Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sugar-free extrapair mating: a comment on Arct et al.

Cleasby IR, Nakagawa S. 2012. The influence of male age on within-pair and extra-pair paternity in passerines. The evolution of infidelity in socially monogamous pas-serines: neglected components of direct and indirect selection. Am Nat. 169:274–281. Griffith SC, Immler S. 2009. Female infidelity and genetic compatibility in birds: the role of the genetically loaded raffle in understanding the function of extrapair paternity. Females use multiple mating and genetically loaded sperm competition to target compatible genes. Genetic similarity and the non-random distribution of paternity in a genetically highly polyandrous shorebird. A recent meta-analysis by Arct et al. (2015) revealed a small but significant overall positive relationship between the occurrence of extrapair paternity (EPP) and the genetic similarity between a socially paired male and female (Zr = 0.09). This finding possibly indicates that extrapair mating is a female strategy to avoid the negative consequences of inbreeding and, therefore, female extra-pair mating is adaptive. Or is it? On reading this result, 3 questions came to our mind. First, how general is this finding across species? In some species, the benefits of inbreeding avoidance seem to be clear (e.g., Kingma et al. 2013), whereas in others, inbreeding can be tolerated or even preferred (reviewed in Szulkin et al. 2013). Indeed, Arct et al. reported a very high overall heterogene-ity (I 2 = 98%), which indicates that although, in an " average " species , EPP is more common in related than unrelated pairs, there are differences in inbreeding tolerance among species. One, therefore, needs to be careful about extrapolating the observed overall effect of genetic relatedness on EPP to a specific species. Second, how does a female detect her relatedness to the social partner? Given that familiar siblings rarely form social bonds in birds (but see Kingma et al. 2013), Arct et al.'s finding implies, unless the results are due to cryptic female choice driven by relat-edness (e.g., Løvlie et al. 2013), that female birds might be able to identify unfamiliar male siblings. Despite evidence that birds can identify unfamiliar kin (Petrie et al. 1999) and the recent discovery that some bird species could do this using olfactory cues (e.g., Krause et al. 2012), current empirical evidence points to most bird species requiring direct familiarization to recognize their kin (Nakagawa and Waas 2004; Ihle and Forstmeier 2013). At least in species with multiple broods per season, females might use cues other than kinship to detect …
AUTOSAR OS on a message-passing multicore processor

The multicore era in automotive computing is just starting. Meanwhile, processor technology in high-performance domains is advancing from shared memory to message-passing multicore processors. In this paper we present an approach on implementing AUTOSAR OS on such a message-passing multicore processor. We show where AUTOSAR semantic can be preserved, and if not, point out solutions.
A Current Review of the Meniscus Imaging: Proposition of a Useful Tool for Its Radiologic Analysis

The main objective of this review was to present a synthesis of the current literature in order to provide a useful tool to clinician in radiologic analysis of the meniscus. All anatomical descriptions were clearly illustrated by MRI, arthroscopy, and/or drawings. The value of standard radiography is extremely limited for the assessment of meniscal injuries but may be indicated to obtain a differential diagnosis such as osteoarthritis. Ultrasound is rarely used as a diagnostic tool for meniscal pathologies and its accuracy is operator-dependent. CT arthrography with multiplanar reconstructions can detect meniscus tears that are not visible on MRI. This technique is also useful in case of MRI contraindications, in postoperative assessment of meniscal sutures and the condition of cartilage covering the articular surfaces. MRI is the most accurate and less invasive method for diagnosing meniscal lesions. MRI allows confirming and characterizing the meniscal lesion, the type, the extension, its association with a cyst, the meniscal extrusion, and assessing cartilage and subchondral bone. New 3D-MRI in three dimensions with isotropic resolution allows the creation of multiplanar reformatted images to obtain from an acquisition in one sectional plane reconstructions in other spatial planes. 3D MRI should further improve the diagnosis of meniscal tears.
Benefits of Nature Contact for Children

This review examines different ways that contact with nature can contribute to the health and well-being of children. Applying the capabilities approach to human development for a broad definition of well-being, it traces research from the 1970s to the present, following shifting research approaches that investigate different dimensions of health. A compelling body of evidence exists that trees and natural areas are essential elements of healthy communities for children. They need to be integrated at multiple scales, from landscaping around homes, schools, and childcare centers, to linked systems of urban trails, greenways, parks, and “rough ground” for children’s creative play.
Proof of a simple formula for ICI caused by single frequency offset in wireless OFDM system

Exact interchannel interference (ICI) expression caused by single frequency offset (SFO) is shown to be a function of normalized SFO (NSFO). Due to its high complexity, it is inconvenient for communication engineer to use this expression to calculate ICI value. Some upper bounds ICI, such as Moose and Feng, has been derived to reduce computational amount. But, they are still about 2 dB difference from real ICI value. Fortunately, this real ICI is proved to equal a third of the square of NSFO from mathematics under the condition that NSFO is small and N large. Numerical simulation further indicates that this identity holds when |NSFO|les0.2.
Massively Increasing TIMEX3 Resources: A Transduction Approach

Automatic annotation of temporal expressions is a research challenge of great interest in the field of information extraction. Gold standard temporally-annotated resources are limited in size, which makes research using them difficult. Standards have also evolved over the past decade, so not all temporally annotated data is in the same format. We vastly increase available human-annotated temporal expression resources by converting older format resources to TimeML/TIMEX3. This task is difficult due to differing annotation methods. We present a robust conversion tool and a new, large temporal expression resource. Using this, we evaluate our conversion process by using it as training data for an existing TimeML annotation tool, achieving a 0.87 F1 measure - better than any system in the TempEval-2 timex recognition exercise.
Pedigree‐ vs. DNA Marker‐Based Genetic Similarity Estimates in Cotton

by different approaches, which include the use of pedigrees and DNA fingerprinting. The COP measures the Knowledge of genetic diversity and relationships among breeding degree of genetic relatedness among genotypes based materials is essential to the improvement of crop species. Genetic similarity estimates among cultivars are helpful to select parental on pedigree information by estimating the probability combinations for segregating populations so as to maintain genetic that a random allele from one genotype is identical by diversity in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to descent to a random allele of another genotype at the determine thecorrespondence between pedigree- andrestriction frag- same locus (Kempthorne, 1969). The accuracy of COP ment length polymorphism–based genetic similarity (RFLP-GS) esti- depends on the availability of reliable and detailed pedimatesforasetof36Uplandcotton(GossypiumhirsutumL.)cultivars. gree records; at times these records may be either unCoefficients of parentage (COPs) and genetic similarity estimates available or unreliable. The calculations also do not based on 261 codominant RFLP markers for all possible pairs of account for the effects of selection, mutation, and gecultivars were compared. A significant though moderate association netic drift and require several simplifying assumptions (r 0.41, P 0.001) was detected between the COP and RFLP-GS that are generally not met. Nevertheless, pedigree informatrices. Spearman’s rank correlationfor the142 pairsof related cultivars (COP 0.1) was somewhat higher (rS 0.53, P 0.001). There was mation offers plant breeders a simple and inexpensive a significant linear relationship between COP and RFLP-GS for the waytoestimategeneticrelatednessamongbreedingmapairs of related cultivars; however, the coefficient of determination terials. was low (R 2 0.25), indicating that the COP only explained a small DNA markers, such as RFLPs, amplified fragment portion of the variation observed for RFLP-GS. COP and RFLP-GS length polymorphisms (AFLPs), random amplified polyestimate different types of genetic resemblance; however, the moder- morphic DNAs (RAPDs), and simple sequence repeats ate association may have also resulted from violations to the assump- (SSRs), can directly assess DNA sequence variation. tions made when computing COP. RFLP-GS is a more accurate estimate DNA-based genetic similarity measures the degree of of true genetic resemblance among cotton cultivars. Nevertheless, the genetic relatedness among genotypes by estimating the pedigree- and RFLP-based dendrograms were somewhat similar, sugproportionof allelesthatare alikeinstate, thusdiffering gesting that pedigree information will continue to be useful to inexpensively identify diverse parents in a breeding program. from COP in the type of genetic resemblance estimated. As such, they provide a more precise estimate of genetic similarity among genotypes and do not require the assumptions inherent to pedigree analysis. All the DNA
Blockade of PD-1 immunosuppression boosts CAR T-cell therapy

The presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment can limit the full potential of adoptive T cell immunotherapy. However, specific blockade of the PD-1 immunosuppressive pathway can significantly enhance the function of gene-modified T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) leading to enhanced tumor eradication.
ORANGE : DATA MINING FRUITFUL AND FUN

Orange (http://orange.biolab.si) is a general-purpose machine learning and data mining tool. It features a multilayer architecture suitable for different kinds of users, from inexperienced data mining beginners to programmers who prefer to access the tool through its scripting interface. In the paper we outline the history of Orange's development and present its current state, achievements and the future challenges.
Feature selection using kernel PCA for Alzheimer's disease detection with 3D MR Images of brain

This paper investigates the application of the kernel PCA to select the features that produced by an extraction feature method, i.e. complete local binary pattern from three orthogonal planes. The proposed approach is used to detect Alzheimer's disease using 3D Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of brain. In this study, the feature extraction method is done by using the different radius and the number of different neighbors. A support vector machine classifier is adapted to discriminant normal from Alzheimer's, normal from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and MCI from Alzheimer's. The experimental results show our proposed method achieves an accuracy of 100% for classification of Alzheimer's and normal. This accuracy result is also achieved by MCI and normal classification, whereas the accuracy of Alzheimer's and MCI classification is only 84%.
An evaluation of the Survey of Professional Forecasters probability distributions of expected inflation and output growth

Regression-based tests of forecast probabilities of particular events of interest are constructed. The event forecast probabilities are derived from the SPF density forecasts of expected inflation and output growth. Tests of the event probabilities supplement statistically-based assessments of the forecast densities using the probability integral transform approach. The regression-based tests assess whether the forecast probabilities of particular events are equal to the true probabilities, and whether any systematic divergences between the two are related to variables in the agents’ information set at the time the forecasts were made. Forecast encompassing tests are also used to assess the quality of the event probability forecasts. Journal of Economic Literature classification: C53.
Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Damage to the Developing Nervous System

Numerous mechanisms likely contribute to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing fetus and particularly the developing central nervous system (CNS). The coexistence of a multitude of mechanisms that may act simultaneously or consecutively and differ among various cell types poses particular challenges to researchers. To study alcohol’s effects on the fetus more easily, investigators have used animal models and tissue-culture experiments. Such approaches have identified numerous potential mechanisms through which alcohol acts on the fetus, many of which result in cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. Among these mechanisms are increased oxidative stress, damage to the mitochondria, interference with the activity of growth factors, effects on glia cells, impaired development and function of chemical messenger systems involved in neuronal communication, changes in the transport and uptake of the sugar glucose, effects on cell adhesion, and changes in the regulation of gene activity during development.
Matching task profiles and user needs in personalized web search

Personalization has been deemed one of the major challenges in information retrieval with a significant potential for providing better search experience to individual users. Especially, the need for enhanced user models better capturing elements such as users' goals, tasks, and contexts has been identified. In this paper, we introduce a statistical language model for user tasks representing different granularity levels of a user profile, ranging from very specific search goals to broad topics. We propose a personalization framework that selectively matches the actual user information need with relevant past user tasks, and allows to dynamically switch the course of personalization from re-finding very precise information to biasing results to general user interests. In the extreme, our model is able to detect when the user's search and browse history is not appropriate for aiding the user in satisfying her current information quest. Instead of blindly applying personalization to all user queries, our approach refrains from undue actions in these cases, accounting for the user's desire of discovering new topics, and changing interests over time. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by an empirical user study.
245-GHz LNA, Mixer, and Subharmonic Receiver in SiGe Technology

A four-stage common-base (CB) 245-GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a fourth subharmonic 245-GHz transconductance mixer are presented. An integrated subharmonic receiver for sensing applications in the 245-GHz industrial-scientific-medical band is proposed. The receiver consists of a single-ended CB LNA, a fourth transconductance subharmonic mixer, a 60-GHz push-push voltage-controlled oscillator with a 1/32 divider, and an IF amplifier. It is fabricated in an SiGe: C BiCMOS technology with f T and fmax of 300 and 500 GHz, respectively. Its measured single-ended gain is 21 dB at 243 GHz with a tuning range of 12 GHz, and a noise figure of 33 dB. The input 1-dB compression point is -37 dBm . The receiver dissipates at 358 mW.
The economic effects of radical reorganisation of the agro-food supply chain: some evidence from Poland

While transacting parties may find ways to avoid adverse effects of weak contracting institutions, radical reform reorganising the system of exchange can be very costly. We illustrate this by studying the economic consequences of the dislocation of the Polish dairy supply chain during transition. Examining a natural experiment between two different modes of governance (bureaucratic and market-based), we provide evidence that the disorganisation of vertical linkages between upstream and downstream producers negatively affected output. Our most conservative estimates suggests that the dislocation to inter-firm relationships accounted for approximately 20% of the fall in milk output observed in the early-transition phase.
Field test of manual for robot therapy using seal robot

Robot therapy is expected to have psychological, physiological and social effects as well as animal therapy. Especially, therapeutic seal robot, Paro is used in the various facilities for elderly and spreading in the world. However, the caregivers used Paro freely, and the way of using Paro was different among them. Therefore, the effects are influenced by their skills. The manual which shows effective ways to use Paro has been needed. So far, the manual was developed by extracting the caregiver's skills (presented at IEEE RO-MAN 2010). In this paper, the manual was introduced to 4 elderly facilities, and then, its effectiveness was investigated by 9 caregivers and 12 patients. As the results, caregivers' intervention was improved after reading the manual, and then, elderly people's smile was increased.
A Biosorption Isotherm Model for the Removal of Reactive Azo Dyes by Inactivated Mycelia of Cunninghamella elegans UCP542

The biosorption of three reactive azo dyes (red, black and orange II) found in textile effluents by inactive mycelium of Cunninghamella elegans has been investigated. It was found that after 120 hours of contact the adsorption led to 70%, 85%, 93% and 88% removal of reactive orange II, reactive black, reactive red and a mixture of them, respectively. The mycelium surface was found to be selective towards the azo dyes in the following order: reactive red > reactive black > orange II. Dye removal from a mixture solution resulted in 48.4 mg/g retention by mycelium and indicated a competition amongst the dyes for the cellular surface. A Freundlich adsorption isotherm model exhibited a better fit, thus suggesting the presence of heterogeneous binding sites. Electrondense deposits observed on the mycelium ultrastructure suggest that the dyes are mainly retained under the cellular surface of the inactive biomass of C. elegans.
Variations of the Power Dissipation in Adiabatic Logic Gates

The yield of adiabatic circuits strongly depends on the effects of parameter variations on the power dissipation. The dispersion of the threshold voltage has the most important impact on the yield. Different effects on the energy consumption due to interdie and intra-die variations of the threshold voltage are presented. Three logic families, the Efficient Charge Recovery Logic (ECRL), the Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (PFAL) and the 2N-2N2P are compared with respect to energy saving and operating frequency range. Finally it is shown that power dissipation variations due to parameter variations are strongly dependent on the logic family.
The Chinese economy and its future : achievements and problems of post-Mao reform

Preface 1. Introduction: Peter Nolan Part I: Overviews 2. Where is China Going? Carl Riskin 3. Reform of the Economic Operating Mechanism and Reform of Ownership: Dong Fureng 4. Market Socialism and Democracy: Bruce McFarlane 5. Dynamic Equilibrium in Socialist Economic Reform: Li Yining 6. China's New Development Path: Towards Capitalist Markeys, Market Socialism or Bureaucratic Market Muddle? Peter Nolan Part II: Aspects of the Reforms 7. Prices: Tian Yuan 8. Enterprise Reform: Jiang Yiwei 9. The Stock Market in a Socialist Economy: Ajit Singh 10. The Rural Economy: Du Runsheng 11. Income Distribution: Zhao Renwei 12. Technological Policy: Peter Wiles 13. The Fiscal System: Liu Hongru 14. The Investment System: Wang Jiye 15. Energy Policy: Austin Robinson 16. Foreign Trade: Zhou Xiaochuan 17. The Regional Economy: Chen Dongsheng.
Metabolic Flexibility as a Major Predictor of Spatial Distribution in Microbial Communities

A better understand the ecology of microbes and their role in the global ecosystem could be achieved if traditional ecological theories can be applied to microbes. In ecology organisms are defined as specialists or generalists according to the breadth of their niche. Spatial distribution is often used as a proxy measure of niche breadth; generalists have broad niches and a wide spatial distribution and specialists a narrow niche and spatial distribution. Previous studies suggest that microbial distribution patterns are contrary to this idea; a microbial generalist genus (Desulfobulbus) has a limited spatial distribution while a specialist genus (Methanosaeta) has a cosmopolitan distribution. Therefore, we hypothesise that this counter-intuitive distribution within generalist and specialist microbial genera is a common microbial characteristic. Using molecular fingerprinting the distribution of four microbial genera, two generalists, Desulfobulbus and the methanogenic archaea Methanosarcina, and two specialists, Methanosaeta and the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfobacter were analysed in sediment samples from along a UK estuary. Detected genotypes of both generalist genera showed a distinct spatial distribution, significantly correlated with geographic distance between sites. Genotypes of both specialist genera showed no significant differential spatial distribution. These data support the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of specialist and generalist microbes does not match that seen with specialist and generalist large organisms. It may be that generalist microbes, while having a wider potential niche, are constrained, possibly by intrageneric competition, to exploit only a small part of that potential niche while specialists, with far fewer constraints to their niche, are more capable of filling their potential niche more effectively, perhaps by avoiding intrageneric competition. We suggest that these counter-intuitive distribution patterns may be a common feature of microbes in general and represent a distinct microbial principle in ecology, which is a real challenge if we are to develop a truly inclusive ecology.
A Case Study on Software Evolution towards Service-Oriented Architecture

The evolution of any software product over its lifetime is unavoidable, caused both by bugs to be fixed and by new requirements appearing in the later stages of the product's lifecycle. Traditional development and architecture paradigms have proven to be not suited for these continual changes, resulting in large maintenance costs. This has caused the rise of approaches such as Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), based on loosely coupled, interoperable services, aiming to address these issues. This paper describes a case study of the evolution of an existing legacy system towards a more maintainable SOA. The proposed process includes the recovery of the legacy system architecture, as a first step to define the specific evolution plan to be executed and validated. The case study has been applied to a medical imaging system, evolving it into a service model.
Mobile robot navigation using passivity-based MPC

This paper presents a novel mobile vehicle navigation algorithm based on the stability analysis of the model predictive control approach. The energy-shaping technique is performed with the navigation function to obtain a new virtual vehicle model that generates candidate feasible trajectories for the motion planner. Stability of the nonlinear model predictive control system is obtained by the passivity concept providing a guaranteed task completion. The proposed approach is adapted for a unicycle mobile vehicle but the work suggests that the passivity-based nonlinear model predictive control concept can be adapted for the navigation purposes for a broad range of mobile vehicle models.