Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lifelong Learning and Development: A Southern Perspective

This book explores the lifelong learning of low and middle income families, particularly in Africa and South Africa. This fascinating monograph explores lifelong learning in the context of development as it is used for low and middle income countries, particularly with reference to Africa and South Asia. Taking a broadly postcolonial and critical theory perspective, thus privileging texts from the 'global South' that highlight pre-colonial origins for lifelong learning, it critiques the discourse of development as it applies to education for low income countries, and explores relevant texts that apply lifelong learning principles to nation building and other development issues. Professor Preece draws on the broader philosophical and sociological concerns of authors from low and middle income countries in order to highlight values, cultures and learning priorities that are often forgotten in the dominant and usually instrumentalist policy texts for lifelong learning. She includes references to African Renaissance texts on African philosophies and education traditions, feminist theories on lifelong learning, Southern feminist approaches to gender issues, and comparative research literature that addresses the dangers of uncritical international transfer. "Continuum Studies in Educational Research" (CSER) is a major new series in the field of educational research. Written by experts and scholars for experts and scholars, this ground-breaking series focuses on research in the areas of comparative education, history, lifelong learning, philosophy, policy, post-compulsory education, psychology and sociology. Based on cutting-edge research and written with lucidity and passion, the "CSER" series showcases only those books that really matter in education - studies that are major, that will be remembered for having made a difference.
Video superresolution reconstruction based on subpixel registration and iterative back projection

To improve the spatial resolution of video, a superresolution reconstruction method based on a sliding window is proposed utilizing the movement information between frames in the low-resolution video. We propose a registration algorithm based on a four-parameter transformation model through Taylor series expansion, using an iterative solving method as well as the Gaussian pyramid image model to estimate the movement parameters from coarseness to fine. Superresolution frames are reconstructed using an iterative back projection (IBP) algorithm. We also present the suitable length of the sliding window and the reasonable iteration number of the IBP algorithm in the video superresolution reconstruction. Our algorithm is compared to other algorithms on simulated images and actual color videos. Both show that our registration algorithm achieves higher subpixel accuracy than other algorithms, even in the case of large movements, and that the reconstructed video has better visual effects and stronger resolution ability. It can be extensively applied to the superresolution reconstruction of video sequences in which the frames are different from each other mainly by translation and rotation.
THE SIPP COGNITIVE RESEARCH EVALUATION EXPERIMENT: BASIC RESULTS AND DOCUMENTATION

In response to known and suspected problems in the measurement of program participation and related variables, Census Bureau research staff developed new, experimental survey procedures, based on cognitive theory and research, to reduce response errors in the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We implemented a "field laboratory" test of the new procedures, using both an experimental design and an administrative record check. A key feature of the new procedures was getting households to use their personal income records as a substitute for faulty, minimum effort memory retrieval. Results of the SIPP Cognitive Research Evaluation Experiment indicate that the new procedures had no important effects on reducing either underreporting or overreporting errors in respondents' reports of participation in the income programs tested. However, by the second interview wave, the new procedures did produce substantial improvement in the reporting of income amounts. Experimental group households did use personal income records at astonishingly high rates; furthermore, record use correlated with the quality of income amount reporting. This paper describes the basic features of the experimental procedures and their evolution; it presents the available evidence concerning the implementation of those procedures; it summarizes the key substantive findings of the experiment concerning program participation and program income reporting quality; and finally, it offers some possible reasons why record use did not affect reporting of program participation, but did have important effects on income amount reports.
A Generalized Method for Proving Polynomial Calculus Degree Lower Bounds

We study the problem of obtaining lower bounds for polynomial calculus (PC) and polynomial calculus resolution (PCR) on proof degree, and hence by [Impagliazzo et al. '99] also on proof size. [Alekhnovich and Razborov '03] established that if the clause-variable incidence graph of a CNF formula F is a good enough expander, then proving that F is unsatisfiable requires high PC/PCR degree. We further develop the techniques in [AR03] to show that if one can "cluster" clauses and variables in a way that "respects the structure" of the formula in a certain sense, then it is sufficient that the incidence graph of this clustered version is an expander. As a corollary of this, we prove that the functional pigeonhole principle (FPHP) formulas require high PC/PCR degree when restricted to constant-degree expander graphs. This answers an open question in [Razborov '02], and also implies that the standard CNF encoding of the FPHP formulas require exponential proof size in polynomial calculus resolution. Thus, while Onto-FPHP formulas are easy for polynomial calculus, as shown in [Riis '93], both FPHP and Onto-PHP formulas are hard even when restricted to bounded-degree expanders.
T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma: Relapse 16 Years after First Remission

Little information is available regarding late relapse in patients with T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LBL). Because of the aggressive nature of this disease, relapse is common and often happens early. Late relapses are rare and generally occur within a few years after initial remission. The relapse rate after 3 years has been reported to steadily decrease over time yet does not parallel with cure. We report a case of a 26-year-old female with T-LBL and relapse 16 years after her first remission with successful treatment with HyperCVAD and L-asparaginase.
Innate instruction of adaptive immunity revisited: the inflammasome

The innate immune system regulates initial responses to pathogen invasion through a set of conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRR) . The best‐characterized PRRs are the Toll‐like receptors, which regulate not only the initial pathogen defense response, but also adaptive immune responses. Thus, insight into the function of PRRs has major implications for our understanding of the physiology of vaccination and the pathophysiology of human disease. Recent advances in our understanding of a new class of pattern recognition receptors–NOD‐like receptors (NLR)–have similarly provided insight into both innate and adaptive immunity. In particular, the NLR Nlrp3 (also known as Nalp3 or Cias1) forms an intracellular multimolecular complex with active caspase‐1, called an inflammasome, creating a platform for regulating secretion of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) family members. Given the important role of IL‐1 in inflammatory diseases, from gout to rheumatoid arthritis, the importance of understanding the regulation of such a cytokine cannot be underestimated. In this review, we address new evidence supporting a role for adaptive immune activation by recently identified NLR agonists, with a particular focus on Nlrp3. Basic questions in our understanding of Nlrp3 inflammasome activation are also presented.
General conditions for bounded relative error in simulations of highly reliable Markovian systems

We establish a necessary condition for any importance sampling scheme to give bounded relative error when estimating a performance measure of a highly reliable Markovian system. Also, a class of importance sampling methods is defined for which we prove a necessary and sufficient condition for bounded relative error for the performance measure estimator. This class of probability measures includes all of the currently existing failure biasing methods in the literature. Similar conditions for derivative estimators are established.
Effect of Agaricus sylvaticus supplementation on nutritional status and adverse events of chemotherapy of breast cancer: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial

Background: Breast cancer (BC) represents the highest incidence of malignancy in women throughout the world. Medicinal fungi can stimulate the body, reduce side-effects associated with chemotherapy and improve the quality of life in patients with cancer. Aim: To evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Agaricus sylvaticus on clinical and nutritional parameters in BC patients undergoing chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial was carried out at the Oncology Clinic, Hospital of the Federal District-Brazil from September 2007 to July 2009. Forty six patients with BC, Stage II and III, were randomly assigned to receive either nutritional supplement with A. sylvaticus (2.1 g/day) or placebo. Patients were evaluated during treatment period. Results: Patient supplemented with A. sylvaticus improved in clinical parameters and gastrointestinal functions. Poor appetite decreased by 20% with no changes in bowel functions (92.8%), nausea and vomiting (80%). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with A. sylvaticus improved nutritional status and reduced abnormal bowel functions, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in patients with BC receiving chemotherapy.
Iconicity as a General Property of Language: Evidence from Spoken and Signed Languages

Current views about language are dominated by the idea of arbitrary connections between linguistic form and meaning. However, if we look beyond the more familiar Indo-European languages and also include both spoken and signed language modalities, we find that motivated, iconic form-meaning mappings are, in fact, pervasive in language. In this paper, we review the different types of iconic mappings that characterize languages in both modalities, including the predominantly visually iconic mappings found in signed languages. Having shown that iconic mapping are present across languages, we then proceed to review evidence showing that language users (signers and speakers) exploit iconicity in language processing and language acquisition. While not discounting the presence and importance of arbitrariness in language, we put forward the idea that iconicity need also be recognized as a general property of language, which may serve the function of reducing the gap between linguistic form and conceptual representation to allow the language system to “hook up” to motor, perceptual, and affective experience.
Estimating window period blood donations for human immunodeficiency virus Type 1, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus by nucleic acid amplification testing in Southern Pakistan

Recently, strategic planning was initiated by the National Blood Transfusion Services Pakistan to improve its blood bank facilities. Emphasis has been placed on appropriate screening of blood products. Located in the southern region, Aga Khan University Hospital is a 700‐bed tertiary care academic institute with comprehensive blood banking. Screening of blood donors has been based on verbal screening and serologic testing to date. Additionally, the need of implementing nucleic acid testing (NAT) was considered in 2011 because of an upsurge in hepatitis epidemiology. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of this additional donor screening program and to evaluate the impact of NAT on the yield and residual risk of transfusion‐transmissible viral infections.
An Example Based Approach for Parsing Natural Language Sentences

Development of a parser from scratch is typically time-consuming and error prone. A more efficient approach may lie in adapting an example-based parsing scheme, provided an appropriate strategy is developed for knowledge elicitation from the example base. This paper proposes such a scheme for developing a Link Grammar based parser. The proposed scheme extracts knowledge from an already parsed example base in the form of "link information" and "phrase templates". For a given input sentence the parsing algorithm first extracts the possible links for the constituent words from the link dictionary. Then using the phrase templates and the possible links of the words, the sentence is parsed bottom-up. Algorithms have been developed to identify different phrases in the input sentence and to handle unknown words. The examples considered in this work are for English sentence. The proposed scheme uses very little language-specific information. Hence, the proposed algorithms can be adapted for other languages as well
GRAPE: GRaphical Abstracted Protein Explorer

The region surrounding a protein, known as the surface of interaction or molecular surface, can provide valuable insight into its function. Unfortunately, due to the complexity of both their geometry and their surface fields, study of these surfaces can be slow and difficult and important features may be hard to identify. Here, we describe our GRaphical Abstracted Protein Explorer, or GRAPE, a web server that allows users to explore abstracted representations of proteins. These abstracted surfaces effectively reduce the level of detail of the surface of a macromolecule, using a specialized algorithm that removes small bumps and pockets, while preserving large-scale structural features. Scalar fields, such as electrostatic potential and hydropathy, are smoothed to further reduce visual complexity. This entirely new way of looking at proteins complements more traditional views of the molecular surface. GRAPE includes a thin 3D viewer that allows users to quickly flip back and forth between both views. Abstracted views provide a fast way to assess both a molecule's shape and its different surface field distributions. GRAPE is freely available at http://grape.uwbacter. org.
Trifurcate Feed-Forward Regulation of Age-Dependent Cell Death Involving miR164 in Arabidopsis

Aging induces gradual yet massive cell death in higher organisms, including annual plants. Even so, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are barely known, despite the long-standing interest in this topic. Here, we demonstrate that ORE1, which is a NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factor, positively regulates aging-induced cell death in Arabidopsis leaves. ORE1 expression is up-regulated concurrently with leaf aging by EIN2 but is negatively regulated by miR164. miR164 expression gradually decreases with aging through negative regulation by EIN2, which leads to the elaborate up-regulation of ORE1 expression. However, EIN2 still contributes to aging-induced cell death in the absence of ORE1. The trifurcate feed-forward pathway involving ORE1, miR164, and EIN2 provides a highly robust regulation to ensure that aging induces cell death in Arabidopsis leaves.
An Interactive Multimedia Satellite Telemedicine Service

We present a telemedicine application, called the Medical Environment for Diagnostic Images (MEDI), that provides remote medical care services while taking advantage of the broadcast and multicast capabilities and the wide-band capacity of satellite systems. We developed the application in an open environment (Java) using a client-server architecture based on TCP/IP. We evaluated the performance of the application on satellite connections.
Assessing Significance in High-Throughput Experiments by Sequential Goodness of Fit and q-Value Estimation

We developed a new multiple hypothesis testing adjustment called SGoF+ implemented as a sequential goodness of fit metatest which is a modification of a previous algorithm, SGoF, taking advantage of the information of the distribution of p-values in order to fix the rejection region. The new method uses a discriminant rule based on the maximum distance between the uniform distribution of p-values and the observed one, to set the null for a binomial test. This new approach shows a better power/pFDR ratio than SGoF. In fact SGoF+ automatically sets the threshold leading to the maximum power and the minimum false non-discovery rate inside the SGoF' family of algorithms. Additionally, we suggest combining the information provided by SGoF+ with the estimate of the FDR that has been committed when rejecting a given set of nulls. We study different positive false discovery rate, pFDR, estimation methods to combine q-value estimates jointly with the information provided by the SGoF+ method. Simulations suggest that the combination of SGoF+ metatest with the q-value information is an interesting strategy to deal with multiple testing issues. These techniques are provided in the latest version of the SGoF+ software freely available at http://webs.uvigo. es/acraaj/SGoF.htm.
Adquisición y desarrollo de la conducta de fumar Acquisition and development of smoking behavior

ResumenEl tema central del presente trabajo es la descripcion de los estadios a lo largo de los cuales se produce el desarrollo de la conducta de fumar tabaco.Se abarca el periodo que comprende desde que el nino tiene conocimiento del tabaco, aun sin haberlo probado, hasta que el individuo se convierte en un fumador adicto. En cada uno de los cinco estadios que se proponen: preparacion, iniciacion, experimentacion, habituacion y adiccion, se realiza una sintesis de las principales variables y procesos condicionant es d la conducta de fumar. Este analisis tiene una utilidad clara para el diseno de intervenciones tanto terapeuticas como educativo-preventivas en este campo.
Vision-based closed-loop tracking using micro air vehicles

This paper describes the target detection and tracking architecture used by the Georgia Tech Aerial Robotics team for the American Helicopter Society (AHS) Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) challenge. The vision system described enables vision-aided navigation with additional abilities such as target detection and tracking all performed onboard the vehicles computer. The author suggests a robust target tracking method that does not solely depend on the image obtained from a camera, but also utilizes the other sensor outputs and runs a target location estimator. The machine learning based target identification method uses Haar-like classifiers to extract the target candidate points. The raw measurements are plugged into multiple Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs). The statistical test (Z-test) is used to bound the measurement, and solve the corresponding problem. Using Multiple EKFs allows us not only to optimally estimate the target location, but also to use the information as one of the criteria to evaluate the tracking performance. The MAV utilizes performance-based criteria that determine whether or not to initiate a maneuver such as hover or land over/on the target. The performance criteria are closed in the loop which allows the system to determine at any time whether or not to continue with the maneuver. For Vision-aided Inertial Navigation System (VINS), a corner Harris algorithm finds the feature points, and we track them using the statistical knowledge. The feature point locations are integrated in Bierman Thornton extended Kalman Filter (BTEKF) with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and sonar sensor outputs to generate vehicle states: position, velocity, attitude, accelerometer and gyroscope biases. A 6-degrees-of-freedom quadrotor flight simulator is developed to test the suggested method. This paper provides the simulation results of the vision-based maneuvers: hovering over the target, and landing on the target. In addition to the simulation results, flight tests have been conducted to show and validate the system performance. The 500 gram Georgia Tech Quadrotor (GtQ)-Mini, was used for the flight tests. All processing is done onboard the vehicle and it is able to operate without human interaction. Both of the simulation and flight test results show the effectiveness of the suggested method. This system and vehicle were used for the AHS 2015 MAV Student Challenge where the GPS-denied closed-loop target search is required. The vehicle successfully found the ground target, and landed on the desired location. This paper shares the data obtained from the competition.
Down-regulation of microRNA-124 is correlated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) has been proven dysregulated in several human malignancies and correlated with tumor progression. However, its expression and clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of miR-124 expression in NSCLC. METHODS Expression levels of miR-124 in 92 pairs of NSCLC and adjacent non-tumor tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In order to determine its prognostic value, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS miR-124 expression level was significantly lower in NSCLC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05). The 5-year OS of low miR-124 expression group was significantly shorter than that of high miR-124 expression group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the 5-year DFS of low miR-124 expression group was also significantly shorter than that of high miR-124 expression group (P < 0.05). In a multivariate Cox model, we found that miR-124 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both 5-year OS and 5-year DFS in NSCLC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results offer the convincing evidence that miR-124 may play key roles in the progression of lung cancer and that the down-regulated expression of miR-124 may be independently associated with shorter OS and DFS of patients, suggesting that miR-124 might be a potential marker for further risk stratification in the treatment of lung cancer.
From one to many: expanding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference genome panel

In recent years, thousands of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes have been sequenced to varying degrees of completion. The Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) has long been the keeper of the original eukaryotic reference genome sequence, which was derived primarily from S. cerevisiae strain S288C. Because new technologies are pushing S. cerevisiae annotation past the limits of any system based exclusively on a single reference sequence, SGD is actively working to expand the original S. cerevisiae systematic reference sequence from a single genome to a multi-genome reference panel. We first commissioned the sequencing of additional genomes and their automated analysis using the AGAPE pipeline. Here we describe our curation strategy to produce manually reviewed high-quality genome annotations in order to elevate 11 of these additional genomes to Reference status. Database URL: http://www.yeastgenome. org/