Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking sentiment analysis methods for large-scale texts: A case for using continuum-scored words and word shift graphs

The emergence and global adoption of social media has rendered possible the real-time estimation of population-scale sentiment, bearing profound implications for our understanding of human behavior. Given the growing assortment of sentiment measuring instruments, comparisons between them are evidently required. Here, we perform detailed tests of 6 dictionary-based methods applied to 4 different corpora, and briefly examine a further 20 methods. We show that a dictionary-based method will only perform both reliably and meaningfully if (1) the dictionary covers a sufficiently large enough portion of a given text's lexicon when weighted by word usage frequency; and (2) words are scored on a continuous scale.
« L'impact des règles de prêts hypothécaires sur l'offre de travail des femmes au Canada : évidence paramétrique et non paramétrique »

Cet article utilise des statistiques descriptives, des regressions flexibles de type noyau et des modeles a formes reduites pour montrer que des variables reliees aux conditions hypothecaires, en particulier une variable qui capture les exigences de revenu relatives aux prets hypothecaires, ont un impact important sur l’offre de travail des femmes au Canada. Dans un modele a formes reduites du nombre de semaines travaillees par l’epouse, l’impact positif de cette contrainte a l’emprunt excede l’effet negatif de la variable enfants d’âge prescolaire. Ce resultat ne peut etre attribue a un probleme d’endogeneite des variables hypothecaires. En effet, on ne peut rejeter l’exogeneite faible de la variable qui capture le test du revenu de la procedure d’acces au pret hypothecaire, lorsqu’on utilise une procedure a deux etapes qui se sert des residus generalises pour effectuer un test de specification a la Hausman.
Principles of questionnaire construction

Purpose: The cognitive goal of this article is to enrich the knowledge of the principles for constructing survey questionnaires and answer the question “what principles should researchers obey while constructing a questionnaire”. The utilitarian goal consists in the indication of errors and problems that researchers may face while creating a questionnaire as well as presentation of the possible effects of failing to obey the principles of questionnaire design in relation to the quality of research. Introduction: Appropriate preparation of a questionnaire is the most important factor which determines the success of the study. Some examples of the mistakes that can be made by a questionnaire designer are: too long questionnaires, wrong order of the questions and the lack of significant questions that may be needed to outline the problem comprehensively. If a survey is boring, tedious or confusing the respondents are less engaged in fulfilling it. Sometimes, in order to complete it faster, they give random answers. To avoid these errors the researchers should follow the principles of designing questionnaires.
Time-of-day dependence of isokinetic leg strength and associated interday variability.

The purpose of this study was to assess the interday variability and time-of-day effects on selected isokinetic leg strength indices. Nine adult collegiate sportsmen (mean(s.e.) age 19.6(0.5) years; mean(s.e.) height 1.81(0.02) m; mean(s.e.) body mass 76.5(3.1) kg) completed a series of nine test sessions, organized so that each subject was tested three times within a day (08.00-09.00 hours; 13.00-14.00 hours; 18.00-19.30 hours), on three occasions, each separated by a minimum of 7 days. Gravity-corrected indices of extension peak torque (EPT), flexion peak torque (FPT), and the peak torque ratio (PTR), at contraction velocities of 1.05 rad s-1 and 3.14 rad s-1, were calculated for each subject using an isokinetic dynamometer. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance of coefficient of variation (V%) scores revealed no significant differences in performance variability across within-subject factors of time-of-day and performance index (P > 0.05). Overall mean(s.e.) V% for scores across experimental conditions were 3.97(0.72)% at 1.05 rad s-1 and 5.98(1.23)% at 3.14 rad s-1, suggesting that similar levels of measurement error occur between 08.00-19.30 hours. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance of absolute strength indices (EPT, FPT and PTR) revealed that significantly higher scores were achieved during session 3 (18.00-19.30 hours), with mean(s.e.) values of 249.1(40.0) N m, 149.0(32.3) N m, 59.5(5.0)% at 1.05 rad s-1, and 172.1(38.7) N m, 121.3(27.7) N m, 71.1(6.2)% at 3.14 rad s-1, respectively (P < 0.05). This finding appears to be consistent with current knowledge about time-of-day effects on the assessment of muscular strength. Thus for stable and maximal values to be obtained during isokinetic leg testing, the use of multiple-trial protocols is recommended, with testing occurring as close to 18.00-19.30 hours as possible. In addition, the observed significant time-of-day effect suggests that appropriate comparison of maximal isokinetic leg strength can only be achieved based on data obtained within 30 min of the same time of day.
DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING OF A SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK FOR THE AOCS Summary Report

Software frameworks are a reuse technology that makes architectural (as opposed to code) reuse possible. They have been successfully applied in the desktop and commercial arena. The sudden expansion in on-board memory and CPU resources subsequent to the space qualification of the ERC32 processor means that they can now be applied to space systems. This document describes the results of a project that investigated the application of framework technology to satellite on-board software. In the first part of the project, a prototype component-based framework for the Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem (AOCS) was developed. The framework was initially developed in C++ and tested on an ERC32 simulator. In the second part of the study, the AOCS Framework was ported to a real-time version of Java. www.aut. ee.ethz. ch Software Framework for the AOCS IFA/02/AOCS/001 6 May 2002 Issue 1.0 Page 3
Get Your Facts Right: Preschoolers Systematically Extend Both Object Names and Category-Relevant Facts

There is an ongoing debate over the extent to which language development shares common processing mechanisms with other domains of learning. It is well-established that toddlers will systematically extend object labels to similarly shaped category exemplars (e.g., Markman and Hutchinson, 1984; Landau et al., 1988). However, previous research is inconclusive as to whether young children will similarly extend factual information about an object to other category members. We explicitly contrast facts varying in category relevance, and test for extension using two different tasks. Three- to four-year-olds (N = 61) were provided with one of three types of information about a single novel object: a category-relevant fact (‘it’s from a place called Modi’), a category-irrelevant fact (‘my uncle gave it to me’), or an object label (‘it’s called a Modi’). At test, children provided with the object name or category-relevant fact were significantly more likely to display systematic category extension than children who learnt the category-irrelevant fact. Our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that the mechanisms responsible for word learning may be domain-general in nature.
Assessing Scleral Contact Lens Satisfaction in a Keratoconus Population

Purpose To assess perceived comfort and related experiences of adapted keratoconic scleral contact lens (17–18.2 mm) wearers with a history of wearing other contact lens modalities and to compare these subjective clinical effects with previous experiences. Methods Twenty-four keratocones were recruited, signed an informed consent approved by the University Internal Review Board, and were asked to complete a survey and a dry eye questionnaire. Results Previous lens wearing experience included soft, piggy back, and hybrid lenses but predominantly was corneal gas permeable. An overwhelming majority strongly preferred the comfort and vision with the scleral contact lenses. This cohort of keratoconus patients were on average dry eye suspects according to a dry eye questionnaire but contained individuals with either normal or significantly dry eye scores. However, patients stated that they experienced less dryness with their scleral lenses, but slightly more than half of these patients experienced, at least occasionally, midday fogging. Conclusions The scleral contact lenses are extremely well accepted by keratoconic patients because of comfort and vision these devices provide. For many patients, they offer further relief from dryness symptoms. However, midday fogging remains a limitation for many wearers.
Symbiotic transformations: youth, global media and indigenous culture in Malta

The article explores the impact of global commercial media on young people’s developing perceptions of their own cultural identity. It works from the premise that local cultures are not so much getting replaced by ‘global culture’ as inflecting it by coexisting with it. The discussion draws on data collected in the course of focus group interviews with young adults living in the Mediterranean island of Malta, in order to stress the specificity with which young people from different cultural contexts consume global media. I argue that, as in other postcolonial communities, though the choices available to Maltese youth have become strongly inflected (or ‘hybridized’) by the commercial imperatives of global media, the ways in which they are appropriated and played out retain very idiosyncratic characteristics, which mark them out as uniquely Maltese.
Pipelining designs with loop-carried dependencies

This work explores the reconfigurable dataflow approach in producing efficient hardware pipelines for programs with loop-carry dependencies in nested loops. Reconfigurable dataflow combines static and dynamic scheduling, and employs tagged tokens to enable reassembling of results which can retire out of order. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated using a fractal set generator and a Newton-Raphson root polisher: implementations targeting Xilinx Virtex and Virtex-II FPGAs can run up to 55 times faster than hardware pipelines developed using other methods, at the expense of a 50% increase in area.
CAUSAL MODELS : THE MEANINGFUL INFORMATION OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

This paper claims that causal model theory describes the meaningful information of probability distributions after a factorization. If the minimal factorization of a distribution is incompressible, its Kolmogorov minimal sufficient statistics, the parents lists, can be represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We showed that a faithful Bayesian network is a minimal factorization and that a Bayesian network with random and unrelated conditional probability distributions (CPDs) is faithful and thus a minimal factorization. The validity of faithfulness depends on the presence of other regularities. The Bayesian network is a canonical representation, it uniquely decomposes the distribution into independent submodels, the CPDs. In absence of further information, we may assume modularity and that the model offers a good hypothesis about the underlying mechanisms of the system.
Perceptions of Conflict and Success in Information Systems Development Projects

Previous research on the development of information systems has focused on the conflicts among participants and the consequences of satisfactory resolution of those conflicts. In this paper, we test a model of conflict during system development [40, 41]. As specified, the model proposed relationships among participation, influence, conflict, and conflict resolution. We extend the model to include project success as an outcome variable. A sample of 84 participants in 17 system development projects in 3 organizations was surveyed. Results support the portions of the model reported earlier [41], show a strong positive relationship between conflict resolution and project success, and show a modest positive relationship between participation and project success.
The Eigenfactor MetricsTM: A Network Approach to Assessing Scholarly Journals

Limited time and budgets have created a legitimate need for quantitative measures of scholarly work. The well-known journal impact factor is the leading measure of this sort; here we describe an alternative approach based on the full structure of the scholarly citation network. The Eigenfactor and Article Influence Score use an iterative ranking scheme similar to Google's PageRank algorithm. With this approach, citations from top journals are weighted more heavily than citations from lower-tier publications. We describe these metrics and the rankings that they provide.
Reactive stepping strategies for bipedal walking based on neutral point and boundary condition optimization

Generating a physically feasible pair of motion pattern and force pattern for walking motions of a humanoid robot can be analyzed as a two point boundary value problem. The final boundary condition plays a critical role as the state trajectory depends on it and the remaining time to the goal. In this paper, the effect of the boundary condition is exploited to compensate disturbances during the walking motion and two strategies to modify it are proposed. The first one is based on the neutral point condition and it prioritizes stabilization in one step. The second one is based on an optimal formulation which can include future steps in the cost function. The unilateral constraint on the reaction force and the kinematic workspace are taken into account to compare both reactive control methods.
Different pulse shapes to obtain small fiber selective activation by anodal blocking-a simulation study

The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to reduce a charge per pulse, which is needed for selective nerve stimulation. Simulation is performed using a two-part simulation model: a volume conductor model to calculate the electrical potential distribution inside a tripolar cuff electrode and a human fiber model to simulate the fiber response to simulation. Selective stimulation is obtained by anodal block. To obtain anodal block of large fibers, long square pulses (>350 /spl mu/s) with a relatively high currents (1-2.5 mA) are usually required. These pulses might not be safe for a long-term application because of a high charge per pulse. In this study, several pulse shapes are proposed that have less charge per pulse compared with the conventional square pulse and would therefore be safer in a chronic application. Compared with the conventional square pulse, it was possible to reduce the charge with all proposed pulse shapes, but the best results are obtained with a combination of a square depolarizing pulse and a blocking pulse. The charge per pulse was up to 32% less with that pulse shape than with a square pulse. Using a hyperpolarizing anodal prepulse preceding a square pulse, it was not possible to block nerve fibers in a whole nerve bundle and to obtain reduction of a charge per phase. Reduction of the charge could be achieved only with spatially selective blocking. The charge per phase was larger for the combination of a hyperpolarizing anodal prepulse and a two-step pulse than for the two-step pulse alone.
Semelhança e diferença nas relações entre grupos sociais

O discurso corrente dos Portugueses sobre outros grupos sociais, nomeadamente sobre imigrantes, é frequentemente marcado por dinâmicas de semelhança e diferença. Ora se ouve um discurso exaltado sobre como, por exemplo, os muçulmanos têm uma cultura e costumes tão diferentes dos “nossos”, ora se ouve como Portugueses e Brasileiros são semelhantes, partilhando tanto a lingua como um gosto pela hospitalidade. Que estas diferenças e semelhanças existam não é tão importante como o facto de as pessoas pensarem que essas existem efectivamente. E estas percepções de semelhança e diferença entre grupos sociais têm um forte impacto nas atitudes (positivas ou negativas) que os grupos têm em relação a outros grupos. É neste sentido que a literatura em psicologia social atribui um papel central a estes conceitos. Este artigo pretende, assim, apresentar sucintamente o que a psicologia social tem mostrado sobre a relação entre percepção de semelhança/diferença2 e atitudes face a outros grupos (atitudes intergrupais).
Sports Injury, the Pain Principle, and the Promise of Reform

It has been said that the fish are the last ones to discover the ocean. And so it is with patriarchy. During the 19th century, a few social philosophers in France and England, as well as leading thinkers and activists in the suffrage and women’s movement in the United States, began to “perceive” the ocean of patriarchy and to describe its workings and gender politics. Feminisms evolved during the 20th century and culminated in women’s studies, feminist theory, and later gender studies. But the recognition of feminist scholarship as bona fide social theory that explains human behavior and social processes has been hobbled by its ideological moorings and presumed lack of scientific rigor. Ironically, it has been scientific method and evidence-based research that have, during the latter 20th century, begun to shore up the explanatory power and theoretical claims of what are now called “gender theories. ” One application of gender theory has been applied to understanding variations in women’s and men’s health (Payne, 2006; Sabo, 2005). In this article I reflect on Mariah Burton Nelson’s keynote, “The Damage I Have Done to Myself: Physical Intelligence Among College Athletes” within a sociocultural analysis of sports injury that takes gender relations and male-dominated social organizations (i.e., patriarchy) into account. Within the biomedical model, sports injuries are explained basically as physiological processes. An orthopedic surgeon or athletic trainer brings a clinical sensibility to understanding sports injury. Psychologists work with the emotional facets of sports injury. Sociologists study the institutional contexts and cultural practices that give rise to and surround sports injury. In the end, the injured ankle or arthritic knee is attached to an individual psychology or personal identity that, in turn, develops within a culture and hierarchical gender order. Mariah Burton Nelson’s knee injuries and subsequent chronic pain can be partly understood within this larger context.
Two Theories of Home Heat Control

People routinely develop their own theories to explain the world around them. These theories can be useful even when they contradict conventional technical wisdom. Based on in-depth interviews about home heating and thermostat setting behavior, the present study presents two theories people use to understand and adjust their thermostats. The two theories are here called the feedback theory and the valve theory. The valve theory is inconsistent with engineering knowledge, but is estimated to be held by 25% to 50% of Americans. Predictions of each of the theories are compared with the operations normally performed in home heat control. This comparison suggests that the valve theory may be highly functional in normal day-to-day use. Further data is needed on the ways this theory guides behavior in natural environments.
Goldleaf hierarchical document browser

A two-dimensional, zoomable, space filling user interface is presented for browsing conventional, hierarchical file system. Through user studies, the Goldleaf browser was compared with the widely used Microsoft Windows Explorer user interface. The times and number of mouse clicks to locate directories and files were recorded. The user studies found that the Goldleaf browser required less than half the mouse clicks to locate a directory compared with Windows Explorer. Through the use of document thumbnails, subjects were able to locate documents in less than two-thirds the time that it took using Windows Explorer. A majority of subjects felt that the ability of the Goldleaf browser to display multiple levels of the file system simultaneously was its most beneficial feature in completing the tasks. Subjects found that the Goldleaf browser required less mental and physical effort and was more enjoyable to use than Explorer.
Metabolic Changes in Avena sativa Crowns Recovering from Freezing

Extensive research has been conducted on cold acclimation and freezing tolerance of fall-sown cereal plants due to their economic importance; however, little has been reported on the biochemical changes occurring over time after the freezing conditions are replaced by conditions favorable for recovery and growth such as would occur during spring. In this study, GC-MS was used to detect metabolic changes in the overwintering crown tissue of oat (Avena sativa L.) during a fourteen day time-course after freezing. Metabolomic analysis revealed increases in most amino acids, particularly proline, 5-oxoproline and arginine, which increased greatly in crowns that were frozen compared to controls and correlated very significantly with days after freezing. In contrast, sugar and sugar related metabolites were little changed by freezing, except sucrose and fructose which decreased dramatically. In frozen tissue all TCA cycle metabolites, especially citrate and malate, decreased in relation to unfrozen tissue. Alterations in some amino acid pools after freezing were similar to those observed in cold acclimation whereas most changes in sugar pools after freezing were not. These similarities and differences suggest that there are common as well as unique genetic mechanisms between these two environmental conditions that are crucial to the winter survival of plants.
Tests cognitifs de dépistage CODEX et MoCA chez l’adulte présentant une surdité évolutive

CONTEXTE : Un lien a ete montre entre le vieillissement auditif et le vieillissement cognitif. OBJECTIF : L’objectif de cette etude est de determiner si les capacites cognitives des patients presbyacousiques, evaluees avec les tests CODEX et MoCA, sont differentes de celles des sujets normo-entendants de meme âge. METHODE : Les performances auditives de 40 patients adultes presentant une surdite profonde evolutive ont ete testees lors d’un bilan pre-implantation avec des listes de syllabes, de mots et de phrases proposees en modalite auditive et avec les tests cognitifs de depistage CODEX et MoCA proposes en modalite visuelle. RESULTATS : Le profil cognitif des sujets presbyacousiques est different des normo-entendants, les epreuves testant les fonctions executives et la memoire episodique apparaissant discriminantes chez ces patients. CONCLUSION : Les tests cognitifs de depistage MoCA et Codex, simples et rapides, pourront etre utilises dans le suivi longitudinal des sujets implantes cochleaires afin de confirmer l’amelioration des fonctions cognitives grâce a la rehabilitation auditive.
An Analysis of Node-Based Cluster Summation Rules in the Quasicontinuum Method

We investigate two examples of node-based cluster summation rules that have been proposed for the quasicontinuum (QC) method: a force-based approach and an energy-based approach which is a generalization of the nonlocal QC method. We show that, even for the case of nearest-neighbor interaction in a one-dimensional periodic chain, both of these approaches create large errors that cannot be removed by increasing the cluster size when used with graded and, more generally, nonsmooth meshes. We offer some suggestions for how the accuracy of (cluster) summation rules may be improved.