Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Targeting of Cellular Metabolism in Cells with Hyperactive mTORC1: A Paradigm Shift

mTORC1 is an established master regulator of cellular metabolic homeostasis, via multiple mechanisms that include altered glucose and glutamine metabolism, and decreased autophagy. mTORC1 is hyperactive in the human disease tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. In TSC-deficient cells, metabolic wiring is extensively disrupted and rerouted as a consequence of mTORC1 hyperactivation, leading to multiple vulnerabilities, including “addiction” to glutamine, glucose, and autophagy. There is synergy between two rapidly evolving trajectories: elucidating the metabolic vulnerabilities of TSC-associated tumor cells, and the development of therapeutic agents that selectively target cancer-associated metabolic defects. The current review focuses on recent work supporting the targeting of cellular metabolic dysregulation for the treatment of tumors in TSC, with relevance to the many other human neoplasms with mTORC1 hyperactivation. These data expose a fundamental paradox in the therapeutic targeting of tumor cells with hyperactive mTORC1: inhibition of mTORC1 may not represent the optimal therapeutic strategy. Inhibiting mTORC1 “fixes” the metabolic vulnerabilities, results in a cytostatic response, and closes the door to metabolic targeting. In contrast, leaving mTORC1 active allows the metabolic vulnerabilities to be targeted with the potential for a cytocidal cellular response. The insights provided here suggest that therapeutic strategies for TSC and other tumors with activation of mTORC1 are at the verge of a major paradigm shift, in which optimal clinical responses will be accomplished by targeting mTORC1-associated metabolic vulnerabilities without inhibiting mTORC1 itself. Mol Cancer Res; 13(1); 3–8. ©2014 AACR.
Authorial subjective evaluation of non-photorealistic images

I argue in favor of a systematic subjective evaluation of non-photorealistic images. Objective measurements are hard to design, and quantitative user studies are problematic for a multiplicity of reasons. Subjective evaluations are not quantitative but are faster to conduct and offer the chance to dig into subtleties that are obscured by numerical scores. By carefully laying out the important elements of the intended image style, and then evaluating their results according to their adherence to the style, researchers can produce convincing evaluations with a manageable level of effort.
Rfid integration as an application to industrialize and qualify high-volume composite production

Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) offer great potential for lightweight construction of technical products due to their high stiffness and strength combined with their low weight. Due to their outstanding mechanical characteristics, CFRP are increasingly used for high-volume production i.e. for the automotive industry. However, the industrial application of these materials results in high costs because of a lack of adequate production systems. High-volume production requires appropriate machinery and a reduction of material cost and cycle times. In addition, capable process control systems are necessary to ensure a full traceability of the CFRP products. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an innovative technique that can help to achieve the logistic objectives and avoid non value-adding activities for the documentation of the production process. Therefore RFID should be included in composite materials. This paper presents the fabrication process of CFRP and discusses its requirements for the integration of RFID.
Slow deactivation kinetics of NMDA receptors containing NR1 and NR2D subunits in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells

1 We have examined the deactivation kinetics of native N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) containing NR1 and NR2D subunits by patch‐clamp recording from Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices from young rats. 2 NMDAR‐mediated whole‐cell currents were elicited in response to bath application of 20 μm NMDA and 50 μm glycine. The NMDAR‐mediated currents were small, with an average whole‐cell conductance of approximately 750 pS. 3 Following the rapid application of brief pulses (1–10 ms) of 1 mM glutamate to outside‐out membrane patches, we observed a low‐conductance type of single‐channel activity which lasted up to 30 s after the removal of agonist. 4 Analysis of individual channel openings revealed asymmetry of transitions between the main‐ and subconductance states – a characteristic of NR1/NR2D‐containing NMDARs. The averaged macroscopic current exhibited a decay time course which was well described by a single exponential function with a time constant of ∼3 s. 5 We conclude that native NR1/NR2D‐containing NMDARs, like their recombinant counterparts, display very slow deactivation kinetics. This feature should provide a means for identification of these receptors at synapses, and indicates that they do not contribute to the synaptic NMDAR currents so far described.
Lifetime maximization for multicasting in energy-constrained wireless networks

We consider the problem of maximizing the lifetime of a given multicast connection in a wireless network of energy-constrained (e.g., battery-operated) nodes, by choosing ideal transmission power levels for the nodes relaying the connection. We distinguish between two basic operating modes: In a static power assignment, the power levels of the nodes are set at the beginning and remain unchanged until the nodes are depleted of energy. In a dynamic power schedule, the powers can be adjusted during operation. We show that while lifetime-maximizing static power assignments can be found in polynomial time, for dynamic schedules the problem becomes NP-hard. We introduce two approximation heuristics for the dynamic case, and experimentally verify that the lifetime of a dynamically adjusted multicast connection can be made several times longer than what can be achieved by the best possible static assignment.
A Survey of Space Robotics

In this paper we summarize a survey conducted by NASA to determine the state-of-the-art in space robotics and to predict future robotic capabilities under either nominal and intensive development effort. The space robotics assessment study examined both in-space operations including assembly, inspection, and maintenance and planetary surface operations like mobility and exploration. Applications of robotic autonomy and human-robot cooperation were considered. The study group devised a decomposition of robotic capabilities and then suggested metrics to specify the technical challenges associated with each. The conclusion of this paper identifies possible areas in which investment in space robotics could lead to significant advances of important technologies.
Imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation of solid renal tumors.

OBJECTIVE We performed a retrospective review of imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation of solid renal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Since May 2000, 35 tumors in 20 patients have been treated with radiofrequency ablation. The size range of treated tumors was 0.9-3.6 cm (mean, 1.7 cm). Reasons for patient referrals were a prior partial or total nephrectomy (nine patients), a comorbidity excluding nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy (10 patients), or a treatment alterative to nephron-sparing surgery (one patient who refused surgery). Tumors were classified as exophytic, intraparenchymal, or central. Sixteen patients had 31 lesions that showed serial growth on CT or MR imaging. Of these 16 patients, four patients with 10 lesions had a history of renal cell carcinoma, and two patients with 11 lesions had a history of von Hippel-Lindau disease. Four patients had incidental solid masses, two of which were biopsied and shown to represent renal cell carcinoma, and the remaining two masses were presumed malignant on the basis of imaging features. Successful ablation was regarded as any lesion showing less than 10 H of contrast enhancement on CT or no qualitative evidence of enhancement after IV gadolinium contrast-enhanced MR imaging. RESULTS Of the 35 tumors, 22 were exophytic and 13 were intraparenchymal. Twenty-seven of the 35 were treated percutaneously using either sonography (n = 22) or CT (n = 5). Two patients had eight tumors treated intraoperatively using sonography. Patients were followed up with contrast-enhanced CT (n = 18), MR imaging (n = 5), or both (n = 5) with a follow-up range of 1-23 months (mean, 9 months). No residual or recurrent tumor and no major side effects were seen. CONCLUSION Preliminary results with radiofrequency ablation of exophytic and intraparenchymal renal tumors are promising. Radiofrequency ablation is not associated with significant side effects. Further follow-up is necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of radiofrequency ablation.
SuperContra : Cross-Language , Cross-Runtime Lightweight Contracts As a Service

Despite the potential of Design-by-Contract (DbC) for increasing the reliability and robustness of software, it has to date experienced only limited use. One reason for this, is that each DbC solution targets a single language (or language run-time) and thus employs different syntax and implementations for specifying contracts for each. Given that modern applications increasingly employ multiple components, each written in multiple programming languages, writing contracts imposes significant burden on programmers. To reduce this overhead and to encourage greater use of DbC as part of both testing and production systems, we present a new DbC framework called SuperContra that implements and enforces lightweight contracts across different programming systems, as-a-service. SuperContra is unique in that developers employ a familiar, high-level language to write contracts regardless of the programming language used to implement the component under test. Moreover, contract evaluation occurs as-a-service, as opposed to at each client, simplifying clients and facilitating multi-client contract auditing. We evaluate SuperContra using widely used, open-source software and compare its performance against existing DbC frameworks. Our results show that SuperContra performs on par with non-service-based DbC approaches and in some cases similarly to code running without contracts.
A study of abbreviations in MEDLINE abstracts

Abbreviations are widely used in writing, and the understanding of abbreviations is important for natural language processing applications. Abbreviations are not always defined in a document and they are highly ambiguous. A knowledge base that consists of abbreviations with their associated senses and a method to resolve the ambiguities are needed. In this paper, we studied the UMLS coverage, textual variants of senses, and the ambiguity of abbreviations in MEDLINE abstracts. We restricted our study to three-letter abbreviations which were defined using parenthetical expressions. When grouping similar expansions together and representing senses using groups, we found that after ignoring senses where the total number of occurrences within the corresponding group was less than 100, 82.8% of the senses matched the UMLS, covered over 93% of occurrences that were considered, and had an average of 7.74 expansions for each sense. Abbreviations are highly ambiguous: 81.2% of the abbreviations were ambiguous, and had an average of 16.6 senses. However, after ignoring senses with occurrences of less than 5, 64.6% of the abbreviations were ambiguous, and had an average of 4.91 senses.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Structure of Statistics Anxiety Measure: An examination of four alternative models

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the confirmatory factor analysis results of the Persian adaptation of Statistics Anxiety Measure (SAM), proposed by Earp. Method The validity and reliability assessments of the scale were performed on 298 college students chosen randomly from Tabriz University in Iran. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to determine the factor structures of the Persian adaptation of SAM. Results As expected, the second order model provided a better fit to the data than the three alternative models. Conclusions Hence, SAM provides an equally valid measure for use among college students. The study both expands and adds support to the existing body of math anxiety literature.
Correction to ‘The neural basis of depth perception from motion parallax’

[ Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371 , 20150256. (2016; Published online 6 June 2016). ([doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0256][2])][2] The name of the first author, HyungGoo R. Kim, was spelt incorrectly as ‘HyunGoo R. Kim’. Therefore, the author list should appear as follows: HyungGoo R. Kim, Dora E. Angelaki
Field-scale comparison of frequency- and time-domain spectral induced polarization

S U M M A R Y In this paper we present a comparison study of the time-domain (TD) and frequency-domain (FD) spectral induced polarization (IP) methods in terms of acquisition time, data quality and spectral information retrieved from inversion. We collected TDIP and FDIP surface measurements on three profiles with identical electrode setups at two different field sites with different lithology. In addition, TDIP data were collected in two boreholes using the El-Log drilling technique in which apparent formation resistivity and chargeability values are measured during drilling using electrodes integrated within the stem auger. The TD and FD data were processed and inverted with similar approaches. The IP voltage decays and complex impedance spectra were inspected quadrupole by quadrupole for outliers. In the inversion, the apparent resistivity values and the full IP decays (in TD) or the full complex impedance spectra (in FD) for all quadrupoles were inverted simultaneously in 2-D using a modified parametrization of the Cole-Cole model. Furthermore, inversions of synthetic models mimicking the field situations were performed. The comparisons reveal that TD and FD results are comparable not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively. Furthermore, the surface inversions are in agreement with the borehole results and lithology, within the resolution capability of the surface measurements. In particular, comparable spectral IP parameters were retrieved for both sites with both measurement approaches, with relaxation times between 10−2 s and 1 s, suggesting a spectral coverage at least up to 100 Hz for both TD and FD measurements. However, for the employed data acquisition procedures and instrumentations, the TD measurements had an advantage in terms of acquisition speed and usable spectral acquisition range compared to the FD measurements. We conclude that the TD method, as the FD method, is a suitable tool to recover spectral IP information in the field, provided that the measurement procedures are planned accordingly and the subsurface IP response is in the spectral range covered by the measurements.
Toward a peer-to-peer shared virtual reality

This paper envisions a shared virtual reality system that could handle millions of users and objects. The SOLIPSIS system does not rely on servers and is based on a network of peers that collaborate to build up a common virtual world. Real-time interactions and virtual co-presence are enabled by the means of emissive and receptive fields that determine how avatar kinestesia and multimedia streams are established. We describe here the overall architecture and the main algorithms that make Soupsis conceivable.
A witness-based approach for data fusion assurance in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are spread randomly over the coverage area to collect information of interest. Data fusion is used to process these collected information before they are sent to the base station, the observer of the sensor network. We study the security of the data fusion process in this work. In particular, we propose a witness-based solution to assure the validation of the data sent from data fusion nodes to the base station. We also present the theoretical analysis for the overhead associated with the mechanism, which indicates that even in an extremely harsh environment the overhead is low for the proposed mechanism.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROSTAGLANDINS ON HUMAN MYOMETRIUM IN VITRO.

The effect of different prostaglandins present in human semen--PGE1 PGE2 PGE3 PGF1x PGF2x and a crude extract of human semen HSF-PG--were investigated and compared on human myometrium in vitro. The concentration of the prostaglandins in HSF-PG was determined with a new chemical method. All the PGE-compounds inhibited the spontaneous motility of human non-pregnant myometrium in vitro. In most cases the effect of HSF-PG was similar to that obtained with the PGE-compounds. The PGE-compounds also inhibited the motility of pregnant myometrium. The stimulatory effect of the PGF-compounds tested was more pronounced on pregnant myometrium. The sensitivity of non-pregnant myometrium to the different prostaglandins and to HSF-PG was dependent on the extracellular concentration of potassium and calcium. An increased potassium concentration made the myometrium less sensitive to the PGE-compounds and to HSF-PG but enhanced the effect of the PGF-compounds. A decrease in the calcium concentration to 1/3 of the normal concentration increased the sensitivity of the myometrium to HSF-PG and to PGE1 predominantly at the ovulation time. The sensitivity of the non-pregnant myometrium to the PGE compounds and to HSF-PG in vitro varied significantly during the different phases of the menstrual cycle with the sensitivity of the myometrium most pronounced at ovulation time.
Prevalence of impaired left ventricular systolic function and heart failure in a middle aged and elderly urban population segment of Copenhagen

Objective: To assess the prevalence of impaired left ventricular systolic function and manifest heart failure in a general population aged 50–89 years. Design: In this cross sectional survey, participants filled in a heart failure questionnaire. ECG, blood tests, and echocardiography were performed. Setting: The study population was recruited from general practitioners situated in the same urban area and examined in a university hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. Participants: 764 participants (432 women and 332 men, median (SD) age 66 (11) years) participated. The study population was stratified to include a minimum of 150 persons in each age decade. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of impaired systolic function and manifest heart failure. Results: The prevalence of systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction ⩽ 40%) was more than twice as high among men (7.6%) as among women (2.6%). In the male population systolic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction ⩽ 40% and symptoms) was found in 1.8% of the 50–59 years age group and approximately doubled for each age decade to reach 13.9% in octogenarians. Among women systolic dysfunction increased from 0.8% to 4.3% in the same age groups. Asymptomatic cases accounted for 44.0% of all cases of systolic dysfunction in the male population and only 9.1% in the female population. Conclusions: In this age controlled population study impaired left ventricular systolic function and heart failure increased substantially with age and was more than twice as frequent among men as among women. Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction occurred more frequently in men than in women and was less prevalent with increasing age.
Novel resource reservation schemes for optical burst switching

We propose to improve the throughput performance of optical burst switching by using regional controller nodes and window-based reservation. Both methods increase the information available to the intermediate nodes during scheduling decisions. Simulations show that the proposed reservation schemes provide significant improvement in the throughput performance compared with the original optical burst switching when the network is heavily loaded.
A Fast Image Inpainting Algorithm Based on TV Model

Abstract—A fast image inpainting algorithm based on TV model is proposed on the basis of analysis of local characteristics, which shows the more information around damaged pixels appears, the faster the information diffuses. The algorithm first stratifies and filters the pixels around damaged region according to priority, and then iteratively inpaint the damaged pixels from outside to inside on the grounds of priority again. Experiment shows that the inpainting speed of the algorithm is faster and greater impact.
Biological functions of CDK5 and potential CDK5 targeted clinical treatments

Cyclin dependent kinases are proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinases that are traditionally activated upon association with a regulatory subunit. For most CDKs, activation by a cyclin occurs through association and phosphorylation of the CDK’s T-loop. CDK5 is unusual because it is not typically activated upon binding with a cyclin and does not require T-loop phosphorylation for activation, even though it has high amino acid sequence homology with other CDKs. While it was previously thought that CDK5 only interacted with p35 or p39 and their cleaved counterparts, Recent evidence suggests that CDK5 can interact with certain cylins, amongst other proteins, which modulate CDK5 activity levels. This review discusses recent findings of molecular interactions that regulate CDK5 activity and CDK5 associated pathways that are implicated in various diseases. Also covered herein is the growing body of evidence for CDK5 in contributing to the onset and progression of tumorigenesis.
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—The detection of island formation in power networks is prerequisite for the study of security analysis and control. We develop a combined graph-theoretic-algebraic approach to detect island formation in power system networks under multiple line outages. We construct the approach by gaining insights into the topological impacts of outaged lines on system connectivity from the use power transfer distribution factor information. We develop a one-to-one relationship between minimal cutsets and a matrix of the generalized line outage distribution factors for multiple line outages. This relationship requires computations on lower order matrices and so is able to provide rapidly essential information. The proposed approach detects the island formation and identifies the subset of outaged lines that is the causal factor. Furthermore, for cases in which the set of outaged lines does not result in system separation, the method has the ability to identify whether a set of candidate line outages separates the system. Consequently, the need for establishing nodal system connectivity is bypassed. We illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach on two large-scale networks. The proposed approach provides an effective tool for both real-time and offline environments for security analysis and control.