Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rumors and Social Networks

Why do people spread rumors? This paper studies the transmission of possibly false information---by rational agents who seek the truth. Unbiased agents earn payoffs when a collective decision is correct in that it matches the true state of the world, which is initially unknown. One agent learns the underlying state and chooses whether to send a true or false message to her friends and neighbors who then decide whether or not to transmit it further. The papers hows how a social network can serve as a filter. Agents block messages from parts of the network that contain many biased agents; the messages that circulate may be incorrect but sufficiently informative as to the correct decision.
An Updated Definition of Stroke for the 21st Century: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Despite the global impact and advances in understanding the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases, the term “stroke” is not consistently defined in clinical practice, in clinical research, or in assessments of the public health. The classic definition is mainly clinical and does not account for advances in science and technology. The Stroke Council of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association convened a writing group to develop an expert consensus document for an updated definition of stroke for the 21st century. Central nervous system infarction is defined as brain, spinal cord, or retinal cell death attributable to ischemia, based on neuropathological, neuroimaging, and/or clinical evidence of permanent injury. Central nervous system infarction occurs over a clinical spectrum: Ischemic stroke specifically refers to central nervous system infarction accompanied by overt symptoms, while silent infarction by definition causes no known symptoms. Stroke also broadly includes intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The updated definition of stroke incorporates clinical and tissue criteria and can be incorporated into practice, research, and assessments of the public health.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION COMPETENCIES AND PROGRESS TOWARD A DOCTORAL DEGREE

This study was designed to describe the compilation of doctoral students’ knowledge, skill, and abilities as they progressed toward a degree in agricultural education. A census of beginning, middle, and end of program doctoral students at Texas A&M University was conducted. An 85% response rate was achieved. Data for the study were collected by mailed questionnaire and online through the Internet. Study findings showed that as doctoral students progressed toward a degree, their Foundations Knowledge, Applications Knowledge, International Knowledge, Social Skills, Content Skills, Process Skills, Complex Problem-Solving Skills, Systems Skills, Resource Management Skills, Verbal Abilities, Idea Generation and Reasoning Abilities, Auditory and Speech Abilities, Attentiveness Abilities, and Perception Abilities increased. Recommendations for validating and authenticating study findings are provided. This study provides a model for benchmarking competencies and provides a taxonomy from which to study and understand/consider agricultural education competencies.
Substance Abuse Treatment Outcomes for Adolescents With Violent Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether substance-abusing adolescents with co-occurring violent behaviors showed reduction in these behaviors after exposure to outpatient drug treatment. Using a longitudinal research design, adolescents were classified based on 3 levels of the violence reported at intake and were assessed at 3 and 6 months following intake. The high-violence group showed significant reductions in the frequency of substance use, substance-related problems, and violence over time. The study shows that participation in outpatient substance abuse treatment may be associated with improved outcomes for adolescents with co-occurring substance abuse and violent behaviors.
Immunogenic Targets for Specific Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease although the prognosis has been improved by novel therapeutics and agents recently. Relapse occurs in the majority of patients and becomes fatal finally. Immunotherapy might be a powerful intervention to maintain a long-lasting control of minimal residual disease or to even eradicate disseminated tumor cells. Several tumor-associated antigens have been identified in patients with multiple myeloma. These antigens are expressed in a tumor-specific or tumor-restricted pattern, are able to elicit immune response, and thus could serve as targets for immunotherapy. This review discusses immunogenic antigens with therapeutic potential for multiple myeloma.
Host responses influence on the induction of lambda prophage

Inactivation of bacteriophage lambda CI repressor leads almost exclusively to lytic development. Prophage induction can be initiated either by DNA damage or by heat treatment of a temperature‐sensitive repressor. These two treatments also cause a concurrent activation of either the host SOS or heat‐shock stress responses respectively. We studied the effects of these two methods of induction on the lytic pathway by monitoring the activation of different lambda promoters, and found that the lambda genetic network co‐ordinates information from the host stress response networks. Our results show that the function of the CII transcriptional activator, which facilitates the lysogenic developmental pathway, is not observed following either method of induction. Mutations in the cro gene restore the CII function irrespective of the induction method. Deletion of the heat‐shock protease gene ftsH can also restore CII function following heat induction but not following SOS induction. Our findings highlight the importance of the elimination of CII function during induction as a way to ensure an efficient lytic outcome. We also show that, despite the common inhibitory effect on CII function, there are significant differences in the heat‐ and SOS‐induced pathways leading to the lytic cascade.
Activation émotionnelle chez les troubles de personnalité

Six traitements psychotherapiques des troubles de personnalite sont brievement presentes dans cette revue de la litterature. Ces traitements se basent sur des modeles theoriques differents, les approches cognitive-comportementale, psychodynamique et interpersonnelle et ont deja fait leurs preuves cliniques et empiriques en termes de leur efficacite. Se centrant sur les processus de changement therapeutique, les auteurs emettent l’hypothese que le processus d’activation emotionnelle est l’un des ingredients les plus interessants de ces traitements. Les traitements sont discutes sous l’angle de cette hypothese et de ses implications cliniques.
BMN 673, a Novel and Highly Potent PARP1/2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Human Cancers with DNA Repair Deficiency

Purpose: PARP1/2 inhibitors are a class of anticancer agents that target tumor-specific defects in DNA repair. Here, we describe BMN 673, a novel, highly potent PARP1/2 inhibitor with favorable metabolic stability, oral bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic properties. Experimental Design: Potency and selectivity of BMN 673 was determined by biochemical assays. Anticancer activity either as a single-agent or in combination with other antitumor agents was evaluated both in vitro and in xenograft cancer models. Results: BMN 673 is a potent PARP1/2 inhibitor (PARP1 IC50 = 0.57 nmol/L), but it does not inhibit other enzymes that we have tested. BMN 673 exhibits selective antitumor cytotoxicity and elicits DNA repair biomarkers at much lower concentrations than earlier generation PARP1/2 inhibitors (such as olaparib, rucaparib, and veliparib). In vitro, BMN 673 selectively targeted tumor cells with BRCA1, BRCA2, or PTEN gene defects with 20- to more than 200-fold greater potency than existing PARP1/2 inhibitors. BMN 673 is readily orally bioavailable, with more than 40% absolute oral bioavailability in rats when dosed in carboxylmethyl cellulose. Oral administration of BMN 673 elicited remarkable antitumor activity in vivo; xenografted tumors that carry defects in DNA repair due to BRCA mutations or PTEN deficiency were profoundly sensitive to oral BMN 673 treatment at well-tolerated doses in mice. Synergistic or additive antitumor effects were also found when BMN 673 was combined with temozolomide, SN38, or platinum drugs. Conclusion: BMN 673 is currently in early-phase clinical development and represents a promising PARP1/2 inhibitor with potentially advantageous features in its drug class. Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 5003–15. ©2013 AACR.
Seguimiento de los efectos de una intervención psicosocial sobre la adaptación académica, emocional y social de niños con TDAH

Psychosocial intervention follow-up in children with ADHD: Effects on academic, emotional and social functioning. The aim of this investigation was to analyze the maintenance of the effects, one year after its conclusion, of an intervention that integrated three coordinated programs, implemented with 27 children with ADHD, aged between 7 and 10 years, their parents and teachers. The intervention lasted 10 weeks and included behavior-modification and cognitive-behavioral techniques, academic adaptations and social skills. We evaluated the effects on academic, emotional and social adjustment from the information provided by parents, teachers and classmates. The results confirm the maintenance in the follow-up evaluation of the improvements experienced after the treatment, especially in the academic and social areas, in which these children displayed the greatest difficulties.
MR imaging in cerebral gliomas analysis of tumour tissue components.

The aim of this investigation was to assess the capacity of MR imaging to identify the tumour components of cerebral gliomas and thus to grade and delineate these tumours. A comparative analysis between MR examinations and histopathologic whole-brain sections was performed in 5 brain specimens from patients with malignant glial tumours. All cases were examined with MR imaging in vitro. In 2 cases a close comparison with the MR examination in vivo was also possible. The homogeneous hypercellular tumour core was not an isolated entity with typical signal characteristics in any sequence used. However, the tumour core was better observed in T2WI than in T1WI or PDWI, its signal characteristics both in vitro and in vivo being more hypointense than the peritumoural oedema. The use of image subtraction and T2 maps in combination with T2WI increased our capacity to correctly distinguish the most malignant part, compared with using each of these methods separately. In all cases, benign-looking tumour cells were found in the most peripheral aspects of the peritumoural oedema. These cells were not separately identified by any MR sequence or MR imaging method used. In 4 of the 5 cases of malignant glial tumours, we found isolated tumour cells and even larger tumour cell areas, though consisting of benign-looking cells, in areas that were visualized as normal in all sequences and MR imaging methods used. In all cases the necroses were heterogeneous. This heterogeneity was best reflected in the T2WI. Necroses were the most conspicuous tumour components in cases of malignant glioma and best reflected the underlying heterogeneous histopathology. A comparison between contrast-enhanced CT, Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-L-methionine was performed in 14 patients. In all patients except one, the area of increased 11C-L-methionine accumulation on PET, indicating viable tumour tissue, was the same size as, or larger than the extension of the contrast enhancement on both CT and MR. Contrast-enhanced MR and CT gave similar results as regards tumour extension. The increase in signal intensity 5 min post-contrast tended to be greater in the high-grade than in the low-grade tumour group. In order to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of formalin fixation on T1 and T2 of cerebral grey and white matter, MR imaging was also performed in 5 whole-brain specimens from patients with no known brain disease. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Base Station Operation and User Association in HetNets: Complexity and Heuristic Algorithms

This paper studies the base station operation and association problem for energy-efficient heterogeneous cellular networks. The objective is to find a set of base stations to activate and to associate users to base stations under minimum rate requirements. The problem is formulated as a nonconvex program and is shown to be NP-hard. Then, the problem is reduced to a base station operation problem where the association of users becomes straightforward. Based on this reduction, a brute force algorithm is developed and its complexity is discussed. To solve the problem efficiently in polynomial-time, an heuristic algorithm is proposed. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and compares it to the brute force algorithm and a benchmark algorithm.
Task-based learning and teaching in China: Secondary school teachers’ beliefs and practices

While much has been written about task-based language teaching (TBLT), research examining teachers’ understandings of what TBLT means remains limited. This article explores the understandings of TBLT of three Chinese secondary school teachers of English and the implementation of TBLT in their lessons. Narrative accounts were constructed for each teacher using observational data from two lessons and two semi-structured interviews. These accounts illustrate how each teacher implemented the curriculum as well as the cognitive and contextual factors that shaped their decisions with specific reference to the use of tasks. One key finding is that TBLT was defined in a narrow manner and was strongly associated with communicative activities, especially oral work involving pair and group work. The study also shows that the two more experienced teachers introduced a stronger formal element of grammar into their lessons than recommended by the curriculum; and while all three teachers highlighted the challenges for them in using tasks (e.g. due to large classes), the youngest of the three displayed most commitment to the principles in the curriculum. The qualitative accounts we present here are empirically instructive in the way they extend our understandings of how teachers respond to innovative curricula and specifically to TBLT; these accounts also have concrete practical value: they are a source of material that can be used in teacher education contexts to encourage teachers to reflect on their own beliefs and practices in relation to TBLT.
How Does Gender Inequality in Employment and Earnings Vary by Educational Stratum in Sweden and the United States?

In this article, we compare how gender inequality in labor force participation and earnings vary by educational level in Sweden and the United States, focusing on "prime age" individuals from twenty-five to fifty-four who have at least one child in their household. We also examine how educational differences in gender inequality vary across the life cycle. We show that in both nations more highly educated women are more likely to be employed than less educated women, and that this tendency dates back at least several decades. As a consequence of their higher labor force participation, we find that highly educated women have higher annual earnings than less educated women. But, of course, so do men. When we assess how these patterns vary across the life cycle, we find that educational differentials in women's labor force participation persist throughout the life cycle but do not increase much with age. In both nations, highly educated women experience larger earnings increases with age, but this is even more true for men, so there is no tendency for any gender equality advantage of the highly educated to increase with age; instead, there is a slight decrease. Overall, the earnings advantages of highly educated over less educated women, absolutely or relative to men, are much greater in the United States than Sweden.
Improving services to gay and lesbian clients

Throughout the past decade, homoThis problem may be related to the sexuals and advocates of the rights of Puritan perspective that is widespread homosexuals have accused the social in the United States. A large number of work profession of insensitivity, ignosocial workers, like many other Ameri rance, and intolerance regarding homocans, are not comfortable discussing sexuality. Despite the now well-docsex. In 1970 only three graduate umented fact that 10 percent of the schools of social work in this country population of this country is homosexoffered a single course on human sexu ual, social work professionals too often ality. Fortunately, subsequent progress act as though this significant minority was made. In 1978, over fifty-two out is unworthy of serious consideraof eighty-six social work schools were tion.1 For example, schools of social offering at least one such course in this work generally offer courses devoted area.3 entirely to the elderly (who make up In order to analyze the causes of the 11.3 percent of the population) and to past neglect of homosexual clients and racial and ethnic minorities, with an to lay the groundwork for some so emphasis on blacks (who make up 11.7 lutions, this article will discuss percent of the population, while other homophobia in the social work profes groups constitute even smaller persion, the challenging question of the centages), yet only six schools include changing role of homosexuals in the a course on homosexuality.2 profession, and social work interven tion with homosexual clients and their Diana D. Dulaney, MSW, is Sex signifiCant others. However, the issue Therapist, Institute for Psychiatric c • C t i> u * \ of terminology should first be discussed Services, St. Joseph s Hospital, . , . Phoenix, Arizona. James Kelly, Ph.D., because 11 has alreadV been the source is Director, Office of Continuing Social some anger. Work Education, Department of Social Many sincere individuals are con Work, California State University at fused and annoyed by the homosexual Long Beach. community's efforts to replace the term "homosexual" with "gay. " A typical question is, "What's so important about a description, as long as it's accurate? " However, as Anderson explains, "Gay is to homosexual as black is to Negro. It's not an anthropological or sociologi cal term, but a non-derogatory, politi cal description. "4 For whatever politi cal, social, or psychological reasons, "gay" is the self-descriptive term pre ferred by most homosexuals. Never theless, many homosexual women prefer the term "lesbian" to that of "gay. " Thus, the authors will use both terms, "gay" and "lesbian," in this arti cle.
Descriptions of personal experiences: Effects on students' learning and behavioral intentions toward peers with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

High-school students were shown an educational video designed to dispel 12 common myths regarding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by describing each myth and then presenting accurate information. The experimental group viewed a video that was supplemented by the speaker acknowledging that he had ADHD and providing descriptions of personal experiences (DPE) designed to highlight the injury caused by 6 of the 12 common myths. Findings suggest that including the DPE may have enhanced learning of the information that was highlighted by these descriptions, but interfered with learning the other six facts. Providing DPE did not alter behavioral intentions, and this analysis did not appear to be confounded by differential learning. Our discussion focuses on personalizing disability information, seductive details effects, and the role that correcting myths with accurate information may have on students with respect to their interactions with classmates with disabilities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Who thinks what about capitalism? Class consciousness and attitudes to economic institutions

Attitudes to the fundamental economic institutions of capitalism, private ownership of productive property, markets as arenas for securing economic outcomes, and working class rights to associate and to strike, are key dimensions of class consciousness. This paper investigates how class location shapes these attitudes in combination with other factors like employment sector and trade union membership. Using data from the 1995 National Social Science Survey, the paper finds systematic class variation on attitudes to economic institutions that is consistent with respondents endorsing or rejecting class-specific strategies of interest realisation according to their own class circumstances. On some attitudes, class structural effects are additionally moderated by organisational norms associated with public sector employment and mediated by the impact of trade union membership.
Social Networks and Housing Markets

We document that the recent house price experiences within an individual’s social network affect her perceptions of the attractiveness of property investments, and through this channel have large effects on her housing market activity. Our data combine anonymized social network information from Facebook with housing transaction data and a survey. We first show that in the survey, individuals whose geographically-distant friends experienced larger recent house price increases consider local property a more attractive investment, with bigger effects for individuals who regularly discuss such investments with their friends. Based on these findings, we introduce a new methodology to document large effects of housing market expectations on individual housing investment decisions and aggregate housing market outcomes. Our approach exploits plausibly-exogenous variation in the recent house price experiences of individuals’ geographically-distant friends as shifters of those individuals’ local housing market expectations. Individuals whose friends experienced a 5 percentage points larger house price increase over the previous 24 months (i) are 3.1 percentage points more likely to transition from renting to owning over a two-year period, (ii) buy a 1.7 percent larger house, (iii) pay 3.3 percent more for a given house, and (iv) make a 7% larger downpayment. Similarly, when homeowners’ friends experience less positive house price changes, these homeowners are more likely to become renters, and more likely to sell their property at a lower price. We also find that when individuals observe a higher dispersion of house price experiences across their friends, this has a negative effect on their housing investments. Finally, we show that these individual-level responses aggregate up to affect county-level house prices and trading volume. Our findings suggest that the house price experiences of geographically-distant friends might provide a valid instrument for local house price growth.