Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition of altered oceanic crust at ODP Sites 801 and 1149

We present a comprehensive major and trace element dataset establishing ODP Site 801 as a geochemical reference for altered oceanic crust. The composition of old crustal sequences like those at Sites 801 and 1149 are critical to developing models of crustal aging and seawater chemistry evolution and to understanding the fate of crust consumed at subduction zones. Our estimate of the bulk composition of oceanic crust at Site 801 comprises ICP‐AES and ICP‐MS analyses of 117 discrete samples, 14 mixed composites and 5 glasses from the upper 500 m of Jurassic Pacific crust. Comparing the 801 “super‐composite” with glass reveals enrichment of U (5x), Li (2x), K2O (4x), Rb (9x), and Cs (7x), similar to DSDP Sites 417/418, but little to no enrichment in Ba or Pb. The data also demonstrate good (∼10%) agreement between U measured on discrete samples and natural gamma logs, suggesting logging data is a reliable means of establishing bulk geochemical characteristics of oceanic crust. Data reported here serve to link other geochemical and mineralogical measurements on Site 801 and 1149 samples. We also document Boston University sample preparation procedures and instrument parameters for ICP‐MS and ICP‐AES analyses, and provide comparisons with other laboratories and techniques. We present new techniques for basaltic glass analyses using the Boston University 213 nm Nd‐YAG LA‐ICP‐MS system, and show the data agree well with both solution‐ICP‐MS (5–10%) and ion probe measurements (∼10%).
Role of the variant rs3774261 of adiponectin gene on adiponectin levels and ratio adiponectin/leptin after biliopancreatic diversion in morbid obese subjects.

OBJECTIVE Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of ADIPOQ gene on different comorbidities are related to obesity and weight loss. Despite, there are no studies evaluating the effect of rs3774261 on metabolic variables after bariatric surgery. We evaluated the effect of SNV rs3774261 of ADIPOQ gene on biochemical changes after biliopancreatic diversion surgery in morbidly obese subjects for 3 years follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and forty-nine patients (111 females/38 males) with morbid obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m2) without diabetes mellitus type 2 were enrolled. Biochemical and anthropometric evaluation were registered before and after 1, 2, and 3 years. Genotype of rs3774261 has been studied. RESULTS Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased in all genotype groups during the study. Although the improvement in glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR was significant in two genotypes (AA and AG); these changes were earlier in the AA genotype than in Ag and GG genotypes. Adiponectin levels increased in a significant way in subjects with AA genotype in the 3 follow-up periods (first year delta: 16.4±0.5 ng/ml; p=0.03, second year delta: 21.3±0.5 ng/ mL; p=0.02 and third year delta: 23.6±0.7 ng/mL; p=0.01) and at 3 years in subjects with AG genotype (delta: 18.3±0.4 ng/ mL; p=0.03). The ratio adiponectin/leptin increased in a significant way in subjects with AA genotype in the 3 follow-up times (first year delta: 0.40±0.1 units; p=0.02, second year delta: 0.58±0.1 units; p=0.01 and third year delta: 0.65±0.1 ng/mL; p=0.01) and at 3 years in subjects with AG genotype (delta: 0.61±0.1 ng/ mL; p=0.02). Subjects with GG genotype did not show a significant improvement in these parameters during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS G allele carriers of rs3774261 showed a delay in the improvement of glucose metabolism parameters, adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio.
Production and Characterization of Transgenic Mice Systemically Expressing Endo-β-Galactosidase C

The alphaGal epitope (Galalpha1-3Gal) is a sugar structure expressed on the cell surface of almost all organisms except humans and old-world-monkeys, which express natural anti-alphaGal antibodies. The presence of these antibodies elicits a hyper acute rejection (HAR) upon xenotransplantation of cellular materials, such as from pigs to human beings. Endo-beta-galactosidase C (EndoGalC), an enzyme isolated from Clostridium perfringens, removes the alphaGal epitope by cleaving the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc linkage in the Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc sequence. To explore the possibility that cells or organs from transgenic pigs systemically expressing EndoGalC might be suitable for xenotransplantation, we first introduced the EndoGalC transgene into the mouse genome via pronuclear injection. The progeny of the resulting transgenics expressed EndoGalC mRNA and protein. Flow cytometry and histochemical analyses revealed a dramatic reduction in the expression of the alphaGal epitope in these mice. They also exhibited abnormal phenotypes, such as occasional death immediately after birth, growth retardation, and transient skin lesions. Interestingly, the phenotypic abnormalities seen in these transgenics were similar to those observed in beta1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (beta4GalT-1) knockout (KO) mice. Most probably, these phenotypes were caused by exposure of the internal N-acetylglucosamine residue at the end of the sugar chain on the cell surface. The present findings also provide some basis for evaluating possible application of the transgenic approach for xenotranplantation.
Microscopic Studies of Sedimentary Organic Matter: Key to Understanding Organic-Rich Strata, with Paleozoic Examples from Western Canada Basin

Organic matter in sediments and sedimentary rocks provides data and interpretations on biosphere-geosphere interactions. In modern and ancient depositional settings, a combination of anoxia and substantial bio-productivity leads to the preservation of abundant organic matter, which in turn is transformed during subsequent burial into kerogen, the source of oil and gas deposits. Kerogen can be evaluated by organic geochemistry and organic penological methods, whose parameters are used to define organic fades for fine-grained, sedimentary rock sequences. Organic geochemistry uses Rock-Eval pyrolysis and elemental analysis to determine amounts of organic C, H, and I in kerogen to assess petroleum potential and origin. Organic petrology uses reflected light microscopy to characterize dispersed organic matter in rocks, in terms of macerals and organic facies, which is then used to interpret the paleoenvironment and paleoecology of organic-rich sedimentary rocks. This paper outlines the organic petrology of several hydrocarbon source rocks from western Canada, illustrating the success of this method in evaluating and understanding organic-rich rocks. Resume La matiere organique dans les sediments et les roches sedimentaires fournit des donnees et des informations sur les interactions entre la geosphere et la biosphere. Dans les bassins sedimentaires actuels ou anciens, la presence de conditions anoxiques en meme temps qu'une forte bio-productivite conduit a la conservation de grands volumes de matiere organique, lesquels se transforment par la suite en kerogene, la source des gisements de petrole et de gaz. On utilise des methodes de geochimie et de petrologie organique pour etudier le kerogene et les donnees qu'elles fournissent permettent de definir les facies des sequences de roches sedimentaires a grains fins. En geochimie organique, la pyrolyse Rock-Eval et l'analyse elementaire permettent de determiner les quantites de C, H et O organiques du kerogene et d'evaluer le potentiel petrolier ainsi que l'origine. En petrologie organique la microscopie en lumiere reflechie permet de caracteriser la matiere organique dispersee dans les roches. Ensuite, des maceraux et facies organiques decrits on peut deduire les parametres paleo-environnementaux et paleo-ecologiques des roches sedimentaires riches en matiere organique. On trouvera dans le present article des descriptions abregees de la petrologie organique de plusieurs roches meres de l'Ouest canadien et qui illustrent bien l'efficacite de cette methode dans l'evaluation et la comprehension des roches riches en matiere organiques.
3-D Refraction Traveltime Tomography Algorithm Based on Adjoint State Techniques

Classical 3-D refraction traveltime tomography algorithms may suffer from computational limitations due to the large datasets that come from current seismic acquisition surveys. To overcome these issues, we suggest a 3-D refraction tomography algorithm based on adjoint state techniques to derive the gradient of the traveltime misfit function. We use the Eikonal equation for the forward modelling, and iterate with a conjugate gradient method. A 3-D synthetic example with a realistic size acquisition demonstrates the efficiency and the great potential of the adjoint state method for 3-D applications of refraction tomography.
Ventricular tachycardia characteristics and outcomes with catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic therapy: insights from the VANISH trial.

AIMS Catheter ablation is superior to escalated antiarrhythmic drugs among patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and prior myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is uncertain whether clinical VT characteristics, should influence choice of therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether presentation with electrical storm and the clinical VT cycle length predicted response to ablation vs. escalated antiarrhythmic therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients enrolled in the Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation vs. Escalated Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in Ischaemic Heart Disease (VANISH) trial were included. The association between VT cycle length and presentation with electrical storm and the primary outcome of death, subsequent VT storm or appropriate ICD shock was evaluated. Among the study population of 259 patients, escalated antiarrhythmic drug therapy had worse outcomes for those presenting with a VT cycle length >400 ms [<150 b.p.m. , 89/259, hazard ratio (HR) 1.7 (1.02-3.13)]. This effect was more pronounced among those taking amiodarone at baseline [HR of 2.22 (1.19-4.16)]. Presentation with VT storm (32/259) did not affect the primary outcome between groups. However, those presenting with VT storm on amiodarone had a trend towards worse outcomes with escalated antiarrhythmic therapy [HR 4.31 (0.55-33.93)]. CONCLUSION The VT cycle length can influence response to either ablation or escalated drug therapy in patients with VT and prior MI. Those with slow VT had improved outcomes with ablation. Patients presenting with electrical storm demonstrated similar outcomes to the overall trial population, with a trend to benefit of catheter ablation, particularly in those on amiodarone.
Advancing the global perspective of tourism by examining core and peripheral destinations

Core and peripheral destinations are very significant to island tourism because of core and peripheral islands. Peripheral locations may be disadvantaged as they are isolated from the core or economic centers and from the main population. This chapter reviews literature on the complexity of core and peripheral destinations, their development, planning, marketing and management together with local resident’s perceptions of tourists and the tourist’s expectations. The South Pacific is defined and it’s Colonial past discussed together with tourist motivations. It is becoming increasingly difficult for all stakeholders to agree on programs and tourism practices and that various South Pacific countries have different ways of collecting statistical data resulting in few generic standards to adhere to.
Estimating movement rates between Eurasian and North American birds that are vectors of avian influenza (AI)

Avian influenza (AI) is an emerging zoonotic disease that will likely be involved in future pandemics. Because waterbird movements are difficult to quantify, determining the host-specific risk of Eurasian-origin AI movements into North America is challenging. We estimated relative rates of movements, based on long-term evolutionary averages of gene flow, between Eurasian and North American waterbird populations to obtain bidirectional baseline rates of the intercontinental movements of these AI hosts. We used population genomics and coalescent-based demographic models to obtain these gene-flow-based movement estimates. Inferred rates of movement between these populations varies greatly among species. Within dabbling ducks, gene flow, relative to effective population size, varies from ∼3-24 individuals/generation between Eurasian and American wigeons (Mareca penelope – M. americana) to ∼100-300 individuals/generation between continental populations of northern pintails (Anas acuta). These are evolutionary long-term averages and provide a solid foundation for understanding the relative risks of each of these host species in potential intercontinental AI movements. We scale these values to census size for evaluation in that context. In addition to being AI hosts, many of these species are also important in the subsistence diets of Alaskans, increasing the risk of direct bird-to-human exposure to Eurasian-origin AI virus. We contrast species-specific rates of intercontinental movements with the importance of each species in Alaskan diets to understand the relative risk of these taxa to humans. Greater scaup (Aythya marila), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and northern pintail (Anas acuta) were the top three species presenting the highest risks for intercontinental AI movement both within the natural system and through exposure to subsistence hunters. These directly comparable, species-based intercontinental movement rates and relative risk rankings should help in modeling, monitoring, and mitigating the impacts of intercontinental host and AI movements.
Fram Strait spring ice export and September Arctic sea ice

Abstract. The Arctic Basin exports ~ 10 % of the sea ice area southwards annually through Fram Strait. A larger than normal export decreases the remaining mean thickness and ice area. A new updated timeseries from 1979–2013 of Fram Strait sea ice area export shows an overall increase until today, and that more than 1 million km2 has been exported annually in recent years. The new timeseries has been constructed from high resolution radar satellite imagery of sea ice drift across 79° N from 2004–2013, regressed on the observed cross-strait surface pressure difference, and shows an increasing trend of 7 % per decade. The trend is caused by higher southward ice drift speeds due to stronger southward geostrophic winds, largely explained by increasing surface pressure on Greenland. Spring and summer area export increases more (~ 14 % per decade) than in autumn and winter, and these export anomalies have a large influence on the following September mean ice extent.
MRI-Based Machine Learning Prediction Framework to Lateralize Hippocampal Sclerosis in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Background and Objectives MRI fails to reveal hippocampal pathology in 30% to 50% of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgical candidates. To address this clinical challenge, we developed an automated MRI-based classifier that lateralizes the side of covert hippocampal pathology in TLE. Methods We trained a surface-based linear discriminant classifier that uses T1-weighted (morphology) and T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)/T1 (intensity) features. The classifier was trained on 60 patients with TLE (mean age 35.6 years, 58% female) with histologically verified hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Images were deemed to be MRI negative in 42% of cases on the basis of neuroradiologic reading (40% based on hippocampal volumetry). The predictive model automatically labeled patients as having left or right TLE. Lateralization accuracy was compared to electroclinical data, including side of surgery. Accuracy of the classifier was further assessed in 2 independent TLE cohorts with similar demographics and electroclinical characteristics (n = 57, 58% MRI negative). Results The overall lateralization accuracy was 93% (95% confidence interval 92%–94%), regardless of HS visibility. In MRI-negative TLE, the combination of T2 and FLAIR/T1 intensities provided the highest accuracy in both the training (84%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.95 ± 0.02) and validation (cohort 1 90%, AUC 0.99; cohort 2 76%, AUC 0.94) cohorts. Discussion This prediction model for TLE lateralization operates on readily available conventional MRI contrasts and offers gain in accuracy over visual radiologic assessment. The combined contribution of decreased T1- and increased T2-weighted intensities makes the synthetic FLAIR/T1 contrast particularly effective in MRI-negative HS, setting the basis for broad clinical translation. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that in people with TLE and MRI-negative HS, an automated MRI-based classifier accurately determines the side of pathology.
The determination of the valency of manganese in mineralogical and environmental samples by X-ray emission spectroscopy

Abstract The Kβ X-ray emission spectrum arising from 3p → 1s transitions in transition metal ions can be complicated by interaction between unpaired 3d electrons and the odd 3p electron in the final state. A non-diagram line, Kβ′ appears at lower emission energy than the diagram line Kβ1,3. For lighter transition metals the intensity ratio of Kβ′ to Kβ1,3 decreases with the number of unpaired 3d electrons. This enables this intensity ratio to be used to determine oxidation state. This effect is demonstrated for the simple oxides MnO, Mn2O3 and MnO2, and for the anion MnO4−. Distinct spectra are obtained that can be related to the oxidation state of the manganese. The valency of manganese is then determined in mineral samples and in sand grains coated with manganese encrustations from water purification plants.
Incorporation and comparative evaluation of a non-convective cloud parameterization scheme in the Naval Research Laboratory West Coast mesoscale weather prediction model

Abstract : This study describes the incorporation of the Sundqvist et al. (1989) explicit non-convective cloud liquid water scheme into the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) limited area dynamical weather prediction model. Comparisons were made between model runs with the non-convective cloud water scheme and those without the scheme to evaluate mesoscale wind pattern, longwave radiation, temperature, and cloud simulations over the U.S. West Coast for the time period 0000 UTC 02 May 1990 to 1200 UTC 03 May 1990. The most significant improvement in the updated model was the more physically realistic horizontal and vertical non-convective cloud structures produced by the cloud liquid water fields.
Ley para el Aprovechamiento de Energias Renovables y el Financiamiento de la Transicion Energetica (2008)

Artículo 1o.La presente Ley es de orden público y de observancia general en toda la República Mexicana. Tiene por objeto regular el aprovechamiento de fuentes de energía renovables y las tecnologías limpias para generar electricidad con fines distintos a la prestación del servicio público de energía eléctrica, así como establecer la estrategia nacional y los instrumentos para el financiamiento de la transición energética.
Agro-ecological farming systems in China.

Introduction. Concept and principles of integrated farming system. Historical review. Classification of integrated farming system. Rotation, relay-intercropping and intercropping system of crops. Polyaquaculture in water body. Mixed standsafforestation. Agro-silviculture system. Tree-medicinal herbs intercropping. Cash tree/multiuse forest intercropping system. Integrated phyto-animal system. Integrated farming system in different scales. Integrated farming system in mountain ecosystem.Integrated farming system in wetland ecosystem. Integrated farming system in arid and semi-arid ecosystem. Agro-industry complex ecological engineering. Multi-component and multi-step use of energy resources. Systematic design for integrated farmingsystem. Analysis and assessment of integrated farming system. Perspective. Index.
THE GEOLOGICALLY YOUNGEST ALBANERPETONTID AMPHIBIAN, FROM THE LOWER PLIOCENE OF HUNGARY

Abstract: The Albanerpetontidae are salamander‐like, Middle Jurassic to Neogene lissamphibians from Laurasia and North Africa. Extensive series of albanerpetontid bones recently identified in collections from the Csarnóta 2 locality, south‐central Hungary, extend the temporal range of the clade forward about seven million years from the middle Miocene to the early Pliocene. The Hungarian material is diagnostic for the Euramerican type genus Albanerpeton and pertains to a new species, A. pannonicus sp. nov., which differs from the seven previously reported congeners (Early Cretaceous–Miocene) in a distinctive combination of primitive and derived character states of the jaws and frontals, including a unique ventromedian keel on the azygous frontals. Some of the Hungarian specimens are articulated sets of skull bones, including ones containing the first three‐dimensional examples of a nasal and jugals known for albanerpetontids, that help clarify some details of cranial osteology in these amphibians. Cladistic analysis nests A. pannonicus within the robust‐snouted clade, as the sister taxon to an unnamed late Palaeocene species from Canada and A. inexpectatum from early–middle Miocene deposits in France, Austria and Germany. This phylogeny and recent reports of diagnostic Albanerpeton material from the Campanian of France and Maastrichtian of Romania suggest the evolutionary history of Albanerpeton was more complex than previously hypothesized, with Europe having played a larger role. The 25 fossiliferous layers at Csarnóta 2 record a shift from forest to grassland palaeoenvironments. Fossils of A. pannonicus are present in all layers, implying that this species was not adversely affected by the change in palaeoenvironments.
The impact of highly permeable layer on hydraulic system in a coastal aquifer

This study is aimed to understand the hydraulic mechanism of coastal aquifer systems that include highly permeable layers (HPLs). These hydrologic conditions can be found in many volcanic islands that are composed of a series of lava flows discharged into sea or other standing body of water. In the first part, we developed a numerical model based on the geologic and hydrologic data obtained from the eastern Jeju Island, Korea, of which the aquifer contains clinker and hyaloclastite layers. The simulation results reproduced spatial location of fresh‐saline water interface, especially the abrupt decline of interface at the inland part and the thickness variation of transition zone along the cross‐section observed at the eastern Jeju coastal aquifer. We were able to find out that these phenomena are strongly related to the presence of the HPL. In the second part, quantitative analyses were conducted with the use of hypothetical models in order to understand the dynamic characteristics of coastal system that includes HPLs. A series of sensitivity studies were conducted to assess the effect of the horizontal length and vertical depth of HPL on the spatial location of the interface toe and the configuration of transition zone. Various case studies have shown that the seawater intruded into the inland more as the horizontal length of HPL was increased and its vertical depth was decreased. In other simulations including two HPLs, the vertical distance between these two HPLs primarily controlled the flow regime, flux variations, and the configuration of the transition zone. Finally, we performed simulations to evaluate the effect of a rising sea‐level. This study provides more understanding of how the presence of HPL controls the seawater intrusion processes, and the spatial configurations of fresh‐saline water interface at coastal aquifers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.