Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRESSURE AND SHEAR RESPONSES IN BRAIN INJURY MODELS

Finite element (FE) models of the brain are regularly used to investigate brain injury mechanisms. Validation of these models against cadaver impacts is usually restricted to intracranial pressure data. However, the low shear modulus of neural tissue means that injurious strains result from shear deformations. It is shown that brain injury models that are validated for pressure alone can give a wide range of shear responses to the same impact. Holbourn's arguments on the harmlessness of pressure are extended by introducing separate wave equations for pressure and shear, derived from the Helmholtz vector decomposition. Two idealised models of traumatic brain injury are used to show that there is no one-to-one relation between pressure and shear in head impacts lasting a few milliseconds. The first is an analytical model of wave propagation in the brain under the action of local skull bending. The second is a strain-validated FE representation of the coronal plane of the human head under rotational acceleration. As there is no one-to-one relation between dilatation and distortion in typical head impacts, it is not acceptable to validate FE models for pressure and then use them to predict injury.
Aktive daten- und modellbasierte Sensorpositionierung zur 3-D-Vermessung

Im Bereich der dreidimensionalen Objektrekonstruktion und -inspektion ist die Ansichtenplanung eines der zentralen Probleme. Es erlaubt die Bestimmung geeigneter Sensorparameter, um ein Messobjekt hochgenau und vollstandig mit wenigen Ansichten zu erfassen. Dadurch konnen kurzere Ansichtenplane erstellt werden, welche zu genaueren und vollstandigeren Rekonstruktionen fuhren. Traditionelle Verfahren zur Ansichtenplanung, der Bestimmung der besten nachsten Ansicht (Next Best View, NBV) streben entweder nach der Maximierung der Vollstandigkeit oder der Minimierung der Unsicherheit. Im Gegensatz dazu erlaubt die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte modellbasierte Mehrschrittplanung, unter Berucksichtigung des zum grosten Eigenwert der geschatzten Messunsicherheit gehorenden Eigenvektors (sog. erweitertes E-Kriterium), die gemeinsame Optimierung von Vollstandigkeit und Genauigkeit. Dazu muss der verwendete Sensor genau modelliert und seine charakteristische Messunsicherheit experimentell bestimmt werden. Der gezeigte Ansatz ist sowohl in der daten- als auch der modellgetriebenen Ansichtenplanung anwendbar. Die Planungsmethode erzielt auch bei komplexen Messobjekten gute Ergebnisse. Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt den Planungsansatz in einen der Messdatenaufnahme vorangestelltem Berechnungsschritt fur einen streifenprojektionsbasierten 3-D-Scanner um, veri? ziert die Vorteile durch Experimente und vergleicht die erzielten Ergebnisse mit menschlichen Bedienern und einem aktuellen Ansatz aus der Literatur. Dazu wird eine umfangreiche Bewertungsmethodik entwickelt. Diese umfasst neben einem komplexen Testobjekt fur die Ansichtenplanung auch die detaillierte Bewertung der Messergebnisse hinsichtlich der benotigten Ansichtenanzahl, erzielten Vollstandigkeit und Genauigkeit. Die vorgestellten Methoden werden zusatzlich zum Testobjekt auch mit verschiedenen, reprasentativen Messobjekten fur die 3-D Rekonstruktion und Inspektion getestet.
Salmonella Contamination of Swine Carcasses and Pork Products

and Implications This paper includes results from two separate studies: one surveyed the level of contamination at four points during the slaughter and processing of chilled pork; the second study surveyed ground pork from 17 companies representing five different segments of ground pork distribution. Regarding the carcass study, the highest percentage of Salmonella spp. isolated from the different sampling sites by a swab method, for both pork loin and ham surfaces, was 4.4% after the singeing step of the slaughter process. Overall, 1.7% of all pork samples showing positive isolations for Salmonella spp. , however, there were no Salmonella spp. found in one of the three plants surveyed. Salmonella were isolated primarily from pork before fabrication and refrigerated storage. A continous reduction in the numbers of Salmonella spp. isolates was detected from the point of singeing to the point of fabrication. No Salmonella spp. were isolated from vacuumpackaged pork stored for 36 days at 2EC. The purpose of the ground pork project was to survey current sources of ground pork, and to determine the effects of different handling methods and raw material sources on the microbial quality of ground pork. There were no significant differences in the microbial counts, or prevalence of selected organisms, between the different types of companies from which the ground pork was obtained. Estimated variance among locations, samples and sample duplicates show that additional ground pork samples are needed to strengthen the results of this study.
Revisiting Display Space Management: Understanding Current Practice to Inform Next-generation Design

Most modern computer systems allow the user to control the space allocated to interfaces through a window system. While much of the understanding of how people interact with windows may be regarded as well-known, there are very few reports of documented window management practices. Recent work on larger display spaces indicates that multiple monitor use is becoming more commonplace, and that users are experiencing a variety of usability issues with their window systems. The lack of understanding of how people generally interact with windows implies that future design and evaluation of window managers may not address emerging user needs and display systems. Thus we present a study of people using a variety of window managers and display configurations to illustrate manager- and display-independent space management issues. We illustrate several issues with space management, and each issue includes discussion of the implications of both evaluations and design directions for future window managers. We also present a classification of users' space management styles and relationships to window system types.
Towards a Practical, Scalable Self-Localization System for Android Phones Based on WLAN Fingerprinting

Indoor localization is becoming increasingly important for mobile applications. WLAN fingerprinting is a compelling technique because it builds upon existing infrastructure and client hardware available in off-the-shelf mobile devices. We evaluate different methods for WLAN fingerprint classification with a focus on on-device localization. The main scientific contribution of this approach is that any Android based device can localize itself (without any server being able to determine the current location) using existing WLAN infrastructure (no additional access points have to be installed, the firmware of existing access points doesn't have to be changed). This approach was chosen to make indoor localization feasible in non-academic use cases. With a functional implementation and a simple procedure for collecting WLAN fingerprints, we currently achieve an accuracy of 4m in 90% of all cases with a mean error of only 2.2m when the same device is used for training and testing. Next steps are calibration between different mobile devices, post-processing in terms of movement, and automatic downloading of the required WLAN fingerprint databases on a global scale.
A probabilistic algorithm for k-SAT and constraint satisfaction problems

We present a simple probabilistic algorithm for solving k-SAT and more generally, for solving constraint satisfaction problems (CSP). The algorithm follows a simple local search paradigm (S. Minton et al., 1992): randomly guess an initial assignment and then, guided by those clauses (constraints) that are not satisfied, by successively choosing a random literal from such a clause and flipping the corresponding bit, try to find a satisfying assignment. If no satisfying assignment is found after O(n) steps, start over again. Our analysis shows that for any satisfiable k-CNF-formula with n variables this process has to be repeated only t times, on the average, to find a satisfying assignment, where t is within a polynomial factor of (2(1-1/k))/sup n/. This is the fastest (and also the simplest) algorithm for 3-SAT known up to date. We consider also the more general case of a CSP with n variables, each variable taking at most d values, and constraints of order l, and analyze the complexity of the corresponding (generalized) algorith m. It turns out that any CSP can be solved with complexity at most (d/spl middot/(1-1/l)+/spl epsiv/)/sup n/.
Adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES Previous studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the role of SDD as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of smokers and non-smokers with CP. MATERIAL AND METHODS A meta-analysis of two previously reported clinical studies was undertaken. Both were 9-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre clinical trials that investigated the efficacy of SDD (20 mg doxycycline twice daily) in combination with SRP in subjects with moderate-severe CP. 36.9% of the combined study population were smokers. Three hundred and ninety-two subjects were included in the meta-analysis, which evaluated per-subject mean changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) from baseline and the total number of sites with attachment gains and PD reductions > or =2 and > or =3 mm from baseline in four subgroups: smokers/SDD; smokers/placebo; non-smokers/SDD; non-smokers/placebo. RESULTS A hierarchical treatment response was observed, with non-smokers who received SDD demonstrating the greatest CAL gains and PD reductions. Smokers who received placebo demonstrated the smallest clinical improvements following treatment. Smokers who received SDD demonstrated an intermediate treatment response that was broadly equivalent to that seen in non-smokers who received placebo. In sites with baseline PD 4-6 mm, month 9 CAL gains were 19-45% better in non-smokers who received SDD compared with all other subgroups (p<0.05), and were 21% greater in smokers who received SDD compared with smokers who received placebo (p<0.05). Furthermore, month 9 PD reductions were 21-53% greater in non-smokers who received SDD compared with all other subgroups (p<0.01), and were 26% greater in smokers who received SDD compared with smokers who received placebo (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Adjunctive SDD enhances therapeutic outcomes compared with SRP alone, resulting in clinical benefit in both smokers and non-smokers with CP.
Brucellosis Vaccines: Assessment of Brucella melitensis Lipopolysaccharide Rough Mutants Defective in Core and O-Polysaccharide Synthesis and Export

Background The brucellae are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, one of the major neglected zoonoses. In endemic areas, vaccination is the only effective way to control this disease. Brucella melitensis Rev 1 is a vaccine effective against the brucellosis of sheep and goat caused by B. melitensis, the commonest source of human infection. However, Rev 1 carries a smooth lipopolysaccharide with an O-polysaccharide that elicits antibodies interfering in serodiagnosis, a major problem in eradication campaigns. Because of this, rough Brucella mutants lacking the O-polysaccharide have been proposed as vaccines. Methodology/Principal Findings To examine the possibilities of rough vaccines, we screened B. melitensis for lipopolysaccharide genes and obtained mutants representing all main rough phenotypes with regard to core oligosaccharide and O-polysaccharide synthesis and export. Using the mouse model, mutants were classified into four attenuation patterns according to their multiplication and persistence in spleens at different doses. In macrophages, mutants belonging to three of these attenuation patterns reached the Brucella characteristic intracellular niche and multiplied intracellularly, suggesting that they could be suitable vaccine candidates. Virulence patterns, intracellular behavior and lipopolysaccharide defects roughly correlated with the degree of protection afforded by the mutants upon intraperitoneal vaccination of mice. However, when vaccination was applied by the subcutaneous route, only two mutants matched the protection obtained with Rev 1 albeit at doses one thousand fold higher than this reference vaccine. These mutants, which were blocked in O-polysaccharide export and accumulated internal O-polysaccharides, stimulated weak anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies. Conclusions/Significance The results demonstrate that no rough mutant is equal to Rev 1 in laboratory models and question the notion that rough vaccines are suitable for the control of brucellosis in endemic areas.
Update Summary Generation based on Semantically Adapted Vector Space Model

paper proposes an approach of personalizing the vector space model with dependency parse relations and applying Latent Semantic Analysis on it to generate update summary from multiple documents. The purpose of the update summary is to inform the reader of new information about the topic. The main task was to produce two concise summaries from two related sets of documents, where the second summary was an update summary of the first one. In the proposed system individual word weight is calculated using tsf-isf and dependency parse of the document has been used to modify the tsf-isf weight of words by incorporating the dependency between each pair of words. To preserve important semantic information in the text LSA is performed and to select relevant sentences basic features, advanced features and update specific features are used. The experiment result shows that low overlap between initial summary and its update summary.
Plastic pollution tendencies of the Barents Sea and adjacent waters under the climate change

The article represents the analysis of the plastic pollution of water areas and coasts of the Barents Sea and adjacent waters based on foreign and Russian studies. The authors consider the influence of various factors, including climate change in the Arctic. The threat to various types of marine activities and the marine ecosystem from plastic pollution is evaluated. The emphasis is on the existing and potential damage to industrial fisheries in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters. An analysis of the regulatory and organizational and economic mechanisms for preventing plastic pollution of the Arctic seas and coasts of the Arctic Council member states and practices of their application is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the control and supervision over litter collection onboard and the efficiency of its disposal after delivery to the land. To improve the legal regulation of handling waste of production and consumption, it is justified to adopt the draft federal law “On secondary material resources”; to create a financial platform for the circular economy in analogy with the European Union and to develop technologies to increase the life cycle and reuse of goods made of plastic. To supplement to the activities of the “State Program Social and Economic Development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation” and the state programs for social and economic development of the Arctic, it is proposed to include various types of plastic in the list of hazardous pollutants of water areas and coasts of the Russian Arctic and to build facilities for processing of plastic wastes from fishing enterprises in the Arctic. Also, the regional authorities should encourage volunteering for cleaning coasts of the Barents Sea from garbage, incl. plastic.
Low Complexity Motion Model Analysis for Distributed Video Coding

Mobile 2.0 is being considered as a natural extension of the Web 2.0 revolution to the mobile networks. One important concept in Web 2.0 is the real-time creation and uplink transmission of rich multimedia contents from individual clients to the Internet. However, due to power constraints of mobile handsets, it is difficult to turn this concept into practice in mobile ecosystems. To realize this vision, distributed video coding (DVC) is proposed in 2002 as a possible solution to the design of low complexity video encoders without sacrificing video quality. DVC relies on highly complex decoders to decode-and-restore high quality video output. However, so far, the coding quality of existing DVC codecs is no where near that of the traditional closed-loop codecs. In this paper, an optical flow-based low complexity motion model analysis process is proposed to aid the generation of side information for DVC decoders. Fast total least-squares analysis is performed on the video data at the encoder so that coding decision can be chosen to provide more useful hints for the generation of high quality side information at the decoder. As shown from the experiments, the proposed technique is very promising for improving the quality of DVC codecs and for mobile 2.0 applications.
Sampling Techniques for the Nystrom Method

The Nystrom method is an efficient technique to generate low-rank matrix approximations and is used in several large-scale learning applications. A key aspect of this method is the distribution according to which columns are sampled from the original matrix. In this work, we present an analysis of different sampling techniques for the Nystrom method. Our analysis includes both empirical and theoretical components. We first present novel experiments with several real world datasets, comparing the performance of the Nystrom method when used with uniform versus non-uniform sampling distributions. Our results suggest that uniform sampling without replacement, in addition to being more efficient both in time and space, produces more effective approximations. This motivates the theoretical part of our analysis which gives the first performance bounds for the Nystrom method precisely when used with uniform sampling without replacement.
[Parenteral administration medicines: recommendations of preparation, administration and stability].

OBJECTIVE To develop recommendations for the preparation of parenteral drugs (MAP), to assess the transferability of their preparation, from nursing units in the hospital ward to the pharmacy service (SF). METHOD A table of stabilities of parenteral drugs included in the pharmacotherapeutic guideline was developed using the american and spanish guidelines. Information about MAP was collected (method of preparation, support, maintenance, validity, administration specifications and packaging) by consulting product technical sheets, pharmaceutical industries, literature review and databases. RESULTS After reviewing 209 drugs, a list of recommendations was developed. According to the data, MAP will be prepared as follows: 89 drugs will be prepared from SF, 62 drugs at nursing units because of its immediate administration requirement and 58 are already packed for its administration by the industry. Of these 62 drugs prepared a nursing units, 14 of them will be prepared in the following doses by the SF. Therefore, 48 drugs will be prepared at nursing units from the 209 parenteral drugs reviewed. CONCLUSIONS A standardized method of preparation, storage, administration and validity of MAP was established by the SF. The preparation of MAP in the SF extends its shelf life, by considering physicochemical stability, level of risk and product vulnerability to microbiological contamination. The information provided will contribute to a reduction of errors associated with the preparation and administration of MAP.
A Topology-Aware Routing Protocol for the MANET with Multiple Sinks

In this paper, a topology-aware routing protocol is developed for the mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) with multiple fixed base stations (BSs). The protocol aims at delivering packets reliably from the source node to its nearest BS. A topology-aware route recovery method is proposed to resolve route failures, and a novel "majority vote" algorithm is developed to locally update the information about the nearest BS. In addition, as a backup solution to the periodic advertisement, we propose an "on-demand" topology refreshing algorithm, timely updating the network topology at the request of the urgent source nodes. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol
Geospatial Assessment of Cholera in a Rapidly Urbanizing Environment

This study mapped out and investigated the spatial relationship between cholera incidences and environmental risk factors in the study area. The study area was stratified into eight zones. Water samples from each zone were collected and analyzed to determine the colony forming units. GIS layers including housing density, digitized roads, rivers, buildings, and cholera incidence data from hospital archives were also collected and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.1. It was observed that there was an association between the ERFs (p < 0.001). Similarly, 18 out of the 44 waste dump sites, seven out of 18 markets, and two out of 36 abattoirs were found near the historical cholera cases. Similarly, 4 (21.1%) locations were traced to be predominantly close to rivers and waste dump site. All the historical cholera cases were found adjoining to roads and buildings. Highest CFU count was found in the wells and streams of areas with a cluster of all the environmental risk factors and high housing density. This study revealed that waste dump sites and market had the highest predisposing attribute while the least was abattoir. The uniqueness of the study lies in the combination of mapping and microbial analyses to identify and assess the pattern of cholera risk and also to provide clear information for development of strategies for environmental supervision.
Neutron Star Kicks in Isolated and Binary Pulsars: Observational Constraints and Implications for Kick Mechanisms

We study observational constraints on neutron star (NS) kicks for isolated pulsars and for NSs in binary systems. We are particularly interested in the evidence of kick-spin alignment/misalignment and its dependence on the NS initial spin period. For several young pulsars, X-ray observations of compact nebulae showed that pulsar proper motion is aligned with the spin direction as defined by the symmetry axis of the nebula. We also critically examine the measurements of the proper motion and the projected spin axis from a large sample of pulsars with well-calibrated polarization data. We find that among the two dozen pulsars for which reliable measurements are available, there is a significant correlation between the spin axis and the proper motion. For various NS binaries, including double NS systems, binaries with massive main-sequence star companions, and binaries with massive white-dwarf companions, we obtain constraints on the kick magnitudes and directions from the observed orbital characteristics of the system. We find that the kick velocity is misaligned with the NS spin axis in a number of systems, and the NS spin period (when available) in these systems is generally longer than several hundred milliseconds. These constraints, together with the spin-kick alignment observed in many isolated pulsars, suggest that the kick timescale is hundreds of milliseconds to 1 s, so that spin-kick alignment or misalignment can be obtained depending on the initial spin period of the NS. We discuss the implication of our result for various NS kick mechanisms.