Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Measuring Power Factor in AC Resistance Spot Welding

The power factor is a very important process variable in ac resistance spot welding (RSW) operation. Because of the variation of welding load during the welding process, the power factor is a time-varying variable. The power factor of RSW cannot be obtained online because the value of power factor angle cannot be directly measured in real time. After analyzing the electrical structure of RSW, a new algorithm for measuring the power factor angle in real time is developed. Then, an integrated algorithm for calculating the power factor on a practical discrete system in real time is proposed. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm can be used to obtain more accurate values of the power factor angle than using other methods over a very large operation range. The final results of power factors obtained from the proposed algorithm are very close to the results from the numerical simulation.
New Insights into the Function of the Immunoproteasome in Immune and Nonimmune Cells

The immunoproteasome is a highly efficient proteolytic machinery derived from the constitutive proteasome and is abundantly expressed in immune cells. The immunoproteasome plays a critical role in the immune system because it degrades intracellular proteins, for example, those of viral origin, into small proteins. They are further digested into short peptides to be presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In addition, the immunoproteasome influences inflammatory disease pathogenesis through its ability to regulate T cell polarization. The immunoproteasome is also expressed in nonimmune cell types during inflammation or neoplastic transformation, supporting a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. Following the success of inhibitors of the constitutive proteasome, which is now an established treatment modality for multiple myeloma, compounds that selectively inhibit the immunoproteasome are currently under active investigation. This paper will review the functions of the immunoproteasome, highlighting areas where novel pharmacological treatments that regulate immunoproteasome activity could be developed.
Specifying and Verifying Crypto-protocols at the Design Level

The clear semantics of Abstract State Machines is tailored to the analysis of crypto-protocols in a realistic environment threatened by an active eavesdropper. The model is intermediate between the abstract approaches based on belief logics, and the lower level approaches based on traces of atomic actions. Properties are stated at the design level with little formal overhead, but reasoning about conndentiality is easily achieved. A former model for public-key crypto-protocols is superseded , and extended to tackle shared-key crypto-protocols. The shared-key Needham-Schroeder is analysed as a case study. Proofs are based on induction, and can be carried out by pen and paper. However, current results are being mechanised.
Follow the $ $ $ : Networks and Flows of Disaster Recovery Funding

Recovery funding from disasters is a complex system of cooperation between formal and informal stakeholders. Network analysis can shed light into the underlying mechanisms that occur during the post-disaster recovery phase. In this study, we apply a data-driven approach on online news articles and other publicly available information about the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake to construct networks of capital flow and organizational coalitions that are formed in the aftermath of the disaster. Studying the interactions and the public investments exchanged between the stakeholders provides insight into the networks and flows underlying disaster recovery funding.
Verbal Fluency and Repetition Skills in Healthy Older Spanish-English Bilinguals

The influence of bilingualism on cognitive test performance in older adults has received limited attention in the neuropsychology literature. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of bilingualism on verbal fluency and repetition tests in older Hispanic bilinguals. Eighty-two right-handed participants (28 men and 54 women) with a mean age of 61.76 years (SD = 9.30; range = 50-84) and a mean educational level of 14.8 years (SD = 3.6; range 2-23) were selected. Forty-five of the participants were English monolinguals, 18 were Spanish monolinguals, and 19 were Spanish-English bilinguals. Verbal fluency was tested by electing a verbal description of a picture and by asking participants to generate words within phonemic and semantic categories. Repetition was tested using a sentence-repetition test. The bilinguals' test scores were compared to English monolinguals' and Spanish monolinguals' test scores. Results demonstrated equal performance of bilingual and monolingual participants in all tests except that of semantic verbal fluency. Bilinguals who learned English before age 12 performed significantly better on the English repetition test and produced a higher number of words in the description of a picture than the bilinguals who learned English after age 12. Variables such as task demands, language interference, linguistic mode, and level of bilingualism are addressed in the Discussion section.
Computer-based Number Categorization as an Intervention for Computer-based Number Line Estimation

Computer-based Number Categorization as an Intervention for Computer-based Number Line Estimation Ama Awotwi The number line is a versatile tool. When used in estimation, it can serve as a visual representation of number. This study evaluated the relationship between sorting numbers by magnitude and number line estimation performance. Fifty-eight participants in Grades 1, 2, and 3 estimated values on a 0-100 number line over four sessions. During two intervention sessions they sorted numbers into 5 categories either linearly or nonlinearly before they estimated the same target values. The linear group’s number line estimates had less error than the nonlinear group’s estimates at posttest. In particular, the participants who started with low numeracy scores in the linear group outperformed their counterparts in the nonlinear group on the number line estimation task. Computer-based number categorization supports computer-based number line estimation skills when numbers are categorized linearly. This finding extends the representational mapping hypothesis to computer-based scaffolds.
Symbolic word clustering for medium-size corpora

When trying to identify essential concepts and relationships in a medium-size corpus, it is not always possible to rely on statistical methods, as the frequencies are too low. We present an alternative method, symbolic, based on the simplification of parse trees. We discuss the results on nominal phrases of two technical corpora, analyzed by two different robust parsers used for terminology updating in an industrial company. We compare our results with Hindle's scores of similarity.
Reflections on beta-adrenergic blockade in anaesthetics.

Sympathetic stimulation constricts the blood vessels of the skin and viscera and contracts the intestinal sphincters and the pilomotor muscles. Similar responses are elicited by adrenaline and are blocked by ergot (Dale, 1906). Adrenaline relaxes the non-pregnant feline uterus and the gall bladder. Cannon and Rosenblueth (1933) suggested that the differences in the effects of sympathetic stimulation on various viscera may have been due to the release of two different agonists, one for excitation (Sympathin E) and one for inhibition (Sympathin I). Von Euler (1946) indicated the need for another explanation when he showed that noradrenaline was released at sympathetic nerve endings.
Developmental Learning: A Case Study in Understanding “Object Permanence”

The concepts of muddy environment and muddy tasks set the ground for us to understand the essence of intelligence, both artificial and natural, which further motivates the need of Developmental Learning for machines. In this paper, a biologically inspired computational model is proposed to study one of the fundamental and controversial issues in cognitive science – “Object Permanence. ” This model is implemented on a robot, which enables us to examine the robot’s behavior based on perceptual development through realtime experiences. Our experimental result shows consistency with prior researches on human infants, which not only sheds light on the highly controversial issue of object permanence, but also demonstrates how biologically inspired developmental models can potentially develop intelligent machines and verify computationalmodeling that has been established in cognitive science.
LiveSphere: Sharing the Surrounding Visual Environment for Immersive Experience in Remote Collaboration

Sharing an immersive experience enhances situational awareness, enabling effective collaboration between persons in different places. The development of a head-worn camera enables us to capture the first-person view and share it as the personal experience. However, the limited viewing angle of such cameras prevents a remote viewer from obtaining a complete surrounding situation. In this paper, we propose a system called LiveSphere, which presents the entire surrounding visual environment using a head-worn system with multiple cameras. The image-stabilizing algorithm compensates image motion caused by the wearer's head movement. This enables the remote viewer to look around the environment independently from the wearer's head direction. We developed a prototype to examine how sharing the surrounding visual environment improves collaboration between persons in different places.
Pivotal Moments in Undergraduate Education: Retention and Student Connection to Campus

Using qualitative methodology the researcher studied what pivotal moments keep students connected to their institution. The researcher conducted five one-on-one interviews with students of varying backgrounds and involvements and found that participants experienced pivotal moments while attending their mid-sized, mid-western, public university. Participants described pivotal moments through helping others, working towards their future goals, and experiencing leadership opportunities that caused them to grow as a student. Family pressure, people on campus, and having more opportunities in college contributed to the pivotal moments that students experienced. Specifically, this mid-sized, mid-western institution's mentors, faculty members, and the close-knit feeling of campus contributed to the connection participants felt to their university. Recommendations for future research and for Student Affairs Professionals are discussed to continue educating campus members on pivotal moments and their influence on students.
1 TAX COMPLIANCE , TAX MORALE AND GOVERNANCE QUALITY

Taxpayers are more compliant than the traditional economic models predict. Why? The literature calls it the “puzzle of tax compliance”. In this paper we use field, experimental and survey data to investigate the empirical evidence on whether presence of tax morale helps to resolve this puzzle. The results reveal a strong correlation between tax morale and tax evasion/compliance which confirms the value of taking the research a step further by looking at the determinants of tax morale. We explore this question with a particular focus on the importance of governance quality. JEL classification: H260
The release of Grand Theft Auto V and registered juvenile crime in the Netherlands

Prior research suggests that playing videogames can have a voluntary incapacitating effect on criminal behaviour. The current study investigates whether this negative association between videogames in general and crime rates can also be found for the release of a single videogame – Grand Theft Auto V (GTAV) – and for registered juvenile crime in the Netherlands. A diminishing effect was modelled to estimate the active player base of GTAV (that is, the most players are active on and directly following release, with a decline in the weeks thereafter) and correlated with the number of registered offences in 2012–15 committed by males aged 12–18 and 18–25 years in a time series analysis. The effect of the release of GTAV was negatively associated with the number of registered offences in both age categories, while controlling for covariates (for example, day of the week). Implications are discussed.
Multiple Access Using MSE-OFDM

In this paper we propose a new multiple access scheme using multi-symbol encapsulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MSE-OFDM). MSE-OFDM is a bandwidth efficient OFDM scheme, where a number of OFDM symbols are grouped together as a frame and protected by one single cyclic prefix. We wish to explore a multiple access MSE-OFDM, where each symbol of the frame is from a different user. Performance analysis of multi-user MSE-OFDM in AWGN and multipath fading channels has been done and the effects of carrier frequency offset and timing offset on its performance have been studied for downlink channel. The signals from multiple users are assumed to be synchronous in the downlink and the channel conditions are also assumed to be similar for each user. The multiple access interference (MAI) should be minimum if the orthogonality of subcarriers is maintained. However, due to carrier frequency offset and symbol timing misalignment, the orthogonality between users may be destroyed resulting in MAI. The MAI has been analyzed for the proposed scheme and can be reduced by using suitable methods for frequency and time synchronization. Expressions for probability of error for multi-user MSE-OFDM in presence of inter-channel interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) have been derived. Both analysis and simulation results are found to be in close agreement.
The open-closed principle

Principle Foundation The heart of this principle addresses the most important truth associated with software development. System requirements will change and dictate the need for us to realize these changes in our software. The basis for this principle is quite simple actually. If we are able to change existing functionality within, or add new features to, our software system without having to modify our existing code base, the growth capability of our software increases significantly.
A 640×512 CMOS Image Sensor with Ultra Wide Dynamic Range Floating-Point Pixel-Level ADC

Analysis results demonstrate that multiple sampling can achieve consistently higher signal-to-noise ratio at equal or higher dynamic range than using other image sensor dynamic range enhancement schemes such as well capacity adjusting. Implementing multiple sampling, however, requires much higher readout speeds than can be achieved using typical CMOS active pixel sensor (APS). This paper demonstrates, using a 640 512 CMOS image sensor with 8-b bit-serial Nyquist rate analog-to- digital converter (ADC) per 4 pixels, that pixel-level ADC enables a highly flexible and efficient implementation of multiple sam- pling to enhance dynamic range. Since pixel values are available to the ADC's at all times, the number and timing of the samples as well as the number of bits obtained from each sample can be freely selected and read out at fast SRAM speeds. By sampling at exponentially increasing exposure times, pixel values with binary floating-point resolution can be obtained. The 640 512 sensor is implemented in 0.35- m CMOS technology and achieves 10.5 10.5 m pixel size at 29% fill factor. Characterization techniques and measured quantum efficiency, sensitivity, ADC transfer curve, and fixed-pattern noise are presented. A scene with measured dynamic range exceeding 10 000 : 1 is sampled nine times to obtain an image with dynamic range of 65 536 : 1. Limits on achievable dynamic range using multiple sampling are presented.
The Theory of Cultural Dimensions

The theory of cultural dimensions constitutes the foundation of a significant portion of comparative cross-cultural business research. From Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) to the GLOBE study (2004), researchers have refined its conceptualization and empirical methods. Even though the theory of cultural dimensions can be criticized from several points of view, it has shown its usefulness for both research and as a teaching tool. Opportunities exist both in a more rigorous application and in the further development of cultural dimensions.
A Double‐Blind, Double‐Dummy, Flexible‐Design Randomized Multicenter Trial: Early Safety of Single‐ Versus Divided‐Dose Rabbit Anti‐Thymocyte Globulin Induction in Renal Transplantation

A previous nonblinded, randomized, single‐center renal transplantation trial of single‐dose rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin induction (SD‐rATG) showed improved efficacy compared with conventional divided‐dose (DD‐rATG) administration. The present multicenter, double‐blind/double‐dummy STAT trial (Single dose vs. Traditional Administration of Thymoglobulin) evaluated SD‐rATG versus DD‐rATG induction for noninferiority in early (7‐day) safety and tolerability. Ninety‐five patients (randomized 1:1) received 6 mg/kg SD‐rATG or 1.5 mg/kg/dose DD‐rATG, with tacrolimus‐mycophenolate maintenance immunosuppression. The primary end point was a composite of fever, hypoxia, hypotension, cardiac complications, and delayed graft function. Secondary end points included 12‐month patient survival, graft survival, and rejection. Target enrollment was 165 patients with an interim analysis scheduled after 80 patients. Interim analysis showed primary end point noninferiority of SD‐rATG induction (p = 0.6), and a conditional probability of <1.73% of continued enrollment producing a significant difference (futility analysis), leading to early trial termination. Final analysis (95 patients) showed no differences in occurrence of primary end point events (p = 0.58) or patients with no, one, or more than one event (p = 0.81), or rejection, graft, or patient survival (p = 0.78, 0.47, and 0.35, respectively). In this rigorously blinded trial in adult renal transplantation, we have shown SD‐rATG induction to be noninferior to DD‐rATG induction in early tolerability and equivalent in 12‐month safety. (Clinical Trials.gov #NCT00906204.)
Copper incorporation in foraminiferal calcite: results from culturing experiments

Abstract. A partition coefficient for copper (DCu) in foraminiferal calcite has been determined by culturing individuals of two benthic species under controlled laboratory conditions. The partition coefficient of a trace element (TE) is an emperically determined relation between the TE/Ca ratio in seawater and the TE/Ca ratio in foraminiferal calcite and has been established for many divalent cations. Despite its potential to act as a tracer of human-induced, heavy metal pollution, data is not yet available for copper. Since partition coefficients are usually a function of multiple factors (seawater temperature, pH, salinity, metabolic activity of the organism, etc.), we chose to analyze calcite from specimens cultured under controlled laboratory conditions. They were subjected to different concentrations of Cu2+ (0.1–20 µmol/l) and constant temperature (10 and 20°C), seawater salinity and pH. We monitored the growth of new calcite in specimens of the temperate, shallow-water foraminifer Ammonia tepida and in the tropical, symbiont-bearing Heterostegina depressa. Newly formed chambers were analyzed for Cu/Ca ratios by laser ablation-ICP-MS. The estimated partition coefficient (0.1–0.4) was constant to within experimental error over a large range of (Cu/Ca)seawater ratios and was remarkably similar for both species. Neither did the presence or absence of symbionts affect the DCu, nor did we find a significant effect of temperature or salinity on Cu-uptake.
Two-source extractors for leaky sources

A (worst-case) 2-source extractor is a deterministic algorithm that transforms pairwise independent weak random sources into almost uniform random strings. Despite non-constructive proofs that such objects exist with almost optimal parameters, it has been a longstanding open problem to construct `explicit' (aka efficient) functions for sources of `small' constant entropy rate. In particular, best known constructions either require entropy rate of at least 0.4999 (due to Bourgain), or one source must remain with constant entropy rate above half (due to Raz). Motivated by cryptographic applications, we observe that if one source is a leaky source (or it contains a few deterministically extractable entropy), then we will be able to efficiently extract almost all entropy from both sources with nearly optimal entropy loss. Further, our extractor (for leaky sources) does not suffer from the half entropy rate barrier, and it works for all linear (and even sub-linear) entropy sources. The extractor is constructed using the technique of alternating extraction by Dziembowski and Pietrzak (FOCS 2007). Finally, we show that the extractor is almost a worse-case extractor (for the same parameters) in the sense that it only fails for a negligible fraction of sources.
Empirical computation of the quasi-optimal number of informants in particle swarm optimization

In the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO), a new particle's position is generated using two main informant elements: the best position the particle has found so far and the best performer among its neighbors. In fully informed PSO, each particle is influenced by all the remaining ones in the swarm, or by a series of neighbors structured in static topologies (ring, square, or clusters). In this paper, we generalize and analyze the number of informants that take part in the calculation of new particles. Our aim is to discover if a quasi-optimal number of informants exists for a given problem. The experimental results seem to suggest that 6 to 8 informants could provide our PSO with higher chances of success in continuous optimization for well-known benchmarks.
A Novel Mutation in a Japanese Family with X-linked Alport Syndrome

We herein report a novel mutation in a Japanese family with an X-linked Alport syndrome (AS) mutation in COL4A5. Patient 1 was a 2-year-old Japanese girl. She and her mother (patient 2) had a history of proteinuria and hematuria without renal dysfunction, deafness, or ocular abnormalities. Pathological findings were consistent with AS, and a genetic analysis revealed that both patients had a heterozygous mutation (c.2767G>C) in exon 32. In summary, the identification of mutations and characteristic pathological findings was useful in making a diagnosis of AS. For a close long-term follow-up, the early detection and treatment of women with X-linked AS are important.
Transmit beamspace design for direction finding in colocated MIMO radar with arbitrary receive array

The transmit beamspace design problem for colocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is considered. We show that the MIMO radar transmit beampattern can be designed so that it is as close as possible to the desired one, the power is uniformly distributed across the transmit antennas, and most significantly, the rotational invariance property at the receive array with arbitrary geometry is satisfied. The latter enables a straightforward application of search-free direction of arrival estimation techniques such as ESPRIT in the unconventional case with the receive array of arbitrary geometry. The transmit beamspace design problem is cast as an optimization problem which is non-convex in general, but can be solved efficiently using the semi-definite programming relaxation technique.