Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the clinical utility of multi-omics data for predicting serous ovarian cancer prognosis

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterised by heterogeneity that complicates the prediction of patient survival and treatment outcomes. Here, we conducted analyses to predict the prognosis of patients from the Genomic Data Commons database and validated the predictions by fivefold cross-validation and by using an independent dataset in the International Cancer Genome Consortium database. We analysed the somatic DNA mutation, mRNA expression, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression data of 1203 samples from 599 serous ovarian cancer (SOC) patients. We found that principal component transformation (PCT) improved the predictive performance of the survival and therapeutic models. Deep learning algorithms also showed better predictive power than the decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF). Furthermore, we identified a series of molecular features and pathways that are associated with patient survival and treatment outcomes. Our study provides perspective on building reliable prognostic and therapeutic strategies and further illuminates the molecular mechanisms of SOC. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Recent studies have focussed on predicting cancer outcomes based on omics data. But the limitation is the performance of single-platform genomic analyses or the small numbers of genomic analyses. What do the results of this study add? We analysed multi-omics data, found that principal component transformation (PCT) significantly improved the predictive performance of the survival and therapeutic models. Deep learning algorithms also showed better predictive power than did decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF). Furthermore, we identified a series of molecular features and pathways that are associated with patient survival and treatment outcomes. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our study provides perspective on how to build reliable prognostic and therapeutic strategies and further illuminates the molecular mechanisms of SOC for future studies.
Monogenic disease analysis establishes that fetal insulin accounts for half of human fetal growth

To the Editor: Extremes in birth weight are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of cardiometabolic disease. Fetal insulin has long been recognized as an important regulator of fetal growth, but the overall contribution of fetal insulin to birth weight in humans has not been quantified. Single-gene mutations resulting in absent fetal insulin secretion provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of fetal insulin on birth weight in humans. We sought to quantify the role of fetal insulin in fetal growth by studying birth weights in individuals without fetal insulin, either due to recessive loss-of-function mutations in the INS gene or pancreatic agenesis (Supplemental Methods and Supplemental Tables 1 and 2 for clinical details and genetics, respectively; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI165402DS1). We also investigated whether reduced insulin-mediated fetal growth affected postnatal growth once insulin was replaced. The study was approved by the Wales Research Ethics Committee (17/WA/0327). P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and specific statistical tests are detailed in Figure 1. In the absence of fetal insulin birth weight is halved in humans. There was a substantial, global reduction in fetal growth in the absence of fetal insulin (Figure 1A and Supplemental Tables 1 and 3). Mean birth weight adjusted to 40 weeks’ gestation was 51% of normal […]
Dysfunctions associated with the intraparietal sulcus and a distributed network in individuals with math learning difficulties: An ALE meta‐analysis

Math learning difficulty (MLD) is a learning disorder characterized by persistent impairments in the understanding and application of numbers independent of intelligence or schooling. The current study aims to review existing neuroimaging studies to characterize the neurobiological basis in MLD for their quantity and arithmetic dysfunctions. We identified a total of 24 studies with 728 participants through the literature. Using the activation likelihood estimate (ALE) method, we found that the most consistent neurobiological dysfunction in MLD was observed in the right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) with distinct patterns of the anterior and posterior aspects. Meanwhile, neurobiological dysfunctions were also observed in a distributed network including the fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, insula, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and claustrum. Our results suggest a core dysfunction in the right anterior IPS and left fusiform gyrus with atypically upregulated functions in brain regions for attention, working memory, visual processing, and motivation, serving as the neurobiological basis of MLD.
Seleção de variáveis e classificação de padrões por redes neurais como auxílio ao diagnóstico de cardiopatia isquêmica

This study proposes a methodology, established in quantitative procedures, to assist the diagnostic of individuals with heart disease. The results obtained in this study using "Neural Networks" had been compared with the results of other authors. A percentage of average correct diagnosis of 91.0 % was reached, whereas other studies using the same database had reached until 83.5 %. Others techniques of classification of standards known in literature had also been used, called "Discriminate Analysis" and "C4.5 Algorithm", to establish comparisons with the results obtained here using "Neural Networks". The methodology of division of the sets of training/generalization suggested promoted improvements in all the three used techniques of classification of standards, with the "Neural Networks" showing the best performance.
APPLICATION OF SEMIPARAMETRIC REGRESSION MODELS IN THE ANALYSIS OF CAPTURE‐RECAPTURE EXPERIMENTS

If the capture probabilities in a capture‐recapture experiment depend on covariates, parametric models may be fitted and the population size may then be estimated. Here a semiparametric model for the capture probabilities that allows both continuous and categorical covariates is developed. Kernel smoothing and profile estimating equations are used to estimate the nonparametric and parametric components. Analytic forms of the standard errors are derived, which allows an empirical bias bandwidth selection procedure to be used to estimate the bandwidth. The method is evaluated in simulations and is applied to a real data set concerning captures of Prinia flaviventris, which is a common bird species in Southeast Asia.
Thioredoxin‐1 regulates the autophagy induced by oxidative stress through LC3‐II in human lens epithelial cells

Oxidative stress plays a major role in age‐related cataract development. The cellular antioxidant protein thioredoxin‐1 (Trx‐1) and its negative regulator, thioredoxin binding protein‐2 (TBP‐2), are pivotal in the cellular redox balance during oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Trx‐1 and TBP‐2 on LC3 I/LC3 II in oxidative stress‐induced autophagy in human lens epithelial cells (LECs). In our study, LECs were treated with 50 μM H2O2 for different durations, and the expression of Trx‐1 and TBP‐2 were measured by RT‐PCR and Western blot. Trx‐1 activity was evaluated by the thioredoxin activity fluorescent assay. The subcellular localization of Trx‐1 and TBP‐2 was evaluated by cellular immunofluorescence. The interaction between Trx‐1 and TBP‐2 was examined by co‐immunoprecipitation. The cell viability was detected using CCK‐8, and the expression of LC3‐II/LC3‐I was detected to evaluate the autophagy. The results showed that the mRNA levels of the Trx‐1 and TBP‐2 were kinetically changed after treatment with H2O2 for different durations. Exposure to H2O2 increased the expression of TBP‐2 but not Trx‐1, while the exposure inhibited Trx‐1 activity. TBP‐2 was co‐localized with Trx‐1, and exposure to H2O2 increased the interaction between TBP‐2 and Trx‐1. Trx‐1 overexpression enhanced the autophagic response under normal circumstances and it might regulate autophagy in the initial phase. This study demonstrates the differential role of Trx‐1 in cellular oxidative stress response, oxidative stress increased Trx‐1 interaction with TBP‐2, and Trx‐1/TBP‐2 regulated the autophagic response in the initial phase through LC3‐II.
Phytochemical Profiling, in Vitro Biological Activities and in Silico Molecular Docking Studies of the Crude Extract of Crambe orientalis, an Endemic Plant in Turkey

In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid analyses of flower, leaf, and stem aqueous extracts of C. orientalis were performed. Total phenolic contents of C. orientalis extracts ranged from 12.2±0.06 to 19.0±0.07 mg GAE/g extract. Total flavonoid values range between 2.0±0.11 and 6.6±0.19 mg CE/g extract. Urease, collagenase, tyrosinase, and α‐glucosidase inhibition activities were determined in vitro and the relationship between them was examined. IC50 results for all enzymes were obtained between 0.18 and 3.53 μg/mL. The aqueous extract of the plant C. orientalis showed potent cytotoxic effects against the human colon cancer cell lines DLD‐1. As the extract concentration increases, cell death increases. The main fatty acid composition by GC/MS analysis is erucic acid (36.5 %). The potential binding modes of the fatty acids in the plant extract to the enzymes and possible inhibition mechanisms were determined by molecular docking calculation.
Status and Determinants of Early Detection of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions in India

It has been over four decades since the launch of the National Cancer Control Programme in India, yet the cancer screening rates for oral cancer remain unremarkable. Moreover, India is bracing a large burden of oral cancer with poor survival rates. An effective public health programme implementation relies on a multitude of factors related to cost-effective evidence-based interventions, the healthcare delivery system, public health human resource management, community behaviour, partnership with stakeholders, identifying opportunities and political commitment. In this context, we discuss the various challenges in the early detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions and potential solutions.
Regression Approach to Software Reliability Models

In this work, linear regression methods are applied to study the software reliability properties. In particular, predictive properties of the mean time to failure for modeling the patterns of software failure times are explained using the regression approach. These methods are applied to three different failure time data sets. The predictive accuracy of the mean time between failure estimates is measured using the mean square error and mean absolute value difference. These error measures are also derived using the maximum likelihood estimates. A comparison of these predictive errors with some of the previous works from the literature is given. The goodness-of-fit-tests for model validation are performed. In order to decide on model preference, evaluative criteria such as the mean magnitude of errors are also computed for the suggested models.
Application of nanofibrous protein for the purification of contaminated water as a next generational sorption technology: a review

Globally, wastes from agricultural and industrial activities cause water pollution. Pollutants such as microbes, pesticides, and heavy metals in contaminated water bodies beyond their threshold limits result in several diseases like mutagenicity, cancer, gastrointestinal problems, and skin or dermal issues when bioaccumulated via ingestion and dermal contacts. Several technologies have been used in modern times to treat wastes or pollutants such as membrane purification technologies and ionic exchange methods. However, these methods have been recounted to be capital intensive, non-eco-friendly, and need deep technical know-how to operate thus, contributing to their inefficiencies and non-efficacies. This review work evaluated the application of Nanofibrils-protein for the purification of contaminated water. Findings from the study indicated that Nanofibrils protein is economically viable, green, and sustainable when used for water pollutant management or removal because they have outstanding recyclability of wastes without resulting in a secondary phase-pollutant. It is recommended to use residues from dairy industries, agriculture, cattle guano, and wastes from a kitchen in conjunction with nanomaterials to develop nanofibrils protein which has been recounted for the effective removal of micro and micropollutants from wastewater and water. The commercialization of nanofibrils protein for the purification of wastewater and water against pollutants has been tied to novel methods in nanoengineering technology, which depends strongly on the environmental impact in the aqueous ecosystem. So, there is a need to establish a legal framework for the establishment of a nano-based material for the effective purification of water against pollutants.
Patient longevity and survival with custom-made endovascular solutions: The Fenestrated AnacondaTM approach

Background Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has become the mainstay treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms and is associated with excellent clinical outcomes. However, there remains a risk of complications requiring reintervention. Several EVAR devices exist commercially, yet, the Terumo Aortic Fenestrated Anaconda™ has demonstrated outstanding results. The main scope of this study is to evaluate survival/longevity, target vessel patency (TVP), endograft migration and reintervention following Fenestrated Anaconda™ implantation and discuss relevant literature. Methods The current study represents a 9-year cross-sectional international analysis of custom-made Fenestrated Anaconda™ device. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 28 for Windows and R was utilised. Pearson Chi-Square analysis was used to assess differences in cumulative distribution frequencies between variables. Statistical significance for all two-tailed tests was set at p < 0.05. Results A total of 5058 patients received the Fenestrated Anaconda™ endograft. The Fenestrated Anaconda™ was indicated either due to complex anatomy for competitor devices (n = 3891, 76.9%) or based on surgeon preference (n = 1167, 23.1%). Both survival and TVP were 100% during the first 6 postoperative years but dropped to 77.1% and 81% thereafter. In the complex anatomy indication group, cumulative survival and TVP were both 100% until year 7 post-EVAR when they decreased to 82.8% and 75.7%. In the other indication group, survival and TVP were also 100% during the first 6 years but plateaued at 58.1% and 98.8% in years 7–9 of follow-up. No cases of endograft migration and reintervention were recorded. Conclusion The Fenestrated Anaconda™ has been proven across the literature to be a highly effective EVAR endograft, as it has demonstrated excellent survival/longevity and TVP as well as minimal endograft migration and reintervention.
Alcohol Use Severity, Anger and Drinking Motives among Firefighters

Abstract Background: Firefighters represent an understudied population with high rates of hazardous alcohol use and alcohol use disorder. This population is also at an increased risk of mental health disorders and related symptoms such as anger. Anger is a relatively understudied negative mood state with clinical relevance to alcohol use among firefighters. Anger is associated with greater alcohol use and may spur more approach-motivated reasons for drinking compared to other negative emotions. Objectives: This study sought to examine: 1. whether anger significantly contributes to alcohol use severity in firefighters above and beyond general negative mood; 2. which of four validated drinking motives (e.g., coping, social, enhancement and conformity) act as moderators in the relationship between anger and alcohol use severity in this population. The current study is a secondary analysis of data from a larger study examining health and stress behaviors among firefighters (N = 679) at a large urban fire department in the southern United States. Results: Results revealed that anger was positively associated with alcohol use severity, even after controlling for general negative mood. Further, social and enhancement motives for drinking were significant moderators of the relationship between anger and alcohol use severity. Conclusions: These findings identify anger specifically as an important factor to be considered when assessing alcohol use in firefighters, especially those who are drinking to make social experiences more enjoyable or to enhance their mood. These findings can be used to inform more specialized interventions for alcohol use by targeting anger more specifically in firefighters and other male-dominated first-responder populations.
Dynamical Evolution of the Northern Stratosphere in Early Winter 1991/92, as Observed by the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder

Abstract Dynamical fields based on temperature measurements from the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite are presented for the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere for the period 28 October 1991 through 18 January 1992. Interpretation of these fields gives a picture of the dynamical evolution of this period in terms of the zonal-mean fields and the synoptic structures. Among the features of interest are the movements of the zonal-mean jets and several periods of stratospheric warming, culminating in a near-major warming in January.
Spontaneous nucleation and fast aggregate-dependent proliferation of α-synuclein aggregates within liquid condensates at neutral pH

Significance It has been recently shown that the speed of the conversion of α-synuclein from its native state into amyloid fibrils can be greatly enhanced by the formation of an intermediate dense liquid state formed through phase separation. The corresponding mechanism, however, remains to be fully characterized. In this work, we use a combination of fluorescence microscopy, microfluidics, and chemical kinetics to determine the microscopic rate constants for the primary nucleation and aggregate-dependent proliferation at neutral pH of α-synuclein fibrils. The approach that we report facilitates the study of the aggregation process of α-synuclein under physiological conditions and of its relationship with Parkinson’s disease and related synucleinopathies.
Thermodynamics of the degenerate supersymmetric t-J model in one dimension

The one-dimensional SU(N)-invariant t-J model consists of electrons with N spin components on a lattice with nearest-neighbour hopping and spin exchange J. The multiple occupancy of the lattice sites is excluded. The model is integrable at the supersymmetric point, t=J. The discrete Bethe ansatz equations are analysed and the solutions are classified according to the string hypothesis. The thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations are derived for arbitrary band filling in terms of thermodynamic energy potentials for the classes of eigenstates of the Hamiltonian. These equations are solved in limiting cases, e.g., S=1/2, the ground state and the high-temperature limit. If the charge fluctuations are suppressed the Bethe ansatz equations map onto those of the SU(N)-invariant Heisenberg chain.
Paternal sleep deprivation induces metabolic perturbations in male offspring via altered LRP5 DNA methylation of pancreatic islets

Diabetes and metabolic perturbation are global health challenges. Sleep insufficiency may trigger metabolic dysregulation leading to diabetes. However, the intergenerational transmission of this environmental information is not clearly understood. The research objective was to determine the possible effect of paternal sleep deprivation on the metabolic phenotype of the offspring and to investigate the underlying mechanism of epigenetic inheritance. Male offspring of sleep‐deprived fathers exhibit glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion. In these SD‐F1 offspring, a reduction in beta cell mass and proliferation of beta cells were observed. Mechanistically, in pancreatic islets of SD‐F1 offspring, we identified alterations in DNA methylation at the promoter region of the LRP5 (LDL receptor related protein 5) gene, a coreceptor of Wnt signaling, resulting in downregulation of downstream effectors cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and Ctnnb1. Restoration of Lrp5 in the pancreas of SD‐F1 male mice could improve impaired glucose tolerance and expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and Ctnnb1. This study might significantly contribute to our understanding of the effects of sleeplessness on health and metabolic disease risk from the perspective of the heritable epigenome.
Comparison of oceanic winds measured by space-borne scatterometers and altimeters

Global ocean surface wind speeds from Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) for 5 years (2005–2009) and from Oceansat-2 Scatterometer (OSCAT) for 1 year (2010) were compared with wind speeds estimated from JASON Altimeters for representative months to investigate the consistency in wind speeds between these sensors. The comparison was carried out through statistical analyses. The spatial window used for comparison with JASON was 0.25° for QuikSCAT and 0.5° for OSCAT, while the temporal window for both QuikSCAT and OSCAT was ±30 min. The results of the inter-comparison indicate that OSCAT wind speeds are almost as consistent with JASON as QuikSCAT wind speeds.
Lamb Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Laminates

The wave propagation in arbitrary anisotropic laminates is investigated on the basis of an exact theory. The dispersion relations of Lamb waves are determined for graphite/epoxy symmetric angle-ply laminates and hybrid composite ones which consist of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy layers. The dispersion and anisotropy of phase velocities for fundamental modes are discussed in detail. The energy distributions in the thickness direction of laminates are calculated for each kind of Lamb wave. A hybrid composite laminate is found to have better capability in absorbing impact energy by analyzing the strain energy distribution during the wave propagation. The results of the strain energy distribution are useful in determining the arrangement and the fiber orientation of the layers of hybrid composite laminates.
The Vertical Structure of Mesoscale Convective Vortices

Abstract Simulations of two cases of developing mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) are examined to determine the dynamics governing the origin and vertical structure of these features. Although one case evolves in strong vertical wind shear and the other evolves in modest shear, the evolutions are remarkably similar. In addition to the well-known mesoscale convergence that spins up vorticity in the midtroposphere, the generation of vorticity in the lower troposphere occurs along the convergent outflow boundary of the parent mesoscale convective system (MCS). Lateral transport of this vorticity from the convective region back beneath the midtropospheric vorticity center is important for obtaining a deep column of cyclonic vorticity. However, this behavior would be only transient without a secondary phase of vorticity growth in the lower troposphere that results from a radical change in the divergence profile favoring lower-tropospheric convergence. Following the decay of the nocturnal MCS, subsequent con.