Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ monitoring of lithium-ion battery degradation using an electrochemical model

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly popular for electric vehicle and grid storage applications, but degradation mechanisms remain poorly understood and are difficult to characterize accurately. Here a new method for in situ monitoring of internal degradation in LIBs using an electrochemical model (EM) is introduced. The main contributions of this work can be summarized as follows: (1) An EM is developed based on a single particle model, the parameters of which are reorganized from the original physical property parameters for convenience of identification, with each new parameter assigned a specific physical meaning. (2) Identification methods for all parameters are determined through activation-and-response analysis, and a combined load profile for parameter identification is developed. (3) Cyclic aging experiments are carried out and the aforementioned model and parameter identification methods are applied at appropriate intervals. The predicted trends of 7 (internal resistance included) of the 10 model parameters show strong correlations with the experimentally observed degradation.
CEP Discussion Paper No 820 August 2007 Trust-Based Trade

Weak enforcement of international contracts can substantially reduce international trade. We develop a model where agents build reputations to overcome the difficulties that this institutional failure causes in a context of incomplete information. The model describes the interplay between institutional quality, reputations and the dynamics of international trade. We find that the conditional probability that a firm will stop exporting decreases and its foreign sales increase as the firm acquires greater export experience. The reason is that the informational costs that an exporter faces fall as the exporter becomes more confident about the reliability of its distributor. An improvement in the institutional quality of a country affects its imports through several distinct channels, as it changes the incentives of both current and potential exporters. Trade liberalization induces current exporters to increase their sales. It could induce entry as well, but this will happen only when the initial tariff is high and/or the institutional quality of the country is low.
Root-Localized Phytochrome Chromophore Synthesis Is Required for Photoregulation of Root Elongation and Impacts Root Sensitivity to Jasmonic Acid in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]

Plants exhibit organ- and tissue-specific light responses. To explore the molecular basis of spatial-specific phytochrome-regulated responses, a transgenic approach for regulating the synthesis and accumulation of the phytochrome chromophore phytochromobilin (PΦB) was employed. In prior experiments, transgenic expression of the BILIVERDIN REDUCTASE (BVR) gene was used to metabolically inactivate biliverdin IXα, a key precursor in the biosynthesis of PΦB, and thereby render cells accumulating BVR phytochrome deficient. Here, we report analyses of transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lines with distinct patterns of BVR accumulation dependent upon constitutive or tissue-specific, promoter-driven BVR expression that have resulted in insights on a correlation between root-localized BVR accumulation and photoregulation of root elongation. Plants with BVR accumulation in roots and a PΦB-deficient elongated hypocotyl2 (hy2-1) mutant exhibit roots that are longer than those of wild-type plants under white illumination. Additional analyses of a line with root-specific BVR accumulation generated using a GAL4-dependent bipartite enhancer-trap system confirmed that PΦB or phytochromes localized in roots directly impact light-dependent root elongation under white, blue, and red illumination. Additionally, roots of plants with constitutive plastid-localized or root-specific cytosolic BVR accumulation, as well as phytochrome chromophore-deficient hy1-1 and hy2-1 mutants, exhibit reduced sensitivity to the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) in JA-dependent root inhibition assays, similar to the response observed for the JA-insensitive mutants jar1 and myc2. Our analyses of lines with root-localized phytochrome deficiency or root-specific phytochrome depletion have provided novel insights into the roles of root-specific PΦB, or phytochromes themselves, in the photoregulation of root development and root sensitivity to JA.
Low-Profile Steerable Loop Antenna With Capacitively Coupled Feeds

A novel application of capacitively coupled feeds for making a switched beam square loop antenna (SLA) matched to 50 Ω at its inputs is presented. The capacitively coupled feeding mechanism introduces capacitance into the antenna input impedance, which cancels out the high dominant inductance due to the probe and the ground plane, and helps in the realization of low-profile SLA. The net thickness for an antenna developed for the test frequency of 4.7 GHz is 3.04 mm (λ0 /21) and has four feeding ports. In order to obtain a tilted beam by this antenna, there must be a gap in the middle of side lengths of the antenna. When one of the ports is excited and the three remaining ports are open-circuited, the antenna generates a linearly polarized tilted beam directed toward the quadrant opposite to the excited port. Thus, by exciting one port at a time and open-circuiting the other three, the antenna can steer the beam in four different quadrants and scan the entire space in front of antenna. The antenna developed has an impedance bandwidth of 270 MHz and an average directivity of 7.6 dBi.
Towards Molecular Programming

In this paper, I first describe the directions of current research in the field of DNA and molecular computing by summarizing a recent international conference in this field: DNA8, the Eighth International Meeting on DNA Based Computers. Research in this field has clearly shifted from purely mathematical computations to broader applications in nanotechnology and biotechnology, and the principles and methods for designing molecular systems with information-processing capability for such applications are considered important. We call research into designing such molecular systems molecular programming. This paper reviews existing models of DNA and molecular computation and analyzes the results of these models, and then briefly describes some methods for molecular programming, including sequence design. It finally touches on molecular machines made of DNA, the current focus of molecular programming.
Bayesian Group Sparse Learning for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is developed for parts-based representation of nonnegative data with the sparseness constraint. The degree of sparseness plays an important role for model regularization. This paper presents Bayesian group sparse learning for NMF and applies it for single-channel source separation. This method establishes the common bases and individual bases to characterize the shared information and residual noise in observed signals, respectively. Laplacian scale mixture distribution is introduced for sparse coding given a sparseness control parameter. A Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure is presented to infer two groups of parameters and their hyperparameters through a sampling procedure based on the conditional posterior distributions. Experiments on separating the single-channel audio signals into rhythmic and harmonic source signals show that the proposed method outperforms baseline NMF, Bayesian NMF and other group-based NMF in terms of signal-to-interference ratio.
On The Conversion Of High Molecular Weight Urokinase To The Low Molecular Weight Form

The conversion of high molecular weight urokinase (HMW) to low molecular weight urokinase (LWM) by plasmin in vitro has been studied. The two molecular weight forms of urokinase were separated by SDS polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and active enzyme extracted from gel segments into isotonic saline after slicing the gel at 5 mm intervals. Extracts from gel segments were analyzed by the fibrin plate method, and electrophoretic separation of the two forms were shown to be complete by comparison with the migration of purified standards and by the absence of lytic zones between the peaks of activity. HMW was incubated with plasminogen and fibrinogen for various time intervals from 2.5 to 10 minutes, enzymatic activity inhibited with aprotinin, and the samples subjected to electrophoresis. Conversion from HMW to LMW was apparent in as little as 2.5 minutes and continued for the 10 minute duration of the experiments. Similar experiments starting with LMW showed no change in molecular weight. Incubation of HMW without plasminogen resulted in no conversion to LMW implying that this reaction was not autocatalytic. The same conversion may occur in vivo during therapeutic administration of urokinase when a “lytic state” is produced and plasmin activity is present. Possible conversion of HMW to LMW in vivo will need to be considered in evaluating the relative therapeutic efficacy of different urokinase preparations and in interpreting the results of clinical trials.
Adaptive search control applied to Search and Rescue operations using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Despite there being some researches about unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), operations with this kind of robots are not yet occurring in search and rescue (SAR) operations. Using adaptive concepts, a Cooperative UAV model applied to search and rescue operations applied is proposed. The adaptive concepts are well suited to the dynamism present in search operations in unknown environment. Thus, applying adaptiveness, each UAV takes decision in order to best accomplish the goal. Simulations were carried out and the results observed show that the model reduces until 75% of the search time (comparing with a manned search using the SAR navigation rules). Furthermore, related works, UAV evolution, conclusion and future works suggestions are presented.
The syndromes of resistance to thyroid hormone.

I. Introduction THE syndromes of resistance to thyroid hormone are characterized by reduced clinical and biochemical manifestations of thyroid hormone action relative to the circulating hormone levels. In practice, most patients are identified by the persistent elevation of serum levels of T4 and T3 with “inappropriately” nonsuppressed TSH, in the absence of intercurrent acute illness, drugs, or alterations of thyroid hormone binding to serum proteins. More importantly, administration of supraphysiological doses of thyroid hormone fail to produce the expected suppressive effect on the secretion of pituitary TSH and/or to induce the expected metabolic responses in the peripheral tissues. Since the publication of the index cases in 1967 (1), 347 subjects have been reported who exhibit the characteristics of the syndrome (Refs. 1–129 and our personal communications and observations). In this review, we summarize all cases known to us, present their common features as well as unusual manifestations, and attem.
A strongly coupled architecture for contextual object and scene identification

The context-centered approach to object detection and recognition is based on the intuition that the contextual information of real-world scenes provides relevant information for these tasks. This intuition is supported by psychophysical experiments in human scene perception and visual search, which provide evidence that the human visual system uses the relationship between the environment and the objects to facilitate object recognition. Here, we use a probabilistic model to investigate the possible interactions between object class hypotheses and scene class hypotheses in a visual system. The architecture of the model is based on separate modules interacting with each other via feedforward and feedback connections. A competitive-priors structure is used to implement the feedback connections.
An optimal mandatory lane change decision model for autonomous vehicles in urban arterials

ABSTRACT Autonomous driving has become a popular topic in both industry and academia. Lane-changing is a vital component of autonomous driving behavior in arterial road traffic. Much research has been carried out to investigate discretionary lane changes for autonomous vehicles. However, very little research has been conducted on assisting autonomous vehicles in making mandatory lane changes (MLCs), which is the core of optimal lane-specific route planning for autonomous vehicles. This research aims to determine the best position for providing MLC instruction to autonomous vehicles. In this article, an optimization model is formulated to determine the optimal position at which an instruction to change lanes should be given through automotive navigation systems. First, the distribution of time spent waiting for safe headway to make a lane change is modeled as an exponential distribution. Lane-specific travel times are then calculated for vehicles in various situations by applying traffic shockwave theory and horizontal queuing theory. Finally, the expected travel time is derived for a vehicle receiving a lane change instruction to change lanes at an arbitrary position along the road. The proposed model is validated by a comparison with a simulation model in VISSIM. Additional experiments show that the instruction should be given earlier in the case of denser traffic or higher travel speed in the target lane and that vehicles can save considerable time, if they follow the guidance provided by the proposed model. The proposed model can be applied to guide autonomous vehicles to travel an optimal route.
Dry Needling at Myofascial Trigger Spots of Rabbit Skeletal Muscles Modulates the Biochemicals Associated with Pain, Inflammation, and Hypoxia

Background and Purpose. Dry needling is an effective therapy for the treatment of pain associated with myofascial trigger point (MTrP). However, the biochemical effects of dry needling that are associated with pain, inflammation, and hypoxia are unclear. This study investigated the activities of β-endorphin, substance P, TNF-α, COX-2, HIF-1α, iNOS, and VEGF after different dosages of dry needling at the myofascial trigger spots (MTrSs) of a skeletal muscle in rabbit. Materials and Methods. Dry needling was performed either with one dosage (1D) or five dosages (5D) into the biceps femoris with MTrSs in New Zealand rabbits. Biceps femoris, serum, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were sampled immediately and 5 d after dry needling for β-endorphin, substance P, TNF-α, COX-2, HIF-1α, iNOS, and VEGF immunoassays. Results. The 1D treatment enhanced the β-endorphin levels in the biceps femoris and serum and reduced substance P in the biceps femoris and DRG. The 5D treatment reversed these effects and was accompanied by increase of TNF-α, COX-2, HIF-1α, iNOS, and VEGF production in the biceps femoris. Moreover, the higher levels of these biochemicals were still maintained 5 d after treatment. Conclusion. Dry needling at the MTrSs modulates various biochemicals associated with pain, inflammation, and hypoxia in a dose-dependent manner.
Analysis of Flow-Mediated Dilation by Nitric Oxide Production Model of Vascular Endothelial Cells

The vascular endothelial function is impaired in early stages of atherosclerosis. The flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test is the most common noninvasive method used to assess endothelial function. In this study, to analyze the endothelial function in detail using the FMD test, we developed a novel mathematical model that can simulate the FMD test. We used data assimilation with observation data of the mean blood flow velocity and estimated vessel property model parameters. We confirmed that the present model reproduces the observation data, and the estimated parameters are physiologically acceptable. The model is also applicable for the simulation of the dynamics of intracellular ion movements to analye the physiological mechanism of the endothelial function.
Bin-EM-CEM algorithms of spherical parsimonious Gaussian mixture models for binned data clustering

EM algorithm is widely used in clustering domain because of its easy implementation and small storage space. CEM algorithm, which is considered as a classification version of EM algorithm, is another common used clustering algorithm. With the development of technology, we obtain more and more data. This results in slow computation of EM and CEM algorithms. Binning data seems to be efficient in gaining computation time by reducing the number of observations to the number of bins. Thus, EM and CEM algorithms applied to binned data were proposed: binned-EM and bin-EM-CEM algorithms. Moreover, fourteen parsimonious Gaussian mixture models, generated according to eigenvalue decomposition of the variance matrices of the mixture components, have less parameters than the most general model. By applying the EM and CEM algorithms of parsimonious models, estimation process is simplified and then accelerated. In this paper, to combine the advantages of binned data and parsimonious Gaussian mixture models, we develop bin-EM-CEM algorithms of spherical parsimonious Gaussian mixture models.
Juvenile hormone resistance gene Methoprene-tolerant controls entry into metamorphosis in the beetle Tribolium castaneum

Besides being a spectacular developmental process, metamorphosis is key to insect success. Entry into metamorphosis is controlled by juvenile hormone (JH). In larvae, JH prevents pupal and adult morphogenesis, thus keeping the insect in its immature state. How JH signals to preclude metamorphosis is poorly understood, and a JH receptor remains unknown. One candidate for the JH receptor role is the Methoprene-tolerant (Met) Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain protein [also called Resistance to JH, Rst (1)JH], whose loss confers tolerance to JH and its mimic methoprene in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, Met deficiency does not affect the larval–pupal transition, possibly because this process does not require JH absence in Drosophila. By contrast, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is sensitive to developmental regulation by JH, thus making an ideal system to examine the role of Met in the antimetamorphic JH action. Here we show that impaired function of the Met ortholog TcMet renders Tribolium resistant to the effects of ectopic JH and, in a striking contrast to Drosophila, causes early-stage beetle larvae to undergo precocious metamorphosis. This is evident as TcMet-deficient larvae pupate prematurely or develop specific heterochronic phenotypes such as pupal-like cuticular structures, appendages, and compound eyes. Our results demonstrate that TcMet functions in JH response and provide the critical evidence that the putative JH receptor Met mediates the antimetamorphic effect of JH.
Detection of anaerobic toluene and hydrocarbon degraders in contaminated aquifers using benzylsuccinate synthase (bssA) genes as a functional marker.

Benzylsuccinate synthase (Bss) is the key enzyme of anaerobic toluene degradation and has been found in all anaerobic toluene degrading bacterial isolates tested. However, only a few pure cultures capable of anaerobic toluene oxidation are available to date, and it is important to understand the relevance of these model organisms for in situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifers. Due to their phylogenetic dispersal, it is not possible to specifically target anaerobic toluene degraders using marker rRNA genes. We therefore established an assay targeting a approximately 794 bp fragment within the Bss alpha-subunit (bssA) gene, which allows for the specific detection and affiliation of both known and unknown anaerobic degraders. Three distinct tar-oil-contaminated aquifer sites were screened for intrinsic bssA gene pools in order to identify and compare the diversity of hydrocarbon degraders present at these selected sites. We were able to show that local diversity patterns of degraders were entirely distinct, apparently highly specialized and well-adapted to local biogeochemical settings. Discovered at one of the sites were bssA genes closely related to that of Geobacter spp. , which provides evidence for an importance of iron reduction for toluene degradation in these sediments. Retrieved from the other two sites, dominated by sulfate reduction, were previously unidentified bssA genes and also deeply branching putative bssA homologues. We provide evidence for a previously unrecognized diversity of anaerobic toluene degraders and also of other hydrocarbon degraders using fumarate-adding key reactions in contaminated aquifers. These findings enhance our current understanding of intrinsic hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities in perturbed aquifers and may have potential for the future assessment and prediction of natural attenuation based on degradation genes.
Regulation of azophenylarsonate-specific repertoire expression. 1. Frequency of cross-reactive idiotype-positive B cells in A/J and BALB/c mice

A large proportion of p-azophenylarsonate (ARS)-specific antibodies from A/J mice share a cross-reactive idiotype (CRIA) that comprises a family of closely related but nonidentical clonotypes. I determined that only 2.6 % (7 out of 267) A/J ARS-specific monoclonal antibodies generated in the splenic focus system possess the predominant CRIA. Because ARS-specific B cells are present at a frequency of 1/68,000 B cells, the frequency of the entire idiotype family is 1 per 2.8 X 10(6) splenic B cells. Thus, there is a striking discrepancy between the representation of this idiotype at the clonal precursor cell level and the serum antibody response. In addition, BALB/c mice have the potential to generate CRIA-positive precursor cells within their nonimmune repertoire. When A/J mice are immunized with ARS-protein conjugates, the serum antibody response and precursor cell population are both dominated by CRIA. The frequency of CRIA-positive B cells increases over 100-fold after immunization, whereas CRIA-negative precursor cells may initially decrease, followed by a later rise in frequency. Finally, although ARS-specific precursor cells are present in high frequency at birth, CRIA-positive monoclonal anti-ARS antibodies are not observed during the early neonatal period. These data provide evidence to suggest that complex regulatory networks influence precursor cell and serum antibody expression.
A Deterministic Annealing Approach to the Multiple Traveling Salesmen and Related Problems

This paper presents a novel and efficient heuristic framework for approximating the solutions to the multiple traveling salesmen problem (m-TSP) and other variants on the TSP. The approach adopted in this paper is an extension of the Maximum-Entropy-Principle (MEP) and the Deterministic Annealing (DA) algorithm. The framework is presented as a general tool that can be suitably adapted to a number of variants on the basic TSP. Additionally, unlike most other heuristics for the TSP, the framework presented in this paper is independent of the edges defined between any two pairs of nodes. This makes the algorithm particularly suited for variants such as the close-enough traveling salesman problem (CETSP) which are challenging due to added computational complexity. The examples presented in this paper illustrate the effectiveness of this new framework for use in TSP and many variants thereof.