Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incorporating ‘class’ into work–family arrangements: Insights from and for Three Worlds

In response to feminist critics, Esping-Andersen (1999) added family to the state–market nexus by examining the degree of familialism across regimes. In the absence of the state de-familializing care, however, it is difficult to predict work–family arrangements without reference to the overall level of inequality and a family’s social location within it. Thus, levels of familialism interact with levels of economic inequality. I build on existing categorizations of how two-parent families combine work and care in European countries by adding an explicit consideration of how these patterns vary within countries by education. I utilize hierarchical clustering with data for 16 countries (2004–2010) from the Luxembourg Income Study and the European Social Survey. In some respects, refining country averages by education lends greater support to the tenets of Three Worlds, but also reveals a Southern European pattern distinguished by inequality in work–family arrangements more characteristic of liberal regimes. Findings also illustrate how countries that polarize between dual full-time and male breadwinner families largely polarize by education.
Making and Mending Your Nets: Managing Relevance, Participation and Uncertainty in Academic Practitioner Knowledge Networks

Making and mending your nets is concerned to examine, from an actor–network theory perspective, how the relevance debate concerning research and teaching is a significant non-human actor in the development and management of industry–academic networks associated with UK business schools. By significant, we do not imply the most important because it is only one of many human and non-human actors that may arouse interest, be problematized, enrolled and/or mobilized for such networks to become ‘obligatory passage points’ and ultimately irreversible collective assemblies. The paper then utilizes actor–network theory as a framework for examining our primary empirical research on academic–practitioner knowledge networks – nets that require a continuous making and mending in managing relevance, participation and uncertainty. We argue that the actor–network framework is more compatible than alternative knowledge diffusion or transfer models with the data we have collected on academic–practitioner knowledge networks in the UK. In accounting for the dynamic instability and precariousness of knowledge networks, it avoids raising false expectations about business knowledge and its relevance or effectiveness. If knowledge in the physical sciences and engineering unfolds slowly and unevenly in the face of many disputes, disruptions and setbacks, as actor–network theory has claimed, then how much more likely is this to be the case in the social sciences? Consequently there should be no expectations of one-to-one, direct causal chains between knowledge production and application, as some business school critics seemingly demand.
An Examination of Agricultural and Science Educators' Attitudes Towards the Use of Biotechnology

Agriculture has benefited from the use of biotechnology for hundreds of years; however, recent advancements in recombinant DNA and cloning have brought about much ethical debate. Public concerns range from the disapproval of genetic manipulation for moral reasons to potential dangers and risks of the use of the science (Kloppenburg & Burrows, 1995). To address these concerns and to overcome resistance to innovation, research indicates a need to identify sources of information most trusted by the public as well as to determine the most effective means of disseminating information about biotechnology. As is frequently the case, educators play a critical role. However, even though many high school agriculture education programs have infused instruction about biotechnology into their curriculum, national studies indicate that the instruction is not keeping up with the technological advances in biotechnology. Given that agricultural and science educators are such an important and trusted source of biotechnological information, this study explored the attitudes of high school agricultural and science educators about the use of biotechnology. Like any other adopters of innovation, educators go through a process that involves first becoming aware of the innovation, forming an attitude about the innovation, deciding to adopt or reject the innovation, implementing the idea, and then confirming they made the right decision to adopt the innovation. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether participation in biotechnology training affected their awareness level of the uses biotechnology (awareness of innovation), and their attitudes about the use of biotechnology (forming an attitude). By describing the awareness and attitudes of high school agricultural and science educators about biotechnology, we can then describe where they are in the innovation-decision process and be better able to design training that will be inductive to biotechnology curriculum adoption.
Neuroimaging studies in people with gender incongruence

Abstract The current review gives an overview of brain studies in transgender people. First, we describe studies into the aetiology of feelings of gender incongruence, primarily addressing the sexual differentiation hypothesis: does the brain of transgender individuals resemble that of their natal sex, or that of their experienced gender? Findings from neuroimaging studies focusing on brain structure suggest that the brain phenotypes of trans women (MtF) and trans men (FtM) differ in various ways from control men and women with feminine, masculine, demasculinized and defeminized features. The brain phenotypes of people with feelings of gender incongruence may help us to figure out whether sex differentiation of the brain is atypical in these individuals, and shed light on gender identity development. Task-related imaging studies may show whether brain activation and task performance in transgender people is sex-atypical. Second, we review studies that evaluate the effects of cross-sex hormone treatment on the brain. This type of research provides knowledge on how changes in sex hormone levels may affect brain structure and function.
A Note on "Panorama of the Basque Country and its Competence for Self-government": Terrorism and the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Effect

The purpose of this paper is to challenge Professors Gómez Uranga’s and Etxebarria’s argument that self-government on it’s own propitiates better socio-economic results. The authors’ article offers us a complete overview of all the regional-provincial planning instruments and the innovation system implemented in the Basque Country. However, the authors lack objectivity in their approach, failing to analyse the negative effects of ETA (ETA is a terrorist group that demands separation of the Basque Country from Spain), which is not even mentioned in the article. In fact, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is an outstanding test case for the effectiveness of a regionally promoted redevelopment instrument that is partially undermined by the violence of ETA. In this sense, the ef cacy of self-government is subject to a clear consistent commitment to solve the problem of terrorism.
Growth, Crisis, and Recovery in East Asia

Both success and crisis in East Asia are interpreted, in the “Washington Consensus”, byreference to the laws of the market, and to the economic policies and institutional frameworks of “countries”. This approach rules out consideration of the connections between economics and politics, the context of imperfect competition, the role of goal-oriented policies, and regional interdependence. This article provides an introduction to the debate about the main factors used to explain growth in East Asia, and goes on to analyse the regionalisation process in a context of growth, crisis, and recovery by “regional contagion”.
Regional Integration Through Contracting Networks

This article advances two general hypotheses, bonding and bridging, to explain the process by which local governments decide whether to enter into contracts. The characteristics of goods and services are important factors in these decisions. In high asset-specificity transactions, the bridging hypothesis predicts local governments will establish ties with only a few “high status” actors, whereas in transactions for services with measurement difficulties, the bonding hypothesis predicts local governments will establish ties with partners of their existing partners to pool resources and reduce commitment risks. The general hypotheses are tested using agreements for law enforcement activities linking 66 actors in the Orlando-Kissimmee metropolitan area during five time periods (i.e., between 1986 and 2003). Using simulation investigation network analysis (SIENA) techniques, this study finds strong statistical support for these hypotheses.
Elastomeric Origami: Programmable Paper‐Elastomer Composites as Pneumatic Actuators

The development of soft pneumatic actuators based on composites consisting of elastomers with embedded sheet or fiber structures (e.g., paper or fabric) that are flexible but not extensible is described. On pneumatic inflation, these actuators move anisotropically, based on the motions accessible by their composite structures. They are inexpensive, simple to fabricate, light in weight, and easy to actuate. This class of structure is versatile: the same principles of design lead to actuators that respond to pressurization with a wide range of motions (bending, extension, contraction, twisting, and others). Paper, when used to introduce anisotropy into elastomers, can be readily folded into 3D structures following the principles of origami; these folded structures increase the stiffness and anisotropy of the elastomeric actuators, while being light in weight. These soft actuators can manipulate objects with moderate performance; for example, they can lift loads up to 120 times their weight. They can also be combined with other components, for example, electrical components, to increase their functionality.
Impact of Killing in War: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this pilot study was to test the effectiveness of Impact of Killing (IOK), a novel, cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) aimed at reducing mental health symptoms and functional impairment. METHOD Participants were 33 combat Veterans with a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis who had completed trauma-focused psychotherapy and reported distress regarding killing or feeling responsible for the deaths of others in war. Veterans were randomized to either IOK treatment or a 6-week waitlist condition, after which Veterans could receive IOK. IOK is a 6- to 8-session, weekly, individual, CBT, lasting 60-90 minutes, and focused on key themes, including physiology of killing responses, moral injury, self-forgiveness, spirituality, making amends, and improved functioning. RESULTS We found that compared to controls (N = 16), the IOK group (N = 17) experienced a significant improvement in PTSD symptoms, general psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life functional measures. Veterans who received IOK reported that the treatment was acceptable and feasible. CONCLUSION These results provide preliminary evidence that Veterans can benefit from a treatment focused on the impact of killing after initial trauma therapy.
Analysis of late infections in 89 long-term survivors of bone marrow transplantation.

Eighty-nine patients with aplastic anemia or acute leukemia treated by either syngeneic (1 3 patients) or allogeneic (76 patients) marrow transplantation who had survived for more than 6 mo were surveyed to determine the incidence of late infections. Most patients (72 % ) had either no infection or very few late infections, and only a minority (28 % ) had three or more infections. Eight patients (9 % ) died from infection. Bacterial infections of lung, respiratory tract, skin. and blood represented more than half of the 1 52 infections encountered. Gram-positive cocci represented one-third of the documented infecting organisms. Varicella-zoster (VZ) infections were seen in 22 % of all patients. Each affected patient had only a single episode of VZ infection. Fungal infections and interstitial pneumonia were uncommon. By the use of a proportional hazards regression model we attempted to identify clinical and immunologic factors predictive of and predisposing to late infections. Only one factor was significantly associated with late non-VZ infectons: chronic graftversus-host disease (C-GVHD). Other factons analyzed, e.g. underlying disease. conditioning regimen, type of transplant. inability to respond to cutaneous dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). age, and sex. did not show significant associations. In contrast. VZ infections were not associated with C-GVHD. Negative DNCB skin test reactivity appeared to be the only factor correlating with VZ infections. The recurrent (and occasionally fatal) infections seen in a minority of long-term survivors after syngeneic and allogeneic marrow transplantation are most likely the result of deficits of humoral and cellular immunity. which in turn are most often associated with C-GVHD. I NCREASING NUMBERS of bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings (allogeneic grafts) and monozygous twins (syngeneic grafts) are being carried out for the treatment of aplastic anemia (AA) and acute leukemia (AL). ’7 In preparation for the transplant the patients’ own hemopoietic and immunologic systems are destroyed by therapy with high-dosage cyclophosphamide (CY) and/or total body irradiation (TBI). Subsequent recovery of hemopoiesis and immune function is dependent on proliferation of cells of donor marrow origin. Granulocyte counts are low during the first 2-4 wk after transplantation. This period is characterized by frequent bacterial and fungal infections.78 Immunologic function is most severely depressed during the first 4 mo.912 In this period interstitial pneumonias, presumably related to the state of immunodeficiency, are a major
Comparison of clinical outcome and ease of handling in two double-bag systems in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study.

BACKGROUND We performed a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study on the use of two double-bag disconnect systems: Stay-Safe (SS; Fresenius Deutschland GmbH2) and Ultrabag (UB; Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) to assess the ease of handling, peritonitis rate, exit-site infection rate, and clinical outcome. METHODS We enrolled 110 new continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients; 55 patients were randomized to SS treatment, and 55 patients, to UB treatment. RESULTS Patients using the UB and SS systems were followed up for 946 and 846 patient-months, respectively. There were 21 episodes of peritonitis in 18 patients in the UB group and 23 episodes in 18 patients in the SS group. No significant difference was observed in peritonitis rates between the two systems, which were 45 and 36.8 patient-months per episode for the UB and SS groups, respectively. At 12 months, 82.1% of patients in the UB group and 72.1% in the SS group were free of peritonitis; at 18 months, 71.1% and 62.2% were free of peritonitis for the UB and SS groups, respectively (P = 0.559). Gram-positive organisms accounted for 28.6% of infections in the UB group and 39.1% in the SS group. Exit-site infection rates were one episode per 21 patient-months versus 19.2 patient-months in the UB and SS groups, respectively (P = 0.743). Patients perceived SS as easier to handle in 4 of the 13 steps immediately post-CAPD training. However, there was no significant difference in rankings between the two systems after 1 month of adaptation. Median training periods were 4 and 5 days for the SS and UB groups, respectively (P = 0.640). CONCLUSION The two double-bag systems (UB and SS) have similar incidences of peritonitis and exit-site infection. Both systems showed comparably good clinical outcome. The SS system is easier to learn during the initial training period, but the difference is not significant after 1 month's adaptation.
Exploring the potential of the union equality representative

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on a qualitative study of the views of a cross‐section of union regional activists and officers on the potential of a newly developed equality representative role in promoting greater equality in the workplace.Design/methodology/approach – Findings are based on an analysis of interview data incorporating the views and experiences of 32 officers and activists currently promoting equality in a region of the UK.Findings – Findings suggest that this is an equality initiative whose time may have come. This conclusion, however, is tempered by respondents' belief that the equality representative project can only fulfil its potential if the role is mainstreamed into branch structures, policies and processes and, crucially, that the same statutory recognition enjoyed by other union representatives is granted to the equality representative.Research limitations/implications – The project is at an early stage of development. Therefore, findings are based on the views o.
Integrated schedule planning with supply-demand interac- tions

We present an integrated schedule planning model where the decisions of schedule design, fleeting and pricing are made simultaneously. Pricing is int egrated through a logit demand model where itinerary choice is modeled by defining the utili ties of the alternative itineraries. Utilities are explained with the fare price, departure time and number of stops. Spill and recapture effects are incorporated in the model to better repr esent the demand. For the recapture ratios we use a logit formulation similar to the demand model so that the ratios are determined by the model according to the utilities of the alternatives. Furthermore fare class segmentation is considered in such a way that the model decides the seats allocated to each fare class. To deal with the high complexity of the resulting mixed integer nonlinear problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation and sub-gradient optimization. The study is in the context of a project regarding the design of an innovative air transportation system called Clip-Air which has flexible transportation capacity. In order to quantify the potential advantages of this new system, models are extended to work with Clip-Air fleet and comparative analysis is carried out using a dataset for a major European company. It is observed that, the enhanced flexibility of Clip-Air allows to transport around 1 5% more passengers with the same overall fleet capacity.
Alcohol-Related Problems As an Obstacle to the Development of Human Capital: Issues and Policy Options

In the last decade, the problems related to excessive alcohol consumption have increased dramatically in many societies, both developed and developing. Worldwide, alcohol accounted for 2 million deaths in 1989. As levels of GNP per capita rise, third world populations age, and alcoholic beverages are more widely marketed and distributed in developing countries, levels of alcohol consumption can only be expected to increase. The impact of an increase in alcohol consumption extends beyond increasing levels of premature mortality, to include a myriad of secondary problems, ranging from child abuse to reduced worker productivity. Although the net impact of these problems is unknown, many countries have acknowledged the significant health, social, and economic costs they impose. This paper is an initial attempt to review the impact of these alcohol-related problems and to promote the debate on the appropriate role of government in regulating alcohol consumption.
Disarrangement of fiber tracts and decline of neuronal density correlate in glioma patients--a combined diffusion tensor imaging and 1H-MR spectroscopy study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and MR spectroscopy are noninvasive, quantitative tools for the preoperative assessment of gliomas with which the quantitative parameter fractional anisotropy (FA) and the concentration of neurometabolites N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) of the brain can be determined. Measurements of FA and NAA reflect the integrity of fiber tracts and the presence of neurons, respectively. This investigation examines changes of FA and NAA and compares these different aspects in architecture of gliomas after spatial coregistration. METHODS DTI and chemical shift (1)H-MR spectroscopy was performed in 34 healthy volunteers and 69 patients with histologically confirmed (n = 48) or morphologically suspected (n = 21) non-necrotic brain glioma. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were placed in the tumor center (TC), the tumor border (TB), the normal-appearing white matter adjacent to the tumors (TNWM), and in the white matter of the contralateral hemisphere (NWMC). Median FA values and NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios were calculated in the patients' VOIs and the gray and white matter of the volunteers. Correlations of FA values and NAA ratios were calculated. RESULTS Continuous changes of FA and NAA from the tumor center to the periphery (the adjacent white matter and the contra-lateral hemisphere, respectively) were observed, where median values were: TC: 0.73 +/- 0.45, 0.47 +/- 0.58, 0.17 +/- 0.15 (NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, FA); TB: 1.06 +/- 0.53, 1.00 +/- 0.15, 0.23 +/- 0.08; TNWM: 1.42 +/- 2.48, 1.21 +/- 0.95, 0.34 +/- 0.09; and NWMC: 1.63 +/- 0.72, 1.56 +/- 1.34, 0.38 +/- 0.08. Correlation of median FA values and NAA ratios in the cumulative group of patients was high (r = 0.99 [NAA/Cr], 0.95 [NAA/ Cho] at P < .01). Correlation between the individual NAA ratios and the FA values was moderate (r = 0.53 [NAA/Cr], 0.51 [NAA/Cho] at P < .01). CONCLUSION In gliomas, the degree of tissue organization decreases continuously from the surrounding tissue toward the center of the tumor accompanied by a concordant decrease of NAA. This uniform behavior of FA and NAA reflects a decreasing integrity of both neuronal structures and fibers.
‘Sharpening the tools’: A comment on the provisional 1988 Social Accounting Matrix for South Africa

This article comments on the recent contribution by Eckert et al (1992) in this journal. The comments place social accounting in a historical perspective. This is done to illustrate the effectiveness of SAMs in policy analysis, and to explain the increased mathematisation of economics caused by social accounting. Finally, some comments are made on the future development of social accounting in South Africa in order to push the SAM framework to its limit.
The COVEN Project: Exploring Applicative, Technical, and Usage Dimensions of Collaborative Virtual Environments

COVEN (Collaborative Virtual Environments) is a European project that seeks to develop a comprehensive approach to the issues in the development of collaborative virtual environment (CVE) technology. COVEN brings together twelve academic and industrial partners with a wide range of expertise in CSCW, networked VR, computer graphics, human factors, HCI, and telecommunications infrastructures. After two years of work, we are presenting the main features of our approach and results, our driving applications, the main components of our technical investigations, and our experimental activities. With different citizen and professional application scenarios as driving forces, COVEN is exploring the requirements and supporting techniques for collaborative interaction in scalable CVEs. Technical results are being integrated in an enriched networked VR platform based on the dVS and DIVE systems. Taking advantage of a dedicated Europe-wide ISDN and ATM network infrastructure, a large component of the project is a trial and experimentation activity that should allow a comprehensive understanding of the network requirements of these systems as well as their usability issues and human factors aspects.