Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Web-log Mining for Quantitative Temporal-Event Prediction

The web log data embed much of web users’ browsing behavior. From the web logs, one can discover patterns that predict the users’ future requests based on their current behavior. These web data are very complex due to their large size and sequential nature. In the past, researchers have proposed different methods to predict what pages will be visited next based on their present visit patterns. In this paper, we extend this work to discover patterns that can predict when these web page accesses will occur. Our method is based on a novel extension of association rule classification method. We extend the traditional association rules by including the temporal information explicitly in each rule, and reason about the confidence of each prediction in terms of its temporal region. We compare two different methods for temporal event prediction, demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods empirically on realistic web logs, and explore the tradeoff between prediction accuracy and data mining time for our models.
A definition of the intima of human arteries and of its atherosclerosis-prone regions. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association.

T his report is a concise review of current knowledge of the structure and function of the intima of the aorta and the major distribut-ing arteries. The main purpose of the review is to delineate normal arterial intima from atherosclerotic lesions and, in particular, to distinguish physiological adaptations from atherosclerotic increases in intimal thickness. To characterize normal intima, including the adaptive intimal thickenings, some of which represent locations in which atherosclerotic lesions are prone to develop, the structure, composition, and functions of the arterial intima in young people as well as in laboratory animals not subjected to known atherogenic stimuli are reviewed. This report on arterial intima is the first in a series of four. The second report will review and define initial, fatty streak, and intermediate types of atherosclerotic lesions, and the third report will review all types of advanced (i.e., potentially clinical and clinical) lesions. The overall objective is to define arterial intima and all types of atherosclerotic lesions, and then to postulate, in a fourth and final report, a valid and up-to-date pathobiological nomenclature and classification of atherosclerotic lesions.
A 1.2V Wide-Band SC Filters for Wireless Communication Receivers

This paper presents the design of a 1.2 V wide-band switched-capacitor (SC) filter for wireless communication receiver applications. The topology of this filter is the 5th-order elliptic low-pass filter. The highest clock frequency in the system is 50 MHz (effective sampling frequency is 100 MHz with double sampling scheme) while the four programmable cut-off frequencies are 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz and 10 MHz. For low-power systems powered by single-cell battery, the SC filter was elaborately designed to operate at 1.2 V power supply. The double-sampling, 5th-order elliptic SC filter meet the desired -40 dB stop-band attenuation specification. Simulation result show that the 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) is about 27dBm. The filter was fabricated in a 0.25mum 1P5M standard CMOS technology and measured frequency responses shows good agreement with the simulation ones. The current consumption is 34 mA from a 1.2 V power supply
Enhancing Grammar Assignment Perceptions by Increasing Assignment Demands

In the current experiment, 32 students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) in Grades 7 through 12 worked on 2 grammar assignments for 15 minutes each. Control assignments contained 15 target tasks (i.e., multisentence paragraphs) that students were required to rewrite and for which they had to provide appropriate punctuation. Experimental (i.e., interspersal) assignments contained 15 matched target tasks and 8 additional brief 1-sentence paragraphs interspersed following every 2nd target paragraph.After working on both assignments, students ranked assignments and then were allowed to choose a new assignment for homework.Although experimental assignments required students to complete more work, no significant differences were found for time and effort rankings and significantly more students chose the interspersal assignment for homework.In addition, discrete task completion rates were significantly higher on the interspersal assignment.
Mitochondrial-Driven Bicarbonate Transport Supports Photosynthesis in a Marine Microalga1

The CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) of the marine eustigmatophycean microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana consists of an active HCO3 −transport system and an internal carbonic anhydrase to facilitate accumulation and conversion of HCO3 − to CO2 for photosynthetic fixation. Aqueous inlet mass spectrometry revealed that a portion of the CO2 generated within the cells leaked to the medium, resulting in a significant rise in the extracellular CO2 concentration to a level above its chemical equilibrium that was diagnostic for active HCO3 − transport. The transient rise in extracellular CO2 occurred in the light and the dark and was resolved from concurrent respiratory CO2efflux using H13CO3 − stable isotope techniques. H13CO3 −pump-13CO2 leak activity of the CCM was unaffected by 10 μm3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, an inhibitor of chloroplast linear electron transport, although photosynthetic O2evolution was reduced by 90%. However, low concentrations of cyanide, azide, and rotenone along with anoxia significantly reduced or abolished 13CO2 efflux in the dark and light. These results indicate that H13CO3 − transport was supported by mitochondrial energy production in contrast to other algae and cyanobacteria in which it is supported by photosynthetic electron transport. This is the first report of a direct role for mitochondria in the energization and functioning of the CCM in a photosynthetic organism.
A clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: The population structures of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Naegleria, Plasmodium, Trichomonas, and Trypanosoma and their medical and taxonomical consequences

We propose a general theory of clonal reproduction for parasitic protozoa, which has important medical and biological consequences. Many parasitic protozoa have been assumed to reproduce sexually, because of diploidy and occasional sexuality in the laboratory. However, a population genetic analysis of extensive data on biochemical polymorphisms indicates that the two fundamental consequences of sexual reproduction (i.e., segregation and recombination) are apparently rare or absent in natural populations of the parasitic protozoa. Moreover, the clones recorded appear to be stable over large geographical areas and long periods of time. A clonal population structure demands that the medical attributes of clones be separately characterized; ubiquitous clones call for priority characterization. Uniparental reproduction renders unsatisfactory Linnean taxonomy; this needs to be supplemented by the "natural clone" as an additional taxonomic unit, which is best defined by means of genetic markers.
Is HIV becoming more virulent? Initial CD4 cell counts among HIV seroconverters during the course of the HIV epidemic: 1985-2007.

BACKGROUND Whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconverters have been presenting with progressively lower CD4 cell counts over the course of the HIV epidemic is controversial. Additional data on whether HIV might have become more virulent on a population level (measured by post-seroconversion CD4 cell counts) may provide important insights regarding HIV pathogenesis. METHODS To determine whether post-seroconversion CD4 cell counts have changed over time, we evaluated 2174 HIV seroconverters as part of a large cohort study during the period 1985-2007. Participants were documented antiretroviral-naive HIV seroconverters who had a CD4 cell count measured within 6 months after receiving a diagnosis of HIV infection. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess trends in initial CD4 cell counts. RESULTS The mean initial CD4 cell count decreased during the study period from 632 cells/mm(3) in 1985-1990 to 553 cells/mm(3) in 1991-1995, 493 cells/mm(3) in 1996-2001, and 514 cells/mm(3) in 2002-2007. During those periods, the percentages of seroconverters with an initial CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm(3) were 12%, 21%, 26%, and 25%, respectively. In the multiple linear model, the mean decrease in CD4 cell count from 1985-1990 was 65 cells/mm(3) in 1991-1995 (P < .001)), 107 cells/mm(3) in 1996-2001 (P < .001), and 102 cells/mm(3) in 2002-2007 (P < .001). Similar trends occurred with regard to CD4 cell percentage and total lymphocyte count. Similar decreases in initial CD4 cell counts were observed among African American and white persons during the epidemic. DISCUSSION A significant decrease in initial CD4 cell counts among HIV seroconverters in the United States has occurred during the HIV epidemic. These data provide an important clinical correlate to suggestions that HIV may have adapted to the host, resulting in a more virulent infection.
A commentary on Pedersen and Wright

Pedersen and Wright (2002) examined the hypothesis proposed by Burt (1999) that verb use in event descriptions can influence an individuals estimate of event duration. This paper examines some of the reasoning proposed in the Pedersen and Wright paper, the methods they use and their results. It is concluded that their experiments failed to provide adequate conditions for the hypothesis to be tested and that further research is required to determine how the selection of words to describe an event might influence estimated event duration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Structural Basis for the Recognition of Oxidized Phospholipids in Oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins by Class B Scavenger Receptors CD36 and SR-BI*

Specific oxidized phospholipids (oxPCCD36) accumulate in vivo at sites of oxidative stress and serve as high affinity ligands for scavenger receptors class B (CD36 and SR-BI). Recognition of oxPCCD36 by scavenger receptors plays a role in several pathophysiological processes. The structural basis for the recognition of oxPCCD36 by CD36 and SR-BI is poorly understood. A characteristic feature of oxPCCD36 is an sn-2 acyl group that incorporates a terminal γ-hydroxy (or oxo)-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl. In the present study, a series of model oxidized phospholipids were designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to serve as ligands for CD36 and SR-BI. We demonstrated that intact the sn-1 hydrophobic chain, the sn-3 hydrophilic phosphocholine or phosphatidic acid group, and the polar sn-2 tail are absolutely essential for high affinity binding. We further found that a terminal negatively charged carboxylate at the sn-2 position suffices to generate high binding affinity to class B scavenger receptors. In addition, factors such as polarity, rigidity, optimal chain length of sn-2, and sn-3 positions and negative charge at the sn-3 position of phospholipids further modulate the binding affinity. We conclude that all three positions of oxidized phospholipids are essential for the effective recognition by scavenger receptors class B. Furthermore, the structure of residues in these positions controls the affinity of the binding. The present studies suggest that, in addition to oxPCCD36, other oxidized phospholipids observed in vivo may represent novel ligands for scavenger receptors class B.
The science on front-of-package food labels

Abstract Objective The US Food and Drug Administration and Institute of Medicine are currently investigating front-of-package (FOP) food labelling systems to provide science-based guidance to the food industry. The present paper reviews the literature on FOP labelling and supermarket shelf-labelling systems published or under review by February 2011 to inform current investigations and identify areas of future research. Design A structured search was undertaken of research studies on consumer use, understanding of, preference for, perception of and behaviours relating to FOP/shelf labelling published between January 2004 and February 2011. Results Twenty-eight studies from a structured search met inclusion criteria. Reviewed studies examined consumer preferences, understanding and use of different labelling systems as well as label impact on purchasing patterns and industry product reformulation. Conclusions The findings indicate that the Multiple Traffic Light system has most consistently helped consumers identify healthier products; however, additional research on different labelling systems’ abilities to influence consumer behaviour is needed.
Cascade processing for speeding up sliding window sparse classification

Sparse representations have been found to provide high classification accuracy in many fields. Their drawback is the high computational load. In this work, we propose a novel cascaded classifier structure to speed up the decision process while utilizing sparse signal representation. In particular, we apply the cascaded decision process for noise robust automatic speech recognition task. The cascaded decision process is implemented using a feedforward neural network (NN) and time sparse versions of a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) based sparse classification method of [1]. The recognition accuracy of our cascade is among the three best in the recent CHiME2013 benchmark and obtains six times faster the accuracy of NMF alone as in [1].
Cardiac and behavioral evidence for emotional influences on attention in 7-month-old infants

To examine the ontogeny of emotion—attention interactions, we investigated whether infants exhibit adult-like biases in automatic and voluntary attentional processes towards fearful facial expressions. Heart rate and saccadic eye movements were measured from 7-month-old infants (n = 42) while viewing non-face control stimuli, and neutral, happy, and fearful facial expressions flanked after 1000 ms by a peripheral distractor. Relative to neutral and happy expressions, fearful expressions resulted in a greater cardiac deceleration response during the first 1000 ms of face-viewing and in a relatively long-lasting suppression of face-to-distractor saccades. The results suggest that the neural architecture for the integration of emotional significance with automatic attentional orienting as well as more voluntary attentional prioritization processes is present early in life.
Performance Analysis and Improvement of Tcp during Mobile Ip Hand-offs

In this study the performance of TCP over Mobile IP (MIP) hand-offs is analysed. During Mobile IP hand-offs a Mobile Node is forced to suffer network service disruption. It is identified that due to the exponential back-off retransmission scheme of TCP, timeout values may reach sizes longer than the MIP hand-off. In these conditions the TCP communication may not resume even though network connectivity is established after the hand-off. Furthermore, it is identified that TCP is based on the assumption that all packet loss is due to network congestion. As such, all packet loss that is caused during a MIP hand-off will be perceived by TCP as the product of network congestion and reduce its transmission rate. The proposed solution involves the establishment of a communication between the protocols of MIP and TCP for the communication of information such as the beginning and end of MIP hand-offs. This information can be utilised by TCP to respond accordingly with respect to its status as sender or receiver. The improvement in performance brought by this scheme is identified through the use of simulations.
When Closing the Human–Animal Divide Expands Moral Concern

Humans and animals share many similarities. Across three studies, the authors demonstrate that the framing of these similarities has significant consequences for people’s moral concern for others. Comparing animals to humans expands moral concern and reduces speciesism; however, comparing humans to animals does not appear to produce these same effects. The authors find these differences when focusing on natural tendencies to frame human–animal similarities (Study 1) and following experimental induction of framings (Studies 2 and 3). In Study 3, the authors extend their focus from other animals to marginalized human outgroups, demonstrating that human–animal similarity framing also has consequences for the extension of moral concern to other humans. The authors explain these findings by reference to previous work examining the effects of framing on judgments of similarity and self-other comparisons and discuss them in relation to the promotion of animal welfare and the expansion of moral concern.
Disenfranchised minorities: Trust, definitions of citizenship, and noncitizen voting rights in developed democracies

Western societies show varying reactions to the challenges of immigration. This is especially true with regards to voting rights for immigrants. This article shows that previous research has neglected generalized trust as a powerful predictor for different degrees of inclusiveness in this policy area. Elections are the gateways to the political decision-making processes in all democracies. For members of the host society, extending voting rights to noncitizens means granting members of an ‘out-group’ direct influence on their own lives. This requires a ‘leap of faith’ that is only possible at higher levels of generalized trust.
Perceptions of health and cancer risk among newly recruited firefighters in South Florida

PURPOSE Despite hazardous exposures to cancer-causing agents in the line of duty, the main health and safety concerns of active firefighters have yet to be studied. We compare the perceptions of health and cancer risks between rookie and experienced firefighters. METHODS Focus groups were used to investigate potential risk of job exposures, and broad-based concerns regarding work and health. An 18-item demographic survey was also administered. Five focus group sessions were conducted with a total of 57 firefighters. RESULTS Our findings indicate that both rookie and experienced firefighters have a "high risk, high reward" mindset and identify injury, chronic disease, and stress as main health concerns. Experienced firefighters reported a shift in firefighter culture related to health. CONCLUSION The perception of health and cancer risk of rookie and experienced firefighters differ in the prioritization of their concerns, however both groups equally report occupational cancer risk as their main health concern.
Predictors and Correlates of Psychopathic Characteristics in Substance Abusing Adolescents

This study retrospectively examined the predictors and correlates of 64 adolescents with psychopathic characteristics, as measured by scores on the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV), referred for treatment to a substance abuse program for adjudicated adolescents. First, we examined the variables of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, severity of childhood abuse/neglect, and severity of parental drug dependence in predicting psychopathic characteristics. Second, we investigated the association of psychopathic characteristics with substance use, drug trafficking, depression, and anxiety. Severity of childhood abuse and neglect significantly predicted psychopathic characteristics. Psychopathic characteristics were not associated with the correlates of substance use, depression, or anxiety. Implications for treatment and future research with adolescents displaying psychopathic characteristics are discussed.
CNN-MR for No Reference Video Quality Assessment

In this paper, we propose a no-reference video quality assessment (VQA) method based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Multi-Regression (CNN-MR). It is universal for non-specific types of distortion. First, we innovatively introduce the 2D convolutional neural network into VQA model to learn the spatial quality features at frame level. Second, the motion information is extracted as temporal quality features at sequence level. Finally, a multi-regression model is proposed to comprehensively measure video quality and the final quality is selected out from them according to human's psychological perception. The proposed CNN-MR method is tested on the famous LIVE database with numerous kinds of distortions. Compared with other state-of-the-art no-reference VQA methods, the proposed method runs much faster while keeping the similar performance. As a no-reference VQA method, it is even comparable with most of the state-ofthe-art full-reference VQA methods.
SERIAL DETERMINATIONS OF HOMOVANILLINIC ACID IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF PARKINSON PATIENTS TREATED WITH L‐DOPA

The HVA‐concentration in the spinal fluid was determined weekly in 12 patients with Parkinson's syndrome during the administration of L‐dopa in doses increasing up to the optimum. The HVA concentration in the spinal fluid increased proportionally to the L‐dopa up to a dose of 5 g/day. In the spinal fluid, it showed no correlation to the clinical effect of L‐dopa on the parkinsonian symptoms.
The Importance of Transport in Business ' Location Decisions 2 Executive Summary

Understanding the role of transport in decisions made by businesses on where to locate or relocate is a crucial element in our ability to assess the impact of our transport system on people's lives. The DfT have commissioned the Transport Research Institute and Employment Research Institute at Napier University, Edinburgh to review the current level evidence of the issues considered by businesses in choosing where they locate / relocate and in particular, the significance and importance to which transport is a factor within that decision-making process.
Regulation of microtubule-based transport by MAP4

Binding to microtubules of Xenopus microtubule-associated protein 4 (XMAP4) negatively regulates dynein-dependent movement of membrane organelles and positively regulates kinesin-2–based movement. Phosphorylation reduces binding of XMAP4 to microtubules and therefore regulates the direction of microtubule-based transport.
Predictors of First-Year Student Retention in the Community College

This study analyzed predictors of fall-to-spring and fall-to-fall retention for 9,200 first-time-in-college students who enrolled in a community college over a four-year period. Findings highlight the impact of developmental education programs and internet-based courses on student persistence. Additional predictors include financial aid, parents' education, the number of semester hours enrolled in and dropped during the first fall semester, and participation in the Student Support Services program.