Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of tritiated D-alpha-tocopherol and D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate in intraruminally dosed sheep.

The comparative disposition (absorption, plasma disposition, tissue distribution) of D-alpha-tocopherol and of D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (forms of vitamin E) was investigated in 10 ruminally cannulated wethers. Tritiated tocopherols (4 microCi/kg BW) were administered directly into the rumen. Plasma and ruminal fluid activity were regularly measured from the time of administration to 96 h after administration. Radioactivity in lymph was measured in four additional wethers dosed intraruminally (100 microCi) with the same tritiated compounds. Lymph was collected from the cannulated thoracic duct during the first 24 h after the administration. Wethers were killed and selected tissues were measured for their tocopherol activity. Plasma and ruminal fluid specific activity vs time were modeled using appropriate compartmental and noncompartmental approaches. It was shown that there was a large difference in the relative bioavailability of the two compounds with a four times higher (P < .05) relative availability of D-alpha-tocopherol than of D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate. This was explained in terms of incomplete hydrolysis of tocopheryl succinate before absorption. By direct ruminal fluid measurement, it was estimated that tocopherol behaves similarly to a soluble ruminal marker with a ruminal transit time of approximately 19 h. In plasma, the total mean residence time was 148 h for D-alpha-tocopherol and 106 h for D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate. The lymph activity was mainly associated with tocopherol both after tocopherol and tocopheryl succinate administration. Tissue concentration of radioactivity was higher (P < .05) for sheep dosed with tocopherol than for those dosed with the tocopheryl succinate, confirming the difference in bioavailability of the two compounds.
A discussion paper on Promoting Sport and Physical Activity as part of the role of the Social Work sector

Abstract There are many benefits to be gained from participation in sport and physical activity. There are also many barriers which prevent people from participating, and in particular, from achieving the UK Government recommended guidelines of physical activity. Many people identified as being the least physically active can also be categorised into those groups of people which receive support from social services. Government initiatives currently focus on increasing levels of physical activity within the country to improve health and lower crime. These documents, however, display little association to the Social Work sector, and the contribution and relevance of how social workers can impact on the growing problem of sedentary behaviour. This article identifies the diverse range of obtainable benefits, the barriers to activity, and how sport and physical activity is relevant to social workers. Looking at how social workers can promote participation, through individual methods or as part of a wider strategy, whilst also assessing the limitations encountered with promoting sport and physical activity within the Social Work sector.
Music and the materialization of identities

How does music materialize identities? This article argues that music is instructive in conceptualizing the materialization of identity because it opens up new perspectives on issues of materiality, mediation and affect. These perspectives are intimately related in turn to music’s plural socialities, which necessitate a novel approach to theorizing the social. Music, it is proposed, demands an analytics that encompasses four planes of social mediation; while these socialities, with other forms of music’s mediation, together produce a constellation of mediations – an assemblage. All four planes of social mediation enter into the musical assemblage: the first two amount to socialities engendered by musical practice and experience; the last two amount to social and institutional conditions that afford certain kinds of musical practice. The four are irreducible to one another and are articulated in contingent ways through relations of synergy, affordance, conditioning or causality. By adopting the topological metaphor of the plane to stand for distinctive socialities mediated by music, the intention is to highlight both their autonomy and their mutual interference. The second half turns to genre theory to suggest that analysing genre in terms of the mutual mediation between two self-organizing historical entities illuminates both how social identity formations may be refracted in music, and how musical genres can entangle themselves in evolving social formations. Finally, with reference to music’s capacity to create aggregations of the affected, the article considers the efflorescence of theories of affect, association and entrainment. While such theories illuminate the generative nature of the mutual mediation between musical formations and social formations, they are limited by lack of awareness of the four distinctive planes of music’s social mediation, as well as the significance of their autonomy and their contingent interrelations for understanding how music materializes identities.
What Has Natural Variation Taught Us about Plant Development, Physiology, and Adaptation?

Nearly 100 genes and functional polymorphisms underlying natural variation in plant development and physiology have been identified. In crop plants, these include genes involved in domestication traits, such as those related to plant architecture, fruit and seed structure and morphology, as well as yield and quality traits improved by subsequent crop breeding. In wild plants, comparable traits have been dissected mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this review, we discuss the major contributions of the analysis of natural variation to our understanding of plant development and physiology, focusing in particular on the timing of germination and flowering, plant growth and morphology, primary metabolism, and mineral accumulation. Overall, functional polymorphisms appear in all types of genes and gene regions, and they may have multiple mutational causes. However, understanding this diversity in relation to adaptation and environmental variation is a challenge for which tools are now available.
Young Children Are Intrinsically Motivated to See Others Helped

Young children help other people, but it is not clear why. In the current study, we found that 2-year-old children’s sympathetic arousal, as measured by relative changes in pupil dilation, is similar when they themselves help a person and when they see that person being helped by a third party (and sympathetic arousal in both cases is different from that when the person is not being helped at all). These results demonstrate that the intrinsic motivation for young children’s helping behavior does not require that they perform the behavior themselves and thus “get credit” for it, but rather requires only that the other person be helped. Thus, from an early age, humans seem to have genuine concern for the welfare of others.
Testing of droplet-based microelectrofluidic systems

Composite microsystems that integrate mechanical and fluidic components are fast emerging as the next generation of system-on-chip designs. As these systems become widespread in safety-critical biomedical applications, dependability emerges as a critical performance parameter. In this paper, we present a costeffective concurrent test methodology for droplet-based microelectrofluidic systems. We present a classification of catastrophic and parametric faults in such systems and show how faults can be detected by electrostatically controlling and tracking droplet motion. We then present tolerance analysis based on Monte-Carlo simulations to characterize the impact of parameter variations on system performance. To the best of our knowledge, this constitutes the first attempt to define a fault model and to develop a test methodology for droplet-based microelectrofluidic systems.
TWO-YEAR COLLEGE DEVELOPMENT IN FIVE MIDWESTERN STATES : AN INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

The word ''varied'' summarizes the organizational development, legal structure, and current missions and functions of publicly controlled two - year colleges in the five Midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to the post - high school educational histories of five states that have been members of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools by specifically addressing three questions: (a) What were the key events in the history of the development of public two - year colleges in each of the five states? (b) What is the current organizational pattern of community colleges in each of the five states? (c) What are some of the key issues facing community colleges in each of the five states?
Employee wellbeing, control and organizational commitment

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of work locus of control (WLOC) as a moderator of the relationship between employee wellbeing and organizational commitment.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports on a quantitative study of middle level executives from motor‐cycle manufacturing organizations based in Northern India. The focus of the paper is to examine the predictive ability of wellbeing and the moderating effect of WLOC in predicting organizational commitment.Findings – The results suggest that wellbeing is negatively related to conditional continuance commitment, whereby employees consider the advantages associated with continued participation and costs associated with leaving, and normative commitment, whereby employees feel they have moral obligations to remain with the organization. The presence of an external WLOC has a positive impact on the relationship. Wellbeing, as represented by a hassle‐free existence, predicts positive affective commitment with a particular organizat.
Changes in ventilatory pattern and arterial oxygen saturation during spinal anaesthesia in man

Using a respiratory inductive plethysmograph and a pulse oximeter, we investigated the changes in the respiratory pattern and peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo2) of the finger before and during spinal anaesthesia in 20 surgical patients. The rib cage contribution to the tidal volume (%RC) increased significantly from before (20.4 ± 4.3%) to during spinal anaesthesia (30.4 ± 4.8%). However, in those patients who fell asleep 60 min after subarachnoid injection of a local anaesthetic, %RC returned to the preanaesthetic value (23.0 ? ± 5.9%). Finger Spo2 increased significantly during spinal anaesthesia, but the femoral arterial oxygen saturation did not change. The authors conclude that spinal anaesthesia increases %RC in conscious patients. However, the increment of %RC does not cause a major change in arterial oxygen saturation.
Development of the Indigenous Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment: Selection of play materials and administration.

BACKGROUND/AIM There is a need for culturally appropriate assessments for Australian Indigenous children. This article reports the selection of culturally appropriate and gender-neutral play materials, and changes in administration identified to develop further the Indigenous Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment (I-ChIPPA). METHOD Twenty-three typically developing children aged four to six years from the Pilbara region in Western Australia participated in the study. Children were presented with four sets of play materials and frequency counts were recorded for each time the child used one of the play materials in a pretend play action. Twelve of the 23 children came to play in pairs. RESULTS Both boys and girls used the Pilbara toy set including the dark coloured dolls and Pilbara region animals, more frequently than the standardised play materials from the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment (ChIPPA). CONCLUSION This study reports the first steps in the development of the I-ChIPPA. Future development will include the refinement of the administration and scoring with pairs of children, and then validity testing the assessment.
The Rooted Delay-Constrained Steiner Tree Problem with Uncertain Delays

The rooted delay-constrained Steiner tree (RDCST) problem is a combinatorial optimization problem. The task is to find a tree in a given weighted graph. The tree should have minimal weight which is defined as the sum of the edge weights. Furthermore, it should satisfy two constraints. The first is that the so-called terminal nodes have to be part of the tree. Additionally to the weight, every edge has also a given delay. The second constraint is that the overall delay on a path from a given root node to a terminal node stays within a given bound. This problem sometimes occurs when planning networks. For many services it is important that the delay between client and server does not get too high. A typical example are network applications with user interaction. In optimization algorithms we usually assume that all input values are given precisely. But in practice these values are often affected by some kind of uncertainty. Inaccuracies occur inevitably with many measurements. Another source for uncertainty is data that is not yet present and therefore has to be predicted. Solutions of optimization problems can become infeasible because of the variability of input data. In practice this often means that the solution is of no use. Also the delays in a network are commonly affected by some jitter. We investigate for the RDCST problem how uncertainties can be incorporated into the optimization process. We present algorithms based on mixed integer linear programming with which it is possible to find solutions of realistic instances of the optimization problem. These solutions feature a specific degree of robustness, which means that they stay feasible if actual values diverge from the assumed values. This degree can be adjusted accordingly to the respective requirements. The examined algorithms are exact. Thus, the best solution is found which fulfils the constraints. We present several ways of including uncertainties into the definition of the RDCST problem and its solution algorithms. There are already methods to solve both the deterministic problem and general robust problems with integer linear programs. We show how both methods can be combined.
Dutch Cyberbullying Victims' Experiences, Perceptions, Attitudes and Motivations Related to (Coping with) Cyberbullying: Focus Group Interviews

Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; interventions to stop cyberbullying are needed. For this purpose, more insightful information is needed about cyberbullying victims’ ( i.e., the target group) experiences, perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to (coping with) cyberbullying. Five schools with 66 low-educated Dutch adolescents between 12 and 15 (53% female) participated in 10 focus group interviews. Results show that victims do not perceive all behaviors as cyberbullying and traditional bullying is generally perceived as worse than cyberbullying. Cyberbullies are perceived as sad, cowards and embarrassing themselves. Victims are perceived as easy targets; they wear strange clothes, act in a provocative manner and have a bad appearance. These perceptions often depend on context, the level of anonymity, being in a fight or not, the person sending the message and his/her behavior. Further, victims reacted to cyberbullying by acting nonchalant, by not actually saying anything and seeking help from others ( i.e. , parents are not often asked for help because they do not want to bother them; fear of restricted Internet privileges). It can be concluded that asking cyberbullying victims about their experiences in an open manner, and allowing them to discuss these experiences, likely results in new and insightful information compared to using self-reports. In this questioning the perception of adolescents is key to see what is perceived as cyberbullying.
Human Cortical Organization for Processing Vocalizations Indicates Representation of Harmonic Structure as a Signal Attribute

The ability to detect and rapidly process harmonic sounds, which in nature are typical of animal vocalizations and speech, can be critical for communication among conspecifics and for survival. Single-unit studies have reported neurons in auditory cortex sensitive to specific combinations of frequencies (e.g., harmonics), theorized to rapidly abstract or filter for specific structures of incoming sounds, where large ensembles of such neurons may constitute spectral templates. We studied the contribution of harmonic structure to activation of putative spectral templates in human auditory cortex by using a wide variety of animal vocalizations, as well as artificially constructed iterated rippled noises (IRNs). Both the IRNs and vocalization sounds were quantitatively characterized by calculating a global harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR). Using functional MRI, we identified HNR-sensitive regions when presenting either artificial IRNs and/or recordings of natural animal vocalizations. This activation included regions situated between functionally defined primary auditory cortices and regions preferential for processing human nonverbal vocalizations or speech sounds. These results demonstrate that the HNR of sound reflects an important second-order acoustic signal attribute that parametrically activates distinct pathways of human auditory cortex. Thus, these results provide novel support for the presence of spectral templates, which may subserve a major role in the hierarchical processing of vocalizations as a distinct category of behaviorally relevant sound.
Inhibition of Apoptosis of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells by Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Is Mediated via Effects on Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition

The activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is central to liver fibrosis as the major source of collagens I and III and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). During spontaneous recovery from liver fibrosis, there is a decrease of TIMP expression, an increase in collagenase activity, and increased apoptosis of HSC, highlighting a potential role for TIMP-1 in HSC survival. In this report, we use tissue culture and in vivomodels to demonstrate that TIMP-1 directly inhibits HSC apoptosis. TIMP-1 demonstrated a consistent, significant, and dose-dependent antiapoptotic effect for HSC activated in tissue culture and stimulated to undergo apoptosis by serum deprivation, cycloheximide exposure, and nerve growth factor stimulation. A nonfunctional mutated TIMP-1 (T2G mutant) in which all other domains are conserved did not inhibit apoptosis, indicating that inhibition of apoptosis was mediated through MMP inhibition. Synthetic MMP inhibitors also inhibited HSC apoptosis. Studies of experimental liver cirrhosis demonstrated that persistent expression of TIMP-1 mRNA determined by PCR correlated with persistence of activated HSC quantified by α smooth muscle actin staining, while in fibrosis, loss of activated HSC correlated with a reduction in TIMP-1 mRNA. We conclude that TIMP-1 inhibits apoptosis of activated HSC via MMP inhibition.
Human Branding in Political Marketing: Applying Contemporary Branding Thought to Political Parties and Their Leaders

Political marketing advances by engaging with new and advanced concepts from both of its parent disciplines. One of the most recent fields of brand research—the study of the human brand—is taken into the political marketing arena in this essay. Human branding is an emergent topic in mainstream marketing. The value as a brand of a person who is well-known and subject to explicit marketing communications efforts is being investigated in many fields. The concept has clear prima facie value in political marketing, where the role of a political leader as part of the political marketing offer has been recognized extensively. Politics is also a unique context given the relationship between leaders and parties, each of which has some unique brand associations. The process of exploring the application of human branding in politics also provides a context in which some of the interactions among party and leader, human brand, and organizational brand can be explored and further developed. Among the conclusions are that political party leaders require brand authenticity as an advocate of the party policy platform and brand authority to command the organization and deliver on the policies being advocated. Implications for party and campaign management are outlined.
Implementing an Information Security Awareness Program

Abstract An effective information security program cannot be implemented without implementing an employee awareness and training program to address policy, procedures, and tools. Learning consists of three key elements: 1. Awareness, which is used to stimulate, motivate, and remind the audience what is expected of them. 2. Training, the process that teaches a skill or the use of a required tool. 3. Education, the specialized, in-depth schooling required to support the tools or as a career development process.
The Problem Of The Essential Indexical

I once followed a trail of sugar on a supermarket floor, pushing my cart down the aisle on one side of a tall counter and back the aisle on the other, seeking the shopper with the torn sack to tell him he was making a mess. With each trip around the counter, the trail became thicker. But I seemed unable to catch up. Finally it dawned on me. I was the shopper I was trying to catch. I believed at the outset that the shopper with a torn sack was making a mess. And I was right. But I didn't believe that I was making a mess. That seems to be something I came to believe. And when I came to believe that, I stopped following the trail around the counter, and rearranged the torn sack in my cart. My change in beliefs seems to explain my change in behavior. My aim in this paper is to make a key point about the characterization of this change, and of beliefs in general. At first characterizing the change seems easy. My beliefs changed, didn't they, in that I came to have a new one, namely, that I am making a mess? But things are not so simple. The reason they are not is the importance of the word "I" in my expression of what I came to believe. When we replace it with other designations of me, we no longer have an explanation of my behavior and so, it seems, no longer an attribution of the same belief. It seems to be an essential indexical. But without such a replacement, all we have to identify the belief is the sentence "I am making a mess". But that sentence by itself doesn't seem to identify the crucial belief, for if someone else had said it, they would have expressed a different belief, a false one. I argue that the essential indexical poses a problem for various otherwise plausible accounts of belief. I first argue that it is a problem for the view that belief is a relation between subjects and propositions conceived as bearers of truth and
Die “ARES-Skalen” zur Erfassung der individuellen BIS- und BAS-Sensitivität

Zusammenfassung: Das psychobiologische Modell von J.A. Gray nimmt zwei grundlegende Emotionssysteme als Basis zweier korrespondierender grundlegender Personlichkeitsdimensionen an: Das Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) und das Behavioral Approach System (BAS). Zur Erfassung der Dimensionen BIS- und BAS-Sensitivitat stellen die BIS/BAS-Skalen von Carver und White (1994) die bisher viel versprechendste Skalenkonstruktion dar, jedoch sind diese hinsichtlich der Skaleneigenschaften noch nicht vollig zufrieden stellend. Aufbauend auf dem Grayschen Modell und unter Ruckgriff auf zentrale Uberlegungen von Carver und White wurden deutsche Skalen zur Erfassung der Sensitivitat der beiden Emotionssysteme (Action Regulating Emotion Systems; ARES) in einer Langfassung (58 Items) und einer Kurzfassung (20 Items) neu konstruiert. Die ARES-Skalen enthalten die Subskalen BIS I “Angstlichkeit” und BIS II “Frustration” zur Erfassung der individuellen BIS- und die Subskalen BAS I “Antrieb” und BAS II “Freude” zur Erfassung.