Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic activity of six young solar analogues II. Surface Differential Rotation from long-term photometry

The present paper is the second of a series dedicated to the study of the magnetic activity in a selected sample of young solar analogues. The sample includes five single G0-G5V stars with ages between '130 Myr and 700 Myr: EK Dra, 1 UMa, HN Peg, k 1 Cet and BE Cet. In this study we also include the Pleiades-age ('130 Myr) K0V star DX Leo. Our analysis is based on high precision photometric observations carried out as part of The Sun in Timeproject, aimed at a multiwavelength study of stars with solar-like global properties, but with dierent ages and thus at dierent stages of evolution. In the first paper of this series we presented the photometric observations and determined the existence of starspot cycles and their correlation with the global stellar properties. In the present paper we investigate the surface dierential rotation (SDR). The periodogram analysis of the photometric data time series has allowed us to determine the rotational periods and to derive the following results: i) all the selected stars show variations of the rotational period. Such variations are definitely periodic and in phase with the starspot cycle for BE Cet and DX Leo. They are likely periodic and in phase also for 1 UMa, EK Dra and HN Peg, but still need confirmation. By analogy with the solar butterfly diagram, the rotational period variations are interpretable in terms of surface dierential rotation, that is, they are attributable to the existence of active latitude belts migrating during the activity cycle on a dierentially rotating star; ii) BE Cet, 1 UMa and EK Dra show a solar-like pattern of SDR, that is the rotational period steadily decreases along the activity cycle, jumping back to higher values at the beginning of the next cycle; on the contrary, DX Leo, k 1 Cet and HN Peg show an antisolar pattern; iii) the amplitude of the rotational period variations shows a power law dependence on the rotational period similar to that found in previous studies. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the cycle length is not correlated to the Dynamo number, it is indeed positively correlated to the SDR amplitude. More precisely, stars tend to concentrate along three dierent branches with the cycle length increasing with increasing/. Moreover, we found that the SDR amplitude changes from cycle to cycle, which is reminiscent of a wave of excess rotation propagating in latitude; iiii) the apparently dierent solar and antisolar behaviours are probably due to dierent inclinations of the stellar rotation axis under which the star is seen. The long-term photometry of the young single star LQ Hya, although not included in the initial project, is also used in the present analysis to enlarge the investigated sample. We determined for LQ Hya three dierent starspot cycles and an antisolar pattern of SDR.
Crime against Women in India: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Abstract Using the National Crime Record Bureau and National Sample Survey data, this article explores the spatial patterns of different types of crime against women (CAW) in India. To explain these spatial patterns, we use spatial panel data regression techniques that account for spatial dependencies between different CAW and their socio-economic predictors at the NSS-region level. The results show that different types of CAW have different time-consistent spatial clustering of high and low crime zone. Evidence has been found that the prevalence of CAW in a region is influenced by the CAW rate of its neighboring regions. This influence is linked to the spatial diffusion of harmful gender norms that spread across contiguous regions over time. Our results also confirm the importance of various women empowerment-related variables like female literacy rate, sex ratio, and female labor force participation rate in reducing the violence against women. These findings could have significant implications for the policies aiming to reduce CAW.
Efficient Exponential Fitting Algorithm with Two Fitting Parameters for Oscillation Problems

In this paper we propose an exponential fitting (EF) method with two fitting parameters for solving initial value problem x″ = f(x(t),x′(t)) which has oscillatory solutions with varying amplitude. Local truncation error formula is used to determine these fitting parameters. Numerical examples are presented to show efficiency of the method for oscillatory problems in the long time integration.In this paper we propose an exponential fitting (EF) method with two fitting parameters for solving initial value problem x″ = f(x(t),x′(t)) which has oscillatory solutions with varying amplitude. Local truncation error formula is used to determine these fitting parameters. Numerical examples are presented to show efficiency of the method for oscillatory problems in the long time integration.
The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Sensors and Preflight Calibration Plans

Abstract The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) spacecraft sensors are designed to measure broadband earth-reflected solar shortwave (0.3–5 µm) and earth-emitted longwave (5– > 100 µm) radiances at the top of the atmosphere as part of the Mission to Planet Earth program. The scanning thermistor bolometer sensors respond to radiances in the broadband shortwave (0.3–5 µm) and total-wave (0.3– > 100 µm) spectral regions, as well as to radiances in the narrowband water vapor window (8–12 µm) region. The sensors are designed to operate for a minimum of 5 years aboard the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Earth Observing System AM-I spacecraft platforms that are scheduled for launches in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The flight sensors and the in-flight calibration systems will he calibrated in a vacuum ground facility using reference radiance sources, tied to the international temperature scale of 1990. The calibrations will be used to derive sensor gains, offsets, spectral response.
Finite alphabet iterative decoders for LDPC codes surpassing floating-point iterative decoders

Introduced is a new type of message-passing (MP) decoders for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over the binary symmetric channel. Unlike traditional belief propagation (BP) based MP algorithms which propagate probabilities or log-likelihoods, the new MP decoders propagate messages requiring only a finite number of bits for their representation in such a way that good performance in the error floor region is ensured. Additionally, these messages are not quantised probabilities or log-likelihoods. As examples, MP decoders are provided that require only three bits for message representation, but surpass the floating-point BP (which requires a large number of bits for representation) in the error-floor region.
Efficient Point-to-Point Resistance Distance Queries in Large Graphs

Wedescribeamethodtoefficientlycomputepoint-to-pointresistancedistancesinagraph, which are notoriously difficult to compute from the raw graph data. Our method is based on a relatively compact hierarchical data structure which “compresses” the resistance distance data present in a graph, constructed by a nested bisection of the graph using compact edge-cuts. Built and stored in a preprocessing step (which is amenable to massive parallel processing), efficient traversal of a small portion of this data structure supports efficient and exact answers to resistance distance queries. The size of the resulting data structure for a graph of n vertices is O ( nk log n ) , where k is the size of a balanced edge-cut of the graph. Exact queries then require O ( k log n ) worst-case time and O ( k ) average-case time. Approximate values may be obtained significantly faster by applying standard dimension reduction techniques to the “coordinates” stored in the structure.
Infrared Dynamics of Decaying Two-Dimensional Turbulence Governed by the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima Equation

The low wave number range of decaying turbulence governed by the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima (CHM) equation is examined theoretically and by direct numerical simulation. Here, the low wave number range is defined as values of the wave number k below the wave number k E corresponding to the peak of the energy spectrum, or alternatively the centroid wave number of the energy spectrum. The energy spectrum in the low wave number range in the infrared regime ( k →0) is theoretically derived to be E ( k ) ∼ k 5 , using a quasinormal Markovianized model of the CHM equation. This result is verified by direct numerical simulation of the CHM equation. The wave number triads ( k , p , q ) responsible for the formation of the low wave number spectrum are also examined. It is found that the energy flux Π( k ) for k k . Furthermore, the contribution of nonlocal triad i.
Study of Lamb waves based upon the frequency and angular derivatives of the phase of the reflection coefficient

This article deals with the introduction of a new method which allows the complete characterization of an elastic plate, on the one hand, in terms of resonances and, on the other hand, in terms of Lamb wave propagation. It is based upon the study of the derivatives of the reflection coefficient phase, considered either as a function of a frequency variable or as a function of an angular variable. When the Breit–Wigner approximation is valid, i.e., when the poles of the reflection coefficient are close to the real axis, the comparison with the resonant scattering theory (RST) leads to the characterization of frequency or angular resonances in terms of positions and widths, by means of the location and of the magnitude of the phase derivative peaks. Moreover, this method allows one to establish the important link between this resonant theory derived from the RST and the normal mode theory of propagation. So, the width of a resonance is explicitly related to the imaginary part of the wave vector of the assoc.
Association between reasons for not working and reporting of major depression and anxiety symptoms among U.S. adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract COVID-19 continues to take a large toll on the mental health of the not working population, particularly of those who were unable to work. This study, using the Household Pulse Survey, estimated the association between reasons for not working and major depression and anxiety symptoms (MDAS). The lowest MDAS was reported by retirees. Individuals who were unable to work because of transportation problems, layoffs, COVID-19 concerns, and sickness or disability reported the highest MDAS. Mediation analysis showed that the direct and indirect effects of reasons for not working were much higher for those individuals who were unable to work than for individuals who were working or decided not to work.
Duality for Hadamard products with applications to extremal problems for functions regular in the unit disc

Let A be the set of functions regular in the unit disc U and AO the set of all functions f E A which satisfy f(0) = 1. For V C Ao define the dual set V* = {f E AOIf * g 0 for all g E V, z E U}, V ** = (V *)*. Here f * g denotes the Hadamard product. THEOREM. Let V C Ao have the following properties: (i) V is compact, (ii) f E V implies f(xz) E V for all Ix 6 1. Then X(V) = X(V ** ) for all continuous linear functionals A on A. This theorem has many applications to functions in A which are defined by properties like bounded real part, close-to-convexity, univalence etc. Introduction. Let f(z) = 1k a z* be regular for Iz I <R1, g(Z) = i-o bkzk regular for Iz I < R2. The Hadamard product of f and g is defined by (f * g)(z) = F-00 akbkz k. This new function is regular for Iz I < R1R2. Let U be the unit disc {Iz I < 1}, U its closure. By A, A we denote the set of functions regular in U and L respectively. Furthermore let Ao be the subset of A whose elements f(z) are normalized by f(0) = 1. In this paper we introduce a certain duality between subsets of Ao by means of the Hadamard product: DEFINITION. For V C AO, we call the set V = g E Ao If * g L 0 for allf E V, z E U} dual to V. We are interested in relations between V and V** = (V*)*. In general, V** is much greater than V, but a lot of properties of V remain valid in V**. Our main result, although its proof is simple, has many applications to classes of functions which are defined by properties like bounded real part, convexity, starlikeness, close-to-convexity, univalence etc. A special case of our method was already treated in [10]. The applications that we give in the second section of this paper are numerous, and some new and perhaps interesting information is given. Nevertheless they are merely thought to be examples illustrating the method, and much work remains to be done. Received by the editors March 6, 1974 and, in revised form, June 3, 1974. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 30A40, 30A32.
Higgs-boson effects in grand unified theories

It is argued that fine tuning of a minimal set of parameters, needed to fix the hierarchy of gauge-boson masses and a knowledge of intermediate symmetry groups, leads to ''natural'' mass scales for physical Higgs bosons in grand unified theories. This is applied to . delta.B = 2 transitions in models based on SU(5), SO(10), SU(16), and (SU(2N))/sup 4/. It turns out that the Higgs bosons which mediate . delta.B = 2 neutron-antineutron and hydrogen-antihydrogen oscillations become superheavy, and so such transitions can be observable only in theories with low unification scales, such as SU(16) and (SU(8))/sup 4/, if we adhere to the hypothesis of minimal fine tuning.
Most Typical 12 Resonant Perturbation of the Hydrogen Atom by Weak Electric and Magnetic Fields

We study a perturbation of the hydrogen atom by small homogeneous static electric and magnetic fields in a specific mutual alignment with angle approximately pi/3 which results in the 12 resonance of the linearized Keplerian n-shell approximation. The bifurcation diagram of the classical integrable approximation has for most such field configurations the same typical structure that we describe. The structure of the corresponding quantum energy spectrum, which we describe in detail, is in certain ways an analogue of the well-known degeneracy found by Herrick [Phys. Rev. A 26, 323 (1982)] for the quadratic Zeeman effect.
18F-sodium fluoride bone deposition quantitation with PET in Mice: Variation with age, sex, and circadian rhythm

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to establish a data base for normal 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) bone uptake as a function of age, sex and circadian rhythm in mice. Methods In 12 female (F) and 12 male (M) C57BL/6N mice PET images were acquired 90 min after intravenous injection of 20 MBq 18F-NaF for 30 minutes. Each mouse was imaged in follow-up studies at 1, 3, 6, 13 and 21 months of age. In order to assess for physiologic changes related to circadian rhythm, animals were imaged during light (sleep phase) as well as during night conditions (awake phase). Bone uptake is described as the median percentage of the injected activity (%IA) and in relation to bone volume (%IA/ml). Results A significant smaller bone volume was found in F (1.79 ml) compared to M (1.99 ml; p < 0.001). In sex-pooled data, highest bone uptake occurred at an age of 1 month (61.1 %IA, 44.5 %IA/ml) with a significant reduction (p < 0.001) at age 3 months (43.6 %IA, 23.6 %IA/ml), followed by an increase between 13 (47.3 %IA, 24.5 %IA/ml) and 21 months (52.2 %IA, 28.1 %IA/ml). F had a significantly higher total uptake (F 48.2 %IA, M 43.8 %IA; p = 0.026) as well as a higher uptake per ml bone tissue (F 27.0 %IA/ml; M 22.4 %IA/ml; p < 0.001). A significant impact of circadian rhythm was only found for F at ages of 3 and 6 months with a higher uptake during the sleep phase. Conclusion Circadian rhythm had a significant impact on uptake only in F of 3 and 6 months. Regarding sex, F showed generally higher uptake rates than M. The highest uptake values were observed during bone growth at age 1 month in both sexes, a second uptake peak occurred in elderly F. Designing future bone uptake studies with M, attention must be paid to age only, while in F circadian rhythm and age must be taken into account.
The Utility of Intervening Constructs in Experiments

The interpretation of experimental manipulations and the precise relation. ship of that interpretation to the observed effects are two major problems facing experimental procedures designed to test social theory. The results of the present study indicate that careful measurement of intervening attitudinal constructs is useful in dealing with these problems. Not only is the predictive power of the experimental model increased, but theoretical assumptions which usually remain untested in experimental research are clarified and explicitly tested. In particular, attention to dimensionality, validity, and reliability of intervening attitudinal constructs avoided serious misinterpretation of the intervening process in the experimental situation and the associated inference to the applicability of the theory.
REVISED ORBITS OF SATURN'S SMALL INNER SATELLITES

We have updated the orbits of the small inner Saturnian satellites using additional Cassini imaging observations through 2007 March. Statistically significant changes from previously published values appear in the eccentricities and inclinations of Pan and Daphnis, but only small changes have been found in the estimated orbits of the other satellites. We have also improved our knowledge of the masses of Janus and Epimetheus as a result of their close encounter observed in early 2006.
Historical developments in the control of noise generated by small air‐moving devices

The scaling laws for air‐moving device noise developed by R. D. Madison form a useful starting point in the development of techniques for the control of air‐moving device noise. The commercial building boom after World War II provided the impetus for research into air‐moving device noise, and the increase in the use of home air‐conditioning systems provided the motivation for further research. Beginning in the 1960s, noise generated by computing machinery became important, and the development of air‐cooled computing equipment provided a further stimulus to noise control research. Developments in the control of air‐moving device noise are reviewed with emphasis on scaling laws, dimensional analysis techniques, mechanisms of noise generation, noise emission measurements, noise reduction techniques, design guidelines, and system effects. Some suggestions for future research on air‐moving device noise are given.
Electrical Properties of Semiconductor Photodiodes with Semitransparent Films

High speed photodiodes with semitransparent film-semiconductor junctions, which behave as Schottky barriers, are designed and prepared. The optimized width of the depletion layer of the photodiode is calculated for the selected cut-off frequency. The relations between transmittance and sheet resistivity are studied with some films of semiconducting compounds, which affect the gain and response time of photodiodes. The photodiodes, fabricated by the deposition of the semitransparent films of CdS or CU2Se on Si, have high frequency response and the cut-off frequency of Cu2Se-n.Si photodiodes is higher than 4 GHz.
Time-of-Flight Analyses for the Gravitational Capture Maneuver

Several aspects of thetimeof e ightinvolved in theproblem of gravitational capturein the regularized, restricted three-body problem are studied. A gravitational capture occurs when a massless particle changes its two-body energy around onecelestialbody from positiveto negativewithouttheuseofnongravitationalforces.Theimportance ofseveralparametersinvolvedina captureintheEarth ‐moon systemisstudied.In particular,thetimerequiredfor the capture is studied under different initial conditions. This information is very important for mission designers for two reasons: 1 ) the time for gravitational capture has an impact in the duration of any mission that uses this technique; and 2 ) the gravitational capture is a very sensitive phenomenon and, if the time involved is too large, perturbations from different sources may ine uence the mission too much. The results showtheexistenceof regions where the time for the capture is reduced by a factor close to 10 with an adequate choice of initial conditions, without the reduction of the energy savings. In addition, the results are used to solve a family of optimization problems, such as the problem of e nding trajectories that can perform a gravitational capture in a minimum time with a e xed savings or with maximum savings with an upper time limit.
Dealiased convolutions for pseudospectral simulations

Efficient algorithms have recently been developed for calculating dealiased linear convolution sums without the expense of conventional zero-padding or phase-shift techniques. For one-dimensional in-place convolutions, the memory requirements are identical with the zero-padding technique, with the important distinction that the additional work memory need not be contiguous with the input data. This decoupling of data and work arrays dramatically reduces the memory and computation time required to evaluate higher-dimensional in-place convolutions. The memory savings is achieved by computing the in-place Fourier transform of the data in blocks, rather than all at once. The technique also allows one to dealias the n-ary convolutions that arise on Fourier transforming cubic and higher powers. Implicitly dealiased convolutions can be built on top of state-of-the-art adaptive fast Fourier transform libraries like FFTW. Vectorized multidimensional implementations for the complex and centered Hermitian (pseudospectral) cases have already been implemented in the open-source software FFTW++. With the advent of this library, writing a high-performance dealiased pseudospectral code for solving nonlinear partial differential equations has now become a relatively straightforward exercise. New theoretical estimates of computational complexity and memory use are provided, including corrected timing results for 3D pruned convolutions and further consideration of higher-order convolutions.
Optically controlled holographic beam splitter

We present the results of realization and study of a light beam splitting effect based on a full-optically controlled holographic diffraction grating. The high quality, light responsive, periodic structure, which is exploited as tunable beam splitter, is monitored by combining its zero and first diffracted orders in a Mach–Zehnder geometry interferometer. The interference pattern exhibits a dependence of the fringe visibility on the external optical pump power utilized to drive the splitting effect. The visibility, characterized by means of a standard pump-probe optical setup, reveals a strong dependence on the polarization of the probe radiation and on its incident angle as well. The effect is reversible and repeatable, and shows a continuously adjustable fringe visibility in the range 0.94–0.2, with response times in the millisecond range.
Birefringence analysis in photonic crystal fibers with germanium-doped core

We present the results of numerical analysis of birefringence in photonic crystal fibers with germanium-doped inclusions in the core. In such fibers, geometrical birefringence induced by holey cladding interplays with the birefringence induced by shape and composition of doped inclusions. The latter gives rise also to stress birefringence associated with different thermal expansion coefficients in doped and non-doped regions. In our analysis, we consider elliptical and circular inclusions and demonstrate that, by proper selection of the inclusions’ geometry, it is possible to increase significantly the phase modal birefringence to a level greater than 10−4 in the short wavelength range. Moreover, it is possible to shape the dispersion of the phase modal birefringence in such a way that the group birefringence crosses zero value at a certain wavelength.