Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits

Maternal tobacco use and nicotine exposure during pregnancy have been associated with adverse birth outcomes in infants and can lead to preventable pregnancy complications. Exposure to nicotine and other compounds in tobacco and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been shown to increases the risk of miscarriage, prematurity, stillbirth, low birth weight, perinatal morbidity, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Additionally, recent data provided by clinical and pre-clinical research demonstrates that nicotine exposure during pregnancy may heighten the risk for adverse neurodevelopmental disorders such as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity (ADHD), anxiety, and depression along with altering the infants underlying brain circuitry, response to neurotransmitters, and brain volume. In the United States, one in 14 women (7.2%) reported to have smoked cigarettes during their pregnancy with the global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy estimated to be 1.7%. Approximately 1.1% of women in the United States also reported to have used e-cigarettes during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Due to the large percentage of women utilizing nicotine products during pregnancy in the United States and globally, this review seeks to centralize pre-clinical and clinical studies focused on the neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental complications associated with prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) such as alterations to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NA), hippocampus, and caudate as well as changes to nAChR and cholinergic receptor signaling, long-term drug seeking behavior following PNE, and other related developmental disorders. Current literature analyzing the association between PNE and the risk for offspring developing schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety, and obesity will also be discussed.
Development of Pico-Hydro Electric Power Plant on Irrigation Canal - Case Study: Menaming Village, Indonesia

One potential that can be utilized as a source of small-scale electrical energy is irrigation canals. The obstacle experienced to utilize irrigation canals is because irrigation canals have low flow speeds and height differences in irrigation canals. In this study, a power plant was made in an irrigation stream with a flow speed of 0.3 m/s and a height difference of only 0.3 meters. This research began with a survey of the design and manufacture of waterwheels, transmission systems, and generators. After all components are installed, the generator output voltage measurement is carried out using lamp loads of 3,6,9,12,25 and 49 Watts. From the measurements, it can be seen that as the load increases, the rotation of the wheel, voltage, and frequency will also decrease. This is due to the lack of water power so that the water is no longer able to turn the waterwheel.
Reconstruction methods for spatially resolved photoacoustic projection data

In this work we give an overview and discussion of pros and cons of currently used reconstruction algorithms suited for the reconstruction of the projections of the initial pressure distribution from spatially recorded wave pattern projection images. Especially, the methods are compared in terms of reconstruction speed, the applicability in case of limited data and inhomogeneous wave propagation properties.
Cross-community Adapter Learning (CAL) to Understand the Evolving Meanings of Norm Violation

Cross-community learning incorporates data from different sources to leverage task-specific solutions in a target community. This approach is particularly interesting for low-resource or newly created online communities, where data formalizing interactions between agents (community members) are limited. In such scenarios, a normative system that intends to regulate online interactions faces the challenge of continuously learning the meaning of norm violation as communities' views evolve, either with changes in the understanding of what it means to violate a norm or with the emergence of new violation classes. To address this issue, we propose the Cross-community Adapter Learning (CAL) framework, which combines adapters and transformer-based models to learn the meaning of norm violations expressed as textual sentences. Additionally, we analyze the differences in the meaning of norm violations between communities, using Integrated Gradients (IG) to understand the inner workings of our model and calculate a global relevance score that indicates the relevance of words for violation detection. Results show that cross-community learning enhances CAL's performance while explaining the differences in the meaning of norm-violating behavior based on community members' feedback. We evaluate our proposal in a small set of interaction data from Wikipedia, in which the norm prohibits hate speech.
Development of sediment budgets at multiple scales

A sediment mass balance constructed for a 16-km reach of the Snake River downstream from Jackson Lake Dam (JLD) indicates that river regulation has reduced the magnitude of sediment mass balance deficit that would naturally exist in the absence of the dam. The sediment budget was constructed from calibrated bed load transport relations, which were used to model sediment flux into and through the study reach. Calibration of the transport relations was based on bed load transport data collected over a wide range of flows on the Snake River and its two major tributaries within the study area in 2006 and 2007. Comparison of actual flows with unregulated flows for the period since 1957 shows that operations of JLD have reduced annual peak flows and increased late summer flows. Painted tracer stones placed at five locations during the 2005 spring flood demonstrate that despite the reduction in flood magnitudes, common floods are capable of mobilizing the bed material. The sediment mass balance demonstrates that more sediment exits the study reach than is being supplied by tributaries. However, the volume of sediment exported using estimated unregulated hydrology indicates that the magnitude of the deficit would be greater in the absence of JLD. Our calculations suggest that the Snake River was not in equilibrium prior to construction of JLD, but was naturally in sediment deficit. Our conclusion that impoundment lessened a natural sediment deficit 1 Coauthored by Susannah O. Erwin, John C. Schmidt, and Nicholas C. Nelson 10 condition rather than causing sediment surplus could not have been predicted in the absence of sediment transport data, and highlights the value of transport data and calculation of sediment mass balance in informing dam operations.
Knowledge of Diabetic Retinopathy among Primary Care Nurses Performing Fundus Photography and Agreement with Ophthalmologists on Screening

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), with macular oedema being one of the leading causes of avoidable blindness among individuals with DM worldwide. Fundus screening is the only method for early detection and treatment. High-quality training programmes for professionals performing primary care screening are essential to produce high-quality images that facilitate accurate lesion identification. This is a two-phase observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The first phase analysed DR knowledge in a sample of nurses. The second phase explored agreement on DR screening between referral ophthalmologists in image assessment (gold standard) and a small group of nurses involved in the previous phase. In phase 1, the agreement rate for screening results was 90%. In phase 2, the overall raw agreement on the screening of fundus photography results between nurses and ophthalmologists was 75% (Cohen’s kappa = 0.477; p < 0.001). Agreement on screening with ophthalmologists was moderate, suggesting that implementing a specific training programme for nurse-led imaging screening would help develop this competence among nurses, ensuring a good level of agreement and patient safety and adding value for users, and also for the sustainability of the healthcare system. This study was not registered.
Comparison of Miniaturized Chromatographic Columns and 96-Well Plates for Automated Antibody Purification under Economic and Sustainable Aspects

Therapeutic antibodies are an area of major interest in treating infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Efficient purification strategies are required to discover and produce antibodies, representing a significant cost driver. Miniaturization and automation of the chromatographic purification process may contribute to cost reduction. In this article, miniaturized chromatographic columns and 96-well filter plates are used to purify an IgG antibody from cell cultures and are compared in terms of quality, cost, and sustainability. The validation results of the two miniaturized chromatographic antibody purification methods indicate high efficacy and are comparable except for minor differences in yield. The lowest cost per sample can be obtained with the miniaturized chromatographic columns, as annual throughput can be maximized with the miniaturized plates. By evaluating sustainability, significant reductions in laboratory waste produced during antibody purification can be shown, along with an increase in employee safety by using the automation system. Overall, the comparison of results shows that, in the development of new purification strategies, the type of implementation has a decisive influence on the outcomes in terms of recovery, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability.
Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer and Multi Objective Optimization
 of Swirling Jet Impingement on a Flat Surface

The influence of swirling flow on distribution of wall heat transfer on a flat plate with helicoid swirl inserts is experimentally studied. The focus of the study is on the swirling effect imposed by helicoid surfaces. Six helicoid swirl inserts of single vane, double vanes and triple vanes with swirl number (Sw) of 0.75 and 1.1 are used in this study. The heat transfer measurements are made for the Reynolds number range of 12700 32700 and for the nozzle exit to impinging plate distance (H/D) of 1, 2, 3 and 4 using thermo chromic liquid crystal technique. The swirling impinging jet is also compared with circular impinging jet on the heat transfer performance. The obtained experimental results provide the information on the behavior of single, double and triple helicoid swirl inserts on the heat transfer performance. The experimental values are analyzed with multi objective optimization technique of principle component analysis by computing multi response performance index (MRPI). Their performance is presented in terms of heat transfer rate through evaluation of Nusselt number on the impinging surface and heat transfer uniformity and decay of Nusselt number. The principle component analysis reveals that the double helicoid with higher H/D ratio improves performance of the swirling jet with relatively higher computed MRPI. It is found from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) that the H/D ratio contributes significant effect on the output followed by number of helicoid vanes and swirl number.
Effects of closure stress on fracture morphology and multi-phase flow in a shear fractured Berea sandstone

Understanding the mechanical properties of fractures and how fractures affect single and multi-phase flow behavior is very important, not only in petroleum reservoirs but also in many other fields. Multi-phase flow behavior in shear fractures is not fully understood. This study focuses, on fracture morphology and hydraulic behavior of a shear fracture, along with the effects of closure stress. Morphology of the shear fracture and the effects of increasing the closure stress on fracture properties were studied under dry condition using high resolution Micro-Computed Tomography (MCT). Fracture properties such as average aperture and asperity ratio are highly affected by increasing the closure stress. Two multi-phase flow experiments were conducted under two different closure stresses. Full scans were acquired at different saturation conditions at both closure stresses. High effective oil permeability combined with low Swirr in the fracture and high Swirr in the matrix, indicates that the fracture is acting as an oil conduct. Increasing the closure stress has no significant effect on the fluid distributions inside the fracture and on effective permeabilities; the same behavior was observed at both closure stresses. Fluid distributions at all saturation conditions and at both closure stresses confirm that oil occupies the large apertures; and cannot be displaced out of the fracture and force the water to flow in the matrix and the small apertures, thus yielding very low water relative permeabilities at Sor. The saturations in the matrix adjacent to the fracture were calculated and compared to the saturations in the fracture. Increasing water saturation was observed going from the fracture into the wall and further matrix at both Swirr and Sor conditions.
Mediating role of work stressors between auditor knowledge-sharing activities and job satisfaction in Indonesian small audit firms

Audit businesses encourage their auditors to conduct remote audits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, auditors from small audit firms exchange their skills, viewpoints, and experiences through internet forums. The purpose of this study is to investigate how auditors’ knowledge-sharing activities through a social media community based on the reciprocity standard can prevent stress caused by work stressors, which affect their job satisfaction. The relationship between knowledge-sharing activities, work stressors, and job satisfaction was examined using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method. This survey includes 151 auditors from 27 Indonesian small audit firms. The findings revealed that active involvement in knowledge sharing activities through social media groups boosts auditor motivation by raising good feelings when confronted with work conflict (β = 0.334, p &lt; 0.001) and lowering negative emotions when confronted with work ambiguity (β = –0.407, p &lt; 0.001) and work overload (β = –0.372, p &lt; 0.001). However, only minimizing the negative feelings of work ambiguity (β = –0.331, p &lt; 0.001) and work overload (β = –0.277, p &lt; 0.001) can improve job satisfaction. Furthermore, work ambiguity (β = 0.135, p &lt; 0.001) and overload (β = 0.103, p &lt; 0.01) totally mediate the association between knowledge–sharing activities and auditor job satisfaction. Auditors set the norm for social media reciprocity by sharing their knowledge and expertise with others. As a result, the auditor can reduce negative emotions when facing hindrance stressors, thereby increasing job satisfaction. AcknowledgmentThis research was sponsored by Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP).
Reconstruction de la calotte polaire du Groenland au cours du dernier cycle glaciaire-interglaciaire à partir de l'association de la modélisation numérique 3D et des enregistrements des carottages glaciaires profonds

La calotte polaire du Groenland retient dans ses glaces une contribution potentielle au niveau des mers de 7,3 metres. Alors que des changements importants sont observes a l'heure actuelle, realiser des projections sur son etat futur a l'echelle pluri-centennal est devenu une priorite. La modelisation numerique 3D est l'un des outils pour effectuer ces projections. Ce travail incorpore largement l'utilisation des carottages profonds du Groenland, qui rassemblent une grande part d'information sur les etats passes. Ainsi, l'accent est ici mis sur les validites des reconstructions effectuant constamment des aller-retour entre observations et simulations. La robustesse de ces reconstructions et des projections futures est largement questionnee au travers de nombreuses experiences de sensibilite. La calibration du modele de glace en utilisant des contraintes sur les informations de la derniere deglaciation permet de proposer des scenarios sur l'etat de la calotte au cours du precedent interglaciaire, l'Eemien, potentiel analogue pour le climat futur.
Beam‐switching of Fabry–Perot cavity antenna using asymmetric reflection phase response of bianisotropic metasurface

A novel bianisotropic metasurface (BMS) based beam-switching/steering technique is demonstrated using Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity antenna. The proposed configuration comprises of a patch antenna and the BMS as a partially reflecting surface. The BMS is consisting of strongly coupled two layers of metallic patches, termed as a constant phase layer (CPL) and a gradient phase layer (GPL). Due to the bianisotropic nature, this BMS introduces a direction-dependent asymmetrical reflection phase response when electromagnetic (EM) waves originating from patch antenna are incident on it from two opposite directions. These EM waves undergo a constant reflection phase of π when it impinges on the BMS at the side of CPL results into a directive beam along the broadside direction. Now, BMS is flipped over patch antenna to illuminate its gradient side (GPL) which facilitates beam in the off-normal direction. Furthermore, beam-steering in the E -plane is obtained by slowly rotating the BMS over patch antenna. Therefore, the proposed configuration can switch/steer the direction of main beam in the elevation plane while maintaining its compact configuration (2.4λ 0 ×2.4λ 0 ×0.5λ 0 ). The design parameters and characteristics of the proposed configuration are also obtained analytically using basic theories of the FP cavity antenna and the phased array.
Exploring the efficacy of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACCA) as a natural compound in strengthening maize resistance against biotic and abiotic stressors: an empirical computational study

Objective This study aims to understand plant-bacteria interactions that enhance plant resistance to environmental stressors, with a focus on maize (Zea mays L.) and its vulnerability to various pathogenic organisms. We examine the potential of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACCA) as a compound to boost maize’s resilience against stressors and pathogens. Background With the growing global population and increased food demand, the study of endophytes, comprising bacteria and fungi, becomes crucial. They reside within plant tissues, affecting their hosts either beneficially or detrimentally. Agrobacteria are of specific interest due to their potential to contribute to developing strategies for plant resistance enhancement. Methods We conducted exhaustive research on the defense-related proteins and mechanisms involved in maize-pathogen interactions. The efficacy of ACCA as a natural-compound that could enhance maize’s resistance was examined. Results Our research indicates that ACCA, having a binding energy of −9.98 kcal/mol, successfully strengthens maize resistance against pathogenic assaults and drought stress. It plays a crucial protective role in maize plants as they mature, outperforming other ligands in its effectiveness to improve productivity and increase yield. Conclusion Applying ACCA to maize plants has considerable potential in enhancing their resilience and tolerance to stress, proving to be an effective strategy to boost crop yield and productivity. This could help address the increasing global food demand. However, more research is needed to optimize ACCA application methods and to gain a comprehensive understanding of its long-term effects on maize cultivations and the environment.
Eye-Hand Coordination and Agility with Basketball Lay-Up Skills: A Correlation Study in Students

The skill of laying up a basketball is one of the important techniques that plays a role in giving pounds or numbers in the game. Therefore, it is necessary to know aspects related to lay up skills. This study aims to prove the relationship between eye-hand coordination and agility with basketball lay-up skills. In this study, a quantitative descriptive approach was used with the correlation study method. The subjects in this study were male students of class VII SMP St. Francis of Assisi Pontianak, totaling 25 male students. Data analysis in this study was assisted by using SPSS Version 26. Results of eye-hand coordination research with lay-up skills showing a significance value of 0.000 > 0.05, there is a significant relationship between eye-hand coordination and lay-up skills in students. agility results with lay-up skills showing a significance value of 0.004 > 0.05, there is a significant relationship between agility and lay-up skills in students. Furthermore, eye-hand coordination and agility with lay-up skills show a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, so there is a significant relationship. The conclusion is that eye-hand coordination and agility have a significant relationship to lay-up skills in students. Keywords : Agility, Basketball, Hand-Eye Coordination, Lay Up Skills
A general design method for tunable microstrip devices at microwave frequency based on liquid crystal technology

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a general design method for microstrip devices using liquid crystal (LC) at microwave frequencies. The method employs lumped element modelling to first optimise the filter at the working frequency. Then EM simulation is used for the second optimisation and the full-wave simulation. LC is used as the tunable material since the anisotropy can be changed with low voltages. The approach of modelling LC as a homogeneous anisotropy demonstrated with Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio is an acceptable approximation, which accurately predicts the tuning range. A new tunable inverted microstrip filter using nematic LCs at millimetre-wave frequencies is designed to verify the method. The proposed design utilises interdigital capacitors in parallel with two inductive loops to form a bandpass filter. It is fabricated and measured, and shows that the centre frequency varies from 5.01 to 5.51 GHz (10% tunability) and achieves a 3-dB bandwidth of 450 MHz, which is in good agreement with simulation results. A finite element simulation is used to investigate the behaviour of LC directors in the fully switched state; the effective permittivity is extracted from finite-element simulation and used in CST to achieve an even more accurate agreement with experimental results. Graphical Abstract
An introduction to trend surface analysis

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