Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic evolution of software processes to evolve software systems during their development

A software system, once deployed into its target environment, might need to be modified for various reasons. The reasons might be specific to that software system, such as failures, or, more general, such as changes in the environment in which the software system is embedded. Depending on the reason, a modification might obviously not only be restricted to a particular software system. It might also concern other existing software systems and particularly also software systems under development. The modification of a software system under development is merely a problem of modifying its development process, also called software process. Such modifications generally cannot be automatically carried out by autonomous process support systems due to the complexity inherent in software processes and in the necessary modifications. It usually needs to be guided by a human process manager. A process support system can, however, offer the human process manager certain services to assist in modifying a software process. One of these services is that of decision support. This article describes a decision support system developed in the ESPRIT project Process Instance Evolution (PIE). One of the features of the decision support system is an extendable database of decision models, each of which is capable of generating specific information to assist the process manager. One of these models is that of risk analysis. Risk analysis, as used in this context, encompasses assessment of the impact of a possible modification on certain software process attributes before actually changing a software process. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Construction of British ‘Asian’ Criminality

L'A. porte son attention sur la criminalite au sein de la communaute asiatique en Grande-Bretagne et plus particulierement sur les discours concernant ce phenomene. Il envisage et compare les discours publics et le discours des criminologues, dans ce pays, en ce qui concerne le lien unissant race, crime et jeunesse. Il s'efforce de comprendre les ideologies qui elaborent le concept d'asiatique et lient ce dernier aux activites criminelles. Il montre que la jeunesse asiatique ne constitue nullement une categorie homogene. Il affirme que la race ne saurait en aucune maniere etre un facteur permettant de predire les comportements criminels
Reflections on the Sociology of Religion Today

Let me say, first of all, that I am very honored to be asked to give this lecture. When Jose Casanova invited me, he said that I was free to choose my topic, and he also added that I should feel free to reminisce. This is tempting. I could relive past moments of glory, settle old scores, reveal outrageous secrets. Upon some reflection, though, I decided to reject the temptation. I don't think that a useful purpose would be served by my subjecting you to this sort of geriatric muttering. Instead, I decided to speak about what I see as the most interesting problems of the sociology of religion today, and I will leave any exercise in (probably selective) reminiscence to such private conversations as may follow this lecture. Since its inception, presumably dated in the classical period of Durkheim and Weber, the sociology of religion has been fascinated by the phenomenon of secularization. This term, of course, has been endlessly debated, modified and occasionally repudiated. But for most purposes it could be defined quite simply as a process in which religion diminishes in importance both in society and in the consciousness of individuals. And most sociologists looking at this phenomenon have shared the view that secularization is the direct result of modernization. Put simply, the idea has been that the relation between religion and modernity is inverse the more of the former, the less of the latter. Different reasons have been put forward for this relation. Most often it was ascribed to the ascendancy of modern scientific thinking, making the world more rationally comprehensible and manageable, and thus, supposedly, leaving less and less space for the supernatural. This interpretation was eloquently expressed in Weber's phrase of "the disenchantment of the world. " Other reasons have been cited the progressive differentiation of modern institutions (this was Parson's favorite paradigm), the severance of the linkage of state and church in modern democratic regimes making religious affiliation a voluntary matter, and last but not least the massive modern process of migration, urbanization and mass
‘THE HONEST TRADESMAN’S HONOUR’: OCCUPATIONAL AND SOCIAL IDENTITY IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND*

ABSTRACT This paper starts from the proposition that historians of identity in the early modern period have paid insufficient attention to the significance of occupations and work. It demonstrates one possible approach to this topic by exploring the social identity of a particular occupational group – tradesmen – through a study of a particular source – printed broadside ballads. A number of important conclusions result: it argues that historians have overstated the dominance of craft-specific consciousness in the formation of early modern work-based identity (a term that is offered as a more helpful alternative to that of occupational identity), and suggests that broad-based identifiers such as ‘tradesman’ had a real purchase in contemporary discourse. It also considers the extent to which broader changes in the seventeenth-century economy – especially growing commercialisation and the increasing complexity of credit relations – affected the identity of the tradesman. Although the tension between the hard-working tradesman and the prodigal gentleman in ballad portraits suggests a growing social confidence on the part of the former, the marketplace is depicted to be as much a threat as an opportunity for tradesmen given the fragility of credit relationships. Moreover, the paper examines the gender dimensions of this occupational identity, arguing that a ‘female voice’ was central to ballad discussions of masculine ideals, and that the tradesman's patriarchal authority was generally portrayed as insecure. At its heart, the paper is an exploration of the intersection of class, gender and occupational identities in a period of economic change.
Human Focused Video Description

This contribution addresses generation of natural language descriptions for human actions and behaviour observed in video streams. The work starts with implementation of conventional image processing techniques to extract high-level features from video. Because human is often the most important and also interesting feature, description focuses on humans and their activities. Although feature extraction processes are erroneous at various levels, we explore approaches to put them together to produce a coherent description. Evaluation is made by calculating the overlap similarity score between human authored and machine generated descriptions.
Patient Experiences of Recovery After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A Qualitative Study.

CONTEXT The recovery process after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) can be challenging for patients and clinicians alike due to significant functional limitations and a lengthy healing time. Understanding patients' experiences during the recovery process may assist clinicians in providing more individualized care. OBJECTIVE To explore and describe patients' experiences during the recovery process after ACI. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING Orthopaedic clinic. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Participants from a single orthopaedic practice who had undergone ACI within the previous 12 months were purposefully selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Volunteers participated in 1-on-1 semistructured interviews to describe their recovery experiences after ACI. Data were analyzed using the process of horizontalization. RESULTS Seven patients (2 men, 5 women; age = 40.7 ± 7.5 years, time from surgery = 8.7 ± 4.2 months) participated. Four themes and 6 subthemes emerged from the data and suggested that the recovery process is a lengthy and emotional experience. Therapy provides optimism for the future but requires a collaborative effort among the patient, surgeon, rehabilitation provider, and patient's caregiver(s). Furthermore, patients expressed frustration that their expectations for recovery did not match the reality of the process, including greater dependence on caregivers than expected. CONCLUSIONS Patients' expectations should be elicited before surgery and managed throughout the recovery process. Providing preoperative patient and caregiver education and encouraging preoperative rehabilitation can assist in managing expectations. Establishing realistic goals and expectations may improve rehabilitation adherence, encourage optimism for recovery, and improve outcomes in the long term.
Sustainability of the effectiveness of a programme of multisystemic treatment (MST) across participant groups in the second year of operation

In order to examine the sustainability of programme effectiveness, we investigated whether the effects of multisystemic treatment (MST) on a second group of adolescents would match those reported in an earlier randomised controlled trial (RCT). Pre‐ and post‐treatment assessments were analysed in a participant group of 105; 55 youths were referred to MST in the programme's second year of operation (MST2), and 50 youths were included in the RCT the first year in which 30 were randomly assigned to MST (MST1) and 20 to regular services (RS). At two project sites, MST clinical outcomes in the second year of programme operation matched and, for key indices of anti‐social behaviour, surpassed those achieved during the first year. In addition the MST treatment delivered in the second year was more effective than regular child welfare services in preventing out of home placement and reducing internalising and externalising behaviour. Together, these results demonstrated sustained effectiveness of the programme as well as indication of programme maturation effects. No group differences were registered for social competence. MST youths treated in the second year were significantly younger than those referred to treatment in the first year (MST1) but age had no moderating effect on the outcomes.
The Handbook of Economic Sociology

theoretical and empirical sociology in cation of this old-new field (previousl task; it has been influenced by diver pology, economic history, neoclassica and stratification, political sociology, s ment theory, political economy, gender been infiltrated by diverse theoretic rational choice, social network analys Since its revival with the emerge which have enabled sociologists to fection systematically benefits certai Granovetter’s (1985) seminal metap field has become a more crystallized fuzzy metaphor of embeddeness ha social network analysis, political so cultural and historical accounts to co ical interest in the economy as a (mos ‘actual and potential relations’ (p. 18 This second edition of the Handbook opments in this field, adding chapter impossible to provide a comprehensi passing 30 chapters. The aim of this book, which, hopefully, will assist th
Use of Dialogue Journals and Video-Recording in Early Childhood Teacher Education

This study utilizes students' journaling and video-recording of field experience teaching sessions as vehicles for inquiry into the development of the process of productive reflection within the piloting phase of an experimental course, designed by the National Center for Research on Early Childhood Education (NCRECE). The NCRECE course is designed to improve teachers' interactions with children as well as their implementation of curricula to promote gains in children's social and academic development. The piloting of the NCRCEC course took place in the Winter Quarter of 2007 in a 4-year university in the Midwest United States. By guiding students to reflect on their actions through use of dialogue journals and video-recording, this action research aimed at scaffolding students' productive reflection. Students participating in the pilot course kept weekly journals with the instructor in an online dialogue format throughout the quarter. As a culminating activity, they video-recorded one language-based lesson in a preschool classroom and wrote a self-analysis of the lesson. The paper presented here is a report of a part of this study pertaining to the use of dialogue journals and videos in supervision of preservice early childhood teachers. It is hoped that this action research study will validate the concurrent use of journals and video case analyses as a means of promoting self-conscious productive reflections, and as an opportunity to clarify content knowledge and link theory to practice.
An Integration Platform for Heterogeneous Services in Life Science Applications

In the field of functional biology where users rely on different heterogeneous data sources and applications the problem of interoperability and integration is of immense importance. In this paper, we outline our approach which addresses this demands with a client-side integration platform. This componentbased and dynamically adaptable client platform supports integration of service-specific Interaction Components. These components are loosely coupled encapsulating heterogeneous biological data as well as method services and are realized as extended JavaBeans. A mediator framework is developed, in order to provide an opportunity to integrate previously unknown data models and web services as well as new local software tools. Instead of building a canonical data schema, the different data models are mapped to a generic data representation. A partial semantic integration is achieved by a composition of several basic transformation steps. These are realized in an extensible set of Mediator Components. Such components can be described by XML-based languages or within Java directly.
French Learners of L2 English: Intonation Boundaries and the Marking of Lexical Stress

Abstract In English, prosodic parameters play a major role at two main levels. First, they indicate the intonation at the level of the utterance by marking the distinction between sentence types (statements vs questions) and they are related - although more or less directly- to the informational and grammatical structures of the utterance. Secondly, prosodic cues also contribute to marking the stress pattern at the level of the word (word stress or lexical stress). Even if it is useful to dissociate these two levels theoretically, when looking at their phonetic implementation in an utterance, it soon appears that the exact same prosodic cues are used (namely fundamental frequency, duration, and intensity). Contrary to what happens in tone languages, there is no pre-set prosodic configuration attached to each word in English. Yet, words in discourse retain a relative accentual independence even though the exact prosodic implementation of word stress depends on the specific intonational context expressed in a given utterance (Pierrehumbert, 1980). In French, stress pertains to the level of the group of words rather than to the individual word, which has no real accentual autonomy. Therefore, it is not surprising that French learners of English are faced with a major challenge: how to ensure the marking of lexical stress while, at the same time, using the same prosodic cues to indicate the intonational structure of the utterance. My hypothesis is that some intonational contexts impose a bigger constraint on French learners of English than others. These particularly challenging contexts are the final position at the boundary of non-final clause, or the boundary of a rising interrogative. Other contexts, like the quotation form or the final position of a statement, are less challenging for the intonational marking of lexical stress. To test my hypothesis, I collected passages of read speech by thirteen upper intermediate/advanced French learners of English along with the same passage read by ten native English speakers. Two trisyllabics carrying primary stress on the second syllable (com'puter, pro'tection) were placed in a series of intonational contexts under observation. The test-words were then extracted and submitted to native English listeners. The perceptual results show that the predicted ‘challenging’ contexts indeed caused substantial instability in the learners’ placement of lexical stress as perceived by native English listeners.
High-Throughput Sequence Typing Reveals Genetic Differentiation and Host Specialization among Populations of the Borrelia burgdorferi Species Complex that Infect Rodents

Lyme disease is a zoonosis caused by various species belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterial species complex. These pathogens are transmitted by ticks and infect multiple, taxonomically distinct, host species. From an epidemiological perspective, it is important to determine whether genetic variants within the species complex are able to spread freely through the whole host community or, instead, if certain variants are restricted to particular hosts. To this end, we characterized the genotypes of members of the B. burgdorferi species complex; the bacteria were isolated from more than two hundred individuals captured in the wild and belonging to three different rodent host species. For each individual, we used a high-throughput approach to amplify and sequence rplB, a housekeeping gene, and ospC, which is involved in infection. This approach allowed us to evaluate the genetic diversity both within and among species in the B. burgdorferi species complex. Strong evidence of genetic differentiation among host species was revealed by both genes, even though they are, a priori, not constrained by the same selective pressures. These data are discussed in the context of the advancements made possible by multi-locus high-throughput sequencing and current knowledge of Lyme disease epidemiology.
Translation lookaside buffer consistency: a software approach

We discuss the translation lookaside buffer (TLB) consistency problem for multiprocessors, and introduce the Mach shootdown algorithm for maintaining TLB consistency in software. This algorithm has been implemented on several multiprocessors, and is in regular production use. Performance evaluations establish the basic costs of the algorithm and show that it has minimal impact on application performance. As a result, TLB consistency does not pose an insurmountable obstacle to multiprocessors with several hundred processors. We also discuss hardware support options for TLB consistency ranging from a minor interrupt structure modification to complete hardware implementations. Features are identified in current hardware that compound the TLB consistency problem; removal or correction of these features can simplify and/or reduce the overhead of maintaining TLB consistency in software.
A simple and new optimum combining scheme for CDMA down link signals

This paper presents a new optimum combining scheme for a CDMA wireless mobile receiver. The new combining scheme, compared to conventional maximal ratio combining (MRC), not only combats multi-path fading, but also mitigates interference by further scaling the finger output inversely proportional to its total average interference power. This interference power is found to be mutually uncorrelated among fingers and its average power is proportional to its instantaneous gain. The reason being that the interference power varies at the chip rate (MHz) while channel gain varies at the fading rate (hundreds of Hz). It is also found that the interference caused by non-orthogonality due to multi-path delays is same for all the fingers. This makes the optimum weights depend only on the channel impulse response and renders an easy way to obtain the optimum weights without actually measuring or estimating the interference power. In this paper, we show how the proportional scaling finger outputs can be performed based on a finger's own instantaneous channel gain. Therefore the new combining RAKE receiver is simply an MRC RAKE receiver with each finger's weight further scaled proportionally to the instantaneous channel gain. Compared with other optimum combining schemes, such as DMI or LMS the new scheme has much lower cost, does not have sample support problems and converges to MRC when there is no interference or the multi-paths have equal average power. Simulation results show that the proposed optimum combining RAKE receiver has a 0.3 dB to 2.5 dB gain over the MRC RAKE receiver.
Measurements of direct CP asymmetries in B→Xsγ decays using sum of exclusive decays

We measure the direct CP violation asymmetry, A_(CP), in B→X_sγ and the isospin difference of the asymmetry, ΔA_(CP), using 429 fb^(−1) of data collected at Υ(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e^+e^− storage rings operating at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. B mesons are reconstructed from ten charged B final states and six neutral B final states. We find A_(CP)=+(1.7±1.9±1.0)%, which is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction and provides an improvement on the world average. Moreover, we report the first measurement of the difference between A_(CP) for charged and neutral decay modes, ΔA_(CP)=+(5.0±3.9±1.5)%. Using the value of ΔA_(CP), we also provide 68% and 90% confidence intervals on the imaginary part of the ratio of the Wilson coefficients corresponding to the chromomagnetic dipole and the electromagnetic dipole transitions.
Exploratory analysis of the homeless shelter system in columbus, ohio

Abstract: A geographic information system (GIS)‐based framework is structured to analyse the spatial characteristics and patterns associated with a system of homeless shelters and services. Given the lack of detailed spatial information available to decision‐makers and shelter operators, the siting of new shelters and services is often carried out with little supporting information. The shelter system in Columbus, Ohio is investigated. Personal interviews with shelter providers and local decision‐makers offers a look at their collective understanding of the services needed by Columbus' homeless population and the spatial patterns and socio‐economic characteristics that define the neighbourhoods in which shelters are located. The use of GIS facilitates an exploratory data analysis that allows these understandings to be examined, affording planners and decision‐makers the opportunity to move beyond perceptions of the system. Findings indicate that while many perceptions are supported empirically, there are perceptions that are not substantiated. This research provides a basis for the evaluation of important social services in an urban area where perception influences planning and decision‐making.
Dispositional and structural determinants of volunteerism

The dispositional and structural correlates of volunteerism were examined in a panel study. AIDS service organization volunteers answered questions about affect toward the organization, organizational commitment, motives for volunteering, and a prosocial personality orientation. These measures were used to predict 4 volunteer-related behaviors. Length of service was weakly correlated with the 3 other volunteer behaviors. Altruistic motives and prosocial personality characteristics predicted several of the volunteer behaviors. Initial levels of volunteer activity and organizational commitment also predicted final levels of volunteer activity, but these effects were mediated through intermediate levels of volunteer activities. The findings are discussed within the context of the volunteer process model and role identity models of volunteerism.