Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of London and for the

In this project we provide a survey of research aiming to develop the next generation of intelligent sensor networks – decentralised, self configuring and self managing – such networks represent the future of ubiquitous and pervasive computing. Sensors that seamlessly integrate with their environment – and act “intelligently” without the need for a central point of control will revolutionise the way we think about, and the way we interact with computers. To this end I present a distributed scheme for error detection which enables sensors to determine themselves whether or not they may be delivering faulty temperature readings. This scheme is simulated in real time with sixteen sensors installed in the server room at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College London. Additionally, we visualize the temperature data and evaluate the effectiveness of the current air conditioning installation.
Acquiring a Poor Man’s Inflectional Lexicon for German

Many NLP modules and applications require the availability of a module for wide-coverage inflectional analysis. One way to obtain such analyses is to use a morphological analyser in combination with an inflectional lexicon. Since large text corpora nowadays are easily available and inflectional systems are in general well understood, it seems feasible to acquire lexical data from raw texts, guided by our knowledge of inflection. I present an acquisition method along these lines for German. The general idea can be roughly summarised as follows: first, generate a set of lexical entry hypotheses for each word-form in the corpus; then, select hypotheses that explain the word-forms found in the corpus best. To this end, I have turned an existing morphological grammar, cast in finite-state technology (Schmid et al. 2004), into a hypothesiser for lexical entries. Irregular forms are simply listed so that they do not interfere with the regular rules used in the hypothesiser. Running the hypothesiser on a text corpus yields a large number of lexical entry hypotheses. These are then ranked according to their validity with the help of a statistical model that is based on the number of attested and predicted word forms for each hypothesis.
Wavelet synopses with error guarantees

Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of the wavelet decomposition in reducing large amounts of data to compact sets of wavelet coefficients (termed "wavelet synopses") that can be used to provide fast and reasonably accurate approximate answers to queries. A major criticism of such techniques is that unlike, for example, random sampling, conventional wavelet synopses do not provide informative error guarantees on the accuracy of individual approximate answers. In fact, as this paper demonstrates, errors can vary widely (without bound) and unpredictably, even for identical queries on nearly-identical values in distinct parts of the data. This lack of error guarantees severely limits the practicality of traditional wavelets as an approximate query-processing tool, because users have no idea of the quality of any particular approximate answer. In this paper, we introduce Probabilistic Wavelet Synopses, the first wavelet-based data reduction technique with guarantees on the accuracy of individual approximate answers. Whereas earlier approaches rely on deterministic thresholding for selecting a set of "good" wavelet coefficients, our technique is based on a novel, probabilistic thresholding scheme that assigns each coefficient a probability of being retained based on its importance to the reconstruction of individual data values, and then flips coins to select the synopsis. We show how our scheme avoids the above pitfalls of deterministic thresholding, providing highly-accurate answers for individual data values in a data vector. We propose several novel optimization algorithms for tuning our probabilistic thresholding scheme to minimize desired error metrics. Experimental results on real-world and synthetic data sets evaluate these algorithms, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our probabilistic wavelet synopses in providing fast, highly-accurate answers with error guarantees.
Crafting a future online: A study of how independent craftspeople adopt social media and web technologies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of how independent craftspeople adopt and use social media (SM) in order to promote their creative enterprise. However, some of these opportunities may place a demand for specific knowledge, business and technical skills on untrained artists. The purpose of this paper is to look into this emerging phenomena, the challenges and opportunities it presents and to propose solutions or recommendations to independent artists, training organisations, and government bodies who may wish to promote the creative industries.Design/methodology/approach – In order to identify different modes of adoption of SM and some of the related challenges within this domain, interviews were conducted with independent craftspeople in order to explore these topics and identify emergent themes. The research focuses on an ethnographic study through an interpretive lens; Habermas' theory of communicative action is drawn on to explore the adoption and use of technology.
Proteinuria, 99mTc-DTPA Scintigraphy, Creatinine-, Cystatin- and Combined-Based Equations in the Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease

Background. Precise estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the identification of markers of progression are important. We compared creatinine, cystatin, and combined CKD-EPI equations with 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy to measure GFR and proteinuria as markers of progression. Methods. Cross-sectional, observational study including 300 subjects. CKD was classified by 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy. Determinations. Creatinine, 24-hour creatinine clearance, cystatin, Hoek formula, and creatinine, cystatin, and combined CKD-EPI equations. Results. In the global assessment, creatinine CKD-EPI and combined CKD-EPI equations yielded the highest correlations with 99mTc-DTPA: ρ = 0.839, P < 0.0001 and ρ = 0.831, P < 0.0001. Intergroup analysis versus 99mTc-DTPA: control G, creatinine clearance ρ = 0.414, P = 0.013; G3, combined CKD-EPI ρ = 0.5317, P < 0.0001; G4, Hoek ρ = 0.618, P < 0.0001, combined CKD-EPI ρ = 0.4638, P < 0.0001; and G5, creatinine clearance ρ = 0.5414, P < 0.0001, combined CKD-EPI ρ = 0.5288, P < 0.0001. In the global assessment, proteinuria displayed the highest significant correlations with cystatin (ρ = 0.5433, P < 0.0001) and cystatin-based equations (Hoek: ρ = −0.5309, P < 0.0001). When GFR < 60 mL/min: in stage 3, proteinuria-cystatin (ρ = 0.4341, P < 0.0001); proteinuria-Hoek (ρ = −0.4105, P < 0.0001); in stage 4, proteinuria-cystatin (ρ = 0.4877, P < 0.0001); proteinuria-Hoek (ρ = −0.4877, P = 0.0026). Conclusions. At every stage of GFR < 60 mL/min, cystatin-based equations displayed better correlations with 99mTc-DTPA. Proteinuria and cystatin-based equations showed strong associations and high degrees of correlation.
A Molecular Phylogeny of Living Primates

Comparative genomic analyses of primates offer considerable potential to define and understand the processes that mold, shape, and transform the human genome. However, primate taxonomy is both complex and controversial, with marginal unifying consensus of the evolutionary hierarchy of extant primate species. Here we provide new genomic sequence (∼8 Mb) from 186 primates representing 61 (∼90%) of the described genera, and we include outgroup species from Dermoptera, Scandentia, and Lagomorpha. The resultant phylogeny is exceptionally robust and illuminates events in primate evolution from ancient to recent, clarifying numerous taxonomic controversies and providing new data on human evolution. Ongoing speciation, reticulate evolution, ancient relic lineages, unequal rates of evolution, and disparate distributions of insertions/deletions among the reconstructed primate lineages are uncovered. Our resolution of the primate phylogeny provides an essential evolutionary framework with far-reaching applications including: human selection and adaptation, global emergence of zoonotic diseases, mammalian comparative genomics, primate taxonomy, and conservation of endangered species.
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, which may lead to bleeding, is typically caused by antibodies directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. Since the management of the disorder is different for children and adults, the authors of this up-to-date review provide separate sections on the two age groups. Along with advances in management, they also discuss the current understanding of pathophysiology and, in particular, the way in which autoantibodies against platelets are generated.
A field study with primary school children on perception of social presence and interactive behavior with a pet robot

This paper presents a study on (1) how children experience a pet robot, (2) how they play with it and (3) how children's perceptions on and interaction with pet robots are interrelated. The study features different types of subjective and objective techniques to assess the degree of perceived social entity from self-reports (i.e. questionnaires) and observed behavior. Three short questionnaires and an ad hoc code scheme of 15 low-level micro-behaviors were developed. 28 scholars aged 8 to 12 were observed at school during a play period with a Pleo robot and asked to answer the questionnaires. We found that the different questionnaire based methods were in line each other. Therefore, anyone of them can be used to measure the experience of a social entity. Play analyses showed that the two most prevalent behaviors were clearly social: petting the robot and showing it objects to engage in interaction. Moreover, children spent on average less than one per cent of the session time treating the robot as an artifact. However, significant covariation between the experience of a social entity and observed behavior could not be established.
Estimating age-specific trends in circulating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in males and females across the lifespan

Background Age-specific trends of serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin across the full lifespan have not been reported. Methods We deduced age-specific trends in serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in males and females between ages 10 and 90 from a large sample of consecutive results from a single large pathology laboratory. Coded results of 110,712 consecutive blood samples requesting serum testosterone over seven years (2007–2013) comprising blood testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and calculated free testosterone together with gender and age were analysed create smoothed age-specific centiles (2.5%, 5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 95%, 97.5%) for males and females. Results These identified the pubertal increases in serum testosterone in males peaking at 20 years of age and remaining stable thereafter until the eighth decade. In females, circulating testosterone peaked in late adolescence and declined gradually over the next two decades but remained stable across menopause and beyond. After early childhood, serum sex hormone-binding globulin declines to a nadir in males at the age of 20 years and remains stable till the sixth decade with a gradual, progressive rise thereafter. In females, the sex hormone-binding globulin nadir is reached earlier with levels rising gradually and progressively with age thereafter and accelerating after the age of 70 years. Females also exhibit a second sex hormone-binding globulin peak during reproductive ages reflected only in upper centiles due to effects of pregnancy and oral contraceptive use in a significant minority of females. Conclusions This large sample of clinical data provides a comprehensive profile of androgen status across the lifespan from early adolescence to late old age.
Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions with Crizotinib as the CYP3A Substrate Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model

An orally available multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib (Xalkori), is a CYP3A substrate, moderate time-dependent inhibitor, and weak inducer. The main objectives of the present study were to: 1) develop and refine a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of crizotinib on the basis of clinical single- and multiple-dose results, 2) verify the crizotinib PBPK model from crizotinib single-dose drug-drug interaction (DDI) results with multiple-dose coadministration of ketoconazole or rifampin, and 3) apply the crizotinib PBPK model to predict crizotinib multiple-dose DDI outcomes. We also focused on gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms mediating crizotinib DDIs using a dynamic PBPK model, the Simcyp population-based simulator. First, PBPK model–predicted crizotinib exposures adequately matched clinically observed results in the single- and multiple-dose studies. Second, the model-predicted crizotinib exposures sufficiently matched clinically observed results in the crizotinib single-dose DDI studies with ketoconazole or rifampin, resulting in the reasonably predicted fold-increases in crizotinib exposures. Finally, the predicted fold-increases in crizotinib exposures in the multiple-dose DDI studies were roughly comparable to those in the single-dose DDI studies, suggesting that the effects of crizotinib CYP3A time-dependent inhibition (net inhibition) on the multiple-dose DDI outcomes would be negligible. Therefore, crizotinib dose-adjustment in the multiple-dose DDI studies could be made on the basis of currently available single-dose results. Overall, we believe that the crizotinib PBPK model developed, refined, and verified in the present study would adequately predict crizotinib oral exposures in other clinical studies, such as DDIs with weak/moderate CYP3A inhibitors/inducers and drug-disease interactions in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
Colorectal cancer in the elderly.

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Histogram-Based Dimensionality Reduction of Term Vector Space

One of the most vital problems of free-text document processing is the curse of dimensionality. The paper presents a dimensionality reduction algorithm based on informed feature selection. Terms describing the document are based on histogram-like statistics which can be computed as well as incrementally updated at low complexity. The document representation can adapt to changing document collection characteristics. Along with the fundamental concepts we present an empirical verification of the approach.
American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients.

PURPOSE To develop guidance to practicing oncologists about available fertility preservation methods and related issues in people treated for cancer. METHODS An expert panel and a writing committee were formed. The questions to be addressed by the guideline were determined, and a systematic review of the literature from 1987 to 2005 was performed, and included a search of online databases and consultation with content experts. RESULTS The literature review found many cohort studies, case series, and case reports, but relatively few randomized or definitive trials examining the success and impact of fertility preservation methods in people with cancer. Fertility preservation methods are used infrequently in people with cancer. RECOMMENDATIONS As part of education and informed consent before cancer therapy, oncologists should address the possibility of infertility with patients treated during their reproductive years and be prepared to discuss possible fertility preservation options or refer appropriate and interested patients to reproductive specialists. Clinician judgment should be employed in the timing of raising this issue, but discussion at the earliest possible opportunity is encouraged. Sperm and embryo cryopreservation are considered standard practice and are widely available; other available fertility preservation methods should be considered investigational and be performed in centers with the necessary expertise. CONCLUSION Fertility preservation is often possible in people undergoing treatment for cancer. To preserve the full range of options, fertility preservation approaches should be considered as early as possible during treatment planning.
Serologic Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Indian Women of Child Bearing Age and Effects of Social and Environmental Factors

Background Seroprevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis in women of child bearing age has remained a contentious issue in the Indian subcontinent. Different laboratories have used different patient recruitment criteria, methods and variable results, making these data difficult to compare. Aim To map the point-prevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis in India. Material and Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1464 women of fertile age were recruited from 4 regions using similar recruitment plans. This included women from northern (203), southern (512), eastern (250) and western (501) regions of India. All samples were transported to a central laboratory in Delhi and tested using VIDAS technology. Their age, parity, eating habits and other demographic and clinical details were noted. Results Most women were in the 18–25 years age group (48.3%), followed by 26–30 years (28.2%) and 31–35 years (13.66). Few (45) women older than 35 yr. were included. Overall prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies was seen in 22.40%, with significantly more in married women (25.8%) as compared to single women (4.3%). Prevalence increased steadily with age: 18.1% in the 18–25 yr. age group to 40.5% in women older than 40 yr. The prevalence was high (66%) in those who resided in mud houses. Region-wise, the highest prevalence was observed in South India (37.3%) and the lowest (8.8%) in West Indian women. This difference was highly significant (P<0.001). Prevalence was 21.2% in East India and 19.7% in North India. The IgM positivity rate ranged from 0.4% to 2.9% in four study centers. Conclusions This pan-India study shows a prevalence rate of 22.4% with a wide variation in four geographical regions ranging from as low as 8.8% to as high as 37.3%. The overall IgM positivity rate was 1.43%, indicating that an estimated 56,737–176,882 children per year are born in India with a possible risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.
Not Salt Taste Perception but Self-Reported Salt Eating Habit Predicts Actual Salt Intake

Excessive dietary salt intake is related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although dietary salt restriction is essential, it is difficult to achieve because of salt palatability. However, the association between salt perception or salt eating habit and actual salt intake remains uncertain. In this study, we recruited 74 healthy young individuals. We investigated their salt-eating habits by questionnaire and salt taste threshold through a rating scale that used serial dilution of a sodium chloride solution. Predicted 24-hr urinary salt excretions using Kawasaki's and Tanaka's equations estimated dietary salt intake. Participants' mean age was 35 yr, and 59.5% were male. Salt sense threshold did not show any relationship with actual salt intake and a salt-eating habit. However, those eating "salty" foods showed higher blood pressure (P for trend=0.048) and higher body mass index (BMI; P for trend=0.043). Moreover, a salty eating habit was a significant predictor for actual salt intake (regression coefficient [β] for Kawasaki's equation 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10-2.69, P=0.048; β for Tanaka's equation 0.66, 95% CI 0.01-1.31, P=0.047). In conclusion, a self-reported salt-eating habit, not salt taste threshold predicts actual salt intake. Graphical Abstract
Serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic parameter in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Baseline prognostic assessment in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) may help in the selection of treatment. High plasma levels of natriuretic peptide type B have been reported in patients with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and suggest poor prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). We prospectively assessed the correlation of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with echocardiographic and hemodynamic indexes of RV function as well as with baseline functional status and long-term survival of PH patients. PATIENTS AND DESIGN Fifty-five consecutive patients with a mean (+/- SD) age of 41 +/- 15 years and severe PH (including 36 patients with IPAH) were followed up for up to 36 months. Serum samples for NT-proBNP were secured, and 6-min walk test (6 MWT), RV catheterization, and echocardiography were all performed on the same day, before the introduction of targeted treatment. RESULTS The median baseline serum NT-proBNP concentration was 1,674 pg/mL (range, 51 to 10,951 pg/mL). NT-proBNP concentration correlated with 6MWT distance (r = 0.6; p < 0.001), cardiac index, pulmonary vascular resistance, and right atrial pressure (RAP), but not with pulmonary arterial pressure. NT-proBNP levels were also related to the ratio of the diastolic area of the RV and the LV, and to pericardial effusion during echocardiography. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified > or = 1,400 pg/mL as the best NT-proBNP threshold predicting fatal outcome for the entire study group as well as for IPAH patients (sensitivity, 88% and 100%, respectively; specificity, 53% and 56%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, NT-proBNP, troponin T, and RAP were identified as independent factors for poor prognosis for the entire study group, while only NT-proBNP and RAP were identified as markers for poor prognosis in the IPAH subgroup. CONCLUSIONS NT-proBNP level is related to the right heart morphology and dysfunction in PH patients. A serum NT-proBNP level of > or = 1,400 pg/mL was found to be useful in identifying patients with poor long-term prognosis both in the whole studied group and in the IPAH subgroup.
Improving phases segmentation in surgical workflow using topic model for visual motion words

In this paper, we present a robust method to improve the accuracy of phases segmentation problem in a specified surgical workflow (SW) by learning a topic model from the optical flow (OF) motion features of general working contexts, such as the medical staffs, equipments and materials. We have an awareness of such working contexts by capturing the SW with multiple synchronized cameras. The main problems of the previous method, which are the limitation of topics number, susceptibility to noise, and losing easily important features, were solved by using a foreground detection method, conducting new robust OF extraction method, and adopting k-means clustering to normalize the features. The robustness of our method is validated by conducting experiments of up to 12 phases SW with the average length of each SW is longer than 12 minutes. The max average accuracy achieved after applying leave-one-out cross-validation, is 91.5%, which is a very promising result.