Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lung‐derived growth factor that stimulates the growth of lung‐metastasizing tumor cells: Identification as transferrin

We have previously shown that culture medium conditioned by lung fragments contains mitogenic activity for lung‐metastasizing tumor cells but not for their non‐metastatic counterparts. The growth‐promoting component from media conditioned by rat and porcine lungs has been purified and partially characterized as a Mr ≈ 66,000 (unreduced) or Mr ≈ 72,000 (reduced) glycoprotein [Cancer Res 49:3928, 1989; J Cell Biochem 43:127, 1990]. Here we report that this factor is the iron transport protein transferrin. Migration distances in sodium dodecyl sulfate and native gel polyacrylamide electrophoresis systems were similar, as were the specific activities and spectrum of mitogenic activities of the lung‐derived growth factor and transferrin. Electrophoretically separated holo‐rat transferrin and rat lung‐derived growth factor displayed similar positive stains for iron. A polyclonal antibody generated against the lung‐derived growth factor cross‐reacted with human and rat transferrin in Western blots, and anti‐human transferrin cross‐reacted with rat lung‐derived growth factor. All of the mitogenic activity contained in crude lung conditioned media could be removed by antibody‐mediated transferrin depletion. The putative cell receptor molecular weights for the lung‐derived growth factor and transferrin were similar as were the molecular weights of polypeptides produced by partial trypsin cleavage of the two. Finally, the amino acid sequence of certain regions of rat lung‐derived growth factor demonstrated a high degree of homology of human transferrin. The physical and biochemical properties, antigenicity, and mitogenic activity of a previously unidentified lung‐derived growth factor for lung‐metastasizing tumor cells indicate that it is transferrin.
Causes and Management of Conflicts

In the social sciences and in the law, currently governance is the dominant perspective. Institutions are interpreted as governance tools. This view is helpful, but overly narrow. This paper adds conflict, and conflict management, to the picture. It provides a systematic overview of conceptual tools for understanding conflict, drawing on insights from economics, sociology and psychology. It also surveys competing normative views as to whether, and in which form, conflict is a good or a bad thing. Building on both, it looks at institutions reducing conflict risk, or managing conflict once it breaks out. The paper concludes with asking whether (also) adopting a conflict perspective might be how the law as a field is distinct from the (other) social sciences.
Accelerometer-assisted power efficient Wi-Fi networking on public transportation system

Using mobile devices to access the network service over public transportation system provides ubiquitous network access. Accelerometer has become standard equipment in mobile handheld devices. We proposed a power saving mechanism, AAPS, which integrates accelerometer and Wi-Fi devices to facilitate opportunistic communication while conserving power. In the scenario of BS in the station and MS on the vehicle, MS would idle during the inter-station period and waste a lot of energy. AAPS enables the devices to detect the vibration caused by moving vehicle and stay in sleep mode until the vehicle approaches next station. When MS is approaching or in the stations, accelerometer will trigger the WLAN to connect to BS in the stations. We implemented AAPS and conducted practical experiments on Taipei MRT. The experimental results showed that AAPS can save MS energy consumption without degrading the throughput performance.
A fúria do führer: um estudo das estratégias discursivo-pragmáticas presentes num "viral" do youtube

Some theories concerning presupposition (STRAWSON, 1952; KEENAN, 1971) in enunciates and enunciation scenes (MAING UENEA U, 2008) are revisited in this article, which aims to identify how and where the pragmatic presuppositions appear in a corpus formed by four videos uploaded on Youtube repository. Such videos are part of a viral phenomenon of the internet. All of them reproduce the same scene from the movie The Downfall, adding subtitles in which the original content of the movie is replaced by dialogues about contemporary subjects. The analysis authorizes us to conclude that the Adolf Hitler character, the leading role in the mentioned movie, is transformed via changes in comprehensive and generic scenes, from which it is possible to re-introduce him in certain contexts. In that process, presuppositions emerge in satirical or mocking ways.
A novel passive lossless snubber for current-fed half-bridge isolated dc/dc converter

In this paper, a novel passive lossless snubber is proposed for current-fed half-bridge isolated dc/dc converter. The snubber is composed of two small inductors, three diodes and two capacitors. Compare with traditional hard-switched current-fed half-bridge isolated dc/dc converter, ZVS turned-off for the switches are realized in the proposed converter and the voltage spike of turned-off switch, which caused by the leakage of transformer is alleviated. The operation principles, performance analysis and simulation results with OrCAD/Pspice of the topology are described in detail. A 1000W, 30V-input and ±380V-output prototype has been developed and experimental results validate the analysis and design and the highest efficiency of converter is 92.3%.
Social Support Among Offenders With Substance Abuse Problems: Overlooked and Underused?

The author examined correlates of social support among 101 offenders in corrections-based treatment programs. Respondents perceived high levels of support despite numerous interpersonal problems. Social support was significantly associated with visits, letters, arrests, and days in treatment (p < .05). The author describes strategies for implementing family-oriented interventions in corrections-based programs.
Asymptotic minimax regret for data compression, gambling, and prediction

For problems of data compression, gambling, and prediction of individual sequences x/sub 1/, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, x/sub n/ the following questions arise. Given a target family of probability mass functions p(x/sub 1/, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, x/sub n/|/spl theta/), how do we choose a probability mass function q(x/sub 1/, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, x/sub n/) so that it approximately minimizes the maximum regret/belowdisplayskip10ptminus6pt max (log1/q(x/sub 1/, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, x/sub n/)-log1/p(x/sub 1/, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, x/sub n/|/spl theta//spl circ/)) and so that it achieves the best constant C in the asymptotics of the minimax regret, which is of the form (d/2)log(n/2/spl pi/)+C+o(1), where d is the parameter dimension? Are there easily implementable strategies q that achieve those asymptotics? And how does the solution to the worst case sequence problem relate to the solution to the corresponding expectation version min/sub q/ max/sub 0/ E/sub 0/(log1/q(x/sub 1/, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, x/sub n/)-log1/p(x/sub 1/, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, x/sub n/|/spl theta/))? In the discrete memoryless case, with a given alphabet of size m, the Bayes procedure with the Dirichlet(1/2, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, 1/2) prior is asymptotically maximin. Simple modifications of it are shown to be asymptotically minimax. The best constant is C/sub m/=log(/spl Gamma/(1/2)/sup m//(/spl Gamma/(m/2)) which agrees with the logarithm of the integral of the square root of the determinant of the Fisher information. Moreover, our asymptotically optimal strategies for the worst case problem are also asymptotically optimal for the expectation version. Analogous conclusions are given for the case of prediction, gambling, and compression when, for each observation, one has access to side information from an alphabet of size k. In this setting the minimax regret is shown to be k(m-1)/2logn/2/spl pi/k+kC/sub m/+o(1).
A Facilitation Action of Reserpine on the Central Nervous System

Summary 1. Data are presented to show a facilitation action of reserpine on the central nervous system. The drug hastens the onset of maximal tonic extensor seizures in mice receiving intravenous Metrazol or caffeine (but not strychnine). It lowers the convulsive seizure threshold of mice to electrical stimuli and antagonizes the anticonvulsant action of Dilantin. 2. Some possible mechanisms of action and certain clinical implications of this property of reserpine are suggested.
The Bino-Trinomial Tree: A Simple Model for Efficient and Accurate Option Pricing

A model with a closed-form solution is the Holy Grail of derivatives valuation, because as computers have become increasingly powerful, exact answers to even very complicated formulas can typically be obtained almost instantaneously. Unfortunately, as derivative instruments have become increasingly complicated, closed-form valuation has become increasingly rare. Researchers are now trying to develop more efficient and accurate approximation techniques. Lattice models, such as the classic binomial model of Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein, are among the workhorses of this effort. Lattice models converge to accurate values as the number of node calculations increases, but convergence is often erratic and slow. The biggest problem is that the option payoff between two price nodes can be highly nonlinear, for example when the critical price barrier for a knock-out option falls between two layers of nodes, and a large jump in the computed option value occurs when a small change in the number of time steps causes the critical price to hop from one side of a node to the other. A variety of tricks have been proposed to deal with this problem by adapting the geometry of the lattice to make the nodes land directly on top of the critical prices. Generally this has required the additional flexibility afforded by a trinomial structure rather than the binomial, but that is costly in terms of efficiency. In this article, Dai and Lyuu introduce a new approach that achieves remarkable improvement in efficiency by combining binomial and trinomial structures. Here the trick is to construct a binomial lattice with nodes that land on top of the key prices, but to use a very small amount of trinomial lattice to connect the initial price—the model option value—to the binomial structure. This allows both the best placement of the tree relative to the critical areas and also great efficiency gains because binomial lattice probabilities for the terminal nodes can be computed directly using combinatorial results, skipping over calculations for all of the intermediate time steps.
TECNOLOGIA DE INFORMAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: UMA ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO

Este trabalho, ao inserir-se no campo de estudos que tem procurado apresentar algumas reflexoes sobre as praticas pedagogicas mediadas por novas tecnologias educacionais, procurou desvendar os significados atribuidos por docentes e discentes ao uso da tecnologia de informacao como mediadora da relacao ensino-aprendizagem no curso de administracao da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA). O esforco analitico empreendido neste trabalho revela que as tecnologias de informacao, como mediadoras da relacao ensino-aprendizagem, assumem diferentes significados, tanto para docentes como para discentes. Na percepcao destes atores, as tecnologias de comunicacao e informacao, ao mediar a relacao ensinoaprendizagem em administracao, estimula a busca de novos conhecimentos e melhora da qualidade do ensino. Entretanto, a analise dos resultados desta pesquisa revela que o processo educacional mediado pelas tecnologias de informacao pode encontrar algumas barreiras e limitacoes que estao associadas a infraestrutura tecnologica a pouca experiencia dos docentes e alunos em trabalhar em ambientes de ensinoaprendizagem mediados por tecnologias de informacao.
FERROBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS: A CHEMOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIUM

Investigations into the cause and control of the production of sulfuric acid in effluents of coal mines, and the effects of such effluents upon streams were begun in 1946.1 Working and abandoned mines of Western Pennsylvania alone contribute an estimated million tons of sulfuric acid per year to the drainage area of the Ohio River. A field survey of mine drainage and receiving streams was inaugurated, and the waters were examined by chemical and bacteriological procedures. The sulfuric acid enters the drainage as ferrous sulfate, FeSO4, which is derived from finely dispersed pyrite, FeS2, in the coal and associated rock strata. By inference, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were considered as participating in the oxidation of such pyritic materials, but this was proved to be an erroneous supposition (Leathen, Braley, and McIntyre, 1953). However, in an examination of the drainage from the Bradenville Mine in 1947, the change from ferrous to ferric sulfate was observed to increase more rapidly than could be accounted for by absorption of atmospheric oxygen. From such rapidly oxidizing effluents, it became evident that chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria were associated with bituminous coal mines. One of these microorganisms, described in 1954 (Leathen and Braley), was definitely shown to oxidize ferrous to ferric sulfate and was given the specific name, Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. Physiological studies of this bacterium have been continued, and it is the purpose of this report to describe further this autotroph, which is indigenous in all bituminous coal regions. Such ferruginous waters, being highly acidic, restrict the autotrophic population and usually kill the heterotrophs which normally inhabit streams. To account for the high acidities of some bituminous coal mine drainage, Powell and Parr
Exploring the role of dark tourism in the creation of national identity of young Americans

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of dark tourism in constructing narratives and stories which co-create and reinforce national identity. By focusing on the voice of the tourist and their consumer experience, we develop an understanding of youth behaviours and motivations associated with dark tourism and the effect of social influences in forming narratives. This empirical study comprises 20 interviews with young American dark tourist site visitors, 11 of whom were re-interviewed. The emic insights suggest dark tourism experiences can be used to (re)affirm individual roles, enhance feelings of national identity and co-create a self as well as a national identity. An etic conceptual model is proposed that is specifically designed for dark tourism sites. It provides a novel explanation of national identity co-creation and recognises the relationship between tourist motivation, experience and co-creation.
Design and implementation of Sator: A web service aggregator

Our long-term objective is to develop a general methodology for deploying (Web) service aggregation and adaptation middleware, capable of suitably overcoming syntactic and behavioral mismatches in view of application integration within and across organizational boundaries. This article focuses on describing the core aggregation process, which generates the workflow of a composite service from a set of service workflows to be aggregated and a data-flow mapping linking service parameters.
Overview of interleukin‐18: more than an interferon‐γ inducing factor

Initially described in 1989 as interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) inducing factor (IGIF), interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) is a novel proinflammatory cytokine that is clearly more than an inducer of IFN‐γ The cytokine possesses several biological properties such as activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), Fas ligand expression, the induction of both CC and CXC chemokines, and increased production of competent human immunodeficiency virus. Most activities are due to a receptor complex that recruits the IL‐1 receptor‐activating kinase (IRAK), leading to translocation of NF‐κB. This property and others support the concept that IL‐18 is related to the IL‐1 family. Indeed, one of the IL‐18 receptor chains is the IL‐1 receptor‐related protein, a member of the IL‐1R family. In addition, IL‐18 is structurally similar to IL‐1β and like IL‐1β is first synthesized as a leaderless precursor requiring the IL‐1β converting enzyme for cleavage into an active molecule. The biology of IL‐18 is reviewed in the overview and the implication for a role for this cytokine in disease is presented. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63: 658–664; 1998.
Iron-regulatory gene expression during liver regeneration

Abstract Background. In rat, the first 18–24 h after partial hepatectomy (PH) are characterized by an acute-phase reaction, after which liver regeneration predominates. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces the iron hormone hepcidin, which blocks iron uptake and may compromise iron uptake in the growing liver. The expressions of hepcidin and the iron-regulatory pathway of hepcidin gene expression during the late phase of liver regeneration are unknown. Aim. To characterize the expression pattern of hepcidin and the iron-sensing pathway of hepcidin regulation during liver regeneration. Methods. Rats were subjected to PH or sham operation. Liver weights, number of S-phase nuclei, and serum levels of iron and IL-6 were determined. Messenger-RNA levels of hepcidin, ferritin, hemojuvelin, transferrin receptor 1 and 2, HFE, divalent metal transporter 1, ferroportin, and ceruloplasmin were determined with qPCR at different time points. Protein levels of STAT3 and SMAD4 were determined with western blot. Results. During the acute-phase response, IL-6 release induced STAT3 protein and hepcidin mRNA, whereas mRNA levels of proteins in the iron-sensing pathway (HFE, hemojuvelin, and transferrin receptor 2) decreased. The mRNA levels of proteins involved in cellular iron uptake were increased and cellular iron export unchanged. During liver regeneration >24 h after PH, gene expressions in the iron-sensing pathway were continuously suppressed and hepcidin mRNA levels declined 3–7 days after surgery. Conclusions. Hepcidin gene expression peaks during the acute-phase response, but a sustained down-regulation of the iron-sensing pathway of hepcidin regulation gradually reduces hepcidin gene expression until regeneration is complete, thereby promoting iron mobilization to the regenerating liver.
Suppression of Coronary Artery Spasm by the Rho-Kinase Inhibitor Fasudil in Patients With Vasospastic Angina

Background—Increased activity of Rho-kinase causes hypercontraction of vascular smooth muscle and has been implicated as playing a pathogenetic role in divergent cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery spasm. We examined whether an intracoronary infusion of fasudil, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, would attenuate coronary vasoconstrictor responses to acetylcholine (ACh) in patients with vasospastic angina. Methods and Results—We studied 20 consecutive patients in whom coronary artery spasm was provoked by intracoronary ACh. The patients underwent a second ACh challenge after pretreatment with intracoronary saline (n=5) or fasudil (n=15; 300 &mgr;g/min for 15 minutes). Angina and coronary vasospasm were reproducibly induced by the second testing in patients who received saline. In contrast, fasudil markedly attenuated the coronary constriction induced by ACh (P <0.001) and prevented the occurrence of chest pain and ischemic ECG changes in all treated patients (both P <0.01 versus saline). Fasudil, at the dose used in this study, did not significantly change systemic hemodynamics or baseline coronary blood flow. Conclusions—Fasudil was effective in preventing ACh-induced coronary artery spasm and resultant myocardial ischemia in patients with vasospastic angina. We suggest that this Rho-kinase inhibitor may be a novel therapeutic intervention to treat ischemic coronary syndromes caused by coronary artery spasm.
Progress in the materials science of silicene

Abstract In its freestanding, yet hypothetical form, the Si counterpart of graphene called silicene is predicted to possess massless Dirac fermions and to exhibit an experimentally accessible quantum spin Hall effect. Such interesting electronic properties are not realized in two-dimensional (2D) Si honeycomb lattices prepared recently on metallic substrates where the crystal and hybrid electronic structures of these ‘epitaxial silicene’ phases are strongly influenced by the substrate, and thus different from those predicted for isolated 2D structures. While the realization of such low-dimensional Si π materials has hardly been imagined previously, it is evident that the materials science behind silicene remains challenging. In this contribution, we will review our recent results that lead to an enhanced understanding of epitaxial silicene formed on diboride thin films, and discuss the remaining challenges that must be addressed in order to turn Si 2D nanostructures into technologically interesting nanoelectronic materials.
Novel room temperature multiferroics for random access memory elements

We have fabricated a variety of PZT-PFW (PbZr<sub>0.52</sub>Ti<sub>0.48</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>1_x</sub>(PbFe<sub>2/3</sub>W<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)x [PZTFWx; 0.2 <; × <; 0.4] single-phase tetragonal ferroelectrics via chemical solution deposition [polycrystalline] and pulsed laser deposition [epitaxial] onto Pt/Ti/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si(100) and SrTiO<sub>3</sub>/Si substrates. These exhibit ferroelectricity and (weak) ferromagnetism above room temperature with strain coupling via electrostriction and magnetostriction. Application of modest magnetic field strength (μoH <; 1.0 T) destabilizes the long-range ferroelectric ordering and switches the polarization from approximately 22 μC/cm<sup>2</sup> (0.22 C/m<sup>2</sup>) to zero (relaxor state). This offers the possibility of three-state logic (+P, 0, -P) and magnetically switched polarizations. Because the switching is of large magnitude (unlike the very small nanocoulomb per centimeter squared values in terbium manganites) and at room-temperature, commercial devices should be possible.
Attitudes and perceptions of influenza vaccination among Hong Kong doctors and medical students before the 2009 pandemic.

BACKGROUND Vaccination is an important preventive measure for preparing against the influenza pandemics. This study investigated the attitudes and perceptions of influenza vaccination among doctors and medical students in Hong Kong. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 204 doctors and 242 medical students in a teaching hospital in 2009. Participants' demographic and job characteristics, and influenza experience and vaccination in the previous year were assessed in the questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between uptake of influenza vaccination and the perceived benefits. RESULTS Medical students were more likely to have receive an influenza vaccination in the previous year (66.9 vs. 39.7%) and acknowledged the related benefits than doctors. Moreover, uptake of influenza vaccine was associated with perceived benefits of vaccination in both doctors and medical students. CONCLUSIONS The perceived benefits of influenza vaccination are an important factor in vaccine uptake for both doctors and medical students in Hong Kong, and should be reinforced in the professional training.
Biomedical engineering and materials for orthopaedic implants.

Reviews orthopaedic implants from a materials science viewpoint. Historical developments from early attempts, e.g. by Carnochan (1860) who used wood, to modern methods and materials for bone and joint replacement are discussed. The use of finite element analysis for stress and strain studies is mentioned. Materials considered include plastics, carbon, ceramics and synthetic compounds. Metals are briefly mentioned.