Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure statistics in self-similar freely decaying isotropic turbulence

Abstract The time evolution of pressure statistics in freely decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) is investigated via eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) computations. The present results show that the time decay rate of pressure-based statistical quantities, such as pressure variance and pressure gradient variance, are sensitive to the breakdown of permanence of large eddies. New formulae for the associated time-decay exponents are proposed, which extend previous relations proposed in Lesieur, Ossia & Metais (Phys. Fluids, vol. 11, 1999, p. 1535). Particular attention is paid to finite-Reynolds-number (FRN) effects on the pressure spectrum and pressure statistics. The results also suggest that $R{e}_{\lambda } = O(1{0}^{4} )$ must be considered to observe a one-decade inertial range in the pressure spectrum with Kolmogorov $- 7/ 3$ scaling. This threshold value is larger than almost all existing direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental data, justifying the discussion about other possible scaling laws. The $- 5/ 3$ slope reported in some DNS data is also recovered by the EDQNM model, but it is observed to be a low-Reynolds-number effect. Another important result is that FRN effects yield a departure from asymptotic theoretical behaviours which appear similar to some effects attributed to intermittency by most authors. This is exemplified by the ratio between pressure-based and velocity-based Taylor microscales. Therefore, high-Reynolds-number DNS or experiments such that $R{e}_{\lambda } = O(1{0}^{4} )$ would be required in order to remove FRN effects and to analyse pure intermittency effects.
Guided Sampling for Multistructure Data via Neighborhood Consensus and Residual Sorting

Robust model fitting is a critical technique for artificial intelligence. The performance of most robust model fitting techniques heavily depends on the use of sampling algorithms. In this paper, we propose an efficient guided sampling algorithm for multi-structure data by using the neighborhood consensus and the residual sorting. Specifically, a Neighborhood Consensus based Strategy (NCS) is first proposed to select the first datum (i.e., seed datum) of a minimal subset, and then a Residual Sorting based Strategy (RSS) samples the rest data of the minimal subset based on the seed datum. This strategy effectively combines the benefits of neighborhood consensus and residual sorting, where neighborhood consensus can judge whether a selected data point is an inlier, and residual sorting encourages this strategy to select data points from the same structure of the first selected data point. Moreover, to achieve better fitting performance, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo process is used to combine NCS with the random selection strategy to select the seed datum, and an appropriate size is set to the initial block of randomly sampled hypotheses for RSS. Experimental results on three vision tasks (e.g., two-view motion segmentation and 3D motion segmentation) demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance to several state-of-the-art sampling algorithms.
A Compact Low-Profile Differential Dual-Polarized Filtenna Without an External Filter Circuit for Vehicular Communications

A compact low-profile differential dual-polarized filtenna without an external filter circuit for vehicular communications is proposed in this paper. It has a compact, low-profile, simple, and symmetrical structure, which consists of four identical quarter circular patches with a pair of crossed feeding lines symmetrically and orthogonally embedded. Good filtering performance with three radiation nulls (RNs) generated without extra filtering structure is achieved, and the production mechanisms of three RNs are studied numerically. To get a deep insight into its working mechanism, the proposed structure is analyzed, and the equivalent lumped circuit is modeled and simulated. The prototype antenna with low profile of 2.832 mm and average gain of about 9.1 dBi within the frequency band of 5.28–6.11 GHz is fabricated and measured. Moreover, the measured polarization isolation is more than 44 dB within the operating band and the measured cross-polarization level is less than −29 dB. Good agreement between simulated and measured results can be acquired. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for in-vehicle local area networks (WLAN), in-vehicle Wi-Fi 6E, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and 5G vehicle-to-basestation communication applications.
Sub-GHz RF Energy Harvester including a Small Loop Antenna

To achieve the exponential growth needed for a 1-trillion-node Internet of Things (IoT) in the next decade, innovative solutions are required to eliminate recurring battery replacement costs. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting allows the IoT node to harvest ambient electromagnetic energy and reduce the dependence on battery power consumption. The performance of the RF energy harvester depends on the power conversion efficiency (PCE), the strength of the incident RF energy, the gain of the harvester antenna, and the power transmission coefficient. It is also imperative to enhance the sensitivity of the RF energy harvester to ensure a startup at ultra-low input power levels [1].
Development of Novel Lipid-Based Formulations for Water-Soluble Vitamin C versus Fat-Soluble Vitamin D3

The aim of this study was to develop a facile and novel lipid-based formulation of vitamin C and vitamin D3. Liposomes loaded with vitamin C and D3 were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential measurements for evaluating morphology, particle size and physical stability. HPLC was employed to quantify the content of vitamin C and vitamin D3 in their liposomal forms. The UHPLC analysis of the lipid-based vitamin formulation is an easy and rapid method for the characterization as well as the quantification of all components. In addition, encapsulation efficiency, vitamin loading and stability analysis were performed by the UHPLC method, in order to evaluate the reliability of the optimized lipid-based formulation. The TEM results provided key support for the core type of liposome structure in the formulations, whereas the HPLC results indicated that the liposomal vitamin C and D3 systems were homogeneous, and did not undergo phase separation. Taken together, the results demonstrate that liposomal encapsulated vitamins (vitamin C and D3) possess a unilamellar vesicle morphology with uniform particle size, despite differences in the hydrophile–lipophile profiles of the vitamins. The highly efficient encapsulation properties of such liposomal constructs are proposed to contribute to enhanced vitamin bioavailability.
Balanced Microwave Transmission Lines, Circuits, and Sensors

This paper provides an overview of balanced (or differential-mode) structures operating at microwaves, including common-mode suppression filters, balanced filters and circuits with intrinsic common-mode suppression, and differential-mode sensors. The increasing interest for balanced structures within the framework of communication circuits and sensors, related to their major robustness against electromagnetic interference (EMI), noise, and environmental factors, is duly justified. Then the paper reports various approaches for the implementation of common-mode suppression filters, balanced filters and circuits (including narrowband and wideband filters, multi-band filters, power dividers, couplers and phase shifters), and differential-mode sensors (mainly devoted to the measurement of permittivity and related variables). Rather than providing a detailed analysis of the different considered implementations/approaches, the main goal of this review paper is to discuss, and compare in some cases, the main proposed strategies (pointed out in the up-to-date state-of-the-art) for optimizing the performance of the various differential-mode devices under study.
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR A PROPORTION

Tables of confidence intervals for a proportion based on the sample proportion are presented, calculated by a slight modification of the method proposed by Sterne (1954), for fixed sample sizes up to 30 and confidence coefficients of 0 90, 0 95 and 0 99. This system is compared, especially in shortness, with Sterne's system, Clopper & Pearson's (1934), and another, intermediate system. It is assumed that a random sample of fixed size n is drawn from an infinite population containing a proportion oT of individuals with a given characteristic, that r individuals are observed to have the characteristic, and that it is desired to estimate 7 by means of a two-sided confidence interval. While relatively tedious to calculate, Sterne's system and its modification have in common the advantage that no system is possible which has shorter total length of the n + 1 confidence intervals for r = 0, 1, . , n. However, they are at a disadvantage if one
The Difference in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Meeting Guidelines for Aerobic Physical Activity and Muscle-Strengthening Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Study Performed Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014–2019

Physical activity and muscle strengthening are essential for preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and meeting the guidelines for aerobic physical activity (APA), muscle strengthening exercise (MSE), and combined exercise. We used data from 22,467 Koreans aged 40 years or older, who participated in in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2014–2019. We used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) to measure physical activity and surveyed frequency of MSE through a questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the American heart association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Compared with none exercise group, odds ratios of APA, MSE, and combined exercise group (CEG) on metabolic syndrome prevalence were 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74–0.98), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.67–0.99), and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.54–0.78) among men, respectively. Among women, ORs of APA, MSE, and CEG were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73–0.93), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.58–0.91), and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.58–0.93), respectively. This study showed that meeting guidelines for APA and MSE was associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, subjects who met both APA and MSE had the lowest metabolic syndrome prevalence.
A reliable intra-relay cooperative relay network coupling with spatial modulation for the dynamic V2V communication

Cooperative relay networks have received much attention recently. Eespecially when the conflicting issue regarding transmission reliability and spectral efficiency becomes serious due to dynamic network topologies, multipath fading effects and high-speed mobility in the vehicular communication networks, the optimal intra-relay cooperation signal processing strategy would play an important role to enable a highly reliable and efficient relay transmission for V2V communications. In this paper, an elaborate intra-relay cooperation structure, called Cooperative Generalized Space Shift Keying using Butson Hadamard matrix (CBHSSK), which can effectively fulfill the coupling of DF relay cooperation with spatial modulation of the active relay nodes in the dynamic relay network has been proposed. According to CBHSSK principle, the active relay selection rule is properly designed and embedded in a joint relay signal vector in addition to a CRC error control. By theoretical derivation of the spectral efficiency of the new strategy, the active ratio relay can be optimized to be adaptive to the nonstationary V2V channel model. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation results by using MRC at ML receiver, the enhanced reliability with low Bit Error Rate (BER) superior to the state-of-art counterpart can be achieved while maintaining the same spectrum efficiency. The optimal design criterions among spectrum efficiency, reliability and power efficiency are also given.
A-CGAN based transformation from ISAR to optical image

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image offers geometric and structural characteristics information of target objects. Thus, It is an important research topic to recognize radar targets based on ISAR images. ISAR imaging offers the advantages of all-day, all-weather, and ultra-long- distance imaging; however, ISAR image quality is affected by attitude angle, defocusing noise, resolution and other factors, resulting in inferior recognition performance. In contrast, optical images require more stringent imaging conditions, but they provide more feature diversity, resulting in a better recognition effect. Combining the advantages of ISAR images and optical images, the transformation from target ISAR images to optical images greatly improves the target recognition performance. In this study, an ISAR-to-optical image generation method was developed. Combined with two attention mechanisms and the SSIM loss function, a conditional generative adversarial network was constructed to transform ISAR images into optical images so that the generative model can realistically restore the details of the target images. In addition, a comparative test was conducted on a simulated aircraft target, and the performance of the proposed architecture was evaluated in terms of visual effects and quantitative indicators. The results show that the proposed method yields better generation effect. Furthermore, the target recognition case shows that the recognition rate obtained using the generated optical images is considerably higher than that obtained using the original ISAR images, further verifying the effectiveness of the generated image for target recognition.
Fully-Vertical GaN-on-SiC Schottky Barrier Diode: Role of Conductive Buffer Structure

This article reports a low ON-resistance fully-vertical GaN-on-SiC Schottky barrier diode (SBD) featuring a highly conductive buffer structure between the GaN drift layer and SiC substrate. To optimize the buffer structure, which is critical to the fully-vertical GaN-on-SiC SBD, heavily doped Al0.25Ga0.75N buffer layer on top of SiC substrate and graded Al<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{0.25}\to {0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>Ga<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{0.75}\to {1}}\text{N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> layer at the GaN/Al0.25Ga0.75N interface are implemented, yielding a reduced specific ON-resistance of 0.96 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2. The fully-vertical GaN-on-SiC SBD exhibits a high forward current density over 3000 A/cm2, a high current swing of ~<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{11}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a nearly ideal Schottky interface with a low ideality factor of ~1.03, and an enhanced reverse blocking voltage of ~520 V with fluorine-implanted termination (FIT). The optimization scheme of the buffer structure and its impact on the electrical performance have been analyzed and revealed. The demonstration of the fully-vertical GaN-on-SiC SBD with highly conductive buffer structure shows a practical approach to realizing fully-vertical GaN-on-SiC power devices and paves the way toward monolithic integration of GaN/SiC power devices.
Perceptions of Teachers and Learners of the Effects of COVID-19 on the Teaching and Learning process in Selected Secondary Schools in Kapiri- Mposhi District, Zambia

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of teachers and learners of the effects of Covid-19 on the teaching and learning process in the selected secondary schools in Kapiri- Mposhi District. Methodology: Ten schools were selected using random sampling from the urban and rural parts of the district, from which a total of 197 participants comprising 100 grade 9 and 12 learners and 97 teachers, were sampled. A questionnaire, face to face interviews and focus group discussions were also used to collect data for this study. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that COVID-19 was viewed to have had affected the teaching and learning negatively, as it was considered to have led to negative effects such as the closure of schools, loss of learning time, ineffective teaching and learning, poor or unequal access to learning opportunities, especially between learners in the urban and rural located schools regarding online learning. Out of 197 respondents, most of the participants (90.9%) agreed that COVID-19 may lead to unequal access to educational resources, and also that school closures may negatively impact teaching and learning outcomes, especially for the underprivileged. Further, 88.8%, 87.3%, 86.8% and 85.8% of the respondents were of the opinion that learners may substantially lag behind especially in reading and mathematical subjects, stigmatization of infected learners and staff may heighten absenteeism, school closures may put strain on parents and teachers to provide childcare and manage distance (remote) learning while learners were out of school, and risky behavior may increase that may lead to increased teenage pregnancies and substance abuse among learners, respectively. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to literature by providing more insight on how the Covid-19 pandemic affected the teaching and learning in the selected schools, it provides knowledge and insights which could also be used to understand the effect of the pandemic on education in general and thus help in finding solutions for such emergencies in future.
Dependence on laser intensity and pulse duration in proton acceleration by irradiation of ultrashort laser pulses on a Cu foil target

The dependence on laser intensity and pulse duration in energetic proton acceleration by irradiation of ultrashort laser pulses on a 5μm thick copper tape target was measured. The laser intensity was varied from 8.5×1017W∕cm2 to 1.1×1019W∕cm2, and the pulse duration from 55 fs to 400 fs. The maximum proton energy increased as the pulse duration was increased while the laser intensity was kept constant. The dependence of the maximum proton energy on laser intensity and pulse duration was in good agreement with an analytical plasma-expanding model.
csRNA: Connection-Scalable RDMA NIC Architecture in Datacenter Environment

RDMA has been widely deployed in datacenter networking as an ideal optimization strategy in recent years. Due to its mechanisms such as kernel bypass and hardware offloading, RDMA is expected to offer better performance than traditional kernel-based TCP/IP networking. However, the hardware offloading in RDMA requires the RDMA Network Interface Card (RNIC) to manage the connection metadata, and the limited on-chip memory size in RNIC leads to its limited connection scalability. When the RNIC maintains a large number of connections, its performance drops dramatically.This paper first finds that the head-of-line blocking in connection metadata management is a major factor affecting RNIC scalability. Based on the findings, we propose csRNA, a connection-scalable RNIC architecture that maintains near-peak performance when connection scales. To achieve the non-blocking RNIC processing path, csRNA utilizes a non-blocking connection scheduler to schedule different connections when blocking. Furthermore, using a non-blocking connection management model, csRNA departs from the conventional RNIC design by returning the prepared connections first. csRNA effectively avoids the performance degradation caused by the head-of-line blocking of connection metadata management when the number of connections increases. We implement and evaluate csRNA and demonstrate that with less on-chip memory occupancy, csRNA could still maintain near-peak performance when scaling up to more than 15,000 connections.
Maneuver-based control of the 2-degrees of freedom underactuated manipulator in normal form coordinates

In this contribution, we provide a constructive way to transform a generic Lagrangian mechanical control system into the well-known Byrnes–Isidori normal form. Then, we restrict ourselves to the underactuated two-joint-manipulator in the horizontal plane. That system fails Brocketts condition and thus achieving point-to-point control is a challenging task. The system is analyzed in normal form coordinates, which allows to design a subordinate sliding mode controller and identify three discrete symmetries. Using these preliminary steps, finally a maneuver-based control scheme is proposed for equilibrium transition. Thereby each maneuver corresponds to a suitable sliding surface defined in normal form coordinates.
How many hours do you sleep? A comparison of subjective and objective sleep duration measures in a sample of insomnia patients and good sleepers

Our objective was to assess the agreement and linear relationships amongst multiple measures of sleep duration in a sample of patients with insomnia disorder and good sleeper controls. We retrospectively analysed data from 123 patients with insomnia disorder and 123 age‐ and gender‐matched good sleeper controls who completed a simple subjective habitual sleep duration question (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), a sleep diary (5–14 days), 2 nights of polysomnography, and two corresponding morning subjective estimates of sleep duration. Descriptive statistics, linear regression analyses and Bland–Altman plots were used to describe the relationship and (dis)agreement between sleep duration measures. Relationships between polysomnography and the simple question as well as between polysomnography and sleep diary were weak to non‐existent. Subjective measures and polysomnography did not agree. Sleep duration measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index or sleep diary was about 2 hr above or up to 4 hr below polysomnography‐measured sleep duration. Patients with insomnia disorder, on average, reported shorter sleep duration compared with polysomnography, while good sleeper controls, on average, reported longer sleep duration compared with polysomnography. The results suggest that subjective and objective measures apparently capture different aspects of sleep, even when nominally addressing the same value (sleep duration). They disagree in both patients with insomnia disorder and good sleeper controls, but in different directions. Studies assessing sleep duration should take into account both the investigated population and the assessment method when interpreting results. Future studies should continue to investigate possible psychological and physiological correlates of sleep (mis)perception.
Racial and ethnic differences in retrospective end-of-Life outcomes: A systematic review

Abstract The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive account of racial and ethnic differences in retrospective end-of-life outcomes. Studies were searched from the following databases: Abstracts in Social Gerontology, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMED, and SocIndex. Studies were included if they were published in English, included people from groups who have been minoritized, included adults aged 18 and older, used retrospective data, and examined end-of-life outcomes. Results from most of the 29 included studies showed that people from groups who have been minoritized had more aggressive/intensive care, had less hospice care, were more likely to die in a hospital, less likely to engage in advance care planning, less likely to have good quality of care, and experienced more financial burden at the end of life. Implications for practice (timely referrals), policy (health insurance access), and research (intervention studies) are provided.