Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LFM signal detection and estimation based on sparse representation

This paper presents a novel approach for detection and estimation of fundamental parameters of linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals, i.e., the initial frequency and Chirp rate. The proposed approach is based on sparse representation of noisy input signals over two specific dictionaries, each designed for finding a parameter of LFM signal. Moreover, an iterative framework is proposed for simultaneous sparse representation over the two dictionaries. Experimental results demonstrate that the presented method is comparable with the optimum transform for LFM signal estimation, Wigner-Hough, and furthermore, has significantly higher speed.
Automatic Semantic Annotation Using Machine Learning

This chapter aims to give a thorough investigation of the techniques for automatic semantic annotation. The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across applications, enterprises, and community boundaries. However, lack of annotated semantic data is a bottleneck to make the Semantic Web vision a reality. Therefore, it is indeed necessary to automate the process of semantic annotation. In the past few years, there was a rapid expansion of activities in the semantic annotation area. Many methods have been proposed for automating the annotation process. However, due to the heterogeneity and the lack of structure of the Web data, automated discovery of the targeted or unexpected knowledge information still present many challenging research problems. In this chapter, we study the problems of semantic annotation and introduce the state-of-the-art methods for dealing with the problems. We will also give a brief survey of the developed systems based on the methods. Several real-world applications of semantic annotation will be introduced as well. Finally, some emerging challenges in semantic annotation will be discussed.
Double-Domains-Based Covert Communication Scheme for a RS-Code-Based Multiple Description Image Coding System

In this paper, a covert communication scheme is proposed for a RS-code-based multiple description image coding system. Firstly, the secret information is embedded in the carrier image by the double-domains based method. And then the carrier image is encoded with the SPIHT algorithm. The SPIHT stream is delivered through the RS-code-based multiple description image coding system to conquer the channel errors. During the information hiding phase, the embedding order and the embedding parameters are carefully selected to ensure that the secret information can exist in the pixel domain and in the DWT domain peacefully. During the SPIHT encoding phase, the appropriate parameters are selected to balance the compression rate and the visual quality of the recovered carrier image. During the transmission phase, the appropriate structure is selected according to the channel conditions. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed covert communication scheme.
Hippocampal Lesions Disrupt an Associative Mismatch Process

Novel assays were used to assess inter alia whether the hippocampus is involved in detecting novelty per se or in an associative mismatch process. During training, rats received two audiovisual sequences (tone–left constant light and click–left flashing light). In both sham-operated control rats and those with excitotoxic hippocampal lesions, novel visual targets provoked an orienting response that habituated during training. Moreover, like sham-operated rats, rats with hippocampal lesions acquired associations between the elements of two audiovisual sequences. However, subsequent test trials in which the auditory stimuli preceding the visual targets were switched (click–left constant light and tone–left flashing light) provoked renewed orienting to the visual targets in sham-operated rats but not in hippocampal rats. These results support the view that hippocampal damage results in a failure to detect (or act on) mismatches that are generated when an auditory stimulus associatively evokes the memory of one visual stimulus and a different (familiar) visual stimulus is present in the environment.
The effect of the intergalactic environment on the observability of Lyα emitters during reionization

Observations of high-redshift Lya sources are a major tool for studying the high-redshift universe and are one of the most promising ways to constrain the later stages of reionization. The understanding and interpretation of the data is far from straightforward, however. We discuss the effect of the reionizing intergalactic medium (IGM) on the observability of Lya sources based on large simulations of early structure formation with radiative transfer. This takes into account self-consistently the reionization history, density, velocity and ionization structures and non-linear source clustering. We find that all fields are highly anisotropic and as a consequence there are very large variations in opacity among the different lines of sight. The velocity effects, from both infall and source peculiar velocity are most important for the luminous sources, affecting the line profile and depressing the bright end of the luminosity function. The line profiles are generally asymmetric and the line centres of the luminous sources are always absorbed due to the high density of the local IGM. For both luminous and average sources the damping wing effects are of similar magnitude and remain significant until fairly late, when the IGM is ionized between 30 and 70 per cent by mass.
Evaluation of Evidence for Altered Behavior and Auditory Deficits in Fishes Due to Human-Generated Noise Sources

Abstract : In this study, the authors have evaluated peer-reviewed publications and contracted reports to provide an overview of what is known about auditory processing by fishes and the behavioral and physiological effects of various noise stimuli as documented by the best and most appropriate studies. Included are reviews of work on both cartilaginous (sharks, skates, and rays) and teleost fishes (modern bony fishes). Recommendations for research to address remaining issues are provided.
Efficient training of the backpropagation network by solving a system of stiff ordinary differential equations

The training of backpropagation networks involves adjusting the weights between the computing nodes in the artificial neural network to minimize the errors between the network's predictions and the known outputs in the training set. This least-squares minimization problem is conventionally solved by an iterative fixed-step technique, using gradient descent, which occasionally exhibits instabilities and converges slowly. The authors show that training of the backpropagation network can be expressed as a problem of solving coupled ordinary differential equations for the weights as a (continuous) function of time. These differential equations are usually mathematically stiff. The use of a stiff differential equation solver ensures quick convergence to the nearest least-squares minimum. Training proceeds at a rapidly accelerating rate as the accuracy of the predictions increases, in contrast with gradient descent and conjugate gradient methods. The number of presentations required for accurate training is reduced by up to several orders of magnitude over the conventional method. <<ETX>>
ASTEN: An accurate and scalable approach to Coupled Tensor Factorization

Coupled Tensor Factorization (CTF) has become one of the most popular methods for joint analysis of high dimensional data generated from multiple sources. The goal of CTF is to factorize correlated datasets into latent factors efficiently. This research was taken with a particular goal of improving the accuracy of CTF. It is important to optimize the factorization of each single tensor of the coupled tensors. To achieve this, we introduce ASTEN, an Accurate and Scalable Tensor factorization method, where the objective function is optimized with respect to every single tensor and matrix. Differing from algorithms with a traditional objective function which forces shared modes among tensors to have identical factors, ASTEN enables each tensor to have its own discriminative factor on the shared mode and thus is capable of finding the accurate approximation of every tensor. Furthermore, to make it highly scalable in handling big data, we design it to be fully distributed and scalable with respect to the number of tensors, their dimensions, their sizes and the number of data partitions. In addition, we provide our theoretical proof and experimental evidence that our algorithm converges to an optimum. Experiments on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate that our proposed ASTEN outperforms alternative existing algorithms.
Microstrip Square Open-Loop Multiple Split-Ring Resonator for Low-Phase-Noise VCO

In this paper, we present a novel voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using the microstrip square open-loop multiple split-ring resonator for reducing the phase noise of VCO. We realize the microstrip square open-loop multiple split-ring resonator by combining the multiple split-ring resonator with the microstrip square open-loop structure. Compared with the conventional microstrip square open-loop resonator, the microstrip square open-loop multiple split-ring resonator has strong coupling between the microstrips of the open-loops with the multiple split-ring resonators, which makes for a high Q value of the resonator. The phase noise and the tuning range of the proposed VCO are -124.5 to -122.0 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 5.746 to 5.84 GHz. The figure-of-merit (FOM) of this VCO is -203.96 to -201.6 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz in the same tuning range.
I-vectors meet imitators: on vulnerability of speaker verification systems against voice mimicry

Voice imitation is mimicry of another speaker’s voice characteristics and speech behavior. Professional voice mimicry can create entertaining, yet realistic sounding target speaker renditions. As mimicry tends to exaggerate prosodic, idiosyncratic and lexical behavior, it is unclear how modern spectral-feature automatic speaker verification systems respond to mimicry “attacks”. We study the vulnerability of two well-known speaker recognition systems, traditional Gaussian mixture model – universal background model (GMM-UBM) and a state-of-the-art i-vector classifier with cosine scoring. The material consists of one professional Finnish imitator impersonating five wellknown Finnish public figures. In a carefully controlled setting, mimicry attack does slightly increase the false acceptance rate for the i-vector system, but generally this is not alarmingly large in comparison to voice conversion or playback attacks. Index Terms: Voice imitation, speaker recognition, mimicry attack
Advances in the Theory of Argumentation Schemes and Critical Questions

This paper begins a working- through of Blair's (2001) theoretical agenda concerning argumentation schemes and their attendant critical questions, in which we propose a number of solutions to some outstanding theoretical issues. We consider the classification of schemes, their ultimate nature, their role in argument reconstruction, their foundation as normative categories of argument, and the evaluative role of critical questions.We demonstrate the role of schemes in argument reconstruction, and defend a normative account of their nature against specific criticisms due to Pinto (2001). Concerning critical questions, we propose an account on which they are founded in the R.S. A. cogency standard, and develop an account of the relationship between critical questions and burden of proof. Our ultimate aim is to initiate a reconciliation between dialectical and informal logic approaches to the schemes.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LOW POWER TECHNIQUES FOR ANDROID BASED PHONE

Android is the latest trend in mobile operating systems. Although several smartphones in the market feature Android, it is still in development stage and growing rapidly due to large open source developer community, supported by Google Inc. Even though Android provides a complete set of application, middleware and Linux kernel for the phone applications developer, it does not fully utilize several standard kernel features. Also the Android kernel does not focus on processor specific implementations. The Android kernel fails to integrate and utilize several hardware features offered by modern mobile applications processors such as OMAP, PXA or i.MX series. Hence a mobile phone running existing default Android largely remains unoptimized and inefficient. One of such features untouched by Android kernel is Power Management. Though Android offers basic API support for suspending the device to low power mode, it still neglects other power management features provided by processor as well as standard Linux kernel. This paper attempts to address the limitations of Android specific to power management at kernel level and proposes possible solutions for active and static power management in Linux to overcome these limitations. The developed solutions for active power management include selection of suitable governor algorithm and modification of its parameters and implementation of a daemon process which performs voltage and frequency scaling. Application level low power techniques for Android are also proposed to help application developers to optimize their software. The objectives of the paper are realized by designing and implementing low power techniques for OMAP3530 based Beagleboard. The functionality of the implemented low power techniques is verified through several test cases using benchmarking applications such as 2D/3D rendering, playing a movie file and decompressing. The benchmarking applications are capable of putting widely varying workload on the OMAP3530 processor which helps in determining the performance of governor algorithm and user-space daemon process with different parameter settings. The test execution results are presented in terms of performance, execution time, total current consumed, standby time and battery life. From these tests, it is concluded that through low power techniques it is possible to achieve up to 29% increase in battery life and up to 117% increase in standby time at no or very little performance degradation. Abbreviations ADB Android Debug Bridge DVFS Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling OMAP Open Multimedia Applications Processor OPP Operating Performance Points PM Power Management RFS Root File System UBIFS Unsorted Block Images File System
The Role of the Hippocampus in Passive and Active Spatial Learning

Rats with lesions of the hippocampus or sham lesions were required in four experiments to escape from a square swimming pool by finding a submerged platform. Experiments 1 and 2 commenced with passive training in which rats were repeatedly placed on the platform in one corner—the correct corner—of a pool with distinctive walls. A test trial then revealed a strong preference for the correct corner in the sham but not the hippocampal group. Subsequent active training of being required to swim to the platform resulted in both groups acquiring a preference for the correct corner in the two experiments. In Experiments 3 and 4, rats were required to solve a discrimination between different panels pasted to the walls of the pool, by swimming to the middle of a correct panel. Hippocampal lesions prevented a discrimination being formed between panels of different lengths (Experiment 3), but not between panels showing lines of different orientations (Experiment 4); rats with sham lesions mastered both problems. It is suggested that an intact hippocampus is necessary for the formation of stimulus‐goal associations that permit successful passive spatial leaning. It is further suggested that an intact hippocampus is not necessary for the formation of stimulus‐response associations, except when they involve information about length or distance. © 2014 The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Neural Locus for Perceptually-Relevant Saccadic Suppression in Visual-Motor Neurons of the Primate Superior Colliculus

Saccadic eye movements cause rapid retinal-image shifts that go perceptually unnoticed several times per second. The mechanisms for perceptual saccadic suppression have been controversial, in part due to sparse understanding of neural substrates. Here we uncovered an unexpectedly specific neural locus for saccadic suppression in the primate superior colliculus (SC). We first developed a sensitive behavioral measure of perceptual suppression in two male macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta), demonstrating known selectivity to low spatial frequencies. We then investigated visual responses in either purely visual SC neurons or anatomically-deeper visual-motor neurons, which are also involved in saccade generation commands. Surprisingly, visual-motor neurons showed the strongest visual suppression, and the suppression was dependent on spatial frequency like in perception. Most importantly, visual-motor neuron suppression selectivity was highly predictive of behavioral suppression effects in each individual animal, with our recorded population explaining up to ~74% of behavioral variance even on completely different experimental sessions. In contrast, purely visual SC neurons only had mild and unselective suppression (only explaining up to ~48% of behavioral variance). These results run contrary to a hypothesized SC mechanism for saccadic suppression, in which a motor command in the visual-motor and motor neurons is relayed to the more superficial purely visual neurons to suppress them, and to then potentially be fed back to cortex. Instead, our results indicate that an extra-retinal modulatory signal mediating perceptual suppression is already established in visual-motor neurons. New & Noteworthy Saccades, which repeatedly re-align the line of sight, introduce spurious signals in retinal images that normally go unnoticed. In part, this happens because of peri-saccadic suppression of visual sensitivity. Here we discovered that a specific sub-type of superior colliculus (SC) neurons may play a critical role in saccadic suppression. Curiously, it is the neurons that help mediate the saccadic command itself that exhibit perceptually-relevant changes in visual sensitivity, not the previously hypothesized purely visual neurons.
Motor and Drive-System Efficiency Regulations: Review of Regulations in the United States and Europe

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE ) issu ed new efficiency regulations in May 2014 [1] for integral horsepower motors effective June 2016. This article will provide an update on these new regulations for 1-500-hp low-voltage (LV) ac induction motors. The scope of coverage has been expanded to cover more configurations than in previous regulations. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA ) 56 frame-enclosed motors are covered. Motor regulations for Canada and Mexico generally follow what is adopted in the United States. Europe is updating succeeding regulations for LV motors (&lt;1,000 V) and drive systems with an extended product approach from 0.12 to 1,000 kW by 2018. The DOE is also studying pump, fan, and compressor systems and how their efficiency can be regulated. We will provide an overview of the DOE proposals and the new European standard for efficient drive systems if any users wish to follow and become involved with comments. This article will review the motor and system efficiency regulations issued by the DOE and discuss extended product regulations under development by the European Union (EU).
Entrenamiento Aeróbico: Efecto Sobre el Estado Oxidativo Hepático. [Aerobic Training: Effect on Liver Oxidative Stress].

espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en un modelo animal el efecto del entrenamiento aerobico y del ejercicio eventual sobre el estado oxidativo hepatico. Se utilizaron 30 ratones machos NMRI, divididos en 3 grupos de 10: Control (sin ejercicio), Entrenamiento Aerobico (EA) y Ejercicio Eventual (EE). La actividad fisica se realizo en una rueda de ejercicio que giraba a 50 rpm/ (30 minutos / dia) por 6 semanas para el grupo con EA y a 50 rpm/ 30 minutos, una vez para el EE. Se determino en sangre la concentracion de albumina, y en higado se cuantifico la concentracion de Dienos Conjugados, Malondialdehido, Glutation Reducido (GSH), y se realizo el estudio histopatologico. Los resultados muestran que los animales que realizaron EE presentaron un aumento marcado de la lipoperoxidacion (LPO) hepatica comparado con el grupo control y con los de EA. Con respecto a la respuesta antioxidante, la concentracion de GSH aumento en los animales de EA y disminuyo en los de EE, la albumina fue menor en los animales que se ejercitaron. El cociente GSH/LPO fue mayor en los animales de EA, lo que indica una disminucion de la LPO en relacion con la respuesta antioxidante dada por el GSH. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que a pesar de que ocurre un aumento de la lipoperoxidacion hepatica durante el ejercicio, esta oxidacion no altera la estructura histologica del organo y dependiendo del tipo de ejercicio, el organismo se adapta produciendo aumento de la defensa antioxidante, base esta del entrenamiento. EnglishThe aim of this study was to evaluate in an animal model the effect of aerobic training on hepatic oxidative status. Control (without exercise) Aerobic Training (EA) and Exercise Eventually (EE): 30 NMRI male mice were divided into 3 groups of10 were used. Physical activity was conducted in an exercise wheel rotating at 50 rpm / 30 minutes / day / six weeks for the group with AD and 50 rpm / 30 minutes / once for EE. Albumin concentration was determined in blood, liver and the concentration of conjugated diene, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH) was measured and histopathological study. The results show that animals made EE showed a marked increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) compared with the control group and the EA. Regarding the antioxidant response, the concentration of GSH increased animals decreased in EA and EE and albumin was lower in animals who exercised. The GSH / LPO ratio was greater in animals EA, indicating a decrease in LPO in relation given by the GSH antioxidant response. No liver histopathological changes were observed. The results of this study show that despite an increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation occurs during exercise, this oxidation does not alter the histological structure of the organ and depending on the type of exercise, the body adapts by producing increased antioxidant defense based this training
The Hyplip2 locus causes hypertriglyceridemia by decreased clearance of triglyceridess⃞ Published, JLR Papers in Press, July 3, 2007.

The Hyplip2 congenic mouse strain contains part of chromosome 15 from MRL/MpJ on the BALB/cJ background. Hyplip2 mice show increased plasma levels of cholesterol and predominantly triglycerides (TGs) and are susceptible to diet-induced atherosclerosis. This study aimed at elucidation of the mechanism(s) explaining the hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemia can result from increased intestinal or hepatic TG production and/or by decreased LPL-mediated TG clearance. The intestinal TG absorption and chylomicron formation were studied after intravenous injection of Triton WR1339 and an intragastric load of olive oil containing glycerol tri[3H]oleate. No difference was found in intestinal TG absorption. Moreover, the hepatic VLDL-TG production rate and VLDL particle production, after injection of Triton WR1339, were also not affected. To investigate the LPL-mediated TG clearance, mice were injected intravenously with glycerol tri[3H]oleate-labeled VLDL-like emulsion particles. In Hyplip2 mice, the particles were cleared at a decreased rate (half-life of 25 ± 6 vs. 11 ± 2 min; P < 0.05) concomitant with a decreased uptake of emulsion TG-derived 3H-labeled fatty acids by the liver and white adipose tissue. The increased plasma TG levels in Hyplip2 mice do not result from an enhanced intestinal absorption or increased hepatic VLDL production but are caused by decreased LPL-mediated TG clearance.