Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel regulation of procollagen I and colligin, a collagen-binding protein and a member of the serine protease inhibitor family

A potential regulatory linkage between the biosynthesis of colligin, a collagen-binding protein of the ER, and procollagen I was examined under a variety of experimental conditions. Cell lines which did not produce a significant amount of procollagen I mRNA also lacked the capacity to produce colligin mRNA. Anchorage-dependent cell lines like L6 myoblasts and normal rat kidney fibroblasts produced both colligin and procollagen I mRNA, but the level of both was concurrently reduced considerably in their ras-transformed counterparts. Similarly, during the differentiation of L6 myoblasts, levels of both colligin and procollagen declined together. Treatment of myoblasts by dexamethasone or EGF led to a decrease in the steady-state levels of procollagen I mRNA, and this was, again, accompanied by a decrease in colligin mRNA synthesis. On the other hand, when the rate of procollagen I synthesis was stimulated by treatment of myoblasts with TGF beta, it led to the concurrent augmentation of both the mRNA and protein levels of colligin. A linkage between the regulation of synthesis of procollagen I and colligin thus seems to exist. The only exception to this generalization is provided by the heat induction behavior of the two proteins. Treatment of myoblasts for a very short period leads to an increase in the synthesis of both the mRNA and protein levels of colligin. This, however, is not accompanied by a change in the mRNA levels of procollagen I. These studies establish that colligin and procollagen are generally tightly co-regulated except after heat shock, suggesting an important functional linkage.
A 10-bit 110 kS/s 1.16  $\mu\hbox{W}$ SA-ADC With a Hybrid Differential/Single-Ended DAC in 180-nm CMOS for Multichannel Biomedical Applications

A 10-bit 110-kS/s successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for multichannel biomedical applications is presented. In order to achieve low-power operation, the ADC utilizes a reduced-speed dynamic comparator, a low-complexity calibration technique, a hybrid single/differential digital-to-analog converter architecture, and an attenuation capacitor with low sensitivity to mismatch errors. Fabricated in 180-nm CMOS, this ADC consumes a total power of 1.16 μW from 1.5 V/1.2 V analog/digital power supplies. The integral nonlinearity is between -1.23 LSB and 1.19 LSB, whereas the differential nonlinearity is between -0.71 LSB and 0.92 LSB. The ADC signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio and spurious-free dynamic range are 56.1 and 67 dB with a 39.5-kHz sinusoid input, respectively. The ADC figure-of-merit is of 20 fJ per conversion step, which is very competitive, as compared with state-of-the-art ADCs in similar 180-nm CMOS technologies.
The Color of Hunger: Food Insecurity and Racial Inequality in Brazil

Brazil’s 2009 National Household Survey provides information on a representative sample of 121,708 households and includes items that enable us to identify households that experience “moderate” and “severe” degrees of food insecurity. Using the two measures of food insecurity as dependent variables in logistic regression analyses, the results show that Brazil’s indigenous population suffers the highest and the Asian-descent population enjoys the lowest level of food insecurity. The findings further support the hypothesis that, other things being equal, Afro-Brazilians experience higher rates of food insecurity compared to whites. Net of statistical controls for region, urban residence, age, monthly per capita household income and gender of the head of household, the odds of moderate and severe food insecurity are, respectively, 31 percent and 45 percent higher among brown compared to white households. Among black households, the odds of moderate and severe food insecurity are 50 percent and 73 percent higher, respectively, compared to households headed by a person who declares themselves white. Estimates of the color differences in food insecurity in 2009 represent a novel contribution to the study of racial inequality and discrimination. The findings provide a benchmark against which future studies can assess the effectiveness of the food-related components of Brazil’s new social policy agenda.
Will Widgets and Semantic Tagging Change Computational Biology?

We argue here, through the use of several examples from our work in support of structural biology, that the answer to the question posed by the title of this Perspective is a resounding yes. The discussion that follows is aimed primarily at those of the journal's readers who are biological resource developers and Web page developers interested in developing the richest possible Web pages. However, those of you who simply use biological resources might find this a helpful discussion in understanding what is on the horizon. Whatever your interest, please let us hear your opinion on the question posed by this Perspective through the associated comment feature.
Role of cyclic AMP in the eye with glaucoma

Glaucoma is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of the optic nerve, including retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the optic nerve head (ONH), leading to visual impairment. Despite its high prevalence, the biological basis of glaucoma pathogenesis still is not yet fully understood, and the factors contributing to its progression are currently not well characterized. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor, and reduction of IOP is the standard treatment for glaucoma. However, lowering IOP itself is not always effective for preserving visual function in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The second messenger cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) regulates numerous biological processes in the central nervous system including the retina and the optic nerve. Although recent studies revealed that cAMP generated by adenylyl cyclases (ACs) is important in regulating aqueous humor dynamics in ocular tissues, such as the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork, as well as cell death and growth in the retina and optic nerve, the functional role and significance of cAMP in glaucoma remain to be elucidated. In this review, we will discuss the functional role of cAMP in aqueous humor dynamics and IOP regulation, and review the current medications, which are related to the cAMP signaling pathway, for glaucoma treatment. Also, we will further focus on cAMP signaling in RGC growth and regeneration by soluble AC as well as ONH astrocytes by transmembrane ACs to understand its potential role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma neurodegeneration
Testing for the Cointegrating Rank of a VAR Process with Level Shift at Unknown Time

A systems cointegration rank test is proposed which is applicable for vector autoregressive (VAR) processes with a structural shift at unknown time. The structural shift is modeled as a simple shift in the mean of the process. It is proposed to estimate the break date first on the basis of a full unrestricted VAR model. Two alternative estimators are considered and their asymptotic properties are derived. In the next step the deterministic part of the process including the shift size is estimated with a GLS procedure. Then the series are adjusted by subtracting the estimated deterministic part and a Johansen type test for the cointegrating rank is applied to the adjusted series. The test statistic is shown to have a well-known asymptotic null distribution which does not depend on the break date. The performance of the procedure in small samples is investigated by simulations. Finally, the procedure is applied for two sets of example series to illustrate its virtue for econometric analyses.
Fast Distributed Construction of Small k-Dominating Sets and Applications

This article presents a fast distributed algorithm to compute a smallk-dominating setD(for any fixedk) and to compute its induced graph partition (breaking the graph into radiuskclusters centered around the vertices ofD). The time complexity of the algorithm isO(klog*n). Smallk-dominating sets have applications in a number of areas, including routing with sparse routing tables, the design of distributed data structures, and center selection in a distributed network. The main application described in this article concerns a fast distributed algorithm for constructing a minimum-weight spanning tree (MST). On ann-vertex network of diameterd, the new algorithm constructs an MST in time, improving on previous results.
Female Victimization on Television: Extent, Nature and Context of On-screen Portrayals

A study is reported of the representation of females as victims of violence in drama programming on mainstream television channels in Britain. The data were extracted from a larger content analysis study of violence on television that covered 28 days of television output sampled across a 12-month period in 1995 and 1996. A total of 3,428 programs were monitored, amounting to 6,254.1 hours of television output. The current analysis was based on a sub-sample of 2,220 drama programs and televised cinema films. More than 1,800 acts of violence were recorded in which the victims were female. Most of these incidents occurred in films, with female victims tending most often to be white and aged between 20 and 35 years. The analysis examined the attributes of violence paying special attention to 'high-risk' factors known to influence audience reactions to televised violence. Most violent incidents in which females were targets were not characterized by high-risk attributes. Such violence tended most usually to take the form of fairly mild physical assault, attempted violence or verbal threats. Victims usually emerged unscathed or only slightly injured. Some incidents did occur in which high-risk factors were featured - including violence in a domestic setting, sexually motivated violence and rape, violence involving the use of a knife or sharp instrument, strangulation and torture, and violence that resulted in serious injury or death. Such risk factors generally occurred in isolation rather than in combination. The results are discussed in terms of the potential seriousness of television's representation offemale victimization in the context of adverse audience reactions
A DINloop-based inter-domain multicast using MPLS

To overcome scalability and control overhead problems existing in inter-domain multicast, DINloop (data-in-network loop) based multicast with MPLS is proposed. DINloop is a special logical path formed using MPLS label switched paths and it consists of multiple DIN nodes which are core routers that connect to each intra-domain. We use DINloop to manage inter-domain multicast group membership. Facilitated by the DINloop, multiple DIN nodes in the core network easily form a Steiner tree for multicast traffic. Furthermore, traffic for different multicast groups sharing the same path are aggregated through a label stack. Simulations demonstrate that DINloop-based multicast results in less message load needed to form the multicast structure. In addition, the routing table size in other core routers does not increase as the number of multicast group increases, and therefore routing scalability is improved. Finally, the inter-domain multicast delay in DINloop-based multicast is lower than that of a unidirectional tree.
Uvular-Pharyngeal Resonants in Interior Salish

1. In 1933, with the publication of Volume III of the Handbook of American Indian Languages, GladysReichard described Coeur d'Alene,2 an Interior Salish language, as having three r-sounds, one apical and two uvular (or faucal, in her terminology). That three types of r might exist in a language was not, however, completely accepted by other scholars. In 1937 Hans Vogt studied Kalispel,3 another Interior Salish language, and one of the languages closest to Coeur d'Alene both geographically and linguistically, and found no r-sounds. He did not reject Reichard's findings, but reinterpreted them-in a way which now seems misleading.4 He appears to have proceeded from a misunderstanding of Reichard's none-too-clear description of these sounds; her symbols are also misleading.
Will the Types of Jobs Being Created Enable Older Workers to Keep Working?

SUMMARY For a variety of reasons, the next decade will see a large rise in the supply of older workers. This paper posits a framework for assessing whether the economy will enable these workers to continue in the same or similar jobs if they so desire, by estimating the potential for future labor shortages and surpluses by industry. Findings suggest that a sufficient number of suitable jobs will be created, but that in several prominent industries labor mismatches will occur. This has varying implications for older workers and their employers, depending on which industry they are in, and for policy makers to consider targeted approaches to assist them.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Pricing long-term options with stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates

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Electroplated Copper for Heterogeneous Die Integration

This paper introduces a heterogeneous die integration process using electroplated copper to mount a bare die into a silicon handling wafer while simultaneously forming vertical, through-wafer vias. Deep reactive-ion etching is used to form openings in the handling wafer allowing the die to be flush-mounted for minimal device thickness. The backsides of the support wafer and die are coated by copper sputtering and electroplating, which physically secures the die in place. Electrical isolation is achieved through passivation of the silicon handle wafer sidewalls before copper electroplating. Wet thermal oxide growth was chosen over plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition as the sidewall passivation technique, as wet thermal oxide was found to yield superior coverage and uniformity. Topside interconnects were realized using a previously established thick-film copper metallization process. A 3 × 3 die array was successfully produced and tested for die-to-die connectivity. Thermal modeling of the fabricated devices showed that power densities up to 1 W/cm2 could be accommodated while keeping the maximum temperature below 85°C.
The Self-Steering Seminar: Improving College Classroom Communication through Student Participation in Videotape Feedback

Active student participation in seminar discussions is valued by most instructors. Its benefits are assumed to include the stimulation of thought, learning of argumentation skills, enhancement of motivation, and growth of intellectual responsibility. Yet all too often such classes fall flat because students do not participate or else lead the conversation away from productive channels. Poor results are often ascribed to students' disinterest or lack of preparation, or to ineffective teaching. While these factors surely play a role in many cases, we assume also that a significant part of the problem stems from students' lack of seminar participation skills. After all, seminars reverse many years of classroom habits. Instead of sitting back passively and listening, students are asked to participate in a small, personal group and engage in dialogue. Rather than following a preplanned lesson, they find themselves responsible for a considerable part of the class's structure. Accustomed to rhetorical questions, they are suddenly expected to answer queries aloud. And previously reprimanded for "talking to a neighbor," they are now encouraged to communicate directly with other members of the class, rather than through the teacher as an intermediary. In this light it should be no surprise that, just as instructors need considerable training in order to lead discussions well, so students need to learn what Erickson [13] calls "studenting skill. " The optimum seminar
Reasons to expatriate and work outcomes of self‐initiated expatriates

Purpose – Through a large‐scale quantitative study, this paper aims to test and extend the qualitative findings of Richardson and McKenna and of Osland on reasons to expatriate and relate them to work outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Examining how reasons to expatriate may affect work outcomes, quantitative data was collected from self‐initiated expatriate academics from 60 countries employed in 35 universities in five northern European countries.Findings – Results mostly indicated support for the proposed hypotheses. The most striking finding was the apparently uniformly destructive influence of behaviour associated with escape from one's previous life as a reason to expatriate on all of the studied work outcomes.Research limitations/implications – The self‐developed scales measuring reasons for self‐initiated expatriates to expatriate may have been inadequate to capture all relevant aspects of their behavioural intentions and the data from the retrospective type of questioning regarding the origin.
Leukocyte set points in metabolic disease

Vertebrate tissues comprise precise admixtures of parenchymal and hematopoietic cells, whose interactions are vital to proper tissue function. By regulating this interaction, vertebrates are able to mitigate environmental stress and coordinate dramatic physiologic adaptations. For instance, under conditions of chronic nutrient excess, leukocyte recruitment and activation increase in an effort to decrease excess nutrient storage and alleviate adipocyte stress. While basal equilibria may be reestablished upon normalization of nutrient intake, a new set point characterized by insulin resistance and chronic inflammation is established if the stress persists. Consequently, although this response is adaptive in settings of acute overfeeding and infection, it has catastrophic health consequences in the modern context of obesity. Understanding how leukocyte set points (numbers and activation status) are established, maintained, and regulated in tissues is, thus, critical to our understanding of, and intervention in, chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.
Evaluating EMG Feature and Classifier Selection for Application to Partial-Hand Prosthesis Control

Pattern recognition-based myoelectric control of upper-limb prostheses has the potential to restore control of multiple degrees of freedom. Though this control method has been extensively studied in individuals with higher-level amputations, few studies have investigated its effectiveness for individuals with partial-hand amputations. Most partial-hand amputees retain a functional wrist and the ability of pattern recognition-based methods to correctly classify hand motions from different wrist positions is not well studied. In this study, focusing on partial-hand amputees, we evaluate (1) the performance of non-linear and linear pattern recognition algorithms and (2) the performance of optimal EMG feature subsets for classification of four hand motion classes in different wrist positions for 16 non-amputees and 4 amputees. Our results show that linear discriminant analysis and linear and non-linear artificial neural networks perform significantly better than the quadratic discriminant analysis for both non-amputees and partial-hand amputees. For amputees, including information from multiple wrist positions significantly decreased error (p < 0.001) but no further significant decrease in error occurred when more than 4, 2, or 3 positions were included for the extrinsic (p = 0.07), intrinsic (p = 0.06), or combined extrinsic and intrinsic muscle EMG (p = 0.08), respectively. Finally, we found that a feature set determined by selecting optimal features from each channel outperformed the commonly used time domain (p < 0.001) and time domain/autoregressive feature sets (p < 0.01). This method can be used as a screening filter to select the features from each channel that provide the best classification of hand postures across different wrist positions.
bBridge: A Big Data Platform for Social Multimedia Analytics

In this technical demonstration, we propose a cloud-based Big Data Platform for Social Multimedia Analytics called bBridge that automatically detects and profiles meaningful user communities in a specified geographical region, followed by rich analytics on communities' multimedia streams. The system executes a community detection approach that considers the ability of social networks to complement each other during the process of latent representation learning, while the community profiling is implemented based on the state-of-the-art multi-modal latent topic modeling and personal user profiling techniques. The stream analytics is performed via cloud-based stream analytics engine, while the multi-source data crawler deployed as a distributed cloud jobs. Overall, the bBridge platform integrates all the above techniques to serve both business and personal objectives.
Metathesis in Costanoan Grammar

0. Metathesis, as a marker of grammatical categories, appears to occur rather infrequently in languages of the world. As Thompson and Thompson pointed out,1 metathesis is far more common as a form of morphophonemic alternation than as a grammatical process in its own right. Among those languages exhibiting synchronic metathesis are the various Sierra Miwok languages2 in which alternating stem shapes are based in part on quantitative ablaut and in part on an interchange of stem-final VC and CV. To a large extent, this metathesis is morphophonemic, the shape of the stem being determined by the following suffix. Nevertheless, metathesis may also serve a grammatical function, since it may distinguish noun stems from verb stems even in the absence of further suffixation. Within Penutian, Miwok forms a subfamily with Costanoan, and, because of 1 Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson, "Metathesis as a Grammatical Device," IJAL 35 (1969): 213-19. 2 Sylvia M. Broadbent, The Southern Sierra Miwok Language, UCPL 38 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964), pp. 37, 89; L. S. Freeland, "Language of the Sierra Miwok," IUPAL Memoir 6 (1951): 12, 93-96.
Understanding Everyday Psychopathy: Shared Group Identity Leads to Increased Concern for Others among Undergraduates Higher in Psychopathy

Psychopathy can be considered as a dimension anchored on one end by a lack of concern for others. Even in its milder forms, psychopathy can lead to everyday antisocial behavior, such as plagiarism and cheating or getting into fistfights. Although a lack of concern for others is central to the concept of psychopathy, it is unclear whether this stems from differences in ability or motivation. In two studies, participants made decisions for themselves and others simultaneously following a manipulation of shared identity, which is known to increase the motivation for cooperative behavior. When the others were described as in-group members, participants higher in psychopathy showed greater concern for those others. This indicates that the lack of concern for others produced by everyday psychopathy is due to a lack of motivation to care about others, rather than a lack of ability to do so.