Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A discrete variational approach for investigation of stationary localized states in a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation, named IN-DNLS

IN-DNLS considered here is a countable infinite set of coupled one-dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential difference equations with a tunable nonintegrability parameter. When this parameter vanishes, IN-DNLS reduces to the famous integrable Ablowitz-Ladik (AL) equation. The formation of unstaggered and staggered stationary localized states (SLSs) in IN-DNLS is studied here using a discrete variational method. The functional form of stationary soliton of AL equation is used as the ansatz for SLSs. Derivation of the appropriate functional and its equivalence to the effective Lagrangian are presented. Formation of on-site peaked and intersite peaked unstaggered SLSs and their dependence on the nonintegrability parameter are investigated. On-site peaked states are found to be energetically stable. Results are explained using the effective mass picture. Also, the properties of staggered SLSs of Sievers-Takeno- (ST-) like mode and Page- (P-) like mode are investigated and explained using the same effective mass picture. It is further shown here that an unstable SLS which is found in the truncated analysis of the problem does not survive in the exact calculation. For large-width and small-amplitude SLSs, the known asymptotic result for the amplitude is obtained. Further scope and possible extensions of this work are discussed.
Retention of Introductory and Review Programs as a Function of Response Mode*

While there have been many studies of the effectiveness of active participation in programed instruction, most have presented data only from tests administered soon after the completion of the program (Evans, Glaser, and Homme, 1960; Keislar and McNeil, 1962; Williams, 1963). In general, performance is better when there is active participation, although often the comparisons between response modes have not reached conventional levels of significance. The little data available from tests given after some time has elapsed since training suggest that delayed testing may be more sensitive to training differences. For example, Krumboltz and Weisman (1962) found that subjects who had to construct their own responses performed significantly better on a test given two weeks after completion of the program than those who made covert responses and those who simply read the program; these differences had not appeared on the immediate test. Goldbeck and Campbell (1962) also found differences only on a delayed test; in this case, however, subjects in the group that had read through the program performed significantly better 10 weeks after training than those who had had constructed-response training. One purpose of the present experiment was to collect further data on the effectiveness of constructed-response versus reading modes as a function of time of testing. Another variable was included in the present investigation: whether or not the content of the program had previously been studied. It has often been proposed that programed materials be used as review: for example, programed homework assignments reviewing material introduced by the teacher, or a few hours' training on programed materials covering their previous work for pupils returning to school after a long vacation. Although programed instruction does appear promising for this purpose, the recommendation has not been made on the basis of data.
Ada in Chiasmus: Chiasmus in Ada

In his History of Reading Alberto Manguel states what may be an obvious truth when he points out that "the way we read a text today in the Western worldÂ—from left to right and from top to bottomÂ—is by no means universal" (47). Nor has it always been the case in the West. Nabokov's Ada: the name, the title, is palindromic, reading the same backwards and forwards. Is it possible to read a novel 'backwards'? Is it possible to reverse the direction of time? If one attends closely to Nabokov, the answer to both questions may be yes. To interpret the novel Ada means to find a way to read it which is complementary to the virtuosic exemplarity of its form. The only way to read Ada's apparently circular nanative, as the nanator suggests in the opening chapter, is to 're-read' (19) (the verb 'reread' occurs far more often in the text than 'read'). To reread is of course not to read backwards but to interpret, to engage in a memory-work: the narrator claims to be 'reminding' the 'rereader'Â—which is only logicalÂ—to look backwards while reading forwards. 'Rereading' describes a general approach to nanative fiction, but Ada in 1969 set a new standard in the degree and complexity of its proleptic, retroleptic, 'incestuous' intratextuality1Â—and not merely intratextual: to read Ada is to
The Meaning of “Light” and “Ultralight” Cigarettes: A Commentary on Smith, Stutts, and Zank

The authors question Smith, Stutts, and Zank's (2012) conclusion that young adult smokers interpret “light” and “mild” as taste attributes on several grounds. First, the current study examines evidence from industry documents that reveal strategies to use light and mild variants to reassure smokers. Second, the authors explore the multiple meanings of terms such as “light” and “mild” and illustrate how “light” is commonly used to imply a reduction, particularly in food and alcohol products. Third, they review the extensive consumer evidence documenting smokers’ belief that light cigarette variants will deliver less tar and nicotine and reduce the risk of harms arising from smoking. Finally, they review Smith, Stutts, and Zank's findings and suggest that their sample, predominantly social smokers, has important cognitive biases. The authors identify limitations in the measures of risk used, suggest that these elicit only superficial risk understanding, and conclude that Smith, Stutts, and Zank's findings reveal a considerable potential for harm. As a result, they conclude that Smith, Stutts, and Zank's study has consolidated prior findings by revealing high levels of deception, even among college students, who might be expected to be better educated and more discerning.
Where has all the Youth Crime Gone? Youth Justice in an Age of Austerity

Youth justice under the Coalition government in England and Wales has been characterised by considerable gains -- falling youth crime, increased diversion and substantial reductions in child imprisonment -- that would generally be associated with a progressive agenda. Focusing on youth justice policy in England and Wales, this article suggests that the tensions implicit in a government of the new right delivering outcomes that demonstrate an increased tolerance to children who offend can be explained by the logic of austerity. That same logic brings with it other policy measures that are potentially less compatible with children's well-being. Language: en
Remote integration and coordination of verification tools in jETI

We present jETI, a redesign of the Electronic Tools Integration platform (ETI), that addresses the major issues and concerns accumulated over seven years of experience with tool providers, tool users and students. Most important was here the reduction of the effort for integrating and updating tools. jETI combines Eclipse and Web Services functionality with our Application Building Center (ABC), a framework supporting coordination based application development. This provides (1) lightweight remote component (tool) integration, (2) distributed component (tool) libraries, (3) a graphical coordination environment, and (4) a distributed execution environment. We illustrate these features by discussing their impact on the typical jETI user groups: the Tool Providers, the Standard Tool Users, and the Advanced Tool Users.
Comment on "Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) Persists in Continental North America"

We reanalyzed video presented as confirmation that an ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) persists in Arkansas (Fitzpatrick et al., Reports, 3 June 2005, p. 1460). None of the features described as diagnostic of the ivory-billed woodpecker eliminate a normal pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus). Although we support efforts to find and protect ivory-billed woodpeckers, the video evidence does not demonstrate that the species persists in the United States.
Tamoxifen inhibits nitrotyrosine formation after reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

Tamoxifen (TAM), a widely used non‐steroidal anti‐estrogen, has recently been shown to be neuroprotective in a rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (rMCAo). Tamoxifen has several potential mechanisms of action including inhibition of the release of excitatory amino acids (EAA) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. The question addressed in this study was whether TAM reduces ischemia‐induced production of nitrotyrosine, considered as a footprint of the product of nitric oxide and superoxide, peroxynitrite. In rat brain, 2 h rMCAo produced a time‐dependent increase in nitrotyrosine content in the cerebral cortex, as measured by Western blot analysis. Compared with vehicle, TAM significantly reduced nitrotyrosine levels in the ischemic cortex at 24 h. The neuronal (n)NOS inhibitor, 7‐nitroindazole also tended to reduce nitrotyrosine, but this reduction was not statistically significant. Immunostaining for nitrotyrosine was seen in cortical neurons in the MCA territory and this immunostaining was reduced by TAM. In vitro, TAM and the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited, with similar EC50 values, the activity of recombinant nNOS as well as NOS activity in brain homogenates, measured by conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline. There was marginal inhibition of recombinant inducible (i)NOS activity up to 100 µm TAM. These data suggest that TAM is an effective inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent NOS and the derived peroxynitrite production in transient focal cerebral ischemia and this may be one mechanism for its neuroprotective effect following rMCAo.
General indicators confounding Kraepelin: predictive indicators of misdiagnosing borderline as bipolar

In their article titled ‘Bipolar or borderline: a clinical overview’, Ghaemi and colleagues found the two illnesses to be similar with regard to the nosological validators of mood lability and impulsivity (1). The authors conclusion that such a similarity often leads to misdiagnosis despite the two conditions being seen as different clinical entities is consistent with previous research (2). We recently reviewed data obtained from a clinical assessment tool used by the Division of Psychosomatic Medicine at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The tool (GICK) consists of pooled questions from the routine History, Physical and Mental Status Examination included in medical students’ orientation packets at the commencement of their third-year clerkship in psychiatry. We looked at 83 consecutive new patient consults requested over a 1-month period and found that 12 patients had a preadmission diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder (BAD). We chose to exclude patients with a co-occurring substance use disorder (n = 3). Of the nine patients identified, 3 were reevaluated as having a primary diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. While all three patients were also diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), none ruled-in for bipolar affective disorder or schizoaffective disorder. Items in the patient’s history that demonstrated predictive value of misdiagnosis included (i) a history of physical or sexual trauma, (ii) female gender, (iii) a positive screen to the question, ‘Do you consider yourself a nervous person? ,’ and (iv) a pattern of antipsychotic use characterized by initial efficacy, followed by a loss of effect. Patients with such a pattern may also have related aspects in their history including extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) and use of benztropine or similar acting anticholinergic medication. While we did find that past sexual abuse was correlated, our study did not find the genetic validator of a bipolar family history being predictive of misdiagnosis. This may have been due to our extremely small sample size. While ours was a clinical performance improvement project that reviewed data routinely obtained by medical students during a core clerkship, we did find that 3.6% of patients with a pre-admission diagnosis of BAD were misdiagnosed and instead afflicted with borderline personality disorder and PTSD. We plan on applying the identified predictive variables to a larger database of patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar affective disorder to test their statistical and clinical significance. Such a study would further clarify the role specific indicators in patients’ histories play in the accurate diagnosis and treatment planning of individuals who present with mood lability and impulsivity (3, 4).
Challenging the ideology of normal in schools

In this article, we build on Brantlinger's work to critique the binary of normal and abnormal applied in US schools that create inequities in education. Operating from a critical perspective, we draw from Critical Race Theory, Disability Studies in Education, and Cultural/Historical Activity Theory to build a conceptual framework for examining the prevailing ideology of normal found in US schools. We use our conceptual framework to deconstruct the current, westernised, static ideology of normal. Once deconstructed, we explore current iterations of the ideology of normal in schools. Finally, we suggest using the conceptual framework as a tool to reconstruct the ideology of normal as something more dynamic and inclusive.
Multilingual Summarization by Integrating Linguistic Resources in the MLIS-MUSI Project

In this paper we will illustrate the approach to multilingual automatic abstract production adopted by the EU-sponsored project MLISMUSI. Although a small scale research project, MUSI has tried to tackle the challenges set by multilingual summarization by adopting an original approach based on the definition of a shared ontology and representation language, and on the reuse of existing linguistic resources. MUSI combines a linguistic-based module for relevant sentence extraction and a concept-based component to generate multilingual summaries.
Keyword Join: Realizing Keyword Search for Information Integration

Information integration has been widely addressed over the last several decades. However, it is far from solved due to the complexity of resolving schema and data heterogeneities. In this paper, we propose out attempt to alleviate such difficulty by realizing keyword search functionality for integrating information from heterogeneous databases. Our solution does not require predefined global schema or any mappings between databases. Rather, it relies on an operator called keyword join to take a set of lists of partial answers from different data sources as input, and output a list of results that are joined by the tuples from input lists based on predefined similarity measures as integrated results. Our system allows source databases remain autonomous and the system to be dynamic and extensible. We have tested our system with real dataset and benchmark, which shows that our proposed method is practical and effective.
Theorising the relationship between older people and their immediate social living environment

This article presents a theoretical framework for exploring the dynamics between older people and their immediate social living environment. After introducing a gerontological perspective that goes beyond microfication, a literature review presents findings from studies that have explored the role of place and locality for older people. Next, this contribution seeks to broaden the conceptual field by introducing key dimensions of the relationship between older people and their social environment. A critical investigation of underlying assumptions and constructions of older people within certain research traditions that address the social environment is presented. In conclusion, the role of the social environment is underlined as a dynamic, multi-dimensional, historically and spatially contextualized process that both shapes and is shaped by the experiences and practices of older people.
Historical view of DNA replication studies, with special reference to Japan

Almost forty years after the key contributions to the field by Okazaki and coworkers that gave rise to the concept of leading and the lagging strand, we are still at the state of uncertainty about the proteins that replicate each strand. Perhaps, one main conclusion that should be drawn from the data currently available is that the protein architecture at the fork is more plastic than originally thought. iubmb Life, 58: 323‐327, 2006
The World Outside and Inside Schools: Language and Immigrant Children

I was very honored to have been selected as the DeWitt Wallace-Reader's Digest Lecturer for the 1998 AERA Annual -Meeting. I was particularly grateful for the opportunity to talk and write at some length about a subject that greatly concerns me. As you will note from the title of my article, my topic is the education of immigrant children. It is a topic that is very much a part of our national conversations as we seek to come to terms with the challenges facing our educational institutions at the end of the 20th century and as we observe that the school population in this country has become increasingly diverse. In coming to this country and adjusting to American schools, immigrant students and their families travel very long-distances. These distances are physical, emotional, and psochological And for many of these individuals, the journey "from where they came from to becoming "American" will take a very long time indeed. What has become increasingly clear in recent years, however, is that newly arrived immigrants from non-English-speaking countries encounter serious problems within our educational system. The dilemma facing schools is a difficult one. Students who arrive in this country must learn English. They cannot be truly accommodated by the schools until they are able to profit from instruction conducted solely in this language. At the same time, there is much confusion in educational circles and in the public mind about how students can best acquire the academic English skills required to succeed in school.
The dynamics of accounting change Inter‐play between new practices, routines, institutions, power and politics

This paper explores accounting change in the product development department of a small UK chemicals manufacturer. An institutional framework of accounting and a framework of power mobilisation help tease out the dynamics of the processes of change. The case highlights power over resources, decision making and meanings as being key facilitators to the implementation of accounting change. It also demonstrates barriers to change and conflict which emerge as new accounting routines fail to impinge on existing laboratory ways of thinking. Focusing on the processes of accounting change within a specific organisational setting illuminates aspects of the change process which more conventional “static” approaches would likely ignore.
Adaptive sex‐specific life history plasticity to temperature and photoperiod in a damselfly

We investigated four predictions about how temperature, photoperiod and sex affect the life history plasticity and foraging activity of a damselfly. (i) As predicted, increased temperatures increased foraging activity and growth rates, but in contrast with the prediction, late photoperiod (high time stress) did not affect foraging activity and growth rate. (ii) Unexpectedly, the increase in growth rate at increasing temperatures was not larger under high time stress. (iii) As predicted, age and size at emergence decreased at higher temperatures and at the late photoperiod. Temperature‐induced life history shifts were direct or the result of behavioural growth mediation depending on the temperature range. Photoperiod‐induced life history shifts were direct. (iv) As predicted, males emerged before females but at a smaller size. The degree of sexual size dimorphism was influenced by the joint effects of temperature and photoperiod. We could only detect genetic variation in size plasticity to photoperiod. The match between the sex‐specific life history responses to temperature and photoperiod and predictions by relevant optimality models suggests adaptive life history plasticity to these variables.
Transient receptor potential channels as drug targets

The mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels consists of voltage-independent, non-selective cation channels that are expressed in excitable and non-excitable cells. The biologic roles of TRP channels are diverse and include vascular tone, thermosensation, irritant stimuli sensing and flow sensing in the kidney. TRP channels are a relatively new target in therapeutic drug discovery. During the past few years, pharmaceutical companies have focused their discovery efforts on developing TRP channel modulators with potential therapeutic value. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic benefits of drugs targeting TRP ion channels.
Lactic acid bacteria as novel adjuvant systems for prevention and treatment of atopic diseases

Purpose of reviewAllergic diseases have become the new epidemic in westernized countries. Several factors including reduction of microbial contact early in life may have contributed to this dramatic development. As conventional immunotherapy has obvious limitations, there is a need for the development of new prophylactic and therapeutic treatment approaches. In this respect, lactic acid bacteria have received increasing attention as potential treatment tools against allergy. In this review, different treatment strategies with probiotics will be discussed in light of the recent literature. Recent findingsSupplementation trials with probiotics have shown to reduce allergic manifestations in children. New treatment approaches use selected probiotic strains as mucosal antigen delivery vehicles for recombinant allergens. The most recent studies focus on the optimal intervention time to enhance the treatment efficacy with probiotics for primary disease prevention. SummaryProbiotics may serve as attractive adjuvant systems for improved allergy treatment. Recent work supports the value of well conducted clinical and experimental studies that compare different treatment regimes and identify the best candidate probiotic strains for therapeutic immunomodulation. Such data, as well as understanding the mechanisms of immune modulation in pathogenic and therapeutic settings, are fundamental to be able to recommend probiotic use in allergy treatment.
GEMMbench: a framework for reproducible and collaborative benchmarking of matrix multiplication

The generic matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) is arguably the most popular computational kernel of the 20th century. Yet, surprisingly, no common methodology for evaluating GEMM performance has been established over the many decades of using GEMM for comparing architectures, compilers and ninja-class programmers. We introduce GEMMbench, a framework and methodology for evaluating performance of GEMM implementations. GEMMbench is implemented on top of Collective Knowledge (CK), a lightweight framework for reproducible and collaborative R&D in computer systems. Using CK allows the R&D community to crowdsource hand-written and compiler-generated GEMM implementations and to study their performance across multiple platforms, data sizes and data types. Our initial implementation supports hand-written OpenCL kernels operating on matrices consisting of single- and double-precision floating-point values, and producing single or multiple output elements per work-item (via thread coarsening and vectorization).