Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Dental Caries in Children with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Scientific evidence regarding the incidence of dental caries in Down syndrome (DS) patients is limited and sometimes presents divergent opinions among authors, making it difficult to reach definitive conclusions. We aimed to evaluate the caries incidence in the DS pediatric population and compare it against healthy controls. The search was performed using 4 universal databases: Cochrane, B-on, Biomed, and PubMed. The selected articles were synthesized and subsequently evaluated according to an adaptation of the Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies risk of bias tool, and analysis charts were performed by the Risk of Bias visualization tool (ROBVIS). Statistics and graphs were performed by Open Meta Analyst and JASP software. The confounding effect on caries incidence of the following factors was evaluated through meta-regression: age, Male/Female (M/F) ratio, DMFT, dmft, and study geographic location. Overall, the incidence of caries in the DS population was 49.9%, whereas in the control population was 63.4%. The M/F ratio, DMFT, and dmft significantly affected the incidence of DS individuals (p-value < 0.05). The evidence regarding the lower pooled incidence of caries in individuals with DS regarding controls is limited by the few scientific reports available and cross-section designs. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Lipid Metabolism: The Summary of Evidence and Future Perspectives in the Pathophysiology of OSA-Associated Dyslipidaemia

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Strong evidence suggests that OSA is associated with an altered lipid profile including elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Intermittent hypoxia; sleep fragmentation; and consequential surges in the sympathetic activity, enhanced oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are the postulated mechanisms leading to metabolic alterations in OSA. Although the exact mechanisms of OSA-associated dyslipidaemia have not been fully elucidated, three main points have been found to be impaired: activated lipolysis in the adipose tissue, decreased lipid clearance from the circulation and accelerated de novo lipid synthesis. This is further complicated by the oxidisation of atherogenic lipoproteins, adipose tissue dysfunction, hormonal changes, and the reduced function of HDL particles in OSA. In this comprehensive review, we summarise and critically evaluate the current evidence about the possible mechanisms involved in OSA-associated dyslipidaemia.
The cubature smooth variable structure filter estimation strategy applied to a quadrotor controller

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are becoming increasingly popular in industry, military, and social environments. An UAS that provides good operating performance and robustness to disturbances is often quite expensive and prohibitive to the general public. To improve UAS performance without affecting the overall cost, an estimation strategy can be implemented on the internal controller. The use of an estimation strategy or filter reduces the number of required sensors and power requirement, and improves the controller performance. UAS devices are highly nonlinear, and implementation of filters can be quite challenging. This paper presents the implementation of the relatively new cubature smooth variable structure filter (CSVSF) on a quadrotor controller. The results are compared with other state and parameter estimation strategies.
Evolution of High-energy Particle Distribution in Supernova Remnants

Supernova remnants (SNRs) have been considered to be the dominant contributors to Galactic cosmic rays. However, the relation between high-energy particles trapped in SNRs and cosmic rays observed at the Earth remains obscure. In this paper, we fit the spectral energy distributions of 35 SNRs with a simple one-zone emission model and analyze correlations of model parameters to uncover the evolution of high-energy particle distribution in SNRs. We find that (1) the particle distribution in general can be described by a broken power-law function with a high-energy cutoff for all SNRs; (2) the low-energy spectrum becomes harder and the break energy decreases with aging of SNRs, (3) for most middle-age SNRs, the energy loss timescale of electrons at the high-energy cutoff is approximately equal to the age of the corresponding remnant implying quenching of very-high-energy electron acceleration; for young SNRs, this energy loss timescale is shorter than the age of SNRs implying continuous electron acceleration at the cutoff energy; and for a few old age SNRs, the energy loss timescale is longer than the corresponding age, which may suggest escaping of higher energy particles from SNRs. Finally, we comment on the implications of these results on the SNR origin of Galactic cosmic rays.
No evidence for dark energy metamorphosis

Recent attempts to fit type Ia supernova data by modelling the dark energy density as a truncated Taylor series have suggested the possibility of metamorphosis, i.e., a rapidly evolving equation of state parameter, wDE(z). However, we show that fits using that parametrization have significant problems. Evolution of wDE(z) is both favoured and in some sense forced, and the equation of state parameter blows up or diverges in large regions of the parameter space. To further elucidate these problems we have simulated sets of supernova data in a Λ-universe to show that the suggested 'evidence' for metamorphosis is also common for wDE = −1.
Completing the Hydrogen Census in the Circumgalactic Medium at z~0

Over the past decade, Lyman-alpha and metal line absorption observations have established the ubiquity of a gas-rich circumgalactic medium (CGM) around star-forming galaxies at z~0.2 potentially tracing half of the missing baryonic mass within galaxy halos. Unfortunately, these observations only provide a statistical measure of the gas in the CGM and do not constrain the spatial distribution and kinematics of the gas. Furthermore, we have limited sensitivity to Lyman-alpha at z~0 with existing instruments. As such, we remain ignorant of how this gas may flow from the CGM onto the disks of galaxies where it can fuel ongoing star-formation in the present day. Fortunately, 21-cm HI observations with radio telescopes can map HI emission providing both spatial and kinematic information for the CGM in galaxies at z=0. Observations with phased array feeds, radio cameras, on single-dish telescopes yield unmatched surface brightness sensitivity and survey speed. These observations can complete the census of HI in the CGM below N(HI)<10^17 cm^-2 and constrain how gas accretion is proceeding in the local universe, particularly when used in concert with UV absorption line data.
Order-parameter symmetries in high-temperature superconductors

We present two representations of the order-parameter (OP) eigenfunctions for tetragonal cuprate superconductors, and for orthorhombic YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} and Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} (BSCCO). Recent BSCCO c-axis twist Josephson junction experiments of Li et al. demonstrate that the tunneling is strongly incoherent, and that the OP contains an isotropic s-wave component, but not any d{sub x{sup 2}-y{sup 2}}-wave component. We propose a c-axis twist tetracrystal ring experiment. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Cuscuta australis Parasitism-Induced Changes in the Proteome and Photosynthetic Parameters of Arabidopsis thaliana

Cuscuta australis is a widely distributed stem parasitic plant, infecting a variety of host plants. Its parasitism has a negative effect on the hosts, mainly due to the exhaustion of nutrients, thus negatively affecting the growth and development. However, recent studies indicated that the effect of parasitism may extend beyond the simple extraction of organic compounds, water, and minerals. In the present study, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was used as a host for Cuscuta australis, to study the effect of the parasite on the photosynthetic parameters and the proteome after short-term infection. To test this, a highly sensitive portable photosynthesis system and gel-based MS/MS proteomics were employed. It was found that the parasite has a dramatic negative effect on the photosynthetic ability of the host, as well as causing the up-regulation of stress-related proteins. Simultaneously, proteins involved in both decreased permeability and loosening of the cell wall of the host were found to be up-regulated.
Book-Review - Aspects of Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime

Preface 1. A quick course in quantum mechanics 2. Self-adjoint, elliptic differential operators and eigen-function expansions 3. Quantisation of a static, scalar field theory 4. Two-point functions 5. The stress tensor and the Casimir effect 6. Quantum field theory in general space-times 7. Quantum field theory in an expanding universe 8. Some geometrical apparatus 9. Renormalisation of the stress tensor Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Index.
Renormalizing a BRST-invariant composite operator of mass dimension 2 in Yang-Mills theory

We discuss the renormalization of a BRST and anti-BRST invariant composite operator of mass dimension 2 in Yang-Mills theory with the general BRST and anti-BRST invariant gauge ﬁxing term of the Lorentz type. The interest of this study stems from a recent claim that the non-vanishing vacuum condensate of the composite operator in question can be an origin of mass gap and quark conﬁnement in any manifestly covariant gauge, as proposed by one of the authors. First, we obtain the renormalization group ﬂow of the Yang-Mills theory. Next, we show the multiplicative renormalizability of the composite operator and that the BRST and anti-BRST invariance of the bare composite operator is preserved under the renormalization. Third, we perform the operator product expansion of the gluon and ghost propagators and obtain the Wilson coeﬃcient corresponding to the vacuum condensate of mass dimension 2. Finally, we discuss the connection of this work with the previous works and argue the physical implications of the obtained results.
The Liver Maximum Capacity Test (LiMAx) Is Associated with Short-Term Survival in Patients with Early Stage HCC Undergoing Transarterial Treatment

Simple Summary The liver maximum capacity test (LiMAx) represents a useful tool to estimate liver function in patients with chronic liver disease. LiMAx results correlate with short-term survival in patients with early stage HCC after transarterial chemo- or radioembolization. Low LiMAx levels might enable the identification of patients with poor hepatic function and decreased short-term survival after treatment. Abstract Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are recommended to treat patients with early or intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The liver maximum capacity test (LiMAx) has been supposed to predict the risk of post-interventional liver failure. We investigated the correlation of LiMAx with short-term survival as primary endpoint and the occurrence of adverse events after therapy as secondary endpoint. Our study cohort prospectively included 69 patients receiving TACE (n = 57) or TARE (n = 12). LiMAx test and serological analyses were performed on the day before and 4 weeks after treatment. Hepatic and extrahepatic complications were monitored for 4 weeks. The LiMAx results were not associated with altered liver function and the occurrence of adverse events. The survival rates of patients with BCLC A with LiMAx ≤ 150 μg/kg/h were lower after 30 days (75.0 ± 15.3% vs. 100%, p = 0.011), 90 days (62.5 ± 17.7% vs. 95.8 ± 4.1%, p = 0.011) and 180 days (50.0 ± 17.7% vs. 95.8 ± 4.1%, p = 0.001) compared to those with higher LiMAx levels. The LiMAx test is not suitable to predict liver function abnormalities or the occurrence of complications 4 weeks after therapy but enables the identification of patients with early stage HCC and reduced short-term survival after treatment.
Challenging Radiocarbon Chronostratigraphies in Central Arctic Ocean Sediment

Based on the analysis of fish otolith assemblages from surface sediments of the Lomonosov Ridge (Arctic Ocean), we demonstrate that the very low Holocene sedimentation rates and winnowing of fine sediments result in the mixing of the whole Holocene populations at the sediment surface. Specimens from the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 or older could even be recovered in the surface due to a sedimentary hiatus at some locations in the central Arctic during the last glacial maximum. Two examples illustrate that 14C‐stratigraphies from planktic foraminifers in underlying cored sediments reflect the mixing between Holocene and MIS 3 or older populations, thus invalidating continuous age‐depth inferences based on 14C ages. Hence, much caution is required when attempting to set paleoceanographic reconstructions based on 14C chronologies in a low sediment accumulation rate environment such as the central Arctic Ocean. Already published paleoceanographic reconstructions from this area might thus require some revisions.
Customer Churn Prediction Embedded in an Analytical CRM Model

This paper presents a practical implementation of an analytical customer relationship (CRM) model, which aims to increase the customer satisfaction, thereby reducing the rate of attrition. The analytical CRM model not only manages and synchronizes customer relationship management processes, but also creates added value regarding to customers by applying mathematical, predictive methods. This presented model was implemented at a Hungarian gas service provider, and estimates the probability of churn for each customer based on the characteristics of former and present customers. The methodological approach is based on econometrical background; the analytical tool is a binomial logistic regression model. As a result this study presents that using logistic regression models as predictive analytic tool we can fulfil multiple CRM goals. Using the theoretical framework of Swift (2001) we can state that the model consists of more CRM dimensions simultaneously. These are the predicted churn probability as a customer retention dimension, and the information about the efficiency of different CRM elements, and CRM channels, as a customer attraction dimension.
Nationalist-Islamist Party in a Liberal Ecosystem: The Solidity and Campaign Strategy of the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) during the 2014 and 2019 Elections

This paper examines the nationalist-Islamist party’s solidity and campaign strategy, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), in coping with the legislative election under an Open List Proportional Representation (OLPR) system, mainly during the 2014 and 2019 elections. The party solidity is measured by a fourfold indicator: procedural leadership in the decision-making process, conflict resolution mechanism, systematic candidateship, and the commitment upon the values/ideology. In the meantime, the campaign strategy is assessed by four indicators of marketing-mix: product, price, place, and promotion. The finding demonstrates that PKS can maintain the party solidity despite addressing the internal turmoil, mainly related to beef bribery committed by the PKS president in the early of 2013. Furthermore, although PKS executes all campaign strategies in dealing with the 2019 legislative election, the most effective strategy for increasing the PKS’ vote is product and place. The party has a specific platform and strong candidate characteristics. Indeed, it is supported by the loyalty of legislative candidates, cadres, members, and sympathizers who have significant contributions as the vote-getters in mobilizing the electorate. Those proofs indicate that the ideological party can adjust itself in the electoral competition under the liberal system of open-list proportional representation applied by Indonesia. PKS is a good case with its pragmatic strategies.
Shotgun proteomics of cyanobacteriaç applications of experimental and data-mining techniques

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria notable for their ability to produce hydrogen and a variety of interesting secondary metabolites. As a result of the growing number of completed cyanobacterial genome projects, the development of post-genomics analysis for this important group has been accelerating. DNA microarrays and classical two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) were the first technologies applied in such analyses. In many other systems, ‘shotgun’ proteomics employing multi-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry has proven to be a powerful tool. However, this approach has been relatively under-utilized in cyanobacteria. This study assesses progress in cyanobacterial shotgun proteomics to date, and adds a new perspective by developing a protocol for the shotgun proteomic analysis of the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, a model for N2 fixation. Using approaches for enhanced protein extraction, 646 proteins were identified, which is more than double the previous results obtained using 2DE. Notably, the improved extraction method and shotgun approach resulted in a significantly higher representation of basic and hydrophobic proteins. The use of protein bioinformatics tools to further mine these shotgun data is illustrated through the application of PSORTb for localization, the grand average hydropathy (GRAVY) index for hydrophobicity, LipoP for lipoproteins and the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) for abundance. The results are compared with the most well-studied cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Some general issues in shotgun proteome identification and quantification are then addressed.
Joint X-Ray, EUV, and UV Observations of a Small Microflare

We present the first joint observation of a small microflare in X-rays with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR), in UV with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), and in EUV with the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA). These combined observations allow us to study the hot coronal and cooler chromospheric/transition region emission from the microflare. This small microflare peaks from 2016 July 26 23:35 to 23:36 UT, in both NuSTAR, SDO/AIA, and IRIS. Spatially, this corresponds to a small loop visible in the SDO/AIA Fe xviii emission, which matches a similar structure lower in the solar atmosphere seen by IRIS in SJI1330 and 1400 Å. The NuSTAR emission in both 2.5–4 and 4–6 keV is located in a source at this loop location. The IRIS slit was over the microflaring loop, and fits show little change in Mg ii but do show intensity increases, slight width enhancements, and redshifts in Si iv and O iv, indicating that this microflare had most significance in and above the upper chromosphere. The NuSTAR microflare spectrum is well fitted by a thermal component of 5.1 MK and 6.2 × 1044 cm−3, which corresponds to a thermal energy of 1.5 × 1026 erg, making it considerably smaller than previously studied active region microflares. No non-thermal emission was detected but this could be due to the limited effective exposure time of the observation. This observation shows that even ordinary features seen in UV can remarkably have a higher-energy component that is clear in X-rays.
The effect of magnetic fields and ambipolar diffusion on the column density probability distribution function in molecular clouds

Simulations generally show that non-self-gravitating clouds have a lognormal column density ($\Sigma$) probability distribution function (PDF), while self-gravitating clouds with active star formation develop a distinct power-law tail at high column density. Although the growth of the power law can be attributed to gravitational contraction leading to the formation of condensed cores, it is often debated if an observed lognormal shape is a direct consequence of supersonic turbulence alone, or even if it is really observed in molecular clouds. In this paper we run three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations including ambipolar diffusion with different initial conditions to see the effect of strong magnetic fields and nonlinear initial velocity perturbations on the evolution of the column density PDFs. Our simulations show that column density PDFs of clouds with supercritical mass-to-flux ratio, with either linear perturbations or nonlinear turbulence, quickly develop a power-law tail such that $dN/d \log \Sigma \propto \Sigma^{-\alpha}$ with index $\alpha \simeq 2$. Interestingly, clouds with subcritical mass-to-flux ratio also proceed directly to a power-law PDF, but with a much steeper index $\alpha \simeq 4$. This is a result of gravitationally-driven ambipolar diffusion. However, for nonlinear perturbations with a turbulent spectrum ($v_{k}^{2} \propto k^{-4}$), the column density PDFs of subcritical clouds do retain a lognormal shape for a major part of the cloud evolution, and only develop a distinct power-law tail with index $\alpha \simeq 2$ at greater column density when supercritical pockets are formed.
Classical phase transitions in a one-dimensional short-range spin model

Ising’s solution of a classical spin model famously demonstrated the absence of a positive-temperature phase transition in one-dimensional equilibrium systems with short-range interactions. No-go arguments established that the energy cost to insert domain walls in such systems is outweighed by entropy excess so that symmetry cannot be spontaneously broken. An archetypal way around the no-go theorems is to augment interaction energy by increasing the range of interaction. Here we introduce new ways around the no-go theorems by investigating entropy depletion instead. We implement this for the Potts model with invisible states. Because spins in such a state do not interact with their surroundings, they contribute to the entropy but not the interaction energy of the system. Reducing the number of invisible states to a negative value decreases the entropy by an amount sufficient to induce a positive-temperature classical phase transition. This approach is complementary to the long-range interaction mechanism. Alternatively, subjecting positive numbers of invisible states to imaginary or complex fields can trigger such a phase transition. We also discuss potential physical realisability of such systems.
Sepsityper® Kit versus In-House Method in Rapid Identification of Bacteria from Positive Blood Cultures by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

In order to further accelerate pathogen identification from positive blood cultures (BC), various sample preparation protocols to identify bacteria with MALDI-TOF MS directly from positive BCs have been developed. We evaluated an in-house method in comparison to the Sepsityper® Kit (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) as well as the benefit of an on-plate formic acid extraction step following positive signal by the BACTECTM FX system. Confirmation of identification was achieved using subcultured growing biomass used for MALDI-TOF MS analysis. A total of 113 monomicrobial positive BCs were analyzed. The rates of Gram-positive bacteria correctly identified to the genus level using in-house method and Sepsityper® Kit were 63.3% (38/60) and 81.7% (49/60), respectively (p = 0.025). Identification rates at species level for Gram-positive bacteria with in-house method and Sepsityper® kit were 30.0% (18/60) and 66.7% (40/60), respectively (p < 0.001). Identification rates of Gram-negative bacteria were similar with the in-house method and Sepsityper® Kit. Additional on-plate formic acid extraction demonstrated significant improvement in the identification rate of Gram-positive bacteria at both genus and species level for both in-house (p = 0.001, p < 0.001) and Sepsityper® Kit methods (p = 0.007, p < 0.001). Our in-house method is a candidate for laboratory routines with Sepsityper® Kit as a back-up solution when identification of Gram-positive bacteria is unsuccessful.