Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cumulative estimated values of structural network's reliability indices and their usage

Tasks of obtaining and usage of exact cumulative expected values of some indecies of a network's structural reliability, such as k-terminal probabilistic connectivity, average pairwise connectivity and expected size of a subnetwork that contains some special node are considered in the paper. Random non-oriented random graph with reliable nodes and unreliable edges that fails independently is used as a model of a network. At the same time the proposed approach can be used in the case of unreliable nodes also. The factoring method, exhaustive search, methods of reduction and decomposition are used as a base. Expected values are used for unambiguous decision making about network's reliability, designing evolutionary algorithms for structural optimization and obtaining approximate expected values that are more precious than cumulative ones obtained to the moment.
Perceptions of breast cancer risk and screening effectiveness in women younger than 50 years of age.

BACKGROUND The National Cancer Institute has recently changed its approach and has substituted summary-of-evidence statements for specific recommendations for breast cancer screening in women 40-50 years of age, leaving these women with a greater share of decision-making responsibility. To make an informed decision about breast cancer screening, women need accurate information about their breast cancer risk and the benefit of screening. Although it has been suggested that women younger than 50 years of age overestimate this risk and benefit, their estimates have not been quantified. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine how women 40-50 years of age perceive their risk of breast cancer and the effectiveness of screening and how these perceptions compare with estimates derived from epidemiologic studies of breast cancer incidence and randomized clinical trials of screening. METHODS We mailed a questionnaire to 200 women, identified through the computerized medical records of Dartmouth-Hitchock Medical Center, who were between 40 and 50 years of age and had no history of breast cancer. Each woman was asked about her risk factors for breast cancer and asked to estimate her probabilities of developing breast cancer and dying of it within 10 years, with and without screening. The women's answers were compared with individual probabilities derived from the Gail et al. model, age-specific probabilities of developing and dying of breast cancer in the United States, and the results of randomized clinical trials of screening. RESULTS The mailed questionnaire was completed and returned by 145 (73%) of the 200 women. Respondents over-estimated their probability of dying of breast cancer within 10 years by more than 20-fold (median, 22.3; interquartile range, 11.1-74.2). Assuming a 10% relative risk reduction from screening, respondents overestimated the relative risk reduction by sixfold (median, 6.0; interquartile range, 5.0-7.5) and the absolute risk reduction more than 100-fold (median, 127.5; interquartile range, 47.1-399.6). The median perceived estimate of absolute risk reduction was 6.0 breast cancer deaths per 100 women; the median calculated estimate was only 0.04 per 100 women. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that many women younger than 50 years of age substantially overestimate their breast cancer risk and the effectiveness of screening. IMPLICATIONS A balanced presentation of information about breast cancer risk and screening effectiveness may improve decision making for women younger than 50 years of age and reduce their anxiety about breast cancer, regardless of whether they choose to be screened.
Improving links between literature and biological data with text mining: a case study with GEO, PDB and MEDLINE

High-throughput experiments and bioinformatics techniques are creating an exploding volume of data that are becoming overwhelming to keep track of for biologists and researchers who need to access, analyze and process existing data. Much of the available data are being deposited in specialized databases, such as the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for microarrays or the Protein Data Bank (PDB) for protein structures and coordinates. Data sets are also being described by their authors in publications archived in literature databases such as MEDLINE and PubMed Central. Currently, the curation of links between biological databases and the literature mainly relies on manual labour, which makes it a time-consuming and daunting task. Herein, we analysed the current state of link curation between GEO, PDB and MEDLINE. We found that the link curation is heterogeneous depending on the sources and databases involved, and that overlap between sources is low, <50% for PDB and GEO. Furthermore, we showed that text-mining tools can automatically provide valuable evidence to help curators broaden the scope of articles and database entries that they review. As a result, we made recommendations to improve the coverage of curated links, as well as the consistency of information available from different databases while maintaining high-quality curation. Database URLs: http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/PubMed, http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/geo/, http://www.rcsb. org/pdb/
Centre-based clustering for Y-Short Tandem Repeats (Y-STR) as numerical and categorical data

Centre-based clustering is among the most applicable method for partitioning objects into homogenous groups. This paper presents two Centre-based clustering; K-Means and K-Modes algorithms to investigate and evaluate the clustering results of Y-STR data. The main goal of this paper is to compare the accuracy of clustering Y-STR results for different types of data: numerical and categorical data. The results show that the Y-STR data is more favour to categorical data. The accuracy of the Y-STR, treated as categorical data is 49%, whereas the numerical data is only a 26% chance producing a good clustering result. However, the amount of time taken by numerical data is much better compared to categorical data.
Harnessing multiple technologies to combat deforestation – A case study in the Alto
 Mayo Protected Forest in San Martin, Peru

The authors developed a pilot forest monitoring system in the Alto Mayo Protected Forest, a critically important ecosystem that provides freshwater ecosystem services, habitat for endemic species and forest carbon storage for climate mitigation in San Martin, Peru. The novel forest monitoring system aims at combating deforestation within the protected area, and integrates three components: satellite imagery, acoustic sensors and drones. Setting up a technology-enabled monitoring system in remote regions presents unique challenges, and we highlight the importance of capacity building and local engagement, as well as the need to plan for flexibility to solve technical challenges.
A formal approach for testing security rules

Nowadays, security policies are the key point of every modern infrastructure. The specification and the testing of such policies are the fundamental steps in the development of a secure system since any error in a set of rules is likely to harm the global security. To address both challenges, we propose a framework to specify security policies and test their implementation on a system. Our framework makes it possible to generate in an automatic manner, test sequences, in order to validate the conformance of a security policy. system behavior is specified using a formal description technique based on extended finite state machine (EFSM) [12]. The integration of security rules within the system specification is performed by specific algorithms. Then, the automatic tests generation is performed using a dedicated tool, called SIRIUS, developed in our laboratory. Finally, we briefly present a weblog system as a case study to demonstrate the reliability of our framework.
Problematic severe asthma in children treated at high altitude: tapering the dose while improving control

Abstract Background: Multidisciplinary treatment at high altitude is a possible treatment option for problematic severe asthma (PSA) in children. This management can result in the tapering of inhaled corticosteroids. Aim: Our aim was to analyze the effect of multidisciplinary treatment at high altitude, notably the ability to taper corticosteroids. To get an insight into possible factors influencing tapering, we examined whether demographic variables, disease control and quality of life at treatment entrance could predict the tapering of corticosteroids. Methods: This prospective open-phase cohort study analyzed the data of 43 children aged 8–17 years referred to a specialized high altitude treatment centre. Lung function (FEV1, FEV1/VC), inflammation (FeNO), medication level, asthma control (ACT) and quality of life [PAQLQ(S)] were evaluated on admission and at discharge. Results: Thirty-two (74%) children fulfilled PSA criteria. Three (7%) children used daily oral steroids. After 72 ± 30 (mean ± SD) days of treatment, the mean dosage of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) could be significantly reduced from 1315 μg ± 666 budesonide equivalent to 1132 μg ± 514. Oral steroid maintenance therapy could be stopped in all patients. FeNO, asthma control and quality of life improved (p < 0.001) from admission to discharge; FEV1 was in the normal range on both occasions. Apart from ICS levels at entrance, multiple regression analyses did not show any associated factor predicting the reduction of ICS dosage during treatment. Conclusion: The results indicate that high altitude treatment may be a treatment option for children with PSA, but it is not possible to predict ICS tapering off from health status variables at treatment entrance.
How Predictable Are You? A Comparison of Prediction Algorithms for Web Page Revisitation

Users return to Web pages for various reasons. Apart from pages visited due to backtracking, users typically monitor a number of favorite pages, while dealing with tasks that reoccur on an infrequent basis. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for predicting the next revisited page in a certain user context that, unlike existing me-thods, doesn’t rely on machine learning algorithms. We evaluate it over a large data set comprising the navigational activity of 25 users over a period of 6 months. The outcomes suggest a significant improvement over methods typically used in this context, thus paving the way for exploring new means of improving user’s navigational support.
Transformations of Clay Minerals in the Triassic Sedimentary Basin of Jura ( Lucas and Brenner , 1961 )

The following recent work is reviewed. In the Triassic basin of the Jura detrital illite changes into chlorite (chlorite and chloritic mixed layers) toward the middle of the basin. In the profiles of podzolie soils and podzols, illitc and chlorite change, through ill i tevermiculite and chlorite-vermiculite stages, into vermiculite. In Cambrian sandstones of the Sahara two successive diagcnetic changes have taken place: early postdepositional kaolinization, and illitization by salt waters. Neoformation of aluminomagnesian clays in the alkaline sediments of the Eocene basins in Africa produces a sedimentary and geochemical sequence of montmorillonite, attapulgite and sepiolite. When siliceous neoformation is produced by crystal growth, the growth is regular in the production of quartz, and irregular or hindered in the formation of chalcedony or opal-cristobalitc. Kaolinite has been synthesized at low temperatures in dilute solutions. Transformations of triphormic clay minerals in the hydrosphere consist of a progressive expansion of layers. Environment controls the equilibrium between interlayer cations and adjacent layers. Siliceous and argillaceous neoformation consists of organization of silica tetrahedrons; this organization depends on the environment and especially on the environmental cations. Transformation by diagenesis is more intense and allows direct passage from illite to kaolinite. S T U D I E S O F T R A N S F O R M A T I O N S Transformations of Clay Minerals in the Triassic Sedimentary Basin of Jura (Lucas and Brenner, 1961) Triass ic f o r m a t i o n s o f t h e F r e n c h J u r a a re o f t h e G e r m a n Tr i a s t ype . T h r e e p r inc ipa l levels m a y be d i s t i n g u i s h e d : (1) T h e lowes t level , t h e B u n t sands te in , is chief ly g r i t t y a n d n o t c lear ly d i s t i ngu i shab le f r o m the P e r m i a n . B u n d s a n d s t e i n a n d P e r m i a n rocks a re c o m b i n e d in t h e t e r m "Permo-Trias " . (2) T h e i n t e r m e d i a t e leve l , t h e Musche lka lk , consis ts of l imes tones , do lomi te s , c lays, a n d c o m m o n l y evapor i t e s . (3) T h e h ighes t level , t h e K e u p e r , consis ts e s sen t i a l ly of c lays a n d evapor i t e s .
Kidney transplantation from related and unrelated living donors in a single German centre.

BACKGROUND Organ transplantation began in 1954 with living related donation (LRD). Because of organ shortage from cadavers, unrelated kidney donation (LURD) has been proposed and shown to have good results despite complete HLA mismatching. This study aims to look at differences and similarities comparing LRD and LURD performed in our centre since the implementation of the German transplant law in 1997. METHODS Between January 1997 and July 2001, 62 out of 112 potential living donors and their recipients were accepted. Immunosuppression consisted of triple therapy (steroids, cyclosporin, mycophenolate) in patients with three or fewer mismatches, or quadruple therapy including mono- or polyclonal antibody treatment in patients with four or more mismatches or cytotoxic antibodies. LRD and LURD groups were compared for number and type of rejections, complications and kidney function at the end of observation (median 15.5 months, range 1-50 months). RESULTS Out of 112 pairs presenting, transplantation was performed in only 62 cases (55.4%). Reasons to deny transplantation were medical problems of the potential donors in 19, psychological problems in 13, recipient problems in seven and other reasons in 11 pairs. In 38 cases LRD transplantation and in 24 cases LURD transplantation was carried out. Recipient age was significantly lower in the LRD group (37.7+/-12.1 years) compared with the LURD group (53.6+/-7.8 years). Mean donor age was 49.7+/-9.2 years in the LRD group and 50.3+/-9.1 years in the LURD group (ns). The number of mismatches was lower in LRD (2.1+/-1) than in LURD (4.4+/-0.9) (P=0.001) transplantation. The acute rejection rate was similar in both groups (52.2 vs 54.2%). OKT3 and tacrolimus rescue therapy for more severe rejections was more often applied in the LRD group but the difference did not reach the level of significance. There were more infectious complications in LURD transplantation (66.7 vs 36.4%, P=0.036) and a trend towards more surgical complications in LRD transplantation (28.9 vs 8.3%, P=0.062). One graft was lost due to transplant artery thrombosis and one recipient died 4 months after transplantation subsequent to cerebral ischaemia. Both patients belonged to the LRD group. Creatinine values at the end of observation time were 1.76+/-0.6 mg/dl in the LRD group and 1.62+/-0.5 mg/dl in the LURD group (ns). CONCLUSION Although kidney transplantation from unrelated donors was performed with a lower HLA match and although the recipients were older, the results are equivalent to living related transplantation. Therefore, kidney transplantation from emotionally related living donors represents a valuable option for patients with end-stage renal disease. Careful selection of donors and recipients is a prerequisite of success.
Changes in metabolic parameters with switching to aripiprazole from another second-generation antipsychotic: a retrospective chart review.

OBJECTIVE This is a retrospective chart review of psychiatric outpatients switched to aripiprazole from another second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) examining whether metabolic parameters improved after the switch. METHOD Twenty-four psychiatric outpatients who had been switched to aripiprazole from another SGA were evaluated. Data were collected from October 6, 2004, until February 25, 2005, through review of medical records. Laboratory values and physical data were extracted to assess levels of fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and weight. RESULTS After switching to aripiprazole, total cholesterol was significantly decreased, with a mean (SD) difference of -28.8 (32.1) mg/dL (p = .001), and LDL was significantly decreased, with a mean (SD) difference of -20.75 (21.7) mg/dL (p = .0017). Weight was also significantly decreased, with a mean (SD) difference of -11.7 (16.6) lb (p = .003). There were no significant differences in HDL, triglycerides, or fasting blood glucose. When a subgroup of 15 patients switched from olanzapine to aripiprazole was examined separately, these changes were even more robust. In this subgroup, total cholesterol was significantly decreased, with a mean (SD) difference of -32.0 (35.6) mg/dL (p = .01). LDL was significantly decreased, with a mean (SD) difference of -21.6 (24.7) mg/dL (p = .011), and weight was significantly decreased, with a mean (SD) difference of -16.7 (14.7) lb (p < .001). Changes in total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL were not significantly different between subjects taking lipid-lowering medications and those not taking them. CONCLUSION Psychiatric outpatients switched to aripiprazole from another SGA showed a decrease in weight, total cholesterol, and LDL. Switching to aripiprazole, when clinically indicated, may lead to improvement in metabolic parameters associated with cardiovascular disease.
Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection in the Critically Ill Trauma Patient

Blood stream infections in the critically ill are a common cause of morbidity. Strict adherence to sterile technique can reduce central line-associated blood stream infections (CLBSIs) and has become a quality improvement measure. We did a retrospective review of 6,014 trauma admissions representing 10,370 catheter days. CLBSI was defined as a positive blood culture with central venous access without evidence of other infectious sources. Thirty-five CLBSIs were identified in the study period (3.26/1,000 line days). The average Injury Severity Score was 32, the average intensive care unit stay was 24 days, and the average overall length of stay was 34 days, which is higher than that of nonCLBSI patients. In 25/35 cases, there was a break in sterile technique during central venous catheter placement (71%). Of the 25 cases, 16 of them were performed in the intensive care unit (64%), five in the operating room (20%), and four in the emergency department (16%). Twenty of the 35 patients with CLBSI (57%) had a total of 24 infections, a 2-fold increase in infectious complications for a given Injury Severity Score. Seventeen (17) of the 25 “dirty” central lines (68%) were changed within 24 hours in an effort to reduce the risk of CLBSI without success. A large percentage of CLBSI can be traced to the initial placement of a central venous line under less than ideal sterile technique. Changing a line within 24 hours may not be sufficient to reduce the risk of CLBSI. Every effort should be made to adhere to proper sterile technique while placing central venous catheter.
A Dual-View Visualization of In-Car Communication Processes

With the increasing complexity of in-car communication architectures, their diagnostics have become essential for automotive development and maintenance. In order to help engineers to detect and analyze the potential sources and consequences of errors, it is crucial to provide both comprehensive and detailed insight into the communication processes and their contexts. Two important aspects of these are the dependencies and correlations between onboard functions. In this paper we present a dual-view visualization for exploring the functional dependency chains of in-car communication processes. One view presents the dependencies of hardware components using a space filling approach similar to a treemap, whereas the other view displays the functional correlations as an interactive sequence chart. The views are coupled via color coding and show the dependencies of an interactively selectable functional unit. In an expert evaluation, we assessed the benefits of using this visualization technique for in-car communication diagnostics with very positive results.
Erythrocyte membrane lipid alteration in type 2 Diabetic subjects

The lipid components present in biological membranes including erythrocyte membrane are significant in regulation of the membrane fluidity as well as transport across the membranes. The conflicting results of either increase or decrease or no change have been reported in erythrocyte membrane fluidity in type 2 diabetic subjects. The diabetes induced dyslipidemia possibly lead to an alteration in erythrocyte membrane lipid composition. Hence a study was undertaken to assess erythrocyte membrane lipid alterations in type 2 diabetic subjects. The blood samples from randomly selected type 2 diabetic subjects, attending Medical OPD of Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital, Chitradurga, were collected with heparin as an anticoagulant. Erythrocyte membrane total cholesterol (mTC), Erythrocyte membrane phospholipids (mPL), Erythrocyte membrane phosphatidyl choline, Erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin and Erythrocyte membrane phospholipids/ Erythrocyte membrane cholesterol ratio were studied. The results suggests a significant rise in erythrocyte membrane cholesterol (mTC, N=1.25±0.31, T2DM= 1.54± 0.14, p grearter than 0.001), erythrocyte membrane phospholipid contents (mPL, N=6.99±1.84, T2DM=23.44±10.31, p less than 0.001), Erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin, (N=9.28± 1.37, T2DM=19.32± 2.37), Erythrocyte membrane phosphatidyl choline (N=27.08± 1.58, T2DM=26.09±3.04, p less than 0.001), as well as phospholipid/cholesterol ratio (mPL/mTC, N=6.08±2.65, T2DM=11.76±5.31, p less than 0.001.) in type 2 diabetic subjects was observed. Though, there is a significant alteration seen between normal and diabetic groups, but there was no significant change was observed between male and female subjects of both normal as well as diabetic groups.
Sub-diffraction thin-film sensing with planar terahertz metamaterials.

Planar metamaterials consisting of subwavelength resonators have been recently proposed for thin dielectric film sensing in the terahertz frequency range. Although the thickness of the dielectric film can be very small compared with the wavelength, the required area of sensed material is still determined by the diffraction-limited spot size of the terahertz beam excitation. In this article, terahertz near-field sensing is utilized to reduce the spot size. By positioning the metamaterial sensing platform close to the sub-diffraction terahertz source, the number of excited resonators, and hence minimal film area, are significantly reduced. As an additional advantage, a reduction in the number of excited resonators decreases the inter-cell coupling strength, and consequently the resonance Q factor is remarkably increased. The experimental results show that the resonance Q factor is improved by more than a factor of two compared to the far-field measurement. Moreover, for a film with a thickness of λ/375 the minimal area can be as small as 0. 2λ × 0. 2λ. The success of this work provides a platform for future metamaterial-based sensors for biomolecular detection.