Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Langmuir–Submesoscale Interactions: Descriptive Analysis of Multiscale Frontal Spindown Simulations

AbstractThe interactions between boundary layer turbulence, including Langmuir turbulence, and submesoscale processes in the oceanic mixed layer are described using large-eddy simulations of the spindown of a temperature front in the presence of submesoscale eddies, winds, and waves. The simulations solve the surface-wave-averaged Boussinesq equations with Stokes drift wave forcing at a resolution that is sufficiently fine to capture small-scale Langmuir turbulence. A simulation without Stokes drift forcing is also performed for comparison. Spatial and spectral properties of temperature, velocity, and vorticity fields are described, and these fields are scale decomposed in order to examine multiscale fluxes of momentum and buoyancy. Buoyancy flux results indicate that Langmuir turbulence counters the restratifying effects of submesoscale eddies, leading to small-scale vertical transport and mixing that is 4 times greater than in the simulations without Stokes drift forcing. The observed fluxes are also sh.
A single protective polymorphism in the prion protein blocks cross‐species prion replication in cultured cells

The bank vole (BV) prion protein (PrP) can function as a universal acceptor of prions. However, the molecular details of BVPrP's promiscuity for replicating a diverse range of prion strains remain obscure. To develop a cultured cell paradigm capable of interrogating the unique properties of BVPrP, we generated monoclonal lines of CAD5 cells lacking endogenous PrP but stably expressing either hamster (Ha), mouse (Mo), or BVPrP (M109 or I109 polymorphic variants) and then challenged them with various strains of mouse or hamster prions. Cells expressing BVPrP were susceptible to both mouse and hamster prions, whereas cells expressing MoPrP or HaPrP could only be infected with species‐matched prions. Propagation of mouse and hamster prions in cells expressing BVPrP resulted in strain adaptation in several instances, as evidenced by alterations in conformational stability, glycosylation, susceptibility to anti‐prion small molecules, and the inability of BVPrP‐adapted mouse prion strains to infect cells expressing MoPrP. Interestingly, cells expressing BVPrP containing the G127V prion gene variant, identified in individuals resistant to kuru, were unable to become infected with prions. Moreover, the G127V polymorphic variant impeded the spontaneous aggregation of recombinant BVPrP. These results demonstrate that BVPrP can facilitate cross‐species prion replication in cultured cells and that a single amino acid change can override the prion‐permissive nature of BVPrP. This cellular paradigm will be useful for dissecting the molecular features of BVPrP that allow it to function as a universal prion acceptor.
A Theoretical Study on Charge Transfer and Hyperpolarizability of (S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-propanoic Acid

The DFT approach was used to investigate the antihypertensive molecule (S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)- 2-methyl-propanoic acid at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The electron-hole analysis of three excited states has been performed, in which the maximum charge transfer length (2.727Å) has been calculated for the first excited state and the minimum for the third excited state (1.626 Å). On the other hand, the electron-hole overlap is found to be almost negligible for the first excited state and it is found to be maximum for the second excited state. The variation of thermodynamic properties with temperature is studied. The correlation graphs are obtained between the thermodynamic quantities (heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy) and temperature with a very high value of R2 (>0.99). The values of dipole moment, mean polarizability, anisotropy of polarizability, first hyperpolarizability and second hyperpolarizability are found to be 3.5250 Debye, 12.6980×10−24esu, 19.8162×10−24esu, 0.9017×10−30esu and -0.0412×10−35esu, respectively. These values are higher than the value of urea.
Fabrication and ethanol sensing characteristics of ZnO nanowire gas sensors

Based on the achievement of synthesis of ZnO nanowires in mass production, ZnO nanowires gas sensors were fabricated with microelectromechanical system technology and ethanol-sensing characteristics were investigated. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity and fast response to ethanol gas at a work temperature of 300 °C. Our results demonstrate the potential application of ZnO nanowires for fabricating highly sensitive gas sensors.
An end‐to‐end deep learning approach for Raman spectroscopy classification

Raman spectroscopy has numerous advantages as a means of analyzing materials and is widely used in petrochemical, material, food, biological, medical, and other fields. Its analysis process is fast, nondestructive, and requires no prepreparation. Meanwhile, the research on applying machine learning methods in Raman spectral recognition is becoming increasingly popular. In this study, an end‐to‐end deep learning method called deep residual shrinkage‐VGG (DRS‐VGG) is proposed, which is able to match Raman spectral features with model structure and reduces the reliance on feature engineering. The addition of identity shortcut and soft thresholding in the model eliminates redundant signals to achieve end‐to‐end spectral identification. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified in three subsets of the RRUFF Raman database and bacterial Raman dataset from different perspectives without data augmentation, and the recognition accuracy is 97.84%, 92.81%, and 95.08%, respectively. Compared with other methods, the proposed DRS‐VGG model achieved a significant improvement in speed or accuracy. The model's understanding of the spectra is visualized by the gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM), which explains the excellent classification performance. Additionally, the weight pruning technique is used to achieve model compression and improve recognition accuracy by shrinking the weights and fine‐tuning the biases.
Influence of the implantation parameters on the microstructure of carbon onions produced by carbon ion implantation

We study the influence of implantation parameters (temperature, implanted dose, and current density) on the microstructure of carbon onions produced by carbon ion implantation into silver substrates held at elevated temperature. Carbon onions are synthesized only for temperatures higher than 400 °C. An increase of the average diameter of the onions as well as a structure presenting less defects are observed when the temperature increases from 500 to 800 °C. For implantation doses varying from 5×1016 cm−2 to 5×1017 cm−2, we observe an increase of the average diameter, spherical onions with a very sharp distribution in size being obtained for doses ⩽1017 cm−2. We also vary the current density of the carbon ion beam from 2 to 45 μA cm−2, but this parameter does not induce any visible microstructural evolution of the onions. From the results presented here, one can now carry out studies related to the evolution of the physical properties of well defined size carbon onions having a controlled amount of defects.
Biofouling of a unionid mussel by dreissenid mussels in nearshore zones of the Great Lakes

Abstract In North America, native unionid mussels are imperiled due to factors such as habitat degradation, pollution, and invasive species. One of the most substantial threats is that posed by dreissenid mussels, which are invasive mussels that attach to hard substrates including unionid shells and can restrict movement and feeding of unionids. This dreissenid mussel biofouling of unionids varies spatially in large ecosystems, such as the Great Lakes, with some areas having low enough biofouling to form effective refugia where unionid mussels might persist. Here, we measured biofouling on mussels suspended in cages over the growing season (generally first week in June to last week of August) over 3 years in nearshore areas in Lake Erie (2014–2016), Lake Michigan (Grand Traverse Bay, 2015 and Green Bay, 2016), and Lake Huron (2015). Biofouling varied substantially by years within Lake Erie, with increasingly higher biofouling rates each year. Although dreissenid mussels are present throughout these lakes, we observed very low biofouling in Grand Traverse Bay (Lake Michigan) and Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), with no dreissenid mussels in 8 of 9 sites across these two bays. Sampling in the rivermouth of the Fox River (Wisconsin) and the Maumee River (Ohio) both showed very high biofouling in areas adjacent to the outlet of these tributaries into Green Bay and Maumee Bay (Lake Erie), respectively. These watersheds are dominated by agriculture, and we would expect high growth of primary producers (i.e., mussel food) and primary consumers (unionids and zebra mussels) in these areas compared to the other sampled bays or the open waters of the Great Lakes.
Magnetic Resonance and Vibrational Spectroscopy and Imaging in Food Analysis

In the past two decades, there have been remarkable changes in the way we analyze the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of fresh and processed food products, with the progressive replacement of traditional wet analytical methods (destructive, laborious, time-consuming, and requiring the use of hazardous chemicals) with new, fast, non-destructive physical methods where the analysis is performed in a single step, after validation, and without the use of chemical reagents [. ].
Simple, Reliable Protocol for High-Yield Solubilization of Seedless Amyloid-β Monomer

Self-assembly of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide to form toxic oligomers and fibrils is a key causal event in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, and Aβ is the focus of intense research in neuroscience, biophysics, and structural biology aimed at therapeutic development. Due to its rapid self-assembly and extreme sensitivity to aggregation conditions, preparation of seedless, reproducible Aβ solutions is highly challenging, and there are serious ongoing issues with consistency in the literature. In this paper, we use a liquid-phase separation technique, asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation with multiangle light scattering (AF4-MALS), to develop and validate a simple, effective, economical method for re-solubilization and quality control of purified, lyophilized Aβ samples. Our findings were obtained with recombinant peptide but are physicochemical in nature and thus highly relevant to synthetic peptide. We show that much of the variability in the literature stems from the inability of overly mild solvent treatments to produce consistently monomeric preparations and is rectified by a protocol involving high-pH (>12) dissolution, sonication, and rapid freezing to prevent modification. Aβ treated in this manner is chemically stable, can be stored over long timescales at −80 °C, and exhibits remarkably consistent self-assembly behavior when returned to near-neutral pH. These preparations are highly monomeric, seedless, and do not require additional rounds of size exclusion, eliminating the need for this costly procedure and increasing the flexibility of use. We propose that our improved protocol is the simplest, fastest, and most effective way to solubilize Aβ from diverse sources for sensitive self-assembly and toxicity assays.
Multiwinner Voting for Energy-Efficient Mobile Sink Rendezvous Selection in Wireless Sensor Network

Recent studies have demonstrated the advantage of applying mobile sink to prevent the energy-hole problem and prolong network lifetime in wireless sensor network. However, most researches treat the touring length constraint simply as the termination indicator of rendezvous point selection, which leads to a suboptimal solution. In this paper, we notice that the optimal set of rendezvous points is unknown but deterministic and propose to elect the set of rendezvous points directly with the multiwinner voting-based method instead of step-by-step selection. A weighted heuristic voter generation method is introduced to choose the representative voters, and a scoring rule is also well designed to obtain a satisfying solution. We also employ an iterative schema for the voting score update to refine the solution. We have conducted extensive experiments, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively prolong the network lifetime and achieve the competitive performance with other SOTA methods. Compared to the methods based on step-by-step selection, the proposed method increases the network lifetime by 23.2% and 10.5% on average under the balanced-distribution and unbalanced-distribution scenarios, respectively.
“Testing for malaria does not cure any pain” A qualitative study exploring low use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests at drug shops in rural Uganda

The World Health Organization recommends all suspected malaria cases be confirmed with a parasitological test, typically a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), prior to treatment. Despite recommendations, many fevers presenting at private drug shops are treated presumptively as malaria without diagnostic testing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe community perceptions of RDTs and explore ways to improve malaria case management at drug shops in Bugoye, western Uganda. A total of 63 in-depth interviews were conducted between September and December 2021 with 24 drug shop clients, 19 drug shop vendors, 12 community health workers, and 8 health and community officials. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis and narrative techniques. While drug shop clients valued RDTs, the cost of the test limited their use. Further, mistrust in negative results and fear about treatment options for conditions other than malaria led to nonadherence to negative RDTs. Improvement with antimalarials after a negative RDT, or no RDT at all, was seen as proof an individual had malaria, reinforcing the acceptability of liberal antimalarial use. Drug shop vendors were knowledgeable about malaria case management but financially conflicted between recommending best practices and losing business. While clients viewed drug shop vendors as trusted health professionals, health officials distrusted them as business owners focused on maximizing profits. Study results suggest public-private partnerships that recognize the essential role of drug shops, better incorporate them into the healthcare system, and leverage the high levels of community trust in vendors, could provide greater opportunities for oversight and training to improve private-sector malaria case management. Interventions that address financial barriers to RDT use, emphasize the financial benefits of malaria testing, increase vendor knowledge about illnesses confused with malaria, and improve the quality of vendor-client counseling could increase RDT uptake and improve adherence to RDT results.
Sulfur-Doped Binary Layered Metal Oxides Incorporated on Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

In this study, a novel biomass adsorbent based on activated carbon incorporated with sulfur-based binary metal oxides layered nanoparticles (SML-AC), including sulfur (S2), manganese (Mn), and tin (Sn) oxide synthesized via the solvothermal method. The newly synthesized SML-AC was studied using FTIR, FESEM, EDX, and BET to determine its functional groups, surface morphology, and elemental composition. Hence, the BET was performed with an appropriate specific surface area for raw AC (356 m2·g−1) and modified AC-SML (195 m2·g−1). To prepare water samples for ICP-OES analysis, the suggested nanocomposite was used as an efficient adsorbent to remove lead (Pb2+), cadmium (Cd2+), chromium (Cr3+), and vanadium (V5+) from oil-rich regions. As the chemical structure of metal ions is influenced by solution pH, this parameter was considered experimentally, and pH 4, dosage 50 mg, and time 120 min were found to be the best with high capacity for all adsorbates. At different experimental conditions, the AC-SML provided a satisfactory adsorption capacity of 37.03–90.09 mg·g−1 for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, and V5+ ions. The adsorption experiment was explored, and the method was fitted with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99) as compared to the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.91). The kinetic models and free energy (<0.45 KJ·mol−1) parameters demonstrated that the adsorption rate is limited with pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.99) under the physical adsorption mechanism, respectively. Finally, the study demonstrated that the AC-SML nanocomposite is recyclable at least five times in the continuous adsorption–desorption of metal ions.
Analytical theory of turbulent diffusion

Recently Kraichnan (1959) has propounded a theory of homogeneous turbulence, based on a novel perturbation method, that leads to closed equations for the velocity covariance. In the present paper, this method is applied to the theory of turbulent diffusion and closed equations are derived for the probability distributions of the positions of marked fluid elements released in a turbulent flow. Two topics are discussed in detail. The first is the probability distribution, at time t, of the displacement of an element from its initial position. In homogeneous flows, this distribution is found to resemble that for classical diffusion but with a variable coefficient of diffusion which is proportional to $v^2_0 t$ for $t \ll l|v_0$ and which approaches a constant value [eDot ] lv0 for t t [Gt ] l/v0 (l = macroscale, v0 = r.m.s. turbulent velocity). The second topic treated is the joint probability distribution of the displacements of two fluid elements. Particular attention is focused upon the probability distribution of relative displacement, i.e. Richardson's distance-neighbour function. This is found to be Gaussian for separations r which are large ([Gt ] l). For smaller separations (r [Lt ] l), its behaviour at high Reynolds numbers is found to be quite well expressed in terms of a variable diffusion coefficient K(r,t), as suggested by Richardson (1926). For all but extremely short times, K(r,t) is found to depend only on r and on the form of the inertial range spectrum E(k). On assuming $E(r) \propto v^2_0 l(kl)^{- \frac {3}{2}}$ as results from Kraichnan's approximation (1959), one finds $E(r) \propto v_0 l(r|l)^{ \frac {3}{2}}$. On the basis of similarity arguments of the Kolmogorov type, which give $E(r) \propto v^2_0 l(kl)^{- \frac {5}{2}}$, one finds $E(r) \propto v_0 l(r|l)^{ \frac {4}{3}}$ as, in fact, Richardson originally proposed. The dispersion r2 is proportional to $l^2(v_0 t|l)^4$ on Kraichnan's theory; while $\langle r^2 \rangle \propto l^2 (v_0 t|l)^3$ on the similarity theory. This illustrates that the behaviour of $\langle r^2 \rangle$ is very sensitive to the spectrum.
Factors that Influence the Financial Literacy on Micro Small and Medium Entreprise

Provide a study and analysis of the factors of financial literacy related to the financial management of MSMEs in the city of Medan as the purpose of this research. This objective is based on the existing conditions in which MSMEs activities run without relying on information and financial management that is arranged in an orderly and orderly manner. The research approach used is associative. Primary data as the type in this study were sourced from questionnaires and interviews. The population used is the perpetrators of SMEs in the food and beverage industry sector in the city of Medan, amounting to 120 respondents, using purposive sampling technique in sampling, then obtained as many as 100 samples used in this study as respondents. Each questionnaire statement collected and used as data in this study will be measured by validity and reliability tests. The data analysis method uses Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using the SEM (Structural Equation Model) structural equation model. Evaluation of the structural equation model using the t statistic and p value parameters. This study based on the test results found that three variables of financial literacy, including financial behavior, financial socialization, and bookkeeping systems positively and significantly affect it.
Analysis of spectrally resolved autofluorescence images by support vector machines

Spectral analysis of the autofluorescence images of isolated cardiac cells was performed to evaluate and to classify the metabolic state of the cells in respect to the responses to metabolic modulators. The classification was done using machine learning approach based on support vector machine with the set of the automatically calculated features from recorded spectral profile of spectral autofluorescence images. This classification method was compared with the classical approach where the individual spectral components contributing to cell autofluorescence were estimated by spectral analysis, namely by blind source separation using non-negative matrix factorization. Comparison of both methods showed that machine learning can effectively classify the spectrally resolved autofluorescence images without the need of detailed knowledge about the sources of autofluorescence and their spectral properties.
Simulator for Scheduling Real-Time Systems with Reduced Power Consumption

Optimum resources utilization in computing devices especially power is among the prime areas of research from the very beginning of computer systems. However, its importance in the current era has been significantly increased due to the diverse nature of devices and their real time applications. On the other hand, paradigm is shifting towards sustainable resources that are green/environment friendly (low emission) in nature and produce relatively low energy/power. Real time systems (RTS) are relatively power-hungry due to their time constrained nature. So, there is room to investigate the scheduling algorithms (schedulers) with minimum (low) power consumption. On the other hand simulators are the software that mimic the real time environment for various parameter testing without actual implementation that could be costly as well as complex to build in the beginning. In this study, we are intended to develop a simulator for scheduling Real-Time Systems (RTS) with Reduced Power Consumptions (RPC). That is potentially an environment where various algorithms can be tested over different case studies to examine their performance pertaining RPC for RTS.
Computing the Casimir force using regularized boundary integral equations

In this paper we use a novel regularization procedure to reduce the calculation of the Casimir force for 2D scalar fields between compact objects to the solution of a classical integral equation defined on the boundaries of the objects. The scalar fields are subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions on the object boundaries. We test the integral equation by comparing with what we get for parallel plates, concentric circles and adjacent circles using mode summation and the functional integral method. We show how symmetries in the shapes and configuration of boundaries can easily be incorporated into our method and that it leads to fast evaluation of the Casimir force for symmetric situations.