Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous position prediction and intensity correction of quadrant detector-based detection system

A quadrant detector (QD) is a widely used position sensor. By employing ghost imaging, the detector's four-channel output can be multiplexed to simultaneously locate and image a target. However, flaws in the detection system distort the detected laser intensity, which will increase positioning errors and degrade the reconstructed image quality. In this study, based on the spot distribution and detector characteristics, a detection model was established and analyzed. A neural network-based fitting method is proposed to directly predict the spot location and correct the total light intensity with the detector output. The network is constructed and trained with simulated data. The prediction accuracy performance is verified by numerical simulations. This scheme has the potential to improve the localization accuracy and imaging quality of quadrant detector-based detection systems, such as radar and guidance applications.
Reconstructing the Summer Diet of Wolves in a Complex Multi-Ungulate System in Northern Manitoba, Canada

Understanding wolf (Canis lupus) food habits provides critical information for boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou; forest-dwelling ecotype) recovery strategies. By incorporating the stable isotope ratios of different caribou ecotypes into a stable isotope mixing model, I determined the relative importance of boreal woodland caribou in the summer diet of wolves in northern Manitoba, Canada. Boreal woodland caribou were primary summer prey for wolves collected in winter in registered trapline (RTL) districts where these caribou are considered rare, suggesting migratory behaviour in some wolves. Moose were primary prey in other RTL districts, followed by boreal woodland caribou, with beaver providing important contributions. Recovery strategies for woodland caribou should investigate annual wolf, caribou, and moose movement in the region to complement these findings and gain a better insight into this complex ecosystem.
Experimental and numerical investigation of non-submerged flow under a sluice gate

Abstract The problem of sluice gate flow is analyzed using two models: a simplified one, derived according to the concept of the Potential Field (PF), and a more complex form, based on the Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The numerical solution is compared with experimental data, including measurements performed by authors and results acquired from literature. Despite its simplicity, the PF model provides a satisfactory agreement with the measurements. The slightly worse performance of the RANS model comes from an overestimation of energy losses.
Recent advances in the mechanistic modelling of forest stands and catchments

Mechanistic approaches describing the complex processes that underpin forest system dynamics are increasingly required in order to manage forests from a multi-purpose perspective. When describing future forest dynamics the environmental implications of climate change on long-lived organisms such as trees also focus attention on the need to adopt a holistic perspective. In turn, any future perspective has to account for the interacting dynamics of the wider processes resulting from environmental, ecological and land-use change. Therefore considerable understanding of the biological, biophysical and physical processes influencing the life cycle of trees and the forest ecosystem is required to achieve full representation of the system and its dynamics. Sam Evans, Tim Randle, Paul Henshall, Catia Arcangeli, Jennifer Pellenq, Sebastien Lafont and Chris Vials
A source of resistance against yellow mosaic disease in soybeans correlates with a novel mutation in a resistance gene

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is one of the major devastating constraints to soybean production in Pakistan. In the present study, we report the identification of resistant soybean germplasm and a novel mutation linked with disease susceptibility. Diverse soybean germplasm were screened to identify YMD-resistant lines under natural field conditions during 2016-2020. The severity of YMD was recorded based on symptoms and was grouped according to the disease rating scale, which ranges from 0 to 5, and named as highly resistant (HR), moderately resistant (MR), resistant (R), susceptible (S), moderately susceptible (MS), and highly susceptible (HS), respectively. A HR plant named “NBG-SG Soybean” was identified, which showed stable resistance for 5 years (2016-2020) at the experimental field of the National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan, a location that is a hot spot area for virus infection. HS soybean germplasm were also identified as NBG-47 (PI628963), NBG-117 (PI548655), SPS-C1 (PI553045), SPS-C9 (PI639187), and cv. NARC-2021. The YMD adversely affected the yield and a significant difference was found in the potential yield of NBG-SG-soybean (3.46 ± 0.13a t/ha) with HS soybean germplasm NARC-2021 (0.44 ± 0.01c t/ha) and NBG-117 (1.12 ± 0.01d t/ha), respectively. The YMD incidence was also measured each year (2016-2020) and data showed a significant difference in the percent disease incidence in the year 2016 and 2018 and a decrease after 2019 when resistant lines were planted. The resistance in NBG-SG soybean was further confirmed by testing for an already known mutation (SNP at 149th position) for YMD in the Glyma.18G025100 gene of soybean. The susceptible soybean germplasm in the field was found positive for the said mutation. Moreover, an ortholog of the CYR-1 viral resistance gene from black gram was identified in soybean as Glyma.13G194500, which has a novel deletion (28bp/90bp) in the 5`UTR of susceptible germplasm. The characterized soybean lines from this study will assist in starting soybean breeding programs for YMD resistance. This is the first study regarding screening and molecular analysis of soybean germplasm for YMD resistance.
Exponential Smoothing State Space Innovation Model for Forecasting Export Commodity Price Index in Nigeria

Commodity price forecasts play an important role in terms of guidance to economic agents and policymakers in developing countries. This paper focuses on the development of exponential smoothing state space (ETS) innovation models for forecasting monthly export price indexes of four different commodities in Nigeria for the period 2000-2021. The data are secondary and collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. After examining the possible models using the computed information criteria, the results showed that the exponential smoothing state space model (M, Ad, N), (M, N, M), (M, N, M), and (M, N, N) are suitable for forecasting Commodity 1, Commodity 2, Commodity 3, and Commodity 4 respectively.
Three‐dimensional deformation mapping of a dike intrusion event in Sakurajima in 2015 by exploiting the right‐ and left‐looking ALOS‐2 InSAR

One of the limitations of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is its one‐dimensional measurement capability. Although three‐dimensional (3‐D) deformation can be studied if there are three or more measurements with different viewing geometries, it has not been executed because almost all SAR data are acquired using a right‐looking geometry. For the Sakurajima volcanic activity on 15 August 2015, ALOS‐2 conducted SAR observations from four different viewing directions, ascending/descending and right‐/left‐looking, enabling the retrieval of 3‐D deformation data only from the InSAR results. We have retrieved 3‐D deformation with high precision and resolution by a weighted least squares approach. Expansive deformation of over 10 cm has been observed with standard errors of 0.8, 3.4, and 0.7 cm for east‐west, north‐south, and up‐down components, respectively. It is inferred that a dike of 1.7 × 106m3 volume intruded beneath the Showa crater at a depth of 0.4–1.2 km.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IMPLEMENTATION ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AT VIETNAMESE GARMENT ENTERPRISES

To study the impact of implementing social responsibility on the engagement of workers in garment enterprises in Vietnam, the research team collected opinions through a survey of 414 people who are current workers working at garment enterprises in Vietnam, of which the number of valid votes included in the analysis are 409 votes. Data was cleaned and processed using SMARTPLS software. Research results have shown that among the 4 factors considered at a 5% significance level, the factor "Moral Responsibility" (TNDD) has the strongest impact on employee engagement in Vietnamese garment enterprises with an impact level of 0.265; next is the factor "Legal Responsibility " (TNPL) with an impact level of 0.230; the factor "Charity/Humanistic Responsibility" (TNTT) has an impact level of 0.202 and the factor "Economic Responsibility" (TNTT) has an impact level of 0.094. Based on the analysis results, the research team has some discussions to propose measures to help Vietnamese garment enterprises retain skilled workers and improve satisfaction and engagement with the workers' businesses.
Analysis of High Temperature Oxidation Characteristic of Chrome-Plated, Nickel-Plated and Non-Plated Mild Steels

Metals are the best engineering materials owing to their superior conductivity, mechanical properties, and formability. However, they can be highly affected by environmental elements like oxygen, chlorine, etc. This reaction of metals with the environmental elements will indeed alter their electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties. To protect against corrosion, various protection methods such as electroplating have been established. The presence of anodic or cathodic films on the substrate surface protects steel from corrosion damage at ambient atmospheric temperature. This work focuses on the effect of temperature on the oxidative (corrosion) rate of non-plated, nickel-plated, and chrome-plated ASTM A283GC mild steel samples. A temperature range of 200–800 °C and a total heating time of 120 min were considered in this experiment. A temperature-regulated muffle furnace with a maximum heating capacity of 1000 °C has been used. Weight changes were determined every 30 minutes of heating using a digital weight balance with a precision of 0.001 g. The obtained experimental results of non-plated, nickel-plated, and chrome-plated mild steel samples were analyzed and compared with each other. The effect of oxidation on the surface hardness has also been studied with the help of a Vickers hardness testing machine. Changes in the physical nature of the samples caused by oxidation were also observed and pictured using a camera.
A more grounded view of ‘farmer entrepreneurship’: how Zimbabwean smallholder farmers fundamentally differ in their entrepreneurial behaviours

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the entrepreneurial behaviours exhibited by commercial smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, focusing on their socio-economic characteristics, and considers their implication for outcomes of livelihood resilience in a resource-constrained and turbulent rural context. Design/methodology/approach The study used survey data collected from 430 smallholder farmers in Masvingo province, Zimbabwe. Using a two-step cluster analysis, the study constructed a typology of farmers based on their entrepreneurial behaviour and socio-economic characteristics. Findings The results revealed that commercial smallholder farmers are heterogeneous in terms of their entrepreneurial behaviours. Four clusters were identified: non-entrepreneurial, goal-driven, means-driven and ambidextrous. Beyond their entrepreneurial behaviours, these clusters significantly differ in the socio-economic characterises (gender, age, education levels, farm size, proximity to the market and social connection) and farm performance (seasonal sales per hectare and farm income per hectare). Research limitations/implications The typology framework relating farmers’ entrepreneurial behaviours to their socio-economic characteristics and business performance is important to tailor and therefore improve the effectiveness of farmer entrepreneurship programmes and policies. In particular, tailoring farmer entrepreneurship education is crucial to distribute land, finance and market resources in purposive ways to promote a combination of smallholder farmers’ effectual and causal behaviours at an early stage of their farm ventures. Originality/value Researchers still know little about which farmers’ behaviours are entrepreneurial and how these behaviours manifest in action during their commercial farm activities. This research leverages effectuation and causation theory to unveil previously overlooked distinctions on farmers’ entrepreneurial behaviours, thereby enhancing a more grounded understanding of farmer entrepreneurship in a resource-constrained context.
First shotgun metagenomics study of Juan de Fuca deep-sea sediments reveals distinct microbial communities above, within, between, and below sulfate methane transition zones

The marine deep subsurface is home to a vast microbial ecosystem, affecting biogeochemical cycles on a global scale. One of the better-studied deep biospheres is the Juan de Fuca (JdF) Ridge, where hydrothermal fluid introduces oxidants into the sediment from below, resulting in two sulfate methane transition zones (SMTZs). In this study, we present the first shotgun metagenomics study of unamplified DNA from sediment samples from different depths in this stratified environment. Bioinformatic analyses showed a shift from a heterotrophic, Chloroflexota-dominated community above the upper SMTZ to a chemolithoautotrophic Proteobacteria-dominated community below the secondary SMTZ. The reintroduction of sulfate likely enables respiration and boosts active cells that oxidize acetate, iron, and complex carbohydrates to degrade dead biomass in this low-abundance, low-diversity environment. In addition, analyses showed many proteins of unknown function as well as novel metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The study provides new insights into microbial communities in this habitat, enabled by an improved DNA extraction protocol that allows a less biased view of taxonomic composition and metabolic activities, as well as uncovering novel taxa. Our approach presents the first successful attempt at unamplified shotgun sequencing samples from beyond 50 meters below the seafloor and opens new ways for capturing the true diversity and functional potential of deep-sea sediments.
The Use Of Youtube Channel For Improving The Student’s Self Confident On Speaking At MA AL-WASHLIYAH 67

The aim of this research was to to analyze the effect of Using YouTube Channel’s media on students’s self confident in speaking at the tenth grade of MA Al Washliyah 67 Pematangsiantar. in the academic year 2021/2022. This research used quantitative approach with true experimental design. The data were obtained by using pretest and posttest. The data of the pretest and post- test of both groups were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics (SPSS 26.0). The result of the research shows that the testing hypothesis of posttest scores was found that tcount = 7.837> ttable = 1.699 at the significance level a = 0.05 and degrees of freedom (df) = 29. So, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. It means that the Using of YouTube Channel media effect significantly on student self confident in speaking at MA Al Washliyah 67 Pematangsiantar in academic year 2021/2022
The Significance of Industry 5.0 in the Globalization of Supply Chain Management

In today's rapidly evolving global business landscape, the convergence of Industry 5.0 and the globalization process of supply chain management has emerged as a pivotal driver of competitiveness and sustainability for organizations worldwide. This paper delves into the critical importance of Industry 5.0 in reshaping the dynamics of supply chain management on a global scale.Industry 5.0 represents the latest phase in the ongoing industrial revolution, characterized by the seamless integration of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics, and Cyber-Physical Systems. This transformation transcends traditional boundaries by fostering unprecedented levels of connectivity, intelligence, and automation across industrial processes. Globalization, on the other hand, has redefined supply chain management by expanding market reach, reducing costs, and enhancing access to diverse resources and markets. The interplay between globalization and Industry 5.0 introduces a new paradigm in supply chain management that demands exploration.
A Novel Joint Training Model for Knowledge Base Question Answering

In knowledge base question answering (KBQA) systems, relation detection and entity recognition are two core components. However, since the relation detection in KBQA contains thousands of relations and this task always becomes a zero-shot learning task due to the relations in some test samples while they have not appeared in training data, relation detection is more difficult than entity recognition. In addition, previous studies only considered these two tasks separately and did not take full advantage of their correlation. This article proposes a novel relation and entity joint extraction framework, named Gated-Attention-based Joint Training Model (Ga-JTM), to integrate relation detection and entity recognition. In addition, to train the two models simultaneously, a knowledge-driven gated unit based on a multi-head attention mechanism is designed. It combines the knowledge graph embeddings and the current context semantic information to process relation detection and entity recognition tasks, respectively. The experiments are conducted on a single-relation dataset (SimpleQuestions) and a multiple-relation dataset (WebQSP), and the experimental results demonstrate that our Ga-JTM is superior to the state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance of relation detection and can improve the performance of entity recognition and entity linking. Finally, these improvements contribute to the SOTA performance in our KBQA system.
What a thousand children tell us about grammatical complexity and working memory: A cross-sectional analysis on the comprehension of clitics and passives in Italian

Abstract Data from 996 Italian-speaking children were collected and analyzed to assess whether a movement-based notion of grammatical complexity is adequate to capture the developmental trend of clitics and passives in Italian. A second goal of the study was to address the relationship between working memory and syntactic development, exploring the hypothesis that higher digit span values predict better comprehension of complex matrix sentences. The results confirm the validity of a ranking of grammatical structures based on constituent movement, with both clitics and passives developing in parallel and later than canonical SVO sentences. Working memory also shows an effect on sentence comprehension in general, but standard measures (digit span forward/backward) do not show a selective advantage in handling complex constructions such as clitics and passives.
"¡Yo soy Aymara, yo soy calle!" : a study of young people re-imagining indigeneity and resisting marginalisation in El Alto, Bolivia

This thesis explores the new self-narratives which are currently being created by young altenos with experience of living and/or working on the streets. These young people are projecting their visions for the future and challenging their marginal status by going back to their roots, looking to the history, myths, legends and practices of their ancestors for inspiration. They are constantly affirming and reaffirming their connections both to the older generations and to Pachamama (Mother Earth). These connections, rather than being threatened by the urbanity of their present existence, are actually enhanced by it. Specifically, this thesis addresses the creativity employed by young altenos as they make a claim to modernity through working as shoe-shiners, conducting rituals such as the ch'alla to Pachamama, participating in festivals to create collectivity and belonging, and politicising indigenous culture in hip-hop at La Casa Juvenil de las Culturas Wayna Tambo in El Alto. This thesis explores the hopes and ambitions of young altenos; the ways they conceive of the future. Whilst it is true that the Presidency of Evo Morales has acted as a catalyst in the processes of re-evaluation of indigenous culture currently underway in Bolivia, this thesis proposes that, in the case of young people in El Alto, they do not merely accept his authority, but are constantly questioning, challenging and - where necessary - opposing, the changes introduced. Therefore, this thesis investigates the ways in which young altenos navigate and re-imagine categories of “indigeneity,” “authenticity” and “modernity” - how they affect and are affected by them in their everyday lives. It asks what it means to be young and Aymara today, in El Alto, and argues that there is no contradiction being both 'Aymara' and 'Street. ' In using a youth-centred methodology, this thesis aims to give a direct voice to these young people and weight to their claims as agents of change in contemporary Bolivia.
Experimental Comparison of UAV-Based RSSI and AoA Localization

Localization of ground transmitters using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a research field teeming with activity. While most experimental UAV-based localization systems in the literature use measures of signal strength, we take a novel approach, proposing an angle of arrival (AoA)-based system. We present a prototype that uses a 2 × 2 antenna array connected to a set of four coherent receivers based on software-defined radios. Furthermore, we provide a comparison of a classical RSSI-based ranging approach to a pure AoA-based approach using the 2-D distance ranging error as a common metric.
Recent Developments in Ultrafine Shape Memory Alloys Using Amorphous Precursors

In this review, we systematically reviewed the recent advances in the development of ultrafine shape memory alloys with unique shape memory effects and superelastic behavior using amorphous metallic materials. Its scientific contribution involves defining and expanding the range of fabrication methods for single-phase ultrafine/nanocrystalline alloys with multicomponent systems. In multicomponent amorphous alloys, the crystallization mechanism depends on the alloy composition and is a selectable factor in the alloy designing method, considering the thermodynamic and physical parameters of constituent elements. The crystallization kinetics can be controlled by modulating the annealing condition in a supercooled liquid state with consideration of the crystalline temperature of the amorphous alloys. The phase stability of austenite and martensite phases in ultrafine shape memory alloys developed from amorphous precursors is determined according to alloy composition and grain size, which strongly influence the shape memory effect and superelastic behavior. A methodological framework is subsequently suggested to develop the ultrafine shape memory alloys based on the systematic alloy designing method, which can be considered an important strategy for developing novel ultrafine/nanocrystalline shape memory alloys with excellent shape memory and superelastic effects.