Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon‐13 variations in the dissolved inorganic carbon in estuarine waters

The stable carbon isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC] was measured in Tampa Bay and Florida Bay. The dependence of isotopic composition was evaluated in terms of atmospheric CO2 exchange, carbon exchange between fresh water and seawater (i.e. salinity) and DIC derived from the reaction between calcium carbonate and organically derived CO2.
Prediction of unspots using reconstructed chaotic system equations

Modeling of sunspots is important since they indicate the relative activity of the Sun which in turn influence different terrestrial properties. To predict the nonlinear and chaotic behavior of sunspot time series, the problem of reconstructing underlying system equations is studied. The proposed procedure for this is (1) based on the behavior of observed time series and dimension of strange attractor, find reference system equations (in our case the modified Rossler equations) that show similar basic features as the time series (e.g., appearance of attractor, amplitude and pseudoperiod), (2) assume a general structure of the governing system equations by Taylor series expansion, (3) use the reference equation systems as initial state in an updating procedure (extended Kalman filtering) to estimate the structure of the governing system equations. Using this procedure, results show that predictions on an average up to eight months ahead can be made with good agreement for sunspot time series after identifying the governing system equations. The extended Kalman filter was shown to be an efficient tool to identify parameter values and to make updated predictions of the chaotic system.
Super Resolution of Images and Video

Abstract This book focuses on the super resolution of images and video. The authors’ use of the term super resolution (SR) is used to describe the process of obtaining a high resolution (HR) image, or a sequence of HR images, from a set of low resolution (LR) observations. This process has also been referred to in the literature as resolution enhancement (RE). SR has been applied primarily to spatial and temporal RE, but also to hyperspectral image enhancement. This book concentrates on motion based spatial RE, although the authors also describe motion free and hyperspectral image SR problems. Also examined is the very recent research area of SR for compression, which consists of the intentional downsampling, during pre-processing, of a video sequence to be compressed and the application of SR techniques, during post-processing, on the compressed sequence.It is clear that there is a strong interplay between the tools and techniques developed for SR and a number of other inverse problems encountered in sig.
Mega‐pulses and megacycles in East Asian monsoon variations recorded in Chinese loess‐red clay magnetic susceptibility

Three mega‐pulses (first order variations) and four megacycles (second order variations) in loess‐red clay magnetic susceptibility are identified in a loess section in the central Chinese Loess Plateau, implying pulsed fluctuations in East Asian monsoon intensity on tectonic timescales. Comparisons of the loess record with the mineral flux from ODP Site 758 and the diatom record in Lake Baikal core BDP‐98 suggests that the loess‐red clay magnetic susceptibility may represent a continental‐scale signal of climate change. It is apparent that the stepwise‐diachronous rise of the Tibetan Plateau and its resulting climatic influence may be the main cause of the observed monsoon pulses.
Loss of the DNA Methyltransferase MET1 Induces H3K9 Hypermethylation at PcG Target Genes and Redistribution of H3K27 Trimethylation to Transposons in Arabidopsis thaliana

Dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9m2) and trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27m3) are two hallmarks of transcriptional repression in many organisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, H3K27m3 is targeted by Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins and is associated with silent protein-coding genes, while H3K9m2 is correlated with DNA methylation and is associated with transposons and repetitive sequences. Recently, ectopic genic DNA methylation in the CHG context (where H is any base except G) has been observed in globally DNA hypomethylated mutants such as met1, but neither the nature of the hypermethylated loci nor the biological significance of this epigenetic phenomenon have been investigated. Here, we generated high-resolution, genome-wide maps of both H3K9m2 and H3K27m3 in wild-type and met1 plants, which we integrated with transcriptional data, to explore the relationships between these two marks. We found that ectopic H3K9m2 observed in met1 can be due to defects in IBM1-mediated H3K9m2 demethylation at some sites, but most importantly targets H3K27m3-marked genes, suggesting an interplay between these two silencing marks. Furthermore, H3K9m2/DNA-hypermethylation at these PcG targets in met1 is coupled with a decrease in H3K27m3 marks, whereas CG/H3K9m2 hypomethylated transposons become ectopically H3K27m3 hypermethylated. Our results bear interesting similarities with cancer cells, which show global losses of DNA methylation but ectopic hypermethylation of genes previously marked by H3K27m3.
Map And Language / A Metaphor Extended

Interpreted as a metaphor rather than a hypothesis, the analogy between map and language is incapable of being conclusively refuted by logical argument, and its weaknesses cannot be proved to outweigh its strengths. The weaknesses have been explained by Robinson and others, but justice has not yet been done to the strengths. This paper offers cartographic parallels for the sentence and the phrase together with nearly all the parts of speech of traditional grammar. The possibility of a cartographic equivalent for comparative linguistics is considered, and maps are used to illustrate the philosophical distinction between object languages and metalanguages. On ne peut refuter pour de bon l'analogie entre carte et langage, interpretee plus comme metaphore que comme hypothese, tout comme on ne peut prouver que ses faiblesses surpassent ses forces. Quoique les faiblesses aient ete expliquees par Robinson et bien d'autres, justice n'a pas ete faite aux forces. Cet article offre des paralleles en cartographie pou.
frances: Cloud-Based Historical Text Mining with Deep Learning and Parallel Processing

Frances is an advanced cloud-based text mining digital platform that leverages information extraction, knowledge graphs, natural language processing (NLP), deep learning, and parallel processing techniques. It has been specifically designed to unlock the full potential of historical digital textual collections, such as those from the National Library of Scotland, offering cloud-based capabilities and extended support for complex NLP analyses and data visualizations. frances enables realtime recurrent operational text mining and provides robust capabilities for temporal analysis, accompanied by automatic visualizations for easy result inspection. In this paper, we present the motivation behind the development of frances, emphasizing its innovative design and novel implementation aspects. We also outline future development directions, and we evaluate the platform through two comprehensive case studies in history and publishing history.
Computation of the Minimum Voltage Stability Margin Considering Loading Uncertainties and Contingency Analysis

This paper presents a hybrid method to calculate the minimum Voltage Stability Margin (VSM) for voltage security assessment of electric power systems, considering uncertainties in the Load Growth Direction (LGD). First, a sampling algorithm was developed (based on the Cross-Entropy method, which samples by importance) in order to obtain a set of critical growth directions that violate the predefined limits for the VSM. After that, the Differential Evolution method was applied to develop an algorithm that constructs a stratified sample set, starting from the previous set of critical directions as its initial population. The combination of both algorithms is capable of identifying the minimum voltage stability margin considering the most critical LGD associated to a particular base case of the system, which is the main contribution of this paper. Furthermore, the algorithms were extended to perform contingency analysis, in such a way that they can deal with the conditions that actually pose the highest threats to voltage stability in electric power systems. The method was tested and validated on a reduced Brazilian south-southeast system model composed of 107 buses.
Characteristics of Moisture Flux Convergence over the Mackenzie River Basin for Water Years 1991–2008

This paper presents a methodology and some results computed for moisture flux convergence into a region using reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for a period of 18 years from 1991 to 2008 and from the 40-year global reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ERA-40) for a period of 11 years from 1991 to 2001. The purpose of the study is to discuss the implied characteristics of moisture flux convergence over the Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) obtained from two different reanalysis datasets. Four analyses per day were used to compute diurnal variations in moisture flux convergence and compared with the results using two analyses per day. The research was divided into two parts. The first concentrates on the computation of moisture flux convergence into the MRB using datasets from four different times of day (00:00, 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 utc) and comparing the results with those obtained in earlier studies by Schuster using two datasets per day. The results indicate some differences, but the two approaches are generally quite compatible. The second part deals with the computation of the moisture flux convergence into the MRB using two different datasets (NCEP and ERA-40), and the variation between them is discussed. The vertical profile of moisture flux convergence was obtained and the results reveal that the largest moisture flux convergence occurs in the height range from 850 hPa to 700 hPa.
Understanding the International ICT and Development Discourse: Assumptions and implications

This paper seeks to understand the assumptions underlying the international public ICT and development discourse and the implications of these assumptions for policy makers and development practitioners. The argument is situated within a power-knowledge framework and in broader critiques of the development industry. A discourse analysis of the public ICT and development discourse was conducted. Three main themes have been explored: 1) the construction of the category of 'information-poverty', 2) the construction of what counts as legitimate/valuable information and knowledge, and 3) the developmental aims of these programmes, in particular models of progress and catch-up to industrial country ideals. The paper argues that assumptions of technological determinism and a view of technology as a neutral tool for development underlie the ICT and development discourse. The use of technology as an index of development reproduces the binary opposition between the developed and the underdeveloped that has been widely critiqued within the field of development. The commonly assumed model of ICTs and development is grounded in these assumptions of technological determinism, which allow the complex political factors influencing poverty and inequality at local, national and international levels to be hidden, or at least go largely unquestioned.
Changes in atmospheric CO2: Influence of the marine biota at high latitude

Approximately half of the nitrogen and phosphorus entering deep waters of the contemporary ocean are transported from the surface in inorganic form as preformed nutrients. A simple model for ocean chemistry is presented and shown to account for the present level of atmospheric CO2. Fluctuations in preformed nutrients, modulated by changes in insolation and circulation at high latitudes, can result in significant variations in CO2. It is suggested that these changes may account for the apparent control on climate exercised by secular variations in the orbital parameters of the earth.
A new approach for determining fully empirical altimeter wind speed model functions

A statistical technique is developed for determining fully empirical model functions relating altimeter radar backscatter (σ0) measurements to near-surface neutral stability wind speed. By assuming that σ0 varies monotonically and uniquely with wind speed, the method requires knowledge only of the separate, rather than joint, distribution functions of σ0 and wind speed. Analytic simplifications result from using a Weibull distribution to approximate the global ocean wind speed distribution; several different wind data sets are used to demonstrate the validity of the Weibull approximation. The technique has been applied to 1 year of Geosat data. Validation of the new and historical model functions using an independent buoy data set demonstrates that the present model function not only has small overall bias and RMS errors, but yields smaller systematic error trends with wind speed and pseudowave age than previously published models. The present analysis suggests that generally accurate altimeter model functions can be derived without the use of collocated measurements, nor is additional significant wave height information measured by the altimeter necessary.
Improvement of the conic prism model for terrain correction in rugged topography

Terrain corrections for Bouguer gravity anomalies are generally obtained from topographic models represented by flat‐topped compartments of circular zones, utilizing the so‐called Hayford‐Bowie (1912), or Hammer’s (1939) method. Some authors have introduced improved relief models for taking uniform slope into consideration (Sandberg, 1958; Kane, 1962; Takin and Talwani, 1966; Campbell, 1980). We present a new model that increases the accuracy of the calculation of terrain correction close to the gravity station in rugged terrain, especially when conventional templates with few zones are used in field calculation.
Morphometric and taphonomic study of a ray-finned fish assemblage (Lepidotes buddhabutrensis, Semionotidae) from the Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous of NE Thailand

Abstract Most Mesozoic vertebrate species are represented by scarce and incomplete specimens, preventing statistical studies of morphometric features. Moreover, rich vertebrate assemblages are rarely excavated in conditions that allow taphonomical studies. Lepidotes buddhabutrensis is a common species found in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous locality of Phu Nam Jun, Phu Kradung Formation, in NE Thailand. Individuals, collected during systematic excavation since 2002, show great variations in preservation states and body postures. In this paper we study the mode of variation of morphometric features of the fish population, the growth mode, and the relationship between morphology and size. We assess the range of variation in preservation and taphonomy, based on arbitrarily defined scales, to test if vertical variations occur in the sample of individuals within the site. We test possible favoured orientation of specimens within the assemblage. In contrast to preliminary field observations, statistical analyses show that all individuals belong to a single Gaussian population and that gross morphological shape variations are related only to size during fish growth. L. buddhabutrensis shows a positive allometric growth for the pectoral to dorsal, and pectoral to anal fin distances, and a negative allometric growth for the unpaired fins (dorsal and anal fins lengths). We detected no relationships between the vertical location of the fishes within the fossiliferous deposit and the body shape of the specimens, nor between the state of preservation and the taphonomy, but there are significant differences in the state of preservation according to the position of the fishes in the fossiliferous deposit. The occurrence of a single Gaussian population and the absence of morphological and preservational variations through the depositional column are evidence that the fish assemblage is probably the result of a single mass mortality event. The apparent diversity in morphology is probably due to variations in the mode of preservation. The fish appear to have been oriented by a current at the time of deposition at the top of the fossiliferous deposit only.
Evidence for persistent 7000‐ and 3500‐year geomagnetic oscillations

A 14,500‐year record of atmospheric 14C contains evidence for 7000‐ and 3500‐ year oscillations. Since the Holocene archaeomagnetic record also contains features consistent with a 7000‐year cycle, a likely explanation is that the 14C data are recording modulation of cosmogenic isotope production due to variations in geomagnetic shielding. A longer‐term 36Cl record contains evidence for similar periodicities, suggesting that these geomagnetic variations may have been present for tens of millennia.
New insights into lunar petrology: Distribution and composition of prominent low‐Ca pyroxene exposures as observed by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)

[1] Lunar geochemical groups such as Mg suite, ferroan anorthosite, and alkali suite rocks are difficult to distinguish from orbit because they are defined by both modal mineralogy and elemental composition of their constituent minerals. While modal mineralogy can be modeled, only specific minerals or elements can be directly detected. At near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, pyroxenes are among the most spectrally distinctive minerals, and their absorption bands are sensitive to structure and composition. Pyroxenes thus provide important clues to distinguish these geochemical groups and to understand lunar crustal evolution. Using Moon Mineralogy Mapper data, we search for lithologies dominated by strong low-calcium pyroxene (LCP) signatures. We compare the NIR absorptions of 20 LCPs to a suite of synthetic pyroxenes to determine which lunar pyroxenes appear magnesian enough to be candidate Mg suite norites. We detail three prominent regions of LCP (1) in South Pole–Aitken Basin (SPA), (2) south of Mare Frigoris, and (3) north of Mare Frigoris. The absorption band positions suggest that the LCPs north of Mare Frigoris and those in SPA are compositionally similar to one another and of ∼Mg50–75, implying that the mafic material excavated by the SPA impact was relatively iron-rich. Modified Gaussian modeling results suggest that the Apollo basin may have tapped different composition material than is exposed in much of SPA. The LCPs located in the highlands south of Mare Frigoris exhibit absorption bands at short wavelengths consistent with Mg > ∼80. The coincidence of these Mg-rich LCPs with the thorium measured by Lunar Prospector make them good candidates for KREEP-related Mg suite pyroxenes.
Pore-scale analysis of electrical properties in thinly bedded rock using digital rock physics

We investigated the electrical properties of laminated rock consist of macro-porous layers and micro-porous layers based on digital rock technology. Due to the bedding effect and anisotropy, traditional Archie equations cannot well describe the electrical behavior of laminated rock. The RI-Sw curve of laminated rock shows a nonlinear relationship. The RI-Sw curve can be divided into two linear segments with different saturation exponent. Laminated sand-shale sequences and laminated sands of different porosity or grain size will yield macroscopic electrical anisotropy. Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis lead to the conclusion that electrical anisotropy coefficient of laminated rock is a strong function of water saturation. The function curve can be divided into three segments by the turning point. Therefore, the electrical behavior of laminated rock should be considered in oil exploration and development.
A METHOD FOR CALCULATING IP ANOMALIES FOR MODELS WITH SURFACE POLARIZATION

A numerical method is given for calculating resistivity and induced polarization anomalies produced by a surface polarization model. Surface polarization is generated when a purely electronic conductor is located in an electrolyte environment. The system that develops on the boundary between the conductor and the electrolyte is described macroscopically by a net surface charge distribution and an electric double layer. An integral equation is derived for the potential by assuming that the electronic conductor forms an equipotential system and that the polarization impedance across the boundary is linear. The integral equation is solved by means of the method of subsections. As an application some numerical modeling results are presented. The surface impedance values used in calculations are based on laboratory measurements that are briefly described. Implications of the results for scale modeling are discussed.
Can clinical factors at presentation be used to predict outcome of treatment with methotrexate in patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis?

Purpose: Methotrexate (MTX) is the first choice conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for rheumatoid arthritis. It is not universally effective, however; although to date it is not possible to predict with any accuracy which patients will respond to treatment. The aim of this analysis was to examine whether clinical and genetic variables could be used to predict response to MTX. Methods: Patients recruited to the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR), a primary care based inception cohort of patients with inflammatory polyarthritis, were eligible for this analysis if they were commenced on MTX as their first DMARD within 3 months of their baseline visit and had at least 2 years of follow-up data. Outcome on MTX was defined as: (1) stopped for adverse events; (2) stopped for inefficacy or second DMARD added; (3) stopped for other reasons; or (4) remained on MTX monotherapy. Multiple logistic regression was used to establish which variables (including demographics, disease activity and Health Assessment Questionnaire score) predicted stopping monotherapy for inefficacy or adverse event (with those remaining on treatment taken as the referent category). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (AUC ROC), were used to determine how accurate the model was at predicting outcome. Results: 309 patients were included in this analysis. At 1 year (2 years), 34 (46) patients had stopped for adverse events and 25 (49) had either stopped monotherapy for inefficacy or had a second DMARD added. 231 (188) patients remained on MTX monotherapy. The strongest predictor of inefficacy at both time points was shared epitope positivity: odds ratios (OR) 5.8 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.3 to 25.6) at 1 year, OR 3.0 (95% CI 1.3 to 7.3) at 2 years. High Health Assessment Questionnaire score (OR 1.84 95% CI 1.12 to 3.01) and female gender (OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.92 to 5.28) were associated with adverse events on MTX at 1 year. However, even the most optimal combinations of the factors analysed were only weakly predictive of treatment outcome: AUC ROC for adverse events 0.68 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.78) and for inefficacy AUC ROC 0.71 (95% CI 0.6 to 0.81). Conclusions: Within this cohort, routine clinical and laboratory factors were poor at predicting outcome of treatment with MTX. Given the major therapeutic advantage to be derived from accurate prediction of treatment outcome, further studies will need to investigate novel biological and other markers.