Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Sampling Method for Monte Carlo Tree Search Problem

We consider Monte Carlo tree search problem, a variant of Min-Max tree search problem where the score of each leaf is the expectation of some Bernoulli variables and not explicitly given but can be estimated through (random) playouts. The goal of this problem is, given a game tree and an oracle that returns an outcome of a playout, to find a child node of the root which attains an approximate min-max score. This problem arises in two player games such as computer Go. We propose a simple and efficient algorithm for Monte Carlo tree search problem. key words: Monte Carlo tree search, random sampling, game, UCT
How Much Control is Enough? Monitoring and Enforcement under Stalin

Abstract The article examines the control system that Stalin established to enforce his orders. Historical records demonstrate that Stalin designed the system's scope, organisation and credentials to maximise its cost-effectiveness. On several occasions Stalin deliberately limited the system's size and stimulated whistle-blowing in an attempt to mitigate running costs. In contrast, distorted preferences and constraints on inspectors’ loyalty contributed to the multiplication of the number of monitoring agencies. Because his orders were incomplete, Stalin authorised his inspectors not only to monitor, but also to intervene in operational matters wherever necessary.
Long-term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction.

BACKGROUND Coronary endothelial dysfunction is characterized by vasoconstrictive response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. Although endothelial dysfunction is considered an early phase of coronary atherosclerosis, there is a paucity of information regarding the outcome of these patients. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the outcome of patients with mild coronary artery disease on the basis of their endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS Follow-up was obtained in 157 patients with mildly diseased coronary arteries who had undergone coronary vascular reactivity evaluation by graded administration of intracoronary acetylcholine, adenosine, and nitroglycerin and intracoronary ultrasound at the time of diagnostic study. Patients were divided on the basis of their response to acetylcholine into 3 groups: group 1 (n=83), patients with normal endothelial function; group 2 (n=32), patients with mild endothelial dysfunction; and group 3 (n=42), patients with severe endothelial dysfunction. Over an average 28-month follow-up (range, 11 to 52 months), none of the patients from group 1 or 2 had cardiac events. However, 6 (14%) with severe endothelial dysfunction had 10 cardiac events (P<0.05 versus groups 1 and 2). Cardiac events included myocardial infarction, percutaneous or surgical coronary revascularization, and/or cardiac death. CONCLUSIONS Severe endothelial dysfunction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with increased cardiac events. This study supports the concept that coronary endothelial dysfunction may play a role in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
An environment for telecollaborative data exploration

This paper presents an environment for telecollaborative data exploration. It provides the following capabilities essential to data exploration: (1) users can probe the data, defining regions of interest with arbitrary shapes. (2) The selected data can be transformed and displayed in many different ways. (3) Linked cursors can be established between several windows showing data sets with arbitrary relationships. (4) Data can be displayed on any screen across a computer network, allowing for telecollaboration arrangements with linked cursors around the world. (5) Our system is user-extensible, allowing programmers to change any component of it while keeping the remaining functionality. We demonstrate how the system can be used in several applications, such as biomedical imaging, robotics, and wood classification. <<ETX>>
Level-Expansion Analysis in NS Superstring Field Theory Revisited

We study the level-expansion structure of the NS string field theory actions, mainly focusing on the modified (i.e. 0-picture in the NS sector) cubic superstring field theory. This theory has a non-trivial structure already at the quadratic level due to presence of the picture-changing operator. It is explicitly shown how the usual Maxwell and tachyon actions can be obtained after integrating out the auxiliary fields. We then discuss the reality of the action in the CFT language for all of modified cubic, Witten's cubic and Berkovits' non-polynomial theories. The tachyon condensation problems in modified cubic theory are re-examined. We also carry out level truncation analysis in vacuum superstring field theory proposed in our previous paper, and find some difficulties in both of cubic and non-polynomial formulations.
Approximation Techniques for Stochastic Combinatorial Optimization Problems

The focus of this thesis is on the design and analysis of algorithms for basic problems in Stochastic Optimization, speciVcally a class of fundamental combinatorial optimization problems where there is some form of uncertainty in the input. Since many interesting optimization problems are computationally intractable (NP-Hard), we resort to designing approximation algorithms which provably output good solutions. However, a common assumption in traditional algorithms is that the exact input is known in advance. What if this is not the case? What if there is uncertainty in the input? With the growing size of input data and their typically distributed nature (e.g., cloud computing), it has become imperative for algorithms to handle varying forms of input uncertainty. Current techniques, however, are not robust enough to deal with many of these problems, thus necessitating the need for new algorithmic tools. Answering such questions, and more generally identifying the tools for solving such problems, is the focus of this thesis. The exact problems we study in this thesis are the following: (a) the Survivable Network Design problem where the collection of (source,sink) pairs is drawn randomly from a known distribution, (b) the Stochastic Knapsack problem with random sizes/rewards for jobs, (c) the Multi-Armed Bandits problem, where the individual Markov Chains make random transitions, and Vnally (d) the Stochastic Orienteering problem, where the random tasks/jobs are located at diUerent vertices on a metric. We explore diUerent techniques for solving these problems and present algorithms for all the above problems with near-optimal approximation guarantees. We also believe that the techniques are fairly general and have wider applicability than the context in which they are used in this thesis.
Flame retardant, thermal, and mechanical properties of glass fiber/nanoclay reinforced phenol–urea–formaldehyde foam

To increase the toughness, flame retardancy, and compression strength of phenolic foams, glass fiber/nanoclay composites were prepared, and their mechanical property, cellular structure, thermal stability, and flame retardancy were investigated. The results show that the pulverization rate of phenolic foam decreases significantly by adding glass fibers and nanoclay. The impact strength of the composite foam significantly increases with increasing quantities of glass fiber and nanoclay, while the compression strength of the composite foam first increases and then decreases. The microstructure of the composite foam indicates that excessive glass fiber increases the number of open cells, while an appropriate quantity of nanoclay can control the cell size. Further, excessive clay increases the thickness of cell walls and the percentage of open cells. Nanoclay increases the thermal stability of the composite foam; this decreases the maximum heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release of the foam, thus reducing its fire hazards. Glass fiber and nanoclay demonstrate good synergistic effects and significantly increase the compression strength, thermal stability, and flame retardancy of the foam. Moreover, the addition of nanoclay and glass fiber–nanoclay decreases the average aperture of the cells. POLYM. COMPOS. , 37:2323–2332, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
The Ins and Outs of DNA Transfer in Bacteria

Transformation and conjugation permit the passage of DNA through the bacterial membranes and represent dominant modes for the transfer of genetic information between bacterial cells or between bacterial and eukaryotic cells. As such, they are responsible for the spread of fitness-enhancing traits, including antibiotic resistance. Both processes usually involve the recognition of double-stranded DNA, followed by the transfer of single strands. Elaborate molecular machines are responsible for negotiating the passage of macromolecular DNA through the layers of the cell surface. All or nearly all the machine components involved in transformation and conjugation have been identified, and here we present models for their roles in DNA transport.
3-epi-Dammarenediol II 1.075 hydrate: a dammarane triterpene from the bark of Aglaia eximia

The title dammarane tritepene, 3α,20(S)-dihydroxydammar-24-ene, which crystallized out in a hydrated form, C30H52O2.1. 075H2O, was isolated from the Aglaia eximia bark. The three cyclohexane rings adopt chair conformations. The cyclopentane has an envelope conformation with the quaternary C at position 14 as the flap atom with the maximum deviation of 0.288 (2) Å. The methylheptene side chain is disordered over two positions with 0.505 (1):0.495 (1) site occupancies and is axially attached with an (+)-syn-clinal conformation. The hydroxyl group at position 3 of dammarane is in a different conformation to the corresponding hydroxyl in Dammarenediol II. In the crystal, the dammarane and water molecules are linked by ODammarane—H⋯Owater and Owater—H⋯ODammarane hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.
Genomewide identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 promoters controlled by the HrpL alternative sigma factor

The ability of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to parasitize tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana depends on genes activated by the HrpL alternative sigma factor. To support various functional genomic analyses of DC3000, and specifically, to identify genes involved in pathogenesis, we developed a draft sequence of DC3000 and used an iterative process involving computational and gene expression techniques to identify virulence-implicated genes downstream of HrpL-responsive promoters. Hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) promoters are known to control genes encoding the Hrp (type III protein secretion) machinery and a few type III effector proteins in DC3000. This process involved (i) identification of 9 new virulence-implicated genes in the Hrp regulon by miniTn5gus mutagenesis, (ii) development of a hidden Markov model (HMM) trained with known and transposon-identified Hrp promoter sequences, (iii) HMM identification of promoters upstream of 12 additional virulence-implicated genes, and (iv) microarray and RNA blot analyses of the HrpL-dependent expression of a representative subset of these DC3000 genes. We found that the Hrp regulon encodes candidates for 4 additional type III secretion machinery accessory factors, homologs of the effector proteins HopPsyA, AvrPpiB1 (2 copies), AvrPpiC2, AvrPphD (2 copies), AvrPphE, AvrPphF, and AvrXv3, and genes associated with the production or metabolism of virulence factors unrelated to the Hrp type III secretion system, including syringomycin synthetase (SyrE), Nɛ-(indole-3-acetyl)-l-lysine synthetase (IaaL), and a subsidiary regulon controlling coronatine production. Additional candidate effector genes, hopPtoA2, hopPtoB2, and an avrRps4 homolog, were preceded by Hrp promoter-like sequences, but these had HMM expectation values of relatively low significance and were not detectably activated by HrpL.
Electron Transport in Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons with a Tetra-Vacancy Complex: A Perfect Spin Filter

A novel doping scheme for graphene was recently realized experimentally by creating different vacancy complexes doped with a transition metal (TM) atom [nanoLett. 12, 141 (2012)]. This provides a new reliable way to modifying the electronic structure and transport property of graphene. Here, we show, by performing first-principles calculations, that the defect complex of TM@V4 (a TM atom doped tetra-vacancy) in zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) can lead to a 100% spin-polarized electron transport in a wide energy range around the Fermi energy. Analyses show that this is due to the particular atomic structure of the TM@V4 complex regardless of the species of the TM atom.
Eigenfunctions of Spinless Particles in a One-dimensional Linear Potential Well

In the present paper, we work out the eigenfunctions of spinless particles bound in a one-dimensional linear finite range, attractive potential well, treating it as a time-like component of a four-vector. We show that the one-dimensional stationary Klein-Gordon equation is reduced to a standard differential equation, whose solutions, consistent with the boundary conditions, are the parabolic cylinder functions, which further reduce to the well- known confluent hypergeometric functions. c
TGD Inspired Theory of Consciousness

The basic ideas and implications of TGD inspired theory of consciousness are briefly summarized. The notions of quantum jump and self can be unified in the recent formulation of TGD relying on dark matter hierarchy characterized by increasing values of Planck constant. Negentropy Maximization Principle serves as a basic variational principle for the dynamics of quantum jump. The new view about the relation of geometric and subjective time leads to a new view about memory and intentional action. The quantum measurement theory based on finite measurement resolution and realized in terms of hyper-finite factors of type II1 justifies the notions of sharing of mental images and stereo-consciousness deduced earlier on basis of quantum classical correspondence. Qualia reduce to quantum number increments associated with quantum jump. Self-referentiality of consciousness can be understood from quantum classical correspondence implying a symbolic representation of contents of consciousness at space-time level updated in each quantum jump. p-Adic physics provides space-time correlates for cognition and intentionality.
Body Mass Index Predicts 24-Hour Urinary Aldosterone Levels in Patients With Resistant Hypertension

Prospective studies indicate that hyperaldosteronism is found in 20% of patients with resistant hypertension. A small number of observational studies in normotensive and hypertensive patients suggest a correlation between aldosterone levels and obesity while others could not confirm these findings. The correlation between aldosterone levels and body mass index (BMI) in patients with resistant hypertension has not been previously investigated. Our objective was to determine whether BMI is positively correlated with plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, aldosterone:renin ratio, and 24-hour urinary aldosterone in black and white patients. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a large diverse cohort (n=2170) with resistant hypertension. The relationship between plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, aldosterone:renin ratio, 24-hour urinary aldosterone, and BMI was investigated for the entire cohort, by sex and race (65.3% white, 40.3% men). We demonstrate that plasma aldosterone concentration and aldosterone:renin ratio were significantly correlated to BMI (P<0.0001) across the first 3 quartiles, but not from the 3rd to 4th quartile of BMI. Plasma renin activity was not correlated with BMI. Twenty-four–hour urinary aldosterone was positively correlated across all quartiles of BMI for the cohort (P<0.0001) and when analyzed by sex (men P<0.0001; women P=0.0013) and race (P<0.05), and stronger for men compared with women (r=0.19, P<0.001 versus r=0.05, P=0.431, P=0.028) regardless of race. In both black and white patients, aldosterone levels were positively correlated to increasing BMI, with the correlation being more pronounced in black and white men. These findings suggest that obesity, particularly the abdominal obesity typical of men, contributes to excess aldosterone in patients with resistant hypertension.
Performance Evaluation of a Link Adaptation Technique for High Speed Wireless Communication Systems

This paper deals with the performance evaluation of an efficient medium access control (MAC) technique based on the use of an adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme that significantly improves the downstream data rate and guarantees specific quality of service (QoS) requirements in wireless communication systems. Basically, the access scheme considered in this paper relies on physical channel monitoring and state mapping into a variable rate packet format. In particular, a suitable analytical model is proposed herein in order to predict the system performance, i.e., the average packet queuing delay in the case of a non-stationary transmission channel. Comparisons between analytical predictions and simulation results are provided to validate our model and highlight the improvement of the AMC technique with respect to a static rate allocation scheme, especially in the case of heavy tailed traffic conditions.
Match LSTM based Question Answering

Machine based reading comprehension is an interesting problem in the field of natural language processing. In this project, an end to end neural architecture for this task is implemented based on the Match LSTM and Answer Pointer model described by Wang and Jiang [10]. The system is evaluated on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset. The results demonstrate that the system performs reasonably well.
Combinatorial Complexity and Compositional Drift in Protein Interaction Networks

The assembly of molecular machines and transient signaling complexes does not typically occur under circumstances in which the appropriate proteins are isolated from all others present in the cell. Rather, assembly must proceed in the context of large-scale protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks that are characterized both by conflict and combinatorial complexity. Conflict refers to the fact that protein interfaces can often bind many different partners in a mutually exclusive way, while combinatorial complexity refers to the explosion in the number of distinct complexes that can be formed by a network of binding possibilities. Using computational models, we explore the consequences of these characteristics for the global dynamics of a PPI network based on highly curated yeast two-hybrid data. The limited molecular context represented in this data-type translates formally into an assumption of independent binding sites for each protein. The challenge of avoiding the explicit enumeration of the astronomically many possibilities for complex formation is met by a rule-based approach to kinetic modeling. Despite imposing global biophysical constraints, we find that initially identical simulations rapidly diverge in the space of molecular possibilities, eventually sampling disjoint sets of large complexes. We refer to this phenomenon as “compositional drift”. Since interaction data in PPI networks lack detailed information about geometric and biological constraints, our study does not represent a quantitative description of cellular dynamics. Rather, our work brings to light a fundamental problem (the control of compositional drift) that must be solved by mechanisms of assembly in the context of large networks. In cases where drift is not (or cannot be) completely controlled by the cell, this phenomenon could constitute a novel source of phenotypic heterogeneity in cell populations.
A Scheme for Multiuser Communications based on Energy Division

We discuss a multiple-access protocol that discriminates different users on the basis of their energy. Users are assumed to share the same bandwidth, the same pulse and are decoded according to their received magnitudes. This proposal promises to achieve larger efficiency when jointly applied with classical protocols especially in scenarios where the same low-cost terminals are deployed in large numbers as in sensor networks and in personal-area networks. Analytical results, confirmed by numerical simulations, are derived for performance evaluation on additive white Gaussian noise channels.
The Transcription Factor YY1 Is a Substrate for Polo-Like Kinase 1 at the G2/M Transition of the Cell Cycle

Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) is an essential multifunctional zinc-finger protein. It has been shown over the past two decades to be a critical regulator of a vast array of biological processes, including development, cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. YY1 exerts its functions primarily as a transcription factor that can activate or repress gene expression, dependent on its spatial and temporal context. YY1 regulates a large number of genes involved in cell cycle transitions, many of which are oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. YY1 itself has been classified as an oncogene and was found to be upregulated in many cancer types. Unfortunately, our knowledge of what regulates YY1 is very minimal. Although YY1 has been shown to be a phosphoprotein, no kinase has ever been identified for the phosphorylation of YY1. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has emerged in the past few years as a major cell cycle regulator, particularly for cell division. Plk1 has been shown to play important roles in the G/M transition into mitosis and for the proper execution of cytokinesis, processes that YY1 has been shown to regulate also. Here, we present evidence that Plk1 directly phosphorylates YY1 in vitro and in vivo at threonine 39 in the activation domain. We show that this phosphorylation is cell cycle regulated and peaks at G2/M. This is the first report identifying a kinase for which YY1 is a substrate.
Cell‐free synthesis of proteins that require disulfide bonds using glucose as an energy source

The primary objective of this work was to create a cell‐free protein synthesis extract that produces proteins requiring disulfide bonds while using glucose as an energy source. We attempted to avoid using iodoacetamide (IAM) to stabilize the required oxidizing thiol redox potential, since previous IAM pretreatments prevented glucose utilization apparently by inactivating glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐3PDH). Instead, the glutathione reductase (Gor)‐mediated disulfide reductase system was disabled by deleting the gor gene from the KC6 cell‐extract source strain. The thioredoxin reductase (TrxB)‐mediated system was disabled by first adding a purification tag to the trxB gene in the chromosome to create strain KGK10 and then by affinity removal of the tagged TrxB. This was expected to result in a cell extract devoid of all disulfide reductase activity, but this was not the case. Although the concentration of IAM required to stabilize oxidized glutathione in the KGK10 extract could be reduced 20‐fold, IAM pretreatment was still required to avoid disulfide reduction. Nonetheless, active urokinase and murine granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (mGM‐CSF) were produced in reactions with KGK10 extract either with affinity removal of TrxB or with 50 µM IAM pretreatment. With the less intensive IAM pretreatment, glucose could be used as an energy source in a production system that promotes oxidative protein folding. This new protocol offers an economically feasible cell‐free system for the production of secreted mammalian proteins as human therapeutics or vaccines. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 901–908. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.