Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of analytical models for predicting electromagnetic performance in surface-mounted permanent magnet machines

The paper compares four analytical models, viz. relative permeance (RP), complex permeance (CP), subdomain (SD) based on single slot/pole and exact SD, for predicting electromagnetic performance of surface-mounted permanent magnet brushless machines. The RP model is simple, takes less computational time for predicting electromagnetic torque although modification is often required to account for fringing effect. All analytical models predict the back-EMF and electromagnetic torque with high accuracy. The error in flux density associated with the CP model has less influence on electromagnetic torque but results in large error in cogging torque. As for the torque ripple excluding cogging torque, both SD models have similar waveforms and tend to underestimate, while RP and CP models tend to overestimate. Overall the SD models are most accurate for predicting the electromagnetic performance although much time consuming for computation.
3D reconstruction of a single tree from terrestrial LiDAR data

Terrestrial LiDAR systems have received lots of attention on three-dimensional (3D) structure reconstruction for trees, especially on the branches skeleton generation. On this basis, a method is proposed to add leaves structures based on point density by dividing small cube in the canopy to reduce the influence of uneven distribution of point cloud, combining gap fraction model to retrieve leaf area of a tree using terrestrial LiDAR data. It is successfully applied to reconstruct 3D trees using points data simulated by ray tracing algorithm as well as field measured points data. The relative error of leaf area between reconstructed and real structure is less than 0.9%. Meanwhile, the most relative error of directional gap fraction is also less than 4.1%. The experimental results prove that the method has gotten a satisfied consistency on visual sense and quantitative evaluation between the 3D structure reconstructed and real structure.
A Power Comparison of Robust Test Statistics Based On Adaptive Estimators

Seven test statistics known to be robust to the combined effects of nonnormality and variance heterogeneity were compared for their sensitivity to detect treatment effects in a one-way completely randomized design containing four groups. The six Welch-James-type heteroscedastic tests adopted either symmetric or asymmetric trimmed means, were transformed for skewness, and used a bootstrap method to assess statistical significance. The remaining test, due to Wilcox and Keselman (2003), used a modification of the well-known one-step M-estimator of central tendency rather than trimmed means. The Welch-James-type test is recommended because for nonnormal data likely to be encountered in applied research settings it should be more powerful than the test presented by Wilcox and Keselman. However, the reverse is true for data that are extremely nonnormal.
Comparison of neural elements in sexually dimorphic segments of the grasshopper, Schistocerca americana

A uniquely female behavior in grasshoppers, oviposition, is driven by neural circuitry in the terminal abdominal segments of the female's central nervous system. Because it is known that the embryonic pattern of neuroblasts is sexually monomorphic in these animals, we were interested to know how the central nervous system of adults is organized to support the obvious behavioral dimorphism. Here, we compare three classes of identifiable adult neurons: ovipositor motor neurons, efferent dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, and DUM interneurons in the eighth abdominal neuromere. Cobalt backfills of the eighth tergal nerves revealed identical complements of motor neurons in males and females. Included among these neurons in the male were putative homologues of two sets of ovipositor muscle motor neurons. Whereas these motor neurons supply two ovipositor muscles in the female, they are divided to supply three muscles in males. The eighth abdominal neuromere of both sexes contained seven efferent DUM neurons, but peripheral axon projections varied between males and females in accordance with gender‐specific targets. In the eighth neuromere of females, some 22 small cell bodies of DUM interneurons were stained with Toluidine blue, whereas only three male DUM interneurons were found. Male muscle homologues were induced to express a rhythmical motor pattern by experimental methods that activate the oviposition pattern in females. The induced pattern in males is of unknown behavioral significance. Although oviposition normally occurs only after sexual maturity, the motor pattern could be activated at all life stages in females, including embryos, as early as 90% of embryonic development. J. Comp. Neurol. 394:14–28, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crises and recovery in emerging markets: 'Phoenix miracles' or endogenous growth?

In recent crises in emerging markets, currency devaluation and associated balance sheet effects have played a key role. Does this call for a new paradigm? After a comprehensive survey of many crisis episodes - including the US Great Depression Calvo and colleagues from IDB offer the paradigm of a ‘Phoenix Miracle’. It is a static, supply-side account where factor productivity falls in recession and rises promptly thereafter. By contrast, we argue here that the real miracle in East Asia is economic growth. This can be rudely interrupted by external shocks: but then it restarts at a lower level of trend GDP. We show this in a simple model of endogenous growth, where investment is disturbed by balance sheet effects. Heterogeneity of production implies that both supply and demand effects are relevant as in New-Keynesian paradigm for monetary policy proposed by Stiglitz and Greenwald, where monetary contraction affects both supply (of traded goods) and demand (for non-traded goods); and in the dynamic general equilibrium approach of Cook and Devereux (2006).
Demon registration of OCT and histology images through edge orientation-weighted modality transformation

Registration between histology and ex-vivo OCT can help in many clinical applications including identifying surgical margin in a tumour tissue during intra-operative pathological diagnosis, quantifying features in OCT for diagnosis and reduction of tissue processing time. In this paper, we present a framework for non-rigid registration between Histology and ex-vivo full field OCT images. The proposed framework consists of a two-stage registration process. The first step consists of large-scale misalignment correction while also establishing the match between OCT and one of the several histology tissue samples based on iterative closest point of prominent edge points. The second step consists of Demon registration based on modality transformation. A modification to modality transformation [1] which preserves the sharpness of the edges in the resultant transformation is also suggested here. This is seen to help in faster convergence of demon registration.
Modeling and Simulation of Complex Maintenance System Dynamics

Equipment maintenance system is naturally a complex dynamical system. The effective maintenance management must be based on the knowledge of the system's intrinsic dynamics. This paper analyzes the basic structure and elements of maintenance system for complex multi-components equipment. The maintenance system is considered as a dynamic system whose behavior is influenced by its structure's feedback and interaction, and available resources. Building the dynamical model with Simulink, we show some results about the maintenance system's nonlinear dynamics, which are never given by stochastic process methods. The model can be used for understanding and determining maintenance system behaviors, towards which operational adjustments of maintenance infrastructure, precise prediction of maintenance requirements and timely supply of maintenance resources can be made in a more informed way.
Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Government Consumption Expenditures of Pakistan

This study has investigated the trade openness impact on the government consumption expenditures of the Pakistan. This has utilized Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for statistical analysis. The results show that increase in trade liberalization leads to increase in the government consumption expenditures and proves the Rodrik (1998) and Cemaron (1978) compensation hypothesis in Pakistan. This result concludes that Pakistan government consumption expenditures reduce volatility and risks which creates through the trade liberalization.
Characteristics and hedonic pricing of differentiated beef demands

We estimate a CBS system model of U.S. derived demand for meat. We use this model (1) to examine relationships between three quality categories of beef and three other meats and (2) to simulate how taste shifts have affected demands for meats over time. We extend previous studies by disaggregating wholesale beef production into three quality categories: (1) USDA Choice grade or higher, (2) USDA Select or lower, and (3) cow and bull beef. Innovative features of our empirical model include a breakout of 'table cuts' into Choice and Select and the use of a hedonic characterization of the two breakouts to value "Choice-ness" and "beef-ness. " Our model demonstrates important shifts in separate demands for Choice and Select beef. We show that, separately, the demand for Choice-grade beef declined in the 1980s and 1990s and the demand for Select beef increased, a departure from the relatively stable demand characterizations of more aggregated measures of combined Choice and Select beef. Copyright 2007 International Association of Agricultural Economists.
Issues related to implementing quality cost programmes

In spite of the significant contribution of quality cost programmes in product and service quality, there seems to be no convergence among academics and practitioners on the scope, variability and effectiveness of these programmes. This paper attempts to analyse various issues on quality cost programmes and presents a comprehensive view through a rigorous search of the literature. The issues such as the needs for quality cost programmes, ways to initiate a programme, steps in implementation, measurement bases for quality costs, relationships between quality cost components, role of accounting systems and professionals, etc. are discussed. A number of gaps are identified from the literature and suggestions are made on further research.
Net Worth of the Household Sector, 1970 to 2012: A Canada-United States Comparison

This report compares household net worth per capita in Canada and the United States from 1970 to 2012, using data from the Canadian National Balance Sheet Accounts and the Flow of Funds Accounts published by the U.S. Federal Reserve. Three approaches are adopted. The first makes a level comparison using values adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP). The second uses ratios of real net worth per capita and net worth relative to disposable income. The third decomposes the growth of the ratio of net worth to disposable income. Together, these approaches provide mutually re-enforcing results that are more robust than what could be derived from any one approach in isolation.
Studies on the Relationship between Social Security and Regional Economy Coordinated Development

Act as the soft power for coordinated development of regional economies, a sound social security system can effectively adjust the regional economy structures, minimize the disparities and coordinate the development, so as to realize the stability of social progress. According to the status quo of domestic regional economies, this essay discusses the relationship between the social security system and regional economies coordinated development, and the model of simple linear regression is also built. By empirical analysis to the development situation of social security and coordinated development of regional economies in Jiangxi province in 2001 to 2011, it can be found that the former effectively promotes the later to a certain extent and provides theoretical basis and practical guidance to the government. Related suggestions to the development in the perspective of social security are also offered.
Audit system: Concepts and practices

With the introduction of ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 registration schemes in the past decade and a half, the application of quality and environmental audits has soared. Namely, the audits are used to verify compliance of quality and environmental management systems with the ISO standards. However, concerns have been raised in recent years about the usefulness of such an application for continuous business improvement, inconsistencies of audit processes and results, and the value of compliance audits in understanding complexities of business systems. In order to address concerns of a like kind, this paper advocates the implementation of the systems approach in auditing. The purpose is twofold. Firstly, it is to illustrate how various interrelationships among audit elements essentially form a unique, underlying, integrated and generic audit system. Secondly, the paper addresses the advantages of using the systems approach in auditing. This includes a more dynamic and adaptive audit, harmonization and integration of discipline-specific audits and corresponding audit guidelines, as well as a sound conceptualization of audit quality, reliability and maintainability.
Best Practices of High-Performing Employees: Rewards and Performance in a Balanced Scorecard Environment

The balanced scorecard captures strategically relevant performance measures used as part of a per-formance evaluation system. These systems often include financial and nonfinancial rewards intended to motivate employees to take actions aligned with corporate strategy. Yet recent literature finds that rewards can have the opposite of intended effects. We consider the best practices of high-performing banking employees in the context of a balanced scorecard system that provides financial and nonfinan-cial rewards for performance. Further, we consider the strategic, contextual environment in which these institutions compete. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The potential for environmental management accounting development in China

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the extent to which Chinese businesses are ready for Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) development as a means to help address ongoing tensions between economic growth and environmental degradation. Design/methodology/approach – Case studies were conducted in three large manufacturing companies in the Central China region. Data gathering included 34 interviews with managers at different levels and departments in these companies. Findings – Through the institutional lens of EMA development, it was found that coercive and cognitive institutions have helped build the potential for EMA development. Coercive institutions encouraging corporate EMA development are manifested through increasing regulatory pressure for environmental management and reporting and increasing pressure for compliance under certified environmental management systems. Cognitive pressures are mainly from the perceived need for cognition by international supply chain alliances. Results also revea.
Effect of minerals on staphylococcal enterotoxin B production

Raising the magnesium level from 0.4 to 1.5 mM in a medium containing only amino acids (2.08%), salts, and vitamins increased enterotoxin B production by Staphylococcus aureus S-6 by about 80%. The level of phosphates in the medium was lowered to one-tenth (to 2.87 mM) the original amount without adversely affecting growth and enterotoxin production. The optimum level of potassium was between 15 and 45 mM. Ammonium salts were not essential in the amino acid medium. Sufficient quantities of trace metals were already present. Revising the salt mixture according to the information obtained resulted in a doubling of the enterotoxin B production.
End of Consensus? The European Leadership Discourse of the Second Merkel Government during the Eurozone Crisis and Its Contestation in Debates of the Bundestag (2009−13)

This article investigates the political discourse on the resolution of the Eurozone of the second Merkel government and its political contestation in plenary debates of the Bundestag. The empirical part demonstrates the high relevance of normative arguments in the debate, both for the case made by the government parties for a Stability Union and related concepts of austerity and economic reform, and for the competing discourse by the opposition parties for investment and debt mutualisation in the Eurozone. Moreover, the analysis reveals that a strong value- and identity-based commitment to European integration continues to be supported by all political parties in the Bundestag. To conclude, the final section discusses party political and institutional factors to explain why the political contestation of the European leadership by the Merkel government in the Bundestag played only a very limited role at the federal election in September 2013.
Difference in Stability Between Edge and Center in a Rutherford Cable

Keystoned superconducting Rutherford cables are widely used in accelerator magnets like in the LHC at CERN. An essential requirement in the cable design is its stability against local heat releases in the magnet windings originating from for example, strand movement or beam loss. Beam loss is the highest at the coil inner radius of the magnet, where also the magnetic field peaks. Also the local compaction of the cable is maximum here and hence the helium content minimum. When performing stability measurements on several superconducting Nb-Ti cables used in LHC dipole and quadrupole magnets, we observed that the stability against point-like heat disturbances is much worse very close to the cable edges as compared to the central part of the cable. The main reason is related to the geometry of the cable causing variation of many parameters across the cable width, like inter-strand electrical resistance, inter-strand heat conductivity, cooled strand surfaces and RRR. In this paper we show results of new stability experiments and thoroughly compare the data with results obtained with the numerical network model CUDI, which is updated for stability simulations.
Linguistic descriptors and fuzzy sets in face recognition realized by humans

In this study, we present a new approach to the face retrieval and face classification problem, which exploits available expert's knowledge and introduces a novel way of describing facial features. These features are described by manually assigned weights corresponding to membership grades with respect to the linguistic descriptors such as short, medium, or long. In the series of experiments, we also use weights produced by the Analytic Hierarchy Process aimed at producing saliences of facial cues. We identify a group of the most essential facial features.
Disclosure of fees paid to auditors and the market valuation of earnings surprises

We investigate if the SEC’s recently mandated disclosure of fees for audit and nonaudit services paid by firms to their incumbent auditors affected the market’s perception of auditor independence and earnings quality. Following the initial fee disclosures in 2001, we find that the market valuation of quarterly earnings surprises (earnings response coefficient) was significantly lower for firms with high levels of nonaudit fees than for firms with low levels of such fees. In contrast, in the year prior to the new fee disclosures, there was no reduction in earnings response coefficients for firms that subsequently reported high nonaudit fees. Our evidence suggests that mandated fee disclosures provided new information that was viewed by the market as relevant to appraising auditor independence and earnings quality.
Crises, scenarios and the strategic management process

Purpose – The aim of this exploratory paper is to consider the strategic importance of crisis management and integration of crisis planning with the organisation's strategy processes, in particular the utilisation of scenario planning as a crisis planning activity.Design/methodology/approach – A review of the crisis management literature was undertaken and key issues identified, subsequently strategic aspects of crisis management were developed in the context of scenario planning.Findings – The paper contains a discussion of major factors related to a strategic approach to crisis management and a more proactive approach to building relationships with the media. Particular attention should be given to the roles and responses of the media and agencies acting on behalf of the company, as both should been treated in the same way as other relatively powerful stakeholders. The authors suggest that firms can obtain significant advantages through proactive preparation for major relevant contingencies, and its inc.
Endogenizing long-term contracts in gas market models

Up to now, the European natural gas trade was dominated by bilateral long-term upstream agreements between producers and midstreamers that fixed a minimum volume to be exchanged (Take Or Pay) and a price formula that was usually indexed on oil products prices. These arrangements were believed to allow: i) market risk sharing between the producer (who takes the price risk) and the midstreamer (who takes the volume risk) as well as ii) risk hedging since oil is considered as a trusted commodity by investors. The fall of the European demand combined with the increase of the oil price favored the emergence of a gas volume bubble that caused net losses for most of the European midstreamers who were bound by long-term agreements. As a result, some energy economists brought forward the idea of indexing contracts on gas spot prices. In this paper, we present an equilibrium model that endogenously captures the contracting behavior of both the producer and the midstreamer who strive to hedge their profit-related risk. The players choose between gas forward and oil-indexed contracts. Using the model we show that i) contracting can reduce the trade risk of both the producer and midstreamer, ii) oil-indexed contracts should be signed only when oil and gas spot prices are well correlated, otherwise, these contracts hold less interest for risk mitigation, iii) contracts are more needed when the upstream cost structure is CAPEX driven and iv) a too risk-averse behavior of the midstreamer might deprive upstream investments and the downstream consumer surplus.