Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of diurnally oscillating pCO2 on the calcification and survival of coral recruits

Manipulative studies have demonstrated that ocean acidification (OA) is a threat to coral reefs, yet no experiments have employed diurnal variations in pCO2 that are ecologically relevant to many shallow reefs. Two experiments were conducted to test the response of coral recruits (less than 6 days old) to diurnally oscillating pCO2; one exposing recruits for 3 days to ambient (440 µatm), high (663 µatm) and diurnally oscillating pCO2 on a natural phase (420–596 µatm), and another exposing recruits for 6 days to ambient (456 µatm), high (837 µatm) and diurnally oscillating pCO2 on either a natural or a reverse phase (448–845 µatm). In experiment I, recruits exposed to natural-phased diurnally oscillating pCO2 grew 6–19% larger than those in ambient or high pCO2. In experiment II, recruits in both high and natural-phased diurnally oscillating pCO2 grew 16 per cent larger than those at ambient pCO2, and this was accompanied by 13–18% higher survivorship; the stimulatory effect on growth of oscillatory pCO2 was diminished by administering high pCO2 during the day (i.e. reverse-phased). These results demonstrate that coral recruits can benefit from ecologically relevant fluctuations in pCO2 and we hypothesize that the mechanism underlying this response is highly pCO2-mediated, night-time storage of dissolved inorganic carbon that fuels daytime calcification.
NDIR Gas Sensor for Spatial Monitoring of Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Naturally Ventilated Livestock Buildings

The tracer gas ratio method, using CO2 as natural tracer, has been suggested as a pragmatic option to measure emissions from naturally ventilated (NV) barns without the need to directly estimate the ventilation rate. The aim of this research was to assess the performance of a low-cost Non-Dispersive Infra-Red (NDIR) sensor for intensive spatial field monitoring of CO2 concentrations in a NV dairy cow house. This was achieved by comparing NDIR sensors with two commonly applied methods, a Photo-Acoustic Spectroscope (PAS) Gas Monitor and an Open-Path laser (OP-laser). First, calibrations for the NDIR sensors were obtained in the laboratory. Then, the NDIR sensors were placed in a dairy cow barn for comparison with the PAS and OP-laser methods. The main conclusions were: (a) in order to represent the overall barn CO2 concentration of the dairy cow barn, the number of NDIR sensors to be accounted for average concentration calculation was dependent on barn length and on barn area occupation; and (b) the NDIR CO2 sensors are suitable for multi-point monitoring of CO2 concentrations in NV livestock barns, being a feasible alternative for the PAS and the OP-laser methods to monitor single-point or averaged spatial CO2 concentrations in livestock barns.
Security Evaluation of Apple ’ s iPhone

Executive Summary The Apple iPhone was released to much fanfare on June 29, 2007. Because of the large amount of personal information stored on these mobile devices, we decided to conduct a security analysis of the iPhone. The iPhone's applications for surfing the web and checking emails are potentially at risk to remote attacks. We wanted to determine exactly how well the software on the iPhone was designed to resist such attacks. The iPhone runs a stripped down and customized version of Mac OS X on an ARM processor. Much of the device's claimed security is reliant on its restrictions against running third party applications. Only Javascipt code can be executed in the Safari web browser, ensuring that all such code executes in a " sandbox " environment. Many of the features of Safari have also been removed, such as the ability to use plug-ins such as Flash. Likewise, many filetypes cannot be downloaded. These actions serve to reduce the attack surface of the device. However, there are serious problems with the design and implementation of security on the iPhone. The most glaring is that all processes of interest run with administrative privileges. This implies that a compromise of any application gives an attacker full access to the device. Like the desktop versions of Mac OS X on which its operating system is based, the iPhone also does not utilize widely accepted practices, such as using address randomization or non-executable heaps, to make exploitation more difficult. These weaknesses allow for the easy development of stable exploit code once a vulnerability is discovered. To demonstrate these security weaknesses, we created an exploit for the Safari browser on the iPhone. We used an unmodified iPhone to surf to a malicious HTML document that we created. When this page was viewed, the payload of the exploit forced the iPhone to make an outbound connection to a server we controlled. The compromised iPhone then sent personal data including SMS text messages, contact information, call history, and voice mail information over this connection. All of this data was collected automatically and surreptitiously. After examination of the filesystem, it is clear that other personal data such as passwords, emails, and browsing history could be obtained from the device. We only retrieved some of the personal data but could just as easily have retrieved any information off the device. Additionally, we wrote a second exploit that performs …
Time-aware visualization of document collections

Scientific articles are the major mechanism for researchers to report their results, and a collection of papers on a discipline can reveal a lot about its evolution, such as the emergence of new topics. Nonetheless, given a broad collection of papers it is typically very difficult to grasp important information that could help readers to globally interpret, navigate and then focus on the relevant items for their task. Content-based document maps are visual representations created from evaluating the (dis)similarity amongst the documents, and have been shown to support exploratory tasks in this scenario. Documents are represented by visual markers placed in the 2D space so that documents close share similar content. Albeit the maps allow visually identifying groups of related documents and frontiers between groups, they do not explicitly convey the temporal evolution of a collection. We propose a technique for creating content-based similarity maps of document collections that highlight temporal changes along time. Our solution constructs a sequence of maps from time-stamped sub-sets of the data. It adopts a cumulative backwards strategy to preserve user context across successive time-stamps, i.e., maps do not change drastically from one time stamp to the next, favouring user perception of changes.
A smart home agent for plan recognition

We propose a formal framework to keyhole plan recognition based on lattice theory and action description logic. This framework minimizes the uncertainly about the prediction of the observed agent's behaviour by dynamically generating new implicit intentions. This approach offers an effective solution to actual recognition of ADL in a smart home, in order to provide assistance to persons suffering from cognitive deficiencies.
Efficient Retrieval of Key Material for Inspecting Potentially Malicious Traffic in the Cloud

Cloud providers must detect malicious traffic in and out of their network, virtual or otherwise. The use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) has been hampered by the encryption of network communication. The result is that current signatures cannot match potentially malicious requests. A method to acquire the encryption keys is Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI). VMI is a technique to view the internal, and yet raw, representation of a Virtual Machine (VM). Current methods to find keys are expensive and use sliding windows or entropy. This inevitably requires reading the memory space of the entire process, or worse the OS, in a live environment where performance is paramount. This paper describes a structured walk of memory to find keys, particularly RSA, using as fewer reads from the VM as possible. In doing this we create a scalable mechanism to populate an IDS with keys to analyse traffic.
The effect of gallop training on hoof angle in thoroughbred racehorses.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The economic impact of soundness problems in racehorses is very high and low hoof angle at the toe has been associated with a lack of soundness. However, it is not clear what environmental and management factors might contribute to a low hoof angle. OBJECTIVES To investigate the hypothesis that the hooves of racehorses become flatter when in gallop training, as well as to determine factors contributing to this trend. METHODS Weekly hoof measurements were taken with a hoof gauge from 45 Thoroughbred racehorses; 4 Thoroughbred show horses kept in consistent conditions and shod by the same farrier as some of the racehorses; and 6 unshod free-ranging horses. A further 15 horses were measured twice in one day to determine the repeatability of the method. RESULTS Repeatability coefficients were 0.31 degrees for the left hoof and 0.37 degrees for the right. Racehorses in training showed a significant decrease in hoof angle over time while free ranging horses and show horses did not. Free-ranging horses had a significantly lower angle in winter (wet) compared with summer (dry) in both left (P = 0.040) and right (P = 0.017). Show horses had no significant change in hoof angle. Racehorses that had a period of rest during the experiment (n = 11) showed a decrease in hoof angle during training and an increase over their rest period for both hooves (P = 0.005 for the left hoof, P = 0.0009 for the right). CONCLUSIONS Training for fast exercise in Thoroughbred racehorses is associated with a reduction in hoof angle and wet pasture conditions may also be associated with a reduced hoof angle in free-ranging horses. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Gallop exercise has a potentially large effect on hoof angle and therefore, a change in angle should be expected to occur in racehorses starting fast exercise work. Hence management of horses with abnormally low hoof angles may require an adaptation to their training regime in order to minimise this effect.
Activation of the precursor of gelatinase A/72 kda type IV collagenase/MMP‐2 in lung carcinomas correlates with the expression of membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinase (MT‐MMP) and with lymph node metastasis

We have identified a novel membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinase (MT‐MMP) expressed on the cell surface and inducing activation of pro‐gelatinase A in vitro. In this study, we further examined the possibility that MT‐MMP is the activator of pro‐gelatinase A in tumors as well as in vitro. Expression of MT‐MMP mRNA was analyzed by Northern blotting in 58 cases of human lung carcinomas. MT‐MMP mRNA expression was increased in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The ratio of MT‐MMP mRNA levels in tumor/normal tissues (T/N ratio) was 3.19 ± 1.62 in 29 cases of adenocarcinoma, 3.09 ± 1.44 in 24 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 4.40 ± 0.47 in 3 cases of large cell carcinoma and 3.63 ± 2.11 in 2 cases of small cell carcinoma, respectively. Activated gelatinase A, as detected by gelatin zymography, was also predominant in tumors compared with normal tissue counterparts, though the difference in mRNA levels was not significant. The activation ratio of gelatinase A in tumor vs. normal tissues correlated well with that of MT‐MMP mRNA expression and with lymph node metastases. Our findings suggest that MT‐MMP is indeed the tumor‐specific activator of pro‐gelatinase A in lung carcinomas and is important to initiate invasion of basement membranes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ADDSEN: Adaptive Data Processing and Dissemination for Drone Swarms in Urban Sensing

We present <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ADDSEN$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq1-2584061.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> middleware as a holistic solution for Adaptive Data processing and dissemination for Drone swarms in urban SENsing. To efficiently process sensed data in the middleware, we have proposed a cyber-physical sensing framework using partially ordered knowledge sharing for distributed knowledge management in drone swarms. A reinforcement learning dissemination strategy is implemented in the framework. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ADDSEN$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq2-2584061.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> uses online learning techniques to adaptively balance the broadcast rate and knowledge loss rate periodically. The learned broadcast rate is adapted by executing state transitions during the process of online learning. A strategy function guides state transitions, incorporating a set of variables to reflect changes in link status. In addition, we design a cooperative dissemination method for the task of balancing storage and energy allocation in drone swarms. We implemented <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ADDSEN$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq3-2584061.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> in our cyber-physical sensing framework, and evaluation results show that it can achieve both maximal adaptive data processing and dissemination performance, presenting better results than other commonly used dissemination protocols such as periodic, uniform and neighbor protocols in both single-swarm and multi-swarm cases.
Faulty Clock Detection for Crypto Circuits Against Differential Fault Analysis Attack

Clock glitch based Differential Fault Analysis (DFA) attack is a serious threat to cryptographic devices. Previous error detection schemes for cryptographic devices target improving the circuit reliability and cannot resist such DFA attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel faulty clock detection method which can be easily implemented either in FPGAs or integrated circuits to detect the glitches in system clock. Results show that the proposed method can detect glitches efficiently while needs very few system resource. It is also highly reconfigurable to tolerant clock inherent jitters, and will not involve complex design work for different processing technologies.
PHONEMIC AWARENESS AMONG MONO- AND BILINGUAL CHILDREN

Contemporary psycholinguistic research has shown that bilinguals have two differentiated linguistic systems, which interact with each other in different ways and in different domains, including phonology. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the simultaneous acquisition by bilingual children of two languages with varying degrees of orthographic transparency significantly affects the tempo and dynamics of their development of phonemic awareness, in comparison to monolinguals. The development of phonemic awareness in Polish was analyzed in 150 Polish children (age 6;3 to 10;3) from two primary schools: one with English (opaque orthography) as the language of instruction, and the other with Polish (relatively transparent orthography). Phonemic awareness was tested using a trial based on removing a phoneme from a word, and a trial based on phonemic analysis of words and non-words. The bilingual group had significantly lower scores in phonemic analysis, and a statistical tendency to lower scores in the missing phoneme trial; moreover, they acquired phonemic awareness later (beginning only in the second grade). In the older classes, these differences diminished. An “English” profile of phonemic awareness was observed in the bilingual children, even in relation to their native Polish. When training for reading is more intensive in an orthographically opaque language than in a transparent language, it is essential to support the development of phonemic skills. The specific nature of the languages should be taken into account when analyzing the achievements of bilingual children in terms of phonological awareness.
Detection and Quantification of Flavobacterium psychrophilum-Specific Bacteriophages In Vivo in Rainbow Trout upon Oral Administration: Implications for Disease Control in Aquaculture

ABSTRACT The use of bacteriophages in the treatment and prevention of infections by the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum has attracted increased attention in recent years. It has been shown recently that phage delivery via the parenteral route resulted in immediate distribution of phages to the circulatory system and the different organs. However, little is known about phage dispersal and survival in vivo in rainbow trout after delivery via the oral route. Here we examined the dispersal and survival of F. psychrophilum phage FpV-9 in vivo in juvenile rainbow trout after administration by three different methods—bath, oral intubation into the stomach, and phage-coated feed—with special emphasis on the oral route of delivery. Phages could be detected in all the organs investigated (intestine, spleen, brain, and kidney) 0.5 h postadministration, reaching concentrations as high as ∼105 PFU mg intestine−1 and ∼103 PFU mg spleen−1 within the first 24 h following the bath and ∼107 PFU mg intestine−1 and ∼104 PFU mg spleen−1 within the first 24 h following oral intubation. The phages were most persistent in the organs for the first 24 h and then decreased exponentially; no phages were detected after 83 h in the organs investigated. Phage administration via feed resulted in the detection of phages in the intestine, spleen, and kidney 1 h after feeding. Average concentrations of ∼104 PFU mg intestine−1 and ∼101 PFU mg spleen−1 were found throughout the experimental period (200 h) following continuous delivery of phages with feed. These experiments clearly demonstrate the ability of the phages to survive passage through the fish stomach and to penetrate the intestinal barrier and enter the circulatory system after oral delivery, although the quantity of phages found in the spleen was 100- to 1,000-fold lower than that in the intestine. It was also shown that phages could tolerate long periods of desiccation on the feed pellets, with 60% survival after storage at −80°C, and 10% survival after storage at 5°C, for ∼8 months. Continuous delivery of phages via coated feed pellets constitutes a promising method of treatment and especially prevention of rainbow trout fry syndrome.
Performance of Non-Symmetric Relaying Networks in the Presence of Interferers with Unequal Powers

The performance of non-symmetric multiple-hop multiple-branch relaying networks using amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol and operating in practical environments with unequal-power interferers, is examined. Assuming the channels, for both the desired and the interfering signals, to experience Rayleigh fading, first, exact and upper-bound expressions for the end-to-end signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) are derived. Then, the moment generating function of the upper-bound end-to-end SINR is obtained. According to the latter, the error and outage probabilities are assessed in closed form. Further, simple and general asymptotic expressions for the error and outage probabilities, which explicitly show the coding and the diversity gains, are derived and discussed. Finally, the analysis is validated by comparing the corresponding numerical results with Monte Carlo simulations, sustained by insightful discussions.
Effect of Tillage Systems on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Productivity: Seed Yield and Yield Components

This research was conducted at the experimental field of Polatli Agricultural farms to the General Directorate of Farm Enterprises (TIGEM) in 2008 and 2009 for determination the effect of four different tillage systems on yield and yield components of a chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) variety under Central Anatolian conditions of Turkey. Traditional, minimum (reduced), no-till (direct seeding) and no-till + herbiсide treatments were applied in the experiment. According to the results of the research tillage systems constituted significant differences for seed yield, plant height, legume number per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and 1000-seed weight. Average seed yield values of chickpea in the traditional, minimum, no-till and no-till+herbicide treatments were 1558.25 kg.ha -1 , 1240.10 kg.ha -1 , 1637.30 kg.ha -1 and 1874.85 kg.ha -1 , respectively. Relationships between yields’ data and tillage systems were R 2 =0.469** and 0.412** indicating a significant influence of tillage systems. In this way, the results revealed that direct seeding can be offered for chickpea cultivation in Central Anatolian Region.
Microwave phased array digital beamforming system design challenges for SKA

There are many challenges in the design of broadband microwave phased array digital beamformers for SKA-Phase 1. The list is not simply limited to funding or time, but rather many technology challenges of bandwidth, RFI, cooling, coherency, and complexity. However, there have been Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) technological advancements in recent times for RF, ADC and digital technologies that will ease the system design challenges ahead. This paper describes an experimental system being developed by the SKA Dish Consortium for the SKA1-survey instrument. Phased arrays typically contain a very large number of receive chains and produce huge data rates. Cost is typically driven by performance and hence careful component selection and system design is critical to meet budget expectations. This paper describes the beamforming system as a whole and covers all aspects of the design rather than one specific component. The application is radio astronomy, but it could be applied to defence, medical and telecommunication systems that use electronically steered arrays.
Harry Potter and the Meat-Filled Freezer: A Case Study of Spontaneous Usage  of Visualization Tools

This paper is a report on early user activity in Many Eyes, a public web site where users may upload data, create visualizations, and carry on discussions. Since the site launched, users have uploaded data and created graphics on everything from DNA microarray data to co-occurrences of names in the New Testament to personal gift-giving networks. Our results show that in addition to traditional data analysis, Many Eyes is used for goals ranging from journalism and advocacy to personal expression and social interaction. We propose several implications of this usage for visualization designers and contend that these findings suggest a role for visualization as an expressive medium.
A Nonlinear Hybrid Fault Detection, Isolation and Estimation using Bank of Neural Parameter Estimators

Abstract This paper presents two novel hybrid schemes for component fault diagnosis in a general nonlinear system. Unlike most fault diagnosis techniques, the proposed solution detects, isolates, and identifies the severity of faults in the system within a single integrated framework. The proposed technique is based on a bank of adaptive neural parameter estimators (NPE) and a set of parameterized fault models. At each instant of time, the NPEs provide estimates of the unknown fault parameters (FP) that are used for fault diagnosis. Two structures of NPE, namely series-parallel and parallel, are proposed with their respective fault isolation policies. While the series-parallel structure possesses fast convergence, the parallel scheme is extremely robust to measurement noise. Although, it has a more complex isolation policy, the parallel structure exhibits a more robust fault isolation capability. The parameter estimation for both architectures is based on an on-line minimization of instantaneous output estimation error. Simple network architecture and straightforward weight adaptation laws make our proposed technique appropriate for real-time implementation. Simulation results presented in this paper for detection, isolation, and identification of faults in nonlinear reaction wheel actuators of a 3-axis stabilized satellite in the presence of disturbances and noise demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed fault diagnosis schemes.