Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multilayered organic electroluminescent device using a novel starburst molecule, 4,4’,4‘‐tris(3‐methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine, as a hole transport material

A novel π‐conjugated starburst molecule, 4,4’,4‘‐tris(3‐methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m‐MTDATA), which forms a stable amorphous glass, functions as an excellent hole transport material for organic electroluminescent devices. An electroluminescent device consisting of double hole transport layers of m‐MTDATA and 4,4’‐bis(3‐methylphenylphenylamino)biphenyl and an emitting layer of tris(8‐quinolinolato)aluminum exhibits a high luminance efficiency and significant durability.
Small-signal circuit modeling for a semiconductor optical amplifier monolithically integrated with a sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector laser

In this paper, a small-signal equivalent circuit model of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) monolithically integrated with a sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SGDBR) laser is presented. To take into account the wavelength dependence of the circuit parameters of our model, the extraction of parameters has been performed by fitting the circuit model including parasitic effect with measured S-parameters of the integrated device for different operating wavelengths of the SGDBR laser. The optical frequency chirp caused by the current modulation of the SOA section has been simulated by the obtained small-signal circuit model.
Measurements of the radiation environment on the APEX satellite

The Cosmic Radiation Environment and Dosimetry experiment was built to accompany the CRUX (Cosmic Ray Upset) experiment on the USAF APEX satellite, launched in August 1994. Results of measurements of the space radiation environment are presented here whilst a companion paper presents CRUX measurements of upsets correlated with proton flux.
Medical ultrasound image reconstruction using compressive sampling and lρ-norm minimization

In the last four years, a few research groups worked on the feasibility of compressive sampling (CS) in ultrasound medical imaging and several attempts of applying the CS theory may be found in the recent literature. In particular, it was shown that using iotap-norm minimization with p different from 1 provides interesting RF signal reconstruction results. In this paper, we propose to further improve this technique by processing the reconstruction in the Fourier domain. In addition, alpha -stable distributions are used to model the Fourier transforms of the RF lines. The parameter p used in the optimization process is related to the parameter alpha obtained by modelling the data (in the Fourier domain) as an alpha -stable distribution. The results obtained on experimental US images show significant reconstruction improvement compared to the previously published approach where the reconstruction was performed in the spatial domain.
BV‐estimates of Lax–Friedrichs' scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws with relaxation

In this paper, we will give BV‐estimates of Lax–Friedrichs' scheme for a simple hyperbolic system of conservation laws with relaxation and get the global existence and uniqueness of BV‐solution by the BV‐estimates above. Furthermore, our results show that the solution converge towards the solution of an equilibrium model as the relaxation time ε>0 tends to zero provided sub‐characteristic condition holds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regression on parameters from three‐way decomposition

This paper presents work on the combination of (a) environmental chemistry, (b) three‐way analysis by Parafac constrained to non‐negative results and (c) multivariate calibration. For two different environmental examples it is shown how the loading parameters from an independent three‐way analysis can be used in a regression against external data. This combination leads to an easier interpretation of the results. The data are from Arctic aerosol studies. The subjectively obtained Parafac loadings are regressed against temperature anomalies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deformation of Water by a Magnetic Field

After the discovery that superconducting magnets could levitate diamagnetic objects,1,2 researchers became interested in measuring the repulsion of diamagnetic fluids in strong magnetic fields,3–5 which was given the name “The Moses Effect. ”5 Both for the levitation experiments and the quantitative studies on liquids, the large magnetic fields necessary were produced by superconducting magnets.
Evaluation of Euler fluxes by a high-order CFD scheme: shock instability

The construction of Euler fluxes is an important step in shock-capturing/upwind schemes. It is well known that unsuitable fluxes are responsible for many shock anomalies, such as the carbuncle phenomenon. Three kinds of flux vector splittings (FVSs) as well as three kinds of flux difference splittings (FDSs) are evaluated for the shock instability by a fifth-order weighted compact nonlinear scheme. The three FVSs are Steger–Warming splitting, van Leer splitting and kinetic flux vector splitting (KFVS). The three FDSs are Roe's splitting, advection upstream splitting method (AUSM) type splitting and Harten–Lax–van Leer (HLL) type splitting. Numerical results indicate that FVSs and high dissipative FDSs undergo a relative lower risk on the shock instability than that of low dissipative FDSs. However, none of the fluxes evaluated in the present study can entirely avoid the shock instability. Generally, the shock instability may be caused by any of the following factors: low dissipation, high Mach number, unsuitable grid distribution, large grid aspect ratio, and the relative shock-internal flow state (or position) between upstream and downstream shock waves. It comes out that the most important factor is the relative shock-internal state. If the shock-internal state is closer to the downstream state, the computation is at higher susceptibility to the shock instability. Wall-normal grid distribution has a greater influence on the shock instability than wall-azimuthal grid distribution because wall-normal grids directly impact on the shock-internal position. High shock intensity poses a high risk on the shock instability, but its influence is not as much as the shock-internal state. Large grid aspect ratio is also a source of the shock instability. Some results of a second-order scheme and a first-order scheme are also given. The comparison between the high-order scheme and the two low-order schemes indicates that high-order schemes are at a higher risk of the shock instability. Adding an entropy fix is very helpful in suppressing the shock instability for the two low-order schemes. When the high-order scheme is used, the entropy fix still works well for Roe's flux, but its effect on the Steger–Warming flux is trivial and not much clear.
Phase coexistence of clusters and islands: europium on graphene

The adsorption and equilibrium surface phases of europium (Eu) on graphene on Ir(111) are investigated in the temperature range from 35 to 400 K and for coverages ranging from a small fraction of a saturated monolayer to the second layer by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Using density functional theory including 4f-shell Coulomb interactions and modelling of electronic interactions, excellent agreement with the experimental results for the equilibrium adsorbate phase, adsorbate diffusion and work function is obtained. Most remarkably, at 300 K in an intermediate coverage range a phase of uniformly distributed Eu clusters (size 10–20 atoms) coexists in two-dimensional equilibrium with large Eu-islands in a structure. We argue that the formation of the cluster phase is driven by the interplay of three effects. Firstly, the metallic Eu–Eu binding leads to the local stability of structures. Secondly, electrons lower their kinetic energy by leaving the Eu clusters, thereby doping graphene. Thirdly, the Coulomb energy penalty associated with the charge transfer from Eu to graphene is strongly reduced for smaller clusters.
Computation of electromagnetic forces from finite element field solutions

Designers of electromechanical devices often need to predict magnetic forces from finite element solutions with good accuracy. This paper considers two common methods of force computation, namely the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) and the Coulomb virtual work (CVW) methods. These methods require the definition of either an integration path (in the MST method) or a sheared layer (in the CVW method), and results have been found to depend on the path or layer selected. This difficulty is associated with local errors in the computed field, which can translate into significant force errors. To overcome the problem, this paper investigates a particular implementation based on the CVW method. In this implementation, the predicted force is computed from several layers of distorted elements of the free space region surrounding a body under force thereby increasing the number of elements contributing to the force computation. Two practical examples are considered. One is a linear case, consisting of two infinitely long parallel conductors of rectangular cross section for which an analytical result is possible and the other is a severely nonlinear case for which the axial force in an axially symmetric actuator has been measured experimentally. The improved accuracy of the new implementation compared with the MST method and the CVW method with a single sheared layer is demonstrated.
The RADTRAN microwave surface emission models

The AFGL RADTRAN microwave atmospheric transmission/brightness temperature computer code has been enhanced by a surface emissivity modeling subpackage. This enhancement will provide realistic calculations of frequency-dependent polarized surface emissivity to support simulations of Earth-viewing microwave sensing systems. These models are appropriate for the frequency range 1-40 GHz. Two distinct modeling approaches have been applied: one based on wave theory for random discrete scatterers, and one based on radiative transfer theory for continuous random media. The former approach is used to model the ocean surface, various forms of sea ice, and snow over land, whereas the latter is used to treat soils and vegetation. Surface emissivity values obtained from these models as functions of polarization, frequency, and look angle are illustrated. >
Collisional excitation of formaldehyde in 'hot' interstellar molecular regions

Earlier calculations for rotational excitation of formaldehyde by collisions with He atoms are extended to include the lowest 81 rotational levels and kinetic temperatures to 300 K. Calculations are generally based on Green et al. (1978) but coupled differential equations are solved via a modified log-derivative propagator at low energies (Manolopoulos, 1986) and an R-matrix propagator at higher energies (Stechel, Walker, and Light, 1978). Consideration is given to the expected accuracy of the rates for excitation of formaldehyde by collisions with He atoms which are calculated in the present paper and to the expected differences between these rates and those for excitation by H2 molecules which comprise a larger fraction of the interstellar gas. The comparisons performed indicate that, for excitation by He, calculated state-to-state rates are likely to be 50 percent accurate, and total excitation rates, better than 20 percent. For excitation by H2, the rates should be increased by a factor of 2.2. 28 refs.
Joint detection/estimation for modal order selection in Gaussian and nonGaussian noise

The authors present a general approach to determining the number of sinusoids present in measurements corrupted by additive white Gaussian and nonGaussian noise. The approach involves the simultaneous application of maximum a posteriori detection and nonlinear estimation using either the extended Kalman filter when the noise is Gaussian, or the extended high order filter when the noise is nonGaussian. The problem is formulated as a multiple hypothesis testing problem with assumed known a priori probabilities for each hypothesis. The advantage of the approach lies in the potential to accommodate time-varying as well as time-invariant parameters in the measurement model. Experimental evaluation of the approach demonstrates excellent performance in selecting the correct model order and estimating the system parameters even for signal-to-noise ratios as low as -5 dB. <<ETX>>
Biomaterial types, properties, medical applications, and other factors: a recent review

当患者体内的受损器官/组织被修复/替代后，患者的生活质量将会得到大幅改善。 用于人体植入性治疗的生物材料必须具备特定的性能。 人体对生物材料的接受程度是决定器官修复/移植成败的关键因素。 最新的生物材料的结构应与组织内的结构相似。 当前，基于先进的抗污、杀菌及抗生物膜技术，研究者正在研发抗感染的生物材料；它在现代医疗中预防和治疗重大传染性疾病是不可或缺的。 这些对生物材料提出了新的要求。 将来的研究热点之一是制备人体植入物的材料，并添加金属、陶瓷及聚合物。 这篇综述涵盖了组织工程所需的生物材料的概念、关键特征以及生物材料（包括生物活性材料和生物可吸收材料）在医疗实践中的应用，并将会帮助研究者更好地选取生物材料。 Biomaterial research has been going on for several years, and many companies are heavily investing in new product development. However, it is a contentious field of science. Biomaterial science is a field that combines materials science and medicine. The replacement or restoration of damaged tissues or organs enhances the patient’s quality of life. The deciding aspect is whether or not the body will accept a biomaterial. A biomaterial used for an implant must possess certain qualities to survive a long time. When a biomaterial is used for an implant, it must have specific properties to be long-lasting. A variety of materials are used in biomedical applications. They are widely used today and can be used individually or in combination. This review will aid researchers in the selection and assessment of biomaterials. Before using a biomaterial, its mechanical and physical properties should be considered. Recent biomaterials have a structure that closely resembles that of tissue. Anti-infective biomaterials and surfaces are being developed using advanced antifouling, bactericidal, and antibiofilm technologies. This review tries to cover critical features of biomaterials needed for tissue engineering, such as bioactivity, self-assembly, structural hierarchy, applications, heart valves, skin repair, bio-design, essential ideas in biomaterials, bioactive biomaterials, bioresorbable biomaterials, biomaterials in medical practice, biomedical function for design, biomaterial properties such as biocompatibility, heat response, non-toxicity, mechanical properties, physical properties, wear, and corrosion, as well as biomaterial properties such surfaces that are antibacterial, nanostructured materials, and biofilm disrupting compounds, are all being investigated. It is technically possible to stop the spread of implant infection.
Rapid chemical agent identification by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Although the Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, and use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), the use of these agents persists due to their low cost, simplicity in manufacturing and ease of deployment. These attributes make these weapons especially attractive to low technology countries and terrorists. The military and the public at large require portable, fast, sensitive, and accurate analyzers to provide early warning of the use of chemical weapons. Traditional laboratory analyzers such as the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, although sensitive and accurate, are large and require up to an hour per analysis. New, chemical specific analyzers, such as immunoassays and molecular recognition sensors, are portable, fast, and sensitive, but are plagued by false-positives (response to interferents). To overcome these limitations, we have been investigating the potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to identify and quantify chemical warfare agents in either the gas or liquid phase. The approach is based on the extreme sensitivity of SERS demonstrated by single molecule detection, a new SERS material that we have developed to allow reproducible and reversible measurements, and the molecular specific information provided by Raman spectroscopy. Here we present SER spectra of chemical agent simulants in both the liquid and gas phase, as well as CWA hydrolysis phase.
Microscopic model for dielectric constant in metal-insulator-metal capacitors with high-permittivity metallic oxides

A microscopic model for metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors with high permittivity metallic oxides is developed to determine the electric field dependence of dielectric constant. The model indicates that the metallic cation displacement in the tetrahedral cell is at the origin of the dielectric constant variations. The temperature dependence has also been included to compare the model with experiment and to give an indication of the reliability of the model. The experimental data that are compared to our model have been obtained from capacitance versus voltage (C-V) characterization on MIM capacitors with alumina as dielectric and TiN electrodes. The C-V curves have been performed at a frequency of 100kHz for different temperatures ranging from 200to400K.
Fingerprint segmentation based on local fourier transform

The segmentation of fingerprint images plays an important role in fingerprint recognition. A new algorithm based on Local Fourier Transform (LFT) for the fingerprint segmentation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we perform the Local Fourier Transform on image to get eight independent Local Fourier coefficients per pixel. Then, block features are extracted by calculating the 2nd, 4th, 6th order moments of the local Fourier coefficients of every pixel in the block. After that, a Fisher linear discriminant classifier is trained for the classification per block. Finally, mathematical morphology and region boundary smoothing is applied as postprocessing to obtain compact clusters and to reduce the number of classification errors. The experimental results on the databases of FVC2004 demonstrate the robustness and the efficiency of the proposed method.
The impact of personal protective factors on quality of life after traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACT Primary objective Examine the impact of four personal protective factors (self-awareness (SA), self-efficacy (SE), cognitive and emotional factors) on positive adaptation, or resiliency, in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesized that people with better SA and cognitive skills, less depression and positive SE will report better quality of life (QOL). Research design Correlational longitudinal design was used to explore relationships between outcome variables at initial evaluation and 6-months following initial evaluation Methods and procedures 38 community-dwelling adults at least 1 year after sustaining a moderate-to-severe TBI were administered the Self-Efficacy Scale, Awareness Questionnaire, Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and SF-12. Main outcome and results Higher rated SE and emotional functioning correlated with better QOL indicating SE and emotional functioning may be personal factors facilitating positive adaptation in persons with TBI. Interestingly, poorer cognitive functioning (i.e. processing speed) and lower SA correlated with better QOL. Additionally, cognitive and emotional functioning were significant predictors of QOL. Conclusion Strengthening emotional functioning and SE may improve outcomes after TBI. However, it may be that self-reported QoL is a poor outcome for people with TBI and measurement in future studies and practice should focus on actual engagement of activities.
In vitro and in vivo metabolic profiling of PD105, a PI3Kδ inhibitor, using UHPLC-Q-Exactive plus-MS

Abstract PD105, a PI3Kδ inhibitor, is a candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This study aims to identify the metabolic profiling in vitro and in vivo by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus-MS. The in vitro metabolism of PD105 was studied by mouse liver microsomes and hepatocytes, while the in vivo metabolic profiling was obtained from mouse plasma, urine, and faeces. A total of 20 metabolites were tentatively identified based on accurate mass, fragment pathways, and characteristic fragment ions, including 4 in vitro and 20 in vivo. The proposed metabolic pathways of PD105 showed that there were 18 phase I metabolites and 2 phase II metabolites. The phase I metabolic pathways included oxidation, hydration, desaturation and oxidative dechlorination, while the phase II metabolic reactions were mainly methylation and arginine conjugation. Among them, oxidation was the main metabolic pathway of PD105. The comprehensive metabolic profiling contributed to further elucidation of pharmacological action and mechanism of PD105.
Dissection of 3D chromosome organization in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) leads to biosynthetic gene cluster overexpression

Significance This work demonstrates the coordination of global adaptive chromosomal rearrangement and transformation of metabolism in different growth phases, describes the interplay of local chromosomal structure and transcription of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), and applies the potential three dimension (3D) regulation mechanism to realize the high production of target natural products. Our study will provide some insight into the prokaryotic chromosomal organization and transcriptional regulation and offer guidelines to increase the production of natural products.
Online Grocery Shopping and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Electronic Benefit Transfer Card (EBT): Perceptions of Head Start Caregivers

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to explore perceptions of online grocery shopping and the online United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Electronic Benefit Transfer card (EBT) program among Head Start caregivers. Three focus groups were conducted between December 2019 and January 2020. Most participants hadn’t tried online grocery shopping. Concerns included others choosing perishables, receiving wrong items, and inappropriate substitutes. Perceived benefits included saving time, preventing impulse buys, and eating healthier. Results have broad applicability in the current COVID-19 pandemic where online grocery shopping and the online SNAP EBT program have rapidly expanded across the United States.
Characteristics and impacts of live music interventions on health and wellbeing for children, families, and health care professionals in paediatric hospitals: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Purpose The objective of this scoping review is to compile and examine characteristics and impacts of live music interventions on the health and wellbeing of children, families, and health care professionals in paediatric hospital care. Methods We searched four scientific databases for peer-reviewed publications of empirical studies of all study designs. The first author screened the publications, with spot-checks for eligibility by the second and third authors. Data extraction and quality assessment were made by the first author with support from the second and third. Additionally, the included studies were screened for quality appraisal. The analysis followed an inductive, interpretive approach for synthesis. Results Quantitative features were screened and compiled, and qualitative inductive analyses of findings were elaborated into categories connected to research questions. The reported impacts were thematized through emergent features of importance and prerequisites beneficial for successful interventions. Recurrent outcomes present themes of positive affect, copingand reduced hospitalization. Emotional regulation, play and participation, age, session design, adaptivity, and familiarity present benefits, barriers, and facilitators for outcomes. Conclusions Findings from collected empirical research display philosophy, practice, and relations as keys for characteristics, impacts, and implications of live music interventions in paediatric hospital care. The communicative aspects of music appear at the core of importance.