Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONFIGURING MISR-BASED TWO-PATTERN BIST USING BOOLEAN SATISFIABILITY

Most known two-pattern BIST architectures require prohibitive test application times in order to obtain high delay fault coverage. In an earlier work, a BIST TPG block based on a MISR expanding input vectors into test sequences of length has been refined such that shorter sequences could be used. By doing so, spectacular reductions of test application time were achieved. However, the procedures for computing input vectors were based on BDD-backed state traversal or extensive simulation, and their run-time requirements were tremendous. In this work, we propose a SAT-based input vector generation method, which leads to test application times that are similar to the earlier method, but with significantly reduced computational effort. For the first time, we present experimental results for larger ISCAS benchmarks, which previous methods could not treat. Furthermore, we discuss the application of our method when the requirement to apply the complete test pair set is relaxed.
Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation Endothelial influences on cerebrovascular tone

Andresen, Jon, Nadeem I. Shafi, and Robert M. Bryan Jr. Endothelial influences on cerebrovascular tone. J Appl Physiol 100: 318–327, 2006; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00937. 2005. —The cerebrovascular endothelium exerts a profound influence on cerebral vessels and cerebral blood flow. This review summarizes current knowledge of various dilator and constrictor mechanisms intrinsic to the cerebrovascular endothelium. The endothelium contributes to the resting tone of cerebral arteries and arterioles by tonically releasing nitric oxide (NO). Dilations can occur by stimulated release of NO, endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor, or prostanoids. During pathological conditions, the dilator influence of the endothelium can turn to that of constriction by a variety of mechanisms, including decreased NO bioavailability and release of endothelin-1. The endothelium may participate in neurovascular coupling by conducting local dilations to upstream arteries. Further study of the cerebrovascular endothelium is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of pathological conditions, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
SCAN - speech content based audio navigator: a system overview

SCAN (Speech Content based Audio Navigator) is a spoken document retrieval system integrating speaker-independent, large-vocabulary speech recognition with information-retrieval to support query-based retrieval of information from speech archives. Initial development focused on the application of SCAN to the broadcast news domain. This paper provides an overview of this system, including a description of its graphical user interface which incorporates machine-generated speech transcripts to provide local contextual navigation and random access for browsing large speech databases.
Hubble Space Telescope imaging survey of sub-mJy star-forming galaxies — I. Morphologies at z ∼ 0.2

We present the first results of our Hubble Space TelescopeHST WFPC2 F814W snapshot imaging survey, targeting virtually all sub-mJy decimetric radio-selected star-forming galaxies. The radio selection at ∼1 GHz is free from extinction effects and the radio luminosities are largely unaffected by AGN contamination, making these galaxies ideal tracers of the cosmic star formation history. A subsample of four targets is presented here, selected at 1.4 GHz from the spectroscopically homogenous and complete samples of Benn et al. and Hopkins et al. The redshifts are confined to a narrow range around z ∼0.2, to avoid differential evolution, with a radio luminosity close to L * where the galaxies dominate the comoving volume-averaged star formation rate. We find clearly disturbed morphologies resembling those of ultraluminous infrared galaxies, indicating that galaxy interactions may be the dominant mechanism for triggering star formation at these epochs. The morphologies are also clearly different from those of coeval quasars and radio galaxies, as found in star-forming galaxies selected at other wavelengths. This may prove challenging for models that propose direct causal links between AGN evolution and the cosmic star formation history at these epochs. The asymmetries are typically much larger than seen in the Canada—France Redshift Survey at similar redshifts, optical luminosities and Hα -derived star formation rates, indicating the possible existence of an obscuration-related morphological bias in such samples.
The Age of Enlightenment: Evolving Opportunities in Brain Research Through Optical Manipulation of Neuronal Activity

Optical manipulation of neuronal activity has rapidly developed into the most powerful and widely used approach to study mechanisms related to neuronal connectivity over a range of scales. Since the early use of single site uncaging to map network connectivity, rapid technological development of light modulation techniques has added important new options, such as fast scanning photostimulation, massively parallel control of light stimuli, holographic uncaging, and two-photon stimulation techniques. Exciting new developments in optogenetics complement neurotransmitter uncaging techniques by providing cell-type specificity and in vivo usability, providing optical access to the neural substrates of behavior. Here we review the rapid evolution of methods for the optical manipulation of neuronal activity, emphasizing crucial recent developments.
Differential Producibility Analysis (DPA) of Transcriptomic Data with Metabolic Networks: Deconstructing the Metabolic Response of M. tuberculosis

A general paucity of knowledge about the metabolic state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the host environment is a major factor impeding development of novel drugs against tuberculosis. Current experimental methods do not allow direct determination of the global metabolic state of a bacterial pathogen in vivo, but the transcriptional activity of all encoded genes has been investigated in numerous microarray studies. We describe a novel algorithm, Differential Producibility Analysis (DPA) that uses a metabolic network to extract metabolic signals from transcriptome data. The method utilizes Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) to identify the set of genes that affect the ability to produce each metabolite in the network. Subsequently, Rank Product Analysis is used to identify those metabolites predicted to be most affected by a transcriptional signal. We first apply DPA to investigate the metabolic response of E. coli to both anaerobic growth and inactivation of the FNR global regulator. DPA successfully extracts metabolic signals that correspond to experimental data and provides novel metabolic insights. We next apply DPA to investigate the metabolic response of M. tuberculosis to the macrophage environment, human sputum and a range of in vitro environmental perturbations. The analysis revealed a previously unrecognized feature of the response of M. tuberculosis to the macrophage environment: a down-regulation of genes influencing metabolites in central metabolism and concomitant up-regulation of genes that influence synthesis of cell wall components and virulence factors. DPA suggests that a significant feature of the response of the tubercle bacillus to the intracellular environment is a channeling of resources towards remodeling of its cell envelope, possibly in preparation for attack by host defenses. DPA may be used to unravel the mechanisms of virulence and persistence of M. tuberculosis and other pathogens and may have general application for extracting metabolic signals from other “-omics” data.
Functional brain imaging and its application to uncover mechanisms driving food intake in humans

The control of food intake involves complex and powerful neural mechanisms whose functioning has critical repercussions for alimentary behaviours and the regulation of energy balance. Recent research also from cognitive neurosciences indicates that homeostatic (repletion-driven) and hedonic (reward-driven) systems in the brain concur in achieving an integrated regulation of human alimentary activity. Modern societal changes, related to unrestricted availability of energy-dense palatable foods at low costs and widespread presence of compelling alimentary cues, are considered to contribute to a food consumption driven mainly by hedonic properties rather than energy requirements, and result among the causes of worldwide obesity epidemics. Functional neuroimaging permits the exploration of the human brain systems involved under the different conditions of alimentary relevance, through the quantitative evaluation of regional blood flow, metabolic activation of defined cerebral networks or molecular bioavailability of brain receptors specifically traced. Such a framework of different imaging techniques appears uniquely suited to investigate the functional integration of the neural processes which underpin the interplay between homeostatic drive for feeding and the conscious experience of pleasure and reward concurring to the control of food intake. Therefore, these techniques provide an invaluable tool in gaining a detailed comprehension of physiology underlying alimentary behaviours and their derangements, and in detecting new strategies against obesity which interact also on brain mechanisms involved in the control of food intake and energy balance. In the present short review, basic principles of the most used functional neuroimaging techniques will be examined and the commonest acquisition protocols and processing methods will be briefly presented, along with a short overview of the brain systems involved in food intake regulation and a concise report of the main findings obtained with these techniques.
Comparison of Hybrid Control Schemes for Vibration Suppression of Flexible Robot Manipulator

This paper presents a comparative assessment of control schemes for vibration suppression and end-point trajectory tracking of a flexible robot manipulator. A constrained planar single-link flexible robot manipulator is considered and the dynamic model of the system is derived using the assumed mode method. To study the effectiveness of the controllers, initially a collocated PD controller is developed for control of rigid body motion. This is then extended to incorporate a non-collocated PID controller and a feedforward controller based on input shaping techniques for control of vibration (flexible motion) of the system. For input shaping controller, the positive input shapers with different derivatives are proposed and designed based on the properties of the system. Simulation results of the response of the manipulator with the controllers are presented in time and frequency domains. The performances of the control schemes are assessed in terms of level of vibration reduction, input tracking capability and speed of response. Finally, a comparativeassessment of the control techniques is presented and discussed.
Model for a Common Notion of Privacy Leakage on Public Database

Privacy is an increasingly important aspect of data publishing services. If personal private information is leaked from the data, the service will be regarded as unacceptable by the original owners of the data. Two different approaches to defining a notion of database privacy, the generalization method and the perturbation method, have been independently studied. These two approaches have significantly differences, making it hard to compare related research. In this paper, we propose a unified model that is based on the perturbation method, but which is applicable to generalized data sets. In particular, this model applies the notion of differential privacy to data sets that satisfy k-anonymity. We demonstrate this approach through a simple case study. This is a first step towards a common notion for protecting database privacy.
High sensitivity rare cell capturing biochip with separable microstructures

Integrating the microfluidic device with the optomechanical system, we developed a novel rare cell isolation biochip with serparable microstructures. Rare cells such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are well-known for causing metastasis in the cancer patients. These CTCs were captured using immune-affinity method with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule binding antibody (Anti-EpCAM Antibody) on SU-8 microstructure fabricated on the slide glass via photolithography. Here, we demonstrated that CTCs captured on SU-8 microstructure, and isolated the structures from the biochip to micro tubes using nanosecond infrared laser pulse for further analysis such as PCR, RT-qPCR and NGS.
Extraction of Russian Sentiment Lexicon for Product Meta-Domain

In this paper we consider a new approach for domain-specific sentiment lexicon extraction in Russian. We propose a set of statistical features and algorithm combination that can discriminate sentiment words in a specific domain. The extraction model is trained in the movie domain and then utilized to other domains. We evaluate the quality of obtained sentiment vocabularies intrinsically. Finally we combine the sentiment lexicons from five domains to obtain one general lexicon for the product meta-domain. We demonstrate the robustness of the extracted lexicon in the cross-domain sentiment classification in Russian.
Identification of Tuberculosis Susceptibility Genes with Human Macrophage Gene Expression Profiles

Although host genetics influences susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), few genes determining disease outcome have been identified. We hypothesized that macrophages from individuals with different clinical manifestations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection would have distinct gene expression profiles and that polymorphisms in these genes may also be associated with susceptibility to TB. We measured gene expression levels of >38,500 genes from ex vivo Mtb-stimulated macrophages in 12 subjects with 3 clinical phenotypes: latent, pulmonary, and meningeal TB (n = 4 per group). After identifying differentially expressed genes, we confirmed these results in 34 additional subjects by real-time PCR. We also used a case-control study design to examine whether polymorphisms in differentially regulated genes were associated with susceptibility to these different clinical forms of TB. We compared gene expression profiles in Mtb-stimulated and unstimulated macrophages and identified 1,608 and 199 genes that were differentially expressed by >2- and >5-fold, respectively. In an independent sample set of 34 individuals and a subset of highly regulated genes, 90% of the microarray results were confirmed by RT-PCR, including expression levels of CCL1, which distinguished the 3 clinical groups. Furthermore, 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CCL1 were found to be associated with TB in a case-control genetic association study with 273 TB cases and 188 controls. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of CCL1 as a gene involved in host susceptibility to TB and the first study to combine microarray and DNA polymorphism studies to identify genes associated with TB susceptibility. These results suggest that genome-wide studies can provide an unbiased method to identify critical macrophage response genes that are associated with different clinical outcomes and that variation in innate immune response genes regulate susceptibility to TB.
The Gene Ontology project in 2008

The Gene Ontology (GO) project (http://www.geneontology.org/) provides a set of structured, controlled vocabularies for community use in annotating genes, gene products and sequences (also see http://www.sequenceontology.org/). The ontologies have been extended and refined for several biological areas, and improvements to the structure of the ontologies have been implemented. To improve the quantity and quality of gene product annotations available from its public repository, the GO Consortium has launched a focused effort to provide comprehensive and detailed annotation of orthologous genes across a number of ‘reference’ genomes, including human and several key model organisms. Software developments include two releases of the ontology-editing tool OBO-Edit, and improvements to the AmiGO browser interface.
Conditional Knockout of Macrophage PPARγ Increases Atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice

Objective—Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is highly expressed in macrophage-derived foam cells of atherosclerotic lesions, and its expression may have a dramatic impact on atherosclerosis. Methods and Results—To investigate the contribution of macrophage PPARγ expression on atherogenesis in vivo, we generated macrophage-specific PPARγ knockout (MacPPARγKO) mice. C57BL/6 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor–deficient (LDLR−/−) mice were reconstituted with MacPPARγKO or wild-type marrow and challenged with an atherogenic diet. No differences were found in serum lipids between recipients reconstituted with MacPPARγKO and wild-type marrow. In contrast, both C57BL/6 and LDLR−/− mice transplanted with MacPPARγKO marrow had significantly larger atherosclerotic lesions than control recipients. In addition, MacPPARγKO→LDLR−/− mice had higher numbers of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions compared with controls. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from the MacPPARγKO mice had decreased uptake of oxidized but not acetylated LDL and showed no changes in either cholesterol efflux or inflammatory cytokine expression. Macrophages from MacPPARγKO mice had increased levels of migration and CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) expression compared with wild-type macrophages. Conclusion—Thus, macrophage PPARγ deficiency increases atherosclerosis under conditions of mild and severe hypercholesterolemia, indicating an antiatherogenic role for PPARγ, which may be caused, at least in part, by modulation of CCR2 expression and monocyte recruitment.
Roasting conditions for preserving cocoa flavan-3-ol monomers and oligomers: interesting behaviour of Criollo clones.

BACKGROUND Cocoa bean roasting is important for creating the typical chocolate aroma through Maillard reactions, but it is also a key step deleterious to the polyphenol content and profile. RESULTS Compared with usual roasting at 150 °C, keeping the beans for 30 min at 120 °C or for 1 h at 90 °C proved much better for preventing strong degradation of native P1, P2 and P3 flavan-3-ols in cocoa (shown for Forastero, Trinitatio and Criollo cultivars). Surprisingly, Cuban, Mexican and Malagasy white-seeded beans behaved atypically when roasted for 30 min at 150 °C, releasing a pool of catechin. Enantiomeric chromatographic separation proved that this pool contained mainly (-)-catechin issued from (-)-epicatechin by epimerisation. As the (-)-epicatechin content remained relatively constant through Criollo bean roasting, flavan-3-ol monomers must have been regenerated from oligomers. This emergence of (-)-catechin in Criollo beans only, reported here for the first time, could be due to increased flavan-3-ol monomer stability in the absence of anthocyanidin-derived products. CONCLUSION The degradation rate of flavan-3-ols through roasting is higher in cocoa beans containing anthocyani(di)ns. The liberation of a pool of (-)-catechin when submitted to roasting at 150 °C allows to distinguish white-seeded cultivars. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Control-flow error detection using combining basic and program-level checking in commodity multi-core architectures

This paper presents a software-based technique to detect control-flow errors using basic level control-flow checking and inherent redundancy in commodity multi-core processors. The proposed detection technique is composed of two phases of basic and program-level control-flow checking. Basic-level control-flow error detection is achieved through inserting additional instructions into program at design time regarding to control-flow graph. Previous research shows that modern superscalar microprocessors already contain significant amounts of redundancy. Program-level control-flow checking can detect CFEs by leveraging existing microprocessors redundancy. Therefore, the cost of adding extra redundancy for fault tolerance is eliminated. In order to evaluate the proposed technique, three workloads quick sort, matrix multiplication and linked list utilized to run on a multi-core processor, and a total of 6000 transient faults have been injected on the processor. The advantage of the proposed technique in terms of performance and memory overheads and detection capability compared with conventional control-flow error detection techniques.
Potential Uses of Sewage Sludge in Highway Construction

AbstractThe sewage treatment plants generate, as by-products, large amounts of sludge containing harmful elements to the environment. This paper investigates the possibility of using 10% of sewage sludge by weight in pavement base layers. The soil stabilization technique was used to improve the residue properties to satisfy the minimum requirements for road bases. The intent of this stabilization technique was to use conventional additives as cement, lime, and emulsion. The main objective was to evaluate the strength behavior of the modified soil. Sludge-soil mixtures with different additive contents (2, 4, 6, and 8%) were prepared for testing. The modified soil samples were subjected to compaction, and then tested for the following parameters: California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength, indirect-tensile strength, resilient modulusa, and deterioration tests. Mechanical tests were used to estimate the optimum mix design. Test results indicated that the stabilization of mixtures of soil with .
Multicasting multimedia streams with active networks

Active networks allow protocol processing code to be loaded dynamically into network nodes at run-time. This code can perform tasks specific to a stream of packets or even a single packet. In this paper we compare two active network architectures: the active node transfer system (ANTS) and the messenger system (M0). We have implemented a robust audio multicast protocol and a layered video multicast protocol with both active network systems. We discuss the differences of the two systems, evaluate architectural strengths and weaknesses, compare the runtime performance, and report practical experience and lessons learned.