Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The latest on functional imaging studies of aphasic stroke

Purpose of reviewFunctional neuro-imaging studies of aphasic stroke offer the potential for a better understanding of the neuronal mechanisms that sustain language recovery. Conclusions, however, have been hampered by a set of unexpected challenges related to experimental design and interpretation. In this review of studies published between January 2004 and February 2005, we discuss imaging studies of speech production and comprehension in patients with aphasia after left hemisphere stroke. Recent findingsStudies of speech production suggest that recovery depends on slowly evolving activation changes in the left hemisphere. In contrast, right hemisphere activation changes have been interpreted in terms of transcallosal disinhibition that do not reflect recovery because they occur early after stroke, in areas homologous to the lesion, and do not appear to correlate with the level of recovery. There have been few studies of auditory speech comprehension, but unlike speech production, recovery of speech comprehension appears to depend on both left and right temporal lobe activation. SummaryTogether, recent studies provide a deeper appreciation of how the neuronal mechanisms of recovery depend on the task, the lesion site, the time from insult and the distinction between neuronal reorganization that does and does not sustain recovery. Although many more studies of aphasic stroke are required with larger patient numbers and more focal lesion sites, we also argue that clinical diagnosis and treatment requires a better understanding of the normal variability in functional anatomy and the many neuronal pathways that are available to sustain each type of language task.
Premorbid functional development and conversion to psychosis in clinical high-risk youths

Abstract Deterioration in premorbid functioning is a common feature of schizophrenia, but sensitivity to psychosis conversion among clinical high-risk samples has not been examined. This study evaluates premorbid functioning as a predictor of psychosis conversion among a clinical high-risk sample, controlling for effects of prior developmental periods. Participants were 270 clinical high-risk individuals in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study—I, 78 of whom converted to psychosis over the next 2.5 years. Social, academic, and total maladjustment in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence were rated using the Cannon–Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Early adolescent social dysfunction significantly predicted conversion to psychosis (hazard ratio = 1.30, p = .014), independently of childhood social maladjustment and independently of severity of most baseline positive and negative prodromal symptoms. Baseline prodromal symptoms of disorganized communication, social anhedonia, suspiciousness, and diminished ideational richness mediated this association. Early adolescent social maladjustment and baseline suspiciousness together demonstrated moderate positive predictive power (59%) and high specificity (92.1%) in predicting conversion. Deterioration of academic and total functioning, although observed, did not predict conversion to psychosis. Results indicate early adolescent social dysfunction to be an important early predictor of conversion. As such, it may be a good candidate for inclusion in prediction algorithms and could represent an advantageous target for early intervention.
Etiology and Clinical Characteristics of Single and Multiple Respiratory Virus Infections Diagnosed in Croatian Children in Two Respiratory Seasons

The aim of this study was to determine the causative agent of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in hospitalized children, as well as investigate the characteristics of ARIs with single and multiple virus detection in two respiratory seasons. In 2010 and 2015, nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal swabs from a total of 134 children, admitted to the hospital due to ARI, were tested using multiplex PCR. Viral etiology was established in 81.3% of the patients. Coinfection with two viruses was diagnosed in 27.6% of the patients, and concurrent detection of three or more viruses was diagnosed in 12.8% of the patients. The most commonly diagnosed virus in both seasons combined was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (28.6%), followed by parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) types 1–3 (18.4%), rhinovirus (HRV) (14.3%), human metapneumovirus (10.1%), adenovirus (AdV) (7.1%), influenza viruses types A and B (4.8%), and coronaviruses (4.2%). In 2015, additional pathogens were investigated with the following detection rate: enterovirus (13.2%), bocavirus (HBoV) (10.5%), PIV-4 (2.6%), and parechovirus (1.3%). There were no statistical differences between single and multiple virus infection regarding patients age, localization of infection, and severity of disease (P > 0.05). AdV, HRV, HBoV, and PIVs were significantly more often detected in multiple virus infections compared to the other respiratory viruses (P < 0.001).
Organization of social network messages to improve understanding of an evolving crisis

In this work, we present a system that is implemented on top of a stream of social network messages to facilitate learning about an emerging crisis. This method automatically detects sub-topics of the topic (crisis), and populates the sub-topics with the relevant retrieved messages. In future work, we intend to reduce the repetitiveness of the generated sub-topics while maintaining high precision in our classification, and implementing other unsupervised learning versions of our method and comparing them to the KNN version.
A Technique for Test Infrastructure Design and Test Scheduling

We propose a technique for test scheduling and design of test bus infrastructure where test application time and test bus length and width are minimized while constraints on power consumption and test resources are considered. Our approach is suitable for repeated use in the design space exploration process due to its low computational cost. For the final design, we use simulated annealing to optimize the solution. Our technique has been implemented and experimental results show the efficiency of our approach.
Understanding the bottlenecks in virtualizing cellular core network functions

Network function virtualization (NFV) promises significant cost savings, flexibility and ease of deployment. However, potential challenges in implementing virtualized network elements that can support real-world performance requirements are still an open question. For example, traditional telecom networks have a lot of complex interdependencies that can affect performance. In this paper, we study the potential bottlenecks in virtualizing cellular core network functions. Using a combination of analysis and experimentation, we quantify the impact of software-based EPC elements on various metrics including physical processing, memory, IO, and bandwidth resource requirements. We use production grade, software-based cellular network elements running on general purpose Linux servers, driven by a variety of realistic workloads derived from a realworld cellular network, to examine the combined effects of control and data planes on an LTE enhanced packet core (EPC). In particular, we discover that the SGW handles about 33% of the control plane transactions and is a potential source for performance bottlenecks as a result of the interdependencies between control and data plane processing. Our results indicate that simply replacing existing EPC elements with virtualized equivalents can have severe performance bottlenecks and that virtualized EPC elements need to be carefully designed.
Web-based operation of interactive sharable environment for collaborative spacecraft design

A web-based interface has recently been added to an advanced integrated environment being developed at JPL that links collaborators who wish to perform interactive design analyses and/or mission simulations. The environment, described previously, utilizes commercial technology (such as 3D visualization) where applicable, but key pieces are currently provided by software developed in-house, e.g., for user interaction and spacecraft modeling. Within the environment, a mission scenario can be built and exercised at various levels (e.g., macro or micro simulation, modeling or analysis), and existing tools preferred by can be integrated "in-place". Mission (e.g., target body, space environment), spacecraft information (e.g., drawings, structures), and payload information (e.g., subsystem or instrument models) can be connected into a simulation which can now be executed by collaborators using only their web browsers. In addition, web-based tools provided by collaborators can be integrated into the environment and remotely executed. This allows interaction of the users with components of particular interest to each, while others can view the "big picture" results of the interactions, and make recommendations such as parameter trades or component alternatives. Components of this environment are currently being developed by several NASA centers who wish to leverage each other's strengths; and a shared information infrastructure facilitates the connections (e.g., access to databases of designs, products, models and data). We believe that the collaborative process is most successful when the participants can immediately see the collective results of their separate inputs; therefore our goal was to facilitate real-time collaborative interactivity. We discuss the problems and achievements from early utilization of this evolving interactive environment.
The Maxim Violation On Mata Najwa Talk Show ‘Selebriti Pengganda Simpati'

In interacting with other people, Coperative Principle may be done in order to make a conversation run well and smoothly. However, there are chances when speakers have to violate a maxim in order to reinforce the self-esteem of others and to avoid offence and emberrassment. The purpose of the study is to find out the kinds of maxim violation done by the speakers on ‘Mata Najwa’ talk show and the motivation behind the speakers violating the maxims. The study used Non-Participant Observation Method to collect the data and Padan Method to identify the kinds of maxims violated by the speakers on ‘Mata Najwa’ talk show. The result of the study shows that there are fifteen utterances violating Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner maxims. The motivation behind the speakers violating the maxim is mostly because they want to show politeness and keep other’s self-esteem.
Towards More Equitable Terms of Cooperation: Local People's Contribution to Commercial Timber Concessions

SUMMARY The mixed outcomes of seemingly well-intentioned partnerships that try to create mutually beneficial agreements between local communities and private firms remain a puzzle. This study looks for answers to this puzzle by reviewing a large number of empirical studies in a wide variety of contexts. The kinds of local skills and expertise that are important for good timber concession management, how local people and concession managers can construct mutually profitable relationships, the most effective strategies used by communities to defend their claims in conflicts with private firms, and the types of public policies that are supportive of more equitable terms of cooperation in forest concession management are issues that were examined in the review. Institutional arrangements that regulate the relationship between local communities and forest concessionaires, and particularly the distribution of de jure property rights, help explain the mixed results. Less conclusive evidence exists with regards to community perspectives on concession-community relationships. The study concludes by suggesting future directions for research and discusses the implications of the findings for public policy.
Qiliqiangxin protects against anoxic injury in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells via NRG‐1/ErbB‐PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) are important angiogenic components and are injured rapidly after cardiac ischaemia and anoxia. Cardioprotective effects of Qiliqiangxin (QL), a traditional Chinese medicine, have been displayed recently. This study aims to investigate whether QL could protect CMECs against anoxic injury and to explore related signalling mechanisms. CMECs were successfully cultured from Sprague‐Dawley rats and exposed to anoxia for 12 hrs in the absence and presence of QL. Cell migration assay and capillary‐like tube formation assay on Matrigel were performed, and cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay and caspase‐3 activity. Neuregulin‐1 (NRG‐1) siRNA and LY294002 were administrated to block NRG‐1/ErbB and PI3K/Akt signalling, respectively. As a result, anoxia inhibited cell migration, capillary‐like tube formation and angiogenesis, and increased cell apoptosis. QL significantly reversed these anoxia‐induced injuries and up‐regulated expressions of NRG‐1, phospho‐ErbB2, phospho‐ErbB4, phospho‐Akt, phospho‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CMECs, while NRG‐1 knockdown abolished the protective effects of QL with suppressed NRG‐1, phospho‐ErbB2, phospho‐ErbB4, phospho‐Akt, phospho‐mTOR, HIF‐1α and VEGF expressions. Similarly, LY294002 interrupted the beneficial effects of QL with down‐regulated phospho‐Akt, phospho‐mTOR, HIF‐1α and VEGF expressions. However, it had no impact on NRG‐1/ErbB signalling. Our data indicated that QL could attenuate anoxia‐induced injuries in CMECs via NRG‐1/ErbB signalling which was most probably dependent on PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
The contribution of early language development to children's emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years: an analysis of data from the Children in Focus sample from the ALSPAC birth cohort.

BACKGROUND An association between children's early language development and their emotional and behavioural functioning is reported in the literature. The nature of the association remains unclear and it has not been established if such an association is found in a population-based cohort in addition to clinical populations. METHODS This study examines the reported association between language development and emotional and behavioural functioning in a population-based cohort. Data from 1,314 children in the Children in Focus (CiF) sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analysed. Regression models identified the extent to which early language ability at 2 years of age and later language ability at 4 years of age is associated with emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years while accounting for biological and social risk and adjusting for age and performance intelligence (PIQ). RESULTS A series of univariable and multivariable analyses identified a strong influence of biological risk, social risk and early and later language ability to emotional and behavioural functioning. Interestingly, social risk dropped out of the multivariate analyses when age and PIQ were controlled for. Early expressive vocabulary at 2 years and receptive language at 4 years made a strong contribution to emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years in addition to biological risk. The final model accounted for 11.6% of the variance in emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years. CONCLUSIONS The study identified that early language ability at 2 years, specifically expressive vocabulary and later receptive language at 4 years both made a moderate, but important contribution to emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years of age. Although children's language development is important in understanding children's emotional and behavioural functioning, the study shows that it is one of many developmental factors involved.
Reducción de la inflación a través de un esquema de objetivos de inflación: La experiencia mexicana

The paper reviews the role of monetary policy in the disin∞ation process that has taken place in the Mexican economy in recent years. The purpose is to show that, once an economy establishes a sustainable flscal position, an in∞ation targeting framework can be seen as an e‐cient mechanism to impose discipline on monetary policy and, thus, to reduce in∞ation. This paper describes the measures that were taken after the 1995 crisis to stabilize the economy and that prevented the possibility of a flscal dominance situation from arising. Consequently, the role of monetary policy in reducing in∞ation is analyzed, in particular its response to difierent in∞ationary shocks. Results show that in conducting the successful dis
A New Approach to the Design of Collective Behavior in Multi-Agent Systems

The problem of designing a given social behavior in a multi-agent system is a well known issue, yet there is still no general concept to solve it. In fact, there is still no theory, that connects the individual behavior of agents with the collective behavior of the multi-agent system in general. Nonetheless there are theories, which capture some profound aspects of the problem. One of the foremost is the theory of implementation of social choice rules. However the roots of the theory lie in social sciences, so its approach is not universally suitable. This article presents a new approach to the problem: a high-level agent-model for description, design and analysis of collective behavior in multi-agent systems.
Third-Party Net Stalk : Policy and Technology

In the initial days of the netting, content was designed and hosted by a single person, group, or organization. But these days’ webpages are increasingly composed of content from countless unrelated “third-party” websites in the business of advertising, analytics, social networking, and more. Third-party services have tremendous value: they support free content and facilitate web innovation. But third-party services come at a privacy cost: researchers, civil society organizations, and policymakers have increasingly called attention to how third parties can track a user’s browsing activities across websites. This paper surveys the current policy debate surrounding third-party web tracking and explains the relevant technology. It also presents the Fourth-Party web measurement platform and studies we have conducted with it. Our aim is to inform re-searchers with essential background and tools for contributing to public understanding and policy debates about web tracking. Keywords-Web privacy; third-party tracking.
Scalar curvature and connected sums of self-dual 4-manifolds

In [DF] under a reasonable vanishing hypothesis, Donaldson and Friedman proved that the connected sum of two self-dual Riemannian 4-Manifolds is again self-dual. Here we prove that the same result can be extended over to the positive scalar curvature case. The proof is based on the twistor theory. First a technical vanishing theorem is established by using an appropriate spectral sequence, then Green’s functions and Serre-Horrocks vector bundle constructions are used to detect the sign of the scalar curvature.
Computational Physics Meets Computational Geometry

Front Tracking is a methodology which uses computational geometry to provide numerical solutions of enhanced quality for problems of computational physics. It is particularly applicable to the computation of solutions with important jump discontinuities, or fronts. Fronts are represented as lower dimensional data structures, which in the spirit of non-manifold geometries used in CAD systems, support surfaces, curves (at surface intersections) and nodes (at common intersection points of three surfaces). These are expressed in the front tracking algorithm as a simplicial complex: data structures representing non intersecting smooth objects of given dimension, and boundary and coboundary operators to link them to lower and higher dimensional smooth objects. In the solution to problems of computational physics, these fronts evolve and can change their topology, forcing the need for fast retriangulation, intersection detection, and intersection removal routines. The methodology has been applied to a variety of problems in computational physics, including uid dynamics, elasto-plastic deformations , deposition and etching for manufacture of semiconductors, 1 and ow in porous media. Characteristically, this method gives solutions of improved accuracy and convergence properties. The main results presented here are the existence of both two-and three-dimensional implementations of these ideas. In other words, we show that the computational complexities inherent in this approach can be overcome, and the computational advantages realized. The two-dimensional version (moving curves in R 2) is by now highly mature , and can handle very complex geometries, with bifurcation of topology where the front remains physical at all times. In this case, bifurcation issues for a number of physical problems have been completely resolved. Our algorithm for bifurcation extends to three dimensions , where it has been partially implemented.
Abnormal attachments between a plantar aponeurosis and calcaneus

Background and aims The plantar aponeurosis or fascia is a thick fascial seal located on the lower surface of the sole. It consists of three parts central, lateral, and medial. The central portion is the thickest. It is narrow behind and wider in front. The central portion has two strong vertical intermuscular septa which are directed upward into the foot. The lateral and medial portions are thinner. The medial portion is thinnest. The lateral portion is thin in front and thick behind. The main function of the plantar fascia is to support the longitudinal arch of the foot. In May 2013 during a routine dissection in the section hall of the Department of Anatomy and Histology in Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria we came across a very interesting variation of the plantar aponeurosis. Materials and methods For the present morphological study tissues from a human corpse material were used. This unusual anatomical variation was photographed using a Nikon Coolpix 995 camera with a 3.34 Megapixels. Results We found some fibrous strands which started from the proximal portion of the plantar aponeurosis on the left foot. The fibrous strands resembled the tentacles of an octopus and started from the proximal portion of the aponeurosis. Two of fibrous strands were directed laterally to adipose tissue and one was directed medially and backward. The first lateral fibrous strand was divided into several fascicles. We found very few data in literature about the varieties of the plantar fascia. Conclusion It is very important to consider the occurrence of above mentioned variations in the plantar aponeurosis when surgical procedures are performed on the sole.
High-quality curve rendering using line sampled visibility

Computing accurate visibility for thin primitives, such as hair strands, fur, grass, at all scales remains difficult or expensive. To that end, we present an efficient visibility algorithm based on spatial line sampling, and a novel intersection algorithm between line sample planes and Bézier splines with varying thickness. Our algorithm produces accurate visibility both when the projected width of the curve is a tiny fraction of a pixel, and when the projected width is tens of pixels. In addition, we present a rapid resolve procedure that computes final visibility. Using an optimized implementation running on graphics processors, we can render tens of thousands long hair strands with noise-free visibility at near-interactive rates.
Whispery voiced nasal stops in rwanda

The paper describes the main phonetic characteristics (acoustic, aerodynamic and articulatory) of Kinyarwanda prenasalized stops, focussing on voiceless consonants. We conclude from instrumental observations that the phonetic description of these sounds should be redefined. Consonants previously described as voiceless prenasalized stops in Rwanda are in fact whispery voiced nasal stops. Finally, the paper shows that the description of these sounds raises several important questions about nasal venting and the control of the velum closure.