Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Santé mentale des sans-abri. Revue critique de la littérature anglo-saxonne

Because the visibility of homeless persons congregating in urban areas has increased since the 1980's, the relationship between homelessness and mental illness has caused more and more concern. A multitude of epidemiological surveys have been organized in Great Britain, Australia, Canada, and mainly in United States, and have attempted to evaluate scientifically the psychiatric morbidity of this population. This literature review reveals disparity of epidemiological methods in assessing the type and extent of mental illness among homeless adults. The lack of consensual definition of homelessness, the choice of different settings in which the research is organized (street, health centres, shelters), and the use of diverse instruments of psychiatric evaluation (diagnosis by clinician, by scale or by structured diagnostic interview) lead to a great disparity of the results. Thus, 1/3 of the homeless adults had prior history of psychiatric hospitalisation. Rates of psychosis range to 70% and it is estimated that 4% to 74% of the homeless persons suffer from affective disorders. Substance abuse disorder remains a problem for a significant number of these individuals, with a high frequency of dual diagnosis. Such divergent data highlight the anglo-saxon debate between those who accuse desinstitutionnalisation as a reason of homelessness, and those who blame the socioeconomic background.
Simulation of a trading multi-agent system

In a trading scenario agents interact with each other, selling and buying resources. In order to control the behavior of the trading scenario, the interactions must be coordinated. We present a brief discussion of communication types and coordination models applicable in multi-agent systems. We find a programmable tuple space more appropriate to manage and rule the interactions between the trading agents. We discuss the advantages of a trading agent model that deals with the trading strategy, concentrating on what to buy or sell. This relieves the agent from the task of coordinating the negotiations and their revoking or acceptances. This is the task of the programmable tuple space.
Management Principles A Contemporary Edition For Africa

Thank you very much for reading management principles a contemporary edition for africa. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this management principles a contemporary edition for africa, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their computer.
The Observational Mass Function of Nearby Galaxy Clusters

We present a new determination of the mass function of galaxy clusters, based on optical virial mass estimates for a large sample of 152 nearby (z ≤ 0.15) Abell-ACO clusters, as provided by Girardi et al. This sample includes both data from the literature and the new ENACS data. The resulting mass function is reliably estimated for masses larger than Mlim ≃ 4 × 1014 h-1 M☉, while it is affected by sample incompleteness at smaller masses. We find N(>Mlim) = (6.3 ± 1.2) × 10-6 (h-1 Mpc)-3 for cluster masses estimated within a 1.5 h-1 Mpc radius. Our mass function is intermediate between the two previous estimates of Bahcall & Cen and Biviano et al. Based on the Press-Schechter (PS) approach, we use this mass function to constrain the amplitude of the fluctuation power spectrum at the cluster scale. After suitably convolving the PS predictions with observational errors on cluster masses and COBE-normalizing the fluctuation power spectrum, we find σ8=(0.60±0.04)Ω 0−0.46 + 0. 09Ω0 for flat low-density models and σ8=(0.60±0.04)Ω 0−0.48 + 0. 17Ω0 for open models (at the 90% confidence level).
Segregated Pathways Carrying Frontally Derived Top-Down Signals to Visual Areas MT and V4 in Macaques

The bottom-up processing of visual information is strongly influenced by top-down signals, at least part of which is thought to be conveyed from the frontal cortex through the frontal eye field (FEF) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP). Here we investigated the architecture of multisynaptic pathways from the frontal cortex to the middle temporal area (MT) of the dorsal visual stream and visual area 4 (V4) of the ventral visual stream in macaques. In the first series of experiments, the retrograde trans-synaptic tracer, rabies virus, was injected into MT or V4. Three days after rabies injections, the second-order (disynaptically connected) neuron labeling appeared in the ventral part of area 46 (area 46v), along with the first-order (monosynaptically connected) neuron labeling in FEF and LIP. In the MT-injection case, second-order neurons were also observed in the supplementary eye field (SEF). In the next series of experiments, double injections of two fluorescent dyes, fast blue and diamidino yellow, were made into MT and V4 to examine whether the frontal inputs are mediated by distinct or common neuronal populations. Virtually no double-labeled neurons were observed in FEF or LIP, indicating that separate neuronal populations mediate the frontal inputs to MT and V4. The present results define that the multisynaptic frontal input to V4 arises primarily from area 46v, whereas the input to MT arises from not only area 46v but also SEF, through distinct FEF and LIP neurons. Segregated pathways from the frontal cortex possibly carry the functionally diverse top-down signals to each visual stream.
Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children from the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort Study

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may affect body mass index (BMI) and other components of cardiometabolic (CM) risk during childhood, but evidence is scarce and inconsistent. Objectives: We estimated associations between prenatal PFAS exposures and outcomes relevant to cardiometabolic risk, including a composite CM-risk score. Methods: We measured perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in maternal plasma (first trimester). We assessed weight gain from birth until 6 mo. At 4 and 7 y, we calculated the age- and sex-specific z-scores for BMI, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP) (n≈1,000). At age 4, we calculated the age-, sex-, and region-specific z-scores for cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), high-density (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (n=627). At age 4, we calculated a CM-risk score (n=386) as the sum of the individual age-, sex-, and region-specific z-scores for WC, BP, HDL-C, and TGs. We used the average between the negative of HDL-C z-score and TGs z-score to give similar weight to lipids and the other components in the score. A higher score indicates a higher cardiometabolic risk at age 4. Results: PFOS and PFOA were the most abundant PFAS (geometric mean: 5.80 and 2.32 ng/mL, respectively). In general, prenatal PFAS concentrations were not associated with individual outcomes or the combined CM-risk score. Exceptions were positive associations between prenatal PFHxS and TGs z-score [for a doubling of exposure, β=0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.21], and between PFNA and the CM-risk score (β=0.60; 95% CI: 0.04, 1.16). There was not clear or consistent evidence of modification by sex. Conclusions: We observed little or no evidence of associations between low prenatal PFAS exposures and outcomes related to cardiometabolic risk in a cohort of Spanish children followed from birth until 7 y. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1330
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ambrosia artemisiifolia

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Common ragweed) that are relevant to understanding its ecology. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, and history, conservation, impacts and management. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a monoecious, wind‐pollinated, annual herb native to North America whose height varies from 10 cm to 2.5 m, according to environmental conditions. It has erect, branched stems and pinnately lobed leaves. Spike‐like racemes of male capitula composed of staminate (male) florets terminate the stems, while cyme‐like clusters of pistillate (female) florets are arranged in groups in the axils of main and lateral stem leaves. Seeds require prolonged chilling to break dormancy. Following seedling emergence in spring, the rate of vegetative growth depends on temperature, but development occurs over a wide thermal range. In temperate European climates, male and female flowers are produced from summer to early autumn (July to October). Ambrosia artemisiifolia is sensitive to freezing. Late spring frosts kill seedlings and the first autumn frosts terminate the growing season. It has a preference for dry soils of intermediate to rich nutrient level. Ambrosia artemisiifolia was introduced into Europe with seed imports from North America in the 19th century. Since World War II, it has become widespread in temperate regions of Europe and is now abundant in open, disturbed habitats as a ruderal and agricultural weed. Recently, the North American ragweed leaf beetle (Ophraella communa) has been detected in southern Switzerland and northern Italy. This species appears to have the capacity to substantially reduce growth and seed production of A. artemisiifolia. In heavily infested regions of Europe, A. artemisiifolia causes substantial crop‐yield losses and its copious, highly allergenic pollen creates considerable public health problems. There is a consensus among models that climate change will allow its northward and uphill spread in Europe.
Identifying and battling temptation.

Guilford 2 Despite knowing well that " you can't have your cake and eat it too, " people still want many conflicting things at once. That is, people want to fulfill short-term desires and they want to do so without obstructing their long-term interests. Thus, weight watchers wish to eat many delicious cakes and they also wish not to look like they have eaten many delicious cakes. Similarly, professionals wish for early leave on Friday afternoon, and they also wish for early promotions at year-end reviews. And feuding partners want to maintain their innocence in every battle, and they also want to maintain their relationship through every battle. In a world where people want to have it both ways – to enjoy the moment and to prosper in the long run – how do they protect long-term interests from the allure of short-term desires? An individual faces a self-control dilemma whenever the attainment of an alluring desire or temptation would conflict with more important, longer-term goals pervasiveness of self-control dilemmas, identifying that a situation poses one can be surprisingly difficult. Thus, when people choose to pursue short-term desires, it is not always as a result of bad judgment defeating good judgment in the archetypal battle. In many cases, people choose the tempting option because they do not realize it will hurt them in the long run. For example, the professional may leave work early because she does not consider that leaving early on a single Friday afternoon will put her promotion at risk, just as the smoker may light up without considering that a single cigarette poses a health risk. It is only when one has identified a potential conflict that resolution in favor of higher-order goals hinges on effective employment of self-control strategies. This article reviews our research on identifying and counteracting temptations. First, it is useful to define temptations versus goals. We define these conflicting motivations within a given 3 context and with respect to each other 2009). A stimulus can only represent a temptation with respect to another, higher-order goal, which the individual believes is more important. According to this definition, temptations do not have specific content. Rather, any personal motivation can potentially constitute an interfering temptation with respect to a higher-level goal, or it can constitute an overriding goal with respect to a lower-level temptation. For example, " making friends " may be perceived as a …
Explaining the Employability Gap of Short-Term and Long-Term Unemployed Persons

This paper analyzes the determinants of employability differences between short-term and long-term unemployed persons. Knowing these differences could help to address active labor market policy programs more adequately to the needs of the job-seekers in order to increase employment integration. Based on merged survey and register data differences in job finding chances of these groups are decomposed into a part due to differences in attributes and a part due to differences in valuing the attributes. The estimates clarify that current active labor market programs do not address important factors of employment. Particularly, health of the job seekers, limitations in the working ability and obstacles to employment comprising substance abuse, financial debts or care obligations for children or frail elderly play a significant role for successful placement. The conclusion is that policy makers should integrate these aspects in the placement process.
ivisX: An Integrated Video Investigation Suite for Forensic Applications

Video data from surveillance cameras are nowadays an important instrument for investigating crimes and identifying the identity of an offender. The analysis of the mass data acquired from numerous cameras poses enormous challenges to police investigation authorities. Supporting softwares and video management tools currently on the market focus either on elaborate visualization and editing of video data, specific image processing or video content analysis tasks. As a result, such a scattered system landscape further exacerbates the complexity and difficulty of a timely analysis of the available data. This work presents our unified framework ivisX, which is an integrated suite to simplify the entire workflow of video data investigation. The algorithmic backbone of ivisX is built upon an effective content-based search algorithm using region covariance for low-resolution (LR) data and a novel 3D face super-resolution (FSR) approach, which can generate high-resolution (HR) 3D face models to render high-quality facial composites with a single blurred and pixelated face image of the LR domain. Moreover, ivisX has a modular design, which allows for flexible incorporation of various extensions ranging from processing and display of video data from multiple cameras to analysis and documentation of the results into a powerful integrated toolkit to assist forensic investigation.
Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Natural Leishmania Populations Vary with Genetic Background

The evolution of drug-resistance in pathogens is a major global health threat. Elucidating the molecular basis of pathogen drug-resistance has been the focus of many studies but rarely is it known whether a drug-resistance mechanism identified is universal for the studied pathogen; it has seldom been clarified whether drug-resistance mechanisms vary with the pathogen's genotype. Nevertheless this is of critical importance in gaining an understanding of the complexity of this global threat and in underpinning epidemiological surveillance of pathogen drug resistance in the field. This study aimed to assess the molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity that emerges in natural parasite populations under drug treatment pressure. We studied lines of the protozoan parasite Leishmania (L.) donovani with differential susceptibility to antimonial drugs; the lines being derived from clinical isolates belonging to two distinct genetic populations that circulate in the leishmaniasis endemic region of Nepal. Parasite pathways known to be affected by antimonial drugs were characterised on five experimental levels in the lines of the two populations. Characterisation of DNA sequence, gene expression, protein expression and thiol levels revealed a number of molecular features that mark antimonial-resistant parasites in only one of the two populations studied. A final series of in vitro stress phenotyping experiments confirmed this heterogeneity amongst drug-resistant parasites from the two populations. These data provide evidence that the molecular changes associated with antimonial-resistance in natural Leishmania populations depend on the genetic background of the Leishmania population, which has resulted in a divergent set of resistance markers in the Leishmania populations. This heterogeneity of parasite adaptations provides severe challenges for the control of drug resistance in the field and the design of molecular surveillance tools for widespread applicability.
( c ) JA PI T A Quantitative Approach to Web Usability and Interface Design

Current usability testing involves the collection of data that often lacks objectivity and seldom adheres to rigorous standards of quantitative research. Because such studies are characterized by subjective opinions of raters using Likert scales, they are often snared by many problems, not the least of which is rater reliability. This contribution presents a technological method for testing user-interface componentry and real-time data collection. In addition to presenting the inquiry framework, this presentation will also provide an applied example that used the framework to implement a usability experiment.
Erratum. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Patients With and Without Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32:2300–2306

In the article cited above, Fig. 2 should have shown the pooled relative risks and 95% CI for the effect of aspirin versus control on death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke, respectively, stratified by diabetes status of the trial participants. The published version of the manuscript incorrectly labeled the …
Data Mining in Hospital Information System

Data mining aims at discovering novel, interesting and useful knowledge from databases. Conventionally, the data is analyzed manually. Many hidden and potentially useful relationships may not be recognized by the analyst. Nowadays, many organizations including modern hospitals are capable of generating and collecting a huge amount of data. This explosive growth of data requires an automated way to extract useful knowledge. Thus, medical domain is a major area for applying data mining. Through data mining, we can extract interesting knowledge and regularities. The discovered knowledge can then be applied in the corresponding field to increase the working efficiency and improve the quality of decision making. This chapter introduces the applications of data mining in HIS (Hospital Information System). It will be presented in three aspects: data mining fundamentals (part 1 and part 2), tools for knowledge discovery (part 3 and part 4), and advanced data mining techniques (part 5 and part 6). In order to help readers understand more intuitively and intensively, some case studies will be given in advanced data mining techniques.
SeCtion 14 renal Disease anD Dysfunction CHAPTER 132 Acute Renal injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the critical care physician. The term, AKI, describes a syndrome characterized by a rapid decrease— that is, hours to days—in the kidney’s ability to eliminate metabolic waste and maintain volume homeostasis. Such loss of function is clinically manifested by the accumulation of end products of nitrogen metabolism such as urea and creatinine. Other typical clinical manifestations include decreased urine output (although this is not always present), accumulation of nonvolatile acids, an increased concentration of potassium and phosphate, and extravascular fluid accumulation.
Measuring proteins and voids in proteins

Common geometric models for proteins and other molecules are the space filling diagram, the solvent accessible surface, and the molecular surface. We describe software that computes metric properties of these models, including volume and surface area. It also measures voids or empty space enclosed by the protein, and it keeps track of surface area contributions of individual atoms. The software is based on 3-dimensional alpha complexes and on inclusion-exclusion formulas with terms derived from the simplices in this complex. <<ETX>>
The relationship between of ACE I/D and the MTHFR C677T polymorphisms in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population of Brazilian obese patients

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the frequencies of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphisms in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subjects and methods These polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in 125 patients with obesity, 47 (T2DM) and 78 (Control Group). Results No significant difference was found on comparing the T2DM and Control Groups in respect to the genotypic frequencies of the polymorphisms - (II: 13.3% vs. 12.0%; ID: 37.8% vs. 37.3; DD: 48.9% vs. 50.7%; CC: 36.2% vs. 39.0%; CT: 46.8% vs. 49.3%; TT: 17.0% vs. 11.7%), and alleles (I: 32.2% vs. 30.7%; D: 67.8% vs. 69.3%; C: 59.6% vs. 63.6%; T: 40.4% vs. 36.4%) and their synergisms in the pathophysiology of T2DM. On analyzing the T2DM Group, there were no significant differences in the presence of complications. In this population of Brazilian obese patients, no correlation was found between the ACE and MTHFR polymorphisms in the development of T2DM. Conclusion Analyzing only the group with diabetes, there was also no relationship between these polymorphisms and comorbidities.
Self-organizing mountain method for clustering

A self-organizing mountain method (SOMM) is presented. SOMM incorporates the Possibilistic C-Means (PCM) technique and the concept of the mountain method to perform clustering. By self-organizing we mean that parameters are data-driven, the terrain of each cluster (or mountain) is estimated, the precise center of each cluster and the terminating condition are determined by the input nature. In addition, SOMM is robust even when a large number of outliers/noises is presented. The simulation results show that the robust clustering can be obtained for various Gaussian clusters and uniform clusters, respectively.
Therapy With Immigrant Muslim Couples: Applying Culturally Appropriate Interventions and Strategies

Despite the steady increase of Muslims in America, there is a scarcity of research for mental health professionals who wish to work with Muslim couples. The goal of this article is to provide mental health therapists the common features of Muslim marriages and how they are influenced by the religious and social context, with clinical implications for couples therapy interventions being discussed.