Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mouse neuronal cell surface protein F3: a phosphatidylinositol- anchored member of the immunoglobulin superfamily related to chicken contactin

Several members of the Ig superfamily are expressed on neural cells where they participate in surface interactions between cell bodies and processes. Their Ig domains are more closely related to each other than to Ig variable and constant domains and have been grouped into the C2 set. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of another member of this group, the mouse neuronal cell surface antigen F3. The F3 cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame that could encode a 1,020-amino acid protein consisting of a signal sequence, six Ig-like domains of the C2 type, a long premembrane region containing two segments that exhibit sequence similarity to fibronectin type III repeats and a moderately hydrophobic COOH-terminal sequence. The protein does not contain a typical transmembrane segment but appears to be attached to the membrane by a phosphatidylinositol anchor. Antibodies against the F3 protein recognize a prominent 135-kD protein in mouse brain. In fetal brain cultures, they stain the neuronal cell surface and, in cultures maintained in chemically defined medium, most prominently neurites and neurite bundles. The mouse f3 gene maps to band F of chromosome 15. The gene transcripts detected in the brain by F3 cDNA probes are developmentally regulated, the highest amounts being expressed between 1 and 2 wk after birth. The F3 nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence show striking similarity to the recently published sequence of the chicken neuronal cell surface protein contactin. However, there are important differences between the two molecules. In contrast to F3, contactin has a transmembrane and a cytoplasmic domain. Whereas contactin is insoluble in nonionic detergent and is tightly associated with the cytoskeleton, about equal amounts of F3 distribute between buffer-soluble, nonionic detergent-soluble, and detergent- insoluble fractions. Among other neural cell surface proteins, F3 most resembles the neuronal cell adhesion protein L1, with 25% amino acid identity between their extracellular domains. Based on its structural similarity with known cell adhesion proteins of nervous tissue and with L1 in particular, we propose that F3 mediates cell surface interactions during nervous system development.
PROMOTING THE PENGUIN: WHO IS ADVOCATING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE IN COMMERCIAL SETTINGS?

The authors discusses the use of open source software (OSS) as opposed to proprietary closed source software in companies. Some of the questions proposed wonder who within an organization advocates the use of OSS and the reasons behind their beliefs. The authors acknowledge three levels of engagement with OSS, use of OSS, modifying OSS projects, and initiating OSS programs. Defined with technologys' technolgy support groups are five levels of employees defined as software architects, developers, testers, project managers, and general managers. Their study which used detailed interviews was conducted with input from the telecommunications department of a multinational electronics company.
Preliminary evaluation of electroencephalographic entrainment using thalamocortical modelling

Abstract: The concept of linked oscillators in biological control systems has long been established. Frequency entrainment is a predominant explanation behind many biological rhythms. In this paper a preliminary examination of electroencephalographic entrainment is made to survey the possibility and methods of achieving signal entrainment at the highest level of neurological organization and function. A model of the thalamocortical system is employed to generate simulated electroencephalographic signals and is tested in various configurations in the search for entrainment under very simple conditions. Additionally, an analysis of the coupled Van der Pol model of the circadian rhythm controller is performed to identify the possibility of affecting that system with a drastically different coupling input signal. We were able to conclude that overall signal shape can have a significant impact on the entrainment characteristics of the system. Due to the nature of the underlying mathematical structure of the model, by examining the circadian rhythm controller, we found that it is unsuitable for entrainment to an incident entraining signal of much higher frequency.
The structural basis of function in Cys-loop receptors

Abstract Cys-loop receptors are membrane-spanning neurotransmitter-gated ion channels that are responsible for fast excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The best studied members of the Cys-loop family are nACh, 5-HT3, GABAA and glycine receptors. All these receptors share a common structure of five subunits, pseudo-symmetrically arranged to form a rosette with a central ion-conducting pore. Some are cation selective (e.g. nACh and 5-HT3) and some are anion selective (e.g. GABAA and glycine). Each receptor has an extracellular domain (ECD) that contains the ligand-binding sites, a transmembrane domain (TMD) that allows ions to pass across the membrane, and an intracellular domain (ICD) that plays a role in channel conductance and receptor modulation. Cys-loop receptors are the targets for many currently used clinically relevant drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines and anaesthetics). Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these receptors could therefore provide the catalyst for further development in this field, as well as promoting the development of experimental techniques for other areas of neuroscience. In this review, we present our current understanding of Cys-loop receptor structure and function. The ECD has been extensively studied. Research in this area has been stimulated in recent years by the publication of high-resolution structures of nACh receptors and related proteins, which have permitted the creation of many Cys loop receptor homology models of this region. Here, using the 5-HT3 receptor as a typical member of the family, we describe how homology modelling and ligand docking can provide useful but not definitive information about ligand interactions. We briefly consider some of the many Cys-loop receptors modulators. We discuss the current understanding of the structure of the TMD, and how this links to the ECD to allow channel gating, and consider the roles of the ICD, whose structure is poorly understood. We also describe some of the current methods that are beginning to reveal the differences between different receptor states, and may ultimately show structural details of transitions between them.
A shared component model for detecting joint and selective clustering of two diseases

The study of spatial variations in disease rates is a common epidemiological approach used to describe the geographical clustering of diseases and to generate hypotheses about the possible ‘causes’ which could explain apparent differences in risk. Recent statistical and computational developments have led to the use of realistically complex models to account for overdispersion and spatial correlation. However, these developments have focused almost exclusively on spatial modelling of a single disease. Many diseases share common risk factors (smoking being an obvious example) and, if similar patterns of geographical variation of related diseases can be identified, this may provide more convincing evidence of real clustering in the underlying risk surface. We propose a shared component model for the joint spatial analysis of two diseases. The key idea is to separate the underlying risk surface for each disease into a shared and a disease‐specific component. The various components of this formulation are modelled simultaneously by using spatial cluster models implemented via reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We illustrate the methodology through an analysis of oral and oesophageal cancer mortality in the 544 districts of Germany, 1986–1990.
Perceptual Color Texture Codebooks for Retrieving in Highly Diverse Texture Datasets

Color and texture are visual cues of different nature, their integration in a useful visual descriptor is not an obvious step. One way to combine both features is to compute texture descriptors independently on each color channel. A second way is integrate the features at a descriptor level, in this case arises the problem of normalizing both cues. A significant progress in the last years in object recognition has provided the bag-of-words framework that again deals with the problem of feature combination through the definition of vocabularies of visual words. Inspired in this framework, here we present perceptual textons that will allow to fuse color and texture at the level of p-blobs, which is our feature detection step. Feature representation is based on two uniform spaces representing the attributes of the p-blobs. The low-dimensionality of these text on spaces will allow to bypass the usual problems of previous approaches. Firstly, no need for normalization between cues; and secondly, vocabularies are directly obtained from the perceptual properties of text on spaces without any learning step. Our proposal improve current state-of-art of color-texture descriptors in an image retrieval experiment over a highly diverse texture dataset from Corel.
A Nonerythroid Isoform of Protein 4.1R Interacts with the Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus (NuMA) Protein

Red blood cell protein 4.1 (4.1R) is an 80- kD erythrocyte phosphoprotein that stabilizes the spectrin/actin cytoskeleton. In nonerythroid cells, multiple 4.1R isoforms arise from a single gene by alternative splicing and predominantly code for a 135-kD isoform. This isoform contains a 209 amino acid extension at its NH2 terminus (head piece; HP). Immunoreactive epitopes specific for HP have been detected within the cell nucleus, nuclear matrix, centrosomes, and parts of the mitotic apparatus in dividing cells. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, in vitro binding assays, coimmunolocalization, and coimmunoprecipitation studies, we show that a 135-kD 4.1R isoform specifically interacts with the nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein. NuMA and 4.1R partially colocalize in the interphase nucleus of MDCK cells and redistribute to the spindle poles early in mitosis. Protein 4.1R associates with NuMA in the interphase nucleus and forms a complex with spindle pole organizing proteins, NuMA, dynein, and dynactin during cell division. Overexpression of a 135-kD isoform of 4.1R alters the normal distribution of NuMA in the interphase nucleus. The minimal sequence sufficient for this interaction has been mapped to the amino acids encoded by exons 20 and 21 of 4.1R and residues 1788–1810 of NuMA. Our results not only suggest that 4.1R could, possibly, play an important role in organizing the nuclear architecture, mitotic spindle, and spindle poles, but also could define a novel role for its 22–24-kD domain.
Operators over Compressed Integer Encodings

Compact representation of integer values is a key feature for data compression. A compressed representation allows us to store more integers within less space, and therefore, to work in faster hierarchies of memory. Adaptive searching yields to compressed representations of integers. In scenarios where the cost of updating the encoding is high, approaches to perform operations over integers dynamically are preferable. In this paper we present a framework to create integer encodings, based on augmenting search algorithms in the comparison model. We show that such algorithms share common properties allowing the support of arithmetic and logic operations over the encoded integers. Finally, we propose a practical approach to support these operations over Elias integer encodings.
External Funding and Competing Visions for Academic Counseling Psychology

The major contributions by Burrow-Sánchez, Martin, and Imel and Martens et al. are the first explicitly substantive, constructive statements about extramural funding and counseling psychology to appear in The Counseling Psychologist. For over 15 years, many have recognized the importance of extramural funding to the continued presence of counseling psychology training programs in research-intensive universities. In this reaction piece, I discuss several issues that may contribute to the lack of funded research appearing in counseling psychology outlets and to the apparent small number of counseling psychology faculty members with external funds. Suggestions for allocating and managing faculty resources and demands to maximally benefit a program and for pursuing current and future funding opportunities are offered.
Advanced Macrology and the Implementation of Typed Scheme

PLT Scheme provides an expressive programming language implementation framework in order to enable experimentation with language design. This framework is rooted in PLT Scheme’s hygienic macro system, but it has grown to encompass features that extend its capabilities beyond that of traditional macro systems. In this paper we describe the features of PLT Scheme’s language framework and demonstrate their use with a case study. Specifically, we present the design and implementation of Typed Scheme using the advanced language construction features of PLT Scheme. 1. Defining Languages Since their creation, Lisp and Scheme macros have been used by programmers to extend their programming languages with notational abbreviations and domain-specific syntactic forms. Macros thus make it easier to read and write programs by bringing the programming language closer to the problem domain. Discussions of macros often leave out the challenges that arise when macros need to work with other macros [6]. These challenges also appear in the construction of tools such as debuggers and static analyzers for a language defined via macros. The language tools should operate at the language’s level of abstraction, not at the level of the underlying Scheme code. In general, collaborating macros and proper language abstraction require features from the macro system beyond those needed for isolated abstractions.
Test Equating by Common Items and Common Subjects: Concepts and Applications

Since the invention of z-scores (standardized scores), comparison among different tests has been widely conducted by test developers, instructors, educational researchers, and psychometricians. Equating, calibration, and moderation are terms used to describe broad levels of possible comparison among educational assessments (Dorans, 2004; Feuer, Holland, Green, Bertenthal, & Hemphill, 1999; Linn, 1993; Mislevy, 1992). Equating is at one end of the linking continuum, involving the most stringent requirements of equivalence among the assessments and examinee populations to be linked, and compares tests that measure the same construct and have been designed to be equivalent. Less equivalent conditions involve calibration, which compares tests that measure the same construct but vary in design or difficulty, and moderation, which compares tests that measure different constructs. Psychometric approaches to linking assessments include linear equating, equipercentile equating, and item response theory (IRT). This article is a practical guide to conducting IRT test equating in two different scenarios:
Compensatieopvattingen en psychische klachten in relatie met ongezond gedrag

In this study, the relationship between Compensatory Health Beliefs (CHB’s), psychological distress and unhealthy behavior is explored. Compensatory Health Beliefs are beliefs that negative effects of unhealthy behavior can be compensated or neutralized by conducting healthy behavior. The experience of stress, anxiety and depressive emotions is often associated with unhealthy behavior. Especially students and young adults often behave unhealthy and report high levels of psychological distress. The aim of this study is to get more insight in the relationship between CHB's, psychological distress and unhealthy behavior in order to improve healthy behavior in the future. The data has been collected with a cross-sectional online survey. The sample included 222 respondents with an average age of 23 years. About 57% of the respondents were female. The questionnaires that were used in this study were the Compensatory Health Beliefs Scale-DLV, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). In addition, four more items with regard to unhealthy behavior were added to the survey. The correlation analysis showed that there is a significant relation between CHB’s and insufficient exercise. Furthermore, there is a significant correlation between stress and insufficient exercise and between stress and excessive alcohol consumption. There also is a significant negative correlation between depressive emotions and the inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables. The regression analysis showed that there are no significant moderation effects between CHB’s and psychological distress on unhealthy behavior. A weak non-significant moderation effect between CHB’s and depressive emotions and the inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables has been identified. The study showed that there is a correlation between CHB’s and unhealthy behavior but this relationship is not significantly moderated by psychological distress. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge about the origin and prevention of unhealthy behavior and can be used to develop health-interventions in the future.
Modeling the error components of coordinate measuring machines

The paper present a novel approach using quaternions to model the error of a coordinate measuring machine. The intermediate angular error (pitch, roll and yaw) are calculated using quaternions. The positional error are interpolated using techniques from computer aide geometric design. The intermediate translational and angular errors are combined into homogeneous transformation matrices used for correcting the measurement errors.
Low-Rank Spectral Learning

Spectral learning methods have recently been proposed as alternatives to slow, non-convex optimization algorithms like EM for a variety of probabilistic models in which hidden information must be inferred by the learner. These methods are typically controlled by a rank hyperparameter that sets the complexity of the model; when the model rank matches the true rank of the process generating the data, the resulting predictions are provably consistent and admit finite sample convergence bounds. However, in practice we usually do not know the true rank, and, in any event, from a computational and statistical standpoint it is likely to be prohibitively large. It is therefore of great practical interest to understand the behavior of low-rank spectral learning, where the model rank is less than the true rank. Counterintuitively, we show that even when the singular values omitted by lowering the rank are arbitrarily small, the resulting prediction errors can in fact be arbitrarily large. We identify two distinct possible causes for this bad behavior, and illustrate them with simple examples. We then show that these two causes are essentially complete: assuming that they do not occur, we can prove that the prediction error is bounded in terms of the magnitudes of the omitted singular values. We argue that the assumptions necessary for this result are relatively realistic, making low-rank spectral learning a viable option for many applications. Appearing in Proceedings of the 17 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2014, Reykjavik, Iceland. JMLR: W&CP volume 33. Copyright 2014 by the authors.
Factors Impacting Online User Initial Trust based on ELM

Due to the inherent high risk and low switching cost of Internet,building user initial trust is crucial for websites.Extant research has often examined the determinants of initial trust from the perspectives of TAM and trust transference,and seldom considered trust building from the perspective of dual cognitive processing.Drawing on ELM, this research analyzed the different effect of argument quality via the central route and source credibility via the peripheral route on initial trust.193 valid papers were collected and were analyzed with LISREL.The results show that argument quality,source credibility and self-efficacy have significant effect on initial trust.Moreover,self-efficacy positively moderates the effect of argument quality on initial trust,whereas it negatively moderates the effect of source credibility on initial trust.
Socioeconomic inequalities in parent-reported and teacher-reported psychological well-being

Objective To determine whether there are differences in the social gradient of parent-reported and teacher-reported child psychological well-being. Design Secondary data analysis comparing ratings of child psychological well-being (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) in the UK Millennium Cohort Study at 7 years by socioeconomic circumstances (SEC). A number of measures of SEC were tested; results are reported for maternal education. From a sample of 13 168 singletons who participated at the age of 7 years, complete data were available for 8207 children. Results There was a social gradient in SDQ scores reported by parents and teachers, with ‘borderline/abnormal’ scores more prevalent in children with lower-educated mothers. However, the gradient was more marked in parent report compared with teacher report, and discrepancies between parent and teacher reports were greatest for children from higher SECs. Conclusions The social gradient in child psychological well-being, although present, was weaker in teacher report compared with parent report. This may be because children behave differently in school and home settings, or parents and teachers demonstrate reporting bias.
Disturbance observer-based adaptive neural control for a class of uncertain MIMO systems with state and input constraints

In this paper, an integral barrier Lyapunov function combined with the RBF neural network are introduced for a class of MIMO nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinearities. Under the premise of the system output and its first derivative of the time being measurable, by applying the integral barrier Lyapunov function, we have designed a controller based on the adaptive RBF neural network which uses a disturbance observer to compensate the error. The system is proved to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error is convergent and bounded. Finally, we have made a simulation on a 2-DOF robotic manipulator systems to examine the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Human inhalation exposures to toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of exposure biomarkers in exhaled air, blood, and urine.

Urinary biomarkers of exposure are used widely in biomonitoring studies. The commonly used urinary biomarkers for the aromatic solvents toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and m-xylene (X) are o-cresol, mandelic acid, and m-methylhippuric acid. The toxicokinetics of these biomarkers following inhalation exposure have yet to be described by physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Five male volunteers were exposed for 6 h in an inhalation chamber to 1/8 or 1/4 of the time-weighted average exposure value (TWAEV) for each solvent: toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene were quantified in blood and exhaled air and their corresponding urine biomarkers were measured in urine. Published PBPK model for parent compounds was used and simulations were compared with experimental blood and exhaled air concentration data. If discrepancies existed, Vmax and Km were optimized. Urinary excretion was modeled using parameters found in literature assuming simply stoichiometric yields from parent compound metabolism and first-order urinary excretion rate. Alternative models were also tested for (1) the possibility that CYP1A2 is the only enzyme implicated in o-cresol and (2) a 2-step model for describing serial metabolic steps for mandelic acid. Models adapted in this study for urinary excretion will be further used to interpret urinary biomarker kinetic data from mixed exposures of these solvents.