Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commodification and the construction of mainstream Australian economic historiography

Although Australian economic historians frequently talk about commodities, few stop to question what commodities are, where they come from or why they exist. Left, right and centre the commodity exists within Australian economic historiography as though it is a ‘common sense’, neutral backdrop to the main economic action – growth, expansion, progress and Depression on centre stage. It seems that because the commodity is of such defining centrality to capitalist society and recalling Marx’s view of the commodity as capitalism’s ‘economic cell-form’ most Australian economic historiography has taken this centrality as its own explanation and justification (Marx, 1976:90).
Understanding and Managing Public Organizations

"Understanding and Managing Public Organizations is the best single source book available for the topics it addresses. I assign it to my Human Resources Management and Organization Theory seminars and I ensure that all of my doctoral students read it for comprehensive exams. "--Patricia W. Ingraham, professor, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse UniversityThis new edition of Hal G. Rainey's award-winning book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of research on public organizations and management. Includes new tables, figures, and other teaching tools designed specifically to make this book even more useful in graduate courses. Using numerous real-life vignettes and examples, the book summarizes expert analysis on goals, power, effectiveness, motivation and work attitudes, decision making, and more. Drawing on a comprehensive review of current research about government organizations and managers--and about effective and ineffective practices in government--it offers specific suggestions for managing these challenges in today's public organizations.Updated to include coverage of recent trAnds and developoments such as total quality management, the National Performance Review, the reinventing government movement and other recent reform efforts, privatization, and managing for excellence. In addition, Rainey draws from major national surveys to reveal important new development in areas such as public service motivation and the structure of public agencies. Now an even more valuable reference for students, scholars, and managers alike.
Mapping of Networks to Detect Priority Zoonoses in Jordan

Early detection of emerging disease events is a priority focus area for cooperative bioengagement programs. Communication and coordination among national disease surveillance and response networks are essential for timely detection and control of a public health event. Although systematic information sharing between the human and animal health sectors can help stakeholders detect and respond to zoonotic diseases rapidly, resource constraints, and other barriers often prevent efficient cross-sector reporting. The purpose of this research project was to map the laboratory and surveillance networks currently in place for detecting and reporting priority zoonotic diseases in Jordan in order to identify the nodes of communication, coordination, and decision-making where health and veterinary sectors intersect, and to identify priorities and gaps that limit information sharing for action. We selected three zoonotic diseases as case studies: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, rabies, and brucellosis. Through meetings with government agencies and health officials, and desk research, we mapped each system from the index case through response – including both surveillance and laboratory networks, highlighting both areas of strength and those that would benefit from capacity-building resources. Our major findings indicate informal communication exists across sectors; in the event of emergence of one of the priority zoonoses studied, there is effective coordination across the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture. However, routine formal coordination is lacking. Overall, there is a strong desire and commitment for multi-sectoral coordination in detection and response to zoonoses across public health and veterinary sectors. Our analysis indicates that the networks developed in response to HPAI can and should be leveraged to develop a comprehensive laboratory and surveillance One Health network.
Stereopsis is adaptive for the natural environment

The visual system allocates its limited computational resources for stereoscopic vision in a manner that exploits regularities in the binocular input from the natural environment. Humans and many animals have forward-facing eyes providing different views of the environment. Precise depth estimates can be derived from the resulting binocular disparities, but determining which parts of the two retinal images correspond to one another is computationally challenging. To aid the computation, the visual system focuses the search on a small range of disparities. We asked whether the disparities encountered in the natural environment match that range. We did this by simultaneously measuring binocular eye position and three-dimensional scene geometry during natural tasks. The natural distribution of disparities is indeed matched to the smaller range of correspondence search. Furthermore, the distribution explains the perception of some ambiguous stereograms. Finally, disparity preferences of macaque cortical neurons are consistent with the natural distribution.
Panic and suicidal ideation in primary care

The objective of this article is to examine the relationship between panic attacks, panic disorder, and suicidal ideation among primary care patients. A probability sample of 1,007 primary care attenders from a large urban university practice was assessed for current mental disorders and suicidal ideation (past 2 week prevalence) with the PRIME‐MD Patient Health Questionnaire. Controlling for major depression, substance use disorders, and sociodemographic variables simultaneously, patients with either panic attacks or panic disorder had significantly increased risks of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was highly associated with major depression and comorbid panic disorder (OR = 15.4) or panic attacks (OR = 7.9). There is need for detection and possible treatment of patients with panic attacks or disorder in primary care, especially among those with co‐occurring major depression. Depression and Anxiety 14:244–246, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High-Level Synthesis: Status, Trends, and Future Directions

The availability of increasing computational power in system-on-chips (SoCs) continues to drive the development of new and ever more complex applications. Hardware implementations of digital signal processing algorithms enable faster, lower power and less costly wireless, wired or optical fiber communication. It also enables the higher data compression, processing and analysis of image and video. The internet of things (IoT) is expected to further drive the development of sensors, data processing on those sensors, their interconnectivity within themselves and with data processing centers.
Hypercontractivity Via the Entropy Method

The Hypercontractive Inequality of Bonami (1968, 1970) and Gross (1975) is equivalent to the following statement: for every q > 2 and every function f : {−1,1}n→ R of Fourier degree at most m, ‖ f‖q ≤ (q−1)m/2‖ f‖2 . The original proof of this inequality is analytical. Friedgut and Rodl (2001) gave an alternative proof of the slightly weaker Hypercontractive Inequality ‖ f‖4 ≤ 28m/4‖ f‖2 by combining tools from information theory and combinatorics. Specifically, they recast the problem as a statement about multi-hypergraphs, generalized Shearer’s lemma, and used probabilistic arguments to obtain the inequality. We show that Shearer’s Lemma and elementary arguments about the entropy of random variables are sufficient to recover the optimal Hypercontractive Inequality for all even integers q. ACM Classification: G.2, G.3, F.1. 3 AMS Classification: 68Q87
Metal-poor Globular Clusters and the Formation of Their Host Galaxies

We have determined the total numbers and specific frequencies of blue, metal-poor globular clusters (GCs) in eight spiral and early-type galaxies. These data, along with five measurements from the literature, show a trend of increasing blue GC specific frequency with increasing mass of the host galaxy. The increase is not accounted for in a simple galaxy formation model in which elliptical galaxies and their GC systems are formed by the merger of typical spiral galaxies. The data appear broadly consistent with hierarchical formation scenarios in which metal-poor GCs are formed over a finite period in the early universe during the initial stages of galaxy assembly. In this picture, the observed trend is related to biasing, in the sense that the more massive galaxies of today began assembling earlier and therefore formed relatively more GCs during this early epoch of metal-poor GC formation. We discuss how comparisons of the observed specific frequency of metal-poor GCs with model calculations can constrain the formation redshift of these objects.
Redundancy: Helping Semantic Disambiguation

Redundancy is a good thing, at least in a learning process. To be a good teacher you must say what you are going to say, say it, then say what you have just said. Well, three times is better than one. To acquire and learn knowledge from text for building a lexical knowledge base, we need to find a source of information that states facts, and repeats them a few times using slightly different sentence structures. A technique is needed for gathering information from that source and identify the redundant information. The extraction of the commonality is an active learning of the knowledge expressed. The proposed research is based on a clustering method developed by Barriere and Popowich (1996) which performs a gathering of related information about a particular topic. Individual pieces of information are represented via the Conceptual Graph (CG) formalism and the result of the clustering is a large CG embedding all individual graphs. In the present paper, we suggest that the identification of the redundant information within the resulting graph is very useful for disambiguation of the original information at the semantic level.
Dziecięca agresja a umiejętność mentalizowania

Zachowania agresywne występujące u dzieci i młodzieży w rozmaity sposób łącza się z rozwojem złożonych kompetencji, zarówno społecznych, jak i poznawczych. Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi próbę analizy związków zachodzących między agresją a rozwojem procesu mentalizacji, który jest jednym z istotnych aspektów szeroko rozumianego poznania społecznego. Pojęcie mentalizacji jest wieloaspektowym konstruktem zbliżonym, choć szerszym znaczeniowo, aniżeli teoria umysłu. Rozwój procesu mentalizacji i kształtowanie teorii umysłu, jako jej poznawczego aspektu, wydają się pozostawać w odmiennych relacjach do zachowań agresywnych w zależności od podstawowej funkcji teleologicznej, jaką pełni zachowanie agresywne w funkcjonowaniu jednostki. W związku z nową reformą systemu edukacji, która obniża wiek realizacji obowiązku szkolnego, na podstawie współczesnych wyników badań poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy fakt ten może mieć wpływ na wzrost zachowań agresywnych u uczniów na pierwszym etapie kształcenia.
Patterns of emergency department use for medical conditions among persons with serious mental illness.

OBJECTIVE This study examined predictors of medical emergency department use among veterans with serious mental illness. METHODS Participants were 118 psychiatrically hospitalized veterans with a serious mental illness who were identified as at risk for treatment dropout. Participants completed an interview and had their charts reviewed as part of a larger study. RESULTS Nearly half of participants had at least one medical emergency visit, and 20% had two or more visits in the six months after hospital discharge. Outpatient service utilization of both general medical treatment and mental health-substance abuse treatment, as well as psychiatric symptoms, anxiety, and lower levels of satisfaction with current living situation, were associated with increased medical emergency department use. CONCLUSIONS Medical emergency department use was relatively common in this population of veterans with serious mental illness. Mental health and general medical health needs should be addressed in an integrated fashion to reduce the use of the emergency department.
The Type I Hsp40 Zinc Finger-like Region Is Required for Hsp70 to Capture Non-native Polypeptides from Ydj1*

The cytosolic yeast Hsp40 Ydj1 contains a conserved zinc finger-like region (ZFLR), which has two zinc-binding domains (ZBD), that helps regulate and specify Hsp70 function. To investigate the mechanism for Ydj1 ZFLR action, ZBDI and ZBDII mutants were constructed and characterized. ZBDII mutants exhibited temperature-sensitive growth defects, but yeast tolerated mutation of ZBDI. However, ZBDI and ZBDII mutants were defective at facilitating androgen receptor (AR) folding. Defective AR folding was associated with the accumulation of complexes between AR and Ydj1 ZFLR mutants and a reduction in Hsp70·AR complex formation. Purified Ydj1 ZBDI and ZBDII mutants could bind non-native polypeptides but could not deliver luciferase to Hsp70 and were defective at luciferase refolding. Interestingly, the ability of Ydj1 to synergize with Hsp70 to suppress thermally induced protein aggregation was blocked by mutation of ZBDII, but not ZBDI. Hence, ZBDII is required for yeast to survive heat stress because it is essential for Ydj1 to cooperate with Hsp70 to suppress protein aggregation. On the other hand, protein folding is dependent upon the action of both ZBDI and ZBDII because each is required for Hsp70 to capture non-native polypeptides from Ydj1.
Analyzing driver-pedestrian interaction at crosswalks: A contribution to autonomous driving in urban environments

In urban environments traffic safety is primarily determined by the successful interaction between road users. In order to define behavioral requirements for future autonomous vehicles, an understanding of these interactions is needed. Therefore this paper analyzes the interaction between drivers and pedestrians at crosswalks from both the driver's and the pedestrian's perspective. A study with driving experiments in real-life traffic was conducted. The study not only investigates how drivers respond to pedestrians who intend to use the crosswalk, but also their response to pedestrians who waive their right-of-way. An analysis of recorded driving and video data identified typical behavior patterns of drivers approaching a crosswalk, as well as of pedestrians crossing on it. Supplemented by questionnaires filled in by drivers and pedestrians, we determined factors which have a relevant impact on successful driver-pedestrian interaction. We confirmed that with higher initial speeds, drivers tend to exhibit more anticipatory driving behavior. Contrary to previous studies, the presented results show a significant influence of the vehicle's speed on the pedestrian's decision process. The gained insights into the driver-pedestrian interaction process provide an opportunity to develop autonomous driving functions with a cooperative driving behavior that conforms to the expectations of both pedestrians and vehicle occupants.
Performance Enhancement of AODV over DSR on Demand Routing Protocols - Aspect of Packet Salvaging in AODV

Nodes in mobile ad hoc networks communicate with one another via packet radios on wireless multihop links. Because of node mobility and power limitations, the network topology changes frequently. Routing protocols therefore play an important role in mobile multihop network communications. This network is intended for situations when it is not economically practical or physically possible to deploy the necessary infrastructure, for example in temporary or remote locations such as rescue operations or military applications [1]. A recent trend in ad hoc network routing is the reactive on-demand philosophy where routes are established only when required. Most of the protocols in this category, however, use single route and do not utilize multiple alternate paths. In this paper, I propose a scheme to improve existing on-demand routing protocols by creating a mesh and providing multiple alternate routes. My algorithm establishes the mesh and multipaths without transmitting any extra control message. I apply my scheme to the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol and evaluate the performance improvements by simulation.
Obstructive lung disease in children after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Obstructive lung disease (OLD) has been described as a significant complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The incidence of OLD in adults appears to be low (approximately 3%), but there is little data for children. We analyzed 89 consecutive pediatric allogeneic BMTs, > or = 1.5 years post-BMT, performed at British Columbia's Children's Hospital from 1980 to 1992 for evidence of OLD. Diagnosis of OLD was based on clinical findings (nonproductive cough, wheezing, and dyspnea with no evidence of infection), pulmonary function tests (FEV1 < 80% and FEF25-75% < 60% predicted), lung biopsy, and computed tomography scan. Sixty-seven of the 89 children evaluated survived > or = 90 days and were classified as at risk for OLD. Thirteen of 67 (19.4%), developed OLD, 3 of which were transient. The development of OLD was strongly associated with the following high-risk groups: chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (37.1% OLD), increased donor age, acute GVHD, and either mismatched related or matched unrelated donor transplants. No correlation was found with methotrexate prophylaxis for GVHD, total body irradiation, or cytomegalovirus reactivity in either donor or recipient and the development of OLD. Further analysis of only children with chronic GVHD showed that liver involvement by GVHD before the onset of OLD (57.9%) was the only other significant predictive factor. We observed an overall increased prevalence of OLD in children compared with that previously reported in adults. Further studies are required to confirm whether age is a risk factor for development of OLD after allogeneic BMT.
The creation of portmanteaus in the extragrammatical morphology of Spanish

Abstract Relying on Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993) and Correspondence Theory (McCarthy and Prince 1995), this paper presents an analysis of the patterns exhibited by Spanish portmanteaus (e.g., [bɾuxéɾes] ‘mean women’ < [bɾúxa] ‘witch’ + [muxéɾes] ‘women’), which demonstrates that such playful word creations are not generated according to the same principles that govern the grammatical morphology. Instead, portmanteaus are created in the extragrammatical morphology (Dressler 2000), where they are subject to constraints that are ‘distorted’ versions of those found in natural language, and others that are exclusive to playful language. It is also shown that Spanish portmanteaus are endowed with a syntactic/semantic head, which is crucial in order to account not only for their syntactic and semantic properties but also for their phonological form. Despite their non-canonical structure, portmanteaus are subject to well-formedness and faithfulness constraints, which determine that only one of the many possible ways in which the source words may combine is optimal. Yet above well-formedness and faithfulness constraints, there is a principle of recoverability of the source words, which portmanteaus must always respect.
Effect of Maternal Diabetes on the Pattern of Selected Insulin Resistance Syndrome Parameters in Normal Glucose Tolerant Subjects of Two Algonquin Indian Communities in Quebec

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a maternal antecedent with diabetes has an effect on insulin resistance syndrome parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 352 Algonquin Indians from Quebec aged at least 15 years who had no personal antecedents with diabetes. Data concerned clinical and biological parameters and the parental antecedents with diabetes. RESULTS For subjects over > 30 years, fasting insulin and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the group with a maternal history of diabetes than in the group with a paternal history. Significant differences were observed for serum triglyceride, BMI, and subscapular skinfold thickness when comparing subjects with a maternal history and those with no parental history of diabetes. Blood pressure and fasting glucose did not differ according to parental history. CONCLUSIONS Subjects of maternal antecedents with diabetes have known risk factors for NIDDM. This study does not identify whether there is a genetic or maternal environmental reason for this association.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Embedded Phishing Exercises

Embedded phishing exercises, which send test phishing emails, are utilized by organizations to reduce the susceptibility of its employees to this type of attack. Research studies seeking to evaluate the effectiveness of these exercises have generally been limited by small sample sizes. These studies have not been able to measure possible factors that might bias results. As a result, companies have had to create their own design and evaluation methods, with no framework to guide their efforts. Lacking such guidelines, it can often be difﬁcult to determine whether these types of exercises are truly effective, and if reported results are statistically reliable. In this paper, we conduct a systematic analysis of data from a large real world embedded phishing exercise that involved 19,180 participants from a single organization, and utilized 115,080 test phishing emails. The ﬁrst part of our study focuses on developing methodologies to correct some sources of bias, enabling sounder evaluations of the efﬁcacy of embedded phishing exercises and training. We then use these methods to perform an analysis of the effectiveness of this embedded phishing exercise, and through our analysis, identify how the design of these exercises might be improved.
Hubble Bubble Equals Trouble: The Hazards of Water Pipe Smoking

A Narghile, one of the names for a water pipe, is an instrument for tobacco smoking that has became a trend among the youth in Israel. The mistaken opinion that smoking a Narghile is not as dangerous as smoking cigarettes makes the youngsters and their parents take it lightly and contributes to the expansion of its use. The objective of this paper was to review the literature on the health risks of Narghile smoking. A literature search of Medline (PubMed) and the Internet on the health hazards of Narghile smoking was conducted. The health hazards that the Narghile smoker is exposed to include interference with oxidation, damage to genetic compounds, increased risk of developing malignancies, infectious diseases, damage to the fetus and newborn, and exposure to commonly abused chemicals. It is concluded that increased awareness of the expanded use of the Narghile is imperative and education programs about the prevention of cigarette smoking and substance abuse should also include Narghile smoking.