Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in phenotypic expression in embryonic and adult cells treated with 5‐azacytidine

We have previously shown that 5‐azacytidine (5‐Aza‐CR) induced the formation of biochemically differentiated myotubes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes in the mouse embryo cell line, C3H/10T1/2CL8 (10T1/2), and that the induction of the muscle phenotype was cell cycle specific. Here we show that the adipocyte phenotype is also induced maximally in cells treated during early S phase. During this period, the minimum treatment time required for the subsequent formation of myotubes was 5 min and the number of myotubes formed was dependent on treatment time. The incorporation of 14C‐5‐Aza‐CR into DNA during the cell cycle, however, was not enhanced during early S phase, suggesting that incorporation of 5‐Aza‐CR into specific DNA sequences synthesized during early S phase may be required for the expression of the new phenotypes. Single cells, obtained by plating cell suspensions into 16 mm wells at limiting dilution, were treated with 5‐Aza‐CR during S phase. The resulting clones showed a high frequency of phenotypic conversion, indicating that 5‐Aza‐CR did not act via a selective mechanism, and several of the clones were capable of expressing more than one phenotype. The cells required more than 2 division cycles after treatment with the analog for the expression of the muscle phenotype and the capacity to differentiate was retained for long periods of time in the absence of cell division. The adult mouse line, CVP3SC6, differentiated into functional striated muscle cells following treatment with 5‐Aza‐CR. The analog also caused oncogenic transformation in the adult line at the same concentration that was effective at inducing myogenic expression.
Oxidative Stress in Mononuclear Cells Plays a Dominant Role in Their Adhesion to Mouse Femoral Artery After Injury

Leukocyte recruitment plays a pivotal role during inflammation after vascular injury. The importance of oxidative stress in vascular injury and its modulation by angiotensin II receptor blockers (olmesartan) have been demonstrated. We examined the contribution of leukocyte-associated oxidative stress in acute-phase leukocyte recruitment and its modulation by olmesartan. Male mice were treated with olmesartan (5 mg/kg per day) or vehicle for 7 days before the transluminal wire injury of the femoral artery. Intravital microscopy of the artery revealed that the mechanical injury increased adherent leukocytes at both 24 hours and 7 days after the injury, which was significantly reduced by olmesartan treatment. Dihydroethidium-associated fluorescence intensity observed in vehicle-treated mice was significantly diminished under olmesartan treatment. Apocynin, a nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor, showed a similar inhibitory effect on the leukocyte adhesion. Adoptive transfer of mononuclear cells, harvested from mice after wire injury, but not from those without wire injury, exhibited adhesion to the recipient injured artery. Furthermore, olmesartan treatment of mononuclear cells, but not of injured vasculature, reduced their recruitment to the injured artery. These data indicate that leukocyte recruitment to the mechanically injured artery is mediated by oxidative stress in leukocytes but not in vasculatures. Treatment with olmesartan blocked leukocyte recruitment by antagonizing mononuclear cells-associated oxidative stress.
The AAAI-99 KM/CBR Workshop: Summary of Contributions

The contributions at the AAA I-99 Workshop on Exploring Synergies of Knowledge Management and Case-Based Reasoning (www.aic.nrl.navy.mil/~aha/aaai99-kmcbrw) were varied; it was the first AAA I workshop that focused at the intersection of these two disciplines. In this paper I attempt to identify trends of interest to the case-based reasoning community, as exhibited by this workshop’s contributions, and predict some future trends.
Are Bald-Faced Lies Deceptive After All?

According to the traditional philosophical definition, you lie if and only if you say something that you believe to be false and you intend to deceive someone into believing what you say. However, philosophers have recently noted the existence of bald-faced lies, lies which are not intended to deceive anyone into believing what is said. As a result, many philosophers have removed deception from their definitions of lying. According to Jennifer Lackey, this is “an unhappy divorce” because it precludes an obvious explanation of the prima facie wrongness of lying. Moreover, Lackey claims that there is a sense of deception in which all lies are deceptive. In this paper, I argue that bald-faced lies are not deceptive on any plausible notion of deception. In addition, I argue that divorcing deception from lying is not as unhappy a result as Lackey suggests.
Frame complexity prediction for H.264/AVC rate control

Rate control regulates the output bit rate of a video encoder in order to obtain optimum visual quality within the available network bandwidth and to maintain buffer fullness within a specified tolerance range. In this paper, we propose a novel rate control scheme for H.264/AVC video compression with a number of new features. We first introduce a calculation approach of frame complexity based on the linear prediction theory. Then, we propose a joint Rate-Distortion model which is an integration of a liner rate-complexity model and an exponential rate-quantization model. Finally, we develop an effective target bit estimation approach. Experimental results show that, compared with JVT-W042, our scheme achieves more accurate rate regulation, provides robust buffer control, efficiently reduces frame skipping, and improves visual quality.
vDrive : An Efficient and Consistent Virtual I / O System

The most popular methods for managing storage and providing crash consistency are I/O virtualization and journaled filesystems respectively. This popularity is due to their widespread use in production environments. However, both of these methods have evolved separately in different contexts in the past. This paper presents a first look on providing crash consistency for virtual I/O caches through journaled filesystems. We find that nested filesystem journaling in guest and host operating systems has a significant performance cost. This cost is attributed to the use of traditional disk interfaces for cache flushes and lack of coordination between the two journaling levels. We present vDrive, a consistent virtual I/O system architecture, with a new virtual disk interface and semantic journaling mechanism designed to provide high performance. We have implemented vDrive interface extensions in the KVM/QEMU virtual I/O system and semantic journaling in the Linux ext4 filesystem. We show through experiments that vDrive outperforms nested journaling by up to 142% and correctly recovers to a consistent state after a crash.
Growth-limiting Intracellular Metabolites in Yeast Growing under Diverse Nutrient Limitations

We find that the metabolome of nutrient-limited yeast varies dramatically with the limiting nutrient's identity. Low glutamine is a hallmark of nitrogen limitation, ATP of phosphorus limitation, and pyruvate of carbon limitation. The availability of these metabolites can quantitatively account for the nutrient-limited yeast's growth rate.
Is Clinical Decision Making Skills are Developed through Academic Nurturing? A Review Based on Available Literature

Introduction : Today’s nurses are having challenges, demanding their ability to the profession. Nursing education should concentrate on educating competent health care providers to handle complex health care technology with fundamental implications for latest generation of patients. This paper aims to identify the various strategies used to enhance the clinical decision making ability among nurses. Methods : A comprehensive systematic review of published literature and journal articles from PubMed and Cinhal databases was done. Search strategy specific to each database was used. During initial search 6808 titles were retrieved and after screening 12 articles were selected for full text screening. Finally 12 research articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Results : Out of 12 articles, 7 research studies supported that clinical decision making can be developed using different types of simulation (such as human patient simulators, simulated clinical experiences, simulation to create rubric assessment). Two of those studies propose clinical reasoning abilities can be acquired through Outcome-Present state Test (OPT) model. Individual studies used strategies like concept mapping, educational interventions, analogy guided learning experiences, structured reflection in education and workshops can develop clinical decision making. Computer based and multimedia computer simulation program did not showing any clear outcome. Conclusion: Clinical decision making is an abstract skill which can be developed by using different strategies in different specialities and different situations. Since situational factors and time constraints are evident in practice, findings were supportive for clinical decision making(CDM) skill. The ideal setting for students to learn CDM skills is real clinical practice environment, especially when facilitated by opportunities for immediate feedback and reflection. CDM is necessary for providing quality patient care and favouring patient satisfaction. Keywords: Decision making, Nurses, Judgement, Clinical Competence
Update on the long-term complications of renal transplantation.

INTRODUCTION Powerful immunosuppressive regimens have reduced rejection risk, leading to an expanding cohort of long-term kidney transplant recipients who are likely to encounter practitioners in other specialties. SOURCES OF DATA Key review papers and primary literature identified through searches of PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Death from cardiovascular disease and malignancy remain the chief causes of transplant loss. Risk factors and phenotypes for these differ from the general population. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Many guidelines for renal transplant recipients are based on extrapolation from studies on non-transplant cohorts and may not be appropriate. Emerging studies demonstrate that established interventions in the general population are less efficacious in transplant recipients. GROWING POINTS The influence of immunosuppression on the development of complications. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Markers to guide individualized optimal immunosuppression and predict the development of complications would allow for targeted early intervention.
Influence of the use of square waveforms in fluorescent lamps

This paper describes the effects of applying square waveforms to the fluorescent lamps. In this work the additional benefits of using square waves and their effects in the luminous efficacy, power factor and crest factor for different power levels are presented. The study was realized by varying switching frequency in a wide range and it showed that the efficacy in the lamp fed with square waveforms remains almost constant and higher than the efficacy obtained with sinusoidal waveforms. On the other side, power factor and crest factor were almost unitary in all the frequency range. The employment of square waveforms in low or high frequency presents an advantage against sinusoidal waveforms. The obtained results suggest the possibility to employ square waveforms in lighting sources where efficacy is critical, like emergency lighting sources.
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck and upper extremity among dentists in China

Objectives Studies from western countries show that dentists are vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the neck and upper extremities, but little is known about their epidemiology among members of this rapidly growing profession in China. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and identify potential risk factors associated with their occurrence in the dental profession in China. Setting and participants A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 52 different hospitals in a large metropolitan city in China. A total of 304 questionnaires were distributed to respondents identified via stratified random sampling and 272 dentists (121 females and 151 males) completed the survey. The response rate was 89.5%. Outcomes Visual analogue score was used to record neck and upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms on a body chart. Work-related risk factors, including physical and psychosocial factors, were accounted for in the regression analysis. Results 88% of the dentists reported at least one musculoskeletal disorder and 83.8% suffered from neck pain. In the multivariate analyses, working hours per day were associated with neck pain (OR=1.43; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.98). Inability to select the appropriate size of dental instrument was associated with shoulder (OR=2.07; 95% CI 1.00 to 4.32) and wrist/hand (OR=2.47; 95% CI 1.15 to 5.32) pain. As for psychosocial factors, high job demand was associated with symptoms in the shoulder (OR=1.09; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18), elbow (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19) and wrist/hand (OR=1.09; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17). Regular physical exercise was associated with decreased neck pain (OR=0.37; 95% CI 0.14 to 1.00). Conclusions The prevalence of WMSDs among Chinese dentists is high. Specifically, long working hours, inability to select the appropriate size of dental instrument and high job demand are the most significant risk factors.
The Wheel of Life: A Memoir of Living and Dying

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, M.D., is the woman who has transformed the way the world thinks about death and dying. Beginning with the groundbreaking publication of the classic psychological study On Death and Dying, through her many books and her years working with terminally ill children, AIDS patients and the elderly, Kubler-Ross has brought comfort and understanding to millions coping with their own deaths or the deaths of loved ones. Now, facing her own death at age seventy-one, this world-renowned healer tells the story of her life and explores her ultimate truth - death does not exist. Written frankly and with warmth, Kubler-Ross's memoir traces the intellectual and spiritual development of a destiny. "If I am opinionated and independent, " she writes, "if I am stuck in my ways, if I am a little off center, so what? That is me. " Her trademark conviction, one that has taken on dogma, prejudice and skepticism, was present as a girl in Switzerland, where the young Elisabeth observed the injustices of the world and vowed to change them. From her work in war-ravaged Poland to her pioneering counseling of the terminally ill, to her legendary seminars on death and dying at the University of Chicago, to her eye-opening discussions with those who had been revived after death, each experience provided Kubler-Ross with a piece of the puzzle. In a culture determined to sweep death under a carpet and hide it there, Kubler-Ross consistently defied common wisdom to bring it into the light and hold it there for us to see and not be afraid. Driven by compassion, undeterred by obstacles, she shows the reader through the story of her remarkable life that free will is our greatest gift and that our goal is spiritual evolution.
Survey of Nursery Errors in Healthcare Centers, Isfahan, Iran

Background & Aim: Nurse's mistakes usually have a strong effect on the patients trust and satisfaction in the health services systems, and it can also lead to stress and moral contradicts among nurses. This study has aimed to survey the rate of nurses’ mistakes, according to documents in the Isfahan Province during 2007-2012. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample population consisted of all complaints concerning nursing services provided in hospitals, private clinics and other health service centers between 2007 and 2012, submitted to the Forensic Medicine Commission Office, in Isfahan. The data were collected by a cheklist and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software. Results: Out of 708 complaints, 70 (9.8%) cases were related to nurses. Twenty-four cases led to awards. The age range of nurses was 35-40 (25.7%). Out of 70 nurses with a record, 75% (53 people) were female and the rest were male. Sixty four nurses (91.4%) were working in hospitals. Negligence was the first basis of the court rulings (16 cases out of 24). Nurses’ recklessness in providing services was due to their convictions among 66.7% of the cases Conclusion: Although efforts to reduce and control nurses’ faults and mistakes depends on using a system for studying and removing the factors which lead to faults, human error is inevitable in every occupation and a 100% accurate operation is unreachable.
Awareness, Partisanship and the Post-Convention Bounce: A Memory-Based Model of Post-Convention Presidential Candidate Evaluations Part 1—Introduction & Theoretical Analysis

This paper employs panel data to estimate the effects of awareness and political partisanship on post-convention candidate evaluations. The theoretical framework proposed by John Zaller (1992) is employed; however, a functional form that differs greatly from Zaller’s proposed model is derived from Zaller’s assumption and then estimated using standard OLS regression. I find that partisans of the opposite party were more resistant to the convention message of Bush than Gore, awareness plays a greater role in determining predicted post-convention change for Gore, and that Gore’s message was received and accepted at a higher rate than Bush’s message.
Detection of Gene Interactions Based on Syntactic Relations

Interactions between proteins and genes are considered essential in the description of biomolecular phenomena, and networks of interactions are applied in a system's biology approach. Recently, many studies have sought to extract information from biomolecular text using natural language processing technology. Previous studies have asserted that linguistic information is useful for improving the detection of gene interactions. In particular, syntactic relations among linguistic information are good for detecting gene interactions. However, previous systems give a reasonably good precision but poor recall. To improve recall without sacrificing precision, this paper proposes a three-phase method for detecting gene interactions based on syntactic relations. In the first phase, we retrieve syntactic encapsulation categories for each candidate agent and target. In the second phase, we construct a verb list that indicates the nature of the interaction between pairs of genes. In the last phase, we determine direction rules to detect which of two genes is the agent or target. Even without biomolecular knowledge, our method performs reasonably well using a small training dataset. While the first phase contributes to improve recall, the second and third phases contribute to improve precision. In the experimental results using ICML 05 Workshop on Learning Language in Logic (LLL05) data, our proposed method gave an F-measure of 67.2% for the test data, significantly outperforming previous methods. We also describe the contribution of each phase to the performance.
Social tagging recommendation system for smart city environments

The increasing use of social network resources has increased the users demands through these networks. Analyzing social media enables us to benefit from the rich source of multimedia in a personalized, adaptive and systematic way for building smart cities environments. This paper proposes an algorithm to fill the gap between the social media resources, user personalized preferences and the collaborative opinions. The algorithm utilizes social tagging to contribute in increasing the quality for searching for places, services, and the discovering communities of the same interest. By exploiting social tagging, we propose a model which analyzes comments and feedback of posts published by users online. We demonstrate how the proposed algorithm can better utilize social information to improve the discovering of relevant items for a given user. The experiment results show feasibility of filtering and matching items of a similar interest for individual users and a social community.
Empowering female students for climate change intervention: The case of University of KwaZulu-Natal ENACTUS

abstract Female student activists, members of an organisation called ENACTUS, are on the move for community awareness and action on climate change. ENACTUS, an international non-profit student organisation, present in over 1 600 universities, works with students, faculty advisors and business leaders, to harness the power of entrepreneurial action to transform lives and shape a better, more sustainable world for communities. Student teams develop outreach projects in accordance with the triple bottom line – “P” for Planet, People and Profit and access resources to improve the quality of life and standard of living of people in need. The research captures the reflections of six female students from the University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville, Edgewood and Pietermaritzburg campuses in South Africa who were involved in ENACTUS climate change initiatives in Umlazi, Wentworth and Umkhumbane where community partnerships were developed for climate change mitigation. In Ukhumbane, an informal settlement, students initiated a process with unemployed women to develop a recycling cooperative and to expand sustainable livelihoods from recycling. In Wentworth, a community experiencing environmental degradation and pollution in South Durban, students led a process to facilitate a programme of tree planting by school learners to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, and in nearby Umlazi, a walk was held to mobilise the community around the problems of climate change. The Focus uses a theoretical framework of reflective empowerment practice to understand student narratives on perceptions of the three projects. Students' narratives reveal the interface between the students' awareness of the meanings of climate change, its mediation through community exposure and the importance of gender equality and women's activism in climate change mitigation.
Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus Polymerase; Mode of Action and Resistance

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pandemic human pathogen posing a substantial health and economic burden in both developing and developed countries. Controlling the spread of HCV through behavioural prevention strategies has met with limited success and vaccine development remains slow. The development of antiviral therapeutic agents has also been challenging, primarily due to the lack of efficient cell culture and animal models for all HCV genotypes, as well as the large genetic diversity between HCV strains. On the other hand, the use of interferon-α-based treatments in combination with the guanosine analogue, ribavirin, achieved limited success, and widespread use of these therapies has been hampered by prevalent side effects. For more than a decade, the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has been targeted for antiviral development. Direct acting antivirals (DAA) have been identified which bind to one of at least six RdRp inhibitor-binding sites, and are now becoming a mainstay of highly effective and well tolerated antiviral treatment for HCV infection. Here we review the different classes of RdRp inhibitors and their mode of action against HCV. Furthermore, the mechanism of antiviral resistance to each class is described, including naturally occurring resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in different viral strains and genotypes. Finally, we review the impact of these RAVs on treatment outcomes with the newly developed regimens.