Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous Time Group Discovery in Dynamic Graphs

With the rise in availability and importance of graphs and networks, it has become increasingly important to have good models to describe their behavior. While much work has focused on modeling static graphs, we focus on group discovery in dynamic graphs. We adapt a dynamic extension of Latent Dirichlet Allocation to this task and demonstrate good performance on two datasets. Modeling relational data has become increasingly important in recent years. Much work has focused on static graphs - that is fixed graphs at a single point in time. Here we focus on the problem of modeling dynamic (i.e. time-evolving) graphs. We propose a scalable Bayesian approach for community discovery in dynamic graphs. Our approach is based on extensions of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). LDA is a latent variable model for topic modeling in text corpora. It was extended to deal with topic changes in discrete time and later in continuous time. These models were referred to as the discrete Dynamic Topic Model (dDTM) and the continuous Dynamic Topic Model (cDTM), respectively. When adapting these models to graphs, we take our inspiration from LDA-G and SSN-LDA, applications of LDA to static graphs that have been shown to effectively factor out communitymore » structure to explain link patterns in graphs. In this paper, we demonstrate how to adapt and apply the cDTM to the task of finding communities in dynamic networks. We use link prediction to measure the quality of the discovered community structure and apply it to two different relational datasets - DBLP author-keyword and CAIDA autonomous systems relationships. We also discuss a parallel implementation of this approach using Hadoop. In Section 2, we review LDA and LDA-G. In Section 3, we review the cDTM and introduce cDTMG, its adaptation to modeling dynamic graphs. We discuss inference for the cDTM-G and details of our parallel implementation in Section 4 and present its performance on two datasets in Section 5 before concluding in Section 6. « less
Convergence of weighted min-sum decoding via dynamic programming on coupled trees

Applying the max-product (and belief-propagation) algorithms to loopy graphs is now quite popular for constraint satisfaction problems. This is largely due to their low computational complexity and impressive performance in practice. Still, there is no general understanding of the conditions required for convergence and/or the optimality of converged solutions. This paper presents an analysis of weighted min-sum (a.k.a. attenuated max-product) decoding for LDPC codes that guarantees convergence to a fixed point when the weight β is sufficiently small. It also shows that, if the fixed point satisfies all the constraints, then it must be both the linear-programming (LP) and maximum-likelihood (ML) solution. For (d<inf>v</inf>, d<inf>c</inf>)-regular LDPC codes, the weight must satisfy 1/β > d<inf>v</inf> − 1 whereas the result of Koetter and Frey requires instead that 1/β >(d<inf>v</inf> − 1)(d<inf>c</inf> − 1). A counterexample is also given that shows a fixed point might not be the ML solution if 1/β < d<inf>v</inf> − 1. Finally, connections are explored with recent work by Arora et al. on the threshold of LP decoding.
A PSpace Tableau Algorithm for Acyclic Modalized ALC

We study ALCKm and ALCS4m, which extend the description logic ALC by adding modal operators of the basic multi-modal logics Km and S4m. We develop a sound and complete tableau algorithmK for answering ALCKm queries w.r. t. an ALCKm knowledge base with an acyclic TBox. Defining tableau expansion rules in the presence of acyclic definitions by considering only the concept names on the left-hand side of TBox definitions or their negations, allows us to give a PSpace implementation forK. We then consider answering ALCS4m queries w.r. t. an ALCS4m knowledge base (with an acyclic TBox) in which the epistemic operators correspond to those of classical multi-modal logic S4m. The expansion rules in the tableau algorithmS4 are designed to syntactically incorporate the epistemic properties. Blocking is corporated into the tableau expansion rules to ensure termination. We also provide a PSpace implementation forS4. In light of the fact that the satisfiability problem for ALCKm with general TBox and no epistemic properties (i.e., KALC) is NEXPTIME-complete, we conclude that both ALCKm and ALCS4m offer computationally manageable and practically useful fragments of KALC.
Parsing Chinese Synthetic Words with a Character-based Dependency Model

Synthetic word analysis is a potentially important but relatively unexplored problem in Chinese natural language processing. Two issues with the conventional pipeline methods involving word segmentation are (1) the lack of a common segmentation standard and (2) the poor segmentation performance on OOV words. These issues may be circumvented if we adopt the view of character-based parsing, providing both internal structures to synthetic words and global structure to sentences in a seamless fashion. However, the accuracy of synthetic word parsing is not yet satisfactory, due to the lack of research. In view of this, we propose and present experiments on several synthetic word parsers. Additionally, we demonstrate the usefulness of incorporating large unlabelled corpora and a dictionary for this task. Our parsers significantly outperform the baseline (a pipeline method).
“A Lab of Our Own”

There are challenges to the dominant research paradigm in breast cancer science. In the United States, science and social activism create paradigmatic shifts. Using interviews, ethnographic observations, and an extensive review of the literature, we create a three-dimensional model to situate changes in scientific controversy concerning environmental causes of breast cancer. We identify three paradigm challenges posed by activists and some scientists: (1) to move debates about causation upstream to address causes; (2) to shift emphasis from individual to modifiable societal-level factors beyond an individual’s control; and (3) to allow direct lay involvement in research, which may raise new questions and change how questions are approached, the methods used, and the standards of proof. We use our model to examine controversies about doing scientific research, interpreting scientific results, and acting on science. Ultimately, we aim to understand what impedes construction of new methodologies and knowledge about environmental factors in human disease.
A Simple State Feedback Controller Design Method of Networked Control Systems with Time Delay and Pa

Abstract This paper presents a simple yet effective method to design state feedback controller for networked control systems (NCSs). By introducing the lifting technique into NCSs and by considering the balance between effectiveness and simplicity, a novel discrete-time switch model is proposed with the consideration of time delay and packet dropout during the transmission of packets. In terms of the given model, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of state feedback controller such that the closed-loop NCSs are asymptotically stable. Based on the obtained stability conditions, a homotopy-based iterative LMI algorithm is developed to get the state feedback gain. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Au temps en emporte le C

Le (bon) sequencement des evenements au fil du temps fait partie des nombreux sujets d'analyse de programmes, par exemple pour l'etude de protocoles d'echange d'information ou de systemes embarques. De nombreux travaux de logique temporelle lineaire (LTL) permettent de decrire formellement le comportement attendu d'un programme, sous la forme d'une succession d’actions distinctes. Implante au sein de Frama-C, plate-forme d'analyse de code source en langage C, le greffon Aorai permet la generation de specifications equivalentes, dans leur ensemble, a la conformite d'un programme C donne vis a vis d'une formule de logique temporelle lineaire. Ce greffon discretise le temps de telle sorte que seuls les appels et les retours de fonctions sont consideres comme des evenements. Cet article presente Model-CaRet, un nouveau greffon Frama-C qui generalise la trace etudiee par Aorai. Plus precisement, Model-CaRet est dedie a la generation du test de satisfiabilite, et a sa verification automatique, d'une formule de logique CaRet sur un programme C, represente sous la forme d'une machine a etats recursif. CaRet est une extension naturelle de la LTL permettant l'etude simultanee de plusieurs traces d'execution, et en particulier de manipuler explicitement la pile d'appel du programme dans les formules.
Programmatic testing of the Standard Template Library containers

We describe part of an STL conformance test suite under development. Test suites for all of the STL containers have been written, demonstrating the feasibility of thorough and highly automated testing of industrial component libraries. We describe affordable test suites that provide good code and boundary value coverage, including the thousands of cases that naturally occur from combinations of boundary values. We show how two simple oracles can provide fully automated output checking for all the containers. We refine the traditional categories of black-box and white-box testing to specification-based, implementation-based and implementation-dependent testing, and show how these three categories highlight the key cost/thoroughness trade-offs.
Simulation of stress concentrations in wire-bonds using a novel strain gradient theory

Fatigue failure of wire-bonds is one of the key factors limiting the lifetime of power electronic devices. In IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) modules, wire-bonds are exposed to repeated temperature changes leading to thermo-mechanical stresses in the constituent materials. Due to the geometry, stress concentrations arise at the interfaces of aluminum wires and silicon chips. In the framework of classical continuum mechanics, these stress concentrations show the characteristics of stress singularities. Nevertheless, IGBT modules reach lifetimes of about 30 years under service conditions. Therefore, it seems that classical continuum mechanics exaggerates the stress concentrations occurring at the material transitions. Hence, it is the subject of the present investigation to calculate more realistic stress distributions using a novel strain gradient theory.
Change in host rejection behavior mediated by the predatory behavior of its brood parasite

Passerine hosts of parasitic cuckoos usually vary in their ability to discriminate and reject cuckoo eggs. Costs of discrimination and rejection errors have been invoked to explain the maintenance of this within-population variability. Recently, enforcement of acceptance by parasites has been identified as a rejection cost in the magpie (Pica pica) and its brood parasite, the great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius). Previous experimental work has shown that rejecter magpies suffer from increased nest predation by the great spotted cuckoo. Cuckoo predatory behavior is supposed to confer a selective advantage to the parasite because magpies experiencing a reproductive failure may provide a second opportunity for the cuckoo to parasitize a replacement clutch. This hypothesis implicitly assumes that magpies modulate their propensity to reject parasite eggs as a function of previous experience. We tested this hypothesis in a magpie population breeding in study plots varying in parasitism rate. Magpie pairs that were experimentally parasitized and had their nests depredated, after their rejection behavior had been assessed, changed their behavior from rejection to acceptance. The change in host behavior was prominent in study plots with high levels of parasitism, but not in plots with rare or no cuckoo parasitism. We discuss three possible explanations for these differences, concluding that in study plots with a high density of cuckoos, the probability for a rejecter magpie nest of being revisited and depredated by a cuckoo is high, particularly for replacement clutches, and, therefore, the cost for magpies of rejecting a cuckoo egg in a replacement clutch is increased. Moreover, in areas with high levels of host defense (low parasitism rate), the probability of parasitism and predation of rejecter-magpie nests by the cuckoo is reduced in both first and replacement clutches. Therefore, rejecter magpies in such areas should not change their rejection behavior in replacement clutches. Key words: brood parasitism, Clamator glandarius, cuckoos, evolution, host defense, magpies, mafia behavior, Pica pica. [Behav Ecol 10:275‐280 (1999)]
Abnormalities of Inter- and Intra-Hemispheric Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Study Using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange Database

Recently, the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) project revealed decreased functional connectivity in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) relative to the typically developing controls (TDCs). However, it is still questionable whether the source of functional under-connectivity in subjects with ASD is equally contributed by the ipsilateral and contralateral parts of the brain. In this study, we decomposed the inter- and intra-hemispheric regions and compared the functional connectivity density (FCD) between 458 subjects with ASD and 517 TDCs from the ABIDE database. We quantified the inter- and intra-hemispheric FCDs in the brain by counting the number of functional connectivity with all voxels in the opposite and same hemispheric brain regions, respectively. Relative to TDCs, both inter- and intra-hemispheric FCDs in the posterior cingulate cortex, lingual/parahippocampal gyrus, and postcentral gyrus were significantly decreased in subjects with ASD. Moreover, in the ASD group, the restricted and repetitive behavior subscore of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-RRB) score showed significant negative correlations with the average inter-hemispheric FCD and contralateral FCD in the lingual/parahippocampal gyrus cluster. Also, the ADOS-RRB score showed significant negative correlations with the average contralateral FCD in the default mode network regions such as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Taken together, our findings imply that a deficit of non-social functioning processing in ASD such as restricted and repetitive behaviors and sensory hypersensitivity could be determined via both inter- and intra-hemispheric functional disconnections.
Towards Systematic Usage of Labels and Icons in Business Process Models

Surprisingly little research has investigated the factors contributing to the successful practice of process modeling, in particular those contributing to the development of process models that facilitate human understanding. This research discusses the use of text and icons for labeling the graphical constructs in a process model. We discuss the use of two verb classification schemes to propose a systematic approach for describing, and graphically representing, domain semantics in labels used in process model constructs such that human understanding can be improved. We argue that the systematic use of domain labels and corresponding icons will result in process models that are easier and more readily understandable by end users. Our findings contribute to an ongoing stream of research investigating the practice of process modeling and thereby contribute to the body of knowledge about conceptual modeling quality overall.
Modelling and Evaluation of Recovery Control for Degradable/Recoverable Information Systems

This paper proposes an effective design method of degradable/recoverable information system by using two methods of sate diagram matrix (SDM), which is a structural state based description formalism, and total high performance time (THPT) which is a performance-related system reliability measure. SDM is useful to identify pending states for restoring system state from a degraded state to a normal state. Control method of recovery procedure in the pending states is detailed by using extended stochastic Petri net (ESPN) to evaluate THPT. We illustrate effectiveness of combining these methods for degradable/recoverable information system behavioural specification and performance-related reliability evaluation through an application of storage system with mirrored disks
Complex 2D matched filtering without Halo artifacts

Accurate extraction of previously defined objects from noisy images is still a challenge for most image processing systems. There is a trade-off between the unwanted and useful amount of extracted information. From quality aspect, the matched filtering approach is preferable, as it significantly reduces the amount of unwanted information; however, the segmentation of filtered images usually is difficult. Complex matched filtering does the opposite: it provides the additional information, which simplifies the segmentation procedure; however, the resulting images are filled with the unwanted artifacts. This paper introduces the improved 2D complex matched filtering approach. The approach discussed in this paper doesn't produce the unwanted artifacts and still retains the angular information about the extracted objects. This improvement is significant for the systems that are sensitive to noise and demand precise segmentation results.
Locomotor muscle profile of a deep (Kogia breviceps) versus shallow (Tursiops truncatus) diving cetacean

When a marine mammal dives, breathing and locomotion are mechanically uncoupled, and its locomotor muscle must power swimming when oxygen is limited. The morphology of that muscle provides insight into both its oxygen storage capacity and its rate of oxygen consumption. This study investigated the m. longissimus dorsi, an epaxial swimming muscle, in the long duration, deep‐diving pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) and the short duration, shallow‐diving Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Muscle myoglobin content, fiber type profile (based upon myosin ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase assays), and fiber size were measured for five adult specimens of each species. In addition, a photometric analysis of sections stained for succinate dehydrogenase was used to create an index of mitochondrial density. The m. longissimus dorsi of K. breviceps displayed significantly a) higher myoglobin content, b) larger proportion of Type I (slow oxidative) fibers by area, c) larger mean fiber diameters, and d) lower indices of mitochondrial density than that of T. truncatus. Thus, this primary swimming muscle of K. breviceps has greater oxygen storage capacity, reduced ATP demand, and likely a reduced rate of oxygen consumption relative to that of T. truncatus. The locomotor muscle of K. breviceps appears able to ration its high onboard oxygen stores, a feature that may allow this species to conduct relatively long duration, deep dives aerobically. J. Morphol. , 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a visual whole life-cycle energy assessment framework for built environment

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) adopted the Kyoto protocol, establishing legally binding targets for the developed world countries that ratified the protocol. It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an overall 5% below 1990 levels during the period between 2008 and 2012. Our review of current literature and research projects in the area of sustainability, energy and assessment applied to built environment identified gaps in current knowledge and tools. There is also a need to integrate sustainability within the whole life cycle of a building from design through construction to operation. This paper aims to give an overall review of the knowledge and technologies in the research area. We present a framework, methodologies and technologies that will facilitate the integration of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Whole Life Cycle Cost Assessment (WLCCA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using 3D and Building Information Model (BIM) technologies.
Improvement of pre-partitioning on reinforcement learning based spectrum sharing

In this paper, we present a novel technique for reinforcement learning based spectrum sharing schemes. It shows how the potential action space of users is reduced by randomly partitioning the spectrum for different users. Cognitive agents are therefore able to finish their exploration stage faster than more basic reinforcement learning based schemes. Simulation results show how the communication system is more stable if all users reserve a subset of resources at the beginning and then learn to select the best channels in the reserved spectrum set. The system performance by using pre-partitioning is investigated and comparison with the traditional reinforcement learning based schemes is given.
An operational open source approach for watersheds delimitation and characterization based on digital images and geographical databases

Since natural disasters may cause big human and material losses, the Brazilian government are specially interested in ways to avoid it. Among these ways, the use of computational technologies are specially interesting for monitoring and warning population about such disasters. At this work we present an approach, developed at the Brazilian National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), for watershed areas delimitation and characterization, based on digital images and geographical databases, using only open source tools. The proposed approach achieves consistent and useful results on operation environment, providing a significant helping for disasters management. Finally, we present some examples of delimited and characterized watersheds, in different regions of Brazil, including one in the Amazon rainforest area. The presented approach is already operational at the situation room in CEMADEN.
Discriminating Between Causes of D″ Anisotropy Using Reflections and Splitting Measurements for a Single Path

Knowledge of deep mantle deformation is based on seismic anisotropy: the variation of seismic wave speed and polarization with direction. Measuring this directional dependency requires azimuthal seismic coverage at D″ depth—the bottom few hundred kilometers of the mantle—which is often a limit in retrieving the style of anisotropy. Shear wave splitting is the standard technique for probing mantle anisotropy, and recently, reflections from the D″ region have been used to infer azimuthal anisotropy. Here we combine observations and modeling of D″ reflections with shear wave splitting along a given raypath direction in order to constrain mineralogy and dynamics of the lower mantle. From our modeling, a clear distinction between different anisotropic media is possible by using both types of observations together but only one directional path. We focus on the lowermost mantle beneath the central Atlantic Ocean by using South‐Central American earthquakes recorded in Morocco. We find complex azimuthal and distance variation for both polarities of D″ reflections and shear wave splitting parameters, which rules out a simple style of anisotropy—such as vertical transverse isotropy—for the region. Our preferred model consists of a phase transition from a randomly oriented bridgmanite to lattice‐preferred orientation fabric in postperovskite, developed in a tilted plane sheared along a roughly SW‐NE deformation direction.