Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rice UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase1 Is Essential for Pollen Callose Deposition and Its Cosuppression Results in a New Type of Thermosensitive Genic Male Sterility[W][OA]

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) catalyzes the reversible production of glucose-1-phosphate and UTP to UDP-glucose and pyrophosphate. The rice (Oryza sativa) genome contains two homologous UGPase genes, Ugp1 and Ugp2. We report a functional characterization of rice Ugp1, which is expressed throughout the plant, with highest expression in florets, especially in pollen during anther development. Ugp1 silencing by RNA interference or cosuppression results in male sterility. Expressing a double-stranded RNA interference construct in Ugp1-RI plants resulted in complete suppression of both Ugp1 and Ugp2, together with various pleiotropic developmental abnormalities, suggesting that UGPase plays critical roles in plant growth and development. More importantly, Ugp1-cosuppressing plants contained unprocessed intron-containing primary transcripts derived from transcription of the overexpression construct. These aberrant transcripts undergo temperature-sensitive splicing in florets, leading to a novel thermosensitive genic male sterility. Pollen mother cells (PMCs) of Ugp1-silenced plants appeared normal before meiosis, but during meiosis, normal callose deposition was disrupted. Consequently, the PMCs began to degenerate at the early meiosis stage, eventually resulting in complete pollen collapse. In addition, the degeneration of the tapetum and middle layer was inhibited. These results demonstrate that rice Ugp1 is required for callose deposition during PMC meiosis and bridges the apoplastic unloading pathway and pollen development.
Using direct mail to bridge “knowledge gaps” in communication about health

A field experiment with a pretest and post-test control group design was used to measure the effects of direct mail messages on awareness and knowledge of health and heart health information. The study was conducted as part of a larger community-wide heart disease risk factor reduction project. The major focus of the research was to analyze the relative effectiveness of direct mail in bridging certain “knowledge gaps” in health information among demographic subgroups. Generally, direct mail was found to be effective in getting people to read about heart health-specific information in a direct mail letter addressed to them. It also appeared to be effective in narrowing demographic “knowledge gaps” in health information occurring between men and women and between lower- and higher-educated subgroups.
COOPERATION LEARNING FOR BEHAVIOUR-BASED NEURAL-FUZZY CONTROLLER IN ROBOT NAVIGATION

Abstract Based on the previously proposed extended neural-fuzzy network, this paper presents a cooperation scheme of training data based learning and reinforcement learning for constructing sensor-based behaviour modules in robot navigation. In order to solve reinforcement learning problem, a reinforcement-based neural-fuzzy control system (RNFCS) is provided, which consists of a neural-fuzzy controller (NFC) and a neural-fuzzy predictor (NFP). By estimating the “desired output”, reinforcement learning is treated from the point of view of training data based learning. Computer simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of this method.
Variation in the Human Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Individuals

Background—Arterial stiffness is an important determinant of cardiovascular risk. Elastin is the main elastic component of the arterial wall and can be degraded by a number of enzymes including serine proteases and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Serum MMP-9 levels correlate with arterial stiffness and predict cardiovascular risk. Polymorphisms in the MMP-9 gene are also associated with large artery function in subjects with coronary artery disease. Therefore, we investigated the influence of known MMP-9 (−1562C>T, R279Q) polymorphisms on arterial stiffness in a large cohort of healthy individuals (n=865). Methods and Results—Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index were assessed. Supine blood pressure, biochemical markers, MMP-9 levels, and serum elastase activity (SEA) were also determined. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping performed. Aortic PWV, serum MMP-9, and SEA were higher in carriers of the rare alleles for the −1562C>T and R279Q polymorphisms. These polymorphisms were also associated with aortic PWV after correction for other confounding factors. Stepwise regression models with known or likely determinants of arterial stiffness revealed that ≈60% of the variability in aortic PWV was attributable to age, mean arterial pressure, and genetic variants (P<0.001). Conclusions—We have demonstrated for the first time that aortic stiffness and elastase activity are influenced by MMP-9 gene polymorphisms. This suggests that the genetic variation in this protein may be involved in the process of large artery stiffening.
Address Fragment-Compact Garbage Collection

A garbage collection algorithm. Address fragment-compact (AFC) is discussed in this paper. The algorithm is based on address sort-compact (ASC) algorithm. AFC algorithm operates in two stages: the object scanning stage and the heap compacting stage. During object scanning, the addresses of the live objects are added to the fragment ordered address queue without sorting, the addresses of the pointers pointing to the live objects are added to the deference set. In the compacting stage, the live objects are moved to the lower end of the heap in different ways according to their sizes. As AFC does not sort the addresses of the objects and updates the deference set in just one pass, it is more efficient than ASC. Test shows that the pause time of AFC is 30% up to 50% shorter than that of ASC while saves 50% to 60% memory compared with ASC.
Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification.

Three experiments investigated attentional and cognitive mechanisms in delay of gratification In each study preschool children could obtain a less preferred reward immediately or continue waiting indefinitely for a more preferred but delayed reward Experiment I compared the effects of external and cognitive distraction from the reward objects on the length of time which preschool children waited for the preferred delayed reward before forfeiting it for the sake of the less preferred immediate one. In accord with predictions from an extension of frustrative nonreward theory, children waited much longer for a preferred reward when they were distracted from the rewards than when they attended to them directly Experiment II demonstrated that only certain cognitive events (thinking "fun things") served as effective ideational distractors Thinking "sad thoughts" produced short delay times, as did thinking about the rewards themselves In Experiment III the delayed rewards were not physically available for direct attention during the delay period, and the children's attention to them cogmtively was manipulated by prior instructions While the children waited, cognitions about the rewards significantly reduced, rather than enhanced, the length of their delay of gratification Overall, attentional and cognitive mechanisms which enhanced the salience of the rewards shortened the length of voluntary delay, while distractions from the rewards, overtly or cogmtively, facilitated delay The results permit a remterpretatio n of basic mechanisms in voluntary delay of gratification and self-control
K-string tensions at finite temperature and integrable models

It has recently been pointed out that simple scaling properties of Polyakov correlation functions of gauge systems in the confining phase suggest that the ratios of k-string tensions in the low temperature region is constant up to terms of order T3. Here we argue that, at least in a three-dimensional 4 gauge model, the above ratios are constant in the whole confining phase. This result is obtained by combining numerical experiments with known exact results on the mass spectrum of an integrable two-dimensional spin model describing the infrared behaviour of the gauge system near the deconfining transition.
Permco – A Perm issive Approach to Co variant O verriding of Subclass Members

We describe Permco, a permissive approach which allows covariant overriding of instance variables and any overriding of instance methods. Subclasses are considered subtypes. Instance method access is treated by considering the types of all methods defined for the class of the receiver and all its possible subclasses. Instance variable access is treated by considering the types of the instance variable in all possible subclasses. Thus, Permco is permissive at the point of redefinition and restrictive at the point of call or access. Closed types describe values which may belong to a class but not to its subclasses, and allow a more precise description of types. Result types may depend on receiver or argument types. This paper introduces Permco in terms of an example and compares with related approaches. It then demonstrates its soundness through a subject reduction theorem.
Handling complex anaphora resolution cases

The paper investigates difficult problems that could arise in anaphora resolution and proposes some solutions within the framework of a general anaphora resolution solver. Departing from the current research settings that deal with anaphora resolution on contiguous corpora, our investigation uses instead a collection of carefully hand chosen examples. The research is motivated by the belief that interpretation of free language in modern applications, especially those related to semantic web, requires more and more sophisticated tools.
Design and realization of a miniature spindle test setup with active magnetic bearings

In this paper, the design and realization of a magnetically levitated high speed spindle for micro machining is presented. This spindle is built to investigate various micro machining processes. The main application is milling with extremely small diameter tools. The micro milling tools have a diameter in the range of 0.1 mm. To improve the milling accuracy extremely high rotational speeds are required. The spindle presented in this research is built to reach speeds over 200,000 rpm. The spindle is equipped with two radial bearings, one axial bearing and a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The radial bearings consist of permanent magnet biased homopolar active magnetic bearings. The axial bearing consists of reluctance type actuators in a differential driving mode. The motor is a commercially available permanent magnet motor, able to reach speeds over 250,000 rpm. This spindle is part of a micro factory, which is built in this research program. The first test results are presented.
In Theclinic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Prevention Diagnosis Practice Improvement Tool Kit Patient Information Cme Questions

The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including PIER (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from PIER and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult and other resources referenced in each issue of In the Clinic. CME Objective: To review current evidence for the background, prevention, diagnosis , treatment, and practice improvement of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (diastolic dysfunction). The information contained herein should never be used as a substitute for clinical judgment. What is the difference between HFpEF, diastolic dysfunction, and diastolic HF? The terms HFpEF, diastolic dysfunc-tion, and diastolic heart failure are often used interchangeably. The American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), however, prefer the term HFpEF (4). Most patients with HFpEF have abnormalities in diastolic function—notably a stiffening of the ventricles with resultant impaired diastolic relaxation, filling, and elevated left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure at rest or during stress (5). Multiple non-diastolic abnormalities in cardio-vascular function, however, also contribute to the syndrome, including impairment of LV systolic function and functional reserve, chronotropic incompetence, vascu-lar stiffening and abnormal vaso-dilatation, pulmonary hyperten-sion, and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, patients with HFpEF are vulnerable to decompensation in the setting of hemodynamic stresses, such as rapid atrial fibril-lation, hypertensive crisis, and mi-tral regurgitation. Diastolic LV dysfunction is not unique to HF-pEF because it is almost always present in HFrEF, albeit to a lesser degree. Impaired relaxation is the most commonly found abnormality in milder forms of HFrEF, whereas restrictive diastolic dys-function is more commonly encountered in patients with lower EFs (6). What is the difference between HFpEF and HFrEF? Although preserved EF is generally defined as ≥45%–50% (3), no simple binary partition value divides " preserved " and " reduced " systolic function, and there is no consensus about the exact cutoff for preserved EF. Whether HFrEF and HFpEF overlap or are distinct phenotypes is a matter of debate (7). Several lines of evidence suggest that HFpEF is a separate and discrete clinical syndrome (7). Unlike …
Using DRBD in the Design of Redundant Distributed Computing System

Sustainability, environmental issues, low-carbon economy, are increasingly impacting on both research and technologies, attracting the attention on energy management issues. New challenges and requirements arise from them and have to match with existing (functional and non-functional) ones as well as with costs. In particular, the IT area has been hit by this "new wave", pushing towards new forms of ("green") computing paradigms to specifically address such aspects. In this scenario, standby policies and techniques can play a key role, able to implement a trade-off among dependability, energy efficiency and cost requirements. However, they are characterized by complex phenomena that should be adequately investigated, especially from a dependability perspective, calling for specific tools for standby system modelling and evaluation. In this paper the dynamic reliability block diagrams (DRBD) formalism, extending RBD to the representation of dynamic reliability aspects, is proposed for adoption in the standby system evaluation. In order to fill the gap between the demand and actual solutions, the DRBD semantics is revised to cover the specific peculiarities of standby system. Then, the effectiveness of the DRBD approach in standby modelling is demonstrated through a case study on a critical area surveillance system, where a capacity planning parametric analysis is performed to design the system through warm standby redundant cameras according to specific reliability requirements.
Le système d’emploi des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers : portrait d’un rapport salarial multipartite

Les programmes de migration temporaire constituent une manifestation de la division internationale du travail qui se concretise par le deplacement de la main-d’oeuvre. Les travailleurs etrangers temporaires et leurs employeurs s’inserent dans un systeme d’emploi qui se caracterise par l’action intervenant a l’occasion de la formation, de l’execution et de la terminaison du rapport salarial. Or, si l’action intervenant au sein d’un systeme d’emploi resulte notamment des effets des regles juridiques applicables, elle decoule egalement des schemas d’action mis de l’avant par les acteurs qui y interagissent. Cependant, certains de ces acteurs sont susceptibles d’occuper, de facon singuliere, la scene de l’action : la pregnance de leurs schemas d’action est directement proportionnelle a la nature et a la portee du role qu’ils assument dans le systeme d’emploi.Cet article presente les resultats d’une etude de terrain qui a permis de cerner les contours du systeme d’emploi dans lequel s’inserent les travailleurs agricoles guatemalteques embauches via le « Volet agricole » du Programme des travailleurs etrangers temporaires. Notre recherche revele de quelle facon s’organise la capacite d’action des acteurs exogenes et endogenes au champ du travail. Elle permet egalement de comprendre de quelle facon certains acteurs sont contraints par l’effet de frontieres geographiques et systemiques. Finalement, l’apprehension empirique du systeme d’emploi etudie amene aussi a brosser le portrait d’un rapport salarial multipartite tout a fait singulier.
Genome-wide analyses reveal the extent of opportunistic STAT5 binding that does not yield transcriptional activation of neighboring genes

Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) 5A/B regulate cytokine-inducible genes upon binding to GAS motifs. It is not known what percentage of genes with GAS motifs bind to and are regulated by STAT5. Moreover, it is not clear whether genome-wide STAT5 binding is modulated by its concentration. To clarify these issues we established genome-wide STAT5 binding upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation of wild-type (WT) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and MEFs overexpressing STAT5A more than 20-fold. Upon GH stimulation, 23 827 and 111 939 STAT5A binding sites were detected in WT and STAT5A overexpressing MEFs, respectively. 13 278 and 71 561 peaks contained at least one GAS motif. 1586 and 8613 binding sites were located within 2.5 kb of promoter sequences, respectively. Stringent filtering revealed 78 genes in which the promoter/upstream region (−10 kb to +0.5 kb) was recognized by STAT5 both in WT and STAT5 overexpressing MEFs and 347 genes that bound STAT5 only in overexpressing cells. Genome-wide expression analyses identified that the majority of STAT5-bound genes was not under GH control. Up to 40% of STAT5-bound genes were not expressed. For the first time we demonstrate the magnitude of opportunistic genomic STAT5 binding that does not translate into transcriptional activation of neighboring genes.
Modeling and Simulation of Ultra-Large Networks : A Framework For New Research Directions

ion 1 Current flat vs various hierarchical cluster-based addressing schemes Inter-BGP traffic Utilization at BGP routers BGP router nodes Alive messages 2 Linear vs exponential growth Demographics/ Technological Advancement/ Applications Growth Utilization of address space Nodes N/A 3 Distance vector-based vs link-based Source generator of packets Number of Hops BGP nodes + lower level nodes Destination Address 4 48 vs 64 bit header Source Generator + Load at Node Amount of information about “day-inlife” of packet that can be gleaned BGP + lower level nodes Header substructure allocated to collecting “dayin-life” information 5 Alternative congestion measurement control schemes Source Generator + Load at Node + hotspot injection Response time to clear congestion due to hot-spot injection OSPF + Nodes Latency Time, Query Type 25 Huang, P., Estrin, D. , Heidemann, D. , “Enabling Large-Scale Simulations: Selective Abstraction Approach to the Study of Multicast Protocols”, International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, July 1998
On the Evolutionary Roots of Politics

This is one of the last sentences (p, 203) of a book that charts a clear path through the landscape ofbiopolitical literature. Tatu Vanhanen argues consistently that if we accept the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution bynatural selection, it is plausible to assume that human politics is one form of the general struggle for existence and scarce resources. In this perspective, evolutionary explanations apply "only to some basic characteristics of politics, not to the variation of all details" (p. 91), providing ultimate (evolutionary) explanations for observed regularities in behavior. By drawing a clear distinction between ultimate evolutionary explanations regarding certain political structures, behavior patterns, and behavioral predispositions on the one hand, and the proximate explanations usually offered by historians and social scientists on the other, Vanhanen has served his readers well. Ultimate explanations are proposed for the following seven phenomena: the hierarchical character of power structures, ethnic conflicts, the emergence of multiparty systems, democratizing tendencies in political systems, the underrepresentation of women in political decision-making institutions, the emergence of a global order, and the problems of population and consumption growth. The main advantage of this book is the reduction istic straightforwardness of politics ultimately seen as a struggle for scarce resources. The ecological and evolutionary rationale of this approach will be evident to the
Model-based extraction of image area descriptors using a multi-scale attention operator

A model-based method for transformation-invariant area descriptor extraction is proposed in this paper in the context of object recognition and image matching. Local image descriptors are extracted in salient circular fragments of variable size, which indicate image locations with high intensity contrast, regional homogeneity and shape saliency. Three different types of descriptors - pose, intensity, and area shape - are extracted to form a single descriptor vector. The pose and intensity descriptors are made relational and normalized in order to achieve invariance to image similarity transformations and affine intensity changes. The method requires no image segmentation since the feature points are time-efficiently extracted in a multi-scale manner by analyzing circular areas of various sizes.
A Godel Modal Logic

In this paper we consider an approach where both propositions and the accessibility relation are infinitely many-valued over G\"{o}del algebras. In particular, we consider separately the $\Box $-fragment and the $\Diamond $-fragment of our G\"{o}del modal logic and prove that both logics are complete with respect to the class of models with values in the linear Hetying algebra [0,1]. In addition, we show that the first fragment is uniquely determined by the class of models having crisp accessibility relation but it has not the finite model property. On the contrary, the second fragment is not characterized by crisp accessibility models alone but it has the finite model property. Finally, we show that the approach can be extended to include finitely many rational truth-values \`{a} la Pavelka.
Workload Characterization for Capacity Planning and Performance Management in IaaS Cloud

Effective characterization of workload could be used to drive Capacity Planning and Performance Management in IaaS Cloud. There are different workload metrics (e.g. CPU, memory usage, throughput, response time) which could be modeled along with relationships between them. Similarly, we could model relationships across a set of workloads. Analyzing and characterizing this would enable decision making for various scenarios such as migration, re-provisioning, load balancing, resource management, initial placement. In this paper, we study workload running in IaaS cloud and categorize into patterns, based on their behavioral characteristics. We define different types of behavioral patterns and outline statistical techniques to be used in determining these patterns. We present initial results for development workload data collected in the lab.