Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Meta-Heuristic Based on Social Bees for Detection and Filtering of Spam

Spam is now seized the Internet in phenomenal proportions since a high percentage of total emails exchanged on the Internet. In the fight against spam, the authors are interested in this article experiencing a meta-heuristic based on social bees. The authors took inspiration from biological model of social bees and especially, their organization in the workplace, and collective intelligence. The authors chose this meta-heuristic because it presents effects allow the authors to detect the characteristics of unwanted data. Messages are indexed and represented by the n-gram words and characters independent of languages ? because a message can be received in any language. The results are promising and provide an important way for the use of this model for solving other problems in data mining.
Exploiting collision information in probabilistic roadmap planning

This paper develops a novel approach to combining probabilistic motion planners. Rather than trying to develop a single planner that works over a wide range of environments, we develop a strategy for combining different motion planners within a single framework. Specifically we examine how planners designed for open spaces and those designed for narrow passages can be integrated within a single planning framework. Information that is normally discarded in the planning process is used to identify regions as being potentially ‘narrow’ or ‘cluttered’, and we then apply the planner most suited for that region based on this information. Experimental results demonstrate our approach outperforms the basic PRM approach as well as a Gaussian sampler designed for narrow regions in three test environments.
Clues to the Function of the Tumour Susceptibility Gene BRCA2

The breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 was isolated in 1995. BRCA2 is a large gene comprising 10,254 nucleotides and 26 coding exons. Neither the nucleotide nor the predicted protein sequences (comprising 3,418 amino acids) have provided substantial clues about its function. As a result, researchers have been trying to elucidate the function using a combination of cell biological and biochemical methods and the construction of animal models using gene targeting in mice. Recent data suggest that BRCA2 may participate in pathways associated with recombination or double-strand DNA break repair and may act by either sensing or responding to DNA damage. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that BRCA2 functions in a manner similar to the previously isolated breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1.
SentiReview: Sentiment analysis based on text and emoticons

Social networking has gradually become a routine for people to post their opinions, views and comments on any product or person. People share their feelings online in a very informal language. Thus, it is very difficult task to analyze exact sentiments attached with that natural language. Sentiment Analysis is a study of people's attitude, opinions, and emotions to classify whether it is positive, negative or neutral. Use of emoticons on social media has increased rapidly in recent years. Hence, we have focused more on how emoticons play an important role in sentiment analysis. Various factors that affect sentiment analysis are discussed briefly in this paper. Also various issues like sarcasm detection, multilingualism, handling acronyms and slang language, lexical variation and dynamic dictionary handling are discussed.
Anaerobic Oxidation of Arsenite in Mono Lake Water and by a Facultative, Arsenite-Oxidizing Chemoautotroph, Strain MLHE-1

ABSTRACT Arsenite [As(III)]-enriched anoxic bottom water from Mono Lake, California, produced arsenate [As(V)] during incubation with either nitrate or nitrite. No such oxidation occurred in killed controls or in live samples incubated without added nitrate or nitrite. A small amount of biological As(III) oxidation was observed in samples amended with Fe(III) chelated with nitrolotriacetic acid, although some chemical oxidation was also evident in killed controls. A pure culture, strain MLHE-1, that was capable of growth with As(III) as its electron donor and nitrate as its electron acceptor was isolated in a defined mineral salts medium. Cells were also able to grow in nitrate-mineral salts medium by using H2 or sulfide as their electron donor in lieu of As(III). Arsenite-grown cells demonstrated dark 14CO2 fixation, and PCR was used to indicate the presence of a gene encoding ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Strain MLHE-1 is a facultative chemoautotroph, able to grow with these inorganic electron donors and nitrate as its electron acceptor, but heterotrophic growth on acetate was also observed under both aerobic and anaerobic (nitrate) conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S ribosomal DNA sequence placed strain MLHE-1 within the haloalkaliphilic Ectothiorhodospira of the γ-Proteobacteria. Arsenite oxidation has never been reported for any members of this subgroup of the Proteobacteria.
A Two-Stage Approach to Feedback Design in Multi-User MIMO Channels with Limited Channel State Information

We consider the downlink of a multiuser MIMO channel, corresponding to a single cell with an Nt-antenna base station and K single-antenna mobile terminals (MTs). It is known that when full channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter (full CSIT) the capacity of the system scales as Nt log(P/Nt- log K), under a total power constraint P [1], While, when the transmitter has no CSI, scaling reduces to that of a TDMA system. This paper examines the more realistic case of having an intermediate state of CSI. The key idea is based on a split of the allotted feedback between two stages: A first stage devoted to scheduling followed by a second stage for precoder design for the selected users. Based on an approximation of the achievable sum rate, we introduce a method for determining the splitting of the feedback rate so as to maximize performance and provide intuitions. We illustrate the gains of the 2-stage approach via Monte Carlo simulations.
On feature traceability in object oriented programs

Open-source and industrial software systems often lack up-to-date documents on the implementation of user-observable functionalities. This lack of documents is particularly hindering for large systems. Moreover, as with any other software artifacts, user-observable functionalities evolve through software evolution activities. Evolution activities sometimes have undesired and unexpected side-effects on other functionalities, causing these to fail or to malfunction. In this position paper, we promote the idea that a traceability link between user-observable functionalities and constituents of a software architecture (classes, methods. . . implementing the functionalities) is essential to reduce the software evolution effort. We outline an approach to recover and to study the evolution of features---subsets of the constituents of a software architecture---responsible for a functionality.
Role of galectin‐1 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cell invasion through the JNK pathway

Human galectin‐1 is a member of the galectin family, proteins with conserved carbohydrate‐recognition domains that bind galactoside. Galectin‐1 is highly expressed in various tumors and participates in various oncogenic processes. However, detailed descriptions of the function of galectin‐1 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma have not been reported. Our previous cohort investigation showed that galectin‐1 is associated with tumor invasiveness and is a possible independent prognostic marker of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma. The present study aimed to clarify the relevance of galectin‐1 expression level to tumor progression and invasion. In order to decipher a mechanism for the contribution of galectin‐1 to the malignant behavior of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma, two bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and J82) were established with knockdown of galectin‐1 expression by shRNA. Bladder cancer cells with LGALS1 gene silencing showed reduced cell proliferation, lower invasive capability, and lower clonogenicity. Extensive signaling pathway studies indicated that galectin‐1 participated in bladder cancer cell invasion by mediating the activity of MMP9 through the Ras–Rac1–MEKK4–JNK–AP1 signaling pathway. Our functional analyses of galectin‐1 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma provided novel insights into the critical role of galectin‐1 in tumor progression and invasion. These results revealed that silencing the galectin‐1‐mediated MAPK signaling pathway presented a novel strategy for bladder cancer therapy.
Hybridization of SBX based NSGA-II and sequential quadratic programming for solving multi-objective optimization problems

Most real-world search and optimization problems involve multiple conflicting objectives and results in a Pareto-optimal set. Various multi-objective optimization algorithms have been proposed for solving such problems with the goals of finding as many trade-off solutions as possible and maintaining diversity among them. Since last decade, evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithms have been applied successfully to various test and real-world optimization problems. These population based algorithms provide a diverse set of non-dominated solutions. The obtained non-dominated set is close to the true Pareto-optimal front but it's convergence to the true Pareto-optimal front is not guaranteed. Hence to ensure the same, a local search method using classical algorithm can be applied. In the present work, SBX based NSGA-II is used as a population based approach and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method is used as a local search procedure. This hybridization of evolutionary and classical algorithms approach provides a confidence of converging near to the true Pareto-optimal set with a good diversity. The proposed procedure is successfully applied to 13 test problems consisting two, three and five objectives. The obtained results validate our motivation of hybridizing evolutionary and classical methods.
Recent and lifelong sexual dysfunction in a female UK population sample: prevalence and risk factors.

INTRODUCTION To date, no studies have tried to explore the prevalence and risk factors of recent and lifelong female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in the United Kingdom using validated questionnaires for the assessment of symptom severity and levels of associated sexual distress. AIM To estimate the prevalence and comorbidity of recent and lifelong FSD and to further identify potential psychosocial and behavioral risk factors in a nationally representative sample of UK women. METHODS One thousand four hundred eighty-nine unselected female twin individuals aged 18-85 years. Validated questionnaires, such as the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale, were used for the assessment of symptom severity and degree of sexual distress. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and comorbidity of recent and lifelong FSD according to the FSFI cutoff points and the existence of sexual distress. Lifelong FSD refers to an individual's average sexual function ever since they have been sexually active. We further calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval for FSD. RESULTS We found that 5.8% of women reported any recent sexual dysfunction and 15.5% reported any lifelong sexual dysfunction. Hyposexual desire was the most prevalent recent and lifelong sexual complaint (21.4% and 17.3%, respectively). High intercorrelations were found for both recent and lifelong FSD (r=0.3-0.7). The most common independent, clinical predictor of recent and lifelong FSD diagnosis was relationship dissatisfaction (OR 1.2-4.5). Experience of abuse (OR 1.6-2.1), increased anxiety, and obsessive compulsive behavior were the most common predictors for lifelong FSD. CONCLUSIONS The study provides the first UK population-based assessment of recent and lifelong FSD using validated outcome measures and accounting for sexual distress. Our results indicate that FSD is common in the general population and is influenced by psychosocial factors with different pathoetiologies underlying recent and lifelong FSD.
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Mediates Cell Type-Specific Anti-Measles Virus Activity of Gamma Interferon

ABSTRACT Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) has been shown to be increased in sera from patients with acute measles and after vaccination, to exhibit protective functions in brains of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and to mediate a noncytolytic clearance of measles virus (MV) from rodent brains. In order to reveal a possible intracellular antiviral activity in the absence of antigen presentation and cytotoxic T cells, we investigated IFN-γ-induced effects on MV replication in various tissue culture cells. While attenuated MV strains are more sensitive to IFN-α/β than are wild-type strains, IFN-γ inhibits the replication of all MV strains in epithelial, endothelial, and astroglial cells, but not in lymphoid and neuronal cell lines. The antiviral activity induced by IFN-γ correlates with the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme of the tryptophan degradation pathway known to mediate antiviral as well as antibacterial and antiparasitic effects. The IFN-γ-induced antiviral activity can be overcome by the addition of excess amounts of l-tryptophan, which indicates a specific role of IDO in the anti-MV activity. Our data suggest that the IFN-γ-induced enzyme IDO plays an important antiviral role in MV infections of epithelial, endothelial, and astroglial cells.
Determining critical values of calculated parameters within a physiologic model

To determine the critical value of calculated but not readily measurable variables of a physiologic model, we examine clinical studies of similar variables and establish the critical values. The calculated variables considered in this study are the partial pressure of oxygen in the myocardium and in the gray matter of the brain. Partial pressure target values of 29 mmHg for cerebral tissue and 23 mmHg for myocardial tissue were determined to be suitable for a critical threshold. We validated these with a physiologic model test by ensuring that these corresponded to a reasonable value of cardiac output, vital sign commonly used to evaluate patient well being. These values can be used for future analysis of physiologic monitors' alarm systems when using physiologic models.
Real-time myoelectric prosthetic-hand control to reject outlier motion interference using one-class classifier

Electromyography (EMG) has been popularly used as interface command to achieve a natural control for myoelectric prosthetic-hands. Traditional EMG-based recognition methods always only focus on the classification of target motion classes that were defined in the training phase, but have no ability to reject outlier motion interferences that did not present before. In this paper, a hybrid classifier that combines one one-class Gaussian classifiers and a multi-class LDA was constructed to achieve EMG-based motion classification, in which Gaussian classifiers were used to reject outlier interferences, while LDA was used to classify target motion samples. The robust hybrid classifier is easily built and has low run-time complexity. Extensive experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed hybrid classifier, where 91.6% of target motion recognition accuracy and 96.5% of outlier motion rejection accuracy were respectively obtained. Finally, the hybrid classifier was involved to achieve a robust and real-time control of a myoelectric prosthetic-hand.
Footpad dermatitis in poultry.

Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is a condition that causes necrotic lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads in growing broilers and turkeys. This condition not only causes downgrades and condemnations of saleable chicken paws, the portion of the leg below the spur, but is also an animal welfare concern in both the United States and in Europe. Revenue from chicken paws in 2008 alone was worth $280 million. Harvesting large, unblemished paws has become a priority to poultry companies all over the world. Research on this subject has been ongoing since the 1940s and has looked into many different areas including nutrition, environment, and genetics. Early research looked at nutritional deficiencies such as riboflavin and biotin mainly in turkey poults. This early research was most likely looking at a separate form of dermatitis than what is being investigated now. Recent findings have suggested that there is a myriad of interacting factors that lead to FPD. Litter moisture appears to be the most likely culprit in the onset of this condition. Research has also shown a possible genetic link in the susceptibility to development of FPD lesions. Current chicken paw prices have skyrocketed due to a large export market in Asia. To produce unblemished paws for both increased profit and comply with current animal welfare recommendations, further research is needed to understand how the condition develops and what strategies can be used to prevent it.
Preclinical antitumor activity of temozolomide in mice: efficacy against human brain tumor xenografts and synergism with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea.

Temozolomide, a methylating agent with clinical activity against brain tumors, demonstrated excellent antitumor activity following p.o. administration to athymic mice bearing human brain tumor xenografts. In the early stage s.c. implanted SNB-75 astrocytoma model, a 400-mg/kg dose administered on Day 5 produced 10 of 10 Day 54 tumor-free mice. In later staged s.c. U251 and SF-295 glioblastoma models, a single 600-mg/kg dose produced 9 of 10 Day 86 and 2 of 10 Day 40 tumor-free mice, respectively. In the latter group, a tumor growth delay of > 315% was attained. Similar levels of activity were attained with equal total doses on schedules of daily for 5 doses and every fourth day for 3 doses. A single 40-mg/kg i.v. dose of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) also demonstrated excellent activity, producing 9 of 10 tumor-free mice in the SNB-75 model and growth delays of 283 and 301% in the U251 and SF-295 models, respectively. Temozolomide was also highly effective against intracerebral implants of the U251 and SF-295 glioblastomas. Administration of either 600 mg/kg on Day 1 or 200 mg/kg on Days 1, 5, and 9 produced 7 of 9 Day 90 tumor-free mice in the U251 model. In the SF-295 model, a single 400-mg/kg dose or three 200-mg/kg doses produced 3 and 4 of 10 Day 90 tumor-free mice, respectively, and prolonged survival by 127%. A single 40-mg/kg i.v. dose of BCNU was more effective than temozolomide in the intracerebral SF-295 model, and less effective in the intracerebral U251 model. The synergistic potential of temozolomide and BCNU in combination was evaluated in an advanced stage s.c. implanted SF-295 model. When temozolomide was administered 2 h after BCNU on a single treatment day, a dramatic synergistic therapeutic effect was observed in two experiments. For example, single agent doses of temozolomide (600 mg/kg) and BCNU (60 mg/kg) and a combination (400 mg/kg + 27 mg/kg) demonstrating equivalent toxicity produced growth delays of 190, 258, and > 492% (includes 5 of 10 Day 51 tumor-free mice), respectively. Analysis of the data by a quadratic dose response model indicated synergism with significance at P = 0.0001 in both experiments. Synergism also was demonstrated by the isobole method. The reverse sequence was more toxic, but at lower combination doses a synergistic effect was still observed (P = 0.0001). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
PrivEx: Private Collection of Traffic Statistics for Anonymous Communication Networks

In addition to their common use for private online communication, anonymous communication networks can also be used to circumvent censorship. However, it is difficult to determine the extent to which they are actually used for this purpose without violating the privacy of the networks' users. Knowing this extent can be useful to designers and researchers who would like to improve the performance and privacy properties of the network. To address this issue, we propose a statistical data collection system, PrivEx, for collecting egress traffic statistics from anonymous communication networks in a secure and privacy-preserving manner. Our solution is based on distributed differential privacy and secure multiparty computation; it preserves the security and privacy properties of anonymous communication networks, even in the face of adversaries that can compromise data collection nodes or coerce operators to reveal cryptographic secrets and keys.
Rotational and translational bias estimation based on depth and image measurements

Constant biases associated to measured linear and angular velocities of a moving object can be estimated from measurements of a static environment by embedded camera and depth sensor. We propose here a Lyapunov-based observer taking advantage of the SO(3)-invariance of the partial differential equations satisfied by the measured brightness and depth fields. The resulting observer is governed by a nonlinear integro/partial differential system whose inputs are the linear/angular velocities and the brightness/depth fields. Convergence analysis is investigated under C3 regularity assumptions on the object motion and its environment. Technically, it relies on Ascoli-Arzela theorem and pre-compacity of the observer trajectories. It ensures asymptotic convergence of the estimated brightness and depth fields. Convergence of the estimated biases is characterized by constraints depending only on the environment. We conjecture that these constraints are automatically satisfied when the environment does not admit any rotational symmetry axis. Such asymptotic observers can be adapted to any realistic camera model. Preliminary simulations with synthetic image and depth data (corrupted by noise around 10%) indicate that such Lyapunov-based observers converge for much weaker regularity assumptions.
Characterization and Expression Analysis of Common Bean Histone Deacetylase 6 during Development and Cold Stress Response

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important regulators of gene transcription thus controlling multiple cellular processes. Despite its essential role in plants, HDA6 is yet to be validated in common bean. In this study, we show that HDA6 is involved in plant development and stress response. Differential expression of HDA6 was determined in various tissues and the expression was seen to be upregulated with plant age (seedling < flowering < maturity). Higher expression was observed in flowers and pods than in stem, leaf, and root. Upregulation of HDA6 gene during cold stress implies its prominent role in abiotic stress. Furthermore, the HDA6 gene was isolated from three common bean genotypes and sequence analyses revealed homology with functionally characterized homologs in model species. The 53 kDa translated product was detected using an HDA6 specific antibody and recombinant protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli showed HDAC activity in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the agriculturally important crop common bean describing the functional characterization and biological role of HDA6.
A TCP-like adaptive contention window for WLAN

This paper proposes and investigates a simple self-adaptive contention window adjustment algorithm for 802.11 WLAN. We present simulation and analytical results showing that the new algorithm outperforms the standard 802.11 window-adjustment algorithm. Compared with the standard and previously proposed enhancement algorithms, a salient feature of our algorithm is that it performs well both when the number of active stations is large and small that is, in both heavy and light contention cases. Furthermore, the adaptive window adjustment algorithm is simpler than previously proposed enhancement schemes in that no live measurement of the WLAN traffic activity is needed.