Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method of fitting BOTDA data for the estimation of the Brillouin frequency shift

A Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis (BOTDA) Lorentzian data fitting method to estimate the Brillouin Frequency Shift (BFS) is proposed. Data is obtained from an experimental setup used to conduct the temperature and strain measurements. Before Lorentzian fitting the noisy data is averaged and filtered. The proposed method attempts to lower computational complexity in determining the Brillouin frequency. The resulting parameters of a completed BGS curve fitting are used as initial set of parameters for the next location point BGS fitting. Completion of the Lorentzian fitting using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear curve fitting algorithm is achieved in a small number of iterations which improves the performance in obtaining the Brillouin frequency shift.
Sexual Identities and the Role of Marriage in Social Movement Activism

Though marriage is seemingly attached to the private sphere and politics to the public sphere, marriage and politics operate as intertwined institutions. Political parties routinely pitch themselves as “the protector of family values” and getting married can shift a person’s political commitments. Studies generally agree that married people in different-sex marriages are more conservative than single or divorced individuals, but there is uncertainty as to whether same-sex marriages have the same political ramifications. This study examined data from the 2010–2102 American National Election Survey and found that sexual identity sometimes modifies the conservative elements of marriage (n = 3815). Same-sex marriages inspired greater participation in antiracist, queer, and feminist social movements while different-sex marriage showed an inverse relationship. Implications for how these findings require a rethinking of the marriage and politics are addressed as well.
Spectrum and energy levels of singly ionized cesium. II. Interpretation of fine and hyperfine structures

The theoretical interpretation of Cs ii has been extended and now includes the 5p5ns (n = 6–12), 5p5np (n = 6–8), 5p5nd (n = 5–11), 5p5nf (n = 4–8), 5p5ng (n = 5–10), and 5p5nh (n = 6–8) configurations. Most levels are well represented in the single-configuration approximation when far configuration interactions are included through effective electrostatic parameters. Explicit interactions of low-lying 5p5nd + 5p5(n + 1)s configurations have been determined. For most configurations, good jK coupling is found. Purities of the levels in jK coupling and the LS composition of the eigenvectors are given. The intermediate-coupling eigenvectors have been used to calculate magnetic-dipole hyperfine-splitting factors, and these are compared with 167 experimentally determined values from our earlier work.
Cation Charge as a Tool to Change Dimensionality in Organic–Inorganic Hybrids Based on Copper Thiocyanate Templated by 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane

The first three compounds based on a {copper–thiocyanate–dabco} combination, namely, (Hdabco)[Cu2(NCS)3] (1), (H2dabco)[Cu(NCS)3] (2), and [Cu(Hdabco)2(NCS)4]∙2dmso (3), where dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2. 2]octane were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal XRD, elemental analysis, Raman, and partial IR spectroscopy. In copper(I) derivatives, the influence of the charge of the organic cation on the dimensionality of the crystal structure is observed. Thus, in the case of 1, monoprotonated Hdabco+ cations provide the template for the formation of a polymeric anionic 3D framework {[Cu2(NCS)3]−}n, while in the case of 2, diprotonated H2dabco2+ cations together with discrete [Cu(SCN)3]2− anions generate a simple ionic 0D structure with an island-like crystal lattice. The anionic {[Cu2(SCN)3]−}n framework has infinite square channels of 10 × 10 Å size running along the 001 crystallographic direction. In 3, both the Hdabco+ and thiocyanato units behave as terminal monodentate ligands attached to copper(II) centers via N-donor atoms, forming neutral molecular complexes with an elongated (4+2) octahedral environment. The crystallization molecules of dmso are hydrogen bonded to the protonated parts of the coordinated dabco molecules. A series of by-products Cu(SCN)2(dmso)2 (4), (Hdabco)SCN (5), (H2dabco)(SCN)2 (6), and (H2dabco)(SCN)2∙H2O (7) were identified and characterized.
On the state space geometries and thermodynamic ensembles of black holes: a case study of the 4 dimensional Kerr-AdS black hole in the extended state space

Thermodynamic fluctuation metrics in Ruppeiner's formalism are worked out for general rotating black holes in extended state space, which includes the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ as a thermodynamic variable. The implications of constraints upon the state space geometry are explicitly worked out. The corresponding state space scalar curvature is found to be sensitive to the instabilities/phase transitions associated with the constrained thermodynamic process. In particular, it is found that the appropriate scalar curvature does encode critical phenomena in these black holes. A detailed study is undertaken of the landscape of the state space as determined by the scalar curvature and suitable inferences have been drawn. The extrinsic curvature of the ensemble hypersurfaces is introduced and its relevance discussed.
Fine Aligned Discriminative Hashing for Remote Sensing Image-Audio Retrieval

For cross-modal remote sensing image-audio (RSIA) retrieval task, hashing technology has attracted much attention in recent works. Most of them focus on mapping RS images and audios into a Hamming space, whilst neglecting discriminative information of RS images and fine alignment for RS images and audios. In this article, we tackle these dilemmas with a novel fine aligned discriminative hashing (FADH) approach, which can learn hash codes to capture discriminative information of RS images and learn the corresponding detailed information between RS images and audios simultaneously. We first develop a new discriminative information learning module to learn discriminative information about RS images. Meanwhile, a fine alignment module is proposed to unearth the fine correspondence for RS image regions and audios, which can effectively improve the retrieval performance. On top of the two paths, we design a new objective function, which can maintain the similarity of hash codes, preserve the semantic information of RS image features and audio features and eliminate cross-modal differences. The reliability and significance of the designed framework are effectively demonstrated by diverse experiments on three RSIA datasets.
Segmentation of skin lesions image based on gated axial transformer and triple attention mechanism

In the segmentation of skin lesions, there are several difficult phenomena, such as blurred edges, hair occlusion, circular field of vision and diagnostic markers. In response to the above problems, we propose the Gated Axial Transformer with Comprehensive Attention (CA-GAT) to segment skin lesions. First, the U-Net encoder-decoder structure is used as the main framework, and the encoder primarily consists of axial transformer layers. The axial attention mechanism is able to efficiently grasp long-distance dependence while greatly reducing the computational complexity. The gating mechanism allows the model to learn accurate positional encodings without pre-training on large-scale datasets. Second, the triple attention mechanism is introduced into the decoder, thus enabling the model to better differentiate the lesion boundary. Finally, the Local-Global training strategy (LoGo) enables the model to better exclude external interference based on contextual information while improving model performance. We conducted experiments on ISIC2018 dataset. Compared with U-Net, CA-Net, MedT and CA-GAT without LoGo, the Dice coefficient of our model increases by 6.3%, 0.46%, 1.2% and 1.49% respectively, and other indicators are also improved. As indicated by the experiment, the model CA-GAT exhibits favorable segmentation performance.
The Cerebellum’s Orchestra: Understanding the Functional Connectivity of Its Lobes and Deep Nuclei in Coordination and Integration of Brain Networks

The cerebellum, a crucial brain region, significantly contributes to various brain functions. Although it occupies a small portion of the brain, it houses nearly half of the neurons in the nervous system. Previously thought to be solely involved in motor activities, the cerebellum has since been found to play a role in cognitive, sensory, and associative functions. To further elucidate the intricate neurophysiological characteristics of the cerebellum, we investigated the functional connectivity of cerebellar lobules and deep nuclei with 8 major functional brain networks in 198 healthy subjects. Our findings revealed both similarities and differences in the functional connectivity of key cerebellar lobules and nuclei. Despite robust functional connectivity among these lobules, our results demonstrated that they exhibit heterogeneous functional integration with different functional networks. For instance, lobules 4, 5, 6, and 8 were linked to sensorimotor networks, while lobules 1, 2, and 7 were associated with higher-order, non-motor, and complex functional networks. Notably, our study uncovered a lack of functional connectivity in lobule 3, strong connections between lobules 4 and 5 with the default mode networks, and connections between lobules 6 and 8 with the salience, dorsal attention, and visual networks. Additionally, we found that cerebellar nuclei, particularly the dentate cerebellar nuclei, were connected to sensorimotor, salience, language, and default-mode networks. This study provides valuable insights into the diverse functional roles of the cerebellum in cognitive processing.
Low-Latency Design for Satellite Assisted Wireless VR Networks

Satellite assisted Wireless Networks (SaWNs) have commonly been regarded as an integral part of the next generation wireless communication systems, offering a highway to global connectivity and multi-domain interconnection. To realize low-latency transmission for virtual reality (VR) applications, this letter first establishes a downlink transmission framework in SaWNs, where satellite and femtocell are respectively responsible for outdoor and indoor communications. Then, by designing the user association and serving strategy, a delay-minimization problem is formulated and solved based on convex optimization and Q-learning methods. Simulation results are finally presented, which reveal that our proposed algorithm, compared with conventional benchmark algorithms can reduce significantly transmission delay and meet the VR latency requirement well.
Joint symbol detection and channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM systems via the variational Bayes EM algorithm

A new joint symbol detection and channel estimation algorithm was proposed for MIMO-OFDM systems over the time-varying fading channel based on the variational Bayes expectation maximization algorithm and Turbo principle.The channel estimation error covariance matrix was considered in the soft-input soft-output detector which circumvented the undesirable exhaustive search via list sphere decoder(LSD). In addition,a novel Kalman forward-backward channel estimator was derived based on the posterior distributions of the transmitted symbols which were obtained from the space-time detection.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has more robust performance than the conven-tional EM algorithm and decision-directed technique in the time varying multipath channel.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Convection Produced by Interacting Thunderstorm Outflows. Part I: Control Simulation and Low-Level Moisture Variations

Abstract The Klemp–Wilhelmson three-dimensional numerical cloud model is used to investigate cloud development along intersecting thunderstorm outflow boundaries. The model initial environment is characterized by a temperature and moisture profile typically found in strong convective situations, and the initial wind field is prescribed by a constant unidirectional shear 2.9 m s−1 km−1 from 0.8 to 8.9 km, with a constant wind everywhere else. The wind shear vector is perpendicular to the line containing the two initial outflow-producing clouds (which are spaced 16 km apart and are triggered by thermal impulses centered at the top of the boundary layer). The dynamics of the outflow collision are documented using time-dependent, kinematic air parcel trajectories and thermodynamic data. We find that ambient air in the outflow collision region is literally “squeezed” out of the way as the two outflows collide. Some of this air is lifted to saturation, triggering two convective clouds. The upshear member of the.
Should Procalcitonin Be Included in Acute Cholecystitis Guidelines? A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a common surgical emergency. Recent evidence suggests that serum procalcitonin (PCT) is superior to leukocytosis and serum C-reactive protein in the diagnosis and severity stratification of acute infections. This review evaluates the role of PCT in AC diagnosis, severity stratification, and management. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from inception till 21 August 2022 for studies reporting the role of PCT in AC. A qualitative analysis of the existing literature was conducted. Results: Five articles, including 688 patients, were included. PCT ≤ 0.52 ng/mL had fair discriminative ability (Area under the curve (AUC) 0.721, p < 0.001) to differentiate Grade 1 from Grade 2–3 AC, and PCT > 0.8 ng/mL had good discriminatory ability to differentiate Grade 3 from 1–2 AC (AUC 0.813, p < 0.001). PCT cut-off ≥ 1.50 ng/mL predicted difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (sensitivity 91.3%, specificity 76.8%). The incidence of open conversion was higher with PCT ≥ 1 ng/mL (32.4% vs. 14.6%, p = 0.013). A PCT value of >0.09 ng/mL could predict major complications (defined as open conversion, mechanical ventilation, and death). Conclusions: Current evidence is plagued by the heterogeneity of small sample studies. Though PCT has some role in assessing severity and predicting difficult cholecystectomy, and postoperative complications in AC patients, more evidence is necessary to validate its use.
Resonant cavity-enhanced InGaAs-AlGaAs heterojunction phototransistors with an optical design for high uniformity and yield

We present uniformity data on resonant cavity-enhanced InGaAs-AlGaAs heterojunction phototransistors (HPT's) with an optical design that promotes high uniformity and yield. The HPT's operate in the wavelength region where the GaAs substrate is transparent and the data show the HPT's to be suitable for vertical integration with optical emitters or modulators to form two-dimensional arrays of smart pixels operating in transmission mode. The absorbing region of the HPT consists of an InGaAs multiple-quantum-well structure where the quantum wells (QW's) have been distributed to make the total absorption in the cavity insensitive to growth variations as well as the spatial matching of the standing wave and absorbing QW's. Theoretically, we estimate the absorption to be 39%/spl plusmn/1% of the incident optical power, even at wafer nonuniformities of 12.5%. With these nonuniformities, the resonant wavelength moves /spl plusmn/25 nm, making postgrowth tuning of the wavelength necessary. Experimentally, we show postgrowth tuning of the resonance wavelength without loss in uniformity. The arrays have good uniformity as well as very high responsivities. The average responsivity is 160 A/W /spl plusmn/15% from 927-955 nm. The standard deviation of a typical array is 0.5 nm in resonant wavelength and about 5% of the average responsivity. The difference between maximum and minimum values for an array is typically 3 nm in resonant wavelength and /spl plusmn/10% of the average responsivity.
Full confluency, serum starvation, and roscovitine for inducing arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle in puma skin-derived fibroblast lines

Abstract The puma population is constantly decreasing, and cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer can be used to conserve the species. One of the factors determining the success of the development of cloned embryos is the cell cycle stage of the donor cells. We evaluated the effects of full confluency (~100%), serum starvation (0.5% serum), and roscovitine (15 µM) treatments on the cell cycle synchronization in G0/G1 of puma skin-derived fibroblasts by flow cytometric analysis. Also, we assessed the effects of these synchronization methods on morphology, viability, and apoptosis levels using microscopy tools. The results showed that culturing the cells to confluence for 24 h (84.0%), 48 h (84.6%), and 72 h (84.2%) and serum starvation for 96 h (85.4%) yielded a significantly higher percentage of cells arrested in the G0/G1 (P 0.05) phase than cells not subjected to any cell cycle synchronization method (73.9%). Nevertheless, while serum starvation reduced the percentage of viable cells, no difference was observed for the full confluence and roscovitine treatments (P 0.05). Moreover, roscovitine for 12 h (78.6%) and 24 h (82.1%) was unable to synchronize cells in G0/G1 (P 0.05). In summary, full confluency induces puma fibroblast cell cycle synchronization at the G0/G1 stage without affecting cell viability. These outcomes may be valuable for planning donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer in pumas.
Subluminous X-ray binaries

The discovery of the first X-ray binary, Scorpius X-1, by Giacconi et al. (1962), marked the birth of X-ray astronomy. Following that discovery, many additional X-ray sources where found with the first generation of X-ray rockets and observatories (e.g., UHURU and Einstein). The short-timescale variations in their X-ray luminosity and the detection of the optical counterparts, established the binary nature of many of these X-ray sources. In such systems (the so-called X-ray binaries) a regular star is transferring material on to a neutron star (NS) or a black hole (BH). Half a century later and after several generations of X-ray instruments, many new phenomena have been discovered and studied. This led to new insights in fundamental fields like the behaviour of ultra-dense matter or in the theory of general relativity in extreme gravitational fields, among others. In the last decades, a new generation of X-ray telescopes with revolutionary capabilities, such as RXTE, XMM-Newton, Chandra or Swift have opened up previously inaccessible regions of study, improving our understanding of accreting compact objects. Their improvement in spatial resolution and sensitivity have made it possible to obtain high quality data at very low luminosities. This thesis focusses on the study of the family of subluminous of X-ray binaries, shedding new light on the properties at low accretion regimes and challenging current evolution and accretion models.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Niosomal Gel of Loratadine: A Novel Topical Agent for Allergic Skin

Loratadine is an efficacious, non-drowsy antihistaminic molecule prescribed for allergic skin. The conventional oral dosage form is associated with various side effects, limited and variable absorption. The present study attempts to improve the effectiveness of the drug by formulating a niosome loaded hydrogel of loratadine for treating allergic skin. Ether injection method was used to prepare the niosomes of loratadine using Box Behnken design. Particle size analysis, surface charge, surface morphology (atomic force microscopy), compatibility (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), and surface characteristics (powder X-ray diffraction) study were done to evaluate the drug-loaded niosomes. The optimized formulation was incorporated into two types of gelling systems. The nanogels were evaluated for rheological and mechanical properties, in vitro, ex vivo permeation and skin irritation studies. The Box Behnken design was found to be productive for the formulation of nano-sized (109.99 nm) and stable -37.5 mV niosomes of loratadine. The atomic force microscopy study revealed the formation of unilamellar niosomes, no incompatibility was detected between drug and excipients through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. The differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction study reported the confinement of drugs in the niosomal core. The nanogels had good rheological and mechanical properties. The ex vivo study revealed the maximum penetration of the drug from the gel base of Xanthan gum, and no skin irritation was reported from the nanogel. The formulation and evaluation of niosomal gel of loratadine were found to have satisfactory permeation and can be a promising alternative approach for the administration of loratadine in the treatment of skin allergy.
Involvement of Dmp1 in the Precise Regulation of Hair Bundle Formation in the Developing Cochlea

Simple Summary Deafness is a common clinical disease and a major global public health problem worldwide. The hair cell regeneration is one of the most promising strategies to address hearing loss. Thus, it is urgent to explore the development and differentiation process of hair cells at the cellular and molecular level, which is the basis of “overall regeneration of functional auditory receptors”. We observed the characteristics of Dmp1 involved in inner ear morphogenesis by using recombinant enzyme (Cre) transgenic mice to knockdown Dmp1 in early inner ear development. In our study, we found Dmp1 was already expressed early in inner ear development and Dmp1 mutant mice had abnormal hair cell morphology (disordered stereocilia and mislocalized kinococilia). It is reasonable to think that Dmp1 plays a role in the precise regulation of hair bundle morphogenesis. Dmp1 may be a suitable target molecule for the treatment of deafness, and our study provides strong support for gene therapy for sensorineural deafness. Abstract Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) is a highly phosphorylated, extracellular matrix protein that is extensively expressed in bone and teeth but also found in soft tissues, including brain and muscle. However, the functions of Dmp1 in the mice cochlea are unknown. Our study showed that Dmp1 was expressed in auditory hair cells (HCs), with the role of Dmp1 in those cells identified using Dmp1 cKD mice. Immunostaining and scanning electron microscopy of the cochlea at P1 revealed that Dmp1 deficiency in mice resulted in an abnormal stereociliary bundle morphology and the mispositioning of the kinocilium. The following experiments further demonstrated that the cell-intrinsic polarity of HCs was affected without apparent effect on the tissue planer polarity, based on the observation that the asymmetric distribution of Vangl2 was unchanged whereas the Gαi3 expression domain was enlarged and Par6b expression was slightly altered. Then, the possible molecular mechanisms of Dmp1 involvement in inner ear development were explored via RNA-seq analysis. The study suggested that the Fgf23–Klotho endocrine axis may play a novel role in the inner ear and Dmp1 may regulate the kinocilium–stereocilia interaction via Fgf23–Klotho signaling. Together, our results proved the critical role of Dmp1 in the precise regulation of hair bundle morphogenesis in the early development of HCs.