Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A pr 1 99 6 Optical Rotation Curves of Distant Field Galaxies I : Keck Results at Redshifts to z ∼

Spatially resolved velocity profiles are presented for nine faint field galaxies in the redshift range 0.1 ∼< z ∼< 1, based on moderate–resolution spectroscopy obtained with the Keck 10 m telescope. These data were augmented with high–resolution Hubble Space Telescope images from WFPC2, which provided V and I photometry, galaxy type, orientation, and inclination. The effects of seeing, slit width, and slit misalignment with respect to galaxy major axis were modeled along with inclination for each source, in order to derive a maximum circular velocity from the observed rotation curve. The lowest redshift galaxy, though highly elongated, shows a distorted low–amplitude rotation curve that suggests a merger in progress seen perpendicular to the collision path. The remaining rotation curves appear similar to those of local galaxies in both form and amplitude, implying that some massive disks were in place at z ∼ 1. The key result is that the kinematics of these distant galaxies show evidence for only a modest increase in luminosity (∆MB ∼< 0.6) compared to velocity–luminosity (Tully–Fisher) relations for local galaxies. Subject headings: galaxies: kinematics and dynamics — galaxies: evolution
Mathematics of Operations Research Running Errands in Time: Approximation Algorithms for Stochastic Orienteering*

Authors are encouraged to submit new papers to INFORMS journals by means of a style file template, which includes the journal title. However, use of a template does not certify that the paper has been accepted for publication in the named journal. INFORMS journal templates are for the exclusive purpose of submitting to an INFORMS journal and should not be used to distribute the papers in print or online or to submit the papers to another publication. In the Stochastic Orienteering problem, we are given a finite metric space, where each node contains a job with some deterministic reward and a random processing time. The processing time distributions are known and independent across nodes. However the actual processing time of a job is not known until it is completely processed. The objective is to compute a non-anticipatory policy to visit nodes (and run the corresponding jobs) so as to maximize the total expected reward, subject to the total distance traveled plus the total processing time being at most a given budget of B. This problem combines aspects of the stochastic knapsack problem with uncertain item sizes [18], as well as the deterministic orienteering problem [8]. In this paper, we consider both non-adaptive and adaptive policies for Stochastic Orienteering. We present a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the non-adaptive version, and an O(log log B)-approximation algorithm for the adap-tive version. We extend both these results to directed metrics and a more general sequence orienteering problem. Finally, we address the Stochastic Orienteering problem when the node rewards are also random and possibly correlated with the processing time, and obtain an O(log n log B)-approximation algorithm; here n is the number of nodes in the metric. All our results for adaptive policies also bound the corresponding " adaptivity gaps ". 1. Introduction Consider the following problem: you start your day at home with a set of jobs to run at various locations (e.g., at the bank, the post office, the grocery store), but you only have limited time to run those jobs in (say, you have from 9am until 5pm, when all these shops close). Each successfully completed job j gives you some fixed reward r j. You know the time it takes you to travel between the various job locations: these distances are deterministic and form a metric (V, d). However, you do not know the amount of time you will spend processing …
A hybrid algorithm for the robust graph coloring problem

A hybridalgorithm which combines mathematical programming techniques (Kruskal’s algorithm and the strategy of maintaining arc consistency to solve constraint satisfaction problem “CSP”) and heuristic methods (musical composition method and DSATUR) to resolve the robust graph coloring problem (RGCP) is proposed in this paper. Experimental result shows that this algorithm is better than the other algorithms presented on the literature.
The Role of University in Forming International Collaborations: what can We Learn from the West

With globalization, threats by the entry of foreign firms are inevitable, and firms are pushed to continuously innovate to remain competitive in the ever-evolving market. To remain innovative and counter the threats from foreign firms, be it product or services, local firms start to seek international collaborations. Through international collaborations, local firms then have access to technology and knowledge for innovation. Existing research has indicated that smaller businesses are less able to form international collaborative innovation owing to their limited capability. While the extant literature focuses on the role of government in fostering innovation, less is known about the role of university, more so on what Indonesia can learn from the West. This research adopts qualitative research method with longitudinal data covering a duration of 4 years. Using a government funded innovation program run by Lancaster University in United Kingdom (UK), we provide preliminary result analysis as a basis to work further to contribute to our knowledge on international collaborative innovation.
Optical remote sensing of the Gulf of Gabès – relation between turbidity, Secchi depth and total suspended matter

Abstract. Optical remote sensing is used here in the Gulf of Gabes to provide scientific information to support environmental management. The Gulf of Gabes is located in the southern east coast of Tunisia. It is a shallow continental shelf with semi-diurnal tides with average amplitude of 2 m. Industrial activities in this area since the early 1970s may have contributed to the degradation of the biodiversity of the ecosystem with eutrophication problems, and disappearance of benthic and planktonic species. To assess the long-term effect of anthropogenic and natural discharges on the Gulf of Gabes, turbidity and light penetration in the coastal waters is assessed from in situ measurements of total suspended matter concentration (TSM), Secchi depth and turbidity (TU) and from remote sensing data using a semi empirical algorithm to retrieve turbidity and total suspended matter products from moderate resolution imaging spectrometer MODIS Level 2 (L2) data.
GJI Geomagnetism, rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism Archaeomagnetism in Italy: a compilation of data including new results and a preliminary Italian secular variation curve

SUMMARY Published Italian archaeomagnetic data are combined with new data from the Geneve and Torino laboratories. A total of 74 directional data is presented with age estimates falling between 1300 BC to 1600 AD, including results from volcanic deposits of unquestionable age. The data set has been analysed using the Bayesian stochastic approach for curve building to produce a preliminary Italian secular variation (SV) curve. Comparison with the French SV curve shows a general agreement but some significant differences are also observed. The new Italian SV curve can be used for archaeomagnetic dating of Italian artefacts, even though caution must be paid for the period 9th-12th century AD and times older than 8th century BC, when only few data are available and error envelopes are large.
Infrequent Changes of the Policy Target: Robust Optimal Monetary Policy under Ambiguity

In many countries, the monetary policy instrument sometimes remains unchanged for a long period and shows infrequent responses to exogenous shocks. The purpose of this paper is to provide a new explanation on why the central bank's policy instrument remains unchanged. In the analysis, we explore how uncertainty on the private agents' expectations affects robust optimal monetary policy. We apply the Choquet expected decision theory to a new Keynesian model. A main result is that the policymaker may frequently keep the interest rate unchanged even when exogenous shocks change output gaps and inflation rates. This happens because a change of the interest rate increases additional uncertainty for the policymaker. To the extent that the policymaker has uncertainty aversion, it can therefore be optimal for the policymaker to maintain an unchanged policy stance for some significant periods and to make discontinuous changes of the target rate. Our analysis departs from previous studies in that we determine an optimal monetary policy rule that allows time-variant feedback parameters in a Taylor rule. We show that if the policymaker has small uncertainty aversion, the calibrated optimal stop-go policy rule can predict actual target rates of FRB and ECB reasonably well.
First report of Mycena clavata (Fungi, Agaricales) in the Czech Republic including notes on its taxonomy, phylogenetic position and ecology.

The rare gilled fungus Mycena clavata is reported from the Czech Republic for the first time. It was found on large fallen trunks of Picea abies in Boubínský prales virgin forest, the best preserved montane old-growth forest in the country. The basidiomata occurred in the lower half of the trunks, either on their upper or lateral sides, on bark covered by mosses, on bare bark, or directly on wood covered by mosses, in wet times of the year. Descriptions and photographs of macroand microcharacters are provided and data on the distribution and ecology of M. clavata are summarised. The species was sequenced for the first time. ITS-LSU rDNA sequences confirmed the species’ distinct position and showed that M. clavata belongs to a moderately supported clade consisting of various Mycena and Hemimycena species, some of them recently transferred to the vaguely delimited genus Phloeomana.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN HAINAN ISLAND BASED ON RS & GIS

RS is at present the primary and effective means for measurement of ecological conditions. GIS provides an efficient tool to analyze the status and the changes of ecological environment. Information from 1987 vegetation distribution map, 1988 soil erosion map and 1998 TM Landsat data are extracted to construct ecological map and to evaluate the landscape ecological forms in Hainan Province according to the theory of landscape ecology by using the method of integration of visual interpretation and supervised classification with the help of GIS. The result shows that the quality of the ecological environment in Hainan declines from the central part of the island to its periphery. The ecological environment of the forest system is good, while that of parts of the agrarian system is worse.
Injuries in a Professional Ballet Dance Company a 10-year Retrospective Study

Ballet dancers are high-performance athletes who are particularly susceptible to a wide variety of musculoskeletal injuries. However, they are relatively understudied, and data on their injury rates are lacking. This retrospective study features the largest aggregate data on professional ballet dancers to date and aims to identify the most common diagnoses and areas of injury in this unique population to better direct preventative and clinical practices. The study encompassed a 10-year period from January 2000 to December 2010 of dancers from a single company. Data regarding the dancers’ age, gender, location of injury, and diagnosis were collected from workers’ compensation claims, company records, and medical records maintained by the treating doctors. These were analyzed to determine metrics on injury incidence, frequency, and diagnosis. Over the 10-year span, 574 injuries occurred. There were approximately 52 dancers per year for a total of 153 who danced at least one complete season during the study period. The average age was 27, and 53% were female. Given turnover with retirement and replacements, the total number of dancer-years was 520, indicating an injury incidence per annum of 1.10 (574 injuries per 520 dancer-years). The most common locations of injury were foot and ankle and the lumbar spine, with the three most common diagnoses making up greater than a third (37%) of the total. As the current largest study in professional ballet, the findings set the benchmark metrics for musculoskeletal injury to the foot, ankle, and lumbar spine sites. Future studies should aim to identify injury risk factors and modalities for prevention of these injuries.
What's Wrong with Beautiful?: An Exploration of Gender Bias in Related Programs

In recent years, the way boys and girls are socialized has become an increasingly popular topic of research. There is evidence that the ways in which children are socialized differently based on their gender can have adverse effects on both boys and girls. Two primary forms of sexist behavior and beliefs have been clearly identified and validated in the empirical research literature. Benevolent sexism is defined as statements, actions, or behaviors that seem positive but implicitly communicate that women should not stray from “traditional” gender roles, which are often perceived as inferior to men’s roles. Hostile sexism is a more overt form of sexism and is often recognized by observers and targets as unacceptable. Sexist beliefs and behaviors, including the words used to communicate with boys and girls, shape our culture and have effects on the self-esteem and perceived self-worth of young people and are worthy topics of study. In this study, we examined the differences between two manuals for the male and female versions of a program whose goal is to mold adolescents into strong leaders. Analyses were both qualitative and quantitative, and focused on assessing the differences between the materials provided to the participants prior to attending these programs. Quantitative analysis revealed that the boys’ program was higher in achievement-oriented words and independence-oriented words. Qualitative analysis also revealed differences in programming choices, availability of programmonogramed clothing, and rules regarding interaction with the other sex. Introduction Two primary forms of sexist behavior and beliefs have been clearly identified and validated in the empirical research literature. Glick & Fiske (e.g., 2000) have completed a comprehensive set of studies exploring the two forms of sexism. Hostile sexism produces overtly WHAT’S WRONG WITH BEAUTIFUL? :AN EXPLORATION OF GENDER BIAS IN RELATED PROGRAMS 2
Bowseria arctowskii gen. et sp. nov., new monothalamous foraminiferan from the Southern Ocean

Bowseria arctowskii gen. et sp. nov., a new organic−walled monothalamous (sin− gle−chamber) foraminiferan is described from samples collected in Admiralty Bay (King George Island, West Antarctica) at 100-200 m water−depth (mwd). The species is charac− terized by a large (1-2 mm) elongate theca with a single terminal aperture. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on partial small subunit rDNA sequences, indicate that the new species belong to a clade of single−chambered foraminifers that branch as a sister group to the multi−chambered textulariids and rotaliids. The most closely related to the new spe− cies is an undetermined allogromiid from under the Ross Ice Shelf. Key wor ds: Antarctica, South Shetlands, Foraminifera, Recent.
A mechanism for water weakening of elastic moduli and mechanical strength of chalk

Water weakening of chalk shear modulus and mechanical strength of chalk can be described as a consequence of solid liquid interaction at the pore level. When pores are narrow, deformation of the chalk not only depends on stiffness of the solid frame, but also on the kinematic viscosity of the pore fluid, because the pore fluid has to give way. Atmospheric air has a higher kinematic viscosity than water, so chalk saturated with dry air is stiffer than chalk saturated with water. The effect of this viscous air becomes significant when pore radius is close to or is smaller than the mean free path of atmospheric air molecules.
Short-Term Uplift Rates and Surface Deformation along the Reelfoot Fault, New Madrid Seismic Zone

Abstract This study of variability in the amount and rate of deformation along the intraplate Reelfoot fault of the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) utilizes diverse research methods, including geophysics, geomorphology, and fluvial sedimentology. The transpressional Reelfoot fault deforms late Holocene Mississippi River sediment into the Tiptonville dome and adjacent Reelfoot basin. Because Reelfoot Lake submerges a portion of the basin, subbottom acoustic profiling of the lake was used to quantify the relief on the uplift. At the natural levee of the abandoned Tiptonville meander, the most appropriate landform along the scarp for measuring cumulative structural relief, a maximum relative vertical uplift of approximately 11.3 m was measured. To identify spatial and temporal variability in surface deformation using geologic methods, we relate fluvial sedimentation to three documented earthquake events during the past 2300 yr (Tuttle et al. , 2002, 2005), which is the approximate age of the oldest deformed floodplain sediment (Guccione et al. , 2002). Radiocarbon dates from organic material in fluvial and lacustrine sediment indicate that most of the uplift occurred during the last two major seismic events. A minimum of 1.6–3.9 m of uplift was associated with the seismic episode at A.D. 1450±150 and a maximum of 5.9–8.2 m of uplift was associated with the 1812 episode. We estimate a mean short-term uplift rate of 1.2 cm/yr (0.4–2.1 cm/yr with 80% probability) or a mean short-term slip rate of 1.3 cm/yr (0.5–2.3 cm/yr with 80% probability). These values are approximately 2.5 times higher than the long-term rates based on the total amount of uplift averaged over the past 2300 yr (Mueller et al. , 1999; Van Arsdale, 2000). Estimating deformation rates associated with individual earthquake recurrences provides information on fluctuating activity of the NMSZ.
Orientation entrepreneuriale : racines et bourgeons.

L’objectif de cette these est d’apporter de nouveaux eclairages theoriques et empiriques sur les mecanismes d’entrepreneuriat organisationnel, et plus precisement « orientation entrepreneuriale » (OE). Afin de mieux comprendre ce phenomene, cette dissertation est le fruit de quatre efforts successifs : - Identifier ce qu’est l’orientation entrepreneuriale en le distinguant de ce que ce n’est pas - Comprendre comment le construit « OE » s’integre dans les principaux modeles d’entrepreneuriat organisationnel - Offrir une discussion critique en synthetisant et mappant les questions existantes, devoilant qu’il y a en fait au moins quatre conceptualisations derriere « OE », parmi lesquelles la conceptualisation initiale de Miller (1983), ignoree ou incomprise. - Pour poursuivre dans l’intention de Miller, je propose une tamie dexono firmes selon leur gestalt d’OE, ainsi que les caracteristiques propres de chaque configuration. Par une meilleure comprehension du phenomene d’entrepreneuriat organisationnel, cette these propose de contribuer a la litterature en entrepreneuriat, en management strategique, et en management.
A novel monocular visual navigation method for cotton-picking robot based on horizontal spline segmentation

Visual navigation is a fundamental technique of intelligent cotton-picking robot. There are many components and cover in the cotton field, which make difficulties of furrow recognition and trajectory extraction. In this paper, a new field navigation path extraction method is presented. Firstly, the color image in RGB color space is pre-processed by the OTSU threshold algorithm and noise filtering. Secondly, the binary image is divided into numerous horizontally spline areas. In each area connected regions of neighboring images’ vertical center line are calculated by the Two-Pass algorithm. The center points of the connected regions are candidate points for navigation path. Thirdly, a series of navigation points are determined iteratively on the principle of the nearest distance between two candidate points in neighboring splines. Finally, the navigation path equation is fitted by the navigation points using the least squares method. Experiments prove that this method is accurate and effective. It is suitable for visual navigation in the complex environment of cotton field in different phases.
Learning Small Trees and Graphs that Generalize

In this Thesis we study issues related to learning small tree and graph formed classifiers. First, we study reduced error pruning of decision trees and branching programs. We analyze the behavior of a reduced error pruning algorithm for decision trees under various probabilistic assumptions on the pruning data. As a result we get, e.g., new upper bounds for the probability of replacing a tree that fits random noise by a leaf. In the case of branching programs we show that the existence of an efficient approximation algorithm for reduced error pruning would imply P=NP. This indicates that reduced error pruning of branching programs is most likely impossible in practice, even though the corresponding problem for decision trees is easily solvable in linear time. The latter part of the Thesis is concerned with generalization error analysis, more particularly on Rademacher penalization applied to small or otherwise restricted decision trees. We develop a progressive sampling method based on Rademacher penalization that yields reasonable data dependent sample complexity estimates for learning two-level decision trees. Next, we propose a new scheme for deriving generalization error bounds for prunings of induced decision trees. The method for computing these bounds efficiently relies on the reduced error pruning algorithm studied in the first part of this Thesis. Our empirical experiments indicate that the obtained training set bounds may be almost tight enough to be useful in practice.
Military Expenditure, Spending Capacity and Budget Constraint in Eighteenth-Century Spain and Britain*

ABSTRACT Using new public spending statistics for Spain and other various indicators we show that Spain and Britain suffered larger increases in public expenditure in the periods in which they fought each other and other countries. The British Exchequer spent much more than its Spanish counterpart, especially on the Army and Navy and debt repayment. This situation helps to explain why Britain emerged victorious against Spain in the majority of these wars and was a consequence of the political and institutional changes made in England from 1688 onwards, reducing budget constraint and allowing Britain to mobilise the necessary resources to become the leading world power. In Spain, however, the changes required to eliminate the country's history of bankruptcies and increase its spending capacity were not made. RESUMEN Utilizando unas nuevas series del gasto de la Hacienda española y algunos otros indicadores se comprueba que España y Gran Bretaña sufrieron grandes aumentos del gasto público en aquellos periodos en que guerrearon entre sí y con otros países. El Estado británico gastó mucho más dinero que el español, sobre todo en los capítulos militares y el servicio de la Deuda, lo que contribuye a explicar por qué Gran Bretaña venció a España en la mayoría de los conflictos que libraron ambos países. Esto era, en buena parte, una consecuencia de los cambios políticos e institucionales llevados a cabo en Inglaterra a fines del siglo XVII, que limitaron las restricciones presupuestarias y facilitaron que Gran Bretaña llegara a ser la primera potencia mundial, mientras que en España no se hicieron las transformaciones necesarias para hacer olvidar su larga tradición de bancarrotas y aumentar su capacidad de gasto.