Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation Experiments on efficiencies of gene introgression by backcrossing

Designing a highly efficient backcross (BC) marker-assisted selection (MAS) experiment is not a straightforward exercise, efficiency being defined here as the ratio between the resources that need to be invested at each generation and the number of generations required to achieve the selection. This paper presents results of simulations conducted for different strategies, using the maize genome as a model, to compare allelic introgression with DNA markers through BCs. Simulation results indicate that the selection response in the BC1 could be increased significantly when the selectable population size (N sl) is 100. Selectable population size is defined as the number of individuals with favorable alleles at the target loci from which selection with markers can be carried out on the rest of the genome at nontarget loci, simulations considered the allelic introgression at one to five target loci, with different population sizes, changes in the recombination frequency between target loci and flanking markers, and different numbers of genotypes selected at each generation. For an introgression at one target locus in a partial line conversion, and using MAS at nontarget loci only at one generation, a selection at BC3 would be more efficient than a selection at BC1 or BC2, due to the increase over generations of the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the donor genome contribution. With selection only for the presence of a donor allele at one locus in BC1 and BC2, and MAS at BC3, lines with <5% of the donor genome can be obtained with a N sl of 10 in BC1 and BC2, and 100 in BC3 These results are critical in the application of molecular markers to introgress elite alleles as part of plant improvement programs
Opportunistic Log : Efficient Reads in a Reliable Object Server

Object servers offer the potential of improved client caching. However, in comparison to page servers, object servers must perform additional disk reads. These installation reads are required to install modified objects onto their corresponding disk pages. In this paper, we introduce the opportunistic log: a new technique that significantly reduces the cost of these installation reads in object servers. The opportunistic log provides a large pool of pending installation reads that can be scheduled efficiently. Using simulations, we show that the opportunistic log substantially enhances the performance of reliable object servers. An object server without the opportunistic log requires much better client caching to outperform a page server. With an opportunistic log, only a small client cache improvement suffices. Our results affect the fundamental design choice between page-based and object-based servers and imply that efficient scheduling of installation reads is important in future disk design.
The complexity of cutting convex polytypes

Throughout this paper, we use the term subdivision as a shorthand for “a subdivision of E2 into convex regions”. A subdivision is said to be of size n if it is made of n convex (open) regions, and it is of degree d if every region is adjacent to at most d other regions. We define the line span of a subdivision as the maximum number of regions which can be intersected by a single line (section 3).
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic, and Syntactic Processing of Spoken Sentences: An fMRI Study

Extracting meaning from speech requires the use of pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic information. A central question is: Does the processing of these different types of linguistic information have common or distinct neuroanatomical substrates? We addressed this issue using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural activity when subjects listened to spoken normal sentences contrasted with sentences that had either (A) pragmatical, (B) semantic (selection restriction), or (C) syntactic (subcategorical) violations sentences. All three contrasts revealed robust activation of the left-inferior-temporal/fusiform gyrus. Activity in this area was also observed in a combined analysis of all three experiments, suggesting that it was modulated by all three types of linguistic violation. Planned statistical comparisons between the three experiments revealed (1) a greater difference between conditions in activation of the left-superior-temporal gyrus for the pragmatic experiment than the semantic/syntactic experiments; (2) a greater difference between conditions in activation of the right-superior and middletemporal gyrus in the semantic experiment than in the syntactic experiment; and (3) no regions activated to a greater degree in the syntactic experiment than in the semantic experiment. These data show that, while left- and right-superior-temporal regions may be differentially involved in processing pragmatic and lexico-semantic information within sentences, the left-inferior-temporal/fusiform gyrus is involved in processing all three types of linguistic information. We suggest that this region may play a key role in using pragmatic, semantic (selection restriction), and subcategorical information to construct a higher representation of meaning of sentences.
Infrared photometry of z ∼ 1 3C quasars

We present JHKL′ photometry of a complete sample of steep-spectrum radio-loud quasars from the revised 3CR catalogue in the redshift range 0.65z<1.20. After correcting for contributions from emission lines and the host galaxies, we investigate their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) around 1 μm. About 75 per cent of the quasars are tightly grouped in the plane of optical spectral index, αopt, versus near-infrared spectral index, αIR, with the median value of αopt close to the canonical value, and the median αIR slightly flatter. We conclude that the fraction of moderately obscured, red quasars decreases with increasing radio power, in accordance with the ‘receding torus’ model which can also explain the relatively flat median near-infrared spectra of the 3CR quasars. Two of the red quasars have inverted infrared spectral indices, and we suggest that their unusual SEDs might result from a combination of dust-scattered and transmitted quasar light.
GUIDO : Hybrid Verification by Distance-Guided Simulation

Constrained random simulation is a widespread technique used to perform functional verification on complex digital designs, because it can generate simulation vectors at a very high rate. However, the generation of high coverage tests is still a major challenge when using this technique. In this paper we present Guido, a hybrid verification software that uses formal verification techniques to guide the simulation towards a verification goal. Guido is novel in that 1) it guides the simulation by means of a cost function derived from the circuit structure, and 2) it has a novel, fine-grained sequence controller that monitors and controls the direction of the simulation by striking a balance between random chance and controlled hill-climbing. We present experimental results indicating that Guido can tackle complex designs, including major components of a picoJava microprocessor, and reach a verification goal in many fewer simulation cycles than random simulation.
Microscopic theory of multiple-phonon-mediated dephasing and relaxation of quantum dots near a photonic band gap

We derive a quantum theory of the role of acoustic and optical phonons in modifying the optical absorption line shape, polarization dynamics, and population dynamics of a two-level atom (quantum dot) in the ''colored'' electromagnetic vacuum of a photonic band-gap (PBG) material. This is based on a microscopic Hamiltonian describing both radiative and vibrational processes quantum mechanically. We elucidate the extent to which phonon-assisted decay limits the lifetime of a single photon-atom bound state and derive the modified spontaneous emission dynamics due to coupling to various phonon baths. We demonstrate that coherent interaction with undamped phonons can lead to an enhanced lifetime of a photon-atom bound state in a PBG. This results in reduction of the steady-state atomic polarization but an increase in the fractionalized upper state population in the photon-atom bound state. We demonstrate, on the other hand, that the lifetime of the photon-atom bound state in a PBG is limited by the lifetime of phonons due to lattice anharmonicities (breakup of phonons into lower energy phonons) and purely nonradiative decay. We also derive the modified polarization decay and dephasing rates in the presence of such damping. This leads to a microscopic, quantum theory of the optical absorption linemore » shapes. Our model and formalism provide a starting point for describing dephasing and relaxation in the presence of external coherent fields and multiple quantum dot interactions in electromagnetic reservoirs with radiative memory effects. « less
Perception and experience of married women of reproductive age about the importance of sexual health education: A content analysis study

Introduction: In recent years, the rate of sexually transmitted diseases is increasing particularly among women as vulnerable group. Sexual health status among married women of reproductive age is one of the most important public health issues that its sensitivity has been less studied and researched. This qualitative study was performed with aim to evaluate the importance of sexual health education in married women of reproductive age. Methods: This qualitative study was performed using content analysis approach in Rasht at 2014. The participants were selected purposefully. Data were collected through 18 individuals' in-depth interviews and 1 focus group discussions with married women of reproductive age and 6 key informants. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis and MAXQDA software. Results: In the analysis of the participant’s views and experiences, the main reasons for the importance of the sexual health education among married women of reproductive age were categorized in five themes including: inadequate knowledge about sexual issues, the lack of scientific and reliable sexual health resources, damages related to new techniques, risk factors for sexual health, and the consequences of inadequate sexual health education. Conclusion: The sexual health education for married women of reproductive age is necessary to increase sexual knowledge and prevent of sexual health threatening factors. Therefore, codification of sexual health education in primary health care programs is recommended.
An Integrated Design Flow in Developing An Augmented Reality Game for Enhancing Children Chinese Learning Experience

With advanced information technologies were widely embedded into children’s learning environment, the learning experience were augmented. Augmented Reality (AR) is an assistive technology in such innovative computing technologies trends that can better introduce narrative content and support the impressive fusion of boundaries between real and virtual worlds, has unveils the potential on creating rich and fantasy learning environments. Benefits from the novel environment which AR can provide, lots of educational AR applications were also being notable. This study introduces a children participated design flow for developing AR game on enhancing Chinese alphabet learning. Young children from kindergarten were recruited in the design flow and practical user study. The learning performance and enjoyment were also evaluated after learning exercise. The positive outcome reveals that the children-involved design flow generated a playful interface which encourages young children in an augmented game-play environment.
K_multiprocessor Group (KMG) optimal scheduling algorithm for reducing preemptions and migrations in RTS

KMG is a proposed multiprocessor scheduling algorithm which is optimal for the scheduling of real time periodic tasks with implicit deadlines. It is adhering to the DPF (Deadline Partitioning Fair) principle. It was open in latest studies that the division of the time in slices bounded by two succeeding deadlines and the systematic execution of migratory tasks in each time slice innate in DPF algorithms reduce the practicality of EKG (EDF with task splitting and k processors in a Group.). But, its semi-partitioned come close to allows to bound the amount of migrating tasks and increases the area of the tasks memory, then reducing time overheads constrained by task preemptions and migrations. Therefore, we propose two techniques with the aim of lowering the amount of preemptions and migrations incite by the system when scheduled with EKG, though maintaining the benefit of its approach. The first developments that exchange execution time between tasks and time slices named as swapping algorithm. The next one is to reducing the number of time slices required to make sure that all job deadlines are valued. Both have a strong result on number of preemptions and migrations as maintaining the optimality of EKG.
Categorizing imagined right and left motor imagery BCI tasks for low-cost robotic neuroprosthesis

Focusing on low-cost articulation control for neuroprosthesis, electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain computer interfaces require rapid and reliable discrimination of EEG patterns associated with motor imagery generated via imagined or real movement. The objective of this study was to characterize EEG signals of two different motor imagery tasks used to control a robotic articulator. With one-sided hand movement imagination resulting in EEG changes located contra and ipsilateral areas, time-courses of two different imagery tasks were investigated via instantaneous band power changes. We compared the features extracted from the EEG patterns with standard machine learning algorithms. We report frequency-based categorization of visualized imagery more relevant than machine learning methods.
The Spike at Benefit Exhaustion: Leaving the Unemployment System or Starting a New Job?

In this paper, we review the literature on the "spike" in unemployment exit rates around benefit exhaustion, and present new evidence based on administrative data for a large sample of job losers in Austria. We find that the way unemployment spells are measured has a large effect on the magnitude of the spike at exhaustion, both in existing studies and in our Austrian data. Spikes are typically much smaller when spell length is defined by the time to next job than when it is defined by the time spent on the unemployment system. In Austria, the exit rate from registered unemployment rises by over 200% at the expiration of benefits, while the hazard rate of re-employment rises by only 20%. The difference between the two measures arises because many individuals leave the unemployment register immediately after their benefits expire without returning to work. The modest spike in re-employment rates implies that most job seekers do not wait until their UI benefits are exhausted to return to work: fewer than 1% of jobless spells have an ending date that is manipulated to coincide with the expiration of UI benefits.
Writing Use-Case with a Minimal Set of Words

Use-case analysis is a very practical method of defining software usage from the actor's viewpoint. Many developers apply use-case analysis, but they do so for functional decomposition and thereby lose many of the merits of use-case analysis, such as easier explanation by actors and correct understanding and recording of software requirements by software developers. In order to facilitate use-case analysis from an actor's viewpoint, we developed a language called Minimal Language (ML), as a subset of a natural language, for use-case descriptions. ML is a specialized natural language for describing software usage. Based on real project experiences, it was created carefully to be rich enough for describing use cases from an actor's viewpoint and simple enough to have only one interpretation for developers. As a result of such specialization, ML consists of a minimal set of words. The sparseness of words in ML eases ML training for developers
Economic Systems and Their Impact on Tourist Resort Development: The Case of the Spa in Europe

This paper examines the impact of two contrasting economic systems upon the development of the European spa resorts. These are British systems of market capitalism and continental European systems of state-managed capitalism. The author identifies factors facilitating the success of spa resorts and also those associated with their business failure. He challenges conventional explanations that the rise in fashionability of seaside resorts led to the demise of the inland British spa resort and develops an alternative explanation. He demonstrates that the root of the explanation for their decline is an economic one, namely a failure of public and private investment to renew the British tourist product to a level where it could compete effectively in the international marketplace. This happened because British structures of capitalism were ill adapted to facilitate the levels of investment and innovation required for British spas to modernize sufficiently to enable them to compete effectively against emerging continental European rivals benefiting from substantial public-sector support. Visiting spas remained popular amongst the English-speaking upper classes into the twentieth century; the significant change was that, whereas once they preferred to patronize British resorts, from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, they chose to visit more modern and attractive continental European destinations.
An evaluation framework for active queue management schemes

Over the last decade numerous active queue management (AQM) schemes have been proposed in the literature. Many of these studies have been directed towards improving congestion control in best-effort networks. However, there has been a notable lack of standardised performance evaluation of AQM schemes. A rigorous study of the influence of parameterisation on specific schemes and the establishment of common comparison criteria is essential for objective evaluation of the different approaches. A framework for the detailed evaluation of AQM schemes is described in this paper. This provides a deceptively simple user interface whilst maximally exploiting relevant features of the NS2 simulator. Traffic models and network topologies are carefully chosen to characterise the target simulation environment. The credibility of the results obtained is enhanced by vigilant treatment of the simulation data. The impact of AQM schemes on global network performance is assessed using five carefully selected metrics. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of AQM schemes may be achieved using the proposed framework.
Autoantibodies to low‐density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4 in myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction, where acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle‐specific kinase (MuSK), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor‐related protein 4 (Lrp4) are essential. About 80% and 0% to 10% of patients with generalized MG have autoantibodies to AChR and MuSK, respectively, but pathogenic factors are elusive in others. Here we show that a proportion of AChR antibody‐negative patients have autoantibodies to Lrp4. These antibodies inhibit binding of Lrp4 to its ligand and predominantly belong to the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, a complement activator. These findings together indicate the involvement of Lrp4 antibodies in the pathogenesis of AChR antibody‐negative MG. Ann Neurol 2011
Deciphering the Cis-Regulatory Elements for XYR1 and CRE1 Regulators in Trichoderma reesei

In this work, we report the in silico identification of the cis-regulatory elements for XYR1 and CRE1 proteins in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei, two regulators that play a central role in the expression of cellulase genes. Using four datasets of condition-dependent genes from RNA-seq and RT-qPCR experiments, we performed unsupervised motif discovery and found two short motifs resembling the proposed binding consensus for XYR1 and CRE1. Using these motifs, we analysed the presence and arrangement of putative cis-regulatory elements recognized by both regulators and found that shortly spaced sites were more associated with XYR1- and CRE1-dependent promoters than single, high-score sites. Furthermore, the approach used here allowed the identification of the previously reported XYR1-binding sites from cel7a and xyn1 promoters, and we also mapped the potential target sequence for this regulator at the cel6a promoter that has been suggested but not identified previously. Additionally, seven other promoters (for cel7b, cel61a, cel61b, cel3c, cel3d, xyn3 and swo genes) presented a putative XYR1-binding site, and strong sites for CRE1 were found at the xyr1 and cel7b promoters. Using the cis-regulatory architectures nearly defined for XYR1 and CRE1, we performed genome-wide identification of potential targets for direct regulation by both proteins and important differences on their functional regulons were elucidated. Finally, we performed binding site mapping on the promoters of differentially expressed genes found in T. reesei mutant strains lacking xyr1 or cre1 and found that indirect regulation plays a key role on their signalling pathways. Taken together, the data provided here sheds new light on the mechanisms for signal integration mediated by XYR1 and CRE1 at cellulase promoters.
Designing usable web forms: empirical evaluation of web form improvement guidelines

This study reports a controlled eye tracking experiment (N = 65) that shows the combined effectiveness of 20 guidelines to improve interactive online forms when applied to forms found on real company websites. Results indicate that improved web forms lead to faster completion times, fewer form submission trials, and fewer eye movements. Data from subjective questionnaires and interviews further show increased user satisfaction. Overall, our findings highlight the importance for web designers to improve their web forms using UX guidelines.
Development of system level simulator for evaluating performance of moving personalcell network

Due to the rapid growth of mobile traffic, most of the mobile network operators (MNOs) recently consider the deployment of heterogeneous network (HetNet) including small- and personal-cell. Since small- and personal-cells in HetNet distribute the mobile traffic concentrated on a few macro-cells and reuse the frequency bandwidth allocated in macro-cell, they can alleviate the traffic load of macro-cell and enhance the system capacity in overall network. However, the drawback due to the cross- and co-tier interference between various cells decreases the gain obtained by the deployment of small- and personal-cell. In this paper, we develop a system-level simulator for HetNet based on LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system in order to carefully analyze these effects of small- and personal-cell deployment before their release. For the purpose, we consider three HetNet scenarios, macro-cell only, macro- and small-cell, and macro- and personal-cell scenarios, and adopt the cell layout for each scenario, the realistic wireless channel models, and the real time graphic user interface (GUI) to the developed simulator. Through the performance evaluation by utilizing the developed simulator, we confirm that the overall performance in HetNet is affected by the characteristics of small- and personal-cell.