Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting relevant questions to an RDF dataset using formal concept analysis

With the rise of linked data, more and more semantically described information is being published online according to the principles and technologies of the Semantic Web (especially, RDF and SPARQL). The use of such standard technologies means that this data should be exploitable, integrable and reusable straight away. However, once a potentially interesting dataset has been discovered, significant efforts are currently required in order to understand its schema, its content, the way to query it and what it can answer. In this paper, we propose a method and a tool to automatically discover questions that can be answered by an RDF dataset. We use formal concept analysis to build a hierarchy of meaningful sets of entities from a dataset. These sets of entities represent answers, which common characteristics represent the clauses of the corresponding questions. This hierarchy can then be used as a querying interface, proposing questions of varying levels of granularity and specificity to the user. A major issue is however that thousands of questions can be included in this hierarchy. Based on an empirical analysis and using metrics inspired both from formal concept analysis and from ontology summarization, we devise an approach for identifying relevant questions to act as a starting point to the navigation in the question hierarchy.
Perivascular anoxia‐ischemia lesions in the human brain

The clinical and pathologic data are presented on three patients who had clinical anoxia-ischemia in combination with serum hyperosmolality. The pathologic lesions consisted of perivascular necrosis, predominantly involving small vessels in the cerebral cortex. No intraluminal thromboembolic material was found in any of the vessels. The lesions are reminiscent of “no-reflow” lesions seen in experimental animals rendered ischemia
Waving the flag: National symbolism, social identity, and political engagement

This research examined the psychological underpinnings of concern for national symbols and ritualistic-ceremonial activities or "symbolic involvement. " We propose and test a distinction between symbolic and "instrumental" involvement or concern for the functionality of national institutions and their capability to provide instrumental benefits to citizens. Items comprising the two constructs were found to be empirically distinct, evidenced by statistically reliable and orthogonal dimensions in exploratory factor analysis. Moreover, evidence based on divergent patterns of relations with various forms of national membership indicates that symbolic and instrumental involvement are rooted in distinct motivational concerns related to identity expression and object appraisal, respectively. These findings suggest that national symbolism evokes a psychological attachment to the nation as an abstracted social entity, but not as a concrete functional system. Language: en
Environmental education in Fiji

Abstract In mid‐1992 a comprehensive study of the status of environmental education in the schools and tertiary institutions of Fiji was carried out. The resulting document was entitled ‘Environmental Education in Fiji’ (Taylor 1992). Much of this paper is a summary of that document. In it, the authors provide a brief background regarding formal education in the country, and the terms of reference of the study. They then present a short review of pertinent literature before describing the strengths and weaknesses in environmental education endeavours within the system. Finally, they put forward a set of specific recommendations for improving this important area of education.
Automatic Detection of Geospatial Objects Using Multiple Hierarchical Segmentations

The object-based analysis of remotely sensed imagery provides valuable spatial and structural information that is complementary to pixel-based spectral information in classification. In this paper, we present novel methods for automatic object detection in high-resolution images by combining spectral information with structural information exploited by using image segmentation. The proposed segmentation algorithm uses morphological operations applied to individual spectral bands using structuring elements in increasing sizes. These operations produce a set of connected components forming a hierarchy of segments for each band. A generic algorithm is designed to select meaningful segments that maximize a measure consisting of spectral homogeneity and neighborhood connectivity. Given the observation that different structures appear more clearly at different scales in different spectral bands, we describe a new algorithm for unsupervised grouping of candidate segments belonging to multiple hierarchical segmentations to find coherent sets of segments that correspond to actual objects. The segments are modeled by using their spectral and textural content, and the grouping problem is solved by using the probabilistic latent semantic analysis algorithm that builds object models by learning the object-conditional probability distributions. The automatic labeling of a segment is done by computing the similarity of its feature distribution to the distribution of the learned object models using the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The performances of the unsupervised segmentation and object detection algorithms are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using three different data sets with comparative experiments, and the results show that the proposed methods are able to automatically detect, group, and label segments belonging to the same object classes.
On the dual code of points and generators on the Hermitian variety H(2n+1, q2)

We study the dual linear code of points and generators on a non-singular Hermitian variety H(2n + 1, q(2)). We improve the earlier results for n = 2, we solve the minimum distance problem for general n, we classify the n smallest types of code words and we characterize the small weight code words as being a linear combination of these n types.
Attack detection in recommender systems based on target item analysis

Recommender systems are highly vulnerable to attacks. Attackers who introduce biased ratings in order to affect recommendations, have been shown to be effective against collaborative filtering algorithms. In this paper, we study the use of statistical metrics to detect rating patterns of attackers. Two metrics, Rating Deviation from Mean Agreement (RDMA) and Degree of Similarity with Top Neighbors (DegSim), are used for analysing rating patterns between malicious profiles and genuine profiles in shilling attacks. Building upon this, we propose and evaluate an algorithm for detecting shilling attacks in recommender systems using a statistical approach. We look at two attack models: random attack and average attack. The experimental results show that our detection technique based on target item analysis is an effective approach in detecting shilling attacks for both the random and average attack model.
The Hidden Rape Victim: Personality, Attitudinal, and Situational Characteristics

A hidden rape victim is one who has never reported her experience to a rape crisis center or to police. It has been estimated that only 10–50% of the rapes that actually occur are ever reported to authorities. Since most previous rape studies have selected samples from official sources, hidden victims have been overlooked. The goals of the present study were to describe the victimization experienced by hidden victims and to determine whether any psychological variables were related to victimization status. The psychological variables examined included personality, attitudinal, and situational characteristics relevant to the three major models of rape victimization: social control, victim precipitation, and situational blame. Subjects were 82 not sexually victimized, 37 low sexually victimized, 50 moderately victimized, and 62 highly sexually victimized women. Subjects completed questionnaires and participated in a one-to-one standardized interview. Data were analyzed via multivariate analysis of variance. Personality variables and attitudes did not differentiate the groups of women, while numerous situational variables did. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
The Effects of a Signal for free or for Earned Reward: Implications for the Role of Response-Reinforcer Associations in Instrumental Performance

Pearce and Hall (1978) investigated the effects of making a brief flash of light contingent upon response in rats lever-pressing for food on a variable-interval (VI) schedule. When this signal occurred in conjunction only with reinforced responses the response rate was lowered with respect to a condition in which an equal number of light flashes occurred uncorrelated with reinforcement. The experiments reported here compared these effects with those produced by signalling “free” food deliveries in a similar way. Experiments I and II compared the effects of presenting correlated and uncorrelated schedules of light and food to rats given no opportunity to lever-press. The different schedules did not produce differences in response rate when the levers were made available. In Experiment III, free food was delivered to rats responding on a VI schedule. Signalling the delivery of earned food pellets produced a low response rate in comparison with a condition in which the free pellets were signalled. It is concluded that signalling food delivery is effective only when the rat must respond to earn the food and it is argued that the signal has its effect by overshadowing a response-reinforcer association.
Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging-based evaluation of optic-radiation shape and position in meningioma

Employing magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, three-dimensional white-matter imaging and conventional magnetic resonance imaging can demonstrate the tumor parenchyma, peritumoral edema and compression on surrounding brain tissue. A color-coded tensor map and three-dimensional tracer diagram were applied to clearly display the optic-radiation location, course and damage. Results showed that the altered anisotropy values of meningioma patients corresponded with optic-radiation shape, size and position on both sides. Experimental findings indicate that the magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging technique is a means of tracing and clearly visualizing the optic radiation.
Temporal Lobe Cortical Electrical Stimulation during the Encoding and Retrieval Phase Reduces False Memories

A recent study found that false memories were reduced by 36% when low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to the left anterior temporal lobe after the encoding (study) phase. Here we were interested in the consequences on a false memory task of brain stimulation throughout the encoding and retrieval task phases. We used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) because it has been shown to be a useful tool to enhance cognition. Specifically, we examined whether tDCS can induce changes in a task assessing false memories. Based on our preliminary results, three conditions of stimulation were chosen: anodal left/cathodal right anterior temporal lobe (ATL) stimulation (“bilateral stimulation”); anodal left ATL stimulation (with a large contralateral cathodal electrode – referred as “unilateral stimulation”) and sham stimulation. Our results showed that false memories were reduced significantly after the two active conditions (unilateral and bilateral stimulation) as compared with sham stimulation. There were no significant changes in veridical memories. Our findings show that false memories are reduced by 73% when anodal tDCS is applied to the anterior temporal lobes throughout the encoding and retrieval stages, suggesting a possible strategy for improving certain aspects of learning.
Histogram-based traffic anomaly detection

Identifying network anomalies is essential in enterprise and provider networks for diagnosing events, like attacks or failures, that severely impact performance, security, and Service Level Agreements (SLAs). Feature-based anomaly detection models (ab)normal network traffic behavior by analyzing different packet header features, like IP addresses and port numbers. In this work, we describe a new approach to feature-based anomaly detection that constructs histograms of different traffic features, models histogram patterns, and identifies deviations from the created models. We assess the strengths and weaknesses of many design options, like the utility of different features, the construction of feature histograms, the modeling and clustering algorithms, and the detection of deviations. Compared to previous feature-based anomaly detection approaches, our work differs by constructing detailed histogram models, rather than using coarse entropy-based distribution approximations. We evaluate histogram-based anomaly detection and compare it to previous approaches using collected network traffic traces. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique in identifying a wide range of anomalies. The assessed technical details are generic and, therefore, we expect that the derived insights will be useful for similar future research efforts.
Dexmedetomidine for Controlled Hypotension In Middle Ear Surgery with Low-Flow Anesthesia Controlled Hypotension with Low-Flow Anesthesia

Objectives: Controlled hypotension is commonly used to achieve a bloodless operative field which is needed for successful middle ear surgery. Dexmedetomidine can be a potential agent in controlled hypotension. In this study we investigated efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to induce controlled hypotension in tympanoplasty with low-flow anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Forty patients undergoing middle ear surgery were studied. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and vecuronium bromide. Maintenance of anesthesia was achieved by 1.5 % isoflurane delivered in mixture of O2 and N2O, 4.4 L.per minute for 10 min and then flow rate was reduced to 1 L.min-1 and isoflurane concentration increased 2 %. Group Dexmedetomidine (In Group D, n=20), Dexmedetomidine (0,1µg.kg-1.min-1 for 10 minutes) was administered before induction and continued with a rate between 0,2-0,7 µg. kg-1.h-1 and Group Saline (Group S, n=20) received normal saline with a rate of 50 ml.h-1. Infusions were stopped with the end of microsurgery. Twenty minutes before the replacement of tympanic membrane greft, N2O was discontinued and then the patients were extubated. Hemodynamic parameters, quality of the surgical field and surgeonʼs satisfaction were evaluated. Results: Demographic and hemodynamic data, the quality of the surgical field and surgeonʼs satisfaction were similar in both groups. Desired level of hypotension was achieved at the 5 th minute in group D, but in group S it couldnʼt be achieved until the 30th minute. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was effective in inducing consistent and sustained controlled hypotension in low-flow anesthesia during middle ear microsurgery.
A Temporal Planning System for Durative Actions of PDDL2.1

Many planning domains have temporal features that can be expressed using durations associated with actions. Unfortunately, the conservative model of actions used in many existing temporal planners is not adequate for some domains which require more expressive models. Level 3 of PDDL2.1 introduces a model of durative actions that includes local conditions and effects to be satisfied at different times during the execution of the actions, thereby giving the planner greater freedom to exploit concurrent actions. This paper presents a temporal planning system which combines the principles of Graphplan and TGP in order to plan with such actions. Although the system is consequently more complex than TGP, the experimental results demonstrate it remains feasible as a way to deal with durative actions.
Decentralized Motion Coordination for a Formation of Rovers

In this paper, a decentralized formation control is proposed which enables collision free coordination and navigation of agents. We present a simple method to define the formation of multi-agents and individual identities (IDs) of agents. Two decentralized coordination and navigation techniques are proposed for the formation of rovers. Agents decide their own behaviors onboard depending upon the motion initiative of the master agent of the formation. In these approaches, any agent can estimate behavior of other agents in the formation. These will reduce the dependency of individual agent on other agents while taking decisions. These approaches reduce the communication burden on the formation where only the master agent broadcasts its motion status per sampled time. Any front agent can act as a master agent without affecting the formation in case of fault in initial master agent. The main idea of this paper is to develop an adequate computational model under which agents in the formation will perform to coordinate among each other. Assignments of IDs to agents are very useful in real-time applications. These proposed schemes are suitable for obstacle avoidance in unknown environment as a whole formation. Agents are free from collision among each other during navigation. These schemes can be used for velocity as well as orientation alignment problems for a multi-agent rover network. These schemes are tested with extensive simulations and responses of agents show satisfactory performances to deal with different environmental conditions.
Do photobleached fluorescent microtubules move?: re-evaluation of fluorescence laser photobleaching both in vitro and in growing Xenopus axon

We previously documented differences in the behavior of microtubules in growing axons of two types of neurons, adult mouse sensory neurons and Xenopus embryonal spinal cord neurons. Namely, the bulk of microtubules was stationary in mouse sensory neurons both by the method of photoactivation of caged-fluorescein-labeled tubulin and photobleaching of fluorescein-labeled tubulin, but the bulk of microtubules did translocate anterogradely by the method of photoactivation. Although these results indicated that the stationary nature of photobleached microtubules in mouse neurons is not an artifact derived from the high levels of energy required for the procedure, it has not yet been settled whether the photobleaching method can detect the movement of microtubules properly. Here we report photobleaching experiments on growing axons of Xenopus embryonal neurons. Anterograde movement of photobleached microtubules was observed at a frequency and translocation rate similar to the values determined by the method of photoactivation. Our results suggest that, under appropriate conditions, the photobleaching method is able to reveal the behavior of microtubules as accurately as the photoactivation method.
Rumination in migraine: Mediating effects of brooding and reflection between migraine and psychological distress

Objective: The relationship between migraine and psychological distress has been consistently reported in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. We hypothesised that a stable tendency to perseverative thoughts such as rumination would mediate the relationship between migraine and psychological distress. Design and Main Outcomes Measures: Self-report questionnaires measuring depressive rumination, current psychological distress and migraine symptoms in two independent European population cohorts, recruited from Budapest (N = 1139) and Manchester (N = 2004), were used. Structural regression analysis within structural equation modelling was applied to test the mediational role of brooding and reflection, the components of rumination, between migraine and psychological distress. Sex, age and lifetime depression were controlled for in the analysis. Results: Migraine predicted higher brooding and reflection scores, and brooding proved to be a mediator between migraine and psychological distress in both samples, while reflection mediated the relationship significantly only in the Budapest sample. Conclusions: Elevated psychological distress in migraine is partially attributed to ruminative response style. Further studies are needed to expand our findings to clinical samples and to examine how rumination links to the adjustment to migraine.
Pretreatment of hybrid poplar by aqueous ammonia

Enzymatic hydrolysis of hybrid poplar treated by ammonia recycle percolation (ARP) was studied applying cellulase enzyme supplemented with additional xylanase or pectinase. The effect of xylanase addition was much more significant than pectinase addition. Conversion of ARP‐treated hybrid poplar to ethanol was carried out by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and SS and cofermentation (SSCF). The maximum ethanol yield observed from the SSCF experiment was 78% of theoretical maximum based on the total carbohydrate (glucan + xylan). The same feedstock was also treated by soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), a batch pretreatment process with lower severity than ARP. The test results indicated that relatively high severity is required to attain acceptable level of digestibility of hybrid poplar. In order to lower the severity of the pretreatment, addition of H2O2 was attempted in the SAA. Addition of H2O2 significantly enhanced delignification of hybrid poplar due to its oxidative degradation of lignin. Several different H2O2 feeding schemes and different temperature profiles were attempted in operation of the SAA to investigate the effects of H2O2 on degradation of lignin and carbohydrates in hybrid poplar. More than 60% of lignin in hybrid poplar was removed with stepwise‐increase of temperature (60–120°C after 4h of reaction). Increase of carbohydrate degradation was also observed under this condition. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2009
The Ising model on trees: boundary conditions and mixing time

We give the first comprehensive analysis of the effect of boundary conditions on the mixing time of the Glauber dynamics for the Ising model. Specifically, we show that the mixing time on an n-vertex regular tree with (+) boundary remains O(n log n) at all temperatures (in contrast to the free boundary case, where the mixing time is not bounded by any fixed polynomial at low temperatures). We also show that this bound continues to hold in the presence of an arbitrary external field. Our results are actually stronger, and provide tight bounds on the log-Sobolev constant and the spectral gap of the dynamics. In addition, our methods yield simpler proofs and stronger results for the mixing time in the regime where it is insensitive to the boundary condition. Our techniques also apply to a much wider class of models, including those with hard constraints like the antiferromagnetic Potts model at zero temperature (colorings) and the hard-core model (independent sets).