Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desakota and Beyond: Neoliberal Production of Suburban Space in Manila's Fringe

The term desakota, a mixed urban-rural space adjacent to a metropolitan area, has been substantially used to depict a distinct Southeast Asian urban phenomenon. Invoking the resistant and anti-essentialist aspect of this concept, I offer a critical interrogation of suburban developments in a Global South setting, in particular in Manila's urban fringe, by grounding it within neoliberal restructuring in the Philippines. As the Philippines continues to experience sustained real estate growth eliciting jubilant support from both the state and the market, vast tracks of land on Manila's fringe have been converted to multiple gated residential subdivision developments. Using the case study of Canlubang, I problematize the accelerated production of these suburban spaces in two ways. One, I foreground their historical economic, social, political, and geographical relations and contestations involving multiple actors, such as landed elites, taipans, Overseas Filipinos, dispossessed farmers, and indigenous peoples. Second, I unpack these highly preferred developments by linking them to the continued land struggles of farmers and persistent dominance of political-economic elites in the Philippines. As farmers face numerous acts of harassment, violence, and demolition to make way for these developments, several farming communities have managed to sustain their resistance to these projects. These spatial narratives offer possible theoretical and empirical trajectories that elucidate grounded contingencies between urbanization and neoliberalization in multiple contexts and illustrate the instability of urban futures projected by neoliberal visions.
Overexpression of Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Attenuates Acute Activation of Activator Protein-1 After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

Background and Purpose— Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia (FCI). ROS are known to regulate the activity of transcription factors such as activator protein-1 (AP-1), which is a dimer consisting of members of the Jun and Fos families. We investigated the role of ROS in AP-1 activity after FCI using transgenic mice that overexpressed copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and that had reduced infarction volume after FCI. Methods— The SOD1 transgenic mice and their wild-type littermates were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion by intraluminal suture blockade. After 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion, mice were allowed to recover for 1, 2, and 4 hours before euthanasia. Protein expression of c-Jun and c-Fos was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AP-1 DNA-protein binding activity was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Results— In wild-type mice, immunohistochemistry demonstrated acute c-Jun and c-Fos activation in ischemic cortex and its outer boundary. Expression of both was reduced in SOD1 transgenic mice. Western blotting confirmed that SOD1 overexpression was associated with reduced c-Jun and c-Fos protein levels in ischemic brain. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the ischemia-enhanced DNA binding activity observed in wild-type mice was reduced in SOD1 transgenic mice. Supershift assays indicated that c-Jun participated in the bound AP-1 complex. Conclusions— SOD1 overexpression prevents early activation of AP-1 after transient FCI in mice. This may block the expression of downstream target genes that are injurious, thereby reducing the infarction volume after transient FCI in mice.
Nature and Science of Sleep Dovepress

all-cause mortality from obstructive sleep apnea in male and female patients with and without continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a registry study with 10 years of follow-up Background: More information is needed about the effect on mortality of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), especially in women. Methods: We employed a historical cohort study design, using data from 25,389 patients with a diagnosis of OSA selected from the Danish National Patient Registry for the period 1999–2009. We used Cox proportional hazard function to evaluate the all-cause mortality from OSA in middle-aged and elderly males and females who were treated, or not, with CPAP. Results: Female OSA patients had a lower mortality than males, irrespective of whether they received CPAP treatment. CPAP treatment improved survival, as illustrated by the hazard ratio of 0.62 (P,0.001). This effect was dependent on gender: CPAP had no significant effect on 20-to 39-year-old males and females, but the overall mortality in this age group was small. Survival was increased by CPAP in 40-to 59-year-old and $60-year-old males, but no such effect was observed in females. Positive predictors of survival were young age, female gender, higher educational level, and low 3-year prior comorbidity as estimated by the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Negative predictors for survival were male gender, age $60 years, no CPAP treatment, prior comorbidity, and low educational level. Conclusion: CPAP therapy is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly males, but no significant effect was found in females.
There are limitations to traditional mentalistic concepts of, and opportunities for parsimonious functionally based explanations, in relation to deferred imitation, joint attention, and social communication in autism spectrum disorders

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the standard-comparison study by Strid, K. , Heimann, M. , Gillberg, C. , Smith, L. , & Tjus, T. (2012). Deferred Imitation and Social Communication in Speaking and Nonspeaking Children With Autism. Focus Autism Other Developmental Disabilities, DOI: 10.1177/1088357612468030 Source of funding and disclosure of interest: The study was supported by a number of grants from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research and the European Science Foundation Cooperation in Science and Technology Action (ESF COST Action). No conflicts of interests were disclosed.
Tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin induce differentiation of human myeloid cell lines in synergy with immune interferon

We show that the cytotoxins tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or lymphotoxin (LT), at concentrations of approximately 10(-11) M induce monocytic differentiation of human myeloid cell lines. After 5 d of culture in the presence of rTNF and LT, a significant proportion of the myeloid cell lines express monocyte differentiation antigens and ANAE activity, and become able to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and mediate low levels of ADCC against tumor target cells. These markers of differentiation, however, are maximally induced when rIFN-gamma, at concentrations as low as 4 U/ml, is present simultaneously with the cytotoxins, and the two classes of cytokines act synergistically to induce terminal differentiation. The appearance of monocytic antigens is accompanied by acquisition of morphology and other functional properties of mature monocytic cells, such as chemiluminescence and phagocytosis, and by expression of FcR for monomeric IgG. A decrease in cell proliferation accompanies induced differentiation, and is not due to the cytotoxic properties of TNF or LT, as indicated in simultaneous analysis of surface phenotype and cell cycle. The lack of cytotoxicity of TNF on the HL-60 cell line is also demonstrated by the enhancing effect of TNF on HL-60 cell growth and nucleoside uptake in the first 2 d of culture. These data show that the cytotoxins TNF and LT mediate complex effects on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage and, in synergy with IFN-gamma, can fully induce immature myeloid cells to differentiate into cells with phenotypic, functional, and proliferative characteristics of terminally differentiated myelomonocytic cells.
New cascade diode H-bridge multi-level rectifier

In allusion to current circulation through the switch and the corresponding diode rectifier bridge in certain conditions leading to other cascaded diode rectifier bridges withstand the full supply voltage in traditional cascaded diode H-bridge multi-level Rectifier, a novel cascade diode H-bridge multi-level structure is proposed. Not needing power frequency phase-shifting transformer, the proposed topology is composed of cascaded H-bridge diode rectifier and boost circuit modular units, by which the high power factor rectify, the output of stabilized voltage of cascaded modular units and voltage-sharing control can be implemented. The basic working principle of the proposed topology, mathematical modeling and phase diagram of the circuit and its steady state characteristics are discussed, and corresponding control strategy is given. The feasibility of the proposed topology and control strategy is validated by simulation results and experimental results.
Identification of a novel member of the T1R family of putative taste receptors

In the gustatory system, the recognition of sugars, amino acids and bitter‐tasting compounds is the function of specialized G protein‐coupled receptors. Recently, two members of novel subfamily of G protein‐coupled receptors were proposed to function as taste receptors based on their specific expression in taste receptor cells. Here, we report the identification of a third member, T1R3, of this family of receptors. T1R3 maps near the telomere of mouse chromosome 4 rendering it a candidate for the Sac locus, a primary determinant of sweet preference in mice. Consistent with its candidacy for the Sac locus, T1R3 displays taste receptor cell‐specific expression. In addition, taster and non‐taster strains of mouse harbor different alleles of T1R3.
Constructivist and Intersectional Interpretations of a Lesbian College Student's Multiple Social Identities

Constructivism and intersectionality are used to explore one lesbian college student’s multiple identities. These frameworks reveal how meaning-making contributes to power’s influence on identity, while power shapes meaning-making. For this student, lesbian identity is a product of social class, dominant and subordinate norms, and interactions among marginalized and privileged identities.
Progress in understanding the assembly process of bacterial O-antigen.

The discovery that the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria often carry unique polysaccharide signatures pre-dates most seminal discoveries of molecular biology and biochemistry of the 20th century. The O-antigen component of the lipopolysaccharide has been one of the most intensely studied bacterial polysaccharide surface structures for over 80 years. Yet, many questions about the mechanism of biosynthesis of the O-antigen and its transport to the cell surface remain unanswered. In this review we provide an overview of how the molecular basis of the O-antigen assembly and trafficking were unraveled in a historical context. We pay particular attention to the emergence of novel technological approaches and how they fueled the elucidation of the O-antigen maturation process. Moreover, we provide a brief perspective on the biosynthesis of enterobacterial common antigen and underline the similarities and differences between the pathways used to assemble these two surface polysaccharides. Finally, we highlight key discoveries that led to the understanding of the mechanistic basis of bacteriophage-induced O-antigen modifications. We place special emphasis on the regulation of the length of O-antigen polymers and provide a detailed overview of the models explaining the O-antigen length determination. Finally, we highlight outstanding questions that need to be addressed both structurally and functionally to advance our understanding of the O-antigen assembly, trafficking and export within cellular and molecular contexts.
CD1d-Restricted T Cell Pathways at the Epithelial-Lymphocyte-Luminal Interface

The mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, including the gut-associated lymphoid tissues, represent a tightly regulated environment that, on the one hand, must resist microbial invasions and on the other hand, when perturbed, causes inflammation such as that associated with inflammatory bowel disease. One type of regulatory cellular subset that has recently gained attention in this compartment is the subset of T cells that are associated with CD1d-restricted responses. Recently, CD1d-restricted T cells have been increasingly appreciated to play a significant role in mucosal tissues of the intestine and lung, for example. In this review, we focus on recent observations in the characteristics of CD1d-restricted pathways in mucosal compartments after a brief introduction to the biology of CD1d and CD1d-restricted T cells.
Against Blaise Cronin's 'Strategie Pragmatism' and in Defence of Social Responsibility in Librarianship

This article critically examines Blaise Cronin's condemnation of social responsibility in librarianship. It does so in a number of ways; first it finds that Cronin's opinion is based not on the evidence that social responsibility librarianship offers, but on a severely curtailed account of its practices. It then examines Cronin's use of language to disparage such practices. The central part of the article offers a case study and a critique of social-responsibility librarianship, examining sources which the author argues should have been considered by Cronin, were his original Claims to have any foundation. Finally, it argues against Cronin's narrow view of librarianship äs 'Strategie pragmatism', offering instead an access-based perspective that ultimately finds its best expression in social-responsibility librarianship.
An Automated Tool for Scoring Biomedical Terms Correlation Based on Semantic Analysis

The considerable improvement in the biotechnogical field and the adoption of screen techniques such as high throughput arrays produced a spread of biological and genetical data and scientific papers, mostly diffused on the Web. Even if the huge amount of available information represents a major step forward for the biomedical research field, the main effort for a scientist is to evaluate the correlation among the concepts both in qualitative and in quantitative terms. In the presented work, exploiting the richness of the UMLS Metathesaurus in combination with the novelty of the literature provided by PubMed, an automatic flow aimed at the scoring the semantic correlation among biomedical terms (e. g. biomolecules and biological processes) is proposed. The experiments show that obtained correlations are fully coherent with the information coming from the biological literature. The accuracy of the results remarks the importance of combining text mining techniques with complete and well structured thesaurus, such as UMLS.
Environmental Meaning and Ecosystem Management: Perspectives from Environmental Psychology and Human Geography

The contribution of human dimensions research to the ecological paradigm emerging in natural resource management involves the development of contextually rich, and spatially and historically specific, understandings of places. As an eclectic and integrative field of inquiry, environmental psychology offers a growing body of research that promotes a view of the person as a social agent who seeks out and creates meaning in the environment. As developed in environmental psychology, research from the adaptive, goal‐directed, and sociocultural paradigms is reviewed to illustrate alternative approaches to studying environmental meaning. These paradigms, taken together, provide complementary conceptual approaches for assessment and mapping of the diverse and often competing environmental meanings that various constituencies attach to natural resources. From human geography, the concept of place offers a framework for integrating environmental meanings into ecosystem management. Place constitutes a concrete focal.
Interactions within the Hand Representation in Primary Somatosensory Cortex of Primates

Previous studies indicate that primary somatosensory cortical area 3b in macaques contains a somatotopic map of the hand, encompassing representations of each digit. However, numerous observations including recent findings in anesthetized New World monkeys indicate that that the digit representations within the map are not discrete. We assessed the generality and spatial extent of these effects in awake macaques. We show that, within a given digit representation, (1) there is response to stimulation of all other digits tested, extending across most or all of the digit map, and (2) response to stimulation of the locally preferred digit is modulated by concurrent stimulation of each of the other digits. Control experiments rule out effects of attention and mechanical spread of stimulation. We thus confirm that, even at the first level of somatosensory cortical processing, inputs from potentially all of the digits frame the context within which the input to a single digit is represented.
Lentivirus and foamy virus vectors: novel gene therapy tools

The aim of gene therapy is to modify the genetic material of living cells to achieve therapeutic benefit. Gene therapy involves the insertion of a functional gene into a cell, to replace an absent or defective gene, or to fight an infectious agent or a tumour. At present, a wide variety of somatic tissues are being explored for the introduction of foreign genes with a view towards treatment. A prime requirement for successful gene therapy is the sustained expression of the therapeutic gene without any adverse effect on the recipient. A highly desirable vector would be generated at high titres, integrate into target cells (including non-dividing cells) and have little or no associated immune reactions. Lentiviruses have the ability to infect dividing and non-dividing cells and, therefore, constitute ideal candidates for development of vectors for gene therapy. This review presents a description of available lentiviral vectors, including vector design, applications to disease treatment and safety considerations. In addition, general aspects of the biology of lentiviruses with relevance to vector development will be discussed. Recent investigations have revealed that foamy viruses, another group of retroviruses, are also capable of infecting non-dividing cells. Thus, foamy virus vectors are actively being developed in parallel to lentivirus vectors. This review will also include various aspects of the biology of foamy viruses with relevance to vector development.
Environmental mediation of Atlantic cod on fish community composition: an application of multivariate regression tree analysis to exploited marine ecosystems

Changes in species abundances caused by climatic variability have long been linked to alterations in community composition, species interactions and maintenance of biodiversity in marine ecosystems. Here we use multivariate regression tree (MRT) analyses to quantify how changes in species abundances and environmental variability contributed to observed patterns of community composition in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2 contrasting periods (the cooler and less saline period 1991 to 1995 and the warmer and more saline period 1997 to 2003). Broad-scale patterns of commu- nity composition in both periods were consistently explained by the depth and salinity of the benthic environment, but biological factors differed. In the cold period, the previous year's catches of snow crab Chionoecetes opilio and northern shrimp (mainly Pandalus borealis) were most important, while in the warm period the previous year's catch of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua dominated. MRT models further identified spatially discrete areas where communities are characterized by relatively high abundances of these species. These results indicate that environmental variability leads to dynamic and spatially explicit responses not only of single species, but of marine communities. Applications of ecosystem management in the face of climate change must take this into account.
An Educational Forgiveness Intervention for Young Adult Children of Divorce

This study tested the effectiveness of a forgiveness intervention for young adult children of divorce. Adults between the ages of 20 and 40 were recruited from counties in a state along the West Coast and from a state in the Midwest. Participants were randomly assigned to either a forgiveness intervention or an alternative treatment control group. Measures of psychological well-being and the quality of social relationships were administered at pretest, posttest, and 8-week follow-up. Results were mixed; between-group analysis revealed little difference between the two interventions, whereas within-group difference indicated the forgiveness group made significant and positive changes on measures of forgiveness, parent–child relationships, and anxiety. Implications for research and practice with young adults are discussed.
Mistake on quantifying the indirect treatment effect via surrogate markers by Y. Qu and M. Case Statistics in Medicine 2006; 25:223–231

Qu et al. [1] have proposed a method to quantify the indirect treatment effect via surrogate markers. This was done using path analysis. The authors fitted three models in order to present the relationship among treatment, biomarkers and true clinical endpoint which was fracture. But the coefficients in the final models have some mistake. In Section 2.3 of the paper three models are as below: Y |T, X ∼ 0 + T T + 1 X1 +·· ·+ m Xm (1) X1|T, X2, . , Xm ∼a0 +a1T +a2 X2 +·· ·+am xm (2)
An Attributional Analysis of Teachers’ Affective Reactions to Student Success and Failure

This study builds on previously established attribution-affect linkages in an effort to better understand teachers’ evaluative reactions to student success and failure. In the scenarios presented to teachers, students who differed in ability and in the amount of effort they expended were described as doing well or poorly on important tests. An additional manipulation related to the consistency of effort expended by students. It was thought that teachers would assume more responsibility for outcomes tied to dramatic, recent shifts in student motivation. Teacher ratings of 10 key affects (e.g., pride, guilt, anger) were used as dependent variables. As predicted, the affective reactions of teachers indicate that they are more willing to accept personal responsibility for certain kinds of student outcomes than others. Results bear out the notion that teacher affect provides valuable insight into teacher attributional thinking.