Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redshifted X-rays from the material accreting onto TW Hya: evidence of a low-latitude accretion spot

High resolution spectroscopy, providing constraints on plasma motions and temperatures, is a powerful means to investigate the structure of accretion streams in CTTS. In particular, the accretion shock region, where the accreting material is heated to temperatures of a few MK as it continues its inward bulk motion, can be probed by X-ray spectroscopy. To attempt to detect for the first time the motion of this X-ray-emitting post-shock material, we searched for a Doppler shift in the deep Chandra/HETGS observation of the CTTS TW Hya. This test should unveil the nature of this X-ray emitting plasma component in CTTS, and constrain the accretion stream geometry. We searched for a Doppler shift in the X-ray emission from TW Hya with two different methods, by measuring the position of a selected sample of emission lines, and by fitting the whole TW Hya X-ray spectrum, allowing the line-of-sight velocity to vary. We found that the plasma at T~2-4 MK has a line-of-sight velocity of 38.3+/-5.1 km/s with respect to the stellar photosphere. This result definitively confirms that this X-ray-emitting material originates in the post-shock region, at the base of the accretion stream, and not in coronal structures. The comparison of the observed velocity along the line of sight, 38.3+/-5.1 km/s, with the inferred intrinsic velocity of the post shock of TW Hya, v_post~110-120 km/s, indicates that the footpoints of the accretion streams on TW Hya are located at low latitudes on the stellar surface. Our results indicate that complex magnetic field geometries, such as that of TW Hya, permit low-latitude accretion spots. Moreover, since on TW Hya the redshift of the soft X-ray emission is very similar to that of the narrow component of the CIV resonance doublet at 1550 Ang, as found by Ardila et al. (2013), then the plasma at 2-4 MK and that at 0.1 MK likely originate in the same post-shock regions.
Energy-Efficient Space–Air–Ground Integrated Edge Computing for Internet of Remote Things: A Federated DRL Approach

Space–air–ground integrated edge computing is expecting to provide pervasive computation services for Internet of Things (IoT), especially in remote areas. However, the offloading process of power-limited IoT devices is a challenge issue due to unreliable communications in an aerial environment. In this article, we propose an energy-efficient space–air–ground integrated edge computing network architecture, in which the IoT devices choose the most appropriate LEO satellites or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for task offloading according to their energy level, communication conditions and computing capabilities. In order to providing efficient task offloading and energy-saving policy under an uncertainty aerial environment, a constrained Markov decision process is employed to formulate the task offloading decision problem and a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based algorithm is devised to solve the proposed problem. An adaptive federated DRL-based offloading method is further proposed to find suboptimal offloading decisions by considering the privacy protection and communication failure in the proposed network. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed schemes on energy saving and computation efficiency.
Constraining properties of dusty environments by infrared variability

We present model simulations of time-variable infrared (IR) emission from dust as a consequence of variability of the incident radiation. For that we introduce a generalized treatment for temperature variations in a dusty environment, which is not limited to any specific astronomical source. The treatment has been incorporated into a simplified clumpy torus model, with the radial brightness distribution as the main parameter, to study the IR emission of type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN). We show that any variability signal in the optical is smoothened stronger if the brightness distribution is very extended, and this smoothing strongly depends on wavelength. This also affects time lags between the optical and near-/mid-IR emission, which can be up to 10s of sublimation radii for long wavelengths and extended brightness distributions. The dependence of time lag on wavelength and distribution can be used to quantify the brightness distribution in an AGN torus, either by comparing optical light curves to near-IR and mid-IR light curves, or by directly comparing near-IR to mid-IR light curves. Moreover, our model has been applied to near-IR data of the nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. We show that the simple model can reproduce the overall observed variability signal and found that about 40% of the energy in the variability signal in the V-band has been converted into K-band variability. This low value may be explained by a “snowball” model of gradually-sublimating clouds at the inner edge of the torus. We also note that our modeling does not support a change of time lag/sublimation radius over the observed light curve epoch in spite of a significant change in V-band emission.
Black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics: Quasinormal spectra and parity splitting

We discuss the quasi-normal oscillations of black holes which are sourced by a nonlinear electrodynamic field. While previous studies have focused on the computation of quasi-normal frequencies for the wave or higher spin equation on a fixed background geometry described by such black holes, here we compute for the first time the quasi-normal frequencies for the coupled electromagnetic-gravitational linear perturbations. To this purpose, we consider a parametrized family of Lagrangians for the electromagnetic field which contains the Maxwell Lagrangian as a special case. In the Maxwell case, the unique spherically symmetric black hole solutions are described by the Reissner-Nordstr\"om family and in this case it is well-known that the quasi-normal spectra in the even- and odd-parity sectors are identical to each other. However, when moving away from the Maxwell case, we obtain deformed Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes, and we show that in this case there is a parity splitting in the quasi-normal mode spectra. A partial explanation for this phenomena is provided by considering the eikonal (high-frequency) limit.
Automated bar detection in local disk galaxies from the SDSS - The colors of bars

This paper describes an automatic isophotal fitting procedure that succeeds, without the support of any visual inspection of either the images or the ellipticity/position-angle radial profiles, to extract a fairly pure sample of barred late-type galaxies (LTGs) among thousands of optical images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The procedure relies on previous methods to robustly extract the photometrical properties of a large sample of local SDSS galaxies and is tailored to extract bars on the basis of their well-known peculiarities in their position angle and ellipticity profiles. This procedure was run on a sample of 5853 galaxies in the Coma and Local superclusters. The procedure extracted a color, an ellipticity and a position angle radial profile of the ellipses fitted to the isophotes for each galaxy. Examining the profiles of 922 face-on LTGs ( B / A > 0.7) automatically, the procedure found that ~36% are barred. The local bar fraction strongly increases with stellar mass. The sample of barred galaxies is used to construct a set of template radial color profiles to test the impact of the barred galaxy population on the average color profiles as previously shown in the literature and to test the bar-quenching scenario. The radial color profile of barred galaxy shows that bars are on average redder than their surrounding disk producing an outside-in gradient toward red in correspondence with their corotation radius. The distribution of the extension of the deprojected length of the bar suggests that bars have strong impact on the gradients of averaged color profiles. The dependence of the profiles on the mass is consistent with the bar-quenching scenario, i.e. more massive barred galaxies have redder colors (hence older stellar population and suppressed star formation) inside their corotation radius with respect to their lower mass counterparts.
Search for mirror quarks at the LHC

Observation of non-zero neutrino masses at a scale $\sim 10^{-1} - 10^{-2}$ eV is a major problem in the otherwise highly successful Standard Model. The most elegant mechanism to explain such tiny neutrino masses is the seesaw mechanism with right handed neutrinos. However, the required seesaw scale is so high, $\sim 10^{14}$ GeV, it will not have any collider implications. Recently, an explicit model has been constructed to realize the seesaw mechanism with the right handed neutrinos at the electroweak scale. The model has a mirror symmetry having both the left and right lepton and quark doublets and singlets for the same $SU(2)_W $ gauge symmetry. Additional Higgs multiplets have been introduced to realize this scenario. It turns out that these extra Higgs fields also help to satisfy the precision electroweak tests, and other observables. Because the scale of the symmetry breaking is electroweak, both the mirror quark and mirror leptons have masses in the electroweak scale in the range $ \sim 150 - 800 $ GeV. The mirror quarks / leptons decay to ordinary quarks /leptons plus very light neutral scalars. In this work, we calculate the final state signals arising from the pair productions of these mirror quarks and their subsequent decays. We find that these signals are well observable over the Standard Model background for $13$ TeV LHC. Depending on the associated Yukawa couplings, these decays can also give rise displaced vertices with long decay length, very different from the usual displaced vertices associated with b decays.
Associations of paternal factors and child’s sex with early vocabulary development – The STEPS study

In a changing society where the roles of fathers and mothers in caregiving are becoming more equal, the role of the father in early language development has also changed. We aimed to study associations between paternal factors and early vocabulary development in boys and girls. In a longitudinal cohort study, we examined the growth of expressive vocabulary in 354 boys and 331 girls between 13 and 24 months of age using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory. The results show that boys who had fathers not working full time, who had mothers with higher occupational status, and who had a larger vocabulary size at 13 months of age had larger gains in vocabulary. Girls with fathers working as professionals (high occupational status) had larger vocabulary growth compared to girls with fathers of lower occupational status. The results demonstrate that vocabulary growth in boys and girls relates differently to environmental factors. The results highlight the importance of further studies on fathers’ role in children’s early vocabulary development and the need to analyse the influence of environmental factors on early language development as a function of the child’s sex.
1273 Combining multiple immunotherapy studies and real-world data improves prediction of IO treatment efficacy and highlights key driving features

1273 Table 1 Description of the datasets used to train and evaluate the clinical transformer Abstracts A1318 J Immunother Cancer 2022;10(Suppl 2):A1–A1595 PR PR IN T Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC) preprint. The copyright holder for this preprint are the authors/funders, who have granted JITC permission to display the preprint. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
X-ray spectral study of hot gas in three clusters of galaxies

Aims. We studied the physical properties of three clusters of galaxies, selected from a BeppoSAX wide field camera (WFC) survey. These sources are identified as 1RXS J153934.7–833535, 1RXS J160147.6–754507, and 1RXS J081232.3–571423 in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey catalogue. We obtained XMM-Newton follow-up observations for these three clusters. Methods. We fitted single and multi-temperature models to spectra obtained with the EPIC-pn camera to determine the temperature, the chemical composition of the gas and their radial distribution. Since two observations were contaminated by a high soft-proton background, we developed a new method to estimate the effect of this background on the data. Results. We present the temperature and iron abundance of two of these three clusters for the first time. The iron abundance of 1RXS J153934.7–833535 decreases with radius. The fits to the XMM-Newton and Chandra data show that the radial temperature profile within 3 � towards the centre either flattens or lowers. A Chandra image of the source suggests the presence of X-ray cavities. The gas properties in 1RXS J160147.6–754507 are consistent with a flat radial distribution of iron and temperature within 2 � from the centre. 1RXS J081232.3–571423 is a relatively cool cluster with a temperature of about 3 keV. Conclusions. The radial temperature and iron profiles suggest that 1RXS J153934.7–833535 is a cool core cluster. The Chandra image shows substructure which points toward active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback in the core. The flat radial profiles of the temperature and iron abundance in 1RXS J160147.6–754507 are similar to the profiles of non-cool-core clusters.
Comparison Between Isovolumic Acceleration and Conventional Echocardiograhic Parameters in Detecting Early Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients with Mitral Stenosis

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine if the tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-derived myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction (IVA) of tricuspid lateral annulus could be used in early detection of RV systolic dysfunction in patients with mitral stenosis (MS), before the clinical signs of systemic venous congestion occur and to compare between IVA and conventional echocardiographic parameters in detecting early RV systolic dysfunction in patients with MS . Methods: Ninety-six patients with severe rheumatic MS without relevant regurgitation were enrolled in the study. Conventional echocardiographic parameters (mitral valve area, transmitral diastolic gradients, pulmonary artery pressure, RV fractional area change, pulmonary flow acceleration time, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) and TDI-derived systolic velocities of tricuspid annulus (isovolumic myocardial acceleration: IVA, peak myocardial velocity during isovolumic contraction: IVV, peak systolic velocity during ejection period: Sa and RV MPI) were recorded from all patients. Results: TDI-derived IVA, IVV, Sa were significantly decreased in patients with MS and RV MPI is increased in patients with MS. IVA was the only parameter which had a significant negative correlation with the traditional echocardiographic parameters and RV Tei index in patients with MS. Conclusion: TDI-derived right ventricular IVA may be used as an adjunctive, reliable, noninvasive parameter for the early detection of right ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with MS but without signs of systemic venous congestion. RV IVA negatively correlate with RV MPI, positively correlate with IVV and Sa. RV IVA shows positive correlation with RVFAC and negative correlation with PAP, LA size. IVA shows no correlation with TAPSE. University Heart Journal 2022; 18(2): 80-86
A Hybrid Spider Monkey and Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Intrusion Detection on Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) network integrates physical objects such as sensors, networks, and electronics with software to collect and exchange data. Physical objects with a unique IP address communicate with external entities over the internet to exchange data in the network. Due to a lack of security measures, these network entities are vulnerable to severe attacks. To address this, an efficient security mechanism for dealing with the threat and detecting attacks is necessary. The proposed hybrid optimization approach combines Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) and Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) to handle the huge amount of intrusion data classification problems and improve detection accuracy by minimizing false alarm rates. After finding the best optimum values, the Random Forest Classifier (RFC) was used to classify attacks from the NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB 15 datasets. The SVM model obtained accuracy of 91.82%, DT of 98.99%, and RFC of 99.13%, and the proposed model obtained 99.175% for the NSL-KDD dataset. Similarly, SVM obtained accuracy of 85.88%, DT of 88.87%, RFC of 91.65%, and the proposed model obtained 99.18% for the UNSW NB-15 dataset. The proposed model achieved accuracy of 99.175% for the NSL-KDD dataset which is higher than the state-of-the-art techniques such as DNN of 97.72% and Ensemble Learning at 85.2%.
A Social Cognitive Theory Approach to Understanding Parental Attitudes and Intentions to Vaccinate Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine represents a path towards global health after a worldwide pandemic. Yet, the U.S. response to the vaccination rollout has been politically polarized. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the contextual factors that influence parents’ attitudes towards health officials and their intention to vaccinate children, focusing on communication behaviors, personal factors, and geographic locations. We use Bandura’s triadic reciprocal determinism (TRD) model which posits reciprocal influence between personal factors, environmental factors, and behaviors. We found that personal factors (having younger children and identifying as Republican partisans), and the behavioral factor of conservative news use were significantly related to more negative attitudes towards health officials and lower vaccination intentions. Conversely, Democrats and liberal news use were significantly related to warmer attitudes and greater vaccination intentions. The environmental factor of geographic location across four states with different partisan dynamics was not significantly related to attitudes and behavioral intentions. Results from a post-hoc analysis show that news media use and partisanship were the strongest correlates of parents’ attitudes towards health officials. This evidence points to the politicization of the COVID-19 vaccine being a key consideration regarding vaccine uptake.
Time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on a metal/ferroelectric heterostructure

In thin-film ferroelectric (FE) capacitors the chemical and electronic structure of the electrode/FE interface can play a crucial role in determining the kinetics of polarization switching. We investigate the electronic structure of a Pt/BaTiO${}_{3}$/SrTiO${}_{3}$:Nb capacitor using time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The chemical, electronic, and depth sensitivity of core-level photoemission are used to probe the transient response of different parts of the upper electrode/ferroelectric interface to voltage-pulse-induced polarization reversal. The linear response of the electronic structure agrees quantitatively with a simple $\mathit{RC}$ circuit model. The nonlinear response due to the polarization switch is demonstrated by the time-resolved response of the characteristic core levels of the electrode and the ferroelectric. Adjustment of the $\mathit{RC}$ circuit model allows an estimation of the Pt/BaTiO${}_{3}$ (BTO) interface capacitance. The experiment shows that the interface capacitance is at least 100 times higher than the bulk capacitance of the BTO film, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions from the literature.
Smart Home Privacy Protection Methods against a Passive Wireless Snooping Side-Channel Attack

Smart home technologies have attracted more users in recent years due to significant advancements in their underlying enabler components, such as sensors, actuators, and processors, which are spreading in various domains and have become more affordable. However, these IoT-based solutions are prone to data leakage; this privacy issue has motivated researchers to seek a secure solution to overcome this challenge. In this regard, wireless signal eavesdropping is one of the most severe threats that enables attackers to obtain residents’ sensitive information. Even if the system encrypts all communications, some cyber attacks can still steal information by interpreting the contextual data related to the transmitted signals. For example, a “fingerprint and timing-based snooping (FATS)” attack is a side-channel attack (SCA) developed to infer in-home activities passively from a remote location near the targeted house. An SCA is a sort of cyber attack that extracts valuable information from smart systems without accessing the content of data packets. This paper reviews the SCAs associated with cyber–physical systems, focusing on the proposed solutions to protect the privacy of smart homes against FATS attacks in detail. Moreover, this work clarifies shortcomings and future opportunities by analyzing the existing gaps in the reviewed methods.
Strategies for Finding Prompt Radio Counterparts to Gravitational Wave Transients with the Murchison Widefield Array

Abstract Wepresent and evaluate several strategies to search for prompt, low-frequency radio emission associated with gravitational wave transients using the Murchison Widefield Array. As we are able to repoint the Murchison Widefield Array on timescales of tens of seconds, we can search for the dispersed radio signal that has been predicted to originate along with or shortly after a neutron star-neutron star merger. We find that given the large, 600 deg2 instantaneous field of view of the Murchison Widefield Array, we can cover a significant fraction of the predicted gravitational wave error region, although due to the complicated geometry of the latter, we only cover > 50% of the error region for approximately 5% of events, and roughly 15% of events will be located < 10° from the Murchison Widefield Array pointing centre such that they will be covered in the radio images. For optimal conditions, our limiting flux density for a 10-s long transient would be 0.1 Jy, increasing to about 1 Jy for a wider range of events. This corresponds to luminosity limits of 1038−39 erg s−1 based on expectations for the distances of the gravitational wave transients, which should be sufficient to detect or significantly constrain a range of models for prompt emission.
Numerical radiative transfer with state-of-the-art iterative methods made easy

This article presents an on-line tool and its accompanying software resources for the numerical solution of basic radiation transfer out of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). State-of-the-art stationary iterative methods such as Accelerated Λ-iteration and Gauss–Seidel schemes, using a short characteristics-based formal solver are used. We also comment on typical numerical experiments associated to the basic non-LTE radiation problem. These resources are intended for the largest use and benefit, in support to more classical radiation transfer lectures usually given at the Master level.