Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The stability of soils used for cropping in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales

Three hundred and six soil samples were classified for sodicity on the basis of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and for spontaneous or mechanical dispersion on the basis of a dispersion test (Emerson 1991). Each sample was analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), concentrations of exchangeable and soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), and concentration of organic carbon (OC). These variables were used to explain the sodicity and dispersive classifications of the 306 samples. Concentrations of exchangeable and soluble Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ along with EC and total cation concentration (TCC) significantly affected the sodicity and dispersion classification of the soil. A sodic soil was expected to disperse spontaneously, a non-sodic soil was not expected to disperse spontaneously. From this hypothesis the expected and observed dispersion class was compared with sodicity class. The expected result corresponded to the observed result 77% of the time and the hypothesis was accepted (P < 0.001).
Tensile Properties of Four Types of ABS Lattice Structures—A Comparative Study

This article aims to compare the behaviour of four types of lattice structures named Cartesian, Rhomboid, Octagonal, and Starlit under tensile stress loading. The structures were made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technique with three different specific volumes (24, 42, and 60%). Five samples of each type were produced, and a total of 60 samples were tested. Experimental testing was performed according to EN ISO 527-1:2012 and EN ISO 527-2:2012. The obtained data were statistically processed, while no outliers were identified. The experimental results pointed out that the specimens’ topology, together with the specific volume, very significantly affected the resultant ABS properties of the tested samples made of the same material. The comparative study showed that in terms of ultimate strength, yield strength, and Young’s modulus, the Cartesian structure appeared to be the most suitable for tensile stress, and the least suitable structure was the Rhomboid structure. On the other hand, the Rhomboid-type of the structure showed not only the highest amount of absorbed energy but also the highest toughness among the investigated lattice structures, so in the near future, its behaviour under an impact test should be studied.
Rainfall‐runoff modelling of a humid tropical catchment: the TOPMODEL approach

TOPMODEL, a semi‐distributed, topographically based hydrological model, was applied to simulate continuously the runoff hydrograph of a medium‐sized (379 km2), humid tropical catchment. The objectives were to relate hydrological responses to runoff generation mechanisms operating in the catchment and to estimate the uncertainty associated with runoff prediction. Field observations indicated that water tables were not parallel to the surface topography, particularly at the start of the wet season. A reference topographic index λREF was therefore introduced into the TOPMODEL structure to increase the weighting of local storage deficits in upland areas. The model adaptation had the effect of deepening water tables with distance from the river channel. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) framework was used to assess the performance of the model with randomly selected parameter sets, and to set simulation confidence limits. The model simulated well the fast subsurface and overland flow events superimposed on the seasonal rise and fall of the baseflow. The top ranked parameter sets achieved modelling efficiencies of 0·943 and 0·849 in 1994 and 1995 respectively. The GLUE analysis showed that the exponential decay parameter m, controlling the baseflow and the local storage deficit, was the most sensitive parameter. There was increased uncertainty in the simulations of storm events during the early and late phases of the season, which was due to a combination of: errors in detecting the rainfall depths for convectional rainfall events; the treatment of rainfall as a catchment areal value; and, the strong seasonality in runoff response in the humid tropics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Submerged Technique of Partially De-Epithelialized Free Gingival Grafts for Gingival Phenotype Modification in the Maxillary Anterior Region: A Case Report of a 34-Year Follow-up

A coronally advanced flap combined with a subepithelial connective tissue graft is considered the gold standard for achieving root coverage on exposed root surfaces. Nevertheless, challenges arise when this technique is applied to multiple teeth and when the palatal soft tissue is very thin. Several surgical modifications have been reported to simultaneously achieve both single or multiple root coverage and widening of the keratinized gingiva. In this context, there have been no reported cases utilizing the submerged technique with partially de-epithelialized free gingival grafts. We intend to introduce a submerged technique involving partially de-epithelialized free gingival grafts for the modification of soft tissue phenotypes in the maxillary anterior region.
Broadband Achromatic Metalens for Tunable Focused Vortex Beam Generation in the Near-Infrared Range

Vortex beams accompanied with orbital angular momentum have attracted significant attention in research fields due to their formidable capabilities in various crucial applications. However, conventional devices for generating vortex beams still suffer from bulky sizes, high cost, and confined performances. Metalens, as an advanced platform to arbitrarily control the optical waves, has promising prospects to address the predicament for conventional devices. Although great progress has been demonstrated in the applications of vortex beams, they are still confronted with fixed functionality after fabrication that severely hinders their application range. In this work, the phase-change material of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is employed to design the meta-atoms to realize tunable optical responses. Moreover, the focused vortex beam can be accomplished by superimposing a helical phase and hyperbolic phase, and the chromatic aberrations in near-infrared (NIR) range can be corrected by introducing an additional phase compensation. And the design strategy is validated by two different metalenses (BAMTF-1 and BAMTF-2). The numerical results indicate that the chromatic aberrations for two metalens can be corrected in 1.33–1.60 μm covering the telecom range. Moreover, the average focusing efficiency of BAMTF-1 is 51.4%, and that of BAMTF-2 is 39.9%, indicating the favorable performances of designed BAMTF. More importantly, their average focal lengths have a relative tuning range of 38.82% and 33.17% by altering the crystallization ratio of GST, respectively. This work may provide a significant scheme for on-chip and tunable devices for NIR imaging and communication systems.
Local Expression Dynamics of Various Adipokines during Induced Luteal Regression (Luteolysis) in the Bovine Corpus Luteum

Simple Summary Within the intricacies of the reproductive cycle, the regression of the corpus luteum (CL) plays a pivotal role. This temporary endocrine structure, formed post-ovulation, undergoes regression in the absence of pregnancy. The CL experiences rapid and profound changes in function and structure. This process, known as luteal regression or luteolysis, remains a cornerstone of the female reproductive system’s mechanics. Notably, within ovarian physiology, a domain of local regulation has been unveiled. Thus, our investigation set out to explore the enigmatic realm of locally produced adipokines and their receptor dynamics within the CL during experimentally induced luteolysis. Through meticulous examination at diverse stages of CL regression, we unveiled significant fluctuations in adipokine expression, unveiling their potential roles in orchestrating corpus luteum lysis or the resumption of cyclicity. Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of various local novel adipokines, including vaspin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, along with their associated receptors, heat shock 70 protein 5, adiponectin receptor 1, and adiponectin receptor 2, in the corpus luteum (CL) during luteal regression, also known as luteolysis, in dairy cows. We selected Fleckvieh cows in the mid-luteal phase (days 8–12, control group) and administered cloprostenol (PGF analog) to experimentally induce luteolysis. We collected CL samples at different time points following PGF application: before treatment (days 8–12, control group) and at 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 64 h post-treatment (n = 5) per group. The mRNA expression was measured via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Vaspin was characterized by high mRNA levels at the beginning of the regression stage, followed by a significant decrease 48 h and 64 h after PGF treatment. Adiponectin mRNA levels were elevated 48 h after PGF. Resistin showed upregulation 4 h post PGF application. In summary, the alterations observed in the adipokine family within experimentally induced regressing CL tissue potentially play an integral role in the local regulatory processes governing the sequence of events culminating in functional luteolysis and subsequent structural changes in the bovine ovary.
Spring‐summer droughts in the Czech Land in 1805–2012 and their forcings

Drought is an extreme meteorological phenomenon involving serious economic consequences. In the Czech Lands, it is reflected in significant reductions in agricultural productivity, lack of water for hygiene and industry, and impacts of forest management. Mean monthly temperature and precipitation series created for the Czech Lands for 1805–2012 were used to calculate spring (MAM) and summer (JJA) drought indices (SPI‐1, SPI‐12, SPEI‐1, SPEI‐12, Z‐index and PDSI), which were then used for further analyses. Fluctuations in drought indices demonstrate an increasing long‐term dryness in the Czech climate, statistically significant for SPEI‐12 and PDSI in MAM and JJA (in MAM as well for SPEI‐1 and Z‐index). A significant concentration of drought episodes before 1880 may be attributed to a lack of precipitation, whereas the droughts of recent decades (particularly 2004–2012) are more strongly related to high temperatures. The effects of droughts are reflected in significant reductions in winter wheat and spring barley yields in the eastern province of Moravia. Regression analysis of drought forcings discloses the importance of the North Atlantic Oscillation phase and the aggregate effect of anthropogenic forcing (driven largely by increases in CO2 concentration). Their magnitude of influence varies strongly with the type of drought index and season of the year. Other factors, such as solar irradiation and the Southern Oscillation phase make only minor contributions to drought variability. The effects of volcanic activity and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation are even weaker and statistically insignificant.
Dyslexia and Stuttering: An Overview of Processing Deficits and the Relationship Between Them

Stuttering and dyslexia are two processing deficits that have an impact on a person's social and academic lives, especially as they usually affect the pediatric population more than adults. Even though they affect different domains, they have similar characteristics in their pathogenesis, epidemiology, and impact on life. Both disorders represent a considerable percentage of the population worldwide and locally in Saudi Arabia, and they have similar epidemiological trends. Family history, genetic factors, early fetal and neonatal factors, and environmental factors are all identified as risk factors for both conditions. Moreover, it has been established that both diseases share a common genetic and anatomical basis, along with a mutual disruption of diadochokinetic skills. While rehabilitative techniques can be used in both conditions, stuttering could also benefit from pharmacological interventions. This review emphasizes that extensive research should be done to explore both of these conditions as they impact different areas of one's life and the relationship between them to better understand their pathophysiological origins.
Improved satellite altimetry in coastal systems: Case study of the Corsica Channel (Mediterranean Sea)

The fidelity of corrections and processing are critical for a realistic use of official altimetric products close to the coast. A new processing strategy, which starts from the TOPEX/Poseidon GDRs with the addition of improved corrective terms, is proposed and evaluated in the area of the Corsica Channel. Sea level anomalies agree with the coincident sea truth (bottom pressure and tide gauge) within 2–3 cm rms for seasonal and longer time scales. Analysis for almost ten years of coincident mooring and altimetric velocities shows that a substantial reduction of uncertainty to ∼4 cm s−1 may be possible after reasonable filtering of the noise introduced by more variable coastal sea surface states. The conclusion is that the altimetry success is still limited to seasonal time scales, and provided that the oceanographic signal ensures an adequate signature to be isolated from background noise.
Effect of Conjunctive Use of Water for Paddy Field Irrigation on Groundwater Budget in an Alluvial Fan

Conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater for irrigation plays an important role in the hydrology of alluvial fans, both as a source of recharge to the groundwater and as a cause of discharge by pumping. Therefore, reliable estimates of distributed groundwater recharge and discharge are critical in analyzing groundwater budgets in alluvial fans. Nasunogahara basin, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, is an alluvial fan with abundant shallow groundwater, which is extracted and used for irrigation. In this study an integrated surface water- groundwater model, which combined a modified tank model with a finite difference model, was used to evaluate quantitatively groundwater recharge and discharge capacities of each recharge source and discharge route and to assess the effect of conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater for paddy field irrigation on the water balance of the shallow aquifer of Nasunogahara. The tank model calculated recharge by different recharge sources to the shallow aquifer and also calculated the amount of groundwater pumped for irrigation. Distributed groundwater recharge and discharge were estimated at each node in the groundwater flow model based on the paddy field area around the node. Results of the model indicate that the calculated water table elevations were able to describe the actual behavior of the shallow aquifer adequately. From the model simulation runs, it was found that although paddy fields are big users of groundwater by pumping, the irrigation water applied is used in a cyclic manner to recharge the shallow aquifer. The percentage of the recharge from paddy fields to the total net recharge is 21 %, which is mainly provided from paddy fields irrigated by canal water. These facts indicate the importance of the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater for irrigation in maintaining the hydrologic system of the basin.
Estimating Vitamin C Intake Requirements in Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis of NHANES 2017–2018 and EPIC-Norfolk Cohorts

Vitamin C is an essential enzyme cofactor and antioxidant with pleiotropic roles in human physiology. Circulating vitamin C concentrations are lower in people with diabetes mellitus, suggesting a higher dietary requirement for the vitamin. We interrogated the NHANES 2017–2018 and EPIC-Norfolk datasets to compare vitamin C requirements between those with and without diabetes mellitus using dose–concentration relationships fitted with sigmoidal (four-parameter logistic) curves. The NHANES cohort (n = 2828 non-supplementing adults) comprised 488 (17%) participants with diabetes (self-reported or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). The participants with diabetes had a lower vitamin C status (median [IQR]) than those without (38 [17, 52] µmol/L vs. 44 [25, 61] µmol/L, p < 0.0001), despite comparable dietary intakes between the two groups (51 [26, 93] mg/d vs. 53 [24, 104] mg/d, p = 0.5). Dose–concentration relationships indicated that the group without diabetes reached adequate vitamin C concentrations (50 µmol/L) with an intake of 81 (72, 93) mg/d, whilst those with diabetes required an intake of 166 (126, NA) mg/d. In the EPIC-Norfolk cohort, comprising 20692 non-supplementing adults, 475 (2.3%) had self-reported diabetes at baseline. The EPIC cohort had a lower BMI than the NHANES cohort (26 [24, 28] kg/m2 vs. 29 [25, 34] kg/m2, p < 0.0001). Correspondingly, the EPIC participants without diabetes required a lower vitamin C intake of 64 (63, 65) mg/d while those with diabetes required 129 (104, NA) mg/d to reach adequate circulating vitamin C status. C-reactive protein concentrations were strongly correlated with body weight and BMI and provided a surrogate biomarker for vitamin C requirements. In conclusion, people with diabetes had 1.4 to 1.6 fold higher requirements for vitamin C than those without diabetes. This corresponds to additional daily vitamin C intake requirements of ~30–40 mg for people with diabetes, equating to a total daily intake of at least 125 mg/d.
Volatiles in Submarine Basaltic Glasses from the Northern Kerguelen Plateau (ODP Site 1140): Implications for Source Region Compositions, Magmatic Processes, and Plateau Subsidence

Submarine pillow basalts (34 Ma) recovered from the Northern INTRODUCTION Kerguelen Plateau at ODP Site 1140 contain abundant unaltered The Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge formed mostly glass, providing the first opportunity to measure the volatile contents during the Cretaceous as a single, giant oceanic plateau of tholeiitic basaltic magmas related to the Kerguelen mantle plume. that is interpreted to represent voluminous magmatism The glasses have La/Sm and Nb/Zr ratios that vary from values associated with emplacement of a mantle plume head similar to Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) MORB (Unit 1), to below young Indian Ocean lithosphere (Duncan & slightly more enriched (Unit 6), to values transitional between Storey, 1992; Weis et al., 1992). During Ocean Drilling SEIR MORB and basaltic magmas formed by melting of the Program (ODP) Leg 183, igneous basement rock and Kerguelen plume (Units 2 and 3). Volatile contents for glasses in sediment cores were obtained from five sites on the Units 1 and 6 are similar to depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt Kerguelen Plateau and two on Broken Ridge (Fig. 1). The (MORB) values (0·25–0·27 wt % H2O, 1240–1450 ppm S, results, combined with subsequent radiometric dating, 42–54 ppm Cl). In contrast, H2O contents are higher for the demonstrate that from south to north the age of the enriched glasses (Unit 2, 0·44 wt % H2O; Unit 3, 0·69 wt %), uppermost crust decreases from 120–110 Ma in the as are S (1500 ppm) and Cl (146–206 ppm). Cl/K ratios Southern Kerguelen Plateau, to >110 to 95 Ma in the for all glasses are relatively low (0·03–0·04), indicating that Central Kerguelen Plateau, Broken Ridge and Elan Bank, assimilation of hydrothermally altered material did not occur during to Ζ35 Ma in the Northern Kerguelen Plateau (Coffin shallow-level crystallization. H2O/Ce for the enriched glasses et al., 2000; Pringle & Duncan, 2000; Duncan, 2002). At (Units 2 and 3) is significantly lower than Pacific and South six of seven basement sites, as well as at four sites drilled Atlantic MORB values, suggesting that low H2O/Ce may be an on earlier ODP cruises, subaerially erupted basalt flows inherent characteristic of the Kerguelen plume source. Vapor saturation were recovered, indicating that the growth rate of the pressures calculated using the H2O and CO2 contents of the glasses Kerguelen large igneous province (LIP) was sufficient to indicate that >1700 m of subsidence has occurred on this part of form a subaerial landmass. However, a sequence of the plateau since eruption of the basalts at 34 Ma. Subsidence submarine-erupted pillow basalt flows of 90 m thickness estimates for Site 1140 and other ODP drill sites indicate that the was drilled at Site 1140 on the Northern Kerguelen various parts of the Kerguelen Plateau subsided at a rate comparable Plateau (Coffin et al., 2000). with that for normal Indian Ocean lithosphere. The Site 1140 submarine glasses provide the first
Effects on microbial communities of long-term application of organic matter and conversion to upland condition of paddy field: Estimation by eDNA analysis

Microorganisms and their activities in paddy field soil play important roles for rice production and soil fertility. Effects of long-term application of organic matter and conversion to upland on microbial community structures were investigated in Japanese paddy fields by molecular ecological techniques (eDNA analysis) for better understanding of their roles in paddy field soil. The effect of long-term application of organic matter (rice straw compost) on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns of 16S rRNA genes of bacterial communities and 18S rRNA genes of fungal communities was small. DGGE banding patterns from 18S rRNA genes of fungal communities in paddy-upland rotational plots and upland plots converted from paddy fields were different from those for plots continuously cropped with paddy rice. These results indicated that the microbial communities in paddy fields were not influenced by long-term application of organic matter, but were affected by conversion to upland fields from paddy fields.
Thwaites Glacier grounding-line retreat: influence of width and buttressing parameterizations

Abstract Major ice loss has recently been observed along coastal outlet glaciers of the West Antarctic ice sheet, mainly due to increased melting below the ice shelves. However, the behavior of this marine ice sheet is poorly understood, leading to significant shortcomings in ice-sheet models attempting to predict future sea-level rise. The stability of a marine ice sheet is controlled by the dynamics at the grounding line, the boundary between the grounded ice stream and the floating ice shelf. One of the largest contributors to current sea-level rise is the fast-flowing Thwaites Glacier, which flows into the Amundsen Sea. Here we use an ice-stream/ice-shelf model and perform a number of experiments along a central flowline to analyze the sensitivity of its grounding line on centennial timescales. In the absence of width and buttressing effects, we find that the grounding line retreats by ˜300 km in 200 years from the present day (rate of 1.5 km a–1). With variable glacier width implemented in the model, flow convergence slows the retreat of Thwaites grounding line at 0.3–1.2 km a–1. The parameterization of ice-shelf buttressing according to different observed scenarios further reduces the glacier retreat and can even lead to a slight advance in the most buttressed case.
Non-invasive brain-actuated control of a mobile robot

Recent experiments have indicated the possibility to use the brain electrical activity to directly control the movement of robotics or prosthetic devices. In this paper we report results with a portable non-invasive brain-computer interface that makes possible the continuous control of a mobile robot in a house-like environment. The interface uses 8 surface electrodes to measure electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from which a statistical classifier recognizes 3 different mental states. Until now, brain-actuated control of robots has relied on invasive approaches-requiring surgical implantation of electrodes-since EEG-based systems have been considered too slow for controlling rapid and complex sequences of movements. Here we show that, after a few days of training, two human subjects successfully moved a robot between several rooms by mental control only. Furthermore, mental control was only marginally worse than manual control on the same task.