Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social context‐aware macroscopic routing scheme for opportunistic network

Opportunistic networks (OppNets) have attracted widespread attention as wireless technologies have advanced. OppNets are widely used in delay‐tolerant applications because they route messages using a store‐carry‐forward mechanism. Recently, socially aware routing has been increasingly modeled for message dissemination in OppNets, where the message is routed selectively through cooperative nodes based on user interests; however, routing becomes extremely difficult as node density and data size increase. However, the current method fails to reduce data redundancy, message overhead, delay, and improve performance efficiency. To address the issues, this article proposes social context‐aware microscopic routing (SCAMR) for OppNets. SCAMR uses cluster‐based communication, novel social‐context association mapping, and an improved lost packet retrieval mechanism with minimal messaging overhead. In this work, the experiment was performed by considering three scenarios: varying node size, varying buffer size, and varying time‐to‐live size. The experimental results show that the SCAMR scheme improves delivery ratio by 71.25%, 67.87%, 69.18%, reduces delay by 33.93%, 26.68%, 35.36%, reduces the number of hop nodes (i.e., messaging overhead) by 77.84%, 71.53%, 76.04% over existing approaches namely, SCARF (SoCial‐Aware Reliable Forwarding Technique for Vehicular Communications), SRS (secure routing strategy), and EDT (effective data transmission) considering different scenarios, respectively.
LION: Label Disambiguation for Semi-supervised Facial Expression Recognition with Progressive Negative Learning

Semi-supervised deep facial expression recognition (SS-DFER) has recently attracted rising research interest due to its more practical setting of abundant unlabeled data. However, there are two main problems unconsidered in current SS-DFER methods: 1) label ambiguity, i.e., given labels mismatch with facial expressions; 2) inefficient utilization of unlabeled data with low-confidence. In this paper, we propose a novel SS-DFER method, including a Label DIsambiguation module and a PrOgressive Negative Learning module, namely LION, to simultaneously address both problems. Specifically, the label disambiguation module operates on labeled data, including data with accurate labels (clear data) and ambiguous labels (ambiguous data). It first uses clear data to calculate prototypes for all the expression classes, and then re-assign a candidate label set to all the ambiguous data. Based on the prototypes and the candidate label set, the ambiguous data can be relabeled more accurately. As for unlabeled data with low-confidence, the progressive negative learning module is developed to iteratively mine more complete complementary labels, which can guide the model to reduce the association between data and corresponding complementary labels. Experiments on three challenging datasets show that our method significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art approaches in SS-DFER and surpasses fully-supervised baselines. Code will be available at https://github.com/NUM-7/LION.
Influencing factors associated with the second dominant pattern of the Indian summer monsoon

The interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) affects millions of people in India and the global weather and climate. The teleconnections that affect this variation are not stable. The recent four decades of the second dominant mode of ISM rainfall show a unique north–south tripole pattern, with above‐normal rainfall in the north and peninsular India sandwiching suppressed rainfall in central‐east India. The pattern relates to extending the Indo‐Pacific warm‐pool's warmer sea‐surface temperature (SST) towards the south of the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean. Most of the time, this warming and the extension of the warm‐pool's warmer SST are associated with La Niña events, which activate more in situ vigorous convection. The Rossby‐gyres generated west of the equatorial heating increase the tropospheric height over north India, shifting and strengthening the Tibetan High northwards, facilitating heavy rainfall in the north. Meanwhile, the more vigorous convection south of the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean produces compensatory subsidence over central‐east India, suppressing rainfall. The northern hemispheric Rossby‐gyres brings anomalous cyclonic circulation over peninsular India, producing excess rainfall. Also, the dipole pressure anomaly between the northwest Pacific and south tropical Indian Ocean generates anomalous lower‐level easterly winds over the Bay of Bengal. It supplies excess moisture to the north India convections. The co‐occurrence of the active Atlantic intertropical convergence zone supports this tripole rainfall pattern. This teleconnection could further be examined in climate models.
Diagnostic Stewardship: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Blood Collection Diversion Devices Used to Reduce Blood Culture Contamination and Improve the Accuracy of Diagnosis in Clinical Settings

Abstract Background Blood culture contamination may lead to misdiagnosis, overutilization of antibiotics, and prolonged length of stay. Blood specimen diversion devices can reduce contamination rates during blood culture collection procedures. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluating the influence of blood specimen diversion devices in blood culture contamination rates. Methods We searched Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, from database inception to 1 March 2023, for studies evaluating the impact of a diversion device on blood culture contamination. Blood culture contamination was a positive blood culture with microorganisms not representative of true bacteremia, but rather introduced during collection or processing the blood sample. Random-effects models were used to obtain pooled mean differences, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results Of 1768 screened studies, 12 met inclusion criteria for this systematic literature review. Of them, 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Studies were substantially heterogeneous, but stratified analyses considering only high-quality studies revealed that venipuncture using a diversion device was associated with a significant reduction in blood culture contamination in comparison to the standard procedure of collection (pooled odds ratio [OR], 0.26 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .13–.54]; I2 = 19%). Furthermore, the stratified analysis showed that the adoption of a diversion device did not reduce the detection of true infection (pooled OR, 0.85 [95% CI, .65–1.11]; I2 = 0%). Conclusions Blood culture diversion devices was associated with decreased contamination rates and could improve quality of care, reduce costs, and avoid unnecessary antibiotic use.
The worse we feel, the more intensively we need to stick together: a qualitative study of couples’ emotional co-regulation of the challenge of multimorbidity

Introduction Being faced with multimorbidity (i.e., being diagnosed with at least two chronic conditions), is not only demanding in terms of following complicated medical regimes and changing health behaviors. The changes and threats involved also provoke emotional responses in the patients but also in their romantic partners. This study aims at exploring the ways of emotional co-regulation that couples facing multimorbidity express when interviewed together. Method N = 15 opposite sex couples with one multimorbid patient after an acute health crisis that led to hospitalization were asked in a semi-structured interview about how they found ways to deal with the health situation, what they would recommend to other couples in a similar situation, and how they regulated their emotional responses. Interviews were analyzed qualitatively following open, axial, and selective coding, as in the grounded theory framework. Results Emerging categories from the romantic partners’ and the patients’ utterances revealed three main categories: First, overlapping cognitive appraisals about the situation (from fighting spirit to fatalism) and we-ness (construing the couple self as a unit) emerged as higher order factor from the utterances. Second, relationship-related strategies including strategies aimed at maintaining high relationship quality in spite of the asymmetric situation like strengthening the common ground and balancing autonomy and equity in the couple were often mentioned. Third, some couples mentioned how they benefit from individual strategies that involve fostering individual resources of the partners outside the couple relationship (such as cultivating relationships with grandchildren or going outdoors to nature). Discussion Results underline the importance of a dyadic perspective not only on coping with disease but also on regulating the emotional responses to this shared challenging situation. The utterances of the couples were in line with earlier conceptualizations of interpersonal emotion regulation and dyadic perspectives on we-disease. They broaden the view by integrating the interplay between individual and interpersonal regulation strategies and underline the importance of balancing individual and relational resources when supporting couples faced with chronic diseases.
Towards Gender Fairness for Mental Health Prediction

Mental health is becoming an increasingly prominent health challenge. Despite a plethora of studies analysing and mitigating bias for a variety of tasks such as face recognition and credit scoring, research on machine learning (ML) fairness for mental health has been sparse to date. In this work, we focus on gender bias in mental health and make the following contributions. First, we examine whether bias exists in existing mental health datasets and algorithms. Our experiments were conducted using Depresjon, Psykose and D-Vlog. We identify that both data and algorithmic bias exist. Second, we analyse strategies that can be deployed at the pre-processing, in-processing and post-processing stages to mitigate for bias and evaluate their effectiveness. Third, we investigate factors that impact the efficacy of existing bias mitigation strategies and outline recommendations to achieve greater gender fairness for mental health. Upon obtaining counter-intuitive results on D-Vlog dataset, we undertake further experiments and analyses, and provide practical suggestions to avoid hampering bias mitigation efforts in ML for mental health.
Polarization dependence of angle-resolved photoemission with submicron spatial resolution reveals emerging one-dimensionality of electrons in 
NbSe3

The work at Lausanne and Geneva is supported by the Swiss NSF. M.A.V. acknowledges financial support from Spanish MICIN Postdoctoral Mobility Program. S.P. acknowledges C’NANO Ile-de-France, DIM NanoK, for the support of the Nanospecs project. Work in Spain was supported by a MINECO (Grants FIS2015-64886-C5-4-P and CTQ2015-64579-C3-3-P), Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR1506 and 2017SGR1289), and XRQTC. E.C. acknowledges support from MINECO through the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program under Grant No. SEV-2015-0496. ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Program/ Generalitat de Catalunya, and supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV- 2017-0706). P.A. acknowledges support from the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program under Grant MDM- 2017-0767. S.C. gratefully acknowledges the Becas Chile program (CONICYT PAI/INDUSTRIA 72090772) for a doctoral grant at the Universitat de Barcelona. Synchrotron SOLEIL is supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux energies Alternatives (CEA).
Improvement of spatiotemporal resolution based on deep learning in 3D photoacoustic tomography

Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) is a useful tool for fast 3D imaging that provides structural, molecular, and functional in vivo information. It is capable of producing 3D images using a multi-element hemispherical array transducer. PAT images can be enhanced a great number of ultrasonic transducer components with multiplexers, but this can result in high costs and slow temporal resolution because of using multiplexers. In this research, we present a deep learning solution to improve both the spatial and temporal resolution in PAT. We demonstrated that the trained neural network enhanced the image quality of a quarter-cluster-sampled data of static whole-body imaging. Our approach increased limited-view aperture and the spatial resolution by around three and two times, respectively. Additionally, it allowed to improve temporal resolution by four times without multiplexing. Our method also demonstrated excellent performance in contrast-enhanced PA imaging, enabling molecular imaging. Our strategy has the potential to enable high spatial and temporal resolution observation of biodynamics in 3D PAT without being limited by hardware constraints.
Update on the Phylodynamic and Genetic Variability of Marburg Virus

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only strained healthcare systems in Africa but has also intensified the impact of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Specifically in Equatorial Guinea, mirroring the situation in other African countries, unique zoonotic outbreaks have occurred during this challenging period. One notable resurgence is Marburg virus disease (MVD), which has further burdened the already fragile healthcare system. The re-emergence of the Marburg virus amid the COVID-19 pandemic is believed to stem from a probable zoonotic spill-over, although the precise transmission routes remain uncertain. Given the gravity of the situation, addressing the existing challenges is paramount. Though the genome sequences from the current outbreak were not available for this study, we analyzed all the available whole genome sequences of this re-emerging pathogen to advocate for a shift towards active surveillance. This is essential to ensure the successful containment of any potential Marburg virus outbreak in Equatorial Guinea and the wider African context. This study, which presents an update on the phylodynamics and the genetic variability of MARV, further confirmed the existence of at least two distinct patterns of viral spread. One pattern demonstrates a slower but continuous and recurring virus circulation, while the other exhibits a faster yet limited and episodic spread. These results highlight the critical need to strengthen genomic surveillance in the region to effectively curb the pathogen’s dissemination. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of prompt alert management, comprehensive case investigation and analysis, contact tracing, and active case searching. These steps are vital to support the healthcare system’s response to this emerging health crisis. By implementing these strategies, we can better arm ourselves against the challenges posed by the resurgence of the Marburg virus and other infectious diseases.
Partially Omnidirectional and Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna Covering Sub-6-GHz Band for 5G Fast Plan

A two-port multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) antenna is designed, manufactured, and analyzed, which covers the whole sub-6-GHz band ranging from 0.97 to 6.19 GHz with an integrated circularly polarized wideband centered at 3.5 GHz. The proposed work overcomes the challenges of 1) large size of antennas at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band; 2) circular polarization (CP) for wideband; 3) channel capacity for fifth-generation (5G); 4) diversity in MIMO; and 5) minimum mutual coupling with inbuilt isolator. A very small antenna size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.113\lambda _{0} \times 0.129\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is obtained after incorporating several techniques, including slots, stubs, defected ground, and parasitic elements. The structure is simple and contains an in-built isolator that provides more than 23 dB isolation between both ports. Partial ground with additional stubs helps to maintain high isolation between both ports within the whole operating band. The proposed antenna also improves the channel capacity and provides the minimum channel capacity loss (CCL) of about 0.12 bits/s/Hz. Various diversity characteristics [e.g., envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), diversity gain (DG)] are analyzed and found suitable within the required range. The proposed antenna radiates the omnidirectional pattern at the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (1.57 GHz) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (1.22 GHz) bands of the global positioning system (GPS). Other than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bands, the proposed antenna also offers wide beamwidth for the remaining bands. Finally, an antenna model is manufactured to validate the findings through experimental measurements.
Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and Associated Radiation Hazards in Topsoil of Savar Industrial Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The radioactivity levels of naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in thirteen topsoil samples, collected from Savar industrial area of Bangladesh, were measured by gamma ray spectrometry system using a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector of 40% relative efficiency. The calculated average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the collected samples were 23.31 Bq.kg-1, 42.24 Bq.kg-1 and 733.19 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The average activity concentration of 232Th and 226Ra in the present study is lower than that of the world-wide average value but the concentration for 40K is much higher than the world average of 420 Bq.kg-1. The estimated average absorbed dose rate (D), the outdoor annual effective dose (E) and the external hazard index (Hex) were found as 67.08 nGyh-1, 0.08 mSvy-1 and 0.38 Bq.Kg-1, respectively. The absorbed dose rate and outdoor annual effective dose are slightly higher than the world average value but the external hazard index is lower than that of the recommended value. The results of present study show that the soil of the study area is safe from radiological hazards and will not pose any harmful effect to the environment. The outcome of this study may provide valuable information about radiation hazard as well as may be useful as the baseline data in the monitoring of environmental radioactivity in the industrial zone under study.
Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Extraintestinal E. coli Populations Pre- and Post-Antimicrobial Therapy on Broilers Affected by Colisepticemia

Simple Summary Although the use of antimicrobials and the related selection of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens are recognized worldwide, limited or no information is available on the effect of the antibiotic treatment on the genetic structure as well as the dissemination and persistence of plasmids carrying AMR genetic determinants. This is of particular interest for bacterial pathogens like Avian Pathogenic Escherica coli (APEC), which have the potential to persist and be transmitted from broilers to humans through the food chain as well as for their AMR genetic determinants, which have the potential to be mobilized and spread. With a genomic approach, results of the present study revealed that during the enrofloxacin treatment of broilers, initial strains of extraintestinal E. coli disappeared, being substituted by new clones. Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance did not appear to disseminate or persist among observed genomes, confirming that QRDR mutations rather than plasmids are the main drivers of quinolone resistance. Interestingly, plasmids carrying other AMR genes than quinolone-determinant ones were disseminated and persistent since they were found in different clones both before and after the treatment. The persistence of plasmids without a direct antimicrobial selective pressure, if confirmed with further studies, might give insights on the so-called plasmid paradox. Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of E. coli during enrofloxacin therapy in broilers affected by colisepticemia. Three unrelated farms with ongoing colibacillosis outbreaks were sampled at day 1 before treatment and at days 5, 10 and 24 post-treatment. A total of 179 E. coli isolates were collected from extraintestinal organs and submitted to serotyping, PFGE and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against enrofloxacin. PFGE clusters shifted from 3–6 at D1 to 10–16 at D5, D10 and D24, suggesting an increased population diversity after the treatment. The majority of strains belonged to NT or O78 and to ST117 or ST23. PFGE results were confirmed with SNP calling: no persistent isolates were identified. An increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli isolates was observed along the treatment. Resistome analyses revealed qnrB19 and qnrS1 genes along with mutations in the gyrA, parC and parE genes. Interestingly, despite a fluoroquinolone selective pressure, qnr-carrying plasmids did not persist. On the contrary, two conjugative AMR plasmid clusters (AB233 and AA474) harboring AMR genes other than qnr were persistent since they were identified in both D1 and D10 genomes in two farms. Further studies should be performed in order to confirm plasmid persistence not associated (in vivo) to antimicrobial selective pressure.
The effect of cyclic stretch on aortic viscoelasticity and the putative role of smooth muscle focal adhesion

Due to its viscoelastic properties, the aorta aids in dampening blood pressure pulsatility. At the level of resistance-arteries, the pulsatile flow will be transformed into a continuous flow to allow for optimal perfusion of end organs such as the kidneys and the brain. In this study, we investigated the ex vivo viscoelastic properties of different regions of the aorta of healthy C57Bl6/J adult mice as well as the interplay between (altered) cyclic stretch and viscoelasticity. We demonstrated that the viscoelastic parameters increase along the distal aorta and that the effect of altered cyclic stretch is region dependent. Increased cyclic stretch, either by increased pulse pressure or pulse frequency, resulted in decreased aortic viscoelasticity. Furthermore, we identified that the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is an important modulator of viscoelasticity, as we have shown that VSMC contraction increases viscoelastic parameters by, in part, increasing elastin fiber tortuosity. Interestingly, an acute increase in stretch amplitude reverted the changes in viscoelastic properties induced by VSMC contraction, such as a decreasing contraction-induced elastin fiber tortuosity. Finally, the effects of altered cyclic stretch and VSMC contraction on viscoelasticity were more pronounced in the abdominal infrarenal aorta, compared to both the thoracic ascending and descending aorta, and were attributed to the activity and stability of VSMC focal adhesion. Our results indicate that cyclic stretch is a modulator of aortic viscoelasticity, acting on VSMC focal adhesion. Conditions of (acute) changes in cyclic stretch amplitude and/or frequency, such as physical exercise or hypertension, can alter the viscoelastic properties of the aorta.