Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Earth Observation Satellite Data Semantically

This paper presents preliminary research results on using semantic technologies to model Earth observation satellite data. The research goal is to enhance the data search functionalities that satellite data catalogues provide to researchers and practitioners. An ontology that captures characteristics of satellite data is introduced. How to utilize this ontology in assisting data search and how to integrate this ontology with the existing satellite data catalogue is presented. One strength of this work is that it closely targets the existing satellite data catalogues, as they are the major sources of the satellite data. Therefore, this work is expected to effectively improve the efficiency when scientists searching satellite data. Another strength of this work is its flexibility, compared with the limited and stable searchable metadata elements employed in the satellite data catalogues. Therefore, this work is expected to dramatically expand the user base for satellite data catalogues from scientists and researchers to non-professionals, and even to
Replication of CLU, CR1, and PICALM associations with alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE To test for replication of the association between variants in the CLU, CR1, and PICALM genes with Alzheimer disease. DESIGN Follow-up case-control association study. SETTING The Mayo Clinics at Jacksonville, Florida, and Rochester, Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS Community-based patients of European descent with late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) and controls without dementia who were seen at the Mayo clinics, and autopsy-confirmed cases and controls whose pathology was evaluated at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville. Additional samples were obtained from the National Cell Repository for Alzheimer Disease (NCRAD). A total of 1829 LOAD cases and 2576 controls were analyzed. INTERVENTIONS The most significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CLU (rs11136000), CR1 (rs3818361), and PICALM (rs3851179) were tested for allelic association with LOAD. Main Outcome Measure Clinical or pathology-confirmed diagnosis of LOAD. RESULTS Odds ratios for CLU, CR1, and PICALM were 0.82, 1.15, and 0.80, respectively, comparable in direction and magnitude with those originally reported. P values were 8.6 x 10(-5), . 014, and 1.3 x 10(-5), respectively; they remain significant even after Bonferroni correction for the 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms tested. CONCLUSION These results show near-perfect replication and provide the first additional evidence that CLU, CR1, and PICALM are associated with the risk of LOAD.
The Impact of State Anxiety on Fear Inhibition

State anxiety was investigated as a moderator of learning to discriminate between safe and danger cues and transfer of fear inhibition within a conditioning paradigm. Participants were induced into a state of high anxiety (n = 21) or low anxiety (n = 24). Inhibitory learning was measured by the reduction in threat expectancy to the presentation of a safety cue (cue that predicts the absence of threat) concurrently with a danger cue (cue that predicts the presence of threat) compared to the presentation of the danger cue alone. As expected, state anxiety induction interfered with inhibitory learning. The current finding is the first to demonstrate that state anxiety has direct causal influence on fear inhibition.
Genome-Wide Analysis Points to Roles for Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, the Visual Cycle, and Neuronal Development in Myopia

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the most common eye disorder, resulting primarily from excess elongation of the eye. The etiology of myopia, although known to be complex, is poorly understood. Here we report the largest ever genome-wide association study (45,771 participants) on myopia in Europeans. We performed a survival analysis on age of myopia onset and identified 22 significant associations (), two of which are replications of earlier associations with refractive error. Ten of the 20 novel associations identified replicate in a separate cohort of 8,323 participants who reported if they had developed myopia before age 10. These 22 associations in total explain 2.9% of the variance in myopia age of onset and point toward a number of different mechanisms behind the development of myopia. One association is in the gene PRSS56, which has previously been linked to abnormally small eyes; one is in a gene that forms part of the extracellular matrix (LAMA2); two are in or near genes involved in the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal (RGR and RDH5); two are near genes known to be involved in the growth and guidance of retinal ganglion cells (ZIC2, SFRP1); and five are in or near genes involved in neuronal signaling or development. These novel findings point toward multiple genetic factors involved in the development of myopia and suggest that complex interactions between extracellular matrix remodeling, neuronal development, and visual signals from the retina may underlie the development of myopia in humans.
Critical Review: Is webcam-based delivery of fluency intervention effective for the treatment of stuttering?

This critical review examines the efficacy of webcam-based fluency intervention that is delivered through audio-video conferencing. Five articles were assessed in total. The study research designs consisted of two single subject designs and three expert opinion pieces. Overall, evidence suggests this service delivery method has potential be an effective alternative to face-to-face delivery. The results of this review indicate that clinicians should be cautious of the implementation of this type of program, and only do so after careful consideration of individual client variables. Challenges and limitations of research, and future recommendations are discussed.
Ghrelin and peptide YY ( PYY ) profiles in gastrointestinal tissues and the circulation of the rat during pregnancy and lactation

Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) profiles in gastrointestinal tissues and the circulation of the rat during pregnancy and lactation Journal Item How to cite: Taylor, Victoria J.; Patterson, Michael; Ghatei, Mohammed A. ; Bloom, Stephen R. and Wilson, Catherine A. (2009). Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) profiles in gastrointestinal tissues and the circulation of the rat during pregnancy and lactation. Peptides, 30(12) pp. 2213–2220.
Characterization of osmotin : a thaumatin-like protein associated with osmotic adaptation in plant cells.

Cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var Wisconsin 38) cells adapted to grow under osmotic stress synthesize and accumulate a 26 kilodalton protein (osmotin) which can constitute as much as 12% of total cellular protein. In cells adapted to NaCl, osmotin occurs in two forms: an aqueous soluble form (osmotin-I) and a detergent soluble form (osmotin II) in the approximate ratio of 2:3. Osmotin-I has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, and osmotin-II has been purified to 90% electrophoretic homogeneity. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of osmotins I and II are identical through position 22. Osmotin-II appears to be much more resistant to proteolysis than osmotin-I. However, it cross-reacts with polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against osmotin-I. Osmotin strongly resembles the sweet protein thaumatin in its molecular weight, amino acid composition, N-terminal sequence, and the presence of a signal peptide on the precursor protein. Thaumatin does not cross-react with antiosmotin. An osmotin solution could not be detected as sweet at a concentration at least 100 times that of thaumatin which could be detected as sweet. Immunocytochemical detection of osmotin revealed that osmotin is concentrated in dense inclusion bodies within the vacuole. Although antiosmotin did not label organelles, cell walls, or membranes, osmotin appeared sparsely distributed in the cytoplasm.
Manipulating Objects and Telling Words: A Study on Concrete and Abstract Words Acquisition

Four experiments (E1–E2–E3–E4) investigated whether different acquisition modalities lead to the emergence of differences typically found between concrete and abstract words, as argued by the words as tools (WAT) proposal. To mimic the acquisition of concrete and abstract concepts, participants either manipulated novel objects or observed groups of objects interacting in novel ways (Training 1). In TEST 1 participants decided whether two elements belonged to the same category. Later they read the category labels (Training 2); labels could be accompanied by an explanation of their meaning. Then participants observed previously seen exemplars and other elements, and were asked which of them could be named with a given label (TEST 2). Across the experiments, it was more difficult to form abstract than concrete categories (TEST 1); even when adding labels, abstract words remained more difficult than concrete words (TEST 2). TEST 3 differed across the experiments. In E1 participants performed a feature production task. Crucially, the associations produced with the novel words reflected the pattern evoked by existing concrete and abstract words, as the first evoked more perceptual properties. In E2–E3–E4, TEST 3 consisted of a color verification task with manual/verbal (keyboard–microphone) responses. Results showed the microphone use to have an advantage over keyboard use for abstract words, especially in the explanation condition. This supports WAT: due to their acquisition modality, concrete words evoke more manual information; abstract words elicit more verbal information. This advantage was not present when linguistic information contrasted with perceptual one. Implications for theories and computational models of language grounding are discussed.
The Arabidopsis sweetie mutant is affected in carbohydrate metabolism and defective in the control of growth, development and senescence.

SUMMARY Sugars modulate many vital metabolic and developmental processes in plants, from seed germination to flowering, senescence and protection against diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the exact mechanisms involved in morphogenesis, developmental signalling and stress tolerance remain largely unknown. Here we report the characterization of a novel Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, sweetie, with drastically altered morphogenesis, and a strongly modified carbohydrate metabolism leading to elevated levels of trehalose, trehalose-6-phosphate and starch. We additionally show that the disruption of SWEETIE causes significant growth and developmental alterations, such as severe dwarfism, lancet-shaped leaves, early senescence and flower sterility. Genes implicated in sugar metabolism, senescence, ethylene biosynthesis and abiotic stress were found to be upregulated in sweetie. Our physiological, biochemical, genetic and molecular data indicate that the mutation in sweetie was nuclear, single and recessive. The effects of metabolizable sugars and osmolytes on sweetie morphogenesis were distinct; in light, sweetie was hypersensitive to sucrose and glucose during vegetative growth and a partial phenotypic reversion took place in the presence of high sorbitol concentrations. However, SWEETIE encodes a protein that is unrelated to any known enzyme involved in sugar metabolism. We suggest that SWEETIE plays an important regulatory function that influences multiple metabolic, hormonal and stress-related pathways, leading to altered gene expression and pronounced changes in the accumulation of sugar, starch and ethylene.
Anxiety and Depression: Congruent, Separate, or Both?1

This study investigated whether using state-trait distinctions of both depression and anxiety would allow for further identification of the unique and overlapping features of these two symptom structures. Three hundred and seventy-one undergraduate students (122 men, 249 women) responded to questionnaires exploring both state and trait depression and anxiety. Results revealed that women reported higher levels of depression and anxiety for all measures except for state anxiety, where men scored higher than women. Results also demonstrated stronger within-construct correlations (i.e., state depression with trait depression) than between construct correlations (i.e., state depression with trait anxiety), supporting the distinctness of the two constructs. The uniqueness of depression and anxiety was further supported by factor analysis. Overlap in symptoms also occurred, but the correlations were generally stronger for congruent symptom types (i.e., state depression and state anxiety rather than state depression and trait anxiety). Results are discussed in terms of viewing depression and anxiety as distinct constructs with overlapping features.
Channel selection strategy for Cognitive Radio using NS2

For Cognitive Radio network's (CRN's) channel selection plays a very crucial role in efficient and reliable data distribution. In the perspective of Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), channel selection is more difficult because the channel may be occupied by primary radio (PR) nodes. Furthermore, Cognitive Radio (CR) transmission must not degrade the reception quality of PR nodes and should instantaneously switch to other available band, each time a neighboring PR activity is detected. As a consequence, it is important and but tremendously difficult for CR nodes to properly select channel allowing reliable communication. This paper proposes a method which predicts future idle times of various channels based on the past sequence which allows a cognitive radio (CR) to select the best channels for data transmission. The simulation results using NS2 validates that intelligent channel selection improves the throughput and reduces channel switching as compared to random channel selection.
Carbohydrate Starvation Stimulates Differential Expression of Rice α-Amylase Genes That Is Modulated through Complicated Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Processes*

Expression of α-amylase genes in cultured rice suspension cells is induced by sucrose starvation. To study the mechanism of sugar metabolite regulation on the expression of individual α-amylase genes, DNA fragments specific to each of eight rice α-amylase genes were synthesized and used as gene-specific probes. Comparison of the relative abundance of mRNA revealed that expression of the eight α-amylase genes in rice cells was differentially regulated by sucrose starvation. Accumulation of all the α-amylase mRNAs increased in response to sucrose starvation; however, levels of the αAmy3 and αAmy8 mRNAs were distinctly higher and constituted 90% of total α-amylase mRNAs. RNA gel blot and nuclear run-on transcription analyses demonstrated a positive correlation between the increased transcription rates and the elevated steady-state levels of α-amylase mRNAs induced by sucrose starvation. The half-lives of αAmy3, αAmy7, and αAmy8 were prolonged by sucrose-starvation; however, the stability of the three mRNAs seems controlled by different mechanisms. The translation inhibitors cycloheximide and anisomycin preferentially blocked the sucrose-suppressed expression of αAmy3 but not that of αAmy7 and αAmy8. These inhibitors also enhanced the sucrose starvation-induced accumulation of αAmy3 mRNA but not that of αAmy7 or αAmy8 mRNAs. Cycloheximide did not significantly alter the transcription rates of α-amylase genes, suggesting that labile proteins may selectively stabilize the αAmy7 and αAmy8 mRNAs but destabilize the αAmy3 mRNA.
Cetuximab shows activity in colorectal cancer patients with tumors that do not express the epidermal growth factor receptor by immunohistochemistry.

PURPOSE To establish evidence of activity, or lack thereof, of cetuximab-based therapy in patients with refractory colorectal cancer with tumors that do not demonstrate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Pharmacy computer records were reviewed to identify all patients who received cetuximab at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in a nonstudy setting during the first 3 months of cetuximab's commercial availability. Medical records of these patients were then reviewed to identify colorectal cancer patients who had experienced failure with a prior irinotecan-based regimen and who had a pathology report indicating an EGFR-negative tumor by IHC. Pathology slides from these patients were reviewed by a reference pathologist to confirm EGFR negativity, and computed tomography scans during cetuximab-based therapy were reviewed by a reference radiologist. Response rates were reported using WHO criteria. RESULTS Sixteen chemotherapy-refractory, EGFR-negative colorectal cancer patients who received cetuximab in a nonstudy setting were identified. Fourteen of these patients received cetuximab plus irinotecan, and two received cetuximab monotherapy. In the 16 patients, four major objective responses were seen (response rate, 25%; 95% CI, 4% to 46%). CONCLUSION Colorectal cancer patients with EGFR-negative tumors have the potential to respond to cetuximab-based therapies. EGFR analysis by current IHC techniques does not seem to have predictive value, and selection or exclusion of patients for cetuximab therapy on the basis of currently available EGFR IHC does not seem warranted.
Brooding temperatures for chicks acclimated to heat during incubation: effects on post-hatch intestinal development and body weight under heat stress

1. The objective was to evaluate the effects of brooding temperature on intestinal development, oxidative organ damage, and performance of chicks acclimated to high temperature during incubation. The effects of acclimation and brooding temperatures on slaughter weights of broilers under heat stress were also investigated. 2. Eggs were incubated at either 37⋅8°C (INCCont) or heat-acclimated at 39⋅5°C for 6 h daily from d 10 to d 18 of incubation (INCH). Brooding temperatures at floor level were set at 32, 33⋅5 and 35°C (Bt32, Bt33⋅5, Bt35, respectively) for the first 5 d. The temperature was reduced gradually to 30°C from d 6 to d 10. From 21 to 42 d, broilers from INCCont Bt32 and INCH Bt32 and Bt35 were divided into two groups; half from each group was exposed to daily cyclic higher ambient temperatures, while the other half was reared at control temperature. 3. INCH chicks had lower jejunum, but greater liver and residual yolk sac weights than INCCont chicks on the day of hatching. Although INCH chicks from Bt33⋅5 and Bt35 had lighter body weights than Bt32 on d 5, no significant differences were observed in the body weight of broilers among treatments at 10 and 21 d. 4. Similar jejunum protein, alkaline phosphatase, maltase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde contents of chicks from INCCont and INCH suggested that heat acclimation during incubation has no effect on jejunum enzyme activity or oxidative status of chicks. 5. Taking into account INCH Bt35 chicks having lower T3 levels on d 5, lower heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios and similar weights at 42 d under heat stress compared with control broilers, the results suggested that although higher brooding temperatures had no effect on body weights of INCH chicks during the brooding period, those broilers may able to cope better with heat stress.
Cross-cultural emotional prosody recognition: Evidence from Chinese and British listeners

This cross-cultural study of emotional tone of voice recognition tests the in-group advantage hypothesis (Elfenbein & Ambady, 2002) employing a quasi-balanced design. Individuals of Chinese and British background were asked to recognise pseudosentences produced by Chinese and British native speakers, displaying one of seven emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happy, neutral tone of voice, sad, and surprise). Findings reveal that emotional displays were recognised at rates higher than predicted by chance; however, members of each cultural group were more accurate in recognising the displays communicated by a member of their own cultural group than a member of the other cultural group. Moreover, the evaluation of error matrices indicates that both culture groups relied on similar mechanism when recognising emotional displays from the voice. Overall, the study reveals evidence for both universal and culture-specific principles in vocal emotion recognition.
Huntington's disease patients have selective problems with insight

The objective of this study was to determine insight in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) by contrasting patients' ability to rate their own behavior with their ability to rate a person other than themselves. HD patients and carers completed the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), rating themselves and each other at two time points. The temporal stability of these ratings was initially examined using these two time points since there is no published test–retest reliability of the DEX with this population to date. This was followed by a comparison of patients' self‐ratings and carer's independent ratings of patients by performing correlations with patients' disease variables, and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on both sets of ratings. The DEX showed good test–retest reliability, with patients consistently and persistently underestimating the degree of their dysexecutive behavior, but not that of their carers. Patients' self‐ratings and carers' ratings of patients both showed that dysexecutive behavior in HD can be fractionated into three underlying components (Cognition, Self‐regulation, Insight), and the relative ranking of these factors was similar for both data sets. HD patients consistently underestimated the extent of only their own dysexecutive behaviors relative to carers' ratings by 26%, but were similar in ascribing ranks to the components of dysexecutive behavior. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
A 31.3fJ/conversion-step 70.4dB SNDR 30MS/s 1.2V two-step pipelined ADC in 0.13μm CMOS

Analog-to-digital conversion with a signal bandwidth of 10 to 20MHz and ENOB of 11 to 12b has become a common requirement in many modern wireless communication systems where low power consumption is always a necessity. Typically, the traditional 2-step pipelined ADC is not considered a good candidate to meet these design specifications, since it is implemented with a power-hungry high-resolution flash sub-ADC and high-gain residue amplifier. Recently, however, low-power SAR architectures have been proposed as efficient replacements for flash-based sub-ADCs [1], especially since the conversion rate may be improved with the use of asynchronous clocking [2].
A Universal Resource Awareness Channel for Cognitive Radio

Cognitive radio is certain to transform our traditional radio resource allocation regimes. Through cognitive radio, better spectrum efficiency can be leveraged by radios intelligently altering their radio resource usages dependent on locally available information about radio conditions. A significant challenge for cognitive radio, however, is awareness of these local radio conditions. One crude solution is for the radio to periodically scan the complete spectrum band over which cognition in radio resource usages can apply. Such an operation would be time-consuming and wasteful of power, and ultimately would be entirely impractical. In this paper, we therefore propose the concept of a resource awareness channel (RAC)-a single universally available channel on a fixed frequency, on which information about resource usage is conveyed by all radios using the cognitive radio spectrum band. This allows cognitive radios that want to alter their transmission resources to make an informed decision about the practicality or these prospective changes in terms or interference for the system as a whole, simply by listening to the RAC. We analyse the performance or this proposed RAC concept, and show it to be practical even in areas that are highly populated by radios