Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflict Between Mothers and Adolescents in Single-Mother, Blended, and Two-Biological- Parent Families

Objective. This investigation was designed to shed light on household structure differences in mother - adolescent conflict. Design. A total of 453 early, mid, and late adolescents from 3 ethnic groups completed questionnaires describing the rate and affective intensity of daily conflicts with mothers and fathers in single-mother (divorced or never married), 2-biological-parent, and blended (remarried) families. Results. Compared to sons, daughters reported more disagreements with mothers and more negative affect in disagreements with mothers and fathers. Adolescents reported more total disagreements and more angry disagreements with single mothers than with mothers in 2-biological-parent families; adolescents in blended families fell in between. Reports of conflict with fathers did not differ across 2-biological-parent families and blended families. There were no household structure differences in conflict with parents (mothers and residential fathers combined), indicating that levels of conflict with single mothers are elevated by approximately the same number of disagreements that otherwise fall to fathers in 2-parent households. Potential moderators (adolescent age, ethnicity, and gender, maternal employment, prior marital status of single-mothers, socioeconomic status, and levels of social interaction) did not alter the results. Conclusions. For adolescents, single parenthood restricts the number of partners available for disagreement but has little bearing on the number or affective tenor of daily disagreements with mothers. In contrast, single parenthood is associated with elevated levels of family discord for mothers.
Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous BRDT mutation in a patient with acephalic spermatozoa

Acephalic spermatozoa is a very rare disorder of male infertility. Here, in a patient from from a consanguineous family, we have identified, by whole-exome sequencing, a homozygous mutation (c.G2783A, p.G928D) in the BRDT gene. The gene product, BRDT, is a testis-specific protein that is considered an important drug target for male contraception. The G928D mutation is in the P-TEFb binding domain, which mediates the interaction with transcription elongation factor and might affect the transcriptional activities of downstream genes. By RNA-sequencing analysis of cells expressing the BRDT mutation, we found the p.G928D mutation protein causes mis-regulation of 899 genes compared with BRDT wild-type cells. Furthermore, by Gene Ontology analysis, the upregulated genes in p.G928D cells were enriched in the processes of intracellular transport, RNA splicing, cell cycle and DNA metabolic process, revealing the underlying mechanism of the pathology that leads to acephalic spermatozoa.
Moduli of marked Riemann surfaces

The purpose of this note is to exhibit a set of complex analytic moduli for the space of closed Riemann surfaces of genus g§^2, marked by a basis for the fundamental group. That one could find such moduli (i.e., biholomorphically embed the Teichmüller space of genus g in C*~) was proven by Bers [2]. His moduli are variational—they depend on a choice of base surface. Our moduli are in some sense intrinsic, similar to the (real) moduli of Fenchel-Nielsen [4] and Keen [5]. In fact our moduli should be regarded as the complex analogue of the Fenchel-Nielsen and Keen moduli. (The geometric relationship between these different moduli is clear, and they are real-analytically equivalent.) The actual expressions for the moduli given below involve multiplicative constants and square roots. These normalizations serve two purposes. First, the moduli space is contained in a product of half-planes. Second, with these normalizations, the group of translations
A Multidimensional Scaling Approach to Indexing by Metric Adaptation and Representation Upgrade

Following recent neurophysiological research, one important role of emotions consists in providing a mechanism for adequate and efficient response to relevant stimuli (Damasio 1994). In this paper we propose a methodology for implementing such a mechanism, based on a previously presented emotion-based agent model (Ventura & Pinto-Ferreira 1998). This model is founded on a double knowledge representation paradigm: a stimulus reaching the agent is processed under two different and simultaneous perspectives — a simple (termed perceptual) and a complex (termed cognitive) — from which two differing representation schemata are derived. The perceptual representation is oriented to capturing the relevant aspects of the environment, aiming at a quick response to urgent situations, while the cognitive one is directed towards high-level cognitive processing. These two representations are associated and stored in the agent memory in such a way that, in the future, if the agent is confronted with a similar situation, the perceptual representation will help the retrieval of the cognitive one in an efficient way. This indexing mechanism provides a quick algorithm to find cognitive matches. The indexing mechanism addressed in this paper was previously formulated and theoretically analyzed, under the assumption that the matching of the cognitive and perceptual images are performed in metric spaces (Ventura & PintoFerreira 2002). Given a stimulus s ∈ S, the agent extracts two kinds of representations: a perceptual image ip ∈ Ip, and a cognitive one ic ∈ Ic. Each one of the sets Ip and Ic of all possible perceptual and cognitive images is equipped with a metric function, denoted by dp : Ip × Ip → R0 and dc : Ic×Ic → R0 respectively, mapping pairs of images to distances, interpreted as degrees of mismatch. The memory is assumed to be formed by pairs of cognitive and perceptual images 〈ic , ip〉 (k = 1, . . .). The goal of the indexing mechanism is then to find the memory pair which cognitive image minimizes its distance to the one extracted from the stimulus, employing the perceptual representation to do so in an efficient manner. The research presented here concerns the following prob-
Amoxicillin for Postexposure Inhalational Anthrax in Pediatrics: Rationale For Dosing Recommendations

We reviewed information about the safety and plasma pharmacokinetic data for amoxicillin, specifically related to its potential use for postexposure inhalational anthrax. Amoxicillin (45 mg/kg/d) given orally in 3 divided doses to pediatric patients <40 kg should yield an adequate time above the MIC for susceptible Bacillus anthracis (≤0.5 μg/mL) over most of the dosing interval (75–100%). Doses <45 mg/kg/d and dosing intervals longer than 8 hours should not be used for postexposure inhalational anthrax.
Measuring of "Idea-Based" Influence of Scientific Papers

Traditional bibliometrics such as citation counts and Science Citation Index are often used to find most influential and quality scientific articles. Modern methods of analysis of citation graph take into account the content of the articles. Topical influence measures a tendency of an article to influence the ideas of citing articles. The presented method estimates the information content and ideas of scientific articles based on linguistic approach. The method can measure "idea-based" influence and how ideas propagate between articles. Idea is presented very precisely as a set of phrases with similar meaning. Phrases representing the ideas in the texts of the articles form together a system of implicit references/links. Implicit link is a reference to the author or his ideas in the text. Bibliometric indicators which in addition to bibliographic references also take into account the implicit links can more accurately measure scientific impact and the quality of the articles.
Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular Disease in Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the leading cancer diagnosis and second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality for men in the United States. Due to the increased prevalence of prostate cancer in men older than 50 years, men at risk for prostate cancer represent the same population of men who are at greatest risk for metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition to risk factors for CAD that are applicable to the general population, men with prostate cancer can be at increased risk for CAD due to long‐term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) administered as treatment for prostate cancer. Men undergo ADT by medical (drug therapy) or surgical (castration) means. Luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists are the primary drug therapies used for ADT. Commercially available LHRH agonists are goserelin, histrelin, leuprolide, and triptorelin. Body composition changes, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and acute coronary syndrome are all reported adverse effects of ADT, which are consequences of reduced levels of circulating testosterone. Metabolic and body composition changes associated with ADT arise within months of beginning medical ADT and persist after discontinuation of therapy. To better understand the increased risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart disease in patients undergoing ADT for prostate cancer, we performed a MEDLINE search (1986–2008) to identify pertinent studies and reports. Additional citations were obtained from the articles retrieved from the literature search. We found that the increased risk for serious cardiovascular disease becomes evident within months of beginning ADT. Pharmacists should provide counseling to these patients on primary disease prevention. Men receiving ADT should be monitored routinely for signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and CAD. Healthy lifestyle practices should be encouraged, and physical therapy should be considered for these patients.
Contribution of Post-Transplant Social Support to the Quality of Life of Transplant Recipients

Abstract With advances in medicine and pharmacology, post-transplant quality of life (QoL) has become a major concern of researchers. In social work transplant practice, provision of social support towards QoL warrants attention. The purposes of this study were (1) to describe the social support networks of kidney, liver, and pancreas transplant recipients during the post-transplant phase of their recovery, and (2) to examine the correlations between the types and nature of social support networks and the QoL of these transplant recipients. We conducted an exploratory-descriptive study in a US university's transplant clinic. Instruments were the Social Network Map, Adult Self-image Scale, Sickness Impact Profile, and Quality of Life Index. Descriptive statistics, and correlation analyses were used with a significance level of . 05. We observed correlations between concrete and emotional support, and direction, closeness and duration of support, and QoL. Based on our findings, we discussed implications for research and practice.
Concurrent indoor map construction and patterns of interests recognition using sensory fusion approach for service robotics

It is desirable that an Intelligent Service Robot (ISR) will not only construct the environment map but also recognize the meaningful symbols/signs in the building it services simultaneously. The objective of this paper is to describe an ISR autonomously estimate the environment structure and simultaneously detect the commonly recognized symbols/signs in the building. The result is an information map constructed by the environment geometry from a laser range finder and the indoor indicators from visual image. To implement this indicative information map, sensory fusion techniques: batch Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) and Covariance Union (CU) are tactically utilized for robust pose and sign estimations in a single SLAM process. Also, a 2.5D indicative environment map has been constructed rapidly with the 3D Mesa SwissRanger. We have successfully demonstrated the proof of concept experimentally and summarized in the concluding remarks.
CLCM - A Linguistic Resource for Effective Simplification of Instructions in the Crisis Management Domain and its Evaluations

Due to the increasing number of emergency situations which can have substantial consequences, both financially and fatally, the Crisis Management (CM) domain is developing at an exponential speed. The efficient management of emergency situations relies on clear communication between all of the participants in a crisis situation. For these reasons the Text Complexity (TC) of the CM domain needed to be investigated and showed that CM domain texts exhibit high TC levels. This article presents a new linguistic resource in the form of Controlled Language (CL) guidelines for manual text simplification in the CM domain which aims to address high TC in the CM domain and produce clear messages to be used in crisis situations. The effectiveness of the resource has been tested via evaluation from several different perspectives important for the domain. The overall results show that the CLCM simplification has a positive impact on TC, reading comprehension, manual translation and machine translation. Additionally, an investigation of the cognitive difficulty in applying manual simplification operations led to interesting discoveries. This article provides details of the evaluation methods, the conducted experiments, their results and indications about future work.
Locating Various Ship License Numbers in the Wild: An Effective Approach

Ship License Numbers (SLNs) play a significant role in intelligent waterway transportation systems. However, there is a dearth of published papers concerning the location of SLNs. In this paper, we present an effective coarse-to-fine approach for locating various SLNs. The proposed method contains four main steps. First, for ships in the wild, the coarse problem of locating SLNs is posed as the detection of specific text groups. In this phase, the proximity and similarity laws of Gestalt Theory are collaboratively used to create text-group hypotheses and detect the meaningful region groups that may contain text in input images. In the second step, four SLN prior features are first summarized. An SLN prior-based fine location process is then conducted to determine the locations of text candidates that actually contain characters and text, i.e., the candidate SLNs. Two connected component classification and merging algorithms are proposed based on height continuity and vertical/horizontal projection analysis. Third, a connected-component scatter-based fake-SLN elimination algorithm is developed. The accurate positions of the SLNs in the input image are obtained in this stage. Finally, partially located SLNs are compensated by a method that characterizes the color and brightness similarity features of characters in the same SLN. The proposed approach is then applied to two collected datasets. The approach is proved to be effective with an overall ship-level location accuracy of 70.38% and a SLN-level F-measure of 0.642 on 950 images with 1374 labeled SLNs.
Minimizing Resource Rent Loss while Maximizing User Availability in Cloud Applications through Online Switching of the Scaling Method

Clouds offer access to virtually unlimited resources. Applications requiring a variable number of resources (i.e., elastic) are hence ideal for such a scenario. As cloud resources are usually paid by the hour applications need efficient ways of predicting their requirements in order to reduce costs. In addition we need to maximize user satisfaction through high application availability. Finding the best balance between them is a crucial task. In this paper we consider the case of commercial web applications and focus on the hit rate as scaling factor. Since it is known that no scaling algorithm can have a definite edge over the rest we propose three strategies for online scaling strategy switching. The first one chooses at each step always the best strategy. The second one focuses on analysing the probability distribution of the historic hit rate and determining the best scaling method for it. Finally, the third one relies on changing the method without needing to know the distribution through random choices. Results show that given the fluctuations and uncertainty of cloud environments and user behaviour the most suited method for online selection of the scaling strategy is the first one based on the best strategy.
Assessing Juvenile Sexual Offenders' Risk for Reoffending

The purpose of this research was to investigate how best to identify juvenile sexual offenders who are likely to reoffend. The juvenile justice records of 112 male juvenile sexual offenders were examined. Information obtained during evaluation at a specialized, community-based program was compared with records of subsequent sexual and nonsexual reoffending. Certain characteristics of the referral offense and aspects of the offender's clinical presentation were found to be reliably related to reoffending; on several dimensions the nonsexual reoffenders differed markedly from the sexual reoffenders. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the combination of predictor variables that best discriminated reoffense groups.
Functional Fluids on Surfaces

Fluid simulation plays a key role in various domains of science including computer graphics. While most existing work addresses fluids on bounded Euclidean domains, we consider the problem of simulating the behavior of an incompressible fluid on a curved surface represented as an unstructured triangle mesh. Unlike the commonly used Eulerian description of the fluid using its time‐varying velocity field, we propose to model fluids using their vorticity, i.e., by a (time varying) scalar function on the surface. During each time step, we advance scalar vorticity along two consecutive, stationary velocity fields. This approach leads to a variational integrator in the space continuous setting. In addition, using this approach, the update rule amounts to manipulating functions on the surface using linear operators, which can be discretized efficiently using the recently introduced functional approach to vector fields. Combining these time and space discretizations leads to a conceptually and algorithmically simple approach, which is efficient, time‐reversible and conserves vorticity by construction. We further demonstrate that our method exhibits no numerical dissipation and is able to reproduce intricate phenomena such as vortex shedding from boundaries.
The action of acetylcholine on conduction in mammalian non‐myelinated fibres and its prevention by anticholinesterase

Although acetylcholine excites nerve endings (Brown & Gray, 1958; Douglas & Gray, 1953; Zotterman, 1953; Gray & Diamond, 1957; Diamond, 1959; Douglas & Ritchie, 1960), there is a lot of experimental evidence which suggests that it does not act on the main part of the fibre running in the nerve trunk. For example, it does not initiate impulses when injected close-arterially into mammalian nerve trunks or when applied to amphibian single nerve fibres (Jarrett, 1956), it does not depolarize the fibre or block conduction (Lorente de No, 1944; Straub, 1955) and it does not alter the membrane conductance of squid giant axons (Hodgkin, 1947). However, in a recent series of experiments where acetylcholine was injected close-arterially into the cat's skin to study its excitatory effect on the endings of sensory non-myelinated fibres of mammalian cutaneous nerves (Douglas & Ritchie, 1960), a striking change was often observed in the shape of an antidromic C potential recorded from the nerve near the point where it left the skin. The type ofchange observed suggested that the after-potential had been altered. The affected region of the nerve was close to the skin, and it was observed that often the closearterial injection not only reached the skin, but also perfused the nerve. It thus seemed likely that externally applied acetylcholine could alter the electrophysiological properties of mammalian C fibres, but with the techniques then used no definite conclusions could be reached. The present experiments use a technique more suited to this particular problem and deal with the action of acetylcholine on non-myelinated fibres in isolated mammalian nerves.
Impact of NS5A sequences of Hepatitis C virus genotype 1a on early viral kinetics during treatment with peginterferon- alpha 2a plus ribavirin.

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 is the most prevalent genotype in Western countries, and treatment with pegylated interferon (pegIFN) plus ribavirin fails in 50%-60% of patients. Genetic variability within the NS5A dsRNA-dependent protein kinase binding domain (PKRbd) of HCV-1b has been associated with responsiveness to IFN- alpha . Little is known about NS5A sequences of HCV-1a. We investigated whether genetic variability of HCV-1a NS5A correlates with the early HCV kinetics during treatment. METHODS Twenty-four treatment-naive, HCV-1a-infected patients were treated with standard doses of pegIFN- alpha 2a plus ribavirin. HCV viremia was quantitated at days 0, 1, 2, and 3 and weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 of treatment. According to HCV kinetics, patients were classified as early rapid responders, early moderate responders, or early slow responders. The full-length HCV NS5A was sequenced at baseline and at week 1. RESULTS At baseline, variability of the NS5A C terminus (concentrated in the PKRbd) is associated with interferon efficacy but not with the second phase of the early viral decline that has been associated with a sustained virologic response. Comparisons between baseline and week-1 full-length sequences did not show significant increases in mutations. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variability of HCV-1a NS5A does not predict responsiveness to IFN- alpha . Differences in early kinetics during combination therapy are not due to selection of IFN-resistant HCV strains.
Mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial citrate synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are encoded by distinct homologous genes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two genes, CIT1 and CIT2, encoding functional citrate synthase (K.-S. Kim, M. S. Rosenkrantz, and L. Guarente, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1936-1942, 1986). We show here that CIT2 encodes a nonmitochondrial form of citrate synthase. The DNA sequence of CIT2 presented provides a possible explanation for why the CIT2 product, unlike the CIT1 product, fails to be imported into mitochondria. While the products of these two genes are highly homologous, they diverge strikingly at their amino termini. The amino terminus of the CIT1 primary translation product extends 39 residues beyond the amino termini of Escherichia coli and porcine citrate synthases. This extension consists of a typical mitochondrial targeting motif. The amino terminus of the CIT2 primary translation product extends 20 residues beyond the amino termini of the E. coli and porcine enzymes. The CIT2-encoded extension is not homologous to that of CIT1, resulting in a nonmitochondrial localization of the product. The CIT2-encoded extension, however, does bear certain similarities to mitochondrial targeting sequences. The possible role of this sequence in targeting this CIT2 product to a nonmitochondrial organelle is discussed.
Quantile Analysis: A Method for Characterizing Data Distributions

Analyzing distributions of data represents a common problem in chemistry. Quantile-quantile (QQ) plots provide a useful way to attack this problem. These graphs are often used in the form of the normal probability plot, to determine whether the residuals from a fitting process are randomly distributed and therefore whether an assumed model fits the data at hand. By comparing the integrals of two probability density functions in a single plot, QQ plotting methods are able to capture the location, scale, and skew of a data set. This procedure provides more information to the analyst than do classical statistical methods that rely on a single test statistic for distribution comparisons.