Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Static Checker for Reference Tracking Systems via Laplace Transform and Transfer Functions

We propose a static checker, based on the Laplace transform, for checking reference tracking system designs against their performance and safety requirements. It aims to ﬁlter out designs that have obvious requirement violations. This is to prevent users from performing more expensive evaluation tasks (e.g., simulation, model checking, or theorem proving) until those violations are reviewed or ﬁxed. In the process, our checker depends on domain knowledge of the Laplace transform to represent each design into a mathematical model, namely the transfer function. Then, it derives time-domain metrics and interprets them as ﬁrst-order formulas over real numbers. By doing so, we can formulate a proof obligation for checking requirement violations of a design in the Z3 SMT solver. We evaluated our approach on 10 designs from the literature and textbooks to demonstrate its practical usage and identify its limitations.
PERCOLATION THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION TO GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY

The theory of percolation, originally proposed over 30 years ago to describe flow phenomena in porous media, has undergone enormous development in recent years, primarily in the field of physics. The principal advantage of percolation theory is that it provides universal laws which determine the geometrical and physical properties of the system. This survey discusses developments and results in percolation theory to date, and identifies aspects relevant to problems in groundwater hydrology. The methods of percolation theory are discussed, previous applications of the theory to hydrological problems are reviewed, and future directions for study are suggested.
Numerical Modeling of Tidal Wave Runup

A numerical solution for the 2 + 1 (long-shore and onshore propagation directions and time) nonlinear shallow-water wave equations, without friction factors or artificial viscosity is presented. The models use a splitting method to generate two 1 + 1 propagation problems, one in the onshore and the other in long-shore direction. Both are solved in characteristic form using the method of characteristics. A shoreline algorithm is implemented, which is the generalization of the earlier 1 + 1 algorithm used in the code VTCS-2. The model is validated using large-scale laboratory data from solitary wave experiments attacking a conical island. The method is applied then to model the 1993 Okushiri, Japan, the 1994 Kuril Island, Russia, and the 1996 Chimbote, Peru tsunamis. It is found that the model can reproduce correctly overland flow and even extreme events such as the 30-m runup and the 20-m/s inundation velocities inferred during field surveys. The results suggest that bathymetric and topographic resolution .
Computing in the Network

Inexpensive wireless networks have transformed once autonomous mobile devices like Personal Digital Assistants and mobile sensors into nodes of large distributed systems. Existing approaches to executing mobile code do not make sufficient use of the available network infrastructure but instead rely on node-local Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation. In this paper we present a novel infrastructure-based network computing approach. Instead of embedding a JIT compiler component into every mobile device we shift the mobile code optimization and compilation effort to the network infrastructure. This conserves resources on the mobile device in terms of processor time, memory and battery consumption. By serving as a transparent proxy the network infrastructure intercepts mobile code fragments and transmits optimized native code to the PDA for immediate execution. Caching techniques are employed to speed up repeated compilation requests. To evaluate the feasibility of our network-based compilation architecture, we have implemented a research prototype, which we also present in this paper.
Cirrus cloud microphysical properties and air motion statistics using cloud radar Doppler moments: Water content, particle size, and sedimentation relationships

Improved knowledge of ice cloud properties and the processes that maintain them is needed for modeling applications. A cirrus cloud property retrieval algorithm is applied to a 7‐year Cloud Radar data set collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program ground sites. With this dataset, the ice cloud vertical structure is studied in terms of Temperature (T). Then the interrelationships between the ice particle size, ice water content (IWC), and mass‐weighted sedimentation rate are investigated. The mass‐weighted sedimentation rate is usually parameterized as a function T only or IWC only. Here, the mass weighted sedimentation rate is parameterized as a joint function of ice water content and T for both midlatitude and tropical ice clouds. We further examine the validity of several commonly used GCM parameterizations of ice sedimentation rate in comparison to the cirrus cloud results derived from measurements.
Umkehr observations of vertical ozone distributions of Beijing in recent 13 years

Based on standard Umkehr inversion algorithm the ozone vertical profiles have been retrieved from the Dobson Umkehr observations of Beijing. The corrections are made for aerosols in the process of inversion and the retrieved results have been improved. By using the derived profiles the characteristics and trends of ozone vertical distributions of Beijing during 1990-2002 are studied. The results imply that the ozone concentrations between 10.3 and 23.5km were unusually low during the fall of 1992 and the spring of 1993 and at the same time the total ozone underwent a marked decline. During the period 1990-2002 the total ozone decreased slightly but the trends of change of ozone concentrations at different altitudes were different.
Wares, John P and Cunningham, Clifford W. 2005. "Diversification Before the Most Recent Glaciation in Balanus glandula." The Biological bulletin 208, 60?68. https://doi.org/10.2307/3593101

A deep genetic cline between southern populations of the barnacle Balanus glandula (from about Monterey Bay southward) and northern populations (from northern California through Alaska) has recently been described. If this pattern is due to historical isolation and genetic drift, we expect it to have formed recently and represent a transient, nonequilibrium state. However, this cline appears to have formed well before the last glacial maximum. Our assays of sequence diversity at a region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I, combined with coalescent estimators of the time of separation for these two regions, suggest that a late Pleistocene event more than 100 thousand years ago may be responsible for the initial separation. This suggests that either strong oceanographic mechanisms or natural selection have maintained the cline. because there has clearly been adequate time for this cline or polymorphism to resolve itself by genetic drift and migration. However, reliance on only a single mitochondrial marker for which the substitution rate has been estimated still limits the resolution of our analysis.
Fusion: a tale of recombination in an asexual fungus: The role of nuclear dynamics and hyphal fusion in horizontal chromosome transfer in Fusarium oxysporum

Recent studies have shown that not only meiotic recombination is responsible for the fast evolution of fungal pathogens. In the asexual fungus F. oxysporum (Fo) the "fast" evolving part of the genome is organized into small chromosomes and one such chromosome houses all effector genes and is referred to as the "pathogenicity" chromosome. This pathogenicity chromosome can be horizontally transferred to a non-pathogenic strain, conferring pathogenicity. Here we use Fo as a model organism to address how horizontal transfer of whole chromosomes is accomplished. First we investigated nuclear dynamics and mitotic patterns in different strains of Fo. We established that Fo undergoes a developmental transition between uninucleate and multinucleate states. Next we studied the role of heterokaryon formation for horizontal chromosome transfer. We demonstrated that the formation of viable heterokaryons apparently lead to nuclear fusion and upon colony formation, the hybrid offspring is subject to progressive and gradual genome rearrangement, leaving offspring with the genomic background of one parent, with the addition of one or two chromosomes from the second parent, including the pathogenicity chromosome. Finally, we researched the role of "suppressor of fusion" (SUF), a putative transcription factor, in the regulation of heterokaryon formation in Fo and identified a novel function for this class of transcription factors as a nutrient-dependent regulator of anastomosis. From our studies we conclude that horizontal transfer of chromosomes is the product of asexual recombination followed by directed chromosome elimination from which "transferrable" chromosomes can escape.
Estimating evaporation based on standard meteorological data – progress since 2007

Estimating evaporation from standard meteorological data continues to be an active area of research and practical application. Here we report on recent progress in using standard meteorology data to estimate potential, reference and actual evaporation from terrestrial landscapes as well as evaporation from lakes and reservoirs. We also address recent enhancements to standard methodologies through use of remote sensing and data-driven procedures. From our report we observe that remote sensing offers significant potential for mapping spatial variations in evaporation. There has been limited progress in estimating actual evaporation via the complementary relationship, whereas applications of the Penman-Monteith and related equations incorporating actual surface resistance term(s) have dominated the recent literature.
Single Atom Catalysis in aqueous conditions : enhanced interfacial water dissociation on a Fe-porphyrin graphene defect

Single Atom Catalysis (SAC) is an expanding ﬁeld of heterogeneous catalysis in which single metallic atoms embedded in different materials catalyse a chemical reaction, in order to reduce the cost and the environmental impact of the catalyst. SAC could for example replace crystalline Pt - the workhorse of electrocatalysis - but these new catalytic materials still lack fundamental understanding in their electrochemical environment. Recent synthesis and spectroscopic characterizations of metals deposited on N-doped graphitic materials have evidenced two types of metal-N 4 fourfold coordination, either of pyridine type or of porphyrin type. Here, we study at the quantum level two Fe-N 4 SAC defects in graphene that are immersed in an explicit aqueous medium. While the pyridine Fe-N 4 SAC is easily embedded in graphene and widely used in numerous DFT studies, the porphyrin one remains debated because of the necessary embedding of odd-membered rings in graphene. We propose an atomistic model for the porphyrin defect in a large graphene sheet at a moderate strain cost. Using spin-polarized ab initio molecular dynamics, we show that both SAC defects spontaneously adsorb two interfacial water molecules on both sides of the catalytic site, retrieving an octahedral ligand ﬁeld. Strickingly, the porphyrin defect promotes the dissociation of an adsorbed water into a hydroxide anion. To induce proton transfer reactions on the time scale of the simulations, we also apply moderate external electric ﬁelds. On the other hand
University of Birmingham Recent change in the productivity and schematicity of the way-construction: a distributional semantic analysis

This paper presents a corpus-based study of recent change in the English way - construction, drawing on data from the 1830s to the 2000s. Semantic change in the distribution of the construction is characterized by means of a distributional semantic model, which captures semantic similarity between verbs through their co-occurrence frequency with other words in the corpus. By plotting and comparing the semantic domain of the three senses of the construction at different points in time, it is found that they all have gained in semantic diversity. These findings are interpreted in terms of increases in schematicity, either of the verb slot or the motion component contributed by the construction.
Formal Analysis and Verification of OAuth 2.0 in SSO Modelling and Verification using PSPSP in Isabelle/HOL, and OFMC

This thesis examines the OAuth 2.0 protocol within Single Sign-On (SSO) systems through modelling and formal analysis. The versatile Performing Security Proofs of Stateful Protocols (PSPSP), a theory for the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant was used to carry out the verification. Additionally the Open-Source Fixedpoint Model-Checker (OFMC), was used in this verification for its accessibility. PSPSP notably supports the modelling of mutable long-term state, a feature not common in many similar tools. The challenge lies in crafting a model that accurately mirrors real-world scenarios while integrating the OAuth 2.0 protocol on top of the TLS 1.2 protocol. The goal is to produce a model that is both realistic and doesn’t induce false attack vectors in its abstraction. The complexity of combining SSO, OAuth, and TLS often necessitates simplifications for effective verification. This study explores the modelling of OAuth components without drastic over-simplifications, verifying each in isolation, and then applying compositional reasoning available in PSPSP/Isabelle to introduce the TLS protocol as well. This process necessitates a well-defined interface between components and verification of all components individually and in the composition. Both tools confirm the lack of detectable vulnerabilities in the OAuth 2.0 protocol, reinforcing its security and prominence in SSO systems. The research explores the process of modelling and formally verifying security protocols, and deepens the understanding of OAuth 2.0’s role in SSO systems.
The influence of soil properties on the erodibility of Belgian loamy soils: A study based on rainfall simulation experiments

Twenty soils from the Leuven region were tested in the laboratory with a rainfall simulator. Their texture varied from loam to loamy sand. On the basis of the results obtained, they were classified as a function of the runoff and splash erodibility. For every soil, several properties were determined and tentatively used to explain the classifications based on the runoff and splash erodibility. Significant negative correlations were found between silt content, aggregate stability, C5–10 index, water content at saturation, and cohesion on the one side and erodibility on the other; a positive correlation was found between sand content and erodibility.
Lunar mare volcanism: lateral heterogeneities in volcanic activity and relationship with crustal structure

Abstract Lunar mare basalts are spatially unevenly distributed, and their abundances differ between the nearside and farside of the Moon. Although mare asymmetry has been attributed to thickness variations in the low-density anorthositic crust, the eruptive mechanism of lunar magma remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the relationship between mare distribution and crustal thickness using geological and geophysical data obtained by the SELENE (Kaguya) and the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory spacecraft, and quantitatively re-evaluate the influence of the anorthositic crust on magma eruption. We identify a lateral heterogeneity in the upper limit of crustal thickness that allows magma extrusion to the surface. In the Procellarum KREEP Terrane, where the surface abundances of heat-producing elements are extremely high, magmas can erupt in regions of crustal thickness below about 30 km. In contrast, magma eruptions are limited to regions of crustal thickness below about 20 km in other nearside regions, around 10 km in the South Pole–Aitken Basin and approximately 5 km in the farside Felspathic Highland Terrane. Such heterogeneity may result from lateral variations in magma production in the lunar mantle and/or crustal density.
Quantification and Modeling of Local Root Water Uptake Using Neutron Radiography and Deuterated Water

Knowledge of local water fluxes across the soil–root interface is essential to understand and model root water uptake. Despite its importance, there is a lack of direct methods to measure the location of water uptake along roots. The aim of this study was to develop a technique to quantify local flux of water from soil to the roots of living plants. To this end, we used neutron radiography to trace the transport of deuterated water (D2O) into individual roots. We grew lupin (Lupinus albus L.) in 30‐ by 25‐ by 1‐cm containers filled with a sandy soil, which was partitioned into different compartments using 1‐cm‐thick layers of coarse sand. We locally injected D2O into a selected soil compartment near the roots of 18‐d‐old lupin during the day (transpiring) and night (not transpiring). The transport of D2O into roots was then monitored using time‐series neutron radiography. The results show that: (i) the transport of D2O into roots was faster during the day than at night; and (ii) during the day, D2O was quickly transported along the roots toward the shoots, while at night this transport was insignificant. The differences between day and night measurements were explained by convective transport of D2O into the roots driven by transpiration. To quantify the local transport of D2O into roots, we developed a simple convection–diffusion model that assumed the endodermis as the main resistance to water transport. The D2O uptake predicted by the model was in agreement with the axial flow within the roots as derived from D2O transport behind the capillary barrier. This new method allows quantification of local water uptake in different parts of the root system.
PEMETAAN ARAHAN FUNGSI PEMANFAATAN LAHAN UNTUK KAWASAN FUNGSI LINDUNG

This research aims to evaluate the function of land use as protected areas in the District of Gisting Tanggamus in 2013 under the direction of land use’s functions. This research used survey method. The object of this study was an unit as a protected area in the District of Gisting Tanggamus. The data was collected by doing documentation, observation, and interpretation of the images. The data analysis were overlay and scoring. The results of the research were: (1) The subdistrict of Gisting had three classes of the land use based on the main functions, namely protected area covering 140.34 Ha (4.32%), buffer area covering 2806.76 Ha (86.27%), and annual cultivation area covering 306.15 Ha (9.41%), (2) There was a mismatch of the land use with the land use’s function direction as protected areas covering 82.17 Ha (2.52%) of the total area of land use in the District of Gisting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi pemanfaatan lahan dalam kawasan fungsi lindung di Kecamatan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus tahun 2013 berdasarkan arahan fungsi pemanfaatan lahannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah satuan wilayah untuk kawasan lindung di Kecamatan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara dokumentasi, observasi, dan interpretasi citra. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah overlay dan scoring. Hasil dalam penelitian ini: (1) Kecamatan Gisting memiliki tiga kelas arahan pemanfatan lahan berdasarkan fungsi utamanya yaitu kawasan lindung seluas 140,34 Ha (4,32%), kawasan penyangga seluas 2.806,76 Ha (86,27%), dan kawasan budidaya seluas 306,15 Ha (9,41%), (2) Terjadi ketidaksesuaian pemanfaatan lahan dengan arahan fungsi pemanfaatan lahannya untuk kawasan lindung seluas 82,17 Ha (2,52%) dari seluruh luas penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Gisting. Kata kunci: arahan fungsi pemanfaatan lahan, pemetaan, sistem informasi geografi.
FIU Digital Commons FIU Digital Commons

The development of reconfigurable antennas compatible with a CubeSat form factor can aid several space missions. Often, satellite missions require multiple wireless links with the same radio, but the design of such antennas is challenging due to the mechanical constraints and the limited power aboard a CubeSat. In this article, we present a unique reconfigurable antenna concept enabled by adhesive polyimide tapes. The presented antenna can switch from a conventional patch to a monopole-like antenna with minimal actuation complexity. This reconfiguration provides choices for polarization, pattern, and gain without use of active components for size, cost and power consumption reductions. The frequency of operation is S-band (2.4 GHz), and the antenna achieves S 11 < − 10 dB for both reconfiguration states. Measurements compare well with simulations in both states.
A Bibliometric Study of the Trend in Articles Related to Risk Assessment Published in Science Citation Index

ABSTRACT In this study, a bibliometric method was used to evaluate the global scientific production of risk assessment research for the last 16 years and provide insights into the characteristics of the risk assessment research activities and tendencies that may exist in the papers. Data were obtained on the online version of SCI, Web of Science from 1992 to 2007. Two important respects of the paper characteristics were analyzed: (i) performance of publication and (ii) research tendency and hotspots. The main results were as follows: English-language articles took the majority of all the publications. Number of articles in this field increased from 1 in 1968 to 1037 in 2007. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment published the most papers in this field, taking 3% of all. Research tendency was investigated by statistically analyzing the distribution of paper title, author keyword, and keyword plus. Furthermore, a new method named “word cluster analysis” was successfully applied to find the research hotspots of this field. Research hotspots of risk assessment mainly focused on three subject categories: environmental science, ecology, and epidemiology. This new bibliometric method can help relevant researchers realize the panorama of global risk assessment research, and establish the further research direction.
Model Selection through Sparse Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Multivariate Gaussian or Binary Data Alexandre D'aspremont

We consider the problem of estimating the parameters of a Gaussian or binary distribution in such a way that the resulting undirected graphical model is sparse. Our approach is to solve a maximum likelihood problem with an added 1-norm penalty term. The problem as formulated is convex but the memory requirements and complexity of existing interior point methods are prohibitive for problems with more than tens of nodes. We present two new algorithms for solving problems with at least a thousand nodes in the Gaussian case. Our first algorithm uses block coordinate descent, and can be interpreted as recursive 1-norm penalized regression. Our second algorithm, based on Nesterov's first order method, yields a complexity estimate with a better dependence on problem size than existing interior point methods. Using a log determinant relaxation of the log partition function (Wainwright and Jordan, 2006), we show that these same algorithms can be used to solve an approximate sparse maximum likelihood problem for the binary case. We test our algorithms on synthetic data, as well as on gene expression and senate voting records data.