Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alamouti scheme's generalization

The Orthogonal spacetime block code proposed by Alamouti [1], which is a promising scheme for information transmission over Rayleigh-fading channels using two transmit antennas due to its favorable characteristics of having full transmit diversity, full rate and a simple maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding algorithm, motivates searches for similar schemes using more than two transmit antennas. Many authors extended the theory of classical orthogonal designs to the theory of generalized, real, or complex orthogonal designs and then applied it to construct spacetime block codes (STBCs) with the maximum possible diversity order while having a simple decoding algorithm for any given number of transmit and receive antennas. These codes achieve the maximum possible transmission rate for any number of transmit antennas using any arbitrary real constellation such as PAM. Unfortunatly, for any arbitrary complex constellation such as PSK and QAM, spacetime block codes were penelized by a rate strictly inferior to one for transmission with more than two antennas. In this correspondence we study the Alamouti code and its generalization, for both real and complex constellations, for any number of transmit antennas.
The Northeast-Northwest Collaborative Adoption Project

SUMMARY One of the exciting new directions in family research is the examination of shared and nonshared environmental processes underlying the learning of cognitive, literacy, and social-behavioral skills. The adoption design is a powerful method for testing theories regarding environmental mechanisms. In this paper, we describe the Northeast-Northwest Collaborative Adoption Project (N2CAP), an ongoing adoption study in which we are examining the role of parenting environments generally, and parent-child relationships more specifically, in the development of cognitive, reading and social-emotional outcomes in childhood. The goal of this study is to identify environmental influences that impact children's cognitive and social-emotional development using a genetically sensitive design, and to further the development of models of genotype-environment processes.
Smart greenhouse: A real-time mobile intelligent monitoring system based on WSN

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the most promising technologies in the 21st century. Applying WSN to life or production environment is becoming increasingly common. Incorporating the environment-sensing capability of wireless sensor networks into mobile monitoring systems can provide convenient control of the greenhouses anywhere, anytime. This paper designs and implements a real-time mobile intelligent monitoring system, which can collect data real time, transfer data automatically and provide remote control via mobile device. The system consists of acquisition and transmission system, control center and mobile control terminal. It comprises temperature, humidity, light sensors, sink node, server and mobile client. We deployed this system in the actual environment and demonstrate the effectiveness of the system.
Molecular basis of Sindbis virus neurovirulence in mice

We examined a variety of strains of Sindbis virus for the genetic changes responsible for differences in neurovirulence in mice. SV1A (a low passage of the AR339 strain of Sindbis virus), a neuroadapted Sindbis virus (NSV), and two laboratory strains of Sindbis virus (HRSP and Toto1101) were examined. NSV causes severe encephalomyelitis with hind-limb paralysis and high mortality after intracerebral inoculation in weanling mice. In contrast, SV1A causes only mild, nonfatal disease in weanling mice; however, in suckling mice, SV1A causes a fatal encephalomyelitis after either intracerebral or subcutaneous inoculation. The two laboratory strains used have a greatly reduced neurovirulence for suckling mice and are avirulent for weanling mice. The nucleotide sequences and encoded amino acid sequences of the structural glycoproteins of these four strains were compared. Hybrid genomes were constructed by replacing restriction fragments in a full-length cDNA clone of Sindbis virus, from which infectious RNA can be transcribed in vitro, with fragments from cDNA clones of the various strains. These recombinant viruses allowed us to test the importance of each amino acid difference between the various strains for neurovirulence in weanling and suckling mice. Glycoproteins E2 and E1 were of paramount importance for neurovirulence in adult mice. Recombinant viruses containing the nonstructural protein region and the capsid protein region from an avirulent strain and the E1 and E2 glycoprotein regions from NSV were virulent, although they were less virulent than NSV. Furthermore, changes in either E2 (His-55 in NSV to Gln in SV1A) or E1 (Ala-72 in NSV to Val in SV1A and Asp-313 in NSV to Gly in SV1A) reduced virulence. For virulence in suckling mice, we found that a number of changes in E2 and E1 can lead to decreased virulence and that in fact, a gradient of virulence exists.
Spain’s New Patriots

In Spain, patriotism is back in fashion. It’s neither the old National-Catholicism of Francisco Franco’s right-wing dictatorship nor the flag-waving rhetoric of the conservative Popular Party of the current Prime Minister, Mariano Rajoy. Spain’s new patriots are the leaders and voters of Podemos, the left populist party that is trying to shake the foundations of the nation’s political system.
Non-Linear Piezoelectric Actuator with a Preloaded Cantilever Beam

Piezoelectric actuation is widely used for the active vibration control of smart structural systems, and corresponding research has largely focused on linear electromechanical devices. This paper investigates the design and analysis of a novel piezoelectric actuator that uses a piezoelectric cantilever beam with a loading spring to produce displacement outputs. This device has a special nonlinear property relating to converting between kinetic energy and potential energy, and it can be used to increase the output displacement at a lower voltage. The system is analytically modeled with Lagrangian functional and Euler–Lagrange equations, numerically simulated with MATLAB, and experimentally realized to demonstrate its enhanced capabilities. The model is validated using an experimental device with several pretensions of the loading spring, therein representing three interesting cases: a linear system, a low natural frequency system with a pre-buckled beam, and a system with a buckled beam. The motivating hypothesis for the current work is that nonlinear phenomena could be exploited to improve the effectiveness of the piezoelectric actuator’s displacement output. The most practical configuration seems to be the pre-buckled case, in which the proposed system has a low natural frequency, a high tip displacement, and a stable balanced position.
Fostering Learning Autonomy through the Use of Learning Strategies.

cal and applied literatures in education. If we agree that helping students to accept more responsibility for their own learning is an important goal, then we must help them develop the competencies and attitudes needed for self directed learning. Learning-to-learn phenomena have been examined from a wide variety of perspectives (Anderson, 1985; Dillon and Schmeck, 1983; Kirby, 1984; Pressley and Levin, 1983; Weinstein and Mayer, 1986; and Weinstein, Goetz, and Alexander, in press). For the purposes of the present discussion, attention will be focused on a subarea
A Review of Management of Clostridium difficile Infection: Primary and Recurrence

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a potentially fatal illness, especially in the elderly and hospitalized individuals. The recurrence and rates of CDI are increasing. In addition, some cases of CDI are refractory to the currently available antibiotics. The search for improved modalities for the management of primary and recurrent CDI is underway. This review discusses the current antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and other options such as immunotherapy and administration of non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile (CD) for the management of both primary and recurrent CDI.
Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides Bind to Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, Inhibit Its Binding to Cell Surface Receptors, and Remove It from Low Affinity Binding Sites on Extracellular Matrix (*)

We studied the interactions of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides and heparin-binding growth factors. By means of a gel mobility shift assay, we demonstrated that phosphodiester and phosphorothioate homopolymers bound to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Binding of a probe phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotide could also be shown for other proteins of the FGF family, including acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), Kaposi's growth factor (FGF-4) as well as for the bFGF-related vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF. No binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was observed. In addition, using a radioreceptor assay, we have shown that phosphorothioate homopolymers of cytidine and thymidine blocked binding of not only I-bFGF, but also of I-PDGF to NIH 3T3 cells, whereas phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides were ineffective. The extent of blockade of binding was dependent on the chain length of the phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide. Furthermore, we have examined the effects of 18-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides of different sequences on I-bFGF binding to low and high affinity sites on both NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Despite the fact that we have observed inhibition of bFGF binding by the 18-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides for both the high and low affinity classes of bFGF receptor, the inhibition was sequence-selective only for the high affinity receptors. We have also demonstrated that phosphorothioate homopolymers of cytidine and thymidine release bFGF bound to low affinity receptors in extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, the most potent phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides used in these experiments (e.g. SdC28) were inhibitors of bFGF-induced DNA synthesis in NIH 3T3 cells.
KitAi-VAL: Textual Entailment Recognition System for NTCIR-11 RITE-VAL

This paper describes Japanese textual entailment recognition systems for NTCIR-11 RITE-VAL. The tasks that we participated in are the system validation subtask and the fact validation subtask for Japanese. Our methods for the system validation are based on our previous method KitAi for RITE2. We add new features to the previous method. In addition, we construct a combined classi er for the unit-test, which is a sentence pair, t1 and t2, about a single linguistic phenomenon. For the fact validation task, we propose two approaches; search log based and summarization based methods. The search log based method generates a classi er using logs from Apache Solr. It does not contain any linguistic features for the classi er. The summarization based method generates t1 from outputs of Apache Solr. It is a kind of multi-document summarization. We apply the generated t1 to KitAi, namely a classi er for the binary class problem of textual entailment recognition. In formal runs, the best accuracy rates in the methods for the system validation and the fact validation tasks were 68.02 points and 57.98, respectively.
Consistent Checkpoints of PVM Applications

Currently PVM is the standard for developing parallel applications in workstation environments. One of its goals is to use the computational power of idling workstations. In practice many users refrain from opening their machine to other users’ PVM processes. This is due to their experience that such a process, which usually requires a lot of resources (CPU and memory), increases the response time for short interactive commands, i.e. reduces his own productivity. In the following, we describe an approach which enhances existing queuing systems with a support for parallel PVM applications and allows the migration of PVM processes to other machines. Hence, users who start to work interactively on their machine are no longer bothered by resource consuming PVM processes.
Multi-sensors data fusion using Dynamic Bayesian Network for robotised vehicle geo-localisation

This paper presents an outdoor geo-localisation method, which integrates several information sources: measurements from GPS, incremental encoders and gyroscope, 2D images provided by an on-board camera and a virtual 3D city model. A 3D cartographical observation of the vehicle pose is constructed. This observation is based on the matching between the acquired 2D images and the virtual 3D city model. This estimation is especially useful during long GPS outages to correct the drift of the only dead-reckoning localisation or when the GPS quality is deteriorated due to multi-path, satellites masks and so on particularly in urban environments. Moreover, the various sensors measurements are fused in Dynamic Bayesian Network formalism in order to provide a continuous estimation of the pose.
Surgical Outcome in Hippocampal Sclerosis Following Selective

OBJECTIVES: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of intractable partial epilepsy in adults with hippocampal sclerosis accounting for the majority of cases. Selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy (SEAH) is suggested as a safe and effective surgical procedure with the advantage of a better cognitive outcome. METHODS: We prospectively documented 56 consecutive patients with medically refractory medial temporal lob epilepsy. Candidates for surgery were determined as those with characteristic clinical and imaging findings, ictal recordings, and neuropsychological evaluation. A standard SEAH was performed and hippocampal sclerosis was histologically confirmed. RESULTS: In our study 76.7% of patients were classified as Engel I and 62.2% as ILAE I at their last follow up. Overall, at the last follow-up, 51.8% of patients were seizure-free since surgery (Engel 1a and ILAE 1a), 25% had stopped antiepileptic treatment, and another 52% had decreased either the dosage or number of antiepileptic drugs. 86.3% of the patients with abnormality on neurocognitive tasks showed improvement at the end of the 6 months post surgery. CONCLUSION: SEAH is a safe and effective surgical procedure without the necessity of a larger resection and further invasive methods.
Studies of multiple stellar systems — III. Modulation of orbital elements in the triple-lined system HD 109648

The triple-lined spectroscopic triple system HD 109648 has one of the shortest periods known for the outer orbit in a late-type triple, 120.5 d, and the ratio between the periods of the outer and the inner orbits is small, 22:1. With such extreme values, this system should show orbital element variations over a time-scale of about a decade. We have monitored the radial velocities of HD 109648 with the CfA Digital Speedometers for 8 yr, and have found evidence for modulation of some orbital elements. While we see no definite evidence for modulation of the inner binary eccentricity, we clearly observe variations in the inner and the outer longitudes of periastron, and in the radial velocity amplitudes of the three components. The observational results, combined with numerical simulations, allow us to put constraints on the orientation of the orbits.
Short Hairpin RNA Interference Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease

Background— During hypoxia, upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha transcriptional factor can activate several downstream angiogenic genes. However, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha is naturally degraded by prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) protein. Here we hypothesize that short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference therapy targeting PHD2 can be used for treatment of myocardial ischemia and this process can be followed noninvasively by molecular imaging. Methods and Results— PHD2 was cloned from mouse embryonic stem cells by comparing the homolog gene in human and rat. The best candidate shRNA sequence for inhibiting PHD2 was inserted into the pSuper vector driven by the H1 promoter followed by a separate hypoxia response element-incorporated promoter driving a firefly luciferase reporter gene. This construct was used to transfect mouse C2C12 myoblast cell line for in vitro confirmation. Compared with the control short hairpin scramble (shScramble) as control, inhibition of PHD2 increased levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha protein and several downstream angiogenic genes by >30% (P<0.01). Afterward, shRNA targeting PHD2 (shPHD2) plasmid was injected intramyocardially following ligation of left anterior descending artery in mice. Animals were randomized into shPHD2 experimental group (n=25) versus shScramble control group (n=20). Bioluminescence imaging detected plasmid-mediated transgene expression for 4 to 5 weeks. Echocardiography showed the shPHD2 group had improved fractional shortening compared with the shScramble group at Week 4 (33.7%±1.9% versus 28.4%±2.8%; P<0.05). Postmortem analysis showed increased presence of small capillaries and venules in the infarcted zones by CD31 staining. Finally, Western blot analysis of explanted hearts also confirmed that animals treated with shPHD2 had significantly higher levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha protein. Conclusions— This is the first study to image the biological role of shRNA therapy for improving cardiac function. Inhibition of PHD2 by shRNA led to significant improvement in angiogenesis and contractility by in vitro and in vivo experiments. With further validation, the combination of shRNA therapy and molecular imaging can be used to track novel cardiovascular gene therapy applications in the future.
T cell interaction with ICAM-1-deficient endothelium in vitro: transendothelial migration of different T cell populations is mediated by endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2.

The trafficking of T lymphocytes is carefully regulated by adhesive interactions with the vascular endothelium. Depending on their maturation and activation stage, T lymphocytes exhibit distinctive patterns of homing and recirculation, which is at least partly due to the selective expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) on the T cell surface. In order to define whether the differential usage of CAM during the steps of transendothelial migration is involved in organ-specific recirculation of different T cell subsets we compared the interaction of three different T cell populations with mouse endothelioma cell lines in vitro. Using a novel approach, where we directly compared T cell interaction with ICAM-1-deficient endothelium to wild-type endothelium, we recently demonstrated that endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 play a key role in mediating the transendothelial migration of CD4(+) memory T cells. Here we show that endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 are equally required for the transendothelial migration of other T cell populations such as thymocytes and T lymphoma cells, which differ from CD4(+) memory T cells in their maturation and activation stage, as well as in their surface expression of adhesion molecules. Our data therefore demonstrate that transendothelial migration of different T cell populations is mediated by the same endothelial CAM, i.e. ICAM-1 and ICAM-2, and thus subset-specific interaction of T cells with endothelial cells must be regulated prior to transendothelial migration.
An Introduction to the Digital Still Camera Technology

The Digital Still Camera is a challenging application for ImageProcessing techniques.The basics of the algorithms applied tothe data provided by the image sensor were first applied incamcorders.In fact,in the beginning,digital still cameras couldbe considered as a derivative of the camcorder technology,modified to capture still pictures.But two factors contributed significantly in differentiating thetwo systems:- the
REVISITING THE LYMAN CONTINUUM ESCAPE CRISIS: PREDICTIONS FOR z > 6 FROM LOCAL GALAXIES

The intrinsic escape fraction of ionizing Lyman continuum photons ( ) is crucial to understanding whether galaxies are capable of reionizing the neutral hydrogen in the early universe at z > 6. Unfortunately, it is not possible to access at z > 4 with direct observations, and the handful of measurements from low-redshift galaxies consistently find < 10%, while at least ∼ 10% is necessary for galaxies to dominate reionization. Here, we present the first empirical prediction of at z > 6 by combining the (sparsely populated) relation between / and with the redshift evolution of / as predicted from local high-z analogs selected by their Hα equivalent width. We find at z = 6 and at z = 9 for galaxies with (errors given as 1σ). However, there is a negative correlation with stellar mass and we find up to 50% larger per 0.5 dex decrease in stellar mass. The population-averaged escape fraction increases according to , with fesc,0 = (2.3 ± 0.05)% and α = 1.17 ± 0.02 at z > 2 for . With our empirical prediction of (thus fixing an important, previously unknown variable) and further reasonable assumptions on clumping factor and the production efficiency of Lyman continuum photons, we conclude that the average population of galaxies is just capable of reionizing the universe by z ∼ 6.
RIQ and SROIQ Are Harder than SHOIQ

We identify the computational complexity of (finite model) reasoning in the sublanguages of the description logic SROIQ—the logic currently proposed as the basis for the next version of the web ontology language OWL. We prove that the classical reasoning problems are N2ExpTime-complete for SROIQ and 2ExpTime-hard for its sublanguage RIQ. RIQ and SROIQ are thus exponentially harder than SHIQ and SHOIQ. The growth in complexity is due to complex role inclusion axioms of the form R1 o . o Rn ⊑ R, which are known to cause an exponential blowup in the tableau-based procedures for RIQ and SROIQ. Our complexity results, thus, also prove that this blowup is unavoidable. We also demonstrate that the hardness results hold already for linear role inclusion axioms of the form R1 o R2 ⊑ R1 and R1 o R2 ⊑ R2.
Design of a low-power 2.4GHz current reuse VCO for biomedical implantable applications

In this paper we present the design of LC voltage control oscillator (VCO) operating at 2.4GHz in 130nm CMOS technology using the current reuse topology, achieving a Phase Noise of -118dBc/Hz @ 1MHz with a turning range from 2.52GHz to 2.23GHz, control voltage from 0V to 1.2V while dissipating 232. 4μW at resonance with 1.2V supply voltage.
Catalysts as Sensors—A Promising Novel Approach in Automotive Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

Sensors that detect directly and in situ the status of automotive exhaust gas catalysts by monitoring the electrical properties of the catalyst coating itself are overviewed. Examples included in this review are the in-situ determination of the electrical impedance of three-way catalysts based on ceria-zirconia solutions and of lean NOx traps of earth-alkaline based coatings, as well as approaches to determine the ammonia loading in Fe-SCR-zeolites with electrical ac measurements. Even more sophisticated approaches based on interactions with electromagnetic waves are also reviewed. For that purpose, metallic stick-like antennas are inserted into the exhaust pipe. The catalyst properties are measured in a contactless manner, directly indicating the catalyst status. The radio frequency probes gauge the oxygen loading degree of three-way catalysts, the NOx-loading of lean NOx traps, and the soot loading of Diesel particulate filters.
Type systems for dummies

We extend Pure Type Systems with a function turning each term M of type A into a dummy |M| of the same type (|.| is not an identity, in that M ≠ |M|). Intuitively, a dummy represents an unknown, canonical object of the given type: dummies are opaque (cannot be internally inspected), and irrelevant in the sense that dummies of a same type are convertible to each other. This latter condition makes convertibility in PTS with dummies (DPTS) stronger than usual, hence raising not trivial consistency issues. DPTS offer an alternative approach to (proof) irrelevance, tagging irrelevant information at the level of terms and not of types, and avoiding the annoying syntactical duplication of products, abstractions and applications into an explicit and an implicit version, typical of systems like ICC*.