Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD) and Stress: A Mutual Relationship between Children and Mothers

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by high levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity which may result in mothers' stress. The current study aims to compare stress among 45 mothers of ADHD children who had referred to “Rofeydeh psychiatric center” with 45 mothers of normal children. Methods: Brief demographic researcher-made questionnaire, Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Parental Stress Index-Short Form (PSI/SF) were completed for each mother and child. Results: The results showed that except the component of acceptance, ADHD children had more problems in the field of attention compared with normal children. Mothers of ADHD children had also more stress compared with mothers of normal children. Discussion: ADHD can impair mothers' mental health by inducing stress and this issue has important clinical and treatment implications. Specific treatment programs should be designed and implemented in Iran for the mothers of ADHD children to reduce stress among them and therefore, improve their mental health status.
Segmentation of Chinese Long Sentences Using Commas

The comma is the most common form of punctuation. As such, it may have the greatest effect on the syntactic analysis of a sentence. As an isolate language, Chinese sentences have fewer cues for parsing. The clues for segmentation of a long Chinese sentence are even fewer. However, the average frequency of comma usage in Chinese is higher than other languages. The comma plays an important role in long Chinese sentence segmentation. This paper proposes a method for classifying commas in Chinese sentences by their context, then segments a long sentence according to the classification results. Experimental results show that accuracy for the comma classification reaches 87.1 percent, and with our segmentation model, our parsers dependency parsing accuracy improves by 9.6 percent.
Services composition model for home-automation peer-to-peer pervasive computing

Collaborative mechanisms between services are a crucial aspect in the recent development of pervasive computing systems based on the paradigm of service-oriented architecture. Currently, trends in development of services computing are taking into account new high-level interaction models founded on services composition. These services make up their functionalities with the objective of creating smart spaces in which services with different purposes can collaborate to offer new and more complex functionalities to the user transparently. This leads to the creation of collaborative spaces with value-added services derived from the composition of existing ones. However, there are many aspects to consider during the development of this type of systems in pervasive spaces, in which the extensive use of embedded devices with limited characteristics of mobility, computing resources and memory, is a large handicap. This paper describes a model of services composition based on a directed acyclic graph used in a services middleware for home-automation, in which we work with loosely coupled services-oriented systems over the peer-to-peer technology JXTA. The presented composition model guarantee the acyclicity of the composition map between services as well as favours the building of collaborative light services using peers as proactive entities, which could be executed on embedded devices. These ones are capable of establishing dynamic intercommunications, synchronizing with others and form coalitions to cooperate between theirs for a common purpose.
Advanced Spatial-Division Multiplexed Measurement Systems Propositions—From Telecommunication to Sensing Applications: A Review

The concepts of spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) technology were first proposed in the telecommunications industry as an indispensable solution to reduce the cost-per-bit of optical fiber transmission. Recently, such spatial channels and modes have been applied in optical sensing applications where the returned echo is analyzed for the collection of essential environmental information. The key advantages of implementing SDM techniques in optical measurement systems include the multi-parameter discriminative capability and accuracy improvement. In this paper, to help readers without a telecommunication background better understand how the SDM-based sensing systems can be incorporated, the crucial components of SDM techniques, such as laser beam shaping, mode generation and conversion, multimode or multicore elements using special fibers and multiplexers are introduced, along with the recent developments in SDM amplifiers, opto-electronic sources and detection units of sensing systems. The examples of SDM-based sensing systems not only include Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry or Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDR/BOTDA) using few-mode fibers (FMF) and the multicore fiber (MCF) based integrated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, but also involve the widely used components with their whole information used in the full multimode constructions, such as the whispering gallery modes for fiber profiling and chemical species measurements, the screw/twisted modes for examining water quality, as well as the optical beam shaping to improve cantilever deflection measurements. Besides, the various applications of SDM sensors, the cost efficiency issue, as well as how these complex mode multiplexing techniques might improve the standard fiber-optic sensor approaches using single-mode fibers (SMF) and photonic crystal fibers (PCF) have also been summarized. Finally, we conclude with a prospective outlook for the opportunities and challenges of SDM technologies in optical sensing industry.
The Functional Consequences of Mutualistic Network Architecture

The architecture and properties of many complex networks play a significant role in the functioning of the systems they describe. Recently, complex network theory has been applied to ecological entities, like food webs or mutualistic plant-animal interactions. Unfortunately, we still lack an accurate view of the relationship between the architecture and functioning of ecological networks. In this study we explore this link by building individual-based pollination networks from eight Erysimum mediohispanicum (Brassicaceae) populations. In these individual-based networks, each individual plant in a population was considered a node, and was connected by means of undirected links to conspecifics sharing pollinators. The architecture of these unipartite networks was described by means of nestedness, connectivity and transitivity. Network functioning was estimated by quantifying the performance of the population described by each network as the number of per-capita juvenile plants produced per population. We found a consistent relationship between the topology of the networks and their functioning, since variation across populations in the average per-capita production of juvenile plants was positively and significantly related with network nestedness, connectivity and clustering. Subtle changes in the composition of diverse pollinator assemblages can drive major consequences for plant population performance and local persistence through modifications in the structure of the inter-plant pollination networks.
A procedure based on partial sums of order statistics to detect differentially expressed genes

In this paper we propose a new procedure to select differentially expressed genes between several conditions in microarray experiments. Asymptotic properties for the false discovery rate are proved under mild conditions. We compare by simulations and on a pseudo-real data set our procedure to the Benjamini and Hochberg's procedure and a procedure based on mixture models.
Automatic Letter Composition for Customer Service

Corporations worldwide have seen a sharply increasing need for cus-tomized client correspondence in recent years. Financial institutions, mail-order companies, legal firms—any corporation that maintains a Customer Service Department—must generate written correspondence that clearly communicates specific, individualized information to clients. Indeed, in a slumping economy, much has been made of the need to differentiate one's business from the competition by providing higher-quality customer service (Agins et al. 1990). However, the industry continues to express this commitment through a combination of awkward form letters and expensive original letters composed by hand. This chapter describes an application of Cognitive Systems' Intelligent Correspondence Generator (ICG), which has increased the quality, reduced the complexity, and drastically cut the turnaround time associated with the production of personalized letters at its installation site. Users with little or no training in business correspondence can invoke the system to automatically compose complete, high-quality letters specifically tailored to the addressee's situation.
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Kuwaiti Children and Adolescents

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among 6- to 18-year-old Kuwaiti children. Subjects and Methods: Children with type 2 diabetes were identified at 182 schools (50 primary, 63 intermediate, and 69 secondary) randomly selected using the 2000/2001 educational districts’ registers as a sampling frame. Prevalence rates were adjusted to the 2002 Kuwaiti population. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was based on the World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association criteria. Results: Type 2 diabetes was identified in 45 of the 128,918 children surveyed, thereby giving an overall prevalence of 34.9 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 24.7–45.1]. There was a significant difference in prevalence between males (47.3, 95% CI 28.7–65.8) and females (26.3, 95% CI 14.8–37.8) at p = 0.05 and a significant trend for an increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes with age (p = 0.026). The overall age-adjusted prevalence rate in the 2002 Kuwaiti population was 33.2 (95% CI 26.6–39.9), 41.6 (95% CI 31.2–52.0) in male and 24.6 (95% CI 16.4–32.7) in female children; the difference was significant at p = 0.013. There was no significant difference in prevalence between regions. Children with type 2 diabetes had a significantly higher frequency (51.1%) of a positive family history of diabetes than children of a similar age without type 2 diabetes (22.2%) (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adult Kuwaitis is spreading to children and adolescents, making it an emergency public health problem. Efforts need to be initiated to address prevention strategies of type 2 diabetes in youth.
Diferença em proteólise postmortem entre Bos taurus taurus e Bos taurus indicus pode estar associada a capacidade máxima respiratória mitocondrial

10 1. INTRODUÇÃO . 11 2. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA.15 2.1. QUALIDADE E MACIEZ DA CARNE DE ANIMAIS BOS TAURUS TAURUS E BOS TAURUS INDICUS . 16 2.2. METABOLISMO ENERGÉTICO DO MÚSCULO POSTMORTEM . 17 2.2.1. LACTATO DESIDROGENASE . 18 2.2.2. CITRATO SINTASE . 18 2.3. MITOCÔNDRIA, METABOLISMO ENERGÉTICO MUSCULAR E QUALIDADE DA CARNE . 19 2.4. SISTEMA PROTEOLÍTICO E PH . 22 2.5. DEGRADAÇÃO PROTEICA . 24 2.5. 1. TITINA E NEBULINA . 24 2.5. 2. ALFA-II-ESPECTRINA . 27 2.5. 3. DESMINA . 25 2.5. 4. TROPONINA-T . 26 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS . 27 3.1. ANIMAIS E AMOSTRAGEM . 27 3.2. PARÂMETROS DE CARCAÇA PARA RENDIMENTO E QUALIDADE . 28 3.3. FORÇA DE CISALHAMENTO . 28 3.4. ATIVIDADES DAS ENZIMAS LACTATO DESIDROGENASE E CITRATO SINTASE . 29 3.5. EFICIÊNCIA MITOCONDRIAL POR RESPIRÔMETRO DE ALTA RESOLUÇÃO EM FIBRAS PERMEABILIZADAS . 30 3.6. ANÁLISES DE ELETROFORESE . 33 3.6. 1. DEGRADAÇÃO DE TITINA E NEBULINA EM GEL DE AGAROSE . 33 3.6. 2. PREPARO DAS AMOSTRAS PARA IMUNODETECÇÃO . 34 3.6. 2.1. AUTÓLISE DE μ-CALPAÍNA E DEGRADAÇÃO PROTEICA . 35 3.7. ANÁLISES ESTATÍSTICAS . 36 4. RESULTADOS . 39 4.1. CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS TIPOS BIOLÓGICOS . 39 4.2. ATIVIDADES DAS ENZIMAS GLICOLÍTICAS E DECLÍNIO DE PH DAS CARCAÇAS . 40
Assessing the Dimensions of Relationship Quality in B2C E Banking Services: An Empirical Comparative Study

In B2C Online services contexts where relationships between customers and service providers matter due to the lack of faceto- face interactions, uncertainty, intangibility, hyper competition, increasing risk of fraud and lack of trust. Relationship quality (RQ) is replacing service quality as a key source of superior performance and competitive advantage. Accordingly, this study investigates the dimensions of relationship quality from e-Banking services and explores the differences among customers of Jordanian and foreign banks. Many of the foreign banks in Jordan are equipped with large financial capital, having high banking and financial experiences and are offering many modern hi-tech banking services. This situation makes Jordanian banks in front of unprecedented competition and so they have invested heavily to develop their e-banking services, in order to strengthening their relationships with existing customers, enhancing their trust, letting them satisfied, ensuring their commitment and attracting of new ones. This paper aims to identify the key dimensions that shape the relationship quality among Jordanian and foreign banks and their customers who are utilizing the e-Banking services. Based on an extensive review of relevant literature, we have formulated nine hypotheses and identified three factors (satisfaction, trust, and commitment) that may affect the competitiveness and success of Jordanian and foreign banks. Survey data from 350 customers from four Jordanian banks and four foreign banks in Amman city the capital of Jordan were collected and used to test the proposed hypotheses. Based on the structural equation modeling and Ttest analyses, our empirical analysis demonstrates several key findings.
A Comprehensive Comparative Study of Word and Sentence Similarity Measures

Sentence similarity is considered the basis of many natural language tasks such as information retrieval, question answering and text summarization. The semantic meaning between compared text fragments is based on the words’ semantic features and their relationships. This article reviews a set of word and sentence similarity measures and compares them on benchmark datasets. On the studied datasets, results showed that hybrid semantic measures perform better than both knowledge and corpus based measures.
A Formal Approach for Modeling Software Agents Coordination

In this paper, we propose a nested Petri net approach to model the coordination of multi-agent s ys ems. A higher level net (called host net) defines the move ments and coordination mechanism of agents, while lower level n ts (called agent nets that are tokens of the host net) model the behavior of individual agents. A dynamic channel co ncept and the notation are introduced for modeling the communications and coordination between the host ne t a d agent nets. We demonstrate our modeling approach th roug an e-market example. Our approach promotes the extensibility and flexibility of multiple agent sys tem design through dynamic channels.
Robust Audio-Visual Speech Recognition Under Noisy Audio-Video Conditions

This paper presents the maximum weighted stream posterior (MWSP) model as a robust and efficient stream integration method for audio-visual speech recognition in environments, where the audio or video streams may be subjected to unknown and time-varying corruption. A significant advantage of MWSP is that it does not require any specific measurements of the signal in either stream to calculate appropriate stream weights during recognition, and as such it is modality-independent. This also means that MWSP complements and can be used alongside many of the other approaches that have been proposed in the literature for this problem. For evaluation we used the large XM2VTS database for speaker-independent audio-visual speech recognition. The extensive tests include both clean and corrupted utterances with corruption added in either/both the video and audio streams using a variety of types (e.g., MPEG-4 video compression) and levels of noise. The experiments show that this approach gives excellent performance in comparison to another well-known dynamic stream weighting approach and also compared to any fixed-weighted integration approach in both clean conditions or when noise is added to either stream. Furthermore, our experiments show that the MWSP approach dynamically selects suitable integration weights on a frame-by-frame basis according to the level of noise in the streams and also according to the naturally fluctuating relative reliability of the modalities even in clean conditions. The MWSP approach is shown to maintain robust recognition performance in all tested conditions, while requiring no prior knowledge about the type or level of noise.
Electrical remodelling maintains firing properties in cortical pyramidal neurons lacking KCND2‐encoded A‐type K+ currents

Considerable experimental evidence has accumulated demonstrating a role for voltage‐gated K+ (Kv) channel pore‐forming (α) subunits of the Kv4 subfamily in the generation of fast transient outward K+, IA, channels. Immunohistochemical data suggest that IA channels in hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons reflect the expression of homomeric Kv4.2 channels. The experiments here were designed to define directly the role of Kv4.2 in the generation of IA in cortical pyramidal neurons and to determine the functional consequences of the targeted deletion of Kv4.2 on the resting and active membrane properties of these cells. Whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recordings, obtained from visual cortical pyramidal neurons isolated from mice in which the KCND2 (Kv4.2) locus was disrupted (Kv4.2‐/‐ mice), revealed that IA is indeed eliminated. In addition, the densities of other Kv current components, specifically IK and Iss, are increased significantly (P < 0.001) in most (∼80%) Kv4.2‐/‐ cells. The deletion of KCND2 (Kv4.2) and the elimination of IA is also accompanied by the loss of the Kv4 channel accessory protein KChIP3, suggesting that in the absence of Kv4.2, the KChIP3 protein is targeted for degradation. The expression levels of several Kv α subunits (Kv4.3, Kv1.4, Kv2.1, Kv2.2), however, are not measurably altered in Kv4.2‐/‐ cortices. Although IA is eliminated in Kv4.2‐/‐ pyramidal neurons, the mean ±s.e. m. current threshold for action potential generation and the waveforms of action potentials are indistinguishable from those recorded from wild‐type cells. Repetitive firing is also maintained in Kv4.2‐/‐ cortical pyramidal neurons, suggesting that the increased densities of IK and Iss compensate for the in vivo loss of IA.
A Novel Space-Frequency Block Coding Scheme for SC-FDMA

Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC- FDMA) has been adopted as a possible air interface for future wireless networks as it combines the advantages of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and the low envelope variation properties of single carrier (SC) transmission. The classical transmit antenna diversity technique as Space- Frequency Block Coding (SFBC) will harm single-carrier property and thus enhance the power amplifier efficiency of the mobile terminal. To solve this problem, a modified scheme of SFBC compatible with SC-FDMA is proposed in this paper. The proposed SFBC scheme is based on the groups rather than the symbols which remains the same signal distribution as the equivalent SC transmission. As a result, the PAPR of the proposed SFBC scheme is reduced. Simulation results show that the proposed SFBC scheme has good PAPR and Bit Block Error Rate (BLER) on frequency selective MIMO channels. Keywords-SC-FDMA;transmit diversity; SFBC; PAPR
Turbulent solitary wave boundary layer

This paper summarizes the results of an experimental investigation of turbulent solitary wave boundary layers. The wave induced flow has been simulated by a solitary motion in an oscillating tunnel. The experiments show that the boundary layer flow remains laminar for Re numbers smaller than Re=5x10. The experiments further show that the bed shear stress reverses during the deceleration stage of the freestream flow. In a narrow sub-range of Re number (2x10 ≤ Re < 5x10) in the laminar regime, the boundary layer flow experiences a regular array of vortices near the bed over a short period of time during the deceleration stage. The transition-to-turbulence at Re=5x10 is associated with the emergence of turbulent spots, revealed by single/multiple, or, sometimes, quite dense spikes in the bed shear stress variations. Flow resistance in terms of wave friction coefficient including the phase information has also been worked out for both the acceleration and deceleration stages of the free-stream flow of the wave.
Dose–effect relationships between manganese exposure and neurological, neuropsychological and pulmonary function in confined space bridge welders

Background: Although adverse neuropsychological and neurological health effects are well known among workers with high manganese (Mn) exposures in mining, ore-processing and ferroalloy production, the risks among welders with lower exposures are less well understood. Methods: Confined space welding in construction of a new span of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge without adequate protection was studied using a multidisciplinary method to identify the dose–effect relationship between adverse health effects and Mn in air or whole blood. Bridge welders (n = 43) with little or no personal protection equipment and exposed to a welding fume containing Mn, were administered neurological, neuropsychological, neurophysiological and pulmonary tests. Outcome variables were analysed in relation to whole blood Mn (MnB) and a Cumulative Exposure Index (CEI) based on Mn-air, duration and type of welding. Welders performed a mean of 16.5 months of welding on the bridge, were on average 43.8 years of age and had on average 12.6 years of education. Results: The mean time weighted average of Mn-air ranged from 0.11–0.46 mg/m3 (55% >0.20 mg/m3). MnB >10 µg/l was found in 43% of the workers, but the concentrations of Mn in urine, lead in blood and copper and iron in plasma were normal. Forced expiratory volume at 1s: forced vital capacity ratios (FEV1/FVC) were found to be abnormal in 33.3% of the welders after about 1.5 years of welding at the bridge. Mean scores of bradykinesia and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale exceeded 4 and 6, respectively. Computer assisted tremor analysis system hand tremor and body sway tests, and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test showed impairment in 38.5/61.5, 51.4 and 88% of the welders, respectively. Significant inverse dose–effect relationships with CEI and/or MnB were found for IQ (p⩽0.05), executive function (p⩽0.03), sustaining concentration and sequencing (p⩽0.04), verbal learning (p⩽0.01), working (p⩽0.04) and immediate memory (p⩽0.02), even when adjusted for demographics and years of welding before Bay Bridge. Symptoms reported by the welders while working were: tremors (41.9%); numbness (60.5%); excessive fatigue (65.1%); sleep disturbance (79.1%); sexual dysfunction (58.1%); toxic hallucinations (18.6%); depression (53.5%); and anxiety (39.5%). Dose–effect associations between CEI and sexual function (p<0.05), fatigue (p<0.05), depression (p<0.01) and headache (p<0.05) were statistically significant. Conclusions: Confined space welding was shown to be associated with neurological, neuropsychological and pulmonary adverse health effects. A careful enquiry of occupational histories is recommended for all welders presenting with neurological or pulmonary complaints, and a more stringent prevention strategy should be considered for Mn exposure due to inhalation of welding fume.