Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facial Expression Recognition Using Artificial Neural Networks

In many face recognition systems the important part is face detection. The task of detecting face is complex due to its variability present across human faces including colour, pose, expression, position and orientation. So using various modeling techniques it is convenient to recognize various facial expressions. In the field of image processing it is very interesting to recognize the human gesture by observing the different movement of eyes, mouth, nose, etc. Classification of face detection and token matching can be carried out any neural network for recognizing the facial expression. Facial expression provides vital cues about the emotional status of a person. Thus an automatic face expression system (FER) that can track the human expressions and correlate the mood of the person can be used to detect the deception among humans. Other applications of automatic facial expression recognition system include human behavior interpretation and human computer interaction. This paper proposes a method using artificial neural networks to find the facial expression among the three basic expressions given using MATLAB (neural network) toolbox
An interactive source commenter for Prolog programs

Prolog meta-circular interpreters, i.e., interpreters for Prolog written in Prolog, perform at least two operations on an object program - they parse it and execute its instructions. There is a useful variant of the meta-circular interpreter, the meta-circular parser, which as its name suggests, parses an object program without executing its instructions. The value of such a parser is that it provides an elegant means to modify Prolog source code. As the object program is parsed, new information in the form of additional instructions, comments, etc., can be selectively inserted. The Prolog source code commenter we describe is a meta-circular parser with facilities added to allow a user to interactively enter comments. As a Prolog program is parsed into its basic components, the user is allowed to view that component and enter an appropriate comment. The result is a new fully commented (and formatted) source program.
Proteome Dynamics during Plastid Differentiation in Rice1[W]

We have analyzed proteome dynamics during light-induced development of rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplasts from etioplasts using quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry protein identification. In the dark, the etioplast allocates the main proportion of total protein mass to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and a surprisingly high number of proteins to the regulation and expression of plastid genes. Chaperones, proteins for photosynthetic energy metabolism, and enzymes of the tetrapyrrole pathway were identified among the most abundant etioplast proteins. The detection of 13 N-terminal acetylated peptides allowed us to map the exact localization of the transit peptide cleavage site, demonstrating good agreement with the prediction for most proteins. Based on the quantitative etioplast proteome map, we examined early light-induced changes during chloroplast development. The transition from heterotrophic metabolism to photosynthesis-supported autotrophic metabolism was already detectable 2 h after illumination and affected most essential metabolic modules. Enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, and gene expression were up-regulated, whereas enzymes in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism were significantly decreased in relative abundance. Enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, and redox regulation remained unchanged. Phosphoprotein-specific staining at different time points during chloroplast development revealed light-induced phosphorylation of a nuclear-encoded plastid RNA-binding protein, consistent with changes in plastid RNA metabolism. Quantitative information about all identified proteins and their regulation by light is available in plprot, the plastid proteome database (http://www.plprot.ethz.ch).
The Use of ICT in Primary Schools â€“ Analysis of T the Digital Divide in the Republic of Croatia / Upotreba ICT-a u osnovnim školama - analiza digitalne podjele u Republici Hrvatskoj

Abstract ICT has changed the way we live, work, learn and communicate. However, the recent uneven expansion of technology use has led to the emergence of differences between countries, regions, groups of people and individuals. In addition, another difference known as the digital divide resurfaced. In this paper the authors have outlined the results of their research, which took place in April and June of 2011 among 4th grade pupils. The aim of the research was to determine whether the digital divide among 4th grade primary school pupils in certain rural and urban regions exists. Our sample consisted of 286 pupils in 9 primary schools. Four primary schools have been taken as representatives of the urban regions (the town of Zagreb) and 5 of the rural (the region of Nova Gradiška). The results show that the digital divide does not manifest itself when compared against the access of infrastructure. However, the results imply that a digital divide might exist between the pupils of these two regions with regard to the knowledge of technology use, but also to the opportunity of buying new technologies. Key words: digital divide; information and communication technology (ICT); Internet. ---U posljednje vrijeme dolazi do neujednačenog širenja i upotrebe suvremenih tehnologija, što dovodi do sve većih razlika između različitih zemalja, njihovih regija, grupa ljudi i pojedinaca. Pojavila se još jedna nejednakost koja se naziva digitalnom podjelom. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati istraživanja digitalne podjele učenika 4. razreda koje je provedeno u republici hrvatskoj u travnju i svibnju 2011. godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prisutnost digitalne podjele kod učenika 4. razreda osnovnih škola u jednoj urbanoj i ruralnoj sredini Republike Hrvatske. Ukupno je ispitano 286 učenika u 9 osnovnih škola. 4 osnovne škole predstavljale su urbanu sredinu (grad Zagreb), a 5 ruralnu (okolicu Nove Gradiške). Rezultati su pokazali kako se digitalna podjela kod učenika 4. Razreda ne očituje s obzirom na pristup infrastrukturi. No rezultati su uputili i na postojanje digitalne podjele između učenika ove dvije sredine s obzirom na poznavanje upotrebe tehnologija, ali i s obzirom na mogućnost kupovine novih tehnologija. Ključne riječi: digitalna podjela; Internet; informacijsko-komunikacijska tehnologija
No correlation between response and survival in patients with multiple myeloma treated with vincristine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone

A vincristine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (VMCP) multi‐drug regimen was used in 85 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM) (symptomatic Durie Stages II and III) until they became refractory. The prognostic significance of various pretreatment characteristics was evaluated in terms of therapeutic response (according to Southwest Oncology Group [SWOG] and Chronic Leukemia–Myeloma Task Force [TF] criteria) and survival. Therapeutic responses, obtained in 31.2% (SWOG) and 68.7% (TF) of patients, had a significant inverse correlation with myeloma cell mass, serum calcium, and bone status. Median survival time of Stage II and Stage III patients was 39 and 34 months, respectively. Serum B2 microglobulin greater than or equal to 6 μg/ml was the only variable correlating unfavorably with survival duration after multi‐variate analysis (increased risk = 2.79), although therapeutic response as a time‐dependent variable had no effect on survival. These data suggest no correlation between response and survival, partially because of inadequate response assessment criteria and partially because no existing treatment is curative (although current therapeutic approaches may prevent death from complications).
Retiming arithmetic datapaths using Timed Taylor Expansion Diagrams

This paper describes an extension to the Taylor Expansion Diagrams (TED), called Timed TEDs, which makes it possible to represent sequential arithmetic datapaths. Timed TEDs enable register and clock period minimization while performing factorizations and common sub expression eliminations in the data flow graph (DFG). Specifically, timed TEDs allow a wider range of retiming options as the computations in the DFG can be modified while performing retiming. In this paper we discuss the formalism of timed TEDs and the restrictions it imposes on the TED variable ordering.
Close Proximity Effects of Metallic Environments on the Antiparallel Resonant Coil for Near-Field Powering

This study verifies close proximity effects of metallic environments on the antiparallel resonant coil for near-field powering based on the theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. Compared to the conventional coil with a forward loop, frequency shifting of the antiparallel resonant coil which consists of forward and reverse loops with opposite-direction currents is unchanged regardless of the proximity of metallic plates. Furthermore, highly efficient near-field powering for metallic objects can be achieved with the antiparallel resonant coil because of the added magnetic field caused by the image current of the metallic plates.
Théories et pratiques de l'effectivité du droit

La notion d'efficacite est aujourd'hui tres souvent utilisee pour mesurer l'impact du droit sur les pratiques sociales. On designe alors l'absence ou l'existence d'un ecart, plus ou moins grand, entre l'un et l'autre. Cette question peut cependant etre posee de facons differentes selon que l'on raisonne en termes de lacunes du droit (positives ou negatives), de comportement des acteurs sociaux ou de recherche d'une efficacite sociale. Les auteurs degagent ainsi trois facons de conceptualiser le rapport droit-societe.
Safety comparison of additives in antiglaucoma prostaglandin (PG) analog ophthalmic formulations

Purpose To investigate the safety of five types of antiglaucoma prostaglandin analog ophthalmic formulations, and to clarify their differences in accordance with contained additives (preservatives and surface-active agents). Methods The following five types of ophthalmic solutions and three types of additives were investigated: latanoprost (Xalatan®; latanoprost), tafluprost (Tapros®; tafluprost), bimatoprost (Lumigan®; bimatoprost), travoprost (Travatan®; travoprost), travoprost (Travatan Z®; travoprost-Z), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), polyoxyethylene hardening castor oil 40 (HCO-40), and polysorbate 80 (P-80). These experimental solutions were exposed to the cultured cells of a rabbit-derived corneal cell line for a certain time, and the exposure time causing 50% cell damage (CD50), indicated by the ratio of viable cells to total cells was calculated (in vitro). In addition, corneal resistance (CR) was measured and CR ratio (post-treatment CR/pretreatment CR × 100) was calculated (in vivo). Results CD50 of each ophthalmic solution was the longest with tafluprost, followed by travoprost-Z, bimatoprost, travoprost, and latanoprost. CD50 of 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.02% BAK was 14.5 minutes, 8.1 minutes, and 4.0 minutes, respectively. The number of viable cells decreased to 60%, 8 minutes after exposure with HCO-40, and 30 minutes after being exposed to P-80. The CR ratio was 81.0% with travoprost and 82.0% with latanoprost, indicating a significant posttreatment reduction of CR (P < 0.05). The CR ratio did not decrease after treatment with tafluprost, travoprost-Z, or bimatoprost. The CR ratio of 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.02% BAK was 105.0%, 90.5%, and 68.7%, respectively, and that of HCO-40 and P-80 was 108.7% and 114.2%, respectively. Conclusion BAK, HCO-40, and P-80 were thought to be involved in corneal injuries caused by each ophthalmic solution. Corneal injuries due to surface action were observed when using HCO-40 and P-80. When HCO-40 was combined with BAK, it induced micellar BAK and reduced corneal injuries by BAK.
Detection of Melanoma Cancer Biomarker Dimethyl Disulfide Using Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy at 266 nm

Skin cells emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and some of them can be used as biomarkers for screening specific diseases. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) has been recently reported as a biomarker of melanoma skin cancer (Kwak et al. “Volatile Biomarkers from Human Melanoma Cells”. J. Chromatogr. B. 2013. 931: 90–96.). With the motivation of diagnosing melanoma using DMDS as its biomarker, we explore the potential of measuring DMDS using an advanced laser spectroscopic technique as an alternative method. We report on the first DMDS measurements using an experimental system based on cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS). The test samples were mixtures of DMDS vapor and nitrogen in different concentrations. Two sampling methods were investigated to dilute the DMDS sample to low concentrations for ringdown measurements. The results showed that the ringdown system responded to various DMDS concentrations linearly and a theoretical detection limit of sub-ppb (parts per billion) could be achieved at the absorption wavelength of 266 nm. This ringdown system exhibited a high dynamic range for DMDS measurements, from ppm (parts per million) to ppt (parts per trillion) levels, given different laser wavelengths used. The feasibility of developing a portable melanoma screening sensor using the CRDS technique was also demonstrated in this study.
Murine Regulatory T Cells Contain Hyperproliferative and Death-Prone Subsets with Differential ICOS Expression

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for self-tolerance. It has been an enigma that Treg exhibit an anergic phenotype reflected by hypoproliferation in vitro after TCR stimulation but undergo vigorous proliferation in vivo. We report in this study that murine Treg are prone to death but hyperproliferative in vitro and in vivo, which is different from conventional CD4+Foxp3− T cells (Tcon). During in vitro culture, most Treg die with or without TCR stimulation, correlated with constitutive activation of the intrinsic death pathway. However, a small portion of the Treg population is more sensitive to TCR stimulation, particularly weak stimulation, proliferates more vigorously than CD4+ Tcon, and is resistant to activation-induced cell death. Treg proliferation is enhanced by IL-2 but is less dependent on CD28-mediated costimulation than that of Tcon. We demonstrate further that the surviving and proliferative Treg are ICOS+ whereas the death-prone Treg are ICOS−. Moreover, ICOS+ Treg contain much stronger suppressive activity than that of ICOS− Treg. Our data indicate that massive death contributes to the anergic phenotype of Treg in vitro and suggest modulation of Treg survival as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer.
A novel architecture for converting single 2D image into 3D effect image

A novel 2D to 3D effect image conversion architecture integrated image segmentation system and depth estimation is presented. Its objective is to describe the technique used to generate stereo pair images starting from a single image source (a view-point) and its related depth map. The conjunction between segmented image and depth map allows reconstructing artificially the binocular view producing a 3D effect depending on screen dimension and image resolution. The system consists of an online ICA mixture model that performs image segmentation and depth estimation method to obtain the depth information of image. The proposed system is capable of performing automatic multilevel segmentation of images, based on depth information obtained by the image depth estimation method. The system does not reconstruct the real 3D coordinates of any object inside the scene, but simply assigns the most comfortable shift to the source points to give a 3D-entertainment to the viewer. A simple smoothing filtering technique adaptively resolves the occlusions generated by shifting of the source points without introducing visible and/or annoying artifacts.
Receptive Field Positions in Area MT during Slow Eye Movements

Perceptual stability requires the integration of information across eye movements. We first tested the hypothesis that motion signals are integrated by neurons whose receptive fields (RFs) do not move with the eye but stay fixed in the world. Specifically, we measured the RF properties of neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) of macaques (Macaca mulatta) during the slow phase of optokinetic nystagmus. Using a novel method to estimate RF locations for both spikes and local field potentials, we found that the location on the retina that changed spike rates or local field potentials did not change with eye position; RFs moved with the eye. Second, we tested the hypothesis that neurons link information across eye positions by remapping the retinal location of their RFs to future locations. To test this, we compared RF locations during leftward and rightward slow phases of optokinetic nystagmus. We found no evidence for remapping during slow eye movements; the RF location was not affected by eye-movement direction. Together, our results show that RFs of MT neurons and the aggregate activity reflected in local field potentials are yoked to the eye during slow eye movements. This implies that individual MT neurons do not integrate sensory information from a single position in the world across eye movements. Future research will have to determine whether such integration, and the construction of perceptual stability, takes place in the form of a distributed population code in eye-centered visual cortex or is deferred to downstream areas.
Thermal Evolution of Supernova Iron in Elliptical Galaxies

Interpretations of the spatial distribution, abundance ratios, and global masses of metals in the hot gas of galaxy clusters in terms of supernova enrichment have been problematical. For example, the abundance of iron and other elements occasionally declines toward the center just where the stellar and supernova densities are highest. Also, the mass of gas-phase iron per unit stellar mass or light is lower in elliptical galaxies and groups than in rich galaxy clusters. We discuss hypothetical scenarios in which these abundance anomalies can result from the preferential buoyant separation of metals. However, in this and all previous attempts to explain these metallicity observations it has been assumed that all metals created by supernovae are present in either visible stars or the hot gas. We discuss here the possibility that some of the iron expelled into the hot gas by Type Ia supernovae may have radiatively cooled, avoiding detection by X-ray and optical observers. Hydrodynamic models of Type Ia explosions in the hot gas inside elliptical galaxies create a gas of nearly pure iron that is several times hotter than the local interstellar gas. We describe the subsequent thermal evolution of the iron-rich gas as it radiates and thermally mixes with the surrounding gas. There is a critical time by which the iron ions must mix into the ambient gas to avoid rapid radiative cooling. We find that successful mixing is possible if the iron ions diffuse with large mean free paths, as in an unmagnetized plasma. However, the Larmor radii of the iron ions are exceptionally small in microgauss fields, so the field geometry must be highly tangled or radial to allow the iron to mix by diffusion faster than it cools by radiative losses. The possibility that some of the supernova iron cools cannot be easily discounted.
Elliptic curve cryptosystem

This paper describes elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECCs), which are expected to become the next-generation public key cryptosystems, and also describes Fujitsu Laboratories’ study of ECCs. ECCs require a shorter key length than RSA cryptosystems, which are the de facto standards of public key cryptosystems, but provide equivalent security levels. Because of the shorter key length, ECCs are fast and can be implemented with less hardware. First, we outline ECC and describe a typical digital signature algorithm. Then, we describe our technology for parameter generation of a secure ECC and the implementation of a fast ECC by software and by a digital signal processor. ECCs are expected to enter widespread use as a base technology of electronic information services.
Energy Saving in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with User Classification

—Having massive databases about mobile user activities, cellular network operators can employ data analytics to extract information about user proﬁles (e.g. rate requirements, trafﬁc type, etc) and provide awareness for better adaption of network parameters and resources. In this paper, it is investigated how simple data-driven information about users can improve performance of cellular networks with focus on energy efﬁciency. Users are assumed to belong to two classes differing in their rate requirements in heterogeneous network setting. Both Base Station (BS) and users are modeled according to independent homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP). Two sleeping strategies are considered for Small Cell (SC) namely random and strategic sleeping. Using stochastic geometry framework, it is shown that using rate-based user classiﬁcation in devising sleeping strategies provides better energy consumption and fair resource allocation compared to oblivious resource allocation for all the users.
Reliability of the DSM-III-R childhood anxiety disorders using structured interview: interrater and parent-child agreement.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the interrater and parent-child agreement for the major child anxiety disorders. METHOD One hundred sixty-one children and their parents underwent a semistructured interview (Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children). To increase external validity, clinicians did not receive specific, extensive training in diagnosing anxiety disorders apart from their standard qualifications. The design of the study allowed for calculation of agreement between raters based on information obtained from the parents alone, from the child alone, or through combined information from both the parents and child, and for calculation of agreement between information obtained from the parents and information obtained from the child. RESULTS Levels of interrater agreement either as principal or additional diagnoses were moderate to strong for all of the major childhood anxiety disorders (kappa values .59 to .82). In contrast, parent-child agreement was poor for most diagnostic categories (kappa values .11 to .44). CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that, despite the fact that parents and their children do not demonstrate strong agreement, the DSM-III-R childhood anxiety disorders can be reliably diagnosed by pairs of general clinicians using structured interviews.