Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A modified two-ring reference model for MIMO Mobile-to-Mobile communication channels

Analysis and design of multi-element antenna systems in mobile fading channels require a model for the space-time cross-correlation among the links of the underlying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mobile-to-mobile (M-to-M) communication channel. In this paper, we propose a MIMO channel reference model for M-to-M communication systems that we call it as the modified geometrical two-ring model. This model is based on the extension of single-bounce two-ring scattering model for flat fading channel under the assumption that the transmitter and the receiver are moving. Assuming an isotropic and single-bounce scattering model, a closed-form expression for the space-time cross-correlation function (CCF) between any two sub channels is derived. The proposed model provides an important framework in M-to-M system design, where includes many existing correlation models as special cases. Some numerical results are presented as special cases of the derived CCF.
Search, Bargaining and Optimal Asking Prices

This paper analyzes a search‐and‐bargaining model in which the asking price influences the rate at which potential customers arrive to inspect the seller's house, and the buyer's valuation of the asset is not learned until after the seller makes his initial offer (the asking price). The optimal asking and reservation prices are characterized, and the existence of a subgame‐perfect equilibrium asking‐price—reservation‐price strategy is established. Comparative‐statics analysis illustrates how seller and buyer discount rates and the buyer's outside opportunity affect the optimal reservation and asking prices.
Implementing Multi-Perspective Context Matching for the SQuAD Task in TensorFlow

The Multi-Perspective Context Matching model introduced by Wang, et al. [1] in 2016 is known to be capable of producing strong results in the SQuAD question answering task. As of this writing, it is tied for 3 place on the SQuAD leaderboard. Implementing the model efficiently is difficult in practice, and the original introduction paper leaves out some implementation details. The goal of this paper is to give practical details regarding my own implementation of this model and its performance, to accompany a code submission that is known to produce reasonably good scores. 1 The SQuAD task This is an introduction to SQuAD. Please see the original paper for more information on the dataset, task, and evaluation. 1 . 1 D a t a s e t The SQuAD question answering task was introduced by Rajpurkar, et al. [2] in 2016 to provide a challenging, large, high quality dataset for evaluating Reading Comprehension (RC). Those authors found existing datasets to be either too small or unreflective of genuine human reading comprehension, and intended for SQuAD to be both large and qualitatively representative of real human understanding. The dataset consists of 100,000+ questions with one or more ground truth answers per question. Each ground truth correct answer is a span of text taken verbatim from the corresponding reading passage the question is associated with. 1 . 2 Ta s k The task is to take pairs of context reading passages and questions, and return the span of text from the context that answers the question. 1 . 3 E v a l u a t i o n Success on the task is evaluated in two ways. F1: This is the average overlap between predictions and correct answers. The F1 is calculated for each prediction/correct answer pair for the answers under each question, the maximum is taken per question, then the average is computed over the per-question max values. 1 SQuAD homepage with leaderboard: https://rajpurkar.github. io/SQuAD-explorer/
TerraSAR-X pixel localization accuracy: Approaching the centimeter level

The German satellites TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X are high resolution imaging SARs with a resolution in the meter and even sub-meter range. The original product specification document stated an absolute geometric pixel localization accuracy in the same order of magnitude i.e. 1 meter. It was shown by several teams that this accuracy requirement is easily met and even surpassed [1] by the operational products. During the last years the remaining residual error sources could be further studied and attributed mainly to tropospheric delay variations [2] geodynamic effects such as solid earth tides [3] and plate tectonics to refraction in the ionosphere and to technical limitations in the satellite [4]. Our team investigated all these contributions developed correction and calibration methods and validated them in experiments with corner reflectors at different locations. Furthermore we explore novel applications of this high geolocation accuracy that range from classical earth surface displacement measurements to the localization of scatterers in 3D space with a precision comparable to GNSS. This paper provides a summary of latest measurement results of our globally distributed corner reflectors which show consistently a high accuracy better than 2 cm in range and azimuth. Furthermore we report on new developments concerning tropospheric correction using ECMWF and numerical weather models (WRF). Using the best available compensation techniques we can demonstrate accurate 3D localization of corner reflectors and of other objects. Current investigations aim to further improve the orbital accuracy to sub-centimeter level by improved modelling of air-drag and solar radiation pressure on the spacecraft.
Understanding the dynamics of networks of excellence

This paper conceptualises networks of excellence (NoEs), a new funding instrument in the EU's Sixth Framework Programme for research, to propose how to monitor and assess the achievement of their objectives. It analyses the dynamics of NoEs and potential changes taking place in an NoE during its lifetime (funding period of five to seven years). It discusses critically some of the assumptions underlying the creation of NoEs by devoting special attention to the concept of integration and its relationship to excellence. The paper further draws attention to different dimensions of integration and how these could be measured. The analysis was developed for a particular NoE called PRIME, and has some limitations because of this focus. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Managing space efficiently: strategic portfolio management

Reports on a study undertaken to explore how large organizations are restructuring their approach to portfolio management. Identifies developer perspective, company‐wide computer‐aided support systems and a unified property service structure as ways of increasing operational effectiveness and efficiency. Concludes that while systematic analytical procedures were rarely used, there is now a willingness to challenge conventional practices.
Overexpression of septin-7 inhibits melatonin-induced cell apoptosis in human fetal osteoblastic cells via suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress

Subsequently to the publication of this paper, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that Figs. 2 and 4, featured on p. 4820 and 4821 respectively, contained apparently matching control β‑actin western blots. The authors have consulted their original data, and realized that the control western blot images were inadvertently selected incorrectly for Fig. 2. The corrected version of Fig. 2, showing the relevant β‑actin bands for Fig. 2, is shown on the next page. Note that the errors in Fig. 2 did not significantly affect the results or the conclusions reported in this paper, and all the authors agree to this Corrigendum. The authors are grateful to the Editor of Molecular Medicine Reports for allowing them the opportunity to publish this corrigendum, and apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in Molecular Medicine Reports 17: 4817‑4822, 2018; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018. 8449].
Corporate Restructurings: A Comparison of Equity Carve‐outs and Spin‐offs

In this paper we examine divisive corporate restructurings in which a firm takes a subsidiary public. Using a sample of 64 spin-off and 76 carve-out firms during 1991-1997, we find firms carve-out subsidiaries with higher market demand. These subsidiaries are more frequently in related industries than spin-offs. The carve-out firms are also more likely to be cash constrained and have lower marginal tax rates, but are not likely to be considering financial reporting synergies when structuring the divestiture. These results provide evidence that factors impacting the divestiture choice related to Master Limited partnerships, as studied previously, differ when divesting a corporate subsidiary. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2001.
Redox regulation of surface protein thiols: Identification of integrin α-4 as a molecular target by using redox proteomics

Thiols affect a variety of cell functions, an effect known as redox regulation. We show here that treatment (1–2 h) of cells with 0.1–5 mM N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) increases surface protein thiol expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This effect is not associated with changes in cellular glutathione (GSH) and is also observed with a non-GSH precursor thiol N-acetyl-d-cysteine or with GSH itself, which is not cell-permeable, suggesting a direct reducing action. NAC did not augment protein SH in the cytosol, indicating that they are already maximally reduced under normal, nonstressed, conditions. By using labeling with a non permeable, biotinylated SH reagent followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and analysis by MS, we identified some of the proteins associated with the membrane that are reduced by NAC. These proteins include the following: integrin α-4, myosin heavy chain (nonmuscle type A), myosin light-chain alkali (nonmuscle isoform), and β-actin. NAC pretreatment augmented integrin α-4-dependent fibronectin adhesion and aggregation of Jurkat cells without changing its expression by fluorescence-activated cell sorter, suggesting that reduction of surface disulfides can affect proteins function. We postulate that some of the activities of NAC or other thiol antioxidants may not only be due to free radical scavenging or increase of intracellular GSH and subsequent effects on transcription factors, but could modify the redox state of functional membrane proteins with exofacial SH critical for their activity.
Robust Content Delivery and Uncertainty Tracking in Predictive Wireless Networks

Predictive resource allocations (PRAs) have recently gained attention in wireless network literature due to their significant energy-savings and quality of service (QoS) gains. This enhanced performance was primarily demonstrated while assuming the perfect prediction of both mobility traces and anticipated channel rates. While the results are very promising, several technical challenges need to be overcome before PRAs can be practically adopted. Techniques that model the prediction uncertainty and provide probabilistic quality of service (QoS) guarantees are among such challenges. This differs from the traditional robust optimization of wireless resources, as PRAs use a time horizon with predicted demands and anticipated data rates. In this paper, we tackle this problem and present an energy-efficient stochastic PRAs framework that is robust to prediction uncertainty under generic error probability density functions. The framework is applied for video delivery, where the desired video demands are modeled as probabilistic chance constraints over the prediction time horizon, and a deterministic closed form is then derived based on the Bernstein approximation (BA). In addition to handling prediction uncertainty, mechanisms that track the variance of the channel in real-time are practically needed. Towards this end, we demonstrate how a particle filter (PF) can be adopted to effectively achieve this functionality. A low complexity guided heuristic algorithm is also integrated with the BA-based allocations, and particle filter (PF), to provide a real-time solution. Extensive numerical simulations using a standard compliant long term evolution system are then presented to examine the developed solutions under various operating conditions. Results indicate the ability of our framework to significantly reduce base station energy consumption while satisfying users’ QoS under practical prediction uncertainty.
Multiple Transformations

This paper develops a conceptual framework for interpreting the process of urban change in post-communist cities. The departure from the legacies of the communist past has been effected through multiple transformation dynamics of institutional, social and urban change. While institutional reforms have been largely accomplished, the adjustment of urban land use patterns to new societal conditions is still ongoing. Hence, post-communist cities are still cities in transition. Using this interpretative framework and referring to a wide spectrum of academic work, the paper provides an overview of urban restructuring in post-communist countries over the past two decades with a specific focus on the examples of mutual integration of the three fields of transformation.
Life Cycle and Housing Adjustment as Explanations of Residential Mobility

The paper develops a typology of reasons for residential mobility and systematises the many survey analyses of reasons for moving. The relative importance of life cycle and housing adjustment mechanisms for explaining household relocations are evaluated. The analysis re-emphasises the role of housing adjustment in local moves and clarifies the theoretical links between stimulus (for move) and adjustment.
Phenolic Compounds of Pinus brutia Ten.: Chemical Investigation and Quantitative Analysis Using an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray Ionization Source

In this study, phenolic content of Pinus brutia 's bark was examined using an ultra-performance liq uid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) working in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Ultrasonic extra ction method with 50% ethanol solution was used for the extraction of bark. The bark of Pinus brutia consisted of 15 compounds: gallic acid, gentisic a cid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, catechin hydrate, van illic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, myricetin, resveratrol, luteolin, naringenin, kaemp ferol. Major compound detected was catechin hydrate (28.305 mg 100 g -1 extract). The phenolic compounds of Pinus brutia extract and pycnogenol were compared, and it is sh own that both of them consisted of considerable amount of phenolic compounds.
Free trade agreements without delocation

Small nations fear that FTAs with larger, richer nations will erode their industrial bases. These concerns are recognized in FTA and multilateral talks: small nations may explicitly or implicitly maintain higher trade barriers. Using a model where symmetric liberalization de-industrializes small, poor nations, we characterize the path of protection-asymmetries that allow liberalization without delocation. In welfare terms, the large nation prefers this no-delocation liberalization scheme only when barriers are sufficiently high; the small nation's ranking is reversed. An anti-delocation scheme involving international income transfers is also evaluated and found infeasible.
Diabatic Processes and the Evolution of Two Contrasting Summer Extratropical Cyclones

AbstractExtratropical cyclones are typically weaker and less frequent in summer as a result of differences in the background state flow and diabatic processes with respect to other seasons. Two extratropical cyclones were observed in summer 2012 with a research aircraft during the Diabatic Influences on Mesoscale Structures in Extratropical Storms (DIAMET) field campaign. The first cyclone deepened only down to 995 hPa; the second cyclone deepened down to 978 hPa and formed a potential vorticity (PV) tower, a frequent signature of intense cyclones. The objectives of this article are to quantify the effects of diabatic processes and their parameterizations on cyclone dynamics. The cyclones were analyzed through numerical simulations incorporating tracers for the effects of diabatic processes on potential temperature and PV. The simulations were compared with radar rainfall observations and dropsonde measurements. It was found that the observed maximum vapor flux in the stronger cyclone was twice as strong .
Ripple effects on family firms from an externally induced crisis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the experiences of family business owners in an externally induced crisis from a resource-based perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a qualitative case study approach involving 22 firms. Findings – In the aftermath of the BP oil spill, a series of ripple effects impacted family firms both negatively and positively. The paper outlines five ways that family firms may improve company performance in crisis situations. Research limitations/implications – Although our study is rich in qualitative detail, it is important to recognize that the BP oil spill represents a unique crisis context and caution should be exercised in generalizing the study's findings. Practical implications – While ripple effects may be powerful at the industry and industry sub-group level, the paper provides evidence that family firms may overcome these external effects using one or more of five strategic initiatives: strong networking relationships, idiosyncratic .
Communicating oil spill science

The Center for the Integrated Modeling and Analysis of the Gulf Ecosystem I and II (C-IMAGE I and II) are two of fourteen centers funded by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) investigating the shortand long-term impacts of submarine oil spills on the Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem. C-IMAGE researchers represent twenty institutions from six countries while having expertise in all oceanographic disciplines. Incorporating strong field, laboratory, and modeling components in C-IMAGE research allows opportunities for a variety of engaging education and outreach activities. Since 2011, CIMAGE has produced seven podcasts, hosted eight Teachers At Sea which included Skype ship to-shore sessions, presented new discoveries to the public at localized venues, and broadened its reach using partnerships at Public Radio International (PRI), the Public Radio Exchange (PRX), GoMRI, and SeaGrant. This paper describes C-IMAGE's outreach efforts in detail while providing a look ahead to activities planned over the next three years.
Models for predicting default: towards efficient forecasts

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to assess and compare the forecast ability of existing credit risk models, answering three questions: Can these methods adequately predict default events? Are there dominant methods? Is it safer to rely on a mix of methodologies? Design/methodology/approach - – The authors examine four existing models: O-score, Z-score, Campbell, and Merton distance to default model (MDDM). The authors compare their ability to forecast defaults using three techniques: intra-cohort analysis, power curves and discrete hazard rate models. Findings - – The authors conclude that better predictions demand a mix of models containing accounting and market information. The authors found evidence of the O-score's outperformance relative to the other models. The MDDM alone in the sample is not a sufficient default predictor. But discrete hazard rate models suggest that combining both should enhance default prediction models. Research limitations/implications - – The analysed methods alone cannot adequately predict defaults. The authors found no dominant methods. Instead, it would be advisable to rely on a mix of methodologies, which use complementary information. Practical implications - – Better forecasts demand a mix of models containing both accounting and market information. Originality/value - – The findings suggest that more precise default prediction models can be built by combining information from different sources in reduced-form models and combining default prediction models that can analyze said information.
An Intellectual Memorial to Robert Raymond Sterling, Accounting Reformer

D riven by keen intellectual inquisitiveness, purpose, and conviction, Robert Raymond Sterling (1931–2010) dedicated his professional life to developing scholarship in accounting education, practice, and research. He did so with what his Australian intellectual counterpart and kindred spirit, Raymond John Chambers (1997, xvii ), described as a ‘‘sustained, but temperate, passion. ’’ We are honored to write this intellectual memorial to Sterling. Although from the United Kingdom and Australia, respectively, we had the privilege, benefit, and pleasure of knowing him as a colleague, friend, and mentor for more than 25 years. We present this memorial, however, knowing that no finer intellectual tribute could be paid to Sterling than that written by Chambers in his invited essay, ‘‘Sterling as Scholar,’’ published in an edited anthology of Sterling’s published papers (Lee and Wolnizer 1997, vii–xxxi ). We warmly commend Chambers’ tribute to Sterling to all who wish further insight into this remarkable theoretician’s scholarship. Our purpose is not to document Sterling’s life, work, and academic career extensively, although, for the convenience of readers, we initially record his key appointments and achievements, as they provide an understanding of his scholarly legacy. A more extensive description of Sterling’s life is given in the tribute rendered at his memorial service in Houston, Texas, on July 2, 2010 (Wolnizer 2010, 229–231). Instead, in this memorial, we seek to set forth and assess historically Sterling’s intellectual contributions to accounting education and research. We believe they are profound and will be revisited by scholars of the future.
Robust Bayesian Sensitivity Analysis for Case–Control Studies with Uncertain Exposure Misclassification Probabilities

Abstract Exposure misclassification in case–control studies leads to bias in odds ratio estimates. There has been considerable interest recently to account for misclassification in estimation so as to adjust for bias as well as more accurately quantify uncertainty. These methods require users to elicit suitable values or prior distributions for the misclassification probabilities. In the event where exposure misclassification is highly uncertain, these methods are of limited use, because the resulting posterior uncertainty intervals tend to be too wide to be informative. Posterior inference also becomes very dependent on the subjectively elicited prior distribution. In this paper, we propose an alternative “robust Bayesian” approach, where instead of eliciting prior distributions for the misclassification probabilities, a feasible region is given. The extrema of posterior inference within the region are sought using an inequality constrained optimization algorithm. This method enables sensitivity analyses to be conducted in a useful way as we do not need to restrict all of our unknown parameters to fixed values, but can instead consider ranges of values at a time.