Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving reliability system by optimal sectionaliser placement in smart distribution grid

In this paper an optimization sectionaliser planning problem is presented. It is solved for distribution power systems with Distributed Generation (DG) in order to minimize both the power losses and the unsupplied loads. Supposing that an ICT infrastructure is available, the solution allows improving the continuity of the service because in case of permanent fault the solution algorithm suggests forming self-supplied islands (microgrids). The problem is formulated as a multiobjective mixed integer non linear programming problem (MINLP) and the solution algorithm has been based on an evolutionary strategy. The method is applied both to an IEEE standard and a real test case.
Molecular genetics of breast cancer progression.

Somatic changes in the genome of breast cancer cells include amplifications, deletions and gene mutations. Several chromosome regions harboring known oncogenes are found amplified in breast tumors. Despite the high number of chromosome regions deleted in breast tumors the functional relationship to known genes at these locations and cancer growth is mainly undiscovered. Mutations in two tumor suppressor genes (TSG) have been described in a subset of breast carcinomas. These TSG are the TP53, encoding the p53 transcription factor, and the CDH1, encoding the cadherin cell adhesion molecule. Breast tumors of patients with a germ-line mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have an increase of additional genetic defects compared with sporadic breast tumors. This higher frequency of genetic aberrations could pinpoint genes that selectively promote tumor progression in individuals predisposed to breast cancer due to BRCA1 or BRCA2 germ-line mutations. Accumulation of somatic genetic changes during tumor progression may follow a specific and more aggressive pathway of chromosome damage in these individuals. Although the sequence of molecular events in the progression of breast tumor is poorly understood the detected genetic alterations fit the model of multistep carcinogenesis in both sporadic and hereditary breast cancer. This review will focus on the genetic lesions within the breast cancer cell.
DTSim at SemEval-2016 Task 2: Interpreting Similarity of Texts Based on Automated Chunking, Chunk Alignment and Semantic Relation Prediction

In this paper we describe our system (DTSim) submitted at SemEval-2016 Task 2: Inter-pretable Semantic Textual Similarity (iSTS). We participated in both gold chunks category (texts chunked by human experts and provided by the task organizers) and system chunks category (participants had to automatically chunk the input texts). We developed a Conditional Random Fields based chunker and applied rules blended with semantic similarity methods in order to predict chunk alignments, alignment types and similarity scores. Our system obtained F1 score up to 0.648 in predicting the chunk alignment types and scores together and was one of the top performing systems overall.
Functional Characterization of the Tn5 Transposase by Limited Proteolysis*

The 476 amino acid Tn5 transposase catalyzes DNA cutting and joining reactions that cleave the Tn5 transposon from donor DNA and integrate it into a target site. Protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions are important for this tranposition process. A truncated transposase variant, the inhibitor, decreases transposition rates via the formation of nonproductive complexes with transposase. Here, the inhibitor and the transposase are shown to have similar secondary and tertiary folding. Using limited proteolysis, the transposase has been examined structurally and functionally. A DNA binding region was localized to the N-terminal 113 amino acids. Generally, the N terminus of transposase is sensitive to proteolysis but can be protected by DNA. Two regions are predicted to contain determinants for protein-protein interactions, encompassing residues 114–314 and 441–476. The dimerization regions appear to be distinct and may have separate functions, one involved in synaptic complex formation and one involved in nonproductive multimerization. Furthermore, predicted catalytic regions are shown to lie between major areas of proteolysis.
TALEN and CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing Systems: Tools of Discovery

Precise studies of plant, animal and human genomes enable remarkable opportunities of obtained data application in biotechnology and medicine. However, knowing nucleotide sequences isn’t enough for understanding of particular genomic elements functional relationship and their role in phenotype formation and disease pathogenesis. In post-genomic era methods allowing genomic DNA sequences manipulation, visualization and regulation of gene expression are rapidly evolving. Though, there are few methods, that meet high standards of efficiency, safety and accessibility for a wide range of researchers. In 2011 and 2013 novel methods of genome editing appeared – this are TALEN (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases) and CRISPR (Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 systems. Although TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 appeared recently, these systems have proved to be effective and reliable tools for genome engineering. Here we generally review application of these systems for genome editing in conventional model objects of current biology, functional genome screening, cell-based human hereditary disease modeling, epigenome studies and visualization of cellular processes. Additionally, we review general strategies for designing TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 and analyzing their activity. We also discuss some obstacles researcher can face using these genome editing tools.
Practical implementation of an interior point nonmonotone line search filter method

Here we present a primal-dual interior point nonmonotone line search filter method for nonlinear programming. The filter relies on three measures, the feasibility, the centrality and the optimality presented in the optimality conditions, and considers relaxed acceptability criteria for the step size and includes a feasibility restoration phase. Evaluation of the method has, until now, been made on small problems and a comparison is provided with a merit function approach.
Governing for the Mainstream: Implications for Community Representation

In this paper I begin by examining the role of extra-parliamentary institutions of representation within Australian democracy. I suggest that such institutions are an important supplement to majoritarian political institutions in ensuring that ‘weak voices’ are heard in the policy process. I then look at the impact of the Howard government on such extra parliamentary forms of community representation, drawing parallels with contemporaneous developments in Canada. I find that changes were in fact initiated under Labor governments, seeking to impose managerialist models on community-based representation. The further controls introduced by the Howard government have, however, seriously reduced the capacity of community-based peak bodies to represent their constituencies. These constraints create the danger of a less inclusive democracy, where the voices of those outside the mainstream can be ignored or misrepresented.
Visualization of Clinical Protocols

We developed a time-oriented, skeletal plan-representation language called Asbru [1] used to represent clinical protocols. It is a modeling language which supports both the design and the execution of skeletal plans by a human executing agent other than the original plan designer. During the design phase, Asbru allows to express durative actions and plans caused by durative states of an observed agent. During the execution phase, Asbru allows flexibility to instantiate the skeletal plans with time-oriented patient data. Thus Asbru is a complex language and is hard to understand if the user has no training in formal methods or computer science. To solve this problem we developed a visual interface called AsbruView [2]. Based on visual metaphors like traffic signs and running tracks, AsbruView provides editing and visualizing. The three different views implemented, the Topological View (Fig. 1), the Temporal View, and the SOPO View (Set of Possible Occurances) are powerful tools to analyze and edit structural and temporal dependences of clinical protocols.
Social competence and behavior evaluation in children ages 3 to 6 years: The short form (SCBE-30).

The factor structure and scale characteristics of the shortened version ofthe Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE; P. J. LaFreniere & J. E. Dumas, 1995) are presented for a Quebec sample and 3 U.S. samples, as well as age and gender differences in the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems and social competence throughout the preschool years. Principal-components analyses identified 3 factors in all 4 samples: social competence (SC); anger-aggression (AA); and anxiety-withdrawal (AW). Each 10-item scale was shown to have high interrater and test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and temporal stability over a 6-month period. Across all samples, boys were rated substantially higher on AA and lower on SC scales than girls, though no trends toward a sex difference in AW were evident. A stepwise progression in SC with increasing age was apparent in all samples. AA and AW behaviors showed a decline in the U.S., but not in the Quebec sample.
The Linear Programming Approach to Reach-Avoid Problems for Markov Decision Processes

One of the most fundamental problems in Markov decision processes is analysis and control synthesis for safety and reachability specifications. We consider the stochastic reach-avoid problem, in which the objective is to synthesize a control policy to maximize the probability of reaching a target set at a given time, while staying in a safe set at all prior times. We characterize the solution to this problem through an infinite dimensional linear program. We then develop a tractable approximation to the infinite dimensional linear program through finite dimensional approximations of the decision space and constraints. For a large class of Markov decision processes modeled by Gaussian mixtures kernels we show that through a proper selection of the finite dimensional space, one can further reduce the computational complexity of the resulting linear program. We validate the proposed method and analyze its potential with a series of numerical case studies.
Atrial natriuretic factor decreases whole-body capillary absorption in rats.

Previous studies suggested that exogenous atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) altered extracellular fluid partition between plasma and interstitium. The effect of ANF and a similarly effective diuretic dose of furosemide on whole-body transcapillary fluid movement was studied in anesthetized rats by measuring changes in urine and plasma volumes, while accounting for the volume of fluid administered. After 75 min of infusion, urine volume was 9.9 +/- 1.0 ml/kg in rats receiving ANF (0.5 micrograms X min-1 X kg-1), and plasma volume decreased by 3.7 ml/kg (P less than 0.01) compared with rats receiving vehicle only. In the furosemide rats, urine volume was 12.3 +/- 1.9 ml/kg, yet plasma volume was not significantly different from that in the vehicle rats. These results suggested that unlike furosemide, which allowed sufficient capillary absorption to maintain plasma volume constant despite the large diuresis, ANF attenuated whole-body net capillary absorption. The effect of ANF on capillary absorption was quantitated in anephric rats by measuring the increase in plasma volume after intravenous administration of hyperoncotic albumin. After accounting for the volume administered, whole-body net capillary absorption was less (P less than 0.05) in the rats receiving ANF (4.8 +/- 0.4 ml/kg) than in those receiving vehicle (5.9 +/- 0.2 ml/kg). Plasma protein concentration was greater in other anephric rats receiving a similar ANF infusion than in those receiving vehicle. These findings suggest that ANF decreased capillary absorption because of increased average capillary hydrostatic pressure and not because of altered capillary permeability. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Infants: Research Opportunities Ignored

The age distribution of cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) in infants under the age of 1 year are reported from Bangkok, Thailand, and for the first time for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Yangon, Myanmar; and Surabaya, Indonesia. The four dengue viruses were isolated from Thai infants, all of whom were having a primary dengue infection. Progress studying the immunologically distinct infant DHF/DSS has been limited; most contemporary research has centered on DHF/DSS accompanying secondary dengue infections. In designing research results obtained in studies on a congruent animal model, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infections of kittens born to FIPV-immune queens should be considered. Research challenges presented by infant DHF/DSS are discussed.
Differential Fault Analysis Using Symbolic Execution

Differential fault analysis (DFA) is a cryptanalytic attack that uses corrupted cipher executions to extract secret/private keys. Traditionally applied in hardware-based systems, it is now being actively used in extracting keys from (whiteboxed) software cipher implementations. Extensive research is published which aims at increasing the efficiency of DFA on symmetric ciphers using fewer number of faulty cipher texts. However, such DFA attacks require manual analysis as a pre-processing step, a fixed guess at the fault model, and can be non-trivial to implement. Algebraic Fault Analysis (AFA) is a class of DFA which overcomes these difficulties by using a combination of algebraic cryptanalysis and DFA to retrieve the secret key. In this paper, we present a methodology which decreases the complexity of performing AFA, by using a symbolic execution engine on a software implementation of the cipher to create constraints which are then fed into a SAT solver. We test our proposed methodology against the AES and DES ciphers using different fault models, and show that under a given fault model, the keys can be extracted with as little as ~2 and ~5 faults respectively.
Trust: Reality or illusion? A critical examination of Williamson

For Oliver Williamson, the concept of trust is useless (Williamson, O. E. [1993]. Calculativeness, trust, and economic organization. The Journal of Law and Economics, 36, 453–486). Whenever a calculative approach is possible, and he believes it is for economic and social exchange in general with the exception of relations between family, friends and lovers, cooperation becomes self-sustaining because it is founded exclusively on the convergence of interests. My critical examination bears on the generality and the realism of the conditions underlying this postulate, namely the presence of a common calculative space and the existence of a shared observational world. It tends to show in particular that Williamson confuses calculation and judgement and, as a result, he fails to disqualify the use of the notion of trust for either social exchange or market relations.
Exercise Hypertension

Irrespective of apparent ‘normal' resting blood pressure (BP), some individuals may experience an excessive elevation in BP with exercise (i.e. systolic BP ≥210 mm Hg in men or ≥190 mm Hg in women or diastolic BP ≥110 mm Hg in men or women), a condition termed exercise hypertension or a ‘hypertensive response to exercise' (HRE). An HRE is a relatively common condition that is identified during standard exercise stress testing; however, due to a lack of information with respect to the clinical ramifications of an HRE, little value is usually placed on such a finding. In this review, we discuss both the clinical importance and underlying physiological contributors of exercise hypertension. Indeed, an HRE is associated with an increased propensity for target organ damage and also predicts the future development of hypertension, cardiovascular events and mortality, independent of resting BP. Moreover, recent work has highlighted that some of the elevated cardiovascular risks associated with an HRE may be related to high-normal resting BP (pre-hypertension) or ambulatory ‘masked' hypertension and that an HRE may be an early warning signal of abnormal BP control that is otherwise undetected with clinic BP. Whilst an HRE may be amenable to treatment via pharmacological and lifestyle interventions, the exact physiological mechanism of an HRE remains elusive, but it is likely a manifestation of multiple factors including large artery stiffness, increased peripheral resistance, neural circulatory control and metabolic irregularity. Future research focus may be directed towards determining threshold values to denote the increased risk associated with an HRE and further resolution of the underlying physiological factors involved in the pathogenesis of an HRE.
Education and Development: From the Age of Innocence to the Age of Scepticism.

The task of discussing the nature and the problematic aspects of the relationship between education and development towards the end of the 1970s involves looking back as well as looking forward. Assessing the developmental significance of educational programs and projects in recent years requires an awareness, both of what has happened to the nature of the relationship between education and development and to our understanding of that relationship. At the same time, one needs to look ahead in an effort to see whether the trends that have characterised recent years are likely to continue, or whether there is emerging a new and different agenda. An exercise of this kind capitalises on the benefit of hindsight: it allows us to discern trends and developments which, at the outset, were everything but clear to those setting out to shape policies for the period on which we are looking back. As to what lies ahead, we share their predicament, but we increase the probability of our being better prophets (or planners) to the extent that we understand the dynamics of the processes of economic growth and social change that have affected, and have been affected by, the direction and pattern of educational development. The history which we need to review, like most histories, has its share of shattered assumptions and unfulfilled expectations. Looking closer at those, we are likely to find that some are a function of unexpected or unexpectedly powerful forces which have influenced the course of history away from what had been anticipated. The strength of the pattern of international dependencies in the post-colonial period, for example, has tended to invalidate our more or less implicit assumptions about 'national development'. At the same time, however, many of the 'surprises' in the development history of the last two decades reflect more the innocence of our ideas of the development process and the forces determining it than genuinely unforeseeable events. The notion of the contribution that the growth of education would make to development is a case in point. Whatever the nature and source of our 'errors', however, we stand to learn a good deal from them, and hopefully enough to arrive at a more cautious and realistic perspective on the development process to which our future efforts will be devoted. Time and space available for this exercise demand that it be undertaken in a more aggregate form than the complexity of the matter would justify. A great deal of instructive and important variation--across different countries and regions, across different areas of developmental concern, and across different time periods-will thereby be lost. It is hoped that this deficiency is
Mass material transfer of Ag-SnO2 contact material in DC level

A composite contact materials Ag-SnO2 have been used in low current switching devices for its good anti-welding properties and resistance to arc erosion. But the mass material transfer occurred at large surge current in DC switching now and then. Mass material transfer have an increased probability of early failures because the effective contact gap reduces or two contacts lock together. In this research, the shape and distribution of crystals at the contact surfaces were observed to analyse the reason of mass transfer. It was found that the shape and distribution of the crystals are like sunflower at the contact surfaces. The equal axes crystals distributed over the surfaces center, and the radial club-shaped crystals distributed around the center. One test showed that the melting phenomena at the interface of crystals had precedence over that in other sections at large surge current for the composite contact materials Ag-SnO2, it result in individual crystal transfer or several crystals transfer together.
Psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder

Aim: To provide a selected overview of the literature on psychosocial treatments for bipolar disorder Method: Selective literature review Results: Randomised controlled trials of psychosocial interventions in bipolar disorder fall largely into five categories, namely: psychoeducation, integrated treatments, family based therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal social rhythm therapy. Most studies have shown some benefit in terms of relapse prevention, but have tended to be effective for either the depressed or the manic pole, and not both. Broader outcome parameters such as quality of life have not been reported consistently. The mechanisms whereby treatments might exert their effects have not been clearly delineated. Many studies have excluded patients with bipolar II and other variants, and those with psychiatric and substance use comorbidities, reducing their generalisability. Discussion: Whilst psychosocial treatments show promise in the area of bipolar disorder, more work is required to delineate the effective elements of such interventions, and to ensure generalisability to individuals with bipolar II and other forms of bipolar disorder, as well as those with psychiatric and substance use comorbidities. Other forms of delivery, such as via the internet, deserve further exploration.
The deviated balance between regulatory T cell and Th17 in autoimmunity

Identifying the regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells led to breaking the dichotomy of Th1/Th2 cells axis in immune responses involved in several autoimmune diseases. It is now well known that Tregs and Th17 cells are main orchestra leaders in pathogenesis symphony of autoimmunity. While Tregs are protective cells in autoimmune diseases, Th17 cells enhance the progression of autoimmune responses through induction of various pro-inflammatory reactions. It seems that the progression of autoimmunity may be associated with increase in Th17 and decrease in Treg levels, so that skewed balance between Tregs and Th17 toward Th17 is a phenomenon, which could be observed during progression of several autoimmune diseases. Although it is suggested that expansion and transfer of Tregs can be a new therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases, however, recent data about the phenotype conversion of Tregs into Th17 cells obligate us to more investigation on this approaching. Thus, identifying the new factors that induce stable phenotype in Tregs and prevent their phenotype conversion into Th17 cells as well as targeting the factor, which can modulate their balance, might be recommended as a new promising therapeutic method for autoimmune therapy. In this review, we try to clarify the factors, which can affect on this balance in various autoimmune diseases, as new targets in treatment of these diseases.