Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Structure and Environmental Effects of a Secondary Forest in the Central Andean Mountains of Eastern Antioquia, Colombia: Emphasis on the Endangered Species Godoya antioquensis

Several Andean forests in the Guatape municipality and in the eastern Antioquia (Colombia) do not have studies related to population structures and environmental effects. The “San Benito” Forest has previously shown presence of several endangered species, including Godoya antioquensis, an endemic tree to the Antioquia region. The aim of the study is to describe population structures and environmental characteristics of this forest and the occurrence of this species. As methods, species type, Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and Height (H) (in arboreal, bush and herbaceous layers), Temperature (T) and Relative Humidity (RH) were sampled. The Importance Value Index (IVI), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multiple Comparison Tests, multivariate statistics, Relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H) and geostatistics were performed and analyzed. As a result, Tibouchina lepidota, Myrcia popayanensis and Scheffleraela chystocephala exhibited the highest IVI and significant relative abundance in several plots, being considered pioneer plants, followed by Cyathea sp. , Croton magdalenensis and Godoya antioquensis with lower IVI. The Tukey Honest Significant difference (HSD) test and diameter classes modeling showed significant variation between the fifteen plots. According to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), the variables indicated homogeneous distribution patterns and a correlation between abundance, temperature and humidity in almost all plots, with the plots 8, 14 and 15 showing high diversity and relative abundance of species. Particularly, the plot 15 showed the highest “H” diversity value, the highest relative humidity and temperature and significant presence of G. antioquensis plants when comparing to other plots. Concluding: secondary succession studies are essential to understand population dynamics and environmental effects, to propose ecological restoration and to aid endangered species.
A critical assessment of EIA follow-up conditions formulated for Environmental Authorisations in Mpumalanga Province

i Preface . iii Abbreviations . xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Problem statement and substantiation . 3 1.3 Research aims and objectives . 3 1.4 Structure of dissertation . 4 Chapter 2: Research Methodology . 6 2.1 Research design . 6 2.2 Research methods . 7 2.3 Methods for data collection and Analysis . 9 2.4 Research study area and project types . 14 2.4. 1 Project types . 14 2.4. 2 Study area . 16 2.5 Limitations of the study . 18 Chapter 3: Literature Review . 19 3.1 What is compliance monitoring . 21 3.1.1 Role of Compliance Monitoring . 25 3.2 Compliance monitoring in EIA and EIA Follow-up . 28 3.2.1 Overview of Environmental Impact Assessment . 29
Text Mining Enabled CEET@I Methodology for Business Model Analysis with the Case of Shared bicycle

The problem that “the successful business models fail to be duplicated easily” confuses the academia and industry. The CET@I methodology is the significant theoretical result about the problem. However, the CET@I methodology needs to be improved for it is unable to analyze the case of shared bicycle perfectly. Therefore, we investigate the documents about the shared bicycle through the text mining experiments which are basing on the Nature Language Processing technology. The results show that, the entrepreneurship is an important dimension of the tacit knowledge within business model. We incorporate the dimension of entrepreneurship into CET@I model to develop the CEET@I methodology; and then we demonstrate the validity of the proposed methodology. The current work provides a new perspective for the business model analysis in the context of sharing economy.
Active compensation for changes in TDH3 expression mediated by direct regulators of TDH3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetic networks are surprisingly robust to perturbations caused by new mutations. This robustness is conferred in part by compensation for loss of a gene’s activity by genes with overlapping functions, such as paralogs. Compensation occurs passively when the normal activity of one paralog can compensate for the loss of the other, or actively when a change in one paralog’s expression, localization, or activity is required to compensate for loss of the other. The mechanisms of active compensation remain poorly understood in most cases. Here we investigate active compensation for the loss or reduction in expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene TDH3 by its paralog TDH2. TDH2 is upregulated in a dose-dependent manner in response to reductions in TDH3 by a mechanism requiring the shared transcriptional regulators Gcr1p and Rap1p. TDH1, a second and more distantly related paralog of TDH3, has diverged in its regulation and is upregulated by another mechanism. Other glycolytic genes regulated by Rap1p and Gcr1p show changes in expression similar to TDH2, suggesting that the active compensation by TDH3 paralogs is part of a broader homeostatic response mediated by shared transcriptional regulators.
A Hybrid Self-supervised Learning Framework For Hyperspectral Image Classification

Hyperspectral image(HSI) classification is a crucial topic within remote sensing. Recently, deep self-supervised learning methods have gained widespread use in HSI classification, effectively addressing the scarcity of labeled samples issue. In particular, masked image modeling and contrastive learning have achieved commendable performance in the field of self-supervised learning. Therefore, to better investigate the association and synergy between the two self-supervised learning methods, we propose a novel hybrid self-supervised learning framework (HSL) for HSI classification that conforms to the properties of hyperspectral data. The HSL exploits the efficacy of masked image modeling and contrastive learning, and combines masked image reconstruction and instance contrastive learning to improve performance. The HSL specifically employs an asymmetric encoder-decoder two-branch structure. The structure adopts the Vision Transformer as the backbone network to efficiently extract spatial spectral information. Experiments on two commonly used HSI datasets demonstrate that this pre-training task results in better modeling of the feature relationships between shallow and deep layers and achieves superior performance.
Molecular Modeling and Simulation of the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope: From Individual Components to Cell Envelope Assemblies

Unlike typical Gram-positive bacteria, the cell envelope of mycobacteria is unique and composed of a mycobacterial outer membrane, also known as the mycomembrane, a peptidoglycan layer, and a mycobacterial inner membrane, which is analogous to that of Gram-negative bacteria. Despite its importance, however, our understanding of this complex cell envelope is rudimentary at best. Thus, molecular modeling and simulation of such an envelope can benefit the scientific community by proposing new hypotheses about the biophysical properties of its different layers. In this Perspective, we present recent advances in molecular modeling and simulation of the mycobacterial cell envelope from individual components to cell envelope assemblies. We also show how modeling other types of cell envelopes, such as that of Escherichia coli, may help modeling part of the mycobacterial envelopes. We hope that the studies presented here are just the beginning of the road and more and more new modeling and simulation studies help us to understand crucial questions related to mycobacteria such as antibiotic resistance or bacterial survival in the host.
The Economics Behind Non-Tariff Measures: Theoretical Insights And Empirical Evidence

The paper presents a review of recent work both theoretical and empirical related to the impact of non-tariff measures with a focus on technical regulations. A minimalist theoretical set-up to analyse non-tariff measures is first presented. Various empirical approaches and techniques used to assess the impact of technical regulations are discussed. Empirical results obtained across strategies are then surveyed.
Weathering Saharan dust beyond the Spanish Mediterranean Basin: An interdisciplinary dialogue

This interdisciplinary dialogue draws on climatology and cultural studies to explore the phenomenon of “Saharan dust” that passes through and beyond the Spanish Mediterranean Basin. The dialogic process seeks to unearth the power relations within which weather stories and the authors are always already entangled, with a view to re-imagining weather writing and climatic storytelling in decolonial terms. Our parallel inquiries trace how origin stories, material mobilities, atmospheres, and environmental regulation work to codify the aeolian dust as an intrusion across borders. Drawing on critical theory, we argue that this weather “from” the Sahara Desert is othered in Eurocentric weather narratives, mapping onto geopolitical logic of “Fortress Europe”. Our research is instructed by postcolonial thought, political ecology, and the speculative feminist position of weathering. Through critical engagement with science in context, we dwell lastly on African air quality and experiences of weathering atmospheric dust further upwind. Our concluding comments speculatively drift with Mediterranean winds to animate a positionality of middleness.
Digitalising mental health care: Practical recommendations from the European Psychiatric Association

Abstract The digitalisation of mental health care is expected to improve the accessibility and quality of specialised treatment services and introduce innovative methods to study, assess, and monitor mental health disorders. In this narrative review and practical recommendation of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), we aim to help healthcare providers and policymakers to navigate this rapidly evolving field. We provide an overview of the current scientific and implementation status across two major domains of digitalisation: i) digital mental health interventions and ii) digital phenotyping, discuss the potential of each domain to improve the accessibility and outcomes of mental health services, and highlight current challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and service users. Furthermore, we make several recommendations meant to foster the widespread adoption of evidence-based digital solutions for mental health care in the member states of the EPA. To realise the vision of a digitalised, patient-centred, and data-driven mental health ecosystem, a number of implementation challenges must be considered and addressed, spanning from human, technical, ethical–legal, and economic barriers. The list of priority areas and action points our expert panel has identified could serve as a playbook for this process.
Regularisation parameter adaptive selection and its application in the prestack AVO inversion

The numerical solution of the inverse problem is usually obtained by solving a set of linear algebraic equations, while the system of equations may suffer from ill-posedness due to insufficient data. Regularisation is a technique for making the estimation problems well posed by adding indirect constraints on the estimated model, but the regularisation parameter selection is difficult. In geophysics, without explicit calculation methods and quantitative evaluation criteria, it is usually based on the experience of the inversion engineers to try to achieve the best inversion results by continuously modifying the regularisation parameter. For prestack amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion for real seismic data, fixed regularisation parameters cannot satisfy the optimisation conditions in the seismic data with different signal-to-noise (SNR) in one area. Besides, fixed regularisation parameter may cause that the model constraint misfit is too large or too small compared to data misfit, which may guide the inversion to generate undesirable results. Therefore, adaptive selection of regularisation parameter according to the seismic data can help guarantee a good inversion result. Based on the traditional L-curve criterion, we derive the theoretical formula of the adaptive computation of the regularisation parameter, which can be applied to any norm constraint. We proposed the application of this selection scheme in prestack AVO inversion. Model tests show that the improved L-curve method has better stability than its main competitor, the generalised cross-validation (GCV) method. Prestack AVO inversion on logging data and real seismic data demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of the inversion, and it is more immune to strong noise. In this paper, based on L-curve criterion, we propose an improved method for the adaptive acquisition of regularisation parameters for arbitrary norm condition. A detailed derivation of the proposed method is described. Numerical experiments confirm that the proposed method is more accurate and robust than its main competitor, generalised cross-validation.
Anti-forensic Approach to Remove StegoContent from Images and Videos

Covert transmission of information hidden in different media to either a general or targeted audience constitutes steganography. However, this technique can be misused to transmit undesirable information. Traditionally the removal of such content necessitated the knowledge of the steganographic algorithm used. However, we address the scenario where such stego is removed using generic image processing operations along with an anti forensic method without assuming any knowledge of the steganographic algorithm used. The application of generic image processing operations also causes degradation of cover image, which can also be restored using this anti forensic method. Our procedure has been tested on a variety of steganographic algorithms including HUGO-BD, WOW, Synch and J-UNIWARD. By applying universal steganalysis we found that all images which have been subjected to our procedure have become stego free. However, a direct evaluation of the stego content assuming knowledge of the stego content and its location showed that 80 percentage of the stego is removed without signiﬁcantly impacting the visual image quality. Video stream containing isolated static images have been addressed in this paper. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, Vol. 8 3, 295–320
Deep intronic 9q21.11 polymorphism contributes to atopic dermatitis risk through methylation regulated expression of tight junction protein 2.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory itchy skin condition. Genomic- and epigenetic wide association studies provide insights into the genetic susceptibility and potential underlying disease pathogenesis. This study sought to functionally characterise an AD-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located deep intronic of the tight junction protein 2 (TJP2) gene (9q21.11 locus), identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). METHODS The association between the 9q21.11 locus (rs7872806) and AD was identified through a GWAS of 956 cases and 723 controls. TJP2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assessed against the rs7872806 genotypes. Allele-specific methylation was evaluated at CpG sites 10kb up- and down-stream of the 9q21.11 locus. Effects of DNA methylation on TJP2 expression was validated via in vitro methylation and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-induced transcriptional activation studies. Trans-epidermal water loss measurements were used to determine skin barrier function. RESULTS The major allele of rs7872806 was determined to increase AD risk by 2.64-fold (adjusted p-value=2.40 x 10-18, OR=0.38), associated with increased methylation levels at cg13920460 site (p<0.001) and lower TJP2 expression in PBMCs (Pearson's p=1.09 x 10-6, Pearson's R=-0.313, p<0.001). Methylation inhibition by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine increased TJP2 promoter activity by up to 85%. Elimination of the cg13920460 methylation site increased expression by approximately 25%. The rs7872806 major allele was also found to be associated with increased trans-epidermal water loss (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Epigenetic influence at CpG site cg13920460 is associated with rs7872806 located deep intronic at 9q21.11. The SNP confers susceptibility to AD through altering TJP2 expression and promoting trans-epidermal water loss.
A descriptive study of hepatitis C in people who inject drugs

Background & objectives: The seroprevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in general population is higher than that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India. People who inject drugs (PWIDs) constitute a high-risk group for all blood-borne infections. Multiple behavioural surveillance surveys have provided a rich typology of HIV-infected PWIDs, but this information is missing for HCV infection. We describe awareness, transmission risk factors and the treatment continuum for HCV infection among PWID. We also report spatial clustering of HCV infection in PWIDs residing in Bengaluru. Methods: Information from clinical records was collected and telephonic interviews of retrospectively identified PWIDs who received treatment at a tertiary-level addiction treatment facility between 2016 and 2021 were conducted. Results: We identified 391 PWIDs; 220 (56.26%) received an anti-HCV antibody test (4th Generation HCV-Tridot). Individuals reporting unsafe injection practices were more often tested than those who did not (χ2=44.9, df=1, P<0.01). Almost half of the tested and more than a quarter of the whole sample (109/220, 49.9%; 109/391, 27.9%) were seropositive for HCV infection. The projected seropositivity in this group was between 27.9 per cent (best case scenario, all untested assumed negative) and 71.6 per cent (worst case scenario, all untested assumed positive). Only a minority of participants interviewed were aware of HCV (27/183, 14.7%). HCV infection and its associated risk behaviour (PWID) were clustered in certain localities (Diggle and Chetwynd Test; P=0.001) in Bengaluru in the southern district of Karnataka. Interpretation & conclusions: Undetected HCV infection is common in PWIDs; awareness and treatment uptake is poor in this group. Spatial clustering of infections in a district shows transmission in close networks and provides opportunities for targeted interventions.
How Rivers Get Across Mountains: Transverse Drainages

Although mountains represent a barrier to the flow of liquid water across our planet and an Earth of impenetrable mountains would have produced a very different geography, many rivers do cross mountain ranges. These transverse drainages cross mountains through one of four general mechanisms: antecedence—the river maintains its course during mountain building (orogeny); superimposition—a river erodes across buried bedrock atop erodible sediment or sedimentary rock, providing a route across what later becomes an exhumed mountain range; piracy or capture—where a steeper gradient path captures a lower gradient drainage across a low relief interfluve; and overflow—a basin fills with sediment and water, ultimately breaching the lowest sill to create a new river. This article reviews research that aids in identifying the mechanism responsible for a transverse drainage, notes a major misconception about the power of headward eroding streams that has dogged scholarship, and examines the transverse drainage at the Grand Canyon in Arizona.
Geo-mass : Modeling massive terrain in real-time

Nous presentons une methode novatrice pour modeliser et rendre des objets de terrain massivement etendu en temps reel a l'aide d'une nouvelle methode appelee Adaptive Loop Subdivision (subdivision par boucles adaptees). Notre methode offre un stockage efficient sur serveur des modeles altimetriques numeriques, la transmission progressive et la visualisation adaptative efficiente de quantites massives de donnees spatiales dans l'espace tridimensionnel. La methode que nous presentons est particulierement utile pour la visualisation des SIG en raison du nouveau controle de lissage et de l'organisation hierarchique des donnees inherente a la methode proposee. La methode permet le raffinement dependant d'un visualisateur dynamique de la partie visible d'une portion de terrain en temps reel en adaptant de facon optimale le niveau de detail d'une portion dynamique selon une progression de transitions douces. Nous montrons que la methode proposee est robuste et efficiente quant au rendement et a la qualite, comparativement aux methodes existantes.
A new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from the highlands of northwest Kenya

A new species of chameleon, Trioceros nyirit sp. nov., is described from the northwest highlands of Kenya. It is morphologically similar to T. hoehnelii and T. narraioca, possessing a short rostral appendage, but differs from them by having a straight or weakly curved parietal crest and forward-pointing rostral projection. A phylogeny based on mitochondrial DNA shows that the proposed new taxon is a distinct clade within the bitaeniatus-group and a sister lineage to T. schubotzi. Its distribution appears to be restricted to the Cherangani Hills and adjacent Mtelo massif to the north. It is associated with afromontane forest edge, afroalpine ericaceous vegetation and also occurs in agricultural landscapes.
Precise Onboard Orbit Determination for LEO Satellites with Real-Time Orbit and Clock Corrections

Precise Point Positing (PPP) with real-time orbit and clock correction streams has become an established technique over the last decade for land, air and sea applications. The use of real-time corrections for precise positioning has not extended into orbit yet, although a number of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite missions have a demand for precise orbit determination (POD). Future satellites with altimeter and radio-occultation payloads may require real-time POD to enable onboard processing of science data for forecasting or nowcasting of meteorology data, open-loop instrument operations of radar payloads, or quick-look onboard science data generation. Also, precise real-time orbit information may be utilized for constellation maintenance of satellite formations. A POD accuracy of a few decimeters or better with precise GPS real-time corrections has repeatedly been demonstrated in the past. For these studies it was assumed that the corrections are continuously available. This is, however, not guaranteed to be the case in a realistic on-orbit scenario, in which the corrections are disseminated via a network of geostationary (GEO) satellites to the LEO satellite. The data link to the GEO constellation may not be available over the polar regions, thus outdated corrections must be used until up-to-date data is received again. These correction data gaps will have an adverse effect on the POD accuracy, especially since the satellite visibility is typically also reduced as well over the North and South pole. To assess the effect of outdated correction data on onboard POD, a Kalman-filter-based navigation algorithm has been used to process real-world GPS observations of a representative LEO satellite mission together with corrections based on real-time orbit and clock products from Fugro. Data gaps of different length have been simulated, during which the corrections must be extrapolated. The magnitude of orbit and clock extrapolation errors is assessed. Clock extrapolation errors are evaluated depending on the satellite block type and clock model. Real-time on-board POD results for the different scenarios are compared to a precise reference solution.