Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spotted leaf11, a Negative Regulator of Plant Cell Death and Defense, Encodes a U-Box/Armadillo Repeat Protein Endowed with E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activityw⃞

The rice (Oryza sativa) spotted leaf11 (spl11) mutant was identified from an ethyl methanesulfonate–mutagenized indica cultivar IR68 population and was previously shown to display a spontaneous cell death phenotype and enhanced resistance to rice fungal and bacterial pathogens. Here, we have isolated Spl11 via a map-based cloning strategy. The isolation of the Spl11 gene was facilitated by the identification of three additional spl11 alleles from an IR64 mutant collection. The predicted SPL11 protein contains both a U-box domain and an armadillo (ARM) repeat domain, which were demonstrated in yeast and mammalian systems to be involved in ubiquitination and protein–protein interactions, respectively. Amino acid sequence comparison indicated that the similarity between SPL11 and other plant U-box-ARM proteins is mostly restricted to the U-box and ARM repeat regions. A single base substitution was detected in spl11, which results in a premature stop codon in the SPL11 protein. Expression analysis indicated that Spl11 is induced in both incompatible and compatible rice–blast interactions. In vitro ubiquitination assay indicated that the SPL11 protein possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that is dependent on an intact U-box domain, suggesting a role of the ubiquitination system in the control of plant cell death and defense.
The Reliability and Validity of the School Function Assessment—Chinese Version

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the School Function Assessment (SFA)-Chinese version. The data drawn from the standardization sample of the instrument (N = 320) were used in the analyses. Using internal consistency procedures, Cronbach's alpha for each scale ranged from . 94 to . 98. The test—retest study reported intraclass correlation coefficients from . 87 to . 98 among the scales. Content validity of the SFA—Chinese version was confirmed by the overall high content validity indices (85% to 100%) determined by educational experts. Construct-related validity based on an exploratory factor analysis revealed two correlated functional domains of the SFA—Chinese version, “cognitive/behavioral” and “physical,” which were consistent with the theoretical construct hypothesized in the instrument. The known groups method demonstrated different patterns of the SFA scores among three different diagnostic groups. Moreover, discriminant analysis of the scores showed a high percentage of children correctly classified into their diagnostic groups. The overall results supported the psychometric properties of the SFA—Chinese version.
A CMOS LC VCO in 0.5μm process

A CMOS LC VCO in CSMC0.5mum is designed in this paper. To design the VCO some methods of optimization are proposed to reduce phase noise and ASITIC is used to optimize an on-chip integrated inductor. A NMOS varactor is applied here, which makes the circuit has a wide tuning range. In the paper, the supply voltage is 3.3 volts, oscillation frequency is 2.33 GHz.
TetraploidMap for Windows: linkage map construction and QTL mapping in autotetraploid species.

An earlier program, TetraploidMap, enabled linkage analysis to be performed for autotetraploid species, with a text-based input and output. The current program, TetraploidMap for Windows, is considerably enhanced, and now goes beyond linkage analysis to perform quantitative trait locus (QTL) interval mapping, with a range of models and thresholds assessed by permutation tests. A Windows-based interface facilitates data entry and exploration. TetraploidMap for Windows is freely available from the Web site of Bioinformatics and Statistics Scotland at http://www.bioss. ac.uk/ (user-friendly software).
Using Source Separation to Improve Tempo Detection

We describe a novel tempo estimation method based on decomposing musical audio into sources using principal latent component analysis (PLCA). The approach is motivated by the observation that in rhythmically complex music, some layers may be more rhythmically regular than the overall mix, thus facilitating tempo detection. Each excerpt was analyzed using PLCA and the resulting components were each tempo tracked using a standard autocorrelationbased algorithm. We describe several techniques for aggregating or choosing among the multiple estimates that result from this process to extract a global tempo estimate. The system was evaluated on the MIREX 2006 training database as well as a newly constructed database of rhythmically complex electronic music consisting of 27 examples (IDM DB). For these databases the algorithms improved accuracy by 10% (60% vs 50%) and 22.3% (48.2% vs. 25.9%) respectively. These preliminary results suggest that for some types of music, source-separation may lead to better tempo detection.
On the presence of disjoint subgraphs of a specified type

We say that a graph family ℱ has the Erdos-Posa property if there exists a function f(k) such that any graph G contains either k disjoint subgraphs each isomorphic to a member of ℱ, or contains a set S of at most f(k) vertices such that G — S contains no graph in ℱ. We derive a general sufficient condition for a family of graphs to have the Erdos-Posa property. In particular, for any fixed natural number m the collection of cycles of length divisible by m has the Erdos-Posa property. As a by-product, we obtain a polynomially bounded algorithm for finding a cycle of length divisible by m. On the other hand, we describe a general class of planar graphs H such that a collection of subdivisions of H does not have the Erdos-Posa property. In fact, H may even be a tree.
Co-occurrence steganalysis in high dimensions

The state of the art steganalytic features for spatial domain, and to some extent for transfer domains (CDT) as well, are based on histogram of co-occurances of neighboring elements. The rationale behind is that neighboring pixels in digital images are correlated, which is caused by the smoothness of our world and by the usual image processing. The limitation of the histogram-based features is that they do not scale well with respect to the number of modeled neighboring elements, since the number of histogram bins (hence number of features) depends exponentially on this quanitity. The remedy adopted by the prior art is to sum values of neighboring bins together, which can be seen as a vector quantization controlled by the position of the quantization centers. So far the quantization centers has been determined manually according to the intuition of the staganalyst. Heere we proposedto use Linde, Buso, and Gray algorithm in order to automatically find quantization centers maximizing the detection accuracy of resulting features. The quantization centers found by the proposed algorithm are experimentally compared to the ones used by the prior art on the steganalysis of Hugo algorithm. Tbhe results show a non-negligible improvements in the accuracy, especially when more complicated filters and higher-order histograms are used.
Molecular Mechanism for Switching of P. falciparum Invasion Pathways into Human Erythrocytes

The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, exploits multiple ligand-receptor interactions, called invasion pathways, to invade the host erythrocyte. Strains of P. falciparum vary in their dependency on sialated red cell receptors for invasion. We show that switching from sialic acid–dependent to –independent invasion is reversible and depends on parasite ligand use. Expression of P. falciparum reticulocyte–binding like homolog 4 (PfRh4) correlates with sialic acid–independent invasion, and PfRh4 is essential for switching invasion pathways. Differential activation of PfRh4 represents a previously unknown mechanism to switch invasion pathways and provides P. falciparum with exquisite adaptability in the face of erythrocyte receptor polymorphisms and host immune responses.
Parameterized Power Vertex Cover

We study a recently introduced generalization of the Vertex Cover VC problem, called Power Vertex Cover PVC. In this problem, each edge of the input graph is supplied with a positive integer demand. A solution is an assignment of power values to the vertices, so that for each edge one of its endpoints has value as high as the demand, and the total sum of power values assigned is minimized. We investigate how this generalization affects the complexity of Vertex Cover from the point of view of parameterized algorithms. On the positive side, when parameterized by the value of the optimal P, we give an $$O^*1.274^P$$ branching algorithm $$O^*$$ is used to hide factors polynomial in the input size, and also an $$O^*1.325^P$$ algorithm for the more general asymmetric case of the problem, where the demand of each edge may differ for its two endpoints. When the parameter is the number of vertices k that receive positive value, we give $$O^*1.619^k$$ and $$O^*k^k$$ algorithms for the symmetric and asymmetric cases respectively, as well as a simple quadratic kernel for the asymmetric case. We also show that PVC becomes significantly harder than classical VC when parameterized by the graph's treewidth t. More specifically, we prove that unless the ETH is false, there is no $$n^{ot}$$ algorithm for PVC. We give a method to overcome this hardness by designing an FPT approximation scheme which obtains a $$1+\epsilon $$-approximation to the optimal solution in time FPT in parameters t and $$1/\epsilon $$.
Cannabispsychosen – Vom eigenständigen Krankheitsbild zum Komorbiditätsmodell

Ziel: Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Uberblick uber die Entwicklung von Konzepten zu psychotischen Storungen bei Cannabiskonsumenten und diskutiert insbesondere die Zusammenhange zwischen Cannabiskonsum und schizophrenen Storungen. Methode: Ein Ruckblick uber relevante Arbeiten zur Thematik zeigt, dass die psychiatrische und psychopathologische Beschaftigung mit Cannabis und seinen Wirkungen in Deutschland eine lange Tradition hat, die bis zum Anfang des letzten Jahrhunderts zuruckreicht. Nach Beginn der Drogenwelle in Deutschland Ende der sechziger Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts wurde den psychotischen Storungen bei Drogenkonsumenten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Ergebnisse: Nach ersten empirischen Untersuchungen wurde das Konzept einer Drogen- und speziell Cannabispsychose eingefuhrt. Als Folge von psychopathologischen Vergleichs- und klinischen Verlaufsuntersuchungen etablierte sich im Weiteren fur die langerdauernden psychotischen Storungen zunehmend das Mo.
Reintroducing Adventure Into Children's Outdoor Play Environments

Over the last decade, awareness about the changing nature of children's play has gradually increased, leading to some concerns that outdoor play, particularly unstructured outdoor play, is rapidly declining. Reasons for these changes are diverse and multilayered, rooted in ever-evolving sets of social and parental expectations and the children's needs for entertainment and self-expression. Parents are struggling with competing, rational, and emotive judgments (personal and social in nature) about positive and negative risks associated with play. As suggested in this article, adventure playgrounds are a specific type of outdoor play environments that have the potential to offer an abundance of developmental opportunities for children to grow emotionally, socially, and physically.
Color Relations Increase the Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory

Do color relations such as similarity or harmony influence the ease with which colored patterns can be perceived and held in mind? We tested the influence of a relation supported in research on color harmony—similarity of hue—on the capacity of visual short-term memory (VSTM) for colors in patterns. Palettes of 4 similar-hue colors were rated as more pleasant (harmonious) than dissimilar-color palettes. The palettes were used in a VSTM color task. Patterns of 9 to 15 colored squares were presented, and accuracy of color change detection was measured. Memory performance was higher overall for similar-color palettes than for dissimilar-color palettes (experiments 1 and 3). Is this due to color similarity per se, or due to the harmony between colors in similar palettes? A final experiment provided strong support for the importance of color similarity as opposed to harmony. Overall, the advantages for color similarity, in terms of number of color squares held in memory (memory capacity) were 26% to 45% over dissimilar colors. The results indicate that color relations can have a strong impact on the capacity for perceiving and retaining color patterns.
A Novel Approach Towards LSB Substituted Data Hiding In Images

— In this paper a novel approach towards LSB substituted data hiding in images has been proposed based on random bit substitution which not only improves the robustness and security of the watermarking scheme but also significantly improves the stego image quality which is visually indistinguishable from the original cover image. The the watermarked image shows marked improvement and greater resistance to attack of various kinds of noises, third party manipulation or distortion in image plane , with addition of lower computational complexity .
Currency Crises and Foreign Credit in Emerging Markets: Credit Crunch or Demand Effect?

Currency crises of the past decade highlighted the importance of balance-sheet effects of currency crises. In credit-constrained markets such effects may lead to further declines in credit. Controlling for a host of fundamentals, we find a systematic decline in foreign credit to emerging market private firms of about 25% in the first year following currency crises, which we define as large changes in real value of the currency. This decline is especially large in the first five months, lessens in the second year and disappears entirely by the third year. We identify the effects of currency crises on the demand and supply of credit and find that the decline in the supply of credit is persistent and contributes to about 8% decline in credit for the first two years, while the 35% decline in demand lasts only five months.
Compensatory Plasticity in the Deaf Brain: Effects on Perception of Music

When one sense is unavailable, sensory responsibilities shift and processing of the remaining modalities becomes enhanced to compensate for missing information. This shift, referred to as compensatory plasticity, results in a unique sensory experience for individuals who are deaf, including the manner in which music is perceived. This paper evaluates the neural, behavioural and cognitive evidence for compensatory plasticity following auditory deprivation and considers how this manifests in a unique experience of music that emphasizes visual and vibrotactile modalities.
The Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA) and the Construction of a New Democratic and Citizen Culture as an Instrument for the Confrontation of Violence Against Children and Adolescents -- a Brief Report of the Brazilian Position

This article proposes to contemplate the theme of violence, starting from the reference point of the Child and Adolescent Statute (hereafter, the ECA). This legal milestone originated from the 1988 Constitution, Art. 227, which provided for the creation of Law 9,069 of 13 July, 2000. This paper will reflect on some aspects of violence by contextualising it in the situation of childhood in Brazil by a theoretical cut-out as to what is understood as violence – more specifically, abuse and exploitation – and conveying some data about the Brazilian reality. Also, a brief report willbe given of some religious groups that established a new culture after committing themselves to the confrontation of violence against children and adolescents. Among the various experiences involved, the emphasis will be to highlight the Christian tradition as fueled by the reflectionsof liberation theology, which guided different groups to a political pronouncement. The approach of a gospel reading, which is lived daily and is the preferred option of the excluded, feeding the actions of both clergy and lay leadership, is presented in narratives of the actors involved in the process.
The application of novel failure analysis techniques for advanced multi-layered CMOS devices

The major focus of this paper is on innovative fault localisation approaches that make use of DFT (design for testability) features, fanin tree, assembly code programming and functional model simulation as FA tools. Besides these, defect localisation techniques and revolutionary backside FA techniques are discussed. All these tools enhance FA activities and increase the chance of defect detection. Without these tools, FA on extremely complex devices such as microprocessors will be extremely difficult, if not impossible.
Efficacy, Safety, and Preparation of Standardized Parenteral Nutrition Regimens: Three-Chamber Bags vs Compounded Monobags—A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Single-Blind Clinical Trial

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) covering the need for carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids can either be compounded from single nutrients or purchased as an industrially manufactured ready-to-use regimen. This study compares a commercially available 3-chamber bag (study group) with a conventionally compounded monobag regarding nutrition efficacy, safety, and regimen preparation time. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blind study was conducted at 5 Chinese hospitals from October 2010–October 2011. Postsurgical patients requiring PN for at least 6 days were randomly assigned to receive the study or control regimen. Plasma concentrations of prealbumin and C-reactive protein (CRP), regimen preparation time, length of hospital stay (LOS), 30-day mortality, safety laboratory parameters, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Results: In total, 240 patients (121 vs 119 in study and control groups) participated in this study. Changes in prealbumin concentrations during nutrition support (&Dgr;Prealb(StudyGroup) = 2.65 mg/dL, P < . 001 vs &Dgr;Prealb(ControlGroup) = 0.27 mg/dL, P = . 606) and CRP values were comparable. Regimen preparation time was significantly reduced in the study group by the use of 3-chamber bags (t(StudyGroup) = 4.90 ± 4.41 minutes vs t(ControlGroup) = 12.13 ± 5.62 minutes, P < . 001). No differences were detected for LOS, 30-day mortality, safety laboratory parameters, and postoperative AEs (37 vs 38 in study and control groups). Conclusion: The PN regimen provided by the 3-chamber bag was comparable to the compounded regimen and safe in use. Time savings during regimen preparation indicates that use of 3-chamber bags simplifies the process of regimen preparation.
Origin of orbital magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy in TX ordered alloys (where T=Fe,Co and X=Pd,Pt).

We present a method to calculate the magnetic anisotropy parameters which is based on a perturbative treatment of the spin-orbit interaction and a Green's function technique in real space. It allows us to interpret the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) in terms of interatomic interactions in the crystal. The method is applied to analyze orbital magnetism and MAE in TX ordered alloys (T=Fe,Co and X=Pd,Pt). The convergence of the orbital moments and MAE in real space and its relation to the problems of Brillouin-zone integration and of oscillatory behavior of MAE as a function of band filling are discussed. A comparison with results obtained by other methods is also given.
Computational Intelligence Algorithms for Optimized Vehicle Routing Applications in Geographic Information Systems

This project seeks to explore the application of two developing algorithmic paradigms from the field of computational intelligence towards optimized vehicle routing within geographic information systems (GIS). Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a type of multi-agent, swarm-based algorithm designed to mimic the emergent problem-solving behavior of real ants within a colony. Genetic Algorithms (GA) are another natureinspired type of algorithm designed for evolving optimal or near-optimal solutions to a problem through the use of techniques based on natural selection, crossover, and mutation. The goal of this project is to implement and test a hybrid version of these two algorithms, aimed at evolving agents (ants) for optimized routing within the vehicle routing program. Introduction Within the last few decades of the 20 century, and continuing into the new millennium, there has been exponential growth in the research, development, and utilization of geographic information systems (GIS). However, while GIS have been designed to handle most types of common spatial analysis problems, many of the more complex spatial problems are still beyond their current capabilities to solve. These types of problems often involve extremely large search spaces with correspondingly large numbers of potential solutions. In such cases, standard analytical techniques typically fall short of finding optimal solutions to the problem within practical temporal and/or computational limits. One such problem within the realm of spatial analysis is that of the vehicle routing problem (VRP). This project will be focused on the development of algorithmic solutions for the VRP, designed specifically for solving such complex problems. Vehicle routing has many practical applications within the fields of operations research, logistics, distribution, supply chain management, and transportation, to name a few. In general, vehicle routing involves finding efficient routes for vehicles along transportation networks, in order to minimize route length, service cost, travel time, number of vehicles, etc. As will be demonstrated in the next section, in which a more detailed and formal definition of the VRP is given, this is a combinatorial optimization problem for which no simple solutions exist. As an alternative, solution techniques from the field of computational intelligence shall be implemented and tested for solving instances of the VRP. According to Engelbrecht (2002), computational intelligence may be defined as a sub-field of artificial intelligence (AI) that entails “the study of adaptive mechanisms to enable or facilitate intelligent behavior in complex and changing environments. These mechanisms include those AI paradigms that exhibit an ability to learn or adapt to new situations, to generalize, abstract, discover, and associate” (p.4). Computational intelligence is itself divided among many sub-fields of study, including (but not limited
Persistent Burnout Theory of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

There is no agreement on the etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and the main theories (behavioural and viral/immune) do not satisfactorily explain the condition. A growing body of evidence suggests that CFS may be caused by a dysfunction of the stress system—and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in particular—as a result of chronic stress. CFS shares many similarities to occupational burnout, including similar symptoms, physiological abnormalities and triggers. After a brief review of the science of stress, burnout, central fatigue and CFS, I propose a model of CFS based on a state of persistent burnout that remains after the initial stressors have been removed. This persistence may be due to a combination of a dysregulation of the HPA axis, and behavioural factors. A novel treatment approach based on self-efficacy and positive goals is proposed.