Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lobbying, Innovation and Protectionist Cycles

This paper explains why trade liberalizations occur in developing countries, and why they are often reversed. It does so by focusing on the use of lobbying for protection by import competing firms as a means to postpone costly product quality upgrades to keep up with foreign competitors. Given the availability of a political market for import tariffs, domestic firms will lobby for a sequence of tariffs that insulate domestic profits from a widening quality gap, thereby allowing adjustment to be postponed. But as the contributions required by the government grow with the size of the quality gap, it will be optimal to adjust quality and to decrease the lobbying effort at some time, leading to liberalization and technological catch-up. But then the equilibrium tariff will again be small and "cheap", and it will pay to start lobbying anew, until the next quality adjustment. Therefore, cycles in protection will occur as a result of the use of lobbying as a substitute for innovation. The model thus sheds new light on the impact of the costs of protection on the effectiveness of the lobbying effort over time, and on their implications for the timing and the time horizon of trade reforms in developing countries.
THE CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: Hemodynamic Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease: What are the Effects of Intervention?

Left ventricular (LV) volume and pressure overload occur frequently in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia is a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and dilatation, heart failure, and death. Normalization of hemoglobin with erythropoietin may prevent LVH and dilatation in CKD, but in patients in later phases of their cardiac disease, this intervention is not of benefit. Increased vascular volume causes hypertension, which in turn causes LVH, cardiac failure, and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Manifestations of arteriosclerosis are associated with adverse cardiac outcomes, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may improve LVH and markers of arteriosclerosis. Aortic stenosis in dialysis patients occurs infrequently, but may deteriorate rapidly. The hemodialysis milieu is the quintessential model of LV overload cardiomyopathy.
Knowledge in the region: Development based on tradition, culture and change

Abstract Regional development is characterized by different types of knowledge from science, tradition, culture, industrial application, etc. Some of this knowledge is from the individual region, some is brought into the region and others need to be built up to provide a new knowledge base. Socio-economic development refers to such sources and takes advantage of the different regional societies' orientations in constantly modernizing these competences. Since enterprises can make economic use of knowledge only when it is marketable, some sources of, for example, traditional knowledge need to be continued for future use. This is of public interest and demands particular policy design addressed to both knowledge keepers and users.
The party politics of economic reform: Public opinion, party positions and partisan cleavages

This article focuses on the capacity of parties to cultivate public opinion to accept welfare state reform. ‘Preference shaping’, it is argued, depends on the intensity of party ‘messages’, which will be at their strongest where there are sharply defined partisan cleavages in opinion. The aversion of German public opinion to economic reform can thus be explained by the reluctance of the parties (particularly the CDU/CSU) to articulate emphatic reform messages. This is attributable to the weakness of partisan cleavages on socio-economic issues. The linkage between public opinion, party position and partisan cleavages is tested by comparison with three countries – Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands – that have faced similar problems of economic reform to those now confronting Germany.
Liquidity Constraints and Business Cycles in Developing Economies

Open economy extensions of real business cycle models, even if generally successful, have met some difficulties replicating a few important stylized facts. In particular these models tend to predict excessive consumption smoothing and consumption correlation across countries. The observed negative correlation between the trade balance and output in developing countries, the variability of the trade balance and its correlation with the terms of trade have also proven difficult to reproduce. The paper considers how introduction of incomplete markets in the form of liquidity constraints can alleviate these problems. This analysis suggests that adding liquidity constraints helps predict the variability of consumption relative to output. It also improves our estimate of the correlation between the trade balance and output. The model correctly replicates the small positive correlation between the terms of trade and the trade balance. However, it slightly underpredicts the variability of the trade balance when fifty percent of the consumers are assumed to be liquidity constrained. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Quantifying the contribution of long-range transport to particulate matter (PM) mass loadings at a suburban site in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plain (NW-IGP)

Abstract. Many sites in the densely populated Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) frequently exceed the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) of 100 μg m−3 for 24 h average PM10 and 60 μg m−3 for 24 h average PM2.5 mass loadings, exposing residents to hazardous levels of particulate matter (PM) throughout the year. We quantify the contribution of long-range transport to elevated PM levels and the number of exceedance events through a back-trajectory climatology analysis of air masses arriving at the IISER Mohali Atmospheric Chemistry facility (30.667° N, 76.729° E; 310 m a.m.s.l.) for the period August 2011–June 2013. Air masses arriving at the receptor site were classified into six clusters, which represent synoptic-scale air-mass transport patterns. Long-range transport from the west leads to significant enhancements in the average fine- and coarse-mode PM mass loadings during all seasons. The contribution of long-range transport from the west and south-west (source regions: Arabia, Thar Desert, Middle East and Afghanistan) to coarse-mode PM varied between 9 and 57 % of the total PM10–2.5 mass. Local pollution episodes (wind speed South-easterly air masses (source region: eastern IGP) were associated with significantly lower fine- and coarse-mode PM mass loadings during all seasons. The fraction of days in each season during which the PM mass loadings exceeded the national ambient air quality standard was controlled by long-range transport to a much lesser degree. For the local cluster, which represents regional air masses (source region: NW-IGP), the fraction of days during which the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) of 60 μg m−3 for 24 h average PM2.5 was exceeded varied between 36 % of the days associated with this synoptic-scale transport during the monsoon, and 95 % during post-monsoon and winter seasons; the fraction of days during which the NAAQS of 100 μg m−3 for the 24 h average PM10 was exceeded, varied between 48 % during the monsoon and 98 % during the post-monsoon season. Long-range transport was responsible for both, bringing air masses with a significantly lower fraction of exceedance days from the eastern IGP and air masses with a moderate increase in the fraction of exceedance days from the west (source regions: Arabia, Thar Desert, Middle East and Afghanistan). In order to bring PM mass loadings into compliance with the NAAQS and to reduce the number of exceedance days, mitigation of regional combustion sources in the NW-IGP needs to be given highest priority.
Three French Socialist Economists: Leroux, Proudhon, Walras

Are Pierre Leroux, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Leon Walras economists? Certainly, but to a different extent. This alphabetical order, which is also that of chronology, seems to be in inverse order of merit—at least in the opinion of Joseph A. Schumpeter, who praised Walras as “the greatest of all economists…as far as pure theory is concerned” (1954, p. 827), but who briefly described Proudhon as someone who defended “results that are no doubt absurd” (ibid., p. 457). Leroux's name does not even appear in Schumpeter's 1954 book, nor in any other history of economic thought. Although the judgment pronounced by a historian on one or another of our three authors may be contested, there seems no reason to call into question the hierarchy implicitly established by Schumpeter. In a certain way the succession: Leroux, Proudhon, Walras, represents and summarizes the development of political economy, beginning with the embryonic stage (which would be represented by Leroux), passing through the disorders of adolescence (Proudhon), and finally arriving at the stage of scientific maturity (Walras).
Food and Energy Prices in Core Inflation

Many central bankers have made monetary policy decisions by focusing on core inflation data that exclude food and energy prices from overall inflation. In this paper, estimation results from multivariate GARCH models show that food prices not only help forecast future core inflation, but their conditional variance also affects the conditional variance of core inflation. Energy prices, on the other hand, affect core inflation primarily through the GARCH-in-mean effect. To the extent that food and energy prices affect the underlying trend and volatility of overall inflation, policymakers should not ignore these components in their assessment of future inflation risk.
The Day Trader: Some Additional Evidence

The question of stock market efficiency has received considerable play in the financial press in recent years and understandably so. Not only is this a topic of interest to national policymakers charged with monitoring and promoting market efficiency, but answers to this question have rather important implications for the management of market participants' portfolios. Our interest in this subject focuses on a subsegment of the larger question of market efficiency, in particular on so-called technical theories of stock market behavior.
The J-Curve and Short-Run Exchange-Rate Dynamics

Levin (1983) has argued that the J-Curve' conjunctions with imperfect asset substitutability and rational expectations necessarily results in overshooting of the exchange rate in response to a real disturbance. We argue here that Levin has excluded three important considerations from his analysis: (i) the response of income and the interest rate to trade balance variations, (ii) the effect of exchange rate changes on the domestic price level, and (iii) the ‘valuation effect’ of exchange rate changes on domestic holdings of the foreign asset. We demonstrate that consideration (i) cannot, and considerations (ii) abd (iii) can, produce exchange rate undershooting, and we also explore the effect of various parameter configurations on the overall trajectory of the exchange rate. [431]
Can E‐Marketplaces Bridge the Digital Divide? An Analysis of Two Western Australian Cases

In Australia, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), particularly rural SMEs, are perceived as being on the wrong side of the digital divide. Government at local and state levels has taken a leading role in the development of electronic marketplaces with an aim of improving SME participation. Many government departments now either own or sponsor electronic marketplaces. The aims of government agencies in creating e‐marketplaces are often motivated by regional economic development issues. Whilst government entities may think e‐marketplaces are an effective channel for implementing government policy, a number of complications can arise from this model. Despite the community development motivation, a major argument for e‐marketplace development being put forward is the economic one and this has contributed to a narrow view of the e‐marketplace concept and one, which for the time being at least, is likely to restrict its impact. Government sponsored e‐marketplaces should consider the value of on‐line business networks to share knowledge and potentially increase levels of innovation. The findings have implications for government sponsored e‐marketplace initiatives around the world.
THE POLICY TERMINATION PROCESS

The purposes of this article are twofold. First, from a review of the extant literature on termination of policies, programs, and organizations, we identify the "crucial variables" that are believed to affect termination. In doing so, we develop a descriptive model of program termination. Then, we utilize this model as a hueristic device to examine the termination of federal revenue-sharing programs in 1986. After reviewing the available literature on this topic and analyzing the case of revenue-sharing, the article concludes that program termination is affected by three categories of variables: 1) inherent characteristics of the program in question; 2) the political environment within which termination takes place; and 3) Copyright 1999 by The Policy Studies Organization.
Novel current-loop feed-forward compensation for boost PFC converter

This paper presents a digital controller for boost power factor correction (PFC) converter. The digital controller features an optimal digital current compensator and a novel current-loop feed-forward (CFF) compensation. The CFF compensation can improve power factor without increasing the current-loop gain and bandwidth. Experiment results are shown to validate the design approach.
Part 11: Neonatal resuscitation: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations.

2010;126;e1319-e1344; originally published online Oct 18, 2010; Pediatrics COLLABORATORS CHAPTER Sithembiso Velaphi and on behalf of the NEONATAL RESUSCITATION Sam Richmond, Wendy M. Simon, Nalini Singhal, Edgardo Szyld, Masanori Tamura, Chameides, Jay P. Goldsmith, Ruth Guinsburg, Mary Fran Hazinski, Colin Morley, Jeffrey M. Perlman, Jonathan Wyllie, John Kattwinkel, Dianne L. Atkins, Leon Recommendations Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Neonatal Resuscitation: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary http://www.pediatrics. org/cgi/content/full/126/5/e1319 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0031-4005. Online ISSN: 1098-4275. Grove Village, Illinois, 60007. Copyright © 2010 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All and trademarked by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk publication, it has been published continuously since 1948. PEDIATRICS is owned, published, PEDIATRICS is the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A monthly
Phases in the drinking history of alcoholics. Analysis of a survey conducted by the official organ of Alcoholics Anonymous (Memoirs of the Section of Studies on Alcohol)

The study of the genesis of alcoholism seeks, as a rule, such landmarks in the personality development as may indicate the problem which the individual attempts to solve by means of intoxication. There may or may not be a further attempt to understand why the alcoholic man or woman chooses this particular solution instead of some other means. Supplementarily there is usually a search for environmental elements which presumptively foster such artificial adjustments as habitual inebriety.Thus etiological research on what is commonly called alcohol addiction but less pretentiously may be designated as habitual inebriety† concerns itself primarily with psychodynamics leading up to—and social factors which may precipitate—gross inebriety. The weight is nearly all on the prealcoholic phase of alcoholism. The drinking career receives little attention in such studies. Phases of inebriety, forms of drinking, changes in the drinking pattern and even changes other than drinking habits occurring in the course of ineb.
Cable consolidation and deployment of advanced broadband service

Purpose – The primary purpose of this study is to examine the implications of consolidation in the US cable industry in terms of deployment of advanced broadband services in local markets.Design/methodology/approach – This study estimates a cable operator's deployment of advanced broadband services using a binary probit model of profits from advance broadband services.Findings – This study finds that larger and more powerful multiple system operators are limited in the transfer of efficiency deployment of advanced broadband services in local markets; therefore, the implications of the efficiency of horizontal integration do not have significant meaning.Originality/value – Previous literature examined the relationship between horizontal integration, rates and the quality of traditional video services. By examining the relationship between horizontal integration and deployment of advanced cable services in local markets and making a policy suggestion for further consolidations in the US cable industry, this.
Technical Note -A Note on the Fleet Design Problem

ABSTRACT Recently. Jones and Zydiak examined the problem of determining the optimal steady state fleet design. They designed an optimality criterion of minimizing annual equivalent cost per vehicle, claiming that the traditional optimality criterion, minimizing net present value of costs, leads to paradoxical results, as shown by an example. However, this paper shows that the paradox is actually a result of an unjust comparison.
[The protective effects of tenuigenin on the PC12 cells injury induced by H2O2].

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of tenuigenin (TEN) on the PC12 cells injury induced by H2O2. METHODS Oxidative damage PC12 cells model was induced by H2O2. The survival rate of the cells was determined by MTT method. The content of LDH was determined by ultraviolet spectrophometry and the content of MDA and SOD activity was measured respectively by thiobarbituric acid and xanthine oxidese method. RESULTS tenuigenin could reduce obviously cells injury induced by H2O2. 10 mg L(-1) tenuigenin could improve the cells survival rate, reduce LDH releasing and MDA content, increase SOD activity. CONCLUSION tenuigenin have significantly potective effect on the PC12 cells injury induced by H2O2.
Knowledge Networks and Careers: Academic Scientists in Industry-University Links

Careers are central to our understanding of the knowledge creation dynamics of network organizations. Based on the example of R&D project collaboration between firms and universities, this paper examines the emerging forms of career models that support knowledge flows between organizations. It explores how some large firms in the high-technology sectors have sought to break away from the limitations of internal R&D and firm-based careers for scientists by engaging in external collaborative projects to gain access to the open knowledge networks of university researchers. It examines how the firms seek to forge close institutional ties with their university partners and develop network career structures in order to engage academic scientists in joint knowledge production. It argues that firms have sought to extend their human resource and knowledge boundaries into the established internal labour markets of the universities with which they collaborate, leading to the formation of a pool of joint human resources with work experiences and career patterns straddling the two sectors. The paper develops the concept of an 'overlapping internal labour market' to provide a conceptual bridge between internal labour markets and network organizations. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007.
EFFECTS OF THE GREEN ALGAE CHLORELLA VULGARIS ON THE RESPONSE OF THE HOST HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM TO INTRAPERITONEAL EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR TRANSPLANTATION IN MICE

Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE) was examined for its effects on the Ehrlich ascites tumor-induced suppression in the numbers of bone marrow and spleen granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in mice. No effects on bone marrow and spleen CFU-GM, as compared to controls, were observed in normal mice given 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg CVE orally for 5 days. In tumor-bearing mice, myelosuppression concomitant with increased number of spleen CFU-GM were observed. The number of CFU-GM in the bone marrow was restored to control levels after the administration of CVE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) to tumor-bearing mice, and a slight reduction in spleen colony formation was observed in these animals. In addition, CVE significantly prolonged the survival of mice inoculated with the Ehrlich ascites tumor. These results suggest a protective antitumor effect of CVE which might be attributable, at least in part, to the stimulation of the production and, possibly, maturation of granulocytes and macrophages.
Outcomes analysis in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy for hormonally active adrenal tumors.

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) has become the preferred method of removal of most adrenal neoplasms, but few studies have evaluated the functional outcomes of this approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze our operative results and the clinical and biochemical responses to LA in patients with various hormonally active adrenal tumors. METHODS From 1993 through November 2000, 72 patients with functional adrenal tumors underwent attempted LA. Data were obtained retrospectively by review of medical records, during routine follow-up, and by patient questionnaire. RESULTS Indications for adrenalectomy were pheochromocytoma (n = 35), aldosteronoma (n = 29), cortisol-producing adenoma (n = 5), and adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome (n = 3). LA was completed in 70 of 72 patients, with 2 conversions (3%) to open adrenalectomy. Mean operative time for unilateral LA was 176 +/- 60 minutes, and postoperative length of hospital stay averaged 3.0 +/- 1.7 days. Complications, most of which were minor, occurred in 19% of patients; there were no serious complications or perioperative deaths. Two patients were unavailable for follow-up. At a mean follow-up interval of 37.6 months after LA (range, 2-90 months), resolution of clinical and biochemical signs of adrenal hyperfunction was accomplished in 34 of 34 patients with pheochromocytomas, 25 of 26 patients with aldosteronomas, 5 of 5 patients with cortisol-producing adenomas, and 3 of 3 patients with andrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Two patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 had contralateral pheochromocytomas removed 4 and 5 years after the initial surgery. Persistent hypertension necessitating medication was present in 72% of patients with aldosteronomas, although 92% of these patients had improved blood pressure control after LA. Recurrent hypokalemia developed in 1 patient (4%) with a cortical nodule in the contralateral adrenal. No local or distant tumor recurrences have occurred. CONCLUSIONS LA results in an excellent clinical outcome in patients with various functional endocrine tumors. LA is associated with few major complications, and clinical and biochemical cure rates are comparable with those of open adrenalectomy during long-term follow-up.