Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tectonic Evolution of the Pamir Recorded in the Western Tarim Basin (China): Sedimentologic and Magnetostratigraphic Analyses of the Aertashi Section

The northward indentation of the Pamir salient into the Tarim basin at the western syntaxis of the India‐Asia collision zone is the focus of controversial models linking lithospheric to surface and atmospheric processes. Here we report on tectonic events recorded in the most complete and best‐dated sedimentary sequences from the western Tarim basin flanking the eastern Pamir (the Aertashi section), based on sedimentologic, provenance, and magnetostratigraphic analyses. Increased tectonic subsidence and a shift from marine to continental fluvio‐deltaic deposition at 41 Ma indicate that far‐field deformation from the south started to affect the Tarim region. A sediment accumulation hiatus from 24.3 to 21.6 Ma followed by deposition of proximal conglomerates is linked to fault propagation into the Tarim basin. From 21.6 to 15.0 Ma, increasing accumulation rates of fining upward clastics is interpreted as the expression of a major dextral transtensional system linking the Kunlun to the Tian Shan ahead of the northward Pamir indentation. At 15.0 Ma, the appearance of North Pamir‐sourced conglomerates followed at 11 Ma by Central Pamir‐sourced volcanics coincides with a shift to E‐W compression, clockwise vertical‐axis rotations and the onset of growth strata associated with the activation of the local east vergent Qimugen thrust wedge. Together, this enables us to interpret that Pamir indentation into Tarim had started by 24.3 Ma, reached the study location by 15.0 Ma and had passed it by 11 Ma, providing kinematic constraints on proposed tectonic models involving intracontinental subduction and delamination.
Neurobiological basis of head motion in brain imaging

Significance This study expands our understanding of head motion in brain imaging. Complementing the common knowledge that motion artifacts can distort brain connectivity measures by causing artifacts, this study identifies a neurobiological trait that is linked to differences in motion. This correlate of head motion consists of reduced distant functional connectivity primarily in the default network areas in individuals with high head motion. Importantly, this correlate is stable within individuals across time. These findings may revise the interpretations of imaging findings in many neurodevelopmental, aging, and neuropsychiatric studies. In addition, differentiating the true disease effects from the correlates of motion tendency as reported here is critical for using connectivity markers in the clinical arena because correlates of motion may reduce specificity of biomarkers. Individual differences in brain metrics, especially connectivity measured with functional MRI, can correlate with differences in motion during data collection. The assumption has been that motion causes artifactual differences in brain connectivity that must and can be corrected. Here we propose that differences in brain connectivity can also represent a neurobiological trait that predisposes to differences in motion. We support this possibility with an analysis of intra- versus intersubject differences in connectivity comparing high- to low-motion subgroups. Intersubject analysis identified a correlate of head motion consisting of reduced distant functional connectivity primarily in the default network in individuals with high head motion. Similar connectivity differences were not found in analysis of intrasubject data. Instead, this correlate of head motion was a stable property in individuals across time. These findings suggest that motion-associated differences in brain connectivity cannot fully be attributed to motion artifacts but rather also reflect individual variability in functional organization.
NaCTeM EventMine for BioNLP 2013 CG and PC tasks

This paper describes NaCTeM entries for the Cancer Genetics (CG) and Pathway Curation (PC) tasks in the BioNLP Shared Task 2013. We have applied a state-ofthe-art event extraction system EventMine to the tasks in two different settings: a single-corpus setting for the CG task and a stacking setting for the PC task. EventMine was applicable to the two tasks with simple task specific configuration, and it produced a reasonably high performance, positioning second in the CG task and first in the PC task.
Stirring by multiple cylinders in potential flow

We consider the enhanced mixing due to multiple cylinders organised in schools moving synchronously in a potential flow. Here simple interactions between cylinders are modelled by the method of image doublets. This is an extension to Thiffeault & Childress’s work [Physics Letters A 374, 3487 (2010)] where fluid particle displacements due to noninteracting swimmers were analysed to produce an effective diffusivity that may have a significant impact in ocean mixing. Our results show that schools of two cylinders induce nonlinearly boosted diffusivity compared with the non-interacting case for general configuration parameters, except when they move along a straight line with small separation. We attribute this phenomenon to two different physical mechanisms via which interacting cylinders cooperate to generate long particle drifts depending on their formation. Finally, the effective diffusivity of schools of three or more cylinders in various configurations are also discussed.
Entrapment of Probiotics in Water Extractable Arabinoxylan Gels: Rheological and Microstructural Characterization

Due to their porous structure, aqueous environment and dietary fiber nature arabinoxylan (AX) gels could have potential applications for colon-specific therapeutic molecule delivery. In addition, prebiotic and health related effects of AX have been previously demonstrated. It has been also reported that cross-linked AX can be degraded by bacteria from the intestinal microbiota. However, AX gels have not been abundantly studied as carrier systems and there is no information available concerning their capability to entrap cells. In this regard, probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum have been the focus of intense research activity lately. The objective of this research was to investigate the entrapment of probiotic B. longum in AX gels. AX solution at 2% (w/v) containing B. longum (1 × 107 CFU/cm) formed gels induced by laccase as cross-linking agent. The entrapment of B. longum decreased gel elasticity from 31 to 23 Pa, probably by affecting the physical interactions taking place between WEAX chains. Images of AX gels containing B. longum viewed under a scanning electron microscope show the gel network with the bacterial cells entrapped inside. The microstructure of these gels resembles that of an imperfect honeycomb. The results suggest that AX gels can be potential candidates for the entrapment of probiotics.
Increasing incidence and changing histopathology of primary lung cancer in Japan. A review of 282 autopsied cases

A total of 282 autopsied cases of primary carcinoma of the lung were reviewed from 1950 to 1983 to determine the incidence of histologic types, sex and age distribution, and to compare the trends between Japan and the United States. There were 75 cases in Group A (1950–1964), 89 in Group B (1965–1974) and 118 in Group C (1975–1983). The overall incidence, 282 cases per 8546 autopsies, was 3.3%; the male‐to‐female sex ratio was 2.4:1, and the mean age was 62 ± 11 years. Increases in incidence in men, women, and the total from Group A to C were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). A predominance of adenocarcinoma over squamous cell carcinoma in all cases was apparent in all the groups, but the data showed a trend toward a reduction in the proportion of adenocarcinoma and increases in the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. In contrast, an increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma was reported in the USA.
Empirical Measurements of Lexical Similarity in Noun Phrase Conjuncts

The ability to detect similarity in conjunct heads is potentially a useful tool in helping to disambiguate coordination structures - a difficult task for parsers. We propose a distributional measure of similarity designed for such a task. We then compare several different measures of word similarity by testing whether they can empirically detect similarity in the head nouns of noun phrase conjuncts in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) treebank. We demonstrate that several measures of word similarity can successfully detect conjunct head similarity and suggest that the measure proposed in this paper is the most appropriate for this task.
An Overview of Computer security

As more business activities are being automated and an increasing number of computers are being used to store vital and sensitive information the need for secure computer systems becomes more apparent. These systems can be achieved only through systematic design; they cannot be achieved through haphazard seat-of-the-pants methods.This paper introduces some known threats to the computer security, categorizes the threats, and analyses protection mechanisms and techniques for countering the threats. The threats have been classified more so as definitions and then followed by the classifications of these threats. Also mentioned are the protection mechanisms.
CoBRA: Low cost compensation of TSV failures in 3D-NoC

3D-NoC has emerged to provide fast and power efficient connection between the layers of 2D-NoCs using Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV). Thermal stress, warpage, impurities and misalignment during the manufacturing process make these expensive TSVs vulnerable to faults. Chips with faulty TSVs should be either discarded or utilized by providing a proper fault-tolerant method. In this paper, we target designing a reconfigurable fault-tolerant routing algorithm capable of tolerating fabrication-time or run-time TSV failures. The proposed algorithm ensures a fault-free communication between any two nodes in the presence of TSV failures. Experimental results show that the proposed fault-tolerant routing algorithm provides 100% reliability as long as there is one healthy TSV in the eastmost or westmost column. The reliability of the counterpart algorithm, the Elevator-first routing algorithm, drops to 75% and 45% in presence of one and two faulty TSVs, respectively.
FAPP2 is involved in the transport of apical cargo in polarized MDCK cells

Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) is the main phosphoinositide in the Golgi complex and has been reported to play a pleiotropic role in transport of cargo from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane (PM) in polarized Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Overexpression of the chimeric fluorescent protein encoding the pleckstrin homology domain, which is specific for PI(4)P, inhibited both apical and basolateral transport pathways. The transport of apical cargo from the Golgi was shown to be specifically decreased by adenovirus-mediated RNA interference directed against PI(4)P adaptor protein (FAPP) 2. FAPP1 depletion had no effect on transport. On the other hand, FAPP2 was not involved in the Golgi-to-PM transport of cargo that was targeted to the basolateral membrane domain. Thus, we conclude that FAPP2 plays a specific role in apical transport in MDCK cells.
Variables Affecting Speech Perception in Postlingually Deaf Adults Following Cochlear Implantation

Objective--To evaluate the time span over which there is greatest improvement in postlingually deaf adults undergoing cochlear implantation. Additionally, to quantify potential patient and device factors that may predict the postoperative results. Material and methods--A longitudinal study was conducted. Numbers, monosyllables and sentence test results were collected for 66 cochlear implant subjects [Combi 40/40+, n=60; Clarion HF2, n=2; Nucleus 24m/k, n=4] at regular intervals for up to 6 years following cochlear implantation. Results--All patients showed a steady improvement over time on all tests. Progress during the first 12 months was statistically significant, with further improvements being recorded after the 12-month testing period. The duration of deafness and the number of electrodes (8 for the Combi 40, 12 for the Combi 40+) appeared to be weakly correlated with postoperative performance. Re-implantation after device failure had no negative effect on speech reception. Subjects who were "upgraded" from an analogue to a digital cochlear implant improved their test results almost twofold. Conclusion--All the patients in our study gained substantial benefit from their cochlear implants. It is encouraging to note that the factors examined were not deemed to be relevant predictors of performance. Even long-term deaf subjects and re-implantees are able to achieve an excellent level of speech perception.
Protection of immunosuppressed mice against infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by recombinant P. aeruginosa lipoprotein I and lipoprotein I-specific monoclonal antibodies

Outer membrane protein I (OprI) is one of the major proteins of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The protective effect of OprI vaccination and that of three OprI-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against infection with P. aeruginosa were tested in immunosuppressed mice. The combination of Oprl and MAb 2A1 protected the mice against a challenge with a 96-fold 50% lethal dose. The binding site of MAb 2A1 was mapped, resulting in the identification of a protective epitope (amino acids 7 to 20).
Investigation on structural, thermal, optical and sensing properties of meta-stable hexagonal MoO3 nanocrystals of one dimensional structure

Hexagonal molybdenum oxide (h-MoO3) was synthesized by a solution based chemical precipitation technique. Analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the as-synthesized powder had a metastable hexagonal structure. The characteristic vibrational band of Mo–O was identified from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly depicted the morphology and size of h-MoO3. The morphology study showed that the product comprises one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal rods. From the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurement, the elemental composition was investigated and confirmed from the characteristic peaks of molybdenum and oxygen. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis on metastable MoO3 revealed that the hexagonal phase was stable up to 430 °C and above this temperature complete transformation into a highly stable orthorhombic phase was achieved. The optical band gap energy was estimated from the Kubelka–Munk (K–M) function and was found to be 2.99 eV. Finally, the ethanol vapor-sensing behavior was investigated and the sensing response was found to vary linearly as a function of ethanol concentration in the parts per million (ppm) range.
An abstract model for integrating and composing services in component platforms

Components have brought with them the notion of services which let the programmer concentrate on the business behavior of his component while the non functional part (i.e. the services) is the responsibility of the platform provider. Thus services are not reusable through out the different platforms; the mechanism used to integrate them in the component is totally platform dependant. In this paper we propose a model to define the integration of services independently of the platforms and moreover to automate the composition of services.
A Spin-Glass Model for Semi-Supervised Community Detection

Current modularity-based community detection methods show decreased performance as relational networks become increasingly noisy. These methods also yield a large number of diverse community structures as solutions, which is problematic for applications that impose constraints on the acceptable solutions or in cases where the user is focused on specific communities of interest. To address both of these problems, we develop a semi-supervised spin-glass model that enables current community detection methods to incorporate background knowledge in the forms of individual labels and pairwise constraints. Unlike current methods, our approach shows robust performance in the presence of noise in the relational network, and the ability to guide the discovery process toward specific community structures. We evaluate our algorithm on several benchmark networks and a new political sentiment network representing cooperative events between nations that was mined from news articles over six years.
A direct role for Sox10 in specification of neural crest-derived sensory neurons

sox10 is necessary for development of neural and pigment cell derivatives of the neural crest (NC). However, whereas a direct role for Sox10 activity has been established in pigment and glial lineages, this is more controversial in NC-derived sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). We proposed that sox10 functioned in specification of sensory neurons, whereas others suggested that sensory neuronal defects were merely secondary to absence of glia. Here we provide evidence that in zebrafish, early DRG sensory neuron survival is independent of differentiated glia. Critically, we demonstrate that Sox10 is expressed transiently in the sensory neuron lineage, and specifies sensory neuron precursors by regulating the proneural gene neurogenin1. Consistent with this, we have isolated a novel sox10 mutant that lacks glia and yet displays a neurogenic DRG phenotype. In conjunction with previous findings, these data establish the generality of our model of Sox10 function in NC fate specification.
Suspected Cardiac Syncope in Elderly Patients: Use of the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram to Select Patients for Holter Monitoring

Background: Results of 24-hour Holter monitoring in elderly patients are often unhelpful, since the prevalence of asymptomatic arrhythmias increases and their prognostic significance is unclear. We investigated the value of the resting electrocardiogram (ECG) in predicting significant findings on 24-hour Holter recordings in those suspected of having cardiac syncope. Objective: To see whether the resting 12-lead ECG can be used as a screening tool to select elderly patients suspected of having cardiac syncope for 24-hour ECG monitoring. Method: Comparison of resting 12-lead ECGs and 24-hour Holter tapes in 145 consecutive elderly outpatients suspected of having a cardiac cause for falls, dizziness, or syncope. Results: Four of 30 normal ECGs (13%) showed an abnormality on Holter monitoring as compared with 55 of the 115 abnormal ECGs (47.8%; chi = 11.7143, p < 0.005). In the ‘normal’ group the 4 abnormal Holter recordings all showed short runs of supraventricular tachycardia, and no intervention resulted. The 115 abnormal resting ECGs showed either ischaemia (n = 27), dysrhythmia (n = 28), sinus bradycardia (n = 22), or conduction defects (n = 38). The 55 of these which showed abnormalities on Holter recordings occurred mostly where the resting ECG showed dysrhythmia (n = 14/28; 50%), bradycardia (n = 19/22; 86.4%), and conduction defect (n = 17/38; 44.7%). Seven patients had complete heart block on Holter, and all had conduction defects on resting ECG (p < 0.0004). Fifteen patients had pauses of longer than 3 s on Holter; all had conduction defect, bradycardia, or dysrhythmias on resting ECG (p < 0.0045). Sixteen patients were paced because of complete heart block or pauses on Holter recordings, and all had either bradycardia or conduction defects on resting ECG, resulting in complete resolution of their symptoms. Conclusions: Patients with suspected cardiac syncope and normal resting ECGs are unlikely to reveal significant abnormalities on single 24-hour Holter monitoring. Cardiac event recorder or prolonged Holter monitoring may be required in patients with strong clinical history. Those with abnormal ECGs, in particular sinus bradycardia and conduction defects, are highly likely to have significant abnormalities on 24-hour ECG monitoring.
Electronic Health Record diagnosis tool and a cross reference between coding standards

Many computer applications have been released targeting the implementation of a general Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. The main goal of an EHR system is to digitally store useful medical information about a patient's history and to share it across different health care units. Furthermore, the EHR systems should provide important information to the medical doctors during or after an encounter of care that will facilitate their decisions on making the correct diagnosis. A major problem however, for adopting an EHR system, especially from older doctors corresponds to the time that is needed to become familiar with the tool and thus either prevents them from enjoying the full benefits of an advanced EHR system, or leads to a complete rejection of the system. Therefore one of the fundamental concepts for implementing an EHR system is to incorporate proper and easy to use tools that will enhance and guide the doctors' decisions in an optimal way without taking significant time of their usually busy schedule. In this paper we aim to tackle part of this problem by proposing an application tool that will help the doctor with the patient's diagnosis by suggesting a matching disease code based on the user's (doctor's) notes. In addition, the tool will offer cross reference functionality between two international standards, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT). This tool will be tested as a freemed-software module add-on and it will be implemented in a private group practice (the Center). With their cooperation and the feedback from the users the tool will be evaluated for the possibility to be used in other EHR applications.
Oxygen concentration and protein source affect the development of preimplantation goat embryos in vitro.

The effect of oxygen concentration and the source of protein in culture medium on the development of 2- to 4-cell goat embryos in vitro was investigated. Embryos were collected from superovulated Angora-Cashmere-cross goats 48 h after ovulation and cultured for 6 days in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) medium under one of two oxygen concentrations (20% or 7%) and in the presence of one of five protein sources; Miles bovine serum albumin (Miles BSA), Commonwealth Serum Laboratory bovine serum albumin (CSL BSA), goat serum (GS), fetal calf serum (FCS) and human serum (HS). In the presence of 20% oxygen the percentage of embryos reaching the expanded and/or hatched blastocyst stage in SOF medium containing Miles BSA was 29%, with a mean cell number per embryo of 28.1 +/- 6.0 (+/- s.e.m.). Use of an oxygen concentration of 7% significantly increased the percentage of embryos reaching this stage (80%, P less than 0.01) and the mean number of cells per embryo (65.3 +/- 8.2, P less than 0.01). The mean number of cells of the early-cleavage-stage embryos was significantly lower when the medium contained CSL BSA, GS or FCS (42.7 +/- 5.6, 29.0 +/- 6.1 and 21.3 +/- 3.2, respectively) than with Miles BSA (92.8 +/- 6.4) or HS (104.8 +/- 17.2) (P less than 0.01). Under 7% oxygen and with Miles BSA or HS, embryos were morphologically comparable to those developed in vivo, but the mean cell numbers in vitro were only approximately half those obtained in vivo.