Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bio-inspired Event Based Motion Detection for Traffic Safety in a Close-Real Automotive Environment

In this paper a bio-inspired and automotive-compliant system for traffic safety is presented. This work is the first complete application of Address Event Representation (AER) techniques to a real world problem in an automotive environment. The main goal is to detect hands driver activity in the driving wheel area. Our system is based on AER, where the more relevant visual information in the image is first processed. Different pixel activity detection and AER event generation methods have been deeply evaluated. Obtained results are compared with a classical computer vision system based on JPEG transmission. It has been proved that for the scan AER event generation method the performance over JPEG is improved. As our work results show, AER technology could be an effective alternative to be considered in real world conditions. Promising results have been obtained in an automotive-compliant environment.
Postnatal depression and its effects on child development: a review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries.

INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND It is well established that postnatal depression (PND) is prevalent in high-income countries and is associated with negative personal, family and child developmental outcomes. SOURCES OF DATA Here, studies on the prevalence of maternal PND in low- and middle-income countries are reviewed and a geographical prevalence map is presented. The impact of PND upon child outcomes is also reviewed. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The available evidence suggests that rates of PND are substantial, and in many regions, are higher than those reported for high-income countries. An association between PND and adverse child developmental outcomes was identified in many of the countries examined. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Significant heterogeneity in prevalence rates and impact on child outcomes across studies means that the true extent of the disease burden is still unclear. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Nonetheless, there is a compelling case for the implementation of interventions to reduce the impact of PND on the quality of the mother-infant relationship and improve child outcomes.
On Binary Embedding using Circulant Matrices On Binary Embedding using Circulant Matrices

Binary embeddings provide efficient and powerful ways to perform operations on large scale data. However binary embedding typically requires long codes in order to preserve the discriminative power of the input space. Thus binary coding methods traditionally suffer from high computation and storage costs in such a scenario. To address this problem, we propose Circulant Binary Embedding (CBE) which generates binary codes by projecting the data with a circulant matrix. The circulant structure allows us to use Fast Fourier Transform algorithms to speed up the computation. For obtaining k-bit binary codes from d-dimensional data, our method improves the time complexity from O(dk) to O(d log d), and the space complexity from O(dk) to O(d). We study two settings, which differ in the way we choose the parameters of the circulant matrix. In the first, the parameters are chosen randomly and in the second, the parameters are learned using the data. For randomized CBE, we give a theoretical analysis comparing it with binary embedding using an unstructured random projection matrix. The challenge here is to show that the dependencies in the entries of the circulant matrix do not lead to a loss in performance. In the second setting, we design a novel time-frequency alternating optimization to learn data-dependent circulant projections, which alternatively minimizes the objective in original and Fourier domains. In both the settings, we show by extensive experiments that the CBE approach gives much better performance than the state-ofthe-art approaches if we fix a running time, and provides much faster computation with negligible performance degradation if we fix the number of bits in the embedding.
Event-Related Brain Potentials in Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: of Stimulus Deviancy and Task Relevance in Visual and Auditory Modality Children With Effects the

It has frequently been reported that in so-called oddball tasks, children with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADDH) show small P3 peaks of the event-related potential (ERP) in response to "targets" (task-relevant deviant stimuli) than normal children. It is not clear, however, whether this smaller P3 is due to abnormal processing of infrequent stimuli per se and~or of task-relevant stimuli and whether it is preceded by abnormalities in earlier peaks, especially those thought to be related to automatic deviancy detection [mismatch negativity (MMN) in the auditory modality and P2N2 in the visual modality]. ERPs of ADDH and normal children in response to visual and auditory stimuli were studied in a condition without task relevance as well as in a task-relevant condition. ADDH children showed smaller P3 amplitudes and (marginally) smaller MMN to auditory deviant stimuli, irrespective of task relevance, so smaller P3s in ADDH children are due to stimulus deviancy per se. In the visual modality the P3 effect failed to reach significance. Because the smaller P3s were also found in a condition not requiring task-related motivation, recent motivational interpretations of differences with normal children are not supported. ADDH children also showed smaller P1 amplitudes than normal children to all stimuli except visual novels. The ERP differences were unrelated to performance, since both groups performed equally well
Why and how to measure renal function in patients with liver disease

Patients with advanced liver disease frequently have impaired renal function. Both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are quite common in patients with cirrhosis and both are associated with a worse prognosis in these patients. A careful assessment of renal function is highly important in these patients to help physicians determine their diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic management and to define transplantation strategies (liver transplantation alone vs simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation). Although they are still widely used in clinical practice, conventional biomarkers of renal function such as serum creatinine have several limitations in these patients. Recent progress has been made in the evaluation of renal function and new diagnostic criteria for AKI have been proposed. However, certain issues such as the noninvasive assessment of the glomerular filtration rate and/or improvement in the differential diagnosis between hepatorenal syndrome and acute tubular necrosis must still be addressed. The purposes of this paper are: (i) to highlight the importance of the evaluation of renal function in patients with cirrhosis; (ii) to review the state of the art in the assessment of renal function in these patients as well as advances that we expect will be made to improve the accuracy of available tools.
UNED Online Reputation Monitoring Team at RepLab 2013

This paper describes the UNED's Online Reputation Moni- toring Team participation at RepLab 2013 (3). Several approaches were tested: rst, an instance-based learning approach that uses Heterogene- ity Based Ranking to combine seven dierent similarity measures was applied for all the subtasks. The ltering subtask was also tackled by au- tomatically discovering lter keywords: those whose presence in a tweet reliably conrm (positive keywords) or discard (negative keywords) that
Compression-aware graph computation

Many recent work has focused on graph algorithms via parallelization including PowerGraph [9] and Ligra [14]. The frameworks process large graphs in shared memory, requiring a terabyte of memory and expensive maintenance cost. Reducing graph size to fit in memory thus is crucial in cutting the cost of large-scale graph computation. Compression has been widely used to reduce graph size. However, it could meanwhile compromise graph computation efficiency caused by nontrivial decompression overhead before graph computation. In this paper, we propose a simple and yet efficient coding scheme. It not only leads to smaller size of compressed graphs; meanwhile we can perform graph computation directly on the compressed graphs with no or partial decompression, namely compression-aware computation, leading to faster running time. Our experiments validate that the coding scheme achieves 2.99X compression ratio, and three compression-aware graph algorithms achieve 7.02X, 2.88X and 2.34X faster running time than the graph algorithms on the graphs without compression.
Numerical computation of soliton dynamics for NLS equations in a driving potential

We provide some numerical computations for the soliton dynamics of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with an external potential. After computing the ground state solution $r$ of a related elliptic equation we show that, in the semi-classical regime, the center of mass of the solution with initial datum modelled on $r$ is driven by the solution of a Newtonian type law. Finally, we provide some examples and analyze the numerical errors in the two dimensional case when $V$ is an harmonic potential.
Secure Display and Secure Transactions Using a Handset

The security risks of using standard personal computers and operating systems for confidential transactions such as Internet banking are well-known. This is one reason for the interest in the mobile phone/ handset as a Personal Trusted Device (PTD). However, mobile phones have other shortcomings, for example the constraints of working with a small screen. This paper explores the use of a dedicated device - a Secure Display Device (SDD) - which, when used together with a mobile phone, combines the security of the phone as PTD with the characteristics, such as large display size, that can be offered by non-portable hardware. We describe three prototype SDD systems which we built in order to test these ideas. Two of them use a simulated SDD implemented entirely in software on a personal computer: a Mobile Banking system in which the SDD is used for its display capability, and a Payment System in which the SDD is an Automatic Teller Machine. In addition, we describe our work on a prototype hardware-based implementation of the Mobile Banking system that can be plugged into a standard computer monitor or TV. We conclude by analysing the lessons learnt and canvassing further use cases for SDD systems.
Restructuring Arrays for Efficient Parallel Loop Execution

In a sequential program, data are often structured in a way that is optimized for a sequential execution. However, when the program is parallelized, the data access pattern may change drastically. If the structure of the data is not changed accordingly, parallel performance will su er. In this paper, we consider this problem in the context of runtime loop parallelization [8, 9], which is a general technique to parallelize loops not amenable to compile-time analysis. In a parallel execution of a loop, iterations may be performed in a very di erent order than in the sequential execution. This may result in undesirable cache e ects on distributed shared-memory multiprocessors, unless the structure of the arrays accessed by these iterations is changed accordingly. We discuss what these problems are and how they arise. We then describe two data restructuring techniques to address them: the restructuring of read-write arrays to reduce inter-processor communication due to false sharing, and the restructuring of read-only arrays to improve spatial locality. We also report experiments on a KSR1 [3] to evaluate the e ectiveness of these techniques and the preprocessing and postprocessing overheads they entail. The results show that the restructuring techniques can substantially improve performance of the parallelized loop. When restructuring overheads are ignored, we see a doubling of parallel speedups. While restructuring overheads can be quite signi cant, they can often be amortized across multiple loop executions so that they do not outweigh the performance bene ts. In our experiments, it takes only two loop executions to achieve this.
Better acoustic normalization in subject independent acoustic-to-articulatory inversion: Benefit to recognition

In subject independent acoustic-to-articulatory inversion (SII), the training and test subjects are in general different, whereas subject dependent inversion (SDI) uses the same training and test subjects. Thus, acoustic normalization is used to compensate for the mismatch between the training and the test subjects in SII. We show that a better acoustic normalization not only results in better articulatory estimates using SII, but also improves the broad class phonetic recognition accuracy, when the articulatory features estimated from SII are used for recognition. Recognition experiments using male and female subjects from the MOCHA-TIMIT corpus also show that there is no significant difference between the recognition accuracy using the articulatory features obtained by the best acoustic normalization in SII and that obtained using SDI as well as directly measured articulatory features.
AN APPROACH TO DESIGN INCREMENTAL PARALLEL WEBCRAWLER

World Wide Web (WWW) is a huge repository of interlinked hypertext documents known as web pages. Users access these hypertext documents via Internet . Since its inception in 1990, WWW has become many folds in size, and now it contains more than 50 bil lion publicly accessible web documents distributed all over the world on thousands of web servers and still gro wing at exponential rate. It is very difficult to s earch information from such a huge collection of WWW as the web pages or documents are not organized as books on shelves in a library, nor are web pages complete ly catalogued at one central location. Search engin e is basic information retrieval tool, used to access informat ion from WWW. In response to the search query provided by users, Search engines use their database to sear ch the relevant documents and produce the result af ter ranking on the basis of relevance. In fact, the Sea rch engine builds its database, with the help of We bCrawlers. To maximize the download rate and to retrieve the whole or significant portion of the Web, search engi nes run multiple crawlers in parallel. Overlapping of downloaded web documents, quality, network bandwidth and refreshing of web documents are the major challenging problems faced by existin g parallel WebCrawlers that are addressed in this w ork. A Multi Threaded (MT) server based novel architecture for incremental parallel web crawler has been desi gned that helps to reduce overlapping, quality and netwo rk bandwidth problems. Additionally, web page change detection methods have been developed to refresh th e web document by detecting the structural, present ation and content level changes in web documents. These change detection methods help to detect whether vers ion of a web page, existing at Search engine side has g ot changed from the one existing at Web server end or not. If it has got changed, the WebCrawler should replac e the existing version at Search engine database si de to keep its repository up-to-date
Lost in space

The increasing power of the financial industry in today’s economies has spatial fundamentals and important spatial consequences. This article examines the relevance of the social studies of finance (SSF), largely inspired by actor network theory (ANT) in this respect. Two critiques are made. First, SSF works are limited to the financial sphere and scarcely consider any connection with the rest of the economy. Second, their conception of space remains embryonic, if not entirely metaphorical. However, to understand and evaluate the effects of the financial industry requires that we take account of its spatial and historical contexts from the outset.
On the cultural difference which affects university students' English writing

This text proceeds analysis of the factors that influence the English writing skill of university students. It brings up the idea that the culture difference is the basic factor that affects university students' English writing, especially the "language expression""thought of writing""idioms" and "means for the expression of thought" etc. About the teaching of English writing, it also lays stress on the increase of the content of western culture knowledge, reinforces reading, reaiting sentences, studying the means for the expression of thought from western people to make university students learn to master English writing skill very well.
Measurement of power consumption in graphene based logic gate for incident angle variation

Graphene is assumed that it can be used in analog electronics because of its extraordinary electronic features. But nowadays it is investigated in digital logic gates due to the tunability of Fermi energy level. For making a promising logic gate, graphene is now exercised in correlation with the using of optics law. Transport properties in a doped graphene are extensively determined by measurement of incident angle. From which an important property of a device like “resistance of interface” can be extracted. Moreover, width of the graphene is one of the issues to be thought. By minimizing resistance of interface and maximizing the width of graphene, considerable power consumption can also be determined. In this paper, we will observe the electron transmission probability depending on the variation of incident angle of light of an interface. Then, we will calculate the resistance of interface. We will investigate the ambipolar characteristics by observing dc conductivity of graphene. At last, we will measure the power consumption of the device by tradeoff between the resistance and width of graphene.
Common Regulatory Variation Impacts Gene Expression in a Cell Type–Dependent Manner

Tissue-Specific Control The effect of genetic variation on gene expression and phenotype among individuals is largely unknown. Dimas et al. (p. 1246, published online 30 July 2009) show that in humans there are several genes whose allelic expression varies in a tissue-specific manner and are apparently controlled by cis elements. Up to 80% of variants seem to have tissue-specific functions when compared in fibroblasts, as well as B cells and T cells. This variation among regulatory variants correlated with transcript complexity, which suggests that some of the observed regulatory variation is due to genotype-specific use of transcripts and transcription start sites. Genetic variation in regulatory elements among humans affects gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. Studies correlating genetic variation to gene expression facilitate the interpretation of common human phenotypes and disease. As functional variants may be operating in a tissue-dependent manner, we performed gene expression profiling and association with genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) on three cell types of 75 individuals. We detected cell type–specific genetic effects, with 69 to 80% of regulatory variants operating in a cell type–specific manner, and identified multiple expressive quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) per gene, unique or shared among cell types and positively correlated with the number of transcripts per gene. Cell type–specific eQTLs were found at larger distances from genes and at lower effect size, similar to known enhancers. These data suggest that the complete regulatory variant repertoire can only be uncovered in the context of cell-type specificity.
-methylguanine-dna Methyltransferase in Human Cells

A plasmid encoding a recombinant human O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) fused to a fragment of the bacteriophage XN protein has been constructed. The fusion protein retained methyltransferase activity when expressed at high levels in E.coli and was purified to essential homogeneity by a simple procedure. Antisera raised against the purified fusion protein recognized MGMT in western blots of extracts of human cells. For most cell lines, there was a quantitative relation between the amount of immunologically detectable MGMT protein and enzyme activity. However, four cell lines contained detectable MGMT protein despite having no measurable methyltransferase activity. Additionally, a HeLa line contained considerably more immunoreactive MGMT protein than could be accounted for by its methyltransferase activity. Thus, some cells contain significant amounts of inactive MGMT. Preliminary characterization of the inactive protein in HeLaS3 cells indicated that it has some properties in common with MGMT methylated at the active cysteine residue.
Computation of conformational entropy from protein sequences using the machine‐learning method—Application to the study of the relationship between structural conservation and local structural stability

A complete protein sequence can usually determine a unique conformation; however, the situation is different for shorter subsequences—some of them are able to adopt unique conformations, independent of context; while others assume diverse conformations in different contexts. The conformations of subsequences are determined by the interplay between local and nonlocal interactions. A quantitative measure of such structural conservation or variability will be useful in the understanding of the sequence–structure relationship. In this report, we developed an approach using the support vector machine method to compute the conformational variability directly from sequences, which is referred to as the sequence structural entropy. As a practical application, we studied the relationship between sequence structural entropy and the hydrogen exchange for a set of well‐studied proteins. We found that the slowest exchange cores usually comprise amino acids of the lowest sequence structural entropy. Our results indicate that structural conservation is closely related to the local structural stability. This relationship may have interesting implications in the protein folding processes, and may be useful in the study of the sequence–structure relationship. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bulk versus boundary (gravitational Casimir) effects in the quantum creation of an inflationary brane-world universe

The role of bulk matter quantum effects (via the corresponding effective potential discussed using the example of a conformal scalar) and of boundary matter quantum effects (via the conformal anomaly induced effective action) is considered in brane-world cosmology. A scenario is used where brane tension is not a free parameter, and the initial classical bulk-brane action is defined by some considerations. The effective bulk-brane equations of motion are also analysed. The quantum creation of a four-dimensional de Sitter or anti-de Sitter (AdS) brane universe living in five-dimensional AdS space is possible when quantum bulk and/or brane matter is taken into account. The consideration of only conformal field theory (CFT) living on the brane admits the full analytical treatment. The bulk gravitational Casimir effect leads to deformations of five-dimensional AdS space and spherical/hyperbolic brane shapes. The generalization of the above scenario to dominant bulk quantum gravity naturally represents this scenario as self-consistent warped compactification within an AdS/CFT set-up.