Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk of developing a subsequent nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer: a critical review of the literature and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of developing a basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and/or a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and/or Bowen disease (SCC in situ) after a nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) of a specific type. DATA SOURCES Four electronic databases were searched from January 1, 1966, to October 21, 1999. STUDY SELECTION We included all studies published in English, identified by standard search strategies, that provided original data quantifying the risk of an NMSC among persons with a previous NMSC. DATA EXTRACTION For each study and separate histological type of index skin tumor and subsequent skin tumor (SCC, BCC, NMSC, or Bowen disease), we determined the 3-year cumulative risk and the incidence rate of second tumors per 100 000 person-years. In cases where more than 1 study was assessing the risk of one specific tumor type after another, we undertook a formal meta-analysis. We compared the incidence of a subsequent SCC after an index SCC and of a subsequent BCC after an index BCC with the incidence of the first occurrence of such tumors in the comparable general population. DATA SYNTHESIS We identified and reviewed 17 studies that included data for 26 tumor combinations. Overall, the 3-year cumulative risk of a subsequent SCC after an index SCC is 18%, at least a 10-fold increase in incidence compared with the incidence of first tumors in a comparable general population. For BCCs, the 3-year cumulative risk is 44%, also at least a 10-fold increase in incidence compared with the rate in a comparable general population. The risk of developing a BCC in patients with a prior SCC is about equal to that risk among persons with a prior BCC, but the risk of developing an SCC in patients with a prior BCC is low (6%). CONCLUSIONS Although these studies vary in their study type, location, and biases, their results are consistent. The risk of developing a subsequent skin cancer of a specific type depends on the type of prior NMSC and number of prior skin tumors of that type. Based on these findings, follow-up strategies for patients with BCC and SCC are suggested.
The Middle Ages: Change in Women's Personalities and Social Roles

It has been argued that the predominant focus of midlife personality development is generativity; other research has found that social roles influence both its onset and its expression. In this article, we examine women's midlife personality development and its relationship to career and family commitments. Results for a sample of 90 women indicated that commitment to particular social projects in early midlife was associated with different patterns of identity, intimacy, and generativity levels at age 62. In addition, women who added social projects to existing projects during adulthood expressed similar levels of identity, intimacy, and generativity at age 62 as women whose social project commitments had stayed the same. For smaller subsamples of women in the study, longitudinal analyses assessed changes in personality development within middle age as well as the relationship between personality and the maintenance or addition of social projects. These results highlight important variation among women who followed different adult life paths.
Towards a Dialogue Based Interface for Query Synchronization

The query synchronization is one of main issues of schema evolution: when a schema evolves the existing queries could stop working and it becomes necessary to redefine them over the new schema. In this paper, according to the recently recognized importance of advanced query formulation inter- faces, the basic ideas and components underlying an inter- active model of tool for supporting query synchronization are outlined.
Concurrent implementation of quality improvement programs.

PURPOSE Competing activities and projects can interfere with implementing new knowledge and approaches. The purpose, therefore, was to investigate processes and impact related to implementing two concurrent quality initiatives in a Swedish hospital. These were a regionally initiated, system-wide organizational learning programme called the Dynamic and Viable Organization (DVO) and a national initiative on stopping healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired infections (SHAI). Both undertakings aspired to increase staff competence in systematic improvement approaches. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Multiple methods were applied including surveys, observations, interviews, process diaries, documents and organizational measurements. Respondents were unit managers, change facilitators and improvement team members. FINDINGS Even though both initiatives shared the same improvement approach, there was no strong indication that they were strategically combined to benefit each other. The initiatives existed side by side with some coordination and some conflict. Despite absent management strategies to utilize the national SHAI initiative, positive developments in QI culture and communication were reported. The current study illustrates the inherent difficulties coordinating change initiatives, even in favourable circumstances. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This article addresses the lesser studied but common situation of coinciding and competing projects in organizations.
The color-sharing bonus: roles of perceptual organization and attentive processes in visual working memory.

Color repetitions in a visual scene boost working memory capacity for its elements, a phenomenon known as the color-sharing effect. This may occur because improved perceptual organization reduces information load or because the repetitions capture attention. The implications of these explanations differ drastically for both the theoretical meaning of this effect and its potential value for applications in design of visual materials. Previous research suggests that the color-sharing bonus is restricted to tests of the repeated colors themselves, which tends to support the idea that the repetitions capture attention, possibly to the exclusion of the remaining elements. We explicitly manipulated the availability of general attention during a visual change detection task by comparing groups of healthy young adults engaged in articulatory suppression or backward counting. We also tracked eye movements as an implicit indicator of selective attention. Estimated memory capacity was always higher when color duplicates were tested, and under full attention conditions this bonus spilled over to the unique colors too. Analyses of gazes showed that with full attention, participants tended to glance earlier at duplicate colors during stimulus presentation but prioritized looking at unique colors during the retention interval. This pattern of results suggests that the color-sharing bonus occurs due to efficient perceptual organization of the display, which might be enhanced by strategic attention allocation when attention is available.
Lymphoid tissue inducer–like cells are an innate source of IL-17 and IL-22

The interleukin (IL) 17 family of cytokines has emerged to be critical for host defense as well as the pathogenesis of autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders, and serves to link adaptive and innate responses. Recent studies have identified a new subset of T cells that selectively produce IL-17 (Th17 cells; Bettelli, E., T. Korn, and V.K. Kuchroo. 2007. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 19:652–657; Kolls, J.K., and A. Linden. 2004. Immunity. 21:467–476), but the regulation of IL-17 production by innate immune cells is less well understood. We report that in vitro stimulation with IL-23 induced IL-17 production by recombination activating gene (Rag) 2−/− splenocytes but not Rag2−/− common γ chain−/− splenocytes. We found that a major source of IL-17 was CD4+CD3−NK1.1−CD11b−Gr1−CD11c−B220− cells, a phenotype that corresponds to lymphoid tissue inducer–like cells (LTi-like cells), which constitutively expressed the IL-23 receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and CCR6. In vivo challenge with the yeast cell wall product zymosan rapidly induced IL-17 production in these cells. Genetic deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 reduced but did not abrogate IL-17 production in LTi-like cells. Thus, it appears that splenic LTi-like cells are a rapid source of IL-17 and IL-22, which might contribute to dynamic organization of secondary lymphoid organ structure or host defense.
Developing therapeutic couple work in dementia care – the living together with dementia project

This paper describes an approach to working with couples where one partner has a dementia, which is currently under development at the Tavistock Centre for Couple Relationships. This draws upon video-based methods that have been used with parents and children, as well as in psychoanalytic couple psychotherapy, to develop an intervention to assist emotional contact, communication and understanding in couples living with dementia. Our approach includes the person with dementia and their partner, focussing upon the relationship between them and using shared involvement in everyday activities as a basis for enhancing emotional contact. Evidence is reviewed of the need for such an approach, which aims to foster the resilience of the couple's relationship and strengthen their capacity to manage the emotional challenges of the situation. The importance of services holding a relational view in their delivery and the economic and humanitarian consequences of a neglect of this in dementia-care settings are also discussed.
Intraepithelial airway dendritic cells: a distinct subset of pulmonary dendritic cells obtained by microdissection

Dendritic cells (DC), in general, and pulmonary DC, in particular, are a heterogeneous population of cells, their phenotype and function being dependent on their anatomic location, their state of activation, and the regulatory effect of locally secreted cytokines. Using a novel microdissection technique, the epithelium from the trachea and entire airway system was harvested, and the contained DC isolated at greater than 90% purity. The phenotype and function of these airway DC (ADC) was compared to DC isolated, at greater than 90% purity, from the parenchyma of the same lung. In contrast to lung DC (LDC), ADC did not express intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in situ, the amount of immune associated antigen (Ia) expressed was less (as determined by immunoperoxidase staining and immunopanning), and greater than 50% of ADC displayed Fc receptors (FcR). The majority of LDC were ICAM-1+, less than 5% expressed FcR, and all were intensely Ia+. Airway DC were most numerous in tracheal epithelium, but they were also present in small numbers in the epithelium of the most distal airways. Their numbers increased in all segments of the tracheobronchial epithelium in response to the administration of IFN-gamma. ADC were consistently more effective than LDC in presenting soluble (hen egg lysozyme) and particulate (heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes) antigens to antigen- sensitized T cells. By contrast, LDC were significantly more efficient in stimulating the proliferation of nonsensitized T cells in an autologous mixed leukocyte reaction. These data suggest that in normal animals, intraepithelial DC of airways share many attributes with Langerhans cells of the skin. Interstitial LDC, by contrast, reside in an environment where they may be exposed to a different set of regulatory factors and where they have progressed to a more advanced stage of differentiation than ADC. Both groups of DC are, however, heterogeneous, reflecting the continuous turnover that these cells undergo in the lung.
A STUDY ON BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES AMONG MOTHERS IN RURAL AREA OF MANGALORE DISTRICT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Backgrounds: The initial growth of a child depends upon the duration and frequency of breastfeeding it receives, since the breast milk provides important nutrients to infants and young children and protects them against certain infections and helps in the child survival. Materials and Methods : A community based Cross sectional study was conducted from May 2014 to August 2014 in the rural fields practice of K.S. hedge medical academy . A total of 278 houses from the list were visited. Data was Collected in pretested and Semi Structured Questionnaire by Interview technique. Results: The initiation of Breastfeeding was done within one hour by 37.4% . Only 89(29.5%) of the children were given prelacteal feeds in the form of honey, sugar water in our study. Nearly 213 (76.6%) of the mothers had fed colostrum to the newborn soon after delivery. Conclusion: Prelacteal feeds and colostrum was discarded by the majority of the primi parous mothers than multiparous mothers. Hence IEC activities should be enhanced so as to change the behaviour of 100% mothers for Initiation of breastfeeding at the earliest, exclusive breastfeeding and weaning practices.
Comparison of 3-Dimensional Spinal Reconstruction Accuracy: Biplanar Radiographs With EOS Versus Computed Tomography

Study Design: Experimental study for systematic evaluation of 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from low-dose digital stereoradiography. Objective. To assess the accuracy of EOS (EOS Imaging, Paris, France) 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructions compared with 3D computed tomography (CT) and the effect spine positioning within the EOS unit has on reconstruction accuracy. Summary of Background Data. Scoliosis is a 3D deformity, but 3D morphological analyses are still rare. A new low-dose radiation digital stereoradiography system (EOS) was previously evaluated for intra/interobserver variability, but data are limited for 3D reconstruction accuracy. Methods. Three synthetic scoliotic phantoms (T1-pelvis) were scanned in upright position at 0°, ±5°, and ±10° of axial rotation within EOS and in supine position using CT. Three-dimensional EOS reconstructions were superimposed on corresponding 3D computed tomographic reconstructions. Shape, position, and orientation accuracy were assessed for each vertebra and the entire spine. Additional routine planer clinical deformity measurements were compared: Cobb angle, kyphosis, lordosis, and pelvic incidence. Results. Mean EOS vertebral body shape accuracy was 1.1 ± 0.2 mm (maximum 4.7 mm), with 95% confidence interval of 1.7 mm. Different anatomical vertebral regions were modeled well with root-mean-square (RMS) values from 1.2 to 1.6 mm. Position and orientation accuracy of each vertebra were high: RMS offset was 1.2 mm (maximum 3.7 mm) and RMS axial rotation was 1.9° (maximum 5.8°). There was no significant difference in each of the analyzed parameters (P > 0.05) associated with varying the rotational position of the phantoms in EOS machine. Planer measurements accuracy was less than 1° mean difference for pelvic incidence, Cobb angle (mean 1.6°/maximum 3.9°), and sagittal kyphosis (mean less than 1°, maximum 4.9°). Conclusion. The EOS image acquisition and reconstruction software provides accurate 3D spinal representations of scoliotic spinal deformities. The results of this study provide spinal deformity surgeons evidence pertaining to this new upright 3D imaging technology that may aid in the clinical diagnosis and decision making for patients with scoliosis.
Using Sixth-Grade School Records to Predict School Violence, Chronic Discipline Problems, and High School Outcomes

In this study, literature that indicates a need for systematic methods to identify students who are candidates for functional behavioral assessments and strength-based assessments is reviewed. These assessments will guide the development of individualized interventions to prevent violence, chronic discipline problems, and negative high school outcomes. Longitudinal research involving an archival review of a randomly selected sample of 526 students is reported. This research supports the use of school records of discipline referrals as a screening device. Referrals for violence involving fighting in Grade 6 predicted similar referrals in Grade 8. Frequency of discipline referrals in Grade 6 predicted chronic discipline problems in later middle school, which predicted frequency of suspensions in Grade 9. Three or more suspensions in ninth grade predicted school failure. Boys referred for fighting more than twice and girls referred even once for harassing, as sixth graders, were not likely to be on track for graduation when in high school.
European Network for Social and Emotional Competence in Children

The University of Manchester is delighted to host the 3rd biennial conference of the European Network for Social and Emotional Competence in Children (ENSEC). ENSEC is a collaborative network for European researchers and practitioners working in the area of social and emotional competence in children and young people. The theme of the 2011 conference is ‘Social and emotional education across the world: celebrating diversity in theory, research and practice’. There are three conference sub-themes:
Is MCI really just early dementia? A systematic review of conversion studies

Objectives: Older people commonly present with memory loss although on assessment are not found to have a full dementia complex. Previous studies have suggested however that people with subjective and objective cognitive loss are at higher risk of dementia. We aimed to determine from the literature the rate of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Methods: Systematic review of MedLine, PsychLit and EmBase. Results: We identified 19 longitudinal studies published between 1991 and 2001 that addressed conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Overall the rate of conversion was 10% but with large differences between studies. The single biggest variable accounting for between study heterogeneity was source of subjects, with self-selected clinic attenders having the highest conversion rate. The most important factor accounting for heterogeneity within studies was cognitive testing, with poor performance predicting conversion with a high degree of accuracy. Conclusions: These data strongly support the notion that subjective and objective evidence of cognitive decline is not normal and predicts conversion to dementia. The more stringent the measures of both variables the better the prediction of conversion. Mild cognitive impairment, appropriately diagnosed, is a good measure with which to select subjects for disease modification studies.
The impact of treatment on hostile-dominance in forensic psychiatric inpatients: relationships between change in hostile-dominance and recidivism following release from custody

This study explored the impact of psychiatric and psychological treatment on hostile-dominance in 51 offenders with personality disorder in a secure psychiatric unit. Hostile-dominance was assessed at intake and repeated at six monthly intervals. In 28 of the participants with reassessment of hostile-dominance, who were subsequently discharged into the community, the association between reoffending (Grave and Any) and change in hostile-dominance (measured by subtracting the final hostile-dominance score from the initial score), psychopathic traits, Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and treatment completion/non-completion was examined. Results revealed that patients who completed treatment evidenced a reduction in hostile-dominance, whereas patients who did not complete treatment worsened. Logistic regression analyses showed that reduced hostile-dominance, psychopathy and ASPD predicted reoffending (Any). Treatment completion and Psychopathy Checklist Factor 1 scores predicted Grave reoffending. Findings are supportive of the potential for the level of hostile-dominance to be reduced through completion of appropriate treatment; such changes are important to reductions in reoffending.
Revolutionaries and spies on trees and unicyclic graphs

A team of $r$ {\it revolutionaries} and a team of $s$ {\it spies} play a game on a graph $G$. Initially, revolutionaries and then spies take positions at vertices. In each subsequent round, each revolutionary may move to an adjacent vertex or not move, and then each spy has the same option. The revolutionaries want to hold an {\it unguarded meeting}, meaning $m$ revolutionaries at some vertex having no spy at the end of a round. To prevent this forever, trivially at least $\min\{|V(G)|,\FL{r/m}\}$ spies are needed. When $G$ is a tree, this many spies suffices. When $G$ is a unicyclic graph, $\min\{|V(G)|,\CL{r/m}\}$ spies suffice, and we characterize those unicyclic graphs where $\FL{r/m}+1$ spies are needed. \def\FL#1{\lfloor #1 \rfloor} \def\CL#1{\lceil #1 \rceil}
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon nardus citronella essential oil against systemic bacteria of aquatic animals

Background & Objectives This paper describes chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon nardus citronella essential oil against Edwardsiella spp. (n = 21), Vibrio spp. (n = 6), Aeromonas spp. (n = 2), Escherichia coli (n = 2), Salmonella spp. (n = 2), Flavobacterium spp. (n = 1), Pseudomonas spp. (n = 1) and Streptococcus spp. (n = 1) isolated from internal organs of aquatic animals. Due to the ban of antibiotics for aquaculture use, this study was carried out to evaluate the potential of citronella essential oil as alternative to commercial antibiotic use against systemic bacteria in cultured aquatic animals. Materials & Methods The essential oil of C. nardus was prepared by using the steam distillation method and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil tested against bacterial isolates from various aquatic animals and ATCC type strains were determined using two-fold broth micro dilution method with kanamycin and eugenol as positive controls. Results A total of 22 chemical compounds were detected in C. nardus essential oil with 6-octenal, 3, 7-dimethyl- or citronellal representing the major compounds (29.6%). The MIC values of the citronella oil ranged from 0.244 µg/ml to 0.977 µg/ml when tested against the bacterial isolates. Conclusion The results of the present study revealed the potential of C. nardus essential oil as alternative to commercial antibiotics for aquaculture use.
The Role of Mobile Phones in Family Communication

Whilst there is a wealth of research into family communication and family relationships, there is little information about whether (and if so how) mobile phones have impacted on these processes. The authors’ study involved individual semi-structured interviews with 60 families, including parents/carers and young people aged 11–17, to investigate this further. The interviews explored how mobile phones are used in family communication; participants’ views about the benefits and disadvantages of mobile phone use; and issues around safety, surveillance and privacy. The findings show that young people and parents see mobiles as a key way for families to keep in touch, and to monitor and ensure young people’s safety. However, some participants felt there was a downside to this, in relation to some young people either withdrawing into their own social worlds, or having a false feeling of security as a result of having a mobile. Gender differences in views and usage were also found. The paper concludes with some general comments about the role of mobile phones in family life.