Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locality, causality and continuations

Concurrency and distribution are topics exacerbated by the omnipresence of Internet. Although many languages address these topics, few offer a real opportunity to control and coordinate widely spread dynamic computations. This paper presents such a language and its prominent features. Besides explaining the software architecture of the implementation (based on objects and generic functions), it also presents an original coherency protocol for shared mutable variables. We first recall, in Section 1, the main features of our Scheme-based, concurrent, distributed and computation-oriented language already presented in more details and examples in [QD93]. Section 2 explains how to systematically implement a concurrent and distributed interpreter for that language, using a set of program transformations combining Abstract Continuation Passing Style (ACPS) and Object-Oriented Lifting. The originality of this implementation is that it chiefly uses objects and generic functions in a style that allows to concentrate the problems related to concurrency and migration of computations into the sole discriminating behavior of generic functions. ACPS is not only used to reify continuations but also to enforce locality of computations in presence of distal objects. In Section 3, we propose a new (to our knowledge) protocol to manage shared mutable variables. This protocol enhances [MSRN92], does not require atomic broadcast, tolerates short communication breakdowns and uses bounded circular clocks. This result comes from the use of a distributed GC (which allows us to maintain an approximation of Global Virtual Time) and from the exploitation of causality as stated by continuations. To give a continuation a value (and a store) clearly expresses that the computations that are present in the continuation causally depend on the invoker of the continuation. Finally the computation-orientation of our language and mainly the ability to control groups of threads, concurrently running on multiple sites for the completion of the evaluation of a single expression, is shortly sketched in Section 4. As usual, related works and conclusions end this paper.
1,3-Di-4-pyridylpropane–2-hydroxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (1/2)

In the title compound, C13H14N2·2C8H6O5, which crystallized in the monoclinic C2/c space group, the 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane molecules and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid molecules are alternately linked by O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into herringbone/zigzag chains.
Hodnocení a ochrana krajinného rázu ve vybraném území

Diplomova prace se zabýva preventivnim hodnocenim krajinneho razu katastralniho uzemi Rabstejn nad Střelou. Hodnocene uzemi se rozprostira v uzemi přirodniho parku Horni Střela a je zde take vyhlaseno maloplosne zvlastě chraněne uzemi přirodni rezervace Střela. Výzkumna oblast mimo přirodniho bohatstvi oplýva take bohatou historickou zastavbou. Ve výzkumne casti je zaměřeno na analýzu razu krajiny Rabstejna nad Střelou. Uzemi bylo zhodnoceno na zakladě identifikovaných přirodnich, kulturnich a historických znaků a hodnot krajinneho razu. Ke každemu ze zjistěných znaků byl urcen jeho význam, projev a cennost. Pro katastralni uzemi pak byla urcena mira dochovalosti krajinneho razu, jeho esteticka hodnota a stupeň ochrany. Na zakladě analýzy byly stanoveny konkretni navrhy na zvýseni hodnoty krajinneho razu.
Journaling of journal is (almost) free

Lightweight databases and key-value stores manage the consistency and reliability of their own data, often through rollback-recovery journaling or write-ahead logging. They further rely on file system journaling to protect the file system structure and metadata. Such journaling of journal appears to violate the classic end-to-end argument for optimal database design. In practice, we observe a significant cost (up to 73% slowdown) by adding the Ext4 file system journaling to the SQLite database on a Google Nexus 7 tablet running a Ubuntu Linux installation. The cost of file system journaling is up to 58% on a conventional machine with an Intel 311 SSD. In this paper, we argue that such cost is largely due to implementation limitations of the existing system. We apply two simple techniques--ensuring a single I/O operation on the synchronous commit path, and adaptively allowing each file to have a custom journaling mode (in particular, whether to journal the file data in addition to the metadata). Compared to SQLite without file system journaling, our enhanced journaling improves the performance or incurs minor (<6%) slowdown on all but one of our 24 test cases (with 14% slowdown in the exceptional case). On average, our enhanced journaling implementation improves the SQLite performance by 7%.
A hybrid partial least squares and random forest approach to modelling forest structural attributes using multispectral remote sensing data

To ensure sustainable planning and management within a commercial forest plantation, forest inventory data that is up to date has become increasingly essential and necessary. Data for these measurements may be collected in the form of traditional field based approaches or using remote sensing techniques. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of the partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF) and a PLSR-RF hybrid machine learning approach for the prediction of four forest structural attributes: (basal area, volume, dominant tree height and mean tree height) within a commercial Eucalyptus forest plantation using a combination of spectral and textural information of high spatial resolution (0.15m) remote sensing data. The best model for this study was produced for mature E. dunii species for dominant tree height using the PLSR-RF hybrid model (R 2 = 0.82 and RMSE = 207m). The results of this study highlight the robustness and potential of the PLSR-RF hybrid model for the prediction of forest structural attributes using high resolution imagery within a commercial Eucalyptus forest plantation.
Geospatial data analysis. Route construction for shared travel

The goal of this work is the discovery of travel demand patterns and route construction from timestamped trajectories. This problem is important for transportation network design, traﬃc planning, recommendation systems, routing suggestions, and various others. The more concrete question is “Where to put k vehicle routes to maximise the usefulness of the transportation system for its users. ” We say the transportation system satisﬁes a user if they are not required to walk a large distance. This results in another question “If each user is willing to walk a maximum distance d , where to put k vehicle routes? ” The proposed algorithms construct routes on a road network graph. To evaluate we use three real-life taxi trajectory datasets from San Francisco, Rome, and New York, and the associated network graphs. We calculate the total time users spend in the system and the ratio of satisﬁed users. We compare our measured results with two baselines: naive endpoint clustering in Euclidean space and placing equidistant routes. First, we show that the problem can be formulated as submodular optimisation. We design a method of route construction based on the submodular maximisation which greedily maximises the number of satisﬁed users. It produces reasonable results as evaluated using the total time users spend in the system and the ratio of satisﬁed users. However, it is not performant when the number of input trips is large. Then, we devise an angular dual space which is based on a geometric construction into which we transform our input trip segments and then apply clustering. This method is generally faster than the submodular optimisation.
Laboratory H2O:CO2 ice desorption data: entrapment dependencies and its parameterization with an extended three-phase model

Context. Ice desorption affects the evolution of the gas-phase chemistry during the protostellar stage, and also determines the chemical composition of comets forming in circumstellar disks. From observations, most volatile species are found in H 2 O-dominated ices. Aims. The aim of this study is first to experimentally determine how entrapment of volatiles in H 2 O ice depends on ice thickness, mixture ratio and heating rate, and second, to introduce an extended three-phase model (gas, ice surface and ice mantle) to describe ice mixture desorption with a minimum number of free parameters. Methods. Thermal H 2 O:CO 2 ice desorption is investigated in temperature programmed desorption experiments of thin (10-40 ML) ice mixtures under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Desorption is simultaneously monitored by mass spectrometry and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy. The H 2 O:CO 2 experiments are complemented with selected H 2 O:CO, and H 2 O:CO 2 :CO experiments. The results are modeled with rate equations that connect the gas, ice surface and ice mantle phases through surface desorption and mantle-surface diffusion. Results. The fraction of trapped CO 2 increases with ice thickness (10-32 ML) and H 2 O:CO 2 mixing ratio (5:1-10:1), but not with one order of magnitude different heating rates. The fraction of trapped CO 2 is 44―84% with respect to the initial CO 2 content for the investigated experimental conditions. This is reproduced quantitatively by the extended three-phase model that is introduced here. The H 2 O:CO and H 2 O:CO 2 :CO experiments are consistent with the H 2 O:CO 2 desorption trends, suggesting that the model can be used for other ice species found in the interstellar medium to significantly improve the parameterization of ice desorption.
The relationship between the amount of edema and functional capacity and annexin V and ICAM 1 in patients with heart failure

ABSTRACT Objective: Edema, one of the common findings of congestive heart failure, can be seen in the form of pretibi-al, scrotal or pulmonary edema and always undesired changes the quality of life of patients. Some studies have previously demonstrated the correlation of some cytokines and inflammation markers with heart failure. This study purposed to investigate the relevance of the amount of edema and functional capacity with ICAM 1 and annexin V in heart failure patients. Methods: The study included a total of 40 individuals, 20 of whom were diagnosed with heart failure and 20 of whom were enrolled as the control group. Edema grades and functional capacities were scored and noted. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography. ICAM 1 and annex-in V levels were compared between the patient and control groups. The correlation between the grade of edema and functional capacity and ICAM 1 and annexin V levels was examined. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off point. Results: There was a significant difference in both ICAM 1 and annexin V levels in the patient group compared to the control group (ICAM 1 58.14±25.65 ng/mL, 36.04±14.14 ng/mL, p<0.05; annexin V 9.84±1.86 ng/mL, 8.39±0.61 ng/mL, p<0.05). Analyzes showed a correlation between increased degrees of edema and decreased functional capacity and levels of ICAM 1 and annexin V. Conclusion: The results of this study may contribute to the prediction that ICAM 1 can be a new goal for the treatment of heart failure and that annexin V can be an auxiliary test for the diagnosis. It is believed that this contribution can be expanded by studies with a larger sample size.
Learning Patterns: a pattern language for creative learning II

In this paper we present a pattern language for learners who want to learn better without killing their creativity. In order to tell a 'knack' about the way of learning we apply the method of pattern language, which was originally proposed in architectural design and became famous in software design. Our proposed pattern language for creative learners, which we named "Learning Patterns," consists of 40 patterns. Each pattern is described in the same format; pattern number, pattern name, introduction, illustration, context, problem, forces, solution, actions, and related patterns. Although Learning patterns were originally developed in order to support learning of university students, we think it can be applied to any learners in various situations like engineering, business, science, and everyday life due to their fine abstract descriptions as a pattern language. In this paper, we show the overview of the 40 patterns and four patterns in detail. Note that other five patterns have been presented in our previous paper at PLoP09 [1].
7 Conclusions Many Thanks To

We present a new method for local obstacle avoidance by indoor mobile r obots that formulates the pr oblem as one of constrained optimization in velocity space. Constraints that stem fr om physical limitations (velocities and accelerations) and the envir onment (the configuration of obstacles) ar e placed on the translational and r otational velocities of the r obot. The r obot chooses velocity commands that satisfy all the constraints and maximize an objective function that trades off speed, safety and goaldirectedness. An efficient, r eal-time implementation of the method has been extensively tested, demonstrating reliable, smooth and speedy navigation in office environments. The obstacle avoidance method is used as the basis of mor e sophisticated navigation behaviors, ranging from simple wandering to map-based navigation.
Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) - based paste as intracanal dressing, in matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in dog’s periapical lesions

Objectives: High expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions plays an important role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-based endodontic paste as an intracanal dressing on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions. Materials and Methodss: Periapical lesions were experimentally induced in 35 mature beagle dog premolars randomly divided into healthy teeth, untreated periapical lesions, periapical lesionstreated in a single session, and periapical lesions treated in two sessions with EGCG or calcium hydroxide-based pastes. The operator monitored the animals and performed euthanasia after 120 days for histopathologic and immuno�uorescence analyses to assess the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Then we perform the statistical analysis. Results: Endodontic treatment in two sessions using EGCG and calcium hydroxide-based pastes provided similar levels of repair of the apical and periapical tissues and neoformation of periodontal ligament �bers, cementum and alveolar bone. In both groups, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was minimal,and it was observed in the cytoplasm of �broblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblasts, cementocytes and vascular endothelium. In healthy teeth, the expression of MMPs was minimal and was found in odontoblasts. Endodontic treatment in a single session did not result in full repair of periapical lesions, and they presented intense expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, including in the cytoplasm of persistent in�ammatory cells, similar to untreated lesions. In both groups treated in two sessions, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was similar to that in healthy teeth, and it was signi�cantly lower than that in periapical lesions treated in a single session or untreated (p <0.001). Conclusions: The use of EGCG-based endodontic paste reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and allowed for the repair of periapical lesions, similar to calcium hydroxide-based paste, and it was superior to treatment performed in a single session. Clinical Relevance: This study was the �rst one that evaluated the use of EGCG-based paste as intracanal treatment resulted in a reduction of the expression of MMPs 2 and 9 and repair of periapical lesions, similarly to calcium hydroxide-based paste.
Self-organizing periodicity in development: organ positioning in plants

ABSTRACT Periodic patterns during development often occur spontaneously through a process of self-organization. While reaction-diffusion mechanisms are often invoked, other types of mechanisms that involve cell-cell interactions and mechanical buckling have also been identified. Phyllotaxis, or the positioning of plant organs, has emerged as an excellent model system to study the self-organization of periodic patterns. At the macro scale, the regular spacing of organs on the growing plant shoot gives rise to the typical spiral and whorled arrangements of plant organs found in nature. In turn, this spacing relies on complex patterns of cell polarity that involve feedback between a signaling molecule – the plant hormone auxin – and its polar, cell-to-cell transport. Here, we review recent progress in understanding phyllotaxis and plant cell polarity and highlight the development of new tools that can help address the remaining gaps in our understanding. Summary: This Review discusses our current understanding of phyllotaxis and the classes of models proposed to explain the roles of auxin and its efflux carrier PIN1 in determining cell polarity patterns in the Arabidopsis shoot.
Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris; Amphibia, Ranidae)

The Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) has a widespread distribution in western Canada and the western US, although the southern reach of its range is highly fragmented into several isolated populations. Threats from various factors have raised concerns regarding the long‐term survival of many small, isolated populations. Here, we report a study designed to determine the phylogeographic and conservation genetic parameters of R. luteiventris in the western US. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were examined for phylogeographic structuring using phylogenetic reconstruction methods, coupled with networking and nested clade analyses. These methods permitted a distinction to be made between historic and demographic forces acting to generate geographical patterning of genetic variation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four geographically correlated monophyletic clades. Three of these clades correspond to well‐defined, nonoverlapping geographical locations in the fragmented portion of the range. The other is comprised of all samples collected from the contiguous range and includes one isolate from northern Wyoming. Networking and nested clade analyses confirmed these results and revealed that historical processes, such as range expansion and vicariance, rather than recurrent gene flow are likely responsible for observed patterns of genetic variation. A measure of genetic variation (θ = 4Neµ) revealed that R. luteiventris populations in Utah have a relatively low amount of genetic variation compared with populations in the continuous portion of the range.
Response surface methodology optimization of oil removal using banana peel as biosorbent

Improper waste management of oil causes environmental pollution particularly water pollution. Conventional method in treating oil contaminants are expensive and have low removal efficiency, hence the use of natural adsorbent is suggested because of its reliability and affordability. This study aimed to use banana peel as a biosorbent for oil removal and the application of response surface methodology to identify the optimum conditions of oil removal. The adsorptive capacity of household wastes derived from banana peel towards oil were studied by using different parameters such as oil concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. Maximum oil adsorption of 98.86% was achieved using banana peel. The optimum conditions for oil removal were found at a dosage of 4.94 g, for 10.29 hours contact time and the initial oil concentration as high as 8.74%. The rate of oil adsorption was mathematically described as a function of experimental parameters and was modelled through response surface methodology via Box-Behnken design. The results showed that the responses of oil adsorption were significantly affected by the quadratic term of oil concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA which indicated good correlation of experimental parameters.
A Psychologically Motivated Model of Word Learning

We present an on-line computational model that aims to bridge the gap between formal and psychological studies of word learning. Like the model of Fazly et al. (2010), our model incrementally processes input data rather than using iterative optimization to derive the lexicon over the entire corpus of learning instances (Yu & Ballard 2007, Frank et al. 2009). Unlike Fazly et al. (2010), our model incorporates recent experimental findings (Medina et al. 2010, 2011) which suggest a simpler learning mechanism than that assumed by most recent computational studies beginning with Siskind (1996). Our approach models word learning with a general class of mechanisms in which linguistic hypotheses (word-to-meaning mappings) are probabilistically assessed and evaluated against input data, similar to the variational model of parameter setting (Yang 2002). Following experimental results, our learner only considers one semantic hypothesis at a time for each word (partial cross-situational knowledge) rather than keeping track of all possibilities (full cross-situational knowledge). We show that this simpler mechanism can produce competitive results when tested on annotated child-directed English input. Motivation It is usually assumed that children learn the meanings of their first words by storing a large number of situations during which a word is uttered in memory and then finding the commonalities across these experiences. Two recent studies have challenged this idea. Instead, they suggest that learners consider one candidate meaning at a time, and converge to the target by making and testing hypotheses of word meaning against sequences of learning instances. Medina et al. (2010) used a procedure in which subjects heard nonsense words accompanying objects on a screen and were asked, for each word, to click on the object they thought it referred to (henceforth " clicking experiment "). Each word occurred with five different sets of objects, with an object representing the target meaning always present. Subjects could receive a highly informative (HI) instance (with only two objects to choose from rather than five) either as the first (HI first), third (HI middle), or last (HI last) instance for each word. If word learners were really accumulating full contextual data with each instance, one would expect performance on later instances to be significantly better than performance on earlier instances. However, subjects perform at chance level (50%) for all HI instances (see the left side of Fig. 1). Having a HI instance in the middle of the experiment was no better than having …
A glycophospholipid membrane anchor acts as an apical targeting signal in polarized epithelial cells

Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol- (GPI) anchored proteins contain a large extracellular protein domain that is linked to the membrane via a glycosylated form of phosphatidylinositol. We recently reported the polarized apical distribution of all endogenous GPI-anchored proteins in the MDCK cell line (Lisanti, M. P., M. Sargiacomo, L. Graeve, A. R. Saltiel, and E. Rodriguez-Boulan. 1988. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:9557-9561). To study the role of this mechanism of membrane anchoring in targeting to the apical cell surface, we use here decay- accelerating factor (DAF) as a model GPI-anchored protein. Endogenous DAF was localized on the apical surface of two human intestinal cell lines (Caco-2 and SK-CO15). Recombinant DAF, expressed in MDCK cells, also assumed a polarized apical distribution. Transfer of the 37-amino acid DAF signal for GPI attachment to the ectodomain of herpes simplex glycoprotein D (a basolateral antigen) and to human growth hormone (a regulated secretory protein) by recombinant DNA methods resulted in delivery of the fusion proteins to the apical surface of transfected MDCK cells. These results are consistent with the notion that the GPI anchoring mechanism may convey apical targeting information.