Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-hop Transmission Opportunity in Wireless Multihop Networks

Wireless multihop communication is becoming more important due to the increasing popularity of wireless sensor networks, wireless mesh networks, and mobile social networks. They are distinguished from conventional multihop networks in terms of scale, traffic intensity and/or node density. Being readilyavailable in most of 802.11 radios, multirate facility appears to be useful to address some of these issues and is particularly helpful in high-density scenarios where inter-node distance is short, demanding a prudent multirate adaptation algorithm. However, communication at high bit rates mandates a large number of hops for a given node pair and thus, can easily be depreciated as per-hop overhead at several layers of network protocol is aggregated over the increased number of hops. This paper presents a novel multihop, multirate adaptation mechanism, called Multihop Transmission OPportunity (MTOP), that allows a frame to be forwarded a number of hops consecutively but reduces the MAC-layer overhead between hops. This seemingly collision-prone multihop forwarding is proven to be safe via analysis and USRP/GNU Radio-based experiment. The idea of MTOP is in clear contrast to, but not mutually exclusive with, the conventional opportunistic transmission mechanism, referred to as TXOP, where a node transmits multiple frames back-to-back when it gets an opportunity. We conducted an extensive simulation study via ns-2, demonstrating the performance advantage of MTOP under a wide range of network scenarios.
Proteomes of Animal Oocytes: What Can We Learn for Human Oocytes in the In Vitro Fertilization Programme?

Oocytes are crucial cells for mammalian reproduction, yet the molecular principles underlying oocyte development are only partially understood. Therefore, contemporary proteomic approaches have been used increasingly to provide new insights into oocyte quality and maturation in various species such as mouse, pig, and cow. Especially, animal studies have helped in elucidating the molecular status of oocytes during in vitro maturation and other procedures of assisted reproduction. The aim of this review is to summarize the literature on mammalian oocyte proteome and secretome research in the light of natural and assisted reproduction and on lessons to be learned for human oocytes, which have so far remained inaccessible for proteome analysis.
Analysis of Various Puncturing Patterns and Code Rates : Turbo Code

Puncturing is the process of deleting some parity bits from the codeword according to a puncturing matrix. Puncturing is the tradeoff between rate and performance. Puncturing increases code rate without increasing complexity for code rate from 1/3 to 1⁄2 or more and decreases free distance of code. The redundant bits in coding decrease the bandwidth efficiency. The bandwidth efficiency decreases with increase in redundant bits in coding. the puncturing pattern adjust code rate To achieve system requirement, the puncturing pattern adjust code rate. The performance of punctured turbo code is worse than without puncturing turbo code but coding scheme improve bandwidth efficiency. The design principles of puncturing for turbo code are based on the minimization of puncturing of systematic bits and to provide puncturing of parity bits of the two encoders. Performance level varies with different puncturing pattern. since different punctured location affect different performance at the receiver. The puncturing patterns are analyzed to compare their performances. When the bit in codeword has high weight, avoid puncturing of systematic bit sequence since it has high weight but puncturing preference is given to bits having lower weight . In high rate system selection of good pattern plays very important role. Coding on different number of punctured bit has been suggested. Uniformly distributed puncturing pattern perform better than puncturing non-uniformly distributed pattern.
Tracking the signal, cracking the code: speech and speech comprehension in non-invasive human electrophysiology

ABSTRACT Magneto- and electroencephalographic (M/EEG) signals recorded from the human scalp have allowed for substantial advances for neural models of speech comprehension over the past decades. These methods are currently advancing rapidly and continue to offer unparalleled insight in the near-to-real-time neural dynamics of speech processing. We provide a historically informed overview over dependent measures in the time and frequency domain and highlight recent advances resulting from these measures. We discuss the notorious challenges (and solutions) speech and language researchers are faced with when studying auditory brain responses in M/EEG. We argue that a key to understanding the neural basis of speech comprehension will lie in studying interactions between the neural tracking of speech and the functional neural network dynamics. This article is intended for both, non-experts who want to learn how to use M/EEG to study speech comprehension and scholars aiming for an overview of state-of-the-art M/EEG analysis methods.
When IoT Keeps People in the Loop: A Path Towards a New Global Utility

While the IoT has made significant progress supporting individual machine-type applications, it is only recently that the importance of people as an integral component of the overall IoT infrastructure has started to be fully recognized. Several powerful concepts have emerged to facilitate this vision, whether involving the human context whenever required or directly impacting user behavior and decisions. As these become the stepping stones to develop the IoT into a novel people-centric utility, this article outlines a path to realize this decisive transformation. We begin by reviewing the latest progress in human-aware wireless networking, then classify the attractive human-machine applications and summarize the enabling IoT radio technologies. We continue with a unique system-level performance characterization of a representative urban IoT scenario and quantify the benefits of keeping people in the loop on various levels. Our comprehensive numerical results confirm the significant gains that have been made available with tighter user involvement, and also corroborate the development of efficient incentivization mechanisms, thereby opening the door to future commoditization of the global people-centric IoT utility.
Experimenting with neutrosophic ontologies for medical data classification

Ontology helps us to think about the real world with its semantic constraints. But there exist different uncertainties and ambiguities that cannot be considered using traditional ontologies. This paper mainly deals with classification using fuzzy ontology and Neutrosophic ontology. Classification based on Neutrosophic ontology incorporates Neutrosophic logic for its working and is compared with classification based on fuzzy ontology on appendicitis dataset from Knowledge extraction based on evolutionary learning.
Zirconium Phosphate and Phosphonate Nanoparticles for Phosphate Removal from Water : An Aquarium Life Support System Application

In aquatic environments, phosphorus is known as the “limiting nutrient. ” It combines with nitrogen and photosynthetic processes to produce plant and algal growth. Phosphorus in marine life support systems exists in either a particulate or dissolved phase. While particulate sources may be removed during filtration or fractionation, the dissolved form persists. In a typical marine environment (pH 8), dissolved phosphorus is almost all hydrogen phosphate ion (HOPO3), also known as inorganic or orthophosphate. Here we report the synthesis and use of zirconium phosphate ( -ZrP, Zr(O3POH)2·H2O) and zirconium methylenediphosphonate (ZrMDP, Zr[O3P(CH2)PO3]) nanoparticles for phosphate removal from water. Sodium phosphate solutions (0.5-10.0 mg/L) are exposed to nanoparticle suspensions (10 mg/mL) and phosphate uptake is measured by ion chromatography. In all cases, high phosphate removal is observed. For example, the 5.00 mg/L sodium phosphate solution experiences 99.9% removal after exposure to -ZrP. After treatment phosphate concentration drops to 0.005 mg/L! This is well below the algal growth threshold (0.01-0.05 mg/L). Future work will explore the particles’ phosphate removal capacity, their regeneration, and the ability to engineer a robust filtration media where the particles are anchored to a silica (sand) surface. Introduction Phosphates are common in nature. They exist as the polar hydrophilic head groups in the phospholipid bilayers of cell walls and in micelles. They are also prevalent in nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), and in the cell’s “energy molecule” adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Phosphate minerals in rock like calcium hydroxyphosphate and calcium fluorophosphate are also natural sources. Phosphorus is dissolved in water primarily as the phosphate ion (PO4). Natural or background concentrations of phosphate in water, also known as inorganic or orthophosphate, are in the range 0.005-0.05 mg/L. Periodic algal blooms may be observed at phosphate concentrations between 0.08-0.10 mg/L. Long term eutrophication can be avoided when phosphate levels are kept below 0.5-0.05 mg/L (Dunne and Leopold, 1978). In marine systems, phosphorus is the
On global conservation laws at null infinity

In this paper the standard values for total energy, linear momentum and also angular momentum of asymptotically flat Bondi metrics at null infinity are obtained from differential conservation laws on asymptotically flat backgrounds, derived from a quadratic Lagrangian density by methods currently used in classical field theory. It is thus a matter of taste and commodity whether to use a reference spacetime in defining these globally conserved quantities. Backgrounds lead to N ther conserved currents; the use of backgrounds is in line with classical views on conservation laws. Moreover, the conserved quantities are explicitly related to the sources of gravity through Einstein's equations. The relations depend, however, on a rule for mapping spacetimes onto backgrounds.
Consumer Surplus with Apology: A Historical Perspective on Non-Market Valuation and Recreation Demand

When economists first turned to applied benefit-cost analysis in the 1930s and 1940s, prices were the only widely accepted measure of benefits. Perhaps surprisingly, economists did not consider measures like consumer surplus, which seemed quite foreign. Consequently, when they turned to nonmarket valuation for goods like outdoor recreation, their constructed demand curves seemed less informative than a simple equilibrium price. As they struggled with how to make use of such information, natural resource economists set important precedents for the larger profession in coming to consumer surplus as a new measure of benefits. By creating important precedents and learning through practice, they shaped the discipline as much as they were shaped by received theory. At the same time, by coming to these notions in the context of political debates, they were also shaped by the norms of the state.
Real-time surface meshing through HRBF networks

A procedure for real-time 3D meshing reconstruction from sparse data is presented. The approach is based on hierarchical radial basis functions networks, which allow for an effective reconstruction of multi-scale surfaces. This model is extended to provide not only the continuous surface description, but also real-time operation. To this purpose, the HRBF network differential properties have been exploited to produce a denser mesh in regions where geometry is more detailed.
Hypoxia-based strategies for angiogenic induction

Therapeutic angiogenesis promises to aid the healing and regeneration of tissues suffering from a compromised vascular supply. Ischaemia therapy has so far primarily focused on delivering isolated angiogenic growth factors. The limited success of these strategies in clinical trials, however, is increasingly forcing researchers to recognize the difficulties associated with trying to mimic the angiogenic process, due to its natural complexity. Instead, a new school of thought is gradually emerging, focusing on how to induce angiogenesis at its onset, by utilizing hypoxia, the primary angiogenic stimulus in physiological, as well pathological states. This shift in therapeutic approach is underlined by the realization of the importance of depressed HIF-1 α-mediated gene programming in non-healing ischemic tissues, which could explain their apparent habituation to chronic hypoxic stress and the limited capacity to generate adaptive angiogenesis. Hypoxia-based strategies, then effectively aim to override the habituated angiogenic cellular response, re-start the regenerative process and drive it to completion. Here we make a distinction between those strategies that utilize hypoxia in vitro as a preconditioning tool to optimize the angiogenic potential of tissue/cells before transplantation, vs. strategies that aim to induce hypoxia-induced signaling in vivo, directly, through pharmacological means or gene transfer. We then discuss possible future directions for the field, as it moves into the phase of clinical trials.
A 60-mW 200-MHz continuous-time seventh-order linear phase filter with on-chip automatic tuning system

A full CMOS seventh-order linear phase filter based on g/sub m/-C biquads with a -3-dB frequency of 200 MHz is realized in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The linear operational transconductance amplifier is based on complementary differential pairs in order to achieve both low-distortion figures and high-frequency operation. The common-mode feedback (CMFB) employed takes advantage of the filter architecture; incorporating the load capacitors into the CMFB loop improves further its phase margin. A very simple automatic tuning system corrects the filter deviations due to process parameter tolerances and temperature variations. The group delay ripple is less than 5% for frequencies up to 300 MHz, while the power consumption is 60 mW. The third-harmonic distortion is less than -44 dB for input signals up to 500 mV/sub pp/. The filter active area is only 900 /spl times/ 200 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The supply voltages used are /spl plusmn/1.5 V.
A Distributed Systems Approach to Airborne Self-Separation

Air Traffic Management (ATM) is concerned with the management of air traffic flow in a safe and efficient manner. In its current form, ATM is based on rigid off-line flight planning and ground-based air traffic controllers (ATCOs). The airspace is divided into sectors, and each sector is assigned an ATCO team, which becomes its central authority. The ACTOs are responsible for maintaining horizontal and vertical separation among aircraft, while ensuring an orderly and expeditious air traffic flow. This task is performed by issuing directions to aircraft and by providing flight context information to pilots, such as routes to waypoints and weather conditions. The current controller-based approach to ATM relies heavily on controllers’ skills, with little or no autonomy for pilots and companies. Moreover, it does not scale up to cope with the increasing volume of future air traffic, which is expected to grow at a rate of 5 to 6 percent per year (Eurocontrol, 1999). ABSTRACT
Character recognition using statistical parameters

Object recognition is an important task in many image processing and pattern recognition applications. Character recognition is one of the most successful applications of automatic pattern recognition techniques and essentially involves identification and classification of two dimensional (2D) signal structures. The ability to identify machine printed characters in an automated or a semi-automated manner has practical significance and different techniques are applied to get the desired recognition results. The process of character recognition involves several steps including pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. Preprocessing includes the removal of noise from the image, convert into binary image and then segment into individual character. After segmentation, each character is resized according to its aspect ratio and then boundary of the character is extracted. Feature extraction is done by applying central moment invariant technique to extract the relevant features. Classification is performed by minimum distance classifier in a 9-dimension Euclidian feature space.
Resource-Optimal Planning For An Autonomous Planetary Vehicle

Autonomous planetary vehicles, also known as rovers, are small autonomous vehicles equipped with a variety of sensors used to perform exploration and experiments on a planet's surface. Rovers work in a partially unknown environment, with narrow energy/time/movement constraints and, typically, small computational resources that limit the complexity of on-line planning and scheduling, thus they represent a great challenge in the field of autonomous vehicles. Indeed, formal models for such vehicles usually involve hybrid systems with nonlinear dynamics, which are difficult to handle by most of the current planning algorithms and tools. Therefore, when offline planning of the vehicle activities is required, for example for rovers that operate without a continuous Earth supervision, such planning is often performed on simplified models that are not completely realistic. In this paper we show how the UPMurphi model checking based planning tool can be used to generate resource-optimal plans to control the engine of an autonomous planetary vehicle, working directly on its hybrid model and taking into account several safety constraints, thus achieving very accurate results.
Technological Disequilibrium : Measuring Technological Change in Local Area Networks Equipment ( MAY

Technological change can affect existing products very rapidly and at an uneven pace depending on the type and on the age of an industry. In young and fast growing industries, the process of technological change usually entails a series of improvements in existing products that affect their technological characteristics. Depending on the type and timing of innovation, prices may reflect or not the technological change to their characteristics. This paper is an attempt to address the issue of the relationships between technological improvements in characteristics and the extent of creation of economic benefits following from these improvements in the specific case of hub equipment for Local Area Networks (LANs). It pursues this aim by using a constant-quality price index constructed from hedonic price regressions. This paper argues that it may be that economic benefits from technological improvements entailing an extension in the characteristics of hub equipment may not be captured by an overall constant-quality price index. Although the issue of identification of a better methodology to assess the extent of economic benefits is not explicitly addressed in this paper, some related questions are addressed, for instance: What is the extent of the economic benefits from technological improvement that can be captured with the use of a constant-quality price indexes? Have these economic benefits from technological improvements been equally distributed across each characteristic? Has the rate of growth of economic benefits occurred evenly over time? JEL Classification: O30, L63
Allendeite and Hexamolybdenum: Two New Ultra-Refractory Minerals in Allende and Two Missing Links

During our nano-mineralogy investigation of the Allende meteorite, we discovered two new minerals that occur as micro- to nano-crystals in refractory inclusions: Allendeite, Sc_4Zr_3O_(12), a new Scand Zr-rich oxide; and hexamolybdenum, (Mo,Ru,Fe), a Mo-dominant alloy. Allendeite, which may be an important ultra-refractory carrier linking Zr-, Sc- oxides and the more common Sc-, Zr-enriched clinopyroxenes (Cpx) in CAIs, hosts perovskite (Pv), spinel (Sp), Os-Ir-W-Mo alloys, and hexamolybdenum. The observation of two structurally and chemically distinct highly refractory, low-Pt alloy minerals not associated with Fe-Ni alloys provides the first direct physical evidence for at least two separate carriers of the highly refractory metals in CAIs. Hexamolybdenum links Osrich and Pt-rich meteoritic alloys and may be a precursor of the latter. Both new minerals have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA 2007-027, 029).
20 Gb/s referenceless quarter-rate PLL-based clock data recovery circuit in 130 nm CMOS technology

This paper describes the design and transistor level simulation of a novel architecture of PLL-based clock and data recovery (PLL-CDR) circuit. The proposed PLL-CDR is a referenceless quarter-rate design that receives data at 20 Gb/s rate whereas its internal circuits work at 5 GHz frequency rate. This proposed architecture utilizes a quarter-rate early-late type phase detector (ELPD), a quarter-rate digital quadricorrelator frequency detector (DQFD) and a quarter-rate ring type voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The simulation results at 20 Gb/s data rate show that the quarter-rate PLL-based CDR is a functional concept. The suggested chip design is realized in UMC 130 nm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 920μm x 315μm. The circuit’s power dissipation excluding the output buffers is about 97 mW at a supply voltage of 1.2V according to the transistor level simulation results.
Full-Space Scanning Periodic Phase-Reversal Leaky-Wave Antenna

A novel full-space scanning periodic phase-reversal leaky-wave antenna array is proposed, designed in offset parallel stripline technology, and demonstrated experimentally. This antenna radiates from its small phase-reversing cross-overs, which leads to a small leakage factor and subsequently a large directivity. The operation principle of the antenna is explained from the Brillouin diagram, which shows how single-beam scanning, using the m = -1 space harmonic, is achieved as a result of the π lateral shift of the dispersion curves due to phase reversal. One of the benefits of phase reversal is to permit this radiation performance with relatively small permittivity substrates (εe,min = 4 compared to εe,min = 9 for antennas without phase reversal). An unitcell matching technique is applied to avoid reflections, and thereby prevent the presence of an open stopband so as to permit continuous space scanning with efficient broadside radiation. An efficient array synthesis procedure, based on a transmission line modeling of the structure, is utilized for the design of the antenna following specifications in terms of frequency, scanning, directivity, radiation efficiency, and sidelobe level. A uniform-aperture antenna prototype, including a balun-transformer input transition, is presented, featuring experimental beamwidth and gain at the broadside frequency (25 GHz) of 4° and 15.7 dBi, respectively.
A shortest path approach to wireframe to solid model conversion

A new topological algorithm is presented that generates all the faces of a genus O, 3-connected wireframe in 0( nz2) time, where m is the number of edges of the wireframe. It is based on an eftlcient shortest path rdgorithm for cycle generation. The completely general wireframe to solid model conversion problem is also shown to be combinatorially equivalent to the graph genus problem which is known to be computationally intractable. The new algorithm is conceptually simpler than previous embedding and other topological algorithms for resolving the faces of wireframes with a unique embedding (genus O, 3 connected only). It also holds promise as an efficient cycle generator for input to more generat algorithms. For example, for 3-connected genus 1 objects (both manifold and non-manifold) it successfully generated all the facial cycles as a subset.