Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Distributions of Global Ocean Chlorophyll and Nutrients: Analysis with a Coupled Ocean General Circulation Biogeochemical, and Radiative Model

A coupled general ocean circulation, biogeochemical, and radiative model was constructed to evaluate and understand the nature of seasonal variability of chlorophyll and nutrients in the global oceans. The model is driven by climatological meteorological conditions, cloud cover, and sea surface temperature. Biogeochemical processes in the model are determined from the influences of circulation and turbulence dynamics, irradiance availability, and the interactions among three functional phytoplankton groups (diatoms, chorophytes, and picoplankton) and three nutrient groups (nitrate, ammonium, and silicate). Phytoplankton groups are initialized as homogeneous fields horizontally and vertically, and allowed to distribute themselves according to the prevailing conditions. Basin-scale model chlorophyll results are in very good agreement with CZCS pigments in virtually every global region. Seasonal variability observed in the CZCS is also well represented in the model. Synoptic scale (100-1000 km) comparisons of imagery are also in good conformance, although occasional departures are apparent. Agreement of nitrate distributions with in situ data is even better, including seasonal dynamics, except for the equatorial Atlantic. The good agreement of the model with satellite and in situ data sources indicates that the model dynamics realistically simulate phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics on synoptic scales. This is especially true given that initial conditions are homogenous chlorophyll fields. The success of the model in producing a reasonable representation of chlorophyll and nutrient distributions and seasonal variability in the global oceans is attributed to the application of a generalized, processes-driven approach as opposed to regional parameterization, and the existence of multiple phytoplankton groups with different physiological and physical properties. These factors enable the model to simultaneously represent the great diversity of physical, biological, chemical, and radiative environments encountered in the global oceans.
Alternate interactions define the binding of peptides to the MHC molecule IAb

We have solved the crystal structure of the MHCII molecule, IAb, containing an antigenic variant of the major IAb-binding peptide derived from the MHCII IEα chain. The four MHC pockets at p1, p4, p6, and p9 that usually bind peptide side chains are largely empty because of alanines in the peptide at these positions. The complex is nevertheless very stable, apparently because of unique alternate interactions between the IAb and peptide. In particular, there are multiple additional hydrogen bonds between the N-terminal end of the peptide and the IAb α chain and an extensive hydrogen bond network involving an asparagine at p7 position of the peptide and the IAb β chain. By using knowledge of the shape and size of the traditional side chain binding pockets and the additional possible interactions, an IAb peptide-binding motif can be deduced that agrees well with the sequences of known IAb-binding peptides.
Association Involvement and Convention Participation

The role of association involvement in convention participation has not been studied previously. This study applies the concept of involvement to the conference participation decision-making process in order to examine potential differences among association members who have a different degree of involvement with the association. An e-mail survey of a sample of the Association of American Geographers' member ship yielded a 50% response rate and the respondents were classified into three categories according to their involvement with the association. Highly involved mem bers were much more likely to attend the annual convention than those with low or medium levels of involvement. The results from the study suggest that associations should create an "association culture" with ensuing high involvement of many of its members. This will ensure a higher convention participation rate among the member ship and, therefore, increase the economic gains from such events. These results might be of particular importance for many of the new associations in the field of tourism that are essentially vying for the same people.
Induction motor emulation for variable frequency drives testing

This paper presents a method employing a simple three-phase transformer connected to a three-phase AC variable load for emulating a standard three phase AC induction motor. Such an emulator could be used for variable frequency drive testing but eliminates any moving parts for higher reliability, reduces audible noise, and eliminates high-cost dynamometers. The method utilizes the concept of assuming that the induction machine is a "rotating transformer. " To validate the emulator behavior, a simulation for a line-fed machine and a line fed three-phase transformer with a three-phase variable load is performed. Experimental verification of the inverter-fed machine and transformer are also presented and show excellent emulation capabilities of motor behavior at various slip values.
The many uses of regulatory impact assessment: A meta-analysis of EU and UK cases

Research on regulation has crossed paths with the literature on policy instruments, showing that regulatory policy instruments contain cognitive and normative beliefs about policy. Thus, their usage stacks the deck in favor of one type of actor or one type of regulatory solution. In this article, we challenge the assumption that there is a predetermined relationship between ideas, regulatory policy instruments, and outcomes. We argue that different combinations of conditions lead to different outcomes, depending on how actors use the instrument. Empirically, we analyze 31 EU and UK case studies of regulatory impact assessment (RIA) – a regulatory policy instrument that has been pivotal in the so-called better regulation movement. We distinguish four main usages of RIA, that is, political, instrumental, communicative, and perfunctory. We find that in our sample instrumental usage is not so rare and that the contrast between communicative and political usages is less stark than is commonly thought. In terms of policy recommendations, our analysis suggests that there may be different paths to desirable outcomes. Policymakers should therefore explore different combinations of conditions leading to the usages they deem desirable rather than arguing for a fixed menu of variables.
The Productivity of Nations

Output per worker varies enormously across countries. Why? Our analysis shows that differences in governmental, cultural, and natural infrastructure are important sources of this variation. According to our results, a high-productivity country (i) has institutions that favor production over diversion, (ii) is open to international trade, (iii) has at least some private ownership, (iv) speaks an international language, and (v) is located in a temperate latitude far from the equator. A favorable infrastructure helps a country both by stimulating the accumulation of human and physical capital and by raising its total factor productivity.
Listed property trusts and downside systematic risk sensitivity

Purpose – This paper aims to identify and examine the determinants of downside systematic risk in Australian listed property trusts (LPTs). Design/methodology/approach – Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and lower partial moment‐CAPM (LPM‐CAPM) are employed to compute both systematic risk and downside systematic risk. The methodology of Patel and Olsen and Chaudhry et al. is adopted to examine the determinants of systematic risk and downside systematic risk.Findings – The results confirm that systematic risk and downside systematic risk can be individually identified. There is little evidence to support the existence of linkages between systematic risk in Australian LPTs and financial/management structure determinants. On the other hand, downside systematic risk is directly related to the leverage/management structure of a LPT. The results are also robust after controlling for the LPTs' investment characteristics and varying target rates of return.Practical implications – Investors and real estate analyst.
How Does Job-Protected Maternity Leave Affect Mothers&Apos; Employment and Infant Health?

Maternity leaves can affect mothers' and infants' welfare if they first affect the amount of time working women stay at home post birth. We provide new evidence of the labor supply effects of these leaves from an analysis of the introduction and expansion of job-protected maternity leave in Canada. The substantial variation in leave entitlements across mothers by time and space is likely exogenous to their unobserved characteristics. This is important because unobserved heterogeneity correlated with leave entitlement potentially biases many previous studies of this topic. We find that modest mandates of 17-18 weeks do not increase the time mothers spend at home. The physical demands of birth and private arrangements appear to render short mandates redundant. These mandates do, however, decrease the proportion of women quitting their jobs, increase leave taking, and increase the proportion returning to their pre-birth employers. In contrast, we find that expansions of job-protected leaves to lengths up to 70 weeks do increase the time spent at home (as well as leave-taking and job continuity). We also examine whether this increase in time at home affects infant health, finding no evidence of an effect on the incidence of low birth weight or infant mortality.
Low power high speed ternary content addressable memory design using MOSFET and memristors

This paper proposes a 12 transistor (12T) NOR type hybrid MOSFET and Memristor based Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) system. The design is compared with conventional 16T TCAM circuit that uses only MOSFETs. The average search energy per bit of the proposed Memristor based TCAM cell is almost 70% smaller and the search time in the proposed cell is almost 43% smaller than that of the 16T TCAM cell. The voltage margin of the proposed cell is higher than that in a 16T cell. Moreover, the required area for layout design of the proposed cell is almost 27% smaller than that of the 16T cell. Therefore, the proposed TCAM shows significant performance improvement than conventional design and is a promising alternative for future low power high speed memory application.
Impact evaluation of school feeding programmes in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Despite the popularity and widespread implementation of school feeding programmes, evidence of their impact on school participation and nutritional status is mixed. In this study we evaluate feeding programmes in three districts of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Feeding modalities included on-site feeding, take-home rations, and a combined modality. District-level implementation of the intervention sites and selective take-up presented considerable evaluation challenges. To address these, we use difference-in-difference estimators with propensity-score weighting to construct plausible counterfactuals. We find minimal evidence that school feeding increased enrolment or improved nutritional status. Several robustness checks and possible explanations for null findings are presented.
Acid reflux in patients with coronary artery disease and refractory chest pain.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of acid reflux on chest pain and ischemic events and the effects of cardiac drugs on acid reflux in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and refractory chest pain. METHODS Simultaneous 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and 24-hour continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) (Holter) results were obtained for 64 patients. Ischemic events and cardiac drug prescriptions were compared between the patients with and without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients fulfilling the GERD criteria received 14-day therapy with omeprazole at a dose of 20 mg bid. The results of the 24-hour pH monitoring, Holter and the SF-36 questionnaire were compared before treatment and again after two weeks of therapy. RESULTS GERD was identified in 38 (69%) patients, with 49% of all chest pain occurring in association with acid reflux. A higher incidence (p=0.033) and longer duration (p=0.040) of ischemic events were observed in the GERD (+) patients. More frequent combined use of cardiac drugs was found in the GERD (+) patients. However, fewer ischemic events and greater total SF-36 survey scores were noted after PPI therapy in the GERD (+) patients. CONCLUSION Acid reflux is common in patients with CAD and refractory chest pain. Refractory chest pain in patients with CAD can be partially noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) secondary to acid reflux. The combined use of common cardiac drugs may predispose or aggravate GERD. Short-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy not only restores a normal esophageal pH, but also significantly improves the general health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients.
THE DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY BACKGROUND FROM TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

The origin of the diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) has been intensively studied but remains unsettled. Current popular source candidates include unresolved star-forming galaxies, starburst galaxies, and blazars. In this paper, we calculate the EGB contribution from the interactions of cosmic rays accelerated by Type Ia supernovae (SNe), extending earlier work that only included core-collapse SNe. We consider Type Ia events not only in star-forming galaxies, but also in quiescent galaxies that lack star formation. In the case of star-forming galaxies, consistently including Type Ia events makes little change to the star-forming EGB prediction, so long as both SN types have the same cosmic-ray acceleration efficiencies in star-forming galaxies. Thus, our updated EGB estimate continues to show that star-forming galaxies can represent a substantial portion of the signal measured by Fermi. In the case of quiescent galaxies, conversely, we find a wide range of possibilities for the EGB contribution. The dominant uncertainty we investigated comes from the mass in hot gas in these objects, which provides targets for cosmic rays; total gas masses are as yet poorly known, particularly at larger radii. Additionally, the EGB estimation is very sensitive to the cosmic-ray acceleration efficiency and confinement, especially in quiescent galaxies. In the most optimistic allowed scenarios, quiescent galaxies can be an important source of the EGB. In this case, star-forming galaxies and quiescent galaxies together will dominate the EGB and leave little room for other contributions. If other sources, such as blazars, are found to have important contributions to the EGB, then either the gas mass or cosmic-ray content of quiescent galaxies must be significantly lower than in their star-forming counterparts. In any case, improved Fermi EGB measurements will provide important constraints on hot gas and cosmic rays in quiescent galaxies.
Disposition kinetics and tissue residues of danofloxacin in Muscovy ducks

1. The disposition kinetics and plasma availability of danofloxacin in Muscovy ducks after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administrations of 5 mg/kg body weight were investigated. 2. Tissue residue profiles (liver, kidney and muscle) and plasma were also studied after multiple intramuscular and oral administration of 5 mg/kg once daily for 5 consecutive days. 3. The concentrations of the drug in the plasma and tissues were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection on samples collected at frequent intervals after drug administration. 4. Following intravenous injection, plasma concentration vs. time curves were best described by a two compartment open model. The decline in plasma drug concentration was bi-exponential with half-lives of (t 1/2α) 0·08 h and (t 1/2β) 3·91 h for distribution and elimination phases, respectively. 5. After intramuscular and oral administration of danofloxacin at the same dose the peak plasma concentrations (C max) were 0·89 and 0·81 µg/ml and attained at 1·17 and 1·21 h (T max), respectively, and the elimination half-lives (T 1/2el) were 2·91 and 2·39 h, respectively. The systemic bioavailabilities were 103·21 and 89·26%, following i.m. and oral admisistartion, respectively. In vitro protein binding percent of danofloxacin in Muscovy ducks plasma was 17%. 6. The tissue level following i.m. and oral administration were highest in liver and kidney, respectively, and decreased in the following order: plasma and muscle. No danofloxacin residues were detected in tissues and plasma after 96 h with either route of administration except in liver and kidney, after 120 h in case of oral administration.
Empire and Romance: Movie-Induced Tourism and the Case of the Sissi Movies

Abstract Recent literature discusses movies and television as determinants of destinations' image formation influencing tourists' travel decisions. However, there still exists a lack of knowledge regarding the details of such screen-related influences on travel behaviour. This study attempts to shed light on these screen-related aspects and their role in influencing travel decisions and travel behaviour at the destination. In particular, it examines the role of the Austro-German Sissi movies in attracting visitors to Vienna (Austria). The movies were shot during the 1950s and Vienna served as a major set for the movie. Based on a review of the major literature in the field of movie-induced tourism and the empirical survey the authors are able to derive implications for destination marketing and further research recommendations. Questionnaires were distributed amongst visitors of Sissi-related heritage sites. The findings support the importance of movie-induced tourism by illustrating that the Sissi movies contributed to travellers' choice to visit Vienna and the film location.
Phishing web sites features classification based on extreme learning machine

Phishing are one of the most common and most dangerous attacks among cybercrimes. The aim of these attacks is to steal the information used by individuals and organizations to conduct transactions. Phishing websites contain various hints among their contents and web browser-based information. The purpose of this study is to perform Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) based classification for 30 features including Phishing Websites Data in UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository database. For results assessment, ELM was compared with other machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB) and detected to have the highest accuracy of 95.34%.
Epithelial-cell-specific transcriptional regulation of human Galbeta1,3GalNAc/Galbeta1,4GlcNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (hST3Gal IV) gene.

The mRNA expression of the sialyltransferase genes is regulated in a cell type specific manner. We show here the epithelium cell-specific transcriptional regulation of the human Galbeta1, 3GalNAc/Galbeta1, 4 GlcNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase gene (hST3Gal IV). Using a luciferase assay, we identified a functional DNA portion within hST3Gal IV genomic DNA that confers an epithelial cell line specific enhancer, located in nucleotide number (nt) -520 to -420 within the B3 promoter. This element contains two sequences similar to AP2 recognition motifs. Co-transfection with an AP2 expression vector stimulated the enhancer activity of nt -520 to -420 element eight-fold compared with that using parental vector. Site-directed mutagenesis of AP2 sites showed that two AP2 motifs are essential for enhancer activity in HeLa cells. These results suggest that AP2 plays a critical role in the epithelium-cell specific transcriptional regulation of the hST3Gal IV gene.
The Existence of Equilibrium in Discontinuous Economic Games, II: Applications

In part I of this study we established two existence theorems for mixed-strategy equilibrium in games with discontinuous payoff functions (see Theorems 4(4*) and 5(5*) in Dasgupta and Maskin (1986); hereafter D-M (1986)). In this second part we use the second of these two theorems to prove the existence of mixed-strategy equilibrium in some wellknown discontinuous economic games that fail to have pure-strategy equilibria. The models we analyse are the Bertrand-Edgeworth example of price setting duopolists with capacity constraints (see Section 2.2); price competition among firms producing differentiated products (Hotelling (1929) and d'Aspremont, Gabszewicz and Thisse (1979); see Section 2.3); spatial competition (Eaton and Lipsey (1975) and Shaked (1975); see Section 3); and models of market dependent information (Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976) and Wilson (1977); Section 4). The paper concludes (Section 5) with a classification of these models.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: NEB-1 PRRSV Infection did not Potentiate Bacterial Pathogens

A 2-phase study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the NEB-1 strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to potentiate common bacterial pathogens of swine. In phase I, 25 of 50 4-5-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were exposed to NEB-1 PRRSV (day 0). Seven days after virus inoculation, 8 groups received 1 of 4 bacterial pathogens: Haemophihs parasuis, Streptococcus suis, Salmonella cholerasuis, and Pasteurella multocida. The ability of NEB-1 PRRSV to produce clinical disease, viremia, neutralizing antibody, gross and microscopic lesions and to potentiate bacterial pathogens was assessed. Response to NEB-1 PRRSV was similar among inoculated pigs; prolonged hyperthermia, lethargy, mild to moderate dyspnea, and cutaneous erythema were consistent clinical signs. No clinical differences were observed in groups after bacterial challenge. Virus was isolated from serum at weekly intervals through the end of the study, and all PRRSV-inoculated pigs had seroconverted by study termination. Two of 5 pigs died in non-PRRSV-inoculated groups challenged with H. parasuis and Streptococcus suis. Mortality in PRRSV-infected pigs was limited to 1 of 5 pigs from the Salmonella cholerasuis-challenged group. Gross lesions were seen in pigs dying after inoculation in H. parasuis- and Streptococcus suis-inoculated groups, in Salmonella cholerasuis-and P. multocida-challenged pigs, and in 1 non-PRRSV-inoculated control pig. Microscopic lesions consisted of mild to moderate proliferative interstitial pneumonia, nonsuppurative myocarditis, lymphoid hyperplasia, and nonsuppurative encephalitis in PRRSV-inoculated pigs. Findings in phase I indicated that NEB-1 PRRSV does not potentiate bacterial disease while inducing consistent clinical signs, viremia, seroconversion, and microscopic lesions. Based upon initial findings in phase I, in phase II, 18 of 36 4-6-week-old SPF pigs were exposed to NEB-1 PRRSV (day 0). Two days after virus inoculation, 2 of 4 groups were exposed to either Streptococcus suis or P. multocida. Clinical findings were similar to those of phase I. One of 6 pigs died in each of the Streptococcus suis-challenged groups. Animals succumbed 3 and 5 days after bacterial challenge in the non-PRRSV-inoculated and PRRSV-inoculated groups, respectively. Mild gross and microscopic pulmonary lesions were observed. Phase II findings support the conclusions of phase I that NEB-1 PRRSV does not potentiate certain bacterial infections of swine.