Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase Retrieval: An Overview of Recent Developments

The problem of phase retrieval is a classic one in optics and arises when one is interested in recovering an unknown signal from the magnitude (intensity) of its Fourier transform. While there have existed quite a few approaches to phase retrieval, recent developments in compressed sensing and convex optimization-based signal recovery have inspired a host of new ones. This work presents an overview of these approaches. Since phase retrieval, by its very nature, is ill-posed, to make the problem meaningful one needs to either assume prior structure on the signal (e.g., sparsity) or obtain additional measurements (e.g., masks, structured illuminations). For both the cases, we review conditions for the identifiability of the signal, as well as practical algorithms for signal recovery. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to robustly and efficiently identify an unknown signal solely from phaseless Fourier measurements, a fact with potentially far-reaching implications.
Pension Fund Corporate Engagement : The Fifth Stage of Capitalism

Pension fund capitalism is a new, albeit evolving, stage of Anglo-American capital market development. It is marked by the ability of pension funds to aggregate the widely disbursed ownership of beneficiaries and therefore act as single entities with a unified voice. Pension funds within their investment portfolios are increasingly using this voice to engage companies. Such corporate engagement in its broadest definition is the use of one’s ownership position to influence company management decision making. Corporate engagement brings together four distinct underlying currents: first, the increased use of passive index funds; second, the corporate governance movement; third, the growing impact of socially responsible investing; and, finally, the impact of new global standards. At its best corporate engagement offers a long-term view of value that both promotes higher corporate, social and environmental standards and adds share value, thus providing long-term benefits to future pension beneficiaries.
Header Field Based Partitioning of Network Traffic for Distributed Packet Capturing and Processing

Maintaining correctly operating computer networks is paramount for assuring properly operating information technology infrastructures. Thereby, the acquisition of network traffic data is one of the first steps. The acquisition of network traffic, however, can be very challenging, e.g., with respect to performance and resource requirements. In this paper, we analyze the possibility of using packet header data for efficiently partitioning live network traffic data into subsets with the aim on enabling distributed packet capturing and processing. The goal is to employ multiple sensors in a coordinated fashion such that the overall task is distributed among the participating sensors. Our results show that efficiently partitioning live network traffic based on packet header data is possible. Furthermore, we implemented a prototype of a distributed packet capturing system that achieves significantly higher capture rates than a single, uncoordinated sensor.
Option Pricing in the Jump-Di ¤ usion Model with a Random Jump Amplitude : A Complete Market Approach ¤

In this paper a relatively simple jump-di¤usion model with constant parameters is constructed. It is assumed that n+1 assets exist and that the price processes of these assets are driven by a Brownian motion and n Poisson-processes; all mutually independent. Thereby a complete market is constructed and a unique equivalent martingale measure is derived. Closed form solutions for European options are obtained in this complete market. Moreover closedform solutions for the central moments of one of the n + 1 basic assets are given. Another topic of this paper deals with convergence of the market containing n+1 assets. Su¢cient conditions are given in order to ensure the convergence of these markets to an incomplete market containing an asset with price process driven by a jump-di¤usion process and a random jump-amplitude. In this way this incomplete market can be approximated by a sequence of complete markets in which all claims can be hedged. Numerical studies indicate that about 17 assets give rise to a good complete market approximation of an incomplete market with an asset with price process driven by a jump-di¤usion process and a random jump amplitude. ¤I am grateful to Ken Bechmann, Bent Jesper Christensen, Peter L. Jørgensen, Jan Pedersen, Wolfgang Runggaldier and seminar participants at the University of Aarhus for their many helpful suggestions. yPostal adress: Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Aarhus, Dk-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Training-Specific Neural Plasticity in Spinal Reflexes after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

The neural plasticity of spinal reflexes after two contrasting forms of walking training was determined in individuals with chronic, motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Endurance Training involved treadmill walking for as long as possible, and Precision Training involved walking precisely over obstacles and onto targets overground. Twenty participants started either Endurance or Precision Training for 2 months and then crossed over after a 2-month rest period to the other form of training for 2 months. Measures were taken before and after each phase of training and rest. The cutaneomuscular reflex (CMR) during walking was evoked in the soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior muscles by stimulating the posterior tibial nerve at the ankle. Clonus was estimated from the EMG power in the SOL during unperturbed walking. The inhibitory component of the SOL CMR was enhanced after Endurance but not Precision Training. Clonus did not change after either form of training. Participants with lower reflex excitability tended to be better walkers (i.e., faster walking speeds) prior to training, and the reduction in clonus was significantly correlated with the improvement in walking speed and distance. Thus, reflex excitability responded in a training-specific way, with the reduction in reflex excitability related to improvements in walking function. Trial registration number is NCT01765153.
Applying Query Formulation and Fusion Techniques For Cross Language News Story Search

Cross Language News story search (CLNSS) is concerned with finding documents describing the same events in documents in different languages. As well as supporting information retrieval (IR), CLNSS has other applications in mining parallel and comparable data across different languages. In this paper, we present an overview of the work carried out for our participation in the Cross Language ! ndian News Story Search (CL! NSS) task at FIRE 2013. In the CL! NSS task we explored the problem of cross language news search for the English-Hindi language pair. English news stories are used as queries to seek similar news documents from Hindi news articles. Hindi being a resource-scarce language offers many challenges towards retrieving relevant news articles. We investigate and contrast translation of input queries from English to Hindi using the Google and Bing translation services. To support translation of out-of-vocabulary words we use the Google transliteration service. A key challenge of the CL! NSS task is formation of search queries from the English news articles, since they are much longer than the much shorter queries typically used in IR applications. To address this problem, we explore the use of summarization to extract a query from the input news documents, and use these summarized queries as the input to the cross language IR system. We explore the use of query expansion using pseudo relevance feedback (PRF) in the IR process, since this has been shown to be effective for cross language IR in many previous investigations. We also explore in detail the use of data fusion techniques over different sets of retrieved results obtained using diverse query formulation techniques. For the CL! NSS task our team submitted 3 main runs. The results of our best run was ranked first among official submissions based on NDCG@5 and NDCG@10 values and second for NDCG@1 values. For the 25 test queries the results of our best main run were NDCG@1 0.7400, NDCG@5 0.6809 and NDCG@10 0.7268. We present our methodology, official results and results of a number of post-task experiments that were conducted to further examine the cross language search problem. Our experiments reveal that query formulation plays a vital role in improving search results for news documents across different languages. Instead of using the complete news documents the summarized queries show better performance. Data fusion techniques also help to improve the performance of the system by boosting the rank of documents, thus improving the NDCG scores.
Notes On Mesh Parametrization

Parameterization has lots of applications in computer graphics such as texture mapping, remeshing and morphing. Texture mapping a 2D image onto a 3D mesh would previously cost lots of efforts and time for an experienced modeler to tweak theu,v texture coordinates of the mesh. By parameterizing the mesh onto a rectangular 2D domain, this becomes an easy task of mapping a 2D image onto an rectangle. Parameterizing a 3D mesh would also benefits the task of remeshing since it will be easier to redistribute the samples and to perform re-triangulation on 2D domain. Moreover, by transforming the 3D irregular mesh data into 2D regular resampled data [9], a good number of well-established algorithms which works generally on 2D regular grids could then also be effectively performed on the mesh, like JPEG compression. There are roughly two research directions in parameterization, planar and non planar. The planar parameterization focuses on minimizing the specific stretching when mapping the 3D patch onto the 2D planar domain. The usual process of these methods is first defining an error metric which measure a specific error caused by the mapping. It then formulates the mapping as the energy minimization using the error metric and solves the system to obtain results in parameter domain. The non-planar parameterization tries to find parameterization on the domain which is topologically equivalent to the mesh. These methods in general focus on constructing a target domain suitable for building the parameterization for the whole mesh globally.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAIN AND CLOUD WATER AS OBSERVED FROM THE A-TRAIN

Shallow maritime clouds are critical to regulating the climate of the Earth. Due to their warm cloud top temperatures and extensive horizontal coverage they have a larger net radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere than any other cloud type. In addition to playing a critical role in determining the radiative energy balance at the top of the atmosphere, they are also highly susceptible to environmental perturbations [1]. For example, it also proposed that their microphysics and thus albedo are highly susceptible to anthropogenic pollution [2] and observations show that their horizontal extent is largely controlled by the boundary layer inversion strength [3]. Furthermore, shallow clouds in subsidence regions also demonstrate the most uncertain response of any cloud type in their parameterization in climate models [4]. Because of the unique sensitivity and uncertainty associated with both microphysical and macrophysical processes associated with these clouds it is critical that a concerted effort be made ot enhance our current observational capabilities. In particular recent work [5] has suggested that the rainfall efficiency in these clouds is a key factor in modulating their extent and microphysics.
An Image Processing Language with Icon-Assisted Navigation

This paper describes a generic image processing language IPL, and a programming environment supporting the language primitives for an image information system. The central notion of IPL is that it allows the user to navigate through the image database and manipulate images using generalized icons. The image processing language IPL consists of three subsets: the logical image processing language LIPL, the interactive image processing language IIPL, and the physical image processing language PIPL. This paper presents the main concepts of this generic language, some examples, and a scenario.
Independent component analysis based semi-blind I/Q imbalance compensation for MIMO OFDM systems

We propose a novel semi-blind compensation scheme for both frequency-dependent and frequencyindependent I/Q imbalance based on independent component analysis (ICA) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, where ICA is applied to compensate for I/Q imbalance and equalize the received signal jointly, without any spectral overhead. A reference signal is embedded in the transmitted signal with little power consumption and no spectral overhead introduced, to enable ambiguity elimination for the ICA output signal at the receiver. Moreover, channel interpolation is incorporated with layered space frequency equalization (LSFE) to enhance the system performance. Simulation results show that the proposed implicit compensation scheme can not only provide a better bit error rate (BER) performance and a higher bandwidth efficiency than the previous training based I/Q imbalance compensation method, but also outperform the ideal case with perfect channel state information (CSI) and no I/Q imbalance, due to additional frequency diversity.
ASK1 is required for sustained activations of JNK/p38 MAP kinases and apoptosis

Apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase (ASK) 1 is activated in response to various cytotoxic stresses including TNF, Fas and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2, and activates c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. However, the roles of JNK and p38 signaling pathways during apoptosis have been controversial. Here we show that by deleting ASK1 in mice, TNF‐ and H2O2‐induced sustained activations of JNK and p38 are lost in ASK1−/− embryonic fibroblasts, and that ASK1−/− cells are resistant to TNF‐ and H2O2‐induced apoptosis. TNF‐ but not Fas‐induced apoptosis requires ROS‐dependent activation of ASK1–JNK/p38 pathways. Thus, ASK1 is selectively required for TNF‐ and oxidative stress‐induced sustained activations of JNK/p38 and apoptosis.
Catheter insertion path reconstruction with autonomous system for endovascular surgery

In order to reduce fluoroscope usage in endovascular surgery there is a need to develop autonomous catheter insertion systems. We propose a system for tracking the position of the catheter using a magnetic motion capture sensor to provide feedback to a catheter driving mechanism to perform autonomous catheter insertion in major vasculature. Catheter insertion path reconstruction experiments were performed with the system inside silicone model of major vasculature to simulate surgery. As result the system reproduced a path inside the silicone blood vessel phantom with less than 7 mm of error. We found that error in path reconstruction depends on the model's cross-section diameter, the properties of the catheter insertion mechanism, the magnetic sensor and the system guidance technique.
A New Modified Adaptive Algorithm for Time Delay Compensation of Optoelectronic Tracker

Time-delay of tracker in photoelectric searching and tracking system reduces the tracking accuracy of the system. To solve this problem, a new modified "current" statistical model adaptive filtering algorithm is proposed to compensate the miss distance signal delay. Predicting the state information of the target in advance by adjusting the maneuvering frequency and acceleration variance adaptively is to achieve the purpose of compensating for time-delay. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective, and by comparing the speed tracking curve with time-delay compensation and without time-delay compensation on a photoelectric tracking device, it can be concluded that the proposed algorithm improves the target tracking accuracy effectively, and has a good compensation effect on the time-delay of the tracker.
The Game Studies Language Exchange Program: Uncovering Hidden Gems of European Game and Play Research

An issue that requires “defragmentation” in game studies is the Anglo-Saxon linguistic hegemony. A work is not a part of the game studies discussion until it has been translated into English, our lingua franca. While we have been constructing a discipline and rediscovering the history of the study of games and play, thus far we have mostly been building bridges between different islands of English research, ignoring works in other languages. This panel will provide four introductions to little known European researchers, and discuss the broader implications of such blind spots (above and beyond Asia, Latin America, Africa). Steffen P. Walz introduces the work of Dutch behavioral psychologist Frederik J. J. Buytendijk (1887-1974). He is best known for being dismissed by Johan Huizinga (1955) as biologistic in the opening section of Homo Ludens. However, Buytendijk’s Het spel
Early Detection Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer

Despite the widespread use of conventional and contemporary methods to detect ovarian cancer development, ovarian cancer remains a common and commonly fatal gynecological malignancy. The identification and validation of early detection biomarkers highly specific to ovarian cancer, which would permit development of minimally invasive screening methods for detecting early onset of the disease, are urgently needed. Current practices for early detection of ovarian cancer include transvaginal ultrasonography, biomarker analysis, or a combination of both. In this paper we review recent research on novel and robust biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer and provide specific details on their contributions to tumorigenesis. Promising biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer include KLK6/7, GSTT1, PRSS8, FOLR1, ALDH1, and miRNAs.
Speech enhancement in noisy environment using voice activity detection and wavelet thresholding

Voice activity detection (VAD) is an outstanding problem for speech transmission, enhancement and recognition. The variety and the varying nature of speech and background noise make it especially challenging. In the past years, many features emphasizing the differences between speech and noise have been proposed for their robustness. However an important problem in many areas of speech processing is the determination of presence of speech periods in a given signal. This task can be identified as a statistical hypothesis problem and its purpose is the determination to which category or class a given signal belongs. Also the classification task is often not as trivial as it appears since the increasing level of background noise leading to numerous detection errors. The selection of an adequate feature vector for signal detection and a robust decision rule is a challenging problem that affects the performance of VADs. Most algorithms are effective in numerous applications but often cause detection errors mainly due to the loss of discriminating power of the decision rule at lower SNRs. In this paper, it has been tried to extract the characteristics of noise by the VAD algorithm which can be used to smooth out the signal in silence part from the noisy environment. For further noise reduction signal then filtered in the wavelet domain using thresholding.
Rod-Driven OFF Pathway Responses in the Distal Retina: Dark-Adapted Flicker Electroretinogram in Mouse

Purpose The rodent retina does not exhibit a positive OFF-response in the electroretinogram (ERG), which makes it difficult to evaluate its OFF-pathway functions in vivo. We studied the rod-driven OFF pathway responses by using a dark-adapted 10-Hz flicker ERG procedure in mouse. Materials and Methods Conventional ERGs and 10-Hz dark-adapted flicker ERGs were obtained in wild-type mice (C57BL/6), in mice with pure rod (cpfl1) or pure cone (rho−/−) function, and in nob1 mice which have a selective ON-pathway defect. To isolate the response from ON or OFF pathway, glutamate analogs 2-amino-4-phosphobutyric acid (APB, an ON pathway blocker) and cis-2, 3-piperidine-dicarboxylic acid (PDA, an OFF pathway blocker), were injected intravitreally. Results The amplitude-intensity profile of the dark-adapted 10-Hz flicker ERG in the wild-type mice exhibits two peaks at middle and high light intensities. The two peaks represent rod- and cone-driven responses respectively. In APB-treated C57BL/6 mice and in nob1 mice, the dark-adapted ERG b-waves were absent. However, both rod- and cone-driven OFF pathway responses were evident with flicker ERG recording. At middle light intensities that activate only rod system, the flicker ERG responses in saline-injected nob1 mice were similar to those in APB-injected cpfl1 mice and wild-type mice. These responses are sensitive to PDA. The amplitudes of these rod-driven OFF pathway responses were approximately 20% of the total rod-driven flicker ERG responses. Conclusion We demonstrate that the rod-OFF bipolar cell pathway is functional in the outer retina. The dark-adapted flicker ERG is practical for the evaluation of rod- and cone-driven responses, and the residual OFF pathway signals in subjects with ON pathway defects.
Cell-Specific Monitoring of Protein Synthesis In Vivo

Analysis of general and specific protein synthesis provides important information, relevant to cellular physiology and function. However, existing methodologies, involving metabolic labelling by incorporation of radioactive amino acids into nascent polypeptides, cannot be applied to monitor protein synthesis in specific cells or tissues, in live specimens. We have developed a novel approach for monitoring protein synthesis in specific cells or tissues, in vivo. Fluorescent reporter proteins such as GFP are expressed in specific cells and tissues of interest or throughout animals using appropriate promoters. Protein synthesis rates are assessed by following fluorescence recovery after partial photobleaching of the fluorophore at targeted sites. We evaluate the method by examining protein synthesis rates in diverse cell types of live, wild type or mRNA translation-defective Caenorhabditis elegans animals. Because it is non-invasive, our approach allows monitoring of protein synthesis in single cells or tissues with intrinsically different protein synthesis rates. Furthermore, it can be readily implemented in other organisms or cell culture systems.
Fast multidimensional convolution in low-rank formats via cross approximation

We propose a new cross-conv algorithm for approximate computation of convolution in different low-rank tensor formats (tensor train, Tucker, Hierarchical Tucker). It has better complexity with respect to the tensor rank than previous approaches. The new algorithm has a high potential impact in different applications. The key idea is based on applying cross approximation in the "frequency domain", where convolution becomes a simple elementwise product. We illustrate efficiency of our algorithm by computing the three-dimensional Newton potential and by presenting preliminary results for solution of the Hartree-Fock equation on tensor-product grids.