Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounded Arithmetic vs. Propositional Proof Systems vs. Complexity Classes (depth oral survey)

We often argue that a particular mathematical concept is important if it is natural, which means that it surfaces in many places with different origins and definitions, and robust, such that a variety of disparate formulations of it end up being equivalent or at least closely related. Likewise, the applicability, maturity, and importance of a body of results are greater when that field is found to have a strong connection to another. Three areas of study intricately connected in such a useful way are computational complexity, the proof theory of arithmetic and propositional proof complexity. Computational complexity is the study of computation and the resources required to perform it. A staggering number of different kinds of computation all fall into the domain of this field. It has practical aspects, directly impacting how real computations are done by real computers, and yet seemingly fundamental, easily explained problems remain unsolved despite a good deal of effort. A particularly glaring example is the famous P vs NP problem, which asks if those two classes of problems are equal. Starting from the NP-completeness results of Cook [13] the pressure mounted with no relief, leading even to detailed, formal analysis of known proof techniques and why they are all ineffectual at tackling such problems [30]. Many complexity classes are studied and conjectures about separations and hierarchies abound, yet results are elusive. A different way of studying computational complexity is indirectly through logic, and in particular, bounded arithmetic. Many connections between the fields are known: among them, that complexity classes can be characterized as those sets or functions definable in certain theories, and that predicates or functions from certain complexity classes can be used to define new logics in various ways. Results about either area can have implications for the other. Bounded arithmetic and propositional proof systems are related in several ways: due to Cook [14] and others, there are translations from formulas of bounded arithmetic to polynomial-sized families of propositional or quantified propositional formulas which additionally have very interesting properties relating the theories and the proof systems, and also have complexity implications. Another connection is that a theory’s ability to prove different kinds of consistency of related propositional proof systems has a bearing on its power relative to other theories, and the relative complexity of proofs in the proof systems. Finally, the full circle back to computational complexity is completed with the work of Cook and Reckhow in [10] and [16]. They show that NP=co-NP if and only if there exists a polynomially bounded proof system, and additionally introduce many of the important definitions in the area such as those of proof systems, polynomial simulations, and so on. These results, and others
Training signal designs for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems

Optimal training design and channel estimation for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems is still an open research topic of great interest. This study first applies tractable semi-definite programming (SDP) to obtain the optimal training signal for the general case of spatial channel correlations for multi-user MIMO-OFDM. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the SDP-based solution, an approximate solution in closed-form is then presented. For a special case of transmit correlations, an optimal solution in closed-form expression is also derived. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed designs and their performance advantage over the existing equi-powered training designs.
Improvement of MISO Single-User Time Reversal Ultra-Wideband Using a DFE Channel Equalizer

In this paper a baseband multiple-input single-output (MISO) time reversal ultra-wideband system (TR-UWB) incorporating a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is evaluated over the scenarios CM1 and CM3 of the IEEE 802.15. 3a channel model. A semi-analytical performance based on a Gaussian approximation is derived and compared with simulation results. The results show that such approach represents a good approximation for the bit error rate (BER) analysis, and that the DFE, as well as an increase in the number of transmit antennas, improve the system performance.
Phellinus Linteus Extract Sensitizes Advanced Prostate Cancer Cells to Apoptosis in Athymic Nude Mice

Phellinus linteus (PL) mushroom possesses anti-tumor property. We previously reported that the treatment with PL caused cultured human prostate cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. To further studying the mechanisms of PL-mediated apoptosis, we performed xenograft assay, together with in vitro assays, to evaluate the effect of PL on the genesis and progression of the tumors formed from the inoculation of prostate cancer PC3 or DU145 cells. After the inoculation, nude mice were injected with PL every two days for 12 days. Although PL treatment did not prevent the formation of the inoculated tumors, the growth rate of the tumors after PL treatment was dramatically attenuated. We then tested the effect of PL on the tumors 12 days after the inoculation. After inoculated tumors reached a certain size, PL was administrated to the mice by subcutaneous injection. The histochemistry or immunochemistry analysis showed that apoptosis occurred with the activation of caspase 3 in the tumors formed by inoculating prostate cancer DU145 or PC3 cells. The data was in a good agreement with that from cultured cells. Thus, our in vivo study suggests that PL not only is able to attenuate tumor growth, but also to cause tumor regression by inducing apoptosis.
Exploring survey non-response: the effect of attrition on a follow-up of the 1984-85 health and life style survey

SUMMARY Two rounds of a survey on health and life styles among adults in Great Britain have been conducted-in 1984-85 and 1991-92. Each round of the survey consisted of an interview followed by a physical examination and then a selfcompletion questionnaire. This multistage design meant that several levels of panel non-response were incurred. This paper explores the differential characteristics of responders and non-responders with the goal of expanding general knowledge about survey non-response, seeing to what extent non-response may have been connected with the topic of the survey and providing valuable information for users of the data. Non-response was examined at the various stages of the survey: firstly through demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample and secondly through a selection of key health-related and psychological variables. The effects of the various components of attrition (i.e. refusals, non-contacts, those not traced and deaths) were also considered. Finally, the effect of attrition on substantive analyses was examined. The general conclusions drawn are that different components of non-response are associated with different patterns of biases, and that the effect of these biases over time tend to be cumulative rather than offsetting. Implications for survey research practice are discussed.
An ML-Based Estimate and the Cramer-Rao Bound for Data-Aided Channel Estimation in KSP-OFDM

We consider the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for data-aided channel estimation for OFDM with known symbol padding (KSP-OFDM). The pilot symbols used to estimate the channel are positioned not only in the guard interval but also on some of the OFDM carriers, in order to improve the estimation accuracy for a given guard interval length. As the true CRB is very hard to evaluate, we derive an approximate analytical expression for the CRB, that is, the Gaussian CRB (GCRB), which is accurate for large block sizes. This derivation involves an invertible linear transformation of the received samples, yielding an observation vector of which a number of components are (nearly) independent of the unknown information-bearing data symbols. The low SNR limit of the GCRB is obtained by ignoring the presence of the data symbols in the received signals. At high SNR, the GCRB is mainly determined by the observations that are (nearly) independent of the data symbols; the additional information provided by the other observations is negligible. Both SNR limits are inversely proportional to the SNR. The GCRB is essentially independent of the FFT size and the used pilot sequence, and inversely proportional to the number of pilots. For a given number of pilot symbols, the CRB slightly increases with the guard interval length. Further, a low complexity ML-based channel estimator is derived from the observation subset that is (nearly) independent of the data symbols. Although this estimator exploits only a part of the observation, its mean-squared error (MSE) performance is close the CRB for a large range of SNR. However, at high SNR, the MSE reaches an error floor caused by the residual presence of data symbols in the considered observation subset.
A novel mobile WiMAX solution for higher throughput

The IEEE 802.16 standard, also known as WiMAX, has emerged as an exciting technology for broadband wireless communications with potentials to offer high throughput and support high bandwidth demanding applications. WiMAX, however, has yet to prove its effectiveness when the end terminals are not fixed and have the capacity to move from one place to another at different speeds. Recent studies suggest that while WiMAX (802.16e) has the potential to deliver a data rate up to 75 Mb/s for fixed wireless communications, it fails drastically for mobile wireless communications, often providing a data rate less than 1 Mb/s when the mobile nodes travel at high speeds, which offers a huge challenge for QoS management. Multipath fading that causes high bit error rate at the receiver end is a key reason for low throughput at high speed. Bit error rate and maximum packet size determine the packet error rate, and error recovery for higher number of corrupted packets is not always an attractive option for many real-time applications with delay and jitter constraints. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to estimate the bit error probability when the mobile station travels at different speeds. The estimated value of bit error probability is then taken into account to proactively compute the appropriate maximum packet size that offers the best chance to achieve improved throughput at different operating conditions. We simulated the proposed scheme for a centralized video surveillance system in a public train where the train is the mobile node and sends real-time video data to the base stations. The results show that the proposed scheme achieves significantly higher throughput and lower jitter compared to other standard schemes.
Symptom Validity Testing, Effort, and Neuropsychological Assessment

Abstract Symptom validity testing (SVT) has become a major theme of contemporary neuropsychological research. However, many issues about the meaning and interpretation of SVT findings will require the best in research design and methods to more precisely characterize what SVT tasks measure and how SVT test findings are to be used in neuropsychological assessment. Major clinical and research issues are overviewed including the use of the “effort” term to connote validity of SVT performance, the use of cut-scores, the absence of lesion-localization studies in SVT research, neuropsychiatric status and SVT performance and the rigor of SVT research designs. Case studies that demonstrate critical issues involving SVT interpretation are presented. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–11)
Exploring information spaces by using tangible magic lenses in a tabletop environment

To solve the challenge of exploring large information spaces on interactive surfaces such as tabletops, we developed an optically tracked, lightweight, passive display (magic lens) that provides elegant three-dimensional exploration of rich datasets. This can either be volumetric, layered, zoomable, or temporal information spaces, which are mapped onto the physical volume above a tabletop. By moving the magic lens through the volume, corresponding data is displayed, thus serving as a window into virtuality. Hereby, various interaction techniques are introduced, which especially utilize the lens' height above a tabletop in a novel way, e.g. for zooming or displaying information layers.
2 00 0 Stokes ’ drift : a rocking ratchet

We derive the explicit analytic expression for the Stokes' drift in one dimension in the presence of a dichotomic Markov forcing. For small amplitudes of the forcing, the drift is enhanced, but the enhancement is reduced with increasing frequency of the forcing. On the other hand, a reduction of the drift or even a flux reversal can be induced at larger amplitudes, while the flux is now found to be an increasing function of the perturbation frequency.
Media Review: Books: Early Childhood Education: Special Problems, Special Solutions

The University of Kansas has long been a leader in the areas of applied behavior analysis and the training of preschool handicapped children. It is no surprise, consequently, that an excellent book concerning behavioral intervention strategies for use with young handicapped children should come from several faculty members at that institution. Allen and Goetz, with the assistance of other University of Kansas faculty, have written a book that fills many gaps in the literature currently available for teachers, researchers, students, and parents who work in the area of early childhood education for the handicapped. The book begins with an enthusiastic and interesting chapter outlining the historical development of the use of behavioral principles with young handicapped children at the University of Washington. Today, the use of such principles seems to be such an established part of the teacher's repertoire that it is easy to forget the initial skepticism and hostility that greeted those who first proposed these approaches. Allen colorfully describes some of these attempts and includes early case studies. Although these studies are not dramatic by today's standards, they provide an historical perspective for the reader. The book continues with an excellent overview chapter On behavioral principles and techniques, including clear definitions and exampleshelpful to both the novice and the experienced behavioral practitioner. Chapter three concerns the use of teacher implemented observation procedures and provides both theoretical and practical advice in this area. The next three chapters apply the above principles to the areas of social skills, motor skills, and language skills, again integrating theory with much sound and practical intervention direction. The chapter on motor skills in particular (written by Mildred E. Copeland) con-
High performance user space sockets on low power System on a Chip platforms

With the introduction of low power System on a Chip (SoC) processor architectures in enterprise server configurations, there is a growing need to develop the software that will support scale-out, data intensive cloud applications that are deployed in data centers today. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a low latency user space fully compliant TCP/IP socket stack on a low power System on a Chip (SoC) architecture and demonstrate that this library can become the basis for “Big Data” applications that require both high throughput and low latency capabilities all on a power optimized system platform. For our work, we are specifically targeting cloud applications that are developed on runtimes which are seeing great growth in programmer communities and enterprise deployment as well as for which the I/O bottlenecks outweigh the compute requirements, e.g. memcached. On low-power embedded-class SoC servers, these I/O bottlenecks can be prohibitively expensive for performance and scaling requirements of such applications, even when the CPU efficiency and memory bandwidth are adequate. Our approach removes this bottleneck by leveraging available SoC integrated Network Interface Cards (NICs) as well as user space communication - thereby improving pathlength to data as well as preserving CPU cycles from context switching. Our experiments show that we can achieve sub 5 μsec ping-pong latency for 8B packets, and also provide substantive improvement to the memslap benchmark not just when compared to memcached running on the T4240 with the kernel stack (3.5 times better for 16B SETs) but also when compared to a standard x86_64 server with ConnectX 10GbE adapters when power based metrics are used (close to a factor of 2 improvement with power normalized metrics).
Study on problems related to earthquake disaster-caused psychological traumas

With the research on the social recovery and social behaviour in Tangshan earthquake area,the authors make a statistic arrangement to the 2000 questionnaires on seismically social problems and sort out the relevant contents about earthquake-caused psychological traumas.The authors as the survivors in the earthquake together with the victims and help those who necd psychological rescue.investigation shows the degree of the wictim's psychological trauma from the earthquake.Meanwhile a statistic analysis is made on disaster psychology and various experiences and lessons are studied and presented.
An adaptive trajectory tracking control of wheeled mobile robots

An adaptive trajectory tracking method based on the kinematics model is proposed in this paper to solve the non-holonomic restriction problem of trajectory tracking of the wheeled mobile robot. After analyzing the course statement of the trajectory tracking control, the idea of the artificial field is introduced to improve the effect of the trajectory tracking, which takes the posture error of the robot into account to navigate the mobile robot. With the analysis of the controller's uniformly asymptotically stability and the simulations in MATLAB, the controller is proven to be practical and effective.
Injury Induces Dedifferentiation of Smooth Muscle Cells and Increased Matrix-Degrading Metalloproteinase Activity in Human Saphenous Vein

Long-term patency of human saphenous vein bypass grafts is low because of intimal thickening and superimposed atherosclerosis. Matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs) and changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype are thought to be essential for the VSMC migration that contributes to intimal thickening. We examined VSMC phenotype and MMP activity in saphenous veins obtained before and after surgical manipulation. Surgical preparation of the veins significantly increased pro-MMP-1 expression by 2-fold and significantly reduced tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-2 expression, whereas MMP-3 and TIMP-1 were unaffected. Furthermore, caseinolytic and gelatinolytic activities measured by in situ zymography were dramatically elevated by injury. The expression of desmin and smoothelin was significantly decreased by injury, whereas vimentin expression was significantly increased. In addition, these changes in phenotype and MMP activity were localized to a subpopulation of VSMCs, the circumferential medial VSMCs. Our data show that surgical preparative injury induces phenotypic modulation of a subpopulation of medial VSMCs to a synthetic phenotype and increases MMP activity. This may favor matrix degradation, VSMC migration, and the subsequent intimal thickening that leads to graft failure.
Active learning in social context for image classification

Motivated by the widespread adoption of social networks and the abundant availability of user-generated multimedia content, our purpose in this work is to investigate how the known principles of active learning for image classification fit in this newly developed context. The process of active learning can be fully automated in this social context by replacing the human oracle with the user tagged images obtained from social networks. However, the noisy nature of user-contributed tags adds further complexity to the problem of sample selection since, apart from their informativeness, our confidence about their actual content should be also maximized. The contribution of this work is on proposing a probabilistic approach for jointly maximizing the two aforementioned quantities with a view to automate the process of active learning. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method against various baselines and verify the assumption that significant performance improvement cannot be achieved unless we jointly consider the samples' informativeness and the oracle's confidence.
Towards computational morphological description of sound

A method and system for recording information on a document surface to accommodate the automatic processing of documents is provided, which requires neither ink jet nor impact printing. A photosensitive material, such as a dye, is applied as a continuous coat over a field of the document surface. Selected locations within the field thereafter are irradiated with a light beam. The light beam is of an intensity and wavelength to effect a change in the light emitting properties of the photosensitive material at the selected locations. Either alphanumeric or bar encoded information may be recorded thereby on a document surface for subsequent detection by an optical reader.
A virtual data center deployment model based on the green cloud computing

Energy consumption is the main obstacle to the green cloud computing, particularly with the global climate warming and data center scale expanding. The green computing is gaining more and more attention because energy consumption increased rapidly. We propose a cloud computing management framework in order to ensure energy consumption of cloud computing to be a minimum. The framework uses virtual date center instead of virtual machine service mode of traditional service providers, and partition the virtual data center used in the management framework is based on the network communications of virtual machines. Then the virtual data center partition is placed into corresponding green data center in order to maximize revenue of providers and minimize the carbon emissions.