Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confirmation of the Electron Cyclotron Maser Instability as the Dominant Source of Radio Emission from Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs

We report on radio observations of the M8.5 dwarf LSR J1835+3259 and the L3.5 dwarf 2MASS J00361617+1821104, which provide the strongest evidence to date that the electron cyclotron maser instability is the dominant mechanism producing radio emission in the magnetospheres of ultracool dwarfs. As has previously been reported for the M9 dwarf TVLM 513–46546, periodic pulses of 100% circularly polarized, coherent radio emission are detected from both dwarfs with periods of 2.84 ± 0.01 and 3.08 ± 0.05 hr, respectively, for LSR J1835+3259 and 2MASS J00361617+1821104. Importantly, periodic unpolarized radio emission is also detected from 2MASS J00361617+1821104, and brightness temperature limitations rule out gyrosynchrotron radiation as a source of this radio emission. The unpolarized emission from this and other ultracool dwarfs is also attributed to electron cyclotron maser emission, which has become depolarized on traversing the ultracool dwarf magnetosphere, possibly due to propagations effects such as scattering. Based on available vsin i data in the literature and rotation periods derived from the periodic radio data for the three confirmed sources of electron cyclotron maser emission, TVLM 513–46546, LSR J1835+3259, and 2MASS J00361617+1821104, we determine that the rotation axes of all three dwarfs are close to perpendicular to our line of sight. This suggests a possible geometrical selection effect due to the inherent directivity of electron cyclotron maser emission, that may account for the previously reported relationship between radio activity and vsin i observed for ultracool dwarfs. We also determine the radius of the dwarf LSR J1835+3259 to be ≥0.117 ± 0.012 R☉. The implied size of the radius, together with the bolometric luminosity of the dwarf, suggests that either LSR J1835 is a young- or intermediate-age brown dwarf, or that current theoretical models underestimate the radii of ultracool dwarfs.
Inhibition of Glucocorticoid Receptor-mediated Transcriptional Activation by p38 Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase*

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promotes certain immune and inflammatory responses, whereas glucocorticoids exert immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. We show that TNF treatment produced a modest inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated transcriptional activation of a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter-driven luciferase construct in HeLa cells. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), are important mediators of target gene activation by TNF, and JNK activation was earlier shown to inhibit GR-mediated transcriptional activation by direct phosphorylation of GR at Ser-246. Transfection of HeLa cells with MKK6b(E), a constitutively active specific upstream activator of p38, led to a potent inhibition of GR activation of the MMTV promoter-driven luciferase construct. A similar inhibition of activation of the MMTV promoter-driven luciferase construct was seen in HeLa cells transfected with MKK7(D), a constitutively functional activator of JNK. Data from “domain swap” experiments using GR chimeras indicated that the main target of the p38-mediated (but not JNK-mediated) inhibition is the ligand-binding domain of GR (spanning amino acids 525–795), whereas the constitutively active N-terminal AF-1 region (spanning amino acids 106–237) is dispensable for the inhibitory effect of p38. We also demonstrate that activated p38 targets the GR ligand-binding domain indirectly. Suppression of GR function by activated p38 and JNK MAP kinases may be physiologically important as a mechanism of resistance to glucocorticoids seen in many patients with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Everyday youth participation? Contrasting views from Australian policymakers and young people

Youth participation, as a form of consultation within policymaking processes in Australia, has been largely critiqued for its reliance on formal participation mechanisms that are rarely inclusive or representative of a range of young people’s experiences. This article shows that policymakers who are critical of formal methods of youth participation can identify contemporary effective practice and believe initiatives ought to be youth-led, purposeful, provide feedback and be creative and fun. Thus, there is a new awareness by policymakers of the effectiveness of integrating young people’s everyday perspectives into participation. Similarly, it was found that participation and active involvement in decision making was meaningful for young people when it was youth-led, fun and informal, and based on relevant, everyday issues rather than complex policy processes. So why has youth participation remained static and focused mainly on new formal initiatives? To examine this contrast in views and practices, the article presents findings from four discussion groups convened with senior government and community policymakers and a qualitative examination of both marginalized young people’s understanding of youth participation mechanisms and their capacity to influence policymaking that affected their everyday lives.
New Subsistence Data and Human Remains from the Earliest Levantine Epipalaeolithic

DAWSON, CHARLES, AND ARTHUR SMITH WOODWARD. I9I3. On the discovery of a palaeolithic skull and mandible in a flint-bearing gravel overlying the Wealden. (Hastings Beds) at Piltdown, Fletching (Sussex). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 69 (March):II7-5I. I9I4. Supplementary note on the discovery of a palaeolithic human skull and mandible at Piltdown (Sussex). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 70 (April):8.2-99. I9I5. On a bone implement from Piltdown (Sussex). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 7I (March): I44-49. DE VRIES, H. , AND KENNETH P. OAKLEY. I959. Radiocarbon dating of the Piltdown skull and jaw. Nature i84:224-25. ESSEX, ROBERT. I955. The Piltdown plot: A hoax that grew. Kent and Sussex Journal, July-September, pp.94-95. GOULD , STEPHEN JAY. 1980. The Piltdown conspiracy. Natural History 8o (8):I2I-24. I98I. Piltdown in letters. Natural History go (6):I2-30. GREGORY, WILLIAM KING. I9I4. The dawn man of Piltdown, England. American Museum Journal I4 (May):I89-200. HALSTEAD, L. B. I978. New light on the Piltdown hoax? Nature 276:II-13. HARRISSON, TOM. I959. The Piltdown forgery: A. H. Everett and Niah. Sarawak Museum Journal 9:I47-50. HRDLICKA, ALES. i922. The Piltdown jaw. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 5:337-47. LANGHAM, IAN. I978. Talgai and Piltdown: The common context. Artefact 3:I8 I-224. LYNE, H. COURTNEY. I9I6. The significance of radiographs of the Piltdown teeth. Royal Society of Medicine, Proceedings 9 (3):33-62. MARSTON, ALVAN. I952. Reasons why the Piltdown canine tooth and mandible could not belong to Piltdown man. British Dental Journal 93:I-I4. MATTHEWS, L. HARRISON. I98I. Piltdown man: The missing links. New Scientist 90:280-282, 376, 5I5-i6, 578-79, 64748, 7IO-II, 785, 86I-62; 9i:26-28. MILLAR, R. I974. The Piltdown men: A case of archaeological fraud. London: Granada. MILLER, GERRIT S. I9I5. The jaw of Piltdown. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 65:I-3I. M O N T A G U, M. F. A S H L E Y. I 95 I. The Piltdown mandible and cranium. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 9:464-
The Influences of Personality and Motivation on Exercise Participation and Quality of Life

The major purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality on individual exercise motivation and exercise participation, which then influences quality of life. A comprehensive model was developed, based on an extensive literature review, and empirically tested using members of fitness centers from Taiwan, Europe and the United States as respondents. The results indicate that individuals with a positive personality tend to have higher levels of exercise motivation and exercise participation. Personality and exercise participation then impacted on individuals’ quality of life, in terms of physical health improvement, psychological health improvement, and sexual satisfaction. The study results offer valuable suggestions not only to marketing managers of fitness centers but also to government officers to promote health and quality of life through stimulating exercise motivation and exercise participation.
The Dark Side of the Force – Constraints and Complications of Cell Therapies for Stroke

Cell therapies are increasingly recognized as a promising option to augment the limited therapeutic arsenal available to fight ischemic stroke. During the last two decades, cumulating preclinical evidence has indicated a substantial efficacy for most cell treatment paradigms and first clinical trials are currently underway to assess safety and feasibility in patients. However, the strong and still unmet demand for novel stroke treatment options and exciting findings reported from experimental studies may have drawn our attention away from potential side effects related to cell therapies and the ways by which they are commonly applied. This review summarizes common and less frequent adverse events that have been discovered in preclinical and clinical investigations assessing cell therapies for stroke. Such adverse events range from immunological and neoplastic complications over seizures to cell clotting and cell-induced embolism. It also describes potential complications of clinically applicable administration procedures, detrimental interactions between therapeutic cells, and the pathophysiological environment that they are placed into, as well as problems related to cell manufacturing. Virtually each therapeutic intervention comes at a certain risk for complications. Side effects do therefore not generally compromise the value of cell treatments for stroke, but underestimating such complications might severely limit therapeutic safety and efficacy of cell treatment protocols currently under development. On the other hand, a better understanding will provide opportunities to further improve existing therapeutic strategies and might help to define those circumstances, under which an optimal effect can be realized. Hence, the review eventually discusses strategies and recommendations allowing us to prevent or at least balance potential complications in order to ensure the maximum therapeutic benefit at minimum risk for stroke patients.
Interdependence of Reliability and Security

This paper studies manufacturer incentives to invest in the improvement of reliability and security of a software system when (i) reliability and security failures are caused by the same errors in the development of the software components and (ii) naive users find it too costly to distinguish between these two classes of system failures. We trace the effects of these informational imperfections and discuss how the resulting supply and demand externalities affect manufacturer investments. When users cannot distinguish between reliability and security failures and investment in system security is driven by the weakest link, the standard for optimal due care then depends on manufacturer characteristics with respect to both security and reliability. In this case, imposition of a due care standard based solely on reliability or on security becomes socially suboptimal. JEL Codes: D82, L14, D40.
Exome Enrichment and SOLiD Sequencing of Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) Prostate Cancer Tissue

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized cancer research allowing the comprehensive study of cancer using high throughput deep sequencing methodologies. These methods detect genomic alterations, nucleotide substitutions, insertions, deletions and copy number alterations. SOLiD (Sequencing by Oligonucleotide Ligation and Detection, Life Technologies) is a promising technology generating billions of 50 bp sequencing reads. This robust technique, successfully applied in gene identification, might be helpful in detecting novel genes associated with cancer initiation and progression using formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue. This study’s aim was to compare the validity of whole exome sequencing of fresh-frozen vs. FFPE tumor tissue by normalization to normal prostatic FFPE tissue, obtained from the same patient. One primary fresh-frozen sample, corresponding FFPE prostate cancer sample and matched adjacent normal prostatic tissue was subjected to exome sequencing. The sequenced reads were mapped and compared. Our study was the first to show comparable exome sequencing results between FFPE and corresponding fresh-frozen cancer tissues using SOLiD sequencing. A prior study has been conducted comparing the validity of sequencing of FFPE vs. fresh frozen samples using other NGS platforms. Our validation further proves that FFPE material is a reliable source of material for whole exome sequencing.
Currently available useful immunohistochemical markers of renal pathology for the diagnosis of renal allograft rejection

Renal allograft dysfunction may be induced by various causes, including alloimmune rejection, viral infection, urinary tract obstruction, calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity and/or recurrent renal disease. In order to determine the underlying cause, a renal biopsy is performed and the renal transplant pathology is diagnosed using the internationally consensus Banff classification. Although a progressive understanding of allograft rejection has provided numerous immunohistochemical markers, only the C4d is regarded to be a sufficiently useful marker for antibody‐mediated allograft rejection according to the Banff classification. This review summarizes currently available useful immunohistochemical markers of renal transplant pathology, including C4d, with diagnostic implications for human renal allograft rejection. In particular, we discuss immunohistochemical markers in the following three categories: immunohistochemical markers of renal pathology used to (i) analyze the mechanisms of alloimmune rejection, (ii) monitor cell injury and/or inflammation associated with rejection and (iii) identify renal components in order to improve the diagnosis of rejection. In addition, recent progress in the field of renal transplant pathology includes the development of a new method for assessing molecular pathology using OMICS analyses. As the recent findings of various studies in patients undergoing renal transplantation are very encouraging, novel immunohistochemical markers must be also developed and combined with new technologies for the diagnosis of human renal allograft rejection.
A Closer Look at the Role of Applicant Age in Selection Decisions

Participants evaluated hypothetical applicants recruited from a younger (university students) or older (American Association of Retired Persons) population for 2 young-typed jobs, one more strongly young-typed than the other. Participants were given applicant information, including age and personal characteristics, that varied in the extent to which it was consistent with raters' job stereotypes. Results indicated that younger applicants were evaluated more favorably than older applicants. However, an Applicant Age × Job interaction effect indicated that the older applicant was evaluated less favorably for the more strongly compared with the less strongly young-typed job. In addition. applicants whose personal characteristics (other than age) were more consistent with raters' job stereotypes were evaluated more favorably than applicants whose characteristics were less consistent. Results also indicated that applicant age and personal characteristics interacted to influence applicant evaluations. The implications of these and other study results are discussed.
Highly efficient reconfigurable parallel graph cuts for embedded vision

Graph cuts are very popular methods for combinatorial optimization mainly utilized, while also being the most computational intensive part, in several vision schemes such as image segmentation and stereo correspondence; their advantage is that they are very efficient as they provide guarantees about the optimality of the reported solution. Moreover, when those vision schemes are executed in mobile devices there is a strong need, not only for real-time processing, but also for low power/energy consumption. In this paper, we present a novel architecture for the implementation, in reconfigurable hardware, of one of the most widely used graph cuts algorithms, which is also the fastest sequential one, called BK. Our novelty comes from the fact that we use a 2-level hierarchical decomposition method to parallelize it in a very modular way allowing it to be efficiently implemented in FPGAs with different number of logic cells and/or memory resources. We fast-prototyped the architecture, using a High level synthesis workflow, in a state-of-the-art FPGA device; our implementation outperforms an optimized reference software solution by more than 6x, while consuming 35 times less energy;. To the best of our knowledge this is the first parallel implementation of this very widely used algorithm in reconfigurable hardware.
Floral structure, breeding system and fruit-set in the threatened sub-shrub Tetratheca juncea Smith (Tremandraceae).

Tetratheca juncea Smith (Tremandraceae) has undergone a range contraction of approx. 50 km in the last 100 years and is now listed as a vulnerable sub-shrub restricted to the central and north coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. There are approx. 250 populations in a 110 km north-south distribution and populations are usually small with fewer than 50 plants/clumps. The reproductive ecology of the species was studied to determine why seed-set is reportedly rare. Flowers are bisexual, odourless and nectarless. Flowers are presented dependentally and there are eight stamens recurved around the pistil. Anthers are poricidal, contain viable pollen and basally contain a deep-red tapetal fluid that is slightly oily. Thus flowers are presented for buzz pollinators, although none were observed at flowers during our study. The species was found to be facultatively xenogamous with only one in 50 glasshouse flowers setting seed autogamously, i.e. without pollinator assistance. Field studies revealed fertile fruit in 24 populations but production varied significantly across sites from exceedingly low (0.6 fruits per plant clump) to low (17 fruits per plant clump). Fruit-set ranged from 0 to 65 %, suggesting that pollen vectors exist or that autogamy levels in the field are variable and higher than glasshouse results. Fruit production did not vary with population size, although in three of the five populations in the south-west region more than twice as much fruit was produced as in populations elsewhere. A moderately strong relationship between foliage volume and fruit : flower ratios suggests that bigger plants may be more attractive than smaller plants to pollinators. A review of Tetratheca pollination ecology revealed that several species are poorly fecund and pollinators are rare. The habitat requirements for Tetratheca, a genus of many rare and threatened species, is discussed.
A Critical Review of Biomarkers Used for Monitoring Human Exposure to Lead: Advantages, Limitations, and Future Needs

Lead concentration in whole blood (BPb) is the primary biomarker used to monitor exposure to this metallic element. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization define a BPb of 10 μg/dL (0.48 μmol/L) as the threshold of concern in young children. However, recent studies have reported the possibility of adverse health effects, including intellectual impairment in young children, at BPb levels < 10 μg/dL, suggesting that there is no safe level of exposure. It appears impossible to differentiate between low-level chronic Pb exposure and a high-level short Pb exposure based on a single BPb measurement; therefore, serial BPb measurements offer a better estimation of possible health outcomes. The difficulty in assessing the exact nature of Pb exposure is dependent not so much on problems with current analytical methodologies, but rather on the complex toxicokinetics of Pb within various body compartments (i.e., cycling of Pb between bone, blood, and soft tissues). If we are to differentiate more effectively between Pb stored in the body for years and Pb from recent exposure, information on other biomarkers of exposure may be needed. None of the current biomarkers of internal Pb dose have yet been accepted by the scientific community as a reliable substitute for a BPb measurement. This review focuses on the limitations of biomarkers of Pb exposure and the need to improve the accuracy of their measurement. We present here only the traditional analytical protocols in current use, and we attempt to assess the influence of confounding variables on BPb levels. Finally, we discuss the interpretation of BPb data with respect to both external and endogenous Pb exposure, past or recent exposure, as well as the significance of Pb determinations in human specimens including hair, nails, saliva, bone, blood (plasma, whole blood), urine, feces, and exfoliated teeth.
Temporary Intravascular Shunts: When Are We Really Using Them According to the NTDB?

Temporary intravascular shunts (TIVS) are synthetic intraluminal conduits that maintain arterial and/or venous blood flow. This technique can be used for: 1) replantation; 2) open extremity fractures with extensive soft tissue and arterial injuries; or 3) damage control (extremity/truncal). The literature defining TIVS is composed exclusively of small case series (primarily penetrating injuries). Our goal was to identify the injured population who actually undergoes TIVS using the National Trauma Data Bank (2001 to 2005). TIVS were placed in 395 patients (mean Injury Severity Score = 26; initial hemodynamic instability = 24%; mean based deficit = –7.2; mortality = 14%). Blunt mechanisms caused 64 per cent (251 of 395) of cases. Penetrating injuries were primarily gunshot wounds (97%). Concurrent severe extremity fractures and/or soft tissue defects were present in 185 (74%) blunt-injured patients. Only six of 111 centers performing TIVS used this technique five or more times. Only three centers used TIVS more than 10 times. The volume of TIVS use was similar across the study period (P > 0.05). TIVS is primarily used in blunt motor vehicle collision trauma with concurrent severe extremity fractures and soft tissue injuries. This provides distal perfusion while surgeons assess/fixate the limb. TIVS are placed relatively uncommonly by a large number of trauma centers with a few hospitals using them much more frequently for penetrating injuries.