Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel FES control system based on treadmill motor current variation for gait rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients after stroke

In consideration of a large proportion of stroke survivors with persistent deficits, current interventions have limited ability to restore normal motor function. We propose a gait training system for gait rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients with convalescent stroke. It consists of a functional electrical stimulation (FES) device which is used to influence the gait pattern instantly to improve the quality of the gait, and a treadmill with two separated belts. The stimulus triggers from the FES could be controlled automatically by the subject's gait phase determination, including stance phase and swing phase. Gait phase could be estimated and recognized through observing current value variation of the treadmill motor during the subject's walking on the treadmill belts. In this paper, we have preliminarily tested the feasibility of the proposed method through hemiplegic simulation experiments. Also, Tibialis Anterior (TA) and quadriceps on the hemiplegic side were successfully stimulated by the expected FES stimuli during gait.
Financing Higher Education Worldwide: Who Pays? Who Should Pay?

from and contributed to the American university—such as his home campus, the university of California, berkeley—at its best. his writings were not always infallible, but they were substantive, provocative—and brought attention to issues and perspectives others had overlooked. Trow may not have been endearing, but his insights are enduring. In short, this hefty anthology of articles, papers, and writings leave a paper trail that allow readers to find out for themselves that Martin Trow as an academic was an American Original.
It's No Secret. Measuring the Security and Reliability of Authentication via “Secret” Questions

All four of the most popular webmail providers -- AOL, Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo! -- rely on personal questions as the secondary authentication secrets used to reset account passwords. The security of these questions has received limited formal scrutiny, almost all of which predates webmail. We ran a user study to measure the reliability and security of the questions used by all four webmail providers. We asked participants to answer these questions and then asked their acquaintances to guess their answers. Acquaintances with whom participants reported being unwilling to share their webmail passwords were able to guess 17% of their answers. Participants forgot 20% of their own answers within six months. What's more, 13% of answers could be guessed within five attempts by guessing the most popular answers of other participants, though this weakness is partially attributable to the geographic homogeneity of our participant pool.
Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources Physical and Sensory Properties of Ice Cream Containing Fermented Pepper Powder

This study was conducted to investigate the physical and sensory properties of ice cream containing fermented pepper powder. Three ice cream formulas were manufactured: 1, control; 2, supplemented with 0.1% fermented pepper powder; and 3, supplemented with 0.2% fermented pepper powder. Formulas 2 and 3 had significantly higher viscosity and lower overrun than formula 1 (p<0.05). Additionally, ice creams supplemented with fermented pepper powder were harder and maintained their forms longer than the controls. 0.2% fermented pepper powder added ice cream had no pungency as much as that of control and overall sensory attribute was not significantly different from control. Therefore, ice cream containing fermented pepper powder maintained physical and sensory properties similar to the controls, and maintenance was better. It means fermented pepper powder ice cream can be utilized as the material of functional food (dessert).
Love thy neighbor – religion and prosociality

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between religious involvement and attitudinal (importance of helping others and of being socially active) and behavioral components of prosociality (volunteering, charitable giving, and blood donations) in Germany. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analyses are based on representative, longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, which allows avoiding issues of reverse causality. Findings The results suggest for a moderate, positive link between individuals’ religious involvement as measured by church affiliation and church attendance and the prosociality aspects addressed. Despite the historic divide in religion, the results in West and East Germany do not differ substantially in terms of the underlying mechanisms. Originality/value The paper complements the growing literature from experimental economics on the relationship between individuals’ religiosity and their prosociality. Based on representative longitudinal data, it contributes by providing evidence for Germany for which there is barely any insight yet and by addressing a wider range of attitudinal and (self-reported) behavioral components of prosociality.
ADAPTIVE UPDATE STEPS FOR LIFTING-BASED MOTION COMPENSATED TEMPORAL FILTERING

A fundamental difference in the MCTF coding scheme from the conventional compensated DCT schemes is that the predicted residue is further used to update the temporal low-pass frames. However, it may cause the annoying ghost artifact if the predicted residues are generated by inaccurate motion prediction and several temporal highpass frames are dropped. This paper proposes a content adaptive update scheme, where the HVS (Human Vision System) model is used to evaluate the impact of the update steps in terms of visual quality at the low-pass frames. The potential ghost artifacts detected by the model can be alleviated by adaptively removing visible part of the predicted residues. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only significantly improves subjective visual quality of the temporal low-pass frames but also maintains the PSNR performance compared with the normal full update.
Arnold: an Anthropomorphic Robot for Human Environments Arnold: an Anthropomorphic Robot for Human Environments

We describe the general concept, system architecture, hardware and the rst behavioral abilities of Arnold, a mobile autonomous service robot with a robot arm with seven degrees of freedom and a dual stereo camera head. Arnold is anthropomorphic for better adaptation to typical human environments and to allow for human-like behavioral strategies in solving complex tasks. Arnold was designed for service tasks like locating, recognizing and grasping objects in a rich initially unknown environment and to freely move in relatively small rooms with static and dynamic obstacles and conventional doors. Currently Arnold is able to xate, move to and grasp for a human hand and avoid obstacles based on optical ow analysis.
The Effects of Subjective Survival on Retirement and Social Security Claiming

This research examines the relationship between mortality risk and retirement, and mortality risk and the propensity to take early and reduced Social Security benefits. The main theory for understanding saving behavior is the life-cycle model (LCH). The LCH, however, can be extended to find the optimal retirement age, and can be used to make predictions about the desire to annuitize or equivalently, the desire to delay claiming Social Security benefits. According to the LCH, individuals who expect to be exceptionally long-lived will retire at a later age than individuals who expect to die early because they will need greater wealth to finance more years of retirement. According to almost any model of intertemporal maximization, those who expect to be long lived will see the increase in Social Security benefits that result from retiring at 65 rather than at 62 as being financially advantageous and will, therefore, delay application for benefits until the age of 65. In principle the decision to retire and the decision to take early and reduced benefits are related decisions but not necessarily the same decision. Therefore this study examines both decisions.
Work engagement: current trends

Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: (2018),"Mind the mindset! The interaction of proactive personality, transformational leadership and growth mindset for engagement at work", Career Development International, Vol. 23 Iss 1 pp. 48-66 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-11-2016-0194">https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-11-2016-0194</a> (2018),"Organizational resources, organizational engagement climate, and employee engagement", Career Development International, Vol. 23 Iss 1 pp. 67-85 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/ CDI-04-2017-0064">https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-04-2017-0064</a>
Attacking Recommender Systems: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

A work highlights the lack of robustness collaborative recommender systems exhibit against attack. This vulnerability can lead to significantly biased recommendations for target items. Here, we examine such attacks from a cost perspective, focusing on how attack size - that is, the number of ratings inserted - affects attack success. We introduce a framework for quantifying the gains attackers realize, taking into account the financial cost of mounting the attack. A cost-benefit analysis of third-party attacks on recommender systems shows that attackers realize profits even when incurring costs associated with rating insertions.
Implementing the evaluation transformer model of reduction on parallel machines

Abstract The evaluation transformer model of reduction generalizes lazy evaluation in two ways: it can start the evaluation of expressions before their first use, and it can evaluate expressions further than weak head normal form. Moreover, the amount of evaluation required of an argument to a function may depend on the amount of evaluation required of the function application. It is a suitable candidate model for implementing lazy functional languages on parallel machines. In this paper we explore the implementation of lazy functional languages on parallel machines, both shared and distributed memory architectures, using the evaluation transformer model of reduction. We will see that the same code can be produced for both styles of architecture, and the definition of the instruction set is virtually the same for each style. The essential difference is that a distributed memory architecture has one extra node type for non-local pointers, and instructions which involve the value of such nodes need their definitions extended to cover this new type of node. To make our presentation accessible, we base our description on a variant of the well-known G-machine, an abstract machine for executing lazy functional programs.
Photometry of a Galactic Field at l = 232°, b = −6°: The Old Open Cluster Auner 1, the Norma-Cygnus Spiral Arm, and the Signature of the Warped Galactic Thick Disk

We perform a detailed photometric study of the stellar populations in a Galactic field at l = 232°, b = -6° in the Canis Major (CMa) constellation. We present the first U, B, V, I photometry of the old open cluster Auner 1 and determine it to be ≈3.25 Gyr old and to lie 8.9 kpc from the Sun. In the background of the cluster, at more than 9 kpc, we detect a young population most likely associated with the Norma-Cygnus spiral arm. Furthermore, we detect the signature of an older population and identify its turnoff and red giant branch. This population is found to have a mean age of 7 Gyr and a mean metallicity of Z = 0.006. We reconstruct the geometry of the stellar distribution and argue that this older population, often associated with the CMa "galaxy," in fact belongs to the warped old thin- and thick-disk components along this line of sight.
Enhanced Iron and Selenium Uptake in Plants by Volatile Emissions of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BF06)

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are involved in promoting growth and triggering systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. Importantly, the release of VOCs by some PGPR strains confers improved plant uptake of nutrient elements from the soil. However, the underlying mechanisms of VOCs-regulated nutrient acquisition remain elusive. In this study, VOCs were extracted and identified from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain BF06) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). BF06 VOCs exposure significantly promoted the growth and photosynthesis of Arabidopsis plants. To explore how microbial VOCs stimulate growth in plants, gene expression profiles of Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to BF06 VOCs were examined using transcriptomic analyses. In screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs), most upregulated DEGs were found to be related to amino acid transport, iron (Fe) uptake and homeostasis, and sulfate transport. Furthermore, BF06 VOCs significantly enhanced Fe absorption in plants under Fe-limited conditions. However, when nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was inhibited, BF06 VOCs exposure could not substantially augment Fe acquisition in plants under alkaline stress, indicating that VOCs-mediated plant uptake of Fe was required for induction of root NO accumulation. In addition, BF06 VOCs exposure led to a marked increase in some genes encoding for sulfate transporters, and further increased Se accumulation in plants. Intriguingly, BF06 VOCs exposure failed to increase Se uptake in sultr1;2 mutants, which may indicate that high-level transcription of these sulfate transporters induced by BF06 VOCs was essential for enhancing Se absorption by plants. Taken together, our results demonstrated the potential of VOCs released by this strain BF06 to increase Fe and Se uptake in plants.
School Bonds and the Onset of Substance Use among Korean Youth: An Examination of Social Control Theory

This study examined the association between school bonds and the onset of substance use among adolescents in South Korea. Based on Hirschi’s social control theory, this study tested the roles of teacher attachment, educational aspiration, extracurricular activities, and rule internalization—four elements of social bonds within the school setting—in delayed initiation of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking. Discrete-time logistic regression was used to analyze five waves of the Korea Youth Panel Survey (N = 3449 at baseline), a nationally representative sample of Korean youth. Stronger teacher attachment, higher educational aspiration, and higher rule internalization were correlated with delayed onset of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking. On the other hand, participation in school extracurricular activities was positively associated with the onset of alcohol drinking, but not statistically significantly linked with the onset of cigarette smoking. These findings suggest that early prevention strategies for youth substance use should specifically target school-related factors that represent social bonds developed among youth.
Vehicle Sideslip and Roll Parameter Estimation using GPS

This paper demonstrates a method for obtaining estimates of key vehicle states using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) sensor measurements. A Kalman filter integrates the INS sensors with GPS to provide high update estimates of the sensor biases, heading, and vehicle velocities, which can be used to calculate the vehicle slip angle. Since the INS sensors and GPS antennas are attached to the vehicle body, roll and pitch effects from the vehicle motion and road influence the measurements obtained from the sensors and GPS. This paper develops a method that incorporates these roll and pitch effects to improve the accuracy of the vehicle state and sensor bias estimates. With accurate measurements of roll angle and roll rate, it is also possible to estimate key roll parameters, such as roll stiffness and damping ratio, with a second order dynamic model. Comparison of the vehicle state estimates with those predicted by the theoretical vehicle model yields similar results. This similarity verifies that the estimation scheme is giving appropriate estimates of the states.
Beyond syntax: Language-related positivities reflect the revision of hierarchies

On the basis of an experiment using event-related brain potentials (EPRs), we argue that a characterisation of language-related positivities as necessarily syntax-related is too restrictive. Our data show that, in verb-final German clauses, the processing of a verb which disconfirms the expectations with regard to the hierarchical thematic structure of a sentence (who is doing what to whom) gives rise to an early (200–600 ms) parietal positivity. Thus, positive ERP components elicited during language processing appear to be related to operations (most often revisions) applying to hierarchically structured linguistic information in general, rather than to syntactic structure in particular.
Kernel-based Subspace Analysis for Face Recognition

In face recognition, if the extracted input data contains misleading information (uncertainty), the classifiers may produce degraded classification performance. In this paper, we employed kernel-based discriminant analysis method for the non-separable problems in face recognition under facial expression changes. The effect of the transformations on a subsequent classification was tested in combination with learning algorithms. We found that the transformation of kernel-based discriminant analysis has a beneficial effect on the classification performance. The experimental results indicated that the nonlinear discriminant analysis method dealt with the uncertainty problem very well. Facial expressions can be used as another behavior biometric for human identification. It appears that face recognition may be robust to facial expression changes, and thus applicable.
Feature Selection and Term Weighting

Term-based approaches can extract many features in text documents, but most include noise. Many popular text-mining techniques have been adapted to reduce noisy information from extracted features but still contains some noises features. However, the noise features are extracted from the same training documents that good features extracted from. Therefore, the main problem is that some training documents contain large a mount of noises data. If we can reduce the noises data in the training documents that would help to reduce noises in extracted features. Moreover, we believe that remove some of training documents (documents that contains noises data more than useful data) can help to improve the effectiveness of the classifier. Using the advantages of clustering method can help to reduce the affect of noises data. The main problem of clustering is defined to be that of finding groups of similar projects in the data. In this paper we introduce the methodology that using clustering algorithm to group training data before use it. Also we tested our theory that not all training documents are useful to train the classifier.
Galactic secondary positron flux at the Earth

Context. Secondary positrons are produced by spallation of cosmic rays within the interstellar gas. Measurements have been typically expressed in terms of the positron fraction, which exhibits an increase above 10 GeV. Many scenarios have been proposed to explain this feature, among them some additional primary positrons originating from dark matter annihilation in the Galaxy. Aims. The PAMELA satellite has provided high quality data that has enabled high accuracy statistical analyses to be made, showing that the increase in the positron fraction extends up to about 100 GeV. It is therefore of paramount importance to constrain theoretically the expected secondary positron flux to interpret the observations in an accurate way. Methods. We focus on calculating the secondary positron flux by using and comparing different up-to-date nuclear cross-sections and by considering an independent model of cosmic ray propagation. We carefully study the origins of the theoretical uncertainties in the positron flux. Results. We find the secondary positron flux to be reproduced well by the available observations, and to have theoretical uncertainties that we quantify to be as large as about one order of magnitude. We also discuss the positron fraction issue and find that our predictions may be consistent with the data taken before PAMELA. For PAMELA data, we find that an excess is probably present after considering uncertainties in the positron flux, although its amplitude depends strongly on the assumptions made in relation to the electron flux. By fitting the current electron data, we show that when considering a soft electron spectrum, the amplitude of the excess might be far lower than usually claimed. Conclusions. We provide fresh insights that may help to explain the positron data with or without new physical model ingredients. PAMELA observations and the forthcoming AMS-02 mission will allow stronger constraints to be aplaced on the cosmic-ray transport parameters, and are likely to reduce drastically the theoretical uncertainties.
Multistage switches are not crossbars: Effects of static routing in high-performance networks

Multistage interconnection networks based on central switches are ubiquitous in high-performance computing. Applications and communication libraries typically make use of such networks without consideration of the actual internal characteristics of the switch. However, application performance of these networks, particularly with respect to bisection bandwidth, does depend on communication paths through the switch. In this paper we discuss the limitations of the hardware definition of bisection bandwidth (capacity-based) and introduce a new metric: effective bisection bandwidth. We assess the effective bisection bandwidth of several large-scale production clusters by simulating artificial communication patterns on them. Networks with full bisection bandwidth typically provided effective bisection bandwidth in the range of 55-60%. Simulations with application-based patterns showed that the difference between effective and rated bisection bandwidth could impact overall application performance by up to 12%.
Emotionsregulation und Essverhalten vor und nach bariatrisch-chirurgischem Eingriff

Zusammenfassung Dysfunktionale Emotionsregulationsstrategien sind mit problematischem Essverhalten assoziiert. Nach bariatrisch-chirurgischem Eingriff zeigen Adipositaspatienten häufig weniger problematisches Essverhalten. Inwieweit sich dieser Effekt auch auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionsregulation und Essverhalten auswirkt, wurde in dieser Studie untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 100 prä- und post-bariatrische Patienten querschnittlich hinsichtlich Emotionsregulationsstrategien und Essverhalten befragt. Es zeigte sich, dass Patienten nach Operation ein geringeres Verlangen nach Nahrungsmitteln sowie weniger emotionales Essverhalten und ein geringere Anzahl an Essanfällen berichteten als Patienten vor Operation. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionsregulation und Essverhalten wurde allerdings nicht durch den bariatrisch-chirurgischen Eingriff beeinflusst: Vermehrtes Anwenden dysfunktionaler Emotionsregulationsstrategien war sowohl bei Patienten vor als auch bei Patienten nach Operation mit häufigerem Verlangen nach Nahrungsmitteln, emotionalem Essverhalten und Essanfällen verknüpft. Die Ergebnisse lassen auf die Wichtigkeit psychotherapeutischer Nachsorge schließen. Zukünftige Studien sollten längsschnittlich testen, ob eine Förderung funktionaler Emotionsregulationsstrategien problematisches Essverhalten (z.B. Binge Eating) nach bariatrischer Operation reduzieren kann.