Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defeating Crypsis: Detection and Learning of Camouflage Strategies

Camouflage is perhaps the most widespread defence against predators in nature and an active area of interdisciplinary research. Recent work has aimed to understand what camouflage types exist (e.g. background matching, disruptive, and distractive patterns) and their effectiveness. However, work has almost exclusively focused on the efficacy of these strategies in preventing initial detection, despite the fact that predators often encounter the same prey phenotype repeatedly, affording them opportunities to learn to find those prey more effectively. The overall value of a camouflage strategy may, therefore, reflect both its ability to prevent detection by predators and resist predator learning. We conducted four experiments with humans searching for hidden targets of different camouflage types (disruptive, distractive, and background matching of various contrast levels) over a series of touch screen trials. As with previous work, disruptive coloration was the most successful method of concealment overall, especially with relatively high contrast patterns, whereas potentially distractive markings were either neutral or costly. However, high contrast patterns incurred faster decreases in detection times over trials compared to other stimuli. In addition, potentially distractive markings were sometimes learnt more slowly than background matching markings, despite being found more readily overall. Finally, learning effects were highly dependent upon the experimental paradigm, including the number of prey types seen and whether subjects encountered targets simultaneously or sequentially. Our results show that the survival advantage of camouflage strategies reflects both their ability to avoid initial detection (sensory mechanisms) and predator learning (perceptual mechanisms).
Work-Family Conflict, Eating Behaviors, and the Role of Coping

ix Chapter One: Introduction 1 Chapter Two: The WIF Health Mechanism 3 Work-Family Conflict 3 WFC and Health 5 Physical Health Symptoms 6 Health-Related Conditions 6 General Health Status. 7 Health Behaviors: A Link Between WFC and Health Outcomes 7 WFC and Eating: A Case for WIF. 8 Eating Behaviors and Obesity 12 WIF and Coping 14 Alternative Roles of Coping 16 Chapter Three: Crossover of WIF to Child Health 19 Parent Eating and Feeding 20 Current Study 23 ii Chapter Four: Method 26 Participants and Sampling 26 Measures 30 Procedure 33 Piloting. 33 Recruitment. 34 Survey Administration. 35 Incentives. 37 Chapter Five: Results 38 Preliminary Analyses. 38 Hypothesized Operationalization of Variables: Special Considerations 38 On vs. Off Days in Child-Focused Hypotheses. 39 Data Analysis 53 Mother-Focused Hypotheses 54 Hypotheses 1 and 2. 54 Hypothesis 3 54 Hypotheses 4a and 4b 57 Hypotheses 5 and 6. 57 Mother and Child Focused Hypotheses 61 Hypotheses 7 and 8. 61 Hypotheses 9, 10 and 11. 66 Chapter Six: Supplemental Results 77
A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cancer.

BACKGROUND Mutations in the tumor-suppressor gene VHL cause oversecretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by clear-cell renal carcinomas. We conducted a clinical trial to evaluate bevacizumab, a neutralizing antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, phase 2 trial was conducted comparing placebo with bevacizumab at doses of 3 and 10 mg per kilogram of body weight, given every two weeks; the time to progression of disease and the response rate were primary end points. Crossover from placebo to antibody treatment was allowed, and survival was a secondary end point. RESULTS Minimal toxic effects were seen, with hypertension and asymptomatic proteinuria predominating. The trial was stopped after the interim analysis met the criteria for early stopping. With 116 patients randomly assigned to treatment groups (40 to placebo, 37 to low-dose antibody, and 39 to high-dose antibody), there was a significant prolongation of the time to progression of disease in the high-dose--antibody group as compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio, 2.55; P<0.001). There was a small difference, of borderline significance, between the time to progression of disease in the low-dose--antibody group and that in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.26; P=0.053). The probability of being progression-free for patients given high-dose antibody, low-dose--antibody, and placebo was 64 percent, 39 percent, and 20 percent, respectively, at four months and 30 percent, 14 percent, and 5 percent at eight months. At the last analysis, there were no significant differences in overall survival between groups (P>0.20 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Bevacizumab can significantly prolong the time to progression of disease in patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer.
Préparation à la vie autonome et insertion socioprofessionnelle des jeunes pris en charge par l’État : quelles interventions ?

Les adolescents qui entrent dans la vie adulte apres un sejour prolonge dans un milieu substitut sont particulierement vulnerables du fait de leur deficit aux plans de la scolarisation, de l’employabilite et des habiletes de la vie quotidienne en general, d’un manque de preparation a la vie autonome et d’un deficit de liens sociaux. Les pronostics sont souvent sombres quant a leur insertion sociale et professionnelle. Pour corriger cette situation, divers programmes d’intervention visant a developper leur autonomie et leur auto-suffisance (self sufficency) sont mis en place. Il s’agit dans ce texte de faire un etat de la situation des services offerts aux jeunes pris en charge par l’Etat au Quebec pour discuter des avenues les plus prometteuses afin de mieux soutenir le passage a la vie adulte de ces jeunes.
PPDAM: Privacy-Preserving Distributed Association-Rule-Mining Algorithm

Data mining is a process that analyzes voluminous digital data in order to discover hidden but useful patterns from digital data. However, the discovering of such hidden patterns has statistical meaning and may often disclose some sensitive information. As a result, privacy becomes one of the prime concerns in the data-mining research community. Since distributed association mining discovers association rules by combining local models from various distributed sites, breaching data privacy happens more often than it does in centralized environments. In this work, we present a methodology that generates association rules without revealing confidential inputs such as statistical properties of individual sites, and yet retains a high level of accuracy in the resultant rules. One of the important outcomes of the proposed technique is that it reduces the overall communication costs. Performance evaluation of our proposed method shows that it reduces the communication cost significantly when we compare it with other well-known, distributed association-rule-mining algorithms. Nevertheless, the global rule model generated by the proposed method is based on the exact global support of each item set and hence diminishes inconsistency, which indeed occurs when global models are generated from partial support count of an item set.
Hybridation of Labeling Schemes for Efficient Dynamic Updates

With XML as the leading standard for data representation over the Web, it is crucial to store and query XML data. However, relational databases are the dominant database technology in most organizations. Thus, replacing relational database with a pure XML database is not a wise choice. One most prominent solution is to map XML into relational database. This paper introduces a robust labeling scheme which is a hybrid labeling scheme combining the beauty features of extended range and ORDPATH schemes to supports dynamic updates. In addition, we also proposed a mapping scheme based on the hybrid labeling scheme. Our proposed approach is evaluated in terms of (i) loading time, (ii) storage size, (iii) query retrieval time, and (iv) dynamic updates time, as compared to ORDPATH and ME schemes. The experimental evaluation results shows that our proposed approach is scalable to support huge datasets and dynamic updates.
Alternative implementations of hybrid branch predictors

Prefetching has been shown to be one of several effective approaches that can tolerate large memory latencies. In this paper, we consider a prefetch engine called Hare, which handles prefetches at run time and is built in addition to the data pipelining in the on-chip data cache for high-performance processors. The key design is that it is programmable so that techniques of software prefetching can be also employed in exploiting the benefits of prefetching. The engine always launches prefetches ahead of current execution, which is controlled by the program counter. We evaluate the proposed scheme by trace-driven simulation and consider area and cycle time factors for the evaluation of cost-effectiveness. Our performance results show that the prefetch engine can significantly reduce data access penalty with only little prefetching overhead.
Adverse drug events associated with vitamin K antagonists: factors of therapeutic imbalance

Background Adverse drug events (ADE) occur frequently during treatment with vitamin K antagonists (AVK) and contribute to increase hemorrhagic risks. Methods A retrospective study was conducted over a period of 2 years. Patients treated with AVK and admitted to the emergency room of a tertiary care hospital in Beirut were included. The aim of the study was to identify ADE characterized by a high international normalized ratio (INR) and to determine the predictive factors responsible for these events. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS statistical package. Results We included 148 patients. Sixty-seven patients (47.3%) with an INR above the therapeutic range were identified as cases. The control group consisted of 81 patients (54.7%) with an INR within the therapeutic range. Hemorrhagic complications were observed in 53.7% of cases versus 6.2% of controls (P < 0.0001). No significant difference was noticed between cases and controls regarding the indication and the dose of AVK. Patients aged over 75 years were more likely to present an INR above the therapeutic range (58.2%, P = 0.049). Recent infection was present in 40.3% of cases versus 6.2% of controls (P < 0.0001) and hypoalbuminemia in 37.3% of cases versus 6.1% of controls (P < 0.0001). Treatment with antibiotics, amiodarone, and anti-inflammatory drugs were also factors of imbalance (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Many factors may be associated with ADE related to AVK. Monitoring of INR and its stabilization in the therapeutic range are important for preventing these events.
Using Geometric Constraints for Fisheye Camera Calibration 2845

This paper describes an easy technique for fisheye lens calibration using a geometric invariance of the fisheye lens (angle preservation on the X-Y plane). First, a linear equation based on this constraint is proposed for estimating intrinsic/extrinsic parameters. Secondly, a pure rotation for the fisheye camera is applied to recover the depth of the principal plane. At last, distortion parameters are estimated based on least square polynomial fitting. Our method provides a closed form solution and all the parameters can be estimated in the least square sense, which largely reduces the errors created by the existing noise in the measurement. Also, our method can be applied for both circular-imaging and full-frame with a fisheye lens. In comparison with classical techniques, our method does not require precise scene arrangement or any prior information such as the parameters of the lens or the location of the camera center.
Working Memory and Human Cognition

The purpose of this book is to compare and contrast different conceptions of working memory. This is one of the most important notions to have informed cognitive psychology over the last twenty years, and it has been used in a wide variety of ways. This, in part, is because contemporary usage of the phrase “working memory” encapsulates various themes that have appeared at different points in the history of research into human memory and cognition. The book presents three dominant views of working memory.
Integrating Theory and Practice in Clinical Neuropsychology

Contents: T.W. Deacon, Holism and Associationism in Neuropsychology: An Anatomical Synthesis. T.E. Feinberg, S.E. Mazlin, G.E. Waldman, Recovery from Brain Damage: Neurological Considerations. A.F. Mirsky, The Neuropsychology of Attention: Elements of a Complex Behavior. J. Grafman, Plans, Actions, and Mental Sets: Managerial Knowledge Units in the Frontal Lobes. L.S. Cermak, Encoding and Retrieval Deficits of Amnesic Patients. B. Wilson, Coping Strategies for Memory Dysfunction. J.C. Borod, E. Koff, The Neuropsychology of Emotion: Evidence from Normal, Neurological, and Psychiatric Populations. F.C. Goldstein, H.S. Levin, Manifestations of Personality Change After Closed Head Injury. A. Kertesz, Assessing Aphasic Disorders. W. Badecker, A. Caramazza, Neurolinguistic Studies of Morphological Processing: Toward a Theory-Based Assessment of Language Deficit. A. Kotten, Aphasia Theory: A Multidimensional Process. R.C. Katz, Treatment Software for Aphasic Adults. J.M. Mazaux, M. Gagnon, M. Barat, Management of Neuropsychological Impairment After Severe Head Injury. N.F. Cohen, Staying in the Community After a Head Injury. W.G. Rosen, Assessment of Cognitive Disorders in the Elderly. G. Vroman, L. Kellar, I. Cohen, Cognitive Rehabilitation in the Elderly: A Computer-Based Memory Training Program.
Measles virus

Measles was an inevitable infection during the human development with substantial degree of morbidity and mortality. The severity of measles virus (MV) infection was largely contained by the development of a live attenuated vaccine that was introduced into the vaccination programs. However, all efforts to eradicate the disease failed and continued to annually result in significant deaths. The development of molecular biology techniques allowed the rescue of MV from cDNA that enabled important insights into a variety of aspects of the biology of the virus and its pathogenesis. Subsequently these technologies facilitated the development of novel vaccine candidates that induce immunity against measles and other pathogens. Based on the promising prospective, the use of MV as a recombinant vaccine and a therapeutic vector is addressed.
OF HAWKS AND DOVES

The policies toward countries aspiring to acquire nuclear weapons continue to be heavily contested, differing even among countries that consider nuclear proliferation as one of the main threats to international security. This article maps the actual policies of liberal democracies toward Iran and North Korea along a continuum from confrontation to accommodation. Using data from an expert survey, the authors outline four main findings. First, policies toward both Iran and North Korea have become increasingly confrontational over time. Second, no policy convergence was observed among the states studied; that is, notwithstanding the adoption of joint sanctions, differences remained between states preferring confrontation and those opting for accommodation. Third, states maintained remarkably stable policy profiles over time. Finally, despite obvious differences between the norm violations of North Korea and Iran, states generally followed remarkably similar policies toward both countries. The authors’ findings indicate that states exhibit stable preferences for either confrontation or accommodation toward nuclear aspirants. Although a comprehensive examination of the causes of these policy differences is beyond the scope of this article, the authors present evidence that a major cleavage exists between members and non-members of the Non-Aligned Movement, indicating that the degree to which nuclear aspirants’ sovereignty should be respected is a main issue of contention.
Network Approach for Detecting Macroeconomic Instability

In this paper we apply a modified version of the fitness network model of Bianconi-Barabàsi (B-B) with a constant number of nodes, to an economic environment composed by credit and interbank networks. Specifically, we implement a dynamic and heterogeneous fitness measure given by banks liquidity. By coupling together the macroeconomic agent-based model of [2] with the (B-B) fitness model, we aim to analyze the effect of the evolving financial interlink ages on the agents' strategies, driven by the fitness, and the network topology, driven by system temperature. Moreover, we identify the critical threshold where the credit and interbank networks condensate and study the macroeconomic consequences (i.e. Production growth rate, bubbles and volatility clustering) of the phase transition.
Defects in the Revised Definition of Standard ML

• major: mistakes that compromise soundness without an obvious fix, that create problems for implementers, or lead to annoying incompatibles among implementations, • minor: mistakes that leave open questions as well but do not seem to produce problems in practice, • pedantic: nitpicking on issues that are not “quite right” but everybody knows how to interpret them, • typos: obvious slips in formal bits.
Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms among Campylobacter

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are recognized as the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. Humans most often become infected by ingesting contaminated food, especially undercooked chicken, but also other sources of bacteria have been described. Campylobacteriosis is normally a self-limiting disease. Antimicrobial treatment is needed only in patients with more severe disease and in those who are immunologically compromised. The most common antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of Campylobacter infections are macrolides, such as erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin. Tetracyclines have been suggested as an alternative choice in the treatment of clinical campylobacteriosis but in practice are not often used. However, during the past few decades an increasing number of resistant Campylobacter isolates have developed resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials such as macrolides, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams. Trends in antimicrobial resistance have shown a clear correlation between use of antibiotics in the veterinary medicine and animal production and resistant isolates of Campylobacter in humans. In this review, the patterns of emerging resistance to the antimicrobial agents useful in treatment of the disease are presented and the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs in Campylobacter are discussed.
Talk of the City: Our Tweets, Our Community Happiness

The literature of urban sociology and that of psychology have separately established two relationships: the first has linked characteristics of a community to its residents’ well-being, the second has linked well-being of individuals to their use of words. No one has hitherto explored the potential transitive relationship - that between characteristics of a community and its residents' use of words. We test this relationship by performing three steps. We consider Twitter users in a variety of London census communities; extract the subject matter of their tweets using "topic models"; and study the relationship between topics and community socio-economic well-being. We find that certain topics are correlated (positively and negatively) with community deprivation. Users in more deprived community tweet about wedding parties, matters expressed in Spanish/Portuguese, and celebrity gossips. By contrast, those in less deprived communities tweet about vacations, professional use of social media, environmental issues, sports, and health issues. We finally show that monitoring the subject matter of tweets not only offers insights into community well-being, but it is also a reasonable way of predicting community deprivation scores.
Bullshit Jobs: A Critical Pedagogy Provocation

I precede the ‘provocation’ —a word I first heard used by my colleagues Gordon Asher and Leigh French—below with the following caveats. First, I produced this provocation as part of a workshop on Critical Pedagogy that Gordon Asher, Leigh French and I co-organised preceding a day conference on Critical Pedagogies. Second, the provocation that follows, like those of Asher and French, sought to spark off debate; it used David Graeber’s rhetorical argument about paid work today, with its explicit use of the ‘b’ word, to encourage academics at the event to re-contextualise regimes of accountability in the university that they are experiencing and to consider how critical pedagogy could help them do so. Finally, I have been lucky enough to leave full time employment when voluntary redundancy was on offer (being already off work on stress-related sick leave, for the first and last time in my full-time, paid working life). This allowed me to stop being a wage slave and become, instead, as one of my colleagues put it, like Tony Benn who left Parliament to take up politics; I was leaving the university to take up education.
Non-hierarchical Dynamic Protocol Composition in Jgroup/ARM

Protocol composition is a common approach to structure generic protocols used by networked applications, and typically a vertically layered approach is taken. This paper presents an alternative approach, where the protocol composition is a weakly-coupled set of protocol modules organized in a non-hierarchical structure. Protocol modules are dynamically constructed at runtime. The approach is designed for systems that involves multiple communicating entities and multicast style interactions are supported, making the approach suitable for building reliable network applications. The main advantage of the approach is that modules in the same composition communicate by direct interaction, whereas other frameworks typically use a vertically layered protocol stack, forcing all messages/events to pass through all intermediate layers introducing unnecessary delays.
Sixty years of environmental change in the world's largest freshwater lake – Lake Baikal, Siberia

High‐resolution data collected over the past 60 years by a single family of Siberian scientists on Lake Baikal reveal significant warming of surface waters and long‐term changes in the basal food web of the world's largest, most ancient lake. Attaining depths over 1.6 km, Lake Baikal is the deepest and most voluminous of the world's great lakes. Increases in average water temperature (1.21 °C since 1946), chlorophyll a (300% since 1979), and an influential group of zooplankton grazers (335% increase in cladocerans since 1946) may have important implications for nutrient cycling and food web dynamics. Results from multivariate autoregressive (MAR) modeling suggest that cladocerans increased strongly in response to temperature but not to algal biomass, and cladocerans depressed some algal resources without observable fertilization effects. Changes in Lake Baikal are particularly significant as an integrated signal of long‐term regional warming, because this lake is expected to be among those most resistant to climate change due to its tremendous volume. These findings highlight the importance of accessible, long‐term monitoring data for understanding ecosystem response to large‐scale stressors such as climate change.