Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Terrain Features in a Terrain Model from Laser Radar Data

A laser radar can be used to generate 3D data about the terrain in a very high resolution. The development of new support technologies to analyze these data is critical to the effective and efficient use of these data in decision support systems, due to the large amounts of data that are generated. Adequate technology in this regard is currently not available and development of new methods and algorithms to this end are important goals of this work. A semi-qualitative data structure for terrain surface modelling has been developed. A categorization and triangulation process has also been developed to substitute the high resolution 3D model for this data structure. The qualitative part of the structure can be used for detection and recognition of terrain features. The quantitative part of the structure is, together with the qualitative part, used for visualization of the terrain surface. Substituting the 3D model for the semi-qualitative structures means that a data reduction is performed. A number of algorithms for detection and recognition of different terrain objects have been developed. The algorithms use the qualitative part of the previously developed semi-qualitative data structure as input. The taken approach is based on matching of symbols and syntactic pattern recognition. Results regarding the accuracy of the implemented algorithms for detection and recognition of terrain objects are visualized. A further important goal has been to develop a methodology for determining driveability using 3D-data and other geographic data. These data must be fused with vehicle data to determine the properties of the terrain context of our operations with respect to driveability. This fusion process is therefore called context fusion. The recognized terrain objects are used together with map data in this method. The uncertainty associated with the imprecision of the data has been taken into account as well.
Exploiting Dynamic Resource Allocation for Parallel Data Processing in Cloud Computing Environment

The dynamic resource allocation in cloud computing has attracted attention of the research community in the last few years. Many researchers around the world have come up with new ways of facing this challenge. Number of Cloud provider companies has started to include frameworks for parallel data processing in their product which making it easy for customers to access these services and to deploy their programs. The processing frameworks which are currently used have been designed for static and homogeneous cluster setups. So the allocated resources may be inadequate for large parts of the submitted tasks and unnecessarily increase processing cost and time. Again due to opaque nature of cloud, static allocation of resources is possible, but vice-versa in dynamic situations. The proposed new Generic data processing framework is intended to explicitly exploit the dynamic resource allocation in cloud for task scheduling and execution. Experimental result shows that our approach outperforms existing scenario. The performance gain over existing system i.e. Nephele by proposed approach is found average 45% in terms of execution time of number of tasks.
TCP Performance over Satellite Links

Over the past few years, we have reported on the performance issues faced by TCP/IP based applications on satellite links. Performance is limited by the delay inherent in geosynchronous systems and the probability of bit errors found in any wireless system, including satellite systems. These limitations are becoming more important as new satellite systems o er much higher data transmission rates than those available in the past. While high e ciency on fast satellite links may eventually require new protocol modi cations, our previous studies indicate that full link utilization may be achievable using the TCP performance enhancements that have already been approved or that are currently in the standards process. Of particular interest in the satellite environment are performance enhancements for scaled windows and timestamps (RFC 1323), fast retransmit and recovery (RFC 2001), and selective acknowledgement (RFC 2018). The paper describes each of these performance enhancements and explains how they can increase TCP's performance over satellite links. We present the results of a comprehensive performance study of these TCP protocol enhancements in the satellite environment over error free links. We show results over networks both with and without congestion loss. Finally, we examine TCP's performance on realistic satellite links with a non-zero probability of bit errors, where the e ectiveness of selective acknowledgments is examined and compared to the performance of traditional TCP implementations.
An Access Rights Administration Model in Role-Based Security Systems

Access control is a difficult security problem for an information system. RBAC model is a well known and recognized as a good security model for it. Though RBAC is a good model, administration of RBAC including building and maintaining access control information remains a difficult problem in large companies. A Hierarchy Role Tree(HRT)-based administration model of RBAC in an enterprise environment is proposed. This HRT-based administration method allows security administrators to manage access control by a tree structure called HRT which reflects their relationship within their organization. It helps to build a team collaboration in RBAC administration between administrator and sub- administrators. Moreover, by the new model, system can express DSD by a tree-based data structure, and this will greatly reduce the system complex in running time.
Real-time Adaptive Multi-Classifier Multi-Resolution Visual Tracking Framework for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This paper presents a novel robust visual tracking framework, based on discriminative method, for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to track an arbitrary 2D/3D target at real-time frame rates, that is called the Adaptive Multi-Classifier Multi-Resolution (AMCMR) framework. In this framework, adaptive Multiple Classifiers (MC) are updated in the (k-1)th frame-based Multiple Resolutions (MR) structure with compressed positive and negative samples, and then applied them in the kth frame-based Multiple Resolutions (MR) structure to detect the current target. The sample importance has been integrated into this framework to improve the tracking stability and accuracy. The performance of this framework was evaluated with the Ground Truth (GT) in different types of public image databases and real flight-based aerial image datasets firstly, then the framework has been applied in the UAV to inspect the Offshore Floating Platform (OFP). The evaluation and application results show that this framework is more robust, efficient and accurate against the existing state-of-art trackers, overcoming the problems generated by the challenging situations such as obvious appearance change, variant illumination, partial/full target occlusion, blur motion, rapid pose variation and onboard mechanical vibration, among others. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to present this framework for solving the online learning and tracking freewill 2D/3D target problems, and applied it in the UAVs.
Reported Sports Participation, Race, Sex, Ethnicity, and Obesity in US Adolescents From NHANES Physical Activity (PAQ_D)

Objective. To understand the relationships between participation in different types of leisure time sport activity and adolescent obesity, and how those relationships might differ based on race, gender, and household income. Methods. Data consisted of 6667 students that took part in the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The authors used adjusted Wald tests to examine differences in the prevalence of obesity (body mass index >95th percentile for age and sex) by sport for boys and girls separately. Results. Among adolescent youth age 12 to 19 years, 16.6% of male leisure time sport participants and 15.3% of female sport participants were obese, compared with 23.6% for male nonathlete participant-in-other-activities and 17.0% obesity rate for female nonathlete/participant-in-other-activities. For both males and females, reported participation in leisure time sports decreased between middle school and high school, and this reduction was associated with higher body mass index.
A Review on Biodentine, a Contemporary Dentine Replacement and Repair Material

Biodentine is a calcium-silicate based material that has drawn attention in recent years and has been advocated to be used in various clinical applications, such as root perforations, apexification, resorptions, retrograde fillings, pulp capping procedures, and dentine replacement. There has been considerable research performed on this material since its launching; however, there is scarce number of review articles that collates information and data obtained from these studies. Therefore, this review article was prepared to provide the reader with a general picture regarding the findings about various characteristics of the material. The results of a PubMed search were classified and presented along with some critical comments where necessary. The review initially focuses on various physical properties of the material with subheadings and continues with biocompatibility. Another section includes the review of studies on Biodentine as a vital pulp treatment material and the article is finalized with the summary of some case reports where the material has been used.
A New Fusion Algorithm for MRI and Color Images Based on Mutual Information in Wavelet Domain

A new fusion algorithm for MRI and color images based on calculating mutual information in wavelet domain has been proposed. Usually mutual information in an image fusion algorithm is calculated in time/space domain. The new algorithm calculates mutual information in wavelet domain based on the local properties of wavelet transformation, which will be used as criterion to select fusion strategies. The fusion strategies will be chosen not only depending on their frequencies characters but also depending on mutual information values. The new algorithm will not only get better fusion results but will also reduce processing time by avoiding inverse transform to gettime/space domain images repeatedly when changing fusion parameters in wavelet domain would be involved. Testing results have confirmed advantages of the new algorithm.
Quantitative assessment of visual cortex function with fMRI at 7 Tesla—test–retest variability

fMRI-based retinotopic mapping was used to assess systematic variations in activated cortical surface area, amplitude, and coherence across sessions. Seven healthy subjects were scanned at 7 T in three separate sessions with intervals of 51.4 ± 5.4 days (Sessions 1 and 2) and 167.9 ± 24.4 days (Sessions 2 and 3). We found a reduction between Sessions 1 and 2 for activated cortical surface area, between Sessions 1 and 3 for amplitude, and between Sessions 1 and 2/3 for coherence. The results do not support head motion as a major cause of the observed effect seen in Session 1, suggesting that cognitive effects were the underlying cause of change. The phase correlations for both eccentricity and polar angle mapping were highly correlated between sessions, demonstrating the stability of the maps. Furthermore, the sensitivity in determining inter-session changes of cortical surface area, response amplitude, and coherence were, at a 5% significance level, estimated to be 1.5, 6, and 5%, respectively. Any future longitudinal fMRI study should carefully evaluate activation across sessions to determine the eligibility of inclusion of all time points. This experimental design provides guidance in methodological issues of clinical longitudinal fMRI-studies, specifically regarding effects of subject experience.
Epidemiology of Football Injuries in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2004-2005 to 2008-2009

Background: Research has found that injury rates in football are higher in competition than during practice. However, there is little research on the association between injury rates and type of football practices and how these specific rates compare with those in competitions. Purpose: This study utilized data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System (NCAA ISS) to describe men’s collegiate football practice injuries (academic years 2004-2005 to 2008-2009) in 4 event types: competitions, scrimmages, regular practices, and walkthroughs. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Football data during the 2004-2005 to 2008-2009 academic years were analyzed. Annually, an average of 60 men’s football programs provided data (9.7% of all universities sponsoring football). Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (RRs), 95% CIs, and injury proportions were reported. Results: The NCAA ISS captured 18,075 football injuries. Most injuries were reported in regular practices (55.9%), followed by competitions (38.8%), scrimmages (4.4%), and walkthroughs (0.8%). Most AEs were reported in regular practices (77.6%), followed by walkthroughs (11.5%), competitions (8.6%), and scrimmages (2.3%). The highest injury rate was found in competitions (36.94/1000 AEs), followed by scrimmages (15.7/1000 AEs), regular practices (5.9/1000 AEs), and walkthroughs (0.6/1000 AEs). These rates were all significantly different from one another. Distributions of injury location and diagnoses were similar across all 4 event types, with most injuries occurring at the lower extremity (56.0%) and consisting of sprains and strains (50.6%). However, injury mechanisms varied. The proportion of injuries due to player contact was greatest in scrimmages (66.8%), followed by regular practices (48.5%) and walkthroughs (34.9%); in contrast, the proportion of injuries due to noncontact/overuse was greatest in walkthroughs (41.7%), followed by regular practices (35.6%) and scrimmages (21.9%). Conclusion: Injury rates were the highest in competitions but then varied by the type of practice event, with higher practice injury rates reported in scrimmage. In addition, greater proportions of injuries were reported in regular practices, and greater proportions of exposures were reported in regular practices and walkthroughs. Efforts to minimize injury in all types of practice events are essential to mitigating injury incidence related to both contact and noncontact.
Multipath Load Balancing Technique for Congestion Control in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that can communicate without any centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. Because of limited wireless link capabilities, nodes with heavy traffic will reduce their energy rapidly and increases the possibility of congestion and path disconnection. Hence, load balancing and congestion is necessary in MANET. Thus, this paper explores an efficient routing technique called multipath load balancing technique for congestion control (MLBCC) in MANETs to efficiently balance the load among the multiple paths by reducing congestion. The proposed protocol performs two major functions during the data transmission process, firstly, congestion detection by using an arrival rate and an outgoing rate at a particular time interval T. Secondly, selection of gateway node using link cost and the path cost to efficiently distribute the load by selecting the most desirable paths. For an efficient flow of distribution, a node availability degree standard deviation parameter is introduced. The results of our experiments show performance improvements in terms of average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and packet drop ratio in comparison with AOMDV and FMLB.
A thermally-stable sub-0.9nm EOT TaSix/HfSiON gate stack with high electron mobility, suitable for gate-first fabrciation of hp45 LOP devices

We have realized a 0.9nm-EOT TaSix/HfSiON gate stack that exhibits the high electron mobility of 264 cm2/Vs @ 0.8MV/cm (86% of thermal SiO2), even after spike annealing at 1000degC. This was achieved by using thermally-stable HfSiON gate dielectrics with plasma nitridation, in which interfacial layer growth due to recoiled oxygen had been successfully suppressed
Class compactness for data clustering

In this paper we introduce a compactness based clustering algorithm. The compactness of a data class is measured by comparing the inter-subset and intra-subset distances. The class compactness of a subset is defined as the ratio of the two distances. A subset is called an isolated cluster (or icluster) if its class compactness is greater than 1. All iclusters make a containment tree. We introduce monotonic sequences of iclusters to simplify the structure of the icluster tree, based on which a clustering algorithm is designed. The algorithm has the following advantages: it is effective on data sets with clusters nonlinearly separated, of arbitrary shapes, or of different densities. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by experiments.
Giant Chromospheric Anemone Jet Observed with Hinode and Comparison with Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations: Evidence of Propagating Alfvén Waves and Magnetic Reconnection

Hinode discovered a beautiful giant jet with both cool and hot components at the solar limb on 2007 February 9. Simultaneous observations by the Hinode SOT, XRT, and TRACE 195 Å satellites revealed that hot (~5 × 106 K) and cool (~104 K) jets were located side by side and that the hot jet preceded the associated cool jet (~1-2 minutes). A current-sheet-like structure was seen in optical (Ca II H), EUV (195 Å), and soft X-ray emissions, suggesting that magnetic reconnection is occurring in the transition region or upper chromosphere. Alfvén waves were also observed with Hinode SOT. These propagated along the jet at velocities of ~200 km s−1 with amplitudes (transverse velocity) of ~5-15 km s−1 and a period of ~200 s. We performed two-dimensional MHD simulation of the jets on the basis of the emerging flux-reconnection model, by extending Yokoyama and Shibata’s model. We extended the model with a more realistic initial condition (~106 K corona) and compared our model with multiwavelength observations. The improvement of the coronal temperature and density in the simulation model allowed for the first time the reproduction of the structure and evolution of both the cool and hot jets quantitatively, supporting the magnetic reconnection model. The generation and the propagation of Alfvén waves are also reproduced self-consistently in the simulation model.
A Web-based ITS for OO Design

Learning object-oriented design and programming is a challenging task for many beginning students. CIMEL ITS coordinates student learning in two client programs: web-based multimedia courseware (CIMEL) and the Eclipse IDE, each of which post student interactions to a server-based CIMEL ITS. The Expert Evaluator analyzes student work in Eclipse, comparing novice with expert solutions. The Student Model combines knowledge from the expert evaluator and the multimedia. Finally, the Pedagogical Agent, guided by updates from the student model as well as a learning styles inventory, interacts with the learner by selecting from several tutorial strategies. All three components share knowledge from a Curriculum Information Network, which represents a new “design-first” introduction to software development in Java.
Nurse Shift Report: Who Says You Can't Talk in Front of the Patient?

Bedside nurse shift report is a process where nurses provide shift-to-shift report at the patient's bedside so the patient can be more involved in his or her care. There are many benefits of bedside report, including relationship building between staff members and increased patient satisfaction, to both the patient and to the healthcare team. Concerns about the traditional methods of communication between the various shifts helped drive a nursing unit's decision to move to a more patient-involved model of shift-to-shift report. The change from the traditional taped report between healthcare providers to bedside reporting focused on patients wanting more involvement in their care, activities, and current status. Patients also wanted updates about their health status, their medical plan as well as information about their progress toward their goals. This, coupled with Banner Desert Medical Center's Care Model, embraces patient-centered care, King's Theory of Goal Attainment, and keeps the patient informed. The current nursing shift report did not meet the medical center's model of care on any of these aspects. This article will include information on the benefits of bedside nurse shift-to-shift report, how one unit implemented bedside reporting, and some of the outcomes achieved after implementing this change at a 600-bed urban medical center.
Counting within the Subitizing Range: The Effect of Number of Distractors on the Perception of Subset Items

When exploring the mechanisms involved in perceiving numbers we must distinguish between two types of numbers: subset numbers (e.g., perceiving "2" when two plates and one cup are displayed on a table) and the total number of items (e.g., perceiving "3" objects in the previous example). Combining feature perception theories with number perception theories, the current paper explores the mechanisms involved in the perception of small numbers in feature-defined subsets. The paper introduces several theories for how subset items can be represented and examines an important prediction of those theories: Will the number of distractors affect the perception of small subset items? In two experiments, we found that the response time (RT) for counting small target items that differ from their distractors by a single feature was faster when there were few distractors compared to many distractors. This was found for different types of distractors: distractors within and outside the subitizing range. Only when distractors were organized in a specific pattern, allowing distractor grouping, the increase in the number of distractors did not affect target counting. The current study suggests that even when performing simple counting of subset targets, the enumeration process can begin only once the locations of the targets have been identified and the targets' shape is bound to these locations. This pre-counting procedure depends on the number of individual locations occupied by the distractors. These findings are further discussed within the context of the object file theory.
Complexity reduction for higher order MIMO decoder using block diagonalization

In this paper, we propose a complexity reduction technique for the high order multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system by using the block diagonalization (BD) technique in the MIMO receiver. In wireless communication, the BD technique is well known for canceling the inter user interference (IUI) as a precoding method in a multi-user (MU) MIMO access point (AP). The proposed technique employs the BD technique for single-user (SU) MIMO receiver's MIMO decoding to reduce the complexity of high order MIMO decoder. By using the BD technique, the proposed high order MIMO receiver can decompose perfectly channel state information (CSI) matrix into sub-matrices of MIMO channel matrix. Therefore the proposed MIMO receiver does not require higher order MIMO decoder. This means that the hardware circuit area of the proposed MIMO decoder becomes smaller than the conventional one. This paper shows the proposed high order MIMO decode technique achieves higher accuracy than the conventional MIMO decoder methods such as Linear minimum mean square error (MMSE), and lattice reduction aided-MMSE (LRA-MMSE).