Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Norway by gender and anatomic site: an age–period–cohort analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine the secular trend of colorectal cancer in Norway by gender and subsite. All new cases of cancer in proximal colon, distal colon and rectum diagnosed between 1958 and 1997 in Norway were included in the study, altogether 34 202 and 34 097 cases for men and women, respectively. The incidence data were fitted separately for each gender and subsite to an age–period–cohort model. An increase in incidence of colorectal cancer was seen from 1958 to 1997 for both men and women, although a moderate attenuation of the increase has taken place in the last 15–20 years. This observation is most pronounced for cancer of the distal colon, but is also evident for proximal colonic and rectal cancers. For the distal colon and rectum, the period effect is more important than the cohort effect for both genders, whilst opposite for the proximal colon. The main estimated trend for cohort effects is a steady increase for both men and women, apart from an unexpected drop in incidence among the cohorts born during or shortly after World War II. These findings indicate that different aetiological risk factors may act on cancers of the proximal and distal part of the large bowel and further suggest that exogenous risk factors acting very early in life may play a more important role for colorectal cancer than previously recognized.
Core–periphery models for graphs based on their δ-hyperbolicity: An example using biological networks

Hyperbolicity is a global property of graphs that measures how close their structures are to trees in terms of their distances. It embeds multiple properties that facilitate solving several problems that found to be hard in the general graph form. In this paper, we investigate the hyperbolicity of graphs not only by considering Gromov’s notion of δ-hyperbolicity but also by analyzing its relationship to other graph’s parameters. This new perspective allows us to classify graphs with respect to their hyperbolicity and to show that many biological networks are hyperbolic. Then we introduce the eccentricity-based bending property which we exploit to identify the core vertices of a graph by proposing two models: the maximum-peak model and the minimum cover set model. In this extended version of the paper, we include some new theorems, as well as proofs of the theorems proposed in the conference paper. Also, we present the algorithms we used for each of the proposed core identification models, and we provide more analysis, explanations, and examples.
Risk and outcomes of aortic valve endocarditis among patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves

Objective Patients with structural abnormalities of cardiac valves, including bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), are said to be at higher risk of infective endocarditis (IE). We sought to determine the risk of IE of the BAV compared with the tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and to determine the risk of aortic valve replacement and mortality after IE. Methods From medical records of two US and one Italian hospitals, patients with their first episode of IE of any native valve were identified. In the US cohort 42 patients with BAV and 393 patients with TAV with IE occurring between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2014 were identified. In the Italian cohort 48 patients with BAV and 341 patients with TAV with IE underwent valve replacement surgery between 1 January 2000 and1 November 2015. The risk of IE for BAV and TAV and subsequent outcomes were determined after matching to patients without IE. Results After adjustment for risk factors, the risk of IE in the US cohort was 23.1 (95% CI 8.1 to 100, p <0.0001) times greater for BAV than TAV. Patients with BAV with IE were more likely to have an aortic root abscess. Within the subsequent 5 years, BAV patients with IE were more likely to undergo valve replacement (85%) than TAV patients with IE (46%). Patients with IE were at increased risk of death. The findings were similar in the Italian cohort. Conclusions Patients with BAV are at markedly increased risk of IE and aortic root abscess than patients with TAV. Increased risk of IE in patients with BAV indicates they may be a candidate group for long-term trials of antibiotic prophylaxis of IE.
DNA Repair, Cancer and Cancer Therapy - The Current State of Art

Over the past decades, great advances have been made in understanding the cellular DNA repair pathways. At the same time, a wealth of descriptive knowledge of human diseases has been accumulated. Now, the basic research of the mechanisms of DNA repair is merging with clinical research, placing the action of the DNA repair pathways in the context of the whole organism. Such integrative approach enables understanding of the disease mechanisms and is invaluable in improving diagnostics and prevention, as well as designing better therapies. This book highlights the central role of DNA repair in human health and well-being. The reviews presented here, contain detailed descriptions of DNA repair pathways, as well as analysis of a large body of evidence addressing links between DNA damage repair and human health. They will be of interest to a broad audience, from molecular biologists working on DNA repair in any model system, to medical researchers.
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental nos transtornos alimentares: uma abordagem familiar para intervenção em crise

Os transtornos alimentares sao caracterizados por uma grave perturbacao do comportamento alimentar, acompanhada por distorcao da imagem corporal, com consequencias clinicas e emocionais tanto para a pessoa que sofre deste transtorno quanto para seus familiares. A terapia familiar e uma das indicacoes para o tratamento dos transtornos alimentares, uma vez que os conflitos familiares ou sao causadores destes transtornos ou consequencias dos mesmos. O objetivo deste artigo e a descricao de um plano de tratamento familiar para tais pacientes, seguindo o modelo de terapia cognitivo-comportamental. A terapia de familia e um recurso terapeutico com o objetivo central de melhorar as relacoes e conflitos existentes, promovendo, deste modo, a melhora do prognostico do transtorno alimentar.
Theory of Mind en taalvaardigheden: Samenhang met sociaal gedrag bij kinderen met een autisme spectrum stoornis?

Volgens de huidige literatuur wordt verondersteld dat kinderen met stoornissen uit het Autistisch Spectrum (ASS) en verstoorde ontwikkeling van taal en Theory of Mind hebben (ToM). In dit onderzoek is gekeken of taal en ToM samenhangen met een gebrekkige sociaal (wederkerig) gedrag, een criteria van ASS (DSM-IV-TR). Er is weinig informatie beschikbaar over hoe de criteria gedefinieerd in de DSM in relatie staan tot factoren als ToM en taal. ToM is in dit onderzoek gemeten met de SCVT, de taalvaardigheden met de CELF “Complexe Taalproductie”, CELF “Woordassociaties” en WISC “Woordassociaties”. Het sociaal gedrag is gemeten met de ADI-R. Er participeerden 35 kinderen tussen de 8 en 15 jaar gediagnosticeerd met ASS. De controle groep bestond uit 85 kinderen tussen de 9 en 14 jaar. De resultaten van dit onderzoek toonden aan dat kinderen met ASS een gestoorde ontwikkeling van ToM en taal hebben. Tegen de verwachtingen in hadden ToM en taal geen samenhang met het sociaal gedrag. Een mogelijke verklaring hiervoor is dat ToM gemeten met de SCVT niet altijd generaliseerbaar is naar het dagelijks leven. Daarnaast kunnen de taalvaardigheden van kinderen zich anders uiten in een testsetting in vergelijking met de alledaagse praktijk. Als laatste dient er ook rekening gehouden te worden met de psychometrische eigenschappen van de ADI-R, die wellicht een verband aantonen bemoeilijken.
Estimación del Tamaño Funcional en la Elicitación de Requerimientos

Resumen. Disponer de la medicion temprana del tamano del software permite estimar costos y esfuerzo asi como planificar la agenda de desarrollo. En trabajos previos se presento un enfoque que aplica el Analisis de Puntos Funcion a los Escenarios derivados del Lexico Extendido del Lenguaje. En el proceso de validacion de esa propuesta se aplicaron tecnicas estadisticas sobre un subconjunto de los datos obtenidos de la medicion de varios casos de estudio. En este articulo se presentan el analisis de regresion lineal que permitio establecer un modelo de estimacion del tamano funcional de un conjunto de escenarios y la comprobacion de la validez del modelo. Los resultados son alentadores en cuanto a la factibilidad del modelo y sus posibles refinamientos posteriores.
Games and definability for system F

We develop a game-theoretic model of the polymorphic /spl lambda/-calculus, system F, as a fibred category F. Our main result is that every morphism /spl sigma/ of the model defines a normal form s/sub /spl sigma// of system F, whose interpretation is /spl sigma/. Thus the model gives a precise, non-syntactic account of the calculus.
Stream Data Classification Using Improved Fisher Discriminate Analysis

A modified Fisher discriminate analysis method for classifying stream data is presented. To satisfy the realtime demand in classifying stream data, this method defines a new criterion for Fisher discriminate analysis. Since the new criterion requires less computation and memory space, it is much faster and more suitable for online processing in stream data environment. It can overcome the problem of singular within-class scatter matrix in traditional FDA. Our algorithm speeds up the mining process while maintaining the high classification accuracy and capturing the up-todate trends in the stream. Experiments on real and synthetic data sets show that our algorithm can improve the classification accuracy and speed for stream data classification.
Evolutionary-based feature construction with substitution for data summarization using DARA

The representation of input data set is important for learning task. In data summarization, the representation of the multi-instances stored in non-target tables that have many-to-one relationship with record stored in target table influences the descriptive accuracy of the summarized data. If the summarized data is fed into a classifier as one of the input features, the predictive accuracy of the classifier will also be affected. This paper proposes an evolutionary-based feature construction approach namely Fixed-Length Feature Construction with Substitution (FLFCWS) to address the problem by means of optimizing the feature construction for relational data summarization. This approach allows initial features to be used more than once in constructing newly constructed features. This is performed in order to exploit all possible interactions among attributes which involves an application of genetic algorithm to find a relevant set of features. The constructed features will be used to generate relevant patterns that characterize non-target records associated to the target record as an input representation for data summarization process. Several feature scoring measures are used as fitness function to find the best set of constructed features. The experimental results show that there is an improvement of predictive accuracy for classifying data summarized based on FLFCWS approach which indirectly improves the descriptive accuracy of the summarized data. It shows that FLFCWS approach can generate promising set of constructed features to describe the characteristics of non-target records for data summarization.
Multi-Threshold based Scheduling for Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems

Problem statement: Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO) system had eventually used in 4th generation wireless networks either to achieved diversity gain or multiplexing gain. Many recent scheduling addresses the threshold based resource allocation where in resource were not utilized properly. Approach: In this study a new Multi Threshold Based Channel Aware Scheduling (MTCAS) was proposed for performance improvement and proper resource utilization. This approach was projected for multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) system under Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) transmission. The goal of this scheduler was to offer improved performance in terms of a low Bit Error Rate (BER), high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), high average capacity and service fairness among the users. This scheme allows the set of users to send data based on their channel quality. Results: Simulation compares this scheduler performance with other scheduling schemes such as Fair Scheduling (FS), Normalized Priority Scheduling (NPS) and Threshold based Fair Scheduling (TFS). Conclusion: The obtained results prove that MTCAS has significant improvement in average bit error rate performance as compared to the other scheduling schemes.
Generational Differences in Use of Social Media in Today's Workplace *

This study examined the use of social media at work. Undergraduate students and professors were surveyed to try to find a generational relationship between the younger generation’s view of using sites such as Facebook while working and how some participants from an older generation perceived it. We also examined the effects of Facebook outside of work and whether or not postings made there could jeopardize a position at work. The results from our survey and research conclude that social media is an increasing problem because it serves as a distraction and predict that with increasing individual use of social media it will become more of a problem at work if it is not properly managed by the employer.
Can observations of earthquake scaling constrain slip weakening

SUMMARY We use observations of earthquake source parameters over a wide magnitude range (M W ∼ 0‐7) to place constraints on constitutive fault weakening. The data suggest a scale dependence of apparent stress and stress drop; both may increase slightly with earthquake size. We show that this scale dependence need not imply any difference in fault zone properties for different sized earthquakes. We select 30 earthquakes well-recorded at 2.5 km depth at Cajon Pass, California. We use individual and empirical Green’s function spectral analysis to improve the resolution of source parameters, including static stress drop (�σ ) and total slip (S). We also measure radiated energy E S . W ecompare the Cajon Pass results with those from larger California earthquakes including aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge earthquake and confirm the results of Abercrombie (1995): µE S/M 0 � �σ (where µ = rigidity) and both E S/M 0 and �σ increase as M 0 (and S) increases. Uncertainties remain large due to model assumptions and variations between possible models, and earthquake scale independence is possible within the resolution. Assuming that the average trends are real, we define a quantity G � = (�σ − 2µES/M 0)S/ 2w hich is the total energy dissipation in friction and fracture minus σ 1 S ,w here σ 1 is the final static stress. If σ 1 = σ d, the dynamic shear strength during the last increments of seismic slip, then G � = G, the fracture energy in a slip-weakening interpretation of dissipation.
Sunitinib in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Progression under Sorafenib Treatment

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sunitinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after progression under sorafenib treatment. Methods: Sunitinib was administered at 37.5 mg daily (4-weeks-on/2-weeks-off schedule) after progression under sorafenib treatment. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed using NCI-CTCAE v3.0, and tumor response was evaluated according to RECIST. Data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Eleven patients with metastatic disease were treated. Seven patients (64%) presented with no liver cirrhosis, including 3 patients with a history of liver transplantation. The first radiological follow-up showed stable disease in 40% of patients after marked radiological progression under sorafenib. The median time to progression was 3.2 months. Treatment was discontinued due to radiological progression (n = 9) or AEs (n = 2; hemorrhages) in all patients after 3.5 months. The median overall survival was 8.4 months. All patients with Child-Pugh class B liver cirrhosis suffered a clinical deterioration of liver function and died within 4 months due to tumor progression. Conclusions: Sunitinib provided modest antitumor activity in patients with advanced HCC after progression under sorafenib treatment. Patients with Child-Pugh class B liver cirrhosis might not receive a clinical benefit from this second-line approach. Hemorrhagic complications may represent a clinically relevant problem of sunitinib in patients with advanced HCC.
Minimizing Seed Selection for Disseminating News with Probabilistic Coverage Guarantee

The spread of influence under Independent Cascade model and Linear Threshold model has been studied extensively in the literature. The two models describe the process through which individuals adopt a new product. We study the rumour model, that describes the process through which a news is spread in a network. We consider the task of identifying a collection of seed nodes of minimal size to spread a news such that, within a certain time threshold, the news can be spread to a target number of nodes with certain probability. We show that the problem is NP-hard. Moreover, we show that the function that calculates the probability of achieving the coverage threshold is not submodular, and hence conventional optimization techniques based on the submodularity property cannot be applied directly. Nevertheless, we present an algorithm that can provably approximate the size of the optimal seed set. In addition, we present a Monte-Carlo algorithm for choosing the best node that generates the greatest marginal increment in expected coverage. We compare the size of seed set with other baseline algorithms by using both real and synthetic networks. Our algorithm consistently outperforms other methods. For certain cases, the sizes of seed sets returned by our algorithm are less than a hundredth of that returned by the baseline algorithms compared.
Normalized discriminant analysis with application to a hybrid speaker-verification system

A modified linear discriminant analysis technique for speaker verification, referred to as normalized discriminant analysis (NDA), is presented. Using this technique it is possible to design an efficient linear classifier with very limited training data and to generate normalized discriminant scores with comparable magnitudes for different classifiers. The NDA technique is applied to a classifier for speaker verification based on speaker specific information obtained when utterances are processed with speaker independent models. In experiments conducted on a network based telephone database, the NDA technique provides an equal-error rate of 6.13% while the classifier using Fisher linear discriminant analysis has an equal-error rate of 18.18%. Furthermore, when the NDA combined with HMM approach in a hybrid speaker verification system, the rate was reduced from 5.30% (HMM with cohort normalization) to 4.32%.
Privacy‐Preserving Naïve Bayesian Classifier–Based Recommendations on Distributed Data

Data collected for recommendation purposes might be distributed among various e‐commerce sites, which can collaboratively provide more accurate predictions. However, because of privacy concerns, they might not want to work together. If privacy measures are provided, they may decide to become involved in prediction generation processes. We propose privacy‐preserving schemes eliminating e‐commerce sites’ privacy concerns for providing predictions on distributed data. We investigate how to achieve naïve Bayesian classifier‐based recommendations when data are distributed horizontally or vertically among multiple parties, even competing ones, without greatly violating their confidentiality. We analyze our schemes in terms of privacy and additional costs and show that they do not deeply violate online vendors’ secrecy and they cause insignificant overhead costs. We also perform experiments on real data, evaluate our outcomes, and provide suggestions. Our empirical results show that our schemes produce more accurate predictions.
Tunneling time in Ultrafast science is real and probabilistic

Summary form only given. We present approach and results of an angular streaking experiment with the attoclock method [1] that suggest the existence of a real tunneling time in strong field ionization of Helium. The results are compared with competing theories of tunneling time and show that the only theories that are compatible with the experimental results are the L armor time and a distribution of tunneling times with a long tail constructed using a Feynman Path Integral formulation. We find that the latter matches the experimental data the best. Our results have strong implications on investigations of the electron dynamics in attosecond science since a significant uncertainty must be taken into account about when the electron hole dynamics begins to evolve.The attoclock method is based on the angular streaking of the photoelectron that was released from the atom by tunnel ionization. The angular distribution of the photoelectron momentum distribution contains the timing of the ionization process via an offset of the maximum of the angular distribution from the theoretically predicted value assuming instantaneous tunneling. Our results indicate the existence of a real tunneling time through this angular offset. The attoclock technique was transferred to a velocity map imaging setup (VMIS) in combination with tomographic reconstruction. The gas nozzle was integrated in the repeller plate, a configuration that allows one to achieve target gas densities that are significantly higher compared to setups employing cold atomic beams [2], leading to higher statistics and smaller error bars compared to previous measurements [1, 3]. Helium was leaked into the ultra high vacuum chamber and tunnel ionized by an elliptically polarized sub-10fs few-cycle pulse with a central wavelength of 735 nm and an ellipticity of 0.87. For the tomographic reconstruction, two-dimensional momentum space electron images are recorded in steps of two degrees covering a range of 180 degrees. The three-dimensional momentum distribution and thus the electron momentum distribution in the polarization plane is retrieved by tomographic reconstruction with a filtered backprojection algorithm [4, 5]. The results from the VMIS are confirmed with accurate measurements using a cold target recoil ion momentum spectrometer (COLTRIMS).
An Analytical Comparison of EXIT and Variance Transfer (VT) Tools for Iterative Decoder Analysis

This paper investigates the relationship between the Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) analysis method and the Variance Transfer (VT) analysis method as used to analyze turbo decoding. The two methods are compared numerically and analytically. A function is derived to closely approximate the relationship between the mutual information and the in- put/output variance. Upper and lower bounds are derived to show the error in this approximation is small. The result of this work allows for easy translation between the EXIT and VT methods. Furthermore, three methods of measuring mutual information are compared and motivations for use of each are discussed.