Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic of Boon Kam Fa tradition of Phuan Ethnic Group in the Thailand tourism context.

The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics of the original Boon Kam Fa tradition conducted by the Phuan Ethnic Group in Thailand. It also aims to study the origin, existence, and change of the tradition in the context of the tourism industry in Thailand. The data in this qualitative research was gained through document study, observation, and interviews in several areas, namely Hat Siao village, Tam Bon Hat Siao, Amphoe Si Satchanalai, Sukhothai Province; Amphoe Phrom Buri, Sing Buri Province; and Tam Bon Ban Phue, Amphoe Ban Phue, Udon Thani Province. Such data collection was carried out through the perspectives of identity, tradition invention, and ethnic and cultural tourism. The results of this study indicate that a great deal of the history of struggle and migration of the Phuan Ethnic Group is found in Lao PDR’s myth and chronicles. In fact, the latest migration of the Phuan Ethnic Group to Thailand was in the reign of King Rama V. Phuan Ethnic Groups distributed themselves to different provinces, such as Sukhothai, Lop Buri, Sing Buri, and Udon Thani. As a matter of fact, they still adhere to Boon Kam Fa as one of their ethnic group traditions, which is used as a tourism activity nowadays. For Hat Siao village, Tam Bon Hat Siao, Amphoe Si Satchanalai, Sukhothai Province, the Boon Kam Fa tradition has been in the process of development to a tourism activity. The meaning of the tradition is a holiday for Phuan women to have time out from looming. The activities in the tradition include making Khao Khong dessert, Lam Phuan and Nang Kwak entertaining activities. Cultural Tourism 41 www.witpress. com, ISSN 1755-8336 (on-line) WIT Transactions on State of the Art in Science and Engineering, Vol 68, © 2013 WIT Press doi:10.2495/978-1-84564-806-0/004 For Amphoe Phrom Buri, Sing Buri Province, Boon Kam Fa has been deployed to a greater extent as a tourism activity. The tradition means paying respect to the sky, is a holiday and a new year’s eve of the Phuan Ethnic Group, and a fertility forecast. Making Khao Lam, playing the Mhak Bia game, and the Ram Kam Fa dance are some of the activities in the tradition. However, Boon Kam Fa is not made a tourism activity in Tam Bon Ban Phue, Amphoe Ban Phue, Udon Thani Province. Only some of the Phuan people still consider it a tradition with the meaning of Phuan’s Head Sib Song Kong Sib See (the twelve month tradition and the fourteen ways of life). Fertilizer or seeds are used in activities such as courting and the Tai Phuan dance. The data gained from the areas suggested that the Boon Kam Fa phenomenon has different perspectives of the dynamic, namely management, economic, social and ecosystem, and the meaning of the tradition. This research will shed light on the new knowledge about ethnic and cultural tourism, which will therefore lead to planning of tourism through cultures and ethnic groups. Ultimately, such planning is hoped to bring about the sustainability of society and culture in the future.
Number morpheme acquisition in children within normal language development.

BACKGROUND studies about Brazilian Portuguese number morpheme acquisition and its productive usage have indicated controversial results. AIM to verify the comprehension and production of singular and plural markers in children within normal language development. METHOD participants were 64 children ranging in age from 3:0 to 6:11 years. In the comprehension test, children were encouraged to point to the correctly inflected noun picture, among three foils. In the production test, they had to name each picture with the correctly inflected article and noun. RESULTS there was an increase of correct answers with age. The production of the plural form received the lower scores, but presented a significant enhancement from 3:0 to 5:0 years. CONCLUSION this ability improved with development and was considered productive after 5:0.
Commentary: Toward specialized undergraduate telecommunication engineering education in the US

In ancient times, unless somebody was prepared to travel, man could only communicate as far as he could shout. Methods were then developed to enable communications to extend over longer distances, using trumpets, beacon fire, flags, etc. It was not until the inauguration of telegraphy (by W. Cooke and C. Wheatstone in England in 1839, and by S. Morse in the US in 1844) and telephony (by A. G. Bell in 1876), that electricity was utilized to facilitate commercial telecommunication service [1]-[2]. Then, for nearly 100 years, telecommunications was mainly about telephony and telegraphy and was based almost entirely on electrical engineering methods. From audio to radio signals, electro-mechanic to electronic technologies, analog to digital systems, and electronic to photonic devices; telecommunications has witnessed tremendous progress on numerous fronts. In terms of services and applications, telecommunications evolved in recent years to embrace cyber space, entertainment, and electronic commerce and business.
HER2 cytoplasmic domain generates normal mitogenic and transforming signals in a chimeric receptor.

We have investigated the biological function of an unidentified human growth factor, the ligand of the putative HER2 receptor, by characterizing the signalling properties of its receptor. HER2 (or c‐erbB‐2), the human homolog of the rat neu proto‐oncogene, encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein of the tyrosine kinase family that appears to play an important role in human breast carcinoma. Since a potential ligand for HER2 has not yet been identified, it has been difficult to analyze the biochemical properties and biological function of this cell surface protein. For this reason, we replaced the HER2 extracellular domain with the closely related ligand binding domain sequences of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and examined the ligand‐induced biological signalling potential of this chimeric HER1‐2 protein. This HER1‐2 receptor is targetted to the cell surface of transfected NIH 3T3 cells, forms high and low affinity binding sites, and generates normal mitogenic and cell transforming signals upon interaction with EGF or TGF alpha. The constitutive activation of wild‐type HER2 in transfected NIH 3T3 cells suggests the possibility that these cells synthesize the as yet unidentified HER2 ligand and activate HER2 by an autocrine mechanism.
Older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review of patterns of use, adverse outcomes, and effectiveness of interventions.

STUDY OBJECTIVE We sought to synthesize the literature on patterns of use of emergency services among older adults, risk factors associated with adverse health outcomes, and effectiveness of intervention strategies targeting this population. METHODS Relevant articles were identified by means of an English-language search of MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, CINAHL, Current Contents, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1985 to January 2001. This search was supplemented with literature from reference sections of the retrieved publications. A qualitative approach was used to synthesize the literature. RESULTS Compared with younger persons, older adults use emergency services at a higher rate, their visits have a greater level of urgency, they have longer stays in the emergency department, they are more likely to be admitted or to have repeat ED visits, and they experience higher rates of adverse health outcomes after discharge. The risk factors commonly associated with the negative outcomes are age, functional impairment, recent hospitalization or ED use, living alone, and lack of social support. Comprehensive geriatric screening and coordinated discharge planning initiatives designed to improve clinical outcomes in older emergency patients have provided inconclusive results. CONCLUSION Older ED patients have distinct patterns of service use and care needs. The current disease-oriented and episodic models of emergency care do not adequately respond to the complex care needs of frail older patients. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of screening and intervention strategies targeting at-risk older ED patients.
Protection of mice from lethal influenza by adoptive transfer of non-neutralizing haemagglutination-inhibiting IgG obtained from the lungs of infected animals treated with defective interfering virus.

The lungs of C3H/HeMg mice infected with a lethal dose of the influenza virus A/WSN (H1N1) contained antibody to the viral neuraminidase glycoprotein but not to the haemagglutinin (HA). When coinoculated with a life-saving amount of defective interfering (DI) WSN, lungs were found to contain both anti-neuraminidase and haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies which peaked at 3 and 5 days post-infection (p.i.), respectively. Mice coinoculated with WSN and beta-propiolactone-inactivated DI WSN had only anti-neuraminidase antibody in the lungs. The HI activity was unusual in that there was no detectable neutralizing activity. The HI activity has been affinity-purified by adsorption to and elution from WSN HA and consisted entirely of IgG, comprising isotypes IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b. The antibody was specific for WSN HA, of low activity and had disappeared from the lungs by 20 days p.i. Transfer of affinity-purified HA-specific, non-neutralizing antibody to mice 24 h before infection with WSN alone protected 60% from death. We conclude that the antibody contributes significantly to the life-saving activity of DI WSN virus and that the ability to stimulate such antibody represents a novel property of this DI virus.
Role of lipid metabolism in hepatitis C virus assembly and entry

HCV (hepatitis C virus) represents a major global health problem. A consistent body of evidence has been accumulating, suggesting a peculiar overlap between the HCV life cycle and lipid metabolism. This association becomes evident both for the clinical symptoms of HCV infection and the molecular mechanisms underlying the morphogenesis and entry process of this virus. The HCV core–lipid droplets association seems to be central to the HCV morphogenesis process. Moreover, the biogenesis pathway of very‐low‐density lipoproteins has been shown to be involved in HCV morphogenesis with MTP (microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein), ApoB (apolipoprotein B) and ApoE (apolipoprotein E) as essential elements in the production of infectious HCV particles. HCV infectivity also correlates with the lipidation status of the particles. Furthermore, some HCV cellular receptors and the regulation of the entry process are also connected to lipoproteins and lipid metabolism. Specifically, lipoproteins modulate the entry process and the cholesterol transporter SR‐BI (scavenger receptor class B type I) is a cellular entry factor for HCV. The present review aims to summarize the advances in our understanding of the HCV–lipid metabolism association, which may open new therapeutic avenues.
The Transformation of a Unilateral Locomotor Command into a Symmetrical Bilateral Activation in the Brainstem

A unilateral activation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) produces symmetrical bilateral locomotion in all vertebrate species tested to date. How this occurs remains unresolved. This study examined the possibility that the symmetry occurred at the level of the inputs from the MLR to reticulospinal (RS) cells. In lamprey semi-intact preparations, we recorded intracellular responses of pairs of large, homologous RS cells on both sides to stimulation of the MLR on one side. The synaptic responses on both sides were very similar in shape, amplitude, and threshold intensity. Increasing MLR stimulation intensity produced a symmetrical increase in the magnitude of the responses on both sides. Ca2+ imaging confirmed the bilateral activation of smaller-sized RS cells as well. In a high-divalent cation solution, the synaptic responses of homologous RS cells persisted and exhibited a constant latency during high-frequency stimulation. Moreover, during gradual replacement of normal Ringer's solution with a Ca2+-free solution, the magnitude of responses showed a gradual reduction with a similar time course in the homologous RS cells. These results support the idea that the MLR projects monosynaptically to RS cells on both sides with symmetrical inputs. During locomotion of the semi-intact preparation, the discharge pattern was also very similar in homologous bilateral RS cells. Anatomical experiments confirmed the presence of MLR neurons projecting ipsilaterally to the reticular formation intermingled with neurons projecting contralaterally. We conclude that the bilaterally symmetrical MLR inputs to RS cells are likely contributors to generating symmetrical locomotor activity.
People on the Land: Changes in Global Population and Croplands during the 20th Century

Abstract This study reviews the major changes in global distribution of croplands during the 20th century. During the 20th century, the cropland base diminished greatly (from ∼ 0.75 ha person−1 in 1900 to ∼ 0.35 ha person−1 in 1990). This loss of croplands was not globally uniform: more than half the world's population, living in developing nations, hlost nearly two-thirds of their per capita cropland base. The distribution of croplands has become increasingly skewed —in 1990, 80% of the population lived off less than 0.35 ha person−1. While agricultural yields have generally increased, they have barely kept pace with population growth in developing nations. Overall, the global food production system is becoming increasingly vulnerable to regional disruptions because of our increasing reliance on expensive technological options to increase agricultural production, or on global food trade.
Histone H1 and chromatin interactions in human fibroblast nuclei after H1 depletion and reconstitution with H1 subfractions

Linker histones constitute a family of lysine‐rich proteins associated with nucleosome core particles and linker DNA in eukaryotic chromatin. In permeabilized cells, they can be extracted from nuclei by using salt concentration in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 M. Although other nuclear proteins are also extracted at 0.7 M salt, the remaining nucleus represents a template that is relatively intact.
Operational Definitions of Sexual Orientation and Estimates of Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors.

PURPOSE Increasing attention to the health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations comes with requisite circumspection about measuring sexual orientation in surveys. However, operationalizing these variables also requires considerable thought. This research sought to document the consequences of different operational definitions of sexual orientation by examining variation in health risk behaviors. METHODS Using Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, we examined how operational definitions of sexual behavior and sexual identity influenced differences among three health behaviors known to disparately affect LGB populations: smoking, suicide risk, and methamphetamine use. Sexual behavior and sexual identity were also examined together to explore if they captured unique sources of variability in behavior. RESULTS Estimates of health disparities changed as a result of using either sexual behavior or sexual identity. Youth who reported their sexual identity as "not sure" also had increased odds of health risk behavior. Disaggregating bisexual identity and behavior from same-sex identity and behavior frequently resulted in the attenuation or elimination of health disparities that would have otherwise been attributable to exclusively same-sex sexual minorities. Finally, sexual behavior and sexual identity explained unique and significant sources of variability in all three health behaviors. CONCLUSION Researchers using different operational definitions of sexual orientation could draw different conclusions, even when analyzing the same data, depending upon how they chose to represent sexual orientation in analyses. We discuss implications that these manipulations have on data interpretation and provide specific recommendations for best-practices when analyzing sexual orientation data collected from adolescent populations.
Improved Preparation and Preservation of Human Keratoplasty Lenticules

Purpose: To improve the preparation of lenticules from human cornea and to obtain their preservation without loss of viable keratocytes. Methods: The epithelium was manually removed after bathing the surface of the cornea with a solution of trypsin and EDTA. Lenticules were prepared by microkeratome resection and viable keratocytes were visualized by staining with thiazolyl blue (MTT). Results: The pretreatment with trypsin-EDTA allowed the removal of the epithelium without damage to the keratocytes and the stroma. When these lenticules were incubated in Optisol-GS for 7 days at 4°C, they showed a limited thickness increase and a preservation of keratocyte viability. Conclusion: This procedure allows the preparation of lenticules with viable keratocytes that can be preserved in the cold for at least 1 week.
DNA microarray technology in cancer research.

Microarray technology transforms the study of functional genetics. The entire genomic activity of cells and tissues can be analysed and compared on single slides, or gene chips. In cancer research, this will allow the better understanding of the regulation of activity of cells and tumours in various states. It will also allow the classification of individual tumours by their gene expression patterns, which may also describe and predict therapeutic resistance and sensitivity patterns. This short article provides a short introduction to the technology and its applications.
Enlight: web-based integration of GWAS results with biological annotations

UNLABELLED Identifying causal variants remains a key challenge in post-GWAS (genome-wide association study) era, as many GWAS single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (including imputed ones) fall into non-coding regions, making it difficult to associate statistical significance with predicted functionality. Therefore, we created a web-based tool, Enlight, which overlays functional annotation information, such as histone modification states, methylation patterns, transcription factor binding sites, eQTL and higher-order chromosomal structure, to GWAS results. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Accessible by a Web browser at http://enlight.usc. edu.
Book Review

The so-called `̀ GoÈttingen Project on Quantitative Linguistics'' has repeatedly been reported about in earlier issues of JQL (Best, 1998; Best & Altmann, 1996). This project is not a closed research institution involving a particular number of local scholars, but an open structure of research coordination to which anyone interested may contribute. The object of this project is, generally speaking, the study of frequency distributions (FD) of language units in texts; more speci®cally, it predominantly focuses on word length in individual texts, but also on sentence length, word classes, and related topics. The theoretical background of this project is basically represented in two major articles by Wimmer, KoÈhler, Grotjahn, and Altmann (1994) and Wimmer and Altmann (1996); these need not be commented upon here in detail, since they should be familiar to readers of JQL. These authors' basic assumption is that the frequency distribution of linguistic units is not randomly (chaotically) organized, but follows speci®c rules (or laws). Speci®cally, it is assumed that the probability of a particular unit (e.g., the class of words with length x) is proportionally related to the probability of its neighbouring unit (e.g., the class of words with length xÿ 1). This proportional relation is not considered to be constant (which would result in an equation of the type Px  aPxÿ1, but is represented by a function obtaining the form g x. Thus we obtain the basic formula Px  g xPxÿ1, which, depending on the speci®c form of g x, results in various frequency distributions. The function g x  axÿb is regarded to be the basic organizational function; it results in the so-called Conway-MaxwellPoisson distribution which, if P0 6 0, has the form Px  a x x!  P0; x  0; 1; 2 1
Online memorial culture: an introduction

Over the last decades, death, dying, and (online) bereavement culture in the Western world have constituted a growing field of attention in the academic world. Much of the research has been nationally based and focused on monographic studies of specific fields, such as practices related to dying, burial traditions, and grave traditions. However, in recent years, the field has developed, becoming increasingly cross-disciplinary and with the formation of professional networks across countries. The research tradition has evolved out of clinical practices (see, for instance, Davies, 2004, 2005; Rando, 1986) and therapeutic traditions (see, for instance, Brotherson & Soderquist, 2002; Stroebe et al., 2005) and along the way meeting the demand for a greater societal understanding of the needs and practices in medical and social institutions and among practitioners. Thus, the field has mainly been researched and documented by social workers, palliative care, (health services) and sociologists. At the same time, but separately, anthropologists have studied death as an inherently social phenomenon. This includes the social technologies surrounding it in classical death studies such as Hertz (1907) and more recent studies like Bloch and Parry (1982). These studies are most often focused on dealing with death outside of the Western world and are based on ethnographic field studies. However, in recent years also, the anthropological study of death has become more cross-disciplinary and focused on practices of death in present-day Western countries (see, for instance Christensen & Sandvik, 2014; Christensen & Willerslev, 2013; Harper, 2012). Existing research includes not only studies of institutionalized practices concerning death, burial, mourning, and so on, but also studies focusing on the practices of bereavement as it is performed in more mundane settings (see, for instance, Davies, 2002; Venbrux, 2008). As such, these studies relate to the concept of everyday life as such (Elias, 1998; Featherstone, 1992) and in relation to death practices (Gibson, 2008). In recent years, media research has contributed to the field of death studies. Mediatization studies have focused on how various societal practices are influenced by media logics (Livingstone, 2009; Lundby, 2009) including religious practices (Hepp & Krönert, 2010; Hjarvard, 2011) and practices surrounding death and dying (Sumiala & Hakola, 2013). This tradition corresponds with research into the domestication of media (Haddon, 2004; Silverstone & Hirsch, 1992) and its role in everyday life where digital media are playing an increasingly important role (Helles, 2012). The study of media in everyday life has a long New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 2015 Vol. 21, Nos. 1–2, 1–9, http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/13614568.2015. 988455