Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent development of PeakForce Tapping mode atomic force microscopy and its applications on nanoscience

Abstract Nanoscience is a booming field incorporating some of the most fundamental questions concerning structure, function, and applications. The cutting-edge research in nanoscience requires access to advanced techniques and instrumentation capable of approaching these unanswered questions. Over the past few decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been developed as a powerful platform, which enables in situ characterization of topological structures, local physical properties, and even manipulating samples at nanometer scale. Currently, an imaging mode called PeakForce Tapping (PFT) has attracted more and more attention due to its advantages of nondestructive characterization, high-resolution imaging, and concurrent quantitative property mapping. In this review, the origin, principle, and advantages of PFT on nanoscience are introduced in detail. Three typical applications of this technique, including high-resolution imaging of soft samples in liquid environment, quantitative nanomechanical property mapping, and electrical/electrochemical property measurement will be reviewed comprehensively. The future trends of PFT technique development will be discussed as well.
Cytomorphological Study of Palpable Breast Lumps: Spectrum of Lesions and Diagnostic Utility of FNAC.

Background: Palpable breast lumps are quite common which can be benign or malignant. Carcinoma breast is the second most common cancer after cervical cancer. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive, rapid, reliable and cost-effective outdoor procedure to provide effective diagnosis and way to further planning of treatment without need for biopsy. The objective of the study is to study the spectrum of various breast lesions on cytomorphology and its histopathological correlation. Methods: This was a two years retrospective study from June 2014 to May 2016 including 280 cases aspirated from palpable breast lumps. Physical examination of breast lumps by palpation was done. Cytological diagnosis was made and histopathological correlation was done, wherever available . Results: On cytomorphological study of 280 breast lump aspirates 32 (11.43%) were inflammatory lesions, 180 (64.29%) benign, 6 (2.14%) atypical/probably benign, 8 (2.86%) suspicious of malignancy, 46 (16.43%) malignant and 8 (2.86%) were unsatisfactory for evaluation, of these 280 cases, 70 (25%) were available for histopathological examination. The most common benign lesion in the present study was fibroadenoma 115 (41.07%) and the most common malignant lesion was ductal carcinoma 43 (15.36%). Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a rapid and reliable tool to provide effective diagnosis in palpable breast lumps. It should be used as routine diagnostic procedure to provide the effective health care to the patients with breast lesions.
Investigations of surface plasmon resonances by energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy methods

This thesis concentrates on different plasmonic phenomena which are observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) techniques offering high energy and spatial resolution. Plasmonic coupling behaviour of nanoholes and nanoparticles having rectangular, circular, triangular etc. shapes were investigated using different techniques. The electromagnetic nature of the observed situations was unveiled with different simulation techniques based on discrete dipole approximation (DDA), finite element method (FEM), and three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain methods (3D-FDTD).
Integrating Nano-Patterned Ferromagnetic and Ferroelectric Materials For Smart Tunable Microwave Applications

The wireless communication market has been ever-growing in the recent decades. Radios with high performance and capabilities to support wireless connections are increasingly demanded. Recent developments in wireless communications targeting ubiquitous connections have resulted in ever more complex system structures for supporting multiple frequency bands and standards. Reconfigurable and tunable RF/microwave technologies have the potential to significantly simplify the systems. The main objective of this dissertation is to develop tunable technologies and design concepts, and propose a new design methodology to implement dually electrically tunable microwave components by integrating both selectively patterned ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials. The first part of the dissertation demonstrates the concept and topology of selectively patterned ferromagnetic (Permalloy) thin film enabled electrical tunability. The properties of Permalloy are demonstrated in details, and electrically tuning mechanism and topology are introduced and analyzed with both magnetic simulation and measurement results. By integrating selectively patterned Permalloy thin film to the coplanar waveguide transmission line, electrically tunable microwave transmission line is achieved. The inductance density of tunable transmission line can be electrically tuned by dc current, and the feasibility of Permalloy enabled electrical tunability is proved. To further validate the efficacy and utilize the topology to design tunable microwave components, tunable inductors and a tunable bandpass filter are designed and fabricated. For the tunable inductors, a planar spiral inductor and a 3-D solenoid inductor are implemented. Permalloy thin film is integrated with inductors
A novel approach to local similarity of protein binding sites substantially improves computational drug design results

We present a novel notion of binding site local similarity based on the analysis of complete protein environments of ligand fragments. Comparison of a query protein binding site (target) against the 3D structure of another protein (analog) in complex with a ligand enables ligand fragments from the analog complex to be transferred to positions in the target site, so that the complete protein environments of the fragment and its image are similar. The revealed environments are similarity regions and the fragments transferred to the target site are considered as binding patterns. The set of such binding patterns derived from a database of analog complexes forms a cloud‐like structure (fragment cloud), which is a powerful tool for computational drug design. It has been shown on independent test sets that the combined use of a traditional energy‐based score together with the cloud‐based score responsible for the quality of embedding of a ligand into the fragment cloud improves the self‐docking and screening results dramatically. The usage of a fragment cloud as a source of positioned molecular fragments fitting the binding protein environment has been validated by reproduction of experimental ligand optimization results. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Color stability over time of three resin-based restorative materials stored dry and in artificial saliva.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the color match of different composite resins relative to Vitapan Classical shade guide tab and their respective manufacturers' shade guide tabs as a function of time and storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three enamel shade A2 composite resins were used to fabricate 36 disk-shaped polymerized specimens (12 each), allocated into 2 groups of 6 and stored dry (GD) and in artificial saliva (GS). CIELAB coordinates from shade tabs and resin specimens immediately after polymerization (t0), and 24 hours (t1), 7 (t7), 14 (t14) and 21 (t21) days after polymerization were captured using a colorimeter. Color difference (ΔE00 ) between composite specimens and the reference tabs was calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. The results were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey's HDS post-hoc test, and Student t test (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Color of the three tested composites relative to Vita and their respective tabs significantly changed as a function of time until t14; however, between t14 and t21, no significant differences were found. No differences in color were found relative to storage at t14 and t21. ΔE00 values of specimens at t14 were significantly higher relative to their respective tabs than to Vitapan tab. CONCLUSIONS For all brands color changed up to day 14, when it stabilized, regardless of whether composite specimens had been stored in artificial saliva or simply in a box. Vitapan tab presented a better color match than the manufacturers' tabs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results found in this study demonstrated that the Vitapan Classical shade guide tab A2 provided a better color match than the respective shade guide tabs A2 supplied by the composite manufacturers. If custom shade tabs are to be made, however, they could be kept in a box and used as shade references from 14 days after being fabricated, when color stabilizes.
Gender disparities in high-quality research revealed by Nature Index journals

Background The present study aims to elucidate the state of gender equality in high-quality research by analyzing the representation of female authorships in the last decade (from 2008 to 2016). Methods Based on the Gendermetrics platform, 293,557 research articles from 54 journals listed in the Nature Index were considered covering the categories Life Science, Multidisciplinary, Earth & Environmental and Chemistry. The core method was the combined analysis of the proportion of female authorships and the female-to-male odds ratio for first, co- and last authorships. The distribution of prestigious authorships was measured by the Prestige Index. Results 29.8% of all authorships and 33.1% of the first, 31.8% of the co- and 18.1% of the last authorships were held by women. The corresponding female-to-male odds ratio is 1.19 (CI: 1.18–1.20) for first, 1.35 (CI: 1.34–1.36) for co- and 0.47 (CI: 0.46–0.48) for last authorships. Women are underrepresented at prestigious authorships compared to men (Prestige Index = -0.42). The underrepresentation accentuates in highly competitive articles attracting the highest citation rates, namely, articles with many authors and articles that were published in highest-impact journals. More specifically, a large negative correlation between the 5-Year-Impact-Factor of a journal and the female representation at prestigious authorships was revealed (r(52) = -. 63, P < . 001). Women publish fewer articles compared to men (39.0% female authors are responsible for 29.8% of all authorships) and are underrepresented at productivity levels of more than 2 articles per author. Articles with female key authors are less frequently cited than articles with male key authors. The gender-specific differences in citation rates increase the more authors contribute to an article. Distinct differences at the journal, journal category, continent and country level were revealed. The prognosis for the next decades forecast a very slow harmonization of authorships odds between the two genders.
The Psycho-Lexical Approach in Exploring the Field of Values

We reply to each of the issues raised by Schwartz in a commentary on our article on a comparison of value taxonomies. We discuss two approaches, mentioned in that commentary, the lexical approach and the theory-driven approach, especially with respect to their capacities in covering the domain of values and with respect to the representation of important values in a useful structure. We refute the critique by Schwartz that the lexical approach is superfluous, because his theory “toward universals in values” would already cover all values, and that their mutual relationships are relevant to individuals around the globe. We explain the necessity and strength of the lexical approach in taxonomizing the value domain, both within and across languages. Furthermore, we argue that principal components analysis (PCA) and simultaneous component analysis (SCA) are most adequate in arriving at a satisfactory structuring of the great many values in terms of both underlying constructs and their facets. We point to a misrepresentation in Schwartz’s circular model, and we review some misunderstandings on the side of Schwartz with respect to our results in comparison with those proceeding from his circular model.
Hierarchical representation of scenes using activity information

Object segmentation and tracking are two key issues in the analysis of scenes for video surveillance or scene understanding applications. The paper presents a new algorithm in the context of object segmentation. The proposed method combines an adaptive background learning technique with a hierarchical segmentation method based on binary partition trees. The result is a region-based dynamic scene description, where each active region is characterized by a temporal feature, reflecting on the time it remains in the same position of the scene. This description is then used to classify the background and foreground objects of the scene and can also be used as an additional feature for region tracking and scene understanding.
On the Featureless Registration of Differently Exposed Images

s paper emphasizes the importance of aneously performing joint spatial and tonal ation when dealing with differently exposed s. This is supported by analyzing an example only jointly simultaneous registration provides rrect result. The registration approach utilizes an ive function that minimizes the sum of the tive variance over pixels of a global coordinate This allows for the pair-wise or simultaneous ation of images. The models employed relate s spatially by homographic transformations and y by comparametric functions. The approach can include or exclude the tonal modeling to provide fair comparison between joint and spatial-only ation. ords: joint registration, featureless, levenbergadt, nonlinear optimization, exposure-adjusted.
The youth form of the Motivators of and Barriers to Health-Smart Behaviors Inventory.

OBJECTIVE To develop a youth form of the Motivators of and Barriers to Health-Smart Behaviors Inventory (MB-HSBI-Youth) for use in identifying self-reported motivators of and barriers to the following health-promoting behaviors (called health-smart behaviors): eating a healthy breakfast, eating healthy foods and snacks, drinking healthy drinks, and engaging in physical activity. DESIGN The MB-HSBI-Youth was developed through several research phases as part of a larger, multisite, and multicomponent study on modifying and preventing obesity in families. A critical aspect of the larger study was to identify the motivators of and barriers to the above-identified health-smart behaviors among African American, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino American, and non-Hispanic White American adults and youth. After preliminary research involving content validity, item analyses, and pilot testing, a pilot version of the MB-HSBI-Youth was administered to a national sample of 567 culturally diverse youth ranging from 9 to 17 years old. RESULTS Factor analyses and internal consistency results revealed the existence of multiple subscales measuring motivators of and barriers to each of the above-specified health-smart behaviors. Scores on the MB-HSBI-Youth correlated in expected directions with health self-efficacy scores and with ratings of the importance of health-related behavioral goals. CONCLUSION The MB-HSBI-Youth may be a useful and novel tool for developing assessment-based, culturally sensitive health promotion programs customized to be responsive to the motivators of and barriers to health-smart behaviors identified in target communities, particularly those communities whose members are mostly racial/ethnic minorities.
Improvement of microcirculation and wound healing in vertical ridge augmentation after pre-treatment with self-inflating soft tissue expanders - a randomized study in dogs.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of soft tissue expansion (STE) on vertical ridge augmentation with regard to the incidence of wound dehiscences and the impairment of microcirculation in dogs, and the applicability of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) to explore the relation between microcirculation and wound healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bone defects were created on both mandibular sides in ten beagle dogs by extraction of premolars and removal of bone. Six weeks later, self-filling tissue expanders were implanted in randomly assigned test sites. After 5 weeks of expansion, vertical augmentation was carried out in test and control sites using calvarial onlay grafts side by side with granular biphasic calcium phosphate covered with a resorbable polyethylene glycol membrane. Microcirculation was evaluated with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The incidence of wound dehiscences was evaluated after 2 weeks. The validity of LDF to predict dehiscences was evaluated by construction of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS After augmentation, test sites showed significantly better perfusion than control sites without preceding STE (P = 0.012). Three days after surgery, perfusion was still significantly decreased in control sites (P = 0.005), while microcirculation in test sites had returned to pre-surgical levels. After 2 weeks, healing in test sites was good, whereas eight dehiscences were found in control sites (P = 0.002). ROC curves showed that microcirculation levels immediately after augmentation surgery significantly predicted subsequent wound dehiscences (AUC = 0.799, CI 0.642-0.955, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Laser Doppler flowmetry is suitable for evaluation of soft tissue microcirculation after ridge augmentation. STE reduced the impairment of microcirculation caused by vertical ridge augmentation and decreased the incidence of wound dehiscences in the investigated animal model.
A recursive estimator of worst-case burstiness

The leaky-bucket regulator has several potential roles in the operation of future transport networks; among them, the bounding of possible source trajectories in implementations of worst-case approaches to network design. It seems plausible that there will be applications whose specific traffic characteristics are known a priori neither to the user nor to the network; in such cases, a recursive algorithm for setting the leaky-bucket parameters may prove useful. We devise such an algorithm here. The leaky-bucket parameters are computed recursively over a limited period of observation of the source behavior. We provide an explicit characterization of the dynamics of the estimator, and the results of a simulation study of performance in the case of real source trajectories.
Lupus band test.

To the Editor. — In his recent review of the lupus band test (LBT), Monroe 1 stated, "The value of the LBT as a diagnostic tool is well established. " Later in the article, he stressed the specificity of this same test for lupus erythematosus when confronted with a patient who had a connective tissue disease with a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA). While I would agree that the LBT should always be included in the diagnostic armamentarium for connective tissue disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus, it is not specific for this disease. Baldassare et al 2 were able to show deposits of IgM in the dermal-epidermal junction zone in eight of 16 patients who were thought to have either definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis. At the time the biopsy specimen was taken from the volar aspect of the right forearm, the rheumatoid factor was positive in 11 of these same 16 patients. The
Deployment Strategies for Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication in Factory Automation

Factory automation is one of the challenging use cases that the fifth generation, 5G, networks are expected to support. It involves mission-critical machine-type communications, MTC, with requirements of extreme low-latency and ultra-reliable communication to enable real-time control of automation processes in manufacturing facilities. In this paper, we discuss the deployment strategies for the 5G mission-critical MTC solution designed to meet the needs of factory automation applications. The paper analyzes the coverage and capacity aspects based on a series of system-level evaluations considering both noise-limited and interference- limited operations. It further analyzes the related trade-offs to provide insights on the network deployment strategies for a realistic factory scenario.
Presumed prevalence analysis on suspected and highly suspected breast cancer lesions in São Paulo using BIRADS criteria.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Breast cancer screening programs are critical for early detection of breast cancer. Early detection is essential for diagnosing, treating and possibly curing breast cancer. Since there are no data on the incidence of breast cancer, nationally or regionally in Brazil, our aim was to assess women by means of mammography, to determine the prevalence of this disease. DESIGN AND SETTING The study protocol was designed in collaboration between the Department of Diagnostic Imaging (DDI), Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI) and São Paulo Municipal Health Program. METHODS A total of 139,945 Brazilian women were assessed by means of mammography between April 2002 and September 2004. Using the American College of Radiology (ACR) criteria (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BIRADS), the prevalence of suspected and highly suspected breast lesions were determined. RESULTS The prevalence of suspected (BIRADS 4) and highly suspected (BIRADS 5) lesions increased with age, especially after the fourth decade. Accordingly, BIRADS 4 and BIRADS 5 lesions were more prevalent in the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh decades. CONCLUSION The presumed prevalence of suspected and highly suspected breast cancer lesions in the population of São Paulo was 0.6% and it is similar to the prevalence of breast cancer observed in other populations.
Evaluating scalable fuzzy clustering

Clustering large data has the problem of not having all the data fit in the memory at one time. It is a challenge to apply fuzzy clustering algorithms to get a partition in a timely manner. In this paper, we compare the online fuzzy clustering and single pass fuzzy clustering algorithms, which can be used to cluster very large data sets which might be treated as streaming data, with fuzzy c-means. We introduce more meaningful partition comparison measurements based on cluster center location instead of using the difference in Rm value. We obtained results on several large volumes of magnetic resonance images which indicate that the online FCM algorithm produces partitions which are very close to what you could get if you clustered all the data at one time. We also show online FCM outperforms single pass FCM and it can process streaming data as it comes without degradation in most cases.
BODY SENSOR NETWORKS : A REVIEW

Recent advances in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks. The sensor networks can be used for various application areas. For different application areas, there are different technical issues that researchers are currently resolving. The use of sensor networks for healthcare is well established; it works even in extreme environments and has long roots in the engineering sector in medicine and biology community. With the maturity of wireless sensor networks, body area networks (BANs), and wireless BANs (WBANs), recent efforts in promoting the concept of body sensor networks (BSNs) aim to move beyond sensor connectivity to adopt a system-level approach to address issues related to biosensor design, interfacing, and embodiment, as well as ultralow-power processing/communication, power scavenging, autonomic sensing, data mining, inferencing, and integrated wireless sensor Microsystems. As a result, the system architecture based on WBAN and BSN is becoming a widely accepted method of organization for ambulatory and ubiquitous monitoring systems. This paper presents a snapshot of the current research and emerging applications and addresses some of the challenges and implementation issues.