Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Religion through the Local Media on Twitter. The Holy Week in Malaga

This research is part of the work of the Catedra de Estudios Cofrades, Culturales, Sociales y Economicos de la Semana Santa Malaguena (Chair of Brotherhood, Cultural, Social and Economic Studies on Holy Week in Malaga) of the University of Malaga. The main purpose of the study is to deepen understanding of this local festivity. The article addresses the question of how social networks, particularly Twitter, are being used as a new resource for the transmission of religious values. People are able to find out more about this festivity by interacting with the platform. Examples of this interaction have previously been seen in the World Youth Day in Madrid, the Pope’s Twitter profile and the case of Sister Lucia in Spain. This study aims to confirm the hypothesis that the local media makes a special effort to report on the event by means of Twitter while preserving its religious essence using the appropriate choice of words. The methodology is based on a detailed analysis of content found in the tweets of nine important local media organizations: three radio stations, three television channels and three newspapers. The content has been taken from 13th to 20th April 2014 (Holy Week) and classified into three categories of terms: religious terms, tourism terms and artistic terms. The results confirm that the local media use religious vocabulary on Twitter as compared to tourism or artistic terms, commonly used in general publications. Aquesta investigacio s’emmarca dins de la Catedra de Estudios Cofrades, Culturales, Sociales y Economicos de la Semana Santa Malaguena, l’objectiu principal de la qual es fomentar el coneixement en profunditat de la Setmana Santa a Malaga. L’article reflecteix com les xarxes socials, Twitter en especial, es converteixen en un nou suport per a la transmissio de valors i creences religioses, apropant la tradicio a l’interactiu, gracies a exemples com la Jornada Mundial de la Joventut de Madrid, el perfil de Benet XVI o el cas concret de Sor Lucia Caram a Espanya. L’estudi tracta de confirmar la hipotesi que els mitjans de comunicacio locals fan un esforc especial a Twitter per donar cobertura a aquest esdeveniment conservant-ne l’essencia religiosa pel que fa a la seleccio de paraules. La metodologia s’ha basat en una analisi de contingut dels tuits publicats al timeline de nou perfils de Twitter dels mitjans locals mes rellevants: tres emissores de radio, tres cadenes de televisio i tres diaris. La data de la seleccio dels continguts ha estat durant la Setmana Santa del 13 al 20 d’abril i se n’han creat tres categories de termes: religiosos, turistics i artistics.
Psychometric Testing of Self-efficacy for Partnership Scale: An Example of Instrument Development

W idely used in self-management and health promotion research, the concept of self-efficacy (SE), a person’s belief or confidence in his/ her ability to perform activities that influence events affecting his/her life, is important in nursing. Albert Bandura, who proposed SE as part of his larger Social Cognitive Theory, suggested that people who believed that they could master tasks were in fact more apt to master them. According to Social Cognitive Theory, lack of confidence in one’s ability to complete certain tasks is a barrier to tackling them. Self-efficacy or lack of it may also explain why people are or are not successfully completing certain activities. For example, levels of SE might in part explain why one student nurse is able to succeed in placing a Foley catheter, whereas another struggles with the task. Self-efficacy can be fostered in several ways: via successful performance of an activity,watching others perform that activity, symbolizing activities (through reflection, rehearsing, and predicting outcomes), and through social persuasion or listening to others talk about that activity. Theoretically, SE can support behavior change interventions by providing themechanisms that influence behavior. For example, a researcher using an SE basis for his/her intervention would construct the intervention to include knowledge building, symbolizing activities such as rehearsing the activity. Self-efficacy is task-specific and distinct from selfconfidence, a concept that refers to a person’s overall state of confidence. Thus, it is impossible to obtain a single, global measure representing a person’s SE, and the use of a general SE scale is inappropriate. Rather, SE must be measured on a scale that is specific to the behavior under study. To accurately measure SE, scales must be developed carefully and demonstrate evidence of reliability and validity. Most SE measurement instruments ask respondents to rate their confidence in being able to complete a certain task using Likert-type scales. For example, in an SE instrument specific to those self-managing epilepsy, DiIorio et al utilized a root phrase and then added specific selfmanagement tasks. The scale includes the root ‘‘I can alwaysI’’ followed by a specific task. Respondents then rate each item from 1 (‘‘I can’t do at all’’) to 10 (‘‘Sure I can do’’). Other researchers have used such roots as ‘‘I have confidence that I can’’ with similar numerals. The subject of this article is the development of an SE-forpartnership scale used to measure parents’ confidence that they could build partnerships with professionals (health care and educational) working with their children with epilepsy. The instrument was developed to measure the outcomes of the Creating Avenues for Parent Partnership (CAPP) intervention.
Regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis: current concepts and controversies

Glutathione (GSH) is an important intracellular peptide with multiple functions ranging from antioxidant defense to modulation of cell proliferation. GSH is synthesized in the cytosol of all mammalian cells in a tightly regulated manner. The major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine, the sulfur amino acid precursor, and the activity of the rate‐limiting enzyme, γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). In the liver, major factors that determine the availability of cysteine are diet, membrane transport activities of the three sulfur amino acids cysteine, cystine and methionine, and the conversion of methionine to cysteine via the trans‐sulfuration pathway. Many conditions alter GSH level via changes in GCS activity and GCS gene expression. These include oxidative stress, activators of Phase II detoxifying enzymes, antioxidants, drug‐resistant tumor cell lines, hormones, cell proliferation, and diabetes mellitus. Since the molecular cloning of GCS, much has been learned about the regulation of this enzyme. Both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional mechanisms modulate the activity of this critical cellular enzyme. —Lu, S. C. Regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis: current concepts and controversies. FASEB J. 13, 1169–1183 (1999)
Subcellulosome preparation with high cellulase activity from Clostridium thermocellum

We have prepared a much simpler cellulase preparation than that of cellulosomes from the extracellular broth of Clostridium thermocellum. This "subcellulosome" preparation from C. thermocellum was obtained by column chromatography on CM-Bio-Gel A and then on a lectin-affinity material (Jacalin). The subcellulosome preparation is a macromolecular complex, composed of six main protein subunits (molecular weight, 210,000 to 58,000) revealed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and Avicelase are 15- and 8-fold-higher, respectively, than those of crude extracellular cellulase. We could not further fractionate this preparation without denaturing it. The optimum pH and temperature of the subcellulosome preparation are 5.5 to 7.0 and 70 degrees C for CMCase and 5.5 to 7.0 and 65 degrees C for Avicelase. The subcellulosome preparation acted on various types of carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside but not on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside. Sulfhydryl reagents and N-bromosuccinimide inhibited both CMCase and Avicelase activities, whereas EDTA and o-phenanthroline inhibited Avicelase activity only.
Load balancing packets on a tile-based massive multi-core processor with S-NUCA

In massive tile-based multi-core architectures, it is important that the execution of the packets of a particular flow takes place in a set of cores physically close to each other in order to minimize the average latency to the common data structures across the local caches of the different cores. An static NUCA implementation provides a substrate for a cost-effective implementation of a cache sharing mechanism. However, a careful mapping of the different data structures in the system's memory, along with a smart load-balancing mechanism of the packets to the different cores, is fundamental in order to avoid long latencies to remote data. This work proposes a methodology for load balancing packets to cores in an S-NUCA tile-based architecture with a large number of cores.
On interactive encoding and decoding for distributed lossless coding of individual sequences

Distributed near lossless coding of individual sequences X and Y is considered, where X and Y are first encoded separately and then sent to a joint decoder. Unlike distributed near lossless coding of correlated random sources, the joint decoder in distributed coding of individual sequences does not help at all. In other words, the minimum numbers of bits to be sent from X and Y respectively to the joint decoder are the same as in two independent, parallel systems where X and Y are encoded separately and decoded separately. In this paper, however, we show that by using interactive encoding and decoding where the joint decoder is allowed to interact with both separate encoders, the minimum number of total bits to be exchanged between the joint decoder and two separate encoders for each and every pair of individual sequences X and Y is the same as in the system where X and Y are jointly encoded and then jointly decoded, while X and Y can be recovered by the joint decoder in a near lossless manner.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Identification of Human GnIH Homologs, RFRP-1 and RFRP-3, and the Cognate Receptor, GPR147 in the Human Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

The existence of a hypothalamic gonadotropin-inhibiting system has been elusive. A neuropeptide named gonadotropin- inhibitory hormone (GnIH, SIKPSAYLPLRF-NH 2 ) which directly inhibits gonadotropin synthesis and release from the pituitary was recently identified in quail hypothalamus. Here we identify GnIH homologs in the human hypothalamus and characterize their distribution and biological activity. GnIH homologs were isolated from the human hypothalamus by immunoaffinity purification, and then identified as MPHSFANLPLRF-NH 2 (human RFRP-1) and VPNLPQRF-NH 2 (human RFRP-3) by mass spectrometry. Immunocytochemistry revealed GnIH-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies in the dorsomedial region of the hypothalamus with axonal projections to GnRH neurons in the preoptic area as well as to the median eminence. RT-PCR and subsequent DNA sequencing of the PCR products identified human GnIH receptor (GPR147) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus as well as in the pituitary. In situ hybridization further identified the expression of GPR147 mRNA in luteinizing hormone producing cells (gonadotropes). Human RFRP-3 has recently been shown to be a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin secretion in cultured sheep pituitary cells by inhibiting Ca 2 + mobilization. It also directly modulates GnRH neuron firing. The identification of two forms of GnIH (RFRP-1 and RFRP-3) in the human hypothalamus which targets human GnRH neurons and gonadotropes and potently inhibit gonadotropin in sheep models provides a new paradigm for the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in man and a novel means for manipulating reproductive functions.
Effects of Mechano-Electric Feedback on Scroll Wave Stability in Human Ventricular Fibrillation

Recruitment of stretch-activated channels, one of the mechanisms of mechano-electric feedback, has been shown to influence the stability of scroll waves, the waves that underlie reentrant arrhythmias. However, a comprehensive study to examine the effects of recruitment of stretch-activated channels with different reversal potentials and conductances on scroll wave stability has not been undertaken; the mechanisms by which stretch-activated channel opening alters scroll wave stability are also not well understood. The goals of this study were to test the hypothesis that recruitment of stretch-activated channels affects scroll wave stability differently depending on stretch-activated channel reversal potential and channel conductance, and to uncover the relevant mechanisms underlying the observed behaviors. We developed a strongly-coupled model of human ventricular electromechanics that incorporated human ventricular geometry and fiber and sheet orientation reconstructed from MR and diffusion tensor MR images. Since a wide variety of reversal potentials and channel conductances have been reported for stretch-activated channels, two reversal potentials, −60 mV and −10 mV, and a range of channel conductances (0 to 0.07 mS/µF) were implemented. Opening of stretch-activated channels with a reversal potential of −60 mV diminished scroll wave breakup for all values of conductances by flattening heterogeneously the action potential duration restitution curve. Opening of stretch-activated channels with a reversal potential of −10 mV inhibited partially scroll wave breakup at low conductance values (from 0.02 to 0.04 mS/µF) by flattening heterogeneously the conduction velocity restitution relation. For large conductance values (>0.05 mS/µF), recruitment of stretch-activated channels with a reversal potential of −10 mV did not reduce the likelihood of scroll wave breakup because Na channel inactivation in regions of large stretch led to conduction block, which counteracted the increased scroll wave stability due to an overall flatter conduction velocity restitution.
World ocean simulation system (WOSS): a simulation tool for underwater networks with realistic propagation modeling

Network simulators are a fundamental tool for the performance evaluation of protocols and applications in complex scenarios, which would be too expensive or infeasible to realize in practice. With the aim to provide a shared environment for the simulation of underwater networks we have adapted the ns2 network simulator to provide a detailed reproduction of the propagation of sound in water (i.e., by means of ray tracing instead of empirical relations). This has been tied to formerly available simulation frameworks (such as the MIRACLE extensions to ns2) to provide a completely customizable tool, including acoustic propagation, physical layer modeling, and cross-layer specification of networking protocols. In this paper, we describe our tool, and use it for a case study involving the comparison of three MAC protocols for underwater networks over different kinds of physical layers. Our results compare the transmission coordination approach chosen by each protocol, and show when it is better to rely on random access, as opposed to loose or tight coordination.
Autoantibodies to opsonins of apoptotic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus

Does anti-serum amyloid P component have any clinical relevance? The major immunological features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) comprise the almost uniform presence of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens and the presence of immune complexes in the blood vessels and tissues, leading to inflammatory reactions. Especially since the studies by Casciola-Rosen and others, the central significance of the process of apoptosis in the aetiology and pathophysiology of SLE is becoming increasingly clear.1 Apoptosis or programmed cell death is the major physiological mechanism by which multicellular organisms can reorganise their cellular composition without letting cells die by necrosis, which would lead to the induction of inflammation. Clearance of apoptotic cells depends on structural changes of the apoptotic cell itself, opsonisation of apoptotic cells by several serum proteins, and binding and subsequent phagocytosis of opsonised apoptotic cells by neighbouring phagocytic cells. These processes have been studied in detail, although many questions still remain about the development and expression of disease in SLE. Apoptosis is usually induced by exogenous stress—for instance, ultraviolet sunlight or deprival of essential growth factors, and leads to the activation of a cascade of proteases (caspases) and other enzymes. This ultimately results in proteolytic cleavage as well as modification of many cellular constituents. Most prominent of these is the chromatin, which contains densely packed DNA in combination with histones and other nuclear proteins, which is cleaved into nucleosomes, the major target of autoantibodies in SLE. At the level of the cell membrane, structural changes result in the extracellular exposure of normally intracellular phospholipids, as well as release (blebbing) of membrane vesicles. Importantly, these vesicles may contain modified or unmodified intracellular and intranuclear proteins that are the target of the autoimmune response in SLE.1 This process leads to the binding of opsonising serum proteins and the subsequent binding to …
Generalized Bregman divergence and gradient of mutual information for vector Poisson channels

We investigate connections between information-theoretic and estimation-theoretic quantities in vector Poisson channel models. In particular, we generalize the gradient of mutual information with respect to key system parameters from the scalar to the vector Poisson channel model. We also propose, as another contribution, a generalization of the classical Bregman divergence that offers a means to encapsulate under a unifying framework the gradient of mutual information results for scalar and vector Poisson and Gaussian channel models. The so-called generalized Bregman divergence is also shown to exhibit various properties akin to the properties of the classical version. The vector Poisson channel model is drawing considerable attention in view of its application in various domains: as an example, the availability of the gradient of mutual information can be used in conjunction with gradient descent methods to effect compressive-sensing projection designs in emerging X-ray and document classification applications.
Electrotactile Display with Real-Time Impedance Feedback Using Pulse Width Modulation

An electrotactile display is a tactile interface composed of skin surface electrodes. The use of such a device is limited by the variability of the elicited sensation. One possible solution to this problem is to monitor skin electrical impedance. Previous studies revealed a correlation between impedance and threshold, but did not construct real-time feedback loops. In this study, an electrotactile display was constructed using a 1.45 μs feedback loop. Real-time pulse width modulation was proposed, and the relationship between skin resistance and absolute threshold was measured to find a function for determining a suitable pulse width from skin resistance. An evaluation experiment revealed that the proposed algorithm suppressed spatial variation and reduced temporal change.
Representation of Sound Objects within Early-Stage Auditory Areas: A Repetition Effect Study Using 7T fMRI

Environmental sounds are highly complex stimuli whose recognition depends on the interaction of top-down and bottom-up processes in the brain. Their semantic representations were shown to yield repetition suppression effects, i. e. a decrease in activity during exposure to a sound that is perceived as belonging to the same source as a preceding sound. Making use of the high spatial resolution of 7T fMRI we have investigated the representations of sound objects within early-stage auditory areas on the supratemporal plane. The primary auditory cortex was identified by means of tonotopic mapping and the non-primary areas by comparison with previous histological studies. Repeated presentations of different exemplars of the same sound source, as compared to the presentation of different sound sources, yielded significant repetition suppression effects within a subset of early-stage areas. This effect was found within the right hemisphere in primary areas A1 and R as well as two non-primary areas on the antero-medial part of the planum temporale, and within the left hemisphere in A1 and a non-primary area on the medial part of Heschl’s gyrus. Thus, several, but not all early-stage auditory areas encode the meaning of environmental sounds.
Replication and Recombination Factors Contributing to Recombination-Dependent Bypass of DNA Lesions by Template Switch

Damage tolerance mechanisms mediating damage-bypass and gap-filling are crucial for genome integrity. A major damage tolerance pathway involves recombination and is referred to as template switch. Template switch intermediates were visualized by 2D gel electrophoresis in the proximity of replication forks as X-shaped structures involving sister chromatid junctions. The homologous recombination factor Rad51 is required for the formation/stabilization of these intermediates, but its mode of action remains to be investigated. By using a combination of genetic and physical approaches, we show that the homologous recombination factors Rad55 and Rad57, but not Rad59, are required for the formation of template switch intermediates. The replication-proficient but recombination-defective rfa1-t11 mutant is normal in triggering a checkpoint response following DNA damage but is impaired in X-structure formation. The Exo1 nuclease also has stimulatory roles in this process. The checkpoint kinase, Rad53, is required for X-molecule formation and phosphorylates Rad55 robustly in response to DNA damage. Although Rad55 phosphorylation is thought to activate recombinational repair under conditions of genotoxic stress, we find that Rad55 phosphomutants do not affect the efficiency of X-molecule formation. We also examined the DNA polymerase implicated in the DNA synthesis step of template switch. Deficiencies in translesion synthesis polymerases do not affect X-molecule formation, whereas DNA polymerase δ, required also for bulk DNA synthesis, plays an important role. Our data indicate that a subset of homologous recombination factors, together with DNA polymerase δ, promote the formation of template switch intermediates that are then preferentially dissolved by the action of the Sgs1 helicase in association with the Top3 topoisomerase rather than resolved by Holliday Junction nucleases. Our results allow us to propose the choreography through which different players contribute to template switch in response to DNA damage and to distinguish this process from other recombination-mediated processes promoting DNA repair.