Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Approach of Reaching Necessary Knowledge in the Process of More Efficient Organizing of the Business System

— Management as a scientific discipline has experienced different changes: from the traditional, classical to the modern and postmodern. In order that the managers could conduct efficient and effective organizing in the business system, they need appropriate knowledge for the same. In this paper we deal with the unique concept of reaching necessary knowledge in the process of organizing based on knowledge bases. Here we suggest a new concept and we represent it as a unique solution and we will update knowledge base only to some knowledge with the use of Protégé editor, an open code platform, by which we can quickly and simply provide all necessary knowledge updated in it. Suggested concept can be to the managers a good basis for efficient use of all necessary knowledge for the management of all activities in the business system. In the paper is specially emphasised and represented the organizing as one of the jobs of the manager, while planning, leadership, control, directing the information and knowledge, directing the staff, employment, efficient use of new technologies and similar are only partly presented.
Quantitative modeling of reflected ultrasonic bounded beams and a new estimate of the Schoch shift

The wavefields of bounded acoustic beams and pulses reflected from water-loaded plates are fully modeled with the phase advance technique. The wavefield produced at the source is propagated at any incidence angle using phaseshift modeling that incorporates the full analytic solution for the acoustic reflectivity at the interface. This approach provides for the ready visualization of both the stationary monofrequency beam wavefield and animation of the temporally bounded pulse. The model images are reminiscent of the classic Schlieren photographs that first illustrated the nonspecular behavior of the reflected beams incident near critical angles. Various phenomena such as the lateral displacement and the null zone at the Rayleigh critical angle are recreated. A new approximation for this shift agrees well with that of the peak energy of the reflected beam. Similar effects are observed during the reflection of a bounded pulse. Although more computationally costly than existing analytic approximations, the phase advance technique can facilitate the interpretation of reflectivity measurements obtained in laboratory experiments. In particular, the full visualization allows for a better understanding of the behavior of reflected waves at any angle of incidence.
ROLE AND EFFECT OF AGROFORESTY SUBSIDES ALLOCATED BY THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN ITALIAN FARMS

Since the early 1990s, the European Union has financed a lot of specific measures aimed at promoting agroforestry on farms. In fact, the reform of Common Agricultural Policy proposed by the European Commissioner Ray MacSharry has put in place several actions with the predominant aim of changing the European agricultural model based on an environmental protection instead of a growth of agrarian productions. The purpose of this paper was, using a multiple regression model, to assess the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy, specifically financial subsides allocated by the second pillar of the CAP, in promoting agroforestation actions on the overall output of farmers over the time 2004-2012 and on the growth of woodland surface. Findings have pointed out a positive correlation between financial support paid by the Rural Development Program and the farmer total income with positive consequences on the growth of afforestated surfaces particularly in lowland areas.
Efficacy of chlorhexidine for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients: a systematic review with meta‐analyses

BACKGROUND Oral mucositis occurs in patients undergoing chemoradiation for cancer treatment. It is believed that colonization of ulcerated mucosa by bacteria, fungi, and virus results in secondary infections. The effect of chlorhexidine on the incidence and severity of oral mucositis in patients with cancer was evaluated in this review. METHODS Studies were limited to randomized placebo-controlled trials. Three databases were searched: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to May 25, 2016. RESULTS Ninety-eight abstracts were evaluated by three independent reviewers. Twelve studies met the criteria for inclusion. Four of these studies were assessed at unclear risk of bias and eight of them at high risk. Of the 12 studies, nine were included in two meta-analyses. Pooled results showed that chlorhexidine did not significantly reduce incidence of mucositis compared to placebo (P = 0.129), nor chlorhexidine did significantly reduce the severity of mucositis (P = 0.127), although subgroup analysis in the chemotherapy group showed a trend toward significance (P = 0.054). Side effects reported in the included studies were teeth staining and altered taste perception. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review found that chlorhexidine is not significantly effective in reducing the severity of mucositis (moderate quality of evidence) nor in preventing the incidence of mucositis (low quality of evidence). However, more studies are needed in patients receiving chemotherapy only, as a positive trend toward significance was found (P = 0.054).
Design of multiband planar antenna for mobile devices

In this paper, three designs of planar antenna is presented. These low profile planar antennas can be used within widely used bands of frequencies that is, between 800MHz to 9GHz (10 bands) of all cellular from 2G to 4G and beyond. In addition, the coverage frequency includes wireless local area networks (WLAN) and WiMax. Significant structural changes are made in one of the latest structure of multiband antenna which is a combination of L-type, C-type and inverted F-type. All of the bands showed the gain of over 2dB and significant S11 parameters of below −10dBm. Additionally, all of them have significant 3-dB bandwidth. The changes in structure further improved bandwidth, gain for some of the bands. With coupled-fed mechanism and a slotted ground structure, we obtain multiband and wideband characteristics. The influences of the modifications introduced into the ground plane as well as structure of all types of antenna, improved the bandwidths significantly. The design structure is presented, simulated results of radiation pattern, the gains, S11 parameters and results are discussed. The obtained results can meet the requirements of practical mobile phones.
Alcohol and human emotion: a multidimensional analysis incorporating startle-probe methodology.

The effect of alcohol intoxication on emotional response was investigated using a model of emotion that includes both arousal and valence dimensions. Thirty-six university students were exposed to multiple presentations of photographic slides selected to elicit distinctive emotional reactions ranging from very pleasant to very unpleasant; half of them received a moderate (approximately .75 ml/kg) dose of ethanol. The students' psychophysiological responses indicated that both general startle reactivity and autonomic indices specific to emotional arousal were diminished by alcohol. However, the affective modulation of startle, occurring with emotional states manipulated by slides with distinct valences, remained intact. These findings suggest that "stress-response dampening" by alcohol may involve a nonspecific attenuation of arousal reactions evident for positive as well as negative stimuli and that theories of motivation for drinking that are based on mood alteration may need refinement.
Sequence analysis and enzyme kinetics of the L2 serine beta-lactamase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

The L2 serine active-site beta-lactamase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been classified as a clavulanic acid-sensitive cephalosporinase. The gene encoding this enzyme from S. maltophilia 1275 IID has been cloned on a 3.3-kb fragment into pK18 under the control of a Ptac promoter to generate recombinant plasmid pUB5840; when expressed in Escherichia coli, this gene confers resistance to cephalosporins and penicillins. Sequence analysis has revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 909 bp with a GC content of 71.6%, comparable to that of the L1 metallo-beta-lactamase gene (68.4%) from the same bacterium. The ORF encodes an unmodified protein of 303 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 31.5 kDa, accommodating a putative leader peptide of 27 amino acids. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with those of other beta-lactamases showed it to be most closely related (54% identity) to the BLA-A beta-lactamase from Yersinia enterocolitica. Sequence identity is most obvious near the STXK active-site motif and the SDN loop motif common to all serine active-site penicillinases. Sequences outside the conserved regions display low homology with comparable regions of other class A penicillinases. Kinetics of the enzyme from the cloned gene demonstrated an increase in activity with cefotaxime but markedly less activity with imipenem than previously reported. Hence, the S. maltophilia L2 beta-lactamase is an inducible Ambler class A beta-lactamase which would account for the sensitivity to clavulanic acid.
Financial Integration and Economic Growth in the COMESA and SADC Regions

Abstract This study used panel data methods to examine the relationship between financial integration and economic growth in the COMESA and SADC regions. Using Foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio flows as a share of GDP, Chinn-Ito index of financial openness and debt flows as measures of financial integration, the study found that the relationship between financial integration and growth is largely insignificant in the combined sample of COMESA and SADC regions. However, the relationship changes when the two regions are separated. Whereas two of the indicators of financial integration are significant in the COMESA region, only one indicator of financial integration is significant in the SADC region implying that financial integration is more important in the COMESA region than in the SADC region. The results support the growth retarding theories of financial globalization and the convergence hypothesis in the COMESA region while the neoclassical trade theories find strong support in the SADC region. These results imply, first, that financial integration has different growth effects for different regional groupings and thus integration policies should not be universally applied. Second, these results imply that further enhancement of trade integration policies offer more promising outcomes for economic growth in the SADC region than financial integration policies while the converse is true for the COMESA region.
Household economic theory and the study of demographic phenomena

There are many aspects of the theory of household economics which are useful in explaining demographic developments and which can help in the interpretation of demographic events. The aggregation of individual utilities into a household-utility function makes it necessary to take household and family structure into account. A less narrow definition of utility (which is not limited to good produced) and the concept of a household production can explain certain tradeoffs between domestic work family size and activities outside the household undertaken by its members. These choices are subject to an obvious constraint which has however been neglected by conventional theorists: the time available to members of the household which they divide between different activities is limited. The concept of human capital finally adds a dynamic element to the theory. In this paper the relevance of these concepts is discussed for the study of fertility and of the demographic transition. (authors) (summaries in ENG SPA)
Detection of polychlorinated biphenyl degradation genes in polluted sediments by direct DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction

It was the aim of this study to specifically detect the DNA sequences for the bphC gene, the meta-cleavage enzyme of the aerobic catabolic pathway for biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl degradation, in aquatic sediments without prior cultivation of microorganisms by using extraction of total DNA, PCR amplification of bphC sequences, and detection with specific gene probes. The direct DNA extraction protocol used was modified to enhance lysis efficiency. Crude extracts of DNA were further purified by gel filtration, which yielded DNA that could be used for the PCR. PCR primers were designed for conserved regions of the bphC gene from a sequence alignment of five known sequences. The specificity of PCR amplification was verified by using digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes which were located internal to the amplified gene sequence. The detection limit for the bphC gene of Pseudomonas paucimobilis Q1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain LB400 was 100 cells per g (wet weight) or approximately five copies of the target sequence per PCR reaction mixture. In total-DNA extracts of aerobic top layers of sediment samples obtained from three different sampling sites along the Elbe River, which has a long history of anthropogenic pollution, Pseudomonas sp. strain LB 400-like sequences for the bphC gene were detected, but P. paucimobilis Q1 sequences were not detected. No bphC sequences were detected in an unpolluted lake sediment. A restriction analysis did not reveal any heterogeneity in the PCR product, and the possibility that sequences highly related to the bphC gene (namely, nahC and todE) were present was excluded. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wireless Power Transfer Strategies for Cooperative Relay System to Maximize Information Throughput

In this paper, wireless power transfer (WPT) strategies to maximize information throughput are studied for cooperative relay systems, where the relay has to harvest energy from radio frequency signals in order to help the source transmit information to the destination. First, the performances of three basic WPT schemes, source WPT, destination WPT, and joint source and destination WPT, is analyzed. Then, for a given transmission duration, optimal transfer parameters to maximize system information throughput for these three WPT schemes are provided. With the distances from the source and destination to the relay, we propose an optimal WPT strategy and two suboptimal WPT strategies. Finally, simulation results verify the theoretical results and show that there is no one WPT scheme always achieving the best performance at various relay positions. Moreover, it is also presented that the proposed optimal WPT strategy outperforms both suboptimal strategies.
Power and delay comparison of binary and quaternary arithmetic circuits

Interconnections play a crucial role in todays deep sub-micron designs because they dominate the delay, power and area. This is especially critical for modern million-gates FPGAs, where as much as 90% of chip area is devoted to interconnections. Multiple-valued logic allows for the reduction of the required number of signals in the circuit, hence can serve as a means to effectively curtail the impact of interconnections. We present in this paper a comparison of binary and quaternary implementations of arithmetic modules based on lookup table structures using a voltage-mode circuits. Our assessment demonstrates that significant a power reduction is possible through the use of quaternary structures, with very low delay penalties.
Mechanisms of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death

Erythrocyte injury such as osmotic shock, oxidative stress or energy depletion stimulates the formation of prostaglandin E2 through activation of cyclooxygenase which in turn activates a Ca2+ permeable cation channel. Increasing cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations activate Ca2+ sensitive K+ channels leading to hyperpolarization, subsequent loss of KCl and (further) cell shrinkage. Ca2+ further stimulates a scramblase shifting phosphatidylserine from the inner to the outer cell membrane. The scramblase is sensitized for the effects of Ca2+ by ceramide which is formed by a sphingomyelinase following several stressors including osmotic shock. The sphingomyelinase is activated by platelet activating factor PAF which is released by activation of phospholipase A2. Phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface is recognised by macrophages which engulf and degrade the affected cells. Moreover, phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes may adhere to the vascular wall and thus interfere with microcirculation. Erythrocyte shrinkage and phosphatidylserine exposure (‘eryptosis’) mimic features of apoptosis in nucleated cells which however, involves several mechanisms lacking in erythrocytes. In kidney medulla, exposure time is usually too short to induce eryptosis despite high osmolarity. Beyond that high Cl- concentrations inhibit the cation channel and high urea concentrations the sphingomyelinase. Eryptosis is inhibited by erythropoietin which thus extends the life span of circulating erythrocytes. Several conditions trigger premature eryptosis thus favouring the development of anemia. On the other hand, eryptosis may be a mechanism of defective erythrocytes to escape hemolysis. Beyond their significance for erythrocyte survival and death the mechanisms involved in ‘eryptosis’ may similarly contribute to apoptosis of nucleated cells.
Virus-Contaminated Oysters: a Three-Month Monitoring of Oysters Imported to Switzerland

ABSTRACT Molluscan shellfish are known to be carriers of viral and bacterial pathogens. The consumption of raw oysters has been repeatedly linked to outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis and hepatitis A. Switzerland imports over 300 tons of oysters per year, 95% of which originate in France. To assess the level of viral contamination, a 3-month monitoring study was conducted. Therefore, the sensitivities of several previously described methods for virus concentration were compared, and one protocol was finally chosen by using dissected digestive tissues. Eighty-seven samples consisting of five oysters each were analyzed for Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs), enteroviruses, and hepatitis A viruses from November 2001 to February 2002. The oysters were exported by 31 French, three Dutch, and two Irish suppliers. Eight oyster samples from six French suppliers were positive for NLVs, and four samples from four French suppliers were positive for enteroviruses; two of the latter samples were positive for both viral agents. No hepatitis A viruses were detected. The sequences of NLV and enterovirus amplicons showed a great variety of strains, especially for the NLVs (strains similar to Bristol, Hawaii, Mexico, and Melksham agent). The data obtained indicated that imported oysters might be a source of NLV infection in Switzerland. However, further studies are needed to determine the quantitative significance of the risk factor within the overall epidemiology of NLVs.
Interleukin‐28B polymorphisms and interferon gamma inducible protein‐10 serum levels in seronegative occult hepatitis C virus infection

Polymorphisms upstream interleukin (IL)‐28B gene and serum levels of interferon gamma inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10) are associated with spontaneous and treatment‐induced hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. Patients with seronegative occult HCV infection are anti‐HCV and serum HCV‐RNA negative but have viral RNA in liver and abnormal values of liver enzymes. We examined if the rs12979860 polymorphism of IL‐28B and serum IP‐10 levels differ between chronic and seronegative occult CV infection. IL‐28B polymorphism was determined with allele specific TaqMan probes in total DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and IP‐10 by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in serum from 99 patients with seronegative occult HCV infection and 130 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. IL‐28B genotypes were also determined in 54 healthy volunteers. Prevalence of the IL‐28B CC genotype was significantly higher in seronegative occult HCV infection (52/99; 52.5%) than in chronic hepatitis C (32/130; 24.6%, P < 0.0001) or healthy controls (19/54: 32.5%, P = 0.039). Among patients with seronegative occult HCV infection, HCV‐RNA load in liver was significantly lower in those with the IL‐28B CC genotype than in those with CT + TT genotypes (2.8 × 105 ± 5.8 × 104 vs. 4.1 × 105 ± 5.9 × 104 copies/μg of total RNA respectively; P = 0.023). Mean serum IP‐10 levels were significantly lower in patients with seronegative occult HCV infection than in patients with chronic hepatitis C (160.8 ± 17.9 vs. 288.7 ± 13.3 pg/ml respectively; P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that the host immune response plays an important role in seronegative occult HCV infection in comparison with chronic hepatitis C. J. Med. Virol. 88:268–274, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐stigma and the “why try” effect: impact on life goals and evidence‐based practices

Many individuals with mental illnesses are troubled by self-stigma and the subsequent processes that accompany this stigma: low self-esteem and self-efficacy. "Why try" is the overarching phenomenon of interest here, encompassing self-stigma, mediating processes, and their effect on goal-related behavior. In this paper, the literature that explains "why try" is reviewed, with special focus on social psychological models. Self-stigma comprises three steps: awareness of the stereotype, agreement with it, and applying it to one's self. As a result of these processes, people suffer reduced self-esteem and self-efficacy. People are dissuaded from pursuing the kind of opportunities that are fundamental to achieving life goals because of diminished self-esteem and self-efficacy. People may also avoid accessing and using evidence-based practices that help achieve these goals. The effects of self-stigma and the "why try" effect can be diminished by services that promote consumer empowerment.
Evidence for adverse reproductive outcomes among women microelectronic assembly workers.

as a potential source of bias for a self reported outcome. Although spontaneous abortion was defined as "diagnosed miscarriages," and the name of the consulting physician was indicated, the data were collected through a self administered questionnaire. No attempts to validate the outcomes were cited even for a sample of exposed workers and referents. Furthermore, the selection of referents is curious-they were selected by the exposed workers-and as the authors' note, this could create further bias. Not only is selection bias a concern with regard to the referents, but it may also be so with regard to the exposed workers. Only 144 women were selected from 3371 workers during their period of employment (representing 4% of the worker population). This population contributed to the study a total of only 25 pregnancies during employment. Although the sample size is small, the authors provide no explanation regarding how workers were selected for participation. Were they selected through a well designed randomisation process or were they selected because they volunteered for the study? Could those with problem pregnancies or other health complaints during employment have been