OM; up to ∼16-fold), and significant decreases in rates of systemic NA (300 mg/kg i.p.) clearance. The Cyp2f2-null mice were largely resistant to NA-induced cytotoxicity, when examined at 24 h after NA dosing (at 300 mg/kg i.p.), and to NA-induced depletion of total nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH), examined at 2 h after dosing, in the lungs. In contrast, the loss of CYP2F2 expression did not alleviate NA-induced NPSH depletion or tissue toxicity in the OM. Mouse CYP2F2 clearly plays an essential role in the bioactivation and toxicity of NA in the lung but not in the OM. The Cyp2f2-null mouse should be valuable for studies on the role of CYP2F2 in the metabolism and toxicity of numerous other xenobiotic compounds and for future production of a CYP2F1-humanized mouse.
‘I'd hate to be just a housewife’: Career aspirations of British Muslim girls

Abstract The career hopes of, and the career guidance provided to, a group of adolescent Muslim girls are analysed. In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 British Asian Muslim girls in the final year of compulsory schooling at three schools, with their parents and with 18 of their teachers. The findings indicate British Muslims' ardent desire for upward social mobility through the routes of education and careers, point to the role of negotiation and persuasion in career choices, and caution against stereotyping ethnic-minority groups.
Thermal gravitino production and collider tests of leptogenesis

Considering gravitino dark matter scenarios, we obtain the full gauge-invariant result for the relic density of thermally produced gravitinos to leading order in the standard model gauge couplings. For the temperatures required by thermal leptogenesis, we find gaugino mass bounds which will be probed at future colliders. We show that a conceivable determination of the gravitino mass will allow for a unique test of the viability of thermal leptogenesis in the laboratory.
Bedeutung und Ergebnisse der Theory of Mind-Forschung für den Autismus und andere psychiatrische Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung: Erkrankungen des autistischen Spektrums sind im Wesentlichen durch folgende Symptomtriade gekennzeichnet: Storung der sozialen Interaktion, Storung der Kommunikation, sowie stereotype Verhaltensmuster und Interessen. Einer der prominentesten Ansatze zur Erklarung dieser Auffalligkeiten stellt die «Theory of Mind» dar (Baron-Cohen et al., 1985). Die vorliegende Ubersichtsarbeit diskutiert den aktuellen Forschungsstand hierzu und stellt wesentliche Ergebnisse der letzten 10 Jahre zusammenfassend dar. Gleichzeitig werden diese kritisch hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutsamkeit fur die Erklarung anderer psychiatrischer Erkrankungen und ihrer methodischen Qualitat betrachtet. Trotz der vielfaltigen Forschungsbemuhungen zu diesem Thema stellen die unterschiedlichen Storungskonzepte noch kein einheitliches Rahmenmodell zur Entstehung der Erkrankungen des autistischen Spektrums dar. Zukunftige Forschung sollte sich zum Ziel setzen, den Erklarungswert der einzelnen theoretischen Modelle genauer zu uberpruf.
The role of innovations in secondary school efficiency : Evidence from a conditional efficiency model

This paper studies the influence of educational innovations on school performance. We apply a tailored, fully nonparametric conditional efficiency model to study secondary school efficiency in the Netherlands. The application uses official school data and a self-collected questionnaire on recent innovations in schools. In the non-parametric model, it is assumed that schools aim to maximize educational attainments of students under a budget constraint. The results suggest that innovations are positively related to efficiency. We find that profiling, pedagogic, process and education chain innovations are significantly related to school efficiency, whereas innovations in the professionalization of teachers are insignificantly related to school efficiency. Furthermore, the number of locations per school and the number of schools per governing body are negative and significant related to school efficiency. JEL-classification – C14; C61; I21; O31.
Development and Evaluation of a Highly Scalable News Recommender System

The development of highly scalable recommender systems, able to deliver recommendations in real time, is a challenging task. In contrast to traditional recommender systems, recommending news entails additional requirements. These requirements include tight response times, heavy load peaks, and continuously changing collections of users and items. In this paper we describe our participation at the CLEFNewsREEL challenge 2015. We present our highly scalable implementation of a news recommendation algorithm. The developed approach alleviates all the specific challenges of news recommender systems. We use the Akka framework to build an asynchronous, distributable system able to run concurrently on multiple machines. Based on the framework a time window-based, most popular algorithm for recommending news articles is implemented. The evaluation shows that our system implemented using the Akka framework scales well with the restrictions and outperforms the recommendation precision of the baseline recommender.
Stem Cell Pathways Contribute to Clinical Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer

Purpose: Within heterogeneous tumors, subpopulations often labeled cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified that have enhanced tumorigenicity and chemoresistance in ex vivo models. However, whether these populations are more capable of surviving chemotherapy in de novo tumors is unknown. Experimental Design: We examined 45 matched primary/recurrent tumor pairs of high-grade ovarian adenocarcinomas for expression of CSC markers ALDH1A1, CD44, and CD133 using immunohistochemistry. Tumors collected immediately after completion of primary therapy were then laser capture microdissected and subjected to a quantitative PCR array examining stem cell biology pathways (Hedgehog, Notch, TGF-β, and Wnt). Select genes of interest were validated as important targets using siRNA-mediated downregulation. Results: Primary samples were composed of low densities of ALDH1A1, CD44, and CD133. Tumors collected immediately after primary therapy were more densely composed of each marker, whereas samples collected at first recurrence, before initiating secondary therapy, were composed of similar percentages of each marker as their primary tumor. In tumors collected from recurrent platinum-resistant patients, only CD133 was significantly increased. Of stem cell pathway members examined, 14% were significantly overexpressed in recurrent compared with matched primary tumors. Knockdown of genes of interest, including endoglin/CD105 and the hedgehog mediators Gli1 and Gli2, led to decreased ovarian cancer cell viability, with Gli2 showing a novel contribution to cisplatin resistance. Conclusions: These data indicate that ovarian tumors are enriched with CSCs and stem cell pathway mediators, especially at the completion of primary therapy. This suggests that stem cell subpopulations contribute to tumor chemoresistance and ultimately recurrent disease. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 869–81. ©2011 AACR.
Study on Control Method of Virtual Food Texture by Electrical Muscle Stimulation

We propose Electric Food Texture System, which can present virtual food texture such as hardness and elasticity by electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) to the masseter muscle. In our previous study, we investigated the feasibility to detect user's bite with a photoreflector and that to construct database of food texture with electromyography sensors. In this paper, we investigated the feasibility to control virtual food texture by EMS. We conducted an experiment to reveal the relationship of the parameters of EMS and those of virtual food texture. The experimental results show that the higher strength of EMS is, the harder virtual food texture is, and the longer duration of EMS is, the more elastic virtual food texture is.
How Do the Cerebral Hemispheres Contribute to Encoding Spatial Relations?

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JEP-KD: Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture Based Knowledge Distillation for Visual Speech Recognition

Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) tasks are generally recognized to have a lower theoretical performance ceiling than Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), owing to the inherent limitations of conveying semantic information visually. To mitigate this challenge, this paper introduces an advanced knowledge distillation approach using a Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture (JEPA), named JEP-KD, designed to more effectively utilize audio features during model training. Central to JEP-KD is the inclusion of a generative network within the embedding layer, which enhances the video encoder's capacity for semantic feature extraction and brings it into closer alignment with the audio features from a pre-trained ASR model's encoder. This approach aims to progressively reduce the performance gap between VSR and ASR. Moreover, a comprehensive multimodal, multistage training regimen for the JEP-KD framework is established, bolstering the robustness and efficacy of the training process. Experiment results demonstrate that JEP-KD significantly improves the performance of VSR models and demonstrates versatility across different VSR platforms, indicating its potential for broader application within other multimodal tasks.
The Young Addict and His Family

The available evidence suggests that adolescent drug addicts are likely to have an underlying personality disorder, to come from broken homes, and to have parents who are alcoholic, antisocial or mentally ill (Nylander, 1964; Chein, 1965; Rosenberg, 1969a and b). Assuming that a background of family instability is related to deviant behaviour—including the abuse of drugs—it seems probable that some of the siblings of young addicts, who grew up in similar circumstances, would also become the subjects of psychiatric disorder.
Effective VLSI architecture for Compressed Sensing based channel estimation in ISDB-T system

Compressed Sensing (CS) based channel estimation has been proven to give a better reconstruction results compared to conventional method. Despite promising a better result, CS based channel estimation still suffers from high complexity computations due to huge matrix multiplication and matrix inversion operations. This paper will propose an effective CS based channel estimation VLSI architecture for ISDB-T system. Since ISDB-T system is using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique for its transmission, its CS channel estimation will utilize a measurement matrix which is formed by parts of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix. By exploiting the fact that the measurement matrix will inherit some symmetrical properties from DFT matrix, we can achieve a low complexity CS based channel estimation for practical implementation.
Ancestral deceit and labile evolution of nectar production in the African orchid genus Disa

An outstanding feature of the orchid family is that approximately 30–40% of the species have non-rewarding flowers and deploy various modes of deception to attract pollinators, whereas the remaining species engage in pollination mutualisms based on provision of floral rewards. Here, we explore the direction, frequency and reversibility of transitions between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in the radiation of the large African genus Disa, and test whether these transitions had consequences for diversification. By optimizing nectar production data for 111 species on a well-resolved phylogeny, we confirmed that floral deception was the ancestral condition and that nectar production evolved at least nine times and was lost at least once. Transitions to nectar production first occurred ca 17 million years ago but did not significantly affect either speciation or extinction rates. Nectar evolved independently of a spur, which was lost and gained multiple times. These results show that nectar production can be a highly labile trait and highlight the need for further studies of the genetic architecture of nectar production and the selective factors underlying transitions between deception and mutualism.