Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Left Ventricular Systolic Function After Biventricular Resynchronization Pacing in a Child With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot and Severe Biventricular Dysfunction

A 5-year-old child had undergone surgical repair of a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis at the age of 4 months. The repair required a total of 3 episodes of cardiopulmonary bypass and was complicated by complete atrioventricular block. Subsequently, a permanent dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted, with epicardial leads on the right atrium and the right ventricular outflow tract. Late postoperative complications included atrial ectopic tachycardia, controlled with amiodarone, and progressive left ventricular systolic dysfunction, treated with increasing doses of digoxin, captopril, furosemide, and hydrochlorothiazide-spironolactone. The patient was referred to our center for ongoing …
Who Will Stay in the FLOSS Community? Modeling Participant’s Initial Behavior

Motivation: To survive and succeed, FLOSS projects need contributors able to accomplish critical project tasks. However, such tasks require extensive project experience of long term contributors (LTCs). Aim: We measure, understand, and predict how the newcomers' involvement and environment in the issue tracking system (ITS) affect their odds of becoming an LTC. Method: ITS data of Mozilla and Gnome, literature, interviews, and online documents were used to design measures of involvement and environment. A logistic regression model was used to explain and predict contributor's odds of becoming an LTC. We also reproduced the results on new data provided by Mozilla. Results: We constructed nine measures of involvement and environment based on events recorded in an ITS. Macro-climate is the overall project environment while micro-climate is person-specific and varies among the participants. Newcomers who are able to get at least one issue reported in the first month to be fixed, doubled their odds of becoming an LTC. The macro-climate with high project popularity and the micro-climate with low attention from peers reduced the odds. The precision of LTC prediction was 38 times higher than for a random predictor. We were able to reproduce the results with new Mozilla data without losing the significance or predictive power of the previously published model. We encountered unexpected changes in some attributes and suggest ways to make analysis of ITS data more reproducible. Conclusions: The findings suggest the importance of initial behaviors and experiences of new participants and outline empirically-based approaches to help the communities with the recruitment of contributors for long-term participation and to help the participants contribute more effectively. To facilitate the reproduction of the study and of the proposed measures in other contexts, we provide the data we retrieved and the scripts we wrote at https://www.passion-lab.org/projects/developerfluency.html.
Identifying of Intrapreneurship Behaviors: Case of Country in Transition Economy

Successful companies figure out that the most important elements in the organization are the ability to use the creativity of managers and employees through the recognition of their behaviors. One of the most important strategies for developing intrapreneurship in organizations is to improve and enhance the intrapreneurial behavior of employees, but what is deduced from the review of the history of the research is that most of the studies in the field of personality of entrepreneurs pointed to their characteristics and the type of properties is fewer studies, especially in developing countries and transition economies. The research is part of a series of research that seeks to identify and explore the components of intrapreneurial behavior in the organizations of Iran as a developing country, which is one of the economies in transition. This research is qualitative research in which a thematic analysis approach has been used. The statistical population of this project is selected among 170 competent firms. The findings of the study showed that 27 components of intrapreneurial behaviors in the organization, including 10 personality-based intrapreneurial behaviors and 17 effective entrepreneurial behaviors affected by the environment.
Diagnostic Reliability of Leptomeningeal Disease Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Brain metastases are seen in 20%-50% of patients with metastatic solid tumors. On the other hand, leptomeningeal disease (LMD) occurs more rarely. The gold standard for the diagnosis of LMD is serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses, although in daily practice, the diagnosis of LMD is often made by neuroimaging. Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) have been a relative contra-indication to radiosurgery. It can be noted that focal LMD can be difficult to distinguish from a superficially located/cortical-based brain metastasis which is not a contra-indication for radiosurgery. Hence, justifying the need of a reliable diagnosis method. The goal of this study was to determine the inter-observer reliability of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (gdMRI) in the differentiation of focal cortical-based metastases from leptomeningeal spread. This is a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of patients with brain metastases. A total of 42 cases with superficial lesions were selected for review. Additionally, eight control cases demonstrating deep and/or white-matter based lesions were included in the study. Three neuroradiologists and three radiation oncologists were asked to review each study and score the presence of LM. Inter-observer agreement was calculated using group-derived agreement coefficients (Gwet’s AC1 and Gwet's AC2). Pair-wise inter-observer agreement coefficients never reached substantial values for trichotomized outcomes (LMD, non-LMD or indeterminate) but did reach a substantial value in a minority of cases for dichotomised outcomes (LMD or non-LMD). The control subgroup analysis revealed substantial agreement between most pairs for both trichotomized and dichotomised outcomes. We observed low inter-observer agreement amongst specialists for the diagnosis of focal LMD by gdMRI. Neuroimaging should not be relied upon to make treatment decisions, notably to deny patients radiosurgery.
Artificial Neural Network Modeling to Predict the Non-Linearity in Reaction Conditions of Cholesterol Oxidase from Streptomyces olivaceus MTCC 6820

Cholesterol oxidase (COX) is widely used enzyme for total cholesterol estimation in human serum and for the fabrication of electro-chemical biosensors. COX is also used for the bioconversion of cholesterol; for the production of precursors of steroidal drugs and hormones. Enzyme activity depends decisively on defined conditions with respect to pH, temperature, ionic strength of the buffer, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, reaction time. Standardization of these parameters is desirable to attain optimum activity of the enzyme. The present work aims to build a neural network model using five input parameters (pH, cholesterol concentration, 4-aminoantipyrine concentration, crude COX volume and horseradish peroxidase) and one output i.e., COX activity (U/ml) as a response. A feed forward back propagation neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm was used to train the network. The network performance was assessed in terms of regression (R2), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). A network topology of 5-10-1 was found to be optimum. The MSE, MAPE and R2 values of the neural model were 0.0075%, 0.12% and 0.9792% respectively. The maximum predicted activity of COX was 1.073 U/ml, which was close to the experimental value i.e., 1.1 U/ml at simulated optimum assay conditions. MSE and MAPE depicted the precision in the prediction efficiency of the developed ANN model. Higher R2 value showed a good correlation between the experimental and ANN predicted values. This proved the robustness of the ANN model to predict similar type of system (COX from other Streptomyces sp.) within the limits of the trained data set. The COX activity was enhanced by 1.71 folds after optimization of the reaction conditions.
Traditional non-alcoholic beverage, Togwa, in East Africa, produced from maize flour and germinated finger millet

The traditional non-alcoholic beverage in East Africa, togwa, produced from the flour of maize and germinated finger millet (finger millet malt), was investigated. The preparation techniques of togwa observed in the rural villages of East Africa are described, and the temperature and pH profile of togwa during its manufacture are also shown. Maize and finger millet malt should be the source of starch and amylase, respectively. Maize flour slurry was heated once with stirring up to around 80°C and cooled to about 50°C, and then finger millet malt flour was added to the warm porridge paste and kept at about 50°C for 20 min. The consistency of the paste was suddenly reduced by addition of finger millet malt flour and the gel paste changed to viscous liquid, which was kept in a container and incubated at ambient temperature for 15 h. After incubation it became sweet and was ready to drink without removal of any insoluble materials. Changes in the concentration of glucose and lactic acid of togwa during its maturation period were measured using portable devices until 70 h incubation at the rural village of Tanzania in a dry season. Glucose level increased with incubation and reached the threshold value of sweetness; 24 h incubation later, the lactate level increased and pH decreased. The preparation techniques of a traditional alcoholic beverage, pombe, were also investigated in the same rural locality, and the differences and characteristics of both traditional beverages are discussed.
Differences of vascular remodeling in human coronary artery bypass vessels : (implications for the pathogenesis of vascular diseases)

Koronararterien stellen die Blutversorgung und damit die Funktionsfahigkeit des Herzen sicher. Um diese auch bei durch atherosklerotische Veranderungen eingeschranktem Blutfluss zu gewahrleisten, werden als Bypass die A. mammaria interna (IMA) oder die V. saphena (SV) genutzt. Der langfristige Behandlungserfolg ist durch die Bypass Graft Erkrankung limitiert. Im Fall des SV Bypass, aber nicht des IMA Bypass treten nach 10-12 Jahren entsprechende Veranderungen auf. In dieser Studie konnte ein prothrombotisches Genexpressionsprofil der SV Gefasse, nicht aber der IMA Gefasse nachgewiesen werden. Letztere zeigen zudem weitere Eigenschaften, die zum Funktionsverlust des Bypass fuhren. Somit liefern diese Daten neue Erklarungen fur die unterschiedlich langfristige Funktion von Bypass-Gefassen. Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart assuring its proper function. Coronary atherosclerosis can reduce blood supply to the heart, in order to maintain cardiac function, internal mammary artery (IMA) isolated from the chest and saphenous vein (SV) isolated from lower limbs are used to bypass diseased lesions. Importantly, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) disease limits the success of this operation contributing to the late morbidity and mortality. Clinical observations showed that SV grafts are degenerated in 10-12 years, whereas this problem is absent in IMA grafts. This study demonstrates that IMA exhibits an anti-thrombotic, but SV a pro-thrombotic gene expression profile. Moreover, SV undergoes a rapid remodeling process leading to failure as an efficient graft. In summary, these data elucidate biological differences of these vessels which may accounts for their different patency observed in the clinic.
Anomalous DNA binding by E2 regulatory protein driven by spacer sequence TATA

We have investigated the anomalously weak binding of human papillomavirus (HPV) regulatory protein E2 to a DNA target containing the spacer sequence TATA. Experiments in magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+) ion buffers revealed a marked reduction in cutting by DNase I at the CpG sequence in the protein-binding site 3′ to the TATA spacer sequence, Studies of the cation dependence of DNA-E2 affinities showed that upon E2 binding the TATA sequence releases approximately twice as many Mg2+ ions as the average of the other spacer sequences. Binding experiments for TATA spacer relative to ATAT showed that in potassium ion (K+) the E2 affinity of the two sequences is nearly equal, but the relative dissociation constant (Kd) for TATA increases in the order K+ < Na+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+. Except for Mg2+, Kd for TATA relative to ATAT is independent of ion concentration, whereas for Mg2+ the affinity for TATA drops sharply as ion concentration increases. Thus, ions of increasing positive charge density increasingly distort the E2 binding site, weakening the affinity for protein. In the case of Mg2+, additional ions are bound to TATA that require displacement for protein binding. We suggest that the TATA sequence may bias the DNA structure towards a conformation that binds the protein relatively weakly.
Investigation of Noninvasive Muscle pH and Oxygen Saturation During Uncontrolled Hemorrhage and Resuscitation in Swine

ABSTRACT This study evaluated noninvasively determined muscle pH (pHm) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) in a swine shock model that used uncontrolled hemorrhage and restricted volume resuscitation. Anesthetized 40-kg female swine underwent hemorrhage until 24 mL/kg of blood was removed (n = 26), followed by transection of the spleen, causing uncontrolled hemorrhage throughout the remainder of the protocol. After 15 min, 15 mL/kg of resuscitation fluid (Hextend, fresh-frozen plasma or platelets) was given for 30 min. Arterial and venous blood gases were measured at baseline, shock, end of resuscitation, and end of the study (death or 5 h), along with lactate and base excess. In addition, seven animals underwent a sham procedure. Spectra were collected continuously from the posterior thigh using a prototype CareGuide 1100 Oximeter, and pHm and SmO2 were calculated from the spectra. A two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures followed by Tukey post hoc comparisons was used to compare experimental factors. It was shown that, for both pH and SO2, venous and muscle values were similar to each other at the end of the resuscitation period and at the end of the study for both surviving and nonsurviving animals. pH and SO2, venous and muscle, significantly declined as a result of bleeding, but lactate and base excess did not show significant changes during this period. Noninvasive pHm and SmO2 tracked the adequacy of resuscitation in real time, indicating at the time all of the fluid was delivered, which animals would live and which would die. The results of this swine study indicate that further evaluation on trauma patients is warranted.
Extracting Protein Interactions from Text with the Unified AkaneRE Event Extraction System

Currently, relation extraction (RE) and event extraction (EE) are the two main streams of biological information extraction. In 2009, the majority of these RE and EE research efforts were centered around the BioCreative II.5 Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) challenge and the “BioNLP event extraction shared task. ” Although these challenges took somewhat different approaches, they share the same ultimate goal of extracting bio-knowledge from the literature. This paper compares the two challenge task definitions, and presents a unified system that was successfully applied in both these and several other PPI extraction task settings. The AkaneRE system has three parts: A core engine for RE, a pool of modules for specific solutions, and a configuration language to adapt the system to different tasks. The core engine is based on machine learning, using either Support Vector Machines or Statistical Classifiers and features extracted from given training data. The specific modules solve tasks like sentence boundary detection, tokenization, stemming, part-of-speech tagging, parsing, named entity recognition, generation of potential relations, generation of machine learning features for each relation, and finally, assignment of confidence scores and ranking of candidate relations. With these components, the AkaneRE system produces state-of-the-art results, and the system is freely available for academic purposes at http://www-tsujii.is. s.u-tokyo.ac. jp/satre/akane/.
Changes in Connexin Expression and the Atrial Fibrillation Substrate in Congestive Heart Failure

Rationale: Although connexin changes are important for the ventricular arrhythmic substrate in congestive heart failure (CHF), connexin alterations during CHF-related atrial arrhythmogenic remodeling have received limited attention. Objective: To analyze connexin changes and their potential contribution to the atrial fibrillation (AF) substrate during the development and reversal of CHF. Methods and Results: Three groups of dogs were studied: CHF induced by 2-week ventricular tachypacing (240 bpm, n=15); CHF dogs allowed a 4-week nonpaced recovery interval after 2-week tachypacing (n=16); and nonpaced sham controls (n=19). Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure and atrial refractory periods increased with CHF and normalized on CHF recovery. CHF caused abnormalities in atrial conduction indexes and increased the duration of burst pacing-induced AF (DAF, from 22±7 seconds in control to 1100±171 seconds, P<0.001). CHF did not significantly alter overall atrial connexin (Cx)40 and Cx43 mRNA and protein expression levels, but produced Cx43 dephosphorylation, increased Cx40/Cx43 protein expression ratio and caused Cx43 redistribution toward transverse cell-boundaries. All of the connexin-alterations reversed on CHF recovery, but CHF-induced conduction abnormalities and increased DAF (884±220 seconds, P<0.001 versus control) remained. The atrial fibrous tissue content increased from 3.6±0.7% in control to 14.7±1.5% and 13.3±2.3% in CHF and CHF recovery, respectively (both P<0.01 versus control), with transversely running zones of fibrosis physically separating longitudinally directed muscle bundles. In an ionically based action potential/tissue model, fibrosis was able to account for conduction abnormalities associated with CHF and recovery. Conclusions: CHF causes atrial connexin changes, but these are not essential for CHF-related conduction disturbances and AF promotion, which are rather related primarily to fibrotic interruption of muscle bundle continuity.
Do Late Phase Hyperbaric and Normobaric Oxygen Therapies have Effect on Liver Damage? An Experimental Sepsis Model

Background: Sepsis is fatal presentation which affects many systems with possible progression to organ dysfunction and organ failure. Among these organs liver plays an important role in the prognosis of this syndrome. This study investigated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and normobaric oxygen (NBO) therapies on liver damage and oxidative stress in an experimental sepsis model. Materials and Methods: Forty males Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups as sham group (n=10), control (Sepsis+Cefepime) group (n=10), HBO (Sepsis+Cefepime+HBO) group (n=10), and NBO (Sepsis+Cefepime+NBO) group (n=10). Five days after sepsis induction, animals were sacrificed. The oxidative stress parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) for antioxidant response were measured in liver tissue. Neutrophil migration using myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and its contribution to liver damage was evaluated. Results: While MDA levels in HBO group were found to be lower than those in the control group, and comparable to those in the sham group, no difference was detected in the MDA levels between the control and NBO groups. SOD levels in NBO group were detected to be significantly higher than the control group. GSH-Px enzyme activity in HBO and NBO groups was at similar levels. Even though MPO levels in HBO group appeared to be lower than the control group, the difference did not reach statistical significance. When MPO levels and histopathological examination were evaluated, it was observed that neither HBO nor NBO administration in addition to antibiotherapy provided decrease in neutrophil infiltration which has an important role in liver damage. Conclusion: The benefit of HBO in the treatment of sepsis in addition to the use of antibiotics has also been confirmed to be successful in this study. Furthermore the data obtained from NBO applications in this study, is thought to be potentially useful for sepsis treatment.
LCMKL: latent-community and multi-kernel learning based image annotation

Automatic image annotation is an important function for online photo sharing service. The concurrence of labels is pretty common in multi-label annotation. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called latent-community and multi-kernel learning (LCMKL). The established graph of labels is regarded as a semantic network. Community detection method is introduced that treats the label set as communities. Multi-kernel learning SVM is adopted for specifying communities and settling difficulty of extracting semantically meaningful entities with some simple features. Experiments on NUS-WIDE database demonstrate that LCMKL outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches.
Ieee Transactions on Signal Processing, to Appear

— We propose, analyze, and illustrate several best basis search algorithms for dictionaries consisting of lapped orthogonal bases. We improve upon the best local cosine basis selection based on a dyadic tree [10], [11], by considering larger dictionaries of bases. We show that this can result in sparser representations and approximate shift-invariance. We also provide an algorithm which is strictly shift-invariant. Our experiments suggest that the new dictionaries can be advantageous for time-frequency analysis, compression, and noise removal. We provide accelerated versions of the basic algorithm which explore various trade-offs between computational efficiency and adaptability. We show that our algorithms are in fact applicable to any finite dictionary comprised of lapped orthogonal bases. We propose one such novel dictionary which constructs the best local cosine representation in the frequency domain, and show that the new dictionary is better suited for representing certain types of signals.
The Enhancement of Fingerprint Images using Gabor Filter

Fingerprint is used as an object of the image that can be characteristic of every human being. Fingerprint images that have noise, blur and are not clearly a major problem in image processing. Enhancement of fingerprint image quality is proposed with the Gabor Filter method. The steps taken begin by increasing the local image contrast by applying the adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) method, then, corrected by the Gabor Filter and binarization methods. Image quality improvement was measured by peak signal to noise ratio (PNSR) and mean square error (MSE). The results of the experiment using the NIST dataset resulted in the best value of PNSR of 18.2692 and MSE of 159.3449.