Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Field Studies of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) at Marmot Island, Alaska 1979 Through 1994

The Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the National Marine Fisheries Service conducted field studies of Steller sea lions (Eumeropias jubatus) on Marmot Island, Alaska, from 1979 through 1994. Marmot Island is one of 15 trend sites and four trend rookeries used to identify population trends in the central Gulf of Alaska. Prior to the 1970s Marmot Island was one of the largest Steller sea lion rookeries in Alaska. Since the 1970s numbers of non-pup (adults, sub-adults, and juvenile) sea lions observed on Marmot Island during the breeding season declined dramatically: 87.1% since 1979. From 1976 to 1994, non-pups declined 76.9% at the 14 other trend sites and 79.1% at the three other trend rookeries in the central Gulf of Alaska. The proportion of juvenile sea lions on Marmot Island also declined, from 15 to 35% of all nonpups during 1979 and 1983, respectively, to 5% or less during 1987 through 1994. The decline in pup numbers were commensurate with those for non-pups. From 1979 to 1994, pup numbers declined 88.1% at Marmot Island and 84.4% at the other three trend rookeries in the central Gulf of Alaska. From 1991 to 1994, pup production declined by 50.1% at Marmot Island and by 40-50% at two of the other central Gulf rookeries. Since 1979, four rookery sites on Marmot Island have either become haulouts or have been abandoned entirely. Non-pup counts were made from 12 through 29 June on Marmot Island since counts made during these dates were likely to be 90% or more of the maximum number of sea lions counted during the breeding season. The hours of 1100 to 1400 ADT or 0900 to 1700 ADT were optimal for observing 90% and 80%, respectively, of daily maximum counts. Optimal dates for counting pups were 29 June through 9 July. Beach 3Z, a rookery beach occupied by relatively few sea lions during the breeding season, was the preferred haul-out site from December through March or April. How and when sea lions make the fall and spring transitions between breeding season and non-breeding season distribution could not be determined. During June and July of 1987 and 1988, 751 pups (390 females, 361 males) were branded and tagged on Marmot Island. Through December 1994, 151 (20.1%: 78 females and 73 males) of these animals were resighted on 204 occasions. Most resightings (116 of 204: 56.9%) were from Marmot Island; an additional 33 resightings (16.2%) were from within a radius of about
Numerical Study on Effect of High-rise Building on Wind and Thermal Environments in Idealized Urban Array: Impacts of Planar Density

How the high-rise (HR) building affects the pedestrian-level wind environment (PLWE) is of great significance to urban planning. Therefore, the effects of the HR building on the wind and the thermal environments in the urban array with different planar densities are studied numerically. The planar densities are 0.25, 0.4 and 0.6. The simulation results reveal that the HR building can strongly affect the flow dynamics and the heat transfer mechanisms in the urban array. Compared with the low-rise (LR) buildings, the presence of the HR building in the surrounding buildings creates high-speed downwash airflow in the upstream street, and the velocity of downwash airflow increases with the increase of planar density. The turbulent kinetic energy at pedestrian level around the HR building increases. When the planar density is large, the direction of the wake airflow behind the HR building is alternating. And long periods of high-speed airflow are observed, which do not occur in the wake of the target LR building. The temperature around the HR building is lower than that around the target LR building. The surface heat flux around the HR building is greater than that around the target LR building. The surface heat flux around the HR building increases with the increase of the planar density, which is contrary to that around the target LR building.
Seasonal Changes in Soil Respiration Rate in a Mulberry Field

Soil respiration rate was monitored during a period of one year from 1990 to 1991 in a mulberry field of volcanic ash soil containing 4.5% carbon in Central Japan, where 1.0 kg m-2 of fresh manure was supplied every year. Alkali absorption method using a sponge disc as absorbent holder (Sponge-AA method) was mainly adopted, but the energy budget method and open-flow chamber method were also applied because the Sponge-AA method has been reported to overestimate soil respiration. It was found that when the Sponge-AA method was applied soil respiration was overestimated by 2.4 and 3.1 times in summer and winter respectively, compared with the other two methods. Calibrated annual soil respiration was 2.29 kg CO2 m2. Soil respiration rate was mainly affected by the air temperature. Both instantaneous and daily mean respiration rates increased approximately to 1.8 times when the air temperature increased by 10•Ž; except in summer. Soil respiration rate was sometimes considerably suppressed during or immediately after heavy precipitation, and enhanced from December to February due to manure supply and litterfall. The estimated amount of decomposed organic materials was equivalent to, or slightly exceeded the amount of inputted materials.
First-Principles Calculations of the Phonon, Elastic, and Thermoelectric Properties of a Ti2CO2 Monolayer

The phonon, elastic, and thermoelectric properties of Ti2CO2 are investigated by first-principles calculations. The dynamic and mechanical stabilities of Ti2CO2 are confirmed. The Ti2CO2 monolayer exhibits strong acoustic–optical coupling with the lowest optical frequency of 122.83 cm–1. The TA mode originates from the contribution of Ti(XY) vibrations and has the largest gruneisen parameter at the Γ point; the LA mode has the main contribution of O(XY) and Ti(XY) vibrations and has the lowest gruneisen parameter at the M point. The analysis of the phonon spectrum indicates that the vibration contributions from C, O, and Ti atoms are mainly located in the low-, middle-, and high-energy regions, respectively. The Seebeck coefficient and electronic conductivity increase with increasing carrier concentration under room temperature. The analysis of mechanical properties shows that Ti2CO2 possesses a larger Young’s modulus and bending modulus, which has a better ability to resist deformation. Thermal properties are further investigated.
Micro and Nanoplastic Contamination and Its Effects on Freshwater Mussels Caged in an Urban Area

Plastic-based contamination has become a major cause of concern as it pervades many environments such as air, water, sediments, and soils. This study sought to examine the presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in freshwater mussels placed at rainfall/street runoff overflows, downstream (15 km) of the city centre of Montréal, and 8 km downstream of a municipal effluent dispersion plume. MPs and NPs were determined using flow cytometry and size exclusion chromatography using fluorescence detection. Following 3 months of exposure during the summer season, mussels contained elevated amounts of both MPs and NPs. The rainfall overflow and downstream of the city centre were the most contaminated sites. Lipid peroxidation, metallothioneins, and protein aggregates (amyloids) were significantly increased at the most contaminated sites and were significantly correlated with NPs in tissues. Based on the levels of MPs and NPs in mussels exposed to municipal effluent, wastewater treatment plants appear to mitigate plastic contamination albeit not completely. In conclusion, the data support the hypothesis that mussels placed in urbanized areas are more contaminated by plastics, which are associated with oxidative damage. The highest responses observed at the overflow site suggest that tire wear and/or asphalt (road) erosion MPs/NPs represent important sources of contamination for the aquatic biota.
Complex number valuation of habitats and information index of the landscape mosaic

Analysis of sustainability and diversity of landscapes demands methods that quantify the composition of the mosaic in different habitats. Habitats have characteristic components of value in the context of a specific landscape, such as economic and ecologic values. We suggest that vector valuation of habitats as a complex number is an interesting approach for developing tools and a conceptual framework that allows for a deep insight over the compositional problem. It is defined an information index for the mosaic related to its potential variability, a measure of heterogeneity, characterized by a set of values and the probabilities of their occurrence as events, or frequency of states of a dynamic system. Such a conceptual framework may help assessing composition scenarios of a landscape mosaic in the context of the equilibrium manifold of an idealized system. We exemplify with an application with ecologic and economic data relative to the region of Nisa, central Portugal.
Integrated inversion using combined wave-equation tomography and full waveform inversion

SUMMARY Wave-equation tomography (WT) and full waveform inversion (FWI) are combined through a hybrid misﬁt function to estimate high-resolution subsurface structures starting from a poorly constrained initial velocity model. Both methods share the same waveﬁeld forward modelling and inversion schemes, while they differ only on the ways to calculate misﬁt functions and hence the ways to sample in the model space. Aiming at minimizing the cross-correlation phase delay between synthetic and real data, WT can be used to retrieve the long- and middle-wavelength model components, which are essential to FWI. Compared to ray-based traveltime tomography that is based on asymptotic high-frequency approximation, WT provides a better resolution by exploring the band-limited feature of seismic waveﬁeld. On the other hand, FWI is capable of resolving the short-wavelength model component, complementing the WT. In this study, we apply WT to surface ﬁrst-arrival refraction data, and apply FWI to both refraction and reﬂection data. We assign adaptive weights to the two different misﬁt measurements and build a progressive inversion strategy. To illustrate the advantage of our strategy over conventional ‘ray tomography + FWI’ approach, we show in a synthetic lens test that WT can provide extra subsurface information that is critical for a successful FWI application. To further show the efﬁciency, we test our strategy on the 2-D Marmousi model where satisfactory inversion results are achieved without much manual intervention. Finally, we apply the inversion strategy to a deep-water seismic data set acquired offshore Sumatra with a 12-km-long streamer. In order to alleviate several practical problems posed by the deep-water setting, we apply downward continuation (DC) to generate a virtual ocean bottom experiment data set prior to inversion. The new geometry after DC boosts up the shallow refractions, as well as avoiding cumbersome modelling through the thick water column, thus reducing the computation cost by 85 per cent. The inversion result from the new data set shows high-resolution shallow sediment structures and the migration images prove the superiority of the inverted model over a conventional tomography model.
ScienceDirect Variety Management in Manufacturing . Proceedings of the 47 th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems Efficient Multi-Objective Optimization Method for the Mixed-Model-Line Assembly Line Design Problem

This paper presents a mathematical model and an adaptation of the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II (SPEA2) for the Mixed-Model Assembly Line balancing and equipment selection problem. The SPEA2 was enriched with a task and equipment reassignment procedure and aims at supporting the planners to find better solutions in the earliest phases of a production system planning project. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the International Scientific Committee of “The 47th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems” in the person of the Conference Chair Professor Hoda ElMaraghy.
Lessons from the canyon : Aboriginal engagement in the Enbridge Northern Gateway environmental assessment

This thesis examines the environmental assessment for the proposed Northern Gateway Pipelines project, focusing on Aboriginal concerns with the process. Northern Gateway is a highly contentious oil pipeline that would link the Tar Sands in Alberta to the BC coast in Kitimat, in an effort to ship Canadian crude to Asia. I focus on the extent and quality of First Nations’ participation in the EA and its meaningful acknowledgement of Aboriginal rights and ontologies. Environmental assessment in Canada has become an important space for the negotiation of Aboriginal rights though it was never intended as such and is wrought with criticism. I present this analysis within a post-colonial framework, grounded in political ecology, political ontology and posthumanism. It is important to understand the case of Northern Gateway in BC today within a broader analysis of a legacy of colonialism, and colonial relationships. To explore these issues, I center on the experience of one Aboriginal organization, the Office of the Wet’suwet’en, in Smithers BC, which is publicly opposed to Northern Gateway.
Water loss through evaporation from water surfaces of lakes and reservoirs in Turkey

The objective of this study 2 was to estimate the amount of evaporative loss from fresh water lake and reservoir surfaces in Turkey and to compare it with supplied water in Turkey. In this study 129 lakes and 223 reservoirs were subjected to evaporation estimates. The total surface area was 3213.97 km 2 and 4026.16 km 2 for the lakes and the reservoirs, respectively. Results showed that total evaporation loss from reservoir and lake surfaces is about 6.8 x 10 9 m 3 per year, 2.7 x 10 9 m 3 from lakes and 4.1 x 10 9 m 3 from reservoirs. This amount exceeds the total annual water consumption of Turkey that is met from ground water and the amount of domestic use (5.7 x 10 9 m 3 ) and industrial use (4 x 10 9 m 3 ) in 1999.
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni A Robust and Versatile MultiView Learning Framework for the Detection of Deviant Business Process Instances

Increasing attention has been paid of late to the problem of detecting and explaining “deviant” process instances, i.e. instances diverging from normal/desired outcomes (e.g., frauds, faults, SLA violations), based on log data. Current solutions allow to discriminate between deviant and normal instances, by combining the extraction of (sequence-based) behavioral patterns with standard classifier-induction methods. However, there is no general consensus on which kind of patterns are the most suitable for such a task, while mixing multiple pattern families together will produce a cumbersome redundant representation of log data that may well confuse the learner. We here propose an ensemblelearning approach to this deviance mining tasks, where multiple base learners are trained on different feature-based views of the given log (obtained each by using a distinguished family of patterns). The final model, induced through a stacking procedure, can implicitly reason on heterogeneous kinds of structural features, by leveraging the predictions of the base models. To make the discovered models more effective, the approach leverages resampling techniques and exploits nonstructural process data. The approach was implemented and tested on real-life logs, where it reached compelling performances w.r. t. state-of-the-art methods.
The Configuration of Older Users as Drivers of Innovation in the Design of Digital Technologies

This paper develops hypotheses on the discovery of older people as "users" in the publicly funded development of digital technologies and underlying innovation policy motives. We then describe the effects of this innovation policy on the development of products and older people as their users in the context of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). To this end, we reconstruct the involvement of users in two AAL funding programs, one at the European level and one at the national level (Germany). Based on this, we discuss the resulting consequences by describing how older people are configured as users in technology development with a focus on the concept of user-centered design (UCD) and what this configuration means for the developed technologies as well as for the older users. We describe how the participation of older people in technology development projects is a complex task that is not without controversy in social science research on user participation. We conclude by arguing for alternative technology development strategies and funding practices.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Smoothed Analysis of Belief Propagation for Minimum-cost Flow and Matching

Belief propagation (BP) is a message-passing heuristic for statistical inference in graphical models such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. BP is used to compute marginal distributions or maximum likelihood assignments and has applications in many areas, including machine learning, image processing, and computer vision. However, the theoretical understanding of the performance of BP remains limited. Recently, BP has been applied to combinatorial optimization problems. It has been proved that BP can be used to compute maximum-weight matchings and minimum-cost flows for instances with a unique optimum. The number of iterations needed for this is pseudo-polynomial and hence BP is not efficient in general. We study BP in the framework of smoothed analysis and prove that with high probability the number of iterations needed to compute maximum-weight matchings and minimum-cost flows is bounded by a polynomial if the weights/costs of the edges are randomly perturbed. To prove our upper bounds, we use an isolation lemma by Beier and Vöcking (SIAM Journal on Computing, 2006) for the matching problem and we generalize an isolation lemma by Gamarnik, Shah, and Wei (Operations Research, 2012) for the min-cost flow problem. We also prove lower tail bounds for the number of iterations that BP needs to converge that almost match our upper bounds.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Complexity of Disjoint Π-vertex Deletion for Disconnected Forbidden Subgraphs

We investigate the computational complexity of Disjoint Π-Vertex Deletion. Here, given an input graph G = (V, E) and a vertex set S ⊆ V , called a solution set, whose removal results in a graph satisfying a non-trivial, hereditary property Π, we are asked to find a solution set S with |S | < |S| and S ∩ S = ∅. This problem is partially motivated by the " compression task " occurring in the iterative compression technique. The complexity of this problem has already been studied, with the restriction that Π is satisfied by a graph G iff Π is satisfied by each connected component of G [7]. In this work, we remove this restriction and show that, a few cases which are polynomial-time solvable, almost all other cases of Disjoint Π-Vertex Deletion are N P-hard.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Energy Models for Graph Clustering

The cluster structure of many real-world graphs is of great interest, as the clusters may correspond e.g. to communities in social networks or to cohesive modules in software systems. Layouts can naturally represent the cluster structure of graphs by grouping densely connected nodes and separating sparsely connected nodes. This article introduces two energy models whose minimum energy layouts represent the cluster structure, one based on repulsion between nodes (like most existing energy models) and one based on repulsion between edges. The latter model is not biased towards grouping nodes with high degrees, and is thus more appropriate for the many real-world graphs with right-skewed degree distributions. The two energy models are shown to be closely related to widely used quality criteria for graph clusterings – namely the density of the cut, Shi and Malik's normalized cut, and Newman's modularity – and to objective functions optimized by eigenvector-based graph drawing methods.
Tracking earthquake source evolution in 3-D

SUMMARY Starting from the hypocentre, the point of initiation of seismic energy, we seek to estimate the subsequent trajectory of the points of emission of high-frequency energy in 3-D, which we term the ‘evocentres’. We track these evocentres as a function of time by energy stacking for putative points on a 3-D grid around the hypocentre that is expanded as time progresses, selecting the location of maximum energy release as a function of time. The spatial resolution in the neighbourhood of a target point can be simply estimated by spatial mapping using the properties of isochrons from the stations. The mapping of a seismogram segment to space is by inverse slowness, and thus more distant stations have a broader spatial contribution. As in hypocentral estimation, the inclusion of a wide azimuthal distribution of stations significantly enhances 3-D capability. We illustrate this approach to tracking source evolution in 3-D by considering two major earthquakes, the 2007 Mw 8.1 Solomons islands event that ruptured across a plate boundary and the 2013 Mw 8.3 event 610 km beneath the Sea of Okhotsk. In each case we are able to provide estimates of the evolution of high-frequency energy that tally well with alternative schemes, but also to provide information on the 3-D characteristics that is not available from backprojection from distant networks. We are able to demonstrate that the major characteristics of event rupture can be captured using just a few azimuthally distributed stations, which opens the opportunity for the approach tobeusedinarapidmodeimmediatelyafteramajoreventtoprovideguidancefor,forexample tsunami warning for megathrust events.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Interactive Visualization of Streaming Text Data with Dynamic Maps

The many endless rivers of text now available present a serious challenge in the task of gleaning, analyzing and discovering useful information. In this paper, we describe a methodology for visualizing a text stream in real-time, modeled as a dynamic graph and its derived map. The approach automatically groups similar messages into clusters displayed as " countries, " with keyword summaries, using semantic analysis, graph clustering and map generation techniques. It handles the need for visual stability across time by dynamic graph layout and Procrustes projection, enhanced with a novel stable component packing algorithm. The result provides a continuous, succinct view of ever-changing topics of interest. To make these ideas concrete, we describe their application to an experimental web service called TwitterScope.