Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Fintech and Digital Financial Services on Financial Inclusion in India

India’s financial inclusion has significantly improved during the last several years. In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of Indians who have bank accounts, with this figure believed to be close to 80% at present. Fintech businesses in India are progressively becoming more noticeable as the Government of India (GoI) continues to strive for expanding financial services to the underbanked sector of the population. To reach the underbanked segments of the population and provide a stable operating environment for fintech businesses, India must seek to increase financial inclusion. In this study, regression and correlation were employed, together with secondary data gathered from the RBI, to analyze this influence. The aim was to determine the impact of fintech and digital financial services on financial inclusion in India. According to the results, fintech businesses have significantly aided financial inclusion in this nation, especially for the middle class. These findings will be helpful for policy-makers working hard to bring every individual in this country into an organized financial system.
Bounds on the average bending of the convex hull boundary of a Kleinian group

In this paper we consider hyperbolic manifolds with incompressible convex core boundary. We show that total bending along a geodesic arc on the boundary of the convex core is bounded above by a function of its length. Integrating this function over the unit tangent bundle of the boundary of the convex core we obtain a new universal upper bound on the total bending of the convex core boundary. Furthermore, we produce a new universal upper bound on the lipschitz constant for the map from the convex core boundary to the hyperbolic structure at infinity. These results improve on earlier bounds of Bridgeman and Canary. Let N = H/Γ be an orientable hyperbolic manifold with domain of discontinuity Ω(Γ) and limit set LΓ. In this paper we restrict ourselves to the case when all the components of Ω(Γ) are simply connected. This is a natural restriction to make and includes the set of quasi-fuchsian groups. Let CH(LΓ) be the convex hull of Γ and βΓ be the bending lamination on ∂CH(LΓ). Let C(N) = CH(LΓ)/Γ be the convex core, and βN be the bending lamination on ∂C(N). Then we observe that ∂C(N) is incompressible if and only if the components of Ω(Γ) are all simply connected. If α is a geodesic arc in CH(LΓ), the average bending B(α) is defined to be the bending per unit length, or specifically
Noisy Nonlinear Motions of Moored System. Part I: Analysis and Simulations

Nonlinear responses of a submerged moored structure are investigated taking into account the presence of environment random noise. Sources of nonlinearity of the system include a quadratic Morison hydrodynamic damping and a geometrically nonlinear restoring force. The random perturbations are modeled by a white-noise process to examine their effects on nonlinear responses analytically and numerically. The analysis procedure includes a generalized Melnikov process to study response stabilities in a global sense and the Fokker-Planck equation to demonstrate response characteristics from a probabilistic perspective. Rich non­ linear phenomena including bifurcations. coexistence of attractors. and chaos are identified and demonstrated. Probability density functions solved from the Fokker-Planck equation are used to depict (co)existing response attractors on the Poincare section and demonstrate their probabilistic properties. Noise effects on responses are shown via a generalized Melnikov criterion and the probability density function. It is found that the presence of noise may expand the chaotic domain in the parameter space and also cause transitions between coexisting responses. ABSTRACT: Nonlinear responses of a submerged moored structure are investigated taking into account the presence of environment random noise. Sources of nonlinearity of the system include a quadratic Morison hydrodynamic damping and a geometrically nonlinear restoring force. The random perturbations are modeled by a white-noise process to examine their effects on nonlinear responses analytically and numerically. The analysis procedure includes a generalized Melnikov process to study response stabilities in a global sense and the Fokker-Planck equation to demonstrate response characteristics from a probabilistic perspective. Rich non­ linear phenomena including bifurcations. coexistence of attractors. and chaos are identified and demonstrated. Probability density functions solved from the Fokker-Planck equation are used to depict (co)existing response attractors on the Poincare section and demonstrate their probabilistic properties. Noise effects on responses are shown via a generalized Melnikov criterion and the probability density function. It is found that the presence of noise may expand the chaotic domain in the parameter space and also cause transitions between coexisting responses.
Minimax approaches to robust model predictive control

Controlling a system with control and state constraints is one of the most important problems in control theory, but also one of the most challenging. Another important but just as demanding topic is robustness against uncertainties in a controlled system. One of the most successful approaches, both in theory and practice, to control constrained systems is model predictive control (MPC). The basic idea in MPC is to repeatedly solve optimization problems on-line to find an optimal input to the controlled system. In recent years, much effort has been spent to incorporate the robustness problem into this framework.The main part of the thesis revolves around minimax formulations of MPC for uncertain constrained linear discrete-time systems. A minimax strategy in MPC means that worst-case performance with respect to uncertainties is optimized. Unfortunately, many minimax MPC formulations yield intractable optimization problems with exponential complexity.Minimax algorithms for a number of uncertainty models are derived in the thesis. These include systems with bounded external additive disturbances, systems with uncertain gain, and systems described with linear fractional transformations. The central theme in the different algorithms is semidefinite relaxations. This means that the minimax problems are written as uncertain semidefinite programs, and then conservatively approximated using robust optimization theory. The result is an optimization problem with polynomial complexity.The use of semidefinite relaxations enables a framework that allows extensions of the basic algorithms, such as joint minimax control and estimation, and approx- imation of closed-loop minimax MPC using a convex programming framework. Additional topics include development of an efficient optimization algorithm to solve the resulting semidefinite programs and connections between deterministic minimax MPC and stochastic risk-sensitive control.The remaining part of the thesis is devoted to stability issues in MPC for continuous-time nonlinear unconstrained systems. While stability of MPC for un-constrained linear systems essentially is solved with the linear quadratic controller, no such simple solution exists in the nonlinear case. It is shown how tools from modern nonlinear control theory can be used to synthesize finite horizon MPC controllers with guaranteed stability, and more importantly, how some of the tech- nical assumptions in the literature can be dispensed with by using a slightly more complex controller.
The Mediating Role of Eating Attitudes in Sociocultural Attitudes toward the Body in Predicting Obligatory Exercise among Young People: A Polish and Chinese Comparison

The main aims of this study were to determine which sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise are universal for young men or women and which are specific to particular cultural conditions (Polish or Chinese culture) and to examine the mediating role of eating attitudes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Poles (n = 259) and Chinese (n = 208) aged 18 to 30. Descriptive and comparative statistics, Spearman’s rho, and multiple regression analysis were used. The main analyses showed that Internalization—Athlete was a common positive direct predictor of obligatory exercise among young Polish and Chinese women; Information and Internalization—Athlete were only specific direct positive predictors of obligatory exercise in young Chinese men; some variables in eating attitudes mediated the development of obligatory exercise in young Polish and Chinese men and women and indicated that there were cross-cultural differences. In understanding obligatory exercise among young people, attention should be paid to their sociocultural attitudes toward the body and eating, and cultural and gender differences need to be considered.
LAVAA: a lightweight association viewer across ailments

Abstract Motivation Biobank scale genetic associations results over thousands of traits can be difficult to visualize and navigate. Results We have created LAVAA, a visualization web-application to generate genetic volcano plots for simultaneously considering the P-value, effect size, case counts, trait class and fine-mapping posterior probability at a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) across a range of traits from a large set of genome-wide association study. We find that user interaction with association results in LAVAA can enrich and enhance the biological interpretation of individual loci. Availability and implementation LAVAA is available as a stand-alone web service (https://geneviz.aalto.fi/LAVAA/) and will be available in future releases of the finngen.fi website starting with release 10 in late 2023.
Micro Nanofibrillated Cellulose as Functional Additive Supporting Processability of Surface-Active Mineral Suspensions: Exemplified by Pixel Coating of an NOx-Sorbent Layer

Unlike established coating formulations, functional particulate coatings often demand the omission of polymer dispersant so as to retain surface functionality. This results in heterogeneous complex rheology. We take an example from a novel development for an NOx mitigation surface flow filter system, in which ground calcium carbonate (GCC), applied in a coating, reacts with NO2 releasing CO2. Inclusion of mesoporous ancillary mineral acts to capture the CO2. The coating is applied as droplets to maximize gas-contact dynamic by forming a pixelated 2D array using a coating device consisting of protruding pins, which are loaded by submersion in the aqueous coating color such that the adhering droplets are transferred onto the substrate. The flow is driven by surface meniscus wetting causing lateral spread and bulk pore permeation. Filamentation occurs during the retraction of the pins. Stress-related viscoelastic and induced dilatancy in the suspension containing the ancillary mesoporous mineral disrupts processability. Adopting shear, oscillation and extensional rheometric methods, we show that the inclusion of an ancillary mineral that alone absorbs water, e.g., perlite (a naturally occurring porous volcanic glass), is rheologically preferable to one that in addition to absorbing water also immobilizes it on the mineral surface, e.g., sepiolite. When including micro-nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC), critical for maintaining moisture to support NO2 sorption, it is observed that it acts also as a flow modifier, enabling uniform coating transfer to be achieved, thus eliminating any possible detrimental effect on mineral surface activity by avoiding the use of soluble polymeric dispersant.
Structural and optical characterization of InAs/InGaAs self‐assembled quantum dots grown on (311)B GaAs

InAs/InGaAs self‐assembled quantum dots (SADs) are fabricated on (311)B GaAs by molecular‐beam epitaxy using the Stranski–Krastanow growth mode. The critical thickness for the SAD formation on (311)B substrates is almost the same as that on (100) surface, characterized by in situ reflection high‐energy electron‐diffraction pattern changes. Atomic force microscopy observation on In0.5Ga0. 5As SADs showed uniform nanometer scale quantum dots with a typical dot diameter of around 25 nm ±2 nm and a typical height of 13.7 nm ±2.2 nm. In photoluminescence measurements, an intense peak from the SADs is observed with a sharp luminescence from the wetting layer that exists two‐dimensionally underneath the SAD structure. A compound SAD structure is proposed where the composition of the wetting layer and the SAD layer are different. This is intended to suppress the luminescence from the wetting layer. The narrowest full widths at half‐maximum of the luminescence from the compound SADs on (311)B are about 35 meV at 2 .
Electron-impact single ionization of multiply charged aluminium ions

Absolute total cross sections for electron-impact single ionization of Alq + (q = 3-7) ions are investigated experimentally as well as theoretically. Employing the crossed-beams technique, the cross sections have been measured from below the respective ground state threshold up to 1 keV and partly up to 5.5 keV. The theoretical calculations were performed using the configuration-averaged {distorted-wave} method, including both direct ionization and excitation-autoionization contributions from the 2p-shell. The measurements are in good agreement with the calculations considering a small content of metastable ions in the incident ion beam. Because of the strong dominance by direct ionization processes the semiempirical Lotz formula can describe the measured data as well.
Dissipative systems and complementarity conditions

In this paper existence and uniqueness of solutions to linear complementarity systems (LCS) are considered. Complementarity systems are systems that are composed of differential equations, inequalities and switching logic. These systems can therefore be seen as a subclass of hybrid dynamical systems. The main result of this paper states that dissipativity of the underlying state space description of a LCS is a sufficient condition for existence of so-called initial solutions and guarantees uniqueness of the state trajectory. Applications of the results include electrical networks with diodes.
Flow in a converging channel at moderate reynolds numbers

An analytical solution is found for flow in a converging channel for Reynolds numbers in the range of 102 to 103. The solution applies to an axisymmetric channel, for which the shape is given by R2z=constant, where R is the channel radius at the axial distance z. This shape produces a center-line or core velocity that increases linearly with z, thus making the extensional rate constant. The analytical solution is a pseudosimilarity solution of the axial momentum equation, and its accuracy was gauged by comparison to other results. Comparisons of velocity and pressure distributions to experimental data and to finite-element results indicate that the analytical solution is accurate to about 5%.
Critical flicker frequency (CFF) at high luminance levels

The critical flicker fusion (CFF) is the frequency of changes at which a temporally periodic light will begin to appear com-pletely steady to an observer. This value is affected by several visual factors, such as the luminance of the stimulus or its loca-tion on the retina. With new high dynamic range (HDR) displays, operating at higher luminance levels, and virtual reality (VR) displays, presenting at wide fields-of-view, the effective CFF may change significantly from values expected for traditional presen-tation. In this work we use a prototype HDR VR display capable of luminances up to 20,000cd/m 2 to gather a novel set of CFF measurements for never before examined levels of luminance, eccentricity, and size. Our data is useful to study the temporal be-havior of the visual system at high luminance levels, as well as setting useful thresholds for display engineering.
A Narrative Review of Point of Care Ultrasound Assessment of the Optic Nerve in Emergency Medicine

Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) of the optic nerve is easy to learn and has great diagnostic potential. Within emergency medicine, research has primarily focused on its use for the assessment of increased intracranial pressure, but many other applications exist, though the literature is heterogeneous and largely observational. This narrative review describes the principles of POCUS of the optic nerve including anatomy and scanning technique, as well as a summary of its best studied clinical applications of relevance in emergency medicine: increased intracranial pressure, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, optic neuritis, acute mountain sickness, and pediatric intracranial pressure assessment. In many of these applications, sonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has moderately high sensitivity and specificity, but the supporting studies are heterogeneous. Further studies should focus on standardization of the measurement of ONSD, establishment of consistent diagnostic thresholds for elevated intracranial pressure, and automation of ONSD measurement.
Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, Mechanisms of Action of the Leaf Extract of Aloe arborescens Mill

Aloe arborescens Mill’s extracts have been explored for antibacterial and antioxidant efficacies. However, there is limited information on its chemical composition and mechanism of action. The purpose of this study was to assess the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities and mechanism of the whole leaf extract of A. arborescens Mill. The phytochemical profile was analysed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were screened using 1,1diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and micro-dilution assays, respectively. The effects of the extract on the bacterial respiratory chain dehydrogenase, membrane integrity and permeability were analysed using iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, 260 absorbing materials and relative electrical conductivity assays. GC-MS spectrum revealed 26 compounds with N,N’-trimethyleneurea (10.56%), xanthine (8.57%) and 4-hexyl-1-(7-ethoxycarbonylheptyl)bicyclo[4.4. 0]deca-2,5,7-triene (7.10%), being the major components. The extract also exhibited antioxidant activity with median concentration (IC50) values of 0.65 mg/mL on DPPH and 0.052 mg/mL on ABTS. The extract exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.07 to 1.13 mg/mL. The extract inhibited the bacterial growth by destructing the activity of the respiratory chain dehydrogenase, membrane integrity and permeability. Therefore, the leaf extract has the potential to serve as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds.
Impact of different ground-based microgravity models on human sensorimotor system

This review includes current and updated information about various ground-based microgravity models and their impact on the human sensorimotor system. All known models of microgravity are imperfect in a simulation of the physiological effects of microgravity but have their advantages and disadvantages. This review points out that understanding the role of gravity in motion control requires consideration of data from different environments and in various contexts. The compiled information can be helpful to researchers to effectively plan experiments using ground-based models of the effects of space flight, depending on the problem posed.
Event-Guided Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction

The event camera efficiently detects scene radiance changes and produces an asynchronous event stream with low latency, high dynamic range (HDR), high temporal resolution, and low power consumption. However, the large output data caused by the asynchronous imaging mechanism makes the increase in spatial resolution of the event camera limited. In this paper, we propose a novel event camera super-resolution (SR) network (EFSR-Net) based on a deep learning approach to address the problems of low spatial resolution and poor visualization of event cameras. The network model is capable of reconstructing high-resolution (HR) intensity images using event streams and active sensor pixel (APS) frame information. We design the coupled response blocks (CRB) in the network that are able of fusing the feature information of both data to achieve the recovery of detailed textures in the shadows of real images. We demonstrate that our method is able to reconstruct high-resolution intensity images with more details and less blurring in synthetic and real datasets, respectively. The proposed EFSR-Net can improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) metric by 1–2 dB compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Divide and Conquer: EKF SLAM in O(n)

In this paper, we show that all processes associated with the move-sense-update cycle of extended Kalman filter (EKF) Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) can be carried out in time linear with the number of map features. We describe Divide and Conquer SLAM, which is an EKF SLAM algorithm in which the computational complexity per step is reduced from O(n 2) to O(n), and the total cost of SLAM is reduced from O(n 3) to O(n 2). Unlike many current large-scale EKF SLAM techniques, this algorithm computes a solution without relying on approximations or simplifications (other than linearizations) to reduce computational complexity. Also, estimates and covariances are available when needed by data association without any further computation. Furthermore, as the method works most of the time in local maps, where angular errors remain small, the effect of linearization errors is limited. The resulting vehicle and map estimates are more precise than those obtained with standard EKF SLAM. The errors with respect to the true value are smaller, and the computed state covariance is consistent with the real error in the estimation. Both simulated experiments and the Victoria Park dataset are used to provide evidence of the advantages of this algorithm.
Miniature gas turbines: Numerical study of the effects of heat transfer and Reynolds number on the performance of an axial compressor

In the present work, we focus on computational investigations of the Reynolds number effect and the wall heat transfer on the performance of axial compressor during its miniaturization. The NASA stage 35 compressor is selected as the configuration in this study and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to carry out the miniaturization process and simulations. We perform parameter studies on the effect of Reynolds number and wall thermal conditions. Our results indicate a decrease of efficiency, if the compressor is miniaturized based on its original geometry due to the increase of viscous effects. The increased heat transfer through wall has only a small effect and will actually benefit compressor performance based on our study.
Bulk-trap modulated Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial carrier relaxation process in a fullerene/polyimide double-layer device investigated by time-resolved second harmonic generation

The voltage dependent Maxwell-Wagner (MW) type interfacial carrier relaxation process in a fullerene(C60)/polyimide double-layer device was studied by using time-resolved second harmonic generation technique (TR-SHG). The charging of the electrodes, carrier transport, interfacial charge accumulation, and relaxation processes were revealed individually by TR-SHG and analyzed on the basis of the MW model. However, it was found that the interfacial carrier relaxation process followed a stretched exponential law and had a higher order dependence on the applied voltage, which cannot be explained by the simple MW model and were attributed to the bulk traps distributed in the fullerene layer. By taking into account the effects of bulk traps, a bulk-trap modulated MW model was proposed. This model indicates that the interfacial carrier relaxation time (τMW) is not only voltage dependent, but also time dependent, especially within the time region comparable to the characteristic relaxation time of the bulk traps (.