Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conformal partition functions of critical percolation from D3 thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz equations

Using the planar Temperley–Lieb algebra, critical bond percolation on the square lattice can be reformulated as a loop model. In this form, it is incorporated as LM(2,3) in the Yang–Baxter integrable family of logarithmic minimal models LM(p,p′). We consider this model of percolation in the presence of boundaries and with periodic boundary conditions. Inspired by Kuniba, Sakai and Suzuki, we rewrite the recently obtained infinite Y-system of functional equations. In this way, we obtain nonlinear integral equations in the form of a closed finite set of TBA equations described by a D3 Dynkin diagram. Following the methods of Klümper and Pearce, we solve the TBA equations for the conformal finite-size corrections. For the ground states of the standard modules on the strip, these agree with the known central charge c = 0 and conformal weights Δ1,s for s∈Z⩾1 with Δr,s=((3r−2s)2−1)/24. For the periodic case, the finite-size corrections agree with the conformal weights Δ0,s, Δ1,s with s∈12Z⩾0. These are obtained analytically using Rogers dilogarithm identities. We incorporate all finite excitations by formulating empirical selection rules for the patterns of zeros of all the eigenvalues of the standard modules. We thus obtain the conformal partition functions on the cylinder and the modular invariant partition function (MIPF) on the torus. By applying q-binomial and q-Narayana identities, it is shown that our refined finitized characters on the strip agree with those of Pearce, Rasmussen and Zuber. For percolation on the torus, the MIPF is a non-diagonal sesquilinear form in affine u(1) characters given by the u(1) partition function Z2,3(q)=Z2,3Circ(q). The u(1) operator content is NΔ,Δ¯=1 for Δ=Δ¯=−124,3524 and NΔ,Δ¯=2 for Δ=Δ¯=18,13,58 and (Δ,Δ¯)=(0,1),(1,0). This result is compatible with the general conjecture of Pearce and Rasmussen, namely Zp,p′(q)=Zp,p′Proj(q)+np,p′Zp,p′Min(q) with np,p′∈Z, where the minimal partition function is Z2,3Min(q)=1 and the lattice derivation fixes n2,3 = −1.
Mitochondrial Effects on the Physiological Characteristics of Lentinula edodes

Abstract In the mating of filamentous basidiomycetes, dikaryotic mycelia are generated through the reciprocal movement of nuclei to a monokaryotic cytoplasm where a nucleus of compatible mating type resides, resulting in the establishment of two different dikaryotic strains having the same nuclei but different mitochondria. To better understand the role of mitochondria in mushrooms, we created four sets of dikaryotic strains of Lentinula edodes, including B2 × E13 (B2 side) and B2 × E13 (E13 side), B5 × E13 (B5 side) and B5 × E13 (E13 side), E8 × H3 (E8 side) and E8 × H3 (H3 side), and K3 × H3 (K3 side) and K3 × H3 (H3 side). The karyotypes and mitochondrial types of the dikaryotic strains were successfully identified by the A mating type markers and the mitochondrial variable length tandem repeat markers, respectively. Comparative analyses of the dikaryotic strains on the mycelial growth, substrate browning, fruiting characteristics, and mitochondrial gene expression revealed that certain mitochondria are more effective in the mycelial growth and the production of fruiting body, possibly through the activated energy metabolism. Our findings indicate that mitochondria affect the physiology of dikaryotic strains having the same nuclear information and therefore a selection strategy aimed at mitochondrial function is needed in the development of new mushroom strain.
Exact excited states of nonintegrable models

We discuss a method of numerically identifying exact energy eigenstates for a finite system, whose form can then be obtained analytically. We demonstrate our method by identifying and deriving exact analytic expressions for several excited states, including an infinite tower, of the one dimensional spin-1 AKLT model, a celebrated non-integrable model. The states thus obtained for the AKLT model can be interpreted as one-to-an extensive number of quasiparticles on the ground state or on the highest excited state when written in terms of dimers. Included in these exact states is a tower of states spanning energies from the ground state to the highest excited state. To our knowledge, this is the first time that exact analytic expressions for a tower of excited states have been found in non-integrable models. Some of the states of the tower appear to be in the bulk of the energy spectrum, allowing us to make conjectures on the strong Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). We also generalize these exact states including the tower of states to the generalized integer spin AKLT models. Furthermore, we establish a correspondence between some of our states and those of the Majumdar-Ghosh model, yet another non-integrable model, and extend our construction to the generalized integer spin AKLT models.
Substantial regional climate change expected following cessation of CO2 emissions

The zero emissions commitment (ZEC) is the expected temperature change following the cessation of anthropogenic emissions of climate altering gases and aerosols. Recent model intercomparison work has suggested that global average ZEC for CO2 is close to zero. However there has thus far been no effort to explore how temperature is expected to change at spatial scales smaller than the global average. Here we analyze the output of nine full complexity Earth System Models which carried out standardized ZEC experiments to quantify the ZEC from CO2. The models suggest that substantial temperature change following cessation of emissions of CO2 can be expected at large and regional spatial scales. Large scale patterns of change closely follow long established patterns seen during modern climate change, with higher variability and more change as one approaches the polar regions, and with more change over land than ocean. The sign of temperature change (warming or cooling) varies by model and climatic zone. At the regional scale patterns of change are far more complex and show little consistency between different models. Analysis of model output suggest that for most models these changes far exceed pre-industrial internal variability, suggesting either higher climate variability, continuing changes to climate dynamics or both. Overall substantial regional changes in climate are expected following cessation of CO2 emissions but the pattern, magnitude and sign of these changes remains highly uncertain.
Weakening the tight coupling between geometry and simulation in isogeometric analysis: From sub‐ and super‐geometric analysis to Geometry‐Independent Field approximaTion (GIFT)

This paper presents an approach to generalize the concept of isogeometric analysis by allowing different spaces for the parameterization of the computational domain and for the approximation of the solution field. The method inherits the main advantage of isogeometric analysis, ie, preserves the original exact computer‐aided design geometry (for example, given by nonuniform rational B‐splines), but allows pairing it with an approximation space, which is more suitable/flexible for analysis, for example, T‐splines, LR‐splines, (truncated) hierarchical B‐splines, and PHT‐splines. This generalization offers the advantage of adaptive local refinement without the need to reparameterize the domain, and therefore without weakening the link with the computer‐aided design model. We demonstrate the use of the method with different choices of geometry and field spaces and show that, despite the failure of the standard patch test, the optimum convergence rate is achieved for nonnested spaces.
Children Outdoor Play Towards Educational Sustainability: A Scoping Review

Outdoor play encompasses a spectrum of activities that take place in the natural environment within an area. However, technology advancement has led to an overwhelming prominence of more sedentary indoor activities, such as television, video, and computer games allowing children to spend more time on digital technology daily. As a result, there has been a reduction of outdoor access for many children, and this has caused social well-being and physical health problems in recent years. The purpose of this scoping review was to determine what is currently known about how outdoor play impact children’s wellbeing. This scoping review was reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A total of 10 studies were eligible for selection. The results showed that outdoor play influenced children’s play behaviour and environment engagement played an important role in getting children to be highly active during outdoor play. As in Figure 2, 19 duplicates were excluded leaving 178 citations were screened by title and abstract. From the screening process, 112 citations were excluded. 66 citations were assessed for eligibility by data extraction from full text reviewed. Of the 66 articles, 56 citations were excluded as they did not meet the criteria of outdoor learning and age range. 8 articles were describing on children with learning disability while 17 articles were on parent-child relationship. From the 56 citations, 5 articles were on physical education, 6 articles were on digital learning and one on dietary. The remaining 19 citations were a blend of various topics. Hence, 10 studies were identified to be included for this review.
Convex Searches for Discrete-Time Zames–Falb Multipliers

In this article, we develop and analyze convex searches for Zames–Falb multipliers. We present two different approaches: infinite impulse response (IIR) and finite impulse response (FIR) multipliers. The set of FIR multipliers is complete in that any IIR multipliers can be phase-substituted by an arbitrarily large-order FIR multiplier. We show that searches in discrete time for FIR multipliers are effective even for large orders. As expected, the numerical results provide the best $\ell _{2}$-stability results in the literature for slope-restricted nonlinearities. In particular, we establish the equivalence between the state-of-the-art Lyapunov results for slope-restricted nonlinearities and a subset of the FIR multipliers. Finally, we demonstrate that the discrete-time search can provide an effective method to find suitable continuous-time multipliers.
Comparing the efficiency of numerical techniques for the integration of variational equations

We present a comparison of different numerical techniques for the integration of variational equations. The methods presented can be applied to any autonomous Hamiltonian system whose kinetic energy is quadratic in the generalized momenta, and whose potential is a function of the generalized positions. We apply the various techniques to the well-known H\'enon-Heiles system, and use the Smaller Alignment Index (SALI) method of chaos detection to evaluate the percentage of its chaotic orbits. The accuracy and the speed of the integration schemes in evaluating this percentage are used to investigate the numerical efficiency of the various techniques.
RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION IN THE QURANIC STORY OF ASHAB AL-KAHF AND SHAKESPEARE'S COMEDY THE MERCHANT OF VENICE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Racism, in all its forms, has always been a prevailing theme in many works over the decades. This study aimed to compare and analyse aspects of religious discrimination in the Qur'anic story of Ashab Al-Kahf and in Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice. In addition, this study examines the psychological effects on characters due to this phenomenon and the ways they either coped with or resisted it. The approach employed here was qualitative, and the study was conducted from Bhabha's postcolonial perspective. The findings showed that both Ashab Al-Kahf and Shylock experienced identity crises related to religious discrimination, which they resisted through hybridisation and withdrawal subsequently. Not only would this study be beneficial to researchers in literature, but it would also be so to others in sociology, psychology, and forensic studies. However, this study is limited to one theory of analysis, and the sample was insufficient, especially on the part of the story of Ashab Al-Kahf. This study recommends a reading of the story of Ashab Al-Kahf and Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice from psychoanalytic perspectives. Article visualizations:
Modeling of Causes and Consequences of Human Error in Mining Processes Design: A Qualitative Study

Given the significant role of mining in sustainable development and its intrinsic characteristics, the hazards and potential consequences are a great concern for the industry. A design error is one of the main reasons behind accidents and environmental disasters. This study aims to identify and categorize effective factors influencing design errors and their health, safety, and environmental consequences. The study was carried out based on the theme analysis of 12 Iranian surface miners’ opinions from 14 October to 25 December 2021. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The data analysis procedure was conducted based on the Strauss Model using MAXQDA2022. In the open coding section, 120 and 146 primary codes were identified regarding causes and consequences, respectively. As for the codes for causes, 26 main categories and five subcategory codes were identified, including organizational, personal, environmental, occupational, and external factors. As for the identified codes for consequences, 11 subcategories and three main categories were identified, including safety, health, and environmental effects. The findings of the study revealed that among causes, the external factor (p = 0.3703) had the weakest, and the personal factor (p = 0.003) had the strongest correlations with human error in design. In line with the opinion of the expert participants, design error had significant relationships with safety (p = 0.002), environmental (p = 0.01), and health effects (p = 0.034). The cause-consequence model introduced in this study can help many organizations, particularly surface mines, to provide a good basis for achieving sustainable safety, health management, and sustainable development.
Second order optimality on orthogonal Stiefel manifolds

The main tool to study a second order optimality problem is the Hessian operator associated to the cost function that defines the optimization problem. By regarding an orthogonal Stiefel manifold as a constraint manifold embedded in an Euclidean space we obtain a compact matrix formula for the Hessian of a cost function defined on such a manifold. We introduce an explicit local frame on an orthogonal Stiefel manifold in order to compute the components of the Hessian matrix of a cost function. We present some important properties of this frame. As applications we rediscover second order conditions of optimality for the Procrustes and the Penrose regression problems (previously found in the literature). For the Brockett problem we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a critical point to be a local minimum. Since many optimization problems are approached using numerical algorithms, we give an explicit description of the Newton algorithm on orthogonal Stiefel manifolds.
NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING OF WHITE DWARFS WITH CANDIDATE DEBRIS DISKS

We have carried out JHKs imaging of 12 white dwarf debris disk candidates from the WIRED Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 catalog, aiming to confirm or rule out disks among these sources. On the basis of positional identification and the flux density spectra, we find that seven white dwarfs have excess infrared emission, but mostly at Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer W1 and W2 bands. Four are due to nearby red objects consistent with background galaxies or very low mass dwarfs, and one exhibits excess emission at JHKs consistent with an unresolved L0 companion at the correct distance. While our photometry is not inconsistent with all seven excesses arising from disks, the stellar properties are distinct from the known population of debris disk white dwarfs, making the possibility questionable. In order to further investigate the nature of these infrared sources, warm Spitzer imaging is needed, which may help resolve galaxies from the white dwarfs and provide more accurate flux measurements.
Efficient Entropy Stable Gauss Collocation Methods

The construction of high order entropy stable collocation schemes on quadrilateral and hexahedral elements has relied on the use of Gauss-Legendre-Lobatto collocation points and their equivalence with summation-by-parts (SBP) finite difference operators. In this work, we show how to efficiently generalize the construction of semi-discretely entropy stable schemes on tensor product elements to Gauss points and generalized SBP operators. Numerical experiments suggest that the use of Gauss points significantly improves accuracy on curved meshes.
Current and life-time alcohol consumption in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background The present systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to assess the current and lifetime prevalence of alcohol consumption among school and university students in Iran. Method Online databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and domestic scientific databases including SID, Magiran, IRANDOC, RICeST were searched systematically from inception to December 2019, using Persian and English languages. Following a random-effects meta-analysis, we estimated the pooled current and lifetime prevalence of alcohol consumption among school and university students in Iran. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochran Q statistic and quantified with the I2 statistic. Results Of the 319 identified records, 64 articles met the inclusion criteria. The students’ overall pooled prevalence of current and lifetime alcohol consumption was 11.7% (95% CI, 10.0–13.4) and 14.5% (95% CI, 12.1–16.9), respectively. Prevalence of current and lifetime alcohol consumption among school students were 15.2% (95% CI, 7.8–11.5), and 15.4% (95% CI, 12.5–18.4) respectively, prevalence of current and lifetime alcohol consumption in university students were 9.7% (95% CI, 7.8–11.5), 13.7% (95% CI, 10.3–17.2) respectively. Conclusions Based on findings, it seems necessary to implement and formulate primary and comprehensive prevention strategies and policies based on various cultures, regions, geographies, ages, and ethnicity.
Relativistic Scott correction in self-generated magnetic fields

We consider a large neutral molecule with total nuclear charge $Z$ in a model with self-generated classical magnetic field and where the kinetic energy of the electrons is treated relativistically. To ensure stability, we assume that $Z \alpha < 2/\pi$, where $\alpha$ denotes the fine structure constant. We are interested in the ground state energy in the simultaneous limit $Z \rightarrow \infty$, $\alpha \rightarrow 0$ such that $\kappa=Z \alpha$ is fixed. The leading term in the energy asymptotics is independent of $\kappa$, it is given by the Thomas-Fermi energy of order $Z^{7/3}$ and it is unchanged by including the self-generated magnetic field. We prove the first correction term to this energy, the so-called Scott correction of the form $S(\alpha Z) Z^2$. The current paper extends the result of \cite{SSS} on the Scott correction for relativistic molecules to include a self-generated magnetic field. Furthermore, we show that the corresponding Scott correction function $S$, first identified in \cite{SSS}, is unchanged by including a magnetic field. We also prove new Lieb-Thirring inequalities for the relativistic kinetic energy with magnetic fields.
Bäcklund transformations and Hamiltonian flows

In this work we show that, under certain conditions, parametric Bäcklund transformations for a finite dimensional integrable system can be interpreted as solutions to the equations of motion defined by an associated non-autonomous Hamiltonian. The two systems share the same constants of motion. This observation leads to the identification of the Hamiltonian interpolating the iteration of the discrete map defined by the transformations, which indeed in numerical applications can be considered a linear combination of the integrals appearing in the spectral curve of the Lax matrix. An example with the periodic Toda lattice is given.
SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SUMS OF COMMUTATORS II

For countably generated ideals, $\Jc$, of $B(\Hil)$, geometric stability is necessary for the canonical spectral characterization of sums of $(\Jc,B(\Hil))$--commutators to hold. This answers a question raised by Dykema, Figiel, Weiss and Wodzicki. There are some ideals, $\Jc$, having quasi--nilpotent elements that are not sums of $(\Jc,B(\Hil))$--commutators. Also, every trace on every geometrically stable ideal is a spectral trace.
Quantum turbulence in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

Weakly interacting, dilute atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) have proved to be an attractive context for the study of nonlinear dynamics and quantum effects at the macroscopic scale. Recently, weakly interacting, dilute atomic BECs have been used to investigate quantum turbulence both experimentally and theoretically, stimulated largely by the high degree of control which is available within these quantum gases. In this article we motivate the use of weakly interacting, dilute atomic BECs for the study of turbulence, discuss the characteristic regimes of turbulence which are accessible, and briefly review some selected investigations of quantum turbulence and recent results. We focus on three stages of turbulence – the generation of turbulence, its steady state and its decay – and highlight some fundamental questions regarding our understanding in each of these regimes.
Using Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Learner Drop-out Rate in Higher Educational Institutions

Recently, students dropping out of school at the tertiary level without prior notice or permission has intrigued deep concern among academic authorities, instructors, and counsellors. It has therefore become necessary to understand factors that lead to high attrition rates among learners and identify at-risk students for urgent academic counselling. In providing a proactive response to learner attrition, the study deployed a machine learning algorithm with high model accuracy to predict students’ drop-out rates and identify dominant attributes that affect learner attrition and retention. An attrition model was built and validated among support vector machine, decision tree, multilayer perceptron, and random forest algorithms. The machine learning algorithms were tested for accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, and ROC using the 10-fold and the 5-fold comparative cross-validation techniques. In addition to the cross-validation technique, the chi-square feature selection mechanism was implemented to understand the algorithms’ training time and accuracy. The random forest emerged as the best-performing algorithm, with an accuracy of 70.98% and 69.74% for the 10-fold and the 5-fold cross-validation implementations, respectively.
The Yamabe problem on Dirichlet spaces

We continue our previous work studying critical exponent semilinear elliptic (and subelliptic) problems which generalize the classical Yamabe problem. In [3] the focus was on metric-measure spaces with an 'almost smooth' structure, with stratified spaces furnishing the key examples. The criterion for solvability there is phrased in terms of a strict inequality of the global Yamabe invariant with a 'local Yamabe invariant', which captures information about the local singular structure. All of this is generalized here to the setting of Dirichlet spaces which admit a Sobolev inequality and satisfy a few other mild hypotheses. Applications include a new approach to the nonspherical part of the CR Yamabe problem.