Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Smart Sheriff gegen Smombies

Korrespondenzadresse Prof. Dr. Dr. Manfred Spitzer, Universitatsklinikum Ulm Klinik fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III Leimgrubenweg 12, 89075 Ulm • Vor wenigen Wochen in England: Der 17-jahrige Schuler Shane Jenkins spielt wahrend des Unterrichts ein Musikvideo auf seinem Smartphone ab und wird von seiner 54-jahrigen Mathematikund Deutschlehrerin Regina Hungerford mehrfach aufgefordert, dies sein zu lassen. Der Schuler kommt dieser Aufforderung nicht nach. „Sie konnen mich nicht zwingen“ habe er stattdessen gesagt und die Lehrering mit unflatigen Wortern („f***“) beschimpft. Daraufhin wirft die Lehrerin das Smartphone des Schulers aus dem Fenster, wird in erster Instanz wegen Fehlverhaltens verurteilt, in zweiter Instanz jedoch wieder freigesprochen (23). • Vor wenigen Wochen in Singen am Hohentwiel: Eine Frau spricht mich nach einem Vortrag in der Stadthalle (66) an: Ihr Sohn habe sie beim Versuch, ihm das Handy abzunehmen, in die Hand gebissen. Sie wurde gerne wissen, was ich davon halte und was sie tun solle . Die Hand zu beisen, die einen futtert, ist klares Zeichen von Sucht; dies anzuerkennen, ernst zu nehmen und sich rasch um professionelle Hilfe zu kummern ist dringend geboten, konnte ich nur antworten. • Etwa 90% der jungen Smartphone-Nutzer sind in der Stunde vor dem Schlafengehen nochmals in Facebook oder WhatsApp, lesen SMS-Nachrichten, checken Mails oder spielen Spiele und storen damit ihre nachtliche Melatoninfreisetzung, was wiederum in weniger Schlaf und einer verstellten inneren Uhr am anderen Morgen – und damit in mehr Mudigkeit in der Schule – resultiert (63). Das ist nichts weniger als eine Bildungskatastrophe! 1 Diese drei Beispiele machen deutlich, dass es im Hinblick auf Art und Ausmas der Nutzung von Smartphones durch junge Menschen Probleme gibt. Diese existieren weltweit, wie auch die weltweiten Verkaufszahlen von Smartphones zeigen (▶Abb. 1), wird doch voraussichtlich irgendwann in der zweiten Halfte des Jahres 2016 die Zahl der global verkauften Smartphones die Zahl der auf der Welt lebenden Menschen uberschreiten.
Hemispheric Differences in the Recognition of Environmental Sounds

Recent work has found support for two dissociable and parallel neural subsystems underlying object and shape recognition in the visual domain: an abstract-category subsystem that operates more effectively in the left cerebral hemisphere than in the right, and a specific-exemplar subsystem that operates more effectively in the right hemisphere than in the left. Evidence of this asymmetry has been observed for linguistic stimuli (words, pseudoword forms) and nonlinguistic stimuli (objects). In the auditory domain, we previously found hemispheric asymmetries in priming effects using linguistic stimuli (spoken words). In the present study, we conducted four long-term repetition-priming experiments to investigate whether such hemispheric asymmetries would be observed for nonlinguistic auditory stimuli (environmental sounds) as well. The results support the dissociable-subsystems theory. Specificity effects were obtained when sounds were presented to the left ear (right hemisphere), but not when sounds were presented to the right ear (left hemisphere). Theoretical implications are discussed.
Feedback-guided stroke placement for a painting machine

In this paper we present and evaluate painterly rendering techniques that work within a visual feedback loop of eDavid, our painting robot. The machine aims at simulating the human painting process. Two such methods are compared for different objects. One uses a predefined set of stroke candidates, the other creates strokes directly using line integral convolution. The aesthetics of both methods are discussed, results are shown.
A half-bridge doubler boost operating as AC-DC and DC-DC converter

This paper presents a voltage doubler AC-DC converter to be applied in UPS. It is capable of operation with AC and DC Input source. The proposed rectifler provides high power factor and improves power efficiency for line voltage applications. The conduction losses are reduced by essentially eliminating the full-bridge diode rectifier. A bidirectional switch is used for the power switches, simplifying the overall power circuit structure. The two output capacitor voltage imbalance is inherent in the half-bridge rectifier, and therefore the balance control technique will be added in the future to complete this research. The operational principles, design considerations, and realizations are discussed and verified. The rectifier is suitable especially for a half-bridged inverter that requires a dual power supply. The practicability of the proposed voltage-doubling rectifier is confirmed by simulation and experiment The specification of the proposed half-bridge doubler boost is rated at 230 W and operates at 20 kHz, with an input AC voltage of 127 VRMS or an input DC voltage of 144 VDC and a regulated output voltage of 480 VDC, for experiments to verify the theoretic analysis as a solution to the problem of a inexistent doubler boost converter with a common point between line source, DC source and load.
Chromosome conformation maps in fission yeast reveal cell cycle dependent sub nuclear structure

Successful progression through the cell cycle requires spatial and temporal regulation of gene transcript levels and the number, positions and condensation levels of chromosomes. Here we present a high resolution survey of genome interactions in Schizosaccharomyces pombe using synchronized cells to investigate cell cycle dependent changes in genome organization and transcription. Cell cycle dependent interactions were captured between and within S. pombe chromosomes. Known features of genome organization (e.g. the clustering of telomeres and retrotransposon long terminal repeats (LTRs)) were observed throughout the cell cycle. There were clear correlations between transcript levels and chromosomal interactions between genes, consistent with a role for interactions in transcriptional regulation at specific stages of the cell cycle. In silico reconstructions of the chromosome organization within the S. pombe nuclei were made by polymer modeling. These models suggest that groups of genes with high and low, or differentially regulated transcript levels have preferred positions within the S. pombe nucleus. We conclude that the S. pombe nucleus is spatially divided into functional sub-nuclear domains that correlate with gene activity. The observation that chromosomal interactions are maintained even when chromosomes are fully condensed in M phase implicates genome organization in epigenetic inheritance and bookmarking.
Representations of the Apocalypse: Debating the Merits of an Inconvenient Truth and the Great Global Warming Swindle

The article provides a study of two diametrically opposed documentaries which present an exciting opportunity to examine the construction of representations of reality behind the documentary films, Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth and Martin Durkin's The Great Global Warming Swindle. Both documentaries carefully select the available evidence and use powerful imagery, evocative music and loaded language. Given the apparent uncertainty still surrounding the issue of global warming, students are able to examine and critique the production decisions by which an audience can be manoeuvred toward two contradictory stances.
Creatine monohydrate in muscular dystrophies: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study

Article abstract The authors assessed the safety and efficacy of creatine monohydrate (Cr) in various types of muscular dystrophies in a double-blind, crossover trial. Thirty-six patients (12 patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, 10 patients with Becker dystrophy, 8 patients with Duchenne dystrophy, and 6 patients with sarcoglycan-deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy) were randomized to receive Cr or placebo for 8 weeks. There was mild but significant improvement in muscle strength and daily-life activities by Medical Research Council scales and the Neuromuscular Symptom Score. Cr was well tolerated throughout the study period.
Different fusiform activity to stranger and personally familiar faces in shy and social adults

Abstract Although shyness is associated with deficits in different aspects of face processing including face recognition and facial emotions, we know relatively little about the neural correlates of face processing among individuals who are shy. Here we show reduced activation to stranger faces among shy adults in a key brain area involved in face processing. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired on 12 shy and 12 social young adults during the rapid presentation of stranger and personally familiar neutral faces. Shy adults exhibited significantly less bilateral activation in the fusiform face area (FFA) in response to stranger faces and significantly greater bilateral activation in the same region to personally familiar faces than their social counterparts. Shy adults also exhibited significantly greater right amygdala activation in response to stranger faces than social adults. Among social adults, stranger faces elicited greater FFA activation than personally familiar faces. Findings suggest that there are distinct patterns of neural activation in the FFA in response to viewing stranger and personally familiar faces among shy and social adults.
An energy principle for hydromagnetic stability problems

The problem of the stability of static, highly conducting, fully ionized plasmas is investigated by means of an energy principle developed from one introduced by Lundquist. The derivation of the principle and the conditions under which it applies are given. The method is applied to find complete stability criteria for two types of equilibrium situations. The first concerns plasmas which are completely separated from the magnetic field by an interface. The second is the general axisymmetric system.
The Research of Chaos-based SMS Encryption in Mobile Phone

This paper introduces a chaos-based SMS (Short Message Service) encryption scheme, and it combines with the improved A5/1 algorithm. In this paper, the description of this SMS (Short Message Service) encryption scheme in mobile phone is proposed in details. Finally, we design a system like common mobile phone to test the application of such encryption scheme, and the test results show that this chaos-based encryption scheme can encrypt short messages in mobile phone.
The prediction of protein function at CASP6

In the CASP6 experiment, the new “Function Prediction” category was tentatively introduced. Predictors were asked to provide functional information on the CASP targets, many of which were of unknown function. This article describes the setup of the experiment and its results, highlighting what was learned from it, and suggesting modifications to its format for the next rounds. The obvious limitation of such an experiment is that the results cannot be assessed in the standard CASP fashion, as all targets remain of unknown function. Furthermore, we had to face the expected difficulties due to the novelty of the experiment and to the problems connected with function definition. Nevertheless, and even with a limited number of participating groups, we believe that the results of the experiment can be useful both for its future and for experimentalists working on the functional assignment of the CASP6 targets. We found that, in a few cases, a consensus functional prediction could be derived for targets of unknown function. However, our analysis suggests that a general description of the method used should be made available together with the predictions so that a higher reliability can be assigned to cases where completely independent methods give the same or similar predictions. Proteins 2005;Suppl 7:201–213. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antagonistic Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glutathione on Acclimation to Excess Excitation Energy in Arabidopsis

The redox status of the quinone B (QB) and plastoquinone (PQ) pools plays a key role in the cellular and systemic signalling processes that control acclimatory responses in plants. In this study, we demonstrate the effects of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione on acclimatory responses controlled by redox events in the proximity of the QB‐PQ pools. Our results suggest that the chloroplast is a sink for H2O2 and that, paradoxically, high concentrations of H2O2 in the chloroplast protect the photosynthetic apparatus and the plant cell from photoinhibition and photooxidative damage. Excess glutathione, however, caused an effect antagonistic to that observed for high H2O2. An explanation of this apparent paradox and a hypothetical redox‐signalling model are suggested.
A mixed integer non-linear programming model for optimizing the collection methods of returned products

This paper studies the problem manufacturers facing to determine the collection methods for used product at the end of its life. Three collection methods that are practically applicable are studied namely pick-up, drop-off and mail return. This paper investigates the problem of assigning collection methods to collect returned products from customer zones that can maximize manufacturer's profit. A mixed integer non-linear programming model integrating the three collection methods is proposed to tackle the problem. The model is then tested using some problem instances and the results are promising. The potential and benefits of the proposed model are also highlighted.
Topography and raytracing analysis of patients with excellent visual acuity 3 months after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia.

We performed topography and raytracing analysis 3 months after surgery on five consecutive eyes of five patients, which had excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. Three of the five eyes had uncorrected postoperative visual acuity of 20/20 or better. Two eyes had an uncorrected vision of 20/40. In three of five eyes, the area of excimer ablation was centered within 1.0 mm of the optical axis. Three other eyes showed decentration that ranged from 1.1 to 1.5 mm. The range of surface power seen within 2 mm of the central keratoscope ring was as follows: patient CK = 37.50 to 39.50 diopters; patient CA = 40.50 D to 44.80 D; patient CW = 37.90 D to 42.20 D; patient AC = 35.50 D to 39.00 D; patient DT = 34.50 D to 41.40 D. Topography patterns differed from eye to eye. A raytracing program modeled refraction of 20/80 and 20/20 "E" of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 6.25% contrast through all measured points on the central 10 keratoscope rings of the five postoperative corneas. The five computer-derived images were ranked subjectively according to the observed degree of image degradation by three observers. Two eyes showed discernible 20/20 E's even at the 12.5% contrast level. Little to no ghost image was seen. Two eyes showed degraded but discernible 20/20 letters at higher levels of contrast only. These eyes showed moderate ghost images that were most apparent in the high-contrast 20/80 letters. One eye showed poor resolution of the 100% contrast 20/20 letter and moderately severe ghost images. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Metabolic Syndrome in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background— Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of liver disease in children, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. However, the relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular risk factors in children is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine the association between NAFLD and the presence of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children. Methods and Results— This case-control study of 150 overweight children with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 150 overweight children without NAFLD compared rates of metabolic syndrome using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Cases and controls were well matched in age, sex, and severity of obesity. Children with NAFLD had significantly higher fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure than overweight and obese children without NAFLD. Subjects with NAFLD also had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than controls. After adjustment for age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, and hyperinsulinemia, children with metabolic syndrome had 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 9.7) times the odds of having NAFLD as overweight and obese children without metabolic syndrome. Conclusions— NAFLD in overweight and obese children is strongly associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The identification of NAFLD in a child should prompt global counseling to address nutrition, physical activity, and avoidance of smoking to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Methodological and Technological Framework Proposal to Capitalize Organizational Knowledge

Society is becoming a great source of knowledge and innovation, the synergy of all the ideas that are coming from all the countries across the world is fostering the rise of a new kind of society where knowledge plays an important role, nevertheless today's society needs a global strategy to improve knowledge management in order to ensure its accessibility. This paper introduces a global strategy supported on the one hand, by a methodological framework that proposes a transactive memory system to allow encoding, storing, and retrieving knowledge collectively in a smart manner, on the other hand, it is supported by a technological framework based on Web 2.0 technologies aimed to implement the methods and strategies defined in the transactive memory system. Moreover, this global strategy must ensure the maturity of the generated knowledge in order to foster innovation, also knowledge use must be tracked and measured in order to allow knowledge to become intellectual capital, which is one of the most valuable assets of current society.
The physical activity paradox: six reasons why occupational physical activity (OPA) does not confer the cardiovascular health benefits that leisure time physical activity does

Physical activity (PA) is well documented to improve health. However, this documentation is restricted to leisure time physical activity (LTPA; eg, sports, recreation and transportation). Increasing evidence shows that occupational physical activity (OPA) does not improve health.1 Actually, OPA can be detrimental. These contrasting health effects of LTPA and OPA constitute the so-called PA health paradox.2 For a considerable fraction of the adult population, work constitutes the main setting for PA. Workers in many occupations, such as construction, cleaning, refuse collection, elderly care, farming and manufacturing, are physically active for large parts of their working days, for most of the year. Despite this PA at work, these and other manual workers have relatively poor health. Many epidemiological studies document that high OPA increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality outcomes, even after extensive adjustments for other risk factors including socioeconomic status, LTPA and other health behaviours.1 This increased risk from high OPA has been shown to be particularly pronounced among workers with low job resources, low cardiorespiratory fitness3 or pre-existing …
Intestinal GIST masquerading as an ovarian mass: Diagnosed on FNAC

The preoperative diagnosis of metastatic intestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) on cytology can be quite difficult at times. The present case characterizes the cytomorphological and immunocytochemical features of GIST, emphasizing the utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the evaluation of spindle cell tumors of gastrointestinal tract. An accurate and early diagnosis of GIST affects the treatment, primarily allowing the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in unresectable or metastatic cases. Presence of highly cellular fragments of spindle-to-oval cells with variable degree of pleomorphism, atypia, and necrosis supplemented by immunocytochemistry can render a cytological diagnosis of GIST in dilemmatic clinical situations. Our case highlights the diagnostic role of FNAC in the evaluation of a pelvic mass, which was clinicoradiologically misdiagnosed as ovarian carcinoma.
Multiple genes for membrane-bound phosphatases in Escherichia coli and their action on phospholipid precursors

We have devised a coupled radiochemical assay for detecting phosphatidylglycerolphosphate (PGP) phosphatase activity in Escherichia coli colonies immobilized on filter paper. There appeared to be at least two enzymes capable of dephosphorylating PGP, as judged by the characterization of mutations in two genes designated pgpA and pgpB. The former is located near min 10 and is cotransducible with proC and dnaZ. The latter is situated near min 28 and is closely linked to cysB. The available mutant alleles of pgpA reduced the specific activity of PGP phosphatase in crude extracts by about 30%, but they had no effect on phosphatidic acid (or lysophosphatidic acid) phosphatase. Mutants altered in the pgpB locus inactivated most of the residual PGP phosphatase activity present in single-step pgpA mutants, and the level of phosphatidic acid phosphatase was also reduced 20-fold. The available mutations in pgpA and pgpB elevated the cellular PGP pool by 10- to 50-fold. The maximal PGP levels never exceeded 5%, and these strains were not conditionally lethal. The simplest interpretation of our findings is that there are at least two membrane-associated phosphatases in E. coli, both distinct from alkaline phosphatase. The pgpA gene product is specific for PGP, whereas the pgpB gene product also acts on phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid.
Anwendung der Regressions-SVM zur Vorhersage studentischer Leistungen

Um als Bildungsanbieter bei gefährdeten Studenten rechtszeitig intervenierend eingreifen zu können, sind Verfahren zur Vorhersage studentischer Leistungen notwendig. Viele Arbeiten haben den Einsatz des SVM-Klassifikators vorgeschlagen. Allerdings wurden unzureichende Angaben zur Wahl eines geeigneten Kernel gegeben. Außerdem kann der SVM-Klassifikator bei fehlenden Trainingsdaten zu allen möglichen Noten nicht erfolgreich trainiert werden. Zur Lösung dieser Probleme untersuchen wir die Regressions-SVM mit verschiedenen geeigneten Kernel. Dabei erreichen wir mit dem RBF-Kernel und einer σ-Parameter Heuristik auf einem öffentlichen Datensatz eines Mathematikkurses bessere Ergebnisse als in [3] mit einer SVM erreicht wurden. Für den Fall, dass zusätzlich zu den privaten Daten der Studenten auch vorherige Noten bekannt waren, konnte die Vorhersage von ” bestanden oder nicht bestanden” mit einer Genauigkeit von 90.57% erreicht werden. Das ermöglicht eine praktische Anwendbarkeit der Regressions-SVM zur Erkennung gefährdeter Studenten.