Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inflation and interest

The paper deals with inflation in several countries at the same time, starting from the analysis contained in a previous essay on “world inflation”. The author revises his opinion on the relative weight of special causes vis-a-vis general trends. The main conclusion is that there is a “world inflation” not reducible to the behaviour of any one country. Moreover, there is sufficient uniformity among countries to be able to describe such phenomenon with a particular model, based on Wicksell’s “Interest and Prices”.
Pansharpening of remote sensing images with a matting model

A novel matting model based pansharpening (MMP) method is proposed for creating a fused image of high spatial and spectral resolutions through merging a panchromatic (PAN) image with a multi-spectral (MS) image. Matting model refers to that an MS image can be decomposed into three components, i.e., alpha channel, spectral foreground and background. Through substituting the alpha channel of the MS image with the PAN image, the edge information from the PAN image can be transferred into the MS image without causing spectral distortion. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method by subjective and objective evaluation.
The conformation of dopamine at its uptake site; further studies with rigid analogues

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Are Preferences for Water Quality Different for Second-Home Residents?

The latest trends in tourism indicate the emergence of a new segment of visitors looking for accommodation in private residences. The increase in second-home residents has led to efforts to improve knowledge of the preferences of this new type of tourist in those destinations where their presence is considerable. As one of the key variables affecting the choice of residential tourists is the environmental quality of the area, this paper focuses on testing for the existence of an inverse correlation between the loss of coastal water transparency, viewed as a measure of environmental quality, and beach aesthetics in Santa Ponça Bay, a Mallorcan coastal area containing two urban beach zones of intensive recreational use, where the proportion of second-home residents is high. The results show that the willingness to pay for improvements in water transparency diminishes in a non-linear way when transparency deteriorates, resulting in no statistically significant differences between first- and second-home residents.
Becoming Electronic Parliamentarians? ICT Usage in the Swedish Riksdag

This article, drawing upon a quantitative survey of over 80 parliamentarians, as well as website surveys combined with qualitative interviews, explores the degree of usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by Swedish parliamentarians. It also begins to consider any implications for party organisations and parliamentary authorities. The authors suggest that, by 2005, Swedish MPs were becoming ‘electronic parliamentarians’ and that this, combined with the growing usage of political blogs, places increasing demands upon party organisations and the Riksdag to consider the broader management and accountability issues of greater ICT usage by individual MPs. The authors argue that there is a pressing requirement for further research on these organisational and institutional dimensions by scholars of legislative studies, particularly, given the developments in ICT-advanced political systems, like Sweden.
Temperature Drift Compensation Technique for Substrate Integrated Waveguide Oscillator

In this letter, a temperature drift compensation technique for Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) oscillator is proposed. The drift compensation is achieved with the use of an appropriate ratio between the coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal coefficient of the permittivity. A cavity is first designed and measured to demonstrate the potential of the proposed technique. Measured performances are compared to those for other cavities of different substrates. An oscillator, based on an SIW cavity, is designed and fabricated at 10 GHz to validate the application of the proposed technique. Measured results show a stability of 2 ppm/°C in the temperature operating range of -40 to 80°C.
Sirtuin 1 enzymatic activity is required for cartilage homeostasis in vivo in a mouse model.

OBJECTIVE We and others previously demonstrated that sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) regulates apoptosis and cartilage-specific gene expression in human chondrocytes and mouse models. This study was undertaken to determine if SIRT-1 enzymatic activity plays a protective role in cartilage homeostasis in vivo, by investigating mice with SIRT-1 mutations to characterize their cartilage. METHODS Articular cartilage was harvested from the paws and knees of 5- and 6-month-old wild-type (WT) mice and mice homozygous for SIRT-1tm2.1Mcby (SIRT-1y/y), an allele carrying a point mutation that encodes a SIRT-1 protein with no enzymatic activity (y/y mice). Mice ages 2 days old and 6-7 days old were also examined. Mouse joint cartilage was processed for histologic examination or biochemical analyses of chondrocyte cultures. RESULTS We found that articular cartilage tissue sections from y/y mice of up to 6 months of age contained reduced levels of type II collagen, aggrecan, and glycosaminoglycan compared to sections from WT mice. In contrast, protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8), MMP-9, and MMP-13 were elevated in the cartilage of y/y mice. In addition, chondrocyte apoptosis was elevated in SIRT-1 mutant mice as compared to their WT littermates. Consistent with these observations, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b was elevated in the y/y mice. CONCLUSION Our in vivo findings in this animal model demonstrate that mice with defective SIRT-1 also have defective cartilage, with elevated rates of cartilage degradation with age. Hence, normal cartilage homeostasis requires enzymatically active SIRT-1 protein.
AP2-ERF Transcription Factors Mediate Nod Factor–Dependent Mt ENOD11 Activation in Root Hairs via a Novel cis-Regulatory Motif[W]

Rhizobium Nod factors (NFs) are specific lipochitooligosaccharides that activate host legume signaling pathways essential for initiating the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic association. This study describes the characterization of cis-regulatory elements and trans-interacting factors that regulate NF-dependent and epidermis-specific gene transcription in Medicago truncatula. Detailed analysis of the Mt ENOD11 promoter using deletion, mutation, and gain-of-function constructs has led to the identification of an NF-responsive regulatory unit (the NF box) sufficient to direct NF-elicited expression in root hairs. NF box–mediated expression requires a major GCC-like motif, which is also essential for the binding of root hair–specific nuclear factors. Yeast one-hybrid screening has identified three closely related AP2/ERF transcription factors (ERN1 to ERN3) that are able to bind specifically to the NF box. ERN1 is identical to an ERF-like factor identified recently. Expression analysis has revealed that ERN1 and ERN2 genes are upregulated in root hairs following NF treatment and that this activation requires a functional NFP gene. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana have further shown that nucleus-targeted ERN1 and ERN2 factors activate NF box–containing reporters, whereas ERN3 represses ERN1/ERN2-dependent transcription activation. A model is proposed for the fine-tuning of NF-elicited gene transcription in root hairs involving the interplay between repressor and activator ERN factors.
Målstyrning via policydokument Garanti för rationalitet och effektivitet eller symbolpolitik för meningsskapande

The aim of this thesis is to develop two idealtypes of politics to help serve as instruments in understanding and analysing the view on politics held by top civil servants in the municipality of Lund Sweden. The two ideal types developed here are symbolic sense making politics and rational instrumental politics. These two ideal types were applied to material from a qualitative survey to help bring out clear results and to help with the interpretation of the material The results of the study showed that the two idealtypes could not help to clearly categorize the civil servants views on management by objectives. But while categorizing the top civil servants views the important features of policy documents the ideal types were helpful. By using the ideal types I came to the conclusion that the view on policy documents was mainly characterized by sense making politics. Right now the ideal types developed here are very blunt instruments in need of an update. At the moment they are far from finished analyzing tools
Pharmacological treatment of patients with paraphilic disorders and risk of sexual offending: An international perspective

Abstract Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate existing policy and practice relating to the use of pharmacological treatments with patients suffering from paraphilic disorders who are at risk of committing further sexual offences. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to document current legal policies across 26 different countries. In addition, a questionnaire assessing the practice of pharmacological treatment was sent to practitioners involved in the treatment of patients with paraphilic disorders. Results: Legal policies concerning the preconditions of using pharmacological treatments differ considerably between countries, and for most jurisdictions do not exist. Drawing on the responses of 178 practitioners, pharmacological agents are a useful addition to psychotherapeutic interventions, especially with those patients classified as medium or high risk for sexually violent behaviours. It would appear that most patients are medically examined, are informed of the risks and possible side effects before treatment commences and are also obliged to sign a consent form. Conclusions: Although pharmacological agents can be seen as an intrusion into a patients’ sexual self determination, results indicate that ethical and clinical standards are being met in the majority of cases. However, further promotion of current WFSBP treatment guidelines would help to standardise practice across North American and European countries.
TELEWORD: A NEW WAY OF WORKING AND LIVING

The rapidly developing, wide-ranging phenomenon of telework has redrawn the traditional boundaries of work. Telework is part- or full-time, on- or off-line electronic work performed at home by employees or the self-employed or (increasingly) in central offices, customer sites and satellite centres in various combinations. Advantages stressed by the authors include enterprise flexibility, cost savings, productivity increases, easier recruitment and retention of staff and reduced commuting time. The authors examine the nature, extent and impact of telework on working conditions and work organization and explore the complex legal status of teleworkers, changing attitudess of employers and trade unions and various government initiatives. Call for urgent consideration of the implications of the spread of telework above all to avoid the dangers of reduced social protection.
DEMAND OF COMMODITY GROUPS IN TURKEY

Bu calismada, Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu tarafindan 2002 ve 2011 yillari arasinda hesaplanan Hanehalki Butce Anketleri kullanilmistir. On iki mal grubuna iliskin fiyat ve harcama esneklikleri, yaklasik ideal talep sistemi cercevesinde tahmin edilmistir. Bu mal gruplari gida ve alkolsuz icecekler; alkollu icecekler ve tutun; giyim ve ayakkabi; konut, su, elektrik, gaz ve diger yakitlar; mobilya; ev aletleri ve ev bakim hizmetleri; saglik; ulastirma; iletisim; eglence ve kultur; egitim hizmetleri, restorant, ev yemekleri ve otel; cesitli mal ve hizmetler seklinde siniflandirilmistir. JEL Kodu: D10, D11, D12.
Lifelong Debt: Rates of Return to Mature Study

High rates of return to first degrees have been used to justify increased student financial contributions to higher education. However, no discrete study of rates of return to mature graduates has been carried out although mature graduates now form a significant proportion of the student population. The General Household Survey 1983–1992 was used to examine the earnings of mature graduates compared with those of matriculates. The GHS yielded 616 mature graduate men in full-time work and 296 mature graduate women who were in full-time employment. It was found that the rate of return to mature male graduates was just above one per cent. With recent added costs, new male mature graduates can be forecast to make a sizeable loss on their study. Rates of return to women mature graduates were higher, between five and six per cent, and, based on these figures, the recent increased cost of mature graduate study should be covered by increased earnings. However, these calculations are based on average earnings for the modal age cohort of mature graduates. Those who are older when they complete or earn below the average (a large percentage) will not recoup the costs of study.
Serum levels of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyls and breast cancer in Mexican women

Information on the association between exposure to beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (&bgr;-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs) and the incidence of breast cancer is inconclusive. However, exposure to such compounds is a public health concern in Mexico and is subject to recent regulation. Serum levels of &bgr;-HCH, HCB and PCBs were analysed in 95 histologically confirmed breast cancer cases and 95 hospital controls, 20–79 years of age, from Mexico City, enrolled between March 1994 and April 1996. After adjusting for established risk factors, there was no evidence of a relationship between &bgr;-HCH, HCB and PCBs and breast cancer risk (OR for &bgr;-HCH tertile 3 versus tertile 1: 1.05 95% CI 0.46–2.40; OR for HCB tertile 3 versus tertile 1: 0.46 95% CI 0.20–1.07; OR for PCBs 1.31 95% CI 0.33–5.21 for the high category of exposure). This study lends no support to the case for a role for &bgr;-HCH, HCB or PCBs in breast cancer aetiology.
Why sustainable tourism must address climate change

This opinion piece examines Weaver's thesis that sustainable tourism's current expanding engagement with climate change may not necessarily be conducive to the interests of tourism sustainability. It critically examines and responds to the seven interrelated issues presented by Weaver to support that opinion. This paper dispels some common climate science myths that continue to hamper scientific progress and obfuscate debate over climate change policy responses and specifically refutes recent claims of compromised and inaccurate research findings. It is argued that climate change studies reveal a deficiency in past conceptualizations of sustainable tourism that focused almost exclusively on destination scale issues and highlight the need to properly account for the environmental and social impacts of tourism's travel phase. Addressing climate change is considered a prerequisite to sustainable development and therefore germane to advancing sustainable tourism research. Tourism is currently considered among the economic sectors least prepared for the risks and opportunities posed by climate change and is only now developing the capacity to advance knowledge necessary to inform business, communities and government about the issues and potential ways forward. Any retreat from engagement with climate change issues by the tourism industry or its researchers would be to their substantial detriment.
National Saving-Investment Dynamics and International Capital Mobility

The authors analyze the dynamics of national saving-investment relationships to determine the degree of international capital mobility. Following Coakley and Kulasi (1997), the authors interpret the close relationship between national saving and investment in the long run as reflecting a solvency constraint, rather than as evidence of limited capital mobility (Feldstein and Horioka 1980). As in Jansen (1996, 1998), the authors also examine the short-term saving-investment relationship, especially the speed at which the variables return to the long-run equilibrium relationship once they have deviated from it. The ease with which a country can borrow or lend and run current account imbalances in the short run, before it has to ultimately reverse the transaction at some future date to satisfy the solvency constraint, is interpreted as being positively related to the degree of international capital mobility. Extending the approach by Jansen, the authors apply panel error-correction techniques to data for 20 OECD countries from 1960 to 1999, and find that saving and investment display a long-run relationship that is consistent with the interpretation that a long-run solvency constraint is binding for each country. Furthermore, capital mobility has increased over time.
Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction

Abstract This article summarizes years of challenging research on erectile dysfunction (ED), a condition that has an important social and cultural relevance. Preclinical and clinical research progress has led to new therapeutic approaches to ED in patients with different comorbidities and particularly in those with low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). These goals were possible only by combined work of specialists and researchers of different and intertwined medical disciplines. Currently, tadalafil (5 mg/d) is the best choice; other phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are not included among options, despite the growing evidence of therapeutic effects. Different regimens of tadalafil may be prescribed based on patient needs, severity of LUTS/BPH – ED profile, and clinical experience. An integrated approach is necessary to choose for a combined therapy with PDE5i and α-blockers following urological and cardiac counseling in terms of outcomes and adverse effects.
The Surface Composition and Temperature of Asteroid 21 Lutetia As Observed by Rosetta/VIRTIS

A spacecraft flyby of an asteroid reveals a high-density body that is more like a planetesimal than a rubble pile. The Visible, InfraRed, and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) on Rosetta obtained hyperspectral images, spectral reflectance maps, and temperature maps of the asteroid 21 Lutetia. No absorption features, of either silicates or hydrated minerals, have been detected across the observed area in the spectral range from 0.4 to 3.5 micrometers. The surface temperature reaches a maximum value of 245 kelvin and correlates well with topographic features. The thermal inertia is in the range from 20 to 30 joules meter−2 kelvin−1 second−0.5, comparable to a lunarlike powdery regolith. Spectral signatures of surface alteration, resulting from space weathering, seem to be missing. Lutetia is likely a remnant of the primordial planetesimal population, unaltered by differentiation processes and composed of chondritic materials of enstatitic or carbonaceous origin, dominated by iron-poor minerals that have not suffered aqueous alteration.
Motivating Employees towards Sustainable Behaviour

Workers engaging in voluntary and unrewarded environmental actions that go above and beyond their job requirements in an organizational setting can crucially contribute to a reduced environmental impact of organizations. This research investigates some of the factors that may contribute to the emergence of such organizational citizenship behaviour directed towards the environment (OCBE). The hypotheses predicted employees' concern for the environment, employees' perceived organizational support for environmental efforts and organizational commitment as antecedents of OCBE. Employees from two organizations (n = 547) completed an online survey. Controlling for organizational tenure, a significant relationship between (a) employees' concern for their environment and OCBE, (b) perceived organizational support for environment efforts and OCBE and (c) organizational commitment and OCBE were found. Furthermore, organizational commitment mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support for environmental efforts and OCBE, but not environmental concern. This study's insights into the factors that can drive employees' engagement in small, voluntary environmental actions at work can guide organizations wishing to encourage such behaviours. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Guidelines for Family-Centered Care in the Neonatal, Pediatric, and Adult ICU

Objective: To provide clinicians with evidence-based strategies to optimize the support of the family of critically ill patients in the ICU. Methods: We used the Council of Medical Specialty Societies principles for the development of clinical guidelines as the framework for guideline development. We assembled an international multidisciplinary team of 29 members with expertise in guideline development, evidence analysis, and family-centered care to revise the 2007 Clinical Practice Guidelines for support of the family in the patient-centered ICU. We conducted a scoping review of qualitative research that explored family-centered care in the ICU. Thematic analyses were conducted to support Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome question development. Patients and families validated the importance of interventions and outcomes. We then conducted a systematic review using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations methodology to make recommendations for practice. Recommendations were subjected to electronic voting with pre-established voting thresholds. No industry funding was associated with the guideline development. Results: The scoping review yielded 683 qualitative studies; 228 were used for thematic analysis and Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome question development. The systematic review search yielded 4,158 reports after deduplication and 76 additional studies were added from alerts and hand searches; 238 studies met inclusion criteria. We made 23 recommendations from moderate, low, and very low level of evidence on the topics of: communication with family members, family presence, family support, consultations and ICU team members, and operational and environmental issues. We provide recommendations for future research and work-tools to support translation of the recommendations into practice. Conclusions: These guidelines identify the evidence base for best practices for family-centered care in the ICU. All recommendations were weak, highlighting the relative nascency of this field of research and the importance of future research to identify the most effective interventions to improve this important aspect of ICU care.