Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered Functional Connectivity of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease: Focus on Candidates for Deep Brain Stimulation

Background: The hypothesis that the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) would be related to connectivity dysfunctions between the site of stimulation and other brain regions is growing. Objective: To investigate how the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the most frequently used DBS target for PD, is functionally linked to other brain regions in PD patients according to DBS eligibility. Methods: Clinical data and resting-state functional MRI were acquired from 60 PD patients and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects within an ongoing longitudinal project. PD patients were divided into 19 patients eligible for DBS and 41 non-candidates. Bilateral STN were selected as regions of interest and a seed-based functional MRI connectivity analysis was performed. Results: A decreased functional connectivity between STN and sensorimotor cortex in both PD patient groups compared to controls was found. Whereas an increased functional connectivity between STN and thalamus was found in PD patient groups relative to controls. Candidates for DBS showed a decreased functional connectivity between bilateral STN and bilateral sensorimotor areas relative to non-candidates. In patients eligible for DBS, a weaker STN functional connectivity with left supramarginal and angular gyri was related with a more severe rigidity and bradykinesia whereas a higher connectivity between STN and cerebellum/pons was related to poorer tremor score. Conclusion: Our results suggest that functional connectivity of STN varies among PD patients eligible or not for DBS. Future studies would confirm whether DBS modulates and restores functional connectivity between STN and sensorimotor areas in treated patients.
Characteristics of Maximum Concentrations from Multiple Point Sources.

A simple quasi-Newton numerical scheme is applied to determine the hypothetical worst-case meteorology that will result in the maximum combined concentrations at any receptor location in air quality modeling over short distances for multiple point sources. Also, a search procedure is suggested to investigate the combination of location and atmospheric conditions of wind direction, wind speed, and stability that produces the highest possible ground-level concentration, the so-called critical concentration. The proposed methodology may help in applications in design of stacks, air quality management, and air pollution episode control planning.
Nonlinear Measure of ECG Time Series: Detection of Cardiac Diseases

Recent developments in the theory of nonlinear dynamics have paved the way for analyzing signals generated from nonlinear biological systems. The main purpose of the present work is based on the analysis of the ECG signal, initially extracting the features of ECG, which are used for the detection and/or classification of ECGs. For this work, Correlation Dimension (D2), Largest Lyapunov Exponent (LLE), Ap-proximate Entropy (ApEn), Sample Entropy (SampEn) and Poincare plot methods were used from nonlinear time series analysis to characterize human ECG signals obtained from 24 hour-Holter recording. Four groups of ECG signals have been investigated. D2 and LLE are increasingly used to classify ECG signals. ECG time series were classified according to the results obtained from computation of above chaotic features. Our results, obtained from clinical data, improved the previous studies, which allow one to distinguish between healthy group and patients groups with more confidence than the standard methods for heart rate time series and gain more significant understanding of heart dynamics using Entropy features and Poincare plot along with D2 and LLE.
Genetic Targeting of dSAMTOR, A Negative dTORC1 Regulator, during Drosophila Aging: A Tissue-Specific Pathology

mTORC1 regulates mammalian cell metabolism and growth in response to diverse environmental stimuli. Nutrient signals control the localization of mTORC1 onto lysosome surface scaffolds that are critically implicated in its amino acid-dependent activation. Arginine, leucine and S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) can serve as major mTORC1-signaling activators, with SAM binding to SAMTOR (SAM + TOR), a fundamental SAM sensor, preventing the protein’s (SAMTOR’s) inhibitory action(s) against mTORC1, thereby triggering its (mTORC1) kinase activity. Given the lack of knowledge regarding the role of SAMTOR in invertebrates, we have identified the Drosophila SAMTOR homologue (dSAMTOR) in silico and have, herein, genetically targeted it through the utilization of the GAL4/UAS transgenic tool. Survival profiles and negative geotaxis patterns were examined in both control and dSAMTOR-downregulated adult flies during aging. One of the two gene-targeted schemes resulted in lethal phenotypes, whereas the other one caused rather moderate pathologies in most tissues. The screening of head-specific kinase activities, via PamGene technology application, unveiled the significant upregulation of several kinases, including the dTORC1 characteristic substrate dp70S6K, in dSAMTOR-downregulated flies, thus strongly supporting the inhibitory dSAMTOR action(s) upon the dTORC1/dp70S6K signaling axis in Drosophila brain settings. Importantly, genetic targeting of the Drosophila BHMT bioinformatics counterpart (dBHMT), an enzyme that catabolizes betaine to produce methionine (the SAM precursor), led to severe compromises in terms of fly longevity, with glia-, motor neuron- and muscle-specific dBHMT downregulations exhibiting the strongest effects. Abnormalities in wing vein architectures were also detected in dBHMT-targeted flies, thereby justifying their notably reduced negative geotaxis capacities herein observed mainly in the brain–(mid)gut axis. In vivo adult fly exposure to clinically relevant doses of methionine revealed the mechanistic synergism of decreased dSAMTOR and increased methionine levels in pathogenic longevity, thus rendering (d)SAMTOR an important component in methionine-associated disorders, including homocystinuria(s).
Inertial preintegration for VI‐SLAM by the screw motion theory

Most smoothing‐based visual‐inertial simultaneous localization and mapping algorithms (VI‐SLAM) rely on the Lie algebra processing of the inertial measurements. This approach is limited in its decoupled update of the attitude by using SO3 and velocity increments by SE3. In addition to limitations on only point transformation between frames. We present a novel approach to handling inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements between two camera frames by the screw motion theory. Where rigid body dynamics are concisely represented by the compact unit dual quaternion. With this approach, the limitations of point transformation are mitigated by the superior Plücker line transformation and the states update is achieved by a single coupled operation. To harness this consistent framework for a smoothing‐based VI‐SLAM, the screw motion twist parameter is based on the raw IMU measurements. Then, a consistent residual cost function with the corresponding Jacobian and covariance updates is derived for graph‐optimization algorithm respecting the screw motion paradigm. A transition method is proposed to overcome the issues of over‐parametrization by the unit dual quaternion. solving all singularity threats while saving the advantages of adopting the twist operator. Finally, the loftier performance of the proposed algorithms is attested by simulation and real‐world experiments.
The Effectiveness of Computer-Based Monitoring and Evaluating Vessel Inventory List for Human Resource Performance

The urgency of this research is how a company is able to obtain better of HR performance, develop knowledge, improve service quality and can create competitiveness for the company. This study objective is to describe whether quality knowledge can encourage technical superintendent motivation so that it can improve technical superintendent work performance during monitoring and evaluation of inventory on board using computer-based applications and knowing quality knowledge can improve technicalsuperintendent work performance so as to realize the performance of monitoring and evaluation of inventory list on board effectively. The method used in this study is the explanatory method. Data collection was carried out online from the distributed instruments. The target population in this study were employees in the fleet division at 7 (seven) shipping companies which were used as research objects with a total number of employees of 160 employees. The data obtained is then tabulated, then data reduction is carried out and after obtaining proper data, calculations are carried out using the SPSS application by carrying out validity tests, variable reliability tests, normality tests and homogeneity tests. According to the results, it is known that there is a strength relationship between the knowledge quality and human resources performance.
Fixed-Sample-Size Analysis of Sequential Observations

The methods most commonly employed for the statistical analysis of observations are based on the assumption that the number of observations was decided on in advance. The number of observations is indeed chosen in advance in many types of experiment or observational inquiry. In an agricultural field experiment, the number of plots and their treatments must be completely specified long before any observations can be taken; and (apart from possible failures which will be recorded as "missing observations") the number of observations eventually obtained is precisely the number chosen at the outset. Many chemical determinations are made in triplicate or quadruplicate or some other fixed number of times, according to a definite rule; and so the number of readings obtained in each determination is fixed in advance. A sample survey of households in a town may be based on inquiries at every hundredth house in a list; here again the number of observations is fixed in advance, provided we include the instances of non-response. There are other sorts of inquiry where the number of observations is not fixed in advance, and where the experimenter, if asked just before he began, would not be able to say how many observations he would take. He may, for example, be following some recognized type of sequential sampling rule, such as olne of A. Wald's sequential tests, or the inverse sampling of J. B. S. Haldane and M. C. K. Tweedie. In that case, when reporting his observations he will presumably state what the sampling rule was, and he will use a method of statistical analysis specially designed for that sampling rule. Most commonly, however, when the number of observations is not fixed in advance, this is because at the outset the experimenter has not fully made up his mind as to his requirements or resources or the nature of the material being studied; and so he does not decide to make a certain fixed number of observations nior to follow a definite sequential sampling rule, but proposes simply to take observations until such time as it shall seem appropriate to stop. S;ometimes indeed
Volcanic and Tectonic Sources of Seismicity Near the Tanaga Volcanic Cluster, Alaska

Tanaga Island in the Central Aleutian Islands includes four stratovolcanoes: Sajaka, Tanaga, and East Tanaga in the northwest, and Takawangha in the central part of the island. Of these volcanoes, only Tanaga has a confirmed record of historical eruptive activity. We use double‐difference methods to relocate Tanaga Island earthquakes from the period 2003–2017 to gain insight into volcanic and tectonic activity in the region. High precision relative relocations show subsurface structures in the Tanaga region related to volcanism and crustal tectonics. In 2005, a swarm of ∼600 volcano‐tectonic events located below the NW portion of the island culminated with an episode of volcanic tremor. Although there was no known eruption associated with this swarm, we suggest that this activity is associated with fluids beneath Takawangha volcano. Overall, relatively little seismicity appears to be associated with volcanism: of 5,680 earthquakes relocated in this study, only ∼700 took place within 10 km of the volcanoes themselves. Other regions appear to experience primarily, if not exclusively, tectonic seismicity. Two regions on Tanaga Island became seismically active following a M6.6 tectonic earthquake east of the island on 2 May 2008, suggesting the triggering of tectonic earthquakes by the M6.6. Seismic activity recorded offshore and below the southern part of the island is interpreted as due to the clockwise rotation of the Delarof Block in the forearc, and bookshelf faulting along the volcanic arc. This suggests a complex pattern of earthquake hypocenters governed by both volcanic and tectonic processes surrounding Tanaga and Takawangha volcanoes.
FREE INTERACTOR MATRIX METHOD FOR CONTROL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF MULTI-VARIATE SYSTEMS

In this paper, an alternative method for the assessment of multi-vitiate control loop performance with consider twocircumstances. First, known time delays between each pair of inputs and outputs, and second, without relying on any a priori knowledge about the process model or timedelays. The performance of the control loop is calculated from data driven autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and prediction error model. It is clear that the limited data in scalar measure used for performance assessment results tends to steady-state as time tends to infinity, but large number of samples gives risen in scalar measures and tends to infinity as time samples tends to infinity and therefore it becomes difficult to calculate the performance index. In this paper, the later problem is solved by considering initial part of scalar measures with steady value for next-to-next time samples to calculate the control-loop performance index which would be utilized to decide healthy working of the control loop. Simulation example is included to show the performance index of multi-variate control loop.
Time periodic solutions of the non-isentropic compressible fluid models of Korteweg type

In this paper, the non-isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes-Korteweg system with a time periodic external force is considered in $\mathbb{R}^n$. The optimal time decay rates are obtained by spectral analysis. Using the optimal decay estimates, we show that the existence, uniqueness and time-asymptotic stability of time periodic solutions when the space dimension $n\geq 5$. Our proof is based on a combination of the energy method and the contraction mapping theorem.
Teachers’ Beliefs about Teaching and Learning: Why is It Still a Challenge?

Teachers’ beliefs influence their classroom activities and students’ involvement in learning more than knowledge or curriculum, beliefs can slow down the implementation of educational reforms, the introduction of new practices, or support it. Exploring beliefs is difficult, teachers may not be open in expressing existing beliefs, or they may be unsure of their own beliefs, replacing them with slogans that are socially acceptable narratives. The purpose of this study is to identify teachers’ beliefs that characterize student teaching, additionally evaluating how these beliefs affect teacher agency. The answers to these questions were obtained by implementing a case analysis – studying the narrative identity of all mathematics teachers of one school, while the research process is like ethnographic research, data is obtained by interviewing respondents and observing them in practical work. The belief identified as a result of the research is that the teacher’s main task is to prepare students for sufficiently high results in the mathematics exam, describing how the identity of a “good teacher” is formed, which brings with it agency – an active contribution to make it happen. The second identified belief – some students cannot study in the classroom together with the others, this demonstrates the absence of teacher agency, teachers’ responsibility for children whose learning is a challenge, these children are handed over to other agents – parents and private tutors.
A Wavelet-Based Reduced Rank Kalman Filter for Assimilation of Stratospheric Chemical Tracer Observations

A suboptimal Kalman filter system that evolves error covariances in terms of a truncated set of wavelet coefficients has been developed for the assimilation of chemical tracer observations of CH4. The truncation is carried out in such a way that the resolution of the error covariance is reduced only in the zonal direction, where gradients are smaller. Assimilation experiments, which lasted 24 days and used different degrees of truncation, were carried out. These experiments reduced the number of elements in the covariance matrix by 90%, 97%, and 99% and the computational cost of covariance propagation by 80%, 93%, and 96%, respectively. The difference in both error covariance and the tracer field between the truncated and full systems over this period was not found to be growing after about 5 days of assimilation. The largest errors in the tracer fields were found to occur in regions of largest zonal gradients at times when observations were made in the immediate vicinity.
Statistical Estimation Theory in Localization

電波を送受信することによって目的とする対象物の位置を推定する場合，その電波についてのより詳しい伝搬特性やその対象物についてのより多くの情報を用いることができれば，それだけより高い精度が得られる．本稿では，位置推定で用いられている初歩的な統計的推定理論について解説し，それらが非線形連続関数の最大化あるいは最小化問題として解くことができることを明らかにする．また，推定誤差に関するクラメル・ラオの下界式を示し，その結果から導き出される幾つかの性質について示す．
EFFECT OF FERMENTATION PARAMETERS AND VEGETABLE OILS ON PRODUCTION OF GAMMA LINOLENIC ACID BY MORTIERELLA RAMANNIANA.

Aim: To optimize the production of gamma linolenic acid by Mortierella rammaniana Methodology and Result: Effect of carbon source, nitrogen source, initial pH and oil supplementation was studied. The production of gamma linolenic acid reached 920 m gl when the production media were composed of 10% glucose, 1% peptone and 0.1% yeast extract pH 6.5 and incubated at 30C for 144 hrs. Carbon and nitrogen sources showed major effect on the increase in gamma linolenic acid production. Repression in ∆ 6-desaturase activity was observed in the presence of supplemented oil. Conclusion, Significance and Impact of Study:This study highlights conditions for increasing gamma linolenic acid production by Mortierella rammaniana and an insight into rapidly gaining high production of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Uncertainty in projections of future lake thermal dynamics is differentially driven by lake and global climate models

Freshwater ecosystems provide vital services, yet are facing increasing risks from global change. In particular, lake thermal dynamics have been altered around the world as a result of climate change, necessitating a predictive understanding of how climate will continue to alter lakes in the future as well as the associated uncertainty in these predictions. Numerous sources of uncertainty affect projections of future lake conditions but few are quantified, limiting the use of lake modeling projections as management tools. To quantify and evaluate the effects of two potentially important sources of uncertainty, lake model selection uncertainty and climate model selection uncertainty, we developed ensemble projections of lake thermal dynamics for a dimictic lake in New Hampshire, USA (Lake Sunapee). Our ensemble projections used four different climate models as inputs to five vertical one-dimensional (1-D) hydrodynamic lake models under three different climate change scenarios to simulate thermal metrics from 2006 to 2099. We found that almost all the lake thermal metrics modeled (surface water temperature, bottom water temperature, Schmidt stability, stratification duration, and ice cover, but not thermocline depth) are projected to change over the next century. Importantly, we found that the dominant source of uncertainty varied among the thermal metrics, as thermal metrics associated with the surface waters (surface water temperature, total ice duration) were driven primarily by climate model selection uncertainty, while metrics associated with deeper depths (bottom water temperature, stratification duration) were dominated by lake model selection uncertainty. Consequently, our results indicate that researchers generating projections of lake bottom water metrics should prioritize including multiple lake models for best capturing projection uncertainty, while those focusing on lake surface metrics should prioritize including multiple climate models. Overall, our ensemble modeling study reveals important information on how climate change will affect lake thermal properties, and also provides some of the first analyses on how climate model selection uncertainty and lake model selection uncertainty interact to affect projections of future lake dynamics.
Nonlinear electro-magneto-mechanical constitutive modelling of monolayer graphene

Using the classical theory of invariants for the specific class of graphene's symmetry, we constitutively characterize electro-magneto-mechanical interactions of graphene at continuum level. Graphene's energy depends on five arguments: the Finger strain tensor, the curvature tensor, the shift vector, the effective electric field intensity and the effective magnetic induction. The Finger strain tensor describes in- surface phenomena, the curvature tensor is responsible for the out-of-surface motions, while the shift vector is used due to the fact that graphene is a multilattice. The electric and the magnetic fields are described by the effective electric field intensity and the effective magnetic induction, respectively. An energy with the above arguments that also respects graphene's symmetries is found to have 42 invariants. Using these invariants, we evaluate all relevant measures by finding derivatives of the energy with respect to the five arguments of the energy. We also lay down the field equations that should be satisfied. These are the Maxwell equations, the momentum equation, the moment of momentum equation and the equation ruling the shift vector. Our framework is general enough to capture fully coupled processes in the finite deformation regime.
Design Path for a Social Robot for Emotional Communication for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have deficits in social interaction and expressing and understanding emotions. Based on this, robots for children with ASD have been proposed. However, few studies have been conducted about how to design a social robot for children with ASD. Non-experimental studies have been carried out to evaluate social robots; however, the general methodology that should be used to design a social robot is not clear. This study proposes a design path for a social robot for emotional communication for children with ASD following a user-centered design approach. This design path was applied to a case study and evaluated by a group of experts in psychology, human–robot interaction, and human–computer interaction from Chile and Colombia, as well as parents of children with ASD. Our results show that following the proposed design path for a social robot to communicate emotions for children with ASD is favorable.