Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Certain Malvaceae Plants Have a Unique Accumulation of myo-Inositol 1,2,4,5,6-Pentakisphosphate

Methods used to quantify inositol phosphates in seeds lack the sensitivity and specificity necessary to accurately detect the lower concentrations of these compounds contained in the leaves of many plants. In order to measure inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) and inositol pentakisphosphate (InsP5) levels in leaves of different plants, a method was developed to concentrate and pre-purify these compounds prior to analysis. Inositol phosphates were extracted from leaves with diluted HCl and concentrated on small anion exchange columns. Reversed-phase solid phase extraction cartridges were used to remove compounds that give peaks that sometimes interfere during HPLC. The method permitted the determination of InsP6 and InsP5 concentrations in leaves as low as 10 µM and 2 µM, respectively. Most plants analyzed contained a high ratio of InsP6 to InsP5. In contrast, certain members of the Malvaceae family, such as cotton (Gossypium) and some hibiscus (Hibiscus) species, had a preponderance of InsP5. Radiolabeling of cotton seedlings also showed increased amounts of InsP5 relative to InsP6. Why some Malvaceae species exhibit a reversal of the typical ratios of these inositol phosphates is an intriguing question for future research.
THE X-Y-Z SCHEME OF IMMUNOCYTE MATURATION

A set of conditions has been described under which primed rabbit lymph nodes produce a secondary antibody response upon in vivo stimulation with a large dose of antigen, but are subsequently "exhausted;" that is, lymph node cultures prepared at intervals following the booster injection cannot be re-stimulated to display tertiary responses. Rabbits given 100-fold less antigen in the booster inoculum were able to give a tertiary response upon in vitro challenge. The system used permits neither induction nor continuation of a primary response to BSA in vitro. Since it could be demonstrated that no memory cells were generated by the booster injection within the intervals between in vivo injection and culture, the tertiary response in nonexhausted nodes must have been due to residual memory cells which remained untriggered by the in vivo booster injection. The unresponsive state was not caused by antibody feedback. These results are interpreted to mean that a population of memory cells can be exhausted by a supraoptimal dose of antigen, rendering the node temporarily incapable of further response. This implies that long-lived memory is not due to asymmetric division of memory cells. The source and fate of memory cells is discussed with regard to this evidence.
Cytokines interleukin 5 and GM-CSF in the BAL fluid of lung transplant patients.

Our previous study in CHEST (November 1997)1 reported that there are detectable and increased levels of cytotoxic eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in the BAL fluid of lung transplant patients with acute allograft rejection, bacterial infection, or cytomegalovirus disease, compared with well, disease-free lung transplant recipients. One possible mecha¬ nism of the activation of eosinophils during lung allograft disease may involve the induction of ECP release under
Production of Stress Retraction by Left- and Right-Hemisphere-Damaged Patients

An acoustic-perceptual investigation of a phonological phenomenon in which stress is retracted in double-stressed words (e.g., thirTEEN vs THIRteen MEN) was undertaken to identify the locus of functional impairments in speech prosody. Subjects included left-hemisphere-damaged (LHD) and right-hemisphere-damaged (RHD) patients and nonneurological controls. They were instructed to read sentences containing double-stressed target words in the presence of a clause boundary or its absence. Whereas all three groups of subjects were capable of manipulating the acoustic parameters that signal a shift in stress, there were some differences between the performance of the patient groups and that of the normal controls. Further, stress production deficits were more severe in LHD aphasic patients than in RHD patients. LHD speakers exhibited deficits in the control of both temporal and F0 cues. Their F0 disturbance appears to be secondary to a primary deficit in temporal control at the phase or sentence level, as an increased number of continuation rises found for the LHD patients seemed to arise from lengthy pauses within sentences. Findings are highlighted to address the nature of breakdown in speech prosody and the competing views of prosodic lateralization.
Multichannel DC-DC Converter's Efficiency Optimisation by variable Number of active Channels

In the context of energy storage with supercapacitors, the so called round trip efficiency is an important factor that can be strongly affected by the characteristics or performances of the used converter. This paper presents a dedicated DC-DC converter, where the design and control are the result of considerations on energy efficiency. The analysis of the efficiency shows that an optimal operation can be defined where the typical losses at low power of a given structure can be avoided by using an adapted number of active channels in a multichannel structure. A so called graduated control automatically adapts the number of used channels to the power level, assuming that each channel is operated at its maximum efficiency. Based on an analysis of the efficiency of the classical buck converter, a well adapted number of channels has been selected, and the control strategy has been defined. The paper presents results of simulation where the completed system is in operation
Self-reported health bias: The role of daily affective valence and arousal

Objective : The present study addresses gaps in the literature on affect-biased health perceptions by (a) investigating health bias while considering both valence and arousal components of affect; (b) establishing the presence of, and variability in, affective health bias at the daily level; and (c) exploring daily health bias in a non-clinical, community sample of adults. Design : Participants were 477 adults (aged 33–80 years) who reported daily health events, health satisfaction and affect for up to 56 days. Health bias was present when the effect of a given day’s health events on that day’s health satisfaction was significantly moderated by that day’s affect. Multilevel modelling was used to investigate fixed and random within-day effects. Main Outcome Measure : Daily health satisfaction. Results : Significant interaction effects indicated the presence of health bias on the daily level: positively valenced affect buffered the negative impact of health events on health satisfaction, whereas negatively valenced affect exacerbated this association; additionally, valence emerged as the most salient characteristic of positive affect, whereas arousal was a differentiating factor for negative affect. Conclusion : The results provide evidence that both valence and arousal components of affect are important to consider when investigating day-level health bias, and that these effects can be detected using a general population of adults.
1 Performance Evaluation of Academic Libraries Implementation Model

This paper describes an action model to measure the performance of libraries. The proposed model is based in the CAF – Common Assessment Framework, the Balanced Scorecard and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The recommended performance indicators are based in the ISO 11620:1998, Adm1:2003 and ISO 2789:2003. The relative weights for each performance measure are calculated using the AHP. The AHP computes the weights of the performance measures in two steps: • Comparing (pairwise) the performance measures under each criterion; • Comparing (pairwise) the major criteria of the proposed model. The main purpose of this model is to improve the performance of libraries and to develop benchmarking techniques. The model was tested using the opinion of ten university librarians. According to the data, the most important criteria, by decreasing order of importance, are: customer satisfaction, impact on society, leadership and financial perspective.
Curvelet transform based moving object segmentation

In this paper, we have proposed a new method for segmentation of moving objects, which is based on single change detection applied on curvelet coefficients of two consecutive frames. The wavelet transform is widely used in moving object segmentation but it can not describe curve discontinuities. Therefore we have used curvelet transform for segmentation of moving objects. The proposed method is simple and does not require any other parameter except curvelet coefficients. Results after applying the proposed method for segmentation of moving object are compared with other state-of-the-art methods in terms of visual as well as quantitative performance measures viz. Misclassification penalty, Relative position based measure and Structural content. The proposed method is found to be better than other methods.
Expression of transforming growth factor-beta in the rat ventral prostate during castration-induced programmed cell death.

Castration-induced androgen deprivation leads to the activation of the programmed death of the androgen-dependent prostatic epithelial cells in the rat ventral prostate. In order to identify potential mediators of this programmed cell death, the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) in the rat ventral prostate was studied, after castration induced-androgen withdrawal. Steady state levels of TGF beta mRNA were determined by Northern blot analysis and compared with mRNA levels for prostatein C3, the major androgen-dependent secretory protein of ventral prostate and also with mRNA levels for TRPM-2, a gene that is specifically expressed during castration induced prostatic cell death. Within the first day after castration there was a dramatic increase in the levels of TGF beta mRNA in the ventral prostate (approximately 10-fold) and by 4 days after castration TGF beta mRNA was maximally expressed (approximately 40-fold increase), by which time the androgen-dependent C3 secretory protein mRNA transcripts have diminished to undetectable levels. Androgen administration to 4-day castrated rats led to a marked decrease in TGF beta mRNA to a level comparable to its constitutive expression obtained in the intact control animals, indicating that expression of TGF beta in the rat ventral prostate is under negative androgenic regulation. The transcript levels encoding TRPM-2 initially increased 10-fold within the first day after castration and by day 4 post castration there was a dramatic increase (approximately 50-fold) which correlated well with the maximal rate of cell death of the androgen-dependent prostatic epithelial cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dedicated Return Channel for ATSC 3.0

To support emerging interactive services, a consensus to include an optional, in-band dedicated return channel (DRC) for the next-generation terrestrial broadcast system (ATSC3.0) has been reached. This paper introduces the design of DRC as well as several implementation concerns. First, the network architecture, link budget, and radiation feature of DRC are described in detail. Then the requirements and detailed design of both the physical layer and the MAC layer of DRC are presented respectively. Meanwhile, the performance of DRC is evaluated and comparisons with typical techniques are carried out in terms of bit error rate, access probability, resource utilization, etc. Furthermore, the cooperation between downlink broadcast and DRC is analyzed.
Information Transmission Under Competition 1

I examine the incentive to innovate when doing so reveals information private information to competitors. Will an informed player stay out of a market because revealing information convinces a competitor to enter the same market? Using a model where entry timing is endogenous, I demonstrate that if the quality of information is known, then there is always an equilibrium where the informed player enters. Only under poor quality levels of information will an uninformed player enter when the informed firm does not. I demonstrate that if instead the quality of the information is private, then the uninformed firm can become a market leader. 1 I would like to thank Steve Tadelis for all his support and guidance and Susan Athey for helpful advice at crucial times.
An Efficient Online/Offline Signcryption Scheme for MANET

An efficient online/offline signcryption scheme based on elliptic curve for MANET is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme takes lower computation and communication cost, since most of computations are carried out offline and online part is very efficient. It not only provides the security properties of confidentiality, authentication, integrity, forward secrecy of message confidentiality and secure against man-in-the-middle attacks, but also solves the key distribution problem using a node own private key and then generates a session key without the certificate authority(CA). Our scheme is especially suitable for MANET because the online computation part is very efficient and does not need a pre-existing certification authority. Empirical studies are conducted using GloMoSim to evaluate the effectiveness of our scheme. The simulation results show that the scheme is efficient in terms of cost and overhead.
Modeling image patches with a directed hierarchy of Markov random fields

We describe an efficient learning procedure for multilayer generative models that combine the best aspects of Markov random fields and deep, directed belief nets. The generative models can be learned one layer at a time and when learning is complete they have a very fast inference procedure for computing a good approximation to the posterior distribution in all of the hidden layers. Each hidden layer has its own MRF whose energy function is modulated by the top-down directed connections from the layer above. To generate from the model, each layer in turn must settle to equilibrium given its top-down input. We show that this type of model is good at capturing the statistics of patches of natural images.
The UMO (Underwater Moving Object) Firmware Design and Implementation Based on Underwater Acoustic Communication

UMO (Underwater Moving Object) based on underwater acoustic communication can be useful for underwater environment observation, catastrophe prevention, ocean resources exploration, ocean organism research, vessel sinking exploration, and etc. But, for controlling the UMO underwater acoustic communication has constraints due to limited transmission capacity, propagation delay, a lot of collisions occurred by multi-path propagation and of course, battery changing impossibility. So, it is essential to develop the firmware which will consider above-mentioned underwater acoustic communication limitations. In this paper, we consider constraints and problems of underwater acoustic communication. Recently years, we have constructed adaptive simplex communication firmware and we have upgraded it with half-duplex communication firmware. We have also built the test-bed theoretically similar to real underwater environment for real implementation and data monitoring which was gathered by the sensors.
Consumer ‘ s Trust in using E-Commerce Websites

E-commerce plays a very important role in today’s world especially in the trading business such as in an online shopping business. For an Internet business to succeed, sellers have to gain consumer’s trust. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework on what is trust based on and how decision is made by a consumer when purchasing products from a website and the risk a consumer perceives while making online transactions. Several studies were made based on how trust and risk in e-commerce correlate with each other. One of the issues which are of most concern is privacy which is related to security of online transactions based on consumer’s trust. In this paper, the findings also show that consumer’s trust is negatively related to perceived risk where trust acts as an antecedent for the risk. Keywords—E-commerce, B2C, trust, consumer, consumer risk, hypothesis, perceived, privacy
p-Cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate induce similar cellular inflammatory gene expressions in cultured proximal renal tubular cells.

BACKGROUND p-Cresol sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) have important roles in the kidney injury. The aim of this study was to determine the inflammatory response to PCS and IS. METHODS Cultured mouse proximal renal tubular cells were treated with PCS or IS and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction array with an inflammation and immune panel. Gene annotation enrichment and functional annotation clustering were analyzed with the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Functional networks of the target genes were analyzed with the algorithm GeneMANIA. RESULTS PCS and IS increased the expression of inflammation associated genes. Sixteen upregulated gene clusters of cells treated with PCS or IS were found. The major cytokines in the functional networks generated by PCS or IS treatment were Tgfb1, Fasl, Il6/15, Il15, Csf1/3 and Cxcl10. The major intracellular signal triggered by PCS or IS included Stats, Smads, Nfkb2, Ikbkb, Bcl2 and Bax. In both PCS- and IS-treated cells, Col4a5, Cxc10, Fasl, Stat1 and Ikbkb were the target genes in the predicted molecular functional networks connected to Tgfb1. CONCLUSIONS PCS and IS stimulate significant cellular inflammation. Similar immune and cellular inflammatory responses were induced by PCS or IS on cultured proximal renal tubular cells.
Pain in the patient with burns

Thermal injury can be one of the most painful and disfiguring forms of trauma, as it affects the skin, the largest and most visible organ. The National Burn Care Review (British Burn Association, 2001) determined that as many as 500,000 people suffer a burn injury each year in the UK. Most are minor. Around 13,000 people, of which 45% are children, are admitted to hospital; only a small proportion have severe injuries requiring resuscitation. Burns anaesthesia and, when required, intensive care can form a significant part of the anaesthetic workload in the hospital with a burn centre. An appreciation of analgesia management related to the pathophysiology of the burn is also important, and the role of the anaesthetist in supporting analgesia for burn patients is crucial. The generalist anaesthetist cannot escape entirely, as patients with burns present initially at local hospitals; the early management of pain can have a significant impact on the pain experience thereafter.
MIMO Configuration Scheme With Spatial Multiplexing And QPSK Modulation

Wireless communication has shown tremendous increase in capacity due to the easy handling and portability. Multiple Inputs Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have recently emerged as a key technology in wireless communication systems for increasing both data rates and system performance. There are many schemes that can be applied to MIMO systems such as space time block codes, space time trellis codes, and the Vertical Bell Labs Space-Time Architecture (V-BLAST) and Spatial Multiplexing technique. This paper proposes a signal detector scheme called MIMO detectors to enhance the performance in MIMO channels. We study the general MIMO system, the Spatial Multiplexing with Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Minimum MeanSquare Error (MMSE) detectors and simulate this structure in Rayleigh fading channel and with AWGN. Also compares the performance of MIMO system with QPSK modulation technique in considered fading channels. The simulations shown that Spatial Multiplexing performs in the same way as V-BLAST algorithm and provides optimal ordering to improve the performance with lower complexity. Although ML receiver appears to have the best BER performance, Spatial Multiplexing achieves Bit error rates close to the ML scheme while retaining the low-complexity.
Reducing the moisture sensitivity of linear friction welded birch (Betula pendula L.) wood through thermal modification1

Linear friction welding of wood is a bonding process applied to wood and during which a stiff bond line is formed by the softening and rehardening of wood components to form a composite material composed mainly of wood fibres embedded in a modified lignin matrix. Unfortunately, the bonds tend to spontaneously delaminate or lose their strength when exposed to moist conditions. Some approaches were previously applied to overcome this problem, but so far a suitable solution has not been found. This paper presents results of applying post-welding thermal modification to reduce the moisture sensitivity of welded wood. The experiments included welding of birch wood, thermal modification under superheated steam at atmospheric pressure, internal bond (IB) and tensile-shear strength testing and soaking tests. As supposed, the non-modified reference specimens performed poorly after the seven days soaking test (on average 0.33 MPa IB strength), whereas the thermally modified specimens yielded almost the same IB strength in dry and wet condition (on average e.g. 1.15 and 0.93 MPa, respectively). Such a similar load bearing capacity in very different moisture conditions was previously reported only in the case of paduk wood. Similar to the reduction of IB strength occurred during the soaking test, also delamination was observed more clearly in non-modified reference specimens (e.g. 4 vs. 0 total delaminations after seven days soaking). Therefore, the authors suggest that post-welding thermal modification could provide a suitable bond-stabilisation method against moisture, although the process parameters must be optimised in further research, for instance, to ensure scalability.
Automatic Acquisition of Huge Training Data for Bio-Medical Named Entity Recognition

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important first step for BioNLP tasks, e.g., gene normalization and event extraction. Employing supervised machine learning techniques for achieving high performance recent NER systems require a manually annotated corpus in which every mention of the desired semantic types in a text is annotated. However, great amounts of human effort is necessary to build and maintain an annotated corpus. This study explores a method to build a high-performance NER without a manually annotated corpus, but using a comprehensible lexical database that stores numerous expressions of semantic types and with huge amount of unannotated texts. We underscore the effectiveness of our approach by comparing the performance of NERs trained on an automatically acquired training data and on a manually annotated corpus.