Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ORF73-Null Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Reveals Roles for mLANA and p53 in Virus Replication

ABSTRACT Gammaherpesviruses establish lifelong, latent infections in host lymphocytes, during which a limited subset of viral gene products facilitates maintenance of the viral episome. Among the gamma-2-herpesvirus (rhadinovirus) subfamily, this includes expression of the conserved ORF73-encoded LANA proteins. We previously demonstrated by loss-of-function mutagenesis that the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) ORF73 gene product, mLANA, is required for the establishment of latency following intranasal inoculation of mice (N. J. Moorman, D. O. Willer, and S. H. Speck, J. Virol. 77:10295-10303, 2003). mLANA-deficient viruses also exhibited a defect in acute virus replication in the lungs of infected mice. The latter observation led us to examine the role of mLANA in productive viral replication. We assessed the capacity of mLANA-deficient virus (73.Stop) to replicate in cell culture at low multiplicities of infection (MOIs) and found that 73.Stop growth was impaired in murine fibroblasts but not in Vero cells. A recombinant virus expressing an mLANA-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion revealed that mLANA is expressed throughout the virus replication cycle. In addition, 73.Stop infection of murine fibroblasts at high MOIs was substantially more cytotoxic than infection with a genetically repaired marker rescue virus (73.MR), a phenotype that correlated with enhanced kinetics of viral gene expression and increased activation of p53. Notably, augmented cell death, viral gene expression, and p53 induction were independent of viral DNA replication. Expression of a mLANA-GFP fusion protein in fibroblasts correlated with both reduced p53 stabilization and reduced cell death following treatment with p53-inducing agonists. In agreement, accentuated cell death associated with 73.Stop infection was reduced in p53-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts. Additionally, replication of 73.Stop in p53-deficient cells was restored to levels comparable to those of 73.MR. More remarkably, the absence of p53 led to an overall delay in replication for both 73.Stop and 73.MR viruses, which correlated with delayed viral gene expression, indicating a role for p53 in MHV68 replication. Consistent with these findings, the expression of replication-promoting viral genes was positively influenced by p53 overexpression or treatment with the p53 agonist etoposide. Overall, these data demonstrate the importance of mLANA in MHV68 replication and suggest that LANA proteins limit the induction of cellular stress responses to regulate the viral gene expression cascade and limit host cell injury.
"I wish I had seen this test result earlier!": Dissatisfaction with test result management systems in primary care.

BACKGROUND Failure to review and follow up on outpatient test results in a timely manner represents a patient safety and malpractice concern. Therefore, we sought to identify problems in current test result management systems and possible ways to improve these systems. METHODS We surveyed 262 physicians working in 15 internal medicine practices affiliated with 2 large urban teaching hospitals (response rate, 64%). We asked physicians about systems they used and the amount of time they spent managing test results. We asked them to report delays in reviewing test results and their overall satisfaction with their management of test results. We also asked physicians to rate features they would find useful in a new test result management system. RESULTS Overall, 83% of respondents reported at least 1 delay in reviewing test results during the previous 2 months. Despite reporting that they spent on average 74 minutes per clinical day managing test results, only 41% of physicians reported being satisfied with how they managed test results. Satisfaction was associated with fewer self-reported delays in reviewing test results. Physicians who actively tracked their test orders to completion were also more likely to be satisfied. The most highly desired features of a test result management system were tools to help physicians generate result letters to patients, prioritize their workflow, and track test orders to completion. CONCLUSIONS Delays in test result review are common, and many physicians are not satisfied with how they manage test results. Tools to improve test result management in office practices need to improve workflow efficiency and track test orders to completion.
Effects of sleep deprivation on sleep in 5- and 8-day post-hatching domestic chicks

Summary The pattern of sleep was studied in chicks (Gallus gallus) following sleep deprivation (SD). Chicks of days 5 and 8 post-hatching were divided into three groups: non-deprived (N-SD), deprived 4 h (SD-4H) and deprived 8 h (SD-8H). Binocular (Bin-sleep) and monocular sleep (Mo-Un sleep) were recorded for 6 h after SD which was performed by enforced locomotion. Bin-sleep was higher in sleep-deprived than non-deprived chicks and was higher after 8 h than after 4 h of SD. In 5-day-old chicks, time spent in Mo-Un sleep during recovery did not change after 4 h; rather, it decreased after 8 h of SD. In 8-day-old chicks, after 4 h SD there was an increase of time spent in Mo-Un sleep whilst 8 h SD caused no effect. N-SD chicks of day 5 showed more right Mo-Un sleep whilst in 8-day chicks there was more left Mo-Un sleep. On the other hand, no significant bias for the time spent in right or left Mo-Un sleep was observed in sleep-deprived chicks. In conclusion, the rebound effect during recovery appears to be equally distributed in both hemispheres and the suggested role of Mo-Un sleep in vigilance and in the control of environment equally shared by both hemispheres.
In Our Hands: Community Accountability as Pedagogical Strategy

through a Master's in Ethnic Studies. I met Clarissa Rojas and quickly adopted her as my mentor, friend, colleague, and thesis-writing guide. Clarissa encouraged me to write with the intention of honoring my antiviolence political commitments. Her mentorship helped me to form, question, and reshape my relationship to and within the antiviolence community. When the spring semester approached and Clarissa offered me the opportunity to co-teach a class on the experiences of Latinas with state and interpersonal violence, I was honored and excited about what we could teach and learn together in a class that asked students to imagine building and living in a world without violence. The story that follows changed us and our students. It changed us as students, teachers, community members, survivors, anti violence activists, and friends. It forced us to rethink our views on community accountability, responding to violence , and how to learn and grow through a transformative experience. It taught us all about patience, respect, listening, and transforming anger and shock into action and solutions. It was real, messy, and difficult- but well worth it.
Baseline Factors Associated With Glycemic Control and Weight Loss When Exenatide Twice Daily Is Added to Optimized Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To determine variables associated with glycemic and body weight responses when adding exenatide to basal insulin–treated type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Exploratory subgroup analyses based on baseline A1C, disease duration, and BMI of a 30-week study comparing exenatide twice daily to placebo, added to optimized insulin glargine (intent-to-treat analysis: 137 exenatide; 122 placebo). RESULTS Exenatide participants had greater A1C reductions compared with optimized insulin glargine alone, irrespective of baseline A1C (P < 0.001). Exenatide participants with longer diabetes duration and those with lower BMI had greater A1C reductions (P < 0.01). Exenatide participants lost more weight, regardless of baseline A1C or BMI (P < 0.05). Exenatide participants with longer diabetes duration lost the most weight (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Exenatide added to optimized basal insulin was associated with improved glycemic control and weight loss, irrespective of baseline A1C, diabetes duration, and BMI. Changes were evident in modestly obese patients and in those with longer diabetes duration.
The Heuristic Evaluation of Web-Sites Concerning the Evaluators' Expertise and the Appropriate Criteria List

Research for the evaluation of web-sites has already begun, however it is proceeding at a very slow rate. The main reasons for this are, in our opinion, the attempt to adapt existing methodologies to the particularities of the web, the individual s tructure of web-sites and the issue of finding the appropriate evaluators. This study copes exactly with these points and suggests a heuristic approach for the evaluation of web-sites. In our study we tried primarily to train the evaluators in the particularities of the heuristic evalu- ation; in its classic form as well as in its web-adapted form. By doing this we try to answer the core question if we can augment the evaluators' expertise with a kind of training prior to the conduction of the evaluation itself. Next we used web-adapted heuristics, found in relative literature and tried to clarify them to the evaluators as well. Finally the evaluators were involved in a real evaluation of five web sites and they wrote down their comments on appropriately prepared questionnaires. The results from this study confirm firstly two known conclusions, that the method is applicable to the Web and that the prior evaluators' expertise is of great importance. Yet, in addition to these, we concluded that it is possible to augment, under conditions, this expertise in a short way so they have an increased performance during the evaluation as well. Our main conclusion is, however, that the used heuristic list performed inadequately, but we noted the trend of the evaluators following a somewhat similar mode of thinking, thus providing us with the way to adapt these heuristics in a more holistic approach to the web.
Symbiont-mediated functions in insect hosts

The bacterial endosymbionts occur in a diverse array of insect species and are usually rely within the vertical transmission from mothers to offspring. In addition to primary symbionts, plant sap-sucking insects may also harbor several diverse secondary symbionts. Bacterial symbionts play a prominent role in insect nutritional ecology by aiding in digestion of food or supplementing nutrients that insect hosts can’t obtain sufficient amounts from a restricted diet of plant phloem. Currently, several other ecologically relevant traits mediated by endosymbionts are being investigated, including defense toward pathogens and parasites, adaption to environment, influences on insect-plant interactions, and impact of population dynamics. Here, we review recent theoretical predictions and experimental observations of these traits mediated by endosymbionts and suggest that clarifying the roles of symbiotic microbes may be important to offer insights for ameliorating pest invasiveness or impact.
Study of spectrum usage in urban areas of Bogota Colombia

This paper describes the methodology used and the results found in a spectrum measurement campaign, held in the city of Bogotá in Colombia, it took place during seventeen months, from March 2012 to July 2013, these data were collected from different frequency bands in order to evaluate the performance for different services, it was concluded that there is under-utilization of this resource, given the current fixed allocation scheme and reveals the need to implement dynamic spectrum access technologies as cognitive radio.
Preclinical Evidence That Trametinib Enhances the Response to Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Sunitinib and pazopanib are antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the ability of these drugs to extend progression-free and overall survival in this patient population is limited by drug resistance. It is possible that treatment outcomes in RCC patients could be improved by rationally combining TKIs with other agents. Here, we address whether inhibition of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway is a rational means to improve the response to TKIs in RCC. Using a xenograft model of RCC, we found that tumors that are resistant to sunitinib have a significantly increased angiogenic response compared with tumors that are sensitive to sunitinib in vivo. We also observed significantly increased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in the vasculature of resistant tumors, when compared with sensitive tumors. These data suggested that the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway, an important driver of angiogenesis in endothelial cells, remains active in the vasculature of TKI-resistant tumors. Using an in vitro angiogenesis assay, we identified that the MEK inhibitor (MEKI) trametinib has potent antiangiogenic activity. We then show that, when trametinib is combined with a TKI in vivo, more effective suppression of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis is achieved than when either drug is utilized alone. In conclusion, we provide preclinical evidence that combining a TKI, such as sunitinib or pazopanib, with a MEKI, such as trametinib, is a rational and efficacious treatment regimen for RCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(1); 172–83. ©2015 AACR.
Acute respiratory tract infections and mannose-binding lectin insufficiency during early childhood.

CONTEXT Hospital-based studies have found that increased susceptibility to certain infections is associated with low serum levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) due to MBL variant alleles. However, the contribution of MBL insufficiency to incidence of common childhood infections at a population level is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of MBL insufficiency on risk for acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in unselected children younger than 2 years. DESIGN AND SETTING Population-based, prospective, cohort study conducted in Sisimiut, Greenland. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred fifty-two children younger than 2 years who were followed up weekly between August 1996 and August 1998 for morbidity surveillance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of ARI, based on medical history and clinical examination, compared by MBL genotype, determined from blood samples based on presence of structural and promoter alleles. RESULTS A 2.08-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-3.06) increased relative risk (RR) of ARI was found in MBL-insufficient children (n = 13) compared with MBL-sufficient children (n = 239; P<.001). The risk association was largely restricted to children aged 6 to 17 months (RR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.78-4.79) while less effect (RR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.45-4.82) and no effect (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.42-2.37) was shown among children aged 0 to 5 months and 18 to 23 months, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that genetic factors such as MBL insufficiency play an important role in host defense, particularly during the vulnerable period of childhood from age 6 through 17 months, when the adaptive immune system is immature.
Vers un modele general de la specialisation hemispherique : a la recherche de l'origine des differences hemispheriques

The models of hemispheric specialization most often encountered in the litterature involve an opposition of verbal visuospatial stimulus material processed differently by each cerebral hemisphere and the hypothesis of differential information processing in each hemisphere. Any of these models can explain all the differences observed between the hemispheres. An alternative approach, in which cerebral asymmetry is examined from the standpoint of differential sensitivity to bandwidths of spatial frequencies, constitute the principal theme of this thesis. It can account for the influences of methodological factors (such as viewing conditions ; the nature and difficulty of the task ; and the kinds of stimulus material including their familiarity and discriminability). Left hemisphere processing seems to be adapted for handling precise, local, and focal information, whereas the right hemisphere specialises in the processing of global, les precise, and contextual information. Anatomical and physiological evidences support this hypothesis. Experiments are reported that confirm the validity of this approach and extend the work to include observations on the importance of subjects' strategies.
Cyber-bullismo e cyber-vittimizzazione in Italia: aspetti epidemiologici ed evolutivi

Cyber-bullying is the use of the information and communication technologies to harm or harass other people, in a deliberate and repeated manner. However, investigators have yet to reach aconsensus on how to define this problem: so, it is not surprising that rates of cyber bullying show considerable variability. In secondary school the prevalence ranges from 10% to 20%. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of bullying, cyber-bullying and victimization among boys and girls and by age in Italy. Cross-sectional self-report surveys including items on cyber victimization were obtained from representative samples of 11-14 year students (N = 2079). The present study found that 6% of student was victimized in virtual worlds; also, high correlationswere found between physical and virtual aggressive behavior.
PINK1 Deficiency Enhances Inflammatory Cytokine Release from Acutely Prepared Brain Slices

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative motor disease caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Because brain inflammation has been considered a risk factor for PD, we analyzed whether PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), an autosomal recessive familial PD gene, regulates brain inflammation during injury states. Using acutely prepared cortical slices to mimic injury, we analyzed expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 at the mRNA and protein levels. Both mRNA and protein expression of these cytokines was higher at 6-24 h after slicing in PINK1 knockout (KO) slices compared to that in wild-type (WT) slices. In serial experiments to understand the signaling pathways that increase inflammatory responses in KO slices, we found that IκB degradation was enhanced but Akt phosphorylation decreased in KO slices compared to those in WT slices. In further experiments, an inhibitor of PI3K (LY294002) upstream of Akt increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results suggest that PINK1 deficiency enhance brain inflammation through reduced Akt activation and enhanced IκB degradation in response to brain injury.
Religiosity And Gender Identity Of Female Adolescents. Narrative Religious Identity Of Young Catholic Women

This chapter briefly presents the concept of 'gender' and its reception within theological study and sketches the current stand of research in respect to the topic "Gender and Religion" within practical theology. It then presents a qualitative empirical study that focuses on connections between biography, gender and religiosity of young women aged between 16 and 25. Using the autobiographical interviews, the chapter also analyzes how young women describe their gender identity and which conclusions can be drawn from the construction of gender based on their life stories. The influence of the church and its socializing instances on religious and gender development is decreasing. Despite recognizing gender-specific differences in dealing with male and female adolescents in church, personal relevance is denied: "A friend of mine had such an experience, I didn't". It is conspicuous that the interviewees rather criticize the church's dealing with money than the women's role in church.Keywords: church; female adolescents; gender development; gender identity; practical theology; religiosity; young catholic women
Logic Programming: From Underspecification to Undefinedness

The semantics of logic programs was originally described in terms of two-valued logic. Soon, however, it was realised that three-valued logic had some natural advantages, as it provides distinct values not only for truth and falsehood, but also for "undefined". The three-valued semantics proposed by Fitting and by Kunen are closely related to what is computed by a logic program, the third truth value being associated with non-termination. A different three-valued semantics, proposed by Naish, shared much with those of Fitting and Kunen but incorporated allowances for programmer intent, the third truth value being associated with underspecification. Naish used an (apparently) novel "arrow" operator to relate the intended meaning of left and right sides of predicate definitions. In this paper we suggest that the additional truth values of Fitting/Kunen and Naish are best viewed as duals. We use Fitting's later four-valued approach to unify the two three-valued approaches. The additional truth value has very little affect on the Fitting three-valued semantics, though it can be useful when finding approximations to this semantics for program analysis. For the Naish semantics, the extra truth value allows intended interpretations to be more expressive, allowing us to verify and debug a larger class of programs. We also explain that the "arrow" operator of Naish (and our four-valued extension) is essentially the information ordering. This sheds new light on the relationships between specifications and programs, and successive executions states of a program.
Type IIB orientifolds with NS-NS antisymmetric tensor backgrounds

We consider six dimensional N=1 space-time supersymmetric type IIB orientifolds with a nonzero untwisted NS-NS sector B field. The B field is quantized due to the requirement that the type IIB spectrum be left-right symmetric. The presence of the B field results in rank reduction of both 99 and 55 open string sector gauge groups. We point out that in some of the models with a nonzero B field there are extra tensor multiplets in the {bold Z}{sub 2} twisted closed string sector, and we explain their origin in a simple example. Also, the 59 open string sector states come with a multiplicity that depends on the B field. These two facts are in accord with anomaly cancellation requirements. We point out relations between various orientifolds with and without the B field, and also discuss the F-theory duals of these models. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
The Swedish Twin Registry: a unique resource for clinical, epidemiological and genetic studies

Abstract. Lichtenstein P, de Faire U, Floderus B, Svartengren M, Svedberg P, Pedersen NL (Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Hospital; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, National Institute for Working life, Stockholm, Sweden; and University of Southern California, CA, USA) The Swedish Twin Registry: a unique resource for clinical, epidemiological and genetic studies (Review). J Intern Med 2002; 252: 184–205.
Mechanical characterization of nanowires by planar vibration sensor

Nanowires have attracted considerable interest as the nanoscale interconnects and as the moving elements of both electronic and electromechanical devices. The evaluation of nanomechanical property plays a significant role in the development of new nanowire-based devices. Recently, we are engaged in developing an easy method for nanomechanical measurement by using an in-plane-mode piezoresistive vibration sensor fabricated with less process cost and package difficulties. Theoretical analysis and simulation results suggested that the device is capable of high-sensitive and variety, and it is expected to evaluate mechanical properties of metallic or metallic oxide nanowires.