Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The elementary electronic properties of graphene

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) has made a clear understanding of phenomena from particle physics to astrophysics (high energy). But these phenomena have never observed in condensed matter system (low energy), until the discovery of graphene six years ago [1, 2]. The electron transport in graphene is essentially described by Dirac’s relativistic equation, not the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation.
Estimation and cancellation of interferences in automotive radar signals

Radar sensors become typical components for automotive driver assistance systems and autonomous driving. The widespread use of this sensor type leads to an increasing risk of unwanted interferences. Those interferences can severely degrade the detection performance and cause sensor blindness. To overcome this problem, this paper describes a method to estimate and remove interfering signals in data of chirp sequence modulated radars. The estimation is derived theoretically and applied on simulation and measurement data.
Active Cell Balancing of Li-Ion Batteries Using  $LC$ Series Resonant Circuit

This paper proposes a new active cellbalancing method for Li-ion batteries. It uses an LC series resonant circuit as an energy carrier, which transfers the balancing energy directly from the highest charged cell to the lowest charged cell. The method requires N + 5 bilateral switches and one LC resonant circuit, where N is the number of cells in the string of batteries. The balancing speed is improved by allowing energy transfer between any two cells in the battery string, and power consumption for balancing is reduced by operating all switches in the circuit at a zero-current switching condition. An experimental cellbalancing circuit for a 12-cell Li-ion battery string shows that fast and transformerless balancing is possible using the proposed method. Measured power transfer efficiencies were 93.2% and 78.9% at balancing powers of 0.56 and 1.94 W, respectively.
Formal modeling of smart logistics monitoring

In this paper, we present orders, customers, products, manufacturer, warehouse, transportation and payments components of our proposed smart logistics monitoring system model. This paper presents model which provide smart logistics service, identify customer demands, products and inventory management to develop smart logistics system. Four modules system management, order, customers, and manufacturer are described only here. It involves the wireless sensors, RFID, RTLS and actors to communicate with different components of the system. The proposed components require fewer resources in terms of sensors, RFID, RTLS, and actors. Further, sensors identify objects through RFID and it is readable through sensors from its barcode and barcode consists of objects details in terms of order registration, type, price, and color. The components of our proposed model are implemented by developing formal specification using VDM-SL, which is a formal specification language used for analysis of complex systems. The developed specification is validated, verified and analyzed using VDM-SL Toolbox.
Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Based on Nonlocal Pairwise Dictionaries and Double Regularization

A nonlocal pairwise dictionary learning (NPDL) model that includes an estimated dictionary and a residual dictionary is applied to remote sensing image super-resolution (SR) reconstruction in this paper. The dictionary pair is trained from some low-resolution (LR) remote sensing images to deal with the lack of high-resolution component in remote sensing images. The reconstructed image has been shown to retain the structural information of the given LR image itself. Moreover, the local and nonlocal (NL) priors are used for image SR to enhance robustness of the pairwise dictionary. Improved NL self-similarity and local kernel constraint regularization terms are introduced to the image optimization process. Using this, the photometric, geometric, and feature information of the given LR image can be taken into consideration to improve the quality of reconstruction. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better visual effects and the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved by approximately 0.5 db compared with the state-of-the-art image SR methods.
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors Down-Regulate Endothelial Lineage Commitment of Umbilical Cord Blood Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells

To test the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs) activity in endothelial lineage progression, we investigated the effects of HDAC inhibitors on endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB). Adherent EPCs, that expressed the endothelial marker proteins (PCAM-1, CD105, CD133, and VEGFR2) revealed by flow cytometry were treated with three HDAC inhibitors: Butyrate (BuA), Trichostatin A (TSA), and Valproic acid (VPA). RT-PCR assay showed that HDAC inhibitors down-regulated the expression of endothelial genes such as VE-cadherin, CD133, CXCR4 and Tie-2. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis illustrated that HDAC inhibitors selectively reduce the expression of VEGFR2, CD117, VE-cadherin, and ICAM-1, whereas the expression of CD34 and CD45 remained unchanged, demonstrating that HDAC is involved in endothelial differentiation of progenitor cells. Real-Time PCR demonstrated that TSA down-regulated telomerase activity probably via suppression of hTERT expression, suggesting that HDAC inhibitor decreased cell proliferation. Cell motility was also decreased after treatment with HDAC inhibitors as shown by wound-healing assay. The balance of acethylation/deacethylation kept in control by the activity of HAT (histone acetyltransferases)/HDAC enzymes play an important role in differentiation of stem cells by regulating proliferation and endothelial lineage commitment.
Further Validation of the Learning Alliance Inventory

This study further examined the reliability and validity of the Learning Alliance Inventory (LAI), a self-report measure designed to assess the working alliance between a student and a teacher. The LAI was found to have good internal consistency and test–retest reliability, and it demonstrated the predicted convergence with measures of immediacy and rapport. The LAI enhanced the prediction of student learning beyond that which was possible only using measures of immediacy and rapport. Path analysis provided support for immediacy and rapport indirectly impacting student learning via their effects on the working alliance. Potential uses of the LAI in both research and applied contexts are discussed.
Diagnostic value of MHC class I staining in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

BACKGROUND Identification of mononuclear cellular infiltrates in skeletal muscle tissue is the histological cornerstone of the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). However, these infiltrates are not always present. OBJECTIVE To determine whether MHC class I antigen expression on the sarcolemma, which is absent in normal muscle tissue, is upregulated in IIM and could serve as an additional diagnostic test. METHODS Expression of MHC class I antigens was studied in 224 muscle samples of 61 adult patients with IIM (9 dermatomyositis, 23 polymyositis, 29 inclusion body myositis) and 163 controls (normal subjects and patients with various neuromuscular disorders) in a prospective blinded manner. RESULTS The sensitivity of the test for diagnosing IIM was 78% (95% confidence interval (CI), 66% to 88%), with a specificity of 95% (91% to 98%). The sensitivity before the start of immunosuppressive treatment was 89% (76% to 96%). The sensitivity was not changed by including all patients who had been on immunosuppressive treatment for less than four weeks before muscle biopsy (sensitivity 90% (79% to 97%)). False positive results were found in only seven controls (4%), six of whom had a muscular dystrophy. CONCLUSIONS Detection of sarcolemmal MHC class I is a valid test for IIM. It is not affected by the short term use of immunosuppressive agents (less than four weeks) and it should be incorporated in the histological evaluation when the diagnosis of IIM is under consideration or needs to be excluded.
Woodification: User‐Controlled Cambial Growth Modeling

We present a botanical simulation of secondary (cambial) tree growth coupled to a physical cracking simulation of its bark. Whereas level set growth would use a fixed resolution voxel grid, our system extends the deformable simplicial complex (DSC), supporting new biological growth functions robustly on any surface polygonal mesh with adaptive subdivision, collision detection and topological control. We extend the DSC with temporally coherent texturing, and surface cracking with a user‐controllable biological model coupled to the stresses introduced by the cambial growth model.
Advertising Trends in 2010

Political advertising offers an important window on American campaigns and elections. We analyze a comprehensive database of political ads aired during the 2010 midterms to shed light on campaign strategies in this history-making election. We find that with the increase in competitive races in 2010, the volume of advertising rose too, as did its negativity. Moreover, we track the issues mentioned by each party, finding that while the parties agreed that employment was the top issue, there was also much divergence in issue priorities, with Republicans taking up some unlikely themes such as health care and change.  The high volume of advertising in 2010 suggests a greater potential for voter learning, but the high levels of ad negativity could have had both positive and negative consequences on the electorate.
Expression of an Activated Integrin Promotes Long-Distance Sensory Axon Regeneration in the Spinal Cord

After CNS injury, axon regeneration is blocked by an inhibitory environment consisting of the highly upregulated tenascin-C and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Tenascin-C promotes growth of axons if they express a tenascin-binding integrin, particularly α9β1. Additionally, integrins can be inactivated by CSPGs, and this inhibition can be overcome by the presence of a β1-binding integrin activator, kindlin-1. We examined the synergistic effect of α9 integrin and kindlin-1 on sensory axon regeneration in adult rat spinal cord after dorsal root crush and adeno-associated virus transgene expression in dorsal root ganglia. After 12 weeks, axons from C6–C7 dorsal root ganglia regenerated through the tenascin-C-rich dorsal root entry zone into the dorsal column up to C1 level and above (>25 mm axon length) through a normal pathway. Animals also showed anatomical and electrophysiological evidence of reconnection to the dorsal horn and behavioral recovery in mechanical pressure, thermal pain, and ladder-walking tasks. Expression of α9 integrin or kindlin-1 alone promoted much less regeneration and recovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The study demonstrates that long-distance sensory axon regeneration over a normal pathway and with sensory and sensory–motor recovery can be achieved. This was achieved by expressing an integrin that recognizes tenascin-C, one of the components of glial scar tissue, and an integrin activator. This enabled extensive long-distance (>25 mm) regeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated sensory axons with topographically correct connections in the spinal cord. The extent of growth and recovery we have seen would probably be clinically significant. Restoration of sensation to hands, perineum, and genitalia would be a significant improvement for a spinal cord-injured patient.
Reduction of English function words in switchboard

The causes of pronunciation reduction in 8458 occurrences of ten frequent English function words in a four-hour sample from conversations from the Switchboard corpus were examined. Using ordinary linear and logistic regression models, we examined the length of the words, the form of their vowel (basic, full, or reduced), and final obstruent deletion. For all of these we found strong, independent effects of speaking rate, predictability, the form of the following word, and planning problem disfluencies. The results bear on issues in speech recognition, models of speech production, and conversational analysis.
Lay Health Epistemics and Motivated Information Behaviors

This study examines relationships among health information orientation, situational perceptual frames, and active information behaviors pertinent to the safety controversy of genetically-modified (GM) food technology. A web survey was conducted in the US (N = 393). Based on our findings, an integrative model of Kim and Grunig’s (2011) Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) and Dutta-Bergman’s (2004) concept of health information orientation is suggested to explain lay health epistemics and various information behaviors about that new food technology. The study’s theoretical and practical implications are discussed (86 words).
Cooperación, solidaridad y egoísmo racional.: Acerca de la relación entre moralidad y racionalidad

The article assumes a conceptual link exists between morality and rationality and attempts to show this link in the context of a critical dialogue with utilitarianism and by showing how rational egoism is self-contradictory. The main question is if such a thing would allow us to simultaneously demonstrate the rationality and the morality of cooperation and solidarity.
Air Bubble Contact with Endothelial Cells Causes a Calcium-Independent Loss in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential

Objective Gas microembolism remains a serious risk associated with surgical procedures and decompression. Despite this, the signaling consequences of air bubbles in the vasculature are poorly understood and there is a lack of pharmacological therapies available. Here, we investigate the mitochondrial consequences of air bubble contact with endothelial cells. Methods and Results Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were loaded with an intracellular calcium indicator (Fluo-4) and either a mitochondrial calcium indicator (X-Rhod-1) or mitochondrial membrane potential indicator (TMRM). Contact with 50–150 µm air bubbles induced concurrent rises in intracellular and mitochondrial calcium, followed by a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Pre-treating cells with 1 µmol/L ruthenium red, a TRPV family calcium channel blocker, did not protect cells from the mitochondrial depolarization, despite blocking the intracellular calcium response. Mitigating the interactions between the air-liquid interface and the endothelial surface layer with 5% BSA or 0.1% Pluronic F-127 prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, inhibiting protein kinase C-α (PKCα), with 5 µmol/L Gö6976, protected cells from mitochondrial depolarization, but did not affect the intracellular calcium response. Conclusions Our results indicate that air bubble contact with endothelial cells activates a novel, calcium-independent, PKCα-dependent signaling pathway, which results in mitochondrial depolarization. As a result, mitochondrial dysfunction is likely to be a key contributor to the pathophysiology of gas embolism injury. Further, this connection between the endothelial surface layer and endothelial mitochondria may also play an important role in vascular homeostasis and disease.
Understanding face recognition: Caricauture effects, inversion, and the homogeneity problem

Abstract Faces and other objects that share a configuration present a special problem to the visual system. Two components of the visual system's solution to this homogeneity problem have been identified. Inversion studies have identified the use of relational features (Diamond & Carey, 1986; Rhodes, Brake, & Atkinson, 1993), and caricature studies have identified norm-based coding (Carey, Rhodes, Diamond, & Hamilton, in preparation; Rhodes, Brennan, & Carey, 1987; Rhodes & McLean, 1990). Here we explore a possible link between these two components, asking whether caricature effects depend selectively on exaggeration of relational features. If so, then inversion, which makes relational features particularly difficult to code (compared with isolated features), should reduce caricature effects. In three experiments we found a caricature equivalence effect (caricatures identified as accurately as undistorted images and both better than anticaricatures) that was unaffected by orientation, suggesting that rela.
The Effect of L1 Orthography on Non-native Vowel Perception

Previous research has shown that orthography influences the learning and processing of spoken non-native words. In this paper, we examine the effect of L1 orthography on non-native sound perception. In Experiment 1, 204 Spanish learners of Dutch and a control group of 20 native speakers of Dutch were asked to classify Dutch vowel tokens by choosing from auditorily presented options, in one task, and from the orthographic representations of Dutch vowels, in a second task. The results show that vowel categorization varied across tasks: the most difficult vowels in the purely auditory task were the easiest in the orthographic task and, conversely, vowels with a relatively high success rate in the purely auditory task were poorly classified in the orthographic task. The results of Experiment 2 with 22 monolingual Peruvian Spanish listeners replicated the main results of Experiment 1 and confirmed the existence of orthographic effects. Together, the two experiments show that when listening to auditory stimuli only, native speakers of Spanish have great difficulty classifying certain Dutch vowels, regardless of the amount of experience they may have with the Dutch language. Importantly, the pairing of auditory stimuli with orthographic labels can help or hinder Spanish listeners’ sound categorization, depending on the specific sound contrast.
On isoperimetric profiles and computational complexity

The isoperimetric profile of a graph is a function that measures, for an integer k, the size of the smallest edge boundary over all sets of vertices of size k. We observe a connection between isoperimetric profiles and computational complexity. We illustrate this connection by an example from communication complexity, but our main result is in algebraic complexity. We prove a sharp super-polynomial separation between monotone arithmetic circuits and monotone arithmetic branching programs. This shows that the classical simulation of arithmetic circuits by arithmetic branching programs by Valiant, Skyum, Berkowitz, and Rackoff (1983) cannot be improved, as long as it preserves monotonicity. A key ingredient in the proof is an accurate analysis of the isoperimetric profile of finite full binary trees. We show that the isoperimetric profile of a full binary tree constantly fluctuates between one and almost the depth of the tree.
Generalized and neurotransmitter‐selective noradrenergic denervation in Parkinson's disease with orthostatic hypotension

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often have manifestations of autonomic failure. About 40% have neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH), and among PD+NOH patients virtually all have evidence of cardiac sympathetic denervation; however, whether PD+NOH entails extra‐cardiac noradrenergic denervation has been less clear. Microdialysate concentrations of the main neuronal metabolite of norepinephrine (NE) and dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) were measured in skeletal muscle, and plasma concentrations of NE and DHPG were measured in response to i.v. tyramine, yohimbine, and isoproterenol, in patients with PD+NOH, patients with pure autonomic failure (PAF), which is characterized by generalized catecholaminergic denervation, and control subjects. Microdialysate DHPG concentrations were similarly low in PD+NOH and PAF compared to control subjects (163 ± 25, 153 ± 27, and 304 ± 27 pg/mL, P < 0.01 each vs. control). The two groups also had similarly small plasma DHPG responses to tyramine (71 ± 58 and 82 ± 105 vs. 313 ± 94 pg/mL; P < 0.01 each vs. control) and NE responses to yohimbine (223 ± 37 and 61 ± 15 vs. 672 ± 130 pg/mL, P < 0.01 each vs. control), and virtually absent NE responses to isoproterenol (20 ± 34 and 14 ± 15 vs. 336 ± 78 pg/mL, P < 0.01 each vs. control). Patients with PD+NOH had normal bradycardia responses to edrophonium and normal epinephrine responses to glucagon. The results support the concept of generalized noradrenergic denervation in PD+NOH, with similar severity to that seen in PAF. In contrast, the parasympathetic cholinergic and adrenomedullary hormonal components of the autonomic nervous system seem intact in PD+NOH. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Service Recommendation for Mashup Composition with Implicit Correlation Regularization

In this paper, we explore service recommendation and selection in the reusable composition context. The goal is to aid developers finding the most appropriate services in their composition tasks. We specifically focus on mashups, a domain that increasingly targets people without sophisticated programming knowledge. We propose a probabilistic matrix factorization approach with implicit correlation regularization to solve this problem. In particular, we advocate that the co-invocation of services in mashups is driven by both explicit textual similarity and implicit correlation of services, and therefore develop a latent variable model to uncover the latent connections between services by analyzing their co-invocation patterns. We crawled a real dataset from Programmable Web, and extensively evaluated the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
The Politics of Justification: Party Competition and Welfare-State Retrenchment in Denmark and the Netherlands from 1982 to 1998

The Politics of Justification onderzoekt de bezuinigingen op de sociale zekerheid die plaatsvonden in Nederland en Denemarken in de periode 1982-1998. Het korten op sociale voorzieningen ligt politiek uiterst gevoelig, maar toch snijden regeringen in hun uitgaven. Green-Pedersen bepleit dat regeringen bezuinigingen mogen doorvoeren als ze een partijpolitieke consensus bereiken die het mogelijk maakt de uitgavevermindering zo te formuleren dat het aanvaardbaar is voor het electoraat. In Nederland deed die situatie zich halverwege de jaren '80 voor door de macht van het CDA. In Denemarken daarentegen ontstond een dergelijke consensus pas in 1993 toen de Sociaal-Democratische Partij (SP) zijn herintrede deed in de regering. Dat verklaart waarom de Deense verzorgingsstaat minder bezuinigingen heeft gekend dan de Nederlandse.
Automatic Music Transcription as We Know it Today

The aim of this overview is to describe methods for the automatic transcription of Western polyphonic music. The transcription task is here understood as transforming an acoustic musical signal into a MIDI-like symbolic representation. Only pitched musical instruments are considered: recognizing the sounds of drum instruments is not discussed. The main emphasis is laid on estimating the multiple fundamental frequencies of several concurrent sounds. Various approaches to solve this problem are discussed, including methods that are based on modelling the human auditory periphery, methods that mimic the human auditory scene analysis function, signal model-based Bayesian inference methods, and data-adaptive methods. Another subproblem addressed is the rhythmic parsing of acoustic musical signals. From the transcription point of view, this amounts to the temporal segmentation of music signals at different time scales. The relationship between the two subproblems and the general structure of the transcription problem is discussed.