Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Prolymphangiogenic Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment on Lymphatic Cancer Metastasis

Lymphangiogenesis is a very early step in lymphatic metastasis. It is regulated and promoted not only by the tumor cells themselves, but also by cells of the tumor microenvironment, including cancer associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, dendritic cells, or macrophages. Even the extracellular matrix as well as cytokines and growth factors are involved in the process of lymphangiogenesis and metastasis. The cellular and noncellular components influence each other and can be influenced by the tumor cells. The knowledge about mechanisms behind lymphangiogenesis in the tumor microenvironmental crosstalk is growing and offers starting points for new therapeutic approaches.
Extending statistical cache models to support detailed pipeline simulators

Simulators are widely used in computer architecture research. While detailed cycle-accurate simulations provide useful insights, studies using modern workloads typically require days or weeks. Evaluating many design points, only exacerbates the simulation overhead. Recent works propose methods with good accuracy that reduce the simulated overhead either by sampling the execution (e.g., SMARTS and SimPoint) or by using fast analytical models of the simulated designs (e.g., Interval Simulation). While these techniques reduce significantly the simulation overhead, modeling processor components with large state, such as the last-level cache, requires costly simulation to warm them up. Statistical simulation methods, such as SMARTS, report that the warm-up overhead accounts for 99% of the simulation overhead, while only 1% of the time is spent simulating the target design. This paper proposes WarmSim, a method that eliminates the need to warm up the cache. WarmSim builds on top of a statistical cache modeling technique and extends it to model accurately not only the miss ratio but also the outcome of every cache request. WarmSim uses as input, an application's memory reuse information which is hardware independent. Therefore, different cache configurations can be simulated using the same input data. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to estimate the CPI of the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks with an average error of 1.77%, reducing the overhead compared to a simulation with a 10M instruction warm-up by a factor of 50x.
Top 1 in 10,000: a 10-year follow-up of the profoundly gifted.

Adolescents identified before the age of 13 (N = 320) as having exceptional mathematical or verbal reasoning abilities (top 1 in 10,000) were tracked over 10 years. They pursued doctoral degrees at rates over 50 times base-rate expectations, with several participants having created noteworthy literary, scientific, or technical products by their early 20s. Early observed distinctions in intellectual strength (viz., quantitative reasoning ability over verbal reasoning ability, and vice versa) predicted sharp differences in their developmental trajectories and occupational pursuits. This special population strongly preferred educational opportunities tailored to their precocious rate of learning (i.e., appropriate developmental placement), with 95% using some form of acceleration to individualize their education.
Scalable and distributed submodular maximization with matroid constraints

Submodular maximization enables efficient approximation of machine learning, networking, and language processing problems. Typically, these problems have been shown to have matroid constraints, which generalize matching and partition conditions. Developing scalable, distributed submodular optimization algorithms that guarantee the same performance as centralized techniques has been an active area of research. In this paper, we address the problem of developing scalable distributed algorithms for submodular maximization with a matroid constraint. Our key step is to construct an auxiliary function from the submodular objective function, and develop distributed exchange-based algorithms for optimizing the auxiliary function. We first introduce a distributed algorithm for maximizing a submodular function with a matroid constraint. We then develop an algorithm for maximizing time-varying submodular functions under partition matroid constraints, which arises in sensor placement and data caching. We prove that both algorithms provide (1-1/e) optimality bounds, and hence achieve the same guarantees as the best centralized algorithms.
Utilising the normal distribution of the write noise margin to easily predict the SRAM write yield

This study describes a method to easily predict the write yield of a static random access memory (SRAM) memory cell. The differential coefficient of the combined word line margin (CWLM) for the threshold voltage ( V th ) is analysed using the simple Schockley's transistor model. The analysis shows the good linearity comes from keeping the access transistor operating in the saturation mode for a wide range of V th 's. The Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates that the CWLM obeys the normal distribution. The mean and the variance of the CWLM are almost constant for sample numbers ranging from 100 to 100'000. The estimated write failure probability are almost uniform within a factor of 1.7 for the number of samples more than 300, which allows us to evaluate SRAM with a small number of measurements. The predicted distribution using the differential coefficient calculated by the SPICE simulation also matches the Monte Carlo results. The estimated write failure probability agrees with the Monte Carlo results within a factor of 2.0, which is acceptable for SRAM redundancy circuit design. Finally, the write yield is related to the error rate. Thus, the write yield is easily predicted from a small number of measured samples or the differential coefficients of the CWLM on the V th 's calculated by the SPICE simulation.
Learning Nash Equilibria in Distributed Channel Selection for Frequency-Agile Radios

Wireless communication networks are evolving towards selfconfiguring, autonomous and distributed multiagent systems in which nodes are deployed randomly and have to adapt to the environment in which they operate. A cognitive network is a selforganising system that relies on the ability of its autonomous nodes to support communication in an adaptive and distributed manner. In this paper we address the distributed channel selection problem, which is a crucial component of many cognitive networks scenario, in the context of frequency-agile radios that are able to operate in multiple frequency bands simultaneously. We formulate the problem as an N-player stochastic game with incomplete information. We prove that by adopting a simple reinforcement scheme, namely learning automata, nodes will converge to a Nash equilibrium, under the assumption of symmetric interference between the players.
Chordate evolution and the three-phylum system

Traditional metazoan phylogeny classifies the Vertebrata as a subphylum of the phylum Chordata, together with two other subphyla, the Urochordata (Tunicata) and the Cephalochordata. The Chordata, together with the phyla Echinodermata and Hemichordata, comprise a major group, the Deuterostomia. Chordates invariably possess a notochord and a dorsal neural tube. Although the origin and evolution of chordates has been studied for more than a century, few authors have intimately discussed taxonomic ranking of the three chordate groups themselves. Accumulating evidence shows that echinoderms and hemichordates form a clade (the Ambulacraria), and that within the Chordata, cephalochordates diverged first, with tunicates and vertebrates forming a sister group. Chordates share tadpole-type larvae containing a notochord and hollow nerve cord, whereas ambulacrarians have dipleurula-type larvae containing a hydrocoel. We propose that an evolutionary occurrence of tadpole-type larvae is fundamental to understanding mechanisms of chordate origin. Protostomes have now been reclassified into two major taxa, the Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa, whose developmental pathways are characterized by ecdysis and trochophore larvae, respectively. Consistent with this classification, the profound dipleurula versus tadpole larval differences merit a category higher than the phylum. Thus, it is recommended that the Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa, Ambulacraria and Chordata be classified at the superphylum level, with the Chordata further subdivided into three phyla, on the basis of their distinctive characteristics.
Disruption of Leptin Signaling Contributes to Cardiac Hypertrophy Independently of Body Weight in Mice

Background—Whether left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in obesity results from increased hemodynamic load or altered neurohormonal signaling remains controversial. Dysregulation of leptin, a neurohormone essential to energy homeostasis, is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. Because leptin has cardiovascular bioactivity, we hypothesized that disruption of leptin signaling mediates the development of obesity-associated LVH. Methods and Results—We measured left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and LV mass with echocardiography in mice lacking leptin (ob/ob, n=15) or functional receptor (db/db, n=10) and controls at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. None of the mice had LVH at 2 months. Progressive obesity developed in ob/ob and db/db mice. At 6 months, LVH occurred in ob/ob and db/db compared with controls. We observed corresponding myocyte hypertrophy by light microscopy. To separate the direct contribution of leptin deficiency from mechanical effects of obesity, we induced weight loss in 6- to 8-month-old ob/ob mice either by leptin infusion or caloric restriction. Mice in both groups lost similar weight compared with placebo-treated controls. Leptin infusion completely reversed the increase in wall thickness with partial resolution of myocyte hypertrophy, whereas calorie-restricted mice had no decrease in wall thickness and a lesser change in myocyte size. Conclusions—Together these data show that the effect of leptin on LV remodeling is not attributable to weight loss alone, indicating that leptin has antihypertrophic effects on the heart, either directly or through a leptin-regulated neurohumoral pathway. Disruption of leptin signaling may represent a novel mechanism in LVH and related cardiovascular disorders.
Growth Retardation, DNA Repair Defects, and Lack of Spermatogenesis in BRCA1-Deficient Mice

1999. We reported that Brca1 (cid:2) / (cid:2) p53 (cid:2) / (cid:2) ﬁbroblasts are defective in transcription-coupled repair after exposure to ionizing radiation and hydrogen peroxide. Some of the raw data used for Fig. 7B and C were recently reviewed, and it is clear that the data reported in these panels cannot be relied upon. In the absence of the data presented in these panels, the paper still retains its overall integrity and its conclusions are ﬁrmly supported. We therefore retract only Fig. 7B and C. We regret any inconvenience this may have caused.
Coding and Indexing Shape Feature using Golomb-Rice Coding for CBIR Applications

The Content-Based Image Retrieval application uses large amount of low-level features of images for retrieving relevant images. Numerous low-level features are used for retrieval and among them the shape based feature is important and can be represented in the form of histogram. It is well known that the low-level feature requires more storage space and thus entire content has to be coded, indexed etc. to reduce the storage requirement, feature processing time and accessing time. In this work, indexing and encoding mechanism is proposed to effectively access the feature and represent the feature in lesser space. The bin values are used as reference for reducing the dimension of the histogram. The non-zero values are coded using Golomb-Rice coding and represented as compact histogram. The size of the compact histogram is variable in size and thus a similarity measure is proposed to handle the issue. Various well-known benchmark datasets are used for experiments to evaluate the performance. It is found that the truncated and encoded histogram performs well and achieves high precision of retrieval.
Corrosion behavior of buried pipeline in presence of AC stray current in controlled environment

Alternate current (AC) corrosion is a frequent problem where pipelines share right of way with high power transmission lines, AC powered railed system, and structural components on subsea power units. The magnetic field produced by transmission power lines and AC power generators and converters induces an alternate electric current on the buried pipe; the magnitude of the induced AC being proportional to the voltage and separation distance. It has been reported that AC corrosion can occur even when the cathodic protection (CP) criteria is satisfied, highlighting the fact that AC interactions are not well understood. In the present work, corrosion rates of carbon steel samples in sodium chloride solutions with and without AC at different DC bias potentials were obtained by both electrochemical techniques and weight loss analysis. Results are compared and discussed together with polarization curves to obtain an assessment of electrochemical techniques, which are commonly applied for evaluation of AC induced corrosion. A correlation between corrosion rates obtained from weight loss and electrochemical techniques was obtained by comparing corrosion current densities estimated from weight loss values with those from polarization curves. These results are discussed in the context of differences in the anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes. Additionally, solution analyses were conducted during the test to quantify the ferrous/ferric ion content and solution pH. Stirring and continuous solution replacement were necessary to maintain a constant ferrous/ferric ion content and pH.
Why aren't depot antipsychotics prescribed more often and what can be done about it?

Long-acting depot antipsychotics were developed specifically to promote treatment adherence (compliance) and they are a valuable option for patients requiring maintenance medication for schizophrenia. Depot use has fallen in recent years, perhaps owing to the introduction of oral atypical antipsychotics. Psychiatrist and patient acceptance of depot medication is variable. The depot formulation and the traditional ‘depot clinic’ seem to have an image problem, although many patients already receiving depot medication like it. Some psychiatrists may not adequately consider the risks and benefits when contemplating prescribing depot medication. Further, public opinion and planning forces in psychiatric health services may have a negative influence on the use of long-acting treatments. This review considers possible reasons for underutilisation of depot antipsychotics in maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and highlights the potential benefits and future role of depot drugs.
Brief Announcement: Distributed Single-Source Reachability

In the directed single-source reachability problem, input is a directed graph G=(V, E) and a source node s, and the objective is to identify nodes t for which there is a directed path in G from s to t. Recently Nanongkai[STOC'14] presented a distributed algorithm that solves this problem in Õ(D+√nD1/2) rounds, where D and n respectively denote the network diameter and the number of nodes. This note presents an algorithm that slightly improves the round complexity to Õ(D+√nD1/4), thus getting closer to the ~Ω(D+√n) lower bound of Das Sarma et al.[STOC'11]
Optimal Pricing and Production Planning for Subscription‐Based Products

In this paper, we address the problem of a magazine publishing firm facing stochastic demand over multiple periods. We model the dynamics of customer subscription and retention/attrition. We identify the key decision variables to enhance magazine profitability: production quantity, subscription price, and newsstand price. First, we provide a dynamic programming formulation of the firm's problem and then propose a single‐stage reduction that admits a classical newsvendor characterization. For both the finite and infinite horizon cases, we characterize the optimal policy of the firm where the decision variables are one, two, or all three of the aforementioned variables. Next, we consider the duopolistic setting, where firms benefit from the overflow of the competitor's unmet demand, and we provide analytic solutions in the case of uniform demand distributions. Finally, we report on computational experiments in both monopolistic and duopolistic settings and provide managerial insights.
Real-time Prognostics of a Rotary Valve Actuator

Valves are used in many domains and often have system- critical functions. As such, it is important to monitor the health of valves and their actuators and predict remaining useful life. In this work, we develop a model-based prognostics approach for a rotary valve actuator. Due to limited observability of the component with multiple failure modes, a lumped damage approach is proposed for estimation and pre- diction of damage progression. In order to support the goal of real-time prognostics, an approach to prediction is developed that does not require online simulation to compute remaining life, rather, a function mapping the damage state to remain- ing useful life is found offline so that predictions can be made quickly online with a single function evaluation. Simulation results demonstrate the overall methodology, validating the lumped damage approach and demonstrating real-time prognostics.
Accuracy, standardization, and interlaboratory calibration standards for foraminiferal Mg/Ca thermometry

The use of liquid and solid standards for foraminiferal Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca determinations and interlaboratory calibration has been investigated. Preparation of single element standard solutions from primary solid standard material enables the preparation of mixed standard solutions with Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios of known accuracy to better than 0.1%. We also investigated commercial reference materials to determine whether existing carbonate standards could be used as reference material for Mg/Ca determinations in foraminiferal calcite. We propose that, in the absence of a pure calcium carbonate standard certified for Mg/Ca, ECRM 752‐1, a limestone CRM containing Mg/Ca within the range of typical foraminifera, is a suitable solid standard for interlaboratory calibration. Replicate Mg/Ca determinations showed that, provided silicate phases are removed by centrifugation, this material is homogenous within the precision of daily instrumental Mg/Ca determinations over a range of sample weights from 10 to 1000 mg, taken from two separate bottles of ECRM 752‐1. Results gave an average value of Mg/Ca = 3.75 mmol/mol (0.015 s.d., 0.41% r.s.d.) on 118 determinations from the two bottles.
The Performance of Forecast-Based Monetary Policy Rules Under Model Uncertainty

We investigate the performance of forecast-based monetary policy rules using five macroeconomic models that reflect a wide range of views on aggregate dynamics. We identify the key characteristics of rules that are robust to model uncertainty: such rules respond to the one-year ahead inflation forecast and to the current output gap, and incorporate a substantial degree of policy inertia. In contrast, rules with longer forecast horizons are less robust and are prone to generating indeterminacy. In light of these results, we identify a robust benchmark rule that performs very well in all five models over a wide range of policy preferences
The Power of Communities: From Observed Outcomes to Measurable Performance

Considerable research has sought to establish the benefits that technology-mediated online communities offer their members. In an effort to capitalize on these benefits, organizations have been introducing internally oriented communities to support a wide range of tasks. As a result, such communities have become quite common within organizations and it is therefore becoming increasingly important to link community participation to business outcomes such as team and organizational performance. This paper develops a model linking three commonly identified outcomes of communities: knowledge access, trust, and bridging ties to team performance. We examine two routes from community outcomes to performance, one direct and the other mediated by individual team member innovation. Results of empirical analysis conducted with members of 115 global teams linked to 41 distinct communities support our hypotheses. These findings provide evidence for the business value of communities and offer insights into the value of communities across levels of analysis.
Predominance of Detrimental Humoral Immune Responses to HIV‐1 in AIDS Patients with CD4 Lymphocyte Counts Less Than 400/mm3

The humoral immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) was studied in 25 AIDS patients with CD4 lymphocyte counts of less than 400/mm3. Humoral immune responses against tissue culture adapted strains of HIV‐1, and two limited‐passage patient isolates were investigated. Total anti‐HIV antibody levels were not significantly different between different individuals. Neutralizing titres against HIVLAI and HIVSF2 were 10‐ to 100‐fold higher than against clinical isolates. The complement‐mediated, antibody‐dependent enhancement of HIV‐1 infection titre was high (mean 1:14,000). Antibody‐complement mediated cytotoxicity of both HIVLAI and HIVSF2 was ineffective using human complement as a complement source. The antibody‐dependent, cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity varied against the four isolates with tissue culture‐adapted strains being more susceptible than clinical isolates. Finally, an ADCC effector cell function, natural killer or NK activity, was measured for all 25 patients, and NK activity of patients was decreased by nearly 75% compared to uninfected individuals. In summary, beneficial humoral immune responses are low in HIV‐1 infected individuals with CD4 counts of less than 400/mm3 if the in vitro assay system is constructed to best mimic the in vivo situation. These results suggest that the lack of functional antibody responses to HIV may play an important role in viral pathogenesis.
Heavy Ion Testing and 3-D Simulations of Multiple Cell Upset in 65 nm Standard SRAMs

Heavy ions experiments are carried out on commercial 90 nm and 65 nm SRAMs. The contribution of single and multiple cell upsets (MCUs) are discussed as a function of the LET for different memory cell areas and for triple well usage. Once again, well engineering plays a key role on MCU and SEE response of SRAM. Full 3-D TCAD simulations investigate the occurrence of parasitic bipolar effect.
Fully-Isotropic Over-Constrained Parallel Wrists with Two Degrees of Freedom

In this paper we present singularity-free fully-isotropic parallel wrists (PWs) with two degrees of freedom. The mobile platform has 2 rotations (2R) driven by two rotary actuators mounted on the base. A method is proposed for structural synthesis of 2R-PWs with uncoupled motions and fully-isotropic based on the theory of linear transformations. A one-to-one correspondence exists between the actuated joint velocity space and the external velocity space of the moving platform. The Jacobian matrix mapping the two vector spaces of 2R-PWs with uncoupled motions is a diagonal 2×2 matrix. We use the condition number and the manipulability ellipsoids for their performance analysis. The Jacobian matrix of fully-isotropic 2R-PWs presented in this paper is the identity 2×2 matrix throughout their entire workspace. The condition number and the determinant of the Jacobian matrix being equal to one, the manipulator performs very well with regard to force and motion transmission capabilities. As far as we are aware this paper presents for the first time solutions of singularity-free parallel wrists fully-isotropic throughout their entire workspace.