Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of incident lacunes during the course of ischemic cerebral small vessel diseases

Background Lacunes represent key imaging markers of cerebral small vessel diseases (cSVDs). During their progression, incident lacunes are related to stroke manifestations and contribute to progressive cognitive and/or motor decline. Assessing new lesions has become crucial but remains time-consuming and error-prone, even for an expert. We, thus, sought to develop and validate an automatic segmentation method of incident lacunes in CADASIL caused by cysteine mutation in the EGFr domains of the NOTCH3 gene, a severe and progressive monogenic form of cSVD. Methods Incident lacunes were identified based on difference maps of 3D T1-weighted MRIs obtained at the baseline and 2 years later. These maps were thresholded using clustering analysis and compared with results obtained by expert visual analysis, which is considered the gold standard approach. Results The median number of lacunes at the baseline in 30 randomly selected patients was 7 (IQR = [2, 11]). The median number of incident lacunes was 2 (IQR = [0, 3]) using the automatic method (mean time-processing: 25 s/patient) and 0.5 (IQR = [0, 2]) using the standard visual approach (mean time-processing: 8 min/patient). The complementary analysis of segmentation results is enabled to quickly remove false positives detected in specific locations and to identify true incident lesions not previously detected by the standard analysis (2 min/case). A combined approach based on automatic segmentation of incident lacunes followed by quick corrections of false positives allowed to reach high individual sensitivity (median at 0.66, IQR = [0.21, 1.00]) and global specificity scores (0.80). Conclusion The automatic segmentation of incident lacunes followed by quick corrections of false positives appears promising for properly and rapidly quantifying incident lacunes in large cohorts of cSVDs.
ON THE STABILITY OF A FIXED POINT ALGEBRA C ⁄ (E) ∞ OF A GAUGE ACTION ON A GRAPH C ⁄ -ALGEBRA

The fixed point algebra C ⁄ (E) ∞ of a gauge action ∞ on a graph C ⁄ -algebra C ⁄ (E) and its AF subalgebras C ⁄ (E) ∞ associated to each vertex v do play an important role for the study of dynamical prop- erties of C ⁄ (E). In this paper, we consider the stability of C ⁄ (E) ∞ (an AF algebra is either stable or equipped with a (nonzero bounded) trace). It is known that C ⁄ (E) ∞ is stably isomorphic to a graph C ⁄ - algebra C ⁄ (EZ ◊ E) which we observe being stable. We first give an explicit isomorphism from C ⁄ (E) ∞ to a full hereditary C ⁄ -subalgebra of C ⁄ (EN ◊ E)(‰ C ⁄ (EZ ◊ E)) and then show that C ⁄ (EN ◊ E) is stable whenever C ⁄ (E) ∞ is so. Thus C ⁄ (E) ∞ cannot be stable if C ⁄ (EN ◊ E) admits a trace. It is shown that this is the case if the vertex matrix of E has an eigenvector with an eigenvalue ‚ > 1. The AF algebras C ⁄ (E) ∞ are shown to be nonstable whenever E is irreducible. Several examples are discussed.
Inverse Problems and Torricelli's Law

Charles Groetsch, a native of New Orleans, is Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cincinnati. Except for a year at the University of Rhode Island, and shorter research appoint? ments in Canberra, Kaiserslautern, Manchester, and Zurich, he has been in Cincinnati since obtaining his Ph.D. from LSU in 1971. His research interests center on numerical analysis in abstract spaces, particularly the theory of approximate methods for ill-posed problems. When not thinking about mathematics and how to teach it, he likes to think a little about the hardest inverse problem? history.
The progenitor of SN 1987A - Uncertain evolution of a 20 solar mass star

The paper presents calculations of the evolution of a 20 solar mass star for various assumptions concerning opacities, energy generation, convection, and mass loss. An attempt is made to determine which factors favor a blue supergiant progenitor and which do not. Consideration is given to the reasons for the early evolution of the Sk -69.202 deg. 58 refs.
The effect of G0S2 on insulin sensitivity: A proteomic analysis in a G0S2-overexpressed high-fat diet mouse model

Background Previous research has shown a tight relationship between the G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity and diabetes, and insulin resistance has been shown as the major risk factor for both NAFLD and T2DM. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between G0S2 and insulin resistance remain incompletely understood. Our study aimed to confirm the effect of G0S2 on insulin resistance, and determine whether the insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) results from G0S2 elevation. Methods In this study, we extracted livers from mice that consumed HFD and received tail vein injections of AD-G0S2/Ad-LacZ, and performed a proteomics analysis. Results Proteomic analysis revealed that there was a total of 125 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (56 increased and 69 decreased proteins) among the identified 3583 proteins. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that four insulin signaling pathway-associated proteins were significantly upregulated and five insulin signaling pathway -associated proteins were significantly downregulated. Conclusion These findings show that the DEPs, which were associated with insulin resistance, are generally consistent with enhanced insulin resistance in G0S2 overexpression mice. Collectively, this study demonstrates that G0S2 may be a potential target gene for the treatment of obesity, NAFLD, and diabetes.
DESIGN OF FLEXURE HINGES

This paper presents the compliance equations for rectangular single-axis hinges and right circular hinges. The equations are given in closed-form and concise expressions so that they are handy for design. Comparison is made between the present equations and those of widely used J. M. Paros equations. Results indicate that the present equations are simple and effective, particularly for the right circular hinges. Some suggestions are made in regard to the design of flexure hinges.
Miniaturized High-Order Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filters with Multiple Band Rejection Notches

Abstract This article, for the first time, presents a technique to realize controllable multiple band rejection notches in high-order miniaturized ultra-wideband filters employing the E-shaped microstrip structure. In this technique, the filter circuit is composed of a double layer substrate where on the bottom layer the main filter circuit uses a cascaded E-shaped microstrip; the structure is developed and on the top layer the notches circuit employs a square-loop shape, where the structure is etched. These two filter circuits are capacitively coupled using overlapping microstrip lines. To demonstrate the technique and design process, several examples are designed, fabricated, and measured. One particular example is a fifth-order ultra-wideband bandpass filter with multiple rejection notches in which each notched band has a second-order stopband response. The filter size is very small, about 5.7 mm × 6.5 mm × 0.63 mm, excluding the feeding ports.
Robust H∞ control for switched stochastic nonlinear systems under sampled‐data

In this article, we consider an output feedback control problem of switched stochastic nonlinear systems under sampled‐data, where the switching converts to asynchronous switching if the switching occurs within the sampling interval. We first construct the output feedback sampled‐data controller by the back‐stepping method. And the limiting conditions of the sampling period are obtained based on the average dwell time method. We show that the closed‐loop system is globally mean‐square asymptotically stable and has a weighted L2$$ {L}_2 $$ ‐gain. Moreover, our theoretical results are applied to two numerical examples to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
ceRNA network construction and identification of hub genes as novel therapeutic targets for age-related cataracts using bioinformatics

Background The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract (ARC). Methods We obtained the transcriptome datafile of th ree ARC samples and three healthy, age-matched samples and used differential expression analyses to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The differential lncRNA-associated competing endogenous (ceRNA) network, and the protein-protein network (PPI) were constructed using Cytoscape and STRING. Cluster analyses were performed to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms of the hub genes affecting ARC progression. To verify the immune status of the ARC patients, immune-associated analyses were also conducted. Results The PPI network identified the FOXO1 gene as the hub gene with the highest score, as calculated by the Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) algorithm. The ceRNA network identified lncRNAs H19, XIST, TTTY14, and MEG3 and hub genes FOXO1, NOTCH3, CDK6, SPRY2, and CA2 as playing key roles in regulating the pathogenesis of ARC. Additionally, the identified hub genes showed no significant correlation with an immune response but were highly correlated with cell metabolism, including cysteine, methionine, and galactose. Discussion The findings of this study may provide clues toward ARC pathogenic mechanisms and may be of significance for future therapeutic research.
Wave Response during Hydrostatic and Geostrophic Adjustment. Part I: Transient Dynamics

Abstract The adjustment of a compressible, stably stratified atmosphere to sources of hydrostatic and geostrophic imbalance is investigated using a linear model. Imbalance is produced by prescribed, time-dependent injections of mass, heat, or momentum that model those processes considered “external” to the scales of motion on which the linearization and other model assumptions are justifiable. Solutions are demonstrated in response to a localized warming characteristic of small isolated clouds, larger thunderstorms, and convective systems. For a semi-infinite atmosphere, solutions consist of a set of vertical modes of continuously varying wavenumber, each of which contains time dependencies classified as steady, acoustic wave, and buoyancy wave contributions. Additionally, a rigid lower-boundary condition implies the existence of a discrete mode—the Lamb mode— containing only a steady and acoustic wave contribution. The forced solutions are generalized in terms of a temporal Green's function, which repres.
Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Expressing a Glycosylation Mutant of Dengue Virus NS1 Induces Specific Antibody and T-Cell Responses in Mice

The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1–4) continue to pose a major public health threat. The first licenced dengue vaccine, which expresses the surface proteins of DENV1–4, has performed poorly in immunologically naïve individuals, sensitising them to antibody-enhanced dengue disease. DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) can directly induce vascular leakage, the hallmark of severe dengue disease, which is blocked by NS1-specific antibodies, making it an attractive target for vaccine development. However, the intrinsic ability of NS1 to trigger vascular leakage is a potential drawback of its use as a vaccine antigen. Here, we modified DENV2 NS1 by mutating an N-linked glycosylation site associated with NS1-induced endothelial hyperpermeability and used modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) as a vector for its delivery. The resulting construct, rMVA-D2-NS1-N207Q, displayed high genetic stability and drove efficient secretion of NS1-N207Q from infected cells. Secreted NS1-N207Q was composed of dimers and lacked N-linked glycosylation at position 207. Prime–boost immunisation of C57BL/6J mice induced high levels of NS1-specific antibodies binding various conformations of NS1 and elicited NS1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. Our findings support rMVA-D2-NS1-N207Q as a promising and potentially safer alternative to existing NS1-based vaccine candidates, warranting further pre-clinical testing in a relevant mouse model of DENV infection.
The little brain and the seahorse: Cerebellar-hippocampal interactions

There is a growing appreciation for the cerebellum beyond its role in motor function and accumulating evidence that the cerebellum and hippocampus interact across a range of brain states and behaviors. Acute and chronic manipulations, simultaneous recordings, and imaging studies together indicate coordinated coactivation and a bidirectional functional connectivity relevant for various physiological functions, including spatiotemporal processing. This bidirectional functional connectivity is likely supported by multiple circuit paths. It is also important in temporal lobe epilepsy: the cerebellum is impacted by seizures and epilepsy, and modulation of cerebellar circuitry can be an effective strategy to inhibit hippocampal seizures. This review highlights some of the recent key hippobellum literature.
Highly active bacterial DMSP metabolism in the surface microlayer of the eastern China marginal seas

The microbial cycling of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and the resulting gaseous catabolites dimethylsulfide (DMS) or methylmercaptan (MeSH) play key roles in the global sulfur cycle and potentially climate regulation. As the ocean–atmosphere boundary, the sea surface microlayer (SML) is important for the generation and emission of DMS and MeSH. However, understanding of the microbial DMSP metabolism remains limited in the SML. Here, we studied the spatiotemporal differences for DMS/DMSP, bacterial community structure and the key bacterial DMSP metabolic genes between SML and subsurface seawater (SSW) samples in the eastern China marginal seas (the East China Sea and Yellow Sea). In general, DMSPd and DMSPt concentrations, and the abundance of total, free-living and particle-associated bacteria were higher in SML than that in SSW. DMSP synthesis (~7.81-fold for dsyB, ~2.93-fold for mmtN) and degradation genes (~5.38-fold for dmdA, ~6.27-fold for dddP) detected in SML were more abundant compared with SSW samples. Free-living bacteria were the main DMSP producers and consumers in eastern Chinese marginal sea. Regionally, the bacterial community structure was distinct between the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. The abundance of DMSP metabolic genes (dsyB, dmdA, and dddP) and genera in the East China Sea were higher than those of the Yellow Sea. Seasonally, DMSP/DMS level and DMSP metabolic genes and bacteria were more abundant in SML of the East China Sea in summer than in spring. Different from those in spring, Ruegeria was the dominant DMSP metabolic bacteria. In conclusion, the DMSP synthesis and degradation showed significant spatiotemporal differences in the SML of the eastern China marginal seas, and were consistently more active in the SML than in the SSW.
Surface stability and H adsorption and diffusion near surfaces of W borides: a first-principles study

Understanding the behavior of tungsten boride (W x B y ) surfaces in a fusion reactor environment is an important topic since boronization is a common wall conditioning method used in fusion Tokamaks. We report the results of density functional theory calculations that investigate the surface stability of W x B y (tetragonal I41/amd-WB, hexagonal P63/mmc-WB2 and tetragonal I4/m-W2B) with low-index orientations, as well as hydrogen (H) energetics near W x B y surfaces. For single element terminated W x B y surfaces, B terminated surfaces are more energetically stable than W terminated as a result of significant reconstruction of B. The H surface adsorption energy and activation energy of H diffusion penetration below W x B y surfaces are mainly related to the outer termination. Specifically, the WB(001) surface terminated with two B layers, referred to as WB(001)-TBB, has higher H adsorption affinity and lower H diffusivity on this surface than other terminations, which is controlled by the significant charge transfer from B to H. However, B atoms on the WB2(0001)-TBB surface decrease both H adsorption and diffusivity on the surface, but enhance H diffusion below the surface in comparison to W terminated WB2(0001) surface. H would be trapped and diffuse within atomic surface gaps on the WB2( 21ˉ1ˉ0 ) surface, while H below the surface layer would jump along the [0001] direction rather than diffuse into bulk. The surface diffusion activation energy of H on the W2B(001) surface slightly varies with terminations. Once H crosses the surface layer of W2B(001) with either termination, it prefers to diffuse into the bulk, or back towards the surface, rather than move parallel to the surface. Interestingly, WB2(0001) and WB2( 21ˉ1ˉ0 ) surfaces will have relatively higher H retention than the other W x B y surfaces evaluated in this work.
A Review on the Progress of Optoelectronic Devices Based on TiO2 Thin Films and Nanomaterials

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a kind of wide-bandgap semiconductor. Nano-TiO2 devices exhibit size-dependent and novel photoelectric performance due to their quantum limiting effect, high absorption coefficient, high surface-volume ratio, adjustable band gap, etc. Due to their excellent electronic performance, abundant presence, and high cost performance, they are widely used in various application fields such as memory, sensors, and photodiodes. This article provides an overview of the most recent developments in the application of nanostructured TiO2-based optoelectronic devices. Various complex devices are considered, such as sensors, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), storage applications, and field-effect transistors (FETs). This review of recent discoveries in TiO2-based optoelectronic devices, along with summary reviews and predictions, has important implications for the development of transitional metal oxides in optoelectronic applications for researchers.
Preparation of therapy-grade extracellular vesicles from adipose tissue to promote diabetic wound healing

Background: Treatment of diabetic wounds is a major challenge in clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from adipose-derived stem cells have shown effectiveness in diabetic wound models. However, obtaining ADSC-EVs requires culturing vast numbers of cells, which is hampered by the need for expensive equipment and reagents, extended time cost, and complicated procedures before commercialization. Therefore, methods to extract EVs from discarded tissue need to be developed, for immediate application during surgery. For this reason, mechanical, collagenase-digestive, and constant in-vitro-collective methods were designed and compared for preparing therapy-grade EVs directly from adipose tissue. Methods: Characteristics and quantities of EVs were detected by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting firstly. To investigate the biological effects of EVs on diabetic wound healing, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and inflammation-regulation assays were then evaluated in vitro, along with a diabetic wound healing mouse model in vivo. To further explore the potential therapeutic mechanism of EVs, miRNA expression profile of EVs were also identified and analyzed. Results: The adipose tissue derived EVs (AT-EVs) were showed to qualify ISEV identification by nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting and the AT-EVs yield from three methods was equal. EVs also showed promoting effects on biological processes related to diabetic wound healing, which depend on fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. We also observed enrichment of overlapping or unique miRNAs originate from different types of AT-EVs associated with diabetic wound healing for further investigation. Conclusion: After comparative analyses, a mechanical method was proposed for preparing immediate clinical applicable EVs from adipose tissue that would result in reduced preparation time and lower cost, which could have promising application potential in treating diabetic wounds.
Wearable upper limb robotics for pervasive health: a review

Wearable robotics, also called exoskeletons, have been engineered for human-centered assistance for decades. They provide assistive technologies for maintaining and improving patients’ natural capabilities towards self-independence and also enable new therapy solutions for rehabilitation towards pervasive health. Upper limb exoskeletons can significantly enhance human manipulation with environments, which is crucial to patients’ independence, self-esteem, and quality of life. For long-term use in both in-hospital and at-home settings, there are still needs for new technologies with high comfort, biocompatibility, and operability. The recent progress in soft robotics has initiated soft exoskeletons (also called exosuits), which are based on controllable and compliant materials and structures. Remarkable literature reviews have been performed for rigid exoskeletons ranging from robot design to different practical applications. Due to the emerging state, few have been focused on soft upper limb exoskeletons. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the recent progress in wearable upper limb robotics including both rigid and soft exoskeletons with a focus on their designs and applications in various pervasive healthcare settings. The technical needs for wearable robots are carefully reviewed and the assistance and rehabilitation that can be enhanced by wearable robotics are particularly discussed. The knowledge from rigid wearable robots may provide practical experience and inspire new ideas for soft exoskeleton designs. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of wearable assistive robotics for pervasive health.
Vortex Formation and Vortex Shedding in Continuously Stratified Flows past Isolated Topography.

Abstract The flow of a nonrotating atmosphere with uniform stratification and wind speed past an isolated three-dimensional topographic obstacle is investigated with a nonhydrostatic numerical model having a free-slip lower boundary. When the mountain is sufficiently high, the transient development of a quasi-steady flow occurs in two phases. During the first phase, which occurs over a dimensionless time of O(1), the flow is essentially inviscid and adiabatic, and potential vorticity (PV) is conserved. The transient evolution of the flow during the second phase, which occurs over a dimensionless time of O(10) to O(100), is controlled by dissipation and is accompanied by the generation of PV anomalies. Two cases are examined in which the flow is forced to remain left–right symmetric with respect to the axis of the incident flow. In the first, the dimensionless mountain height NH/U is 1.5, and gravity waves break over the mountain. In the second, NH/U = 3, and a quasi-steady recirculating wake containing a .
A convergent projective iteration method combined with spatial decomposition for solving electromagnetic problems

A convergent iterative method is presented which is based on truncating the known function in the decomposed subdomain and using a projection procedure. The difference between the decomposition technique in this method and the spatial decomposition technique is that the unknown function is not decomposed in space and the solution is improved by means of an orthographic projection procedure. A series of suboperator equations defined on subdomains are solved in each step of the iterations, with much less computer memory and execution time than a direct method for the original equation. Two kinds of acceleration techniques are proposed; one employs a relaxation factor and the other is a multilevel technique like the multigrid method. Numerical results verify the computer efficiency of the proposed iteration method. <<ETX>>