Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct pseudo‐spectral method for optimal control of obstacle problem – an optimal control problem governed by elliptic variational inequality

In this paper, a computational technique based on the pseudo‐spectral method is presented for the solution of the optimal control problem constrained with elliptic variational inequality. In fact, our aim in this paper is to present a direct approach for this class of optimal control problems. By using the pseudo‐spectral method, the infinite dimensional mathematical programming with equilibrium constraint, which can be an equivalent form of the considered problem, is converted to a finite dimensional mathematical programming with complementarity constraint. Then, the finite dimensional problem can be solved by the well‐developed methods. Finally, numerical examples are presented to show the validity and efficiency of the technique. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of service quality, product quality, price, and innovation on customer loyalty at satay restaurant with the customer satisfaction as an intervening variable

Yogyakarta is one of the regions in Indonesia that has a fast-growing culinary industry. The growth in the number of restaurants present in Yogyakarta shows that the business sector has experienced growth. One of the food businesses that is taking part in feeling the tight competition today is the satay restaurants business. Satay is a traditional food that has a prominent level of popularity in Indonesia and even in the world. Yogyakarta already has the most variety of satay with a total of twenty-one types of satays and even every year it continues to grow. As a form of food business, this satay restaurant needs to have a competitive advantage to survive and win the business competition. One way to create a competitive advantage is to apply service quality, product quality, price, and innovation properly to satisfy customers. The study aims to decide the effect of service quality, product quality, price, and innovation on customer satisfaction at satay restaurants in Yogyakarta. The analytical method used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which was conducted with the help of SmartPLS software. The population in this study were all individual customers who had visited a satay restaurant in the province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta with a total sample of 211 respondents. The result of the study shows that service quality, product quality, price, and innovation have a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction at Satay restaurant in Yogyakarta.
Application of model predictive control to building design optimisation

Optimisation algorithms offer a valuable tool for enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings by fine-tuning specific design parameters. Model Predictive Control (MPC) emerges as a compelling technology to address the rising need for improved efficiency and adaptable operation within building energy systems. A simulation study using MATLAB and EnergyPlus was conducted to examine the influence of MPC and building design optimisation (BDO) on wall insulation thickness and internal mass area. The focus was on their impact on heating energy use and indoor thermal comfort in an office room located in Brussels, Belgium. The study revealed that the sole implementation of MPC led to a 7.6% decrease in heating energy use, while the application of BDO resulted in a more significant reduction of 12.8%. Remarkably, the fusion of MPC and BDO yielded the highest energy savings, cutting heating electricity usage by 23.4% compared to the baseline model. Moreover, MPC effectively maintained indoor temperature within the desired thermal comfort boundaries. The optimal wall insulation thickness and internal mass area were also ascertained through BDO, both of which exceeded the levels set by the baseline model. BDO, in conjunction with MPC, demanded the maximum permissible insulation thickness of 320 mm for the external north and south walls. Interestingly, when BDO was combined with MPC, the requirement for the internal mass area reduced by 11.7 m2 compared to utilising BDO alone. The study’s results underscore the potential of integrating MPC with BDO to elevate building energy efficiency. Furthermore, this strategy may be adaptable to optimising other building parameters at the early design stage, thereby augmenting overall building energy efficiency.
A Bayesian Multiresolution Approach for Noise Removal in Medical Magnetic Resonance Images

Abstract A Bayesian approach using wavelet coefficient modeling is proposed for de-noising additive white Gaussian noise in medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In a parallel acquisition process, the magnetic resonance image is affected by white Gaussian noise, which is additive in nature. A normal inverse Gaussian probability distribution function is taken for modeling the wavelet coefficients. A Bayesian approach is implemented for filtering the noisy wavelet coefficients. The maximum likelihood estimator and median absolute deviation estimator are used to find the signal parameters, signal variances, and noise variances of the distribution. The minimum mean square error estimator is used for estimating the true wavelet coefficients. The proposed method is simulated on MRI. Performance and image quality parameters show that the proposed method has the capability to reduce the noise more effectively than other state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method provides 8.83%, 2.02%, 6.61%, and 30.74% improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio, structure similarity index, Pratt’s figure of merit, and Bhattacharyya coefficient, respectively, over existing well-accepted methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by using the mean squared difference (MSD) parameter. MSD shows the degree of dissimilarity and is 0.000324 for the proposed method, which is less than that of the other existing methods and proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of achieving better signal-to-noise ratio performance than other tested de-noising methods.
“Conversation is everything”: How teachers and students create environments where open discussion can thrive

ABSTRACT This article draws on qualitative case studies of student-centered classroom activities to consider how pedagogy and classroom climate interact with students’ emotional experiences in the classroom. Findings suggest that teachers’ beliefs about the purpose of classroom discussion influence their attendance to students’ emotions in a way that affects levels of safety, trust, and respect within the classroom, which affects students’ willingness to participate in class. These case studies provide examples of what open classroom environments look like in liberal, social constructivist settings and what happens when teachers attempt to incorporate more radical pedagogies. They also demonstrate the challenges that might make it difficult to maintain an open climate in light of the complex and dynamic relationships students have with one another, with their teacher, and with their social role in the classroom group.
Passive coherent location direct signal suppression using hardware mixing techniques

Passive coherent location (PCL) is a radar technique, in which the system uses reflections from opportunistic illumination sources in the environment for detection and tracking. Typically, PCL uses civilian communication transmitters not ideally suited for radar. The physical geometry of PCL is developed on the basis of bistatic radar without control of the transmitter antenna or waveform design. This poses the problem that often the receiver is designed with two antennas and channels, one for reference and one for surveillance. The surveillance channel is also contaminated with the direct signal and thus direct signal suppression (DSS) techniques must be used. This paper proposes an analytical solution based around hardware for DSS which is compared to other methods available in the literature. The methods are tested in varying bistatic geometries and with varying target radar cross section (RCS) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
High Frequency Transformers for Solid-State Transformer Applications

This paper focuses on the study of the high frequency transformer incorporated in solid- state transformers, specifically on the development of the steps that enable the design of an optimized high frequency transformer and its equivalent model based on the desired characteristics. The impact of operating a transformer at high frequency and the respective solutions that allow this impact to be reduced are analyzed, alongside the numerous advantages that the utilization of these transformers has over traditional 50/60 Hz transformers. Furthermore, the power scheme of the solid-state transformer is outlined, focusing on the power converters, which are immediately before and after the high frequency transformer (HFT). We also investigate a control technique that allows for correct operation and the existence of power bidirectionality. In a novel approach, this paper demonstrates the systematic steps for designing an HFT according to the desired specifications of each given project, helping students and engineers achieve their objectives in power-electronic applications. Moreover, this paper aims at increasing the knowledge of this area of power electronics and facilitating the development of new topologies with high power density, which are very important to the integration of renewable power sources and other applications. Finally, a simulation is presented to validate a high frequency transformer and its control technique.
Discussing the distance bias in the estimation of Hi-GAL compact source physical properties - II. Evolutionary status and star formation rate

The derivation of the evolutionary stage and rate of star formation of star-forming sites from Galactic single-dish far-infrared and submillimetre surveys suffers from the relatively limited spatial resolution that prevents access to ‘core’ scales (r ≤ 0.1 pc) for heliocentric distances d 1 kpc. In a previous article, we studied the implications of this ‘distance bias’ for the mass–radius relationship and its ability to diagnose potential sites for high-mass star formation, using a method that simulates the appearance at large distances of nearby and well-resolved star-forming regions mapped with Herschel. In the present article, we use the same method to quantify the bias introduced in the estimate of the evolutionary stage of dense ‘clumps’ (r ≥ 0.1 pc) revealed from the Herschel Hi-GAL survey, focusing in particular on the Lbol/Menv ratio, which is widely used as an evolutionary indicator. Furthermore, we discuss how the star formation rate (SFR) and efficiency (SFE) change with distance. The location of sources extracted from the virtual distance-displaced maps in the Lbol versus Menv diagram provides evolutionary indications that are consistent with those derived from the underlying population of cores and do not fluctuate substantially with distance. We also show that estimates of the SFR from integrated clump properties are consistent with estimates from the underlying resolved source population and show only minor variations with virtual distance. We conclude that methodologies commonly used to infer evolutionary indicators from clump-integrated quantities from large-scale single-dish Galactic far-infrared and submillimetre surveys are robust against distance and angular-resolution bias.
HealthE: Recognizing Health Advice & Entities in Online Health Communities

The task of extracting and classifying entities is at the core of important Health-NLP systems such as misinformation detection, medical dialogue modeling, and patient-centric information tools. Granular knowledge of textual entities allows these systems to utilize knowledge bases, retrieve relevant information, and build graphical representations of texts. Unfortunately, most existing works on health entity recognition are trained on clinical notes, which are both lexically and semantically different from public health information found in online health resources or social media. In other words, existing health entity recognizers vastly under-represent the entities relevant to public health data, such as those provided by sites like WebMD. It is crucial that future Health-NLP systems be able to model such information, as people rely on online health advice for personal health management and clinically relevant decision making. In this work, we release a new annotated dataset, HealthE, which facilitates the large-scale analysis of online textual health advice. HealthE consists of 3,400 health advice statements with token-level entity annotations. Additionally, we release 2,256 health statements which are not health advice to facilitate health advice mining. HealthE is the first dataset with an entity-recognition label space designed for the modeling of online health advice. We motivate the need for HealthE by demonstrating the limitations of five widely-used health entity recognizers on HealthE, such as those offered by Google and Amazon. We additionally benchmark three pre-trained language models on our dataset as reference for future research. All data is made publicly available.
PERBANDINGAN JARAK POTRET DAN RESOLUSI KAMERA PADA TINGKAT AKURASI PENGENALAN ANGKA KWH METERMENGGUNAKAN SVM

Electricity meter is a tool used to measure the electricity power consumption. Electricity meter has the numeral part known as electricity meter number which load the electricity power consumption.Usually, the recording is done once a month, by recording the number on the electric meter into the book, and then the recording officer take pictures the power meter. Electricity meter number can be analized through an image using the knowledge of pattern recognition in image processing. In analyzing picture of electicity meter number, we used Histogram Of Oriented Gradients (HOG) as the feature extraction and Supply Vector Machine (SVM) as the classification method. The result using 100 train-set and 30 test-set for each combination of category shows that the best resolution is 10 MP and 14 MP and the picture capturing distance is at 30 cm byand 10 cm by 73,33%Â accuracy for each image and 86,67% for each number and confusion matrix shows that presentation of all number is 75,48%. Â Key words:Number Recognition, Histogram Of Oriented Gradients (HOG) , Support Vector Machine (SVM)
A refinement of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality accompanied by new numerical radius upper bounds

This present work aims to ameliorate the celebrated Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and provide several new consequences associated with the numerical radius upper bounds of Hilbert space operators. More precisely, for arbitrary a, b ? H and ? 0, we show that |? a,b? |2 ? 1 ? + 1 ? a? b? |? a, b? | + ? /? +1 ? a? 2? b? 2 ? a? 2? b? 2. As a consequence, we provide several new upper bounds for the numerical radius that refine and generalize some of Kittaneh? s results in [A numerical radius inequality and an estimate for the numerical radius of the Frobenius companion matrix. Studia Math. 2003;158:11-17] and [Cauchy-Schwarz type inequalities and applications to numerical radius inequalities. Math. Inequal. Appl. 2020;23:1117-1125], respectively. In particular, for arbitrary A, B ? B(H) and ? 0, we show the following sharp upper bound w2 (B*A) ? 1/2? +2 ? |A|2 + B|2? w(B*A)+ ? /2? +2 ? |A|4 + |B? 4, with equality holds when A=B= (0100). It is also worth mentioning here that some specific values of ? 0 provide more accurate estimates for the numerical radius. Finally, some related upper bounds are also provided.
Simultaneous Planning and Execution for Quadrotors Flying Through a Narrow Gap Under Disturbance

The dynamics of a quadrotor exhibit the challenges of underactuation, strong coupling, and external disturbances. In order to handle these difficulties and enable quadrotors to align the six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) pose of the tilted narrow gap during the traversing maneuver, this article proposes a strategy based on simultaneous planning and execution (SPAE). In this strategy, the unknown disturbance is considered in both the planning and execution of the trajectory simultaneously. Specifically, the disturbance is estimated online during system execution and then combined with the attitude angle of the narrow gap and maximum thrust to constraint acceleration of trajectory. Given the state constraints and physical limitations in thrust, velocity, and jerk, a minimum time trajectory planning algorithm is developed based on a piecewise cubic function to realize aggressive flight. In this algorithm, the coupled maximum thrust is decoupled into three independent axes. Each axis can then generate time-efficient third-order trajectories that satisfy arbitrary state constraints and dynamic feasibility. The average computing time of the algorithm is less than $150 ~\mu \text{s}$ on the STM32 embedded platform, which is suitable for quadrotors with limited onboard computing capability. Finally, simulations and outdoor experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system strategy. The outdoor results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can enable the quadrotor to carry out aggressive flying through a narrow gap in a natural disturbance environment.
Enhancing Fault Injection Testing of Service Systems via Fault-Tolerance Bottleneck

Modern large-scale service systems are usually deployed with redundant components to ensure high dependability in distributed and volatile environments. Fault Injection Testing (FIT) is a popular technique for testing such systems, while the application of FIT to validating the correctness of redundant components remains a challenging task, especially when the system's structural information is unavailable when testing starts. In this study, we refer to a minimum set of faults that, when injected, will cut off all execution paths in a service system as a fault-tolerance bottleneck, and we propose a novel Fault-tolerance Bottleneck driven Fault Injection (FBFI) approach to the exploration and validation of redundant components without prior knowledge of the system's business structure. The core idea of FBFI is to iteratively infer and inject bottlenecks of the business structure constructed so far. In this way, FBFI is able to discover and test redundant components by repeatedly triggering new system behaviors. The effectiveness and efficiency of FBFI is evaluated using two microservice benchmark systems with different deployment scales. The results reveal that FBFI is more practical and cost-effective than random and lineage-driven FIT approaches in testing service systems of high redundancy levels.
First results from protective ECRH diagnostics for Wendelstein 7-X

Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is a steady state capable optimised stellarator. The main heating system is electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) operating at 140 GHz providing up to 9 MW microwave power. The power is launched into the machine by front steerable quasi-optical launchers in X- or O-mode. While in X-mode the first pass absorption is 99%, it is only 40. 70% in O-mode. O2-mode heating is forseen for high density operation above the X2 cutoff density of 1.2⋅1020 m−3. A set of diagnostics has been developed to protect the machine from non absorbed ECRH power which can easily damage in vessel components. The non absorbed power hitting the inner wall is measured by waveguides embedded in the first wall (ECA diagnostic). In order to prevent the inner wall from overheating or arcing, a near-infra red sensitive video diagnostic with a dynamic range of 450.1200 °C was integrated in the ECRH launchers. Thermal calculations for the carbon tiles predict a temperature increase above the detection threshold for scenarios of plasma start-up failure or poor absorption on a time scale of 50 ms. However, the temperature increase measured by an IR camera in experiments with failed break down, i.e. no ECRH absorption for up to 50 ms, was only ΔT≈70 ∘ C. In discharges with ≈ 5% transmission the measured temperature increase was comparable. The stray radiation level inside the machine is measured by so called sniffer probes resembling microwave diode detectors which were designed to collect all radiation approaching the probing surface independent of incident angle and polarization. Five sniffer probes are installed at different toroidal positions. They were integrated in the ECRH interlock system. During the first operational phase of W7-X this was the only available plasma interlock system. The signal quality proofed to be high enough for a reliable termination in case of poor absorption. After a breakdown phase of 10 ms, the sniffer probe signals dropped by more than an order of magnitude. Especially in the very first days of operation, most discharges died by a radiative collapse due to impurity influx. In this case the heating power was reliably switched off due to the increased level of stray radiation. Moreover, ECRH bolometers with a slower response time in the launcher ports and an empty diagnostic port were used to estimate the stray radiation level in the ports. In the launcher ports it could be shown that the stray radiation could lead to an overheating of the bellows in long discharges. Possible counter measures are discussed.
Electrical Units in the New SI: Saying Goodbye to the 1990 Values

Abstract: The proposed redefinition of several International System (SI) base units is a topic that has been on the metrology agenda for the last decade. Recent progress on several determinations of the fundamental constants means that we now have a good idea of the defined numerical values that will be given in the new system to the Planck constant, h, and the elementary charge, e. This is especially relevant to electrical metrology as new numerical values for the von Klitzing and Josephson constants, given by the relations RK = h/e2 and KJ = 2e/h, will replace the existing 1990 ‘conventional’ values, RK-90 and KJ-90. The implementation of the new system cannot be done without introducing small step changes into sizes of the electrical units that are disseminated using Josephson and quantum Hall intrinsic standards. At the time of writing it looks likely that the relative change from KJ-90 to KJ will be of the order 1 × 10−7, and that from RK-90 to RK will be approximately 2 × 10−8. This paper discusses the practical impact of these changes on electrical metrology and highlights the long term benefits that will come from the updated system. The CCEM (Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism) of the International Committee for Weights and Measures is now taking the first steps to ensure a smooth implementation, most probably in 2018.
Limit Values Acquisition in Field Control Problems Using Information-Based Time-Reversal Technique

Despite numerous theories proposed to describe the near-field focusing problem, a non-negligible error still exists between the calculation result and the target, and the process involved is quite complicated. While the time-reversal (TR) algorithm has greatly reduced the problem’s complexity and improved accuracy under complex scenarios, it has limitations in problems involving large angles and complex area focusing. Both traditional and TR algorithms experience errors due to the loss of different types of information. In this communication, we propose an accurate focusing algorithm that combines TR with the vector fitting method. This algorithm effectively solves the limitations of traditional focusing algorithms in problems involving large angles, complex area focusing, and other scenarios. The proposed algorithm has the advantages of being fast, enabling global optimization, and not accumulating errors. To verify the accuracy of the algorithm, we design a tunable phase-modulated metasurface. By controlling different vias metallization, we obtain a 360° transmission phase shift with a transmission loss of less than 1 dB.