Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reciprocity principle for the detection of planar cracks in anisotropic elastic material

The functionality of elastic devices can be strongly reduced by cracks. Therefore, it is important to develop nondestructive techniques for testing whether cracks exist inside the device, and if they exist, what the position and size of these cracks are. In this paper, we focus on the inverse method of measurements of boundary data for anisotropic elastic fields under different loads in order to detect cracks. We draw on the paper of Andrieux et al (1999 Inverse Problems 15 59–65), where a reciprocity principle is used for the detection of plane cracks in isotropic linear elastic materials. Utilizing that the setup and significant parts of the analysis by Andrieux et al are formulated generally and remain valid in anisotropic materials, we generalize this method for two- and three-dimensional transversely anisotropic elastic devices and demonstrate it by numerical experiments. We start from a cracked domain and generate boundary data as artificial measurements by solving numerically a forward problem. The inverse computations show good agreement between the simulated crack and the original one.
Local Study of Polarization Reversal Kinetics in Ferroelectric Crystals Using Scanning Probe Microscopy

Visualization of as-grown domain patterns and local polarization reversal were carried out in ferroelectric single crystals Pb5Ge3O11 and LiNbO3 using scanning probe microscopy. The piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) was used for domain imaging. The problem of PFM background signal smearing the domain contrast was solved by special mathematical treatment resulting in clear PFM images. This analysis was applied for extracting the field dependence of the size of domains produced by local polarization reversal in Pb5Ge3O11. The strong effect of abnormal polarization reversal resulting in appearance of the domains with polarization anti-parallel to locally applied field was demonstrated in LiNbO3.
Wheat grain biofortification for essential amino acids

Abstract The objective of this work was to select wheat genotypes aiming to increase the essential amino acids in their grains. The study was carried out in the 2019 crop year, in a randomized complete block design, organized in a 5x5 factorial arrangement – five environments in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cachoeira do Sul, Cruz Alta, Santo Augusto, São Gabriel, and Vacaria), and five wheat genotypes ('BRS Parrudo', 'Marfim', 'Quartzo', 'TBIO Mestre', and 'TBIO Sinuelo') –, with two replicates. Polar metabolites were extracted from the flour of the ground wheat grains, derivatized, and evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for the metabolites. To select the genotypes for the traits of interest, the multi-trait index based on factor analysis and ideotype design, the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index, and the multi-trait stability index were applied. The wheat genotypes express a high genetic variability and selection possibility for gentiobiose, butyric acid, galactopyranosyl, phenylalanine, tryptophan, leucine, and isoleucine. The 'Marfim' genotype remains stable for essential amino acid levels in the studied environments. The 'Quartzo' genotype stands out in the expression of leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan in its grains.
Complex spectral OCT in human eye imaging in vivo

Complex Spectral Optical Tomography (SOCT) in comparison to ordinary SOCT produces images free of parasitic terms with extended measurement range. This technique requires stability of the object during at least three consecutive measurements. With a new fast SOCT instrument it was possible to make measurements regardless of involuntary eye movements. The first measurements of human eye in vivo based on Complex SOCT are presented.
An Improved SIFT Feature Extraction Algorithm

In order to meet the need of real-time ability in image positioning on UAV, an improved SIFT feature extraction algorithm is put forward. Firstly, setting proper pixel step when testing scale space feature points, to reduce the testing times of extreme points and make feature points uniformly distributed. Then, the contrast threshold is determined based on the gray scale of tested feature points and the points with low contrast are eliminated. The feature extraction can be accelerated by using adaptive pixel steps and contrast thresholds. Experiment results show that the improved algorithm can reduce the numbers of the extracted feature points and improve the algorithm efficiency greatly.
The combination of Luvunga sarmentosa (BI.) and Eurycoma longifolia Jackhydro-alcoholic extract as a source of antioxidant and analgesic agent

: The combination of Luvunga sarmentosa and Eurycoma longifolia is widely prescribed in traditional medicine by the local Dayak tribe in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of antioxidants and analgesics from the combination of hydro-alcoholic extract of L. sarmentosa and E. longifolia stem. The phytochemical investigation was performed using an established method described in the literature. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteu, whereas the flavonoid was determined by aluminum chloride. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The analgesic effect was determined by acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in male mice. The result shows that combination extract (CE, IC50 162.5±0.21 µ g/mL) had higher antioxidant activity than L. sarmentosa extract (LSE, IC50 200.20±0.23 µ g/mL) and E. longifolia extract (ELE, IC50 293.45±0.32 µ g/mL). All extracts showed significant dose-dependent analgesic activity against acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate pain models. A higher dose of CE, LSE, and ELE (550 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition of writhing by 67.60±2.76, 56.45±2.34, and 68.64±1.65%, respectively. The maximum possible analgesia of CE, LSE, and ELE in the hot plate test at 550 mg/kg BW dose was 25.32%, 16.04%, and 26.72%. CE has higher analgesic activity than LSE and ELE. The extracts are more effective for peripheral than central analgesia. Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the inflammatory mediator's release. The high antioxidant and analgesic activity at CE is relevant to the higher total flavones and phenols compared to LSE and ELE.
Exact THD Calculations Applied to Minimize Space Harmonic Content of Winding and Rotor Magnetic Fields

As a metric for measuring the combined space harmonic content of electric machine winding magnetomotive force (MMF), the winding total harmonic distortion (THD) is defined with an infinite series. Without truncation, the exact THD can be evaluated via a “family grouping” facilitated by a “family sum” over the fewest possible winding factors. Uniformly applicable to distributed windings and fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCWs), this procedure also explains the inherent difference in harmonic content between both winding categories. Furthermore, the minimal THD (mTHD) that can be achieved by optimizing a winding is revealed with a closed-form expression. While intended for windings, the mTHD concept also benefits the design of low harmonic content rotor magnetic fields. Examples of both winding and rotor mTHD designs are provided.
Control of Chaotic Impacts

We apply controlling chaos techniques to select the desired sequence of impacts in a map that captures universal properties of impact oscillators near grazing. For instance, we can choose the period and then stabilize an unstable periodic orbit with, say, one impact per period involved in the grazing bifurcations that take place in the system.
Some perfect fluid solutions of Einstein's field equations without symmetries

Metrics of the form ds2=N2(x1, xn)(dx1)2+gab(xn) xadxb are considered which are subject to the conditions that the time-like 3-space (with metric gab) is conformally flat, that its Ricci tensor has at most two different eigenvalues and that the 4-velocity is an eigenvector of this Ricci tensor. The perfect fluid (or dust) solutions are necessarily of Petrov type D or O, and in the general case they do not admit a Killing vector. All rotating solutions are given explicitly. The non-rotating solutions are either conformally flat (and thus known) or (if of type D) contained in the class of solutions investigated, for example, by Szekeres (1975), Tomimura (1977), and Szafron and Wainwright (1977).
In Silico Comparison of Drug-Likeness of Phytochemicals from Nine Herbal Plants against Asthma

: Asthma is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, affecting approximately 300 million people worldwide. Current therapies have disadvantages such as side effects and high costs. Alterna-tively, herbal plants have been used for decades as focal medicine to cure asthma. The goal of this research was to make use of molinspiration and pkCSM in silico tools to determine the drug-likeness of nine phytochemicals (mangiferonic acid, withaferin A, stigmasterol, 6-shogaol, rosmarinic acid, glycyrrhizin, alphitolic acid, oleanic acid
The performance of the MICE muon beam line

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment is one lattice cell of a cooling channel suitable for conditioning the muon beam at the front end of a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. The beam line designed to transport muons into MICE has been installed, and data was collected in 2010. In this paper the method of reconstructing longitudinal momentum and transverse trace space using two timing detectors is discussed, and a preliminary simulation of the performance of a measured beam in the cooling channel is presented.
Identification of hsa_circ_0001445 of a novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network as potential biomarker for coronary heart disease

Objects To evaluate the hsa_circ_0001445 level in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and its related clinical factors, and predict its circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in CHD pathogenesis via bioinformatics analysis. Methods Peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated from the whole blood samples of 94 CHD patients (aged 65.96 ± 9.78 years old) and 126 healthy controls (aged 60.75 ± 8.81 years old). qRT-PCR was used to quantify the expression level of circRNA and subsequently analyze its association with CHD clinical parameters. Via bioinformatics algorithm and GEO datasets, differential miRNA expression was evaluated using the Limma package. A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was predicted by cyTargetLinker. ClusterProfiler was employed to perform functional enrichment analysis of the circRNA network to investigate its role in CHD pathogenesis. Results The expression of hsa_circ_0001445 in peripheral blood leukocytes of CHD patients was downregulated compared with that of healthy controls. Positive correlations were evident between hsa_circ_0001445 expression level and the levels of hemoglobin, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A significant negative correlation was also found between hsa_circ_0001445 expression level and age and the neutrophil level. Low expression of hsa_circ_0001445 exhibited a discriminatory ability between CHD patients and healthy controls with a sensitivity of 67.5% and a specificity of 76.6% (p < 0.05). By bioinformatics analysis, 405 gene ontology terms were identified. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes terms focused principally on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. hsa_circ_0001445 was associated with the expression of three miRNAs that may regulate 18 genes involved in KEGG processes: hsa-miR-507, hsa-miR-375–3p, and hsa-miR-942–5p. Conclusion The hsa_circ_0001445 level in peripheral blood leukocytes may serve as a biomarker for CHD diagnosis. Our work on circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks suggests a potential role for hsa_circ_0001445 in CHD development.
Method of 2-D Range-Doppler Imaging for Plasma Wake Based on Range Walk Correction

When a hypersonic vehicle flies in the atmosphere, plasma sheath and trails are configured around the vehicle due to aerodynamic heating and ablation, which distort the radar echo signal and then influence the target range information and Doppler frequency extracted from the echoes. In order to examine the impact of plasma laminar wake on radar detection, this article is primarily aimed to establish a laminar wake echo model based on a linear frequency-modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) radar, which takes into account the reaction control system of laminar wake by employing the Born approximation solution and the characteristics of the inhomogeneous and nonunique velocity of the wake medium. An echo signal processing method is also developed, in which the stretch processing technique is combined with the keystone transform of the target range walk correction. Such a treatment not only reduces the sampling rate and bandwidth, but also eliminates the cross-range cells phenomenon caused by hypersonic; finally, the range-Doppler (RD) image of the wake is achieved by 2-D fast Fourier transform (2-D FFT) processing, and radar range and velocity measurement results in the presence of plasma are obtained.
Employment of liquisolid approach in the development optimization and evaluation of an oral disintegrating tablet of aripiprazole

: The major problems associated with the oral route of administration are low solubility, low permeability, and hepatic degradation of drugs, leading to low bioavailability issues. Therefore, in this study, a biopharmaceutics classification systems (BCS) class II drug aripiprazole was chosen to develop an oral disintegrating tablet using liquisolid technology to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug. Liquisolid compact of aripiprazole was prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) as a nonvolatile solvent, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a carrier, and Aerosil 200 as a coating material. The formulations were optimized via the 23-factorial design. The optimum formulation was further converted to oral disintegrating tablets with the help of the super disintegrant, cross povidone, and the produced tablets were evaluated. The water solubility of aripiprazole was observed to have increased from 4.5 µ g/ml to 0.13mg/ml in the liquisolid form and angle of repose was found to be reasonably passable. As was observed from the experimental design, the solvent, solvent: carrier, and carrier were seen to have a significant influence on the selected responses. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the optimized formula indicated a reduction in the peak number and the peak intensities compared to the pure drug. The tablets prepared of liquisolid compacts displayed good tableting properties. The disintegration time was found to be 40 seconds. The stability studies indicated no apparent changes in the properties after a storage period of 3 months. The liquisolid compacts are an inexpensive method of preparing oral disintegrating tablets of Aripiprazole with an assurance of suitable dissolution property of the drug.
Perspectives on Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergy in Pediatrics: A Review of Current Evidence and Guidelines

Abstract Food allergy is an immune-mediated disease that can result in considerable morbidity and even mortality, with a significant negative impact on patients’ quality of life. It is characterized by allergic symptoms that can occur shortly after a relevant food allergen ingestion, or can be delayed or chronic, which make it more difficult for diagnosis. The symptoms of this disease can range from mild to severe, and rarely can cause anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction. The prevalence of non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy is poorly established outside of cow’s milk allergy, with an adjusted incidence ranging between 0.13% and 0.72%. Several disorders are classified as non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies that predominantly affect the gastrointestinal tract including food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), food protein-induced allergic enteropathy (FPE), and food protein-induced dysmotility disorders (GORD and constipation). Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is listed in this group, even though it considered by some authorities to be mixed reaction with both IgE and cell-mediated immune response to be involved in the reaction. The most common types of non-IgE-mediated food allergy are food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP). These disorders typically present in infancy and are often triggered by cow's milk protein. Patients with FPIES present with profuse emesis and dehydration, while FPIAP patients present with hematochezia in otherwise healthy infants. Since there are no specific confirmatory non-invasive diagnostic laboratory tests, the diagnosis is usually made clinically when typical symptoms improve upon the removal of the culprit food. Food reintroduction should be attempted, when possible, with documentation of symptoms of relapse to confirm the diagnosis. The management includes dietary avoidance, supportive treatment in the case of accidental exposure, and nutritional counseling. This review focuses on the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, management, and recent guidelines of the most common non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity disorders (FPIES, FPIAP, and FPE).
Breath Alcohol Test Results in Equine Veterinarians after Performing an Abdominal Ultrasound with Ethanol

Simple Summary Inhalation of alcohol vapors from hand sanitizers or the use of alcohol-based mouthwashes produces a positive breath test for alcohol for a 5–10 min period. Abdominal ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool widely used by equine clinicians and is performed with alcohol saturation. In addition, the total examination time may vary depending on many factors, and consequently, the amount of alcohol used is also variable. The aim of this study was to describe the breath alcohol test results obtained by equine veterinarians performing abdominal ultrasounds on horses. Our hypothesis was that, after the procedure, positive results are obtained after more than 5–10 min, as described for the use of hand sanitizers or mouthwashes. A total of 36 examinations were performed by six operators. The time needed to reach a negative result ranged between 0 and 60 min. The amount of ethanol used ranged between 100 and 2500 mL. A significant difference was found for the group that used more than 1000 mL compared with the groups that used less than 1000 mL. Based on this study, equine veterinarians that attend colic emergencies can test positive at the breath alcohol test for up to 60 min, especially if they use more than 1 L of ethanol. Abstract Transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonography using alcohol saturation is used in the diagnostic workup of a variety of conditions in horses. The duration of the examination and the amount of alcohol used in each case may vary depending on several factors. The aim of this study is to describe the breath alcohol test results obtained by veterinarians performing abdominal ultrasound on horses. Six volunteers were enrolled, after written consent, and a Standardbred mare was used for the whole study protocol. Each operator performed a total of 6 ultrasounds by pouring the ethanol solution from a jar or by spray application, for a duration of 10, 30, and 60 min. An infrared breath alcohol analyzer was used immediately after completing the ultrasonography and at 5-min intervals until a negative result was obtained. Positive results were obtained for 0–60 min after the procedure. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups that used more than 1000 mL, 300–1000 mL, and less than 300 mL of ethanol. No significant differences were observed between the type of ethanol administration and the time of exposure. Based on this study, equine vets who perform ultrasound on horses can test positive at the breath alcohol test for up to 60 min following ethanol exposure.
Taxonomic Analysis of Perceived Risk: Modeling Individual and Group Perceptions Within Homogeneous Hazard Domains

Previous studies of risk perception have typically focused on the mean judgments of a group of people regarding the riskiness (or safety) of a diverse set of hazardous activities, substances, and technologies. This paper reports the results of two studies that take a different path. Study 1 investigated whether models within a single technological domain were similar to previous models based on group means and diverse hazards. Study 2 created a group taxonomy of perceived risk for only one technological domain, railroads, and examined whether the structure of that taxonomy corresponded with taxonomies derived from prior studies of diverse hazards. Results from Study 1 indicated that the importance of various risk characteristics in determining perceived risk differed across individuals and across hazards, but not so much as to invalidate the results of earlier studies based on group means and diverse hazards. In Study 2, the detailed analysis of railroad hazards produced a structure that had both important similarities to, and dissimilarities from, the structure obtained in prior research with diverse hazard domains. The data also indicated that railroad hazards are really quite diverse, with some approaching nuclear reactors in their perceived seriousness. These results suggest that information about the diversitymore » of perceptions within a single domain of hazards could provide valuable input to risk-management decisions. « less
Molecular insight for baru Dipteryx alata (Fabaceae) populations based on novel SSRs

Baru tree ( Dipteryx alata ) is an arboreal, fruitful plant native to the Cerrado biome with an important socioeconomic impact. Populations of this species are a good model to study anthropogenic disturbances on the biome through the genetic information. In this study, we developed seven new polymorphic microsatellite markers for D. alata, using an enriched genomic library. We performed loci characterization in three populations, obtaining a total of 49 alleles, with an average of 5 to 5.57 alleles per locus. A significant content of polymorphic information was obtained, as indicated by the average expected heterozygosity ( uHE ), with a total average of 0.58 to 0.65 per locus. The average value of the observed heterozygosity ( Ho ) was also high, with a total average of 0.73 to 0.85 per locus. Some of the loci are in linkage disequilibrium, such as DalatG6 with DalatB3, DalatH3 and DalatB4. The estimate of the combined loci for the probability of paternity exclusion obtained an average value of 1.00 for all loci, and the average combined probability of identity, the values were (1.2 10^-5 ) to (4.4 10^-6 ). All markers are informative and suitable for studies on genetic diversity and population structure, aiming at the conservation and management of the species.