Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in psychological disorders, suicidality, and help-seeking behaviour among college students from different academic disciplines

Background Elevated levels of suicidality, ADHD, mental ill-health and substance disorders are reported among college students globally, yet few receive treatment. Some faculties and courses appear to have more at-risk students than others. The current study aimed to determine if students commencing college in different academic disciplines were at a heightened risk for psychopathology, substance use disorders and suicidal behaviour, and examined variations in help-seeking behaviour. Materials and methods The study utilised data collected from 1,829 first-year undergraduate students as part of the Student Psychological Intervention Trial (SPIT) which commenced in September 2019 across four Ulster University campuses in Northern Ireland and an Institute of Technology, in the North-West of Ireland. The SPIT study is part of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative (WMH-ICS) which uses the WMH-CIDI to identify 12-month and lifetime disorders. Results Students from Life and Health Sciences reported the lowest rates of a range of psychological problems in the year prior to commencing college, while participants studying Arts and Humanities displayed the highest levels (e.g. depression 20.6%; social anxiety 38.8%). However, within faculty variations were found. For example, psychology students reported high rates, while nursing students reported low rates. Variations in help seeking behaviour were also revealed, with male students less likely to seek help. Conclusions Detecting specific cohorts at risk of psychological disorders and suicidality is challenging. This study revealed that some academic disciplines have more vulnerable students than others, with many reluctant to seek help for their problems. It is important for educators to be aware of such issues and for colleges to provide information and support to students at risk. Tailored interventions and prevention strategies may be beneficial to address the needs of students from different disciplines.
The neural correlates of context driven changes in the emotional response: An fMRI study

Emotional flexibility reflects the ability to adjust the emotional response to the changing environmental context. To understand how context can trigger a change in emotional response, i.e., how it can upregulate the initial emotional response or trigger a shift in the valence of emotional response, we used a task consisting of picture pairs during functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions. In each pair, the first picture was a smaller detail (a decontextualized photograph depicting emotions using primarily facial and postural expressions) from the second (contextualized) picture, and the neural response to a decontextualized picture was compared with the same picture in a context. Thirty-one healthy participants (18 females; mean age: 24.44 ± 3.4) were involved in the study. In general, context (vs. pictures without context) increased activation in areas involved in facial emotional processing (e.g., middle temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and temporal pole) and affective mentalizing (e.g., precuneus, temporoparietal junction). After excluding the general effect of context by using an exclusive mask with activation to context vs. no-context, the automatic shift from positive to negative valence induced by the context was associated with increased activation in the thalamus, caudate, medial frontal gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. When the meaning changed from negative to positive, it resulted in a less widespread activation pattern, mainly in the precuneus, middle temporal gyrus, and occipital lobe. Providing context cues to facial information recruited brain areas that induced changes in the emotional responses and interpretation of the emotional situations automatically to support emotional flexibility.
Epistaxis and thrombocytopenia as major presentations of louse borne relapsing fever: Hospital-based study

Background Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) remains a cause of sporadic illness and occasional outbreaks in Ethiopia and other east African countries in overcrowded and unhygienic settings. In this article, we present clinical profiles and treatment outcome of patients treated as confirmed or probable cases of LBRF at Jimma Medical Center (JMC) in southwest Ethiopia. Methods Patients treated as confirmed or probable cases of LBRF at JMC during a period of May–July 2022 were prospectively followed during their course of hospital stay. All patients were evaluated with blood film for hemoparasites, complete blood count, and liver enzymes on hospital presentation. They were followed with daily clinical evaluation during their hospital stay. Result Thirty-six patients were treated as cases of LBRF. All patients except one were from Jimma Main Prison in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. All the patients were male with mean age of 28.7 years (SD = 12.7). The diagnosis of LBRF was confirmed by detection of B. recurrentis in blood film of 14 (38.9%) of the patients; the rest were treated as presumptive case of LBRF. Fever, reported by all patients, and an acute onset epistaxis, 30 (83.3%), were the major reasons for healthcare visits. Twenty-two (61.1%) patients were having thrombocytopenia with a platelet count < 150,000/μL; nine (25%) of which had severe forms (<50,000/μL). All patients were treated with oral doxycycline and discharged with improvement after a mean length of hospital stay of 4.25 days (SD = 0.77), range 2–6 days. Public health emergency was activated within two days of the first cases and helped in delousing all the cases and their contacts. Conclusion LBRF remains a public health problem in Ethiopia in settings with poor personal hygiene. Patients with LBRF may present with severe thrombocytopenia and life-threatening bleeding. Early detection and treatment initiation prevents outbreak propagation and improves treatment outcome.
Joint Discussion 4 UV astronomy: stars from birth to death

Abstract The scientific program is presented as well a the abstracts of the contributions. An extended account is published in “The Ultraviolet Universe: stars from birth to death” (Ed. Gómez de Castro) published by the Editorial Complutense de Madrid (UCM), that can be accessed by electronic format through the website of the Network for UV Astronomy (www.ucm.es/info/nuva). There are five telescopes currently in orbit that have a UV capability of some description. At the moment, only FUSE provides any medium- to high-resolution spectroscopic capability. GALEX, the XMM UV-Optical Telescope (UVOT) and the Swift. UVOT mainly delivers broad-band imaging, but with some low-resolution spectroscopy using grisms. The primary UV spectroscopic capability of HST was lost when the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph failed in 2004, but UV imaging is still available with the HST-WFPC2 and HST-ACS instruments. With the expected limited lifetime of sl FUSE, UV spectroscopy will be effectively unavailable in the short-term future. Even if a servicing mission of HST does go ahead, to install COS and repair STIS, the availability of high-resolution spectroscopy well into the next decade will not have been addressed. Therefore, it is important to develop new missions to complement and follow on from the legacy of FUSE and HST, as well as the smaller imaging/low resolution spectroscopy facilities. This contribution presents an outline of the UV projects, some of which are already approved for flight, while others are still at the proposal/study stage of their development. This contribution outlines the main results from Joint Discussion 04 held during the IAU General Assembly in Prague, August 2006, concerning the rationale behind the needs of the astronomical community, in particular the stellar astrophysics community, for new UV instrumentation. Recent results from UV observations were presented and future science goals were laid out. These goals will lay the framework for future mission planning.
Influence of Gyration Radius and Collisions on Hydromagnetic Stability

The stability of low‐pressure equilibrium configurations is analyzed considering regimes where the effects of ion Larmor radius and collisions are important. The theory is based on the asymptotic solution of moment equations derived from the Fokker‐Planck equation. Purely growing interchange modes are found with growth rates proportional to η∥/a2, where η∥ is the longitudinal electrical resistivity and a the ion gyro‐radius. The class of modes of this type which are not localized and a new class, of electrostatic and localized modes, are shown to have the same growth rates. Nonlocalized tearing‐type modes are found to be overstable and have growth rates proportional to η∥/a⅔. When the ion gyro‐radius effects are relatively large, the presence of a resistivity gradient in the equilibrium is shown not to modify tearing modes nor introduce new localized modes because of thermal conductivity along the magnetic field. For all the instabilities mentioned the width of the region where collisional effects are imp.
Two-photon detachment cross sections for O-, Cu-, Ag- and Au- at 1064 nm

Absolute two-photon detachment cross sections were determined for irradiation of oxygen, copper, silver and gold negative ions at a wavelength of 1064 nm. A 12 ns Q-switched ND:YAG laser and ion beams of keV energies were employed. Results were derived from measurement of the onset of depletion saturation at higher laser intensity. The respective cross sections in units of 10-49 cm4 s are 0.42 (-0.16, +0.19) (O-), 1.6 (-0.6, +0.7) (Cu-), 3.1 (-1.1, +1.3) (Ag-) and 0.39 (-0.16, +0.19) (Au-).
Breathing and Tilting: Mesoscale Simulations Illuminate Influenza Glycoprotein Vulnerabilities

Influenza virus has resurfaced recently from inactivity during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising serious concerns about the nature and magnitude of future epidemics. The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented. Here, we investigate the dynamics of influenza glycoproteins in a crowded protein environment through mesoscale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of two evolutionary-linked glycosylated influenza A whole-virion models. Our simulations reveal and kinetically characterize three main molecular motions of influenza glycoproteins: NA head tilting, HA ectodomain tilting, and HA head breathing. The flexibility of HA and NA highlights antigenically relevant conformational states, as well as facilitates the characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody, derived from convalescent human donor, that binds to the underside of the NA head. Our work provides previously unappreciated views on the dynamics of HA and NA, advancing the understanding of their interplay and suggesting possible strategies for the design of future vaccines and antivirals against influenza.
Coherency matrix description of optical polarization singularities

The polarization figures of strictly monochromatic, elliptically polarized light are true ellipses only at particular points in time; at other times, and in other fields, the figures differ from ellipses, and can often exhibit a bewildering variety of complex shapes. A modified real coherency matrix of the field, M, is shown to provide a convenient representation of the polarization figures in arbitrary monochromatic, and arbitrary polychromatic, two dimensional, and three dimensional, not necessarily stationary, electromagnetic fields that are observed at arbitrary times for arbitrary intervals. The eigenvalues of M permit a simple classification of the polarization figures, and their singularities; the eigenvectors of M define the important line of sight down which the singularities are properly viewed; the zeros of the discriminant of the characteristic equation of M track the path of the singularities through space. Instructive examples are discussed that illustrate the utility of this particular matrix approach to optical polarization.
The jacobian conjecture: linear triangularizatlon for cubics in dimension three

It is proved that a polynomial endomorphism of three space which is cubic homogeneous and whose jacobian determinant is a non-zero constant is linearly triangularizable, thereby furnishing a proof of the Jacobian Conjecture for this case. An example is given of a such cubic homogeneous map in dimension four for which linear triangularization fails. Explicit polynomial conditions on the coefficients of a polynomial map are derived which are necessary and sufficient for the jacobian matrix to be invertible. Using these conditions, methods are proposed for dealing with higher dimensional cases of the Jacobian Conjecture.
Genomics Reveals Exceptional Phylogenetic Diversity Within a Narrow-Range Flightless Insect

Abstract Range-restricted upland taxa are prone to population bottlenecks and thus typically have low genetic diversity, making them particularly vulnerable to environmental change. In this study, we used a combination of genotyping-by-sequencing (10,419 SNPs) and mitochondrial COI sequencing to test for population genetic structure within the narrow-range flightless sub-alpine stonefly Zelandoperla maungatuaensis Foster. This species is restricted to only a handful of upland streams along a 4 km stretch of the isolated Maungatua range in southeast New Zealand. We identified striking genetic structure across the narrow range of Z. maungatuaensis, with three deeply divergent allopatric lineages detected. These distinct lineages likely diverged in the early-mid Pleistocene, apparently persisting in separate microrefugia throughout subsequent glacial cycles. Our results illustrate how secondary flight loss can facilitate insect diversification across fine spatial scales, and demonstrate that intraspecific phylogenetic diversity cannot necessarily be predicted from range-size alone. Additional demographic analyses are required to better understand the conservation status of these divergent Z. maungatuaensis lineages, and to assess their potential susceptibility to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts.
PARALLEL FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF 3D INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS: FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS

SUMMARY Massively parallel finite element computations of 3D, unsteady incompressible flows, including those involving fluid-structure interactions, are presented. The computations with time-varying spatial domains are based on the deforming spatial domaidstabilized spacetime (DSD/SST) finite element formulation. The capability to solve 3D problems involving fluid-structure interactions is demonstrated by investigating the dynamics of a flexible cantilevered pipe conveying fluid. Computations of flow past a stationary rectangular wing at Reynolds number 1000, 2500 and lo7 reveal interesting flow patterns. In these computations, at each time step approximately 3 x lo6 non-linear equations are solved to update the flow field. Also, preliminary results are presented for flow past a wing in flapping motion. In this case a specially designed mesh moving scheme is employed to eliminate the need for remeshing. All these computations are canied out on the Amy High Performance Computing Research Center supercomputers CM-200 and CM-5, with major speed-ups compared with traditional supercomputers. The coupled equation systems arising from the finite element discretizations of these large-scale problems are solved iteratively with diagonal preconditioners. In some cases, to reduce the memory requirements even further, these iterations are carried out with a matrix-fiee strategy. The finite element formulations and their parallel implementations assume unstructured meshes.
Implications of a Dating Analysis of Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) for the Origins of Phoresis in Feather Lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae)

Abstract Hippoboscidae (Samouelle 1819) is a family of blood feeding Diptera, which can be phoretic vectors for parasitic feather lice (Philopteridae Burmeister 1838). Hippoboscid flies are understood to provide opportunities for increased instances of dispersal and host-switching for feather lice. This intimate relationship between hippoboscid fly and feather louse may have hypothetically existed since the origin of avian-specialized Hippoboscidae. Thus, phoretic dispersal may have affected patterns of diversification in feather lice over millions of years. To test this, a dating analysis of a previously published Hippoboscoidea data set was performed using known fossil calibrations. The results of the dating analysis suggest Hippoboscoidea diversified shortly after the K-Pg boundary, similar to their modern vertebrate hosts. A maximum age of the avian feeding Ornithomyini is estimated to have occurred around the origin of parasitic feather lice. This maximum divergence date suggest this phoretic relationship could have existed for much of the diversification of avian feather lice and had the potential to influence patterns of diversification due to dispersal and host-switching among avian hosts.
Dynamic ID randomization for user privacy in mobile network

Mobile and telecommunication networking uses temporary and random identifiers (IDs) to protect user privacy. For greater intelligence and security o the communications between the core network and the mobile user, we design and build a dynamic randomization scheme for the temporary IDs for mobile networking, including 5G and 6G. Our work for ID randomization (ID‐RZ) advances the existing state‐of‐the‐art ID re‐allocation approach in 5G in the following ways. First, ID‐RZ for ID updates is based on computing, as opposed to incurring networking for the re‐allocation‐based updates, and is designed for lightweight and low‐latency mobile systems. Second, ID‐RZ changes IDs proactively (as opposed to updating based on explicit networking event triggers) and provides stronger security (by increasing the randomness and frequency of ID updates). We build on the standard cryptographic primitives for security (e.g., hash) and implement our dynamic randomization scheme in the 5G networking protocol to validate its design purposes, which include time efficiency (two to four orders of magnitude quicker than the re‐allocation approach) and appropriateness for mobile applications.
on the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak at 24

37 Background: A novel coronavirus named as “SARS-CoV-2” has spread widely in many countries since 38 December 2019, especially in China. This study aimed to quantify the age-specific transmissibility by 39 using a mathematical model. 40 Methods: An age-specific susceptible – exposed – symptomatic – asymptomatic – recovered – 41 seafood market (SEIARW) model was developed based on two suspected transmission routes (from 42 market to person and person to person). The susceptible people from Wuhan City were divided into 43 different age groups. We used the subscript i and j to represent age group 1 to 4 ( i ≠ j ; 1: ≤ 14 years; 2: 44
T he I mpact of O utsourcing S chools in L iberia to O mega S chools after T hree Y ears 1

Outsourcing the management of 19 randomly-selected government primary schools in Liberia to Omega Schools led to learning losses of -0.08 σ after three years, equivalent to reading roughly -1.4 fewer words per minute. Beyond learning effects, Omega had no impact on access (dropout and enrollment), corporal punishment, or sexual abuse. Overall, Omega Schools were unable to improve test scores, access, or child safety.
ArchiMate Metamodel for Environmental Management Systems ISO 14001 Standard

The research paper deals with the ISO 14001 standard to integrate and improve the operation of environmental management systems (EMS), which are currently being actively adopted or maintained by companies worldwide. Utilizing EMS is either due to internal factors or external pressures, with the prevailing reason of customer, community, and company image. For easing the use of the EMS, a metamodel based on the ArchiMate language is developed. ArchiMate is a widely accepted open standard designed to model enterprise architecture. ArchiMate facilitates holistic, structured understanding and enables communication about the enterprise and its parts between different stakeholders. The contribution of this paper lies in: Firstly, the creation of an ISO 14001 metamodel based on the UML (Unified Modeling Language) domain diagram. Secondly, model mapping between this UML metamodel and the resulting ArchiMate metamodel. Finally, the resulting metamodel is ready to be used by enterprises in practice. Moreover, the metamodel could be further modified and enhanced for, e.g., domain-specific industries.
μSwitch: Fast Kernel Context Isolation with Implicit Context Switches

Isolating application components is crucial to limit the exposure of sensitive data and code to vulnerabilities in the untrusted components. Process-based isolation is the de facto isolation used in practice, e.g., web browsers. However, it incurs significant performance overhead and is typically infeasible when frequent switches between isolation domains are expected. To address this problem, many intra-process memory isolation techniques have been proposed using novel kernel abstractions, recent CPU extensions (e.g., Intel® MPK), and software-based fault isolation (e.g., WebAssembly). However, these techniques insufficiently isolate kernel resources, such as file descriptors, or do so by incurring high overheads when resources are accessed. Other work virtualizes the kernel context inside a privileged user space domain, but this is ad-hoc, error-prone, and provides only limited kernel functionalities.We propose μSwitch, an efficient kernel context isolation mechanism with memory protection that addresses these limitations. We use a protected structure, shared by the kernel and the user space, for context switching and propose implicit context switching to improve its performance by deferring the kernel resource switch to the next system call. We apply μSWITCH to isolate libraries in the Firefox web browser and an HTTP server, and reduce the overhead of isolation by 32.7% to 98.4% compared with other isolation techniques.
Pupils' proof potential

Proving is an activity which occurs only implicitly in the UK school mathematics curriculum: the present advice is for pupils to engage in personal investigations and problem solving so as to promote process skills such as conjecturing, generalizing, and justifying. This article describes the proof practices of a sample of year 10 pupils. The evidence indicates that a few pupils were able to justify accessible statements using logical arguments and that the type and structure of the mathematical activities in the classroom may need to be changed in order to motivate all pupils to justify by logical reasoning rather than by empirical evidence.
Calibration of an inertial-magnetic measurement unit without external equipment, in the presence of dynamic magnetic disturbances

Inertial-magnetic measurement units are inexpensive sensors, widely used in electronic systems (smartphones, GPS, micro-UAV, etc). However the precision of these sensors is highly dependent on their calibration. This article proposes a complete solution to calibrate the sensors (accelerometers, gyrometers and magnetometers), the inter-sensor rotations and the dynamic disturbances of the magnetic field due to the immediate environment. Contrary to most of the existing techniques, the proposed method does not necessitate any external equipment, apart from the sensors already included in the system. The calibration can be performed by hand manipulation by the final user. Simulations and experiments show the advantages of the proposed approach.