Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of intercropping and drought on soil aggregation and associated organic carbon and nitrogen

Drought has significant effects on soil physicochemical properties and thereby crop productivity. Intercropping is a traditional agricultural practice with a good ecological effect and can improve soil structure. However, the effects of intercropping on soil aggregate distribution and associated organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) compared with monoculture under drought remains unclear. Therefore, a two‐year controlled rainfall field (i.e., 30–40 days of 100% rainfall reduction during crop growth) was carried out to examine the effects of intercropping and short‐term drought on soil aggregate stability and associated OC and N in Northeast China. Results showed that soil OC and N were predominant in macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm), accounting for 39%–51% of SOC, 36%–51% of N at 0–10 cm depth, and 44%–67% of SOC, 43%–66% of N at 10–20 cm depth. After 2 years of a rainfall reduction treatment, large macroaggregates (>2 mm) increased by 84.7% at 0–10 cm and the aggregate stability improved. There was no difference in the mass of aggregates between monoculture and intercropping, but short‐term drought increased >0.25 mm aggregates and stability in intercropping soil at 0–10 cm depth. Moreover, drought significantly increased bulk soil OC in 10–20 cm but decreased the OC and N concentrations in large macroaggregates and silt + clay fractions (<0.053 mm) in 0–10 cm. Compared with the monoculture, intercropping enhanced OC and N concentrations in aggregates, and decreased soil C/N ratio. Therefore, these findings provide insights into how intercropping and short‐term drought interactively influence soil aggregation, and C and N processes.
Effect of Rabeprazole on Pachydermia Laryngis in Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Introduction Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is defined as the retrograde flow of gastric content into larynx and pharynx. It is a multifactorial syndrome. Empiric trial of PPI therapy represents the first step to confirm LPR and to treat it accordingly as all currently available diagnostic tests have poor sensitivity and specificity. However, there is no accepted protocol for the most effective treatment of patients with LPR. Objective of the study was to assess the effect of Rabeprazole on pachydermia laryngis (posterior commissure hypertrophy) in patients with LPR. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 75 subjects diagnosed with LPR using Reflux symptom index (RSI) and Reflux finding score (RFS) tools were recruited. Using RFS, posterior commissure hypertrophy was scored at presentation and after 8 weeks of rabeprazole therapy. The mean pre- and post-treatment posterior commissure hypertrophy scores for each patient were compared using paired T-test. Results Posterior commissure hypertrophy did not show statistically significant improvement following 8 weeks of 20 mg once daily oral rabeprazole therapy. Conclusion Eight weeks of oral therapy with Rabeprazole 20 mg once daily did not show statistically significant improvement in posterior commissure hypertrophy.
A Smart Real-time IoT-based System for Monitoring Health of Athletes

: Athletes encounter di ff erent types of hits, which sometimes could be strong or light hits. Heavy or strong hits on some parts of an athlete’s body such as the chest or lungs may be harmful and cause severe damage to the human body. In some cases, the heavy hits may cause heart failure or a serious lung rupture. In the athlete’s healthcare domain, there are potential trails e ff orts based on Internet-of-Thing (IoT) technology; however, building a comprehensive and e ffi cient system is still a demanding concern. In this paper, we present a new comprehensive real-time platform for monitoring athletes during Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). The proposed real-time monitoring platform is called the IoT-Sports Health system, which particularly fuses based on IoT devices with in-sport healthcare services. Therefore, our proposed system is integrated, designed, and implemented to monitor and measure the athlete’s body temperature, strike force, and the number of strikes that the athlete has been received from the opponent. Several real field trials and many experiments proved the feasibility of our proposed IoT-Sport health system, which directly and automatically plays a significant role in chest guarding against heavy and strong strikes. Furthermore, our proposed real-time monitoring system can be easily deployed to monitor aging people that su ff ering from chronic diseases in-home. In conclusion, experimental tests are performed to evaluate the proposed IoT-Sports Health system by applying a real case on three di ff erent matches. The obtained results proved that our proposed IoT-Sports Health system outperforms similar systems with respect to the accuracy, and
Impacts of Unsteady Flow Environments on the Propulsive Performance of Oscillating Foils

A numerical study is conducted to understand the impact of an unsteady freestream on the aerodynamic performance of an oscillating airfoil. The unsteady flow environment is generated by placing a stationary inline circular cylinder array upstream of the oscillating airfoil. The dependence of thrust with variation of Reynolds numbers and Strouhal numbers is investigated, and it is revealed that the unsteady flow environment enhances thrust production of a pitching airfoil. This increased thrust production was related to an effective increase in the Reynolds number experienced by the airfoil. With airfoil–vortex interaction analysis, the increase in average thrust coefficient was shown to be caused by constructive interaction of freestream vortex structures and the oscillating airfoil. Drag-inducing interactions were also observed but were less common than thrust-increasing events, resulting in a higher average thrust. A simple scaling law is expanded to include the effects of unsteadiness, where thrust is found to be linearly dependent on turbulence intensity. It is demonstrated that the thrust generated by the pitching airfoil when operating in highly unsteady flow environments is more accurately represented as a function of Reynolds number, Strouhal number, and turbulence intensity.
Origin of remarkable positive temperature coefficient effect in the modified carbon black and carbon fiber cofillled polymer composites

In order to achieve a desired conductivity and further improvement in positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect, carbon fibers (CFs) are incorporated into the modified nanoscale carbon black (MNCB) filled polymer composites. The CF with high aspect ratio can easily span across insulating regions and further connect the existing conductive pathways. In this work, the total volume fraction of MNCB and CF is set as 8vol%. When the concentration of CF reaches a certain value, we observe remarkably improved PTC intensity (PTCI). The PTCI is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that in the MNCB filled polymer (same at 8 vol % loading). When compared to the polymer composites only loaded with MNCB, the negative temperature coefficient effect in the (CF-MNCB)/polymer composites was also weakened to some extent. These results can be explained by considering the change in microstructure of the (CF-MNCB)/polymer composites.
Sexual Dimorphism in Third Molar Agenesis in Humans with and without Agenesis of Other Teeth

Simple Summary The assessment of differences between sexes (sexual dimorphism) in tooth formation allows for a better understanding of the developmental processes that contribute to phenotypical variations. Here, we tested for sexual dimorphism in the absence of third molar formation (agenesis) in modern humans with and without agenesis of teeth other than the third molars. No sexual dimorphism was detected in the patterns or the severity of third molar agenesis in any group. When teeth other than the third molars were absent, both sexes showed third molar agenesis and bilateral occurrence more often. There was no sexual dimorphism in the patterns or the severity of third molar agenesis, despite the higher vulnerability compared to other teeth. Moreover, there was no sexual dimorphism in single tooth agenesis with regard to any tooth. This indicates that the third molars are more often and more globally affected by genetic or epigenetic factors involved in tooth agenesis, with no differences between sexes. This is consistent with the evolutionary trend in humans towards a reduced molar number. In preadolescent patients with multiple tooth agenesis, the higher possibility of additional third molar agenesis should be considered during dental treatment planning. Abstract Sexual dimorphism in the human dentition is of interest from a developmental, evolutionary, and clinical point of view. Here, we investigated sexual dimorphism in third molar agenesis patterns and severity in non-syndromic white European individuals with (group A: 303 individuals) and without agenesis (group B: 303 individuals) of teeth other than the third molars. There was no sexual dimorphism in the patterns or the severity of third molar agenesis within groups. Both sexes showed a higher number of third molar agenesis per individual in group A than in group B. The most common third molar agenesis pattern was that of no third molars. For both females and males, bilateral third molar agenesis was approximately three times more frequent in group A than in group B (p < 0.001), whereas no difference was detected for unilateral agenesis. These findings indicate a strong genetic control of the developmental process of tooth formation, with any disruptions affecting both sexes in a similar manner. Overall, the higher vulnerability of third molar formation could be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards a reduced number of molar teeth, which seems to show no sex-related differences.
A finite element model for the simulation of pile driving

The feasibility of conducting a detailed analysis of pile driving using a finite element technique is examined in this paper, taking into account the non-linear behaviour of undrained clayey soil and tracing the penetration of the pile into the soil. A three-dimensional model is used for this purpose, which is handled by two-dimensional analysis due to the axisymmetric nature of the problem. A non-linear time-domain dynamic analysis is performed in which the hammer blows on the pile are represented by a periodic forcing function, and the pile penetration is treated using a frictional contact slideline algorithm. The model is applied 10 the driving of a concrete pile in a clayey soil.
Tracing Pharmaceutical Products Utilizing Blockchain Technologies

: In recent years, blockchain technology has emerged and gained considerable attention due to its reliability and secure data sharing capabilities in various domains such as supply chain management, finance, the internet of things, agriculture, food, healthcare, and pharmaceutical industries. The track of pharmaceutical supply chains has become more critical in the health society in any country or region to ensure the proper trackability and safety of medicines. With time, it has become more complex and costly to track thousands of various medical products. Without a proper supply chain system, there is a possibility of the availability of counterfeit drugs. Building a traceability system over a blockchain platform would provide a trusted and secured method to track and trace the medical supply chain from the manufacturer to the patient. This work proposes a traceability system for pharmaceutical products in Oman using blockchain technology to maintain the integrity of the data of such sensitive valuable products. In addition to this, di ff erent pharmaceutical workflows have been designed and implemented using the Ethereum blockchain platform.
Ground state and infrared response of triple concentric quantum ring structures

Within local-spin density-functional theory, we study the ground state and infrared response of two-dimensional, triple concentric quantum ring nanostructures. Changes in their physical properties are presented as a function of the number of electrons or the intensity of a perpendicularly applied magnetic field. We discuss the addition spectrum of few-electron triple quantum rings at zero magnetic field, as well as the physical appearance of the ground state and dipole response of selected systems containing up to 50 electrons. We also investigate the ground state, persistent currents, and charge- and spin-density responses of a system made of 30 electrons.
On the iterative inversion of RBF networks: a statistical interpretation

The method of the inversion of arbitrary continuous multilayer networks is extended to the class of radial basis function networks. The problem centres around how to obtain an input pattern (or set of patterns) which has an associated network output which is close (in a least squares sense) to a desired target pattern. Why this nonlinear inverse problem is of interest is discussed and the action of inverting a radial basis function network is motivated from the point of view of statistical semiparametric density function estimation.
ERRATUM: “A CR-HYDRO-NEI MODEL OF THE STRUCTURE AND BROADBAND EMISSION FROM TYCHO'S SUPERNOVA REMNANT” (2014, ApJ, 783, 33)

In our original manuscript, the calculation of the electron spectrum near maximum momentum produced an overestimate of the electron pileup from radiation losses due to the use of insufﬁciently ﬁne spatial and energy gridding in the region where the electron energy losses are rapid. This has no effect on the dynamical evolution of the system, nor on the proton spectrum. A corrected spectrum, shown in Figure 1 (upper left panel, to be compared with Figure 4 in the original paper) results in
A Color Interpolation Method for Bayer Filter Array Images Based on Direction Flag

The paper presents a color interpolation method for Bayer filter array images based on direction flag. The proposed algorithm determines four edge patterns defined through direction flag by four nearest green values surrounding the green interpolation location. Firstly, Bayer differences between multichannel pixels in horizontal and vertical directions of the color filter interpolation case are obtained. Secondly according to direction flag and edge pattern of the center pixel, missing green components of the center pixel are interpolated by different formulas in the horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions. Finally, correlation among channels is adopted to reconstruct remaining red/blue components pixels. Experimental results show that the presented method for Bayer CFA images based on direction flag can provide better reconstruction quality qualitatively and quantitatively.
High Biometric Recognition Based on Histogram and Semi-discrete Matrix Decomposition via Neural Network

Iris recognition is regarded as the most reliable and accurate biometric identification system available highly protected and stable. Iris situating is the main focus in the procedure of iris recognition and verifies the precision of identification. In this work, a new algorithm for iris localization is suggested based on the median filter and the histogram to determine an automated global threshold and the pupil centre. An algebraic based on semi-discrete matrix decomposition SDD is used to extract iris feature from iris image that decrease the difficulty in input layered neural network, the sizes of input patterns are enhanced. The iris recognition is developed by a neural network with differential adaptive learning rate to identify the iris features. This method is simple, effective and high speed recognition. The system is implemented by using Matlab. Experimental outcomes indicate that the suggested algorithm gives the accuracy of 100 % with time equal 1.4 sec is best than other methods for Daugman and Wildes.
Evolution of toroidal magnetic eddies in an ideal fluid

The magnetohydrodynamic evolution of axisymmetric magnetic eddies within which the magnetic field is purely toroidal with $B_\theta/r$ piecewise-constant, and the velocity field is poloidal, is studied both analytically and numerically. A family of exact solutions, generalizing Hill's spherical vortex to the case of non-zero magnetic field, is found. These exact solutions are (like Hill's vortex) unstable, so that, under weak disturbance, a narrow spike of vorticity is shed from the neighbourhood of the rear stagnation point. Numerical simulation using a contour-dynamics formulation shows that, for general initial contour shape, a contour singularity appears at a finite time $t^*$, like that which appears on a disturbed vortex sheet. Techniques of regularization and sample-point redistribution are used so that the eddy contours can be tracked well beyond $t^*$. When the fluid is initially at rest, the magnetic eddy first contracts towards the axis of symmetry under the action of its Lorentz force distribution; then two spherical fronts form, which propagate in the two opposite directions along the axis of symmetry, in a manner captured well by the exact solution. The magnetic energy remains bounded away from zero despite the fact that there is no topological barrier to its further decrease. Magnetic eddy evolution and the possible existence of steady states under a uniform compressive strain field is also numerically investigated.
A Survey on Crowd Anomaly Detection

: Automated crowd anomaly detection and crowd scene analysis is a novel and emerging field of computer science and engineering domain. The analysis of crowd behavior based on density, trajectory, and motion helps prevent abnormal and unwanted incidents. The analysis of crowd behavior is complex and challenging due to visual occlusions, clutter, ambiguities, dense crowd, and scene semantics. These days, researchers are focusing on developing machine learning-based approaches for “crowd behavior, activity analysis, motion pattering, and anomaly detection in real-time applications”. Firstly this study presents insight on crowd anomaly detection, ways to achieve it, and its applications and importance today. Secondly, it presents a detailed analysis of conventional machine learning as well as deep learning approaches for serving the purpose based on features, methods, datasets, and shortcomings. Thirdly it presents a thorough analysis of datasets and performance parameters. Finally, it presents the current challenges and future work in this field.
Sokyryntsi Park as the embodiment of the "double life" of the Galagan family

The history and principles of planning the park of the aristocratic country residence of the Galagan family – "Sokyryntsi" are described. Compared to such parks as Oleksandriia and Sofiivka, Sokyryntsi Park is much less well-known, although it is a unique intermediate link between the "official" parks of Classicism-Empire style, such as Oleksandriia in Bila Tserkva and "private" "Ossian parks", as Sofiivka Park in Uman. Although in some sources Sokyryntsi Park with a complex of buildings and structures belongs to the Empire style, but a deeper analysis has shown the simultaneous presence of components characteristic of the "English Landscape Park" and "Ossian Park". The Sokyryntsi ensemble is a unique example in terms of its division into three zones – "parade", "memorial", closed from strangers, and "recreational" on the shores of reservoirs. In addition, this is a rare example of the location directly on the estate of two churches, family crypts and the house of the estate founder. The Sokyryntsi ensemble is a unique example of how the "double life" of the family was subconsciously embodied in the planning and development of the park, where the "parade" part testified to the education of the owners and their role in the Russian Empire, instead, the hidden "memorial" part acted as a "figure of silence" about the shameful deeds of the estate founder. The methods of historical and culturological analysis, method of comparative analysis, method of field surveys with the implementation of dimensional drawings and photofixation were used.
Incipient plasticity during nanoindentation at elevated temperatures

The onset of plastic deformation during nanoindentation is studied, focusing upon the effects of temperature variation. Indentations on pure (100)-oriented platinum at 20, 100, and 200°C reveal that the transition from elastic to plastic deformation occurs at progressively lower stress levels as temperature is increased. Additionally, it is shown that during plastic deformation, higher temperatures promote the discretization of plasticity into sharp bursts of activity. These results are in line with expectations for stress-biased, thermally activated deformation processes such as the nucleation of dislocations or the abrupt release of dislocation entanglements.
Dynamical evolution of shear-free gravitational collapse in the background of generalized Carroll–Duvvuri–Trodden–Turner f(R) model

In connection to our previous work on the aspect of dynamical instability of gravitational collapse by using well-known f(R) models, here we have adopted the same problem in the framework of generalized Carroll–Duvvuri–Trodden–Turner f(R) model. This model combines both the previous models addressed by Sharif & Kausar and Kausar in spherical and cylindrical symmetry, respectively. In this paper, we also include the worthwhile condition of shear-free dynamical evolution to discuss the instability problem of collapsing stars in the form of adiabatic index. Shear-free condition represents the isotropic relative motion of the departing Galaxies in cosmology whereas in strong gravity it causes the appearance of a naked singularity by violating cosmic censorship hypothesis. Moreover, the obtained generalized results are reduced to some special cases which yield dependence of instability equation on many constraints between effective curvature terms.
Generation of high-energy high-order harmonics by use of a long interaction medium

We investigate the energy scaling of high-order harmonics in Ar, using a loosely focused beam in a phase-matched condition. Adjusting the argon gas density and the pump laser focusing condition produces a total output harmonic energy as high as 0.7 μJ in the spectral region 34.8–25.8 nm (the corresponding orders of the 23rd–31st harmonics); 27th-order harmonic (29.6-nm) energy attained is as high as 0.3 μJ with an almost perfect spatial profile. High efficiency and good spatial quality are achieved simultaneously.
Piezoelectrically actuated insect scale flapping wing

An energy method is used in order to derive the non-linear equations of motion of a smart flapping wing. Flapping wing is actuated from the root by a PZT unimorph in the piezofan configuration. Dynamic characteristics of the wing, having the same size as dragonfly Aeshna Multicolor, are analyzed using numerical simulations. It is shown that flapping angle variations of the smart flapping wing are similar to the actual dragonfly wing for a specific feasible voltage. An unsteady aerodynamic model based on modified strip theory is used to obtain the aerodynamic forces. It is found that the smart wing generates sufficient lift to support its own weight and carry a small payload. It is therefore a potential candidate for flapping wing of micro air vehicles.