Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of discharge and slope on hyporheic flow in step-pool morphologies using cold water as a tracer

The hyporheic zone is a transitional area between surface and groundwater systems that supports both a wide range of species ranging from bacteria to incubating fish embryos. A better understanding of the movement and extent of flows through the subsurface may lead to innovative habitat restoration techniques to make streams more productive and to enhance aquatic stream biology. While the majority of studies thus far have examined the hyporheic zone in low gradient streams with pool-riffle and dune-like morphology, this study has investigated hyporheic flow in a steep stream with step-pool morphology. A series of flume experiments were conducted which examined the effect of discharge and slope on hyporheic flow in step-pool channels using cold water as a tracer. The channel consisted of 3 step-pool units with 64 mm sized steps, discharges between 0.3-4.5 L/s and slopes of 8% and 4%. The results indicated the water moving along steeper slopes and the moderate discharges produced the deepest flows while downwelling at the base of steps was related to the stream discharge. Results produced by a model using hydraulic head measurements were inconsistent of those produced by temperature sensors. The model suggested hyporheic downwelling flows are largely unaffected by discharge while increases in residence times are related to decreases in discharge. We found the temperature tracer to provide a more accurate representation of hyporheic flows than that derived from piezometric measurements though the former procedure would be difficult to replicate in field experiments. This experiment emphasizes the importance of topography and roughness elements along the channel surface in dictating the locations and magnitude of downwelling and hyporheic exchange.
Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether systemic inflammation confers any additional risk for cardiovascular death among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. METHODS Using the population-based data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we assembled an incidence cohort of all Rochester, Minnesota residents ages >or=18 years who first fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria for RA between January 1, 1955 and January 1, 1995. All subjects were followed up longitudinally through their complete (inpatient, outpatient) medical records, beginning at age 18 years and continuing until death, migration, or January 1, 2001. Detailed information on the occurrence of various cardiovascular risk factors (personal history of coronary heart disease [CHD], congestive heart failure, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index [BMI], diabetes mellitus, menopausal status) as well as indicators of systemic inflammation and RA disease severity (rheumatoid factor [RF] seropositivity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], joint swelling, radiographic changes, RA nodules, RA complications, RA treatments, disease duration) and comorbidities were collected on all subjects. Causes of death were ascertained from death certificates and medical records. Cox regression models were used to estimate the independent predictors of cardiovascular death. RESULTS This inception cohort comprised a total of 603 RA patients whose mean age was 58 years, of whom 73% were women. During a mean followup of 15 years, 354 patients died and cardiovascular disease was the primary cause of death in 176 patients. Personal history of CHD, smoking, hypertension, low BMI, and diabetes mellitus, as well as comorbidities, including peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, dementia, ulcers, malignancies, renal disease, liver disease, and history of alcoholism, were all significant risk factors for cardiovascular death (P < 0.01 for each). Multivariable Cox regression analyses, controlled for cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, revealed that the risk of cardiovascular death was significantly higher among RA patients with at least 3 ESR values of >or=60 mm/hour (hazard ratio [HR] 2.03, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.45-2.83), RA vasculitis (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.00-5.81), and RA lung disease (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.11-4.84). CONCLUSION These results indicate that markers of systemic inflammation confer a statistically significant additional risk for cardiovascular death among patients with RA, even after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities.
Velocity Estimation with 3d Spatiotemporal Filtering of Sequences of Ultrasound Images: a Fourier Approach

Blood velocity estimation is required in many clinical applications. Ultrasonic imaging is often used to reach this goal. This article presents a velocity vector estimation method from ultrasonic imaging. It complements Doppler imaging, which has several limitations. Our method is based on spa-tiotemporal filtering to estimate the apparent velocity vector for each pixel of the sequence of B-mode imaging. Jacobson [1] then Porat [2] showed that the three-dimensional Fourier transform of a sequence in translation is zero except for a plane plane passing through the origin. The slope of this plane is proportional to the velocity components v x and v y. We suggest to design a bank of filters in order to estimate this slope then deduce the velocity vector. The method was applied to sequences of ultrasound images of calibrated flow in a vessel (mean velocity < 1 mm/s). The velocity estimates obtained are exhibited mean errors inferior to 9%. Results are presented as dynamic cartography and dense fields of velocity vectors. Associated velocity profiles show good agreement with the theoretical parabolic profile of laminar flow.
Habitat Associations of California Red-backed Voles in Young and Old-Growth Forests in Western Oregon

California rcd-bacLe d t oles (Clet I uionoml s t:ttlifornirtzr) are endernic to lorests i l l weslcrn Oregorr and norLhtcst ( ial i lornia (Alexander and Verts I992). Some invrist igators uggcsted rhat ( ial i for.nia rccl backcd voles o(.( u[ more frccluentl_v in mature clo-ccd-canopv fcrrests with little undcrstorv de r . l , , pmer ' t . r r ' , 1 "1 " " r f , , r l r . r L i r a r t h . r t i , c . i g nilicant arnounts o[ coarse rvoodv debris (Tevis 1956. Cashwilcr 1959. \ ' lascr i9[ l l" Doyle 1987. Comez 1992). or grcater food resour-ces lnvpogeous frurgi. f l rc and Maser 1982). Othcr inrestigators did not detecL a dif ierence in abundancc of {lnlifrrrnia led,brckr:d voles bch{een voung and nlclcr forests (Aubrev et o1.1991,. Corn and Bury 1991. Cilbclt and Alhl ine 199l). Ho.wever, voung sLands eraminr:d in the lattcr stu. l ics \ \ ,ere natulallv fegcnerated aftcr lire. and the atrthors suggestcd that Calilbrnia rcd backed voles mav responcl rJi f ferentlv to managcd second-grolth l . r I l l l r , r l o | i ; : i r ' J t , , l l r o m , 1 , r r e r r r r i r r !
Solar wind‐generated current in the Lunar Dust Experiment

Measurements from the Lunar Dust Experiment (LDEX) show that the current associated with lofted lunar dust lacks an altitude dependence, implying that the current may come from other sources. Here we present some evidences for solar wind (SW)‐generated current. Direct SW influx on the nightside can cause a large current, and the backscattered energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) on the dayside can bring a good correlation between the current and SW density. It is found that the current favors a lower SW speed and a smaller SW incident angle, but the dependences are also affected by the solar zenith angle (SZA) and the scattering function of ENAs. Picked‐up ions can enhance the current when the angle between the convection electric field and LDEX's normal is larger than 90°. But when the angle is smaller than 90°, the enhancement is negligible.
Learning and Optimization of an Aspect Hidden Markov Model for Query Language Model Generation Conference Item Learning and Optimization of an Aspect Hidden Markov Model for Query Language Model Generation

(2007). Learning and optimization of an aspect hidden Markov model for query language model generation. Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. Abstract: The Relevance Model (RM) incorporates pseudo relevance feedback to derive query language model and has shown a good performance. Generally, it is based on uni-gram models of individual feedback documents from which query terms are sampled independently. In this paper, we present a new method to build the query model with latent state machine (LSM) which captures the inherent term dependencies within the query and the term dependencies between query and documents. Our method firstly splits the query into subsets of query terms (i.e., not only single terms, but different combinations of multiple query terms). Secondly, these query term combinations are then considered as weighted latent states of a hidden Markov Model to derive a new query model from the pseudo relevant documents. Thirdly, our method integrates the Aspect Model (AM) with the EM algorithm to estimate the parameters involved in the model. Specifically, the pseudo relevant documents are segmented into chunks, and different chunks are associated with different weights in relation to a latent state. Our approach is empirically evaluated on three TREC collections, and demonstrates statistically significant improvements over a baseline language model and the Relevance Model.
Calcul automatique de trajectoires pour l’assemblage d’objets déformables

Ces travaux presentent des approches algorithmiques pour resoudre le probleme de la planification de trajectoire d’objets deformables dans le cadre d’application d’assemblage /desassemblage. Nous montrons qu’il est necessaire de trouver un compromis entre precision du modele et temps de calcul au sein des algorithmes de planification pour resoudre de maniere realiste le probleme. Des exemples de simulation illustrent les differentes approches.
Characterization of Ambient Fine Particles(PM_(2.5)) Concentration and Its Influential Factors in Xi'an

Daily PM2.5(particle size smaller than 2.5 μm) samples were collected in Xi'an from September,2003 to July,2007,synchronously during that period,meteorological data(temperature,wind speed,rainfall and visibility) and air pollution index(API) were obtained.The average PM2.5 mass concentration in 4 years was 183.8±104.2 μg/m3 with an increasing trend.Weekly variation of PM2.5 concentrations showed two peaks corresponding to the busy traffic hours.Seasonal variations of PM2.5,which were circulative in annual scale,exhibited a same decreasing order as follows:winterautumnspringsummer.The temporal series of PM2.5,meteorological parameters,visibility,and air pollution index,API,indicated that wet deposition efficiently removed aerosols resulting in low PM2.5 level.The wind speed could lead to dilute PM levels when it was above 2.25 m/s.In contrast,lower wind speed most likely contributed to high PM levels.PM2.5 had a moderate positive relationship with API and a moderate negative relationship with visibility.
Diversity of Selaginella in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java

Setyawan AD, Sugiyarto. 2015. Diversity of Selaginella in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1312-1317. Eastern Java has a relatively drier climate than other parts of Java, but it still has quite a lot of cool mountain areas and provide enough water, for example, Bromo Tengger and Semeru Mountains complex. Selaginella is a herbaceous plant that need water for reproduction, thus it is important to know its existence in the dry climates region due to global climate change. This aims of this study was to determine the species diversity of Selaginella in the National Park of Bromo Tengger and Semeru (BTSNP), East Java. Field study was conducted in August 2007 and May 2015, and followed by observation of specimen collection of Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong, Bogor. From the field research, there were collected five herbarium specimens, while the herbaria collections observed were 49 sheets of specimens. The results showed that in this park and its border areas, there were found eight species of Selaginella, namely: S. ciliaris, S. intermedia, S. involvens, S. opaca, S. ornata, S. plana, S. remotifolia and S. singalanensis. However, the morphological characteristic of S. intermedia and S. singalanensis needs to be further confirmed since each of them was only observed from a single sheet herbarium, namely O Posthumus 1615 and Kobus Tosari 147, respectively. In Java, S. intermedia was mainly distributed in the western part of Java. Meanwhile, the presence of S. singalanensis in Java was relatively rare.
Visual Information Processing Evaluation and Orthoptic and Vision Therapy

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End-user collaboration for process innovation in services: The role of internal resources

This paper focuses on how to improve process innovation in service sectors. To do so, we analyse how the interplay of external knowledge sources specifically, the intensity of end-user collaboration and the breadth of external collaboration and the firms internal resources impact process innovation at the firm level. Survey data from 166 Information Technology Services firms provide the empirical data, which is tested using the partial least squares structural equation model. Our results demonstrate that benefits from collaboration are not automatic, as the firms commitment of internal resources fully mediates the impact of the intensity of end-user collaboration and breadth of external collaboration on process innovation. Thus, internal resources become critical to make effective use of the knowledge residing both internally and externally, and key managerial practices that enable a firm to extract benefits from external collaboration are identified.
Effects of Varying RedoxConditions on Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants from the D-Area Coal Pile Runoff Basin (U)

The objective of this study was to provide geochemical parameters to characterize the D-Area Coal Pile Runoff Basin (DCPRB) sediment as a potential source term. It is anticipated that the measured values will be used in risk calculations and will provide additional technical support for imposing Monitored Natural Attenuation at D-Area. This study provides a detailed evaluation of the DCPRB sediment and is part of another study that quantified the Monitored Natural Attenuation of inorganic contaminants more broadly at the D-Area Expanded Operable Unit, which includes the DCPRB (Powell et al. 2004). Distribution coefficients (K{sub d} values; a solid to liquid contaminant concentration ratio) and the Potentially Leachable Fraction (the percent of the total contaminant concentration in the sediment that can likely contribute to a contaminant plume) were measured in a DCPRB sediment as a function of redox conditions. Redox conditions at the DCPRB are expected to vary greatly as the system undergoes varying drying and flooding conditions. Conservative values; K{sub d} values that err on the side of being too low and Potentially Leachable Fraction values that err on the side of being too high, are presented. The K{sub d} values are high compared to conservative literature values, andmore » underscores the importance of measuring site-specific values to provide estimates of sediments natural attenuation/sorption capacities. The Potentially Leachable Fraction indicates that as little as 27% of the As, but all of the Cu and Tl will be part of the source term. In the case of the As, the remaining 83% will likely never leach out of the sediment, thereby providing a form of natural attenuation. Importantly, Be, Cr, Cu, Ni, and V concentrations in the sediment were less-than twice background levels, indicating this sediment was not a potential source for these contaminants. K{sub d} values generally increased significantly (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, and Tl) when the sediment was flooded and after 36 days biostimulated through the addition of molasses. However, the contaminants that were newly sorbed tended to bind to weaker binding sites as the system was converted from an oxidizing to a reducing system. This redistribution of contaminants resulted in increased Potentially Leachable Fractions. In conclusion, these tests clearly indicate that the DCPRB sediment has a relatively high affinity to sorb most of the contaminants and that when evaluating the risk associated with this as a source term that only the Potentially Leachable Fraction of the total sediment contaminants concentration be used as the actual source term. « less
IS THIS MACRO PARAMETER BLANK

The first thing most macros do is checking input parameters. Still, many macro users are unsure when it comes to implementing the parameter checks. This is the case even with the most elementary form, namely the check of the existence of a parameter value, or the “Is-Blank” check. We review and compare various ways to implement it. We then recommend one that performs well given various input parameter values, packaged in a function-style macro %ISBLANK(), which returns 1 when the parameter value is “blank,” and 0 otherwise.
Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria: Evaluation of the Redesigned (Version 96) bioMérieux ATB ANA Device

ABSTRACT We compared the susceptibility results for 200 clinical anaerobes with nine antibiotics obtained by using a new ATB ANA (bioMérieux) device against those obtained by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) standard agar dilution method. For better evaluation of the device, we added some resistant Bacteroides fragilis group strains from our own collection: 3, 6, and 12 strains that were resistant to imipenem, ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, and co-amoxiclav, respectively, and 2 other strains with decreased susceptibility to metronidazole. For some strains that did not grow on ATB S medium, tests were performed by using West-Wilkins medium supplemented with 1.5% agar. The new ATB ANA device made clinical categorization of the investigated strains possible, according to French (Committee of the Antibiogram of the French Society of Microbiology) or U.S. (NCCLS) breakpoints, with the following respective results: category agreement, 94.3 and 94.9%; minor errors, 4.8 and 3.8%; major errors, 0.4 and 0.8%; and very major errors 4.6 and 4.2%. The ATB ANA device was able to detect low-level metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains according to the French breakpoints but not the NCCLS ones. For B. fragilis and β-lactamase-positive Prevotellastrains, the clustering effect of amoxicillin MICs around the French breakpoints led to more frequent minor errors. ATB ANA is a very convenient method to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of anaerobes. Results obtained by ATB ANA correlated well with those obtained by the reference method.
Cross well radar and vertical radar profiling methods for time lapse monitoring of rainfall infiltration

The relationship between electromagnetic velocities derived from in-hole radar surveying and soil saturation can be exploited to map changes in recharge from rainfall infiltration in the vadose zone against time. We have completed time-lapse cross-well radar and vertical radar Profiling (VRP) experiments with the objective of monitoring rainfall infiltration during the winter season at two sites on the Gnangara Mound in the Perth Basin, Western Australia. Depth-velocity profiles have been derived from the direct transmission measurements. Results obtained from Vertical Radar Profiling and Zero vertical offset cross well profiling are evaluated and the influence of different geometries and test-site conditions are discussed. We find that zero vertical offset cross well radar experiments were highly repeatable. Further changes in ground conditions such as an increase in moisture content can be observed with great confidence. The interpretation of vertical radar profiles was more challenging. However both techniques successfully reveal the time-lapse response of water migrating through the unsaturated soil profile for the two trial sites.
Robust Group Identification and Variable Selection in Regression

The elimination of insignificant predictors and the combination of predictors with indistinguishable coefficients are the two issues raised in searching for the true model. Pairwise Absolute Clustering and Sparsity (PACS) achieves both goals. Unfortunately, PACS is sensitive to outliers due to its dependency on the least-squares loss function which is known to be very sensitive to unusual data. In this article, the sensitivity of PACS to outliers has been studied. Robust versions of PACS (RPACS) have been proposed by replacing the least squares and nonrobust weights in PACS with MM-estimation and robust weights depending on robust correlations instead of person correlation, respectively. A simulation study and two real data applications have been used to assess the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Bayesian network approach combining pit to reduce channel mismatch in speaker ve recognition

The aim of this paper is to reduce the effect of mismatch in recording conditions due to the transmission channel and recording device, using conditional dependencies of prosodic and spectral envelope features. The developed system is based on a Bayesian network framework which combines statistical models of the pitch and spectral envelope features. This approach is applied to forensic automatic speaker recognition, where mismatched recording conditions pose a serious problem to the accurate estimation of the strength of voice evidence. The method is evaluated using a forensic speaker recognition database that contains three different recording conditions typical to forensic tasks. The performance of the system is evaluated using both speaker verification as well as forensic speaker recognition measures.