Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN MARKETING

The increasing importance and proliferation of text data provide a unique opportunity and novel lens to study human communication across a myriad of business and marketing applications. For example, consumers compare and review products online, individuals interact with their voice assistants to search, shop, and express their needs, investors seek to extract signals from ﬁ rms ’ press releases to improve their investment decisions, and ﬁ rms analyze sales call transcripts to increase customer satisfaction and conversions. However, extracting meaningful information from unstructured text data is a nontrivial task. In this chapter, we review established natural language processing (NLP) methods for traditional tasks (e.g., LDA for topic modeling and lexicons for sentiment analysis and writing style extraction) and provide an outlook into the future of NLP in marketing, covering recent embedding-based approaches, pretrained language models, and transfer learning for novel tasks such as automated text generation and multi-modal representation learning. These emerging approaches allow the ﬁ eld to improve its ability to perform certain tasks that we have been using for more than a decade (e.g., text classi ﬁ cation). But more importantly, they unlock entirely new types of tasks that bring about novel research opportunities (e.g., text summarization, and generative question answering). We conclude with a roadmap and research agenda for promising NLP applications in marketing and provide supplementary code examples to help interested scholars to explore opportunities related to NLP in marketing.
Grammar Induction & Language Evolution

Recent research on unsupervised grammar induction has focused on inducing accurate bracketing of sentences. Here we present an efficient, Bayesian algorithm for the unsupervised induction of syntactic categories from such bracketed text. Our model gives state-of-the-art results on this task, using gold-standard bracketing, outperforming the recent semi-supervised approach of (Haghighi and Klein, 2006), obtaining an F1 of 76.8% (when appropriately relabeled). Our algorithm assigns comparable likelihood to unseen text as the treebank PCFG. Finally, we discuss the metrics used and linguistic relevance of the results.
The Herschel/SPIRE Spectrometer Phase Correction Data Processing Tasks

Asymmetries in the recorded interferograms of Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) can be caused by optical, electronic, and sampling effects. Left uncorrected, these asymmetries will result in a spectrum with both real and imaginary components and thus a non-zero phase. One or more phase correction steps are applied in FTS data processing pipelines to correct for these effects. In this paper we describe the causes of non-zero phase particular to the Herschel/SPIRE FTS and present the two phase correction processing steps employed. The evolution of the phase correction algorithms is also described.
The method of fundamental solutions for steady-state groundwater flow problems

The method of fundamental solutions is a meshless method. Only boundary collocation points are needed during the whole solution process. It has the merits of mathematical simplicity, ease of programming, high solution accuracy, and others. In this paper, the method of fundamental solutions is applied to simulate 2D steady-state groundwater flow problems. The principle of superposition is used during the whole solution process. Numerical results are compared with the multiquadrics method and the mixed finite element method as well as analytical solutions. It is shown that the method of fundamental solutions is promising in dealing with steady groundwater flow problems.
Finite Pressure Effects in Magnetically Shielded Hall Thrusters

We describe the effects of finite pressure in a large vacuum facility on a magnetically shielded Hall thruster using internally and externally mounted cathodes. A numerical model of the pumping system was first used to guide the placement of an ionization gauge and an auxiliary propellant injector used for increasing the backpressure. The laboratory model H6MS Hall thruster was operated at 300 and 800 V discharge voltage, 2-20 A discharge current, and 0.6-9.0 kW discharge power at pressures calibrated for xenon from 2.4 to 100 uTorr-Xe. The hollow cathode was located in three positions: internally mounted on thruster centerline and two external mounts outside of the magnetic circuit. Performance variations exceed that expected from ingestion of background gas in all configurations but were still consistent with prior studies of unshielded Hall thrusters. Magnetic field strength, cathode location, and magnitude of discharge oscillations can greatly affect the apparent level of ingestion, which suggests that mechanisms other than ingestion of background gas affect the pressure sensitivity of the discharge. In particular, cathode location is shown to have a profound influence on the measured performance and stability. When the internally mounted cathode is used, the plasma response is shown to be much less sensitive to pressure changes than when an externally mounted cathode is employed. Our results suggest that high-power Hall thrusters using internally mounted cathodes minimize the effects of finite pressure on performance and stability, providing a path for reliably correlating ground tests with flight performance.
Mathematical and numerical foundations of the pseudopotential method

The contributions of this thesis consist of three main results. The first result is concerned with analytic perturbation theory for Kohn-Sham type models. We prove, under some technical conditions, the existence, uniqueness and analyticity of the perturbed reduced Hartree-Fock ground state density matrix for regular perturbations arising from an external potential. Our analysis encompasses the case when the Fermi level of the unperturbed ground state is a degenerate eigenvalue of the mean-field operator and the frontier orbitals are partially occupied. The second result is concerned with the mathematical construction of pseudopotentials for Kohn-Sham models. We define a set of admissible semilocal norm-conserving pseudopotentials of given local Sobolev regularity and prove that this set is non-empty and closed for an appropriate topology. This allows us to propose a new way to construct pseudopotentials, which consists in optimizing on the latter set some criterion taking into account both smoothness and transferability requirements. The third result is a numerical study of the reduced Hartree-Fock model of atoms. We propose a discretization method and an algorithm to solve numerically the Kohn-Sham equations for an atom subjected to a cylindrically-symmetric external potential. We report the computed occupied energy levels and the occupation numbers for all the atoms of the four first rows of the periodic table and consider the case of an atom subjected to a uniform electric-field.
Splice testing for LHC quadrupole magnets

Electrical splices between NbTi Rutherford type cables need to be made for the LHC IR inner triplet quadrupoles. Splices between magnets as well as internal to the magnets are necessary. Various splice configurations, solders, and fluxes have been considered. Testing of these splices at cryogenic temperatures and at various currents has been completed. The results were satisfactory; Fermilab is capable of making excellent low resistance (<1n/spl Omega/) solder joints for the LHC project.
Spectral attenuation of global and diffuse UV irradiance and actinic flux by clouds

Measurements of spectral global and diffuse ultraviolet (UV) irradiance, and of spectral actinic flux were made jointly with determinations of cloud properties during a two‐ month experimental campaign that took place in southern Italy in May–June 2010. The cloud modification factor (CMF) which is the ratio between the incoming radiation under cloudy and in cloud‐free conditions, was obtained for the global (direct plus diffuse) and diffuse components of the irradiance, and for the actinic flux in the UV spectral range for overcast conditions. Measurements of the diffuse irradiance and actinic flux CMFs are very scarce, and are particularly important to characterize the radiation field and verify the behaviour of radiative transfer models in cloudy conditions. In addition to measurements, one‐dimensional radiative transfer simulations are used to investigate the cloud influence on the spectral solar UV radiation. The analysis shows that the wavelength dependence of CMF for the global irradiance is mainly due to the normalization for cloud‐free conditions. The CMF for the diffuse irradiance and for the actinic flux displays a strong dependence on the solar zenith angle. This dependence appears to be mainly driven by the large role played by the zenith radiation in overcast conditions. Radiative transfer model determinations of CMF satisfactorily reproduce observations.
Estimation of genetic parameters of claw conformation in Holstein and Slovak Spotted breeds

The aim of the study was to analyse the claw conformation traits in selected groups of Holstein and Slovak Spotted cows and estimate their heritability and genetic correlations between them separately for each breed. Images of the right hind claw taken during functional trimming were analysed using the NIS Elements 3.0. The pedigree database was processed by the CFC program. Genetic correlations and heritability of claw conformation traits were estimated using the generalised linear mixed model. Lower average values of claw conformation traits were found in Holstein cows compared to the group of Slovak Spotted cows. The variability of analysed traits was significantly affected in both groups by the effect of sire, calving year and season. Both positive and negative genetic correlations were observed between the claw conformation traits in the evaluated groups. In the Holstein cows, the highest positive genetic correlation was found between claw length and diagonal (0.91). In the group of Slovak Spotted cows, the highest positive genetic correlation was found between claw width and functional claw area (0.87). The heritability of tested claw conformation traits was moderate, with an average h 2 value of 0.30 ±0.09.
Accuracy issues for transonic flutter using 3-D Navier-Stokes

This paper presents flutter computations for the AGARD 445.6 standard aeroelastic wing configuration using a fully implicit, aeroelastic Navier-Stokes solver coupled to a general, linear, second-order structural solver. This solution technique realizes implicit coupling between the fluids and structures using a subiteration approach. Results are presented for two Mach numbers, MXJ = 0.96, where no clearly resolved shocks are present on the wing and Mx — 1.141 where a shock is resolved on the aft portion of the wing. The computed flutter predictions are compared with experimental data and with previous Navier-Stokes computations for the same case. Predictions of the flutter point for the MOO = 0.96 case agree well with experimental data. At the higher Mach number, M^ = 1.141, the present computations overpredict the flutter point but are consistent with other computations for the same case. The sensitivity of computed solutions to grid resolution and the number of modes used in the structural solver is investigated. A comparison of computations using a standard second-order accurate central-difference scheme and a third-order upwind-biased scheme is also made.
Limit theorems for the single server queue with traffic intensity one

We consider a single server queueing system with inter-arrival times {un , n ≧ 1}, and service times {υn , n ≧ 1} and the queue-discipline, ‘first-come, first-served’. It is assumed that {un } and {υn } are two independent renewal processes, and 0 > E(un ) =a < ∞, 0 < E(υn ) = b < ∞. The traffic intensity is P ρ b/a(0 > ρ > ∞). This paper is concerned with the case ρ = 1, where it is known that the various queueing processes such as the queue-length Q(t) and waiting time W(t) diverge to + ∞ in distribution as t → ∞. Borovkov [1], [2] and Brody [3] have obtained limit distributions for Q(t) and W(t) with appropriate location and scale parameters in the cases P ≧ 1. Here we investigate random variables related to the busy and idle periods in the system. To explain our approach, we consider the random variables Xn = υn – un (n ≧ 1). Let S 0 ≡ 0, Sn = X 1 + X 2 + ··· + Xn (n ≧ 1), and define the sequence {Nk , k ≧ 0} as
CONFIRMED AND DISCONFIRMED PREDICTIONS IN AGING

One of the basic tenets of predictive theories of language processing is that of misprediction cost. Post-N400 positive ERP components are suitable for studying prediction error cost, but are not adequately described, especially in older adults, who show attenuated N400 ERP effects. Here, a secondary analysis of a previously collected EEG dataset is reported. Using a picture-word matching paradigm, in which the target word could sometimes be predicted by context and sometimes not, the relationship between aging and late ERP effects was examined. Positivity effects for prediction violations were larger and more extended in older compared to younger adults, independent of context. Younger adults showed frontal negativity effects, indicating frame-shifting processes. Our data suggest that aging does not entail specific declines in prediction. Rather, they indicate that older adults may experience more processing difficulties than younger adults when their expectations are disconfirmed and that multiple mechanisms may be employed during language processing.
State and Parameter Estimation of the Lorenz System in Existence of Colored Noise

Many researchers are interested to use Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for state estimation of complex nonlinear dynamics with uncertainties which modeled with white noises. On the other hand behavior of the chaotic systems in time domain itself is similar to noise too. In this paper, states of the chaotic Lorenz system that its uncertainties modeled with colored noise on states and also on output are considered. For both cases, the case that parameters of Lorenz system are known and the case that parameters of the Lorenz system are unknown, EKF is used to estimate the states. In the case that parameters are unknown using a stochastic viewpoint parameters of the system and parameters of the first order filter of the colored noise are estimated. Efficiency of the method is shown with simulation.
Quantum correlations in continuous variable mixed states : from discord to signatures

This thesis studies continuous variable mixed states with the aim of better understanding the fundamental behaviour of quantum correlations in such states, as well as searching for applications of these correlations. I first investigate the interesting phenomenon of discord increase under local loss and explain the behaviour by considering the non-orthogonality of quantum states. I then explore the counter-intuitive result where entanglement can be created by a passive optical beamsplitter, even if the input states are classical, as long as the input states are part of a larger globally nonclassical system. This result emphasises the importance of global correlations in a quantum state, and I propose an application of this protocol in the form of quantum dense coding. Finally, I develop a quantum digital signature protocol that can be described entirely using the continuous variable formalism. Quantum digital signatures provide a method to ensure the integrity and provenance of a message using quantum states. They follow a similar method to quantum key distribution (QKD), but require less post-processing, which means they can sometimes be implemented over channels that are inappropriate for QKD. The method I propose uses homodyne measurement to verify the signature, unlike previous protocols that use single photon detection. The single photon detection of previous methods is designed to give unambiguous results about the signature, but this comes at the cost of getting no information much of the time. Using homodyne detection has the advantage of giving results all the time, but this means that measurement results always have some ambiguity. I show that, even with this ambiguity, the signature protocol based on homodyne measurement outperforms previous protocols, with the advantage enhanced when technical considerations are included. Therefore this represents an interesting new direction in the search for a practical quantum digital signature scheme.
A structural-acoustic optimization of two-dimensional sandwich plates with corrugated cores

This paper presents an optimization study of sandwich plates with corrugated cores for minimizing the transmitted sound power, considering the manufacturability of the structure and constraints on the structural weight and fundamental frequency. A two-dimensional plate model is developed based on the spectral element method (SEM) for the calculation of the frequency-domain vibration response of the whole sandwich structure subject to airborne excitation, and the Rayleigh integral formula is used to calculate the transmitted sound power via its structure-born path. A genetic algorithm-based multi-parameter optimization method is employed to search for the optimal structural parameters with the objective to minimize the sound power transmitted. It is indicated that the optimization results depend highly on the properties of resonant modes in the targeted frequency band. Because of the local modes of the sandwich structure in the high frequency band, the transmitted sound power can be significantly reduced with neither increasing the structural weight nor deteriorating the bending stiffness.
Causal Beliefs About and Perceptions of Illness in Persons Experiencing Schizophrenia and in Close Relatives of Such Individuals: An Exploratory Study

Background: The cause to which persons experiencing schizophrenia attribute their illness influences emotional and adjustment variables. This is also true for close relatives (CRs), who are important players in the affected individual’s environment and whose mood can influence the person’s day-to-day life or treatment adherence. Recent literature has highlighted a need to further explore the impact of causal beliefs on different aspects of recovery as well as on stigma. Aims: The objective of this study was to explore causal beliefs about the illness and their relationship to other illness perceptions and stigma among persons experiencing schizophrenia and their CRs. Methods: Twenty French individuals experiencing schizophrenia and 27 CRs of individuals with schizophrenia answered the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, which investigates probable causes of an illness and other illness perceptions, and the Stigma Scale. A semi-structured interview was used to collect information about diagnosis, treatment, and access to psychoeducation. Results: The individuals with schizophrenia identified fewer causal attributions than the CRs. They were more likely to endorse psychosocial stress and family environment as probable causes, while CRs mostly favored genetic explanations. We found significant relationships between causal attributions and most negative perceptions of the illness, including components of stigma, in both samples. Among CRs, having received family psychoeducation was strongly correlated with viewing substance abuse as a probable cause. Conclusions: Relationships between causal beliefs about illness and perceptions of illness both in individuals experiencing schizophrenia and in CRs of such individuals should be explored further with harmonized and detailed tools. Assessing causal beliefs about schizophrenia as a framework for psychiatric clinical practice could prove useful for all those involved in the recovery process.
Shadow-Assisted Moving Target Tracking Based on Multidiscriminant Correlation Filters Network in Video SAR

Moving targets always defocus and shift outside the scene in video synthetic aperture radar (video SAR) image sequences. However, the shadows of moving targets are immune to these issues and can reveal the true position of the moving targets. As such, by tracking the shadows of moving targets in the video SAR image sequence, it becomes feasible to keep track of these targets. Nevertheless, due to the small pixel size and time-varying characteristics of the target shadow, current prevailing tracking methods often prove insufficient for direct tracking of the shadow. In this letter, a shadow-assisted tracking method for moving targets based on a multilevel discriminant correlation filters network (MDCFnet) is proposed. Primarily, we designed a reverse feature pyramid network (RFPN) that integrates multiple high-level features into low-level features to obtain multiple features with higher distinguishability and resolution, thereby enhancing the final tracking accuracy and precision. Furthermore, we devised multilevel discriminant correlation filters (MDCFs) to perform filtering tracking under multiple feature maps. Real dataset processing results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
5D respiratory motion model based image reconstruction algorithm for 4D cone-beam computed tomography

4D cone-beam computed tomography (4DCBCT) reconstructs a temporal sequence of CBCT images for the purpose of motion management or 4D treatment in radiotherapy. However the image reconstruction often involves the binning of projection data to each temporal phase, and therefore suffers from deteriorated image quality due to inaccurate or uneven binning in phase, e.g., under the non-periodic breathing. A 5D model has been developed as an accurate model of (periodic and non-periodic) respiratory motion. That is, given the measurements of breathing amplitude and its time derivative, the 5D model parametrizes the respiratory motion by three time-independent variables, i.e., one reference image and two vector fields. In this work we aim to develop a new 4DCBCT reconstruction method based on 5D model. Instead of reconstructing a temporal sequence of images after the projection binning, the new method reconstructs time-independent reference image and vector fields with no requirement of binning. The image reconstruction is formulated as a optimization problem with total-variation regularization on both reference image and vector fields, and the problem is solved by the proximal alternating minimization algorithm, during which the split Bregman method is used to reconstruct the reference image, and the Chambolle's duality-based algorithm is used to reconstruct the vector fields. The convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm is provided for this nonconvex problem. Validated by the simulation studies, the new method has significantly improved image reconstruction accuracy due to no binning and reduced number of unknowns via the use of the 5D model.
A generic property of the resonance set of an elliptic operator with respect to the domain

The set of points (α, β) ∈ℝ2 for which the problem − δu = αu+ − βu− in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω(u+ = max {u, o} and u− = min {−u, 0}) has nontrivial solutions is important for the study of certain nonlinear problems. It is shown that for ‘most’ bounded domains Ω in ℝn, such a set is locally the union of a finite number of curves.