Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shallow-velocity models at the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of tremor wavefields

The properties of the surface wavefield at Kilauea Volcano are analysed using data from small-aperture arrays of short-period seismometers deployed in and around the Kilauea caldera. Tremor recordings were obtained during two Japan-US cooperative experiments conducted in 1996 and 1997. The seismometers were deployed in three semi-circular arrays with apertures of 300, 300 and 400 m, and a linear array with length of 1680 m. Data are analysed using a spatio-temporal correlation technique well suited for the study of the stationary stochastic wavefields of Rayleigh and Love waves associated with volcanic activity and scattering sources distributed in and around the summit caldera. Spatial autocorrelation coefficients are obtained as a function of frequency and are inverted for the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh and Love waves using a grid search that seeks phase velocities for which the L-2 norm between data and forward modelling operators is minimized. Within the caldera, the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves range from 1400 to 1800 m s - 1 at 1 Hz down to 300-400 m s - 1 at 10 Hz, and the phase velocities of Love waves range from 2600 to 400 m s - 1 within the same frequency band. Outside the caldera, Rayleigh wave velocities range from 1800 to 1600 m s - 1 at 1 Hz down to 260-360 m s - 1 at 10 Hz, and Love wave velocities range from 600 to 150 m s - 1 within the same frequency band. The dispersion curves are inverted for velocity structure beneath each array, assuming these dispersions represent the fundamental modes of Rayleigh and Love waves. The velocity structures observed at different array sites are consistent with results from a recent 3-D traveltime tomography of the caldera region, and point to a marked velocity discontinuity associated with the southern caldera boundary.
PROMOTION STRATEGIES IN CONSUMER PARADOX TOWARDS WORD OF MOUTH BRAND EQUITY

Objective of the study: This study is unique because it has incorporated two concepts, brand equity, and WOM, in a model to understand how the factors assimilate and improve consumers' understanding of WOM and brand equity. The study have focused on the local allied brand. Methodology: The study used the mall intercept method to collect data based on a self-administered questionnaire. The study distributed 415 blank questionnaires and received 403 filled questionnaires. The study have used Smart PLS for statistical analysis that included reliability and validity analyses, Findings: The study have used Smart PLS version 3.3 for statistical analysis, and test propositions relations to the consumer psychology, the study results supported seven hypotheses. The study did not find support on (i) perceived quality and WOM and (ii) satisfaction and WOM. Similarly, of the seven indirect hypotheses, the study also did not find support for three, which are (i) Association mediates awareness and brand equity, (ii) WOM mediates perceived Quality and brand equity, and (iii) WOM mediates satisfaction and brand equity. Theoretical Contributions: The study has tested a multi-mediating relationship which will provide more insight into the discussed phenomenon. It is the first study incorporating four drivers of WOM and four drivers of brand equity in a single study. The study adopted a holistic approach by testing seven direct, nine indirect, and one multi-mediating relationship Significance of the study: Perhaps, this is the first study that has developed a new model containing four variables associated with brand equity and another four related WOM in one study. Past studies have examined brand image and WOM with a narrow perspective. Most of them have used about seven or eight relationships. The study has taken a holistic approach and examined nine direct and seven mediating relationships. A holistic approach is necessary as the study has four antecedents related to WOM and four related to brand equity.
Mapping the Field

Hofstede's investigation of culture and cultural dimensions is the most widely cited research in the analysis of topics related to the field. How the author presented his work had an impact in the past, and still has an impact on today's scholars and practitioners who, thanks to its dimensions, are able to implement a framework that helps to deepen processes of cross-cultural relationships. However, such innovative research has often been criticised by the same academics that were putting it into practice. On the other hand, many scholars consider his work to be a milestone. This chapter reviews Hofstede's cultural dimensions and explores both sides of the argument, summarising the pros and cons of applying his approach to ethics and sustainability. The work also recommends areas for further discussion and research, as three of the dimensions proposed by Hofstede will become foundation for the development of the remainder of this book.
Copy number variants and selective sweeps in natural populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus)

Copy–number variants (CNVs) may play an important role in early adaptations, potentially facilitating rapid divergence of populations. We describe an approach to study this question by investigating CNVs present in natural populations of mice in the early stages of divergence and their involvement in selective sweeps. We have analyzed individuals from two recently diverged natural populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) from Germany and France using custom, high–density, comparative genome hybridization arrays (CGH) that covered almost 164 Mb and 2444 genes. One thousand eight hundred and sixty one of those genes we previously identified as differentially expressed between these populations, while the expression of the remaining genes was invariant. In total, we identified 1868 CNVs across all 10 samples, 200 bp to 600 kb in size and affecting 424 genic regions. Roughly two thirds of all CNVs found were deletions. We found no enrichment of CNVs among the differentially expressed genes between the populations compared to the invariant ones, nor any meaningful correlation between CNVs and gene expression changes. Among the CNV genes, we found cellular component gene ontology categories of the synapse overrepresented among all the 2444 genes tested. To investigate potential adaptive significance of the CNV regions, we selected six that showed large differences in frequency of CNVs between the two populations and analyzed variation in at least two microsatellites surrounding the loci in a sample of 46 unrelated animals from the same populations collected in field trappings. We identified two loci with large differences in microsatellite heterozygosity (Sfi1 and Glo1/Dnahc8 regions) and one locus with low variation across the populations (Cmah), thus suggesting that these genomic regions might have recently undergone selective sweeps. Interestingly, the Glo1 CNV has previously been implicated in anxiety–like behavior in mice, suggesting a differential evolution of a behavioral trait.
Word2Vec using Character n-grams

This paper outlines an approach to improving upon the word2vec skip-gram model. In order to obtain better word representations for morphologically rich languages and to yield more accurate results for rare or unseen words. A word representation is derived from the vector embeddings of its constituent n-grams, which are updated and learned in the training process. We train two models on an English corpus: one with 3-gram embeddings, and another with 2to 6-gram embeddings. We evaluate the models using word similarity and word analogy tasks and comparing to a word2vec skip-gram baseline.
DESIGN AND ESTIMATION FOR LARGE FEDERAL SURVEYS USING ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss how administrative and survey da ta can be jo in t l y used in making inferences about U.S. income and employment. Despite the paper's t i t l e , primary attention wi l l be given to the Current Population Survey (CPS) conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Proposed changes in this vehicle are examined based on the incorporation of administrative information from the Social Security Administration (SSA) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Most of the comments made in the paper grow out of record linkage research conducted by the Census Bureau with SSA and IRS participation [ l ] .
Formation of coalition structures as a non-cooperative game 1: theory

The paper defines a non-cooperative simultaneous finite game to study coalition structure formation with intra and inter-coalition externalities. The novelty of the game is that the game definition embeds a \textit{coalition structure formation mechanism}. This mechanism portions a set of strategies of the game into partition-specific strategy domains, what makes every partition to be a non-cooperative game with partition-specific payoffs for every player. The mechanism includes a maximum coalition size, a set of eligible partitions with coalitions sizes no greater than this number (which also serves as a restriction for a maximum number of deviators) and a coalition structure formation rule. The paper defines a family of nested non-cooperative games parametrized by a size of a maximum coalition size. Every game in the family has an equilibrium in mixed strategies. The equilibrium can generate more than one coalition and encompasses intra and inter group externalities, what makes it different from the Shapley value. Presence of individual payoff allocation makes it different from a strong Nash, coalition-proof equilibrium, and some other equilibrium concepts. The accompanying papers demonstrate applications of the proposed toolkit.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Entangled ethnography

In this work, we develop a vision for entangled ethnography , where constellations of people, artefacts, algorithms and data come together to collectively make sense of the relations between people and objects. This is grounded in New Materialism’s picture of a world understood through entanglement, through resonant constellations, through a multiplicity of unique individual viewpoints and their relationships. These perspectives are especially relevant for design ethnography, in particular for research around smart connected products, which collect data about their environment, the networks they are a part of, and the ways they are used. However, we are concerned about the current trend of many connected systems towards surveillance capitalism , as data is colonised, machi-nations are hidden, and a narrow definition of value is extracted. There is a key tension that while design, particularly of networked objects, attempts to go beyond human centeredness, the infrastructures that support it are moving towards a less than human perspective in their race to accumulate and dispossess. Our work tries to imagine the situations where participants in networked systems are richly engaged, rather than exploited. We hope for a future where human agency is central to a respectful and acceptable collaborative development of understanding.
Generating system documentation augmented with traceability information , using a central XML-based repository Master ’ s Thesis

Many companies have difficulties with creating and maintaining proper documentation of the systems they build. In my Master’s graduation project, I investigated a new way of creating and maintaining documentation of any type of system. The project rests on two pillars: generating documentation from a central repository on one hand, and adding traceability support on the other. Since the project took place at the software development department of Chess, for validation, the approach was applied to creating software systems. The prototype that was created and validated, consists of a plug-in for the Eclipse IDE, and a command line application. The installation of the plug-in enriches the Eclipse environment with functionality for creation and maintenance of documentation, as well as several types of analyses based on traceability of system artefacts. The command line application can be invoked from an automatic build script to generate documentation from, or perform analyses on the repository.
JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: THE CASE OF SHKODRA MUNICIPALITY

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the levels of employees of public sector satisfaction with job dimensions and perceived organizational commitment in public sector in Shkoder, Albania. In addition, the study aimed at exploring to what extent these employees are committed to their job and satisfied with different dimensions to their job. A surveybased descriptive research design was used. The study was carried on public administrative sector, in Shkoder municipality. About 160 survey questionnaires were distributed in August, 2012 by employing diverse modes of communication such as email, in person and post. Multiple follow ups yielded 56 statistically usable questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to give answer to the research questions. The findings of the study indicated that the satisfaction with work-itself, quality of supervision and pay satisfaction had significant positive influence on organizational commitment of municipality employees. They had high degree of organizational commitment and satisfaction with work-itself, supervision, salary, coworkers and opportunities for promotion. The focus of the study was employees working at public sector in Shkoder only. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) and Organizational Commitment questionnaire were used to measure job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The relevant literature shows that public sector employees’ commitment and job satisfaction is under-researched area particularly in the public sector institutions in Albania. So, the current investigation has contributed to improve the understanding on significant issue. Besides the study findings are discussed in perspective of practical implications in public administration sector.
Preparation of a Concentrated Carbon Black-PTFE Dispersion for Microporous Layer of PEMFC

A micro-porous layer (MPL) of a triple-layer gas diffusion electrode for a PEM fuel cell was made by a dispersion of carbon black and PTFE particles using a non-ionic surfactant such as Triton X-100. Typically, the concentration of the dispersion was below 13 % solids in this paper. We obtained a dispersion of 43% solids by examining the phase separation condition of the carbon black-PTFE dispersion containing Triton X-100. The zeta-potential of the thin dispersion (solids content = 13 %) and the thick dispersion (solids content = 43%) are -35mV and -34mV, respectively. The average particle sizes in both dispersions are 500nm. The zeta-potential and the particle size were proven that the dispersibility of dispersion did not change by concentrating dispersion. This concentrated dispersion was suitable for the manufacturing of the MPL sheet of the PEM fuel cell.
Floods and their economic importance

Floods perform tasks of fundamental importance in Nature's household, tasks which no other agency can perform. Of first importance in this respect is the periodic removal by flood-waters of the debris accumulations which form in stream-channels, and which, if not removed, cause channel-deterioration. In any undisturbed watershed there is a sensitive natural balance between soil-erosion, runoff, and the debris-carrying capacity of streams. Any change wrought in either of the first two invariably affects the third.
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Center for Applied Financial Economics (CAFE) A multiple testing approach to the regularisation of large sample correlation matrices

This paper proposes a novel regularisation method for the estimation of large covariance matrices, which makes use of insights from the multiple testing literature. The method tests the statistical significance of individual pair-wise correlations and sets to zero those elements that are not statistically significant, taking account of the multiple testing nature of the problem. The procedure is straightforward to implement, and does not require cross validation. By using the inverse of the normal distribution at a predetermined significance level, it circumvents the challenge of evaluating the theoretical constant arising in the rate of convergence of existing thresholding estimators. We compare the performance of our multiple testing (MT ) estimator to a number of thresholding and shrinkage estimators in the literature in a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study. Results show that our MT estimator performs well in a number of different settings and tends to outperform other estimators, particularly when the cross-sectional dimension, N , is larger than the time series dimension, T. If the inverse covariance matrix is of interest then we recommend a shrinkage version of the MT estimator that ensures positive definiteness. JEL Classifications: C13,C58
HEAT AS A TRACER TO EXAMINE FLOW IN THE STREAMBED OF A LARGE, GRAVEL-BED RIVER

of HEAT AS A TRACER TO EXAMINE FLOW IN THE STREAMBED OF A LARGE, GRAVEL-BED RIVER by Matthew H. Silver Shallow temperature profiles were collected in the streambed of a large, gravel-bed river, to estimate seepage and hydraulic conductivity in salmonid spawning habitat. Temperatures and subsurface pressure measurements were modeled to trace the movement of heat and water through the streambed and estimate sediment hydraulic conductivity. Sensitivity analysis shows the highest model sensitivity to hydraulic conductivity, of all model parameters. Vertical-dimension modeling over a 1.2-m domain produces close simulated-observed temperature fits in many cases. Best-fit hydraulic conductivity is apparently higher at shallower depths in the streambed, suggesting a decrease in hydraulic conductivity with depth or diverging subsurface flowpaths. Although this method is applied successfully in areas with downward vertical hydraulic gradients, the vertical-dimension model fails to accurately simulate temperatures at a site with an upward vertical gradient. To evaluate this inconsistency, the influence of longitudinal flow was also examined. Longitudinal flow is shown to account for phase lags in vertically-simulated temperatures. While longitudinal heat transport may be negligible in some cases (downward flow), it does exist and should be incorporated into the method of using heat to trace flow in the shallow streambed, especially when considering upward flow. This study demonstrates that heat is a useful tracer to estimate seepage and hydraulic conductivity in the shallow streambed. _______________________________, Committee Chair Timothy C. Horner
CAHIER DU LAMSADE 310 Mai 2011 On Multiprocessor Temperature-Aware Scheduling Problems

We study temperature-aware scheduling problems under the model introduced by Chrobak et al. in [6]. We consider a set of parallel identical processors and three optimization criteria: makespan, maximum temperature and (weighted) average temperature. On the positive side, we present polynomial time approximation algorithms for the minimization of the makespan and the maximum temperature, as well as, optimal polynomial time algorithms for minimizing the average temperature and the weighted average temperature. On the negative side, we prove that there is no ( 4 3 − ε)-approximation algorithm for the problem of minimizing the makespan for any ε > 0, unless P = NP.
WebNLG 2016 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Natural Language Generation and the Semantic Web

Robust, statistical Natural Language Generation from Web knowledge bases is hindered by the lack of text-aligned resources. We aim to fill this gap by presenting a method for extracting knowledge from natural language text, and encode it in a format based on frame semantics and ready to be distributed in the Linked Open Data space. We run an implementation of such methodology on a collection of short documents and build a repository of frame instances equipped with fine-grained lexicalizations. Finally, we conduct a pilot stody to investigate the feasibility of an approach to NLG based on said resource. We perform error analysis to assess the quality of the resource and manually evaluate the output of the NLG prototype.
A Combined Harmonic Analysis–Artificial Neural Network Methodology for Tidal Predictions

Abstract Tides are usually predicted by harmonic analysis, which is a superposition of many sinusoidal constituents with amplitudes and frequencies determined from an analysis of locally measured sea levels. To form accurate tidal predictions using the method of harmonic analysis, long-term sea level registrations have to be collected and analysed. This article presents an alternative approach to the task of tidal forecasts based on the application of harmonic analysis and back-propagation, artificial neural networks to short-term measurements. Sea level records from the Hillarys Boat Harbour tide gauge, Western Australia, are used to implement this original methodology and to test its performance. The results of the methodology validation show that short-term sea level registrations can be effi-ciently employed to produce accurate tidal predictions.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Barthel Index for Measuring Activities of Daily Living Outcome After Ischemic Hemispheric Stroke Does Early Poststroke Timing of Assessment Matter?

Early Background and Purpose —This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the Barthel Index (BI) in 206 stroke patients, measured within 72 hours, for activities of daily living at 6 months and determined whether the timing of BI assessment during the first days affects the accuracy of predicting activities of daily living outcome at 6 months. Methods —Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the area under the curve and optimal cutoff points for BI at Days 2, 5, and 9. OR, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated to predict BI (cid:1) 19. Results —The area under the curve ranged from 0.785 on Day 2 to 0.837 and 0.848 on Days 5 and 9. Comparison of the receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the area under the curve was significantly different between Days 2 and 5 ( P (cid:1) 0.001) and between Days 2 and 9 ( P (cid:1) 0.001). No significant difference was found between Days 5 and 9 ( P (cid:2) 0.08). Using a BI cutoff score of 7, the positive predictive value gradually increased from 0.696 on Day 2 to 0.817 on Day 2 to 0.864 on Day 9, whereas negative predictive value declined from 0.778 on Day 2 to 0.613 on Day 9. Conclusions —Assessment of the BI early poststroke showed good discriminative properties for final outcome of BI at 6 months. However, Day 5 proved to be the earliest time for making an optimal prediction of final outcome of activities of daily living. The BI should be measured at the end of the first week in hospital-based stroke units for early rehabilitation management. ( Stroke . 2011;42:342-346.) collected at 5 and 9 days poststroke. Finally, 2-way contingency tables were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values, including their 95% CIs, for each model within 72 hours poststroke and on Days 5 and 9 poststroke. All analyses were 2-tailed using a critical probability value for signifi- cance of 0.05 and performed with SPSS Version 15.