Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Re-working Work: Dependency and Choice in the Employment Relationship

ABSTRACT The Work Choices reform package was justified by the Coalition government as allowing greater ‘freedom’ and ‘choice’ for employees and employers. Such a narrative of employment is grounded in a particular neo-liberal view of the labour market that fails to recognise power in the employment relationship. An alternative narrative of employment relations is articulated in this article that draws on the notions of dependence and compulsion. Neo-liberalism has drawn an important sense of legitimacy from neoclassical economics. The neoclassical approach views work as an activity that is isolated from other social activities and roles played by workers. This isolation of work is important for sustaining the image of choice in the labour market.
The mental health of children orphaned by AIDS: a review of international and southern African research

This paper reviews research on the mental health and psychological outcomes of children who are orphaned by AIDS. Studies are limited, scattered and often unpublished. The review focuses on research which is quantitative and based on primary research with uninfected children who are parentally bereaved by AIDS. Due to the limited available quantitative research in this area, both controlled and uncontrolled studies are included. Selected qualitative and related literature is also reviewed, with a focus on work relevant to the southern African context. This paper builds upon and updates Wild's seminal review, published in this journal in 2001 (Wild 2001). We found 24 studies worldwide, with wide variations in sample characteristics, outcome measurements and control groups. Three of these studies are ongoing. Internalising problems in orphaned children were found in 16 studies (of the 19 studies which measured them) and externalising problems were found in five studies (of 10 which measured them). There is a clear need for further, and rigorous, research into mental health, and risk and protective factors for children orphaned by AIDS. Furthermore, it is critical that research adopts a more coordinated approach, which allows for meaningful comparisons of child outcomes in different areas.
A Review of Researches on Sleepiness at Workplace

Sleepiness at workplace, the biological drive to sleep, has a highly negative impact on employees' working behavior in organizations. Recently, this phenomenon has attached more and more attention in the management filed; and it has attracted much attention of researchers from other fields, such as management and psychology. By reviewing and analyzing the previous studies, this paper clarifies the concepts of sleepiness in the workplace, and then delineates the causes and effects of sleepiness in the workplace. Through the organizational understanding of the relevant causes of sleepiness, some intervention measures which can mitigate companies’ sleepiness situation will be put forward. Finally, the paper has an outlook about the future researches of sleepiness at workplace.
Protein conformational changes revealed by optical spectroscopic reflectometry in porous silicon multilayers

The protein–ligand molecular interactions imply strong geometrical and structural rearrangements of the biological complex which are normally detected by high sensitivity optical techniques such as time-resolved fluorescence microscopy. In this work, we have measured, by optical spectroscopic reflectometry in the visible–near-infrared region, the interaction between a sugar binding protein (SBP), covalently bound on the surface of a porous silicon (PSi) microcavity, and glucose, at different concentrations and temperatures. Variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometric (VASE) characterization of protein-functionalized PSi layers confirms that the protein–ligand system has an overall volume smaller than the SBP alone.
Design of a CMOS image sensor with pixel-level ADC in 0.35 /spl mu/m process

A CMOS image sensor with pixel-level ADC is presented. It has been designed in a 0.35 /spl mu/m single-poly, 4 metal, n-well standard digital CMOS process. Such an image sensor can achieve low power consumption due to its parallel performance and very low speed. In this paper, we try to improve the performance of the ADCs used. A CMOS image sensor with 318/spl times/258 pixels has been designed so that each 30 pixel block shares an ADC. The ADC has 10 bit resolution and 58 dB SNR. The power consumption for 8 and 10-bit resolution for the sensor array are 19.5 mW and 28.3 mW, respectively, at 30 frames/s. By using this novel method, the fill factor value increases by up to 25%. Die area of the chip without a pad is 2.8 1/spl times/3.56 mm/sup 2/.
Performance of Immunologic Responses in Predicting Viral Load Suppression: Implications for Monitoring Patients in Resource-Limited Settings

Background:World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings state that CD4 cell counts may be used to indicate when ART regimens should be changed because of treatment failure. The performance of immunologic monitoring for this purpose has not been evaluated, however. Methods:Participants aged ≥18 years from the British Columbia HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program who had CD4 cell counts ≤200 cells/μL or an AIDS diagnosis at baseline had CD4 cell counts measured at 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for immunologic responses in terms of predicting failure to achieve 2 viral load measurements <500 copies/mL within 1 year. Results:Viral load suppression occurred in 674 (60%) of 1125 subjects. Using no increase in CD4 cell counts at 6 months as a definition of treatment failure had a sensitivity of 34%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 75%, and negative predictive value of 71% for predicting failure to achieve virologic suppression. Using 12-month CD4 cell count values, the measurements were 35%, 95%, 79%, and 73%, respectively. Conclusion:Immunologic criteria to predict which patients have not achieved virologic suppression results in significant misclassification of therapeutic responses.
Hurdle Rate: Executive Stock Options

Executive stock options with a rising strike price are a recent innovation in executive compensation in Australia and New Zealand. These options combine a dividend protection feature and a strike price that increases at a hurdle rate set with reference to a cost of capital estimate. With a constant dividend yield, the strike price becomes a path-dependent function of the stock price and exact analytic valuation becomes intractable. However, path-dependent American options can be valued using a Monte Carlo approach proposed in Longstaff and Schwartz (2001). We examine procedures for valuing these options and compare them with Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1973) formula valuations.
Terms-of-Trade and Trade Balance: Some Empirical Evidence of Asian Economies

This study examines the impact of terms-of-trade and oil price on trade balance in Asian economies. Generally, the results of the normalized cointegrating vectors show that the impact of terms-of-trade on trade balance is different across economies. An increase in oil price or permanent oil price will lead to a decrease in terms-of-trade while the impact of an increase in temporary oil price on terms-of-trade is ambiguous. Generally, terms-of-trade, domestic demand, foreign demand, and oil price (permanent oil price, temporary oil price) are important in the determination of trade balance in the short run and long run.
Corporate governance and stock returns in Asia

Despite years of study, the impact of firm-level governance on stock returns is not clear, especially in non-U.S. markets. We investigate the returns of governance-based trading strategies in Asia, using bias-free return data and CLSA governance ratings. We argue that poor governance should be associated with higher market risk. We find that a portfolio of poorly governed firms has a higher market beta, higher expected return and higher realized return, compared with a good governance portfolio. In contrast to some earlier studies, we find no abnormal returns after adjusting for risk and country effects. Only investors who can predict in advance which firms will improve their governance can earn abnormal returns.
Expression and regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by sera from severely burned patients

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the expression and regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by sera from severely burned patients. DesignControlled laboratory study. SettingsResearch laboratory in a university hospital. SubjectsHUVECs. InterventionsHUVECs were incubated with serum from eight healthy controls and eight patients with thermal injuries of >50% total body surface area. The experiment was repeated after pretreatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an inhibitory effect on nuclear factor-&kgr;B activation, SB203580, a specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, and PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor. Measurements and Main ResultsProtein and messenger RNA expression of VCAM-1 was measured by flow cytometry and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction respectively. Soluble VCAM-1 level in HUVECs culture supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera from severely burned patients showed a stimulatory effect on VCAM-1 messenger RNA levels and an increased VCAM-1 expression on the endothelial cell surfaces. The soluble form of VCAM-1 molecules was also elevated by the stimulation of burn sera. In vitro peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes adherence to HUVECs incubated with burn sera was significantly increased compared with those incubated with control sera. Finally, these events were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with antioxidants pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or SB203580, whereas PD98059 had no significant effect. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that sera from severely burned patients induced up-regulation of VCAM-1 expressions in HUVECs, and this process might be largely dependent on oxidant-mediated nuclear factor-&kgr;B activation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Disclosure Of Audit Committees by Public Companies in Australia 1988–1990

The existence of audit committees in public companies can improve the quality of the financial reporting process, aid the actual and perceived independence of both the internal and external auditors, and improve financial statement users' confidence in the quality of the information. These benefits will be enhanced by disclosure of audit committees in the financial statements. This study examined the incidence and form of the disclosure of audit committees in annual reports by major Australian public companies over the period 1988–1990. The results showed that disclosures by larger companies increased during this time. Rates of disclosure varied considerably depending on the auditor and was positively associated with the size of the organisation. Companies with audit committees are encouraged to consider enhanced methods of disclosure such as those outlined in AUP 31 Communication with an Audit Committee.
Efforts To Promote Tourism As A Catalyst For Urban Redevelopment In Florida: Insights From The Anthropology Of Tourism And An Annotated Bibliography.

viii CHAPTER ONE – WHY STUDY URBAN TOURISM 1 Internship and Research Methodology 9 CHAPTER TWO – WHY STUDY TOURISM 13 Tourism and the Social Sciences 13 Introducing the Anthropology of Tourism 16 The Anthropology of Tourism 17 Hosts and Guests within Urban Space 26 CHAPTER THREE – WHY STUDY URBAN TOURISM 30 A Post Modern City 33 What Pushes This Development? 37 CHAPTER FOUR – A QUANTITATIVE LOOK AT FLORIDA TOURISM 41 CHAPTER FIVE – EMPLOYMENT WITHIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY 50 Employment Trends: Miami & Miami PMSA 55 Employment Trends: Tampa & Tampa’s MSA 62 CHAPTER SIX – GOVERNMENTS PLACE IN URBAN REDEVELOPMENT 66 State Programs 68 CHAPTER SEVEN – WHAT DO CITIES BUILD & WHY? 74 Sports Facility Development 78 Urban Waterfront Redevelopment & The Cruise Industry 84 ii CHAPTER EIGHT – TAMPA, FLORIDA 90 A Laundry List of Development 90 Downtown “The Central Business District” 92 The Use of Public / Private Partnerships 97 Sports Facilities in Tampa 99 Building Tampa: Hardin Industries 101 The Channel District 102 Ybor City: Tampa’s National Historic District 103 Recreating Historic Connectors 105 A Quantitative Look at Tampa’s Tourism Market 108 Future Employment Growth 109 Conclusions 111 CHAPTER NINE CONCLUSIONS 114
A Stable International Monetary System Emerges: Bretton Woods, Reversed

A stable international monetary system has emerged since the early 1990s. A large number of industrial and a growing number of developing countries now have domestic inflation targets administered by independent and transparent central banks. These countries place few restrictions on capital mobility and allow their exchange rates to float. The domestic focus of monetary policy in these countries does not have any obvious international cost. Inflation targeters have lower exchange rate volatility and less frequent “sudden stops” of capital flows than similar countries that do not target inflation. Inflation targeting countries also do not have current accounts or international reserves that look different from other countries. This system was not planned and does not rely on international coordination. There is no role for a center country, the IMF, or gold. It is durable; in contrast to other monetary regimes, no country has yet abandoned an inflation-targeting regime in crisis. Succinctly, it is the diametric opposite of the post-war system; Bretton Woods, reversed.
Down-regulation of Active ACK1 Is Mediated by Association with the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4-2*

ACK1 (activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase implicated in trafficking through binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and clathrin. Here, we have identified a new ACK1-binding partner, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, which binds ACK1 via a conserved PPXY-containing region. We show that this motif also binds Nedd4-related proteins and several other WW domain-containing proteins, including the tumor suppressor oxidoreductase Wwox. In HeLa cells ACK1 colocalizes with Nedd4-2 in clathrin-rich vesicles, requiring this PPXY motif. Nedd4-2 strongly down-regulates ACK1 levels when coexpressed, and this process can be blocked by proteasome inhibitor MG132. ACK1 degradation via Nedd4 requires their mutual interaction and a functional E3 ligase; it is also driven by ACK1 activity. ACK1 is polyubiquitinated in vivo, and dominant inhibitory Nedd4 blocks endogenous ACK1 turnover in response to acute EGF treatment. Because EGF stimulation activates ACK1 ( Galisteo, M., Y., Y., Urena, J., and Schlessinger, J. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103, 9796-9801 ), our result suggest that EGF receptor-mediated ACK1 activation allows Nedd4-2 to drive kinase degradation. Thus the interplay between Nedd4-2-related E3 ligases that regulate ACK1 levels and Cbl that modifies EGF receptor impinges on cell receptor dynamics. These processes are particularly pertinent given the report of genomic amplification of the ACK1 locus in metastatic tumors.
Comparison of propensity for carbon disclosure between developing and developed countries: A resource constraint perspective

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in voluntary carbon disclosure between developing and developed countries and the role of resource availability in explaining these differences. Design/methodology/approach - The authors used a sample consisting of 2,045 large firms from 15 countries and representing divergent industries that released Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) company reports in 2009. Profitability, leverage and growth were used as proxies for the degree of resource availability and the firm's participation in the CDP was used as a proxy for carbon disclosure propensity. Findings - Consistent with the authors' predictions, the empirical results show that the carbon disclosure propensity is correlated in the right direction with resource availability proxies; this relationship is stronger in developing nations, suggesting that the shortage of resources is one reason for the lack of commitment to carbon mitigation and disclosure in these countries. The results are robust when disclosure motivation proxies are controlled for. In addition, it is shown that firms tend to disclose carbon information if their shares are owned by CDP signatories, because it allows them to be viewed as more powerful stakeholders. This finding, which enhances the validity of stakeholder theory, previously has not been documented in the literature. Research limitations/implications - The findings are relevant to the world's largest organisations, as determined by their market capitalisation. Thus, caution should be exercised to generalise the paper's inferences to small or medium-sized organisations. Practical implications - The evidence suggests that resource shortages may constrain a firm management's carbon decisions. As the regulatory environment becomes more stringent, firms, particularly those in developing countries need to take a more proactive strategy to tackle global warming challenges and balance the need to achieve financial goals and prevent carbon pollution with their limited resources. Originality/value - Although prior studies typically considered external pressures that motivated voluntary environmental disclosure, the paper's results offer extra insight and suggest that resource restriction provides a complementary explanation – largely ignored in the existing literature – for variation in the carbon-disclosure propensity of firms.
Play-hysteresis in supply as part of a market model

Consequences of path-dependent supply side on the market equilibrium are illustrated. Supply is only a subsystem of the entire market with its forcing variable (price) being endogenous from the perspective of the entire market. This results in feedbacks on the equilibrium of price and quantity if transient exogenous disturbances occur. Aggregate hysteresis is modelled by continuous dynamics showing similarities to 'mechanical play'. This contrast the standard firm level modelling of hysteresis resulting from discontinuous (activity/inactivity) switches. Play dynamics are captured in a simple linearized way, just by adding two parameters to a supply equation.
Dual analysis for recommending developers to resolve bugs

Bug resolution refers to the activity that developers perform to diagnose, fix, test, and document bugs during software development and maintenance. Given a bug report, we would like to recommend the set of bug resolvers that could potentially contribute their knowledge to fix it. We refer to this problem as developer recommendation for bug resolution. In this paper, we propose a new and accurate method named DevRec for the developer recommendation problem. DevRec is a composite method that performs two kinds of analysis: bug reports based analysis (BR‐Based analysis) and developer based analysis (D‐Based analysis). We evaluate our solution on five large bug report datasets including GNU Compiler Collection, OpenOffice, Mozilla, Netbeans, and Eclipse containing a total of 107,875 bug reports. We show that DevRec could achieve recall@5 and recall@10 scores of 0.4826–0.7989, and 0.6063–0.8924, respectively. The results show that DevRec on average improves recall@5 and recall@10 scores of Bugzie by 57.55% and 39.39%, outperforms DREX by 165.38% and 89.36%, and outperforms NonTraining by 212.39% and 168.01%, respectively. Moreover, we evaluate the stableness of DevRec with different parameters, and the results show that the performance of DevRec is stable for a wide range of parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financing social enterprise: social bricolage or evolutionary entrepreneurialism?

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the extent to which urban social enterprises (SEs) have diversified their funding sources and shifted towards loans and development finance in recent years. The paper seeks to consider the underlying reasons for a limited demand for loans by comparing two theoretical perspectives on SE development. The concept of “social bricolage” implies SEs do not seek conventional business loans or equity finance, because they survive in resource poor environments by improvising and re‐using redundant capital. A second evolutionary approach implies that SE financing will be dominated by a reliance on habits and practices learnt from the contexts in which social entrepreneurs have operated.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on analysis of interviews with 40 SEs in four English cities.Findings – The paper finds a limited degree of change and scant evidence of local decentralisation in social enterprises' financial contexts. It argues that both conceptual approaches offe.
Do Parties Make a Difference? Parties and the Size of Government in Liberal Democracies*

The paper attempts to determine whether parties of the left, when in government, spend more than parties of the right. It first reviews the theoretical literature and concludes that parties are likely to make a difference, but only a modest one. It then reviews previous empirical studies, which come out with conflicting results. It finally proposes a study that covers 15 liberal democracies over a period of 28 years, from 1960 to 1987, and combines longitudinal, cross-sectional, and pooled designs. The analysis shows that parties of the left do spend a little more than parties of the right. The difference, however, emerges only for majority governments whose party composition remains unchanged over a number of years, an indication that it takes time for parties to affect total spending. A quarter of a century ago, Dye (1966) concluded that policy variations in the United States ought to be attributed essentially to economic factors, political variables proving to be largely uninfluential. This was a most disturbing result for the political science discipline, whose relevance, it would seem, depends on the substantive importance of the phenomena it examines. Ten years later, Wilenski's (1975) study of the welfare state came to similar conclusions: the root cause of the level of welfare expenditure in a country is economic growth, and the mechanism that translates economic change into public policy is demographic rather than political. Enlightened political scientists knew it could not be so, and a counterattack was mounted. The case was made that politics matters, and refined analyses vindicated the revisionist view (Castles and McKinlay 1979; Castles 1982). This paper is about the most cherished of all political variables, the parties. Political scientists typically view parties as fulfilling an essential role in democracy (Epstein 1983). A strong party system is considered as a necessary condition for an adequate representation of interests and opinions (Birch 1971). Our objective is to determine whether it matters