Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empathic Engagement with Narrative Fictions

There is still little consensus among scholars has not yet been brought to bear on the philoregarding how best to characterize the relationsophical debate regarding readers' relationship between readers of fictional narratives and ships to fictional characters. In this section, I the characters in those narratives. ' Part of the discuss several studies that examine the activproblem is that many of the explanatory ities involved in narrative comprehension. This concepts used in the debate-concepts like research provides an important source of empiridentification and empathy-are somewhat ical support for the claim that adopting the vague or ambiguous. In this article, I consider perspective of fictional characters typically some recent relevant empirical research on text plays an important part in our engagement with processing and narrative comprehension and narratives. argue for a pluralist account of character Several recent empirical studies indicate that engagement, in which empathy plays an importreaders tend to adopt a position within the spatioant role. In Section I, I review several empirical temporal framework of narratives that is based studies that strongly suggest that readers often on the position of the protagonist.2 In a repreadopt the perspective of one or more of the sentative study, Rinck and Bower ran a series of characters in fictional narratives. In Section II, experiments on the focus of readers' attention.3 I turn to the concept of empathy and provide an They had readers memorize the diagram of a explanation of empathy based on models and building and objects located within it. Readers research in empirical psychology. I focus in then read narratives describing characters' activparticular on self-other differentiation, a critical ities and movements in that building. While feature of empathy that has been underemphareading, they were probed with target sentences sized in the literature. Next I discuss two referring to memorized objects within the buildpsychological phenomena that are closely ing's rooms. The consistent finding was that related to empathy and often confused or readers were able to process the target sentences conflated with it: emotional contagion and describing objects close to the current location sympathy. In the final section of the paper, I of the protagonist much faster than target senemploy the account of empathy developed in tences describing objects that were farther away Section II to address Noel Carroll's objections from the protagonist or that had been visited by to the view that readers typically empathize the protagonist earlier in the narrative. Based on with fictional characters. this finding, Rinck and Bower concluded that readers were experiencing the narrative from the spatiotemporal standpoint of the protagonist. In
Curry-Howard for GUIs Or , User Interfaces via Linear Temporal , Classical Linear Logic

Graphical user interface toolkits are one of the most commonly encountered higher-order interfaces. Even in languages (such as Java and C++) where programmers tend to avoid higher-order abstractions, the GUI libraries invariably expose a higher-order API. The ruling abstraction for these libraries is the event. The user interface is thought of as something that changes over time, and programmers may register their interest in particular events by passing the UI a callback function to invoke whenever the event happens. Programming in an event-based style (even using standard patterns such as model-view-controller [11]) is notoriously difficult: programmers must write imperative, higher-order programs in continuation-passing style! Within the functional programming community, a popular proposal for taming this complexity is functional reactive programming [6]. This model eliminates imperative state from the semantic model of interactive programs by treating timevarying values as first-class datatype, and eliminates concurrency by taking a synchronous view of time. This is known to be an expressive and principled approach — a recent line of work [9, 10, 12] shows that functional reactive programming can be thought of as a Curry-Howard style lambda calculus for linear temporal logic. However, the conceptual basis of modern GUI toolkits and FRP are seemingly incompatible. Traditional GUI toolkits present an asynchronous model of time to the programmer. Conceptually, each widget in a user interface has its own logical sequence of events, and there is no intrinsic relative ordering between the events occuring in two different widgets: if a programmer wants to order the events occuring on two different widgets, they must write synchronization code themselves. In contrast, the semantics of FRP is based on a synchronous model of time. As a result, within the semantics it is always reasonable to compare any two events for when they occur, no matter where they come from — time is global. As a result of this mismatch, there have been very few serious attempts to integrate the FRP and the event-based model of GUIs ([8] being a notable exception), with most attempts to build FRP UI libraries taking a clean-slate approach. However, the event-based model was not adopted idly! Used carefully, it offers some very significant advantages. First, the event-based style means that when a widget is not reacting to an event, it does no computation at all, which may offer significant performance benefits over the basic FRP style. Second, programmers do informal reasoning about GUIs, which treats each widget as a little process communicating with other widgets via message passing. In particular, programmers rely heavily on the fact that widgets which do not communicate with each other at all do not affect each other’s behavior. This “frame rule” style principle greatly simplifies building dynamic GUIs, where the widget hierarchy changes as the program executes.
Constructing Dutch Immigrant Policy: Research–Policy Relations and Immigrant Integration Policy-Making in the Netherlands

The development of Dutch immigrant policy over the past decades has been characterised by the rise and fall of several policy frames. The role that social researchers and research institutes have played in these frame shifts has changed significantly. This article reveals that there was a clear relation between the structure of the policy-making process in the Netherlands, including the division of labour between social research and policy-makers therein, and the culture of policy-making or how immigrant integration was framed. A trend was discerned from a technocratic policy structure with a very direct role of researchers in depoliticised processes of policy-making to more engineering-like policy structures with a strong political primacy and a more selective approach to using scientific expertise for legitimating policy discourse. This article argues that these structural changes provided an important condition for the rise of a more assimilationist frame of immigrant policy in the Netherlands.
Das Teamklima-Inventar (TKI) für Innovation in Gruppen: Psychometrische Überprüfung an einer deutschen Stichprobe

Zusammenfassung. In diesem Artikel wird die Validierung eines multidimensionalen Tests zur Messung des Klimas fur Innovation in Arbeitsgruppen berichtet - das Teamklima-Inventar (TKI, Brodbeck, Anderson & West, 2000), eine Adaptation des Team Climate Inventory (TCI, Anderson & West, 1994). Zunachst wird ein kurzer Uberblick uber Theorien des Klimas in Organisationen gegeben und der Bedarf fur eine facettenspezifische Messung des Klimas auf Gruppenebene wird herausgestellt. Danach wird die Vier-Faktorentheorie des Teamklimas fur Innovation und ihre Operationalisierung in Form des TKI beschrieben. Anschliesend prasentieren wir empirische Ergebnisse aus deutschsprachigen Landern zur Reliabilitat (interne Konsistenz), Konstruktvaliditat (konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse), Kriteriumsvaliditat (selbst- und fremdeingeschatzte Innovation und Leistung im Team) und zur Inter-Rater-Ubereinstimmung im Team, sowie verschiedene Standardkennwerte der verwendeten Skalen und Items. Die Stichprobe umfasst insgesamt N = 810.
Temporal relationship between genetic and warning signal variation in the aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis)

Many plants and animals advertise unpalatability through warning signals in the form of colour and shape. Variation in warning signals within local populations is not expected because they are subject to directional selection. However, mounting evidence of warning signal variation within local populations suggests that other selective forces may be acting. Moreover, different selective pressures may act on the individual components of a warning signal. At present, we have a limited understanding about how multiple selection processes operate simultaneously on warning signal components, and even less about their temporal and spatial dynamics. Here, we examined temporal variation of several wing warning signal components (colour, UV‐reflectance, signal size and pattern) of two co‐occurring colour morphs of the aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis). Sampling was carried out in four geographical regions over three consecutive years. We also evaluated each morph's temporal genetic structure by analysing mitochondrial sequence data and nuclear microsatellite markers. Our results revealed temporal differences between the morphs for most signal components measured. Moreover, variation occurred differently in the fore‐ and hindwings. We found no differences in the genetic structure between the morphs within years and regions, suggesting single local populations. However, local genetic structure fluctuated temporally. Negative correlations were found between variation produced by neutrally evolving genetic markers and those of the different signal components, indicating a non‐neutral evolution for most warning signal components. Taken together, our results suggest that differential selection on warning signal components and fluctuating population structure can be one explanation for the maintenance of warning signal variation in this aposematic species.
Ribbon Model based path tracking method for autonomous land vehicle

To address the path tracking problem of autonomous land vehicle, a new vehicle-road model named “Ribbon Model” is constructed under the constraints of road width and vehicle geometry structure. A new vehicle-road evaluation algorithm is developed based on this model, and new path tracking controller is designed. The difficulties of preview distance selection and parameters tuning with speed of pure following controller are avoided in this controller. Performance of the novel method is verified by simulation and vehicle experiments.
ABLE: An Activity-Based Level Set Segmentation Algorithm for Two-Photon Calcium Imaging Data

Abstract We present an algorithm for detecting the location of cells from two-photon calcium imaging data. In our framework, multiple coupled active contours evolve, guided by a model-based cost function, to identify cell boundaries. An active contour seeks to partition a local region into two subregions, a cell interior and exterior, in which all pixels have maximally “similar” time courses. This simple, local model allows contours to be evolved predominantly independently. When contours are sufficiently close, their evolution is coupled, in a manner that permits overlap. We illustrate the ability of the proposed method to demix overlapping cells on real data. The proposed framework is flexible, incorporating no prior information regarding a cell’s morphology or stereotypical temporal activity, which enables the detection of cells with diverse properties. We demonstrate algorithm performance on a challenging mouse in vitro dataset, containing synchronously spiking cells, and a manually labelled mouse in vivo dataset, on which ABLE (the proposed method) achieves a 67.5% success rate.
“Adults talk too much”: Intergenerational dialogue and power in the Peruvian movement of working children

Recent work on children’s participatory rights has suggested the need to pay attention to adult–child relationships and foster intergenerational dialogue. Drawing on ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews with the Peruvian movement of working children, this article explores the ambiguous and complex status of adult voice in organizations that have taken up children’s participation. The ideal of egalitarian intergenerational collaboration is incredibly difficult to implement given the broader social context of age-based inequality. Despite good intentions and a deep commitment to children’s agency and authority, adults and children in this movement continue to replicate deeply structured patterns of behavior that give adults greater power.
An Investigation of the Leptin Levels of Footballers and Wrestlers in Terms of Aerobic Capacity

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the association among the leptin levels and aerobic capacities of footballers, wrestlers and sedentary group. The study included a total of 130 volunteers (43 footballers, 41 wrestlers and 46 sedentary). The results showed a statistically significant difference between footballers and the sedentary group in terms of leptin levels both male and female. Leptin levels of the females were significantly higher than the males for all groups while MaxVO2 levels of the males were significantly higher than the males for all groups. The correlations between serum leptin levels and MaxVO2 levels of both males and females were no significant in all groups. Besides, as the aerobic capacity of the groups who did sports increased, their serum leptin levels decreased. Consequently, it can be ascertained that serum leptin levels of footballers and wrestlers are lower than those of the sedentary group and this difference is caused by the athletes’ aerobic capacities.
Nasal Epithelial Cells Can Act as a Physiological Surrogate for Paediatric Asthma Studies

Introduction Differentiated paediatric epithelial cells can be used to study the role of epithelial cells in asthma. Nasal epithelial cells are easier to obtain and may act as a surrogate for bronchial epithelium in asthma studies. We assessed the suitability of nasal epithelium from asthmatic children to be a surrogate for bronchial epithelium using air-liquid interface cultures. Methods Paired nasal and bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children (n = 9) were differentiated for 28 days under unstimulated and IL-13-stimulated conditions. Morphological and physiological markers were analysed using immunocytochemistry, transepithelial-electrical-resistance, Quantitative Real-time-PCR, ELISA and multiplex cytokine/chemokine analysis. Results Physiologically, nasal epithelial cells from asthmatic children exhibit similar cytokine responses to stimulation with IL-13 compared with paired bronchial epithelial cells. Morphologically however, nasal epithelial cells differed significantly from bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic patients under unstimulated and IL-13-stimulated conditions. Nasal epithelial cells exhibited lower proliferation/differentiation rates and lower percentages of goblet and ciliated cells when unstimulated, while exhibiting a diminished and varied response to IL-13. Conclusions We conclude that morphologically, nasal epithelial cells would not be a suitable surrogate due to a significantly lower rate of proliferation and differentiation of goblet and ciliated cells. Physiologically, nasal epithelial cells respond similarly to exogenous stimulation with IL-13 in cytokine production and could be used as a physiological surrogate in the event that bronchial epithelial cells are not available.
The Effects of Warning-Label Placement in Print ADS: A Social Contract Perspective

Although some research into warning labels in advertisements has been conducted, little examines the impact of the placement of labels in print ads, including consumer responses to warning label placement and consumer response effects. Social contract theory suggests that consumers may, somewhat paradoxically, put a relatively high value on an advertisement of a brand that prominently displays warning information, rather than minimizing it. Our research probes the relevance of social contract assumptions by reviewing current print advertisement warning practices with a content analysis (CA) of consumer magazines and by testing the effectiveness of label placement strategies with a between-subjects experiment. Validating social contract assumptions, our study shows more positive consumer responses for recall, attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, purchase intention, and responsible advertising when warnings are overtly rather than discreetly placed in print ads. Also, we develop a robust, multi-item responsible advertising scale. Our paper explores the implications and directions for future research from our warning label findings.
Model-Based Diagnosis for Open Systems Fault Management

The information model chosen by the ISO for the management of open systems is objectdoriented. We provide an effective mapping from the structural and behavioural specification of the managed objects of open systems to a compact logical form suitable for modeldbased diagnosis. Based thereon, we present an efficient algorithm that localizes faults by repairing logical models invalidated through system observations and show that it computes all minimal diagnoses.
Behavioral Norms and Expectations on Antarctic Stations

This study examined the organizational culture of Australian Antarctic stations in terms of behavioral norms and expectations. The study also investigated the relationship between perceptions of Antarctic station culture and individual attitudes and job outcomes. Participants were 116 returned Australian Antarctic expeditioners. Results showed that the overall profile of Antarctic station culture reflected a satisfaction-oriented culture, with the majority of participants describing Antarctic stations as open, friendly, and participatory environments. However, results also revealed gender differences in perceptions of Antarctic station norms and expectations. Although men generally described Antarctic station culture as open and team oriented, women described it as rule-oriented, hierarchical, and nonparticipatory. Perceptions of Antarctic station culture were related to individual attitudes, including satisfaction with being a member of the expedition and intention to return to the Antarctic.
Driver or Coincidence Detector: Modal Switch of a Corticothalamic Giant Synapse Controlled by Spontaneous Activity and Short-Term Depression

Giant synapses between layer 5B (L5B) neurons of somatosensory (barrel) cortex and neurons of the posteromedial nucleus (POm) of thalamus reside in a key position of the cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) loop, yet their synaptic properties and contribution to CTC information processing remain poorly understood. Fluorescence-guided local stimulation of terminals were combined with postsynaptic whole-cell recordings in thalamus to study synaptic transmission at an identified giant synapse. We found large EPSCs mediated by Ca2+-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptors. A single presynaptic electrical stimulus evoked a train of postsynaptic action potentials, indicating that a single L5B input can effectively drive the thalamic neuron. Repetitive stimulation caused strong short-term depression (STD) with fast recovery. To examine how these synaptic properties affect information transfer, spontaneous and evoked activity of L5B neurons was recorded in vivo and played back to giant terminals in vitro. We found that suprathreshold synaptic transmission was suppressed because of spontaneous activity causing strong STD of the L5B–POm giant synapse. Thalamic neurons only spiked after intervals of presynaptic silence or when costimulating two giant terminals. Therefore, STD caused by spontaneous activity of L5B neurons can switch the synapse from a “driver mode” to a “coincidence mode. ” Mechanisms decreasing spontaneous activity in L5B neurons and inputs synchronized by a sensory stimulus may thus gate the cortico-thalamo-cortical loop.
A Foundation for the Internationalization of the Academic Self

This article identifies the limitations of contemporary organizational theory on the internationalization of higher education in guiding and supporting internationalization activities at the level of the academic Self. A way forward is provided through Cranton's notion of authenticity in teaching in higher education, which presents a platform for understanding the academic Self through critically reflective and self-reflective processes. Cranton's work is then expanded using the concept of cosmopolitanism to enhance the potential for individual teachers to internationalize their personal and professional outlooks. In sum, this article highlights the importance of the exhortation from Socrates to know thyself as a precondition to better understand Others. Furthermore, the article provides the fundamental underpinnings of a conceptual framework for the internationalization of the academic Self.
Adult Age and Gender Differences in Eyewitness Recall in Field Settings1

Six-hundred-fifty-one citizens were stopped in public places and tested for prompted recall of physical characteristics of a young woman to whom they had spoken for approximately 15 s, 2 min earlier. Recall differed as a function of the two targets used on five of eight characteristics, but no significant differences were found for either target as a function of the gender or age group of the witnesses. Young adults (18-29 years of age) in general were superior to middle-aged adults (30-44), who in turn were superior to older adults (45-65). Women were significantly more accurate than men in accuracy of recall for weight, and for characteristics judged to be more important than less important for person memory. Male and female witnesses were equally confident in their recall performance. Young and middle-aged groups were significantly more confident in recall than the oldest group. Significant correlations were found between confidence and accuracy of recall for men and for women, and for each age group. Women made significantly longer duration estimates of the encounters with the targets than did men. Men overestimated the duration by a 2:1 ratio, and women overestimated by a 3:1 ratio. No significant correlations were found between accuracy of duration estimates and confidence in reports. The results were interpreted in terms of their forensic importance.
Inhibition of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by 7‐Nitroindazole Protects Against MPTP‐Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice

Abstract: Several studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO•) contributes to cell death following activation of NMDA receptors in cultured cortical, hippocampal, and striatal neurons. In the present study we investigated whether 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI), a specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, can block dopaminergic neurotoxicity seen in mice after systemic administration of MPTP. 7‐NI dose‐dependently protected against MPTP‐induced dopamine depletions using two different dosing regimens of MPTP that produced varying degrees of dopamine depletion. At 50 mg/kg of 7‐NI there was almost complete protection in both paradigms. Similar effects were seen with MPTP‐induced depletions of both homovanillic acid and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. 7‐NI had no significant effect on dopamine transport in vitro and on monoamine oxidase B activity both in vitro and in vivo. One mechanism by which NO• is thought to mediate its toxicity is by interacting with superoxide radical to form peroxynitrite (ONOO−), which then may nitrate tyrosine residues. Consistent with this hypothesis, MPTP neurotoxicity in mice resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of 3‐nitrotyrosine, which was attenuated by treatment with 7‐NI. Our results suggest that NO• plays a role in MPTP neurotoxicity, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease.