Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) to predict 30-day postoperative mortality in a mixed surgical population in Swedish tertiary hospitals

Abstract Background The Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) was derived and validated in the UK to improve preoperative prediction of postoperative risk. The aim of this study was to validate the SORT in a European mixed-case surgical population outside of the UK. Methods The study included patients aged at least 18 years with ASA Physical Status (ASA-PS) grades I–V who underwent non-cardiac surgery at four tertiary hospitals in Sweden between November 2015 and February 2016. Exclusion criteria were surgery under local anaesthesia and missing data on the SORT predictors (ASA-PS, surgical urgency, high-risk surgery, surgical severity, malignancy, age over 65 years). The outcome was 30-day mortality. Discrimination and calibration of the SORT were assessed using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) statistics and calibration plots. A sensitivity analysis was done in a high-risk subgroup (ASA-PS III or higher; surgical complexity major to Xmajor according to the SORT; gastrointestinal, orthopaedic, urogenital/obstetric surgery; and age at least 18 years). Results The validation cohort included 17 965 patients; median age was 58 (i.q.r. 40–70) years, 43.2 per cent were men, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 1.6 per cent. The SORT had excellent discrimination, with an AUROC of 0.91 (95 per cent c.i. 0.89 to 0.92), and good calibration. The high-risk subgroup (1807 patients) had a 30-day mortality rate of 5.6 per cent; in the sensitivity analysis, the SORT had good discrimination, with an AUROC of 0.79 (0.74 to 0.83), and calibration remained good. Conclusion The estimates of the original the SORT for prediction of 30-day mortality were valid and reliable in a mixed-case surgical population in a non-UK European setting.
H I, galaxy counts, and reddening: Variation in the gas-to-dust ratio, the extinction at high galactic latitudes, and a new method for determining galactic reddening

We reanalyze the interrelationships among Shane-Wirtanen galaxy counts, H I column densities, and reddenings, and resolve many of the problems raised by Heiles. These problems were caused by two factors: subtle biases in the reddening data and a variable gas-to-dust ratio in the galaxy. We present a compilation of reddenings for RR Lyrae stars and globular clusters which are on the same system and which we believe to be relatively free of biases. The extinction at the galactic poles, as determined by galaxy counts, is reexamined by using a new method to analyze galaxy counts. This new method partially accounts for the nonrandom clustering of galaxies and permits a reasonable estimate of the error in log N/sub gal/ as a function of latitude. The analysis shows that the galaxy counts (or galaxy cluster counts) are too noisy to allow direct determination of the extinction, or variation in extinction, near the galactic poles. From all available data, we conclude that the reddening at the poles is small (< or =0.02 mag in E (B--V) over much of the north galactic pole) and irregularly distributed. We find that there are zero offsets in the relations between E (B--V) and H I, andmore » between galaxy counts and H I, which are at least partly the result of an instrumental effect in the radio data. We also show that the gas-to-dust ratio can vary by a factor of 2 from the average, and we present two methods for correcting for this variability in predicting the reddening of objects which are located outside of the galactic absorbing layer. We present a prescription for predicting these reddenings; in the area of sky covered by the Shane-Wirtanen galaxy counts, the error in these predictions is, on average, less than 0.03 mag in E (B--V). « less
Uncovering the Biotechnological Importance of Geotrichum candidum

Fungi make a fundamental contribution to several biotechnological processes, including brewing, winemaking, and the production of enzymes, organic acids, alcohols, antibiotics, and pharmaceuticals. The present review explores the biotechnological importance of the filamentous yeast-like fungus Geotrichum candidum, a ubiquitous species known for its use as a starter in the dairy industry. To uncover G. candidum’s biotechnological role, we performed a search for related work through the scientific indexing internet services, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The following query was used: Geotrichum candidum, producing about 6500 scientific papers from 2017 to 2022. From these, approximately 150 that were associated with industrial applications of G. candidum were selected. Our analysis revealed that apart from its role as a starter in the dairy and brewing industries, this species has been administered as a probiotic nutritional supplement in fish, indicating improvements in developmental and immunological parameters. Strains of this species produce a plethora of biotechnologically important enzymes, including cellulases, β-glucanases, xylanases, lipases, proteases, and α-amylases. Moreover, strains that produce antimicrobial compounds and that are capable of bioremediation were identified. The findings of the present review demonstrate the importance of G. candidum for agrifood- and bio-industries and provide further insights into its potential future biotechnological roles.
Variational-principle formulation of the two-term theory for arrays of cylindrical dipoles

For an array of identical, parallel, coplanar cylindrical dipoles, in which only one element is driven, the possibility of describing all of the current distributions accurately as linear combinations of only two qualitatively simple functions is considered. By constructing a variational-principle description of the array, a linear system consisting of two integral equations coupled to a set of algebraic equations is derived. The solution of this system gives the best possible representation of the currents that can be achieved using only two terms, in the sense that the variational-principle functional is stationary. For the circular array, it is shown that the algebraic part of the system can be solved explicitly and exhibits the expected behavior at resonance. Motivated by the two-term theory introduced by King in 1959 and improved and expanded by King et al. in 1968, simple approximate formulas are proposed for the two functions and some preliminary numerical results are presented. Finally, the relationship between the variational-principle formulation of the two-term theory and the formulation of King et al. is briefly discussed. >
Statistical context learning in tactile search: Crossmodally redundant, visuo-tactile contexts fail to enhance contextual cueing

In search tasks, reaction times become faster when the target is repeatedly encountered at a fixed position within a consistent spatial arrangement of distractor items, compared to random arrangements. Such “contextual cueing” is also obtained when the predictive distractor context is provided by a non-target modality. Thus, in tactile search, finding a target defined by a deviant vibro-tactile pattern (delivered to one fingertip) from the patterns at other, distractor (fingertip) locations is facilitated not only when the configuration of tactile distractors is predictive of the target location, but also when a configuration of (collocated) visual distractors is predictive—where intramodal-tactile cueing is mediated by a somatotopic and crossmodal-visuotactile cueing by a spatiotopic reference frame. This raises the question of whether redundant multisensory, tactile-plus-visual contexts would enhance contextual cueing of tactile search over and above the level attained by unisensory contexts alone. To address this, we implemented a tactile search task in which, in 50% of the trials in a “multisensory” phase, the tactile target location was predicted by both the tactile and the visual distractor context; in the other 50%, as well as a “unisensory” phase, the target location was solely predicted by the tactile context. We observed no redundancy gains by multisensory-visuotactile contexts, compared to unisensory-tactile contexts. This argues that the reference frame for contextual learning is determined by the task-critical modality (somatotopic coordinates for tactile search). And whether redundant predictive contexts from another modality (vision) can enhance contextual cueing depends on the availability of the corresponding spatial (spatiotopic-visual to somatotopic-tactile) remapping routines.
Intestinal flora plays a role in the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer

The liver is a vital metabolism and detoxification organ of human body, which is involved in the biotransformation and metabolism of the organism. Hepatitis - cirrhosis - liver cancer are significant and common part of liver diseases. The pathogenesis of liver diseases is generally as followed: inflammation and other pathogenic factors cause persistent damage to the liver, leading to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Patients with chronic hepatitis have a high risk of developing into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even life-threatening liver cancer, which poses a great threat to public health.As the first organ to come into contact with blood from the gut, the liver is profoundly affected by the intestinal flora and its metabolites, with leaky gut and flora imbalance being the triggers of the liver’s pathological response. So far, no one has reviewed the role of intestinal flora in this process from the perspective of the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer and this article reviews the evidence supporting the effect of intestinal flora in the progression of liver disease.
Unsteady natural convection in a cavity with non-uniform absorption of radiation

A study of the unsteady natural convection in a cavity which was heated by the absorption of radiation entering through part of the surface is reported. While a general scaling analysis is quite complex, involving five separate timescales, most naturally occurring problems fall into just one regime, and it is only this regime which is discussed. To test the scaling, a series of laboratory experiments were performed in which the radiation parameters (surface flux and attenuation coefficient) were varied. The method by which these parameters were determined is also discussed. Numerical experiments were used to extend the parameter range, and the results of all these experiments confirmed the validity of the scaling over a range of parameters.
Detecting Facial Landmarks on 3D Models Based on Geometric Properties—A Review of Algorithms, Enhancements, Additions and Open-Source Implementations

Facial landmark detection, a crucial aspect of face recognition, is widely used in various fields, such as facial surgeries, biometrics, and surveillance systems. With the advancement of affordable and capable 3D scanning technologies, research on automatically detecting facial landmarks on 3D models is gaining momentum. Utilizing the geometric properties of 3D facial models, researchers have developed algorithms for various landmarks with varying levels of accuracy. In this study, we reviewed existing literature and developed algorithms for thirty-eight landmarks using geometric properties and statistical information about facial measurements. The algorithms for thirty landmarks are original contributions to the literature. We provide the implementation of all the algorithms as open-source Python code, along with the pseudocode for both our algorithms and those found in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this study covers the largest number of facial landmark detection algorithms based on the geometric properties of 3D models. This is the first study that provides the implementation of the algorithms along with detailed pseudocode. The results of the algorithms are presented by calculating the mean, median, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum of the errors and depicting the histogram for each landmark over a hundred 3D facial scans. The results show that geometric properties and statistics can be utilized to achieve more robust solutions for facial landmark detection.
Investigation of micro-drilling in AISI H13 steel using ECMM under distinct electrolytes-finding optimal setting

ABSTRACT Using an unconventional micro-drilling technique called electrochemical micro-machining (ECMM), one can make intricate geometrical patterns on extremely hard, electrically conducting and low thermal diffusing surfaces. AISI H13 tool steel is an exceptional corrosion-resistant steel because it has roughly equal proportions of austenite and ferrite. In this investigation, ECMM method is employed to drill holes in AISI H13 steel with the help of copper as electrode material with three distinct electrolytes (NaCl, NaNO3 and NaClO3). To forecast the response values and deviation in experimental trials, RSM and ANN were utilized. In addition, to identify the crucial factors affecting the surface quality features, the COPRAS technique and ANOVA were used. With the use of response surface plots, the effects of process variables on, material removal rate, surface roughness, and overcut were studied. The confirmation test was used to evaluate the best parameter settings (Electrolyte-NaNO3, electrolyte concentration-30 g/liter, and feed rate-0.6 mm/min for copper electrode).
Mechanically induced cyclic metastable phase transformations of Zr 2 Ni alloys

Cyclic crystalline-glassy-crystalline phase transformations have been investigated during high-energy ball milling of tetragonal-${\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ni}$ alloy powders using mechanical disordering (MD) method. The results show that the metastable $\mathrm{fcc}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ni}$ alloy powders which is obtained after $173\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ks}$ of MD time, transforms into a new metastable phase of nanocrystalline big cube-${\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ni}$ upon milling for $360\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ks}$. The lattice parameters ${a}_{0}$ for the metastable-fcc and big-cube phases were calculated and found to be $0.451\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ and $1.226\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, respectively. The obtained big-cube phase subsequently transforms to a single glassy phase after $540\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ks}$ of MD time. This obtained glassy phase, however, devitrificated into the same metastable big-cube phase upon increasing the MD time to $720\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ks}$. As the MD time increases $(806\char21{}900\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ks})$, the obtained nanocrystalline big-cube phase transforms into the pervious metastable $\mathrm{fcc}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ni}$ phase, indicating a cyclic-phase transformations between the three obtained metastable phases. Such cyclic phase transformations are observed several times during the milling procedure. On the basis of our results, the destabilizing effect of the defects created by the milling media (balls) is responsible for such mechanically induced solid-state devitrification that leads to the cyclic transformations.
Enzymatic Glucose Fiber Sensor for Glucose Concentration Measurement with a Heterodyne Interferometry

In this study, we developed a glucose fiber sensor incorporating heterodyne interferometry to measure the phase difference produced by the chemical reaction between glucose and glucose oxidase (GOx). Both theoretical and experimental results showed that the amount of phase variation is inversely proportional to glucose concentration. The proposed method provided a linear measurement range of the glucose concentration from 10 mg/dL to 550 mg/dL. The experimental results indicated that the sensitivity is proportional to the length of the enzymatic glucose sensor, and the optimum resolution can be obtained at a sensor length of 3 cm. The optimum resolution of the proposed method is better than 0.6 mg/dL. Moreover, the proposed sensor demonstrates good repeatability and reliability. The average relative standard deviation (RSD) is better than 10% and satisfied the minimum requirement for point-of-care devices.
Dissociated deficits of anticipated and experienced regret in at-risk suicidal individuals

Backgrounds Decision-making deficits have been reported as trans-diagnostic characteristics of vulnerability to suicidal behaviors, independent of co-existing psychiatric disorders. Individuals with suicidal behaviors often regret their decision to attempt suicide and may have impairments in future-oriented processing. However, it is not clear how people with suicidal dispositions use future-oriented cognition and past experience of regret to guide decision-making. Here, we examined the processes of regret anticipation and experience in subclinical youth with and without suicidal ideation during value-based decision-making. Methods In total, 80 young adults with suicidal ideation and 79 healthy controls completed a computational counterfactual thinking task and self-reported measures of suicidal behaviors, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, rumination, hopelessness, and childhood maltreatment. Results Individuals with suicidal ideation showed a reduced ability to anticipate regret compared to healthy controls. Specifically, suicidal ideators’ experience of regret/relief was significantly different from that of healthy controls upon obtained outcomes, while their disappointment/pleasure experience was not significantly different from healthy controls. Conclusion These findings suggest that young adults with suicidal ideation have difficulty predicting the consequences or the future value of their behavior. Individuals with suicidal ideation showed impairments in value comparison and flat affect to retrospective rewards, whereas individuals with high suicidality showed blunted affect to immediate rewards. Identifying the counterfactual decision-making characteristics of at-risk suicidal individuals may help to elucidate measurable markers of suicidal vulnerability and identify future intervention targets.
Work-related posttraumatic stress disorder in paramedics in comparison to data from the general population of working age. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective Paramedics are at particularly high risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Hitherto, evidence for higher prevalence rates in paramedics compared to the general population is vague. We aimed to determine and compare 12-month prevalence of PTSD in paramedics and general population from high-income countries. Methods We conducted systematic review processes to identify relevant studies for inclusion. For paramedics, we searched relevant databases, reference lists, and did citation tracking. Inclusion criteria were applied according to PICO. Quality of the studies was assessed using a validated methodological rating tool. Twelve-month prevalence data from all studies were pooled using random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. Results In total, we found 41 distinct samples with 17,045 paramedics, 55 samples with 311,547 individuals from non-exposed general population, 39 samples with 118,806 individuals from populations affected by natural disasters, and 22 samples with 99,222 individuals from populations affected by human-made disasters. Pooled 12-month prevalence estimates of PTSD were 20.0, 3.1, 15.6, and 12.0%, respectively. Prevalence estimates in paramedics varied with methodological quality and measurement instrument. Paramedics reporting distinct critical incidences had lower pooled prevalence than paramedics reporting indistinct types of exposure. Conclusion Paramedics have a pooled prevalence of PTSD that is considerably higher than rates of unexposed general population and populations affected by human-made disasters. Chronic exposure to low-threshold traumatic events during daily routine work is a risk factor for developing PTSD. Strategies to ensure long working lifetime are strongly needed.
Balancing perspectives on performance: “Measurement from the inside” and “measurement from the outside”

This article investigates the nature of tensions “ on the ground ” between the internal and external stake-holders of arts organizations in terms of performance measurement. Based on the qualitative analysis of 19 interviews, the performance measurement practices of two different-sized arts organizations highlight internal and external stakeholders' contra-sting perspectives on a number of measurement dimensions. In endeavoring to understand tensions between internal and external stakeholders, the article highlights the main differences which result from seemingly opposed ways of knowing. Internal stake-holders tend more to reflect “ phronesis , ” based on value-rationality, while external stakeholders are more inclined to technical ( “ techne ” ), or analytical ( “ episteme ” ) knowledge based on instrumental rationality. Nevertheless, there is some evidence of positive engagement between internal and external stake-holders. The article argues that in order to mitigate tensions, internal and external stakeholders should aim for culturally embedded understanding through
Experimental demonstration of the equivalence of inductive and strongly coupled magnetic resonance wireless power transfer

In this work, we show experimentally that wireless power transfer (WPT) using strongly coupled magnetic resonance (SCMR) and traditional induction are equivalent. We demonstrate that for a given coil separation, and to within 4%, strongly coupled magnetic resonance and traditional induction produce the same theoretical efficiency of wireless power transfer versus distance. Moreover, we show that the difference between traditional induction and strongly coupled magnetic resonance is in the implementation of the impedance matching network where strongly coupled magnetic resonance uses the mini-loop impedance match. The mini-loop impedance mach provides a low-loss, high-ratio impedance transformation that makes it desirable for longer distance wireless power transfer, where large impedance transformations are needed to maximize power transfer.
Fast model based feature matching technique applied to airport lighting

The use of image processing techniques to assess the performance of airport landing lighting using images of it collected from an aircraft-mounted camera is documented. In order to assess the performance of the lighting, it is necessary to uniquely identify each luminaire within an image and then track the luminaires through the entire sequence and store the relevant information for each luminaire, that is, the total number of pixels that each luminaire covers and the total grey level of these pixels. This pixel grey level can then be used for performance assessment. The authors propose a robust model-based (MB) feature-matching technique by which the performance is assessed. The development of this matching technique is the key to the automated performance assessment of airport lighting. The MB matching technique utilises projective geometry in addition to accurate template of the 3D model of a landing-lighting system. The template is projected onto the image data and an optimum match found, using nonlinear least-squares optimisation. The MB matching software is compared with standard feature extraction and tracking techniques known within the community, these being the Kanade-Lucus-Tomasi (KLT) and scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) techniques. The new MB matching technique compares favourably with the SIFT and KLT feature-tracking alternatives. As such, it provides a solid foundation to achieve the central aim of this research which is to automatically assess the performance of airport lighting.