Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The tyrosine kinase substrate eps15 is constitutively associated with the plasma membrane adaptor AP-2

The ubiquitous eps15 protein was initially described as a substrate of the EGF receptor kinase. Its functions are not yet delineated and this work provides evidence for its possible role in endocytosis. A novel anti-eps15 antibody, 6G4, coimmunoprecipitated proteins of molecular mass 102 kD. In human cells, these proteins were identified as the alpha- and beta-adaptins of the AP-2 complex on the basis of their NH2- terminal sequence and their immunoreactivity with anti-alpha- and anti- beta-adaptin antibodies but not with anti-gamma-adaptin antibody. In addition, the anti-eps15 antibody coimmunoprecipitated metabolically labeled polypeptides with molecular mass of 50 and 17 kD, comparable to those of the two other components of the AP-2 complex, mu2 and sigma 2. Constitutive association of eps15 with AP-2 was confirmed by two sets of experiments. First, eps15 was detected in immunoprecipitates of anti- alpha- and anti-beta-adaptin antibodies. Second, alpha- and beta- but not gamma-adaptins were precipitated by a glutathione-S-transferase eps15 fusion protein. The association of eps15 with AP-2 was ubiquitous and conserved between species, since it was observed in human lymphocytes and epithelial cells and in murine NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Our results are in keeping with a recent study showing homology between the NH2-terminal domains of eps15 and the product of the gene END3, involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the pheromone alpha factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and suggest a possible role for eps15 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammals.
The Baroreﬂex as a Long-Term Controller of Arterial Pressure

Pressure-induced stretch of carotid sinus baroreceptors is transduced into an electrical signal in afferent ﬁ- bers in the carotid sinus nerve (Hering’s nerve), a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), and impulses then travel to the NTS, the initial central site of termination of baroreceptor afferents. In turn, NTS neurons activate inhibitory neurons in the CVLM that project to the RVLM. Projections from RVLM neurons to preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord account for basal sym- pathetic outﬂow to the periphery. Thus pressure-induced baroreceptor activation of the NTS and CVLM neurons suppresses central sympathetic outﬂow by inhibiting the RVLM. This medullary brain circuit is also activated by electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus leading to substantial long-term reductions in sympathetic activity and arterial pressure. With the current Barostem neo system, a miniaturized stimulating elec- trode is sutured to the surface of the carotid sinus and is connected to an internally implantable pulse generator that is externally programmable by radiofrequency control. NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius; CVLM, caudal ventolateral medulla; RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Fueling Violence Instead of Education? The Effect of Oil Price Booms on Educational Attainment

Contrary to what intuition would suggest, oil price booms could have null or even negative effects on educational attainment. This paper explores violence as one driving force behind these results, in the context of a long standing civil conflict in Colombia. The article proposes that oil price booms fuel violence, which could undermine any plausible positive effect of higher oil resources on school enrollment. To assess how oil price shocks affect educational outcomes, this paper exploits exogenous price shocks in international oil markets and rich geographic variation in oil production. The estimates suggest that the rise in oil prices between 1998 and 2005 had limited effects on years of schooling and on whether children are behind grade for their age. Moreover, the evidence suggests that oil price booms had small but surprising negative effects on primary school enrollment. These results seem to be explained by the fact that the additional oil resources were invested in social sectors different than education, and by oil price booms fueling the civil conflict in Colombia. Indeed, it is found that instead of improving education, the higher oil revenue gave incentives to illegal right wing paramilitary groups to steal oil resources, resulting in a 8% increase in paramilitary violence in oil municipalities. Department of Economics and Ford School of Public Policy. monihern@umich.edu. I would like to thank 1 Sue Dynarski, Brian Jacob, Jeff Smith and Hoyt Bleakley for constant support, mentorship and advice. Thanks also to Eric Chyn, Valentina Duque, Anne Fitzpatrick, Catalina Franco, Max Kapustin, Gaurav Khanna, Johannes Norling, Giovani Ortiz, Patricia Padilla and seminar participants at the University of Michigan who have provided countless helpful comments. I am grateful with Juan Vargas and Fabio Sánchez for generously sharing their data with me, and with José Lenin Galindo for sharing his knowledge of the Colombian public finance system. Any errors are my own.
Peptide Dose and/or Structure in Vaccines as a Determinant of T Cell Responses

While T cells recognise the complex of peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) at the cell surface, changes in the dose and/or structure of the peptide component can have profound effects on T cell activation and function. In addition, the repertoire of T cells capable of responding to any given peptide is variable, but broader than a single clone. Consequently, peptide parameters that affect the interaction between T cells and peptide/MHC have been shown to select particular T cell clones for expansion and this impacts on clearance of disease. T cells with high functional avidity are selected on low doses of peptide, while low avidity T cells are favoured in high peptide concentrations. Altering the structure of the peptide ligand can also influence the selection and function of peptide-specific T cell clones. In this review, we will explore the evidence that the choice of peptide dose or the structure of the peptide are critical parameters in an effective vaccine designed to activate T cells.
A Web-scale Study of the Adoption and Evolution of the schema.org Vocabulary over Time

Promoted by major search engines, schema.org has become a widely adopted standard for marking up structured data in HTML web pages. In this paper, we use a series of large-scale Web crawls to analyze the evolution and adoption of schema.org over time. The availability of data from different points in time for both the schema and the websites deploying data allows for a new kind of empirical analysis of standards adoption, which has not been possible before. To conduct our analysis, we compare different versions of the schema.org vocabulary to the data that was deployed on hundreds of thousands of Web pages at different points in time. We measure both top-down adoption (i.e., the extent to which changes in the schema are adopted by data providers) as well as bottom-up evolution (i.e., the extent to which the actually deployed data drives changes in the schema). Our empirical analysis shows that both processes can be observed.
Power saving in multiuser adaptive modulation transmission

A transmitter power saving mechanism is presented in this paper where an Adaptive Modulation (AM) strategy is performed by the system. The power saving is accomplished by fixing a predefined Quality of Service (QoS) indicator in the system through the demanded application Symbol Error Rate (SER). The obtained results are encouraging as they show a great decrease in the system power budget. The mutliuser system capability is also exploited to achieve larger power saving values, by scheduling the user with the best channel characteristics at each time instant. The system saved power is then presented through a closed form expression and compared its results to computer simulations where a very tight performance is obtained.
How Bad Could It Be? Alcohol Dampens Stress Responses to Threat of Uncertain Intensity

Stress response dampening is an important motive for alcohol use. However, stress reduction via alcohol (alcohol SRD) is observed inconsistently in the laboratory, and this has raised questions about the precise mechanisms and boundary conditions for these effects. Emerging evidence indicates that alcohol SRD may be observed selectively during uncertain but not certain threats. In a final sample of 89 participants, we measured stress response via potentiation of defensive startle reflex in response to threat of shock in blocks with certain (low and high) and uncertain shock intensity. Our alcohol-administration procedure produced blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) across a broad range (0.00%–0.12%) across participants. Increasing BACs were associated with linearly decreasing startle potentiation and self-reported anxiety. This SRD effect was greater during uncertain than certain threat. More broadly, these results suggest that distinct mechanisms are involved in response to threats of uncertain intensity and threats of certain intensity.
Cognitive Hierarchy Theory for Distributed Resource Allocation in the Internet of Things

In this paper, the problem of distributed resource allocation is studied for an Internet of Things (IoT) system, composed of a heterogeneous group of nodes compromising both machine-type devices (MTDs) and human-type devices (HTDs). The problem is formulated as a noncooperative game between the heterogeneous IoT devices which seek to find the optimal time allocation so as to meet their quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in terms of energy, rate, and latency. Since the strategy space of each device is dependent on the actions of the other devices, the generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) solution is first characterized, and the conditions for uniqueness of the GNE are derived. Then, to explicitly capture the heterogeneity of the devices, in terms of resource constraints and QoS needs, a novel and more realistic game-theoretic approach, based on the behavioral framework of cognitive hierarchy (CH) theory, is proposed. This approach is then shown to enable the IoT devices to reach a CH equilibrium (CHE), a concept that takes into account the various levels of rationality corresponding to the heterogeneous computational capabilities and the information accessible for each one of the MTDs and HTDs. Simulation results show that the CHE solution maintains a stable performance. In particular, the proposed CHE solution keeps the percentage of devices with satisfied QoS constraints above 96% for IoT networks containing up to 10000 devices without considerably degrading the overall system performance in terms of the total utility. Simulation results also show that the proposed CHE solution brings a two-fold increase in the total rate of HTDs and deceases the total energy consumed by MTDs by 78% compared with the equal time policy.
Nonprofits and Government: Collaboration and Conflict

The dynamic relationship between government and nonprofits changes in response to shifts in society, politics, and policy. Sometimes complementary, sometimes adversarial? and sometimes both? the collaboration is vital to developing and maintaining civil society. Practitioners, researchers, and policymakers alike will benefit from the authors' wide-ranging discussion of major policy issues, including a comparison of nonprofit and government resources, regulatory and tax policy, advocacy, devolution, value-based clashes in religion and the arts, nonprofits and for-profits, and international perspectives.
Simulation and Refinement of Directional Source Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents the different problems encountered in sensor networks today, precisely the problem of routing. The directional source aware routing protocol (DSAP) is described along with its principle and is simulated using the network simulator OMNET++ useful for debugging, illustration purposes or performance evaluation, and providing a collection of tools that help modifying or implementing new features in an easy fashion. The results of the simulation are commented, the limitations of the current version of DSAP are analyzed along with possible enhancements
Gröbner basis solutions to satellite trajectory control by pole placement

Controlling satellite trajectories is an important problem. In [12], an approach to the pole placement for the synthesis of a linear controller has been presented. It leads to solving five polynomial equations in nine unknown elements of the state space matrices of a compensator. This is an underconstrained system and therefore four of the unknown elements need to be considered as free parameters and set to some prior values to obtain a system of five equations in five unknowns. In [12], this system was solved for one chosen set of free parameters by Dixon resultants. In this work, we study and present Gröbner basis solutions to this problem of computation of a dynamic compensator for the satellite for different combinations of free input parameters. We show that the Gröbner basis method for solving systems of polynomial equations leads to very simple solutions for all combinations of free parameters. These solutions require to perform only the Gauss-Jordan elimination of a small matrix and computation of roots of a single variable polynomial. The maximum degree of this polynomial is not greater than six in general but for most combinations of the input free parameters its degree is even lower.
Bubbles in Metropolitan Housing Markets

A commonsense and empirically supported approach to explaining metropolitan real house price changes is for the theory to describe an equilibrium price level to which the market is constantly adjusting. The determinants of real house price appreciation, then, can be divided into two groups, one that explains changes in the equilibrium price and the other that accounts for the adjustment dynamics or changing deviations from the equilibrium price. The former group includes the growth in real income and real construction costs and changes in the real after-tax interest rate. The latter group consists of lagged real appreciation and the difference between the actual and equilibrium real house price levels. Either group of variables can explain a little over two-fifths of the variation in real house price movements in 30 cities over the 1977-92 period; together, they explain three-fifths.
On reciprocal Behavior in Prisoner Dilemma game

In this paper, we introduce the concept of payoff distortion in the standard prisoner's dilemma game when strategies are driven by psychological behaviors. This concept enables to take account each player's assessment of the other player's behavior and the asymmetry of information. We determine the conditions which allow that mutual cooperation constitutes the equilibrium. we particularly focus on the reciprocity in case of complete and incomplete information about the payoffi distortion. We show that mutual cooperation is a Nash equilibrium with complete information and is a Bayesian equilibrium when each player believes that his opponent behaves with "large" reciprocity in incomplete information environment.
Searching energy-efficient route for mobile robot with ant algorithm

Recently, the ant algorithm has been widely used to solve the problem of searching for optimization route from various different paths. The ant algorithm can also be applied for searching an appropriate route that consumes less energy in mobile robot area, which is similar problem domain. However, in order to apply, the ant algorithm is required to adapt due to the factor of energy that must be considered in addition to the distance alone. This paper presents the adaptation of ant algorithm to solve the problem of searching energy-efficient route for mobile robot. The adapted ant algorithm deploys a speed, which is employed to find the energy to move the robot in each route, to generate pheromones used to define the probability that the ants will choose for the best route. Then, the distance is used as a weighting factor to discover the energy-efficient route in terms of distance and speed by simulation. The results from adapted ant algorithm are also used to compare with the conventional ant algorithm for investigation. The simulation results expressed that, when using the speed with the distance to weight, the average distance is shortest. Consequently, when transforming into the energy, the result is much lower as well. Therefore, the adaptation of ant algorithm can improve the result of searching problem for optimization route that consumes less energy, which is a limited resource of mobile robot.
Music selection using the PartyVote democratic jukebox

PartyVote is a democratic music jukebox designed to give all participants an equal influence on the music played at social gatherings or parties. PartyVote is designed to provide appropriate music in established social groups with minimal user interventions and no pre-existing user profiles. The visualization uses dimensionality reduction to show song similarity and overlays information about how votes affect the music played. Visualizing voting decisions allows users to link music selections with individuals, providing social awareness. Traditional group norms can subsequently be leveraged to maintain fair system use and empower users.
Signature invariants of links from irregular covers and non-abelian covers

Signature invariants of odd dimensional links from irregular covers and non-abelian covers of complements are obtained by using the technique of Casson and Gordon. We show that the invariants vanish for slice links and can be considered as invariants under Fm-link concordance. We illustrate examples of links that are not slice but behave as slice links for any invariants from abelian covers.
Mathematical Treatment for Constructing a countermeasure against the one time pad attack on the Baptista Type Cryptosystem

The relationship between chaos and cryptography makes it natural to employ chaotic systems to design new cryptosystems. It is based on the facts that chaotic signals are usually noise-like and chaotic systems are very sensitive to initial conditions. Their sensitivity to initial conditions and their spreading out of trajectories over the whole interval seems to be a model that satisfies the classic Shannon requirements of confusion and diffusion (Shannon, 1949). From 1989 onwards, many different chaotic encryption systems have been proposed. The most celebrated cryptosystems based on the ergodicity property of ABSTRACT
A NEW MODELING OF THE PEDESTRIANS EVACUATION IN PANIC SITUATIONS BASED ON VICSEK MODEL

Nowadays, evacuation problem is critical since it is used in many applications. These applications include sites where masses of people gather such as sporting events, transportation centers, and concerts. A relevant objective is how to consider the mobility of pedestrians in a room in order to improve evacuation times. In this paper, we realistically simulate how human communication affects the behavior of individuals’ pedestrians using a modified Vicsek model. The considered modifications of the original model are achieved by introducing more features and parameters into the original model. The simulation results show that evacuation time is greatly affected by several factors, such as, number of pedestrians (density), the panic situation and the chance to find an appropriate exit and escape paths
Protecting SIP against Very Large Flooding DoS Attacks

The use of the Internet for VoIP communications has seen an important increase over the last few years, with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as the most popular protocol used for signaling. Unfortunately, SIP devices are quite vulnerable to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, many of them becoming unresponsive and even resetting with floods of only hundreds of packets per second. In this paper we introduce SIP Defender, a new distributed filtering architecture designed to protect SIP devices against large, flooding DoS attacks. In addition, we describe the implementation of the architecture's SIP Controllers, the network devices in charge of performing the actual filtering. We further present testbed performance figures for these, showing that a controller built on commodity hardware can forward an impressive 2.5 million packets per second for small SIP packets while applying one million filters as well as anti-spoofing mechanisms.
How Much Has De-Unionisation Contributed to the Rise in Male Earnings Inequality?

This paper estimates the effect of changing union density on earnings differentials and inequality among male workers in the U.S. and on industry earnings differentials among OECD countries. For the U.S. the evidence indicates that the fall in union density contributed to the 1980s increase in earnings inequality. Cross section-based estimates of union wage effects suggest that 40-50% of the rise in the white collar premium. 15-40% of the rise in the college premium. and 20% of the rise in the standard deviation of In earnings for all men are attributable to the fall in union density. Longitudinal-based estimates of union wage effects suggest that deunionization contributed less to the rise in differentials. Still. the dispersion of earnings grew as much among organized workers as among otherwise comparable nonunion workers, so that overall dispersion would have risen substantially even if the entire work force had been organized. Deunionization was thus a factor in the rise in inequality but not the factor. The cross-country comparisons show that earnings distributions are more compact among union workers than among nonunion workers in OECD countries with different union densities, types of union movements, and with very different union/nonunion wage differentials, making the relation between unionism and dispersion a general outcome of unionism. not something specific to U.S. institutions. In addition, they indicate that earnings differentials by industry are smaller and increased less in the 1980s in highly unionized countries than in less unionized countries, suggesting that strong national union movements can partially offset market pressures for rising inequality.
Robust Diversity Technique and New MCFH-SS System

This paper presents new multicarrier frequency hopping spread spectrum (MCFH-SS) system by employing our newly developed large girth Quasi-Cyclic low density parity check (QC-LDPC) codes [10]. The newly obtained codes are employed as a forward error correction codes in MCFH-SS system to cater for some anti-jamming (AJ) competences with DPSK modulation. The bit error rate (BER) of MCFH-SS system with newly obtained codes significantly outperforms a fast frequency hopping spread spectrum (FFH-SS) system with a difference of BER = 10 at fraction bandwidth ( 1 − 1 ρ = ).
Comparing apples and oranges?: trends in IVC simulations

Looking back at recent years in Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) research, tremendous improvements in precision and realism of simulation models concerning all its aspects can be observed. These models offer a vast number of parameters, enabling investigations of a huge variety of different scenarios. Reviewing simulation studies published at major vehicular network conferences from 2009 to 2011, we reflect on the impact of these developments. We are glad to present a clear trend to conduct simulations based on a consolidated set of established standards, models, and tools. However, looking at individual papers, we commonly find key information (such as the used model) missing. We argue that this trend threatens to compromise both the reproducibility and the comparability of simulations conducted, but acknowledge that space constraints often make it impossible to describe current, complex simulations in full. We hope that the presented commonly used basic building blocks of simulations can serve as first step towards deriving an agreed-upon set to base IVC simulations on and, thus, ultimately, help keep future research reproducible and comparable.