Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reducing Irrigation Water Supply to Accomplish the Goal of Designing Sustainable Cropping Systems in the North China Plain

The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most important regions of agricultural production in China. Currently winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) summer maize (Zea mays L.) double cropping system dominates in the NCP. The purpose of this paper was to use the CERES-Wheat and CERES-Maize models to evaluate the double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize under different input scenarios regarding water consumption, grain yield and gross margin. The models were calibrated and validated by using data derived from a field experiment conducted in Dongbeiwang, near Beijing. Based on a gross margin analysis the different irrigation and N-fertilizer treatments from the field experiment were evaluated. Originated from the most profitable treatment, different irrigation scenarios for the dry season 2000/2001 and their effects on water consumption, grain yield and gross margin were simulated. The results indicated that a reduction in irrigation amount of about one third may be possible without any major yield loss. Furthermore a reduction of about 50 % is possible without a decrease in the initial gross margin. However, with a complete renouncement of irrigation, grain yield dropped by 76 %, leading to a decrease in gross margin of two third. Therefore, a supplemental irrigation to wheat is required to maintain high yields and to ensure an adequate gross margin to farmers. The highest gross margin was obtained with the highest grain yield because prices for the input factors Binder et al., 2007, Journal of Environmental Management, submitted 41 nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation water are low. However, with an increasing shortage of water, irrigation costs will rise. Overall the model based simulation of the irrigation may help to save water and lead to an increase in overall grain yield and gross margin.
Transcriptome analysis reveals genes associated with stem cell activation by physical exercise in the dentate gyrus of aged p16Ink4a knockout mice

Throughout adulthood neural stem cells divide in neurogenic niches–the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone–producing progenitor cells and new neurons. Stem cells self-renew, thus preserving their pool. Furthermore, the number of stem/progenitor cells in the neurogenic niches decreases with age. We have previously demonstrated that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16Ink4a maintains, in aged mice, the pool of dentate gyrus stem cells by preventing their activation after a neurogenic stimulus such as exercise (running). We showed that, although p16Ink4a ablation by itself does not activate stem/progenitor cells, exercise strongly induced stem cell proliferation in p16Ink4a knockout dentate gyrus, but not in wild-type. As p16Ink4a regulates stem cell self-renewal during aging, we sought to profile the dentate gyrus transcriptome from p16Ink4a wild-type and knockout aged mice, either sedentary or running for 12 days. By pairwise comparisons of differentially expressed genes and by correlative analyses through the DESeq2 software, we identified genes regulated by p16Ink4a deletion, either without stimulus (running) added, or following running. The p16Ink4a knockout basic gene signature, i.e., in sedentary mice, involves upregulation of apoptotic, neuroinflammation- and synaptic activity-associated genes, suggesting a reactive cellular state. Conversely, another set of 106 genes we identified, whose differential expression specifically reflects the pattern of proliferative response of p16 knockout stem cells to running, are involved in processes that regulate stem cell activation, such as synaptic function, neurotransmitter metabolism, stem cell proliferation control, and reactive oxygen species level regulation. Moreover, we analyzed the regulation of these stem cell-specific genes after a second running stimulus. Surprisingly, the second running neither activated stem cell proliferation in the p16Ink4a knockout dentate gyrus nor changed the expression of these genes, confirming that they are correlated to the stem cell reactivity to stimulus, a process where they may play a role regulating stem cell activation.
ICH-66, a new high yielding and biotic stress-resistant castor hybrid suitable for rainfed conditions of Peninsular India

ICH-66, a new castor hybrid has been developed at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research (ICAR-IIOR),Hyderabad, India and identified by Combined Varietal Identification Committee of Oilseed Crops during 2018 forrelease under rainfed areas of Peninsular India in kharif season. The hybrid was developed using the parents SKP-84 and ICS-164 and tested at station trials ofICAR-IIOR during 2013-14 and 2014-15. Considering its superiority over checks, it was evaluated in MLTs of AICRP (Castor) during 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 along with hybrid checks DCH-519 and DCH-177. ICH-66 recorded a mean seed yield of 1566 kg/ha which is 14.9 and 18.3 per cent higher than the checks DCH-519 (1324 kg/ha) and DCH-177 (1363 kg/ha) respectively. It also had a mean oil content of 48.6 per cent, which is 2.2 and 3.4 per cent higher than the check DCH-177 (47.0% oil content) and DCH-519 (47.6% oil content), respectively. The hybrid had a longer effective primary spike length (45 cm) and better 100-seed weight (29.0 g) under rainfed conditions compared with checks DCH-177 (39 cm and 27.3 g) and DCH-519 (44.8 cm and 26.4 g). The hybrid is medium in maturity duration (100-130 days for primary spike maturity), non-lodging and non-shattering type. The hybrid showed resistance against Fusarium wilt andMacrophomina root rot. It was also found resistant to leafhopper with hopper burn grade of 0 to 1 (on 0-4 scale) at multilocations in all the years of screening. Owing to its superiority for seed yield, oil content and biotic-stressresistance, it will be suitable for rainfed areas of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Odishastates in India.
AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED WEED CLASSIFICATION USING VGG16 CLASSIFIER AND RMSPROP OPTIMIZER

From the start of farming as a profession, the weeds have been a problem and the problem still continue. The main factors are the competition for nutrients, water, and space and for disease and pesticides. Weed management is becoming popular in crop production with the arrival of high yield varieties and heavier doses of fertilizer application. One important way of improving fertilizer use efficiency is to control weeds in good time. We developed a web application which uses in-depth learning, to capture an input and to detect whether an image is normal or weed image. In this paper VGG16 classifier and RMSPROP optimizers are used for distinguishing a plant and a weed. The dataset is downloaded from Kaggle and Signal handling gathering of the Aarhus. Four plants, common wheat and sugar wheat, common weeds, cleavers with a totality of 942 pictures have been successfully classified. Finally, around 92% precision with a 5.5% rise in current classifications is projected by this work.
A REVIEW OF TRAINING DATA SELECTION IN SOFTWARE DEFECT PREDICTION

The publicly available dataset poses a challenge in selecting the suitable data to train a defect prediction model to predict defect on other projects. Using a cross-project training dataset without a careful selection will degrade the defect prediction performance. Consequently, training data selection is an essential step to develop a defect prediction model. This paper aims to synthesize the state-of-the-art for training data selection methods published from 2009 to 2019. The existing approaches addressing the training data selection issue fall into three groups, which are nearest neighbour, cluster-based, and evolutionary method. According to the results in the literature, the cluster-based method tends to outperform the nearest neighbour method. On the other hand, the research on evolutionary techniques gives promising results but is still scarce. Therefore, the review concludes that there is still some open area for further investigation in training data selection. We also present research direction within this area.
DESIGNING AND EVALUATING A PORTABLE LIDAR-BASED SLAM SYSTEM

Abstract. Mobile Mapping Technology (MMT) has evolved rapidly over the past few decades, especially in using low-cost sensors. This progress is primarily attributed to the appearance of innovative simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms. This article focuses on evaluating the efficiency of a new LiDAR-based portable SLAM system for mapping in dynamic real-world environments. The work proposed a technical solution based on a Livox Avia LiDAR sensor enhanced by gimbal stabilization. The system, named Portable Livox-based Mapping system (PoLiMap), is compared to other similar solutions by acquiring data from various environments, including urban sceneries, underground tunnels and forested areas, and processing them using a modified FAST-LIO-SLAM algorithm. The research presented in the article contributes to the understanding of the capabilities of PoLiMap systems under various conditions and offers significant insight into its potential applications. Accuracy evaluation results prove that the proposed MMT system can successfully tackle various demanding environments and challenge the results of other more costly state-of-the-art portable mobile laser scanning methods.
An Adjacency-Effect-Based Approach for Accuracy Improvement in Satellite Land Surface Temperature Disaggregation

One of the key parameters that affects the accuracy of land surface temperature (LST) disaggregation is the environmental variables that are fed to the disaggregation model. The aim of this article is to present a new strategy for the disaggregation of LST based on adjacency effects. To do this, a dataset obtained from satellite images and auxiliary information from five European cities was used. First, maps of environmental variables that affect LST were collected. Second, a map of effective environmental variables was produced by calculating and applying the influence of the adjacency effects of each environmental variable based on the proposed weighted inverse distance kernel. Finally, the datasets of environmental variables and effective environmental variables were used separately in the disaggregation process to convert LST at 990 m to disaggregated LST (DLST) at 90 m. The mean RMSEs between LST and DLST obtained without considering the adjacency effects approach for the built-up, agricultural, pasture, forest, and water lands in the cold (warm) season were 0.85 (1.55), 0.72 (1.31), 0.98 (1.63), 0.59 (1.2), and 0.40 (1.12) K, respectively. Taking into account the adjacency effects, the mean RMSE between LST and DLST on built-up, agricultural, pasture, forest, and water lands used in the cold season decreased by 0.35, 0.17, 0.13, 0.09, and 0.03 K, respectively. These values were 0.54, 0.36, 0.33, 0.34, and 0.07 K for the warm season, respectively. The result showed that considering adjacency effects increases the accuracy of LST disaggregation.
Formative Assessment, Teacher-directed Instruction and Teacher Support in Turkey: Evidence from PISA 2012

Accepted: 28.03. 2015 When evaluating the students’ learning process, the previous science curriculum in Turkey did not value the role of inquiry and formative assessment. But the latest policy documents clearly identify the change with a particular emphasis placed on studentcentered learning and formative assessment. As an effort to understand the impact of this movement, our primary purpose with this study is to evaluate the current stance of Turkish teachers in various critical skills, including formative assessment, teacher support and teacher-directed instruction, drawing upon PISA 2012 data. To achieve this goal, we first investigated the association between students’ test scores in science, and school and student related factors that influence students’ assessment of teachers in those skills. Then we compared Turkish teachers with countries that are ranked usually above the average (United States), and on the top (Korea) of international rankings. The study indicated a strong positive relationship between teacher support and student science achievement. It also indicated that teachers in all countries struggle when providing formative assessment, and Turkish teachers support students’ thinking and reasoning, check students’ understanding more than their counterparts in USA and Korea.
Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Pagrus major by the Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi

Karenia mikimotoi is a common species of red tide dinoflagellate that causes the mass mortality of marine fauna in coastal waters of Republic of Korea. Despite continuous studies on the ecophysiology and toxicity of K. mikimotoi, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Red sea bream, Pagrus major, is a high-value aquaculture fish species, and the coastal aquaculture industry of red sea bream has been increasingly affected by red tides. To investigate the potential oxidative effects of K. mikimotoi on P. major and the molecular mechanisms involved, we exposed the fish to varying concentrations of K. mikimotoi and evaluated its toxicity. Our results showed that exposure to K. mikimotoi led to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative DNA damage in the gill tissue of P. major. Furthermore, we found that K. mikimotoi induced the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, in the gill tissue of P. major, with a significant increase in activity at concentrations above 5000 cells/mL. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase did not significantly increase at the equivalent concentration. Our study confirms that oxidative stress and DNA damage is induced by acute exposure to K. mikimotoi, as it produces ROS and hypoxic conditions in P. major. In addition, it was confirmed that gill and blood samples can be used as biomarkers to detect the degree of oxidative stress in fish. These findings have important implications for the aquaculture of red sea bream, particularly in the face of red tide disasters.
Reexamination of the Field Capacity Concept in a Brazilian Oxisol

“Field capacity” is the most frequently cited soil physical quantity and also the most ambiguous one. Its true assessment involves an internal drainage experiment in the absence of evaporation and transpiration, together with the establishment of a negligible drainage rate. For practical reasons however, estimating field capacity using an arbitrary value of pressure head is common practice. The objective of this study was to assess field capacity based on a fixed bottom flux or on a fixed time. This goal should be achieved through numerical simulations of internal drainage experiments using experimentally determined soil hydraulic properties on 46 locations on a 50-m transect in a layered soil. Flux-based estimates of field capacity exhibited high correlation to unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at the lower profile boundary, hydraulic gradients ranging from 0.25 to almost 1. Considering the 46 locations, bottom flux at a fixed time varied over one order of magnitude, whereas the time to reach a predetermined bottom flux associated to field capacity also showed a variation of about an order of magnitude. By setting hydraulic conductivity equal (or slightly higher to compensate for a smaller hydraulic gradient) to a pre-established bottom flux, the pressure head or water content of field capacity was then assessed. Based on the flux criterion of 1 mm d⁻¹, field capacity corresponded to a pressure head of about -0.55 m in the evaluated soil; the corresponding time of drainage to establish this bottom flux was 4 d when considering only the top 0.15 m to almost 2 wk for a 0.75-m profile depth.
Shallow Water Seafloor Geodesy With Wave Glider‐Based GNSS‐Acoustic Surveying of a Single Transponder

Due to the blockage of seawater, seafloor displacement cannot be directly measured by space geodesy. The combination of Global Navigation Satellite Systems‐acoustic ranging (GNSS‐A) has been used to overcome the electromagnetic barrier, so that a GNSS‐determined sea surface vessel's coordinates can be transformed to seafloor benchmarks in a global reference frame. Due to the high cost and science priorities, previous GNSS‐A studies mainly targeted relatively deep water and a minimum of three transponders were used to form an array, equivalent to a precision geodetic station. With recent developments in unmanned autonomous surface vessels, low cost GNSS‐A surveys are poised to become practical. Here we demonstrate that with a carefully designed surveying trajectory, Wave Glider‐based GNSS‐A surveying of a single transponder in shallow water can provide centimeter‐level accuracy on horizontal seafloor positioning, even if the sound speed model deviates from the actual value by a few meters per second. Results from a nine‐month experiment conducted at ∼54 m water depth show that the repeatability of the seafloor horizontal positioning is better than 2 cm. When conditions allow, the acoustic observations should be collected symmetrically about the transponder and data redundancies are recommended to reduce the error associated with time‐dependent variations in sound speed.
Influence Relationship and Mechanism of Tourists' Sense of Place in World Heritage Sites: A Case Study of the Classical Gardens of Suzhou

Sense of place emphasizes local characteristics and emotional links between people and the place. By building structural relationship model,the paper uses confirmatory factor analysis methods to analyze influence relationship and operational mechanism of tourists in the world heritage site,taking classical gardens of Suzhou as a case. The results are shown as follows. (1) The antecedent mechanism and consequences influence mechanism constitutes the "Import-Export" system mechanism,operation process and result is influence relationship mechanism of tourists' sense of place in classical gardens. (2) Tourism involvement,tourism function and tourist attraction are antecedent variables of sense of place,which has a significant impact on tourists' sense of place,among them,tourism function has the greatest influence (0.420),and the influence of tourism function is the least (0.341). (3) The formation of sense of place has an important effect on tourists' attitudes and behavior of heritage protection,especially on behavior of heritage protection rather than on attitudes of heritage protection. The meta-analysis of antecedent variables and consequences of sense of place and discussion of influence relationship mechanism has important reference meanings; besides,the research points out new direction for heritage conservation and tourism development of China.
Implementation of Enterprise Architecture with Leadership Moderation Effects as a Performance Model for Regency/City Local Government Agencies in West Java Province

Purpose: The role of information technology in government agencies is becoming increasingly vital. Information Technology (IT) is positioned as an enabler, driver, and even transformer that plays a significant role in creating an organization's competitive advantage. In Government Agencies in the Republic of Indonesia, the application of SPBE (Electronic Based Government System) further legitimizes the vital role of information technology in the operations of Government Agencies in achieving organizational goals and objectives. One of the main activities in SPBE is the implementation of enterprise architecture (EA) in government agencies called the SPBE architecture. The EA implementation based on various studies conducted can positively contribute to encouraging the role of IT in achieving organizational performance. Research implications: Based on the implementation of the SPBE evaluation since 2018, there have been several improvements in the implementation of the SPBE in Government Agencies, both in terms of policy, governance, management, and IT services. The SPBE maturity index for government agencies generally increases from year to year. Government Agencies have generally started EA implementation or SPBE. However, no research can show whether it is true that EA Implementation in Local Government Agencies in the Republic of Indonesia can contribute to achieving organizational performance that represents increasing achievement of organizational goals and objectives. Method: This research was conducted at all district/city government agencies within the province of West Java. This study tries to test the hypothesis of how the implementation of EA in district/city local government agencies in West Java Province represented by EA capabilities and EA governance can contribute to improving organizational performance through organizational agility. In the relationship between EA capability and governance and organizational agility, the hypothesis testing of the leadership moderation variable is tested, whether it is true that leadership can contribute to achieving organizational agility in implementing EA. Results and conclusion: Data processing uses quantitative analysis with descriptive statistics and verification analysis using SEM. From the research, EA capability and EA governance contribute to organizational performance improvement through organizational agility. Leadership provides a positive moderating effect on the relationship between EA capability and EA governance on organizational agility.
THE SOUTH ATLANTIC SUBTROPICAL FRONT / CURRENT OF ST. HELENA

A large-scale climatic ocean circulation model was used to study the Atlantic Ocean Circulation. This inverse model is an extension of the Stommel and Schott (1977) and Schott and Stommel (1978) beta spiral formulation with a more complete version of the vorticity equation, including not only the planetary vorticity effect, but also that of the relative vorticity. Also, a more complete database for hydrological measurements in the Atlantic Ocean was used, including not only the NODC database, but also WOCE data and cruises near the Azores, Angola and Guinea-Bissau. A detailed analysis of the northern hemisphere Azores Current and Front shows that this new database and the model results were able to capture all major features reported in previous works. In the southern hemisphere we have identified and fully described the subtropical front that is the counterpart of the Azores Current, which we call the St. Helena Current and Front. Studies involving high-resolution mapping of ocean circulation from satellite altimetry, also show its presence. Both current systems of both hemispheres have similar intensities, depth penetration, volume transports and zonal flow. Both have associated subsurface adjacent counter-current flows and their main cores flow at similar latitudes (around 34oN for the Azores Current and 34oS for the St. Helena Current). We argue that both current systems and associated fronts are the poleward 18oC discontinuities of the two Atlantic subtropical gyres and that both originate at the corresponding hemisphere western boundary current systems from which they penetrate into the open ocean interior. Thus, both currents should have a similar forcing source, and their origin should not be linked to any geographical particularities. 1. DATA AND METHODS
MODIS-simulator for process-oriented climate model evaluation

A tool is presented that allows for a comparison of climate-model simulated cloud and aerosol fields with retrievals by MODIS and other spaceborne passive radiometers. The tool considers three steps: (i) the sampling of cloud-top quantities using the model's cloud overlap hypothesis, (ii) the satellite instrument sensitivity by discarding clouds with little cloud fraction or optical depth, and (iii) the diurnal sampling by taking into account the satellite overpass time for polar-orbiting satellites. The tool is easy to implement and easy to use, and has been tested widely.