Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“I Carry the Trauma and Can Vividly Remember”: Mental Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Frontline Health Care Workers in South Africa

We know from research that pandemics and disease outbreaks expose HCWs to an increased risk of short and long-term psychosocial and occupational impacts. We conducted qualitative research among 44 frontline health care workers (FHCWs) practicing in seven South African hospitals and clinics. FHCWs were interviewed on their experiences of working during the first-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and its perceived impact on their wellness. In this study, FHCWs included the non-medical and medical professionals in direct contact with COVID-19 patients, providing health care and treatment services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the FHCWs reported stressful and traumatic experiences relating to being exposed to a deadly virus and working in an emotionally taxing environment. They reported depression, anxiety, traumatic stress symptoms, demoralization, sleep difficulties, poor functioning, increased irritability and fear of being infected or dying from COVID-19. The mental health impacts of COVID-19 on HCWs were also associated with increased poor physical wellbeing, including fatigue, burnout, headache, and chest-pains. FHCWs reported professional commitment and their faith as critical intrinsic motivators that fostered adaptive coping while working on the frontline during the first-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many alluded to gaps in workplace psychosocial support which they perceived as crucial for coping mentally. The findings point to a need to prioritize interventions to promote mental wellness among FHCWs to ensure the delivery of quality healthcare to patients during pandemics or deadly disease outbreaks.
Lifestyle Changes Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle among Older Thai Adults – A Focus Group Study

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to explore experiences of applying the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle among older Thai adults. A qualitative research approach was used based on focus group interviews with eight male and five female participants aged 62–78 years old. Data was analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The findings presented how older adults set, carried out, and adjusted their own lifestyle change plans to enhance active aging. Although participants experienced difficulties at first, learning during the group process following the PDSA steps became easier. Support from the moderator during meetings, as well as family during the execution of their plans at home ensured successful application of the PDSA cycle. The PDSA cycle encouraged participants to be concerned about their health, something they themselves found beneficial. This tool will be useful to apply in health practice and policy when performing group activities to enhance active aging.
Effect of Conversion Efficiency on Gamma-Ray Burst Energy

Beaming effect makes it possible that gamma-ray bursts have a standard energy, but the gamma-ray energy release is sensitive to some parameters. Our attention is focused on the effect of the gamma ray conversion efficiency ( \ eta γ ), which may range between 0.01 and 0.9, and which probably has a random value for different GRBs under certain conditions. Making use of the afterglow data from the literature, we carried out a complete correction to the conical opening angle formula. Within the framework of the conical jet model, we ran a simple Monte Carlo simulation for random values of \ eta γ , and found that the gamma-ray energy release is narrowly clustered, whether we use a constant value of \ eta γ or random values for different gamma-ray bursts.
Predicting cloud‐droplet effective radius and indirect sulphate aerosol forcing using a general circulation model

Various methods for predicting cloud-droplet effective radius in the Hadley Centre general circulation model are compared with aircraft and satellite retrievals, and are used to estimate the indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulphate aerosols since the beginning of the industrial era. The effects both of different parametrization approaches and of different input sulphate data sets are examined; however, there is no clear evidence to prefer either of the two sulphate data sets used in the study. Two of the parametrizations generate distributions of present-day effective radius which are similar to each other and compare favourably with observations, yet provide very different estimates of the indirect effect, ranging from −0.5 to −1.5 W m−2 in the global annual mean. A sensitivity experiment in which it is assumed that droplet concentrations are not determined by sulphate concentrations in continental air reduces this global-mean forcing to −0.3 to −0.8 W m−2. This sensitivity demonstrates the need for a much better understanding of the link between sulphate aerosol mass concentrations, cloud condensation nuclei, and cloud-droplet number concentrations.
Assessment of non‐polynomial shear deformation theories for the free vibration and transient analysis of plates with functionally‐graded materials supported on an elastic foundation

In this article, various non‐polynomial higher‐order shear deformation theories are applied for the first time to analyze the free vibration and transient responses of plates with functionally graded material (FGM) supported on an elastic foundation. The shear deformation theories account for the non‐linear variation of the transverse shear strains with various warping functions, namely trigonometric, inverse hyperbolic, and inverse trigonometric ones. These models also inherently satisfy the traction‐free boundary conditions of transverse shear stresses at the top and bottom surfaces of the plates and do not require any shear correction factor. A two‐parameter model, namely Winkler‐Pasternak's elastic foundation model, is utilized to develop the interaction between the FGM plates and the elastic medium. The governing equations of motion are obtained using Hamilton's principle and solved analytically using Navier's solution scheme. Furthermore, the transient responses of the plates are obtained using Newmark's average acceleration method. The applicability of the present theories is established by solving several numerical problems and validating the results with the solutions available in the literature. The effects of various parameters like span‐thickness ratios, aspect ratios, gradation coefficients, mechanical loads, and foundation stiffness on the fundamental frequencies and the transient responses of the plates are thoroughly investigated. The comparison of the results reveals the efficiency of the non‐polynomial functions, and the capability of efficient prediction of the structural responses of the FGM plates at a similar computational cost compared to established models in the literature. Furthermore, the results show that the stiffness of the elastic foundation can tweak the stiffness characteristics of the FGM plate resulting in significant changes in the natural frequencies and more controlled displacement‐time responses.
Global Synchronization of Chaotic Delayed Neural Networks via a Novel Hybrid Event-Trigger Scheme

In this paper, a novel exponential-decaying-based hybrid event-trigger scheme (EDBHETS) is proposed to investigate the global synchronization problem of chaotic delayed neural networks (NNs). By virtue of the EDBHETS, not only can the trigger count be effectively decreased, but also the Zeno behavior can be eliminated naturally. Then, a sampling-interval-dependent Lyapunov functional is constructed for the synchronization control system. In view of the continuous-time Lyapunov stability theory as well as a series of inequality estimation approaches, two sufficient and less conservative synchronization criteria are carried out. Additionally, a combined design for the EDBHETS-based controller gain and trigger matrix is carried out. Lastly, some comparison results are given to validate the feasibility and advantages of the devised EDBHETS.
Observational studies of pre-main-sequence evolution.

Optical scanner data from 4270 to 6710 A with a resolution of 7 A have been obtained for some 600 H.cap alpha. emission stars listed in the compilation of T Tauri stars by Herbig and Rao and in the original H.cap alpha. surveys. These are used to obtain spectral types, reddening corrections, and emission-line strengths and are combined with infrared broad-band measurements out to 3.5 . mu.m to provide bolometric luminosities and effective temperatures. H-R diagrams are presented for the Taurus-Auriga complex, Orion, NGC 2264, NGC 7000/IC 5070, and the rho Ophiuchi association. The following conclusions are reached: Most H.cap alpha. emission stars lie on convective tracks in the H-R diagram, and their distribution does not correspond to any published dynamical evolutionary tracks. Most H.cap alpha. emission stars are of spectra type late K and luminosity class between III and V. Radii and masses derived from the H-R diagram lie between 1 and 5 R/sub sun/ and between 0.2 and 3 M/sub sun/, respectively. The value of d (log N)/d (log M) ranges from -1.35 to -2.9 and for the three best-observed groups is consistent with the -1.35 of the Salpeter initial mass function. Star formation is not coeval on amore » time scale of less than a10/sup 4/to approx.6 x 10/sup 6/ years. The overall efficiency of star formation is approx.10%. 6. The bulk of the extinction occurs within the dark clouds rather than in circumstellar envelopes. High-mass stars may therefore form preferentially in the dense cores of clouds, and low-mass stars may form throughout the cloud. It is very likely that all close pairs of T Tauri stars are binaries. « less
Methods for the detection of Zonal Flows using one-point and two-point turbulence measurements

The sensitivity of two numerical methods for the detection of zonal flows, especially geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs), through the movement of turbulence eddies is studied. One of them is the widely used time delay estimation method which determines a propagation time delay between two measurement points. The second technique is based on analyzing movements of the minimum in the autocorrelation function of a single measurement signal (ACFM method). The applicability of both methods is analyzed in detail in terms of time resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and velocity modulation amplitude. It is found that both methods exhibit a broadband noise spectrum in the calculated velocity from inherent statistical reasons and they also underestimate the RMS velocity modulation amplitude by at least a factor of two, even under noise-free conditions. Their sensitivity to GAMs ceases below an SNR of about 2. These methods are applied to measurement signals obtained in Ohmic plasmas using correlation reflectometry, lithium beam emission spectroscopy (Li-BES) and probe diagnostics on the TEXTOR tokamak. The equivalence of the two methods is shown under these conditions experimentally. The availability of both methods considerably widens the possibility to detect zonal flows therefore the phase relationship between velocity modulations, related to GAMs, can be determined at both poloidally and toroidally well separated locations. A toroidally and poloidally symmetric m = 0, n = 0 velocity modulation and a coherent π/2 out of phase electron density modulation is found with odd poloidal mode number, as predicted by theory.
Comparing maximum likelihood estimation and constrained Tikhonov-Miller restoration

The authors have compared the performance of the EM-MLE and ICTM restorations applied to confocal images. Both methods greatly reduce diffraction-induced distortions of confocal images. Due to their nonlinearity, both are able (partially) to restore data of missing frequencies. From the authors' experiments, it is clear that for their test objects, the EM-MLE algorithm performs much better than ICTM. The EM-MLE algorithm produces better results under all the conditions the authors tested, and with respect to all 3 performance measures (I-Divergence, MSE, GDT) the authors used. Only for high SNR conditions, the MSE performance of ICTM approaches the EM-MLE results. It must be noted that this conclusion is only valid for the type of objects the authors used in their experiments (sparse objects); it may well be that for more dense objects, the situation is different. The poor ICTM performance shows that its functional is not well suited for images distorted with Poisson noise. The authors did not find artifacts such as ringing in the results of either algorithm. The restoration results on the cylindrical objects show, however, that the EM-MLE algorithm has a tendency to reconstruct an image that is sharper and smaller than the original object. This aspect of EM-MLE should be investigated thoroughly. Greander's method of Sieves (1991) seems promising for regularizing the EM-MLE algorithm. Finally, to reduce the computational burden of ICTM and EM-MLE, methods to speed up these algorithms should be investigated more fully.
Critical review on refractive surgical lasers

The current status of refractive surgical lasers (including excimer and nonexcimer lasers) is reviewed with an emphasis on photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The correlation of engineering parameters and the clinical requirements with optimal conditions are presented. The fundamentals of corneal reshaping with formulas for ablation profiles and the advantages of the multizone method are discussed. Updated information on the Mini-Excimer PRK laser system, with an emphasis on the scanning delivery device, is presented. PMMA ablation profiles performed by standard diaphragm and scanning modes are compared for surface ablation quality. Scanning mode ablation patterns for myopia, hyperopia, and regular and irregular astigmatism are presented.
Fuzzy Model-Based Fault Detection Approach for Nonlinear Control Processes

The key objective of this work is to deal with the fault detection issues for a general type of nonlinear control processes. Firstly, the approximation of the nonlinear process is studied based on a set of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems. Then, a fuzzy controller based on an observer is present to achieve the stability of the nonlinear process, which also lays the basis for the construction of the image representations of the system and nominal system. With the image representations, the input and output signal errors are obtained, which can be used for the setting of the evaluation function. By handling a series of matrix inequalities, the threshold is designed, and a fault detection system for the nonlinear control process is realized with the decision logic. In the end, an illustration example is given to validate the obtained results.
Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) with Non-Pharmacological Interventions: Clinical Recommendations from a Systematic Scoping Review and an Expert Consensus Process

Background: Most individuals affected by cancer who are treated with certain chemotherapies suffer of CIPN. Therefore, there is a high patient and provider interest in complementary non-pharmacological therapies, but its evidence base has not yet been clearly pointed out in the context of CIPN. Methods: The results of a scoping review overviewing the published clinical evidence on the application of complementary therapies for improving the complex CIPN symptomatology are synthesized with the recommendations of an expert consensus process aiming to draw attention to supportive strategies for CIPN. The scoping review, registered at PROSPERO 2020 (CRD 42020165851), followed the PRISMA-ScR and JBI guidelines. Relevant studies published in Pubmed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PEDro, Cochrane CENTRAL, and CINAHL between 2000 and 2021 were included. CASP was used to evaluate the methodologic quality of the studies. Results: Seventy-five studies with mixed study quality met the inclusion criteria. Manipulative therapies (including massage, reflexology, therapeutic touch), rhythmical embrocations, movement and mind–body therapies, acupuncture/acupressure, and TENS/Scrambler therapy were the most frequently analyzed in research and may be effective treatment options for CIPN. The expert panel approved 17 supportive interventions, most of them were phytotherapeutic interventions including external applications and cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, and tactile stimulation. More than two-thirds of the consented interventions were rated with moderate to high perceived clinical effectiveness in therapeutic use. Conclusions: The evidence of both the review and the expert panel supports a variety of complementary procedures regarding the supportive treatment of CIPN; however, the application on patients should be individually weighed in each case. Based on this meta-synthesis, interprofessional healthcare teams may open up a dialogue with patients interested in non-pharmacological treatment options to tailor complementary counselling and treatments to their needs.
On the diagonal of an operator

Characterlzatlons of zero-diagonal operators (i.e. operatcors that have a diagonal whose entries consist entirely of zeros) and the ncorm-closure of these operators are obtalned. Also lncluded are new characterlzations of trace class operators, self-colnmutators of bcounded operatcors, and others. O. Introduction. In (3), it is shown that a hermitian compact operator is a self-commutator of a compact operator if and only if it has a zero-diagonal. Motivated by this result, we decided to launch an investigation into the connection between the diagonal of an operator and the operator itself; we wonder to what extent an operator can be described by its diagonal. It turns out that as expee;ted! the diagonal of an operator carries more information about the operator than its relatively small size (compare to the "fat" matrix representation of the operator) may suggest. Let H be a (complex! separable) Hilbert space, and Bf H ) the space of a11 (bounded) operators on H. By zero-diagonal operators we mean the operators T such that there exists an orthonormal basis {bJ} for H satisfying (TbJ! hX ) = 0 for all j. It is not hard to see that the set of these operators is pathwise connected (in fact, all its elements can be connected to the origin 0 inside itself); that it is not a linear manifold (2I eD (-I ) and (-I ) d3 21 belong to it but their sum I @ I does not); and moreover, that it stays away from I. (Indeed, the distance is no less than one: Take a zero-diagonal operator T and choose an orthonormal basis {b,} so that (Tby, b, ) = 0. Then IIT-IIl = supllXllS ((T-I)x x) > ((T-I )bl, bJ) = 1. ) In the first section we are to characterize zero-diagonal operators and hermitian
Junction and carrier temperature measurements in deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes using three different methods

The junction temperature of AlGaN ultraviolet light-emitting diodes emitting at 295nm is measured by using the temperature coefficients of the diode forward voltage and emission peak energy. The high-energy slope of the spectrum is explored to measure the carrier temperature. A linear relation between junction temperature and current is found. Analysis of the experimental methods reveals that the diode-forward voltage is the most accurate (±3°C). A theoretical model for the dependence of the diode forward voltage (Vf) on junction temperature (Tj) is developed that takes into account the temperature dependence of the energy gap. A thermal resistance of 87.6K∕W is obtained with the device mounted with thermal paste on a heat sink.
Research on Attitude Damage-Mitigating control of Air-breathing Hypersonic Flight Vehicles Based on Prescribed Performance

In order to delay the damage accumulation of the Air-breathing Hypersonic Flight Vehicle when it performs tasks efficiently, this paper designs a prescribed performance attitude damage-mitigating controller to achieve the above purpose. Firstly, established the flight vehicle’s force model and the damage dynamics model. Secondly, the concept of induced angle of attack is introduced, and a longitudinal short-period attitude model of the flight vehicle is established considering elasticity. Then, a prescribed performance attitude damage-mitigating controller is designed. The simulation results show that, on the basis of considering elastic factors, the attitude damage-mitigating controller can effectively delay the damage accumulation during the flight of the Air-breathing Hypersonic Flight Vehicle, while ensuring the mission performance, which provides an important reference in the future for maintaining the balance between mission performance and damage accumulation of flight vehicle.
Competitive effects of an axial magnetic field and of neutral gas depletion in a positive column

Neutral gas dynamics has been incorporated in plasma transport equations in recent studies of nonmagnetized plasma discharge equilibrium. It was found that when the plasma density increases, the neutral gas density becomes depleted in the discharge center, leading to plasma deconfinement. Consequently, larger electron temperature, flatter plasma density profiles, and larger edge-to-center plasma density ratios were observed. In this paper, we investigate the effect of adding a static axial magnetic field to the discharge. We find that at fixed plasma density at the center, the magnetic field reduces the calculated neutral depletion and all the associated effects. Nevertheless, the action of the magnetic field is less pronounced if one keeps the power deposited into the discharge fixed instead. This is because at fixed power, the plasma density increases with the magnetic field.
Technologies of FPGA-based projects Development Under Ever-changing Conditions, Platform Constraints, and Time-to-Market Pressure

An analytical review of the history of the leading vendors' providers in the field of programmable logic device manufacturing is presented. The analysis of development environment changes for FPGA-based projects, and a comparative analysis of FPGA chips and development kit boards for testing are performed. The practical experience of the transition process to new development environments for FPGA-based projects is considered. It is established that the dynamics of changes in development environments must be addressed at an early stage to reduce risks. It is shown that in-system programming significantly simplifies the development of FPGA-based projects. It is shown that scaling and parallelization at the top level of project hierarchy and pipelining and parameterization at the RTL level effectively allow such systems to be deployed in commercial cloud infrastructures and data centers.
Exact Solutions Corresponding to the Viscous Incompressible and Conducting Fluid Flow Due to a Porous Rotating Disk

A study is pursued in this paper for the evaluation of the exact solution of the steady Navier―Stokes equation, governing the incompressible viscous Newtonian, electrically conducting fluid flow motion over a porous disk, rotating at a constant angular speed. The three-dimensional equations of motion are treated analytically yielding to the derivation of exact solutions. The effects of the magnetic pressure number on the permeable flow field are better conceived from the exact velocity and induced magnetic field obtained. Making use of this solution, analytical formulas for the angular velocity and current density components, as well as for the magnetic wall shear stresses, are extracted. Interaction of the resolved flow field with the surrounding temperature is then analyzed via energy equation. The temperature field is shown to accord with the convection, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating. As a result, exact formulas are obtained for the temperature field, which takes different forms, depending on whether isothermal and adiabatic wall conditions or suction and blowing are considered.