Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Som Text Figs. S1 to S6 Table S1 References Enzyme-free Nucleic Acid Logic Circuits

the middle domain by a DAO (double crossover with antiparallel helices whose crossovers are separated by an odd number of DNA half-turns) linkage (3). In contrast, the central domain is connected to the upper domain by a PX linkage (7). Further right on the upper domains, the double-helical continuity is interrupted by a pair of set strands (green in A and B, purple in C and D) that controls the state of the PX-JX 2 device. Proceeding to the right, the two-helix motif continues for about four double-helical turns. A long reporter hairpin has been attached so that it extends perpendicular to the plane of the cassette. This hairpin points in opposite directions in the PX state and in the JX 2 state, enabling differentiation of the two states by means of AFM. The stability of the cassette in both states, with and without the reporter hairpin, is indicated by the presence of single bands on a nondenaturing gel in Fig. 1E. A three-domain tile (TX) array (8) was selected for insertion. In this array, the TX tiles are connected so that the bottom domain of each tile is attached to the upper domain of a tile in an adjacent column (Fig. 2). This arrangement produces slots that may be flanked by sticky ends on the termini of the middle domains of each TX tile. These sticky ends can be used to bind another tile with complementary sticky ends in that site (8). We form the TX array with eight unique tiles, so as to accommodate the cassette's long reporter hairpin (Fig. 1); the size of the hairpin needed to demonstrate motion has limited us to only two inserted elements. One of these elements is the cassette, containing the PX-JX 2 device, and the other is a TX marker tile, parallel to the cassette, that enables us to establish a reference frame on the array. The marker tile is in the same column as the cassette insertion domain (Fig. 2). The sequences of the cassette and the tiles are shown in fig. S1; the presence of all strands in each state is shown in figs. S2 and S3; the conversion of state in solution is shown in fig. S4 (9). The results of insertion and state conversion are shown by AFM in Fig. 3. Fig. 3A shows an array of PX-state cassettes (left) that have been converted to JX 2-state …
A Multicultural Framework: Transforming Curriculum, Transforming Students.

This paper discusses efforts to bring a multicultural perspective to a 200-level course on the sociology of health and aging as a means of addressing broader multicultural curriculum transformation issues. This course uses a systems of inequality approach. The selection of compatible reading materials is discussed, as is the challenge of introducing small-group work to provide more direct exposure to the privileges and disadvantages in students' lives. Four semesters of small-group work are summarized in the content analyses of students' responses to four questions : what is a source of pride in your racial/ethnic background ? When have you been discriminated against ? When have you discriminated against others ? How are you privileged ? Results reveal an implied white racism, frank gender discrimination toward women, a tendency to personalize and individualize discrimination toward others, and perceived class privilege with regard to education. These findings are discussed within the context of the systems of inequality approach, within the context of the course, and within the wider multicultural transformation enterprise
Targeting apicoplasts in malaria parasites

Introduction: The relict plastid, or apicoplast, is a characteristic feature of Plasmodium spp. and reflects the unusual evolutionary origins of these parasites. The essential role this organelle plays in the life of the parasite, and its unusual, non-mammalian metabolism, make the apicoplast an excellent drug target. Areas covered: This review focuses on the biological role of the apicoplast in the erythrocytic life cycle and what that reveals about existing drug targets. We also discuss the future of the apicoplast in the development of anti-malarials, emphasizing those pathways with greatest potential as a source of novel drug targets and emphasizing the need to understand in vitro drug responses to optimize eventual use of these drugs to treat malaria. Expert opinion: More than a decade of research on the apicoplast has confirmed the promise of this organelle as a source of drug targets. It is now possible to rationally assess the value of existing drugs and new drug targets, and to understand the role these drugs can play in the arsenal of anti-malarial treatments.
FIRST ORDER SMTL LOGIC AND QUASI-WITNESSED MODELS

In this paper we prove strong completeness of axiomatic extensions of First Order SMTL logic adding the so-called quasi-witnessed axioms with respect to quasi-witnessed Models. In order to achieve this result, we make use of methods that are typical of Classical Predicate Logic, and have been later generalized by P. H ajek to cope with Predicate Fuzzy Logic. At the end of the paper, we obtain, as a particular case, the result of strong completeness, already proven by M.C. Laskowski and S. Malekpour, for Product Predicate Logic with respect to quasi-witnessed Models.
Scientific Mobility and Knowledge Transfer at the Interregional and Intraregional Level

Trippl M. Scientific mobility and knowledge transfer at the interregional and intraregional level, Regional Studies. The aim of this paper is to explore the extent and nature of knowledge flows which result from the international mobility of elite scientists. Based on the findings from a worldwide survey of ‘star scientists’ (that is, authors of highly cited journal articles in different research areas), it is shown that these top researchers establish manifold interregional knowledge links between their sending and receiving areas and embed themselves in their location of choice by creating connections to regional actors. Furthermore, the paper identifies a set of crucial factors that determine whether or not star scientists engage in intraregional knowledge transfer activities.
Chinese Word Segmentation Based On Direct Maximum Entropy Model

Chinese word segmentation is a fundamental and important issue in Chinese information processing. In order to find a unified approach for Chinese word segmentation, the author develop a Chinese lexical analyzer PCWS using direct maximum entropy model. The paper presents the general description of PCWS, as well as the result and analysis of its performance at the Second International Chinese Word Segmentation Bakeoff.
Lossy resonators as decoupling elements in densely packed arrays

This article reports on a simple yet efficient technique of magnetic coupling suppression among densely packed E coupled patch antenna arrays. As compared to the traditional techniques to reduce mutual coupling such as inserting a metamaterial structure between the two adjacent elements, the presented technique can achieve a lesser physical gap between the two radiating elements. Two element antenna array is used in this work where edge-to-edge separation of the antenna elements are kept at λ0/3 and isolation of 45 dB has been achieved at 6 GHz.
Empirical research on the groupon technology acceptance mode

As a kind of new electronic commerce mode, groupon has changed the way people was used to consume because of lower cost, more competitive price, higher efficiency. This paper aims to delineate a theory of technology acceptance model, using Gefen (2003) as its basic theory, and combining the truth of online groupon with the professional ability of information senders. At the same time, we add some concepts such as brands of business and groupon websites, consumers' trust and the ability of community message senders. We got the data through college students by the 208 questionnaires. The empirical result indicates that business brand and groupon web sites quality are having the positive correlation with the trust of customers. This conclusion will provide decisive support to improve consumers' willingness to join online groupon.
A semiclosed-loop optimal control system for blood glucose level in diabetics

In this manuscript, the well-known Bergman nonlinear mathematical model of the plasma glucose/insulin interaction is adopted and a semi closed-loop optimal technique is proposed for the correction of hyperglycemia in diabetic subjects. Computer simulations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique and to demonstrate its superiority in controlling hyperglycemia over other existing algorithms.
Clinical and Virologic Factors Associated with Reduced Sensitivity of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests in Hospitalized Elderly Patients and Young Children

ABSTRACT Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are commonly used by clinicians to guide patient management. Data on sensitivities among hospitalized patients are limited. Here, we evaluated the clinical and virologic factors affecting the sensitivities of 2 commercially available RIDTs (BinaxNOW Influenza A&B and QuickVue Influenza A+B) on nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) specimens collected from elderly patients and young children hospitalized for influenza. Influenza cases and age-matched negative controls were prospectively enrolled during the 2011-2012 influenza season in Hong Kong. NPA specimens were collected at presentation before antiviral treatment. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) results were used as references for the sensitivity analyses. One hundred patients (57 influenza cases and 43 controls) were studied. Both RIDTs had 100% specificities. The sensitivities of the BinaxNOW Influenza A&B and QuickVue Influenza A+B tests were 70% and 82%, respectively. For both tests, the sensitivities were lower in cases with presentation times beyond 2 days of illness onset than for those within this time (50 to 71% versus 85 to 91%, respectively). There were trends toward lower sensitivities for influenza B than for influenza A (66 to 81% versus 76 to 84%, respectively), among young children than among the elderly patients (63 to 78% versus 80 to 88%, respectively), and among cases with pneumonia than those without pneumonia (75% versus 82 to 94%, respectively). The sensitivities of the RIDTs decreased with reduced NPA viral RNA levels (5.6 to 15.0% reduction per 1-log decrease), which declined progressively after illness onset (Spearman's rho, −0.47 [P < 0.05] and −0.66 [P < 0.001] for influenza A and B, respectively). Collectively, late presentation, a low NPA viral load, and probably lower respiratory manifestation are factors associated with reduced sensitivities of RIDTs for diagnosing influenza in hospitalized patients. A negative RIDT result should be interpreted with caution.
How B-Cell Receptor Repertoire Sequencing Can Be Enriched with Structural Antibody Data

Next-generation sequencing of immunoglobulin gene repertoires (Ig-seq) allows the investigation of large-scale antibody dynamics at a sequence level. However, structural information, a crucial descriptor of antibody binding capability, is not collected in Ig-seq protocols. Developing systematic relationships between the antibody sequence information gathered from Ig-seq and low-throughput techniques such as X-ray crystallography could radically improve our understanding of antibodies. The mapping of Ig-seq datasets to known antibody structures can indicate structurally, and perhaps functionally, uncharted areas. Furthermore, contrasting naïve and antigenically challenged datasets using structural antibody descriptors should provide insights into antibody maturation. As the number of antibody structures steadily increases and more and more Ig-seq datasets become available, the opportunities that arise from combining the two types of information increase as well. Here, we review how these data types enrich one another and show potential for advancing our knowledge of the immune system and improving antibody engineering.
Class Forces, Political Institutions, and State Intervention: Subnational Economic Development Policy in the United States, 1971–19901

The United States has experienced a major devolution of social and economic policy responsibilities to the states. Subnational industrial policies to create jobs and qualitative economic growth are key to this devolution. The authors examine the development of these policies in terms of (1) the articulation of class interests, (2) state‐level political institutions, (3) prior political legacies, (4) underlying production regimes, and (5) interactions of strong political institutions and class mobilization. An annual pooled cross‐sectional time‐series analysis of three state‐level economic development policies (entrepreneurial, industrial recruitment, and labor market regulation) shows that in addition to business power and strong state capacities, the political legacies of 1930s welfare policy innovations and mezocorporatist bargaining potential condition the effects of business power.
Probing the Mec1ATR Checkpoint Activation Mechanism with Small Peptides*

Yeast Mec1, the ortholog of human ATR, is the apical protein kinase that initiates the cell cycle checkpoint in response to DNA damage and replication stress. The basal activity of Mec1 kinase is activated by cell cycle phase-specific activators. Three distinct activators stimulate Mec1 kinase using an intrinsically disordered domain of the protein. These are the Ddc1 subunit of the 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp (ortholog of human and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad9), the replication initiator Dpb11 (ortholog of human TopBP1 and S. pombe Cut5), and the multifunctional nuclease/helicase Dna2. Here, we use small peptides to determine the requirements for Mec1 activation. For Ddc1, we identify two essential aromatic amino acids in a hydrophobic environment that when fused together are proficient activators. Using this increased insight, we have been able to identify homologous motifs in S. pombe Rad9 that can activate Mec1. Furthermore, we show that a 9-amino acid Dna2-based peptide is sufficient for Mec1 activation. Studies with mutant activators suggest that binding of an activator to Mec1 is a two-step process, the first step involving the obligatory binding of essential aromatic amino acids to Mec1, followed by an enhancement in binding energy through interactions with neighboring sequences.
Nanoantennas for visible and infrared radiation

Nanoantennas for visible and infrared radiation can strongly enhance the interaction of light with nanoscale matter by their ability to efficiently link propagating and spatially localized optical fields. This ability unlocks an enormous potential for applications ranging from nanoscale optical microscopy and spectroscopy over solar energy conversion, integrated optical nanocircuitry, opto-electronics and density-of-states engineering to ultra-sensing as well as enhancement of optical nonlinearities. Here we review the current understanding of metallic optical antennas based on the background of both well-developed radiowave antenna engineering and plasmonics. In particular, we discuss the role of plasmonic resonances on the performance of nanoantennas and address the influence of geometrical parameters imposed by nanofabrication. Finally, we give a brief account of the current status of the field and the major established and emerging lines of investigation in this vivid area of research.
Europeanization and Secession: The Cases of Catalonia and Scotland

In this article, I examine and compare discourses and strategies mobilized by pro- and anti-independence movements in the UK and in Spain in order to assess how the EU as an actor or as a political institutional context affects contemporary secessionist politics within member states. I argue that the EU provides a complex web of opportunities and constraints for pro- and antiindependence movements in the UK. The EU is both an arena for articulating claims and a source of allies, while appeals to images, histories and experiences of the EU and other European states can be mobilized discursively in reasoning for or against secession. I also argue that, overall, the EU appears to have provided more opportunities than constraints for anti-independence activists. In an indication of the relevance of Europe in contemporary secession debates, the article shows that arguments and beliefs about Europe were actively employed by activists to justify or criticize the premises underpinning reasons to support or reject secession, although more research is needed to determine whether these arguments about Europe resonated with voting publics in Scotland and Catalonia.
Consumer ethnocentrism: A test of antecedents and moderators

This article identifies theoretical antecedents of consumer ethnocentricity and the effect ethnocentricity has on evaluations toward importing products. Hypotheses pertaining to the relationship between the identified antecedents and consumer ethnocentricity are developed based on an extensive review of the ethnocentrism and country-of-origin literatures. Also identified are factors moderating the effect of ethnocentric tendencies on consumers’ attitudes toward importing products. The hypotheses are subjected to an empirical test using data collected in Korea.
Automatic Image Segmentation Based on Maximal Similarity Based Region Merging

Image segmentation is one of the most significant tasks in computer vision. Since automatic techniques are hard for this purpose, a number of interactive techniques are used for image segmentation. The result of these techniques largely depends on user feedback. It is difficult to get good interactions for large databases. On the other hand, automatic image segmentation is becoming a significant objective in computer vision and image analysis. We propose an automatic framework to detect foreground. We are applying Maximal Similarity Based Region Merging (MSRM) technique for region merging and using image boundary to identify foreground regions. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The proposed framework reveals its effectiveness especially to extract multiple objects from background.
Introduction to the Special Issue — Social Computing and Service Innovation: A Framework for Research

ABSTRACT Recently, we more and more observe service innovations emerging from social interactions among a network of actors inside and outside of organizations. Social computing technologies are the main facilitators of social interactions, hence increasingly play a vital role in the service innovation. Yet, research on the role of social computing in service innovation lacks clear theoretical and empirical basis. This special issue was designed to stimulate research on the intersection of social computing and service innovation. In this paper, we outline a broad research framework in this regard, including the papers in this special issue and areas for future research.
Doctor in the lead: balancing between two worlds

The article examines the leadership of department heads in a university hospital in day-to-day practice. These ‘doctors in the lead’ bridge the medical and the management world in the hospital organization.They are better able to influence their colleagues’ clinical activities than a non-medical manager. This is, however not a trouble-free task. The concepts of Pierre Bourdieu—habitus, field and capital—guide the analysis of empirical material. The medical habitus influences the questions and dilemmas department heads face, as well as the ways in which they can exert influence on their colleagues. ‘Janus-faced’ they look at the medical and the management world with their two different logics. Sometimes they display managerial behaviour, but the medical habitus remains their second nature. Based on these findings we argue that the formal hierarchy of the hospital organization should be brought more in line with the informal professional hierarchy.
Delay jitter first-order and second-order statistical functions of general traffic on high-speed multimedia networks

We develop analytical approximations for the first order and second-order statistics of the delay jitter experienced by a stationary traffic stream multiplexed at a major communication node; these approximations are then used to gain insight into the behavior of jitter at a single node under diverse system and traffic conditions. Our construction applies when the node can be modeled as a finite quasi-birth-death (QBD) process and the interarrival time probability density functions (pdfs) for the tagged stream are obtainable. We compare the jitter performance of three different tagged streams: periodic, Poisson, and on/off binary Markov process. Because jitter behavior is most deleterious for the former, we study the individual effects of various system and traffic parameters on the jitter statistics of a periodic stream multiplexed in a Markov-modulated Poisson process (MMPP)/M/1/K system. To demonstrate the flexibility of this analytical technique, we also consider a JPEG video stream multiplexed with JPEG, MPEG, and data sources on an OC-12 line.
Get IT going: New ethnic Chinese business. The case of Taiwanese-owned computer rms in Hamburg

Drawing on qualitative, semi-structured interviews with Taiwanese entrepreneurs who operate mostly small- to medium-scale businesses in the computer sales sector in Hamburg (Germany), this paper brings out the diversity of 'ethnic entrepreneurship', a notion which is conventionally used almost exclusively for labour-intensive light industries and service-sector activities run by family members or co-ethnics of migrant communities. In order to understand the complex operation strategies of these entrepreneurs, I use the concept of 'mixed embeddedness', which emphasises the crucial interplay of the social cultural aspects on the one hand, and that of the local and broader economies on the other. This paper will highlight the importance of developments in production and marketing of the computer hardware industry, the economic conditions in Asia, and the socio-economic environment in Germany in shaping operation tactics, including location rationale, choice of business type and marketing strategies of these enterprises. In addition, the roles of local and transnational ethnic networks in facilitating both business and personal life of these overseas Chinese entrepreneurs in Germany will also be discussed.
Culture, Politics, and Policy Interpretation

Understanding how educational practitioners make sense of and subsequently implement policy has been an increasingly important objective of the K-12 research community. This study extends this research into higher education via an in-depth case study of an urban public 2-year technical college. Drawing on sensemaking theory and critical policy analysis, five primary factors are discussed that significantly influence policy interpretation. These factors include common fixtures within higher education, such as institutional identity and self-interest, and other factors, such as national narratives and perceptions of the target population. The findings also suggest that policy interpretation can influence whether a policy improves equity or maintains the status quo. Finally, by highlighting the roles of race and power within this social context, this study identifies critical implications for how policy can be successfully implemented or, as in this case, resisted and opportunistically disregarded.