Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Effects of Nutritional Supplementation in Childhood.

Most nutrition intervention studies in chronically undernour-ished settings have short-term objectives: to change knowl-edge, attitudes, or behavior; to increase intakes of the target nutrients; and to improve nutritional status. There is a vast lit-erature covering multiple approaches to intervention, of multiple nutrients provided singly or in combination, at multiple recipient ages, from pregnancy through to adulthood. Improving child nutrition is a worthy goal. However, what is of real interest is whether this will improve long-term outcomes—how these children will develop into adulthood. Key long-term measures of success include schooling and other measures of educational achievement, mental health, family formation, em-ployment choices, and chronic disease development. Despite the importance of this question and the need for high-quality evidence to inform policies, there have been few long-term intervention studies of the impact of nutrition in early life on adult outcomes. The challenges are daunting: the need to plan for and prevent attrition in studies that will last decades; the need to measure, if not control, the intermediate pathways through which the intervention is hypothesized to op-erate; and the limited time horizon of most funders. Studies that use nutritional status, typically measures of height for age, as proxies for nutritional intakes can be challenging to interpret because multiple factors affect growth. Random-ized trials with long-term follow-up are few and far between. Observational studies that follow individuals with known intakes in childhood are more frequent, but are subject to confounding, largely related to the inability to address omitted-variable bias. Some evidence comes from quasi-experimental studies. An early exemplar the et al. acute Dutch of variation in mental performance as assessed by standardized tests
CISUC-KIS: Tackling Message Polarity Classification with a Large and Diverse Set of Features

This paper presents the approach of the CISUC-KIS team to the SemEval 2014 task on Sentiment Analysis in Twitter, more precisely subtask B - Message Polarity Classification. We followed a machine learning approach where a SVM classifier was trained from a large and diverse set of features that included lexical, syntactic, sentiment and semantic-based aspects. This led to very interesting results which, in different datasets, put us always in the top-7 scores, including second position in the LiveJournal2014 dataset.
Creating and Maintaining Ethical Work Climates: Anomie in the Workplace and Implications for Managing Change

This paper examines how unethical behavior in the workplace occurs when management places inordinately strong emphasis on goal attainment without a corresponding emphasis on following legitimate procedures. Robert Merton’s theory of social structure and anomie provides a foundation to discuss this argument. Key factors affecting ethical climates in work organizations are also addressed. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes strategies for developing and changing aspects of organizational culture to reduce anomie, thereby creating work climates which discourage unethical practices and provide employees with mechanisms to resolve ethical conflicts in a constructive way.
The evolution of size and shape

The phenomenon of growth in program size in genetic programming populations has been widely reported. In a variety of experiments and static analysis we test the standard protective code explanation and find it to be incomplete. We suggest bloat is primarily due to distribution of fitness in the space of possible programs and because of this, in the absence of bias, it is in general inherent in any search technique using a variable length representation. We investigate the fitness landscape produced by program tree-based genetic operators when acting upon points in the search space. We show bloat in common operators is primarily due to the exponential shape of the underlying search space. Nevertheless we demonstrate new operators with considerably reduced bloating characteristics. We also describe mechanisms whereby bloat arises and relate these back to the shape of the search space. Finally we show our simple random walk entropy increasing model is able to predict the shape of evolved programs.
Computationally Feasible Automated Mechanism Design: General Approach and Case Studies

In many multiagent settings, a decision must be made based on the preferences of multiple agents, and agents may lie about their preferences if this is to their benefit. In mechanism design, the goal is to design procedures (mechanisms) for making the decision that work in spite of such strategic behavior, usually by making untruthful behavior suboptimal. In automated mechanism design, the idea is to computationally search through the space of feasible mechanisms, rather than to design them analytically by hand. Unfortunately, the most straightforward approach to automated mechanism design does not scale to large instances, because it requires searching over a very large space of possible functions. In this paper, we describe an approach to automated mechanism design that is computationally feasible. Instead of optimizing over all feasible mechanisms, we carefully choose a parameterized subfamily of mechanisms. Then we optimize over mechanisms within this family, and analyze whether and to what extent the resulting mechanism is suboptimal outside the subfamily. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach with two case studies.
Shared Decision Making in Neonatal Quality Improvement

Since the Institute of Medicine published Crossing the Quality Chasm in 2001, healthcare systems have become more focused on improving the quality of healthcare delivery. At Oregon Health & Science University and Doernbecher Children's Hospital, we recognize the need to take an interprofessional, team-based approach to improving the care we provide to our current and future patients. We describe here an ongoing quality improvement project in the Doernbecher Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with specific attention to the factors we believe have contributed to the implementation and early success of the project. These factors include the history of quality improvement work in our NICU and in the field of neonatology, the “dyad leadership” structure under which we operate in our NICU, and our developing understanding of the concept of “team intelligence. ” These elements have led to the formation of a team that can practice shared decision making and work as one to realize a shared goal.
The Student Directed Classroom: A Model for Teaching Experiential Education Theory

How can we teach a theory of what we practice? How can we come down off the ropes course, return from interviewing Aunt Arie, or put away our New Games props and sit down in the class­ room to learn experiential education philosophy? How can discussions about Dewey's ideas, lesson plans, Summerhill, moral development, ethics of teaching, motivation and a host of other questions grounded in the basic foundations of experiential education come alive in a classroom setting? How can we give future teachers a sound theoretical framework to use in teaching experientially? The answer, of course, is experientially. The Model
2 An Architecture for System Resilience

Mission critical systems are characterized by their extreme availability and QoS requirements, often associated with time-critical operations in potentially compromised, adversarial environments. Such systems needed to be robust and resilient in order to handle benign anomalous behavior or intentional cyber attacks and learn from experience to improve its resistance to subsequent attacks. The success of a mission is primarily depends on the uninterrupted availability of critical servers (host systems) through secure communication providing degree of performances of different subsystems and components, called mission assurance. This paper introduces a resilient architecture that provides the capabilities by combining a local monitoring and control mechanism for system applications, with distributed coordination strategies for mission management and immunization. Our approach is inspired by the way in which natural systems survive and evolve in response to environmental changes, adversaries and peer pressures.
How many random edges make a dense hypergraph non‐2‐colorable?

We study a model of random uniform hypergraphs, where a random instance is obtained by adding random edges to a large hypergraph of a given density. The research on this model for graphs has been started by Bohman et al. (Random Struct Algorithms 22 (2003) 33–42), and continued in (Bohman et al., Random Struct Algorithms 24 (2004) 105–117) and (Krivelevich et al., Random Struct Algorithms 29 (2006), 180–193). Here we obtain a tight bound on the number of random edges required to ensure non‐2‐colorability. We prove that for any k‐uniform hypergraph with Ω(nk‐ε) edges, adding ω(nkε/2) random edges makes the hypergraph almost surely non‐2‐colorable. This is essentially tight, since there is a 2‐colorable hypergraph with Ω(nk‐ε) edges which almost surely remains 2‐colorable even after adding o(nkε/2) random edges. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2008
Caves, Temples, Palaces and Bazaars Building with Jack Hirshleifer’s bricks

There is more to economic activity than just a bright side and a dark side. There are other ways of thinking, other ways of choosing among strategies, other rationalities, other ethics and other institutional systems. I will propose in this paper to arrange these systems into four layers: Caves, Temples, Palaces and Bazaars. I believe this classification will allow us to better understand some apparently irrational behavior and the way we interact with each other.
Staphylococcus hyicus Bacteremia in a Farmer

ABSTRACT Bacteria known in animal infectious diseases can cause challenges in human diagnostic laboratories. We present pitfalls in the identification and susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus hyicus, a pathogen that typically causes exudative epidermitis in pigs. In this case, the coagulase-positive staphylococcus isolated from a septic patient was misidentified as Staphylococcus aureus.
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium systemic infection of wild type and immune-deficient mice

Salmonella enterica are a threat to public health. Current vaccines are not fully effective. The ability to grow in infected tissues within phagocytes is required for S. enterica virulence in systemic disease. As the infection progresses the bacteria are exposed to a complex host immune response. Consequently, in order to continue growing in the tissues, S. enterica requires the coordinated regulation of fitness genes. Bacterial gene regulation has so far been investigated largely using exposure to artificial environmental conditions or to in vitro cultured cells, and little information is available on how S. enterica adapts in vivo to sustain cell division and survival. We have studied the transcriptome, proteome and metabolic flux of Salmonella, and the transcriptome of the host during infection of wild type C57BL/6 and immune-deficient gp91-/-phox mice. Our analyses advance the understanding of how S. enterica and the host behaves during infection to a more sophisticated level than has previously been reported.
Coronary Artery Endothelial Transcriptome In Vivo: Identification of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species by Gene Connectivity Network Analysis

Background— Endothelial function is central to the localization of atherosclerosis. The in vivo endothelial phenotypic footprints of arterial bed identity and site-specific atherosusceptibility are addressed. Methods and Results— Ninety-eight endothelial cell samples from 13 discrete coronary and noncoronary arterial regions of varying susceptibilities to atherosclerosis were isolated from 76 normal swine. Transcript profiles were analyzed to determine the steady-state in vivo endothelial phenotypes. An unsupervised systems biology approach using weighted gene coexpression networks showed highly correlated endothelial genes. Connectivity network analysis identified 19 gene modules, 12 of which showed significant association with circulatory bed classification. Differential expression of 1300 genes between coronary and noncoronary artery endothelium suggested distinct coronary endothelial phenotypes, with highest significance expressed in gene modules enriched for biological functions related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein binding, regulation of transcription and translation, and redox homeostasis. Furthermore, within coronary arteries, comparison of endothelial transcript profiles of susceptible proximal regions to protected distal regions suggested the presence of ER stress conditions in susceptible sites. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species throughout coronary endothelium was greater than in noncoronary endothelium consistent with coronary artery ER stress and lower endothelial expression of antioxidant genes in coronary arteries. Conclusions— Gene connectivity analyses discriminated between coronary and noncoronary endothelial transcript profiles and identified differential transcript levels associated with increased ER and oxidative stress in coronary arteries consistent with enhanced susceptibility to atherosclerosis.
Increased Langerhans cell accumulation after mycobacterial stimuli

Aims: To evaluate the role of Langerhans cells (LCs) in the local activation of leprosy lesions. LCs, acting as tolerance inducers and immune stimuli, are dendritic cells recently implicated in cutaneous homeostasis. The role of LCs in the defence against mycobacterial infection remains poorly understood.
Politics of Intraexecutive Conflict in Semipresidential Regimes in Eastern Europe

This article analyzes the patterns of intraexecutive conflict and cooperation in East European democracies that adopted semipresidential constitutional frameworks. It explores how the coexistence of popularly elected presidents and prime ministers is shaped by constitutional provisions, parliamentary fragmentation, and party system characteristics. The article emphasizes a critical role that party systems play in the evolution of intraexecutive relations across the region. It argues that variations in the political status of the cabinet, in the character of parliamentary composition, and in the constitutional powers of the president affect both the type and frequency of intraexecutive conflict experienced by semipresidential regimes.
Exploitation of bacterial N-linked glycosylation to develop a novel recombinant glycoconjugate vaccine against Francisella tularensis

Glycoconjugate-based vaccines have proved to be effective at producing long-lasting protection against numerous pathogens. Here, we describe the application of bacterial protein glycan coupling technology (PGCT) to generate a novel recombinant glycoconjugate vaccine. We demonstrate the conjugation of the Francisella tularensis O-antigen to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrier protein exotoxin A using the Campylobacter jejuni PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. The resultant recombinant F. tularensis glycoconjugate vaccine is expressed in Escherichia coli where yields of 3 mg l−1 of culture were routinely produced in a single-step purification process. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with the purified glycoconjugate boosted IgG levels and significantly increased the time to death upon subsequent challenge with F. tularensis subsp. holarctica. PGCT allows different polysaccharide and protein combinations to be produced recombinantly and could be easily applicable for the production of diverse glycoconjugate vaccines.
A New Approach to Planar Point Location

Given a planar straight line graph G with n vertices and a point $P_0 $, locating $P_0 $ means to find the region of the planar subdivision induced by G which contains $P_0 $. Recently, Lipton and Tarjan presented a brilliant but extremely complex point location algorithm which runs in time $O(\log n)$ on a data structure using $O(n)$ storage. This paper presents a practical algorithm which runs in less than $6\lceil {\log _2 n} \rceil $ comparisons on a data structure which uses $O(n\log n)$ storage, in the worst case. The method rests crucially on a simple partition of each edge of G into $O(\log n)$ segments.
Localization of cellular transglutaminase on the extracellular matrix after wounding: Characteristics of the matrix bound enzyme

Extending our previous observation that tissue transglutaminase (TGase) binds to extracellular matrix (ECM) fibronectin, we report here that endogenous tissue TGase is localized on the adjacent ECM after puncture wounding embryonic human lung fibroblasts (WI‐38). The bound TGase persisted at the wound site for many hours, demonstrated by immunofluorescence and by catalytic activity using an overlay assay. The binding characteristics of TGase with ECM were studied further by the addition of exogenous TGase to cell monolayers and monitoring by immunofluorescence or overlay catalytic activity assays. Binding occurred equally well at 4°C or 37°C. Prior incubation of exogenous TGase with guanosine 5′‐triphosphate (GTP), guanosine 5′‐diphosphate (GDP), or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) had little effect on the amount bound to matrix, but prior treatment with calcium, magnesium, strontium, or manganese ions enhanced binding 2‐to 3‐fold. The Ca++‐dependent change was a concentration‐dependent effect on soluble exogenous TGase, rather than an effect on ECM. Immunofluorescent techniques showed that binding of exogenous TGase to ECM was prevented by prior mixing with fibronectin or collagen, but not with several other ECM components, including laminin, elastin, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. ECM‐bound TGase was released by 2 M potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) treatment but was not released by treatment with a variety of amino acids, salts, reducing agents, glycerol, or other chaotropic agents.
The illusory dichotomy of plagiarism

Plagiarism has been characterised as a ‘major problem’ for universities. While tensions between students and universities are inevitable, the problem with the existing system of plagiarism management and prevention is that it operates to problematise the relationship between the university and the student, rather than address the core academic issues. As a result, a dichotomy is created where the student interest is constructed as adverse to that of the institution. This article argues that de-dichotomisation of the current polarity of plagiarism will open space for alternative thoughtful considerations in dealing with plagiarism positively in an institutional context.
Globalization, the Political Theory of the State and Civil Society, and the Politics of Identity in the Context of Environmental Governance

The onslaught of globalization, like a bad storm, has caused serious implications not only to the practices of governance, but also on the body of theories that seek to explain the process of governance. The establishment of the discourse of the “global village” has eroded the power and autonomy of nation-states even as economies are increasingly becoming globalized. However, it is also evident that the power of civil societies within the boundaries of nation-states, and in the transnational arena has strengthened considerably. Also present is the awakening of cultural activism and women-based movements as a way of asserting the articulation of identities along ethnic or racial and gender lines. This interplay between globalization and governance requires an inquiry into the specific moments in which the political theories of the state and civil societies are either engaged or demolished; the manner by which politics of identity find their way to intervene and colonize the spaces which are left open by the unraveling of the colonial and patriarchal binds of the modern nation-state; and the manner by which globalization reasserts its agenda and recolonizes the spaces that are opened by identity-based politics. The final task is to locate these in the nexus of environmental resources governance.
Options for control of foot-and-mouth disease: knowledge, capability and policy

Foot-and-mouth disease can be controlled by zoo-sanitary measures and vaccination but this is difficult owing to the existence of multiple serotypes of the causative virus, multiple host species including wildlife and extreme contagiousness. Although intolerable to modern high-production livestock systems, the disease is not usually fatal and often not a priority for control in many developing countries, which remain reservoirs for viral dissemination. Phylogenetic analysis of the viruses circulating worldwide reveals seven principal reservoirs, each requiring a tailored regional control strategy. Considerable trade benefits accrue to countries that eradicate the disease but as well as requiring regional cooperation, achieving and maintaining this status using current tools takes a great deal of time, money and effort. Therefore, a progressive approach is needed that can provide interim benefits along the pathway to final eradication. Research is needed to understand and predict the patterns of viral persistence and emergence and to improve vaccine selection. Better diagnostic methods and especially better vaccines could significantly improve control in both the free and the affected parts of the world. In particular, vaccines with improved thermostability and a longer duration of immunity would facilitate control and make it less reliant on advanced veterinary infrastructures.
Defining the Predicted Protein Secretome of the Fungal Wheat Leaf Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola

The Dothideomycete fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola is the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch, a devastating disease of wheat leaves that causes dramatic decreases in yield. Infection involves an initial extended period of symptomless intercellular colonisation prior to the development of visible necrotic disease lesions. Previous functional genomics and gene expression profiling studies have implicated the production of secreted virulence effector proteins as key facilitators of the initial symptomless growth phase. In order to identify additional candidate virulence effectors, we re-analysed and catalogued the predicted protein secretome of M. graminicola isolate IPO323, which is currently regarded as the reference strain for this species. We combined several bioinformatic approaches in order to increase the probability of identifying truly secreted proteins with either a predicted enzymatic function or an as yet unknown function. An initial secretome of 970 proteins was predicted, whilst further stringent selection criteria predicted 492 proteins. Of these, 321 possess some functional annotation, the composition of which may reflect the strictly intercellular growth habit of this pathogen, leaving 171 with no functional annotation. This analysis identified a protein family encoding secreted peroxidases/chloroperoxidases (PF01328) which is expanded within all members of the family Mycosphaerellaceae. Further analyses were done on the non-annotated proteins for size and cysteine content (effector protein hallmarks), and then by studying the distribution of homologues in 17 other sequenced Dothideomycete fungi within an overall total of 91 predicted proteomes from fungal, oomycete and nematode species. This detailed M. graminicola secretome analysis provides the basis for further functional and comparative genomics studies.