Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coseismic Tectonic Surface Deformation during the 2010 Maule, Chile, Mw 8.8 Earthquake

Tectonic deformation from the 2010 Maule (Chile) Mw 8.8 earthquake included both uplift and subsidence along about 470 km of the central Chilean coast. In the south, deformation included as much as 3 m of uplift of the Arauco Peninsula, which produced emergent marine platforms and affected harbor infrastructure. In the central part of the deformation zone, north of Constitución, coastal subsidence drowned supratidal floodplains and caused extensive shoreline modification. In the north, coastal areas experienced either slight uplift or no detected change in land level. Also, river-channel deposition and decreased gradients suggest tectonic subsidence may have occurred in inland areas. The overall north-south pattern of 2010 coastal uplift and subsidence is similar to the average crestal elevation of the Coast Range between latitudes 33°S and 40°S. This similarity implies that the topography of the Coast Range may reflect long-term permanent strain accrued incrementally over many earthquake cycles.
Lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein E genotype, and risk of Alzheimer's disease

Objectives: To explore the possible role of serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein E polymorphism, and total cholesterol (TC) serum concentrations in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Lp(a) serum concentrations, apolipoprotein E genotypes, and TC serum concentrations were determined in 61 patients with a diagnosis of probable AD and in 63 healthy unrelated age matched controls. Genomic DNA was obtained and amplified by polymerase chain reaction and apolipoprotein E genotypes were defined following a previously described procedure. Results: Lp(a) serum concentrations were significantly associated in a non-linear relation with an increased risk for AD, independently of apolipoprotein E genotypes and sex and dependent on age (truth association) and TC serum concentrations (spurious association). The effect of age adjusted for TC on the odds of having AD increased non-linearly with increasing Lp(a) serum concentrations, with a plateau between 70 and 355 mg/l (odds ratio 11.33). For Lp(a) serum concentrations ≥ 360 mg/l, the effect of age (≥ 72 years) was associated with a reduction in odds of having AD (odds ratio 0.15). Conclusion: It is suggested that increased Lp(a) serum concentrations, by increasing the risk for cerebrovascular disease, may have a role in determining clinical AD.
High incidence of extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease in patients with the REG3A rs7588571 non-GG genotype

Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha (REG3A) is a biomarker of lower gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); however, the biological role of REG3A in the pathophysiology of GVHD is not understood. Here, we examined the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the REG3A gene, rs7588571, which is located upstream and within 2 kb of the REG3A gene, and transplant outcomes including the incidence of GVHD. The study population consisted of 126 adult Japanese patients who had undergone bone marrow transplantation from a HLA-matched sibling. There was no association between rs7588571 polymorphism and the incidence of acute GVHD. However, a significantly higher incidence of extensive chronic GVHD was observed in patients with the rs7588571 non-GG genotype than in those with the GG genotype (Odds ratio 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–6.0; P = 0.029). Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR demonstrated that the rs7588571 non-GG genotype exhibited a significantly lower REG3A mRNA expression level than the GG genotype (P = 0.032), and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the rs7588571 non-GG genotype exhibited a trend toward lower REG3A protein expression level than the GG genotype (P = 0.053). Since REG proteins have several activities that function to control intestinal microbiota, and since intestinal dysbiosis is in part responsible for the development of GVHD, our findings lead to the novel concept that REG3A could have some protective effect in the pathogenesis of GVHD through the regulation of gut microbiota.
Long‐term leucine supplementation aggravates prolonged strenuous exercise‐induced cardiovascular changes in trained rats

What is the central question of this study? Can long‐term leucine supplementation prevent prolonged strenuous endurance exercise induced cardiac injury? What is the main finding and its importance? Prolonged endurance exercise does not seem to exceed cardiac energetic capacity, hence it does not represent an energy threat to this organ, at least in trained subjects. However, it may induce, in susceptible individuals, a state of cardiac electrical instability, which has been associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This situation might be worsened when combined with leucine supplementation, which leads to increased blood pressure and cardiac injury. Leucine supplementation failed to prevent cardiac fatigue symptoms and may aggravate prolonged strenuous exercise‐induced cardiovascular disturbances in trained rats.
Lifting the Iron Curtain: Toward an Understanding of the Iron Stars XX Oph and AS 325

We present new optical, near‐infrared, and archival ultraviolet observations of XX Ophiuchi and AS 325, two proposed “iron” stars. These unusual stars have optical spectra dominated by emission lines arising from hydrogen, as well as ionized metals such as iron, chromium, and titanium. Both stars have been classified as “iron” stars, and a number of exotic models have been presented for their origin. Using 2 years of moderately high resolution optical spectroscopy, the first high signal‐to‐noise ratio K‐band spectroscopy of these sources (which reveals stellar photospheric absorption lines), and new near‐infrared interferometric observations, we confirm that both systems are composed of two stars, likely binaries, containing a hot Be star with an evolved late‐type secondary. The hydrogen emission features arise in the hot wind from the Be star, while the corresponding P‐Cygni absorption lines are produced from dense material in the expanding, radiation‐driven wind around each system. The optical Fe ii emission lines are pumped by ultraviolet Fe ii absorption lines through fluorescence. Contrary to some claims in the literature, the spectral features of XX Oph and AS 325 are quite similar, evidence that they are comparable systems. We examine the variability of the spectral morphology and radial velocity motions of both sources. We also study the variability of XX Oph during a major photometric event and find that the spectral nature of the system varies during the event. A comparison of the velocity of the absorption‐line components in our new spectra with those in the literature show that the structure of the stellar wind from XX Oph has changed since the system was observed in 1951.
Involvement of Werner syndrome protein in MUTYH-mediated repair of oxidative DNA damage

Reactive oxygen species constantly generated as by-products of cellular metabolism readily attack genomic DNA creating mutagenic lesions such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanine (8-oxo-G) that promote aging. 8-oxo-G:A mispairs arising during DNA replication are eliminated by base excision repair initiated by the MutY DNA glycosylase homologue (MUTYH). Here, by using formaldehyde crosslinking in mammalian cell extracts, we demonstrate that the WRN helicase/exonuclease defective in the premature aging disorder Werner syndrome (WS) is recruited to DNA duplex containing an 8-oxo-G:A mispair in a manner dependent on DNA polymerase λ (Polλ) that catalyzes accurate DNA synthesis over 8-oxo-G. Similarly, by immunofluorescence, we show that Polλ is required for accumulation of WRN at sites of 8-oxo-G lesions in human cells. Moreover, we show that nuclear focus formation of WRN and Polλ induced by oxidative stress is dependent on ongoing DNA replication and on the presence of MUTYH. Cell viability assays reveal that depletion of MUTYH suppresses the hypersensitivity of cells lacking WRN and/or Polλ to oxidative stress. Biochemical studies demonstrate that WRN binds to the catalytic domain of Polλ and specifically stimulates DNA gap filling by Polλ over 8-oxo-G followed by strand displacement synthesis. Our results suggest that WRN promotes long-patch DNA repair synthesis by Polλ during MUTYH-initiated repair of 8-oxo-G:A mispairs.
Organization of projections from the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: A PHA‐L study in the rat

The axonal projections of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus were investigated by using Phaseolous vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin. The main conclusion of this work is that these projections are largely intrahypothalamic, with smaller components directed toward the brainstem and telencephalon. Although the intrahypothalamic pathways are very complex and intermix at various levels, we conclude that dorsomedial nucleus outputs follow three distinct ascending pathways: periventricular, coursing through the hypothalamic periventricular zone; ventral, traveling beneath the medial zone; and lateral, ascending in medial parts of the lateral hypothalamic area. Within the hypothalamus, the most densely innervated areas are the paraventricular nucleus, other dorsal regions of the periventricular zone, the preoptic suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the parastrial nucleus. Other significant terminal fields include the median preoptic, anteroventral periventricular, lateral part of the medial preoptic, and anteroventral preoptic nuclei; and the retrochiasmatic (including perisuprachiasmatic) area. Descending projections follow two pathways that also converge at various levels: a dorsal pathway in the midbrain periventricular system travels through, and primarily innervates, the periaqueductal and pontine gray, and a ventral pathway extends through ventromedial regions of the brainstem. Although sparse, fibers in the later pathway can be traced as far caudally as the nucleus of the solitary tract. The results are discussed relative to the pathways and properties of nearby hypothalamic medial zone nuclei. Dorsomedial nucleus projections are similar to certain other nuclei (e.g., anteroventral periventricular and parastrial) with predominantly intrahypothalamic projections, and different from those arising in the medial zone nuclei (medial preoptic, anterior hypothalamic, ventromedial, and mammillary). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence and aetiology of heart failure; a population-based study.

AIMS To determine the incidence and aetiology of heart failure in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS New cases of heart failure were identified from a population of 151 000 served by 82 general practitioners in Hillingdon, West London through surveillance of acute hospital admissions and through a rapid access clinic to which general practitioners referred all new cases of suspected heart failure. On the basis of clinical assessment, electrocardiography, chest radiography and transthoracic echocardiography, a panel of three cardiologists decided that 220 patients met the case definition of new heart failure over a 20 month period (crude incidence rate of 1.3 cases per 1000 population per year for those aged 25 years or over). The incidence rate increased from 0.02 cases per 1000 population per year in those aged 25-34 years to 11.6 in those aged 85 years and over. The incidence was higher in males than females (age-adjusted incidence ratio 1.75 [95% confidence interval 1.34-2.29, P<0.0001]). The median age at presentation was 76 years. The primary aetiologies were coronary heart disease (36%), unknown (34%), hypertension (14%), valve disease (7%), atrial fibrillation alone (5%), and other (5%). CONCLUSIONS Within the general population, new cases of heart failure largely occur in the elderly, and the incidence is higher in men than women. The single most common aetiology is coronary heart disease, but in a third of cases the aetiology cannot be determined on the basis of non-invasive investigation alone. To be relevant to clinical practice, future clinical trials in heart failure should not exclude the elderly.
Speaker Diarization: A review

Speaker Diarization is the task of identifying start and end time of a speaker in an audio file, together with the identity of the speaker i.e. “who spoke when”. Diarization has many applications in speaker indexing, retrieval, speech recognition with speaker identification, diarizing meeting and lectures. In this paper, we have reviewed state-of-art approaches involving telephony, TV shows, broadcasting and meeting data. Along with the state-of-art approaches, the major approaches that are commonly used in diarization are reviewed. Few possible future directions of this technology are also identified.
From a self that controls to self-control: paradigm shifts in early Buddhism and in cognitive science

This thesis describes two similar paradigm shifts––one between Brahmanism and Buddhism and the other between Cartesian and non-Cartesian perspectives in contemporary mind-science. These shifts are characterized by a similar transition from the view that there is a Self that exercises ultimate control, to the view that the entire person engages in limited self-control. Both the Cartesian and the Brahmanical perspectives accommodate notions of ultimate free will, immaterial souls, a ‘Self’ that transcends mundane causality and bears similitude to the divine; control is seen metaphorically as the power of an absolute monarch. On the other hand, both the Buddhist and the cognitive-scientific perspectives reject ultimate free will, ultimate Selves and divine transcendence. Instead, they promote the idea that self-control is possible within causally regulated reality, and that people have limited free will; control is seen as a property of the whole agent, not as an ultimate power of an internal monarch. These similarities may explain why Buddhism appeals to cognitive science: both systems are situated at similar positions within similar paradigm shifts. For different reasons, and reflecting different motivations, Buddhism and cognitive science have developed similar outlooks on self-hood and on self-control. The comparison of these two frameworks also helps to clarify a particular conceptual issue regarding self-control and determinism. It exposes the Cartesian assumption under some scholarly concerns that the Buddhist not-Self doctrine practically eliminates the possibility of self-control, self-development, free will, and moral responsibility. Contemporary compatibilist arguments are used to show why this is not so and that in both early Buddhism and in cognitive science self-control can exist in a deterministic reality.
Importin β Can Mediate the Nuclear Import of an Arginine-Rich Nuclear Localization Signal in the Absence of Importin α

ABSTRACT The import of proteins into the nucleus is dependent oncis-acting targeting sequences, nuclear localization signals (NLSs), and members of the nuclear transport receptor (importin-β-like) superfamily. The most extensively characterized import pathway, often termed the classical pathway, is utilized by many basic-type (lysine-rich) NLSs and requires an additional component, importin α, to serve as a bridge between the NLS and the import receptor importin β. More recently, it has become clear that a variety of proteins enter the nucleus via alternative import receptors and that their NLSs bind directly to those receptors. By using the digitonin-permeabilized cell system for protein import in vitro, we have defined the import pathway for the Rex protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Interestingly, the arginine-rich NLS of Rex uses importin β for import but does so by a mechanism that is importin α independent. Based on the ability of the Rex NLS to inhibit the import of the lysine-rich NLS of T antigen and of both NLSs to be inhibited by the domain of importin α that binds importin β (the IBB domain), we infer that the Rex NLS interacts with importin β directly. In addition, and in keeping with other receptor-mediated nuclear import pathways, Rex import is dependent on the integrity of the Ran GTPase cycle. Based on these results, we suggest that importin β can mediate the nuclear import of arginine-rich NLSs directly, or lysine-rich NLSs through the action of importin α.
Exact solution of BFKL equation in jet-physics

It has been recently found that the heavy quark-antiquark Q pair multiplicity, in certain phase space region (Q at short distance, soft and with small velocity), satisfies an evolution equation formally similar to the BFKL equation for the high energy scattering amplitude. We find the exact solution of the Q-equation and discuss the differences with the BFKL scattering amplitude
Classification of atrial tachyarrhythmias in electrocardiograms using time frequency analysis

In this work a novel automated method, combining time-frequency analysis and expert's knowledge, for the classification of atrial tachyarrhythmias is presented. It is based on the analysis of small ECG segments and their classification into three categories of cardiac rhythm: (a) atrial fibrillation, (b) atrial flutter and (c) normal sinus rhythms. Time-frequency analysis is used to calculate the power spectrum density for each segment. Several spectral characteristics are extracted from the power spectrum density, representing the energy distribution on the time-frequency plane. These characteristics are used as input in an artificial neural network, which classifies each ECG segment into one of the three categories. The method is validated using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and the obtained average sensitivity and specificity are 93.4% and 96.5%, respectively.
The Quiescent Emission Spectrum of Centaurus X-4 and Other X-Ray Transients Containing Neutron Stars

We use the observed optical-UV and X-ray emission spectrum of Cen X-4 during quiescence to constrain models for the accretion flow in this system. We argue that the optical-UV emission is not due to an optically thick quiescent accretion disk, nor due to synchrotron emission from an advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). Emission from the bright spot could account for the observed optical-UV component if the mass transfer rate in Cen X-4 is ≳2 × 1016 g s-1. Although the presence of an ADAF around the neutron star leads to Compton upscattering of the soft X-ray photons radiated from the stellar surface, we find that this process alone cannot account for the power-law component seen in the quiescent X-ray spectrum of Cen X-4 and other X-ray transients containing neutron stars; this result is independent of whether the source of soft photons is incandescent thermal emission or accretion-powered emission. We conclude that, in models which invoke the presence of an ADAF and a propeller effect for the quiescence of X-ray transients containing neutron stars, the intrinsic emission from the ADAF must contribute very little to the optical-UV and X-ray emission observed. If these ADAF + propeller models are correct, the X-ray power-law component observed must arise from regions where the gas impacts the neutron star surface. Variability studies could greatly help clarify the role of the various emission mechanisms involved.
Data equivalency of an interactive voice response system for home assessment of back pain and function.

BACKGROUND Interactive voice response (IVR) systems that collect survey data using automated, push-button telephone responses may be useful to monitor patients' pain and function at home; however, its equivalency to other data collection methods has not been studied. OBJECTIVES To study the data equivalency of IVR measurement of pain and function to live telephone interviewing. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, 547 working adults (66% male) with acute back pain were recruited at an initial outpatient visit and completed telephone assessments one month later to track outcomes of pain, function, treatment helpfulness and return to work. An IVR system was introduced partway through the study (after the first 227 participants) to reduce the staff time necessary to contact participants by telephone during nonworking hours. RESULTS Of 368 participants who were subsequently recruited and offered the IVR option, 131 (36%) used IVR, 189 (51%) were contacted by a telephone interviewer after no IVR attempt was made within five days, and 48 (13%) were lost to follow-up. Those with lower income were more likely to use IVR. Analysis of outcome measures showed that IVR respondents reported comparatively lower levels of function and less effective treatment, but not after controlling for differences due to the delay in reaching non-IVR users by telephone (mean: 35.4 versus 29.2 days). CONCLUSIONS The results provided no evidence of information or selection bias associated with IVR use; however, IVR must be supplemented with other data collection options to maintain high response rates.
MIMO Systems for Military Communication / Applications

The Military is embracing the communication revolution, turning to a new generation of sophisticated systems to enable faster, richer, less costly, more flexible, reliable, compact, mobile, jam resistant, low probability of detection, re configurable and spectrally efficient communication. Many of these features can be added to a great extent in the existing systems, by utilising MIMO technology appropriately and judiciously. MIMO finds applications in wireless communication, NLOS communication, satellite communication, HF communication, Optical Fibre Communication. MIMO makes these technologies more suitable by introducing features mandatory for military communication such as Ant jamming capability, Low Probability of Intercept, low visibility of satellite earth Antennas by reducing their aperture area. MIMO can also provide redundancy by employing no extra resources, thereby increasing reliability. MIMO is highly effective to communicate with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (1).
THEMED SECTION: ENDOTHELIUM IN PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW Role of nitroso radicals as drug targets in circulatory shock

A vast amount of circumstantial evidence implicates oxygen-derived free radicals (especially, superoxide and hydroxyl radical) and high-energy oxidants [such as peroxynitrite (OONO-)] as mediators of shock and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Reactive oxygen species can initiate a wide range of toxic oxidative reactions. These include initiation of lipid peroxidation, direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase, inhibition of membrane sodium/potassium adenosine 5′-triphosphate-ase activity, inactivation of membrane sodium channels and other oxidative modifications of proteins. All these toxicities are likely to play a role in the pathophysiology of shock and ischaemia and reperfusion. Moreover, various studies have clearly shown that treatment with either OONOdecomposition catalysts, which selectively inhibit OONO-, or with superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics, which selectively mimic the catalytic activity of the human SOD enzymes, have been shown to prevent in vivo the delayed vascular decompensation and the cellular energetic failure associated with shock and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. British Journal of Pharmacology (2009) 157, 494–508; doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009. 00255.x