Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Spiritual Formation in the Christian Academy: The Dialects of Church, Culture, and the Larger Integrative Task

The university in general, and the Christian university in particular, are contexts of radical change. Traditional university students are growing physically, emotionally, spiritually, and intellectually at a rate that may never happen again over the course of their lives. This article will seek to help the reader better understand “emerging adults,” describe the unique setting of the Christian academy, and highlight specific areas where Christian higher education leadership should have a clear understanding and focused priorities. An underlying assumption is that the Christian university is a context of imitation and immersion: a powerful and rich moral community (Hill, 2009; Stark, 1996). The article will begin by establishing how language and culture are related, and sociolinguistics can serve as a convenient framework for exploring spiritual formation within the context of higher education. This is followed by a general exploration of the emerging adult demographic. The majority of the essay will focus on the two “dialects” of effective student formation on the Christian university campus: the language of the church and the language of the culture. First, the language of the church will focus on identity formation and growing in wisdom toward the larger goal of spiritual formation. Second, the culture section will look to define culture and worldview, understand culture as text, recognize the orienting, replicating and “EPIC” nature of culture, and finally explore the imago Dei and natural theology as common ground for a Christian engagement within the broader culture. Last, the article will conclude with an exploration of the particular challenges the Christian academy faces in the integrative task. The larger topic of integration will be introduced followed by a discussion of epistemology in light of the postmodern influence. The article will conclude with a reminder that all Christian academic endeavor must be done for the glory of God.
Language Mindority Education in the United States: Implications of the Ramirez Report

Controversy continues over the most reasonable conclusions to draw from the accumulated research evidence on the effectiveness of various program models for students who are not proficient in English. This paper examines a report prepared for the U.S. Department of Education on three program models for language minority children: structured English immersion strategy and early-exit and late-exit bilingual education. The most conservative, uncontroversial conclusion drawn from the report is that there are no differences in results among the programs studied (Ramirez, Yuen, & Ramey, 1991). The author of this paper draws additional conclusions. An obvious implication is that the amount of time spent using a second language can no longer be considered the most important influence on learning it. A number of other factors can be critically important in minority language children's second language learning and school success. Teacher qualifications and parent involvement are two such factors that receive strong research support and are rightly emphasized by Ramirez et al. Teachers in late-exit programs, for example, had more graduate education and more specialized training for working with language minority children than teachers in immersion or early-exit programs. They were also more proficient in Spanish and as proficient in English as teachers in the other programs. In addition, late-exit parents reported more participation in their children's education. Although there is other evidence of the long-term benefits of late-exit bilingual programs (see, e.g., Rosier & Holm, 1990), the author reasons that bilingual programs are not feasible for all language minority children. In instances where bilingual education is not feasible, carefully implemented immersion strategy programs are clearly better than the lack of any support that too many language minority children confront today.
Comparative interactomics for virus–human protein–protein interactions: DNA viruses versus RNA viruses

Viruses are obligatory intracellular pathogens and completely depend on their hosts for survival and reproduction. The strategies adopted by viruses to exploit host cell processes and to evade host immune systems during infections may differ largely with the type of the viral genetic material. An improved understanding of these viral infection mechanisms is only possible through a better understanding of the pathogen–host interactions (PHIs) that enable viruses to enter into the host cells and manipulate the cellular mechanisms to their own advantage. Experimentally‐verified protein–protein interaction (PPI) data of pathogen–host systems only became available at large scale within the last decade. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the current PHI networks belonging to DNA and RNA viruses and their human host, to get insights into the infection strategies used by these viral groups. We investigated the functional properties of human proteins in the PHI networks, to observe and compare the attack strategies of DNA and RNA viruses. We observed that DNA viruses are able to attack both human cellular and metabolic processes simultaneously during infections. On the other hand, RNA viruses preferentially interact with human proteins functioning in specific cellular processes as well as in intracellular transport and localization within the cell. Observing virus‐targeted human proteins, we propose heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins and transporter proteins as potential antiviral therapeutic targets. The observed common and specific infection mechanisms in terms of viral strategies to attack human proteins may provide crucial information for further design of broad and specific next‐generation antiviral therapeutics.
Biofilm forming capacity in staphylococci and comparison between its Species

Introduction: Staphylococci are increasingly being recognized for their biofilm forming capacity leading to chronic infections and treatment failures. Owing to their burden on healthcare services, the choice of the method of biofilm detection in a routine diagnostic laboratory needs to be established. Methods: Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained before study initiation. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus(n = 100) and of Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS, n = 100) were tested for their biofilm forming capacity. The methods employed were congo red agar method (CRA), tube method (TM) and tissue culture plate method (TCPM) with TCPM as the gold standard reference. Observations and Results: Twelve out of 100 S aureus & sixteen out of 100 CoNS were found to be biofilm producers. Amongst the CoNS species, highest production of biofilm was observed in strains of S. epidermidis(10/24). Isolates (viz CoNS) obtained from medical devices showed higher rates of biofilm formation. Higher percentage of biofilm producers were methicillin resistant(20/28). Out of the 28 isolates detected as biofilm producers by TCPM, 24 were detected by Tube method & only 18 by CRA method. Thus, CRA method had low sensitivity (64.28%) as compared to tube method (85.17%). Conclusion: Medical devices should be used only when indicated and removed on the first indication to do so. Due to its higher accuracy and ease of testing, tube method can be easily incorporated in a routine diagnostic laboratory for detecting biofilm forming capacity in Staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens.
Genotypic Identification of Erythromycin-Resistant Campylobacter Isolates as Helicobacter Species and Analysis of Resistance Mechanism

ABSTRACT The correct identification of Campylobacter species remains cumbersome, especially when conventional biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are used for a phenotypical identification. Correct identification is important for epidemiological purposes and for studying changes in antimicrobial resistance patterns. Six erythromycin-resistant campylobacter strains were investigated by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, 23S rDNA sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a putative heme-copper oxidase domain described as being specific for thermophilic Campylobacter species. Three erythromycin-resistant isolates from feces of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients with diarrhea and one blood isolate of from HIV-seropositive patient with cellulitis were identified by 16S rDNA analysis as Helicobacter cinaedi, whereas 23S rDNA sequencing suggested Wolinella succinogenes. The 16S rDNA sequence data of fecal isolates of two patients with travelers diarrhea revealed Helicobacter pullorum and were also in contrast with 23S rDNA sequencing. Of 4 H. cinaedi isolates, 1 contained the putative heme-copper oxidase gene thought to be specific for thermophilic species. The six erythromycin-resistant Helicobacter species had a similar point mutation A2143G in 23S rDNA resembling the macrolides resistance in Helicobacter pylori. We conclude that 16S rDNA sequencing should be preferred to 23S rDNA analysis and that macrolide-resistant campylobacter strains should be investigated by this approach for a correct identification.
Defect-aware methodology for low-power scan-based VLSI testing

Modern IC design and VLSI manufacturing techniques continued to race over the next decade following the rule of twenty. The transistor count on a single chip is escalating exponentially with complex embedded & DSP cores, as a trend by virtue of Moore's formula of number of transistors doubling every 18 months on a chip[1-3]. Consequently, Problem of VLSI testing is growing by few manifolds, especially for next-generation designs lower than 22nm and as a result, Power-Aware test is increasingly becoming a major manufacturing test consideration due to the problems of test implications that arise from the usage of low-power designs. Heuristics are surveyed to address various power-aware test problems and challenges and proposed a unified low-power and defect-aware x-fillling novelty to reduce the test power in the scan-based test. The proposed method reduces test power significantly during both test and functional operation. Also the proposed pattern based ATPG technique furnishing experimental results and interpolated graphs brings a good assessment of switching activity reduction for both academia and industry. It gives good industrial performance bounds to fill the gaps between DFT and ATPG flows and helps the switching acclivities and pattern count while maintaining the same coverage, indeed reducing test-power to 65-80%.
Features of Mammalian microRNA Promoters Emerge from Polymerase II Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Data

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA regulators of protein coding genes. miRNAs play a very important role in diverse biological processes and various diseases. Many algorithms are able to predict miRNA genes and their targets, but their transcription regulation is still under investigation. It is generally believed that intragenic miRNAs (located in introns or exons of protein coding genes) are co-transcribed with their host genes and most intergenic miRNAs transcribed from their own RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter. However, the length of the primary transcripts and promoter organization is currently unknown. Methodology We performed Pol II chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-chip using a custom array surrounding regions of known miRNA genes. To identify the true core transcription start sites of the miRNA genes we developed a new tool (CPPP). We showed that miRNA genes can be transcribed from promoters located several kilobases away and that their promoters share the same general features as those of protein coding genes. Finally, we found evidence that as many as 26% of the intragenic miRNAs may be transcribed from their own unique promoters. Conclusion miRNA promoters have similar features to those of protein coding genes, but miRNA transcript organization is more complex.
Investigating Population History Using Temporal Genetic Differentiation

The rapid advance of sequencing technology, coupled with improvements in molecular methods for obtaining genetic data from ancient sources, holds the promise of producing a wealth of genomic data from time-separated individuals. However, the population-genetic properties of time-structured samples have not been extensively explored. Here, we consider the implications of temporal sampling for analyses of genetic differentiation and use a temporal coalescent framework to show that complex historical events such as size reductions, population replacements, and transient genetic barriers between populations leave a footprint of genetic differentiation that can be traced through history using temporal samples. Our results emphasize explicit consideration of the temporal structure when making inferences and indicate that genomic data from ancient individuals will greatly increase our ability to reconstruct population history.
The clinical significance of molecular response in indolent follicular lymphomas.

Most patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) achieve a complete response (CR) after treatment, but eventually most of them, particularly those with stage IV, relapse due to minimal residual disease (MRD). The t(14;18) gives rise to a rearrangement of the bcl-2 oncogene that constitutes an excellent target for detection of MRD by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred ninety-four previously untreated patients with indolent FL and detectable bcl-2 rearrangement were studied. The PCR assay was used to detect bcl-2-rearranged cells in blood and marrow before and after treatment. Molecular response rate was 37%, 53%, 56%, and 66% at 3 to 5, 6 to 8, 9 to 14, and 15 to 18 months from the start of therapy, respectively. Although molecular response was higher among clinical CRs, one third of partial responders at 3 to 5 months also achieved a molecular response. Patients who achieved a molecular response during the first year of treatment had a significantly longer failure-free survival (FFS) than those who did not (4-year FFS: 76% v 38%, respectively; P < .001). Similar results were also observed in the subset of patients in clinical CR 1 year after treatment. By multivariate analysis, beta2-microglobulin (beta2-M; P < .01), and molecular response (P < .001) were the most important variables associated with outcome. When we combined beta2-M and molecular response, three prognostic groups emerged: (1) low beta2-M and molecular responders, (2) low beta2-M and nonresponders or high beta2-M and responders, and (3) high beta2-M and nonresponders. The 4-year FFS of these 3 groups were 86%, 65%, and 23%, respectively. Finally, patients who achieved molecular response and sustained it had better FFS than those who either reverted back to PCR-positive or who never achieved molecular response. Serial PCR analysis to determine the molecular response in FL correlates well with outcome especially when combined with pretreatment beta2-M.
The neuropsychological functioning of men residing in a homeless shelter

THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING OF MEN RESIDING IN A HOMELESS SHELTER Sara Murray Hegerty, M.A. Marquette University, 2010 The number of homeless individuals in the U.S. has continued to increase, with men comprising the majority of this population. These men are at substantial risk for neuropsychological impairment due to several factors, such as substance misuse, severe mental illness, untreated medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, liver disease, HIV/AIDS), poor nutrition, and the increased likelihood of suffering a traumatic brain injury. Impairments in attention, memory, executive functioning, and other neuropsychological domains can result in poor daily functioning and difficulty engaging in psychological, medical, or educational services. Thus, knowledge of the neuropsychological functioning of homeless men is critical for those who work with this population. Yet data in this area are limited. This study aimed to describe the functioning of men residing in an urban homeless shelter across the domains of attention/concentration, memory, executive functions, language, sensory-motor abilities, general intelligence, and reading ability. Particular areas of impairment included attention, visual memory, cognitive flexibility, balance/coordination, and fine motor control. Correlational analyses found that educational background and ethnicity were linked to test performance, and the results of cluster analysis found two distinct subgroups based on neuropsychological functioning: an “average” group and a “low average/impaired” group. Caveats in interpreting test scores, particularly in the domain of language, are discussed, along with possible explanations for differences between African American and non-African American participants. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that clinicians and other service providers working with men residing in homeless shelters consider the possibility of neuropsychological impairment when developing treatment plans. Specific recommendations for each subgroup are discussed. Future research in this area might also explore the utility of offering skill-enhancing interventions within homeless shelters, such as workshops to improve organizational and planning skills. Further, the development of adequate norms for neuropsychological tests that are to be used with homeless individuals is recommended, given the possibility of low educational attainments and below average reading skills in this population.
Type I IL-1 receptor blockade exacerbates murine listeriosis.

It was found that IL-1 is produced in livers and spleens of mice shortly after the i.v. injection of a sublethal or lethal Listeria monocytogenes inoculum. In sublethally infected mice, IL-1 was present in infected livers and spleens by the end of the first day of infection. Thereafter, the amounts of IL-1 in these organs increased and decreased in concordance with bacterial numbers. IL-1 was not present in the peripheral circulation of mice during sublethal listeriosis, but was present in the blood late in lethal infection. Evidence showing that IL-1 plays a role in antibacterial resistance early in listeriosis was obtained through the use of 35F5 mAb that binds to the murine type I IL-1R and functions to block IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta actions. Blockade of the type I IL-1R by the 35F5 mAb results in greatly enhanced bacterial growth in the livers and spleens of mice that had received a sublethal Listeria inoculum. Consistent with the exacerbation of listeriosis caused by 35F5 mAb, but in contrast to the effect of 35F5 mAb in other murine models, 35F5 mAb-treated mice exhibit markedly elevated levels of IL-6 in their circulation and infected organs.
State estimation in networked control systems with delayed and lossy acknowledgments

In this paper, we consider state estimation in Networked Control Systems where both control inputs and measurements are transmitted via networks which are lossy and introduce random transmission delays. In contrast to the common notion of TCP-like communication, where successful transmissions are acknowledged instantaneously and without losses, we focus on the case where the acknowledgment packets provided by the actuator upon reception of applicable control inputs are also subject to delays and losses. Consequently, the estimator has only partial and belated knowledge on the actually applied control inputs, which results in additional uncertainty. We derive an estimator for the considered setup by generalizing an existing approach for UDP-like communication which integrates estimates of the applied control inputs into the overall state estimation. The presented estimator is assessed in terms of Monte Carlo simulations.
Towards Contextual Healthiness Classification of Food Items - A Linguistic Approach

We explore the feasibility of contextual healthiness classification of food items. We present a detailed analysis of the linguistic phenomena that need to be taken into consideration for this task based on a specially annotated corpus extracted from web forum entries. For automatic classification, we compare a supervised classifier and rule-based classification. Beyond linguistically motivated features that include sentiment information we also consider the prior healthiness of food items.
Longitudinal Study of Primary HIV-1 Isolates in Drug-Naïve Individuals Reveals the Emergence of Variants Sensitive to Anti-HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibodies

To study how virus evolution affects neutralization sensitivity and to determine changes that occur in and around epitopes, we tested the ability of 13 anti-HIV-1 gp120 (anti-V2, anti-V3, anti-CD4bd and anti-carbohydrate) human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to neutralize sequential viruses obtained from five HIV-1 chronically infected drug naïve individuals. Overall, primary viruses collected from patients at first visit were resistant to neutralization by all anti-HIV-1 mAbs with the exception of one virus sensitive to IgG1b12. Four of the five patients' viruses evolved increased sensitivity to neutralization by anti-V3 mAbs. Virus collected from a patient obtained 31 months later, evolved increased sensitivity to anti-V2, anti-V3, and anti-CD4bd mAbs. Furthermore, the anti-V2 and anti-CD4bd mAbs also exhibited increased neutralization capacities against virus collected from a patient 29 months later. Of the seven anti-V3 mAbs, five showed increased potency to neutralize the evolved virus from a patient collected after 11 months, and three exhibited increased potency against viruses from two patients collected 29 and 36 months later. Anti-V3 mAbs exhibited the most breadth and potency in neutralizing the evolving viruses. Sequence analysis of the envelope regions revealed amino acid conservation within the V3 loop, while most of the changes identified occurred outside the core epitopes and in particular within the C3 region; these may account for increased neutralization sensitivity. These studies demonstrate that in vivo, HIV-1 can evolve increased neutralization sensitivity to mAbs and that the spectrum of neutralization capacities by mAbs can be broader when studied in longitudinal analysis.
An Underspecified Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (USDRT)

There are two conceivable readings for (1). Either (a) it refers to the party or (b) Peter only disliked the food. Discourse grammars like Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) offer an explanation for this phenomenon. SDRT an extension ofDRT (Kamp and Reyle, 1993) describes a complex propositional structure of Discourse Representation Structures (DRSs) connected via discourse relations. The hierarchical ordering imposed by relations like narration or elaboration can be used to make predictions about possible attachment sites within the already processed discourse as well as suitable antecedents of anaphora. The next section discusses the question of whether the SDRT formalisation used for discourse structure should also capture the ambiguities, as expressed in (1), for instance, via an underspecified representation. Section 3 introduces a tree logic proposed by Kallmeyer called TDG. Following Schilder (1997), this formalism is employed for the representation of the discourse structure. Section 4 presents the conjoined version of SDRT and TDG. This is a novel combination of the discourse grammar and a tree logic indicating the hierarchical discourse structure. Finally, a USDRT formalisation of the discourse example discussed is given.
Control of Oriented Mechanical systems: A Method Based on Dual Quaternion

Abstract This paper focuses on a new type of control laws for oriented mechanical systems. The starting point is dual quaternion and its properties. Logarithm of dual quaternion is defined, based on which control laws are developed, tackling both regulation and tracking problems using logarithmic feedback. The control laws are shown to have several merits, including global asymptotically convergence, computational efficiency, and proper handling of the coupling between rotation and translation. Simulation results validate our design.