Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Completeness for parallel access to NP and counting class separations

Diese Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit Problemen, die vollstandig fur die Komplexitatsklasse P^NP_{||} sind, sowie mit der Separation von Zahlklassen. P^NP_{||} ist die Klasse der Probleme, die sich effizient mit parallelem Zugriff auf NP losen lassen. Ausgangspunkt unserer Untersuchungen ist eine Charakterisierung der Klasse P^NP_{||} durch nichtdeterministische Turingmaschinen mit einem speziellen Akzeptierungsmechanismus. Das Akzeptierungsverhalten solcher Turingmaschinen last sich durch boolesche Formeln beschreiben. Wir erhalten auf diese Weise P^NP_{||}-vollstandige Erfullbarkeitsprobleme, in Analogie zu dem klassischen NP-vollstandigen Erfullbarkeitsproblem 3SAT. Wie in der Theorie der NP-Vollstandigkeit eignen sich diese Probleme als Startpunkte fur Reduktionen auf weitere Probleme. Wir gelangen z.B. zu einem alternativen Beweis fur das Resultat von Wagner, das das Problem Minimum Vertex Cover Compare P^NP_{||}-vollstandig ist. Dieses Entscheidungsproblem nutzen wir in der Arbeit fur den Nachweis der P^NP_{||}-Vollstandigkeit von weiteren Problemen. Wir untersuchen die Komplexitat von mit Wahlsystemen assoziierten Problemen. Wahlsysteme sind Vorschriften, nach denen aus einer Kandidatenmenge die Gewinner einer Abstimmung bestimmt werden konnen. Wir beweisen, das die Gewinner-Probleme fur die Wahlsysteme von Kemeny und Young beide vollstandig fur die Klasse P^NP_{||} sind. Weiterhin betrachten wir zwei prominente Heuristiken fur die Approximation des NP-vollstandigen Problems der minimalen Knotenuberdeckung. Wir weisen nach, das gewisse Entscheidungsprobleme, die mit der Qualitat der Approximation durch diese Heuristiken in Zusammenhang stehen, vollstandig fur P^NP_{||} sind. Im letzten Teil der Dissertation beantworten wir Fragen, die in der einflusreichen Arbeit von Fenner, Fortnow und Kurtz im Jahre 1994 aufgeworfen wurden: Wir zeigen, das die Zahlklassen LWPP und WPP nicht uniform gap-definierbar sind. Desweiteren konstruieren wir ein Orakel, relativ zu dem WPP nicht abgeschlossen unter polynomialzeitbeschrankter Turing-Reduzierbarkeit ist. Dies hat zur Folge, das ein Beweis fur die Gleichheit der ahnlich definierten Klassen LWPP und WPP nichtrelativierbar sein mus. Wir erhalten diese Resultate durch Anwendung einer bekannten Technik, bei der Orakel-Turingmaschinen in multilineare Polynome mit kleinem Grad kodiert werden. Wir beweisen dazu eine neue kombinatorische Eigenschaft solcher Polynome.
Diastolic heart sounds as an adjunctive diagnostic tool with ST criteria for acute myocardial ischemia

Aims/Methods: To investigate whether diastolic third or fourth heart sounds (S3 or S4) detect myocardial ischemia independently or in combination with the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), a prospective comparison study was conducted in a group with ischemia induced by percutaneous coronary intervention (n=19) and a non-ischemia group (n=18) without coronary artery disease or ischemic ECG evidence. Diastolic heart sounds were detected by computerized acoustic cardiography. Results: Of 37 patients, the mean age was 59.4±11.8 years. An S4 was more sensitive (74%) in detecting ischemia than an S3 (47%) or standard ST-T criteria (53%). All subjects with standard ST-T wave criteria for PCI-induced ischemia had an S3 or S4. All subjects without an S3 or S4 did not have ST-T wave criteria for ischemia. Using logistic regression, both an S3 and S4 were shown to detect ischemia (P<0.05), independent of ST-T criteria. The detection of ischemia was improved by 32% when the presence of an S3 or S4 was added to ST-T wave criteria. The absence of an S3 and S4 was helpful to rule out myocardial ischemia. Conclusion: The use of computerized acoustic cardiography to detect an S3 or S4 may augment the ECG detection of ischemia.
Specificity of Auto-antibodies in Acquired Haemolytic Anaemia

Until recently it has been assumed that the autoantibodies found in acquired haemolytic anaemia are non-specific; that is to say they react with all types of human red cells and are unrelated to any known blood group antibodies. However, Weiner, Battey, Cleghorn, Marson, and Meynell (1953) have described a patient in whom the auto-antibody had the specificity anti-e, the patient's red cells having the genotype CDe/CDe: the same phenomenon had previously been suspected in a patient investigated by Dr. Ruth Sanger (personal communication). In the course of investigating a severe case of acquired haemolytic anaemia (Case 1), we noted that the patient's serum strongly agglutinated red cells of the genotypes CDe/CDe and cde/cde but not those of cDE /cDE. Further investigation showed that the patient's serum contained anti-C and anti-e, despite the fact that the patient's genotype was CDe/cde. This observation led to the re-investigation of nine other cases of acquired haemolytic anaemia whose warm auto-antibodies had been considered to be non-specific; the findings are described briefly in the present report.
Effect of Sludge Loading on the Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification by Using a Sequencing Batch Bioreactor

In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to treat synthetic wastewater when dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and temperature were 0.5-1.0mg/L and 30±1°C, respectively. Effect of sludge loading(Ns) on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was investigated. The results indicated that removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), COD and total nitrogen (TN) were all higher than 90%, respectively, when influent NH4+-N and Ns were 35-45mg/L, 0.15kgCOD/(kgMLSS•d) under 7 hours of aeration time and 1 hour of idle time, respectively. Therefore, the SBR has obviously achieved simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.
A tactile web browser for the visually disabled

The dissemination of information available through the World Wide Web makes universal access more and more important and supports visually disabled people in their everyday life. In this paper we present a new approach for visually disabled people to browse and interact with web pages. Up to now graphical information is mostly ignored in transformations for visually disabled people. We propose a web browser, which uses a transformation schema to render web pages on a tactile graphics display. Bitmap images and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) can be explored in a special mode, in which filters can be applied and zooming is possible. Mathematical expressions encoded in the Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) are transformed into LaTeX or into a notation for visually disabled people. The web browser supports voice output to read text paragraphs and to provide feedback on interactions to the users.
Synchronization of micromechanical oscillators using light

Synchronization on the nanoscale has a wide range of applications ranging from timing, navigation, signal processing, microwave communication and novel computing and memory concepts. Existing coupled micromechanical oscillators suffer from limited range, neighborhood restriction and non-configurable coupling which limit the control, physical size and possible topologies of complex oscillator networks [1]. Here, we demonstrate the synchronization of two micromechanical oscillators, which are actuated and coupled by optical radiation field. We show that the coupling between the two oscillators can be tuned continuously from uncoupled to maximally coupled. These results pave a path towards massive and long-range synchronized oscillator networks.
Evaluation of Tebufenozide Carry-Over and Residual Effects on Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract Laboratory and field studies investigated carry-over effects of tebufenozide on spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). In the laboratory, third and fourth instars were fed either sublethal doses of tebufenozide (10 ppm) or water on Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. needles, reared to adulthood and allowed to oviposit on laying surfaces 1 or 14 d after being sprayed with water or tebufenozide concentrations of 17.5, 35.0, and 70.0 g/liter. Percentage adult emergence and sex ratio were not affected by larval ingestion of the tebufenozide. Also, the mean number of eggs laid on untreated wax paper by moths reared from tebufenozide-treated larvae was similar to the controls. Hence, tebufenozide did not inhibit carry-over effects on treated larvae. Oviposition on tebufenozide-treated wax paper by moths reared from untreated larvae was affected by both the substrate concentration and the age of the treatment residue. When offered treated and untreated laying surfaces simultaneously, C. fumiferana did not show a preference. However, significantly fewer eggs were laid on both laying surfaces by fewer females than when tebufenozide was absent. Residual tebufenozide on wax paper did not affect egg hatch but topical applications were toxic to eggs. Field studies appear to corroborate laboratory results and suggest that although the ingestion of tebufenozide by larval spruce budworm might not impair adult reproduction, the insecticide’s presence in the environment could inhibit oviposition. This inhibition was considered to be a primary factor in tebufenozide’s multi-year effects against spruce budworm populations.
Previous experience influences pacing during 20 km time trial cycling

Objective To investigate how experience and feedback influence pacing and performance during time trial cycling. Design Twenty-nine cyclists performed three 20 km cycling time trials using a Computrainer. The first two time trials (TT1 and TT2) were performed (1) without any performance feedback (n = 10), (2) with accurate performance feedback (n = 10) or (3) with false feedback showing the speed to be 5% greater than the actual speed (n = 9). All participants received full feedback during the third time trial (TT3), and their performance and pacing data were compared against TT2. Results Completion time, average power and average speed did not change among the false feedback group, but their pacing strategy did change as indicated by a lower average cadence, 89.2 (SD 5.2) vs 96.4 (6.8) rpm, p<0.05, and higher power during the first 5 km (SMD = 39, 36, 36, 27 and 27 W for 1–5 km respectively). Pacing changed among the blind feedback group indicated by a faster completion time, 35.9 (3.1) vs 36.8 (4.4) min, p<0.05, and power increases during the final 5 km (SMD = 14, 13, 18, 23 and 53 W for 16–20 km respectively). No performance or pacing changes were observed among the accurate feedback group. Conclusions Pacing is influenced by an interaction between feedback and previous experience. Conscious cognitive processes that lead to ratings of perceived exertion and pacing appear to be influenced by previous experience.
Identifying government chief information officer education and training needs: the case of Saudi Arabia

This paper identifies education and training needs of Government Chief Information Officers (GCIO) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It aims to provide foundation that would assist the KSA national e-Government program (YESSER) in identifying and prioritizing initiatives oriented towards building the capacity of GCIOs. Based on the results of a survey conducted among GCIOs and highest IT officials of 30 government agencies and the results of four semi-structured interviews, the paper identifies the knowledge areas and skills that should be developed by GCIO educational programs, the stages of public sector ICT in which GCIOs are most involved, the preferred delivery modes for the training, the preferred institutions for hosting GCIOs education and training programs, and the prerequisites for those who should participate in GCIO educational programs. In addition to the policy recommendations for the KSA Government, the main contribution of the paper is the validation of a methodology that can be applied by any government for designing capacity-building programs for their IT leaders.
3 D Scene Management for Driving Simulation

The virtual driving simulator environment consists of static universe, dynamic objects and interior of driver’s vehicle. The static universe can be building, trees, road and others. The dynamics objects can include any moving objects in virtual scene like cars, people, and crowd. With more complex virtual scene will contain many thousands of polygons which need more graphic processing power and more computation cost to render the scene. This paper describes on implementation of 3D scene management in virtual environment of driving simulation. Main 3D scene management will be covered such as visibility culling and level of detail. Alternatives to the main 3D scene management are also discussed: high order primitive, sample-based representation and image-based. Implementation of 3D scene graphic management techniques help to reduce computational burden in complex driving simulator environment.
An FPGA-Based Design of Efficient QKD Sifting Module

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technique has drawn many attentions because it can generate and distribute cryptographic keys with provable information theoretic security. To achieve a high secure key rate, it is a developing trend to adopt the FPGA-based scheme. Sifting is an important processing module of QKD post processing system (QKDPPS) and its communication traffic and input data rate are much larger than other modules of QKDPPS. In this paper, a FPGA-based design of efficient QKD sifting module is presented. To reduce the interaction data amount and thus increase the secure key rate, a high compression ratio round-length based compression encoder and decoder are designed in the sifting modules of two parties. To accelerate the processing speed and thus increase the secure key rate, parallelized processing scheme is designed. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the sifting module.
Automated, contract-based user testing of commercial-off-the-shelf components

Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) components provide a means to construct software (component-based) systems in reduced time and cost. In a COTS component software market there exist component vendors (original developers of the component) and component users (developers of the component-based systems). The former provide the component to the user without source code or design documentation, and as a result it is difficult for the latter to adequately test the component when deployed in their system. In this article we propose a framework that clarifies the roles and responsibilities of both parties so that the user can adequately test the component in a deployment environment and the vendor does not need to release proprietary details. Then, based on this framework we combine and adapt two specification-based testing techniques and describe (and implement) a method for the automated generation of adequate test sets. An evaluation of our approach on a case study demonstrates that it is possible to automatically generate cost effective test sequences and that these test sequences are effective at detecting complex errors.
Pullout Strength of Epoxy Anchors Installed Underwater

This work presents the development of a test program and the results from the final round of testing to better understand the effect a submerged anchor installation has on the pullout strength of epoxy anchors. Two different epoxies were tested at embedment depths of two, four, and six bar diameters. These tests utilized three distinct installation procedures under dry and submerged conditions. The testing program occurred over five phases, with the final round used in analysis consisting of 24 anchor pullout tests. These tests showed that the presence of water did not have an effect on the epoxy bond when anchor holes were cleaned dry and installed underwater, but it did have a significant impact on the ability to consistently clean each anchor when it was submerged.
Did natural selection make the Dutch taller? A cautionary note on the importance of quantification in understanding evolution

One of the main achievements of the modern synthesis is a rigorous mathematical theory for evolution by natural selection. Combining this theory with statistical models makes it possible to estimate the relevant parameters so as to quantify selection and evolution in nature. Although quantification is a sign of a mature science, statistical models are unfortunately often interpreted independently of the motivating mathematical theory. Without a link to theory, numerical results do not represent proper quantifications, because they lack the connections that designate their biological meaning. Here, we want to raise awareness and exemplify this problem by examining a recent study on natural selection in a contemporary human population. Stulp et al. (2015) concluded that natural selection may partly explain the increasing stature of the Dutch population. This conclusion was based on a qualitative assessment of the presence of selection on height. Here, we provide a quantitative interpretation of these results using standard evolutionary theory to show that natural selection has had a minuscule effect.
Business-driven IT Management for Cloud computing providers

Nowadays, enterprises have high expectations on Cloud systems to achieve their Business-Level Objectives (BLOs). However, those systems are becoming very complex, thus leading to critical management issues. For these reasons, new self-management strategies of virtualized entities driven by business interests have to be explored. In this paper, we present a business-driven self-management optimization loop, which can firmly contribute to fulfill business strategies of Cloud providers. In this sense, a Business-Driven IT Management (BDIM) model is aimed to assess the impact of IT-related events on business-level metrics. Thereupon those high-level impacts are consumed by a policy management frame-work able to autonomously determine the most suitable IT-level management actions in terms of provider's BLOs compliance. Furthermore, we show the benefits achieved by a Platform as a Service (PaaS) provider when adopting such business-driven management. The results obtained through experimen-tation demonstrate that it is able to maximize, individually and simultaneously, two high-level objectives, in this case economical profit and ecological efficiency.
Analytic Phase Derivatives, All-Pass Filters and Signals of Minimum Phase

It is accepted knowledge that inner functions and outer functions in complex analysis correspond, respectively, to all-pass filters and signals of minimum phase. The knowledge, however, has not been justified for general inner and outer functions. In digital signal processing the correspondence and related results are based on studies of rational functions. In this paper, based on the recent result on positivity of phase derivatives of inner functions, we establish the theoretical foundation for all-pass filters and signals of minimum phase. We, in particular, deal with infinite Blaschke products and general singular inner functions induced by singular measures. A number of results known for rational functions are generalized to general inner functions. Both the discrete and continuous signals cases are rigorously treated.
A Probabilistic Approach for Change Impact Prediction in Object-Oriented Systems

Several non probabilistic approaches were proposed in the literature to analyze and predict change impact in Object-Oriented (OO) systems. Different aspects were considered in these studies and several experiments were conducted to check some hypotheses. However, causality relation between software internal attributes and change impact still misses convincing explanations. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic approach using Bayesian networks to answer to this problematic of change impact analysis and prediction in OO systems. The built probabilistic model is tested on data extracted from a real system. The running of different scenarios on the network, globally confirm results already found in previous studies.
Plumbagin Modulates Leukemia Cell Redox Status

Plumbagin is a plant naphtoquinone exerting anti-cancer properties including apoptotic cell death induction and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to elucidate parameters explaining the differential leukemia cell sensitivity towards this compound. Among several leukemia cell lines, U937 monocytic leukemia cells appeared more sensitive to plumbagin treatment in terms of cytotoxicity and level of apoptotic cell death compared to more resistant Raji Burkitt lymphoma cells. Moreover, U937 cells exhibited a ten-fold higher ROS production compared to Raji. Neither differential incorporation, nor efflux of plumbagin was detected. Pre-treatment with thiol-containing antioxidants prevented ROS production and subsequent induction of cell death by apoptosis whereas non-thiol-containing antioxidants remained ineffective in both cellular models. We conclude that the anticancer potential of plumbagin is driven by pro-oxidant activities related to the cellular thiolstat.
Real-time collision detection for virtual surgery

We present a simple method for performing real-time collision detection in a virtual surgery environment. The method relies on the graphics hardware for testing the interpenetration between a virtual deformable organ and a rigid tool controlled by the user. The method enables to take into account the motion of the tool between two consecutive time steps. For our specific application, the new method runs about a hundred times faster than the well known oriented-bonding-boxes tree method.
Can antiglycolipid antibodies present in HIV‐infected individuals induce immune demyelination?

Of the eight clinically defined neuropathies associated with HIV infection, there is compelling evidence that acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (IDPN) have an autoimmune pathogenesis. Many non‐HIV infected individuals who suffer from sensorymotor nerve dysfunction have autoimmune indicators. The immunopathogenesis of demyelination must involve neuritogenic components in myelin. The various antigens suspected to play a role in HIV‐seronegative IDPN include (i) P2 protein; (ii) sulfatide (GalS); (iii) various gangliosides (especially GM1); (iv) galactocerebroside (GalC); and (v) glycoproteins or glycolipids with the carbohydrate epitope glucuronyl‐3‐sulfate. These glycoproteins or glycolipids may be individually targeted, or an immune attack may be raised against a combination of any of these epitopes. The glycolipids, however, especially GalS, have recently evoked much interest as mediators of immune events underlying both non‐HIV and HIV‐associated demyelinating neuropathies. The present review outlines the recent research findings of antiglycolipid antibodies present in HIV‐infected patients with and without peripheral nerve dysfunction, in an attempt to arrive at some consensus as to whether these antibodies may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV‐associated inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
On a Non-Context-Free Extension of PDL

Over the last 25 years, a lot of work has been done on seeking for decidable non-regular extensions of Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL). Only recently, an expressive extension of PDL, allowing visibly pushdown automata (VPAs) as a formalism to describe programs, was introduced and proven to have a satisfiability problem complete for deterministic double exponential time. Lately, the VPA formalism was extended to so called k-phase multi-stack visibly pushdown automata (k-MVPAs). Similarly to VPAs, it has been shown that the language of k-MVPAs have desirable effective closure properties and that the emptiness problem is decidable. On the occasion of introducing k-MVPAs, it has been asked whether the extension of PDL with k-MVPAs still leads to a decidable logic. This question is answered negatively here. We prove that already for the extension of PDL with 2-phase MVPAs with two stacks satisfiability becomes \Sigma_1^1-complete.