Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human MutScv recognizes damaged DNA base pairs containing 06-methylguanine, 04-methylthymine, or the cisplatin-d(GpG) adduct

Bacterial and mammalian mismatch repair systems have been implicated in the cellular response to certain types of DNA damage, and genetic defects in this pathway are known to confer resistance to the cytotoxic effects of DNA-methylating agents. Such observations suggest that in addition to their ability to recognize DNA base-pairing errors, members of the MutS family may also respond to genetic lesions produced by DNA damage. We show that the human mismatch recognition activity MutSa recognizes several types of DNA lesion including the 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG) crosslink produced by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), as well as base pairs between O6-methylguanine and thymine or cytosine, or between 04-methylthymine and adenine. However, the protein fails to recognize 1,3-intrastrand adduct produced by trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(H) at a d(GpTpG) sequence. These observations imply direct involvement of the mismatch repair system in the cytotoxic effects of DNA-methylating agents and suggest that recognition of 1,2-intrastrand cis-diamminedichlo- roplatinum(ll) adducts by MutSa
SELF-CONCEPT, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF USEFULNESS OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY ACCORDING TO TYPE AND LOCATION OF SCHOOLS

This study was an attempt to test if students differed in their self-concept, attitude and their perception of the usefulness of Physics and Chemistry in terms of their type of school and location. To test this hypothesis, t-test was used to compare differences in the mean scores in terms of type of school and location. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationships between independent and dependent variable. Four hundred and forty six (446) students constituted the sample. The attitude towards Physics and Chemistry and the perception of the type of school showed there was no significant difference between single-sex and co- educational school. There was no significant difference between single- sex and co- educational school (mixed) students in their self- concept in Physics and Chemistry. There was no significant difference between single- sex and co- educational school (mixed) students in their perception of the usefulness of Physics and Chemistry. Results also show that urban students have better perception of the usefulness of Physics and Chemistry than the rural students. The difference in perception of the usefulness of Chemistry is statistically significant but the difference in perception of the usefulnessofPhysicsisnotstatisticallysignificant. Bothruralandurbanstudentshad positive attitude and self-concept for Physics and Chemistry.
Salivary Macromolecules

The status of our structure/function studies is at a crossroad. Further studies are needed to understand events on a molecular level, particularly how saliva is made and processed. Animal models as well as tissue and cell culture systems are being developed to address these issues. Nevertheless, enough information is now available to begin enhancing the natural defense properties of salivary secretions through clinical modalities such as the development of (1) diagnostic reagents and tests for local and systemic disease, (2) artificial salivas for the treatment of salivary dysfunction, and (3) topical vaccines to combat against oral diseases.
Real-Time Fuzzy Predictive Control of a Column Flotation Process

The process under study has four manipulating variables: feed flow rate, washing water, air and rejected flow rates. Column flotation process is an example of a complex, nonlinear and multivariable system. Fuzzy modeling is a well-known modeling technique, which has been applied to complex and nonlinear processes. Fuzzy multivariable modeling with fuzzy model predictive control is used in this paper to control a laboratory setup of a flotation column. Moreover, the control strategy is tested in real-time. Results show that the applied methods led to a good control performance of all the controlled variables.
Mapping the intellectual Structure of Accounting Standards

The purpose of this paper is to map the intellectual structure of accounting standards and to investigate the key concepts, themes, and their relationships of accounting standards literature in the past two decade. In this study, bibliometric and social network analysis techniques are used to investigate the intellectual pillars of the accounting standards literature. By analyzing 26,273 citations of 1,510 articles published in SSCI journal in accounting standards area between 1990 and 2009. The results of the mapping can help identify the research direction of accounting standards research and provide a valuable tool for researchers to access the literature in this area. Keywords-citation; co-citation; accounting standards; IAS; GAAP
The discourse particle well and its equivalents in Swedish and Dutch

The aim of the article is to make a contribution to the description of the meaning and functions of well by looking at its translations into Swedish and Dutch. In order to study well cross-linguistically we have used electronic translation corpora. Our account of well is based on Bakhtin's notion of heteroglossia as it is integrated within the systems of modality and evidentiality (White 1999, 2000). A comparison is made with earlier proposals by Carlson (1984), Bolinger (1989), Jucker (1993), Smith and Jucker (2000), and Schourup (2001). Both in Swedish and in Dutch we found a wide range of translations, testifying to the uses of well as a connective and as an interpersonal marker. We want to claim that these different uses can be explained from the general heteroglossic function that well fulfils. The translations also show that positive appraisal is still part of the meaning of well, though in some cases this meaning aspect is more salient than in others.
Genotypic detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonisation factors

We have developed a nonradioactive colony hybridisation assay for the detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) that harbor the structural genes for CFA/I, CS1, CS2, CS4, CS17, or PCFO166. Thus, a polynucleotide probe derived from the colonisation factor antigen I (CFA/I) operon hybridised under very low stringency conditions to total DNA from CFA/I‐producing (CFA/I), coli‐surface antigen 1 and 3 (CS1 CS3‐), CS2 CS3‐, CS4 CS6‐, CS17‐, and putative colonisation factor O166 (PCFO166)–producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The probe did not hybridise to DNA from CS3, CFA/III CS6, CS5 CS6, CS6, CS7, or PCFO159 ETEC. Visual registration of colour intensity could be used to differentiate between CFA/I, CS4 and PCFO166‐positive strains on the one hand and strains with the genetic potential to express CS1, CS2, or CS17 on the other. As a confirmatory test, restriction fragment patterns obtained from Sau3AI‐digested ETEC plasmid DNA could be used to distinguish between CFA/I, CS1, CS4, CS17, and PCFO166 ETEC in nonradioactive Southern blot hybridisation. The simultaneous genotypic detection of several ETEC colonisation factors will prove useful in vaccine‐oriented studies of ETEC disease.
Existence and Uniqueness of Hyperhelical Array Manifold Curves

A number of significant problems, arising frequently in array signal processing, have been successfully tackled using methods based on the concept of the array manifold. These approaches take advantage of the inherent information about the array system which is encapsulated in the geometry of the array manifold. Array ambiguities, array uncertainties, array design and performance characterization are just some of the areas that have benefited from this approach. However, the investigation of the geometry of the array manifold itself for most array geometries has been proven to be a complex problem, especially when higher order geometric properties need to be calculated. Nevertheless, special array geometries have been identified, for which the array manifold curve assumes a specific “hyperhelical” shape. This property of the array manifold greatly simplifies its geometric analysis and, consequently, the analysis of the associated array geometries. Hence, the goal of this paper is twofold; to provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of array manifold curves of hyperhelical shape; and to determine which array geometries can actually give rise to manifold curves of this shape.
Infection after primary hip arthroplasty

Background and purpose The aim of the present study was to assess incidence of and risk factors for infection after hip arthroplasty in data from 3 national health registries. We investigated differences in risk patterns between surgical site infection (SSI) and revision due to infection after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA). Materials and methods This observational study was based on prospective data from 2005–2009 on primary THAs and HAs from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register (NAR), the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (NHFR), and the Norwegian Surveillance System for Healthcare–Associated Infections (NOIS). The Norwegian Patient Register (NPR) was used for evaluation of case reporting. Cox regression analyses were performed with revision due to infection as endpoint for data from the NAR and the NHFR, and with SSI as the endpoint for data from the NOIS. Results The 1–year incidence of SSI in the NOIS was 3.0% after THA (167/5,540) and 7.3% after HA (103/1,416). The 1–year incidence of revision due to infection was 0.7% for THAs in the NAR (182/24,512) and 1.5% for HAs in the NHFR (128/8,262). Risk factors for SSI after THA were advanced age, ASA class higher than 2, and short duration of surgery. For THA, the risk factors for revision due to infection were male sex, advanced age, ASA class higher than 1, emergency surgery, uncemented fixation, and a National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) risk index of 2 or more. For HAs inserted after fracture, age less than 60 and short duration of surgery were risk factors of revision due to infection. Interpretation The incidences of SSI and revision due to infection after primary hip replacements in Norway are similar to those in other countries. There may be differences in risk pattern between SSI and revision due to infection after arthroplasty. The risk patterns for revision due to infection appear to be different for HA and THA.
The impact of sleep deprivation in military surgical teams: a systematic review

Background Fatigue in military operations leads to safety and operational problems due to a decrease in alertness and performance. The primary method of counteracting the effects of sleep deprivation is to increase nightly sleep time, which in operational situations is not always feasible. History has taught us that surgeons and surgical teams are finite resources that cannot operate on patients indefinitely. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the search terms ‘sleep’ and ‘deprivation’ examining the impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in military surgical teams. Studies examining outcomes on intensive care patients and subjects with comorbidities were not addressed in this review. Results Sleep deprivation in any ‘out-of-hours’ surgery has a significant impact on overall morbidity and mortality. Sleep deprivation in surgeons and surgical trainees negatively impacts cognitive performance and puts their own and patients' health at risk. All published research lacks consensus when defining ‘sleep deprivation’ and ‘rested’ states. It is recognised that it would be unethical to conduct a well-designed randomised controlled trial, to determine the effects of fatigue on performance in surgery; however, there is a paucity between surrogate markers and applying simulated results to actual clinical performance. This requires further research. Recommended methods of combating fatigue include: prophylactically ‘sleep-banking’ prior to known periods of sleep deprivation, napping, use of stimulant or alerting substances such as modafinil, coordinated work schedules to reduce circadian desynchronisation and regular breaks with enforced rest periods. Conclusions A forward surgical team will become combat-ineffective after 48 hours of continuous operations. This systematic review recommends implementing on-call periods of no more than 12 hours in duration, with adequate rest periods every 24 hours. Drug therapies and sleep banking may, in the short term, prevent negative effects of acute sleep deprivation.
Overcoming the Barriers to Accessing Government Online Services in Australia: The Case of Selected Non-English Speaking Migrants

Australia has an inherent desire to afford migrants with a wide range of opportunities, so it naturally follows that government online services should also be available to migrants with a non-English speaking background NESB. Despite the admirable efforts of governments and local agencies in Australia to provide such services, the reality is that many NESB migrants are not taking advantage of these available services. This case study investigates possible reasons for this issue, as well as suggestions for improvement. In addition, this study, involving interviews with 30 selected Arab residents, identifies language and low computer skills as among the primary reasons why many NESB migrants are discouraged from using government online services in Australia. The results of this case study, in combination with the extensive literature on the topic, show that Australia should implement ICT-based or e-government policies, programs, and services that more accurately reflect migrant cultures and languages so that migrant integration can be more fully accomplished. Specifically, this article presents a NESB model that adopts the value of user-centricity or a more individual-focused approach to government online services in Australia.
Repeated Repetition Priming in Face Recognition

Prior exposure to an item can facilitate subsequent recognition of that item. This effect, known as repetition priming, has been found for the recognition of many stimuli including faces (Bruce & Young, 1986). Three experiments are reported, which investigated whether repetition priming is limited to the first repetition or whether subsequent repetitions continually act to increase the speed of face processing. Experiment 1 demonstrated that repetition can reduce categorization time for faces after the first exposure, and this effect is independent of practice effects. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the relationship between reaction time and number of repetitions fits a negative power function. Experiment 3 investigated how delay affects this power function. Delay was found to decrease the negative gradient of the power curve. The effects of priming and delay are discussed in terms of the predictions made by Burton's (1994) interactive activation and competition with learning (IACL) model of face recognition and accounts of automaticity.
4: Instructional Development: Methodology and Research

Within the past few years, a major portion of the money available for educational improvement has been channeled into the development of instructional systems and products, and a number of books and manuals to give guidance to developers of instructional systems have appeared (Briggs, 1970; Gerlack & Ely, 1971; Kemp, 1971; M. D. Merrill, 1971 la; Popham & Baker, 1970). While they vary in terminology and detail, they all include the following components: behavioral objectives, pretest, instructional activities, posttest, and revision based on empirical tryouts. This model was first given widespread exposure by Glaser (1965, 1966) in his papers describing the emerging field of instructional psychology. M. D. Merrill (1972a, 1972b) has suggested that three premises underlie this basic model:
Using genetic information from candidate gene and genome‐wide association studies in risk prediction for alcohol dependence

Family‐based and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol dependence (AD) have reported numerous associated variants. The clinical validity of these variants for predicting AD compared with family history information has not been reported. Using the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) and the Study of Addiction: Genes and Environment (SAGE) GWAS samples, we examined the aggregate impact of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on risk prediction. We created genetic sum scores by adding risk alleles associated in discovery samples, and then tested the scores for their ability to discriminate between cases and controls in validation samples. Genetic sum scores were assessed separately for SNPs associated with AD in candidate gene studies and SNPs from GWAS analyses that met varying P‐value thresholds. Candidate gene sum scores did not exhibit significant predictive accuracy. Family history was a better classifier of case‐control status, with a significant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.686 in COGA and 0.614 in SAGE. SNPs that met less stringent P‐value thresholds of 0.01–0.50 in GWAS analyses yielded significant AUC estimates, ranging from mean estimates of 0.549 for SNPs with P < 0.01 to 0.565 for SNPs with P < 0.50. This study suggests that SNPs currently have limited clinical utility, but there is potential for enhanced predictive ability with better understanding of the large number of variants that might contribute to risk.
Pattern of sexually transmitted infections and performance of syndromic management against etiological diagnosis in patients attending the sexually transmitted infection clinic of a tertiary care hospital

Background and Objectives: The availability of baseline information on the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other associated risk behaviors is essential for designing, implementing, and monitoring successful targeted interventions. Also, continuous analysis of risk assessment and prevalence-based screening studies are necessary to evaluate and monitor the performance of syndromic management. The aim of the present study was to document the pattern of common STIs and to evaluate the performance of syndromic case management against their laboratory diagnoses. Materials and Methods: Three hundred consecutive patients who attended the STI clinic of a tertiary care hospital at Delhi, with one or more of the complaints as enunciated by WHO in its syndromic approach for the diagnosis of STIs, were included as subjects. Detailed history, demographical data, and clinical features were recorded and screened for common STIs by standard microbiological methods. Results: The mean age was 24 years and most of the male patients were promiscuous and had contact with commercial sex workers (CSWs 63.9%). Majority came with the complaint of genital discharge (63 males; 54 females) followed by genital ulcer (61 males; 30 females). Genital herpes accounted for the maximum number of STI (86/300) followed by syphilis (71/300). The sensitivity of genital discharge syndrome (GDS) was high for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis (96% and 91%, respectively) while specificity was low (76% and 72%, respectively). The sensitivity of genital ulcer syndrome for herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and Treponema pallidum was 82.65% and 81.2%, respectively, while specificity reached 99% approximately. Conclusions: Viral STIs constitute the major burden of the STI clinic and enhance the susceptibility of an individual to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contact. Syndromic algorithms have some shortcomings, and they need to be periodically reviewed and adapted to the epidemiological patterns of STI in a given setting.
Common variants near FRK/COL10A1 and VEGFA are associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration

Despite significant progress in the identification of genetic loci for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), not all of the heritability has been explained. To identify variants which contribute to the remaining genetic susceptibility, we performed the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to date for advanced AMD. We imputed 6 036 699 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with the 1000 Genomes Project reference genotypes on 2594 cases and 4134 controls with follow-up replication of top signals in 5640 cases and 52 174 controls. We identified two new common susceptibility alleles, rs1999930 on 6q21-q22.3 near FRK/COL10A1 [odds ratio (OR) 0.87; P = 1.1 × 10−8] and rs4711751 on 6p12 near VEGFA (OR 1.15; P = 8.7 × 10−9). In addition to the two novel loci, 10 previously reported loci in ARMS2/HTRA1 (rs10490924), CFH (rs1061170, and rs1410996), CFB (rs641153), C3 (rs2230199), C2 (rs9332739), CFI (rs10033900), LIPC (rs10468017), TIMP3 (rs9621532) and CETP (rs3764261) were confirmed with genome-wide significant signals in this large study. Loci in the recently reported genes ABCA1 and COL8A1 were also detected with suggestive evidence of association with advanced AMD. The novel variants identified in this study suggest that angiogenesis (VEGFA) and extracellular collagen matrix (FRK/COL10A1) pathways contribute to the development of advanced AMD.
Present Bias and Collective Dynamic Choice in the Lab

We study collective decisions by time-discounting individuals choosing a common consumption stream. We show that with any heterogeneity in time preferences, utilitarian aggregation necessitates a present bias. In lab experiments three quarters of "social planners" exhibited present biases, and less than two percent were time consistent. Roughly a third of subjects acted as if they were pure utilitarians, and the rest chose as if they also had varying degrees of distributional concerns. (JEL C91, D12, D71, D72)
Video Quality Evaluation with Multiple Coding Artifacts

The study aims at identifying effects of different coding artifacts towards video quality in various situations, via comprehensive analysis of VQEG test results. It confirms that each coding artifact factor (e.g., blockiness or edge damage) may play different role in different video sequences. This finding leads to the proposed strategy for a new distortion evaluation scheme. Key-Words: Perceptual visual metrics, Subjective tests, Coding artifacts, Human visual system, Blockiness, Edge