Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual analysis of host and pathogen transcriptomes in ostreid herpesvirus 1-positive Crassostrea gigas.

Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1) has become a problematic infective agent for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In particular, the OsHV-1 μVar subtype has been associated with severe mortality episodes in oyster spat and juvenile oysters in France and other regions of the world. Factors enhancing the infectivity of the virus and its interactions with susceptible and resistant bivalve hosts are still to be understood, and only few studies have explored the expression of oyster or viral genes during productive infections. In this work, we have performed a dual RNA sequencing analysis on an oyster sample with a high viral load. High sequence coverage allowed us to thoroughly explore the OsHV-1 transcriptome and identify the activated molecular pathways in C. gigas. The identification of several highly induced and defence-related oyster transcripts supports the crucial role played by the innate immune system against the virus and opportunistic microbes possibly contributing to subsequent spat mortality.
Towards QoS Assurance with Revenue Maximization of LTE Uplink Scheduling

Qos provision is considered as the complex task due to the heterogeneous nature, diverse QoS requirements of emergent different applications. With the advent of high bandwidth 3G/4G technologies, like LTE, LTE-advanced, the necessity of QoS provision becomes even crucial. Uplink scheduling with QoS provision is considered here. The contribution of this work is uplink packet scheduling scheme maintaining QoS provision at the granular level while maximizing the revenue of network operator. Proposed scheme is generalized for all kinds of traffic. In order to demonstrate the results, we limit the classifications of traffic to best effort, traffic with delay requirement and traffic with bandwidth requirement. Through extensive simulation, we have justified the effectiveness and strength of the proposed scheme.
Differential Susceptibility of Heart, Skin, and Islet Allografts to T Cell-Mediated Rejection1

Although it is widely accepted that there is a hierarchy in the susceptibility of different allografts to rejection, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. We show that the increased susceptibility of H-2Kb+ skin and islet allografts to rejection is not based on their ability to activate more H-2Kb-specific T cells in vivo; heart allografts stimulate the activation and proliferation of many more H-2Kb-specific T cells than either skin or islet allografts. Rejection of all three types of graft generate memory cells by 25 days posttransplant. These data provide evidence that neither tissue-specific Ags nor, surprisingly, the number of APCs carried in the graft dictate their susceptibility to T cell-mediated rejection and suggest that the graft microenvironment and size may play a more important role in determining the susceptibility of an allograft to rejection and resistance to tolerance induction.
S ep 2 01 0 Primordial Nucleosynthesis : The Predicted and Observed Abundances and Their Consequences

For a brief time in its early evolution the Universe was a cosm ic nuclear reactor. The expansion and cooling of the Universe limited this epoch to the first few minutes, allowing time for the synthesis in astrophysically interesting abundances of on ly the lightest nuclides (D, 3He, 4He, 7Li). For big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the standard mode ls of cosmology and particle physics (SBBN), the SBBN-predicted abundances depend on on ly one adjustable parameter, the baryon density parameter (the ratio by number of baryons (nu cleons) to photons). The predicted and observed abundances of the relic light elements are revi w d, testing the internal consistency of primordial nucleosynthesis. The consistency of BBN is al so explored by comparing the values of the cosmological parameters inferred from primordial nu cleosynthesis for the standard model and for models with non-standard early Universe expansion r ates with those determined from studies of the cosmic background radiation, which provides a snapshot of the Universe some 400 thousand years after BBN ended.
Economic Geography and Innovation Studies 2018 / 06 Beyond the ' single path view ' : Inter-path relationships in regional contexts

Recurrent economic and financial crises, globalisation, digitalisation and climate change are posing major challenges for regional economies to constantly renew their industrial structures. Over the past few years much progress has been made in understanding how new path development unfolds in a regional context. However, most conceptualisations and empirical analyses to date have mainly been focused on one new path or path development activities in one nascent industry only. Potential relationships between emerging paths have been neglected and as a consequence little is known about how new paths shape each other’s evolution. This paper develops a framework to analyse the nature of relationships between multiple new regional growth paths. We suggest that paths are either linked or unlinked and we discuss the role of agency in shaping the relationship between linked paths to be either supportive, competitive or neutral towards each other. We conclude by discussing implications for policy and identifying avenues for future research.
Compact Zeroth-order Resonance Loaded Microstrip Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for Wireless Body Area Networks / Brain Activity Detection

─ A novel bandwidth enhanced compact microstrip antenna for wireless body area networks (WBANs) applications is designed by loading zerothorder resonator (ZOR) structure. The broadband was realized by combining the ZOR resonant frequency with the microstrip patch resonant frequency. The patch dimensions of the antenna are 0. 212λc × 0. 310λc × 0. 027λc, where λc is the wavelength of the lower cutoff frequency. By using the ZOR, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna increased by 150% compared to the reference microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna was fabricated. The measured and simulated the -10 dB |S11| bandwidth are 5.5% (2.352-2.485 GHz) and 6.7% (2.320-2.481 GHz), respectively. Thus, the antenna covers the medical BAN (MBAN) band (2.36-2.4 GHz) and the 2.4–2.48 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. From the simulated and measured results, both the microstrip patch mode and the ZOR mode of the proposed antenna radiate uni-directionally. The gains of the antenna are 2.56 dBi and 4.54 dBi at the ZOR mode and microstrip patch mode, respectively. The off-body characteristics of the antenna were investigated and compared with the free-space characteristics. As the antenna was mounted as off-body, the simulated and measured impedance bandwidths of the antenna are 5.5% (2.352-2.484 GHz) and 4.7% (2.35-2.465 GHz), respectively. Although the bandwidths are reduced, the ISM band and the MBAN band are still covered. Though the antenna with tissue backing has increased back radiation, good unidirectionally radiation patterns are also observed. The robust off-body performances reveal that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for WBAN applications. In addition, to evaluate its safety for brain activity detection, the electromagnetic radiation energy of antennas was considered and the safety performance of the antenna is studied by measuring the value of specific absorption rate (SAR). Index Terms ─ Band-width, brain activity detection, compact, off-body performance, SAR, wireless bodyarea network (WBAN), ZOR.
Regularized Greedy Algorithms for Neural Network Training with Data Noise

The aim of this paper is to construct a modified greedy algorithm applicable for an ill-posed function approximation problem in presence of data noise. This algorithm, coupled with a suitable stopping rule, can be interpreted as an iterative regularization method. We provide a detailed convergence analysis of the algorithm in presence of noise, and discuss optimal choices of parameters. As a consequence of this analysis, we also obtain results on the optimal choice of the network size in presence of noise. Finally, we discuss the application of the modified greedy algorithm to sigmoidal neural networks and radial basis functions, and supplement the theoretical results by numerical experiments.
Compensatory milk production within the bovine udder: effects of short-term non-milking of single quarters

Summary Daily quarter-milk yields of eight high-yielding cows (24–28 kg/d) and eight heifers (14–24 kg/d) were measured to examine compensatory changes in milk production between quarters within an udder. Either one, two or three quarters per cow were left unmilked for 12 d, in early or late lactation, and then all quarters of all cows were milked normally for a further period of 12 d. Concentrate feeding levels were constant throughout the experiment. The mean daily yield per cow fell to 26, 59 and 75% during the period of milking either one, two or three quarters respectively. Twelve days after resumption of normal milking the total daily yield per cow was the same for cows continuously milked in two, three or all four quarters. Daily yield in cows with only one quarter milked continuously recovered to only 78% of the level of the pretreatment period. During the treatment period, the mean daily yield of the continuously milked quarters increased by almost 14% for cows milked in one quarter only, by more than 10% for two quarters milked, and by 4% per quarter if three quarters were milked. Milk yields of these quarters remained above their pretreatment levels when milking was resumed in the adjacent quarters. There was no difference in the compensatory effect between cows and heifers in early lactation, but the compensatory effects were lower in late lactation heifers.
Stochastic Centre Workshop in Statistics for Gene and Protein Expression

Introduction Identification of factors that influence gene and protein expression are fundamental problems in molecular biology. High throughput techniques such as microarrays, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry pose a number of fascinating and challenging statistical problems in experimental planning and data analysis. The statistical analysis in these areas, often in close cooperation with scientists from biology and medicine, have since the late nineties been highly active research fields. 30 minutes are reserved for each talk, followed by 5 minutes for questions. The open pre-workshop seminars will take place at the department of mathematical sciences at Chalmers, lecture hall Euler, on Tuesday May 9. The main workshop will be located at Nya Varvet, by the sea in Gothenburg. For more information visit: Talk Abstracts Tuesday May 9: Open pre-workshop seminars Docent promotion lecture: Finding the needle in the haystack-Multiple testing in biological experiments Petter Mostadway In modern medical and biological research, results are often obtained through complex experiments where inference about thousands of variables or hypotheses is required. The statistical methods traditionally used in biological research can reasonably handle a couple or a handful of hypotheses, and can give very wrong results if applied uncritically on data from for example mi-croarray experiments. In this lecture, I will describe some of the approaches that can be used in such contexts, where inference must be made simultaneously for a long list of hypotheses.The emphasis may be on limiting the possibility of a single falsely rejected null hypothesis (controlling the family-wise error rate) or it may be on controlling the rate of such errors (the false discovery rate). Methods may be based on simply counting the number of hypotheses, or on the dependency between the hypotheses, using for example permutations. Another approach is to estimate the probabilities of different combinations of hypotheses and their alternatives, thus avoiding the hypothesis testing framework. The ideas will be illustrated with various examples from modern biological research, such as microarray experiments, search for regulatory motifs, and EST expression mining.
Speech Dysfluencies in Normal and Pathological Aging: A Comparison between Alzheimer Patients and Healthy Elderly Subjects

The aim of this study is to determine the speech characteristics of 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in comparison with those of 20 age, sex, and socio-economic matched healthy controls. The first research is designed to study temporal organization of speech in the context of normal and pathological cognitive aging, and in the evolution of Alzheimer dementia using five variables: Verbal Rate, Transformed Phonation Rate, Mean Duration of Pauses, Standardized Phonation Time, and Standardized Pause Rate. We investigated also the frequency and the duration of pauses and lengthening considered as dysfluencies. The results show that patient's discourse is marked by frequent silent pauses and lengthening. A decline of productivity, measured with verbal rate; low effectiveness of time of phonation, reflected by transformed phonation rate measure; and an increase number of pauses, measured with standardized pause rate were observed in the group of Alzheimer patients more affected than the group of patients at mild to moderate stage.
The effectiveness of Group therapy of mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) on test anxiety and assertiveness of Dysthymia students

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Group therapy of mindfulness -based stress reduction (MBSR) on test anxiety and assertiveness of Dysthymia students. The method of this study is experimental testing with pretest and posttest control group design. In which each group is selected by random sampling and are tested twice. The statistic population is selected from high school students with Dysthymia and these students with test anxiety and assertiveness, which had Dysthymia, participated in 10 sessions of mindfulness therapy based on MBSR. The results of the covariance analysis confirm the effectiveness of MBSR therapy on test anxiety and assertiveness of students with Dysthymia. The current study indicates that MBSR can reduce test anxiety and depression and increase the courageous behavior.
Binding of Ikaros to the λ5 promoter silences transcription through a mechanism that does not require heterochromatin formation

The Ikaros family of proteins are DNA binding factors required for correct development of B and T lymphocytes. Cytogenetic studies have shown that these proteins form complexes with pericentromeric heterochromatin in B cells, and the colocalization of transcriptionally silent genes with these complexes suggests that Ikaros could silence transcription by recruiting genes to heterochromatin. Here we show that a site in the λ5 promoter that binds Ikaros and Aiolos is required for silencing of λ5 expression in activated mature B cells. Analysis of methylation and nuclease accessibility indicates that the silenced λ5 gene is not heterochromatinized in B cells, despite being associated with pericentromeric heterochromatin clusters. We also found that a promoter mutation, which affects Ikaros‐mediated silencing of λ5 expression, is not rescued in a transgenic line that has the gene integrated into pericentromeric heterochromatin. Our results indicate that the Ikaros proteins initiate silencing of λ5 expression through a direct effect on the promoter with localization to pericentromeric heterochromatin likely to affect the action of Ikaros on regulatory sequences rather than causing heterochromatinization of the gene.
Cognitive Abilities of Musicians

Playing music may involve different cognitive domains, but previous studies of musicians and patients with brain lesions have reported inconsistent associations between music performances and other cognitive functions. Fine musical performance may be associated with high executive and control functions. 21 skilled musicians and 21 age- and education-matched healthy controls with no specific musical competence were compared on attentive, executive, linguistic, perceptual, praxic, memory, and theory of mind functions, using standardized neuropsychological tests. No differences between the musicians and controls, music composers and performers, or between soloists or orchestral players were observed. In musicians, there was no correlation between the test scores and amount of music education. Findings based on these musician groups, carefully evaluated, suggest further exploration of associations of distinct components of music comprehension and expression with different cognitive functions and behavioral aspects.
Do Geological or Climatic Processes Drive Speciation in Dynamic Archipelagos? the Tempo and Mode of Diversification in Southeast Asian Shrews

Geological and climatic processes potentially alter speciation rates by generating and modifying barriers to dispersal. In Southeast Asia, two processes have substantially altered the distribution of land. Volcanic uplift produced many new islands during the Miocene—Pliocene and repeated sea level fluctuations during the Pleistocene resulted in intermittent land connections among islands. Each process represents a potential driver of diversification. We use a phylogenetic analysis of a group of Southeast Asian shrews (Crocidura) to examine geographic and temporal processes of diversification. In general, diversification has taken place in allopatry following the colonization of new areas. Sulawesi provides an exception, where we cannot reject within-island speciation for a clade of eight sympatric and syntopic species. We find only weak support for temporally declining diversification rates, implying that neither volcanic uplift nor sea level fluctuations had a strong effect on diversification rates. We suggest that dynamic archipelagos continually offer new opportunities for allopatric diversification, thereby sustaining high speciation rates over long periods of time, or Southeast Asian shrews represent an immature radiation on a density-dependent trajectory that has yet to fill geographic and ecological space.
Systemic Resistance Induced by Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi in Arabidopsis thaliana

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) were extracted and identified from plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF), Phoma sp. , Cladosporium sp. and Ampelomyces sp. , using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the three VOC extracted, two VOC blends (emitted from Ampelomyces sp. and Cladosporium sp.) significantly reduced disease severity in Arabidopsis plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Subsequently, m-cresol and methyl benzoate (MeBA) were identified as major active volatile compounds from Ampelomyces sp. and Cladosporium sp. , respectively, and found to elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) against the pathogen. Molecular signaling for disease suppression by the VOC were investigated by treating different mutants and transgenic Arabidopsis plants impaired in salicylic acid (SA) or Jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signaling pathways with m-cresol and MeBA followed by challenge inoculation with Pst. Results show that the level of protection was significantly lower when JA/ET-impaired mutants were treated with MeBA, and in SA-, and JA/ET-disrupted mutants after m-cresol treatment, indicating the involvement of these signal transduction pathways in the ISR primed by the volatiles. Analysis of defense-related genes by real-time qRT-PCR showed that both the SA-and JA-signaling pathways combine in the m-cresol signaling of ISR, whereas MeBA is mainly involved in the JA-signaling pathway with partial recruitment of SA-signals. The ET-signaling pathway was not employed in ISR by the volatiles. Therefore, this study identified two novel volatile components capable of eliciting ISR that may be promising candidates in biological control strategy to protect plants from diseases.
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: The Secret World of Women as Seen by Men

Efforts aimed at the abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the communities where it is deeply rooted have extensively considered and addressed women's perceptions on the issue, leaving those of men barely acknowledged. Although the practice is generally confined to the secret world of women, it does not mean that men cannot be influential. Indeed, men can play an important role in prevention. In order to address this gap, and having as background an extensive ethnographic field work, a transversal descriptive study was designed to explore Gambian men's knowledge and attitudes towards FGM/C, as well as related practices in their family/household. Results show ethnic identity, more than religion, as the decisive shaping factor on how men conceive and value FGM/C. The greater support towards the practice is found among traditionally practicing groups. A substantial proportion of men intend to have it performed on their daughters, although reporting a low involvement in the decision making process, with very few taking alone the final decision. Only a minority is aware of FGM/C health consequences, but those who understand its negative impact on the health and well-being of girls and women are quite willing to play a role in its prevention.
Productivity Shocks and Delayed Exchange-Rate Overshooting

This paper uses a 'new open economy macroeconomics' model to study the effect of a productivity shock on exchange rate dynamics. The special features of the model are that households' preferences exhibit a 'catching up with the Joneses' effect and that international financial markets are imperfectly integrated. Numerical simulations of the model are used to demonstrate that these features imply that, in an otherwise standard ? new open economy macroeconomics' model, a productivity shock can give rise to a delayed overshooting of the exchange rate.
Carbohydrate transport in bacteria.

INTRODUCTION 385 FACILITATED DIFFUSION 386 Glycerol Transport System in Escherichia coli . 386 Facilitated Diffusion Systems in Other Bacteria . 387 OSMOTIC SHOCK-SENSITIVE ACTIVE TRANSPORT . 387 Maltose Transport System in E. coli . 388 Other Shock-Sensitive Systems. 390 PROTON-LINKED ACTIVETRANSPORT. 390 Principles of Chemiosmotic Coupling. 390 Lactose-Proton Symport . 391 Mechanism of Energization of Lactose Uptake 394 SODIUM-MELIBIOSE COTRANSPORT IN E. COLIAND SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. 395 GROUP TRANSLOCATION 397 Phosphoenolpyruvate:Sugar Phosphotransferase System: Recent Developments 397 Distribution of Phosphotransferase Systems in Bacteria 399 REGULATION OF CARBOHYDRATE UPTAKE IN BACTERIA . 401 Competition for Sugar Binding to Permease Proteins 401 Phosphotransferase System-Mediated Regulation 402 Inhibition of Sugar Uptake by Intracellular Sugar Phosphates 403 Control of Permease Activities by the Energized Membrane State. 403 Competition for Phospho-HPr: Regulation of Sugar Uptake via the Phosphotransferase System. 404 Inducer Expulsion 405 EXOGENOUS INDUCTION OF BACTERIAL PERMEASE SYNTHESIS 406 Proteins Induced by Exogenous Inducers 406 Physiological and Mechanistic Significance of Extracellular Induction 407 Mechanistic Studies on uhp Induction 408 Induced Synthesis of Phosphotransferase System Proteins 409 CONCLUDING REMARKS 410 LITERATURE CITED 411