Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of explicit targets for monetary policy : practical experiences of 91 economies in the 1990 s

In June 1999 the Bank of England hosted its sixth Central Bank Governors’ Symposium. This year the subject was ‘Monetary policy frameworks in a global context’, based on a report prepared by DeAnne Julius of the Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee and Maxwell Fry, Lavan Mahadeva, Sandra Roger and Gabriel Sterne of the Bank’s Centre for Central Banking Studies (CCBS). In this article Gabriel Sterne draws on one of the chapters of the report. The report uses a survey of 91 central banks to assess developments in monetary frameworks across a wide cross-section of economies. The final report, along with a selection of papers originally presented at a CCBS Academic Workshop in November 1998, will be published by Routledge in mid 2000. (1)
Community Detection in Multi-Layer Graphs: A Survey

Community detection, also known as graph clustering, has been extensively studied in the literature. The goal of community detection is to partition vertices in a complex graph into densely-connected components socalled communities. In recent applications, however, an entity is associated with multiple aspects of relationships, which brings new challenges in community detection. The multiple aspects of interactions can be modeled as a multi-layer graph comprised of multiple interdependent graphs, where each graph represents an aspect of the interactions. Great efforts have therefore been made to tackle the problem of community detection in multi-layer graphs. In this survey, we provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of community detection in multi-layer graphs and compare the state-of-the-art algorithms with respect to their underlying properties.
Mel'nikov Analysis of Homoclinic Chaos in a Perturbed sine-Gordon Equation

We describe and characterize rigorously the chaotic behavior of the sine-Gordon equation. The existence of invariant manifolds and the persistence of homoclinic orbits for a perturbed sine--Gordon equation are established. We apply a geometric method based on Mel'nikov's analysis to derive conditions for the transversal intersection of invariant manifolds of a hyperbolic point of the perturbed Poincare map.
A CMOS down-conversion mixer with high IIP2 and IIP3 for multi-band and multiple standards

The linearity and noise requirements in multi-band multi-standard applications make the design of RF CMOS mixers a very challenging task. In this paper a new highly linear CMOS mixer based on the Gilbert-cell topology is proposed. We introduce a second- and third-order distortion cancellation mechanisms using Post-distortion harmonic cancellation (PDHC). A Volterra series analysis of the transconductance stage of the proposed mixer is reported to show the effectiveness of the Post-distortion harmonic cancellation technique. Our design also implements a Dynamic Current Injection along with an LC filter in the switching stage to improve the Noise Figure. Electrical simulations are performed on extracted layout from our topology, using an IBM 0.13 mm CMOS process demonstrate the improvements on IIP3 and IIP2 in comparison to the conventional Gilbert cell. We achieved a conversion gain of 10.2dB with a NF of 11.89 dB for the design of a downconverter centered at 2GHz, with a low-IF of 500kHz. The mixer achieves an IIP2 and IIP3 of +55.51dBm and +10.85dBm respectively, while consuming only 5.28mW from a 1.2V supply.
Precise Lamination of Retinal Axons Generates Multiple Parallel Input Pathways in the Tectum

The axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) form topographic connections in the optic tectum, recreating a two-dimensional map of the visual field in the midbrain. RGC axons are also targeted to specific positions along the laminar axis of the tectum. Understanding the sensory transformations performed by the tectum requires identification of the rules that control the formation of synaptic laminae by RGC axons. However, there is little information regarding the spatial relationships between multiple axons as they establish laminar and retinotopic arborization fields within the same region of neuropil. Moreover, the contribution of RGC axon lamination to the processing of visual information is unknown. We used Brainbow genetic labeling to visualize groups of individually identifiable axons during the assembly of a precise laminar map in the larval zebrafish tectum. Live imaging of multiple RGCs revealed that axons target specific sublaminar positions during initial innervation and maintain their relative laminar positions throughout early larval development, ruling out a model for lamina selection based on iterative refinements. During this period of laminar stability, RGC arbors undergo structural rearrangements that shift their relative retinotopic positions. Analysis of cell-type-specific lamination patterns revealed that distinct combinations of RGCs converge to form each sublamina, and this input heterogeneity correlates with different functional responses to visual stimuli. These findings suggest that lamina-specific sorting of retinal inputs provides an anatomical blueprint for the integration of visual features in the tectum.
A novel solution to improve uplink synchronization control in OFDM-based mobile networks

In OFDM-based mobile networks, uplink synchronization is essential in order for an eNB (evolved Node Base station) to handle a variety of interference issues. To guarantee uplink synchronization control, the HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat-reQuest) mechanism is applied into the process of its TAC (Timing Advance Command) transmission in current standards. But HARQ conflicts with the TAC scheduling mechanism in nature, because TAC control information is typically scheduled for transmission at the end of a synchronization period in order to save signaling overhead by reducing TAT (Time Alignment Timer) restart frequency. To handle the conflict between the extra HARQ retransmission delay and TAC scheduling mechanism, we propose a novel TO (Time Offset)-TAC solution that can remove the side effects from TAC information delivery caused by the extra delay of HARQ retransmission. We conduct system-level simulation experiments to evaluate our proposal's performance gain. Results demonstrate that our solution can avoid losing synchronization due to its TAT expiration, at a slight penalty of signaling overhead. This study is the first effort at addressing how to guarantee uplink time alignment in the control layer, which is the basis for suppressing interference from “time-staggered symbols” among multiple paths.
Three-Phase Five-Level PWM DC – DC Converter Using H-Bridge

A three-phase dc–dc converter based on the threephase neutral point clamped (NPC) commutation cell is proposed, which is intended for use in applications where the energy from a medium dc bus voltage needs to be processed. In this paper, all six continuous conduction modes (CCMs) are described, presenting the main waveforms and equations. For the discontinuous conduction modes the main equations are also provided for a complete converter characterization. Finally a Hbridge is proposed to get five levels.
Exploiting Collective Spontaneous Mobility to Improve Location Prediction of Mobile Phone Users

Location prediction based on cellular network traces is a very challenging task due to the randomness of the human mobility patterns. With the help of the abundant social interaction data contained in the cellular network, this paper focus on this question: How can knowing the location and the assembled and dismissed behavior of my friends be used to more accurately predict my location? We find out that the collective effect users' mobility spontaneously. We tested it in 2 ways. And find that 1: User tend to remain himself at the area where his friends are denser. 2: The more impact from friends would come from my more favorite place. And we present a prediction model according to these two phenomena. The result shows that this model did improve location prediction from 2.6% to 12.9%, for the users with enough social information.
Management processes in marketing planning

There has been concern in the literature about the adequacy of the traditional model of marketing planning, which focuses on what decisions should be made and not on how to make them. The aim of this article is a new conceptualisation that proposes key management processes about how marketing planning decisions are made in a dynamic context. The motives for this conceptualisation are to contribute to understanding by advancing the traditional model of marketing planning, to stimulate academic and practitioner debate about how marketing planning decisions are made, and to initiate new directions in marketing planning research. Two new competing models of marketing planning are developed, which address key management processes about how marketing planning decisions are made in a dynamic context, and research directions are proposed.
Deconstructive and Reconstructive Techniques in Treatment of Vertebrobasilar Dissecting Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Seventeen studies with 478 patients were included in this analysis, evaluating immediate occlusion, long-term occlusion, long-term good neurologic outcome, perioperative morbidity, perioperative mortality, rebleed (ruptured only), recurrence, and retreatment. Endovascular treatment of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms showed high rates of complete occlusion and good long-term outcomes. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Various endovascular techniques have been applied to the treatment of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms, including parent artery preservation with coiling, stent placement or flow diverter placement, and trapping and proximal occlusion. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients undergoing endovascular treatment of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search for studies on the endovascular treatment of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. From each study we abstracted the following data: immediate occlusion, long-term occlusion, long-term good neurologic outcome, perioperative morbidity, perioperative mortality, rebleed (ruptured only), recurrence, and retreatment. We performed subgroup analyses of patients undergoing deconstructive-versus-reconstructive techniques. Meta-analysis was performed by using a random effects model. RESULTS: Seventeen studies with 478 patients were included in this analysis. Sixteen studies had at least 6 months of clinical/angiographic follow-up. Endovascular treatment was associated with high rates of long-term occlusion (87.0%; 95% CI, 74.0%–94.0%) and low recurrence (7.0%; 95% CI, 5.0%–10.0%) and retreatment rates (3.0%; 95% CI, 2.0%–6.0%). Long-term good neurologic outcome was 84.0% (95% CI, 65.0%–94.0%). Deconstructive techniques were associated with higher rates of long-term complete occlusion compared with reconstructive techniques (88.0%; 95% CI, 35.0%–99.0% versus 81.0%; 95% CI, 64.0%–91.0%; P < .0001). Deconstructive and reconstructive techniques were both associated with high rates of good neurologic outcome (86.0%; 95% CI, 68.0%–95.0% versus 92.0%; 95% CI, 86.0%–95.0%; P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms is associated with high rates of complete occlusion and good long-term neurologic outcomes. Deconstructive techniques are associated with higher occlusion rates. There was no statistical difference in neurologic outcomes between groups, possibly due to low power.
Fine mapping of epitopes by intradomain Kd/Dd recombinants

11 intradomain recombinants between H-2Kd and H-2Dd were produced using an original technique based on in vivo recombination in Escherichia coli. After transfection into mouse L cells, all these recombinants were expressed at high levels on the cell surface. The specificities of 77 mAbs were examined on these cell lines. mAbs could be organized in 12 groups. In each group, a small number of amino acids participating in the recognized epitope(s) were identified. In a few instances, noncontinuous epitopes comprising amino acids belonging to different domains of the antigen were found. The data thus obtained are compatible with those produced in previous exon-shuffling experiments, but permit a much more precise definition of recognized epitope(s).
Peran Brand Image Dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Electronic Word of Mouth Terhadap Niat Beli

Makanan merupakan hal yang penting karena merupakan kebutuhan pokok manusia. Richeese Factory adalah sebuah jariangan rumah makan siap saji asal Indonesia dengan menu ayam goreng pedas dengan saus keju yang merupakan anak Perusahaan dari Kaldu Sari Nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran brand image dalam memediasi pengaruh electronic word of mouth terhadap niat beli produk Recheese Factory di Denpasar. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden dan menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik anlisis jalur (path analysis). Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa electronic word of mouth berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Brand image memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Brand image positif dan signifikan memediasi pengaruh antara electronic word of mouth terhadap niat beli. Saran yang dapat diberikan berdasarkan hasil penelitian adalah Richeese Factory harus lebih meningkatkan inovasi dan membuka cabang lebih banyak sehingga akan memberikan dampat atau manfaat yang positif yang lebih bagi konsumen untuk lebih tahu produk yang dimiliki Richeese Factory.
Evolving Transport in the Internet

The Internet's transport layer - the SOCK_STREAM service from TCP and the SOCK_DGRAM service from UDP--has seen little evolution over the past three decades, despite wildly changing requirements. Indeed, the movement of the "waist" of the protocol stack hourglass from IP up the stack toward HTTP (over TLS) over TCP has combined with a proliferation of middleboxes that make stringent assumptions about the structure of the traffic they will pass to reduce protocol diversity over time. This ossification has reduced our ability to evolve transport protocols to meet these new application requirements. In this work, the authors describe aspects of this problem and propose a solution space and agenda for improving the situation.
ConCom - a language and protocol for communication of context

With ConCom, we address the area of communication in wireless networks. We focus on heterogeneous settings with highly mobile devices carrying limited resources. ConCom present a way to express and communicate information, especially context, in a way that is similar to a naturally spoken language. ConCom uses sentences with a subject and attributes in its structure to represent and organize the transport of context and data. ConCom works connectionless and without addressing and forms an efficient way to exchange information in ubiquitous computing environments. We implemented ConCom and show applications taking advantage of it.
Equal Gain Beamforming in Rayleigh Fading Channels

Precoding techniques with limited feedback information can achieve satisfactory performance while the amount of feedback information is kept small. In this paper, we analyze the theoretical performance of equal gain precoder and find that its performance is at most 1.049 dB worse than the optimal precoder no matter how the number of transmit antennas increases. Moreover, we found that the equal gain precoder in general can achieve comparable performance with the Grassmannian precoder in the same moderate feedback bits. Hence, it has several advantages compared with the Grassmannian precoder that we will explain later in the paper.
Object-Oriented Modelling and Simulation of Air Flow in Data Centres Based on a Quasi-3D Approach for Energy Optimisation

Cloud computing has recently received considerable attention, as a promising approach for delivering ICT services by improving the utilisation of data centre resources. On the other hand, the increased usage of ICT, jointly with the increased cost of energy, make designing and managing data centres with energy efficient strategies a crucial and strategical problem. In the literature there are many studies based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation models. While the obtained results are usually very reliable and accurate, the massive use of such models for control design require a large amount of time due to their computational complexity and scarce flexibility. In addition, CFD models are usually quite sensitive to any kind of change to the operating conditions, e.g. When varying the considered load balancing algorithm. In this paper, we propose a modelling and simulation framework suited for control design, that is able to simulate both heating and energy phenomena, and different load balancing strategies in a data centre. The purpose of this work is to provide a tool to perform energy-efficiency targeted studies, providing accurate and reliable results.
Cross-clade neutralization of primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by human monoclonal antibodies and tetrameric CD4-IgG

We have tested three human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) IgG1b12, 2G12, and 2F5) to the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and a tetrameric CD4-IgG molecule (CD4-IgG2), for the ability to neutralize primary HIV-1 isolates from the genetic clades A through F and from group O. Each of the reagents broadly and potently neutralized B-clade isolates. The 2F5 MAb and the CD4-IgG2 molecule also neutralized strains from outside the B clade, with the same breadth and potency that they showed against B-clade strains. The other two MAbs were able to neutralize a significant proportion of strains from outside the B clade, although there was a reduction in their efficacy compared with their activity against B-clade isolates. Neutralization of isolates by 2F5 correlated with their possession of the LDKW motif in a segment of gp41 near the membrane-spanning domain. The other two MAbs and CD4-IgG2 recognize discontinuous binding sites on gp120, and so no comparison between genetic sequence and virus neutralization was possible. Our data show that a vaccine based on the induction of humoral immunity that is broadly active across the genetic clades is not impossible if immunogens that express the epitopes for MAbs such as 2F5, 2G12, and IgG1b12 in immunogenic configurations can be created. Furthermore, if the three MAbs and CD4-IgG2 produce clinical benefit in immunotherapeutic trials in the United States or Europe, they may also do so elsewhere in the world.
Trends in BMI of urban Australian adults, 1980–2000

Abstract Objective To analyse changes in the distribution of BMI in Australia between 1980 and 2000. Design Data were from the 1980, 1983 and 1989 National Heart Foundation Risk Factor Prevalence Study, the 1995 National Nutrition Survey and the 1999/2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. Survey participants were aged 25–64 years and resident in Australian capital cities. BMI was calculated as weight divided by height squared (kg/m2), where weight and height were measured using standard procedures. Results Mean BMI was higher in 2000 than 1980 in all sex and age groups. The age-adjusted increase was 1·4 kg/m2 in men and 2·1 kg/m2 in women. The BMI distribution shifted rightwards for all sex and age groups and became increasingly right-skewed. The change between 1980 and 2000 ranged from a decrease of 0·04 kg/m2 at the lower end of the distribution for men aged 25–34 years to an increase of 7·4 kg/m2 at the higher end for women aged 55–64 years. While the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) doubled, the prevalence of obesity class III (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) increased fourfold. Conclusions BMI in urban Australian adults has increased and its distribution has become increasingly right-skewed. This has resulted in a large increase in the prevalence of obesity, particularly the more severe levels of obesity. It will be important to monitor changes in the different classes of obesity and the extent to which obesity interventions both shift the BMI distribution leftwards and decrease the skew of the distribution.
The Information Flow Problem on Clock Networks

The information flow problem on a network asks whether $r$ senders, $v_1,v_2, \ldots ,v_r$ can each send messages to $r$ corresponding receivers $v_{n+1}, \ldots ,v_{n+r}$ via intermediate nodes $v_{r+1}, \ldots ,v_n$. For a given finite $R \subset \mathbb{Z}^+$, the clock network $N_n(R)$ has edge $v_iv_k$ if and only if $k>r$ and $k-i \in R$. We show that the information flow problem on $N_n(\{1,2, \ldots ,r\})$ can be solved for all $n \geq r$. We also show that for any finite $R$ such that $\gcd(R)=1$ and $r = \max(R)$, we show that the information flow problem can be solved on $N_n(R)$ for all $n \geq 3r^3$.
INTRODUCTION: IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, THE PARADIGM OF FUNCTIONAL DIGESTIVE DISORDERS

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional digestive disorder, and may affect 11-20% of the adult population in industrialized countries. In accordance with Rome III criteria (2006) IBS involves abdominal pain and bowel habit disturbance, which are not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. Several hypotheses attempt to account for the pathophysiology of IBS, but the etiology still remains uncertain or obscure, perhaps multifactorial. Abnormalities in colonic microflora have recently been suggested in such patients, as has abnormal smallintestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), or in particular a significant reduction in the amount of intraluminal Bifidobacteria or Lactobacilli, with consequences like the production of colonic gas, and motility or sensitivity disturbances of the intestinal tract. The disorder is difficult to treat, and the wide spectrum of non-drug and drug treatments shows our ignorance about the cause of the condition. Newer drugs, both proand anti-serotonin, have failed to show long-term efficacy or have been withdrawn due to concerns about harmful effects. Recent research has provided increasing support for the idea that disturbances of intestinal microbiota occur in patients with IBS, and that such abnormalities may contribute to IBS symptoms. Studies in Scandinavian countries in the last ten years emphasize the role of probiotics in the modulation of intestinal microbiota, and as a consequence in the regulation of the motility and hypersensitivity of the digestive tract. Although results between studies are difficult to compare because of differences in study design, probiotic dose, strain, and duration of therapy, some studies show symptom improvement. Lactobacilli are found among the normal bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract, and Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) is one of the species frequently isolated from the human mucosa, which is capable of surviving the low pH of the stomach and duodenum, resisting the effect of bile acids in the upper small intestine when ingested, and temporarily colonizing the gastrointestinal tract by binding to the intestinal and colonic mucosa. Concurrent with colonization by Lp there is a decrease in bacterial groups with gas-producing ability, such as Veillonella spp. and Clostridia spp. Evidence has now accumulated to suggest the efficacy of certain probiotics like Lp299v, which may be capable of bringing about a significant reduction in pain, abdominal distension and flatulence, while increasing health-related quality of life in IBS.