Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Approach for Identifying Manipulated Online Reviews using Decision Tree

Now-a-days an internet has become an essential thing, as it provides more facilities to its users. There are many social networking sites which offer users to share their views. People share their thoughts about politics, social issues as well as about different products. It is a common practice today that before purchasing anything user checks the reviews of that product online. There are multiple sites which deal with these reviews. They provide ratings for the products as well as show comparison between different products. Some enterprises attempt to create fake reviews to affect customer behaviours and increase their sales. But, how to identify those fake reviews is a difficult task for customers. In today’s world of competition it is necessary for any enterprise to maintain its reputation in a market. So it is necessary for both, i.e. enterprise and customer to identify manipulated reviews. This paper studies different approaches for identifying manipulated reviews and proposes a new approach to identify those manipulated reviews using Decision Tree (DT). Keywords—Review Manipulation, Decision Tree, Feature Selection, Ensemble Decision tree.
Fear of the Dark: Interactive Effects of Beliefs about Danger and Ambient Darkness on Ethnic Stereotypes

Two studies examined effects of ambient darkness and chronic beliefs about danger on activation of stereotypes about Blacks. Chronic beliefs were measured by a Belief in a Dangerous World (BDW) questionnaire. In Study, 1, participants in either a dimly lit or dark room saw photos of Black men and rated the extent to which specific traits described the cultural stereotype of Blacks. In Study 2, participants in either a well-lit or dark room completed reaction-time tasks assessing implicit associations between Blacks and evaluative attributes. Separate measures assessed stereotypes connoting danger versus those that are merely derogatory. Results revealed BDW × Darkness interactions on activation of danger-relevant stereotypes: BDW positively predicted activation in dark but not in light conditions. It appears that chronic beliefs about danger can facilitate activation of functionally relevant stereotypes, but this effect occurs primarily under circumstances (such as darkness) that heuristically suggest vulnerability to harm. Conceptual implications are discussed.
Volitional Control of Reflex Cough

Cough is divided into subtypes based on genesis of the behavior, specifically whether elicited reflexively or voluntarily. The goal of this project was to determine if healthy adults could volitionally modify the reflexive cough. Healthy adult participants were seated and outfitted with a facemask and pneumotacograph, and two surface EMG electrodes positioned over expiratory muscles. Capsaicin (200μM) was delivered via dosimeter attached to the facemask. Cough airflow and sEMG activity were recorded across tasks including 1. Baseline 2. Small cough, 3. Long cough, 4. Not cough (alternative behavior). All participants coughed in response to capsaicin, and were able to modify their coughing behavior. Variables exhibiting the most profound changes include those related to the peak airflow during the cough expiratory phase. Participants were unable to completely substitute other airway defensive behaviors for cough, and typically exhibited a combination of several airway defense behaviors. Results demonstrate that while it is not possible to suppress cough at reflex threshold levels of capsaicin, it is possible to volitionally modify cough motor output characteristics. This indicates that ‘reflex’ coughing is actually part of a continuum of airway defense behaviours whose motor expression reflects the interaction of brainstem and the cortex.
Discrete Differential Evolution for Text Summarization

The paper proposes a modified version of Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm and optimization criterion function for extractive text summarization applications. Cosine Similarity measure has been used to cluster similar sentences based on a proposed criterion function designed for the text summarization problem, and important sentences from each cluster are selected to generate a summary of the document. The modified Differential Evolution model ensures integer state values and hence expedites the optimization as compared to conventional DE approach. Experiments showed a 95.5% improvement in time in the Discrete DE approach over the conventional DE approach, while the precision and recall of extracted summaries remained comparable in all cases.
With Pro, Katha Pollitt Gives the Abortion Rights Movement Its Modern Credo

I n 2014, abortion had a moment. Not the procedure itself—those continued to decrease in number, hitting the lowest point since the Roe v. Wade legalized abortions nationwide in 1973. It was the word itself, “abortion”—not “choice,” not “reproductive freedom,” not “women’s rights”—that was said out loud, written down, pushed to the forefront of the cultural conversation by women prominent, private, and political alike. As notable as what they were saying was what they weren’t—specifically, that “abortion should be safe, legal, and rare. ” Instead, women said, “I had an abortion. ” They often added, “And I don’t regret it. ” There was Lucy Flores, whose abortion story first made headlines when she told it as a member of the Nevada legislature and again when she ran for lieutenant governor last year. Flores had an abortion at sixteen, she said, and “I don’t regret it. ” There was Wendy Davis, who gained political prominence for filibustering a restrictive Texas abortion law while wearing pink running shoes; during her campaign for governor of Texas, she wrote a memoir that included a story about the wanted pregnancy she terminated because of severe fetal complications. There was Elle magazine, a high-end women’s glossy, which ran an abortion issue featuring stories from Elle editor Laurie Abraham, Planned Parenthood president Cecile Richards, and anonymous, not-famous average women, all of whom ended pregnancies. The year 2014 even gave usObvious Child, a romantic comedy about abortion, where the decision is decidedly untragic and simply a part of life. There were also more antiabortion restrictions passed between 2010 and 2014 than in the full three decades before. The Texas law that Davis filibustered passed anyway and could leave the state with fewer than ten abortion clinics; women in rural Texas may have to drive hundreds of miles for a legal procedure. The last remaining abortion clinic in Mississippi remains open only because of a court order. It’s within that context—increasingly successful attacks on abortion rights, increasingly loud pro-choice voices owning the abortion issue and pushing back on the stigma that surrounds the procedure—that Katha Pollitt’s Pro emerges as a kind of philosophical bedrock for the abortion storytellers. The book isn’t a defense of abortion rights or a rehashing of
Hippocampal place cells: Parallel input streams, subregional processing, and implications for episodic memory

The hippocampus is thought to be involved in episodic memory in humans. Place cells of the rat hippocampus offer a potentially important model system to understand episodic memory. However, the difficulties in determining whether rats have episodic memory are profound. Progress can be made by considering the hippocampus as a computational device that presumably performs similar transformations on its inputs in both rats and in humans. Understanding the input/output transformations of rat place cells can thus inform research on the computational basis of human episodic memory. Two examples of different transformations in the CA3 and CA1 regions are presented. In one example, CA3 place fields are shown to maintain a greater degree of population coherence than CA1 place fields after a rearrangement of the salient landmarks in an environment, in agreement with computational models of CA3 as an autoassociative network. In the second example, CA3 place field appears to store information about the spatiotemporal sequences of place fields, starting with the first exposure to a cue‐altered environment, whereas CA1 place fields store this information only on a temporary basis. Finally, recordings of hippocampal afferents from the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex (EC) suggest that these two regions convey fundamentally different representations to the hippocampus, with spatial information conveyed by the medial EC and nonspatial information conveyed by the lateral EC. The dentate gyrus and CA3 regions may create configural object + place (or item + context) representations that provide the spatiotemporal context of an episodic memory. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectroscopy of excited b and c states

Recent results on the spectroscopy of excited band cstates are presented. In particular, theseinclude therstobservationofthe D1(lightquarkspin j=1 =2)resonance,searchesforradially excitedD 0 andobservationsoforbitallyexcitedB J states. Thecurrentexperimentalstatusonexcited charmed baryons is also briefly reviewed. The spectroscopy of hadrons containing a b or a c quark is greatly simplied by the fact that heavy-quark masses are much greater than the energy scale QCDof strong interactions. In the limit of innite heavy-quark mass, heavy- light hadron physics can be described by an ef- fective theory (HQET), which is invariant un- der changesoftheflavourandspinofthe heavy- quark (1, 2, 3). The consequences of this heavy- quark symmetry (HQS) for spectroscopy have been worked out in (4). The spin of the heavy quark and the total angular momentum jof the lightdegreesoffreedomareseparatelyconserved.
Molecular mechanisms of axon growth and guidance.

PROTEINS THAT PROMOTE NEURITE OUTGROWTH 119 Soh~ble Neurotrophic Agents 122 ECM Proteins 123 CAMs 124 Perspectives 126 RECEPTORS F THE GROWTH PROMOTERS 127 Neurotrophic Re eptors 127 ECM Receptors 128 CAM Receptom 128 Perspecth~es 129
From preconditioning to postconditioning: novel interventions in the armory of salvage of the ischemic heart.

T otal coronary occlusion without prior development of collateral circulation results in a wavefront of myocardial necrosis, which moves from subendocardium to subepicardium. The early restoration of flow by pharmacological or mechanical means may interrupt the development of necrosis, saving the jeopardized myocardium. Twenty years ago, experimental studies revealed an endogenous defense mechanism, called ischemic preconditioning. Preconditioning is activated by brief ischemic insults separated by short reperfusion intervals applied prior to long ischemia. In a great number of experimental studies, ischemic preconditioning limited the infarct size in every species, independently of the existence of collaterals. Despite the fact that preconditioning is difficult to apply in clinical practice, because of the undefined conditions for proper activation and the unknown time interval between short and long ischemic periods, there is ample evidence that preconditioning exists in humans and may reduce the infarct size. Preconditioning has also been shown to reduce the incidence of lethal arrhythmias, chest pain, ST elevation, and to confer better post ischemic recovery of the left ventricle. Recent experimental studies in dogs revealed a novel protective mechanism of the heart, which has been termed postconditioning. This mechanism is activated by From Preconditioning to Postconditioning: Novel Interventions in the Armory of Salvage of the Ischemic Heart
Unity in Multiplicity: Towards Working Enterprise Systems

This thesis investigates collaborative work practices in a large oil and gas company (OGC), with special attention being given to recent integration and standardisation efforts to the collaborative infrastructure for improving knowledge sharing practices across disciplinary and geographical boundaries. Through a longitudinal case study, the thesis investigates how these efforts unfold in different organisational contexts. This dissertation is inspired by social studies of Information Systems (IS) and more recent debates on the mediating role of integrated systems. Drawing on the interdisciplinary field of science studies, the thesis investigates how working integrated systems are established in practice. Through the use of vivid empirical examples, previous research has illustrated how various systems do not account for locally unique practices, resulting in them having to be worked-around. In this research, we make a distinction between stand-alone and integrated information systems since local enactments have different dynamics. In particular, we argue that as opposed to largely local, independent contexts of enacted technology, the use of integrated systems implies the interdependent enactment across contexts now linked as a result of the integration. For that reason, we aim to contribute to a higher visibility of cross-contextual effects regarding the use of integrated information systems. The thesis is not restricted to investigations of a single integrated system, but instead aims to understand work practices which span multiple contexts and are supported by multiple enterprise systems. The primary aim is to investigate the core work practices related to oil and gas production. In contrast to social studies of IS which tend to emphasise that work is a predominantly local affair, our aim is to empirically illustrate and analytically discuss cross-contextual (i.e. non-local) aspects of work. We exemplify the array of strategies needed to sort out local differences and establish cross-contextual work practices, thereby leading us to emphasise the temporal and performative aspects of integration. As a whole, this thesis investigates socio-technical work practices within a large-scale heterogeneous organisation and aims to contribute to the literature on the social construction of information systems and provide practical implications for managing integrated information systems.
Automatic Learning of Arabic Text Categorization

There are several applications that require automatic text classification or categorization. Several approaches and algorithms are proposed to predict a document category based on predefined ones. Examples of such algorithms include: N-gram, Manhattan, Dice and Euclidean similarity measures. This paper includes an extensive evaluation for N-gram possible N-options (i.e. 3, 4 and 5 characters selection). Comparison is also made based on evaluating the effect of preprocessing and dataset training on the quality and accuracy of prediction. Results showed that for Arabic text categorization, it is best to use 3-letters Ngram then 5-letters N-gram and finally 4-letters N-gram. Preprocessing of stop words removal did not show a significant improvement on the precision of classes’ prediction. Further, using a larger training dataset showed a significant improvement of prediction accuracy. In terms of similarity measures, Euclidean is shown to be the best of those evaluated for document classification then Dice and finally Manhattan.
An Efficient Mobile Authentication Scheme for Wireless Networks

This paper proposes an efficient authentication scheme, which is suitable for low-power mobile devices. It uses an elliptic-curve-eryptosystem based trust delegation mechanism to generate a delegation passcode for mobile station authentication, and it can effectively defend all known attacks to mobile networks including the denial-of-service attack. Moreover, the mobile station only needs to receive one message and send one message to authenticate itself to a visitor's location register, and the scheme only requires a single elliptic-curve scalar point multiplication on a mobile device. Therefore, this scheme enjoys both computation efficiency and communication efficiency as compared to known mobile authentication schemes.
Transfer Learning for Multiple-Domain Sentiment Analysis - Identifying Domain Dependent/Independent Word Polarity

Sentiment analysis is the task of determining the attitude (positive or negative) of documents. While the polarity of words in the documents is informative for this task, polarity of some words cannot be determined without domain knowledge. Detecting word polarity thus poses a challenge for multiple-domain sentiment analysis. Previous approaches tackle this problem with transfer learning techniques, but they cannot handle multiple source domains and multiple target domains. This paper proposes a novel Bayesian probabilistic model to handle multiple source and multiple target domains. In this model, each word is associated with three factors: Domain label, domain dependence/independence and word polarity. We derive an efficient algorithm using Gibbs sampling for inferring the parameters of the model, from both labeled and unlabeled texts. Using real data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in a document polarity classification task compared with a method not considering the differences between domains. Moreover our method can also tell whether each word's polarity is domain-dependent or domain-independent. This feature allows us to construct a word polarity dictionary for each domain.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Superinfection Enhances the Severity of Mouse Bladder Infection

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) afflict over 9 million women in America every year, often necessitating long-term prophylactic antibiotics. One risk factor for UTI is frequent sexual intercourse, which dramatically increases the risk of UTI. The mechanism behind this increased risk is unknown; however, bacteriuria increases immediately after sexual intercourse episodes, suggesting that physical manipulation introduces periurethral flora into the urinary tract. In this paper, we investigated whether superinfection (repeat introduction of bacteria) resulted in increased risk of severe UTI, manifesting as persistent bacteriuria, high titer bladder bacterial burdens and chronic inflammation, an outcome referred to as chronic cystitis. Chronic cystitis represents unchecked luminal bacterial replication and is defined histologically by urothelial hyperplasia and submucosal lymphoid aggregates, a histological pattern similar to that seen in humans suffering chronic UTI. C57BL/6J mice are resistant to chronic cystitis after a single infection; however, they developed persistent bacteriuria and chronic cystitis when superinfected 24 hours apart. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), keratinocyte cytokine (KC/CXCL1), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the serum of C57BL/6J mice prior to the second infection predicted the development of chronic cystitis. These same cytokines have been found to precede chronic cystitis in singly infected C3H/HeN mice. Furthermore, inoculating C3H/HeN mice twice within a six-hour period doubled the proportion of mice that developed chronic cystitis. Intracellular bacterial replication, regulated hemolysin (HlyA) expression, and caspase 1/11 activation were essential for this increase. Microarrays conducted at four weeks post inoculation in both mouse strains revealed upregulation of IL-1 and antimicrobial peptides during chronic cystitis. These data suggest a mechanism by which caspase-1/11 activation and IL-1 secretion could predispose certain women to recurrent UTI after frequent intercourse, a predisposition predictable by several serum biomarkers in two murine models.
Study on sexual knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of adolescents

【Objective】 To learn the actual information on sexual knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of adolescents in order to provide evidence for farther study and intervention. 【Method】 With a knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP) questionnaire,2 987 junior middle-school students from 3 middle schools in Wuhan were investigated from June to September in 2005. 【Results】 In general,most of the young subjects had a certain level of puberty knowledge,but lacked systematic understanding and clear conceptions of human reproduction system and function.Boys'knowledge was better than that of girls.Students in grade 1 had lower knowledge level than students in grade 2 and 3.Boys hold an opener attitude than that of girls toward teenage love and sex.14. 0% of subjects had a love affair and with the increasing grade the incidence of teenage love increased gradually.1. 3% of subjects had sexual intercourse and the incidence of intercourse in boys(1.7%) was higher than that in girls(0.9%). The majority of subjects thought sex education among adolescents was necessary and school sex education appeared only partially to fill the expressed need. 【Conclusions】 A better understanding of current sexual knowledge,attitudes and behaviors among adolescents is important to design effective intervention program welcomed by teenagers.Sexual education for adolescents is such an increasingly urgent task that the whole society should put emphases on it.
Maintaining Security and Safety in High-Threat E-Operations Transitions

Migrating to new modes of operation are perilous times for most organizations. For firms that routinely work in high-threat, high-reward situations, the risks of innovation are particularly challenging. This paper develops a systems-based approach to understanding these risks. We draw examples from one firm migrating to e-operations for offshore oil platforms to increase profitability. The firm recently participated in a facilitated group model building exercise to examine the effects of the migration on the organization, and found several interesting and unanticipated barriers and hazards to the transition. The results of the workshop demonstrate the use of qualitative modeling approaches to complex problems, as well as a method to reduce concern about data confidentiality in security-conscious environments. ¹
Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in the Early Period after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Thirty-seven patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were tested in a gait analysis laboratory at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. Between test sessions, patients were randomly assigned to a course of either closed or open kinetic chain resistance exercises (3 sessions per week for 4 weeks). Gait analysis consisted of bilateral calculations of knee joint angle, moment, and power during level walking, stair ascent, and stair descent. An analysis of variance on the effects of training group and test session indicated that the only variable to be significantly affected by the type of exercise program was the amount of knee flexion at the beginning of step-up (P<0.05). All other measures of knee angle, moment, and power (16 total variables) showed no significant difference between the exercise groups. All variables measured on the injured side showed significant improvement from test 1 to test 2 (P<0.05), but the injured leg remained functionally deficient when compared with the uninjured leg. These data suggest that there are no clinically significant differences in the functional improvement resulting from the choice of open or closed kinetic chain exercises in the early period after this surgery.
Improvement of Detection Performance Using Cooperative Diversity in Multiple-User Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio has been proposed recently as the means to improve spectrum utilization, where the cognitive users (also referred to as secondary users) are permitted to share spectrum resource with the primary user. In this paper, we investigate the spectrum sensing by using cooperative diversity in multiple-user cognitive radio networks. A novel cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on the best relay selection is proposed to improve the detection performance. We develop the closed-form expressions of detection probability for traditional non-cooperative scheme and the proposed cooperative scheme over Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results show that our scheme outperforms the traditional non-cooperative scheme in terms of detection probability. Furthermore, the improvement of detection performance increases with the growth of the number of potential users in cognitive radio networks.