Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remodeling of Hepatic Metabolism and Hyperaminoacidemia in Mice Deficient in Proglucagon-Derived Peptides

Glucagon is believed to be one of the most important peptides for upregulating blood glucose levels. However, homozygous glucagon–green fluorescent protein (gfp) knock-in mice (Gcggfp/gfp: GCGKO) are normoglycemic despite the absence of proglucagon-derived peptides, including glucagon. To characterize metabolism in the GCGKO mice, we analyzed gene expression and metabolome in the liver. The expression of genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes for gluconeogenesis was only marginally altered. On the other hand, genes encoding enzymes involved in conversion of amino acids to metabolites available for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and/or gluconeogenesis showed lower expression in the GCGKO liver. The expression of genes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and nicotinamide was also altered. Concentrations of the metabolites in the GCGKO liver were altered in manners concordant with alteration in the gene expression patterns, and the plasma concentrations of amino acids were elevated in the GCGKO mice. The insulin concentration in serum and phosphorylation of Akt protein kinase in liver were reduced in GCGKO mice. These results indicated that proglucagon-derived peptides should play important roles in regulating various metabolic pathways, especially that of amino acids. Serum insulin concentration is lowered to compensate the impacts of absent proglucagon-derived peptide on glucose metabolism. On the other hand, impacts on other metabolic pathways are only partially compensated by reduced insulin action.
The issue of competence in transforming the Norwegian welfare sector: some implications for future e-government initiatives

In this paper we argue that e-government initiatives need to take the competence involved in producing high-quality services for citizens into account. We draw on insights from a Pilot project in a Norwegian municipal aiming at radically re-structuring the Norwegian welfare sector and show how the competence to provide high-quality services rely on the collective achievement of individuals’ knowing-in-practice when dealing with particular cases and situations. Furthermore, we show how competence in terms of ‘processes of knowing’ is intrinsically related to organization structure and existing information systems (IS). Transforming the Norwegian Welfare Sector then, involves transforming a socio-technical network of heterogeneous elements, where existing processes of knowing plays an important role. Based on this, we then discuss some implications for implementing e-government in local municipals, and in particular e-government initiatives that aim at introducing all-embracing integrated IT-solutions across organizational and geographical borders. The paper concludes by sketching some implications for future research on e-government.
EDAM: an ontology of bioinformatics operations, types of data and identifiers, topics and formats

Motivation: Advancing the search, publication and integration of bioinformatics tools and resources demands consistent machine-understandable descriptions. A comprehensive ontology allowing such descriptions is therefore required. Results: EDAM is an ontology of bioinformatics operations (tool or workflow functions), types of data and identifiers, application domains and data formats. EDAM supports semantic annotation of diverse entities such as Web services, databases, programmatic libraries, standalone tools, interactive applications, data schemas, datasets and publications within bioinformatics. EDAM applies to organizing and finding suitable tools and data and to automating their integration into complex applications or workflows. It includes over 2200 defined concepts and has successfully been used for annotations and implementations. Availability: The latest stable version of EDAM is available in OWL format from http://edamontology.org/EDAM.owl and in OBO format from http://edamontology.org/EDAM.obo. It can be viewed online at the NCBO BioPortal and the EBI Ontology Lookup Service. For documentation and license please refer to http://edamontology.org. This article describes version 1.2 available at http://edamontology.org/EDAM_1.2.owl. Contact: jison@ebi.ac. uk
INFLUENCE OF CONVENTIONAL POST TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT REHABILITATION PROTOCOL ON ANGLES OF FLAT FOOT

Method: Pre to post test single group experimental study design. 60 subjects undergoing unilateral total knee replacement recruited and were treated with 4 weeks of conventional post total knee replacement rehabilitation protocol following surgery. Before surgery and after 4 weeks of post surgery outcomes measurements such as there navicular drop test angles and relaxed calcaneal stance phase angles were measured.
The computational complexity of dominance and consistency in CP-nets

We investigate the computational complexity of testing dominance and consistency in CP-nets. Previously, the complexity of dominance has been determined for restricted classes in which the dependency graph of the CP-net is acyclic. However, there are preferences of interest that define cyclic dependency graphs; these are modeled with general CP-nets. In our main results, we show here that both dominance and consistency for general CP-nets are PSPACE-complete. We then consider the concept of strong dominance, dominance equivalence and dominance incomparability, and several notions of optimality, and identify the complexity of the corresponding decision problems. The reductions used in the proofs are from STRIPS planning, and thus reinforce the earlier established connections between both areas.
Stress resilience in male adolescents and subsequent stroke risk: cohort study

Objective Exposure to psychosocial stress has been identified as a possible stroke risk, but the role of stress resilience which may be relevant to chronic exposure is uncertain. We investigated the association of stress resilience in adolescence with subsequent stroke risk. Methods Register-based cohort study. Some 237 879 males born between 1952 and 1956 were followed from 1987 to 2010 using information from Swedish registers. Cox regression estimated the association of stress resilience with stroke, after adjustment for established stroke risk factors. Results Some 3411 diagnoses of first stroke were identified. Lowest stress resilience (21.8%) compared with the highest (23.7%) was associated with increased stroke risk, producing unadjusted HR (with 95% CIs) of 1.54 (1.40 to 1.70). The association attenuated slightly to 1.48 (1.34 to 1.63) after adjustment for markers of socioeconomic circumstances in childhood; and after further adjustment for markers of development and disease in adolescence (blood pressure, cognitive function and pre-existing cardiovascular disease) to 1.30 (1.18 to 1.45). The greatest reduction followed further adjustment for markers of physical fitness (BMI and physical working capacity) in adolescence to 1.16 (1.04 to 1.29). The results were consistent when stroke was subdivided into fatal, ischaemic and haemorrhagic, with higher magnitude associations for fatal rather than non-fatal, and for haemorrhagic rather than ischaemic stroke. Conclusions Stress susceptibility and, therefore, psychosocial stress may be implicated in the aetiology of stroke. This association may be explained, in part, by poorer physical fitness. Effective prevention might focus on behaviour/lifestyle and psychosocial stress.
The Motions of Clusters and Groups of Galaxies

The distributions of peculiar velocities of rich clusters and of groups of galaxies are investigated for different cosmological models and are compared with observations. Four cosmological models are studied: standard ($\Omega=1$) CDM, low-density CDM, HDM ($\Omega=1$), and PBI. We find that rich clusters of galaxies exhibit a Maxwellian distribution of peculiar velocities in all models, as expected from a Gaussian initial density fluctuation field. The cluster 3-D velocity distribution is generally similar in the models: it peaks at $v \sim 500$ km s$^{-1}$, and extends to high cluster velocities of $v \sim 1500$ km s$^{-1}$. Approximately 10\% of all model rich clusters move with high peculiar velocities of $v \ge 10^3$ km s$^{-1}$. The highest velocity clusters frequently originate in dense superclusters. The group velocity distribution is, in general, similar to the velocity distribution of the rich clusters. In all but the low-density CDM model, the mass exhibits a longer tail of high velocities than do the clusters. This high-velocity tail originates mostly from the high velocities that exist within rich clusters. The model velocity distributions of groups and clusters of galaxies are compared with observations. The data are generally consistent with the models, but exhibit a somewhat larger high-velocity tail, to $v_r \sim 3000$ km s$^{-1}$. While this high-velocity tail is similar to the HDM model predictions, the data are consistent with the other models studied, including the low-density CDM model, which best fits most other large-scale structure observations. The observed velocity
A laboratory study of low-mode internal tide scattering by supercritical topography

Thomas Peacock, Matthieu Mercier, Henri Didelle, Samuel Viboud, Thierry Dauxois 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 2. Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Universite de Lyon, CNRS, 46 Allee d’Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France 3. Coriolis Platform, Laboratoire des Ecoulements Geophysiques et Industriels, CNRS-UJF-INPG, 21 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
A study on fusion and rheological behaviors of PVC/SiO2 microcomposites and nanocomposites: The effects of SiO2 particle size

In this study, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and silica (SiO2) microcomposites and nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing in a Haake torque rheometer. The fusion and rheological behaviors of PVC/SiO2 composites were evaluated by means of torque data recorded during processing to investigate the influence of the SiO2 particle size on these behaviors. It was found that the fusion time and the fusion temperature decreased with the decreasing of SiO2 particle size, whereas the fusion torque increased with the decreasing of particle size. The PVC/Si-25-nm nanocomposite (PVC including the 25 nm of SiO2) showed the highest apparent viscosity among the PVC/SiO2 microcomposites and nanocomposites prepared in this study. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated that some aggregates, whose sizes about 60–90 nm, were formed when the 25 nm of SiO2 was used as filler. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Capturing molecular energy landscapes with probabilistic conformational roadmaps

Probabilistic roadmaps are an effective tool to compute the connectivity of the collision-free subset of high-dimensional robot configuration spaces. This paper extends them to capture the pertinent features of continuous functions over high-dimensional spaces. We focus here on computing energetically favorable motions of bio-molecules. A molecule is modeled as an articulated structure moving in an energy field. The set of all its 3D placements is the molecule's conformational space, over which the energy field is defined. A probabilistic conformational roadmap (PCR) tries to capture the connectivity of the low-energy subset of a conformational space, in the form of a network of weighted local pathways. The weight of a pathway measures the energetic difficulty for the molecule to move along it. The power of a PCR derives from its ability to compactly encode a large number of energetically favorable molecular pathways, each defined as a sequence of contiguous local pathways. This paper describes general techniques to compute and query PCRs, and presents implementations to study ligand-protein binding and protein folding.
Texture reconstruction as a method to reproduce atmosphere of landscape image

In order to reproduce atmosphere or global impression of landscape images we made model patterns, reconstructing texture of images. We made reconstructed texture model patterns from the analyzed data of color patches in landscape images. Each reconstructed patterns were evaluated by subjects to find out good methods to reproduce atmosphere of the landscape. The results suggest that global texture of whole image create an atmosphere or a global impression of the landscape images and the patterns made by the methods which consider both position and shape of color patches got relatively high score.
Copper based superhydrophobic microchannels: fabrication and its effect on friction reduction

Abstract Copper based superhydrophobic surfaces are fabricated using a laser electrodeposited composite method, which is able to form a dual rough microstructure. It is found that the static contact angles on these special microstructure surfaces are bigger than 150° and rolling angles are smaller than 5° when there is no low energy material coating on surfaces. It is also found that the pressure drops on microchannel surfaces composed with these microstructures show an increasing trend with the widening of channel. Under the condition of laminar flow, they are obviously smaller on superhydrophobic microchannels than on a smooth channel. Owing to the superhydrophobic structures, the friction factor reduces compared with a smooth surface. The biggest reduction value is 48·8%, and the smallest is 46·9%.
Exploring Grid Polygons Online

We investigate the exploration problem of a short-sighted mobile robot moving in an unknown cellular room. To explore a cell, the robot must enter it. Once inside, the robot knows which of the 4 adjacent cells exist and which are boundary edges. The robot starts from a specified cell adjacent to the room's outer wall; it visits each cell, and returns to the start. Our interest is in a short exploration tour; that is, in keeping the number of multiple cell visits small. For abitrary environments containing no obstacles we provide a strategy producing tours of length S <= C + 1/2 E - 3, and for environments containing obstacles we provide a strategy, that is bound by S <= C + 1/2 E + 3H + WCW - 2, where C denotes the number of cells-the area-, E denotes the number of boundary edges-the perimeter-, and H is the number of obstacles, and WCW is a measure for the sinuosity of the given environment.
Automatic Speech Indexing System of Bilingual Video Parliament Interventions

This paper presents the development and evaluation of an automatic audio indexing system designed for a special task: work in a bilingual environment in the Parliament of the Canton of Valais in Switzerland, with two official languages, German and French. As several speakers are bilingual, language changes may occur within speaker or even within utterance. Two audio indexing approaches are presented and compared: in the first, speech indexing is based on bilingual automatic speech recognition; in the second, language identification is used after speaker diarization in order to select the corresponding monolingual speech recognizer for decoding. The approaches are later combined. Speaker adaptive training is also addressed and evaluated. Accuracy of language identification and speech recognition for the monolingual and bilingual cases are presented and compared, in parallel with a brief description of the system and the user interface. Finally, the audio indexing system is also evaluated from an information retrieval point of view.
Routine Activity Theory and Phishing Victimisation: Who Gets Caught in the ‘Net’?

Abstract Phishing is the use of fraudulent emails to obtain personal financial information from victims by posing as legitimate financial institutions or commerce sites. This exploratory study involved interviewing 104 participants, 50 of whom reported having received a phishing email. The theoretical foundation for this research is Routine Activity Theory, whereby crime is considered to be the consequence of the presence of a motivated offender, the presence of a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. One of the findings arising from this research indicates that potential victims who undertake high levels of routine activities relating to computer use and internet banking use are more likely to be attacked by motivated offenders. However, it is proposed that high measures in these variables also act as protective factors against subsequent victimisation. Additionally, email filters, although they may be effective in blocking a large number of spam emails, are unable to differentiate legitimate emails from some phishing attacks.
Aerosol processing of graphene and its application to oil absorbent and glucose biosensor

Graphene (GR) is a flat monolayer of sp 2 -bonded single carbon atoms densely packed into a honeycomb crystal lattice. Due to its unique characteristics, GR is expected to contribute to enhanced nano-electronic, bio-electronic devices, etc. in the near future. However, the single-layered GR sheets have a tendency to form irreversible aggregates or even to restack easily due to strong attraction between sheets. Preventing of aggregation and restacking of GR is achieved by the dimensional transition from flat sheets to fractal-dimensional, nearly spherical crumpled balls using aerosol spray pyrolysis. This review first introduces the fabrication of crumpled GR and GR-composite by aerosol spray pyrolysis, and then discusses the material properties of GR: strain-hardening, compression and aggregation-resistant behavior. Finally, we introduce effective applications of hollow crumpled GR balls for oil absorbent and crumpled GR-composites for glucose biosensor, respectively.
The CFHTLS strong lensing legacy survey - I. Survey overview and T0002 release sample

AIMS: We present data from the CFHTLS Strong Lensing Legacy Survey (SL2S). Due to the unsurpassed combined depth, area and image quality of the Canada-France-Hawaii Legacy Survey it is becoming possible to uncover a large, statistically well-defined sample of strong gravitational lenses which spans the dark halo mass spectrum predicted by the concordance model from galaxy to cluster haloes. METHODS: We describe the development of several automated procedures to find strong lenses of various mass regimes in CFHTLS images. RESULTS: The preliminary sample of about 40 strong lensing candidates discovered in the CFHTLS T0002 release, covering an effective field of view of 28 deg$^2$ is presented. These strong lensing systems were discovered using an automated search and consist mainly of gravitational arc systems with splitting angles between 2 and 15 arcsec. This sample shows for the first time that it is possible to uncover a large population of strong lenses from galaxy groups with typical halo masses of about $10^{13}h^{-1}M_\odot$. We discuss the future evolution of the SL2S project and its main scientific aims for the next 3 years, in particular our observational strategy to extract the hundreds of gravitational rings also present in these fields.
Single camera pointing gesture recognition for interaction in edutainment applications

In this paper, a method for recognizing pointing gestures without markers is proposed. The video-based system uses one camera only, which observes the user in front of a large screen and identifies the 2D position pointed by him/her on this screen, his/her arm being in the fully extended position towards the screen. A GVF-snake is used in order to detect the pointing hand of the user, which is tracked in the following frames using the particle filters tracker. The center of gravity of the snake is used as a feature point and is transformed using linear transformation directly into the canvas coordinates. The method was tested on a large screen using applications designed for a wide range of different and even technically unversed users such as an image exploration for a virtual museum exhibit or intuitive interaction applications for gaming purposes. Experiments show very promising results for recognizing the pointing gestures by using a single camera.
Ensemble-Roller : Planning with Ensemble of Relational Decision Trees

In this paper we describe the ENSEMBLE-ROLLER planner submitted to the Learning Track of the International Planning Competition (IPC). The planner uses ensembles of relational classifiers to generate robust planning policies. As in other applications of machine learning, the idea of the ensembles of classifiers consists of providing accuracy for particular scenarios and diversity to cover a wide range of situations. In particular, ENSEMBLE-ROLLER is a bagging approach to learn ensembles of relational decision trees. The control knowledge from different sets of trees is aggregated as a single prediction which is used to sort candidates in a depth-first search.
Russell–Silver syndrome

In comparison to Prader–Willi or Angelman syndrome, Russell–Silver syndrome (RSS) is a relatively “young” imprinting disorder. This congenital disease is characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, relative macrocephaly, a typical triangular face, asymmetry, and further less constant characteristic features. Genetic and epigenetic disturbances can meanwhile be detected in approximately 50% of patients with typical RSS features. Up to 5% of patients carry a maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD(7)mat), at least 44% show hypomethylation in the chromosome 11p15 imprinting center 1 (IC). In 1–2% of RSS patients, (sub)microscopic chromosomal aberrations can be observed. The diagnostic workup should therefore include methylation/genomic testing for chromosome 11p15, UPD(7)mat analysis and molecular karyotyping. The recurrence risk is generally low in RSS but it can be strongly increased in cases of familial epimutations or a chromosomal rearrangement. Interestingly, in ∼7% of cases with chromosome 11p15 hypomethylation, hypomethylation of additional imprinted loci can be detected. Clinically, patients with hypomethylation at multiple loci do not differ from those with isolated 11p15 hypomethylation whereas the UPD(7)mat patients generally show a milder phenotype. Nevertheless, (epi)genotype–phenotype correlations are still evolving. Furthermore, the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in the RSS phenotype still remain unknown despite the recent progress in deciphering the molecular defects associated with this condition. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.