Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Simplified Chinese Version of the Suitability Assessment of Materials for the Evaluation of Health-Related Information for Adults: Translation and Validation Study

Background Suitable health education materials can educate people about the potential harms of high-risk factors, leading to expected behavior changes and improved health outcomes. However, most patient education materials were not suitable in terms of content, structure, design, composition, and language, as stated in the literature. There is a pressing need to use well-designed scales to assess the suitability of health education materials. Although such assessment is a common practice in English-speaking communities, few assessment tools are available in mainland China. Objective This study aimed to translate the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) for the evaluation of health-related information for adults into a simplified Chinese version (S-C-SAM) and validate its reliability for evaluating the suitability of health education materials written in simplified Chinese in mainland China. Methods The SAM was translated into an S-C-SAM in three steps: (1) translating the SAM into an S-C-SAM, (2) translating the S-C-SAM back into an English version, and (3) testing the translation equivalence between the 2 English versions (original and back-translated) of the SAM linguistically and culturally. Any differences between these 2 English versions were resolved through a panel discussion. The validity of the S-C-SAM was determined by measuring its content validity index. The final version of the S-C-SAM was used by 3 native Chinese-speaking health educators to assess 15 air pollution–related health education materials. The Cohen κ coefficient and Cronbach α were calculated to determine the interrater agreement and internal consistency of the S-C-SAM. Results We agreed on the final version of the S-C-SAM after settling the discrepancies between the 2 English versions (original and back-translated) and revising 2 items (sentences) rated negatively in content validation. The S-C-SAM was proven valid and reliable: the content validity index was 0.95 both in clarity and in relevance, the Cohen κ coefficient for the interrater agreement was 0.61 (P<.05), and Cronbach α for the internal consistency of the whole scale was . 71. Conclusions The S-C-SAM is the first simplified Chinese version of the SAM. It has been proven valid and reliable for evaluating the suitability of air pollution–related health education materials written in simplified Chinese in mainland China. It has the potential to be used for assessing the suitability of health education materials specifically selected for other health education purposes.
Early access schemes for innovative health technologies: the views of international stakeholders

Abstract Objectives Early access schemes (EASs) are approaches used by payers to balance and facilitate earlier patient access to innovative health technologies while evidence generation is ongoing. Schemes require investment from payers and are associated with significant risk since not all technologies will be routinely reimbursed. The purpose of this study was to gain the perspectives of policy experts about the key challenges for EASs and potential solutions for their optimal design and implementation. Methods Two virtual workshops were convened including (i) UK-based policy experts (England, Wales, and Scotland) and (ii) representatives from multiple healthcare systems (England, France, Sweden, Canada, Poland, and Norway). Participants were encouraged to share their experiences with EASs in their healthcare system and highlight key challenges for policy makers. Discussions were transcribed and analyzed using framework analysis. Results Participants agreed that EASs have value when targeted toward innovative technologies with the potential for significant clinical benefit in an area of high unmet need. Participants discussed potential solutions to the challenges faced by payers implementing EASs, including defining eligibility criteria, supporting evidence generation, and approaches to reimbursement. Conclusions Participants agreed that EASs are one possible solution for their healthcare systems and have the potential to deliver significant clinical value to patients. However, widespread adoption of EASs is limited due to concerns about the risks for patients and healthcare budgets, further solutions are needed to deliver EASs for targeted therapies.
Nonuniform sampling schemes of the Brillouin zone for many-electron perturbation-theory calculations in reduced dimensionality

First principles calculations based on many-electron perturbation theory methods, such as the \textit{ab initio} GW and GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) approach, are reliable ways to predict quasiparticle and optical properties of materials, respectively. However, these methods involve more care in treating the electron-electron interaction and are considerably more computationally demanding when applied to systems with reduced dimensionality, since the electronic confinement leads a slower convergence of sums over the Brillouin zone due to a much more complicated screening environment that manifests in the "head" and "neck" elements of the dielectric matrix. Here, we present two new schemes to sample the Brillouin zone for GW and GW-BSE calculations: the non-uniform neck subsampling method and the clustered sampling interpolation method, which can respectively be used for a family of single-particle problems, such as GW calculations, and for problems involving the scattering of two-particle states, such as when solving the BSE. We tested these methods on several few-layer semiconductors and graphene and show that they perform a much more efficient sampling of the Brillouin zone and yield two to three orders of magnitude reduction in the computer time. These two methods can be readily incorporated into several \textit{ab initio} packages that compute electronic and optical properties through the GW and GW-BSE approaches.
Entanglement and nonlocality in a coupled-cavity system

No instrument is able to measure directly the quantum entanglement of a system. However, both theory and experiment, following the well-known Bell inequality, reveal the existence of the entanglement phenomenon in quantum mechanics. To examine the characterization of quantum entanglement, here we present a two-site cavity system, in which each cavity contains a Λ-type three-level atom and the two sites are identical and coupled with each other. We investigate and calculate the bipartite entanglement entropy of the system for the ground states. For photons of different types, corresponding to the two ground states of the atom, we investigate the correlations and violation of the Bell inequality.
Computation and Visualization in Multiscale Modelling of DNA Mechanics

Amongst the substances found in any living organism one of the most central in the workings of each living cell is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). For that reason it has been the subject of research in many of its aspects. These range from DNA sequencing to atomistic-level structural analysis. The most well known property of DNA is its coding function â the fact that it is the carrier of genetic information. It is, however, only a small fraction of the whole DNA (1% in humans) that is responsible for coding for proteins. The other functions of DNA such as transcription, replication and recombination are apparently strongly influenced by mechanical properties of the molecule, i.e. its shape and flexibility at the length scale of several hundreds of base pairs. These, in turn, differ with the sequence. Our main goal here is to provide tools that facilitate the analysis of such sequence-dependent statistical mechanical properties of DNA. Our considerations concern two recently introduced sequence-dependent models of DNA mechanics. The first one, called cgDNA, is a discrete, rigid base, nearest neighbour model with a shifted quadratic energy depending on the internal parameters of the 3D configuration. In this context we describe a method of maximum entropy fitting that can be applied in the procedure of extracting cgDNA parameters from molecular dynamics simulation data. We also introduce a formulation within the cgDNA framework that allows modelling of long, repeating sequences as well as closed loops of DNA. We apply this formulation to analyse superhelical structures of the intrinsic shape of such repeating sequences. Finally a technique for efficiently computing persistence lengths of short (âŒ 200 bp long) DNA oligomers using an optimized Monte Carlo code within the cgDNA model is presented. The second mechanics model of DNA to be considered is the continuous elastic birod. In this setting the DNA is modelled as two long, thin elastic rods with local, elastic interactions. The associated sequence-dependent birod Hamiltonian system has coefficient functions extracted from the cgDNA model. For this model we address issues concerning the use of these coefficients in numerical computation. We then describe the bBDNA software, which provides a graphical user interface for running computations within the model. We end with a presentation of example results of numerical simulations obtained using bBDNA and numerical techniques adapted from elastic rod models.
The in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of aloperine against Zika virus infection

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection poses a significant threat to global public health and is associated with microcephaly. There are no approved ZIKV‐specific vaccines or drugs for the clinical treatment of the infection. Currently, there are no approved ZIKV‐specific vaccines or drugs for the clinical treatment of the infection. In this study, we investigated the antiviral potential of aloperine, a quinolizidine alkaloid, against ZIKV infection in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that aloperine effectively inhibits ZIKV infection in vitro, with a low nanomolar half maximal effective concentration (EC50). Specifically, aloperine strongly protected cells from ZIKV multiplication, as indicated by decreased expression of viral proteins and virus titer. Our further investigations using the time‐of‐drug‐addition assay, binding, entry, and replication assays, detection of ZIKV strand‐specific RNA, the cellular thermal shift assay, and molecular docking revealed that aloperine significantly inhibits the replication stage of the ZIKV life cycle by targeting the domain RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) of ZIKV NS5 protein. Additionally, aloperine reduced viremia in mice and effectively lowered the mortality rate in infected mice. These findings highlight the potency of aloperine and its ability to target ZIKV infection, suggesting its potential as a promising antiviral drug against ZIKV.
E-cient Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering Problem Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

This paper describes a novel approach for e-ciently solving electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). As a proof of concept and demonstration of how to use the POD to solve EM scattering problems, two ways of implementa- tion of the POD procedure have been proposed and realized for calculating EM scattering from 2D PEC targets using electric fleld integral equation (EFIE) for TE polarization and magnetic fleld integral equation (MFIE) for TM polarization. Preliminary results obtained show that the POD is quite accurate for reconstructing backscatter patterns over wide range of frequencies and angles of interest based on the given snapshots.
and the Stickiness of Income Tax Burden: Big Data Analysis Based on China A-share Listed Companies

This paper uses the panel data of China A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2019 to calculate the manipulable accruals and explore the impact of cor-porateearningsmanagementonthestickinessofincometaxburden.Theempirical resultsshowthatforevery1%increaseincorporateproﬁtbeforetax,thecurrent incometaxwillincreaseby0.76%;forevery1%decreaseincorporateproﬁt beforetax,thecurrentincometaxwilldecreaseby0.41%. Thereisasigniﬁcant positivecorrelationbetweenearningsmanagementbehaviorandthestickinessof corporateincometaxburden.Thehigherthedegreeofearningsmanagement,the greaterthestickinessofincometaxburden.Asampleregressionofenterprises withdifferentpropertyrightsshowsthatthepositivecorrelationbetweenearnings managementandthestickinessofincometaxburdeninstate-ownedenterprises ismoresigniﬁcant.
Electroencephalography Electroencephalography

Epileptic spike and wave discharges monitored with EEG Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain. [5] In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a short period of time, usually 20–40 minutes, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. In neurology, the main diagnostic application of EEG is in the case of epilepsy, as epileptic activity can create clear abnormalities on a standard EEG study. [6] A secondary clinical use of EEG is in the diagnosis of coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. EEG used to be a first-line method for the diagnosis of tumors, stroke and other focal brain disorders, but this use has decreased with the advent of anatomical imaging techniques with high (<1 mm) spatial resolution such as MRI and CT. Despite limited spatial resolution, EEG continues to be a valuable tool for research and diagnosis, especially when millisecond-range temporal resolution (not possible with CT or MRI) is required.
The risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a predominant route of infection for children in Ethiopia. No study has so far reported a nationwide estimate of the risk of MTCT of HBV. We conducted a meta-analysis of surveys and estimated the pooled risk of MTCT of HBV in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODOLOGY We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Africa Index Medicus, and Google Scholar databases for peer-reviewed articles. The pooled risk of MTCT of HBV was estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird technique with logit transformed proportions and statistical heterogeneity was estimated using I2 statistic, which was explored by subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS The overall pooled risk of MTCT of HBV in Ethiopia was 25.5% (95% CI, 13.4%-42.9%). In women without HIV infection, the risk of MTCT of HBV was 20.7% (95% CI 2.8%-70.4%), and 32.2% (95% CI 28.1%-36.7%) in women with HIV infection. After excluding the outlier study, the risk of MTCT of HBV in studies that included only HIV negative women was 9.4% (95% CI, 5.1%-16.6%). CONCLUSIONS The risk of MTCT of HBV in Ethiopia widely varied by HBV/HIV coinfection. A sustainable control and elimination of HBV in Ethiopia requires improved access to birth-dose HBV vaccine and implement immunoglobulin prophylaxis for exposed infants. Given the limited health resources in Ethiopia, prenatal antiviral prophylaxis integrated with antenatal care may be a cost-effective approach to significantly reduce the risk of MTCT of HBV.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis impairs M2R-GIRK signaling in the mouse sinoatrial node

Significance Altered heart rate variability (HRV), arising from impaired chronotropic response of sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker activity to vagal input, has been proposed as an early diagnostic marker in sepsis. However, the underlying pathophysiological changes in the SAN have not been investigated yet. We identified the downstream M2R-GIRK signaling in a lipopolysaccharide-induced proxy septic model is impaired, consequent to reduced expression of GIRK isoforms, leading to compromised chronotropic regulation of SAN pacemaking and HRV by IKACh. Intriguingly, downregulation of GIRK channels was not directly mediated by the common proinflammatory cytokines elevated in sepsis. Our findings provide insights into parasympathetic regulation of SAN and clinical monitoring of altered HRV in sepsis, which potentially help to reduce risk of death in patients.
A Note on the Maximal Estrada Index of Trees with a Given Bipartition

Let G be a simple graph with n vertices and let λ1 ,λ 2 ,. ,λ n be the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. The Estrada index EE of G is the sum of the terms e λ i . L etT (p, q) denote the set of all trees with a given (p, q)-bipartition, where q ≥ p ≥ 2. And D(p, q) denotes the double star which is obtained by joining the centers of two stars Sp and Sq by an edge. In this note, we will show that D(p, q) has the maximal Estrada index in T (p, q).
Electron, Photon, and Neutron Dose Conversion Coefficients of Lens and Non-Lens Tissues Using a Multi-Tissue Eye Model to Assess Risk of Cataracts and Retinitis

Previous publications describe the estimation of the dose from ionizing radiation to the whole lens or parts of it but have not considered other eye tissues that are implicated in cataract development; this is especially critical for low-dose, low-ionizing-density exposures. A recent review of the biological mechanisms of radiation-induced cataracts showed that lenticular oxidative stress can be increased by inflammation and vascular damage to non-lens tissues in the eye. Also, the radiation oxygen effect indicates different radiosensitivities for the vascular retina and the severely hypoxic lens. Therefore, this study uses the Monte Carlo N-Particle simulations to quantify dose conversion coefficients for several eye tissues for incident antero-posterior exposure to electrons, photons, and neutrons (and the tertiary electron component of neutron exposure). A stylized, multi-tissue eye model was developed by modifying a model by Behrens et al. (2009) to include the retina, uvea, sclera, and lens epithelial cell populations. Electron exposures were simulated as a single eye, whereas photon and neutron exposures were simulated employing two eyes embedded in the ADAM-EVA phantom. For electrons and photons, dose conversion coefficients are highest for either anterior tissues for low-energy incident particles or posterior tissues for high-energy incident particles. Neutron dose conversion coefficients generally increase with increasing incident energy for all tissues. The ratio of the absorbed dose delivered to each tissue to the absorbed dose delivered to the whole lens demonstrated the considerable deviation of non-lens tissue doses from lens doses, depending on particle type and its energy. These simulations demonstrate that there are large variations in the dose to various ocular tissues depending on the incident radiation dose coefficients; this large variation will potentially impact cataract development.
Liquid Metal Combinatorics toward Materials Discovery

Liquid metals and their derivatives provide several opportunities for fundamental and practical exploration worldwide. However, the increasing number of studies and shortage of desirable materials to fulfill different needs also pose serious challenges. Herein, to address this issue, a generalized theoretical frame that is termed as “Liquid Metal Combinatorics” (LMC) is systematically presented, and summarizes promising candidate technical routes toward new generation material discovery. The major categories of LMC are defined, and eight representative methods for manufacturing advanced materials are outlined. It is illustrated that abundant targeted materials can be efficiently designed and fabricated via LMC through deep physical combinations, chemical reactions, or both among the main bodies of liquid metals, surface chemicals, precipitated ions, and other materials. This represents a large class of powerful, reliable, and modular methods for innovating general materials. The achieved combinatorial materials not only maintained the typical characteristics of liquid metals but also displayed distinct tenability. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies, wide extensibility, and pivotal applications of LMC are classified. Finally, by interpreting the developmental trends in the area, a perspective on the LMC is provided, which warrants its promising future for society.
Reporting characteristics of nonsurgical periodontal therapy trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: an observational study

Aim: To evaluate the completeness of the description of nonsurgical periodontal therapy interventions in clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and correspondence of registered information for trial participants and outcome measures with published articles. Materials & methods: We retrieved data from ClinicalTrials.gov and corresponding publications. The completeness of intervention reporting was assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist for oral hygiene instructions (OHI), professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR), and subgingival instrumentation, antiseptics and antibiotics. The completeness of registration of trial protocol information was assessed according to the WHO Trial Registration DataSet for participant information (enrollment, sample size calculation, age, gender, condition) and primary/secondary outcome measures. Results: 79 included trials involved OHI (n = 38 trials, 48.1%), PMPR (n = 19, 24.1%), antiseptics (n = 11, 12.7%), or antibiotics (n = 11, 12.7%). There was a great variety in the terms used to describe these interventions. Most of the analyzed trials (93.7%) were completed and did not provide any data on study phase (74.7%). The description of intervention in the registry in ClinicalTrials.gov was inadequate for all analyzed interventions, with description inconsistencies in matching publications. There were also discrepancies in registered and published outcomes: for 39 trials with published results, 18 had different registered and reported primary outcomes, and 29 different registered and reported secondary outcomes. Conclusion: The completeness of the description of nonsurgical therapy of periodontitis in clinical trials is unsatisfactory, reducing the quality of translation of the new evidence and procedures into clinical practice. Significant discrepancy in registered and reported trial outcomes calls into question the validity of reported results and relevance for practice.
Introducing Film Cooling Uniformity Coefficient

ABSTRACT An optimal performance film cooling implies a high cooling effectiveness along with a wide surface cooling coverage. During the past decades, film cooling effectiveness has been well defined with a specific formula to evaluate the quality of a cooling system. However, despite numerous research on film cooling, there is still no explicit parameter to quantify how well a coolant film is spread over a hot surface. This work introduces a new coefficient namely cooling uniformity coefficient (CUC) to evaluate how well a coolant film is spread over a surface that is being cooled. Four different cases at two blowing ratios of 0.5 and 1.5 are studied. Three cases are ordinary single jets with different cross sections whereas the fourth one is a novel combined-triple-jet, sometimes called anti-vortex-holes, introduced in a previous work. The cross sections of all four cases were kept the same to have equal coolant mass flow rate. This article suggests that CUC is a necessary parameter in order to have a well performance film cooling system, in addition to the film cooling effectiveness. Indeed, CUC evaluates how well coolant films are spread over hot surfaces which is very important from thermal loads and thermal stress points of view.