Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poultry as an Alternative Source of Gelatin

Global demand for gelatin industry is increasing especially in food and pharmaceutical industry. Major productions of gelatin are from mammalian (porcine and bovine) and the rest are from fish. There are halal issues and health related concerns associated with mammalian gelatin, while for fish gelatin is about allergic reactions. New potential gelatin sources such as poultry skin, feet, and bone has raised to replace mammalian resources. The objective of this review is to present the potentials of gelatin extracted from poultry as an alternative sources of gelatin. Poultry as an alternative doesn't have any dietary concern and can be accepted if it follows the religious requirement. Limited studies on gelatin produced from chicken show that it has higher glycine, hyproxyproline and proline content and exhibited higher thermal stability compared to mammalian and fish gelatin. Poultry gelatin from skin and feet are considered as by-products from poultry, so apart from gelatin extraction, it can minimize the product from poultry waste. This review focuses on current study of gelatin, alternatives sources of gelatin and the challenges of poultry gelatin for future commercial use.
Supply shortages and affordability outcomes in the private rental sector: short and longer term trends

The research sought to measure whether lower income households are able to access housing which is ‘affordable’ based on weekly rent of no more than 30 per cent of gross household income and ‘available’ referring to the extent to which affordable dwellings are in fact occupied by lower income households. The research method involved original empirical analysis using customised data from the 2011 Census of Population and Housing conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), using an established methodology used in three previous AHURI studies. The situation for both the lowest income 20 per cent of households (Q1) and second lowest 20 per cent (Q2) deteriorated on three measures of shortage between 2006 and 2011. Very-low-income (Q1) households faced a shortage of 187 000 affordable dwellings nationally in 2011, up from 138 000 in 2006. However, when occupation of affordable dwellings by higher income households was taken into account, there was a shortage of 271 000 affordable and available rental dwellings for Q1 households (up from 211 000 in 2006). The consequences of these shortages are severe. Across Australia, four in five Q1 private renter households did not live in affordable housing in 2011, much the same as in 2006. Low-income (Q2) households, in contrast, had an apparent surplus of affordable dwellings of 521 000 nationally in 2011 (a slight decrease compared with 2006). However, when occupation by higher and some lower income households was taken into account, there was a shortage of 122 000 affordable and available dwellings nationwide in 2011 (up from 87 000 in 2006). Shortages of affordable and available rental stock for both Q1 and Q2 households are worse in metropolitan than non-metropolitan regions, with especially large shortages in Sydney and Melbourne. Shortages of affordable and available rental housing also increased markedly in larger regional centres in states that were affected by the resources boom. A more comprehensive approach to policy settings for investment in, and management of, rental housing is necessary to address a worsening situation which, if left unchecked, could lead to greater housing instability and homelessness with consequent economic and social costs for individuals/households and governments.
Pharmacokinetics of rituximab in patients with CD20 positive B-cell malignancies.

BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of rituximab in patients with CD20 positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, to get more insight into the factors that influence the pharmacokinetics of rituximab. This may aid to understand variability of treatment outcome, in patients with a CD20 positive malignancy treated with rituximab. METHODS In this study, patients with a CD20 positive B-cell malignancy who were treated with rituximab containing regimens were included. Induction treatment schedules consisted of a combination of rituximab with chemotherapy for 4-8 cycles. Maintenance treatment consisted of a 2 or 3-monthly dose of 375 mg/m2 rituximab intravenously for 2 years. On the day of the treatment with rituximab, preinfusion blood samples were taken. Also, after the end of treatment, selected blood samples were taken. Rituximab levels were measured with a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An antigen binding assay was applied for determination of human-antibodies against chimeric-antibodies (HACAs). RESULTS Eight patients were on induction therapy. Rituximab levels of one patient on induction therapy remained very low after the first course. This patient had a chronic lymphoid leukemia with circulating tumor cells and a high tumor burden. Apart from one patient with mantle cell lymphoma, all patients on induction therapy had a complete response. Five patients were on maintenance therapy. Trough levels of 4 patients on three-monthly schedule maintenance therapy remained constant, with a median concentration of 6 mu g/mL (range 0.5-11.7 microg/mL). One patient had a relapse during his maintenance treatment. The elimination half-life at steady state of rituximab in all patients was estimated to be 19.2 (+/- 15.2%) days with a between-subject variability of 54%, indicating wide variability. Possible pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship was observed as rituximab levels of the non-responders remained low compared to the rituximab levels of the responders. For all patients, concentration of HACAs remained below the quantification limit. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION Considerable inter-individual variability of rituximab levels was observed. Although the patient population was small, the results support the need for more research into the pharmacokinetics and factors that might influence the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of rituximab in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Reflections on the origins of modern accounting

The purpose of this paper is to use an historical lens to assess the prospect for West’s (2003) challenge to accountants that, in order to halt the demise of accountancy as a profession, there is a need for a body of knowledge with sufficient cognitive authority to generate accounting numbers that are functionally fit for use. The paper uses two origins of modern accounting to consider West’s challenge. These are double-entry bookkeeping and accountancy professionalization, both argued to be primary influences on the current state of accounting and the accountancy profession. The historical consequences of both origins are observed as an ambiguous relationship between the accountancy profession and the state, an accounting practice without a coherent and consistent theory, and accounting research that is largely irrelevant to practitioners and standard-setters. The paper concludes that, unless accountants identify and control an authoritative body of accounting knowledge, there is little prospect for halting the demise of accountancy as a professionalized occupation. The paper suggests that an appropriate conduit to identify an authoritative body of knowledge is accounting research and a relevant means to control it is the social closure of accounting education and training programmes.
Dynamic Capabilities, Developmental Industrial Strategy and The Strategic SCA of Nations

Economics and management literatures fail to properly articulate the interrelationship between enterprise-level appropriability/value capture strategies and the acquisition and sustainability of economy-wide co-created value. We propose a developmental industrial strategy that aims to help capture for the nation state co-created value hence foster the strategic SCA of the nation, by leveraging dynamic organizational capabilities.
Analysis of the glucocerebrosidase gene in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by a combination of motor symptoms. Identifying novel PD genetic risk factors is important for understanding its pathogenesis. A recent study suggested that up to 21% of subjects with PD may have mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene. We investigated the GBA gene for mutations in 88 PD cases and 122 normal controls and detected the presence of heterozygous GBA mutations in 5 PD cases and in 1 control. Sequencing of the entire open reading frame of the GBA gene in a subset of 25 cases with early‐onset PD (<50 years of age) uncovered no additional mutations. Our results demonstrate a marginally significant association of GBA mutations with PD and suggest that variations in the GBA gene may constitute a rare susceptibility factor for PD (P = 0.048). © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Analysis of magnetic properties rocks and soils around the Danau Diatas, West Sumatra

The magnetic characteristics of the rocks have different magnetic properties of each kind. If this rock experiences weathering, then the rock material will be carried around the area such as the lake, through the wind, the water is then sedimentated. These sediments can also come from dust from volcanic eruptions (volcanic ash) where the magnetic properties that come from surrounding rocks are different from the magnetic properties derived from dust from volcanic eruptions. This study was used to determine the magnetic characteristics of rocks and soil around the Danau Diatas West Sumatra, which is one source of sediment. This the magnetic properties can be determined using rocks magnetism method that are commonly used to determine the magnetic properties of a material nature. Characteristics magnetic determined through test susceptibility magnetic using Bartington MS2B (Magnetic Suceptibility sensor B) dual frequency of 470 Hz and 4.7 kHz. Results this study shows values χ LF (susceptibility low frequency), χhf (susceptibility high frequency) and χfd % (susceptibility frequency dependent ). Value of susceptibility of rocks and soil obtained variations in the range of 23.77 × 10−8 m3 / kg - 2791.6 × 10−8 m3 / kg and 17.4 × 10−8 m3 / kg - 2804.4 × 10−8 m3 / kg. The value of magnetic suceptibility of rock and soil is included in the ferromagnetic mineral group and the types of minerals contained there in are ilmenite (FeTiO3) and hematite (Fe2O3). The value of frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility χfd (%) ranges from 0.4% to 13.5%. For the value of χfd (%) 0.4% - 1.1% means that there is no or contains less than 10% superparamagnetic grain, for the value of χ fd (%) 3.3% means the mixture of superparamagnetic grain and coarser non-superparamagnetic grain, or superparamagnetic grain measuring < 0. 005μm, and for the value of χ fd (%) 13.5%, meaning that the whole or consists of more than 75% superparamagnetic grains.
On Confidence Bounds for the Ratio of Net Differences in the “Gold Standard” Design with Reference, Experimental, and Placebo Treatment

The three‐arm clinical study including a placebo has been recommended to be the preferred study design for the comparison of an experimental treatment relative to a reference treatment. In a confirmatory three‐arm study multiplicity issues arise that are not present in two‐arm studies. In the past a successful demonstration of superiority of the reference over placebo has been regarded a prerequisite validation step for the demonstration of superiority of the experimental treatment over placebo. However, for an investigator this last comparison is the most critical one. In a clinical study the demonstration of superiority of the experimental treatment over placebo is a result of its own value and this should therefore not be made dependent on tests that are of higher priority in a hierarchical test procedure. This can be achieved through a symmetrical formulation of Fieller's method for constructing confidence intervals for ratio of the expected values from normally distributed variables. In the symmetrical formulation the different meanings of nominator and denominator disappear, and simultaneous statements for comparisons between the experimental treatment and placebo, reference treatment and placebo, and reference and experimental treatment can be made. This is accomplished by moving the discussion on confidence sets from the line of real numbers to the unit circle which allows representing confidence sectors always as connected sets, gives always simple geometrical interpretations, and is easy to be transformed back to the real numbers if the traditional calculations behave well. The proposed procedures provides additional insight in existing methods but does obviously not answer the clinical question whether or not the demonstration of superiority of the reference treatment over placebo is a necessary validation step for further comparisons. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
3-D registration on carotid artery imaging data: MRI for different timesteps

A common problem which is faced by the researchers when dealing with arterial carotid imaging data is the registration of the geometrical structures between different imaging modalities or different timesteps. The use of the “Patient Position” DICOM field is not adequate to achieve accurate results due to the fact that the carotid artery is a relatively small structure and even imperceptible changes in patient position and/or direction make it difficult. While there is a wide range of simple/advanced registration techniques in the literature, there is a considerable number of studies which address the geometrical structure of the carotid artery without using any registration technique. On the other hand the existence of various registration techniques prohibits an objective comparison of the results using different registration techniques. In this paper we present a method for estimating the statistical significance that the choice of the registration technique has on the carotid geometry. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the p-values were <;0.0001 for the distances of the lumen from the centerline for both right and left carotids of the patient case that was studied.
Time for a Neonatal-Specific Consensus Definition for Sepsis

Objective: To review the accuracy of the pediatric consensus definition of sepsis in term neonates and to determine the definition of neonatal sepsis used. Study Selection: The review focused primarily on pediatric literature relevant to the topic of interest. Conclusions: Neonatal sepsis is variably defined based on a number of clinical and laboratory criteria that make the study of this common and devastating condition very difficult. Diagnostic challenges and uncertain disease epidemiology necessarily result from a variable definition of disease. In 2005, intensivists caring for children recognized that as new drugs became available, children would be increasingly studied and thus, pediatric-specific consensus definitions were needed. Pediatric sepsis criteria are not accurate for term neonates and have not been examined in preterm neonates for whom the developmental stage influences aberrations associated with host immune response. Thus, specific consensus definitions for both term and preterm neonates are needed. Such definitions are critical for the interpretation of observational studies, future training of scientists and practitioners, and implementation of clinical trials in neonates.
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) signaling and disease

Abstract The small Rho GTPase family of proteins, encompassing the three major G-protein classes Rho, Rac and cell division control protein 42, are key mitogenic signaling molecules that regulate multiple cancer-associated cellular phenotypes including cell proliferation and motility. These proteins are known for their role in the regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, which is achieved through modulating the activity of their downstream effector molecules. The Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) proteins were the first discovered Rho effectors that were primarily established as players in RhoA-mediated stress fiber formation and focal adhesion assembly. It has since been discovered that the ROCK kinases actively phosphorylate a large cohort of actin-binding proteins and intermediate filament proteins to modulate their functions. It is well established that global cellular morphology, as modulated by the three cytoskeletal networks: actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules, is regulated by a variety of accessory proteins whose activities are dependent on their phosphorylation by the Rho-kinases. As a consequence, they regulate many key cellular functions associated with malignancy, including cell proliferation, motility and viability. In this current review, we focus on the role of the ROCK-signaling pathways in disease including cancer.
World Food Price Increase Where Does the Buck Stop

This paper tries to ascertain the crop specific causes for the recent global food price rise. This is an effort to not only identify specific causes for each crop but also to determine their geographic origins. The reasons for price rise vary from crop to crop – for wheat these were the crop failures in United States, Australia and Canada in various years and the slow growth in productivity, which led to production falling behind consumption at the beginning of the twenty first century, abetted by the rapid population growth and increase in per capita consumption in the African continent; for rice population growth in India was an abetting factor but it was the dramatic rice crop failure in the same country in 2002 which drove stocks to new lows that was the precipitating factor; for corn the gap between consumption and production at the beginning of this century and massive increases in per capita overall consumption of corn in the United States attributable to biofuel production were the main reasons; in the case of soybean the reasons were the massive increase in Chinese demand for soybean oil and soybean meal (the latter resulting from a rapid increase in demand for meat) attributable to that country’s rapid economic development and changing tastes.
Time and location-based hybrid recommendation system

With the development of the Internet, e-commerce industry rises rapidly. Online shopping becomes more and more convenient and fast. However it is very difficult for consumers to find satisfied commodity because of abundant and mixed commodity. Especially when people purchase the items which they are not familiar with or consume in a strange place. The study of the recommended system is to figure out those problems referred above. Traditional recommended methods use the similarity of user and item, in addition some people use the content of the item. This paper will convert recommended problem into classification problem and merge together the knowledge-based method. We also propose a flexibility and scalable feature selection approach. As we know, people's activeness and item's popularity change with time. So we abstract time context from time window and time decay in this paper. Though location-based recommendation becomes more and more important, geography information often sparse. In order to solve the problem we apply a new method to fill the missing location information and abstract spatial properties of users and items. The result of recommendation had been improved by using our methods.
Calculation and stability investigation of periodic steady states of the voltage controlled Buck DC-DC converter

A new method for investigating the complex dc-dc converters dynamics is suggested in this paper. The method is based on the formulation of a nonlinear difference equation with respect to the duty cycle. This equation embodies the nonlinear and discrete-time characteristics of dc-dc converters and allows both the calculation of normal and subharmonic steady states and their local stability analysis. The method is presented through the analysis of a voltage controlled Buck dc-dc converter.
Improvement of soil moisture inversion for single-polarized SAR data of bare soil surfaces using DInSAR technique

This paper presents the development of a new soil moisture inversion algorithm with a combination of the inversion algorithm using a scattering model and the differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) technique. We used the juxtaposition/possibility inversion algorithm for single-polarized backscattering coefficients data. To improve inversion accuracy, DInSAR technique was used to estimate the soil moisture change by computing the deviation of the ground penetration depths from the phase-difference between two SAR data, and comparing it with the penetration-depth difference computed by a scattering model.
Wage Diversity and Its Theoretical Implications

ECONOMISTS who have made detailed comparative studies of wage rates within a plant or between plants in the same labormarket area are struck by the haphazard variations in such rates and by the "irrationality" of many intraplant and interplant differentials in wages.2 Actual wage facts seem contrary to what one might expect according to conventional wage theory. Demand and supply do not eliminate gross "inequities" or gross irrationality.3 Perfect competition seems to be the exception rather than the rule. Movement in response to varying rates does not take place even in the same locality. One of the most significant facts about wage rates is their variation for the same job in the same labor market.4 Instead of a single rate for the same work, there is usually a band or zone of rates ranging from the lowestto the highestpaying employer in a community. The wide diversity in plant wage levels in the same labormarket area is strikingly indicated by the local surveys made by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in I943 and I944 in order to establish, by occupational groups and labor-market areas, "brackets of sound and tested going rates. "
CROSSalive: a web server for predicting the in vivo structure of RNA molecules

Here we introduce CROSSalive, an algorithm to predict the RNA secondary structure profile (double and single stranded regions) in vivo and without sequence length limitations. Using predictions of protein interactions CROSSalive predicts the effect of N6 adenosine methylation (m6a) on RNA structure. Trained on icSHAPE data in presence (m6a+) and absence (m6a-) of methylation CROSSalive achieves an accuracy of 0.88 on the test set. The algorithm was also applied to the murine long non-coding RNA Xist (17900 nt, not present in the training) and shows a Pearson’s correlation of 0.45 with SHAPE-map data. CROSSalive webserver is freely accessible at the following page: http://service.tartaglialab. com/new_submission/crossalive