Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the sensitivity of the LUCI model to GIS datasets to enable robust farm management decisions in New Zealand

Degradation of water quality is a major issue in New Zealand, to which the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment from agriculture into waterways contributes significantly. To predict and manage diffuse pollution from intensive agriculture it is vital that models are able to spatially map the sources, flows and sinks of nutrients in the landscape and spatially target mitigations. This study investigates the application of one such model, the Land Utilisation Capability Indicator (LUCI). Used in conjunction with OVERSEER, LUCI is a powerful tool to support farm scale land management decision-making. LUCI includes soil, topography and landcover datasets in its analysis. This thesis examines how the quality and resolution of each dataset affects LUCI’s output. Six different case studies are examined, across a range of New Zealand farming systems. This is the most comprehensive study, to date, of LUCI’s sensitivity to input datasets. The results suggest that LUCI nutrient loading estimates are primarily sensitive to soil order, and therefore to changes in order classifications. Utilising different soil datasets in the LUCI model resulted in varying nutrient load predictions. This sensitivity is primarily attributed to the differing hydraulic and phosphorus retention capabilities of the respective soil orders. To test the sensitivity of LUCI to digital elevation model (DEM) resolution, multiple DEMs with varying spatial and vertical resolution were tested. These results strongly indicate that particularly fine resolution DEMs are required to accurately model flat landscapes. It was recognised that LUCI was not using all of the relevant data available in Landcare Research’s S-Map database. LUCI was modified to use more of this information, and alternative methods of incorporating sibling level data in both LUCI and OVERSEER were investigated. Finally, avenues for future development are suggested. Overall, this thesis highlights the potential LUCI has to play a key role in farm scale environmental management.
Pain sensitivity as a state marker and predictor for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury.

BACKGROUND The pain analgesia hypothesis suggests that reduced pain sensitivity (PS) is a specific risk factor for the engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Consistent with this, several studies found reduced PS in adults as well as adolescents with NSSI. Cross-sectional studies in adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) suggest that PS may (partially) normalize after remission or reduction of BPD symptoms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the development of PS over 1 year in a sample of adolescents with NSSI and to investigate whether PS at baseline predicts longitudinal change in NSSI. METHODS N = 66 adolescents who underwent specialized treatment for NSSI disorder participated in baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments, including heat pain stimulation for the measurement of pain threshold and tolerance. Associations between PS and NSSI as well as BPD and depressive symptoms were examined using negative binomial, logistic, and linear regression analyses. RESULTS We found that a decrease in pain threshold over time was associated with reduced NSSI (incident rate ratio = 2.04, p = 0.047) and that higher pain tolerance at baseline predicted lower probability for NSSI (odds ratio = 0.42, p = 0.016) 1 year later. However, the latter effect did not survive Holm correction (p = 0.059). No associations between PS and BPD or depressive symptoms were observed. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that pain threshold might normalize with a decrease in NSSI frequency and could thus serve as a state marker for NSSI.
Process of Maritime Delimitation and Handling of the Island Issue : With Special Reference to Case concerning Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea

Composed as above, Having regard to Article 48 of the Statute of the Court and to Articles 31, 44, 45, paragraph 2, 48 and 49 of the Rules of Court, Having regard to the Order of 19 November 2004, by which the Court fixed 19 August 2005 and 19 May 2006 as the time-limits for the filing, respectively, of the Memorial of Romania and the Counter-Memorial of Ukraine, Having regard to the Memorial and the Counter-Memorial duly filed by the Parties within those time-limits ; Whereas, at a meeting held by the President of the Court with the representatives of the Parties on 28 June 2006, the Parties agreed to request the Court to authorize the filing of a Reply by the Applicant and a Rejoinder by the Respondent ; and whereas Romania proposed that each of the Parties should be allowed a maximum period of five months for 110
Cereal rye cover crop effects on soil physical and chemical properties in southeastern Indiana

Rorick, Joseph D. M.S., Purdue University, December 2016. Cereal Rye Cover Crop Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Southeastern Indiana Major Professor: Eileen J. Kladivko. Cover crops are growing in popularity in the Midwest, although questions remain about how to include them most effectively in a corn-soybean (Zea mays L. Glycine max L.) rotation. This study was conducted to determine the effects of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) on soil bulk density and water retention, soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen, and water stable aggregate mean weight diameter after four years of cover crop growth and the effects on soil moisture over a five year period. The study was conducted at the Southeast Purdue Agricultural Center (SEPAC) on silt loam soils. A 14 hectare field was laid out in a split plot design with four blocks of four treatments in each block for a total of sixteen plots. Treatments were corn with cereal rye, corn with no cover, soybean with cereal rye, and soybean with no cover, all four treatments every year, with the corn and soybeans alternating yearly. The field site was established in the spring of 2011 and baseline samples were taken in the summer of that year before the first establishment of the cover crop in fall 2011. Measurements were taken at 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm depth intervals in 2011 and 2015 for bulk density, water retention, soil organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, and aggregate stability. Soil moisture and temperature were measured at five minute intervals from 2011-2016 at 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 cm depths.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Topographical Maps of Three-Dimensional Choroidal Vascularity Index in Children With Different Degrees of Myopia

Purpose To investigate topographical maps of the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index (3D-CVI) in children with different levels of myopia. Methods We enrolled 274 eyes from 143 children with various severity of myopia, including emmetropia (EM), low myopia (LM), and moderate–high myopia (MHM). The choroidal vessel volume (CVV), choroidal stroma volume (CSV), and 3D-CVI in different eccentricities (fovea, parafovea, and perifovea) and quadrants (nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior) were obtained from swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) volume scans. All choroidal parameters were compared among groups, and the associated factors contributing to different 3D-CVIs were analyzed. Results Compared to the less myopic group, the more myopic group showed a significant decrease in CVV and CSV (MHM < LM < EM) and a significant increase in the 3D-CVI (MHM > LM > EM) in most areas (all P < 0.05). The nasal quadrant had the greatest 3D-CVI and lowest CSV and CVV, and vice versa in the temporal quadrant. The 3D-CVIs of the EM and LM groups gradually increased from the fovea to the perifovea, whereas the 3D-CVI of the MHM group first decreased and then increased. Regression analysis showed that axial length was an independent risk factor affecting foveal and parafoveal 3D-CVIs. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed that the 3D-CVI increased with spherical equivalent (SE) when the SE was less than threshold and decreased when the SE was greater than threshold (SE thresholds for foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal 3D-CVIs were −5.25 D, −5.125 D, and −2.00 D, respectively; all P < 0.05). Conclusions Children with myopia exhibited decreased CSV and CVV, increased 3D-CVIs, and altered 3D-CVI eccentricity characteristics (from the fovea to the perifovea). The quadratic relationship between the 3D-CVI and SE should be explored in longitudinal investigations.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of atropine oral gel formulation in healthy volunteers

Abstract Sialorrhea or drooling is a common problem in children and adults with neurodevelopmental disorders. It can negatively impact the quality of life due to its physical and psychological manifestations. Providers commonly prescribe atropine eye drops for topical administration to the oral mucosa, as an off‐label treatment to manage sialorrhea. However, the off‐label use of atropine eye drops can be associated with medication and dosing errors and systemic side effects. To address these limitations of treatment, we developed a mucoadhesive topical oral gel formulation of atropine as an alternative route to off‐label administration of atropine eye drops. In this clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) study, we evaluated the safety and PK of atropine gel (0.01% w/w) formulation after single‐dose administration to the oral mucosa in 10 healthy volunteers. The PK data showed that after topical administration to the oral mucosa, atropine followed a two‐compartment PK profile. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve extrapolated to infinite time were 0.14 ng/mL and 0.74 h·ng·mL−1, respectively. The absorption rate constant calculated by the compartmental analysis was 0.4 h−1. Safety parameters, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, did not significantly change before and after administration of the gel formulation, and no adverse events were observed in all participants who received atropine gel. These data indicate that atropine gel formulation has a satisfactory PK profile, is well‐tolerated at the dose studied, and can be further considered for clinical development as a drug product to treat sialorrhea.
The Effectiveness of Cyanoacrylates versus Sutures for Mesh Fixation after Lichtenstein Repair (SCyMeLi STUDY) A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyze of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP) is still the most frequent complication after open Lichtenstein repair and any strategy to reduce its incidence and implications is a step forward to better outcomes. Between the means of mesh fixation atraumatic glue fixation has been explored as such possibility. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the performance of cyanoacrylate glue versus sutures fixation was conducted. Methods: the meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2000 and December 2021 were searched for in MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholars. The quality of RCTs and the potential risk of bias were assessed using MINORS criteria and the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: of 269 papers the meta-analysis was performed on 19 RCTs including 3578 patients. In the glue fixation group, the operation was shorter (mean pooled difference 6 minutes; SE = 0.47; 95% CI = - 6.77 - - 4.92; t test = -12.36; p 0.0001) and immediate postoperative pain was lower (2.37% vs 13.3%OR - 0.158; 95% CI = 0.064 0.386; p = 0.0001). There was no difference in terms of chronic pain, recurrence rate and wound events. Conclusion: glue fixation of mesh in elective Lichtenstein repair of inguinal hernia seems to be a valid choice for a painful and safe procedure without increasing risk of recurrence.
Resveratrol Attenuates Rheumatoid Arthritis Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via TLR-4 Mediated Inflammation in C57BL/6 Mice.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether RSV inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that induce joint hyperalgesia in C57BL/6 mice after adjuvant-induced arthritis. A subplantar injection of Freund's complete adjuvant was administered to C57BL/6 mice on day 0 for immunization in the AIA model. Resveratrol (RSV, 25 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once daily starting on day 22 and continuing for two weeks. The effects of mechanical hyperalgesia and edema formation have been assessed in addition to histopathological scoring. Mice were sacrificed on day 35 to determine cytokine levels and PADI4 and COX-2 expression levels. ELISA was used to quantify neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) along with neutrophil elastase-DNA and myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes in neutrophils. An immunohistochemical stain was performed on knee joints to determine the presence of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-kappaB p65). AIA mice were found to have higher levels of NET in joints and their joint cells demonstrated an increased expression of the PADI4 gene. Treatment with RSV in AIA mice (25 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P<0.05) inhibited joint hyperalgesia, resulting in a significant increase in mechanical threshold, a decrease in articular edema, a decrease in the production of inflammatory cytokines, increased COX-2 expression, and a decrease in the immunostaining of NF-kappaB. Furthermore, treatment with RSV significantly reduced the amount of neutrophil elastase (NE)-DNA and MPO-DNA complexes, which were used as indicators of NET formation (P<0.05). This study indicates that RSV reduces NET production and hyperalgesia by reducing inflammation mediated by PADI4 and COX-2. According to these data, NETs contribute to joint pain and resveratrol can be used to treat pain in RA through this pathway.
Generation and Propagation of M
 2
 Internal Tides Modulated by the Kuroshio Northeast of Taiwan

The variability and energetics of M-2 internal tides during their generation and propagation through the Kuroshio flows northeast of Taiwan are investigated using a high-resolution numerical model. The corrugated continental slopes, particularly the I-Lan Ridge and Mien-Hua Canyon, are first identified as the energetic sources of M-2 internal tides. The domain-integrated M-2 barotropic-to-baroclinic conversion rate under the Kuroshio influence is similar to 2.35GW, similar to 0.9GW of which is generated at the I-Lan Ridge, similar to 0.93GW at the Mien-Hua Canyon, and similar to 0.52GW at the north shelf. The M-2 internal tide generation is influenced by the horizontally varying, zonally tilting stratification associated with the Kuroshio. In this situation, the conversion rate decreases by similar to 30% at the I-Lan Ridge but increases to within similar to 10% at the Mien-Hua Canyon and north shelf, in comparison to the simulation initiated with horizontal homogeneous stratification. Internal tides from multiple sources interfere to form a three-dimensional baroclinic field. The interference by the internal tides from the Mien-Hua Canyon and north shelf is refracted by the Kuroshio and exhibits a mesoscale gyre pattern, which can explain the frequent occurrence of internal solitary waves. An energetic along-slope tidal beam (TBKC) from the I-Lan Ridge radiates southward against the northward Kuroshio flows, causing strong vertical displacement, which favorably compares with recently reported field measurements. The M-2 internal tide energy dissipates primarily near the source sites, and the remaining energy radiates outward over limited distances. Complex topographic features and background currents enhance the internal tide dissipation, which induces strong, inhomogeneous diapycnal mixing.
Manejo da adubação fosfatada para cana-de-açúcar no Cerrado

Neste texto apresentamos compilacoes de resultados experimentais sobre respostas da cana a adubacao fosfatada, mostramos que a combinacao das diferentes formas e momentos de aplicacao dos fertilizantes e a melhor estrategia de manejo desta adubacao, e propomos recomendacoes de adubacao fosfatada para a cultura no Cerrado.
Autobahnen als Wuchsorte und Ausbreitungswege von Ruderal- und Adventivpflanzen / von Dietmar Brandes

The ruderal vegetation is characterised by dynamic changes in relation to habitats and species combinations. Whereas classic habitats are reduced, corridors like river banks and traffic facilities are becoming more and more important. Numerous by-chance-observations support the impression that motorways are playing a big role as habitat as well as conduit for ruderal plants and alien species, however intensive investigations are missing. Therefore the ruderal vegetation of 8 exemplary parts of motorways in Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Saxony and Bavaria with a length of 775 km was investigated. 145 ruderal and adventive plants have been identified clearly by mapping from the moving car. There was no correlation between the number of species and the length of the section of the motorway. Motorways in subcontinental rural landscapes show a relative high number of species on a relative short distance where as parts in lower mountains show fewer species. Therophytes and biennials are able to establish in the gaps of the vegetation. In a whole 73 therophytes and 43 biennials have been registered on the borders of German motorways. Very large populations of ruderal plants can establish at the sites of road works. The spreading of foreign plants along the motorways is demonstrated for selected species, mechanism and reasons for the migration are discussed. The German motor ways are habitat for ruderal plants which cannot be ignored. The spreading of some foreign plants along the motorways happens very quickly whereas the diffusion into the bordering landscape shows great delay.
Defining Vision and Mission of a Medical Psychiatry Unit (MPU) for Older Adults: A Focus Group Study

This study aims to determine the vision and mission of an academic hospital’s medical psychiatry unit (MPU) that exclusively treats geriatric patients. All healthcare providers working at an academic hospital’s geriatric MPU were invited to reflect on formulate the vision and mission of this ward. Twenty-two of them took part in the focus group interviews. The interviews focused on defining the MPU’s functioning, its objectives, how it will reach these objectives, and where the MPU aspires to go. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed according to the QUAGOL guide. The themes from the analysis emerged from these group discussions. The participants defined the MPU’s vision as to excel in integrated mental and physical geriatric inpatient healthcare, inspiring others to shed the stigma related to this vulnerable patient population. The mission that emerged from the focus group discussions is to provide patient-centered, integrated healthcare for older adults with combined mental and physical disorders. To achieve this, involving the patient’s network, interdisciplinarity, shared decision-making, clear communication between all stakeholders, and reintegration of patients into their communities emerged as important themes. This study provides a vision and mission of a geriatric MPU in an academic psychiatric hospital. Since there is no consensus in the literature about the characteristics of MPUs despite the international call for integrated care for older persons with combined mental and physical disorders, these vision and mission statements can feed the discussion on how to install excellent healthcare for this vulnerable patient population.
Integration of Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Explore Jixueteng - Yinyanghuo Herb Pair Alleviate Cisplatin-Induced Myelosuppression

Jixueteng, the vine of the bush Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. , is widely used to treat irregular menstruation and arthralgia. Yinyanghuo, the aboveground part of the plant Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. , has the function of warming the kidney to invigorate yang. This research aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the Jixueteng and Yinyanghuo herbal pair (JYHP) on cisplatin-induced myelosuppression in a mice model. Firstly, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) screened 15 effective compounds of JYHP decoction. Network pharmacology enriched 10 genes which may play a role by inhibiting the apoptosis of bone marrow (BM) cells. Then, a myelosuppression C57BL/6 mice model was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cis-Diaminodichloroplatinum (cisplatin, CDDP) and followed by the intragastric (i.g.) administration of JYHP decoction. The efficacy was evaluated by blood cell count, reticulocyte count, and histopathological analysis of bone marrow and spleen. Through the vivo experiments, we found the timing of JYHP administration affected the effect of drug administration, JYHP had a better therapeutical effect rather than a preventive effect. JYHP obviously recovered the hematopoietic function of bone marrow from the peripheral blood cell test and pathological staining. Flow cytometry data showed JYHP decreased the apoptosis rate of BM cells and the western blotting showed JYHP downregulated the cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 ratios through RAS/MEK/ERK pathway. In conclusion, JYHP alleviated CDDP-induced myelosuppression by inhibiting the apoptosis of BM cells through RAS/MEK/ERK pathway and the optimal timing of JYHP administration was after CDDP administration.
Mesoscale Reproducibility in Regional Ocean Modelling with a Three-Dimensional Stratification Estimate Based on Aviso-Argo Data

ABSTRACT For dynamically consistent, high-resolution, yet cost-effective regional oceanic downscaling modelling, an empirical three-dimensional (3D) density estimate based on publicly available datasets is utilized for the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) with simple data assimilation (i.e., TS nudging, where TS stands for temperature and salinity). We rely on a method built upon the two-layer model to reconstruct a mesoscale 3D temperature and salinity field, referred to as Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT)-TS, using near real-time altimeter-derived dynamic height along with Argo float profiling data. The TUMSAT-TS is first validated using in situ hydrographic data, then is implemented in the Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment (JCOPE2)-ROMS downscaling system for the Kuroshio region off Japan. We explore the usability of TUMSAT-TS by carrying out three comparative simulations with temperature and salinity nudging towards the (i) TUMSAT-TS and (ii) JCOPE2-TS fields, and (iii) without the nudging. Whereas the unassimilated case fails to properly account for the Kuroshio, both datasets individually are found to help reproduce the mesoscale variability of the Kuroshio, as well as its transient paths, volume transport, associated kinetic energy (KE) and eddy KE, and seasonally varying stratification.
A MULTI-AGENT SIMULATOR FOR TESTING AGENT MARKET STRATEGIES

We envision a future in which the global economy and the Internet will host a large number of interacting software agents. Most of them will be economically motivated, and will negotiate a variety of goods and services. It is therefore important to consider the economic incentives and behaviours of economic software agents, and to use all available means to anticipate their collective interactions. This paper addresses this concern by presenting a multi-agent market simulator designed for analysing market strategies based on a complete understanding of buyer and seller behaviours, preference models and pricing algorithms. The results of the negotiations between agents will be analysed by Data mining tools in order to extract rules that will give the agents feedback to improve their strategies.