Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attachment Theory and Concern for Others'Welfare: Evidence That Activation of the Sense of Secure Base Promotes Endorsement of Self-Transcendence Values

Three studies examined the effects of chronic and contextual activation of the sense of having a secure base on the endorsement of self-transcendence values. The sense of secure base was primed by asking Israeli undergraduates to recollect personal memories or watch a pictorial representation of supportive others, and this condition was compared against the priming of attachment-unrelated positive affect and the priming of neutral issues. Then, participants reported on the importance of two self-transcendence values-benevolence and universalism (Studies 1-2)-or spontaneously generated their most important values (Study 3). In addition, the chronic sense of attachment security was assessed along the dimensions of avoidance and anxiety. Secure-base priming and lower scores of attachment avoidance were significantly associated with heightened endorsement of self-transcendence values. These effects could not be explained by induced or reported mood. The findings emphasize the relevance of attachment theory for understanding reactions to others' needs and value orientation.
A shared role for sonic hedgehog signalling in patterning chondrichthyan gill arch appendages and tetrapod limbs

Chondrichthyans (sharks, skates, rays and holocephalans) possess paired appendages that project laterally from their gill arches, known as branchial rays. This led Carl Gegenbaur to propose that paired fins (and hence tetrapod limbs) originally evolved via transformation of gill arches. Tetrapod limbs are patterned by a sonic hedgehog (Shh)-expressing signalling centre known as the zone of polarising activity, which establishes the anteroposterior axis of the limb bud and maintains proliferative expansion of limb endoskeletal progenitors. Here, we use loss-of-function, label-retention and fate-mapping approaches in the little skate to demonstrate that Shh secretion from a signalling centre in the developing gill arches establishes gill arch anteroposterior polarity and maintains the proliferative expansion of branchial ray endoskeletal progenitor cells. These findings highlight striking parallels in the axial patterning mechanisms employed by chondrichthyan branchial rays and paired fins/limbs, and provide mechanistic insight into the anatomical foundation of Gegenbaur's gill arch hypothesis. Summary: Shh signalling polarises skate gill arches and maintains proliferative expansion of gill arch appendage endoskeletal progenitors, mirroring the function of Shh signalling in the tetrapod limb.
Heat shock protein 70 and AMP‐activated protein kinase contribute to 17‐DMAG‐dependent protection against heat stroke

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) preconditioning induces thermotolerance, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a role in the process of autophagy. Here, we investigated whether 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxy‐geldanamycin (17‐DMAG) protected against heat stroke (HS) in rats by up‐regulation of Hsp70 and phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK). To produce HS, male Sprague–Dawley rats were placed in a chamber with an ambient temperature of 42°C. Physiological function (mean arterial pressure, heart rate and core temperature), hepatic and intestinal injury, inflammatory mediators and levels of Hsp70, pAMPK and light chain 3 (LC3B) in hepatic tissue were measured in HS rats or/and rats pre‐treated with 17‐DMAG. 17‐DMAG pre‐treatment significantly attenuated hypotension and organ dysfunction induced by HS in rats. The survival time during HS was also prolonged by 17‐DMAG treatment. Hsp70 expression was increased, whereas pAMPK levels in the liver were significantly decreased in HS rats. Following pre‐treatment with 17‐DMAG, Hsp70 protein levels increased further, and pAMPK levels were enhanced. Treatment with an AMPK activator significantly increased the LC3BII/LC3BI ratio as a marker of autophagy in HS rats. Treatment with quercetin significantly suppressed Hsp70 and pAMPK levels and reduced the protective effects of 17‐DMAG in HS rats. Both of Hsp70 and AMPK are involved in the 17‐DMAG‐mediated protection against HS. 17‐DMAG may be a promising candidate drug in the clinical setting.
Accommodating Students With Disabilities on State English Language Proficiency Assessments

All English language learners (ELLs) are to participate in an annual assessment of English language proficiency (ELP) under Title III of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This includes ELLs with disabilities, regardless of whether they are high-incidence disabilities (e.g., learning disability) or low-incidence disabilities (e.g., deaf or hard of hearing). This article summarizes findings from a national study of state ELP accommodation policies for ELLs with disabilities on these state assessments. It highlights the policy differences across states in the accommodations offered and also provides information on state-specific policies. Several recommendations based on the analysis are provided.
The biology of biofouling diatoms and their role in the development of microbial slimes

Diatoms are a major component of microbial slimes that develop on man-made surfaces placed in the marine environment. Toxic antifouling paints, as well as environmentally friendly, fouling-release coatings, tend to be effective against most fouling organisms, yet fail badly to diatom slimes. Biofouling diatoms have been found to tenaciously adhere to and colonise even the most resistant of artificial surfaces. This review covers the basic biology of fouling marine diatoms, their mechanisms of adhesion and the nature of their adhesives, as well as documenting the various approaches that have been utilised to understand the formation and maintenance of diatom biofouling layers.
Vascular atrial natriuretic factor receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate vascular receptors for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and Wistar rats (WR) at different ages. METHODS Relaxation and guanylate cyclase responses of blood vessels to atrial natriuretic factor were investigated, as was the binding of 125I-ANF to vascular membranes and ANF receptor subtypes, using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in reducing conditions, after solubilisation and irreversible binding of 125I-ANF. RESULTS Vascular relaxation responses of aorta showed an increased sensitivity to ANF in four week old SHR [pD2 = 8.9 (SEM 0.1) v 8.5(0.1) in WKY rats, p < 0.05] while sensitivity was similar for the three strains at older ages. Production of cyclic GMP in mesenteric arteries in response to 100 nmol.litre-1 ANF was greater (p < 0.05) in SHR than in WKY rats at four weeks of age, but was similar in older rats. The density of binding sites for ANF in mesenteric arteries, however, was lower in SHR at four weeks (p < 0.01), and increased in older rats, becoming similar to that of normotensive rats at 12 weeks of age. Affinity of ANF sites was similar in all strains. The proportion of high and low molecular weight ANF binding peptides in solubilised blood vessel membranes on SDS-PAGE was similar in all strains except in four week old SHR, in which binding to the high molecular weight band (presumably the guanylate cyclase containing receptor) was increased relative to the low molecular weight band (non-cyclase-coupled receptor) in comparison to other strains and ages. CONCLUSIONS Activity of guanylate cyclase in response to occupancy of ANF receptors may be increased in young SHR. Normal relaxation of blood vessels in response to ANF in older SHR could result in failure to counteract the increased vasoconstrictor activity present in these rats, which could play a role in the increase in blood pressure.
A camcorder for 3D underwater reconstruction of archeological objects

The underwater cartography has made great progress in the last decade. In this paper, we discuss of the 3D underwater cartography problem and propose a multimodal fusion approach. The work presented in this paper is about the analyze and 3D reconstruction of archeological objects. Using an uncalibrated single camera, we propose to describe a method with enables first, to calibrate this camera integrating variation of the water optical refractive index to the distortion model. And secondly, robust and stable features have been extracted. A comparison of two methods of detecting and matching points is presented. Finally, we estimate the movement between different images and compare two methods.
Analysis Of Various Techniques Used For Implementation Of Video Surveillance System

Video Surveillance software’s are developed in order to provide the user of the software security from threats to data and other property from burglars. Image and Pixel matching algorithm are required for implementing the Video Surveillance System. This is especially required for computer security applications, where our algorithms are effectively used. These algorithms are useful for tracking an object in motion and classifying it on the bases of motion level, which would help in subsequent motion detection analysis. So that when an activity occurs in absence of user, the application detects it and performs the required action. This algorithm helps to represent graphically the amount of changes occurred in
Do high blood folate concentrations exacerbate metabolic abnormalities in people with low vitamin B-12 status?

BACKGROUND In elderly individuals with low serum vitamin B-12, those who have high serum folate have been reported to have greater abnormalities in the following biomarkers for vitamin B-12 deficiency: low hemoglobin and elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalonic acid (MMA). This suggests that folate exacerbates vitamin B-12-related metabolic abnormalities. OBJECTIVE We determined whether high serum folate in individuals with low serum vitamin B-12 increases the deleterious effects of low vitamin B-12 on biomarkers of vitamin B-12 cellular function. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, 2507 university students provided data on medical history and exposure to folic acid and vitamin B-12 supplements. Blood was collected to measure serum and red blood cell folate (RCF), hemoglobin, plasma tHcy, and MMA, holotranscobalamin, and ferritin in serum. RESULTS In subjects with low vitamin B-12 concentrations (<148 pmol/L), those who had high folate concentrations (>30 nmol/L; group 1) did not show greater abnormalities in vitamin B-12 cellular function in any area than did those with lower folate concentrations (≤30 nmol/L; group 2). Group 1 had significantly higher holotranscobalamin and RCF, significantly lower tHcy, and nonsignificantly lower (P = 0.057) MMA concentrations than did group 2. The groups did not differ significantly in hemoglobin or ferritin. Compared with group 2, group 1 had significantly higher mean intakes of folic acid and vitamin B-12 from supplements and fortified food. CONCLUSIONS In this young adult population, high folate concentrations did not exacerbate the biochemical abnormalities related to vitamin B-12 deficiency. These results provide reassurance that folic acid in fortified foods and supplements does not interfere with vitamin B-12 metabolism at the cellular level in a healthy population.
Differential space-time modulation with eigen-beamforming for correlated MIMO fading channels

In this paper, joint differential space-time modulation (DSTM) and eigen-beamforming for correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels. While DSTM does not require knowledge of each channel realization, the channel's spatial correlation can be easily estimated without training at the receiver and exploited by the transmitter to enhance the error probability performance. A transmission scheme is developed here that combines beamforming with differential multiantenna modulation based on orthogonal space-time block coding. Error probability is analyzed for both spatially correlated and independent Rayleigh fading channels. Based on the error probability analysis, power loading coefficients are derived to improve performance. The analytical and simulation results presented here corroborate that the proposed scheme can achieve considerable performance gain in correlated channels relative to DSTM without beamforming.
ITI as enabler of knowledge management: empirical perspective from research organisations in sub-Saharan Africa

The information technology infrastructure (ITI) is said to play a significant role in knowledge management (KM) efforts. Yet, there is little research that focuses on how availability and use of IT infrastructure enable or constrain KM efforts. To explore this, we conducted an empirical study in six research organisations in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared the availability of IT infrastructure and its use in each of these organisations with their knowledge management efforts. Our results show that in four of the research institutes there is a clear relationship between KM efforts and ITI capabilities. However, in one organisation, a high level of IT infrastructure capability was not accompanied by high performance in KM efforts. Another organisation did well in KM at an instance of low IT infrastructure capability. In these two cases, closer inspection confirmed that IT infrastructure needs hot only to be available, but also understood, accepted, and in proper use before it can play its enabling role in KM efforts.
Modeling Autistic Features in Animals

A variety of features of autism can be simulated in rodents, including the core behavioral hallmarks of stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, and deficits in social interaction and communication. Other behaviors frequently found in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) such as neophobia, enhanced anxiety, abnormal pain sensitivity and eye blink conditioning, disturbed sleep patterns, seizures, and deficits in sensorimotor gating are also present in some of the animal models. Neuropathology and some characteristic neurochemical changes that are frequently seen in autism, and alterations in the immune status in the brain and periphery are also found in some of the models. Several known environmental risk factors for autism have been successfully established in rodents, including maternal infection and maternal valproate administration. Also under investigation are a number of mouse models based on genetic variants associated with autism or on syndromic disorders with autistic features. This review briefly summarizes recent developments in this field, highlighting models with face and/or construct validity, and noting the potential for investigation of pathogenesis, and early progress toward clinical testing of potential therapeutics. Wherever possible, reference is made to reviews rather than to primary articles.
The significance of personality in business start-up intentions, start-up realization and business success

Numerous studies with contradictory results have been published on the relationships of personality factors with business start-up intentions and business success. Using a comparison of four conceptually similar studies (Vienna Entrepreneurship Studies) as a basis, this paper analyses the varying roles of personality factors in business start-up intentions, in start-up success and in business success. It can be shown that the significance of personality traits among (potential) business founders decreases in the course of start-up/new business development–from initial start-up intentions, to the start-up process and realization, and on to business success (existence/growth). While up to 20% of the variance in the origins of entrepreneurial intentions can be explained by personality traits, this proportion practically drops to zero in explaining business success. The studies also enable one to assess the value of personality in relation to other configuration fields. Overall, the data from the four studies confirms that a meaningful assessment of the value of personality traits is only possible in conjunction with additional influencing factors in the founder's environment, resources and processes. The results suggest that especially for the development of business start-up intentions it is necessary to take measures to promote personality characteristics in schools and universities. It is not possible to predict the long-term success of a business by evaluating the personality factors of the business founder in early stages of the start-up process.
Modelling user behaviour in the HIS-POMDP dialogue manager

In the design of spoken dialogue systems that are robust to speech recognition and interpretation errors, modelling uncertainty is crucial. Recently, Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) have been shown to provide a well-founded probabilistic framework for developing such systems. This paper reports on the design and evaluation of the user act model (UAM) as part of the Hidden Information State (HIS) POMDP dialogue manager. Within this system, the UAM represents the probability of a user producing a certain dialogue act, given the last system act and the dialogue state. Its design is domain-independent and founded on the notions of adjacency pairs and dialogue act preconditions. Experimental evaluation results on both simulated and real data show that the UAM plays a significant role in improving robustness, but it requires that the N-best lists of user act hypotheses and their confidence scores are of good quality.
Do arterial stiffness and wave reflection underlie cardiovascular risk in ethnic minorities?

Increasing evidence indicates that remarkable differences in cardiovascular risk between ethnic groups cannot be fully explained by traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes or dislipidemia measured in midlife. Therefore, the underlying pathophysiology leading to this “excess risk” in ethnic minority groups is still poorly understood, and one way to address this issue is to shift the focus from “risk” to examine target organs, particularly blood vessels and their arterial properties more directly. In fact, structural and functional changes of the vascular system may be identifiable at very early stages of life when traditional factors are not yet developed. Arterial stiffening, measured as aortic pulse wave velocity, and wave reflection parameters, especially augmentation index, seem to be an important pathophysiological mechanism for the development of cardiovascular disease and predict mortality independent of other risk factors. However, data regarding these arterial indices in ethnic minorities are relatively rare and the heterogeneity between populations, techniques and statistical methods make it difficult to fully understand their role.
The impact of organizational culture on men's use of parental leave in Sweden

This article examines the impact of organizational culture on men's usage of parental leave in Sweden, a society that promotes men's sharing of childcare. Results from a mail survey of 317 fathers in six companies suggest that men's use of parental leave is significantly affected by organizational culture, including the company's commitment to caring values, the company's level of 'father friendliness', the company's support for women's equal employment opportunity, fathers' perceptions of support from top managers, and fathers' perceptions of work group norms that reward task performance vs. long hours at work. These effects were independent of the influence of individual- and family-level attributes previously acknowledged to affect men's participation in early childcare. While findings support the social constructionist perspective on gender arrangements, men's advocacy of shared parenting and perception of partners' advocacy of shared leave remained strong independent correlates of leavetaking. Fathers can become agents of change within organizations, as they become more supportive of equal parenthood and as they gain rights to longer periods of parental leave that do not need to be negotiated with mothers. Éste articulo evalúa el impacto de la cultura de organizaciones sobre el uso de la baja por paternidad en Suecia, una sociedad que promueve la involucracion de los hombres en el cuidado de niños. Los resultados de una encuesta por correo de 317 padres de familia en seis empresas sugieren que el uso de la baja por paternidad está afectado por la cultura de la organización, incluido la obligación de la empresa en cuanto a valores humanitarios, el nivel de apoyo a los padres (father friendliness), el apoyo por la igualdad de oportunidades por el empleo de mujeres, las percepciones por parte de los padres del nivel de apoyo desde la gerencia alta, y las percepciones por padres de normas de labores de equipo que recompensan el rendimiento de tareas vs. horas largas de trabajo. Estos efectos eran independientes de la influencia de atributos de individuos y familias que anteriormente han sido reconocido por influir la participación de los hombres en el cuidado de niños pequeños. Mientras los resultados apoyan la perspectiva del construccionismo social, el apoyo de los hombres a la participación conjunta en el cuidado de los niños, y sus percepciones de la medida del apoyo por parte de sus parejas acerca del compartir la baja por paternidad/maternidad quedaron en correlación fuerte con la medida de la baja por paternidad. Los padres pueden hacerse agentes de cambio dentro de las organizaciones, mientras apoyan cada vez más la paternidad/maternidad igual y mientras ganan derechos de periodos de permiso mas largos que no tienen que negociarse con las madres.
Reactive and Process Schizophrenia.

The authors are undertaking two tasks in this book. One is to elucidate schizophrenia on a continuum from process to reactive, with the process schizophrenics as the most pathologic and the reactive as the most nearly integrated. The other is to interpret this mental disorder within the context of existentialist theory. They conducted research in which the population sample consisted of 238 "Caucasian" patients in a Veteran's Administration hospital. On their etiological assumption that failure to progress developmentally reflects itself in schizophrenia, and that the schizophrenic continuum breaks down into five stages of severity, their "experiment proposes to distribute the schizophrenics along the five step continuum of social maturity. " For their method of study they used the Rorschach inkblots and a health-sickness scale, on which each patient's position was judged from his case history. Two clinically experienced persons did the judging in each case; psychiatric diagnoses were derived
Users' Behavior towards Ubiquitous M-Learning.

Mobile technologies have enabled a new way of communicating, for whom mobile communications are part of normal daily interaction. This paper explores the proposed and verified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that can be employed to explain the acceptance of Mobile Learning (M-learning), an activity in which user’s access learning material with their mobile device. 100 students from private and government higher learning institutions around Klang Valley area were selected as the sample for this study. There are five major variables in the study but only two of the variables were supported. Malaysian mobile phone users’ intention to positively accept the use of M-learning is due to encouraging factors such as perceived mobility value and perceived usefulness of the Mobile Learning. This study is beneficial for leaning institutions which desire to use M-learning.