Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MRG-1, an autosome-associated protein, silences X-linked genes and protects germline immortality in Caenorhabditis elegans

MRG15, a mammalian protein related to the mortality factor MORF4, is required for cell proliferation and embryo survival. Our genetic analysis has revealed that the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog MRG-1 serves similar roles. Maternal MRG-1 promotes embryo survival and is required for proliferation and immortality of the primordial germ cells (PGCs). As expected of a chromodomain protein, MRG-1 associates with chromatin. Unexpectedly, it is concentrated on the autosomes and not detectable on the X chromosomes. This association is not dependent on the autosome-enriched protein MES-4. Focusing on possible roles of MRG-1 in regulating gene expression, we determined that MRG-1 is required to maintain repression in the maternal germ line of transgenes on extrachromosomal arrays, and of several X-linked genes previously shown to depend on MES-4 for repression. MRG-1 is not required for PGCs to acquire transcriptional competence or for the turn-on of expression of several PGC-expressed genes (pgl-1, glh-1, glh-4 and nos-1). By contrast to this result in PGCs, MRG-1 is required for ectopic expression of those germline genes in somatic cells lacking the NuRD complex component MEP-1. We discuss how an autosome-enriched protein might repress genes on the X chromosome, promote PGC proliferation and survival, and influence the germ versus soma distinction.
Finding apparent horizons in numerical relativity.

This paper presents a detailed discussion of the ``Newton's method'' algorithm for finding apparent horizons in 3+1 numerical relativity. We describe a method for computing the Jacobian matrix of the finite differenced $H(h)$ function by symbolically differentiating the finite difference equations, giving the Jacobian elements directly in terms of the finite difference molecule coefficients used in computing $H(h)$. Assuming the finite differencing scheme commutes with linearization, we show how the Jacobian elements may be computed by first linearizing the continuum $H(h)$ equations, then finite differencing the linearized (continuum) equations. We find this symbolic differentiation method of computing the $H(h)$ Jacobian to be {\em much} more efficient than the usual numerical perturbation method, and also much easier to implement than is commonly thought. When solving the discrete $H(h) = 0$ equations, we find that Newton's method generally converges very rapidly. However, if the initial guess for the horizon position contains significant high-spatial-frequency error components, Newton's method has a small (poor) radius of convergence. This is {\em not} an artifact of insufficient resolution in the finite difference grid; rather, it appears to be caused by a strong nonlinearity in the continuum $H(h)$ function for high-spatial-frequency error components in $h$. Robust variants of Newton's method can boost the radius of convergence by O(1) factors, but the underlying nonlinearity remains, and appears to worsen rapidly with increasing initial-guess-error spatial frequency. Using 4th~order finite differencing, we find typical accuracies for computed horizon positions in the $10^{-5}$ range for $\Delta\theta = \frac{\pi/2}{50}$.
TRPV1 Channels Regulate Cortical Excitability in Humans

Studies in rodents show that transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels regulate glutamate release at central and peripheral synapses. In humans, a number of nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described in the TRPV1 gene, and some of them significantly alter the functionality of the channel. To address the possible role of TRPV1 channels in the regulation of synaptic transmission in humans, we studied how TRPV1 genetic polymorphisms affect cortical excitability measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Two SNPs of the TRPV1 gene were selected and genotyped (rs222747 and rs222749) in a sample of 77 healthy subjects. In previous cell expression studies, the “G” allele of rs222747 was found to enhance the activity of the channel, whereas rs222749 had no functional effect. Allelic variants in the rs222749 region were not associated with altered cortical response to single, paired, and repetitive TMS. In contrast, subjects homozygous for the G allele in rs222747 exhibited larger short-interval intracortical facilitation (a measure of glutamate transmission) explored through paired-pulse TMS of the primary motor cortex. Recruitment curves, short-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, and long-interval intracortical inhibition were unchanged. LTP- and LTD-like plasticity explored through intermittent or continuous theta-burst stimulation was also similar in the “G” and “non-G” subjects. To our knowledge, our results provide the first evidence that TRPV1 channels regulate cortical excitability to paired-pulse stimulation in humans.
Definitions and frameworks for environmental sustainability in higher education

This article reviews definitions and frameworks for sustainability in higher education by examining a set of major national and international declarations and institutional policies related to environmental sustainability in universities. It identifies emerging themes and priorities, and discusses how these declarations and policies are affecting various institutions in how they frame the central task of becoming sustainable and how they perceive their own commitment to sustainability.
Malignant lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue. A distinctive type of B‐cell lymphoma

As illustrated in the two cases described in this paper close morphologic and immunohistochemical similarities exist between Mediterranean lymphoma (MTL) and primary gastrointestinal lymphoma of follicle center cell (FCC) origin as it occurs in Western countries. Similarities between the two conditions include a dense noninvasive monotypic lamina propria plasma cell infiltrate, present in all cases of MTL and in some cases of Western gastrointestinal FCC lymphoma, and an invasive infiltrate of FCCs morphologically distinct from the plasma cells. A distinctive lesion produced by individual gland invasion characterizes both types of lymphoma. A clonal relationship between the lamina propria plasma cells and the invasive FCCs, long suspected but never proved in MTL, can be demonstrated in Western cases. Many of the histologic and clinical features common to these lymphomas can be explained in the context of the normal maturation sequences of gut associated lymphoid tissue. It is suggested that MTL and Western cases of primary FCC gastrointestinal lymphoma share a common histogenesis from mucosa associated lymphoid tissue.
Deep Sequencing of Antiviral T-Cell Responses to HCMV and EBV in Humans Reveals a Stable Repertoire That Is Maintained for Many Years

CD8+ T-cell responses against latent viruses can cover considerable portions of the CD8+ T-cell compartment for many decades, yet their initiation and maintenance remains poorly characterized in humans. A key question is whether the clonal repertoire that is raised during the initial antiviral response can be maintained over these long periods. To investigate this we combined next-generation sequencing of the T-cell receptor repertoire with tetramer-sorting to identify, quantify and longitudinally follow virus-specific clones within the CD8+ T-cell compartment. Using this approach we studied primary infections of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in renal transplant recipients. For both viruses we found that nearly all virus-specific CD8+ T-cell clones that appeared during the early phase of infection were maintained at high frequencies during the 5-year follow-up and hardly any new anti-viral clones appeared. Both in transplant recipients and in healthy carriers the clones specific for these latent viruses were highly dominant within the CD8+ T-cell receptor Vβ repertoire. These findings suggest that the initial antiviral response in humans is maintained in a stable fashion without signs of contraction or changes of the clonal repertoire.
Total Homeostaticity and Integrity Constraints Restorability Recognition

We introduce and explore a property of deductive data bases with updates wich we call total homeostaticity, and which substantially generalizes the following their property: ”for any given external update violating the integrity constraints there exists a reaction of the data base, which restores the integrity constraints”. This property is characteristic of active data bases. We explore the computational complexity of total homeostaticity recognition in various subclasses of Datalog programs with updates and show that it is much simpler than the homeostaticity in a specific DB state. In particular, it turns out to be polynomial time solvable in several situations of interest for
Gender Differences and Computing in Course Choice at Entry into Higher Education

A sample of beginning students (387) who had just entered Higher Education were asked why they had made their course choices, and what their views were of the situation where low numbers of females were entering computing and technological areas. Whilst males in general were more instrumental in their course choices than females, computing students of both sexes appeared attracted by extrinsic awards perceived to go along with computing, and tended to deny that they were especially suited to study in their area. Potential female students of computing appeared to be put off by the prospect of harassment in predominantly male groups, and by problems linked to images of unfemininity. Whilst it was generally thought that females had the ability to study computers, school teachers were widely criticised for putting schoolgirls off technological subjects.
The rediscovery of the active learner in adaptive contexts: A developmental-historical analysis..

A reexamination of Thorndike and Woodworth's (1901a) connectionist conception of ransfer as dependent on identical elements between the training and transfer situations shows that this view was developed as a reaction to a formal discipline approach to pedagogy, not as an attempt to introduce positivism into the transfer literature. Transfer was conceived as a highly cognitive process, quite sensitive to the context in which it was taking place. Hence, Thorndike and Woodworth agreed more with the Gestaltists on the role of relationship among elements in transfer than has heretofore been recognized. Moreover, this historical battle still underlies more recent cognitive and sociocultural approaches to transfer of training. This article also reviews current work on transfer, from new uses of identical elements in cognitive science, to metacognitive and metamemory emphases on active assessment of context. In contrast, the sociogenetic approach, following the ideas of Vygotsky, carries holistic Gestaltist noti.
REUSABLE ARCHITECTURE AND TOOLS FOR TEAMS OF LIGHTWEIGHT HETEROGENEOUS ROBOTS

The software framework RoboFrame has been designed to meet the special requirements for teams of lightweight autonomous heterogeneous robot systems. Due to platform abstraction and modern object oriented design, it allows the reuse of components of common robot control software. It can also efficiently be implemented on new platforms and enables different control architectures for different tasks. For the exemplary application in autonomous robot soccer teams configurable and portable algorithms for vision, world modeling, behavior and motion control have been developed on top of the framework. For debugging, controlling and monitoring, an extendable graphical user interface and a generic simulator package have been implemented around the framework. Based on these instruments, different applications for homogeneous and heterogeneous robot teams can be realized in short time.
Economic impact of personality disorders in UK primary care attenders

Background The economic impact of personality disorders on UK health services is unknown. Aims To test the hypothesis that people with personality disorders have higher mean health and non-health costs compared with those without personality disorders. Method Prospective cohort study design. A total of 303 general practice attenders were followed-up 1 year after they had been assessed for the presence of personality disorders. Costs were estimated in £ sterling at 1999 price levels. Results The mean total cost for patients with personality disorders was £3094 (s.d.=5324) compared with £1633 (s.d.=3779) for those without personality disorders. Personality disorders were not independently associated with increased costs. Multivariate analyses identified the presence of a significant interaction between personality disorders and common mental disorders and increased total costs (coefficient=499, 95% CI 180.1-626.2, P=0.002). Conclusions Personality disorders are not independently associated with increased costs. An interaction between personality disorders and common mental disorders significantly predicts increased total costs.
Towards the development of a SMA-actuated MRI-compatible tendon-driven neurosurgical robot

In this paper, we present the design and development of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible tendon-driven robot to overcome the limitations of our previous minimally invasive neurosurgical intracranaial robot (MINIR). In this prototype, the robot is made of plastic and the MRI-compatible shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators are placed away from the robot. The robot has four revolute joints which are placed orthogonally to have out-of-plane motion capability. Each joint is connected to a pair of antagonistic SMA spring actuators through the tendon-sheath mechanism. Each SMA spring actuator can be controlled independently to actuate the corresponding joint. A theoretical model and experimental setup have been developed to evaluate the recovery force of the SMA spring at different displacement and temperatures. The experimental results closely match the theoretical model and it shows significant promise for future development in this area. A series of MRI compatibility tests have also been performed to evaluate the MRI compatibility of the device and to assess the degradation in image quality, if any, during actuation. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the robot is MRI-compatible and it creates no significant distortion in the MR images during actuation.
Meiosis in a temperature-sensitive DNA-synthesis mutant and in an apomictic yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

It is shown that in the temperature-sensitive yeast mutant (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) spo 11 at the restrictive temperature of 34 degrees C. (1) premeiotic DNA synthesis is nearly completely blocked; (2) the nucleus enters meiotic prophase indicated by the formation of axial cores and polysynaptonemal complexes; (3) the kinetic apparatus functions normally at meiosis I and II; (4) early spore formation occurs in nearly all cells but it is variable and all spores eventually degenerate. It is concluded that chromosome replication is not a prerequisite for the functions listed above. The apomictic yeast strain 4117 produces 2 diploid spores. It is shown that a diploid which produces 2-spored asci, synthesized from 4117, no. 5, and an adenine requiring strain (1) has a normal meiotic prophase with abundant synaptonemal complexes; (2) has only one meiotic spindle; (3) has spores which form red clones more frequently than normal or u.v. -treated vegetative cells form ade/ade red sectors through mitotic recombination. It is concluded that this apomictic yeast has maintained meiotic prophase, but that one of the two meiotic divisions is suppressed.
Motivation losses in teamwork

Team diversity may lead to a categorization of teammates as ingroup versus outgroup members. Therefore, the question arises whether there would be more permissiveness in reaction to ingroup free-riders than outgroup free-riders. To test this hypothesis, subjects were randomly assigned to one of two reward conditions (equity versus equality) and had to work with a partner who obviously underachieved and supposedly belonged to the same or a different group with regard to cognitive style. In addition, we assessed subjects’ individual sensitivity to equity norms, assuming that this would be a further moderator of the sucker effect. As expected, significant interaction effects on individual performance occurred for both variables.
Screening for MRSA: A Flawed Hospital Infection Control Intervention

Focusing hospital resources on a single antibiotic-resistant pathogen as a sole approach to infection control is inherently flawed. We applied attributable mortality principles to a basic model of bloodstream infections to outline the argument. Screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone made sense in the 1980s, but the ongoing emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and antibiotic-resistant strains of gram-negative rods and Candida species, as well as the recognition of the value of team-based infection control programs, support a population-based approach.
The Research of Optimization of Browse Efficiency Based on Web Information on Small-Screen

Mobile communication has emerged rapidly as an exciting new research region that changed greatly in human life and the way of working and poses fascinating problems regarding mobile computing including mobile network interlink, mobile data communication and information display etc. This paper concentrate on a research in the area of displaying optimizations of mobile information based on Web browse on small-screen. We make use of a improved algorithm to build up some importance model, and retrieval page layout, thus achieve the aim of excellent browse information. Exactly, we give a detailed discussion with involving technique such as block segmentations design principle and algorithm, block importance model and computing importance, page layout method, show of testing result, and so on.
Impaired Retention of Motor Learning of Writing Skills in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease with Freezing of Gait

Background Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and freezing of gait (FOG) suffer from more impaired motor and cognitive functioning than their non-freezing counterparts. This underlies an even higher need for targeted rehabilitation programs in this group. However, so far it is unclear whether FOG affects the ability for consolidation and generalization of motor learning and thus the efficacy of rehabilitation. Objective To investigate the hallmarks of motor learning in people with FOG compared to those without by comparing the effects of an intensive motor learning program to improve handwriting. Methods Thirty five patients with PD, including 19 without and 16 with FOG received six weeks of handwriting training consisting of exercises provided on paper and on a touch-sensitive writing tablet. Writing training was based on single- and dual-task writing and was supported by means of visual target zones. To investigate automatization, generalization and retention of learning, writing performance was assessed before and after training in the presence and absence of cues and dual tasking and after a six-week retention period. Writing amplitude was measured as primary outcome measure and variability of writing and dual-task accuracy as secondary outcomes. Results Significant learning effects were present on all outcome measures in both groups, both for writing under single- and dual-task conditions. However, the gains in writing amplitude were not retained after a retention period of six weeks without training in the patient group without FOG. Furthermore, patients with FOG were highly dependent on the visual target zones, reflecting reduced generalization of learning in this group. Conclusions Although short-term learning effects were present in both groups, generalization and retention of motor learning were specifically impaired in patients with PD and FOG. The results of this study underscore the importance of individualized rehabilitation protocols.
Analysis and Interpretation of Findings Using Multiple Regression Techniques

Multiple regression and correlation (MRC) methods form a flexible family of statistical techniques that can address a wide variety of different types of research questions of interest to rehabilitation professionals. In this article, we review basic concepts and terms, with an emphasis on interpretation of findings relevant to research questions of interest to rehabilitation researchers. To assist readers in using MRC effectively, we review common analytical models (e.g., mediator and moderator tests) and recent thinking on topics such as interpretation of effect sizes and power analysis.
Robust Validation of Network Designs under Uncertain Demands and Failures

A key challenge confronting wide-area network architects is validating that their network designs provide assurable performance in the face of variable traffic demands and failures. Validation is hard because of the exponential, and possibly non-enumerable, set of scenarios that must be considered. Current theoretical tools provide overly conservative bounds on network performance since to remain tractable, they do not adequately model the flexible routing strategies that networks employ in practice to adapt to failures and changing traffic demands. In this paper, we develop an optimizationtheoretic framework to derive the worst-case network performance across scenarios of interest by modeling flexible routing adaptation strategies. We present an approach to tackling the resulting intractable problems, which can achieve tighter bounds on network performance than current techniques. While our framework is general, we focus on bounding worst-case link utilizations, and case studies involving topology design, and MPLS tunnels, chosen both for their practical importance and to illustrate key aspects of our framework. Evaluations over real network topologies and traffic data show the promise of the approach.
Using fault injection to evaluate the performability of cluster-based services

We propose a two-phase methodology for quantifying the performability (performance + avail- ability) of cluster-based Internet services. In the first phase, evaluators use a fault-injection infrastructure to measure the impact of faults on the server's perfor- mance. In the second phase, evaluators use an ana- lytical model to combine an expected fault load with measurements from the first phase to assess the server's performability. Using this model, evaluators can study the server's sensitivity to different design decisions, fault rates, and other environmental factors. To demonstrate our methodology, we study the performability of 4 ver- sions of the PRESS Web server against 5 classes of faults. We use Mendosus, a new fault-injection and net- work emulation infrastructure, to effect phase 1 of our methodology. We then use our model to quantify the per- formability of the different versions of PRESS. We also use the model to study the impact of reducing live oper- ator support and adding RAIDs on PRESS's performa- bility.