Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining and ranking of generalized multi-dimensional frequent subgraphs

Frequent pattern mining is an important research field and can be applied to different labeled data structures ranging from itemsets to graphs. There are scenarios where a label can be assigned to a taxonomy and generalized patterns can be mined by replacing labels by their ancestors. In this work, we propose a novel approach to generalized frequent subgraph mining. In contrast to existing work, our approach considers new requirements from use cases beyond molecular databases. In particular, we support directed multigraphs as well as multiple taxonomies to deal with the different semantic meaning of vertices. Since results of generalized frequent subgraph mining can be very large, we use a fast analytical method of p-value estimation to rank results by significance. We propose two extensions of the popular gSpan algorithm that mine frequent subgraphs across all taxonomy levels. We compare both algorithms in an experimental evaluation based on a database of business process executions represented by graphs.
Reprogramming efficiency and quality of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) generated from muscle-derived fibroblasts of mdx mice at different ages

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold promise as a potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To determine the impact of the donor’s age on reprogramming, we generated iPSCs from muscle-derived fibroblasts (MuFs) of mdx mice aged 6 weeks, 6 months, and 14 months. MuFs from 14-month-old mdx mice showed lower proliferative activity and lower reprogramming efficiency, compared with those from younger mdx mice. Furthermore, iPSCs derived from 14-month-old mdx mice (14m-MuF-iPSCs) gradually lost Nanog expression, and regressed in conventional ES medium during passages. Interestingly, inhibition of TGF-β signaling and BMP signaling stabilized Nanog expression and promoted self-renewal of 14m-MuF-iPSCs. Finally, rescued mdx-derived iPSCs efficiently differentiated into the skeletal muscle lineage.
Strukturell-hirnmorphologische Unterschiede zwischen Alkoholabhängigen mit und ohne affektive Komorbidität - eine retrospektive MRT-Studie

This retrospective investigation studied whether alcohol dependent subjects with (n = 42) and without (n = 35) comorbid affective pathology displayed different patterns of structural cortical and subcortical alterations. 3-Tesla MRI scans of these subjects, receiving qualified detoxification inpatient treatment between 2008 and 2012, were examined. Cortical thickness and segmentation of neuroanatomical structures were measured with FreeSurfer and statistical analysed with IBM SPSS. The results demonstrate a higher level of cerebral atrophy in the entire brain for the group of solely alcohol dependent subjects. There was no region in which the comorbid group had lower cortical volumes. No group differences were detected for addiction severity markers such as "duration of alcohol addiction" and "mean daily intake".
A convergent input from nasal receptors and the larynx to the rostral sensory trigeminal nuclei of the cat.

1. Extracellular recordings were made from ninety‐one neurones in the vicinity of the rostral trigeminal nucleus in chloralose‐anaesthetized cats. 2. Sixty‐two neurones within this area were activated by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral superior laryngeal nerve (s.l.n.). Only two of the twenty‐one neurones tested had an additional input from the contralateral s.l. n. 3. Fifty of these sixty‐two neurones were also activated synaptically by light mechanical stimulation of the ipsilateral nasal cavity and in the eight neurones tested electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral nostril evoked activity. All these neurones exhibited characteristics of postsynaptic responses to s.l. n. and nasal stimulation, showing a variable latency to onset to either stimulus, summation and facilitation of more than one stimulus. 4. None of those neurones receiving an s.l. n. input, or those with convergent inputs from the s.l. n. and nose, could be affected by mechanical stimulation of any part of the face. 5. The activity of a further twenty‐nine neurones was also recorded within this same general region. Sixteen responded to movement of the whiskers, five to touching the skin of the lower jaw, two to touching the skin of the upper jaw, three to touch around the eyebrows and three to touching other parts of the face. None of these neurones were activated by s.l. n. stimulation. 6. The location of seventeen of these neurones showing a convergent s.l. n. and nasal input was determined histologically. They were closely grouped together in a region 3.5‐4.5 mm rostral to obex in and around the main trigeminal sensory nucleus, dorsolateral to the retrofacial nucleus corresponding to the parvocellular division of the alaminar spinal trigeminal nucleus. 7. The lack of somatosensory input to those neurones receiving a convergent input from the nose and s.l. n. is discussed in relation to previous studies describing somatosensory‐visceral convergence to neurones within trigeminal nuclei.
New research in moral development

v. 1. Defining perspectives in moral development -- v. 2. Fundamental research in moral development -- v. 3. Kohlberg's original study of moral development -- v. 4. The great justice debate -- v. 5. New research in moral development -- v. 6. Caring voices and women's moral frames -- v. 7. Reaching out.
Visual Features Selection

The state-of-the-art algorithms for large visual content recognition and content based similarity search today use the “Bag of Features” (BoF) or “Bag of Words” (BoW) approach. The idea, borrowed from text retrieval, enables the use of inverted files. A very well known issue with the BoF approach is that the query images, as well as the stored data, are described with thousands of words. This poses obvious efficiency problems when using inverted files to perform efficient image matching. In this paper, we propose and compare various techniques to reduce the number of words describing an image to improve efficiency.
Stacked Quantizers for Compositional Vector Compression

Recently, Babenko and Lempitsky introduced Additive Quantization (AQ), a generalization of Product Quantization (PQ) where a non-independent set of codebooks is used to compress vectors into small binary codes. Unfortunately, under this scheme encoding cannot be done independently in each codebook, and optimal encoding is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we observe that PQ and AQ are both compositional quantizers that lie on the extremes of the codebook dependence-independence assumption, and explore an intermediate approach that exploits a hierarchical structure in the codebooks. This results in a method that achieves quantization error on par with or lower than AQ, while being several orders of magnitude faster. We perform a complexity analysis of PQ, AQ and our method, and evaluate our approach on standard benchmarks of SIFT and GIST descriptors, as well as on new datasets of features obtained from state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks.
The Maize Transcription Factor KNOTTED1 Directly Regulates the Gibberellin Catabolism Gene ga2ox1[W][OA]

KNOTTED1 (KN1)-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors are involved in the establishment and maintenance of plant meristems; however, few direct targets of KNOX proteins have been recognized. Using a combination of double mutant analysis and biochemistry, we found that in maize (Zea mays), KN1 negatively modulates the accumulation of gibberellin (GA) through the control of ga2ox1, which codes for an enzyme that inactivates GA. The ga2ox1 mRNA level is elevated in immature leaves of dominant KNOX mutants and downregulated in reproductive meristems of the null allele kn1-e1. KN1 binds in vivo to an intron of ga2ox1 through a cis-regulatory element containing two TGAC motifs. VP16-KN1 activates transcription in planta from a chimeric promoter containing this binding site. The domains of expression of kn1 and ga2ox1 mRNAs overlap at the base of the shoot apical meristem and the base of newly initiated leaves, suggesting that KN1-mediated activation of ga2ox1 maintains a boundary between meristem cell identity and rapidly elongating cells of the shoot. The KN1 binding site is conserved in ga2ox1 genes of different grasses, suggesting that the local regulation of bioactive GA levels through KNOX proteins is a common theme in grasses.
Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membranes and Vesicles from Wild-Type Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis and a Lipopolysaccharide-Deficient Mutant

ABSTRACT Current experimental vaccines against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis are based on meningococcal outer membrane (OM) proteins present in outer membrane vesicles (OMV) in which toxic lipopolysaccharide is depleted by detergent extraction. Knowledge of the composition of OM and OMV is essential for developing new meningococcal vaccines based on defined antigens. In the current study, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and nanocapillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to investigate the proteomes of OM and OMV from meningococcal strain MC58 and OM from a lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutant. The analysis of OM revealed a composition that was much more complex than the composition that has been reported previously; a total of 236 proteins were identified, only 6.4% of which were predicted to be located in the outer membrane. The most abundant proteins included not only the well-established major OM proteins (PorA, PorB, Opc, Rmp, and Opa) but also other proteins, such as pilus-associated protein Q (PilQ) and a putative macrophage infectivity protein. All of these proteins were also present in OMV obtained by extraction of the OM with deoxycholate. There were markedly increased levels of some additional proteins in OM from the lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutant, including enzymes that contribute to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In all the preparations, the proteins not predicted to have an OM location were predominantly periplasmic or cytoplasmic or had an unknown location, and relatively few cytoplasmic membrane proteins were detected. However, several proteins that have previously been identified as potential vaccine candidates were not detected in either OM preparations or in OMV. These results have important implications for the development and use of vaccines based on outer membrane proteins.
Interactions of Bacteroides gingivalis with fibrinogen

Results of previous studies from our laboratory have shown that a strain of Bacteroides intermedius isolated originally from a patient with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis binds and degrades human fibrinogen (M.S. Lantz, L.M. Switalski, K.S. Kornman, and M. Hook, J. Bacteriol. 163:623-628, 1985). We report that strains of Bacteroides gingivalis, an organism implicated in the etiology of several forms of periodontitis, also bind and degrade fibrinogen. The binding is rapid, reversible, saturable, and specific. The number of fibrinogen-binding sites per cell varies from 500 to 1,500 in different batches of bacteria, and the dissociation constant for the complex is on the order of 10(-8) M. B. gingivalis possesses cell-associated fibrinogenolytic activity that is activated by dithiothreitol and blocked by thiol protease inhibitors. Interaction with fibrinogen may mediate colonization and establishment of these organisms in the periodontal microbiota.
The Application Research on Web Log Mining in E-Marketing

If there is no effective data management and analysis, the great growing mass of data in the Web will become "data grave". This paper analyzes the importance of Web log mining in the E-Marketing, expounds the usual algorithms of the Web log mining and its applications in E-marking, and finally gives the method to realize personalized recommendation. It points out the great commercial value of Web log mining in the E-Marketing and its broad application prospects.
Functional Analysis of Three Arabidopsis ARGONAUTES Using Slicer-Defective Mutants[W][OA]

Wild-type and active-site defective forms of several Arabidopsis thaliana ARGONAUTE proteins involved in posttranscriptional silencing were used to examine several ARGONAUTE functions, including small RNA binding, interaction with target RNA, slicing or destabilization of target RNA, secondary siRNA formation, and antiviral activity. In RNA-directed silencing pathways, ternary complexes result from small RNA-guided ARGONAUTE (AGO) associating with target transcripts. Target transcripts are often silenced through direct cleavage (slicing), destabilization through slicer-independent turnover mechanisms, and translational repression. Here, wild-type and active-site defective forms of several Arabidopsis thaliana AGO proteins involved in posttranscriptional silencing were used to examine several AGO functions, including small RNA binding, interaction with target RNA, slicing or destabilization of target RNA, secondary small interfering RNA formation, and antiviral activity. Complementation analyses in ago mutant plants revealed that the catalytic residues of AGO1, AGO2, and AGO7 are required to restore the defects of Arabidopsis ago1-25, ago2-1, and zip-1 (AGO7-defective) mutants, respectively. AGO2 had slicer activity in transient assays but could not trigger secondary small interfering RNA biogenesis, and catalytically active AGO2 was necessary for local and systemic antiviral activity against Turnip mosaic virus. Slicer-defective AGOs associated with miRNAs and stabilized AGO-miRNA-target RNA ternary complexes in individual target coimmunoprecipitation assays. In genome-wide AGO-miRNA-target RNA coimmunoprecipitation experiments, slicer-defective AGO1-miRNA associated with target RNA more effectively than did wild-type AGO1-miRNA. These data not only reveal functional roles for AGO1, AGO2, and AGO7 slicer activity, but also indicate an approach to capture ternary complexes more efficiently for genome-wide analyses.
Terapia breve centrada en la solución como modelo de terapia familiar de toxicómanos

El modelo de Terapia Breve Centrada en la Solucion presenta aspectos muy interesantes y utiles para el trabajo con los toxicomanos y sus familias. Las estrategias de enganche, haciendo propias las metas del paciente, estimulando la cooperacion con los aspectos positivos y centrando la atencion sobre modelos ligados a la solucion mas que al problema, hacen que este se sienta inmediatamente protagonista de su cambio. Trabajar sobre los remedios, que se hacen aparecer a traves de las preguntas adecuadas, permite al paciente activar un proceso que puede llevarle a la solucion del problema. Todo esto crea una expectativa positiva para el futuro, muy util para todo el sistema familiar y tambien para los especialistas, que se protegen del riesgo de resignarse rapidamente frente al paciente no motivado. El articulo expone las preguntas que permiten al drogodependiente reflexionar sobre los recursos que posee y motivarse para el cambio.
Estimation of Patient Accrual Rates in Clinical Trials Based on Routine Data from Hospital Information Systems

Summary Background: Delayed patient recruitment is a common problem in clinical trials. According to the literature, only about a third of medical research studies recruit their planned number of patients within the time originally specified. Objectives: To provide a method to estimate patient accrual rates in clinical trials based on routine data from hospital information systems (HIS). Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for each trial, a specific HIS report is generated to list potential trial subjects. Because not all information relevant for assessment of patient eligibility is available as coded HIS items, a sample of this patient list is reviewed manually by study physicians. Proportions of matching and non-matching patients are analyzed with a Chi-squared test. An estimation formula for patient accrual rate is derived from this data. Results: The method is demonstrated with two datasets from cardiology and oncology. HIS reports should account for previous disease episodes and eliminate duplicate persons. Conclusion: HIS data in combination with manual chart review can be applied to estimate patient recruitment for clinical trials.
IVEE: Interesting video event extraction

The Video Exploitation and Novelty Understanding in Streams (VENUS) system is a complete software solution for video surveillance, which consists of motion detection, motion tracking, novel event detection, missed expected event detection, object recognition, scene description, and database mining. This research focuses on the assignment of degrees of interest for events in motion and at rest for the VENUS system. The Interesting Video Event Extraction (IVEE) system is the second module in the processing pipeline of the VENUS system. The novel features of the IVEE system include the ability to assign a degree of interest to an event, to develop a representation of the weekly activities from the input video stream, and to detect when an expected event did not occur. The IVEE system maintains independence through self-learning and without the aid of human intervention to understand the difference between normal and abnormal behaviors.
Temperature Dependence of Electrocommunication Signals and Their Underlying Neural Rhythms in the Weakly Electric Fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus

Weakly electric fish emit an electric communication signal that is controlled by a highly specialized neural circuit. In Apteronotus, the continuous electric organ discharge (EOD) is generated by electrotonically coupled neurons in the hindbrain pacemaker nucleus, and transient EOD modulations involve chemical synapses from descending midbrain and thalamic prepacemaker nuclei. We characterized the effects of temperature change (18–32°C) on both the continuous EOD and EOD modulations, chirps, in A. leptorhynchus. EOD frequency was linearly related to temperature (Q10=1.62). By contrast, the temperature dependence of EOD amplitude changed with temperature. Amplitude increased steeply with temperature below 25°C (Q10=2.0), but increased only gradually above 25°C (Q10=1.15). EOD waveform, and consequently harmonic content, was also affected by temperature. The amplitude of the second harmonic was relatively high at both low and high temperature and relatively low at intermediate temperatures. The amplitude of the third harmonic increased monotonically with temperature. Thus, temperature has qualitative as well as quantitative effects on the production of the EOD. Chirp rate (Q10=3.2) had a higher temperature dependence than that of the continuous EOD, which likely reflects its reliance on chemical rather than electrotonic synapses. In vitro pacemaker firing frequency had a similar, but slightly higher Q10 (1.82) than that of the EOD frequency.
CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES IN TURKISH AND AMERICAN SPEECH COMMUNITIES: A SCHOOL SETTING

Conflicts in communication are very common in every culture. However, resolving them varies from one culture to another. Conflict management strategies in communication revolve around five solutions collaboration, compromise, avoidance, competition, and accomodation as stated by Kilman (1977). This study attempts to explore ways of terminating verbal conflicts in academic settings. In the study, first, we aim to evaluate the ways of solving conflicts in two settings: a Turkish and an American University. Secondly, taking a pragmatic perspective, a classification of speech acts used to end conflicts is targeted according to both Killman’s strategies and a facework analysis. specifically, it is aimed to investigate: generally how Turkish and American speakers end conflicts in discourse and which strategies they use in order to resolve conflicts how “face” is reflected in those speech acts as categorized by Ting Toomey (1988, 1992). any differences between Turkish and American speakers styles any changes in conflict resolution due to power status in both cultures. Results are valuable in that they add up to the knowledge about intercultural pragmatic language use and cultural cognitions. Moreover, as the research aims to reveal basic verbal and behavioural differences between two communities, it is likely to contribute to intercultural understanding.
Construction of Thai Lexicon from Existing Dictionaries and Texts on the Web

A lexicon is an important linguistic resource needed for both shallow and deep language processing. Currently, there are few machine-readable Thai dictionaries available, and most of them do not satisfy the computational requirements. This paper presents the design of a Thai lexicon named the TCL's Computational Lexicon (TCLLEX) and proposes a method to construct a large-scale Thai lexicon by re-using two existing dictionaries and a large number of texts on the Internet. In addition to morphological, syntactic, semantic case role and logical information in the existing dictionaries, a sort of semantic constraint called selectional preference is automatically acquired by analyzing Thai texts on the web and then added into the lexicon. In the acquisition process of the selectional preferences, the so-called Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) is applied as the measure in a tree cut model. The experiments are done to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of obtained selection preferences.
Classification of race and ethnicity: implications for public health.

Emerging methods in the measurement of race and ethnicity have important implications for the field of public health. Traditionally, information on race and/or ethnicity has been integral to our understanding of the health issues affecting the U.S. population. We review some of the complexities created by new classification approaches made possible by the inclusion of multiple-race assessment in the U.S. Census and large health surveys. We discuss the importance of these classification decisions in understanding racial/ethnic health and health care access disparities. The trend toward increasing racial and ethnic diversity in the United States will put further pressure on the public health industry to develop consistent and useful approaches to racial/ethnic classifications.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Oryza Sativa Rice by Sour Lemon Peel as Bio-Sorbent

Nowadays scientific approach has been diverted towards the biomaterials which are byproducts or the wastes from large scale industrial operations and agricultural waste materials or even vegetable and food processing wastes. The current study was designed for utilization of sour lemon peel as less expensive and much frequently available food waste materials due to prospective metal bio-sorption capacity to toxic heavy metal ions: Nickel, Cadmium and Lead from Oryza Sativa rice from Astaneh Ashrafieh, Gillan province in the north of Iran. The effect of soaking rinsed rice samples by NaCl and modified sour lemon peel adsorbent by different concentration, pH, contact time and percentage of adsorbent and association of cooking methods on Nickel, Cadmium and Lead contents were studied. Heavy metal contents in raw, rinsed, soaked by adsorbent and cooked and drained rice samples were determined by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer. It was found that cooking rice by soaking rinsed rice samples by NaCl 2% and sour lemon peel modified by phosphoric acid 1% at least for 1 hours had the greatest effect (significantly affect p<0.001) with regards to lowering Pb and Cd levels in cooked rice. Specifically, it preferentially reduced the Cadmium content by 96.4 %, Nickel content by 67.9% and Lead content by 90.11% from the raw rice, when combined with rinse washing and being soaked by salt for one hour contact time. The results of current study reveal that sour lemon peel as citrus byproducts represent a great potential for use as substrates in biotechnological processes.