Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geology of the Apollo 14 landing site.

Apollo 14 landed in the Fra Mauro region of the moon, within about 1,100 m of a 90 m high ridge of the Fra Mauro formation, interpreted as being ejecta from the Imbrium Basin. The primary geologic objective of the mission was to sample ejecta from Cone Crater, which is 340 m in diameter and penetrates at least 60 m into the ridge. Data from the mission strongly support the Imbrian ejecta origin for the Fra Mauro formation. Returned samples and photographs show that ejecta from Cone Crater is composed of composite breccias that include multiple clasts of still older, pre-Imbrian, breccias. Cone Crater ejecta displays a wide range of thermal metamorphism effects. Samples from the valley where the Lunar Module landed, which was not on a recognizable ray of ejecta from Cone Crater, are predominantly fines and poorly consolidated breccias formed by the disintegration of Fra Mauro rocks and probably are not volcanic rocks as had been postulated before the mission.
A sparrow search algorithm-optimized convolutional neural network for imbalanced data classification using synthetic minority over-sampling technique

Due to the large span of flight delay, numerous influencing factors and large number of flights, the collected flight delay data is characterized by large-scale and imbalance, which is considered as one of the largest challenges in balanced flight delay data classification by using conventional classification algorithms. To solve this problem, an adaptive multi-class classification approach of imbalanced flight delay data using synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE)-based convolutional neural network with sparrow search algorithm, namely SSA-LTCNN is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the SMOTE is used to reduce the imbalance between the classes of the flight delay data. Then, the qualitative analysis method is employed to determine the key parameters of the CNN, which are optimized by using SSA to establish an optimized CNN model. Finally, the optimized CNN model with more effective feature representation ability is employed to extract discriminative features from the balanced flight delay data automatically. The obtained features in the last fully connected layer of the optimized CNN model are used for flight delay classification. The MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Data is selected to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SSA-LTCNN method and the confusion matrix, classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score are also used to evaluate the performance of the proposed SSA-LTCNN method, which can get better performance than RF, DT, LR, CNN and QRSCNN. The actual flight delay data is processed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed classification approach, which can achieve higher accuracy than KNN, NB, UCNN, CNN, SSA-LCNN and SSA-TCNN in different time periods. The experimental results show that the SSA-LTCNN can fast and effectively realize the classification of MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Data and flight delay data.
Exploring team dynamics during the development of a multi-institutional cross-disciplinary translational team: Implications for potential best practices

Abstract Introduction: A recent literature review revealed no studies that explored teams that used an explicit theoretical framework for multiteam systems in academic settings, such as the increasingly important multi-institutional cross-disciplinary translational team (MCTT) form. We conducted an exploratory 30-interview grounded theory study over two rounds to analyze participants’ experiences from three universities who assembled an MCTT in order to pursue a complex grant proposal related to research on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, also called “long COVID. ” This article considers activities beginning with preliminary discussions among principal investigators through grant writing and submission, and completion of reviews by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, which resulted in the proposal not being scored. Methods: There were two stages to this interview study with MCTT members: pre-submission, and post-decision. Round one focused on the process of developing structures to collaborate on proposal writing and assembly, whereas round two focused on evaluation of the complete process. A total of 15 participants agreed to be interviewed in each round. Findings: The first round of interviews was conducted prior to submission and explored issues during proposal writing, including (1) importance of the topic; (2) meaning and perception of “team” within the MCTT context; and (3) leadership at different levels of the team. The second round explored best practices-related issues including (1) leadership and design; (2) specific proposal assembly tasks; (3) communication; and (4) critical events. Conclusion: We conclude with suggestions for developing best practices for assembling MCTTs involving multi-institutional teams.
Multidimensional Signal Space Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access With Imperfect SIC: A Novel SIC Reduction Technique

The power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) performs reasonably well under perfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) conditions. However, under imperfect SIC, the average sum-rate (ASR), outage performance, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon -$</tex-math></inline-formula>outage capacity of PD-NOMA diminish drastically. This work introduces a new PD-NOMA system called multidimensional signal space NOMA (MD-NOMA) to mitigate this sudden decrease in performance. Employing multidimensional signal space significantly reduces the number of SICs, leading to less stringent constraints on the power allocation, reducing the detection delay, and decoding complexity. The analytical expressions of ASR, outage-probability (OP), <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon -$</tex-math></inline-formula>outage capacity, and diversity order of MD-NOMA, Quadrature-NOMA (Q-NOMA), and PD-NOMA are evaluated under Nakagami-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> fading channel with the help of order statistics for a generalized-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> user scenario. It is noticed from the analysis that MD-NOMA, with a higher number of signal spaces, significantly outperforms all other systems under imperfect SIC and exhibits comparable performance with them under perfect SIC. Furthermore, the analytical expression for bit error rate (BER) and average-BER (ABER) is determined for MD-NOMA. It is noticed that MD-NOMA can withstand higher modulation order (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$</tex-math></inline-formula>), whereas the performance of all other systems degrades drastically as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$</tex-math></inline-formula> increases. Furthermore, numerical results demonstrate there is a tradeoff between ABER and spectral efficiency.
Polyoxometalate-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit β-Amyloid Aggregation and Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier in a µphysiological Model

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a combination of several neuropathological hallmarks, such as extracellular aggregates of beta amyloid (Aβ). Numerous alternatives have been studied for inhibiting Aβ aggregation but, at this time, there are no effective treatments available. Here, we developed the tri-component nanohybrid system AuNPs@POM@PEG based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) covered with polyoxometalates (POMs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this work, AuNPs@POM@PEG demonstrated the inhibition of the formation of amyloid fibrils, showing a 75% decrease in Aβ aggregation in vitro. As it is a potential candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of AuNPs@POM@PEG and its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). We achieved a stable nanosystem that is non-cytotoxic below 2.5 nM to human neurovascular cells. The brain permeability of AuNPs@POM@PEG was analyzed in an in vitro microphysiological model of the BBB (BBB-on-a-chip), containing 3D human neurovascular cell co-cultures and microfluidics. The results show that AuNPs@POM@PEG was able to cross the brain endothelial barrier in the chip and demonstrated that POM does not affect the barrier integrity, giving the green light to further studies into this system as a nanotherapeutic.
The diversity of bacterioplankton community structures over a range of Antarctic freshwater lakes

Antarctic freshwater lakes are characterized by constant low temperatures (0.5 oe under ice to 5 oe in the summer open-water period); they can have a very low biomass in the oligotrophic systems and a limited trophic complexiry, with short food chains (ELLIS-EVANS 1997). Such environments are essentially dominated by the microbial food web. The 16 freshwater lakes from Signy Island (Fig. l) were selected to provide a representative sample of different lake rypes occurring in the maritime Antarctic (HEYWOOD 1984). The lakes selected for this study ranged from oligotrophic Gneiss Lake to eutrophic Amos Lake. Each of these lakes is small and shallow ( <11 m) with persistent low temperatures an d prolonged ice cover (6-9 months). All have been the subject of long-term studies over the past 30 years and are well described in the literature.
Timing of the younger dryas glacial maximum in western Norway

This study precisely constrains the timing of the Younger Dryas (YD) glacial maximum in south‐western Norway by utilizing sediment records from lake basins. Two of the basins, located on the distal side of the mapped Herdla–Halsnøy Moraine, received meltwater directly from the ice sheet only when the ice margin reached its maximum extent during the YD. In the cores, the ice maximum is represented by well‐defined units with meltwater deposits, dominantly laminated silt. Plant macrofossils in the sediment sequences are common and we obtained 18 radiocarbon ages from one of the cores. By applying Bayesian age–depth modelling we obtained a precise date for this meltwater event and thereby also for the timing of the YD glacial maximum. We conclude that the ice‐sheet advance culminated at the Halsnøy Moraine at 11 760 ± 120 cal a BP, and that the ice margin stayed in this position for 170 ± 120 years. The subsequent retreat started at 11 590 ± 100 cal a BP, i.e. close to the YD/Holocene boundary. Withdrawal was probably triggered by abrupt climatic warming at this time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced Sodium Portions Favor Osteogenic Properties and Cytocompatibility of 45S5-Based Bioactive Glass Particles

Besides its favorable biological properties, the release of sodium (Na) from the well-known 45S5-bioactive glass (BG) composition (in mol%: 46.1, SiO2, 24.5 CaO, 24.5 Na2O, 6.0 P2O5) can hamper its cytocompatibility. In this study, particles of Na-reduced variants of 45S5-BG were produced in exchange for CaO and P2O5 via the sol-gel-route resulting in Na contents of 75%, 50%, 25% or 0% of the original composition. The release of ions from the BGs as well as their impact on the cell environment (pH values), viability and osteogenic differentiation (activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin in human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in correlation to the Na-content and ion release of the BGs was assessed. The release of Na-ions increased with increasing Na-content in the BGs. With decreasing Na content, the viability of cells incubated with the BGs increased. The Na-reduced BGs showed elevated ALP activity and a pro-osteogenic stimulation with accelerated osteopontin induction and a pronounced upregulation of osteocalcin. In conclusion, the reduction in Na-content enhances the cytocompatibility and improves the osteogenic properties of 45S5-BG, making the Na-reduced variants of 45S5-BG promising candidates for further experimental consideration.
Storage of pineapple fruits under different conditions: implication on shelf life

An experiment was carried out at Abeokuta to investigate the effects of storage conditions popularly used in Abeokuta metropolis on freshly harvested pineapple fruits. The pineapple fruits were harvested from a farmer's field and stored for 40 days under three conditions: refridgeration (mean temperature 10 0 C), Ambient condition (27 0 C) and Intense sunlight (37 0 C). Changes in colour, texture and flavour were observed at every other day and scored. The exudates from the pineapples fruits during storage under each conditions were collected and analysed. Under the ambient and intense heat storage conditions spoilage of the fruits commenced as early as the 3rd day of storage. However, deterioration was delayed up to15th day of storage. The shelf life of the pineapple fruits was prolonged by the refridgerated condition up to the 33rd day of storage. The spoilage organisms identified were mainly the yeasts ( Saccharomyces, Candida and Debarromyces species). Key words : Pineapple, Deterioration, Yeasts, Storage.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT ON NITRATE MOVEMENT UNDER A DRIP IRRIGATED LETTUCE CROP

Irrigation management practices have a significant impact on the leaching of nutrients and salts within a soil profile. Crops such as lettuce, which are highly dependent on irrigation water for their effective growth and high quality yield, are particularly susceptible to high levels of nutrient leaching below the root zone. To ascertain the effect of irrigation management on nitrate movement soil, water and solute data was collected from a sprinkler and drip irrigated field of lettuce grown on a Ferrosol. This work has shown that deep drainage did occur during the season and that nitrate did leach below the root zone. Substantial spatial and temporal variations in nitrate and EC in the soil solution were observed which appear to be related to the pattern of water movement associated with the irrigation applications. Significant differences in nitrate concentration and EC were also found depending on the type and depth of placement of soil solution extractor used.
C/Ti/C/Al/C/Si multilayer and C+Ti/C+Al/C+Si composite thin films: synthesis and characterization

The purpose of this work is to obtain different kind of advanced nanostructures with four materials of interest: graphite, titanium, aluminum and silicon (C, Ti, Al and Si), deposited by Thermionic Vacuum Arc (TVA) technology on the Si substrate. In this respect we use three independent anode cathode plasma sources; the anode was represented by the coating material and the cathode by an electron thermos-emissive tungsten wire. The final thickness of the structures was 300 nm in the two cases: C/Ti/C/Al/C/Si multilayer film (34 nm C, 66 nm Ti, 35 nm C, 65 nm Al, 31 nm C, 69 nm Si) and C+Ti/C+Al/C+Si composite film (100 nm C+Ti, 100 nm C+Al, 100 nm C+Si). Also, for each type of samples there are some parameters varied: substrates temperature (Room Temperature, 200 °C, 300°C, 400°C) and bias voltage applied on substrates, i.e., - 400 V. In order to perform TEM measurement samples have been prepared as XTEM specimens using Ion Mill techniques. TEM bright field image was used to measure layers thickness. EDX and STEM mapping was carried out to evaluate sample composition. Also, HRTEM images were use for structural analyze. SEM and EDX (Elementalcomposition) characterization studies show a dependence of the atomic percentage of the elements Ti, Si and Al on the substrate deposition temperature. In both cases, C/Ti/C/Al/C/Si multilayer film and C+Ti/C+Al/C+Si composite film, the percentages for carbon were too low to be detected by this technique. XPS depth profiles reveal the atomic percentages of Si2p, C1s, Al2p, Ti2p, O1s peaks from 300 nm over Si substrate (zero etch time) to 0 nm (5000 s etch time), for Si/C/Al/C/Ti/C multilayer structures and C+Ti/C+Al/C+Si composite structures prepared at room temperature and at 300°C with -400 V bias voltage, respectively. For Si/C/Al/C/Ti/C multilayer structures the difference between the two cases is given by the oxygen concentration. For the composite sample deposited at room temperature, oxygen atomic percentage decreases in respect to the sample depth, however it has a peak around 4000 s etch time, probably due to the chemical affinity with the two elements Ti and Al respectively. The tribology measurements show that friction coefficient (values of minimum at 0.5 N load and values of maximum at 3 N load, at different deposition temperatures) reveal that the minimum values of the friction coefficient in the case of composite thin films are larger compared with the minimum values in the case of multilayer thin films. We suppose the measured values of friction coefficient are associated with the occurrence of atomic diffusion process to interfaces. Based on nanoindentation studies, Young modulus and Hardness in the cases of C/Ti/C/Al/C/Si multilayer thin films and C+Ti/C+Al/C+Si composite thin films are measured, using a force of 1000/2000 µN. It was noticed that the hardness is larger in the case of C+Ti/C+Al/C+Si composite samples (6.82 GPa) than in the case of C/Ti/C/Al/C/Si multilayer samples (2.15 GPa), i.e., for samples deposed at room temperature.
Design and Development of a Topical Nanogel Formulation Comprising of a Unani Medicinal Agent for the Management of Pain

The oil of the Unani medicinal herb Baboona (Matricaria chamomilla) has shown potential in the management of pain. However, predicaments such as poor skin penetration, skin sensitization, liable to degradation, and volatile nature restrict its use. Therefore, our group for the first time has developed a carrier-based delivery system to facilitate the direct application of chamomile oil to the forehead. The developed nanogel was characterized for physical parameters such as compatibility, TEM, and stability studies. Further, it was also evaluated for pH, viscosity, spread ability, and extrudability, as well as through texture analyses, in vitro studies, and skin irritation tests. The formulation was successfully developed with all the necessary attributes. The in vitro studies revealed the enhanced skin penetration of chamomile oil nanogel. The in vivo studies were also performed in chemically induced pain models, mimicking migraine. The studies show significant improvement of the pain threshold for chamomile nanogel when compared to the positive control group and the results were comparable to marketed diclofenac formulations. Finally, the encapsulation into nanogel reduced the skin irritation property. The nanogel formulation showed promising effects in the pain management of migraine.
MCSNet+: Enhanced Convolutional Neural Network for Detection and Classification of Tribolium and Sitophilus Sibling Species in Actual Wheat Storage Environments

Insect pests like Tribolium and Sitophilus siblings are major threats to grain storage and processing, causing quality and quantity losses that endanger food security. These closely related species, having very similar morphological and biological characteristics, often exhibit variations in biology and pesticide resistance, complicating control efforts. Accurate pest species identification is essential for effective control, but workplace safety in the grain bin associated with grain deterioration, clumping, fumigator hazards, and air quality create challenges. Therefore, there is a pressing need for an online automated detection system. In this work, we enriched the stored-grain pest sibling image dataset, which includes 25,032 annotated Tribolium samples of two species and five geographical strains from real warehouse and another 1774 from the lab. As previously demonstrated on the Sitophilus family, Convolutional Neural Networks demonstrate distinct advantages over other model architectures in detecting Tribolium. Our CNN model, MCSNet+, integrates Soft-NMS for better recall in dense object detection, a Position-Sensitive Prediction Model to handle translation issues, and anchor parameter fine-tuning for improved matching and speed. This approach significantly enhances mean Average Precision (mAP) for Sitophilus and Tribolium, reaching a minimum of 92.67 ± 1.74% and 94.27 ± 1.02%, respectively. Moreover, MCSNet+ exhibits significant improvements in prediction speed, advancing from 0.055 s/img to 0.133 s/img, and elevates the recognition rates of moving insect sibling species in real wheat storage and visible light, rising from 2.32% to 2.53%. The detection performance of the model on laboratory-captured images surpasses that of real storage facilities, with better results for Tribolium compared to Sitophilus. Although inter-strain variances are less pronounced, the model achieves acceptable detection results across different Tribolium geographical strains, with a minimum recognition rate of 82.64 ± 1.27%. In real-time monitoring videos of grain storage facilities with wheat backgrounds, the enhanced deep learning model based on Convolutional Neural Networks successfully detects and identifies closely related stored-grain pest images. This achievement provides a viable solution for establishing an online pest management system in real storage facilities.
Can Apparent Electrical Conductivity Improve the Spatial Characterization of Soil Organic Carbon?

Ancillary information, such as apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), can improve the spatial and temporal estimation of soil properties. The purpose of this study was to determine if ECa could be used for the spatial characterization of soil organic C (SOC) within a long‐term tillage experiment. Apparent electrical conductivity was measured using an electromagnetic induction sensor, the EM38DD, and its predictive potential for mapping SOC was evaluated. The ECa maps showed clear differences between the conventional tillage and direct drilling plots, with higher ECa and SOC in the direct drilling plots. A normalized ECa difference (ΔECa), calculated as the difference between the normalized vertical and horizontal dipole ECa values (ECaV and ECaH, respectively) successfully classified the SOC observations according to their corresponding management systems. Maps of ΔECa (FKM1) and ECaV and ECaH (FKM2) classified by fuzzy k‐means accounted for 30% of the total SOC variability, whereas the individual plots and management strategy explained 44 and 41%, respectively. Simple kriging with local varying means using either FKM2 or plot‐average SOC as secondary information reduced the RMSE by 8% and increased the efficiency index by about 70% compared with ordinary kriging. Despite the low point‐to‐point correlation between ECa and SOC, ECa was shown to be useful for the spatial estimation of SOC.