Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep android malware detection and classification

Long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) have witnessed as a powerful approach for capturing long-range temporal dependencies in sequences of arbitrary length. This paper seeks to model a large set of Android permissions particularly the permissions from Normal, Dangerous, Signature and Signature Or System categories within a large number of Android application package (APK) files of Cyber Security Data Mining Competition (CDMC 2016), Android malware classification challenge. The sequences of Android permissions are transformed into features by using recurrent LSTM layer with bag-of-words embedding and the extracted features are fed into dense and activation layer with non-linear activation function such as sigmoid for classification. Furthermore, to selectively find out the optimal paramaters and network structure, we have done various experimens with different network parameters and network structures. All experiments are run up to 1000 epochs with a learning rate in the range [0.01-0.5]. All LSTM network configurations have substantially performed well in classification settings of 5-fold cross validation in comparison to the recurrent neural network (RNN). Most importantly, LSTM has achieved the highest accuracy as 0.897 on the real-world Android malware test data set, provided by CDMC2016. This is primarily due to fact that the LSTM houses a complex memory processing unit that facilitates to learn the temporal behaviors quickly with sparse representations of Android permissions sequences. Thus, we claim that applying LSTM network to permission based Android malware classification is more appropriate.
Why Aren ’ t HTTP-only Cookies More Widely Deployed ?

HTTP-only cookies were introduced eight years ago as a simple way to prevent cookie-stealing through cross-site scripting attacks. Adopting HTTP-only cookies seems to be an easy task with no significant costs or drawbacks, but many major websites still do not use HTTP-only cookies. This paper reports on a survey of HTTP-only cookie use in popular websites, and considers reasons why HTTP-only cookies are not yet more widely deployed.
The Arab League and Military Operations: Prospects and Challenges in Syria

The humanitarian crisis in Syria has triggered diverse questions on the role of the international community and regional actors – in particular the Arab League – to assume their responsibility in matters of peace and security. Military interventions in past conflicts show proof that the Arab League has the military and doctrinal capacity to justify and accommodate their deployment in its member states and to contribute to international peace and security as envisaged under the UN Charter. A blueprint on future operationalization of military operations under its flag examines the relevant laws which they have to respect.
Feature Extraction and Selection for Prediction of ICU Patient ’ s Readmission Using Artificial Neural Networks

Patients’ readmissions in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are associated with increased mortality, morbidity and costs. Current models for predicting ICU readmission have moderate predictive value. We postulate that greater predictive value can be achieved with physiological variables that can be assessed in the 24 hours before discharge. A data mining approach combining Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) was applied to a large retrospectively collected ICU database (MIMIC II), representing data from four different ICUs at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston. The goal of this study is to predict ICUs readmissions between 24 and 72 hours after discharge from ICU to help the development of clinical management plans that could potentially mitigate the risk of readmission and its associated problems. ANN combined with SFS was able to predict readmissions with an area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.64 ± 0.10, a sensitivity of 0.72 ± 0.22, a specificity of 0.55 ± 0.06 and a accuracy of 0.57 ± 0.05. Variables selected as having the highest predictive power include: minimum of Albumin, minimum of Urine Output, minimum of Calcium, minimum of Platelets, Shannon entropy of Urine Output, minimum of temperature, maximum of Magnesium, mean of Urine Output, 50% weighted mean of Urine Output and maximum of Platelets.
On the Amplitude of Burst Oscillations in 4U 1636–54: Evidence for Nuclear-powered Pulsars

We present a study of 581 Hz oscillations observed during a thermonuclear X-ray burst from the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 1636-54 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. This is the first X-ray burst to exhibit both millisecond oscillations during the rising phase and photospheric radius expansion. We measure an oscillation amplitude within 0.1 s of the onset of this burst of 75%±17%; that is, almost the entire thermal burst flux is modulated near onset. The spectral evolution during the rising phase of this burst suggests that the X-ray-emitting area on the neutron star was increasing, similar to the behavior of the bursts from 4U 1728-34 with 363 Hz oscillations reported recently. We argue that the combination of large pulsed amplitudes near burst onset and the spectral evidence for localized emission during the rise strongly supports rotational modulation as the mechanism for the oscillations. We discuss how a theoretical interpretation of spin modulation amplitudes, pulse profiles, and pulse-phase spectroscopy can provide constraints on the masses and radii of neutron stars. We also discuss the implications of these findings for the beat-frequency models of kilohertz X-ray variability in LMXBs.
Analysing territorial models on graphs

Evolutionary graph theory combines evolutionary games with population structure, induced by the graph. The games used are limited to pairwise games occurring on the edges of the graph. Multiplayer games can be important in biological modelling, however, and so recently a new framework for modelling games in structured populations allowing games with arbitrary numbers of players was introduced. In this paper we develop the model to investigate the effect of population structure on the level of aggression, as opposed to a well-mixed population for two specific types of graph, using a multiplayer hawk-dove game. We find that the graph structure can have a significant effect on the level of aggression, and that a key factor is the variability of the group sizes formed to play the games; the more variable the group size, the lower the level of aggression, in general.
Religion and the organizational context of immigrant civic engagement: Mexican Catholicism in the USA

Abstract This article complements emerging research on immigrant civic participation by examining how Catholic churches facilitate volunteer and political participation among first-generation Mexican immigrants. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic data, it identifies two reinforcing mechanisms that churches foster: small groups and organizational links. Specifically, small groups, like prayer groups, provide immigrants with intimate contexts for building networks, learning skills and sharing resources. On the other hand, churches cultivate links to secular organizations that sensitize immigrants to public debates and provide opportunities for civic participation. Put simply, church-going immigrants take advantage of broader civic opportunities because they gain resources and skills within small groups. Implications for understanding immigrant religion and civic participation more broadly are discussed.
Hidden Markov models for trajectory modeling

Current state-of-the-art statistical speech recognition systems use hidden Markov models (HMM) for modeling the speech signal. However, it is well known that HMM’s do not exploit the time-dependence in the speech process, since they are limited by the assumption of conditional independence of observations given the state sequence. Alternative techniques, such as segment modeling approaches, can e(cid:11)ectively exploit time-dependencies in the acoustic signal by discarding the observation independence assumption. However, losing the basic HMM structure is often a high computational price to pay for improved acoustic models. In this paper, we introduce the parallel path HMM that exploits the time-dependence in speech via parametric trajectory models while maintaining the HMM framework. We present preliminary results on Switchboard, a large vocabulary conversational speech recognition task, demonstrating both improved modeling and potential for improved recognition performance.
Patients with depression are less likely to follow recommendations to reduce cardiac risk during recovery from a myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Patients with depression are at greater risk of cardiac death in the first few months after a myocardial infarction (MI). This study was performed to determine whether depression affects adherence to recommendations intended to reduce the risk of cardiac events after an MI. METHODS All consenting patients admitted to a university-affiliated teaching hospital during an 18-month period were interviewed 3 to 5 days following an acute MI using the Beck Depression Inventory to assess symptoms of depression and using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition, to determine the presence of major depression and/or dysthymia. Accessible survivors (n=204; 116 men and 88 women) were interviewed by telephone 4 months later using the Medical Outcomes Study Specific Adherence Scale to measure self-reported adherence to recommendations to modify cardiac risk. RESULTS Patients who were found in the hospital to have symptoms of at least mild to moderate depression (Beck Depression Inventory score > or =10, n=35 [17.2%]) or to have major depression and/or dysthymia (n=31 [15.2%]) reported lower adherence to a low-fat diet, regular exercise, reducing stress, and increasing social support 4 months later. Those with major depression and/or dysthymia also reported taking medications as prescribed less often than those without major depression and/or dysthymia. Diabetic patients with major depression and/or dysthymia were less likely to follow a diet for patients with diabetes than diabetic patients without depression. CONCLUSIONS Patients with depression following an acute MI are less likely to adhere to recommended behavior and lifestyle changes intended to reduce the risk of subsequent cardiac events. This finding could explain why depression in the hospital is related to long-term prognosis in patients recovering from an MI.
Potentiometric Electronic Tongues for Foodstuff and Biosample Recognition—An Overview

Potentiometric sensors are attractive tools for the fabrication of various electronic tongues that can be used in wide area of applications, ranging from foodstuff recognition to environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics. Their main advantages are the ability to modify their selectivity (including cross-sensitivity effects) and the possibility of miniaturization using appropriate construction methods for the transducer part (e.g., with the use of solid-state technology). In this overview various examples of the design, performance, and applications of potentiometric electronic tongues are presented. The results summarize recent research in the field conducted in the Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology (WUT).
Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling

Background: Usutu virus belongs to the Flaviviridae viral family and constitutes an important pathogen. The viral helicase is an ideal target for inhibitor design, since this enzyme is essential for the survival, proliferation and transmission of the virus. Results: Towards a drug-design approach, the 3D model of the Usutu virus helicase structure has been designed, using conventional homology modelling techniques and the known 3D-structure of the Murray Valley Encephalitis virus helicase, of the same viral family, as template. The model was then subjected to extended molecular dynamics simulations in a periodic box, filled with explicit water molecules for 10 nanoseconds. The reliability of the model was confirmed by obtaining acceptable scores from a variety of in silico scoring tools, including Procheck and Verify3D. Conlcusion: The 3D model of the Usutu virus helicase exhibits in silico all known structural characteristics of the Flaviviridae viral family helicase enzymes and could provide the platform for further de novo structure-based design of novel anti-Usutu agents.
Population of Metallic Materials Background Knowledge Base Based on Yago

With the profusion of the Linked Open Data, background knowledge base is playing an increasingly important role. For example, it can provide a basis for ontology alignment, but the background knowledge base is insufficient in metallic materials domain. However, a large amount of metallic materials knowledge exists in Yago, which can provide knowledge structure for background knowledge base. In this paper, we propose an approach to map the metallic materials knowledge extracted from Yago to the background knowledge base with the help of Wordnet. Meanwhile, some experiments are designed to demonstrate that our approach is effectively and feasible, and the time performance of our approach is acceptable.
Post-partition reconciliation protocols for maintaining consistency

This paper addresses design exploration for protocols that are employed in systems with availability-consistency tradeoffs. Distributed data is modelled as states of objects replicated across a network, and whose updates require satisfaction of integrity constraints over multiple objects. Upon detection of a partition, such a network will continue to provide delivery of services in parallel partitions; but only for updates with non-critical integrity constraints. Once the degraded mode ends, the parallel network partitions are reconciled to arrive at one partition.Using a formal treatment of the reconciliation process, three algorithms are proposed and studied in terms of their influence on service outage duration. The longer the reconciliation time, the lower is system availability; since the interval in which no services are provided is longer. However, the reconciliation time in turn is affected by the time to construct the post-partition system state. The shorter the construction time the higher is the number of updates that took place in the degraded mode but that will not be taken up in the reconciled partition. This will lead to a longer interval for rejecting/redoing these operations and thereby increase reconciliation time.
“Speaking ‘Europe’: The Politics of Integration Discourse”

The role of language has as yet been largely neglected in studies of European integration. This article provides the theoretical groundwork to remedy this gap through discourse analysis. Its main argument is that attempts to capture the EU's nature both in the political and the academic debate themselves take part in the construction of the Euro-polity. The article proceeds in three moves: an 'Austinian' move introducing the notion of a performative language, a 'Foucauldian' move clarifying the political implications of such a language, and a 'Derridarean' move discussing the possibilities of change and opening up space for alternative constructions of European governance. Each move is illustrated by examples from the history of European integration and European integration studies. The conclusion presents research questions emanating from such a discursive perspective and discusses some caveats.
A randomized controlled study of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain associated with spasticity

Objectives: To assess the effects of botulinum toxin A (BT-A) on hemiplegic shoulder pain associated with spasticity. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: Outpatient clinic of a rehabilitation department. Participants: Patients, more than three months post stroke, with hemiplegic shoulder pain associated with shoulder adductor and elbow flexor spasticity, randomly assigned to BT-A or placebo. Intervention: One-time injection of BT-A (500 units) into the pectoralis major and biceps brachii on the hemiplegic side. Main measures: Visual analogue scale of shoulder pain (0 –10), shoulder adductor and elbow flexor tone using the Ashworth Scale and passive range of shoulder abduction. These were assessed at baseline, four weeks, eight weeks and 12 weeks post injection. Results: Seventeen patients were enrolled, eight in the BT-A group and nine in the placebo group. At baseline, the median visual analogue scale score for shoulder pain was 6, the median Ashworth Scale shoulder adductor and elbow flexor spasticity score was 2 and the median range of shoulder abduction 76 degrees. Subjects who received BT-A showed significantly greater improvements in median shoulder adductor and elbow flexor Ashworth Scale scores than placebo at week 4 (P B / 0.01) but not at week 8 and 12. For shoulder pain and passive shoulder abduction range, all subjects showed postinjection improvements and no difference could be demonstrated between the two groups. Discussion: Possible reasons for the negative finding in this study include the small sample size and the presence of causes of shoulder pain not related to spasticity which could have confounded outcome.
Use of Sound to Provide Occluded Visual Information in Touch Gestural Interface

Direct touch gestures are getting popular as an input modality for mobile and tabletop interaction. However, the finger touch interface is considered as not accurate compared with pen-based interface. One of the main reasons is that the visual feedback of the finger touch is occluded because of the size of fingertip. It has made difficult for perceiving and correcting errors. We propose to utilize another modality to provide information on occluded area. Spatial information on visual channel is transformed to temporal and frequency information on another modality. We use sound modality to illustrate the proposed trans-modality. Results show that performance with additional modality is better for drawing where the visual information is important than only with the visual feedback.
Training Models of Shape from Sets of Examples

A method for building flexible shape models is presented in which a shape is represented by a set of labelled points. The technique determines the statistics of the points over a collection of example shapes. The mean positions of the points give an average shape and a number of modes of variation are determined describing the main ways in which the example shapes tend to deform from the average. In this way allowed variation in shape can be included in the model. The method produces a compact flexible ‘Point Distribution Model’ with a small number of linearly independent parameters, which can be used during image search. We demonstrate the application of the Point Distribution Model in describing two classes of shapes.
Developmental Seizure Susceptibility of Kv1.1 Potassium Channel Knockout Mice

Potassium channels play a critical role in limiting neuronal excitability. Mutations in certain voltage-gated potassium channels have been associated with hyperexcitable phenotypes in both humans and animals. However, only recently have mutations in potassium channel genes (i.e. KCNQ2 and KCNQ3) been discovered in a human epilepsy, benign familial neonatal convulsions. Recently, it has been reported that mice lacking the voltage-gated Shaker-like potassium channel Kv1.1 α-subunit develop recurrent spontaneous seizures early in postnatal development. The clinical relevance of the Kv1.1 knockout mouse has been underscored by a recent report of epilepsy occurring in a family affected by mutations in the KCNA1 locus (the human homologue of Kv1.1) which typically cause episodic ataxia and myokymia. Here we summarize preliminary studies characterizing the developmental changes in seizure susceptibility and neuronal activation in the three genotypes of Kv1.1 mice (–/–, +/–, +/+). Using behavioral and immediate-early gene indicators of regional brain excitability, we have found that a seizure-sensitive predisposition exists in Kv1.1 –/– animals at a very young age (P10), before either spontaneous seizure activity or changes in c-fos mRNA expression can be demonstrated. Kv1.1 +/– mice, although behaviorally indistinguishable from wild types, also have an increased susceptibility to seizures at a similar early age. The Kv1.1 knockout mouse possesses many features desirable in a developmental animal epilepsy model and represents a clinically relevant model of early-onset epilepsies.
Exploring the leisure experiences of children who are overweight and obese: parent and child perspectives

The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of the leisure experiences of children who are overweight and obese aged between 6 and 12 years. Guided by a social–ecological framework, interviews were conducted with 15 parents with children who were overweight or obese. Leisure education sessions with parent–child pairs followed and case notes from these sessions also formed the data set. Findings indicated children’s physical activity skill levels and abilities, being victimized in recreation and sport settings and having developed of mastery and competence with sedentary pursuits influenced children’s leisure experiences and behaviours. The opportunities available in children’s communities, parents’ ability and willingness to be coparticipants and care providers’ efforts to support active leisure also influenced children’s experiences. The findings highlight the importance of safe environments and helping children develop and improve physically active leisure skills and set the stage for positive first experiences with activities.
Effects of High School Work Experience a Decade Later: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey.

Les AA. examinent un certain nombre de donnees tirees de l'enquete nationale longitudinale americaine concernant la jeunesse et cherchent a evaluer dans le long-terme les effets sur la reussite scolaire de l'exercice d'une activite professionnelle pendant les annees d'etudes secondaires. Ils montrent que ce phenomene a des consequences negatives moderees en ce qui concerne la reussite scolaire et plutot positives en ce qui concerne la participation sociale, le revenu, le statut social. Les effets negatifs de l'exercice d'une activite salariee pendant la scolarite sont compenses sur le long-terme par ces effets positifs