Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Angry Condition based on EEG, Speech and Heartbeat

This paper determines the angry emotion condition by analyzing and recognizing speech signal, EEG signal, as well as detecting the heartbeat. For the speech analyzing experiment, several digital signal processing methods such as autocorrelation and linear predication technique was introduced to analyze the features. Then, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to classify each parameter features such as mean fundamental frequency, maximum fundamental frequency, standard deviation fundamental frequency, mean amplitude, pause length ratio and first formant frequency to recognize the emotion. For the EEG analysis, the raw EEG signal was undergone preprocessing to remove the artifacts to minimal. Some features as mean, standard deviation, the peak amplitude, the peak amplitude in alpha band (PAA) and the peak frequency in alpha band (PAF) of the EEG signals were extracted. The selected features were classified by using ANN to obtain the maximum classification accuracy rate. Meanwhile, a heartbeat monitoring circuit was developed to measure the heartbeat. The result showed that angry emotion has relatively low condition in mean value, maximum peak amplitude and relatively high peak frequency in alpha band (PAF) of the EEG signals. The mean fundamental frequency, standard deviation fundamental frequency and mean intensity of the speech signal are good in determining the angry emotion. This method can be used further to recognize angry emotion of patient during counseling session.
Seeing in the dark: vision and visual behaviour in nocturnal bees and wasps

SUMMARY In response to the pressures of predation, parasitism and competition for limited resources, several groups of (mainly) tropical bees and wasps have independently evolved a nocturnal lifestyle. Like their day-active (diurnal) relatives, these insects possess apposition compound eyes, a relatively light-insensitive eye design that is best suited to vision in bright light. Despite this, nocturnal bees and wasps are able to forage at night, with many species capable of flying through a dark and complex forest between the nest and a foraging site, a behaviour that relies heavily on vision and is limited by light intensity. In the two best-studied species – the Central American sweat bee Megalopta genalis (Halictidae) and the Indian carpenter bee Xylocopa tranquebarica (Apidae) – learned visual landmarks are used to guide foraging and homing. Their apposition eyes, however, have only around 30 times greater optical sensitivity than the eyes of their closest diurnal relatives, a fact that is apparently inconsistent with their remarkable nocturnal visual abilities. Moreover, signals generated in the photoreceptors, even though amplified by a high transduction gain, are too noisy and slow to transmit significant amounts of information in dim light. How have nocturnal bees and wasps resolved these paradoxes? Even though this question remains to be answered conclusively, a mounting body of theoretical and experimental evidence suggests that the slow and noisy visual signals generated by the photoreceptors are spatially summed by second-order monopolar cells in the lamina, a process that could dramatically improve visual reliability for the coarser and slower features of the visual world at night.
A Rigorous, Compositional, and Extensible Framework for Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis

Fault trees (FTs) are among the most prominent formalisms for reliability analysis of technical systems. Dynamic FTs extend FTs with support for expressing dynamic dependencies among components. The standard analysis vehicle for DFTs is state-based, and treats the model as a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC). This is not always possible, as we will explain, since some DFTs allow multiple interpretations. This paper introduces a rigorous semantic interpretation of DFTs. The semantics is defined in such a way that the semantics of a composite DFT arises in a transparent manner from the semantics of its components. This not only eases the understanding of how the FT building blocks interact. It is also a key to alleviate the state explosion problem. By lifting a classical aggregation strategy to our setting, we can exploit the DFT structure to build the smallest possible Markov chain representation of the system. The semantics - as well as the aggregation and analysis engine is implemented in a tool, called CORAL. We show by a number of realistic and complex systems that this methodology achieves drastic reductions in the state space.
Intestinal epithelial hyperpermeability: update on the pathogenesis of gut mucosal barrier dysfunction in critical illness

Purpose of reviewTight junctions between adjacent epithelial cells are essential for the maintenance of compositionally distinct fluid compartments in various organs, such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, and intestine. These epithelial organs are commonly affected in the condition known as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, which can complicate the clinical course of patients with sepsis or other conditions associated with poorly controlled systemic inflammation. The gut serves as a useful model for this problem, and studies using reductionist in vitro models and experiments carried out using laboratory animals are starting to clarify the cellular and biochemical mechanisms that are responsible for intestinal epithelial hyperpermeability secondary to critical illness. Recent findingsOne key factor that has been identified is excessive production of nitric oxide and related species, although other factors, such as increased expression of the cytokine interleukin 6, appear to be important as well. A newly described, cytokine-like molecule, high-mobility group B1, increases permeability of cultured epithelial monolayers in vitro and murine ileal mucosa in vivo. SummaryEpithelial dysfunction may be a common final pathway contributing to organ dysfunction in sepsis and other forms of critical illness.
SIP Spam Detection

The SIP protocol has been showing for the last few years a strong acceptance by the market. Through a large row of services, in particular VoIP calls and instant messaging (IM), SIP has become ubiquitous in the public communications as well as the corporated ones. As a new emerging standard, SIP certainly is the target of spam attacks which refer to unsolicited VoIP calls and IM messages. Before SIP spam becomes a real threat for the SIP users communities, its detection has to be so far a necessary component of our online security and privacy protection. In this paper, we investigate two complete solutions for detecting SIP spam. The first solution is based on the reputation concept and has origins in social networks. However, the second one reflects the payment at risk idea. For this technique, we propose a lightweight architecture that requires only slight changes in the existing infrastructures
The Costs of Attaining the Millennium Development Goals

Using two different approaches, the World Bank estimates that, if countries improve their policies and institutions, the additional foreign aid required to reach the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 is between $40-$60 billion a year. This estimate is consistent with other agencies’ estimates of the costs of achieving individual goals, such as those for education and health. By itself, this additional aid will not be sufficient to attain the goals, as many countries will have to reform their policies and improve service delivery to make the additional spending effective.
Size-selective Concentration of Chondrules and Other Small Particles in Protoplanetary Nebula Turbulence

Size-selective concentration of particles in a weakly turbulent protoplanetary nebula may be responsible for the initial collection of chondrules and other constituents into primitive body precursors. This paper presents the main elements of this process of turbulent concentration. In the terrestrial planet region, both the characteristic size and size distribution of chondrules are explained. "Fluffier" particles would be concentrated in nebula regions that were at a lower gas density and/or more intensely turbulent. The spatial distribution of concentrated particle density obeys multifractal scaling, suggesting a close tie to the turbulent cascade process. This scaling behavior allows predictions of the probability distributions for concentration in the protoplanetary nebula to be made. Large concentration factors (>105) are readily obtained, implying that numerous zones of particle density significantly exceeding the gas density could exist. If most of the available solids were actually in chondrule-sized particles, the ensuing particle mass density would become so large that the feedback effects on gas turbulence due to mass loading could no longer be neglected. This paper describes the process, presenting its basic elements and some implications, without including the effects of mass loading.
Adipokines: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Vascular Dysfunction in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

Adipokines are bioactive molecules that regulate several physiological functions such as energy balance, insulin sensitization, appetite regulation, inflammatory response, and vascular homeostasis. They include proinflammatory cytokines such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as adiponectin, as well as vasodilator and vasoconstrictor molecules. In obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin resistance causes impairment of the endocrine function of the perivascular adipose tissue, an imbalance in the secretion of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator molecules, and an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have shown that targeting plasma levels of adipokines or the expression of their receptors can increase insulin sensitivity, improve vascular function, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several reviews have discussed the potential of adipokines as therapeutic targets for type II DM and obesity; however, this review is the first to focus on their therapeutic potential for vascular dysfunction in type II DM and obesity.
Data Is the New Currency

Data is growing. We are all aware of this in the IT industry, it is a common mantra. The elephant in the room is the ownership of that data and the use of that data. As with many new technologies, its legal and personal implications are not well understood until the technology has matured. Data ownership has by default resided with organisations that hold the data; utility companies, websites, retailers and data aggregators and brokers. If data could be owned by the people it identifies, the data handlers would have to pay to use that data for sales and marketing purposes. We are not suggesting payment would be the mostly illusory free services and hidden discounts that are the current answer but real money or an asset that can be bartered or purchased. If even the poorest people can gain an income this would revolutionise personal finance for those who register on the web either for purchases or to make their name available for use. We propose such a revolution in data ownership and urge all data generators to establish their rights to a business asset that they frequently gift to already wealthy organisations. Don't be a mere generator of data, become a personal data aggregator, collecting and controlling all your data. Time to man the barricades against entities who are using your data for their profit and pleasure, not yours.
Seed Structure Characteristics to Form Ultrahigh Oil Content in Rapeseed

Background Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop in the world, and increasing its oil content is a major breeding goal. The studies on seed structure and characteristics of different oil content rapeseed could help us to understand the biological mechanism of lipid accumulation, and be helpful for rapeseed breeding. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we report on the seed ultrastructure of an ultrahigh oil content rapeseed line YN171, whose oil content is 64.8%, and compared with other high and low oil content rapeseed lines. The results indicated that the cytoplasms of cotyledon, radicle, and aleuronic cells were completely filled with oil and protein bodies, and YN171 had a high oil body organelle to cell area ratio for all cell types. In the cotyledon cells, oil body organelles comprised 81% of the total cell area in YN171, but only 53 to 58% in three high oil content lines and 33 to 38% in three low oil content lines. The high oil body organelle to cotyledon cell area ratio and the cotyledon ratio in seed were the main reasons for the ultrahigh oil content of YN171. The correlation analysis indicated that oil content is significantly negatively correlated with protein content, but is not correlated with fatty acid composition. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that the oil content of YN171 could be enhanced by increasing the oil body organelle to cell ratio for some cell types. The oil body organelle to seed ratio significantly highly positively correlates with oil content, and could be used to predict seed oil content. Based on the structural analysis of different oil content rapeseed lines, we estimate the maximum of rapeseed oil content could reach 75%. Our results will help us to screen and identify high oil content lines in rapeseed breeding.
Application of Agile Requirement Engineering in Modest-Sized Information Systems Development

Agile requirement engineering aims at applying agile thoughts to traditional requirement engineering. It is the optimization and improvement of traditional requirement engineering, getting it fit to the continuous changes of requirements. This paper contrasts the agile requirement engineering and the traditional one, studies how agile requirement engineering practices could be applied to modest-sized information systems development, and finally takes “Wensum Online” as an example to analyze the practical application of it.
Modulational instability in a communication link exploiting a negative nonlinearity for compensation of self-phase modulation

In optical communication systems, the technique of alternating dispersion is commonly used as a way to counteract the dispersive pulse broadening. The main limitations, in terms of bit-rate, then come from the fiber Kerr nonlinearity acting through self-phase modulation and four-wave mixing [1]. The recently introduced method of "dispersion management", where the dispersion compensation is only partial, appears as a very promising approach for coping with this problem (for a recent review, see [2]). It might still be worth, though, exploring alternatives such as the one suggesting that, besides alternating the sign of the dispersion parameter, one might also alternate the sign of the nonlinearity [3]. Similar, in some respect, to optical phase conjugation, this method would ensure the perfect restoration of a distorted pulse by passing it through a medium characterized by a dispersion parameter of opposite sign and exhibiting a negative nonlinearity (n2 < 0). A simplified and approximate version of this compensation scheme is illustrated in Fig.1. A material with a negative n2 (e.g. a semiconductor or a χ(2):χ(2) cascaded system) is inserted symmetrically between two gratings or two compensating fibers. Besides being more suitable to an experimental testing, this split compensator has been shown, through numerical simulations, to be effective in minimizing the impact of fiber nonlinearities on the quality of the transmitted signal in a long-haul communication system [4]. However, extensive numerical work also gives to think that, as with dispersion-managed systems [5,6], this compensation scheme might be subject to a modulation instability (MI). This paper presents a linear stability analysis which confirms this observation.
Automatic prediction of tumour malignancy in breast cancer with fractal dimension

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer today in women. The main avenue of diagnosis is through manual examination of histopathology tissue slides. Such a process is often subjective and error-ridden, suffering from both inter- and intraobserver variability. Our objective is to develop an automatic algorithm for analysing histopathology slides free of human subjectivity. Here, we calculate the fractal dimension of images of numerous breast cancer slides, at magnifications of 40×, 100×, 200× and 400×. Using machine learning, specifically, the support vector machine (SVM) method, the F1 score for classification accuracy of the 40× slides was found to be 0.979. Multiclass classification on the 40× slides yielded an accuracy of 0.556. A reduction of the size and scope of the SVM training set gave an average F1 score of 0.964. Taken together, these results show great promise in the use of fractal dimension to predict tumour malignancy.
A Unified Record Linkage Strategy for Web Service Data

Record linkage, also known as duplicate detection, is a key process that ensures the quality of data stored for Web service data. Given two lists of records, record linkage consists of determining all pairs that are similar to each other, where the overall similarity between two records is defined based on domain-specific similarities over individual attributes constituting the record. In this paper, we present a unified framework for recognizing clusters of near-duplicate records of multi-language data, specially for Chinese/English mixed Web data. The key ideas are: (1)Pre-processing multi-language data Using Chinese words segmentation and Chinese named entity recognition techniques; (2) Pair-wise comparison method based on domain- specific similarities, especially, the string kernel method; (3)a priority queue of duplicate clusters and representative records strategy to respond adaptively to the data scale. Experiments on real databases show that the proposed recode linkage strategy is efficiency and effectiveness.
Commentary: SES, ethnicity and goodness-of-fit in clinician-parent communication during pediatric cancer trials.

leukemia. In particular, their findings should encourage other investigators to evaluate the multidimensional factors influencing whether parental permission for children’s participation in cancer trials is informed, rationale, and voluntary. First, they selected sites that enabled examination of ICC assets and barriers posed by parent socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Second, they developed a model to test previously unexamined causal links among parent demographics, clinician communication styles, parental questions during the ICC, and parental emotional reactions to and understanding of ICC communication about pediatric cancer trials. Third, they used a multi-method approach to provide both contemporaneous behavioral and retrospective attitudinal data relevant to the effectiveness of the ICC. Finally, drawing upon previous measures of clinician efficacy and parental distress, they operationalized partnership building, rapport building, information-giving, and informationseeking into measurable clinician and parent behaviors and obtained quantifiable self-reports of parental anxiety and control. Their approach is a model of theory testing that takes into account the contributions of both parent and clinician factors to family understanding and anxiety following informed consent.
System of Systems and Emergence Part 1: Principles and Framework

The paper is in two parts and in Part (1) attempts to formalise the loose concept of "System of Systems" (SoS) within the context of Systems Theory whilst in Part (2) explores and develops a conceptual framework for emergence that is suitable for further development. We view the notion of SoS as an evolution of the standard notion of systems and provide an abstract and generic definition that is detached from the particular domain. To achieve this we deal first with the abstraction of the fundamental components of the system, describe the different aspects of the structure of a composite system and then embark on the task to explain the difference of the new notion, to the standard notion of Composite Systems. We present a new abstract definition of the notion of System of Systems as an evolution of the notion of Composite Systems, empowered by the concept of autonomy and participation in tasks referred to as plays which are usually linked to games. The notion of the play is introduced as an extension of the notion of the system and involves the notion of autonomous agents in place of objects and the notion of scenario in place of interconnection topology. This new definition characterises SoS as a development of the Composite System notion where now the subsystems act as autonomous intelligent agents in a multi-agent system play based on a scenario that possibly involves a game. The notion of emergence is considered within both the framework of Composite and SoS and it is linked to the problem of defining functions on a given system and evaluating their values. The emergence is thus presented as the defining signature of a system including System of Systems.
Interval training based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold increases cardiac vagal modulation and decreases high-sensitivity c-reative protein: randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity are involved in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise training has been shown to confer a cardiovascular benefit. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects that interval training (IT) based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) has on heart rate variability (HRV) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, as well as the relationship between both levels, in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors (RF). METHOD Forty-two men (aged 57.88±6.20 years) were divided into two training groups, CAD-T (n= 12) and RF-T (n= 10), and two control groups, CAD-C (n= 10) and RF-C (n=10). Heart rate and RR intervals in the supine position, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and hs-CRP levels were measured before and after IT. HRV was analyzed by spectral and symbolic analysis. The CAD-T and RF-T underwent a 16-week IT program of three weekly sessions at training intensities based on the VAT. RESULTS In the RF-T, cardiac sympathetic modulation index and hs-CRP decreased (p<0.02), while cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased (p<0.02). In the CAD-T, cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased, while hs-CRP, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures decreased (p<0.02). Both control groups showed increase in hs-CRP parameters (p<0.02). There was a strong and significant association between parasympathetic and sympathetic modulations with hs-CRP. CONCLUSION The IT program based on the VAT promoted a decrease in hs-CRP associated with improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation.
Novel rotor structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor with rare earth and ferrite magnets

Rare earth magnets are used for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), and they are expensive. Therefore, we have tried to design a PMSM that can reduce the rare earth magnet. A basic model and two developed models are shown in this paper. The basic model uses only rare earth magnet in the rotor. The developed models use rare earth and also ferrite magnets to reduce the rare earth magnet by more than 50 %, and have three-dimensional structures. The analysis is carried out by the simulation software using a finite element method. As a result, one of the developed models shows the torque of 96.3 % for the basic model.
The President and Protest: Hoover, MacArthur, and the Bonus Riot

Lisio re-examines the events surrounding the 1932 Bonus March on Hoover's White House by outraged veterans. Included is an incisive look at the protective motives of Hoover himself and how the president came to be vilified for the actions of MacArthur. The general's retaliation against the veterans was based on a supposed communist threat - which subsequent investigation failed to confirm - yet Hoover could never extract himself politically from the storm of controversy following the event.