Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOFTWARE CODE CLONE DETECTION MODEL USING HYBRID APPROACH

The aspiration of this study is to understand and analyze the concept of software Cloning and its detection. Software cloning is an acuity in which source code is duplicated. Software cloning and its detection is one of emerging and most dominant area of research in the field of software engineering. There exist numbers of techniques to detect clone in software. The focus of this study will be given on acquiring and analyzing the concept of hybrid clone detection technique. We will try to devise an algorithm for detecting duplicacy in the software by using hybrid software clone detection technique. The algorithm will first compute the required software metrics that provide sufficient information regarding the software application and then depending on software metrics matches the clone will be detected. While detecting clone we will focus on line clone rather than token or word.
Answering Xml Query Using Tree Based Association Rules

We describe an approach based on Tree-based Association Rules(TARs) mined rules, which provide approximate, intensional information on both the structure and the contents of XML documents and can be stored in XML format as well. There are two main approaches to XML document access: Keyword-based Search and QueryAnswering. The idea of mining association rules to provide summarized representations of XML documents has been investigated in many proposals either by using languages XQuery,JQuery etc., and techniques developed in the XML context or by implementing graph-or-tree-based algorithms. In this paper, we introduce a proposal for mining and storing TARs (Tree-based Association Rules) as a means to represent intensional knowledge in native XML.
Data locality and load balancing in COOL

Large-scale shared memory multiprocessors typically support a multilevel memory hierarchy consisting of per-processor caches, a local portion of shared memory, and remote shared memory. On such machines, the performance of parallel programs is often limited by the high latency of remote memory references. In this paper we explore how knowledge of the underlying memory hierarchy can be used to schedule computation and distribute data structures, and thereby improve data locality. Our study is done in the context of COOL, a concurrent object-oriented language developed at Stanford. We develop abstractions for the programmer to supply optional information about the data reference patterns of the program. This information is used by the runtime system to distribute tasks and objects so that the tasks execute close (in the memory hierarchy) to the objects they reference. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques by applying them to several applications chosen from the SPLASH parallel benchmark suite. Our experience suggests that improving data locality can be simple through a combination of programmer abstractions and smart runtime scheduling.
Vertical Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modulates Pre- and Postnatal Innervation and Reactivity of Rat Airways

Background Environmental exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in infants, but it remains unknown whether this infection is transmitted transplacentally from the lungs of infected mothers to the offspring. We sought to test the hypothesis that RSV travels from the respiratory tract during pregnancy, crosses the placenta to the fetus, persists in the lung tissues of the offspring, and modulates pre- and postnatal expression of growth factors, thereby predisposing to airway hyperreactivity. Methodology Pregnant rats were inoculated intratracheally at midterm using recombinant RSV expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP). Viral RNA was amplified by RT-PCR and confirmed by sequencing. RFP expression was analyzed by flow cytometry and viral culture. Developmental and pathophysiologic implications of prenatal infection were determined by analyzing the expression of genes encoding critical growth factors, particularly neurotrophic factors and receptors. We also measured the expression of key neurotransmitters and postnatal bronchial reactivity in vertically infected lungs, and assessed their dependence on neurotrophic signaling using selective biological or chemical inhibition. Principal Findings RSV genome was found in 30% of fetuses, as well as in the lungs of 40% of newborns and 25% of adults. RFP expression was also shown by flow cytometry and replicating virus was cultured from exposed fetuses. Nerve growth factor and its TrkA receptor were upregulated in RSV- infected fetal lungs and co-localized with increased cholinergic innervation. Acetylcholine expression and smooth muscle response to cholinergic stimulation increased in lungs exposed to RSV in utero and reinfected after birth, and blocking TrkA signaling inhibited both effects. Conclusions/Significance Our data show transplacental transmission of RSV from mother to offspring and persistence of vertically transmitted virus in lungs after birth. Exposure to RSV in utero is followed by dysregulation of neurotrophic pathways predisposing to postnatal airway hyperreactivity upon reinfection with the virus.
Broader or Deeper? Exploring the Most Effective Intervention Profile for Public Small Business Support

Most advanced economies offer publicly financed advice services to start-up firms and SMEs. In England, local or regional Business Links organisations have provided these services, and divided their support into nonintensive one-off contacts providing information or advice and more intensive support involving a diagnostic process and repeated interaction with firms. A key choice for Business Link managers is how to shape their intervention strategies, balancing resources between intensive and nonintensive support. Drawing on resource dependency theory, we develop a typology of intervention strategies for Business Links in England which reflects differences in the breadth and depth of the support provided. We then test the impacts of these alternative intervention models on client companies using both subjective assessments by firms and econometric treatment models that allow for selection bias. Our key empirical result is that Business Links' choice of intervention strategy has a significant effect both on actual and on perceived business outcomes, with our results emphasising the value of depth over breadth. The implication is that where additional resources are available for business support these should be used to deepen the assistance provided rather than extend assistance to a wider group of firms.
H i imaging of galaxies in X-ray bright groups

ABSTRACT Environment plays an important role in the evolution of the gas contents of galaxies. Gasdeﬁciency of cluster spirals and the role of the hot intraclu ster medium (ICM) in strippinggas from these galaxies is a well studied subject. Loose groups with diﬀuse X-ray emmisionfrom the intragroup medium (IGM) oﬀer an intermediate environment between clusters andgroups without a hot IGM. These X-ray bright groups have smaller velocity dispersion andlower temperature than clusters, but higher IGM density than loose groups without diﬀuseX-ray emission. A single dish comparative study of loose groups with and without diﬀuseX-ray emission from the IGM, showed that the galaxies in X-ray bright groups have lost moregas on average than the galaxies in non X-ray bright groups. In this paper we present GMRTHobservations of 13 galaxies from 4 X-ray bright groups: NGC5044, NGC720, NGC1550and IC1459. The aim of this work is to study the morphology of Hin these galaxies andto see if the hot IGM has in any way aﬀected their Hcontent or distribution. In addition todisturbed Hmorphology,we ﬁnd that most galaxies have shrunken H disks compared to theﬁeld spirals. This indicates that IGM assisted stripping pr ocesses like ram pressure may havestripped gas from the outer edges of the galaxies.Key words: galaxies:evolution-galaxies:interactions-radiolines:galaxies-X-rays:galaxies
Reducing the Dimension of Color Features Using a Naive Bayesian Classifier

Color histograms are usually used as the color feature vectors for classifying the color of objects in images. We reduce the dimension of the feature vector by a factor of about 30 by using a naive Bayesian classifier, and use the resulting feature vectors with a support vector machine to recognize vehicle colors. Experiments show that the recognition rate is close to that achieved with the original large feature vectors, while recognition time is reduced by a factor of more than 30. We also show that our method outperforms principal component analysis. In this paper, we propose a method of reducing the dimensionality of the color features used to recognize the colors of vehicles from an image of a road scene. Rather than using the color histograms themselves as feature vectors, we construct class histograms using a naive Bayesian classifier (5). Experimental results show that this method of reducing the color space does not affect the success-rate of a recognition process, but the time required for recognition is reduced by a factor of 36, when the dimensionality of the feature vector is reduced by a factor of 32. We also show that the success rate of our algorithm is higher than that of principal component analysis.
Molecular Interaction Studies of Trimethoxy Flavone with Human Serum Albumin

Background Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in blood plasma, having high affinity binding sites for several endogenous and exogenous compounds. Trimethoxy flavone (TMF) is a naturally occurring flavone isolated from Andrographis viscosula and used in the treatment of dyspepsia, influenza, malaria, respiratory functions and as an astringent and antidote for poisonous stings of some insects. Methodology/Principal Findings The main aim of the experiment was to examine the interaction between TMF and HSA at physiological conditions. Upon addition of TMF to HSA, the fluorescence emission was quenched and the binding constant of TMF with HSA was found to be KTMF = 1.0±0.01×103 M−1, which corresponds to −5.4 kcal M−1 of free energy. Micro-TOF Q mass spectrometry results showed a mass increase of from 66,513 Da (free HSA) to 66,823 Da (HAS +Drug), indicating the strong binding of TMF with HSA resulting in decrease of fluorescence. The HSA conformation was altered upon binding of TMF to HSA with decrease in α-helix and an increase in β-sheets and random coils suggesting partial unfolding of protein secondary structure. Molecular docking experiments found that TMF binds strongly with HSA at IIIA domain of hydrophobic pocket with hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Among which two hydrogen bonds are formed between O (19) of TMF to Arg 410, Tyr 411 and another one from O (7) of TMF to Asn 391, with bond distance of 2.1 Å, 3.6 Å and 2.6 Å, respectively. Conclusions/Significance In view of the evidence presented, it is imperative to assign a greater role of HSA's as a carrier molecule for many drugs to understand the interactions of HSA with TMF will be pivotal in the design of new TMF-inspired drugs.
Beam-ACO for the longest common subsequence problem

The longest common subsequence problem is classical string problem. It has applications, for example, in pattern recognition and bioinformatics. In this work we present a so-called Beam-ACO approach for solving this problem. Beam-ACO algorithms are hybrid techniques that results from a combination of ant colony optimization and beam search, which is an incomplete branch and bound derivative. Our results show that Beam-ACO is able to find new best solutions for 31 out of 60 benchmark instances that we chose for the experimental evaluation of the algorithm.
Current concepts in clinical and laboratory assessments of autonomic nervous system activity

Introduction and objective. As the autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is present in course of many disorders, an objective assessment of the ANS function is very important. In practice, the assessment is difficult, and based rather on indirect analysis of autonomically-controlled cardiovascular reflexes, than on direct recording of activity of central or peripheral autonomic structures. The aim of our paper was to discuss briefly current, clinical and scientific ANS investigations, as well as possible future methods of autonomic activity evaluation. A brief description of the state of knowledge. The review presents a short outline of autonomic function assessments based on clinical autonomic tests (e.g. “Ewing’s battery”) and discusses the heart rate variability (HRV) study, as currently popular and widespread option of analysis of the ANS activity. Other, complementary methods, including the baroreceptor sensitivity testing, microneurography or plasma norepinephrine measurement were also mentioned. The article also provides premises related to the determination of selected neuropeptides in plasma or saliva as an innovative concept of autonomic activity assessment. Summary. The available, clinical, non-invasive methods used for assessment of the ANS function are still relatively sparse and, in fact, a surrogate for direct ANS assessment. New methods of autonomic tension determination are still needed that would allow a more complete and reliable assessment. Reports of potential new laboratory markers of the ANS activity (NPY and VIP assay) bring some hope.
Increase of dermal blood volume fraction reduces the threshold for laser‐induced purpura: Implications for port wine stain laser treatment

The average success rate in achieving total blanching of port wine stain (PWS) lesions treated with laser‐induced selective photothermolysis is below 25%, even after multiple treatments. This is because smaller diameter (5–20 μm) PWS blood vessels are difficult to destroy with selective photothermolysis since the volumetric heat generated by absorption of laser light is insufficient to adequately heat the entire vessel wall. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential technique for more efficient photocoagulation of small diameter PWS blood vessels in PWS that respond poorly to selective photothermolysis.
Golog+HTN TI : Adding time and intervals to procedural and hierarchical control knowledge

In this paper we introduce a language for expressing procedural and HTN-based domain constraints. Our language starts with features from GOLOG and HTN and extends them so that we can deal with actions with duration by being able to specify time intervals between the start (or end) of an action (or a program) and the start of another action (or program). We then discuss a planner based on the answer set planning paradigm that can exploit such domain knowledge.
Vanet-X: A Videogame to Evaluate Information Management in Vehicular Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are attracting considerable research attention, as they are expected to play a major role for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Thus, according to a recent survey by ABI Research, about 62% of new vehicles will be equipped with vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications by 2027. Vehicular networks offer new opportunities for the development of interesting mobile applications for drivers, but at the same time they also bring challenges from the data management point of view. Thus, for example, techniques should be developed to estimate the relevance of the information exchanged among the vehicles and to propagate the relevant data in the network efficiently and effectively. As testing the proposals in a real large-scale scenario is impractical, simulators are often used. In this paper we present Vanet-X, an online multiplayer driving videogame that we have developed to help in the difficult evaluation task of data management strategies for VANETs. The idea behind the proposal is to exploit the potential of players around the world driving vehicles in the videogame to effortlessly collect data that can be used to extract some conclusions and fine-tune the proposed data management strategies. So, for example, the videogame allows to evaluate if a certain data management strategy is able to provide useful information to the driver/player (i.e., if the presented information represents an advantage for him/her). We argue that this videogame can be a good complement for existing simulators. As a proof of concept, we have performed some preliminary tests that show the potential interest of the proposal.
Inhibitors of Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways: Emerging Therapies for Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract—Protein kinases are enzymes that covalently modify proteins by attaching phosphate groups (from ATP) to serine, threonine, and/or tyrosine residues. In so doing, the functional properties of the protein kinase’s substrates are modified. Protein kinases transduce signals from the cell membrane into the interior of the cell. Such signals include not only those arising from ligand-receptor interactions but also environmental perturbations such as when the membrane undergoes mechanical deformation (ie, cell stretch or shear stress). Ultimately, the activation of signaling pathways that use protein kinases often culminates in the reprogramming of gene expression through the direct regulation of transcription factors or through the regulation of mRNA stability or protein translation. Protein kinases regulate most aspects of normal cellular function. The pathophysiological dysfunction of protein kinase signaling pathways underlies the molecular basis of many cancers and of several manifestations of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertrophy and other types of left ventricular remodeling, ischemia/reperfusion injury, angiogenesis, and atherogenesis. Given their roles in such a wide variety of disease states, protein kinases are rapidly becoming extremely attractive targets for drug discovery, probably second only to heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors (eg, angiotensin II). Here, we will review the reasons for this explosion in interest in inhibitors of protein kinases and will describe the process of identifying novel drugs directed against kinases. We will specifically focus on disease states for which drug development has proceeded to the point of clinical or advanced preclinical studies.
THE CRITICAL SOCIAL THEORY APPROACH TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES

For some time now critical social theory has been put forward as an alternative to traditional approaches to Information Systems research and practice. It has however remained a mystery to 'outside' observers, because of the language of its discourse, and radically different position on scientific enterprise. This paper attempts to open the discourse on critical social theory by presenting a review of basic concepts and discussing some of the theoretical problems and challenges which must be addressed if progress is to be made in applying it to the practical issues of Information Systems.
INOSINE 5 0-MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

I. Overview of IMPDH A. Protein Structures II. Medicinal Applications of IMPDH Inhibitors A. IMP Analogs B. NAD Analogs C. Natural Product Inhibitors D. Novel Synthetic Inhibitors III. Kinetic Mechanism and Substrate Interactions A. Case Studies 1. Tritrichomonas foetus IMPDH 2. Escherichia coli IMPDH 3. Human IMPDH B. Ligand Binding 1. IMP Binding Site 2. NAD Binding Site IV. Chemical Mechanism V. Protein Conformational Flexibility and Mechanism of Water Activation VI. Species-Specific Drug Selectivity VII. Monovalent Cation Activation VIII. Subdomain IX. Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Constructing Teacher Leadership Through Mentoring: Functionality of Mentoring Practices in Evolving Teacher Leadership

ABSTRACT Mentoring, as one of the formal teacher leadership roles, creates a space for teachers to display their leadership potential as it indirectly brings value to the school community (Ensher & Murphy, 2006). The purpose of this qualitative case study is to examine mentor teachers’ perceptions whether they transfer their evolving mentoring skills into other leadership practices. The participants entail three experienced secondary physics and chemistry teachers [Master Teaching Fellows (MTFs)]. The data obtained from interviews with the MTFs and archival data from the leadership program are analyzed using multiple coding methods (In Vivo, Thematic Analysis, and Theoretical Coding- Saldaña, 2013). It is found that mentoring is a vital component of teacher leader development, which is a continual process of capacity building requiring time and patience. The results provide practical suggestions to mentors and PD developers for fruitful formation of effective mentoring and leading skills to be influencing other teachers. The complexity of mentoring/leadership work require support of a community to achieve desired outcomes. Thus, providing structured training for mentors should be an integral part of school professional development.
Dynamical modeling and optimal state estimation using Kalman-Bucy filter for a seamless two-speed transmission for electric vehicles

A seamless two-speed transmission that incorporates a two-stage planetary gear set with common sun and common ring gears and two braking mechanisms to control the flow of power is introduced. For an electric vehicle equipped with such a transmission, a detailed dynamical model of the driveline including the half shaft stiffness and longitudinal vehicle dynamics is derived by exploiting the torque balance and virtual work principle. A deterministic Luenberger observer and a stochastic Kalman-Bucy filter are designed to estimate the unmeasured states. These observers estimate the speed of the sun and ring gears and the input and output torques of the transmission based on the measured speeds of the electric motor and the vehicle. Due to nonlinearities in the system such as the longitudinal vehicle dynamics, nonlinear observer methods generally apply for the observer design. However, the nonlinearities are only function of measurable states. Hence, using linear output injection to design an observer results in linear error dynamics. Therefore, the nonlinear observer design problem is transformed into the design of an observer for a linear system. The simulation and experimental results are presented to verify and compare the performance of the deterministic Luenberger estimator with stochastic Kalman-Bucy filter when the system encounters noise.
Regulation by Blue Light of the fluffy Gene Encoding a Major Regulator of Conidiation in Neurospora crassa

The development of asexual spores, that is, the process of conidiation, in the fungus Neurospora crassa is increased by light. The fluffy (fl) gene, encoding a major regulator of conidiation, is activated by light. We describe here a detailed characterization of the regulation by blue light of fl in vegetative hyphae. This induction requires the white collar complex (WCC) while the FLD protein acts as a dark repressor of fl transcription. We show that the WCC directly regulates fl transcription in response to blue light after transiently binding the promoter. We propose that fl is repressed by FLD in vegetative mycelia and that the repression is lost after light exposure and WCC activation. The increase in fl mRNA in vegetative mycelia after light exposure, and the corresponding increase in the amount of the regulatory FL protein, should promote the activation of the conidiation pathway. The activation by light of fl provides a simple mechanism for the activation of conidiation by blue light in Neurospora that may be at work in other fungi.