Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal nutrition alters the expression of insulin-like growth factors in fetal sheep liver and skeletal muscle.

We investigated the influence of maternal dietary restriction between days 28 and 80 of gestation followed by re-feeding to the intake of well-fed ewes up to 140 days of gestation (term is 147 days) in sheep, on expression of mRNA for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and growth hormone receptor (GHR) in fetal liver and skeletal muscle. Singleton bearing ewes either consumed 3.2-3.8 MJ/day of metabolisable energy (ME) (i.e. nutrient restricted - approximately 60% of ME requirements, taking into account requirements for both ewe maintenance and growth of the conceptus) or 8.7-9.9 MJ/day (i.e. well fed - approximately 150% of ME requirements) between days 28 and 80 of gestation. All ewes were then well fed (150% of ME requirements) up to day 140 of gestation and consumed 8-10.9 MJ/day. At days 80 and 140 of gestation, five ewes were sampled from each group and fetal tissues taken. There was no difference in fetal body weight or liver weights between groups at either sampling date, or skeletal muscle (quadriceps) weight at 140 days. IGF-I mRNA abundance was lower in livers of nutrient-restricted fetuses at day 80 of gestation (nutrient restricted 2.35; well fed 3.70 arbitrary units), but was higher than well-fed fetuses at day 140 of gestation, after 60 days of re-feeding (restricted/re-fed 4.27; well fed 2.83;s.e.d. 0.98 arbitrary units, P=0.061 for dietxage interaction). IGF-II mRNA abundance was consistently higher in livers of nutrient-restricted fetuses (80 days: nutrient restricted 7.78; well fed 5.91; 140 days: restricted/re-fed 7.23; well fed 6.01;s.e.d. 1.09 arbitrary units, P=0.061 for diet). Nutrient restriction had no effect on hepatic GHR mRNA abundance, but re-feeding of previously nutrient-restricted fetuses increased GHR mRNA compared with continuously well-fed fetuses (80 days: nutrient restricted 70.6; well fed 75.1; 140 days: restricted/re-fed 115.7; well fed 89.4;s.e.d. 10.13 arbitrary units, P=0.047 for dietxage interaction). In fetal skeletal muscle, IGF-I mRNA abundance was not influenced by maternal nutrition and decreased with gestation age (P<0.01). IGF-II mRNA abundance was higher in skeletal muscle of nutrient-restricted fetuses compared with well-fed fetuses at day 80 of gestation (nutrient restricted 16.72; well fed 10.53 arbitrary units), but was lower than well-fed fetuses after 60 days of re-feeding (restricted/re-fed 7.77; well fed 13.72;s.e.d. 1.98 arbitrary units, P<0.001 for dietxage interaction). There was no effect of maternal nutrition or gestation age on fetal skeletal muscle GHR expression. In conclusion, maternal nutrient restriction in early to mid gestation with re-feeding thereafter results in alterations in hepatic and skeletal muscle expression of IGF-I, IGF-II and/or GHR in the fetus which may subsequently relate to altered organ and tissue function.
Epileptic seizure prediction based on singular value decomposition of heart rate variability features

The present study proposes new method for epileptic seizure prediction based on heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and one-class support vector machines (SVM) technique. Methods: Excessive neural activity in preictal period affects not only brain activity, but also autonomic nervous system, that affects HRV. The proposed method distinguishes eight features, analyzes matrix of eigenvalues and eigenvectors, makes prediction based on one class SVM. Results: The method was tested on data collected from 31 patients. Total amount of preictal intervals is 232, interictal hours is 85. The result achieved are: sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 92%, precision = 92%, F1 = 92%, accuracy = 95%, fraction error length = 5%.
Status Quo Analysis and Countermeasure Research on the Civil Servants'Job Burnout in Hebei Province

Nowadays, the social competition is becoming fiercer and fiercer, the competition pressures and working pressures of the working group obviously increased. With the increase of pressure in the working group, the occupational groups in all walks have different levels of job burnout,not excepting the civil servants. Grass-roots civil servants are the basic management of the public affairs, which is the direct power of the government functions.Their works are complicated, and a considerable part of people are in the high work pressure environment, physical and mental fatigue, which is harmful to the health and affects the organization efficiency. Therefore, we need to give much attention to the problem of occupational burnout, and explore the reasonable intervention measures to effectively protect the physical and mental health of the grass-roots civil servants, and promote the scientific development and orderly conduct of basic public management.
Chip-package co-design for optimization of 5.8GHz CMOS LNA performance

The co-design of chip-package is imperative for low noise amplifier (LNA) to achieve the best circuit performance. This paper describes a LNA matching network design by using external surface mount technology (SMT) elements on land grid array (LGA) package, and proposes simulation-based co-optimization methodologies that achieve power gain over than 10dB at 5.8GHz. The design scheme shows that the off-chip matching network is an efficient alternative to on-chip matching for low fabrication cost because of less silicon area and low cost LGA package.
The Kaleckian model of growth and distribution and its neo-Ricardian and neo-Marxian critiques

This paper analyzes the newer Kaleckian models of growth and distribution and the criticisms that have been addressed to them by neo-Marxian and neo-Ricardian authors. The models discussed assume overhead labor costs and target return pricing. The main issues are the form of the investment function and the notions of normal rates of profit and of normal rates of capacity utilization. Despite the relevance of, and often the similarity between, the neo-Marxian and neo-Ricardian critiques, it is shown that the main features of the Kaleckian growth model may still be preserved. (c) 1995 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.
Oral Glatiramer Acetate in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Clinical and Immunological Studies

Abstract: Glatiramer acetate (GA, Copaxone, copolymer 1) for injection is an approved drug for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis. The clinical and immunological effects of GA were extensively studied in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the experimental animal model for MS. The effect of oral administration of GA was tested in both rodents and primates in acute as well as in chronic relapsing (CR) models of EAE. Oral GA was found to suppress acute EAE induced in rats, mice, and rhesus monkeys. The effect of GA was also tested in several models of CR‐EAE: proteolipid protein and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induced CR‐EAE in mice, CR‐EAE in Biozzi mice, and CR‐EAE in cynomolgus monkeys. In all the murine models, oral treatment with GA initiated at the peak of first relapse reduced the severity of disease and suppressed further relapses. Suppression of EAE with oral GA was associated with marked inhibition of spleen cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine (IL‐2 and IFN‐γ) response to the respective autoantigens. GA‐specific T cell lines of the Th2/3 type that inhibit EAE induction in vivo, similarly to those induced by injection of GA, could be isolated from spleens of GA‐fed mice and rats. Furthermore, as demonstrated previously for GA‐specific cells induced by the parenteral route, the orally induced GA‐specific cells accumulate in the CNS and secrete in situ Th2 cytokines in response to both GA and MBP as well as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Although a clinical trial in MS with two doses of oral GA in enteric‐coated tablets did not show a significant effect either at the clinical or immunological level, the results presented here suggest that oral GA may still be developed into a therapeutic modality in MS.
Four d.o.f. Piezoelectric Microgripper Equipped With a Smart CMOS Camera

This letter deals with the design of a micro-eye-in-hand architecture. It consists of a smart camera embedded on a gripper. The camera is a high-speed (10 000 frames/s) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensor of 64 × 64 pixels. Each pixel measures 35 μm × 35 μm and includes a photodiode, an amplifier, two storage capacitors, and an analog arithmetic unit. The gripper consists of a 4-degree-of-freedom (y+, y-, z+, z-) microprehensile system based on piezoelectric actuators.
Development of a Tier-1 Assay for Assessing the Toxicity of Insecticidal Substances Against Coleomegilla maculata

ABSTRACT To assess the potential dietary effects of insecticidal substances on the predacious ladybird beetle, Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, a Tier-1 laboratory testing system was developed. Artificial diets using shrimp eggs were developed, and a tier-1 bioassay examining C. maculata development and survival was designed based on those diets. To further measure the artificial diet in a Tier-1 testing system, larvae of C. maculata were fed the diet treated with different concentrations of an inorganic stomach poison, potassium arsenate (PA), or a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. The results demonstrated that the testing system was capable of detecting the dietary effects of both substances on the survival and development of C. maculata. With increasing concentrations of PA in the diet, fewer larvae developed to adults, with only 22.7% larvae surviving to the adult stage in the treatment with the highest content of PA (32 µg/g of diet). Likewise, dose-dependent responses also were found for other life-table parameters of C. maculata. Similar to the assays with PA, the survival rates of C. maculata consistently decreased with increasing E-64 content in the diet. Survival analysis showed that the insects fed E-64 at 50, 150, and 450 µg/g in the diet had significantly lower survival rates compared with those on the untreated artificial diet. The study presented here describes a robust testing system that will be useful for assessing the potential hazard (or toxicity) effects after dietary exposure of insecticidal compounds produced by GE plants or conventional insecticides on the ladybird predator, C. maculata.
Period histogram and product spectrum: new methods for fundamental-frequency measurement.

The fundamental frequency of a periodic signal whose fundamental component is not available for measurement can be determined by measuring the frequencies of its higher harmonic components and computing the largest common divider of these frequencies. Similarly, the fundamental period can be determined by measuring the periods of individual harmonics and finding their smallest common multiple. Several methods of fundamental frequency and period measurement, based on these concepts, are described in this paper. The results of computer simulations and analog instrumentations indicate that these new methods. at a considerable reduction in complexity, compare favorably with, and in some cases exceed, the capabilities of cepstrum analysis.
Platelet-Mediated Lymphocyte Delivery to High Endothelial Venules

Circulating lymphocytes gain access to lymph nodes owing to their ability to initiate rolling along specialized high endothelial venules (HEVs). One mechanism of rolling involves L-selectin binding to peripheral node addressin (PNAd) on HEVs. Activated platelets are shown to bind to circulating lymphocytes and to mediate rolling in HEVs, in vivo, through another molecule, P-selectin, which also interacts with PNAd. In vitro, activated platelets enhanced tethering of lymphocytes to PNAd and sustained lymphocyte rolling, even in the absence of functional L-selectin. Thus, a platelet pathway operating through P-selectin provides a second mechanism for lymphocyte delivery to HEVs.
To nudge or not to nudge: cancer screening programmes and the limits of libertarian paternalism

‘Nudging—and the underlying idea ‘libertarian paternalism’—to an increasing degree influences policy thinking in the healthcare sector. This article discusses the influence exerted upon a woman's choice of participation in the Danish breast screening programme in light of ‘libertarian paternalism’. The basic tenet of ‘libertarian paternalism’ is outlined and the relationship between ‘libertarian paternalism’ and informed consent investigated. Key elements in the process of enrolling women into the Danish mammography screening programme are introduced. It is shown that for several reasons the influence exerted upon women's choices of participation cannot be justified within a welfare-enhancing libertarian paternalistic framework. The article suggests that screening programmes alternatively adopt a liberty-enhancing approach and considers the practical implications of this alternative.
Therapeutic vaccine for acute and chronic motor neuron diseases: Implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Therapeutic vaccination with Copaxone (glatiramer acetate, Cop-1) protects motor neurons against acute and chronic degenerative conditions. In acute degeneration after facial nerve axotomy, the number of surviving motor neurons was almost two times higher in Cop-1-vaccinated mice than in nonvaccinated mice, or in mice injected with PBS emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (P < 0.05). In mice that express the mutant human gene Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase G93A (SOD1), and therefore simulate the chronic human motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Cop-1 vaccination prolonged life span compared to untreated matched controls, from 211 ± 7 days (n = 15) to 263 ± 8 days (n = 14; P < 0.0001). Our studies show that vaccination significantly improved motor activity. In line with the experimentally based concept of protective autoimmunity, these findings suggest that Cop-1 vaccination boosts the local immune response needed to combat destructive self-compounds associated with motor neuron death. Its differential action in CNS autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, depending on the regimen used, allows its use as a therapy for either condition. Daily administration of Cop-1 is an approved treatment for multiple sclerosis. The protocol for non-autoimmune neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, remains to be established by future studies.
MRI of fat distribution in a mouse model of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency.

OBJECTIVE We assessed the use of MRI in the evaluation of abdominal fat distribution in a lysosomal acid lipase (LAL)-deficient mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS LAL-deficient mice are born with a normal fat distribution but over time deplete the fat stores in the subcutaneous and retroperitoneal tissues and accumulate fat in the liver, spleen, and bowel. Four MRI studies of LAL-deficient mice and control mice were obtained with 3-T T1-weighted spin-echo images and volume segmentation processing to create parameters for the study of fat distribution: intraabdominal adipose tissue-subcutaneous adipose tissue (IAT/SAT) ratio, liver volume, reproductive fat, and retroperitoneal fat. MRI adiposity parameters in LAL-deficient mice were compared with those in control mice. Adiposity volumes calculated on MRI were compared with those calculated at autopsy. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between LAL-deficient and control mice for IAT/SAT ratio (p=0.0336), liver volume (p=0.0336), and reproductive fat (p=0.0336), and a statistically significant trend was found for retroperitoneal fat (p=0.0514). No statistically significant difference was found between adiposity volumes calculated on MRI and adiposity volumes found at autopsy (all p >0.2). CONCLUSION Use of an in vivo model showed MRI techniques to be accurate in predicting visceral adiposity. LAL-deficient mice provided a unique model showing a pattern of adipose distribution that is markedly different from that in control mice, and MRI may provide a means of evaluating therapeutic interventions sequentially.
Sensitivity, predictive values, pretest–posttest probabilities, and likelihood ratios of presurgery clinical diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancers

Background: The precision of clinical diagnosis of skin tumors is not commonly measured and, therefore, very little is known about the diagnostic ability of clinicians. Objective: This study aimed to compare clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of nonmelanoma skin cancers with regard to sensitivity, predictive values, pretest–posttest probabilities, and likelihood ratios. Methods: Two hundred nineteen patients with 241 nonmelanoma skin cancers were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 49.4% were female and 50.6% were male. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 63.66 ± 16.44 years for the female patients and 64.77 ± 14.88 years for the male patients. The mean duration of the lesions was 20.90 ± 32.95 months. One hundred forty-eight (61.5%) of the lesions were diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 93 (38.5%) were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histopathologically. Results: Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and posttest probability were calculated as 75.96%, 87.77%, and 87.78% for BCC and 70.37%, 37.25%, and 37.20% for SCC, respectively. The correlation between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses was found to be higher in BCC. Conclusion: Knowledge of sensitivity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and posttest probabilities may have implications for the management of skin cancers. To prevent unnecessary surgeries and achieve high diagnostic accuracies, multidisciplinary approaches are recommended.
Binding Properties of Glutamate Receptors in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats

The biochemical mechanisms by which diabetes modulates cognitive function are not well established. Here, we determined the effects of streptozotocin (STZ) administration on the binding properties of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtypes of glutamate receptors in rats, using quantitative autoradiographic analysis of 3H-AMPA and [3H]glutamate binding on brain tissue sections. The STZ injection (70 mg/kg intraperitoneally) produced a reduction of 3H-AMPA binding in various brain regions, an effect that is due to a decrease in receptor affinity. The STZ-induced reduction of 3H-AMPA binding varied in different brain structures, being more pronounced in the striatum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus and almost absent in the cerebellum. Western blots performed on hippocampal membranes revealed that the decrease in 3H-AMPA binding is possibly associated with changes in immunologic properties for one glutamate receptor subunit (GluRl). Finally, the effect of STZ-induced diabetes appeared to be specific to the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors, as the same treatment did not modify [3H]glutamate binding to NMDA receptors. These changes in AMPA receptor properties may have important implications for understanding the biochemical mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in diabetes.
The Prostitution Business of Greater Mekong Subregion Women in Bangkok and the Adjacent Areas

This paper is a qualitative based research, conducting in-depth interviews with 18 subjects consisting of GMS prostitutes working in Bangkok and other relevant informants. The objectives of this research are to study characteristics of the prostitution business in Bangkok and the adjacent areas and to study dynamics of causes, motivation, and the processes of how GMS women entering the prostitution business in Bangkok. The research results show that the entertainment places secretly provide prostitution services in Bangkok and the adjacent areas run the business openly. GMS women and Thai women providing prostitution services is illegal in Thailand. GMS women travelling to Bangkok to provide the prostitution services come from Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, and Cambodia, respectively. Although the government takes strict action, the prostitution business cannot be completely eradicated. The most important problem is corruption of government officials in various areas. As for the recommendations, it is advised that there should be a study of international practices consisting of crime control models, especially elimination of corruption of government officials in various areas, legalization model, or decriminalization model in the offence of the prostitution service to study the models suitable for the current situations.
5-Fluorouracil is efficiently removed from DNA by the base excision and mismatch repair systems.

BACKGROUND & AIMS 5-Fluorouracil (FU) is one of the mainstays of colon cancer chemotherapy. Although developed as an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, its cytotoxicity has been linked also to its incorporation into RNA. Surprisingly, although FU is incorporated also into DNA, little is known about its metabolism in this nucleic acid. METHODS Using extracts of human cells and circular DNA substrates containing a single FU residue either paired with adenine or mispaired with guanine, we studied the enzymology of FU processing. RESULTS In nicked circular substrates, FU/G mispairs were efficiently repaired by mismatch repair (MMR). In covalently closed circular DNA, which is refractory to MMR, FU/G repair was initiated by either thymine-DNA glycosylase or uracil-DNA glycosylase, whereas FU/A pairs were processed by UNG. Methylated CpG binding domain 4 protein and single-strand selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1 did not detectably contribute to FU removal; however, because these recombinant enzymes process FU/G and FU/A in oligonucleotide substrates, respectively, they too may be involved in FU metabolism in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The functional redundancy of MMR and DNA glycosylases in FU processing should ensure that the drug is efficiently removed from DNA before it can interfere with essential DNA metabolic processes, such as transcription. However, in FU-treated cells, the nucleotide pools are depleted of thymine. The repair synthesis might thus be inhibited and leave cytotoxic gaps or breaks in DNA. Moreover, FU and/or 5-fluorouracil-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate removed from DNA will increase the intracellular concentration of the drug and thus exacerbate its cytotoxicity.
A Study of Social Capital's Effect on Entrepreneurship

هلئسم حرط : هكبش رد هك تسا يدنيآرف ،ينيرفآراك طـباور نـيا و هدـش عقاو يعامتجا طباور زا يا يم ديامن ليهست اي دودحم ،اهتصرف عبانم اب ار نيرفآراك هطبار دناوت . عـناوم ،زورـما نارـيا هعماج رد ،يداصتقا ،يسايس لماوع زا رظن فرص نانيرفآراك زا يگنهرف ـ يعامتجا ليلادب يتيريدم و يقوقح يم زين يعامتجا ياهدنويپ و طباور نتفرگ هديدان هلمج دشاب . يـسررب هـب رضاح شهوژپ ور نيا زا هيامرس لاكشا زا يكي ناونع هب يعامتجا هيامرس ريثات هقبط ياه رـب ،يناـهج كناب طسوت هدش يدنب اوج هعسوت و دشر لماع ناونع هب ينيرفآراك يم ،دشر لاح رد عم دزادرپ . شور : يـسررب ،ينيرفآراـك رـب نآ داعبا و يعامتجا هيامرس ريثات نازيم يسررب ،شهوژپ نيا فادها تسا هدوب ينيرفآراك و يعامتجا هيامرس رظنم زا نآ فعض و توق طاقن . زا هنومن مجح 34 تكرش هناخراك بلاق رد نانآ بلغا هك لاعف هورگرد هك طسوتم و كچوك ياه هدزاب دوز كچوك ياههاگنب يم رامش هب نيرفآراك و هدش باختنا يرامشرس شور هب دنيآ دـنا . طـسوت شهوژـپ نـيا تايـضرف تفرگ رارق ليليحت و هيزجت دروم نويسرگر و نمديرف ياهنومزآ . هتفاي اه : دـعب و هتـشاد دوـجو ينيرفآراك اب نآ داعبا و يعامتجا هيامرس نيب يرادانعم و تبثم هطبار يك هدوـب يرتشـيب تـيمها ياراد هـعلاطم دروم هعماج رد يعامتجا هيامرس تيف . زـين ينيرفآراـك رد تسا تيولوا نيرتشيب ياراد يريذپ كسير صخاش . هتفاي يم ناشن قيقحت ياه صخاـش هـك دـنهد هتشاد ينيرفآراك رب ار ريثات نيرتمك يطابترا صخاش و ريثات نيرتشيب طباور راتخاس صخاـش و دـنا تيقلاخ للاقتسا و ) ينيرفآراك زا ( صخاش زا كي جيه ريثات تحت درادن رارق يعامتجا هيامرس ياه . جياتن : يم يعامتجا هيامرس زا رثاتم يطيحم طيارش ار ينيرفآراـك هـب تـيقلاخ ليدبت تصرف دنناوت دننك رييغت شوختسد . هكبش نتشاد لـيم تاعلاطا لدابت و دامتعا ندوب لااب ،هدرتسگ طباور زا يا هـب داد دهاوخ شيازفا ار ينيرفآراك . راـك هـيحور ءاـقترا هناقلاخ كسير زا يعامتجا تيامح ندرب لااب هنيمز ،دامتعا اب لباقتم طباور و يطابترا لماوع يتكراشم ياهتيلاعف و يميت ينيرفآراـك يعامتجا ياه يم باسح هب ديآ .