Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating ocular blood flow

Studies have shown that vascular impairment plays an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of various ocular diseases including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal venous occlusive disease. Thus, qualitative and quantitative assessment of ocular blood flow (BF) is a topic of interest for early disease detection, diagnosis, and management. Owing to the rapid improvement in technology, there are several invasive and noninvasive techniques available for evaluating ocular BF, with each of these techniques having their own limitations and advantages. This article reviews these important techniques, with a particular focus on Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography.
Monopolistic Competition, Increasing Returns, and the Effects of Government Spending

The dynamic effects of government spending are considered in a general equilibrium model with monopolistic competition and increasing returns. In the economy, changes in the level of government spending endogenously raise total factor productivity, even though the spending itself is entirely wasteful. This leads to several results which contrast with the effects of government spending policies in environments with constant returns. A permanent increase in government spending increases the steady-state wage and may increase steady-state consumption. Also, regardless of its persistence, a temporary shock to government spending may simultaneously raise output, investment, the real wage, and consumption. Copyright 1996 by Ohio State University Press.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI DI SEKTOR AGROINDUSTRI TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN SEKTORAL, TENAGA KERJA DAN RUMAHTANGGA DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS SISTEM NERACA SOSIAL EKONOMI

ABSTRACT The research objective is to analyze the impact of government expenditure, export, investment and tax policy in agroindustry sector on sectoral, labor and household income distribution. The analysisi using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) model. Result of policy simulation in agroindustry sector is used for further analysis of income distribution using SAM and SUSENAS data. The result show that export, investment and tax insentive policy in agroindustry sector has positive impact to improve sectoral, labor and household income distribution. Export and investment policy in food agroindustry give a greater impact on income distribution compare to non food agroindustry. The most effective policy to improve income distribution is to increase investment in priority industries of agroindustry. Keyword: Agroindustry, Social Accounting Matrix, Policy Impat, Income Diistribution ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak berbagai kebijakan ekonomi di sektor agroindustri terhadap distribusi pendapatan sektoral, tenaga kerja dan rumahtangga. Kebijakan ekonomi yang dimaksud adalah kebijakan peningkatan pengeluaran pemerintah, ekspor, investasi dan insentif pajak. Analisis menggunakan model Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi (SNSE). Simulasi kebijakan di sektor agroindustri dilanjutkan untuk menganalisis distribusi pendapatan menggunakan data SNSE dan SUSENAS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan ekspor, investasi dan insentif pajak di sektor agroindustri berdampak menurunkan kesenjangan pendapatan sektoral, tenaga kerja dan rumahtangga. Kebijakan ekspor dan investasi di sektor agroindustri makanan berdampak menurunkan kesenjangan pendapatan lebih besar dibandingkan kebijakan di sektor agroindustri non makanan. Kebijakan ekonomi yang paling efektif menurunkan kesenjangan pendapatan adalah meningkatkan investasi di sektor agroindustri prioritas. Kata kunci Agroindustri, Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi, Dampak Kebijakan, Distribusi Pendapatan
It is time for enhanced recovery after surgery in cardiac surgery.

Łukasz Krzych, MD, PhD is an associate professor of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine, head of the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice. Member of the Board of ‘Club 30’ of the Polish Cardiac Society. General Secretary of the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy and Chairman of its scientific section, cardiac and thoracic anaesthesia. His scientific activity encompasses the methodology of scientific research, mainly within the field of cardiac anaesthesia and intensive care of cardiovascular diseases and perioperative medicine, in particular prediction and consequences of complications in cardiac surgery, and some major issues associated with interdisciplinary intensive therapy.
Meetings on European multinationals: the experience so far

This article looks at the experience to date of meetings on European multinational companies, precursors to European works councils, using information from the main organisers, the European Industry Committees, and the participants. It finds that: there are now at least 290 European multinationals where employee representatives have met to talk about the prospect of a European works council. Overwhelmingly it is the national unions who decide who participates in the European level meetings and that, while non-UK unions draw on the statutory representative structures, such as works councils, to select their participants, in the UK the situation is more fluid. Overall around two-thirds of those attending are lay representatives. There are three issues which most meetings cover: the financial structure and plans of the company; a comparison of working conditions and trade union representation in the company's European locations; and the prospects of establishing a European works council. The meetings are about both exchanging information and building a European Works Council, although some Industry Committees focus more clearly on establishing a European Works Council than others. Participants report progress towards works councils, although they also welcome the links made and information shared at meetings. There are difficulties in maintaining links outside the meetings. The biggest single problem is language; people cannot communicate outside the formal sessions. There is also a general feeling among participants that they would like more information and among the organisers that they would like more resources. The key training needs are identified as language training followed by more training on the industrial relations systems in other countries.
Toilet compost and human urine used in agriculture: fertilizer value assessment and effect on cultivated soil properties

Toilet compost (TC) and human urine are among natural fertilizers, which raise interest due to their double advantages to combine sanitation and nutrient recovery. However, combination of urine and TC is not so spread probably because the best ratio (urine/TC) is still an issue and urine effect on soil chemical properties remains poorly documented. This study aims to determine the best ratio of urine and TC in okra cultivation, by targeting higher fertilization effect combined with lower impact on soil chemical properties. Based on Nitrogen requirement of okra, seven treatments were compared: (T0) no fertilizer, (T1) chemical fertilizer (NPK: 14-23-14), (T2) 100% urine, (T3) 100% TC, (T4) ratio of 75% urine + 25% TC, (T5) 50% urine + 50% TC and (T6) 25% urine + 75% TC. Results indicated that T4 (75% urine + 25% TC) gave the highest plant height and yield. In contrast, T2 (100% urine) gave the lowest results among all treatments, indicating toxicity effects on plant growth and associated final yield. Such toxicity is confirmed by soil chemical properties at T2 with soil acidification and significant increase in soil salinity. In contrast, application of urine together with TC mitigates soil acidification and salinity, highlighting the efficiency of urine and TC combination on soil chemical properties. However, further investigation is necessary to refine better urine/TC ratio for okra production.
Mutant MotB proteins in Escherichia coli

The MotB protein of Escherichia coli is an essential component in each of eight torque generators in the flagellar rotary motor. Based on its membrane topology, it has been suggested that MotB might be a linker that fastens the torque-generating machinery to the cell wall. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a number of motB mutants. As found previously for motA, many alleles of motB were dominant, as expected if MotB is a component of the motor. In other respects, however, the motB mutants differed from the motA mutants. Most of the mutations mapped to a hydrophilic, periplasmic domain of the protein, and nothing comparable to the slow-swimming alleles of motA, which show normal torque when tethered, was found. Some motB mutants retained partial function, but when tethered they produced subnormal torque, indicating that their motors contained only one or two functional torque generators. These results support the hypothesis that MotB is a linker.
Threshold and resonance phenomena in ultracold ground-state collisions.

We study the magnetic-field dependence of the cross sections for elastic and inelastic collisions of pairs of ultracold cesium atoms in a magnetic trap, calculated with the coupled-channels method. We pay special attention to atoms in the f=3, mf=-3 weak-field seeking state of the lower hyperfine manifold. The cross sections show a pronounced resonance structure. We discuss its origin, starting from the pure bound singlet and triplet rovibrational Cs2 states and introducing perturbations due to the hyperfine and Zeeman interactions. We also discuss the role of the centrifugal barrier in the final collision channel in reducing the loss of atoms from the trap due to transitions induced by the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction
Deep inspiration breath hold technique reduces heart dose from radiotherapy for left‐sided breast cancer

Introduction: Adjuvant left breast radiotherapy (ALBR) for breast cancer can result in significant radiation dose to the heart. Current evidence suggests a dose–response relationship between the risk of cardiac morbidity and radiation dose to cardiac volumes. This study explores the potential benefit of utilising a deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique to reduce cardiac doses.
Potential of Transfected Muscle Cells to Contribute to DNA Vaccine Immunogenicity1

The mechanism(s) by which DNA vaccines trigger the activation of Ag-specific T cells is incompletely understood. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments indicates plasmid transfection stimulates muscle cells to up-regulate expression of MHC class I and costimulatory molecules and to produce multiple cytokines and chemokines. Transfected muscle cells gain the ability to directly present Ag to CD8 T cells through an IFN-regulatory factor 3-dependent process. These findings suggest that transfected muscle cells at the site of DNA vaccination may contribute to the magnitude and/or duration of the immune response initiated by professional APCs.
Economic development and agricultural export pattern: an empirical cross-country analysis

Factor requirements of agricultural products differ distinctively according to their degree of processing. Whereas the production of agricultural raw materials is natural resource intensive, the production of processed agricultural products is capital intensive. "Revealed" comparative advantage of unprocessed agricultural raw material decreases significantly during the process of economic development. The opposite development path, however, has been observed for processed agricultural products. It is concluded that low capital endowment, as well as the lack of representative domestic demand, are the main obstacles less developed countries are confronted with to improve their export performance in trade with processed agricultural products. Copyright 1989 by Oxford University Press.
A Double-Blind Comparison of a Propionic Acid Derivative (Ibuprofen) and a Fenamate (Mefenamic Acid) in the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea

A double-blind three-way crossover design in the treatment of dysmenorrhea comparing a propionic acid derivative (ibuprofen) and a fenamate (mefenamic acid) with a placebo showed that both ibuprofen and mefenamic acid are generally superior to placebo. Statistically significant results were obtained in favor of the study drugs over placebo for the pain relief afforded by the treatments (as graded by patients) and the visual analog pain relief score, which not only ranks but also indicates the degree of pain relief as a percentage of total relief (100%). Pairwise comparisons for the ranks found mefenamic acid significantly superior to placebo (P<.001) and ibuprofen marginally superior to placebo (P<.06), while the visual analog pain relief scale demonstrated mefenamic acid and ibuprofen superior to placebo (P<.001 and P<.01, respectively). For both the patient ranking of pain relief by treatment and the visual analog pain relief scale, the results showed no significant differences between ibuprofen and mefenamic acid. Side effects occurred in 11 ibuprofen cycles, five mefenamic acid cycles, and ten placebo cycles of the 48 cycles with each agent. These were generally of minor severity or importance and were not statistically different. The need for additional analgesics and the ability to pursue normal daily activity were not different for any treatment group. The findings of this study indicate no clinical difference between a propionic acid derivative such as ibuprofen and a fenamate such as mefenamic acid in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
Consumer Behavior and Tourism:: Review and Extension of Four Study Areas

Consumer behavior research constitutes a cornerstone of marketing strategy and practice, and an increasing number of tourist behavior studies have been published in the past few years. This paper examines the current literature related to four prevalent topical areas associated with consumber behavior in recreational and touristic contexts: Ego involvement, loyalty and commitment, family decision-making, and novelty seeking. The paper's primary focus is on conceptual and measurement issues, but implications of each of these areas to marketing practice are also considered.
Job‐to‐Job and Job‐to‐Nonemployment Turnover by Gender and Education Level

Using multinomial probit estimates of the probability of job‐to‐job and job‐to‐nonemployment turnover, I find that differences between women's and men's turnover are due to the behavior of less educated women. Both the job‐to‐job and job‐to‐nonemployment turnover of less educated women are significantly different from that of more educated women as well as both groups of men. I also find that distinguishing between types of turnover—job‐to‐job versus job‐to‐nonemployment—is quite important, particularly in understanding the turnover patterns of women.
The antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine enhances the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen in tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cells

Tamoxifen resistance is a major clinical problem in the treatment of estrogen receptor &agr;-positive breast tumors. It is, at present, unclear what exactly causes tamoxifen resistance. For decades, chlorpromazine has been used for treating psychotic diseases, such as schizophrenia. However, the compound is now also recognized as a multitargeting drug with diverse potential applications, for example, it has antiproliferative properties and it can reverse resistance toward antibiotics in bacteria. Furthermore, chlorpromazine can reverse multidrug resistance caused by overexpression of P-glycoprotein in cancer cells. In this study, we have investigated the effect of chlorpromazine on tamoxifen response of human breast cancer cells. We found that chlorpromazine worked synergistically together with tamoxifen with respect to reduction of cell growth and metabolic activity, both in the antiestrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and in a tamoxifen-resistant cell line, established from the MCF-7 cells. Tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant cells were killed equally well by combined treatment with chlorpromazine and tamoxifen. This synergistic effect could be prevented by addition of estrogen, suggesting that chlorpromazine enhances the effect of tamoxifen through an estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism. To investigate this putative mechanism, we applied biophysical techniques to simple model membranes in the form of unilamellar liposomes of well-defined composition and found that chlorpromazine interacts strongly with lipid bilayers of different composition leading to increased permeability. This implies that chlorpromazine can change influx properties of membranes hence suggesting that chlorpromazine may be a promising chemosensitizing compound for enhancing the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen.
Empirical Characteristics of Money in Nigeria

There is a marked tendency to treat outside money, inside money and quasi money alike as if they can be explained by the transactions money demand function in extant empirical studies of money demand in Nigeria. This paper examines the appropriateness or otherwise of applying the transactions demand framework across the aggregates available for Nigeria. The five aggregates that have been modeled in extant literature are currency outside banks (COB), demand deposits (DD), narrow money (M1=COB+DD), Quasi Money (QM), and Broad Money (M2), which is the sum of M1 and QM. A sixth aggregate that has not been modeled is the monetary base (MB). The objective is to classify the six aggregates into those that can rightfully be modeled within the transactions' demand framework and those that are more likely to be appropriately modeled within rival approaches such as the Granger-causality or the money multiplier frameworks. We found that while the relationship between inside money (demand deposits) and real activity in Nigeria can be captured by transactions' demand function, outside money aggregates like currency outside bank (COB) and monetary base (MB) are not determined by real activity and interest rates in Nigeria. The significant differences in the relations of outside and inside money aggregates to real activity in Nigeria is that inside money is endogenous to changes in real activity and interest rates, while outside money is not. While the two components of narrow money are related to real economic activity in qualitatively and quantitatively different ways, demand deposits seem to dominate currency outside banks once both are added to define M1. Quasi-money could not be explained by a transactions demand function. Broad money (M2) could similarly not be explained by a transactions demand function.
Clinical Application of Biomarkers in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Review

Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly prevalent and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. HFpEF has a complex pathophysiology, with recent evidence suggesting that an interaction of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities (e.g. obesity, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease) induces an inflammatory state that eventually leads to myocardial structural and functional alterations. Current ACCF/AHA guidelines suggest incorporation of biomarkers along with clinical and imaging tools to establish the diagnosis and disease severity in heart failure (HF). However, the majority of data on biomarkers relating to their levels, or their role in accurate diagnosis, prognostication, and disease activity, has been derived from studies in undifferentiated HF or HF with a reduced EF (HFrEF). As the understanding of the mechanisms underlying HFpEF continues to evolve, biomarkers reflecting different pathways including neurohormonal activation, myocardial injury, inflammation, and fibrosis have a clinical utility beyond the diagnostic scope. Accordingly, in this review article we describe the various established and novel plasma biomarkers and their emerging value in diagnosis, prognosis, response, and guiding of targeted therapy in patients with HFpEF.
The Peconic River: Concerns associated with different risk evaluations for fish consumption

Abstract Risk evaluation and assessment have been used as tools to regulate and manage the risks to consumers of eating self-caught fish that have high levels of contaminants. Armed with these risk assessments, health agencies issue consumption advisories, and in some cases, close some waters to fishing. Recently, regulatory agencies have used contaminant levels in fish as a benchmark for remedial action on contaminated sites, using human health risk assessment as the justification. The US Environmental Protection Agency's new surface water criterion for mercury is based on mercury levels in fish tissue. When multiple regulatory agencies have jurisdiction over the same waters or remediation site there is the potential for differing risk evaluations. Using the Peconic River on Long Island, New York as a case study, the paper examines how and why county, state, and federal health risk evaluations for fish contaminated with mercury differed. While the same risk methodology was applied by all agencies, the assessments were conducted for different purposes, applied different consumption and fish biomass assumptions, and arrived at different conclusions. The risk evaluations invoked to design fish consumption advisories use mercury levels currently in fish, and are designed to prevent current exposure. However, the risk assessments that provide a basis for remediation consider many different pathways of exposure (not just ingestion), and deal with long-term exposure. The risk evaluations, and recommendations promulgated by those agencies, differ because they have different goals, use different assumptions, and often fail to communicate among agencies. It is suggested that it is valuable to have these different levels of risk evaluations to adequately address health issues. However, there are policy implications, which include making the distinctions between the types of risk assessments, their methods and assumptions, and the rationale for these assumptions. Further, assessors and managers should involve all interested stakeholders (including regulators and state health officials) in discussions about the use of risk, the assumptions of risk assessment, and the goals of those evaluations. The difficulties in the case of the Peconic were not due to differences in the original data, but rather in the goals and type of risk assessments performed. If all deliberations had been transparent during all phases of the decision-making and management process, the conflicts within the minds of the public, regulators and other agencies might have been avoided. This case study suggests that more reliability, circumspection and transparency should be built into the process where multiple agencies and multiple objectives are involved.
The pecking order hypothesis: does it apply to start‐up firms?

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to explore whether the “pecking order hypothesis” (POH) applies to the capital finance preferences of start‐up businesses.Design/methodology/approach – In‐depth interviews with 20 Scotland‐based entrepreneurs were conducted in order to reveal the subtleties of the capital finance preferences which applied to a sample of start‐up firms. To ensure reliability and validity, data was analysed using a systematic schema.Findings – Consistent with the POH we found that entrepreneurs in start‐ups turn to internal sources first, that is, their own funds. In contradiction to the POH, however, evidence in this paper finds that where external funds are required, the main source is equity rather than debt. In the majority of cases, in depth interviews show that a bridged pecking order applies in that the businesses move from self‐funding to external equity in preference to, or instead of bank finance. Two reasons for this pattern can be established. First, entrepreneurs consid.