Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The B-cell response in lymphoid tissue of mice immunized with various antigenic forms of the influenza virus hemagglutinin

Protection of BALB/c (H-2d) mice against secondary challenge with influenza A viruses is primarily dependent on appropriate recognition of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule by effectors of humoral immunity, the B lymphocytes and their product the immunoglobulin molecules. The influence of the antigenic form of the HA in eliciting protective antibodies is not clearly defined. We directly monitored the kinetics, character, localization, and helper T-cell dependence of the primary antibody-forming cell (AFC) response and the development of B-cell memory in lymphoid tissues associated with the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and in the spleen and bone marrow, to three forms of HA with various degrees of antigenic organization. Our results show that the antigenic organization of HA substantially influences B-cell immunity, namely, the capacity to generate both primary AFCs and memory B cells responsive to lethal challenge. Immunization by infection is the most efficient means of generating protective memory B cells, in contrast to subunit vaccine. The data also indicate that memory AFCs are predominantly localized to the regional lymphoid tissue where challenge HA is found, unlike primary AFCs, which are restricted to the priming site and which require in vivo CD4+ T-cell help.
Backpropagation for Population-Temporal Coded Spiking Neural Networks

Supervised learning rules for spiking neural networks are currently only able to use time-to-first-spike coding and are plagued by very irregular learning curves due to their inability to model spike creation and deletion by weight changes. This paper presents a new learning rule for spiking neurons that uses the general population-temporal coding model. It is inspired by learning rules for locally recurrent analog neural networks. As a result we have a very fast learning rule that is able to operate on a wide class of decoding schemes.
Ontogenetic and Phylogenetic Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning (RL) problems come in many flavours, as do algorithms for solving them. It is currently not clear which of the commonly used RL benchmarks best measure an algorithm’s capacity for solving real-world problems. Similarly, it is not clear which types of RL algorithms are best suited to solve which kinds of RL problems. Here we present some dimensions along the axes of which RL problems and algorithms can be varied to help distinguish them from each other. Based on results and arguments in the literature, we present some conjectures as to what algorithms should work best for particular types of problems, and argue that tunable RL benchmarks are needed in order to further understand the capabilities of RL algorithms.
Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation the Use of the Transition Cost Accounting System in Health Services Research

The Transition cost accounting system integrates clinical, resource utilization, and financial information and is currently being used by several hospitals in Canada and the United States to calculate the costs of patient care. Our objectives were to review the use of hospital-based cost accounting systems to measure costs of treatment and discuss potential use of the Transition cost accounting system in health services research. Such systems provide internal reports to administrators for formulating major policies and strategic plans for future activities. Our review suggests that the Transition cost accounting information system may useful for estimating in-hospital costs of treatment.
Developing Web 2.0 Applications for Semantic Web of Trust

Historically data is processed, presented and shared by few applications that either generated it or that are specifically tailored to share it. Text and comma separated files are amongst the few which can be exchanged and interchanged with most applications. But in all such cases, the uniformly understandable information about the data and how it relates to the real world objects is missing. These missing links inhibit current Web applications to recognize common real world entities among various data sets by starting with one data set and then moving to other sets of data. Web 2.0 applications aim to interconnect users and contents so that users can use contents to find participants and vice versa. Resource description language (RDF), a language for Web 2.0, targets to represent information semantically and exchange knowledge in the current Web environment. "Web of Trust" is recognized as one of the foremost goals for Web 2.0 and it is a part of 'W3C seven point goals for the future Web'. Trust is recognized as one of the impacting forces in the Web and RDF is the main language to represent information for the Web 2.0. In this paper, a model is selected which conceptually connects users' online trust evaluations (contents) and physical participants (users and online merchants). The paper first outlines the essential features of a Web 2.0 application. Followed by this, a structured application development and implementation process is outlined for the selected model. For application development, Java programming language is selected due to the vast availability of open source libraries
Waalbot II: Adhesion Recovery and Improved Performance of a Climbing Robot using Fibrillar Adhesives

This paper presents the design and optimization of a wall-climbing robot along with the incorporation of autonomous adhesion recovery and a motion planning implementation. The result is Waalbot II, an untethered 85 g robot able to climb on smooth vertical surfaces with up to a 100 g payload (117% body mass) or, when unburdened, on planar surfaces of any orientation at speeds up to 5 cm/s. Bio-inspired climbing mechanisms, such as Waalbot II’s gecko-like fibrillar adhesives, passive peeling, and force sensing, improve the overall climbing capabilities compared with initial versions, resulting in the ability to climb on non-smooth surfaces as well as on inverted smooth surfaces. Robot length scale optimization reveals and quantifies trends in the theoretical factor of safety and payload carrying capabilities. Autonomous adhesion recovery behavior provides additional climbing robustness without additional mechanical complexity to mitigate degradation and contamination. An implementation of a motion planner, designed to take into account Waalbot II’s kinematic constraints, results in the ability to navigate to a goal in complex three-dimensional environments while properly planning plane-to-plane transitions and avoiding obstacles. Experiments verified the improved climbing capabilities of Waalbot II as well as its novel semi-autonomous adhesion recovery behavior and motion planning.
Andreas Haeberlen's research statement

My goal is to make distributed systems more secure and reliab l . Today, distributed systems play a critical role in our daily lives: they route our telephone calls, control our cars, process our credit card transactions, store our medic al records, and provide us with Internet services such as web an d email. If any of these systems fails or is compromised by an attacker, the consequences can be catastrophic. Howev er, due to the increasing size and complexity of these systems, it is becoming more and more difficult to prevent thi s. For example, the Internet’s interdomain routing system has grown to a size of hundreds of thousands of routers ; th se routers are connected in an intricate topology, run a heterogeneous mix of software, and are operated by thou sands of organizations with conflicting interests. Size and complexity are the enemies of security and reliability: they tend to make systems fragile, they complicate fault detection and fault diagnosis, and they increase the system s’ vulnerability to manipulation and attacks. I want to address these problems, so that society can obtain the benefi ts from distributed systems without also incurring a disproportionate risk. Security and reliability have many aspects; therefore, my a pproach is necessarily broad, and it incorporates many areas of computer science. For example, I use measurement st udies o analyze the characteristics of existing distribut ed systems, I work with specialists in algorithms and cryptogr aphy to develop new techniques, and I use methods from theoretical computer science to describe and prove the prop erties of these techniques. An especially important part of my approach is building and evaluating real systems. This is necessary to demonstrate that a new idea, algorithm, or technique can be used in a complete system, that it solves a re al problem, and that it can be deployed in practice. Next, I present some of my recent research contributions, an d then I describe ongoing and future work.
Range-based Nearest Neighbour Search in a Mobile Environment

With the popularity of mobile devices, such as mobile phones and tablets, mobile users are taking more advantages of mobile computing. Through the applications in mobile devices, mobile users are able to search for the nearby spatial objects like restaurants and hotels. Hence, in this paper, we propose a range-based nearest neighbour search algorithm, which is named as Range-kNN[17]. Our algorithm focuses on expanding the query point to a query range, according to this query range, the interesting objects both inside and outside the query range are retrieved based on a Voronoi-based search algorithm. In the experiment part, our proposed algorithm is proved to be quite efficient and scalable.
Contextualising the role of extra-firm personal networks as a source of work-related knowledge

This paper systematically examines the role of extr a-firm personal knowledge networks vis-à-vis alternative sources of work-related knowl edge. A guiding question is whether there is a difference between job positions. The st udy is based on a survey and interviews with 105 R&D workers in 46 IT companies in the Greater Cambridge Region. The results show that alternative sources o f kn wledge are considerably more important than external personal networks. Importan tly, the results highlight that for technical engineers/developers, external personal k nowledge networks are significantly less important than for senior managers. Furthermor e, the most frequent type of knowledge that is uniquely available through person al etworks concerns business knowledge of senior managers rather than technical knowledge. Overall, the results suggest that academic theory and R&D management/pol icy n personal knowledge networks needs to be more sophisticated and would b enefit from differentiating between job positions.
String and module integrated inverters for single-phase grid connected photovoltaic systems - a review

This work presents an overview on recent developments and a summary of the state-of-the-art in inverter technology for single-phase grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The information provided includes details on commercially available European string and module integrated PV inverters, their efficiency, price trends and market share. This review is given for inverters for a power level up to 6 kW. Furthermore, the paper deals with the recent developments of new inverter topologies and PV system concepts and discusses possible future trends.
Magnesium basics

As a cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions, magnesium fulfils various intracellular physiological functions. Thus, imbalance in magnesium status—primarily hypomagnesaemia as it is seen more often than hypermagnesaemia—might result in unwanted neuromuscular, cardiac or nervous disorders. Measuring total serum magnesium is a feasible and affordable way to monitor changes in magnesium status, although it does not necessarily reflect total body magnesium content. The following review focuses on the natural occurrence of magnesium and its physiological function. The absorption and excretion of magnesium as well as hypo- and hypermagnesaemia will be addressed.
Designing finger movement on mobile phone touch screen for rich emotional expression

Emotional expression is significant as an essential part in our daily life. Ubiquitous presence of mobile technology-mediated communication creates various affective occasions and affords rich emotional expressions with lower complexity of input. In this paper, we aim to design a simple way of emotional expression through finger movements on mobile phone touch screen allowing for richer affective expressivities. We categorize the visual representations into four types according to their modality and then raised a schema that including three core properties of touch-screen based finger movement dynamics. From design practice, we find the form and property of visual representation shapes the experience of expression and the way finger moves. Kinesthetic representation with its dynamic property can reflect the core properties of finger movement and thus afford the rich expressivity in presenting emotional experience. Thus, we indicate that simple finger movements based on mobile phone touch screens can express rich emotional experience. Moreover, we suggest designing appropriate and corresponding properties of visual representation regarding to the properties of finger movement as a meaningful and expressive material.
Speech Error Elicitation and Co-occurrence Restrictions in two Ethiopian Semitic Languages

This article reports the results of speech error elicitation experiments investigating the role of two consonant co-occurrence restrictions in the productive grammar of speakers of two Ethiopian Semitic languages, Amharic and Chaha. Higher error rates were found with consonant combinations that violated co-occurrence constraints than with those that had only a high degree of shared phonological similarity or low frequency of co-occurrence. Sequences that violated two constraints had the highest error rates. The results indicate that violations of consonant co-occurrence restrictions significantly increase error rates in the productions of native speakers, thereby supporting the psychological reality of the constraints.
An Application of Tetrahedrisation to From-point Visibility Technical Report CS 04-1200 Department of Computer Science University of Cape Town

We propose a method for tetrahedrizing a polyhedral volume containing polyhedral holes. We use the resulting tetrahedrization to produce from-point visibility algorithms that can be either exact, conservative or aggressive. We also discuss the applications of such from-point and from-region visibility techniques, including their use in lighting and in simulating vision of artificial intelligence agents.
STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL AND SIMULTANEOUS DEGR- ADATION OF CHROMIUM (VI) AND PHENOL USING TWO POTENT INDIGENOUS MICROORGANISMS

Phenol and chromium are the two major pollutants being discharged in the effluents of various industrial operations. Individual and simultaneous degradation of phenol and chromium was studied in the presence of two indigenous bacterial strain of Pseudomonas putida (MTCC 1194) and Escherichia coli (NCIM 5051) respectively. The optimum conditions for maximum degradation of both the pollutants are temperature 30 0 C, pH 7, inoculum volume 5%, shaking at 130 rpm, with peptone and dextrose as nitrogen and carbon source respectively. At optimized process conditions the Pseudomonas putida (MTCC 1194) effectively degrades a maximum 1000 ppm of phenol in (70 –72) hours and Escherichia coli (NCIM 5051) degrades a maximum 40 ppm of Cr(VI) in (40 – 42) hours. The simultaneous degradation of phenol and chromium by the co-culture of microorganisms is also studied at various phenol and chromium concentration of 500 and 750 ppm of phenol and (5, 10 and 15) ppm of Cr(VI) respectively. The results indicate that the pollutants were successfully reduced to their permissible limits. This is a green method of treatment which produces no harmful by product thus can be considered as an ecofriendly method for the treatment of industrial waste water.
A Memory System for Education

The memory system is one of the core topics in computer architecture and organization. An important problem in teaching this topic is how to help students connect their theoretical knowledge of memory system concepts with the practical problems facing the designer of various parts of a memory system. A common approach to tackling this problem is to organize practical exercises in the laboratory using a memory system simulator. The existing simulators mainly focus on subtle memory system issues, such as cache performance, latency, coherence and consistency models in multiprocessor systems and do not admit a view of design details and internal activities within various parts of a memory system. This paper presents an originally developed memory system for education and its web-based simulator. The memory system includes the virtual memory and translation look-aside buffer, the cache memory and the interleaved main memory. The simulator facilitates a web-based clock-by-clock interactive simulation of the memory system, its visual presentation at the register-transfer level and navigation through parts of the system. They can be used for exercises in the laboratory and self-learning from home.
A S OFTWARE PLATFORM FOR V ISUAL N AVIGATION

In this paper, we present a software platform (SoViN) dedicated to visual memory management and vision-based navigation of autonomous vehicles. This s oftware allows to achieve navigation tasks in large scale environments using natural landmarks. It has especially been designed to prototype visual memory-based strategies. Such approaches ha ve t e major advantage that only key views and related image descriptors are stored. This process is thus expected to be efficient by means of 1) memory needed to store data and 2) computational c st. These points are crucial issues for real-time navigation in large scale environment . We will see that SoViN allows to meet these expectations.
Melioidosis: an important cause of pneumonia in residents of and travellers returned from endemic regions

Melioidosis is endemic in South East Asia, Asia and northern Australia. Infection usually follows percutaneous inoculation or inhalation of the causative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is present in soil and surface water in the endemic region. While 20–36% of melioidosis cases have no evident predisposing risk factor, the vast majority of fatal cases have an identified risk factor, the most important of which are diabetes, alcoholism and chronic renal disease. Half of all cases present with pneumonia, but there is great clinical diversity, from localised skin ulcers or abscesses without systemic illness to fulminant septic shock with multiple abscesses in the lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys. At least 10% of cases present with a chronic respiratory illness (sick >2 months) mimicking tuberculosis and often with upper lobe infiltrates and/or cavities on chest radiography. As with tuberculosis, latency with reactivation decades after infection can also occur, although this is rare. Confirmation of diagnosis is by culture of B. pseudomallei from blood, sputum, throat swab or other samples. Microbiology laboratories need to be informed of the possibility of melioidosis, as those not familiar with it can misidentify the organism. Antibiotic therapy is initial intensive therapy with i.v. ceftazidime or meropenem or imipenem +/− cotrimoxazole for ≥10 days, followed by eradication therapy with cotrimoxazole +/− doxycycline +/− chloramphenicol (first 4 weeks only) for ≥3 months. Melioidosis has been increasingly recognised in returning travellers in Europe and recently melioidosis and colonisation with B. pseudomallei have been documented in cystic fibrosis patients visiting or resident in endemic areas.
Exploiting metrics to facilitate grammar transformation into LALR format

The parser-generator yacc is one of the oldest examples of a domain-specic language, providing signicant enhancements over hand-coded parsers in the area of speed, eciency and maintainability. Despite its widespread use, often in highly complex systems such as compilers or program analysis tools, there is relatively little written about the integration of parsing, and yacc-based parsers in particular, into the software engineering process. We exploit software metrics as an aid toward estimating the complexity of preparing a grammar for the ISO C++ programming language for input to yacc. Our metrics provide a means of assessing the relative merits of the trade-o between preserving the grammar’s structure and rearranging it to ease implementation of the resulting parser. We see this work as part of a larger process of designing well-engineered, re-usable and reliable program processors, which themselves will play an important role in the future design of code-based software-engineering tools.
Framework for testing the fault-tolerance of systems including OS and network aspects

This paper presents an extensible framework for testing the behavior of networked machines running the Linux operating system in the presence of faults. The framework allows to inject a variety of faults, such as faults in the computing core or peripheral devices of a machine or faults in the network connecting the machines. The system under test as well as the fault- and workload run on this system are configurable. The core of the framework is a User Mode Linux, which runs on top of a real world Linux machine as a single process and simulates a single machine. A second process paired with each virtual machine is used for fault injection. The framework will be supported by utility programs to automate testing and evaluate test results.
A BRIEF DIDACTIC APPROACH OF MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT USED FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Parkinson is a pathological condition occurred due to degenerative disorder of central nervous system affecting the motor system. It results due to death of dopamine-generating cells in region of midbrain. It effects body movements including shivering of arms, legs, face, limb stiffness, slow motility, impaired functions in balance and coordination between body parts. Other common symptoms are depression, emotional breakdown, dysregulation of mood, speech problems, urinary problems, sleeplessness and skin problems. At present, there is no permanent cure for this disease and certain drugs available that helps in relieving from parkinsonism e.g. levodopa, pramipexole, dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, COMT inhibitors. Among them, levodopa and pramipexole are used initially to treat Parkinson. Levodopa is the most effective that get metabolized to dopamine in the brain by replacing biosynthetic precursor. It is also called as L-DOPA. In early onset of symptoms easily respond to L-DOPA treatment. Due to L-DOPA treatment, common symptoms such as motor disturbances, hallucinations, memory problems and confusion makes are respond well to consider Levodopa act as a standard treatment. Pramipexole is a non-ergot dopamine agonist which is effective in the treatment of this disease and major symptoms like fluctuations , dyskinesias, neuroprotection, dysregulation of mood, cardiac valvulopathy and somnipathy respond well when used with levodopa in combination with carbidopa. Common side effects called dyskinesia ocuured less when mediation with pramipexole is used as compared to treatment with levodopa. On other side, medication with levodopa lead to less occurrence in signs of edema. So, Levodopa and pramipexole are effective in dopaminergic therapy with divergent drug efficacy. W