Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DERIVED CATEGORIES IN ALGEBRA AND TOPOLOGY

J. P. MAY I will give a philosophical overview of some joint work with Igor Kriz (in algebra), with Tony Elmendorf and Kriz (in topology), and with John Greenlees (in equivariant topology). I will begin with a description of some foundational issues before saying anything about the applications. This is not the best way to motivate people, but I must explain the issues involved in order to describe what we have done. Let me just say that the emphasis I shall give to an analogy between algebra and topology is not just an expository device. The algebraic work that I will describe both illuminates the deeper topological theory and has applications to algebraic geometry. We begin by displaying an analogy that is familiar to topologists. It is the starting point of our work. ALGEBRA TOPOLOGY a commutative ring k the sphere spectrum S differential graded k-modules spectra tensor product smash product internal hom Hom(X, Y ) function spectrum F (X, Y ) dual DX = Hom(X, k) dual DX = F (X,S) projective k-module CW spectrum finitely generated projective finite CW spectrum Hom(X, Y )⊗ E ∼= Hom(X, Y ⊗ E) F (X, Y ) ∧ E ' F (X, Y ∧E) DX ⊗ E ∼= Hom(X,E) DX ∧E ' F (X,E) (X or E fin. gen. projective) (X or E a finite CW spectrum) hyperhomology Eq(X) ≡ πq(X ∧E) hypercohomology E(X) ≡ π−qF (X,E) Note that the right column already encodes the important topological theory of Spanier-Whitehead duality: if X is a finite CW spectrum, then E∗(DX) ∼= E−∗(X).
Relationship of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and functional activity with systemic oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk.

CONTEXT Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is reported to have antioxidant and cardioprotective properties. The relationship between PON1 genotypes and functional activity with systemic measures of oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in humans has not been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of genetic and biochemical determinants of PON1 activity with systemic measures of oxidative stress and CVD risk in humans. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The association between systemic PON1 activity measures and a functional polymorphism (Q192R) resulting in high PON1 activity with prevalent CVD and future major adverse cardiac events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) was evaluated in 1399 sequential consenting patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography between September 2002 and November 2003 at the Cleveland Clinic. Patients were followed up until December 2006. Systemic levels of multiple structurally defined fatty acid oxidation products were also measured by mass spectrometry in 150 age-, sex-, and race-matched patients and compared with regard to PON1 genotype and activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relationship between a functional PON1 polymorphism and PON1 activity with global indices of systemic oxidative stress and risk of CVD. RESULTS The PON1 genotype demonstrated significant dose-dependent associations (QQ192 > QR192 > RR192) with decreased levels of serum PON1 activity and with increased levels of systemic indices of oxidative stress. Compared with participants with either the PON1 RR192 or QR192 genotype, participants with the QQ192 genotype demonstrated an increased risk of all-cause mortality (43/681 deaths [6.75%] in RR192 and QR192 and 62/584 deaths [11.1%] in QQ192; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-3.18) and of major adverse cardiac events (88/681 events [13.6%] in RR192 and QR192 and 102/584 events [18.0%] in QQ192; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.09-2.03; P = .01). The incidence of major adverse cardiac events was significantly lower in participants in the highest PON1 activity quartile (23/315 [7.3%]) and 235/324 [7.7%] for paraoxonase and arylesterase, respectively) compared with those in the lowest activity quartile (78/311 [25.1%] and 75/319 [23.5%]; P < .001 for paraoxonase and arylesterase, respectively). The adjusted hazard ratios for major adverse cardiac events between the highest and lowest PON1 activity quartiles were, for paraoxonase, 3.4 (95% CI, 2.1-5.5; P < .001) and for arylesterase, 2.9 (95% CI, 1.8-4.7; P < .001) and remained independent in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION This study provides direct evidence for a mechanistic link between genetic determinants and activity of PON1 with systemic oxidative stress and prospective cardiovascular risk, indicating a potential mechanism for the atheroprotective function of PON1.
Tunable Quasi-Circulator Based on a Compact Fully-Reconfigurable 180° Hybrid for Full-Duplex Transceivers

In this paper, a tunable quasi-circulator (QC) is proposed, which consists of a compact fully-reconfigurable 180° hybrid and two amplifier stages in the transmitter (TX)- and receiver (RX)-paths, respectively. Such hybrid is implemented by six varactor-tuned phase shifters, which can not only achieve the frequency tuning operation but also suppress the signal leaking from the TX to the RX in the proposed QC. To further enhance the TX-RX isolation, a variable-impedance balance resistor based on the PIN diode is introduced and tapped on the hybrid. Meanwhile, at the TX- and RX-paths of the QC, two amplifier stages with inter-stage matching networks are connected to the hybrid, respectively, which can achieve the nonreciprocity operation of the proposed QC with high performance. To verify the mechanism of the structures mentioned above, a tunable QC operating at 2.88–3.56 GHz is implemented and fabricated. The measurement has merits of the in-band TX-RX isolation greater than 34 dB, RX gain higher than 4.3 dB, and noise figure lower than 5.5 dB. Besides, the minimum gain of the TX path is 6.8 dB, and an output 1-dB compression point of 21.7 dBm with a power efficiency of 20% at 3.2 GHz is achieved, respectively.
Brain-computer interface design based on wavelet packet transform and SVM

For the BCI research to classify the different imagined movements of both left and right hands, a method using wavelet packet decomposition for feature extraction and using SVM for pattern classification was adopted. Firstly discusses the wavelet packet transform in depth and brings out an idea of taking wavelet packet coefficients' variance as feature into account, then extracts the feature serials after wavelet packet decomposition for channel C3 and C4, finally, classify the patterns by using linear SVM. The result shows that the maximum classification accuracy is 86.43% and the feature of variance is suitable. So, the method this paper used for feature extraction and pattern classification is more efficient and simpler, and it gives a new reference for BCI.
Profiling for input predictable threads

Thread level speculative execution, together with value prediction to break data dependencies between threads, may enable efficient single program execution on a closely coupled chip multiprocessor. This paper describes a method to partition sequential programs such that a minimum number of hard-to-predict data dependencies cross thread boundaries. SPEC95 binaries are partitioned and then executed on an idealized simulator in order to study the limits of this technique. Value prediction is shown to be crucial to exposing thread level parallelism (TLP). Simple value predictors promise modest to large gains if thread boundaries are properly identified. Concurrent execution of fully data independent threads on 8 processors gives a geometric mean speedup of 2.4 for the benchmarks studied.
Modelling Salt Transport in Baltic Basins

This work is about finding an appropriate modelling complexity for a mass-balance model for phosphorus in Lake Vanern, Sweden. A statistical analysis of 30 years of water quality data shows that epilimnion and hypolimnion have different water quality and should be treated separately in a model. Further vertical division is not motivated. Horizontally, the lake should be divided into the two main basins Varmlandssjon and Dalbosjon. Shallow near shore ares, bays and areas close to point sources have to be considered as specific sub-basins if they are to be modelled correctly.These results leads to the use of a model based on ordinary differential equations. The model applied is named LEEDS (Lake Eutrophication Effect Dose Sensitivity) and considers phosphorus and suspended particles. Several modifications were made for the application of the model to Lake Vanern. The two major ones are a revision of the equations governing the outflow of phosphorus and suspended particle through the outflow river, and the inclusion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) into the model, in order to model emissions from pulp and paper mills. The model has also been modified to handle several sub-basins.The LEEDS model has been compared to three other eutrophication models applied to Lake Vanern. Two were simple models developed as parts of catchment area models and the third was a lake model with higher resolution than the LEEDS model. The models showed a good fit to calibration and validation data, and were compared in two nutrient emission scenarios and a scenario with increased temperature, corresponding to the green house effect.
A STUDY ON VORTEX SHEDDING FROM SPHERES IN A UNIFORM FLOW

Vortex shedding from spheres at Reynolds numbers from 3 × 102 to 4 × 104 in a uniform flow was investigated experimentally. Standard hot-wire technique were used to measure the vortex shedding frequency from spheres in a low-speed wind tunnel. Flow-visualization experiments were carried out in a water channel. Important results from the investigation were that (i) the variation of the Strouhal number St (=fD/U0 , U0 : freestream velocity, D: diameter of the sphere, f: vortex shedding frequency) with the Reynolds number (= U0 D/v, v: kinematic viscosity) can be classified into four regions, (ii) the Reynolds number at which the hairpinshaped vortices begin to change from laminar to turbulent vortices so that the wake structure behind the sphere is not shown clearly when a Reynolds number of about 800 is reached, and (vi) at Reynolds numbers ranging from 8X102 to 1.5X104 , the higher and lower frequency modes of the Strouhal number coexist.
Earlier onset of the Indian monsoon in the late twentieth century: The role of anthropogenic aerosols

The impact of the late twentieth century increase of anthropogenic aerosols on the Indian monsoon onset was investigated with a state‐of‐the‐art climate model with fully interactive aerosols and chemistry. We find that aerosols are likely responsible for the observed earlier onset, resulting in enhanced June precipitation over most of India. This shift is preceded by strong aerosol forcing over the Bay of Bengal and Indochina, mostly attributable to the direct effect, resulting in increased atmospheric stability that inhibits the monsoon migration in May. The adjusted atmospheric circulation leads to thermodynamic changes over the northwestern continental region, including increased surface temperature and near‐surface moist static energy, which support a stronger June flow and, facilitated by a relative warming of the Indian Ocean, a vigorous northwestward precipitation shift. These findings underscore the importance of dynamical feedbacks and of regional land‐surface processes for the aerosol‐monsoon link.
Ancient architecture reconstructing based on Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanning technology

Ancient architecture protection and reconstruction is very important application of Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanning technology (TLS). The paper, after discussing working principle and workflow of TLS and point cloud registration based unit quaternion, analyzed and researched of the algorithm and principle and steps of spherical projection based triangulation, tried to give an effective method and process of ancient architecture protection and reconstruction. The case of the ancient architecture verified its feasibility. It is of great significance to research data processing and 3D Modeling.
Greater availability of brain dopamine transporters in major depression shown by [99m Tc]TRODAT-1 SPECT imaging.

OBJECTIVE Studies of laboratory animals have shown that administration of antidepressants of all pharmacological classes produces changes in dopamine transporter binding affinity. These observations suggest that dopamine transporter function may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of depression. The present study was an examination of the availability of brain dopamine transporter sites in patients with major depression and in healthy comparison subjects. METHOD Single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) brain scans were acquired for 15 drug-free depressed patients and 46 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects by using [(99m)Tc]TRODAT-1, a selective dopamine transporter imaging agent. Specific regions of interest in the basal ganglia and supratentorial areas of the brain were examined. Specific uptake values of dopamine transporter [(99m)Tc]TRODAT-1 binding affinity were calculated from the SPECT scan data, and the values for the patients and healthy subjects were compared. RESULTS The specific uptake values of [(99m)Tc]TRODAT-1 binding were significantly higher in the right anterior putamen (23%), right posterior putamen (36%), left posterior putamen (18%), and left caudate nucleus (12%) of the patients than in the comparison subjects. These differences persisted when the data were further analyzed according to gender and age. CONCLUSIONS Dopamine transporter affinity may be higher than normal in the basal ganglia of depressed patients. These findings suggest that dopamine function may be altered in depression and may also be a mechanism of antidepressant activity.
Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning: A Modular Approach

To investigate tile potentials and limitations of multi-agent reinforcement learning, several attempts have been made to let multiple monolithic reinforcement-learning agents synthesize coordinated decision policies needed to accomplish their common goals effectively. Most of these straightforward reinforcement-learning approaches, howe~-er, scale poorly to more complex multi-agent learning problems because the state space for each learning agent grows exponenti~dly in the number of its partner agents engaged in the joint task. In this paper, we consider a modified w~rsion of the Pursuit Problem as a multi-agent learning problem which is computationally intractable by those straightforward approaches. We show how successfully a collection of nmdular Q-learning hunter agents synthesize coordinated decision policies needed to capture a randomlyfleeing prey agent, by specializing their individual fimctionality and synthesizing herding behavior.
Preoperative PET/CT in early-stage breast cancer.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic impact of preoperative positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) in the initial staging of patients with early-stage breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 103 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed operable breast cancer with tumors ≥2 cm were independently examined preoperatively with conventional assessment (mammography, breast/axillary ultrasound, chest X-ray and blood samples) and PET/CT with no prior knowledge of the other. RESULTS PET/CT identified a primary tumor in all but three patients (97%). PET/CT solely detected distant metastases (ovary, bones and lung) in 6 patients and new primary cancers (ovary, lung) in another two patients, as well as 12 cases of extra-axillary lymph node involvement. In 15 patients (15%), extra-axillary malignancy was detected by PET/CT only, leading to an upgrade of initial staging in 14% (14/103) and ultimately a modification of planned treatment in 8% (8/103) of patients. CONCLUSIONS PET/CT is a valuable tool to provide information on extra-axillary lymph node involvement, distant metastases and other occult primary cancers. Preoperative (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT has a substantial impact on initial staging and on clinical management in patients with early-stage breast cancer with tumors ≥2 cm.
Steganography in MPEG Video Files using MACROBLOCKS Lathikanandini

Digital communication has become an essential part of infrastructure now-a-days and the advancement in the field of digital communication in other sense has hiked the fear of getting the data snooped at the time of sending it from the sender to the receiver. So, Information Security is becoming an inseparable part of digital Communication. The steganography approach uses the flexible macroblock ordering feature of H.264/AVC to hide message bits. The message to be hidden is encrypted using AES algorithm. The message is hidden twice and predicted using the transitive, reflexive, symmetric properties. The proposed method here evades the copyright infringement and makes the stego video immune to steganalysis.
Sex differences in the risk of injury in World Cup alpine skiers: a 6-year cohort study

Background In competitive alpine skiing, there is a controversy regarding the sex-related risk of injury. Objective To compare the risk of injury in female versus male World Cup (WC) alpine skiers. Methods Injuries were recorded through the International Ski Federation Injury Surveillance System for six consecutive winter seasons (2006–2012), based on retrospective interviews with athletes from 10 teams at the end of each season. All acute training and competition injuries which required medical attention were recorded. Race exposure was calculated based on the exact number of runs started in the WC for each of the interviewed athletes each season. Results Men had a higher overall rate of injury (relative risk (RR) 1.24, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.47), as well as a higher rate of time-loss injury (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48) than women in training and competitions, expressed as injuries/100 athletes/season. These sex differences were even more pronounced during WC races (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.04 and RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.31, for overall and time-loss injuries, respectively). There was no sex difference in the risk of knee/anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Conclusions No previous studies from competitive skiing have reported a significantly higher risk of injuries in men than women. In contrast to recreational skiing and team sports, there was no sex difference in the risk of knee/ACL injuries and prevention efforts should be directed as much towards male as female competitive skiers.
The Effects of Instructor-Learner Interactions on Learner Satisfaction in Online Masters Courses.

THE EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTOR-LEARNER INTERACTIONS ON LEARNER SATISFACTION IN ONLINE MASTERS COURSES by ANGELENE C. MCLAREN May 2010 Advisor: Dr. Monica Tracey Major: Instructional Technology Degree: Doctor of Philosophy The purpose of this research study was to investigate the extent instructor- learner interactions affected learner satisfaction in online, semester-long Masters courses. This research study lent itself to several questions: To what extent do instructor-learner interactions affect learner satisfaction in online Masters courses; To what extent does instructional immediacy affect learner satisfaction in online Masters courses; To what extent does instructor availability affect learner satisfaction in online Masters courses; To what extend does transactional distance affect learner satisfaction in online Masters courses? The participants in this study consisted of 25 exclusively online Masters students in the Instructional Technology program at Wayne State University. Students were asked to complete an anonymous online Student Satisfaction Questionnaire that asked them about their level of satisfaction with various interactions within their online learning courses. The findings of this research showed that certain types of instructor-learner interactions had greater effects on learner satisfaction in these types of learning environments than others.
Dating the origin of the CCR5-Delta32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes.

The CCR5-Delta32 deletion obliterates the CCR5 chemokine and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 coreceptor on lymphoid cells, leading to strong resistance against HIV-1 infection and AIDS. A genotype survey of 4,166 individuals revealed a cline of CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies of 0%-14% across Eurasia, whereas the variant is absent among native African, American Indian, and East Asian ethnic groups. Haplotype analysis of 192 Caucasian chromosomes revealed strong linkage disequilibrium between CCR5 and two microsatellite loci. By use of coalescence theory to interpret modern haplotype genealogy, we estimate the origin of the CCR5-Delta32-containing ancestral haplotype to be approximately 700 years ago, with an estimated range of 275-1,875 years. The geographic cline of CCR5-Delta32 frequencies and its recent emergence are consistent with a historic strong selective event (e.g. , an epidemic of a pathogen that, like HIV-1, utilizes CCR5), driving its frequency upward in ancestral Caucasian populations.
Microbial Food Safety Assessment: Development and Integration of Generic Predictive Modeling Tools First Year Report

Neither the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office nor any person acting on behalf of the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The authors of each contribution are responsible for the content of their contribution and the translation. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
Multiresolution Analysis of Long Time Series with Applications to Finance

We consider multi-resolution time series models and their application to high-frequency financial data. An individual transaction share price of a specific firm is subject to market microstructure noise. Therefore, we propose trading duration time weighted averages over given time intervals. Averages over long intervals lead to a coarse resolution and averaging over shorter intervals lead to a finer resolution. Arranging sub-intervals of given lengths on scales with coarse to fine resolution imply a structure which can be represented as a directed acyclic graph. Time series models are then formulated using this graph structure. It is shown that these models have a linear state space representation which allows for efficient computation of the likelihood needed in parameter estimation and for a straightforward treatment of missing observations. Application of these models to the log transaction prices of the IBM shares traded at the New York Stock Exchange from February until October 2002 show that the corresponding one-step prediction errors are heavy tailed and therefore a specific variance term is allowed to follow a fiEGARCH specification, improving the tail behavior and leading to a better fit.
Sequential Particle Filter for Multiple Object Tracking

Tracking objects in a scene under different degree of occlusions is still a challenge in computer vision. In this paper, we aim to tackle this problem with a jump observation model that includes both visible objects and occluded objects in a sequential particle filter tracking technique. The technique is extended from the sequential estimation method. An hierarchical structure is introduced to model visible objects and its objects that are occluded. With this structure, we are able to handle the weak measurement observation of the occluded objects and try to track objects under occlusions.