Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chandra and HST Snapshots of Fossil System Progenitors

The search for the progenitors to today’s fossil galaxy systems has been restricted to N-body simulations until recently, when 12 fossil progenitors were identified in the CASSOWARY catalog of strong-lensing systems. All 12 systems lie in the predicted redshift range for finding fossils that are in the process of assembling their brightest group galaxy (BGG), and all show complex merging-like environments at their centers. Here, we present Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope snapshots of eight of these strong-lensing fossil progenitors at varying stages of evolution. We find that our lensing progenitors exhibit higher than expected X-ray luminosities and temperatures consistent with previously observed non-lensing fossil systems. More precise galaxy luminosity functions are generated, which strengthen past claims that progenitors are the transition phase between non-fossils and fossils. We also find evidence suggesting that the majority of differences between fossils and non-fossils lie in their BGGs.
Formulation and Evaluation of Aciclovir Loaded Novel Gelfor Topical Application

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded, enveloped, DNA virus. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) belong to the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alpha herpesvirinae. Following initial infection, the herpes viruses become latent in the sensory neural ganglia (the trigeminal ganglion in HSV-1 infection [1] and the sacral ganglion in HSV-2 infection). ACV mainly used for the first line treatment of herpes virus infection. , and varicellazoster virus (VZV). The inhibitory activity of acyclovir is highly selective due to its affinity for the enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by HSV and VZV. ACV has low oral bioavailability of 1020%. ACV administered by the oral, topical, & intravenous route in herpes infection [2] When administrated orally often results in general side effects, including Anaphylaxis, angioedema, fever, headache, pain, peripheral edema, gastrointestinal disturbances likes diarrhoea, nausea [3]. Topical administration of ACV (cream or ointment) has side effects like flakiness of the skin, burning or stinging feeling, or itching of skin [4]. Controlled drug delivery by topical administration produce steady-state phenomenon which is ultimately reduced systemic side effect and provide improved efficacy as compared to other dosage forms. Main disadvantage of Acyclovir is that it is poor water solubility and it is insoluble in hydrophobic solvents. So, it is not possible to produce a topical formulation which having sufficient concentration of active ingredient to produce its desired therapeutic effect and it is also difficult to optimize flux of the formulation through the skin. In case of rate of release of drug, it is also significant that any dosage form of a therapeutically active ingredient; should be stable for longer period; its potency should be retain; should not produce any colour change or produce insoluble ingredient and should also non irritating to the mucosa [5].
IMPACT OF WETLAND CONVERSION INTO FORESTS AND ARABLE LAND ON SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY IN THE SANJIANG PLAIN, NORTHEASTERN CHINA

Changes in land use patterns lead to changes in soil ecosystem functions, and soil microorganisms can sensitively reflect the evolution of soil quality and different ecosystem functions. Here, three typical land use patterns (wetland, arable land, and forest) in the Sanjiang Plain of northeastern China were selected to study the effect of land use changes on the microbial community structure of wetlands. High-throughput sequencing technology based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used to study the community structure of soil bacteria in three land use patterns and to explore the relationship between soil bacterial community and environmental factors. Our findings indicated that the dominant bacterial phyla in soils of different land use patterns were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. However, the land use patterns significantly changed the composition and abundance of soil bacterial genera. Combined with the soil bacterial alpha diversity index, the soil bacterial α diversity in wetlands was higher than that in forests and farmlands. Soil bacterial beta diversity varied significantly among land use patterns. The redundancy analysis results showed that soil moisture content was the main factor affecting the bacterial community structure of wetland soils, whereas pH, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting the soil bacterial community structure in forests, and total phosphorus and available phosphorus were the main factors affecting the soil bacterial community structure in arable land.
Scaling Relations of Supersonic Turbulence in Star-forming Molecular Clouds

We present a direct numerical and analytical study of driven supersonic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence that is believed to govern the dynamics of star-forming molecular clouds. We describe statistical properties of the turbulence by measuring the velocity difference structure functions up to the fifth order. In particular, the velocity power spectrum in the inertial range is found to be close to Ek ~ k-1.74, and the velocity difference scales as ⟨|Δu|⟩ ~ L0.42. The results agree well with the Kolmogorov-Burgers analytical model suggested for supersonic turbulence.We then generalize the model to more realistic, fractal structure of molecular clouds and show that depending on the fractal dimension of a given molecular cloud, the theoretical value for the velocity spectrum spans the interval [-1.74, -1.89], while the corresponding window for the velocity difference scaling exponent is [0.42, 0.78].
Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking---Why and How

This theoretical review is intended to give non-theorists a flavor of the ideas driving the current efforts to experimentally find supersymmetry. We discuss the main reasons behind the expectation that supersymmetry may be "just around the corner" and may be discovered in the near future. We use simple quantum-mechanical examples to illustrate the concept---and the power---of supersymmetry, the possible ways to break supersymmetry, and the dynamical generation of small scales. We then describe how this theoretical machinery helps shape our perception of what physics beyond the electroweak scale might be.
Confronting Galactic center and dwarf spheroidal gamma-ray observations with cascade annihilation models

Many particle dark matter models predict that the dark matter undergoes cascade annihilations, i.e. the annihilation products are 4-body final states. In the context of model-independent cascade annihilation models, we study the compatibility of the dark matter interpretation of the Fermi- LAT Galactic center gamma-ray emission with null detections from dwarf spheroidal galaxies. For canonical values of the Milky Way density profile and the local dark matter density, we find that the dark matter interpretation to the Galactic center emission is strongly constrained. However, uncertainties in the dark matter distribution weaken the constraints and leave open dark matter interpretations over a wide range of mass scales.
Quantifying Star Formation Activity in the Inner 1 kpc of Local MIR Bright QSOs

We examine star formation activity in a distant (z < 0.1) and flux-limited sample of quasars (QSOs). Midinfrared (MIR) spectral diagnostics at high spatial resolution (∼0.4 arcsec) yield star formation rates (SFRs) in the inner regions (∼300 pc–1 kpc) for 13 of 20 of the sample members. We group these objects according to the size probed by the high angular resolution spectroscopy, with characteristic scales of <0.7 and ∼0.7–1 kpc. Using the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature at 11.3 μm, we measure SFRs around 0.2 and 1.6 M⊙ yr−1. We also measure the larger aperture PAH-derived SFRs in the individual IRS/Spitzer spectra of the sample and obtain a clear detection in ∼58% of them. We compare smaller and larger aperture measurements and find that they are similar, suggesting that star formation activity in these QSOs is more centrally concentrated, with the inner region (≲1 kpc) accounting for the majority of star formation measured on these scales, and that PAH molecules can be present in most local MIR-bright QSOs within a few hundred parsecs from the central engine. By comparison with merger simulations, we find that our estimation of the SFR and black hole (BH) accretion rates are consistent with a scenario in which the star formation activity is centrally peaked as predicted by simulations.
Probabilistic Safety Assessment in Composite Materials using BNN by ABC-SS

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites present excellent mechanical properties, however, their behaviour under fatigue and the interaction between the different failure modes is not yet well understood. This uncertainty, or lack of knowledge, is the reason why they are still not extensively used in the aerospace industry, where safety is critical. In this paper, Bayesian neural networks trained with approximate Bayesian computation (BNN by ABC-SS) are used to quantify such uncertainty and undertake a probabilistic safety assessment. An experiment is carried out using data from composite fatigue testing, where the proposed algorithm is compared against the state-of-the-art Bayesian neural networks. The results show that, the flexibility of BNN by ABC-SS to quantify the uncertainty significantly contributes towards a reliable safety assessment. Measuring the unknowns with confidence can be crucial when safety is at stake.
Diquark correlations in baryons on the lattice with overlap quarks

We evaluate baryon wave functions in both the Coulomb and Landau gauges in lattice QCD. These are constructed from quark propagators calculated with the overlap Dirac operator on quenched gauge configurations at $\ensuremath{\beta}=6$. By comparing baryon states that differ in their diquark content, we find evidence for enhanced correlation in the scalar diquark channel, as favored by quark models. We also summarize earlier results for diquark masses in the Landau gauge, casting them in a form more easily compared with subsequent studies.
Above ground biomass estimation from UAV high resolution RGB images and LiDAR data in a pine forest in Southern Italy

Knowledge of forest biomass is an essential parameter for managing the forest in a sustainable way, as forest biomass data availability and reliability are nec-essary for forestry and forest planning, but also for the carbon market as well as to support the local economy in the mountain and inner areas. However, the accurate quantification of the above-ground biomass (AGB) is still a chal-lenge both at the local and global levels. The use of remote sensing techniques with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms can be an excellent trade-off between resolution, scale, and frequency data of AGB estimation. In this study, we evaluated the combined use of RGB images from UAV, LiDAR data and ground truth data to estimate AGB in a forested watershed in Southern Italy. A low-cost AGB estimation method was adopted using a commercial fixed-wing drone equipped with an RGB camera, combined with the canopy information derived by LiDAR and validated by field data. Two modelling methods (stepwise regression, SR and random forest, RF) were used to estimate forest AGB. The output was an accurate maps of AGB for each model. The RF model showed better accuracy than the Steplm model, and the R 2 increased from 0.81 to 0.86, and the RMSE and MAE values were decreased from 45.5 to 31.7 Mg ha -1 and from 34.2 to 22.1 Mg ha -1 respectively. We demonstrated that by increas-ing the computing efficiency through a machine learning algorithm, readily available images can be used to obtain satisfactory results, as proven by the accuracy of the Random forest above biomass estimation model.
The TexOx-1000 redshift survey of radio sources I: the TOOT00 region

We present optical spectroscopy, near-infrared (mostly K-band) and radio (151-MHz and 1.4-GHz) imaging of the first complete region (TOOT00) of the TexOx-1000 (TOOT) redshift survey of radio sources. The 0.0015-sr (~5 deg 2 ) TOOT00 region is selected from pointed observations of the Cambridge Low-Frequency Survey Telescope at 151 MHz at a flux density limit of ≃100 mJy, approximately five times fainter than the 7C Redshift Survey (7CRS), and contains 47 radio sources. We have obtained 40 spectroscopic redshifts (~85 per cent completeness). Adding redshifts estimated for the seven other cases yields a median redshift Z med ~ 1.25. We find a significant population of objects with Fanaroff-Riley type I (FRI) like radio structures at radio luminosities above both the low-redshift FRI/II break and the break in the radio luminosity function. The redshift distribution and subpopulations of TOOT00 are broadly consistent with extrapolations from the 7CRS/6CE/3CRR data sets underlying the SKADS Simulated Skies Semi-Empirical Extragalactic Data base, S 3 -SEX.
A review on reinforcement learning algorithms and applications in supply chain management

Decision-making in supply chains is challenged by high complexity, a combination of continuous and discrete processes, integrated and interdependent operations, dynamics, and adaptability. The rapidly increasing data availability, computing power and intelligent algorithms unveil new potentials in adaptive data-driven decision-making. Reinforcement Learning, a class of machine learning algorithms, is one of the data-driven methods. This semi-systematic literature review explores the current state of the art of reinforcement learning in supply chain management (SCM) and proposes a classification framework. The framework classifies academic papers based on supply chain drivers, algorithms, data sources, and industrial sectors. The conducted review revealed a few critical insights. First, the classic Q-learning algorithm is still the most popular one. Second, inventory management is the most common application of reinforcement learning in supply chains, as it is a pivotal element of supply chain synchronisation. Last, most reviewed papers address toy-like SCM problems driven by artificial data. Therefore, shifting to industry-scale problems will be a crucial challenge in the next years. If this shift is successful, the vision of data-driven decision-making in real-time could become a reality.
Development of MicroTCA.4 based remote DAQ system for KSTAR

To standardize and simplify the control system at Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR), we develop 10G Ethernet based remote DAQ system. By separating the DAQ system and the host, the structure of the control system can be made more flexible. We have developed a DAQ module with a 10G Ethernet interface based on a MicroTCA.4 system designed to control devices in real time on a remote server via 10GE. To connect proposed device and host, we use real time network based on UDP multicast atop 10GbE cut-through packet switching infrastructure. This system is implemented using Zynq based MicroTCA.4 board, matched RTM board that has analogue input/output interface and power supply system. By using remote DAQ system, multiple host server can subscribe the DAQ data without additional computational cost in real time. This system will be applied to control fueling system at KSTAR Tokamak.
Evaluation of SMAP, SMOS-IC, FY3B, JAXA, and LPRM Soil Moisture Products over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Surrounding Areas

High-quality and long time-series soil moisture (SM) data are increasingly required for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) to more accurately and effectively assess climate change. In this study, to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of SM data, five passive microwave remotely sensed SM products are collected over the QTP, including those from the soil moisture active passive (SMAP), soil moisture and ocean salinity INRA-CESBIO (SMOS-IC), Fengyun-3B microwave radiation image (FY3B), and two SM products derived from the advanced microwave scanning radiometer 2 (AMSR2). The two AMSR2 products are generated by the land parameter retrieval model (LPRM) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) algorithm, respectively. The SM products are evaluated through a two-stage data comparison method. The first stage is direct validation at the grid scale. Five SM products are compared with corresponding in situ measurements at five in situ networks, including Heihe, Naqu, Pali, Maqu, and Ngari. Another stage is indirect validation at the regional scale, where the uncertainties of the data are quantified by using a three-cornered hat (TCH) method. The results at the regional scale indicate that soil moisture is underestimated by JAXA and overestimated by LPRM, some noise is contained in temporal variations in SMOS-IC, and FY3B has relatively low absolute accuracy. The uncertainty of SMAP is the lowest among the five products over the entire QTP. In the SM map composed by five SM products with the lowest pixel-level uncertainty, 66.64% of the area is covered by SMAP (JAXA: 19.39%, FY3B: 10.83%, LPRM: 2.11%, and SMOS-IC: 1.03%). This study reveals some of the reasons for the different performances of these five SM products, mainly from the perspective of the parameterization schemes of their corresponding retrieval algorithms. Specifically, the parameterization configurations and corresponding input datasets, including the land-surface temperature, the vegetation optical depth, and the soil dielectric mixing model are analyzed and discussed. This study provides quantitative evidence to better understand the uncertainties of SM products and explain errors that originate from the retrieval algorithms.
Thirty-fold: Extreme Gravitational Lensing of a Quiescent Galaxy at z = 1.6

We report the discovery of eMACSJ1341-QG-1, a quiescent galaxy at z = 1.594 located behind the massive galaxy cluster eMACSJ1341.9–2442 (z = 0.835). The system was identified as a gravitationally lensed triple image in Hubble Space Telescope images obtained as part of a snapshot survey of the most X-ray luminous galaxy clusters at z > 0.5 and spectroscopically confirmed in ground-based follow-up observations with the ESO/X-Shooter spectrograph. From the constraints provided by the triple image, we derive a first, crude model of the mass distribution of the cluster lens, which predicts a gravitational amplification of a factor of ∼30 for the primary image and a factor of ∼6 for the remaining two images of the source, making eMACSJ1341-QG-1 by far the most strongly amplified quiescent galaxy discovered to date. Our discovery underlines the power of SNAPshot observations of massive, X-ray selected galaxy clusters for lensing-assisted studies of faint background populations.
Pan-STARRS Photometric and Astrometric Calibration

We present the details of the photometric and astrometric calibration of the Pan-STARRS1 3π Survey. The photometric goals were to reduce the systematic effects introduced by the camera and detectors, and to place all of the observations onto a photometric system with consistent zero-points over the entire area surveyed, the ≈30,000 deg2 north of δ = −30°. Using external comparisons, we demonstrate that the resulting photometric system is consistent across the sky to between 7 and 12.4 mmag depending on the filter. For bright stars, the systematic error floor for individual measurements is (σ g , σ r , σ i , σ z , σ y ) = (14, 14, 15, 15, 18) mmag. The astrometric calibration compensates for similar systematic effects so that positions, proper motions, and parallaxes are reliable as well. The bright-star systematic error floor for individual astrometric measurements is 16 mas. The Pan-STARRS Data Release 2 (DR2) astrometric system is tied to the Gaia DR1 coordinate frame with a systematic uncertainty of ∼5 mas.
Mean square leader‐following consensus of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems with Markovian switching topologies and communication delays

This article considers the mean square leader‐following output consensus problem of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems under randomly switching topologies and time‐varying communication delays. By modeling the switching topologies as a time‐homogeneous Markov process and taking the communication delays into consideration, a distributed observer is proposed to estimate the state of the leader. A novel distributed output feedback controller is then designed. By constructing a novel switching Lyapunov functional, an easily‐verifiable sufficient condition to achieve the mean square leader‐following output consensus is given. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
The effect of solar energy production on financial development and economic growth: Evidence from 11 selected countries

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of solar energy production on financial development and economic growth in 11 leading countries in solar energy production over the period 2000–2019. The results of the analysis indicated that solar energy production had a positive and significant impact on financial development, however, not on economic growth. It was found that the impacts of capital and direct investment variables on financial development and economic growth were positive and significant. According to Dumitrescu-Hurlin’s causality test results, a bidirectional causality relationship was determined to exist between solar energy production and financial development. Furthermore, a unidirectional causality relationship running from economic growth to solar energy production was detected. In this context, the analysis results confirmed the conservation hypothesis. The results could be a guide on solar energy production policies. By considering the impacts of solar energy production on financial development and economic growth, more effective policy decisions could be made.
Discovery of the Luminous, Decades-long, Extragalactic Radio Transient FIRST J141918.9+394036

We present the discovery of a slowly evolving, extragalactic radio transient, FIRST J141918.9+394036, identified by comparing a catalog of radio sources in nearby galaxies against new observations from the Very Large Array Sky Survey. Analysis of other archival data shows that FIRST J141918.9+394036 faded by a factor of ∼50 over 23 years, from a flux of ∼26 mJy at 1.4 GHz in 1993 to an upper limit of 0.4 mJy at 3 GHz in 2017. FIRST J141918.9+394036 is likely associated with the small star-forming galaxy SDSS J141918.81+394035.8 at a redshift z = 0.01957 (d = 87 Mpc), which implies a peak luminosity νLν ≳ 3 × 1038 erg s−1. If interpreted as an isotropic synchrotron blast wave, the source requires an explosion of kinetic energy ∼1051 erg some time prior to our first detection in late 1993. This explosion is most likely associated with a long gamma-ray burst (GRB), but the radio source could also be interpreted as the nebula of a newly born magnetar. The radio discovery of either of these phenomena would be unprecedented. Joint consideration of the event light curve, host galaxy, lack of a counterpart GRB, and volumetric rate suggests that FIRST J141918.9+394036 is the afterglow of an off-axis (“orphan”) long GRB. The long time baseline of this event offers the best available constraint in afterglow evolution as the bulk of shock-accelerated electrons become non-relativistic. The proximity, age, and precise localization of FIRST J141918.9+394036 make it a key object for understanding the aftermath of rare classes of stellar explosion.