Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous Immunization with Unaltered Axenic Malaria Parasite Liver Stages Induces Sterile Protection against Infectious Sporozoite Challenge

Host cell-free, axenic development of liver stages (LS) of the malaria parasite has been demonstrated. Here we explored axenic liver stages as a novel live whole parasite malaria vaccine platform, which is unaltered and not prone to human-error, compared to the immunization with live-attenuated sporozoites that must be done intravenously. We show that in contrast to live sporozoites, axenic LS are not infectious to the immunized host. Subcutaneous immunizations of mice with Plasmodium yoelii axenic LS, developed from wild-type (WT) sporozoites or WT sporozoites expressing enhanced-GFP, conferred sterile protection against P. yoelii infectious sporozoite challenge. Thus, axenic liver stages of P. falciparum and P. vivax might constitute an attractive alternative to live sporozoite immunization.
BORON ABUNDANCES ACROSS THE “Li–Be DIP” IN THE HYADES CLUSTER

Dramatic deficiencies of Li in the mid-F dwarf stars of the Hyades cluster were discovered by Boesgaard & Tripicco. Boesgaard & King discovered corresponding, but smaller, deficiencies in Be in the same narrow temperature region in the Hyades. Using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, we investigate B abundances in the Hyades F stars to look for a potential B dip using the B i resonance line at 2496.8 Å. The light elements Li, Be, and B are destroyed inside stars at increasingly hotter temperatures: 2.5, 3.5, and 5 × 106 K, respectively. Consequently, these elements survive to increasingly greater depths in a star and their surface abundances indicate the depth and thoroughness of mixing in the star. We have (re)determined Li abundances/upper limits for 79 Hyades dwarfs, Be for 43 stars, and B for 5 stars. We find evidence for a small drop in the B abundance across the Li–Be dip. The B abundances for the four stars in the temperature range 6100–6730 K fit the B–Be correlation found previously by Boesgaard et al. Models of rotational mixing produce good agreement with the relative depletions of Be and B in the dip region. We have compared our nLTE B abundances for the three high B stars on either side of the Li–Be dip with those found by Duncan et al. for the two Hyades giants. This confirms the factor of 10 decline in the B abundance in the Hyades giants as predicted by dilution due to the deepening of the surface convection zone.
Lattice QCD computation of the color fields for the static hybrid quark-gluon-antiquark system, and microscopic study of the Casimir scaling

The chromoelectric and chromomagnetic fields, created by a static gluon-quark-antiquark system, are computed in quenched SU(3) lattice QCD, in a 24{sup 3}x48 lattice at {beta}=6.2 and a=0.07261(85) fm. We compute the hybrid Wilson loop with two spatial geometries, one with a U shape and another with an L shape. The particular cases of the two-gluon glueball and quark-antiquark are also studied, and the Casimir scaling is investigated in a microscopic perspective. This microscopic study of the color fields is relevant to understanding the structure of hadrons, in particular, the hybrid excitation of mesons. This also contributes to understanding confinement with flux tubes and to discriminating between the models of fundamental versus adjoint confining strings, analogous to type-II and type-I superconductivity.
Categorization of emotions in dog behavior based on the deep neural network

The aim of this article is to present a neural system based on stock architecture for recognizing emotional behavior in dogs. Our considerations are inspired by the original work of Franzoni et al. on recognizing dog emotions. An appropriate set of photographic data has been compiled taking into account five classes of emotional behavior in dogs of one breed, including joy, anger, licking, yawning, and sleeping. Focusing on a particular breed makes it easier to experiment and recognize the emotional behavior of dogs. To broaden our conclusions, in our research study we compare our system with other systems of different architectures. In addition, we also use modern transfer learning with augmentation and data normalization techniques. The results show that VGG16 and VGG19 are the most suitable backbone networks. Therefore, a certain deep neural network, named mVGG16, based on the suboptimal VGG16 has been created, trained and fine‐tuned with transfer (without augmentation and normalization). The developed system is then tested against an internal test dataset. In addition, to show the robustness of the system, a set of external data outside the breed is also taken into account. Being able to detect unsafe dog behavior and rely on a generalization for other breeds is worth popularizing. Equally important are the possible applications of the system to monitor the behavior of pets in the absence of their owners.
Non-relativistic gravitation: from Newton to Einstein and back

We present an improvement to the classical effective theory approach to the non-relativistic or post-Newtonian approximation of general relativity. The ‘potential metric field’ is decomposed through a temporal Kaluza–Klein ansatz into three non-relativistic gravity (NRG) fields: a scalar identified with the Newtonian potential, a 3-vector corresponding to the gravito-magnetic vector potential and a 3-tensor. The derivation of the Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann Lagrangian simplifies such that each term corresponds to a single Feynman diagram providing a clear physical interpretation. Spin interactions are dominated by the exchange of the gravito-magnetic field. Leading correction diagrams corresponding to the 3PN correction to the spin–spin interaction and the 2.5PN correction to the spin–orbit interaction are presented.
Marine Le Pen can breach her glass ceiling: The drastic effect of differentiated abstention

Ranges of differentiated abstention are shown to reverse an "exact" poll estimate on voting day allowing the minority candidate to win the election. In a two-candidate competition A and B with voting intentions at $I_a$, $I_b=1-I_a$ and respective turnout at $x$ and $y$, there exists a critical value $I_{ac}$ for which $I_{ac} \frac{1}{2}$. The reversal may occur without any change of individual choices. Accordingly, for a set of turnouts $x$ and $y$ the minimum voting intention $I_{ac}$ required for A to win the final vote can be calculated. The various ranges of $x$ and $y$ for which $I_{Ac}$ is smaller than the expected 50\% barrier are determined. The calculations are applied to the coming 2017 French presidential election for a second round scenario involving the National Front candidate Marine Le Pen against either the Right candidate Francois Fillon or the Center candidate Emmanuel Macron. Several realistic conditions are found to make Marine Le Pen win the election despite voting intentions about only 40-45\%.
THE SUB-mJy RADIO POPULATION OF THE E-CDFS: OPTICAL AND INFRARED COUNTERPART IDENTIFICATION

We study a sample of 883 sources detected in a deep Very Large Array survey at 1.4 GHz in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South. This paper focuses on the identification of their optical and infrared (IR) counterparts. We use a likelihood-ratio technique that is particularly useful when dealing with deep optical images to minimize the number of spurious associations. We find a reliable counterpart for 95% of our radio sources. Most of the counterparts (74%) are detected at optical wavelengths, but there is a significant fraction (21%) that are only detectable in the IR. Combining newly acquired optical spectra with data from the literature, we are able to assign a redshift to 81% of the identified radio sources (37% spectroscopic). We also investigate the X-ray properties of the radio sources using the Chandra 4 Ms and 250 ks observations. In particular, we use a stacking technique to derive the average properties of radio objects undetected in the Chandra images. The results of our analysis are collected in a new catalog containing the position of the optical/IR counterpart, the redshift information, and the X-ray fluxes. It is the deepest multi-wavelength catalog of radio sources, which will be used for future study of this galaxy population.
Measurement of the Filling Degree and Droplet Size of Individual Double Emulsion Droplets Using Raman Technologies

Double emulsions arouse great interest in various industries due to their ability to encapsulate value-adding ingredients. However, they tend to be unstable due to their complex structure. Several measurement techniques have already been developed to study and monitor the stability of double emulsions. Especially for the measurement of the filling degree of double emulsions, so far there is no reliable method available. In this paper, a measurement system is presented that can measure the filling degree of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions by both spectrometrical and photometrical means. The method is based on the Raman effect and does not require any sample preparation, and the measurement has no negative influence on the double emulsion. It is shown that both spectrometric and photometric Raman techniques can reliably distinguish between double emulsions with filling degrees that have a 0.5% difference. Additionally, oil droplet sizes can be photometrically measured. Furthermore, the measurement system can be integrated into both inline and online emulsification processes.
Buffy Coat Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Alterations in Host Cell Protein Synthesis and Cell Cycle in Severe COVID-19 Patients

Transcriptome studies have reported the dysregulation of cell cycle-related genes and the global inhibition of host mRNA translation in COVID-19 cases. However, the key genes and cellular mechanisms that are most affected by the severe outcome of this disease remain unclear. For this work, the RNA-seq approach was used to study the differential expression in buffy coat cells of two groups of people infected with SARS-CoV-2: (a) Mild, with mild symptoms; and (b) SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), who were admitted to the intensive care unit with the severe COVID-19 outcome. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1009 up-regulated and 501 down-regulated genes in the SARS group, with 10% of both being composed of long non-coding RNA. Ribosome and cell cycle pathways were enriched among down-regulated genes. The most connected proteins among the differentially expressed genes involved transport dysregulation, proteasome degradation, interferon response, cytokinesis failure, and host translation inhibition. Furthermore, interactome analysis showed Fibrillarin to be one of the key genes affected by SARS-CoV-2. This protein interacts directly with the N protein and long non-coding RNAs affecting transcription, translation, and ribosomal processes. This work reveals a group of dysregulated processes, including translation and cell cycle, as key pathways altered in severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Reconstructed sunspot positions in the Maunder minimum based on the correspondence of Gottfried Kirch

We present reconstructed sunspot positions based on observations reported in letters between Gottfried Kirch and other contemporary astronomers from AD 1680 to 1709, i.e. in the last decades of the Maunder Minimum. The letters were compiled and edited by Herbst (2006). The letters (and observations) from Kirch are mostly by Gottfried Kirch, but some also by his 2nd wife Maria M. Kirch (married 1692) and their son Christfried Kirch (born 1694). Using excerpts from the letters, some with drawings, we found some 35 sunspot groups (often for several days in a row or with interruptions) by Kirch and/or his letter partners (in three cases, only the month is given: 1704 Jan, Feb, 1707 Mar, otherwise always the exact dates) - usually one group at a time. We also found 17 explicit spotless days, several of them new (previously without any known observations). We could constrain the heliographic latitude by Bayesian inference for 19 sunspot groups - five of them completely new (one group 1680 May 20-22 from Kirch and Ihle, one to two groups 1680 Jun 15-23 for Kirch, one group 1684 May 6 from Ihle, and one group 1688 Dec 14-15 from Kirch), while the others mostly agree (within 2sigma) with previously published values for those dates by others. With these data, we then amend the butterfly diagram for the Maunder Minimum. By comparison of our data with the sunspot group catalog in Hoyt & Schatten (1998), we noticed a number of discrepancies, e.g. that dates for British observers in the Maunder Minimum (Flamsteed, Caswell, Derham, Stannyan, Gray, and Sharp) as listed in Hoyt & Schatten (1998) are their original Julian dates, not converted to the Gregorian calendar (10-11 day offset in Hoyt & Schatten). Most of these modifications also apply to the modified sunspot group catalog in Vaquero et al. (2016). We also present two aurorae observed by the Kirchs in 1707 and 1716.
Non-Gaussian bubbles in the sky

We point out a possible generation mechanism of non-Gaussian bubbles in the sky due to bubble nucleation in the early universe. We consider a curvaton scenario for inflation and assume that the curvaton field ϕ, whose energy density is subdominant during inflation but which is responsible for the curvature perturbation of the universe, is coupled to another field σ which undergoes false vacuum decay through quantum tunneling. For this model, we compute the skewness of the curvaton fluctuations due to its interaction with σ during tunneling, that is, on the background of an instanton solution that describes false vacuum decay. We find that the resulting skewness of the curvaton can become large in the spacetime region inside the bubble. We then compute the corresponding skewness in the statistical distribution of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuations. We find a non-vanishing skewness in a bubble-shaped region in the sky. It can be large enough to be detected in the near future, and if detected it will bring us invaluable information about the physics in the early universe.
Hamiltonian distributed chaos in the north-south dipole and quadrupole teleconnections

It is shown that the north-south teleconnections in the northern hemisphere: North Atlantic (NAO), East Pacific (EPO), Western Pacific (WPO) dipole oscillations and Pacific/North American quadrupole pattern (PNA), are dominated by the Hamiltonian distributed chaos on the daily to intraseasonal time scales. Differences of the chaotic properties of the dipole and quadrupole oscillations as well as their relation to the surface air temperature have been briefly discussed. A chaotic spectral affinity of the PNA quadrupole pattern to the Arctic Oscillation and the Greenland blocking phenomenon have been considered in this context.
Vacuum stabilized by anomalous magnetic moment

An analytical result for Euler-Heisenberg effective action, valid for electron spin $g-$factor $|g| 2$ via discovered periodicity of the effective action. This allows for a simplified computation of vacuum instability modified by the electrons measured $g=2.002319$. We find a strong suppression of vacuum decay into electron positron pairs when magnetic fields are dominant. The result is reminiscent of mass catalysis by magnetic fields.
Large-scale filaments associated with Milky Way spiral arms

We are grateful to Mark Reid for discussion on Galactic spiral arms and kinematic distance, and to Phil Myers, Andreas Burkert, Thomas Henning, Henrik Beuther, Sarah Ragan, and John Bally for inspiring discussion. We appreciate an anonymous referee's valuable comments that helped clarify the manuscript. KW and AG acknowledge support from the ESO fellowship. This study is part of the research project WA3628-1/1 led by KW through the DFG priority programme 1573 (‘Physics of the Interstellar Medium’). Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. This publication is based on data acquired with the APEX through ESO programme 092.C-0713. APEX is a collaboration between the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, the European Southern Observatory, and the Onsala Space Observatory. This publication makes use of molecular line data from the Boston University-FCRAO GRS. The GRS is a joint project of Boston University and Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory, funded by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-9800334, AST-0098562, and AST-0100793. This research made use of open-source python packages astropy (astropy.org), glue (glueviz.org) and pvextractor ( pvextractor.readthedocs.org ).
Servant Leadership and Knowledge Management; What Leads to Frugal Innovation?

Frugal innovation is an emerging term, and since the last decade, many studies have been focusing on this type of innovation. Therefore, this research has also directed attention towards frugal innovation. First of all, it studied the effect of servant leadership on knowledge management, and then the relationship between knowledge management and frugal innovation was measured. Moreover, the relationship described above was examined by moderating the role of innovation capabilities and technology turbulence. The data were collected from Sports equipment manufacturing companies in China, and to analyze the data, AMOS was used. The results highlighted a positive relationship between servant leadership and knowledge management, and this management has a significant and positive relation with frugal innovation. In addition, the technology turbulence and innovation capabilities can strengthen the relationship between knowledge management and frugal innovation. Despite highlighting the broad areas and developing a comprehensive model, this research has several limitations which are future directions for further studies. This research focused on sports equipment manufacturing companies, and future studies can highlight the perspective of other companies. In addition, entrepreneurial orientation can be considered as mediating variable as it can be affected by knowledge management and affect frugal innovation. The study is the first to link servant leadership with knowledge management which can lead to frugal innovation.
Optimal state discrimination and unstructured search in nonlinear quantum mechanics

Nonlinear variants of quantum mechanics can solve tasks that are impossible in standard quantum theory, such as perfectly distinguishing nonorthogonal states. Here we derive the optimal protocol for distinguishing two states of a qubit using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, a model of nonlinear quantum mechanics that arises as an effective description of Bose-Einstein condensates. Using this protocol, we present an algorithm for unstructured search in the Gross-Pitaevskii model, obtaining an exponential improvement over a previous algorithm of Meyer and Wong. This result establishes a limitation on the effectiveness of the Gross-Pitaevskii approximation. More generally, we demonstrate similar behavior under a family of related nonlinearities, giving evidence that the ability to quickly discriminate nonorthogonal states and thereby solve unstructured search is a generic feature of nonlinear quantum mechanics.
An Experimental Study on Light Speech Features for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting

Keyword spotting (KWS) is, in many instances, intended to run on smart electronic devices characterized by limited computational resources. To meet computational constraints, a series of techniques —ranging from feature and acoustic model parameter quantization to the reduction of the number of model parameters and required multiplications— has been explored in the literature. With this same aim, in this paper, we study a straightforward alternative consisting of the reduction of the spectro/cepstro-temporal resolution of log-Mel and Mel-frequency cepstral coefﬁcient feature matrices commonly employed in KWS. We show that the feature matrix size has a strong impact on the number of multiplications/energy consumption of a state-of-the-art KWS acoustic model based on convolutional neural network. Experimental results demonstrate that the number of elements in commonly used speech feature matrices can be reduced by a factor of 8 while essentially maintaining KWS performance. Even more interest-ingly, this size reduction leads to a 9.6 × number of multiplications/energy consumption, 4.0 × training time and 3.7 × inference time reduction.
A SPITZER IRS STUDY OF INFRARED VARIABILITY IN TRANSITIONAL AND PRE-TRANSITIONAL DISKS AROUND T TAURI STARS

We present a Spitzer IRS study of variability in 14 T Tauri stars in the Taurus and Chamaeleon star-forming regions. The sample is composed of transitional and pre-transitional objects which contain holes and gaps in their disks. We detect variability between 5 and 38 μm in all but two of our objects on timescales of 2–3 years. Most of the variability observed can be classified as seesaw behavior, whereby the emission at shorter wavelengths varies inversely with the emission at longer wavelengths. For many of the objects we can reasonably reproduce the observed variability using irradiated disk models, particularly by changing the height of the inner disk wall by ∼20%. When the inner wall is taller, the emission at the shorter wavelengths is higher since the inner wall dominates the emission at 2–8 μm. The taller inner wall casts a larger shadow on the outer disk wall, leading to less emission at wavelengths beyond 20 μm where the outer wall dominates. We discuss how the possible presence of planets in these disks could lead to warps that cause changes in the height of the inner wall. We also find that crystalline silicates are common in the outer disks of our objects and that in the four disks in the sample with the most crystalline silicates, variability on timescales of 1 week is present. In addition to explaining the infrared variability described above, planets can create shocks and collisions which can crystallize the dust and lead to short timescale variability.
Application of Phanerochaete chrysopsorium-Based Carbon Paste Electrode as an Electrochemical Sensor for Voltammetric Detection of Hg (II) in Chlor-Alkali Industrial Effluent

In this study, an electrochemical sensor for the monitoring of Hg (II) at trace levels by using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry has been reported. Basically the electrochemical sensor is a Phanerochaete chrysosporium-based carbon paste electrode. Here, Phanerochaete chrysosporium has played a new vital role in electrochemical detection of heavy metal apart from its known contribution in their removal. Optimal voltammetric response was observed at −0.7 V deposition potential l, 5% biomass concentration ratio (w/w), and neutral pH conditions with 12 min as the accumulation time. Selectivity was evaluated in the presence of different interfering cations. Linear range was observed for 5–50 µgL−1 of metal concentration with a detection limit of 4.4 µgL−1. The equivalence of new and reference analytical methods was statistically assessed in mercury samples collected from chlor-alkali industrial effluent by correlation of results (Pearson’s product-moment correlation), weighted Deming regression analysis, paired comparison test, relative standard deviation (RSD), median relative error (MRE), root mean square error (RMSE), and predicted residual sum of square (PRESS). This work presented a simple, efficient, and promising analytical tool in trace level detection of Hg (II), as compared to previously reported carbon paste electrodes based on biological material.