Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meaningful models for information access systems

Study of semantics has the general goal of modeling human linguistic competence as a theory, probing the constraints and limitations of language as a system of expression and representation, and of providing language engineering applications with a model of meaning, appropriate to its tasks. In general, there is no need to design a semantic model intended for practical processing to be neurologically or psychologically plausible but since human performance is impressive in certain respects there certainly is reason to investigate it to find if it can provide inspiration, examples, or constraints for implementations. Human information processing is efficient and effortless. The human information processor is flexible, dynamic, ever learning, does not stumble at inconsistencies, and does not require formal or explicit instruction. What sort of demands would we want to pose on a model of meaning, from the standpoint of language engineering for information access? Some specific requirements are at the forefront for information access analysis. Information access involves matching brief or even incomplete expressions of information need to relatively more verbose documents and items of information. The documents are not necessarily formulated for ease of retrieval in mind. For this class of tasks, models that are based on dynamically observed data
Classes = Traits + States + Glue (Beyond mixins and multiple inheritance)

We present a simple, component-based model of mixins, called traits, and argue that this simple model sidesteps many of the practical problems with other approaches to mixins and multiple inheritance. With our model, classes are built from a set of traits by specifying glue code that connects them together and accesses the necessary state. We briefly discuss practical experience with an implementation of traits for Squeak, and we list a number of open questions for discussion.
The Experience of Untapped Potential: Towards a Subjective Temporal Understanding of Work Meaningfulness

In this paper, we propose that untapped potential acts as a subjective temporal meaning‐making mechanism. Using a two‐wave survey design, we examine the relationship between job characteristics, untapped potential, and work meaningfulness in a heterogeneous sample of 542 employees. We found that employees’ perceived amount of untapped potential mediates the effects of skill variety, autonomy, and job feedback on work meaningfulness. This mediated relationship was moderated by the valence employees attributed to their untapped potential. Moreover, decreases in the perceived amount of untapped potential over time were related to increases in perceived work meaningfulness. Our research shows that work that allows employees to move beyond the here‐and‐now by providing opportunities to realize future work selves is experienced as particularly meaningful. We conclude that, if we wish to understand what makes work meaningful for employees in the present, we need to know how it aligns with their self‐perceptions in the future.
Formalising Multi-Agent Organisations

Agent oriented software engineering is seen as the approach taken object oriented approaches one step ahead. The design of agent systems is based on three fundamental perspectives: the functional, the interactional and the organisational perspective. The organisation perspective becomes a central design issue if the number of agents is large or the environment is unstable. While the functional perspective is well founded in the planning theory of artificial intelligence and the interaction perspective is rooted in the theory of speech-acts and formal ontologies, the organisational perspective is still an active research area with several open questions. In this paper we define a formal organisation model for agent systems based on Petri nets and show how agent oriented software engineering can benefit from this model.
THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM

We consider stochastic dynamics whose expected (average) vector field is not necessarily continuous. We generalize the ordinary differential equation method for analyzing stochastic processes to this case, by introducing leading functions that “lead” the stochastic process across the discontinuities, which yields approximation results for the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic dynamic. We then apply the approximation results to the classical best-response dynamics used in game theory.
When far becomes near: Shared environments activate action simulation

It has been proposed that one means of understanding a person's current behaviour and predicting future actions is by simulating their actions. That is, when another person's actions are observed, similar motor processes are activated in the observer. For example, after observing a reach over an obstacle, a person's subsequent reach trajectory is more curved, reflecting motor priming. Importantly, such motor states are only activated if the observed action is in near (peripersonal) space. However, we demonstrate that when individuals share action environments, simulation of another person's obstacle avoiding reach path takes place even when the action is in far (extrapersonal) space. We propose that action simulation is influenced by factors such as ownership. When an “owned” object is a potential future obstacle, even when it is viewed beyond current action space, simulations are evoked, and these leave a more stable memory capable of influencing future behaviour.
Weighted Sub-block Mean-Shift Tracking with Improved Level Set Target Extraction

Mean-shift tracking algorithm is a widely-used tool for efficiently tracking target. However, the background change and shade usually lead to tracking errors and low tracking accuracy. In this paper, we introduce a novel mean-shift tracking algorithm based on weighted sub-block which incorporates the improved level set target extraction. The weight of each sub-block is determined by the similarity of target and candidate sub-blocks, and by the ratio of the target sub-block and overall areas. The target sub-block area is calculated by the means of the narrow band level set combined with a compromise to improve extraction accuracy and operating efficiency. Both of RGB color information in the target region and the pixel's position information are taken into consideration while describing the feature model of target and candidate region inside each sub-block. Experimental results demonstrate the method's success for tracking of targets with background change and shade during the dynamic scene, where the basic mean-shift tracking algorithm fails. The proposed method has better tracking performance with higher tracking accuracy and adaptability.
The Economics of Single Parenthood:: Past Research and Future Directions

An increasing proportion of children in the United States are residing with a single parent. The economic status of single-parent situations is therefore of great importance. This paper reviews the literature on the economics of single parenthood. Re- search on the economics of becoming a single parent is first re- viewed. Studies on the income, expenditures, and assets and liabili- ties of single-parent situations are then addressed. Possible future research directions are discussed in the final section.
Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Negative Feedback Inhibition: Enhanced Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Signaling despite Lower Cytoplasmic GR Expression

Chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC), a pre-clinically validated mouse model for chronic psychosocial stress, results in increased basal and acute stress-induced plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. We assessed CSC effects on hippocampal glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and FK506 binding protein (FKBP51) expression, acute heterotypic stressor-induced GR translocation, as well as GC effects on gene expression and cell viability in isolated hippocampal cells. CSC mice showed decreased GR mRNA and cytoplasmic protein levels compared with single-housed control (SHC) mice. Basal and acute stress-induced nuclear GR protein expression were comparable between CSC and SHC mice, as were MR and FKBP51 mRNA and/or cytoplasmic protein levels. In vitro the effect of corticosterone (CORT) on hippocampal cell viability and gene transcription was more pronounced in CSC versus SHC mice. In summary, CSC mice show an, if at all, increased hippocampal GC signaling capacity despite lower cytoplasmic GR protein expression, making negative feedback deficits in the hippocampus unlikely to contribute to the increased ACTH drive following CSC.
Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis - a review of 5 cases.

INTRODUCTION Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is an uncommon and under-recognised syndrome that clinicians may not consider in a patient presenting with anaphylaxis. CLINICAL PICTURE We describe here 5 patients aged 9 to 20 years old who presented at a local tertiary hospital over a 2-year period from August 2006 to July 2008. All presented with urticaria, 4 were hypotensive, 2 had angioedema and another 2 had dyspnoea. The symptoms occurred between 15 and 150 minutes (mean, 81) after exercising and consuming various food. All had consumed shellfish. All patients were admitted with the diagnosis of anaphylaxis of undefined aetiology. Diagnosis of FDEIA was only reached upon referral to an allergist. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Patients were treated with standard medicines for anaphylaxis including adrenaline, antihistamines, steroids and fluid flushes. Symptoms resolved in 2 to 3 days with no further episodes. At discharge, patients were prescribed epinephrine auto-injectors and given written anaphylaxis management plans. CONCLUSIONS More public awareness and strategies to ensure accurate diagnosis and management of this condition are necessary.
Computing Convolution on Grammar-Compressed Text

The convolution between a text string S of length N and a pattern string P of length m can be computed in O(N log m) time by FFT. It is known that various types of approximate string matching problems are reducible to convolution. In this paper, we assume that the input text string is given in a compressed form, as a straight-line program (SLP), which is a context free grammar in the Chomsky normal form that derives a single string. Given an SLP S of size n describing a text S of length N, and an uncompressed pattern P of length m, we present a simple O(nm log m)-time algorithm to compute the convolution between S and P. We then show that this can be improved to O(min{nm, N - α} log m) time, where α ≥ 0 is a value that represents the amount of redundancy that the SLP captures with respect to the length-m substrings. The key of the improvement is our new algorithm that computes the convolution between a trie of size r and a pattern string P of length m in O(r log m) time.
Use of IDEF-SIM to document simulation models

The technique of conceptual modeling IDEF-SIM uses the syntax of IDEFØ and IDEF3 adapted to the peculiarities of the simulation models. It allows the state variables and the logical elements of a discrete system to be abstracted and ordered with most representativeness. However, it is essential to establish additional measures that enhance the process of collecting and authenticating relevant data. This context has motivated this research, which suggests a model documentary that, when associated with the methodology IDEF-SIM, allows recording the details of a dynamic system in an objective and standardized way. We carried a study on a seaport, allowing verifying that the system was translated with greater speed and detail. In this sense, we concluded that the record out in detail increased efficiency in the generation of knowledge about the particularities of the system, regardless of the complexity of the problem and the computer language adopted.
Distributed Approach of Intrusion Detection System : Survey

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are now becoming one of burning issue for any organization’s network. Intruders always search for vulnerabilities or flaws in target system and attack using different techniques. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is needed to detect and respond effectively whenever the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer resources are under attack. Today, number of open sources and commercial Intrusion Detection Systems are available to match organization’s requirements but the performance of these Intrusion Detection Systems is still the main concern. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance and applicability of the well knows IDS system based on mobile agent with their pros and cons. Mobile agent is efficient way to find out the intruder in distributed system. The main features of mobile agents are intelligence and mobility which is the core motivation to us to designed cost. The aim of this review work is to help to select appropriate IDS systems as per their requirement and application.
Explorer Executive deficits , not processing speed relates to abnormalities in distinct prefrontal tracts in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Executive deficits, not processing speed relates to abnormalities in distinct prefrontal tracts in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Executive Deficits in ALS 3 Summary Cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by deficits on tests of executive functions, however, the contribution of abnormal processing speed is unknown. Previous methodology is confounded by tasks which depend on motor speed in patients with physical disability. Structural and functional MRI studies have revealed multi‐system cerebral involvement, with evidence of reduced white matter volume and integrity in predominant frontotemporal regions. The current study has two aims. Firstly, to investigate whether cognitive impairments in ALS are due to executive dysfunction or slowed processing speed using methodology which accommodates motor disability. This is achieved using a dual task paradigm and tasks which manipulate stimulus presentation times that do not rely on response motor speed. Secondly, to identify relationships between specific cognitive impairments and the integrity of distinct white matter tracts. Thirty ALS patients and thirty age‐ and education‐matched controls were administered an experimental dual task procedure which combined a visual inspection time task and digit recall. In addition, measures of executive functions (including letter fluency) and processing speed (visual inspection time and rapid serial letter identification) were administered. Integrity of white matter tracts was determined using region‐of‐interest analyses of diffusion tensor MRI data. ALS patients did not show impairments on either tests of processing speed, but executive deficits were revealed once visual inspection time was combined with digit recall (dual task) and letter fluency. In addition to the corticospinal tracts, significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (D) were found between groups in a number of prefrontal and temporal white matter tracts including the anterior cingulate, anterior thalamic radiation, uncinate fasciculus and hippocampal portion of the cingulum bundles. Significant differences also emerged in the anterior …
Low-Mass Protoplanet Migration in T Tauri α-Disks

We present detailed estimates of type I-migration rates for low-mass protoplanets embedded in steady state T Tauri α-disks, based on Lindblad torque calculations ignoring feedback on the disk. Differences in migration rates for several plausible background disk models are explored and we compare results obtained using the standard two-dimensional formalism of spiral density wave theory with those obtained from a simple treatment of three-dimensional effects. Opacity transitions in the disk result in sudden radial variations of the migration rates. Regions with minimal migration rates may be preferred sites of gravitational interactions between protoplanets. Three-dimensional torques are significantly weaker than two-dimensional ones, and they are sensitive to the surface density profile of the background disk. We find that migration times in excess of runaway-envelope-accretion times or T Tauri disk lifetimes are possible for Earth-mass protoplanets in some background disk models, even at sub-AU distances. We conclude that an understanding of the background disk structure and viscosity, as well as a proper treatment of three-dimensional effects in torque calculations, is necessary to obtain reliable estimates of type I-migration rates.
Stability and toxicity of empty or gene-loaded lipopolysaccharide-amine nanopolymersomes

Successful in vivo gene delivery mediated by nonviral vectors requires efficient extracellular and intracellular gene delivery, but few studies have given attention to the former. That is why numerous gene delivery systems have succeeded in vitro, while the expected clinical success has not come about. To realize efficient extracellular gene delivery, the stability of vectors and/or their complexes with genes in body fluids is first required, which prevents loaded genes from premature unloading and degradation. Furthermore, the storage stability of vectors under common conditions is important for their widespread applications. Lipopolysaccharide-amine nanopolymersomes (NPs), a gene vector developed by our group recently, have higher than 95% in vitro transfection efficiency in mesenchymal stem cells when delivering pEGFP, and induce significant angiogenesis in zebrafish when delivering plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor deoxyribonucleic acid (pVEGF). To reveal their extracellular delivery ability and storage stability, in this study their stability in various simulant physiological environments and storage conditions was systematically studied by monitoring their changes in disassembly, size, zeta potential, and transfection efficiency. Additionally, damage to the mitochondria of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated. Results show that NPs and plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA)-loaded NPs (pNPs) have acceptable stability against dilution, anions, salts, pH, enzyme, and serum, presumably assuring their efficient extracellular delivery in vivo. Moreover, both the lyophilized NPs at room temperature and NP/pNP solution at 4°C have high storage stability, and pNPs show low damage to the mitochondria. The acceptable stability of NPs combined with compatibility and efficient gene transfection highlight their huge potential in the clinic as a gene delivery vector.
Towards an optimal ontology construction

A subject of ontology, its usage, building and evaluation has been becoming one of the most popular research topics for the last ten years. Such a strong interest to this issue can be explained by great expectations that scientists relate to a widespread ontology’s usage. Following by Uschold [46] we can emphasize 3 main ontology’s purposes: 1. Intelligent communication between different domains. 2. Interoperability among systems and tools. 3. Benefits for knowledge engineering that imply knowledge reuse, reliability, specification, reasoning, new knowledge generation, etc. The present work aims at focusing on problems of ontology learning. Basically, it tries to solve 2 kinds of problems related to this issue: 1. Problem of term’s recognition. Some scientific domains as biological molecular domain are characterized by long descriptive entities. The problem becomes complicated by a quick appearance of new terms and a lack of naming convention. Therefore, simple and well-known methods of term’s extraction based on term weighting and terms’ cooccurrence do not work in such conditions. 2. Concepts retrieval on a given granularity level. Different tasks require an ontology built for distint granularity levels. For example, ontology in physics domain used for describing student’s education literature needs more general set of concepts than an ontology representing last scientific achievements. Therefore, there is a need to be able to change ontology level of granularity depending on a necesity of a task. In order to solve the last problem we apply an Inductive method of model selforganization (IMMSO) that is used to search a model of optimal complexity. We elaborate on an artificial example the limits of this method by changing the parameters of initial data. IMMSO is quite a new tool in Computational Linguistic (CL), its previous applications are rather scarce. In our point of view it is a very interesting and useful method and can be adopted on a variety of CL tasks. For instance, in this work we also demonstrate its successfull application for dialogue processing.
Effect of prenatal cocaine on early postnatal thermoregulation and ultrasonic vocalization production

Prenatal cocaine exposure can alter the postnatal care received by rat pups. Such effects could be caused in part by alterations in pup-produced stimuli that elicit early postnatal maternal care. Pup ultrasonic vocalizations are thought to be a particularly salient stimulus, and when paired with other cues, may elicit maternal attention. Cocaine is known to acutely alter thermoregulatory and cardiac function, thus prenatal cocaine may affect vocalizations through altering these functions. The data presented here determine the impact of full term prenatal cocaine exposure, saline exposure, or no exposure on thermogenic capacity, cardiac function, and the resulting ultrasonic vocalizations across the early postnatal period (days 1–5). Results indicated that while sharing many similar characteristics with saline-exposed and untreated animals, prenatal cocaine exposure was associated with specific alterations in vocalization characteristics on postnatal day 1 (PND 1), including call amplitude. Furthermore, numerous spectral parameters of their vocalizations were found altered on PND 3, including rate, call duration, and frequency, while no alterations were found on PND 5. Additionally, cocaine-exposed pups also showed a reduced thermoregulatory capacity compared to saline animals and reduced cardiac mass compared to untreated animals on PND 5. Together, these findings indicate that prenatal cocaine may be altering the elicitation of maternal care through its impact on vocalizations and thermoregulation, and suggests a potential mechanism for these effects through cocaine's impact on developing stress systems.
Latent Semantic Kernels for WordNet: Transforming a Tree-Like Structure into a Matrix

WordNet is one of the most widely used linguistic resources in the computational linguistics society. However, many applications using the WordNet hierarchical structure are suffering from the word sense disambiguation (WSD) caused by its polysemy. In order to solve the problem, we propose a matrix representing the WordNet hierarchical structure. Firstly, we transform a term as a vector with elements of each corresponding to a synset of WordNet. Then, with singular value decomposition (SVD), we reduce the dimension size of the vector to represent the latent semantic structure. For evaluation, we implement an automatic assessment system for short essays and acquire reliable accuracy. As a result, the scores which are assessed by the automatic assessment system are significantly correlated with those of human assessors. The new WordNet is expected to be easily combined with other matrix-based approaches.