Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Empowered Emerging Wireless Networks in 6G: Recent Advancements, Challenges and Future Trends

The upcoming 6G networks are sixth-sense next-generation communication networks with an ever-increasing demand for enhanced end-to-end (E2E) connectivity towards a connected, sustainable world. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled a wide range of novel technologies through the availability of advanced machine learning (ML) models, large datasets, and high computational power. In addition, intelligent resource management is a key feature of 6G networks that enables self-configuration and self-healing by leveraging the parallel computing and autonomous decision-making ability of ML techniques to enhance energy efficiency and computational capacity in 6G networks. Consequently, ML techniques will play a significant role in addressing resource management and mobility management challenges in 6G wireless networks. This article provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art ML algorithms applied in 6G wireless networks, categorized into learning types, including supervised and unsupervised machine learning, Deep Learning (DL), Reinforcement Learning (RL), Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Federated Learning (FL). In particular, we review the ML algorithms applied in the emerging networks paradigm, such as device-to-device (D2D) networks, vehicular networks (Vnet), and Fog-Radio Access Networks (F-RANs). We highlight the ML-based solutions to address technical challenges in terms of resource allocation, task offloading, and handover management. We also provide a detailed review of the ML techniques to improve energy efficiency and reduce latency in 6G wireless networks. To this end, we identify the open research issues and future trends concerning ML-based intelligent resource management applications in 6G networks.
Absolute continuity of the magnetic Schrodinger operator with periodic potential

We consider the magnetic Schr\"odinger operator coupled with two different potentials. One of them is a harmonic oscillator and the other is a periodic potential. We give some periodic potential classes for which the operator has purely absolutely continuous spectrum. We also prove that for strong magnetic field or large coupling constant, there are open gaps in the spectrum and we give a lower bound on their number.
Etude des phénomènes de charges d'espace dans des matériaux de câbles et câbles modèles destinés à des applications au transport d'énergie en Haute Tension Continue (HVDC)

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre general du developpement de câbles haute tension continue (HVDC) a isolation synthetique et se focalise sur l'etude des phenomenes d'accumulation de charges d'espace et de leurs consequences sur la distribution de champ electrique dans les câbles et jonctions de câbles sous gradient thermique. Dans cette etude, des mesures de courant de conduction ont ete realisees sur deux materiaux polymeres: le polyethylene reticule (XLPE), majoritairement utilise comme isolant des câbles a haute tension, et un elastomere (EPDM) servant de materiau de raccordement. Ces resultats issus d'echantillons plans sont utilises pour etablir des modeles semi-empiriques de conductivite fonction de la temperature et du champ electrique. L'incorporation de ces modeles dans un logiciel de simulation numerique a permis par la suite de predire les distributions de densite de charge et de champ dans differentes structures a geometrie plus complexe telles que les câbles et les associations d'isolants, modeles d'accessoires de câbles, soumis a diverses contraintes electriques et thermiques, en regime transitoire. Des mesures de charge d'espace, realisees sur des bicouches d'isolants XLPE/EPDM, sur des câbles maquettes moyenne tension (MV) et mini-câbles, ont ete effectuees par la methode electro-acoustique pulsee. Les resultats obtenus dans les bicouches, modeles de jonctions, sous differentes conditions de temperature et de champ montrent que le signe de la charge d'interface dans les bicouches depend de la temperature et du champ electrique. A ce comportement est associee une discontinuite du champ electrique dans les bicouches. Pour les câbles soumis a un gradient thermique, les resultats montrent le deplacement au cours du temps de la contrainte electrique maximale du semi-conducteur interne au semi-conducteur externe du au gradient de conductivite electrique associe au gradient thermique selon le rayon du câble. Les resultats obtenus par simulation sur les structures bicouches (signe et densite de charge d'interface) et câbles MV sont compatibles avec les profils de densite de charges issus de la mesure sous differentes contraintes electriques et thermiques. Les ecarts observes entre les resultats de simulation et de mesure sont attribues a la presence d'autres phenomenes d'accumulation de charges non pris en compte dans la simulation, lies entre autres a la presence de sous-produits de reticulation. L'effet des sous-produits de reticulation sur la reponse des isolants est considere dans des mesures de charges d'espace sur mini-câbles et par l'evaluation des parametres pertinents sur l'accumulation de charges appliquee a diverses formulations d'echantillons plans. Des distorsions tres significatives du profil de champ electrique ont ete mesurees, attestant de la tendance manifeste des sous-produits a se dissocier sous l'effet du champ et/ou a assister l'injection de charges.
The Impact of the Macroeconomic Environment on Social Preferences: Evidence from the Global Preference Survey

The effect of social preferences, such as altruism and trust, on economic development is widely recognized. However, the reciprocal impact, i.e., how individuals experience the economic environment and how this shapes their social preferences, has remained largely under-explored. This study sheds light on this reciprocal effect, revealing an intriguing macroeconomic impact on individuals’ social preferences. By harnessing the Global Preference Survey data and a non-linear regression model, our findings highlight an interesting trend: there is a discernible decrease in individuals’ social preference as they experience enhanced economic conditions, and this effect is more pronounced for males. This crucial revelation underscores the importance for researchers and policymakers to take into account the prospective attenuation of social preferences in the pursuit of economic well-being.
Engaging Precision Phenotyping to Scrutinize Vegetative Drought Tolerance and Recovery in Chickpea Plant Genetic Resources

Precise and high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) of vegetative drought tolerance in chickpea plant genetic resources (PGR) would enable improved screening for genotypes with low relative loss of biomass formation and reliable physiological performance. It could also provide a basis to further decipher the quantitative trait drought tolerance and recovery and gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. In the context of climate change and novel nutritional trends, legumes and chickpea in particular are becoming increasingly important because of their high protein content and adaptation to low-input conditions. The PGR of legumes represent a valuable source of genetic diversity that can be used for breeding. However, the limited use of germplasm is partly due to a lack of available characterization data. The development of HTP systems offers a perspective for the analysis of dynamic plant traits such as abiotic stress tolerance and can support the identification of suitable genetic resources with a potential breeding value. Sixty chickpea accessions were evaluated on an HTP system under contrasting water regimes to precisely evaluate growth, physiological traits, and recovery under optimal conditions in comparison to drought stress at the vegetative stage. In addition to traits such as Estimated Biovolume (EB), Plant Height (PH), and several color-related traits over more than forty days, photosynthesis was examined by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on relevant days prior to, during, and after drought stress. With high data quality, a wide phenotypic diversity for adaptation, tolerance, and recovery to drought was recorded in the chickpea PGR panel. In addition to a loss of EB between 72% and 82% after 21 days of drought, photosynthetic capacity decreased by 16–28%. Color-related traits can be used as indicators of different drought stress stages, as they show the progression of stress.
Impact of ongoing intravenous thrombolysis until completion of endovascular treatment in large vessel occlusion stroke patients

Background Recent studies have implied that ongoing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) during endovascular treatment (ET) improves functional outcomes in patients who have undergone stroke caused by a large vessel occlusion (LVO). In this study, we investigated the effect of ongoing IVT until completion of ET on procedure duration, first-pass thrombectomy rate, and periprocedural complications. Methods We analyzed patients from the German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment dataset, collected between June 2015 and December 2021. Primary outcomes were modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score after 3 months and achievement of a Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score of 2b-3. Secondary parameters included ET duration, first-pass thrombectomy, and periprocedural complications. Results Of the 13,082 patients in the dataset, 1,639 met the study inclusion criteria. A total of n = 317 patients (19.3%) underwent ongoing IVT until completion of ET, while IVT was completed prior to ET in 1,322 patients (80.7%). Ongoing IVT was associated with higher rates of achievement of an mRS score of 0–2 (or a back-to-baseline) after 3 months [odds ratio (OR) 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.17]. Furthermore, ongoing IVT was predictive of achievement of a TICI score of 2b-3 (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.03–1.83) and of first-pass thrombectomy (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.51–2.84), while reducing the rate of peri-interventional complications (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.44–0.94) and reducing ET duration by 24 min [β = −24.35; 95% CI −32.92–(−15.79)]. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ongoing IVT until ET completion has a favorable impact on both clinical and angiographic outcomes, as well as on periprocedural conditions, regardless of the overall time intervals involved. Therefore, rapid ET after IVT should be sought in order to take advantage of the additive effect of ongoing IVT during ET. Future studies should consider IVT timing in the context of ET as a potential confounder and treatment target.
ℓ Gym: Natural Language Visual Reasoning with Reinforcement Learning

The inclusion of natural language context in reinforcement learning (RL) provides both opportunities 2 and challenges. Language provides an expressive and accessible conduit for task specification, so 3 that RL agents can address a broad set of tasks in a given environment, rather than learn a single 4 behavior. For language learning, RL is a promising avenue for language use and acquisition through 5 world interaction. Fulfilling this potential requires addressing core reasoning challenges: the RL 6 agent must reason about both high-level language concepts, low-level actions, and the relations 7 between them. 8
An Interpretation of Diatom Community
for Environmental Record in 5-65 cm
of Cebong Lake Sediment

Cebong Lake is one of several lakes in Indonesia located in Sembungan Village and formed by volcanic activities from the Dieng plateau, Wonosobo. Cebong Lake is heavily used by local communities for irrigation, tourism, and the local community’s needs. Water usage will have an impact on lake productivity and fish production. This study aims to determine the environmental changes in Cebong Lake that may have occurred in the past by analyzing the structure community of diatom that composes vertically using 5-65 cm samples sediment of Cebong Lake (interval 5 cm, 13 samples). Methods used for sample treatment include: preparation, digestion, identification of diatom, and enumeration. The result obtained are analyzed using the relative abundance and ecosystem indices. The result found 171 species of diatom belonging to 41 genera, total diatom abundance is 702.975 ind.gr, Diversity index value (H’) ranges between 3.10-3.80, Evenness index value (E) ranges between 0.42-0.70, Dominance index value (D) ranges between 0.03-0.09. Based on Bray-Curtis analysis, Cebong Lake is divided into 2 zones, namely: zone 1 (40-65 cm layers) describes as oligo-mesotrophic waters, and zone 2 (5-35 cm layer) describes as meso-eutrophic waters.
Boosting Subspace Co-Clustering via Bilateral Graph Convolution

Subspace clustering seeks to cluster high-dimensional data lying in a union of low-dimensional subspaces. It has achieved state-of-the-art results in image clustering, but text clustering of document-term matrices, has proved more impervious to advances with this approach, even though text data satisfies the assumptions of subspace clustering. We hypothesize that this is because such matrices are generally sparser and higher-dimensional than images. This, combined with the complexity of subspace clustering, which is generally cubic in the number of inputs, makes its use impractical in the context of text. Here we address these issues with a view to leveraging subspace clustering for networked (or not) text data. We first extend the concept of subspace clustering to co-clustering, which is suitable to deal with document-term matrices because of the interplay engendered between the document and word representations. We then address the sparsity problem through bilateral graph convolution, which promotes the grouping effect that has been credited for the effectiveness of some subspace clustering models. The proposed formulation results in an algorithm that is computationally/spatially efficient. Experiments using real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance, in terms of document clustering, word clustering, and computational efficiency, of our proposed approach over the baselines and comparable methods.
Ethnic and racial differences in Asian populations with ion channelopathies associated with sudden cardiac death

Cardiovascular diseases are associated with several morbidities and are the most common cause of worldwide disease-related fatalities. Studies show that treatment and outcome-related differences for cardiovascular diseases disproportionately affect minorities in the United States. The emergence of ethnic and racial differences in sudden cardiac death (SCD) and related ion channelopathies complicates cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, management, prognosis, and treatment objectives for patients and physicians alike. This review compiles and synthesizes current research in cardiac ion channelopathies and genetic disorders in Asian populations, an underrepresented population in cardiovascular literature. We first present a brief introduction to SCD, noting relevant observations and statistics from around the world, including Asian populations. We then examined existing differences between Asian and White populations in research, treatment, and outcomes related to cardiac ion channelopathies and SCD, showing progression in thought and research over time for each ion channelopathy. The review also identifies research that explored phenotypic abnormalities, device usage, and risk of death in Asian patients. We touch upon the unique genetic risk factors in Asian populations that lead to cardiac ion channelopathies and SCD while comparing them to White and Western populations, particularly in the United States, where Asians comprise approximately 7% of the total population. We also propose potential solutions such as improving early genetic screening, addressing barriers affecting access to medical care and device utilization, physician training, and patient education on risks.
Examining the Scoring of Content Integration in a Listening-Speaking Test: A G-Theory Analysis

ABSTRACT Communication in the real world often entails the interpretation, evaluation, and integration of content from different sources. However, it appears that the ability to integrate content into discourse has not been explicitly scored for in existing studies. This study operationalizes content integration in the analytic scoring of a listening-speaking test in Chinese. International students who were non-native speakers of Chinese took the test that comprised two retell tasks and an oral presentation linked by an academic scenario. They were scored for content integration, organization, delivery, and language control for all three tasks. Multivariate generalizability theory (G-theory) was used to investigate the functioning of content integration in the analytic rubric of the retell tasks and oral presentation respectively. Overall, this study aimed to illuminate issues on dependability and construct validity for the two task types, focusing on content integration particularly. The findings suggested that content integration functioned differently to some extent when compared with the other dimensions studied.
Hydromechanical Evolution and Self-Sealing of Damage Zones around a Microtunnel in a Claystone Formation of the Swiss Jura Mountains

th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium, held in Asheville, NC June 28 th - July 1, 2009. ABSTRACT: The damage zones around cylindrical excavations such as seal sections in tunnels or shafts have been subjected to extensive experimental and theoretical investigations in the field of underground waste disposal. Conceptual and numerical models have been developed to describe the hydromechanical processes associated with the creation and evolution of damage zones during the operational phase and after back- filling of the underground structures. However, only little data from tunnel scale experiments is available for comprehensive validation of the EDZ models. This paper describes a large-scale experiment on hydromechanical processes around underground structures as part of a long-term geoscientific research program at the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland. A horizontal microtunnel with a diameter of 1m and a length of 13m was drilled in an overconsolidated claystone formation. The rock around the microtunnel was monitored before and during excavation. After installing monitoring instruments in the open tunnel, the end of the tunnel was backfilled with sand (test section) and a large hydraulic packer was emplaced in the seal section. The packer was inflated and subsequently the test interval was saturated with a synthetic pore-water. Following saturation an extended program of hydraulic testing was performed. The paper presents data, interpretation and modeling of the hydraulic testing where both water pressure and stress in the seal section have been controlled to investigate the ongoing self-sealing of the damage zone and the hydro-mechanical response of the system under different effective stress conditions.
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND HEAVY METALS ASSOCIATED WITH SWINE WASTEWATER USING AQUATIC MACROPHYTES

Wastes from breeding farms have globally increased greenhouse gases and caused a serious pollution to aquatic environments. Biogas treatment polymer bags could significantly reduce organic compounds; however, they could not effectively treat other pollutants in animal wastewater. The objective of this study was to assess removal efficiency of salinity and pollutants associated with pig wastewater using aquatic macrophytes. Four macrophytes namely Acrotichum aureum, Eleocharis dulcis, Typha domengensis, and Limnophyton obtusifolium and a soil control without vegetation were randomly assigned into fifteen mesocosms (1.2 x 0.7 x 0.6m) with 3 replicates for each treatment. Pig wastewater was filled continuously into input chambers of mesocosms in every three day with 5 liters. Water samples were collected from output chambers with 60 and 120 days after treatment while soil and vegetation samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The results showed that E. dulcis, T. domengensis, and L. obtusifolium were dominant in removal of N, P, Cu and Zn and suspended solids as well; E. dulcis and T. domengensis significantly increased the dissolved oxygen; whereas the treatment ofL. obtusifolium species showed the best efficiency in salt-ion removal. Pollutants of N, P, Cu and Zn tend to accumulate more in the macrophyte roots than in their leaves. Accumulation of N, P, Cu and Zn in theL. obtusifolium’s biomass is the highest compared with other treatments. From findings, it is suggested that a combination of three aquatic macrophytes including E. dulcis, T. domengensis, and L. obtusifolium could establish a constructed wetland system to directly treat pollutants of livestock wastewaters
Development and validation of an assessment tool for public perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services in Malaysia during COVID-19

Introduction Community pharmacists' roles have expanded and undergone a significant transition over the last few years. Consequently, new and different pharmacy services, such as drive-thru pharmacy services, have emerged. Drive-thru pharmacy services began three decades ago and continued even during outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients' perceptions are essential to the successful implementation and satisfaction with any new service. This study examines the reliability and validity of the assessment tool of public perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services in Malaysia during COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. The developed tool consists of 28 items to evaluate believed advantages toward drive-thru community pharmacy services, believed disadvantages toward drive-thru community pharmacy services, differences between drive-thru community pharmacy services and instore drug refill services, perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services and feelings regarding how the introduction of drive-thru pharmacy services may affect the image of community pharmacists. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to identify the factors of the developed tool, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the model fitness. Results The EFA identified five elements and 25 items for the tool, and through CFA results, the observed model of the 25 items structure of the tool was verified as an excellent fit for the data [χ2 (265, N = 565) = 819.586, p < 0.001, IFI = 0.931, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.064]. The results of the CFA indicated a good model fit between the observed model and the proposed model. The internal reliability of the entire tool and each factor was very satisfactory as Cronbach's Alpha for the whole structured tool was 0.843 and for each factor was as follows, first factor (believed advantages) = 0.909, second factor (believed disadvantages) = 0.921, third factor (differences between drive-thru and instore refill) = 0.647, fourth factor (perceptions) = 0.926, and fifth factor (feelings) = 0.681. Conclusion The developed and validated tool would be valuable for assessing the public's perceptions of the drive-thru community pharmacy service during COVID-19 and future pandemics.