Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TCP performance over 5G mmWave links — Tradeoff between capacity and latency

Recently, 5G systems started to explore the usage of mmWave bands both for access and backhaul. Cellular systems operating at such frequencies would achieve a significantly higher capacity than current systems due to the large frequency block available. Due to the propagation characteristics, highly directional mmWave links may frequently switch between Line-of-sight, Non Line-of-sight and outage if the beam is blocked by obstacles. Such intermittent connectivity combined with high throughput causes TCP to perform very badly. In this paper, we study the performance of several TCP variants over intermittent mmWave links. We focus on latency aspects, use ns-3 with extensions for mmWave links and evaluate the TCP performance with real Linux TCP stacks using the Direct Code Execution (DCE) framework. We also investigate the benefit of bufferbloat solutions such as CoDel, with different TCP variants. We investigate the impact of CoDels configuration parameters and different RTTs on TCP throughput, fairness and queueing delay. The problem of slow recovery of TCP after NLOS periods is less pronounced when multiple flows coexist under CoDel only if some of the flows have very short RTTs. However, under presence of NLOS, the fairness between different flows with different RTT values is reduced.
Prognostic factors for local recurrence and mortality in adult soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and trunk wall

Background and purpose — Previous studies of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) have identified a number of possible prognostic factors; however, the majority of these include highly selected populations, with unclear validation of data and insufficient statistical methods. We identified prognostic factors in a validated, population-based 30-year series of STS treated at a single institution, using an advanced statistical approach. Patients and methods — Between 1979 and 2008, 922 adult patients from western Denmark were treated at the Aarhus Sarcoma Center for non-metastatic STS in the extremities or trunk. The endpoints were local recurrence (LR) and disease-specific mortality (DSM). Prognostic factors were analyzed using a proportional hazard model, including continuous variables as cubic splines. Directed acyclic graphs were used to depict the causal structure. Results — The 5-year LR was 16% and the 5-year DSM was 24%. Important prognostic factors for both LR and DSM were age, duration of symptoms, tumor size, grade, margin, and radiotherapy, while anatomical location (upper, lower extremity, trunk) was prognostic for DSM. Interpretation — In this population-based series of adult, non-metastatic STS, we included directed acyclic graphs, cubic splines, and a competing risk model in order to minimize bias, and demonstrated that these statistical methods are feasible. Using these statistical methods on a large, validated dataset, we excluded depth as a prognostic factor and established that age, duration of symptoms, size, grade, margin, and radiotherapy were important prognostic factors for both local recurrence and disease-specific mortality.
Effect of oral anabolic steroid on muscle strength and muscle growth in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sarcopenia is common in hemodialysis patients. This study examined whether the anabolic steroid oxymetholone improves muscle mass and handgrip strength in hemodialysis patients and possible mechanisms that might engender such changes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Forty-three eligible hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to ingest oxymetholone or placebo for 24 weeks. Body composition, handgrip strength, and quality of life were measured during the study. Muscle biopsies were performed and analyzed for mRNA levels for myostatin, IGF-I, IGF binding proteins, and myosin heavy chains and protein expression. Muscle fiber types and diameter were assessed by reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide staining. RESULTS There was a significantly greater increase in fat-free mass and handgrip strength and decrease in fat mass in the oxymetholone compared with the placebo group. Moreover, compared with baseline values, patients given oxymetholone exhibited an increase in fat-free mass, handgrip strength, physical functioning scores, and type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area and a decrease in fat mass, whereas patients receiving placebo did not undergo changes. There was a significantly greater increase in muscle mRNA levels for myosin heavy chain 2×, IGF-I, and IGF-II receptor with oxymetholone treatment than placebo. Liver enzyme rose significantly in the oxymetholone group, but the number of values greater than three times the upper limit of normal were not different between these groups. CONCLUSIONS In hemodialysis patients, ingesting oxymetholone was associated with an increase in fat-free mass, handgrip strength, and muscle mRNA levels for several growth factors and a decrease in fat mass, but it also induced liver injury.
C-Reactive Protein in Ischemic Stroke: An Independent Prognostic Factor

Background and Purpose— There is growing evidence of the prognostic importance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in ischemic stroke. However, the independent value of CRP at different stages after stroke has not been established. Therefore, we assessed the prognostic values of CRP in ischemic stroke. We also compared the relation of CRP at admission and discharge with 1-year outcome. Methods— One hundred ninety-three patients were included in a derivation set (n=128) and a validation set (n=65). Serum CRP was measured, within 24 hours after index ischemic stroke, within 48 to 72 hours, and at hospital discharge. We examined the association between the level of CRP at different stages after stroke and outcome. We adjusted for the possible confounding effect using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Results— A cutoff point of 1.5 mg/dL for CRP at discharge provided optimum sensitivity and specificity for adverse outcome, based on the receiver operator curves. CRP at admission (hazard ratio [HR] 2.78, 95% CI 1.45 to 5.33;P =0.0021) and discharge (HR 9.42, 95% CI 4.27 to 19.05;P <0.0001) were predictors of the combined end point of new vascular events or death at 1 year. CRP at hospital discharge was the strongest independent marker of adverse outcome (HR 7.42, 95% CI 2.75 to 20.03;P =0.0001). These results were confirmed in the validation set (HR 15.66, 95% CI 3.36 to 72.97;P =0.0005). Conclusions— CRP is a marker of increased 1-year risk in ischemic stroke. CRP at discharge is better related to later outcome and could be of greater utility for risk stratification. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated CRP may predict future cardiovascular events or death.
Causal Decision Trees

Uncovering causal relationships in data is a major objective of data analytics. Currently, there is a need for scalable and automated methods for causal relationship exploration in data. Classification methods are fast and they could be practical substitutes for finding causal signals in data. However, classification methods are not designed for causal discovery and a classification method may find false causal signals and miss the true ones. In this paper, we develop a causal decision tree (CDT) where nodes have causal interpretations. Our method follows a well-established causal inference framework and makes use of a classic statistical test to establish the causal relationship between a predictor variable and the outcome variable. At the same time, by taking the advantages of normal decision trees, a CDT provides a compact graphical representation of the causal relationships, and the construction of a CDT is fast as a result of the divide and conquer strategy employed, making CDTs practical for representing and finding causal signals in large data sets. Experiment results demonstrate that CDTs can identify meaningful causal relationships and the CDT algorithm is scalable.
Loss of heterozygosity studies at the retinoblastoma and breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA2) loci in pituitary, parathyroid, pancreatic and carcinoid tumours

OBJECTIVE Allelic deletion of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene on chromosome 13 has been reported in both pituitary and parathyroid tumours. We have investigated the roles of the Rb and the hereditary breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA2), which lie within 25 cM of each other on chromosome 13q12–14, in the multi‐step aetiology of endocrine tumours.
Benchmarking dynamic time warping on nearest neighbor classification of electrocardiograms

The human cardiovascular system is a complicated structure that has been the focus of research in many different domains, such as medicine, biology, as well as computer science. Due to the complexity of the heart, even nowadays some of the most common disorders are still hard to identify. In this paper, we map each ECG to a time series or set of time series and explore the applicability of two common time series similarity matching methods, namely, DTW and cDTW, to the problem of ECG classification. We benchmark the two methods on four different datasets in terms of accuracy. In addition, we explore their predictive performance when various ECG channels are taken into account. The latter is performed using a dataset taken from Physiobank. Our findings suggest that different ECG channels are more appropriate for different cardiovascular malfunctions.
[U‐13C]aspartate metabolism in cultured cortical astrocytes and cerebellar granule neurons studied by NMR spectroscopy

The metabolism of [U‐13C]aspartate was studied in cultured cortical astrocytes and cerebellar granule neurons in the presence of glucose and during inhibition of glycolysis. Redissolved, lyophilized cell extracts and incubation media were analyzed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the determination of metabolites labeled from aspartate. Uniformly labeled lactate was prominent in control media of astrocytes and cerebellar granule neurons. In both cell types, aspartate entered the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as shown by labeling patterns in glutamate and, in astrocytes, in glutamine. From the complex labeling patterns in aspartate in astrocytic perchloric acid extracts it was clear that acetylcoenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA) derived from aspartate via oxaloacetate and pyruvate could enter the TCA cycle. Such “recycling,” however, could not be detected in cerebellar granule neurons. Inhibition of glycolysis reduced aspartate uptake and metabolism in both cell types. Most notably, lactate derived from aspartate showed a large reduction, and in astrocytes, incorporation of labeled acetyl‐CoA into the TCA cycle was significantly reduced. Thus, astrocytes and cerebellar granule neurons differ in their handling of aspartate. Furthermore, inhibition of glycolysis clearly affected aspartate metabolism by such cells. GLIA 23:271–277, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE ECOLOGY AND GENETICS OF FITNESS IN CHLAMYDOMONAS. IV. THE PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES OF GENOTYPES OF THE SAME SPECIES

The properties of mixtures of genotypes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated by growing them in monoculture and in all possible pairwise combinations in chemically defined axenic medium. Two sets of genotypes produced by crossing wild‐type isolates were cultured in each of two physical environments. Mixtures were consistently more productive and less variable over environments than were their constituent monocultures. The average performance of a genotype in mixture was tightly correlated with its performance in monoculture. Reisolation of spores from mixtures at the end of growth showed that the mixtures became dominated by the component with the greater performance in monoculture, so that the properties of mixtures were attributable to replacement rather than to complementation. These results differ from those of similar trials using a range of different species of Chlamydomonas, where genetic interactions were found to be important. They are discussed in relation to theories of diversity and diversification, and related to the agronomic use of crop mixtures.
Robonaut: A Robotic Astronaut Assistant

NASA’s latest anthropomorphic robot, Robonaut, has reached a milestone in its capability . This highly dexterous robot, designed to assist astronauts in space, is now performing complex tasks at the Johnson Space Center that could previously only be carried out by humans. With 43 degrees of freedom, Robonaut is the first humanoid built for spa ce and incorporates technology advances in dexterous hands, modular manipulators, lightweight materials, and telepresence control systems. Robonaut is human size, has a three degree of freedom (DOF) articulated waist, and two seven DOF arms, giving it an impressive work space for interacting with its environment. Its two five fingered hands allow manipulation of a wide range of tools. A pan/tilt head with multiple stereo camera systems provides data for both teleoperators and computer vision systems.
Modelling User Devices in Security Ceremonies

User constrained devices such as smart cards are commonly used in human-protocol interaction. Modelling these devices as part of human-protocol interaction is still an open problem. Examining the interaction of these devices as part of security ceremonies offers greater insight. This paper highlights two such cases: modelling extra channels between humans and devices in the ceremony, and modelling possession when the device also acts as an agent in the ceremony. Case studies where such devices are used during authentication ceremonies are presented to demonstrate these use cases.
Warpage of QFN Package in Post Mold Cure Process of integrated circuit packaging

This research studied about warpage of QFN package in post mold cure process of integrated circuit (IC) packages using pre-plated (PPF) leadframe. For IC package, epoxy molding compound (EMC) are molded by cross linking of compound stiffness but incomplete crosslinked network and leading the fully cured thermoset by post mold cure (PMC) process. The cure temperature of PMC can change microstructure of EMC in term of stress inside the package and effect to warpage of the package due to coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between EMC and leadframe. In experiment, cure temperatures were varied to check the effect of internal stress due to different cure temperature after completed post mold cure for TDFN 2×3 8L. The cure temperature were varied with 180 °C, 170 °C, 160 °C, and 150°C with cure time 4 and 6 hours, respectively. For analysis, the TDFN 2×3 8L packages were analyzed the warpage by thickness gauge and scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) after take the test samples out from the oven cure. The results confirmed that effect of different CTE between EMC and leadframe due to different cure temperature resulting to warpage of the TDFN 2×3 8L packages.
Structure-based design, synthesis and crystallization of 2-arylquinazolines as lipid pocket ligands of p38α MAPK

In protein kinase research, identifying and addressing small molecule binding sites other than the highly conserved ATP-pocket are of intense interest because this line of investigation extends our understanding of kinase function beyond the catalytic phosphotransfer. Such alternative binding sites may be involved in altering the activation state through subtle conformational changes, control cellular enzyme localization, or in mediating and disrupting protein-protein interactions. Small organic molecules that target these less conserved regions might serve as tools for chemical biology research and to probe alternative strategies in targeting protein kinases in disease settings. Here, we present the structure-based design and synthesis of a focused library of 2-arylquinazoline derivatives to target the lipophilic C-terminal binding pocket in p38α MAPK, for which a clear biological function has yet to be identified. The interactions of the ligands with p38α MAPK was analyzed by SPR measurements and validated by protein X-ray crystallography.
Three Steps to Heaven: Semantic Publishing in a Real World Workflow

Semantic publishing offers the promise of computable papers, enriched visualisation and a realisation of the linked data ideal. In reality, however, the publication process contrives to prevent richer semantics while culminating in a "lumpen" PDF. In thispaper, we discuss a web-first approach to publication, and describe a three-tiered approach that integrates with the existing authoring tooling. Critically, although it adds limited semantics, it does provide value to all the participants in the process: the author, the reader and the machine.
Detection of DDoS DNS Amplification Attack Using Classification Algorithm

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critically fundamental element in the internet technology as it translates domain names into corresponding IP addresses. The DNS queries and responses are UDP (User Datagram Protocol) based. DNS name servers are constantly facing threats of DNS amplification attacks. DNS amplification attack is one of the major Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, in DNS. The DNS amplification attack victimized huge business and financial companies and organizations by giving disturbance to the customers. In this paper, a mechanism is proposed to detect such attacks coming from the compromised machines. We analysed DNS traffic packet comparatively based on the Machine Learning Classification algorithms such as Decision Tree (TREE), Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), Naïve Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify the DNS traffics into normal and abnormal. In this approach attribute selection algorithms such as Information Gain, Gain Ratio and Chi Square are used to achieve optimal feature subset. In the experimental result it shows that the Decision Tree achieved 99.3% accuracy. This model gives highest accuracy and performance as compared to other Machine Learning algorithms.
Is cricket courtship song condition dependent?

Females of the Texas trilling field cricket, Gryllus texensis, show mating preferences based on male courtship song. To test experimentally the condition dependence of courtship song, we attempted to manipulate male condition via the diet. When the diet was manipulated at the adult moult, there was no effect on subsequent male courtship song or male condition measured as residual mass. When the diet was manipulated three moults prior to the adult moult, there was a significant effect on male residual mass, but no differences in courtship song were observed. To gain a second measure of condition in the diet-manipulated-as-nymphs group, we extracted their fat using petroleum ether in a refluxing Soxhlet apparatus. Crickets reared on the poor diet showed a clear relationship between the residual mass measure of condition and condition measured as energetic fat reserve, whereas the two measures of condition were unrelated in crickets reared on the good diet. Courtship song was unrelated to diet, fat reserve or residual mass. We conclude that courtship song does not reflect male condition in the laboratory despite its energetic cost. When given a mating opportunity it is probably in the evolutionary interest of males in poor condition to signal at as high a rate as males in good condition.
Bayesian Models of Brain and Behaviour

This paper presents a review of Bayesian models of brain and behaviour. We first review the basic principles of Bayesian inference. This is followed by descriptions of sampling and variational methods for approximate inference, and forward and backward recursions in time for inference in dynamical models. The review of behavioural models covers work in visual processing, sensory integration, sensorimotor integration, and collective decision making. The review of brain models covers a range of spatial scales from synapses to neurons and population codes, but with an emphasis on models of cortical hierarchies. We describe a simple hierarchical model which provides a mathematical framework relating constructs in Bayesian inference to those in neural computation. We close by reviewing recent theoretical developments in Bayesian inference for planning and control.
A new SOI monolithic capacitive sensor for absolute and differential pressure measurements

In the present work, a new monolithic capacitive pressure sensor is being introduced. The sensor is manufactured according to a custom, 15-step SOI process. The process primarily offers great flexibility as far as sensor design is concerned. Absolute or differential pressure sensing is possible by simply arranging proper sensor package. Measurement sensitivity and span are easily regulated over a wide range of values by setting one-single design parameter. Attention is paid to avoid p–n junction formation in order to improve the sensor robustness a gn allows the i f 25 kHz, i taken for the A uniformity of t apacitance c d accuracy a t require high r ©
Adaptive Beamforming with a Maximum Negentropy Criterion

In this paper, we address an adaptive beamforming application in realistic acoustic conditions. After the position of a speaker is estimated by a speaker tracking system, we construct a subband-domain beamformer in generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) configuration. In contrast to conventional practice, we then optimize the active weight vectors of the GSC so as to obtain an output signal with maximum negentropy (MN). This implies the beamformer output should be as non-Gaussian as possible. For calculating negentropy, we consider the Gamma and the generalized Gaussian (GG) pdfs. After MN beamforming, Zelinski post-filtering is performed to further enhance the speech by removing residual noise. Our beamforming algorithm can suppress noise and reverberation without the signal cancellation problems encountered in the conventional adaptive beamforming algorithms. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed technique through a series of far-field automatic speech recognition experiments on the Multi-Channel Wall Street Journal Audio Visual Corpus (MC-WSJ-AV). On the MC-WSJ-AV evaluation data, the delay-and-sum beamformer with post-filtering achieved a word error rate (WER) of 16.5%. MN beamforming with the Gamma pdf achieved a 15.8% WER, which was further reduced to 13.2% with the GG pdf, whereas the simple delay-and-sum beamformer provided a WER of 17.8%.
[Research progress of depression and the application of esketamine].

OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis and etiology of still remain unknown. Current evidence suggests that the occurrence of depression may be related to a reduced secretion of neurotransmitters, neuronal apoptosis, inflammation, intestinal flora and other factors. Although the commonly used antidepressants such as SSRIs, SNRIs, NaSSA, and SARIs produce some therapeutic effects, they fail to relieve the full spectrum of the symptoms of depression. In recent years, esketamine was found to produce a potent and a long-lasting antidepressant effect by acting on the NMDA receptors. Herein the authors review the progress in the study of the pathogenesis and drug therapies of depression, the efficacy of esketamine treatment and the underlying mechanism, and the prospect of esketamine treatment. Currently the mechanism of the antidepressant effect of esketamine remains indeterminate and its clinical application is limited, but its effect in rapidly alleviating the symptoms of depression suggests its bright prospect for clinical applications.
Induction of Cleft Palate in Rabbits by Several Glucocorticoids.∗

Summary Six glucocorticoids were administered separately to pregnant rabbits of one breed over a 4-day period preceding the time of normal palate closure. Triamcinolone, dexamethasone and prednisolone regularly produced cleft palates at several dose levels below that causing litter resorption. Cortisone and betamethasone induced cleft palate sporadically and methylprednisolone did not cause cleft palate formation at any of the dose levels tested. In a second breed of rabbit higher doses of triamcinolone were required to produce cleft palates than in the first breed.