Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of magnetic resonance imaging features for the prediction of unrecognized atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke

Background and purpose The early identification of cardioembolic stroke is critical for the early initiation of anticoagulant treatment. However, it can be challenging to identify the major cardiac source, particularly since the predominant source, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), may not be present at the time of stroke. In this study, we aimed to evaluate imaging predictors for unrecognized AF in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from two prospective cohorts of patients who underwent serial 12-lead electrocardiography and 24-h Holter monitoring to detect unrecognized AF. The imaging patterns in diffusion-weighted imaging and imaging characteristics were assessed and classified. A logistic regression model was used to identify predictive factors for newly detected AF in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Results A total of 734 patients were recruited for analysis, with a median age of 72 (interquartile range: 65–79) years and a median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 4 (interquartile range: 2–6). Of these patients, 64 (8.7%) had newly detected AF during the follow-up period. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression revealed that age ≥75 years [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98–10.75], receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment (aOR 4.36, 95% CI 1.65–11.54), congestive heart failure (aOR 6.73, 95% CI 1.85–24.48), early hemorrhage in MRI (aOR 3.62, 95% CI 1.52–8.61), single cortical infarct (aOR 6.49, 95% CI 2.35–17.92), and territorial infarcts (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.06–11.75) were associated with newly detected AF. The C-statistic of the prediction model for newly detected AF was 0.764. Conclusion Initial MRI at the time of stroke may be useful to predict which patients have cardioembolic stroke caused by unrecognized AF. Further studies are warranted to verify these findings and their application to high-risk patients.
Effects of telehealth interventions for adolescent sexual health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies

Introduction Telehealth interventions to advance adolescent sexual health have evolved and are being used to promote adolescent sexual health knowledge and healthy sexual behaviors. However, as this area of intervention modality expands, there is a need to pause and examine the effects of telehealth interventions on adolescent sexual health outcomes. Addressing this knowledge gap will inform researchers and practitioners on the current state of evidence of telehealth interventions and inform further intervention development and testing. This study aimed to explore the meta-effects of telehealth interventions on self-efficacy of using condoms, condom use practices, and sexually transmitted infection testing behaviors among adolescents. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials were conducted. Seven databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, OVID (UpToDate), and Web of Science) were searched for relevant full-text articles from the inception to May 2021. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to calculate the pooled effects of telehealth interventions for adolescents. Stata 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 15 studies (N = 5499) that used telehealth interventions with adolescents were included in the analysis. Telehealth interventions were found to increase self-efficacy for condom use (standardized mean difference: 0.22; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.36), practice for condom use (standardized mean difference: 0.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.47), and being screened/tested for sexual transmitted infections (standardized mean difference: 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.92). Discussion Telehealth interventions show promise as effective intervention delivery solutions for improving self-efficacy and certain sexual health behaviors among adolescents. These telehealth strategies could be important alternatives to in-person visits to accessing sexual health information or services near where they live. Future research should consider testing telehealth strategies where there is evidence of impact to move the field forward.
Induction of Cell Death through Alteration of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to High Energy Protons*

Radiation affects several cellular and molecular processes, including double strand breakage and modifications of sugar moieties and bases. In outer space, protons are the primary radiation source that poses a range of potential health risks to astronauts. On the other hand, the use of proton irradiation for tumor radiation therapy is increasing, as it largely spares healthy tissues while killing tumor tissues. Although radiation-related research has been conducted extensively, the molecular toxicology and cellular mechanisms affected by proton irradiation remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we irradiated rat lung epithelial cells with different doses of protons and investigated their effects on cell proliferation and death. Our data show an inhibition of cell proliferation in proton-irradiated cells with a significant dose-dependent activation and repression of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants glutathione and superoxide dismutase, respectively, compared with control cells. In addition, the activities of apoptosis-related genes such as caspase-3 and -8 were induced in a dose-dependent manner with corresponding increased levels of DNA fragmentation in proton-irradiated cells compared with control cells. Together, our results show that proton irradiation alters oxidant and antioxidant levels in cells to activate the apoptotic pathway for cell death.
Medical Image Analysis

phantom-to-CT registration. The proposed models are evaluated in comparison to a variety of existing registration methods and Transformer architectures. Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the proposed Transformer-based model leads to a substantial performance improvement over the baseline methods, conﬁrming the e ﬀ ectiveness of Transformers for medical image registration. ©
Independent Prognostic Utility of 11 C-Pittsburgh Compound B PET in Patients with Light-Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis

11 C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET/CT visualizes the amount of myocardial amyloid deposit and can be used to prognosticate patients with amyloid light-chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis (CA). However, whether 11 C-PiB PET/CT has any independent additional prognostic value beyond the commonly used biomarkers remains unknown. Methods: This prospective study was on a cohort of 58 consecutive patients with AL CA who underwent 11 C-PiB PET/CT. The patients were strati ﬁ ed into 2 groups on the basis of a visual assessment of whether there was myocardial 11 C-PiB uptake on PET/CT. The primary endpoint was 1-y overall mortality. The independent prognostic utility of 11 C-PiB PET/CT was analyzed using net reclassi ﬁ cation improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. is a beyond used biomarkers of AL amyloidosis staging. Considering the of
Effect of Nitrate in Irrigation Water on Iron Reduction and Phosphate Release in Anoxic Paddy Soil Condition

Since NO₃? is amore favorable electron acceptor than Fe, high NO₃? loads function as a redox buffer limiting the reduction of Fe and following release of PO₄³? in flooded paddy soil. The effect NO₃? loaded through irrigation water on Fe reduction and PO₄³? release in paddy soil was investigated. Pot experiment was conducted where irrigation water containing 5 or 10 ㎎ N L? ¹ of NO₃? was continuously applied at 1 ㎝ day? ¹, and changes of NO₃? , Fe²? and PO₄³? concentrations in soil solution at 5 and 10 ㎝ depths beneath the soil surface were monitored as a function of time. Irrigation of rice paddy with water containing 5 ㎎ N L? ¹ of NO₃? led to reduced release of Fe²? and prevented solubilization of P at 5 ㎝ depth beneath the soil surface. And application of irrigation water containing 10 ㎎ N L? ¹ of NO₃? could further suppress Fe reduction and solubilization of P through 10 ㎝ depth soil layer beneath the surface. These results suggest that the introduction of high level NO₃? with irrigation water in rice paddy can strongly limit Fe reduction and P solubilization in root zone soil layer in addition to the excessive supply of N to rice plants.
Assessment of runoff and sediment yield in the Miyun Reservoir catchment by using SWAT model

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the transport of runoff and sediment into the Miyun Reservoir, Beijing in this study. The main objective was to validate the performance of SWAT and the feasibility of using this model as a simulator of runoff and sediment transport processes at a catchment scale in arid and semi‐arid area in North China, and related processes affecting water quantity and soil erosion in the catchment were simulated. The investigation was conducted using a 6‐year historical streamflow and sediment record from 1986 to 1991; the data from 1986 to 1988 was used for calibration and that from 1989 to 1991 for validation. The SWAT generally performs well and could accurately simulate both daily and monthly runoff and sediment yield. The simulated daily and monthly runoff matched the observed values satisfactorily, with a Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient of greater than 0·6, 0·9 and a coefficient of determination 0·75, 0·9 at two outlet stations (Xiahui and Zhangjiafen stations) during calibration. These values were 0·6, 0·85 and 0·6, 0·9 during validation. For sediment simulation, the efficiency is lower than that for runoff. Even so, the Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient and coefficient of determination were greater than 0·48 and 0·6 for monthly sediment yield during calibration, and these values were greater than 0·84 and 0·95 during validation. Sensitivity analysis shows that sensitive parameters for the simulation of discharge and sediment yield include curve number, base flow alpha factor, soil evaporation compensation factor, soil available water capacity, soil profile depth, surface flow lag time and channel re‐entrained linear parameter, etc. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying Deviations of Brain Structure and Function in Major Depressive Disorder Across Neuroimaging Modalities.

Importance Identifying neurobiological differences between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy individuals has been a mainstay of clinical neuroscience for decades. However, recent meta-analyses have raised concerns regarding the replicability and clinical relevance of brain alterations in depression. Objective To quantify the upper bounds of univariate effect sizes, estimated predictive utility, and distributional dissimilarity of healthy individuals and those with depression across structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-tensor imaging, and functional task-based as well as resting-state MRI, and to compare results with an MDD polygenic risk score (PRS) and environmental variables. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional, case-control clinical neuroimaging study. Data were part of the Marburg-Münster Affective Disorders Cohort Study. Patients with depression and healthy controls were recruited from primary care and the general population in Münster and Marburg, Germany. Study recruitment was performed from September 11, 2014, to September 26, 2018. The sample comprised patients with acute and chronic MDD as well as healthy controls in the age range of 18 to 65 years. Data were analyzed from October 29, 2020, to April 7, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary analyses included univariate partial effect size (η2), classification accuracy, and distributional overlapping coefficient for healthy individuals and those with depression across neuroimaging modalities, controlling for age, sex, and additional modality-specific confounding variables. Secondary analyses included patient subgroups for acute or chronic depressive status. Results A total of 1809 individuals (861 patients [47.6%] and 948 controls [52.4%]) were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 35.6 [13.2] years; 1165 female patients [64.4%]). The upper bound of the effect sizes of the single univariate measures displaying the largest group difference ranged from partial η2 of 0.004 to 0.017, and distributions overlapped between 87% and 95%, with classification accuracies ranging between 54% and 56% across neuroimaging modalities. This pattern remained virtually unchanged when considering either only patients with acute or chronic depression. Differences were comparable with those found for PRS but substantially smaller than for environmental variables. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this case-control study suggest that even for maximum univariate biological differences, deviations between patients with MDD and healthy controls were remarkably small, single-participant prediction was not possible, and similarity between study groups dominated. Biological psychiatry should facilitate meaningful outcome measures or predictive approaches to increase the potential for a personalization of the clinical practice.
An evaluation of the utility of ERTS-1 data for mapping and developing natural resources of Iran

The author has identified the following significant results. Results are reported in structural mapping leading to tectonic interpretation; in surficial deposits mapping; in analysis of salt diapirism in southwest Iran; in updating and correcting existing hydrological maps; in monitoring fluctuations of water in some intermittent lakes; in the delineation of wetland areas and the study of fluvial suspended load of the head of the Persian Gulf in relation to the fishing industry; in exercises in soil mapping; in range and agricultural surveys and inventory using multistage sampling methods, and in the computer analysis of ERTS-1 digital tapes for urban land use. The completion of a 1:1,000,000 false color photomosaic of Iran is also discussed.
Feed efficiency of lactating Holstein cows is less reproducible when 1 changing dietary starch and fibre concentrations than within diet over 2 subsequent lactation stages 3 4

10 Background: Improving feed efficiency has become a common target for dairy farmers to 11 meet the requirement of producing more milk with fewer resources. To improve feed 12 efficiency, a prerequisite is to ensure that the cows identified as most or least efficient will 13 remain as such, independently of diet composition. Therefore, the current research analysed 14 the ability of lactating dairy cows to maintain their feed efficiency while changing the energy 15 density of the diet by changing its concentration in starch and fibre. A total of 60 lactating 16 Holstein cows, including 33 primiparous cows, were first fed a high starch diet (diet EP), 17 then switched over to a low starch diet (diet EP). Near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy was 18 performed on each individual feed ingredient, diet and individual refusals to check for sorting 19 behaviour. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to analyse if the variability 20 in NIR spectra of the refusals was explained by the differences in feed efficiency. 21 Results: The error of reproducibility of feed efficiency across diets was 2.95 MJ/d. This error 22 was significantly larger than the errors of repeatability estimated within diet over two 23 subsequent lactation stages, which were 2.01 MJ/d within diet EP and 2.40 MJ/d within diet 24 EP. The coefficient of correlation of concordance (CCC) was 0.64 between feed efficiency 25 2 estimated within diet EP and feed efficiency estimated within diet EP. This CCC was 26 smaller than the one observed for feed efficiency estimated within diet between two 27 subsequent lactation stages (CCC = 0.72 within diet EP and 0.85 within diet EP). The first 28 two principal components of the PCA explained 90% of the total variability of the NIR 29 spectra of the individual refusals. Feed efficiency was poorly correlated to those principal 30 components, which suggests that feed sorting behaviour did not explain differences in feed 31 efficiency. 32 Conclusions: Feed efficiency was significantly less reproducible across diets than repeatable 33 within the same diet over subsequent lactation stages, but cow’s ranking for feed efficiency 34 was not significantly affected by diet change. The differences in sorting behaviour between 35 cows were not associated to feed efficiency differences in this trial neither with the EP diet 36 nor with the EP diet. Those results have to be confirmed with cows fed with more extreme 37 diets (for example roughage only) to ensure that the least and most efficient cows will not 38 change. 39 40
Geomorphological study of Cephalonia Island, Ionian Sea, Western Greece

In this paper a geomorphological map, at a scale of 1:50,000, of the Cephalonia Island located in the Ionian Sea (western Greece) is presented and discussed. The geology of the island is represented in an individual smaller inset map. The map was produced from field surveys based upon 1:50,000 scale topographic maps and 1:5000 topographic diagrams, differential global positioning system surveys, aerial photos and visual inspection and interpretation of Google Earth images, and analysis of a digital elevation model of the island derived from 1:50,000 scale topographic maps. Landforms were grouped on the basis of the main morphogenetic processes and include fluvial landforms, erosional landforms, gravitational landforms, karst landforms, and coastal features. The objective of this map is to provide information about the landscape evolution of the island during the Quaternary. The study of the landforms depicted on the geomorphological map showed that the recent evolution of the landscape is dependent mostly on neotectonic processes and eustatism.
Relieving phantom limb pain with multimodal sensory-motor training

Objective. The causes for the disabling condition of phantom limb pain (PLP), affecting 85% of amputees, are so far unknown, with few effective treatments available. Sensory feedback based strategies to normalize the motor commands to control the phantom limb offer important targets for new effective treatments as the correlation between phantom limb motor control and sensory feedback from the motor intention has been identified as a possible mechanism for PLP development. Approach. Ten upper-limb amputees, suffering from chronic PLP, underwent 16 days of intensive training on phantom-limb movement control. Visual and tactile feedback, driven by muscular activity at the stump, was provided with the aim of reducing PLP intensity. Main results. A 32.1% reduction of PLP intensity was obtained at the follow-up (6 weeks after the end of the training, with an initial 21.6% reduction immediately at the end of the training) reaching clinical effectiveness for chronic pain reduction. Multimodal sensory-motor training on phantom-limb movements with visual and tactile feedback is a new method for PLP reduction. Significance. The study results revealed a substantial reduction in phantom limb pain intensity, obtained with a new training protocol focused on improving phantom limb motor output using visual and tactile feedback from the stump muscular activity executed to move the phantom limb.
New laboratory tests evaluate the effectiveness of Gilsonite resin as a borehole stabilizer

Gilsonite(R) resin is a naturally occurring mined carbonaceous material classified as an asphaltite. For many years, Gilsonite has been used in drilling fluids as an additive to assist in borehole stabilization. It has been well documented that this material works efficiently to minimize hole collapse in unstable shale sections. However, because Gilsonite is an asphaltite with a high temperature softening point, it has been difficult to duplicate its mending action in laboratory tests conducted at ambient temperatures and low pressures. Only recently have new laboratory techniques been developed to evaluate Gilsonite under simulated downhole conditions. Innovative procedures using a newly-built downhole simulation cell tested Gilsonite under temperatures and pressures similar to drilling conditions in which the product would normally be used. These innovative tests indicate that borehole enlargement was minimized using Gilsonite while substantial enlargement was measured using the same drilling fluid system without Gilsonite. Another novel test procedure was developed to discriminate between various types of Gilsonite products to determine the most effective product under differing temperature and
Telfor Journal

This paper presents a possible way for improving the techniques of compressed sensing and parallel imaging techniques for brain MRI. Experimental tests have been performed over a phantom test image. An exclusive elliptical sampling mask has been generated, which in combination with double-density wavelet transforms offers improvement over the standard approach. Additional tests undertaken as part of this research propose the usage of nonlinear reconstruction method, generated elliptical sampling mask and double-density wavelet transform for application of compressed sensing to brain MRI. An assessment of the results for diagnostic usage has been done by a specialist of radiology.
From Elevated Freeways to Surface Boulevards: Neighborhood, Traffic, and Housing Price Impacts in San Francisco

Freeway “deconstruction” marks an abrupt shift in urban policy. Priorities are shifting away from designing cities to enhance mobility toward promoting economic and environmental sustainability, livability, and social equity. This paper investigates the neighborhood, traffic, and housing price impacts of replacing elevated freeways with surface boulevards in two notable yet different corridors of San Francisco: Embarcadero along the city’s eastern waterfront and Central Freeway/Octavia Boulevard serving a predominantly residential neighborhood west of downtown. A combination of informant interviews, literature reviews, and statistical analyses are used in examining neighborhood, traffic, and housing impacts of these two roadway conversions. The research shows freeway conversions generally lead to gentrification of once-declining neighborhoods, although public policies like affordable housing mandates can temper displacement effects. In general, operational and improvements to surface streets along with enhanced transit services and walking environments have accommodated considerable shares of former freeway traffic so as to avoid the traffic nightmares that were predicted when grade-separated freeways were removed. Empirical evidence on residential sales transactions reveals that the dis-amenity effects of proximity to a freeway have for the most part given way to amenity benefits once roadways are converted to nicely landscaped multi-way boulevards. We conclude that freeway-toboulevard conversions, a form of urban re-prioritization that gives more emphasis to neighborhood quality and less to automobility, have yielded net positive benefits without seriously sacrificing transportation performance.
A New Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Nitrite in Sea Water

A spectrophotometric method, employing sulfanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl)ethyl-enediamine, has been proposed for the determination of nitrite in sea water. The effect of the order of addition of reagents, acidity, reagent concentration, and temperature on the speed of color formation and maximum optical density has been discussed. It has been shown that salinity has no effect on the maximum color intensity. The color develops rapidly in either sea water or fresh water and is stable for approximately two hours. Calibration curves have been prepared which show that the concentration of nitrite is directly proportional to color intensity.