Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Designing A Constitution for a Self-Governing Crowdsourcing Marketplace

Paid crowdsourcing platforms such as Upwork and Amazon Mechanical Turk must jointly serve workers, requesters, and platform owners. However, design and governance decisions tend to be made only by the owners, and in the business interests of the requesters, so the many stakeholders’ issues often remain unaddressed. In response to the resulting frustration and power imbalances, platform users created external tools for communication and platform monitoring [Irani and Silberman 2013], as grassroots alternatives to an improved platform design [LaPlante et al. 2016]. Similar solutions emerged in most paid crowdsourcing platforms [Yin et al. 2016], despite top down controls (e.g., [Amazon 2014; Upwork 2016; Vakharia and Lease 2013]). This trend of asymmetric governance undermines the anticipated future of paid crowdsourcing [Kittur et al. 2013]. In contrast to the top-down governance structures that paid crowdsourcing platforms currently use, we explored a bottom-up approach: open source governance [Rushkoff 2003]. We describe a crowdsourcing platform where constituents have full access to governing documents and participate in writing legislation through an iterative community process akin to how open source software is developed [O’Mahony and Ferraro 2007]. Open source governance has been used in online communities such as Jupyter [Jupyter 2015], and in physical communities such as in Iceland [Landemore 2015]. Crowdsourced democratic deliberation [Aitamurto and Landemore 2016] offers an effective bridging of these approaches into a mechanism driven by participant stakeholders. We introduce the Daemo constitution, a governance document designed to create a formal process for paid crowdsourcing marketplaces that allows and manages operational changes, driven by its users’ preferences. The Daemo constitution provides a set of laws governing the community and a mechanism for those laws to evolve through an amendment process. Workers and requesters may craft arguments for platform changes through amendments. The constitution frees the platform owners to make any design changes or improvements, as long as they do not violate the constitution or its amendments. A jury system arbitrates disagreements on interpretation of the constitution between the workers, requesters and the platform. We implemented the newly introduced Daemo Constitution on top of the open source crowdsourcing marketplace Daemo[Gaikwad et al. 2015]. With support from stakeholder communities, we have written and ratified the Daemo constitution and we are rolling out this approach to governance as the Daemo platform makes its public debut in 2017. This paper aims to discuss the underlying design of the Daemo constitution and the process we have used to develop and validate it so far.
Analysis of maxillary arch force/couple systems for a simulated high canine malocclusion: Part 2. Elastic ligation.

OBJECTIVE To better understand the mechanics of bracket/archwire interaction through analysis of force and couple distribution along the maxillary arch using elastic ligation and to compare these results with passive ligation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An orthodontic simulator was used to study a high canine malocclusion. Force and couple distributions produced by elastic ligation and round wire were measured. Forces and couples were referenced to the center of resistance of each tooth. Tests were repeated for 12 bracket sets with 12 wires per set. Data were compared with those derived from similar tests for passive ligation. RESULTS Propagation of the force/couple systems around the arch using elastic ligation was extensive. Elastic ligation produced significantly more resistance to sliding, contributing to higher forces and couples at the center of resistance than were observed for passive ligation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest some potential mechanical advantages of passive over elastic ligation. In particular, limited propagation around the arch in passive ligation reduces the occurrence of unwanted force/couple systems compared with elastic ligation. These advantages may not transfer to a clinical setting because of the conditions of the tests; additional testing would be required to determine whether these advantages can be generalized.
Game theory and physics

Evolutionary game theory is designed to capture the essentials of the characteristic interactions among individuals. Its most prominent application is the quest for the origins and evolution of cooperation. The effects of population structures on the performance of behavioral strategies became apparent only in recent years and marks the advent of an intriguing link between apparently unrelated disciplines. Evolutionary game theory in structured populations reveals critical phase transitions that fall into the universality class of directed percolation on square lattices and mean-field-type transitions on regular small world networks and random regular graphs. We employ the prisoner’s dilemma to discuss new insights gained in behavioral ecology using methods from physics.
Recent developments in prognostic and predictive testing in uveal melanoma

Purpose of review To provide an update on the rapidly evolving methods for assessing prognosis and predicting response to targeted molecular therapy in uveal melanoma. Recent findings The techniques for assessing prognosis in uveal melanoma have evolved from simple physical features, such as tumor size, location, and cell morphology, to the slightly more sophisticated counting of chromosomal gains and losses. More recently, gene expression profiling has provided a highly accurate and biologically informative gold standard for molecular prognostication. The latest step in the evolution of molecular testing has been the recent discovery of major driver mutations that allow predictive testing of response to targeted molecular therapies. Mutations in GNAQ and GNA11 are early events that promote cell proliferation, and these mutations are sensitive to MAPK kinase, PKC, and AKT inhibitors. Mutations in BAP1, SF3B1, and EIF1AX are later events that are largely mutually exclusive. Mutations in BAP1 are strongly associated with metastasis, whereas those in SF3B1 and EIF1AX are associated with good prognosis. Uveal melanomas with BAP1 mutations demonstrate sensitivity to epigenetic modulators, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors. Clinical trials are now available to evaluate the efficacy of these targeted molecular agents in patients with uveal melanoma. Summary Molecular prognostic testing and enrollment of high-risk patients into clinical trials of targeted molecular therapy are rapidly becoming the standard of care in the management of uveal melanoma.
Identification of the N‐terminal region of TjZNT2, a Zrt/Irt‐like protein family metal transporter, as a novel functional region involved in metal ion selectivity

The Zrt/Irt‐like protein (ZIP) family of transporter proteins is involved in the uptake of essential metal elements in plants. Two homologous ZIP genes from Thlaspi japonicum, TjZNT1 and TjZNT2, encode products that share high amino acid sequence similarity except at the N‐terminus and the cytoplasmic loop between transmembrane domains III and IV, and that have been shown to be Zn2+ and Mn2+ transporters, respectively. To identify the region that determines the ion selectivity of these transporters, we constructed a series of TjZNT1 and TjZNT2 chimeric genes and assayed for the Zn2+ uptake of yeast cells expressing them. As a result, the extracellular N‐terminal ends were identified as regions involved in Zn2+ selectivity. TjZNT2 possesses a 36 amino acid hydrophilic extension at its N‐terminus that is absent in native TjZNT1, and a mutant TjZNT2 lacking the N‐terminal extension was shown to possess Zn2+ uptake activity. This suggests that the extended N‐terminal region inhibits Zn2+ transport by TjZNT2. Further studies showed that it is the first 25 amino acid region of the N‐terminus that is important for the inhibition of Zn2+ transport. Furthermore, the N‐terminal truncated TjZNT2 lacked Mn2+ uptake activity. These findings suggest that the N‐terminal region is a novel substrate selector in the ZIP family of transporters.
Lack of awareness of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis among HIV-infected and uninfected men attending an inner London clinic

An audit of HIV-infected and -uninfected men attending two clinics at an inner London treatment centre demonstrated an alarming lack of awareness of post-exposure prophylaxis following sexual exposure (PEPSE). This audit suggests that strategies for increasing awareness of PEPSE among 'at risk' men are urgently needed.
High Ethanol Titers from Cellulose by Using Metabolically Engineered Thermophilic, Anaerobic Microbes

ABSTRACT This work describes novel genetic tools for use in Clostridium thermocellum that allow creation of unmarked mutations while using a replicating plasmid. The strategy employed counter-selections developed from the native C. thermocellum hpt gene and the Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum tdk gene and was used to delete the genes for both lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) and phosphotransacetylase (Pta). The Δldh Δpta mutant was evolved for 2,000 h, resulting in a stable strain with 40:1 ethanol selectivity and a 4.2-fold increase in ethanol yield over the wild-type strain. Ethanol production from cellulose was investigated with an engineered coculture of organic acid-deficient engineered strains of both C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum. Fermentation of 92 g/liter Avicel by this coculture resulted in 38 g/liter ethanol, with acetic and lactic acids below detection limits, in 146 h. These results demonstrate that ethanol production by thermophilic, cellulolytic microbes is amenable to substantial improvement by metabolic engineering.
Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Contains Two Functional Lytic Origins of Replication

ABSTRACT A 1.25-kbp DNA fragment from the right side of the genome containing the lytic origin of replication (oriLyt) of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) has been identified by a plasmid replication assay. Here we show that a mutant MHV-68 with a deletion of an essential part of this oriLyt, generated by using an MHV-68 bacterial artificial chromosome, was only slightly attenuated and still able to replicate but that a mutant containing an additional deletion on the left side of the genome was replication deficient. The newly identified region was sufficient to support plasmid replication, thus providing evidence for a second oriLyt.
Location Aware Routing in Intermittently Connected MANETs Sadhana V , Ishthaq Ahamed K

Existing mobile ad hoc routing protocols like AODV, DSR and GPSR allow nodes to communicate with one another with an assumption that there exists a connected path from source to destination. Due to limited transmission range, power limitations, mobility of nodes, and the wide physical conditions over which ad hoc networks must be deployed; in some scenarios it is likely that this assumption is invalid leading to intermittent connectivity and absence of end-to-end connections. In this work, we propose a geographical routing algorithm called location-aware routing for delay-tolerant networks (LAROD), enhanced with a location service, location dissemination service (LoDiS), which together are shown to suit an intermittently connected MANET (IC-MANET). LAROD uses a beaconless strategy combined with a positionbased routing for forwarding the packets resulting in less overhead. LoDiS maintains a local database of node locations, which is updated using broadcast gossip combined with routing overhearing. Keywords— Delay-tolerant networks, location service, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), routing protocols, intermittent connectivity.
Etude expérimentale de la convection naturelle aux abords de parois contenant des matériaux à changement de phase

Les parois legeres contenant des materiaux a changement de phase (MCP) constituent une solution au manque d’inertie des bâtiments a structure legere. Cependant, aucune valeur du coefficient d’echange convectif aux abords ce type de paroi n’a encore ete determinee afin de permettre la validation numerique de leur efficacite energetique. C’est pourquoi une etude des echanges convectifs aux abords de parois MCP a ete realisee dans le cadre de cette these. La these comporte un volet theorique sur le couplage air / paroi en regime instationnaire, et un volet experimental. Le volet theorique a permis de montrer que la capacite calorifique des parois legeres de bâtiment est trop elevee pour que des phenomenes transitoire de type “effet de bord d’attaque" puisse se produire dans la couche limite. Un modele simple base sur la methode de Von-Karmann Polhaussen a ete developpe afin de quantifier les effets d’une stratification thermique lineaire sur les profils de temperature a la paroi dans le cas d’une plaque plane verticale avec un flux constant. Le montage experimental qui a ete developpe pour cette these a pour objectif d’imposer des rampes de temperature a l’air ambiant. La face arriere des parois test est isolee thermiquement. Le montage a ete realise a partir de deux demi-caissons qui forment un cube isole de 2; 4mde cote. 72 thermocouples ont ete deployes dans le montage pour determiner les flux et les temperatures a la surface de la paroi et dans l’air ambiant. Les mesures de flux a l’aide de fluxmetre presentant des incertitudes trop elevees, un modele inverse.
Route Table Partitioning and Load Balancing for Parallel Searching with TCAMs

With the continuous advances in optical communications technology, the link transmission speed of Internet backbone has been increasing rapidly. This in turn demands more powerful IP address lookup engine. In this paper, we propose a power-efficient parallel TCAM-based lookup engine with a distributed logical caching scheme for dynamic load-balancing. In order to distribute the lookup requests among multiple TCAM chips, a smart partitioning approach called pre-order splitting divides the route table into multiple sub-tables for parallel processing. Meanwhile, by virtual of the cache-based load balancing scheme with slow-update mechanism, a speedup factor ofN-1 can be guaranteed for a system with N (N>2) TCAM chips, even with unbalanced bursty lookup requests.
Exploring Physiological Parameters in Dynamic WBAN Channels

On-body radio propagation in the 2.45-GHz industrial-scientific-medical frequency band (2.40-2.48 GHz) was investigated during three different activities: jogging, rowing and cycling. Four different links were examined, from the waist to the wrist, ankle, chest and back; it was observed that the channel behavior could be related to the repetitive nature of the activities. Furthermore, combinations of the wrist, ankle, and chest channels could potentially be used to identify the activity, while the waist-back channel shows little variation between activities (roughly 2 dB, compared to 6-15 dB for the other links). The results also show that dynamic on-body radio channels contain rich biomechanical information, such as motion pattern, heartbeat, and breathing process. It is demonstrated that physiological and kinetic features can, therefore, be extracted through some known signal-processing techniques. For example, the repetitive nature of the activities introduces harmonics into the signal via fading, which correspond to the speed of motion. In addition, the mechanical motion of the torso during respiration and cardiac activity also introduce harmonics due to changes in the path loss, albeit with low magnitudes. The detection of such signals is discussed.
Metadata-Aware Measures for Answer Summarization in Community Question Answering

This paper presents a framework for automatically processing information coming from community Question Answering (cQA) portals with the purpose of generating a trustful, complete, relevant and succinct summary in response to a question. We exploit the metadata intrinsically present in User Generated Content (UGC) to bias automatic multi-document summarization techniques toward high quality information. We adopt a representation of concepts alternative to n-grams and propose two concept-scoring functions based on semantic overlap. Experimental results on data drawn from Yahoo! Answers demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in terms of ROUGE scores. We show that the information contained in the best answers voted by users of cQA portals can be successfully complemented by our method.
Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder

Background The relative efficacy of different psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unclear. Aims To determine the efficacy of specific psychological treatments for chronic PTSD. Method In a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, eligible studies were assessed against methodological qualitycriteria and data were extracted and analysed. Results Thirty-eight randomised controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (TFCBT), eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), stress management and group cognitive-behavioural therapy improved PTSD symptoms more than waiting-list or usual care. There was inconclusive evidence regarding other therapies. There was no evidence of a difference in efficacy between TFCBT and EMDR butthere was some evidence that TFCBT and EMDR were superior to stress management and other therapies, and that stress management was superior to other therapies. Conclusions The first-line psychological treatment for PTSD should be trauma-focused (TFCBTor EMDR).
A Proposed Methodology for Optimum Voltage Compensation System Design in Industrial Power Systems

This work presents a methodology for optimum voltage compensation system design guided toward the implementation of a voltage regulation system (VRS) through the SVS technology applied at industrial level. The VRS it is constituted by the SVS: controller, capacitive and inductive units, and a series decouple reactance. The objective consists on determining the optimal sizing of the elements of the VRS in order to maximize the industry savings considering the cost of the VRS and the monetary losses for the lack of compensation
MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS PROJECT N.1 PERSISTENT HOMOLOGY OF SYNTACTIC PARAMETERS CS101/MA191 CLASS WINTER 2015 TAUGHT BY MATILDE MARCOLLI

In recent years, a new approach to data analysis has been developed, based on topological methods. The basic idea is to understand structures in a (large) set of data in a (high-dimensional) space, by associating to it a simplicial topological space and studying its topology. The starting point is a set of data with a proximity parameter (such as a distance function). The simplicial complex (Vietoris-Rips complex) is constructed by taking the set of data as the vertex set and assigning a k-dimensional face (k-simplex) to a k + 1-tuple of data {x0, . , xk} iff the distances satisfy d(xi, xj) ≤ for all 0 ≥ i, j ≤ k. Other versions of simplicial complexes associated to sets of data are described in [1]. General introductions to topological data analysis can be found in [1], [2], [3], [6]. Software packages are available at [5].
Predicting local habitat suitability in changing climate scenarios: Applying species distribution modelling for Diderma hemisphaericum

Over the past few decades, myxomycete research in the Philippines has focused mainly on diversity and systematics studies. As an important player in forest ecosystem, cosmopolitan species like Diderma hemisphaericum can serve as an ideal organism to be modelled for species distribution. Hence, this study was conducted where available species occurrence data of D. hemisphaericum in the Philippines and environmental layers for bioclimatic predictors were subjected in the MaxEnt software to give a predictive current distribution and probable distribution of the species under two changing climate scenarios (A2 and B1). The models show wider spread of the species over the influence of two most important bioclimatic variables, namely isothermality and temperature seasonality. Moreover, the models suggested areas where the species could potentially flourish and calls for possible conservation strategies for those areas that are locally facing threat of habitat loss and rapid deforestation caused by growing urbanization. This is the first report of local species distribution modelling for the Philippines and the whole Southeast Asia.
Research on extreme rainfall over eastern asia using complex networks

We construct a climate network of extreme rainfall over eastern Asia during the period of 1971 to 2000. The study provides valuable insights into the spatial structure of 90th percentile rainfall events during the East Asia Summer Monsoon in June, July, and August (JJA). We calculate degree distribution which is one of the most important and simplest measures of networks from undirected network and directed network. The degree spatial pattern of undirected network is quite different among north, middle and south of eastern Asia, and research indicates the spatial scale of extreme rainfalls synchronization is large over inland regions with non-typical monsoon climate than that of coastal regions with typical monsoon climate. The degree spatial pattern of directed network manifests the moisture sinks and the moisture sources. The result might be great helpful to understanding the dynamical mechanism of extreme rainfalls from a new aspect.
Twelve Years of Change in Coastal Upwelling along the Central-Northern Coast of Chile: Spatially Heterogeneous Responses to Climatic Variability

We use time-series analyses to characterize the effects of recent climate variability upon the local physical conditions at 11 study sites along the northern-central coast of Chile (29–34°S). Environmental indices show that the 1° Bakun upwelling index in this coastal region has fluctuated in time, starting from a stable period around the 1980's, peaking during the mid 90s, decreasing during the next ten years and increasing at a steep rate since 2010. Upwelling intensity decreased with increasing latitude, showing also a negative correlation with climate patterns (El Niño3 sea surface temperature-SST anomalies and the Multivariate El Niño Index). We hypothesize that the impacts of climate variability on upwelling events seem to be spatially heterogeneous along the region. Non-sheltered locations and, particularly, sites on prominent headlands show an immediate (lag = 0) and negative correlation between local SST, upwelling events and wind stress. We suggest that near-shore thermal conditions are closely coupled to large-scale forcing of upwelling variability and that this influence is modulated through local topographic factors.
Bayesian Tensor Inference for Sketch-Based Facial Photo Hallucination

This paper develops a statistical inference approach, Bayesian Tensor Inference, for style transformation between photo images and sketch images of human faces. Motivated by the rationale that image appearance is determined by two cooperative factors: image content and image style, we first model the interaction between these factors through learning a patch-based tensor model. Second, by introducing a common variation space, we capture the inherent connection between photo patch space and sketch patch space, thus building bidirectional mapping/inferring between the two spaces. Subsequently, we formulate a Bayesian approach accounting for the statistical inference from sketches to their corresponding photos in terms of the learned tensor model. Comparative experiments are conducted to contrast the proposed method with state-of-the-art algorithms for facial sketch synthesis in a novel face hallucination scenario: sketch-based facial photo hallucination. The encouraging results obtained convincingly validate the effectiveness of our method.