Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD44 is necessary for optimal contact allergic responses but is not required for normal leukocyte extravasation

The in vivo administration of certain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the adhesion receptor, CD44, into normal mice induces both a modulation of CD44 from the surface of peripheral lymphocytes, and a concomitant increase in the amount of soluble CD44 in the serum. CD44- negative lymphocytes isolated from anti-CD44-treated mice exhibit normal homing patterns upon adoptive transfer, and are capable of reexpressing CD44 upon activation. The treatment of haptensensitized mice with anti-CD44 mAb inhibits their ability to mount a cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response within the first 24 h after hapten challenge. This inhibition reflects a block in both the edema and leukocyte infiltration of the cutaneous site of DTH, whereas the extravasation and accumulation of leukocytes in the draining lymph nodes progress normally. After 72 h, the leukocytes that extravasate into the site of antigen challenge express CD44. These results indicate that CD44 is not necessary for normal leukocyte circulation but is required for leukocyte extravasation into an inflammatory site involving nonlymphoid tissue.
How Travel Agency Survive in e-Business World?

This paper provides certain degree of analysis on the benefits that leverage from the use of new technologies in the Travel Industry. Besides the concerns about what technology can do for travelers, we also address the pressures for changes, the potential impacts on different category of travel agencies and also the implications on leisure and corporate market segments. The paper also explains the three phases– intermediation, disintermediation and reintermediation that travel agencies may be facing when serving as the middleman between the product providers and the customers. In response to the electronic business impulse, travel agencies may react differently; the paper also elaborates on how the industry players reengineer their business in order to maintain the competitive position or at least to survive.
Slouching toward Open Innovation: Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) for Electronic Health Information

The potential for Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) to enable open innovation in a particular software market depends on the characteristics of that market. From this premise, using a case study approach, this Article argues that some software markets have characteristics that inherently disfavor initiating or expanding the use of FOSS and its unique mode of licensing the intellectual property that underlies software. The case study involves software to manage health information for hospitals or physician groups in the form of the electronic medical record, or EMR. Proprietary software venders supply most of the products for this software market. Recently, the U.S. government undertook experimental steps to promote a FOSS package for EMR, raising the question as to whether the EMR software market is amenable to FOSS. This Article describes various factors that might signal a FOSS disfavoring market, including low technical aptitude among users, differences among users in their work flow and software interface needs, users with dispassionate computing agendas, and entrenched proprietary competitors in an area supporting minimal complementary goods or services. FOSS, however, might be able to overcome these impedances in a particular software market if its unique motivational mix is strong enough. This Article describes potential facilitators to support this possibility. One such facilitator, specifically for the EMR market, but perhaps generally for other markets, may be safe harbors for FOSS development within any relevant anti-collaboration and anti-tinkering laws. Licensing facilitators include emphasizing approaches such as dual licensing or promoting FOSS contributions by contractors engaged by users. This Article concludes by mentioning potential non-licensing facilitators to augment the FOSS motivational mix for markets that might disfavor it.
Hemodynamic Change in Pulmonary Vein Stenosis after Radiofrequency Ablation: Assessment with Magnetic Resonance Angiography

We present a case of pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis after radio-frequency (RF) ablation, in which a hemodynamic change in the pulmonary artery was similar to that of congenital PV atresia on time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (TR-MRA). A 48-year-old man underwent RF ablation due to atrial fibrillation. The patient subsequently complained of hemoptysis, dyspnea on exertion, and right chest pain. Right PV stenosis after catheter ablation was diagnosed through chest computed tomography and lung perfusion scan. Pulmonary TR-MRA revealed the pulmonary artery via systemic arterial collaterals and draining systemic collateral veins. On a velocity-encoded cine image, the flow direction of the right pulmonary artery was reversed in the diastolic phase and the left pulmonary artery demonstrated continuous forward flow throughout the cardiac cycle. These hemodynamic changes were similar to those seen in congenital unilateral PV atresia.
Place reference systems - A constructive activity model of reference to places

Reference to places is a central but largely underexposed problem of information science. Place has been a major object of research in many domains including Geography, Cognitive Science and Geographic Information Science. However, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been built solely on space reference systems creating a gap between human conceptualization and machine representation. While reference to space only partially captures reference to place, most existing definitions of place either reduce the latter to the former or lack a formal characterization of how places are constructed. In a spatial coordinate system, locations are referenced by angles and distances to other referents. In this paper, we suggest that place reference systems can be built based on localizing things (locatums) involved in simulated activities relative to other involved referents (locators). We propose a formal theory about relevant types of activities and their involved participants, and show how place referents can be identified and localized by choosing locators and locatum among the participants. We formally derive an ontology of places, publish a corresponding OWL version, and demonstrate how to compute a market place and a vantage place in a GIS.
The Economics of Pharmaceutical Supply in Tanzania

This paper analyzes the patterns of purchasing, distribution, and utilization of pharmaceuticals currently found in Tanzania, an underdeveloped country in Africa. Like other nations in the Third World, Tanzania offers the prospect of a rapidly expanding market for the multinational pharmaceutical industry. However, this market has been to a large extent developed by the intense promotional activities of the drug companies themselves. In addition to normal marketing methods, these companies indulge in techniques which would be neither acceptable nor legal in developed countries. As a result, expensive proprietary drugs are overpurchased and overprescribed, mainly in the large urban hospitals, with consequent deprivation of other health care facilities, particularly those for the rural peasants who form the majority of the population. The activities of the multinational pharmaceutical companies in the Third World are therefore an important component in the continuing underdevelopment of health in these nations.
Application of Next Generation Sequencing Upon the Molecular Genetic Diagnosis of Deafness

The main objective of this review is to describe the new sequencing technologies called next generation sequencing (NGS) and its utility as a molecular genetic diagnosis tool in a medical field. Sanger method has dominated the genome sequencing industry for the past 30 years since its invention in 1975. It produced first human genome and still remains the gold standard for genome sequencing. However, it cannot meet the needs for enormous genetic data gathering and process because of its relatively long sequencing time and high cost per sample. NGS which parallelise the sequencing process, thereby increasing processing speed at a reduced cost per sample emerged to compensate for the weakness of the previous method. Currently NGS is used in some medical areas and its use is being widened. NGS also plays an important role in a study of genetically heterogenous hearing diseases. NGS is expected to mark a significant milestone in genomic research filed in a near future.
Maricite NaFePO4/C/graphene: a novel hybrid cathode for sodium-ion batteries

For the first time we have produced maricite NaFePO4 nanoparticle entwined graphene sheets capable of delivering an outstanding capacity of 142 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles, corresponding to ∼98% capacity retention. This work emphasizes the importance of exploring the new structure and provides a method for the development of graphene-based cathodes.
Hospital Closure and Insights into Patient Dispersion

Summary Background: Hospital closures are becoming increasingly common in the United States. Patients who received care at the closing hospitals must travel to different, often farther hospitals for care, and nearby remaining hospitals may have difficulty coping with a sudden influx of patients. Objectives: Our objectives are to analyze the dispersion patterns of patients from a closing hospital and to correlate that with distance from the closing hospital for three specific visit types: emergency, inpatient, and ambulatory. Methods: In this study, we used data from a health information exchange to track patients from Saint Vincent’s Medical Center, a hospital in New York City that closed in 2010, to determine where they received emergency, inpatient, and ambulatory care following the closure. Results: We found that patients went to the next nearest hospital for their emergency and inpatient care, but ambulatory encounters did not correlate with distance. Discussion: It is likely that patients followed their ambulatory providers as they transitioned to another hospital system. Additional work should be done to determine predictors of impact on nearby hospitals when another hospital in the community closes in order to better prepare for patient dispersion. Citation: Garg N, Husk G, Nguyen T, Onyile A, Echezona S, Kuperman G, Shapiro JS. Hospital closure and insights into patient dispersion: the closure of Saint Vincent’s Catholic Medical Center in New York City. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 185–199 http://dx.doi. org/10.4338/ACI-2014-10-RA-0090
Big data meets telcos: A proactive caching perspective

Mobile cellular networks are becoming increasingly complex to manage while classical deployment/optimization techniques and current solutions (i.e., cell densification, acquiring more spectrum, etc.) are cost-ineffective and thus seen as stopgaps. This calls for development of novel approaches that leverage recent advances in storage/memory, context-awareness, edge/cloud computing, and falls into framework of big data. However, the big data by itself is yet another complex phenomena to handle and comes with its notorious 4V: Velocity, voracity, volume, and variety. In this work, we address these issues in optimization of 5G wireless networks via the notion of proactive caching at the base stations. In particular, we investigate the gains of proactive caching in terms of backhaul of-floadings and request satisfactions, while tackling the large-amount of available data for content popularity estimation. In order to estimate the content popularity, we first collect users' mobile traffic data from a Turkish telecom operator from several base stations in hours of time interval. Then, an analysis is carried out locally on a big data platform and the gains of proactive caching at the base stations are investigated via numerical simulations. It turns out that several gains are possible depending on the level of available information and storage size. For instance, with 10% of content ratings and 15.4 Gbyte of storage size (87% of total catalog size), proactive caching achieves 100% of request satisfaction and offloads 98% of the backhaul when considering 16 base stations.
Effect of raw materials on the pore morphologies of carbon foams prepared through templating method

The present paper reports about the effects of raw materials, processed through templating method, on the pore microstructures and pore size distribution of carbon foams (CFs). Biomaterials along with polyurethane and phenolic resin were employed to prepare CFs. To further investigate the adjustability of the pore microstructures and pore size distribution, several kinds of chemical additives/fillers, including activated charcoal, NaCl, and silicon, were used. Surface morphological studies were carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and pore size distribution was analysed by high-pressure Hg porosimetry. The results showed that the structures of the precursor played a dominant role in determining the final pore microstructures. Chemical additives/fillers affect the average pore sizes, pore size distributions, and the pore walls. High amount of macropores are found in all the samples with the radius ranging from 2 to 4 μm. It is practical to adjust the pores using different raw materials and chemical additives/fillers.
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad3 checkpoint gene.

The rad3 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is required for checkpoint pathways that respond to DNA damage and replication blocks. We report the complete rad3 gene sequence and show that rad3 is the homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ESR1 (MEC1/SAD3) and Drosophila melanogaster mei‐41 checkpoint genes. This establishes Rad3/Mec1 as the only conserved protein which is required for all the DNA structure checkpoints in both yeast model systems. Rad3 is an inessential member of the ‘lipid kinase’ subclass of kinases which includes the ATM protein defective in ataxia telangiectasia patients. Mutational analysis indicates that the kinase domain is required for Rad3 function, and immunoprecipitation of overexpressed Rad3 demonstrates an associated protein kinase activity. The previous observation that rad3 mutations can be rescued by a truncated clone lacking the kinase domain may be due to intragenic complementation. Consistent with this, biochemical data suggest that Rad3 exists in a complex containing multiple copies of Rad3. We have identified a novel human gene (ATR) whose product is closely related to Rad3/Esr1p/Mei‐41. ATR can functionally complement esr1–1 radiation sensitivity in S. cerevisiae. Together, the structural conservation and functional complementation suggest strongly that the mechanisms underlying the DNA structure checkpoints are conserved throughout evolution.
Genetic rescue and inbreeding depression in Mexican wolves

Although inbreeding can reduce individual fitness and contribute to population extinction, gene flow between inbred but unrelated populations may overcome these effects. Among extant Mexican wolves (Canis lupus baileyi), inbreeding had reduced genetic diversity and potentially lowered fitness, and as a result, three unrelated captive wolf lineages were merged beginning in 1995. We examined the effect of inbreeding and the merging of the founding lineages on three fitness traits in the captive population and on litter size in the reintroduced population. We found little evidence of inbreeding depression among captive wolves of the founding lineages, but large fitness increases, genetic rescue, for all traits examined among F1 offspring of the founding lineages. In addition, we observed strong inbreeding depression among wolves descended from F1 wolves. These results suggest a high load of deleterious alleles in the McBride lineage, the largest of the founding lineages. In the wild, reintroduced population, there were large fitness differences between McBride wolves and wolves with ancestry from two or more lineages, again indicating a genetic rescue. The low litter and pack sizes observed in the wild population are consistent with this genetic load, but it appears that there is still potential to establish vigorous wild populations.
Robust Resource Allocation with Joint Carrier Aggregation for Multi-Carrier Cellular Networks

In this paper, we present a novel approach for robust optimal resource allocation with joint carrier aggregation to allocate multiple carriers resources optimally among users with elastic and inelastic traffic in cellular networks. We use utility proportional fairness allocation policy, where the fairness among users is in utility percentage of the application running on the user equipment (UE). Each UE is assigned an application utility function based on the type of its application. Our objective is to allocate multiple carriers resources optimally among users subscribing for mobile services. In addition, each user is guaranteed a minimum quality of service (QoS) that varies based on the user's application type. We present a robust algorithm that solves the drawback in the algorithm presented in [1] by preventing the fluctuations in the resource allocation process, in the case of scarce resources, and allocates optimal rates for both high-traffic and low-traffic situations. Our distributed resource allocation algorithm allocates an optimal rate to each user from all carriers in its range while providing the minimum price for the allocated rate. In addition, we analyze the convergence of the algorithm with different network traffic densities and show that our algorithm provides traffic dependent pricing for network providers. Finally, we present simulation results for the performance of our resource allocation algorithm.
Neural Network for Text Classification Based on Singular Value Decomposition

This paper proposed new text classification models based on artificial neural networks and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The neural networks are trained by Multi-Output Perceptron Learning algorithm (MOPL) and Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN). Most classic classification systems represent the contents of documents with a set of index terms, it has been known as vector space model (VSM). However, this method need a high dimensional space to represent the documents, and it dose not take into account the semantic relationship between terms, which could lead to poor classification performance. In this paper, we introduce singular value decomposition to our systems. SVD was used to learn and represent relations among very large numbers of words and very large numbers of natural text passages in which they occurred. It could not only greatly reduce the dimensional but also discover the important associative relationships between terms. It also helps to accelerate the training speed and improve the classification accuracy. We test our classification systems on the standard Reuter-21578 collection. Experimental evaluations show that the systems training with SVD are much fast then the original systems with VSM, and also achieve better classification results.
Estimation of Time and Frequency Offsets in LTE Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission

We address the impact, estimation and compensation of time and frequency offsets in LTE CoMP. In LTE CoMP, transmissions may come from a different transmission point in every subframe of one millisecond. Due to propagation delay differences and time-frequency synchronization imperfections between the transmission points, the user equipment (UE) receiver is thus exposed to different time- frequency offsets in every subframe. In this paper we illustrate both analytically and numerically the impact of these time and frequency offsets on channel estimation performance and finally on LTE CoMP link-level demodulation performance. Furthermore, we study the applicability of existing LTE reference signals to the time-frequency offset estimation problem. In particular we compare two approaches in which the UE is either aware or unaware of the exact transmission point. Finally, we show with LTE link-level simulations that using the proposed approaches the impacts of time-frequency offsets can be almost perfectly compensated.
Regulatory RNAs controlling vascular (dys)function by affecting TGF-ß family signalling

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last few years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as master regulators of gene expression in cardiovascular biology and disease. miRNAs are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that usually bind to 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs and inhibit mRNA stability or translation of their target genes. miRNAs play a dynamic role in the pathophysiology of many CVDs through their effects on target mRNAs in vascular cells. Recently, numerous miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway which plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes, and is involved in pathogenesis of many diseases including CVD. This review gives an overview of current literature on the role of miRNAs targeting TGF-β/BMP signalling in vascular cells, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. We also provide insight into how this miRNA-mediated regulation of TGF-β/BMP signalling might be used to harness CVD.
Reexamination of the 187 Re bound on the variation of fundamental couplings

We reconsider the ${}^{187}\mathrm{Re}$ bound on the variation of the fine-structure constant. We combine the meteoritic measurement with several present-day lab measurements to firmly establish the quantitative upper limit to the time variation over the age of the solar system. We find that the relative change of the fine-structure constant between its present value and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ of $\ensuremath{\sim}4.6\mathrm{Gyr}$ ago is consistent with zero, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\alpha}/\ensuremath{\alpha}=[\ensuremath{-}8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8(1\ensuremath{\sigma})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}. $ We also rederive this bound in models where all gauge and Yukawa couplings vary in an interdependent manner, as would be expected in unified theories.
ScatterD: Spatial deployment optimization with hybrid heuristic/evolutionary algorithms

Distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems can be composed of hundreds of software components running across tens or hundreds of networked processors that are physically separated from one another. A key concern in DRE systems is determining the spatial deployment topology, which is how the software components map to the underlying hardware components. Optimizations, such as placing software components with high-frequency communications on processors that are closer together, can yield a number of important benefits, such as reduced power consumption due to decreased wireless transmission power required to communicate between the processing nodes. Determining a spatial deployment plan across a series of processors that will minimize power consumption is hard since the spatial deployment plan must respect a combination of real-time scheduling, fault-tolerance, resource, and other complex constraints. This article presents a hybrid heuristic/evolutionary algorithm, called ScatterD, for automatically generating spatial deployment plans that minimize power consumption. This work provides the following contributions to the study of spatial deployment optimization for power consumption minimization: (1) it combines heuristic bin-packing with an evolutionary algorithm to produce a hybrid algorithm with excellent deployment derivation capabilities and scalability, (2) it shows how a unique representation of the spatial deployment solution space integrates the heuristic and evolutionary algorithms, and (3) it analyzes the results of experiments performed with data derived from a large-scale avionics system that compares ScatterD with other automated deployment techniques. These results show that ScatterD reduces power consumption by between 6% and 240% more than standard bin-packing, genetic, and particle swarm optimization algorithms.