Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of synthetic RTL benchmark circuits with predefined testability

This article presents a new real-world application of evolutionary computing in the area of digital-circuits testing. A method is described which enables to evolve large synthetic RTL benchmark circuits with a predefined structure and testability. Using the proposed method, a new collection of synthetic benchmark circuits was developed. These benchmark circuits will be useful in a validation process of novel algorithms and tools in the area of digital-circuits testing. Evolved benchmark circuits currently represent the most complex benchmark circuits with a known level of testability. Furthermore, these circuits are the largest that have ever been designed by means of evolutionary algorithms. This work also investigates suitable parameters of the evolutionary algorithm for this problem and explores the limits in the complexity of evolved circuits.
Finite Element Techniques for Fitting a Deformable Model to 3D Data

This paper presents a physics-based approach to surface reconstruction using an elastically deformable “sheet” model. The model is based on a thin-plate under tension spline which deforms to fit visual data according to internal forces stemming from the elastic properties of the surface and external forces which are produced from the data. We employ the finite element method to represent the model as a continuous surface. We implement two versions of the sheet using two different finite elements. The first is a triangular, quintic finite element whose nodal variables comprise the position of the surface plus its first and second partial derivatives. This element is “natural” in the sense that the nodal variables reflect each of the partial derivatives that occur in the spline’s strain energy functional. The partial derivatives are useful in measuring the differential geometric properties of the fitted surface. The second element is a rectangular, bicubic finite element whose nodal variables also include some of the partial derivatives of the surface. We apply the sheet model to the reconstruction of various 3D data sets generated by several different sensing technologies related to CAGD and terrain mapping.
Applications of fault detection methods to industrial processes

Components of industrial processes are often affected by un-permitted or un-expected deviations from normal operation behaviour. The fault detection task consists of determination of the fault present in a system and the time of detection. In addition to fault detection follows the fault identification by determination of kind, location and time of detection of a fault. These procedures are based on the observed analytical and the heuristic knowledge of the process. In this paper a comparison between different methods of fault detection and some examples of the fault detection and identification procedure for industrial processes is provided. For some classes of processes the structure and some parameters are well known but for others only rough models are available. Therefore the methods for fault detection and diagnosis are mainly different.
Simulation of mobility and routing in ad hoc networks using ant colony algorithms

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET's) have recently attracted a lot of attention in the research community as well as the industry. This technology has become increasingly important in communication and networking. Routing is one of the most important and difficult aspects in ad hoc network since ad hoc network topology frequently changes. Conventional routing algorithms are difficult to be applied to a dynamic network topology, therefore modeling and design an efficient routing protocol in such dynamic networks is an important issue. One of the meta-heuristic algorithms which is inspired by the behavior of real ants is called ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, it can definitely be used as a tool to tackle the mercurial scenarios present in this dynamic environment. In this paper, the author has designed a model, which combines ant colony behavior and queuing network analysis to evaluate end-to-end packet delay in MANET.
American politics in the Gilded Age, 1868-1900

Foreword V Acknowledgments IX INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE: The Domain and Power of Party 5 Parties, Elections, and Patronage 6 Parties, the State, and Public Policy 16 The Major Parties: The Republicans and The Democrats 22 On the Periphery of Party Politics: Mugwumps, Suffragists, Prohibitionists, Grangers, Greenbackers , and Laborites 31 CHAPTER TWO: The Deadlock of National Politics, 1868 1890 46 Grant: The Emergence of Deadlock, 1868 1876 50 Hayes: The Confirmation of Deadlock, 1876 1880 60 Garfield and Arthur: The Deadlock Continue, 1880 1884 67 Cleveland: The Deadlock Lengthens, 1884 1888 74 Breaking the Deadlock? Harrison and the Fifty-first Congress, 1888 1890 85 CHAPTER THREE: Political Upheaval, 189 1900 94 The Emergence of Populism, 1890 1892 97 The Dividend Democrats Fail to Govern, 1893 1896 110 Republican Resurgence and Democratic Downfall: The Battle of the Standards, 1896 118 Conclusion: An End and Many Beginnings 127 Illustrations and Maps follow page 84 Appendix: Tables 139 Table 1.1: Farm Production and Crop Prices, 1865 1900 139 Table 2.1: Popular and Electoral Vote for President, 1868 1904 141 Table 2.2 Electoral Votes by Selected Regions and States 142 Table 2.3 Party Strength in Congress, 1868 1904 143 Table 2.4 Federal Income and Expenses, Including Customs Receipts 144 Bibliographical Essay 146 Index 159
Workbook 7 · Outcome Evaluations Evaluation of Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder Treatment Who World Health Organization Undcp United Nations International Drug Control Programme Emcdda European Monitoring Center on Drugs and Drug Addiction World Health Organization, 2000

c This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO) and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated, in part or in whole but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors.
Why Primaries in Latin American Presidential Elections?

In a context where primaries are not mandated, why do some parties use them to select presidential candidates? In this paper, we argue that the use of primary elections is likely to reflect the existence and intensity of divisions within political parties. We focus on several characteristics of political parties and party systems that are often associated with intraparty divisions. We find that these characteristics are correlated with the decision of Latin American parties to use primaries in selecting their presidential nominees. In particular, we find that coalitions and large, centrist parties are more likely to hold primaries, whereas primaries are less likely in institutional settings that facilitate exit from existing parties.
Knowledge discovery in databases: tools and techniques

The amount of data being collected in databases today far exceeds our ability to reduce and analyze data without the use of automated analysis techniques. Many scientific and transactional business databases grow at a phenomenal rate. A single system, the astronomical survey application SCICAT, is expected to exceed three terabytes of data at completion [4]. Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) is the field that is evolving to provide automated analysis solutions.
A model of implicit term relationship for information retrieval

This paper proposes a model for dealing with implicit term relationship among terms toward information retrieval, in the context of information retrieval over the Web. Until now various keyword based search engines have been developed to facilitate information retrieval over the Web. However, it can still be difficult to specify appropriate keywords (terms), which are to be provided to the engines to conduct the retrieval. We hypothesize that, although it is not explicitly represented or specified from the user, there can be some (hidden) relationship among the specified terms. Such relationship can be useful to facilitate effective retrieval, since it can work as "between the terms", as in the between the lines in effective reading. Based on this hypothesis, we propose a model for representing the implicit relationship among the specified terms. Our model tries to capture the implicit relationship in terms of semantic aspect, and represents it as a concrete tree structure so that it can be utilized for further processing. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed model in the context of retrieval, and the results are reported.
A Network of HSPG Core Proteins and HS Modifying Enzymes Regulates Netrin-Dependent Guidance of D-Type Motor Neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are proteins with long covalently attached sugar side chains of the heparan sulfate (HS) type. Depending on the cellular context HS chains carry multiple structural modifications such as sulfate residues or epimerized sugars allowing them to bind to a wide range of molecules. HSPGs have been found to play extremely diverse roles in animal development and were shown to interact with certain axon guidance molecules. In this study we describe the role of the Caenorhabditis elegans HSPG core proteins Syndecan (SDN-1) and Glypican (LON-2) and the HS modifying enzymes in the dorsal guidance of D-type motor axons, a process controlled mainly by the conserved axon guidance molecule UNC-6/Netrin. Our genetic analysis established the specific HS code relevant for this axon guidance event. Using two sensitized genetic backgrounds, we isolated novel components influencing D-type motor axon guidance with a link to HSPGs, as well as new alleles of several previously characterized axon guidance genes. Interestingly, the dorsal axon guidance defects induced by mutations in zfp-1 or lin-35 depended on the transgene oxIs12 used to visualize the D-type motor neurons. oxIs12 is a large multi-copy transgene that enlarges the X chromosome by approximately 20%. In a search for genes with a comparable phenotype we found that a mutation in the known dosage compensation gene dpy-21 showed similar axon guidance defects as zfp-1 or lin-35 mutants. Thus, derepression of genes on X, where many genes relevant for HS dependent axon guidance are located, might also influence axon guidance of D-type motor neurons.
Prognostic Significance of β-Catenin, E-Cadherin, and SOX9 in Colorectal Cancer: Results from a Large Population-Representative Series

Robust biomarkers that can precisely stratify patients according to treatment needs are in great demand. The literature is inconclusive for most reported prognostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC). Hence, adequately reported studies in large representative series are necessary to determine their clinical potential. We investigated the prognostic value of three Wnt signaling-associated proteins, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and SOX9, in a population-representative single-hospital series of 1290 Norwegian CRC patients by performing immunohistochemical analyses of each marker using the tissue microarray technology. Loss of membranous or cytosolic β-catenin and loss of cytosolic E-cadherin protein expression were significantly associated with reduced 5-year survival in 903 patients who underwent major resection (722 evaluable tissue cores) independently of standard clinicopathological high-risk parameters. Pre-specified subgroup analyses demonstrated particular effect for stage IV patients for β-catenin membrane staining (P = 0.018; formal interaction test P = 0.025). Among those who underwent complete resection (714 patients, 568 evaluable), 5-year time-to-recurrence analyses were performed, and stage II patients with loss of cytosolic E-cadherin were identified as an independent high-risk subgroup (P = 0.020, formal interaction test was not significant). Nuclear β-catenin and SOX9 protein, regardless of intracellular location, were not associated with prognosis. In conclusion, the protein expression level of membranous or cytosolic β-catenin and E-cadherin predicts CRC patient subgroups with inferior prognosis.
Liquidity in the liquidity crisis: evidence from Divisia monetary aggregates in Germany and the European crisis countries

While there has been much discussion of the role of liquidity in the recent financial crises, there has been little discussion of the use of macroeconomic aggregation techniques to measure total liquidity available to the market. In this paper, we provide an approximation of the liquidity development in six Euro area countries from 2003 to 2013. We show that properly measured monetary aggregates contain significant information about liquidity risk.
SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT IN FACEBOOK: THE CASE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN THAILAND

Abstract This empirical study aims to investigate the engagement in social media use of college students in Thailand. Since the growing popularity of social media in Thailand has drawn great attention from consumers, many businesses have adopted a Facebook page as a marketing tool to communicate with their customers and potential customers. The DeLone and McLean Information Systems success model is used as a theoretical model to investigate how different quality dimensions affect information system usage. Furthermore, online (i.e., social media) engagement is investigated in this study. Online engagement refers to the active relationship with a brand by a website or other computer mediated communications. Consequently, this study explores the key success factors in using social media such as a Facebook page in terms of quality issues regarding users’ satisfaction, behavioral intention, and social media engagement. In this study, data were collected from 277 college students using the questionnaire survey method. The results revealed that information quality and system quality were crucial factors in determining user satisfaction and behavioral intention, which directly affect social media engagement. บทคดยอ งานวจยในครงน มวตถประสงคเพอศกษาการใชสอสงคมออนไลนของนกศกษาในประเทศไทย เนองจากการใชงานของสอสงคมออนไลนในสงคมไทยปจจบนไดรบความสนใจอยางแพรหลาย รวมไปจนถงภาคธรกจตาง ๆ ทไดใหความสนใจและเลอกใชสอสงคมออนไลนเปนเครองมอทางการตลาดในการในการตดตอสอสารกบลกคา การศกษาในครงนไดพฒนามาจากตวแบบความสำเรจของระบบสารสนเทศของ DeLone และ McLean จากมตคณภาพในดานตาง ๆ ของสอสงคมออนไลนทมผลตอการใชงานของระบบ ทงน การสรางสวนรวมใหกบลกคาผานสอสงคมออนไลนจงถอเปนปจจยสำคญในการศกษาวจย ความหมายโดยทวไปของสรางสวนรวมออนไลน คอ ความสมพนธเชงรกกบตราสนคาผานทางเวบไซตหรอการตดตอสอสารผานทางคอมพวเตอรในรปแบบตาง ๆ ดงนน การศกษาในครงนมงเนนการศกษาหาความสมพนธทางดานคณภาพตางๆของสอสงคมออนไลน เชน ทมตอความพงพอใจในการใชงานของระบบ พฤตกรรมความตงใจตอการใชงานของระบบ และ การสรางสวนรวมของสอสงคมออนไลนทมผลตอผใชงาน การวจยนเปนการวจยเชงสำรวจโดยใชแบบสอบถามทพฒนามาจากการทบทวนวรรณกรรม โดยใชกลมตวอยางทกำลงศกษาอยระดบชนปรญญาตร จำนวน 277 คน ผลการวจยพบวาคณภาพของสารสนเทศ และคณภาพของระบบเปนปจจยสำคญทมอทธพลตอความพงพอใจในการใชงานของสอสงคมออนไลน และ พฤตกรรมความตงใจตอการใชงานของระบบ ซงลวนกอเกดการสรางสวนรวมระหวางลกคากบภาคธรกจ การวจยครงนจะเปนแนวทางในการปฏบตหรอนำไปประยกตใชในการนำสอสงคมออนไลนใหประสบความสำเรจตอธรกจ
BMP4 Mediates Apoptotic Cell Death in the Developing Chick Eye

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression in vertebrates suggests a reiterative function of these molecules during eye development. However, genetic analysis in mice has provided only partial information. Using the chick embryo as a model system, we have analyzed possible additional functions of BMP4 during optic cup formation. Here we describe the expression pattern ofBmp4 and Bmp7 and we show that, in contrast to the mouse, the prospective lens placode ectoderm expresses high levels of Bmp4 but no Bmp7. After optic vesicle invagination, Bmp4 is expressed in the prospective dorsal neural retina, where BmprIA,BmprII, and Smad1, components of the BMP4 signal transduction pathway, are also expressed. In toto terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end-labeling analysis shows that the dorsal optic cup is the site of a spatiotemporally restricted apoptosis, which parallels the expression not only ofBmp4 but also of Msx1 andMsx2, genes implicated in BMP4-mediated apoptosis. The use of optic vesicle cultures as well as in ovo local addition of BMP4 and its antagonist Noggin proves that the local activity of BMP4 is responsible for programmed cell death in the dorsal optic cup. In addition, we show that Noggin is able to reduce the rate of cell proliferation in the dorsal part of the optic cup whereas BMP4 increases the number of BrdU-positive cells in retina cultures. These results provide evidence that BMP4 contributes to eye development by promoting cell proliferation and programmed cell death.
Mining High, Medium and Low Utility Patterns in Incremental Databases

----Recently, high utility pattern (HUP) mining is one of the most important research issues in data mining due to its ability to consider the nonbinary frequency values of items in transactions and different profit values for every item. On the other hand, incremental and interactive data mining provide the ability to use previous data structures and mining results in order to reduce unnecessary calculations when a database is updated, or when the minimum threshold is changed. In this paper, we propose a tree structure, called IIUT (incremental and interactive utility tree), by considering High, medium and low utility patterns.It uses a pattern growth mining approach to avoid the level-wise candidate set generation-and-test problem, and it can efficiently capture the incremental data without any restructuring operation. Moreover, IIUT has the “build once mine many” property and therefore it is highly suitable for interactive mining. Experimental results show that our tree structure is very efficient and scalable for incremental and interactive high, medium and low utility pattern mining.
Monetary and Fiscal Policy Aspects of Indirect Tax Changes in a Monetary Union

In recent years a number of European countries have shifted their tax structure more strongly towards indirect taxes, motivated, inter alia, by the intention to foster competitiveness. Against this background, this paper develops a tractable two-country model of a monetary union, characterised by national fiscal and supranational monetary policy, with price-setting firms and endogenously determined terms of trade. The paper discusses a number of monetary and fiscal policy questions which emerge if one of the countries shifts its tax structure more strongly towards indirect taxes. Qualitatively, it is shown that the long-run effects of such a unilateral policy shift on output and consumption within and between the two countries depend sensitively on whether indirect tax revenues are used to lower direct taxes or to finance additional government expenditures. Moreover, short-run dynamics are shown to depend significantly on the speed at which fiscal adjustments take place, on the choice of the inflation index stabilised by the central bank, and on whether the tax shift is anticipated or not. Quantitatively, the calibrated model version indicates that only if the additional indirect tax revenues are used to finance a cut in direct taxes there is some, though limited scope for non-negligible spillovers between countries. JEL Classification: E61, E63, F42
Glycomic Approaches for the Discovery of Targets in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the most common group of malignancies and many of its types are among the most deadly. Various glycoconjugates have been used in clinical practice as serum biomarker for several GI tumors, however, with limited diagnose application. Despite the good accessibility by endoscopy of many GI organs, the lack of reliable serum biomarkers often leads to late diagnosis of malignancy and consequently low 5-year survival rates. Recent advances in analytical techniques have provided novel glycoproteomic and glycomic data and generated functional information and putative biomarker targets in oncology. Glycosylation alterations have been demonstrated in a series of glycoconjugates (glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosphingolipids) that are involved in cancer cell adhesion, signaling, invasion, and metastasis formation. In this review, we present an overview on the major glycosylation alterations in GI cancer and the current serological biomarkers used in the clinical oncology setting. We further describe recent glycomic studies in GI cancer, namely gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we discuss the role of glycosylation as a modulator of the function of several key players in cancer cell biology. Finally, we address several state-of-the-art techniques currently applied in this field, such as glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses, the application of glycoengineered cell line models, microarray and proximity ligation assay, and imaging mass spectrometry, and provide an outlook to future perspectives and clinical applications.
Metformin and breast cancer risk Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer Short title : Metformin and breast cancer risk

1 Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland 2 Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA 3 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland 4 Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Lexington, MA, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA 5 Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Basel, Switzerland 6 Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
Neuronal Expression of the Human Neuropeptide S Receptor NPSR1 Identifies NPS-Induced Calcium Signaling Pathways

The neuropeptide S (NPS) system was discovered as a novel neurotransmitter system a decade ago and has since been identified as a key player in the modulation of fear and anxiety. Genetic variations of the human NPS receptor (NPSR1) have been associated with pathologies like panic disorders. However, details on the molecular fundamentals of NPSR1 activity in neurons remained elusive. We expressed NPSR1 in primary hippocampal cultures. Using single-cell calcium imaging we found that NPSR1 stimulation induced calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum via activation of IP3 and ryanodine receptors. Store-operated calcium channels were activated in a downstream process mediating entry of extracellular calcium. We provide the first detailed analysis of NPSR1 activity and the underlying intracellular pathways with respect to calcium mobilization in neurons.
A new approach for modeling data propagation in direction selective Ganglion Cells using Cellular Automata

This paper investigates using cellular automata (CA) as a modeling tool for data propagation in Ganglion Cells of retina. Ganglion Cells have different kinds that any of them is responsible for a portion of our visual perception. Particularly, direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) which make us to percept the movement direction of any object in vision field, show some interesting properties in data propagation and coding. There are some similarities between the most famous kind of CA (game of life) and mentioned properties. A 3D game of life which is a discrete model used in many information and state predictions problems is a suitable model candidate for data propagation in dendritic tree of DSGCs.