Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absence of Mesothelial Cells from Tuberculous Pleural Effusions

It is a commonplace of clinical teaching that tuberculous pleural effusions contain a high proportion of lymphocytes. This was one of two characteristics noticed by Widal (Widal and Ravaut, 1900), the other being an absence or scarcity of mesothelial (" endothelial ") cells. This second feature is more constant than the first, but for some reason has escaped being generally known. Looking back over stained films of pleural effusions from proved cases of tuberculosis, we found no case in which mesothelial cells were numerous enough to figure in an ordinary differential count. This feature is therefore much more constant than the lymphocytosis. We felt that it would be worth while to publish the data, since it appears that tuberculosis can be practically excluded as the cause of an effusion that contains numerous mesothelial cells.
Physiological effect of sweeping grooming movements in macaque monkey: preliminary data

Grooming is a widespread, essential and complex behavior with social and affiliative valence in the non-human primate world. It was recently proposed that the sweeping movement of allogrooming may activate the CT fibers. Although the C-tactile (CT) fibers is a privileged peripheral channel for perceiving pleasantness in humans, there is no evidence to support a possible physiological role of the fibers during grooming among monkeys. We analyzed the sweeping movements during allogrooming from the kinematic and physiological perspectives. The kinematic analysis, conducted on videos of monkeys groom each other, demonstrated that the velocity of sweeping movement is in the range of the optimal velocity to activate CT fibers (approximately 1–10 cm/sec). The physiological analysis was conducted evaluating the heart rate and the heart rate variability of a monkey receiving sweeps by experimenter. This analysis underlined that 1) a sweep on the back of a male macaque monkey at velocities in the range of 1–10 cm/sec, but not lower or higher, determined a decrement of the heart rate and increment of heart rate variability; and 2) a sweeping movement on the arm of the monkey at the same velocities did not determine any cardio-physiological changes. Human studies underlined that caress done at 1-10 cm/s activate the CT fibers, are perceived as pleasant and determine positive physiological effects. The present preliminary study provides the possible role of CT fibers during the sweeping movements of grooming in macaque monkeys, from both the kinematic and physiological points of view.
Recursive Decentralized Collaborative Localization for Sparsely Communicating Robots

This paper provides a new fully-decentralized algorithm for Collaborative Localization based on the extended Kalman filter. The major challenge in decentralized collaborative localization is to track inter-robot dependencies – which is particularly difficult in situations where sustained synchronous communication between robots cannot be guaranteed. Current approaches suffer from the need for particular communication schemes, extensive bookkeeping of measurements, overlyconservative assumptions, or the restriction to specific measurement models. To the best of our knowledge, the algorithm we propose in this paper is the first one that tracks interrobot correlations while fulfilling all of the following relevant conditions: communication is limited to two robots that obtain a relative measurement, the algorithm is recursive in the sense that it does not require storage of measurements and each robot maintains only the latest estimate of its own pose, and it supports generic measurement models. These particularly hard conditions make the approach applicable to a wide range of multi-robot applications. Extensive experiments carried out using real world datasets demonstrate the improved performance of our method compared to several existing approaches.
Controlled manipulation of nanoparticles with an atomic force microscope

We report on the application of the atomic force microscope (AFM) to manipulate and position nanometer‐sized particles with nanometer precision. The technique, which can be regarded as a nanometer‐scale analogy to atomic level manipulation with the scanning tunneling microscope, allowed us to form arbitrary nanostructures, under ambient conditions, by controlled manipulation of individual 30 nm GaAs particles. A whole new set of nanodevices can be fabricated particle‐by‐particle for studies of quantum effects and single electron tunneling. We also demonstrate a method, based on the AFM manipulation, to determine the true lateral dimensions of nano‐objects, in spite of the tip‐sample convolution.
1 Evidential meaning of statistical evidence à Statistical evidence

The fundamental problem towards which the study of statistics is addressed, is that of inference. Some data are observed and we wish to make statements, inferences, about one or more unknown features of the physical system which gave rise to these data. The variety of concepts relevant to the logical basis of the process of estimation of hypothetical quantities by the aid of observational material is considerable, . 1 Likelihood based statistical inference The prime difficulty lay in the uncertainty of such inferences, and it was a fortunate coincidence that the recognition of the concept of probability . provided a possible means by which such uncertainty could be specified and made explicit. à Statistical evidence Observed response Let y obs be the observed response from some experiment containing uncontrolled haphazard variation. The first component of statistical evidence consists of y obs. Statistical model The second necessary part of statistical evidence is a statistical model = 8pHy; wL : y oe , w oe W<, which is a set of possible probability distributions pHy; wL for the observed data y obs with sample space and the parameter w belonging to the parameter space W. In some cases there may be other information, such as a priori distribution for the parameter. In the following we consider only the situation where statistical evidence consists of the pair Hy obs , L .
A Markov game theoretic data fusion approach for cyber situational awareness

This paper proposes an innovative data-fusion/ data-mining game theoretic situation awareness and impact assessment approach for cyber network defense. Alerts generated by Intrusion Detection Sensors (IDSs) or Intrusion Prevention Sensors (IPSs) are fed into the data refinement (Level 0) and object assessment (L1) data fusion components. High-level situation/threat assessment (L2/L3) data fusion based on Markov game model and Hierarchical Entity Aggregation (HEA) are proposed to refine the primitive prediction generated by adaptive feature/pattern recognition and capture new unknown features. A Markov (Stochastic) game method is used to estimate the belief of each possible cyber attack pattern. Game theory captures the nature of cyber conflicts: determination of the attacking-force strategies is tightly coupled to determination of the defense-force strategies and vice versa. Also, Markov game theory deals with uncertainty and incompleteness of available information. A software tool is developed to demonstrate the performance of the high level information fusion for cyber network defense situation and a simulation example shows the enhanced understating of cyber-network defense.
Statistical Analysis of 3D Images Detects Regular Spatial Distributions of Centromeres and Chromocenters in Animal and Plant Nuclei

In eukaryotes, the interphase nucleus is organized in morphologically and/or functionally distinct nuclear “compartments”. Numerous studies highlight functional relationships between the spatial organization of the nucleus and gene regulation. This raises the question of whether nuclear organization principles exist and, if so, whether they are identical in the animal and plant kingdoms. We addressed this issue through the investigation of the three-dimensional distribution of the centromeres and chromocenters. We investigated five very diverse populations of interphase nuclei at different differentiation stages in their physiological environment, belonging to rabbit embryos at the 8-cell and blastocyst stages, differentiated rabbit mammary epithelial cells during lactation, and differentiated cells of Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets. We developed new tools based on the processing of confocal images and a new statistical approach based on G- and F- distance functions used in spatial statistics. Our original computational scheme takes into account both size and shape variability by comparing, for each nucleus, the observed distribution against a reference distribution estimated by Monte-Carlo sampling over the same nucleus. This implicit normalization allowed similar data processing and extraction of rules in the five differentiated nuclei populations of the three studied biological systems, despite differences in chromosome number, genome organization and heterochromatin content. We showed that centromeres/chromocenters form significantly more regularly spaced patterns than expected under a completely random situation, suggesting that repulsive constraints or spatial inhomogeneities underlay the spatial organization of heterochromatic compartments. The proposed technique should be useful for identifying further spatial features in a wide range of cell types.
Characteristics of Seismic Hazard in a V-Shaped Valley and Hazard Mitigation Methods

The distribution of hazards triggered by strong earthquakes showed great differences with traditional experience that gained from normal condition or moderate earthquake. This paper researches the differences and discusses the effect on road in V-shaped valleys. The distribution map of slope failures triggered by Lushan earthquake along roads is worked out by detailed investigation. Abnormal areas of seismic hazards are found and marked in the map. Then, co-seismic hazards and post-seismic hazards are researched in detail along Yingxiu-Wolong section of S303 road. V-shaped valleys are abnormal areas in strong earthquakes, where the geological hazards can be extreme large. Rock avalanche is the major type of co-seismic hazard, and debris flow is prone to occur and is the most harmful post-seismic hazard. For new built roads, the line elevation is as high as it can be if the economy and technique are acceptable. In strong earthquake-stricken area, makeshift roads are adopted in damage trunk roads to ensure the traffic. Reconstruction of formal roads should not be started until the end of the active period. The line elevation with enough vertical clearance over the river should be adopted to prevent the post-seismic debris flow hazard.
Slimebot: A Modular Robot That Exploits Emergent Phenomena

This paper discusses a fully decentralized algorithm able to control the morphology of a two-dimensional modular robot called “Slimebot”, consisting of many identical modules, according to the environment encountered. One of the significant features of our approach is that we explicitly exploit “emergent phenomena” stemming from the interplay between control and mechanical systems in order to control the morphology in real time. To this end, we particularly focus on a “functional material” and a “mutual entrainment”, the former of which is used as a spontaneous connectivity control mechanism between the modules, and the latter of which plays as the core of the control mechanism for the generation of locomotion. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can induce “protoplasmic streaming”, which allows us to successfully control the morphology of the modular robot in real time according to the situation without losing the coherence of the entire system.
Transdermal opioids as front line treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain: a systemic review

Background: To assess the role of transdermal opioids as a front-line approach to moderate to severe cancer pain. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed by two authors. An analysis of the level of evidence and risk/benefit ratio was performed for all of the selected trials. A combined analysis of the included studies to assess the level of evidence, risk/benefit ratio and strength of the recommendations was performed to determine the place of transdermal opioids in the treatment of cancer when compared with oral morphine. Results: Thirteen papers were included in the analysis. The level of evidence was considered low for transdermal opioids (without distinction between transdermal fentanyl and transdermal buprenorphine) or transdermal fentanyl, and very low for transdermal buprenorphine. The risk/benefit ratio was considered uncertain for both transdermal opioids (fentanyl and buprenorphine) considered together and transdermal fentanyl or buprenorphine alone. The strength of the final recommendations (using the GRADE system) was weak negative for transdermal opioids (transdermal fentanyl plus transdermal buprenorphine) and transdermal fentanyl, and strong negative for transdermal buprenorphine. Conclusions: The use of slow release oral morphine probably remains the preferred approach for these patients, with the use of transdermal opioids to be reserved for selected patients.
Facial expression recognition and generation using sparse autoencoder

Facial expression recognition has important practical applications. In this paper, we propose a method based on the combination of optical flow and a deep neural network - stacked sparse autoencoder (SAE). This method classifies facial expressions into six categories (i.e. happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust and surprise). In order to extract the representation of facial expressions, we choose the optical flow method because it could analyze video image sequences effectively and reduce the influence of personal appearance difference on facial expression recognition. Then, we train the stacked SAE with the optical flow field as the input to extract high-level features. To achieve classification, we apply a softmax classifier on the top layer of the stacked SAE. This method is applied to the Extended Cohn-Kanade Dataset (CK+). The expression classification result shows that the SAE performances the classification effectively and successfully. Further experiments (transformation and purification) are carried out to illustrate the application of the feature extraction and input reconstruction ability of SAE.
Non-Deterministic Algorithms

Prnmtive commands representing the concepts of choice, failure, and success are used to describe non-deterministic algorithms for solving a variety of problems. First, the role of the primitives is explained in a manner appealing to the reader's intuition. Then, a solution to the classmal 8-queens problem is presented as a non-deterministic program, and its implementation is described. Two examples follow, showing the usefulness of the primitwes m computer-reded problem solving: the first is a simple question-answering program, the other is a parser for a context-sensitive language. Finally, a brief survey of current and related work is presented whmh includes: additmnal desLrable prumtives, implementation, correctness, efficiency, and theoretical implicatmns
An information-flow type-system for mixed protocol secure computation

There are a number of domain-specific programming languages for secure computation. Out of those, the ones that are based on generic programming languages support mixing different protocol primitives and enable implementing a wider, possibly more efficient range of protocols. On the one hand, this may result in better protocol performance. On the other hand, this may lead to insecure protocols. In this paper we present a security type system that enables mixing protocol primitives in a generic programming language, but also ensures that well-typed programs are secure in the semi-honest model. Consequently, a compiled protocol must be secure. We show an extension of the L1 language with our security type system and evaluate the implementation of two protocols from the literature. This shows that our type system supports the provably secure implementation even of complex protocols.
Statistical modeling of pipeline delay and design of pipeline under process variation to enhance yield in sub-100nm technologies

Operating frequency of a pipelined circuit is determined by the of the slowest pipeline stage. However, under statistical delay variation in sub-100 nm technology regime, the slowest stage is not readily identifiable and the estimation of the pipeline yield with respect to a target delay is a challenging problem. We have proposed analytical models to estimate yield for a pipelined design based on delay distributions of individual pipe stages. Using the proposed models, we have shown that change in logic depth and imbalance between the stage delays can improve the yield of a pipeline. A statistical methodology has been developed to optimally design a pipeline circuit for enhancing yield. Optimization results show that, proper imbalance among the stage delays in a pipeline improves design yield by 9% for the same area and performance (and area reduction by about 8.4% under a yield constraint) over a balanced design.
Visualization of complex molecular ribbon structures at interactive rates

The increasing size of protein data available in Internet databases demands new fast methods of visualization. This paper introduces a novel visualization technique for molecular ribbon structures. The method is based on Combined BReps - a mesh structure defining a combination of polygonal faces and Catmull/Clark surfaces. Our technique provides high frame rates when interactively moving through structures of highest complexity as well as high quality images when the viewpoint remains static.
Asymptotically split extensions and E-theory

We show that the E-theory of Connes and Higson can be formulated in terms of C*-extensions in a way quite similar to the way in which the KK-theory of Kasparov can. The essential difference is that the role played by split extensions should be taken by asymptotically split extensions. We call an extension of a C*-algebra $A$ by a stable C*-algebra $B$ asymptotically split if there exists an asymptotic homomorphism consisting of right inverses for the quotient map. An extension is called semi-invertible if it can be made asymptotically split by adding another extension to it. Our main result is that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between asymptotic homomorphisms from $SA$ to $B$ and homotopy classes of semi-invertible extensions of $S^2A$ by $B$.
Parallel Programmer Productivity: A Case Study of Novice Parallel Programmers

In developing High-Performance Computing (HPC) software, time to solution is an important metric. This metric is comprised of two main components: the human effort required developing the software, plus the amount of machine time required to execute it. To date, little empirical work has been done to study the first component: the human effort required and the effects of approaches and practices that may be used to reduce it. In this paper, we describe a series of studies that address this problem. We instrumented the development process used in multiple HPC classroom environments. We analyzed data within and across such studies, varying factors such as the parallel programming model used and the application being developed, to understand their impact on the development process.
A Critique of Catharine MacKinnon's Sex-Based Theory of Rape

In a critique of sex-based theories of rape, Aletta Brenner suggests that feminists such as Catharine MacKinnon rely on a harmful set of assumptions when theorizing about the law of rape leading to harms to victims and perpetrators. I defend MacKinnon’s position in order to demonstrate how MacKinnon’s theory does not employ the assumptions Brenner suggests and therefore does not lead harms. However, I highlight one concern of Brenner’s that MacKinnon’s theory does not adequately address: that MacKinnon insists that all rape is sex based. I posit that in Same Sex Mutual Intimate Partner Violence, rape appears to be sexual-orientation based rather that sex based and suggest that MacKinnon’s theory ought to make distinctions that allow the law to be sensitive to those most vulnerable to rape.
Asynchronous Backtracking for Asymmetric DisCSPs

Distributed constraint satisfaction problems (DisCSPs) with asymmetric constraints reflect the fact that agents may wish to retain their constraints private. The set of valid pairs of values of every binary constraint is split between the two constrained agents. An asynchronous backtracking algorithm for asymmetric DisCSPs is presented. The new algorithm is based on asynchronous backtracking (ABT), but, propagates assignments both to lower priority agents and to higher priority agents. The ABT ASC algorithm is evaluated experimentally on randomly generated asymmetric DisCSPs. Its performance is compared to that of the privacy keeping version of ABT , proposed by Brito and Meseguer, which splits the search into two phases. The ABT ASC algorithm improves the run-time of the 2-phase ABT by a large factor with no additional load on the communication network.
Geometrid larvae detection using contour feature

Early detection and prediction of pests in field automatically is an important topic in modern agriculture engineering. In this paper, we design a program that can detect geometrid larvae automatically using image processing technology. Firstly, according to color characterization of larvae, we extract brown larvae candidates from image with background of green leaves. We use morphological operation to correct the candidate's regions. Then we use elliptic Fourier transform to represent the contours of larval candidates. The representation is a vector. Thereafter we compare all the possible contour vectors of the larvae with the selected larval contour vector. According to the distance between vectors, we determine whether the contour is a true larval contour. The experimental results show that our method can effectively extract geometrid larvae in tea garden images.
Commercial Bank Stress Tests Based on Credit Risk

Based on the History-Based Stressed PD model which is derived from Merton theory and IRB model which is derived from Basel New Capital Accord, this paper selects six commercial banks to conduct the empirical research of credit risk stress testing. The result indicates that the value-at-risk calculated by IRM model is much higher than History-Based Stressed PD model, because the former is completely based on the theoretical model while the latter takes into consideration of the historical and realistic significance. In practice, this paper suggests to comprehensively consider the measuring results of two models to formulate risk control measures.