Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of compressed sensing on images via BCH measurement matrices

Compressed sensing is an emerging technique of signal compression domain. The signal can be recovered from it's under sampled measurements using optimization techniques. The only condition is the signal should be sparse in some domain. This technique finds its application in many fields like medical imaging, UWB communication, voice compression etc. One of the important parameter of compressed sensing frame work is the K × N measurement matrix. Recent Techniques have been developed to use deterministic sensing matrices instead of traditional Random Sensing matrices. This paper reviews the concepts of compressed sensing and applies the technique on images using the deterministic compressed sensing matrix formed using BCH code vectors. The motivation behind the work is to provide a frame work so that the concept can be applied on real time signal processing.
CrossNets: Neuromorphic Hybrid CMOS/Nanoelectronic Networks

Hybrid CMOS/nanoelectronic circuits, combining CMOS chips with simple nanoelectronic crossbar add-ons, may extend the exponential Moore-Law progress of microelectronics beyond the 10-nm frontier. This paper reviews the development of neuromorphic networks (“CrossNets”) based on this prospective technology. In these networks, the neural cell bodies (“somas”) are implemented in the CMOS subsystem, crossbar nanowires are used as axons and dendrites, while two-terminal crosspoint devices are used as elementary synapses. Extensive analysis and simulations have shown that such networks may perform virtually all information processing tasks demonstrated with software-implemented neural networks, with much higher performance. Estimates show that CrossNets may eventually overcome bio-cortical circuits in density, at comparable connectivity, while operating 4 to 6 orders of magnitude faster, at manageable power dissipation.
Action video game experience affects the inhibition of return in discrimination task

Numerous studies have shown that action video game players (VGPs) differ from non-video game players (NVGPs) in various cognitive tasks. However, it has not been suggested that greater inhibitory efficiency may play a role in creating these differences. Previous experiments tried to investigate this issue. They found that no significant inhibition of return (IOR) difference between VGPs and NVGPs when using the easier detection task. This experiment tested the hypothesis that VGPs show a different IOR in the more difficult discrimination task. When we used the discrimination task, we found significant IOR difference between VGPs and NVGPs.
Piezoelectric Generators for Vibrational Energy Harvesting August 24 , 2013

In past times, energy harvesting used piezoelectric materials was very popular for new research. The devices shapes sizes and dimensions was tested, but was difficult to match power measurement as a device fabrication and other method which vary from paper to paper. In an standard comparison by changing the parameters , the dependence of on device dimension has been investigated. The devices like MEMS scale have been measured little work has been using aluminium nitride. (PZT). The project shows and utilises ain due to its ease in processing and potential on chip integration . By using at this at MEMS scale the advantage is that array of piezo generators can be placed on the same die. With the use of ain a large goal of integrated power harvesting chips become achievable. The theoretical result of its scaling shows that power output and even power per unit volume will be decrease with scaling. This shows that the generator takes up the almost same area as other small generators would produce a noticeably a large power output. From the conclusion the result of this experiment were not most favourable. The problem in measuring the electrical response of the device lie beam shows the design involved with energy harvesting on a small scale. Piezoelectric generators rely on resonance to produce useful quantity , and power output is very sensitive to the frequency of the type of vibration applied. Although this type of generators are useful if targeted to specific application if the frequency of natural vibration is known. A more versatile approach could use other design to decrease the frequency sensitivity. Broad band design used either non resonant or self tuning structures could be able to harvest energy more easily in changing environment. keywords: PZT, Energy harvestors.
The developmental transcriptome of the human brain: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent characterizations of the transcriptome of the developing human brain by several groups have generated comprehensive datasets on coding and noncoding RNAs that will be instrumental for illuminating the underlying biology of complex neurodevelopmental disorders. This review summarizes recent studies successfully utilizing these data to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Several approaches have successfully integrated developmental transcriptome data with gene discovery to generate testable hypotheses about when and where in the developing human brain disease-associated genes converge. Specifically, these include the projection neurons in the prefrontal and primary motor--somatosensory cortex during mid-fetal development in autism spectrum disorder and the frontal cortex during fetal development in schizophrenia. SUMMARY Developmental transcriptome data is a key to interpreting disease-associated mutations and transcriptional changes. Novel approaches integrating the spatial and temporal dimensions of these data have increased our understanding of when and where disease occurs. Refinement of spatial and temporal properties and expanding these findings to other neurodevelopmental disorders will provide critical insights for understanding disease biology.
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α cells in mouse urinary bladder: a new class of interstitial cells

Specific classes of interstitial cells exist in visceral organs and have been implicated in several physiological functions including pacemaking and mediators in neurotransmission. In the bladder, Kit+ interstitial cells have been reported to exist and have been suggested to be neuromodulators. More recently a second interstitial cell, which is identified using antibodies against platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α (PDGFR‐α) has been described in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has been implicated in enteric motor neurotransmission. In this study, we examined the distribution of PDGFR‐α+ cells in the murine urinary bladder and the relation that these cells may have with nerve fibres and smooth muscle cells. Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α+ cells had a spindle shape or stellate morphology and often possessed multiple processes that contacted one another forming a loose network. These cells were distributed throughout the bladder wall, being present in the lamina propria as well as throughout the muscularis of the detrusor. These cells surrounded and were located between smooth muscle bundles and often came into close morphological association with intramural nerve fibres. These data describe a new class of interstitial cells that express a specific receptor within the bladder wall and provide morphological evidence for a possible neuromodulatory role in bladder function.
States , 1974 to 2010 Politicization of Science in the Public Sphere : A Study of Public Trust in the United

This study explores time trends in public trust in science in the United States from 1974 to 2010. More precisely, I test Mooney’s (2005) claim that conservatives in the United States have become increasingly distrustful of science. Using data from the 1974 to 2010 General Social Survey, I examine group differences in trust in science and group-specific change in these attitudes over time. Results show that group differences in trust in science are largely stable over the period, except for respondents identifying as conservative. Conservatives began the period with the highest trust in science, relative to liberals and moderates, and ended the period with the lowest. The patterns for science are also unique when compared to public trust in other secular institutions. Results show enduring differences in trust in science by social class, ethnicity, gender, church attendance, and region. I explore the implications of these findings, specifically, the potential for political divisions to emerge over the cultural authority of science and the social role of experts in the formation of public policy.
NEUTRON IMAGING FOR ARCHAEOMETRY

This paper gives an overview of neutron imaging applied to cultural heritage science. After introducing the potential of non-destructive imaging techniques (both with neutrons and X-rays), principles of neutron absorption radiography (NR) and tomography (NT) are described and compared to the corresponding X-ray radiography (XR) and tomography (XT). Examples of archaeometric applications made with NR/NT and presented hereafter are related to three major topics: (1) The technological studies investigate the details of the manufacturing method. (2) The functional studies determine the utilization of the objects by examination of the internal content (residues). (3) The corrosion or conservation studies focus on the preservation state and methods of the object. Neutron imaging is proved to be a powerful non-invasive tool in archaeometry, especially for the visualization of organic contents inside metals or less-dense matrices. Synergies between X-ray and neutron imaging are also highlighted.
The Changes of Ginsenoside Patterns in Red Ginseng Processed by Organic Acid Impregnation Pretreatment

In order to enhance bioactive functionalities of ginseng, an acid impregnation processing was applied as a pre-treatment in producing red ginseng. Acid impregnation studies were conducted, and acids (ascorbic, malic, and citric acid) were selected. The optimal concentration of each acid was investigated in this study in terms of ginsenoside contents. The most concerned ginsenoside, Rg3 was increased by ascorbic, malic, and citric acid pre-treated red ginseng up to 1 M acid concentration. In the case of ascorbic acid pre-treated red ginseng, Rg2 concentration was increased depending on acid concentrations. Citric acid pre-treatment enhanced Rg2, Rg3, and Rh1+Rh2 formation in red ginseng. Therefore, ginsenoside patterns in red ginseng could be changed by acid impregnation pre-treatment depending on acid concentration and acid types. This research is expected to contribute to the development of the ginseng industry via new red ginseng products with selective and intensified functionality.
Kernel space for text analysis based on fuzzy neighborhoods

A natural Euclidean space is defined on a set of texts as sequences or hierarchical structures. Unlike the traditional term-document model, the present model takes local topological structure of texts. Kernel functions are defined that enable the use of Euclidean spaces and hence methods of data analysis based on kernels are applicable to the present model. Applications include agglomerative as well as c-means clustering and principal component analysis. Numerical examples are shown.
A Local Frequency Analysis of Light Scattering and Absorption

Rendering participating media requires significant computation, but the effect of volumetric scattering is often eventually smooth. This article proposes an innovative analysis of absorption and scattering of local light fields in the Fourier domain and derives the corresponding set of operators on the covariance matrix of the power spectrum of the light field. This analysis brings an efficient prediction tool for the behavior of light along a light path in participating media. We leverage this analysis to derive proper frequency prediction metrics in 3D by combining per-light path information in the volume. We demonstrate the use of these metrics to significantly improve the convergence of a variety of existing methods for the simulation of multiple scattering in participating media. First, we propose an efficient computation of second derivatives of the fluence, to be used in methods like irradiance caching. Second, we derive proper filters and adaptive sample densities for image-space adaptive sampling and reconstruction. Third, we propose an adaptive sampling for the integration of scattered illumination to the camera. Finally, we improve the convergence of progressive photon beams by predicting where the radius of light gathering can stop decreasing. Light paths in participating media can be very complex. Our key contribution is to show that analyzing local light fields in the Fourier domain reveals the consistency of illumination in such media and provides a set of simple and useful rules to be used to accelerate existing global illumination methods.
Reviving Galápagos snails : ancient DNA extraction and amplification from shells of probably extinct Galápagos endemic land snails

Snail shells represent an abundant source of information about the organisms that build them, which is particularly vital and relevant for species that are locally or globally extinct. Access to genetic information from snail shells can be valuable, yet previous protocols for extraction of DNA from empty shells have met with extremely low success rates, particularly from shells weathered from long-term exposure to environmental conditions. Here we present two simple protocols for the extraction and amplification of DNA from empty land snail shells from specimens of Galápagos endemic snails, including presumably extinct species. We processed 35 shells of the genus Naesiotus (Bulimulidae) from the Galápagos islands, some from species that have not been observed alive in the past 50 years. We amplified and sequenced short fragments ( 244 bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 18 specimens. Our results indicate that the implementation of an ancient DNA extraction protocol and careful primer design to target short DNA fragments can result in successful recovery of mtDNA data from such specimens.
Simple Statistical Analysis of the Impact of Some Nonidealities in Downstream VDSL with Linear Precoding

This paper considers a VDSL downstream system where crosstalk is compensated by linear precoding. Starting from a recently introduced mathematical model for FEXT channels, simple analytical methods are derived for evaluating the average bit rates achievable, taking into account three of the most important nonidealities. First, absolute and relative estimation errors in the crosstalk coefficients are discussed, and explicit formulas are obtained to express their impact. A simple approach is presented for computing the maximum line length where linear precoding overcomes the noncoordinate system. Then, the effect of out-of-domain crosstalk is analyzed. Finally, quantization errors in precoding coefficients are considered. We show that by the assumption of a midtread quantization law with different thresholds, a relatively small number of quantization bits is sufficient, thus reducing the implementation complexity. The presented formulas allow to quantify the impact of practical impairments and give a useful tool to design engineers and service providers to have a first estimation of the performance achievable in a specified scenario.
Enhanced topic distillation using text, markup tags, and hyperlinks

Topic distillation is the analysis of hyperlink graph structure to identify mutually reinforcing authorities (popular pages) and hubs (comprehensive lists of links to authorities). Topic distillation is becoming common in Web search engines, but the best-known algorithms model the Web graph at a coarse grain, with whole pages as single nodes. Such models may lose vital details in the markup tag structure of the pages, and thus lead to a tightly linked irrelevant subgraph winning over a relatively sparse relevant subgraph, a phenomenon called topic drift or contamination. The problem gets especially severe in the face of increasingly complex pages with navigation panels and advertisement links. We present an enhanced topic distillation algorithm which analyzes text, the markup tag trees that constitute HTML pages, and hyperlinks between pages. It thereby identifies subtrees which have high text- and hyperlink-based coherence w.r. t. the query. These subtrees get preferential treatment in the mutual reinforcement process. Using over 50 queries, 28 from earlier topic distillation work, we analyzed over 700,000 pages and obtained quantitative and anecdotal evidence that the new algorithm reduces topic drift.
Southern ( SAIS ) 3-1-2006 Power Issues in G 2 G E-Government Applications

This paper addresses a type of wicked problem in the design of information systems in the context of G2G e-Government information systems. These problems, called power issues, have all of the characteristics of wicked problems; however, they are differentiated from them because their roots are based in power. The Power Perspectives Framework from Bradshaw-Camball and Murray is utilized in the context of these G2G systems to provide a framework for the identification and classification of power issues and Courtney’s DSS paradigm is extended to assist in resolving them by incorporating the power perspective into the methodology.
The Chromatin Protein DUET/MMD1 Controls Expression of the Meiotic Gene TDM1 during Male Meiosis in Arabidopsis

Meiosis produces haploid cells essential for sexual reproduction. In yeast, entry into meiosis activates transcription factors which trigger a transcriptional cascade that results in sequential co-expression of early, middle and late meiotic genes. However, these factors are not conserved, and the factors and regulatory mechanisms that ensure proper meiotic gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes are poorly understood. Here, we report that DUET/MMD1, a PHD finger protein essential for Arabidopsis male meiosis, functions as a transcriptional regulator in plant meiosis. We find that DUET-PHD binds H3K4me2 in vitro, and show that this interaction is critical for function during meiosis. We also show that DUET is required for proper microtubule organization during meiosis II, independently of its function in meiosis I. Remarkably, DUET protein shows stage-specific expression, confined to diplotene. We identify two genes TDM1 and JAS with critical functions in cell cycle transitions and spindle organization in male meiosis, as DUET targets, with TDM1 being a direct target. Thus, DUET is required to regulate microtubule organization and cell cycle transitions during male meiosis, and functions as a direct transcription activator of the meiotic gene TDM1. Expression profiling showed reduced expression of a subset comprising about 12% of a known set of meiosis preferred genes in the duet mutant. Our results reveal the action of DUET as a transcriptional regulator during male meiosis in plants, and suggest that transcription of meiotic genes is under stagewise control in plants as in yeast.
AN EFFICIENT COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH FOR MULTITARGET TRACKING FROM BEARINGS-ONLY MEASUREMENTS BY DECENTRALIZED COOPERATIVE PROCESSING

This paper firstly has proved that the well known Hungarian type assignment algorithms [14, 4] embedded in the relaxation-based maximum-likelihood (ML) solution for a bearings-only passive multitarget-multisensor tracking problem can be replaced by a much simpler sorting algorithm of O(N log N) complexity, provided that the sensor system is ideal such that the system has no cluttering points nor missing data. A new computationally efficient ML-based relaxation method for multitarget motion analysis under a fixed networked multisensor environment is then developed by exploiting a new cooperative decentralized processing scheme of [15]. Embedding locally an optimal data association algorithm of O(N log N) into each of Gauss-Newton’s downhill iteration loops, our simulations show that we are able to track multiple targets with improved accuracy and efficiency, where all targets are allowed to move in variable directions at varying speeds. The solution we have developed constitutes a suboptimal solution in the sense of [14, 8] because an optimal solution is embedded within part of the entire optimization problem. keywords: Hungarian Algorithm, data associate problem, multitarget motion tracking, bearings-only measurement, distributed passive sensor network, cooperative processing
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILISER ON THE GROWTH OF RYEGRASSES WITH DIFFERENT TOLERANCES TO PULLING

Plots of high endophyte pipeline ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) lines, coded A1 and A3, were established on the Dairying Research Corporation No 2 Dairy in May, 1994. Three plots of each line were drilled on a silt loam and three on a peaty silt loam soil. Half the area of each plot received nitrogen (N) fertiliser (30 kg N/ha) following grazings from September, 1995 to February, 1996. Line A1 consistently pulled more than did A3 and pulling was worse on the peat. N fertiliser increased post-flowering tillering especially for A1. Line A1 had a higher leaf shear strength (6.21 vs 5.91 kg, SED = 0.087*) and a wider leaf (3.40 vs 3.22 mm, SED = 0.054*) than A3. These morphological differences were considered important determinants of the observed pulling differences, and since A1 outyielded A3, plant losses due to pulling did not cause a serious loss of herbage dry matter.
Differential usage of three exons generates at least five different mRNAs encoding human leukocyte common antigens

Leukocyte common antigens (LCAs, also known as T200 and CD 45) are integral membrane proteins expressed exclusively on hematopoietic cells. These molecules exhibit varying molecular masses and epitopes when expressed in different cell types. To determine the genetic bases for the generation of this diversity, three classes of human LCA cDNA clones that are different near their 5' ends have been isolated. These differences arose as a result of differential usage of three exons as determined from an analysis of a genomic DNA clone. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis with LCA exon-specific probes demonstrates the existence of at least two more LCA mRNA forms that are generated by differential splicing. A comparison of the human and mouse LCA protein sequences revealed a marked difference only in the extracellular domain.
Wearable Technology in the Rehabilitation Hospital of the Future

Wearable systems for continuous monitoring of patient status could positively affect the quality of patient management in rehabilitation hospitals. Wireless systems are particularly attractive in the context of monitoring patients over periods of a few days to a week. Special garments constitute an appealing solution for monitoring patients over periods of weeks to months. Two main categories of applications are relevant to rehabilitation medicine: 1) monitoring patients in the inpatient units and 2) monitoring patients in an outpatient setting
Neutron/Gamma Discrimination Utilizing Fuzzy C-Means Clustering of the Signal from the Liquid Scintillator

The fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering method was applied to the neutron/gamma discrimination of the pulses from the liquid scintillator. An experimental setup termed the portable real-time n/γ discriminator with a BC-501A liquid scintillator detector was used to collect waveforms with a 500 Ms/s, 12 bit sampling ADC. The FCM clustering and PGA were applied to the same pulses dataset respectively and the results were compared to each other. Compared to the PGA, the FCM clustering decreased the uncertainty thus improved the discrimination performance. The implementation of FCM clustering in the digital devices also reduced the cost and simplified the algorithm.