Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size relationships of water discharge in rivers: scaling of discharge with catchment area, main‐stem length and precipitation

Scaling relationships between water turnover or discharge and water system size may help to reveal and understand general patterns and processes in regional and global hydrological systems. In the present study, we derived global as well as climate‐specific scaling relationships between average or maximum river discharge and catchment area, main‐stem length and precipitation, based on data from 663 monitoring stations worldwide. Data were retrieved from a Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) database. The scaling relationships were established with ordinary least square (OLS) and standard major axis (SMA) regressions. The focus was on the SMA regressions because this method provides better estimates of the slope.
GENETIC VARIATION, HERITABILITY, GENE ACTION AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF SOYBEAN ON ULTISOL

Informasi mengenai variasi genetik, heritabilitas, tindak gen dan kemajuan genetik penting dalam pengembangan varietas kedelai yang adaptif pada Ultisol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi variasi genetik, heritabilitas, tindak gen dan kemajuan genetik dari populasi kedelai yang digunakan dalam program pemuliaan tanaman. Enam genotip kedelai, yaitu Dempo, Cikuray, Davros, Orba, Sindoro dan Wilis disilangkan secara dialel menggunakan Metode 2 Model 1 Griffing (1956). Enam genotip dan 15 hasil persilangannya ditanam pada Ultiosol di desa Medan baru, Kodia Bengkulu tahun 1999, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sifat yang diteliti menunjukkan variasi genetik yang rendah hingga tinggi, heritabilitas dalam arti luas yang tinggi, heritabilitas dalam arti sempit dan kemajuan genetik yang rendah hingga tinggi. Sifat waktu berbunga dan panjang akar sepenuhnya dikendalikan oleh tindak gen aditif, sedangkan sifat indeks panen sepenuhnya dikendalikan oleh tindak gen dominan lengkap negatif dan epistasis. Sifat-sifat lain yang diteliti dikendalikan oleh gen dominan sebagian positif, dominan sebagian negatif dan overdominan positif.
Scale in Remote Sensing and GIS

Introduction: Scale, Multiscaling, Remote Sensing, and GIS, M.F. Goodchild and D.A. Quattrochi Multiscale Nature of Spatial Data in Scaling Up Environmental Models, L. Bian Scale Dependence of NDVI and its Relationship to Mountainous Terrain, S.J. Walsh, A. Moody, T.R. Allen, and D.G. Brown Understanding the Scale and Resolution Effects in Remote Sensing and GIS, C. -Y. Cao and N. S. -N. Lam Multiresolution Covariation among Landsat and AVHRR Vegetation Indices, L. De Cola Multiscaling Analysis in Distributed Modeling and Remote Sensing: An Application Using Soil Moisture, R. Dubayah, E.F. Wood, and D. Lavallee Examining the Effects of Sensor Resolution and Sub-Pixel Heterogeneity on Spectral Vegetation Indices: Implications for Biophysical Modeling, M.A. Friedl Multiscale Vegetation Data for the Mountains of Southern California: Spatial and Categorical Resolution, J. Franklin and C.E. Woodcock The Use of Remotely Sensed Surface Temperatures from an Aircraft-Based Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) to Estimate the Spatial and Temporal Variability of Latent Heat Fluxes and Thermal Response Numbers from a White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) Plantation, J.C. Luvall Scaling Predicted Pine Forest Hydrology and Productivity across the Southern United States, S.G. McNulty, J.M. Vose, and W.T. Swank Modeling Effects of Spatial Pattern, Drought, and Grazing on Rates of Rangeland Degradation: A Combined Markov and Cellular Automaton Approach, H. Li and J.F. Reynolds Scaling Land Cover Heterogeneity for Global Atmosphere-Biosphere Models, R.S. DeFries, J.R. Townshend, and S.O. Los Quadtrees: Hierarchical Multiresolution Data Structures for Analysis of Digital Images, F. Csillag Statistical Models for Multiple Scaled Analysis, D.E. Myers Image Characterization and Modeling System (ICAMS): A Geographic Information System for the Characterization and Modeling of Multiscale Remote Sensing Data, D.A. Quattrochi, N. S. -N. Lam, H. -L. Qiu, and W. Zhao Approaches to Scaling of Geo-Spatial Data, Z. -G. Xia and K.C. Clarke Multifractals and Remotely Sensed Data: Generalized Scale Invariance, Geographical Information Systems and Resolution Dependence, S. Pecknold, S. Lovejoy, D. Schertzer, and C. Hooge Index
Implications of the Methodological Choices for Hydrologic Portrayals of Climate Change over the Contiguous United States: Statistically Downscaled Forcing Data and Hydrologic Models

AbstractContinental-domain assessments of climate change impacts on water resources typically rely on statistically downscaled climate model outputs to force hydrologic models at a finer spatial resolution. This study examines the effects of four statistical downscaling methods [bias-corrected constructed analog (BCCA), bias-corrected spatial disaggregation applied at daily (BCSDd) and monthly scales (BCSDm), and asynchronous regression (AR)] on retrospective hydrologic simulations using three hydrologic models with their default parameters (the Community Land Model, version 4.0; the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, version 4.1.2; and the Precipitation–Runoff Modeling System, version 3.0.4) over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Biases of hydrologic simulations forced by statistically downscaled climate data relative to the simulation with observation-based gridded data are presented. Each statistical downscaling method produces different meteorological portrayals including precipitation amount, .
Hydrology for engineers

The basic processes of hydrology are stressed in this the second edition which reporesents and extensive revision of the earlier text. The importance of the digital computer as a tool for hydrologic analysis is recognized, but older methods are also discussed. The concept of the hydrologic cycle is described. The factors which affect a regions hydrology are covered in detail and include weather (solar and earth radiation, temperature, humidity, wind), and precipitation (measurement, interpretation of data, variations in precipitation, snowpak and snowfall). Streamflow (water stage, discharge, interpretation of streamflow data) aspects are detailed, and features of subsurface water (occurrence, moisture in the Vadose zone, moisture in the phreatic zone, potential of a groundwater reservoir) are described. Streamflow hydrographs (characteristics, hydrograph synthesis) are discussed, and the relations between precipitation and runoff (runoff phenonomena, estimating volume of storm runoff, estimating snowmelt runoff, seasonal and annual runoff relations) are explored. Details of streamflow routing are given and computer simulation of streamflow is examined. The techniques are described for defining probability from a given set of data and with special methods employed for determining the spillway-design flood for major dams. Special methods for probability analysis using synthetically generated data are also discussed in the chapter on stochastic hydrology. Sedimentation and the monphology of river basins are covered in detail.
KONDISI KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI CILIWUNG DI WILAYAH DKI JAKARTA DITINJAU DARI PARAMATER ORGANIK, AMONIAK, FOSFAT, DETERJEN DAN BAKTERI COLI

Jakarta city has 13 rivers one of which is Ciliwung river. It flows across the city amid a lot of dense housing, slums and villages. As a result the river is experiencing the most severe pollution compared to other rivers that flow in Jakarta. To find out how much pollution in the Ciliwung river, this paper will discuss several pollutant parameters such as, BOD, COD, ammonia, phosphates, detergent and coli bacteria. Overall, that the concentrations of these parameters continue to increase annually, this causing pollution in the Ciliwung river higher.
Economic Impact of Cruise Tourism along the Paneuropean Corridor VII

Abstract This paper provides some tentative estimates of the economic impact of cruise tourism in receptive countries and regions along the Pan-European Corridor VII. Examples are provided to illustrate the potential benefit to Vojvodina Region (Case study). The results of the analysis have shown that the Corridor VII cruises have positive impact on Vojvodina Province, primarily the riparian area of the Danube (only Novi Sad - the “Port of Vojvodina for cruisers”). Although the benefits exclude accommodation and food expenditure, they are noticeable within the following segments: tourism promotion (broadening the scopes of Vojvodina Province as a receptive area for the foreign market through its cultural heritage and natural values); increase in foreign tourist turnover, visitor’s expenditures; new job opportunities (adequate infrastructure and superstructure – rendering services to ships, crew and passengers) – harbors, carriers, souvenir shops, etc. / new products, business net, exchange money, invisible export, etc. The results of the research may initiate further studies on the cause and effect connections between this type of travelling and resources of receptive countries, upon which the travels are based, both aiming at adequate design and launching of the tourist offer, i.e. the optimal development of receptive countries through sustainable tourism. Also, the discussion provides potentially useful information to the different stakeholders in the evolving cruise tourism industry, particularly regarding expected (private or social) returns on investment.
Per-pixel and sub-pixel classifications of high-resolution satellite data for mangrove species mapping

High spatial resolution sensors such as IKONOS and QuickBird, are expected to classify mangrove species more accurately than coarse spatial resolution satellite images. Conventional per-pixel classification techniques could not improve the classification accuracy when such high-resolution images are applied. Such failure has encouraged the invention of more sophisticated and deterministic techniques i.e. subpixel classifications. In this study, the mangrove forest at Sungai Belungkor, Johor, Malaysia was classified using IKONOS data. Two classification approaches were applied, namely per-pixel and sub-pixel techniques. The conventional per-pixel classifiers used in this study were Maximum Likelihood (ML), Minimum Distance to Mean (MDM) and Contextual Logical Channel (CLC) while the Linear Mixture Model (LMM) was selected as the sub-pixel classification approach. The classification results revealed that the CLC classification with a contrast texture measure at window size 21 x 21 yielded the highest accuracy (82%) in comparison to the ML (68%) or MDM (64%). The spatial distribution of the classified mangrove species and classes coincided with the common mangrove zones in Malaysia. For the results of the LMM, the fraction of pixels measured from the satellite imagery and observed in the field gave a good correlation with an R2 value of 0.83 for Bakau minyak, a moderate correlation with an R2 of approximately 0.71 for Bakau kurap and an R2 of 0.75 for the â€˜Othersâ€™ type of mangrove species. An error image was also created to compare the best fitting spectrum produced by the inversion of the LMM with the original observed spectrum, where the maximum RMS error was only 5%.
Peat properties and water retention in boreal forested peatlands subject to wildfire

Peat cores from a recently burned peatland and one over 75 years since fire in Alberta, Canada were analyzed for physical properties and water retention. Wildfire exposed denser peat at the peat surface, more so in hollow than hummock microforms. Water retention in peat has implications for postfire Sphagnum regeneration, as this more dense peat requires smaller volumes of water loss before a critical growth‐inhibiting pore‐water pressure of −100 mb is reached. Simulations of water retention after fire showed that hollow microforms are at a higher risk of losing low‐density surface peat, which moderates water table (WT) declines via high specific yield. Exposure of dense peat to the surface after fire increases surface moisture under a constant WT. The net effect of decreasing specific yield and increasing water retention at the surface has implications on hydrologic stability and resilience of boreal peatlands to future wildfire risk under a changing climate. Earth system models incorporating wildfire disturbance in boreal peatlands would benefit from the inclusion of these hydrological feedbacks in this globally significant carbon reservoir.
Screening for the metabolic syndrome in patients receiving antipsychotic treatment: a proposed algorithm

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a well described cluster of interrelated risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The key components of MetS are central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. The 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) consensus definition of MetS aimed to reduce confusion over criteria for MetS and to provide a simple diagnostic and clinical tool. There is considerable evidence to show that patients prescribed antipsychotic drugs are at increased risk of developing MetS. Existing clinical guidelines for metabolic screening of patients taking antipsychotics focus on diabetes rather than on the broader syndrome of MetS and are not consistent with the IDF definition of MetS. Monitoring for MetS in patients taking antipsychotics (both inpatients and outpatients) is generally poor. We present a user‐friendly clinical algorithm and monitoring form, based on current evidence and using the IDF definition of MetS, to help clinicians in primary care or specialist settings to effectively monitor for MetS in these patients.
Bmp4 in Zebrafish Enhances Antiviral Innate Immunity through p38 MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) Pathway

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of structurally and functionally related signaling molecules that comprise a subfamily, belonging to the TGF-β superfamily. Most BMPs play roles in the regulation of embryonic development, stem cell differentiation, tumor growth and some cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Although evidence is emerging for the antiviral immunity of a few BMPs, more BMPs are needed to determine whether this function is universal. Here, we identified the zebrafish bmp4 ortholog, whose expression is up-regulated through challenge with grass carp reovirus (GCRV) or its mimic poly(I:C). The overexpression of bmp4 in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells significantly decreased the viral titer of GCRV-infected cells. Moreover, compared to wild-type zebrafish, viral load and mortality were significantly increased in both larvae and adults of bmp4−/− mutant zebrafish infected with GCRV virus. We further demonstrated that Bmp4 promotes the phosphorylation of Tbk1 and Irf3 through the p38 MAPK pathway, thereby inducing the production of type I IFNs in response to virus infection. These data suggest that Bmp4 plays an important role in the host defense against virus infection. Our study expands the understanding of BMP protein functions and opens up new targets for the control of viral infection.
Impact of the November/December Arctic Oscillation on the following January temperature in East Asia

We investigated the impacts of the preceding Arctic Oscillation (AO) on winter East Asian temperature (TEA) and the possible mechanisms. It was found that the correlation of the November AO (Nov AO) with the following January TEA is more significant than that with the following December and February TEA. Moreover, the January TEA is also closely related to the preceding December AO (Dec AO). Further analysis revealed that a Rossby wave associated with the Nov AO is confined to high latitudes in December but shifts southeastward to East Asia in January. Similarly, the Dec AO‐related wave activities propagating southeastward to East Asia could persist into the following January. Consequently, the signals of the Nov/Dec AO could be transmitted to the following January. Besides, an air‐sea interaction might exist over the North Pacific (NP). The sea surface temperature (SST) over the central subtropical NP (west coast of North America) often rapidly rises (drops) a month later and peaks in the following January when the preceding Nov/Dec AO is in positive phase, causing horseshoe SST anomalies (SSTAs) to form in the NP, with positive SSTAs located in the central subtropical NP and surrounded by negative ones. Such a horseshoe SSTA could lead to a strengthening of the air temperature gradient in the north and a weakening in the south due to effective turbulent mixing in the boundary layer. A huge anomalous anticyclone therefore emerges in the NP and favors a weaker East Asian winter monsoon. Warmer January TEA is eventually generated.
CFD Simulation of Biomass Combustion in an Industrial Circulating Fluidized Bed Furnace

ABSTRACT In this study, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is employed to investigate the hydrodynamic and combustion characteristics of biomass particles in an industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) furnace. The CFD model considered here is based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework, the multi-phase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) collision model, the coarse grain method (CGM), and a recently developed distribution kernel method (DKM). The challenge of simulating industrial-scale CFB furnaces using CFD lies in the large number of particles in the system. MP-PIC and CGM showed that local particle overloading could occur, causing the numerical simulation to diverge. The combination of MP-PIC with CGM and DKM was shown to overcome this problem. The CFD predictions werecompared with onsite temperature experiments in the furnace, and the predicted furnace temperature agreed fairly well with the measured data. Using the CFD results, the study analyzed the transient solids mixing and fluidization characteristics, as well as the thermochemical process in biomass combustion. The simulated individual particle provided insight into the physical and chemical processes of the granular flow in the dilute/dense regions of the CFB furnace. The simulated results revealed the CO and NOx emission processes in the furnace.
Scalable routing for tag-based information-centric networking

Routing in information-centric networking remains an open problem. The main issue is scalability. Traditional IP routing can be used with name prefixes, but it is believed that the number of prefixes will grow too large. A related problem is the use of per-packet in-network state (to cut loops and return data to consumers). We develop a routing scheme that solves these problems. The service model of our information-centric network supports information pull and push using tag sets as information descriptors. Within this service model, we propose a routing scheme that supports forwarding along multiple loop-free paths, aggregates addresses for scalability, does not require per-packet network state, and leads to near-optimal paths on average. We evaluate the scalability of our routing scheme, both in terms of memory and computational complexity, on the full Internet AS-level topology and on the internal networks of representative ASes using realistic distributions of content and users extrapolated from traces of popular applications. For example, a population of 500 million users requires a routing information base of 3.8GB with an almost flat growth and, in this case, a routing update (one content descriptor) can be processed in 2ms on commodity hardware. We conclude that information-centric networking is feasible, even with (or perhaps thanks to) addresses consisting of expressive content descriptors.
First Detection and Molecular Analysis of Leishmania infantum DNA in Sand Flies of Kosovo

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the principal vectors of phleboviruses and Leishmania spp. , the causative agents of leishmaniases. The Mediterranean sand fly fauna is diverse, and leishmaniasis, mainly caused by Leishmania infantum, is endemic in the Balkan countries. Despite recent entomological surveys, only some districts of Kosovo have been sampled for sand flies, with no proof/confirmation of L. infantum. This study aimed to gain further insights into the species composition of natural sand fly populations in previously unsampled districts and areas in Kosovo without reports of leishmaniasis and to detect Leishmania DNA in sand flies. A sand fly survey was conducted in 2022 in all seven districts of Kosovo. Collected females were screened for Leishmania DNA by PCR. Positive samples were sequenced and subjected to maximum likelihood analysis with reference sequences for further molecular characterization. The trapping activities at 114 different localities resulted in 3272 caught specimens, comprising seven sand fly species of two genera, namely Phlebotomus neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. tobbi, Ph. papatasi, Ph. simici, Ph. balcanicus and Sergentomyia minuta. Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in three individual sand flies of Ph. neglectus and Ph. perfiliewi. This study provides the most extensive sand fly survey in Kosovo and reports the first record of L. infantum DNA in sand flies, indicating autochthonous circulation of L. infantum.
Crafting Vision

Visions are used to develop a strategy that can help an organization make a radical change. This article explores the role of vision in strategy development, seeking to understand its essential features and the means available to fashion a vision. Properties of a vision, steps in vision creation, and approaches that can be used to examine the vision creation process are suggested. Propositions are identified and research approaches are discussed that offer insights into ways to study the propositions.