Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Ground-based Platform for Reliable Estimates of Fruit Number, Size, and Color in Stone Fruit Orchards

Automatic in-field fruit recognition techniques can be used to estimate fruit number, fruit size, fruit skin color, and yield in fruit crops. Fruit color and size represent two of the most important fruit quality parameters in stone fruit (Prunus sp.). This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a commercial mobile platform, sensors, and artificial intelligence software system for fast estimates of fruit number, fruit size, and fruit skin color in peach (Prunus persica), nectarine (P. persica var. nucipersica), plum (Prunus salicina), and apricot (Prunus armeniaca), and to assess their spatial and temporal variability. An initial calibration was needed to obtain estimates of absolute fruit number per tree and a forecasted yield. However, the technology can also be used to produce fast relative density maps in stone fruit orchards. Fruit number prediction accuracy was ≥90% in all the crops and training systems under study. Overall, predictions of fruit number in two-dimensional training systems were slightly more accurate. Estimates of fruit diameter (FD) and color did not need an initial calibration. The FD predictions had percent standard errors <10% and root mean square error <5 mm under different training systems, row spacing, crops, and fruit position within the canopy. Hue angle, a color attribute previously associated with fruit maturity in peach and nectarine, was the color attribute that was best predicted by the mobile platform. A new color parameter—color development index (CDI), ranging from 0 to 1—was derived from hue angle. The adoption of CDI, which represents the color progression or distance from green, improved the interpretation of color measurements by end-users as opposed to hue angle and generated more robust color estimations in fruit that turn purple when ripe, such as dark plum. Spatial maps of fruit number, FD, and CDI obtained with the mobile platform can be used to inform orchard decisions such as thinning, pruning, spraying, and harvest timing. The importance and application of crop yield and fruit quality real-time assessments and forecasts are discussed.
Plant Resistance to Fungal Pathogens: Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization

Plants are susceptible to fungal pathogen infection, threatening plant growth and development. Researchers worldwide have conducted extensive studies to address this issue and have published numerous articles on the subject, but they lack a scientometric evaluation. This study analyzed international research on the topic “Plant resistance to fungal pathogens” between 2008 and 2021, using the core database of the Web of Science (WoS). By searching the subject words “Plants”, “Disease Resistance”, and “Fungal Pathogens”, we received 6687 articles. Bibliometric visualization software analyzes the most published countries, institutions, journals, authors, the most cited articles, and the most common keywords. The results show that the number of articles in the database has increased year by year, with the United States and China occupying the core positions, accounting for 46.16% of the total published articles worldwide. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the main publishing organization. Wang Guoliang is the author with the most published articles, and the Frontiers in Plant Science ranks first in published articles. The research on plant anti-fungal pathogens is booming, and international exchanges and cooperation need to be further strengthened. This paper summarizes five possible research ideas, from fungal pathogens, gene editing technology, extraction of secondary metabolites from plants as anti-fungal agents, identification of related signal pathways, fungal molecular databases, and development of nanomaterials, to provide data for related research.
DECENTRALIZATION OF HOUSING POLICY FOR LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES IN URBAN AREAS: AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL, FISCAL AND, ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY

The purpose of this study is to discuss housing decentralization policies for urban Low-Income Communities based on three decentralization issues, namely politics, fiscal, and administration, and to recommend the concept of housing decentralization as an instrument and housing policy reform. The idea of decentralization of housing policy can’t be separated from various problems such as the debate over the authority of housing policy, the dependence of the regional government's housing budget on the central government, and various other obstacles. This study employed academic literature review related to decentralization studies and housing policies. The results of the study show that the three decentralization issues that are correlated with urban housing policies for Low-Income Communities have not yet fully provided an optimal impact on the realization of the ideal and desirable urban housing policies for Low-Income Communities. However, the very strong relationship between the three issues of decentralization and urban housing policy can be an important idea and recommendation to promote housing decentralization as an instrument and direction of urban housing policy reform for Low-Income Communities in Indonesia in the future.
Opening up the black box of family entrepreneurship across generations: A systematic literature review

What makes some families more entrepreneurial than others? How are they able to nurture entrepreneurship across generations? These are fundamental questions for family business and entrepreneurship research. In particular, the multigenerational dimension of entrepreneurial families (EFs) and the new family logics that emerge as the family grows may lead to different types of entrepreneurial activities. To shed light on these questions, we conduct a systematic literature review of 90 peer-reviewed articles focusing on the characteristics and behaviours of EFs, family members and their business activities. Specifically, we first identify and categorise the family-related factors characterising EFs across generations. Second, we link the identified factors to different types of entrepreneurial activities pursued as the generations advance, distinguishing two dimensions: mode of organising (internal vs. external), and degree of relatedness (related vs. unrelated). Finally, we highlight the main gaps in the literature and provide a future research agenda.
Fast algorithm for time decay estimation with applications to electrostatic ion beam traps

The ability of peptide trapping in an electrostatic ion beam trap (EIBT) is used for the measurement of renin substrate lifetime dependence from the pressure. The time decay estimation is traditionally obtained by optimization of nonlinear curve-fitting in the least-squares sense. This paper presents a novel algorithm to address this problem, using a numerical differentiation method as the basis for lifetime estimation. Simulations results show that the proposed method provides results similar to those obtained with the classical approach, but is faster by about two orders of magnitude. An experimental result is detailed, which shows the adequacy of this algorithm for the real-life monitoring of decay measurements, not only for EIBT, but also for other processes such as luminescence where exponential decay is involved.
Optimal constant scaling matrix for H/sup infinity / control and mu -synthesis-state feedback case

A property of a constant scaling matrix for mu -synthesis is clarified for a state feedback case. The property of a set of constant scaling matrices for which the H/sup infinity / norm can be made less than gamma by state feedback is examined. The convexity of the set and the uniqueness of the optimal value are shown. An algorithm for determining the optimal value is shown for the case of two uncertainties, and a novel DK-iteration is proposed based on the algorithm. <<ETX>>
Absolute Monte Carlo estimation of integrals and partition functions

Owing to their favorable scaling with dimensionality, Monte Carlo (MC) methods have become the tool of choice for numerical integration across the quantitative sciences. Almost invariably, efficient MC integration schemes are strictly designed to compute ratios of integrals, their efficiency being intimately tied to the degree of overlap between the given integrands. Consequently, substantial user insight is required prior to the use of such methods, either to mitigate the oft-encountered lack of overlap in ratio computations, or to find closely related integrands of known quadrature in absolute integral estimation. Here a simple physical idea--measuring the volume of a container by filling it up with an ideal gas--is exploited to design a new class of MC integration schemes that can yield efficient, absolute integral estimates for a broad class of integrands with simple transition matrices as input. The methods are particularly useful in cases where existing (importance sampling) strategies are most demanding, namely when the integrands are concentrated in relatively small and unknown regions of configuration space (e.g. physical systems in ordered/low-temperature phases). Examples ranging from a volume with infinite support to the partition function of the 2D Ising model are provided to illustrate the application and scope of the methods.
EXPLORING THE ADOPTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING

In every sector of the economy, artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more feasible, and higher education service is no exception. At an unparalleled pace, both within and outside the classroom, AI opens the possibility for institutions of higher learning (IHLs) to become scalable. This paper proposed a research framework for AI adoption of in IHLs. The research aims to examine the determinants that significantly affected AI adoption among IHLs. This study presents an interpretation of the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) theory for the adoption of AI. The research framework derived from the TOE theory, where the context of technological, organisational, and environmental are vital for IT adoption. It discussed the development of hypotheses that consisted the determinants for the adoption of AI from the context of technological (relative advantage and compatibility), organisational (resources availability, top management support and organisation size) and environmental (government regulation and competitive pressure).
On the Role of the Hot Feedback Mode in Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback in an Elliptical Galaxy

Depending on the value of the accretion rate, black hole accretion is divided into cold and hot modes. The two modes have distinctly different physics and correspond to two feedback modes. Most previous feedback works focus only on one mode, or the accretion physics is not always properly adopted. Here, by performing hydrodynamical numerical simulations of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in an elliptical galaxy, we show that including both is important, and gives different results from including just one or the other. We specifically focus on the wind and radiation (but neglecting the jet) feedback in the hot mode, to explore whether this particular mode of feedback can play any important feedback role. For this aim, we have run two test models. In one model, we always adopt the cold mode no matter what value the accretion rate is; in another model, we turn off the AGN once it enters into the hot mode. We have calculated the AGN light curves, black hole growth, star formation, and AGN energy duty cycle; and compared the results with the model in which the two modes are correctly included. Important differences are found. For example, if we were to adopt only the cold mode, the total mass of newly formed stars would become two orders of magnitude smaller, and the fraction of energy ejected within the high accretion regime (i.e., LBH > 2%LEdd) would be too small to be consistent with observations. We have also investigated the respective roles of wind and radiation in the hot mode.
Influence of the root canal filling technique on the success rate of primary endodontic treatments: a systematic review

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the influence of different obturation techniques compared to cold lateral compaction on the success rate of primary non-surgical endodontic treatments. Materials and Methods Systematic searches were performed for studies published up to May 17th, 2022 in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Grey Literature Reports. Randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized (nonrandomized clinical trials, prospective or retrospective) studies that evaluated the success rate of primary non-surgical endodontic treatments obturated with the cold lateral compaction (control) and other obturation techniques were included. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomized trials (RoB 2) and nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) were used to evaluate the risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Results Eleven studies (4 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), 4 prospective, and 3 retrospectives) were included. Two RCTs were classified as having some concerns risk of bias and 2 as a low risk of bias. Two nonrandomized studies were classified as having a critical risk of bias and 5 as having a moderate risk of bias. The GRADE analysis demonstrated a very low to moderate certainty of evidence. Conclusions This systematic review generally evidenced no differences in the success rate of primary non-surgical endodontic treatments when the cold lateral compaction technique and other obturation techniques are performed. Further well-designed studies are still necessary.
Correlation among Routinary Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and Chronic Neck Pain Severity in Office Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to assess the correlation between different aspects of routinary physical activity with chronic neck pain severity indicators and salivary cortisol. This cross-sectional observational study included ninety-four office workers with non-specific chronic neck pain in the analyses. Pain related outcomes (pain intensity, pressure pain thresholds and disability), physical activity outcomes using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and salivary cortisol levels were evaluated. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to investigate internal associations and regression models to explain and calculate which factors contribute to the variance of salivary cortisol and neck pain severity. Female sex (p < 0.01), sedentary behaviors (p < 0.05), and pain sensitivity (p < 0.05) were associated with greater cortisol levels (p < 0.05), but disability and pain intensity were not associated (p > 0.05). Worse disability, pain intensity, and pain pressure thresholds were also associated with lower routinary physical activity (p < 0.05). Regression models explained 20.6% of pain intensity (based on walking time to their workplace, age and pain sensitivity); 27.3% of disability (based on moderate physical activity at home, vigorous physical activity during leisure time and pain sensitivity); 54.2% of pain sensitivity (based on cycling time from home to their workplace, gender and vigorous activity during leisure time) and 38.2% of salivary cortisol concentration (based on systolic pressure, vigorous activity at work and both moderate and vigorous activity at home). Our results demonstrated the association between salivary cortisol concentration with moderate and vigorous physical activity, sitting time at work, and PPTs. However, salivary cortisol was not associated with disability or pain intensity.
Emotional experiences of referees: is it important to analyse intensity and direction?

This study analysed the intensity and direction of referee’s emotions 24 to 48 hours before a game, looking into the relation between stress, cognitive appraisal, and performance perception. Participants were 708 football referees, 91.2% male and 8.8% female. The results indicate a higher prevalence of positive rather than negative emotions before the game, showing that, when emotions were perceived as facilitating the referees’ sports performance, they were more likely to better adapt to the game. Additionally, emotions intensity played an important role in the way referees feel before a game. In sum, the data revealed the importance of considering the intensity and direction of the emotions felt by referees, as well as the importance of training strategies to regulate the intensity of emotions and strategies that help referees interpret the effects of their emotions.
Soil Infiltration Properties Are Affected by Typical Plant Communities in a Semi-Arid Desert Grassland in China

A process of infiltration from the soil surface to form soil water is known as soil infiltration; this is the only way for plants to absorb and use soil water. This process is closely related to nutrient migration, surface runoff, and soil erosion. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of typical plant communities on soil infiltration performance, reveal the interaction between soil infiltration rate and soil characteristics and plant roots, and determine the primary influencing elements on the Xilamuren grassland. The ring knife method was used to determine the soil infiltration rate at the 0–30 cm soil layer of six typical vegetation communities. The results indicated that the infiltration rate of the Koeleria macrantha community was highest at the soil depth of 0–5 cm, while that of the Convolvulus ammannii community was lowest, reaching 4.25 mm·min−1 and 0.53 mm·min−1, respectively. The soil infiltration rate of different plant communities gradually declined with the increment of soil depth. The strongest correlations were found between bulk density, total porosity, organic matter, root characteristics, and soil infiltration rate. The bulk density, initial water content, capillary porosity, and clay content were the primary influencing factors acting on soil infiltration in the region. Other factors indirectly impacted the infiltration rate by modifying bulk density, which was a crucial limiting factor determining the infiltration rate in the research region. The study’s findings will give theoretical and practical assistance for the prevention and management of soil deterioration and grassland restoration in this area.
A study of the circumgalactic medium at z ∼ 0.6 using damped Lyman α galaxies

We present the study of a sample of nine QSO fields, with damped-Ly-alpha (DLA) or sub-DLA systems at z~0.6, observed with the X-Shooter spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. By suitably positioning the X-Shooter slit based on high spatial resolution images of HST/ACS we are able to detect absorbing galaxies in 7 out of 9 fields (~ 78\% success rate) at impact parameters from 10 to 30 kpc. In 5 out of 7 fields the absorbing galaxies are confirmed via detection of multiple emission lines at the redshift of DLAs where only 1 out of 5 also emits a faint continuum. In 2 out of these 5 fields we detect a second galaxy at the DLA redshift. Extinction corrected star formation rates (SFR) of these DLA-galaxies, estimated using their H-alpha fluxes, are in the range 0.3-6.7 M_sun yr^-1. The emission metallicities of these five DLA-galaxies are estimated to be from 0.2 to 0.9 Z_sun. Based on the Voigt profile fits to absorption lines we find the metallicity of the absorbing neutral gas to be in a range of 0.05--0.6 Z_sun. The two remaining DLA-galaxies are quiescent galaxies with SFR < 0.4 M_sun yr^-1 (3-sigma) presenting continuum emission but weak or no emission lines. Using X-Shooter spectrum we estimate i-band absolute magnitude of -19.5+/-0.2 for both these DLA-galaxies that indicates they are sub-L* galaxies. Comparing our results with that of other surveys in the literature we find a possible redshift evolution of the SFR of DLA-galaxies.
Comparison between the isokinetics parameters of shoulder joint and independence functional level in manual wheelchair users

Shoulder pain is a common complaint in the wheelchair user’s population. This condition brings loss of independence and quality of life. Objective: The aim of this paper is to correlate shoulder joint isokinetic parameters and independence level of manual wheelchair users with or without pain. We hypothesize that users more independent are exposed to overuse injury of shoulder joints. Method: This is an explorative cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Community patients attended at a Rehabilitation Center. Manual wheelchair users. Twenty-four patients participated, we used the Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) to investigate the independent level of wheeled patients and isokinetic parameters of internal/external rotators and flexion/extension muscles of shoulder joint was collected using Biodex System 4 Pro. Statistical analyses were made by Fisher Test, Spiro-Wilk Test, Pearson Correlation test, Spearman test and the Coefficient of correlation’s value was squared to estimate the percentage of variation in dependent variable, explained by independent variable. Results: Total FIM variation was between 79 and 117 and median ipsilateral strength ratio of rotator muscles were 0.94 on 75°/s and 0.95 on 150°/s for the right limb and respectively 0.96 and 0.93 for the left limb. Conclusion: Wheelchair users present internal/external rotators shoulder muscles imbalance and the covariations samples of time of injury and peak torque ratio external/internal shoulder rotators have a significant predictive value on total MIF. These results suggest that there is correlation between the studied patients and shoulder impairment.
MECHANISM OF SPONTANEOUS FORMATION OF STABLE MAGNETIC STRUCTURES ON THE SUN

One of the puzzling features of solar magnetism is formation of long-living compact magnetic structures, such as sunspots and pores, in the highly turbulent upper layer of the solar convective zone. We use realistic radiative three-dimensional MHD simulations to investigate the interaction between magnetic field and turbulent convection. In the simulations, a weak vertical uniform magnetic field is imposed in a region of fully developed granular convection, and the total magnetic flux through the top and bottom boundaries is kept constant. The simulation results reveal a process of spontaneous formation of stable magnetic structures, which may be a key to understanding the magnetic self-organization on the Sun and formation of pores and sunspots. This process consists of two basic steps: (1) formation of small-scale filamentary magnetic structures associated with concentrations of vorticity and whirlpool-type motions, and (2) merging of these structures due to the vortex attraction, caused by converging downdrafts around magnetic concentration below the surface. In the resulting large-scale structure maintained by the converging plasma motions, the magnetic field strength reaches ∼1.5 kG at the surface and ∼6 kG in the interior, and the surface structure resembles solar pores. The magnetic structure remains stable for the whole simulation run of several hours with no sign of decay.