Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary exposure to metals and other elements in the 2006 UK Total Diet Study and some trends over the last 30 years

Concentrations of 24 elements including metals in the 2006 UK Total Diet Study (TDS) were measured and dietary exposures estimated. Composite samples for the 20 TDS food groups (bread, fish, fruit, etc.) were collected from 24 UK towns and analysed for their levels of aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, copper, germanium, indium, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, selenium, strontium, thallium, tin, and zinc. Concentrations of each of the elements in the food groups were lower than or similar to those reported in the previous TDS survey, conducted in 2000, with the exception of aluminium, barium, and manganese. Dietary exposures to the 24 elements were estimated for UK consumers and compared with previous estimates made over the last 30 years in order to examine any trends in exposure to these elements in the typical UK diet. Population exposures to the elements have generally declined over time, and exposures to most of these elements remain at low levels. The independent UK Government scientific Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) commented on the estimated dietary exposures, taking into account their previous evaluations (in 2003 and 2008), and identified no major concerns for the health of consumers, but did advise that there was a need for more information on aluminium and barium, and also commented that dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic and to lead should continue to be reduced.
Kinship verification from faces: Methods, databases and challenges

Automatic kinship verification from face images aims at verifying whether two persons have a kin relation or not by only comparing their visual facial similarities. This is an emerging topic in face analysis and computer vision. Automatic kinship verification is useful in many applications such as finding missing children, image annotation, and social media analysis. In the recent years, there has been a lot of efforts in developing methods to cope with this challenging but important research problem. This paper introduces the topic, discusses the proposed methods, describes the available databases, highlights the open issues and challenges and points out directions for future research.
Persistent truncus arteriosus with absence of right pulmonary artery

Objective: To establish normal values of left atrial and left ventricular volumes and function in children and young adults using three dimensional echocardiography (3DE). Methods: 169 healthy subjects aged 2 to 27 years were studied by digitised 3DE. 3DE was achieved using rotational acquisition of planes at 18° intervals from the parasternal view for the left atrium and from the transthoracic apical view for the left ventricle with ECG gating and without respiratory gating. Left atrial and left ventricular volumes could be calculated throughout the heart cycle, and the respective time–volume curves were reconstructed in each subject. Results: For the analysis the subjects were divided into five groups according to body surface area: 0.5–0.75 m2, 0.75–1.0 m2, 1.0–1.25 m2, 1.25–1.5 m2, and over 1.5 m2. Mean (SD) left atrial maximum volume/body surface area was 19.6 (3.5), 21.7 (3.7), 22.0 (4.7), 24.5 (4.8), and 27.4 (6.4) ml/m2; left ventricular maximum volume/body surface area was 50.1 (8.8), 54.9 (10.1), 56.4 (9.9), 58.7 (11.0), and 64.4 (10.3) ml/m2. Left atrial active emptying increased from 19% to 35% with age (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) and with decreasing heart rate (r = −0.28, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Transthoracic 3DE is well suited for studying the phasic changes in left atrial and left ventricular volumes in young children as well as in adults. The data obtained from 169 healthy subjects will serve as a reference for further studies in patients with various cardiac abnormalities.
Results of excision of cerebral radionecrosis: experience in patients treated with radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECT In theory, the purpose of the treatment of cerebral radionecrosis (CRN), a nonneoplastic condition, is to minimize loss of brain function by preventing the progression and reversing some of the processes of CRN. In a practical sense, factors for achieving this purpose may include the following: removal of a CRN lesion that is causing mass effect, control of brain edema, prevention of recurrence of CRN lesions, minimization of adverse effects from treatments, and achievement of reasonably long and good-quality survivals. Based on these practical issues, the authors performed a retrospective study to evaluate the results of excision for the treatment of CRN. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of excision of CRN lesions in a group of patients with temporal lobe CRN due to radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients who had undergone surgery at the authors' institution between January 1998 and November 2008 were analyzed. Surgical results were evaluated by assessing postoperative resolution of brain edema, recurrence of temporal lobe CRN, surgery-related complications, and postoperative functional status and survival. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were included (age range 39-69 years; in 23 patients nasopharyngeal carcinoma was in remission). All patients underwent craniotomy for excision of the contrast-enhancing region. The indications for operation were temporal lobe CRN lesions with a mass-occupying effect beyond the temporal lobe. There were 32 craniotomies in all (mean postoperative follow-up 40 months). It was found that brain edema resolved rapidly postoperatively. The recurrence and reoperation rates were 6.3 and 3.1%, respectively. There were no surgery-related deaths. The median survival was 72 months, and 67% of the patients had a Karnofsky Performance Scale score of > or = 70% at the time of their last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In a specific group of patients with CRN of the temporal lobe in whom the CRN lesions were causing a mass-occupying effect beyond the temporal lobe, excision of the contrast-enhancing region was safe and could achieve prompt resolution of brain edema and a low incidence of recurrence of CRN.
Efﬁcient Algorithms to Optimize Diffusion Processes under the Independent Cascade Model

We study scalable algorithms to optimize diffusion processes under the Independent Cascade model. We consider a broad class of intervention actions, including selecting sources, raising the probability that the diffusion propagates from one node to another and changing the topology of networks to facilitate the diffusion. Optimizing the selection of such actions with a limited budget tends to be NP-hard and is neither submodular nor supermodular. We provide scalable algorithms for three different problem settings that range in terms of the strength of the assumptions we make about the model. The algorithms are very efﬁcient (faster than a baseline greedy algorithm), producing high-quality solutions in several diffusion maximization problems in the area of computational sustainability and in some cases also have provable approximation guarantees. These techniques offer promising results that may be applied to diffusion optimization problems in social and information networks.
Diversity as a Basis for Shared Organizational Identity: The Norm Congruity Principle

Although the social identity approach is generally used to explain the negative consequences of diversity for the formation of a common identity within organizations, we propose that social identity processes can also lead employees to evaluate their differences in a positive way. We propose norm-congruency as a central principle to understand these issues. We argue that when differences among team members in organizations are congruent with norms and expectations, diversity can become a basis for organizational identification.
Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy--an appropriate alternative to laparoscopic cholecystectomy in developing nations.

BACKGROUND This study reports the experience of performing minilaparotomy cholecystectomy (MC) and assesses the peri-operative outcome of this surgery in the setting of a developing country. METHODS Data of all patients who underwent minilaparotomy cholecystectomy by a single surgical unit were collected and reviewed. These included demographics, surgical technique used, peri-operative complications and length of hospital stay. Descriptive analyses were done. RESULTS 476 patients who underwent elective minilaparotomy cholecystectomy in a single surgical unit over a 15 year period were studied. Of these, 84.8% were female. The mean age was 47 years. The most common indication for surgery was symptomatic cholelithiasis with chronic cholecystitis (66%). Mean length of the surgical incision was 4.8 cm and mean operating time was 31 min. Rate of conversion to conventional open cholecystectomy was 4%. Median hospital length of stay was 22 hours. Minor wound infection was the only surgical post-operative complication recorded in 7 patients. Nine patients in the converted group and 3 in the minilaparotomy cholecystectomy group had significant vomiting. There was no mortality. CONCLUSION The study reinforces the view that minilaparotomy cholecystectomy can be safely and effectively performed with minimal peri-operative complications, and is ideal for developing country settings.
Stigma and mental disorder: Conceptions of illness, public attitudes, personal disclosure, and social policy

The end of the last millennium witnessed an unprecedented degree of public awareness regarding mental disorder as well as motivation for policy change. Like Sartorius, we contend that the continued stigmatization of mental illness may well be the central issue facing the field, as nearly all attendant issues (e.g., standards of care, funding for basic and applied research efforts) emanate from professional, societal, and personal attitudes towards persons with aberrant behavior. We discuss empirical and narrative evidence for stigmatization as well as historical trends regarding conceptualizations of mental illness, including the field's increasing focus on genetic and neurobiological causes and determinants of mental disorder. We next define stigma explicitly, noting both the multiple levels (community, societal, familial, individual) through which stigma operates to dehumanize and delegitimize individuals with mental disorders and the impact of stigma across development. Key developmental psychopathology principles are salient in this regard. We express concern over the recent oversimplification of mental illness as “brain disorder,” supporting instead transactional models which account for the dynamic interplay of genes, neurobiology, environment, and self across development and which are consistent with both compassion and societal responsibility. Finally, we consider educational and policy-related initiatives regarding the destigmatization of mental disorder. We conclude that attitudes and policy regarding mental disorder reflect, in microcosmic form, two crucial issues for the next century and millennium: (a) tolerance for diversity (vs. pressure for conformity) and (b) intentional direction of our species' evolution, given fast-breaking genetic advances.
La perception du mouvement en profondeur chez le nourrisson

Resume ; Ce travail concerne l'utilisation par le nourrisson de l'information fournie par la transformation d'une texture sur le mouvement en profondeur. 33 nourrissons âges de 22 a 48 jours ont regarde un film durant lequel les elements (disques ronds) d'une configuration et les distances interelements subissent alternativement des expansions et des contractions. Durant les essais d'expansion un stimulus de 800 elements a declenche davantage de mouvements de tete dans le sens oppose a l'ecran de projection que les stimulus n'ayant qu'un ou trois elements. Il n'y a pas eu de difference d'efficacite des trois stimulus dans les essais de contraction. Ainsi le jeune nourrisson tient compte de l'information sur le mouvement en profondeur fournie par l'expansion des espaces entre les elements ou le deplacement de ceux-ci vers la peripherie du champ visuel. Ces resultats s'accordent avec la theorie de Gibson (1966) sur la nature du stimulus evoquant une perception du mouvement en profondeur.
How Context Mediates Policy: The Implementation of Single Gender Public Schooling in California.

In this article, we present findings about the implementation of single gender public schooling in California—a movement that signifies a growing interest in school choice and private sector solutions to public education problems. We analyze qualitative data gathered in a study of 12 single gender academies (6 boys; 6 girls). As well-meaning educators responded to California’s single gender academies legislation, they designed schools and used resources to address the pressing needs of students in each community, such as low achievement, poverty, or violence, rather than to address gender bias. The impetus for single gender schooling in each context affected the organization, curriculum, and pedagogy in each academy, as did educators’ ideologies about gender. In the end, the politics surrounding the legislation, the resource interests of district and school administrators, and the lack of institutional support for this gender-based reform coalesced to structure the demise of most of the single gender academies. We consider the implications of these findings for the viability of single gender schooling as a public school option.
The Continuing Significance of Social Class to Marketing

Social class is conceptually complicated, philosophically upsetting, and methodologically challenging, yet it continues to offer provocative insights into consumption choices. The latest thinking from sociologists points to a basic continuity in the American status structure: fundamental differences among the classes in self-image, social horizons, and consumption goals continue despite changes in income distribution, the demographics of family composition, and life styles. The question of whether class or income is the better predictor of marketplace behavior should be rephrased: How does class affect use of income?
Two types of inhibitory control: Predictive relations to social functioning

The aim was to investigate two inhibitory concepts—executive inhibition and inhibition to the unfamiliar. The relation between these two phenomena was studied as well as how they, alone or in combination, are related to the development of hyperactivity, social anxiety, and social competence. The results showed that there was a low, positive relation between these two inhibitory phenomena at age 5 (n 1/4 151). Further, both types of inhibition were negatively related to nonclinical levels of hyperactivity in school 3 years later. Inhibition to the unfamiliar was also negatively related to social initiative, and positively related to social anxiety. Using nonlinear analyses, only the combination of high levels of both types of inhibition showed significant predictions to social anxiety. The results also indicated that high inhibition to the unfamiliar might have a protective role in the development of hyperactivity as low executive inhibition was related to hyperactivity, except when in combination with high inhibition to the unfamiliar. Regarding predictions to social competence, the results showed that the combination of high levels of both types of inhibition was associated with low social initiative, although this effect was only significant at the level of tendency.
The psychological aspects of coping with being accused of sexual offences

The effects of stigmatisation regarding sex abuse and rape crimes have rarely been studied. This present study explores the effects of social stigma by examining coping style, thought suppression, depression and anxiety in those falsely accused of sex crimes compared with those convicted of sex crimes. A total of 60 males volunteered to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaires were given to participants from organisations that support people falsely accused and people who have been found guilty of sexual offending. The findings indicate that falsely accused individuals employ an emotion‐focused coping strategy significantly more than convicted sex offenders.
International Journal of Computer Mathematics Forward Selection Method with Regression Analysis for Optimal Gene Selection in Cancer Classification Forward Selection Method with Regression Analysis for Optimal Gene Selection in Cancer Classification

'Forward selection method with regression analysis for optimal gene selection in This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. The development of DNA microarray technology has facilitated in-depth research into cancer classification, and has made it possible to process thousands of genes simultaneously. Since not all genes are crucial for classifying cancer, it is necessary to select informative genes which are associated with cancer. Many gene selection methods have been investigated, but none is perfect. In this paper we investigate methods of finding optimal informative genes for classification of gene expression profiles. We propose a new gene selection method based on the forward selection method with regression analysis in order to find informative genes which predict cancer. The genes selected by this method tend to have information about the cancer that does not overlap with the other genes selected. We have measured the sensitivity, specificity, and recognition rate of the selected genes with the k-nearest-neighbour classifier for the colon cancer dataset and the lymphoma dataset. In most cases, the proposed method produces better results than gene selection based on other feature selection methods, yielding a high accuracy of 90.3% for the colon cancer dataset and 72% for the lymphoma dataset.
Memória de trabalho viso-espacial em crianças de 7 a 12 anos

Visuo-spatial working memory in 7-12 year old children. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of visual-spatial memory in children. Seventy eight children took part in an experiment with four factors: children’s age, stimuli spatial position, stimuli visual similarity, stimuli set color. The results have shown that all main factors are statistically meaningful. The oldest children presented a better performance than the youngest ones. Stimuli set formed by low similarity letters were better recollected than the stimuli set formed by high similarity letters. The recall of the spatial position of letters was better in trials where the letters of a set were presented in the same color. The percentage of correct recall changed meaningfully as a function of the spatial position in which the target had been presented. The results were interpreted according to models that emphasize aspects of development of cognitive strategies along with the human development, especially the working memory model.
Antagonist of M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Prevents Neurotoxicity Induced by Amphetamine via Nitric Oxide Pathway

The psychostimulant amphetamine (AMPH) has been found to induce striatal acetylcholine release and neurotoxic processes via nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Our purpose was to determine whether blocking striatal muscarinic (M1) receptors by the selective M1 antagonist toxin 7 (MT 7; bilaterally, 2 μg per side) might attenuate the effects of AMPH (4 × 5 mg/kg, i.p.). Systemic AMPH administration increased NO and LPO in the striatal tissue. Stimulation of M1 receptors by i.c. v. injection of M1 agonist McN‐A‐343 (200 μg) caused a similar enhancement of NO and LPO. Pretreatment with the MT7 prevented the AMPH‐induced NO generation and greatly reduced the LPO caused by the psychostimulant. These results show that M1 acetylcholine receptors are critically involved in neurotoxic processes induced by AMPH via NO and LPO.
Treatment Resistance and Ethnicity among Female Offenders in Substance Abuse Treatment Programs

This study investigates treatment resistance in several subpopulations of female offenders in substance abuse treatment programs. Using the Correctional Treatment Resistance Scale, data from 153 adult female inmates were analyzed according to ethnic and treatment group differences. It was found that treatment resistance was consistent across treatment groups, but elevated resistance scores were observed for Black and Hispanic female offenders. Implications of the results are discussed for counselor preparation, treatment planning, and pretreatment orientation when female offenders from diverse backgrounds are in substance abuse treatment programs.
Factors Affecting The Collaboration In Supply Chain Of Mechanical Enterprises In Vietnam

In the context of international economic integration, enterprises need to participate in the global supply chain to take advantage of assets, talents and other capability. Base on the Structure Equation Model (SEM-PLS) using primary data collected from 205 mechanical enterprises in Vietnam, the research result shows that there are nine direct factors affecting the collaboration in supply chain including: (i) trust; (ii) power; (iii) maturity; (iv) frequency; (v) distance; (vi) culture; (vii) strategy; (viii) policy; (ix) commitment. Results of the research give strong evidences for policy makers and enterprises for management the supply chain collaboration in mechanical sector in particular and other sectors in general as well as its contribution to literature review of supply chain management.
Being part of diversity: The effects of an all-inclusive multicultural diversity approach on majority members’ perceived inclusion and support for organizational diversity efforts

In two experiments we tested how explicitly including the cultural majority group in an organization’s diversity approach (all-inclusive multiculturalism) affects the extent to which majority members feel included in the organization and support organizational diversity efforts. In Study 1 we focused on prospective employees. We found that an all-inclusive diversity approach, compared with the “standard” multicultural approach in which the majority group is not explicitly made part of organizational diversity, led to higher levels of anticipated inclusion for those with a high need to belong. In Study 2 we turned to sitting organizational members. Here, we again found that an all-inclusive multicultural approach increased perceptions of inclusion, but now the effect was present regardless of individual levels of need to belong. Perceived inclusion, in turn, was positively related to majority members’ support for organizational diversity efforts. Together, these findings underline the effectiveness of an all-inclusive multicultural approach towards diversity.