Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impairment of Cerebral Autoregulation Predicts Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage A Prospective Observational Study

sole cause of ischemia and suggest a multifactorial process with dysfunctional cerebral autoregulation as a component. We tested the hypothesis that early autoregulatory failure, detected using near-infrared spectroscopy–based index, TOxa and transcranial Doppler– based index, Sxa, can predict DCI. Methods —In this prospective observational study we enrolled consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH that occurred <5 days from admission. The primary end point was the occurrence of DCI within 21 days of ictus. The predictive value of autoregulatory disturbances detected in the first 5 days was assessed using univarate proportional hazards model and a multivariate model. Results —Ninety-eight patients were included. Univariate analysis demonstrated increased odds of developing DCI when early autoregulation failure was detected (odds ratio [OR], 7.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.03–18.40 and OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1.84–11.07 for Sxa and TOxa, respectively) but not TCD-vasospasm (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.56–3.33). In a multivariate model Sxa and TOxa remained independent predictors of DCI (OR, 12.66; 95% CI, 2.97–54.07 and OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 1.25–22.84 for Sxa and TOxa, respectively). Conclusions —Disturbed autoregulation in the first 5 days after SAH significantly increases the risk of DCI. Autoregulatory disturbances can be detected using near-infrared spectroscopy and transcranial Doppler technologies. ( Stroke . 2012;43:3230-3237.) were used for analysis. In patients with midline aneurysms but without diag- nosed vasospasm, an average of both sides was used for analysis. All autoregulatory indices were averaged per session. In patients where ipsilateral recordings were used, the recordings from the contralateral side were disregarded and not used for DCI prognostication. The assumption of normal distribution was confirmed using Shapiro-Wilk test, at the level of significance of 0.05, therefore para- metric tests were used. Receiver operator characteristic curve for predicting DCI using continuous recordings of FV, Sxa, and TOxa from day 0 to 5 were constructed. These were used to select thresholds of Sxa and TOxa indicating impaired autoregulation and to di- chotomize data for further analysis. Empirical regression was used to demonstrate the temporal profile of FV and autoregulatory changes in patients with and without DCI. Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards model (using dichotomized data from days 0–5) were used to assess the difference in the 21-day risk of developing DCI for patients with impaired and intact autoregulation and TCD-vasospasm findings. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the ability of impaired autoregulation on days 0 to 5 detected using TCD and NIRS to predict the development of DCI. All independent predictors were then used to calculate the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for DCI. that assessment of autoregulation
The Distribution of Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors (CNF-1, CNF-2, CNF-3) and Cytolethal Distending Toxins (CDT-1, CDT-2, CDT-3, CDT-4) in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Extraintestinal Infections and The Determination of Their Philogenetic Relationship by PFGE

Background: Determinants of extraintestinal infection in Escherichia coli (E. coli) remain unclear. Virulence factors making Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) different from other E. coli strains are the host cell adhesion, invasion, and two important factors/toxins, Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor (CNF) and Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) that are responsible for cell death. In the present study, prevalence of CNF-CDT genotypes was investigated in 645 E. coli strains isolated from patients. This prevalence was analyzed regarding clinical origins, phylogroups and putative phylogenetic relationships.Results: At least one virulence gene identified for ExPEC was found in 156 (24%) of 645 E. coli strains. 78, 12, 20 of ExPEC strains contained cnf1, cnf2, cnf3, respectively. Genes of cdt1, cdt2, cdt3 and cdt4 were detected as 20, 4, 4, 4. Finally, two factors were detected cnf1-cnf3 (n=6), cnf1- cdt1 (n=4), cdt1-cdt4 (n=4). These 156 strains were found to be distributed in 106 large clusters by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Virulent ExPEC was primarily related to the groups B2 (60%) and D (32%). Conclusions: The CNF gene family is believed to enhance colonization of E. coli especially in the urinary system and the genes of E. coli gene pool gain the ability to survive in new environments, such as the human urinary tract. The widespread diffusion of the CNF gene in E. coli helps to distinguish ExPEC from commensal strains and these genes may be used as specific marker for non-commensal E. coli. It was concluded that different strains of E. coli gained ExPEC properties by acquiring different virulence genes resulting in deletion and recombination mutations, and it was thought that the infections caused by these strains were more likely community-acquired rather than hospital-acquired. Furthermore, in this study, cnf2, cnf3, cdt1, cdt2, cdt3 and cdt4 genes were demonstrated in Turkey for the first time.
Mobility and mobility-related participation outcomes of powered wheelchair and scooter interventions after 4-months and 1-year use

Purpose: The aim was to investigate outcomes of powered wheelchair and scooter interventions after 4-months and 1-year use regarding need for assistance when moving around, frequency of mobility-related participation, easiness/difficulty in mobility during participation, and number of participation aspects performed in everyday life. Method: The study was a prospective cohort study, using an instrument focusing on mobility-related participation outcomes of mobility device interventions (NOMO 1.0), at baseline, after 4-months and 1-year use. Results: The results show that the outcomes in terms of participation frequency and easiness in mobility occur in a short time perspective, and that the effects remained stable at 1-year follow-up. The frequency of going for a walk increased most prominently (26%). Even though the majority of the participation aspects were not performed, more often they became easier to perform: 56–91% found that shopping, walking and visiting family/friends were easier. Moreover, independence outdoors and indoors increased. Conclusions: This small study provides knowledge about the outcomes of powered wheelchairs and scooters in terms of mobility and mobility-related participation in real-life situations. The study supports results from former studies, but even so, larger studies are required in order to provide evidence for the effectiveness of powered wheelchairs and scooters. Implications for Rehabilitation Powered wheelchair and scoter interventions increased independence in mobility and easiness in mobility-related participation in everyday life. Easiness in participation can be considered an important follow-up dimension after powered wheelchair and scooter interventions. A 4-month follow-up time after powered wheelchair and scooter intervention seems adequate.
Estimation of Peak Flood Discharge for an Ungauged River: A Case Study of the Kunur River, West Bengal

Due to unavailability of sufficient discharge data for many rivers, hydrologists have used indirect methods for deriving flood discharge amount, that is, application of channel geometry and hydrological models, for the estimation of peak discharge in the selected ungauged river basin(s) in their research/project works. This paper has studied the estimation of peak flood discharge of the Kunur River Basin, a major tributary of the Ajay River in the lower Gangetic plain. To achieve this objective, field measurements, GIS technique, and several channel geometry equations are adopted. Three important geomorphic based hydrological models—manning’s equation, kinematic wave parameter (KWP), and SCS curve number (CN) method—have been used for computing peak discharge during the flood season, based on daily rainfall data of September, 2000. Peak discharges, calculated by different given models, are 239.44 m3/s, 204.08 m3/s, and 146.52 m3/s, respectively. The hydrograph has demonstrated the sudden increase with heavy rainfall from the 18th to the 22nd of September, 2000. As a result, a havoc flood condition was generated in the confluence zone of Ajay and Kunur Rivers. This hydrograph might be not only successful application for flood forecasting but also for management of the lower Ajay River Basin as well as the downstream area of Kunur Basin.
Positive Species Interactions as Drivers of Vegetation Change on a Barrier Island

ABSTRACT Monge, J.A. and Gornish, E.S. , 2015. Positive species interactions as drivers of vegetation change on a barrier island. Positive species interactions have been shown to occur in a variety of plant systems, and the importance of these interactions is expected to vary with resource availability and abiotic stress. The processes by which these types of relationships operate and influence plant communities in coastal environments, however, are not fully understood. Positive species interactions were observed in areas of St. George Island, Florida, shortly after transplanting dune species for a restoration experiment designed to encourage the growth of foredune, interdune, and backdune vegetation. The dune habitats in St. George are subject to abiotic stresses that vary in type and magnitude, and the environmental factors responsible for ameliorating these conditions and encouraging positive vegetation change operate differently across these areas. We (1) investigated if transplants encouraged positive changes in vegetation across dune habitats, (2) determined whether disturbance (through transplanting) played a role, and (3) tested environmental factors involved in positive interactions to explain the changes in vegetation observed across dune habitats. The presence of transplants positively modified vegetation (e.g., species richness or cover) across all dune habitats. Experimental disturbance had no strong overall positive effect on vegetation change. Shading and soil moisture redistribution had differential effects on vegetation change among habitats, suggesting that these environmental factors interact with the abiotic characteristics unique to each dune habitat in complex ways. Our results suggest that experimentation over a longer time scale might be required to fully understand the extent at which positive interactions affect vegetation patterns along stressful environmental gradients.
NORMATIVE REFERENCE VALUES FOR HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN COLOMBIAN SCHOOLCHILDREN: THE FUPRECOL STUDY. Running title: Handgrip among Colombian schoolchildren

The primary aim of this study was to generate normative handgrip strength (HG) data for 10to 17.9-year-olds. The secondary aim was to determine the relative proportion of Colombian children and adolescents that fall into established Health Benefit Zones (HBZ). This cross-sectional study is enrolling 7268 schoolchildren (boys n=3129 and girls n=4139, age 12.7 (2.4) years old. HG was measured using a hand dynamometer with an adjustable grip. Five HBZs (Needs Improvement, Fair, Good, Very Good, and Excellent) have been established that correspond to combined-HG. Centile smoothed curves, percentile and tables for the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th percentile were calculated using Cole’s LMS method. HG peaked in the sample at 22.2 (8.9) kg in boys and 18.5 (5.5) kg in girls. The increase in HG was greater for boys than for girls, but the peak HG was lower in girls than in boys. The HBZ data indicated that a higher overall percentage of boys than girls at each age group fell into the “Needs Improvement” zone, with differences particularly pronounced during adolescence. Our results provide, for the first time, sexand age-specific HG reference standards for Colombian schoolchildren aged 9-17.9 years.
Characterization of casein and alpha lactalbumin of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) milk

Insect pollination is of great importance to crop production worldwide and honey bees are amongst its chief facilitators. Because of the decline of managed colonies, the use of sensor technology is growing in popularity and it is of interest to develop new methods which can more accurately and less invasively assess honey bee colony status. Our approach is to use accelerometers to measure vibrations in order to provide information on colony activity and development. The accelerometers provide amplitude and frequency information which is recorded every three minutes and analysed for night time only. Vibrational data were validated by comparison to visual inspection data, particularly the brood development. We show a strong correlation between vibrational amplitude data and the brood cycle in the vicinity of the sensor. We have further explored the minimum data that is required, when frequency information is also included, to accurately predict the current point in the brood cycle. Such a technique should enable beekeepers to reduce the frequency with which visual inspections are required, reducing the stress this places on the colony and saving the beekeeper time.
Frequency Of pRenatal CAre viSiTs (FORCAST): study protocol to develop a core outcome set for prenatal care schedules

Abstract Background: Prenatal care, one of the most common preventive care services in the United States, endeavors to improve pregnancy outcomes through evidence-based screenings and interventions. Despite the prevalence of prenatal care and its importance to maternal and infant health, there are several debates about the best methods of prenatal care delivery, including the most appropriate schedule frequency and content of prenatal visits. Current U.S. national guidelines recommend that low-risk individuals receive a standard schedule of 12 to 14 in-office visits, a care delivery model that has remained unchanged for almost a century. Objectives: In early 2020, to mitigate individuals exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, prenatal care providers implemented new paradigms that altered the schedule frequency, interval, and modality (e.g., telemedicine) of how prenatal care services were offered. In this manuscript, we describe development of a core outcome set (COS) that can be used to evaluate the effect of the frequency of prenatal care schedules on maternal and infant outcomes. Methods: We will systematically review the literature to identify previously reported outcomes important to individuals who receive prenatal care and the people who care for them. Stakeholders with expertise in prenatal care delivery (i.e., patients/family members, healthcare providers, and public health professionals and policymakers) will rate the importance of identified outcomes in an online survey using a three-round Delphi process. A virtual consensus meeting will be held for a group of stakeholder representatives to discuss and vote on the outcomes to include in the final COS. Results: The Delphi survey was initiated in July 2022 with 71 stakeholders invited. A virtual consensus conference was conducted on October 11, 2022. Data is currently under analysis. Conclusions: More research about the optimal schedule frequency and modality for prenatal care delivery is needed. Standardizing outcomes that are measured and reported in evaluations of the recommended prenatal care schedules will assist evidence synthesis and results reported in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Overall, this COS will expand the consistency and patient-centeredness of reported outcomes for various prenatal care delivery schedules and modalities, hopefully improving the overall efficacy of recommended care delivery for pregnant people and their families.
Continental subduction and exhumation: an example from the Ulten Unit, Tonale Nappe, Eastern Austroalpine

Abstract Some exhumed complexes in collisional belts consist of continental basement containing slivers of mafic and ultramafic material showing evidence of UHP metamorphism (P c. 3 GPa). Their PTt history can be interpreted in terms of subduction of continental material to depths ≥ 100 km and subsequent exhumation. This type of tectonic history is illustrated by the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Ulten Unit, Tonale Nappe, Eastern Austroalpine. The upper crustal felsic component (c. 80% by volume) incorporated mafic material at the trench, and peridotitic material at deeper levels in the subduction zone. The peridotites show evidence of a P-increasing, T-decreasing path before incorporation in the felsic material, compatible with flow in the mantle wedge above the subducting slab. After emplacement of the peridotites, which occurred at or near peak metamorphic conditions (P ≥ 2.7 GPa, T ≥ 850 °C), the complex underwent a two-stage pre-Alpine exhumation path: a first, fast stage (c. 0.1–1 cm a−1), lasting c. 30 Ma and bringing rocks from depths ≥ 100 km to approximately 25 km; and a second, slow stage (c. 0.01–0.1 cm a−1), lasting c. 100 Ma and bringing rocks to depths <20 km. The subduction of felsic material to the required depths can be modelled by analysing the time-evolution of negative buoyancy, which confirms that relatively light continental upper crust can be subducted to depths > 200 km if attached to a mature oceanic slab that does not break-off during the early stages of continental subduction. The first exhumation stage can be accounted for by buoyancy-driven tectonic extrusion of continental slices along the subduction channel during continuing subduction. A force balance analysis shows that such a mechanism is compatible with the rheology of felsic and intermediate rocks at high temperature. The second exhumation stage is compatible with isostatic rebound and tectonic denudation following slab break-off. The conclusion that fast exhumation occurs during continuing subduction and before slab break-off is in accordance with the observed rates, which show fast movement of the rising slices with respect to the surrounding material. Slab break-off, on the other hand, generates a long-wavelength gentle upwarping of the overlying region, which is more compatible with later and slower exhumation rates.
MetDAT: a modular and workflow-based free online pipeline for mass spectrometry data processing, analysis and interpretation

SUMMARY Analysis of high throughput metabolomics experiments is a resource-intensive process that includes pre-processing, pre-treatment and post-processing at each level of experimental hierarchy. We developed an interactive user-friendly online software called Metabolite Data Analysis Tool (MetDAT) for mass spectrometry data. It offers a pipeline of tools for file handling, data pre-processing, univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, database searching and pathway mapping. Outputs are produced in the form of text and high-quality images in real-time. MetDAT allows users to combine data management and experiment-centric workflows for optimization of metabolomics methods and metabolite analysis. AVAILABILITY MetDAT is available free for academic use from http://smbl.nus.edu.sg/METDAT2/. CONTACT sanjay@nus.edu.sg
The effects of surficial deposit–drainage combinations on spatial variations of fire cycles in the boreal forest of eastern Canada

Spatial variations in the fire cycle of a large territory (190 000 km2) located in the boreal forest of eastern Canada were assessed using random sampling points. Our main objective was to determine if regions characterised by a large proportion of dry surficial deposit–drainage (SDD) burn more frequently than regions with a smaller proportion. Through a regionalisation of the landscape units, we analysed the effects of SDD on spatial variations of the fire cycle. A discriminant analysis involving the SDD and other physical variables (precipitation, temperature, aridity index, water bodies, elevation and slope) made it possible to identify a combination of variables characterising each region. A considerable variation in fire cycle was observed among the different SDD types (from 144 to 425 years) and between regions (from 90 to 715 years). Through the discriminant analysis, this study suggests that a combination of possible climatic top-down (precipitation R2 = 0.727, aridity index R2 = 0.663 and temperature R2 = 0.574) and bottom-up factors (xeric undifferentiated till R2 = 0.819 and humid undifferentiated till R2 = 0.691) could explain this variation at the regional scale. Implications of those results for forest protection against fire and regional development are briefly discussed.
Quantifying the benefits of vehicle pooling with shareability networks

Significance Recent advances in information technologies have increased our participation in “sharing economies,” where applications that allow networked, real-time data exchange facilitate the sharing of living spaces, equipment, or vehicles with others. However, the impact of large-scale sharing on sustainability is not clear, and a framework to assess its benefits quantitatively is missing. For this purpose, we propose the method of shareability networks, which translates spatio-temporal sharing problems into a graph-theoretic framework that provides efficient solutions. Applying this method to a dataset of 150 million taxi trips in New York City, our simulations reveal the vast potential of a new taxi system in which trips are routinely shareable while keeping passenger discomfort low in terms of prolonged travel time. Taxi services are a vital part of urban transportation, and a considerable contributor to traffic congestion and air pollution causing substantial adverse effects on human health. Sharing taxi trips is a possible way of reducing the negative impact of taxi services on cities, but this comes at the expense of passenger discomfort quantifiable in terms of a longer travel time. Due to computational challenges, taxi sharing has traditionally been approached on small scales, such as within airport perimeters, or with dynamical ad hoc heuristics. However, a mathematical framework for the systematic understanding of the tradeoff between collective benefits of sharing and individual passenger discomfort is lacking. Here we introduce the notion of shareability network, which allows us to model the collective benefits of sharing as a function of passenger inconvenience, and to efficiently compute optimal sharing strategies on massive datasets. We apply this framework to a dataset of millions of taxi trips taken in New York City, showing that with increasing but still relatively low passenger discomfort, cumulative trip length can be cut by 40% or more. This benefit comes with reductions in service cost, emissions, and with split fares, hinting toward a wide passenger acceptance of such a shared service. Simulation of a realistic online system demonstrates the feasibility of a shareable taxi service in New York City. Shareability as a function of trip density saturates fast, suggesting effectiveness of the taxi sharing system also in cities with much sparser taxi fleets or when willingness to share is low.