Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEBP2 alpha B/mouse AML1 consists of multiple isoforms that possess differential transactivation potentials

A murine transcription factor, PEBP2, is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta. There are two genes in the mouse genome, PEBP2 alpha A and PEBP2 alpha B, which encode the alpha subunit. Two types of the alpha B cDNA clones, alpha B1 and alpha B2, were isolated from mouse fibroblasts and characterized. They were found to represent 3.8- and 7.9-kb transcripts, respectively. The 3.8-kb RNA encodes the previously described alpha B protein referred to as alpha B1, while the 7.9-kb RNA encodes a 387-amino-acid protein, termed alpha B2, which is identical to alpha B1 except that it has an internal deletion of 64 amino acid residues. Both alpha B1 and alpha B2 associate with PEBP2 beta and form a heterodimer. The alpha B2/beta complex binds to the PEBP2 binding site two- to threefold more strongly than the alpha B1/beta complex does. alpha B1 stimulates transcription through the PEBP2 site about 40-fold, while alpha B2 is only about 25 to 45% as active as alpha B1. Transactivation domain is located downstream of the 128-amino-acid runt homology region, referred to as the Runt domain. Mouse chromosome mapping studies revealed that alpha A, alpha B, and beta genes are mapped to chromosomes 17, 16, and 8, respectively. The last two genes are syntenic with the human AML1 on chromosome 21q22 and PEBP2 beta/CBF beta on 16q22 detected at the breakpoints of characteristic chromosome translocations of the two different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia. These results suggest that previously described chimeric gene products, AML1/MTG8(ETO) and AML1-EAP generated by t(8;21) and t(3;21), respectively, lack the transactivation domain of AML1.
Distinguishing Recurrent Intra-Axial Metastatic Tumor from Radiation Necrosis Following Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Using Dynamic Susceptibility-Weighted Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MR Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR image−guided gamma knife radiosurgery is often used to treat intra-axial metastatic neoplasms. Following treatment, it is often difficult to determine whether a progressively enhancing lesion is due to metastatic tumor recurrence or radiation necrosis. The purpose of our study was to determine whether relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative peak height (rPH), and percentage of signal-intensity recovery (PSR) derived from dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging can distinguish recurrent metastatic tumor from radiation necrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with systemic cancer underwent gamma knife radiosurgery for metastatic lesions of the brain and subsequently developed enlarging regions of enhancement within the radiation field. Subsequent surgical resection or clinicoradiologic follow-up established a diagnosis of recurrent metastatic tumor or radiation necrosis. Perfusion MR imaging datasets were retrospectively reprocessed, and regions of interest were drawn around the entire contrast-enhancing region. The resulting T2* signal-intensity time curves produced rCBV, rPH, and PSR values for each examination. A Welch t test was used to compare imaging values between groups. RESULTS: The mean, minimum, and maximum PSR values were significantly lower (P < .01) in cases of recurrent metastatic tumor. The mean and maximum rCBV and rPH values were significantly higher (P < .02) in the recurrent metastatic tumor group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study suggest that perfusion MR imaging may be used to differentiate recurrent intra-axial metastatic tumor from gamma knife−induced radiation necrosis.
Determinants of Business Student Satisfaction and Retention in Higher Education: Applying Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory.

Purpose – This paper focuses on the determinants of student satisfaction and retention in a college or university that are assumed to impact students' college experience.Design/methodology/approach – Using empirical data and Herzberg's two‐factor theory, a modified version of the questionnaire developed by Keaveney and Young was administered to approximately 160 undergraduate business students at a state university in South Central Pennsylvania. Using path analysis, the hypothesized effects were tested empirically by incorporating a comprehensive set of independent variables and self‐reported experiential assessments to predict experience, which in turn related to student satisfaction.Findings – The results indicate that the path coefficients from faculty and classes to students' partial college experience are consistent with the assumption that these are key factors that influence student partial college experience. Also, the path coefficient from student partial college experience to satisfaction was co.
Circulating osteoblast-lineage cells in humans.

BACKGROUND Although current evidence suggests that only a minuscule number of osteoblast-lineage cells are present in peripheral blood, we hypothesized that such cells circulate but that their concentration has been vastly underestimated owing to the use of assays that required adherence to plastic. We further reasoned that the concentration of these cells is elevated during times of increased bone formation, such as during pubertal growth. METHODS We used flow cytometry with antibodies to bone-specific proteins to identify circulating osteoblast-lineage cells in 11 adolescent males and 11 adult males (mean [+/-SD] age, 14.5+/-0.7 vs. 37.7+/-7.6 years). Gene expression and in vitro and in vivo bone-forming assays were used to establish the osteoblastic lineage of sorted cells. RESULTS Cells positive for osteocalcin and cells positive for bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were detected in the peripheral blood of adult subjects (1 to 2 percent of mononuclear cells). There were more than five times as many cells positive for osteocalcin in the circulation of adolescent boys (whose markers of bone formation were clearly increased as a result of pubertal growth) as compared with adult subjects (P<0.001). The percentage of cells positive for osteocalcin correlated with markers of bone formation. Sorted osteocalcin-positive cells expressed osteoblastic genes, formed mineralized nodules in vitro, and formed bone in an in vivo transplantation assay. Increased values were also found in three adults with recent fractures. CONCLUSIONS Osteoblast-lineage cells circulate in physiologically significant numbers, correlate with markers of bone formation, and are markedly higher during pubertal growth; therefore, they may represent a previously unrecognized circulatory component to the process of bone formation.
Temperament and Food Neophobia in Children and their Mothers

We obtained measures of behavioral neophobia, rated neophobia, temperament, and liking for novel and familiar foods for 81 pairs of siblings (ranging in age from 5-11 years) and their mothers. The children's data revealed a decrease with age in behavioral but not rated neophobia, and there were positive correlations between both measures of neophobia and the temperament dimensions of emotionality, shyness, and negative reactions to foods. In addition, liking for good-tasting novel foods was negatively related to shyness and to negative reactions to foods. For mothers, both measures of neophobia were related to negative reactions to foods and unrelated to any other temperament dimensions. The data revealed little evidence of family resemblance (mother-child or sibling-sibling) in food neophobia.
Under Consideration for Publication in J. Functional Programming Recursive Type Generativity

Existential types provide a simple and elegant foundation for understanding generative abstract data types, of the kind supported by the Standard ML module system. However, in attempting to extend ML with support for recursive modules, we have found that the traditional existential account of type generativity does not work well in the presence of mutually recursive module definitions. The key problem is that, in recursive modules, one may wish to define an abstract type in a context where a name for the type already exists, but the existential type mechanism does not allow one to do so. We propose a novel account of recursive type generativity that resolves this problem. The basic idea is to separate the act of generating a name for an abstract type from the act of defining its underlying representation. To define several abstract types recursively, one may first " forward-declare " them by generating their names, and then supply each one's identity secretly within its own defining expression. Intuitively, this can be viewed as a kind of backpatching semantics for recursion at the level of types. Care must be taken to ensure that a type name is not defined more than once, and that cycles do not arise among " transparent " type definitions. In contrast to the usual continuation-passing interpretation of existential types in terms of universal types, our account of type generativity suggests a destination-passing interpretation. Briefly, instead of viewing a value of existential type as something that creates a new abstract type every time it is unpacked, we view it as a function that takes as input a pre-existing undefined abstract type and defines it. By leaving the creation of the abstract type name up to the client of the existential, our approach makes it significantly easier to link abstract data types together recursively.
A prospective study of systolic ejection murmurs and left ventricular outflow tract in boxers.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and progression of murmurs and the development of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and flow velocities in the great arteries in boxer puppies through adolescence until three years of age. METHODS Nineteen boxer puppies with or without a low-intensity murmur, but without evidence of congenital heart disease, were studied prospectively. Examinations were carried out at 7 weeks, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 36 months of age by cardiac auscultation and Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS Presence and intensity of heart murmurs varied in the same dog and between dogs, but flow velocities did not change. Estimated effective orifice diameter (EOD) and indexed EOD was significantly narrower than measured subvalvular and valvular diameters. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The variability in presence and intensity of low-intensity ejection murmurs is high during growth in boxers.
Genotype by Environment Interaction Due to Heat Stress

Heat stress was evaluated as a factor in differences between regional evaluations for milk yield in the United States. The national data set (NA) consisted of 56 million first-parity, test-day milk yields on 6 million Holsteins. The Northeastern subset (NE) included 12.5 million records on 1.3 million first-calved heifers from 8 states, and the Southeastern subset (SE) included 3.5 million records on 0.4 million heifers from 11 states. Climatic data were available from 202 public weather stations. Each herd was assigned to the nearest weather station. Average daily temperature-humidity index (meanTHI) 3 d before test date was used as an indicator of heat stress. Two test-day repeatability models were implemented. Effects included in both models were herd-test date, age at calving class, frequency of milking, days in milk × season class, additive genetic (regular breeding value) and permanent environmental effects. Additionally, the second model included random regressions on degrees of heat stress (t = max[0, meanTHI − 72]) for additive genetic (breeding value for heat tolerance) and permanent environmental effects. Both models were fitted with the national and regional data sets. Correlations involved estimated breeding values (EBV) from SE and NE for sires with ≥100 and ≥300 daughters in each region. When heat stress was ignored (first model) the correlations of regular EBV between SE and NE for sires with ≥100 (≥300) daughters were 0.85 (0.87). When heat stress was considered (second model), the correlation increased by up to 0.01. The correlations of heat stress EBV between NE and SE for sires with ≥100 (≥300, ≥700) daughters were 0.58 (0.72, 0.81). Evaluations for heat tolerance were similar in cooler and hotter regions for high-reliability sires. Heat stress as modeled explains only a small amount Received March 15, 2006. Accepted October 23, 2007. 1Corresponding author: jbohmano@uoguelph.ca 2Current address: CGIL, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada. 840 of regional differences, partly because test-day records depict only snapshots of heat stress.
Neutrophils do not contribute to local tissue damage, but play a key role in skeletal muscle regeneration, in mice injected with Bothrops asper snake venom

Local tissue damage induced by crotaline snake venoms includes edema, myonecrosis, hemorrhage, and an inflammatory response associated with a prominent cellular infiltrate. The role of neutrophils in the local tissue damage induced by Bothrops asper snake venom and by myotoxin I, a phospholipase A2 isolated from this venom, was investigated. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with either an antimouse granulocyte rat monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody or with isotype‐matched control antibody. No significant differences in these local effects were observed between mice pretreated with antigranulocyte antibodies and those receiving control IgG. Moreover, myotoxicity induced by B. asper myotoxin I was similar in neutrophil‐depleted and control mice. The role of neutrophils in the process of skeletal muscle regeneration was also assessed. Muscle regeneration was assessed by quantifying the muscle levels of creatine kinase and by morphometric histological analysis of the area comprised by regenerating cells in damaged regions of skeletal muscle. Mice depleted of neutrophils and then injected with B. asper venom showed a more deficient regenerative response than mice pretreated with control IgG. Moreover, a drastic difference in the regenerative response was observed in mice injected with myotoxin I, because animals pretreated with control IgG showed a successful regeneration, whereas those depleted of neutrophils had abundant areas of necrotic tissue that had not been removed 7 days after injection, associated with reduced contents of creatine kinase. It is concluded that (1) neutrophils do not play a significant role in the acute local pathological alterations induced by the venom of B. asper, and (2) neutrophils play a prominent role in the process of skeletal muscle regeneration after injection of B. asper venom and myotoxin I, probably related to the phagocytosis of necrotic material and the recruitment of other inflammatory cells, two events directly associated with a successful muscle regenerative response. Muscle Nerve 28: 449–459, 2003
The Freiburg Privacy Diamond: An Attacker Model for a Mobile Computing Environment

An attacker model is a pre-requisite to make statements on the properties of security mechanisms. However, in order to be adequate, an attacker model should fit to the class of the considered security mechanisms and to the (computing) environment. This paper introduces a new attacker model, called the Freiburg Privacy Diamond (FPD), to evaluate anonymity mechanisms with regard to mobility, especially device mobility. This model takes into account the conditions of mobile computing. The FPD enables the analyser to adjust the strength of the attacker in a fine grained way and dependent on the (computing) environment. 1 Motivation and Overview In a mobile computing environment information is processed on devices in constantly changing networks, where new devices join, others leave, thus changing the environment and the available services. A device may join a network automatically if the network is reachable through its radio interface. The operators and users of the other devices in this network may not be interested in protecting the security, especially protecting the privacy, of the user of this additional device. Many mechanisms to achieve anonymity have been proposed, most of them requiring access to a sophisticated anonymizing infrastructure. In the case of mobile computing implementation of these mechanisms may lead to high computional overhead and network load. Evaluation of these mechanisms is mostly concerned with showing that “perfect” anonymity can be achieved, and analyzing resistance against attacks. Using a analysis method that includes mobility, it is possible to derive anonymizing techniques that are better adapted to the needs of a mobile environment. In this paper such an analysis method is proposed. This paper is structured as follows: The next section defines anonymity and refers how Part of this work was supported by the Kolleg “Living in a Smart Environment” of the Gottlieb Daimlerand Carl Benz-Stiftung other authors measure anonymity. Section three describes two approaches to model an attacker.The privacy diamond is introduced and formalized in section four, as well as applied to some examples. The paper concludes with remarks on the adequacy of the privacy diamond as a model.
Editing real world scenes: augmented reality with image-based rendering

We present a method that using only an uncalibrated camera allows the capture of object geometry and appearance, and then at a later stage registration and AR overlay into a new scene. Using only image information first a coarse object geometry is obtained using structure-from-motion, then a dynamic, view dependent texture is estimated to account for the differences between the reprojected coarse model and the training images. In AR rendering, the object structure is interactively aligned in one frame by the user, object and scene structure is registered, and rendered in subsequent frames by a virtual scene camera, with parameters estimated from real-time visual tracking. Using the same viewing geometry for both object acquisition, registration, and rendering ensures consistency and minimizes errors.
The Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator and its Usefulness for Problem Solving by Mining Industry Personnel

This article describes the results of a survey study in the mining industry in northeastern Ontario, Canada, to determine if the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Project Planning Situation exercise could be used to assess mining personnel's information-processing types and their problem-solving capabilities. Over a 2-year period, 610 males from a metal-mining firm and a uranium-mining firm completed these two inventories. The results of this study showed that the four-letter MBTI typings of ISTJ (introverted, sensing, thinking, and judging) and ESTJ (extroverted, sensing, thinking, and judging) were the most prevalent in the study sample. Implications of the findings for group and individual problem solving in these industries were discussed.
Preventing School Violence

Confronted by increasing incidents of violent behavior in schools, educators are being asked to make schools safer. Schools, however, receive little guidance or assistance in their attempts to establish and sustain proactive discipline systems. One area of need lies in directions for use of existing discipline information to improve school-wide behavior support. In this article, we describe how office discipline referrals might be used as an information source to provide an indicator of the status of school-wide discipline and to improve the precision with which schools manage, monitor, and modify their universal interventions for all students and their targeted interventions for students who exhibit the most severe problem behaviors.
Eyes on the Prize: Teaching Complex Historical Content to Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities

This study compared two approaches for teaching a history unit on the Civil Rights Movement (1954–1965) to middle school students with learning disabilities (LD) in general education settings. The curriculum was designed to make the content challenging, but accessible. The major text was the documentary, Eyes on the Prize (DeVinney, 1991). Readings were brief and included primary sources from the time period. Curriculum content was constant in both instruction conditions, but in the experimental condition teachers isolated the video selections into brief 2- to 3-min segments to facilitate learning and used peer dyad activities to foster active processing of content. Students with and without disabilities in the experimental condition scored significantly higher on 2 of 3 content measures.
School Violence Dissected: An Israeli View

The authors of this book describe findings from a large-scale pupil-based survey of violence in a national sample of Israeli schools. Children report their own experiences of different types of violence, as well as what they think about their school. This is combined with teacher reports and demographic characteristics of schools and pupils to provide new data on the types of violence that occur in Israeli schools and on multi-level predictive factors. Interest in school bullying and school violence has increased greatly in the last 10–20 years, for a variety of reasons. One is greater awareness of the extent of the problem and the negative consequences it has on victims as well as on perpetrators (in the long term) and on the general school climate (if bystanders do not intervene and when children observe violence and bullying left unchallenged). It is not necessarily the case that school violence itself has increased – a debatable issue – but certainly awareness of violent behaviour has increased amongst teachers and the general public, both through research findings and through the media interest that this often generates. A second reason is that we can do something about it. There are a number of violence prevention programs and strategies. Anti-bullying programs, such as that developed by Olweus in Norway [Olweus, 2004], have demonstrated effectiveness. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this and other programs varies considerably in different contexts and different studies, and schools are far from eliminating the problem [Smith, Pepler, & Rigby, 2004]. It remains vital to learn more about the nature of school violence and the causal factors involved in order to improve our methods of prevention. Some of these issues are taken up in the Preface to this book, where the authors describe the reasons behind the work they have done and the impact of wider political events and violence on what happens in school.
MMP-2 and MMP-9 Serum Levels Change but their Gene Promoter Polymorphisms are not Associated with Late Phase I/R Injury or Rejection after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Introduction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in connective tissue remodeling processes asso- ciated with chronic liver disease and complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Genetic variations in the promoter region of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes are thought to contribute not only to their transcription rate but may also have predisposing clinical impact. Methods. MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene promoter polymorphisms were analyzed in 109 patients who underwent an OLT. The relationship between these MMP polymorphisms in the donor and recipient DNA with the development of ische- mia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and rejection after OLT was evaluated. In addition, serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were determined to illustrate potential phenotypical consequences in these patients. Results. The MMP-2 and -9 genotypes of the donor and recipient or a donor/recipient mismatch and chimerism were not associated with the development of late phase I/R injury or rejection in the OLT patients, although serological differences in the MMP levels did occur. The MMP-2 and -9 genotype distribution did also not have a major impact on the respective serum levels in patients that underwent an OLT. Conclusions. MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms do not seem to contribute to late phase I/R injury or rejection after liver transplantation. Serological changes in the MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels appear to occur independent of the MMP genotype after transplantation of the liver.