Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety Guide-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Network Security Applications

Most of the typical reinforcement learning algorithms help wireless devices choose the security policy by exploring all the possible state-action pairs including the risky policies that cause a severe collision or network disaster. In this paper, we design a safe reinforcement learning algorithm for network security applications to guide the learning agent to avoid exploring risky policies. This algorithm designs a safety guide to modify the chosen policy that results in dangerous status, in which the safety guide includes a risk alarm module that evaluates the immediate warning value corresponding to the risk of each state-action pair and a G-network that estimates the long-term risk value. This algorithm uses the immediate warning value to formulate a safe buffer and a risky buffer for the G-network updating to ensure full exploration in the initial learning process. As a case study, we apply the designed algorithm in a cargo transportation system, verifying the effectiveness of our algorithm compared with the benchmark.
Applying Spectrum-Based Fault Localization to Android Applications

The pressing demand for high-quality mobile applications has a major influence on Software Engineering practices, such as testing and debugging. The variety of mobile platforms is permeated with different resources related to communication capabilities, sensors, and user-controlled options. As a result, applications may exhibit unexpected behaviors and resource interactions can introduce failures that manifest themselves in specific resource combinations. These failures can affect the quality of mobile applications and degrade the user experience. To reduce human effort of manual debugging, several techniques have been proposed and developed aiming to partially or fully automate fault localization. Fault localization techniques, such as Spectrum-based Fault Localization (SBFL), identify suspicious faulty program elements related to a software failure. However, we still lack empirical knowledge about the applicability of fault localization techniques in the context of mobile applications, specifically considering resource interaction failures. To address this problem, this paper evaluates the use of SBFL aiming to locate faults in 8 Android applications and verify the sensitivity of SBFL to variations in resource interactions. We rely on mutation testing to simulate faults and on the Ochiai coefficient as an indicator of the suspicious faulty code. Our results indicate that SBFL is able to rank more than 75% of the faulty code in 6 out of 8 applications. We also observed that the ranking of suspicious code varies depending on the combination of enabled resources (e.g., Wi-Fi and Location) in the mobile applications.
Efficient Air Quality Imputation with Transformer

Air quality is a crucial environmental issue worldwide. The missing values in air quality datasets often impede further forecasting. To address this challenge, a transformer based model with spatio-temporal masked attention is proposed for simultaneous imputations of air quality values from multiple stations. Extensive experiments are conducted on a real dataset from Beijing city, demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model.
ALL: Supporting Experiential Accessibility Education and Inclusive Software Development

Creating accessible software is imperative for making software inclusive for all users. Unfortunately, the topic of accessibility is frequently excluded from computing education, leading to scenarios where students are unaware of either how to develop accessible software or see the need to create it. To address this challenge, we have created a set of educational labs that are systematically designed to not only inform students about fundamental topics in producing accessible software but also demonstrate its importance. Over the previous year, these labs were included in several Computer Science 2 (CS2) offerings at The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), comprising a total of 500 student participants. This paper discusses instructional observations from these offerings, some of which include: I) Many of the research findings from previous efforts remain true with the larger, more diverse evaluation, II) That our created material and format reduced students’ belief that creating accessible software was difficult in relation to the baseline, III) We observed that our created material and format benefited student opinion that creating accessible software is important, and IV) Computing majors may not be uniformly impacted by experiential educational accessibility material. The educational labs are publicly available on the project website: https://all.rit. edu
Frontiers of Aerothermodynamics

Abstract : Desirable directions of future research in the field of aerothermodynamics are described. The possible future human endeavors in high speed flight and likely problems needing to be solved therein are enumerated. This includes flights in Earth s atmosphere, entry flights into outer planets, and radiation and ablation phenomena. Recommendations are made as to how these problems could be approached.
The use of textural features on the polarimetric SAR image classification

In this work the potentiality of the textural information that polarimetric SIR- C data can provide to discriminate some types of land use is studied. That information is extracted from the data by using statistical and distributional measures. The Euclidean distance is used to select the best set of features for discriminating classes of interest. Features bands (textural bands) are built by filtering the images, and they are used as channels on ICM classification. The discriminatory power of the selected features is assessed by analyzing the classification results, which are evaluated using the confusion matrix and the Kappa coefficient of agreement. The results show that the textural information, as well as the tonal information provided by these images are very important to discriminate the land use under study.
A Versatile Stochastic Duel Game

This paper deals with a standard stochastic game model with a continuum of states under the duel-type setup. It newly proposes a hybrid model of game theory and the fluctuation process, which could be applied for various practical decision making situations. The unique theoretical stochastic game model is targeted to analyze a two-person duel-type game in the time domain. The parameters for strategic decisions including the moments of crossings, prior crossings, and the optimal number of iterations to get the highest winning chance are obtained by the compact closed joint functional. This paper also demonstrates the usage of a new time based stochastic game model by analyzing a conventional duel game model in the distance domain and briefly explains how to build strategies for an atypical business case to show how this theoretical model works.
Experimental study and simulation of cyclic softening of tempered martensite ferritic steels

The present work focuses on the high temperature mechanical behaviour of 9%Cr tempered martensite steels, considered as potential candidates for structural components in future Generation IV nuclear power plants. Already used for energy production in fossil power plants, they are sensitive to softening during high-temperature cycling and creep-fatigue. This phenomenon is coupled to a pronounced microstructural degradation: vanishing of subgrain boundaries, decrease in dislocation density, nucleation and/or growth of precipitates and new phases. This study aims at (i) linking the macroscopic cyclic softening of 9%Cr steels and their microstructural evolution during cycling and (ii) proposing a physically-based modelling of deformation mechanisms in order to predict the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of these steels during cycling. Mechanical study including uniaxial tensile tests and cycling at 550 °C was performed on a Grade 92 steel (9Cr-0,5Mo-1,8W-V-Nb). Examination of tensile specimens suggested that the physical mechanism responsible for softening is mainly the evolution of mean subgrain size, which increases by more than 15 % compared to the as-received state. The evolution of macroscopic stress during cycling shows that cyclic softening is due to the decrease in kinematic hardening. TEM observations highlighted that the mean subgrain size increases by 65 to 95 % while the dislocation density decreases by more than 50 % during cycling, compared to the as-received state. A self-consistent homogenization model based on polycrystalline elastoviscoplasticity, predicting the mechanical behaviour of the material and its microstructural evolution during deformation is proposed. This model takes the physical deformation mechanisms into account and only two adjustable parameters (activation energy and activation volume) linked to the viscoplastic deformation mechanisms are used. The value of other parameters were either experimentally measured or deduced from computations available in literature. The model correctly predicts the macroscopic softening behaviour and gives a good trend of the microstructural evolution during cycling. The parametrical study shows that the predictions of the model are rather stable with respect to the variation of the physically-based parameters. Finally, some hypotheses which permit us to improve the model are presented and torsion tests (with or without constant superimposed tensile stress) are modeled.
The rocks of Mars, from far and near

Abstract— The age, structure, composition, and petrogenesis of the martian lithosphere have been constrained by spacecraft imagery and remote sensing. How well do martian meteorites conform to expectations derived from this geologic context? Both data sets indicate a thick, extensive igneous crust formed very early in the planet's history. The composition of the ancient crust is predominantly basaltic, possibly andesitic in part, with sediments derived from volcanic rocks. Later plume eruptions produced igneous centers like Tharsis, the composition of which cannot be determined because of spectral obscuration by dust. Martian meteorites (except Allan Hills 84001) are inferred to have come from volcanic flows in Tharsis or Elysium, and thus are not petrologically representative of most of the martian surface. Remote‐sensing measurements cannot verify the fractional crystallization and assimilation that have been documented in meteorites, but subsurface magmatic processes are consistent with orbital imagery indicating thick crust and large, complex magma chambers beneath Tharsis volcanoes. Meteorite ejection ages are difficult to reconcile with plausible impact histories for Mars, and oversampling of young terrains suggests either that only coherent igneous rocks can survive the ejection process or that older surfaces cannot transmit the required shock waves. The mean density and moment of inertia calculated from spacecraft data are roughly consistent with the proportions and compositions of mantle and core estimated from martian meteorites. Thermal models predicting the absence of crustal recycling, and the chronology of the planetary magnetic field agree with conclusions from radiogenic isotopes and paleomagnetism in martian meteorites. However, lack of vigorous mantle convection, as inferred from meteorite geochemistry, seems inconsistent with their derivation from the Tharsis or Elysium plumes. Geological and meteoritic data provide conflicting information on the planet's volatile inventory and degassing history, but are apparently being reconciled in favor of a periodically wet Mars. Spacecraft measurements suggesting that rocks have been chemically weathered and have interacted with recycled saline groundwater are confirmed by weathering products and stable isotope fractionations in martian meteorites.
Achieving the Bayes Error Rate in Synchronization and Block Models by SDP, Robustly

We study the statistical performance of semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations for clustering under random graph models. Under the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {Z}_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Synchronization model, Censored Block Model (CBM) and Stochastic Block Model (SBM), we show that SDP achieves an error rate of the form <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\exp [-(1-o(1)) \bar { n}{ {I}^{*}}]$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Here <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \bar { n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is an appropriate multiple of the number of nodes and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${ {I}^{*}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is an information-theoretic measure of the signal-to-noise ratio. We provide matching lower bounds on the Bayes error for each model and therefore demonstrate that the SDP approach is Bayes optimal. As a corollary, our results imply that SDP achieves the optimal exact recovery threshold under each model. Furthermore, we show that SDP is robust: the above bound remains valid under semirandom versions of the models in which the observed graph is modified by a monotone adversary. Our proof is based on a novel primal-dual analysis of SDP under a unified framework for all three models, and the analysis shows that SDP tightly approximates a joint majority voting procedure.
Modélisation spatio-temporelle de la pollution atmosphérique urbaine à partir d'un réseau de surveillance de la qualité de l'air

Cette etude est consacree a la modelisation spatio-temporelle de la pollution atmospherique urbaine en utilisant un ensemble de methodes statistiques exploitant les mesures de concentrations de polluants (NO2, O3) fournies par un reseau de surveillance de la qualite de l'air (AIRPARIF). Le principal objectif vise est l'amelioration de la cartographie des champs de concentration de polluants (le domaine d'interet etant la region d'Ile-de-France) en utilisant, d'une part, des methodes d'interpolation basees sur la structure spatiale ou spatio-temporelle des observations (krigeage spatial ou spatio-temporel), et d'autre part, des algorithmes, prenant en compte les mesures, pour corriger les sorties d'un modele deterministe (Filtre de Kalman d'Ensemble). Les resultats obtenus montrent que dans le cas du dioxyde d'azote la cartographie basee uniquement sur l'interpolation spatiale (le krigeage) conduit a des resultats satisfaisants, car la repartition spatiale des stations est bonne. En revanche, pour l'ozone, c'est l'assimilation sequentielle de donnees appliquee au modele (CHIMERE) qui permet une meilleure reconstitution de la forme et de la position du panache pendant les episodes de forte pollution analyses. En complement de la cartographie, un autre but de ce travail est d'effectuer localement la prevision des niveaux d'ozone sur un horizon de 24 heures. L'approche choisie est celle mettant en œuvre des methodes de type reseaux neuronaux. Les resultats obtenus en appliquant deux types d'architectures neuronales indiquent une precision correcte surtout pour les 8 premieres heures de l'horizon de prediction
Fusion d'images en télédétection satellitaire

Earth observation satellites provide multispectral and panchromatic data having different spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric resolutions. The fusion of a panchromatic image having high spatial but low spectral resolutions with multispectral images having low spatial but high spectral resolutions is a key issue in many remote sensing applications that require both high spatial and high spectral resolutions. The fused image may provide feature enhancement, and classification accuracy increase. These image processing techniques are known as pan-sharpening or resolution fusion techniques. In this thesis three algorithms are proposed for pansharpening. In the component substitution category, our main contribution consists in using the IHS transform and boosting the Green band in the vegetated areas. In this case, two algorithms were proposed. In the first one the vegetation is detected using the NDVI index and the boosting is done before the fusion process. In contrast, for the second algorithm the boosting is done after the fusion process and the vegetation is delineated using a new index (HRNDVI) proposed for high resolution images. HRNDVI is used in vegetation extraction even in the complex urban case where the vegetation is scattered. Hence, a new method, using HRNDVI, was proposed and tested to extract vegetation. The third pansharpening algorithm is included in the multiresolution category based on the NSCT transform. The improvement is assured by using a low number of decomposition levels for multispectral images and a high number of decomposition levels for the panchromatic image. This strategy allows getting satisfying visual and quantitative results. Moreover, the contribution of the thesis is also about the quality assessment of the obtained pansharpened images. Thus, a new protocol for evaluating the quality is proposed. According to the application under consideration, it can be adjusted to favour the spectral or the spatial qualities.
The global technology revolution China, in-depth analyses : emerging technology opportunities for the Tianjin Binhai new area (TBNA) and the Tianjin economic-technological development area (TEDA)

China's Tianjin Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area commissioned a technology-foresight study to help them plan for economic growth. The authors recommend seven emerging technology applications (TAs)--solar energy, mobile communications, rapid bioassays, new water-purification systems, molecular-scale drugs, electric and hybrid vehicles, and green manufacturing--and describe drivers, barriers, and plans for each.
Functional Characterization of the Recombinant N‐Methyltransferase Domain from the Multienzyme Enniatin Synthetase

A 51 kDa fusion protein incorporating the N‐methyltransferase domain of the multienzyme enniatin synthetase from Fusarium scirpi was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein was purified and found to bind S‐adenosyl methionine (AdoMet) as demonstrated by cross‐linking experiments with 14C‐methyl‐AdoMet under UV irradiation. Cofactor binding at equilibrium conditions was followed by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy, and the native conformation of the methyltransferase was assigned. STD NMR spectroscopy yielded significant signals for H2 and H8 of the adenine moiety, H1’ of D‐ribose, and SCH3 group of AdoMet. Methyl group transfer catalyzed by the enzyme was demonstrated by using aminoacyl‐N‐acetylcysteamine thioesters (aminoacyl‐SNACs) of L‐Val, L‐Ile, and L‐Leu, which mimic the natural substrate amino acids of enniatin synthetase presented by the enzyme bound 4′‐phosphopantetheine arm. In these experiments the enzyme was incubated in the presence of the corresponding aminoacyl‐SNAC and 14C‐methyl‐AdoMet for various lengths of time, for up to 30 min. N‐[14C‐Methyl]‐aminoacyl‐SNAC products were extracted with EtOAc and separated by TLC. Acid hydrolysis of the isolated labeled compounds yielded the corresponding N‐[14C‐methyl] amino acids. Further proof for the formation of N‐14C‐methyl‐aminoacyl‐SNACs came from MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry which yielded 23 212 Da for N‐methyl‐valyl‐SNAC, accompanied by the expected postsource decay (PSD) pattern. Interestingly, L‐Phe, which is not a substrate amino acid of enniatin synthetase, also proved to be a methyl group acceptor. D‐Val was not accepted as a substrate; this indicates selectivity for the L isomer.
Promoting activity, independence and stability in early dementia and mild cognitive impairment (PrAISED): development of an intervention for people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia

This series of articles for rehabilitation in practice aims to cover a knowledge element of the rehabilitation medicine curriculum. Nevertheless, they are intended to be of interest to a multidisciplinary audience. The competency addressed in this article is an understanding of how to develop an intervention for people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia to promote their independence, stability, and physical activity. Introduction: Older adults with dementia are at a high risk of falls. Standard interventions have not been shown to be effective in this patient population potentially due to poor consideration of dementia-specific risk factors. An intervention is required that addresses the particular needs of older people with dementia in a community setting. Methods: We followed guidelines for the development of an intervention, which recommend a structured approach considering theory, evidence and practical issues. The process used 15 information sources. Data from literature reviews, clinician workshops, expert opinion meetings, patient-relative interviews, focus groups with people with dementia and clinicians, a cross-sectional survey of risk factors, a pre-post intervention study and case studies were included. Data were synthesized using triangulation to produce an intervention suitable for feasibility testing. Practical consideration of how an intervention could be delivered and implemented were considered from the outset. Results: Elements of the intervention included individually tailored, dementia-appropriate, balance, strength and dual-task exercises, functional training, and activities aimed at improving environmental access, delivered using a motivational approach to support adherence and long-term continuation of activity. We focussed on promoting safe activity rather than risk or prevention of falls. Conclusion: We used a systematic process to develop a dementia-specific intervention to promote activity and independence while reducing falls risk in older adults with mild dementia.
Boceprevir: A Novel NS3/4 Protease Inhibitor for the Treatment of Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects over 170 million people worldwide and is the most common blood‐borne infection in the United States. Standard treatment with peginterferon alfa–ribavirin results in low sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in many patients, especially those who are African‐American, are coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or have liver cirrhosis. Because of suboptimal SVR rates, new direct‐acting antiviral agents that target HCV viral replication steps are in development. Boceprevir is one of the novel NS3/4A protease inhibitors that was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We evaluated the literature regarding boceprevir by performing a MEDLINE search (January 1996–July 2011) to identify relevant clinical trials. Abstracts and poster and oral presentations from hepatology and HIV conferences were also reviewed. Potent anti‐HCV activity was seen in clinical trials with boceprevir when it was studied in HCV genotype 1‐infected patients who were naïve to or had experience with HCV therapy. Data with boceprevir in HIV–HCV‐coinfected patients are currently lacking; however, initial data on drug–drug interactions between boceprevir and antiretrovirals have become available. Resistance to boceprevir has been evaluated in trials as well, although more data are needed in this area. The most common adverse events with boceprevir included anemia and dysgeusia. Based on available data, boceprevir is one of the promising novel direct‐acting antiviral agents that will likely reshape the treatment of patients with HCV infection.