Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protein synthesis persists during necrotic cell death

Cell death is an intrinsic part of metazoan development and mammalian immune regulation. Whereas the molecular events orchestrating apoptosis have been characterized extensively, little is known about the biochemistry of necrotic cell death. Here, we show that, in contrast to apoptosis, the induction of necrosis does not lead to the shut down of protein synthesis. The rapid drop in protein synthesis observed in apoptosis correlates with caspase-dependent breakdown of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4G, activation of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR, and phosphorylation of its substrate eIF2-α. In necrosis induced by tumor necrosis factor, double-stranded RNA, or viral infection, de novo protein synthesis persists and 28S ribosomal RNA fragmentation, eIF2-α phosphorylation, and proteolytic activation of PKR are absent. Collectively, these results show that, in contrast to apoptotic cells, necrotic dying cells retain the opportunity to synthesize proteins.
Design recovery for relay ladder logic

An algorithm for converting relay ladder logic (RLL) programs for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) into sequential function chart (SFC) programs is introduced. Since an SFC (a standardization of Grafcet) better represents the sequential flow of control logic, it is considerably easier to understand and modify SFC programs. The practical motivation for this study is to provide a tool for converting existing RLL programs into SFC programs by recovering the underlying sequential control logic. A basic design recovery algorithm is presented and applied to a simple RLL program for one stage of a batch chemical process. Several fundamental issues in discrete control logic representation and analysis are identified as fertile areas for future research. <<ETX>>
Natal Teeth: A Case Report and Reappraisal

The presence of teeth at birth (natal teeth) or within a month after delivery (neonatal teeth) is a rare condition. Natal and neonatal teeth are conditions of significant importance to pediatric dentists and pediatricians. This report discusses a case in which a five-day-old infant required extraction of a mobile mandibular natal tooth to avoid the risk of aspiration and interference with feeding. Also, a review of the literature was conducted to discuss the etiology, clinical features, complications, and management of natal and neonatal teeth.
Solving a Complex Language Game by Using Knowledge-Based Word Associations Discovery

“The Guillotine” is a language game whose goal is to predict the unique word that is linked in some way to five words given as clues, generally unrelated to each other. The ability of the human player to find the solution depends on the richness of her cultural background. We designed an artificial player for that game, based on a large knowledge repository built by exploiting several sources available on the web, such as Wikipedia, that provide the system with the cultural and linguistic background needed to understand clues. The “brain” of the system is a spreading activation algorithm that starts processing clues, finds associations between them and words within the knowledge repository, and computes a list of candidate solutions. In this paper we focus on the problem of finding the most promising candidate solution to be provided as the final answer. We improved the spreading algorithm by means of two strategies for finding associations also between candidate solutions and clues. Those strategies allow bidirectional reasoning and select the candidate solution which is the most connected with the clues. Experiments show that the performance of the system is comparable to that of average human players.
Why are Some Games More Addictive than Others: The Effects of Timing and Payoff on Perseverance in a Slot Machine Game

Manipulating different behavioral characteristics of gambling games can potentially affect the extent to which individuals persevere at gambling, and their transition to problematic behaviors. This has potential impact for mobile gambling technologies and responsible gambling interventions. Two laboratory models pertinent to this are the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) and the trial spacing effect. Both of these might speed up or delay the acquisition and extinction of conditioned behavior. We report an experiment that manipulated the rate of reinforcement and inter trial interval (ITI) on a simulated slot machine where participants were given the choice between gambling and skipping on each trial, before perseverative gambling was measured in extinction, followed by measurements of the illusion of control, depression and impulsivity. We hypothesized that longer ITI’s in conjunction with the low rates of reinforcement observed in gambling would lead to greater perseverance. We further hypothesized, given that timing is known to be important in displaying illusory control and potentially in persevering in gambling, that prior exposure to longer intervals might affect illusions of control. An interaction between ITI and rate of reinforcement was observed, as low reinforced gamblers with a long ITI gambled for longer. Respondents also displayed extinction and a PREE. Gamblers exposed to a higher rate of reinforcement gambled for longer in acquisition. Impulsivity was associated with extended perseverance in extinction, and more depressed gamblers in the high reinforcement short ITI group persevered for longer. Performance in the contingency judgment failed to support the second hypothesis: the only significant contrast observed was that participants became better calibrated as the task progressed.
Endocytosis, Signaling, and Beyond

The endocytic network comprises a vast and intricate system of membrane-delimited cell entry and cargo sorting routes running between biochemically and functionally distinct intracellular compartments. The endocytic network caters to the organization and redistribution of diverse subcellular components, and mediates appropriate shuttling and processing of materials acquired from neighboring cells or the extracellular milieu. Such trafficking logistics, despite their importance, represent only one facet of endocytic function. The endocytic network also plays a key role in organizing, mediating, and regulating cellular signal transduction events. Conversely, cellular signaling processes tightly control the endocytic pathway at different steps. The present article provides a perspective on the intimate relationships that exist between particular endocytic and cellular signaling processes in mammalian cells, within the context of understanding the impact of this nexus on integrated physiology.
Enumeration of spanning trees in simplicial complexes

The Kirchoff Matrix Tree Theorem states that the number of spanning trees in a graph G is equal to the absolute value of any cofactor of the Laplacian matrix of G. As the theory of simplicial complexes is a generalization of the theory of graphs one would suspect that there is a generalization of the notion of spanning trees to simplicial complexes, such that the number of spanning trees in a given simplicial complex ∆ is counted in a similiar way. We provide such a generalization and show that these trees, weighted with the number of elements of the torsion subgroup of their individual kth homological group, can be counted by the absolute value of the determinant of a certain submatrix of the Laplacian matrix of ∆. This paper also gives an overview of the field of enumeration of trees using the Laplacian matrix.
DOA estimation in the presence of unknown colored noise, the global matched filter approach

The problem of the localization of multiple narrow band sources in the presence of arbitrary noise of unknown spatial spectral density is addressed. The array geometry can be arbitrary but must be known. The spatial noise spectrum is described using a sufficiently rich class of models that somehow covers the set of rational spectra. The Global Matched Filter is used to identify the characteristics of the sources that are present and to get a approximate model of the unknown colored noise. It is a technique that can be seen as a model-fitting or sparse representation approach in which the observations are decomposed on the association of different bases of candidate models. The computational complexity is reasonable and the performance are quite good and compare favorably with other methods.
The Concept Path Combination Model for Supporting a Personalized Learning Path in Adaptive Educational Systems

Personalized learning paths are becoming more common in adaptive learning systems. In this paper we extend our earlier work by developing the Content Path Combination Model (CPCM) for integrating the design paths obtained from different instructional designers and making a strongly recommended course object sequence; presenting methodologies for handling two central tasks: (i) creating the linear sequence extensions that are the integrated topological sorts of different concept path graphs; (ii) creating an integrated concept path using CPCM. The demonstrated results show that the personalized learning path is strongly supported by the synthesized path based on the work of various instructional designers and on the learner knowledge space.
Kinetic Study of the Formation of Oxygen Vacancy on Lanthanum Manganite Electrodes

The electrochemical reduction of oxygen on lanthanum manganite (LSM) electrodes has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, alternating current (ac) impedance, and, in particular, potential step. An emphasis was given to the study of the kinetics of the formation of oxygen vacancy, which is shown to be the main cause for the reversed hysteresis in cyclic voltammograms and for the increase in the electrochemical activity of oxygen reduction on the cathodically polarized LSM electrode observed in both ac impedance and in potential step experiments. The potential step experiments show that the oxygen vacancy concentration increases exponentially with time when the LSM is under a cathodic polarization. In the present study, the rate controlling step for the formation of oxygen vacancies is the oxygen vacancy generation step. The cathodic current rising from the reaction on oxygen vacancies can make a significant contribution to the total reduction current.
The feed intake of an Meal patterns in relation to the supply of branched-chain amino acids in pigs 1

When a diet defi cient in Val with excessive Leu is offered to pigs, feed intake is reduced. The physiological mechanisms underlying the rejection of branched-chain AA (BCAA) unbalance are unknown. A meal pattern analysis was performed to determine how pigs respond to the ingestion of a diet unbalanced in BCAA to identify the mechanisms responsible for the aversive response of such a diet. Eight female pigs (initial BW of 30.7 ± 1.7 kg at 9 wk of age) received alternatively a diet either unbalanced in BCAA supply (i.e., a diet defi cient in Val with an excess supply of Leu) or a control diet (i.e., a diet with a suffi cient supply of Val with an excess supply of Leu) during 4 periods of 5 consecutive days. Feed consumption was monitored continuously to determine feeding behavior. Average daily feed intake of pigs receiving the diet unbalanced in BCAA was l3% less than that in pigs offered the control diet (P < 0.01). Offering the unbalanced diet had no effect on meal size but reduced the number of meals from 9.9 to 8.5 per day (P < 0.01). There was no difference between diets in intermeal interval but a slight trend for an increased meal duration from 14.5 to 16.3 min in pigs receiving the unbalanced diet (P = 0.13). The rejection of feed appeared within the fi rst 2 d after offering the unbalanced diet. The results of this experiment indicate that the BCAA unbalanced diet had no effect on satiety and satiation. After initiation of a meal, pigs ate a normal-sized meal and were hungry, but the increase in meal duration and a decrease in the number of meals inferred a negative alliesthesia (less pleasant) response to the BCAA unbalanced diet. On the basis of meal patterns, the rejection of a diet unbalanced in BCAA may not involve short-term mechanisms related to oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal receptors but may be triggered by postabsorptive signals.
Low-Power Double Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop Circuit Design

In this paper, we compare three previously published static double edge-triggered (DET) flip-flops with a proposed design for their transistor counts and power consumptions. The proposed DET flip-flop uses only 12 transistors in addition to the clock driver, and hence requires a small area. Several HSPICE simulations with different input sequences show that the proposed DET flip-flop reduces power consumption up to 85%, as compared to conventional DET flip-flops.
Constructing Models of User and Task Characteristics from Eye Gaze Data for User-Adaptive Information Highlighting

A user-adaptive information visualization system capable of learning models of users and the visualization tasks they perform could provide interventions optimized for helping specific users in specific task contexts. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of predicting visualization tasks, user performance on tasks, and user traits from gaze data. We show that predictions made with a logistic regression model are significantly better than a baseline classifier, with particularly strong results for predicting task type and user performance. Furthermore, we compare classifiers built with interface-independent and interface-dependent features, and show that the interface-independent features are comparable or superior to interface-dependent ones. Finally, we discuss how the accuracy of predictive models is affected if they are trained with data from trials that had highlighting interventions added to the visualization.
Monro-Kellie 2.0: The dynamic vascular and venous pathophysiological components of intracranial pressure

For 200 years, the ‘closed box’ analogy of intracranial pressure (ICP) has underpinned neurosurgery and neuro-critical care. Cushing conceptualised the Monro-Kellie doctrine stating that a change in blood, brain or CSF volume resulted in reciprocal changes in one or both of the other two. When not possible, attempts to increase a volume further increase ICP. On this doctrine’s “truth or relative untruth” depends many of the critical procedures in the surgery of the central nervous system. However, each volume component may not deserve the equal weighting this static concept implies. The slow production of CSF (0.35 ml/min) is dwarfed by the dynamic blood in and outflow (∼700 ml/min). Neuro-critical care practice focusing on arterial and ICP regulation has been questioned. Failure of venous efferent flow to precisely match arterial afferent flow will yield immediate and dramatic changes in intracranial blood volume and pressure. Interpreting ICP without interrogating its core drivers may be misleading. Multiple clinical conditions and the cerebral effects of altitude and microgravity relate to imbalances in this dynamic rather than ICP per se. This article reviews the Monro-Kellie doctrine, categorises venous outflow limitation conditions, relates physiological mechanisms to clinical conditions and suggests specific management options.
LOFAR 150-MHz observations of the Boötes field: catalogue and source counts

We present the first wide area (19 deg(2)), deep (a parts per thousand 120-150 mu Jy beam(-1)), high-resolution (5.6 x 7.4 arcsec) LOFAR High Band Antenna image of the Bootes field made at 130-169 MHz. This image is at least an order of magnitude deeper and 3-5 times higher in angular resolution than previously achieved for this field at low frequencies. The observations and data reduction, which includes full direction-dependent calibration, are described here. We present a radio source catalogue containing 6 276 sources detected over an area of 19 deg(2), with a peak flux density threshold of 5 sigma. As the first thorough test of the facet calibration strategy, introduced by van Weeren et al., we investigate the flux and positional accuracy of the catalogue. We present differential source counts that reach an order of magnitude deeper in flux density than previously achieved at these low frequencies, and show flattening at 150-MHz flux densities below 10 mJy associated with the rise of the low flux density star-forming galaxies and radio-quiet AGN.
Electric pitch PMSM servo system based on direct torque control

As one key technology of the wind turbine system, electric variable pitch is getting more attention in the world. In this paper a new direct torque control method is applied to the electric pitch control servo system. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is selected as implementation motor of the electric pitch control servo system and the direct torque control (DTC) for PMSM based on space voltage vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is discussed. The electric pitch control servo system is designed by using direct torque control technology of stator flux. Simulation results show that system has good performance and strong robustness. The system can realize accurate position control with fast dynamic response performance.
Joint Inference for Heterogeneous Dependency Parsing

This paper is concerned with the problem of heterogeneous dependency parsing. In this paper, we present a novel joint inference scheme, which is able to leverage the consensus information between heterogeneous treebanks in the parsing phase. Different from stacked learning methods (Nivre and McDonald, 2008; Martins et al., 2008), which process the dependency parsing in a pipelined way (e.g., a second level uses the first level outputs), in our method, multiple dependency parsing models are coordinated to exchange consensus information. We conduct experiments on Chinese Dependency Treebank (CDT)and Penn Chinese Treebank(CTB), experimental results show that joint inference can bring significant improvements to all state-of-the-art dependency parsers.
Document Clustering Method Based on Frequent Co-occurring Words

This paper presents a new document clustering method based on frequent co-occurring words. We first employ the Singular Value Decomposition, and then group the words into clusters called word representatives as substitution of the corresponding words in the original documents. Next, we extract the frequent word representative sets by Apriori. Subsequently, each document is designated to a basic unit described by the frequent word representative set, from which we can get the ultimate clusters by hierarchical clustering. The major advantage of our method is that it can produce the cluster description by the frequent word representatives and then by the corresponding words in the clustering process without any extra works. Compared with the state-of-the-art UPGMA method on benchmark datasets, our method has better performance in terms of the entropy and cluster purity.
Constraining the Extra Heating of the Diffuse Ionized Gas in the Milky Way

The detailed observations of the diffuse ionized gas through the emission lines Hα, [N II], and [S II] in the Perseus arm of our Galaxy by the Wisconsin Hα Mapper (WHAM) survey challenge photoionization models. They have to explain the observed rise in the line ratios [N II]/Hα and [S II]/Hα. The models described here are the first to consider the detailed observational geometry toward the Perseus arm. The models address the vertical variation of the line ratios up to a height of 2 kpc above the midplane. The rising trends of the line ratios are matched. The increase in the line ratios is reflected in a rise in the temperature of the gas layer. This is due to the progressive hardening of the radiation going through the gas. However, extra heating in addition to photoionization is needed to explain the absolute values. Two different extra-heating rates are investigated, which are proportional to n0 and n1. The models show that a combination of both is best to explain the data for which the extra heating independent of density is dominant for z > 0.8 kpc.
EXPERIMENTAL STREPTOBACILLUS MONILIFORMIS ARTHRITIS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO

1. A strain of Streptobacillus moniliformis isolated from a case of rat bite fever in man has been found to produce infection of the developing chick embryo following inoculation of the chorio-allantois. 2. The disease in embryos is characterized by invasion of the blood stream and an almost exclusive localization of the infectious process to the synovial lining of the joints. 3. In the early stages of the development of the joint lesions the Streptobacillus moniliformis behaves as a facultative intracellular parasite within the cytoplasm of the synovial lining cells. Conditions favorable for the growth of the microorganisms are maintained only temporarily. The infection appears to be self-limiting in nature.
Arginase 2 Deficiency Prevents Oxidative Stress and Limits Hyperoxia-Induced Retinal Vascular Degeneration

Background Hyperoxia exposure of premature infants causes obliteration of the immature retinal microvessels, leading to a condition of proliferative vitreoretinal neovascularization termed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Previous work has demonstrated that the hyperoxia-induced vascular injury is mediated by dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase resulting in peroxynitrite formation. This study was undertaken to determine the involvement of the ureahydrolase enzyme arginase in this pathology. Methods and Findings Studies were performed using hyperoxia-treated bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRE) and mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) as experimental models of ROP. Treatment with the specific arginase inhibitor 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH) prevented hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of BRE cells and reduced vaso-obliteration in the OIR model. Furthermore, deletion of the arginase 2 gene protected against hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration, enhanced physiological vascular repair, and reduced retinal neovascularization in the OIR model. Additional deletion of one copy of arginase 1 did not improve the vascular pathology. Analyses of peroxynitrite by quantitation of its biomarker nitrotyrosine, superoxide by dihydroethidium imaging and NO formation by diaminofluoroscein imaging showed that the protective actions of arginase 2 deletion were associated with blockade of superoxide and peroxynitrite formation and normalization of NOS activity. Conclusions Our data demonstrate the involvement of arginase activity and arginase 2 expression in hyperoxia-induced vascular injury. Arginase 2 deletion prevents hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular injury by preventing NOS uncoupling resulting in decreased reactive oxygen species formation and increased nitric oxide bioavailability.