Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogen Life-History Trade-Offs Revealed in Allopatry

Trade‐offs in life‐history traits is a central tenet in evolutionary biology, yet their ubiquity and relevance to realized fitness in natural populations remains questioned. Trade‐offs in pathogens are of particular interest because they may constrain the evolution and epidemiology of diseases. Here, we studied life‐history traits determining transmission in the obligate fungal pathogen, Podosphaera plantaginis, infecting Plantago lanceolata. We find that although traits are positively associated on sympatric host genotypes, on allopatric host genotypes relationships between infectivity and subsequent transmission traits change shape, becoming even negative. The epidemiological prediction of this change in life‐history relationships in allopatry is lower disease prevalence in newly established pathogen populations. An analysis of the natural pathogen metapopulation confirms that disease prevalence is lower in newly established pathogen populations and they are more prone to go extinct during winter than older pathogen populations. Hence, life‐history trade‐offs mediated by pathogen local adaptation may influence epidemiological dynamics at both population and metapopulation levels.
An innovative TESOR Algorithm for perfect routing

In this 21st century people are looking for faster and efficient actions in each and every activities they involved. In this modern world, shopping is an inseparable & essential activity. But in reality it creates lot of stress and utilizes not only our time but also energy. Nowadays all kind of shops are available together in a location, but still confusion and unnecessary wandering are unavoidable. This paper proposes a novel idea called TESOR (Time and Energy Saving Optimal Routing) algorithm using Dijkstra algorithm as a base one. The target domain of this paper is that of providing 100% end user satisfaction. It further explores the simulation results and some new future directions.
The long-run behavior of the stochastic replicator dynamics

Fudenberg and Harris' stochastic version of the classical replicator dynamics is considered. The behavior of this diffusion process in the presence of an evolutionarily stable strategy is investigated. Moreover, extinction of dominated strategies and stochastic stability of strict Nash equilibria are studied. The general results are illustrated in connection with a discrete war of attrition. A persistence result for the maximum effort strategy is obtained and an explicit expression for the evolutionarily stable strategy is derived.
Utilization of a computerized intravenous insulin infusion program to control blood glucose in the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND This proof of concept study was designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an intravenous insulin dosing calculator, the Clarian GlucoStabilizer program, and to determine the feasibility of its use as part of a glycemic control program. This paper discusses the impact of the GlucoStabilizer program on the glycemic control of intensive care patients with hyperglycemia. METHODS Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), requiring intravenous insulin, were treated using the GlucoStabilizer program. This program calculates an insulin drip rate based on the low and high blood glucose (BG) levels of the desired target range, the patient's current and previous BG levels, and an insulin sensitivity factor, with a goal of safely and expeditiously achieving and maintaining the patient's BG in the target range. RESULTS From October 2004 through March 2006, the GlucoStabilizer program has been used to treat 2,398 patients in the ICUs, with 177,279 BG measurements in its database. In these patients, 61.0% of BGs have been in the target range of 80-110 mg/dL, while 90.9% have been in the wider range of 60-150 mg/dL. The average BG was 106.5 mg/dL (SD 39.1 mg/dL), and the frequency of hypoglycemia (BG <50 mg/dL) was 0.4%. These results compare favorably with the level of glycemic control in the 3 months before implementation of the GlucoStabilizer program. CONCLUSIONS Use of the GlucoStabilizer program in the ICU resulted in improved glycemic control compared to the previous manually calculated glycemic control protocols.
The impact of a bodyweight and physical activity intervention (BeWEL) initiated through a national colorectal cancer screening programme: randomised controlled trial

Objective To evaluate the impact of a diet and physical activity intervention (BeWEL) on weight change in people with a body mass index >25 weight (kg)/height (m)2 at increased risk of colorectal cancer and other obesity related comorbidities. Design Multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. Setting Four Scottish National Health Service health boards. Participants 329 overweight or obese adults (aged 50 to 74 years) who had undergone colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test result, as part of the national bowel screening programme, and had a diagnosis of adenoma confirmed by histopathology. 163 were randomised to intervention and 166 to control. Intervention Participants were randomised to a control group (weight loss booklet only) or 12 month intervention group (three face to face visits with a lifestyle counsellor plus monthly 15 minute telephone calls). A goal of 7% reduction in body weight was set and participants received a personalised energy prescription (2508 kJ (600 kcal) below that required for weight maintenance) and bodyweight scales. Motivational interviewing techniques explored self assessed confidence, ambivalence, and personal values concerning weight. Behavioural strategies included goal setting, identifying intentions of implementation, self monitoring of body weight, and counsellor feedback about reported diet, physical activity, and weight change. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was weight change over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting cardiovascular biomarkers, and glucose metabolism variables, physical activity, diet, and alcohol consumption. Results At 12 months, data on the primary outcome were available for 148 (91%) participants in the intervention group and 157 (95%) in the control group. Mean weight loss was 3.50 kg (SD 4.91) (95% confidence interval 2.70 to 4.30) in the intervention group compared with 0.78 kg (SD 3.77) (0.19 to 1.38) in the control group. The group difference was 2.69 kg (95% confidence interval 1.70 to 3.67). Differences between groups were significant for waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose level, diet, and physical activity. No reported adverse events were considered to be related to trial participation. Conclusions Significant weight loss can be achieved by a diet and physical activity intervention initiated within a national colorectal cancer screening programme, offering considerable potential for risk reduction of disease in older adults. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN53033856.
Compression and De-calcification for Memcached

Memcached is an in-memory key-value caching system, which is used to resolve the principal contradiction of the disk-based database between the CPU and input/output, has been widely used as an effective way to solve the distance and improve the capacity of the source server. We optimize the performance of Memcached memory access through two ways: improve the density of memory storage and ameliorate the usage of memory. In this paper, we first enhanced Memcached with data compression. Then, we analyze Memcached calcification problem and discuss the influence of the data compression functionality on this problem. At last, we solve the slab selection problem of Memcached memory reclamation with data compression. Experiment results show that to achieve the same hit rate, only 70% of memory is needed with data compression and our de-calcification method for Memcached with data compression increased hit rate of 10%.
Successful Treatment of Depressed, Distensible Acne Scars Using Autologous Fibroblasts: A Multi-Site, Prospective, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Background A previous clinical trial evaluating autologous fibroblasts (human dermal) injections for the treatment of facial contour deformities found significantly greater improvements in wrinkle and acne scar appearance than with placebo treatment. Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of autologous fibroblast treatment of moderate to severe, depressed, distensible facial acne scars with that of vehicle control. Methods This was a randomized multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in subjects with bilateral moderate to severe acne scarring; subjects served as their own controls. Skin biopsies were obtained from randomized subjects for fibroblast production. Subjects (n = 99) underwent three intradermal injection sessions with 2 mL of autologous fibroblast suspension (10–20 million cells/mL) on one cheek and vehicle control (cell culture medium) on the other at 14‐day intervals. Efficacy was based on the blinded subject's, evaluator's, and independent photographic viewer's (IPR) assessment of acne scarring 1 to 4 months after the last treatment. Results Autologous fibroblast treatment was associated with significantly greater treatment success than vehicle control for the subject (43% vs 18%), evaluator (59% vs 42%), and IPR assessments. Autologous fibroblast injections were well tolerated, without permanent adverse effects. Conclusions Autologous fibroblast injections safely and effectively improved the appearance of depressed distensible acne scars.
A Rewrite Approach for Pattern Containment - Application to Query Evaluation on Compressed Documents

In this paper we introduce an approach that allows to handle the containment problem for the fragment XP(/,//,[ ],∗) of XPath. Using rewriting techniques we define a necessary and sufficient condition for pattern containment. This rewrite view is then adapted to query evaluation on XML documents, and remains valid even if the documents are given in a compressed form, as dags.
Design and Testing of BACRA, a Web-Based Tool for Middle Managers at Health Care Facilities to Lead the Search for Solutions to Patient Safety Incidents

Background Lack of time, lack of familiarity with root cause analysis, or suspicion that the reporting may result in negative consequences hinder involvement in the analysis of safety incidents and the search for preventive actions that can improve patient safety. Objective The aim was develop a tool that enables hospitals and primary care professionals to immediately analyze the causes of incidents and to propose and implement measures intended to prevent their recurrence. Methods The design of the Web-based tool (BACRA) considered research on the barriers for reporting, review of incident analysis tools, and the experience of eight managers from the field of patient safety. BACRA’s design was improved in successive versions (BACRA v1.1 and BACRA v1.2) based on feedback from 86 middle managers. BACRA v1.1 was used by 13 frontline professionals to analyze incidents of safety; 59 professionals used BACRA v1.2 and assessed the respective usefulness and ease of use of both versions. Results BACRA contains seven tabs that guide the user through the process of analyzing a safety incident and proposing preventive actions for similar future incidents. BACRA does not identify the person completing each analysis since the password introduced to hide said analysis only is linked to the information concerning the incident and not to any personal data. The tool was used by 72 professionals from hospitals and primary care centers. BACRA v1.2 was assessed more favorably than BACRA v1.1, both in terms of its usefulness (z=2.2, P=.03) and its ease of use (z=3.0, P=.003). Conclusions BACRA helps to analyze incidents of safety and to propose preventive actions. BACRA guarantees anonymity of the analysis and reduces the reluctance of professionals to carry out this task. BACRA is useful and easy to use.
Effects of Centralized and Distributed Version Control on Commit Granularity

Version control systems are critical for coordinating work in large software engineering teams. Recently, distributed version control (DVC) systems have become popular, as they have many advantages over their centralized (CVC) counterparts. DVC allows for more frequent commits, and simplifies branching and merging. These features encourage developers to make smaller, finergrained commits that do not interleave changes related to different development tasks. Such commits improve accountability and ease certain tasks, such as reverting changes that later cause problems. DVC systems are also better suited for repository mining techniques, making available more useful information about the development process [2]. For example, approaches that infer collaboration patterns can benefit from the more detailed attribution of data in DVC. This can be used by an integration server to send email about failed test cases to just the subset of developers who authored the relevant code. DVC may also lead to smaller and more focused commits, which could benefit mining techniques that identify changes relevant to specific development tasks, such as refactorings [3]. However, to date, there has been no explicit evaluation of the practical differences in mining DVC over CVC, though some work acknowledges that developers might use DVC and CVC differently [1]. We report on such an evaluation with one counterintuitive finding that raises doubts about certain DVC promises and opens research questions into what causes DVC and CVC differences. Further, our finding indicates that repository type should be controlled for in repository mining experiments. BODY In a study of six CVC and six DVC repositories we found that the median size of code commits in DVC is 38% larger than in CVC.
Perceptual Image Enhancement

Enhancing image quality has become an important issue as the volume of digital images increases exponentially and the expectation of high-quality images grows insatiably. Digitized images commonly suffer from poor visual quality due to distortions, low contrast, the deficiency of lighting, defocusing, atmospheric influences such as fog, severe compression, and transmission errors. Hence, image enhancement is indispensable for better perception, interpretation, and subsequent analysis. Since humans are generally regarded as the final arbiter of the visual quality of the enhanced images, perceptual image enhancement has been of great interest. In this chapter, we visit actively evolving perceptual image enhancement research. The paper discusses the principles of the human visual system that have been used in perceptual image enhancement algorithms and then presents modern image enhancement models and applications on the perceptual aspects of human vision.
A discrete Fourier transform-based adaptive mimic phasor estimator for distance relaying applications

In protection relaying schemes, the digital filter unit plays the essential roles to calculate the accurate phasor. However, while the fault current contains plentiful decaying dc component, the over-reach of distance protection will cause sever problem. This work develops an adaptive mimic phasor estimator to remove the decaying dc oscillation between voltage and current and obtains the accurate apparent impedance. First, a discrete Fourier transform-based mimic phasor estimator is developed. Then, an adaptive scheme is proposed to obtain the decaying time constant. Unlike the fixed decaying dc time constant used in a digital mimic filter, the proposed algorithm adopts the transmission-line parameters information hiding in the voltage and current measurements to adaptively approximate the decaying dc time constant to the accurate value. Thus, the estimation error in the mimic filter due to the time constant mismatch can be eliminated. Both full-cycle and half-cycle versions are developed in this work. Simulations results illustrate the effectiveness of this new algorithm for distance relaying applications
A content-based rapid video playback method using motion-based video time density function and temporal quantization

In this paper, we propose a new content-based rapid video playback method using motion-based video time density function (MVTDF) and temporal quantization. In particular, we formulate the rapid video playback problem as a generic sampling problem. We present a novel MVTDF using the inter-frame mutual information in pixel level to describe the time density of video motion activities. A MVTDF-based temporal quantization method is then employed to find the best quanta and partition in time domain. The video frames that are the nearest neighbors to the quanta in the quantization codebook are sampled to navigate the video in a non-uniform way. By selecting the most salient set of frames, the technique is integrated into a video player for variable-rate rapid video playback that preserves content. The implementation of video player demonstrates the feasibility of proposed method in practice. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective to capture the important semantic information of video data during rapid playback.
Secondary Erythromelalgia - A Case Report -

Erythromelalgia is a rare neurovascular pain syndrome characterized by a triad of redness, increased temperature, and burning pain primarily in the extremities. Erythromelalgia can present as a primary or secondary form, and secondary erythromelalgia associated with a myeloproliferative disease such as essential thrombocythemia often responds dramatically to aspirin therapy, as in the present case. Herein, we describe a typical case of a 48-year-old woman with secondary erythromelalgia linked to essential thrombocythemia in the unilateral hand. As this case demonstrates, detecting and visualizing the hyperthermal area through infrared thermography of an erythromelalgic patient can assist in diagnosing the patient, assessing the therapeutic results, and understanding the disease course of erythromelalgia.
Neural Signal Processing for fMRI Data

To explore temporal dependencies and noise reduction in fMRI classification problem, we have tested two signal processing techniques, fourier tranform and wavelet transform, for feature creation. Gaussian Naive Bayes is applied on transformed data. We discussed comparison between fourier and wavelet transform, and perform various approaches, including feature selection, boosting and PCA, to explore the possibility to increase the recognition accuracy. Experiment results have shown after applying both wavelet analysis and PCA technique, we can get benefit from combination of these two method. Not only the average recognition rate is enhanced, but also dimensionality of the feature space is greatly reduced.
see me, feel me, touch me, hear me: trajectories and interpretation in a sculpture garden

We apply the HCI concept of trajectories to the design of a sculpture trail. We crafted a trajectory through each sculpture, combining textual and audio instructions to drive directed viewing, movement and touching while listening to accompanying music. We designed key transitions along the way to oscillate between moments of social interaction and isolated personal engagement, and to deliver official interpretation only after visitors had been given the opportunity to make their own. We describe how visitors generally followed our trajectory, engaging with sculptures and making interpretations that sometimes challenged the received interpretation. We relate our findings to discussions of sense-making and design for multiple interpretations, concluding that curators and designers may benefit from considering \'18trajectories of interpretation'.
Diplomarbeit Combining Relational And Full-Text Search On Various Data Sources Under Retention Of Their Original Access Rights

To obtain optimal results in queries over document sets regarding recall and precision it is useful to combine the results from different search strategies into one consistent result set. This creates additional problems different from those in a traditional database system. The complete query consist of a conjunction of atomic queries that can be evaluated each by a different subsystem. A metasearch or mediator layer is needed to unify the individual result sets delivered by the different subsystems. In the case of Electronic Document Management Systems (EDMS) two search strategies are of particular interest, search over the attribute database of a specified document set and a full-text search over the same set of documents, the first one being referred to as search by context and the second one as search by content. In this document the methods for the combination of these two search strategies as done by metasearch/mediator engines and the problems related are examined taking into account the user rights of the searching person or entity. It is particularly interesting what algorithms exist to combine the two independent result sets into one consistent response. Those algorithms are then evaluated regarding execution time, the use of ressources like memory and disk storage and feasibility taking access rights into account.
Urinary Kallikrein Excretion in Normal Man: Relationships to Sodium Intake and Sodium‐Retaining Steroids

The urinary excretion of kallikrein, a renal enzyme that cleaves the potent vasodilator kinin, kallidin, from kininogen, was measured in normal volunteers by three different assays, one of which was a bioassay. When sodium intake was changed from ad libitum or 109 mEq/day to 9 mEq/day, daily kallikrein excretion increased progressively in every subject to a mean maximal value that was 271% of control by day 7; an increase in sodium intake to 259 mEq/day resulted in the return of kallikrein excretion to control values. Urinary excretion of amylase, a protein with a molecular weight similar to that of kallikrein, did not change when sodium intake was changed, but plasma renin activity and aldosterone excretion changed appropriately. In subjects on a constant-sodium (109 mEq/day), constant-potassium (100 mEq/day) diet, fludrocortisone, 0.5 mg/day for 10 days, increased kallikrein excretion to a mean maximal value that was 203% of control. In subjects on a diet containing 9 mEq sodium/day, elevated kallikrein excretion decreased during treatment with spironolactone, 400 mg/day. Rapid administration of water (1 or 2 liters in 30 minutes, orally) or rapid infusion of 2.4 liters of normal saline did not significantly alter urinary kallikrein excretion despite large changes in urine volume or sodium excretion. Thus, kallikrein excretion appears to be directly related to the effective level of circulating sodium-retaining steroid. The findings are consistent with a role for the kallikrein-kinin system in the renal response to sodium-retaining hormones.