Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
State estimation in hybrid systems with a bounded number of mode transitions

We consider the problem of tracking the state of a hybrid system capable of performing a bounded number of mode switches. The system is assumed to follow either a nominal or an anomalous model, where the nominal model may stand for, e.g., the non-maneuvering motion regime of a target or the fault-free operation mode of a sensor, and the anomalous model may stand for, e.g., the abrupt evasive maneuvers of a target or the faulty operation of a sensor. As is well known, the optimal algorithm requires implementation of an exponentially growing number of primitive Kalman filters. On the other hand, the system's switching dynamics is not Markov because of the a priori bounded number of model switches, thus ruling out the use of popular estimation schemes such as the interacting multiple model (IMM) and generalized pseudo-Bayesian (GPB) filters. We derive an efficient scheme that uses a number of primitive Kalman filters that is linear in the number of possible maneuvers. The scheme resembles the IMM algorithm in that it uses interaction between some of the primitive filters before every estimation cycle, thus reducing the number of such filters. The algorithm's performance is evaluated via a simulation study, and shown to outperform the state-of-the-art IMM filter in a typical example.
Forced oscillations in the clinical setting in young children with neonatal lung disease

The extent of respiratory dysfunction is not well characterised in children with neonatal chronic lung disease (nCLD) too young to perform spirometry. Forced oscillations are easily performed by healthy young children; however, they may be more difficult for those with nCLD. The present study aimed to describe the feasibility of using the forced oscillation technique in children with nCLD in a routine clinical setting and to investigate the influence of neonatal factors on subsequent lung function. Respiratory function tests were attempted in 64 patients with nCLD aged 3.2–6.6 yrs. Respiratory resistance and reactance at 6, 8 and 10 Hz were expressed as z-scores derived from a healthy reference population. The within-test variation and between-test repeatability were also assessed. Technically, satisfactory data were obtained from 77% of children. On grouped data, z-scores for all oscillatory indices were different from zero and related to hospital oxygen administration in the neonatal period. In conclusion, the forced oscillation technique was feasible in preschool children with neonatal chronic lung disease in the clinical outpatient setting. These children had lung function significantly worse than that predicted from healthy children. Respiratory function assessed using forced oscillations appeared to reflect the severity of lung disease during the neonatal period.
PMD-Supported Coherent Optical OFDM Systems

Although polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) greatly impairs conventional high-speed single-carrier systems, it is shown that for multicarrier systems such as coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexed systems (CO-OFDM), not only does PMD not cause any impairment, but it also provides a benefit of polarization diversity against polarization-dependent-loss-induced fading and consequently improves the system margin. The PMD benefit to fiber nonlinearity reduction in CO-OFDM systems is also predicted
The Challenges of Wearable Computing: Part 2

For pt. 1 see ibid. Wearable computing pursues an interface ideal of a continuously worn, intelligent assistant that augments memory, intellect, creativity, communication, and physical senses and abilities. Many challenges await wearable designers. Part 2 begins with the challenges of network resources and privacy concerns. This survey describes the possibilities offered by wearable systems and, in doing so, demonstrates attributes unique to this class of computing.
Four Novel Tarantula Toxins as Selective Modulators of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Subtypes

Four novel peptide toxins that act on voltage-gated sodium channels have been isolated from tarantula venoms: ceratotoxins 1, 2, and 3 (CcoTx1, CcoTx2, and CcoTx3) from Ceratogyrus cornuatus and phrixotoxin 3 (PaurTx3) from Phrixotrichus auratus. The pharmacological profiles of these new toxins were characterized by electrophysiological measurements on six cloned voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes (Nav1.1/β1, Nav1.2/β1, Nav1.3/β1, Nav1.4/β1, Nav1.5/β1, and Nav1.8/β1). These novel toxins modulate voltage-gated sodium channels with properties similar to those of typical gating-modifier toxins, both by causing a depolarizing shift in gating kinetics and by blocking the inward component of the sodium current. PaurTx3 is one of the most potent peptide modulators of voltage-gated sodium channels described thus far from spider venom, modulating Nav1.2 with an IC50 value of 0.6 ± 0.1 nM. CcoTx1 and CcoTx2, differing by only one amino acid, are potent modulators of different voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes from the central nervous system, except for Nav1.3, which is only affected by CcoTx2. The potency of CcoTx3 is lower, although this toxin seems to be more selective for the tetrodotoxin-resistant channel subtype Nav1.5/β1 (IC50 = 447 ± 32 nM). In addition to these results, molecular modeling indicates that subtle differences in toxin surfaces may relate to their different pharmacological profiles. Furthermore, an evolutionary trace analysis of these toxins and other structurally related three-disulfide spider toxins provides clues for the exploration of toxin-channel interaction and future structure-function research.
Role of residual structure in the unfolded state of a thermophilic protein

Ribonucleases H from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus and the mesophile Escherichia coli demonstrate a dramatic and surprising difference in their change in heat capacity upon unfolding (ΔCp°). The lower ΔCp° of the thermophilic protein directly contributes to its higher thermal denaturation temperature (Tm). We propose that this ΔCp° difference originates from residual structure in the unfolded state of the thermophilic protein; we verify this hypothesis by using a mutagenic approach. Residual structure in the unfolded state may provide a mechanism for balancing a high Tm with the optimal thermodynamic stability for a protein's function. Structure in the unfolded state is shown to differentially affect the thermodynamic profiles of thermophilic and mesophilic proteins.
Non‐verbal elements in education: Some new perspectives

At least in Western education, the verbal elements have always been predominan . Whether thought is regarded as prior to words, or words to thought, their joint significance has never been in doubt. Yet alongside verbal education there has always been some kind of awareness that an education based solely on words is defective and perhaps undesirable. Periodically, there have been calls for an emphasis on something else: Nature, things, art, movement, or other people. Bookish education has been persistent, but not unchallenged. Even the bookworms who sustain it would agree that Society needs not bookworms but balanced people, people who can do and feel and love as well as think. In the present century, there has been a further reaction against an over-emphasis on an education that has come to be regarded, often superficially, as not only bookish but also snobbish. Yet paradoxically this has also been a century in which knowledge about the verbal aspects of education has consistently outpaced knowledge about its other features. Indeed, when a writer such as Elliot Eisner' speaks out boldly about the inadequacy of some aspect of current educational discourse in its application to non-verbal education-in his case, specific behavioural objectives in their relation to education in the arts-there is still a tendency for others to react with mild embarrassment, acknowledging that this is by common consent an important matter, but admitting that it has been consistently under-studied. However, recently there have been new developments, especially in the study of non-verbal communication, which place nonverbal education in a series of new perspectives. The purpose of this article is to indicate, first, what are the non-verbal elements in education, next, to indicate some ways in which these new perspectives have been developed, and finally to suggest some ways in which a coherent programme of study, practice and research could be developed. Of course, this is an ambitious programme for a single article. Therefore, what follows must be regarded as a sketch, rather than a diligent and exhaustive survey. However, it is not a quick, improvised sketch. It represents the outcome o09
A Case of Transcortical Sensory Aphasia Following a Left Frontal Lobe Lesion Involving Broca's Area.

Broca 領野を含む左前頭葉病変により超皮質性感覚失語を呈した症例を経験した。 症例は59歳の右利き男性で，CTおよびMRIにより左中前頭回の一部，下前頭回後部および島前部の皮質，およびその皮質下白質に広がる病変が認められた。 本症例は自発話，復唱は良好で構音障害はなく，単語の理解は保たれているが文レベルでの理解障害が認められた。 なかでも音読は可能であるにもかかわらず意味理解が困難であるという，超皮質性感覚失語像を呈していた。 本症例の理解障害は言葉の意味理解の障害のみならず統辞障害がその一因をなしていると考えた。 本邦で近年報告が散見される前頭葉損傷による超皮質性感覚失語は (1) 反響反復言語が著しい症例 (2) 理解障害の著しい症例 (3) 理解障害が軽度な症例，と３群に分類できるのではないかという仮説を提唱した。 ３群のうち本症例を含め理解障害が軽度である (3) 群はかなり均質な言語的側面を持っていることがうかがえた。
User evaluation of mobile augmented reality scenarios

Augmented reality (AR) technologies are becoming state-of-the-art in the mobile technology domain. However, developing successful end user services around AR is still in its infancy, which is partially resulting from the lack of user research regarding potential users' expectations and user acceptance in the particular area. In order to identify the most potential use cases and contexts, in which mobile AR could be utilized, it is important to evaluate already the early service concepts with potential end users. This paper reports an online survey for evaluating the user acceptance of five different mobile AR scenarios, as well as for understanding the potential and risks or mobile AR in general. The results show ambivalent attitudes towards mobile AR services but also imply that the scenarios demonstrating pragmatic relevance were valued over pleasure oriented ones. AR was seen to make contextually relevant information easily available and allow novel interaction possibilities with the physical world. Distrust arose with fears of information flood, users' loss of autonomy, and virtual replacing the real. The respondents' level of technological orientation was found to highly affect the overall acceptance of the scenarios. The results help in considering key acceptance issues and potential users' expectations in the development of future mobile AR services.
Religiosity, Anxiety, and Depression among a Sample of Iranian Medical Students

Objective: There are many studies of religion and mental health in a Christian context, but studies in Islamic countries are few. Most previous studies used only a single question for measuring religion, and several of them showed negative associations between religion and indexes of anxiety or depression among older people. This study preliminary assesses the associations between religious variables, anxiety, and depression in a sample of Muslim students. Method: This cross-sectional study examines a sample of medical students (N=285) for association(s) between religiosity, anxiety, and depression. The subjects completed a Muslim religiosity questionnaire including religious beliefs, emotions, and behaviors subscales and the Beck anxiety and depression inventories during their psychiatry rotation at Roozbeh psychiatric hospital, Tehran, Iran. Results: all the three religious subscales were negatively associated with and negatively predicted depression and anxiety; but only prediction of anxiety by the religious beliefs score was statistically significant. Conclusions: These findings provide further evidence for a protective role of religion against anxiety and depression but more studies are required.
Rôle des informations visuelles dans la production de lettres cursives chez l’enfant et l’adulte

Notre recherche a pour objectif l’etude du developpement du role des informations visuelles sur la production de lettres cursives. Des enfants de 8, 9, 10 ans et des adultes ont pour tâche d’ecrire differentes lettres cursives (a, o, l, m et p) dans 3 conditions: normale (informations visuelles disponibles), la main placee sous un cache, avec les yeux fermes. L’absence de feedback visuel entraine une modification des caracteristiques des mouvements plus importante chez les enfants que chez les adultes. Seule une augmentation de la pression est observee chez les adultes, alors que les productions des enfants subissent une augmentation de la vitesse, de la longueur des trajectoires formant les lettres, de la fluidite et de la pression. Un developpement non monotone avec l’âge de certains indices est toutefois revele.
The Dreaming Brain/Mind: A Role in Understanding Complex Mental Disorders?

Abnormalities in the sleep/wake cycle and within sleep itself have extensively been studied in a broad range of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite increasing evidence for a mechanistic overlap between the disruptions of circadian timing control and neuropathology, the relationship remains unclear (Wulff et al., 2010). One possible way to address this problem from a psychiatric perspective is to compare the phenomenological correlate of sleep with the waking mentation observed in patients. Indeed, so-called “positive” symptoms such as abnormal senso-perceptual experiences or thought processes ranging from ideas of reference to highly structured delusions, share substantial similarities with dream phenomenology. The same process by which psychotic patients progress from salience attributed to irrelevant stimuli to a new, highly relevant meaning, appears to occur in dreams, where a single hallucinatory image can convey “an immediate emotionally compelling meaning that is not related to the image in any obvious way” (Feinberg, 2011). With the exception of the rare experience of lucidity, the dreamer has no recognition of his objective status, i.e., being asleep and vastly detached from the external environment; dream images produced uniquely by endogenous neural activity are interpreted as coming from the external world; heightened and often incongruous emotions are coupled with a decrease in ego functions which ultimately leads to instinctual behaviors and severe impairment in reality testing (Hobson, 2009). The striking similarity between these aspects of dreaming and psychosis has been observed by most of the funding pioneers of the modern approach to psychopathology. Indeed, it is largely unknown that Emil Kraepelin extensively studied his own dreams with the aim of progressing his understanding of schizophrenic thought disorder (Engels et al., 2003). Recent advances in neuroscience have led few contemporary researchers to bind these complex phenomena, with electrophysiological, neurochemical, and cerebrofunctional data now pointing to shared patterns across dreaming and psychotic experiences (Hobson, 2004; Gottesmann, 2006).
Physical Attractiveness

This experiment was designed to test the idea that physically attractive (PA) persons are perceived as having two types of goodness-sex-relevant and sexirrelevant. Three hypotheses were tested to determine the validity of this notion. It was predicted that perceived masculinity increases with PA for males but not for females, that perceived femininity increases with PA for females but not for males, and that perceived social desirability increases with PA for both males and females. Subjects were asked to fill in the Bem Sex Role Inventory for males and females representing low, moderate, and high levels of PA. The obtained results supported all three experimental hypotheses.
Management of graft‐versus‐host disease

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is one of the major hazards in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Initially this syndrome was detected in experimental animals and was called secondary or runt disease. Allogeneic in contrast to syngeneic animals developed fatal diarrhoea and skin lesions after total body irradiation and marrow transplantation (1). Other symptoms of what was later termed GvHD were varying degrees of hypoplasia of the lymphatic system, focal necrosis of liver cells and growth retardation. From this experience in animal models it was stated that the essential requirements for induction of GvHD were: 1 the marrow graft must contain immunocompetent cells; 2 the host must have minor or major transplantation antigens that are lacking in the marrow donor; and 3 the host must be incapable of rejecting the grafted marrow (2). In the rat, lymphoid blast cells, small and large granular lymphocytes, appeared in the skin, gut and liver of allogeneic but not syngeneic animals (3). The main effector cells of GvHD are thought to be cytotoxic T cells and early after BMT the invading lymphocytes are mainly CD6positive, although in later stages CD8-positive cells predominate (3). However, acute GvHD may occur in the absence of detectable cytotoxic T cells (3). In experimental animals and also in humans it is wellestablished that the removal of T cells from donated marrow may completely prevent acute GvHD (4-7). Acute human GvHD occurs in spite of a suitable Olle Ringden
Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning a Case Study of a Community-based Participatory Evaluation Research (cbper) Project: Reflections on Promising Practices and Shortcomings

This instrumental case study documents a community-based participatory evoluntion research (CBPER) project that iwolved a community partner, two graduate students, a facuhy member, and an external funder. It-highlights the fact that a participatory evaluation model is a viable way to conduct community-based ,eieaich (CBR) when a community organization needs to knov, if the program sertices they are offering are ffictive. The identification of the pt'omising aspects and shortcomings of this proiect advance the theorefi-cal and methodological understandings of the CBR field and promotes better CBR practice. mel pafl thn en8 pra, wit: frar mel recl Strr Sto culr pur mu Community-based research (CBR) is collaborative, change-oriented research that engages facuhy members , students, and community members in projects addressing community-identified needs (Strand, Marullo. Cutforth, Stoeckeq & Donohue, 2003). Wittt its roots in action research, participatory research (for a detailed description between the two, see Brown & Tandon, 1983), and popular education, CBR is an important tool in engaging institutions of higher education with local communities (see Strand el al',2ffi3 for more on the history of CBR and its relationship to the three stated models). Indeed, several academic dis-, social work @ogge & Rocha /Q$zt), and sociology @uroway, 2005) have acknowledged CBR's contribution to the paradigm shift toward university-community involvement. Furthermore, the growing recognition of the potential of CBR to address complex community needs is recognized by the insistence on forming CBR partnerships contained in grant guidelines from federal agencies (e. Program) and other funding sources. With CBR, the research issue and question originate with the community. Often times, community organizations want to know if their programs are "working. " 34 In these cases, progritm evaluation can become part of the CBR paradigm. Evaluation research is defined as the systematic application of social research procedures in assessing social intervention programs (Rossi & Freeman, 1993). Communify-based researchers can use evaluation models such as pqrticipatory evalua-Stoecker) to help guide the community organization through the evaluation process. The CBR project that is described in this article aligns more with the partic-ipatory evaluation model, which is really an extension of the stakeholder-based model with a focus on enhancing evaluation utilization through the primary user(s)'increased participation in the research process (Cousins & Earl, 1992). Theprinciples of participato-ry evaluation can be summarized as follows: (a) involve participants at every stage of the research process; @) make sure the participants own the evaluation ; (c) focus the process on the …
Marine mollusc predator-escape behaviour altered by near-future carbon dioxide levels

Ocean acidification poses a range of threats to marine invertebrates; however, the potential effects of rising carbon dioxide (CO2) on marine invertebrate behaviour are largely unknown. Marine gastropod conch snails have a modified foot and operculum allowing them to leap backwards rapidly when faced with a predator, such as a venomous cone shell. Here, we show that projected near-future seawater CO2 levels (961 µatm) impair this escape behaviour during a predator–prey interaction. Elevated-CO2 halved the number of snails that jumped from the predator, increased their latency to jump and altered their escape trajectory. Physical ability to jump was not affected by elevated-CO2 indicating instead that decision-making was impaired. Antipredator behaviour was fully restored by treatment with gabazine, a GABA antagonist of some invertebrate nervous systems, indicating potential interference of neurotransmitter receptor function by elevated-CO2, as previously observed in marine fishes. Altered behaviour of marine invertebrates at projected future CO2 levels could have potentially far-reaching implications for marine ecosystems.
Physiologic Basis of Ovulation Induction

Optimal regimens for ovulation induction depend on a sound, fundamental understanding of the physiology of ovulation. This chapter will review the endocrinology of folliculogenesis, with particular emphasis on the signaling pathways activated by FSH and LH. Important new information regarding the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction and the biologic responses that are produced will also be presented. Ultimately, a clearer understanding of mechanisms regulating the selection and promotion of the dominant follicle, as described here, will lead to advances in the field of ovulation induction and pregnancy in women.
On linear and nonlinear processing of underwater, ground, aerial and satellite images

Image preprocessing, smoothing and restoration technology is concerned with producing and reestablishing an actual array of pixels for object representation to enhance the raw images from direct measurements. In this article, a thorough image processing approach has been proposed for enhancing various slow motion images, which are taken from underwater, ground, aerial and celestial sites respectively in a slow movement. Basic processing sequences include noise smoothing, improvement of contrast of image brightness, elimination of blurring effect arisen from atmospheric disturbances (temperature, pressure, shading and so on), partition of images into a set of regions or layers for further analysis. Linear smoothing and nonlinear smoothing are both conducted initially, followed by procedures of adaptive contrast stretching, brightness deblurring, image segmentation and image restoration. Satisfactory processing has given rise to a set of sharp pictures. This complete procedure for feature capturing and restoration has the potential for the real time image processing.