Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employability Skills Required amongst Unemployed Youth: A Case at Beverly Hills in the Sedibeng District, Southern Gauteng

The numbers of highly qualified, skilled and unemployed youth are increasing even though companies claim to be looking for skilled employees. The researcher is of the opinion that by assessing youth skills with the purpose of empowerment, the youth would broaden their options, revealing to them domains that they might not have thought of. It is in this regard that the paper intend to discover the skills required for employment purpose among school going youth. Quantitative and qualitative research approach was applied in this study, while the population for the study was four key target groups. The four key target groups of the target population consisted of the grade 11 and grade 12, unemployed graduates and matriculates at Beverly Hills in the Sedibeng district. A total number of 180 young persons were selected from a possible 7391 young people, to form part of the study. In analyzing the data, the researcher collected questionnaires and structured interviews for triangulation purposes. The study established that 60% of the unemployed youth are in possession of Grade 12 certificates, while 29% are either furthering studies at Universities or Further Education and Training Colleges. Only 11% have no formal education in the form of completing their grade 12 certificates. The argument that the increase in the rate of unemployment is as a result of lack of basic education is not a valid argument. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n3p132
Comparison of characteristics of human spermatozoa selected by the multiple‐tube swim‐up and simple discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation

Summary. The multiple‐tube swim‐up (MT‐SU) and simple, discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation are two recent methods for the processing of human spermatozoa for assisted reproductive technologies. The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of these two methods on various parameters of spermatozoal qualities of normospermic semen samples. Both methods were found to select spermatozoa of better percentage motility, percentage normal morphology, viability, functional integrity of plasma membrane, movement characteristics including the curvilinear velocity, linearity of movement and head beat frequency, and in vitro fertilizing capacity with comparable degree of efficacy. It is concluded that both methods are effective for the separation of spermatozoa from normospermic semen samples for use in infertility treatment.
Meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk in Japan: The Takayama study

Compared with the abundant data from Western countries, evidence regarding meat consumption and colorectal cancer is limited in the Japanese population. We evaluated colorectal cancer risk in relation to meat consumption in a population‐based prospective cohort study in Japan. Participants were 13 957 men and 16 374 women aged ≥35 years in September 1992. Meat intake, assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire, was controlled for the total energy intake. The incidence of colorectal cancer was confirmed through regional population‐based cancer registries and histological identification from colonoscopy in two main hospitals in the study area. From September 1992 to March 2008, 429 men and 343 women developed colorectal cancer. After adjustments for multiple confounders, a significantly increased relative risk of colorectal cancer was observed in the highest versus lowest quartile of the intake of total and red meat among men; the estimated hazard ratios were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.79) for total meat (P for trend = 0.022), and 1.44 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.89) for red meat (P for trend = 0.009). A positive association between processed meat intake and colon cancer risk was also observed in men. There was no significant association between colorectal cancer and meat consumption in women. These results suggest that the intake of red and processed meat increases the risk of colorectal or colon cancer among Japanese men. Abstaining from excessive consumption of meat might be protective against developing colorectal cancer.
POSTER: Cross-platform malware: write once, infect everywhere

In this ongoing work we perform the first systematic investigation of cross-platform (X-platform) malware. As a first step, this paper presents an exploration into existing X-platform malware families and X-platform vulnerabilities used to distribute them. Our exploration shows that X-platform malware uses a wealth of methods to achieve portability. It also shows that exploits for X-platform vulnerabilities are X-platform indeed and readily available in commercial exploit kits, making them an inexpensive distribution vector for X-platform malware.
Fuzzing test data generation based on message matrix perturbation with keyword reference

Network protocol fuzzing tries to test the robustness of a protocol implementation through exploring the infinite amount of possible anomalous inputs to find the tests that cause invalid behaviors. Therefore, protocol fuzzing is regarded as security testing, since it is essential to prove robustness in networks. Although many good practices have been done to improve protocol fuzzing, problems in automated test case generation are still unsolved. Traditional methods using formal language and protocol specification have evident defects, especially in close networks. In order to provide useful references for test data generation, protocol reverse engineering becomes a suitable solution. But approaches adopted during the last decades cost much in computational complexity and time consumption. To break through these limitations, this paper proposes a novel message matrix perturbing mode to generate test case through data mutation for application layer protocol. It is established on the basis of the mapping relationship according to ASCII code. After the conversion from a protocol message to an integer matrix, meta-perturbations can be conducted to generate test data in all syntax levels, which preserves the flexibility in complex mutating combinations. Additionally, a new statistical keyword extracting technique with priority recursive splitting pattern is introduced to provide useful information for intelligent data mutation. Finally, we evaluate the method on HTTP request message. With the transformed message matrix and corresponding keyword reference, test cases examples for protocol fuzzing are generated through perturbing process with the combination of meta-operations. Fairly good outcomes are achieved which illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the work in this paper.
Functional and structural impact of the most prevalent missense mutations in classic galactosemia

Galactose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) is a key enzyme in galactose metabolism, particularly important in the neonatal period due to ingestion of galactose‐containing milk. GALT deficiency results in the genetic disorder classic galactosemia, whose pathophysiology is still not fully elucidated. Whereas classic galactosemia has been hypothesized to result from GALT misfolding, a thorough functional–structural characterization of GALT most prevalent variants was still lacking, hampering the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural–functional effects of nine GALT mutations, four of which account for the vast majority of the mutations identified in galactosemic patients. Several methodologies were employed to evaluate the mutations' impact on GALT function, on the protein secondary and tertiary structures, and on the aggregation propensity. The major structural effect concerns disturbed propensity for aggregation, particularly striking for the p.Q188R variant, resulting from the most frequent (~60%) allele at a worldwide scale. The absence of major effects at the secondary and tertiary structure levels suggests that the disturbed aggregation results from subtle perturbations causing a higher and/or longer exposure of hydrophobic residues in the variants as compared to WT GALT. The results herein described indicate a possible benefit from introducing proteostasis regulators and/or chemical/pharmacological chaperones to prevent the accumulation of protein aggregates, in new avenues of therapeutic research for classic galactosemia.
Long-Acting Propranolol in Migraine Prophylaxis: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

The efficacy and safety of long-acting propranolol (LA.P), 160 mg once-daily, in the prophylactic treatment of migraine have been tested against placebo in a multicentric, double-blind, randomized study. The two groups are compared in a parallel manner over a treatment period of 12 weeks, following a 4-week placebo run-in period. Fifty-five of the 74 patients who entered the trial were included at the end of the run-in period. Forty-one patients completed the study. None of the 14 patients who withdrew from the study did so because of side effects. The statistical analysis was done according to the “intention to treat” principle. LA.P was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the frequency of migraine attacks (p = 0.01 by variance analysis). LA.P reduced the average number of monthly crises by 48% on day 84. There was a slight but significant reduction of the systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the erect position, but there was no significant difference between LA.P and placebo regarding either the number of complaints or the number of side effects elicited out of a 17-item questionnaire. None of the observed side effects led to a withdrawal from treatment.
3D-based monocular SLAM for mobile agents navigating in indoor environments

This paper presents a novel algorithm for 3D depth estimation using a particle filter (PFDE - particle filter depth estimation) in a monocular vSLAM (visual simultaneous localization and mapping) framework. We present our implementation on an omnidirectional mobile robot equipped with a single monochrome camera and discuss experimental results obtained in our Assistive Kitchen project and its potential in the Cognitive Factory project. A 3D spatial feature map is built using an extended Kalman filter state-estimator for navigation use. A new measurement model consisting of a unique combination between a ROI (region of interest) feature detector and a ZNSSD (zero-mean normalized sum-of-squared differences) descriptor is presented. The algorithm runs in realtime and can build maps for table-size volumes.
An Efficient Data Layout Transformation Algorithm for Locality-Aware Parallel Sparse FFT

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is one of the most important numerical algorithms widely used in numerous scientific and engineering computations. With the emergence of big data problems, however, it is challenging to acquire, process and store a sufficient amount of data to compute the FFT in the first place. Recently developed sparse FFT (sFFT) algorithm provides a solution to this problem. sFFT computes a compressed Fourier transform by using only a small subset of the input data, thus achieving significant performance improvement. While the increase in the number of cores and memory bandwidth on modern architectures provide an opportunity to improve the performance through sophisticated parallel algorithm design, sFFT is inherently complex, and numerous challenges need to be addressed. Among all the challenges, sFFT falls into the category of irregular applications in which memory access patterns are indirect and irregular that exhibit poor data locality. In this paper, we explore data layout transformation algorithms to tackle the challenge. Our approach shows that an optimized and locality-aware parallel sFFT can perform 7x faster than the original sequential sFFT library on a multicore platform. This optimized locality-aware parallel sFFT is also approximately 10x faster than the parallel FFTW.
Modulation of Emotional Appraisal by False Physiological Feedback during fMRI

Background James and Lange proposed that emotions are the perception of physiological reactions. Two-level theories of emotion extend this model to suggest that cognitive interpretations of physiological changes shape self-reported emotions. Correspondingly false physiological feedback of evoked or tonic bodily responses can alter emotional attributions. Moreover, anxiety states are proposed to arise from detection of mismatch between actual and anticipated states of physiological arousal. However, the neural underpinnings of these phenomena previously have not been examined. Methodology/Principal Findings We undertook a functional brain imaging (fMRI) experiment to investigate how both primary and second-order levels of physiological (viscerosensory) representation impact on the processing of external emotional cues. 12 participants were scanned while judging face stimuli during both exercise and non-exercise conditions in the context of true and false auditory feedback of tonic heart rate. We observed that the perceived emotional intensity/salience of neutral faces was enhanced by false feedback of increased heart rate. Regional changes in neural activity corresponding to this behavioural interaction were observed within included right anterior insula, bilateral mid insula, and amygdala. In addition, right anterior insula activity was enhanced during by asynchronous relative to synchronous cardiac feedback even with no change in perceived or actual heart rate suggesting this region serves as a comparator to detect physiological mismatches. Finally, BOLD activity within right anterior insula and amygdala predicted the corresponding changes in perceived intensity ratings at both a group and an individual level. Conclusions/Significance Our findings identify the neural substrates supporting behavioural effects of false physiological feedback, and highlight mechanisms that underlie subjective anxiety states, including the importance of the right anterior insula in guiding second-order “cognitive” representations of bodily arousal state.
La "reputación online" de la información de vacunas en internet

El objetivo de esta investigacion1 ha sido: 1) identificar webs, blogs y prensa digital en las que tratan sobre vacunas y construir una taxonomia 2) monitorizar diariamente el discurso analizando variables cualitativas y cuantitativas 3) desarrollar un analisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los debates en terminos de la “Teoria del Frame” (Entman, 1993). Los resultados permiten obtener una clasificacion precisa y objetiva del discurso social contemporaneo sobre vacunas, conociendo los temas, canales, etc. mas relevantes, confirmando el empleo de estereotipos negativos por parte de determinados emisores de baja repercusion social ( antivacunas ) frente a un planteamiento riguroso mucho mas frecuente.
The Judgment of Garbage: End-of-Pipe Treatment and Waste Reduction

Many scholars have argued that systems for treating waste impede organizations from preventing waste in the first place. They theorize that end-of-pipe EOP treatment diminishes the incentive to avoid creating waste in the production process and obscures the information necessary to devise prevention techniques. This prediction has been widely accepted, influencing both policy and practice, despite both a lack of supporting empirical evidence and the existence of a counterprediction. In this paper, we use data describing U.S. manufacturing establishments from 1991 to 2005 to test the connection between EOP treatment and waste reduction. Our findings show that EOP treatment is associated with an initial jump in reported waste, followed by ongoing reduction. We analyze these results by exploring mechanisms that may drive this relationship. For practitioners, our paper provides critical guidance about strategies for reducing waste. For scholars of environmental management, our paper provides new insight on when facilities accomplish “source reduction” of process waste. For broader management theories of operations and organizational design, our analysis provides new insight on boundary conditions for extrapolation from existing theories. Finally, our paper provides new guidance for the formulation of effective regulatory policy. This paper was accepted by Christian Terwiesch, operations management.
Color Transforms for Creative Image Editing

In this paper, we present a uniﬁed approach for the problem of computing color transforms, applications of which include shadow removal, object recoloring, and scene relighting. The detection of source and target regions is performed using a Bayesian classiﬁer. Given these regions, the computed transform alters the color properties of the target region so as to closely resemble those of the source region. The proposed probabilistic formulation leads to a linear program (similar to the classic Trans-portation Problem), which computes the desired transformation between the target and source distributions. This formulation allows the target region to acquire the properties of the source region, while at the same time retaining its own look and feel. Promising results are shown for a variety of applications.
The Benefits of Residential Fieldwork for School Science: Insights from a five-year initiative for inner-city students in the UK

There is considerable international interest in the value of residential fieldwork for school students. In the UK, pressures on curriculum time, rising costs and heightened concern over students' safety are curtailing residential experiences. Collaboration between several key fieldwork providers across the UK created an extensive programme of residential courses for 11–14-year-olds in London schools from 2004 to 2008. Some 33,000 students from 849 schools took part. This paper draws on the evaluation of the programme that gathered questionnaire, interview and observational data from 2,706 participating students, 70 teachers and 869 parents/carers from 46 schools, mainly in deprived areas of the city. Our findings revealed that students' collaborative skills improved and interpersonal relationships were strengthened and taken back to school. Gains were strongest in social and affective domains, together with behavioural improvements for some students. Individual cognitive gains were revealed more convincingly during face-to-face interviews, rather than through survey items. Students from socially deprived backgrounds benefitted from exposure to learning environments which promoted authentic practical inquiry. Over the 5-year programme, combined physical adventure and real-world experiences proved to be popular with students and their teachers, and opened up opportunities for learning and doing science in ways not often accessible in urban school environments. Further programmes have been implemented in other parts of the UK as a result of the London experience, which build upon the provision of mixed curriculum-adventure course design. The popularity and apparent success of these combination courses suggest that providers need to consider the value of developing similar programmes in the future.
Access Point Security Service for wireless ad-hoc communication

In a windshield wiper system a washing liquid channel runs through a bore in the wiper shaft and extends through a bore in the cap of a wiper arm, so that in the operating position of the cap the nozzle is arranged on that side of the cap which is opposite a fastening member, so that, in comparison with prior constructions, good cleaning effect is achieved due to an enlarged spacing between nozzle and window pane to be cleaned. So that the protruding nozzle body does not impede swivelling of the cap, the bore in the cap is larger than the outer diameter of the nozzle body and the annular gap between the rim of the bore in the cap and the nozzle body may be closed by an additional cap.
Annual Research Review: On the developmental neuropsychology of substance use disorders.

BACKGROUND Adolescence represents a period of development during which critical biological, as well as social and cognitive, changes occur that are necessary for the transition into adulthood. A number of researchers have suggested that the pattern of normative brain changes that occurs during this period not only predisposes adolescents to engage in risk behaviours, such as experimentation with drugs, but that they additionally make the adolescent brain more vulnerable to the direct pharmacological impact of substances of abuse. The neural circuits that we examine in this review involve cortico-basal-ganglia/limbic networks implicated in the processing of rewards, emotion regulation, and the control of behaviour, emotion and cognition. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS We identify certain neurocognitive and personality/comorbidity-based risk factors for the onset of substance misuse during adolescence, and summarise the evidence suggesting that these risk factors may be further impacted by the direct effect of drugs on the underlying neural circuits implicated in substance misuse vulnerability.
Loneliness, self‐characterization and acquaintance in student groups

Of 637 students in Psychology I who responded to a loneliness survey. 30 volunteered. 4–5 months later. to take pan in a small-groups study of acquaintance. Subjects were unaware of the connection between these two exercises. They were asked to write and video-record character-sketches of themselves. Through these recordings. subjects were evaluated for desirability of acquaintanceship by members of other groups. Evidence in the literature supports the hypothesis that the lonely evaluate themselves and others negatively but that others, in general, do not view the lonely unfavourably. Results showed the contrary: (a) loneliness was significantly correlated (r(28) = −. 39.p < . 05) with being less attractive as an anot correlate with the evaluations they gave of others. Material from the character-sketches suggests ess of raters did why students were less interested in making the acquaintance of lonely individuals.
Exploring variation in nurse educators’ perceptions of the inclusive curriculum

This paper reports findings from a study into how nurse educators view the notion of an inclusive curriculum within their discipline. UK nurse education is professionally accredited, with substantial levels of work-based learning. Therefore, this analysis should be useful to practitioners on other professional courses. The study was based on a phenomenographic analysis of data collected from interviews with 15 nurse educators in one university. Analysis exposed wide variation in respondents’ perceptions and experiences of developing and delivering an inclusive curriculum. Much discussion focused on teaching students with disabilities and tutors expressed concern over implications regarding fitness for practice and public safety. However, there was recognition that diversity was a feature of the contemporary educational environment and that nursing courses had much to gain from inclusive practices. Key differences identified related to the extent to which change was required to current processes and practices. The findings indicated a concern over support for educators to manage these issues and suggested that in the absence of more robust direction, the student experience is shaped by the attitudes of individual tutors. In light of this, the author suggests that a coordinated and consistent response from the higher education establishment, professional bodies, practitioners and policy-makers is necessary to fully establish the notion of inclusive curricula in any professionally accredited course.