Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vki Lecture Series on Optimization Methods & Tools for Multicriteria/multidisciplinary Design Collectives and Complex System Design 1. Summary 2. Introduction

A collective is a group of self-motivated agents that maximize system performance through the pursuit of local objectives. This paper deals with two aspects of collective design: the application of optimization in the design of collectives, and the use of collectives for engineering design itself, in which multiple individuals or teams design parts of a large-scale system. Examples are drawn from aeronautical engineering, where well-developed models in the many relevant disciplines may be used to analyze and optimize the complete system. The design of aircraft, involving many individuals or organizations, and the formation flight of geese, for example, share many similar features. In each case, individuals must decide on a course of action that must benefit the system as a whole, despite the requirement that they act locally and cannot immediately ascertain the effect of their actions on the entire system. Examples demonstrate how multi-level distributed optimization can be used to achieve optimal system performance while focusing on local degrees of freedom and how a similar approach leads to the optimal V-shaped flock of geese, even when individual birds seek only to maximize their own local goals. Additional applications of these ideas show how collectives may provide new engineering solutions to problems in aerospace design. A variety of interesting problems in aeronautics involve the interaction among multiple agents that must act as a group to accomplish some task. These agents may be unmanned air vehicles searching cooperatively, a group of control actuators that must act in concert to achieve a desired response, or a team of design experts working on portions of an overall system design problem. Indeed this type of problem is common throughout nature and society, from insect colonies and distributed corporate organizations to national economies. And although design techniques for individual vehicles or controllers are well-developed, design strategies and tools for the optimization of multi-agent systems are often primitive and heuristic, despite the importance of these systems in engineering and society. In this paper we consider a special type of multi-agent system, a " collective " in which a group of self-motivated individuals seek to maximize the performance of the system as a whole. This paper describes the emerging theory of collectives, approaches to their design, and their application in aeronautical engineering. The development of aeronautical systems has focused on the design of individual vehicles, which are then sometimes assembled into a fleet, to become the air …
GPU optimizations for a production molecular docking code

Modeling molecular docking is critical to both understanding life processes and designing new drugs. In previous work we created the first published GPU-accelerated docking code (PIPER) which achieved a roughly 5x speed-up over a contemporaneous 4 core CPU. Advances in GPU architecture and in the CPU code, however, have since reduced this relative performance by a factor of 10. In this paper we describe the upgrade of GPU PIPER. This required an entire rewrite, including algorithm changes and moving most remaining non-accelerated CPU code onto the GPU. The result is a 7x improvement in GPU performance and a 3.3x speedup over the CPU-only code. We find that this difference in time is almost entirely due to the difference in run times of the 3D FFT library functions on CPU (MKL) and GPU (cuFFT), respectively. The GPU code has been integrated into the ClusPro docking server which has over 4000 active users.
New analytical models and probability density functions for fading in wireless communications

This paper presents new envelope probability density functions (PDFs) that describe small-scale, local area fading experienced by narrow-band wireless receivers. The paper also develops novel PDFs that describe the local area fading of two specular multipath components in the presence of other diffusely propagating waves. These PDFs are studied in the context of classical fading PDFs such as the Rayleigh, Rician, and other distributions.
From mass‐wasting to slope stabilization – putting constrains on a tectonically induced transition in slope erosion mode: a case study in the Judea Hills, Israel

Calcrete‐coated remnants of landslide debris and alluvial deposits are exposed along the presently stable hillslopes of the Soreq drainage, Judea Hills, Israel. These remnants indicate that a transition from landslide‐dominated terrain to dissolution‐controlled hillslope erosion had occurred. This transition possibly occurred due to the significant decrease in tectonic uplift during the late Cenozoic. The study area is characterized by sub‐humid Mediterranean climate. The drainage hillslopes are typically mantled by thick calcrete crusts overlying Upper Cretaceous marine carbonate rocks. Using TT‐OSL dating of aeolian quartz grains incorporated in the calcrete which cements an ancient landslide deposit, we conclude that incision of ~100 m occurred from 1056 ± 262 to 688 ± 86 ka due to ~0·3° westward tilt of the region; such incision invoked high frequency of landslide activity in the drainage. The ages of a younger landslide remnant, alluvial terrace, and alluvial fan, all situated only a few meters above the present level of the active streambed, range between 688 ± 86 ka and 244 ± 25 ka and indicate that since 688 ± 86 the Soreq base level had stabilized and that landslide activity decreased significantly by the middle Pleistocene. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Indigenous Environmental Movement in the United States

Social movement theory emphasizes the importance of resource mobilization and the strategic political processes of struggles within a society. Although it yields useful insights into the dynamics involved in a struggle, social movement theory ultimately is too narrow to grapple with all social struggles. The indigenous environmental movement breaks the mould, revealing unconsidered historical forces and variables involved in social struggles. The economic dynamics of capitalism and the history of internal colonialism must be incorporated into an account of the evolution of the indigenous environmental movement. Struggles over treaty rights and sovereignty are unique to the Native population, making their movement one of the most powerful and effective groups for protecting the environment. Although the indigenous environmental movement is connected to other environmental movements, the Native struggle remains fundamentally grounded in a challenge to the whole of society, as presently constituted, as they fight for the survival of their nations and ways of life.
Polymorphism at a mimicry supergene maintained by opposing frequency-dependent selection pressures

Significance Although biological diversity is being lost at an alarming rate, a mimetic butterfly from the Amazon reveals a selective mechanism that can lead to rich adaptive diversity. In these toxic and vividly colored butterflies, several forms are maintained within populations, accurately mimicking distinct local butterflies, and controlled by differentiated alleles of a supergene. Such diversity is not expected because selection by predators promotes the fixation of a single morph. We show that the mating behavior favors pairings of dissimilar forms and boosts allelic diversity at the mimicry supergene. Therefore, sexual selection maintains a phenotypic diversity that predators channel and refine into a diversity of warning phenotypes, which correspond to the signals used by other defended species of butterflies in the local community. Explaining the maintenance of adaptive diversity within populations is a long-standing goal in evolutionary biology, with important implications for conservation, medicine, and agriculture. Adaptation often leads to the fixation of beneficial alleles, and therefore it erodes local diversity so that understanding the coexistence of multiple adaptive phenotypes requires deciphering the ecological mechanisms that determine their respective benefits. Here, we show how antagonistic frequency-dependent selection (FDS), generated by natural and sexual selection acting on the same trait, maintains mimicry polymorphism in the toxic butterfly Heliconius numata. Positive FDS imposed by predators on mimetic signals favors the fixation of the most abundant and best-protected wing-pattern morph, thereby limiting polymorphism. However, by using mate-choice experiments, we reveal disassortative mate preferences of the different wing-pattern morphs. The resulting negative FDS on wing-pattern alleles is consistent with the excess of heterozygote genotypes at the supergene locus controlling wing-pattern variation in natural populations of H. numata. The combined effect of positive and negative FDS on visual signals is sufficient to maintain a diversity of morphs displaying accurate mimicry with other local prey, although some of the forms only provide moderate protection against predators. Our findings help understand how alternative adaptive phenotypes can be maintained within populations and emphasize the need to investigate interactions between selective pressures in other cases of puzzling adaptive polymorphism.
Morphological and morphometric analysis of the shape, position, number and size of mental foramen on human mandibles.

OBJECTIVE To provide anatomical information on the position, morphological variations and incidence of mental foramen (MF) and accessory mental foramen (AMF) as they are important for dental surgeons, anesthetists in nerve block and surgical procedures, to avoid injury to the neurovascular bundle in the mental foramen area. METHODS Our study was conducted on 150 adult dry human mandibles from the osteological collection of the Department of Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo. The location and shape of the MF and the presence of the AMF were studied by visual examination. The size and position of the MF were measured using a digital vernier caliper. SPSS, version 17 software was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Bilateral mental foramina were presented in all 150 mandibles. In the majority of mandibles, the MF was located between the first and second premolar (20.3%) or on the level of the root of the second premolar (60.3%), midway between the inferior margin and the alveolar margin of the mandible. Most of the mental foramina were oval in shape (83.3%). An AMF was present in four mandibles (2.7%) on the right side. CONCLUSION This study may be a very useful new supplement to data on variations in the incidence, position, shape and size of mental and accessory mental foramina, which may help surgeons, anaesthetists, neurosurgeons and dentists in carrying out surgical procedures successfully.
Imaging of Intracranial Hemorrhage

Intracranial hemorrhage is common and is caused by diverse pathology, including trauma, hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hemorrhagic conversion of ischemic infarction, cerebral aneurysms, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistula, vasculitis, and venous sinus thrombosis, among other causes. Neuroimaging is essential for the treating physician to identify the cause of hemorrhage and to understand the location and severity of hemorrhage, the risk of impending cerebral injury, and to guide often emergent patient treatment. We review CT and MRI evaluation of intracranial hemorrhage with the goal of providing a broad overview of the diverse causes and varied appearances of intracranial hemorrhage.
Relationships between diurnal adrenocortical activity, children’s attachment security and mothers’ attachment representations

This study investigated the relationship between diurnal adrenocortical activity and attachment quality (children’s secure base behaviours and mothers’ attachment representations). Forty-two children ranging in age from 18 to 26 months of age and their mothers participated in this study. Children and mothers’ saliva samples were collected on two consecutive days (Saturday and Sunday), three times per day: awakening; 20m after awakening; bedtime. No significant relationships were found involving mothers’ attachment representations. However, significant negative correlations between children and mothers’ bedtime cortisol levels and children’s attachment security were found.
Suitability analysis based on multi-feature fusion visual saliency model in vision navigation

Matching-area suitability analysis in vision navigation system for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a very worthy but full of challenges research area. In this paper, a multi-feature fusion based visual saliency model (MFF-VSM) was established by introducing invariant features of speeded-up robust features (SURF) directly into the visual saliency model, based on which the extraction method of suitable matching-areas was proposed. With the integration of cross-scale SURF feature maps in the way we defined, the conspicuity map of SURF channel is obtained. By adding SURF channel into the traditional visual saliency model and fusing multi-feature of SURF, color, intensity and orientation, the MFF-VSM model is proposed. Based on the MFF-VSM, salient locations in sensed map could be obtained and chosen as suitable matching-areas. Simulation results show that the error of image registration with extracted matching-areas based on MFF-VSM meet the demands of vision navigation system. The proposed method may provide new ideas for autonomous navigation of UAV in the future.
Amniotic membrane covering for facial nerve repair☆

Amniotic membranes have been widely used in ophthalmology and skin injury repair because of their anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we measured therapeutic efficacy and determined if amniotic membranes could be used for facial nerve repair. The facial nerves of eight rats were dissected and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Amniotic membranes were covered on the anastomosis sites in four rats. Electromyography results showed that, at the end of the 3rd and 8th weeks after amniotic membrane covering, the latency values of the facial nerves covered by amniotic membranes were significantly shortened and the amplitude values were significantly increased. Compared with simple facial nerve anastomosis, after histopathological examination, facial nerve anastomosed with amniotic membrane showed better continuity, milder inflammatory reactions, and more satisfactory nerve conduction. These findings suggest that amniotic membrane covering has great potential in facial nerve repair.
Toward Natural Human-Robot Interaction : Exploring Facial Expression Synthesis on an Android Robot

Robots are entering domestic environments in increasing number. However, the present means for interacting with them is quite limited and difficult for people who are not technically inclined or able-bodied. Thus, many in the field of robotics are moving toward natural human robot interaction, which means allowing people the ability to communicate with robots in ways similar to how they communicate with other people, i.e., via verbal and nonverbal channels. My work focuses on a part of this problem: how to accurately model and synthesize natural human facial expressions on a realistic, human-like robot head. The main goal of this research is to see if by providing such expressions on a robot lead to people feeling more at ease while interacting with it, and thus be more likely to accept such technology in domestic settings.
The Use of Momentary Time Sampling and Partial Interval Recording in Behavioural Research

The inherent properties of momentary time sampling (MTS) and partial interval recording (PIR) are examined. Findings derived from computer simulation investigations are discussed in terms of the mode of operation of the two time-sampling techniques. It is seen that the advantage of MTS is that it can, under certain restricted circumstances, estimate absolute duration of behaviour occurring. The important disadvantage of MTS is that it is relatively insensitive when estimating degree of change of behaviour. In contrast, although PIR cannot accurately measure absolute duration it is more sensitive to behaviour change than is MTS. It is concluded that the practitioner who wishes to use one of these methods of time sampling must carefully consider the aims and possible effects of the investigation before deciding which method to use.
Reliability of wireless mesh networks with directional antennas

The paper is devoted to modeling and optimization of reliable wireless mesh networks that employ directional antennas. We introduce two mixed-integer programming formulations that allow to simultaneously characterize routing patterns and transmission schedules. The first model allows for maximizing the minimal flow in a network. The second model involves reliability constraints and aims at minimizing the number of used directional antennas. In both cases locations of mesh routers are known. However, the number of installed radio interfaces and their directions are subject to optimization. We discuss a way of solving a cost minimization problem based on the introduced characterization, and present an extensive numerical study that illustrates the efficiency of the solution algorithm.
Prevalence of dementia in the older Japanese‐Brazilian population

Abstract The prevalence of dementing disorders in Campo Grande of a community of Japanese‐Brazilians who immigrated from Okinawa was studied. Previous reports showed that the dietary pattern in Japanese immigrants in Brazil, which characterized by a low fish and large meat intake, is possibly responsible for increased risk of cardiovascular diseases compared with Japanese in Okinawa. A total of 157 persons over 70‐year‐old were examined, and 19 cases were diagnosed as having dementia. The prevalence (cases/100 aged 70‐year‐older) was 12.1 for all types of dementia, 5.7 for Alzheimer's disease (AD), 0.6 for vascular dementia (VD), 4.5 for mixed dementia (AD/VD) and 1.3 for other types of dementia. There was no case of dementia with Lewy bodies or frontotemporal lobar degeneration. These results are similar to many previous studies in Western countries and some recent surveys in Japan, and clearly show that more AD than VD appears even in the Japanese‐Brazilian population. The higher prevalence rate of dementia in Japanese‐Brazilians compared with several studies in Japan may indicate the importance of dietary factors rather than genetic factors.
Offspring of normal and diabetic rats fed saturated fat in pregnancy demonstrate vascular dysfunction.

BACKGROUND Disturbances of the in utero environment may "program" for disease in later life. In this study, we determined whether dietary fat supplementation and/or diabetes in pregnancy can adversely affect vascular function in the offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a breeding diet or a diet high in saturated fat (30% wt/wt) for 10 days before mating, throughout pregnancy, and postpartum. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was blunted in isolated femoral arteries of 15-day-old weanling pups from dams fed the 30%-fat diet. Endothelial dysfunction and enhanced constrictor responses to norepinephrine were also observed in an additional study of 60-day-old offspring of dams fed 20% saturated fat. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were also fed saturated fat during pregnancy. Femoral arteries from their 15-day-old offspring showed impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation and enhanced constrictor responses to norepinephrine and the thromboxane mimetic U46619 compared with young offspring of high-fat-fed normal dams. The 30%-fat diet was also deleterious to vascular function in the maternal diabetic animals when assessed in mesenteric arteries 16 days postpartum. CONCLUSIONS A high-fat diet in pregnancy led to vascular dysfunction in rat weanlings and young adult offspring. Vascular function further deteriorated in weanlings if the maternal rat was diabetic.
The Structural Differentiation of Developing Educational Systems: A Latin American Comparison

Guttman scalogram analysis is used to develop measures of a theoretically important dimension of educational systems, structural differentiation. Scales of this dimension are presented for the Latin American nations and for a set of forty-nine developing nations for 1960. In addition, separate scales of four subsystems-secondary education, higher education, special education, and rural or agricultural education-are developed for the Latin American nations. Comparison of the subscales with the main scale for Latin America leads to a suggested new meaning for the concept of unidimensionality as applied to the measurement of social objects. It is suggested that the approach used, adapting currently available analytic tools to develop cross-national measures of theoretically important system dimensions, is an essential first step toward developing cross-nationally applicable theory concerning educational systems.
The replicability of the Big Five personality dimensions in three word‐classes of the Dutch language

Of the main classes of personality-descriptive words, verbs, adjectives, and nouns, the class of adjectives has figured as the constant and almost exclusive resource for taxonomic enterprises. In the Dutch language, Brokken (1978) was the first to structure the personality-descriptive adjectives on a large-scale basis. The aim of that particular study was not to test the existence of the Big Five in the Dutch language. Of the six Brokken factors, only two or three showed a clear correspondence to the Big Five. Recently, De Raad, Mulder, Kloosterman and Hofstee (1988) and De Raad and Hoskens (1990) taxonomized the personality-descriptive verbs and the personality-descriptive nouns. In the present study, the self-ratings on adjectives (N = 200), nouns (N = 200), and verbs (N = 200) from the latter two studies are used to test the Big Five model in the three classes of personality terms. The model fits well with the adjective domain, although the result deviates from the English structure in order of factors and in emphasis of interpretation. To a certain extent, the model can be said to capture the noun domain as well. Four of the Big Five factors can be identified more or less easily, and the fifth may be discernible as well. The verb structure, however, is quite different in that it shows only two dimensions which seem to be more comprising in meaning than both the adjective factors and the noun factors.
Bilingual Lexicon Extraction from Comparable Corpora as Metasearch

In this article we present a novel way of looking at the problem of automatic acquisition of pairs of translationally equivalent words from comparable corpora. We first present the standard and extended approaches traditionally dedicated to this task. We then reinterpret the extended method, and motivate a novel model to reformulate this approach inspired by the metasearch engines in information retrieval. The empirical results show that performances of our model are always better than the baseline obtained with the extended approach and also competitive with the standard approach.
Innovations and Organizations

This article presents an overview of research on innovations and organizations in order to suggest future research directions. Within recent years a considerable amount of research has been conducted on the topic of innovation in organizations. We are critical of past research on innovation in organizations, and call for a focus on process research in future investigations of this topic. We call for moving from a stage-by-stage conception of the innovation process to a dynamic, continuous conception in which the variables involved in innovation are sequenced and analyzed through time.