Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security Implications of Cooperative Communications in Wireless Networks

Cooperative communications is an innovative technique that is expected to change the behavior of wireless networks in the near feature. In the MAC layer, this technique defines new protocols by enabling additional collaboration from stations that otherwise will not directly participate in the transmission. A typical example of such a protocol is CoopMAC, a cooperative MAC protocol that involves an intermediate station or helper in the communication between a transmitter and a receiver. Under this scheme, the transmitter sends its packets to the receiver by forwarding them through the helper. In this way the protocol takes advantage of spatial diversity and faster two- hop transmission, significantly improving the performance of the network. In such an environment, where the sender relies on an intermediate helper to forward its packets to the original destination, numerous security issues may arise. The present security schemes need to be adapted in order to support end- to-end security in the source-helper-destination communication model. In this paper we discuss the potential security issues that cooperation may raise and propose two new security schemes to address those concerns. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed algorithms, we implement them using open source drivers platform, which is explained in the paper in detail. Moreover, the paper also discusses the design challenges encountered and share the experience and insights gained during implementation. Our implementations of the suggested techniques allow the WEP, WPA and WPA2 (802.11i) security protocols to successfully operate in the new cooperative environment.
Models of cooperation based on the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Snowdrift game

Understanding the mechanisms that can lead to the evolution of cooperation through natural selection is a core problem in biology. Among the various attempts at constructing a theory of cooperation, game theory has played a central role. Here, we review models of cooperation that are based on two simple games: the Prisoner's Dilemma, and the Snowdrift game. Both games are two-person games with two strategies, to cooperate and to defect, and both games are social dilemmas. In social dilemmas, cooperation is prone to exploitation by defectors, and the average payoff in populations at evolutionary equilibrium is lower than it would be in populations consisting of only cooperators. The difference between the games is that cooperation is not maintained in the Prisoner's Dilemma, but persists in the Snowdrift game at an intermediate frequency. As a consequence, insights gained from studying extensions of the two games differ substantially. We review the most salient results obtained from extensions such as iteration, spatial structure, continuously variable cooperative investments, and multi-person interactions. Bridging the gap between theoretical and empirical research is one of the main challenges for future studies of cooperation, and we conclude by pointing out a number of promising natural systems in which the theory can be tested experimentally.
Internet of Things: Intelligent system for healthcare based on WSN and android

I-Health can be defined as “intelligent system and android, wireless communications technologies for health-care. ” This emerging concept represents the evolution of I-Health systems from traditional desktop “telemedicine” platforms to wireless and mobile configurations. The interest in I-Health systems (IHS) originates initially from the need to extend health services out of the hospital and monitor patients over extensive periods of time. Intelligent IHS are integrated systems in contact with or near the body able to sense, process and communicate biomedical, biochemical and physical parameters. Current and emerging developments in wireless sensors communications integrated with developments in pervasive and android technologies will have a radical impact on future health-care delivery systems. This editorial paper presents a snapshot of recent developments in these areas and addresses some of the challenges and future implementation issues from the I-Health perspective. The contributions presented in this special section represent some of these recent developments and illustrate the multidisciplinary nature of this important and emerging concept.
Critical success factors of knowledge management implementation in higher learning institutions

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the soft elements of critical success factors and perceived benefits of knowledge management (KM) in higher learning institutions which can lead to the development of the KM model for higher learning institutions. The outcomes of this study revealed that organisational culture and top management leadership have a positive relationship with the perceived benefits of KM. Nevertheless, education and training has a negative relationship with the perceived benefits of KM. On the other hand, the employee participation and empowerment through teamwork did not show any relationship with the perceived benefits of KM. The major findings of the study conclude that organisational culture and top management support have a positive relationship with perceived benefits of KM, while the opposite is true for employee participation and empowerment. In conclusion, organisations need to cultivate the right culture and leadership to embrace KM.
Object operations benchmark

Performance is a major issue in the acceptance of object-oriented and relational database systems aimed at engineering applications such as computer-aided software engineering (CASE) and computer-aided design (CAD). Because traditional database systems benchmarks are inapproriate to measure performance for operations on engineering objects, we designed a new benchmark Object Operations version 1 (OO1) to focus on important characteristics of these applications. OO1 is descended from an earlier benchmark for simple database operations and is based on several years experience with that benchmark. In this paper we describe the OO1 benchmark and results we obtained running it on a variety of database systems. We provide a careful specification of the benchmark, show how it can be implemented on database systems, and present evidence that more than an order of magnitude difference in performance can result from a DBMS implementation quite different from current products; minimizing overhead per database call, offloading database server functionality to workstations, taking advantage of large main memories, and using link-based methods.
Virtual and Mixed Reality in Telerobotics: A Survey

Virtual Reality (VR) constitutes now a well-established term, which is employed basically to describe systems that enable an intuitive and natural interaction in real-time between a human and a computer animated 3D graphical environment. The media that are employed to support such a human-computer interaction should ideally involve all human senses (and more generally sensori-motor abilities), that is, not only vision (through the rendering of 3D graphics models) but also audition, as well as the sense of touch, through a haptic interaction with virtual objects (Burdea & Coiffet, 94). The challenge is to develop computer simulation environments (simulating an existent or fictitious world) in such a way as to create to the human user an illusion of reality. VR thus constitutes a multidisciplinary field covering a variety of scientific and technological subjects, from 3D computer graphics and multimedia technologies, to the design and control of mechatronic human-computer interaction devices, human factors and modeling of sensori-motor human skills, as well as topics related to the field of human perception and psychophysics. VR and its applications have flourished significantly particularly during the last decade, not only through the development of new software and hardware tools, devices and methodologies of human-computer interaction, but also by the implementation of these techniques into a constantly increasing number of new application paradigms and humancentered activities. Augmented and mixed realities constitute in fact one form of applied VR techniques and refer to the processes of overlapping synthetic (virtual) model images onto real world images, that is, to the combination (mixing) of virtual and real world. In other words, in an augmented reality (AR) system virtual models complement or modify in a way reality (providing in a sense some additional information as needed) instead of completely substituting (replacing) reality, as is the objective in VR systems. The goal here is to provide the user with the illusion of ‘co-existence’ of virtual and real world at the same time and space domain. Augmented Reality, as a research and technology field, has attracted considerable interest during the last years with new domains of practical applications arising. Much effort is focused on the new potential opened by the application of AR techniques, and concern enhancing the ability of the human user (human operator) to perceive aspects of a real world by overlaying additional (visual or other type of) information, increasing the abilities
DefLog: on the Logical Interpretation of Prima Facie Justified Assumptions

Assumptions are often not considered to be definitely true, but only as prima facie justified. When an assumption is prima facie justified, there can for instance be a reason against it, by which the assumption is not actually justified. The assumption is then said to be defeated. This requires a revision of the standard conception of logical interpretation of sets of assumptions in terms of their models. Whereas in the models of a set of assumptions, all assumptions are taken to be true, an interpretation of prima facie justified assumptions must distinguish between the assumptions that are actually justified in the interpretation and those that are defeated. In the present paper, the logical interpretation of prima facie justified assumptions is investigated. The central notion is that of a dialectical interpretation of a set of assumptions. The basic idea is that a prima facie justified assumption is not actually justified, but defeated when its so-called dialectical negation is justified. The properties of dialectical interpretation are analysed by considering partial dialectical interpretations, or stages, and by establishing the notion of dialectical justification. The latter leads to a characterization of the existence and multiplicity of the dialectical interpretations of a set of assumptions. Since dialectical interpretations are a variant of stable semantics, the results are relevant for existing work on nonmonotonic logic and defeasible reasoning, on which the present work builds. Instead of focusing on defeasible rules or arguments, the present approach is sentence-based. A particular innovation is the use of a conditional that is prima facie justified (just like other assumptions) instead of an inconclusive conditional.
Design of a Multi-Hop Wireless Network to Continuous Indoor Air Quality Monitoring

—In indoor environments (homes, industrial buildings, etc), fires or exposure to toxic or flammable gases are non-rare incidents. Timely detection of incident-indicative air parameters is of crucial importance to incident prevention or to the minimization of the consequences to human health. The existing solutions lack in coverage and continuous real-time data accessibility. This paper presents the design and implementation of the system for near real-time continuous air quality monitoring based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It is primarily dedicated for the indoor environments although, with some modifications, it can be used outdoors as well. The proposed system focuses on remote monitoring of the typical incident-indicative parameters such as: temperature, humidity, CO, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and smoke. In order to increase the sensing coverage and connectivity, and to decrease the energy consumption of the smart sensors, the proposed system utilizes ZigBee based multi-hop communication paradigm along with specific sleep/active sensing and communication duty cycle. The results show that, besides being flexible and low cost, the proposed system shows satisfying performance in terms of overall functionality and reliability. Power consumption of the nodes can also be considered as satisfying, although, in this direction, additional measures could be taken for further improvements.
Narrow or Broad?: Estimating Subjective Specificity in Exploratory Search

Supporting exploratory search is a very challenging problem, not least because of the dynamic nature of the exercise: both the knowledge and interests of the user are subject to constant change. Moreover, whether the results for a query are informative is strongly subjective. What is informative to one user, is too specific for the other; specificity differs between users depending on their intent and accumulated knowledge about the domain. We propose a formal model - motivated by Information Foraging Theory - for predicting the subjective specificity of search results based on simple observables such as result-clicks. Through two studies including both controlled and free-form exploratory search we show our model allows us to differentiate between levels of subjective result specificity with regard to the current information need of the user.
The german POP-Dioxin-Database - Data management of persistent organic substances in Germany

Since 1991 an administrative agreement has been issued in Germany to compile, document and evaluate data from monitoring and surveillance programs at federal and Laender level. Data of more than 200 monitoring programs in respect to PCBs and dioxins in several environmental and human compartments are collected and administrated in a large database system. These datasets are accessible via a web-based
L-Selectin Ligands That Are O-glycoprotease Resistant and Distinct from MECA-79 Antigen are Sufficient for Tethering and Rolling of Lymphocytes on Human High Endothelial Venules

During the process of lymphocyte recirculation, lymphocytes bind via L-selectin to sulfated sialyl-Lewisx (sLex)–containing carbohydrate ligands expressed on the surface of high endothelial venules (HEV). We have examined the expression of sLex on HEV using a panel of mAbs specific for sLex and sLex-related structures, and have examined the function of different sLex-bearing structures using an in vitro assay of lymphocyte rolling on HEV. We report that three sLex mAbs, 2F3, 2H5, and CSLEX-1, previously noted to bind with high affinity to glycolipid-linked sLex, vary in their ability to stain HEV in different lymphoid tissues and bind differentially to O-linked versus N-linked sLex on glycoproteins. Treatment of tissue sections with neuraminidase abolished staining with all three mAbs but slightly increased staining with MECA-79, a mAb to a sulfation-dependent HEV-associated carbohydrate determinant. Treatment of tissue sections with O-sialoglycoprotease under conditions that removed the vast majority of MECA-79 staining, only partially reduced staining with the 2F3 and 2H5 mAbs. Using a novel rolling assay in which cells bind under flow to HEV of frozen tissue sections, we demonstrate that a pool of O-sialoglycoprotease–resistant molecules is present on HEV that is sufficient for attachment and rolling of lymphocytes via L-selectin. This interaction is not inhibited by the mAb MECA-79. Furthermore, MECA-79 mAb blocks binding to untreated sections by only 30%, whereas the sLex mAb 2H5 blocks binding by ∼60% and a combination of MECA-79 and 2H5 mAb blocks binding by 75%. We conclude that a pool of O-glycoprotease-resistant sLex-like L-selectin ligands exist on human HEV that is distinct from the mucin-associated moieties recognized by MECA-79 mAb. We postulate that these ligands may participate in lymphocyte binding to HEV.
Disfluency and discursive markers: when prosody and syntax plan discourse

Hesitations, interruptions within phrases or within words are common in spontaneous speech. Those phenomena are widely known to be observable from a prosodic point of view through disfluencies. From a syntactic point of view, many studies already established that discursive markers such as hm, oh, I mean, etc. are representative of spontaneous speech. In this study, we demonstrate through a joint corpus-based analysis that these prosodical and syntactical features are correlated, without however being equivalent. More precisely, the lack of either disfluencies or discursive markers is consistently shown to be representative of a planned discourse.
Nonlinear backpropagation: doing backpropagation without derivatives of the activation function

The conventional linear backpropagation algorithm is replaced by a nonlinear version, which avoids the necessity for calculating the derivative of the activation function. This may be exploited in hardware realizations of neural processors. In this paper we derive the nonlinear backpropagation algorithms in the framework of recurrent backpropagation and present some numerical simulations of feedforward networks on the NetTalk problem. A discussion of implementation in analog very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics concludes the paper.
Is Last Minute Bidding Bad ?

Last minute bidding on internet auctions is not compatible with standard private value (PV) settings. However, it can be rationalized by adding (at least) another identical auction. In the sequential ebay auction model, it can be proved that the last minute bidding equilibrium, in which bidders only bid at the last minute, is the unique symmetric perfect Bayesian equilibrium in (weakly) undominated strategies. Moreover, bidders would sometimes shade their last minute bids as in a first price auction. Nevertheless, revenue equivalence results show that last minute bidding does not hurt the seller, in contrast to the non-transmission model where last minute bidding is not efficient and lowers sellers’ revenue. Thirdly, a bidder’s maximum willingness to pay for the current stage depends on others’ types. This introduces a “common value” component to the private value environment. Empirically, online event ticket auction data shows some support of the sequential model, while laboratory experiments reject the alternative nontransmission model. ∗Preliminary. Comments welcomed. Please do not quote without permission.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Parents ’ Personality and Infants ’ Temperament as Contributors to Their Emerging Relationship

The authors examined the contributions of infant’s temperament and parent’s personality to their relationship. In Study 1, 102 infants, mothers, and fathers were studied when infants were 7 months; in Study 2, 112 infants and mothers were followed from 9 to 45 months. Infants’ temperament (joy, fear, anger, and attention) was observed in standard temperament paradigms. Parents’ personality measures encompassed the Big Five traits and Empathy in Study 1 and Mistrust, Manipulativeness, Aggression, Dependency, Entitlement, and Workaholism in Study 2. Parent–child relationship (shared positive affect and parental responsiveness in Studies 1 and 2 and parental tracking of the infant in Study 1) was observed in naturalistic contexts. In Study 1, mothers’ Neuroticism, Empathy, and Conscientiousness and fathers’ Agreeableness, Openness, and Extraversion related to the relationship with the infants. All measures of infant temperament also related to the emerging relationship. In Study 2, maternal Mistrust, Manipulativeness, Dependency, and Workaholism predicted the relationship with the child.
Detection of blueshifted emission and absorption and a relativistic iron line in the X‐ray spectrum of ESO 323−G077★

We report on the X-ray observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy ESO 323-G077 performed with XMM-Newton. The EPIC spectra show a complex spectrum with conspicuous absorption and emission features. The continuum emission can be modelled with a power law with an index of 1.99 ± 0.02 in the whole XMM-Newton energy band, marginally consistent with typical values of type I objects. An absorption component with an uncommonly high equivalent hydrogen column (n H = 5.82 +0.12 -0.11 x 10 22 cm -2 ) is affecting the soft part of the spectrum. Additionally, two warm absorption components are also present in the spectrum. The lower ionized one, mainly imprinting the soft band of the spectrum, has an ionization parameter of log U = 2.14+ 0.06 -0.07 and an outflowing velocity of v = 3200+ 600 -200 km s -1 . Two absorption lines located at ∼6.7 and ∼7.0 keV can be modelled with the highly ionized absorber. The ionization parameter and outflowing velocity of the gas measured are log U = 3.26 +0.19 -0.19 and v = 1700 +600 -400 km s -1 , respectively. Four emission lines were also detected in the soft energy band. The most likely explanation for these emission lines is that they are associated with an outflowing gas with a velocity of ∼2000 km s -1 . The data suggest that the same gas which is causing the absorption could also being responsible of these emission features. Finally, the XMM-Newton spectrum shows the presence of a relativistic iron emission line likely originated in the accretion disc of a Kerr black hole with an inclination of ∼25°. We propose a model to explain the observed X-ray properties which invokes the presence of a two-phase outflow with cone-like structure and a velocity of the order of 2000- 4000 km s -1 . The inner layer of the cone would be less ionized, or even neutral, than the outer layer. The inclination angle of the source would be lower than the opening angle of the outflowing cone.
Chameleon: adaptive selection of collections

Languages such as Java and C#, as well as scripting languages like Python, and Ruby, make extensive use of Collection classes. A collection implementation represents a fixed choice in the dimensions of operation time, space utilization, and synchronization. Using the collection in a manner not consistent with this fixed choice can cause significant performance degradation. In this paper, we present CHAMELEON, a low-overhead automatic tool that assists the programmer in choosing the appropriate collection implementation for her application. During program execution, CHAMELEON computes elaborate trace and heap-based metrics on collection behavior. These metrics are consumed on-thefly by a rules engine which outputs a list of suggested collection adaptation strategies. The tool can apply these corrective strategies automatically or present them to the programmer. We have implemented CHAMELEON on top of a IBM's J9 production JVM, and evaluated it over a small set of benchmarks. We show that for some applications, using CHAMELEON leads to a significant improvement of the memory footprint of the application.
Apatinib-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy

Apatinib is an orally administered small-molecule vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor that has demonstrated encouraging anticancer activity across a broad range of malignancies, including gastric cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We report a case of probable apatinib-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in a 69-year-old male. The patient received apatinib as targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and presented with acute confusion and hypersomnolence after four days of medication initiation. He showed improvement on drug withdrawal; then he resumed apatinib with a half dose and had a recurrence. Possible underlying mechanisms that include direct neuronal effect and antiangiogenic properties are discussed. We would like to draw attention to the potential risk of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy even with a low dosage. Clinicians should be aware of any unexplained neurological syndrome after the initiation of apatinib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.