Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Implications of Current LHC Supersymmetry and Dark Matter Detection Searches for the Constrained MSSM

We investigate the impact of recent limits from LHC searches for supersymmetry and from direct and indirect searches for dark matter on global Bayesian inferences of the parameter space of the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM). In particular we apply recent exclusion limits from the CMS \alpha_T analysis of 1.1/fb of integrated luminosity, the current direct detection dark matter limit from XENON100, as well as recent experimental constraints on \gamma-ray fluxes from dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies of the Milky Way from the FermiLAT telescope, in addition to updating values for other non-LHC experimental constraints. We extend the range of scanned parameters to include a significant fraction of the focus point/hyperbolic branch region. While we confirm earlier conclusions that at present LHC limits provide the strongest constraints on the model's parameters, we also find that when the uncertainties are not treated in an excessively conservative way, the new bounds from dwarf spheroidal have the power to significantly constrain the focus point/hyperbolic branch region. Their effect is then comparable, if not stronger, to that from XENON100. We further analyze the effects of one-year projected sensitivities on the neutrino flux from the Sun in the 86-string IceCube+DeepCore configuration at the South Pole. We show that data on neutrinos from the Sun, expected for the next few months at IceCube and DeepCore, have the potential to further constrain the same region of parameter space independently of the LHC and can yield additional investigating power for the model.
Affinity- and topology-dependent bound on current fluctuations

We provide a proof of a recently conjectured universal bound on current fluctuations in Markovian processes. This bound establishes a link between the fluctuations of an individual observable current, the cycle affinities driving the system into a non-equilibrium steady state, and the topology of the network. The proof is based on a decomposition of the network into independent cycles with both positive affinity and positive stationary cycle current. This formalism allows for a refinement of the bound for systems in equilibrium or with locally vanishing affinities.
Proximal Binaural Sound Can Induce Subjective Frisson

Auditory frisson is the experience of feeling of cold or shivering related to sound in the absence of a physical cold stimulus. Multiple examples of frisson-inducing sounds have been reported, but the mechanism of auditory frisson remains elusive. Typical frisson-inducing sounds may contain a looming effect, in which a sound appears to approach the listener's peripersonal space. Previous studies on sound in peripersonal space have provided objective measurements of sound-inducing effects, but few have investigated the subjective experience of frisson-inducing sounds. Here we explored whether it is possible to produce subjective feelings of frisson by moving a noise sound (white noise, rolling beads noise, or frictional noise produced by rubbing a plastic bag) stimulus around a listener's head. Our results demonstrated that sound-induced frisson can be experienced stronger when auditory stimuli are rotated around the head (binaural moving sounds) than the one without the rotation (monaural static sounds), regardless of the source of the noise sound. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that several acoustic features of auditory stimuli, such as variance of interaural level difference (ILD), loudness, and sharpness, were correlated with the magnitude of subjective frisson. We had also observed that the subjective feelings of frisson by moving a musical sound had increased comparing with a static musical sound.
Anharmonicity of multi-octupole-phonon excitations in 208 Pb: Analysis with multireference covariant density functional theory and subbarrier fusion of 16 O+ 208 Pb

We discuss anharmonicity of the multi-octupole-phonon states in $^{208}$Pb based on a covariant density functional theory, by fully taking into account the interplay between the quadrupole and the octupole degrees of freedom. Our results indicate the existence of a large anharmonicity in the transition strengths, even though the excitation energies are similar to those in the harmonic limit. We also show that the quadrupole-shape fluctuation significantly enhances the fragmentation of the two-octupole-phonon states in $^{208}$Pb. Using those transition strengths as inputs to coupled channels calculations, we then discuss the fusion reaction of $^{16}$O+$^{208}$Pb at energies around the Coulomb barrier. We show that the anharmonicity of the octupole vibrational excitation considerably improves previous coupled-channels calculations in the harmonic oscillator limit, significantly reducing the height of the main peak in the fusion barrier distribution.
Digital car key scheme based on BLE SIM card

The digital car key is available on smart devices now. People no longer have to bring the key fob to unlock and start the engine. The existing schemes have some problems, such as poor device compatibility and poor user experience. In this paper, we proposed an unperceived digital car key scheme based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) SIM card. After owner paring, the vehicle automatically locks/unlocks when the terminal device with the BLE SIM card approaches/leaves it. The data of the digital car key is stored in the secure element of the Bluetooth SIM card. The digital credentials are exchanged and mutually authenticated through a Bluetooth connection between the vehicle and the BLE SIM card. Compared to the existing schemes, our scheme has better device compatibility and a better user experience.
Carbon production on accreting neutron stars in a new regime of stable nuclear burning

Accreting neutron stars exhibit Type I X-ray bursts from both frequent hydrogen/helium flashes as well as rare carbon flashes. The latter (superbursts) ignite in the ashes of the former. Hydrogen/helium bursts, however, are thought to produce insufficient carbon to power superbursts. Stable burning could create the required carbon, but this was predicted to only occur at much larger accretion rates than where superbursts are observed. We present models of a new steady-state regime of stable hydrogen and helium burning that produces pure carbon ashes. Hot CNO burning of hydrogen heats the neutron star envelope and causes helium to burn before the conditions of a helium flash are reached. This takes place when the mass accretion rate is around 10% of the Eddington limit: close to the rate where most superbursts occur. We find that increased heating at the base of the envelope sustains steady-state burning by steepening the temperature profile, which increases the amount of helium that burns before a runaway can ensue.
A Wideband Circularly Polarized Transmitarray Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

A wideband circularly polarized (CP) transmitarray antenna (TA) is presented for millimeter-wave applications. First, a wideband CP TA element is designed by combining two wideband antennas, one of which is a linearly polarized (LP) magnetoelectric (ME)-dipole antenna, and the other is a CP antenna with orthogonal electric-dipole mode and patch mode. Both of the two antennas are fed by a probe from the center of the unit cell; thus, the CP antenna can be rotated freely to realize the required phase shift. Then, a CP TA with $15\times 15$ elements is designed based on the unit cell proposed here. To excite the proposed TA, a fully metallic ME-dipole-based antenna array featuring wide operating bandwidth with a low profile and ease for assembling is used as the source antenna. Finally, by integrating the CP TA with the source antenna, a prototyped millimeter-wave CP TA is designed, fabricated, and measured. Experimental results show that the gain of the proposed CP TA is up to 25.6 dBic at 33 GHz with a peak aperture efficiency of 44%. The 3 dB gain bandwidth is 33.8%, and the axial ratio (AR) is smaller than 2 dB within a bandwidth of 37.5% from 26 to 38 GHz.
Flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifiers: Hysteretic flux response and nondegenerate gain measurements

Stefan Pogorzalek, 2, ∗ Kirill G. Fedorov, 2 Ling Zhong, 2, 3 Jan Goetz, 2 Friedrich Wulschner, 2 Michael Fischer, 2, 3 Peter Eder, 2, 3 Edwar Xie, 2, 3 Kunihiro Inomata, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Yasunobu Nakamura, Achim Marx, Frank Deppe, 2, 3 and Rudolf Gross 2, 3, † Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan NEC IoT Device Research Laboratories, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8501, Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan (Dated: September 29, 2016)
The Lagrangian Deformation Structure of Three-Dimensional Steady Flow

Fluid deformation and strain history are central to wide range of fluid mechanical phenomena ranging from fluid mixing and particle transport to stress development in complex fluids and the formation of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs). To understand and model these processes it is necessary to quantify Lagrangian deformation in terms of Eulerian flow properties, currently an open problem. To elucidate this link we develop a Protean (streamline) coordinate transform for steady three-dimensional (3D) flows which renders both the velocity gradient and deformation gradient upper triangular. This frame not only simplifies computation of fluid deformation metrics such as fi? nite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLEs) and elucidates the deformation structure of the flow, but moreover explicitly recovers kinematic and topological constraints upon deformation such as those related to helicity density and the Poincar\'{e}-Bendixson theorem. We apply this transform to several classes of steady 3D flow, including helical and non-helical, compressible and incompressible flows, and ? find random flows exhibit remarkably simple (Gaussian) deformation structure, and so are fully characterised in terms of a small number of parameters. As such this technique provides the basis for the development of stochastic models of fluid deformation in random flows which adhere to the kinematic constraints inherent to various flow classes.
On the puzzling plateau in the specific star formation rate at z= 2–7

The observational indications for a constant specific star formation rate (sSFR) in the redshift range z= 2–7 are puzzling in the context of current galaxy-formation models. Despite the tentative nature of the data, their marked conflict with theory motivates a study of the possible implications. The plateau at sSFR ∼ 2 Gyr−1 is hard to reproduce because (a) its level is low compared to the cosmological specific accretion rate at z≥ 6, (b) it is higher than the latter at z∼ 2, (c) the natural correlation between SFR and stellar mass makes it difficult to manipulate their ratio, and (d) a low SFR at a high z makes it hard to produce enough massive galaxies by z∼ 2. Using a flexible semi-analytic model, we explore ad hoc modifications to the standard physical recipes trying to obey the puzzling observational constraints. Successful models involve non-trivial modifications, such as (a) a suppressed SFR at z≥ 4 in galaxies of all masses, by enhanced feedback or reduced SFR efficiency, following an initial active phase at z > 7; (b) a delayed gas consumption into stars, allowing the gas that was prohibited from forming stars or ejected at high z to form stars later in more massive galaxies; and (c) enhanced growth of massive galaxies, in terms of either faster assembly or more efficient starbursts in mergers, or by efficient star formation in massive haloes.
Interpretation of Pulsed-Field-Gradient NMR in Terms of Molecular Displacements

The relationship for Pulsed-Field-Gradient NMR between the amplitude $I(t)$ of the spin echo and the molecular displacement ${\bf X}(t)$ is examined. $I(t)$ of a single species in a simple solution is determined by the mean-square displacement $\bar{X(t)^{2}}$. With polydisperse species, or molecular probes in complex fluids showing memory effects, $I(t)$ in general includes large contributions from all higher even moments $\bar{X(t)^{2n}}$. Conditions under which the NMR signal is indeed determined by the molecular mean-square displacement are noted. A diagnostic that sometimes identifies when these conditions are not met is presented.
Searching for γ-ray signature in WHSP blazars - Fermi-LAT detection of 150 excess signal in the 0.3−500 GeV band

Aims. A direct search of γ -ray emission centered on multifrequency selected candidates is a valuable complementary approach to the standard search adopted in current γ -ray Fermi -LAT catalogs. Our sources are part of the 2WHSP sample that was assembled with the aim of providing targets for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT). A likelihood analysis based on their known position enabled us to detect 150 γ -ray excess signals that have not yet been reported in previous γ -ray catalogs (1FGL, 2FGL, 3FGL). By identifying new sources, we solve a fraction of the extragalactic isotropic γ -ray background (IGRB) composition, improving the description of the γ -ray sky. Methods. We perform data reduction with the Fermi Science Tools using positions from 400 high synchrotron peaked (HSP) blazars as seeds of tentative γ -ray sources; none of them have counterparts from previous 1FGL, 2FGL and 3FGL catalogs. Our candidates are part of the 2WHSP sample (currently the largest set of HSP blazars). We focus on HSPs characterized by bright synchrotron component with peak flux ν f ( ν ) ≥ 10 -12.1 erg/cm 2 /s, testing the hypothesis of having a γ -ray source in correspondence to the WHSP positions. Our likelihood analysis considers the 0.3−500 GeV energy band, integrating over 7.2 yr of Fermi -LAT observation and making use of the Pass 8 data release. Results. From the 400 candidates tested, a total of 150 2WHSPs showed excess γ -ray signature: 85 high-significance detections with test statistic (TS) > 25, and 65 lower-significance detections with TS between 10 to 25. We assume a power law spectrum in the 0.3−500 GeV band and list the spectrum parameters describing all 150 new γ -ray sources. We study the γ -ray photon spectral index distribution, the likelihood of detection according to the synchrotron peak brightness (figure of merit parameter), and plot the measured γ -ray Log N -Log S of HSP blazars, also discussing the portion of the IGRB that has been resolved by the present work. We also report on four cases where we could resolve source confusion and find counterparts for unassociated 3FGL sources with the help of high-energy TS maps together with multifrequency data. The 150 new γ -ray sources are named with the acronym 1BIGB for the first version of the Brazil ICRANet Gamma-ray Blazar catalog, in reference to the cooperation agreement supporting this work.
Spin Model of O2-Based Magnet in a Nanoporous Metal Complex

Inelastic neutron scattering experiments are performed on the nanoporous metal complex Cu-trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (Cu-CHD) adsorbing O2 molecules to identify the spin model of the O2-based magnet realized in the host complex. It is found that the magnetic excitations of Cu-CHDs adsorbing low- and high-concentration O2 molecules are explained by different spin models, the former by spin dimers and the latter by spin trimers. By using the obtained parameters and by assuming that the levels of the group of the highest energy states are reduced because of the nonnegligible spin dependence of the molecular potential of oxygen, the magnetization curves are explained quantitatively.
Thermal Structure of a Protoplanetary Disk around HD 163296: A Study of Vertical Temperature Distribution by CO Emission Lines

This paper presents observations of a protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 in 12 CO (J = 1–0), 12 CO (J = 3–2), 13 CO (J = 1–0), and 13 CO (J = 3–2) emission lines. Double-peaked emission profiles originating from the rotating circumstellar disk were detected in all of the lines. The disk parameters were estimated from model calculations in which the radial distribution of the temperature or surface density inside the disk had a power-law form. The surface density should be sufficiently high so that the disk is optically thick for all of the CO lines, as discussed in previous studies based on interferometric observations. The temperature and outer radius of the disk were also confirmed to be consistent with the previous results. Taking advantage of the difference in the position of the photosphere among the CO lines, we revealed the temperature distribution in the vertical direction. The temperature of the 12 CO (J = 3–2) emitting region is about twice higher than that of any other CO emitting region; the former is 58.5 ˙ 9.5 K, while the latter is 31 ˙ 15 K at 100 AU from the central star, suggesting that there are at least two distinct temperature regions. The best-fit temperature for 13 CO (J = 1–0) that should trace the deepest region of the disk is even lower, implying that there is also a different temperature region deep inside of the disk. Such a vertical temperature distribution in a disk was identified both in T Tauri and Herbig Ae stars (e.g., DM Tau, AB Aur, and HD 31648), and this should be a common feature in protoplanetary disks.
A frequency-dependent variable-damping control based variable-orifice damper for smart base-isolation system

Damping devices are commonly used in the isolation layer of base-isolated structures to provide additional damping to control the structural responses. Normally, large damping for the isolation layer is useful to minimize the resonance effect under low-frequency ground motions, and small damping is preferred to reduce the structural responses under high-frequency ground motions. Traditional passive dampers are widely adopted in engineering practice. Due to the fixed damping characteristic, however, the performance of base-isolated structures with passive dampers cannot stay optimal under ground motions with different frequency characteristics. To realize an optimal control of base-isolated structures, semi-active control has been increasingly valued for its efficiency and intelligence to adjust the damping characteristics based on feedback information from the structure and ground motion. However, a large number of sensors and hardware components are required for semi-active control, which makes the system complex and costly. In this paper, a variable-orifice damper (VOD) for smart base-isolation system is proposed. The VOD can adaptably adjust its damping according to the frequency of the ground motion without additional power or sensors. Theoretical analysis and sinusoidal excitation tests were carried out to investigate the behavior of VOD. A series of numerical simulations of a base‐isolated structure equipped with the proposed VOD and subjected to ground motions are also conducted. A semi-active control with ON-OFF strategy, and two passive controls (passive-on and passive-off) are conducted for comparison. The simulation results show that the VOD can result in an optimal control under ground motions with different frequency characteristics.
Classical and quantum regimes of two-dimensional turbulence in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates

We investigate two-dimensional turbulence in finite-temperature trapped Bose-Einstein condensates within damped Gross-Pitaevskii theory. Turbulence is produced via circular motion of a Gaussian potential barrier stirring the condensate. We systematically explore a range of stirring parameters and identify three regimes, characterized by the injection of distinct quantum vortex structures into the condensate: (A) periodic vortex dipole injection, (B) irregular injection of a mixture of vortex dipoles and co-rotating vortex clusters, and (C) continuous injection of oblique solitons that decay into vortex dipoles. Spectral analysis of the kinetic energy associated with vortices reveals that regime (B) can intermittently exhibit a Kolmogorov k 53 power law over almost a decade of length or wave-number (k) scales. The kinetic energy spectrum of regime (C) exhibits a clear k32 power law associated with an inertial range for weak-wave turbulence and a k72 power law for high wave numbers. We thus identify distinct regimes of forcing for generating either two-dimensional quantum turbulence or classical weak-wave turbulence that may be realizable experimentally.
With Time We Learn to Trust Others? Long-Standing Ethnic Diversity, Recent Immigration, and Out-Group Trust in Russia

This article examines the relationship between ethnic diversity and out-group trust in contemporary Russia, while distinguishing between long-standing ethnic diversity and recent immigration. In contrast to previous research that tested whether past regional experience with diversity is related to people's attitudes toward out-group members, we focus on long-standing ethnic diversity, defined as diversity resulting from the long-term coexistence of ethnic groups in a region, not recent immigration. We hypothesize that while the presence of out-groups may initially be threatening to the members of an ethnic group, long-standing diversity has positive consequences for intergroup relations. Using 2015 survey data combined with census and official registration data from Russian regions, we found that inhabitants of regions with higher levels of long-standing ethnic diversity tended to show higher out-group trust, while accounting for socio-economic characteristics of the regions and of individuals. In contrast, inhabitants of regions with higher recent immigration tended to have lower out-group trust, all else held constant. While these associations were weak, they speak in favor of a dynamic model of intergroup trust, which involves learning about others through mutual coexistence. We also acknowledge that the autochthonous status of ethnic minorities and existing institutional arrangements regarding different ethnic groups in Russia may additionally contribute to the development of trust.
Metallicity-Dependent Transformations for Red Giants with Synthetic Colours of UBV and ugr

Abstract We present metallicity-dependent transformation equations between UBV and SDSS ugr colours for red giants with synthetic data. The ranges of the colours used for the transformations are 0.400 ≤ (B − V)0 ≤ 1.460, −0.085 ≤ (U − B)0 ≤ 1.868, 0.291 ≤ (g − r)0 ≤ 1.326, and 1.030 ≤ (u − g)0 ≤ 3.316 mag, and cover almost all the observational colours of red giants. We applied the transformation equations to six clusters with different metallicities and compared the resulting (u − g)0 colours with those estimated by the calibration of the fiducial sequences of the clusters. The mean and standard deviation of the residuals for all clusters are = −0.01 and σ(u − g)0 = 0.07 mag, respectively. We showed that interstellar reddening plays an important role on the derived colours. The transformations can be applied to clusters as well as to field stars. They can be used to extend the colour range of the red giants in the clusters which are restricted due to the saturation of the SDSS data.