Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bias stress study of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor structures with pulsed laser deposited InGaZnO on atomic layer deposited HfO2

Bias stress study is presented in Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor structure using Indium-Gallium-Zinc oxide film on top of HfO2, deposited by pulsed laser deposition and atomic layer deposition, respectively. The produced effect on this interface is analyzed through hysteresis measurements at different bias conditions for several periods of time.
On the Method of Typical Bounded Differences

Concentration inequalities are fundamental tools in probabilistic combinatorics and theoretical computer science for proving that functions of random variables are typically near their means. Of particular importance is the case where f(X) is a function of independent random variables X = (X 1, . . ., Xn ). Here the well-known bounded differences inequality (also called McDiarmid's inequality or the Hoeffding–Azuma inequality) establishes sharp concentration if the function f does not depend too much on any of the variables. One attractive feature is that it relies on a very simple Lipschitz condition (L): it suffices to show that |f(X) − f(X′)| ⩽ ck whenever X, X′ differ only in Xk . While this is easy to check, the main disadvantage is that it considers worst-case changes ck , which often makes the resulting bounds too weak to be useful. In this paper we prove a variant of the bounded differences inequality which can be used to establish concentration of functions f(X) where (i) the typical changes are small, although (ii) the worst case changes might be very large. One key aspect of this inequality is that it relies on a simple condition that (a) is easy to check and (b) coincides with heuristic considerations as to why concentration should hold. Indeed, given an event Γ that holds with very high probability, we essentially relax the Lipschitz condition (L) to situations where Γ occurs. The point is that the resulting typical changes ck are often much smaller than the worst case ones. To illustrate its application we consider the reverse H-free process, where H is 2-balanced. We prove that the final number of edges in this process is concentrated, and also determine its likely value up to constant factors. This answers a question of Bollobás and Erdős.
Digital 2D wavefield reconstruction based on novel two-matrix forward/backward propagation modeling

Abstract An application area of digital holography continuously extends: three-dimensional imaging, laser projections, material processing, deformation detection, microscopy, etc. A wavefield reconstruction from intensity and/or phase measurements is one of the basic problems in digital holography methods [1]. We consider reconstruction of a wavefield distribution in an object plane from data in a diffraction (sensor) plane. In this paper we discuss and study a novel two-matrix digital model for the forward wavefield propagation originated in [2]. This model is aliasing free and precise for pixel-wise invariant object and sensor plane distributions. Following [2-3] we use this model for formalization of the object wavefield reconstruction (backward propagation) as an inverse problem. Depending on the parameters of the optical setup this problem can be very ill-conditioned. Main results of this paper concern the study of the conditioning of the problem and its link with the accuracy of the wavefield reconstruction. We select a regularizing parameter using the condition number of the transfer matrices of the proposed model. Simulation experiments demonstrate a very good performance of the developed wavefield reconstruction technique in comparison with the conventional convolutional and discrete Fresnel transform algorithms.
Exploring the guessability of hand drawn images based on cultural characteristics

The aim of this research is to examine whether or not an attacker could guess hand drawn images chosen as graphical password by others, based on knowledge of some cultural information like where they are come from or their religion or even their hopes and aims. Also, the aim was therefore to ascertain at what level the cross-cultural influences might affect our choice and use of drawn images as password. The investigation made a comparison between Western (Scottish), Arab (Libyans) and Africans (Nigerians) as the comparison between regions which had been well investigated by previous researchers had tended to focus on Western and Eastern subjects. To conclude, it can be accepted that culture significantly affected drawings depending on some human factors such as gender, etc. Moreover, one clear result of this work is that it is apparently highly possible to guess other people's pass images if they contain cultural characteristics, especially religious marks, otherwise it is much more difficult to guess them, and also this depends on many factors. Finally, this paper outlines some rules and guidelines of drawing a strong secret graphical password.
Oscillopsia: causes and management.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oscillopsia is an illusion of an unstable visual world. It is associated with poor visual acuity and is a disabling and distressing condition reported by numerous patients with neurological disorders. The goal of this study is to review the recent findings in the various pathophysiological mechanisms of oscillopsia and the potential treatments available. RECENT FINDINGS Oscillopsia most often results from abnormal eye movements or from impaired vestibulo-ocular reflex. A special emphasis is provided on new hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of pendular nystagmus associated with oculopalatal tremor; on the clinical relevance of fixation instability in the diagnosis of degenerative disease; and on the causes of vestibular areflexia. Oscillopsia could also theoretically result from a deficit in mechanisms underpinning perceptual stability maintenance despite constant gaze displacement in the environment. The recent findings concerning the mechanisms and underlying neural network subserving this phenomenon of 'spatial constancy' are developed. SUMMARY Oscillopsia may result either from impaired ocular stability or impaired compensation or suppression of afferent visual information resulting from normal eye movements. Understanding the exact mechanisms of oscillopsia may lead to novel treatment.
Dietary Polyphenols and Their Effects on Cell Biochemistry and Pathophysiology 2013

Polyphenols, occurring in fruit and vegetables, wine, tea, extra virgin olive oil, chocolate, and other cocoa products, have been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in a large array of disease states, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Many of the biological effects of polyphenols have been attributed to their antioxidant properties, either through their reducing capacities per se or through their possible influences on intracellular redox status. As such, polyphenols may protect cell constituents against oxidative damage and have been reported to limit the risk of various degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the classical hydrogen-donating antioxidant activity is unlikely to be the sole explanation for their cellular effects in vivo. Indeed, it has recently become clear that, in complex biological systems, polyphenols are able to exhibit several additional properties which are yet poorly understood. It is evident that polyphenols are potent bioactive molecules and a clear understanding of their precise mechanisms of action as either antioxidants or modulators of cell signaling is crucial to the evaluation of their potential as chemopreventive or anticancer agents and inhibitors of neurodegeneration.
On distributed successive refinement with lossless recovery

The problem of successive refinement in distributed source coding and in joint source-channel coding is considered. The emphasis is placed on the case where the sources have to be recovered losslessly in the second stage. In distributed source coding, it is shown that all sources are successively refinable in sum rate, with respect to any (joint) distortion measure in the first stage. In joint source-channel coding, the sources are assumed independent and only a (per letter) function is to be recovered losslessly in the first stage. For a class of multiple access channels, it is shown that all sources are successively refinable with respect to a class of linear functions. Finally, when the sources have equal entropy, a simple sufficient condition of successive refinability is provided for partially invertible functions.
A regression test case selection and prioritization for object-oriented programs using dependency graph and genetic algorithm

Regression testing is very important activity in software testing. The re-execution of all test cases during regression testing will be costly. The effective and efficient test case selection from the existing test suite becomes very critical issue in regression testing. This paper presents an evolutionary regression test case prioritization for object-oriented software based on dependence graph model analysis of the affected program using Genetic Algorithm. The approach is based on optimization of selected test case from test suite T. The goal is to identify changes in a method's body due to data dependence, control dependence and dependent due to object relation such as inheritance and polymorphism, select the test cases based on affected statements and ordered them based on their fitness by using GA. The number of affected statements determined how fit a test case is good for regression testing. A case study was reported to provide evidence of the feasibility of the approach and its benefits in increasing the rate of fault detection and reduction in regression testing effort. The goodness of this ordering is measured using Average Percentage of rate of Faults Detection (APFD) metric to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach. It was observed that our proposed approach is more efficient and effective in regression testing.
A Micromachined Vibration-Induced Power Generator For Low Power Sensors Of Robotic Systems

This paper presents the design, analysis, and experimental results of a vibration-induced power generator with total volume of -1 cm3 that uses laser-micromachined springs as resonating structures. The goal of our research is to create a minimally sized electric power generator capable of producing enough voltage to drive low-power IC circuit systems or micro sensors for robotic and automation applications where mechanical vibrations are present. Potential applications for the generator may also include mobile phone and heart-pacers where human motions can be used as a source of mechanical energy. Thus far, we have produced a generator capable of producing 2V DC with 64Hz input frequency with <200pm input vibration amplitude.
Impact of Winding Layer Number and Magnet Type on Synchronous Surface PM Machines Designed for Wide Constant-Power Speed Range Operation

This paper thoroughly investigates the impact of the winding layer number and the choice of magnet type on the performance characteristics of surface permanent magnet (SPM) machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings designed for wide speed ranges of constant-power operation. This is accomplished by carefully examining the performance characteristics of three different SPM machines designed for the same set of performance requirements drawn from an automotive direct-drive starter/alternator application. These results show that double-layer stator windings yield lower torque ripple and magnet eddy-current losses than single-layer windings, but can contribute to a lower overload torque capability. Although the adoption of sintered magnets leads to the highest machine torque density, bonded magnets result in a significant reduction of the magnet losses because of their much higher value of resistivity
The Group Evolution Multiwavelength Study (GEMS): The Sample and Datasets

Abstract Galaxy groups have been under-studied relative to their richer counterparts — clusters. The Group Evolution Multiwavelength Study (GEMS) aims to redress some of the balance. Here we describe the GEMS sample selection and resulting sample of 60 nearby (< 130 Mpc) galaxy groups and our multiwavelength dataset of X-ray, optical, and Hı imaging. ROSAT X-ray images of each group are presented. GEMS also utilizes near-infrared imaging from the 2MASS survey and optical spectra from the 6dFGS. These observational data are complemented by mock group catalogues generated from the latest ΓCDM simulations with gas physics included. Existing GEMS publications are briefly highlighted as are future publication plans.
Material Properties of the Cell Dictate Stress-induced Spreading and Differentiation in Embryonic Stem Cells Growing Evidence Suggests That Physical Microenvironments and Mechanical Stresses, in Addition to Soluble Factors, Help Direct Mesenchymal-stem-cell Fate. However, Biological Responses to a L

were essential in the spreading response. The applied stress led to oct3/4 gene downregulation in mES cells. Our findings demonstrate that cell softness dictates cellular sensitivity to force, suggesting that local small forces might have far more important roles in early development of soft embryos than previously appreciated. E mbryonic stem (ES) cells are one of the principle focuses in biology because of their pluripotency and potential therapeutic applications 1–3. Although it is known that soluble factors are critical in stem-cell differentiation 4,5 , recent evidence shows that the physical microenvironment of the cells (for example, shape constraint or substrate stiffness) helps direct the fate of mesenchymal stem cells 6,7. These cells, however, are downstream in cell-lineage specifications, and have limited self-renewal and differentiation capacities in comparison to ES cells. We focus on pluripotent ES cells because little is known about how these cells respond to mechanical forces. Understanding the fundamental processes by which ES cells respond to force is crucial in understanding mechanisms of lineage determination and development as these cells are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts before gastrulation, which initiates dynamic cellular rearrangements. It is known that living cells alter their shapes and functions in response to mechanical forces. For example, unidirectional laminar shear flow stresses over a whole endothelial cell facilitate cell spreading and elongation in the direction of the flow 8. Uniaxial stretching of a vascular smooth muscle cell elongates the cell in the direction of stretching 9. Cyclic uniaxial stretching of whole mesenchymal stem cells increases cell proliferation and expression of smooth-muscle-cell markers 10. Recently, it was reported that fluid shear stress over whole haematopoietic progenitor cells promotes embryonic haematopoiesis 11. However, whether and how ES cells respond to a localized mechanical stress remain elusive. During the past decade or so, the importance of substrate rigidity in cell functions has become increasingly clear 7,12–14. The physical and mechanical cues of the extracellular matrix are transduced into intracellular rheological and biochemical changes through unknown mechanisms, but probably through conformational changes or unfolding of focal adhesion-based proteins 15 and other proteins. On the other hand, several researchers have proposed that intracellular rheological properties are critical in understanding cellular behaviours 16–18. Therefore, it is suggested that intrinsic intracellular material mechanical properties govern cellular behaviour and functions. However, no experimental data are available to unequivocally show that intrinsic intracellular rheological properties of living cells are fundamentally …
Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period: The Baltic World 1492-1772

Part 1 The Baltic at the end of the Middle Ages: the Baltic in the European economy rulers and ruled the decline of the order. Part 2 The Livonian wars: new currents the struggle for dominion - the first phase, 1558-1621 war and society. Part 3 Sweden as a great power: the Central European wars, 1618-1679 the military state trade and the Baltic economy society and culture in the Baroque age. Part 4 The rise of Russia: the struggle for dominion - the final phase after Nystad - politics and diplomacy in the north state and society in the Age of Enlightenment 1742 - the end of an era?
Object tracking with occlusion handling using mean shift, Kalman filter and Edge Histogram

This paper propose an algorithm that uses Mean Shift and Kalman Filter for object tracking. Also this method uses Edge Histogram for occlusion handling. Firstly, we use Mean Shift algorithm to obtain center of desired object. But the robust of tracking is not very well, so we use Kalman Filter to improve the effect of tracking. Bhattacharyya coefficient and Edge Histogram are used for finding out both partial and full occlusions. With this approach we can track the object more accurately. The results prove that the robust of tracking is very well.
Exploration of the evolution process of IT outsourcing from 1992 to 2011: A main path analysis

The aim of this paper is to identify a set of papers that play the central role in IT Outsourcing (ITO) field and to analyze the evolution process that has taken place in ITO. The methodology is based on the main path analysis which is aimed to trace the main knowledge flow through a citation network that is formed by the citation relationship among papers in a scientific field. Results show that the ITO development process can largely be divided into three stages: at the beginning the studies concentrated on the determinants and decision problems of ITO, and then the ITO entered into a fast development stage, till now it has matured enough that researchers try to extend both breadth and depth of the research.
Scalar Potential Topography can Simplify Interpretation of 2 D Vector Fields

We demonstrate a new visualization technique to help researchers answer specific questions about 2D vector fields. Rather than directly display the vector field, the visualization isolates the integrable part of the field, integrates it to find a scalar potential, and displays the scalar potential as a height field. Scalar potential representation can be combined with direct field representation, by overlaying a representation of either the original field or its divergence-free part. Representing a vector field by its scalar potential is useful for answering questions about bulk flow across a flow field, and for comparing vector fields. It leverages human intuition about how water flows downhill.
Adaptive quadratic regularization for baseline wandering removal in wearable ECG devices

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most important physiological signals to monitor the health status of a patient. Technological advances allow the size and weight of ECG acquisition devices to be strongly reduced so that wearable systems are now available, even though the computational power and memory capacity is generally limited. An ECG signal is affected by several artifacts, among which the baseline wandering (BW), i.e., a slowly varying variation of its trend, represents a major disturbance. Several algorithms for BW removal have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we propose new methods to face the problem that require low computational and memory resources and thus well comply with a wearable device implementation.
Converting Identiication Trees into Nonmonotonic Inheritance Structures

This paper addresses the issues involved in the automatic generation and upkeep of knowledge derived from datasets. Once identiication trees are generated from datasets, algorithms for converting these identiication trees into nonmonotonic inheritance structures (i.e. multiple inheritance structures with exceptions) can be applied. This results in a knowledge base which can deal with subsequent, connicting information directly without requiring a recomputation of a new identiication tree which must take the connicting information into account.
The Lack of Gamma-Ray Bursts from Population III Binaries

We study the evolution of first star (Population III) binaries. Under specific conditions, these stars may produce high-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We demonstrate that the occurrence rate of GRBs does not depend sensitively on evolutionary parameters in the population synthesis models. We show that the first binaries may form a very small group (≲1%) of fast-rotating stars through binary tidal interactions that make GRBs. This finding is contrary to the intuitive notion that the majority of stars in close Population III binaries will be sufficiently spun up by tides to produce a GRB. We find that there are simply not enough fast-rotating stars in Population III binaries to expect them to be detected with Swift. Predicted detection rates, even with very optimistic assumptions for the binary fraction, evolutionary parameters, and GRB detection, are very small: ~0.1-0.01 yr-1.
The Role-Modeling BFOQ: Court Confusion and Educational Promise

INTRODUCTION 1211 I. THE FORMATION OF THE BFOQ DEFENSE: THE ACCEPTANCE OF DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT DECISIONS 1214 A. Statutory Background 1214 B. The Supreme Court’s Narrow Reading of the BFOQ Exception 1219 C. The Lower Courts’ Reading of the BFOQ Exception 1222 II. THE SAME-SEX ROLE-MODELING BFOQ 1231 A. Role-Modeling: A Confused Acceptance 1231 B. Lower Court Rejection of Employers’ Role-Modeling BFOQ Arguments 1235 C. Distinguishing the Role-Modeling BFOQ and the Rehabilitation BFOQ 1239 III. A STANDALONE ROLE-MODELING BFOQ 1240 A. A Same-Sex Role-Modeling BFOQ is a Logical Extension of the BFOQ Standards Already Accepted by the Courts . 1240 B. Standalone Same-Sex Role-Modeling Utilitarian Value . 1243 C. The Potential Achievement Gains Made by the Hiring of Same-Sex Teachers 1248 D. How the Role-Modeling BFOQ Would Be Applied in Education 1252 CONCLUSION 1256
Building trust for personal and organizational success : a self-paced, skill-building training manual for individuals and groups

TRUST: A PERSONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUE The Grand Paradox: Empowering Ourselves by Accepting Vulnerability Trust as a Survival Issue Practical Trust Building: Behaviors that Increase or Lower Trust PERSONAL TRUSTING: Starting with Self: Our Private World Trust Development BUILDING TRUSTING RELATIONSHIPS: Interpersonal Trust Building: Clearing the Deck Realism Becoming a More Trusted Person TRUST MAINTENANCE: A Systems Approach to Keeping Trust Detecting Interpersonal Problems Confrontation and Trust Maintenance Listening and Proving It SUPERVISOR-SUBORDINATE: THE KEY ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIP: Motivation in Our Working Relationships Delegation of Authority: The Ultimate Trust Test Freedom and Growth at Work TEAM BUILDING: GROUP TRUST: Team Development Cooperating Teams ORGANIZATIONAL PAYOFFS FROM TRUST BUILDING: Problems in Organizational Trust Power and Trust in the Organization Summary Bibliography Index.