Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pesticides and Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Since 2008, mass mortality outbreaks have been reported in all French regions producing Pacific oysters, and in several Member States of the European Union. These mass mortality events of Pacific oysters are related to OsHV-1 infection. They occur during spring and summer periods leaving suspect the quality of the marine environment and the role of seasonal use of pesticides associated with the arrival of freshwater in oyster rearing areas. Pesticides have been also detected in French coastal waters, especially in areas of oyster production. Using PMA real-time PCR we showed that a mixture of 14 pesticides has no effect on the integrity of virus capsids from viral suspension in the conditions tested. A contact of oysters with this pesticide mixture was related to higher mortality rates among experimentally infected animals in comparison with control ones (no previous pesticide exposure before experimental infection). We therefore suggest that pesticides at realistic concentration can exert adverse effects on Pacific oysters and causes an increased susceptibility to the viral infection in experimental conditions.
A Review on Storage & Prevention in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the stage for a choice of services like software, infrastructure as a cloud service and each person wants to have the benefit of that cloud services using the cloud computing concept, which ultimately increases the data size and loaded records on cloud servers. Due to increased number of files on the cloud database the retrieval of files becomes much more time consuming and complex. Also this file retrieval doesn’t ensure the exact retrieval of files from the storage. Besides, the privacy apprehensions affect to the appropriate documents regained by the cloud user in the afterward phase in view of the fact that they may also enclose sensitive data and make known information about sensitive exploration words or phrase. Keywords— Cloud, security, multi-keyword, cloud computing.
Channel Characteristic Aware Spectrum Aggregation algorithm in Cognitive Radio networks

In Cognitive Radio (CR) networks, it is common that the spectrum holes are too narrow to support high-speed communications. Discontinuous Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DOFDM) is a good way for a secondary user to access several spectrum fragments simultaneously with one Radio Front (RF). In this paper, a novel Channel Characteristic Aware Spectrum Aggregation (CCASA) algorithm which uses DOFDM to aggregation spectrum fragments with only one radio front is proposed in order to increase the overall throughput of a CR network. By combining Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) and spectrum aggregation, the good subcarriers are assigned to the specific secondary users in CCASA algorithm thus achieving a better channel efficiency. Different bandwidth requirement and aggregation limitation of secondary users are both considered in this algorithm while maintaining a fairly low computational complexity. The simulation results show that CCASA achieves a bigger total throughput than existing aggregation algorithms.
Providing Written or Oral Explanations? Differential Effects of the Modality of Explaining on Students' Conceptual Learning and Transfer

ABSTRACT Learning-by-explaining (to fictitious others) has been shown to be an effective instructional method to support students' generative learning. In this study, we investigated differential effects of the modality of explaining (written versus oral) on students' quality of explanations and learning. Forty-eight students worked on a hypertext about combustion engines. Afterwards, they were asked to explain the learning content, either orally or in writing. Findings indicated that providing written explanations was more effective than providing oral explanations in supporting students to organize the content of the explanations. The higher levels of organization yielded higher levels of students' conceptual knowledge. In contrast, generating oral explanations, relative to written explanations, triggered students' elaborative processes to a more pronounced extent, which was more beneficial to attaining transferable knowledge. Thus, we conclude that the modality of explaining plays a critical role in learning-by-explaining inasmuch as different modes differentially support student learning.
Enhancing Koyama Scheme Using Selective Encryption Technique in RSA-based Singular Cubic Curve with AVK

This paper analyzes application of Selective Encryption with Automatic Variable Key (AVK) for text based documents in Koyama Public Key Cryptosystem (PKC). In this paper, a new robust and simple PKC based singular cubic curve cryptosystem over the ring Zn, using selective encryption with Automatic Variable Key (AVK), is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, selected parts of text document are encrypted/decrypted using any public key cryptosystem e.g. RSA algorithm based singular cubic curve with AVK approach. The key is conflgured every time as Automatic Variable Key. Rest of the plain text after selection is either left as it is and can be encrypted/decrypted using a simple DES (Data Encryption Standard) approach. The balance of computational overhead is projected through the technique of selective encryption with AVK, which increases the speed of encryption/decryption and level of security as well. This paper illustrates how the selective encryption with AVK method increases security, robustness and speed of encryption in Koyama scheme. The enhanced algorithm suitably provides for authorization, authentication and confldentiality. The result obtained indicates increase in speed using selective encryption over the conventional technique. It can be established that the selective encryption has an edge over the existing techniques as far as time complexity is concerned.
Exploring the Factors Influencing Discontinued Hearing Aid Use in Patients With Unilateral Cochlear Implants

Studies have shown that unilateral cochlear implant users who have residual hearing in the contralateral ear can benefit from combining a hearing aid in the nonimplanted ear with their cochlear implant. The purpose of this study was to better understand the factors influencing decision making by adults. Adults who had discontinued hearing aid use shortly after cochlear implantation were selected from one Canadian cochlear implant program. An examination of hearing aid use revealed that of 96 patients, who used hearing aids preimplant, 49 had discontinued hearing aid use. Patient perspectives on the decision and experience of combining a hearing aid and a cochlear implant were collected through 12 individual semistructured interviews. The interviews were analyzed qualitatively to identify key themes. Questionnaires, based on the interview findings, were developed and sent to the 49 adults to further explore the factors affecting hearing aid decisions. Interview and questionnaire findings from 28 adults indicated that three factors primarily influenced patients' decision to discontinue hearing aid use: their perceptions of the experience with hearing aids prior to implantation, their views of superiority of a unilateral cochlear implant in comparison with hearing aids, and their perceptions of interference with sound quality when a cochlear implant and hearing aid were combined. This study provides information about patient perceptions, experiences, and understanding of the potential difficulties of a bimodal fitting that may assist clinicians in pre- and postimplant counseling.
Inducing Scale-Free Characteristics of Dynamic Unstructured P2P Networks

In a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, where nodes can freely join and leave at any time, the number of participating nodes tends to vary over time. Furthermore, in an unstructured P2P network, where any node can freely select direct linkages with any other node or nodes, this free selection/linkage process determines the network topology. A recent study that examined unstructured real-world P2P networks revealed that the observed topology of such networks will only follow a power-law degree distribution in a cumulative manner when the observation time period is long enough to allow numerous nodes to join and leave the network. Thus, to ensure the accuracy of simulation-based evaluations in unstructured P2P network research, this property, observed in real-world P2P networks, should also be reflected in topology generation for simulation. Accordingly, in this study, we propose a topology generation method in which the nodes participating in the network vary over time, a newly participating node randomly selects other nodes for linkage, and the resulting P2P network topology only follows a power-law degree distribution when the topology information collection time exceeds a certain duration. The proposed method is validated by simulation results.
New beamformers for waveform reconstruction of the correlated EEG sources

This paper presented a method which may reasonably accurately reconstruct time courses of the correlated sources. This method first uses estimates of the source locations to construct a transformation, which removes the correlated interfering sources while retaining the desired sources. Conventional adaptive beamformers is then performed on the transformed data containing only desired sources to obtain accurate source time course estimates. Repeatedly applying the method to each of the correlated sources can accurately reconstruct all the source time courses. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method can remove the leakage from the other correlated sources and thus, obtain accurate source time courses estimates. Numerical experiments show that, compared to the conventional adaptive beamformers, the proposed method can reconstruct the source time courses without distortions.
Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging

The total attenuation suffered by one beam of x-rays as it travels in a straight line through an object can be represented by a line integral. Combining a set of line integrals forms a projection. With the filtered back projection a three-dimensional reconstruction of the object can de made by using projections from different angles. The quality of a reconstructed image depends on the number of samples, the number of projections, the reconstruction grid, the photon energy, the x-ray source and the detector. Several techniques can be used to avoid or repair distortions. To improve the volume coverage speed performance of CT scans, new scanning methods, such as helical and multi-slice CT, are developed. These methods ask for new reconstruction algorithms.
A compact, planar, eight-port waveguide power divider/combiner: the cross potent superhybrid

We present a novel four-way divider/combiner in rectangular waveguide. The design is completely two-dimensional (2-D) in the h-plane, with eight-fold mirror symmetry, and is based on a recent four-port hybrid design. In combining mode, it can function as a phased array with four inputs and four outputs. The planar nature of this design provides advantages, such as the freedom to increase the waveguide height beyond the over-moding limit in order to reduce field strengths. Along with its open geometry, this makes it ideal for high-power applications where RF breakdown is a concern. Design criteria, field-solver simulation results, and prototype measurements are presented.
Using Object Deputy Model for Aspect Oriented Programming

This paper presents our exploration that uses object deputy model to support aspect oriented programming in Smalltalk. Our programming model provides a special binding mechanism called deputy relationship by which classes and objects can be connected with deputy classes and deputy objects. We propose that those newly added modeling units can provide functionality of aspect oriented programming, since the separation and integration of system concerns can be easily modeled by our approach. Furthermore, based on the features derived from object deputy model, our approach provides more dynamic facilities that make the aspect activation and advice execution more flexible.
Dialogic Teaching and Dialogic Stance: Moving beyond Interactional Form

While there is consensus that dialogic teaching should involve a repertoire of teaching and learning talk patterns and approaches, authorities who enjoin teachers to engage in dialogic teaching generally characterize classroom dialogue in terms of surface features such as open questions. But dialogic teaching is not defined by discourse structure so much as by discourse function. When teachers adopt a dialogic instructional stance, they treat dialogue as a functional construct rather than structural, and classroom oracy can thrive. Our research finds that dialogic talk functions to model and support cognitive activity and inquiry and supportive classroom relations, to engage multiple voices and perspectives across time, and to animate student ideas and contributions. Employing narrative analysis and cross-episodic contingency analysis, we tell a story in three episodes about how oracy practices promote dialogic functions in a third-grade classroom. We unpack how a particular teaching exchange—one we have selected specifically for its nondialogic surface appearance—reflects dialogic teaching. Findings show how supportive epistemic and communal functions of classroom talk are more important to successful dialogic teaching and learning than are surface dialogic features. We argue it is necessary to look beyond interactional form and unpack function, uptake, and purpose in classroom discourse. There is no single set of teaching behaviors that is associated with dialogism. Rather, teachers can achieve dialogic discourse in their classrooms through attention to underlying instructional stance.
Between Logic and Common Sense: The Formal Semantics of Words

One of the most important properties of human languages is their ability to convey intricate meanings. The vastness and effectiveness of those meanings for everyday communication and reasoning transcends all known non-human languages, including other animal languages and artificial languages. For studying communication and reasoning in language, an indispensable empirical concept is entailment: the relation between premises and valid conclusions expressed as natural language sentences. Entailment relations may appear between sentences due to the presence of words and expressions like other, either.or, not or exactly five, whose meanings have been studied in logical frameworks since antiquity. However, entailments may also appear due to semantic properties of “non-logical” words like parrot, hug, far or knowledge. Such content words constitute the bulk of the lexicon in all natural languages. Without considering them, it is simply impossible to understand entailment phenomena and human reasoning in general. However, while content words have played an important role in cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence, their meanings have turned out to be richer and fuzzier than what current logical techniques in semantics can handle. As a result, the study of entailment has lagged behind important advances of other areas in the study of language. This program will develop a comprehensive model of entailment in language. A new framework of Content Sensitive Formal Semantics will treat the interactions between common sense meanings of content words (e.g. parrot) and logical operators in language (e.g. not). The resulting model of entailment is expected to constitute a breakthrough in our understanding of linguistic reasoning and its practical applications.
The exterior algebra and `Spin' of an orthogonal g-module

A well-known result of Kostant gives a description of the G-module structure for the exterior algebra of Lie algebra $\frak g$. We give a generalization of this result for the isotropy representations of symmetric spaces. If $\frak g={\frak g}_0+{\frak g_1}$ is a Z_2-grading of a simple Lie algebra, we explicitly describe a ${\frak g}_0$-module $Spin_0({\frak g}_1)$ such that the exterior algebra of ${\frak g}_1$ is the tensor square of this module times some power of 2. Although $Spin_0({\frak g}_1)$ is usually reducible, we show that a Casimir element for ${\frak g}_0$ always acts scalarly on it. We also a give classification of all orthogonal representations of simple algebraic groups having an exterior algebra of skew-invariants.
Becoming “whole” again: a qualitative study of women’s views of recovering from anorexia nervosa. European Eating Disorders review

Objectives: The study explored women’s perceptions of their recovery process and what recovery means to them in order to gain a better understanding of the predictors of recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN). Method: The data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out with fifteen women who received a diagnosis of AN and defined themselves as recovered/in recovery. The women were recruited from beat. Results: The women described their experiences in terms of four broad areas; being anorexic; dissatisfaction with treatment; process of change; and being recovered. Whilst anorexic, women experienced a series of dichotomies. In particular, they described splits between mind and body, AN behaviour and cognitions and rational and irrational side. Recovery occurred when the above dichotomies became resolved. Conclusion: Recovery occurs only when an individual becomes “whole” again, which is a lengthy psychological process. Therefore, it is also essential that therapy is not discontinued after patients reach their target weight.
Nonlinear dynamics of 1550nm VCSELs under external perturbations

In this paper, nonlinear dynamical characteristics of 1550nm vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) subject to positive optoelectronic feedback (POEF) or polarization-preserved optical feedback (PPOF) are experimentally investigated. For the case of POEF, various nonlinear dynamical behaviors including regular pulsing (RP), quasiperiodic pulsing (QP), chaotic pulsing (CP) and mode locking (ML) have been experimentally observed and a mapping of dynamical states is presented in the parameter space of bias current and feedback strength. For the case of PPF, the characteristics of this polarization switching (PS) between two orthogonal linearly polarized fundamental modes are strongly modified. The PPOF results in the PS point shift towards lower injection current, and the region within which the two polarization modes coexist is enlarged with the increase of the PPOF strength. Under too strong PPOF levels, the PS disappears.
Accelerated repair of demyelinated CNS lesions in the absence of non-muscle myosin IIB

The oligodendrocyte (OL), the myelinating cell of the central nervous system, undergoes dramatic changes in the organization of its cytoskeleton as it differentiates from a precursor (oligodendrocyte precursor cells) to a myelin‐forming cell. These changes include an increase in its branching cell processes, a phenomenon necessary for OL to myelinate multiple axon segments. We have previously shown that levels and activity of non‐muscle myosin II (NMII), a regulator of cytoskeletal contractility, decrease as a function of differentiation and that inhibition of NMII increases branching and myelination of OL in coculture with neurons. We have also found that mixed glial cell cultures derived from NMIIB knockout mice display an increase in mature myelin basic protein‐expressing OL compared with wild‐type cultures. We have now extended our studies to investigate the role of NMIIB ablation on myelin repair following focal demyelination by lysolecithin. To this end, we generated an oligodendrocyte‐specific inducible knockout model using a Plp‐driven promoter in combination with a temporally activated CRE‐ER fusion protein. Our data indicate that conditional ablation of NMII in adult mouse brain, expedites lesion resolution and remyelination by Plp+ oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells when compared with that observed in control brains. Taken together, these data validate the function of NMII as that of a negative regulator of OL myelination in vivo and provide a novel target for promoting myelin repair in conditions such as multiple sclerosis. GLIA 2014;62:580–591
Temporal Resolution of ntPET Using Either Arterial or Reference Region-Derived Plasma Input Functions

We recently introduced an imaging application combining dynamic positron emission tomography (PET), a modification of the two-tissue compartment model, and constrained parameter estimation. The objective of this method, which we have called neurotransmitter PET (ntPET), is to estimate the timing of neurotransmitter (NT) kinetics. The time course of NT release in response to drugs or other stimuli may provide information about the function of the brain. In this paper, we evaluate two alternate formulations of ntPET, one which uses arterial blood samples as the plasma input function (ART) and another which uses a reference region-derived approximation of the plasma input (REF). Simulated data with strong (moderate noise, prominent NT response) and weak (high noise, subtle NT response) signals were analyzed with ntPET using ART and REF. Both methods were able to recover NT profiles resembling the true response, with temporal resolution better than 1 min for strong signals and 3 min for weak signals. Despite potential disadvantages, REF yielded results rivaling those of the ART method. When a sufficiently robust response is anticipated and knowledge of absolute timing is not necessary, the REF method is an appropriate alternative to ART, which is more demanding experimentally
Evaluation of the Burden of Unsuspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Co-Morbidity with Non-Communicable Diseases in Sputum Producing Adult Inpatients

Background A high burden of tuberculosis (TB) occurs in sub-Saharan African countries and many cases of active TB and drug-resistant TB remain undiagnosed. Tertiary care hospitals provide an opportunity to study TB co-morbidity with non-communicable and other communicable diseases (NCDs/CDs). We evaluated the burden of undiagnosed pulmonary TB and multi-drug resistant TB in adult inpatients, regardless of their primary admission diagnosis, in a tertiary referral centre. Methodology/Principal Findings In this prospective study, newly admitted adult inpatients able to produce sputum at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, were screened for pulmonary TB using fluorescent smear microscopy and automated liquid culture. The burden of pulmonary TB, unsuspected TB, TB co-morbidity with NCDs and CDs was determined. Sputum was analysed from 900 inpatients (70.6% HIV infected) 277 (30.8%) non-TB suspects, 286 (31.8%) TB suspects and 337 (37.4%) were already receiving TB treatment. 202/900 (22.4%) of patients had culture confirmed TB. TB co-morbidity was detected in 20/275 (7.3%) NCD patients, significantly associated with diabetes (P = 0.006, OR 6.571, 95%CI: 1.706–25.3). 27/202 (13.4%) TB cases were unsuspected. There were 18 confirmed cases of MDR-TB, 5 of which were unsuspected. Conclusions/Significance A large burden of unsuspected pulmonary TB co-morbidity exists in inpatients with NCDs and other CDs. Pro-active sputum screening of all inpatients in tertiary referral centres in high TB endemic countries is recommended. The scale of the problem of undiagnosed MDR-TB in inpatients requires further study.