Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of K-string energy using the gauge/gravity correspondence

The AdS/CFT correspondence, or in a more general sense, the gauge/gravity correspondence, is a duality between a string theory or gravity defined on one space and a gauge theory living on the conformal boundary of the same space. The AdS/CFT correspondence has drawn a tremendous amount of attention since the late 1990’s. After all, it sounds so promising and exciting to connect two drastically different looking theories, gravity and gauge theory, directly. A lot of effort has been put into the gauge/gravity correspondence related research from the physics community, hoping that connections between string theories and corresponding gauge theories with less supersymmetry would be discovered and more observables of the gauge theory could be calculated in terms of string theory and supergravity. The k-string tension calculation using the gauge/gravity correspondence has been one of many such attempts. k-string tension is a crucial topic in quark confinement and strong interactions. In this dissertation, we investigate k-strings in d = 3 and d = 4 spacetime dimensions using the gauge/gravity correspondence. Exploiting the similarities between two supergravity backgrounds, i.e., the Maldacena-Nunez background and the Maldacena-Nastase background, we carry out calculations for k-string energies in d = 3 and d = 4 spacetime dimensions. The specific calculations investigated are the lowest order tension term for the energy of k-strings and the first order, one loop corrections, i.e., the Luscher term. The tension term is proportional to L, the length of quark-antiquark pairs and the Luscher term is the typical 1/L Coulombic correction. we reproduced the sine law for the tension term and the Luscher term which agree with the results from lattice gauge theory. We also briefly compare the resluts of the Klebanov-Strassler background with
Crossability studies among Momordica charantia var. charantia and Momordica charantia var. muricata

Inter and intra-specific hybridization is a powerful breeding method for crop improvement and it has potential to broaden the genetic base of the cultivated species. M. charantia var. muricata is considered as a wild progenitor of bitter gourd (M. charantia) and it has important novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. In the present experiment, conducted during the 2016â€“17 and 2017â€“18, intra-specific hybrids were produced among M. charantia var. charantia and M. charantia var. muricata and these were characterized for plant morphology, pollen-pistil compatibility, cytology and molecular relation among the parents and hybrids. In both direct and reciprocal crosses, the crossability percent was nearly 90% with high percent of pollen viability. The morphological traits of the parents were highly diverse and the hybrids showed intermediate pattern of character expression. The pollen-pistil behaviour and compatibility reaction were studied for the first time and observed higher per cent of compatibility in direct cross (M. charantia var. charantia Ã— M. charantia var. muricata; 90.98%) and comparatively lower in reciprocal cross (M. charantia var. muricata Ã— M. charantia var charantia; 84.43%). Cytological and molecular marker (SSR) techniques were used for hybridity confirmation.
Is the Importance of Market Orientation Growing? A Study of High-Tech Manufacturing Companies

Abstract Purpose: The article analyzes the market-orientation level and its impact on high-tech manufacturing companies’ competitiveness at two points in time. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on data from two surveys from 2011 and 2019, conducted with the same questionnaire, in Poland, a state that has experienced many changes after 1989 and after joining the European Union in 2004. Findings: The results indicated that during the eight years between the surveys, the importance of high-tech manufacturing companies’ market orientation grew considerably. Moreover, in 2011 the level of market orientation explained over 11% of the variance in the competitiveness of high-tech manufacturing companies, while in the 2019 survey, it explained over 22% of the variance. Moreover, nearly all highly competitive high-tech manufacturing companies analyzed in the study also revealed high levels of market orientation. Research limitations: The main limitation of the study is the fact that the findings refer to Polish manufacturing high-tech companies, so any generalizations to other regions or industries should be treated with caution. Research implications: Managers of high-tech manufacturing companies should develop and maintain the highest possible level of market orientation. However, a high level of market orientation does not automati cally guarantee high competitiveness. Originality: This study is the first to empirically test the influence of market orientation on high-tech companies’ competitiveness level in the “new EU countries” at two points in time.
The clinicopathological and microrna expression signature associated with lymphovascular invasion in squamous cell carcinoma: A basic descriptive study

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an indicator of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in various cancers including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Despite being easily resectable and having little potential for LVI; SCC displays aggressive behavior and often results in the death of the patient. With this in mind, it may be useful to investigate the clinical, pathological, and microRNA expression profile associated with LVI in SCC.
Thermophotovoltaic generation with selective radiators based on tungsten surface gratings

Two-dimensional surface-relief gratings with a period of 1.0–0. 2μm composed of rectangular microcavities were fabricated on single crystalline W substrates to develop spectrally selective radiators for thermophotovoltaic generation. The radiators displayed strong emission in the near-infrared region where narrow-band-gap photovoltaic cells could convert photons into electricity. The enhancement of thermal emission was attributed to the microcavity effect. Power generation tests were carried out and the W gratings showed more than two times higher generation efficiency, compared to a SiC radiator. The results showed that the microstructured W radiators behave as good selective radiator, with both high efficiency and high power density.
La théorie moderne du potentiel

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Einstein Observations of T Tauri Stars in Taurus-Auriga. I. Properties of X-Ray Emission

We present a systematic reanalysis of the Einstein IPC X-ray data on the pre-main-sequence stars in the Taurus-Auriga star-formation region. We consider all catalogued stars in this region which have been observed with the IPC; of these, 52 out of 68 can be identiied with X-ray sources; upper limits on the X-ray luminosity have been evaluated in the remaining cases. We derive an X-ray luminosity function, and argue that its median L x is representative of the population intrinsic value, in spite of incompleteness of the sample and possible ambiguities in the X-ray source identiications. As a result, it is connrmed that the known steady increase in the average level of X-ray emission toward younger ages can be extended to the pre-main-sequence phase. By using the line equivalent width as the relevant parameter, a statistically signiicant diierence is found between the distributions of X-ray luminosities of stars with and without strong emission lines. No such diierence is found instead between stars with and without strong infrared excess at 25.
Correlation analysis between the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation at the magnetic equator and at the southern peak of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly

Ionospheric scintillation refers to amplitude and phase fluctuations in radio signals due to electron density irregularities associated to structures named ionospheric plasma bubbles. The phenomenon is more pronounced around the magnetic equator where, after sunset, plasma bubbles of varying sizes and density depletions are generated by plasma instability mechanisms. The bubble depletions are aligned along Earth's magnetic field lines, and they develop vertically upward over the magnetic equator so that their extremities extend in latitude to north and south of the dip equator. Over Brazil, developing bubbles can extend to the southern peak of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly, where high levels of ionospheric scintillation are common. Scintillation may seriously affect satellite navigation systems, such as the Global Navigation Satellite Systems. However, its effects may be mitigated by using a predictive model derived from a collection of extended databases on scintillation and its associated variables. This work proposes the use of a classification and regression decision tree to perform a study on the correlation between the occurrence of scintillation at the magnetic equator and that at the southern peak of the equatorial anomaly. Due to limited size of the original database, a novel resampling heuristic was applied to generate new training instances from the original ones in order to improve the accuracy of the decision tree. The correlation analysis presented in this work may serve as a starting point for the eventual development of a predictive model suitable for operational use.
How Water Interacts with the NOH Group: The Rotational Spectrum of the 1:1 N,N-diethylhydroxylamine·Water Complex

The rotational spectrum of the 1:1 N,N-diethylhydroxylamine-water complex has been investigated using pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in the 6.5–18.5 GHz frequency region. The most stable conformer has been detected as well as the 13C monosubstituted isotopologues in natural abundance and the 18O enriched water species, allowing to determine the nitrogen nuclear quadrupole coupling constants and the molecular structure in the vibrational ground state. The molecule has a Cs symmetry and the water lies in the bc symmetry plane forming two hydrogen bonds with the NOH frame with length: dHOH·NOH = 1.974 Å and dH2O·HON = 2.096 Å. From symmetry-adapted perturbation theory calculations coupled to atoms in molecule approach, the corresponding interaction energy values are estimated to be 24 and 13 kJ·mol−1, respectively. The great strength of the intermolecular interaction involving the nitrogen atom is in agreement with the high reactivity of hydroxylamine compounds at the nitrogen site.
The Solution of Fractional Diffusion-reaction Equation Via the Regular Perturbation Method (RPM)

In this paper, we implement Regular Perturbation Method (RPM) of the Solving fractional diffusion-reaction equation, in order to determine the exact analytical solutions of some linear fractional diffusion-reaction equation. In general, the solving using this method allow to obtain exact or approximate solutions. For the case of the diffusion and diffusion-convection equations solved in this document, the solutions obtained are exact. By comparing these solutions with those obtained by other researchers using other methods for a certain value of the parameter \(\alpha\), we obtain the same results.
Asymptotic relative efficiency of the linear discriminant function under partial nonrandom classification of the training data

This paper considers the problem where the linear discriminant rule is formed from training data that are only partially classified with respect to the two groups of origin. A further complication is that the data of unknown origin do not constitute an observed random sample from a mixture of the two underlying groups. Under the assumption of a homoscedastic normal model, the overall error rate of the sample linear discriminant rule formed by maximum likelihood from the partially classified training data is derived up to and including terms of the first order in the case of univariate feature data. This first-order expansion of the sample rule so formed is used to define its asymptotic efficiency relative to the rule formed from a completely classified random training set and also to the rule formed from a completely unclassified random set.
Transition to Fast Whole-Body SPECT/CT Bone Imaging: An Assessment of Image Quality

Objective: To investigate the impact of reduced SPECT acquisition time on reconstructed image quality for diagnostic purposes. Method: Data from five patients referred for a routine bone SPECT/CT using the standard multi-bed SPECT/CT protocol were reviewed. The acquisition time was 900 s using gating technique; SPECT date was resampled into reduced data sets of 480 s, 450 s, 360 s and 180 s acquisition duration per bed position. Each acquisition time was reconstructed using a fixed number of subsets (8 subsets) and 4, 8, 12, and 16 iterations, followed by a post-reconstruction 3D Gaussian filter of 8 mm FWHM. Two Nuclear Medicine physicians analysed all images independently to score image quality, noise and diagnostic confidence based on a pre-defined 4-point scale. Results: Our result showed that the most frequently selected categories for 480 s and 450 s images were good image quality, average noise and fair confidence, particularly at lower iteration numbers 4 and 8. For the shortened acquisition time of 360 s and 180 s, statistical significance was observed in most reconstructed images compared with 900 s. Conclusion: The SPECT/CT can significantly shorten the acquisition time with maintained image quality, noise and diagnostic confidence. Therefore, acquiring data over 480 s and 450 s is feasible for WB-SPECT/CT bone scans to provide an optimal balance between acquisition time and image quality.
A note on head and velocity covariances in three‐dimensional flow through heterogeneous anisotropic porous media

A procedure for the characterization of the head and velocity fields for saturated flow in heterogeneous, statistically anisotropic formations is developed. The fields are characterized through a series of spatial covariances as well as the velocity-head, velocity-log conductivity and head-log conductivity cross covariances. All these functions are given in terms of the parameters which characterize the input log conductivity field and the average head garadient. A general procedure is outlined, followed by explicit derivation of head and velocity covariances for heterogeneous, statistically anisotropic formations. Closed form analytic results are obtained for the statistically isotropic formations, while the results for the anisotropic ones required taking quadrature over analytic expressions. The results may be used for transport predictions and for conditioning on measurements, and may be particularly useful for testing of numerical codes.
Factor Separation in Numerical Simulations.

Abstract A simple method is developed for computing the interactions among various factors influencing the atmospheric circulations. It is shown how numerical simulations can be utilized to obtain the pure contribution of any factor to any predicted field, as well as the contributions due to the mutual interactions among two or more factors. The mathematical basis for n factors is developed, and it is shown that 2n simulations are required for the separation of the contributions and their possible interactions. The method is demonstrated with two central factors, the topography and surface fluxes, and their effect on the rainfall distribution for a cyclone evolution in the Mediterranean.
Experimental investigation on machining of multiple micro-square holes

ABSTRACT Miniature components with multiple holes are commonly observed in many precision elements like micro filters, aerostatic bearings, turbine blades, etc. Micro-Electro Discharge Machining (µ-EDM) is a popular micromachining technique, which includes melting and vaporizing electrode materials to produce the required miniaturized features on various components. This paper focused on multiple micro-square holes machining on the copper sheet using the tailor-made copper multi-tool electrode. Three micro-square holes are machined at a time with different machining parameters such as voltage, frequency, current, and varying pitch of the multi-tool electrode. The responses of the machined geometrical features are estimated, including material removal rate (MRR), side gap (SG), taper angle (TA), and tool wear rate (TWR). Experimental runs are designed based on four factors varied in three levels using the box-behnken method. The ideal set of µ-EDM parameters to maximize MRR while simultaneously minimizing TWR, SG, and TA is identified with a Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The obtained optimum combination of machining parameters are voltage: 40 V, current: 3 A, frequency: 6 kHz, pitch: 1.4 mm, and the corresponding output responses are MRR: 813.48 µg/min, TWR: 82.03 µg/min, SG: 65.49 µm, and TA: 1.18°. Further, the heat-affected zone (HAZ), microstructure, and microhardness around the machined holes are analyzed, and the obtained results are discussed in the paper.
Extreme ultraviolet holographic lithography: Initial results

The authors report the initial results from a holographic lithography technique using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. This approach removes the need for complex EUV reflective masks and optics, replacing them with a binary, nanopatterned transmission mask. Computer generated holograms were fabricated on 100nm thick silicon nitride membranes with a 100nm thick chromium absorber layer. Reconstructed images have been recorded in an 80nm thick polymethylmetacrylate photoresist using 13nm wavelength EUV radiation from an undulator source. The pattern was characterized by optical and atomic force microscopies, and compared with simulation results from the TOOLSET diffraction simulation program, yielding excellent agreement.
Marginal stability analysis of the phase field crystal model in one spatial dimension

The problem of wavenumber k and velocity V selection for a solid front invading an unstable homogeneous phase is considered. A marginal stability analysis is used to predict k and V for the parabolic and hyperbolic (or modiefied) phase field crystal models in one dimension. It is shown that the marginally selected wave number of the periodic crystal monotonically increases with increasing undercooling and relaxation times. At high undercooling and relaxation times it is found that the system can select a k that is unstable to an Eckhaus instability in the bulk phase. This may imply a transition to highly defected or glassy states in higher dimensions.
Diffraction of an obliquely incident plane wave by a two‐face impedance half plane: Wiener‐Hopf approach

The problem of diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves at an imperfectly conducting half plane with different impedances on upper and lower faces for oblique (skew) incidence either leads to a Wiener‐Hopf equation with a 4×4 Fourier symbol matrix for the tangential field components or to two formally decoupled Wiener‐Hopf equations with 2×2 symbol matrices of the Daniele‐Khrapkov form for the electric and magnetic field components perpendicular to the diffracting edge. The higher‐order edge singularity of the normal field components leads to undetermined constants in the classical Wiener‐Hopf solution that are used to eliminate “unphysical” leaky wave poles that appear in the final solution by the residue calculus technique. The interrelation between both formulations involves an analytic family of polynomial transformation matrices. Consideration of the range restriction of this mapping is shown to be equivalent to the pole elimination procedure.
Detection of mercury vapor using resonating microcantilevers

Oscillating silicon nitride microcantilevers coated with a thin gold film have been used to detect mercury vapor in air. Cantilever resonance frequency changes due to surface mass loading as a result of adsorption of mercury vapor. Furthermore, cantilever bending is also altered due to changes in surface stress induced by mercury adsorption on the gold overlayer. Both of these phenomena can be used to quantitatively detect adsorbed vapors with picogram mass resolution.
An Analysis of Perceptual Confusions Among Some English Consonants

Sixteen English consonants were spoken over voice communication systems with frequency distortion and with random masking noise. The listeners were forced to guess at every sound and a count was made of all the different errors that resulted when one sound was confused with another. With noise or low‐pass filtering the confusions fall into consistent patterns, but with high‐pass filtering the errors are scattered quite randomly. An articulatory analysis of these 16 consonants provides a system of five articulatory features or “dimensions” that serve to characterize and distinguish the different phonemes: voicing, nasality, affrication, duration, and place of articulation. The data indicate that voicing and nasality are little affected and that place is severely affected by low‐pass and noisy systems. The indications are that the perception of any one of these five features is relatively independent of the perception of the others, so that it is as if five separate, simple channels were involved rather tha.
Homogenization of the constitutive properties of composite beam cross-sections

When modelling slender bodies made of composite materials as beams, homogenized stiffness coefficients must be obtained. In [2, 3], analytic expressions for these are obtained by comparing the solutions of some Saint-Venant extension, bending and torsion 3D linear elasticity problems with their corresponding beam theory counterparts. In [2], the authors provide general expressions for the determination of these coefficients for multilayered beams. The present work consists in the study of a homogenization procedure of the stiffness coefficients for circular cross-sections with two layers. This will help in the study of the constitutive behavior of unloaded shafts of endoscopes since their cross-section could be studied as a simplified model of a three-layers hollow circular cross-section. In preparation of this geometry, results of an experimental campaign carried out at KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG (Tallinn, Estonia) are presented in a second part of this paper. The purpose of the testing was the experimental characterization of the torsional
A new synonym of Enkianthusperulatus (Ericaceae) in East Asia, based on morphological and molecular evidence

﻿Abstract Enkianthuscalophyllus was once treated as a synonym of E.serrulatus. However, field observations indicate that E.calophyllus is distinct from E.serrulatus but resembles E.perulatus in flowers, leaves, fruits and seeds. Hence, a taxonomic revision of these species was conducted based on morphological comparisons of flowers, leaves, fruits and seeds, as well as molecular analyses of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and six plastid DNA markers (psbA-trnH, rpl32-trnL, trnL-trnF, rps16-trnQ, psbJ-petA and matK). The morphological and molecular results reject the synonymization of E.calophyllus with E.serrulatus, and instead show it to be placed in a clade with E.perulatus. Based on molecular evidence and a reassessment of the morphology we synonymize E.calophyllus with the older name E.perulatus.