Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the effect of two maternal diets on fatty acids, vitamin E and carotenoids in the chick embryo

1. The fatty acid profile of egg yolk and vitamin E and carotenoid accumulation in the egg yolk and embryonic tissues were investigated in relation to the maternal diet. 2. Two hundred fertile eggs (Ross 308 Broiler Breeder), obtained from hens fed on a maize-based (M-diet) or a wheat-based diet (W-diet), were incubated using standard conditions. 3. The egg yolk and embryo tissues (residual yolk, yolk sac membrane, liver, kidney, lung, muscles, adipose tissue and plasma) were collected on d 18 of incubation and on d 21 (newly-hatched chicks) and analysed for fatty acids, vitamin E and carotenoids. 4. The diets did not differ in terms of fatty acid or α -tocopherol concentrations. The concentration of carotenoids in the M-diet was 11.8 mg/kg and in the W-diet was 5.6 mg/kg with lutein and zeaxanthin being major carotenoids. 5. Eggs from the M-group contained higher ( P <0.01) concentrations of β + γ -tocopherols, total carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin. Chickens hatched from those eggs were characterised by the increased concentrations of total carotenoids and zeaxanthin in all the tissues studied. The concentration of β + γ -tocopherol was enhanced only in the liver and yolk sac membrane. 6. It is concluded that the maternal diet plays an important role in antioxidant systems formation during chick embryonic development; the M-diet can increase the antioxidant potential of the egg yolk and embryonic tissues compared to the antioxidant potential provided by parent birds fed the W-diet.
Integration of Hard Repair Techniques with ECC for Enhancing Fabrication Yield and Reliability of Embedded Memories

Error correction code (ECC) and hard repair (built-in self-repair) techniques by using redundancies have been widely used for improving the yield and reliability of memories. The target faults of these two schemes are soft errors and permanent faults, respectively. In recent works, there are also some techniques integrating ECC and BISR to deal with soft errors and hard defects simultaneously. However, this will compromise reliability since some of the ECC protection capability is used for repairing hard defects. To cure this dilemma, we propose an ECC-enhanced BISR (EBISR) technique which uses ECC to repair single permanent faults first and spares for the remaining faults in the production/power-on test and repair stage. However, techniques are proposed to maintain the original reliability during the on-line test and repair stage. We also propose the corresponding hardware architecture of the EBISR scheme. A simulator is implemented to evaluate the hardware overhead, repair rate, and reliability. Experimental results show that the proposed EBISR scheme can improve yield and reliability significantly with negligible hardware overhead.
Time Adaptive Conditional Kernel Density Estimation for Wind Power Forecasting

This paper reports the application of a new kernel density estimation model based on the Nadaraya-Watson estimator, for the problem of wind power uncertainty forecasting. The new model is described, including the use of kernels specific to the wind power problem. A novel time-adaptive approach is presented. The quality of the new model is benchmarked against a splines quantile regression model currently in use in the industry. The case studies refer to two distinct wind farms in the United States and show that the new model produces better results, evaluated with suitable quality metrics such as calibration, sharpness, and skill score.
Gain enhancement of wideband Fabry-Perot resonator antennas using a short horn

This paper presents a wideband high-gain antenna with a compact, simple and low-profile structure. A Fabry-Perot resonator antenna with truncated superstrates that exhibit increasing phase at the operating band is applied to design a wideband antenna at first. Furthermore, by integration with a surface-mounted short pyramidal horn, the gain can be enhanced without compromising other performance. A prototype was developed to operate at 11-14 GHz and the test results show a 3-dB directivity bandwidth of about 24.7% and the directivity of 19-21 dBi within the bandwidth.
Comparison of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Cytogenetic Analysis, and DNA Index Analysis to Detect Chromosomes 4 and 10 Aneuploidy in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study

Purpose: Chromosome abnormalities are an important prognostic factor in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recently, a subset of patients with hyperdiploid ALL and trisomy of chromosomes 4 and 10 has been reported to have a very favorable event-free survival. Rapid and accurate detection of these patients will allow them to be treated with highly effective and relatively nontoxic antimetubolitc therapy. Because of inherent problems associated with conventional cancer cytogenetics, we examined the efficacy of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify this ALL subgroup. Patients and Methods: Fifty uncultured bone marrow specimens from children with newly diagnosed ALL were examined for chromosomes 4 and 10 aneuploidy with FISH. These results were compared with routine cytogenetics and DNA Index (DI). Results: Interphase FISH cytogenetics identified the abnormal cell line(s) in all cases in which cytogenetics showed aneuploidy of chromosomes 4 and 10. In cases in which cytogenetics was not informative, FISH identified the presence of an aneuploid chromosome 4 and/or 10 cell line in concordance with the DI. Conclusions: FISH interphase cytogenetics can accurately detect chromosome 4 and 10 aneuploidy in leukemic cells. It is a rapid and clinically applicable technique that can reliably identify childhood ALL cases who have trisomy of chromosomes 4 and 10 and who have very favorable event-free survival.
Antioxidant capacity of 55 medicinal herbs traditionally used to treat the urinary system: a comparison using a sequential three-solvent extraction process.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic renal disease exceeds 10% in industrialized societies. Oxidative damage is thought to be one of the main mechanisms involved in nearly all chronic renal pathologies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to use the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method and a sequential multisolvent extraction process to compare the in vitro antioxidant capacity of 55 medicinal herbs and prioritize them for in vivo studies investigating the value of herbal therapies in the treatment of renal disorders. METHODS The herbs were chosen on the basis of their traditional use in kidney or urinary system disorders, or because they have attracted the attention of recent investigations into renal pathologies. The three solvents used for extraction were ethyl acetate, methanol, and 50% aqueous methanol. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seed and Camellia sinensis (tea) leaf, both known to possess high antioxidant capacity, were included for comparison. RESULTS Twelve of the 55 herbs were comparable to or exceeded ORAC levels of milk thistle seed or tea leaf. The highest radical-scavenging activity was found in Olea europaea (olive leaf), Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh), Rheum palmatum (rhubarb), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), and Scutellaria lateriflora (Virginia skullcap). CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant capacity of many of the herbs studied may, at least in part, be responsible for their reputation as being protective of organs of the urinary system. Overall, the combined ORAC values for the methanol and aqueous methanol extracts comprised 84% of the total ORAC value. Sequential extraction with solvents of different polarities may be necessary to fully extract the antioxidant principles from medicinal plants.
A Loss of Power in Institutional Theory

Institutional theory has made tremendous gains in recent years. However, while it has borrowed concepts and insights from more critical perspectives, it has resisted the import of a more critical outlook. This has meant that institutional theory has shied away from identifying and examining more problematic uses of power. Consequently, institutional understandings of how power operates continue to fall short of the theory’s full potential.
The field modulation effect of fluoride plasma treatment on blocking characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT

We proposed and fabricated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with highly stable reverse blocking characteristics by employing fluoride plasma treatment using CF4 gas. The plasma treatment with various RF power was performed selectively on drain side gate edge region where electric field was concentrated. Unlike a normally-off process, fluoride plasma treatment with attenuated RF power expanded gate depletion region in the direction of drain electrode. Expansion of depletion was confirmed by simulated energy band structure and the change of off-state gate drain capacitance. Expanded gate depletion spread E-field more uniformly with reducing field intensity and prevented surface potential from dropping drastically at the gate edge under reverse bias condition. By the mitigation of field concentration and gradual potential change due to plasma treatment, was leakage current reduced and high breakdown voltage achieved. The breakdown voltage of plasma treated device with optimized RF power was1400 V while that of untreated sample was 900 V. The leakage current of plasma treated device was 9.5 nA.
Motives and Implementation: On the Design of Mechanisms to Elicit Opinions

A number of experts receive noisy signals regarding a desirable public decision. The public target is to make the best possible decision on the basis of all the information held by the experts. We compare two “cultures. ” In one, all experts are driven only by the public motive to increase the probability that the desirable action will be taken. In the second, each expert is also driven by aprivate motive: to have his recommendation accepted. We show that in the first culture, every mechanism will have an equilibrium which does not achieve the public target, whereas the second culture gives rise to a mechanism whose unique equilibrium outcome does achieve the public target.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C72, D71.
Using marking menus to develop command sets for computer vision based hand gesture interfaces

This paper presents the first stages of a project that studies the use of hand gestures for interaction, in an approach based on computer vision. A first prototype for exploring the use of marking menus for interaction has been built. The purpose is not menu-based interaction per se, but to study if marking menus, with practice, could support the development of autonomous command sets for gestural interaction. Some early observations are reported, mainly concerning problems with user fatigue and precision of gestures. Future work is discussed, such as introducing flow menus for reducing fatigue, and control menus for continuous control functions. The computer vision algorithms will also have to be developed further.
Augmented reality product display system on a 360-degree view inside store

This research proposes a novel product display system for electronic commerce websites that employs a panoramic photo of the inside of a real store as the background. Using a tablet or smartphone as a controller, the user is able to freely move around the inside of the store while viewing the panoramic photo, similarly to Google Street View. Also, the user can select a product they are interested in and freely view the product from any angle by rotating the tablet or smartphone. Furthermore, that product can be displayed as if it were in the hands of the user by a photo-based augmented reality system (Photo AR), allowing comparison with other objects possessed by the user. In this report, the proposed system was actually implemented using HTML5/JavaScript and the results were evaluated.
Meat fatty acid composition as affected by fatness and genetic factors: a review

Meat fatty acid composition is influenced by genetic factors, although to a lower extent than dietary factors. The species is the major source of variation in fatty acid composition with ruminant meats being more saturated as a result of biohydrogenation in the rumen compared to the meat of monogastric animals. The level of fatness also has an effect on the meat fatty acid composition. The contents of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids increase faster with increasing fatness than does the content of PUFA, resulting in a decrease in the relative proportion of PUFA and consequently in the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P/S) ratio. The dilution of phospholipids with triacylglycerols and the distinct differences in fatty acid composition of these fractions explain the decrease in the P/S ratio with increasing fatness. An exponential model was fitted to the literature data for beef and showed a sharply increasing P/S ratio at low levels of intramuscular fat. Lowering the fat level of beef is thus more efficient in increasing the P/S ratio than dietary interventions. For pork, the intramuscular fat level also affects the P/S ratio, but nutrition will have a larger impact. The fat level also influences the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, due to the difference of this ratio in polar and neutral lipids. However, these effects are much smaller than the effects that can be achieved by dietary means. Differences in fatty acid composition between breeds and genotypes can be largely explained by differences in fatness. However, after correction for fat level, breed or genotype differences in the MUFA/SFA ratio and in the longer chain C20 and C22 PUFA metabolism have been reported, reflecting the possible genetic differences in fatty acid metabolism. Breed differences in meat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content have not yet been reported, but the c9t11CLA content in meat is positively related to the total fat content. Heritabilities and genetic correlations for the proportion of certain fatty acids have been estimated in a few studies, and correspond to the observations at the phenotypic level in relation to the intramuscular fat level. Although there is potential for genetic change, incorporating fatty acid composition as a goal in classical breeding programs does not seem worthwhile at the present. Enzyme activities have been measured in a few studies, but are not able to explain between-animal variation in fatty acid composition. Biochemical and molecular genetic studies should be encouraged to unravel the mechanisms responsible for differences in the metabolism and incorporation of specific fatty acids in meat. fatty acids / meat / genetics / P/S ratio
Estimated Effects of Projected Climate Change on the Basic Reproductive Number of the Lyme Disease Vector Ixodes scapularis

Background: The extent to which climate change may affect human health by increasing risk from vector-borne diseases has been under considerable debate. Objectives: We quantified potential effects of future climate change on the basic reproduction number (R0) of the tick vector of Lyme disease, Ixodes scapularis, and explored their importance for Lyme disease risk, and for vector-borne diseases in general. Methods: We applied observed temperature data for North America and projected temperatures using regional climate models to drive an I. scapularis population model to hindcast recent, and project future, effects of climate warming on R0. Modeled R0 increases were compared with R0 ranges for pathogens and parasites associated with variations in key ecological and epidemiological factors (obtained by literature review) to assess their epidemiological importance. Results: R0 for I. scapularis in North America increased during the years 1971–2010 in spatio-temporal patterns consistent with observations. Increased temperatures due to projected climate change increased R0 by factors (2–5 times in Canada and 1.5–2 times in the United States), comparable to observed ranges of R0 for pathogens and parasites due to variations in strains, geographic locations, epidemics, host and vector densities, and control efforts. Conclusions: Climate warming may have co-driven the emergence of Lyme disease in northeastern North America, and in the future may drive substantial disease spread into new geographic regions and increase tick-borne disease risk where climate is currently suitable. Our findings highlight the potential for climate change to have profound effects on vectors and vector-borne diseases, and the need to refocus efforts to understand these effects. Citation: Ogden NH, Radojević M, Wu X, Duvvuri VR, Leighton PA, Wu J. 2014. Estimated effects of projected climate change on the basic reproductive number of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis. Environ Health Perspect 122:631–638; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1307799
Characterization of insertion sequence IS892 and related elements from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120

IS892, one of the several insertion sequence (IS) elements discovered in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 (Y. Cai and C. P. Wolk, J. Bacteriol. 172:3138-3145, 1990), is 1,675 bp with 24-bp near-perfect inverted terminal repeats and has two open reading frames (ORFs) that could code for proteins of 233 and 137 amino acids. Upon insertion into target sites, this IS generates an 8-bp directly repeated target duplication. A 32-bp sequence in the region between ORF1 and ORF2 is similar to the sequence of the inverted termini. Similar inverted repeats are found within each of those three segments, and the sequences of these repeats bear some similarity to the 11-bp direct repeats flanking the 11-kb insertion interrupting the nifD gene of this strain (J. W. Golden, S. J. Robinson, and R. Haselkorn, Nature [London] 314:419-423, 1985). A sequence similar to that of a binding site for the Escherichia coli integration host factor is found about 120 bp from the left end of IS892. Partial nucleotide sequences of active IS elements IS892N and IS892T, members of the IS892 family from the same Anabaena strain, were shown to be very similar to the sequence of IS892.
Low-Glycemic-Index Foods Can Decrease Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in the Short Term

Background. We aimed to compare the effects of low- and high-GI foods on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Methods. This longitudinal study was performed on 30 women, aged 18 to 40 years, during 24 hours. In the first leg of study all recruited subjects were assigned to LGI period for 24 hours and, after a 2-week washout period, all subjects were assigned to HGI period. BP was measured every hour during the 24-hour monitoring. Results. After the intervention, there were significant decreases in SBP and DBP in the LGI period (102.26 ± 14.18 mmHg versus 112.86 ± 9.33 mmHg for SBP and 66.96 ± 10.39 mmHg versus 74.46 ± 7.61 mmHg for DBP) (P = 0.00 and P = 0.002, resp.). However, in the HGI period, there was no significant change in SBP or DBP (110.66 ± 9.85 versus 111.80 ± 9.57 for SBP and 71.16 ± 9.16 versus 74.26 ± 10.09 for DBP) (P = 0.6 and P = 0.06, resp.). Conclusion. The results suggest that LGI foods may be beneficial in reducing 24-hour BP.
Worst-Case Induced Disturbances in Digital and Analog Interchip Interconnects by an External Electromagnetic Plane Wave—Part I: Modeling and Algorithm

This paper deals with the susceptibility of electronic units to radiated electromagnetic (EM) interference and specifically, it focuses on the parasitic coupling of EM fields with printed circuit board interconnects like microstrip lines. To this purpose, a uniform lossless microstrip line illuminated by an EM plane wave is considered and the voltages at the line terminations are evaluated referring to the Baum-Liu-Tesche equations. Based on this, a new algorithm to identify, frequency-by-frequency, the incidence angles and the polarization of the impinging field that gives rise to the maximum induced voltages at the line terminations is presented.
Taking Political Engagement Online: An Experimental Analysis of Asynchronous Discussion Forums

In this study we analyse the effect of participation in an online asynchronous discussion forum on the direction and magnitude of opinion change and policy preferences relating to youth antisocial behaviour among a large sample of online panel members. Panel members were randomly assigned to conditions that manipulated: (1) the amount of information about youth antisocial behaviour provided; and (2) the extent to which panel members were able to communicate with one another. We find that engagement in online discussion forums can lead to modest shifts in preferences among those who choose to contribute to the discussion. However, because those who choose to engage in this way are a small and self-selecting minority who make little use of background information, questions remain about the utility of online discussion forums as effective means of engaging citizens to generate informed inputs into the policy process.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE BLOCKING EFFECT OF THE TRACE OF VISUAL APPARENT MOVEMENT UPON THE PROPAGATION OF INDUCTION

The nature of the trace of apparent movement was investigated by making use of the phenomenon of neutralization concerning propagation of retinal induction discovered by Motokawa. Experiments were conducted in the right visual field as well as in the binocular field composed of the independent monocular ones, that is to say, under the two conditions ; when apparent movement was caused monocularly, and when binocularly. Findings are as follows. The indirect induction does not traverse the trace of apparent movement resulted by the successive presentation of white luminous rectangles, no matter whether monocularly or binocularly they may be viewed. Moreover the trace of apparent movement has the reflecting effect upon the propagating induction.
Spiral Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Dual-Polarized Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor

We numerically demonstrate a surface plasmon resonance biosensor-based on dual-polarized spiral photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Chemically stable gold material is used as the active plasmonic material, which is placed on the outer layer of the PCF to facilitate practical fabrication. Finite-element method-based numerical investigations show that the proposed biosensor shows maximum wavelength sensitivity of 4600 and 4300 nm/RIU in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarized modes at an analyte refractive index of 1.37. Moreover, for analyte refractive index ranging from 1.33 to 1.38, maximum amplitude sensitivities of 371.5 RIU<sup>−1</sup> and 420.4 RIU<sup>−1</sup> are obtained in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarized modes, respectively. In addition, the effects of changing pitch, different air hole diameter of the PCF and thickness of the gold layer on the sensing performance are also investigated. Owing to high sensitivity, improved sensing resolution and appropriate linearity characteristics, the proposed dual-polarized spiral PCF can be implemented for the detection of biological analytes, organic chemicals, biomolecules, and other unknown analytes.