Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of metal three-dimensional periodic nanostructures by diffraction phenomenon

Recently, there has been considerable interest in mass production technology of metal three-dimensional periodic nanostructures. For mass production, photolithography using diffraction phenomenon is well suited expect the disadvantage that it is difficult to fabricate the metal structures. Therefore, this paper reports for the first time a fabrication of the metal three-dimensional periodic nanostructures, by the diffraction-based lithography using metal ion-containing photoresists. In this report, Ag was used as a metal material to fabricate the structures. An examination of Ag+ concentration shows that for Ag+ equal to 0.28% or less, Ag nanoparticles are not formed on the photoresist. Under these conditions, it is found that the optimum exposure for fabricating the structures is 400 mJ/cm2.
INDICATORS OF LIBRARY SERVICE QUALITY AND SATISFACTION AMONG STUDENTS OF NIGERIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. A PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS APPROACH.

Provision and utilization of relevant library resources and services are fundamental for student satisfaction and institutional achievement. Employing the methodology of systematic review, we placed 41 English empirical articles on this subject into perspective. 21 library resources and service factors were relevant to determining student satisfaction in Nigerian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a multivariate technique widely used for data reduction. This study further used the PCA to identify the relevant library resources and services variables with the highest variance. Arrangement of resources in their proper places on the shelves; library provides user education/orientation exercises (periodically); application of expert systems in reference service in: cataloging, classification, indexing, and acquisition; standby generators; and easily accessible resources (physical and electronic), which constituted the library's mode of operation (process), were found to contribute 81.1% of the total variance. This indicates that these five factors were the top predictors of student satisfaction with academic libraries in Nigerian public tertiary institutions. The study can go a long way by providing tertiary institution librarians and libraries with a guide on formulating robust educational library policies. The policies, when formulated, are expected to yield good results since the input of the policies originated from those the policies affect the most. Further studies can replicate this research in other developing countries to affirm or disprove the study results.
Challenges for precision shape measurements

We discuss a number of physical effects about deeply depleted CCDs that have a significant impact on shape estimation. In particular, the focus is on issues related to measuring accurate shear values of galaxies for weak lensing science. There are three types of effects we discuss: effects related to the world coordinate system (WCS), the so-called brighter-fatter relation, and variable pixel size. In each case, we describe the effect, explain the impact on shape measurements, and propose possible solutions.
Computer Prediction of Precipitation Probability in the United States

Abstract The “perfect prog” method of combining numerical and statistical weather prediction is applied to develop an automated system for forecasting the probability of precipitation at 108 cities on the mainland of the United States during daytime and nighttime periods from 12–60 hr in advance. Multiple regression equations are derived from a 4–5 year sample of data by seasons for each city by screening twice-daily geographical arrays of the following predictors: initial 850-mb height, initial 850–700 mb mean dew-point spread, and previous 12-hr precipitation at the network of surface stations. Each of the three predictor fields contributes about equally toward explaining the variance of the observed precipitation, but considerable geographical variation is exhibited by the equations. The forecast system is applied in an iterative fashion in 12-hr time steps by using as input numerical predictions of height and moisture at standard grid points as well as prior values of precipitation. The resulting comp.
A Visualization Technique for Studying the Iterative Estimation of Mixture Densities

Abstract This article focuses on recent work that analyzes the expectation maximization (EM) evolution of mixtures-based estimators. The goal of this research is the development of effective visualization techniques to portray the mixture model parameters as they change in time. This is an inherently high-dimensional process. Techniques are presented that portray the time evolution of univariate, bivariate, and trivariate finite and adaptive mixtures estimators. Adaptive mixtures is a recently developed variable bandwidth kernel estimator where each of the kernels is not constrained to reside at a sample location. The future role of these techniques in developing new versions of the adaptive mixtures procedure is also discussed.
The vibration of rectangular plates treated using simply supported plate functions in the Rayleigh-Ritz method

The problem of the flexural vibration of rectangular plates has been treated extensively, with good result, using appropriate beam vibration mode shapes as admissible functions in both the Rayleigh and Rayleigh—Ritz methods [D. Young, J. Appl. Mech. 17, 448–453 (1950); G. B. Warburton, Proc. I. Mech. E. 168, 371–384 (1954); A. W. Leissa, J. Sound Vib. 31(3), 257–293 (1973); S. M. Dickinson, J. Sound Vib. 61(1), 1–8 (1978)]. An alternative set of admissible functions, derived from the mode shapes of vibration of plates having two parallel edges simply supported and boundary conditions on the other two edges appropriate for the plate under consideration, was suggested by Dickinson [J. Sound Vib. 59(1), 143–146 (1978)] and their use in Rayleigh's method demonstrated. The present paper describes the use of these functions in the Rayleigh—Ritz method and illustrates the improvement (or otherwise) in the natural frequencies so calculated over those obtained using beam functions for several example plates. It is found that for plates supported in some manner on all four edges, the simply supported plate functions yield superior results.
Modeling dielectric properties of composites by finite-element method

Dielectric spectra of binary composites consisting of equal-sized hard disks of one dielectric dispersed randomly in a matrix of another dielectric are modeled in two dimensions using the finite-element method. The effects of the volume fraction of the disks and difference in the component permittivities and ohmic conductivities on the effective dielectric behavior of the resulting composite are discussed. Numerical results are compared with the results predicted using a few mixture formulas chosen. For this type of composites, the comparison shows, that in the region of compositions and component properties explored, the Brugemann formula is in the best agreement with the numerical results [Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 24, 636 (1935)].
Optical limiting properties of metal nanowires

Metal (Cu, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Ag) nanowires (MNWs) have been produced using anodic aluminum oxide as template. The grown MNWs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. The optical limiting properties of the MNWs are also studied and results obtained at 532 and 1064nm indicate that MNWs have broadband optical limiting capability and the optical limiting performances of some MNWs are comparable to or better than that of carbon nanotubes. It was found that the nonlinear response of MNWs is dominated by nonlinear scattering.
Vibration suppression of thick plates with attached piezoelectric patches using 1D Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) based finite element models

The first six vibration modes of a thick plate with 10 piezoelectric sensor‐actuator pairs are suppressed using advanced beam elements based on the one‐dimensional Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). A three‐dimensional model is developed by combining one‐dimensional beam elements with two‐dimensional Lagrange expansions in this paper. For the reduction of vibration of a thick cantilever plate, a PIDF type control is designed and tuned. Based on the results of the simulation, it can be concluded that the simulation of thick plate models with impulse inputs is efficient as well after model order reduction.
Skippable or non-skippable? Pre-roll or mid-roll? Visual attention and effectiveness of in-stream ads

Abstract In-stream ads are one of the most common ad formats on the Internet nowadays, especially on YouTube. However, there has not been enough research on visual attention and advertising effectiveness, especially regarding the effect of ad position, and whether skippable or non-skippable ads are more effective. Therefore, with a 2 (skipping characteristic: skippable/non-skippable) × 2 (ad position: pre-roll/mid-roll) between-subjects experimental design, we investigated the effect of skipping characteristic and ad position on visual attention and effectiveness (i.e., brand recall, attitude, and intrusiveness) of in-stream ads. The findings bring conceptual contributions to the domain of advertising. Through theories of interactivity, duration of exposure, and moment of interruption, we show the superiority of non-skippable and pre-roll ads concerning visual attention and advertising effectiveness. Moreover, we identify excessive visual attention in the skip button location. Thus, we envision new insights and discussions on the topic, including practical implications.
Machine Learning Algorithmic Models for Forecasting Fuel Consumption by Vehicles of the Grain Crops Delivery

The analysis of the state of development and use of machine learning algorithmic models in road transport logistics systems has been carried out. The expediency of application of machine learning algorithmic model for predicting fuel consumption by vehicles during the grain crops delivery from agricultural enterprises to the grain elevator has been substantiated. The reggression machine learning algorithmic models: DT (Decision Tree) model and the RF (Random Forest) model for forecasting fuel consumption by vehicles is selected. On the basis of historical data of the enterprise that transports grain crops from agricultural enterprises to the elevator, forecasting of fuel consumption by vehicles with the use proposed models has been carried out. The resulting prediction of vehicle fuel consumption with the use the RF random forest model, as opposed to the values of individual decision trees, has a lower ability to retraining and greater flexibility to the limit of vehicle fuel consumption decisions. Evaluation of the specified models for forecasting fuel consumption by vehicles during the grain crops delivery from agricultural enterprises to the grain elevator has been performed according the following criteria: mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Total time and Training time. It has been determined that the best prediction of fuel consumption by vehicles during the grain crops delivery from agricultural enterprises to the grain elevator is performed by the RF random forest model, which provides a relative error of the obtained results of 4.6% with a standard deviation of ±0.1 and a total machine learning time of 4.8s. The obtained results of the researches can be used for the selection of the most efficient means of transport for executing orders of the grain crops delivery from agricultural enterprises to the elevator.
Discovering Slavic Mythology between East and West: Folklore Research and the Pagan Past in the Service of Nation-Building

Abstract This article analyses how pagan Slavic religion and mythology were assembled in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, using the example of folklore research in the Czech lands. It demonstrates how imaginings of the original nature of Slavic religion and mythology, and speculations about the Indo-European past, contributed to Czech nation-building. Reviewing the shift from amateur folklore research to the establishment of institutionalized disciplines, the article argues that Christian theological assumptions enabled the ‘discovery’ of Slavic religion and gave it a peculiar shape through secularization of the original theological ideas.
The Evolution and Stability of Finite-Amplitude Mountain Waves. Part II: Surface Wave Drag and Severe Downslope Windstorms

Abstract The transient evolution of internal waves which are forced by the flow of stably stratified fluid over two-dimensional topography exhibits several pronounced nonlinear effects for geophysically relevant values of the governing parameters. For homogeneous flows in which the internal Froude number is constant, the importance of nonlinearity is determined by the aspect ratio of the topography and the flow in the steady-state regime is as predicted by Long's model. When the background flow is inhomogeneous, Long's model no longer applies and new nonlinear effects may occur. One example of such an effect is the marked increase in the efficiency with which resonant lee waves are excited beyond the linear efficiency. A second example concerns the possibility of the trapping and subsequent amplification of the internal wave beneath its own level of supercritical steepening. The latter process appears to be important in understanding the strong downslope windstorm which occurred at Boulder, Colorado, on 1.
TOF mobility measurements in pristine films of P3HT: control of hole injection and influence of film thickness

Time-of-flight (TOF) photocurrent measurements have been used to study charge transport in films of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Devices in which the P3HT film had been deposited directly onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode produced high dark currents as a result of hole injection into P3HT from ITO. Photocurrent transients in such devices were disperse. It was found however, that these dark currents could be significantly reduced by inserting a dense TiO2 layer between the ITO and the polymer film. The resulting devices gave non-dispersive transients with hole and electron mobilities in the range of 1 - 2 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature. The mobility values were observed to be almost independent of film thickness over the range of 350 nm to 4.3 μm. Temperature dependence studies showed a weak dependence on temperature with a low energetic disorder parameter according to analysis using the Gaussian Disorder Model (GDM) of 71 meV.
From the SI mass unit to multiples and submultiples: an overview

The techniques used for generating multiples and submultiples of the kilogram are reviewed, and their historical evolution is outlined. Emphasis is given to estimation of the values of the measurands, in connection with the need for prior knowledge about them. This need has deep motivation and implies the introduction of constraints on their values. The alternatives of deterministic constraints, leading to the Lagrangian multipliers method, and uncertain constraints, leading to the minimum variance estimator, are discussed, as well as the mathematical relationship between the two methods.
Service Migration Strategy Based on Multi-Attribute MDP in Mobile Edge Computing

In order to solve the problem of service interruption caused by user movement and the limited service range of edge nodes, a service migration algorithm based on the multi-attribute Markov decision process was proposed for mobile edge computing. By performing service migration, the distance between the user and the service is always kept to a small range. In addition, in order to prevent the service quality from being affected by the frequent migration of users, the return function of the model was defined by comprehensively considering the service quality, the resource demand of the service, the migration cost, and the movement income of users in each node, and on the premise of taking into account the migration cost and resource conditions, which did not only make up the deficiency of the service migration scheme based solely on distance. The number of migrations is also reduced, and a single migration target server is no longer used. The candidate server set was constructed based on the user’s motion trajectory, and the Q-Learning algorithm was used to solve the problem. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the number of migrations and ensure the balance between the number of migrations and the cost of migrations.
Determination of transport levels of organic semiconductors by UPS and IPS

In this paper, we present a comprehensive discussion on the determination of transport levels of organic semiconductors using a combination of UV and inverse photoemission spectroscopies (UPS and IPS, respectively). We discuss the key question of how the spectra should be evaluated to obtain the correct values for the transport levels. Our evaluation results in much smaller exciton binding energies than generally assumed, ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 eV for CuPc, PTCDA and Alq3. Moreover, we find that polarization effects, vibrations, experimental resolution and inhomogeneous broadening contribute very little to the position and width of the broad photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and IPS signals. Thus, we suggest a model that explains much of the broadening as a result of dynamic charge delocalization. We discuss our data in analogy to those obtained for inorganic semiconductors (IOSCs), which are presented in a separate paper.
First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Water–Solid Interface Behavior of H2O-Based Atomic Layer Deposition of Zirconium Dioxide

As an important inorganic material, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) has a wide range of applications in the fields of microelectronics, coating, catalysis and energy. Due to its high dielectric constant and thermodynamic stability, ZrO2 can be used as dielectric material to replace traditional silicon dioxide. Currently, ZrO2 dielectric films can be prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using water and zirconium precursors, namely H2O-based ALD. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations, the adsorption and dissociation of water molecule on the ZrO2 surface and the water–solid interface reaction were investigated. The results showed that the ZrO2 (111) surface has four Lewis acid active sites with different coordination environments for the adsorption and dissociation of water. The Zr atom on the surface can interacted with the O atom of the water molecule via the p orbital of the O atom and the d orbital of the Zr atom. The water molecules could be dissociated via the water–solid interface reaction of the first or second layer of water molecules with the ZrO2 (111) surface. These insights into the adsorption and dissociation of water and the water–solid interface reaction on the ZrO2 surface could also provide a reference for the water–solid interface behavior of metal oxides, such as H2O-based ALD.
Algorithms with conic termination for nonlinear optimization

This paper describes the implementation of algorithms for unconstrained optimization which have the property of minimizing conic objective functions in a finite number of steps, when line searches are exact. This work extends the algorithms of Davidon [“Conjugate directions for conic functions” in Nonlinear Optimization 1981, M.J.D. Powell, ed., Academic Press, London, 1981] and Gourgeon and Nocedal [SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. , 6 (1985), pp. 253–267] to general nonlinear objective functions, paying much attention to the practical behavior of the new methods. Three types of algorithms are described; they are extensions of the conjugate gradient method, the BFGS method, and a limited-memory BFGS method. The numerical results show that new methods are very effective in solving practical problems.
Continuous flow ultrasonic particle trapping in a glass capillary

Ultrasonic manipulation devices frequently exploit ultrasonic standing waves to trap particles in locations across the width of a fluidic channel or chamber. In contrast, this work describes a device, which traps particles along the length of the channel and hence at different locations along the direction of fluid flow. Actuation is achieved using a single piezoelectric transducer bonded to a borosilicate glass capillary, which defines the fluidic channel. Modes of operation have been found experimentally and through use of finite element simulation methods in which the particles can be trapped at locations away from the piezoelectric transducer allowing optimal visual access to the clumps of particles. These locations are separated by distances significantly greater than half the acoustic wavelength. When flow is introduced, a single clump is formed and optical access is unhindered by the opaque transducer allowing a method of capturing particles for multi-axial optical analysis. Applications could include determination of sample concentration or creation of concentrated samples for subsequent batch operations.Ultrasonic manipulation devices frequently exploit ultrasonic standing waves to trap particles in locations across the width of a fluidic channel or chamber. In contrast, this work describes a device, which traps particles along the length of the channel and hence at different locations along the direction of fluid flow. Actuation is achieved using a single piezoelectric transducer bonded to a borosilicate glass capillary, which defines the fluidic channel. Modes of operation have been found experimentally and through use of finite element simulation methods in which the particles can be trapped at locations away from the piezoelectric transducer allowing optimal visual access to the clumps of particles. These locations are separated by distances significantly greater than half the acoustic wavelength. When flow is introduced, a single clump is formed and optical access is unhindered by the opaque transducer allowing a method of capturing particles for multi-axial optical analysis. Applications could incl.
Immunomodulation of HDAC Inhibitor Entinostat Potentiates the Anticancer Effects of Radiation and PD-1 Blockade in the Murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma Model

Although the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has proven to be effective in lung cancer treatment, it may not be sufficient to fully activate the antitumor immune response. Here, we investigated whether entinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, could improve the efficacy of radiotherapy and anti-PD-1 in a murine syngeneic LL/2 tumor model. A total of 12 Gy of X-rays administered in two fractions significantly delayed tumor growth in mice, which was further enhanced by oral entinostat administration. Flow cytometry-aided immune cell profiling revealed that entinostat increased radiation-induced infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and CD8+ T cells with decreased regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Transcriptomics-based immune phenotype prediction showed that entinostat potentiated radiation-activated pathways, such as JAK/STAT3/interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Entinostat augmented the antitumor efficacy of radiation and anti-PD-1, which may be related to an increase in IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cells with a decrease in Treg cells. Comparative transcriptomic profiling predicted that entinostat increased the number of dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells in tumors treated with radiation and anti-PD-1 by inducing MHC-II genes. In conclusion, our findings provided insights into how entinostat improves the efficacy of ionizing radiation plus anti-PD-1 therapy and offered clues for developing new strategies for clinical trials.