Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case of a non-insulin dependent diabetic patient with regular spontaneous hypoglycemic attacks, which were due to insulin-binding antibodies induced by human insulin therapy.

A 74-year-old diabetic patient had been treated with oral hypoglycemic agents from the age of 40 years until the age of 72, when his treatment regimen was changed to human insulin. He began experiencing hypoglycemic attacks 14 months after the initiation of insulin therapy. He continued to experience hyperglycemia every morning and hypoglycemia every day at 5:30 p.m. even after insulin therapy was withdrawn. His plasma levels of C-peptide immunoreactivity, total and free immunoreactive insulins were 4.2 ng/ ml, 740 microU/ml and 141.8 microU/ml, respectively. His 125I-insulin binding rate was 94.4%. These findings suggest that his hypoglycemic attacks may have been due to insulin antibodies. Analysis revealed that insulin binding antibodies belonged to IgG with kappa light chains. The patient's genotype was HLA-DR4. He had not received animal insulin or any medications containing a sulfhydryl group. Although the IgG antibody was produced against injected human insulin, his HLA type and the characteristics of his antibodies resembled those of a patient with insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS). We hypothesize that this patient represented a rare instance of a patient constitutionally similar to a patient with IAS, but whose hypoglycemic attacks resulted from the antibodies induced by the administration of human insulin. This case seems to be the first one with hypoglycemic attacks due to anti-human insulin antibody produced by human insulin therapy.
Supervised dictionary learning for signals from union of subspaces

Dictionary learning algorithms are used to train an overcomplete dictionary from a set of signal examples such that the learnt dictionary provides sparse representations for a class of signals from which the training examples are sampled. In this work, we consider a specific class of signals, i.e., signals which belong to a union of subspaces, and we propose a dictionary learning algorithm for such type of signals by extending the popular K-SVD algorithm. Apart from the traditional sparsity model, we also incorporate the union of subspaces model into the dictionary learning algorithm. Various experiments using synthetic and real data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm recovers a dictionary which is closer to the underlying unknown dictionary than the one obtained from a simple K-SVD algorithm which do not make use of the additional structure contained in the signal examples.
Teaching speaking skills at Sudanese schools: Teachers' perceptions

The study aims at analyzing speaking activities as presented by the textbook, and reviewing teachers’ perceptions towards teaching speaking. To achieve the set aims: textbook analysis (Mc Cready, 1975; Paulston, 1972; Morrow, 1981) criteria were used, and a questionnaire for teachers. The study found that speaking activities presented by the textbook are very few and not the ideal one. Further, teachers’ reacted negatively to the speaking activities in the textbook and less attention has been given to teaching speaking.
Sonic Hedgehog Guides Axons via Zipcode Binding Protein 1-Mediated Local Translation

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) attracts spinal cord commissural axons toward the floorplate. How Shh elicits changes in the growth cone cytoskeleton that drive growth cone turning is unknown. We find that the turning of rat commissural axons up a Shh gradient requires protein synthesis. In particular, Shh stimulation increases β-actin protein at the growth cone even when the cell bodies have been removed. Therefore, Shh induces the local translation of β-actin at the growth cone. We hypothesized that this requires zipcode binding protein 1 (ZBP1), an mRNA-binding protein that transports β-actin mRNA and releases it for local translation upon phosphorylation. We found that Shh stimulation increases phospho-ZBP1 levels in the growth cone. Disruption of ZBP1 phosphorylation in vitro abolished the turning of commissural axons toward a Shh gradient. Disruption of ZBP1 function in vivo in mouse and chick resulted in commissural axon guidance errors. Therefore, ZBP1 is required for Shh to guide commissural axons. This identifies ZBP1 as a new mediator of noncanonical Shh signaling in axon guidance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sonic hedgehog (Shh) guides axons via a noncanonical signaling pathway that is distinct from the canonical Hedgehog signaling pathway that specifies cell fate and morphogenesis. Axon guidance is driven by changes in the growth cone in response to gradients of guidance molecules. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of how Shh orchestrates changes in the growth cone cytoskeleton that are required for growth cone turning. Here, we show that the guidance of axons by Shh requires protein synthesis. Zipcode binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is an mRNA-binding protein that regulates the local translation of proteins, including actin, in the growth cone. We demonstrate that ZBP1 is required for Shh-mediated axon guidance, identifying a new member of the noncanonical Shh signaling pathway.
Economic Growth, Civil Wars, and Spatial Spillovers

A neoclassical growth model is used to empirically test for the influences of a civil war on steady-state income per capita both at home and in neighboring countries. This model provides the basis for measuring long-run and short-run effects of civil wars on income per capita growth in the host country and its neighbors. Evidence of significant collateral damage on economic growth in neighboring nations is uncovered. In addition, this damage is attributed to country-specific influences rather than to migration, human capital, or investment factors. As the intensity of the measure used to proxy the conflict increases, there are enhanced neighbor spillovers. Moreover, collateral damage from civil wars to growth is more pronounced in the short run.
Robust uplink beamforming based upon minimum outage probability criterion

In this paper, we propose a new uplink beamforming algorithm that provides robustness against the uncertainty of the assumed spatial covariance matrix at a base station (BS) which employs antenna arrays. This uncertainty arises due to the difference between the presumed and the actual array response as well as the estimation errors of the fading coefficients. In our method, we exploit the assumed statistical distribution of the uncertainty to minimize the outage probability of each mobile station in the uplink. Our approach leads to a semidefinite relaxation problem that can be solved efficiently using the well-established interior point methods. Simulation results show that our method slightly outperforms the robust adaptive beamforming based upon worst-case performance optimization. Moreover, the proposed technique avoids the necessity of the knowledge of the norm bounds of the uncertainty of spatial covariance matrices.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROCESS: YAAM DEPLOYMENT IN E-BOOKSHOP USE CASE SCENARIO

The development of Yet Another Agile Methodology (YAAM) has added to the list of Agile software processes which is a novel software development process introduced for use in modern software development. In this paper, YAAM is deployed in E-Bookshop use case scenario to substantiate the development benefit claims made during the introduction of the software process. E-Bookshop Scenario was selected due to its varying complexity concerns which are suitable in testing various areas that were perceived to be difficult to handle using other software processes. The deployment is implemented using open source tools and languages.
Residential Radon and Brain Tumour Incidence in a Danish Cohort

Background Increased brain tumour incidence over recent decades may reflect improved diagnostic methods and clinical practice, but remain unexplained. Although estimated doses are low a relationship between radon and brain tumours may exist. Objective To investigate the long-term effect of exposure to residential radon on the risk of primary brain tumour in a prospective Danish cohort. Methods During 1993–1997 we recruited 57,053 persons. We followed each cohort member for cancer occurrence from enrolment until 31 December 2009, identifying 121 primary brain tumour cases. We traced residential addresses from 1 January 1971 until 31 December 2009 and calculated radon concentrations at each address using information from central databases regarding geology and house construction. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate incidence rate-ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of primary brain tumours associated with residential radon exposure with adjustment for age, sex, occupation, fruit and vegetable consumption and traffic-related air pollution. Effect modification by air pollution was assessed. Results Median estimated radon was 40.5 Bq/m3. The adjusted IRR for primary brain tumour associated with each 100 Bq/m3 increment in average residential radon levels was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.07; 3.58) and this was exposure-dependently higher over the four radon exposure quartiles. This association was not modified by air pollution. Conclusions We found significant associations and exposure-response patterns between long-term residential radon exposure radon in a general population and risk of primary brain tumours, adding new knowledge to this field. This finding could be chance and needs to be challenged in future studies.
Reduced Epidermal Nerve Density Among Hand-Transmitted Vibration-Exposed Workers

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate ultrastructural changes of epidermal nerve density (END) in workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration. Methods: Ten male subjects with occupational exposure to hand-transmitted tools for 46.9 hours weekly for an average of 6.5 years were included in this study. We performed a skin biopsy from the forearms and compared the END with 10 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Results: Nine of the 10 subjects had abnormally low END. The END of the exposed workers was significantly lower than the control group (4.1 ± 2.8 vs 9.0 ± 4.3 fibers/mm, P = 0.005). The difference remained even after one subject with possible undiagnosed diabetes was not included (4.3 ± 2.9 vs 9.6 ± 4.2 fibers/mm, P = 0.005). The reduction of END did not correlate with the abnormality of nerve conduction studies or quantitative sensory testing. Conclusions: The reduction of END suggested the involvement of small-diameter nerve fibers among this population, and such a histologic change might either be independent or precede changes of large myelinated nerve fibers.
Temporally massed CS presentations generate more fear extinction than spaced presentations.

Rodent fear conditioning models both excitatory learning and the pathogenesis of human anxiety, whereas extinction of conditional fear is a paradigm of inhibitory learning and the explicit model for behavior therapy. Many studies support a general learning rule for acquisition: Temporally spaced training is more effective than massed training. The authors asked whether this rule applies to extinction of conditional fear in mice. The authors find that both short- and long-term fear extinction are greater with temporally massed presentations of the conditional stimulus (CS). The data also indicate that once CS presentations are sufficiently massed to initiate, or "induce," extinction learning, further CS presentations are more effective when spaced.
Secure Encryption scheme with key exchange for Two server Architecture

In the distributed environment, authentication and key exchange mechanisms play a major role. In general, for authentication, the client and the server mutually exchange a common cryptographic key. In earlier, passwords were stored on a single server. If an intruder gains access to the server by using some malicious attacks, then all the passwords stored in the database be compromised. So the e-commerce application security is endangered. In order to improve the efficiency and performance of the authentication scheme, we introduce multiple servers to store the passwords and participate in the key exchange and authentication schemes. This ensures entire systems' security even if a single server is compromised. The randomly generated nonce for each session corresponding to two-level security mechanism where the scope of an attacker pretends as legitimate user and login to the system is completely restricted. In this method, passwords are stored in their equivalent hash values and stored on multiple servers. This makes the attacker difficult to reverse engineer and intercept to determine the password even from segments of hash value. In this paper, we model a safe and secure password-based authentication scheme using a key exchange.
Scalability of peer configuration management in partially reliable and ad hoc networks

Current interest in ad hoc and peer-to-peer networking technologies prompts a re-examination of models for configuration management, within these frameworks. In the future, network management methods may have to scale to millions of nodes within a single organization, with complex social constraints. In this paper, we discuss whether it is possible to manage the configuration of large numbers of network devices using well-known and not-so-well-known configuration models, and we discuss how the special characteristics of ad hoc and peer-to-peer networks are reflected in this problem.
rab3 mediates cortical granule exocytosis in the sea urchin egg.

Egg activation at fertilization in the sea urchin results in the exocytosis of approximately 15,000 cortical granules that are docked at the plasma membrane. Previously, we reported that several integral membrane proteins modeled in the SNARE hypothesis, synaptotagmin, VAMP, and syntaxin, in addition to a small GTPase of the ras superfamily, rab3, were present on cortical granules (Conner, S., Leaf, D., and Wessel, G., Mol. Reprod. Dev. 48, 1-13, 1997). Here we report that rab3 is associated with cortical granules throughout oogenesis, during cortical granule translocation, and while docked at the egg plasma membrane. Following cortical granule exocytosis, however, rab3 reassociates with a different population of vesicles, at least some of which are of endocytic origin. Because of its selective association with cortical granules in eggs and oocytes, we hypothesize that rab3 functions in cortical granule exocytosis. To test this hypothesis, we used a strategy of interfering with rab3 function by peptide competition with its effector domain, a conserved region within specific rab types. We first identified the effector domain sequence in Lytechinus variegatus eggs and find the sequence 94% identical to the effector domain of rab3 in Stronglocentrotus purpuratus. Then, with synthetic peptides to different regions of the rab3 protein, we find that cortical granule exocytosis is inhibited in eggs injected with effector domain peptides, but not with peptides from the hypervariable region or with a scrambled effector peptide. Additionally, effector-peptide-injected eggs injected with IP3 are blocked in their ability to exocytose cortical granules, suggesting that the inhibition is directly on the membrane fusion event and not the result of interference with the signal transduction mechanism leading to calcium release. We interpret these results to mean that rab3 functions in the regulation of cortical granule exocytosis following vesicle docking.
A multi-scale mechanobiological model of in-stent restenosis: deciphering the role of matrix metalloproteinase and extracellular matrix changes

Since their first introduction, stents have revolutionised the treatment of atherosclerosis; however, the development of in-stent restenosis still remains the Achilles' heel of stent deployment procedures. Computational modelling can be used as a means to model the biological response of arteries to different stent designs using mechanobiological models, whereby the mechanical environment may be used to dictate the growth and remodelling of vascular cells. Changes occurring within the arterial wall due to stent-induced mechanical injury, specifically changes within the extracellular matrix, have been postulated to be a major cause of activation of vascular smooth muscle cells and the subsequent development of in-stent restenosis. In this study, a mechanistic multi-scale mechanobiological model of in-stent restenosis using finite element models and agent-based modelling is presented, which allows quantitative evaluation of the collagen matrix turnover following stent-induced arterial injury and the subsequent development of in-stent restenosis. The model is specifically used to study the influence of stent deployment diameter and stent strut thickness on the level of in-stent restenosis. The model demonstrates that there exists a direct correlation between the stent deployment diameter and the level of in-stent restenosis. In addition, investigating the influence of stent strut thickness using the mechanobiological model reveals that thicker strut stents induce a higher level of in-stent restenosis due to a higher extent of arterial injury. The presented mechanobiological modelling framework provides a robust platform for testing hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying the development of in-stent restenosis and lends itself for use as a tool for optimisation of the mechanical parameters involved in stent design.
6′-Sulfo Sialyl Lex but Not 6-Sulfo Sialyl Lex Expressed on the Cell Surface Supports L-selectin-mediated Adhesion*

In order to determine if a sulfated oligosaccharide on the cell surface can function as an L-selectin ligand, a novel approach for in vitro transfer of oligosaccharides was utilized (Srivastava, G., Kaun, K. J., Hindsgaul, O., and Palcic, M. M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 22356-22361). CHO cells were incubated with synthetic 6′-sulfo sialyl Lex, NeuNAcα2→3(sulfate-6)Galβ1→4(Fucα1→3)GlcNAc or 6-sulfo sialyl Lex, NeuNAcα2→3Galβ1→4[(Fucα1→3)sulfate→6GlcNAc] oligosaccharide linked to C-6 of a fucose residue in GDP-fucose and a milk fucosyltransferase. The resultant CHO cells expressing 6′-sulfo sialyl Lex or 6-sulfo sialyl Lex on their cell surface were tested for adhesion to E-selectin and L-selectin chimeric proteins coated on plates. The results indicate that 6′-sulfo sialyl Lex supports L-selectin-mediated adhesion much better than sialyl Lex similarly tagged on the cell surface. In contrast, 6-sulfo sialyl Lex containing a sulfate group on the N-acetylglucosamine residue did not support adhesion with either selectin. These combined results suggest that 6′-sulfo sialyl Lex is a much better ligand than sialyl Lex oligosaccharide for L-selectin.
Journal of Enterprise Information Management A process approach to distribution channel re ‐ engineering

Purpose – The aim of the paper is to propose a methodology for distribution network reengineering since for the last few decades there has been growing interest in making more integrated business decisions across larger segments of the logistics and distribution networks. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, a methodology to assist distribution networks reengineering by integrating logistic processes within the distribution supply chain is developed. The emphasis of methodology is on business processes modeling and reengineering in distribution network. Findings – The results confirm that distribution network reengineering needs to be a balanced, methodological process that integrates business process reengineering in combination with information technology. Case study findings presented illustrate that the recommended methodology has resulted in considerable cost savings and enhancing effectiveness of distribution networks. Originality/value – The paper has extended reengineering theory and information technology into a supply chain context. Moreover, it is among the first empirical papers that specifically investigate the relationship between reengineering, information technology and distribution channel management practices; thus the paper fills an important gap in the supply chain literature. The case study provides important insights for both, academia and practitioners, to understand the importance of broader context of distribution channel management in order to better leverage reengineering context by exploiting information technology.
Robust Pilot Decontamination Based on Joint Angle and Power Domain Discrimination

We address the problem of noise and interference corrupted channel estimation in massive MIMO systems. Interference, which originates from pilot reuse (or contamination), can in principle be discriminated on the basis of the distributions of path angles and amplitudes. In this paper, we propose novel robust channel estimation algorithms exploiting path diversity in both angle and power domains, relying on a suitable combination of the spatial filtering and amplitude based projection. The proposed approaches are able to cope with a wide range of system and topology scenarios, including those where, unlike in previous works, interference channel may overlap with desired channels in terms of multipath angles of arrival or exceed them in terms of received power. In particular, we establish analytically the conditions under which the proposed channel estimator is fully decontaminated. Simulation results confirm the overall system gains when using the new methods.
Tense and Agreement in Agrammatic Production: Pruning the Syntactic Tree

This paper discusses the description of agrammatic production focusing on the verbal inflectional morphology. Agrammatism in Hebrew is investigated through an experiment with a patient who displays a highly selective impairment: agreement inflection is completely intact, but tense inflection, use of copula, and embedded structures are severely impaired. A retrospective examination of the literature shows that our findings are corroborated by others. A selective account of the agrammatic production deficiency is proposed, according to which only a subclass of the functional syntactic categories is impaired in this syndrome. The consequence of this deficit is the pruning of the syntactic phrase marker of agrammatic patients, which impairs performance from the impaired node and higher. These findings also bear upon central issues in linguistic theories, particularly that of Pollock (1989), regarding split inflection.
THE EFFECTS OF THEMATIC IMPORTANCE ON RECALL OF CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND COMPARISON CHILDREN

OF THESIS THE EFFECTS OF THEMATIC IMPORTANCE ON RECALL OF CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND COMPARISON CHILDREN This study examined the recall of televised stories for younger (4-6 years) and older (7-9 years) children with and without ADHD under two different viewing conditions (toys present/toys absent). Each child watched two Rugrats television programs, once with toys present and once with toys absent. Immediately after viewing a program, the child completed a free recall of the observed story. Nonreferred children’s recall increased more than ADHD children’s as importance level increased, and older nonreferred children recalled more information overall than older children with ADHD. For the toys condition, children with ADHD had smaller correlations between the story units recalled and the order of these units in the story than did nonreferred children. Children with ADHD demonstrated multiple difficulties in story comprehension. They were less sensitive to thematic importance and they produced less coherent recalls than their nonreferred peers.