Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEMÁNTICA, SINTAXIS Y FONÉTICA: RECURSOS PROSÓDICOS DE LAS CONSTRUCCIONES CON "UNQUE

RESUMENEl trabajo se ocupa del analisis acustico perceptivo del contorno melodico de construc-ciones con un…que en el espanol de Buenos Aires. Dentro de estas construcciones ciertos casos realzan una parte del mensaje mientras que otros no lo hacen. Los investigadores describen estas diferencias semanticas de enfasis, pero no ofrecen mediciones de los con-tornos prosodicos. Dado el enfoque en el que se enmarca la investigacion se persigue el objetivo de establecer cientiﬁcamente si las diferencias en la intencion comunicativa pre-sentan correlatos en la prosodia. Sobre un cuerpo de datos de 100 casos, se midieron en pares contrastivos contornos de F0, energia y pausa en cuatro hablantes. Palabras claves: Espanol, gramatica y fonetica, clausulas relativas, realce, contorno melo-dico, pausa. * El presente trabajo esta insertado en el Proyecto UBACyT (F014) Enfoque Cognitivo Prototipico y gramatica aplicada a la ensenanza del espanol: Relaciones Sintacticas que se desarrolla bajo la direccion de la Dra. Claudia Borzi con sede en el Instituto de Linguistica de la Facultad de Filosofia y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El Proyecto tiene por objetivo teorico lograr la descripcion in-tegral del uso de ciertas construcciones del espanol de Buenos Aires para lo cual se estan llevando a cabo mediciones de fenomenos prosodicos en interrelacion con la descripcion semantico-gramatical de formas y construcciones. Desde el ano 2005, en el marco del Proyecto, la Dra. Maria Amalia Garcia Jurado tiene a su cargo el area de fonetica y fonologia.
On the Limits of Constitutional Liberalism: In Search of a Constitutional Reflexivity

Analyses of comparative constitutional law are frequently framed by a particular vision of constitutionalism that we call the 'structural-liberal' vision. This vision sees the purpose of constitutional as being one of limiting state power - its ‘liberal’ component - which is done through the construction of a particular set of institutional architectures - such as judicial constitutional review, judicial protection and enforcement of fundamental rights, separation of powers, rule of law, etc. - its 'structural component. ' In this paper, we argue that such analyses are incomplete. The structural-liberal vision is but one of a number of ways of conceptualizing constitutionalism. It is the product of a particular time and place, and reflects the particular concerns and experiences of that time and place. Conversely, there are other kinds of important constitutional concerns and experiences that the structural liberal-vision renders invisible. These include processes of constitutional emergence and evolution, and symbiotic relationships between constitutionalism and other aspects of the regulatory environment (such as the economic structure of the state). In order to be complete, analyses of comparative constitutional law need to be more attentive to the distinctive concerns and experiences of the subjects of their attention. This involves allowing the subject system to speak for itself within the context of the larger, human discussion of constitutionalism - an analytic methodology that we call constitutional reflexivity.
Unsupervised Feature Learning through Divergent Discriminative Feature Accumulation

Unlike unsupervised approaches such as autoencoders that learn to reconstruct their inputs, this paper introduces an alternative approach to unsupervised feature learning called divergent discriminative feature accumulation (DDFA) that instead continually accumulates features that make novel discriminations among the training set. Thus DDFA features are inherently discriminative from the start even though they are trained without knowledge of the ultimate classification problem. Interestingly, DDFA also continues to add new features indefinitely (so it does not depend on a hidden layer size), is not based on minimizing error, and is inherently divergent instead of convergent, thereby providing a unique direction of research for unsupervised feature learning. In this paper the quality of its learned features is demonstrated on the MNIST dataset, where its performance confirms that indeed DDFA is a viable technique for learning useful features.
Civil Society Organizations and Evaluation

The past two decades have seen a drastic increase in the role and expectations of civil society organizations (CSOs) in international development, placing greater demands on the evaluation of CSOs and associated programs.While there is much potential in CSOs, it is important to recognize the distinctly political and economic realities in which they operate. CSOs face formidable challenges, the foremost being dependency on donor funding and the resultant threat to CSO autonomy and performance. Does donor-required monitoring and evaluation (M&E) enhance or compromise CSO performance? Drawing upon research from the United Nations Office of the Special Coordinator of Africa and the Least Developed Countries (UN/ OSCAL) and the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (UN-OSAA), this article presents an overview of African CSOs, exploring key issues that can inform the international M&E community.
Exploring social and environmental factors affecting adolescents' participation in physical activity

This study explores the social factors that influence young people's participation in school and out of school physical activities. Fifty-two 16-year-old adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds in one suburban and one inner-city secondary school in the Midlands, UK, participated in group interviews which explored their perceptions about physical activity and the constraints they had experienced. The study suggests that involvement in physical activity is linked with students' social class, home environment and economic status. The level of participation of students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds was limited compared to their higher socioeconomic counterparts. Furthermore, adolescents' `cultural', physical' and `economic' capital were salient factors in their involvement in physical activity settings. This study stresses the need for better and wider provision of structured physical activity in schools in economically deprived areas to compensate for lower participation levels.
Low Self-Concept as a Cause of Drug Abuse

A study was done to determine if low self-concept is a common denominator as a causative factor of drug abuse among adolescents. An open-ended and forced choice sentence completion was the instrument used to question 37 adolescent members of a drug rehabilitation program. The results showed that 75.5% of the subjects considered low self-concept to be one cause of their turning to drugs and 91.9% felt that boredom and curiosity was another. 67.5% put the blame on peer pressure while 64.8% said they were pleasure seeking. It was concluded that boredom, curiosity and low self-concept were significant causes of drug abuse in many adolescents. The implications were for preventive programs aimed at keeping adolescents busy and interested in alternative activities and at enhancing self-concept and building self-esteem.
Discovering Functional Interdependence Relationship in PPI Networks for Protein Complex Identification

Protein molecules interact with each other in protein complexes to perform many vital functions, and different computational techniques have been developed to identify protein complexes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. These techniques are developed to search for subgraphs of high connectivity in PPI networks under the assumption that the proteins in a protein complex are highly interconnected. While these techniques have been shown to be quite effective, it is also possible that the matching rate between the protein complexes they discover and those that are previously determined experimentally be relatively low and the “false-alarm” rate can be relatively high. This is especially the case when the assumption of proteins in protein complexes being more highly interconnected be relatively invalid. To increase the matching rate and reduce the false-alarm rate, we have developed a technique that can work effectively without having to make this assumption. The name of the technique called protein complex identification by discovering functional interdependence (PCIFI) searches for protein complexes in PPI networks by taking into consideration both the functional interdependence relationship between protein molecules and the network topology of the network. The PCIFI works in several steps. The first step is to construct a multiple-function protein network graph by labeling each vertex with one or more of the molecular functions it performs. The second step is to filter out protein interactions between protein pairs that are not functionally interdependent of each other in the statistical sense. The third step is to make use of an information-theoretic measure to determine the strength of the functional interdependence between all remaining interacting protein pairs. Finally, the last step is to try to form protein complexes based on the measure of the strength of functional interdependence and the connectivity between proteins. For performance evaluation, PCIFI was used to identify protein complexes in real PPI network data and the protein complexes it found were matched against those that were previously known in MIPS. The results show that PCIFI can be an effective technique for the identification of protein complexes. The protein complexes it found can match more known protein complexes with a smaller false-alarm rate and can provide useful insights into the understanding of the functional interdependence relationships between proteins in protein complexes.
Cardiovascular and metabolic risks in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: pragmatic clinical management based on available evidence

Several studies suggest that patients with psoriasis and, in particular, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. These patients are also more likely to be obese and to have diabetes and fatty liver disease. This article discusses the association between psoriasis and PsA and cardiometabolic disorders, emphasising the need for better consideration of simple lifestyle interventions. It also highlights areas for future research and proposes a simple and pragmatic test portfolio to screen for cardiovascular risk and metabolic disorders in patients at higher risk.
Policing Human Trafficking

Since 2000, the federal government and all fifty states have passed laws that criminalize the trafficking of persons for labor and commercial sex. To date, relatively few human trafficking cases have been identified, investigated, and prosecuted by local criminal justice authorities. Using data from case records and qualitative interviews with police, prosecutors, and victim service providers in twelve counties, we discuss the challenges local police face in identifying cases of human trafficking. We find that the culture of local police agencies and the perceptions of police officials about human trafficking do not support the identification of a broad range of human trafficking cases. Since local definitions of human trafficking are still evolving, police focus on sex trafficking of minors, which they perceive to be the most serious problem facing their communities. Reluctance to differentiate between vice and sex trafficking minimizes the problem of human trafficking and makes labor trafficking seem largely nonexistent.
Cultural Diversity, Relocation, and the Security of International Students at an Internationalised University

The notion of security is an elusive concept that attracts varying interpretations. In this article, the authors adopt a definition that views security as a broadly applicable term that encompasses physical, social, and economic dimensions that relate to human rights, cultural difference, and relocation. The approach embraces the complexities of the security needs of international students in the context of a competitive and volatile education market. As Australia's largest international education provider, Monash University is an ideal setting within which to explore the security issues that arise for international students. Fifty-five interviewees including student representatives, frontline staff, and senior management share their experiences of working closely with Monash international students. The data is used to show that there are complex cultural differences in the notion of security and that being in an unfamiliar culture affects students' sense and level of security. Understanding these influences usefully translates into reflections on how well and by whom students' security needs are met.
A Call for Expanding Inclusive Student Engagement in SoTL

Scholars in higher education increasingly recognize the transformative potential of student-faculty partnerships focused on inquiry into teaching and learning. However, some students tend to be privileged in SoTL initiatives while others are discouraged, implicitly or explicitly, from engaging in this work. In this paper, we consider why certain students tend to be excluded from SoTL, summarize the possible developmental gains made by students and faculty when diverse student voices are included, and highlight strategies for generating a more inclusive SoTL. We call for expanding student engagement in SoTL by encouraging a diversity of student voices to engage in co-inquiry with faculty. Inclusive engagement has tremendous potential to enhance student and faculty learning, to deepen SoTL initiatives, and to help redress the exclusionary practices that too often occur in higher education.
Risk experience, information, and chance discovery: focusing on earthquakes in China

This paper aims to examine the status quo of people's perception for coping with earthquakes, and the effects of risk experience and risk information to promote risk management in China. Questionnaire surveys were carried out before and after the Sichuan earthquake in China, and the same surveys were also conducted in Japan and the USA. The survey results clarified that the respondents in China showed lower levels of anxiety and higher self-evaluation of risk coping than did the Japanese respondents. The effect of risk experience was observed as the awareness and counter-measures with respect to earthquakes improved, especially among Chengdu's residents after the Sichuan earthquake. Significant effect from obtaining information on actual risk management action was also observed.
Snowmelt Runoff and Water Yield Along Elevation and Temperature Gradients in California’s Southern Sierra Nevada 1

Hunsaker, Carolyn T. , Thomas W. Whitaker, and Roger C. Bales, 2012. Snowmelt Runoff and Water Yield Along Elevation and Temperature Gradients in California’s Southern Sierra Nevada. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 667‐678. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012. 00641.x
The social lives of handmade things: configuring value in post‐apartheid South Africa

Taking Arjun Appadurai’s suggestive argument about the ‘social lives’ of things as its starting point, this paper traces the pathways of two commodities for sale in South Africa: a pottery bowl and a resin spoon. Both these objects acquire their value in part from the quality of being handmade. The aim of this paper is not to demystify the claim to value made by either the pottery bowl or the resin spoon, nor to judge one or the other as the more ‘authentic’ expression of a resistance to the contemporary reifications of the everyday. Instead, it explores a family resemblance between these two objects and traces the way in which, within contemporary global ‘regimes of value’, what is handmade acquires value. If, as Jean and John Comaroff suggest, neo‐liberalism ideologically constructs a world of increasing abstraction, the trajectories of these two objects reveal how both locality and work return in an attenuated form as attributes of commodities.
Children's and adolescents' narratives of guilt: Antecedents and mentalization

In this study, situational antecedents and mentalization of guilt were examined by asking children and adolescents for written narratives. The sample of 240 participants, aged between 9 years and 15 years 6 months, was divided into two groups of 120 children (M = 9 years and 7 months; SD = 0.4) and 120 adolescents (M = 14 years and 7 months; SD = 0.4). Participants displayed typical development, were recruited at schools in Milan city, and came from middle-class backgrounds. There was an equal number of males and females in each of the two age groups. Both content analysis for antecedents and mental states language analysis for mentalization were applied to the texts. We found that the distribution of guilt antecedents varied as a function of age, and only in the adolescent group as a function of gender. We also found that the use of mental states language varied very significantly with age, but not with gender. The results support the idea that in the transition from childhood to adolescence antecedents shift their focus from externalizing behaviours to internal thoughts and intentions; in addition, a more advanced ability to represent and reflect on the experience of feeling guilty is acquired.
Free-space optical links for latency-tolerant traffic

Peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic and other latency-tolerant data sources form a large portion of present-day backbone traffic. Traffic shaping has been introduced to reduce the amount of P2P traffic at the expense of the end-user experience. In this work, free-space optical (FSO) links are proposed as a means to connect internet service providers to the backbone to carry latency-tolerant traffic. Although FSO links are less reliable than fibre, they are inexpensive and able to provide high throughput for traffic, which is able to tolerate delay. Single and adaptive modulation schemes are designed with the goal of maximising the throughput of the FSO link over a period of time rather than maximising the instantaneous reliability. Real world weather and visibility data from a major Canadian city are used to evaluate various techniques in terms of throughput, availability and outage. For a fixed modulation FSO system, four-pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) supports a yearly average rate of near 1.5 Gbps for a 1 km range, whereas conventional on off-keying (OOK) achieves 880 Mbps. With additional channel feedback data, adaptive modulation has over double the average throughput of OOK using four different PAM modulation schemes.
Mining Popular Paths in a Transportation Database System with Privacy Protection

This paper proposes an algorithm to identify popular paths in a transportation system, while the privacy of drivers is preserved. A popular path is one of the most frequently used routes between any two points in a road map. In order to identify popular paths with privacy protection, the algorithm figures out what information is useless for identifying popular paths, and this information is not revealed to the data mining system so that privacy is preserved. In addition, the system does not record the identifications of the vehicles. Moreover, in the mining process, the database does not contain complete path information. The experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm and show that the proposed algorithm is scalable.
Space-Time Codes Versus Random Beamforming in Cooperative Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

We consider a multi-hop wireless sensor network in which a large number of sensor nodes are grouped into cooperative clusters. Multi-hop transmission is carried out between the source and the destination nodes by concatenating consecutive cluster-to-cluster hops. For each hop, both the transmit and the receive clusters can exploit node cooperation such that cooperative distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels can be formed. As proposed in [1], a time-division protocol is employed for transmissions within a cluster and between clusters, i.e., the intra-cluster slot is used for broadcasting within the transmit cluster, and the inter-cluster slot is used for transmissions between clusters. Distinguished from the scheme in [1] that space-time codes (STC) are utilized for inter-cluster transmissions, random beamforming is proposed in this paper, which is shown to outperform STC in term of energy efficiency provided that the number of nodes within receive cluster is adequately large. We demonstrate that even with moderate number of nodes within receive cluster, e.g., 10 nodes, random beamforming can offer higher energy efficiency for inter-cluster links, at 5% outage rate. The "random" nature incorporated in random beamforming scheme assigns the clusterhead node within receive cluster in an alternate manner, thus balancing energy consumption within receive cluster.
Internet connectivity at the AS-level: an optimization-driven modeling approach

Two ASs are connected in the Internet AS graph only if they have a business "peering relationship. " By focusing on the AS subgraph ASPC whose links represent provider-customer relationships, we develop a new optimization-driven model for Internet growth at the ASPC level. The model's defining feature is an explicit construction of a novel class of intuitive, multi-objective, local optimizations by which the different customer ASs determine in a fully distributed and decentralized fashion their "best" upstream provider AS. Key criteria that are explicitly accounted for in the formulation of these multi-objective optimization problems are (i) AS-geography, i.e., locality and number of PoPs within individual ASs; (ii) AS-specific business models, abstract toy models that describe how individual ASs choose their "best" provider; and (iii) AS evolution, a historic account of the "lives" of individual ASs in a dynamic ISP market. We show that the resulting model is broadly robust, perforce yields graphs that match inferred AS connectivity with respect to a number of different metrics, and is ideal for exploring the impact of new peering incentives or policies on AS-level connectivity.
A Dimer of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Cytoplasmic Domain Provides a Specific Scaffold for the Recruitment of Signalling Adaptor Proteins

The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a class I transmembrane receptor expressed on the surface of immune system cells. TLR4 is activated by exposure to lipopolysaccharides derived from the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria and forms part of the innate immune response in mammals. Like other class 1 receptors, TLR4 is activated by ligand induced dimerization, and recent studies suggest that this causes concerted conformational changes in the receptor leading to self association of the cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) signalling domain. This homodimerization event is proposed to provide a new scaffold that is able to bind downstream signalling adaptor proteins. TLR4 uses two different sets of adaptors; TRAM and TRIF, and Mal and MyD88. These adaptor pairs couple two distinct signalling pathways leading to the activation of interferon response factor 3 (IRF-3) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) respectively. In this paper we have generated a structural model of the TLR4 TIR dimer and used molecular docking to probe for potential sites of interaction between the receptor homodimer and the adaptor molecules. Remarkably, both the Mal and TRAM adaptors are strongly predicted to bind at two symmetry-related sites at the homodimer interface. This model of TLR4 activation is supported by extensive functional studies involving site directed mutagenesis, inhibition by cell permeable peptides and stable protein phosphorylation of receptor and adaptor TIR domains. Our results also suggest a molecular mechanism for two recent findings, the caspase 1 dependence of Mal signalling and the protective effects conferred by the Mal polymorphism Ser180Leu.