Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Mental Task Combinations for Asynchronous EEG-Based BCIs

Aiming at developing asynchronous BCIs, we tested 21 2-class combinations of 7 mental tasks to determine whether any pair of tasks may be more suitable. The tasks under consideration were: auditory recall, mental navigation, sensorimotor attention (left hand), sensorimotor attention (right hand), mental calculation, imaginary movement (left hand), imaginary movement (right hand). Sensorimotor attention is novel in this application domain. All possible pairs were tried in 5 subjects using data from 10s periods in which subjects were free to execute the required mental task at their own pace. Recordings were done whilst the subject controlled a robot navigation simulator on a computer monitor, with the robot direction being related to the mental task. Classification of the data was done using LDA. Class-separation was estimated using the Davies-Bouldin index. Best classification results were obtained when auditory recall was followed or preceded by mental calculation. Of the possible 21 task combinations, this task pair was in the top 5 (performance-wise) for 4 of the 5 subjects. This was also the case when class-separation was used as a criterion.
Perfect Matching in Bipartite Planar Graphs is in UL

We prove that Perfect Matching in bipartite planar graphs is in UL, improving upon the previous bound of SPL (see [DKR10]) on its space complexity. We also exhibit space complexity bounds for some related problems. Summarizing, we show that, constructing: 1. a Perfect Matching in bipartite planar graphs is in UL 2. a Hall Obstacle in bipartite planar graphs is in NL; 3. an Even Perfect Matching in bipartite planar graphs is in NL; and 4. an Even Path in planar DAGs is in UL. For the proof of 2 and 3, we revisit the flow technique of Miller and Naor [MN89] which was used to provide an NC algorithm for bipartite planar matching construction. To obtain the main result (item 1 above), we combine it in a simple but subtle way with the double counting technique of Reinhardt and Allender [RA00] to yield the UL bound. To prove the UL bound in 4 above, we combine two existing isolation techniques (viz. [BTV09] and [FKS84, Hoa10]) in a non-obvious way.
University Learning

There is no communication without disturbing background effects, and this static is likely to be greatest in the pedagogical communication between one who knows and one who is to learn . Communication can only be regarded as pedagogical when every effort is made to eliminate the faulty signals inherent in an incomplete knowledge of the code and to transmit the code in the most efficient way E Ellsworth
Endoscopy: current state and future trends in tumor diagnosis.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been significantly improved during the last decade. Tumors of less than 5 mm in diameter can now be detected by using high-resolution videoendoscopes. Additional in vivo staining allows better delineation and more precise identification of the lateral spreading of lesions. Today the missing of cancers in early stage is mainly due to lack of screening programs rather than technical limitations. Endoscopic mucosal resection of superficial lesions is primarily a diagnostic procedure to determine the need for surgery. However, it may be curative when histology proves a complete resection. Swallowable endoscopy capsules provide access to the entire small bowel. The capsule takes 2 images/second and transmits them to a recorder. After passage of the small bowel the 50,000 recorded images are reviewed on a computer. The capsule should not be used in patients with suspected intestinal stenosis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an established procedure for the T- and N-staging of gastrointestinal tumors. With an accuracy rate of around 90%, this method is helpful for the therapeutic decision e.g. indication for operation. EUS cannot distinguish benign from malignant changes, particularly in focal pancreatic lesions. However, this drawback can be reduced with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of the primary lesion or an accessible lymph node. At 7.5-20 MHz the gastrointestinal wall is visualized in 5 and more layers allowing for detailed staging of T1 tumors. 3D-EUS resolution is described to be better than 100 microns. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a resolution of 10-20 microns demonstrates tissue micro-architecture. Structures only seen in histology before are visualized real-time in vivo during endoscopy. However, the infiltration depth is only 1 mm and the method is still in the clinical experimental stage. Confocal microscopy has been recently adapted for endoscopy. Images from the first clinical evaluations already show single cells and nuclei. Cellular characteristics become visible and endoscopy is on the way towards optical biopsy.
PKCS # 5 : Password-Based Encryption Standard

1. Scope This standard describes a method for encrypting an octet string with a secret key derived from a password. The result of the method is an octet string. Although the standard can be used to encrypt arbitrary octet strings, its intended primary application to public-key cryptography is for encrypting private keys when transferring them from one computer system to another, as described in PKCS #8. The standard defines two key-encryption algorithms: "MD2 with DES-CBC" and "MD5 with DES-CBC. " The algorithms employ DES secret-key encryption in cipher-block chaining mode, where the secret key is derived from a password with the MD2 message-digest algorithm, or MD5 message-digest algorithm.
A Note on Using Performance and Data Profiles for Training Algorithms

This article shows how to use performance and data profile benchmarking tools to improve the performance of algorithms. We propose to achieve this goal by defining and approximately solving suitable optimization problems involving the parameters of the algorithm under consideration. Because these problems do not have derivatives and may involve integer variables, we suggest using a mixed-integer derivative-free optimizer for this task. A numerical illustration is presented (using the BFO package), which indicates that the obtained gains are potentially significant.
Pollution, Property, and Prices

In this classic book, originally published in 1968 by University of Toronto Press, John Dales proposed a new policy instrument for tackling pollution problems, namely ‘markets in pollution rights’. Dales was one of the first economists to put forward such a solution, and in subsequent years a system of emissions trading has evolved which is now a centrepiece in international discussions of how to address the problem of global climate change.
Ability and Performance Comparisons of Gifted Students in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Settings

Ability and Performance Comparisons of Gifted Students in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Settings by Cindy Rochelle Schwartz EdS, Lincoln Memorial University, 2005 MSEd, Fort Valley State University, 2001 BSEd, University of Georgia, 1989 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University June 2016
Medical University of South Carolina Telestroke: A Telemedicine Facilitated Network for Stroke Treatment in South Carolina-A Progress Report.

BACKGROUND Patients in rural communities lack access to acute stroke therapies. Rapid administration of lytic therapy increases the likelihood of favorable functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). At the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), we implemented a Web-based telestroke program that allows patients presenting with AIS at a rural hospital to receive expert stroke consultation within minutes. This increases their chances of receiving lytic therapy, and therefore increases the likelihood of good functional outcome. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to provide an update on how our telestroke program had developed and the rate and safety of intravenous (IV) alteplase administration through telestroke. METHODS Data were collected on all patients evaluated through the MUSC Telestroke program from May 2008 through April 2014. Collected data included National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on presentation, number of IV alteplase administrations, number of patients transferred to MUSC, number of mechanical thrombectomies performed on transferred patients, rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages (sICHs), and discharge location. RESULTS A total of 7,694 consults were performed during the study period. Of them 3,795 (49.2%) patients were diagnosed with ischemic stroke, of those 1,324 (34.8%) received IV alteplase. A total of 1,282 patients were transferred to MUSC for further care. From November 2014 to April 2016, 56 patients received mechanical thrombectomy. sICH occurred in 33 patients who received alteplase, and in 5 patients receiving a combination of IV and intraarterial thrombolysis. Over the study period, the number of participating sites increased from 6 to 19 sites. The percentage of transfers to MUSC decreased from 36% to 14%. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that our telestroke program had evolved over time to involve more sites throughout the state of South Carolina. Post-IV alteplase sICH was low and within the expected range.
Divergent Effects Of Job Control On Coping With Work Stressors: The Key Role Of Self-Efficacy

This study identifies job self-efficacy as a moderating variable that may determine whether job control contributes positively or negative to coping with work stressors. Data from two samples (health professionals and an occupationally diverse group) demonstrated similar interactions between demands, control, and self-efficacy predicting blood pressure. These results may reconcile the previous inconsistent and largely method-bound support for Karasek's job demands-control model and suggest that efforts to improve job self-efficacy may be as important to reducing the cardiovascular consequences of job stress as efforts to enhance control.
Aldose reductase pathway mediates JAK‐STAT signaling: a novel axis in myocardial ischemic injury

The aldose reductase pathway has been demonstrated to be a key component of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Previously, we demonstrated that increased lactate/pyruvate ratio, a measure of cytosolic NADH/NAD+, is an important change that drives the metabolic cascade mediating ischemic injury. This study investigated signaling mechanisms by which the aldose reductase pathway mediates myocardial ischemic injury. Specifically, the influence of the aldose reductase pathway flux on JAK‐STAT signaling was examined in perfused hearts. Induction of global ischemia in rats resulted in JAK2 activation followed by STAT5 activation. Pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase or sorbitol dehydrogenase blocked JAK2 and STAT5 activation and was associated with lower lactate/pyruvate ratio and lower protein kinase C activity. Niacin, known to lower cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio independent of the aldose reductase pathway inhibition, also blocked JAK2 and STAT5 activation. Inhibition of protein kinase C also blocked JAK2 and STAT5 activation. Transgenic mice overexpressing human aldose reductase exhibited increased JAK2 and STAT5 activation. Pharmacological inhibition of JAK2 reduced ischemic injury and improved functional recovery similar to that observed in aldose reductase pathway inhibited mice hearts. These data, for the first time, demonstrate JAK‐STAT signaling by the aldose reductase pathway in ischemic hearts and is, in part, due to changes in cytosolic redox state.
PD-L1 promoter methylation is a prognostic biomarker for biochemical recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy

Background The rapid development of programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has generated an urgent need for biomarkers assisting the selection of patients eligible for therapy. The use of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, which has been suggested as a predictive biomarker, however, is confounded by multiple unresolved issues. The aim of this study therefore was to quantify PD-L1 DNA methylation (mPD-L1) in prostate tissue samples and to evaluate its potential as a biomarker in prostate cancer (PCa). Results In the training cohort, normal tissue showed significantly lower levels of mPD-L1 compared to tumor tissue. High mPD-L1 in PCa was associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) in univariate Cox proportional hazards (hazard ratio (HR)=2.60 [95%CI: 1.50-4.51], p=0.001) and Kaplan-Meier analyses (p<0.001). These results were corroborated in an independent validation cohort in univariate Cox (HR=1.24 [95%CI: 1.08-1.43], p=0.002) and Kaplan-Meier analyses (p=0.029). Although mPD-L1 and PD-L1 protein expression did not correlate in the validation cohort, both parameters added significant prognostic information in bivariate Cox analysis (HR=1.22 [95%CI: 1.05-1.42], p=0.008 for mPD-L1 and HR=2.58 [95%CI: 1.43-4.63], p=0.002 for PD-L1 protein expression). Methods mPD-L1 was analyzed in a training cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=498) and was subsequently measured in an independent validation cohort (n=299) by quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR. All patients had undergone radical prostatectomy. Conclusions mPD-L1 is a promising biomarker for the risk stratification of PCa patients and might offer additional relevant prognostic information to the implemented clinical parameters, particularly in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibition.
Modeling of Passenger Evacuation Model in Transfer Hub Platform

Transfer hub platform gather much people in one small place. when emergency event happen, Transfer hub platform well become the very dangerous palace. So building a suited passenger evacuation model in Transfer hub platform to simulation crowd and group evacuation in the emergency situation is very importation. The goal of the paper is create a framework of passenger evacuation concept model to help building the passenger evacuation model in Transfer hub platform firstly. Than build the model of passenger evacuation. Lastly, give a small case to validate model by datum Fuxin Men Transfer hub platform in subway the line 2 in Beijing.
Cerebral circulation and ischemia: How to monitor it during surgery?

The anesthesiologists from both the United States and China had an open and engaging discussion on intraoperative monitoring of cerebral perfusion and ischemia at the social media – WeChat International Chinese Academy of Anesthesiology (ICAA, www.icaahq.org) group. This discussion is presented here to showcase the role the modern social media plays in enhancing the academic exchange and learning experience on the international stage. Some minor edits were performed for clarity purposes.
A PROPOSAL FOR THE MEASURING OF SELF-CARE IN THE ELDERLY

This quantitative study aimed to construct Mokken scales related to the capacity for self-care of 48 elderly individuals. The survey used a version of the Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale validated for Portuguese. The questionnaire of 24 items permitted answers on a Likert scale with five alternatives. For analysis, non-parametric item response theory was used. Out of all the polytomic items, 19 formed two Mokken scales: that of Subjective Self-Care Capacity, with 11 items, and that of Objective Self-Care Capacity, with 8 items. It was possible to set up two scales in diminishing order of self-care ability, according to each persons total score. It was verified that where objective actions and attitudes are concerned, the self-care capacity of the elderly is less than when one is considering subjective actions and attitudes. KEYWORDS: Self-care; Elderly; Gerontological care.
Less haste more speed: factors that prolong the interval from presentation to diagnosis in some cancers.

BACKGROUND In the UK, the GP is the gatekeeper to specialist services in addition to many other roles. Recently, the GP is also expected to select cases that warrant 'urgent' as opposed to 'routine' specialist investigation. Failure to refer on the appropriate timetable may have implications for timely diagnosis. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to explore the circumstances in which the diagnosis of cancer is delayed with reference to the primary care records and by a structured investigation of clinical records in one practice. METHODS The study was set in an urban group practice serving a mixed population of deprived and affluent communities. List size was 10 440 patients, with five whole time equivalent partners and three practice nurses. The appointment system was fully computerized and there were no personal lists. Records for all cases with specified common cancers diagnosed since 1990 and still registered in the practice were reviewed. The interval from presentation to referral, referral to diagnosis and presentation to diagnosis was compared for a series of factors including 'urgent' referral. The clinical team currently working in the practice conducted a structured review of the case records for the most delayed cases. RESULTS Fifty-four cases were listed in the practice. A series of factors were identified as having a bearing on delayed diagnosis, including a reticence on the part of patients to seek to expedite specialist appointments, failures of communication, and patients presenting multiple problems in short general practice consultations. The action plan agreed by the clinical team includes improving the quality of communication with secondary care, follow-up of patients who have been referred for radiological or ultrasound investigation and reviewing patients who fail to attend specialist clinics. CONCLUSIONS The data imply that delays sometimes result from avoidable errors before and after referral and especially by the patient entering secondary care on the wrong pathway. Improving the patients' experience in health care requires the provider to take a global view of the service. Primary care is not merely a filter but influences and is influenced by policies in other parts of the health care system.
Data-efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dexterous Manipulation

Deep learning and reinforcement learning methods have recently been used to solve a variety of problems in continuous control domains. An obvious application of these techniques is dexterous manipulation tasks in robotics which are difficult to solve using traditional control theory or hand-engineered approaches. One example of such a task is to grasp an object and precisely stack it on another. Solving this difficult and practically relevant problem in the real world is an important long-term goal for the field of robotics. Here we take a step towards this goal by examining the problem in simulation and providing models and techniques aimed at solving it. We introduce two extensions to the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm (DDPG), a model-free Q-learning based method, which make it significantly more data-efficient and scalable. Our results show that by making extensive use of off-policy data and replay, it is possible to find control policies that robustly grasp objects and stack them. Further, our results hint that it may soon be feasible to train successful stacking policies by collecting interactions on real robots.
45nm CMOS platform technology (CMOS6) with high density embedded memories

This paper describes the first 45nm Node CMOS technology (CMOS6) with optimized Vdd, EOT and BEOL parameters. For this technology to be applicable from high performance CPU to mobile applications, three sets of core devices are presented which are compatible with 0.069um/sup 2/ trench capacitor DRAM and 0.247um/sup 2/ 6Tr.SRAM embedded memories.
Klinik karar vermede ROC analizi

ROC curve is a graphic presentation of the relationship between both sensitivity and specificity. By the help of curves we can decide the optimal model through determining the best threshold for a diagnostic test. They also provide comparision the success of different tests in correct clinical diagnosis. ROC analysis is an analysis method that will contribute to the process of clinical decision-making when the diagnosis process will take a long time, the cost will be high, special method-equipment and qualified human resources will be needed by determining appropriate cut-off values for indicators that will be determined in short-time, low-cost, and easily obtainable.
Mechanical injury of cartilage explants causes specific time-dependent changes in chondrocyte gene expression.

OBJECTIVE Joint injury in young adults leads to an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA) later in life. This study was undertaken to determine if injurious mechanical compression of cartilage explants results in changes at the level of gene transcription that may lead to subsequent degradation of the cartilage. METHODS Cartilage was explanted from the femoropatellar groove of newborn calves. Levels of messenger RNA encoding matrix molecules, proteases, their natural inhibitors, transcription factors, and cytokines were assessed in free swelling control cultures as compared with cartilage cultures at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after application of a single injurious compression. RESULTS Gene-expression levels measured in noninjured, free swelling cartilage varied over 5 orders of magnitude. Matrix molecules were the most highly expressed of the genes tested, while cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), aggrecanases (ADAMTS-5), and transcription factors showed lower expression levels. Matrix molecules showed little change in expression after injurious compression, whereas MMP-3 increased approximately 250-fold, ADAMTS-5 increased approximately 40-fold, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 increased approximately 12-fold above the levels in free swelling cultures. Genes typically used as internal controls, GAPDH and beta-actin, increased expression levels approximately 4-fold after injury, making them unsuitable for use as normalization genes in this study. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta, cytokines known to be involved in the progression of OA, did not change in the chondrocytes after injury. CONCLUSION Changes in the level of gene expression after mechanical injury are gene specific and time dependent. The quantity of specific proteins may be altered as a result of these changes in gene expression, which may eventually lead to degradation at the tissue level and cause a compromise in cartilage structure and function.
Spontaneous Achilles' tendon rupture.

THE RECENT radiological literature has contained little information concerning spontaneous Achilles' tendon rupture. Although the clinical and physical findings were thoroughly described by Petit (1) in 1726, only one reference to this entity could be located in the current radiological literature (2). A review of this subject was undertaken in the light of what is felt by the authors to be specific and highly diagnostic roentgenographic findings. Most Achilles' tendon ruptures are of the spontaneous type, with no direct tendon trauma and no break in the skin. The rupture occurs as a separation of the tendon in its body or insertion, or in the musculo-tendinous portion. The history, symptoms, and clinical findings will usually be quite specific. If these are not clear-cut, the roentgenographic signs may be diagnostic and prevent undue delay of surgical treatment. The roentgenographic findings are: (a) obscuration of the tendon; (b) posterior encroachment on the fat pad ; (c) soft-tissue mass at the tendon.