Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Años de experiencia como factor limitante en corredores veteranos de largas distancias / Training Experience as a Limiting Factor in Master Long Distance Runners

En las ultimas decadas ha aumentado el numero de atletas veteranos en carreras populares de resistencia. El estudio, que incluyo 103 atletas, tuvo el objetivo de analizar como influye la edad y los anos de experiencia en el rendimiento de corredores veteranos en largas distancias. Para ello se elaboro un cuestionario ad hoc. El analisis de los anos de experiencia muestra correlaciones significativas (p<0,05) en todas las distancias de la categoria de 35-39 anos, asi como en la distancia de 21,1 km en categoria 40-44 anos. Por otro lado, en la comparacion entre categorias relacionados con el tiempo total, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la distancia de 21,1 km para los grupos de edad de 35-39/45-49 (p=0,014) y 35-39/50-54 (p=0,014) asi como en la distancia de 42,2 km para los grupos de edad de 35-39/45-49 (p=0,022) y 45-49/50-54 (p=0,050). Los anos de experiencia parecen ser un factor limitante del rendimiento. PALABRAS CLAVE: corredores populares, veteranos, anos experiencia, largas distancias. ABSTRACT In the last decades, the number of recreational master runners in long-distance running events has increased. This study, which included 103 runners, aimed to analyze the influence of age and training experience on master runners' performance over long distances. An ad hoc questionnaire was used. Training experience analysis showed significant correlations (p<0.05) in all distances in the 35-39 years category, as well as in the distance of 21.1 km in the 40-44 years category. Furthermore, in the comparison between categories related to the total time, significant differences were found in 21.1 km distance for age groups of 35-39 / 45-49 (p=0.014) and 35-39 / 50-54 (p= 0.014) as well as in 42.2 km distance for the age groups of 35-39 / 45-49 (p=0.022) and 45-49 / 50-54 (p=0.050). Training experience appears to be a limiting factor for performance in recreational master runners. KEYWORDS: recreational runners, master, years of training, long distances
Implementation effort and performance: a comparison of custom and out-of-the-box metaheuristics on the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand

In practical applications, one can take advantage of metaheuristics in different ways: To simplify, we can say that metaheuristics can be either used out-of-the-box or a custom version can be developed. The former way requires a rather low effort, and in general allows to obtain fairly good results. The latter implies a larger investment in the design, implementation, and fine-tuning, and can often produce state-ofthe-art results. Unfortunately, most of the research works proposing an empirical analysis of metaheuristics do not even try to quantify the development effort devoted to the algorithms under consideration. In other words, they do not make clear whether they considered out-of-the-box or custom implementations of the metaheuristics under analysis. The lack of this information seriously undermines the generality and utility of these works. The aim of the paper is to stress that results obtained with out-ofthe-box implementations cannot be always generalized to custom ones, and vice versa. As a case study, we focus on the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand and on five among the most successful metaheuristics—namely, tabu search, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, iterated local search, and ant colony optimization. We show that the relative performance of these algorithms strongly varies whether one considers out-of-the-box implementations or custom ones, in which the parameters are accurately fine-tuned.
Is Sparsity Really Relevant for Image Classification

Recent years have seen an increasing interest in sparseness constraints for image classiﬁcation and object recognition, probably motivated by the evidence of sparse representations internal in the primate visual cortex. It is still unclear, however, whether or not sparsity helps classiﬁcation. In this paper we analyze the image classiﬁcation task on CIFAR-10, a very challenging dataset, and evaluate the impact of sparseness on the recognition rate using both standard and learned ﬁlter banks in a modular architecture. In our experiments, enforcing sparsity constraints is not required at run-time, since no performance improvement has been reported by indiscriminatively sparsifying the descriptors. This observation complies with the most recent ﬁndings on human visual cortex suggesting that a feed-forward mechanism underlies object recognition, and is of practical interest, as enforcing these constraints can have a heavy computational cost. Our best method outperforms the state-of-the-art, from 64.84% success rate on color images to 71.53% on grayscale images.
Closing the Gap between Modeling and Radiosity

The Hierarchical Radiosity method is well known for its linear time complexity during the solution, but also for its quadratic time complexity in terms of input polygons during the initialization of the algorithm. This initial linking stage often limits the use of the algorithm to scenes comprising only flat objects, which keeps the number of input polygons low. An accurate approximation of curved objects however often requires a very large number of initial polygons. If the subdivision process has the full information about the object’s geometry we can start with a very coarse mesh and insert vertices according to the object’s true shape as the algorithm proceeds. This paper shows how the gap between modeling and visualization can be closed and how scalability in an object-oriented rendering system can be exploited to efficiently compute the diffuse energy exchange between surfaces of curved objects.
Brasil – México: trayectorias estructurales diferenciadas

Na ultima decada, o crescimento permitiu ao Brasil se tornar a sexta economia do mundo, enquanto o Mexico ficou para tras, mesmo que, em meados da primeira decada do seculo XXI, as duas economias estivessem emparelhadas. As raizes dessa diferenca podem ser encontradas nas politicas governamentais que no Brasil fortaleceram mercado interno, enquanto o Mexico buscou por estabilidade e a globalizacao dificultou o potencial do mercado interno e reduziu o efeito das cadeias de valor globais. A analise comparativa das economias latino-americanas confirma a abordagem teorica da teoria do desenvolvimento, que o fortalecimento do mercado interno e a melhor maneira de aproximar economias de escala na economia global.
DistAMo: A Web-Based Tool to Characterize DNA-Motif Distribution on Bacterial Chromosomes

Short DNA motifs are involved in a multitude of functions such as for example chromosome segregation, DNA replication or mismatch repair. Distribution of such motifs is often not random and the specific chromosomal pattern relates to the respective motif function. Computational approaches which quantitatively assess such chromosomal motif patterns are necessary. Here we present a new computer tool DistAMo (Distribution Analysis of DNA Motifs). The algorithm uses codon redundancy to calculate the relative abundance of short DNA motifs from single genes to entire chromosomes. Comparative genomics analyses of the GATC-motif distribution in γ-proteobacterial genomes using DistAMo revealed that (i) genes beside the replication origin are enriched in GATCs, (ii) genome-wide GATC distribution follows a distinct pattern, and (iii) genes involved in DNA replication and repair are enriched in GATCs. These features are specific for bacterial chromosomes encoding a Dam methyltransferase. The new software is available as a stand-alone or as an easy-to-use web-based server version at http://www.computational. bio.uni-giessen.de/distamo.
Creating a power-aware structured ASIC

In an attempt to enable the cost-effective production of low and mid-volume application-specific chips, researchers have proposed a number of so-called structured ASIC architectures. These architectures represent a departure from traditional standard-cell-based ASIC designs in favor of techniques which present more physical and structural regularity. This paper presents circuits which provide power-performance flexibility in this regular, structured ASIC environment. These circuits, which employ gate sizing and voltage scaling for energy efficiency, enable delay-constrained power optimization to be performed for structured ASIC designs.
The designs and motions of a shoulder structure with a wide range of movement using bladebone-collarbone structures

We are trying to develop an innovative humanoid which learns from the structure of a human shoulder, especially the bladebone and collarbone. We consider that the bladebone-collarbone structures have the following merits, l)wide range of movement, 2)having the shoulder structure built on to the outside of the chest, allowing space for a lot of parts inside the chest, 3) flexible shoulder like humans. In contrast, it is difficult to control the shoulder structure because it have multiple degrees of freedom and extraordinary physical constraints. An aim of our research is to create a repeatable motion generation system of the bladebone-collarbone structures for real musculo-skeletal humanoid robots. In this paper, we describe the design process of the bladebone-collarbone structures for a muscle-driven humanoid robot, and the simulation system considering geometrical constraints of the structures. Then, we show a motion experiment using the shoulder structures of the humanoid, based on the simulation system we presented.
A general Fredholm theory I: A splicing-based differential geometry

This is the first paper in a series introducing a generalized Fredholm theory in a new class of smooth spaces called polyfolds. These spaces, in general, are locally not homeomorphic to open sets in Banach spaces. The present paper describes some of the differential geometry of this new class of spaces. The theory will be illustrated in upcoming papers by applications to Floer Theory, Gromov-Witten Theory, and Symplectic Field Theory
An integrated approach to measuring tumor oxygen status using human melanoma xenografts as a model.

Tumor oxygen status is a reliable prognostic marker that impacts malignant progression and outcome of tumor therapy. However, tumor oxygenation is heterogeneous and cannot be sufficiently described by a single parameter. It is influenced by several factors including microvessel density (MVD), blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), blood oxygen saturation, tissue pO(2), oxygen consumption rate, and hypoxic fraction. The goal of this investigation was to integrate these measurements to obtain a comprehensive profile of tumor oxygenation. Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule immunohistochemistry, the recessed oxygen microelectrode, color and power Doppler ultrasound (DUS), and diffuse light spectroscopy (DLS) were used to measure tumor oxygen status using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-transfected hypervascular human melanoma xenografts and their nontransfected counterparts as a model. NIH1286 human melanoma cells were transfected with a retroviral vector +/- a 720-bp fragment of human VEGF(121). High VEGF-producing clones were selected by ELISA. Oxygen consumption rate was measured in NIH1286/VEGF+ [VEGF-transfected cells (VEGF+ cells)] and NIH1286/Vec cells [cells transfected with vector alone (Vec cells)] using a standard Clark oxygen electrode. Athymic nude 6-8-week-old mice received s.c. injection in the right flank with 5 x 10(6) VEGF+ or Vec cells. When tumors were 10-14 mm in maximum dimension, serum was analyzed for VEGF by ELISA. Cryopreserved tumor tissue sections were immunostained for platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule, and MVD measurements were made. Tumor-bearing mice were anesthetized, and pO(2) measurements were made using Eppendorf pO(2) histograph or the recessed oxygen microelectrode. Tumor BF and BV were measured by quantitative analysis of DUS images. DLS was used to measure tumor BF and blood oxygen saturation variation. VEGF+ cell supernatants had 15,500 pg/ml VEGF, and Vec cells had 10 pg/ml. VEGF+ and Vec cells had equivalent oxygen consumption rates. VEGF+ tumors had a faster growth rate than Vec tumors. Serum from VEGF+ tumor-bearing mice showed 4,211 pg/ml VEGF, whereas VEGF was undetectable in the serum of control mice. MVD values were 74 +/- 11 in VEGF+ tumors and 39 +/- 4 in control tumors at x200 magnification/0.95-mm(2) area. The median pO(2) values were 3.5-fold higher in VEGF+ tumors than in Vec tumors by the recessed oxygen microelectrode and 18-fold higher by Eppendorf pO(2) histograph. DUS showed a 3.3-fold higher mean BF and a 5.5-fold higher BV in VEGF+ tumors than in Vec tumors. DLS showed a 3.2-fold higher mean BF and 1.7-fold higher oxygen saturation in the hypervascular tumors as compared with the control tumor type, consistent with increased BF and BV data by DUS. An integrated approach that yields a comprehensive and consistent profile of oxygen status in tumors could potentially provide critical information for prognosis and treatment.
Non-Redundant Selector and Growth-Promoting Functions of Two Sister Genes, buttonhead and Sp1, in Drosophila Leg Development

The radically distinct morphologies of arthropod and tetrapod legs argue that these appendages do not share a common evolutionary origin. Yet, despite dramatic differences in morphology, it has been known for some time that transcription factors encoded by the Distalless (Dll)/Dlx gene family play a critical role in the development of both structures. Here we show that a second transcription factor family encoded by the Sp8 gene family, previously implicated in vertebrate limb development, also plays an early and fundamental role in arthropod leg development. By simultaneously removing the function of two Sp8 orthologs, buttonhead (btd) and Sp1, during Drosophila embryogenesis, we find that adult leg development is completely abolished. Remarkably, in the absence of these factors, transformations from ventral to dorsal appendage identities are observed, suggesting that adult dorsal fates become derepressed when ventral fates are eliminated. Further, we show that Sp1 plays a much more important role in ventral appendage specification than btd and that Sp1 lies genetically upstream of Dll. In addition to these selector-like gene functions, Sp1 and btd are also required during larval stages for the growth of the leg. Vertebrate Sp8 can rescue many of the functions of the Drosophila genes, arguing that these activities have been conserved, despite more than 500 million years of independent evolution. These observations suggest that an ancient Sp8/Dlx gene cassette was used in an early metazoan for primitive limb-like outgrowths and that this cassette was co-opted multiple times for appendage formation in multiple animal phyla.
A Survey of Automatic Protocol Reverse Engineering Tools

Computer network protocols define the rules in which two entities communicate over a network of unique hosts. Many protocol specifications are unknown, unavailable, or minimally documented, which prevents thorough analysis of the protocol for security purposes. For example, modern botnets often use undocumented and unique application-layer communication protocols to maintain command and control over numerous distributed hosts. Inferring the specification of closed protocols has numerous advantages, such as intelligent deep packet inspection, enhanced intrusion detection system algorithms for communications, and integration with legacy software packages. The multitude of closed protocols coupled with existing time-intensive reverse engineering methodologies has spawned investigation into automated approaches for reverse engineering of closed protocols. This article summarizes and organizes previously presented automatic protocol reverse engineering tools by approach. Approaches that focus on reverse engineering the finite state machine of a target protocol are separated from those that focus on reverse engineering the protocol format.
Managing Schema Evolution in NoSQL Data Stores

NoSQL data stores are commonly schema-less, providing no means for globally defining or managing the schema. While this offers great flexibility in early stages of application development, developers soon can experience the heavy burden of dealing with increasingly heterogeneous data. This paper targets schema evolution for NoSQL data stores, the complex task of adapting and changing the implicit structure of the data stored. We discuss the recommendations of the developer community on handling schema changes, and introduce a simple, declarative schema evolution language. With our language, software developers and architects can systematically manage the evolution of their production data and perform typical schema maintenance tasks. We further provide a holistic NoSQL database programming language to define the semantics of our schema evolution language. Our solution does not require any modifications to the NoSQL data store, treating the data store as a black box. Thus, we want to address application developers that use NoSQL systems
The Human Anatomic Gene Expression Library (H-ANGEL), the H-Inv integrative display of human gene expression across disparate technologies and platforms

The Human Anatomic Gene Expression Library (H-ANGEL) is a resource for information concerning the anatomical distribution and expression of human gene transcripts. The tool contains protein expression data from multiple platforms that has been associated with both manually annotated full-length cDNAs from H-InvDB and RefSeq sequences. Of the H-Inv predicted genes, 18 897 have associated expression data generated by at least one platform. H-ANGEL utilizes categorized mRNA expression data from both publicly available and proprietary sources. It incorporates data generated by three types of methods from seven different platforms. The data are provided to the user in the form of a web-based viewer with numerous query options. H-ANGEL is updated with each new release of cDNA and genome sequence build. In future editions, we will incorporate the capability for expression data updates from existing and new platforms. H-ANGEL is accessible at http://www.jbirc. aist.go. jp/hinv/h-angel/.
Mortality reduction by vitamin D receptor activation in end-stage renal disease: a commentary on the robustness of current data.

BACKGROUND Debate exists about assumed mortality effects of the use of vitamin D receptor activators (VDRA) in haemodialysis patients. METHODS In the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), current knowledge comes from several large observational studies that examined the association between the use of VDRA and mortality. In these trials, modern but complicated statistical analysis has been performed, attempting to minimize potential bias of suboptimal study design. This complexity may lead to suspicion about study results, and for this reason these results may be discarded for everyday clinical practice. RESULTS In the current commentary, several crucial aspects of applied statistics are highlighted, attempting to aid practicing clinicians to properly weigh these study results in a balanced way. The difference between historical and retrospective cohort analysis is addressed, as well as the use of sensitivity analysis and propensity scores. The impact of confounding, mediation and effect modification for these studies on VDRA use is discussed. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the results from these studies appear quite robust and consistent. Furthermore, there is an increasing amount of data from experimental data suggesting mechanisms for observed beneficial effects. However, it must be kept in mind that VDRA can have adverse effects and that observational data can never replace RCTs.
Pharmacotherapeutic management of chronic noncancer pain in primary care: lessons for pharmacists

Purpose Describe the pharmacotherapeutic management of primary-care patients with chronic noncancer pain, assess their satisfaction with pain treatment, and identify the determinants of their satisfaction. Methods A cohort study was conducted in Quebec (Canada). Patients reporting chronic noncancer pain with an average pain intensity of at least 4 on a 0–10 scale (10= worst possible pain) and having an active analgesic prescription from a primary-care physician were recruited. They completed a telephone interview and a self-administered questionnaire to document their pain, emotional well-being, satisfaction with treatment, and barriers/beliefs/attitudes about pain and its treatment. Information on pharmacotherapy was based on an administrative provincial database and pharmacies’ charts. Determinants of patients’ satisfaction were identified using multivariate linear regression models. Results Four hundred and eighty six patients participated. Their mean age was 58.4 years and they had had pain for a mean of 11.7 years (standard deviation, ±11.1) at an average pain intensity of 6.5 in the past week. Although 90% reported adverse gastrointestinal effects, 36.4% and 54.4% of these patients took no over-the-counter or prescribed medication for constipation or nausea, respectively. On a scale from 0–100, the mean overall satisfaction score was 64.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] =63.5–65.9). Patient satisfaction was low, particularly regarding the “information about pain and its treatment” (mean 50.6; 95% CI =47.6–53.7) and “treatment efficacy” (mean 53.6; 95% CI =51.5–55.6) subscales. The overall treatment satisfaction score decreased with more pain disability, probable depression and anxiety, more barriers to pain treatment, higher incidence of nausea, and use of over-the-counter analgesics. Conclusion In primary care, patients’ level of satisfaction with their pain treatment is not optimal. This study underlines how the expanded scope of practice of community pharmacists may allow them to play a pivotal role in providing information, discussing barriers to pain treatment, and monitoring pain disability, and by appropriately managing pharmacotherapy to optimize effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects.
Stabilized Annotations for Mobile Remote Assistance

Recent mobile technology has provided new opportunities for creating remote assistance systems. However, mobile support systems present a particular challenge: both the camera and display are held by the user, leading to shaky video. When pointing or drawing annotations, this means that the desired target often moves, causing the gesture to lose its intended meaning. To address this problem, we investigate annotation stabilization techniques, which allow annotations to stick to their intended location. We studied two annotation systems, using three different forms of annotations, with both tablets and head-mounted displays. Our analysis suggests that stabilized annotations and head-mounted displays are only beneficial in certain situations. However, the simplest approach of automatically freezing video while drawing annotations was surprisingly effective in facilitating the completion of remote assistance tasks.
On the Origin of Cusps in Dark Matter Halos

Observed cusps with density profiles ρ ∝ r-1 or shallower in the central regions of galaxies cannot be reproduced in the standard cold dark matter picture of hierarchical clustering. Previous claims to the contrary were based on simulations with relatively few particles and substantial softening. We present simulations with particle numbers 1 order of magnitude higher and essentially no softening, and we show that typical central density profiles are clearly steeper than ρ ∝ r-1. The observed shallower profiles may have formed through the smoothing effect of the spiral-in of central black holes in previous merger phases. In addition, we confirm the presence of a temperature inversion in the inner 5 kpc of massive galactic halos and illustrate its formation as a natural result of the merging of unequal progenitors.