Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning.

Studies that show the effectiveness of self-management have been conducted with young children who have behavior problems, children with devdlopmental delays, children at-risk, and children with identified disabilities. This "What Works Brief" presents strategies for teaching young children to manage their own behavior. It uses a simple format that answers the following questions: (1) What is self-management? ; (2) How can I facilitate self-management? ; (3) How does self-management work? ; (4) Who are the children who have participated in research on self-management? ; (5) What changes might occur as a result of a self-management system? ; (6) Where do I find information on implementing this practice? ; and (7) What is the scientific basis for this practice? The brief contains vignettes that illustrate how specific strategies might be used and includes a one page summary handout for practitioners and families. (SG) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Catopsilia pomona nucleopolyhedrovirus: A Distinct Species in Group I Alphabaculovirus

The genome sequence of Catopsilia pomona nucleopolyhedrovirus (CapoNPV) was determined by the Roche 454 sequencing system. The genome consisted of 128,058 bp and had an overall G+C content of 40%. There were 130 hypothetical open reading frames (ORFs) potentially encoding proteins of more than 50 amino acids and covering 92% of the genome. Among all the hypothetical ORFs, 37 baculovirus core genes, 23 lepidopteran baculovirus conserved genes and 10 genes conserved in Group I alphabaculoviruses were identified. In addition, the genome included regions of 8 typical baculoviral homologous repeat sequences (hrs). Phylogenic analysis showed that CapoNPV was in a distinct branch of clade “a” in Group I alphabaculoviruses. Gene parity plot analysis and overall similarity of ORFs indicated that CapoNPV is more closely related to the Group I alphabaculoviruses than to other baculoviruses. Interesting, CapoNPV lacks the genes encoding the fibroblast growth factor (fgf) and ac30, which are conserved in most lepidopteran and Group I baculoviruses, respectively. Sequence analysis of the F-like protein of CapoNPV showed that some amino acids were inserted into the fusion peptide region and the pre-transmembrane region of the protein. All these unique features imply that CapoNPV represents a member of a new baculovirus species.
Lack of Arg972 Polymorphism in the IRS1 Gene in Parakana Brazilian Indians

Several polymorphisms in the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) gene have been reported in the last years. The most common IRS1 variant, a Gly[epV[rsArg substitution at codon 972 (Arg972 IRS1), is more prevalent among subjects who have features of insulin resistance syndrome associated, or not, with type 2 diabetes in European populations. To determine whether the absence of IRS1 polymorphism is a more general characteristic of Paleo-Indian-derived populations, we examined the Arg972 IRS1 polymorphism in Parakanã Indians and found a lack of this polymorphism in the Parakanã population.
An Efficient Space Partitioning Tree Approach for Indexing and Retrieving Fingerprint Databases

Retrieval efficiency is a challenging issue in biometric databases. To enhance the efficiency of indexing and retrieving technique for the fingerprint database, a novel space partitioning tree algorithm is implemented. The fingerprint image is represented by minutiae features to improve the retrieval performance. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme, the existing k- nearest neighbor indexing algorithm has been simulated. From the results, it is concluded that the proposed kd-tree indexing algorithm has further reduced the search and retrieval time and has improved accuracy, hit rate with less penetration rate compared to the existing schemes.
Differences in Math and Science Understanding between NSF GK-12 Participant Groups: A Year Long Study.

We describe interdisciplinary environments created in institute and classroom settings with 18 NSF GK-12 (National Science Foundation, Graduate and Kindergarten – grade 12) participants. The environments were designed with a framework that allowed participants the opportunity to experience the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics’ (NCTM, 2000) and the National Science Education (National Research Council, 1996) standards in a blended and innovative manner. Through institute activities, participants investigated, analyzed, and communicated task findings. We compared differences in mathematics/science efficacy and content understanding between participant groups (i.e., gender, discipline, fellow/teacher status). We also examined how experiential interdisciplinary learning influenced participants’ mathematical/scientific actions and beliefs.
Structural Basis for the Immunogenic Properties of the Meningococcal Vaccine Candidate LP2086*

LP2086 is a family of outer membrane lipoproteins from Neisseria meningitidis, which elicits bactericidal antibodies and are currently undergoing human clinical trials in a bivalent formulation where each antigen represents one of the two known LP2086 subfamilies. Here we report the NMR structure of the recombinant LP2086 variant B01, a representative of the LP2086 subfamily B. The structure reveals a novel fold composed of two domains: a “taco-shaped” N-terminal β-sheet and a C-terminal β-barrel connected by a linker. The structure in micellar solution is consistent with a model of LP2086 anchored to the outer membrane bilayer through its lipidated N terminus. A long flexible chain connects the folded part of the protein to the lipid anchor and acts as spacer, making both domains accessible to the host immune system. Antibodies broadly reactive against members from both subfamilies have been mapped to the N terminus. A surface of subfamily-defining residues was identified on one face of the protein, offering an explanation for the induction of subfamily-specific bactericidal antibodies.
Stages and Pathways of Drug Involvement: Examining The Gateway Hypothesis

Part I. Overview: 1. Examining the gateway hypothesis: stages and pathways of drug involvement Denise B. Kandel Part II. Recent Substantive Findings: What Do We Know about Stages of Drug Use, Risks and Protective Factors? : 2. Drug sequences, age of onset and use trajectories as predictors of drug abuse/dependence in young adulthood Erich Labouvie and Helene R. White 3. Substance use norms and transitions in substance use: implications for the gateway hypothesis David Hawkins, Karl G. Hill, Jie Guo and Sara R. Battin-Pearson 4. Stages of drug involvement in the US population Denise B. Kandel and Kazuo Yamaguchi 5. Substance use progression and hard drug use in inner city New York Andrew Golub and Bruce D. Johnson Part III. Impact of Prevention Interventions: a Test of the Progression Hypothesis: 6. Preventing the onset and developmental progression of adolescent drug use: implications for the gateway theory Gilbert Botvin, Kenneth Griffin and Lawrence Scheier 7. The gateway theory applied to prevention Mary Ann Pentz and Chaoyang Li 8. Intervention effects on adult drug use and critical influence on development of problem behavior Anthony Biglan and Keith Smolkowski Part IV. Methodological Issues and Approaches: Advantages and Limitations of Alternate Methods: 9. Log linear sequence analysis: gender and racial/ethnic differences in drug-use progression Kazuo Yamaguchi and Denise B. Kandel 10. Cigarette use and drug use progression: a growth trajectory and lagged effect hypothesis Peter M. Bentler, Michael D. Newcomb and Marc A. Zimmerman 11. Using latent transition analysis to examine the gateway hypothesis Linda Collins 12. Stages of drug progression: a comparison of methods, concepts and operationalizations Kazuo Yamaguchi Part V. Animal Models and Biological Professes: Implications for Drug Progression: 13. The value of animal models to examine the gateway hypothesis Neil E. Grunberg and Martha M. Faraday 14. Sensitization as a process underlying the progression of drug use via gateway drugs Susan Schenk 15. The neurobiology of drug addiction George Koob Part VI. Conclusion: 16. The gateway hypothesis revisited Denise B. Kandel and Richard Jessor.
Emissions Trading with Non‐Signatories in a Climate Agreement - An Analysis of Coalition Stability

type="main"> We investigate how different designs of carbon offset mechanisms, like the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), affect the success of self-enforcing climate treaties. In a game-theoretic numerical model of coalition formation we find that participation in the agreement is negatively affected when strategic behavior and free-rider incentives matter. This does not change when selling targets restrict credit supply. Substantially higher participation emerges when the treaty restricts its signatories not to use the gains from credit trading to lower their emission caps. Despite the high sensitivity of participation to different CDM design, we find that global welfare levels achieved in various equilibria are remarkably similar.
Different Roles for Two Ubiquitin-like Domains of ISG15 in Protein Modification*

ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene 15) is a novel ubiquitin-like (UbL) modifier with two UbL domains in its architecture. We investigated different roles for the two UbL domains in protein modification by ISG15 (ISGylation) and the impact of Influenza B virus NS1 protein (NS1B) on regulation of the pathway. The results show that, although the C-terminal domain is sufficient to link ISG15 to UBE1L and UbcH8, the N-terminal domain is dispensable in the activation and transthiolation steps but required for efficient E3-mediated transfer of ISG15 from UbcH8 to its substrates. NS1B specifically binds to the N-terminal domain of ISG15 but does not affect ISG15 linkage via a thioester bond to its activating and conjugating enzymes. However, it does inhibit the formation of cellular ISG15 conjugates upon interferon treatment. We propose that the N-terminal UbL domain of ISG15 mainly functions in the ligation step and NS1B inhibits ISGylation by competing with E3 ligases for binding to the N-terminal domain.
Beyond Proficiency: Engaging Adult 'Beginners' at the Level of Their Intellect and the Depth of Their Humanity

English as a second language (ESL) materials for language learners at the beginning levels gravitate towards the practical and functional, yet may fail to address the deeper need of adult students to be engaged on the level of their intellect and humanity, regardless of their second language (L2) proficiency. Community-based ESL teachers can engage adult students at this deeper level by using principled teaching methods that maximize learning opportunities and by establishing a ‘safe’ affective environment in the classroom that respects and empowers learners, encouraging them to take risks with language. This paper will describe the theoretical underpinnings of such an approach, and will offer examples of two lessons taught at a free community-based ESL class in Indianapolis that engaged adult students at the level of their intellect and their humanity, rather than on the basis of their limited L2 proficiency.
Recovering the Water-Wave Profile from Pressure Measurements

A new method is proposed to recover the water-wave surface elevation from pressure data obtained at the bottom of the fluid. The new method requires the numerical solution of a nonlocal nonlinear equation relating the pressure and the surface elevation which is obtained from the Euler formulation of the water-wave problem without approximation. From this new equation, a variety of different asymptotic formulas are derived. The nonlocal equation and the asymptotic formulas are compared with both numerical data and physical experiments. The solvability properties of the nonlocal equation are rigorously analyzed using the implicit function theorem.
Microarray Gene Cluster Identification and Annotation Through Cluster Ensemble and EM-Based Informative Textual Summarization

Generating high-quality gene clusters and identifying the underlying biological mechanism of the gene clusters are the important goals of clustering gene expression analysis. To get high-quality cluster results, most of the current approaches rely on choosing the best cluster algorithm, in which the design biases and assumptions meet the underlying distribution of the dataset. There are two issues for this approach: 1) usually, the underlying data distribution of the gene expression datasets is unknown and 2) there are so many clustering algorithms available and it is very challenging to choose the proper one. To provide a textual summary of the gene clusters, the most explored approach is the extractive approach that essentially builds upon techniques borrowed from the information retrieval, in which the objective is to provide terms to be used for query expansion, and not to act as a stand-alone summary for the entire document sets. Another drawback is that the clustering quality and cluster interpretation are treated as two isolated research problems and are studied separately. In this paper, we design and develop a unified system Gene Expression Miner to address these challenging issues in a principled and general manner by integrating cluster ensemble, text clustering, and multidocument summarization and provide an environment for comprehensive gene expression data analysis. We present a novel cluster ensemble approach to generate high-quality gene cluster. In our text summarization module, given a gene cluster, our expectation-maximization based algorithm can automatically identify subtopics and extract most probable terms for each topic. Then, the extracted top k topical terms from each subtopic are combined to form the biological explanation of each gene cluster. Experimental results demonstrate that our system can obtain high-quality clusters and provide informative key terms for the gene clusters.
On the Lusternik-Schnirelmann Category of Maps

Abstract We give conditions which determine if cat of a map go up when extending over a cofibre. We apply this to reprove a result of Roitberg giving an example of a $\text{CW}$ complex $Z$ such that $\text{cat}(Z)\,=\,2$ but every skeleton of $Z$ is of category 1. We also find conditions when $\text{cat}(f\,\times \,g)\,<\,\text{cat}(f)\,+\,\text{cat}(g)$ . We apply our result to show that under suitable conditions for rational maps $f,\,\text{mcat}(f)\,<\,\text{cat}(f)$ is equivalent to $\text{cat(}f)\,=\,\text{cat(}f\,\times \,\text{i}{{\text{d}}_{{{S}^{n}}}})$ . Many examples with $\text{mcat}(f)\,<\,\text{cat}(f)$ satisfying our conditions are constructed. We also answer a question of Iwase by constructing $p$ -local spaces $X$ such that $\text{cat(}X\ \times \,{{S}^{1}}\text{)}\,\text{=}\,\text{cat(}X\text{)}\,\text{=2}$ . In fact for our spaces and every $Y\,\not{\simeq }\,*,\,\text{cat}(X\,\times \,Y)\,\le \,\text{cat}(Y)\,+\,1\,\text{cat}(Y)\,+\,\text{cat}(X)$ . We show that this same $X$ has the property $\text{cat}(X)=\,\text{cat}(X\,\times \,X)\,=\,\text{cl}(X\,\times \,X)\,=\,2$ .
The Interactions of Human Neutrophils with Shiga Toxins and Related Plant Toxins: Danger or Safety?

Shiga toxins and ricin are well characterized similar toxins belonging to quite different biological kingdoms. Plant and bacteria have evolved the ability to produce these powerful toxins in parallel, while humans have evolved a defense system that recognizes molecular patterns common to foreign molecules through specific receptors expressed on the surface of the main actors of innate immunity, namely monocytes and neutrophils. The interactions between these toxins and neutrophils have been widely described and have stimulated intense debate. This paper is aimed at reviewing the topic, focusing particularly on implications for the pathogenesis and diagnosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 varies according to age in mice

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are involved in multiple cellular processes including those related to aging, cancer, and a variety of cellular functions including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and cellular proliferation. SIRTs have been shown to extend the yeast life span, although there is presently little known about SIRT expression in the organs of mice. In the present study, we were especially interested in identifying differences in SIRT expression between young mice and aged mice. Specifically, we investigated the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in the kidney, lung, skin, adipose tissue, and spleens of 6-month-old and 24-month-old mice using immunohistochemical staining. Compared with that in younger mice, the expression of SIRT1 in 24-month-old rats was increased in kidney, lung, and spleen tissue, while that of SIRT3 was decreased in adipose, kidney, and lung tissue. The results of our study suggest that aging is associated with altered patterns of expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3. In addition, we noted that the expression patterns of SIRT1 and SIRT3 varied by organ. Taken together, the results of this study suggest the possibility that SIRTs may be involved in diseases associated with aging.
Multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping using D-SLAM framework

This paper presents an algorithm for the multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem with the robot initial locations completely unknown. Each robot builds its own local map using the traditional extended Kalman filter (EKF) SLAM algorithm. We provide a new method to fuse the local maps into a jointly maintained global map by first transforming the local map state estimate into relative location information and then conducting the fusion using the decoupled SLAM (D-SLAM) framework (Wang et al., 2007). An efficient algorithm to find the map overlap and corresponding beacons across the maps is developed from a point feature based medical image registration method and the joint compatibility test. By adding the robot initial pose of each local map into the global map state, the algorithm shows valuable properties. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Joint Similarity Learning for Predicting Links in Networks with Multiple-type Links

This paper addresses the problem of link prediction on largemulti-link networks by proposing two joint similarity learn-ing architectures on nodes' attributes. The rst model isa similarity metric that consists of two parts: a generalpart, which is shared between all link types, and a speci cpart, which learns the similarity for each link type specif-ically. The second model consists of two layers: the rstone, which is shared between all link types, embeds the ob-jects of the network into a new space, while the second onelearns the similarity between objects for each link type inthis new space. The similarity metrics are optimized usinga large-margin optimization criterion in which connected ob-jects should be closer than non-connected ones by a certainmargin. A stochastic training algorithm is proposed, whichmakes the training applicable to large networks with high-dimensional feature spaces. The models are tested on linkprediction for two data sets with two types of links each:TED talks and Amazon products. The experiments showthat jointly modeling of the links given our frameworks im-prove link prediction performance signi cantly for each linktype. The improvement is particularly higher when thereare fewer links available from one link type in the network.Moreover, we show that transfer learning from one link typeto another one is possible using the above frameworks.
Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies

Abstract Objective To determine the risk of lung cancer associated with exposure at home to the radioactive disintegration products of naturally occurring radon gas Design Collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer. Setting Nine European countries. Subjects 7148 cases of lung cancer and 14 208 controls. Main outcome measures Relative risks of lung cancer and radon gas concentrations in homes inhabited during the previous 5-34 years measured in becquerels (radon disintegrations per second) per cubic metre (Bq/m3) of household air. Results The mean measured radon concentration in homes of people in the control group was 97 Bq/m3, with 11% measuring > 200 and 4% measuring > 400 Bq/m3. For cases of lung cancer the mean concentration was 104 Bq/m3. The risk of lung cancer increased by 8.4% (95% confidence interval 3.0% to 15.8%) per 100 Bq/m3 increase in measured radon (P = 0.0007). This corresponds to an increase of 16% (5% to 31%) per 100 Bq/m3 increase in usual radon—that is, after correction for the dilution caused by random uncertainties in measuring radon concentrations. The dose-response relation seemed to be linear with no threshold and remained significant (P = 0.04) in analyses limited to individuals from homes with measured radon < 200 Bq/m3. The proportionate excess risk did not differ significantly with study, age, sex, or smoking. In the absence of other causes of death, the absolute risks of lung cancer by age 75 years at usual radon concentrations of 0, 100, and 400 Bq/m3 would be about 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.7%, respectively, for lifelong non-smokers, and about 25 times greater (10%, 12%, and 16%) for cigarette smokers. Conclusions Collectively, though not separately, these studies show appreciable hazards from residential radon, particularly for smokers and recent ex-smokers, and indicate that it is responsible for about 2% of all deaths from cancer in Europe.
3 D Segmentation Techniques for Medical Volumes

Volume segmentation is an important part of computer based medical applications for diagnosis and analysis of anatomical data. With rapid advances in medical imaging modalities and volume visualization techniques, computer based diagnosis is fast becoming a reality. These computer based tools allow scientists and physicians to understand and diagnose anatomical structures by virtually interacting with them. Volume segmentation plays a critical role by facilitating automatic or semiautomatic extraction of the anatomical organ or region-of-interest. In this review, we provide an introduction to various segmentation algorithms found in the literature. We classify the algorithms into three categories: structural techniques, statistical techniques and hybrid techniques. Under structural techniques we will review algorithms which take into consideration structural information for segmentation. Stochastic techniques are those which perform segmentation based on statistical analysis methods and under hybrid techniques we will review algorithms which make use of structural information in addition to statistical analysis.