Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risky behavior during stair descent for young adults: Differences in men versus women

Injuries commonly occur on stairs, with high injury rates in young adults, especially young women. High injury rates could result from physiological and/or behavioral differences; this study focuses on behaviors. The purposes of this observational study were (1) to quantify young adult behaviors during stair descent and (2) to identify differences in stair descent behavior for young adult men versus women. Young adult pedestrians (N = 2,400, 1,470 men and 930 women) were videotaped during descent of two indoor campus staircases, a short staircase (2 steps) and a long staircase (17 steps). Behaviors during stair descent were coded by experimenters. Risky behaviors observed on the short staircase included: No one used the handrail, 16.1% used an electronic device, and 16.4% had in-person conversations. On the long staircase: 64.8% of pedestrians did not use the handrail, 11.9% used an electronic device, and 14.5% had in-person conversations. Risky behaviors observed more in women included: less likely to use the handrail (long staircase), more likely to carry an item in their hands (both staircases), more likely to engage in conversation (both staircases), and more likely to wear sandals or heels (both staircases) (p≤0.05). Protective behaviors observed more in women included: less likely to skip steps (both staircases), and more likely to look at treads during transition steps (long staircase) (p≤0.05). The number of co-occurring risky behaviors was higher in women: 1.9 vs 2.3, for men vs women, respectively (p<0.001). Five pedestrians lost balance but did not fall; four of these pedestrians lost balance on the top step and all five had their gaze diverted from the steps at the time balance was lost. The observed behaviors may be related to the high injury rate of stair-related falls in young adults, and young women specifically.
Development of an automatic device performing chest compression and external defibrillation: An animal-based pilot study

Background Automatic chest compression devices (ACCDs) can promote high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and are widely used worldwide. Early application of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) along with high-quality CPR is crucial for favorable outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest. Here, we developed an automated CPR (A-CPR) apparatus that combines ACCD and AED and evaluated its performance in a pilot animal-based study. Methods Eleven pigs (n = 5, A-CPR group; n = 6, ACCD CPR and AED [conventional CPR (C-CPR)] group) were enrolled in this study. After 2 min observation without any treatment following ventricular fibrillation induction, CPR with a 30:2 compression/ventilation ratio was performed for 6 min, mimicking basic life support (BLS). A-CPR or C-CPR was applied immediately after BLS, and resuscitation including chest compression and defibrillation, was performed following a voice prompt from the A-CPR device or AED. Hemodynamic parameters, including aortic pressure, right atrial pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, carotid blood flow, and end-tidal carbon dioxide, were monitored during resuscitation. Time variables, including time to start rhythm analysis, time to charge, time to defibrillate, and time to subsequent chest compression, were also measured. Results There were no differences in baseline characteristics, except for arterial carbon dioxide pressure (39 in A-CPR vs. 33 in C-CPR, p = 0.034), between the two groups. There were no differences in hemodynamic parameters between the groups. However, time to charge (28.9 ± 5.6 s, A-CPR group; 47.2 ± 12.4 s, C-CPR group), time to defibrillate (29.1 ± 7.2 s, A-CPR group; 50.5 ± 12.3 s, C-CPR group), and time to subsequent chest compression (32.4 ± 6.3 s, A-CPR group; 56.3 ± 10.7 s, C-CPR group) were shorter in the A-CPR group than in the C-CPR group (p = 0.015, 0.034 and 0.02 respectively). Conclusions A-CPR can provide effective chest compressions and defibrillation, thereby shortening the time required for defibrillation.
Imaging feature-based clustering of financial time series

Timeseries representation underpin our ability to understand and predict the change of natural system. Series are often predicated on our choice of highly redundant factors, and in fact, the system is driven by a much smaller set of latent intrinsic keys. It means that a better representation of data makes points in phase space clearly for researchers. Specially, a 2D structure of timeseries could combine the trend and correlation characters of different periods in timeseries together, which provides more clear information for top tasks. In this work, the effectiveness of 2D structure of timeseries is investigated in clustering tasks. There are 4 kinds of methods that the Recurrent Plot (RP), the Gramian Angular Summation Field (GASF), the Gramian Angular Differential Field (GADF) and the Markov Transition Field (MTF) have been adopted in the analysis. By classifying the CSI300 and S&P500 indexes, we found that the RP imaging series are valid in recognizing abnormal fluctuations of financial timeseries, as the silhouette values of clusters are over 0.6 to 1. Compared with segment methods, the 2D models have the lowest instability value of 0. It verifies that the SIFT features of RP images take advantage of the volatility of financial series for clustering tasks.
Multi-tiered approach to detect autoimmune cross-reactivity of therapeutic T cell receptors

T cell receptor (TCR)–engineered T cell therapy using high-affinity TCRs is a promising treatment modality for cancer. Discovery of high-affinity TCRs especially against self-antigens can require approaches that circumvent central tolerance, which may increase the risk of cross-reactivity. Despite the potential for toxicity, no standardized approach to screen cross-reactivity has been established in the context of preclinical safety evaluation. Here, we describe a practical framework to prospectively detect clinically prohibitive cross-reactivity of therapeutic TCR candidates. Cross-reactivity screening consisted of multifaceted series of assays including assessment of p-MHC tetramer binding, cell line recognition, and reactivity against candidate peptide libraries. Peptide libraries were generated using conventional contact residue motif–guided search, amino acid substitution matrix–based search unguided by motif information, and combinatorial peptide library scan–guided search. We demonstrate the additive nature of a layered approach, which efficiently identifies unsafe cross-reactivity including one undetected by conventional motif-guided search. These findings have important implications for the safe development of TCR-based therapies.
Understanding overall efficiency of hydrostatic pumps and motors

ABSTRACT Pump and motor efficiency is a complex subject, to such an extent that most of the available models describing efficiency today rely on experimental data. In spite of that, mathematical models relating efficiency to pressure and angular speed have been proposed throughout the years. In all these models, volumetric and mechanical efficiencies are separately built from flow and torque losses relations. The overall efficiency model is then obtained by multiplying the volumetric and the mechanical efficiency equations. In this paper, we show that the overall efficiency equations must be developed from an energy balance and show that the simple multiplication of mechanical and volumetric efficiencies can potentially lead to inaccurate results. We then obtain a generalised equation relating the overall efficiency to pressure and angular speed for both pumps and motors and show how the resulting model can be fitted to actual experimental data.
Spontaneous urinary bladder regeneration after subtotal cystectomy increases YAP/WWTR1 signaling and downstream BDNF expression: Implications for smooth muscle injury responses

Rodents have the capacity for spontaneous bladder regeneration and bladder smooth muscle cell (BSMC) migration following a subtotal cystectomy (STC). YAP/WWTR1 and BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) play crucial roles in development and regeneration. During partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBO), excessive YAP/WWTR1 signaling and BDNF expression increases BSMC hypertrophy and dysfunction. YAP/WWTR1 and expression of BDNF and CYR61 were examined in models of regeneration and wound repair. Live cell microscopy was utilized in an ex vivo model of STC to visualize cell movement and division. In Sprague-Dawley female rats, STC was performed by resection of the bladder dome sparing the trigone, followed by closure of the bladder. Smooth muscle migration and downstream effects on signaling and expression were also examined after scratch wound of BSMC with inhibitors of YAP and BDNF signaling. Sham, PBO and incision (cystotomy) were comparators for the STC model. Scratch wound in vitro increased SMC migration and expression of BDNF, CTGF and CYR61 in a YAP/WWTR1-dependent manner. Inhibition of YAP/WWTR1 and BDNF signaling reduced scratch-induced migration. BDNF and CYR61 expression was elevated during STC and PBO. STC induces discrete genes associated with endogenous de novo cell regeneration downstream of YAP/WWTR1 activation.
Worldviews and the role of social values that underlie them

In today’s ideologically diverse world, it is pertinent to have a better understanding of how our beliefs of the social world shape our thinking and behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key social values that underlie particular sets of beliefs, referred to here as worldviews. Worldviews encompass beliefs that shape one’s outlook on life and are, therefore, instrumental in providing meaning to one’s reality and one’s understanding as to how one fits in it. They can be classified into five unique types, namely, Localised, Orthodox, Pragmatist, Reward, and Survivor. In this paper we start by proposing a theoretical relationship between this five-factor typology and social values. Following this, we present findings that show that worldviews may be mapped onto the two higher order value dimensions of Openness to Change versus Conservation, and Self-transcendence versus Self-Enhancement. We conclude by outlining the implications that these findings have on understanding individual cognition and society in general.
Optimal planning and allocation of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles charging stations using a novel hybrid optimization technique

India’s expanding population has necessitated the development of alternate transportation methods with electric vehicles (EVs) being the most indigenous and need for the current scenario. The major hindrance is the undue influence on the power distribution system caused by incorrect charging station setup. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have a lower environmental impact than the non-renewable sources of energy and due to which Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) charging stations are installed in the highest-ranking buses to facilitate their effective placements. Based on meta-heuristic optimization, this study offers an effective PHEV charging stations allocation approach for RES applications. The primary objective of the developed system is to create a charging network at a reasonable cost while maintaining the operational features of the distribution network. These troublesare handled by applying meta-heuristic algorithms and optimum planning based on renewable energy systems to satisfy the outcomes of the variables. As a result, by adding charging station parameters, this research proposes to conceptualize the distribution of optimal charging stationsas multiple-objectives of the problem. Furthermore, the PHEV RES and charging station location problem is handled in this study by deploying a novel hybrid algorithm termed as Atom Search Woven Aquila Optimization Algorithm (AT-AQ) that includes the ideas of both Aquila Optimizer (AO) and Atom Search Optimization (ASO) Algorithms. In reality, Aquila Optimizer is a unique population-based optimization approach energized by Aquila’s behaviour when seeking prey and it solves the problems of slow convergence and local optimum trapping. According to the findings of the experiments, the proposed model outperformed the other methods in terms of minimized cost function.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF P53 GENE USING UNWEIGHTED PAIR GROUP METHOD WITH ARITHMETIC MEAN AND NEIGHBOR JOINING METHODS.

The p53 molecular network is a master regulator of cellular process and control various signaling pathway, including cell apoptosis, senescence, cellular growth and DNA repair mechanism. Many species have evolved with unique environmental and genetic responses, we tested the related hypothesis that the evolutionary dynamics of, and mode of selection on, genes within the p53 network differs between human and other species, and that these differences may underlie the evolution of p53 in different species. The sequence of human tumor protein p53 (TP53), mRNA, complete cds sequence was retrieved from the NCBI in FASTA format and was studied for its relationship and percent similarity within human and others species. Variation in p53 gene in human and comparative analysis were studied in detail. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and neighbor joining (NJ) methods and revealed the relationships and percent similarity of Homo sapiens TP53, mRNA, complete cds among different organisms especially with monkey, guinea pig, golden hamster, tupaia, whale, rabbit, pig, cat, sheep and cattle. We observed that positive selection of TP53 gene during the divergence of different species during evolution. clusters showing their evolution relationship with each other and NJ tree reveals different clade showing their evolutionary distance within different species. The sequences which lie in the same cluster are closely related.
Brains vs Brawn: Relative brain size is sexually dimorphic amongst weapon bearing ruminants

Abstract Here, we investigate the relationship between relative brain size and sexual weapons in ruminants. In most cases, sexual weaponry is heavily male-biased, and costs resulting from growing, maintaining, or wielding weapons are suffered primarily by males. We used phylogenetic comparative analyses to test whether increased investment in sexual weapon size (tusks, antlers, and horns) across four families (Tragulidae, Moschidae, Cervidae, and Bovidae) was associated with decrease in relative brain size and whether the difference in weapon investment relative to conspecific females led to sexual differences in relative brain size. We found no relationship between relative brain size and relative weapon size within males or females, but when we compared males directly to conspecific females, we found that as males invested more in larger weaponry relative to females, they had smaller brain sizes relative to females, regardless of weapon type. Our findings suggest greater investment in some types of elaborate weapons in males, and larger brain sizes in females. We discuss the possibility that larger brain sizes in females could be due to female sociality, lower investment in weaponry, or enhancing female assessment of male traits. Significance statement We took measurements of antlers, horns, and tusks from skulls of both males and females, as well as brain volume and looked at the relationship between relative weapon size and relative brain size. Our work found support that bearing large, exaggerated sexually selected weapons results in a sexually dimorphic relationship with relative brain size: when males invest more in sexual weaponry, females invest more in relative brain size. Given that most studies largely are focused on tradeoffs solely within one sex, our study compares the relationship between sexes to measure sexual dimorphic investment. The evolution of weaponry in ruminants is one of the most widely studied topics of the last 70 years and this study yields new support for the possible presence of sexual dimorphic trade-offs amongst sexually selected traits.
Fast pixelated sensors for radiation detection and imaging based on quantum confined structures in III/V semiconductors

In order to improve the characterisation of the delivered beams in many types of photon sources, innovative beam profilers based on III/V semiconductor materials (InGaAs/InAlAs) have been deeply investigated. Owing to a tunable and direct band gap these devices allow radiation detection in a wide spectral range. In order to increase the sensitivity of the device in radiation detection charge amplification on the sensor level is implemented. This is obtained by exploiting In0.75Ga0. 25As/In0.75Al0. 25As quantum wells (QW) hosting a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) through molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Internal charge-amplification mechanism can be achieved for very low applied voltages, while the high carrier mobility allows the design of very fast photon detectors with sub-nanosecond response times. This technology has been preliminarily exploited to fabricate prototype beam profilers with a strip geometry (with 50-μm-wide strips). Tests were carried out both with conventional X-ray tubes and at the Elettra synchrotron facility. The results testify how these profilers are capable of reconstructing the shape of the beam, as well as estimating the position of the beam centroid with a precision of about 400 nm. Further measurements with different samples of decreasing thickness have shown how this precision could be further improved by an optimised microfabrication. For this reason a new design, based on a membrane-photodetector, is proposed. Results regarding the spatial resolution as function of the sensor thickness will be presented and discussed.
Nonlinear properties of phase-sensitive fiber-optic parametric amplifiers for signal processing

La capacite et les performances des systemes a fibres optiques et photoniques dependent fortement du bruit et des non-linearites des amplificateurs optiques. Dans ce contexte, les amplificateurs parametriques a fibre optique (PS-FOPA), reposant sur le melange a quatre ondes dans les fibres optiques, surpassent les amplificateurs conventionnels insensibles a la phase. En effet, leur sensibilite a la phase peut etre exploitee pour l'amplification sans bruit et al compensation de la distortion non-lineaire. En conjonction avec leur large spectre de gain et d'autres fonctionnalites telles que la conversion de longueur d'onde, ils sont consideres comme des candidats prometteurs pour la prochaine generation d'amplificateurs optiques pour les communications et le traitement de signal tout optiques.Le PS-FOPA est classiquement decrit par les equations d'ondes couplees, derivees de l'equation de Schrodinger non-lineaire qui ne contiennent que trois ou quatre ondes en interaction. Cependant, dans un cas plus general, l'apparition de frequences supplementaires d’ordre plus eleve affectera inevitablement la sensibilite en phase.L’objectif de cette these est d'etudier de maniere approfondie les proprietes non-lineaires, en termes de gain et de sensibilite en phase d'un PS-FOPA degenere a double pompe pour differentes configurations. Une analyse numerique plus precise est obtenue en utilisant le modele a 7 ondes qui incorpore les ondes supplementaires issues de processus de melange a quatre ondes d’ordre eleve. Ce modele permet de donner une interpretation physique plus precise des interactions multi-ondes en fonction des conditions d'accord de phase, revelant les relations sous-jacentes entre la dispersion et la sensibilite de phase. De plus, la capacite de regeneration simultanee de phase et d'amplitude d'un PS-FOPA basique est evaluee pour l'optimisation globale. Il permet d'exploiter pleinement la capacite potentielle d'un PS-FOPA de base agissant comme un bloc de construction fondamental des futures fonctionnalites tout optiques. L’approche basee sur ce modele permet une optimisation orientee vers l’application et revet une importance particuliere pour la conception et l'optimisation de tels PS-FOPAs dans divers scenarios.
Pre-pregnancy and pregnancy disorders, pre-term birth and the risk of cerebral palsy: a population-based study

Abstract Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of childhood physical disability whose aetiology remains unclear in most cases. Maternal pre-existing and pregnancy complications are recognized risk factors of CP but the extent to which their effects are mediated by pre-term birth is unknown. Methods Population-based cohort study in Sweden including 2 055 378 singleton infants without congenital abnormalities, born between 1999 and 2019. Data on maternal and pregnancy characteristics and diagnoses of CP were obtained by individual record linkages of nationwide Swedish registries. Exposure was defined as maternal pre-pregnancy and pregnancy disorders. Inpatient and outpatient diagnoses were obtained for CP after 27 days of age. Adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) were calculated, along with 95% CIs. Results A total of 515 771 (25%) offspring were exposed to maternal pre-existing chronic disorders and 3472 children with CP were identified for a cumulative incidence of 1.7 per 1000 live births. After adjusting for potential confounders, maternal chronic cardiovascular or metabolic disorders, other chronic diseases, mental health disorders and early-pregnancy obesity were associated with 1.89-, 1.24-, 1.26- and 1.35-times higher risk (aRRs) of CP, respectively. Most notably, offspring exposed to maternal antepartum haemorrhage had a 6-fold elevated risk of CP (aRR 5.78, 95% CI, 5.00–6.68). Mediation analysis revealed that ∼50% of the effect of these associations was mediated by pre-term delivery; however, increased risks were also observed among term infants. Conclusions Exposure to pre-existing maternal chronic disorders and pregnancy-related complications increases the risk of CP in offspring. Although most infants with CP were born at term, pre-term delivery explained 50% of the overall effect of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy disorders on CP.
The Chiral Dirac-Hartree-Fock Approximation in QHD with Scalar Vertex Corrections

A self-consistent chiral Dirac-Hartree-Fock (CDHF) approximation generated by an effective model of the (σ, ω, π) quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) is extended to include Lorentz-scalar self-consistent vertex corrections. The scalar vertex corrections are constructed with self-consistency of QHD and Bethe-Salpeter equation, and the resulting vertex corrections are diagrammatically equivalent to self-consistent Hedin approximation, which is termed Hedin-Dirac-Hartree-Fock (HDHF) approximation. The effective model of the (σ, ω, π) quantum hadrodynamics maintains the requirement of thermodynamic consistency and density-functional theory (DFT) to a good approximation. The HDFT approximation is applied to properties of nuclear matter and neutron stars.
A novel esophageal retractor with eccentric balloon during atrial fibrillation ablation

Due to the anatomically adjacent relationship between the left atrium (LA) and esophagus, energy delivery on the posterior wall of LA is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a novel esophageal retractor (SAFER) with an inflatable C‐curve balloon during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.