Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young people's time-of-day preferences affect their school performance

During puberty, young people shift their time-of-day preferences from morningness to eveningness. One of the main problems seems to be early school-start times, which force adolescents to start working at a given time that may be too early for them; and this, in turn, negatively affects school functioning. Here, we ask whether morningness–eveningness influences school performance as measured in grades. A total of 811 school students aged 10–17 years responded to our pupil morningness–eveningness questionnaire (PMEQ) derived from the German translation of the original MEQ. PMEQ scores decreased with age and indicated a shift towards eveningness around the age of 12 years. Gender differences did not exist. School achievement decreased with age and differed between boys and girls. After accounting for age, we found a highly significant negative correlation between average grading in the major subjects and PMEQ score, indicating that pupils with morning preferences performed better in school achievement.
Modulation of Ca2+ Signaling by Microtubule Disruption in Rat Ventricular Myocytes and Its Dependence on the Ruptured Patch-Clamp Configuration

Abstract— In the absence of hypertrophic proliferation of microtubules, microtubule disruption by colchicine does not modulate contraction of adult cardiac myocytes. However, Gomez et al (Circ Res. 2000;86:30–36) recently reported that disruption of microtubules by colchicine in ruptured patch-clamped myocytes increased ICa,L density and [Ca2+]i transient amplitude and depressed the response of these parameters to the &bgr;-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol. These effects were ascribed to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by increased intracellular free tubulin. In the present study, we show that in intact rat ventricular myocytes, 2 to 4 hours of exposure to 10 &mgr;mol/L colchicine had no effect on shortening or [Ca2+]i transient amplitude or on the amplitude of ICa,L in perforated patch-clamped cells, under basal conditions and after stimulation with 1 &mgr;mol/L isoproterenol. However, in ruptured patch-clamped myocytes, basal ICa,L was 2-fold higher after treatment with colchicine compared with vehicle and, in contrast to vehicle-treated cells, ICa,L did not increase in response to isoproterenol. Cell width decreased during ruptured patch-clamp experiments in colchicine-treated but not vehicle-treated myocytes. We conclude that in cells with intact sarcolemma, colchicine does not modulate Ca2+ signaling or the response to &bgr; stimulation. However, the combination of microtubule disruption by colchicine and the ruptured patch configuration activates ICa,L and attenuates the response to &bgr; stimulation. We propose that these effects may be due to loss of free tubulin by intracellular dialysis or to increased sensitivity to mechanical stimulation as a result of microtubule disruption. These findings have important implications for cardiomyopathies associated with decreased free tubulin or a diminished microtubular network. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha. org.
Indicator products for observing market conditions and game trends in MMOG

Complex economic phenomena require significant time and effort to make observations and collect data. Inspired by the concepts of indicator species and the Big Mac index, in this paper we propose a novel and intuitive market concept, indicator products, for analyzing purchase decisions that are made on a regular basis, and for helping online game designers and researchers to observe player behaviors and market conditions. Blizzard Entertainment's World of Warcraft is used to show how indicator products can be identified. We discuss the common features that indicator products share, as well as associated player behaviors.
Language Models for Expert Finding--UIUC TREC 2006 Enterprise Track Experiments

In this paper, we report our experiments in the TREC 2006 Enterprise Track. Our focus is to study a language model for expert finding. We extend an existing language model for expert retrieval in three aspects. First, we model the document-expert association using a mixure model instead of name matching heuristics as in the existing work; such a mixture model allows us to put different weights on email matching and name matching. Second, we propose to model the prior of an expert based on the counts of email matches in the supporting documents instead of using uniform prior as in the previous work. Finally, we perform topic expansion and generalize the model from computing the likelihood to computing the cross entropy. Our experiments show that the first two extensions are more effective than the third extension, though when optimized, they all seem to be effective.
Dual language exposure and early bilingual development*

ABSTRACT The extant literature includes conflicting assertions regarding the influence of bilingualism on the rate of language development. The present study compared the language development of equivalently high-SES samples of bilingually and monolingually developing children from 1 ; 10 to 2 ; 6. The monolingually developing children were significantly more advanced than the bilingually developing children on measures of both vocabulary and grammar in single language comparisons, but they were comparable on a measure of total vocabulary. Within the bilingually developing sample, all measures of vocabulary and grammar were related to the relative amount of input in that language. Implications for theories of language acquisition and for understanding bilingual development are discussed.
Social Organization of Medical Work

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Doenças infecciosas e abordagens ecossistémicas à saúde

Existem, actualmente, dois movimentos muito fortes nas ciencias da saude: um movimento para o interior do corpo, para o interior da celula, para o gene, para as particulas micro, e um movimento para os contextos socio-ecologicos em que se inserem os organismos. O discurso contemporâneo sobre doencas (re) emergentes parece falar mais da maior consciencia dos limites da compreensao, e, portanto, da prevencao e tratamento das doencas infecciosas no seu contexto (historico, social, politico, biologico, ecologico) do que de uma nova dinâmica de emergencia de doencas. Estas doencas tem incidido mais intensamente ao longo das linhas de desigualdade, em diferentes contextos geograficos. O modelo triangular para as doencas infecciosas – agente, hospedeiro, ambiente – foi instrumental para o desenvolvimento da compreensao dessas doencas. Ainda que o vertice do ambiente tenha sido bastante negligenciado, hoje notamos que a percepcao de infeccoes (re) emergentes como ameacas mundiais e acompanhada de profundas reflexoes sobre abordagens ecossistemicas a saude. Nao se trata apenas de alargar as fronteiras do sistema para integrar o ambiente fisico, mas de o considerar como bio-eco-social e historico e de atentar profundamente a complexidade das relacoes que o compoem, entre dimensoes que quotidianamente se relacionam mas que resistem a teorizacao e a intervencao: as sociais, as individuais, as ecologicas, as politicas, as economicas, as biologicas, as psicologicas.Tendo por base uma analise bibliografica comparada, pretendo explorar as contribuicoes das abordagens ecossistemicas as doencas infecciosas para a sua compreensao e para a (re) elaboracao das formas de intervencao sobre as mesmas.
Human papillomavirus DNA and genotypes: prognostic factors for progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

A retrospective study of 227 patients presenting with abnormal cervical cytology was conducted to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and progression of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions. All patients had colposcopically directed biopsies for histologic diagnosis. The patients were followed cytologically and colposcopically for a mean of 19 months (range 6–42 months). Progression of a cervical lesion was defined as progression to a higher CIN grade confirmed histologically by directed biopsy. HPV DNA detection was done on material remaining from the cervical swabs by the general primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and type-specific PCR method, which made the detection of HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and not yet sequenced DNA types (X) possible. The presence of HPV DNA increased with the severity of the lesion (P < 0.001). In CIN III, a 100% HPV DNA prevalence was found, with HPV type 16 being the most prevalent type in 75%. Progression was significantly related to the presence of HPV DNA, in particular HPV type 16. The percentage of progressive disease was 21% in the case of HPV DNA positive lesions (n = 130) and 29% in the presence of HPV type 16, whereas HPV DNA negative lesions (n = 97) showed no progression. The detection of HPV DNA and HPV genotype can be used to identify patients with high-risk cervical lesions, since the presence of HPV DNA and genotype 16 in particular are closely related to CIN progression.
Segregation of mtDNA Throughout Human Embryofetal Development: m.3243A > G as a Model System

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause a wide range of serious diseases with high transmission risk and maternal inheritance. Tissue heterogeneity of the heteroplasmy rate (“mutant load”) accounts for the wide phenotypic spectrum observed in carriers. Owing to the absence of therapy, couples at risk to transmit such disorders commonly ask for prenatal (PND) or preimplantation diagnosis (PGD). The lack of data regarding heteroplasmy distribution throughout intrauterine development, however, hampers the implementation of such procedures. We tracked the segregation of the m.3243A>G mutation (MT‐TL1 gene) responsible for the MELAS syndrome in the developing embryo/fetus, using tissues and cells from eight carrier females, their 38 embryos and 12 fetuses. Mutant mtDNA segregation was found to be governed by random genetic drift, during oogenesis and somatic tissue development. The size of the bottleneck operating for m.3243A>G during oogenesis was shown to be individual‐dependent. Comparison with data we achieved for the m.8993T>G mutation (MT‐ATP6 gene), responsible for the NARP/Leigh syndrome, indicates that these mutations differentially influence mtDNA segregation during oogenesis, while their impact is similar in developing somatic tissues. These data have major consequences for PND and PGD procedures in mtDNA inherited disorders. Hum Mutat 32:116–125, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variable risk preferences and the focus of attention

Empirical investigations of decision making indicate that the level of individual or organizational risk taking is responsive to a risk taker's changing fortune. Several nonstationary random-walk models of risk taking are developed to describe this phenomenon. The models portray a risk taker's history as the cumulated realizations of a series of independent draws from a normal probability distribution of possible outcomes. This performance distribution is assumed to have an unchanging mean and a variance (risk) that changes
Postantibiotic effects and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects of roxithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin on respiratory tract pathogens

Pharmacodynamic parameters have become increasingly important for the determination of the optimal dosing schedules of antibiotics. In this study, the postantibiotic effects (PAEs), the postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA SMEs), and the sub-MIC effects (SMEs) of roxithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin on reference strains of Streptococcus pyogenes group A, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae were investigated. The PAE was induced by 2x MICs (S. pneumoniae) or 10x MICs of the different drugs for 2 h, and the antibiotics were eliminated by washing and dilution. The PA SMEs were studied by addition of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3x MICs during the postantibiotic phase of the bacteria, and the SMEs were studied by exposition of the bacteria to the drugs at the sub-MICs only. Growth curves were followed by viable counts for 24 h. The SMEs were generally very short. A PAE of 2.9 to 8 h was noted for all antibiotics against all strains. Clarithromycin induced a statistically significantly shorter PAE on S. pneumoniae than did roxithromycin and azithromycin and did so also against H. influenzae in comparison with azithromycin. The PA SMEs were long and varied at 0.3x MIC between 6.4 19.6 h. This pronounced suppression of regrowth of bacteria which are first treated with a suprainhibitory concentration of antibiotics and then reexposed to sub-MIC levels indicates that long dosing intervals for macrolides and azalides can be allowed.
Stereo Time-of-Flight with Constructive Interference

This paper describes a novel method to acquire depth images using a pair of ToF (Time-of-Flight) cameras. As opposed to approaches that filter, calibrate or do 3D reconstructions posterior to the image acquisition, we combine the measurements of the two cameras within a modified acquisition procedure. The new proposed stereo-ToF acquisition is composed of three stages during which we actively modify the infrared lighting of the scene: first, the two cameras emit an infrared signal one after the other (stages 1 and 2), and then, simultaneously (stage 3). Assuming the scene is static during the three stages, we gather the depth measurements obtained with both cameras and define a cost function to optimize the two depth images. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the performance of the proposed stereo-ToF acquisition is provided both for simulated and real ToF cameras. In both cases, the stereo-ToF acquisition produces more accurate depth measurements. Moreover, an extension to the multi-view ToF case and a detailed study on the interference specifications of the system are included.
Effects of Performing Certain Set Tasks in the Lucid-Dream State

A group of 70 persons (16 males, 54 females) who experience lucid dreams (those in which the dreamer becomes aware of dreaming) were given set tasks to perform in the lucid state and asked to report what happened. A pilot study had indicated certain consistencies of effect between subjects. Evidence was obtained, based on the reports of 16 persons, to suggest that it is often difficult to ‘switch on an electric light’ in the lucid dream scenery. A varying ceiling-level of imagery ‘brightness’ is hypothesized. It is suggested that any attempt to violate the current level results in rationalized avoidance of the planned situation. Difficulties were also experienced by the 9 subjects who tried to ‘switch on an electrical appliance’ (other than a light). An apparent lack of co-ordination between the imagery modalities was noted. It is suggested that the modalities may be relatively independent in the dream and that priority of effect can shift between the imagery forms. A ‘substitution effect’ was observed in the 3 cases for whom auditory imagery was lacking at a crucial point. The persons reported singing or making a noise automatically as if to compensate. Four of the 6 persons instructed to ‘cover or “close” your eyes in a lucid dream’ stated that a scene-shift resulted. Another subject reported that the dream re-ran. A sixth person experienced sleep-paralysis. Such consistencies of effect in dreams have not been taken into account by the various schools of ‘dream interpretation’ and so could have led to erroneous ‘analyses. ’
Reduction of Bilirubin by Targeting Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Through siRNA

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical condition caused mainly by the increased production and decreased excretion of bilirubin. Current treatment is aimed at reducing the serum levels of bilirubin. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that generates bilirubin. In this study we intended to suppress HO-1 using the RNA interference technique. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-A, -B, and -C were designed based on human HO-1 (hHO-1) mRNA sequences. siRNA was transfected into a human hepatic cell line (HL-7702). hHO-1 transcription and protein levels were then determined. In addition, the inhibitory effect of siRNA on hHO-1 was assessed in cells treated with hemin or transfected with an hHO-1 plasmid. siRNA-C showed the most potent suppressive effect on hHO-1. This inhibition is dose and time dependent. Compared with control, both hemin and hHO-1 plasmids up-regulated hHO-1 expression in HL-7702 cells. However, the up-regulation was significantly attenuated by siRNA-C. Furthermore, the decrease in hHO-1 activity was coincident with the suppression of its transcription. Finally, siRNA-C was shown to reduce hHO-1 enzymatic activity and bilirubin levels. Thus, this study provides a novel therapeutic rationale by blocking bilirubin formation via siRNA for preventing and treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin encephalopathy at an early clinical stage.
Caracterización Psicométrica del Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) en Adolescentes Chilenos

Esta investigacion determino las caracteristicas psicometricas del Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV; Forth, Kosson & Hare, 2003) en una muestra de 30 adolescentes chilenos, varones, infractores de ley. El analisis de confiabilidad arrojo un alfa = 0.41 para la escala total e indicadores mas elevados para sus cuatro facetas (alfa entre 0.53 y 0.76). La validez concurrente establecida en relacion a las escalas del Inventario Clinico para Adolescentes de Millon (MACI; Millon, 1993) mostro relaciones significativas moderadas entre el puntaje total del PCL:YV y las escalas del MACI relacionadas con el constructo de psicopatia. Ademas, se evaluo su relacion con dos escalas de psicopatia desarrolladas conceptualmente con items del MACI. Los resultados indican que el PCL:YV presenta indicadores de confiabilidad y validez suficientemente adecuados para continuar su estudio en muestras chilenas con el fin de utilizarlo, en un futuro cercano, en la toma de decisiones profesionales relativas a jovenes infractores de ley.
The Teacher of Gifted Students*

This paper discusses the competencies and understanding which will enable teachers to serve gifted students more effectively. The focus is on: personal and psychological characteristics of the teacher of the gifted, competencies which the teacher ought to possess, the design of in-service training, the professional education of teachers and the professional capabilities of teacher trainers. The writer succinctly surveys the relevant research and also focuses on the specific programme for teacher training at Purdue University.
Building qualitative elevation maps from side scan sonar data for autonomous underwater navigation

Deriving a terrain model from sensor data is an important task for the autonomous navigation of a mobile robot. An approach is presented for autonomous underwater vehicles using a side scan sonar system. Some general aspects of the type of data and filtering techniques to improve it are discussed. An estimated bottom contour is derived using a geometric reflection model and information about shadows and highlights. Several techniques of surface reconstruction and their limitations are presented. A method is presented for feature extraction which is important for future data matching/fusion procedures. <<ETX>>
Linking economic hardship to marital quality and instability.

Utilizing a sample of 76 white middle-class couples from a rural midwestern county in the US this study examines 2 central propositions: 1)the negative impact of economic hardship on a spouses marital quality (happiness/satisfaction) or marital instability (thoughts or actions related to divorce) is in part a function of its influence on the effective quality of marital interactions and 2) this process is particularly applicable to the hostile irritable response of men to financial difficulties. A series of analyses supported these propositions. Economic pressures had an indirect association with married couples evaluation of the marriage by promoting hostility in marital interactions and curtailing the warm and supportive behaviors spouses express toward one another. The hypothesized process was most pronounced for husbands whose behavior was more strongly associated with economic problems than wives behavior. Findings from the study are consistent with previous research that identifies negative affect as a principal behavioral correlate of marital distress; however the results also suggest that more research needs to be done on the role of warmth and supportiveness in promoting marital quality. (authors)
Base Rates in Bayesian Inference: Signal Detection Analysis of the Cab Problem

Several investigators concluded that humans neglect base rate information when asked to solve Bayesian problems intuitively. This conclusion is based on a comparison between normative (calculated) and subjective (responses by naive judges) solutions to problems such as the cab problem. The present article shows that the previous normative analysis was incomplete. In particular, problems of this type require both a signal detection theory and a judgment theory for their proper Bayesian analysis. In Bayes' theorem, posterior odds equals prior odds times the likelihood ratio. Previous solutions have assumed that the likelihood ratio is independent of the base rate, whereas signal detection theory (backed up by data) implies that this ratio depends on base rate. Before the responses of humans are compared with a normative analysis, it seems desirable to be sure that the normative analysis is accurate.