Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autologous Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Driving Bone Regeneration in a Rabbit Model of Femoral Head Osteonecrosis

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive degenerative disease that ultimately requires a total hip replacement. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), particularly the ones isolated from bone marrow (BM), could be promising tools to restore bone tissue in ONFH. Here, we established a rabbit model to mimic the pathogenic features of human ONFH and to challenge an autologous MSC-based treatment. ON has been originally induced by the synergic combination of surgery and steroid administration. Autologous BM-MSCs were then implanted in the FH, aiming to restore the damaged tissue. Histological analyses confirmed bone formation in the BM-MSC treated rabbit femurs but not in the controls. In addition, the model also allowed investigations on BM-MSCs isolated before (ON-BM-MSCs) and after (ON+BM-MSCs) ON induction to dissect the impact of ON damage on MSC behavior in an affected microenvironment, accounting for those clinical approaches foreseeing MSCs generally isolated from affected patients. BM-MSCs, isolated before and after ON induction, revealed similar growth rates, immunophenotypic profiles, and differentiation abilities regardless of the ON. Our data support the use of ON+BM-MSCs as a promising autologous therapeutic tool to treat ON, paving the way for a more consolidated use into the clinical settings.
Amalgamated Titanium Oxide-Carbon Hollow Sphere/Nickel-Layered Double Hydroxide as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Methyl Orange

Investigating efficient and selective photocatalysts for water treatment can help address the energy crisis and numerous environmental issues associated with the use of current fossil fuels. As a shell, we used nickel-layered double hydroxide nanosheets on top of an anatase TiO2-carbon core to create an integrated photocatalyst. Materials were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, and XPS methods for their physical-chemical properties. Using N2 adsorption/desorption at −196 °C, BET-surface area and pore structure were determined. Diffuse reflectance UV–vis was used to determine the photocatalysts band gap. For the TiO2-C/NiLDH amalgam, showed the lowest band gap (3.1 eV) with an exceptional ability to degrade methyl orange as an organic pollutant. Core–shell symmetry in the TiO2-C/NiLDH amalgam provides a larger surface area (72 m2/g) for interfacial interaction and a wider base for efficient charge transfer. In subsequent tests, this photocatalyst showed a remarkable level of stability and water treatment efficacy. That the TiO2-C/NiLDH amalgam can be used to alter solar energy and protect the environment has been demonstrated by these promising results.
Dense baryonic matter in conformally-compensated hidden local symmetry: Vector manifestation and chiral symmetry restoration

We find that, when the dilaton is implemented as a (pseudo-)Nambu-Goldstone boson using a conformal compensator or "conformon" in a hidden gauge symmetric Lagrangian written to $O(p^4)$ from which baryons arise as solitons, namely, skyrmions, the vector manifestation and chiral symmetry restoration at high density predicted in hidden local symmetry theory --- which is consistent with Brown-Rho scaling --- are lost or sent to infinite density. It is shown that they can be restored if in medium the behavior of the $\omega$ field is taken to deviate from that of the $\rho$ meson in such a way that the flavor $U(2)$ symmetry is strongly broken at increasing density. The hitherto unexposed crucial role of the $\omega$ meson in the structure of elementary baryon and multibaryon systems is uncovered in this work. In the state of half-skyrmions to which the skyrmions transform at a density $n_{1/2}^{} \gtrsim n_0^{}$ (where $n_0^{}$ is the normal nuclear matter density), characterized by the vanishing (space averaged) quark condensate but nonzero pion decay constant, the nucleon mass remains more or less constant at a value $\gtrsim$ 60 \% of the vacuum value indicating a large component of the nucleon mass that is not associated with the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. We discuss its connection to the chiral-invariant mass $m_0^{}$ that figures in the parity-doublet baryon model.
Wavelet estimation in nonparametric linear mixed-effects errors in variables model

Nonparametric linear mixed effects models are preferred due to overcome the restrictions of linear models which need to satisfy distributional assumptions. In these models, smoothing approaches are needed to handle nonparametric part and chosen according to the type of data. When there is a measurement error in the nonparametric part, these smoothing techniques become more complicated. In this paper, we propose wavelet approach to smooth nonparametric function under known measurement error in nonparametric linear mixed effects model and then, we predict random effects pa ra meter. Fu rt hermore, a s i mu lation study is done to demonstrate the theoretical findings b y c omparing w ith t he c ase i gnoring measurement error. The performances are much better for the proposed model than the no measurement error case. Cite this article as: Ya l a z S , Kuran Ö . Wavelet estimation in nonparametric linear mixed-effects errors in variables model. Sigma J Eng Nat Sci 2022;40(3): 620 – 629 .
Images of the solar upper atmosphere from Sumer on Soho

Cover: High-resolution images of a solar coronal hole obtained by SOHO's SUMER instrument on 28 and 29 July 1996. These observations in four spectral lines are representative of different temperature regimes in the solar atmosphere. The emission lines from top to bottom are:-Fe XII with a wavelength of 1241.990 Å and a formation temperature of 1.4 x 10 6 K-Mg X with a wavelength of 624.965 Å and a formation temperature of 1.1 x 10 6 K-N V with a wavelength of 1238.821 Å and a formation temperature of 1.9 x 10 5 K, and-C I with a wavelength of 1249.405 Å and a formation temperature of just over 1.3 x 10 4 K. The C I image shows the chromospheric network. Spicules and a pronounced limb brightening can be seen in N V. The Mg X exposure highlights the polar plumes and coronal bright points, whereas the Fe XII image outlines the coronal hole and its boundaries. (The displays of the solar south pole are inverted for graphical reasons.)
Fluctuations along supersymmetric flat directions during inflation

We consider a set of scalar fields, consisting of a single flat direction and one or several non-flat directions. We take our cue from the MSSM, considering separately D-flat and F-flat directions, but our results apply to any supersymmetric scenario containing flat directions. We study the field fluctuations during pure de Sitter inflation, following the evolution of the infrared modes by numerically solving the appropriate Langevin equations. We demonstrate that for the Standard Model U(1)Y, SU(2)L or SU(3)c gauge couplings, as well as for large enough Yukawa couplings, the fluctuations along the non-flat directions effectively block the fluctuations along the flat directions. The usual expected behaviour 2∝N, with N the number of e-folds, may be strongly violated, depending on the coupling strengths. As a consequence, those cosmological considerations, which are derived assuming that during inflation flat directions fluctuate freely, should be revised.
Nanocellulose-Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Applications: A Review

Nanocellulose has emerged in recent years as one of the most notable green materials available due to its numerous appealing factors, including its non-toxic nature, biodegradability, high aspect ratio, superior mechanical capabilities, remarkable optical properties, anisotropic shape, high mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility and tailorable surface chemistry. It is proving to be a promising material in a range of applications pertinent to the material engineering to biomedical applications. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations. This review presents an overview of general concepts in nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for sustainable applications. Beginning with a brief introduction of cellulose, nanocellulose sources, structural characteristics and the extraction process for those new to the area, we go on to more in-depth content. Following that, the research on techniques used to modify the surface properties of nanocellulose by functionalizing surface hydroxyl groups to impart desirable hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance, as well as their characteristics and functionalization strategies, were explained. The usage of nanocellulose in nanocomposites in versatile fields, as well as novel and foreseen markets of nanocellulose products, are also discussed. Finally, the difficulties, challenges and prospects of materials based on nanocellulose are then discussed in the last section for readers searching for future high-end eco-friendly functional materials.
Effects of curvature and gravity from flat spacetime

We study some aspects of gravity in relation to flat spacetime. At first, we study an accelerated observer in Minkowski space as a quantum tunnelling problem in Rindler space. Both Bosonic and Fermionic modes are calculated to construct a reduced density matrix of particles tunnelling out across the accelerated Rindler horizon, giving a thermal spectrum characterized by a temperature proportional to the local acceleration - Unruh temperature. So, we calculate both the spectrum and temperature from within the tunnelling framework. In another direction, following Utiyama-Sciama-Kibble, we localise the Poincare group to obtain a Poincare gauge theory (PGT) of gravity. It had been pointed before in the literature, that the Poincare symmetries seemed to be recoverable canonically only on-shell. This would however mean existence of two independent sets of symmetries, each by itself having number of gauge parameters equal to the Poincare group, implying an apparent doubling of symmetries. To resolve this, we first start by a constraint analysis and construct the first-class gauge generator through an explicitly off-shell algorithm. We investigate both the Mielke-Baekler 3d model and a PGT formulation of New-Massive gravity. Next, we carefully study the symmetries and corresponding Noether identities to show that the difference between the two sets is a `trivial symmetry. ' These is a transformation of fields that is not a true gauge symmetry as it gives rise to no new gauge degeneracy in defining physical states.
Model for bremsstrahlung emission accompanying interactions between protons and nuclei from low energies up to intermediate energies: Role of magnetic emission

A new model of the bremsstrahlung emission which accompanies proton decay and collisions of protons off nuclei in the energy region from the lowest up to intermediate, has been developed. This model includes spin formalism, potential approach for description of interaction between protons and nuclei, and operator of emission includes component of the magnetic emission (defined on the basis of Pauli equation). In the problem of the bremsstrahlung during the proton decay in the first time a role of the magnetic emission is studied using such a model. For the studied $^{146}{\rm Tm}$ nucleus it has been studied the following: (1) How much does the magnetic emission change the full bremsstrahlung spectrum? (2) At which angle is the magnetic emission the most intensive relatively electric one? (3) Is there some space region where the magnetic emission increases strongly relatively electric one? (4) How intensive is the magnetic emission in the tunneling region? (5) Which values has the probability at its maximum and at zero energy limit of the emitted photons? It is demonstrated that the model is able to describe enough well experimental data of the bremsstrahlung emission which accompanies collisions of protons off the $^{9}{\rm Be}$, $^{12}{\rm C}$ and $^{208}{\rm Pb}$ nuclei at the incident energy $T_{\rm lab}=140$ MeV (at the photon energy up to 120 MeV).
Multimodal Finger Pulse Wave Sensing: Comparison of Forcecardiography and Photoplethysmography Sensors

Pulse waves (PWs) are mechanical waves that propagate from the ventricles through the whole vascular system as brisk enlargements of the blood vessels’ lumens, caused by sudden increases in local blood pressure. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is one of the most widespread techniques employed for PW sensing due to its ability to measure blood oxygen saturation. Other sensors and techniques have been proposed to record PWs, and include applanation tonometers, piezoelectric sensors, force sensors of different kinds, and accelerometers. The performances of these sensors have been analyzed individually, and their results have been found not to be in good agreement (e.g., in terms of PW morphology and the physiological parameters extracted). Such a comparison has led to a deeper comprehension of their strengths and weaknesses, and ultimately, to the consideration that a multimodal approach accomplished via sensor fusion would lead to a more robust, reliable, and potentially more informative methodology for PW monitoring. However, apart from various multichannel and multi-site systems proposed in the literature, no true multimodal sensors for PW recording have been proposed yet that acquire PW signals simultaneously from the same measurement site. In this study, a true multimodal PW sensor is presented, which was obtained by integrating a piezoelectric forcecardiography (FCG) sensor and a PPG sensor, thus enabling simultaneous mechanical–optical measurements of PWs from the same site on the body. The novel sensor performance was assessed by measuring the finger PWs of five healthy subjects at rest. The preliminary results of this study showed, for the first time, that a delay exists between the PWs recorded simultaneously by the PPG and FCG sensors. Despite such a delay, the pulse waveforms acquired by the PPG and FCG sensors, along with their first and second derivatives, had very high normalized cross-correlation indices in excess of 0.98. Six well-established morphological parameters of the PWs were compared via linear regression, correlation, and Bland–Altman analyses, which showed that some of these parameters were not in good agreement for all subjects. The preliminary results of this proof-of-concept study must be confirmed in a much larger cohort of subjects. Further investigation is also necessary to shed light on the physical origin of the observed delay between optical and mechanical PW signals. This research paves the way for the development of true multimodal, wearable, integrated sensors and for potential sensor fusion approaches to improve the performance of PW monitoring at various body sites.
Temperature dependence of the NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate for spin- 1 2 chains

We use recent developments in the framework of a time-dependent matrix product state method to compute the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation rate 1/T1 for spin-1/2 chains under magnetic field and for different Hamiltonians (XXX, XXZ, isotropically dimerized). We compute numerically the temperature dependence of the 1/T1. We consider both gapped and gapless phases, and also the proximity of quantum critical points. At temperatures much lower than the typical exchange energy scale, our results are in excellent agreement with analytical results, such as the ones derived from the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory and bosonization, which are valid in this regime. We also cover the regime for which the temperature T is comparable to the exchange coupling. In this case analytical theories are not appropriate, but this regime is relevant for various new compounds with exchange couplings in the range of tens of Kelvin. For the gapped phases, either the fully polarized phase for spin chains or the low-magnetic-field phase for the dimerized systems, we find an exponential decrease in /(kB T ) of the relaxation time and can compute the gap . Close to the quantum critical point our results are in good agreement with the scaling behavior based on the existence of free excitations.
Flexible and Dynamic Scheduling of Mixed-Criticality Systems

A mixed-criticality system refers to an integrated embedded system in which tasks with different criticality levels run on a shared computing platform. In the design and development of mixed-criticality systems, how to schedule tasks to ensure that high-criticality tasks are executed in time and low-criticality tasks are served as much as possible is a major problem to be studied. Existing studies tend to consider pessimistic processing strategies to ensure the schedulability of functional tasks with high-criticality requirements. However, excessive pessimistic processing can lead to waste of system resources, thereby reducing the performance of functional tasks with low-criticality requirements. In this paper, we propose an adaptive-service-level adjustment strategy for low-criticality tasks, which solves the problem of waste of resources caused by invalid compensation in the low-criticality task compensation method of flexible mixed-criticality systems. In view of the problem that the existing methods mostly use static budget allocation and static independent mode switching without considering the actual operation of the task, this paper also proposes a flexible and dynamic mixed-criticality system scheduling scheme and designs a system execution framework, scheduling algorithm, and dynamic allocation strategy of maximum execution budget, in order to reduce unnecessary redundant resource expenditures and system switching costs and to improve the performance of low-criticality tasks. Experiments show that the proposed methods are effective compared to the state-of-the-art.
Soft Starting Algorithm to minimize the transient inductor current and transient capacitor voltage in series resonant Dual Active Bridge Converter

Bidirectional Dual-Active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter is one of the emerging technologies to be used in Electric vehicle charging and renewable energy application like solar cell, fuel cell etc., where stepping up/down of DC voltage is required. As DAB is operated at higher switching frequency switching loss is very high. By using resonant converter topologies of DAB soft switching is achieved and switching losses are reduced but starting current through inductor and starting voltage across capacitor is very high. In this paper, design and modelling of 207/48 V,3000 W bidirectional DC/DC DAB Series Resonant Converter is done; open loop soft starting algorithm is used for starting in LC type series resonant converter DAB and CLLC type series resonant converter DAB to reduce the high transient currents through resonant inductor and high transient voltage across resonant capacitor, comparison of peak currents and steady state currents are made.
Wavelet multi-scale analysis on particle dynamic characteristics of the vertical tubes in a horizontal-vertical pneumatic conveying system

Abstract To study the flow characteristics of particles in the vertical tube, the velocity is measured at the minimum pressure drop (MPD) by using a high-speed particle image velocimeter (PIV). Firstly, the pneumatic conveying system’s pressure drop and the particle velocity characteristics in the vertical tube were investigated. Then, for the axial fluctuation velocity of the particles, the continuous wavelet transform, and one-dimensional discrete orthogonal wavelet decomposition are used to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the particles based on the time-frequency characteristics, the contribution of wavelet levels to the energy of particle fluctuations, the auto-correlation of each wavelet level and the probability distribution of wavelet levels. The results demonstrate that large-scale movement dominates particle movement in the vertical tube, whereas small-scale movement increases as conveying height rises. The energy contribution of the low-frequency wavelet level is larger, and this contribution decreases with the acceleration of the particles along the tube. The high-frequency wavelet level’s auto-correlation coefficients decay more slowly and have a longer duration. At increasing wavelet levels, the skewness and kurtosis coefficients grow, and the departure of the Gaussian probability distribution becomes more obvious.
Origin of the mass splitting of azimuthal anisotropies in a multiphase transport model

Both hydrodynamics-based models and a multiphase transport (AMPT) model can reproduce the mass splitting of azimuthal anisotropy $({v}_{n})$ at low transverse momentum $({p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}})$ as observed in heavy ion collisions. In the AMPT model, however, ${v}_{n}$ is mainly generated by the parton escape mechanism, not by the hydrodynamic flow. In this study we provide detailed results on the mass splitting of ${v}_{n}$ in this transport model, including ${v}_{2}$ and ${v}_{3}$ of various hadron species in $d$+Au and Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and $p$+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. We show that the mass splitting of hadron ${v}_{2}$ and ${v}_{3}$ in AMPT first arises from the kinematics in the quark coalescence hadronization process, and then, more dominantly, comes from hadronic rescatterings, even though the contribution from the latter to the overall charged hadron ${v}_{n}$ is small. We further show that there is no qualitative difference between heavy ion collisions and small-system collisions or between elliptic $({v}_{2})$ and triangular $({v}_{3})$ anisotropies. Our studies thus demonstrate that the mass splitting of ${v}_{2}$ and ${v}_{3}$ at low ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ is not a unique signature of hydrodynamic collective flow but can be the interplay of several physics effects.
Thermodynamics of a BTZ black hole solution with a Horndeski source

In three dimensions, we consider a particular truncation of the Horndeski action that reduces to the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian with a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and a scalar field whose dynamics is governed by its usual kinetic term together with a nonminimal kinetic coupling. Requiring the radial component of the conserved current to vanish, the solution turns out to be the BTZ black hole geometry with a radial scalar field well-defined at the horizon. This means in particular that the stress tensor associated to the matter source behaves on-shell as an effective cosmological constant term. We construct an Euclidean action whose field equations are consistent with the original ones and such that the constraint on the radial component of the conserved current also appears as a field equation. With the help of this Euclidean action, we derive the mass and the entropy of the solution, and found that they are proportional to the thermodynamical quantities of the BTZ solution by an overall factor that depends on the cosmological constant. The reality condition and the positivity of the mass impose the cosmological constant to be bounded from above as $\Lambda\leq-\frac{1}{l^2}$ where the limiting case $\Lambda=-\frac{1}{l^2}$ reduces to the BTZ solution with a vanishing scalar field. Exploiting a scaling symmetry of the reduced action, we also obtain the usual three-dimensional Smarr formula. In the last section, we extend all these results in higher dimensions where the metric turns out to be the Schwarzschild-AdS spacetime with planar horizon.