Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic triggering of microearthquakes in three geothermal/volcanic regions of California

Geothermal/volcanic regions are most susceptible to local earthquake triggering by regional and remote earthquakes. Transient stresses caused by surface waves of these earthquakes can activate critically stressed faults. Though earthquakes can be triggered in geothermal/volcanic regions, it is less understood how these regions differ in their triggering responses to distant earthquakes. We conduct a systematic survey of local earthquakes triggered by distant earthquakes in three geothermal/volcanic regions of California: Long Valley Caldera, Coso Geothermal Field, and Geysers Geothermal Field. We examine waveforms of distant earthquakes with magnitudes ≥ 5.5 occurring between 2000 and 2012 and compute β statistics to confirm the significance of our findings. We find that Long Valley, Coso, and Geysers vary in triggering frequency—2.0%, 3.8%, and 6.8% in the 12 year period, respectively—and when compared to the triggering of deep tectonic tremors along the Parkfield‐Cholame section of San Andreas Fault (9.2% in the 12 year period). Stress triggering thresholds vary among the regions with Long Valley having the highest of ~5 kPa and ~1 kPa for the other regions. Because dynamic stresses from distant earthquakes are similar in these three regions, the varying triggering behavior likely reflects faults having a tendency to be at or near failure. This is compatible with Geysers having a higher a value in the Gutenberg‐Richter relationship and higher geothermal productivity than the other two regions. The observation of more frequent triggering of tremor than microearthquakes is consistent with recent laboratory studies on increasing triggerability with lower effective stress.
Sentinel node biopsy for personalized breast cancer management; advances and controversies

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the gold standard for axillary lymph node staging, providing valuable prognostic information while minimizing complications compared to axillary lymph node dissection. However, there are ongoing debates and controversies surrounding SLNB in specific cases. Studies have explored the use of SLNB in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, emphasizing the need for customized therapy decisions. Factors such as age, tumor characteristics, and treatment response influence the selection of SLNB or axillary lymph node dissection. Additionally, the presence of extranodal extension, micrometastases, and isolated tumor cells has been evaluated to determine the need for lymphadenectomy. The importance of accurate oncological staging by thorough pathological evaluation has been highlighted, particularly with regards to invasion depth and lympho-vascular invasion. The significance of biological tumor status, such as hormone receptor and HER2 status, in axillary management decisions has been emphasized. Moreover, discussions have emerged regarding SLNB in the context of local recurrence, with differing perspectives on its utility. Future extensive studies are needed to refine protocols and incorporate these concepts related to SLNB into breast cancer management guidelines.
Climate change implications on transboundary water management in the Jordan River Basin : A Case Study of the Jordan River Basin and the transboundary agreements between riparians Israel, Palestine and Jordan

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between the impacts of climate change and transboundary water management (TWM) mechanisms. The thesis does so through a case study of the transboundary water agreements between Israel, Palestine and Jordan – states that share the transboundary waters in the Jordan River Basin (JRB), a basin that lies in a region of high political tensions and decreasing precipitation. By using empirical climate data on precipitation, temperature and general climate change projections for the basin, the author seeks to understand how these environmental changes will challenge TWM in the JRB. By using qualitative methods to examine the water agreements through the method of process tracing, the thesis seeks to understand how the water agreements are constructed to handle changes in waterflow due to climate change. The results show that the transboundary mechanisms, the water agreements and Joint Water Committees (JWC), managing the transboundary waters in the JRB, possess weak mechanisms to manage changes in waterflow. As a consequence, the whole basin might experience increasing political pressures in the future over the fulfilment of water allocation provisions. The thesis further suggests that the TWM structures in the case lack awareness and mechanisms to handle climate change impacts. On the other hand, the JWCs have an institutional capacity, expertise, and mandate in managing these potential risks in the future. However, incidents in the past, manifest that decreased waterflow leads to increasing political tensions and conflicts between the states in the basin due to the lack of conflict resolution mechanisms in the TWM structures. In order to establish a sustainable TWM in the JRB, the suggested recommendation is that climate change impacts ought to be embedded into the water agreements by incorporating flexible mechanisms for water allocation. In addition, the conflict resolution mechanisms should be strengthened.
The Ecohydrological Implications of a Restored Rangeland in Central Texas

The Ecohydrological Implications of a Restored Rangeland in Central Texas. (May 2012) Patrick Scott Haley Department of Ecosystem Science & Management Texas A&M University Research Advisor: Dr. Bradford P. Wilcox Department of Ecosystem Science & Management Military training lands are among the most degraded rangelands in the United States. Tracked vehicle training represents the largest source of soil disturbance on these rangelands (Fang et al. 2002). Training activities facilitate changes in vegetation composition towards alternate floral communities characteristic of highly disturbed soils (Johnson 1982). The Department of Defense (DoD) manages the land to mitigate disturbance, however the effectiveness of their mitigation and restoration strategies are not well known. Furthermore, the long-term effects of intensive training activities on the ecohydrology of the landscape are not well understood. This study uses large-scale rainfall simulation to develop an understanding of the dynamic relationships between rainfall, runoff, and erosion. Simulations were conducted on two areas of interest: (1) a degraded grassland that underwent a conversion to a mesquite woodland and was restored via mechanical brush removal and (2) a highly
C‐band radar observes water level change in swamp forests

C-band radar pulses backscatter from the upper canopy of swamp forests, and consequently interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis of C-band imagery has not been exploited to study water level changes in swamp forests. This article explores C-band ERS-1 (European Remote Sensing Satellite) and ERS-2 InSAR data over swamp forests composed of moderately dense trees with a medium-low canopy closure in southeastern Louisiana to measure water level changes beneath tree cover. Wetlands cover more than 4% of the Earth's land surface and interact with hydrologic, biogeochemical, and sediment transport processes that are fundamental in understanding ecological and climatic changes [Alsdorf et al, 2003; Prigent et al., 2001 ; Melack and Forsberg, 2000; Dunne et al., 1998]. Measurement of water level changes in wetlands, and consequently of changes in water storage capacity, provides a required input for hydrologic models, and is required to comprehensively assess flood hazards [e.g., Coe, 1998].
A GIS procedure for automatically calculating the USLE LS factor on topographically complex landscape units

ABSTRACT: A computer algorithm to calculate the USLE and RUSLE LS-factors over a two-dimensional landscape is presented. When compared to a manual method, both methods yield broadly similar results in terms of relative erosion risk mapping. However, there appear to be important differences in absolute values. Although both methods yield similar slope values, the use of the manual method leads to an underestimation of the erosion risk because the effect of flow convergence is not accounted for. The computer procedure has the obvious advantage that it can easily be linked to GIS software. If data on land use and soils are available, specific K, C and P-values can be assigned to each land unit so that predicted soil losses can then be calculated using a simple overlay procedure. The algorithm leaves the user the choice to consider land units as being hydrologically isolated or continuous. A comparison with soil data showed a reasonably good agreement between the predicted erosion risk and the intensity of soil truncation observed in the test area.
A Review of the Typical Course of the Musculocutaneous Nerve into the Coracobrachialis Muscle: Its Variability and Possible Clinical Implications

Objective. This literature review highlights the prevalence of the typical course of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) through the coracobrachialis muscle (CB), and evaluates the distance from the entrance point of the MCN to the CB, taking the coracoid process (CP) as a landmark. Methods. PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and CINAHL online databases were searched in December 2022 for studies reporting the prevalence of the MCN’s typical course and the distance between the CP and the MCN entrance point to the CB. Results. Twenty-eight studies were included (including 2846 subjects) investigating the MCN’s typical course, and eliciting a prevalence of 93.4%. The mean distance of the CP to the entrance point of the MCN’s main trunk into the CB was 5.6±2cm (median 6.1cm, in 550 subjects). In 76.12% of cases the MCN’s accessory branches entered the CB proximally to the MCN’s main trunk. The mean distance from the CP to the entrance point of the MCN’s proximal branches to the CB was 3.8±1.2cm (median 3.7cm, in 140 subjects). Conclusion. In the vast majority of cases, the MCN had a typical course through the CB. In cases of altered anatomy, the MCN was either absent or passed medially to the CB (without piercing it). The average entrance point of the MCN into the CB from the CP is 5.6 cm. Proximal motor branches of the MCN to the CB are common and usually arise at a mean distance of 3.8cm from the inferior border of the tip of the CP. Surgeons should be aware of both the MCN’s typical and its atypical course and these distances to avoid possible complications when operating in the area.
Outdoor hazards and falls among community‐dwelling older Australians

Background: Falls occur in approximately one‐third of older Australians per year and can be attributed to intrinsic or extrinsic factors, but are often reported by the elderly to be associated with the latter: environmental hazards. The objective of this study was to investigate outdoor falls and their relationship with outdoor hazards among community‐dwelling older people in the City of Sydney. Methods: Focus group discussions (n=47) and structured interviews (n=124) were conducted among Sydney residents aged 60 years and older to explore issues regarding their residential environments and health outcomes. Structured interviews addressed experiences of indoor and outdoor falls and near falls, and participants' perception of hazards in their outdoor environment. Results: The focus groups suggested that outdoor falls are common and are associated with insufficient street lighting, uneven road/path surfaces, tree roots, and fallen seed pods from Plane trees. In the survey, 35.5% of participants reported an outdoor fall or near fall. Poisson regression analysis, while accounting for other potential predictors, demonstrated that the risk of an outdoor fall or near fall was higher for footpaths of lower perceived quality and a non‐Asian ethnic background. Conclusions: Outdoor falls are a substantial problem among community‐dwelling older Australians and outdoor hazards may contribute to these falls. Future fall prevention interventions should evaluate whether modification of the outdoor environment reduces outdoor falls.
New evidence on the geologic setting of Medjerda Valley plain (northern Tunisia) from integrated geophysical study of Triassic evaporite bodies

Integrated gravity, two dimensional (2D) seismic and field data (lithostratigraphy and tectonic deformations) help to understand the structural setting of the Triassic evaporites in the Atlas Mountains of northern Tunisia. In the Medjerda Valley plain, Triassic outcrops are bounded by NE-, ENE-, and NW-trending faults. These faults have been reactivated and have controlled the basin framework. The gravity analysis included the construction of a gravity anomaly maps, and 2D gravity model. Corresponding gravity responses of the complete Bouguer anomaly, the residual gravity anomaly, and upward continued maps reveal that the Triassic evaporites do not have a neat gravity signature. 2D seismic profiles show rising structures of Triassic strata associated with Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic edifices. The seismic horizons, calibrated to outcrop and well data, reveal paleohighs and diapirs of Triassic strata that were existed during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. These structural features induced a lateral outpouring of evaporitic strata within Late Cretaceous strata. A NW–SE-trending gravity model, which crosses the Medjerda Valley plain, highlights geometry identified on seismic lines. In the Medjerda plain, Mesozoic extensional and transtensional movements were associated with rising of Triassic evaporites, thus resulting in diapiric structures. The Late Cretaceous-Eocene structural setting was marked by outpouring of locally extruded Triassic evaporites. The Tertiary and Quaternary times are marked by major contractional events, causing inversion of pre-existing tectonic edifices. This integrated geophysical study provides a greater understanding of the Thibar deep structure, and a new geometry model of the Triassic evaporite bodies in the North Tunisia.
Using Topic in Summarization for Vietnamese Paragraph

—This article delves into the realm of refining the precision of automated text summarization tasks by harnessing the underlying themes within the documents. Our training data draws upon the VNDS dataset (A_Vietnamese_Dataset_ for_Summarization), encompassing a total of 150,704 samples aggregated from diverse online news sources like vnexpress.net, tuoitre.vn, and more. These articles have been meticulously processed to ensure they align with our training objectives and criteria. This paper presents an approach to text summarization that is theme-oriented, utilizing Latent Dirichlet Allocation to delineate the document's subject matter. The data subsequently have been fed into the BERT model, which constitutes one of the subtasks within the broader domain of abstractive summarization—summarizing content based on pivotal concepts. The results attained, although modest, underscore the challenges we've confronted. Consequently, our model necessitates further development and refinement to unlock its full potential.
Comparison of machine learning methods for runoff forecasting in mountainous watersheds with limited data / Porównanie metod uczenia maszynowego do prognozowania spływu w zlewniach górskich na podstawie ograniczonych danych

Abstract Runoff forecasting in mountainous regions with processed based models is often difficult and inaccurate due to the complexity of the rainfall-runoff relationships and difficulties involved in obtaining the required data. Machine learning models offer an alternative for runoff forecasting in these regions. This paper explores and compares two machine learning methods, support vector regression (SVR) and wavelet networks (WN) for daily runoff forecasting in the mountainous Sianji watershed located in the Himalayan region of India. The models were based on runoff, antecedent precipitation index, rainfall, and day of the year data collected over the three year period from July 1, 2001 and June 30, 2004. It was found that both the methods provided accurate results, with the best WN model slightly outperforming the best SVR model in accuracy. Both the WN and SVR methods should be tested in other mountainous watershed with limited data to further assess their suitability in forecasting. Streszczenie Prognozowanie spływu z obszarów górskich z użyciem programowanych modeli jest często trudne i niedokładne z powodu złożonych zależności między opadem a spływem i problemów związanych z pozyskaniem niezbędnych danych. Modele uczenia maszynowego stwarzają alternatywę dla prognozowania spływu z takich regionów. W pracy analizowano i porównano dwie metody uczenia maszynowego - metodę regresji wektorów nośnych (SVR) i sieci falkowych (WN) do dobowego prognozowania spływu w górskiej zlewni Sianji, usytuowanej w indyjskiej części Himalajów. Modele opracowano na podstawie danych o spływie, wskaźniku poprzednich opadów, opadzie i kolejnym dniu roku za trzyletni okres od 1 lipca 2001 r. do 30 czerwca 2004 r. Stwierdzono, że obie metody zapewniają dokładne wyniki, przy czym najlepszy model WN nieco przewyższa najlepszy model SVR pod względem dokładności. Obie metody powinny być testowane w innych zlewniach górskich o ograniczonej liczbie danych, aby lepiej ocenić ich przydatność do prognozowania.
Theory of planned behavior to understand pro-environmental behavior among Universiti Malaya students

Due to industrialization and urbanization, the world is experiencing environmental degradation at an alarming rate. Irresponsible human behaviors have caused environmental concerns that are drastically affecting the natural ecosystem. To ensure a sustainable future for all, pro-environmental behavior should be practiced among university students to protect and conserve the environment. The objective of the study is to determine the key factors affecting pro-environmental behavior among Universiti Malaya (UM) students. A theoretical framework, theory of planned behavior (TPB), was introduced to examine whether environmental attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have significant effects on intention and on pro-environmental behavior. Data collected from 394 respondents via online questionnaire was then examined using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show that environmental attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have significant impact on the intention to adopt pro-environmental behavior among UM students. The results indicate that perceived behavioral control did not significantly influence pro-environmental behavior among UM students. The study also revealed that no significant difference was shown in gender and study background towards pro-environmental behavior. These findings assist higher education institutions in formulating polices, strategies and planning to enhance environmental behavior among the students. They also offer new insights and comprehensive information for researchers in conducting research related to environment behavior.
Effect of Passion Fruit Juice in Removal of Smear Layer in Root Canal of Ex Vivo Human Teeth: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Abstract Context The smear layer produced during the instrumentation of the root canal contains both organic and inorganic components, and it is recommended to be removed as it has a mixture of bacteria and their byproducts. Irrigants like sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), endodontic irrigant, citric acid, etc., possess the ability to remove the smear layer. Considering the antimicrobial effect, antiinflammatory, cavity disinfectant, nontoxicity, better taste, and aroma of herbal products, a novel approach has been introduced in the field of endodontics. Aims To assess the efficacy of passion fruit juice in removing the smear layer and its erosive potential in root canals after instrumentation by scanning electron microscopy. Materials and methods About 35 single-rooted premolars were divided into five groups—30% passion fruit extract (PFE), 17% EDTA, 17% EDTA + 5.25% NaOCl, 30% PFE + 17% EDTA, and saline. Following irrigation with the above irrigants, each tooth was split into two halves and examined and scored for smear layer removal (modified Torabinejad's criteria) using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis Overall comparison of the irrigant's action on removing the smear layer and their erosive potential was done using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and intergroup comparison of the irrigant action was done using the Mann–Whitney U test. All the statistical analyses were set with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results A total of 30% PFE produced less erosion and statistically significant smear layer removal in the coronal and middle third of the root. When combined with 17% EDTA, it effectively removed the smear layer in all three-thirds of the root. Around 30% PFE + 17% EDTA is less erosive when compared to 17% EDTA + 5.25% NaOCl. Conclusion This study revealed that 30% PFE and 30% PFE + 17% EDTA are promising irrigants as root canal disinfectants in endodontics. How to cite this article Venkatachalamoorthi V, Shivashankarappa PG, Adimoulame S, et al. Effect of Passion Fruit Juice in Removal of Smear Layer in Root Canal of Ex Vivo Human Teeth: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-2):S190–S194.
On the effect of inlet conditions on particle/droplet dispersion in a shear layer

The impact of the inlet conditions on particle/droplet dispersion in a post-transitional shear layer is investigated using two-dimensional numerical simulations. The flow inlet conditions are varied between a monotonically changing inlet velocity profile (errorfunction) and one that exhibits a wake deficit reminiscent of the presence of the upstream splitter plate. The particle field inlet conditions are varied by altering the particle inlet location. Monodisperse dilute particle fields of various diameters are considered. The numerical models for both the time-dependent and un-averaged flow and particle fields are Lagrangian yielding a totally grid-free approach. The well known relationship between the particle Stokes number and dispersion is verified. Results also indicate that, under most conditions, dispersion is increased if particles are introduced from the fast stream side and as close as possible to the layer centerline. This trend is more pronounced for the wake-modified than the error-function inlet profile flow. The impact of the Stokes number on this trend is secondary. This suggests that the origin of this behavior lies in the flow dynamics which is known to favor entrainment from the fast stream. For the error-function case the dispersion trend is reversed if particles are introduced far enough from the shear layer so that they do not get entrained into the rotational flow. This is due to the tendency of the shear layer to tilt towards the slow stream. For the wake-modified case, however, this reversal does not occur. This, and the above noted enhanced asymmetry in the dispersion patterns for this case are attributed to the presence of positive vorticity on the slow speed side of the shear layer. This vorticity, which is counter-rotating with respect to the overall vorticity field has its origin in the inlet condition. While its effect on the large scale flow structure is secondary, it tends to weaken the entrainment patterns locally and thus diminishes the entrainment and subsequent dispersion of particles. Copyright © 1998 by M. C. Soteriou. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission. T Assistant Professor, member AIAA. Graduate Student.