Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time and humanity on psychiatric wards

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Success Probability of Exploration: a Concrete Analysis of Learning Efficiency

Exploration has been a crucial part of reinforcement learning, yet several important questions concerning exploration efficiency are still not answered satisfactorily by existing analytical frameworks. These questions include exploration parameter setting, situation analysis, and hardness of MDPs, all of which are unavoidable for practitioners. To bridge the gap between the theory and practice, we propose a new analytical framework called the success probability of exploration. We show that those important questions of exploration above can all be answered under our framework, and the answers provided by our framework meet the needs of practitioners better than the existing ones. More importantly, we introduce a concrete and practical approach to evaluating the success probabilities in certain MDPs without the need of actually running the learning algorithm. We then provide empirical results to verify our approach, and demonstrate how the success probability of exploration can be used to analyse and predict the behaviours and possible outcomes of exploration, which are the keys to the answer of the important questions of exploration.
The Four ‘Knowns’ of Sports Mega‐Events

Abstract This article uses a piece of writing in The Guardian newspaper by the philosopher Slavoj Zizek (’The empty wheelbarrow’, 19 February, p. 23, 2005) about the former US Defence Secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, as a framework by which to reflect critically on major international sporting events, or sports mega‐events. It suggests that it is an academic’s duty to look critically at the assumptions, beliefs and misrepresentations that are often suppressed, or, perhaps more accurately, repressed, about sports mega‐events. The article is based on an analysis of research and writing about sports mega‐events, some of which offer more comprehensive reviews of the literature. It is argued that in their enthusiasm to host and support sports ‘megas’, politicians, senior administrators of sport, corporate leaders and even some academics may often encourage the pretence that we do not know as much as we do about things that actually form the background to them. Information is used from studies of sports mega‐events that have taken place, or are planned, in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America to illustrate the four ‘knowns’, but the main focus is on the ‘unknown knowns’.
A review of customer relationship management system benefits and implementation in small and medium enterprises

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are very common in large companies. However, CRM systems are not very common in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Most SMEs do not implement CRM systems due to several reasons, such as lack of knowledge about CRM or lack of resources or expertise to implement CRM system. SMEs have to start implementing Information Systems (IS) technology into their business operations in order to improve business values and gain more competitive advantage over rivals. CRM system has the potential to help improve the business value and competitive capabilities of SMEs. Most SMEs do not realize the potential and benefits that CRM system can bring, and there are so many options available now for them to implement CRM system. In this paper, the reasons why SMEs do not implement CRM system, the benefits of CRM system to SMEs and the methods to implement CRM system in SMEs will be studied and examined using related works. The contributions are to create more awareness among SMEs about the benefits of implementing CRM system and to give more insight of successful implementation of CRM system in SMEs.
Team Member Shared Mental Models: A Theory and Some Methodological Issues

This paper discusses the hypotheses that shared mental models enhance teamwork skills, and that superior teamwork skills increase the quality of team performance. Methodological problems encountered in the development and evaluation of shared mental models are discussed. These issues include selection of mental models that teammates should share, methods of measuring mental models, training mental models, and validation of the relationships between shared mental models, teamwork skills, and successful team performance.
Initiation of simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro

Exogenously added simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA can be replicated semiconservatively in vitro by a mixture of a soluble extract of HeLa cell nuclei and the cytoplasm from SV40-infected CosI cells. When cloned DNA was used as a template, the clone containing the SV40 origin of DNA replication was active, but a clone lacking the SV40 origin was inactive. The major products of the in vitro reaction were form I and form II SV40 DNAs and a small amount of form III. DNA synthesis in extracts began at or near the in vivo origin of SV40 DNA synthesis and proceeded bidirectionally. The reaction was inhibited by the addition of anti-large T hamster serum, aphidicolin, or RNase but not by ddNTP. Furthermore, this system was partially reconstituted between HeLa nuclear extract and the semipurified SV40 T antigen instead of the CosI cytoplasm. It is clear from these two systems that the proteins containing SV40 T antigen change the nonspecific repair reaction performed by HeLa nuclear extract alone to the specific semiconservative DNA replication reaction. These results show that these in vitro systems closely resemble SV40 DNA replication in vivo and provide an assay that should be useful for the purification and subsequent characterization of viral and cellular proteins involved in DNA replication.
Effect of doxycycline and Lactobacillus probiotics on mRNA expression of ABCC2 in small intestines of chickens

Probiotics and antibiotics are widely used in poultry and may alter drug bioavailability by affecting the expression of intestinal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters. Therefore the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacilli probiotics, administered alone or in combination with doxycycline, on the expression of ABCB1 (gene, encoding P-glycoprotein), ABCC2 (gene, encoding multidrug resistance protein 2, MRP2) and ABCG2 (gene, encoding breast cancer resistance protein) mRNAs in chicken using RT-PCR. Duc one-day-old chicks (n=24) were divided equally in four groups: untreated control, probiotics supplemented group, probiotics plus doxycycline treated chickens and antibiotic administered group. Expression of ABCC2 mRNA was affected by doxycycline or by combination of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis and L. bulgaricus and the antibiotic in the intestines. These results can be used as a basis for further functional studies to prove the beneficial effect on limitation of the absorption of toxins and improvement of efflux of endogenous substances and xenobiotics when the combination of doxycycline and Lactobacillus spp. probiotics are administered to poultry.
Color Flows : A Joint Statistical Model of Color Change

The Problem: In this research, we address the problem of whether two given images are digital photographs of the same scene under different photic parameter settings, or whether they are different physical scenes altogether. To do this, we develop a statistical linear model of color change space, by observing how the colors in static images change under naturally occurring lighting changes. This model describes how colors change jointly under typical (statistically common) photic parameter changes. Then, given a pair of images, we ask whether we can describe the difference between the two images, to within some tolerance, using the statistical color change model. If so, we conclude that the images are probably of the same scene.
Distance Education, Virtual University And Virtual Laboratory: What opportunities for NII in the future?

The development of Internet and of the news Information and Communication Technology tools have boosted the implementation of distance education, virtual university and virtual laboratory all around the world. Nowadays the only constant in education is change and evolution, long life learning is compulsory, and distance education will be a very powerful answer. In relation with that dictates distance open universities are the front-runners but also many classical universities have developed virtual campus where people can without leaving their work, improve their knowledge and students can tailor their program and obtain a degree. Virtual university offers advantages and has some limits that are presented. Progresses in research nowadays are increasingly the result of team of scientists who might be spread around different laboratories in the country or in the world. Moreover, they might have to share exclusive, sophisticated, expensive equipment. The development of a virtual laboratory, laboratory without walls, using all the potential of ICT is quite often the appropriate answer. Different considerations, which are presented, have to be taken into account when establishing a virtual laboratory. Finally, as a case study, what CNRS the French National Scientific Research Center has implemented is described. In each case the specific problems of Developing Countries and UNESCO policy is mentioned. Many possibilities exist for NII in each case if.
Effects of Variation in System Responsiveness on User Performance in Virtual Environments

System responsiveness (SR) is defined as the elapsed time until a system responds to user control. SR fluctuates over time, so it must be described statistically with mean (MSR) and standard deviation (SDSR). In this paper, we examine SR in virtual environments (VEs), outlining its components and methods of experimental measurement and manipulation. Three studies of MSR and SDSR effects on performance of grasp and placement tasks are then presented. The studies used within-subjects designs with 11, 12, and 10 participants, respectively. Results showed that SDSR affected performance only if it was above 82 ms. Placement required more frequent visual feedback and was more sensitive to SR. We infer that VE designers need not tightly control SDSR and may wish to vary SR control based on required visual feedback frequency. These results may be used to improve the human-computer interface in a wide range of interactive graphical applications, including scientific visualization, training, mental health, and entertainment.
The Changing Availability of Grandparents as Carers and its Implications for Childcare Policy in the UK

This article addresses the role of grandparents as providers of childcare for their grandchildren, and the importance of this role in helping the mothers to enter the labour market. Several childcare surveys indicate that grandparents make a very important contribution, which appears to be sustained over time. Demographic modelling shows that the chances of young children having a maternal grandmother under 70 have risen since 1981, although she is now less likely to live nearby. New evidence from the UK Time Use Survey suggests that grandparents' help has an important influence on whether mothers of young children do take employment, especially those with lower earnings potential. This help also enables them to work longer hours and earn more. However, employed older women play a considerably smaller role in childcare for other households than those without jobs. Analysis of childcare trends from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) suggests that help from relatives, of whom the biggest category are known from several other sources to be grandparents, has become an important complement to part-time formal care as pre-school places expanded since the late 1990s. Raising employment rates amongst the over 50s is an established objective of government policy, yet it may conflict with the role of younger grandparents in childcare.
Learning the rules of the ‘student game’: transforming the ‘student habitus’ through [im]mobility

In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged concerning the mobilities of students, specifically relating to the interactions between local and non-local students, which can accentuate unequal access to education; social interactions and learner outcomes. Central to much of this literature is a sense that being mobile in institutional choice is the most appropriate and expected approach to successful university life. Conversely, local students, disadvantaged by their age, history, external commitments and immobility, are thought to be unlikely to share the same ‘student experiences’ as their traditional counterparts, leading to feelings of alienation within the student community. This paper will seek to problematise this binary by examining the experiences of a group of local and non-local students studying at the University of Portsmouth using Bourdieu's reading of habitus and capital. This is useful as it provides a more critical insight into how students’ [dis]advantaged learner identities are [re]produced through their everyday sociability. Moreover, these findings extend previous discussions of first year transitions by questioning the influence of accommodation upon the formation of identities and the initial experiences of ‘being’, or ‘becoming’ students. This paper also seeks to extend previous theoretical tendencies that privilege identity formation through mobility rather than stasis.
A Network of Regulations by Small Non-Coding RNAs: The P-TEFb Kinase in Development and Pathology

Part of the heterodimeric P-TEF-b element of the Pol II transcription machinery, the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 plays a critical role in gene expression. Phosphorylation of several residues in the polymerase is required for elongation of transcript. It determines the rates of transcription and thus, plays a critical role in several differentiation pathways, best documented in heart development. The synthesis and activity of the protein are tightly regulated in a coordinated manner by at least three non-coding RNAs. First, its kinase activity is reversibly inhibited by formation of a complex with the 334 nt 7SK RNA, from which it is released under conditions of stress. Then, heart development requires a maximal rate of synthesis during cardiomyocyte differentiation, followed by a decrease in the differentiated state. The latter is insured by microRNA-mediated translational inhibition. In a third mode of RNA control, increased levels of transcription are induced by small non-coding RNA molecules with sequences homologous to the transcript. Designated paramutation, this epigenetic variation, stable during development, and hereditarily transmitted in a non-Mendelian manner over several generations, is thought to be a response to the inactivation of one of the two alleles by an abnormal recombination event such as insertion of a transposon.
Data filtering techniques for manifold flattening anchorless localization

Anchorless localization, in which nodes in a wireless network are located without the use of reference nodes, is valuable for applications such as public safety where rapid setup is required. The distances between nodes form a Euclidean distance matrix (EDM), and as distance is not directly measured between all pairs of nodes the EDM needs to be completed by inferring the unknown values. Manifold flattening (MF) is a recently presented technique for EDM completion which has been shown to be effective for anchorless localization. In the bottom-up process of EDM completion, increasingly larger streams of pair values are generated for inferring the missing ranges. In this paper we present a new algorithm for filtering the data streams that leads to an EDM completion algorithm with reduced error compared to the original MF algorithm. Through simulation we demonstrate that this leads to improved performance for anchorless localization.
Extracellular Determinants of Anion Discrimination of the Cl−/H+ Antiporter Protein CLC-5*

Background: The mechanism of anion selectivity of Cl− transporting CLC proteins is not fully understood. Results: Mutational analysis of the extracellularly exposed CLC-5 residue Lys210 indicates its essential role in anion discrimination. Conclusion: A positive charge at position 210 is crucial to confer NO3− over Cl− preference in coupled anion/proton transport. Significance: These findings suggest a novel mechanism responsible for anion discrimination in CLC proteins. Mammalian CLC proteins comprise both Cl− channels and Cl−/H+ antiporters that carry out fundamental physiological tasks by transporting Cl− across plasma membrane and intracellular compartments. The NO3− over Cl− preference of a plant CLC transporter has been pinpointed to a conserved serine residue located at Scen and it is generally assumed that the other two binding sites of CLCs, Sext and Sin, do not substantially contribute to anion selectivity. Here we show for the Cl−/H+ antiporter CLC-5 that the conserved and extracellularly exposed Lys210 residue is critical to determine the anion specificity for transport activity. In particular, mutations that neutralize or invert the charge at this position reverse the NO3− over Cl− preference of WT CLC-5 at a concentration of 100 mm, but do not modify the coupling stoichiometry with H+. The importance of the electrical charge is shown by chemical modification of K210C with positively charged cysteine-reactive compounds that reintroduce the WT preference for Cl−. At saturating extracellular anion concentrations, neutralization of Lys210 is of little impact on the anion preference, suggesting an important role of Lys210 on the association rate of extracellular anions to Sext.
Intrinsic Need Satisfaction: A Motivational Basis of Performance and Weil‐Being in Two Work Settings1

Studies in 2 work organizations tested a self-determination theory based model in which employees’ autonomous causality orientation and their perceptions of their managers’ autonomy support independently predicted satisfaction of the employees’ intrinsic needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness, which in turn predicted their performance evaluations and psychological adjustment. Path analysis indicated that the self-determination theory model fit the data very well and that alternative models did not provide any advantage.
Phylogenetic and Genotyping of Hepatitis C Virus in Egypt

Objective: Genotyping is considered an important tool for epidemiological and clinical studies. The biological differences between genotypes make genotyping important for decision-making regarding disease management and therapeutic intervention. Methods: This study has established a simple and accurate in house system for HCV core gene typing. The data were confirmed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The method used, originally developed by another laboratory, is advantageous over the other methods by efficiently typing most of the subtypes in two multiplex PCR reactions. Besides, it could identify mixed infections. Results and conclusions: The method also showed a sensitivity of (100%) in detecting type 4, the most prevalent genotype in Egypt, as genotype-4 was detected in this study in 283 cases out of 300 (94.3%). Sequencing data from the core gene have been utilized for phylogenetic analyses and demonstrated genetic relevance to HCV types 1 and 2 , prevalent in (Europe and USA) but not to genotypes of other populations.
Parallelization of time series forecasting model

We show a parallel neural network (cross-over prediction model) for time series statistical learning implemented in PVM ("parallel virtual machine") and MPI ("message passing interface"), in order to reduce computational time. Parallelization is achieved in two ways: updating autoregressive parameters via a genetic algorithm and evaluating the overall prediction function via a parallel neural network. PVM permits an heterogeneous collection of Unix computers networked together to be viewed by our program as a simple parallel computer. We show different architectures of parallel processors systems and discuss its computing model.
Modos de afrontamiento de estrés laboral en una muestra de docentesuniversitarios

This present study seeks to check whether the previous variables (demographic, social and motivational) which have been applied in the large amount of research carried out into teacher stress and burnout could also be associated with the various ways of dealing with work-related stress, and if so, to establish the predicting variables and the percentage of related variance. In order to investigate this we worked with a sample of 258 lecturers from the Universidad de Extremadura using a sociodemographic, work- based and motivational questionnaire formulated by our team of researchers, together with the scale of techniques for combating stress found in Carver et al. (1989) With all the groups of variables we carried out a descriptive and inductive statistical study which we complemented by various analyses of multiple regression using the stepwise method with an acceptability level of 95%. The results which were obtained show that, on the whole, the sociodemographic predictors (sex, age and parenthood) account for 15.5% of the ways of dealing with stress; the work-related factors (teaching status, location and years of experience) account for 8% and finally the motivational factors (unsuitability, causes of BLT and number of BLT) account for 2.5% of the differences in the ways of dealing with stress. PALABRAS CLAVE
Human performance and retrieval precision revisited

Several studies have found that the Cranfield approach to evaluation can report significant performance differences between retrieval systems for which little to no performance difference is found for humans completing tasks with these systems. We revisit the relationship between precision and performance by measuring human performance on tightly controlled search tasks and with user interfaces offering limited interaction. We find that human performance and retrieval precision are strongly related. We also find that users change their relevance judging behavior based on the precision of the results. This change in behavior coupled with the well-known lack of perfect inter-assessor agreement can reduce the measured performance gains predicted by increased precision.