Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Supernova Spectra

Abstract We highlight results from a series of investigations into modeling spectra of core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We have explored the accuracy of the expanding-photosphere method, and found that it can be used to obtain distances to Type IIP SNe with an accuracy of ≲10%. We confirm the result of Utrobin and Chugai (2005) that time-dependent terms must be included in the statistical equilibrium equations in order to model Hi line evolution in Type II SNe, and show that time-dependent terms influence other spectral features (e.g., He i lines). We have initiated a study of polarization signatures from aspherical but axially-symmetric Type II SN ejecta. Hillier and Li acknowledge support from STScI theory grant HST-AR-11756.01. A and NASA theory grant NNX10AC80G. Dessart acknowledges financial support from grant PIRG04-GA-2008-239184.
FluxCT: A Web Tool for Identifying Contaminating Flux in Kepler and TESS Target Pixel Files

We announce FluxCT, a web tool for identifying contaminating flux in Kepler and TESS target pixel files due to secondary visual sources. We demonstrate the usage of this tool and discuss the benefits of this tool over a simple Gaia radius search. FluxCT focuses on clarity and simplicity, where the only input needed from the user is a KIC or TIC ID. By more appropriately accounting for the actual shape of the photometric pixel apertures, FluxCT can produce much more accurate estimates of contaminating flux than simple radial cone searches.
Explicit orthonormal fixed bases for spaces of functions that are totally symmetric under the rotational symmetries of a platonic solid

Explicit complete orthonormal fixed bases are computed for subspaces of the space of square-integrable functions on the sphere where the subspaces contain functions that are totally symmetric under the rotational symmetries of a Platonic solid. Each function in the fixed basis is a linear combination of spherical harmonics of fixed l. For each symmetry (icosahedra/dodecahedral, octahedral/cubic, tetrahedral), the calculation has three steps : First, a bilinear equation is derived for the coefficients in the linear combination by equating the expansion of a symmetrized δ function in both spherical harmonics and the fixed basis functions for the appropriate subspace. The equation is parameterized by the location (θ 0 , φ 0 ) of the δ function and must be satisfied for all locations. Second, the dependence on the δ-function location is expressed in a Fourier (φ 0 ) and a Taylor (θ 0 ) series and thereby a new system of bilinear equations is derived by equating selected coefficients. Third, a recursive solution of the new system is derived and the recursion is solved explicitly with the aid of symbolic computation. The results for the icosahedral case are important for structural studies of small spherical viruses.
Long-term unsteadiness and large-scale structures in Rayleigh-Bénard convection with and without electromagnetic forcing

This dissertation focuses on turbulent thermal convection, which occurs in a wide range of (geo)physical situations, like in the atmosphere, the oceans, the interior of stars or planets, and engineering applications, like metal casting or crystal growth processes. In this work, a special type of thermal convection, Rayleigh-Benard convection, is studied with and without an additional electromagnetic body force. Experiments are performed in a rectangular RB convection cell of aspect-ratio ? =4 filled with water. Particle image velocimetry (PIV), laser Doppler anemometry (LDA), and liquid crystal thermography (LCT) measurements are used to obtain velocity and temperature information. The first part of this dissertation describes an investigation of the large-scale circulation (LSC) in Rayleigh-Benard convection. In the second part, a study of the boundary layers in Rayleigh-Benard convection is described. The last part reports on the control and enhancement of the heat transfer in Rayleigh-Benard convection using an additional electromagnetic body force.
From Vectors to Tensors

This textbook, deals with tensors that are treated as vectors, and has a practical orientation. In addition to dealing with the classical topics of tensor books, new tensor concepts are introduced, such as the rotation of tensors, the transposer tensor, the eigentensors, the permutation tensor structure, etc. The book covers an existing gap between the classic theory of tensors and the possibility of solving tensor problems with a computer. In fact, the computational algebra is formulated in matrix form to facilitate its implementation on computers. For the first time tensor contraction is formulated in terms of matrix operations. A computer package , written in Mathematica, is available through Internet at: http://personales.unican. es/castie/tensors that complements the book. In summary, the book is not a standard book on tensors because of its orientation, the many novel contributions included in it, the careful notation and the stretching-condensing techniques used for most of the transformations used in the book.
A theory for turbulent pipe and channel flows

A theory for fully developed turbulent pipe and channel flows is proposed which extends the classical analysis to include the effects of finite Reynolds number. The proper scaling for these flows at finite Reynolds number is developed from dimensional and physical considerations using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. In the limit of infinite Reynolds number, these reduce to the familiar law of the wall and velocity deficit law respectively. The fact that both scaled profiles describe the entire flow for finite values of Reynolds number but reduce to inner and outer profiles is used to determine their functional forms in the ‘overlap’ region which both retain in the limit. This overlap region corresponds to the constant, Reynolds shear stress region (30 < y+ < 0.1R+ approximately, where R+ = u*R/v). The profiles in this overlap region are logarithmic, but in the variable y + a where a is an offset. Unlike the classical theory, the additive parameters, Bi, Bo, and log coefficient, 1/κ, depend on R+. They are asymptotically constant, however, and are linked by a constraint equation. The corresponding friction law is also logarithmic and entirely determined by the velocity profile parameters, or vice versa. It is also argued that there exists a mesolayer near the bottom of the overlap region approximately bounded by 30 < y+ < 300 where there is not the necessary scale separation between the energy and dissipation ranges for inertially dominated turbulence. As a consequence, the Reynolds stress and mean flow retain a Reynolds number dependence, even though the terms explicitly containing the viscosity are negligible in the single-point Reynolds-averaged equations. A simple turbulence model shows that the offset parameter a accounts for the mesolayer, and because of it a logarithmic behaviour in y applies only beyond y+ > 300, well outside where it has commonly been sought. The experimental data from the superpipe experiment and DNS of channel flow are carefully examined and shown to be in excellent agreement with the new theory over the entire range 1.8 × 102 < R+ < 5.3 × 105. The Reynolds number dependence of all the parameters and the friction law can be determined from the single empirical function, H = A/(ln R+)α for α > 0, just as for boundary layers. The Reynolds number dependence of the parameters diminishes very slowly with increasing Reynolds number, and the asymptotic behaviour is reached only when R+ [Gt ] 105.
SPTpol: an instrument for CMB polarization.

SPTpol will consist of an 850 element polarization sensitive bolometric camera deployed to the South Pole Telescope in late 2011. This camera is optimized for measurement of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background with arcminute resolution. These measurements will be used to constrain neutrino masses and to constrain the amplitude of gravitational waves from inflation. The camera includes two detector architectures that observe in two different frequency bands. At 150 GHz, SPTpol will use 650 feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters fabricated at NIST. At 90 GHz, it will use 200 absorber-coupled polarimeters developed at Argonne National Lab. The NIST pixels will be coupled to the telescope using a monolithic array of corrugated feeds and the Argonne devices will be coupled with individually machined contoured feeds. The entire focal plane will be readout using a digital frequency-domain multiplexer system. We provide an overview of the project, describe the detectors and discuss the design of this system.
Further analysis of focusing performance of an ultra-small gradient-index fiber probe

Abstract. In order to optimize ultra-small gradient-index (GRIN) fiber probes and provide a theoretical prediction for the fabrication of such probes with high performance, focusing performance of the GRIN fiber probe is further analyzed based on the optical characteristic parameters. According to the optical model of the GRIN fiber probe and its mathematical expressions of characteristic parameters, the three-dimensional (3-D) function diagram is used for analyzing the impact of the lengths of probe components on the characteristic parameters. Partial derivatives of the mathematical expressions of characteristics are derived to analyze the mutation of focusing performance caused by the different lengths of probe components. According to the analytical results, our predictions suggest that focusing performance could be reflected through the 3-D function diagram between the characteristic parameters and the continuous change of the lengths of probe components. In addition, mutation occurs in the focusing performance of the GRIN fiber probe when the length of probe components changes. The research results are of practical guiding significance for the fabrication of GRIN fiber probes requiring specific optical focusing performance.
A self-consistent tight binding model for hydrocarbon systems: application to quantum transport simulation

As elf-consistent environment-dependent (SC-ED) tight binding (TB) method for hydrocarbons that was developed for quantum transport simulations is presented. The method builds on a non-self-consistent environment-dependent TB model for carbon (Tang et al 1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 979) with parameters added to describe hydrocarbon bonds and to account for self-consistent charge transfer. The SC-EDTB model assumes an orthogonal basis set. Orthogonality is a key element for adapting the SC-EDTB scheme to transport problems because it substantially increases the efficiency of the Newton– Raphson algorithm used to accelerate self-consistency convergence under nonequilibrium conditions. Compared to most existing TB schemes the SC-EDTB scheme is distinctive in two respects. First, self-consistency is added through the exact evaluation of Hartree and linear expansio no f exchange integrals. Al lH amiltonian elements belonging to the same atom are affected by charge transfer, not just the diagonal elements. The second distinction is the choice of SC-EDTB parameters; they were fitted t oM ulliken populations and eigenvalue spectra rather than energies or elastic properties. The former are directly related to the conductivity and potential profile, which are essential for transport simulation. No two-centre repulsive term parametrization was performed. The functionality of the method is exemplified by computing I –V curves, nonequilibrium potential profiles and current density for a resonant tunnelling device. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Novel Capacitor-Loaded Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Structure and Its Electronically Controlled Leaky-Wave Antenna Application

Abstract A capacitor-loaded slotted substrate-integrated waveguide structure is presented to realize a tunable composite right-/left-handed substrate-integrated waveguide structure. The capacitor-loaded slotted substrate-integrated waveguide structure is realized on a half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide structure to reduce the size. The inter-digital slots and varactor diodes are inserted to offer series-tunable capacitance of the composite right-/left-handed circuit model. A long slot is inserted to isolate DC bias, and the chip capacitors are mounted on the long slot to create a path for RF signal flow. Based on the tunable capacitor-loaded slotted substrate-integrated waveguide structure, an electronically controlled composite right-/left-handed leaky-wave antenna is designed. It is experimentally demonstrated that the direction of the main beam is continuously varied from +4° to −6° at 5.6 GHz as the bias voltage increases from 1 to 20 V.
Power Transmission and Transformation Project Establishing and Decision-Making Based on ASU-MOPSO Algorithm

This paper demonstrates an asynchronous-stepwise updated strategy multi-objective particle swarm optimization (ASU-MOPSO) algorithm to improve the convergence and diversity of the multi-objective particle swarm optimization. In the process of the elite reduction, we utilize the asynchronous grid strategy to filter particles since this strategy has lower computing complexity. Meanwhile, the stepwised Euclidean crowding distance strategy is presented to filter particles within every grid, which uses the sum of the Euclidean distance with the two nearest particles to replace of the traditional crowding distance. This strategy can avoid the destruction of distribution diversity. Finally, our algorithm is successfully applied for the actual power transmission and transformation project establishing and decision-making problem. Comparing with traditional MOPSO based on crowding distance strategy and grid strategy, our algorithm can obtain the better solution.
Spectrum Sensing Method Basedon the Likelihood Ratio Goodness of Fit Test under Noise Uncertainty

In cognitive radio, spectrum sensing is one of the most important tasks. In this article, a blind spectrum sensing method based on goodness-of-fit (GoF) test using likelihood ratio (LLR) is studied. In the proposed method, a chi-square distribution is used for GoF testing. The performance of the method is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the proposed spectrum sensing method outperforms the GoF test using Anderson Darling (AD) and the conventional energy detection (ED) in case of a limited number of received samples and low signal to noise ratio (SNR). We also evaluate the proposed method in case of a non-Gaussian noise and in case of noise uncertainty. It is shown that the GoF based spectrum sensing methods are less sensitive to both impairments, than the conventional ED. Finally, this paper investigates the influence of the number of samples on the detection performance. The performance difference between the GoF based sensing (LLR and AD) and ED increases with decreasing number of samples for sensing, which makes the proposed method very effective in CR systems with short sensing periods. Keywords—Cognitive Radio; Spectrum Sensing; Goodness of Fit test; Likelihood Ratio; Mixture Gaussian Noise.
Bluff body flow and vortex—its application to wind turbines

Some interesting phenomena of vortex flows we have found in past experimental research are described. For a given flow configuration, multiple flow patterns can exist and a sudden change from one flow pattern to another can occur. We observed the alternate switching of the flow patterns with irregular periods around a bluff body. The change of vortex flow pattern around a bluff body with geometrical parameters or stratification is not always continuous but often shows a sudden change in the whole flow pattern. Based on our research on vortex flows, an innovative application of the vortex flow to a shrouded wind turbine is made in which the power output of a wind turbine is remarkably enhanced. Unlike the majority of conventional aerodynamic machinery, which tends to minimize vortex shedding, the vortex formation of our ‘brimmed’ shroud plays an important role in capturing and concentrating wind energy. Furthermore, aerodynamic noise is reduced in this design. The blade tip vortex is weakened by a counter-rotating vortex generated along the inner side of the shroud as they travel downstream, making the shrouded wind turbine much quieter than conventional turbines.
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for the Combined Heat and Power Dynamic Economic Dispatch Problem

Abstract —This study presents a novel improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the combined heat and power dynamic economic dispatch problem. This problem is formulated as a challenging non-convex and non-linear optimization problem considering practical characteristics, such as valve-point effects, transmission losses, ramp-rate limits, mutual dependency of power and heat, spinning reserve requirements, and transmission security constraints. The proposed method combines classical particle swarm optimization with a chaotic mechanism, time-variant acceleration coefficients, and a self-adaptive mutation scheme to prevent premature convergence and improve solution quality. Moreover, multiple efficient constraint handling strategies are employed to deal with complex constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed improved particle swarm optimization for solving the combined heat and power dynamic economic dispatch problem is validated on three different test systems, and the results are compared with those of other variants of particle swarm optimization as well as other methods reported in the literature. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority of improved particle swarm optimization in solving the combined heat and power dynamic economic dispatch problem while strictly satisfying all the constraints.
Design of a petawatt optical parametric chirped pulse amplification upgrade of the kilojoule iodine laser PALS

A design for generation of two ultra-high power laser beams, 130 TW and 1.4 PW, using a chain of optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers, first pumped by a 10 Hz frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser, and later by the frequency tripled single-shot kilojoule level iodine laser Prague Asterix Laser System is presented. Expected enhancement of the parameters in the upgrade, besides the output power, are up to 1022 W/cm2 from 1016 W/cm2 in target intensity, and about 20 fs from 0.5 ns in pulse duration. Owing to the limited dimensions of the Prague Asterix Laser System building, the lay-out of the new equipment had to use only the left-over space in the laser hall.
Soliton resonances for the good Boussinesq equation

Resonant multisoliton interactions in one space dimension, involving a resonance triad and an arbitrary number N of solitary waves are discussed for the good Boussinesq (GB) equation. It is shown that any of the special (regular) N-soliton solutions, which are obtained at the boundary of the regularity domain, describe one of the four basic processes (related by time reversal and/or space reversal) in the presence of (N-2) (or (N-3)) 'spectator' solitons. In contrast with the two-dimensional case (KP equation), the GB resonant vertices cannot include more than three solitary waves.
UBV(RI)c photometric sequences for symbiotic stars. III

We present accurate UBV(RI)C photometric sequences and astrometric positions for a final set of 41 symbiotic stars. In a similar manner to the 40 targets of Papers I and II, these sequences extend over wide brightness and color ranges and are suited to covering both quiescence and outburst phases. They are intended to assist both the CCD photometric monitoring of current variability and exploitation of old photographic plates from historical archives.
Hipparcos Positions of B/Be Stars on the HR Diagram

Absolute magnitudes of Be and B stars are computed for each spec tral type and luminosity class V and IV, using the Hipparcos parallax measurements. Some simulations have been carried out in order to esti mate the effects which could bias the mean absolute magnitude calcula tions. As a result, only stars with <r„/n < 15% have been used. A first result is that B stars are fainter than previous estimations by about 0.5 magnitude on average. We then observe that on average Be stars are brighter than B stars of the same spectral type and this over-luminosity increases with the spectral type. A possible interpretation is proposed based on the fact that the rotational velocity of the late Be stars is near the critical rotational velocity.
On the robustness, bias, and stability of statistics from meta-analysis of correlation coefficients : Some initial Monte Carlo findings

Each of several Monte Carlo simulations generated 100 sets of observed study correlations based on normal, heteroscedastic, or slightly nonlinear bivariate distributions, with one population correlation coefficient and true variance of 0. A version of J. E. Hunter and F. L. Schmidt's (1990b) meta-analysis was applied to each study set. Within simulations, ρ was accurate on average. σ ρ 2 was biased; one would correctly conclude more than half the time that no moderator effects existed. However, cases of variation in ρ and especially in σ ρ 2 indicated that results from individual meta-analyses could deviate substantially from what was found on average. Findings for these no-moderator cases offer applied psychologists some guidelines and cautions when drawing conclusions about true population correlations and true moderator effects (e.g., situational specificity, validity generalization) from meta-analytic results.
Representation of Stokes Flow Through a Planar Contraction by Papkovich-Fadle Eigenfunctions

Stokes flow through a planar contraction is represented by matching together two series of Papkovich-Fadle eigenfunctions. Each series represents the solution in one of the unbounded rectangular regions upstream and downstream of the contraction plane. The coefficients of the series are obtained by weakly enforcing C 3 matching conditions at the contraction plane using the Galerkin method. A post-processing technique is used to improve the appearance of the streamline plots near the singularity in the solution at the re-entrant corner of the channel. The pressure variation along the channel, as well as the excess pressure drop due to the contraction and the size of the upstream recirculating zone versus the contraction ratio, are presented. Channel contraction ratios of between two and six are considered.
Kinematic geometry of mechanisms

The components of mechanism freedom and structure in mechanism elementary planar and spatial displacements planar algebraic curves infinitesimal planar kinematics planar displacements through three and more locations the four-bar linkage - coupler curves the geometrical capability of planar mechanisms three-dimensional geometry and spatial mechanism some spatial mechanisms line geometry and spatial mechanism screw systems screw systems applied to spatial mechanisms body guidance in three dimensions manipulator-arms and other linkage-connections.
Adaptive tracking control of chaotic systems

It is important to develop control techniques able to control not only known chaos but also chaotic systems with unknown parameters. This paper proposes a novel adaptive tracking control approach for identifying the unknown parameters and controlling the chaos, which is not closely related to the particular chaotic system to be controlled. The global uniform boundedness of estimated parameters and the asymptotical stability of the tracking errors are proved by Lyapunov stability theory and LaSalle-Yoshizawa theorem. The suggested method enables stabilization of chaotic motion to a steady state ad well as tracking of any desired trajectory to be achieved in a systematic way. Computer simulation on a complex chaotic system illustrtes the effectiveness of the proposed control method.