Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rules as Simple Way to Model Knowledge - Closing the Gap between Promise and Reality

There is a considerable gap between the potential of rules bases to be a simpler way to formulate high level knowledge and the reality of tiresome and error prone rule bases creation processes. Based on the experience from three rule base creation projects this paper identifies reasons for this gap between promise and reality and proposes steps that can be taken to close it. An architecture for a complete support of rule base development is presented.
Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management: Organizing for Innovation and Growth

How do firms compete? How do firms earn above normal returns? What's needed to sustain superior performance long term? An increasingly powerful answer to these fundamental questions of business strategy lies in the concept of dynamic capabilities. These are the skills, processes, routines, organizational structures, and disciplines that enable firms to build, employ, and orchestrate intangible assets relevant to satisfying customer needs, and which cannot be readily replicated by competitors. Enterprises with strong dynamic capabilities are intensely entrepreneurial. They not only adapt to business ecosystems; they also shape them through innovation, collaboration, learning, and involvement. David Teece was the pioneer of the dynamic capabilities perspective. It is grounded in 25 years of his research, teaching, and consultancy. His ideas have been influential in business strategy, management, and economics, and are relevant to innovation, technology management, and competition policy. Through his consultancy and advisory work he has also brought these ideas to bear in business and policy making around the world. This book is the clearest and most succinct statement of the core ideas of dynamic capabilities. Teece explains their genesis, application, and how they offer an alternative approach to much conventional strategic thinking grounded in simplistic and outdated understandings of industrial organizations and the foundations of competitive advantage. Accessibly written and presented, it will be an invaluable and stimulating tool for all those who want to understand this important contribution to strategic thinking, be they MBA students, academics, managers, or consultants.
Methods for Estimating Value of Time with an Application to the Philippines

A theoretical and empirical innovation of the household production model is the appearance of wages in demand functions. However, creating reasonable econometric instruments for wages is difficult under any circumstances and is particularly troublesome when using data from developing countries, where the prevalence of nonmarket production means that few observations on wages are usually available. In this paper, alternative strategies for creating value-of-time instruments are discussed in detail and, using cross-sectional data from the Philippines, competing methods are implemented and compared. The major finding is that the theory and procedure of correcting for selection bias can substantially improve wage instruments. INTRODUCTION Demand equations derived from the household production model--which focuses on productive activities in the home, human capital, the opportunity cost of time, and prices as determinants of household resource allocation decisions--have been used increasingly to explain household behavior in developing countries. The model's emphasis on time allocation and the price of time, a quantity and a price that are absent from standard consumer demand models, is a theoretical innovation that has improved our understanding of many family-level decisions that have a distinct economic content, including those pertaining to fertility, health, nutrition, labor supply, education, migration, and agricultural production. However, that innovation is also the source of an empirical burden: the need to create reasonable measures of time prices. Unlike the price of homogeneous commodities, the price of time is intimately linked to individual human characteristics and is therefore difficult to measure as a purely exogenous variable. Using individual wage rates to measure the value of time, which would capture the heterogeneous nature of labor, is made difficult by the fact that wages are generally observed only for people who work in market jobs. In developing countries, where there are high levels of self employment, wide use of unpaid family labor in income-producing activities, and substantial reliance on home production for consumption needs, wages are rarely observed. Many strategies have been followed to estimate wages in the face of this problem, including reliance on community wage rates, simple and complex regressions to create wage instruments, estimates of both wage offers and reservation wages, and begging the question altogether by dropping value-of-time variables. One of the advantages of regression methods is that they facilitate
Fat Augmentation for Glottic Insufficiency

Autogenous fat augmentation for glottic insufficiency has commonly been administered in patients with vocal fold paralysis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of autologous fat injection for cases of deficiency of glottal closure such as sulcus vocalis, laryngeal trauma and postoperative scarring. Fat injection was performed on 4 cases of sulcus vocalis and 3 cases of postoperative scarring with laryngeal trauma. Phonatory function and videolaryngostroboscopic data were evaluated before and after the augmentation. After the operation, improvement in wave motion during phonation was observed. Also, in many cases, maximum phonation time was extended. Even in cases where phonation time was not extended, ease of phonation was subjectively recognized. The results of the study suggest that autogenous fat injection may be effective for 東海 大学 医学 部付 属東 京病 院耳 鼻咽 喉科1):〒151-0053東 京 都 渋谷 区代 々木1-2-5 国 際医療 福祉 大学 東京 ボイス セ ンター2):〒107-0052東 京都 港 区赤坂8-5-35 聖母 会聖 母病 院耳 鼻咽 喉科3):〒161-8521東 京都新 宿 区 中落:合2-5-1 1) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokai University School of Medicine: Tokai University Tokyo Hospital: 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053 2)Tokyo Voice Center , International University of Health and Welfare: 8-5-35 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052 3)Department of Otorhinolaryngology , International Catholic Hospital: 2-5-1 Nakaochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 161-8521 2005年4月13日 受稿2005年5月26日 受理
Country Role Models for Development Success: The Ghana Case

The current paper, first, documents Ghana's 'success' story. Second, it identifies the strategy employed. Third, it provides a brief history of why and how the strategy was adopted. Fourth, it provides some rationale for the success of the strategy, including the roles of domestic and international actors. Fifth, it conjectures the viability of the strategy into the future. Finally, the paper draws lessons for possible application to other less successful countries.
A testbed for SCADA cyber security and intrusion detection

Power grid is an important element of the cyber physical systems. Attacks on such infrastructure may have catastrophic impact and hence the mitigation solutions for the attacks are necessary. It is impractical to test attacks and mitigation strategies on real networks. A testbed as a platform bridges the cyber-physical divide by bringing in the physical system inside the cyber domain, and test the attack scenarios. We are proposing such a testbed here that can simulate power systems Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). The testbed consists of traffic generator, simulated devices like Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), Master Terminal Unit (MTU), Human Machine Interface (HMI) etc. and the communication channel wrapped around industrial communication protocols such as IEC-60870-5-101 and DNP3. The proposed testbed includes with a comparator module which helps in detecting potential intrusions at RTU. A compromised RTU can be manipulated to send fabricated commands in the grid or to send polled responses from the grid. Detecting compromised systems at early stages helps in reducing damage to Industrial Control System (ICS) and providing higher security measures.
Characterization of HV-IGBT for high-power inverter applications

This paper presents an optically isolated high-power full-bridge inverter based upon high-voltage integrated gate bipolar transistors. The inverter switching turn-on and -off losses were characterized for thermal design consideration. Design target is for 5 MW power level. An HV-IGBT based full-bridge module was fabricated for device characterization and continuous power testing. The gate driver is optically isolated with desaturation and over-voltage protection and is tested extensively for reliability concerns. Conduction and switching losses were characterized for inverter loss modeling, and the entire inverter loss under sinusoidal pulse-width-modulation operation was projected based on the device characterization results. The three-phase inverter efficiency was then evaluated for the thermal management consideration.
Perelman, Poincare, and the Ricci Flow

In this expository article, we introduce the topological ideas and context central to the Poincare Conjecture. Our account is intended for a general audience, providing intuitive definitions and spatial intuition whenever possible. We define surfaces and their natural generalizations, manifolds. We then discuss the classification of surfaces as it relates to the Poincare and Thurston Geometrization conjectures. Finally, we survey Perelman's results on Ricci flows with surgery.
Literacy Liaison: Sending Literacy Home and Back to School

A pilot project, conducted in a prekindergarten classroom, set out to evaluate the effectiveness of sending literacy bookbags home. The classroom teacher provided children with a variety of literacy bookbags to be taken home on a weekly basis. These bookbags contained books, journals, and writing tools along with activities for family/child interactions. Children shared their home experiences with classmates when they return to school. Parents were surveyed to determine their opinions regarding the project.
Malectin Participates in a Backup Glycoprotein Quality Control Pathway in the Mammalian ER

Malectin is a conserved, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident lectin that recognizes high mannose oligosaccharides displaying terminal glucose residues. Here we show that Malectin is an ER stress-induced protein that selectively associates with glycopolypeptides without affecting their entry and their retention in the Calnexin chaperone system. Analysis of the obligate Calnexin client influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) revealed that Calnexin and Malectin associated with different timing to different HA conformers and that Malectin associated with misfolded HA. Analysis of the facultative Calnexin clients NHK and α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) revealed that induction of Malectin expression to simulate conditions of ER stress resulted in persistent association between the ER lectin and the model cargo glycoproteins, interfered with processing of cargo-linked oligosaccharides and reduced cargo secretion. We propose that Malectin intervention is activated upon ER stress to inhibit secretion of defective gene products that might be generated under conditions of aberrant functioning of the ER quality control machinery.
An Unified Approach to Chinese Classifiers and the English Number System

In this paper, we will try to provide a unified approach to Chinese classifiers and the number system in English. It is argued that the former and the latter are actually two different components of the same linguistic category, serving to divide inherently mass nouns selected from the lexicon into countable units. As a result, numerals can be merged to denote a number reading.
Component-Resolved Diagnosis in Pediatrics

Component resolved diagnosis is a new concept in the investigation of pediatric allergic disease. The aim of the present paper is to review the available data on component resolved diagnosis with respect to implications for investigation of children with allergic disease. In most conditions head-to-head comparisons of component resolved diagnosis with traditional IgE testing have not been performed. Rather than alternatives the molecular methods should be seen as adjuncts to the cheaper traditional specific IgE tests. It may be appropriate to determine IgE antibodies to components as part of the diagnostic work-up in selected cases of peanut and birch pollen allergy and in hymenoptera allergy. However, cost benefit analyses of component resolved diagnosis compared with traditional work-up of allergy are needed. Prospectively planned protocols for assessment of the extent to which component resolved diagnosis may be able to improve the selection of children to immunotherapy and, thus, the efficacy of immunotherapy, are needed. Finally, studies of component resolved diagnosis with microarray technology in screening panels with hundreds of components should be undertaken before it can be determined to which extent such panel screening, if at all, may be helpful in children.
The impact of time varying channels on MAC layer in IEEE 802.11 networks

Channel variation plays a crucial role in data transmission. This variation may affect wireless network protocols like IEEE 802.11 and hence the throughput. We propose the combination of a simple channel estimation method based on basis expansion model with channel prediction to improve the performance of the IEEE 802.11 network's MAC protocols in a time-varying channel environment. When many users try to access the medium, the time separation (delay) between two successive transmissions belonging to the same user may vary due to the fairness mechanism used by the medium access protocols. During this delay, the channel may change and efficient channel modeling and estimation methods should be applied. Time varying channel's estimation and prediction have been proposed in order to mitigate the effect of channel variation on the system's throughput. This proposition mitigates also the impact of pilot signals loss, due to collisions, on the system's throughput. Pilot signals are known to the receiver and they are used to predict the future values of the timevarying channel for the following data reception period.
There’s No More Need to be a Night OWL: on the PR-OWL for a MEBN Tool Before Nightfall

The area of semantics and services has been extremely active in recent years. Advances in making semantic information explicit and machine-interpretable were key to effectively exploit data from disparate sources. In such context, Web Semantic technologies, such as ontologies explicit formal definition of common set of terms describing and representing domains and their relations have emerged as an integration framework to record, distinguish, operate, and integrate web resources. The ability to support inferential reasoning makes ontologies a promising tool for knowledge management. Traditional ontology languages, such as the Web Ontology Language OWL (Patel-Schneider et al., 2004; Heflin, 2004), allow computers to effectively infer multiple meanings for a word, such as “night,”1 but it lacks the ability to finely grade their respective plausibility within contexts. This limitation comes directly from the fact that inferential reasoning in traditional ontologies relies on different flavors of classical logic to support automated reasoning. Although acceptable in a relatively small and well-defined domains with complete and consistent information sources, this is a serious limitation when dealing with open world environments such as the Semantic Web, in which information comes from diverse sources and is often incomplete, inaccurate, or unreliable. Such circumstances could, notably, lead to poor knowledge reuse and integration, reinforcing the need for means to represent and to reason with uncertain information in a principled fashion. For instance, representations based on natural language are intrinsically uncertain, and with little effort anyone can find domains that are strictly bounded to dealing with uncertainty.2 How can we share, integrate or reuse information when there are so many sources of uncertainty? PR-OWL, pronounced as “prowl”, is an approach to face that shortcoming, by extending OWL to enable probabilistic ontology representation. It is a language based on MEBN Multi-Entity Bayesian Network, a formalism that brings together the expressiveness of first-order logic and the inferential power of Bayesian Networks.
Stroke Status Evoked Adhesion Molecule Genetic Alterations in Astrocytes Isolated from Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and the Apigenin Inhibition of Their Expression

We examined the possibility that the expression of adhesion molecules is regulated differently in cultured astrocytes from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/IZM) rats than in those from Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY/IZM) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) and the inhibitory effects of apigenin. It was found that the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by TNF-α in astrocytes isolated from SHRSP/IZM was increased compared with that in WKY/IZM. The expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA induced by H/R in SHRSP/IZM astrocytes was increased compared with that in normal oxygen concentrations. Apigenin strongly attenuated TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 mRNA and protein expression and suppressed the adhesion of U937 cells and SHRSP/IZM astrocytes. These results suggest that the expression levels of adhesion molecules during H/R affect disease outcome and can drive SHRSP/IZM to stroke. It is suggested that apigenin regulates adhesion molecule expression in reactive astrocytes during ischemia.
MFLUSH: Handling Long-Latency Loads in SMT On-Chip Multiprocessors

Nowadays, there is a clear trend in industry towards employing the growing amount of transistors on chip in replicating execution cores (CMP), where each core is simultaneous multithreading (SMT). State-of-the-art high-performance processors like the IBM POWER5 and POWER6 corroborate this CMP+SMT trend. Within each SMT core any of the well-known SMT mechanisms may be applied to face SMT related challenges. Among them, probably the most important issue in an SMT execution pipeline concerns the instruction fetch (IFetch) Policy. The FLUSH IFetch Policy represents a choice for throughput-oriented scenarios. It handles L2 cache misses in order to avoid hardware resource monopolization by any given execution thread; involving an additional energy cost via instruction refetching. However, the new constraints imposed by the CMP+SMT scenario may affect well-known SMT mechanisms, like the FLUSH mechanism. In this paper we revisit the FLUSH mechanism and analyze its application in the emerging CMP+SMT scenario. The included analysis points out the new difficulties to be faced by the FLUSH mechanism in the emerging CMP+SMT scenario. Then we propose a novel IFetch Policy designed to cope with the CMP+SMT scenario: the MFLUSH. We also include a complete evaluation of the MFLUSH policy, both in terms of throughput and energy consumption. Our results indicate that the MFLUSH, specifically designed for the emerging CMP+SMT scenario, succeeds not only in overcoming the specific CMP+SMT constraints but also allowing a 20% energy consumption reduction without a significant system throughput loss.
Power efficient dual dynamic flip-flop design featuring embedded logic using CMOS technology

In this paper, we present a dual dynamic flip-flop (DDFF) and a novel embedded logic module (DDFF-ELM) based on DDFF. These proposed designs remove the large capacitance existing in the precharge node by following a split dynamic node structure to independently drive the output pull-up and pull-down transistors. It presents speed efficient method to incorporate complex logic functions into the flip-flop with small delay penalty and reduces the power dissipation by reducing the precharge capacitance. The DDFF offers power and area reduction. The main aim of the DDFF-ELM is to reduce pipeline overhead which arises due to the pipeline setup time, propagation delay and clock skew. It presents an area, power, and speed efficient method to incorporate complex logic functions into the flip-flop. The execution comparisons are made in 180nm and 250nm CMOS technology. A high speed ring counter with clock gating technology using digital CMOS gate logic components by the DDFF structure is also designed which is well suited for modern high performance circuits. The performance improvements indicate that the proposed designs are well suited for modern high-performance designs where power dissipation and latching overhead are of major concern.
DBpedia Navigator

A vision of the Semantic Web is to bring the benefits of semantic technologies to a wide audience. Large knowledge bases, such as DBpedia, YAGO, and others have emerged and are freely available as Linked Data and SPARQL endpoints. In this article, we introduce the application DBpedia Navigator, which allows users to navigate, search, and browse within DBpedia and the data sets interlinked with DBpedia. In particular, we present a novel feature called navigation suggestions. Based on the last instances viewed in DBpedia Navigator, the user gets suggestions about related instances he may be interested in. Those suggestions make full use of the semantics of the underlying knowledge base and are provided by a supervised Machine Learning algorithm for OWL, which we made available as open source in the DL-Learner project.
The Organic Milk Market in Germany Is Maturing: A Demand System Analysis of Organic and Conventional Fresh Milk Segmented by Consumer Groups

Literature provides evidence of a highly price-elastic demand for organic food. However, most of the studies were conducted several years ago. In the meantime the organic market has matured. Consequently, results in literature need to be reviewed. This study specifically addresses own-price elasticity estimates for organic and conventional milk. The analysis is based on a household panel dataset of 20,000 German households. A two-step estimation procedure is applied. First, a probit regression examines which household characteristics affect the probability of buying organic milk. Second, a linear approximated almost ideal demand system provides detailed demand elasticity estimates. By using up-to-date data, distinguishing between different consumer groups, incorporating sociodemographic information and relying on a considerably large sample size this study is both an update and a refinement of previous research. In contrast to previous studies, econometric results suggest that demand for organic milk is absolutely price-inelastic in Germany. However, price responsiveness differs substantially between milk types and consumer groups. (EconLit classifications: C33, C34, D12). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.