Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A universal relation of dust obscuration across cosmic time

We investigate dust obscuration as parameterised by the infrared excess IRX$\equiv$$L_{\rm IR}/L_{\rm UV}$ in relation to global galaxy properties, using a sample of $\sim$32$\,$000 local star-forming galaxies (SFGs) selected from SDSS, GALEX and WISE. We show that IRX generally correlates with stellar mass ($M_\ast$), star formation rate (SFR), gas-phase metallicity ($Z$), infrared luminosity ($L_{\rm IR}$) and the half-light radius ($R_{\rm e}$). A weak correlation of IRX with axial ratio (b/a) is driven by the inclination and thus seen as a projection effect. By examining the tightness and the scatter of these correlations, we find that SFGs obey an empirical relation of the form $IRX$=$10^\alpha\,(L_{\rm IR})^{\beta}\,R_{\rm e}^{-\gamma}\,(b/a)^{-\delta}$ where the power-law indices all increase with metallicity. The best-fitting relation yields a scatter of $\sim$0.17$\,$dex and no dependence on stellar mass. Moreover, this empirical relation also holds for distant SFGs out to $z=3$ in a population-averaged sense, suggesting it to be universal over cosmic time. Our findings reveal that IRX approximately increases with $L_{\rm IR}/R_{\rm e}^{[1.3 - 1.5]}$ instead of $L_{\rm IR}/R_{\rm e}^{2}$ (i.e., surface density). We speculate this may be due to differences in the spatial extent of stars versus star formation and/or complex star-dust geometries. We conclude that not stellar mass but IR luminosity, metallicity and galaxy size are the key parameters jointly determining dust obscuration in SFGs.
How much mass and angular momentum can the progenitors of carbon-enriched stars accrete?

The chemically peculiar barium stars, CH stars, and most CEMP stars are all believed to be the products of mass transfer in binary systems from a now extinct AGB primary star. The mass of the AGB star and the orbital parameters of the system are the key factors usually considered when determining how much mass is transferred onto the lower-mass main-sequence companion. What is usually neglected, however, is the angular momentum of the accreted material, which should spin up the accreting star. If the star reaches critical rotation, further accretion should cease until the excess angular momentum is somehow dealt with. If the star cannot redistribute or lose the angular momentum while the primary is on the AGB, the amount of mass accreted could be much lower than otherwise expected. Here we present calculations, based on detailed stellar evolution models, of the mass that can be accreted by putative progenitors of Ba and CEMP stars before they reach critical rotation under the assumption that no angular momentum loss occurs during the mass transfer. We consider different accretion rates and values of specific angular momentum. The most stringent limits on the accreted masses result from considering accretion from a Keplerian accretion disk, which is likely present during the formation of most extrinsically-polluted carbon-enriched stars. Our calculations indicate that in this scenario only about 0.05 solar masses of material can be added to the accreting star before it reaches critical rotation, which is much too low to explain the chemical enrichment of many Ba and CEMP stars. Either the specific angular momentum of the accreted material has to effectively be lower by about a factor of ten than the Keplerian value, or significant angular momentum losses must occur for substantial accretion to take place.
Reducing decoherence of the confined exciton state in a quantum dot by pulse-sequence control

We study the phonon-induced dephasing of the exciton state in a quantum dot excited by a sequence of ultra-short pulses. We show that the multiple-pulse control leads to a considerable improvement of the coherence of the optically excited state. For a fixed control time window, the optimized pulsed control often leads to a higher degree of coherence than the control by a smooth single Gaussian pulse. The reduction of dephasing is considerable already for 2-3 pulses.
XML for Domain Viewpoints

Within research institutions like CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) there are often disparate databases (different in format, type and structure) that users need to access in a domain-specific manner. Users may want to access a simple unit of information without having to understand detail of the underlying schema or they may want to access the same information from several different sources. It is neither desirable nor feasible to require users to have knowledge of these schemas. Instead it would be advantageous if a user could query these sources using his or her own domain models and abstractions of the data. This paper describes the basis of an XML (eXtended Markup Language) framework that provides this functionality and is currently being developed at CERN. The goal of the first prototype was to explore the possibilities of XML for data integration and model management. It shows how XML can be used to integrate data sources. The framework is not only applicable to CERN data sources but other environments too.
First record of the invasive dwarf surf clam Mulinia lateralis (Say 1822) in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Mulinia lateralis is a native bivalve from the Western Atlantic Ocean, distributed from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in Canada to Yucatan in Mexico. Based on morphological and genetic data of specimens collected in shrimp farms, in this work, we confirm the presence of M. lateralis in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Presence and its consequences of this invasive bivalve in the region is discussed.
Molecular Mechanism of Epimedium Extract against Ischemic Stroke Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Ischemic stroke exhibits high morbidity, disability, and mortality, and treatments for ischemic stroke are limited despite intensive research. The potent neuroprotective benefits of Epimedium against ischemic stroke have gained lots of interest. Nevertheless, systematic research on the direct role and mechanisms of Epimedium in ischemic stroke is still lacking. Network pharmacology analysis coupled with experimental verification was utilized to systematically evaluate the potential pharmacological mechanism of Epimedium against ischemic stroke. The TCMSP database was used to mine the bioactive ingredients and Epimedium's targets. The DrugBank, OMIM, and GeneCards databases were employed to identify potential targets of ischemic stroke. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were also carried out. The interaction between active components and hub targets was confirmed via molecular docking. An experimental ischemic stroke model was used to evaluate the possible therapeutic mechanism of Epimedium. As a result, 23 bioactive compounds of Epimedium were selected, and 30 hub targets of Epimedium in its function against ischemic stroke were identified, and molecular docking results demonstrated good binding. The IL-17 signaling pathway was revealed as a potentially significant pathway, with the NF-κB and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways being involved. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that Epimedium treatment could improve neurological function and reduce infarct volume. Additionally, Epimedium reduced the activation of microglia and astrocytes in both the ischemic penumbra of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex following ischemic stroke. Western blot and RT–qPCR analyses demonstrated that Epimedium not only depressed the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-4 but also inhibited the NF-κB and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. This study applied network pharmacology and in vivo experiment to explore possible mechanism of Epimedium's role against ischemic stroke, which provides insight into the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Three-phase Evolution of a Coronal Hole. II. The Magnetic Field

We investigate the magnetic characteristics of a persistent coronal hole (CH) extracted from EUV imagery using Heliospheric and Magnetic Imager filtergrams over the period 2012 February–October. The magnetic field, its distribution, and the magnetic fine structure in the form of flux tubes (FTs) are analyzed in different evolutionary states of the CH. We find a strong linear correlation between the magnetic properties (e.g., signed/unsigned magnetic field strength) and the area of the CH. As such, the evolutionary pattern in the magnetic field clearly follows a three-phase evolution (growing, maximum, and decaying) as found from EUV data (Part I). This evolutionary process is most likely driven by strong FTs with a mean magnetic field strength exceeding 50 G. During the maximum phase they entail up to 72% of the total signed magnetic flux of the CH, but only cover up to 3.9% of the total CH area, whereas during the growing and decaying phases, strong FTs entail 54%–60% of the signed magnetic flux and cover around 1%–2% of the CH’s total area. We conclude that small-scale structures of strong unipolar magnetic field are the fundamental building blocks of a CH and govern its evolution.
Towards a Pattern-based Approach for Transforming Legacy COBOL Applications Into RESTful Web Services

: Many aspects of modern life still depend on large-scale, monolithic legacy applications, e.g. in ﬁnancial services, transport or public administration. Typically, these applications are written in ancient programming languages such as COBOL and use proprietary transaction processing monitors like CICS. While the modernization or replacement of these legacy application has been discusses in literature and practice for decades, still no universal solution exists. In many cases, an evolutionary modernization strategy has shown to be successful in practice, allowing to modernize the software architecture as well, not only the program code. Therefore, in this paper an analysis pattern is derived for transforming stateful, transactional COBOL programs into state-less RESTful web services. This pattern is evaluated by analyzing and transforming an example COBOL application to Java. While the approach shows to be useful in case of the example application, it needs to be further investigated in a broader range of real-world scenarios.
Constraining the mass density of free-floating black holes using razor-thin lensing arcs

Strong lensing of active galactic nuclei in the radio can result in razor-thin arcs, with a thickness of less than a milliarcsecond, if observed at the resolution achievable with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). Such razor-thin arcs provide a unique window on the coarseness of the matter distribution between source and observer. In this paper, we investigate to what extent such razor-thin arcs can constrain the number density and mass function of `free-floating' black holes, defined as black holes that do not, or no longer, reside at the centre of a galaxy. These can be either primordial in origin or arise as by-products of the evolution of supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. When sufficiently close to the line of sight, free-floating black holes cause kink-like distortions in the arcs, which are detectable by eye in the VLBI images as long as the black hole mass exceeds 1000 Solar masses. Using a crude estimate for the detectability of such distortions, we analytically compute constraints on the matter density of free-floating black holes resulting from null-detections of distortions along a realistic, fiducial arc, and find them to be comparable to those from quasar milli-lensing. We also use predictions from a large hydrodynamical simulation for the demographics of free- floating black holes that are not primordial in origin and show that their predicted mass density is roughly four orders of magnitude below the constraints achievable with a single razor-thin arc.
On the Basis of Quantum Statistical Mechanics

We propose a new approach to justify the use of the microcanonical ensemble for isolated macroscopic quantum systems. Since there are huge number of independent observables in a macroscopic system, we cannot see all of them. Actually what we observe can be written in a rather simple combination of local observables. Considering this limitation, we show that almost all states in a energy shell are practically indistinguishable from one another, and hence from the microcanonical ensemble. In particular, the expectation value of a macroscopic observable is very close to its microcanonical ensemble average for almost all states.
Domain wall fermions with improved gauge actions

We study the chiral properties of quenched domain wall fermions with several gauge actions. We demonstrate that the residual chiral symmetry breaking, which is present for a finite number of lattice sites in the fifth dimension (Ls), can be substantially suppressed using improved gauge actions. In particular the Symanzik action, the Iwasaki action, and a renormalization group improved gauge action, called doubly blocked Wilson (DBW2), are studied and compared to the Wilson action. All improved gauge actions studied show a reduction in the additive residual quark mass, mres. Remarkably, in the DBW2 case mres is roughly two orders of magnitude smaller than the Wilson gauge action at a −1 = 2 GeV and Ls = 16. Significant reduction in mres is also realized at stronger gauge coupling corresponding to a −1 = 1.3 GeV. As our numerical investigation indicates, this reduction is achieved by reducing the number of topological lattice dislocations present in the gauge field configurations. We also present detailed results for the quenched light hadron spectrum and the pion decay constant using the DBW2 gauge action.
The Impact of Mobile Educational Games on Contemporary Users' Learning Behavior

The purpose is to cope with mobile educational game users' low continuous utilization rate. This thesis innovatively introduces the deep learning technology to study and the relationship between the mobile educational game and learners' learning behavior. It is found that learners' game experience is significantly correlated with game satisfaction. The estimation algorithm is designed based on the convolutional neural network (CNN), and the questionnaire method is adopted. The design tool of the estimation algorithm is a computer system, and the social software is used for the questionnaire. The dataset source used in the estimation algorithm design is “World Sudoku Championship. ” The game satisfaction questionnaire and learning behavior questionnaire subjects are 60 primary school students and 300 college students, respectively.
An Adaptive Collaborative Filtering Based Approach for Point-of-Interest Recommendations

: LBSNs (Location-based Social Networks) provide abundant information for users to browse and explore the places where they are interested in, named POI (Point-of-Interest). However, such large amount of check-in records in LBSNs cause information overload problem and increase difficulty for users to find the really desire POIs. POI recommendation systems can be employed to solve this problem. Most traditional POI recommendation methods are CF (Collaborative Filtering) based and achieve recommendations for a particular user according to check-in records of his similar users. In this paper, we propose an adaptive CF based algorithm to achieve POI recommendations for users, considering their personalized activity regions. Compare with existing algorithm, our algorithm does not construct user-POI matrix by using the entire historical records. Instead, we first explore users’ activity regions and construct more personalized user-POI matrix for each particular user according to corresponding activity regions. Besides, we propose a method to dynamically determine the number of similar users for a certain user, instead of using a fix number for all users, leading to more personalized recommendations. We have implemented our POI recommendation system and compared with state-of-the-art methods by using Foursquare dataset. The experimental results show that our POI recommendation system achieves better performance than all these compared approaches.
Longitudinal Data to Enhance Dynamic Stroke Risk Prediction

Stroke risk prediction based on electronic health records is currently an important research topic. Previous research activities have generally used single-time physiological data to build static models and have focused on algorithms to improve prediction accuracy. Few studies have considered historical measurements from a data perspective to construct dynamic models. Since it is a chronic disease, the risk of having a stroke increases and the corresponding risk factors become abnormal when healthy people are diagnosed with a stroke. Therefore, in this paper, we applied longitudinal data, with the backward joint model, to the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happy Family Study’s dataset to monitor changes in individuals’ health status precisely on time and to increase the prediction accuracy of the model. The three-year prediction accuracy of our model, considering three measurements of longitudinal parameters, is 0.926. This is higher than the traditional Cox proportional hazard model, which has a 0.833 prediction accuracy. The results obtained in this study verified that longitudinal data improves stroke risk prediction accuracy and is promising for dynamic stroke risk prediction and prevention. Our model also verified that the frequency of fruit consumption, erythrocyte hematocrit, and glucose are potential stroke-related factors.
A Ball in a Groove

We study the statics of an elastic sphere held in a rigid groove by gravity and friction, as determined by contact mechanics. As a function of the groove's opening angle and its tilt with respect to the vertical, we identify two regimes of static equilibrium for the ball. At large opening angle or small tilt, the ball rolls at both contacts as it is loaded. This is an analog of the ``elastic'' regime in the mechanics of granular media. At small opening angle or large tilt, the ball rolls at one contact and slides at the other as it is loaded, analogously with the ``plastic'' regime in the mechanics of granular media. In the elastic regime, the stress indeterminacy is resolved by the kinetics of the response to loading.
Constraining the Rate of Protostellar Accretion Outbursts in the Orion Molecular Clouds

Outbursts due to dramatic increases in the mass accretion rate are the most extreme type of variability in young stellar objects. We searched for outbursts among 319 protostars in the Orion molecular clouds by comparing 3.6, 4.5, and 24 μm photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope to 3.4, 4.6, and 22 μm photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) obtained ∼6.5 yr apart. Sources that brightened by more than two standard deviations above the mean variability at all three wavelengths were marked as burst candidates, and they were inspected visually to check for false positives due primarily to the reduced angular resolution of WISE compared to Spitzer. We recovered the known burst V2775 Ori (HOPS 223) as well as a previously unknown burst, HOPS 383, which we announced in an earlier paper. No other outbursts were found. With observations over 6.5 yr, we estimate an interval of about 1000 yr between bursts with a 90% confidence interval of 690–40,300 yr. The most likely burst interval is shorter than those found in studies of optically revealed young stellar objects, suggesting that outbursts are more frequent in protostars than in pre-main-sequence stars that lack substantial envelopes.
Evaluating and Exploring Text Fields Information Extraction into CIDOC-CRM

: This paper presents a method for extracting information from ISAD(G) elements, that contain semi-structured text descriptions. Natural language processing is done using Gate environment and deﬁning the set of Jape rules necessary to process the text and extract the intended information. The evaluation of the information extraction processes is done in a sample of 800 records for each type of information, and a dataset that is manually built for each type of information considered, such as baptisms, passport requisitions testaments, etc. The implementation of several automatic information extraction processes enables the population of the CIDOC-CRM knowledge base with new linked events and entities automatically. The exploration of the information, migrated from DigitArq and extracted from text descriptions represented in CIDOC-CRM, is done through SPARQL queries enabling new visualisations of the archival records and the retrieval of information collected in different records from different archives.
An RXTE Archival Search for Coherent X-Ray Pulsations in the Low-Mass X-Ray Binary 4U 1820–30

As part of a large-scale search for coherent pulsations from low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) archive, we have completed a detailed series of searches for coherent pulsations of 4U 1820-30, an ultracompact LMXB with a binary period of 11.4 minutes, located in the globular cluster NGC 6624. This binary's short period implies that any coherent signal would be highly accelerated, so we used phase modulation searches, orbital-parameter-fitting coherent searches, and standard acceleration searches to give significant sensitivity to millisecond pulsations. At a range of luminosities and in four energy bands, we searched a total of 34 archival RXTE observations, 32 of which had on-source integration times longer than 10 ks and some of which were made consecutively, which allowed us to combine them. We found no pulsations. Using our phase modulation search technique, which we ran on all 34 observations, we have been able to place the first stringent (95% confidence) pulsed fraction limits of ≲0.8% on all realistic spin frequencies (i.e., ≲2 kHz) and likely companion masses (0.02 M☉ ≤ Mc ≤ 0.3 M☉). Using our orbital-parameter-fitting coherent search, which we ran on only 11 selected observations, we have placed a pulsed fraction limit of ≲0.3% on spin frequencies ≲1.25 kHz and companion masses Mc ≤ 0.106 M☉. By contrast, all five LMXBs known to emit coherent pulsations have intrinsic pulsed fractions in the range 3%-7% when pulsations are observed. Our searches therefore rule out even pulsations with significantly lower pulsed fractions than those already observed.
A Modified Theoretical Model to Predict the Thermal Interface Conductance Considering Interface Roughness

The acoustic mismatch model and the diffuse mismatch model have been widely used to predict the thermal interface conductance. However, the acoustic mismatch model (diffuse mismatch model) is based on the hypothesis of a perfectly smooth (completely disordered) interface. Here, we present a new modified model, named as the mixed mismatch model, which considers the roughness/bonding at the interface. By taking partially specular and partially diffuse transmissions into account, the mixed mismatch model can predict the thermal interface conductance with arbitrary roughness. The proportions of specular and diffuse transmission are determined by the interface roughness which is described by the interfacial density of states. It shows that the predicted results of the mixed mismatch model match well with the values of molecular dynamics simulation and experimental data.