Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Black Ginseng through TLR4-MyD88-Regulated Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced BV2 Microglial Cells

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) contains various ginsenosides as active ingredients, and they show diverse biological activities. Black ginseng is manufactured by repeated steaming and drying of white ginseng, which alters the polarity of ginsenosides and improves biological activities. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of black ginseng (BGE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells. Pre-treatment with BGE inhibited the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-induced BV2 cells. In addition, BGE reduced the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK signaling pathways induced by LPS. These anti-neuroinflammatory effects were mediated through the negative regulation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway. Among the four ginsenosides contained in BGE, ginsenosides Rd and Rg3 inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators. Taken together, this investigation suggests that BGE represents potential anti-neuroinflammatory candidates for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Guidelines for the conservation and restoration of seagrasses in the United States and adjacent waters

Seagrass ecosystems are protected under the federal "no-net-loss" policy for wetlands and form one of the most productive plant communities on the planet, performing important ecological functions. Seagrass beds have been recognized as a valuable resource critical to the health and function of coastal waters. Greater awareness and public education, however, is essential for conservation of this resource. Tremendous losses of this habitat have occurred as a result of development within the coastal zone. Disturbances usually kill seagrasses rapidly, and recovery is often comparatively slow. Mitigation to compensate for destruction of existing habitat usually follows when the agent of loss and responsible party are known. Compensation assumes that ecosystems can be made to order and, in essence, trades existing functional habitat for the promise of replacement habitat. While ~lant ingse agrass is not technically complex, there is no easy way to meet the goal of maintaining or increasing seagrass acreage. Rather, the entire process of planning, planting and monitoring requires attention to detail and does not lend itself to oversimplification.
Systematic reappraisal of the diminutive Amphora thumensis and the transfer of Halamphora parathumensis to the genus Amphora

Since its description the amphoroid diatom Amphora thumensis has confounded simple taxonomic classification having been assigned to Amphora, Cymbella, and now Halamphora. Taxonomic ambiguity around this taxon stems from its small size and reduced, often contradictory, morphological features. In this investigation, we confirm the taxonomic position of A. thumensis by presenting a four-marker molecular phylogeny for a population collected from a small spring-fed lake in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA. Our phylogenetic hypothesis places A. thumensis not within the genus Halamphora, but within the deep branching lineages of Amphora. We discuss this phylogenetic hypothesis in the context of the morphological and ecological diversity of the genus and evaluate the utility of putative diagnostic characters within Amphora. In light of this new evidence, the valid name Amphora thumensis (Mayer) Krieger is identified as the preferred designation for this taxon. Consequently, we transfer the morphologically similar Halamphora parathumensis to Amphora.
Learning Attention Through Hierarchical Architecture for Visual Object Tracking

Various attention mechanisms have been extensively adopted in visual object tracking networks. However, the research of Siamese networks with convolutional attention mechanisms as the main architecture remains limited. In this letter, we propose a novel Siamese tracker that leverages convolutional attention and a hierarchical architecture. By utilizing the deformable convolution, we expand the receptive field to capture more contextual information. In addition, our hierarchical architecture optimizes the attention by hierarchically adjusting the focus of attention based on the significance of features at different levels. On the other hand, we decompose the step of feature compression during the feature-to-result transformation process and integrate it in segments with the feature fusion process to address the information loss and underfitting issues. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our tracker achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple benchmarks including LaSOT, TrackingNet, UAV123, and NFS while maintaining a high processing speed of 40 FPS.
Engineered Vesicles and Hydrogel Technologies for Myocardial Regeneration

Increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and potentially life-threatening complications of myocardial infarction (MI) has led to emerging therapeutic approaches focusing on myocardial regeneration and restoration of physiologic function following infarction. Extracellular vesicle (EV) technology has gained attention owing to the biological potential to modulate cellular immune responses and promote the repair of damaged tissue. Also, EVs are involved in local and distant cellular communication following damage and play an important role in initiating the repair process. Vesicles derived from stem cells and cardiomyocytes (CM) are of particular interest due to their ability to promote cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis following MI. Although a promising candidate for myocardial repair, EV technology is limited by the short retention time of vesicles and rapid elimination by the body. There have been several successful attempts to address this shortcoming, which includes hydrogel technology for the sustained bioavailability of EVs. This review discusses and summarizes current understanding regarding EV technology in the context of myocardial repair.
FeF3/(Acetylene Black and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube) Composite for Cathode Active Material of Thermal Battery through Formation of Conductive Network Channels

Considerable research is being conducted on the use of FeF3 as a cathode replacement for FeS2 in thermal batteries. However, FeF3 alone is inefficient as a cathode active material because of its low electrical conductivity due to its wide bandgap (5.96 eV). Herein, acetylene black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were combined with FeF3, and the ratio was optimized. When acetylene black and MWCNTs were added separately to FeF3, the electrical conductivity increased, but the mechanical strength decreased. When acetylene black and MWCNTs were both added to FeF3, the FeF3/M1AB4 sample (with 1 wt.% MWCNTs and 4% AB) afforded a discharge capacity of approximately 74% of the theoretical capacity (712 mAh/g) of FeF3. Considering the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, this composition was confirmed to be the most suitable.
Drug Abuse Patterns in Coimbra Recreational Nightlife

VII RESUMO VIII ABBREVIATION LIST XI INDEX OF FIGURES XIII INDEX OF TABLES XV INDEX XVII Part I: Introduction 1 1. Drug use among young people 3 2. Why do some people use, abuse, and become dependent on drugs? 5 2.1 The nature and the special properties of psychoactive substances 6 2.2 The outcomes of drug use 6 2.3 The dynamics of use behavior 7 2.4 The individual differences in vulnerabilities 7 3. Predisposing factors for drug use 8 3.1 Curiosity 8 3.2 Peer group influence 8 3.3 Ordalic behaviour 9 3.4 Hedonism 9 4. Brain Reward System 10 4.1 Neuroanatomy of brain reward system 10 4.2 Molecular physiology of brain reward system 11 4.3 Action of drug abuse in brain reward system 13 4.3.1 Alcohol 13 4.3.2 Opiates 13 4.3.3 Cannabis 14 4.3.4 Cocaine 15
de-The Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial: 3-year results

Object. The authors report the 3-year results of the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT). The objective of this ongoing randomized trial is to compare the safety and efficacy of microsurgical clip occlusion and endovascular coil embolization for the treatment of acutely ruptured cerebral aneurysms and to compare functional outcomes based on clinical and angiographic data.
PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR IN ESTIMATION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE

Objective: To determine the predictive ability of mandibular third molar in estimation of chronological age Material and methods: This is cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at Saidu college of Dentistry, Swat on 120 participants. The inclusion criteria were both males and females, age from 13 to 25 years, having good quality panoramic X-ray clearly showing lower third molar area. Participants with dental anomalies like oligodontia, Dentinogenesis/Amelogenesis imperfecta, fracture affecting angular region of mandible were excluded. Age, sex and tooth mineralization of lower third molar were recorded. Linear regression was applied using age as dependent and maturation stages of third molar as independent variable. Results: The mean age was 16.85±2.39 years. The females were 78 (65%) and males were 42 (35%). Overall the model shows that in 79.9% participant the variation in age can be explained by maturation stages of third molar and gender. The regression equation for age estimation is age= 11.42+1.68x(maturation stage) + 0.13x(gender). Conclusion: Mandibular third tooth maturation stages are useful in prediction of chronological age of the patients.
Use of Adverbials in Discussion Sections of Research Articles in Thai and International Journals

The purpose of this study was to compare the discussion sections of research articles in applied linguistics in Thai and international journals. The corpus consisted of 20 English research articles: 10 from Thai journals and 10 from international journals. The adverbials framework of Biber et al. (1999) was employed in this study. The study explained the different usage of adverbials in discussion sections of both corpora. The results show that most of the use of adverbials in research article discussion sections in Thai and international journals is similar. There are five adverbials which are different and influence the presentation of content in discussion sections. It is hoped that this study may help teachers to design writing courses for novice writers or undergraduate and postgraduate students in writing research article discussion sections to publish in an international level.
The dynamic forest fire district based on GIS

The forest fire district is based on the generalized "3S" technology and the modern communication technology and auto-monitor technology,and the research content is more wide,therefore,a new concept,dynamic forest fire district,is prompt,and the formula is modeled.The procedures are as follow:collecting the forest fire history and contemporary data,then manipulating the data and making it fit the GIS.The spatial data around the firepot were collected in GIS,and were analyzed in statistic software R and got the equations which were used to compute the fire risk in the research area,and the thematic map were made.These maps were analyzed in GIS with the overlap method,and the dynamic district of the forest fire were divided.The method is implied in the practice of the forest fire protection,as a result,promotes the accuracy of the forest fire predict,recedes the payout and improves the level of the fire management.
Attitudes of Non-psychiatric Doctors Toward the Management of Psychiatric Problems

Introduction: This research explores non-psychiatric doctors' attitudes toward managing psychiatric problems, recognizing the critical intersection between physical and emotional health. The study aims to understand the barriers and facilitators in addressing these challenges within a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, India. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among general hospital inpatients and outpatients underscores the need for comprehensive care. However, various obstacles hinder effective management. The objectives are to describe and understand these attitudes and to investigate the reasons for non-referral in cases involving psychiatric concerns. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2023, involving 178 doctors from various specialties directly engaged in patient care. Participants completed a modified Doctors Attitudes Toward Collaborative Care for Mental Health (DACC-MH) questionnaire. This tool assessed their attitudes toward psychosocial and psychiatric problems, including their willingness to take responsibility for assessments and referrals. Data analysis utilized the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to assess differences in attitudes based on demographics and specialties. Results: The study revealed predominantly positive attitudes among non-psychiatric doctors. Most acknowledged the importance of addressing patients' emotional problems (97.8%) and recognizing psychological factors' role in physical illnesses (96.1%). However, variations existed in the willingness to take responsibility for psychological assessments, especially in outpatient settings. Attitudes toward psychiatric referrals were generally positive, though differences were noted based on gender and specialization. Female doctors were more inclined toward emotional care, while male doctors were more willing to prescribe psychotropic drugs (p < 0.0001) and refer patients to psychiatrists. Physicians were more favorable toward emotional care, shared responsibility for emotional difficulties, and routine assessment of psychological and social factors. In contrast, surgical specialists restricted themselves to physical assessments (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This research underscores the need for targeted educational initiatives and awareness campaigns to address the challenges in integrating mental healthcare into general healthcare contexts. Tailored programs, interprofessional collaborations, and efforts to reduce stigma are essential for improving doctors' attitudes and practices in managing psychiatric problems. Enhancing the integration of mental health care can lead to better patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality. Healthcare institutions can strive for more comprehensive, patient-centered care by understanding and addressing these attitudes.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULES AND PLANTING METHODS ON YIELD, ATTRIBUTES AND ECONOMICS OF GREEN GRAM (PHASEOLUS RADIATE L.) UNDER RICE - WHEAT - GREEN GRAM CROPPING SYSTEM

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid season of 2010-11 at N.D. University Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.), India to study irrigation of four irrigation schedules based on irrigation water (IW) : cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) rate and three planting methods of green gram. The yield and yield attributes viz., number of pods plant -1 , number of seed pod -1 , harvest index and benefit : cost ratio increased with increase into among the planting methods maximum 1000-seed weight (34.15), grain yield (13.74 qha -1 ), harvest index (26.03%), net return (Rs. 43592) and benefit : cost ratio 3.37 were recorded with raised bed of plant in method, while minimum with method. The maximum grain yield (14.46 qha -1 ), harvest index (24.94%) and net
Formal Verification of Fault-Tolerant Hardware Designs

Digital circuits for space applications can suffer from operation failures due to radiation effects. Error detection and mitigation techniques are widely accepted solutions to improve dependability of digital circuits under Single Event Upsets (SEUs) and Single Event Transients (SETs). These solutions imply design modifications that must be validated. This paper presents a formal verification method to prove that the applied fault tolerance techniques do actually prevent fault propagation as well as that the fault-tolerant circuit is functionally equivalent to the original version. The method has been implemented in an in-house software tool, VeriHard. It has been successfully applied to verify a wide variety of fault tolerance techniques, such as Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), Duplication with Comparison (DwC), Safe Finite State Machines and Hamming encoding. Experimental results with benchmarks and industrial cases illustrates the capabilities of the method and its high performance.
Engineering the Electronic Structure towards Visible Lights Photocatalysis of CaTiO3 Perovskites by Cation (La/Ce)-Anion (N/S) Co-Doping: A First-Principles Study

Cation-anion co-doping has proven to be an effective method of improving the photocatalytic performances of CaTiO3 perovskites. In this regard, (La/Ce-N/S) co-doped CaTiO3 models were investigated for the first time using first-principles calculations based on a supercell of 2 × 2 × 2 with La/Ce concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.375. The energy band structure, density of states, charge differential density, electron-hole effective masses, optical properties, and the water redox potential were calculated for various models. According to our results, (La-S)-doped CaTiO3 with a doping ratio of 0.25 (LCOS1-0.25) has superior photocatalytic hydrolysis properties due to the synergistic performances of its narrow band gap, fast carrier mobility, and superb ability to absorb visible light. Apart from the reduction of the band gap, the introduction of intermediate energy levels by La and Ce within the band gap also facilitates the transition of excited electrons from valence to the conduction band. Our calculations and findings provide theoretical insights and solid predictions for discovering CaTiO3 perovskites with excellent photocatalysis performances.
Secure Gene Sequence Alignment Based on Garbled Circuit

With the development of bioinformatics technology, there is an increasing demand for gene sequence alignment. Gene sequence alignment can determine the homology between sequences and plays an increasingly prominent role in the traceback of species, the construction of phylogenetic trees and the diagnosis of human diseases. So far, gene sequence alignment schemes usually do not consider the privacy of participants, which could cause the disclosure of sensitive information, thus there is an urgent need for secure gene sequence alignment schemes. In this paper, we model genomic data from the perspective of privacy protection. On this basis, we design a scheme of gene sequence alignment for the analysis of homologous genopathy. Genopathy private query is realized by adding redundant query conditions, and secure gene sequence alignment is realized by using garbled circuit. And we propose merging truth table to implement a garbled equality gate circuit that only needs to send ciphertext once. The times of encryption and decryption reduced to a third of the general garbled equality gate circuit. Consequently, the scheme can protect the data privacy, query privacy and output privacy of both participants and has better practicability.
Impact of Preparticipation Hypohydration on Cognitive Performance and Concussion-like Symptoms in Recreational Athletes

Background: Sports-related concussion is a relevant risk of contact sports, with several million cases per year worldwide. Prompt identification is crucial to prevent complications and late effects but may be impeded by an overlap with dehydration-associated impairment of cognitive function. Researchers have extensively studied the effects of pronounced dehydration in endurance sports, especially in the heat. However, little is known about the effects of isolated and mild dehydration. Methods: Healthy recreational athletes underwent a standardized fluid deprivation test. Hypohydration was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and laboratory testing of electrolytes and retention parameters. Participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with a cycle ramp protocol. Each participant served as their own control undergoing CPET in a hypohydrated [HYH] and a euhydrated [EUH] state. Effects were assessed using a shortened version of Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3). Results: Fluid deprivation caused a mild (2%) reduction in body water, resulting in a calculated body mass loss of 0.8% without alterations of electrolytes, serum-osmolality, or hematocrit. Athletes reported significantly more (1.8 ± 2.2 vs. 0.4 ± 0.7; p < 0.01) and more severe (4.4 ± 6.2 vs. 1.0 ± 1.9; p < 0.01) concussion-like symptoms in a hypohydrated state. Balance was worse in HYH by trend with a significant difference for tandem stance (1.1 ± 1.3 vs. 0.6 ± 1.1; p = 0.02). No relevant differences were presented for items of memory and concentration. Conclusions: Mild dehydration caused relevant alterations of concussion-like symptoms and balance in healthy recreational athletes in the absence of endurance exercise or heat. Further research is needed to clarify the real-life relevance of these findings and to strengthen the differential diagnosis of concussion.
Journal of Social Research Development, Volume 4, Issue 1, MARCH , 2023 MEDIATING ROLE OF EMPLOYEES’ SOCIETAL BEHAVIOR S AMID SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ORIENTATION AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A SEM APPROACH

By addressing issues & well-being of key stakeholders, social sustainability may offer operational advantages and benefit society at large. However, due to gaps in current knowledge, it is challenging to determine which practices will be beneficial and which managerial orientations will maximize effect of these practices upon operational performance. Study aimed to determine the mediating role of societal behaviors of employees amid social sustainability orientation and operational performance of freight forwarders. It recognizes strength of forces that oppose social change. Data was collected on complex questionnaire from freight forwarders, managers across developing country and analyzed through SEM using AMOS (23). Paper confirmed the mediating role of employee societal behavior amid socially sustainable freight transport orientation and operational performance. Findings suggest that SSI should be designed and implemented through positive behavioral changes, with the organization's employees themselves as primary target. It is the employees’ positive attitudes and behaviors that translate SSI into effective operational performance.