Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La structuration de pôles de compétitivité : une analyse des relations de coopération émergentes 1

Resume L’objectif de cette recherche exploratoire est d’etudier la structuration de poles de competitivite en tant que terreau privilegie de l’analyse de l’action collective emergente (Reynaud, 1993). La construction de relations de cooperation entre acteurs de logiques deferentes conditionne en effet la politique d’innovation mise en avant recemment par le gouvernement. C’est pour analyser la co-construction de cette cooperation que nous avons choisi d’inscrire notre recherche dans une approche structurationniste (Giddens, 1987). Celle-ci nous permet d’observer la creation et la transformation de regles et de ressources entre les interactions des acteurs et la structure emergente. Dans ce cadre, le projet constitue pour nous un angle d’analyse particulier. Nous posons alors la question suivante : comment se structurent les poles de competitivite ? De l’analyse du processus de structuration de deux poles du secteur medical (Medicen et Lyonbiopole) resulte une reflexion sur les motivations et la participation des acteurs au projet, sur la nature de regles et de ressources mobilisees et creees.
Genomic signatures of fifth autotrophic carbon assimilation pathway in bathypelagic Crenarchaeota

Marine Crenarchaeota, ubiquitous and abundant organisms in the oceans worldwide, remain metabolically uncharacterized, largely due to their low cultivability. Identification of candidate genes for bicarbonate fixation pathway in the Cenarchaeum symbiosum A was an initial step in understanding the physiology and ecology of marine Crenarchaeota. Recent cultivation and genome sequencing of obligate chemoautotrophic Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 were a major breakthrough towards understanding of their functioning and provide a valuable model for experimental validation of genomic data. Here we present the identification of multiple key components of 3‐hydroxipropionate/4‐hydroxybutyrate cycle, the fifth pathway in carbon fixation, found in data sets of environmental sequences representing uncultivated superficial and bathypelagic Crenarchaeota from Sargasso sea (GOS data set) and KM3 (Mediterranean Sea) and ALOHA (Atlantic ocean) stations. These organisms are likely to use acetyl‐CoA/propionyl‐CoA carboxylase(s) as CO2‐fixing enzyme(s) to form succinyl‐CoA, from which one molecule of acetyl‐CoA is regenerated via 4‐hydroxybutyrate cleavage and another acetyl‐CoA to be the pathway product. The genetic distinctiveness and matching sympatric abundance imply that marine crenarchaeal genotypes from the three different geographic sites share similar ecophysiological properties, and therefore may represent fundamental units of marine ecosystem functioning. To couple results of sequence comparison with the dark ocean primary production, dissolved inorganic carbon fixation rates were measured at KM3 Station (3000 m depth, Eastern Mediterranean Sea), i.e. at the same site and depth used for metagenomic library construction.
A back lobe reduction of aperture coupled microstrip antenna using DGS

This paper presents a novel design of aperture coupled microstrip antenna with back lobe reduction. The proposed design was based on the structure of a 2 by 2 planar array antenna with separated feeding technique, aperture coupler. The antenna is designed on Rogers Duroid substrate having dielectric, ε, of 2.2. Four dumbbell shaped DGS were etched on the ground plane for back radiation reduction. An antenna without DGS is first designed acting as reference. Both of the designs were simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2011 software based on operating frequency of 5.8GHz. A parametric study was done to investigate the effect of DGS dimensions. The results show that, by incorporating DGS onto the antenna, back radiation is reduced. The back lobe level is reduced from 4.6dB to 0.4887dB. Return loss were also improved from -26.089dB to -41.28dB. This design concept can be useful in reducing the back radiation of aperture coupled microstrip antenna.
From European Portuguese to Portuguese Sign Language

Several efforts have been done towards the development of platforms that allow the translation of specific sign languages to the correspondent spoken language (and vice-versa). In this (demo) paper, we describe a freely available system that translates, in real time, European Portuguese (text) into Portuguese Sign Language (LGP), by using an avatar. We focus in how some linguistic elements are dealt in LGP, and in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) step implemented in our system. The system’s interface will be used to demonstrate it. Although only a small set of linguistic phenomena are implemented, it can be seen how the system copes with it.
DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT FOR MOBILE COMMERCE USING WEB SERVICES

Performing digital rights management (DRM) on mobile distribution services encounters many technical problems. Major problems include privacy and trust, coordination and interoperability, security, license management, DRM operations, and payment. This paper proposes a generic DRM framework to tackle these problems. The proposed framework consists of (1) an operational mobile infrastructure; (2) Web Services (WS); and (3) a mobile DRM model. This paper emphasizes on the use of WS for DRM because research applying WS to mobile media distribution services is scarce. The framework enables basic rights insertion and enforcement (both online and offline), and media sharing. It is generic in the sense that it is independent of the generation of mobile technology. The framework has been compared with other similar DRM solutions and the results show that it outperforms them in terms of practicability and capabilities. However, there could be possible overloading and risk problems with it. This paper contributes by (1) proposing a generic DRM framework to support mobile media distribution services; and (2) exploring the use of WS for mobile commerce.
Asociación entre Perfiles del MACI y Habilidades Sociales en Población Adolescente Normal y Consultante

espanolSe presentan los resultados de dos estudios realizados en poblacion adolescente con el objetivo de determinar la relacion entre personalidad y habilidades sociales. En el primero de ellos (n = 345) participaron estudiantes universitarios de primer ano mientras que el segundo (n = 150) se evaluo una muestra de adolescentes consultantes. Ambos utilizaron un diseno transversal correlacional. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario Clinico para Adolescentes de Millon (MACI) y el Inventario de Comportamiento Interpersonal (ICI). Los resultados indican que la poblacion normal se ajusta a las normas chilenas disponibles mientras que la poblacion consultante muestra medias similares, aunque inferiores, a la poblacion clinica normativa. Se observaron diferencias de genero en las asociaciones entre ambas medidas. Se discute en torno las relaciones observadas y sus consecuencias y potenciales aplicaciones en la intervencion preventiva adolescente. EnglishThe results of two studies carried out in a teenage population are presented with the sole intention of determining the co-relationship between personality, and social skills. In the first of them (n=345) freshman university students participated, while in the second (n=150) a group of teenage consultants were assessed. Both of which utilized a correlational transversal design. The instruments used for these studies were the Clinical Inventory for Teenagers of Millon (MACI) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Behavior (ICI). The results indicate that the normal population adjusts to the Chilean social norms in existence, whilst the consultant population showed similar though inferior averages, to the clinical normative population. Differences in genre were also observed in the relationship between both averages. Discussion is formed amongst the relationships observed and its consequences and of course the potential applications in teenage preventive intervention.
Wwrf/wg4/ad-hoc Networking -subgroup Wwrf/wg4 Subgroup on Ad-hoc Networking

Ad-hoc networks are formed by users or devices wishing to communicate without necessity for the help or existence of any infrastructure or centralized administration. Each node has a wireless access interface (Bluetooth, WLAN, HiperLAN2, UWB, etc.) and is free to enter or leave the network at any time. Due to the limited range of a node’s wireless interface, multiple hops may be needed for communication. Ad-hoc networks can function as standalone networks meeting direct communication needs of their users, or as an addition to infrastructure based networks to extend or enhance their coverage. This kind of communication becomes a viable solution especially in situations of missing or incomplete network. Applications of ad-hoc communication include sensor networks, commercial and educational use, emergency cases and military communication. Ad-hoc networks have attracted a lot of attention in the research community over the last couple of years. Research issues cover many different areas and multidisciplinary expertise is required to tackle these problems. In this paper, the main ad-hoc networks characteristics, possible deployment and application scenarios along with research issues and proposed research directions to solve these issues are given.
A TLM-based Multithreaded Instruction Set Simulator for MPSoC Simulation Environment

With the increase in the design complexity of MPSoC architectures, flexible and accurate processor simulators become a necessity for exploring the vast design space solutions. In this paper, we present a flexible multithreaded ISS model based on a modular cycle-accurate modeling technique. The model is scalable for n hardware threads and implements two thread scheduling algorithms: interleaved and blocked multithreading. Thanks to its TLM interfaces, the ISS can be easily integrated in any MPSoC design based on SystemC. Its performance and capabilities are demonstrated by running two applications of MiBench embedded benchmark suite, showing the advantage of multithreaded processors through pipeline statistics extraction. keywords: ISS, multithreaded processors, cycle-accurate, Sy stemC, TLM, System-on-Chip, ADL, Design Space Exploration
The Effects Of Right Ventricular Apical Pacing On Left Ventricular Function. Stimulation Of The Right Ventricular Apex: Should It Still Be The Gold Standard?

Current pacing practice is undergoing continuous and substantial changes. Initially pacing had an exclusively palliative role, since it was reserved for patients developing complete heart block or severe symptomatic bradycardia. With the appearance of novel pacing indications such as pacing for heart failure and atrial fibrillation, the effect of pacing site on cardiac function has become a critically important issue and a subject for consideration. It seems that the classical pacing site in the right ventricular apex is no longer the gold standard because of possible disadvantageous effects on cardiac function. The aim of this review article is to discuss the effect of right ventricular apical pacing on cardiac function including cellular and hemodynamic changes. We also aim to discuss the role of alternative pacing sites in the light of cardiac function.
Intermediary Complexity in Regulatory Governance: The International Criminal Court's Use of NGOs in Regulating International Crimes

While regulatory governance can be theorized as a three-party game in which regulators use intermediaries to influence targets, I show how regulatory intermediaries can, through delegation and orchestration, engage their own “sub-intermediaries” to increase their capacity for fulfilling their regulatory mandates, and their influence on regulators and targets. I elucidate how the International Criminal Court (ICC) — the key intermediary in the regulatory regime for international crimes — has used NGOs’ advocacy, expertise, and operational capacities to compensate for its limited capabilities. Through NGO intermediaries, the ICC has aimed to increase its ability to prosecute, punish, and thus regulate international crimes; amplify its influence on state regulators and potential perpetrators; and improve the regulation of international crimes overall.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae O-linked pilin glycosylation: functional analyses define both the biosynthetic pathway and glycan structure

Neisseria gonorrhoeae expresses an O‐linked protein glycosylation pathway that targets PilE, the major pilin subunit protein of the Type IV pilus colonization factor. Efforts to define glycan structure and thus the functions of pilin glycosylation (Pgl) components at the molecular level have been hindered by the lack of sensitive methodologies. Here, we utilized a ‘top‐down’ mass spectrometric approach to characterize glycan status using intact pilin protein from isogenic mutants. These structural data enabled us to directly infer the function of six components required for pilin glycosylation and to define the glycan repertoire of strain N400. Additionally, we found that the N. gonorrhoeae pilin glycan is O‐acetylated, and identified an enzyme essential for this unique modification. We also identified the N. gonorrhoeae pilin oligosaccharyltransferase using bioinformatics and confirmed its role in pilin glycosylation by directed mutagenesis. Finally, we examined the effects of expressing the PglA glycosyltransferase from the Campylobacter jejuni N‐linked glycosylation system that adds N‐acetylgalactosamine onto undecaprenylpyrophosphate‐linked bacillosamine. The results indicate that the C. jejuni and N. gonorrhoeae pathways can interact in the synthesis of O‐linked di‐ and trisaccharides, and therefore provide the first experimental evidence that biosynthesis of the N. gonorrhoeae pilin glycan involves a lipid‐linked oligosaccharide precursor. Together, these findings underpin more detailed studies of pilin glycosylation biology in both N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, and demonstrate how components of bacterial O‐ and N‐linked pathways can be combined in novel glycoengineering strategies.
Generating Textual Summaries of Bar Charts

Information graphics, such as bar charts and line graphs, play an important role in multimodal documents. This paper presents a novel approach to producing a brief textual summary of a simple bar chart. It outlines our approach to augmenting the core message of the graphic to produce a brief summary. Our method simultaneously constructs both the discourse and sentence structures of the textual summary using a bottom-up approach. The result is then realized in natural language. An evaluation study validates our generation methodology.
The window distribution of idealized TCP congestion avoidance with variable packet loss

This paper analyzes the stationary behavior of the TCP congestion window performing ideal congestion avoidance when the packet loss probability is not constant, but varies as a function of the window size. By neglecting the detailed window behavior during fast recovery, we are able to derive a Markov process that is then approximated by a continuous-time, continuous state space process. The stationary distribution of this process is analyzed and derived numerically and then extrapolated to obtain the stationary distribution of the TCP window. This numerical analysis enables us to predict the behavior of the TCP congestion window when interacting with a router port performing early random drop (or random early detection) where the loss probability varies with the queue occupancy.
Pathophysiological Aspects of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Role of P2X Receptors

In the central nervous system (CNS), ATP is released from vesicles at nerve terminals in a frequency- dependent manner and can activate P2 receptors widely expressed and distributed in the CNS. In addition to interacting with P2 receptors, ATP can be rapidly hydrolyzed to adenosine to activate P1 receptors modulating neuronal transmission. Thus, complex synaptic interactions in the CNS are modulated by P2 and P1 receptors. This review focuses on the role of P2X receptors in temporal lobe epilepsy. P2X receptors are cationic-selective channels gated by extracellular ATP. Seven subunits (P2X1-7) are expressed throughout the central nervous system and are involved with modulatory mechanisms of neurotransmitter release, hyperexcitability, intracellular calcium influx, cell-cell communication, neuroprotection, and cell death. This review discusses the current data regarding the involvement of P2 receptors in the pathophysiology of tempo- ral lobe epilepsy (TLE).
Design and Development of a Recommender System for E-Learning Modules

Extensive literature review revealed that, different recommender systems for E-learning were developed. A preliminary version of the development was undertaken and evaluated in an experiment during an introduction psychology course in an open university. The activities were integrated in to a model which operates on a network. No curriculum structure was assigned and the users were allowed to undergo learning activities in any order they wanted. Though voluminious work was reported on establishing bench marks for learning process on a wide range basis, there are only discrete references on developing a system comprising of a web-based typical learning environment which includes many aspects of learning such as course content delivery tools, synchronous and asynchronous conferencing systems, quiz models, grade reporting systems, creation of virtual class rooms. An attempt is made in this study to design and develop a Recommender System (RS), in the form of a software agent giving recommendations based on the previous observations. The developed RS suggests the applications of web mining techniques resulting in, on-line learning activities and improving the course material navigation. The proposed RS combines a top down ontology based recommendation techniques clubbed with bottom-up techniques. Both techniques were combined in the RS, which decided, which of the techniques is more suitable for the current situation in which a learner works. Finally the present work provides for recommendation strategies for a personal RS in E-learning models for life long learners. The major contribution of the present work lies, in designing and developing a RS in the form of a software agent, incorporating web mining techniques resulting in, on-line learning activities, such as course content delivery tools, conferencing systems, creation of virtual class rooms.
Survey Paper on Analysis of Various Recommendation Algorithms

Recommender system apply various techniques and prediction algorithm to predict user interest on information, items and services from the tremendous amount of available data on the internet. The paper studies various algorithm in weka and the metrices used to evaluate algorithm performance. The basic algorithm or predictive model we use are – simple linear regression, k-nearest neighbours(kNN), naives bayes, support vector machine. We also review the pearson correlation coefficient algorithm and an associative analysis-based heuristic. The algorithms themselves were implemented from abstract class recommender, which was extended from weka distribution classifier class. The abstract class adds prediction method to the classifier. In addition to introducing these techniques we survey their use in recommender system. The paper also analyze the algorithm of user based and item based techniques and some modern recommendation approaches such as context-aware approach, Semantic-based approaches, cross-domain based approaches, peer-to-peer approaches and cross-lingual approaches. Keywords-Recommender system, naives bayes,kNN, support vector machine.
Burnout and its relationship to empathy in nursing: a review of the literature

Compassion and empathy are viewed as important by both nurses and patients. The positive emotions that nurses feel as a result of compassionate and empathic practice are known as compassion satisfaction, whilst the negative consequences are known as burnout and compassion fatigue. Empathy has two distinct components: emotional empathy, which involves feeling the emotions of another, and cognitive empathy, which relates to self-regulation of the emotion felt. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the relationship between burnout and empathy in the nursing literature. The results suggest that the relationship between these constructs is complex, and an ability to self-regulate emotions during empathic engagement may reduce the risk of burnout. The implications for nurses, health care organisations, educators and health care policy makers are discussed. This review provides insight into how adaptive empathic engagement may reduce the risk of burnout.
The graded and dichotomous nature of visual awareness

Is our visual experience of the world graded or dichotomous? Opposite pre-theoretical intuitions apply in different cases. For instance, when looking at a scene, one has a distinct sense that our experience has a graded character: one cannot say that there is no experience of contents that fall outside the focus of attention, but one cannot say that there is full awareness of such contents either. By contrast, when performing a visual detection task, our sense of having perceived the stimulus or not exhibits a more dichotomous character. Such issues have recently been the object of intense debate because different theoretical frameworks make different predictions about the graded versus dichotomous character of consciousness. Here, we review both relevant empirical findings as well as the associated theories (i.e. local recurrent processing versus global neural workspace theory). Next, we attempt to reconcile such contradictory theories by suggesting that level of processing is an often-ignored but highly relevant dimension through which we can cast a novel look at existing empirical findings. Thus, using a range of different stimuli, tasks and subjective scales, we show that processing low-level, non-semantic content results in graded visual experience, whereas processing high-level semantic content is experienced in a more dichotomous manner. We close by comparing our perspective with existing proposals, focusing in particular on the partial awareness hypothesis.
Character Code Conversion and Misspelled Word Processing in Uyghur, Kazak, Kyrgyz Multilingual Information Retrieval System

The spelling errors often occur in the web pages or in the user query phrases, and the non-Unicode character coding scheme used by some of the Uyghur, Kazak, and Kyrgyz language based websites have a serious impact on recall and accuracy of Uyghur, Kazak, and Kyrgyz information retrieval system (UKKIRS). In this paper, studied and proposed the most effective solutions and ideas for above actual problems: in view of the problem of character coding varieties, proposed a character code conversion method from the non-Unicode to Unicode; For spelling errors, proposed a reconstruction and a root-expansion method based on user query phrases. The experimental results indicated that, the proposed algorithms solved well the problems mentioned above, and are very dedicated to this UKKIRS.