Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Belara® – A reliable oral contraceptive with additional benefits for health and efficacy in dysmenorrhoea

Although modern oral contraceptives are safe and have few side-effects, compliance towards them is sometimes less than ideal for various reasons. Compliance, however, can only be achieved when the contraceptive method is accepted by the users, that is, when it is adapted to their individual needs. Consisting of a combination of 2 mg chlormadinone acetate and 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol, Belara® is a modern oral hormonal contraceptive with an unadjusted Pearl index of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.2–0.8) and an adjusted one of 0.04 (95% CI, 0.002–0.2). Its compliance rate in clinical use has been shown to be above 90%. This good acceptance is a consequence of the low rate of intermenstrual bleeding (about 8% up to the 3rd cycle and below 2% from the 12th cycle); its high cycle stability (in approximately 98% from the 6th cycle); the good weight stability (weight is unchanged in about 84% from the 12th cycle); and finally the very low rate of side-effects (below 2% after 12 cycles). In addition, a number of other benefits of using Belara® also contribute to this good compliance rate. These include almost 70% improvement or complete remission of increased seborrhoea after 12 months, almost 90% improvement or cure of acne after 12 months, and improvement or remission of dysmenorrhoea after 12 months in 79% of cases. After 4 months, improvement or remission of dysmenorrhoea associated with the use of another ovulation inhibitor was seen in more than 90% of cases after switching to Belara®. In conclusion, besides being an effective, modern oral hormonal contraceptive Belara® offers a considerable range of additional benefits for a range of symptoms, including primary dysmenorrhea and acne.
In Vitro Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an In Vivo Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the ability of the equine clinical treatments N-acetylcysteine, EDTA, and hydrogen peroxide to disrupt in vitro biofilms and kill equine reproductive pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Klebsiella pneumoniae) isolated from clinical cases. N-acetylcysteine (3.3%) decreased biofilm biomass and killed bacteria within the biofilms of E. coli isolates. The CFU of recoverable P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates were decreased, but the biofilm biomass was unchanged. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (1%) decreased the biofilm biomass and reduced the CFU of E. coli isolates, K. pneumoniae isolates were observed to have a reduction in CFU, and minimal effects were observed for P. aeruginosa isolates. Chelating agents (EDTA formulations) reduced E. coli CFU but were ineffective at disrupting preformed biofilms or decreasing the CFU of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae within a biofilm. No single nonantibiotic treatment commonly used in equine veterinary practice was able to reduce the CFU and biofilm biomass of all three Gram-negative species of bacteria evaluated. An in vivo equine model of infectious endometritis was also developed to monitor biofilm formation, utilizing bioluminescence imaging with equine P. aeruginosa isolates from this study. Following infection, the endometrial surface contained focal areas of bacterial growth encased in a strongly adherent “biofilm-like” matrix, suggesting that biofilms are present during clinical cases of infectious equine endometritis. Our results indicate that Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the equine uterus are capable of producing a biofilm in vitro, and P. aeruginosa is capable of producing biofilm-like material in vivo.
Contraceptive choice, fertility, and public policy in Zimbabwe

The determinants of contraceptive use in Zimbabwe are examined using individual-level survey data in conjunction with two special community surveys. The spotlight is focused on the role of the availability and quality of community health and family planning services. The impact of the household resources and individual characteristics, in particular education and measures of income, are also taken into consideration. In order to evaluate the distributional impact of investments in health programs, special attention is paid to differences in the effects of the programs across educational groups. The study proceeds to investigate the determinants of fertility outcomes and then turns to the impact of contraceptive use on fertility, taking account of the fact that both reflect, at least in part, the outcome of choices by couples. The results indicate that the availability and quality of family planning and health services in the community are associated with higher rates of adoption of modern contraceptives. Public health policy has sought to bring community-based distributors to all communities in Zimbabwe; this is likely to be associated with increased adoption of modern methods. Mobile family planning clinics seem to have an even more powerful impact on adoption as does the presence of a general hospital in the area; the impact of these two investments in infrastructure is larger among women with little education. Higher fertility women are more likely to use modern contraceptive methods. However, after taking account of unobserved heterogeneity, there is no relationship between the use of modern methods and fertility, except among very young women for whom higher contraceptive use is associated with higher fertility. This suggests, perhaps, that these young women wish to demonstrate their fecundity before adopting modern methods or are being targeted for contraceptives after the birth of their first child.
An effective and efficient Web content extractor for optimizing the crawling process

Classical Web crawlers make use of only hyperlink information in the crawling process. However, focused crawlers are intended to download only Web pages that are relevant to a given topic by utilizing word information before downloading the Web page. But, Web pages contain additional information that can be useful for the crawling process. We have developed a crawler, iCrawler (intelligent crawler), the backbone of which is a Web content extractor that automatically pulls content out of seven different blocks: menus, links, main texts, headlines, summaries, additional necessaries, and unnecessary texts from Web pages. The extraction process consists of two steps, which invoke each other to obtain information from the blocks. The first step learns which HTML tags refer to which blocks using the decision tree learning algorithm. Being guided by numerous sources of information, the crawler becomes considerably effective. It achieved a relatively high accuracy of 96.37% in our experiments of block extraction. In the second step, the crawler extracts content from the blocks using string matching functions. These functions along with the mapping between tags and blocks learned in the first step provide iCrawler with considerable time and storage efficiency. More specifically, iCrawler performs 14 times faster in the second step than in the first step. Furthermore, iCrawler significantly decreases storage costs by 57.10% when compared with the texts obtained through classical HTML stripping. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Processing goals, task interest, and the mood-performance relationship: a mediational analysis.

The authors examined the role of intrinsic interest in mediating the relationship among mood, processing goals, and task performance. Participants in induced happy, neutral, or sad moods generated similarities and differences between TV shows using performance-based, enjoyment-based, or no stop rule (cf. L.L. Martin, D.W. Ward, J.W. Achee, & R.S. Wyer, 1993). Pretask interest and both quantitative (time spent, number generated) and qualitative (creativity) performance were assessed. Happy participants spent more time and generated more items than other participants when using an enjoyment-based stop rule but spent less time and generated fewer items when using a performance-based stop rule. Happy participants also expressed greater pretask interest and were more creative than other participants regardless of stop rule. Regression-based path analyses indicated that pretask interest partially mediated the effects of mood on quantitative performance but not on creativity.
Elasticity Of Substitution Between Labour And Capital Across Twenty Six Major Industries In India During 2004-05

The magnitude of the elasticity of substitution between labour and capital across twenty six major Industries [Factory Sector] in India has been estimated in the present paper by fitting a Constant Elasticity of Substitution Production Function for the year 2004-05.The empirical results emerged out of the cross section data demonstrate that the estimate of the elasticity of substitution between labour and capital across the major Indian Industries is significantly more than unity implying that substitution possibilities are rather more in favour of labour in the Indian major Industries
Habitat Split as a Cause of Local Population Declines of Amphibians with Aquatic Larvae

Abstract: Most amphibian species have biphasic life histories and undergo an ontogenetic shift from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. In deforested landscapes, streams and forest fragments are frequently disjunct, jeopardizing the life cycle of forest‐associated amphibians with aquatic larvae. We tested the impact of habitat split—defined as human‐induced disconnection between habitats used by different life‐history stages of a species—on four forest‐associated amphibian species in a severely fragmented landscape of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We surveyed amphibians in forest fragments with and without streams (referred to as wet and dry fragments, respectively), including the adjacent grass‐field matrix. Our comparison of capture rates in dry fragments and nearby streams in the matrix allowed us to evaluate the number of individuals that engaged in high‐risk migrations through nonforested habitats. Adult amphibians moved from dry fragments to matrix streams at the beginning of the rainy season, reproduced, and returned at the end of the breeding period. Juveniles of the year moved to dry fragments along with adults. These risky reproductive migrations through nonforested habitats that expose individuals to dehydration, predation, and other hazards may cause population declines in dry fragments. Indeed, capture rates were significantly lower in dry fragments compared with wet fragments. Declining amphibians would strongly benefit from investments in the conservation and restoration of riparian vegetation and corridors linking breeding and nonbreeding areas.
[Electroencephalographic effects of sevoflurane in pediatric anesthesia: a prospective study of 20 cases].

OBJECTIVE To study electroencephalographic (EEG) changes in children during induction of anaesthesia with 8% sevoflurane. PATIENTS Twenty patients were consecutively included (ASA I-II; aged: 13-101 months). MATERIAL AND METHOD Prospective study; approved by the Ethics Committee; written informed consent obtained from parents; anaesthesia induced with 8% sevoflurane in oxygen; no premedication was given; to collect the EEG data, non-invasive electodes were installed before induction; EEG was recorded continuously and stored on a computer for later analyses (descriptive analysis). RESULTS Myoclonics movements were observed during induction of anaesthesia in two boys. Myoclonics movements stopped spontaneously without therapy. Epileptiform EEG activity (spikes and poly-spikes, burst suppression) was observed. In the 18 others cases, during sevoflurane induction, EEG changed rapidly with an increase in the range of beta activity (> 13 Hz) (n = 15) and in slow (< 8 Hz) and delta activity (< 4 Hz). In 14 patients, at time of laryngoscopy, the EEGs showed monophasic slow data activity (sharp high-voltage slow waves). Periods of EEG isoelectrical (burst suppression) were seen without spikes in four cases. CONCLUSION At 2 MAC, epileptiform EEG activity has been observed during sevoflurane anaesthesia. In a short group of patients, this raises the question of avoiding sevoflurane in patients who have a history of epilepsy.
The Electoral Consequences of North–South Migration

Analysis of the British Election Studies suggests that migration between the north and south of Britain does have political effects, southerly migration leading voters away from Labour and northerly migration towards Labour. This pattern persists even after controls for prior social and political characteristics, experience of social mobility, and changes in local political environment. It does, however, appear to be a new phenomenon, not apparent in the earlier election studies. The results support the hypothesis that the north-south divide constitutes a distinct new political cleavage distinct from social class and the other more familiar social bases of voting behaviour.
Approach to a Child with Primary Immunodeficiency Made Simple

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are a group of disorders affecting the capability to fight against infection. These include defects in T cells and B cells affecting cell-mediated and humoral immunity, respectively, combined humoral and cell-mediated immunodeficiency, defects in phagocytosis, complement defects, and defects in cytokine or cytokine signalling pathways which are detrimental for immune function. Depending upon the type and severity, age at onset of symptoms can vary from neonatal period to late childhood. Clinically, this group of disorders can involve any organ system of an individual such as respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, skin and mucous membrane, bone and joints, endocrine organs, and nervous system. Common dermatological manifestations include eczema, warts, molluscum contagiosum, mucocutaneous candidiasis, recurrent nonhealing ulcers, skin abscesses, erythroderma, petechiae, and nail changes. The common skin manifestations of various PIDs include eczema (seen in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome and autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome); erythroderma (in Omen syndrome); viral warts or molluscum contagiosum (in autosomal recessive hyper IgE syndrome); chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (in hyper IgE syndrome, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, Th17 cell defects); recurrent nonhealing ulcers (in leucocyte adhesion defect); skin abscesses (in antibody defects, hyper IgE syndrome, and chronic granulomatous disease); petechial or purpuric spots (in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome).
Exploration of Reasons for Feeding Choices in Hispanic Mothers

Purpose:To explore factors that contribute to feeding choices Hispanic women make for their newborn infants in the immediate postpartum period, with a focus on the phenomenon of “los dos,” breastfeeding with formula supplementation. Study Design and Methods:A descriptive qualitative design that utilized a semistructured interview guide with open-ended questions was used. Qualitative data preparation and analysis methods were used to identify themes surrounding feeding choices. The sample included 19 women within 48 hours of giving birth who self-identified as Spanish speakers. Results:Reasons included 1) previous experience; 2) “no llora con hambre” (no crying for hunger); 3) “para salud” (for health); and 4) to prevent suffering that might occur when the mother and infant were separated while the mother worked “no quiero que sufra mientras trabajo. ” Clinical Implications:Discussion of infant feeding choices should occur prior to birth since many mothers decide on feeding method while still pregnant. At the first prenatal visit identification of preference should occur to include not just breast or formula, but also asking about “los dos. ” Educational interventions that directly address the “los dos” feeding practice should be culturally appropriate, evaluated and disseminated for use in the prenatal period. Influential family members should be included in prenatal visits and educational sessions to help assure that the woman is not receiving mixed messages at home. Assessment of the workplace environment should also occur during the prenatal period with an exploration of how pumping and storing of breast milk might be possible once women return to work after the baby's birth.
The Effects on Bilateral-Symmetry Detection of Multiple Symmetry, near Symmetry, and Axis Orientation

Palmer and Hemenway (1978 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 4 691–702) reported that shapes with multiple axes of symmetry are processed faster than those with single symmetry even when trials are blocked so that the subject knows that any symmetry axis will be vertical. Because their model of symmetry detection postulated a two-stage process in which all orientations are searched crudely at first, in no particular order, followed by second-stage scrutiny, the continued salience of multiple over single symmetry with blocking could not be explained. They claimed that stimuli with multiple axes of symmetry have an additional ‘goodness’. Four experiments are reported in which it is demonstrated that both sensitivity (d′) and response bias (β) vary considerably in symmetry detection, not just as a function of the positive (symmetrical) stimuli used but also as a function of the negative or conjugate instances selected. Although stimuli with multiple axes of symmetry may well have extra salience due to pattern ‘goodness’, this factor may have been confounded with response bias in Palmer and Hemenway's experiments. It is suggested that several of their—as well as other researchers—results could be due to some combination of the effects of type of positive stimulus, type of negative stimulus, and response bias directed towards responding positively to highly symmetrical stimuli in a mix of less symmetrical stimuli. Palmer and Hemenway appear to have been correct in suggesting that subjects are more sensitive to quadruple than single symmetry, but the experiments indicate that subjects are also more willing to respond “symmetrical” to stimuli with quadruple symmetry when trials are not blocked, as in Palmer and Hemenway's experiment 1. However, it is demonstrated that the latter effect can be removed by blocking trials so that only one class of symmetrical pattern and one class of asymmetrical pattern occur in any block.
Can setting hotel rate restrictions help balance the interest of hotels and customers

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to assist hoteliers to design hotel rate restrictions that are in the interest of hotels and of customers, under the joint influence of room rates and rate fences. Design/methodology/approach – This study used a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. Conjoint analysis was applied to examine customers’ preferences regarding hotel rate fences. Findings – The results indicate that refundability, price and advance requirement, in that order, are identified as the most important attributes in the overall decision-making process of customers. Changes allowed and rule type are comparatively less important attributes. Research limitations/implications – This study extends the hotel revenue management literature by examining customer preferences for hotel rate restrictions based on their socio-demographic characteristics and travel behavior. This study also illustrates the usefulness of conjoint analysis in determining the utility values of hotel-room rates and rate.
La pratique infirmière avancée : un choix qui s’impose pour la qualité des soins et services en santé mentale

La refonte des lois professionnelles et la reorganisation des services en sante mentale ont eu une influence significative sur la pratique infirmiere en sante mentale au Quebec. De nombreuses infirmieres ont fait preuve de leadership clinique et ont su adapter leurs services aux besoins de la population selon les nouveaux milieux de soins de proximite. Cependant, plusieurs sont d’avis que le role des infirmieres n’est pas suffisamment connu et mis a profit pour contribuer de facon optimale a l’offre de services en sante mentale. Ainsi, cet article porte un regard critique sur la pratique infirmiere en sante mentale au Quebec et les conditions essentielles a son evolution. Il vise a : 1) decrire les tendances actuelles qui caracterisent l’evolution des roles et la modernisation de la pratique infirmiere en sante mentale au Quebec ; 2) offrir un apercu de l’evolution de la pratique infirmiere avancee en sante mentale (PIA-SM) et de ses retombees sur la qualite des services ; 3) clarifier le concept de PIA et situer son evolution au Quebec ; et 4) proposer diverses strategies visant a optimiser le role des infirmieres et leur complementarite avec les autres professionnels dans l’offre de services en sante mentale. Les progres en cours sont illustres par des exemples de pratiques innovantes developpees par des infirmieres quebecoises dans le contexte de la restructuration des services de sante. Les donnees quant a l’evolution de la PIA-SM aux Etats-Unis et en Australie indiquent qu’il existe encore de nombreux defis lies a l’implantation reussie de ce nouveau role. Toutefois, il se degage, de la majorite des etudes, un consensus de plus en plus important quant a la contribution de la PIA-SM pour ameliorer la qualite et l’accessibilite des soins en sante mentale. La reforme des services de sante mentale au Quebec s’avere donc etre un moment propice pour developper et soutenir la PIA-SM et en retirer les benefices attendus.
Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study: Rationale and Protocol for a Randomised Trial

Rationale Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Fever after stroke is a strong predictor of a poor outcome. Infections occur in up to 40% of patients with stroke and have also been associated with poor outcomes. Preventive antibiotic therapy lowers the infection rates in patients after stroke, as shown in a recent meta-analysis of randomised studies. Phase III trials evaluating the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on clinical outcomes in sufficient numbers of patients with stroke have, however, not been performed to date. Ceftriaxone, an off-patent medicine, is an antibiotic with a broad defence against the bacteria that cause the most common infections after stroke. Preventive antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone may potentially reduce poor outcome after acute stroke and, therefore, a randomised clinical trial is warranted. Aim The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the preventive use of the antibiotic ceftriaxone improves functional outcome in patients with stroke. Design We will conduct a multicentre prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end point trial of standard care with preventive ceftriaxone treatment and compare it with standard care without preventive ceftriaxone. Study Adult patients with stroke (both ischaemic and haemorrhagic) and a score ≥1 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale will be included. The 3200 patients will be randomly assigned to two groups of 1600 patients. One group will receive standard care and ceftriaxone at a dose of 2 g, given every 24 h intravenously for four-days, and the other group will receive stroke-unit care without preventive antibiotic treatment. Outcomes The primary end point will be functional outcome at a three-month follow-up on the modified Rankin Scale, dichotomised as a favourable outcome (0–2) or an unfavourable outcome (3–6). Secondary outcome measures will be death rate at discharge and three-months, infection rate during hospital admission, length of hospital admission, volume of poststroke care, use of antibiotics during the three-month follow-up, functional outcome using the full ordinal scoring range of the modified Rankin Scale, quality-adjusted life years and costs.