Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic Characterization of Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 25, a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with a Viral Plaque from the Pinna of a Dog

Simple Summary Papillomaviruses (PV) are known to cause a variety of skin lesions in dogs, including hyperplastic papillomas (warts) and viral plaques. There are currently 24 different PV types that are fully characterized in dogs. These PV types are divided into three genera. The Chipapillomavirus genus contains the largest number of canine papillomavirus (CPV) types. The Chipapillomaviruses are recognized to cause viral plaques in dogs. These plaques are usually multiple in nature and develop most frequently on the ventrum. In the present case, a dog developed a cluster of viral plaques that was confined to the concave surface of one pinna. Papillomaviral DNA was amplified and found to be a novel CPV type. As the novel type was the 25th PV identified in domestic dogs, the PV was designated CPV25. Many of the cells within the plaque showed PV-induced cell changes, suggesting that CPV25 was the cause of the plaques. As this is the first report of CPV25, this CPV type may rarely infect dogs and may be, at most, an uncommon cause of viral plaques in dogs. While further cases are required, CPV25 may cause canine viral plaques that develop at unusual locations and have atypical histological features. Abstract A 14-year-old West Highland White terrier dog developed multiple raised plaques that were confined to the concave surface of the right pinna. Histology allowed a diagnosis of viral plaque, although the lesions contained some unusual microscopic features. A papillomaviral (PV) DNA sequence was amplified from the plaque using consensus PCR primers. The amplified sequence was used as a template to design ‘outward facing’ PCR primers, which allowed amplification of the complete PV DNA sequence. The sequence was 7778 bp and was predicted to code for five early genes and two late genes. The ORF L1 showed the highest (83.9%) similarity to CPV15, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the novel PV clustered with the species 3 ChiPVs. The novel PV was designated as canine papillomavirus (CPV) type 25. As CPV25 was not previously detected in a canine viral plaque, this PV type may be a rare cause of skin disease in dogs. However, as plaques that remain confined to the pinna were not previously reported in dogs, it is possible that CPV25 could be more common in plaques from this area of skin. The findings from this case expand the number of PV types that cause disease in dogs. Evidence from this case suggests that, compared to the other canine ChiPV types, infection by CPV25 results in viral plaques in atypical locations with unusual histological features.
Surface analysis insight note: Straightforward concentration depth profiling by angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy using a Tikhonov regularization algorithm

Angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) is a technique used for depth‐dependent analysis in the near‐surface region of samples. Calculation of a concentration depth profile using ARXPS requires an inverse Laplace transform, which adds considerable complexity to the analysis. In this insight note, the Tikhonov regularization algorithm for depth profile reconstruction from ARXPS data is examined. The steps required to produce a concentration depth profile are provided. The discussion includes strategies that deal with elastic scattering, electron attenuation, choice of regularization terms and optimization of the regularization parameters. The method is implemented in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that allows users to calculate a depth profile for data collected at up to five angles for five different peak components.
Linear Segmented Arc-Shaped Piezoelectric Branch Beam Energy Harvester for Ultra-Low Frequency Vibrations

Piezoelectric energy harvesting systems have been drawing the attention of the research community over recent years due to their potential for recharging/replacing batteries embedded in low-power-consuming smart electronic devices and wireless sensor networks. However, conventional linear piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) are often not a viable solution in such advanced practices, as they suffer from a narrow operating bandwidth, having a single resonance peak present in the frequency spectrum and very low voltage generation, which limits their ability to function as a standalone energy harvester. Generally, the most common PEH is the conventional cantilever beam harvester (CBH) attached with a piezoelectric patch and a proof mass. This study investigated a novel multimode harvester design named the arc-shaped branch beam harvester (ASBBH), which combined the concepts of the curved beam and branch beam to improve the energy-harvesting capability of PEH in ultra-low-frequency applications, in particular, human motion. The key objectives of the study were to broaden the operating bandwidth and enhance the harvester’s effectiveness in terms of voltage and power generation. The ASBBH was first studied using the finite element method (FEM) to understand the operating bandwidth of the harvester. Then, the ASBBH was experimentally assessed using a mechanical shaker and real-life human motion as excitation sources. It was found that ASBBH achieved six natural frequencies within the ultra-low frequency range (<10 Hz), in comparison with only one natural frequency achieved by CBH within the same frequency range. The proposed design significantly broadened the operating bandwidth, favouring ultra-low-frequency-based human motion applications. In addition, the proposed harvester achieved an average output power of 427 μW at its first resonance frequency under 0.5 g acceleration. The overall results of the study demonstrated that the ASBBH design can achieve a broader operating bandwidth and significantly higher effectiveness, in comparison with CBH.
Exploring the Potential of Plant-Based CTB-INS Oral Vaccines in Treating Type 1 Diabetes

The 19th century saw the development of vaccines, which were biological preparations designed to enhance immunity against specific diseases. Edible vaccines function by stimulating both systemic and mucosal immune responses against foreign pathogens, and they may potentially protect the host from autoimmunity. The mucosal surfaces provide a convenient and rapid route for delivering therapeutic small molecules. This is due to their large surface areas and easy administration. The effectiveness of mucosal immunization relies on the fact that mucous membranes represent the body’s largest immunogenic organ. Within this interface, there is a well-organized lymphatic structure known as MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue), which includes both T and B cells and encompasses the adaptive arms of the immune system. Oral vaccines specifically stimulate immune responses in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which consists of lymph nodes, Payer’s patches (where B cells make up about 75% of the population and T cells account for approximately 20%), and isolated lymphoid follicles within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, a significant challenge in developing vaccines is the rapid degradation of antigens within the harsh environment of the digestive tract, which hampers effective protein delivery to the GIT. In light of recent proteomic analysis revealing strong up-regulation of the tryptophan catabolic enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO1) in DCs inoculated with the Cholera toxin B-subunit-Insulin fusion protein vaccine (CTB-INS), we are interested in investigating the effects of transgene integration into a selected plant cell as an edible vaccine.
Perceived Stress among Healthcare Students and Its Association with Anxiety and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

Introduction. Healthcare students are subjected to high-stress levels due to different academic, social, and financial stressors. Persistent and severe stress might predispose students to depression and anxiety. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the level of perceived stress among healthcare students and its relation to anxiety and depression. Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire was conducted among healthcare students in Saudi Arabia. The 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to evaluate perceived stress, and depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). All statistical analyses were carried out using PSPP Statistical Analysis Software version 1.2. 0. Results. A total of 701 respondents participated in this study. The average age of the students was 20.9 years old, and 59.3% were female. Almost three-quarters of students perceive themselves as stressed. Around two-thirds were categorized as having borderline/cases of depression or anxiety. Perceived stress was four times more likely among students with cases of anxiety [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.83; 95% CI 2.89, 8.06], depression [AOR = 4.79; 95% CI 2.68, 8.53] as compared with those without these conditions. Conclusions. Stress is highly prevalent among healthcare students, and it is strongly associated with female gender and students’ anxiety and depression. Therefore, the mental health of healthcare students is an essential factor affecting perceived stress and at-risk individuals. Therefore, preventative mental health interventions targeting healthcare students are necessary to help improve mental health and cope with stressors in academic education.
Optical Calibration of Holographic Acoustic Tweezers

Recently, acoustic tweezers based on an array of ultrasonic transducers have been reported taking inspiration from holographic optical tweezers. In the latter technique, the calibration of the optical trap is an essential procedure to obtain the trap stiffnesses. On the contrary, in the case of acoustic tweezers the calibration of the acoustic forces is seldom carried out. To cover this gap, in this work, we adapt the calibration protocols employed in optical tweezers to acoustic tweezers based on arrays of ultrasonic transducers. We measure trap stiffnesses in the mN/m range that are consistent with theoretical estimates obtained by calculations of the acoustic radiation forces based on the Gor’kov potential. This work gives a common framework to the optical and acoustic manipulation communities, paving the way to a consistent calibration of hybrid acoustooptical setups.
SINGLE SERVER RETRIAL QUEUES WITH SECOND OPTIONAL SERVICE UNDER ERLANG SERVICES

Consider a single server retrial queueing system in which customers arrive in a Poisson process with arrival rate λ. In this model the server provides two types of service namely Essential Service and Second Optional Service. The Essential service will be given to all customers through k-phases whereas the Second optional service is extended only to those optional customers as a single phase if they demand. The essential service time has Erlang-k distribution with service rate kμ1 for each phase. The second optional service has only one phase in it and the service time of second optional service follows an exponential distribution with parameter μ2. If the server is free at the time of a primary call arrival, the arriving call begins to be served in Phase 1of the essential service phase immediately by the server then progresses through the remaining phases and must complete the last phase and after completion of this essential service, this customer either demands a second optional service with probability p or leaves the system with probability (1-p) before the next customer enters the first phase of the essential service. If the server is busy, then the arriving customer goes to orbit and becomes a source of repeated calls. We assume that the access from orbit to the service facility is governed by the classical retrial policy. This model is solved by using Matrix geometric Technique. Numerical studies have been done for Analysis of Mean number of customers in the orbit (MNCO),Truncation level (OCUT),Probability of server free and busy for various values of λ , μ1 , μ2 , p , k and σ. KEYWORDS : Retrial queue - second optional service - classical retrial policy- Matrix Geometric Method 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification 60K25 65K30
Adnexal Torsion in Adolescents – a Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Centre in Latvia

Objective - To review the data of cases of adnexal torsion in the paediatric population in a national level centre in Latvia and examine the pitfalls of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Methods - A retrospective review of medical records was performed on 61 cases of suspected and/or confirmed adnexal torsion in a national level paediatric centre.Results - In 85.5% of cases the initial diagnosis was made correctly. The age of the patient was a significant contributor to a shorter time until surgery (P=0.016). Abdominal pain was the most common symptom (90.6%), followed by nausea (58.5%) and vomiting (52.8%). Only 62.3% of the torsion patients had an elevated WBC and 69.4% had no elevated body temperature. The shorter the duration of symptoms, the more likely it was that the organ salvage procedure was performed (P=0.021). The sensitivity of ultrasound for the correct diagnosis was 71.4%. In almost a third of the torsion cases, no pelvic lesion was detected on ultrasound (26.5%). When ultrasound suspected torsion, the time before operation was significantly shorter (P<0.001), the presence of blood flow in the ovary extended the time until surgery (P=0.026). Organ-sparing surgery was performed in 73.6% of the cases.Conclusion - Medical professionals should not exclude the diagnosis of adnexal torsion in the absence of fever or leucocytosis, as well as in the case of normal adnexa on ultrasound. A delay in surgery increases the risk of irreversible ischemic damage leading to organ loss.
Generalized Functional Observer for Descriptor Nonlinear Systems—A Takagi-Sugeno Approach

This paper concerns the design of a generalized functional observer for Takagi–Sugeno descriptor systems. Furthermore, a generalized structure is herein introduced for purposes of estimating linear functions of the states of descriptor nonlinear systems represented into a Takagi–Sugeno descriptor form. The originality of the functional generalized observer structure is that it provides additional degrees of freedom in the observer design, which allows for improvements in the estimation against parametric uncertainties. The effectiveness of the developed design is illustrated by a nonlinear model of a single link robotic arm with a flexible link. A comparison between the functional generalized observer and the functional proportional observer is given to demonstrate the observer performances.
Study of Disease Dynamics of Co-infection of Rotavirus and Malaria with Control Strategies

This paper proposes a model that addresses the interaction and dynamics of malaria and rotavirus co-infection. The model incorporates various epidemiological and biological features of both the malaria and rotavirus. The mode of transmission of both the diseases is different as malaria is vector borne disease causing infection through infected arthropod and rotavirus is a contagious virus causing diarrhoea by the inflammation of intestines and stomach. It is being assumed in the model that humans are susceptible to malaria and rotavirus simultaneously. It is further assumed that the recovered population, whether naturally or through treatment is prone to the infection again. The co-infection dynamics of diseases is studied with different control measures in the form of treatments to both human and vector compartments. In order to visualize the effect of diverse control strategies, we studied three models, that is, one, in the absence of malaria disease, second, in the absence of rotavirus disease and third, for co-infection of both the diseases. To understand the dynamics of co-infection, the stability analysis of the full model for disease-free equilibrium and the threshold value, which is, the basic reproduction number is calculated. Bifurcation analysis is performed for full co-infection model along with that of malaria-only model. Both rotavirus-only model and malaria-only models are found to be globally asymptotically stable at disease-free equilibrium. Sensitivity indices have been calculated to study the effect of model parameters on the basic reproduction number. Results are illustrated with numerical simulation.
Image segmentation and research on virus propagation method based on Unet algorithm

To investigate the propagation performance of the improved Unet network technology in the recognition and segmentation of hemorrhagic regions in brain CT images. Methods A total of 476 brain CT images of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively included. The improved Unet network was used to identify and segment the hemorrhagic areas of the patients' brain CT images. Clinicians manually marked the image data of the hemorrhagic areas. 430 pieces of data from 106 patients were selected to enter the training set, and 46 pieces of data from 11 patients were entered into the test set. After the experimental data set was enhanced by data, it underwent network training and model testing to determine the virus cell spreading performance, and segmented the results. Comparison with Unet network, FCN-8s and Unet++ network. Results In the segmentation of the hemorrhagic region of brain CT images by the improved Unet network, the three evaluation indexes of similarity coefficient, forward prediction coefficient and sensitivity coefficient reached 0.8738, 0.901 1 and 0.864 8 respectively, which were improved respectively compared with FCN-8s network. 8.80%, 7.14% and 8.96%, which are 4.56%, 4.44% and 4.15% higher than the Unet network respectively.
HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND FOR TUMOR TREATMENT

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can raise the temperature of abnormal tissue to over 70℃ within a few milliseconds, which results in coagulation necrosis of abnormal tissues. This is a noninvasive and effective approach with great potential for the treatment of tumors. Experimental HIFU research on animals, clinical applications and therapeutic systems are reviewed and current problems are analyzed. Further application prospects are forecast.
Can the Substitution of Milk with Plant-Based Drinks Affect Health-Related Markers? A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Studies in Adults

The consumption of plant-based drinks (PBDs) in substitution for cow’s milk (CM) is increasing due to concerns for human and planet health and animal welfare. The present review aims to analyze the main findings from intervention trials investigating the effect of PBDs in comparison with CM on markers of human health. Suitable articles published up to July 2022 were sourced from PubMed and Scopus databases. A total of 29 papers were collected, with 27 focusing on soy drinks (1 of which also evaluated the effects of an almond drink), while only 2 focused on rice drinks. Among studies focused on soy drinks, the most investigated factors were anthropometric parameters (n = 13), the lipid profile (n = 8), markers of inflammation and/or oxidative stress (n = 7), glucose and insulin responses (n = 6) and blood pressure (n = 4). Despite some evidence of a beneficial effect of PBDs, especially for the lipid profile, it was not possible to draw any overall conclusions due to some conflicting results. As well as the low number of studies, a wide heterogeneity was found in terms of the characteristics of subjects, duration and markers, which reduces the strength of the available results. In conclusion, further studies are needed to better elucidate the effects of substituting CM with PBDs, especially in the long term.
Enhancement Effects and Mechanism Studies of Two Bismuth-Based Materials Assisted by DMSO and Glycerol in GC-Rich PCR

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has extensive bioanalytical applications in molecular diagnostics and genomic research studies for rapid detection and precise genomic amplification. Routine integrations for analytical workflow indicate certain limitations, including low specificity, efficiency, and sensitivity in conventional PCR, particularly towards amplifying high guanine–cytosine (GC) content. Further, there are many ways to enhance the reaction, for example, using different PCR strategies such as hot-start/touchdown PCR or adding some special modifications or additives such as organic solvents or compatible solutes, which can improve PCR yield. Due to the widespread use of bismuth-based materials in biomedicine, which have not yet been used for PCR optimization, this attracts our attention. In this study, two bismuth-based materials that are inexpensive and readily available were used to optimize GC-rich PCR. The results demonstrated that ammonium bismuth citrate and bismuth subcarbonate effectively enhanced PCR amplification of the GNAS1 promoter region (∼84% GC) and APOE (75.5% GC) gene of Homo sapiens mediated by Ex Taq DNA polymerase within the appropriate concentration range. Combining DMSO and glycerol additives was critical in obtaining the target amplicons. Thus, the solvents mixed with 3% DMSO and 5% glycerol were used in bismuth-based materials. That allowed for better dispersion of bismuth subcarbonate. As for the enhanced mechanisms, the surface interaction of PCR components, including Taq polymerase, primer, and products with bismuth-based materials, was maybe the main reason. The addition of materials can reduce the melting temperature (Tm), adsorb polymerase and modulate the amount of active polymerase in PCR, facilize the dissociation of DNA products, and enhance the specificity and efficiency of PCR. This work provided a class of candidate enhancers for PCR, deepened our understanding of the enhancement mechanisms of PCR, and also explored a new application field for bismuth-based materials.
A Tri-Mode Reconfigurable Receiver for GNSS/NB-IoT/BLE With 68-dB HR3 and 60-dB IMRR in 28-nm CMOS

In this article, a 0.7–2.5-GHz tri-mode reconfigurable receiver (RX) for global navigation satellite system (GNSS)/narrow band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT)/Bluetooth low energy (BLE) applications is realized targeting one chip capability of integrating both wide area network (WAN) and local area network (LAN) protocols as well as positioning characteristics in 28-nm CMOS process with a compact core area of 1.7 mm<sup>2</sup>. By applying the proposed variable gain wideband active balun-low noise amplifier (LNA), the RX achieves minimum noise figure (NF) of 2.8 dB with the power consumption of 43 mW. The harmonic rejection (HR) method suppresses the signal interference caused by ON-chip coupling. 68-dB 3rd HR ratio (HR3) is achieved with only one-stage HR circuit. The mismatch between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channel and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channel may limit the image rejection of the complex bandpass filter (CBPF). Detailed mathematical analysis of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I/Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> calibration circuit is provided. Owing to the virtual short characteristic of the amplifier, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I/Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> calibration scheme achieves a high-precision phase calibration. About 60-dB image rejection ratio (IMRR) is obtained after calibration.