Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FDUQA on TREC 2007 QA Track

datasets. The preprocess step is same as our system in TREC QA 2006[Zhou et al. 2006]. We firstly index the documents for fast retrieval. The search engine used in our system is Lucene, an open source document retrieval system. We build four different indexing files. The first two are indexed based on the whole document and the single paragraph of original articles respectively. The rest two are indexed based on the whole document and single paragraph of the morphed articles. Before analyzing question, we process the questions with our question series anaphora
Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45 gamma expression as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma

Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45 (GADD45) family proteins play a crucial role in regulating cellular stress responses and apoptosis. The present study explored the prognostic and predictive role of GADD45γ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. GADD45γ expression in HCC cells was examined using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. The control of GADD45γ transcription was examined using a luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The in vivo induction of GADD45γ was performed using adenoviral transfer. The expression of GADD45γ in HCC tumor tissues from patients who had undergone curative resection was measured using qRT-PCR. Sorafenib induced expression of GADD45γ mRNA and protein, independent of its RAF kinase inhibitor activity. GADD45γ induction was more prominent in sorafenib-sensitive HCC cells (Huh-7 and HepG2, IC50 6–7 μM) than in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells (Hep3B, Huh-7R, and HepG2R, IC50 12–15 μM). Overexpression of GADD45γ reversed sorafenib resistance in vitro and in vivo, whereas GADD45γ expression knockdown by using siRNA partially abrogated the proapoptotic effects of sorafenib on sorafenib-sensitive cells. Overexpression of survivin in HCC cells abolished the antitumor enhancement between GADD45γ overexpression and sorafenib treatment, suggesting that survivin is a crucial mediator of antitumor effects of GADD45γ. GADD45γ expression decreased in tumors from patients with HCC who had undergone curative surgery, and low GADD45γ expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival, in addition to old age and vascular invasion. The preceding data indicate that GADD45γ suppression is a poor prognostic factor in patients with HCC and may help predict sorafenib efficacy in HCC.
Wavelet Transform Based Face Recognition Using SURF Descriptors

This paper presents a new approach to classify salient points as belonging to objects in the face classes. Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm is used to generate feature descriptors. SURF is applied on the subband images generated using either DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) or Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT). The matching scores obtained from these subband images are fused and final decision is reached. Experiments results indicate that our proposed approach showed increase in the performance for both wavelet transforms when applied on the well-known ORL and PUT face databases. 
Demersal Fish Assemblages and Spatial Diversity Patterns in the Arctic-Atlantic Transition Zone in the Barents Sea

Direct and indirect effects of global warming are expected to be pronounced and fast in the Arctic, impacting terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. The Barents Sea is a high latitude shelf Sea and a boundary area between arctic and boreal faunas. These faunas are likely to respond differently to changes in climate. In addition, the Barents Sea is highly impacted by fisheries and other human activities. This strong human presence places great demands on scientific investigation and advisory capacity. In order to identify basic community structures against which future climate related or other human induced changes could be evaluated, we analyzed species composition and diversity of demersal fish in the Barents Sea. We found six main assemblages that were separated along depth and temperature gradients. There are indications that climate driven changes have already taken place, since boreal species were found in large parts of the Barents Sea shelf, including also the northern Arctic area. When modelling diversity as a function of depth and temperature, we found that two of the assemblages in the eastern Barents Sea showed lower diversity than expected from their depth and temperature. This is probably caused by low habitat complexity and the distance to the pool of boreal species in the western Barents Sea. In contrast coastal assemblages in south western Barents Sea and along Novaya Zemlya archipelago in the Eastern Barents Sea can be described as diversity “hotspots”; the South-western area had high density of species, abundance and biomass, and here some species have their northern distribution limit, whereas the Novaya Zemlya area has unique fauna of Arctic, coastal demersal fish. (see Information S1 for abstract in Russian).
Microbial inactivation properties of a new antimicrobial/antithrombotic catheter lock solution (citrate/methylene blue/parabens)

Background. Microbial infections are the most serious complications associated with indwelling central venous catheters. A catheter lock solution that is both antibacterial and antithrombotic is needed. The goal of this study was to determine whether a new catheter lock solution containing citrate, methylene blue and parabens has antimicrobial properties against planktonic bacteria and against sessile bacteria within a biofilm. These effects were compared to the antimicrobial properties of heparin at 2500 units/ml. Methods. The tested solution (C/MB/P comprising 7% sodium citrate, 0.05% methylene blue and 0.165% parabens) and individual components were challenged against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and fungi. Control solutions were heparin with preservatives. Studies included evaluation of eradication of planktonic bacteria and sessile organisms in a biofilm grown on polymeric and glass coupons. Biofilm samples were inspected by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and vital stains. Results. The C/MB/P solution, contrary to heparin, kills most tested planktonic microorganisms within 1 h of incubation. All tested organisms have an MIC of 25% or less of the original concentration of a new catheter lock. Bacteria strains did not develop resistance over more than 40 passages of culture suspensions. The C/MB/P solution is able to kill nearly all sessile bacteria in biofilm growth on plastic or glass discs in 1 h. Microscopic methods demonstrated extensive physical elimination of biofilm deposits from treated coupons. In contrast, heparin had a minimal effect on planktonic or biofilm organisms. Conclusions. The new multicomponent lock solution has strong antimicrobial properties against both planktonic and sessile microorganisms. By comparison, heparin with preservative has weak antibacterial properties against planktonic and biofilm bacteria. The tested catheter lock may have usefulness in preventing bacterial colonization of haemodialysis catheters and diminishing the incidence of catheter-related bacteraemia.
Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Influence of methyl substitution on the inhibitory activity of beta-carbolines.

A number of tetrahydro and aromatic β -carbolines, mostly with a methyl substituent at various positions, were synthesized and their in vitro inhibitory activities on monoamine oxidase evaluated. Substitution of a methyl group at the N-9 nitrogen of tetrahydro- β -carboline gave a potent competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. Methyl groups at C-1 of both tetrahydro and aromatic β -carbolines generally reduced the potency, whereas introduction of a methyl group at the N-2 nitrogen of tetrahydro- β -carboline gave a compound of equal activity.
Use of magnetic resonance imaging to identify changes in cerebral blood flow in epilepsia partialis continua

The use of a phase mapping technique for detection of brain perfusion is described. The method was used in a patient with epilepsia partialis continua and displayed an area of abnormal perfusion in the frontal lobe during the ictal phase. Following improved treatment the perfusion pattern was near normal 12 weeks later. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Some anatomical and physiological aspects of the lateral geniculate body

To interpret certain discordant results in the study of the lateral geniculate body, some of the published studies concerned with this problem must be analysed according to the techniques used and also in relation to the animals on which the experiments were performed. The techniques of study include the following: 1. Histological (a) Golgi's method (Tello, '04; Cajal, '11; 0 'Leary, '40). (b) Transynaptic degeneration (Minkowski, '20; Cook, Walker and Barr, '51). (c) The method of Marchi (Barris, Ingram and Ranson, '35). (d) Metallic impregnation for nerve fibers and "boutons terminam" (Glees, '41, '46; Glees and Clark, '41). 2. Pathological (Ronne, '10 ; Balado and Franke,
Flow triggering, pressure triggering, and autotriggering during mechanical ventilation.

Mechanical ventilation is a fundamental component in the treatment of critically ill patients. As technology has evolved, mechanical ventilation has become increasingly more sophisticated in an attempt to maximize the benefits of mechanical ventilation while decreasing the adverse affects on the lung and the cardiovascular system. Advances in electronics and in ventilatory support design have expanded the possible techniques of mechanical ventilation. A classification proposed by Chatburn (1) defines the modes of mechanical ventilation on the basis of three types of variables.
Establishing a trade-off between unicast and multicast retransmission modes for reliable multicast protocols

The conventional approach to reliable multicast in computer networks relies on the retransmission on demand of lost packets. Existing multicast protocols adopt a static packet retransmission scheme (unicast or multicast) to retransmit these packets often leading to performance loss due to wasting bandwidth resources. This is worse if we consider the limited bandwidth resources wireless interfaces currently offer. Therefore, careful continuous monitoring and control is fundamental in these wireless mobile environments. This paper looks at solutions to the retransmission problem while taking into consideration network topology and the number of fixed and mobile users. Precise conditions and rules for packet retransmission are set taking into account the dynamics of the network state. Finally, this algorithm has been incorporated into a reliable multicast protocol with support to mobile users, known as the reliable mobile multicast protocol (RM2), for performance analysis.
A Robust Detection of the Sybil Attack in Urban VANETs

The Sybil attack is one of the serious attacks to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), because it severely damages the security of VANETs and, even leads to a threat to lives of drivers and passengers. In this paper, we propose a solution to detect the Sybil attack based on the differences between the normal motion trajectories of vehicles and the abnormal ones. In our approach, each node can accomplish the attack detection independently with the limited assistance from the infrastructures of VANETs. We improve the feasibility of our approach with limited infrastructures at the early deployment stages of VANETs. In addition, the independency and feasibility of our algorithm are more robust than the existing solutions that rely on collaboration of neighboring nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing solutions in terms of robustness, detection rate, overhead efficiency, and lower system requirements.
Automatic Determination of Neighborhood Size in SMOTE

In order to handle the class imbalance problem, synthetic data generation methods such as SMOTE, ADASYN, and Borderline-SMOTE have been developed. These methods use a common parameter k, the number of nearest neighbors. Nonetheless the most effective k value depends on the given dataset, there is no guideline to determine k. Moreover, if a dataset has noises, small sub-clusters, or complex patterns, the existing SMOTE and its variants show poor classification performance. Our method that we named Automatic Neighborhood size Determination(AND) restricts the size of neighborhood in SMOTE to maintain the original distribution of data, and helps SMOTE for its best performance. Defining and examining a minority region including a minority class object and its neighbors assure safety for generating synthetic samples. The proposed AND-method determines the value of k for each minority objects. By independently generating synthetic minority samples with the automatically predefined k values, we aim at achieving a better classification than the existing methods. Numerical experiments showed that the proposed method outperformed SMOTE, ADASYN, or Borderline-SMOTE.
Ethanol inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated [3H]norepinephrine release from rat cortical slices.

The effects of ethanol on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-stimulated [3H]norepinephrine (NE) release from rat cortical slices was studied. NMDA-stimulated [3H]NE release was inhibited by tetrodotoxin, Mg++ and 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, indicating that NMDA receptors in the cortex have characteristics similar to those observed using electrophysiological studies. Ethanol (60-200 mM) decreased the release of [3H]NE evoked by 100 microM NMDA in a concentration-dependent manner (32-52% inhibition), but it did not significantly alter the basal release. The inhibitory effect of 100 mM ethanol was due to a reduction in the maximal response with no significant change in the EC50 for NMDA. Pretreatment of the slices with 100 mM ethanol up to 6 min did not alter the magnitude of inhibition. The inhibition of NMDA-stimulated [3H]NE release due to ethanol was reversible after a 13-min recovery period. The presence of ethanol did not significantly affect the IC50 for Mg++ inhibition of NMDA-stimulated [3H]NE release (23 +/- 3 microM). Glycine (10-300 microM) potentiated the release of [3H]NE stimulated by 250 microM NMDA, and 60 mM ethanol did not alter this effect of glycine. Ethanol (100 mM) inhibited the release of [3H]NE evoked by 18.9 mM KCl in the presence or absence of 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, but had no effect on release induced by 49.1 mM KCl. Tetrodotoxin (0.3 mM) significantly decreased the release of [3H] NE evoked by 23.2 mM KCl, and 60 to 200 mM ethanol did not alter this release. These results suggest that NMDA receptors in rat cortical slices are located on nerve cell bodies. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IMAGE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM BASED ON VECTOR QUANTIZATION

Image compression is a main field in the development of numerious multi-media computer application and telecommunication services such as video conferencing, and many others areas like interactive education, medical, space research etc . Image compression techniques main aim at removing (or minimizing) redundancy in data, but maintains acceptable image reconstruction.Vector quantization is an effective technique for data compression and has been efficiently used in numerious different fields. The via-media usually used to develop a codebook are Linde, Buzo, Gray (LBG) algorithm, fuzzy vector Quantization (FVQ) algorithm. Although if the divisible boundaries in the codebook development are non linear their output can debase fast. In this research I present three alforthm LBG, FCM, and KFL algorithm. KFL takes mileages of the distance kernel trick and the gradient-based fuzzy grouping method to generate a codebook automatically. Experiment with real life data authenticates that the suggestive KFL algorithm is more well suited quality in its resultant. Visa-vis to that of the other LBG and FVQ.
An RNAi-Based Candidate Screen for Modifiers of the CHD1 Chromatin Remodeler and Assembly Factor in Drosophila melanogaster

The conserved chromatin remodeling and assembly factor CHD1 (chromodomains, helicase, DNA-binding domain) is present at active genes where it participates in histone turnover and recycling during transcription. In order to gain a more complete understanding of the mechanism of action of CHD1 during development, we created a novel genetic assay in Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate potential functional interactions between CHD1 and other chromatin factors. We found that overexpression of CHD1 results in defects in wing development and utilized this fully penetrant and reliable phenotype to conduct a small-scale RNAi-based candidate screen to identify genes that functionally interact with chd1 in vivo. Our results indicate that CHD1 may act in opposition to other remodeling factors, including INO80, and that the recruitment of CHD1 to active genes by RTF1 is conserved in flies.
A centroid-based approach to solve the bandwidth minimization problem

We propose a node centroid method with Hill-Climbing to solve the well-known matrix bandwidth minimization problem, which is to permute rows and columns of the matrix to minimize its bandwidth. Many heuristics have been developed for this NP-complete problem including the Cuthill-McKee (CM) and the Gibbs, Poole and Stockmeyer (GPS) algorithms. Heuristics such as simulated annealing, tabu search and GRASP have been used, where tabu search and the GRASP with path relinking have achieved significantly better solution quality than the CM and GPS algorithms. Experimentation shows that the node centroid method achieves the best solution quality when compared with these while being much faster than the newly-developed algorithms. Also, the new algorithm achieves better solutions than the GPS algorithm in comparable time.
The Open Source release of the MOMIS Data Integration System

MOMIS (Mediator EnvirOnment for Multiple Information Sources) is an Open Source Data Integration system able to aggregate data coming from heterogeneous data sources (structured and semistructured) in a semi-automatic way. DataRiver is a Spin-Off of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia that has re-engineered the MOMIS system, and released its Open Source version both for commercial and academic use. The MOMIS system has been extended with a set of features to minimize the integration process costs, exploiting the semantics of the data sources and optimizing each integration phase. The Open Source MOMIS system have been successfully applied in several industrial sectors: Medical, Agro-food, Tourism, Textile, Mechanical, Logistics. This paper describes the features of the Open Source MOMIS system and how it is able to address real data integration challenges.
A novel carrier allocation method for multiuser OFDM system with amplifier nonlinearities

Amplifier nonlinearities affect drastically the performance of OFDM systems. A new carrier allocation method that reduces the intermodulation distortion between different carriers for multiuser OFDM system is presented. Using this allocation technique and transmit beamforming a bit error rate improvement is obtained in a low or medium load system. Comparison of this proposal with Block and Interleaved OFDM allocation methods is performed. Applying the novel allocation technique, the values of Input Back Off (IBO) that can be applied in order to obtain an adequate bit error rate are smaller than with conventional allocation techniques.
Increasing the number of voltage levels in single-phase multilevel converters

The main focus of this paper is on the modification of single-phase Neutral Point Clamped (NPC), Flying Capacitor (FC) and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) structures. These converters can output a maximum voltage of VDC/2 while they have a DC link voltage of VDC. Hence, the structure of these three converters is modified to increase the number of voltage levels and the utilization of DC link voltage. Moreover, using this idea, the number of clamping diodes in NPC, flying capacitors in FC, and half-bridge cells in MMC can be reduced for generating the same number of voltage levels. Increased switching state redundancy and lower power loss are the main benefits of the proposed approach. Finally, MMC and NPC converters and their modified structures are simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment and their performances under different conditions are investigated.
Induced Anovulation As Treatment Of Premenstrual Tension Syndrome: A double‐blind cross‐over study with GnRH‐agonist versus placebo

Abstract. A treatment with the GnRH‐agonist, buserelin, was given intranasally in a dosage of 400 g once daily, to induce anovulation in 26 women with premenstrual tension syndrome; 23 patients completed the study course. The design was double‐blind and crossover. Daily symptom ratings were made for two pretreatment, diagnostic cycles and continued for up to six cycles or 6 months. The rating scale used was an earlier described visual analogue scale. Blood samples for estradiol and progesterone radio‐immunoassay were taken once weekly throughout the study. Results show beneficial effects of both placebo and GnRH‐agonist, compared with the pretreatment situation. The GnRH‐agonist was, however, significantly better than placebo. At the end of the treatment periods the patients while still taking placebo, still showed cyclical symptom changes, whereas during the GnRH‐agonist treatment the cyclical changes had disappeared. The results indicate that a factor from the corpus luteum must be involved in the etiology of cyclical mood changes. The results also show that inhibition of ovulation by mean of GnRH‐agonists is one possible way to treat premenstrual tension syndrome.
Scheduling Aircraft Landings - The Static Case

In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling aircraft (plane) landings at an airport. This problem is one of deciding a landing time for each plane such that each plane lands within a predetermined time window and that separation criteria between the landing of a plane and the landing of all successive planes are respected. We present a mixed-integer zero--one formulation of the problem for the single runway case and extend it to the multiple runway case. We strengthen the linear programming relaxations of these formulations by introducing additional constraints. Throughout, we discuss how our formulations can be used to model a number of issues (choice of objective function, precedence restrictions, restricting the number of landings in a given time period, runway workload balancing) commonly encountered in practice. The problem is solved optimally using linear programming-based tree search. We also present an effective heuristic algorithm for the problem. Computational results for both the heuristic and the optimal algorithm are presented for a number of test problems involving up to 50 planes and four runways.