Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliable multicast for control in distributed routers

Growing traffic volumes and demands for new services rapidly increase the requirements imposed on network systems, such as BP routers. We argue that a decentralized modular system design would improve the scalability, flexibility, and reliability of future routers. We have designed and implemented such a distributed router, based on physical separation between control and forwarding elements. One challenge with the design concerns the internal communication between the elements constituting the router. This paper presents performance measurements of different internal transaction mechanisms between the control and forwarding planes. In particular, an existing protocol for reliable multicast has been integrated and evaluated in our experimental prototype. The prototype consists of one control element and up to 16 forwarding elements, interconnected by an internal control network based on Ethernet switches.
Semdrops: A Social Semantic Tagging Approach for Emerging Semantic Data

This paper proposes a collective intelligence strategy for emerging semantic data. It presents a combination of social web practices with semantic web technologies to enrich existing web resources with semantic data. The paper introduces a social semantic tagging approach called Semdrops. Semdrops defines a conceptual model which is an extension of the Gruber's tag model where the tag concept is extended to semantic tag. Semdrops is implemented as a Firefox add-on tool that turns the web browser into a collaborative semantic data editor. To validate Semdrops's approach, we conducted an evaluation and usability studies and compared the results with automatic generation methods of semantic data such as DBpedia. The studies demonstrated that Semdrops is an effective and complementary approach to produce adequate semantic data on the Web.
Meat Quality Characteristics of Small East African Goats and Norwegian Crosses Finished under Small Scale Farming Conditions

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of feeding system on meat quality characteristics of Small East African (SEA) goats and their crosses with Norwegian (SEA×N) goats finished under small scale farming conditions. Twenty four castrated goats at the age of 18 months with live body weight of 16.7±0.54 kg from each breed (SEA and SEA×N) were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2×3 factorial arrangement (two breed, and three dietary treatments). The dietary treatments were; no access to concentrate (T0), 66% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T66) and 100% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance with 20% refusal (T100) and the experimental period was for 84 days. In addition, all goats were allowed to graze for 2 hours daily and later fed grass hay on ad libitum basis. Daily feed intakes were recorded for all 84-days of experiment after which the animals were slaughtered. Feed intake of T100 animals was 536 g/d, which was 183 g/d higher than that of T66 group. Supplemented goats had significantly (p<0.05) better feed conversion efficiency. The SEA had higher (p<0.05) hot carcass weight (8.2 vs 7.9 kg), true dressing percentage (54.5 vs 53.3) and commercial dressing percentage (43.3 vs 41.6) compared to SEA×N. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) for dressing percentage and carcass conformation among supplemented goats except fatness score, total fat depots and carcass fat which increased (p<0.05) with increasing concentrate levels in the diet. Increasing level of concentrate on offer increased meat dry matter with subsequent increase of fat in the meat. Muscle pH of goats fed concentrate declined rapidly and reached below 6 at 6 h post-mortem but temperature remained at 28°C. Cooking loss and meat tenderness improved (p<0.05) and thawing loss increased (p<0.05) with ageing period. Similarly, meat tenderness improved (p<0.05) with concentrate supplementation. Shear force of muscles varied from 36 to 66, the high values been associated with Semimembranosus and Gluteobiceps muscles. The present study demonstrates that there are differences in meat quality characteristics of meat from SEA goats and their crosses with Norwegian breeds finished under small scale farming conditions in rural areas. Therefore, concentrate supplementation of goats of both breeds improves meat quality attributes.
Reionization by Hard Photons. I. X-Rays from the First Star Clusters

Observations of the Lyα forest at z ~ 3 reveal an average metallicity Z ~ 10-2 Z☉. The high-redshift supernovae that polluted the intergalactic medium also accelerated relativistic electrons. Since the energy density of the cosmic microwave background is proportional to (1 + z)4, at high redshift these electrons cool via inverse Compton scattering. Thus, the first star clusters emit X-rays. Unlike stellar UV ionizing photons, these X-rays can escape easily from their host galaxies. This has a number of important physical consequences:
Light and Simple Security Solution for Cold Chain Supervision

Cold chain supervision is essential in our everyday life to ensure healthy fresh and frozen products and distribution of efficient vaccines. A network of sensors attached to the carriers' palettes is investigated in the French CAPTEURS project. In case of cold chain failures, alarms are generated and registered in nearby sensors so any sensor of the same network can report the failure problem. This sensor based solution is price competitive, but for reliability guarantee, for instance, to avoid carriers to hide temperature problems occurring during transportation, it requires introducing few security functions. This paper describes a light and simple security solution that fits the cold chain context and gives feedback on the first tests.
Improving the performance of SIFT and CSLBP for image copy detection

Image copy detection is widely used for many applications such as content based image retrieval, image piracy detection, object retrieval, and near duplicate detection. Local features are mostly used to represent the images in database corpus. Initially, keypoints are detected and represented by some distinctive and robust descriptors. The descriptors are computed from the affine local patches around the keypoints. These patches play vital roles for descriptors performance. The main limitation of state-of-the art descriptors include lack of robustness and distinctiveness under severe image distortions, and local patches around keypoints cannot capture distinctive spatial information and structure context. We propose an effective technique for descriptors computation for image copy detection by adding more spatial information from the vicinity of the keypoints. We show experimentally that the performance for retrieving image copies is improved under severe image distortions and attacks. On average, the robustness of SIFT is increased upto 22% and distinctiveness upto 30% for image copy detection task.
Leukocytes Are Required for Increased Lung Microvascular Permeability after Microembolization in Sheep

We studied the effects of uneven pulmonary artery obstruction by microemboli on steady state transvascular fluid and protein exchange in normal and leukopenic sheep. We measured pulmo- nary artery and left atrial pressures, cardiac output, lung lymph flow, and lymph plasma protein concentrations. Sheep were made profoundly leukopenic by administration of intra-arterial mechlor- ethamine hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg, two doses) and colchicine (0.1-0.2 mg/kg, anesthetized sheep only). In anesthetized sheep, we injected glass beads 200 jum in diameter via the right atrium to raise pulmonary vascular resistance to 2-3 times baseline values. With normal levels of circulating leuko- cytes, sheep developed an increased protein-rich lymph flow from the lung characteristic of increased permeability edema. Leukopenic sheep had a significantly attenuated response after embolization for equivalent degrees of vascular obstruction. In unanesthetized sheep, we continuously infused air bubbles 1 mm in diameter via the right atrium to raise pulmonary vascular resistance to about 2 times baseline values. Each sheep served as its own control. With normal circulating leukocyte levels, there was an increase in protein-rich lymph flow from the lung during embolization. When the air infusion ended, the sheep recovered to the baseline condition in 24 hours. We induced emboli with the same amount of air when the sheep were profoundly leukopenic; lymph and protein flow from the lung were significantly less for equivalent degrees of obstruction. We conclude that circulating leukocytes are essential for the microvascular injury that results in increased permeability in the lungs of sheep after microembolization. Circ Res 48: 344-351, 1981
Data Mining Vs Statistical Techniques for Classification of NSL-KDD Intrusion Data

Intrusion is a kind of malicious attack and is very harmful for individual or for any organization. Due to rapid growing of internet users it has become an important research area Information and network security is becoming an important issue for any organization or individual to protect data and information in their computer network against attacks. In this study two categories of techniques :Statistical techniques and data mining technique ,one methods from each technique is considered for comparative study ,these are decision tree technique C5.0 and support vector machine (SVM) applied on widely used intrusion data i.e. NSL-KDD data set downloaded from UCI repository site. A comparative study shows that C5.0 outperformance SVM in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity error measures. KeywordsSupport Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree Technique, NSL-KDD Data.
Relay Selection and Resource Allocation for Multi-User Cooperative OFDMA Networks

The resource allocation problem is investigated for relay-based multi-user cooperative Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) uplink system, considering heterogeneous services. A quality of service (QoS) aware optimal relay selection, power allocation and subcarrier assignment scheme under a total power constraint is proposed. The relay selection, power allocation and subcarrier assignment problem is formulated as a joint optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the system throughput, which is solved by means of a two level dual decomposition and subgradient method. To further reduce the computational cost, two low-complexity suboptimal schemes are also proposed. The performance of the proposed schemes is demonstrated through computer simulations based on LTE-A network. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes support heterogeneous services while guaranteeing each user's QoS requirements with slight total system throughput degradation.
THE EVOLUTION OF GENERALIZED RECIPROCITY ON SOCIAL INTERACTION NETWORKS

Generalized reciprocity (help anyone, if helped by someone) is a minimal strategy capable of supporting cooperation between unrelated individuals. Its simplicity makes it an attractive model to explain the evolution of reciprocal altruism in animals that lack the information or cognitive skills needed for other types of reciprocity. Yet, generalized reciprocity is anonymous and thus defenseless against exploitation by defectors. Recognizing that animals hardly ever interact randomly, we investigate whether social network structure can mitigate this vulnerability. Our results show that heterogeneous interaction patterns strongly support the evolution of generalized reciprocity. The future probability of being rewarded for an altruistic act is inversely proportional to the average connectivity of the social network when cooperators are rare. Accordingly, sparse networks are conducive to the invasion of reciprocal altruism. Moreover, the evolutionary stability of cooperation is enhanced by a modular network structure. Communities of reciprocal altruists are protected against exploitation, because modularity increases the mean access time, that is, the average number of steps that it takes for a random walk on the network to reach a defector. Sparseness and community structure are characteristic properties of vertebrate social interaction patterns, as illustrated by network data from natural populations ranging from fish to primates.
Cardiac Arrest in the Or: How Are Our M a « M

Purpose: While advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training is widely available, it is not mandatory for all anaesthetists. We hypothesised that adherence to ACLS guidelines during resuscitation of ventricular fibrillation (VFib) as assessed in a simulator environment would be poor by anaesthetists not trained in ACLS compared with those who had received training. Methods: With approval by the ethics review board, 89 subjects participated in the study. The simulation system consisted of a computer controlled mannequin with lifelike qualities set in a mock operating room. Each subject was given a test scenario that contained several standard anaesthetic problems. A VFib cardiac arrest occurred after approximately one hour into the simulation. A perfect score (score = A) defined complete compliance with the ACLS guidelines, whereas minor deviations (score = B) included changes in energy levels, drug doses or treatment order. The failure to discontinue the anaesthetic, defibrillate or administer epinephrine were considered major deviations (score = C). Results: Eight subjects followed the ACLS guidelines (9%, score = A), while 27 subjects showed minor (30%, score = B) and 54 subjects major deviations (61%, score = C). Sixty-two of the 89 participants (70%) had taken the ACLS course and achieved higher scores than did anaesthetists without such training (P < 0.05). Forty-two participants (47%) did not discontinue the anaesthetic, 10(1 I %) never gave epinephrine and 5 (6%) never used the defibrillator. Conclusion: Adherence to ACLS guidelines was poor. A greater proportion of subjects without previous ACLS training had deviations from protocol than did subjects who had received training. We need to consider ways to ensure that anaesthetists obtain and retain resuscitation skills according to ACLS guidelines. Objectif: Bien que la formation en soins avances de reanimation cardio-respiratoire softtres disponible, elle n'est pas obligatoire pour tous les anesthesistes. Notre hypothese est que le respect des recommandations de I'ACLS durant la ^animation d'une fibrillation ventriculaire (Vfib), tel qu'evalue dans un environnement de simulateur, serait pauvre chez des anesthesistes n'ayant pas regu la formation de I'ACLS comparativement a ceux ayant regu cette formation. Methode : Apres approbation du comite d'ethique, 89 sujets ont participe a I'etude. Le systeme de simulation con-sistait en un mannequin controle par ordinateur pr6sentant des caracteristiques d'un etre vivant place dans un d£cor de salle d'operation. Chaque sujet etart soumis a un scenario contenant plusieurs problemes anesthesiques courants. Apres environ I heure de simulation, un arret cardiaque par fibrillation ventriculaire …
Results of a search for faint galaxies in voids.

We present the results of a search for intrinsically faint galaxies towards three regions with known voids and the Hercules supercluster. The intention was to identify galaxies of low luminosity in order to nd possibly a galaxy population in the voids. Within these selected elds we increased the range of observations in comparison with the recent large eld surveys which revealed the non-uniform spatial distribution of galaxies. The limiting magnitude was raised by about 5magn. , the limit- ing surface brightness by 2mag/2 00 , and the limiting diameter reduced to less than 1/3. The individual observational data of our sample are published in the previous PaperI (Hopp et al. 1995) which describes our search strategy and contains B and R magnitudes, apparent diameters, redshifts and galaxy types of about 200 newly identied objects. Their luminosity distri- bution demonstrates a relatively high percentage of dwarsh galaxies. As the essential result of our survey we have to point out that no clear indication of a void-population was found. The majority of our objects lie outside voids in regions where the already known galaxies are concentrated. Some are located in the middle or near the edges of voids. They appear to be rather isolated, their distances to the nearest neighbour are quite large. Only few of our objects seem to be real void galaxies. Even in the three nearest and rather well dened voids we do not nd any hitherto unknown galaxy.
Problem Statement 1 — April 9 Profesor :

An important problem in robotics is searching for a target point in an unknown polygonal region [5]. In this problem, a robot with vision is placed at a starting point s in a polygon and must traverse a path to some target point t in the polygon. The robot has no prior information about the geometry of the polygon or the location of the target, however, the robot will recognize the target when it sees it (a robot at x can see y if the segment xy is completely contained in the polygon P ). In the worse case, a search performed by the robot can be arbitrarily inefficient compare to the shortest path from s, but strategies can be proposed depending on the type of polygon.
Experiments on Domain Adaptation for English–Hindi SMT

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems are usually trained on large amounts of bilingual text and monolingual target language text. If a significant amount of out-of-domain data is added to the training data, the quality of translation can drop. On the other hand, training an SMT system on a small amount of training material for given in- domain data leads to narrow lexical coverage which again results in a low translation quality. In this paper, (i) we explore domain-adaptation techniques to combine large out-of-domain training data with small-scale in-domain training data for English—Hindi statistical machine translation and (ii) we cluster large out-of-domain training data to extract sentences similar to in-domain sentences and apply adaptation techniques to combine clustered sub-corpora with in-domain training data into a unified framework, achieving a 0.44 absolute corresponding to a 4.03% relative improvement in terms of BLEU over the baseline.
Wildlife Damage Management , Internet Center for April 1995 FERAL HOGS IN THE ROLLING PLAINS OF TEXAS : PERSPECTIVES , PROBLEMS , AND POTENTIAL

Feral hogs (Sus scrofa) have expanded their territory in Texas and are now found in all but the extreme western portions of the state. Perhaps the most dramatic expansion has occurred in the Rolling Plains of northwest Texas. Perspectives on feral hogs range from definitely for to adamantly against. Problems encountered with feral hogs include: (1) damage to crops and livestock, or facilities and equipment, (2) transmission of disease to humans and livestock, or (3) interaction with native wildlife including competition for available resources, depredation and destruction of habitat. The feral hog is also an animal with economic potential. Revenue can be generated by selling or hunting them. Is the feral hog an ecological unknown, an economic liability, or an under-utilized asset? The answer remains to be determined and may depend upon one's individual perspective. Pages 124-128 in R.E. Masters and J.G. Huggins, eds. Twelfth Great Plains Wildl. Damage Control Workshop Proc, Published by Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Okla.
Gibbs states of graphical representations of the Potts model with external fields

We consider the ferromagnetic q-state Potts model, with each of the q spin values coupled to an external field. We also introduce a generalized random cluster model, which includes both the Potts model in arbitrary homogeneous external fields and the noninteger q random cluster model as special cases. We establish the FKG property, the finite energy condition, uniqueness of the infinite cluster, and Gibbsianness of limit states for this generalized model. Furthermore, we develop the theory of Gibbs states for the Edwards–Sokal representation of the Potts model in a field, and relate the phase structure in this representation to those in the spin and random cluster representations. Finally, we characterize the possible color(s) of the infinite cluster(s) and show that the correspondence between Edwards–Sokal Gibbs states and their random cluster marginals is bijective, once the color of the infinite cluster is fixed.
Agent-Based Training of Distributed Command and Control Teams

We developed and tested a partner agent for training distributed teams on a DDD/AWACS simulation. We compared 3 conditions that were identical on test trials but differed on practice trials, which had either human partners, agent partners, or no partners (control). Each condition had 20 four-member teams who trained for about 8 hrs each. Relative to the control condition, practicing with human partners and agent partners afforded about the same substantial advantage. Comparisons with formative testing suggested that the advantage of the agent partner depended on the agent responding quickly and adaptively to trainee demands. The results extended the foundation for developing and testing agent-based training in operational settings.
Detection and tracking of dynamic objects using 3D laser range sensor on a mobile platform

In this paper we present an algorithm for detection, extraction and tracking of moving objects using a 3D laser range sensor. First, ground extraction is performed using random sample consensus for model parameter estimation. Afterwards, to downsample the point cloud, a voxel grid filtering is executed and octree data structure is used. This data structure enables an efficient detection of differences between two consecutive point clouds, based on which clustering of dynamic parts of the cloud is performed. The obtained clusters are then expanded over the set of static voxels in order to cover entire objects. In order to account for ego-motion an iterative closest point registration technique with an initial transformation guess obtained by odometry of the platform is used. As the final step, we present a tracking algorithm based on joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) filter with variable process and measurement noise taking into account velocity and position of the tracked objects. However, JPDA filter assumes a constant and known number of objects in the scene, and therefore we use track management based on entropy. Experiments are performed using a setup consisting of a Velodyne HDL-32E mounted on top of a mobile platform in order to verify the developed algorithms.
Do Inventory and Gross Margin Data Improve Sales Forecasts for U.S. Public Retailers?

Firm-level sales forecasts for retailers can be improved if we incorporate cost of goods sold, inventory, and gross margin (defined by us as the ratio of sales to cost of goods sold) as three endogenous variables. We construct a simultaneous equations model, estimated using public financial and nonfinancial data, to provide joint forecasts of annual cost of goods sold, inventory, and gross margin for retailers using historical data. We show that sales forecasts from this model are more accurate than consensus forecasts from equity analysts. Further, the residuals from this model for one fiscal year are used to predict retailers for whom the relative advantage of model forecasts over consensus forecasts would be large in the next fiscal year. Our results show that historical inventory and gross margin contain information useful to forecast sales, and that equity analysts do not fully utilize this information in their sales forecasts.