Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross transfer effects of conditioning and deconditioning on muscular strength.

Abstract The purpose of the investigation was to study the effects of inactivity periods of 1, 4, 6, and 8 weeks on the retention of recently acquired levels of muscular strength in the ipsilateral and contralateral arms. The aubject8 (80 experimental and 20 control) were right-handed mole volunteers, 18 to 22 yr. The experimental subjects participated three times weekly in a 6-week high-intensity, low-repetition strength conditioning programme. Following training, the trained subjects were randomly divided into four experimental groups and stopped training for 1,4, 6, or 8 weeks. Upon completion of the inactivity periods, a retention test was administered to both arms. The data analysis revealed that all experimental groups enhanced their isometric strength levels significantly in both arms during conditioning, thus demonstrating the phenomenon of cross-transfer of isometric strength. No significant differences were found for the control group. It was also found that all experimental groups retained a si.
Fructose and galactose enhance postexercise human liver glycogen synthesis.

PURPOSE Both liver and muscle glycogen stores play a fundamental role in exercise and fatigue, but the effect of different CHO sources on liver glycogen synthesis in humans is unclear. The aim was to compare the effect of maltodextrin (MD) drinks containing galactose, fructose, or glucose on postexercise liver glycogen synthesis. METHODS In this double-blind, triple crossover, randomized clinical trial, 10 well-trained male cyclists performed three experimental exercise sessions separated by at least 1 wk. After performing a standard exercise protocol to exhaustion, subjects ingested one of three 15% CHO solutions, namely, FRU (MD + fructose, 2:1), GAL (MD + galactose, 2:1), or GLU (MD + glucose, 2:1), each providing 69 g CHO·h(-1) during 6.5 h of recovery. Liver glycogen changes were followed using (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Liver glycogen concentration increased at faster rates with FRU (24 ± 2 mmol·L(-1)·h(-1), P < 0.001) and with GAL (28 ± 3 mmol·L(-1)·h(-1), P < 0.001) than with GLU (13 ± 2 mmol·L(-1)·h(-1)). Liver volumes increased (P < 0.001) with FRU (9% ± 2%) and with GAL (10% ± 2%) but not with GLU (2% ± 1%, NS). Net glycogen synthesis appeared linear and was faster with FRU (8.1 ± 0.6 g·h(-1), P < 0.001) and with GAL (8.6 ± 0.9 g·h(-1), P < 0.001) than with GLU (3.7 ± 0.5 g·h(-1)). CONCLUSIONS When ingested at a rate designed to saturate intestinal CHO transport systems, MD drinks with added fructose or galactose were twice as effective as MD + glucose in restoring liver glycogen during short-term postexercise recovery.
An Adaptive Controller for the Shunt Active Filter Considering a Dynamic Load and the Line Impedance

This brief presents a controller for an active filter to compensate reactive power and current harmonic distortion in a single phase system, i.e., to guarantee a power factor close to unity. The proposed controller considers the deleterious effects caused by the interaction between load and line impedances, which may lead to instabilities when the controller is enabled. The rationale behind the solution consists in the introduction of a lead compensator with a gain that is adjusted by adaptation, which replaces the conventional proportional term. This modification improves the stability conditions when the load and source impedances are non-negligible. In particular, the scheme provides a solution in the critical scenario, when the load is composed by a capacitor connected in parallel to a distorted current source. Special attention is given to the current control loop because it is precisely in this loop where the instability problems are generated. Realistic numerical results are provided to illustrate the benefits of the proposed solution.
Flight formation of multiple mini rotorcraft based on nested saturations

This paper addresses the coordination and trajectory tracking control design for a multiple mini rotorcraft system. The dynamic model of the mini rotorcraft is presented using the Newton-Euler formalism. Our approach is based on a leader/follower structure of multiple robot systems. A nonlinear controller based on nested saturations and a multi-agent consensus control are combined to obtain a flight formation control for a multiple mini rotorcraft system. The centroid of the coordinated control subsystem is used for trajectory tracking purposes. The analytic results are supported by simulation tests.
Energy and Reserve Market Clearing With Microgrid Aggregators

In this paper, a new multiobjective joint energy and reserve market clearing model is presented, in which the payment cost minimization and the voltage stability maximization are considered as the economic and security objectives, respectively. In the proposed model, microgrid aggregators (MGAs) submit their bids as demands to participate in the day-ahead electricity market. Both pay-at-market clearing price (uniform pricing) and locational marginal price-based settlement mechanisms are employed to determine the payoffs of market participants in the proposed payment cost minimization model, and the outcomes are compared with those of the offer generation cost minimization model. It is shown that the proposed payment cost minimization model leads to a lower consumer payment cost than the offer cost minimization model. A new approach, which is referred to as bi-objective desired solution generator, is introduced to solve the proposed bi-objective problem. It is shown that the desired solution is determined without approximating all efficient solutions, which in turn results in lower processing time and computational burden. A modified IEEE 24-bus reliability test system is used as a test system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Urban building height variance from multibaseline ERS coherence

Multibaseline European Remote Sensing (ERS) interferometric synthetic aperture radar coherence images from Cardiff, U.K. are investigated with respect to urban form. A model of spatial coherence, taking into account the vertical distribution of scatterers, is inverted to allow urban building height variance to be retrieved. Sixty-nine coherence maps are employed, generated from 20 ERS images. No a priori information is required in the analysis. However, realistic vertical scatterer distributions are retrieved, and Cardiff's central business district is automatically identified. This analysis demonstrates the utility of the urban decorrelation models employed.
Burden of HIV Infection Among Children Aged 18 Months to 14 Years in Kenya: Results From a Nationally Representative Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey

Background:In Kenya, mathematical models estimate that there are approximately 220,000 children aged less than 15 years infected with HIV. We analyzed data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012) to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among children aged 18 months to 14 years. Methods:KAIS 2012 was a nationally representative 2-stage cluster sample household survey. We studied children aged 18 months to 14 years whose parents or guardians answered questions pertaining to their children by interview. Blood specimens were collected for HIV serology and viral load measurement. Results:We identified 5162 children who were eligible for the study. Blood was obtained for 3681 (71.3%) children. Among child participants, 16.4% had been tested for HIV infection in the past, and among children with parents or guardians who self-reported HIV-positive status, 52.9% had been tested for HIV infection. Twenty-eight (0.9%) children tested HIV-positive in the survey. Of these, 11 had been previously diagnosed with HIV infection before the survey. All 11 children were in HIV care and receiving cotrimoxazole; 8 were on antiretorivral therapy (ART). Among those on ART, 4 were virologically suppressed. Conclusions:HIV causes a substantial burden of disease in the Kenyan pediatric population. Although most children who had been diagnosed with HIV before the survey were engaged in care and treatment, they represented less than half of HIV-infected children identified in the survey. Future efforts should focus on identifying infected children and getting them into care and on suppressive ART as early as possible.
Efficient Incorporation of Free Oxygen into Volicitin in Spodoptera litura Common Cutworm Larvae

Volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine] has previously been identified from the lepidopteran larval regurgitant as an elicitor of plant volatile emission. The efficient incorporation of free oxygen into volicitin by Spodoptera litura larvae is demonstrated here by rearing them under 18O2 for three days. 18O-labeling of the hydroxyl group of volicitin was confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-ion trap-time-of-flight (LC/MS-IT-TOF) and suggests the activity of a monooxygenase in volicitin biosynthesis.
Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography: Methods and Applications

The presented work explores methods for multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). Different instrumentation related effects are analyzed regarding their influence on imaging performance. Two dedicated MSOT imaging platforms for 2D and 3D real-time imaging of small animals and tissue samples are conceived and different reconstruction approaches investigated. Using the developments it is established that MSOT can resolve anatomical, functional and molecular information in tissue and that it can be used for assessing biodistribution and pharmacokinetic parameters of molecular probes in mice.
Rapid infection in market-weight swine following exposure to a Salmonella typhimurium-contaminated environment.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possibility of swine becoming infected with Salmonella Typhimurium when housed for 2 to 6 hours in an environment contaminated with Salmonella, similar to a lairage situation prior to slaughter. ANIMALS 40 crossbred market pigs with an approximate body weight of 92 kg. PROCEDURE Five trials were conducted (8 pigs/trial) in simulated lairage conditions. Superficial inguinal, ileocecal, and mandibular lymph nodes, cecal contents, distal portion of the ileum, and fecal samples were obtained from each pig after 2 (n = 10), 3 (10), and 6 (5) hours of exposure to an environment contaminated with feces defecated by 10 pigs intranasally inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (chi4232). In addition, 5 control pigs that were not exposed were also evaluated in the same manner. RESULTS Feces deposited on the floor by intranasally inoculated swine were mixed with water to form slurry with a resulting load of approximately 10(3) colony-forming units of Salmonella Typhimurium/g of material. Eight of 10, 6 of 10, and 6 of 6 pigs exposed to the slurry for 2, 3, or 6 hours, respectively, had positive results for at least 1 sample when tested for the specific strain of Salmonella Typhimurium. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pigs can become infected during routine resting or holding periods during marketing when exposed to relatively low amounts of Salmonella organisms in the preslaughter environment. Intervention at this step of the production process may have a major impact on the safety of pork products.
Non‐spherical aerosol retrieval method employing light scattering by spheroids

Numerous studies indicate the need to account for particle non‐sphericity in modeling the optical properties of dustlike aerosols. The methods for simulating the scattering of light by various non‐spherical shapes have rapidly evolved over the last two decades. However, the majority of aerosol remote‐sensing retrievals still rely on the Mie theory because retrievals accounting for particle non‐sphericity are not as well defined methodologically and are demanding computationally. We propose a method for the retrieval of the optical properties of non‐spherical aerosol based on the model of a shape mixture of randomly oriented polydisperse spheroids. This method is applied to angular and spectral radiation measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) in locations influenced by desert dust. Comparisons with Mie‐based retrievals show a significant improvement in dust‐particle phase functions, size distributions, and refractive indices.
Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and atherosclerosis: another high-density lipoprotein story that doesn't quite follow the script.

Plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are strongly, consistently, and independently inversely associated with risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). 1 A series of animal studies in the 1990s, primarily involving overexpression of the major HDL protein apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with subsequent increases in HDL-C, showed reduced progression or even regression of atherosclerosis, fitting nicely with the “HDL hypothesis” that raising HDL-C is causally associated with benefit. However, the last decade has seen several observations that do not follow this simple script. Some examples include the following: (1) the demonstration that scavenger receptor class BI knockout mice have increased HDL-C but increased atherosclerosis2; (2) the suggestion that some persons with high HDL-C levels have “dysfunctional” HDL that may not be protective3; and (3) the observation that the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor torcetrapib raised HDL-C levels considerably but did not decrease, and indeed increased, cardiovascular risk.4,5 These developments have brought into major question the simple hypothesis that higher HDL-C directly and causally results in reduced atherosclerosis and challenge the approach of developing therapies that raise HDL-C levels. Article see p 628 One of the paradoxes in the field of HDL for nearly 3 decades has been the fact that monogenic disorders of extreme low HDL-C are not generally associated with obviously accelerated atherosclerosis. The first report of this phenomenon was the apoA-I Milano mutation, heterozygous carriers of which have HDL-C levels <5th percentile but no increased CVD.6 A number of additional apoA-I point mutations causing very low HDL-C but no increased risk of CVD have since been described, confirming the fundamental observation. Most of these mutant apoA-I proteins are rapidly catabolized rather than secreted in a defective manner, but this is an inadequate explanation for the lack of CVD given that most garden-variety …
Variogram-Based Proper Scoring Rules for Probabilistic Forecasts of Multivariate Quantities*

AbstractProper scoring rules provide a theoretically principled framework for the quantitative assessment of the predictive performance of probabilistic forecasts. While a wide selection of such scoring rules for univariate quantities exists, there are only few scoring rules for multivariate quantities, and many of them require that forecasts are given in the form of a probability density function. The energy score, a multivariate generalization of the continuous ranked probability score, is the only commonly used score that is applicable in the important case of ensemble forecasts, where the multivariate predictive distribution is represented by a finite sample. Unfortunately, its ability to detect incorrectly specified correlations between the components of the multivariate quantity is somewhat limited. In this paper the authors present an alternative class of proper scoring rules based on the geostatistical concept of variograms. The sensitivity of these variogram-based scoring rules to incorrectly pre.
Exploring Point and Interval Event Patterns: Display Methods and Interactive Visual Query

Fig. 1: The EventFlow display including the control panel and legend (left), the aggregated record display (middle), and the individual record display (right). Abstract— Our work on searching point-based event sequences with the Align, Rank, Filter, and Summary concepts produced a powerful tool (Lifelines2) that is being applied in an increasing set of medical and other applications. The LifeFlow aggregation tool expanded the capabilities of Lifelines2 to show common patterns of events on a single-screen display, resulting in the ability to summarize millions of individual patient records. However, users found that point-based event sequences limited their capacity to solve problems that had inherently interval attributes, for example, the 3-month interval during which patients took a medication. This paper reports on our development of EventFlow, an application that integrates interval-based events into the original LifeFlow mechanisms. Interval events represent a fundamental increase in complexity at every level of the application, from the input and data structure to the eventual questions that a user might ask of the data. Our goal was to accomplish this integration in a way that appeared to users as a simple and intuitive extension of the original LifeFlow tool. In this paper, we present novel solutions for displaying interval events, simplifying their visual impact, and incorporating them into meaningful queries. Index Terms—EventFlow, temporal event sequence, temporal event querying.
The Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia Involves Altered Levels of Angiogenic Factors Promoted by Hypoxia and Autoantibody-Mediated Mechanisms1

ABSTRACT Pre-eclampsia is a syndrome characterized by inadequate placentation, which is due to deficient trophoblastic invasion of the uterine spiral arteries. This deficiency can lead to placental hypoxia, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and release of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Hypoxic conditions in the placenta can promote oxidative stress and the production of angiogenic factors that are antagonized by soluble receptors, which are also elevated in this syndrome. In addition to these factors, the development of hypertension in women with pre-eclampsia may be associated with the renin-angiotensin system and endothelial dysfunction. The presence of antiangiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies is relevant in pre-eclampsia because it has been related to the secretion of antiangiogenic factors through cytokine pathways, indicating that autoimmune mechanisms may participate in the pathophysiology of this syndrome.
The Beginning of the End: CXCR3 Signaling in Late-Stage Wound Healing.

BACKGROUND Prior to 2009, research regarding the role of CXC receptor 3 (CXCR3) in cutaneous biology was primarily in the context of inflammatory reactions. Foundational research performed at that time demonstrated that, in addition to recruited inflammatory cells, cellular components of the skin, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, also express CXCR3 and are capable of expressing CXCR3 ligands, specifically CXC ligand 10 (CXCL10) and CXCL11. Surprisingly, in vitro experimentation demonstrated differential effects on the different cell types, suggesting that the CXCR3 signaling pathway may serve as a coordinator of wound remodeling. In support of this, a CXCR3 null mouse line and a mouse line abrogating CXCL11 expression in the epidermis demonstrated delayed wound closure and disordered dermal wound healing. THE PROBLEM These findings demonstrate the role of CXCR3 signaling in the latter stages of wounding healing and opened a new avenue of investigation into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of coordinating the events of cutaneous tissue regeneration. BASIC SCIENCE ADVANCES More recent investigation highlights the role of CXCR3 signaling in the dramatic vascular pruning events after the proliferative stage of wound healing and its importance in guiding remodeling of dermal collagen during cicatrix formation. CONCLUSION CXCR3 signaling plays a strong role in coordinating the actions of several cell types during cutaneous wound healing. The disruption of this signaling pathway results in delayed return to homeostasis and dystrophic scarring.
An Analysis of Finite-Memory Random Linear Coding on Packet Streams

We consider the following packet coding scheme: The coding node has a fixed, finite memory in which it stores packets formed from an incoming packet stream, and it sends packets formed from random linear combinations of its memory contents. We analyze the scheme in two settings: as a self-contained component in a network providing reliability on a single link, and as a component employed at intermediate nodes in a block-coded end-to-end connection. We believe that the scheme is a good alternative to automatic repeat request when feedback is too slow, too unreliable, or too difficult to implement.
The Association of Telomere Length With Family Violence and Disruption

BACKGROUND: To enhance the understanding of biological mechanisms connecting early adversity and negative health, we examine the association between family interpersonal violence and disruption and telomere length in youth. These specific exposures were selected because of their established links with negative health consequences across the life-course. METHODS: Children, age 5 to 15, were recruited from the greater New Orleans area, and exposure to family disruption and violence was assessed through caregiver report. Telomere length, from buccal cell DNA (buccal telomere length [bTL]), was determined by using monochrome multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association between bTL and adversity exposure was tested (n = 80). RESULTS: Cumulative exposure to interpersonal violence and family disruption was correlated with bTL. Controlling for other sociodemographic factors, bTL was significantly shorter in children with higher exposure to family violence and disruption. Witnessing family violence exerted a particularly potent impact. A significant gender interaction was found (β = −0.0086, SE = 0.0031, z test= −2.79, P = .0053) and analysis revealed the effect only in girls. CONCLUSIONS: bTL is a molecular biomarker of adversity and allostatic load that is detectable in childhood. The present results extend previous studies by demonstrating that telomeres are sensitive to adversity within the overarching family domain. These findings suggest that the family ecology may be an important target for interventions to reduce the biological impact of adversity in the lives of children.