Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manifestaciones clínicas y tratamiento del trastorno bipolar en niños y adolescentes, una actualización basada en la evidencia

La fenomenologia del trastorno bipolar pediatrico es distinta a la presentacion clasica de este trastorno en adultos como lo indican las altas tasas de sintomas psicoticos, episodios de ciclaje rapido, alta duracion de los episodios, asi como la presencia de sintomas subsindromaticos por periodos largos. El pronostico de los pacientes que inician la enfermedad durante la infancia y/o adolescencia es peor que para aquellos que la inician en la vida adulta. En la ultima decada se ha incrementado la investigacion farmacologica para este trastorno, los ensayos clinicos han mostrado que la respuesta de ninos y adolescentes es distinta a la de los adultos, ofreciendose mejores resultados con la combinacion de psicofarmacos. Las intervenciones psicosociales involucran a la psicoeducacion y el entrenamiento en habilidades, pueden ser una alternativa de tratamiento para los ninos y adolescentes con riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno bipolar
Autonomous dynamic spectrum management for coexistence of multiple cognitive tactical radio networks

In this paper, dynamic spectrum management is studied for multiple cognitive tactical radio networks coexisting in the same area. A tactical radio network is composed of a transmitter which broadcasts the same information to its multiple receivers. First, we consider the problem of power minimization subject to a minimum rate constraint and a spectral mask constraint for a single tactical radio network with multiple receivers over parallel channels (parallel multicast channels). Then, we extend the iterative waterfilling algorithm to multiple receivers for the coexistence of multiple cognitive tactical radio networks, meaning that there is no cooperation between the different networks. The power allocation is performed autonomously at the transmit side assuming knowledge of the noise variances and channel variations of the network. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is very robust in satisfying these constraints while minimizing the overall power in various scenarios.
A new multifunctional neural network with high performance and low energy consumption

A common artificial neural network (ANN) uses the same activation function for all hidden and output neurons. Therefore, it has an optimization limitation for complex big data analysis due to its single mathematical functionality. In addition, an ANN with a complicated activation function uses a very long training time and consumes a lot of energy. To address these issues, this paper presents a new energy-efficient “Multifunctional Neural Network” (MNN) that uses a variety of different activation functions to effectively improve performance and significantly reduce energy consumption. A generic training algorithm is designed to optimize the weights, biases, and function selections for improving performance while still achieving relatively fast computational time and reducing energy usage. A novel general learning algorithm is developed to train the new energy-efficient MNN. For performance analysis, a new “Genetic Deep Multifunctional Neural Network” (GDMNN) uses genetic algorithms to optimize the weights and biases, and selects the set of best-performing energy-efficient activation functions for all neurons. The results from sufficient simulations indicate that this optimized GDMNN can perform better than other GDMNNs in terms of achieving high performance (prediction accuracy), low energy consumption, and fast training time. Future works include (1) developing more effective energy-efficient learning algorithms for the MNN for data mining application problems, and (2) using parallel cloud computing methods to significantly speed up training the MNN.
Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Extending UNOS Priority Criteria

Introduction:For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in particular, living donor liver transplant (LDLT) improves access to transplant. We report our results in 36 patients with HCC who underwent LDLT with a median follow-up >1 year. Methods:Underlying diagnoses included: hepatitis C (24), hepatitis B (9), cryptogenic cirrhosis (1), hemochromatosis (1), and primary biliary cirrhosis (1). Patients with tumors ≥ 5 cm received IV doxorubicin intraoperatively and 6 cycles of doxorubicin at 3-week intervals. Patients were followed with CT scan and alpha-fetoprotein levels every 3 months for 2 years posttransplant. Mean waiting time, pretransplant treatment, tumor variables, and survival were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done to analyze tumor variables; Kaplan-Meier and log rank were used to compare survivals. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results:Mean wait for LDLT was 62 days, compared with 459 days in 50 patients with HCC transplanted with cadaveric organs during the same time period (P = 0.0001). At median follow-up of 450 days, there have been 10 deaths due to non–tumor-related causes and 3 deaths from recurrence; recurrence has also been observed in 3 other patients. On univariate and multivariate analysis, bilobar distribution was the only significant tumor variable (P = 0.03, log rank = 0.02). Fifty-three percent of patients exceeded UNOS priority criteria. One- and two-year patient survivals were 75% and 60%, respectively. Freedom from recurrence at 365 and 730 days was 82% and 74%, respectively. Overall and in patients with HCC > 5 cm (n = 12), there were no statistically significant differences in survival or in freedom from recurrence between recipients of living donor and cadaveric grafts. Conclusion:Although one third of patients had tumors > 5 cm, the incidence of recurrence as well as patient survival and freedom from recurrence are comparable to results after cadaveric transplant. LDLT allows timely transplantation in patients with early or with large HCC.
Delinquency and Recidivism

The authors examined the role of early adverse experiences, mental health problems, and disabilities in the prediction of juvenile delinquency and recidivism, using a matched-control group design. The delinquent group comprised 99,602 youth, born between 1981 and 1988, whose cases had been processed by the South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice. Records of 99,602 controls, matched by age, race, and gender were drawn from the records of the South Carolina Department of Education. Data on Child Protective Services, foster care, mental health referrals, and diagnoses as well as information about eligibility for free/reduced-price lunch were obtained from the South Carolina Budget and Control Board, Office of Research and Statistics. Logistic regression analyses showed that parental maltreatment and foster care made unique contributions to the prediction of membership in a delinquent sample. Presence of a public school classification of learning disability or emotional/behavioral disorder was also predictive of delinquent outcomes. A prearrest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnosis relating to aggressive behavior (e.g., conduct disorder) was the strongest predictor of delinquency. Analyses conducted on the delinquent sample to predict recidivism showed a similar pattern, with an early mental health diagnosis of an aggressive disorder the strongest predictor of recidivism.
The organic anion transporter family: from physiology to ontogeny and the clinic.

The organic anion transporter (OAT) family handles a wide variety of clinically important compounds (antibiotics, nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.) and toxins. However, little is known about their appearance during development despite documented differences in the handling of anionic drugs among neonates, children, and adults. A similar spatiotemporal pattern of mRNA expression of the OATs (OAT1-4) during kidney development suggests that OAT genes may be useful in understanding the mechanisms of proximal tubule maturation. Moreover, OAT expression in unexpected extrarenal sites (e.g., spinal cord, bone, skin) has also been detected during development, possibly indicating a role for these transporters in the formation or preservation of extrarenal tissues. The cloning of these transporters also paves the way for computer-based modeling of drug-transporter interactions at the molecular level, potentially aiding in the design and assessment of new drugs. Additionally, increased understanding of single nucleotide polymorphisms in OATs and other transporters may eventually allow the use of a patient's expression profile and polymorphisms to individualize drug therapy.
Identity development of South African adolescents in a democratic society

Abstract This study compared the identity development of black and white adolescents (15 – 19 years of age) in a democratic South African society. Erik Erikson's theory of identity development during adolescence and his view of the importance of a cultural identity for identity development formed the theoretical background for the study. The level of identity development of the research participants was measured using the Erikson Scale developed by Ochse. The results showed that the black adolescents were significantly more sure of their identity than the white adolescents irrespective of gender. The findings are discussed with respect to the social situation of black and white adolescents in the newly formed democratic South Africa and the importance of cultural identity and positive role models for identity development.
Intrapreneurial Self‐Capital: A New Construct for the 21st Century

This article presents a new career construct, intrapreneurial self-capital, and provides empirical evidence to verify it. Intrapreneurial self-capital is defined as a core of individual intrapreneurial resources used to cope with career and life construction challenges and includes dimensions of core self-evaluation, hardiness, creative self-efficacy, resilience, goal mastery, decisiveness, and vigilance. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale was developed to measure this new construct. It was administered to 171 Italian high school students, and confirmatory factor analysis supported the existence of the construct and its dimensions. Intrapreneurial self-capital is a construct that will be useful for further research as well as for use in career interventions.
The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell behavior

In response to diverse stresses, the tumor suppressor p53 differentially regulates its target genes, variably inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis or senescence. Emerging evidence indicates that p53 plays an important role in regulating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence, self-renewal, apoptosis and aging. The p53 pathway is activated by DNA damage, defects in ribosome biogenesis, oxidative stress and oncogene induced p19ARF upregulation. We present an overview of the current state of knowledge about p53 (and its target genes) in regulating HSC behavior, with the hope that understanding the molecular mechanisms that control p53 activity in HSCs and how p53 mutations affect its role in these events may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for eliminating leukemia (and cancer) propagating cells.
A 5/4 Linear Time Bin Packing Algorithm

In 1985, Martel published a linear time algorithm with a 43 asymptotic worst-case ratio for the one-dimensional bin packing problem. The algorithm is based on a linear time classification of the sizes of the items, and thereafter? according to the number of elements in certain subclasses? pairing the items in a clever way. In his paper Martel mentioned a natural generalization of this algorithm, that suggested a 54 algorithm. Although this seemed to be very simple, the improvement has not been realized until now. In this paper we present an algorithm which uses the ideas of Martel and has a 54 asymptotic worst-case ratio.
Teacher Perceptions About Effective and Successful Teaching

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the perceptions of preservice and inservice teachers about successful and effective teaching. Two samples of preservice and inservice teachers responded to open-ended questions concerning their perceptions of teaching effectiveness and their own success. The first sample included 224 beginning physical education majors, student teachers, and inservice physical educators who identified 2,003 effective teaching components which were categorized into 20 different instructional factors by the research team. The second sample included 379 inservice and preservice teachers who were asked about their perceptions of successful teaching. Responses were then categorized by source of success: students, self, others’ reactions, or administrative. Results indicated differences in preservice and inservice teachers’ perceptions, suggesting a pattern of socialization into the teacher role. Teacher perceptions of effective and successful teaching reflected concern for stude.
CD8β Increases CD8 Coreceptor Function and Participation in TCR–Ligand Binding

To study the role of CD8β in T cell function, we derived a CD8α/β− (CD8−/−) T cell hybridoma of the H-2Kd–restricted N9 cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone specific for a photoreactive derivative of the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide PbCS 252-260. This hybridoma was transfected either with CD8α alone or together with CD8β. All three hybridomas released interleukin 2 upon incubation with L cells expressing Kd–peptide derivative complexes, though CD8α/β cells did so more efficiently than CD8α/α and especially CD8−/− cells. More strikingly, only CD8α/β cells were able to recognize a weak agonist peptide derivative variant. This recognition was abolished by Fab′ fragments of the anti-Kd α3 monoclonal antibody SF11.1.1 or substitution of Kd D-227 with K, both conditions known to impair CD8 coreceptor function. T cell receptor (TCR) photoaffinity labeling indicated that TCR–ligand binding on CD8α/β cells was ∼5- and 20-fold more avid than on CD8α/a and CD8−/− cells, respectively. SF1-1.1. 1 Fab′ or Kd mutation D227K reduced the TCR photoaffinity labeling on CD8α/β cells to approximately the same low levels observed on CD8−/− cells. These results indicate that CD8α/β is a more efficient coreceptor than CD8α/α, because it more avidly strengthens TCR–ligand binding.
LAST but not Least: Online Spanners for Buy-at-Bulk

The online (uniform) buy-at-bulk network design problem asks us to design a network, where the edge-costs exhibit economy-of-scale. Previous approaches to this problem used tree-embeddings, giving us randomized algorithms. Moreover, the optimal results with a logarithmic competitive ratio requires the metric on which the network is being built to be known up-front; the competitive ratios then depend on the size of this metric (which could be much larger than the number of terminals that arrive). We consider the buy-at-bulk problem in the least restrictive model where the metric is not known in advance, but revealed in parts along with the demand points seeking connectivity arriving online. For the single sink buy-at-bulk problem, we give a deterministic online algorithm with competitive ratio that is logarithmic in k, the number of terminals that have arrived, matching the lower bound known even for the online Steiner tree problem. In the oblivious case when the buy-at-bulk function used to compute the edge-costs of the network is not known in advance (but is the same across all edges), we give a deterministic algorithm with competitive ratio polylogarithmic in k, the number of terminals. At the heart of our algorithms are optimal constructions for online Light Approximate Shortest-path Trees (LASTs) and spanners, and their variants. We give constructions that have optimal trade-offs in terms of cost and stretch. We also define and give constructions for a new notion of LASTs where the set of roots (in addition to the points) expands over time. We expect these techniques will find applications in other online network-design problems.
Snatch Trajectory of Elite Level Girevoy (Kettlebell) Sport Athletes and its Implications to Strength and Conditioning Coaching

Girevoy sport (GS) has developed only recently in the West, resulting in a paucity of English scientific literature available. The aim was to document kettlebell trajectory of GS athletes performing the kettlebell snatch. Four elite GS athletes (age = 29–47 years, body mass = 68.3–108.1 kg, height 1.72–1.89 m) completed one set of 16 repetitions with a 32.1 kg kettlebell Trajectory was captured with the VICON motion analysis system (250 Hz) and analysed with VICON Nexus (1.7.1). The kettlebell followed a ‘C’ shape trajectory in the sagittal plane. Mean peak velocity in the upwards phase was 4.03 ± 0.20 m s−1, compared to 3.70 ± 0.30 m s−1 during the downwards phase, and mean radial error across the sagittal and frontal planes was 0.022 ± 0.006 m. Low error in the movement suggests consistent trajectory is important to reduce extraneous movement and improve efficiency. While the kettlebell snatch and swing both require large anterior-posterior motion, the snatch requires the kettlebell to be held stationary overhead. Therefore, a different coaching application is required to that of a barbell snatch.
Rethinking UK Small Employers' Skills Policies and the Role of Workplace Learning

Small business employers in the UK are widely perceived as adopting a reactive, ad hoc approach to employee skill formation. Employer reliance on workplace learning is often treated, explicitly or implicitly, as evidence of such an approach. Small employers' approaches to skill creation are investigated using data from two employer samples. Three main conclusions challenging these arguments are presented. First, small employers' skills policies are highly diverse: strategic, tactical and restrictive policies are distinguished. Second, employers perceive particular benefits in enabling workplace learning; simplistic views that a reliance on workplace learning necessarily constitutes an inferior last resort for those employers unable to provide access to external training are rejected. Third, enabling workplace learning is important to strategic employers, as well as to those attaching a lower value to skills. For some employers, the workplace is the primary source of new knowledge and skills because they are unavailable elsewhere. The prevalence, diversity and significance of workplace learning in small businesses require a reappraisal of UK small employers' skills policies. The implications for research, practice and policy are discussed.
Unsettling Melodies: a Cognitive Approach to Incongruent Film Music

Abstract Incongruent film music is a soundtrack, either diegetic or nondiegetic, which expresses qualities that stand in contrast to the emotions evoked by the events seen. The present article aims at covering two interconnected areas; the first is comprised of a critical recapitulation of available theoretical accounts of incongruent film music, whilst the second part of the paper offers an alternative, embodied-cognitive explanation of the audio-visual conflict which arises from this particular type of incongruence. Rather than regarding it as a phenomenon that works through disrupting conventions, we stress a perceptual-cognitive reason behind incongruence’s emotional strangeness.
Properties of two inward membrane currents in the heart.

During the last 12 years impressive experimental evidence has accumulated that two distinct inward membrane currents are responsible for excitation of the heart. The first inward current (INJ is abolished by removal of external Na ions or by tetrodotoxin (1TX) and, at least qualitatively, resem­ bles Na currents in nerve or skeletal muscle (78). INa is responsible for the fast upstroke velocity (V maJ of the cardiac action potential (AP). V max is an important factor in impulse conduction velocity in myocardial tissue (38, 60). The much smaller secondary inward current (lsJ is very sensitive to variation in the external Ca ion concentration and has many features in common with Ca currents in other excitable tissues (29,65). lsi is important for the characteristic plateau phase of the cardiac AP (8, 53) and for excitation-contraction coupling (reviewed in 17, 51, 79). Some physiological and pharmacological properties of these inward cur­ rents are described in this review. Since the length of this article is limited, I can discuss only a few of the numerous papers that lead to the concept of two distinct inward membrane currents in cardiac muscle. The literature untii about 1974 has been reviewed in several major articles and books (13, 60, 65, 75). Several articles in the Annual Review series have dealt with certain aspects of this subject (17, 40, 51, 79, 81). This review emphasizes voltage-clamp results and includes a brief discussion of methodological limitations.
(2017) AutoRoot: open-source software employing a novel image analysis approach to support fully-automated plant phenotyping. Plant Methods, 13 (1).

Background: Computer-based phenotyping of plants has risen in importance in recent years. Whilst much software has been written to aid phenotyping using image analysis, to date the vast majority has been only semi-automatic. However, such interaction is not desirable in high throughput approaches. Here, we present a system designed to analyse plant images in a completely automated manner, allowing genuine high throughput measurement of root traits. To do this we introduce a new set of proxy traits. Results: We test the system on a new, automated image capture system, the Microphenotron, which is able to image many 1000s of roots/h. A simple experiment is presented, treating the plants with differing chemical conditions to produce different phenotypes. The automated imaging setup and the new software tool was used to measure proxy traits in each well. A correlation matrix was calculated across automated and manual measures, as a validation. Some particular proxy measures are very highly correlated with the manual measures (e.g. proxy length to manual length, r 2 > 0.9). This suggests that while the automated measures are not directly equivalent to classic manual measures, they can be used to indicate phenotypic differences (hence the term, proxy ). In addition, the raw discriminative power of the new proxy traits was examined. Principal component analysis was calculated across all proxy measures over two phenotypically-different groups of plants. Many of the proxy traits can be used to separate the data in the two conditions. Conclusion: The new proxy traits proposed tend to correlate well with equivalent manual measures, where these exist. Additionally, the new measures display strong discriminative power. It is suggested that for particular phenotypic differences, different traits will be relevant, and not all will have meaningful manual equivalent measures. However, approaches such as PCA can be used to interrogate the resulting data to identify differences between datasets. Select images can then be carefully manually inspected if the nature of the precise differences is required. We suggest such flexible measurement approaches are necessary for fully automated, high throughput systems such as the Microphenotron.