Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reducibility in the Calculus of Inductive Constructions

We develop synthetic notions of oracle computability and Turing reducibility in the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC), the constructive type theory underlying the Coq proof assistant. As usual in synthetic approaches, we employ a deﬁnition of oracle computations based on meta-level functions rather than object-level models of computation, relying on the fact that in constructive systems such as CIC all deﬁnable functions are computable by construction. Such an approach lends itself well to machine-checked proofs, which we carry out in Coq. There is a tension in ﬁnding a good synthetic rendering of the higher-order notion of oracle computability. On the one hand, it has to be informative enough to prove central results, ensuring that all notions are faithfully captured. On the other hand, it has to be restricted enough to beneﬁt from axioms for synthetic computability, which usually concern ﬁrst-order objects. Drawing inspiration from a deﬁnition by Andrej Bauer based on continuous functions in the eﬀective topos, we use a notion of sequential continuity to characterise valid oracle computations. As main technical results, we show that Turing reducibility forms an upper semilattice, transports decidability, and is strictly more expressive than truth-table reducibility, and prove that whenever both a predicate p and its complement are semi-decidable relative to an oracle q , then p Turing-reduces to q .
Fair Survival Time Prediction via Mutual Information Minimization

Survival analysis is a general framework for predicting the time until a specific event occurs, often in the presence of censoring. Although this framework is widely used in practice, few studies to date have considered fairness for time-to-event outcomes, despite recent significant advances in the algorithmic fairness literature more broadly. In this paper, we propose a framework to achieve demographic parity in survival analysis models by minimizing the mutual information between predicted time-to-event and sensitive attributes. We show that our approach effectively minimizes mutual information to encourage statistical independence of time-to-event predictions and sensitive attributes. Furthermore, we propose four types of disparity assessment metrics based on common survival analysis metrics. Through experiments on multiple benchmark datasets, we demonstrate that by minimizing the dependence between the prediction and the sensitive attributes, our method can systematically improve the fairness of survival predictions and is robust to censoring.
Requesting clariﬁcations with speech and gestures

In multimodal natural language interaction both speech and non-speech gestures are involved in the basic mechanism of grounding and repair. We discuss a couple of multimodal clariﬁca-tion requests and argue that gestures, as well as speech expressions, underlie comparable parallelism constraints. In order to make this precise, we slightly extend the formal dialogue framework KoS to cover also gestural counterparts of verbal locutionary propositions.
Small airway dysfunction and flow and volume bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: We investigated whether a relationship between small airways dysfunction and bronchodilator responsiveness exists in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: We studied 100 (20 female; mean age: 68 ± 10 years) patients with COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV 1 ]: 55% pred ± 21%; FEV 1 /forced vital capacity [FVC]: 53% ± 10%) by impulse oscillometry system. Resistance at 5 Hz and 20 Hz (R5 and R20, in kPa ⋅ s ⋅ L - 1 ) and the fall in resistance from 5 Hz to 20 Hz (R5 – R20) were used as indices of total, proximal, and peripheral airway resistance; reactance at 5 Hz (X5, in kPa ⋅ s ⋅ L - 1 ) was also measured. Significant response to bronchodilator (salbutamol 400 μ g) was expressed as absolute ( $ 0.2 L) and percentage ( $ 12%) change relative to the prebronchodilator value of FEV 1 (flow responders, FRs) and FVC (volume responders, VRs). Results: Eighty out of 100 participants had R5 – R20 . 0.03 kPa ⋅ s ⋅ L - 1 ( . upper normal limit) and, compared to patients with R5 – R20 # 0.030 kPa ⋅ s ⋅ L - 1 , showed a poorer health status, lower values of FEV 1 , FVC, FEV 1 /FVC, and X5, along with higher values of residual volume/ total lung capacity and R5 ( P , 0.05 for all comparisons). Compared to the 69 nonresponders and the 8 FRs, the 16 VRs had significantly higher R5 and R5 – R20 values ( P , 0.05), lower X5 values ( P , 0.05), and greater airflow obstruction and lung hyperinflation. Conclusion: This study shows that peripheral airway resistance is increased in the vast majority of patients with COPD, who showed worse respiratory reactance, worse spirometry results, more severe lung hyperinflation, and poorer health status. Small airway dysfunction was also associated with the bronchodilator responsiveness in terms of FVC, but not in terms of FEV 1 .
PSACS: Highly-Parallel Shufﬂe Accelerator on Computational Storage

—Shufﬂe is an indispensable process in distributed online analytical processing systems to enable task-level parallelism exploitation via multiple nodes. As a data-intensive data reorganization process, shufﬂe implemented on general-purpose CPUs not only incurs data trafﬁc back and forth between the computing and storage resources, but also pollutes the cache hierarchy with almost zero data reuse. As a result, shufﬂe can easily become the bottleneck of distributed analysis pipelines. Our PSACS approach attacks these bottlenecks with the rising computational storage paradigm. Shufﬂe is ofﬂoaded to the storage-side PSACS accelerator to avoid polluting computing node memory hierarchy and enjoy the latency, bandwidth and energy beneﬁts of near-data computing. Further, the microarchitecture of PSACS exploits data, subtask-, and task-level parallelism for high performance and a customized scratchpad for fast on-chip random access. PSACS achieves 4.6x − 5.7x shufﬂe throughput at kernel-level and up to 1.3x overall shufﬂe throughput with only a twentieth of CPU utilization comparing to software baselines. These mount up to 23% end-to-end OLAP query speedup on average.
Closure operators: Complexity and applications to classification and decision-making

We study the complexity of closure operators, with applications to machine learning and decision theory. In machine learning, closure operators emerge naturally in data classification and clustering. In decision theory, they can model equivalence of choice menus, and therefore situations with a preference for flexibility. Our contribution is to formulate a notion of complexity of closure operators, which translate into the complexity of a classifier in ML, or of a utility function in decision theory.
Characteristic Fe and Cu Compounds in Particulate Matter from Subway Premises in Japan and their Potential Biological Effects

Suspended particulate matter (PM) in subway premises contain high concentrations of metal components and distinctive compounds owing to their unique emission processes. However, little is known regarding the detailed chemical states of airborne PM and their biological effects. Therefore, to demonstrate the unique chemical states of the PM collected from subway premises and outdoors, this study compared the chemical speciation of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) components using X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The potential biological effects of these chemical states on humans were also investigated in vitro by assessing cell damage and its pathways in cells after exposure to several compounds. Compared with a reference outdoor PM sample, Fe was enhanced by at least 10 times in subway PM and the concentrations of several metal components, including Cu, contained in railway bodies, rail, overhead wires, and tunnel walls, also increased. In these chemical speciations, the compounds derived from wear processes with relatively high-temperature oxidation (Fe 3 O 4 , γ -Fe 2 O 3 , and monovalent Cu compounds) were detected among the Fe and Cu components in subway PM. Our cell-based bioassay suggested that the contribution of the Fe component to cell damage can be enhanced by the predominance of Fe 3 O 4 in subway PM. In contrast to typical bivalent Cu compounds in the atmosphere, monovalent Cu compounds, which are characteristically identified in subway PM, exacerbate cell damage via different cell death pathways. Our results indicate that the chemical states of the distinctive compounds in the PM of subway premises differ from those in the typical atmosphere, thus exerting different biological effects. These findings suggest that the detailed chemical speciation is an important factor in accurately understanding their PM toxicities.
EID1 promotes the response to canopy shade in Arabidopsis thaliana by repressing the action of phytochrome A

The phytochrome (phy) system enables plants to adapt to canopy shade. By sensing the reduction of the red:far-red light ratio in shade, phyA and phyB trigger downstream signalling cascades which eventually lead to enhanced elongation growth. In this study, we show that the F-box protein EID1 takes on an essential function within the shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis thaliana by repressing phyA action and thereby allowing seedlings to elongate in shade. Thus, altering EID1 activity provides a means to adapt the shade response without affecting phyB action and could have played a role in the evolution of shade tolerance.
Echocardigraphic assessment of right ventricular outflow tract Echocardigraphic assessment of right ventricular outflow tract function in patients with chronic heart failure function in patients with chronic heart failure

Background: Heart failure is a progressive, clinical disease where a subset of patients has symptoms not related to the hemodynamic status and left ventricular ejection fraction. The Right ventricular function is considered as a prognostic element in HF, although assessing it is challenging because of its complex geometry. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical application and value of RVOT function measured by transthoracic echocardiography in HF patients. Method: The investigation of 80 chronic HF patients with dilated dimensions and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (EF less than 40%) ,and 20 healthy control subjects (normal ventricular function ,and normal electrocardiogram) was done. Along with clinical and conventional echocardiographic parameters, RVOT dimensions and fractional shortening (RVOT-FS) were analyzed. Results: The RVOT-FS was less in HF patients than healthy controls (34.4 ± 10.1 vs 57.5 ± 2.5, p < 0.001) and correlated positively with TAPSE ( p < 0.001) and inversely with SPAP ( p < 0.001) . There was a statistically significant difference in RVOT-FS among the HF subgroups with regard to NYHA functional capacity ( p < 0.001), although there was no statistically significant difference with regard to LVEF. Conclusion: The discordance between LVEF and the degree of functional impairment in HF is not well understood, it could be explained partly by alteration in RV function. It was found that the RVOT function was a noninvasive and easily applicable measure of RV function. This study showed that RVOT function is related to the functional capacity in heart failure patients.
Two-receiver measurements of phase velocity: cross-validation of ambient-noise and earthquake-based observations

Phase velocities derived from ambient-noise cross-correlation are compared with phase velocities calculated from cross-correlations of waveform recordings of teleseismic earthquakes whose epicentres are approximately on the station–station great circle. The comparison is conducted both for Rayleigh and Love waves using over 1000 station pairs in central Europe. We describe in detail our signal-processing method which allows for automated processing of large amounts of data. Ambient-noise data are collected in the 5–80 s period range, whereas teleseismic data are available between about 8 and 250 s, resulting in a broad common period range between 8 and 80 s. At intermediate periods around 30 s and for shorter interstation distances, phase velocities measured from ambient noise are on average between 0.5 per cent and 1.5 per cent lower than those observed via the earthquake-based method. This discrepancy is small compared to typical phase-velocity heterogeneities (10 per cent peak-to-peak or more) observed in this period range.We nevertheless conduct a suite of synthetic tests to evaluate whether known biases in ambient-noise cross-correlation measurements could account for this discrepancy; we specifically evaluate the effects of heterogeneities in source distribution, of azimuthal anisotropy in surface-wave velocity and of the presence of near-field, rather than far-field only, sources of seismic noise. We find that these effects can be quite important comparing individual station pairs. The systematic discrepancy is presumably due to a combination of factors, related to differences in sensitivity of earthquake versus noise data to lateral heterogeneity. The data sets from both methods are used to create some preliminary tomographic maps that are characterized by velocity heterogeneities of similar amplitude and pattern, confirming the overall agreement between the two measurement methods.
Contrast-medium injury of spinal cord after cerebral angiography using nonionic contrast agents: A case report and literature review

Introduction: Contrast-induced spinal cord injury (CIS) is an uncommon yet severe neurological complication following cerebral angiography. It can lead to dire consequences, including limb paralysis, respiratory distress, and even death. Patient concerns: After undergoing cerebral angiography, a 41-year-old male initially displayed symptoms of dizziness and blurred vision, which advanced into dysphoria and limb weakness within 3 hours. These initial symptoms diminished by the 12th hour. Yet, 18 hours following the procedure, the patient developed quadriplegia and paresthesia below the T5 level, even though his deep sensory functions persisted unaffected. Diagnosis: The magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted imaging scans excluded the presence of cerebrovascular ischemia or subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the magnetic resonance angiography displayed arterial vasospasms in both posterior cerebral arteries and the V4 segment of the right vertebral artery. The encephalopathy symptoms faded within 12 hours, suggesting a probable contrast-induced encephalopathy diagnosis. An magnetic resonance imaging on day 4 revealed an intensified signal in the spinal cord from C1 to T1. This finding supported the diagnosis of CIS. Interventions: Following treatment with mannitol, methylprednisolone, and nimodipine, the patient’s contrast-induced encephalopathy symptoms resolved completely within 12 hours. With a 2-week regimen of aspirin, methylprednisolone, and rehabilitative training, the neurological symptoms from CIS showed steady improvement. Outcomes: The symptoms and signs of CIS gradually improved after 2 weeks’ treatment and rehabilitation program. Conclusion: Given the grave outcomes of CIS, like limb paralysis, breathing difficulties, and even fatality, it is imperative to remain cautious about this complication, even with the use of modern, less harmful contrast agents.
Scholarly Commons @ Baptist Health South Florida Scholarly Commons @ Baptist Health South Florida

Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) demonstrated that the purified, stable ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid, icosapent ethyl (IPE), added to statins reduced CVD events by 25% (p < 0.001), leading to an expanded indication in the USA. IPE is now approved as an adjunct to maximally tolerated statins to reduce CVD event risk in adults with triglyceride (TG) levels ≥ 150 mg / dl and either established CVD or diabetes mellitus plus ≥ 2 additional CVD risk factors. The new indication allows co-administration of IPE for elevated TG levels with statin treatment, enabling effective residual risk reduction in a broader at-risk population beyond what can be achieved with intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control alone.
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication Communication

If humans have an evolved moral psychology, then we should not expect it to function in an identical way between individuals. Instead, we should expect a diversity in the function of our moral psychology between individuals that varies along genetic lines, and a corresponding diversity of moral attitudes and moral judgements that emerge from it. This is because there was no one psychological type that would reliably produce adaptive social behaviour in the highly heterogeneous environments in which our minds evolved. As such, there was no single psychological type towards which evolution could gravitate. Instead we evolved a stable polymorphism of psychological types, maintained by frequency-dependent selection, each predisposed towards particular social and moral attitudes and behaviours. This can help explain the existence of moral diversity, particularly intracultural moral diversity, and seemingly intractable moral disagree-
repre-Traumatic brain injury in a rural indigenous population in Canada: a community-based approach to surveillance

Background: Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by traumatic brain injury. These populations rely on large juris-diction surveillance efforts to inform their prevention strategies, which may not address their needs. We examined the incidence and determinants of traumatic brain injury in an indigenous population in the Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James health region of the province of Quebec and compared them with the incidence and determinants in 2 neighbouring health regions and in the province overall. Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study of patients in Quebec admitted to hospital with incident traumatic brain injury, stratified by health region (Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James, Nunavik and Nord-du-Québec), from 2000 to 2012. We used MED-ÉCHO administrative data for case-finding. A subgroup analysis of adults in the Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James health region was completed to assess determinants of the severity of traumatic brain injury and patient outcomes. Results: A total of 172 hospital admissions for incident traumatic brain injury occurred in the Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James region during the study period. The incidence was 92.1 per 100 000 person-years, and the adjusted incidence rate ratio was 1.84 (95% confidence interval 1.56–2.17) compared with the entire province. The incidence was higher than in the neighbouring non-indigenous population (Nord-du-Québec) but significantly lower than in the neighbouring indigenous population (Nunavik). Determinants of traumatic brain injury in the Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James region differed from those in the neighbouring populations and in the entire province. Interpretation: We found that the incidence rates and determinants of traumatic brain injury requiring hospital admission varied greatly between the three regions studied. Community-based surveillance efforts should be encouraged to inform the development of relevant prevention strategies. Abstract
Introduction to Information Retrieval

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
Management of erythrodermic psoriasis with individualised homoeopathy: An evidence-based case report

Abstract Introduction:Introduction: Erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is a rare and severe variant of psoriasis, with an estimated prevalence among psoriatic patients ranging from 1% to 2.25%. It presents as erythema, oedema, pruritus, ill-defined psoriatic plaques, scaling, hair loss and occasionally exudative lesions and palmoplantar diffuse desquamation with nail changes ranging from mild pitting to severe onychodystrophy, more commonly involving the fingernails than the toenails. Case Summary: Case Summary: A 60-year-old male patient, already diagnosed with EP, presented with extensive involvement of body surface area (80–90%). He was treated with Hepar sulphur based on the acute totality, followed by Arsenicum sulphuratum rubrum starting from 30C and then higher potencies as per the requirement and adherence to the homoeopathic principles. At the baseline, the scores of psoriasis area severity index and dermatology life quality index were 54 and 30, respectively and reduced to zero after 8 months of homoeopathic intervention, without any adverse events. Furthermore, during the 2-year follow-up, the patient had two episodes of recurrence of the same complaints with lesser intensity and was treated with the same medicine with favourable results. The causal attribution of changes to homoeopathy was explicitly represented by Modified Naranjo criteria for Homoeopathy and before and after photographs. This evidence based case report may pave the path for further research in treating difficult cases like EP with individualised homoeopathic treatment.