Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kreditkanalen i pengepolitiske analyser

I den økonomiske litteratur skelner man normalt mellem forskellige såkaldte transmissionskanaler for pengepolitikken. De beskriver, hvordan ændringer i renter og valutakurser påvirker virksomheders og husholdningers beslutninger. Fx kan en rentestigning reducere virksomhedernes investeringer, fordi det bliver dyrere at låne (investeringskanalen), eller dæmpe husholdningernes forbrug, fordi deres formue eller disponible indkomst falder (forbrugskanalen). Ud over disse kanaler har der inden for de seneste år været stigende interesse for en kreditkanal i pengepolitikken. Kreditkanalen er en samlebetegnelse for en række teorier om, at udbuddet af banklån kan falde, når renterne stiger. Det indebærer, at nogle bankkunder ikke kan opnå deres ønskede lån, eller at deres låneomkostninger stiger mere end den oprindelige rentestigning. Hermed bidrager kreditkanalen til at forstærke rentestigningens effekt på investeringer og privatforbrug. I denne artikel gives først en kort oversigt over forskellige teoretiske fremstillinger af kreditkanalen. Dernæst gennemgås en række undersøgelser af kreditkanalen i euroområdet, hvor denne kanal i de seneste år har fået særlig stor opmærksomhed. Til sidst diskuteres kort relevansen af en kreditkanal i Danmark. Flere undersøgelser peger på, at mekanismerne bag en kreditkanal har en vis betydning i USA. Da en stor del af finansieringen i eurolandene foregår via banker, kunne man forvente, at dette også gælder i euroområdet. Nyere undersøgelser tyder dog på, at en kreditkanal har mindre betydning i euroområdet, end man på forhånd havde forventet. I Danmark spiller en kreditkanal formentlig heller ikke nogen væsentlig rolle, hvilket bl.a. skyldes den udbredte låntagning i realkreditinstitutter.
Dispersive estimates for principally normal pseudodifferential operators

In this article we construct parametrices and obtain dispersive estimates for a large class of principally normal pseudodifferential operators. The main motivation for this comes from unique continuation problems. Such estimates can be used to prove Lq Carleman inequalities, which in turn yield unique continuation results for various partial differential operators with rough potentials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generic implementation of a modular GCD over Algebraic Extension Fields

We report on several generic implementations for univariate polynomial gcd computation over the integers and, in particular, over algebraic extensions. Our benchmarks show that the generic implementation compares favorably to well established libraries. Even for the integer case our implementation is competitive to the one provided by the NTL, which does not support algebraic extensions. Our software is part of the new Polynomial package of Cgal release 3.4.
Automated keypad inspection by image registration using hough transform based perimeter extraction and multilevel pyramids

Manufacturing and Quality inspection using Machine Vision is diversely increasing in various processes and in various industries. However there are various aspects which need to be considered in order to provide the best quality output like illumination conditions, alignment of objects, efficiency of the machine, time required to detect the flaws etc. There exists a need of a robust and autonomous system which will inspect the keypad labels for quality and discard the defective samples. The sample (keypad label in this case) is taken by the user and given to a machine which automatically inspects and detects the flaw present in the sample. To identify and classify a faulty area of an image, image subtraction is carried out which is possible only when the two objects are spatially aligned. Hence the process of Image Registration (IR) is demanded. The ultimate goal of this paper is to register the multi temporal images in order to minimize the misalignment and compute a high correlation factor by Hough Transform based Perimeter Extraction (HTPE) and Image Registration using Multilevel Pyramids (IRMP). The processes of defect inspection are computationally simple, fast and yield 90% of result accuracy.
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Algal Food Products

The study objective was to investigate total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu’s method, to assess nine phenols by HPLC, to determine antioxidant capacity of the water soluble compounds (ACW) by a photochemiluminescence method, and to calculate the correlation coefficients in commercial algal food products from brown (Laminaria japonica, Eisenia bicyclis, Hizikia fusiformis, Undaria pinnatifida) and red (Porphyra tenera, Palmaria palmata) seaweed, green freshwater algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa), and cyanobacteria (Spirulina platensis). HPLC analysis showed that the most abundant phenolic compound was epicatechin. From spectrophotometry and ACW determination it was evident that brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis was the sample with the highest phenolic and ACW values (193 mg·g−1 GAE; 7.53 µmol AA·g−1, respectively). A linear relationship existed between ACW and phenolic contents (r = 0.99). Some algal products seem to be promising functional foods rich in polyphenols.
Revista De Cercetare [i Interven]ie Social\ Dynamics of Industrial Cluster Scenarios Dynamics of Industrial Cluster Scenarios

This research aims to explore the dynamic co-opetition of industrial cluster evolution based on the Lotka-Volterra model. Particularly, an empirical co-ope-tition case of industrial innovation parks, Southern and Central Taiwan Science Park (STSP and CTSP), will be used to demonstrate the validity of the dynamic approach. The results reveal that the competitive relationship between STSP and CTSP may be a predator-prey interaction type. The existence of STSP and its investment growth will be of positive assistance in developing the latter CTSP area. Contrarily, the growth of CTSP will probably compete with the resources of STSP and inhibit the sustained growth of STSP. In addition, an equilibrium point does not exist in the competition relationship of these two clusters from 2003 to 2010, in which STSP and CTSP areas should coexist with sustained growth in this current short-term stage.
Estimation Of Formation Parameters Using Full Waveform Acoustic and Shear Wave Logs

A combination of borehole Stoneley waves from full waveform acoustic logs and direct shear wave logs was used to estimate formation permeability and shear wave velocity. Data sets used here were collected by ARea's array full waveform acoustic logging tool and shear wave logging tool. The Pand S-wave velocities of the formation are determined by threshold detection with cross-correlation correction from the full waveform and the shear wave log, respectively. The full waveform acoustic logging data are also processed using the Extended Prony's method to estimate the borehole Stoneley wave phase velocity and attenuation as a function of frequency. Two different borehole models are considered for the inversion of Stoneley wave velocity and attenuation data. They are the isotropic elastic and the porous isotropic borehole models. Inversion parameters include shear wave velocity and formation permeability. Inverted shear wave velocities and permeabilities are compared with the shear wave log and the core permeability measurements, respectively, for an integrated interpretation and possible identification of shear wave anisotropy.
Model-driven development of families of Service-Oriented Architectures

The paradigms of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) facilitate the development of families of software-intensive products. Software Product Line practices can be leveraged to support the development of service-oriented applications to promote the reusability of assets throughout the iterative and incremental development of software product families. Such an approach enables various service oriented business processes and software products of the same family to be systematically created and integrated. In this paper, we advocate integration of software product line engineering with model driven engineering to enable a model driven specification of software services, capable of creating software products from a family of software services. Using the proposed method, we aim to provide a consistent view of a composed software system from a higher business administration perspective to lower levels of service implementation and deployment. We demonstrate how Model Driven Engineering (MDE) can help with injecting the set of required commonalities and variabilities of a software product from a high level business process design to the lower levels of service use.
Implementation of linear model predictive control using a field-programmable gate array

This study investigates the design of a field-programmable gate array-based custom computer architecture solution for implementing model predictive control (MPC). The solution employs a primal logarithmic-barrier interior-point algorithm in order to handle actuator constraints. The solution also incorporates practical aspects of a control algorithm including state observation and data sampling. The resulting circuit is profiled by application to a disturbance rejection control problem of a 14th-order lightly damped flexible beam structure with actuator constraints. This is achieved at 2 kHz sampling frequency and with 16-sample prediction horizon.
THE IMPACT OF CHILD EMPOWERMENT THROUGH ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION BY THE SMART BETING COMMUNITY IN REGIONS WITH STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION, WEST BORNEO

Kampung Beting is one of several floating villages that still exist in West Kalimantan. This first village in Pontianak city was originally the central of government, economic, and central of the spread of Islam in Pontianak. In the past, the people were also well-known for their politeness and hospitality. However, along with the times, the change that was happening was heading towards a negative direction instead. Nowadays, Kampung Beting is stigmatized and discriminated against due to the proliferation of crimes in this region, especially on drug abuse. In areas with stigma and discrimination, children are the most vulnerable party to being victims. As a form of concern for this region, especially for children, a group of people built a community called the Smart Beting Community. The Smart Beting Community strives to abolish stigma, eliminate discrimination, and to prevent the regeneration of drug abuse among the people of Kampung Beting by empowering children through Islamic character education which is packaged in The Beting Loves Quran’s Program and Beting Learning. Therefore, it is necessary to know how the characteristics of children and the impact of child empowerment by this Smart Beting Community. This study is used a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection is done by direct observation, interview, and document review. The results of this study are the child empowerment through Islamic character education carried out by the Smart Beting Community was having a positive impact. Suggestions conveyed are the need for additional volunteers who served as instructors and makes clear and firm rules for the improvement and development of the community. In addition, there is also a need for more intensive cooperation with parents, the government and the society.
KINEMATICS OF THE ORION NEBULA CLUSTER: VELOCITY SUBSTRUCTURE AND SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES

We present a kinematic study of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) based upon RVs measured by multifiber echelle spectroscopy at the 6.5 m MMT and Magellan telescopes. Velocities are reported for 1613 stars, with multi-epoch data for 727 objects as part of our continuing effort to detect and analyze spectroscopic binaries (SBs). We confirm and extend the results of Furesz et al. showing that the ONC is not relaxed, consistent with its youth, and that the stars generally follow the position–velocity structure of the moderate density gas in the region, traced by 13CO. The additional RVs we have measured enable us to probe some discrepancies between stellar and gaseous structure which can be attributed to binary motion and the inclusion of nonmembers in our kinematic sample. Our multi-epoch data allow us to identify 89 SBs; more will be found as we continue monitoring. Our results reinforce the idea that the ONC is a cluster in formation, and thus provide a valuable testing ground for theory. In particular, our observations are not consistent with the quasi-equilibrium or slow contraction models of cluster formation, but are consistent with cold collapse models.
Photolysis of Caged Ca2+ But Not Receptor-Mediated Ca2+ Signaling Triggers Astrocytic Glutamate Release

Astrocytes in hippocampal slices can dynamically regulate synaptic transmission in a process mediated by increases in intracellular Ca2+. However, it is debated whether astrocytic Ca2+ signals result in release of glutamate. We here compared astrocytic Ca2+ signaling triggered by agonist exposure versus photolysis side by side. Using transgenic mice in which astrocytes selectively express the MrgA1 receptor, we found that receptor-mediated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling consistently triggered neuronal hyperpolarization and decreased the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). In contrast, photolysis of caged Ca2+ (o-nitrophenyl–EGTA) in astrocytes led to neuronal depolarization and increased the frequency of mEPSCs through a metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated pathway. Analysis of transgenic mice in which astrocytic vesicular release is suppressed (dominant-negative SNARE mice) and pharmacological manipulations suggested that glutamate is primarily released by opening of anion channels rather than exocytosis. Combined, these studies show that photolysis but not by agonists induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling triggers glutamate release.
Fast skeletonization of spatially encoded objects

Some thinning algorithms for 3D objects, or generalizations of existing ones for 2D, have been proposed in recent years. The paper presents a simple and very fast algorithm compared to most of them, and still it has theoretically favorable properties. It provides a connected surface skeleton that allows shapes to be reconstructed with bounded error. In addition, it is also very attractive because it allows discrete skeletons to be obtained directly from volumes in many representations without converting them to a voxel-based representation. Our algorithm is a generalization of the one presented by Cardoner et al. (1997) for 2D objects. It is based on the application of directional erosions, while retaining those voxels that introduce disconnection.
No sex‐related differences in human corpus callosum based on magnetic resonance imagery

Recent studies have reported sex‐related differences in the morphology of the human corpus callosum in cadaver brains. To further investigate these reports, sagittal magnetic resonance image scans from 40 male and 40 female subjects were used to compare callosal morphology. Relative callosal measurements were calculated by morphometric analysis. Significant sex‐related differences were not found for callosal areas, maximal callosal width, or callosal curvature. These results indicate the need for further study before claims of sex‐related differences can be accepted.
An efficient and compact indexing scheme for large-scale data store

The amount of data managed in today's Cloud systems has reached an unprecedented scale. In order to speed up query processing, an effective mechanism is to build indexes on attributes that are used in query predicates. However, conventional indexing schemes fail to provide a scalable service: as the size of these indexes are proportional to the data size, it is not space efficient to build many indexes. As such, it becomes more crucial to develop effective index to provide scalable database services in the Cloud. In this paper, we propose a compact bitmap indexing scheme for a large-scale data store. The bitmap indexing scheme combines state-of-the-art bitmap compression techniques, such as WAH encoding and bit-sliced encoding. To further reduce the index cost, a novel and query efficient partial indexing technique is adopted, which dynamically refreshes the index to handle updates and process queries. The intuition of our indexing approach is to maximize the number of indexed attributes, so that a wider range of queries, including range and join queries, can be efficiently supported. Our indexing scheme is light-weight and its creation can be seamlessly grafted onto the MapReduce processing engine without incurring significant running cost. Moreover, the compactness allows us to maintain the bitmap indexes in memory so that performance overhead of index access is minimal. We implement our indexing scheme on top of the underlying Distributed File System (DFS) and evaluate its performance on an in-house cluster. We compare our index-based query processing with HadoopDB to show its superior performance. Our experimental results confirm the effectiveness, efficiency and scalability of the indexing scheme.
Expression of the KNOTTED HOMEOBOX Genes in the Cactaceae Cambial Zone Suggests Their Involvement in Wood Development

The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem (i.e., wood) and phloem. Different Cactaceae species develop different types of secondary xylem; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying wood formation in the Cactaceae. The KNOTTED HOMEOBOX (KNOX) gene family encodes transcription factors that regulate plant development. The role of class I KNOX genes in the regulation of the shoot apical meristem, inflorescence architecture, and secondary growth is established in a few model species, while the functions of class II KNOX genes are less well understood, although the Arabidopsis thaliana class II KNOX protein KNAT7 is known to regulate secondary cell wall biosynthesis. To explore the involvement of the KNOX genes in the enormous variability of wood in Cactaceae, we identified orthologous genes expressed in species with fibrous (Pereskia lychnidiflora and Pilosocereus alensis), non-fibrous (Ariocarpus retusus), and dimorphic (Ferocactus pilosus) wood. Both class I and class II KNOX genes were expressed in the cactus cambial zone, including one or two class I paralogs of KNAT1, as well as one or two class II paralogs of KNAT3-KNAT4-KNAT5. While the KNOX gene SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and its ortholog ARK1 are expressed during secondary growth in the Arabidopsis and Populus stem, respectively, we did not find STM orthologs in the Cactaceae cambial zone, which suggests possible differences in the vascular cambium genetic regulatory network in these species. Importantly, while two class II KNOX paralogs from the KNAT7 clade were expressed in the cambial zone of A. retusus and F. pilosus, we did not detect KNAT7 ortholog expression in the cambial zone of P. lychnidiflora. Differences in the transcriptional repressor activity of secondary cell wall biosynthesis by the KNAT7 orthologs could therefore explain the differences in wood development in the cactus species.
Assessing Safe Task Parallelism in SPEC 2006 INT

To migrate complex sequential code to multicore, profiling is often used on sequential executions to find opportunities for parallelization. In non-scientific code, the potential parallelism often resides in while-loops rather than for-loops. The do-all model used in the past by many studies cannot detect this type of parallelism. A new, task-based model has been used by a number of recent studies and shown safe for general loops and functions. This paper presents a feedback-based compiler that measures the amount of safe task parallelism in a program and ranks the potential candidates. It solves two problems unique for task analysis. The first is the relation between loop parallelism and function parallelism. The second is the effect of the calling context. The new tool is built in the GCC compiler and used to analyze the entire suite of SPEC 2006 integer benchmarks.
Feasibility and Effectiveness in Clinical Practice of a Multifactorial Intervention for the Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes The 2-year interim analysis of the MIND . IT study : a cluster randomized trial

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdThe study was a pragmatic, cluster randomized trial, with the diabetes clinic as the unit of randomization. Clinics were randomly assigned to either continue their usual care (n = 5) or to apply an intensive intervention aimed at the optimal control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and hyperglycemia (n = 4). To account for clustering, mixed model regression techniques were used to compare differences in CVD risk factors and HbA1c. Analyses were performed both by intent to treat and as treated per protocol.
A systematic overview of prospective cohort studies of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are becoming increasingly significant in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Reliable measures of the contribution of major determinants are essential for informing health services and policy solutions. Objective To perform a systematic review of all longitudinal studies of CVDs and related risk factors that have been conducted in SSA. Data source We searched electronic databases from 1966 to October 2009. Published studies were retrieved from PubMed and Africa EBSCO. Reference lists of identified articles were scanned for additional publications. Study selection Any longitudinal study with data collection at baseline on major cardiovascular risk factors or CVD, including 30 or more participants, and with at least six months of follow up were included. Data extraction Data were extracted on the country of study, year of inception, baseline evaluation, primary focus of the study, outcomes, and number of participants at baseline and final evaluation. Results Eighty-one publications relating to 41 studies from 11 SSA countries with a wide range of participants were included. Twenty-two were historical/prospective hospital-based studies. These studies focused on risk factors, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypertension, or CVD including stroke, heart failure and rheumatic heart disease. The rate of participants followed through the whole duration of studies was 72% (64–80%), with a significant heterogeneity between studies (for heterogeneity, p < 0.001). Outcomes monitored during follow up included trajectories of risk markers and mortality. Conclusions Well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to inform and update our knowledge regarding the epidemiology CVDs and their interactions with known risk factors in the context of common infectious diseases in this region.
MODA: automated test generation for database applications via mock objects

Software testing has been commonly used in assuring the quality of database applications. It is often prohibitively expensive to manually write quality tests for complex database applications. Automated test generation techniques, such as Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE), have been proposed to reduce human efforts in testing database applications. However, such techniques have two major limitations: (1) they assume that the database that the application under test interacts with is accessible, which may not always be true; and (2) they usually cannot create necessary database states as a part of the generated tests. To address the preceding limitations, we propose an approach that applies DSE to generate tests for a database application. Instead of using the actual database that the application interacts with, our approach produces and uses a mock database in test generation. A mock database mimics the behavior of an actual database by performing identical database operations on itself. We conducted two empirical evaluations on both a medical device and an open source software system to demonstrate that our approach can generate, without producing false warnings, tests with higher code coverage than conventional DSE-based techniques.