Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The RING finger ATPase Rad5p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contributes to DNA double-strand break repair in a ubiquitin-independent manner

Tolerance to replication-blocking DNA lesions is achieved by means of ubiquitylation of PCNA, the processivity clamp for replicative DNA polymerases, by components of the RAD6 pathway. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the ubiquitin ligase (E3) responsible for polyubiquitylation of the clamp is the RING finger protein Rad5p. Interestingly, the RING finger, responsible for the protein's E3 activity, is embedded in a conserved DNA-dependent ATPase domain common to helicases and chromatin remodeling factors of the SWI/SNF family. Here, we demonstrate that the Rad5p ATPase domain provides the basis for a function of the protein in DNA double-strand break repair via a RAD52- and Ku-independent pathway mediated by the Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 protein complex. This activity is distinct and separable from the contribution of the RING domain to ubiquitin conjugation to PCNA. Moreover, we show that the Rad5 protein physically associates with the single-stranded DNA regions at a processed double-strand break in vivo. Our observations suggest that Rad5p is a multifunctional protein that—by means of independent enzymatic activities inherent in its RING and ATPase domains—plays a modulating role in the coordination of repair events and replication fork progression in response to various different types of DNA lesions.
Pushpins for Edit Propagation

In this paper we present an approach for stroke-input based foreground estimation of measured materials with a near regular structure. To enable extraction of high-quality editing masks even from difficult materials, we combine a state of the art lattice-detection algorithm with a novel frequency convolution scheme, which we call pushpins. Despite being highly specialized, we consider this use-case as important for material design. A comparison with other state of the art editing and material recognition approaches will give proof of the robustness and ability of our algorithm.
Mouse Strains with an Active H2-Ea Meiotic Recombination Hot Spot Exhibit Increased Levels of H2-Ea-Specific DNA Breaks in Testicular Germ Cells

ABSTRACT We devised a sensitive method for the site-specific detection of rare meiotic DNA strand breaks in germ cell-enriched testicular cell populations from mice that possess or lack an active recombination hot spot at the H2-Ea gene. Using germ cells from adult animals, we found an excellent correlation between the frequency of DNA breaks in the 418-bp H2-Ea hot spot and crossover activity. The temporal appearance of DNA breaks was also studied in 7- to 18-day-old mice with an active hot spot during the first waves of spermatogenesis. The number of DNA breaks detected rose as leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes populate the testis with a peak at day 14 postpartum, when leptotene, zygotene, and early pachytene spermatocytes are the most common meiotic prophase I cell types. The number of DNA breaks drops precipitously 1 day later, when middle to late pachytene spermatocytes become the dominant subtype. The recombination-related breaks in the hot spot likely reflect SPO11-induced double-strand breaks and/or recombination intermediates containing free 3′ hydroxyl groups.
Are the Competent the Morally Good? Perspective Taking and Moral Motivation of Children Involved in Bullying

The present study tested the hypothesis of the cognitively competent but morally insensitive bully. On the basis of teacher and peer ratings, 212 young elementary school children were selected and categorized as bullies, bully-victims, victims, and prosocial children. Children's perspective-taking skills were assessed using theory-of-mind tasks, and moral motivation was assessed with a task about moral emotion attributions after moral rule transgressions. Analyses at the group level revealed that only bully-victims, but not bullies, were characterized by a deficit in perspective taking, while both aggressive groups showed a deficit in moral motivation. Analyses at the individual level, however, revealed that bullies were a more heterogeneous group, including children with an asymmetry between perspective taking and moral motivation, as well as children scoring consistently low or high on both measures. The findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between (1) strategic social2013cognitive and moral competencies and (2) different subgroups of bullies.
Far-field radiation of optical fibers with tapered end

In this paper, an accurate model of the far-field radiation of a tapered optical fiber, which is widely used in communication optics and biomedical tomography, is presented. The authors first analyze the far field that is radiated from the normally cut fiber then extend the model to a fiber with a tapered end by considering the different phase contributions of the emitted rays. The proposed technique shows the effects of the cut with a view of obtaining a high efficiency both in coupling and radiation pattern characteristics
Virtual navigation for memory rehabilitation in a traumatic brain injured patient

The use of 3D video games in memory rehabilitation has been explored very little. A virtual navigation task allows participants to encode the spatial layout of the virtual environment and activate areas involved in memory processing. We describe the rehabilitation of a 24-year-old man with traumatic brain injury presenting memory deficits, and evaluate the efficacy of a navigational training program measuring neuropsychological changes and fMRI modification cerebral activations. Memory improvement appears to be present both after navigational training and in follow-up testing. Furthermore, fMRI data suggest that this training may increase activation of the hippocampal and parahippocampal brain regions. The results suggest that intensive training in virtual navigational tasks may result in an enhancement of memory function in brain-damaged adults.
Social Media in Employee-Selection-Related Decisions

Social media (SM) pervades our society. One rapidly growing application of SM is its use in personnel decision making. Organizations are increasingly searching SM (e.g., Facebook) to gather information about potential employees. In this article, we suggest that organizational practice has outpaced the scientific study of SM assessments in an area that has important consequences for individuals (e.g., being selected for work), organizations (e.g., successfully predicting job performance or withdrawal), and society (e.g., consequent adverse impact/diversity). We draw on theory and research from various literatures to advance a research agenda that addresses this gap between practice and research. Overall, we believe this is a somewhat rare moment in the human resources literature when a new class of selection methods arrives on the scene, and we urge researchers to help understand the implications of using SM assessments for personnel decisions.
Relationships between components of litter size in unilaterally ovariectomized and intact rabbit does.

A study was performed to evaluate the use of unilateral ovariectomy for the measurement of uterine capacity in rabbits through a comparison of the relationships between ovulation rate, number of implanted embryos, and litter size in unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO) and intact does. Data from 211 ULO and 323 intact does were analyzed. The animals were derived from a synthetic line previously selected on litter size. Laparoscopy was performed on all does during their second gestation 12 d after mating and the number of corpora lutea and implantation sites were recorded. Intact and ULO does had the same ovulation rate, confirming the presence of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in the remaining ovary of the ULO does. The number of implantation sites in the ULO group (11.3) approached the number found in the control group (12.6). Embryonic survival (until implantation) was lower (P < .01) in ULO does (.77) than in intact does (.88), but fetal survival (after implantation) was the same in both groups. The ULO females produced litters 77% of the size of those of the normal control females. Pre- and postimplantation survivals were not related in intact does but seemed to be related in ULO does through an effect on the number of implantation sites. The coefficient of the regression of number of implantation sites on ovulation rate was positive in control does (.62 +/- .06) and was also positive in ULO does (.31 +/- .07), showing that a higher ovulation rate would have resulted in a higher number of embryos being implanted in both groups. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Leadership and Academic Culture in the Senate Presidency

This article utilizes current interview data from 42 senate presidents to analyze patterns of leadership orientations. The language and symbols that faculty leaders use reflects their beliefs and behaviors about shared governance. Three themes that arose from the interviews are discussed. References to citizenship, skepticism about faculty governance, and a desire for personal career gain were dominant themes. The study suggests that the various dimensions of academic culture influence leadership and that thinking of shared governance through a cultural lens rather than a bureaucratic or political standpoint enhances our understanding about how to improve shared governance.
The concept of circular causality should be discarded

This commentary argues that one specific but central concept in Lewis's theory, circular causality, is fundamentally flawed and should be discarded – first, because it does not make theoretical sense, and, second, because it leads to problems in practice, such as confounding the interaction between different systems with the relationship between different levels of analysis of a single system.
Program Comprehension

Program comprehension is an emerging interest area within the software engineering field. Software engineering itself is concerned with improving the productivity of the software development process and the quality of the systems it produces. However, as currently practiced, the majority of the software development effort is spent on maintaining existing systems rather than developing new ones. Estimates of the proportion of resources and time devoted to maintenance range from 50% to 75% [1][2].
Risk factors for degenerative spondylolisthesis: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Study design: Systematic literature review. Rationale: Many authors have postulated on various risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS), yet controversies regarding those risk factors still exist. Objective: To critically appraise and summarize evidence on risk factors for DS. Methods: Articles published before October 15, 2011, were systematically reviewed using PubMed and bibliographies of key articles. Each article was subject to quality rating and was analyzed by two independent reviewers. Results: From 382 citations, 30 underwent full-text review. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. All but two were considered poor quality. Female gender and higher facet joint angle were consistently associated with an increased risk of DS across multiple studies. Multiple studies also consistently reported no association between back pain and prolonged occupational sitting. Associations between age, parity, lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordosis, facet joint tropism, and pelvic inclination angles were inconsistent. Conclusions: There appears to be consistent evidence to suggest that the risk of DS increases with increasing age and is greater for females and people with a greater facet joint angle.
PARAQUAT RESISTANT 1 , a Golgi-Localized Putative Transporter Protein , Is Involved in Intracellular Transport of Paraquat 1 [ C ] [ W ]

State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences (J.L., S.Y.), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology (T.Z., Z.L.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., J.B., F.F., F.A., J.Zh., H.J., Q.W., J.Zu.); and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., H.J.)
Establishing the benefits of research experiences for undergraduates in the sciences: First findings from a three‐year study

Descriptions of student-identified benefits of undergraduate research expe- riences are drawn from analysis of 76 first-round student interviews gathered at the end of summer 2000 at four participating liberal arts colleges (Grinnell, Harvey Mudd, Hope, and Wellesley). As part of the interview protocol, students commented on a checklist of possible benefits derived from the literature. They also added gains that were not on this list. Students were overwhelmingly positive: 91% of all statements referenced gains from their experiences. Few negative, ambivalent, or qualified assessments of their research ex- periences were offered. The benefits described were of seven different kinds. Expressed as percentages of all reported gains, they were personal/professional gains (28%); "thinking and working like a scientist" (28%); gains in various skills (19%); clarification/confirmation of career plans (including graduate school) (12%); enhanced career/graduate school prepa- ration (9%); shifts in attitudes to learning and working as a researcher (4%); and other benefits (1%). C
Collegiate Recovery Communities Programs: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?

As the broad construct of recovery increasingly guides addiction services and policy, federal agencies have called for the expansion of peer-driven recovery support services. The high prevalence of substance use and abuse in colleges and universities in the United States constitutes a significant obstacle to pursuing an education for the unknown number of youths who have attained remission from substance use dependence. Collegiate recovery programs (CRPs) are an innovative and growing model of peer-driven recovery support delivered on college campuses. Although no systematic research has examined CRPs, available site-level records suggest encouraging outcomes: low relapse rates and above-average academic achievement. The number of CRPs nationwide is growing, but there is a noticeable lack of data on the model, its students, and their outcomes. We review the literature supporting the need for the expansion of CRPs, present information on the diversity of CRP services, and outline key areas where research is needed.
Fluorosomes: Fluorescent Virus-Like Nanoparticles that Represent a Convenient Tool to Visualize Receptor-Ligand Interactions

Viruses are the smallest life forms and parasitize on many eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Consequently, the study of viruses and viral diseases has had an enormous impact on diverse fields of biology and medicine. Due to their often pathogenic properties, viruses have not only had a strong impact on the development of immune cells but also on shaping entire immune mechanisms in their hosts. In order to better characterize virus-specific surface receptors, pathways of virus entry and the mechanisms of virus assembly, diverse methods to visualize virus particles themselves have been developed in the past decades. Apart from characterization of virus-specific mechanisms, fluorescent virus particles also serve as valuable platforms to study receptor-ligand interactions. Along those lines the authors have developed non-infectious virus-like nanoparticles (VNP), which can be decorated with immune receptors of choice and used for probing receptor-ligand interactions, an especially interesting application in the field of basic but also applied immunology research. To be able to better trace receptor-decorated VNP the authors have developed technology to introduce fluorescent proteins into such particles and henceforth termed them fluorosomes (FS). Since VNP are assembled in a simple expression system relying on HEK-293 cells, gene-products of interest can be assembled in a simple and straightforward fashion—one of the reasons why the authors like to call fluorosomes ‘the poor-man's staining tool’. Within this review article an overview on virus particle assembly, chemical and recombinant methods of virus particle labeling and examples on how FS can be applied as sensors to monitor receptor-ligand interactions on leukocytes are given.
Do frequency characteristics of nonfixated words influence the processing of fixated words during reading?

Are readers capable of lexically processing more than one word at a time? In five eye movement experiments, we examined to what extent lexical characteristics of the nonfixated word to the right of fixation influenced readers' eye behaviour on the fixated word. In three experiments, we varied the frequency of the initial constituent of two‐noun compounds, while in two experiments the whole‐word frequency was manipulated. The results showed that frequency characteristics of the parafoveal word sometimes affected eye behaviour prior to fixating it, but the direction of effects was not consistent and the effects were not replicated across all experiments. Follow‐up regression analyses suggested that foveal and parafoveal word length as well as the frequency of the word‐initial trigram of the parafoveal word may modulate the parafoveal‐on‐foveal effects. It is concluded that low‐frequency words or lexemes may under certain circumstances serve as a magnet to attract an early eye movement to them. However, further corroborative evidence is clearly needed.
The British Columbia Literature 12 Curriculum and I: A Soliloquy

Abstract A critique of the prescribed Literature 12 curriculum for British Columbia teachers, this article is a life-history narrative juxtaposed against my own literary education, examining how my lived experiences were reflected and reinforced in the Literature 12 curriculum, and in the literary canons of both high school and university English teaching—and vice versa. After first introducing the curriculum documents and the required textbook for the teaching of Literature 12, this article then deconstructs the curriculum objectives and the canon, pointing out that the study of English literature, as traditionally conceived in high schools and universities, reinforces Eurocentrism, racism, elitism, and, particularly for the purposes of this article, misogyny. It concludes by reminding teachers that some students bring experiences of oppression with them to the classroom, and that it is therefore our responsibility to challenge the norms present in the literary canon.
Making It Personal

This article reviews andragogy as the philosophy resident in the broad arena of experience-based learning. Beneath the umbrella of experience-based learning lie the specific classroom orientations of student-centered learning, problem-based learning, and classrooms as organizations. These orientations contribute to the creation of autonomy-supportive classrooms that focus more fully on student experience as a means to greater learning. The exhaustive review of the literature on student experience in teaching environments is the foundation for claims to fuller integration of this approach and discussion that focuses on the student as the original reason for the existence of the classroom. The article closes with a call for more student-focused andragogy, its relevance for Millennial learners, and recommendations for educators.
Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life among Inner-City Children

Our prospective cohort study of nonsmoking African-American and Dominican mothers and children in New York City is evaluating the role of prenatal exposure to urban pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and pesticides, in the pathogenesis of neurobehavioral disorders. We used the Bayley Scales of Infant Development to evaluate the effects on child mental and psychomotor development of prenatal exposure to airborne PAHs monitored during pregnancy by personal air sampling. Behavioral development was assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist. We adjusted for potential confounders including sociodemographic factors and prenatal exposure to ETS and chlorpyrifos. Prenatal exposure to PAHs was not associated with psychomotor development index or behavioral problems. However, high prenatal exposure to PAHs (upper quartile) was associated with lower mental development index at age 3 [β= –5.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), –9.05 to –2.33; p < 0.01]. The odds of cognitive developmental delay were also significantly greater for children with high prenatal exposure (odds ratio = 2.89; 95% CI, 1.33 to 6.25; p = 0.01). General estimated equation analysis showed a significant age × PAH effect on mental development (p = 0.01), confirming the age-specific regression findings. Further adjustment for lead did not alter the relationships. There were no differences in effect sizes by ethnicity. The results require confirmation but suggest that environmental PAHs at levels recently encountered in New York City air may adversely affect children’s cognitive development at 3 years of age, with implications for school performance.
On network flow management in virtualized environments

Virtualization has enabled the use of virtual machine (VM) based resource providers to offer computing power as a service. However, one important feature is to have certainty about the planed or expected performance of the applications that run inside the VMs. Therefore, consolidating the work load of web-based applications, with time-varying resource requirements, should be done in an automated way. We present and evaluate a network flow management component for the admission control of HTTP connections. We study this component, in our local resource manager (LRM), by using two types of common Web-based applications. The preliminary results shows that we can meet the number of successful served requests and at the same time avoid the degradation in the application's response times.
Redo percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for mitral restenosis: a comparison with first procedure for de novo mitral stenosis.

BACKGROUND Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) has emerged as the procedure of choice in most patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis. However, very few reports have looked at redo PMV in patients with mitral restenosis. AIM In a retrospective study, we explored the immediate results of redo PMV compared to primary PMV. METHODS We included 30 consecutive patients with de novo mitral stenosis and 40 consecutive patients with mitral restenosis after successful initial PMV. Echocardiographic assessment of the mitral valve was performed in all patients by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and trans-esophageal echocardiography excluded left atrial thrombosis. Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty was performed by the antegrade trans-septal approach using either the standard Inoue technique or the multitrack technique. Patient assessment by TTE was repeated 48 hours after the procedure. Procedural success was defined as a 50% or more increase in mitral valve area, with a final mitral valve area ≥ 1.5 cm(2), without major complications. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 33.7 ± 6 years, 18 (25.7%) patients being male. Procedural success was achieved in 28 (93.3%) patients undergoing first PMV, and in 37 (92.5%) patients undergoing redo PMV (NS). The two groups were similar in terms of the final mitral valve area, the gain of mitral valve area, the mean pressure gradient across the mitral valve, and the complication rate (NS for all). The final mitral valve area correlated negatively with the baseline mitral valve score in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Redo PMV for mitral restenosis achieves immediate results that are comparable to initial PMV for de novo mitral stenosis.