Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and expression of Hop, an atypical homeobox gene expressed late in lens fiber cell terminal differentiation

Purpose To identify transcripts expressed late in lens fiber cell maturation that might regulate fiber cell fusion, organelle degradation, or other events associated with the maturation of lens fiber cells. Methods cDNA libraries were prepared from microdissected regions of chicken embryo lenses using a PCR-based method. Subtractive hybridization was used to identify transcripts expressed exclusively in fiber cells that had detached from the lens capsule. Database searches and PCR amplification with degenerate primers were used to identify human, mouse, rat, rabbit, and bovine orthologs of one such sequence and to confirm its expression in the lenses of these animals. The ability of in vitro-transcribed and translated protein to bind DNA was assessed by mobility shift assays. The locus encoding this transcript and an area about 6 kb upstream of the translation start site were sequenced. The microscopic morphology of lenses from mice in which the locus encoding this protein had been disrupted by the insertion of a nuclear-targeted bacterial lacZ sequence were analyzed. Gene expression was analyzed by PCR, in situ hybridization, and by staining for β-galactosidase activity in lenses expressing lacZ in place of the coding sequence. Knockout lenses expressing green fluorescent protein in a mosaic pattern were sectioned in the equatorial plane and viewed with a confocal microscope to assess the presence of cell-cell fusions during fiber cell maturation. Results Subtractive hybridization identified transcripts encoding Hop, a short, atypical homeodomain-containing protein that had previously been shown to be an important regulator of gene expression in the heart and lung. Chicken Hop did not bind to known homeodomain-binding sequences in DNA. In chicken embryos, Hop transcripts were first detected at E6. At all stages analyzed, Hop mRNA was only detected in cells that had detached from the lens capsule. Mice in which the Hop coding sequence was replaced with nuclear-targeted β-galactosidase showed that Hop was expressed in the mouse lens in a similar pattern to the chicken lens. Characterization of lenses from mice lacking Hop revealed no morphological phenotype and no apparent defects in the degradation of nuclei or fiber cell fusion during fiber cell maturation. Conclusions The expression pattern of Hop provides the first evidence that new transcription is initiated in lens fiber cells after they detach from the capsule. Hop may be the first of a class of genes with this pattern of expression. Although lens abnormalities have yet to be identified in mice lacking Hop, the genomic sequences that regulate Hop expression in the lens may be useful for expressing exogenous transcripts selectively in fiber cells just before they fuse with their neighbors and degrade their organelles.
Expanding the Study of the Formation of the Child's Relationships.

As a set, the reports included in this Monograph seek to expand the conceptualization and study of attachment. The editors and authors have indeed done an excellent job of presenting the "new growing points" within this field. My comments will focus on three of the issues that they raise: (1) How do we continue the study and conceptualization of secure-base behavior? (2) How do we take into account the multiple-relationship context of attachment? (3) How do we expand our conceptualization of attachment to include variations in individual adaptations and the development of relationships? Two statements that John Bowlby made during our many exciting conversations serve as an introduction to these comments. When I expressed discomfort with the reduction of attachment to five behavioral responses, he answered that the scientific study of essential phenomena requires some simplification; later conceptualization and further research involve revision and a better fit. He also often joked with me: "Jimmy Robertson, you, Miss Freud, and I can pretty much agree on how children respond to being separated from their mothers. It is when we come to interpret these responses that we get into difficulty. "
A Privacy-Preserving QoS Prediction Framework for Web Service Recommendation

QoS-based Web service recommendation has recently gained much attention for providing a promising way to help users find high-quality services. To facilitate such recommendations, existing studies suggest the use of collaborative filtering techniques for personalized QoS prediction. These approaches, by leveraging partially observed QoS values from users, can achieve high accuracy of QoS predictions on the unobserved ones. However, the requirement to collect users' QoS data likely puts user privacy at risk, thus making them unwilling to contribute their usage data to a Web service recommender system. As a result, privacy becomes a critical challenge in developing practical Web service recommender systems. In this paper, we make the first attempt to cope with the privacy concerns for Web service recommendation. Specifically, we propose a simple yet effective privacy-preserving framework by applying data obfuscation techniques, and further develop two representative privacy-preserving QoS prediction approaches under this framework. Evaluation results from a publicly-available QoS dataset of real-world Web services demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our privacy-preserving QoS prediction approaches. We believe our work can serve as a good starting point to inspire more research efforts on privacy-preserving Web service recommendation.
A Call Graph Mining and Matching Based Defect Localization Technique

Locating defects in the source code of a software system is one of the most challenging tasks in software debugging. Defect localization tools aim to assist developers in finding the location of defects. Both static and dynamic analysis approaches are used. In the case of dynamic approaches, two different scenarios apply. The first is one in which we have multiple (different) executions that exhibit the faulty behavior. The second is one in which we have just a single faulty execution. This is the focus of this paper. In this paper, we present a novel technique for localization of structure-affecting defects (i.e., defects that make an execution diverge from the expected path, thus creating unexpected dynamic call graphs), using tree mining and tree matching techniques. Given a target system and a failing test case, the proposed technique finds methods in the source code of the system which are likely to have caused the failure (i.e., defective) or lie on the same path in the dynamic call tree representation of the failing execution as the defective methods, and thus can be used as a starting point to find the defective method(s). The proposed defect localization technique is implemented as a prototype and evaluated using four subject programs of various sizes, developed in Java or C. Our experiments show comparable results to similar defect localization tools, but unlike most of its counterparts, our technique does not require the availability of multiple failing executions to localize the defects. We believe that this is a major advantage, since it is often the case that we have only a single failing execution to work with.
“Africa, the tragedy; Africa, the challenge”* NEPAD and the new humanitarian agenda

Résumé L'action humanitaire est associée à la fourniture d'une assistance extérieure en temps de crise. Le « nouvel agenda humanitaire » fait valoir aue ce type d'action humanitaire est impropre à combattre de manière adéquate les causes profondes des crises. L'action humanitaire devrait plutôt être orientée vers le développement. Tel est le principal objectif du Nouveau Partenariat pour le développement de l'Afrique (NEPAD). De nombreux obstacles potentiels pourraient empêcher l'initiative de réaliser son objectif de régénération du continent. Celle-ci représente néanmoins quelque chose d'unique, et mérite donc l'attention – c'est une initiative d'inspiration africaine, qui tente d'imposer aux Africains la nécessité de véritablement reconnoître leurs responsabilités à l'égard de leurs concitoyens et du continent.
The Mozart Effect and Primary School Children

This study found some evidence for the existence of a Mozart Effect with upper-primary school-aged children in a school setting. Scores on a Paper Folding Task (PFT) for a class which listened to Mozart during testing were significantly higher than the PFT scores of a control class. Moreover, a similar result was obtained for another class which listened to Bach during testing. The musical educational experience of the children, ascertained by a Musical Background Questionnaire, did not significantly contribute to the variance in PFT scores. We believe that this study is the first to find a Mozart Effect for school children in a natural setting, in contrast to the original study of Rauscher, Shaw and Ky (1993) who examined the effects of listening to Mozart on the spatial task performance of university students in a laboratory.
Mapping the molecular interface between the sigma(70) subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase and T4 AsiA.

Bacteriophage T4 antisigma protein AsiA (10 kDa) orchestrates a switch from the host and early viral transcription to middle viral transcription by binding to the sigma(70) subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase. The molecular determinants of sigma(70)-AsiA complex formation are not known. Here, we used combinatorial peptide chemistry, protein-protein crosslinking, and mutational analysis to study the interaction between AsiA and its target, the 33 amino acid residues-long sigma(70) peptide containing conserved region 4.2. Many region 4.2 amino acid residues contact AsiA, which likely completely occludes the DNA-binding surface of region 4.2. Though none of region 4.2 amino acid residues is singularly responsible for the very tight interaction with AsiA, sigma(70) Lys593 and Arg596 which lie outside the putative DNA recognition element of region 4.2, contribute the most. In AsiA, the first 20 amino acid residues are both necessary and sufficient for interactions with sigma(70). Our results clarify details of sigma(70)-AsiA interaction and open the way for engineering AsiA derivatives with altered specificities.
The Evaluation of Situational Transaction Trust in E-Service Environments

Trust is a critical issue in e-commerce and e-service environments. In some applications (such as eBay), the trust management mechanism has been introduced to provide valuable information to buyers prior to placing orders and making payments. However, most studies and applications focus on determining the general trustworthiness of individuals but not providing transaction specific trust information that involves factors associated with forthcoming transactions. In this paper, we present a new concept - situational transaction trust, and propose a novel approach to evaluate it, which binds existing trust data with a new transaction. This can deliver more accurate trust information to buyers and prevent some typical attacks.
A New Look at Loffeld's Bistatic Formula in Tandem Configuration

A new way of looking at Loffeld's bistatic formula (LBF) is presented for tandem configuration in this letter. The factors that affect the precision of the spectrum are obtained through the comparison with another analytical one. It has been proved that the cosine of the half bistatic angle plays a more important role respect to the other factor, which is whether the baseline to range ratio is equal to the tangent of the half bistatic angle or not. As long as the cosine of the half bistatic angle is very close to one, the LBF spectrum is of high quality, and it does not have a direct influence by the length of the baseline (baseline-to-range ratio) or the size of the squint angle. The factors that affect the precision of the spectrum are discussed in detail through simulated experiments.
Increased Self-Actualization as a Result of an Intensive One Semester Academic Program.

AbstractThirty-four college undergraduates, not majoring in science, participated in an innovative program in the biological sciences. The program stressed applications of biology to social problems, and emphasized emotional as well as intellectual growth. Students took part in discussions, field trips, projects in the community, and encounter-type process groups. At the end of the program, participants showed significant increases on nine of (he twelve scales of the Personal Orientation Inventory, a measure of self-actualization. Greatest changes occurred in inner directedness and acceptance of their own aggression. The results indicate that the program met a broad spectrum of student needs, and support the efforts of those who are trying to include all aspects of personal growth in higher education.
Father Absence and Self Conception Among Lower Class White and Negro Boys

The effects of fatherlessness and race on the self conceptions of lower-class adolescent males is explored using the orientation of symbolic interactionism and the semantic differential for measurement. A distinction is made between actual and normative self and the categories of white and black, father-absent and father-present boys are examined. All categories exhibited significant differences between actual and normative self, but the magnitude of differences varies among categories: black father-absent boys have smaller differences than white father-absent boys; no difference between white and black father-present boys. The smaller differences of the black father-absent boys is the result of their more potent actual self conceptions. Several interpretations of these results are discussed.
Disclosure of the Culprits: Macrophages-Versatile Regulators of Wound Healing.

SIGNIFICANCE Macrophages are invariably present and tightly regulate all phases of adult wound healing, including inflammation, granulation tissue formation, and matrix deposition with the unavoidable outcome of scar formation. In response to environmental cues, macrophages mount a "classical" pro-inflammatory M1 activation as opposed to the "alternative" M2 phenotype, with wound macrophages having long been viewed as M2 macrophages. RECENT ADVANCES Recent studies rather point to large temporal and phenotypic variations of wound macrophages subsets. Therefore, a functional classification of macrophages according to wound-healing phases appears to better meet the in vivo complexity. In an ideal but simplistic scenario grossly reflecting normal wound healing, initial tissue injury induces inflammatory M1-like macrophages, which, upon engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils or in response to other inflammation dampening stimuli, switch toward anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages and further toward growth factor-producing pro-fibrotic M2a-like macrophages. Although not yet documented for skin wounds, a subset of metalloproteinase-producing fibrolytic M2c-like macrophages may contribute to fibrosis resolution. Recent work identified a diversity of novel macrophage phenotypes associated with normal and pathologic wound healing, most of them ranging out of the M1/M2 paradigm. Iron-overloaded M1-like macrophages represent such a novel phenotypic subset driving the non-healing state of chronic venous leg ulcers. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite growing evidence that macrophage dysfunctions are, at least in part, responsible for pathologic wound healing, including nonhealing wounds and excessive scar formation, these are hardly specifically addressed even by modern therapeutic strategies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS If characterized in sufficient detail, distinct macrophage subsets and their impaired functions provide ideal targets for improving wound healing.
X‐linked lissencephaly with absent corpus callosum and ambiguous genitalia (XLAG): Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropathological findings

X‐linked lissencephaly with absent corpus callosum and ambiguous genitalia is a newly recognized syndrome responsible for a severe neurological disorder of neonatal onset in boys. Based on the observations of 3 new cases, we confirm the phenotype in affected boys, describe additional MRI findings, report the neuropathological data, and show that carrier females may exhibit neurological and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities. In affected boys, consistent clinical features of X‐linked lissencephaly with absent corpus callosum and ambiguous genitalia are intractable epilepsy of neonatal onset, severe hypotonia, poor responsiveness, genital abnormalities, and early death. On magnetic resonance imaging, a gyration defect consisting of anterior pachygyria and posterior agyria with a moderately thickened brain cortex, dysplastic basal ganglia and complete agenesis of the corpus callosum are consistently found. Neuropathological examination of the brain shows a trilayered cortex containing exclusively pyramidal neurons, a neuronal migration defect, a disorganization of the basal ganglia, and gliotic and spongy white matter. Finally, females related to affected boys may have mental retardation and epilepsy, and they often display agenesis of the corpus callosum. These findings expand the phenotype of X‐linked lissencephaly with absent corpus callosum and ambiguous genitalia, may help in the detection of carrier females in affected families, and give arguments for a semidominant X‐linked mode of inheritance.
Applying general Bayesian techniques to improve TAN induction

Free Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) has shown to be competitive with state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms [3]. However, the TAN induction algorithm that appears in [3] can be improved in several ways. In this paper we identify three shortcomings in it and introduce two ideas to overcome those problems: the multinomial sampling approach to learning bayesian networks and local bayesian model averaging. These ideas approaches are generic and can thus be reused to improve other learning algorithms. We empirically test the new algorithms, and conclude that in most of the cases they lead to an improvement in accuracy in the classification and in the quality of the probabilities given as predictions.
Questions require an answer: A deductive perspective on questions and answers

Direct questions such as “Who saw Mary? ” intuitively request for a certain type of answer, for instance a noun phrase “John” or a quantified noun phrase such as “A man”. Following the structured meaning approach to questions, we propose an analysis of wh-questions in typelogical grammar that incorporates the requirement for a certain type of answer into the type assigned to wh-phrases. Interestingly, the syntactic and semantic decomposition leads to a derivability pattern between instances of wh-phrases. With this pattern we can explain the difference between wh-pronouns (‘who’) and wh-determiners (‘which’), and derive whquestions that require multiple answers.
Acoustic Dopplergram for Intruder Defense

In this paper, the concept of acoustic Dopplergram is introduced for active detection and tracking of an underwater vehicle from fixed platforms. Past experimental data collected at sea are used to illustrate the Dopplergram and determine the Doppler resolution as well as range resolution in target tracking. As an application, the Dopplergram will be used to detect a fast moving underwater intruder in a harbor environment for ship protection.
Biological maturity and primary school children's physical activity: Influence of different physical activity assessment instruments

Abstract Biological maturation may attenuate hypothesized sex differences in children's physical activity but overall the evidence for this is equivocal. In this study, we investigated how the selection of different physical activity assessment instruments affects the detected relationship between biological maturation and late primary school children's physical activity. Altogether, 175 children (97 girls, 78 boys) aged 10.6±0.3 years completed the PAQ-C self-report questionnaire and wore ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers for 5 consecutive days. Maturity status was predicted by estimating attainment of age at peak height velocity. Following initial exploration of sex differences in PAQ-C (t-test) and multiple ActiGraph outcome variables (MANOVA), the influence of maturity status was controlled using ANCOVA and MANCOVA. Unadjusted analyses revealed that boys were significantly more active than girls according to the PAQ-C (P<0.0001, d=0.52) and ActiGraph (P<0.0001, d=0.36–0.72). After controlling for maturity status, the differences in PAQ-C scores increased (P=0.001, d=0.64), but the significant differences disappeared for the ActiGraph data (P=0.36, d=0.17–0.33). The detected relationship between maturity status and late primary school children's physical activity is dependent on the physical activity assessment tool employed, reflecting the different aspects of physical activity captured by the respective measures.
The Plan for Donations or “Don’tations”

This case was developed for use in a course on entrepreneurial education that focuses on leadership. Background from Blue Stone University, including information on its mission, organizational structure, metrics, entrepreneurial programs, and stakeholders, is presented. This case explores how a school within a university approached the creation of an entrepreneurship center as a result of a substantial alumni donation. Students must analyze the scenario from the viewpoint of various stakeholders, identify pros and cons of the evolution of the entrepreneurship programs within the school and the university, and brainstorm alternative approaches for future donation-based center creation at Blue Stone University.
School‐based management and paradigm shift in education: an empirical study

Purpose – This paper aims to report empirical research investigating how school‐based management (SBM) and paradigm shift (PS) in education are closely related to teachers' student‐centered teaching and students' active learning in a sample of Hong Kong secondary schools.Design/methodology/approach – It is a cross‐sectional survey research involving 31 secondary schools, 1,119 teachers and 7,063 students with seven sets of questionnaires: three for students, three for teachers and one for principals.Findings – The results of analysis indicate the following findings. The greater tendency towards SBM of a school associates with the greater extent of PS from the site‐bounded paradigm towards the triplization paradigm in education. Both the measures of SBM and PS in education are closed related to teachers' student‐centered teaching (in terms of facilitating student learning, facilitating student thinking and facilitating student self‐reflection and assessment) and students' active learning (in terms of posit.