Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rallying Votes? A Multilevel Approach to Understanding Voter Decision-Making in the 2016 Presidential Nominating Contests

The 2016 presidential nominating process presented the American public with an interesting and tumultuous set of contests. Despite the unique nature of both the Democratic and Republican contests, the candidates stuck to the usual campaign activities to help influence voters. However, one of these campaign tactics, campaign visits, has been vastly understudied. Using a uniquely compiled dataset and a hierarchical linear model, I am able to test how campaign effects, including visits, as well as an individual’s predispositions impacted vote choice in the 2016 presidential nominating contests. The results demonstrate that the 2016 presidential nominating contests were decided based on a combination of both campaign activities and individual-level predictors.
Company responses to demands for annual report changes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how and the extent to which barriers to change inhibit new ideas about note disclosures to manifest themselves in annual reports. Design/methodology/approach The study employs regulation theory and draws on case studies in Denmark and the UK to understand compliance motivations and, on that basis, to identify the barriers to and enablers of changes to note disclosures in annual reports. Findings It is demonstrated how certain characteristics of the annual report preparation process can dampen the potential for change. It is also shown how preparer perceptions of oversight agents (auditors, enforcers, audit committees) have effects on disclosure behaviour. These characteristics appear to cause defensiveness among the actors involved in the process, inhibiting changes. In contrast, enablers are related to trust in regulatory enforcement, facilitation from enforcers, user orientation and shared understanding among functional groups involved in the preparation process. Practical implications The preparation of notes is susceptible to the influence of a range of factors, such as company politics, perceptions of enforcement styles and actors’ concerns about being blamed for inappropriate responses to regulation. These findings could be considered by regulators, auditors and preparers in enhancing understanding of their respective roles in the annual report preparation process. Originality/value This study illuminates the conditions that facilitate change when new ideas are introduced to a highly normative and detailed field. The study contributes to previous research by providing a fieldwork-based analysis of the practices, judgements, discussions and actors involved in the preparation of note disclosures.
Global Profiling in Vestibular Schwannomas Shows Critical Deregulation of MicroRNAs and Upregulation in Those Included in Chromosomal Region 14q32

Background Vestibular schwannomas are benign tumors that arise from Schwann cells in the VIII cranial pair and usually present NF2 gene mutations and/or loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22q. Deregulation has also been found in several genes, such as ERBB2 and NRG1. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs approximately 21 to 23 nucleotides in length that regulate mRNAs, usually by degradation at the post-transcriptional level. Methods We used microarray technology to test the deregulation of miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs present in GeneChip miRNA 1.0 (Affymetrix) over 16 vestibular schwannomas and 3 control-nerves, validating 10 of them by qRT-PCR. Findings Our results showed the deregulation of 174 miRNAs, including miR-10b, miR-206, miR-183 and miR-204, and the upregulation of miR-431, miR-221, miR-21 and miR-720, among others. The results also showed an aberrant expression of other non-coding RNAs. We also found a general upregulation of the miRNA cluster located at chromosome 14q32. Conclusion Our results suggest that several miRNAs are involved in tumor formation and/or maintenance and that global upregulation of the 14q32 chromosomal site contains miRNAs that may represent a therapeutic target for this neoplasm.
I-spline Smoothing for Calibrating Predictive Models

We proposed the I-spline Smoothing approach for calibrating predictive models by solving a nonlinear monotone regression problem. We took advantage of I-spline properties to obtain globally optimal solutions while keeping the computational cost low. Numerical studies based on three data sets showed the empirical evidences of I-spline Smoothing in improving calibration (i.e.,1.6x, 1.4x, and 1.4x on the three datasets compared to the average of competitors-Binning, Platt Scaling, Isotonic Regression, Monotone Spline Smoothing, Smooth Isotonic Regression) without deterioration of discrimination.
Uncoupling Proton Activation of Vanilloid Receptor TRPV1

Multimodal gating is an essential feature of many TRP ion channels, enabling them to respond to complex cellular environments. TRPV1, a pain receptor involved in nociception at the peripheral nerve terminals, can be activated by a range of physical and chemical stimuli (e.g., capsaicin, proton, and heat) and further sensitized by proinflammatory substances. How a single receptor achieves this multiplicity of functionality is poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the structural basis of proton activation of TRPV1. Chimeric channels between rTRPV1 and the low pH-insensitive homolog TRPV2 were constructed by systematically exchanging the extracellular domains and were characterized using whole-cell recording in transiently transfected HEK293 cells. Two discrete domains, one involving the pore helix and the other the S3–S4 linker, were found crucial for direct activation of the channel by low pH. Single residue mutations in either domain (T633A/V538L) abrogated the proton-evoked current while preserving the capsaicin and heat responses and their potentiation by mildly acidic pH. Both residues exert a gating effect through hydrophobic interactions. Our results unravel novel information on the structural basis of channel function, and support the existence of discrete domains for multimodal gating of the channel. In view of the resemblance of the pore of TRPV1 to KcsA, our findings also provide evidence on the pore helix as an active component in channel gating in addition to its role in ion permeation.
Sources of variation in composition of DDGS

High protein and high energy content make distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) a unique ingredient for ruminant diets, but variation in composition reduces nutritional quality and market value. There is little published information that addresses the specific causes of variation. Samples of DDGS from dry grind processing (ethanol) plants in the upper Midwest were analyzed for nutrient concentrations and sources of variation were evaluated. Significant plant × period (time) interactions indicated that variation was associated with specific fermentation batches, rather than plants or time (periods) per se. Differences in maize characteristics and in processing conditions probably were responsible for batch to batch effects. Fat content of DDGS samples was relatively uniform, but there was considerable variation in protein concentration (260–380 g/kg DM). Low lysine (8.9 g/kg DM) and elevated pepsin insoluble (bound) protein concentrations were additional concerns. Published values for ruminally undegradable protein content were as accurate as estimates using specific plant data. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
THE INFLUENCE OF REWARD, WORK PLACE ENVIRONMENT, AND CAREER GROWTH TO JOB SATISFACTION AND THEIR IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT (Study on employees of Hotel Sahid Montana Dua Malang)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menguji pengaruh reward terhadap kepuasan kerja (2) menguji pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja (3) menguji pengaruh career growth terhadap kepuasan kerja (4) menguji pengaruh reward terhadap komitmen organisasional (5) menguji pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap komitmen organisasional (6) menguji pengaruh career growth terhadap komitmen organisasional (7) menguji dampak kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen organisasional. Metode penelitian ini ialah explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 45 responden dari karyawan Hotel Sahid Montana Dua Malang. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah kuesioner. Teknik analisis data melibatkan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis jalur. Hasil analisis jalur menunjukkan bahwa reward memiliki pengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, lingkungan kerja memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, career growth memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. reward memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional, lingkungan kerja memiliki pengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional, career growth memiliki pengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional, dan kepuasan kerja memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Kata Kunci: Reward, Lingkungan Kerja, Career Growth, Kepuasan Kerja, Komitmen Organisasional ABSTRACT This research aims to: (1) examine the influence of Reward towards job satisfaction (2) examine the influence of work place environment towards job satisfaction (3) examine the influence of career growth towards job satisfaction (4) examine the influence of reward towards organizational commitment (5) examine the influence of work place environment towards organizational commitment (6) examine the influence of career growth towards organizational commitment (7) examine the impact of job satisfaction towards organizational commitment. The research method was conducted by explanatory research with quantitative approach. The sample used in this research was 45 respondents from employees of Hotel Sahid Montana Dua Malang. Data collection used in this research is questionaire method. Data analysis technique involves descriptive statistic analysis and path analysis. The result of path analysis shows that reward has insignificant influence toward job satisfaction, work place environment has significant influence toward job satisfaction, career growth has significant influence toward job satisfaction. reward has significant influence toward organizational commitment, work place environment has insignificant influence on organizational commitment, career growth has insignificant influence toward organizational commitment, and job satisfaction has significant influence toward organizational commitment. Kеywords: Reward, Work Place Environment, Career Growth, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment
Representation without Reconstruction 3

Quantitative Biology, LV:899{910, 1990. [20] T. Poggio, S. Edelman, and M. Fahle. Learning of visual modules from examples: a framework for understanding adaptive visual performance. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing: Image Understanding, 56:22{30, 1992. [21] H. Putnam. Representation and reality. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1988. [22] Z. Pylyshyn. What the mind's eye tells the mind's brain: a critique of mental imagery. Psychological Bulletin, 80:1{24, 1973. [23] E. T. Rolls. Neural organization of higher visual functions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1:274{278, 1991. [24] C. D. Salzman, K. H. Britten, and W. T. Newsome. Cortical microstimulation in uences perceptual judgements of motion direction. Nature, 346:174{177, 1990. [25] H. P. Snippe and J. J. Koenderink. Discrimination thresholds for channel-coded systems. Biological Cybernetics, 66:543{551, 1992. [26] G. R. Stoner, T. D. Albright, and V. S. Ramachandran. Transparency and coherence in human motion perception. Nature, 344:153{155, 1990. [27] K. Tanaka. Inferotemporal cortex and higher visual functions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2:502{505, 1992. [28] S. Treue and R. A. Andersen. 3-D structure from motion: rigidity and surface interpolation. Invest. Ophthalm. Vis. Sci., 31 (4):172, 1992. [29] E. K. Warrington and A. M. Taylor. The contribution of the right parietal lobe to object recognition. Cortex, 9:152{164, 1973. [30] G. Westheimer. Visual hyperacuity. Prog. Sensory Physiol. , 1:1{37, 1981. [31] M. P. Young and S. Yamane. Sparse population coding of faces in the inferotemporal cortex. Science, 256:1327{1331, 1992. [32] A. L. Yuille and N. M. Grzywacz. A computational theory for the perception of coherent visual motion. Nature, 333:71{74, 1988.
HOLA: Human-like Orthogonal Network Layout

Over the last 50 years a wide variety of automatic network layout algorithms have been developed. Some are fast heuristic techniques suitable for networks with hundreds of thousands of nodes while others are multi-stage frameworks for higher-quality layout of smaller networks. However, despite decades of research currently no algorithm produces layout of comparable quality to that of a human. We give a new “human-centred” methodology for automatic network layout algorithm design that is intended to overcome this deficiency. User studies are first used to identify the aesthetic criteria algorithms should encode, then an algorithm is developed that is informed by these criteria and finally, a follow-up study evaluates the algorithm output. We have used this new methodology to develop an automatic orthogonal network layout method, HOLA, that achieves measurably better (by user study) layout than the best available orthogonal layout algorithm and which produces layouts of comparable quality to those produced by hand.
Fasciola gigantica Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) as a Prophylactic Agent against Schistosoma mansoni Infection in CD1 Mice

Although schistosomicidal drugs and other control measures exist, the advent of an efficacious vaccine remains the most potentially powerful means for controlling this disease. In this study, native fatty acid binding protein (FABP) from Fasciola gigantica was purified from the adult worm's crude extract by saturation with ammonium sulphate followed by separation on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration using Sephacryl HR-100, respectively. CD1 mice were immunized with the purified, native F. gigantica FABP in Freund's adjuvant and challenged subcutaneously with 120 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Immunization of CD1 mice with F. gigantica FABP has induced heterologous protection against S. mansoni, evidenced by the significant reduction in mean worm burden (72.3%), liver and intestinal egg counts (81.3% and 80.8%, respectively), and hepatic granuloma counts (42%). Also, it elicited mixed IgG1/IgG2b immune responses with predominant IgG1 isotype, suggesting that native F. gigantica FABP is mediated by a mixed Th1/Th2 response. However, it failed to induce any significant differences in the oogram pattern or in the mean granuloma diameter. This indicated that native F. gigantica FABP could be a promising vaccine candidate against S. mansoni infection.
Organizational Volatility and Post-release Defects: A Replication Case Study Using Data from Google Chrome

The quality of software projects is affected by developer turnover. Mockus studied organizational volatility in the context a large switching software project at Avaya. We replicate his model of the impact of organizational volatility on post-release defects. At the time of Mockus's study, Avaya was experimenting with outsourcing and layoffs were prevalent. In contrast, we study volatility on the Chrome web-browser, which is growing rapidly in terms of popularity and team size. Where possible, we use the same factors as Mockus: the number of co-owners, the number of developers joining and leaving the organization, the number of co-changing directories, developer experience and, instead of LOCs, the churn. Our investigation is conducted at the directory instead of the file level. The control variables, including churn, number of co-owners, and expertise all conform with the consensus in the literature that more changes, more co-owners, and lower expertise lead to an increase in customer reported post-release defects. After normalizing by the highly correlated number of co-owners, the number of developers who leave and join both reduce the number of post-release defects. We discuss this unexpected result.
DSS Model for Profit Maximization at Customer Enquiry Evaluation Stage

This paper presents an optimal method and a heuristic approach which aims at maximizing the profit when responding to a set of customer enquiries under limited capacity. The model takes into consideration the quantity of available-to-promise (ATP) which measures the capability to fill customer orders, along with enquiry quantity and product price. The optimal method and the heuristic approach are tested using ATP, product price and enquiry quantity each at their different levels. From the example conducted, it is found that (1) the optimal model can help to make appropriate decision for selecting a subset of enquiries, and (2) the heuristic approach can produce a result within 5% from the optimum achieved by optimal method for most parameter settings.
Achieving big data privacy in education

Education, Big Data, and student privacy are a combustible mix. The improvement of education and the protection of student privacy are key societal values. Big Data and Learning Analytics offer the promise of unlocking insights to improving education through large-scale empirical analysis of data generated from student information and student interactions with educational technology tools. This article explores how learning technologies also create ethical tensions between privacy and the use of Big Data for educational improvement. We argue for the need to demonstrate the efficacy of learning systems while respecting privacy and how to build accountability and oversight into learning technologies. We conclude with policy recommendations to achieve these goals.
Neutrino-Nucleus Reaction Cross Sections for Light Element Synthesis in Supernova Explosions

The neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections of 4He and 12C are evaluated using new shell model Hamiltonians. Branching ratios of various decay channels are calculated to evaluate the yields of Li, Be, and B produced through the ν-process in supernova explosions. The new cross sections enhance the yields of 7Li and 11B produced during the supernova explosion of a 16.2 M☉ star model compared to the case using the conventional cross sections by about 10%. On the other hand, the yield of 10B decreases by a factor of 2. The yields of 6Li,9Be, and the radioactive nucleus 10Be are found at a level of ~10−11 M☉. The temperature of νμ ,τ- and -neutrinos inferred from the supernova contribution of 11B in Galactic chemical evolution models is constrained to the 4.3-6.5 MeV range. The increase in the 7Li and 11B yields due to neutrino oscillations is demonstrated with the new cross sections.
Detection and Molecular Characterization of 9000-Year-Old Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a Neolithic Settlement in the Eastern Mediterranean

Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the principal etiologic agent of human tuberculosis. It has no environmental reservoir and is believed to have co-evolved with its host over millennia. This is supported by skeletal evidence of the disease in early humans, and inferred from M. tuberculosis genomic analysis. Direct examination of ancient human remains for M. tuberculosis biomarkers should aid our understanding of the nature of prehistoric tuberculosis and the host/pathogen relationship. Methodology/Principal Findings We used conventional PCR to examine bone samples with typical tuberculosis lesions from a woman and infant, who were buried together in the now submerged site of Atlit-Yam in the Eastern Mediterranean, dating from 9250-8160 years ago. Rigorous precautions were taken to prevent contamination, and independent centers were used to confirm authenticity of findings. DNA from five M tuberculosis genetic loci was detected and had characteristics consistent with extant genetic lineages. High performance liquid chromatography was used as an independent method of verification and it directly detected mycolic acid lipid biomarkers, specific for the M. tuberculosis complex. Conclusions/Significance Human tuberculosis was confirmed by morphological and molecular methods in a population living in one of the first villages with evidence of agriculture and animal domestication. The widespread use of animals was not a source of infection but may have supported a denser human population that facilitated transmission of the tubercle bacillus. The similarity of the M. tuberculosis genetic signature with those of today gives support to the theory of a long-term co-existence of host and pathogen.
A Grid Computing-Based Approach for the Acceleration of Simulations in Cardiology

This paper combines high-performance computing and grid computing technologies to accelerate multiple executions of a biomedical application that simulates the action potential propagation on cardiac tissues. First, a parallelization strategy was employed to accelerate the execution of simulations on a cluster of personal computers (PCs). Then, grid computing was employed to concurrently perform the multiple simulations that compose the cardiac case studies on the resources of a grid deployment, by means of a service-oriented approach. This way, biomedical experts are provided with a gateway to easily access a grid infrastructure for the execution of these research studies. Emphasis is stressed on the methodology employed. In order to assess the benefits of the grid, a cardiac case study, which analyzes the effects of premature stimulation on reentry generation during myocardial ischemia, has been carried out. The collaborative usage of a distributed computing infrastructure has reduced the time required for the execution of cardiac case studies, which allows, for example, to take more accurate decisions when evaluating the effects of new antiarrhythmic drugs on the electrical activity of the heart.
Optimal power allocation for channel estimation in MIMO-OFCDM systems

This paper investigates the power allocation in orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) systems with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) multiplexing (MIMO-OFCDM). Since time-multiplexed pilot channels are employed for channel estimation, the total transmission power should be properly assigned to the pilot and data channels to achieve the best performance. By minimizing the mean square error (MSE) during signal detection, a closed form expression is derived for the optimal power ratio between the pilot and data channels. It is shown that the optimal power ratio is mainly decided by the number of transmit antennas and the number of pilot and data symbols in a packet, while it is not sensitive to other system parameters like signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the frequency domain spreading factor. Simulations demonstrate the accuracy of the derived optimal power ratio.
Towards a Knowledge Base for Performance Data: A Formal Model for Performance Comparison

This paper has been motivated by two observations. First, empirical comparison of algorithms is often carried out in an ad hoc manner. Second, performance data is abundantly generated, yet often not efficiently used. This second observation is particularly valid in the presence of evolutionary computing and other metaheuristic techniques. Inspired by these observations, a formal model for performance is introduced wherein the space of possible performances is modelled as a total order. On top of the total order, a quantification of the difference between performances is defined. The model is illustrated by formally defining the "penalised runtime" criterion for data from the 2014 SAT competition. Finally, the idea of defining questions in terms of a formal performance model is introduced, thereby taking the first step towards a knowledge base for performance data. Regardless of problem domain, the same questions can be answered by the knowledge base, provided performance is measured in a manner compliant with the formal model.