Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexually Antagonistic “Zygotic Drive” of the Sex Chromosomes

Genomic conflict is perplexing because it causes the fitness of a species to decline rather than improve. Many diverse forms of genomic conflict have been identified, but this extant tally may be incomplete. Here, we show that the unusual characteristics of the sex chromosomes can, in principle, lead to a previously unappreciated form of sexual genomic conflict. The phenomenon occurs because there is selection in the heterogametic sex for sex-linked mutations that harm the sex of offspring that does not carry them, whenever there is competition among siblings. This harmful phenotype can be expressed as an antagonistic green-beard effect that is mediated by epigenetic parental effects, parental investment, and/or interactions among siblings. We call this form of genomic conflict sexually antagonistic “zygotic drive”, because it is functionally equivalent to meiotic drive, except that it operates during the zygotic and postzygotic stages of the life cycle rather than the meiotic and gametic stages. A combination of mathematical modeling and a survey of empirical studies is used to show that sexually antagonistic zygotic drive is feasible, likely to be widespread in nature, and that it can promote a genetic “arms race” between the homo- and heteromorphic sex chromosomes. This new category of genomic conflict has the potential to strongly influence other fundamental evolutionary processes, such as speciation and the degeneration of the Y and W sex chromosomes. It also fosters a new genetic hypothesis for the evolution of enigmatic fitness-reducing traits like the high frequency of spontaneous abortion, sterility, and homosexuality observed in humans.
Synthesizing nonanomalous event-based controllers for liveness goals

We present SGR(1), a novel synthesis technique and methodological guidelines for automatically constructing event-based behavior models. Our approach works for an expressive subset of liveness properties, distinguishes between controlled and monitored actions, and differentiates system goals from environment assumptions. We show that assumptions must be modeled carefully in order to avoid synthesizing anomalous behavior models. We characterize nonanomalous models and propose assumption compatibility, a sufficient condition, as a methodological guideline.
Real time implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography over a open source VoIP server

This paper presents the design and the implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography in an Asterisk VoIP server which serves as an exchange for placing voice calls over the internet. Voice over internet protocol refers to the transmission of speech encoded into data packets transmitted across networks. VoIP networks are prone to confidentiality threats due to the weak keys used by the AES algorithm for encryption of the VoIP packets. So, in order to strengthen the key for encryption/decryption, Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) Algorithm key agreement scheme is employed with smaller key sizes resulting in faster computations. The elliptic curve used in this paper is a modified NIST P-256 curve and key generation algorithm using split exponents for fast exponentiation has been implemented to speed up and increase the randomness of key generation. The implementation of split exponents also help in increasing the security of the keys generated. The key generated by ECDH is highly secure because the discrete logarithmic problem is very difficult in this scheme. This Method is successfully carrying out voice calls on VoIP clients connected to the internet. This ECDH key exchanging mechanism for voice calls in real time is implemented on an Asterisk PBX (Private Branch eXchange), using AGI(Asterisk Gateway Interface) server.
The Journal of Systems and Software

Spectrum-based fault localization is amongst the most effective techniques for automatic fault localization. However, abstractions of program execution traces, one of the required inputs for this technique, require instrumentation of the software under test at a statement level of granularity in order to compute a list of potential faulty statements. This introduces a considerable overhead in the fault localization process, which can even become prohibitive in, e.g., resource constrained environments. To counter this problem, we propose a new approach, coined dynamic code coverage (DCC), aimed at reducing this instrumentation overhead. This technique, by means of using coarser instrumentation, starts by analyzing coverage traces for large components of the system under test. It then progressively increases the instrumentation detail for faulty components, until the statement level of detail is reached. To assess the validity of our proposed approach, an empirical evaluation was performed, injecting faults in six real-world software projects. The empirical evaluation demonstrates that the dynamic code coverage approach reduces the execution overhead that exists in spectrum-based fault localization, and even presents a more concise potential fault ranking to the user. We have observed execution time reductions of 27% on average and diagnostic report size reductions of 77% on average.
One step forward, two steps back: The key to wearables in the field is the app

Wearable trackers and sensors are becoming an increasingly popular option for people to manage their health and fitness and for physicians to monitor patients with chronic illnesses. Consumer wearables such as the Jawbone UP and Fitbit Flex empower people to change habits that may help prevent health problems. The success of wearables depends on their perceived ease of use and how successfully users are able to incorporate them into their lives over the long term. We conducted a usability test and field study with fourteen users comparing two consumer wearable devices. While participants rated the aesthetic design of the Jawbone UP24 higher, they rated app characteristics such as usefulness and trust in data generated of the Fitbit Flex app higher. These findings suggest that while wearable technologies are advancing in capabilities, their acceptance and satisfaction may depend on the quality of the app, in addition to the qualities of the wearable device itself.
A new modula compiler for the LSI-11

This note contains a brief description of a new Modula compiler developed at Philips Laboratories. The compiler generates code for the LSI-11 microprocessor. It is written in Pascal and operates under control of the U.C. S.D. system. Philips Laboratories Modula (PL Modula) differs slightly from original Modula as defined by Wirth. These differences are outlined in section 3.
Rapid Evolution of piRNA Pathway in the Teleost Fish: Implication for an Adaptation to Transposon Diversity

The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway is responsible for germline specification, gametogenesis, transposon silencing, and genome integrity. Transposable elements can disrupt genome and its functions. However, piRNA pathway evolution and its adaptation to transposon diversity in the teleost fish remain unknown. This article unveils evolutionary scene of piRNA pathway and its association with diverse transposons by systematically comparative analysis on diverse teleost fish genomes. Selective pressure analysis on piRNA pathway and miRNA/siRNA (microRNA/small interfering RNA) pathway genes between teleosts and mammals showed an accelerated evolution of piRNA pathway genes in the teleost lineages, and positive selection on functional PAZ (Piwi/Ago/Zwille) and Tudor domains involved in the Piwi–piRNA/Tudor interaction, suggesting that the amino acid substitutions are adaptive to their functions in piRNA pathway in the teleost fish species. Notably five piRNA pathway genes evolved faster in the swamp eel, a kind of protogynous hermaphrodite fish, than the other teleosts, indicating a differential evolution of piRNA pathway between the swamp eel and other gonochoristic fishes. In addition, genome-wide analysis showed higher diversity of transposons in the teleost fish species compared with mammals. Our results suggest that rapidly evolved piRNA pathway in the teleost fish is likely to be involved in the adaption to transposon diversity.
Low cost approach for real time sign language recognition

Sign Language is the language of people who suffer from speech and hearing defects. Still the rest of the world doesn't have a clear idea of sign language. The communication between speech impaired people and other people is very inefficient. To overcome this problem technology can act as an intermediate flexible medium for speech impaired people to communicate amongst themselves and with other individuals as well as to enhance their level of learning / education. The suggested solutions in the literature for sign language recognition are very expensive for day to day use. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to find out a low cost affordable method of sign language interpretation. This paper discusses the possible ways to deal with the sign language postures to identify the signs and convert them into text and speech using appearance based approach with a low cost web camera. Further this approach will be very useful to the sign language learners to practice sign language. During the research available human computer interaction approaches in posture recognition were tested and evaluated. A series of image processing techniques with Hu-moment classification was identified as the best approach. The system is able to recognize selected Sign Language signs with the accuracy of 76% without a controlled background with small light adjustments.
Happier and less isolated: internet use in old age

This paper explores the impact of internet use in old age on social isolation and on subjective well-being. Does internet use make older people less or more lonely? Does it crowd out face-to-face contacts or enhance them? We found that social isolation is lower among internet users aged 65 or over. Using a European multi-country cross-sectional dataset with over 11000 observations, we found that those who use the internet regularly have a lower chance of being isolated, more so for those who use the internet every day, controlling for personal characteristics such as income, marital status, gender and health condition. Thus, personal social meetings and virtual contacts are complementary, rather than substituting for each other. Internet use may be a useful way of reducing social isolation. We also found a positive relationship between regular internet use and self-reported life satisfaction, all else being equal. Our findings were robust in alternative specifications as well.
Mannich Bases: An Important Pharmacophore in Present Scenario

Mannich bases are the end products of Mannich reaction and are known as beta-amino ketone carrying compounds. Mannich reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming nucleophilic addition reaction and is a key step in synthesis of a wide variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and so forth. Mannich reaction is important for the construction of nitrogen containing compounds. There is a number of aminoalkyl chain bearing Mannich bases like fluoxetine, atropine, ethacrynic acid, trihexyphenidyl, and so forth with high curative value. The literature studies enlighten the fact that Mannich bases are very reactive and recognized to possess potent diverse activities like anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antifilarial, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, antitubercular, analgesic, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antipsychotic, antiviral activities and so forth. The biological activity of Mannich bases is mainly attributed to α, β-unsaturated ketone which can be generated by deamination of hydrogen atom of the amine group.
SAT-based ATPG beyond stuck-at fault testing

Abstract To cope with the problems of technology scaling, a robust design has become desirable. Self-checking circuits combined with rollback or repair strategies can provide a low cost solution for many applications. However, standard synthesis procedures may violate design constraints or lead to sub-optimal designs. The SAT-based strategies for the verification and synthesis of self-checking circuits presented in this paper can provide efficient solutions.
An amphiphilic region in the cytoplasmic domain of KdpD is recognized by the signal recognition particle and targeted to the Escherichia coli membrane

The sensor protein KdpD of Escherichia coli is composed of a large N‐terminal hydrophilic region (aa 1–400), four transmembrane regions (aa 401–498) and a large hydrophilic region (aa 499–894) at the C‐terminus. KdpD requires the signal recognition particle (SRP) for its targeting to the membrane. Deletions within KdpD show that the first 50 residues are required for SRP‐driven membrane insertion. A fusion protein of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) with KdpD is found localized at the membrane only when SRP is present. The membrane targeting of GFP was not observed when the first 50 KdpD residues were deleted. A truncated mutant of KdpD containing only the first 25 amino acids fused to GFP lost its ability to specifically interact with SRP, whereas a specific interaction between SRP and the first 48 amino acids of KdpD fused to GFP was confirmed by pull‐down experiments. Conclusively, a small amphiphilic region of 27 residues within the amino‐terminal domain of KdpD (aa 22–48) is recognized by SRP and targets the protein to the membrane. This shows that membrane proteins with a large N‐terminal region in the cytoplasm can be membrane‐targeted early on to allow co‐translational membrane insertion of their distant transmembrane regions.
A future supermarket system based on context-aware

We propose a future supermarket systems based on context aware. Many factors affect consumers' behaviors in the supermarket. These factors bring about the low efficiency in selecting the goods. We identified the reasons which reduce the consumers' efficiency and found the way to solve the problems. The solution ways is just our system requirements. The architecture of system is design to work with RFID readers and trolleys with notepads to collect the consumers' message in a better way. One example of the implementation is also shown to validate our system.
Semantic objects and context for finding roads

This paper presents a multi-resolution approach for automatic extraction of roads from digital aerial imagery. Roads are modeled as a network of intersections and links between the intersections. For different context regions, i.e., rural, forest, and urban areas, the model describes different relations between background objects, e.g., buildings or trees, and semantic road objects, e.g., road-parts, road- segments, road-links, and intersections. The classification of the image into context regions is done by texture analysis. The approach to detect roads is based on the extraction of edges in a high resolution image and the extraction of lines in an image of reduced resolution. Using both resolution levels and explicit knowledge about roads, hypotheses for roadsides are generated. The roadsides are used to construct quadrilaterals representing road-parts and polygons representing intersections. Neighboring road-parts are chained to road-segments. Road-links, i.e., the roads between two intersections, are built by grouping of road-segments and closing of gaps between road-segments. Road-links are constructed using knowledge about context.
A New Knowledge Fusion Method Based on Semantic Rules

In this paper, we present a new algorithm to fuse distributed knowledge objects based on semantic relationships and rules. Knowledge objects are the representation with ontology and meta-knowledge set. A set of comparing rules to restrict the fusion condition is described formally. Filtering knowledge objects by both structural formats and semantic rules can classify them into different granularity levels. They also instruct the fusion process to avoid illogic results. Experimental results of a case study show that the proposed knowledge fusion algorithm is extensible and it can effectively improve the adaptation degree of fused knowledge objects
Pooled Estimated of Effects of Anticoagulants versus Placebo or Aspirin on Hemorrhagic Stroke , Recurrent Ischemic Stroke , and Pulmonary Embolism

Background and Purpose—The role of anticoagulant treatment for acute cardioembolic stroke is uncertain. We performed an updated meta-analysis of all randomized trials to obtain the best estimates of the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for the initial treatment of acute cardioembolic stroke. Methods—Using electronic and manual searches of the literature, we identified randomized trials comparing anticoagulants (unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin or heparinoids), started within 48 hours, with other treatments (aspirin or placebo) in patients with acute ischemic cardioembolic stroke. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data on study design, quality, and clinical outcomes, including death or disability, all strokes, recurrent ischemic stroke, and cerebral symptomatic bleeding. Odds ratios for individual outcomes were calculated for each trial and data from all the trials were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results—Seven trials, involving 4624 patients with acute cardioembolic stroke, met the criteria for inclusion. Compared with other treatments, anticoagulants were associated with a nonsignificant reduction in recurrent ischemic stroke within 7 to 14 days (3.0% versus 4.9%, odds ratio 0.68, 95% CI: 0.44 to 1.06, P 0.09, number needed to treat 53), a significant increase in symptomatic intracranial bleeding (2.5% versus 0.7%, odds ratio 2.89; 95% CI: 1.19 to 7.01, P 0.02, number needed to harm 55), and a similar rate of death or disability at final follow up (73.5% versus 73.8%, odds ratio 1.01; 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.24, P 0.9). Conclusions—Our findings indicate that in patients with acute cardioembolic stroke, early anticoagulation is associated with a nonsignificant reduction in recurrence of ischemic stroke, no substantial reduction in death and disability, and an increased intracranial bleeding. (Stroke. 2007;38:000-000.)
Volatility Dynamics of the Greater China Stock Markets: A Multivariate Asymmetric Approach

This paper examines the volatility dynamics of the greater China stock markets (Shanghai Aand Bshares, Shenzhen Aand B-shares, Taiwan, and Hong Kong) by employing a multivariate (tetravariate) framework that incorporates the features of asymmetries, persistence, and time-varying correlations, which are typically observed in stock markets of developed economies. Specifically, we introduce two new multivariate GARCH models that do not nest each other: the Varying-Correlations (VC)fractionally integrated asymmetric power ARCH (VCFIAPARCH) and the VC-fractionally integrated asymmetric GARCH (VC-FIAGARCH) models. Our results indicate that, unlike the Shenzhen and Shanghai A-shares, Hong Kong, and Taiwan markets, both the B-share markets do not exhibit significant asymmetric volatility (“leverage effect”). Furthermore, return volatility in the A-share market is substantially higher than the B-share market before April 1997, but this result is reversed after that. Also, there is strong evidence of volatility persistence in all the markets, and this finding is robust to changes in model specification. It also appears possible that all the greater China stock markets share a common degree of persistence in volatility. Our examination of the correlation dynamics of these markets indicate that the Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges are highly positively correlated with each other, with the strength of correlation increasing after the late nineties. Their correlations with the Hong Kong and Taiwanese markets, however, are much weaker and do not display any clear trends.
Axonal Growth and Guidance Defects in Frizzled3 Knock-Out Mice: A Comparison of Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurofilament Staining, and Genetically Directed Cell Labeling

Previous work has identified axonal outgrowth and/or guidance defects in the brain and spinal cord of prenatal Frizzled3 (Fz3)–/– mice. To systematically explore the axonal defects in Fz3–/– mice and to compare techniques for the global assessment of axon tracts in the developing mouse, we have analyzed wild-type and Fz3–/– brains using (1) diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (μDTI), (2) neurofilament staining, and (3) two genetically directed neuronal labeling methods. Confirming and extending the previous work of Wang et al. (2002), we find that the following structures/tracts are absent or greatly reduced in the Fz3–/– brain: the anterior commissure, cerebral peduncle (corticospinal tract), corpus callosum, fornix, internal capsule (thalamocortical and corticothalamic tracts), stria medullaris, stria terminalis, and hippocampal commissure. An aberrant U-shaped fiber bundle immediately caudal to the optic tract connects the left and right sides of the Fz3–/– thalamus and likely represents a default pathway for thalamic axons that failed to enter the internal capsule. At embryonic day 18, labeling of cortical pyramidal cells with a yellow fluorescent protein reporter reveals widespread fragmentation of axons with no apparent loss of pyramidal cell bodies. Fragmentation likely represents one stage in the process that normally eliminates stalled or mistargeted axons. This work demonstrates the usefulness of μDTI and genetically directed neuronal labeling for the analysis of nervous system defects in the mouse.
Children's rehabilitation with humanoid robots and wearable inertial measurement units

The purpose of this work is to design a human computer interaction scheme for children in arm rehabilitation therapy. A humanoid robot demonstrates selected arm rehabilitation motions to children. Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used to monitor children's movements in order to give them proper feedback during therapy and to evaluate their motion performance. Preliminary experiments are done with 5 therapy motions which were selected by physiotherapists. Each motion is related to a goal based functional activity in order to help children to understand and perform the motion easily. Data from children and physiotherapists are recorded and analyzed. It is observed how children accept the robot and the IMUs. Preliminary results show various relationships between therapy motions and specific quaternion axes.
WITTEN LAPLACIAN ON PINNED PATH GROUP AND ITS EXPECTED SEMICLASSICAL BEHAVIOR

A right invariant Riemannian metric is defined on a pinned path group over a compact Lie group G. The energy function of the path is a Morse function and the critical points are geodesics. We calculate the eigenvalues of the Hessian at the critical points when G=SU(n). On the other hand, there exists a pinned Brownian motion measure νλ with a variance parameter 1/λ on the pinned path group and we can define a Hodge-Kodaira-Witten type operator □λ on L2(νλ)-space of p-forms on the pinned path group. By using the explicit expression of eigenvalues of the Hessian of the energy function, we discuss the asymptotic behavior of the botton of the spectrum of □λ as λ→∞ by a formal semiclassical analysis.