Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of location-based recommendation systems

Abstract Recent advancements in location-based recommendation system (LBRS) and the availability of online applications, such as Twitter, Instagram, Foursquare, Path, and Facebook have introduced new research challenges in the area of LBRS. Use of content, such as geo-tagged media, point location-based, and trajectory-based information help in connecting the gap between the online social networking services and the physical world. In this article, we present a systematic review of the scientific literature of LBRS and summarize the efforts and contributions proposed in the literature. We have performed a qualitative comparison of the existing techniques used in the area of LBRS. We present the basic filtration techniques used in LBRS followed by a discussion on the services and the location features the LBRS utilizes to perform the recommendations. The classification of criteria for recommendations and evaluation metrics are also presented. We have critically investigated the techniques proposed in the literature for LBRS and extracted the challenges and promising research topics for future work.
Fatigue loading of tendon

Tendon injuries, often called tendinopathies, are debilitating and painful conditions, generally considered to develop as a result of tendon overuse. The aetiology of tendinopathy remains poorly understood, and whilst tendon biopsies have provided some information concerning tendon appearance in late‐stage disease, there is still little information concerning the mechanical and cellular events associated with disease initiation and progression. Investigating this in situ is challenging, and numerous models have been developed to investigate how overuse may generate tendon fatigue damage and how this may relate to tendinopathy conditions. This article aims to review these models and our current understanding of tendon fatigue damage. We review the strengths and limitations of different methodologies for characterizing tendon fatigue, considering in vitro methods that adopt both viable and non‐viable samples, as well as the range of different in vivo approaches. By comparing data across model systems, we review the current understanding of fatigue damage development. Additionally, we compare these findings with data from tendinopathic tissue biopsies to provide some insights into how these models may relate to the aetiology of tendinopathy. Fatigue‐induced damage consistently highlights the same microstructural, biological and mechanical changes to the tendon across all model systems and also correlates well with the findings from tendinopathic biopsy tissue. The multiple testing routes support matrix damage as an important contributor to tendinopathic conditions, but cellular responses to fatigue appear complex and often contradictory.
Weighted multi-label classification model for sentiment analysis of online news

With the extensive growth of social media services, many users express their feelings and opinions through news articles, blogs and tweets/microblogs. To discover the connections between emotions evoked in a user by varied-scale documents effectively, the paper is concerned with the problem of sentiment analysis over online news. Different from previous models which treat training documents uniformly, a weighted multi-label classification model (WMCM) is proposed by introducing the concept of “emotional concentration” to estimate the weight of training documents, in addition to tackle the issue of noisy samples for each emotion. The topic assignment is also used to distinguish different emotional senses of the same word at the semantic level. Experimental evaluations using short news headlines and long documents validate the effectiveness of the proposed WMCM for sentiment prediction.
Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid suppress adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells via differential mechanisms.

SCOPE Dietary PUFAs modulate the progression of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms within vascular cells remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of PUFAs in LPS-activated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS To simulate the in vivo conditions of atherosclerosis, we have established an in vitro model in which THP-1 monocytes adhere to HAECs. Our results showed that n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) remarkably attenuated the adhesion of THP-1 cells to HAECs, probably through inhibiting the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Using lipid raft isolation and confocal microscopy, we found that DHA and EPA suppressed the translocation of TLR4 into lipid rafts. Furthermore, DHA and EPA inhibited the ubiquitination and translocation of TRAF6, and the phosphorylation of TAK1, p38, and IκBα. We demonstrated that DHA reduced the phosphorylation of PKR, but EPA increased the expression of A20. Additionally, silencing of A20 reversed the inhibitory effect of EPA on the expression of adhesion molecules. CONCLUSION Our study revealed differential signaling pathways modulated by n-3 PUFAs in LPS-stimulated HAECs. These signaling pathways are potential targets for the prevention of atherosclerotic progression.
Cutaneous lymphoproliferation and lymphomas in interleukin 7 transgenic mice

To investigate the role of interleukin 7 (IL-7) in the development of the lymphoid system, we have generated two lines of transgenic mice carrying an IL-7 cDNA fused to an immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter and enhancer. This transgene is expressed in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and skin provoking a perturbation of T cell development characterized by a marked reduction of CD4+ CD8+ (double- positive) thymocytes. Quite unexpectedly, however, both lines also develop a progressive cutaneous disorder involving a dermal lymphoid infiltrate that results in progressive alopecia, hyperkeratosis, and exfoliation. Although the infiltrate is primarily composed of T lineage cells, its development is not impeded in the athymic nu/nu background. Furthermore, the phenotype can be transmitted horizontally by transplanting lymphoid tissues or skin to syngeneic wild-type mice. Thus, the phenotype is conveyed by skin-homing, mobile cells (presumably the infiltrating lymphocytes) in a cell-autonomous fashion. In addition to the skin phenotype, this transgene also provokes the development of a lymphoproliferative disorder that induces B and T cell lymphomas within the first 4 mo of life. These findings suggest potential physiologic actions of IL-7 in T cell development and in cutaneous immunity. They also demonstrate that IL-7 can act as an oncogene in the living organism.
On Optimally Partitioning Variable-Byte Codes

The ubiquitous <italic>Variable-Byte</italic> encoding is one of the fastest compressed representation for integer sequences. However, its compression ratio is usually not competitive with other more sophisticated encoders, especially when the integers to be compressed are small which is the typical case for inverted indexes. This paper shows that the compression ratio of Variable-Byte can be improved by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pibiri-ieq1-2911288.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> by adopting a <italic>partitioned</italic> representation of the inverted lists. This makes Variable-Byte surprisingly competitive in space with the best bit-aligned encoders, <italic>hence</italic> disproving the folklore belief that Variable-Byte is space-inefficient for inverted index compression. Despite the significant space savings, we show that our optimization almost comes for free, given that: we introduce an optimal partitioning algorithm that does not affect indexing time because of its linear-time complexity; we show that the query processing speed of Variable-Byte is preserved, with an extensive experimental analysis and comparison with several other state-of-the-art encoders.
Cutting Edge: Peyer’s Patch Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) Produce Low Levels of Type I Interferons: Possible Role for IL-10, TGFβ, and Prostaglandin E2 in Conditioning a Unique Mucosal pDC Phenotype1

The organized lymphoid tissues of the intestine likely play an important role in the balance between tolerance harmless mucosal Ags and commensal bacteria and immunity to mucosal pathogens. We examined the phenotype and function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from murine Peyer’s patches (PPs). When stimulated with CpG-enriched oligodeoxynucleotides in vitro, PPs and spleen pDCs made equivalent levels of IL-12, yet PP pDCs were incapable of producing significant levels of type I IFNs. Three regulatory factors associated with mucosal tissues, PGE2, IL-10, and TGFβ, inhibited the ability of spleen pDCs to produce type I IFN in a dose-dependent fashion. These studies suggest that mucosal factors may regulate the production of type I IFN as well as IL-12 by pDCs. In the intestine, this may be beneficial in preventing harmful innate and adaptive immune responses to commensal microorganisms.
Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer's acetate in severe sepsis.

BACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [corrected] is widely used for fluid resuscitation in intensive care units (ICUs), but its safety and efficacy have not been established in patients with severe sepsis. METHODS In this multicenter, parallel-group, blinded trial, we randomly assigned patients with severe sepsis to fluid resuscitation in the ICU with either 6% HES 130/0.42 (Tetraspan) or Ringer's acetate at a dose of up to 33 ml per kilogram of ideal body weight per day. The primary outcome measure was either death or end-stage kidney failure (dependence on dialysis) at 90 days after randomization. RESULTS Of the 804 patients who underwent randomization, 798 were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The two intervention groups had similar baseline characteristics. At 90 days after randomization, 201 of 398 patients (51%) assigned to HES 130/0.42 had died, as compared with 172 of 400 patients (43%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.36; P=0.03); 1 patient in each group had end-stage kidney failure. In the 90-day period, 87 patients (22%) assigned to HES 130/0.42 were treated with renal-replacement therapy versus 65 patients (16%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.80; P=0.04), and 38 patients (10%) and 25 patients (6%), respectively, had severe bleeding (relative risk, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.94 to 2.48; P=0.09). The results were supported by multivariate analyses, with adjustment for known risk factors for death or acute kidney injury at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe sepsis assigned to fluid resuscitation with HES 130/0.42 had an increased risk of death at day 90 and were more likely to require renal-replacement therapy, as compared with those receiving Ringer's acetate. (Funded by the Danish Research Council and others; 6S ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00962156.).
Dynamic Taint Tracking of Web Application Based on Static Code Analysis

With the continuous development of J2EE technology, frequent attacks using security vulnerabilities in web applications have caused enormous economic loss to the users. Dynamic taint tracking is an important part to analyze the program dynamically. In this paper, we put forward a new dynamic solution in the Java virtual machine, warning external attacks and recording specific taint propagation path. This scheme combines static analysis techniques to collect reachable "source-derivation-sink" taint flow and reduce the runtime overhead. With the help of AOP (aspect-oriented programming) technology, we could only insert monitor codes to interested taint paths to improve the efficiency of instrumentation. Finally, we implemented this dynamic taint tracking approach to explore SQL injection and XSS vulnerabilities in web applications based on the Java Servlet Specification and proved practicality.
Temperature dependence and dynamic behaviour of full well capacity in pinned photodiode CMOS image sensors

This study presents an analytical model of the Full Well Capacity (FWC) in Pinned Photodiode (PPD) CMOS image sensors. By introducing the temperature dependence of the PPD pinning voltage, the existing model is extended (with respect to previous works) to take into account the effect of temperature on the FWC. It is shown, with the support of experimental data, that whereas in dark conditions the FWC increases with temperature, a decrease is observed if FWC measurements are performed under illumination. This study also shows that after a light pulse, the charge stored in the PPD drops as the PPD tends toward equilibrium. On the base of these observations, an analytical model of the dynamic behaviour of the FWC in noncontinuous illumination conditions is proposed. The model is able to reproduce experimental data over six orders of magnitude of time. Both the static and dynamic models can be useful tools to correctly interpret FWC changes following design variations and to accurately define the operating conditions during device characterizations.
Modeling Thesis Clarity in Student Essays

Recently, researchers have begun exploring methods of scoring student essays with respect to particular dimensions of quality such as coherence, technical errors, and relevance to prompt, but there is relatively little work on modeling thesis clarity. We present a new annotated corpus and propose a learning-based approach to scoring essays along the thesis clarity dimension. Additionally, in order to provide more valuable feedback on why an essay is scored as it is, we propose a second learning-based approach to identifying what kinds of errors an essay has that may lower its thesis clarity score.
Natural vs. manmade scene classification using statistics of straight lines

Classification of scenes along the semantic categories has received tremendous attention from researchers working in the field of computer vision. The content and the context information obtained from scenes at various levels of granularity have been used to solve the problem of classification of scenes. We propose a simple approach for classifying the scenes on the broader semantic lines of categories, which are natural and manmade (or artificial) scenes. Our approach is based on the observation that at a primitive level of visual processing of scenes, the presence of large number of straight line segments is more discriminative in deciding whether the scene is natural or manmade. We extract and encode the information about the straight line segments as a descriptor and use it to classify the scene as natural or manmade. Then, we compare our descriptor with the common descriptors like HSV (Hue, Saturation and Value) Histogram and Edge Orientation Histograms (EOH).
Association of Low-Dose Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants with Global DNA Hypomethylation in Healthy Koreans

Background Global DNA methylation levels have been reported to be inversely associated with blood levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), xenobiotics that accumulate in adipose tissue. Whether these associations extend to a population with much lower concentrations of POPs is not known. Objectives This study was performed to examine whether low-dose exposure to POPs was associated with global DNA hypomethylation in Koreans. Methods The amount of global DNA hypomethylation was estimated by the percent 5-methyl-cytosine (%5-mC) in Alu and LINE-1 assays in 86 apparently healthy Koreans. Among various POPs, organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) were measured. Results Most OC pesticides were inversely and significantly associated with %5-mC in the Alu assay, with correlation coefficients in the range −0.2 to −0.3 after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol. The strongest OC pesticide associations with %5-mC in the Alu assay were observed with oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene. The correlation coefficient of age with %5-mC in the Alu assay was −0.24, similar to correlations of OC pesticides with %5-mC in the Alu assay. Most PCBs and PBDEs showed nonsignificant inverse trends with %5-mC in the Alu assay, but for some PCBs the U-shaped association was significant. On the other hand, POPs were not associated with %5-mC in the LINE-1 assay. Conclusions We found that low-dose exposure to POPs, in particular OC pesticides, was associated with global DNA hypomethylation in apparently healthy Koreans.
Local digital etching and infiltration for tuning of a H1-cavity in deeply etched InP/InGaAsP/InP photonic crystals

Local post-production processing of single holes in a planar photonic crystal is demonstrated by selectively opening a masking layer by focused ion beam milling. Local tuning was optically demonstrated by both blue-shifting and subsequent red-shifting the resonance frequency of a point defect cavity. Since only a few holes of the PC are affected by the post-processing, the Q-factor is not significantly changed. This method can be applied to precisely control the resonant frequency, and can also be used for mode selective tuning.
Studies of the Association of Arg72Pro of Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 with Type 2 Diabetes in a Combined Analysis of 55,521 Europeans

Aims A study of 222 candidate genes in type 2 diabetes reported association of variants in RAPGEF1, ENPP1, TP53, NRF1, SLC2A2, SLC2A4 and FOXC2 with type 2 diabetes in 4,805 Finnish individuals. We aimed to replicate these associations in a Danish case-control study and to substantiate any replicated associations in meta-analyses. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact on diabetes-related intermediate traits in a population-based sample of middle-aged Danes. Methods We genotyped nine lead variants in the seven genes in 4,973 glucose-tolerant and 3,612 type 2 diabetes Danish individuals. In meta-analyses we combined case-control data from the DIAGRAM+ Consortium (n = 47,117) and the present genotyping results. The quantitative trait studies involved 5,882 treatment-naive individuals from the Danish Inter99 study. Results None of the nine investigated variants were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in the Danish samples. However, for all nine variants the estimate of increase in type 2 diabetes risk was observed for the same allele as previously reported. In a meta-analysis of published and online data including 55,521 Europeans the G-allele of rs1042522 in TP53 showed significant association with type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.06 95% CI 1.02–1.11, p = 0.0032). No substantial associations with diabetes-related intermediary phenotypes were found. Conclusion The G-allele of TP53 rs1042522 is associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in a combined analysis of 55,521 Europeans.
Calculation of the Eddy Current Loss and Braking Characteristic Analysis of the Eddy Current Brake

The eddy current brakes are operated at various speeds when the vehicle is braking. In order to increase the eddy current loss, drum is composed of iron with conductivity. As a result, the eddy current brake exhibits a skin effect and an armature reaction phenomenon, and the skin depth and the air-gap flux density vary depending on the braking speed. In this paper, the eddy current loss equation of the eddy current brake with a copper coating inside the drum is newly presented and compared with the finite element analysis(FEA) results. Also, the change of the speed-torque curve according to the conductivity value of drum and inner coating material are shown. Finally, a prototype experiment was conducted to compare and verify the characteristic curve of the eddy current brake obtained from the newly derived equations.
CHAPTER 7 Issues in transportation planning – the Singapore experience

Singapore can be considered as one of the few Asian cities to be successful in urban transport planning and management. It has introduced several far-reaching vehiclerestraint policies, such as the vehicle quota system, the electronic road pricing scheme and a high vehicle tax structure, all of which have been effective in relieving traffic congestion on the roads. Recognizing that these restraint policies must be complemented by a good public transport and transportation management system, the Singapore Government has, in the past two decades, embarked on several ambitious programs to introduce intelligent systems into its transportation operations as well as to develop an efficient urban rail network. These decisions are in line with Singapore’s long-term transportation plan to integrate land use and transportation planning, to develop a comprehensive road network, to manage car population and road usage, and to provide quality public transport for its people. This chapter discusses the issues related to urban transportation planning in Singapore, with the intention of drawing out the lessons learned from its experience.
Memory Maintenance and Inhibitory Control Differentiate from Early Childhood to Adolescence

Existing evidence suggests that the organization of cognitive functions may differentiate during development. We investigated two key components of executive functions, memory maintenance and inhibitory control, by applying latent factor models appropriate for examining developmental differences in functional associations among aspects of cognition. Two-hundred and sixty-three children (aged 4 to 14 years) were administered tasks that required maintaining rules in mind or inhibiting a prepotent tendency to respond on the same side as the stimulus. Memory maintenance and inhibitory control were not separable in children of 4–7 or 7–9.5 years, but were differentiated in an older group (9.5–14.5 years).
Improved estimation of the health and economic burden of chronic disease risk factors in Manitoba.

INTRODUCTION There are analytic challenges involved with estimating the aggregate burden of multiple risk factors (RFs) in a population. We describe a methodology to account for overlapping RFs in some sub-populations, a phenomenon that leads to "double-counting" the diseases and economic burden generated by those factors. METHODS Our method uses an efficient approach to accurately analyze the aggregate economic burden of chronic disease across a multifactorial system. In addition, it involves considering the effect of body weight as a continuous or polytomous exposure that ranges from no excess weight through overweight to obesity. We then apply this method to smoking, physical inactivity and overweight/obesity in Manitoba, a province of Canada. RESULTS The annual aggregate economic burden of the RFs in Manitoba in 2008 is about $1.6 billion ($557 million for smoking, $299 million for physical inactivity and $747 million for overweight/obesity). The total burden represents a 12.6% downward adjustment to account for the effect of multiple RFs in some individuals in the population. CONCLUSION An improved estimate of the aggregate economic burden of multiple RFs in a given population can assist in prioritizing and gaining support for primary prevention initiatives.