Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stage-Specific Sampling by Pattern Recognition Receptors during Candida albicans Phagocytosis

Candida albicans is a medically important pathogen, and recognition by innate immune cells is critical for its clearance. Although a number of pattern recognition receptors have been shown to be involved in recognition and phagocytosis of this fungus, the relative role of these receptors has not been formally examined. In this paper, we have investigated the contribution of the mannose receptor, Dectin-1, and complement receptor 3; and we have demonstrated that Dectin-1 is the main non-opsonic receptor involved in fungal uptake. However, both Dectin-1 and complement receptor 3 were found to accumulate at the site of uptake, while mannose receptor accumulated on C. albicans phagosomes at later stages. These results suggest a potential role for MR in phagosome sampling; and, accordingly, MR deficiency led to a reduction in TNF-α and MCP-1 production in response to C. albicans uptake. Our data suggest that pattern recognition receptors sample the fungal phagosome in a sequential fashion.
Maximizing the Area of Overlap of Two Unions of Disks under Rigid Motion

Let A and B be two sets of n resp. m disjoint unit disks in the plane, with m ≥ n. We consider the problem of finding a trans- lation or rigid motion of A that maximizes the total area of overlap with B. The function describing the area of overlap is quite complex, even for combinatorially equivalent translations and, hence, we turn our attention to approximation algorithms. We give deterministic (1 − � )- approximation algorithms for translations and for rigid motions, which run in O((nm/� 2 ) log(m/� )) and O((n 2 m 2 /� 3 ) log m)) time, respectively. For rigid motions, we can also compute a (1−� )-approximation in O((m 2 n 4/3 ∆ 1/3 /� 3 ) log n log m) time, where ∆ is the diameter of set A. Under the condition that the maximum area of overlap is at least a constant fraction of the area of A, we give a probabilistic (1−� )-approximation al- gorithm for rigid motions that runs in O((m 2 /� 4 ) log(m/� ) log 2 m) time. Our results generalize to the case where A and B consist of possibly intersecting disks of different radii, provided that (i) the ratio of the radii of any two disks in A ∪ B is bounded, and (ii) within each set, the maximum number of disks with a non-empty intersection is bounded.
Cadmium-exposed population in Mae Sot District, Tak Province: 4 bone mineral density in persons with high cadmium exposure.

OBJECTIVE To measure bone mineral density in cadmium-exposed persons aged 40 years and older that lived in the 12 contaminated villages in northwestern Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD Five hundred seventy three persons with urinary cadmium levels > or = 5 microg/g creatinine during the 2004-2006 surveys were screened in 2007 for urinary excretion of cadmium, bone formation and resorption markers, and renalfunction markers. Calcaneus bone density was measured in each person by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone scanner. RESULTS The mean age of the study persons was 57 years old. The geometric mean level of urinary cadmium for women was significantly higher than that for men. Women had a lower mean of calcaneus bone density than men. The rate of osteoporosis in women (21.5%) was significantly higher than that for men (14.7%). Calcaneus bone density was negatively correlated with urinary excretion of calcium (in both genders) and crosslinked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (in women), after adjusting for other co-variables. Increasing urinary cadmium levels appeared to correlate with reduced bone density in women, but not in men. In both genders, urinary excretion of beta2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was higher in persons with osteoporosis than those without. CONCLUSION Bone mineral loss is correlated with urinary cadmium levels and renal dysfunction in this female population.
The interconnected rhizosphere: High network complexity dominates rhizosphere assemblages.

While interactions between roots and microorganisms have been intensively studied, we know little about interactions among root-associated microbes. We used random matrix theory-based network analysis of 16S rRNA genes to identify bacterial networks associated with wild oat (Avena fatua) over two seasons in greenhouse microcosms. Rhizosphere networks were substantially more complex than those in surrounding soils, indicating the rhizosphere has a greater potential for interactions and niche-sharing. Network complexity increased as plants grew, even as diversity decreased, highlighting that community organisation is not captured by univariate diversity. Covariations were predominantly positive (> 80%), suggesting that extensive mutualistic interactions may occur among rhizosphere bacteria; we identified quorum-based signalling as one potential strategy. Putative keystone taxa often had low relative abundances, suggesting low-abundance taxa may significantly contribute to rhizosphere function. Network complexity, a previously undescribed property of the rhizosphere microbiome, appears to be a defining characteristic of this habitat.
High-frequency brain activity and muscle artifacts in MEG/EEG: a review and recommendations

In recent years high-frequency brain activity in the gamma-frequency band (30–80 Hz) and above has become the focus of a growing body of work in MEG/EEG research. Unfortunately, high-frequency neural activity overlaps entirely with the spectral bandwidth of muscle activity (~20–300 Hz). It is becoming appreciated that artifacts of muscle activity may contaminate a number of non-invasive reports of high-frequency activity. In this review, the spectral, spatial, and temporal characteristics of muscle artifacts are compared with those described (so far) for high-frequency neural activity. In addition, several of the techniques that are being developed to help suppress muscle artifacts in MEG/EEG are reviewed. Suggestions are made for the collection, analysis, and presentation of experimental data with the aim of reducing the number of publications in the future that may contain muscle artifacts.
A Distributed Software Architecture for a Rapid Geospatial Dataset Generation System

A wide variety of systems from many different fields use geospatial data to represent physical environments. These systems, and the data on which they operate, are not only becoming more complex, but they are increasingly being connected together. Although each system may be interested in very different aspects of the environment, the geospatial data they use must be consistent and correlated with each other. As these “systems of systems” grow and as the amount of geospatial data gathered each day increases, the collection and preparation of these data has become the most time consuming and costly processes in the use of many of these systems. The solution to this problem lies in the creation of a geospatial dataset generation system that can efficiently collect, manipulate, and correlate geospatial data to the requirements of the end user. In this paper, we use the unique requirements of building geospatial datasets to derive a distributed software architecture for such a system.
Avian Mycobacteriosis: Still Existing Threat to Humans

The nontuberculous mycobacteria are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. These microorganisms can cause a wide range of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin and soft tissue disease, and rare extra pulmonary or disseminated infections. Mycobacterium avium complex is the second most common cause of pulmonary mycobacterioses after M. tuberculosis. This review covers the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of infection caused by the members of this complex and particularities for the treatment of different disease types and patient populations.
Reduction of catastrophic health care expenditures by a community-based health insurance scheme in Gujarat, India: current experiences and challenges.

OBJECTIVE To assess the Self Employed Women's Association's Medical Insurance Fund in Gujarat in terms of insurance coverage according to income groups, protection of claimants from costs of hospitalization, time between discharge and reimbursement, and frequency of use. METHODS One thousand nine hundred and thirty claims submitted over six years were analysed. FINDINGS Two hundred and fifteen (11%) of 1927 claims were rejected. The mean household income of claimants was significantly lower than that of the general population. The percentage of households below the poverty line was similar for claimants and the general population. One thousand seven hundred and twelve (1712) claims were reimbursed: 805 (47%) fully and 907 (53%) at a mean reimbursement rate of 55.6%. Reimbursement more than halved the percentage of catastrophic hospitalizations (>10% of annual household income) and hospitalizations resulting in impoverishment. The average time between discharge and reimbursement was four months. The frequency of submission of claims was low (18.0/1000 members per year: 22-37% of the estimated frequency of hospitalization). CONCLUSIONS The findings have implications for community-based health insurance schemes in India and elsewhere. Such schemes can protect poor households against the uncertain risk of medical expenses. They can be implemented in areas where institutional capacity is too weak to organize nationwide risk-pooling. Such schemes can cover poor people, including people and households below the poverty line. A trade off exists between maintaining the scheme's financial viability and protecting members against catastrophic expenditures. To facilitate reimbursement, administration, particularly processing of claims, should happen near claimants. Fine-tuning the design of a scheme is an ongoing process - a system of monitoring and evaluation is vital.
A wireless gateway approach enabling industrial real-time communication on the field level of factory automation

Industrial communication systems increasingly deploy wireless technologies. In order to benefit from flexibility and cost saving potentials, wireless systems have to cope with the requirements of industrial applications, in particular timing constraints. Due to their hard and isochronous real-time characteristics, control applications on the field level of factory automation have not been considered for wireless communication, yet. This paper addresses the use of wireless Point-to-Point communication in conjunction with Industrial Ethernet protocols on field level by means of a modular gateway architecture. The main contributions of this work include: wireless Industrial Ethernet gateway design, its implementation on Sercos III and Wi-Fi based demonstrator platform and its evaluation by means of empirical measurements showing the applicability of the proposed approach.
Expression reduction in mammalian X chromosome evolution refutes Ohno’s hypothesis of dosage compensation

Susumu Ohno proposed in 1967 that, during the origin of mammalian sex chromosomes from a pair of autosomes, per-allele expression levels of X-linked genes were doubled to compensate for the degeneration of their Y homologs. This conjecture forms the foundation of the current evolutionary model of sex chromosome dosage compensation, but has been tested in mammals only indirectly via a comparison of expression levels between X-linked and autosomal genes in the same genome. The test results have been controversial, because examinations of different gene sets led to different conclusions that either support or refute Ohno’s hypothesis. Here we resolve this uncertainty by directly comparing mammalian X-linked genes with their one-to-one orthologs in species that diverged before the origin of the mammalian sex chromosomes. Analyses of RNA sequencing data and proteomic data provide unambiguous evidence for expression halving (i.e., no change in per-allele expression level) of X-linked genes during evolution, with the exception of only ∼5% of genes that encode members of large protein complexes. We conclude that Ohno’s hypothesis is rejected for the vast majority of genes, reopening the search for the evolutionary force driving the origin of chromosome-wide X inactivation in female mammals.
Inhibitory Effect of 1,8-Cineol on β-Catenin Regulation, WNT11 Expression, and Cellular Progression in HNSCC

Objectives Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The high mortality rates have not changed during the last three decades, and thus there is an enormous need for innovative therapy approaches. Several recent studies suggest an important role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC. We analyzed the effect of the monoterpene oxide 1,8-cineol on the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the cellular progression of different HNSCC cell lines. Methods Permanent HNSCC cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations and times of 1,8-cineol. Regulation and activity profiles of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade were analyzed using Western hybridization experiments, MTT assays, real-time PCR-based epithelial to mesenchymal transition array, and immunohistochemistry. Results Exposure of different cell lines to 1,8-cineol treatment resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and a decreased activity of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. We can show the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)α/β (Ser-9/21) as well as a corresponding decreased endolysosomal localization, leading to a decreased β-catenin activity. Furthermore, we can show that exposure to cineol functionally results in a reduced expression of WNT11. Conclusion In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that 1,8-cineol acts as an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin activity in HNSCC via a decreased inhibition of GSK-3, which lead to reduced levels of WNT11 and a dose-dependent decrease of the cellular progression. Our data represent a new mechanism of 1,8-cineol activity, which may lead to novel molecular targets and treatment approaches of this natural drug.
Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process

It is argued that computing machines inevitably involve devices which perform logical functions that do not have a single-valued inverse. This logical irreversibility is associated with physical irreversibility and requires a minimal heat generation, per machine cycle, typically of the order of kT for each irreversible function. This dissipation serves the purpose of standardizing signals and making them independent of their exact logical history. Two simple, but representative, models of bistable devices are subjected to a more detailed analysis of switching kinetics to yield the relationship between speed and energy dissipation, and to estimate the effects of errors induced by thermal fluctuations.
Radiative corrections to gamma gamma -->tt-bar in the electroweak standard model.

The cross section for {gamma}{gamma}{implies}{ital t}{ital t}{vert_bar} with arbitrary polarized photons is calculated within the electroweak standard model including the complete virtual and soft-photonic {ital O}({alpha}) corrections. We present a detailed numerical discussion of the radiative corrections with particular emphasis on the purely weak corrections. These are usually of the order of 1{endash}10{percent} for energies up to 1 TeV. For unpolarized or equally polarized photons they reach almost 10{percent} close to threshold. The large corrections cannot be traced back to a universal origin such as the running of {alpha} or the {rho} parameter. Apart from the energy region around the Higgs resonance ({gamma}{gamma}{implies}{ital H}{sup {asterisk}}{implies}{ital t}{ital t}{vert_bar}) the weak corrections are widely independent of the Higgs-boson mass. {copyright} {ital 1995 The American Physical Society. }
Instantaneous throughput prediction in cellular networks: Which information is needed?

Downlink data rates can vary significantly in cellular networks, with a potentially non-negligible effect on the user experience. Content providers address this problem by using different representations (e.g., picture resolution, video resolution and rate) of the same content and switch among these based on measurements collected during the connection. If it were possible to know the achievable data rate before the connection establishment, content providers could choose the most appropriate representation from the very beginning. We have conducted a measurement campaign involving 60 users connected to a production network in France, to determine whether it is possible to predict the achievable data rate using measurements collected, before establishing the connection to the content provider, on the operator's network and on the mobile node. We show that it is indeed possible to exploit these measurements to predict, with a reasonable accuracy, the achievable data rate.
Management and Outcome of Primary Vaginismus

Our objective was to access the success rate, and the factors affecting it, of treatment based on Masters and Johnson's sex therapy. For this prospective study, we enrolled 120 couples with unconsummated coitus due to vaginismus. We made a clinical diagnosis after taking a detailed history taking and conducting a clinical examination. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding characteristics of vaginismus after participating in a face-to-face interview. Both of these were done prior to treatment, after 3 months, and after 12 months. We provided sex therapy based on Masters and Johnson's method. Treatment results were then analyzed. After therapy, 93.3% of vaginismic women were successfully penetrated, and 83.3% had regular intercourse with orgasm. The abilities to reach orgasm and sexual desire were not different than that among normal women. There was a correlation between duration of unconsummation and success rate and also between severity of vaginismus, treatment sessions, and success rate. Because of our high success rate, we encourage vaginismic women and their partners to accept aggressive management.
A 53‐Year‐Old Woman with Progressive Headaches

A 53-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of severe headache and intractable vomiting. Physical examination revealed left facial palsy and generalized weakness of the extremities (grade IV/V all extremities) without other localizing signs. She had no known underlying disease and there was no significant family history. MRI of the brain disclosed multiple ill-defined high signal lesions in T2W at left lower pons, left thalamus, subcortical regions of temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes bilaterally, and periventricular white matter. Nodular enhancement was noted in the left frontal lobe lesion (Figure 1a), left thalamus (not shown) and left pons (Figure 1b). Irregular leptomeningeal enhancement was also noted diffusely. The largest mass present at the left frontal lobe was 2 cm in largest dimension and showed marked peritumoral vasogenic edema (Figure 1a). High resolution chest CT revealed an ill-defined mass at the posterior basal segment of the right lower lobe, 3.2 cm in greatest dimension (not shown). There were also multiple small nodules involving both lungs, ranging from 0.4 to 0.5 cm. Stereotactic biopsy of the left frontal lobe lesion was performed. MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY
S-ANFIS: Sentiment aware adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system for Predicting Sales Performance using Blogs/Reviews

An organization has to make the right decisions in time depending on demand information to enhance the commercial competitive advantage in a constantly fluctuating business environment. Therefore, predicting the future quantity for the next period most likely appears to be crucial. This work presents a comparative forecasting methodology regarding to uncertain customer likings in a movie domain via regressive and neuro fuzzy techniques. The main objective is to propose a new future predicting mechanism which is modeled by artificial intelligence approaches including the comparison of both auto regressive method and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) techniques to manage the fuzzy demand with incomplete information. The effectiveness of the proposed approach to the demand forecasting issue will be demonstrated using real-world data from a different movie related websites. Here we are going to extract the information from web and utilizing it for the purpose of sales prediction for movies. There are many sales prediction methods but the use of history data will be most efficient way to predict the quality future.
Whence Healthy Children ? | Mini-Monograph Methodologic and Statistical Approaches to Studying Human Fertility and Environmental Exposure

of environmental exposures on human fertility (Baird and Strassmann 2000). At least 10% of couples in the United States have had difficulty achieving pregnancy (Chandra and Stephen 1998). Investigators are worried that fertility may be declining, and there is corresponding concern in the general public (Carlsen et al. 1992; Pearce et al. 1999; Swan et al. 2000; United Nations 1997). The increased public focus on fertility problems has resulted partly from the increasing numbers of women who delay attempting pregnancy until their midddle to late 30s, ages at which a substantial proportion of couples will fail to conceive within a year and hence be categorized as clinically infertile (Dunson et al. In press). Many of these couples will resort to assisted reproduction techniques, which pose potential concerns about safety and impact on perinatal and child health (Mitchell 2002). Despite broad interest in the scientific community and in the general public, surprisingly little is known about key factors related to human fertility and fecundity, such as age, environmental exposures, sexual behavior, and lifestyle (Joffe 2003; Olsen and Rachootin 2003). In this article we first review broadly the factors known to affect fertility. We then discuss methodologic and statistical issues involved in studying fecundity, with an emphasis on the advantages, necessary design elements, and statistical methods for detailed prospective preconception cohort studies. We also comment on the need to integrate the study of human fecundity with the study of other aspects of human reproduction and development. Throughout the article, we use the term “fecundity” to refer to a couple’s probability of pregnancy with regular intercourse without the use of contraception. In other words fecundity is the inherent capacity to conceive. Depending on the context, fecundity can be assessed for women, for men, or for couples. The related term from demography, “fecundability,” is the specific probability of conception within a single menstrual cycle with noncontracepted intercourse. We use the term “fertility” to refer to the ability of a couple to achieve a pregnancy that survives to birth.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE USE OF IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES AND WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ARKANSAS

Abstract This study investigates which factors may influence producers’ use of irrigation technologies and/or water management practices (WMPs). One major finding is that Arkansas producers are more likely to rely on WMPs instead of sprinkler irrigation as a response to changes in depth to water and drought occurrences. This finding highlights the importance of expanding the existing literature that focuses mostly on more efficient irrigation technologies, especially in areas where WMPs are more prevalent. Climate factors also play a role. Sprinkler systems are more prevalent in regions with lower average temperature. WMPs are used to mitigate the impact of more frequent droughts.