Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facilitating novice researchers in project publishing during the doctoral years and beyond: a Hong Kong-based study

This article examines the existing training that a group of supervisors in Hong Kong provide for their PhD students in helping them publish during their doctoral studies, and preparing them for the publishing demands in the early phase of their academic careers. The supervisors were interviewed about the types of training they provided for their students in handling project publishing. The types of training they described were examined in terms of five domains of competence: (1) in conceiving publishable projects, (2) in project/output management, (3) in research communication, (4) in handling reviewers' comments, and (5) in thesis-publication alignment/transfers. Findings reveal that training was heavily weighted towards research communication and mostly directed at manuscripts-in-progress. Advice on how to handle reviewers' comments was also reported in some of the interviews, making it the second most frequent type of coaching described. Pedagogical implications for the universities in the context under investigation will be discussed.
Detecting Differential Speededness in Multistage Testing

A potential undesirable effect of multistage testing is differential speededness, which happens if some of the test takers run out of time because they receive subtests with items that are more time intensive than others. This article shows how a probabilistic response-time model can be used for estimating differences in time intensities and speed between subtests and test takers and detecting differential speededness. An empirical data set for a multistage test in the computerized CPA Exam was used to demonstrate the procedures. Although the more difficult subtests appeared to have items that were more time intensive than the easier subtests, an analysis of the residual response times did not reveal any significant differential speededness because the time limit appeared to be appropriate. In a separate analysis, within each of the subtests, we found minor but consistent patterns of residual times that are believed to be due to a warm-up effect, that is, use of more time on the initial items than they actually need.
Language Learning and Perfectionism: Anxious and Non-Anxious Language Learners' Reactions to Their Own Oral Performance.

This interview study sought to clarify the relationship between foreign language anxiety and perfectionism. The comments of anxious and non-anxious language learners were audiorecorded as they watched themselves interact in a videotaped oral interview. By examining the reactions of the language learners to their actual oral performance and analyzing the audiotapes for instances of perfectionism, evidence was gathered suggesting that anxious and non-anxious learners differ in their personal performance standards, procrastination, fear of evaluation, and concern over errors. Because the results of this study indicated a link between language anxiety and perfectionism, the article ends with a discussion of procedures that have been used to overcome perfectionism and that may also be helpful to anxious foreign language learners.
T-tube or No T-tube in Cadaveric Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: The Eternal Dilemma Results of a Prospective and Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective:To compare the incidence and severity of biliary complications due to liver transplantation after choledochocholedochostomy with or without a T-tube in a single-center, prospective, randomized trial. Summary Background Data:The usefulness of the T-tube for end-to-end biliary anastomosis to reduce the incidence of biliary complications in patients undergoing liver transplantation has been controversial. Methods:A per-protocol analysis was designed for liver recipients, who were randomly assigned to choledochocholedochostomy with (n = 95) or without (n = 92) a T-tube. Results:The overall biliary complication rate was 22.5% (n = 42), with no difference between groups (P = 0.35). The majority (66.7%) of complications in the T-tube group were types I and II, whereas 50% were type IIIa and 44% were type IIIb in the non–T-tube group (P < 0.0001). Fewer anastomotic strictures were found in the T-tube group (n = 2, 2.1%) than in the non–T-tube group (n = 13, 14.1%; P = 0.002). No difference in anastomotic biliary leakage was observed between groups. Biliary complication–free survival rates showed that complications appeared earlier in the T-tube group. Graft and patient survival rates were similar in both groups. Conclusions:Complications in the T-tube group were less severe and required less aggressive treatment. The incidence of anastomotic strictures was higher in patients with no T-tube. We recommend conducting choledochocholedochostomy with a rubber T-tube during liver transplantation in risky anastomosis and when the bile duct diameter is less than 7 mm.This study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials. gov: Clinical trial ID# NCT01546064.
Certolizumab pegol in combination with dose-optimised methotrexate in DMARD-naïve patients with early, active rheumatoid arthritis with poor prognostic factors: 1-year results from C-EARLY, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study

Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol (CZP)+dose-optimised methotrexate (MTX) versus placebo (PBO)+dose-optimised MTX in inducing and sustaining clinical remission in DMARD-naïve patients with moderate-to-severe, active, progressive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with poor prognostic factors over 52 weeks. Methods DMARD-naïve patients with ≤1 year of active RA were randomised (3:1) in a double-blind manner to CZP (400 mg Weeks 0, 2, 4, then 200 mg Q2W to Week 52)+MTX or PBO+MTX (the mean optimised-MTX dose=21 and 22 mg/week, respectively). Sustained remission (sREM) and sustained low disease activity (sLDA; DAS28(ESR)<2.6 and DAS28(ESR)≤3.2, respectively, at both Weeks 40 and 52) were the primary and secondary endpoints. Results Patients were randomised to CZP+MTX (n=660) and PBO+MTX (n=219). At Week 52, significantly more patients assigned to CZP+MTX compared with PBO+MTX achieved sREM (28.9% vs 15.0%, p<0.001) and sLDA (43.8% vs 28.6%, p<0.001). Inhibition of radiographic progression and improvements in physical functioning were significantly greater for CZP+MTX versus PBO+MTX (van der Heijde modified total Sharp score (mTSS) mean absolute change from baseline (CFB): 0.2 vs 1.8, p<0.001, rate of mTSS non-progressors: 70.3% vs 49.7%, p<0.001; least squares (LS) mean CFB in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI): −1.00 vs −0.82, p<0.001). Incidence of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs was similar between treatment groups. Infection was the most frequent AE, with higher incidence for CZP+MTX (71.8/100 patient-years (PY)) versus PBO+MTX (52.7/100 PY); the rate of serious infection was similar between CZP+MTX (3.3/100 PY) and PBO+MTX (3.7/100 PY). Conclusions CZP+dose-optimised MTX treatment of DMARD-naïve early RA resulted in significantly more patients achieving sREM and sLDA, improved physical function and inhibited structural damage compared with PBO+dose-optimised MTX. Trial registration number NCT01519791.
Understanding Organizations through Embodied Metaphors

We outline the dominant, positivist approach to conceptualizing and researching organizations through multi-level research that views levels as independently existing, hierarchically nested entities, and problematize this view by offering an alternative approach based on embodied realism. We operationalize this approach through a study of three organization development workshops where organizational actors constructed artifacts we label embodied metaphors. We propose that analysis of embodied metaphors can enable access to actors' first-order conceptions of organizational levels and related organizational dimensions and reveals alternative qualities and interrelations among them; can support a clinical approach to organizations; provides a window to organizational, divisional or task identities; and poses substantial challenges to established conceptions of ontology and method in organization theory.
Discarding monotone composed rule for hierarchical phrase-based statistical machine translation

Hierarchical phrase-based statistical machine translation systems often suffer from a huge rule table. This paper proposed a basic and efficient method for rule table reduction, discarding monotone composed rules. These rules are redundant because they may be monotonically recreated by minimal rules. Experiments show that the rule table is reduced 57%~71% without worsening translation quality.
Breakthrough Technologies Insights into the Evolution of Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoproteins from 1000 Plant Transcriptomes 1 [ OPEN ]

Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.); Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.); Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.); Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.); Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.) Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.); University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.); New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.); Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.); Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.); Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
Enhanced three-dimensional HRIRs interpolation for virtual auditory space

Production of 3D sound for virtual auditory space needs interpolated head related impulse responses (HRIRs), due to limitation of real-time system for storing HRIR measurements. Fortunately, interpolation of HRIRs can reduce much cost and effort in measuring many HRIRs. This research analyses three interpolation techniques, namely bilinear rectangular, bilinear triangular, and tetrahedral by using PKUIOA HRTF Database. Bilinear triangular interpolation has been applied to estimate a target HRIR from 3 surrounding measured HRIRs that form a triangle. Accordingly, bilinear rectangular interpolation uses 4 surrounding rectangular measured HRIRs. These geometrical approaches compute weights from relative angular distances of a target HRIR from measured HRIRs. Tetrahedral interpolation, in other hand, is an interpolation technique in 3D using barycentric weights. An optimal framework in obtaining estimated HRIRs is proposed here by interpolating minimum phase HRIRs using tetrahedral interpolation.
Similarity search in content-based multimedia retrieval using spatial grid files

A multimedia object is represented by several kinds of feature vectors which are (semi)-automatically extracted. Therefore, a multimedia information system must employ multiple search and indexing mechanisms due to integration of multiple search modalities such as querying and for indexing, keywords and other content-based feature vectors extracted from multimedia objects such as color, texture, shape or sketch. However, today there is no indexing method for content based retrieval of such feature combinations and there is an increasing need for multiple-feature indexing in content based multimedia retrieval systems. In this paper, we introduce a new file structure called Spatial Grid File (SGF). This file structure enables to index multimedia objects by different and independent high-dimensional feature vectors. Moreover, with it, complex queries involving combined retrieval can be efficiently performed. It has unique feature in combining set of search modes each having different properties and similarity metrics. The detailed descriptions of SGF and a summary of the results obtained from the experiments are included.
Self-reported adherence: a method for evaluating prescribed physical activity in primary health care patients.

BACKGROUND Physical activity on prescription, as a method for increasing physical activity, has attracted attention in recent years. However, few studies have examined adherence as a primary outcome variable. The aim of this article was to examine self-reported adherence to individualized prescribed physical activity in a routine primary health care setting. METHODS Patients receiving an individualized physical activity on prescription (FaR) for prevention or treatment of disease were recruited from 13 Swedish primary health care units. Self-reported adherence, physical activity level, readiness to change to a more physically active lifestyle, and well-being were measured with questions at baseline and after 6 months in 240 patients (mean age 51, range 12 to 80, 75% women). RESULTS At the 6-month follow-up a majority (65%) of the patients reported adherence to the prescription. Partial adherence was reported by 19% and nonadherence by 16%. There was a relationship between adherence and well-being and stages of action or maintenance. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that adherence to physical activity on prescription is as good as adherence to other treatments for chronic diseases. This is significant because even a small increase in physical activity is important both on an individual level and for public health.
Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem and Reactions to Success and Failure

Past research has shown that those low in self-esteem tend to persist less after initial failure than do those high in self-esteem. It is not clear, however, whether this motivational vulnerability is attributable to low self-competence, low self-liking, or both. To address this question, the persistence and performance of students with distinct self-esteem composites were examined using an anagram task. The persistence results revealed that low self-liking was independently associated with decreased effort following performance failure, suggesting that it is this dimension of low self-esteem that is of primary importance in accounting for the previously demonstrated phenomenon. Differences in performance, although less pronounced, corresponded roughly with differences in persistence.
Errors in Judging Information about Reflections in Mirrors

We investigated people's perception and knowledge of planar mirror reflections. People were accurate at deciding when they could first see their reflection as they approached a mirror from the side, but only if their reflection was visible. Most people stopped too early if the mirror was covered up. People also overestimated the size of the reflection of their face on the surface of a mirror if they were shown a covered mirror. Their accuracy improved somewhat if their reflection was visible but, unlike the first task, they still made striking errors. Perceptual feedback thus improved performance at predicting the behaviour of mirror reflections in both tasks but failed to eliminate errors in the second task. The overestimation of reflection size was not face-specific as it generalised to novel stimuli (paper ellipses) and it was found with both a matching response and for verbal size estimations. The early error in the first task appears to be due to an inaccurate belief that can be overridden by perceptual feedback. The overestimation in the second task is primarily caused by a powerful size-constancy effect.
Critical Education for Participatory Research

This article takes the form of a case study of a master's course for health and development professionals working in the field of primary health care. It argues the need for health professionals to critically examine research paradigms and the assumptions that inform them, considering their appropriateness to primary health care, a health strategy based on a recognition of the relationship between inequalities and health status. Conventional training of health professionals does not encourage health workers to reflect critically on their research practice. This can be facilitated through an educational strategy that emphasises issues of inequality as central to health and addresses issues of power and purpose in research activity.
Non-Gaussian postselection and virtual photon subtraction in continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Photon subtraction can enhance the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD). However, the enhancement effect will be reduced by the imperfections of practical devices, especially the limited efficiency of a single-photon detector. In this paper, we propose a non-Gaussian postselection method to emulate the photon substraction used in coherent-state CV QKD protocols. The virtual photon subtraction not only can avoid the complexity and imperfections of a practical photon-subtraction operation, which extends the secure transmission distance as the ideal case does, but also can be adjusted flexibly according to the channel parameters to optimize the performance. Furthermore, our preliminary tests on the information reconciliation suggest that in the low signal-to-noise ratio regime, the performance of reconciliating the postselected non-Gaussian data is better than that of the Gaussian data, which implies the feasibility of implementing this method practically.
Effect of double-application or the application of a hydrophobic layer for improved efficacy of one-step self-etch systems in enamel and dentin.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of two alternative modes of application (double-application and placement of a hydrophobic resin coat) compared with the manufacturers' directions on the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of one-step, self-etch systems to enamel and dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resin composite buildups were bonded to the buccal and lingual ground enamel surfaces and occlusal dentin of third molars using the following adhesives: Xeno III (XE), GBond (GB), Adper Prompt L-Pop (AD) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) as the control. The adhesive systems were applied: (1) following the manufacturer's directions (MD), (2) with double-application (DA) or with (3) additional placement of a hydrophobic resin layer (HR) after following the manufacturer's directions. After storage in water (24 hours/37 degrees C), the bonded specimens were sectioned into sticks (0.8 mm2) that were tested until failure at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Data from each substrate were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The interaction Adhesive vs. Application mode was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for both substrates. In dentin, XE and GB achieved high microTBS in the HR group (p < 0.05). For AD, the highest microTBS were observed in the DA group (p < 0.05). For enamel, similar microTBS was observed for XE and GB among the three modes of application, while the highest pTBS of AD was observed in the HR group. CONCLUSION The effects of using the double-application and placement of a hydrophobic resin coat on microtensile dentin-bond strength values seem to be effective; however, these techniques in enamel were adhesive-dependent.
Incidence of Klebsiella Species in Surface Waters and Their Expression of Virulence Factors

ABSTRACT To investigate the occurrence of different Klebsiellaspp. in aquatic environments, a total of 208 samples of natural surface waters was examined. From half (53%) of these samples, 123Klebsiella strains were isolated, the most common species being Klebsiella pneumoniae. A comparison of these isolates to a group of 207 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated that water isolates of K. pneumoniae, unlike those of K. oxytoca and K. planticola, are as capable as clinical isolates of expressing putative virulence factors such as serum resistance and capsular polysaccharides, pili, and siderophores.
Fear In Prison

It is widely accepted that prisoners are at risk of victimization from their fellow prisoners. However, little is known about the psychological consequences of exposure to such risk. In particular, what is the relationship between prisoners' feelings of anxiety and their observations or experiences of victimization? How is the level of incivility in penal institutions related to perceptions of safety? The findings from a survey of 1,182 inmates shed some light on the dynamics of fear in prison. Most prisoners reported feeling safe most of the time, although a small number of prison locations consistently were rated as unsafe. Prisoners with direct experience of victimization were more fearful than those without. An attempt is made to outline possible explanations for these and other findings.
Technologies for Ultradynamic Voltage Scaling

Energy efficiency of electronic circuits is a critical concern in a wide range of applications from mobile multi-media to biomedical monitoring. An added challenge is that many of these applications have dynamic workloads. To reduce the energy consumption under these variable computation requirements, the underlying circuits must function efficiently over a wide range of supply voltages. This paper presents voltage-scalable circuits such as logic cells, SRAMs, ADCs, and dc-dc converters. Using these circuits as building blocks, two different applications are highlighted. First, we describe an H.264/AVC video decoder that efficiently scales between QCIF and 1080p resolutions, using a supply voltage varying from 0.5 V to 0.85 V. Second, we describe a 0.3 V 16-bit micro-controller with on-chip SRAM, where the supply voltage is generated efficiently by an integrated dc-dc converter.
The effect of packet loss on redundancy elimination in cellular wireless networks

Network-level redundancy elimination (RE) algorithms reduce traffic volume on bandwidth-constrained network paths by avoiding the transmission of repeated byte sequences. Previous work shows that RE can suppress the transmission of 20-50% bytes when deployed at ISP access links or between routers. In this paper, we focus on the challenges of deploying RE in cellular networks. The potential benefifit is substantial, since cellular networks have a growing subscriber base and network links, including wired backhaul, are often oversubscribed. Using three large traces captured at two North American and one European wireless network providers, we show that RE can reduce the bandwidth consumption of the majority of mobile users by at least 10%. However, cellular links have much higher packet loss rates than their wired counterparts, which makes applying RE much more difficult. Our experiments also show that the loss of only a few packets can disrupt RE and eliminate the bandwidth savings. We propose informed marking, a lightweight scheme that detects lost packets and prevents RE algorithms from using them for future encodings. We implement RE with informed marking and deploy it in a real-world cellular network. Our results show that with informed marking, more than 60% of the bandwidth savings of RE are preserved, even when packet loss rates are high.
A Taxonomy of Adaptive Workflow Management

This paper highlights the need for adaptive workflow management, classifies various types of workflow adaptation, and discusses potential mechanisms for achieving adaptive workflow management. Our current efforts on adaptive workflow research are presented with emphasis laid on human involvement. The developments are based on dynamic composition of workflow resources, including workflow models, as well as a strong association between exception handling and adaptive workflow management.