Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A zero-overhead implicit error correction nVoD schema for scalable video in wireless mesh networks

In a previous paper we presented a new near Video on Demand (nVoD) schema with error correcting capabilities, without any bandwidth overhead. In this paper, we compare this schema with the recent proposal by Jenkac in order to determine which one has better characteristics to be used on wireless mesh networks. After this, we extend our schema to support scalable video, allowing clients to adapt video quality in the case of unrecoverable errors. If the lowest quality layer is available, continuous playback is guaranteed. Finally, we analyze our nVoD schema on wireless mesh networks with unpredictable behavior, so that the clients can select the most adequate video quality depending on their context.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL OF NATURAL INFECTION WITH MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS IN WHITE-TAILED DEER

The objective of this study was to develop a suitable experimental model of natural Mycobacterium bovis infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), describe the distribution and character of tuberculous lesions, and to examine possible routes of disease transmission. In October 1997, 10 mature female white-tailed deer were inoculated by intratonsilar instillation of 2 × 103 (low dose) or 2 × 105 (high dose) colony forming units (CFU) of M. bovis. In January 1998, deer were euthanatized, examined, and tissues were collected 84 to 87 days post inoculation. Possible routes of disease transmission were evaluated by culture of nasal, oral, tonsilar, and rectal swabs at various times during the study. Gross and microscopic lesions consistent with tuberculosis were most commonly seen in medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes and lung in both dosage groups. Other tissues containing tuberculous lesions included tonsil, trachea, liver, and kidney as well as lateral retropharyngeal, mandibular, parotid, tracheobronchial, mediastinal, hepatic, mesenteric, superficial cervical, and iliac lymph nodes. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from tonsilar swabs from 8 of 9 deer from both dosage groups at least once 14 to 87 days after inoculation. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from oral swabs 63 and 80 days after inoculation from one of three deer in the low dose group and none of four deer in the high dose group. Similarly, M. bovis was isolated from nasal swabs 80 and 85 days after inoculation in one of three deer from the low dose group and 63 and 80 days after inoculation from two of four deer in the high dose group. Intratonsilar inoculation with M. bovis results in lesions similar to those seen in naturally infected white-tailed deer; therefore, it represents a suitable model of natural infection. These results also indicate that M. bovis persists in tonsilar crypts for prolonged periods and can be shed in saliva and nasal secretions. These infected fluids represent a likely route of disease transmission to other animals or humans.
Growth in emission transfers via international trade from 1990 to 2008

Despite the emergence of regional climate policies, growth in global CO2 emissions has remained strong. From 1990 to 2008 CO2 emissions in developed countries (defined as countries with emission-reduction commitments in the Kyoto Protocol, Annex B) have stabilized, but emissions in developing countries (non-Annex B) have doubled. Some studies suggest that the stabilization of emissions in developed countries was partially because of growing imports from developing countries. To quantify the growth in emission transfers via international trade, we developed a trade-linked global database for CO2 emissions covering 113 countries and 57 economic sectors from 1990 to 2008. We find that the emissions from the production of traded goods and services have increased from 4.3 Gt CO2 in 1990 (20% of global emissions) to 7.8 Gt CO2 in 2008 (26%). Most developed countries have increased their consumption-based emissions faster than their territorial emissions, and non–energy-intensive manufacturing had a key role in the emission transfers. The net emission transfers via international trade from developing to developed countries increased from 0.4 Gt CO2 in 1990 to 1.6 Gt CO2 in 2008, which exceeds the Kyoto Protocol emission reductions. Our results indicate that international trade is a significant factor in explaining the change in emissions in many countries, from both a production and consumption perspective. We suggest that countries monitor emission transfers via international trade, in addition to territorial emissions, to ensure progress toward stabilization of global greenhouse gas emissions.
A view selection algorithm with performance guarantee

A view selection algorithm takes as input a fact table and computes a set of views to store in order to speed up queries. The performance of view selection algorithm is usually measured by three criteria: (1) the amount of memory to store the selected views, (2) the query response time and (3) the time complexity of this algorithm. The two first measurements deal with the output of the algorithm. No existing solutions give good trade-off between amount of memory and queries cost with a small time complexity. We propose in this paper an algorithm guaranteeing a constant approximation factor of queries response time with respect to the optimal solution. Moreover, the time complexity for a D-dimensional fact table is O (D * 2D) corresponding to the fastest known algorithm. We provide an experimental comparison with two other well known algorithms showing that our approach also gives good performance in terms of memory.
Write Scheme Allowing Reduced LRS Nonlinearity Requirement in a 3D-RRAM Array With Selector-Less 1TNR Architecture

A 3-D resistive random access memory potentially offers lowest cost per bit and highest bit density memory architecture without the use of transistors in the array. However, without the use of selectors attached to each cell in the array, sneak currents are a key concern, causing signal errors, and excess power dissipation. A nonlinear LRS helps to resolve the issue, but to date, reported LRS nonlinearity values are still insufficient. In this letter, we describe how a 1TNR architecture may be designed and operated to take more advantage of the HRS rather than the LRS nonlinearity, allowing sneak currents to be minimized during write operations, without the use of cell selectors. We show how a recently studied TaOx/HfOx device with highly nonlinear ( ~ 105) HRS can be used in block sizes up to 256 Mb without selectors in a 1T8R architecture with a 25% current margin.
Monetary Policy , Global Liquidity and Commodity Prices

This paper examines the interactions between money, interest rates, goods and commodity prices at a global level. For this purpose, we aggregate data for major OECD countries and follow the Johansen/Juselius cointegrated VAR approach. Our empirical model supports the view that, when controlling for interest rate changes and thus different monetary policy stances, money (defined as a global liquidity aggregate) is still a key factor to determine the long-run homogeneity of commodity prices and goods prices movements. The cointegrated VAR model fits with the data for the analysed period from the 1970s until 2008 very well. Our empirical results appear to be overall robust since they pass inter alia a series of recursive tests and are stable for varying compositions of the commodity indices. The empirical evidence is in line with theoretical considerations. The inclusion of commodity prices helps to identify a significant monetary transmission process from global liquidity to other macro variables such as goods prices. We find further support of the conjecture that monetary aggregates convey useful information about variables such as commodity prices which matter for aggregate demand and thus inflation. Given this clear empirical pattern it appears justified to argue that global liquidity merits attention in the same way as the worldwide level of interest rates received in the recent debate about the world savings and liquidity glut as one of the main drivers of the current financial crisis, if not possibly more.
Power Posing

Humans and other animals express power through open, expansive postures, and they express powerlessness through closed, contractive postures. But can these postures actually cause power? The results of this study confirmed our prediction that posing in high-power nonverbal displays (as opposed to low-power nonverbal displays) would cause neuroendocrine and behavioral changes for both male and female participants: High-power posers experienced elevations in testosterone, decreases in cortisol, and increased feelings of power and tolerance for risk; low-power posers exhibited the opposite pattern. In short, posing in displays of power caused advantaged and adaptive psychological, physiological, and behavioral changes, and these findings suggest that embodiment extends beyond mere thinking and feeling, to physiology and subsequent behavioral choices. That a person can, by assuming two simple 1-min poses, embody power and instantly become more powerful has real-world, actionable implications.
“Digital Travelling Wave” a computational electromagnetic technique

Assuming that the electromagnetic energy propagates as plane wave, this work uses a time domain model for the analysis of a lossless transmission line which is terminated on a short circuit. Steady state results from the said model are provided on three locations of the transmission line. It requires less computing storage compared to the FDTD.
Impact of Lithospheric Strength Distribution on India‐Eurasia Deformation From 3‐D Geodynamic Models

Models for continental lithospheric strength are not well resolved due to a lack of direct measurement; however, numerical simulations provide means for evaluating the physicality of endmember cases. We simulate the 3‐D dynamics of continental lithosphere within the India‐Eurasia collision zone and compare results to observed deformation. Three‐dimensional lithospheric deformation is approximated with creeping flow in a layered spherical cap. We partition strength with depth according to endmember models, using laterally varying estimates of vertically averaged effective viscosity to constrain the absolute values of 3‐D viscosity in the upper crustal and mantle layers. Comparisons between dynamic solutions and observed geophysical data indicate: (1) Deformation within the subducted Indian slab is required to simulate uplift along the entire Himalayan front with 1022 Pa·s representing an upper bound for slab strength. (2) Along‐strike variations in crustal strength are necessary to match surface observations. (3) Balance of gravitational forces acting on Tibetan lithosphere with a weak lower crust are able to replicate observed vertical deformation patterns. A west‐to‐east decrease in the lateral extent of the underthrust Indian slab is required for reproducing observed surface motions in Tibet. Geodynamic simulations yield subsidence in southern Qiangtang and Southeast Asia consistent with global positioning system‐derived dilatation. We note a trade‐off between upper crustal strength and surface velocity rotation around the Eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Simulations with stronger upper crust replicate velocities in western Tibet but not the east, while those with weaker upper crust produce observed rotation in eastern Tibet but overpredict magnitudes to the west.
Terminal addition, the Cambrian radiation and the Phanerozoic evolution of bilaterian form

Summary We examine terminal addition, the process of addition of serial elements in a posterior subterminal growth zone during animal development, across modern taxa and fossil material. We argue that terminal addition was the basal condition in Bilateria, and that modification of terminal addition was an important component of the rapid Cambrian evolution of novel bilaterian morphology. We categorize the often‐convergent modifications of terminal addition from the presumed ancestral condition. Our focus on terminal addition and its modification highlights trends in the history of animal evolution evident in the fossil record. These trends appear to be the product of departure from the initial terminal addition state, as is evident in evolutionary patterns within‐fossil groups such as trilobites, but is also more generally related to shifts in types of morphologic change through the early Phanerozoic. Our argument is contingent on dates of metazoan divergence that are roughly convergent with the first appearance of metazoan fossils in the latest Proterozoic and Cambrian, as well as on an inference of homology of terminal addition across bilaterian Metazoa.
Project JXTA: A Technology Overview

• First, no single search engine or portal can locate and catalog the ever-increasing amount of information on the Web in a timely way. Moreover, a huge amount of information is transient and not subject to capture by techniques such as Web crawling. For example, according to research 1 , the world produces two exabytes or about 2x10 18 bytes of information every year, but only publishes about 300 terabytes or about 3x10 12 bytes. In other words, for every megabyte of information produced, only one byte gets published. Moreover, Google claims that it searches about only 1.3x10 8 web pages. Thus, finding useful information in real time is increasingly difficult.
DETERMINACIÓN PRELIMINAR DE COMPONENTES DE RENDIMIENTO PARA EL CULTIVO DE VAINILLA (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) EN LA REGIÓN TOTONACAPAN, MÉXICO

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) is one of the most important commercial tropical crops originating in Mexico, however in the last 25 years the volume ofproduction and the yield of the crop have diminished considerably. Current knowledge about technological packages for the cultivation of vanilla; just as traditional knowledge about production systems, is very limited. But information on the components that determine vanilla yields thatcould be addressed through agricultural management is even smaller. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze variables and factorsthat affect the yield of the vanilla crop in the Totonacapan region, Mexico. Two vanilla genotypes Q1 and Q6 were evaluated, the Q6 wasstudied in two sites. 28 agronomic variables associated with yield were analyzed. A biplot Principal Component Analysis was carried out, withthe purpose to identify the relationship level between the grouping of individual plants and yield variables. The results allowed to identify threeperformance profiles (PR) in the evaluated germplasm. It was observed that the profiles of higher yield and fruit quality associated with the Q6,independently of the locality, are correlated with less health and higher levels of fruit fall. While in the most wild material Q1, a profile with loweryield values was distinguished, but with low levels of fruit fall and higher health parameters.
Neonatal capsaicin treatment modulates experience‐dependent plasticity in the rat barrel cortex

Previous studies have reported that capsaicin‐induced C‐fiber depletion results in expansion of low threshold somatosensory mechanoreceptive fields. Here we used this paradigm to investigate its effect on experience‐dependent plasticity in the barrel cortex of rats. All but the D2 vibrissa were first plucked on postnatal day 0 (P0), P5, or P8, and kept plucked for a period of 30 days before being allowed to regrow for 7–9 days prior to the recording session. To assess receptive field characteristics the spared D2 principal whisker (PW) and the deprived D1 adjacent whisker (AW) were moved either singly or in concert, neuronal responses being recorded in layers IV and V of the D2 barrel. In vehicle‐treated rats, PW‐evoked ON responses (layer IV) were increased only in those animals that first had their vibrissae plucked on P0, whereas AW‐evoked ON responses (layers IV and V) were decreased in the P0, P5, and P8 groups. In the capsaicin‐treated animals, PW‐evoked ON responses (layer IV) were increased in all three groups, but no decrease was recorded in the AW‐evoked ON (layers IV and V) responses. In the vehicle‐ and capsaicin‐treated animals, the greatest decrease in inhibitory interactions was observed in the P5 and P0 groups, respectively. These findings indicate that, following the induction of experience‐dependent plasticity, the resultant changes in excitatory and integrative circuits can be further influenced by C‐fiber depletion. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3427–3438, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discovering Subtle Word Relations in Large German Corpora

With an increasing amount of text data available it is possible to automatically extract a variety of information about language. One way to obtain knowledge about subtle relations and analogies between words is to observe words which are used in the same context. Recently, Mikolov et al. proposed a method to efficiently compute Euclidean word representations which seem to capture subtle relations and analogies between words in the English language. We demonstrate that this method also captures analogies in the German language. Furthermore, we show that we can transfer information extracted from large non-annotated corpora into small annotated corpora, which are then, in turn, used for training NLP systems.
An efficient and secure two-party key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps

Secure communication is a matter of genuine concern that includes means whereby entities can share information without a third party's interception. Key agreement protocols are one of the common approaches in which two or more parties can agree upon a key, which precludes undesired third parties from forcing a key choice on them. Over the past decade, chaos-based key agreement protocols have been studied and employed widely. Recently, Yoon and Jeon proposed a novel key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps and claimed security and practicality for their protocol. We find that Yoon-Jeon's protocol suffers certain issues: (1) It introduces a trusted third party whose very presence increases the implementation cost. (2) requires a multiplicity of encryption/decryption computations and (3) does not protect the user's anonymity. In order to overcome these problems, we present an enhanced key agreement protocol with user anonymity. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol is efficient and resists current attacks.
Multl-Language Text Indexing for Internet Retrieval

We address here the issues associated with indexing multilingual collections of information, as is found for example on the internet. We examine in particular the task of language identification and the use of stemming algorithms for several European languages. We also present the lessons we have learned from our experience in using the SPIDER information retrieval system as a search engine over the intranet of the ETH Zurich; a multilingual intranet which contains documents in English, French, German and Italian.
Towards biologically realistic multi-compartment neuron model emulation in analog VLSI

We present a new concept for multi-compartment emulation on neuromorphic hardware based on the BrainScaleS wafer-scale system. The implementation features complex dendrite routing capabilities, real- istic scaling of compartmental parameters and active spike propagation. Simulations proof the circuit's capability of reproducing passive dendritic properties of a model from literature.
Memory and Motor Skill Components of the WAIS-III Digit Symbol-Coding Subtest

We examined motor skill and memory components of the Digit Symbol-Coding subtest of the WAIS-III in a clinical sample. Research using previous versions of the WAIS in non-clinical samples has suggested that the age-related decline in Digit Symbol-Coding scores is more related to motor ability rather than to the memory requirements of the test. Our results extend this conclusion to a clinical sample, using the WAIS-III. Copy scores measure motor skill on the Digit Symbol-Coding subtest, and Incidental Learning scores (Free Recall and Pairing) measure memory. A large proportion of Digit Symbol-Coding variance was explained by Copy scores with Incidental Learning scores controlled, but Incidental Learning scores explained little additional variance when Copy scores were controlled. The same pattern was found when we used the Immediate Memory and General Memory Indexes from the Wechsler Memory Scale-III as independent measures of memory.
Adaptive Proportional Flow Routing in Optical Burst Switching Networks

In this paper, we investigate the problem of multipath dynamic traffic routing in optical burst switching (OBS) networks. In this work, traffic is split among the multiple link-disjoint paths between each source and destination pair. Taking into consideration the packet reordering problem, we propose a new adaptive proportional routing scheme that operates on flow level. The objective of the proposed scheme is to reduce the overall burst loss in the network and at the same time avoid the packet out-of-sequence arrival problem. This is achieved by adaptively adjusting the traffic flow proportions assigned to the multiple paths between a source and destination pair based on the measurement of the impact of the offered traffic load on each of them in the past. When a new flow arrives, an appropriate path is chosen for it based on the calculated flow proportions. In addition, burst assembly time between different paths can also be adjusted to further enhance the performance. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed flow-based multi-path traffic routing approach not only provides significantly better burst loss performance than the basic equal-proportion and hop-length based traffic routing algorithms, but is also void of any packet re-orderings.
Topography Controls the Abundance of Siberian Larch Forest

Larch trees are the dominant elements of coniferous forests in Eastern Siberia, and its abundance largely depends on local hydrological conditions, which are predominantly mediated by topographic properties at the 100 m scale. The present study evaluated how geographic heterogeneity of the larch forest is formed with a special focus on topography and its related environmental heterogeneity. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted for larch‐dominated areas to aggregate the geographic correlations among environmental variables, namely, topographic properties, flooding risk, and climatic variables. In the PCA, the first three principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) explained the 63.6% of geographical heterogeneity of environmental variables. PC1, PC2, and PC3 were tightly correlated with the environmental gradient along latitude, soil water holding capacity, and slope aspect, respectively. Employing these first three PCs as independent variables, a multiple regression equation was calculated to explain geographic heterogeneity of larch LAI. The multiple regression equation extracted trends that the larch LAI becomes higher for environmental conditions of (1) lower latitude, (2) higher soil water holding capacity until a certain threshold, and (3) south‐faced slope. The 2 × 2 contingency tables of inundation risks and presence of larch forest showed that larch forests avoid areas threatened by flooding. These results suggest that topographic properties, besides climatic environment, control the abundance of larch forest via both drought and flooding stresses in Eastern Siberia.