Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure Response on Hydrogen Bonds in Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate and Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate

H. KAGI*, T. NAGAI, K. KOMATSU, T. OKADA, C. WADA, J.S. LOVEDAY and J.B. PARISE Laboratory for Earthquake Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology, and Economic Geology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH93JZ, UK; Departments of Geosciences and Chemistry, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
X-Ray Imaging of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Circinus with Chandra

We present results from the zero-order imaging of a Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer observation of the nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy Circinus. Twelve X-ray sources were detected in the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer-S (ACIS-S) image of the galaxy, embedded in diffuse X-ray emission. The latter shows a prominent (~18'') soft "plume" in the northwest direction, coincident with the [O III] ionization cone. The radial profiles of the brightest X-ray source at various energies are consistent with an unresolved (FWHM ~ 0.″8) component, which we identify as the active nucleus, plus two extended components with FWHM ~ 2. ″3 and 18'', respectively. In a radius of 3'', the nucleus contributes roughly the same flux as the extended components at the softest energies (≲2 keV). However, at harder energies (>2 keV), the contribution of the nucleus is dominant. The zero-order ACIS spectrum of the nucleus exhibits emission lines at both soft and hard X-rays, including a prominent Fe Kα line at 6.4 keV, showing that most of the X-ray lines previously detected with ASCA originate in a compact region (≲15 pc). Based on its X-ray spectrum, we argue that the 2. ″3 extended component is scattered nuclear radiation from nearby ionized gas. The large-scale extended component includes the emission from the northwest plume and possibly from the outer starburst ring.
AGILE Observations of the Gravitational-wave Source GW170817: Constraining Gamma-Ray Emission from an NS–NS Coalescence

The LIGO–Virgo Collaboration (LVC) detected, on 2017 August 17, an exceptional gravitational-wave (GW) event temporally consistent within with the GRB 1708117A observed by Fermi-GBM and INTEGRAL. The event turns out to be compatible with a neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS) coalescence that subsequently produced a radio/optical/X-ray transient detected at later times. We report the main results of the observations by the AGILE satellite of the GW170817 localization region (LR) and its electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. At the LVC detection time T0, the GW170817 LR was occulted by the Earth. The AGILE instrument collected useful data before and after the GW/GRB event because in its spinning observation mode it can scan a given source many times per hour. The earliest exposure of the GW170817 LR by the gamma-ray imaging detector started about 935 s after T0. No significant X-ray or gamma-ray emission was detected from the LR that was repeatedly exposed over timescales of minutes, hours, and days before and after GW170817, also considering Mini-calorimeter and Super-AGILE data. Our measurements are among the earliest ones obtained by space satellites on GW170817 and provide useful constraints on the precursor and delayed emission properties of the NS–NS coalescence event. We can exclude with high confidence the existence of an X-ray/gamma-ray emitting magnetar-like object with a large magnetic field of . Our data are particularly significant during the early stage of evolution of the EM remnant.
Spitzer reveals what's behind Orion's Bar

Abstract We present Spitzer Space Telescope observations of 11 regions in the Orion Nebula all southeast of the Bright Bar. Our Cycle 5 program obtained deep spectra with both the IRS short-high (SH) and long-high (LH) modules with aperture grid patterns chosen to very closely match the same area in the nebula. Previous IR missions observed only the inner few arcmin (the ‘Huygens’ region). The extreme sensitivity of Spitzer in the 10-37 μm spectral range permitted us to measure many lines of interest to much larger distances from the exciting star θ1 Ori C.
An Optimal Balanced Energy Harvesting Algorithm for Maximizing Two-Way Relaying D2D Communication Data Rate

Combining energy harvesting (EH) and device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying 5G cellular networks is a very promising direction to improve both energy and spectral efficiencies. Unlike conventional relay-aided D2D communication that assumes one-way relaying (OWR) protocols, this paper proposes a two-way relaying (TWR) model. It aims to maximize the TWR D2D link rate that shares the uplink (UL) resources of the conventional cellular user (CU) considering the quality of service (QoS) constraints of all users. Besides, the relays are considered to harvest renewable energy (RE) from the ambient environment by relying on an attached solar panel. Also, they can harvest radio frequency (RF) energy from the received signal based on the power splitting (PS) EH protocol. Assuming that the UL resource allocation (RA) is already performed, the paper’s objective is to jointly optimize the transmission power of all users in addition to the PS factor of relays based on the well-known meta-heuristic algorithm particle swarm optimization (PSO). Also, the best relay is selected by relying on the delimited area (DA) mechanism and the balanced residual energy (BRE) leading to TWR D2D link rate maximization and better energy efficiency (EE). The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated through the results as well as comparing its performance to two of the most recent relay-aided D2D algorithms.
Dynamical polarization of graphene at finite doping

The polarization of graphene is calculated exactly within the random phase approximation for arbitrary frequency, wavevector and doping. At finite doping, the static susceptibility saturates to a constant value for low momenta. At q = 2kF it has a discontinuity only in the second derivative. In the presence of a charged impurity this results in Friedel oscillations which decay with the same power law as the Thomas–Fermi contribution, the latter being always dominant. The spin density oscillations in the presence of a magnetic impurity are also calculated. The dynamical polarization for low q and arbitrary ω is employed to calculate the dispersion relation and the decay rate of plasmons and acoustic phonons as a function of doping. The low screening of graphene, combined with the absence of a gap, leads to a significant stiffening of the longitudinal acoustic lattice vibrations.
X-Ray Observations and the Structure of Elliptical Galaxies

We compare optical and high-quality X-ray data for three bright elliptical galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, NGC 4472, 4649, and 4636. The distribution of total mass in NGC 4472 and 4649 determined from X-ray data is sensitive to the stellar mass over a considerable range in galactic radius extending to r ≈ re, the effective radius. The agreement of X-ray and optically determined stellar masses provides a unique verification of the stellar mass-to-light ratio, which is essentially constant over the range 0.1 ≲ r/re ≲ 1. However, for NGC 4636 the dark matter is important at all radii ≳0.35re. Evidently, the dark to stellar mass ratio varies in quite different ways in elliptical galaxies of comparable optical luminosity, implying that the radial structure of dark halos may not be universal. There is some evidence in NGC 4636 for additional support of the hot interstellar gas at r ≲ 0.35re; either a field B ~ 10-4 G or a small (mechanically unstable) central region of high gas temperature (T ~ 107 K) is required. The global temperature structure in the hot interstellar medium of many recently observed elliptical galaxies is very similar, reaching a maximum near 3re-4re. This feature, which may suggest a new structural scale in these galaxies, is inconsistent with current theoretical gasdynamical models.
Quantum versus classical effects at zero and finite temperature in the quantum pyrochlore Yb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$

We study the finite temperature properties of the candidate quantum spin ice material Yb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ within the framework of an anisotropic nearest-neighbor spin $1/2$ model on the pyrochlore lattice. Using a combination of finite temperature Lanczos and classical Monte Carlo methods, we highlight the importance of quantum mechanical effects for establishing the existence and location of the low-temperature ordering transition. We perform simulations of the 32 site cluster, which capture the essential features of the specific heat curve seen in the cleanest known samples of this material. Focusing on recent experimental findings on Yb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ [Scheie et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 127201 and J. D. Thompson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 057203 (2017) ], we then address the question of how the phase boundary between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases changes when subjected to a magnetic field. We find that the quantum calculations explain discrepancies observed with a completely classical treatment and show that Yb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ displays significant renormalization effects, which are at the heart of its reentrant lobed phase diagram. Finally, we develop a qualitative understanding of the existence of a ferromagnet by relating it to its counterpart that exists in the vicinity of the classical ice manifold.
Prediction of user throughput in the mobile network along the motorway and trunk road

The main goal of this research is to create a machine learning model for predicting user throughput in the mobile 4G network of the network provider M:tel Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The geographical area of the research is limited to the section of Motorway "9th January" (M9J) Banja Luka - Doboj, between the node Johovac and the town of Prnjavor (P-J section), and the area of the section of trunk road M17, between the node Johovac and the town of Doboj (J-D section). Based on the set of collected data, several models based on machine learning techniques were trained and tested together with the application of the Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS) method to reduce the space of input variables. The test results showed that the models based on k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) have the lowest relative prediction error, for both sections, while the model created for the trunk road section has significantly better performance.
Modelling Waqf Performance and Governance for Public Universities in Malaysia

Islamic philanthropy in Malaysian education system has been well rooted in religion-based traditional educational institutions. Currently, Waqf and Endowment (WAE) grow rapidly at higher education institutions as an income generation and a long-term financial sustainability initiative. The initiative is as a result of budget cut by 20 percent for public universities since 2016 and 2017 but no raise in fee is allowed. This initiative is in line to recommendation in the University Transformation Programme (UniTP), Purple Book shift No 5, the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education). Being a non-profit organization, the performance of WAE in Malaysian public universities is expected to be different as compared to commercial entities. The importance of having WAE performance measurement may include the economy, effectiveness and efficiency aspects of its activities towards the intended objectives. The method of the study is based on documents review on performance although the literatures on WAE performance measurement in higher education institution is still lacking. As such, the need to develop a holistic model that covers both aspect of performance measurement and good governance are required consistent with the vision of establishment of WAE to act as one of a perpetual financial source for universities. Hence, this research aimed to propose Waqf Performance Measurement and Governance Model used to evaluate WAE’s reliability and performance in Malaysian public universities. Future research is required to test and verify this model on the initial sample from waqf institutes in public universities. The expected finding of this study is this model can become as a main reference in measuring the performance of WAE in Malaysian public universities embedded with good governance principles, that could result the positive implications in strengthening the WAE’s credibility and stakeholder confidence for universities financial sustainability.
UWB Processing Applied to Multifrequency Radar Sounders: The Case of MARSIS and Comparison With SHARAD

We readapt ultrawideband (UWB) processing to enhance the range resolution of the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) up to a factor of 6 (25 m). The technique provides for the estimation of radar signature over a wider spectrum via the application of well-known super-resolution (SR) techniques to adjoining subbands. The measured spectra are first interpolated and then extrapolated outside the original bands. The revised algorithm includes the estimation and removal of ionospheric effects impacting the two signals. Because the processing requires the realignment of the echoes at different frequencies, we derived the maximum tolerable retracking error to obtain reliable super-resolved range profiles. This condition is fulfilled by low-roughness areas compared to MARSIS wavelength, which proves to be suitable for the application of our processing. Examples of super-resolved experimental products over different geological scenarios show the detection of shallow dielectric interfaces not visible from original MARSIS products. Our results are validated by comparison with the Shallow Radar (SHARAD) data acquired at the crossovers, demonstrating the potential of the method to provide enhanced imaging capabilities.
An Almost Analytical Approach to Simulating 2D Electronic Spectra

We introduce an almost analytical method to simulate 2D electronic spectra as a double Fourier transform of the the non-linear response function (NRF) corresponding to a particular optical pulse sequence. We employ a unitary transformation to represent the total system Hamiltonian in a stationary basis that allows us to separate contributions from decoherence and phonon-mediated population relaxation to the NRF. Previously, one of us demonstrated the use of an analytic, cumulant expansion approach to calculate the decoherence term. Here, we extend this idea to obtain an accurate expression for the population relaxation term, a significant improvement over standard quantum master equation-based approximations. We numerically demonstrate the accuracy of our method by computing the photon echo spectrum of a two-level system coupled to a thermal bath, and we highlight the mechanistic insights obtained from our simulation.
Perturbation Observation Method-Based Optimization Seeking Control of Soft-Switching and No Backflow Power for LCL Resonant-Type Dual Active Bridge DC–DC Converters

LCL-type resonant dual active bridge (LCL-DAB) dc–dc converters feature high gain, high power density, and low reactive current. To further improve the efficiency, based on the dual-phase shift (DPS) modulation method, the operating characteristics are first derived and the design regions of soft-switching and no backflow power are established, and then a perturbation observation method-based optimization seeking control of soft-switching and no backflow power is proposed in this article. In the starting process, the system first tracks the reference voltage according to the relationship between the inner and outer phase shift ratio obtained by the first harmonic approximation. Then, the outer phase shift ratio is perturbed based on the characteristics of soft-switching and backflow power, approaching the target phase shift ratio stepwise, while the inner phase shift ratio is calibrated to hold the output voltage. Both H bridges can operate in soft-switching mode, and on this basis, the backflow power was eliminated to the maximum extent. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Instabilities of Internal Gravity Wave Beams

Internal gravity waves play a primary role in geophysical fluids: They contribute significantly to mixing in the ocean, and they redistribute energy and momentum in the middle atmosphere. Until recently, most studies were focused on plane wave solutions. However, these solutions are not a satisfactory description of most geophysical manifestations of internal gravity waves, and it is now recognized that internal wave beams with a confined profile are ubiquitous in the geophysical context. We discuss the reason for the ubiquity of wave beams in stratified fluids, which is related to the fact that they are solutions of the nonlinear governing equations. We focus more specifically on situations with a constant buoyancy frequency. Moreover, in light of recent experimental and analytical studies of internal gravity beams, it is timely to discuss the two main mechanisms of instability for those beams: (a) the triadic resonant instability generating two secondary wave beams and (b) the streaming instability corr.
On the Origin of Solar Oscillations

We have made high-resolution observations of the Sun in which we identify individual sunquakes and see power from these seismic events being pumped into the resonant modes of vibration of the Sun. A typical event lasts about 5 minutes. We report the physical properties of the events and relate them to theories of the excitation of solar oscillations. We also discuss the local seismic potential of these events.
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)-Inhibitors in Cancer Therapeutics

While continuous global efforts are directed towards finding a conclusive medication for cancer treatment, any gold standard drug product or process is yet to be achieved. Although, many promising compounds were identified over the years to fight cancer progression, most of them still remain restricted within clinical trial phases. Among several identified pathways for modulating cancer progression, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) pathway inhibition has shown a greater potential. BTK regulates various aspects of B-cell lineages including proliferation, activation, differentiation, and survival. BTK is also responsible for multiple cellular signaling pathways, of which, FcR signaling cascade and B- cell receptor signaling are notable. Interestingly, BTK expression was reported to be excessively high in all the areas where B-cell mediated malignancies occur. Vivid involvement of BTK in several autoimmune diseases also rationally support the realization that BTK inhibition could be a conclusive therapeutic approach for cancer. In this short communication, we discuss the potential of BTK inhibitors in cancer therapeutics, considering the most recent literature.
Mapping Freezing and Thawing Surface State Periods With the CYGNSS Based F/T Seasonal Threshold Algorithm

Freeze/Thaw (F/T) surface state detection and imaging has been demonstrated as a capability of NASA's Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System mission. The objective of the research presented here is the application of an existing F/T retrieval algorithm to multiple target areas over several years in order to demonstrate the ability to provide long term trending of F/T behavior. Metrics are developed and evaluated to characterize F/T trends related to global warming. They include the annual fraction of time spent frozen and thawed as a function of location and year, and the earliest fall freeze and earliest spring thaw as a function of location and year. The results demonstrate the capability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry to provide long term trending of F/T behavior relevant to studies of climate change.
Global Defects in Field Theory with Applications to Condensed Matter

We review investigations on defects in systems described by real scalar fields in (D, 1) space-time dimensions. We first work in one spatial dimension, with models described by one and two real scalar fields, and in higher dimensions. We show that when the potential assumes specific form, there are models which support stable global defects for D arbitrary. We also show how to find first-order differential equations that solve the equations of motion, and how to solve models in D dimensions via soluble problems in D = 1. We illustrate the procedure examining specific models and showing how they may be used in applications in different contexts in condensed matter physics, and in other areas.
MRI of skeletal muscles in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: characteristic findings and diagnostic performance in dermatomyositis

Objective To define the characteristic findings on MRI of skeletal muscles in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) relative to those in patients with other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) and to assess their diagnostic performance in DM. Methods Thirty-six patients with DM, 17 patients with amyopathic DM, 19 patients with polymyositis and 16 patients with non-IIM classified by the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology criteria were included in this study. The following MRI findings (short-tau inversion recovery [STIR] and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted imaging [Gd-T1WI]) for proximal limb muscles were compared between the disease groups and between myositis-specific autoantibodies/myositis-associated autoantibodies (MSAs/MAAs)-positive and MSAs/MAAs-negative groups: structures with high signal intensity (HSI) (subcutaneous, fascia, muscle); distributions of HSI areas in muscle (diffuse, patchy, peripheral) and patterns of HSI in muscle (honeycomb, foggy, strong HSI). Univariate, multivariate and receiver-operating characteristic [ROC] analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of MRI in DM. Results The characteristic MRI findings in patients with DM were subcutaneous HSI, fascial HSI, peripheral distribution and honeycomb pattern. The MRI findings in the MSAs/MAAs-positive group included more frequent fascial HSI but less frequent foggy pattern compared with the MSAs/MAAs-negative group. Likelihood of DM score ≥ 3 (obtained by counting the number of characteristic MRI findings in patients with DM) showed good diagnostic performance in DM (STIR: sensitivity 72.2%, specificity 88.5%, area under ROC curve [AUC] 84.9%; Gd-T1WI: sensitivity 81.2%, specificity 91.5%, AUC 89.9%). Conclusion The characteristic MRI findings of skeletal muscles can predict patients with DM as well as patients with MSAs/MAAs.
An Estimation and Compensation Method for Motion Trajectory Error in Bistatic SAR

Bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) has drawn increasing attention in recent studies benefiting from its ability for forward-looking imaging, its capability of receiver radio silence and its resistance to jamming. However, the motion trajectory error compensation of BiSAR is a challenging task due to multiple error sources and complex effects. In this paper, an estimation and compensation method for three-dimensional (3D) motion trajectory error of BiSAR is proposed. In this method, the Doppler error of multiple scattering points is estimated firstly by using the time–frequency analysis method. Next, a local autofocus process is introduced to improve the Doppler error estimation accuracy. Then, the 3D trajectory error of BiSAR is estimated by solving a series of linear equations of the trajectory error and the Doppler error with the least squares method, and a well-focused BiSAR image is produced by using the corrected 3D trajectories. Finally, simulation and experiment results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.