Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polynomials of a Stochastic Matrix and Strong Stochastic Bounds

Bounding by stochastic comparison is a promising technique for performance evaluation since it enables the verification of performance measures efficiently. To improve the accuracy of this technique, preprocessing of a stochastic matrix before computing a strong stochastic bound is considered. Using results from linear algebra, it is shown that some polynomials of the stochastic matrix give more accurate bounds. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the ideas, and a stochastic interpretation is provided.
Distal Anterior Interosseous Nerve in the Recurrent Motor Branch Graft for Reconstruction of a Median Nerve Neuroma-in-Continuity

Median nerves with neuromas-in-continuity are preferably managed by the identi-ﬁcation and preservation of the functioning motor fascicles proximal and distal to the neuroma. The non-functioning, painful sensory ﬁbers are divided proximally and distally and are reconstructed with nerve grafts. In cases where the proximal motor fascicle may not be safely and effectively isolated because of scarring or previous surgical intervention, the distal anterior interosseous nerve (dAIN) may be grafted to the recurrent motor branch of the median (RMB) nerve distal to the neuroma. The primarily motor ﬁbers of the dAIN provide an expendable donor of adequate size and fascicle number to restore thenar muscle function.
Plasma High Harmonic Generation and Single Attosecond Pulse Emission from Ultraintense Laser Pulses

The thesis is devoted to the analytical and numerical studies of high-order harmonic generation and super-intense single attosecond pulse emission via ultra-relativistic laserplasma interaction. In the ultra-relativistic regime, the laser radiation pressure induces plasma ion motion through the so called hole-boring effect, resulting in frequency widening of the harmonic spectra. This widening, analyzed analytically and validated by particle-in-cell simulations, produces a quasi-continuous frequency spectrum, a prerequisite for generating an intense single attosecond pulse. Based on the results and physical considerations, parameter maps highlighting the optimum regions for generating a single intense attosecond pulse and coherent XUV radiation are presented. Moreover, a robust plasma gating is developed to generate a super-intense phase-stabilized single attosecond pulse. The hole-boring effect limits the most efficient high-frequency emission in one laser cycle making it possible to isolate a single attosecond pulse. The generated pulse is characterized by a stabilized spectral phase ψ(ω) ≈ ±π/2 and an ultra-broad exponential spectrum up to keV region bounded by ROM scaling and CSE scaling. The unprecedented intensity highlights the potential of the isolated attosecond pulse for performing attosecond-pump attosecond-probe experiments. Within the framework of this thesis, the following article was published in refereed journal: • Plasma High-order-harmonic Generation from Ultraintense Laser Pulses [1] Suo Tang, Naveen Kumar, and Christoph H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. E 95, 051201(R) (2017). Within the framework of this thesis, the following article was submitted for publication in refereed journal: • Super-intense Single Attosecond Pulse Generation by Plasma Gating [2] Suo Tang, Naveen Kumar, arXiv:1803.02121 (2018). Articles in preparation: • Analytical Model for Pulse Emission from Plasma Surface Electron Layer [3] Suo Tang, Naveen Kumar • Collisional Effect on Plasma High-order Harmonic Generation [4] Suo Tang
Clinical practice guidelines to prevent hospital falls: protocol for a systematic review

Background Hospital falls are a major global problem responsible for considerable morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Clinical practice guidelines for hospital falls prevention, facilitate the implementation of falls prevention research into practice, through the provision of evidence-based recommendations to mitigate the risk of falls. The review aims to identify, synthesise, appraise, and compare published clinical practice guidelines on hospital falls prevention. Methods and analysis The databases of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, PEDro, Web of Science, Infobase of Clinical Practice Guidelines, and Epistemonikos will be searched for clinical practice guidelines published between 1993 and 2023. The quality of the guidelines will be evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Global Rating Scale and Recommendation EXcellence tools. A thematic synthesis will be performed on the content of the included clinical practice guidelines. The synthesis findings will be graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research approach. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required for the review. The review will be submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal.
AUTOPHAGY BIOMARKERS SQSTM1/P62 AND BECLIN-1 EXPRESSION IN BREAST CARCINOMA AND THEIR CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

Background: Clarifying the different mechanisms of molecular carcinogenesis of breast carcinoma could enable its better management, improving its prognosis and decreasing patient’s mortality. Autophagy is the process of lysosomal degradation which could remove the damaged components so as to preserve cells homeostasis. Autophagy had a complicated role in cancer as it might inhibit or stimulate cancer progression which depend on the type of cancer. Several proteins which control autophagy had been discovered in human cells such as Beclin-1and SQSTM1/p62 that played important roles in autophagy. aimed to assess expressions of autophagy markers SQSTM1/p62 and Beclin-1 in breast carcinoma comparing expression of both markers with clinicopathological parameters of that type of cancer. For advanced stage of breast carcinoma was 85.5 and the specificity was 97.9. We found an inverse relationship between p62 and Beclin-1 (Spearman’s r= – 0.806), Conclusion: SQSTM1-p62 over expression is a marker of poor prognosis, but Beclin-1 overexpression was a marker of good prognosis in breast carcinoma.
Hydrodynamics of flexible fins propelled in tandem, diagonal, triangular and diamond configurations

A fish may gain hydrodynamic benefits from being a member of a school. Inspired by fish schools, a two-dimensional simulation was performed for flexible fins propelled in tandem, diagonal, triangular and diamond configurations. The flow-mediated interactions between the flexible fins were analysed by using an immersed boundary method. A transverse heaving motion was prescribed on the leading edge of each fin, and other posterior parts passively adapted to the surrounding fluid as a result of the fluid–flexible-body interaction. The flexible fins were allowed to actively adjust their relative positions in the horizontal direction. The four basic stable configurations are spontaneously formed and self-sustained purely by the vortex–vortex and vortex–body interactions. The hydrodynamic benefits depend greatly on the local positions of the members. For the same heaving motion prescribed on the leading edge, the input power of the following fin in the stable tandem and diagonal configurations is lower by 14 % and 6 %, respectively, than that of the leading fin. The following fin in the diagonal formation can keep pace with the leading fin even for reduced heaving amplitudes because of the help of the leader via their shared fluid environment, where its required input power is reduced by 21 %. The heaving amplitudes of the trailing fins are reduced to optimize the propulsive efficiency, and the average efficiencies in the triangular and diamond configurations increase by up to 14 % and 19 %, respectively, over that of the isolated swimmer. The propulsive efficiencies are enhanced by 22 % for the fins in the second row and by 36 % for the fin in the third row by decreasing the heaving amplitude in the diamond formation.
An analytic method for spectrum recovery from wedge or staircase spectrometers

Wedge or staircase micro-optics have become important components for building miniature optical spectrometers. These devices create spectral discrimination through interference between beams resulting from reflections at the surfaces of the optic. The literature has examples of low reflectance wedge spectrometer system where the Fourier transform is used to recover the spectrum (with no inherent bandwidth limit), and high-reflectance, band-limited simplex spectrometers where no data processing is required. Instruments in the first category tend to be for the thermal infrared range, and instruments in the second category are more often encountered in the visible band. This second category includes linear variable filters and discrete etalon staircases. Though in practice, the signal treatment for these two types of spectrometers is radically different, the underlying interference mechanism is identical. It follows, that a single signal processing algorithm must exist which correctly treats the two types of signals. We present a mathematical description of the signal model for such spectrometers. We show that in the case of spectrally uniform reflectance, the signal has a specific relationship to the spectrum’s Fourier transform. We cast the spectral recovery problem as a matrix inversion, and derive formulas for calculating the solution matrix. The solution matrix is shown to yield the exact spectrum when applied to modeled wedge spectrometer signals in both low and high reflectance cases.
Partitioned second order method for magnetohydrodynamics in Elsässer variables

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) studies the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids, involving Navier-Stokes equations coupled with Maxwell equations via Lorentz force and Ohm's law. Monolithic methods, which solve fully coupled MHD systems, are computationally expensive. Partitioned methods, on the other hand, decouple the full system and solve subproblems in parallel, and thus reduce the computational cost. This paper is devoted to the design and analysis of a partitioned method for the MHD system in the Elsasser variables. The stability analysis shows that for magnetic Prandtl number of order unity, the method is unconditionally stable. We prove the error estimates and present computational tests that support the theory.
Chimerism after Vascularized Limb Versus Bone Marrow Transplantation

This study used quantitative PCR in the murine model to compare the ability of a limb allograft vs. a comparable dose of marrow suspension to induce chimerism. Female C57Bl/6 mice received a vascularized hindlimb allograft, a comparable dose of 5 (cid:1) 10 6 donor bone marrow cells, or a standard dose (20 (cid:1) 10 6 ) of marrow suspension from male Balb/c donors. All recipients were treated with a regimen based on CD40 costimulation blockade and T cell depletion. Y chromosome-speciﬁc quantitative PCR was used to measure chimerism. Most recipients of limb allografts demonstrated low levels of chimerism after 1 week (3/4) and 1 month (3/4). Most recipients of 5 (cid:1) 10 6 marrow cells had low levels of chimerism at 1 week (4/6) and only 1/5 after 1 month. All recipients of 20 (cid:1) 10 6 cells except one demonstrated either low or high levels of chimerism after 1 week (5/5) and 1 month (5/6). The marrow component of a limb allograft is thus more effective at inducing microchimerism compared to a comparable dose of bone marrow suspension.
Existence and Multiplicity of Solutions for Nonlinear Elliptic Problems with the Fractional Laplacian

Abstract In this paper we consider a nonlinear eigenvalue problem driven by the fractional Laplacian. By applying a version of the three-critical-points theorem we obtain the existence of three solutions of the problem in Hα(Ω). In addition the existence of at least two nontrivial solutions are also been obtained when 2
Posterior-Wall-First Continuous Suturing Combined with Conventional Interrupted Suturing for Microvascular Anastomosis

Vascular anastomosis with conventional interrupted suturing is often difﬁcult to perform when the vascular clamp is not reversed, because of a narrow operative ﬁeld or a short vascular pedicle. A posterior-wall-ﬁrst continuous suture technique combined with the standard interrupted suture technique is one method of solving this problem. The authors conducted a comparative study of posterior-wall-ﬁrst continuous suturing combined with standard interrupted suturing and conventional interrupted suturing in rat vessels. There was no statistically signiﬁcant difference in patency rates or suturing times. Electron microscopy demonstrated no signiﬁcant difference in recoverability of the intima. The posterior-wall-ﬁrst continuous suture technique combined with the standard interrupted suture technique is a useful alternative to the conventional interrupted suture technique.
mR,NA in the Rat Brain with Cloned cDNA and Synthetic Oligonucleotide Probes

Calmodulin is a small, acidic calcium-binding protein that regulates a number of calcium-dependent enzyme activities and is thought to be involved in neurotransmission. To begin to explore further the regulation of this important protein in the brain, we have cloned a rat calmodulin cDNA and designed an oligonucleotide probe based on this sequence. Both the cDNA and oligonucleotide probes revealed a markedly heterogeneous distribution of hybridization signal for calmodulin mRNA in the rat brain. The greatest apparent abundance of mRNA for calmodulin was seen in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, whereas many brain regions showed relatively low hybridization signal, including the striatum and portions of the hypothalamus and brainstem.
andNuclearMorphometry in Rats

BACKGROUND. We hypothesize that diet or energy restriction may alter prostate tumor architecture and nuclear morphometry in a manner predictive of indolent biology. METHODS. Adult male rats bearing the Dunning R3327-H tumor were provided free-access to the AIN76 diet or 30% diet/energy restriction for 16 weeks. Tumor tissue was harvested and stained for biomarker evaluation by quantitative digital image analysis. RESULTS. Compared to controls, tumors from restricted rats showed a contracted stromal compartmentwith an increased epithelial/glandular area, and a greater number of smaller and more homogeneous glands. In parallel, the nuclei in tumors harvested from diet-restricted rats were smaller in size, showed a lower proportion with androgen receptor (AR) staining, and reduced intensity of AR staining. CONCLUSIONS. Our observations support the hypothesis that diet/energy restriction alters prostate tumor architecture, AR expression, and nuclear morphology consistent with a more differentiated and less aggressive phenotype. Prostate 66: 945–953, 2006. # 2006Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Helicity of the Parker Field

The topological properties of the interplanetary magnetic field are discussed based on a calculation of the magnetic helicity of the Parker field. The most striking feature of the helicity is that it is negative north of the heliospheric current sheet and positive south of the current sheet, regardless of the sign of the solar poloidal magnetic field. Informal arguments based on MHD turbulence theory suggest that the magnetic helicity of turbulence in the interplanetary medium may be related to the large-scale Parker helicity. Because charged particle scattering in certain types of magnetic turbulence (such as slab turbulence) depends strongly upon helicity, the existence of such a relationship could have important implications to cosmic-ray transport in the heliosphere.
Route to Stabilize Cubic Gauche Polynitrogen to Ambient Conditions via Surface Saturation by Hydrogen

Cubic gauche polynitrogen (cg-N) is an attractive high-energy density material. However, high-pressure synthesized cg-N will decompose at low pressure and cannot exist under ambient conditions. Here, the stabilities of cg-N surfaces with and without saturations at different pressures and temperatures are systematically investigated based on first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Pristine surfaces at 0 GPa are very brittle and will decompose at 300 K, especially (110) surface will collapse completely just after structural relaxation, whereas the decompositions of surfaces can be suppressed by applying pressure, indicating that surface instability causes the cg-N decomposition at low pressure. Due to the saturation of dangling bonds and transferring electrons to the surfaces, saturation with H can stabilize surfaces under ambient conditions, while it is impossible for OH saturation to occur solely from obtaining electrons from surfaces. This suggests that polynitrogen is more stable in an acidic environment or when the surface is saturated with less electronegative adsorbates.
Farmers’ first rain: investigating dry season rainfall characteristics in the Peruvian Andes

In the Peruvian Andes, the first light rainfalls towards the end of the dry season in August-September are known as pushpa. Softening soils and improving sowing conditions, these rains are crucial for planting dates and agricultural planning. Yet pushpa remains to date unexplored in the literature. This study uses observations and convection-permitting model simulations to describe the characteristics of pushpa in the Rio Santa valley (Peru). Comparing an observed pushpa case in August 2018 with a dry and wet event of the same season, we find pushpa to coincide with upper-level westerly winds that are otherwise characteristic for dry periods. These conditions impose an upper-level dry layer that favours small-scale, vertically-capped convection, explaining the low rainfall intensities that are reportedly typical for pushpa. Climatologically, we find 83% of pushpa-type events to occur under westerly winds, dominating in August, when 60% of the modelled spatial rainfall extent is linked to pushpa. Larger, more intense deep-convective events gradually increase alongside more easterly winds in September, causing the relative pushpa cloud coverage to drop to ̃20%. We note high inter-annual and -decadal variability in this balance between pushpa and intense convective rainfall types, with the spatial extent of pushpa rainfall being twice as high during 2000-2009 than for the 2010-2018 decade over the key sowing period. This result may explain farmers’ perception in the Rio Santa valley, who recently reported increased challenges due to delayed but more intense pushpa rains before the rainy season start. We thus conclude that the sowing and germination season is crucially affected by the balance of pushpa-type and deep-convective rain, resulting in a higher probability for late first rains to be more intense.
UPDATE ON COLONOSCOPY PREPARATION, PREMEDICATION AND SEDATION.

Dr. Touhidul Iaslam 1 and Dr. Taisir Shahriar . 1. MBBS, FCPS, MS, Consultant Depapartment of Colorecrectal Surgery, BSMMU, Shagbag, Dhaka. 2. MBBS, MD (Gastroenterology). Consultant, Department Of Gastroenterology,Sono Hospital Limited,Kushtia , Bangladesh. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 9 August 2018 Final Accepted: 11 September 2018 Published: October 2018
Geranylgeranyltransferase in Saccharornyces cerevisiae

Two multicopy suppressors of the call-I mutation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been isolated and characterized. They are identical to the yeast RHO1 and RHO2 genes, which encode putative small GTP-binding proteins. Multiple copies of either RHO gene suppressed temperature-sensitive growth of the call-I mutant but did not suppress the call null mutant. Genetic analysis suggests that overproduction of either RHO gene product acts for activation of the CALI gene product.
EOSINOPHILIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION BY ALLERGEN

Received 1 March 2003 Revised 8 July 2003 Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Accepted 30 July 2003 * Correspondence to: T. Shibamoto, Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. E-mail: tshibamoto@ucdavis.edu Mouse Strain Differences in Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation Caused by Intratracheal Instillation of Mite Allergen and Diesel Exhaust Particles
AN IMMUNOREGULATORY FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH SPLEEN OF THE CELL POPULATIONS INVOLVED IN ITS PRODUCTION AND RELEASE CELLS FROM TUMOR-BEARING ANIMALS. 11. CHARACTERIZATION

Culture supernatants of spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice (TBM) have been found to enhance tumor growth, when injected together with tumor cells, and to augment the generation of antibody-producing cells (APC), when injected into mice together with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). In an attempt t o characterize the cellular entity in the spleen-cell population which is involved in release of the enhancing factor (EF), B ”, adult-thymect-omized, and nude mice were inoculated with 3LL tumor cells, and their spleen-cell supernatants were tested. We found that spleen-cell supernatants from the three different categories of 3LL tumor-bearing mice were highly effective in augmenting anti-SRBC APC production and in accelerating tumor growth. In a second line of experiments, T or B lymphocytes were eliminated from spleens of TBM before the cells were incubated in vitro. Culture supernatants of TBM spleen cells adherent to nylon wool colums, which were enriched mainly for B lymphocytes and macrophages, manifested higher EF activity than supernatants of eluted spleen cells which were enriched for T lymphocytes. Super-natants of TBM spleen cells, which were pretreated with anti-Thy 1,2 serum in the presence of complement before culturing, were found t o be highly effective in potentiation of APC generation and in enhancement of tumor growth. These results suggest that EF is not released by lymphoid cells that possess characteristics of mature T lymphocytes. EF was produced in culture by 3LL tumor cells; 90 min after injection of 3LL supernatant, the recipient spleen cells were capable of releasing EF in vitro. Trypsin treatment did not affect EF production by
Time and Space: Why Imperfect Information Games are Hard

Decision-making problems with two agents can be modeled as two player games, and a Nash equilibrium is the basic solution concept describing good play in adversarial games. Computing this equilibrium solution for imperfect information games, where players have private, hidden information, is harder than solving perfect information games. Both domains may technically be classified as easy, with algorithms that require polynomial time and space, but the difference in degree means that for extremely large games, both computation time and storage requirements may exceed available resources. In this thesis, I present four main contributions towards fast and memory efficient techniques for solving extensive-form games, which describe a class of imperfect information games with sequential decision making. First, the thesis introduces an analysis of counterfactual regret minimisation (CFR), an algorithm for solving extensive-form games, and presents tighter regret bounds that describe the rate of progress. CFR is a popular, state-of-the-art algorithm, and the improved bounds give some indication as to why the algorithm has good practical performance. Second, I describe and analyse a game-solving algorithm, CFR, which has faster empirical performance than CFR, and compare it to a number of theoretically faster algorithms. We wrote and released an efficient, distributed implementation of CFR to solve heads-up limit Texas hold’em, making it the first competitively played imperfect information game to be solved. Third, the thesis presents a series of theoretical tools for using decomposition, and creating algorithms which operate on small portions of a game at a time. I describe an algorithm, CFR-D, which can solve games without ever storing a complete strategy, and an algorithm for re-solving a portion of a game