Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Psychosocial Predictors of Attitudes Toward Reporting Child Sexual Abuse in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT There is a dearth of research investigating psychosocial correlates of attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse in males and females and a lack of such studies drawing on participants from the United Kingdom. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to examine gender differences in social and psychological predictors of attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse. Participants drawn from the United Kingdom general population were recruited via an opportunistic sampling method. Cross-sectional design using a self-report questionnaire was utilized. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that social support, masculinity, and age form significant associations with attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse in females (total variance explained by the model was 25%). In the male sample, the only significant predictor of attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse was interpersonal manipulation (total variance explained by the model was 9%). This study provides an important insight into psychosocial barriers and facilitators to reporting child sexual abuse. Such knowledge is crucial for the early detection and prevention of abuse.
Image Classification for Web Genre Identification

Abstract : With the countless number of existing websites alongside the virtually unrestricted growth of the World Wide Web, the Web has no boundaries. As a result, there is an increasing need to automatically categorize and classify web sites into genres in order to improve the personalization of search results. This paper will offer conceptual suggestions on how online images can be used to predict the genre of the website that they are found on, as well as the process for detecting and identifying certain specific images for genre categorization.
Acceptance threshold theory can explain occurrence of homosexual behaviour

Same-sex sexual behaviour (SSB) has been documented in a wide range of animals, but its evolutionary causes are not well understood. Here, we investigated SSB in the light of Reeve's acceptance threshold theory. When recognition is not error-proof, the acceptance threshold used by males to recognize potential mating partners should be flexibly adjusted to maximize the fitness pay-off between the costs of erroneously accepting males and the benefits of accepting females. By manipulating male burying beetles' search time for females and their reproductive potential, we influenced their perceived costs of making an acceptance or rejection error. As predicted, when the costs of rejecting females increased, males exhibited more permissive discrimination decisions and showed high levels of SSB; when the costs of accepting males increased, males were more restrictive and showed low levels of SSB. Our results support the idea that in animal species, in which the recognition cues of females and males overlap to a certain degree, SSB is a consequence of an adaptive discrimination strategy to avoid the costs of making rejection errors.
Fracture Toughness Measurements in the Transition Regime Using Small Size Samples

The present paper reports the treatment of fracture toughness data in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime by using Charpy size specimens. Size effect and statistical variation are taken into account according to a statistical model associated to the weakest link model. The methodology is first calibrated on a reference reactor pressure vessel material, for which fracture toughness data obtained on large samples are available. This methodology is successfully applied to a number of RPV steels to determine the fracture toughness behaviour in the transition regime. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to determine the confidence interval of the reference temperature as derived from a small number of tests.
Fingerprint verification based on wavelet and edge detection

Fingerprint verification has been researched for many years, but there are still a lot of problems that we have to further resolve, such as the recognition rate and speed. In this paper, we proposed a new fingerprint verification method with application of wavelet transform and prewitt operator. The method is image-based and solves the difficulties caused by the noise, and the transition of fingerprints in position, scale, angle and so on. Wavelet transform has a good noise resistance, and prewitt operator is invariant to translation, rotation and scale, the integration of them can greatly improve the performance of the verification. And the experiment results also show that the method is definitely effective and has a low computation complexity.
A Financial Risk Management Model Supported by Subjective Probability for New Product Development

New product development and release financial risk analysis have increased in importance in the literature due to the need for innovation and speed required, encouraging the development of new models and works regarding this topic. This paper presents an adapted model based on the literature regarding project development a prior risk evaluation in its initial phase, considering uncertainty. With this goal a model is presented that incorporates real options with expert's knowledge elicitation of technical uncertainty, and this uncertainty is modeled as a probability of success over time.
Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Waterborne Pathogen Legionella in Industrial Cooling Tower Environments

Cooling towers are a source of Legionnaires’ disease. It is important from a public health perspective to survey industrial cooling towers for the presence of Legionella. Prospective surveillance of the extent of Legionella pollution was conducted at factories in Shijiazhuang, China between March 2011 and September 2012. Overall, 35.7% of 255 industrial cooling tower water samples showed Legionella-positive, and their concentrations ranged from 100 Colony-Forming Units (CFU)/liter to 88,000 CFU/liter, with an average concentration of 9100 CFU/liter. A total of 121 isolates were obtained. All isolates were L. pneumophila, and the isolated serogroups included serogroups 1 (68 isolates, 56.2%), 6 (25, 20.7%), 5 (12, 9.9%), 8 (8, 6.6%), 3 (6, 5.0%) and 9 (2, 1.6%). All 121 isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and 64 different patterns were obtained. All 121 isolates were analyzed sequence-based typing (SBT), a full 7-allele profile was obtained from 117 isolates. One hundred and seventeen isolates were divided into 49 sequence types. Two virulence genes, lvh and rtxA, are analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 92.6% (112/121) and 98.3% (119/121) isolates carried lvh and rtxA respectively and 90.9% (110/121) of tested isolates carried both genes. Our results demonstrated high prevalence and genetic polymorphism of L. pneumophila in industrial cooling tower environments in Shijiazhang, China, and the SBT and virulence gene PCR results suggested that the isolates were pathogenic. Improved control and prevention strategies are urgently needed.
Cluster randomised trial of a targeted multifactorial intervention to prevent falls among older people in hospital

Objective To determine the efficacy of a targeted multifactorial falls prevention programme in elderly care wards with relatively short lengths of stay. Design Cluster randomised trial. Setting 24 elderly care wards in 12 hospitals in Sydney, Australia. Participants 3999 patients, mean age 79 years, with a median hospital stay of seven days. Interventions A nurse and physiotherapist each worked for 25 hours a week for three months in all intervention wards. They provided a targeted multifactorial intervention that included a risk assessment of falls, staff and patient education, drug review, modification of bedside and ward environments, an exercise programme, and alarms for selected patients. Main outcome measure Falls during hospital stay. Results Intervention and control wards were similar at baseline for previous rates of falls and individual patient characteristics. Overall, 381 falls occurred during the study. No difference was found in fall rates during follow-up between intervention and control wards: respectively, 9.26 falls per 1000 bed days and 9.20 falls per 1000 bed days (P=0.96). The incidence rate ratio adjusted for individual lengths of stay and previous fall rates in the ward was 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.28). Conclusion A targeted multifactorial falls prevention programme was not effective among older people in hospital wards with relatively short lengths of stay. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRNO 12605000467639.
Cholesterol prevents interaction of the cell‐penetrating peptide transportan with model lipid membranes

Interaction of the cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) cysteine‐transportan (Cys‐TP) with model lipid membranes was examined by spin‐label electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Membranes were labeled with lipophilic spin probes and the influence of Cys‐TP on membrane structure was studied. The influence of Cys‐TP on membrane permeability was monitored by the reduction of a liposome‐trapped water‐soluble spin probe. Cys‐TP caused lipid ordering in membranes prepared from pure dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and in DMPC membranes with moderate cholesterol concentration. In addition, Cys‐TP caused a large increase in permeation of DMPC membranes. In contrast, with high cholesterol content, at which model lipid membranes are in the so‐called liquid‐ordered phase, no effect of Cys‐TP was observed, either on the membrane structure or on the membrane permeability. The interaction between Cys‐TP and the lipid membrane therefore depends on the lipid phase. This could be of great importance for understanding of the CPP–lipid interaction in laterally heterogeneous membranes, while it implies that the CPP–lipid interaction can be different at different points along the membrane. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural history of hepatitis C

Approximately 85% of persons with acute hepatitis C develop chronic hepatitis as determined by persistently abnormal serum enzymes and/or viremia (hepatitis C virus [HCV] RNA). Both the acute and chronic illnesses are predominantly asymptomatic. For this reason and because the chronic illness runs an extremely protracted course, it has been difficult to accurately define the frequency and rate of progression to symptomatic or end‐stage liver disease, specifically cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Three evaluation strategies have been used. The first, prospective studies beginning from disease onset, have identified over 8 to 14 year follow‐up periods that morbidity (symptoms, cirrhosis) and mortality (hepatic failure, HCC) are modest in frequency. The second, prospective studies of subjects with already established chronic liver disease, have demonstrated high rates of development of cirrhosis, HCC, and mortality over relatively short follow‐up periods. The third, retrospective/prospective (nonconcurrent prospective) studies, has consisted of follow‐up of recipients of HCV‐ contaminated immunoglobulin and of transfusion recipients from five enzyme‐monitored transfusion studies of the early 1970s. The former study identified no mortality, trivial morbidity, and minimal cirrhosis 17 years after infection. The latter, involving hepatitis cases and matched nonhepatitis controls studied over a 20‐year period, demonstrated no increase in all‐cause but a slight increase in liver‐ related mortality. Clinically evident chronic liver disease was noted to be minimal among those in follow‐up with biochemically defined chronic hepatitis whose biopsy specimens showed no cirrhosis, but common among those with histologically detected cirrhosis. More than 90% of subjects with an original diagnosis of transfusion‐related hepatitis C have remained positive for antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV), most with persistent viremia. Two thirds of the anti‐HCV‐positive individuals have biochemically defined chronic hepatitis, whereas one third have persistently normal enzymes. Taken together, available data suggest that in the first two decades after infection, mortality and morbidity are modest in frequency. Both can be expected to increase as the disease advances to the third and fourth decades after acute infection, especially among those with established cirrhosis. The outcome among those with chronic hepatitis but without cirrhosis remains to be determined.
Shigellosis in the First Two Years of Life

general similarity between the renal effects of aminometradine and of mersalyl suggests that the same mechanism of "resistance" might apply to both drugs. As shown in these results, the increase of chloride excretion exceeded that of sodium after mersalyl but was slightly less than the increase of sodium excretion in the case of aminometradine. This will lessen somewhat the liability of aminometradine to reduce the plasma chloride concentration and also render the development of " resistance" to this drug less probable. Although the effect of mersalyl was greater than that of aminometradine during the first 24 hours after administration of either drug, the urine flow during the second 24 hours was frequently greater after aminometradine. Thus the net effect of the two drugs when they were administered at intervals of 48 hours was comparable. The more sustained and less violent diuresis caused by aminometradine given every 24 or 48 hours, as compared with that produced by mercurial diuretics, which are usually administered two or three times weekly, may be advantageous in some patients with heart failure. The observations that the maximum diuresis from aminometradine often does not develop until the third or fourth day of administration, and that the diuresis caused by a single dose lasts more than 24 hours, suggests that a single dose of 400 mg. is not completely excreted in 24 hours. It is therefore probably advisable not to administer the drug daily but to allow one or two days of freedom from treatment each week. It is possible that the main use of aminometradine may be found in the prophylaxis of oedema in those patients with chronically recurring cardiac failure who constantly require a diuretic. As pointed out by Spencer and Lloyd-Thomas (1953), assessment of the diuretic action of any drug in the treatment of heart failure is fraught with difficulty, owing largely to the tendency of the patients' clinical condition to fluctuate spontaneously, and this applies particularly to the prophylaxis of cardiac oedema. The evidence accumulated so far suggests, however, that a clinical trial of the prophylactic effect of aminometradine would be worth undertaking. Summary
Two step growth process of iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles

In this paper, FePt nanocrystals have been prepared by adding LiBEt3H to the phenyl ether solution of FeCl 2. 4H 2O and Pt(acac) 2 precursors in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine surfactants and 1,2hexadecanediol as the reducing reagent at 195°C, followed by refluxing at 245°C by sol process. Similarly, Pt nanoparticles were made by adding 1, 2-hexadecanediol as the reducing reagent to the phenyl ether solution of Pt (acac) 2. The results of Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that 2 to 7 nm Pt nanoparticles are formed via one step growth whereas, bimetallic 4 nm magnetic FePt nanocryctals are formed by two step growth as core-shell with good uniformity in size and shape. The size measurement results indicated that the standard deviation of FePt nanoparticles improves to 8% because of two step growth process. In order to phase transition from fcc to L1 0 structure , the FePt nanoparticles were annealed at 750°C for 4 h. The structural properties of FePt nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD spectra. To prevent FePt nanoparticles from sintering, NaCl particles were used as the separating media. SEM and TEM observations of FePt show the salt-matrix FePt nanoparticles with size of 40 nm after annealing.
Impulse für die Forschung oder Impulse durch die Forschung: Entwicklungsperspektiven der BI-Forschung in Deutschland

„Business Intelligence“ (BI) ist in der deutschen Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI) als Forschungsfeld fest etabliert. Die BI-Forschung ist speziell in Deutschland durch eine hohe Anwendungsorientierung, eine starke Praxisrelevanz sowie gestaltungsorientierte Forschungsansatze gekennzeichnet. Im Rahmen des „3. Workshops Business Intelligence“ wurde diskutiert, welche Kompetenzen die BI-Forschung in der WI besonders auszeichnen, welche Forschungsrichtungen sowohl aus Forschungs- wie auch aus Praxissicht besonders vielversprechend erscheinen sowie welche Grenzen und Herausforderungen sie adressieren sollte. Als vorlaufiges Fazit kann konstatiert werden, dass es v.a. der integrative Aspekt der BI ist, der im Zentrum der WI-Forschung steht und dass dieser auch Bezugspunkte zu anderen Forschungsgebieten aufzeigt. Gerade angesichts der hohen Reife der BI-Ansatze in der Praxis ist Prototyping ein vielsprechendes Instrument zur uberzeugenden Kommunikation innovativer Forschungsideen – allerdings eines, das wohluberlegt und sehr gezielt eingesetzt werden muss. Auf Seiten der Forschung bringt die inharente Breite des BI-Gegenstandes erhebliche Herausforderungen bei der Abgrenzung und Publikation scharf definierter Forschungsfragen mit sich.
Isoprenoid quinone composition as a guide to the classification of Listeria, Brochothrix, Erysipelothrix and Caryophanon.

Summary: Representatives of the genera Brochothrix, Caryophanon and Listeria all contained fully unsaturated menaquinones as their sole isoprenoid quinones but Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae contained neither menaquinones nor ubiquinones. Menaquinones with six isoprene units were the major isoprenologues in Caryophanon tenue whereas menaquinones with seven isoprene units predominated in Brochot hrix thermosphacta, Listeria grayi, Listeria mono-cytogenes and Listeria murrayi. Listeria denitrificans had menaquinones with nine isoprene units.
A global representation of the carbohydrate structures: a tool for the analysis of glycan.

Glycan resources have been developed of late, such as carbohydrate databases, analysis tools, and algorithms for analysis of carbohydrate features. With this background, bioinformatics approaches to carbohydrate research have recently begun using a large amount of protein and carbohydrate data. This paper introduces one of these projects that elucidates the range of carbohydrate structures. In this study, the variety of carbohydrate structures have been enumerated in a global tree structure called variation trees, using the KEGG GLYCAN database, which is a public-domain glycan resource for bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, a glycosyltransferase mapping list of glycosyltransferases and their catalyzing glycosidic linkages was constructed. From this, we present the composite structure map (CSM), which is a structural variation map integrating its variation trees and glycosyltransferase map list. CSM is able to display, for example, expression data of glycosyltransferases in a compact manner, illustrating its versatility as a new bioinformatics resource and tool capable of analyzing carbohydrate structures on a global scale. These resources are available at http://www.genome. jp/kegg/glycan/.
Molecular Genetic Analyses of Potential β-Galactosidase Genes in Xanthomonas campestris

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which displays no significant β-1,4-D-galactopyranosidase activity, has three annotated β-galactosidase genes in the sequenced genome, designated galA, galB and galC herein. GalA and GalB are similar to glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 2 enzymes, including Escherichia coli LacZ. galA and galB cannot express detectable activity even after being cloned in-frame and driven by the vector’s promoter. GalC is a GH35 enzyme homologous to the Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis Bga. The latter cleaves β,1-3-linked galactose 1,000 times faster than β,1-4-linked galactose and is not responsible for lactose utilization. In X. campestris pv. campestris cells, GalC is readily detectable by Western blotting, and the levels can be increased by cloning the gene under the control of the vector’s promoter. Results of insertional mutation, transcriptional fusion assay and Western blotting indicated that galC, clustered with several GH genes, is cotranscribed with the upstream gene(s) and is expressed constitutively. Xc17L is a previously isolated mutant with elevated β-galactosidase activity and a greatly improved ability to grow on lactose. Results of DNA sequencing of Xc17L galA, galB and galC, enzyme assays of galA, galB and galC mutants derived from Xc17L, and Western blotting of GalC in Xc17L indicated that the three β-galactosidase genes do not encode the elevated β-galactosidase activity in Xc17L. The presence of a fourth β-galactosidase gene is proposed.
Effect of Space Holder and Compaction Pressure on the Porosity of Sintered Copper

The effect of space-holder content on the porosity of sintered copper that was fabricated by powder metallurgy technique has been investigated. Carbamide was used as space-holder and the content selected was 10 wt. %, 20 wt. % and 30 wt. %. A roll mill was used to mix the copper powder and the carbamide particles with rotation speed of 160 rpm for 2 hours. The mixture was compacted by hand press at 200-350MPa and sintered under argon atmosphere at 800°C. True density of the sample was determined by a gas pycnometer. Bulk density was determined using mass and volume of the sample. Result shows that the sintered porous copper with 30 wt. % of space-holder produced the highest porosity and the lowest density. Microstructure of pores was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) which reveals the elongated pores interconnected to each other.
A Study on Gamma Irradiation Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles

A study on the effect of gamma radiation dose and dose rate on the yield of copper nanoparticles produced had been done. Its objective is to show the relationship between the absorbed doses with the yield of production. The copper sulphate solution is prepared with addition of ethanol as radical scavenger. Then the solution is bubbled with nitrogen for before being irradiated at different absorbed dose and dose rate. There are five different dose rates being used in this experiment. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to detect directly the quantity of copper nanoparticles produced. The AAS results show positive linear relationship between the yields of copper nanoparticles with increasing absorbed dose. Yield of production show independency with dose rate at every absorbed dose. AAS result is supported with UV‐Vis analysis data on the supernatant from irradiated products. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirms the existence of copper nanoparticles in all samples that being irradiated a.
Lifelong Machine Learning Test

In this paper, we propose to measure the intelligence of an agent by measuring how fast its knowledge level increases after learning related tasks. In this paper, we propose a new Lifelong Machine Learning Test. An agent can pass the test if it can learn unrestricted number of tasks over time and its knowledge level can increase when new tasks are learned. In the proposed test, both an agent’s current performance and its performance growth rate are taking into account. We also give a new theoretical requirement and a novel empirical evaluation metric for the proposed lifelong machine learning test.
Pregnancy Rh Incompatibility in Pregnancy

Rh incompatibility [4] occurs when a pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh-negative is exposed to Rh-positive blood from her fetus [5], leading to the mother? s development of Rh antibodies. These antibodies have the potential to cross the placenta [6] and attach to fetal red blood cells, resulting in hemolysis, or destruction of the fetus? s red blood cells. This causes the fetus [5] to become anemic, which can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn. In severe cases, an intrauterine blood transfusion for the fetus [5] may be required to correct the anemia [7].