Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENSO prediction using a dynamical ocean model coupled to statistical atmospheres

The predictability of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events is addressed by means of statistical and dynamical schemes. The statistical schemes are based on principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis of various observed and model ocean fields: these statistical predictions establish a lower limit for the predictability of such a system. For the dynamical predictions, an ocean model of intermediate complexity is coupled to several statistical surface wind stress models. In these coupled models, the atmospheric anomalies are a linear response to the oceanic fields: several combination of fields are considered, such as SST and heat content. The spatial features of predictability are discussed. Predictions seem to be better in the central Pacific. In the western and eastern Pacific, the predictability skill scores are poorer, possibly due to deficiencies in the ocean thermodynamics and in the coupling. The model predictions exhibit a pronounced seasonal dependence, with spring and summer being less predictable. Best results are obtained with seasonally-dependent predictors. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1994. 00012.x
The influence of banking advertising on bank customers: an examination of Greek bank customers' choices

The selection of banking advertising methods and means depends on a bank’s target group. The scope of this paper is to examine the relationship between bank advertising and the needs of a bank customer in Greece and its possible influence on potential customers to select their banks. The survey collected 260 questionnaires to provide the empirical dataset for technical inquiry based on descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The research demonstrated the issue of customers indifference to advertising in their decision to cooperate with a bank. Advertising is not the determinant factor in their final choice. Selecting a banking institution is based on the traditional products and services it offers. However, its existence is a prerequisite, as it verifies a bank's critical presence in the market and plays an important role in customers’ choices. The examination of a banking institution is made based on price and product-related criteria and not promotion.
Comparative Study of Seismic Behavior of Multistory Flat Slab and Conventional Reinforced Concrete Framed Structures

Tall commercial buildings are primarily a response to the demand by business activities to be as close to each other, and to the city centre as possible, thereby putting intense pressure on the available land space. Structures with a large degree of indeterminacy is superior to one with less indeterminacy, because of more members are monolithically connected to each other and if yielding takes place in any one of them, then a redistribution of forces takes place. Therefore it is necessary to analyze seismic behavior of building for different heights to see what changes are going to occur if the height of conventional building and flat slab building changes.
Aggregated Electric Vehicle Charging Control for Power Grid Ancillary Service Provision

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in residential applications will require coordinated charging strategies to avoid operational challenges in power distribution systems. Coordinated charging can also be used to effectively provide grid operators with ancillary services such as ramping and load following. This project developed a framework utilizing fitted Q-iteration, a batch reinforcement learning method, for charging control of an aggregation of electric vehicles to provide grid services and to minimize the cost of power consumption under time-of-use (TOU) rates. The problem was formulated as a Markov Decision Process such that computational costs do not scale with the number of vehicles. A simulator was developed using high resolution residential EV charging data that accounts for stochastic variation in EV charging demand and daily availability patterns. Results indicate that 20-40 days of simulation are required to achieve good performance. Performance is also highly dependent on the appropriate selection of a feasible reference trajectory for ancillary service provision. Small modifications to the reward function allowed for significant improvements in cost savings by shifting charging patterns.
3.5-cell large grain niobium superconducting cavity for a dc superconducting rf photoinjector

We have developed a new compact high average current dc superconducting rf (DC-SRF) photoinjector. A 3.5-cell superconducting cavity with a mid-beta structure is the key component of the DC-SRF photoinjector. Herein, we present the new design, fabrication, and vertical test results of the 3.5-cell large grain niobium superconducting cavity. After preliminary surface preparation and room temperature rf measurements, the cavity was sent to Jefferson Lab for a vertical cold test. The gradient of the cavity reaches 23:5 MV=m, and the Q0 value is higher than 1:2 10. The high-quality 3.5-cell cavity will guarantee the good performance of the DC-SRF photoinjector.
2 8 M ar 2 01 2 D 3-D 5 Holography with Flux

It is shown that the Berezinski-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition that has been found in D3-D5 brane systems with nonzero magnetic field and charge density can also be found by tuning an extra-dimensional magnetic flux. We find numerical solutions for the probe D5-brane embedding and discuss properties of the solutions. We also demonstrate that the nontrivial embeddings include those which can be regarded as spontaneously breaking chiral symmetry. The AdS/CFT duality of an appropriately oriented probe D5-brane embedded in AdS5 × S space-time and a supersymmetric defect conformal field theory is a wellstudied example of holography [1]-[11]. In the limit of large N and large radius of curvature, the D5-brane geometry is found as an extremum of the Dirac-Born-Infeld action with appropriate Wess-Zumino terms added. Its world-volume is the product space AdS4(⊂ AdS5)×S(⊂ S) which preserves an OSp(4|4) subgroup of the SU(2, 2|4) superconformal symmetry of the AdS5×S background. The superconformal field theory which is dual to this D3-D5 system, and which is described by it in the strong coupling limit, has a co-dimension one membrane that is embedded in 3 + 1-dimensional flat space. The bulk of the 3+1-dimensional space is occupied by N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with SU(N) gauge group. A bi-fundamental chiral hypermultiplet lives on the membrane defect and its field theory is dual to the low energy modes of open strings connecting the D5-branes and the D3-branes. These fields transform in the fundamental representation of the SU(N) bulk gauge group and in the fundamental representation of the global U(N5), where N5 is the number of D5-branes (in the probe limit, N5 << N and we will take N5 = 1). The defect field theory preserves half of the supersymmetries of the bulk N = 4 theory, resulting in the residual OSp(4|4) super-conformal symmetry. It is massless with a hypermultiplet mass operator which breaks an SU(2) R-symmetry [3]. An external magnetic field has a profound effect on this system. In the quantum field theory, the magnetic field is constant and is perpendicular to the membrane defect. In the string theory, the magnetic field destabilizes the conformal symmetric state to one which spontaneously breaks the SU(2) R symmetry and generates a mass gap for the D3-D5 strings [5]. The only solution for the D5-brane embedding has it pinching off before it reaches the Poincaré horizon of AdS5. As a result, the D3-D5 strings which, when excited, must reach from the D5-brane to the Poincaré horizon, have a minimum length and an energy gap. This occurs for any value of the magnetic field, in fact,
Bayesian Regression Modeling with Interactions and Smooth Effects

Abstract There have been many recent suggestions as to how to build and estimate flexible Bayesian regression models, using constructs such as trees, neural networks, and Gaussian processes. Although there is much to commend these methods, their implementation and interpretation can be daunting for practitioners. This article presents a spline-based methodology for flexible Bayesian regression that is quite simple in terms of computation and interpretation. Smooth bivariate interactions are modeled in an economical and apparently novel way, and prior distributions that penalize complexity are used. Predictions can be based on either model selection or model averaging. Taking computation, interpretation, and predictive performance into account, the method is seen to perform well when applied to simulated and real data.
Green functions and character sheaves

purely combinatorial way, using earlier ideas of P. Hall. In the general case, they were introduced [3] in terms of l-adic cohomology, as values of certain virtual representations of R'(O)(T is a maximal torus defined over Fq) at unipotent elements; the characters of RG( 0) at arbitrary elements were then expressible in a simple form in terms of Green functions of G and of smaller groups. One drawback of the definition of [3] was that it did not allow one to compute the Green functions except in some simple cases. Another definition of Green functions was proposed by Springer, first in terms of trigonometric sums on the Lie algebra and later in geometrical terms [17]. This definition was applicable only in large characteristic and in that case it was identified with the definition in [3] by Springer [17] and Kazhdan [10]. In [12], I observed that Green functions for GLn can be redefined in terms of intersection cohomology. This led me to a new definition of Green functions
The Diversity, Distribution and Relative Abundance of Medium and Large-sized Mammals in Baroye Controlled Hunting Area, Illubabor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

The diversity, distribution and relative abundance of medium and large-sized mammals were studied in the newly established Baroye Controlled Hunting Area, Southwestern Ethiopia. The study covers two seasons extending between January and September, 2014. Three habitats types, grassland, woodland, and riverine forest were identified in the study area. A line transect survey method was implemented to record the mammalian diversity. Of the 38 arbitrarily established transects, 11 (5 from the grassland and 3 each from the woodland and riverine habitats) were randomly selected and permanently surveyed for two seasons. Each transect was surveyed twice a month for three months per season. A total of 23 species of mammals from 7 orders and 13 families were recorded from the area. Only five species including the rock hyrax ( Procavia capensis ) and Bush hare ( Lepus fagani ) were from medium sized mammals. Among the 18 large sized mammals, the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) was the most abundant. The leopard ( Panthera pardus ), lion ( P. leo ), African civet ( Civettictis civetta ), honey badger ( Mellivora capensis ) and black backed jackal ( Canis mesamolas ) were represented by few individuals. Riverine forest harbored the highest mammalian species (H’=2.37) followed by the woodland (H’=2.23) during the dry season. During the wet season, diversity was highest in the woodland (H’=2.25). The similarity of mammalian species between the riverine forest and woodland were very high during both seasons (SI=0.66), and least between riverine forest and grassland (SI=0.38). Owing to the high faunal diversities, upgrading the current controlled hunting area into higher protected area category will have immense significance to better conserve the unique ecosystem and faunal resource of the area.
A Simulated Annealing with Ranking and Selection for Stochastic Optimization

We consider the problem of stochastic optimization, where the objective function values are not available and need to be simulated to get their estimates. When the function values are available one can use the simulated annealing algorithm. In this paper, we modify an algorithm that uses the hill climbing feature of simulated annealing with fixed temperature to search the feasible solution set. The proposed algorithm uses indifference zone approach of ranking and selection method to compare the current optimal solution and the potential solution that guarantee the optimal solution with a pre specified level of confidence. The algorithm is tested on a (s, S) inventory problem and compared to other competing algorithm. The numerical results show that the proposed method outperforms the competing method and indeed locate the optimal solution quickly.
Adaptive Phase Aberration Correction in Multi- Element Synthetic Aperture Imaging Systems

The problem of phase aberration correction in Multi-element Synthetic Aperture Focusing (MSAF) imaging systems is considered in this paper. In the MSAF imaging, the phase distortions caused by tissue inhomogenities can be adaptively estimated and compensated in two successive stages of signal processing - partial beamforming (low-resolution image) and synthetic aperture formation (high-resolution image). In this paper, two methods that can be used for phase correction at the stage of high-resolution image formation are studied - a Full Common Spatial Frequency (FCSF) technique and a Partial Common Spatial Frequency (PCSF) technique. The two techniques are based on the estimate of the cross-correlation function between low-resolution images, which is used for evaluation of phase aberration errors when forming a final high-resolution image. The effectiveness of each technique for phase aberration correction is determined by the improvement factor, which is defined as difference in dynamic range between the corrected image and the distorted one.
Mesh-independent convergence of penalty methods applied to optimal control with partial differential equations

In this paper, optimal control problems with elliptic state equations and constraints on controls are considered. Also state constraints are briefly discussed. Barrier-penalty methods are applied to treat the occurring restrictions. In the case of finite-dimensional optimization problems, the considered methods have a linear rate of convergence in dependence of the penalty parameter. However, in the case of infinite-dimensional problems, as studied in this article, the direct application of finite-dimensional theory, as given in Grossmann and Zadlo [A general class of penalty/barrier path-following Newton methods for nonlinear programming, Optimization 54 (2005), pp. 161–190], would lead to mesh-dependent order one estimates that deteriorate if the discretization is refined. In this article a first rigorous proof is given for inequality constrained problems that in the case of quadratic penalties a mesh-independence principle holds, i.e. the first-order convergence estimate holds for the continuous problem as well as for discretized problems independently of the discretization step size. The penalty techniques rest upon the control approximate reduction as discussed, e.g. in Grossmann et al. [C. Grossmann, H. Kunz, and R. Meischner, Elliptic control by penalty techniques with control reduction, in System Modeling and Optimization, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Vol. 312, Springer, Berlin, 2009, pp. 251–267; M. Hinze, A variational discretization concept in control constrained optimization: the linear-quadratic case, Comput. Optim. Appl. 30 (2005), pp. 45–61]. For the discretization conforming linear element discretization is applied. Some numerical examples illustrate and confirm the theoretical results.
ON FOREST SPATIAL DYNAMICS WITH GAP FORMATION

Abstract In “Forest Spatial Dynamics with Gap Expansion: Total Gap Area and Gap Size Distribution” by Kubo and co-workers, a cellular automata model of gap formation is introduced. The authors claim that their model is able to recover some of the features of the real clearing dynamics, and apply their results to a plot of a tropical rainforest in Panama. Using an analytic approximation to the model, they are able to obtain two real observations that can be compared with real systems: the global density of gaps ρ 0 and the local density of gaps q 0/0 . Nevertheless, the gap size distribution is in most cases well fit by an exponential function, although the real rainforest analysed fits clearly to a power-law. Some previous work introduced the Forest Game (FG), a model of rainforest dynamics that included gap formation. The FG has been tested with a plot of gap patchiness in the same rainforest. The FG is able to account for the exact distribution that the map presented by Kubo and co-workers displays, and we show that their model may give compatible distributions under certain conditions. Some other comments about this paper and the two models might be relevant for the general discussion about gap dynamics modelling.
Reply to “Comments on ‘The Usefulness of Piecewise Potential Vorticity Inversion’”

Piecewise potential vorticity inversion (PPVI), applied to Ertel’s potential vorticity (PV), was first introduced about 20 years ago (Davis and Emanuel 1991; Davis 1992) and has become an important tool in diagnosing midlatitude synoptic-scale weather developments (e.g., Stoelinga 1996; Plant et al. 2003; McInnes et al. 2009). It has also been used in studies of tropical cyclones (Wu and Emanuel 1995a,b; Kieu and Zhang 2010) and polar lows (Bracegirdle and Gray 2009; Fore et al. 2011). A few years ago, PPVI came under criticism by Egger (2008, hereafter E2008), who, based on a few examples from quasigeostrophic theory, questioned its usefulness as a diagnostic tool. In Rosting and Kristjansson (2012, hereafter RK12) we argued that the methodology used by E2008 is incomplete, giving a wrong impression of the usefulness of PPVI. We further presented two additional cases—one idealized, the other from a real weather situation—to clarify how PPVI works, not only in the context of quasi-geostrophy but also in the more general Ertel’s nonlinear PV. Recently, Egger (2012, hereafter E2012) criticized RK12, claiming that 1) E2008 had in several instances been incorrectly cited in RK12 and 2) ‘‘RK12 promote a novel interpretation of PPVI,’’ in which ‘‘a triviality . is announced as a success of PPVI’’ (p. 6). Below, we address these comments on RK12 in E2012. 2. Citations of E2008 in RK12
From ArgoNeuT to MicroBooNE

The final unknowns in the neutrino oscillation mixing matrix, including the search for CP Violation in the neutrino sector, offer extraordinary physics opportunities, which make a compelling case for developing the best possible detectors. Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) combine fine-grained tracking with total absorption calorimetry to achieve sensitivities well beyond conventional neutrino detectors. The ArgoNeuT and MicroBooNE projects serve as steps in a development path towards massive kiloton scale LArTPCs for long baseline electron neutrino appearance physics. These experiments combine development goals with exploration of low energy neutrino interaction physics. Progress on ArgoNeuT and MicroBooNE en route to massive LArTPCs for the LBNE program are presented here.
Evaluation of realized volatility predictions from models with leptokurtically and asymmetrically distributed forecast errors

Accurate volatility forecasting is a key determinant for portfolio management, risk management and economic policy. The paper provides evidence that the sum of squared standardized forecast errors is a reliable measure for model evaluation when the predicted variable is the intra-day realized volatility. The forecasting evaluation is valid for standardized forecast errors with leptokurtic distribution as well as with leptokurtic and asymmetric distributions. Additionally, the widely applied forecasting evaluation function, the predicted mean-squared error, fails to select the adequate model in the case of models with residuals that are leptokurtically and asymmetrically distributed. Hence, the realized volatility forecasting evaluation should be based on the standardized forecast errors instead of their unstandardized version.
INSTABILITY IN A HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF ASTEROIDS

The formal stability of periodic solutions is investigated for a Hamiltonian system in two degrees of freedom. The nature of the zones of instability is exhibited in the case of a resonance of order q≥3. In contrast to classical theory, an isoenergetic reduction is not carried out. This permits unstable solutions close to periodic solutions to be studied in full. The results are applied to the restricted problem of three bodies, which allows us to explain qualitatively the nature of all gaps with q≥3 in the distribution of asteroids. 19 figures. Bibliography: 37 titles.
A remark on the commensurability for inclusions of ergodic measured equivalence relations

It is shown that, for each inclusion of ergodic discrete measured equivalence relations, the commensurability can be characterized in terms of measure theoretical arguments. As an application, we also include a measure theoretical proof concerning a property of the commensurability groupoid which determines the commensurability in terms of operator algebras. It is proven that a family of typical elements in the commensurability groupoid is closed under the product operation. This proof supplements a gap in the proof of [2, Lemma 7.5].
Improved fast polar Fourier transform algorithm

The problem of calculating the discrete Fourier tranform (DFT) acquired in polar coordinate system has been given considerably attention in many fields such as antenna, image registration and tomography. This paper proposes an improved fast DPFT algorithm aiming at 2D real data. In this paper, a Conjugated-like property of the conjugated sequences' Chirp-Z transform (CZT) in symmetric frequency section is proved which saves half of the computational complexity in CZT. The algorithm is suitable for real-time applications by only 1D calcuations in which the most steps are 1D FFT. The experimental results show the applicability and good performance of this approach.
Leading-Edge Bluntness Effects on Aerodynamic Heating and Drag of Power Law Body in Low-Density Hypersonic Flow

A numerical study is reported on power law shaped leading edges situated in a rarefied hypersonic flow. The sensitivity of the heat flux and drag coefficient to shape variations of such leading edges is calculated by using a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. Calculations show that the stagnation point heating on power law leading edges with finite radius of curvature follows the same relation for classical blunt body in continuum flow; it scales inversely with the square root of the curvature radius at the nose. Furthermore, for those leading edges with zero or infinity radii of curvature, the heat transfer behavior is in surprising agreement with that for classical blunt body far from the nose of the leading edge.
HIGH RESOLUTION RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF GASES: IX. SPECTRA OF H2, HD, AND D2

The pure rotational lines and the Q branch lines of the 1–0 vibrational bands of H2, HD, and D2 have been photographed with a 21 ft. grating spectrograph. From these spectra, a complete set of constants for the ν = 0 and 1 levels of all three molecules have been determined. When these constants are combined with Herzberg's results of the forbidden infrared spectra of H2 and HD they lead to improved values of the electronic ground state constants of H2 and HD. The leading terms in the Dunham power series expansion of the potential are calculated for H2 and HD and are found to be mutually consistent. The isotopic relations are obeyed within experimental accuracy, and the small constants De, Be, and He, are in agreement with values given by theoretical formulae.