Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Anomalous Crowd Behaviour Using Hyperspherical Clustering

Analysis of crowd behaviour in public places is an indispensable tool for video surveillance. Automated detection of anomalous crowd behaviour is a critical problem with the increase in human population. Anomalous events may include a person loitering about a place for unusual amounts of time; people running and causing panic; the size of a group of people growing over time etc. In this work, to detect anomalous events and objects, two types of feature coding has been proposed: spatial features and spatio-temporal features. Spatial features comprises of contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity, which are derived from Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Spatio-temporal feature includes the time spent by an object at different locations in the scene. Hyperspherical clustering has been employed to detect the anomalies. Spatial features revealed the anomalous frames by using contrast and homogeneity measures. Loitering behaviour of the people were detected as anomalous objects using the spatio-temporal coding.
Kompetenzerfassung in der Pflege älterer Menschen - Theoretische und domänenspezifische Anforderungen der Aufgabenmodellierung

Seifried, Jurgen [Hrsg. ]; Fashauer, Uwe [Hrsg. ]; Seeber, Susan [Hrsg. ]: Jahrbuch der berufs- und wirtschaftspadagogischen Forschung 2014. Opladen [u.a. ] : Budrich 2014, S. 53-66. - (Schriftenreihe der Sektion Berufs- und Wirtschaftspadagogik der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Erziehungswissenschaft (DGfE); 217) Padagogische Teildisziplin: Berufs- und Wirtschaftspadagogik; als elektronischer Volltext verfugbar
Investigating Citizenship: An Agenda for Citizenship Studies

This essay takes stock of our editorial collaboration in the past decade and outlines those ideas that we find most promising and approaches that are most fruitful in investigating citizenship. We offer it as an agenda; not so much a dogmatic sequence of principles as an ethos toward conceiving democratic citizenship as a cosmopolitan virtue. We propose a cosmopolitan mobility tax and a cosmopolitan goods and services tax to illustrate how that cosmopolitan virtue must find a practical expression.
Evaluation of carotid endarterectomy with sequential MR perfusion imaging: a preliminary report.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Current indications for carotid endarterectomy are determined by balancing the relative risks of surgery with the benefits of reduced risk of subsequent stroke. Our purpose was to use MR perfusion imaging to assess patients being considered for carotid endarterectomy and to monitor sequential changes in MR perfusion characteristics after surgery. In particular, we wished to determine whether this technique could be used to detect changes that might be related to post-carotid endarterectomy hyperemia. METHODS We used a single-section gradient-recalled echo sequence to investigate 14 patients being examined before possible surgery for carotid artery disease. In the 12 patients in whom carotid endarterectomy was performed, sequential studies were performed 3 to 5 days after surgery and at 3 months. Analysis of bolus-arrival-time (BAT) images was performed. RESULTS Significant delays in preoperative BAT images of 0.89 seconds (range, 0.05 to 3.22 seconds) were apparent between hemispheres. Excluding the two patients with contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, early arrival, possibly indicating postoperative hyperemia, was seen in five patients immediately after carotid endarterectomy but resolved within 3 to 5 months after surgery. CONCLUSION MR perfusion imaging shows differences in BAT between hemispheres in patients with ICA stenosis. Changes in perfusion characteristics after carotid endarterectomy are complex, and early BAT on the operative side can occur soon after endarterectomy in over half those patients without an occluded contralateral vessel. The significance of these findings with regard to patient outcome and risk of postoperative hyperemia requires further investigation.
Comparing technical debt in student exercises using test driven development, test last and ad hoc programming

Technical Debt is a metaphor that explains a phenomenon that occurs in software development when programmers are faced with trade-off decisions (usually ship first vs. quality assurance). This work analyses the amount of technical debt incurred by undergraduate students using different coding techniques. This observational study uses source code from seventy-five students. We provided students with similar exercises to compare techniques by measuring with static code analyzers (Sonar, FindBugs). The techniques are TDD, Test Last, and ad hoc programming. Our results could not find a statistically significant difference of technical debt incurred by each development practices. Nonetheless, with both tools ad hoc programming measures less technical debt than TDD, and TDD measures less than Test Last. Furthermore, we observed that the two measurement tools outputs are not statistically correlated. Finally, we discuss implications for the research of technical debt stemming from our observations.
Cadmium and lead contamination in vegetables collected from industrial, traffic and rural areas in Bursa Province, Turkey

Cadmium and lead contamination of vegetables produced in rural areas of Bursa Province, Turkey, was found to be less contaminated than vegetables grown close to heavy traffic and industrial activities. The highest levels of cadmium and lead were found in lettuce; the lowest levels in vegetables were found in leeks. The lead levels in spinach grown in traffic areas were at least twofold higher than those found in industrial areas. For other vegetables, the results from industrial and traffic areas were almost identical. Lettuce grown in traffic areas had the highest amount of cadmium (0.81 ± 0.25 mg kg−1) and lead (1.59 ± 0.45 mg kg−1), whilst leeks grown in rural areas had the lowest levels of lead (0.10 ± 0.03 mg kg−1) and cadmium (0.05 ± 0.01 mg kg−1) compared with other vegetables. This study shows that people and animals living in the same area in Bursa are always exposed to metallic pollution and in turn the consumption of contaminated vegetables could lead to increased dietary intake.
Emotion in Later Life

Recent research investigating emotion in old age suggests that autonomic responsiveness diminishes with age. The experiential aspects of emotion, however, show less marked age differences. Despite the health-related and social losses of old age, research findings on changes in the frequency and valence of affect in old age are inconsistent, and those studies that have reported changes have found only small ones. Studies of emotion regulation have found evidence of increasing self-regulatory skill with age. Theoretical accounts of emotional development in late life emphasize the integration of cognitive and affective processes, but differ in whether accommodative mechanisms are considered to be as effective as proactive mechanisms in reaching emotional goals.
New lane in the information highway: alternative reading frame peptides elicit T cells with potent antiretrovirus activity

CD8+ T cells rapidly recognize virus-infected cells due to the generation of antigenic peptides from defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) that are encoded by standard open reading frames (ORFs). New data now show that alternative reading frame (ARF) DRiPs can also induce robust CD8+ T cell responses. ARF-specific T cells control retroviral replication and select for viral escape in monkeys, providing the most compelling evidence to date for the biological relevance of ARF immunosurveillance.
Dispersal and Mating Behavior of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Bt Cornfields

ABSTRACT Understanding of the mating and dispersal behavior of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte), is essential to predicting potential resistance to Bt corn technologies recently deployed to combat this pest. To quantify movement of male beetles, field studies were conducted during 2006 and 2007 in commercial Bt cornfields that included the Environmental Protection Agency-mandated 20% refuge acreage. Wing traps containing a single virgin female beetle were placed along transects throughout these fields. Male beetles were collected from the sticky bottoms of traps to compare the mean number of beetles captured at the different transect distances. Gut contents of each captured male were assayed with protein test strips to determine if the Bt protein (Cry3Bb1) was present. This provided an estimate of the distances traveled by males to reach virgin females. These data indicated that the mean number of males captured ≈200 m from refuge corn was not significantly different than the mean number of males captured close to the refuge (<22 m). Complementary field observations were conducted to determine how far newly emerged female beetles moved before mating and the time of day mating occurs. Results indicated that females do not move far from the site of emergence before mating and do not mate within the first 4 h of adult life. The implications of these data for movement and mating patterns of adult rootworms in Bt/refuge environments are discussed.
Adaptive Compressed Classification for hyperspectral imagery

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a useful tool for the classification of vast areas. High accuracy is achieved by means of spectral information for each pixel, which inherently leads to a huge amount of data and, thus, requires costly processing. We present an Adaptive Compressed Classification (ACC) framework for HSI that allows a compressive acquisition of the scene of interest. Since classification is performed in the compressive domain, expensive reconstruction is avoided, significantly reducing computational requirements. For ACC, we propose an adaptive probabilistic approach to optimize the measurement and basis matrices. Based on real data sets, we show that Compressed Classification yields high classification accuracy close to results obtained for the complete data. Using the proposed adaptive approach, even higher accuracies are achieved in all tested cases.
Neonatal MRI to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.

BACKGROUND Very preterm infants are at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a means of predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population. METHODS We studied 167 very preterm infants (gestational age at birth, 30 weeks or less) to assess the associations between qualitatively defined white-matter and gray-matter abnormalities on MRI at term equivalent (gestational age of 40 weeks) and the risks of severe cognitive delay, severe psychomotor delay, cerebral palsy, and neurosensory (hearing or visual) impairment at 2 years of age (corrected for prematurity). RESULTS At two years of age, 17 percent of infants had severe cognitive delay, 10 percent had severe psychomotor delay, 10 percent had cerebral palsy, and 11 percent had neurosensory impairment. Moderate-to-severe cerebral white-matter abnormalities present in 21 percent of infants at term equivalent were predictive of the following adverse outcomes at two years of age: cognitive delay (odds ratio, 3.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 8.7), motor delay (odds ratio, 10.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.5 to 30.8), cerebral palsy (odds ratio, 9.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.2 to 28.3), and neurosensory impairment (odds ratio, 4.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 11.3). Gray-matter abnormalities (present in 49 percent of infants) were also associated, but less strongly, with cognitive delay, motor delay, and cerebral palsy. Moderate-to-severe white-matter abnormalities on MRI were significant predictors of severe motor delay and cerebral palsy after adjustment for other measures during the neonatal period, including findings on cranial ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal findings on MRI at term equivalent in very preterm infants strongly predict adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age. These findings suggest a role for MRI at term equivalent in risk stratification for these infants.
Survival of Aspergillus fumigatus in Serum Involves Removal of Iron from Transferrin: the Role of Siderophores

ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is a filamentous fungus which can cause invasive disease in immunocompromised individuals. A. fumigatus can grow in medium containing up to 80% human serum, despite very low concentrations of free iron. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which A. fumigatus obtains iron from the serum iron-binding protein transferrin. In iron-depleted minimal essential medium (MEM), A. fumigatus growth was supported by the addition of holotransferrin (holoTf) or FeCl3 but not by the addition of apotransferrin (apoTf). Proteolytic degradation of transferrin by A. fumigatus occurred in MEM-serum; however, transferrin degradation did not occur until late logarithmic phase. Moreover, transferrin was not degraded by A. fumigatus incubated in MEM-holoTf. Urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that in MEM-holoTf, holoTf was completely converted to apoTf by A. fumigatus. In human serum, all of the monoferric transferrin was converted to apoTf within 8 h. Siderophores were secreted by A. fumigatus after 8 h of growth in MEM-serum and 12 h in MEM-holoTf. The involvement of small molecules in iron acquisition was confirmed by the fact that transferrin was deferrated by A. fumigatus even when physically separated by a 12-kDa-cutoff membrane. Five siderophores were purified from A. fumigatus culture medium, and the two major siderophores were identified as triacetylfusarinine C and ferricrocin. Both triacetylfusarinine C and ferricrocin removed iron from holoTf with an affinity comparable to that of ferrichrome. These data indicate that A. fumigatus survival in human serum in vitro involves siderophore-mediated removal of iron from transferrin. Proteolytic degradation of transferrin may play a secondary role in iron acquisition.
Using W3C Web services choreography description language to define a generic SE development process

Systems engineering (SE) controls a complex environment consisting of various subsystems. Each subsystem demands different kind of requirements and follows specific strategy for its development process. Unifying and harmonizing the development process of all collaborative subsystems towards achieving the ultimate integrated system is the main challenge of systems engineering. This work introduces a new approach towards having a generic unified process applicable to various environments. We suggest a service-oriented framework implemented by Web services for SE process, and define a dynamic abstract layer over the process focused on choreography amongst collaborative subsystems. This layer, which is implemented by a Web services choreography description language, also covers interface management concerns of systems engineering. In such an environment, as long as all services follow a unique protocol like the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) SE process, each phase of the process could be an anonymous service implemented by a different organization
Off-pump coronary artery bypass.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in America. The most common form of heart disease is coronary artery disease, in which the arteries that carry blood to the heart become clogged. Surgeons at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital are now performing minimally invasive heart surgery to treat this disease. The procedure, known as off pump coronary artery bypass, is performed on a growing number of patients with coronary artery disease. During the off pump procedure, special surgical instruments stabilize the heart and hold still the small portion of the heart where the surgeon will sew a bypass graft. The rest of the heart continues to beat and circulate blood through the body. You are about to see an off pump coronary artery bypass in a live webcast from Robert Wood Johnson in New Brunswick, NJ. During today’s presentation, you may send questions to the faculty at any time by clicking the email button on the player.
Attitudes of Principals and Special Education Teachers Toward the Inclusion of Students with Mild Disabilities

Attitudes of 49 principals and 64 special education teachers regarding the inclusion of students with mild disabilities were investigated. Results of a discriminant analysis indicated that principals and special educators were separated into groups with 76% accuracy according to their responses to items drawn from the Regular Education Initiative Teacher Survey (Semmel, Abernathy, Butera, & Lesar, 1991). items measuring attitudes toward the efficacy of included placements with consultative services, the academic outcomes associated with included placements, and the protection of resources devoted to students with mild disabilities correlated most highly with the discriminant function. Findings are discussed in relation to their implications for the implementation of inclusion reforms and the educational opportunities of students with mild disabilities.
Characterization of MOS transistor current mismatch

Electron device matching has been a key factor on the performance of today's analog or even digital electronic circuits. This paper presents a study of drain current matching in MOS transistors. CMOS test structures were designed and fabricated as a way to develop an extensive experimental work, where current mismatch was measured under a wide range of bias conditions. A model for MOS transistor mismatch was also developed, using the carrier number fluctuation theory to account for the effects of local doping fluctuations. This model shows a good fitting with measurements over a wide range of operation conditions, from weak to strong inversion, from the linear to the saturation region, and allows the assessment of mismatch from process and geometric parameters.
Genotypic Variation and Phenotypic Characterization of Granzyme B Gene Polymorphisms

Background. Granzyme B has been associated with allograft rejection in solid organ transplantation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the granzyme B gene might impact its expression. The aims of this study were (1) to establish the frequency of two granzyme B SNPs (A-295G; Q-55R) in pediatric heart transplant (PHTx) recipients and (2) to determine their phenotypic expression in healthy individuals. Methods. Three hundred ninety-six PHTx patients (245 white non-Hispanic, 49 black non-Hispanic, 82 Hispanics, and 20 others) and 52 healthy controls were screened for Q-55R and A-295G. For the control samples, we assessed the frequency of granzyme B positive cells by ELISPOT assay after mitogen stimulation. Results. Among the PHTx recipients, 57% percent of the population carried the Q/Q genotype, whereas 6% were R/R homozygotes. Seven of 49 (14%) black non-Hispanics were R/R homozygotes, whereas 13 of 245 (5%) of white non-Hispanics and 5 of 82 (6%) Hispanics carried the R/R genotype (P=0.02). The A allele frequency of granzyme B A-295G (49.6%) was similar to that of the G allele (50.4%). However, 80% of Black non-Hispanics were A allele carriers compared with 68% of White non-Hispanics (P<0.0001). After mitogen stimulation, the frequency of granzyme B positive cells was higher in the Q/Q homozygotes compared with R/R carriers (P=0.006), whereas a similar frequency of granzyme B positive cells was noticed among the genotypes of A-295G SNP. Conclusions. These data indicate that 55 Q/Q genotype is associated with increased in vitro expression of granzyme B.
A Parallel Implementation of Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Decomposition

Multiobjective particle swarm optimization based on decomposition (MOPSO/D) is an effective algorithm for multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). This paper proposes a parallel version of MOPSO/D algorithm using both message passing interface (MPI) and OpenMP, which is abbreviated as MO-MOPSO/D. It adopts an island model and divides the whole population into several subspecies. Based on the hybrid of distributed and shared-memory programming models, the proposed algorithm can fully use the processing power of today's multicore processors and even a cluster. The experimental results show that MO-MOPSO/D can achieve speedups of 2× on a personal computer equipped with a dual-core four-thread CPU. In terms of the quality of solutions, it can perform similarly to the serial MOPSO/D but greatly outperform NSGA-II. An additional experiment is done on a cluster, and the results show the speedup is not obvious for small-scale MOPs and it is more suitable for solving highly complex problems.
Mend It, Don’t End It: An Alternate View of Assessment Center Construct-Related Validity Evidence

The unitarian conceptualization of validity serves as the conceptual and logical basis for the so-called assessment center (AC) ‘‘construct-related validity paradox. ’’ Within the unitarian framework, at a theoretical level, if a measurement tool demonstrates criterion-related and content-related validity evidence, as is widely accepted with ACs, then it should also be expected to demonstrate construct-related validity evidence (Binning & Barrett, 1989). And because ACs do not appear to do so, we have the resultant AC construct-related validity paradox. So, accepting the premise that the unitarian view is conceptually and logically sound, what is the explanation for the paradox? Why do AC dimension ratings appear not to ‘‘work’’ in terms of construct-related validity evidence? At a broad conceptual level, we present a view that is contrarian to Lance’s (2008) view of ‘‘why ACs don’t work the way they’re supposed to’’ and subsequently what to do about them. Our contrarian view is based on two key points, namely that the vast majority of the empirical AC research to date—particularly that which serves as the basis for calls for the ‘‘redesign of ACs toward taskor role-based ACs and away from traditional dimensionbased ACs’’ (Lance, 2008, p. 84)—is based on (a) espoused as opposed to actual constructs and (b) flawed analysis resulting from an overemphasis on postexercise dimension ratings as measures of AC dimensions. In our view, ACs in practice appear to be effectively designed to representatively sample from the job content domain and also predict criteria of interest, but they are woefully deficient in their construct explication and development. Consequently, we do not concur with Lance’s interpretation of the extant literature and his conclusions concerning what to do about it. Our position is that the issue is not one of a failure in ‘‘AC theory’’ but rather a failure to engage in appropriate tests of said theory. Until such tests have been undertaken, we think it is premature to abandon Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Winfred Arthur, Jr. E-mail: wea@psyc. tamu.edu Address: Department of Psychology, Texas AM Eric Anthony Day, Department of Psychology, The University of Oklahoma; David J. Woehr, Department of Management, The Universityof Tennessee. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1 (2008), 105–111. Copyright a 2008 Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 1754-9426/08