Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acceleration and persistence of neurofibrillary pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy following anesthesia

Alzheimer's disease and other tauopa‐thies are characterized by the presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated, insoluble tau. General anesthesia has been shown to be associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, and we have previously demonstrated that anesthesia induces hypothermia, which leads to overt tau hyperphosphorylation in the brain of mice regardless of the anesthetic used. To investigate whether anesthesia enhances the long‐term risk of developing pathological forms of tau, we exposed a mouse model with tauopathy to anesthesia and monitored the outcome at two time points—during anesthesia, or 1 wk after exposure. We found that exposure to isoflurane at clinically relevant doses led to increased levels of phospho‐tau, increased insoluble, aggregated forms of tau, and detachment of tau from microtubules. Furthermore, levels of phospho‐tau distributed in the neuropil, as well as in cell bodies increased. Interestingly, the level of insoluble tau was increased 1 wk following anesthesia, suggesting that anesthesia precipitates changes in the brain that provoke the later development of tauopathy. Overall, our results suggest that anesthesia‐induced hypothermia could lead to an acceleration of tau pathology in vivo that could have significant clinical implications for patients with early stage, or overt neurofibrillary tangle pathology. — Planel, E. ,Bretteville, A. , Liu, L. , Virag, L. , Du, A. L. , Yu, W. Y. , Dickson, D. W. , Whittington, R. A. , Duff, K. E. Acceleration and persistence of neurofibrillary pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy following anesthesia. FASEBJ. 23, 2595–2604 (2009)
시력 손상과 시각 장애(Visual Impairment and Blindness)

Acting Under Secretary of Health requested that a working group be established to develop the Veterans Health Initiative (VHI). He envisioned this as a comprehensive program to recognize the connection between certain health effects and military service, to allow military history to be better documented, to prepare health care providers to better serve their veteran patients, and to establish a data base for further study. This was first discussed by the Acting Under Secretary in relation to the health of former prisoners of war. Development was really begun by the former Chief Academic Affairs Officer, Dr. David Stevens, with the Military Service History project. This involves a pocket card for medical residents detailing the important components of a military service history targeting the health risks associated with various periods of service and more generic issues of concern and a website containing references relevant to the issues. Educational modules in the Veterans Health Initiative VHA will assist health care providers in recognizing the connection between certain health effects and military service, prepare health care providers to better serve veteran patients, and will provide a data base for further study. This independent study is designed to provide primary care practitioners with an introduction to the pathologies that lead to sight loss, their functional implications, appropriate method of referrals, training programs, and special considerations for interactions with visually impaired individuals. After completing this independent study, participants would be able to: • Define legal blindness; • Describe the causes of sight loss; • Delineate the functional implications of vision loss • Delineate the psycho/social impact of vision loss on the veteran; • Outline the role of the Visual Impairment Services Team (VIST) in the treatment of legally blind veterans and the referral process; • Describe the special personal and environmental considerations needed for visually impaired patients; • Describe the special medical considerations needed for visually impaired patients; • Describe the primary care practitioner's role in assisting veterans in establishing well-grounded claims for disability related to the loss of vision; and • Describe compensation and pension benefits provided for veterans with eye disabilities. After completing this independent study, you should 1. be able to: state the definition of legal blindness; 2. be able to: associate eye diseases with their visual implications; 3. be able to: demonstrate insight into the functional and Psycho/Social implications of sight-loss; 4. know when referrals to VIST are indicated; 5. understand …
Future Directions in the Study of Personality in Adulthood and Older Age

Over the past 20 years, empirical evidence has brought about a change in the view on how, or even whether, personality traits change or develop in adulthood and later life. Now we know personality can and does change for many people, if not most. Changes in personality may occur due to biological or environmental factors. This paper presents key empirical findings on personality change in adulthood and provides evidence that personality change affects mental and physical health. Our goal is to provide a broad overview on personality change research that would be an invaluable resource for students and researchers. We organize this paper into 3 sections. The first is focused on techniques in analyzing personality change in adulthood and later life. The second is focused on personality change as an outcome; we explore what factors predict personality change. The third discusses a relatively novel idea: personality change as a predictor of mental and physical health. We conclude that more research on factors predicting personality change is needed and we provide suggestions on how research on personality change can progress.
The Evolution of Bystanders, German Psychoanalysts, and Lessons for Today'

predisposition for group violence, give rise to intense needs and to attempts to fulfill them in ways that lead the group to turn against a subgroup of society. As they harm others, perpetrators change: They learn by doing, and become capable of greater violence. Their progress along a continuum of destruction ends in genocide. Bystanders, the other members of society, share with perpetrators a cultural tilt (as well as difficult life conditions and resulting motivations). If they passively accept the victims' suffering, or join the system, they also change, undergo resocialization in values and beliefs. As a result of self-selection, psychoanalysts who remained in Berlin had more inclination to accept the Nazis. They accommodated with the system, began to change psychanalytic ideas to fit Nazi ideology, passively accepted the exclusion and persecution of Jewish colleagues and those resistant to Nazism. They changed progressively, some of them joining the perpetrators. Both "internal" and "external" bystanders have great potential power to influence perpetrators and the course of events. If they act in others' behalf they themselves change, progress along a continuum of benevolence, and can develop intense commitment to others' welfare.
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Fuzzy Clustering Approach to Identify Optimal Number of Clusters

Abstract Fuzzy clustering is a popular unsupervised learning method that is used in cluster analysis. Fuzzy clustering allows a data point to belong to two or more clusters. Fuzzy c-means is the most well-known method that is applied to cluster analysis, however, the shortcoming is that the number of clusters need to be predefined. This paper proposes a clustering approach based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This PSO approach determines the optimal number of clusters automatically with the help of a threshold vector. The algorithm first randomly partitions the data set within a preset number of clusters, and then uses a reconstruction criterion to evaluate the performance of the clustering results. The experiments conducted demonstrate that the proposed algorithm automatically finds the optimal number of clusters. Furthermore, to visualize the results principal component analysis projection, conventional Sammon mapping, and fuzzy Sammon mapping were used
Re-Examination Of Maximization: Psychometric Assessment And Derivation Of A Short Form Of The Maximization Scale

This paper provides a psychometric assessment of the 13-item maximization scale developed by Schwartz and colleagues (2002), with the goal of reexamining its factor structure, reliability, and validity. The psychometric properties of several proposed revised versions of the scale are also investigated. The analyses reveal that a shorter, 6-item version of the scale performs better than the original scale and should be considered for use in future studies. Clarification of the conceptual underpinnings of the maximization construct and development of a more psychometrically sound version of the scale should enhance its use among behavioral researchers across several of the social science disciplines.
Smile-Seeking Givers and Value-Seeking Recipients: Why Gift Choices and Recipient Preferences Diverge

Prior research on gift giving has often treated “making recipients happy” as interchangeable with “improving recipients’ welfare. ” We propose givers’ motive to make recipients happy is better understood as a desire to induce positive affective reactions, such as a smile from recipients. This “smile-seeking” motive yields a mismatch between gift choices and recipients’ preferences, because attributes that promote recipient happiness upon gift reception are often not the same attributes that augment recipients’ overall welfare. We find a considerable givers-recipients preference discrepancy that cannot be explained by extant theories of perspective taking (Studies 1 & 2), is mitigated when the affective reactions are not immediately obtainable (Studies 3 & 4), and is mediated by the anticipation of these affective reactions (Studies 4 & 5). Moreover, in a longitudinal field survey (Study 6), givers derive more enjoyment from their observation of the recipients’ initial affective reactions than from their observation of recipients’ long-term satisfaction. Our findings challenge extant assumptions about gift-giving motives, and attest to the importance of affective reactions in interpersonal decision making.
[Clinical characteristics of 297 newly diagnosed Chinese HIV/AIDS patients].

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical characteristics of HIV infected patients in China in order to improve early recognition and diagnosis of AIDS. METHODS A total of 297 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from January 2001 to December 2012, including 19 patients of primary phase, 115 of asymptomatic phase and 163 of AIDS phase. Clinical characteristics of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Two hundred and nineteen out of 297 patients reported clinical symptoms with variety. The main systemic symptoms included fever (100 cases, 33.7%), weight loss (50 cases, 16.8%) and fatigue (38 cases, 12.8%). Organ involvement included mucocutaneous (67 cases, 22.6%), respiratory (62 cases, 20.9%), gastrointestinal (40 cases, 13.5%) systems. Patients in AIDS phase were more symptomatic. Seventy-three out of 173 (42.2%)patients have been referred by 2 healthcare providers at least before the diagnosis of HIV infection was confirmed. Initial diagnoses were made in Departments of Infectious Diseases (36.9%), Gastroenterology (16.4%), and Emergency (13.7%). Opportunistic infections accounted for most AIDS defining conditions (ADC), including pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) (36 cases, 22.1%), cytomegalovirus infection (25 cases, 15.3%) and tuberculosis (22 cases, 13.5%). Median peripheral CD(+)4 T lymphocyte count in patients with ADC were 36 cells/µl. CONCLUSIONS Common clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS included fever, weight loss, diarrhea, short of breath and mucocutaneous lesions. Opportunistic infections mainly affected respiratory and gastrointestinal system, with PCP the most common one. The diagnosis of HIV infection was delayed in most cases, suggesting that more efforts are required especially in universal education of clinicians and accurate viral detection.
Multi-domain issues of resilience

This paper gives an overview and classification of issues related to resilience in a multi-layer multi-domain network environment. Then the work focuses on the Internet inter-AS context, where the introduction of G/MPLS capabilities for traffic engineering may enhance the way traffic is exchanged today. This paper shows that, in this context, network resilience based on fast re-routing can be achieved, complementing existing inter-domain link protection strategies, by using alternative disjoint multi-domain backup paths through other domains. Furthermore, the paper proposes a specific method to apply MPLS label stacking to make such backup paths scalable to larger clusters of inter-protected domains by means of MPLS transit. This transit can be used as a temporary solution before BGP routes are stable. Finally, the latest standardisation activity on the provision of such multiple path information for BGP is also reviewed.
The influence of agr and σB in growth phase dependent regulation of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus

The expression of many virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus is tightly coordinated generally by global regulatory elements such as accessory gene regulator (agr), staphylococcal accessory regulator and the alternative sigma factor σB. We have compared the two‐dimensional (2‐D) protein pattern of extracellular protein extracts of wild‐type cells with the 2‐D patterns of the respective regulatory mutants in order to identify proteins whose amount is influenced by a mutation in agr or sigB. In order to quantify changes in the level of interesting proteins we used the Ettan‐fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis technique (Amersham Biosciences). As in most bacteria, the amount of extracellular proteins was strongly regulated and increased mainly in the stationary phase of growth at high cell densities. By comparing the extracellular protein pattern of the RN6390 rsbU strain with that of an isogenic agr mutant RN6911 we show that the level of about 70 protein spots changed in the mutant. To analyze the role of σB in virulence gene expression an RsbU+ (RN6390 RsbU+) derivative was included in this study. The protein pattern of the RsbU+ strain (RN6390 RsbU+) was very similar to that of the Δagr/ΔrsbU mutant strain (RN6911) indicating an opposing effect of agr and rsbU on the expression of the same genes.
Signal-mediated import of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nucleus and specific transcription of target genes

Bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase and derivatives that contain the nuclear localization signal (NLS) from simian virus 40 T antigen (J. J. Dunn, B. Krippl, K. Bernstein, H. Westphal, and F. W. Studier, Gene 68:259-266, 1988) were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the inducible GAL1 promoter. As determined by indirect immunofluorescence, T7 RNA polymerase lacking the NLS remained mostly in the cytoplasm, whereas the protein containing the NLS localized to the nucleus. T7 RNA polymerase containing a mutated NLS remained mostly cytoplasmic. Hybrid proteins containing the NLS near the amino terminus were enzymatically active in the yeast cell, initiating transcription selectively at a T7 promoter placed in yeast chromosomal or plasmid DNA and stopping at a specific T7 terminator. At limiting enzyme concentrations, 5 to 10 times as much target RNA was produced when the polymerase contained the NLS, presumably because more enzyme reached the nucleus. Although substantial amounts of intact mRNA accumulated, no translation of target mRNAs in yeast cells was detected.
Nutrition in Severe Dementia

An increasing proportion of older adults with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias are now surviving to more advanced stages of the illness. Advanced dementia is associated with feeding problems, including difficulty in swallowing and respiratory diseases. Patients become incompetent to make decisions. As a result, complex situations may arise in which physicians and families decide whether artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) is likely to be beneficial for the patient. The objective of this paper is to present methods for evaluating the nutritional status of patients with severe dementia as well as measures for the treatment of nutritional disorders, the use of vitamin and mineral supplementation, and indications for ANH and pharmacological therapy.
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as an Early Sign of Diabetic Kidney Injury in Children

Objective: There is some evidence indicating that histopathological changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) emerge before onset of microalbuminuria. The aim of our study was to determine whether urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels can be considered as an early sign of diabetic kidney injury. Methods: Urine NGAL (uNGAL) levels and urinary NGAL/creatinine ratio (uNGAL/Cr) were assessed in 76 patients with T1DM and compared with the findings of 35 healthy individuals. The relationship of uNGAL levels with diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), serum lipids, HbA1c, and microalbuminuria was also evaluated. Results: Mean uNGAL (100.16±108.28 ng/mL) and uNGAL/Cr (118.93-117.97 ng/mg) levels in both microalbuminuric and non-microalbuminuric diabetic patients were found to be higher than those in the control group (uNGAL: 21.46±18.59 ng/mL and uNGAL/Cr: 32.1±51.48 ng/mg) (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Urine NGAL level increases in the very early phase of T1DM before microalbuminuria develops. The patients with T1DM should be considered to have diabetic kidney injury from the time of diagnosis on and preventive interventions need to be initiated at an early stage to preclude the progression to end-stage renal disease.
Using Global Constraints and Reranking to Improve Cognates Detection

Global constraints and reranking have not been used in cognates detection research to date. We propose methods for using global constraints by performing rescoring of the score matrices produced by state of the art cognates detection systems. Using global constraints to perform rescoring is complementary to state of the art methods for performing cognates detection and results in significant performance improvements beyond current state of the art performance on publicly available datasets with different language pairs and various conditions such as different levels of baseline state of the art performance and different data size conditions, including with more realistic large data size conditions than have been evaluated with in the past.
The Adoption of Process Management for Accounting Information Systems in Thailand

 Abstract— Information Quality (IQ) has become a critical, strategic issue in Accounting Information Systems (AIS) adoption. In order to implement AIS adoption successfully, it is important to consider the quality of information use throughout the adoption process, which seriously impacts the effectiveness of AIS adoption practice and the optimisation of AIS adoption decisions. There is a growing need for research to provide insights into issues and solutions related to IQ in AIS adoption. The need for an integrated approach to improve IQ in AIS adoption, as well as the unique characteristics of accounting data, demands an AIS adoption specific IQ framework. This research aims to explore ways of managing information quality and AIS adoption to investigate the relationship between the IQ issues and AIS adoption process. This study has led to the development of a framework for understanding IQ management in AIS adoption. This research was done on 44 respondents as ten organisations from manufacturing firms in Thailand. The findings of the research’s empirical evidence suggest that IQ dimensions in AIS adoption to provide assistance in all process of decision making. This research provides empirical evidence that information quality of AIS adoption affect decision making and suggests that these variables should be considered in adopting AIS in order to improve the effectiveness of AIS.
Behavioral and neurocomputational investigations of human recognition memory and cognition

Models of human recognition memory frequently differentiate between processes of recollection, as the retrieval of qualitative information about a past event, and familiarity, as a more continuous process that matches a currently perceived stimulus against an accumulation of many similar past experiences. Cognitive models have made important advances in our understanding of memory functioning, but have at times struggled to account for some more nuanced empirical findings. Recently, computational models of the brain have provided an alternative, but complementary perspective by simulating networks of neurons that communicate with one another and learn to associate external events with internal patterns of activation. The research presented for this thesis combines behavioral and computational methodologies to investigate aspects of recognition memory and related cognitive domains that have to date been poorly understood. The current research is presented as four peer-reviewed papers. The first paper, Testing a Neurocomputational Model of Recollection, Familiarity, and Source Recognition (Elfman, Parks & Yonelinas, 2008), tests a computationally motivated hypothesis that, under conditions of high stimulus similarity, the threshold nature of recollection will begin to break down and become more continuous. The results of four behavioral experiments validated this hypothesis and thus supported the model. The second paper, Variations in Recollection: The Effects of Complexity on Source Recognition (Parks, Murray, Elfman & Yonelinas, 2011), builds on recent findings that the retrieval functions associated with perceptually rich stimuli differ from those associated with more simple stimuli. Behavioral experiments supported the hypothesis that the difference between those functions is attributable to recollection effects. In addition, computational modeling work suggested that increased stimulus complexity is akin to increased stimulus overlap and thus offers a theoretically plausible explanation for the observed effects. The third paper, Recollection and Familiarity Exhibit Dissociable Similarity Gradients: A Test of the Complementary Learning Systems Model (Elfman & Yonelinas, 2015) examines how varying the similarity between retrieval cues and their respective study events differentially effects recollection and familiarity performances. Simulations indicated that recollection, which is associated with activity in the