Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Components of CEO Transformational Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility

abstract We use transformational leadership theory to explore the role of CEOs in determining the extent to which their firms engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR). We test this theory using data from 56 US and Canadian firms. CEO intellectual stimulation (but not CEO charismatic leadership) is found to be significantly associated with the propensity of the firm to engage in ‘strategic’ CSR, or those CSR activities that are most likely to be related to the firm's corporate and business‐level strategies. Thus, studies that ignore the role of leadership in CSR may yield imprecise conclusions regarding the antecedents and consequences of these activities. We also critique transformational leadership theory, in terms of its overemphasis on charismatic forms of leadership. This leads to a reconceptualization of transformational leadership, which emphasizes the intellectual stimulation component in the context of CSR.
A reduced feedback proportional fair multiuser scheduling scheme

Multiuser switched-diversity scheduling schemes were recently proposed in order to overcome the heavy feedback requirements of conventional opportunistic scheduling schemes by applying a threshold-based, distributed and ordered scheduling mechanism. A slight reduction in the prospected multiuser diversity gains is an acceptable trade-off for great savings in terms of required channel-state-information feedback messages. In this work, we propose a novel proportional fair multiuser switched-diversity scheduling scheme and we demonstrate that it can be optimized using a practical and distributed method to obtain the per-user feedback thresholds. We demonstrate by numerical examples that our reduced feedback proportional fair scheduler operates within 0.3 bits/sec/Hz from the achievable rates by the conventional full feedback proportional fair scheduler in Rayleigh fading conditions.
Targeting histone deacetylase in cancer therapy

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is recognized as one of the promising targets for cancer treatment as many HDAC inhibitors have entered clinical trials for both solid and liquid tumors. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of HDAC inhibitors remain elusive. Although they have been shown to regulate the transcription of a defined set of genes through chromatin remodeling, increasing evidence suggests that modifications of the epigenetic histone code may not be the primary mechanism for HDAC inhibitor‐mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells. While histones still represent a primary target for the physiological function of HDACs, the antitumor effect of HDAC inhibitors might also be attributed to transcription‐independent mechanisms by modulating the acetylation status of a series of nonhistone targets. Also noteworthy is the effect of HDAC inhibitors on Akt downregulation through the alteration of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complex formation. To provide an overview of the use of HDAC inhibitors in cancer treatment, this review addresses the following subjects: (1) the physiological relevance of HDAC‐mediated acetylation of histone and nonhistone substrates, (2) the chemical biology of HDACs and development of a novel class of HDAC inhibitors, and (3) the protein acetylation‐independent effect of HDAC inhibitors on the activation status of signaling kinases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 26, No. 4, 397–413, 2006
Congenital heart surgery and acute kidney injury

Purpose of review The incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) continues to increase and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and identification of patients at risk are extremely important. Therefore, identifying associated risk factors, biomarkers for earlier detection, prevention and therapeutic options for CS-AKI warrant special attention. Recent findings The current diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) largely depends upon the functional biomarkers serum creatinine and oliguria leading to delays in diagnosis and worsening outcomes. Novel biomarkers are now being investigated to aid in providing an earlier AKI diagnosis as well as predicting its severity. Combining functional and tubular biomarkers have proven to provide even better prediction of AKI development and severity. Due to the limited therapeutic options available for CS-AKI, it is imperative to identify those patients at risk early to help mitigate worsening or severe AKI; hence, combining biomarkers should be beneficial. Summary It is extremely important to identify those who are at increased risk for CS-AKI with the foremost goal being that of prevention to help decrease morbidity and mortality. Combining functional and tubular biomarkers can assist with early identification. Once identified, early interventions including avoidance of nephrotoxins, decreasing cardiopulmonary bypass time, avoiding fluid overload and early initiation of renal replacement therapy may lead to improved clinical outcomes.
Monetary Growth and Inflation in China: A Reexamination

Abstract Using the notion of cointegration theory and its implied vector error correction modeling strategy, this paper reexamines the relationship between monetary forces and inflation in mainland China. Contrary to most recent research in this area, these results based on unit root and cointegration tests indicate a reliable long-run relationship between the general price level and the money stock, as well as between inflation and monetary growth. Our findings also suggest a bi-directional or feedback relationship between inflation and monetary growth. J. Comp. Econom. , December 1999, 27(4), pp. 669–685. School of Financial Studies and Law, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Pond Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, United Kingdom.
Survey of smart grid concepts, architectures, and technological demonstrations worldwide

This paper describes various smart grid concepts, architectures, and details of associated technological demonstrations implemented worldwide. The survey is based on initiatives taken by EU and IEA (e.g. ETP, EEGI, EERA and IEA DSM) and description of projects conducted in Europe and US (e.g. FENIX, ADDRESS, EU-DEEP, ADINE, GridWise and SEESGEN-ICT). The report presents drivers, visions and roadmaps to develop smart grids worldwide including China and India. The survey encompasses various smart grid concepts, i.e. development of virtual power plant, active demand in consumer networks, DER aggregation business, active distribution network, and ICT applications to develop intelligent future grids. The comparison is carried out on the basis of commercial, technological, and regulatory aspects. In addition, the existing features of smart grid technology and challenges faced to implement it in Finnish environment are addressed. As a matter of fact, the implementation of smart grid is consisting of more than any one technology, therefore, this transition will not be so easy. In the end, a fully realized smart grid will be beneficial to all the stakeholders. Smart grid will be an outcome of an evolutionary development of the existing electricity networks towards an optimized and sustainable energy system.
Genomic and physiological analyses of ‘Reinekea forsetii’ reveal a versatile opportunistic lifestyle during spring algae blooms

Gammaproteobacterial Reinekea spp. were detected during North Sea spring algae blooms in the years 2009-2012, with relative abundances of up to 16% in the bacterioplankton. Here, we explore the ecophysiology of 'R. forsetii' strain Hel1_31_D35 that was isolated during the 2010 spring bloom using (i) its manually annotated, high-quality closed genome, (ii) re-analysis of in situ data from the 2009-2012 blooms and (iii) physiological tests. High resolution analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that 'R. forsetii' dominated Reinekea populations during these blooms. This was corroborated by retrieval of almost complete Hel1_31_D35 genomes from 2009 and 2010 bacterioplankton metagenomes. Strain Hel1_31_D35 can use numerous low-molecular weight substrates including diverse sugar monomers, and few but relevant algal polysaccharides such as mannan, α-glucans, and likely bacterial peptidoglycan. It oxidizes thiosulfate to sulfate, and ferments under anoxic conditions. The strain can attach to algae and thrives at low phosphate concentrations as they occur during blooms. Its genome encodes RTX toxin and secretion proteins, and in cultivation experiments Hel1_31_D35 crude cell extracts inhibited growth of a North Sea Polaribacter strain. Our data suggest that the combination of these traits make strain Hel1_31_D35 a versatile opportunist that is particularly competitive during spring phytoplankton blooms.
Experimental Evidence on the Role of Tax Complexity in Investment Decisions

Past behavioral research has demonstrated that complexity in determining one's marginal tax rate can produce systematic decision errors in single‐person investment settings in which individuals must choose between investments with different after‐tax returns. In this paper, we examine the degree to which such a phenomenon exists when investments are made in competitive markets. More specifically, we conduct a series of oral double‐auctions in which buyer profits are taxed and in which we manipulate the complexity required for buyers to arrive at their marginal tax rates. Our two main results are as follows. First, tax complexity leads to systematically (and inefficiently) high trading prices and quantities in these markets, which jointly limits the amount of wealth created, and leads to systematic wealth transfers between market participants and to the taxing authority. Second, these effects generally diminish over the course of the experiment, but do not disappear entirely. The latter result suggests tha.
Formal Verification of a Subset of Information

SUMMARY Information-Based Access Control (IBAC) has been proposed as an improvement to History-Based Access Control (HBAC) model. In modern component-based systems, these access control models verify that all the code responsible for a security-sensitive operation is su ﬃ ciently authorized to execute that operation. The HBAC model, although safe, may incorrectly prevent the execution of operations that should be executed. The IBAC has been shown to be more precise than HBAC maintaining its safety level while allowing su ﬃ ciently authorized operations to be executed. However the veriﬁcation problem of IBAC program has not been discussed. This paper presents a formal model for IBAC programs based on extended weighted pushdown systems (EWPDS). The mapping process between the IBAC original semantics and the EWPDS structure is described. Moreover, the veriﬁcation problem for IBAC programs is discussed and several typical IBAC program examples using our model are implemented. key words
Auditor Quality and the Accuracy of Management Earnings Forecasts

In this study, we appeal to insights and results from Davidson and Neu 1993 and McConomy 1998 to motivate empirical analyses designed to gain a better understanding of the relationship between auditor quality and forecast accuracy. We extend and refine Davidson and Neu's analysis of this relationship by introducing additional controls for business risk and by considering data from two distinct time periods: one in which the audit firm's responsibility respecting the earnings forecast was to provide review-level assurance, and one in which its responsibility was to provide audit-level assurance. Our sample data consist of Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) initial public offerings (IPOs). The earnings forecast we consider is the one-year-ahead management earnings forecast included in the IPO offering prospectus. The results suggest that after the additional controls for business risk are introduced, the relationship between forecast accuracy and auditor quality for the review-level assurance period is no longer significant. The results also indicate that the shift in regimes alters the fundamental nature of the relationship. Using data from the audit-level assurance regime, we find a negative and significant relationship between forecast accuracy and auditor quality (i.e., we find Big 6 auditors to be associated with smaller absolute forecast errors than non-Big 6 auditors), and further, that the difference in the relationship between the two regimes is statistically significant.
Quantitative X-Ray Imaging of Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Aortas of ApoE−/−/LDL−/− Double Knockout Mice

Objectives:To determine if hemorrhage into an arterial wall can be detected in CT images by virtue of the iron content. Materials and Methods:Aortas from male apoE−/−/LDL−/− mice (n = 31) were infused in situ with contrast agent, for micro-CT scanning and histology. Roentgen-opacities within the aortic walls were identified by histology and micro-x-ray fluorescence to be iron or calcium. Dual-energy scanning was performed at 2 energy levels using synchrotron-based micro-CT [(2 &mgr;m)3 voxels, 16 and 20 keV] and 64-slice CT (0.4 × 0.4 × 0.6 mm voxels, 80 and 120 kVp). Results:Opacities were identified as hemorrhage-related clusters of multiple punctate deposits, containing both Fe (0.48 × 10−12 g/voxel) and Ca (3.18 × 10−2 g/voxel), or as isolated confluent accumulations of exclusively calcium. Subtraction of the dual-energy CT scans discriminated iron from calcium deposits. Conclusion:Detection and quantification of iron deposits in hemorrhaged atherosclerotic lesions is feasible by dual-energy CT imaging.
A Cross‐Cultural Comparison of the Plural Forms in Franchise Networks: United States, France, and Brazil**

This paper explores the phenomenon of plural forms (i.e., the simultaneous coexistence of franchised and company‐owned outlets, operationally, the proportion of company‐owned units in franchise systems based on literature, in franchising across three countries from three continents, namely the United States, France, and Brazil in what is ostensibly the first cross‐cultural comparison of its kind. Based on 2003 secondary data, we carry out a series of inferentially grounded analyses involving the plural forms phenomenon from an exploratory perspective. Though subsequently, comparative regression models are also evaluated using eight purported determinants of the use of the plural forms, the essential character of the paper remains essentially exploratory. The results show that the proportion of company‐owned outlets is almost three times greater in France and Brazil as compared to the United States. We also found that in the U.S. sample, three of the eight predictors significantly predict the occurrence of plural forms (namely, average total required investment and cash liquidity requirement have a negative impact, and company age has a positive impact); the French model was not statistically significant, whereas in the Brazilian sample, two predictors influence the plural forms phenomenon (i.e., total network size has a positive significant effect and incidence of internationalization has a significant negative impact).
Ipsilateral cortical connections of granular frontal cortex in the strepsirhine primate Galago, with comparative comments on anthropoid primates

Modern studies of granular frontal cortex (GFC) in large‐brained, anthropoid primates, such as Macaca, indicate that this region is comprised of many areal subdivisions. These areas vary in their architectonic appearance and each has a distinctive, diverse set of corticocortical connections. The great extent of the GFC region in anthropoids, and its high degree of areal parcellation, suggest that some GFC areas may be specializations of anthropoids, not found in other mammals. To investigate this possibility, we studied the corticocortical connections of GFC in the relatively small‐brained, strepsirhine primate Galago, with a series of eight tracer injections in the frontal cortex, and an additional eight injections of parietal and temporal cortex. Tracers used were wheat‐germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and tritiated amino acid.
Special Section: Local vs. Global Issues in Electronic Commerce

The web is being heralded as a global marketplace, and globalization is seen as one of the key drivers for the diffusion of electronic commerce (EC). In stark contrast to the enthusiasm for a global electronic marketspace we have collected empirical support for the premise that much web-based commercial activity is regionally focused. Based on a brief introduction of the notion of regions, we will use a reference model for e-commerce in order to gain a rich, multifaceted view of the regional dimensions of e-commerce.
Fatal familial insomnia with an unusual prion protein deposition pattern: an autopsy report with an experimental transmission study

We recently performed a post‐mortem examination on a Japanese patient who had a prion protein gene mutation responsible for fatal familial insomnia (FFI). The patient initially developed cerebellar ataxia, but finally demonstrated insomnia, hyperkinetic delirium, autonomic signs and myoclonus in the late stage of the illness. Histological examination revealed marked neuronal loss in the thalamus and inferior olivary nucleus; however, prion protein (PrP) deposition was not proved in these lesions by immunohistochemistry. Instead, PrP deposition and spongiform change were both conspicuous within the cerebral cortex, whereas particular PrP deposition was also observed within the cerebellar cortex. The abnormal protease‐resistant PrP (PrPres) molecules in the cerebral cortex of this case revealed PrPres type 2 pattern and were compatible with those of FFI cases, but the transmission study demonstrated that a pathogen in this case was different from that in a case with classical FFI. By inoculation with homogenate made from the cerebral cortex, the disease was transmitted to mice, and neuropathological features that were distinguishable from those previously reported were noted. These findings indicate the possibility that a discrete pathogen was involved in the disease in this case. We suggest that not only the genotype of the PrP gene and some other as yet unknown genetic factors, but also the variation in pathogen strains might be responsible for the varying clinical and pathological features of this disease.
An 8-bit, 1-Gsample/s folding-interpolating analog-to-digital converter

This paper deals with the design and implementation of an 8-bit, 1-Gsample/s folding-interpolating analog-to-digital converter using a conventional 0. 5µm self-aligned, double polysilicon bipolar process with maximum unity gain cutoff frequency fTof 25GHz. The high-speed and high-resolution A/D converter has applications in direct IF sampling receivers for wideband communications systems. The converter occupies an area of 2.5mm×3.5mm including bonding pads and exhibits a better than 7-bit ENOB with an input signal frequency of 200MHz and at a sampling rate of 1-Gsample/s. The maximum power dissipation of the ADC is 2.5W using a 5V power supply.
TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND THE RISK OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

in a special seminar (Table 1). Another example is prevention, in which effective communication and establishing a trustful relationship are mandatory to meet the ‘‘unreported needs’’ of older persons. Then, a second round of one-toone supervised student exercises takes place using case vignettes before the seminar is finally discussed together. The dedicated geriatric problem-oriented learning (POL) addresses a complex case vignette (a patient coming into the emergency department after a fall) using the classic sevenstep POL strategy. The bedside teaching is accomplished using a clinical round. Thereafter, students visit individual patients for history taking and physical examination to create a ‘‘problem list’’ and to answer a five-item questionnaire. The examinations consist of a written test based on multiple choice and essay questions, and a 9-minute Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) with volunteer older persons (aged 75). Both examinations must be passed separately ( 60% of each maximum score).
Understanding community development in a “theory of action” framework: Norms, markets, justice

During the Great Recession, community development practitioners in the USA strove to prevent and mitigate mortgage foreclosures and to help people cope with their neighbourhood-level impacts. This paper proposes that three normative theories – theories of action – underlay this activity, as they underlie the practice of neighbourhood regeneration or “community development” planning in the USA in general. These theories of action are based, respectively, on planners' perceived need for the reinstitution of civil norms, capital markets, and social justice in disinvested areas of cities and regions. Each theory links description with prescription, answering both the question “What's going on in this neighbourhood? (and why? )” and the question “What ought to be done to change it? ”. While an outward détente prevails among the “norms”, “markets”, and “justice” approaches, conflicts among them go to the heart of the struggle to find effective, morally acceptable policy responses to environmental deterioration and human deprivation in urban neighbourhoods.
Secure message broadcasting in VANET over Wormhole attack by using cryptographic technique

The Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a special type of MANET in which the nodes are high mobility vehicles. Due to the high mobility of nodes the topology changed very rapidly. Security is the main issue in the VANET due to change in topology. The network is accessible from everywhere in the VANET within the radio range and the malicious node can easily target the network. Wormhole attack is the dangerous attack which can breaks the security of the VANET. In wormhole attack a malicious node can captures messages at one location and tunnels to another malicious node, which replays them locally. In this paper a cryptographic technique (Combination of RSA and symmetric Key) and proposed algorithm are used by which a message (in the form of packets) can be broadcasted from one node to other nodes securely and efficiently. In this technique RSA is used to distribute the shared key and identifier (ID) of nodes, and further broadcasting of messages with ID of node is carried out by the shared key encryption.
Chronic Effects of a Wild Green Oat Extract Supplementation on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial

Background and aim: Preliminary evaluation of a wild green oat extract (WGOE) (Neuravena® ELFA®955, Frutarom, Switzerland) revealed an acute cognitive benefit of supplementation. This study investigated whether regular daily WGOE supplementation would result in sustained cognitive improvements. Method: A 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial of WGOE supplementation (1500 mg/day) versus placebo was undertaken in 37 healthy adults aged 67 ± 0.8 years (mean ± SEM). Cognitive assessments included the Stroop colour-word test, letter cancellation, the rule-shift task, a computerised multi-tasking test battery and the trail-making task. All assessments were conducted in Week 12 and repeated in Week 24 whilst subjects were fasted and at least 18 h after taking the last dose of supplement. Result: Chronic WGOE supplementation did not affect any measures of cognition. Conclusion: It appears that the cognitive benefit of acute WGOE supplementation does not persist with chronic treatment in older adults with normal cognition. It remains to be seen whether sustained effects of WGOE supplementation may be more evident in those with mild cognitive impairment.