Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Physical and Psychosocial Health of Older Adults in Saudi Arabia through Walking: Comparison between Supervised Group-Based and Non-Supervised Individual-Based Walking

Walking is widely recognized as one of the most common and effective forms of physical activity, particularly for older adults. This study examined the comparative effects of two types of walking interventions, including supervised group-based intervention (SGBI) and non-supervised individual-based intervention (NSIBI), on frailty syndrome, cognitive functions or skills, and health-related quality of life among sedentary older Saudi individuals. A 15-week double-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) including three groups (two were intervention groups while the other was the control group) was conducted among older adults who were inactive to examine the effect of different forms of walking interventions on frailty syndrome, cognitive functions, and health-related quality of life. A total of 107 participants, including 65 males and 42 females, were divided into three groups, which include SGBI, NSIBI, and the control group. Frailty syndrome was measured using the physical performance test (PPT), while cognitive function and health-related quality of life were assessed using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Short Form 36 (SF 36) health survey questionnaire. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the pre- and post-tests were performed for within- and between-group differences. while post-test data for the control group participants were absent due to the change in elderly center regulation, and they were excluded from the analysis. Hence, the comparison was stated only between the intervention groups. Both of the intervention groups (SGBI and NSIBI) showed significant within-subject differences in the Physical Function subscale of the health-related quality of life scale only, with F(1,20) = 23.03, p < 0.001, and F(1,18) = 27.22, p < 0.001, respectively. On the other hand, the Physical Performance Test revealed significant [F(2,51) = 9.21, p < 0.001] between-group differences in the post-test based on the baseline values. In addition, the average step count of older adults was increased from 4000 steps per session to around 7000 steps per session in the intervention group. The average heart rate of the NSIBI group did not show a visible change, and the resting heart rate of both groups showed a slightly declining trend throughout the intervention period. The walking intervention significantly increased participants’ physical function, which is a component of health-related quality of life and physical performance (frailty level), along with average daily step counts for older adults in Saudi Arabia. Regular engagement in the recommended level of walking is strongly advisable for Saudi Arabian older adults to maintain their overall quality of life at this stage.
Berwickshire's disappearing scarce plants

As part of a larger project to repeat-record the v.c. of Berwickshire as a whole, a sample of 162 populations of locally rare and scarce species recorded between 1987 and 1995 were re-surveyed between 2007 and 2009. Of these 120 have probably survived and 42 appear to have been lost. This equates to a loss of 16% a decade. The sample excludes certain mobile species as no valid method was available to match losses against recent colonisation. The causes of the losses is analysed and change in the flora is discussed more generally by broad habitat. Comparison is made with other studies and conclusions are drawn regarding future recording.
Orientation and self‐calibration of ALOS PRISM imagery

High‐resolution satellite images (HRSI) at sub‐5 m footprint are becoming increasingly available. A set of algorithms for processing of HRSI has been developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry (IGP), ETH Zurich and realised in a software suite called Satellite Image Precision Processing (SAT‐PP). The software has been used for the processing of a number of high resolution satellite sensors, such as IKONOS, QuickBird, SPOT 5 HRS/HRG, Cartosat‐1 and ALOS PRISM. PRISM is a panchromatic radiometer carried on board the Japanese ALOS satellite. It has three optical systems for forward, nadir and backward view with 2·5 m ground sample distance (GSD). The photogrammetric processing of PRISM imagery has special requirements owing to the linear array CCD sensor structure and special characteristics of the interior geometry and exterior orientation. As a member of the ALOS calibration/validation team, new algorithms for geometric processing of the PRISM images have been implemented at the IGP, in particular for the interior orientation and self‐calibration. The physical sensor model in SAT‐PP is refined according to the multiple camera heads of the sensor. The rigorous model for PRISM is based on a modified bundle adjustment with the possibility of using two different trajectory models. The self‐calibration is introduced into the adjustment to model the systematic errors of the sensor and the system as a whole. The methods of georeferencing and digital surface model (DSM) generation were tested using the PRISM data‐sets acquired over five different testfields. The rigorous sensor model performed well and resulted in sub‐pixel accuracy for point positioning in all testfields. The self‐calibration model has been tested in two different phases of the project separately. In the initial phase, where interior orientation data was not available, the use of the self‐calibration was essential to achieve good accuracy. However, in the later phase the relative positions of the CCD chip detectors on the focal plane were provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the improvements by self‐calibration became less significant. A detailed analysis of the DSM generation is presented in another publication.
A pyroclastic flow deposit on Venus

Abstract Explosive volcanism on Venus is severely inhibited by its high atmospheric pressure and lack of water. This paper shows that a deposit located near 16°S, 145°E, here referred to as Scathach Fluctus, displays a number of morphological characteristics consistent with a pyroclastic flow deposit. These characteristics, particularly the lack of channelization and evidence for momentum- rather than cooling-limited flow length, contrast with fissure-fed lava flow deposits. The total erupted volume is estimated to have been between 225 and 875 km3 but this may have been emplaced in more than one event. Interaction between Scathach Fluctus and a small volcanic cone constrains the flow velocity to 48 m s−1, and plausible volatile concentrations to at least 1.8 wt% H2O, 4.3 wt% CO2 or 6.1 wt% SO2, the latter two values implying that magma was sourced directly from the mantle. The deposit has radar characteristics, particularly an exponential backscatter function, that are similar to those of nearly half the planetary surface, implying that pyroclastic deposits may be much more common on Venus than has been recognized to date, and suggesting both a relatively volatile-rich mantle and a volcanic source for atmospheric SO2.
Proactive Approach to Measure Safety Management on Building Projects in Saudi Arabia

Safety management is important throughout the world specifically on building projects, which are prone to accidents due to their unique operations, dynamic and ever-changing nature. In every country, contractors implement safety management systems (SMSs) to avoid accidents and comply with applicable laws, regulations and to provide safe work environments for their workers. Nonetheless, accidents still happen on many building projects in the country. The objective of this work is to measure safety management as perceived on building projects by employing a proactive approach in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to improve site safety. A survey instrument is utilized to gather data from building projects. Another questionnaire is used to conduct interviews with the key managers on the same projects. Analysis of the questionnaire survey is performed after entering the data into SPSS software by applying factor analysis and multiple linear regression. Factor analysis extracted two significant factors, including “management commitment, employee involvement, and safety training”—factor 1, and “project safety plan, safety committee, and safe use of equipment”—factor 2, which proactively measure the implementation of safety management on the building projects. The safety model obtained by multiple regression analysis identifies two significant contributors to the performance of the SMS. Analysis of the interviews complemented and validated the results of the questionnaire survey. The findings provide in-depth understanding of proactively measuring safety management on building projects for the construction industry practitioners to make project sites safer.
Sensing with boots and trousers — qualitative field observations of shallow soil moisture patterns

While soil moisture patterns can be interesting traits to investigate spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of catchments relevant for various physical processes of soil–atmosphere interaction and soil water redistribution, many of the existing methods to capture spatial patterns are time consuming, expensive or need site‐specific calibration. In this study we present a quick and inexpensive supplementary field method for classifying soil wetness in wet environments. The seven wetness classes are based on qualitative indicators, which one can touch, hear or see on the soil surface. To counter critics that such qualitative methods are considerably affected by subjectivity, we performed systematic testing of the method by taking qualitative measurements in the field with 20 non‐expert raters. We then analyzed these in terms of degree of agreement and assessed the results against gravimetric sampling and time domain reflectometry measurements. In 70% of all classifications raters agreed on the wetness class assigned to the marked sampling locations and in 95% they were not off by more than one wetness class. The seven quantitative wetness classes agreed with gravimetric and time domain reflectometry measurements, although intermediate to wet classes showed an overlap of their range whereas the driest classes showed considerable spread. Despite some potential to optimize the method, it has been shown to be a reliable supplement to existing quantitative techniques for assessing soil moisture patterns in wet environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the efficiency and capabilities of UAVs and Convolutional Neural Networks in the field of remote sensing as a land classification tool

The study aimed to determine the efficacy and capabilities of using high-resolution aerial imagery and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify plant species and monitor land cover and land change in the context of remote sensing. The full capabilities of a CNN were examined, including testing whether the platform could be used for land cover and the evaluation of land change over time. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to collect the aerial data of the study area. The CNN was encoded and operated in RStudio, while digitised data from the input imagery were used by the programme as training and validation data. The object in this respect was to learn about the relevant features of the landscape, and thereafter to classify the Opuntia invasive plant species. Accuracy assessments were carried out on the results to test the efficacy of the aerial imagery in terms of its accuracy and reliability. The classification achieved an overall accuracy of 93%, while the kappa coefficient score was 0.86. CNN was also able to predict the land coverage area of Opuntia to be within four percent (4%) of the ground truthing data. A change in land cover over time was detected by the programme after the manual clearing of the plant had been undertaken. This research has determined that the use of a CNN in remote sensing is a very powerful tool for supervised image classifications. It can be used for monitoring land cover in that it is able to accurately estimate the spatial distribution of plant species and to monitor the growth or decline in the species over time. As such, it is an efficient methodology and its use in remote sensing could be extended.
A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow

Tennis elbow, a common musculoskeletal disorder also known as lateral epicondylitis, causes pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow. Although it is frequently linked to repetitive motions, such as those in racquet sports, it can affect people in a variety of occupations and activities. Tennis elbow can be treated conservatively with physiotherapy, which focuses on pain management, functional recovery, and recurrence prevention. The goal of this review is to give a thorough overview of the physiotherapy methods used to treat tennis elbow. In order to determine the most effective treatment options, it is crucial to comprehend the pathophysiology and etiology of tennis elbow from the outset of the study. The assessment and diagnosis of tennis elbow are next covered, emphasizing the importance of physiotherapists in correctly diagnosing the ailment and distinguishing it from other musculoskeletal problems that are comparable to it. This study primarily focuses on the numerous physiotherapy therapies for tennis elbow, which may include but are not limited to, and the section examines the use of manual treatments to treat pain and enhance joint function, including joint mobilizations, soft tissue massage, and myofascial release. Exercise rehabilitation covers the value of tailored workouts to bolster the weak muscles and enhance the elbow joint's biomechanics. Numerous workout regimens are covered, such as eccentric training and progressive resistance exercises, as well as modalities. Therapeutic agents frequently make use of modalities such as ultrasound, laser therapy, and cryotherapy. It may also make use of complementary therapeutic agents such as taping and bracing. In summary, this in-depth analysis highlights the crucial role that physical therapy plays in the treatment of tennis elbow. It seeks to give practitioners a useful tool for enhancing the care and results of patients with this common and crippling ailment by summarizing the most recent research and best practices in physiotherapy approaches.
Detrital zircon analysis of the southwest Indochina terrane, central Thailand: Unravelling the Indosinian orogeny

The Khao Khwang fold-and-thrust belt, central Thailand, developed within a basin that formed on the southwestern margin of the Indochina block. Because of limited geochronological and provenance constraints, the time of deposition, sediment source location, and tectonic significance of the basin have been uncertain. Here, we present 837 U-Pb detrital zircon ages and 271 Hf isotope in situ analyses from Permian−Triassic clastic units within the Khao Khwang fold-and-thrust belt in order to constrain the provenance, maximum depositional ages, and depositional environment of the southwestern margin of the Indochina terrane through the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. The key lithological units, the Sap Bon, Pang Asok, and Nong Pong Formations, are part of the Saraburi Group and have detrital age spectra spanning from Late Triassic to Paleoarchean. The entire data set has a common age peak at ca. 450 Ma, and all samples contain grains with ages of 0.2−0.3, 0.4−0.6, 1.0−1.3, 1.7−1.8, and 2.2−2.7 Ga. A few grains predate 3.0 Ga. Multidimensional scaling analysis of detrital zircon ages from throughout SE Asia demonstrates that the age spectra of the siliciclastic units of the Saraburi Group resemble those of Permian−Triassic detritus found elsewhere in the Khorat Plateau and throughout Vietnam and southeast China, implying that these areas shared similar sources. These sources may have been the, now largely covered, Indochina basement, and/or contiguous continental crust in terranes already amalgamated to Indochina at that time. Detrital zircons as young as 205 ± 6 Ma show that some formations of the Saraburi Group, previously considered to be of Middle−Late Permian age, are no older than Late Triassic. We propose a depositional model for the region of a Permian rift or passive-margin setting that evolved into piggyback and foredeep basins during an extended period of folding and thrusting in the Triassic.
Study of Prevention Methods of Rock Burst Disaster Caused by Hard Rock Roof

Aiming at the rock burst disaster of No.6303 working face in Jisan coal mine of Yanzhou coal group co. ltd, the state and reason of rock burst were analyzed. Based on the geological conditions and numerical simulation, the hard rock roof blasting method and blasting parameters were proposed to prevent rock burst. The blasting effect was checking using sight instrument, electromagnetic emission (EME) technique and drilling sludge methods. The results show that by this blasting method, the hard rock roof above the coal seam is destroyed and the elastic energy in rock roof was mostly released. The rock burst danger is reduced to guarantee the safety of working face. The practical application proves that this technique can effectively prevent the rock burst caused by hard rock roof.
A Novel Method of Maximum Power Point Reaching for Magnetic Field Energy Harvesting Based on a Low-Power Analog Control Circuit

Magnetic field energy harvester (MEH) based on current transformers has emerged as a promising method for powering mass sensors in smart grids. However, a significant challenge lies in the insufficient power harvested at low primary currents. Aiming at resolving this shortcoming, a novel maximum power point (MPP) reaching method based on a low-power analog control circuit is proposed in the present study. The main objective of this method is to improve the performance of the MEH. The MPP is achieved by controlling the voltage of the dc side of the rectifier bridge based on the optimal load voltage characteristics of the MEH. The analog control circuit is designed using low-power analog devices and megaohm-level resistors, eliminating the need for a microcontroller. The performed analyses revealed that the calculated maximum power loss of the proposed approach is only 81.81 μW. Experimental results demonstrate a remarkable increase in MEH power output ranging from 101.39% to 149.89% compared to commercial circuits at currents ranging from 1 to 10 A.
Is Running Power a Useful Metric? Quantifying Training Intensity and Aerobic Fitness Using Stryd Running Power Near the Maximal Lactate Steady State

We sought to determine the utility of Stryd, a commercially available inertial measurement unit, to quantify running intensity and aerobic fitness. Fifteen (eight male, seven female) runners (age = 30.2 [4.3] years; V·O2max = 54.5 [6.5] ml·kg−1·min−1) performed moderate- and heavy-intensity step transitions, an incremental exercise test, and constant-speed running trials to establish the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Stryd running power stability, sensitivity, and reliability were evaluated near the MLSS. Stryd running power was also compared to running speed, V·O2, and metabolic power measures to estimate running mechanical efficiency (EFF) and to determine the efficacy of using Stryd to delineate exercise intensities, quantify aerobic fitness, and estimate running economy (RE). Stryd running power was strongly associated with V·O2 (R2 = 0.84; p < 0.001) and running speed at the MLSS (R2 = 0.91; p < 0.001). Stryd running power measures were strongly correlated with RE at the MLSS when combined with metabolic data (R2 = 0.79; p < 0.001) but not in isolation from the metabolic data (R2 = 0.08; p = 0.313). Measures of running EFF near the MLSS were not different across intensities (~21%; p > 0.05). In conclusion, although Stryd could not quantify RE in isolation, it provided a stable, sensitive, and reliable metric that can estimate aerobic fitness, delineate exercise intensities, and approximate the metabolic requirements of running near the MLSS.
An inverse modeling study of circulation in the Eastern Bering Sea during 2007-2010

A two-way nested 4d-variational data assimilation system is implemented in the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) to investigate changes in circulation and thermodynamic state for a 3.8-year period. Assimilated observations include data from 19 moorings deployed on the shelf and in the Bering Strait, 1705 hydrographic stations occupied during eight surveys, and remotely sensed sea surface temperature and sea surface height (SSH) data. Validation of the presented 4dVar reanalysis against the output of two sequential data-assimilative systems (the Bering Ecosystem Study ice-ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (BESTMAS) and the Arctic Cap Nowcast-Forecast System (ACNFS)) has shown that the product is more consistent with the observed transports in the Bering Strait and in the EBS interior both in terms of their magnitude and time variability. Analysis of the data-optimized solution quantifies a sequence of wind-forced events that resulted in the anomalous heat and freshwater transports through the Bering Strait, including a 28-day long flow reversal that occurred in November of 2009 and carried Siberian Coastal Current water down to the Gulf of Anadyr. Lagrangian study of the Arctic-bound Pacific waters indicates the extreme importance of the cross-shelf exchange along the path of the Bering Slope Current and quantifies the spectrum of residence times for the waters entering EBS through Unimak Pass and through Aleutian passages. Residence times in the EBS cold pool are diagnosed to be 2-3 times longer than those in the surrounding waters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Human-Like Free-Lane-Change Trajectory Planning and Control Method With Data-Based Behavior Decision

Free lane change (FLC) is an important research direction of intelligent driving vehicles. In this paper, a lane change decision model based on deep learning is established with ego and adjacent lane risk and properties of environmental vehicles. A long short-term memory neural network that can be associated with time series characteristics is used to model the lane change process based on analysis of factors affecting the lane change decision. The result of decision-making model training shows that the recognition accuracy of lane change and lane keeping decision reaches more than 92%. Then, a human-like FLC trajectory is planned based on polynomial curve, a quintic polynomial trajectory cluster based on preview distance is generated according to driving conditions, and the optimal FLC trajectory is selected by optimizing an objective function. The model predictive control method is used to dynamically control the vehicle to follow the trajectory. Finally, the lane change decision, trajectory planning, and tracking control model are built in simulation environment, and the control of vehicle dynamics model verifies the integrity and feasibility of free lane change function.