Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Optimization of a Synchronous Homopolar Motor with Ferrite Magnets for Subway Train

Brushless synchronous homopolar machines (SHM) have long been used as highly reliable motors and generators with an excitation winding on the stator. However, a significant disadvantage that limits their use in traction applications is the reduced specific torque due to the incomplete use of the rotor surface. One possible way to improve the torque density of SHMs is to add inexpensive ferrite magnets in the rotor slots. This paper presents the results of optimizing the performances of an SHM with ferrite magnets for a subway train, considering the timing diagram of train movement. A comparison of its characteristics with an SHM without permanent magnets is also presented. When using the SHM with ferrite magnets, a significant reduction in the dimensions and weight of the motor, as well as power loss, is shown.
New Bounds on American Option Prices

In this article, we develop new upper and lower bounds on American option prices which improve the bounds by Broadie and Detemple. The main idea is the consideration of doubly capped call options which have two cap prices. We present a new option price approximation based on the two upper bounds. On average, our upper bound extrapolation (named UBE) has an average accuracy better than a 1,000 time-step binomial tree with a computation speed comparable to a 100 time-step binomial tree. We also provide a new method of approximating the optimal exercise boundaries of American options.
An inverse problem for the wave equation

Abstract In the first part of this article, we show that we can recover the coefficient q in the one-dimensional wave equation from a finite number of special lateral measurements. Moreover, if some estimates on the size of q are available, then q can be recovered from a single boundary measurement. In the second part we treat the multidimensional case and show how we can reconstruct the coefficient q from a sequence of boundary measurements taken at one point only.
Likelihood-Based Inference for Weak Exogeneity in I(2) Cointegrated VAR Models

This article develops limit theory for likelihood analysis of weak exogeneity in I(2) cointegrated vector autoregressive (VAR) models incorporating deterministic terms. Conditions for weak exogeneity in I(2) VAR models are reviewed, and the asymptotic properties of conditional maximum likelihood estimators and a likelihood-based weak exogeneity test are then investigated. It is demonstrated that weak exogeneity in I(2) VAR models allows us to conduct asymptotic conditional inference based on mixed Gaussian distributions. It is then proved that a log-likelihood ratio test statistic for weak exogeneity in I(2) VAR models is asymptotically χ2 distributed. The article also presents an empirical illustration of the proposed test for weak exogeneity using Japan's macroeconomic data.
Design of stationary computed tomography baggage scanner with π-angle sparsity and compressed-sensing reconstruction: simulation study

Continuing our research on X-ray R&D for aviation security, we designed a novel stationary computed tomography (SCT) baggage scanner with π-angle sparsity, comprising several dozen pairs of nanotube-based X-ray source and linear array-type detector placed within a scan angle of 180° at an equiangular distance. Simultaneously, we developed a reconstruction method for the specific configuration adopting an iterative algorithm based on the popular compressed-sensing (CS) scheme. To validate the efficacy of the proposed SCT design, we conducted a series of simulations using a numerical baggage phantom before its practical implementation. The results showed that the proposed SCT design and corresponding reconstruction method significantly reduced the streak artifacts appearing in the filtered-backprojection (FBP) reconstruction, thereby considerably improving the image quality. The contrast-to-noise ratio evaluated under a test condition of 180°/P20/CS was approximately 16.2, approximately 4.7 and 1.1 times larger than those for 360°/P20/FBP and 360°/P20/CS, respectively. The proposed SCT design enables saving scan time, improving image quality, and restricting radiation exposure zone.
Predicting vasospasm risk using first presentation aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage volume: A semi-automated CT image segmentation analysis using ITK-SNAP

Purpose Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a significant complication associated with poor neurological outcomes. We present a novel, semi-automated pipeline, implemented in the open-source medical imaging analysis software ITK-SNAP, to segment subarachnoid blood volume from initial CT head (CTH) scans and use this to predict future radiological vasospasm. Methods 42 patients were admitted between February 2020 and December 2021 to our tertiary neurosciences center, and whose initial referral CTH scan was used for this retrospective cohort study. Blood load was segmented using a semi-automated random forest classifier and active contour evolution implemented in ITK-SNAP. Clinical data were extracted from electronic healthcare records in order to fit models aimed at predicting radiological vasospasm risk. Results Semi-automated segmentations demonstrated excellent agreement with manual, expert-derived volumes (mean Dice coefficient = 0.92). Total normalized blood volume, extracted from CTH images at first presentation, was significantly associated with greater odds of later radiological vasospasm, increasing by approximately 7% for each additional cm3 of blood (OR = 1.069, 95% CI: 1.021–1.120; p < .005). Greater blood volume was also significantly associated with vasospasm of a higher Lindegaard ratio, of longer duration, and a greater number of discrete episodes. Total blood volume predicted radiological vasospasm with a greater accuracy as compared to the modified Fisher scale (AUC = 0.86 vs 0.70), and was of independent predictive value. Conclusion Semi-automated methods provide a plausible pipeline for the segmentation of blood from CT head images in aSAH, and total blood volume is a robust, extendable predictor of radiological vasospasm, outperforming the modified Fisher scale. Greater subarachnoid blood volume significantly increases the odds of subsequent vasospasm, its time course and its severity.
Deficiency of Complement C3a and C5a receptors Does Not Prevent Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension and Hypertensive End-Organ Damage

BACKGROUND: Complement may drive the pathology of hypertension through effects on innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently an injurious role for the anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR (complement component 3a receptor) and C5aR1 (complement component 5a receptor) in the development of hypertension was shown through downregulation of Foxp3+ (forkhead box protein 3) regulatory T cells. Here, we deepen our understanding of the therapeutic potential of targeting both receptors in hypertension. METHODS: Data from the European Renal cDNA Bank, single cell sequencing and immunohistochemistry were examined in hypertensive patients. The effect of C3aR or C3aR/C5aR1 double deficiency was assessed in two models of Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension in knockout mice. RESULTS: We found increased expression of C3aR, C5aR1 and Foxp3 cells in kidney biopsies of patients with hypertensive nephropathy. Expression of both receptors was mainly found in myeloid cells. No differences in blood pressure, renal injury (albuminuria, glomerular filtration rate, glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, inflammation) or cardiac injury (cardiac fibrosis, heart weight, gene expression) between control and mutant mice was discerned in C3aR-/- as well as C3aR/C5aR1-/- double knockout mice. The number of renal Tregs was not decreased in Ang II as well as in DOCA salt induced hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertensive nephropathy in mice and men is characterized by an increase of renal regulatory T cells and enhanced expression of anaphylatoxin receptors. Our investigations do not corroborate a role for C3aR/C5aR1 axis in Ang II–induced hypertension hence challenging the concept of anaphylatoxin receptor targeting in the treatment of hypertensive disease.
Acupuncture for cancer patients with nausea and vomiting: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Nausea and vomiting are among the most common adverse effects experienced by cancer patients undergoing treatment worldwide. Their treatment with pharmacologic therapy can often be complicated by medication interactions and other unwanted side effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for treating nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer. Methods: Three electronic databases and 2 clinical registry platforms will be searched from inception to May 2022: the MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via Ovid, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via the Cochrane Library, the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and National Institutes of Health Clinical trials.gov. Search terms will include nausea, vomiting, cancer, and acupuncture. Two researchers will independently select studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias. The primary outcome will be the incidence of nausea and/or vomiting or other validated outcome measures. Meta-analysis will be carried out using RevMan V.5. 4. The quality of evidence from randomized clinical trials will be evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation System tool. Results: The results will provide a high-quality synthesis of evidence for clinicians in the field of oncology. Conclusion: The conclusion is expected to provide evidence to determine whether acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment for cancer patients with nausea and vomiting.
Hartmann’s Boundaries Questionnaire: Measuring Psychometric Properties and the Structure in a Russian-speaking Sample

Background Psychological boundaries are defined as one’s ability to distinguish various components of psychological life: conscious and subconscious, self and others. The Boundaries in the Mind concept by E. Hartmann belongs to the psychodynamic tradition and is implemented in the Boundaries Questionnaire, which assesses the thinness of one’s psychological boundaries. Its shortest version (18 items) has been adapted in Russian but is a one-scale tool. The BQ-46 version, developed by D. Rawlings, consists of six subscales which allow for structural analysis. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a Russian version of the questionnaire based on the BQ-46 and analyze its structure in a Russian-speaking sample. Design The BQ-46 was translated into Russian and back. Data collection was arranged online. Three hundred eighty-seven (387) participants filled in the Russian version of the questionnaire. Two hundred ninety-six (296) of them also filled out four additional questionnaires for convergent validity assessment, and one hundred and one (101) subjects completed a BQ-46 retest. Results The Russian version of the questionnaire (referred to as BQ-33) consists of 33 items and is a five-scale measurement tool. Its subscales are generally in line with the original BQ-46 version by D. Rawlings. The BQ-33 demonstrated acceptable-to-good reliability and good test-retest stability (r = 0.86). The convergent validity of the BQ-33 was supported by associations with the respective psychological concepts. My findings supported the idea of boundaries getting thicker with age, along with some tendency for gender differences for particular subscales. Conclusion The study results supported the validity and reliability of the BQ-33 in a Russian-speaking sample. This tool can be used to measure psychological boundaries and assess their structure.
Attachment-Related Anxiety and Religiosity as Predictors of Generalized Self-Efficacy and Dispositional Hope

Background Attachment-related anxiety and avoidance have a significant impact on self-esteem, optimism, and hope. Moreover, previous studies have shown that religiosity can also be an important factor in promoting hope and emotional regulation. Objective The first aim of this study was to explore the relationship between attachment-related anxiety, attachment-related avoidance, dispositional hope, generalized self-efficacy (GSE), future time perspective (FTP) as future time opportunities (FTO), and focus on limitations (FOL). The second purpose was to detect the effect of religiosity on hope, GSE, and FTP. Design The study involved 153 Turkish participants (Females n = 81, 52.9%), between the ages of 18 and 66, who filled out the Dispositional Hope Scale, and the Experience in Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R), FTP, and GSE inventories via a Google survey. A Pearson correlation test, multiple linear regression analysis, and an independent t-test were computed. Results Attachment-related anxiety was inversely related to dispositional hope and GSE, while it was positively associated with FOL. Attachment-related avoidance was negatively related to dispositional hope and FTO, whereas it was positively correlated with FOL. FTO was positively correlated with GSE and dispositional hope. Religious participants had a higher level of dispositional hope and GSE than non-religious participants. A lower level of attachment-related anxiety and religiosity was associated with a higher level of GSE and hope. Females showed a higher level of makeup agency than men, whereas the men reported a higher level of FOL than the women. Conclusion This study concluded that both attachment-related anxiety and religiosity were predictors of hope and GSE. Gender differences played a significant role in FOL and make-up agency. Moreover, it was found that attachment-related anxiety and avoidance have different functions in GSE and FTO.
Continuum energy distributions of quasars in the Palomar-Green Survey

Nearly simultaneous observations, from 0.3 to 2.2 µm, of the complete set of quasars found in the Palomar-Green survey are presented, along with 3.7 and 10.1 µm observations of a limited number of the quasars. The majority of the continua at rest frequencies between 10^(13.8) and 10^(15.3) Hz are consistent with fits by two power-law slopes plus a “3000 A bump. ” The spectral indices representing the lower frequency observations have a median value of -1.4, while those describing the higher frequencies have a median value of -0.2. The transition frequency between these slopes is close to 10^(14.5) Hz in the rest frame; the dispersion around this frequency is about one octave. A significant fraction of the low-redshift quasars show evidence of nebulosity within 5" of the quasar.
Predictive Modeling for Readmission to Intensive Care: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the methodologic rigor and predictive performance of models predicting ICU readmission; to understand the characteristics of ideal prediction models; and to elucidate relationships between appropriate triage decisions and patient outcomes. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase. STUDY SELECTION: Primary literature that reported the development or validation of ICU readmission prediction models within from 2010 to 2021. DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant study information was extracted independently by two authors using the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies checklist. Bias was evaluated using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool. Data sources, modeling methodology, definition of outcomes, performance, and risk of bias were critically evaluated to elucidate relevant relationships. DATA SYNTHESIS: Thirty-three articles describing models were included. Six studies had a high overall risk of bias due to improper inclusion criteria or omission of critical analysis details. Four other studies had an unclear overall risk of bias due to lack of detail describing the analysis. Overall, the most common (50% of studies) source of bias was the filtering of candidate predictors via univariate analysis. The poorest performing models used existing clinical risk or acuity scores such as Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, or Stability and Workload Index for Transfer as the sole predictor. The higher-performing ICU readmission prediction models used homogenous patient populations, specifically defined outcomes, and routinely collected predictors that were analyzed over time. CONCLUSIONS: Models predicting ICU readmission can achieve performance advantages by using longitudinal time series modeling, homogenous patient populations, and predictor variables tailored to those populations.
A novel monochromator for high heat load synchrotron x‐ray radiation

The high heat load associated with the powerful and concentrated x‐ray beams generated by insertion devices (IDs) at a number of present and many of the future (planned or under construction) synchrotron radiation facilities poses a formidable engineering challenge for the design of monochromators and other optical devices. Successful utilization of the intense x‐ray beams from insertion devices depends critically on the development, design, and availability of optical elements that provide acceptable performance under high heat load. Present monochromators can handle, at best, heat load levels that are an order of magnitude lower than those generated by these IDs. The monochromator described here, and referred to as the ‘‘inclined’’ monochromator, can provide a solution to the high heat load problem. The inclined monochromator is different in a number of aspects from other conventional monochromator designs. Its primary differentiating characteristic is in the orientation of the diffracting planes. In th.
Millimeter-wave propagation in vegetation: experiments and theory

Microwave/millimeter-wave propagation in woods and forests was investigated at 9.6, 28.8, and 57.6 GHz. The experiments were repeated over the same transmission paths, under both summer and winter conditions, i.e. with tree in leaf and without leaves. Of particular interest were the range dependence, beam broadening, and depolarization of millimeter-wave beams in vegetation and frequency dependence of these effects. The experiments have shown, in particular, that the range dependence is characterized by a high attenuation rate at short vegetation depths and a reduced attenuation rate at large depth. For trees fully in leaf, the transition between the two regimes can be abrupt and the change in attenuation rate substantial. Just after the transition significant beam broadening (and depolarization) occurs. A theory of millimeter-wave propagation in vegetation was derived using transport theory. >
The Association Between Family Social Capital and Female Entrepreneurship

Background Following the new line of research on Family Social Capital, this work focused on the adaptation and application of the Family Social Capital questionnaire to studying the association between Family Social Capital (FSC) and the intention of Russian females to start a business. Objective This study investigated the relationship between three dimensions of Family Social Capital (Structural, Cognitive, and Bonding) and components of Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) operationalized via Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior among females in Russia. Design Online survey participants (N=222) were assessed with 1) an adapted version of the FSC questionnaire (Álvarez et al., 2019); and 2) the EI questionnaire previously verified on a large Russian sample within Social Capital research (Tatarko & Schmidt, 2015). Results The study confirmed the positive relationship of EI with two dimensions of FSC: Structural FSC (namely, the frequency of time spent with significant family members) and Bonding FSC (namely, family resources that can be activated in various life situations). Both positive relationships are mediated by Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) — one’s feeling of being capable to act upon one’s intentions. The third dimension of FSC — Cognitive FSC (namely, family cohesion and intra-family trust) — showed no association with the intention to start a business among Russian females. Conclusion Russian women with higher levels of EI demonstrated higher investment in family time with significant family members (Structural FSC) and reported exposure to larger intra-family resources (Bonding FSC). These two factors, even though not strengthened with a supportive and trustworthy family atmosphere (Cognitive FSC), provided the sense of confidence and control, which empowered the women with the courage to take preliminary actions with the intention of starting their own businesses.
The second-order analysis of stationary point processes

This paper provides a rigorous foundation for the second-order analysis of stationary point processes on general spaces. It illuminates the results of Bartlett on spatial point processes, and covers the point processes of stochastic geometry, including the line and hyperplane processes of Davidson and Krickeberg. The main tool is the decomposition of moment measures pioneered by Krickeberg and Vere-Jones. Finally some practical aspects of the analysis of point processes are discussed.
Rotation dynamics of a uniaxial birefringent cylinder in an optical tweezer with a rotating polarization ellipse

We make a theoretical investigation on the rotation dynamics of a uniaxial birefringent cylinder in an optical tweezer with a rotating polarization ellipse. Analytical results have been obtained for the cylinder suspended in fluid with a low Reynolds number. They show that there are two distinct rotational states of the cylinder. In one state, the optical axis of the cylinder rotates synchronously with the rotating polarization ellipse. In another state, the optical axis rotates at a time-periodic angular velocity. We find that such a rotation feature is rooted in the angular dependence of the radiation torque exerted on the cylinder. We also notice that the transmitted light through the cylinder carries the information of rotation angle of the cylinder, which enables one to measure quantities such as the cylinder’s angular velocity and its period by detecting the power of the transmitted light.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization

Saturation of thc microwave electron paramagnetic resonance of impurities in various materials produces enhanced and reversed nuclear polarization throughout the material. This effect was investigated and is discussed in some detail for LiF single crystals. Results for other materials at microwave frequencies between 8 and 10 kMc/sec and temperatures between 1.2 and 1.6 K are presented. The variety of materials yielding a measurable effect suggests that this is a very general way of polarizing nuclei. (W.D.M.)
Bounding Approximations to Some Quadratic Limit States

In second‐order reliability problems the limit state surface is (locally) replaced by a quadratic surface. This leads to a study of quadratic forms in the basic uncertainty variables. The present paper exploits a simple, closed‐form expression for the distribution function of a special class of quadratic forms in zero‐mean Gaussian variables to obtain bounds on the distribution function of general quadratic forms in such variables. It is shown that these bounds can be used to obtain useful estimates of the failure probability for such models.