Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation of Maillard Reaction Products in Aged Sorghum Vinegar during Ageing and Protective Effects of Pure Vinegar Melanoidin Against CCl4-Induced Rat Hepatic Damage

SUMMARY Research background The processing method generally affects the toxicity and biological activity of aged sorghum vinegar. This study investigates the changes in the intermediate Maillard reaction products of sorghum vinegar during ageing and the in vivo hepatoprotective effects of pure melanoidin obtained from it. Experimental approach High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence spectrophotometry were utilized to quantify intermediate Maillard reaction products. The CCl4-induced liver damage in rats was used to evaluate the protective role of pure melanoidin in rat liver. Results and conclusions Compared with the initial concentration, the 18-month ageing process caused a 1.2- to 3.3-fold increase in the concentrations of intermediate Maillard reaction products, i.e. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 5-methylfurfural (MF), methyglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The concentrations of HMF in the aged sorghum vinegar were 6.1-fold higher than the 450 μM limit standard for honey, implying the need for shortening the ageing of the vinegar in practice for safety concerns. Pure melanoidin (Mr>3.5 kDa) demonstrated significant protective effects against CCl4-induced rat liver damage, as evidenced by normalized serum biochemical parameters (transaminases and total bilirubin), suppressing hepatic lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, as well as increasing glutathione amount and restoring antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathological analysis revealed that melanoidin in vinegar reduced cell infiltration and vacuolar hepatocyte necrosis in rat liver. The findings demonstrated that a shortened ageing process should be considered in practice to ensure the safety of aged sorghum vinegar. Vinegar melanoidin is a potential alternative for the prevention of hepatic oxidative damage. Novelty and scientific contribution This study demonstrates that the manufacturing process had a profound influence on the generation of vinegar intermediate Maillard reaction products. In particular, it revealed the in vivo hepatoprotective effect of pure melanoidin from aged sorghum vinegar, and provides insight into the in vivo biological activity of melanoidin.
The Search for Microbial Manganese Reduction in Two Antarctic Lakes , Lake Hoare and Lake Fryxell

Measurements, including temperature and oxygen, were made to establish the water column profiles for two Antarctic lakes. Several incubations with concentrated lake water and particulate manganese oxides were set up from each lake. Samples were taken at various times during the incubation and measured for soluble manganese concentration to determine if manganese reduction was occurring. Manganese reduction was not observed in the incubations from Lake Hoare. Water concentrated from 9 to 9.5 meters in Lake Fryxell did show some reduction when amended with nutrients. Also, at various depths throughout the water columns, water samples were used to inoculate minimal media plates overlaid with manganese oxides and R2A plates. Colonies were only observed on a few of the manganese overlay plates, none of which reduced manganese. More growth was seen on the R2A plates where colonies were observed for approximately half of the depths sampled at Lake Hoare and most of the depths at Lake Fryxell. The colonies that grew on R2A plates were transferred to manganese overlay plates to test their ability to reduce manganese. Five of the organisms from Lake Hoare and twentynine from Lake Fryxell were identified as possible manganese reducers.
The formation of vortex rings

Vortex rings are usually formed by a brief discharge of fluid from an orifice. In previous investigations, the geometry of the vortex generator has varied greatly from one experiment to another, with important consequences for the ensuing flow. The present work categorizes the generating conditions for vortex rings and classifies the conditions under which a given vortex generator produces either an initially laminar ring, which may or may not undergo instability and transition to turbulence, or an initially turbulent ring. A particularly simple vortex generator was devised and measurements were carried out to provide systematic data over a range of the important dimensionless parameters. The results of this survey are used to construct a transition map that reveals a reasonably well defined boundary separating vortex rings that are turbulent upon formation from those that are not. High‐speed cinephotography of the formation and evolution of turbulent vortex rings suggests a possible connection between th.
COSMIC PHOTON AND POSITRON SPECTRA MEASUREMENTS MODELLING WITH THE AMS-02 DETECTOR AT ISS

The results of the MC feasibility study of the AMS-02 Detector cosmic-ray γ and e+ spectra measurement capabilities are presented. AMS will be able to provide accurate measurements of the above spectra in a broad energy range (up to hundreds of GeV) with energy resolution of a few percent and angular resolution of 0.01-1°. The acceptance of 0.05-0.15 m2sr has been estimated both for e+ and γ, with maximal opening angle being 20° to 45°. The systematic study of the background events has been done, the irreducible background to signal ratio below a few percent being obtained.
LUCIFER1 commissioning at the LBT

LUCIFER 1 is the rst of two identical camera-spectrograph units installed at the LBT (Large Binocular Telescope) on Mount Graham in Arizona. Its commissioning took place between September 2008 and November 2009 and has immediately been followed by science operations since December 2009. LUCIFER has a 4x4 arcminute eld of view. It is equipped with a 2048x2048 pixel HAWAII-2 array, suitable lters (broad-band z, J, H, K & Ks plus 12 medium and narrow band near-infrared lters) and three gratings for spectroscopy for a resolution of up to 15000. LUCIFER has 3 cameras: two specic for seeing limited imaging (the N3.75 camera, with 0.12"/pixel) and spectroscopy (the N1.8 camera, with 0.25"/pixel) and one for diraction limited observations (the N30 camera). We report here about the completed seeing-limited commissioning, thus using only two of the cameras.
Diffusion Weighted Whole Body Imaging with Background Body Signal Suppression (DWIBS) Was Useful for the Diagnosis and Follow-up of Giant Cell Arteritis

A 66-year-old woman with symptoms of fatigue and headache was diagnosed with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) revealed the strong accumulation of FDG in the descending aorta, abdominal aorta, bilateral subclavian artery, and total iliac artery. Diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) showed signal enhancement at the descending aorta and abdominal aorta. We repeated FDG-PET and DWIBS 2 months after the initiation of therapy with prednisolone. In line with the FDG-PET findings, the signal enhancement of the aortic wall completely vanished on DWIBS. DWIBS may be a novel useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of GCA treatment.
Regression analysis of multivariate incomplete failure time data by modeling marginal distributions

Abstract Many survival studies record the times to two or more distinct failures on each subject. The failures may be events of different natures or may be repetitions of the same kind of event. In this article, we consider the regression analysis of such multivariate failure time observations. Each marginal distribution of the failure times is formulated by a Cox proportional hazards model. No specific structure of dependence among the distinct failure times on each subject is imposed. The regression parameters in the Cox models are estimated by maximizing the failure-specific partial likelihoods. The resulting estimators are shown to be asymptotically jointly normal with a covariance matrix that can be consistently estimated. Simultaneous inferential procedures are then proposed. Extensive Monte Carlo studies indicate that the normal approximation is adequate for practical use. The new methods allow time-dependent covariates, missing observations, and arbitrary patterns of censorship. They are illustrat.
Electron spin relaxation control in single electron QDs

So far, all reviews and control approaches of spin relaxation have been done on lateral single electron quantum dots. In such structures, many efforts have been done, in order to eliminate spin-lattice relaxation, to obtain equal Rashba and linear Dresselhaus parameters. But, ratio of these parameters can be adjustable up to 0.7 in a material like GaAs under high- electric field magnitudes. In this article we have proposed a single electron QD structure, where confinements in all of three directions are considered to be almost identical. In this case the effect of cubic Dresselhaus interaction will have a significant amount, which undermines the linear effect of Dresselhaus while it was destructive in lateral QDs. Then it enhances the ratio of the Rashba and Dresselhaus parameters in the proposed structure as much as required and decreases the spin states up and down mixing and the deviation angle from the net spin-down As a result to the least possible value.
Ultra-low limit of luminescent detection of gossypol by terbium(III)-based metal-organic framework.

The widespread use of gossypol-containing animal feed and cottonseed oil poses a great threat to water quality and livestock and human health, and there is an urgent need for a sensor for the rapid detection of trace amounts of gossypol in aqueous solutions and cottonseed oil. As a result, an unprecedented three-dimensional metal-organic framework sensor based on terbium(III) and a flexible ligand 4-(3,5-dicarboxyphenoxy)isophthalic acid (H4L) was developed. Tb-MOF, {[Tb(H2O)(HL)]·0.5MeCN·0.25 H2O}n, is highly stable in water and polar organic solvents and exhibits terbium-centered luminescence with 44% quantum yield. Suspensions of MOF in water and ethanol demonstrate a luminescence quenching response to cotton phytotoxicant gossypol with an unprecedented low detection limit of 0.76 nM and 1.89 nM, correspondingly, without interference from the components of cottonseed oil and blood plasma, making it suitable for the detection and determination of gossypol in real-life water and oil samples. Significantly, Tb-MOF is the first highly efficient sensor that uses water as a solvent to detect trace amounts of gossypol, and it can visualize and quantify gossypol in edible-grade cottonseed oil as well, which proves its great potential for practical application. In addition, Tb-MOF exhibited a detection limit for Fe3+ (0.23 μM) among the lowest reported for lanthanide-based MOFs in aqueous solutions so far.
Tweeting for Latinos? Legislative Communication in the 115th U.S. House of Representatives

Abstract This article explores whether legislators in the U.S. House of Representatives talk about the issues important to Latinos on Twitter. Other work has emphasized the importance of descriptive representation for the substantive advancement of the interests of minority constituents. Building on that work, I argue that Latino legislators are more likely than their non-Latino peers to discuss issues important to the Latino community. In addition, given majoritarian constraints and work showing how minority legislators are marginalized in the legislative process, I argue that minority legislators – Latinos included – are more likely to post symbolic messages than their colleagues because they are not able to change the status quo and advance the interests of their co-ethnic/racial constituents. I explore these hypotheses using data collected from the Twitter profiles of members of the 115th U.S. House of Representatives. After accounting for other factors, I find that Latino legislators are more likely to post about immigration and Hurricane Maria during the 115th Congress. I also find that Latino legislators are more likely to post symbolic messages when communicating with the public. Both of these findings corroborate the notion of minority distinctiveness and add to our understanding of Latino representation, minority behavior, and legislative communication.
FAR-ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATION OF THE AQUILA RIFT WITH FIMS/SPEAR

We present the results of far ultraviolet (FUV) observations of the broad region around the Aquila Rift including the Galactic plane. As compared with various wavelength data sets, dust scattering is found to be the major origin of the diffuse FUV continuum in this region. The FUV intensity clearly correlates with the dust extinction level for E(B − V) < 0.2, while this correlation disappears for E(B − V) > 0.2 due to heavy dust extinction combined with the effect of nonuniform interstellar radiation fields. The FUV intensity also correlates well with Hα intensity, implying that at least some fraction of the observed Hα emission could be the dust-scattered light of Hα photons originating elsewhere in the Galaxy. Most of the Aquila Rift region is seen devoid of diffuse FUV continuum due to heavy extinction while strong emission is observed in the surrounding regions. Molecular hydrogen fluorescent emission lines are clearly seen in the spectrum of “Aquila-Serpens,” while “Aquila-East” does not show any apparent line features. CO emission intensity is also found to be higher in the “Aquila-Serpens” region than in the “Aquila-East” region. In this regard, we note that regions of star formation have been found in “Aquila-Serpens” but not in “Aquila-East. ”
Hopf Fibration of Eleven-dimensional Supergravity

The authors show that all known solutions of the N=2 non-chiral d=10 supergravity theory can, by a simple procedure, be obtained from the known Freund-Rubin type solutions of D=11 supergravity. This is a consequence of the fact that each solution of the d=10 theory depends crucially on the presence of a topologically non-trivial U(1) field strength Fmn. The mass spectrum of a particular d=10 solution is obtained by truncating the spectrum of the corresponding d=11 solution to the subset of fields neutral under the non-trivial U(1) symmetry. They investigate the compactification on CP3, and show that this yields a theory with N=6 or N=0 supersymmetry according to the orientation, and they relate this to the S7 compactification of d=11 supergravity. Starting from the squashed S7 in d=11 they derive a new solution of the d=10 theory, namely (AdS)4 times CP3 with a squashed non-Einstein metric. The supersymmetry is either N=1 or N=0 depending on the orientation. They conjecture that none of the supergravity theories in 4<d<10 dimensions obtained from d=11 by dimensional reduction admit non-trivial compactifications to four dimensions.
A deep attention based approach for predictive maintenance applications in IoT scenarios

PurposeThe recent innovations of Industry 4.0 have made it possible to easily collect data related to a production environment. In this context, information about industrial equipment – gathered by proper sensors – can be profitably used for supporting predictive maintenance (PdM) through the application of data-driven analytics based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Although deep learning (DL) approaches have proven to be a quite effective solutions to the problem, one of the open research challenges remains – the design of PdM methods that are computationally efficient, and most importantly, applicable in real-world internet of things (IoT) scenarios, where they are required to be executable directly on the limited devices’ hardware.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors propose a DL approach for PdM task, which is based on a particular and very efficient architecture. The major novelty behind the proposed framework is to leverage a multi-head attention (MHA) mechanism to obtain both high results in terms of remaining useful life (RUL) estimation and low memory model storage requirements, providing the basis for a possible implementation directly on the equipment hardware.FindingsThe achieved experimental results on the NASA dataset show how the authors’ approach outperforms in terms of effectiveness and efficiency the majority of the most diffused state-of-the-art techniques.Research limitations/implicationsA comparison of the spatial and temporal complexity with a typical long-short term memory (LSTM) model and the state-of-the-art approaches was also done on the NASA dataset. Despite the authors’ approach achieving similar effectiveness results with respect to other approaches, it has a significantly smaller number of parameters, a smaller storage volume and lower training time.Practical implicationsThe proposed approach aims to find a compromise between effectiveness and efficiency, which is crucial in the industrial domain in which it is important to maximize the link between performance attained and resources allocated. The overall accuracy performances are also on par with the finest methods described in the literature.Originality/valueThe proposed approach allows satisfying the requirements of modern embedded AI applications (reliability, low power consumption, etc.), finding a compromise between efficiency and effectiveness.
Localization of liver lesions in abdominal CT imaging: I. Correlation of human observer performance between anatomical and uniform backgrounds

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between human observer performance for localization of small low contrast lesions within uniform water background versus an anatomical liver background, under the conditions of varying dose, lesion size, and reconstruction algorithm. Liver lesions (5 mm, 7 mm, and 9 mm, contrast: −21 HU) were digitally inserted into CT projection data of ten normal patients in vessel-free liver regions. Noise was inserted into the projection data to create three image sets: full dose and simulated half and quarter doses. Images were reconstructed with a standard filtered back projection (FBP) and an iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm. Lesion and noise insertion procedures were repeated with water phantom data. Two-dimensional regions of interest (66 lesion-present, 34 lesion-absent) were selected, randomized, and independently reviewed by three medical physicists to identify the most likely location of the lesion and provide a confidence score. Locations and confidence scores were assessed using the area under the localization receiver operating characteristic curve (AzLROC). We examined the correlation between human performance for the liver and uniform water backgrounds as dose, lesion size, and reconstruction algorithm varied. As lesion size or dose increased, reader localization performance improved. For full dose IR images, the AzLROC for 5, 7, and 9 mm lesions were 0.53, 0.91, and 0.97 (liver) and 0.51, 0.96, and 0.99 (uniform water), respectively. Similar trends were seen with other parameters. Performance values for liver and uniform backgrounds were highly correlated for both reconstruction algorithms, with a Spearman correlation of ρ = 0.97, and an average difference in AzLROC of 0.05 ± 0.04. For the task of localizing low contrast liver lesions, human observer performance was highly correlated between anatomical and uniform backgrounds, suggesting that lesion localization studies emulating a clinical test of liver lesion detection can be performed using a uniform background.
Low-resistant and high-transparent Ru/Ni ohmic contact on p-type GaN

We report a low-resistant and high-transparent Ru-based ohmic contact on p-type GaN through oxidation annealing under O2 atmosphere. A low resistivity of 4.5×10−5 Ω cm2 and high light transmittance (84.6%) were simultaneously obtained from oxidized Ru (50 A)/Ni (50 A) contact. The RuO2 formed on p-type GaN played a role in reducing the effective Schottky barrier height for injection of holes and NiO layer produced on the RuO2 acted as a diffusion barrier for the outdiffusion of released Ga and N atoms, resulting in the reduction of the contact resistivity as well as the enhancement of light transmission.
A Bilinear N-Soliton Formula for the KP Equation

We consider the new derivations of the bilinear N -soliton solutions for the KP (two dimensional KdV) equation which utilize the Jacobi formula of the matrix algebra. The periodic waves of explode-decay type are shown to be derived easily in the present approach. It is shown that physically important several other nonlinear equations can be cast into our present form of “four-operators” bilinear equation.
Theory of long-wavelength optical lattice vibrations in multinary mixed crystals: Application to group-III nitride alloys

The optical lattice vibrations in multinary mixed crystals are investigated in the long-wavelength limit based on the pseudo-unit-cell approach and the Born-Huang procedure. A general equation for calculating the optical phonon frequencies in multinary mixed crystals is presented. The analytical expressions of phonon oscillator strength and dielectric constants of the multinary mixed crystal are obtained as functions of the phonon frequencies. The composition dependence of the oscillator strength shows clearly the phonon-mode behavior of the mixed crystals. As an application of our theory, a group of III-nitride mixed crystals is taken into numerical calculation. The concentration dependences of optical-phonon energy, lattice oscillator strength, and dielectric constants of the crystals are calculated in the whole compound range. It is found that the quaternary Al v In x Ga 1 - x - y N mixed crystal shows a two-mode behavior.
Improving ThaiLabanXML Standard for the Automatic Thai Laban Drag & Drop System

Thai dance has a long history in Southeast Asia. Preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage is a challenging task that requires the use of a combination of technologies to record and represent the dance as a three-dimensional human figure. The Labanotation System had been used to record many kinds of dances such as the Thai dance. To represent the Thai dance as a 3D animation based on Thai Laban Scores, the first version of ThaiDanceXML standard was developed to convert the data manually from Human-Readable data to Machine-Readable data. There are some issues occurred such as the human error regarding reading Thai Laban scores and writing ThaiLabanXML. Hence, a Thai Laban Drag & Drop system has been created to reduce such issues and to assist the notator to write Laban scores by displaying the movements in a 3D human figure animation. Therefore, a new version of the ThaiLabanXML standard must be improved to support the Thai Laban Drag & Drop system. This paper is focusing on improving the ThaiLabanXML standard to support the automatic Thai Laban Drag & Drop system in order to write Thai Laban scores and represent the Thai dance movement in 3D animation.
A statistical approach to determining the number density of random scatterers from backscattered pulses

This paper describes a method of using the statistical character of the waveform backscattered from random scatterers to estimate the scatterer number density. The moments of the probability density function of the backscattered intensity depend on the scatterer number density. Expressions exist for these moments in terms of the number of scatterers contributing to the echo signal. These expressions can give an estimate for the scatterer number density, provided the resolution cell size of the backscattering configuration is known, and provided the number of scatterers in the resolution cell is small. This latter constraint is equivalent to a requirement that the statistics of the return signal envelope deviate significantly from a Rayleigh distribution. The validity of these expressions is investigated by analyzing the acoustic waveform backscattered from a randomized volume distribution of polystyrene spheres suspended in water when insonified by a short acoustic pulse. Experimentally, the second‐order .