Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemic Accuracy and Improved Low Glucose Alerts of the Latest Dexcom G4 Platinum Continuous Glucose Monitoring System.

OBJECTIVE Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices in hypoglycemia has been a widely reported shortcoming of this technology. We report the accuracy in hypoglycemia of a new version of the Dexcom (San Diego, CA) G4 Platinum CGM system (software 505) and present results regarding the optimum setting of CGM hypoglycemic alerts. MATERIALS AND METHODS CGM values were compared with YSI analyzer (YSI Life Sciences, Yellow Springs, OH) measurements every 15 min. We reviewed the accuracy of the CGM system in the hypoglycemic range using standard metrics. We analyzed the time required for the CGM system to detect biochemical hypoglycemia (70 mg/dL) compared with the YSI with alert settings at 70 mg/dL and 80 mg/dL. We also analyzed the time between the YSI value crossing 55 mg/dL, defined as the threshold for cognitive impairment due to hypoglycemia, and when the CGM system alerted for hypoglycemia. RESULTS The mean absolute difference for a glucose level of less than 70 mg/dL was 6 mg/dL. Ninety-six percent of CGM values were within 20 mg/dL of the YSI values between 40 and 80 mg/dL. When the CGM hypoglycemic alert was set at 80 mg/dL, the device provided an alert for biochemical hypoglycemia within 10 min in 95% of instances and at least a 10-min advance warning before the cognitive impairment threshold in 91% of instances in the study. CONCLUSIONS Use of an 80 mg/dL threshold setting for hypoglycemic alerts on the G4 Platinum (software 505) may provide patients with timely warning of hypoglycemia before the onset of cognitive impairment, enabling them to treat themselves for hypoglycemia with fast-acting carbohydrates and prevent neuroglycopenia associated with very low glucose levels.
Progress in engineering high strain lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Abstract Environmental concerns are strongly driving the need to replace the lead-based piezoelectric materials currently employed as multilayer actuators. The current review describes both compositional and structural engineering approaches to achieve enhanced piezoelectric properties in lead-free materials. The review of the compositional engineering approach focuses on compositional tuning of the properties and phase behavior in three promising families of lead-free perovskite ferroelectrics: the titanate, alkaline niobate and bismuth perovskites and their solid solutions. The ‘structural engineering’ approaches focus instead on optimization of microstructural features including grain size, grain orientation or texture, ferroelectric domain size and electrical bias field as potential paths to induce large piezoelectric properties in lead-free piezoceramics. It is suggested that a combination of both compositional and novel structural engineering approaches will be required in order to realize viable lead-free alternatives to current lead-based materials for piezoelectric actuator applications.
The Maritime Industry: Key Developments in Seaborne Trade, Maritime Business and Markets

This paper presents an overview of key developments affecting the maritime industry over the last few decades, supplemented by more recent statistical updates and an analysis that is structured around the three cornerstones of the maritime economics discipline: demand, supply and markets. Information from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)'s Trade Logistics Branch is used to identify and focus on major long-term developments.
On the need to re‐conceptualise sustainable tourism development

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a dominant paradigm of sustainable tourism development, one which appears to chart a responsible course, balancing the requirements of tourism development with the protection of the environment. However, this paper argues that the predominant paradigm is too tourism‐centric, parochial and, therefore, inherently flawed, and that it effectively condones planning, management and policy approaches which fail to operationalise sustainable tourism in a manner consistent with the general aims and requirements of sustainable development. In particular, it is suggested that the tourism‐centric paradigm encourages inappropriate and inconsistent consideration of the scope and geographical scale of tourism's resource base, whilst also failing to adequately account for the intersectoral context of tourism development In order to re‐engage sustainable tourism development with its parental concerns (those of sustainable development generally), an alternative, extra‐parochial .
Solving the inverse heat conduction problem using NVLink capable Power architecture

The accurate knowledge of Heat Transfer Coefficients is essential for the design of precise heat transfer operations. The determination of these values requires Inverse Heat Transfer Calculations, which are usually based on heuristic optimisation techniques, like Genetic Algorithms or Particle Swarm Optimisation. The main bottleneck of these heuristics is the high computational demand of the cost function calculation, which is usually based on heat transfer simulations producing the thermal history of the workpiece at given locations. This Direct Heat Transfer Calculation is a well parallelisable process, making it feasible to implement an efficient GPU kernel for this purpose. This paper presents a novel step forward: based on the special requirements of the heuristics solving the inverse problem (executing hundreds of simulations in a parallel fashion at the end of each iteration), it is possible to gain a higher level of parallelism using multiple graphics accelerators. The results show that this implementation (running on 4 GPUs) is about 120 times faster than a traditional CPU implementation using 20 cores. The latest developments of the GPU-based High Power Computations area were also analysed, like the new NVLink connection between the host and the devices, which tries to solve the long time existing data transfer handicap of GPU programming. Abstract The accurate knowledge of Heat Transfer Coeﬃcients is essential for the design 2 of precise heat transfer operations. The determination of these values requires 3 Inverse Heat Transfer Calculations, which are usually based on heuristic opti- 4 misation techniques, like Genetic Algorithms or Particle Swarm Optimisation. 5 The main bottleneck of these heuristics is the high computational demand of 6 the cost function calculation, which is usually based on heat transfer simulations 7 producing the thermal history of the workpiece at given locations. This Direct 8 Heat Transfer Calculation is a well parallelisable process, making it feasible to 9 implement an eﬃcient GPU kernel for this purpose. This paper presents a novel 10 step forward: based on the special requirements of the heuristics solving the in- 11 verse problem (executing hundreds of simulations in a parallel fashion at the end 12 of each iteration), it is possible to gain a higher level of parallelism using multi- 13 ple graphics accelerators. The results show that this implementation (running 14 on 4 GPUs) is about 120 times faster than a traditional CPU implementation 15 using 20 cores. The latest developments of the GPU-based High Power Compu- 16 tations area were also analysed, like the new NVLink connection between the 17 host and the devices, which tries to solve the long time existing data transfer 18 handicap of GPU programming. 19
Structural basis for distinct roles of Lys63‐ and Lys48‐linked polyubiquitin chains

Ubiquitination, a modification in which single or multiple ubiquitin molecules are attached to a protein, serves as a signalling function that controls a wide variety of cellular processes. To date, two major forms of polyubiquitin chain have been functionally characterized, in which the isopeptide bond linkages involve Lys48 or Lys63. Lys48‐linked polyubiquitin tagging is mostly used to target proteins for degradation by the proteasome, whereas Lys63‐linked polyubiquitination has been linked to numerous cellular events that do not rely on degradative signalling via the proteasome. Apparently linkage‐specific conformations of polyubiquitin chains are important for these cellular functions, but the structural bases distinguishing Lys48‐ and Lys63‐linked chains remain elusive. Here, we report NMR and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) studies on the intersubunit interfaces and conformations of Lys63‐ and Lys48‐linked di‐ and tetraubiquitin chains. Our results indicate that, in marked contrast to Lys48‐linked chains, Lys63‐linked chains are elongated molecules with no stable non‐covalent intersubunit interfaces and thus adopt a radically different conformation from that of Lys48‐linked chains.
The computer science of concurrency: the early years

3 Producer-Consumer Synchronization 6 3.1 The FIFO Queue . 6 3.2 Another Way of Looking at a FIFO Queue . 8 3.3 Mutual Exclusion versus Producer-Consumer Synchronization 9 3.4 The FIFO Queue as an N-Process System . 10 3.5 Generalized Producer-Consumer Synchronization . 10 3.6 The Two-Arrow Formalism Revisited . 11
CORE EXECUTIVES AND COORDINATION OF EU LAW TRANSPOSITION: EVIDENCE FROM NEW MEMBER STATES

This article compares cabinet institutions for coordinating the transposition of EU legislation in Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. It examines how national executives have adapted to European integration and what factors have shaped institutional variation across countries and over time. During pre-accession, the Hungarian, Polish and (to a lesser extent) Czech cabinets established strong core executives for tracking EU-related legislative commitments, monitoring progress and reviewing the quality of transposition. After accession, the cores in all three cabinets loosened the grip on transposition, although to different degrees. The analysis shows that, if sectoral factors are kept constant, variation in the patterns of national adaptation can be explained with reference to external incentives and constitutional rules. High benefits of transposition before accession encouraged centralization, particularly in prime-ministerial cabinets. Fewer incentives under full membership contributed to a halt or reversal in core executive ascendancy, especially in ministerial-type cabinets.
Effects of Narrative vs. Non-narrative Message on Attitudes and Memory: Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Attitude Measures

With the presumption that reading narratives helps to transform information search into a pleasant experience, a wide range of applications of narrative techniques has been developed in marketing fields. This research explores the effects of narrative messages by employing two different types of attitude measures (i.e., explicit vs. implicit). The results show that there are no statistical mean differences of between narrative and non-narrative messages in term of attitudes, but message effects are significant in short-term memory. This study is anticipated to have the potential to enhance our understanding of implicit and explicit attitudes, and measurement of the effects of narrative and non-narrative messages.
Mitigating radio emitter clock offset in detection and geolocation

When matched filtering is used for detection and geolocation (position estimation) of radio emitters, large emitter clock offset can cause a mismatch between the actual and synthesized (replica) waveforms in both carrier frequency and expansion/compression of the complex, baseband envelope. In this correspondence, the impact of this mismatch on performance is quantified, and an approach for addressing mismatch is presented. Specifically, the receivers employ multiple replicas that are time expanded/compressed as well as frequency shifted.
Germ line chimera produced by transfer of cultured chick primordial germ cells.

Intrinsic primordial germ cells (PGCs) from stage 27 (5‐day‐old) chick embryonic germinal ridges were cultured in vitro for a further 5 days, and shown to proliferate on stroma cells derived from the germinal ridge. To determine whether these cultured PGCs could colonize and contribute to the germ‐line, PGCs were isolated by gentle pipetting, labeled with PKH26 fluorescent dye and injected into the blood stream of stage 17 (2.5‐day‐old) chick embryos. The recipient embryos were incubated until they reached stage 28. Thin sections of these embryos were analysed by fluorescent confocal laser microscopy. These analyses showed that the labeled donor PGCs had migrated into the germinal ridges of the recipient embryos, and transplanted PGCs had undergone at least 3‐7 divisions. These results suggest that PGCs that had passed far beyond the migration stage in vivo were still able to migrate, colonize and proliferate in recipient chick embryonic gonads.
Single edge based belief propagation algorithms for MIMO detection

In this paper, two low-complexity belief propagation (BP) based detectors are proposed for multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) system. The factor graph is leveraged to represent the MIMO channels, and based on which our algorithms are developed. Unlike the existing complicated standard BP detectors that consider all the edges when updating the messages, our algorithms only focus on single edge, which largely reduce computational complexity. In particular, we propose a novel Gaussian approximation with feedback information (GF) mechanism to enable the proposed single edge BP detector. In order to further improve the detection performance, we also propose to integrate the linear MIMO detector into the initial GF based single edge BP detector, where the pseudo priori (PP) information obtained from linear detector is judiciously exploited. Convergence and complexity analyses, along with the numerical simulations, verify that the proposed single edge BP detectors outperform the existing BP detectors in performance while with low complexity.
Microfinance: Fortune at or also for the bottom of the pyramid?

As globalization increasingly becomes recognized as a major driver of an increasing gap between rich and poor (Soros, 2002); scholars and policy makers alike have responded to the pressure to create a more inclusive system of capitalism that better responds to the needs of the poor (Hart & London, 2005) in part by proposing an increased role of commercial businesses. This paper outlines the positives and negatives of microfinance, concluding that it is no panacea for poverty alleviation.
Evaluating the additionality of innovation policy. A review focused on the behavioural dimension

The evaluation of the additionality of innovation policies is focused on the net effects that would not have occurred in absence of the public intervention. In this paper, we review the body of literature dealing with the concept of additionality devoting particular attention to its behavioural dimension (i.e. changes in beneficiaries' behaviours resulting from the policy intervention). In the theoretical part of the paper, we stress that this latter, though not yet clearly defined and still characterised by some drawbacks, complements the input and output dimensions of the additionality concept and can be used to evaluate innovation policies according to the evolutionary and system perspectives. Furthermore, we provide a review of the recent econometric and quantitative studies dealing with the behavioural additionality in order to present a state of the art of the methods that can be used in this kind of evaluation.
Making sense of government budgeting: an internal transparency perspective

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is an investigation of internal transparency in government budgeting. Design/methodology/approach - – A case study which uses mixed methods – documentary analysis, some observation and elite interviews. Findings - – Politicians do not want transparency. Despite the way in which the idea of transparency in government is beyond open challenge, this study reveals the manner in which politicians can inhibit and limit transparency through political will and action. Research limitations/implications - – These findings raise serious challenges for policymakers who design government budgeting systems. They should raise concerns among other interested parties, including the media, the electorate and oversight bodies. Practical implications - – Are government budgets rigorously scrutinised? This evidence suggests not. This has major implications for accountants in government and for those who seek to use this information. Social implications - – This research needs to be extended beyond the case of a government body – the Scottish Parliament – which was designed for and committed to transparency in its activities. For those public service organisations which have no such commitment, is public accountability achievable? Originality/value - – This study uses a novel lens of three levels of transparency as devised by Biondi and Lapsley (2014). It focuses on an emergent field of internal transparency in government budgeting.
The role of venture capitalists in small and medium-sized enterprise initial public offerings: Evidence from China

Despite the rapid growth and importance of small and medium-sized enterprises and the venture capital (VC) industry in China, this is the first article to examine comprehensively the role of VCs in public firms listed on the Small and Medium Enterprise Board and the Growth Enterprise Board. Supporting monitoring and certification hypotheses, the study finds that VC-backed initial public offerings have higher premiums, lower initial underpricing and higher subsequent market reaction. The grandstanding motive is documented for younger VCs which offer higher levels of initial underpricing to enhance their positions in the industry, but no evidence is found to support grandstanding by foreign VCs.
And now, e-publication bias

In open access publishing scholarly communication is made available free of charge on the internet. In biomedical research, authors or sponsors often pay a fee to a publisher to enable immediate free online access.1 2 A few journals operate entirely under this model, whereas others use a hybrid model allowing authors to choose between subscription access and author-paid …
Privacy Preserving Point-of-Interest Recommendation Using Decentralized Matrix Factorization

Points of interest (POI) recommendation has been drawn much attention recently due to the increasing popularity of location-based networks, e.g., Foursquare and Yelp. Among the existing approaches to POI recommendation, Matrix Factorization (MF) based techniques have proven to be effective. However, existing MF approaches suffer from two major problems: (1) Expensive computations and storages due to the centralized model training mechanism: the centralized learners have to maintain the whole user-item rating matrix, and potentially huge low rank matrices. (2) Privacy issues: the users' preferences are at risk of leaking to malicious attackers via the centralized learner. To solve these, we present a Decentralized MF (DMF) framework for POI recommendation. Specifically, instead of maintaining all the low rank matrices and sensitive rating data for training, we propose a random walk based decentralized training technique to train MF models on each user's end, e.g., cell phone and Pad. By doing so, the ratings of each user are still kept on one's own hand, and moreover, decentralized learning can be taken as distributed learning with multi-learners (users), and thus alleviates the computation and storage issue. Experimental results on two real-world datasets demonstrate that, comparing with the classic and state-of-the-art latent factor models, DMF significantly improvements the recommendation performance in terms of precision and recall.
Do Equilibrium Real Business Cycle Theories Explain Postwar U. S. Business Cycles?

This article presents and interprets some new evidence on the validity of the real business cycle (RBC) approach to business cycle analysis. The analysis is conducted in the context of a monetary business cycle model that makes explicit one potential link between monetary policy and real allocations. This model is used to interpret Granger causal relations between nominal and real aggregates. Perhaps the most striking empirical finding is that money growth does not Granger cause output growth in the context of several multivariate VARs and for various sample periods during the postwar period in the United States. Several possible reconciliations of this finding with both real and monetary business cycles models are discussed. We find that it is difficult to reconcile our empirical results with the view that exogenous monetary shocks were an important independent source of variation in output growth.
Consumers’ preferences for the attributes of post-PC: results of a contingent ranking study

With the explosive growth of the internet and the change in consumer demand, post-PC is emerging as a substitute for the existing desktop PC and laptop PC. post-PC is a new computer which is portable with wireless networking, cheaper than the existing PC and specializing in the specific functions that consumers want. Rudimentary post-PCs such as PDA, web-pad and smart-phone are already in use. In the future, owing to technological progress, the heterogeneity of related companies and the low entry barrier, various post-PCs will be developed. This paper attempts to analyse consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for post-PC with such attributes as portability, CPU speed, data input method (using key board or electric pen), monitor size, and price. To this end, a contingent ranking method is applied, which makes the respondents rank hypothetical post-PC alternatives featuring various combinations of attributes, via a survey data collected in Korea. Using the estimated WTP, the shape and the capacity of future post-PC are predicted and policy implications drawn for national- and company-level R&D strategies.
Agonistic and antagonistic activities of chemokines

Since the discovery of interleukin‐8, about 50 chemokines have been identified and characterized. Originally, they were considered as inducible mediators of inflammation, but in recent years, several chemokines were identified that are expressed constitutively and function in physiological traffic and homing of leukocyte—lymphocytes in particular. All chemokines act via seven‐transmembrane domain, G protein‐coupled receptors. Eighteen such receptors have been identified so far. Studies on structure‐activity relationships indicate that chemokines have two main sites of interaction with their receptors, the flexible NH2‐terminal region and the conformationally rigid loop that follows the second cysteine. Chemokines are thought to dock onto receptors by means of the loop region, and this contact is believed to facilitate the binding of the NH2‐terminal region that results in receptor activation. These studies have also highlighted the importance of the NH2‐terminal region for agonistic and antagonistic activity. Recently, we have shown that some naturally occurring chemokines can function as receptor antagonists. These observations suggest a new mechanism for the regulation of leukocyte recruitment during inflammatory and immune reactions, which are based on the combination of agonistic and antagonistic effects.