Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nerve-Sparing Class III–IV Radical Hysterectomy: Urodynamic Study and Surgical Technique

Objective The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of the nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy on the bladder function. Methods Patients with cervical cancer stage 1B1 to IIB, who underwent type 3 to 4 nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy, were evaluated with urodynamic test before and within 6 months from surgery. Stage IB2 to IIB patients were treated with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Bladder catheter was removed in postoperative day 4, and patients were educated to clean intermittent self-catheterization. Urinary symptoms were evaluated with a questionnaire administered before and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were excluded from the study. Results Fifteen patients (stage IB1, 7; IB2, 3; and IIB, 5) completed the study. Eight (53%) patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Bilateral nerve sparing was feasible in 13 (87%) patients, unilateral in 2 (13%). At postoperative day 10, only 3 (20%) patients continued intermittent self-catheterization. Before surgery, 1 (6.2%) patient had urodynamic symptoms of incontinence, and 3 (20%) had overactive bladder detrusor. Postoperative urodynamic study (median, 4 months; range, 3–6) showed reduced detrusor activity in 8 (53%), overactive detrusor in 4 (27%), and normal profile in 3 (20%) patients. Reduced bladder sensation was observed in 2 (12.5%), and residual urine more than 30% of bladder capacity in 2 (12.5%) patients, respectively. No patient showed de novo incontinence. Bladder compliance was unchanged. Conclusions The separation of the hypogastric nerve from the parametrium is a feasible surgical step, which can be implemented in the radical hysterectomy technique in different clinical settings. The comparative urodynamic study showed a mild functional impairment in the early postoperative period. The most frequent finding was the reduced detrusor activity observed during the voiding phase, consistent with the straining needed to void reported in the questionnaire. These data suggest that a mild bladder impairment occurs despite the conservation of the hypogastric nerve.
Daytime melatonin and temazepam in young adult humans: equivalent effects on sleep latency and body temperatures

1 As changes in core body temperature are generally associated with concomitant changes in sleep propensity, it is possible that the effects of hypnotic/soporific agents may be related to changes in thermoregulation. Therefore, to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms by which these agents exert their soporific effects, we compared the thermoregulatory and soporific effects of temazepam (20 mg per os (p.o.)) with those of melatonin (5 mg p.o.) when administered at 14.00 h to 20 young healthy adults (13 male, 7 female; age, 23·5 ± 0·4 years). 2 From 08.00 to 20.30 h, subjects lay in bed, and foot and rectal (Tc) temperatures were recorded. Sleep onset latency (SOL) was measured using 20 min multiple sleep latency tests, performed hourly from 11.00 to 20.00 h, during which time heart rate was recorded. 3 Compared with placebo, both melatonin and temazepam significantly reduced Tc (‐0·17 ± 0·02 and ‐0·15 ± 0·03 °C, respectively) and SOL (by 4·8 ± 1·49 and 6·5 ± 1·62 min, respectively). Although both treatments significantly increased heat loss, only melatonin demonstrated cardiac effects. Importantly, there was a temporal relationship between minimum SOL and the maximum rate of decline in Tc for both melatonin (r= 0·48) and temazepam (r= 0·44). 4 A possible role of thermoregulation in sleep initiation is suggested by the similar temporal relationship between Tc and SOL for two different classes of soporific agents.
Nonlinear magnetic equivalent circuit-based real-time sen transformer electromagnetic transient model on FPGA for HIL emulation

Strategic power-flow control using a Sen transformer (ST) can be a robust and cost-effective solution to relieve grid congestion due to increased installation of renewables. The ST consists of a multiwinding transformer and tap changer that can regulate the power flow through a transmission line by injecting a series-connected controllable voltage. This paper develops a realtime high-fidelity magnetic equivalent circuit-based electromagnetic transient model for the ST on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for hardware-in-the-loop applications. This geometry-based model was developed to depict the major flux paths in the transformer core, and complex nonlinear phenomena, such as saturation, hysteresis, and eddy currents. The entire real-time ST model and other power system components are emulated by hardware description language, employing the 32-b floating point precision on the FPGA chip. A fully paralleled and pipelined hardware architecture is developed to achieve accurate real-time emulation as well as the lowest latency and smallest hardware resource consumption. The real-time results are validated against 3-D finite-element simulation using JMAG software.
Childhood bullying behavior and later psychiatric hospital and psychopharmacologic treatment: findings from the Finnish 1981 birth cohort study.

CONTEXT No prospective population-based study examining predictive associations between childhood bullying behavior and long-term mental health outcomes in both males and females exists. OBJECTIVE To study predictive associations between bullying and victimization in childhood and later psychiatric hospital and psychopharmacologic treatment. DESIGN Nationwide birth cohort study from age 8 to 24 years. PARTICIPANTS Five thousand thirty-eight Finnish children born in 1981 with complete information about bullying and victimization at age 8 years from parents, teachers, and self-reports. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES National register-based lifetime information about psychiatric hospital treatments and psychopharmacologic medication prescriptions. RESULTS When controlled for psychopathology score, frequent victim status at age 8 years among females independently predicted psychiatric hospital treatment and use of antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic drugs. Among males, frequent bully-victim and bully-only statuses predicted use of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs. Frequent bully-victim status among males also predicted psychiatric hospital treatment and use of antipsychotics. However, when the analysis was controlled with total psychopathology score at age 8 years, frequent bully, victim, or bully-victim status did not predict any psychiatric outcomes among males. CONCLUSIONS Boys and girls who display frequent bullying behavior should be evaluated for possible psychiatric problems, as bullying behaviors in concert with psychiatric symptoms are early markers of risk of psychiatric outcome. Among females, frequent childhood victimization predicts later psychiatric problems irrespective of psychiatric problems at baseline.
Analysis and simulation methods for performance evaluation of a multiple networked embedded architecture

This paper deals with the modeling and the validation of multiple networked embedded computer systems supporting in-vehicle applications. In this context, the authors developed a modular modeling and simulation technique. This approach allowed the development of reusable component models with clearly defined interfaces. The building of a whole application model is then obtained by the integration of these components, so that model construction and result analysis are made easy. In fact, thanks to the formal definition of components, interfaces, and composition rules, this step is automatically achieved. In the context of the CAROSSE project, we implemented this methodology in the Carosse-Perf tool. Herein, the authors detail the methodology together with its modeling principles and the resulting definition of basic components and interfaces. Finally, they apply it to a case study drawn from a PSA Peugeot-Citroen application.
Efficient Structured Learning for Personalized Diversification

This paper is concerned with the problem of personalized diversification of search results, with the goal of enhancing the performance of both plain diversification and plain personalization algorithms. In previous work, the problem has mainly been tackled by means of unsupervised learning. To further enhance the performance, we propose a supervised learning strategy. Specifically, we set up a structured learning framework for conducting supervised personalized diversification, in which we add features extracted directly from tokens of documents and those utilized by unsupervised personalized diversification algorithms, and, importantly, those generated from our proposed user-interest latent Dirichlet topic model. We also define two constraints in our structured learning framework to ensure that search results are both diversified and consistent with a user's interest. To further boost the efficiency of training, we propose a fast training framework for our proposed method by adding additional multiple highly violated but also diversified constraints at every training iteration of the cutting-plane algorithm. We conduct experiments on an open dataset and find that our supervised learning strategy outperforms unsupervised personalized diversification methods as well as other plain personalization and plain diversification methods. Our fast training framework significantly saves training time while it maintains almost the same performance.
The Computational Complexity of Avoiding Conversational Implicatures

Referring expressions and other object descriptions should be maximal under the Local Brevity, No Unnecessary Components, and Lexical Preference preference rules; otherwise, they may lead hearers to infer unwanted conversational implicatures. These preference rules can be incorporated into a polynomial time generation algorithm, while some alternative formalizations of conversational implicature make the generation task NP-Hard.
The Anesthetic and Recovery Profile of Two Doses (60 and 80 mg) of Plain Mepivacaine for Ambulatory Spinal Anesthesia

Reports of transient neurological symptoms with the use of subarachnoid lidocaine has generated interest in alternate local anesthetics of intermediate duration, such as mepivacaine. This prospective randomized, double-blinded, dose-response study examined the anesthetic and recovery profiles of 60- and 80-mg doses of preservative-free plain mepivacaine for ambulatory spinal anesthesia. Sixty patients undergoing ambulatory anterior cruciate ligament repair of the knee under spinal anesthesia were randomized into two groups; Group 1 (29 patients) received 4 mL of 1.5% (60-mg dose) and Group 2 (31 patients) received 4 mL of 2% (80-mg dose) of plain mepivacaine. All patients received a combined spinal-epidural anesthetic technique. The epidural catheter was used only in the event the surgery outlasted the duration of surgical anesthesia with subarachnoid mepivacaine. Epidural supplementation was administered in three patients (12%) in Group 1 and one patient (3%) in Group 2 when the sensory block regressed to L-1 with surgery expected to last longer than 15 min. The cephalad dermatome level of the block and degree of motor block was comparable in the two groups. Times to two-segment and T-10 regression were comparable in the two groups (112 ± 26 min in Group 1 versus 122 ± 28 min in Group 2). Time to L-1 regression was significantly longer in Group 2 (146 ± 28 min in Group 1 versus 159 ± 19 min in Group 2). All of the ambulatory milestones were significantly faster in Group 1. Side effects, such as hypotension and emesis were negligible, severe bradycardia and urinary retention did not occur, and none of the patients in the two groups reported transient neurological symptoms over 24 h. In conclusion, plain mepivacaine in a 60- or 80-mg dose is a suitable local anesthetic choice for ambulatory spinal anesthesia with respect to anesthetic, as well as recovery profiles. Implications We evaluated the anesthetic and recovery profiles of 60- and 80-mg doses of plain mepivacaine for ambulatory spinal anesthesia. Both doses produced comparable sensory and motor block. Sensory and motor regression and ambulatory milestones were 20–30 min longer with the 80-mg dose. Side effects were negligible and transient neurological symptoms were not reported during a 24-h follow-up.
THE AATSR LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE ( LST ) PRODUCT : COMPARISON WITH LSTS FROM SEVIRI

The Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) onboard ESA’s Envisat Satellite, is the third in a series of precision radiometers designed to measure Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Since March 2004, an operational Land Surface Temperature (LST) product has also been available, which is the first of its kind since the (A)ATSR mission began in 1991. This product utilises a nadir-only split-window algorithm, with a target accuracy of 2.5 K during the day, and 1.0 K at night. Initial validation of the retrievals over a number of world-wide sites demonstrates that the product is achieving these accuracies, or better, under most cloud-free conditions. We present an overview of the operational AATSR LST product algorithm and the AATSR LST validation programme to date, and the results of some preliminary comparisons with equivalent data from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-red Imager (SEVIRI) instrument, over select sites in Europe. The results of the comparisons demonstrate that the SEVIRI LSTs are typically 12 K (standard deviation 1-3 K) colder than those from the AATSR. For most sites, the magnitude and standard deviation of these differences is lower at night. The results also indicate that the observed biases between the AATSR and SEVIRI LSTs appear to be seasonal, where the minima of the cycles (SEVIRI minus AATSR) occur during the summer months. A similar seasonal bias is observed in AATSR LST data in a two-year validation experiment over a site in Oklahoma, North America. In this study, we investigate the possibility that the AATSR LST retrievals are seasonally biased through radiative transfer simulations. The results of this theoretical study indicate that the AATSR retrievals, at least in part, are subject to such biases, where the principal source is the algorithms dependency on atmospheric conditions prevalent at the time of the satellite overpass.
Robust Automatic Speech Recognition with Unreliable Data Progress Report #2 : Months 1 { 12

Theoretical and practical issues of some of the problems in robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) and some of the techniques that address them are presented in this report. The problem of the robustness of the ASR in real{life (as opposed to laboratory) conditions is paramount to the widespread deployment of speech enabled products. The report reviews techniques used so far for robust ASR, ranging from simple spectrum subtraction to various types of model adaptation. A possible connection of robust ASR with the computational auditory scene analysis (CASA), methods for local Signal{to{Noise Ratio (SNR) estimation and classi cation/scoring with on{line adapted statistical models is discussed. The main focus is on the techniques that would allow for incorporation of CASA and local SNR estimates (used as methods for speech/non{speech separation) into the present prevailing stochastic pattern matching paradigms { Hidden Markov models (HMM) and arti cial neural networks (ANN). This is referred to as a classi cation with unreliable (both missing and/or uncertain) data throughout the report. The major di erence compared with other known methods is the assumption that (a) parts of the spectra remain (relatively) una ected by the noise; (b) they can be identi ed; (c) they are su cient for automatic speech recognition. Research done so far, other activities in connection with the postgraduate studies (research training program, departmental and other seminars) and activities planned for the next six months are outlined at the end of the report. In the Appendix, the derivations for the multidimensional integral of the sigmoid function are given.
A Mathematical Analysis of the Optimal Exercise Boundary for American Put Options

We study a free boundary problem arising from American put options. In particular we prove existence and uniqueness for this problem, and we derive and rigorously prove high order asymptotic expansions for the early exercise boundary near expiry. We provide four approximations for the boundary: one is explicit and is valid near expiry (weeks); two others are implicit involving inverse functions and are accurate for longer time to expiry (months); the fourth is an ODE initial value problem which is very accurate for all times to expiry, is extremely stable, and hence can be solved instantaneously on any computer. We further provide an ode iterative scheme which can reach its numerical fixed point in five iterations for all time to expiry. We also provide a large time (equivalent to regular expiration times but large interest rate and/or volatility) behavior of the exercise boundary. To demonstrate the accuracy of our approximations, we present the results of a numerical simulation.
Multi-classifier framework for lung tissue classification

Many systems have been developed for computer analysis of the lungs in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans for detection and analysis of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs). This paper presents a novel approach for classification of lung tissue patterns affected with Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. The proposed scheme makes use of texture features obtained using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and multiple classifiers to obtain the initial decisions on the input image. The decisions obtained from all the classifiers are fused to obtain the final decision on the input pattern. The method is tested on a private database containing HRCT images belongs to four ILDs patterns (viz. consolidation, emphysema, ground glass, nodular) and normal lung tissue. The performance of the method is compared with its single classifier based counterpart and found to be superior.
Lacrimal drainage surgery in Wegener's granulomatosis

AIM To examine the results of open lacrimal surgery in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. METHODS A retrospective review of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis who underwent lacrimal surgery over a 17 year period. RESULTS 11 patients were identified and a total of 14 primary dacryocystorhinostomies (DCR) and one revisional DCR were performed; symptomatic relief was achieved in 13/14 operations and one patient required revisional surgery for persistent symptoms. There were no intraoperative and few postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS In contrast with some previous reports, open DCR appears to be a safe procedure and it is recommended as a treatment for lacrimal obstruction in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, but an increase of perioperative immunosuppression is recommended in certain cases.
Research on soft tissue deformation and cutting in the virtual surgery

With the applications of OpenGL 3D rendering techniques and SensAble force feedback devices, this paper conducted an in-depth study on the solution procedure of virtual human soft tissue modeling, deformation and incision formation. We applied Mass-Spring System (MSS) to model human soft tissue and introduced its topology; during deformation process, Runge-Kutta Method (RKM) was adopted after its comparison with Euler and Midpoint Method and a dynamical local deformation method was proposed based on RKM. Frame rate per second (FPS) of local and global deformation is also compared. In the cutting process, three methods, namely method based on deleting mesh, MSS-based element meshing method and active points moving cutting triangle mesh algorithm method, were compared and a conclusion was drawn. For this conclusion, we proposed, for the first time, a new incision formation method based on local Bezier Curve. The experimental results indicated that this method can better balance the contradiction between real-time characteristic and precision and present very good simulation effects.
The Application of Polynomials over the Field of Two Elements to a Problem in Intellectual Property

It is a routine task to convert a digital circuit to a system of polynomial equations over GF(2). A very well-studied set of tools called “SAT-solvers”, which solve Conjunctive Normal Form logicalsatisfiability problems, can be used to determine if two circuits are equivalent, as is commonly done in computer engineering. An interesting problem in intellectual property is to determine if two circuits are identical but after some unknown permutation of the inputs and outputs. This could be of interest if a manufacturer suspects his encryption circuit has been stolen. While this is easily shown to be a sub-problem of the famously hard “isomorphism of polynomials” problem, we show that in fact it can be easily solved via conversion to a polynomial system of equations over GF(2), and is only slightly harder than if the permutations were in fact known.
SPECIFYING AGENCY The Comaroffs and Their Critics

This article addresses the debate over whether or not the Of Revelation and Revolution (RR) project has, compared to earlier Comaroff ethnography, adequately addressed issues of Tswana 'agency. ' I argue that the idea of agency encompasses several dimensions, that the RR project largely addresses one of them – cultural reworking of missionary ideas and projects – at the expense of others, especially Tswana projects and agendas that are not primarily reactive to missionary endeavors.
Time-dependent Evolution of Quasi-spherical, Self-gravitating Accretion Flow

A self-similar solution for the time evolution of quasi-spherical, self-gravitating accretion flows is obtained under the assumption that the heat generated by viscosity is retained in the flow. The solutions are parameterized by the ratio of the mass of the accreting gas to the central object mass and the viscosity coefficient. While the density and the pressure are obtained simply by solving a set of ordinary differential equations, the radial and the rotational velocities are presented analytically. Profiles of the density and the rotational velocities show two distinct features. A low-density outer accreting flow with a relatively flat rotation velocity surrounds an inner high-density region. In the inner part, the rotational velocity increases from the center to a transition radius that separates the inner and outer portions. We show that the behavior of the solutions in the inner region depends on the ratio of the heat capacities, γ, and on the viscosity coefficient, α.