Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Photosensitivity Associated with Anaplasma spp. Infection in Cattle

Simple Summary A five-year-old Holstein cow in her fifth month of gestation was presented to our ruminant livestock clinic for skin injury diagnosis, which occurred after grazing with other healthy Holstein cows for several months on a grass pasture. The cow was dewormed on a regular schedule and produced a decreasing amount of milk. It was RT-PCR positive to Anaplasma spp. infection. After starting oxytetracycline treatment, its condition improved within 24 h, and it fully recovered within 30 days. The underlying pathogenic mechanism of Anaplasma spp. infection is its impairment of the bile flow and liver function, leading to secondary photosensitization due to the pathological retention of phylloerythrin. In this case, Anaplasma spp should be considered an etiologic diagnosis of hepatogenous photosensitization, as the cow was continually exposed to sunlight while grazing on pasture. Abstract Anaplasma infection has not previously been reported as a cause of photosensitization. This case presents a five-year-old Holstein cow in her fifth month of gestation with skin injury of nonpigmented areas clearly delimited from adjacent unaffected pigmented skin. Specific lesions included alopecia, localized oedema, desquamation erythema, serous exudation, thick detached skin, fissures, crusting, and necrosis, indicating photodermatitis. Hematological abnormalities were leukocytosis with neutrophilia and normocytic hypochromic anemia. Based on a hemoparasitic examination of blood smears, the organism Anaplasma spp. was observed within the red blood cells. Biochemical analyses revealed increased serum liver enzyme activity associated with hepatocellular damage and cholestasis. This cow was RT-PCR positive for Anaplasma spp. infection. After treatment with oxytetracycline started, its condition improved within 24 h, and it recovered completely within 30 days. In this case, the underlying pathogenic mechanism of Anaplasma spp. infection facilitated the impairment of bile flow and liver function, resulting in hepatogenous photosensitization.
Modeling Study on Melt Flow, Heat Transfer, and Inclusion Motion in the Funnel-Shaped Molds for Two Thin-Slab Casters

For the purpose of studying compact strip production (CSP) funnel-shaped mold and flexible thin-slab rolling (FTSR) funnel-shaped mold, a three-dimensional (3D) multi-field coupling mathematical model was established to describe the electromagnetic braking (EMBr) continuous casting process. To investigate the metallurgical effect of EMBr in the CSP and FTSR funnel-shaped thin-slab molds, a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence model, together with an enthalpy–porosity approach, was established to numerically simulate the effect of ruler EMBr on the behaviors of melt flow, heat transfer, solidification, and inclusion movement in high-speed casting. The simulation results indicate that the application of ruler EMBr in the CSP and FTSR molds shows great potential to improve the surface temperature of molten steel and reduce the penetration depth of downward backflow. This contributes to the melting of the slag rim near the meniscus region and facilitates the floating removal of the inclusions in the molten pool. In addition, in comparison with the case of no EMBr, the parametric study shows that the braking effect of ruler EMBr with an electromagnetic parameter of 0.5 T can enhance the upward backflow in the two high-speed thin-slab molds. The enhanced upward backflow can successfully entrain the inclusions to the top of the mold and improve the activity of surface fluctuations to avoid the formation of the slag rim. For instance, for the ruler EMBr applied to the FTSR mold, the maximum amplitude of surface fluctuation and the floatation removal quantity of inclusions with a diameter of 100 mm are increased by 4.6 percent and 51 percent, respectively.
The Role of the 145 Residue in Photochemical Properties of the Biphotochromic Protein mSAASoti: Brightness versus Photoconversion

Photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (FPs) have become indispensable tools for studying life sciences. mSAASoti FP, a biphotochromic FP, is an important representative of this protein family. We created a series of mSAASoti mutants in order to obtain fast photoswitchable variants with high brightness. K145P mSAASoti has the highest molar extinction coefficient of all SAASoti mutants studied; C21N/K145P/M163A switches to the dark state 36 times faster than mSAASoti, but it lost its ability to undergo green-to-red photoconversion. Finally, the C21N/K145P/F177S and C21N/K145P/M163A/F177S variants demonstrated a high photoswitching rate between both green and red forms.
Formulating Parallel Supervised Machine Learning Designs For Anomaly-Based Network Intrusion Detection in Resource Constrained Use Cases

One of the main problems with using supervised machine learning for anomaly-based Network Intrusion Detection (NID) in large cyber networks is the massive and dynamic data sets used in training and the computational overhead they induce in the training phase. In resource-constrained situations, there is a lack of powerful machines that would be traditionally used to deal with a high computational load. We focus on parallel processing designs that work in such resource-constrained use cases by lowering the computational overhead of supervised machine learning for anomaly-based NID, specifically for Mini-batch gradient descent. We avoid the black-box approach of traditional parallelization frameworks and allow the user to maximize the utilization of their scarce computational resources by granting greater control over parallelization while leveraging key aspects of the optimization algorithms being implemented. To demonstrate this, we implemented initial data and model parallel based designs, using the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) and Message Passing Interface (MPI) libraries, aimed at maximizing the use of a limited number of CPUs and GPUs. We conducted an initial comparative performance study using a large real-world network intrusion dataset called the KDD cup 1999; our results demonstrate up to 8.5 times more epochs per second using just 1 GPU (4000 threads) and up to 37 times faster convergence using just 1 compute node (7 cores) when compared to a serial approach.
The Subunit AEC/BC02 Vaccine Combined with Antibiotics Provides Protection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Guinea Pigs

A latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a major source of active tuberculosis, and addressing an LTBI is crucial for the elimination of tuberculosis. The treatment of tuberculosis often requires a 6-month course of multidrug therapy, and for drug-resistant tuberculosis, a longer course of multidrug therapy is needed, which has many drawbacks. At present, vaccines are proposed as an adjunct to chemotherapy to protect populations with an LTBI and delay its recurrence. In this study, we analyzed the protective effect of a novel subunit vaccine, AEC/BC02, in a guinea pig latent infection model. Through the optimization of different chemotherapy durations and immunization times, it was found that 4 weeks of administration of isoniazid–rifampin tablets combined with three or six injections of the vaccine could significantly reduce the gross pathological score and bacterial load in organs and improve the pathological lesions. This treatment regimen had a better protective effect than the other administration methods. Furthermore, no drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected after 2 or 4 weeks of administration of the isoniazid–rifampin tablets, indicating a low risk of developing drug-resistant bacteria during short-term chemotherapy. The above results provided the foundation for an AEC/BC02 clinical protocol.
The Roughness Length for Heat of Sparse Vegetation

Abstract A dual-source model that solves the energy balance over vegetation and soil separately can be inverted to obtain the roughness length for heat z0h of a single-source model. Model parameters for the dual-source model were taken from previous analysis of data from a sparse canopy in semiarid terrain. In these circumstances, the value of z0h, is shown to be dependent on the humidity deficit, the available energy, the vegetation fraction, and the surface resistance of the soil and the vegetation.
Characteristics of Hearing Loss in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of hearing loss (HL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its related factors. Methods: Ninety-one hospitalized SLE patients and thirty healthy controls were enrolled. All subjects completed pure tone audiometry (PTA), extended high frequency audiometry (EHFA) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) to assess hearing function. SLE patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of HL, and the risk factors of HL were determined by multivariate logistic regression. Results: The incidence of HL was 27.47% in SLE patients, significantly higher than in the control group (3.3%) and most cases were mild-to-moderate, bilateral and predominantly sensorineural. Compared with the control group, the hearing thresholds of SLE patients increased significantly in the middle and high frequencies starting from 2000 Hz. Even though the PTA test results were normal, the EHFA test results showed significant differences in hearing impairment between SLE patients and normal controls. For patients with abnormal PTA results, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in DPOAE was markedly reduced, and the pass rate was also decreased. The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index (SDI, OR 9.13) and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome (sSS, OR 8.20) were identified as independent associated factors for HL, and there was no difference in PTA and EHFA at all frequencies between hydroxychloroquine users and non-users. Conclusions: HL is not rare in SLE patients, and EHFA can help identify early hearing impairment. Having a high SDI score and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome may predict the presence of HL in SLE.
Open Robot Hardware: Progress, Benefits, Challenges, and Best Practices

Technologies from open source projects have seen widespread adoption in robotics in recent years. The rapid pace of progress in robotics is in part fueled by open source projects, providing researchers with resources, tools, and devices to implement novel ideas and approaches quickly. Open source hardware, in particular, lowers the barrier of entry to new technologies and can further accelerate innovation in robotics. But open hardware is also more difficult to propagate in comparison to open software because it involves replicating physical components, which requires users to have sufficient familiarity and access to fabrication equipment. In this work, we present a review on open robot hardware (ORH) by first highlighting the key benefits and challenges encountered by users and developers of ORH, and then relaying some best practices that can be adopted in developing successful ORH. To accomplish this, we surveyed more than 80 major ORH projects and initiatives across different domains within robotics. Finally, we identify strategies exemplified by the surveyed projects to further detail the development process, and guide developers through the design, documentation, and dissemination stages of an ORH project.
Adaptive nonlocal means-based regularization for statistical image reconstruction of low-dose X-ray CT

To reduce radiation dose in X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, one of the common strategies is to lower the milliampere-second (mAs) setting during projection data acquisition. However, this strategy would inevitably increase the projection data noise, and the resulting image by the filtered back-projection (FBP) method may suffer from excessive noise and streak artifacts. The edge-preserving nonlocal means (NLM) filtering can help to reduce the noise-induced artifacts in the FBP reconstructed image, but it sometimes cannot completely eliminate them, especially under very low-dose circumstance when the image is severely degraded. To deal with this situation, we proposed a statistical image reconstruction scheme using a NLM-based regularization, which can suppress the noise and streak artifacts more effectively. However, we noticed that using uniform filtering parameter in the NLM-based regularization was rarely optimal for the entire image. Therefore, in this study, we further developed a novel approach for designing adaptive filtering parameters by considering local characteristics of the image, and the resulting regularization is referred to as adaptive NLM-based regularization. Experimental results with physical phantom and clinical patient data validated the superiority of using the proposed adaptive NLM-regularized statistical image reconstruction method for low-dose X-ray CT, in terms of noise/streak artifacts suppression and edge/detail/contrast/texture preservation.
Effects of Image Quality on the Accuracy Human Pose Estimation and Detection of Eye Lid Opening/Closing Using Openpose and DLib

Objective: The application of computer models in continuous patient activity monitoring using video cameras is complicated by the capture of images of varying qualities due to poor lighting conditions and lower image resolutions. Insufficient literature has assessed the effects of image resolution, color depth, noise level, and low light on the inference of eye opening and closing and body landmarks from digital images. Method: This study systematically assessed the effects of varying image resolutions (from 100 × 100 pixels to 20 × 20 pixels at an interval of 10 pixels), lighting conditions (from 42 to 2 lux with an interval of 2 lux), color-depths (from 16.7 M colors to 8 M, 1 M, 512 K, 216 K, 64 K, 8 K, 1 K, 729, 512, 343, 216, 125, 64, 27, and 8 colors), and noise levels on the accuracy and model performance in eye dimension estimation and body keypoint localization using the Dlib library and OpenPose with images from the Closed Eyes in the Wild and the COCO datasets, as well as photographs of the face captured at different light intensities. Results: The model accuracy and rate of model failure remained acceptable at an image resolution of 60 × 60 pixels, a color depth of 343 colors, a light intensity of 14 lux, and a Gaussian noise level of 4% (i.e., 4% of pixels replaced by Gaussian noise). Conclusions: The Dlib and OpenPose models failed to detect eye dimensions and body keypoints only at low image resolutions, lighting conditions, and color depths. Clinical Impact: Our established baseline threshold values will be useful for future work in the application of computer vision in continuous patient monitoring.
Prediction of Parabolic Antenna Satellite Drag Force in Low Earth Orbit using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method

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β-Lactam Dosing in Critical Patients: A Narrative Review of Optimal Efficacy and the Prevention of Resistance and Toxicity

Antimicrobial prescription in critically ill patients represents a complex challenge due to the difficult balance between infection treatment and toxicity prevention. Underexposure to antibiotics and therapeutic failure or, conversely, drug overexposure and toxicity may both contribute to a worse prognosis. Moreover, changes in organ perfusion and dysfunction often lead to unpredictable pharmacokinetics. In critically ill patients, interindividual and intraindividual real-time β-lactam antibiotic dose adjustments according to the patient’s condition are critical. The continuous infusion of β-lactams and the therapeutic monitoring of their concentration have both been proposed to improve their efficacy, but strong data to support their use are still lacking. The knowledge of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets is poor and is mostly based on observational data. In patients with renal or hepatic failure, selecting the right dose is even more tricky due to changes in drug clearance, distribution, and the use of extracorporeal circuits. Intermittent usage may further increase the dosing conundrum. Recent data have emerged linking overexposure to β-lactams to central nervous system toxicity, mitochondrial recovery delay, and microbiome changes. In addition, it is well recognized that β-lactam exposure facilitates resistance selection and that correct dosing can help to overcome it. In this review, we discuss recent data regarding real-time β-lactam antibiotic dose adjustment, options in special populations, and the impacts on mitochondria and the microbiome.
Numerical Simulations of the Near-Field Region of Film Cooling Jets Under High Free Stream Turbulence: Application of RANS and Hybrid URANS/Large Eddy Simulation Models

This paper investigates the ﬂow ﬁeld and thermal characteristics in the near-ﬁeld regionof ﬁlm cooling jets through numerical simulations using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and hybrid unsteady RANS (URANS)/large eddy simulation (LES) models.Detailed simulations of ﬂow and thermal ﬁelds of a single-row of ﬁlm cooling cylindricalholes with 30deg inline injection on a ﬂat plate are obtained for low (M¼0.5) and high(M¼1.5) blowing ratios under high free stream turbulence (FST) (10%). The realizablek- emodel is used within the RANS framework and a realizable k- -based detached eddysimulation (DES) is used as a hybrid URANS/LES model. Both models are used togetherwith the two-layer zonal model for near-wall simulations. Steady and time-averagedunsteady ﬁlm cooling effectiveness obtained using these models are compared with avail-able experimental data. It is shown that hybrid URANS/LES models (DES in the presentpaper) predict more mixing both in the wall-normal and spanwise directions compared toRANS models, while unsteady asymmetric vortical structures of the ﬂow can also be cap-tured. The turbulent heat ﬂux components predicted by the DES model are higher thanthose obtained by the RANS simulations, resulting in enhanced turbulent heat transferbetween the jet and mainstream, and consequently better predictions of the effectiveness.Nevertheless, there still exist some discrepancies between numerical results andexperimental data. Furthermore, the unsteady physics of jet and crossﬂow interactionsand the jet lift-off under high FST is studied using the present DES results. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4028646]Keywords: ﬁlm cooling, unsteady simulation, turbulence modeling, high free streamturbulence, detached eddy simulation
C 1 -C 4 hydrocarbons in the North and South Pacific

Low molecular weight hydrocarbons in the surface waters of the North and South Pacific have been measured. Methane concentrations average 4.2 × 10 ? 5 ml/1, while the C 2 -C 4 hydrocarbons averaged 1–5 × 10 ? 6 ml/l. A large broad peak was found between 10° N and 10° S for the unsaturated hydrocarbons. Large concentrations of the C 1 -C 4 hydrocarbons were found in the different types of Antarctic sea ice. Atmospheric methane concentrations averaged 1.44 ± 0.04 ppm and decreased to 1.36 ± 0.04 ppm at the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITC). DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974. tb01953.x
TEAM: a framework for full mission autonomy using collaborative, heterogenous autonomous vehicles

The TEAM layered architecture provides a solution for realizing a high level of mission autonomy for a group of heterogenous autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that collectively work towards a common goal. The architecture is particularly suited for managing systems that need to operate in communications-limited environments such as the underwater environment [1]. TEAM minimizes the requirements for communication by using a layered architecture following 4D/RCS principles [2], where missions are hierarchically decomposed into tasks and each layer has its own control functionality which is responsible for the planning, execution and evaluation of tasks. The top layer thus delegates the planning, execution and evaluation of tasks to a lower layer, requesting that the specified performance goals are met. This paper details the design choices and implementation of TEAM, explaining the ideas on which the architecture is based and providing an anchor for publishing subsequent work. The paper will also show some results obtained during real life demonstrations performed during the REPMUS 2021 experiments [3]. The general concepts implemented in TEAM can be applied to many autonomous applications requiring collaborative mission autonomy. The layered architecture provides an interesting view on how to approach a complex autonomy problem by breaking the problem into smaller pieces, and using vehicle autonomy within a cooperative framework.
Three-dimensional displacement measurement using a newly designed moire´ interferometer

A new moireinterferometer for determining 3-D displacement field of a slightly strained body is proposed. In this interferometer, the specimen grating not only diffracts the incoming beam into several beams but also rediffracts the diffracted beams, each of them is reflected from a mirror back to the path of the incoming beam. The rediffracted beams are then directed to a camera to generate three interference pat- terns, which are sufficient to determine the 3-D displacement field. The governing equations corresponding to these interference patterns are derived, and the advantages of using this interferometer are described. Some experiments were carried out to verify the governing equations and advantages. © 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction among Elderly Migrants in China: A Moderated Mediation Model of Resilience and Upward Intergenerational Support

Objective: This study aimed to test whether resilience mediates the association between self-rated health and life satisfaction and the moderated effect of upward intergenerational support among elderly migrants in China. Method: We used self-reported data collected from 654 elderly migrants in Nanjing. The regression analysis using bootstrapping methods was conducted to explore the mediating and moderating effects. Results: Resilience mediated the relationship between self-rated health and life satisfaction among elderly migrants in China. The moderated mediation analysis indicated that the upward intergenerational support moderated the path between self-rated health and resilience. Specifically, compared with those with a low level of emotional support, the self-rated health of elderly migrants with a high level of emotional support has a stronger effect on resilience. Moreover, the self-rated health of elderly migrants with a low level of financial support has a stronger effect on resilience than those with a higher level of financial support. Conclusion: Resilience could partially mediate the effect of self-rated health on life satisfaction among elderly migrants in China, and upward intergenerational support moderated the indirect relationship between self-rated health and life satisfaction via resilience.