Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verification on the Effectiveness of Emotional Leadership of Branch Managers on Organizational Performance in Contracted Foodservice Company - Through the Construction of a Structural Equation Model -

The purposes of this study were to provide evidence concerning the effects of Emotional Leadership and examine the impacts of Emotional Leadership on employee-related variables which were 'job satisfaction', 'organizational commitment', 'organizational performance', 'turnover intention'. A survey was conducted from August 23 to November 3, 2005 to collect data from kitchen staff(N=611). Statistical analyses were completed using SPSS Win(12.0) for descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and AMOS(5.0) for structural equation modeling. Kitchen staffs gave high point to their leader in the Emotional Leadership competence 'Optimism: seeing the upside in events' and 'Adaptability: flexibility in handing change' and gave lower point in the Emotional Leadership competence 'Inspirational leadership: guiding and motivating with compelling vision'. Employees' job satisfaction on 'coworker' were relatively high. However, the extents of satisfaction on 'payroll', 'promotion', 'work environment' were relatively low. The organizational commitment score was higher at 'loyalty' factor than 'commitment' factor. the test of hypothesis using structural equation modeling found that Emotional Leadership produced positive effects on job attitude and job performance. In conclusion, this study has identified that the Emotional Leadership effects on their organizational performance and attitudes toward their job.
Engagement in Computer Science and IT -- What! A Matter of Identity?

In this paper, we develop and illustrate the use of a new theoretical framework to systematically investigate the development of student identity in Computer Science and IT. Identity has been identified as a critical issue in the endeavour to increase students' engagement in Computer Science and related areas. Findings from earlier studies indicate that students' doubts about future engagement are often due to an unfortunate perception of the discipline, that it lacks meaning, which leads to a tendency to dissociate themselves from IT and Computer Science as an area of further study. To understand different ways of experiencing engagement in the discipline as personally meaningful, we have integrated aspects of Lave and Wenger's social theory of learning, especially Wenger's notion of meaning, with a model developed by Entwistle that describes how conceptions of learning and knowledge expand and evolve in the context of the educational experience. We explore the use of this theoretical framework on reflections that we collected from all novice students of the Computer Science and IT engineering programme at Uppsala University, in which the students reflect on their choice of study program, goals, and expectations for education. The theoretical framework is furthermore discussed with respect to our broader research project to study students' identity development in Computer Science and IT as well as the role of education, how it supports or hinders students and how this can be used to inform educational development.
Advances in the Function and Regulation of Hydrogenase in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803

In order to use cyanobacteria for the biological production of hydrogen, it is important to thoroughly study the function and the regulation of the hydrogen-production machine in order to better understand its role in the global cell metabolism and identify bottlenecks limiting H2 production. Most of the recent advances in our understanding of the bidirectional [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase (Hox) came from investigations performed in the widely-used model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 where Hox is the sole enzyme capable of combining electrons with protons to produce H2 under specific conditions. Recent findings suggested that the Hox enzyme can receive electrons from not only NAD(P)H as usually shown, but also, or even preferentially, from ferredoxin. Furthermore, plasmid-encoded functions and glutathionylation (the formation of a mixed-disulfide between the cysteines residues of a protein and the cysteine residue of glutathione) are proposed as possible new players in the function and regulation of hydrogen production.
Efficient feature correspondence for image registration

Feature correspondence is an important step in image registration. Chamfer matching is a process of establishing the feature correspondence of an object (subimage) in an image where both the subimage and the image are binary. Chamfer matching establishes correspondence based on low level features. It is the process of locating the template within the image by shifting the template within the image and at each shift position determining the sum of distances of closest object points in the template and the image. The smaller the sum, the closer object points in the template and the image. Correspondence is achieved by calculating the minimum distance out of all the translations which is computationally expensive. The problem is further aggravated if reference image is of much greater dimensions as compared to template image. Since the reference image consists of objects and background, calculating the minimum distance for all the pixel locations becomes time consuming. In this paper a method to decrease the computation time of existing technique is presented, to make existing schemes suitable for real time registration.
Characteristics of psychiatric inpatients who experienced restraint and those who did not: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE Use of restraint in acute psychiatric wards is highly controversial. Knowledge is limited about the characteristics of patients who are restrained and the predictors of use of restraint. This study examined whether restrained patients differed from nonrestrained patients in demographic, clinical, and medicolegal variables and to what extent the variables predicted use of restraint. METHODS A two-year retrospective case-control design was used. The sample comprised all restrained patients (N=375) and a randomly selected control group of nonrestrained patients (N=374) from three catchment-area-based acute psychiatric wards in Norway. Data sources were restraint protocols and electronic patient files. RESULTS The restrained patients were significantly younger and more likely to be men, to reside outside the wards' catchment areas, and to have an immigrant background. Restrained patients also had more admissions and longer inpatient stays than nonrestrained patients and were more likely to be involuntarily referred and to have one or more of the following ICD-10 diagnoses: a substance use disorder, schizophrenia or a related psychotic disorder, and bipolar disorder. Binary logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, gender, immigrant background, and catchment area, indicated that the number of admissions, length of stay, legal basis for referral, and diagnosis each independently predicted the use of restraint. No interactions were found. CONCLUSIONS Use of restraint was predicted by multiple admissions, long inpatient stays, involuntary admission, and serious mental illness. Identifying patients at risk may inform the development of alternatives to restraint for these patients.
The Microdemographic Community-Study Approach

Survey methods have been criticized for producing unreliable, invalid data and for failing to provide contextual information to test complex causal hypotheses. We discuss a technique that combines survey and ethnographic methods at every stage of the data collection process to overcome these shortcomings. We use ethnographic and survey evidence to show how the combined approach reduces coverage errors, nonresponse errors and measurement errors arising from the interviewer, the questionnaire, and the respondent. Complete integration of the two methods during data collection can uncover information that a survey alone would have missed. Ethnographic data can also be used to understand the meaning behind relationships among survey variables that would have otherwise been unclear. Finally, although the combined approach is intensive, it is flexible enough to be used in a variety of settings to study many different research questions.
Memory CD8+ T Cells Are Required for Protection from Persistent Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Few hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections resolve spontaneously but those that do appear to afford protective immunity. Second infections are usually shorter in duration and are less likely to persist but mechanisms of virus control in immune individuals have not been identified. In this study we investigated whether memory helper and/or cytotoxic T lymphocytes provide protection in chimpanzees serially reinfected with the virus. Clearance of the first infection took 3–4 mo and coincided with the delayed onset of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. High frequencies of memory T cells targeting multiple HCV proteins were stable over 7 yr of follow-up. Animals were infected for a second time to assess the protective role of memory T cells. In contrast to the prolonged course of the first infection, viremia was terminated within 14 d. Control of this second infection was kinetically linked to rapid acquisition of virus-specific cytolytic activity by liver resident CD8+ T cells and expansion of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood. The importance of memory CD8+ T cells in control of HCV infection was confirmed by antibody-mediated depletion of this lymphocyte subset before a third infection. Virus replication was prolonged despite the presence of memory CD4+ T helper cells primed by the two prior infections and was not terminated until HCV-specific CD8+ T cells recovered in the liver. These experiments demonstrate an essential role for memory CD8+ T cells in long-term protection from chronic hepatitis C.
Does (Private) Education Matter? Recent evidence from international OECD data

What follows is an exercise aimed at estimating private vs. public school effect on academic achievement. It is based on the analysis of Math, Science and Reading test scores of 15 year-olds students surveyed in 2002 across OECD and non-OECD countries. Its main purpose is to get an accurate measure of the achievement differentials of students that have chosen to attend private and public schools. To do so, it is absolutely necessary to control for all exogenous factors that influence outcome and have nothing to do with a private/public effectiveness differential. We henceforth control for different types of bias: the student and the student’s peer group (observed) socio-economic background, but also variables that are not observed by the statistician (like motivation). The latter is done using an endogenous treatment model derived from Heckman’s two-stages approach of endogeneity/selectivity. Estimations show that the effect of a private education varies across countries: in a first group of country, students from private schools perform better. In a second group, there is no distinct effect of a public/private education. Finally, in a third, smaller group, public schools seem to outperform private ones.
Expansion of the calcium hypothesis of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease: minding the store

Evidence accumulated over more than two decades has implicated Ca2+ dysregulation in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), giving rise to the Ca2+ hypothesis of brain aging and dementia. Electrophysiological, imaging, and behavioral studies in hippocampal or cortical neurons of rodents and rabbits have revealed aging‐related increases in the slow afterhyperpolarization, Ca2+ spikes and currents, Ca2+ transients, and L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel (L‐VGCC) activity. Several of these changes have been associated with age‐related deficits in learning or memory. Consequently, one version of the Ca2+ hypothesis has been that increased L‐VGCC activity drives many of the other Ca2+‐related biomarkers of hippocampal aging. In addition, other studies have reported aging‐ or AD model‐related alterations in Ca2+ release from ryanodine receptors (RyR) on intracellular stores. The Ca2+‐sensitive RyR channels amplify plasmalemmal Ca2+ influx by the mechanism of Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release (CICR). Considerable evidence indicates that a preferred functional link is present between L‐VGCCs and RyRs which operate in series in heart and some brain cells. Here, we review studies implicating RyRs in altered Ca2+ regulation in cell toxicity, aging, and AD. A recent study from our laboratory showed that increased CICR plays a necessary role in the emergence of Ca2+‐related biomarkers of aging. Consequently, we propose an expanded L‐VGCC/Ca2+ hypothesis, in which aging/pathological changes occur in both L‐type Ca2+ channels and RyRs, and interact to abnormally amplify Ca2+ transients. In turn, the increased transients result in dysregulation of multiple Ca2+‐dependent processes and, through somewhat different pathways, in accelerated functional decline during aging and AD.
Efficient Overdetection Elimination of Acceptable Faults for Yield Improvement

Acceptable faults in a circuit under test (CUT) refer to those faults that have no or only minor impacts on the performance of the CUT. A circuit with an acceptable fault may be marketable for some specific applications. Therefore, by carefully dealing with these faults during testing, significant yield improvement can be achieved. Previous studies have shown that the patterns generated by a conventional automatic test pattern generation procedure to detect all unacceptable faults also detect many acceptable ones, resulting in a severe loss on achievable yield improvement. In this paper, we present a novel test methodology called multiple test set detection (MTSD) to totally eliminate this overdetection problem. A basic test set generation method is first presented, which depicts a fundamental scheme to generate appropriate test sets for MTSD. We then describe an enhanced test generation method that can significantly reduce the total number of test patterns. Solid theoretical derivations are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Experimental results show that in general an 80%-99% reduction in the number of test patterns can be achieved compared with previous work addressing this problem.
Robust embedded egomotion estimation

This work presents a method for estimating the egomotion of an aerial vehicle in challenging industrial environments. It combines binocular visual and inertial cues in a tightly-coupled fashion and operates in real time on an embedded platform. An extended Kalman filter fuses measurements and makes motion estimation rely more on inertial data if visual feature constellation is degenerate. Errors in roll and pitch are bounded implicitly by the gravity vector. Inertial sensors are used for efficient outlier detection and enable operation in poorly and repetitively textured environments. We demonstrate robustness and accuracy in an industrial scenario as well as in general indoor environments. The former is accompanied by a detailed performance evaluation supported with ground truth measurements from an external tracking system.
Discovery of nigral dopaminergic neurogenesis in adult mice

Parkinson′s disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. As a result, intensive efforts have focused upon mechanisms that facilitate the death of mature dopaminergic neurons. Unfortunately, these efforts have been unsuccessful in providing an effective treatment to address neurodegeneration in this disease. Therefore, alternative theories of pathogenesis are being explored. Adult neurogenesis of dopaminergic neurons is an attractive concept that would provide a possible mechanism of neurodegeneration as well as offer an endogenous means to replenish affected neurons. To determine whether dopaminergic neurons experience neurogenesis in adult mice we developed a novel cell lineage tracing model that permitted detection of neurogenesis without many of the issues associated with popular techniques. Remarkably, we discovered that dopaminergic neurons are replenished in adult mice by Nestin+/Sox2- progenitor cells. What′s more, the rate of neurogenesis is similar to the rate of dopaminergic neuron loss reported using a chronic, systemic inflammatory response mouse model. This observation may indicate that neuron loss in Parkinson′s disease results from inhibition of neurogenesis.
Communicating correlated sources over a MAC in the absence of a Gács-Körner common part

The joint source-channel coding problem of transmitting a pair of correlated sources over a 2-user MAC is considered. A new concatenated coding scheme, comprising of an inner code of fixed block-length and an outer code of arbitrarily large block-length, is proposed. Its information theoretic performance is analyzed to derive a new set of sufficient conditions. An example is identified to demonstrate that the proposed coding technique can strictly outperform the current known best, which is due to Cover, El Gamal and Salehi. Our findings are based on Dueck's ingenious coding technique proposed for the particular example studied in the work of Dueck (1981).
Text Categorization using bibliographic records: beyond document content

This paper studies the use of different sources of information for performing a text classification task. The growing number of digital libraries imposes a review of the available data from those databases. Some experiments applying different base classifiers for a multi-label classifier in the domain of High Energy Physics on several of these possible sources have been carried out. Results show that the use of metadata is almost as good as the full-text version of papers
War of the benchmark means: time for a truce

For decades, computer benchmarkers have fought a War of Means. Although many have raised concerns with the geometric mean (GM), it continues to be used by SPEC and others. This war is an unnecessarymisunderstanding due to inadequately articulated implicit assumptions, plus confusio namong populations, their parameters, sampling methods, and sample statistics. In fact, all the Means have their uses, sometimes in combination. Metrics may be algebraically correct, but statistically irrelevant or misleading if applied to population distributions for which they are inappropriate. Normal (Gaussian) distributions are so useful that they are often assumed without question,but many important distributions are not normal.They require different analyses, most commonly by finding a mathematical transformations that yields a normal distribution,computing the metrics, and then back-transforming to the original scale. Consider the distribution of relative performance ratios of programs on two computers. The normal distribution is a good fit only when variance and skew are small, but otherwise generates logical impossibilities and misleading statistical measures. A much better choice is the lognormal (or log-normal) distribution, not just on theoretical grounds, but through the (necessary) validation with real data. Normal and lognormal distributions are similar for low variance and skew, but the lognormal handles skewed distributions reasonably, unlike the normal. Lognormal distributions occur frequently elsewhere are well-understood, and have standard methods of analysis.Everyone agrees that "Performance is not a single number," . and then argues about which number is better. It is more important to understanding populations, appropriate methods, and proper ways to convey uncertainty. When population parameters are estimated via samples, statistically correct methods must be used to produce the appropriate means, measures of dispersion, Skew, confidence levels, and perhaps goodness-of-fit estimators. If the wrong Mean is chosen, it is difficult to achieve much. The GM predicts the mean relative performance of programs, not of workloads. The usual GM formula is rather unintuitive, and is often claimed to have no physical meaning. However, it is the back-transformed average of a lognormal distribution, as can be seen by the mathematical identity below. Its use is not onlystatistically appropriate in some cases, but enables straightforward computation of other useful statistics. "If a man will begin in certainties, he shall end in doubts, but if he will be content to begin with doubts, he shall end with certainties. " — Francis Bacon, in Savage.
Rethinking Populism: Politics, Mediatisation and Political Style

As a key feature of the contemporary political landscape, populism stands as one of the most contentious concepts in political science. This article presents a critique of dominant conceptions of populism – as ideology, logic, discourse and strategy/organisation – and introduces the category of ‘political style’ as a new compelling way of thinking about the phenomenon. We argue that this new category captures an important dimension of contemporary populism that is missed by rival approaches. In doing so, we put forward an inductive model of populism as a political style and contextualise it within the increasingly stylised and mediatised milieu of contemporary politics by focusing on its performative features. We conclude by considering how this concept allows us to understand how populism appears across the political spectrum, how it translates into the political mainstream and its implications for democratic politics.
Predicting Information Popularity Degree in Microblogging Diffusion Networks

Microblogs have rapidly become the most popular means by which people communicate with friends, pay close attention to celebrity at any time. Hence many studies on microblogging networks have been done recently, focusing on information diffusion, popularity prediction, topic detection and more. In this paper, we study the popularity of tweets in microblogging networks and introduce a novel concept “popularity degree” that help divide microblogging into four levels. Through the empirical analysis of different popularity degree, we find the retweeting information of a tweet at an earlier time can help predict its final popularity. Hence we propose a prediction model based on SVM with the retweeting information within one hour. Experimental results show our model has better ability of prediction.
Comparison of Ischemic Stroke Incidence in HIV-Infected and Non–HIV-Infected Patients in a US Health Care System

Background: Cardiovascular disease is increased among HIV-infected patients, but little is known regarding ischemic stroke rates. We sought to compare stroke rates and determine stroke risk factors in HIV-infected versus non-HIV-infected patients. Methods: An HIV cohort and matched non-HIV comparator cohort seen between 1996 and 2009 were identified from a Boston health care system. The primary endpoint was ischemic stroke, defined using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Unadjusted stroke incidence rates were calculated. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Results: The incidence rate of ischemic stroke was 5.27 per 1000 person-years in HIV-infected compared with 3.75 in non-HIV-infected patients, with an unadjusted HR of 1.40 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17 to 1.69, P < 0.001]. HIV remained an independent predictor of stroke after controlling for demographics and stroke risk factors (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.46, P = 0.043). The relative increase in stroke rates (HIV vs. non-HIV) was significantly higher in younger HIV patients (incidence rate ratio: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.56 to 11.09, age 18–29; 2.96, 1.69–4.96, age: 30–39; 1.53, 1.06–2.17, age: 40–49), and in women [HR: 2.16 (95% CI: 1.53 to 3.04) for women vs. HR: 1.18 (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.47) for men]. Among HIV patients, increased HIV RNA (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.17, P = 0.001) was associated with an increased risk of stroke. Conclusions: Stroke rates were increased among HIV-infected patients, independent of common stroke risk factors, particularly among young patients and women.