Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae pms2 mutations are alleles of MLH1, and pms2-2 corresponds to a hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma-causing missense mutation

A number of mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains having phenotypes consistent with defects in DNA mismatch repair have been described, but not all have been extensively characterized. In this study we demonstrate that the pms2-1 and pms2-2 alleles arise from missense mutations in the MLH1 gene which inactivate MLH1. One of these alleles, pms2-2, causes the same amino acid substitution in a highly conserved region of the known MutL homologs as that caused by a proposed missense mutation observed in a Swedish hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma kindred. This observation supports the functional significance of missense mutations found in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma kindreds and indicates that in some cases S. cerevisiae can serve as a useful model system for the analysis of such mutations.
VIRTOOAIR: Virtual Reality TOOlbox for Avatar Intelligent Reconstruction

Realistic full-body avatar representation inside Virtual Reality is a big shortcoming of state-of-the-art VR systems. It remains a technically challenging task to capture human motion precisely without marker-based full-body tracking systems, which are expensive and impractical. Trying to tackle this challenge, we propose a simple yet efficient approach for avatar motion reconstruction. VIRTOOAIR (VIrtual Reality TOOlbox for Avatar Intelligent Reconstruction) combines Deep Learning for upper body reconstruction and most recent methods for single camera based pose recovery for the lower body parts. Our preliminary results demonstrate the advantages of our system's avatar pose reconstruction. This is mainly determined by the use of a powerful learning system, which offers significantly better results than existing heuristic solutions for inverse kinematics. Our system supports the paradigm shift towards learning systems capable to track full-body avatars inside Virtual Reality without the need of expensive external tracking hardware.
Grammatical Relations of Myanmar Sentences Augmented by Transformation-Based Learning of Function Tagging

In this paper we describe function tagging using Transformation Based Learning (TBL) for Myanmar that is a method of extensions to the previous statistics-based function tagger. Contextual and lexical rules (developed using TBL) were critical in achieving good results. First, we describe a method for expressing lexical relations in function tagging that statistical function tagging are currently unable to express. Function tagging is the preprocessing step to show grammatical relations of the sentences. Then we use the context free grammar technique to clarify the grammatical relations in Myanmar sentences or to output the parse trees. The grammatical relations are the functional structure of a language. They rely very much on the function tag of the tokens. We augment the grammatical relations of Myanmar sentences with transformation-based learning of function tagging.
Providing Training Enhances the Biomechanical Improvements of an Alternative Computer Mouse Design

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine if an alternative mouse promotes more neutral postures and decreases forearm muscle activity and if training enhances these biomechanical benefits. Background: Computer mouse use is a risk factor for developing musculoskeletal disorders; alternative mouse designs can help lower these risks. Ergonomic training combined with alternative input devices could be even more effective than alternative designs alone. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (15 males, 15 females) performed a set of computer mouse tasks with a standard mouse and an alternative mouse while an electromagnetic motion analysis system measured their wrist and forearm postures and surface electromyography measured the muscle activity of three wrist extensor muscles. Fifteen participants received no training on how to hold the alternative mouse, whereas the remaining 15 participants received verbal instructions before and during use of the alternative mouse. Results: The alternative mouse was found to promote a more neutral forearm posture compared with the standard mouse (up to 11.5° lower forearm pronation); however, pronation was further reduced when instructions on how to hold the mouse were provided. Wrist extensor muscle activity was reduced for the alternative mouse (up to 1.8% of maximum voluntary contraction lower) compared with the standard mouse, but only after participants received instructions. Conclusion: The alternative mouse design decreased biomechanical exposures; however, instructions enhanced this potential ergonomic benefit of the design. Application: User knowledge and training are important factors when effectively implementing an alternative ergonomic device.
World Journal of Emergency Surgery Open Access Emergency Laparoscopy – Current Best Practice

Emergency laparoscopic surgery allows both the evaluation of acute abdominal pain and the treatment of many common acute abdominal disorders. This review critically evaluates the current evidence base for the use of laparoscopy, both diagnostic and interventional, in the emergency abdomen, and provides guidance for surgeons as to current best practise. Laparoscopic surgery is firmly established as the best intervention in acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis and most gynaecological emergencies but requires further randomised controlled trials to definitively establish its role in other conditions.
A Segmentation/Clustering Model for the Analysis of Array CGH Data

Summary Microarray‐CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) experiments are used to detect and map chromosomal imbalances. A CGH profile can be viewed as a succession of segments that represent homogeneous regions in the genome whose representative sequences share the same relative copy number on average. Segmentation methods constitute a natural framework for the analysis, but they do not provide a biological status for the detected segments. We propose a new model for this segmentation/clustering problem, combining a segmentation model with a mixture model. We present a new hybrid algorithm called dynamic programming–expectation maximization (DP–EM) to estimate the parameters of the model by maximum likelihood. This algorithm combines DP and the EM algorithm. We also propose a model selection heuristic to select the number of clusters and the number of segments. An example of our procedure is presented, based on publicly available data sets. We compare our method to segmentation methods and to hidden Markov models, and we show that the new segmentation/clustering model is a promising alternative that can be applied in the more general context of signal processing.
Cupular deposits and aminoglycoside administration in human temporal bones

In this study, the deposits of basophilic material on the cupula of the semicircular canals in temporal bones from patients who had aminoglycoside administration within six months prior to death were compared with normal temporal bones. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I included 24 normal control temporal bones age-matched to group II patients. Group II consisted of 23 temporal bones that had received aminoglycosides within six months prior to death. All temporal bones were examined under light microscopy. One (4.2 per cent) of 24 temporal bones in group I (normal) showed basophilic deposits. In group II, deposits were observed in 8 (34.8 per cent) of 23 temporal bones. The prevalence of basophilic deposits in group II was significantly higher than group I. This study demonstrates that within six months after aminoglycoside administration there is an increased prevalence of basophilic deposits on the surface of the cupula. Such changes may be related to the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) seen in some patients who have had aminoglycoside administration.
Topic Detection Using Independent Component Analysis

If the documents of a large text corpus can be modeled as the rows of a matrix, it can be shown that existing mathematical methods can be used to extract previously unseen information about their relationships. In particular, it can be shown that Independent Component Analysis oers a way of identifying threads of related conversations in a large data set such as VAST. By treating each document as a vector, with word frequencies representing the components, we can extract two interesting pieces of information from the set: a list of the topics used in each document, and a list of the documents that best fit each of these topics.
Coilin Phosphomutants Disrupt Cajal Body Formation, Reduce Cell Proliferation and Produce a Distinct Coilin Degradation Product

Coilin is a nuclear phosphoprotein that accumulates in Cajal bodies (CBs). CBs participate in ribonucleoprotein and telomerase biogenesis, and are often found in cells with high transcriptional demands such as neuronal and cancer cells, but can also be observed less frequently in other cell types such as fibroblasts. Many proteins enriched within the CB are phosphorylated, but it is not clear what role this modification has on the activity of these proteins in the CB. Coilin is considered to be the CB marker protein and is essential for proper CB formation and composition in mammalian cells. In order to characterize the role of coilin phosphorylation on CB formation, we evaluated various coilin phosphomutants using transient expression. Additionally, we generated inducible coilin phosphomutant cell lines that, when used in combination with endogenous coilin knockdown, allow for the expression of the phosphomutants at physiological levels. Transient expression of all coilin phosphomutants except the phosphonull mutant (OFF) significantly reduces proliferation. Interestingly, a stable cell line induced to express the coilin S489D phosphomutant displays nucleolar accumulation of the mutant and generates a N-terminal degradation product; neither of which is observed upon transient expression. A N-terminal degradation product and nucleolar localization are also observed in a stable cell line induced to express a coilin phosphonull mutant (OFF). The nucleolar localization of the S489D and OFF coilin mutants observed in the stable cell lines is decreased when endogenous coilin is reduced. Furthermore, all the phosphomutant cells lines show a significant reduction in CB formation when compared to wild-type after endogenous coilin knockdown. Cell proliferation studies on these lines reveal that only wild-type coilin and the OFF mutant are sufficient to rescue the reduction in proliferation associated with endogenous coilin depletion. These results emphasize the role of coilin phosphorylation in the formation and activity of CBs.
Measurement of permitivity of biological tissues from 300 MHZ to 3 GHz using an open-ended coaxial line

A comparative numerical study of three probe types with the same radial dimensions, three probe models, and five reference materials is presented for six biological tissues: liver, muscle, kidney, heart, blood and fat. The Probe-Model-Reference (PMR) combinations that lead to the most accurate results of the permittivity at frequencies from 300 MHz to 3 GHz are investigated for a coaxial probe without flange, a coaxial probe with flange, and a coaxial probe open into a propagation circular wave guide. The probe models considered are capacitive model, antenna model, and virtual line model. The reference materials are distilled water, 0.02 M NaCl(aq) solution, ethanol, methanol and 0.5 M NaCl(aq) solution. The results corroborates that when measuring the RF permittivity of biological materials using an open-ended coaxial line the proper selection of the probe type, probe model and reference material is crucial if good accuracy of measurements is expected. The presented methodology could be useful not only for the design of experiments, but also for the development of improved coaxial probes.
Linguistic and Biological Annotations of Biological Interaction Events

This paper discusses an augmentation of a corpus ofresearch abstracts in biomedical domain (the GENIA corpus) with two kinds of annotations: tree annotation and event annotation. The tree annotation identifies the linguistic structure that encodes the relations among entities. The event annotation reveals the semantic structure of the biological interaction events encoded in the text. With these annotations we aim to provide a link between the clue and the target of biological event information extraction.
Concurrent measurements of cerebral blood flow, sodium, lactate, and high‐energy phosphate metabolism using 19F, 23Na, 1H, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

A new NMR technique for nondestructive, noninvasive, nonradioactive concurrent measurements of blood flow and several energy‐dependent metabolites were applied to in situ cat brain during high cerebral blood flow states (seizures) and low flow states (carotid occlusion plus hemorrhagic shock). An inductively coupled, quadruple‐tuned surface coil with a 50‐ohm match at all relevant frequencies was used for both excitation and receiving. A broadband spectometer was used to measure the 31P spectrum (PCr, ATP, Pi, and pH), a water‐suppressed 1H spectrum (lactate), 23Na, and 19F (blood flow via CHF3 washout). Each nucleus was excited at an independently determined rate. Sodium, with a short T1, was excited more frequently than phosphorus. The results qualitatively agreed with other techniques. Blood flow greatly increased during seizures with a 10% decrease in the Na signal, minimal lactate accumulation, no pH shift, and a change in the PCr‐to‐Pi ratio from 3.4 to 1.7. During carotid occlusion plus hypotension blood flow, PCr and ATP decreased to less than 10% of baseline values. Changes in PCr and Pi preceded parallel changes in Na and ATP. These experiments demonstrated the feasibility of concurrent measurements of physiologically induced changes in high‐energy phosphates, lactate, sodium, and blood flow from the same volume of brain, in a nondestructive manner using NMR spectroscopy. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
The Psychobiology of Neglect

Child neglect, the most prevalent form of child maltreatment, is associated with adverse psychological and educational outcomes. It is hypothesized that these outcomes may be caused by adverse brain development. However, there are very few published cross-sectional studies and no prospective studies that examine the neurodevelopmental consequences of neglect. In this article, the author comprehensively outlines the issues involved in the psychobiological research of child neglect. Pre-clinical and clinical studies will be reviewed. Throughout the article, suggestions for future research opportunities and novel ways to address methodological difficulties inherent in this field of study are offered. The results of recent neuroimaging studies of maltreated children may provide a basis for understanding the early effects of neglect on childhood brain development. The author is comprehensively examining these issues as part of the Federal Child Neglect Consortium.
Elimination of electromagnetic interference in communication channels by using spread spectrum techniques

This work demonstrates in a theoretical manner how to free certain bandwidths for low frequency communication systems, in an electromagnetically polluted environment by canceling spectral lines of a present disturbance signal. In many cases electromagnetic interference (EMI) is system-intrinsic and the designers have influence on some of its parameters. In case of a combination of switched mode power converters and narrowband communication systems in the same system this paper exhibits how to parametrize spread spectrum clocking (SSC) for the switching frequency of the power converter and possible data rates for a communication system. The authors show a big performance improvement of the system using spread spectrum clocking in comparison to a system with a fixed switching frequency. In integrated circuit design, the use of a single oscillator for the switched mode power supply as well as for the carrier signal in communication systems offers new possibilities in saving chip area and in a possible reduction of the quality of the power distribution network, resulting in less filter components.
An analytical approach for evaluating the correlation properties of subchannel fading for carrier aggregation

Carrier aggregation (CA) has been proposed as a key feature of the 4G cellular networks to achieve the very high data rates. It is known that the correlation between the subchannels, including both small- and large-scale fading, is critical in determining the performance gain we can obtain from the multicarrier transmission. However, due to the prohibitively high complexity and cost in simultaneously probing multiple non-contiguous subchannels by a channel sounder, this issue is less explored yet. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to study the correlation of the small-scale fading (SSF) between two arbitrarily separated subchannels. We first propose a new propagation model for the Nakagami-m fading of the subchannels, based on the delay spread property and exponential power decaying of the multipath components (MPCs). Then the level-cross-rate (LCR) of the subchannel received power with respect to frequency is defined and derived. Third, a Markov chain describing the variation of the received power among different subchannels is proposed, based on which the correlation coefficient between two subchannels is obtained. The developed analytical model and the acquired new insights on the subchannel correlation could provide further understanding on the spatial and frequency properties of the multicarrier channels, and help to guide the efficient designs of the CA communication systems.
Calpain-mediated X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Degradation in Neutrophil Apoptosis and Its Impairment in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia*

The number of neutrophils in the blood and tissues is controlled by constitutive apoptotic programmed cell death and clearance by phagocytes such as macrophages. Here, we found that calpains cleave the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in vitro, producing fragments that are unable to inhibit caspase-3. These fragments were detected in normal neutrophils but were unstable and rapidly degraded. Calpain inhibition delayed tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis of normal neutrophils, consistent with a role for calpains in regulating the onset of apoptosis. Interestingly, neutrophils from three patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia, a rare syndrome characterized by accumulation of mature neutrophils, exhibited decreased μ-calpain expression, diminished calpain activity, and impaired XIAP degradation. Neutrophils from these patients displayed a delay in spontaneous, Fas-stimulated, and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest that calpain-mediated XIAP degradation contributes to initiation of apoptosis in normal neutrophils and dysfunction of this regulatory pathway can lead to pathological neutrophil accumulation.
Text Extraction from Complex Document Images Using the Multi-plane Segmentation Technique

This study presents a new method for extracting characters from various real-life complex document images. The proposed method applies a multi-plane segmentation technique to separate homogeneous objects including text blocks, non-text graphical objects, and background textures into individual object planes. It consists of two stages-automatic localized multilevel thresholding, and multi-plane region matching and assembling. Then a text extraction process can be performed on the resultant planes to detect and extract characters with different characteristics in the respective planes. The proposed method processes document images regionally and adaptively according to their respective local features. This allows preservation of detailed characteristics from extracted characters, especially small characters with thin strokes, as well as gradational illuminations of characters. This also permits background objects with uneven, gradational, and sharp variations in contrast, illumination, and texture to be handled easily and well. Experimental results on real-life complex document images demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in extracting characters with various illuminations, sizes, and font styles from various types of complex document images.
A fast lane detection algorithm based on brightness difference

Vision-based lane detection is a critical issue in the field of intelligent transportation and safety driving, and is useful to predict the position of the car on the road. By analyzing many images in database and experimental results, we find that brightness difference between lane marking and road is the stable feature in various challenging scenarios. So in this paper, we propose a new, fast and effective lane detection approach based on the brightness difference. We apply the brightness difference feature in “Verify” phase in order to reduce computation and filter the wrong lines. Experimental results show that the proposed method could perform well in real-time application, and it is robust against cracks on the roads, the curved lanes.
Aalborg Universitet Switchable Phased Antenna Array with Passive Elements for 5 G Mobile Terminals

In this paper, a reconfigurable phased antenna array system is constructed for the mobile terminals in the context of 5G communication system. The proposed antenna system operates at the resonance frequency of 28 GHz. The reconfigurability of the antenna element is achieved by using a passive slot antenna element with a switch. The passive element acts as a reflector when the switch is turned off, and thus, change in the main beam direction occurs. The antenna system consists of two sub-arrays on each of the short edges of the ground plane. The coverage efficiency of over 70 % at 10 dBi threshold gain is achieved by the proposed reconfigurable phased antenna array.
Antioxidant Effect of Phycocyanin on Oxidative Stress Induced with Monosodium Glutamate in Rats

The objective of this work was to study the antioxidant effect of phycocyanin on the oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate in the rats. The tests were performed with 32 rats of Wistar breed, divided into four groups, which were administered saline solution of phycocyanin, monosodium glutamate and monosodium glutamate plus phycocyanin. Sulfhydryl groups and the secondary substances derived from lipid oxidation were determined through the level of TBA. The evaluation of these values and the level of sulfhydryl showed that the administration of phycocyanin presented significant antioxidant effect (p < 0.05) reducing the oxidative stress induced by the monosodium glutamate in vivo.
Design Concepts for a new Temporal Planning Paradigm

Throughout the history of space exploration, the complexity of missions has dramatically increased, from Sputnik in 1957 to MSL, a Mars rover mission launched in November 2011 with advanced autonomous capabilities. As a result, the mission plan that governs a spacecraft has also grown in complexity, pushing to the limit the capability of human operators to understand and manage it. However, the effective representation of large plans with multiple goals and constraints still represents a problem. In this paper, a novel approach to address this problem is presented. We propose a new planning paradigm named HTLN, intended to provide a compact and understandable representation of complex plans and goals based on Timeline planning and Hierarchical Temporal Networks. We also present the design of a planner based on HTLN, which enables new planning approaches that can improve the performance of present real-world domains.