Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power supply noise aware evaluation framework for side channel attacks and countermeasures

Side Channel Attack (SCA) aims to extract the secret information from cryptography chips by analyzing the leakage of physical parameters. Power analysis based SCA is a popular approach to obtain secret keys by monitoring the power consumption of cryptography chips. However, most SCA evaluation methods are performed on FPGA platforms while many parasitic physical effects cannot be revealed before the cryptography chips are taped out. Roughly ignoring these effects will significantly increase the attack difficulties due to the corresponding measurement noise. Power supply noise has been observed to be critical for power analysis based SCA. This paper demonstrates a power supply noise aware evaluation framework for practical side channel attack from cryptography system design to physical design. On-chip power delivery network is implemented among physical design stage. Consequently the supply noise of power network can be explored according to the post-layout implementation. Additionally, the countermeasures of cryptography chips could be enhanced by on-chip decapacitors placement due to its influences on the characteristics of power delivery network.
The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate on Motor and Sensory Axillary Plexus Blockade

Background: Magnesium is a physiologic cation that blocks neuromuscular transmission and does not allow the nerve to be stimulated. Objectives: This study investigates the effect of adding magnesium sulfate to lidocaine to extend the duration of sensory and motor blocks of the axillary plexus in orthopedic surgeries of the upper extremities. Patients and Methods: This controlled randomized double-blind study was performed on patients who were candidates for orthopedic surgery of the upper extremities. A total of 60 patients between 18–60 years with ASA Class 1 or 2 participated in the study. One group received lidocaine (5 mg/kg) with magnesium sulfate 20% (3 mL) as the case group, while the second group received lidocaine (5 mg/kg) with normal saline (3 mL) as a placebo to block the axillary plexus using the trans-arterial technique. The duration of the sensory and motor block of the axillary plexus was monitored and evaluated using the pinprick and modified Bromage scale. Results: A total of 60 patients were included in the study with 30 patients having received lidocaine plus magnesium and the other 30 patients having received lidocaine plus normal saline. The mean sensory block duration in the case group was 248.83 ± 18.36 and in control group was 204.67 ± 22.62. The mean motor block duration in the case group was 207.0 ± 16.64 and in control group was 147.33 ± 21.52 (both P < 0.0001). The mean onset of sensory block in case group was 15.5 ± 3.79 and the onset block in control group was 10.33 ± 4.13 (P < 0.0001). The mean onset of motor block in case group was 20.66 ± 4.09 and the onset block in control group was 19.73 ± 26.18 (P < 0.848). Conclusions: The addition of magnesium sulfate to lidocaine increased the duration of motor and sensory axillary block in the upper extremities during surgeries when compared to the use of lidocaine alone.
MIST: Multiscale Information and Summaries of Texts

Combining distinct visual metaphors has been the mechanism adopted by several systems to enable the simultaneous visualization of multiple levels of information in a single layout. However, providing a meaningful layout while avoiding visual clutter is still a challenge. In this work we combine word clouds and a rigid-body simulation engine into an intuitive visualization tool that allows a user to visualize and interact with the content of document collections using a single overlap-free layout. The proposed force scheme ensures that neighboring documents are kept close to each other during and after layout change. Each group of neighboring documents formed on the layout generates a word cloud. A multi-seeded procedure guarantees a harmonious arrangement of distinct word clouds in visual space. The visual metaphor employs disks to represent document instances where the size of each disk defines the importance of the document in the collection. To keep the visualization clean and intuitive, only the most relevant documents are depicted as disks while the remaining ones are either displayed as smaller glyphs to help convey density information or simply removed from the layout. Hidden instances are moved together with its neighbors during rigid-body simulation, should they become visible later, but are not processed individually. This shadow movement avoids excess calculations by the force-based scheme, thus ensuring scalability and interactivity.
Relationships between Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and chest radiographic manifestations in childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is one of the most common childhood community-acquired pneumonias, and the chest radiograph usually shows bronchial pneumonia, segmental/lobar pneumonia, or segmental/lobar pneumonia with pleural effusion. The imbalance of Th1/Th2 function after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is an important immunological mechanism of MPP. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlations between Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and chest radiographic manifestations in MPP children. Patients and methods A total of 87 children with MPP were retrospectively reviewed in this study. According to the chest radiographic manifestations, they were divided into the following three groups: bronchial MPP group, segmental/lobar MPP group, and segmental/lobar MPP with pleural effusion group. Clinical features and changes in Th1/Th2 cytokines were further analyzed. Results The incidence of tachypnea and cyanosis was higher in children with segmental/lobar MPP with pleural effusion than in those with segmental/lobar or bronchial MPP. The peak body temperature of segmental/lobar MPP was higher than that of bronchial MPP, and the duration of fever and hospitalization was positively correlated with the severity of MPP. MPP children’s chest radiograph showed a relationship with the changes in Th1/Th2 cytokines. Serum interleukin-4, interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of segmental/lobar MPP were significantly higher than those of bronchial MPP, and serum IL-10 (cutoff value: 27.25 pg/mL) can be used as a diagnostic predictor for segmental/lobar MPP. Serum TNF-α and interleukin-6 of segmental/lobar MPP with pleural effusion were significantly higher than those of segmental/lobar MPP without pleural effusion. Serum TNF-α (cutoff value: 60.25 pg/mL) can be used as a diagnostic predictor for segmental/lobar MPP with pleural effusion. Conclusion There were significant correlations between Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and chest radiographic manifestations in MPP children. Serum IL-10 and TNF-α can be used as an optimal predictor for segmental/lobar MPP and segmental/lobar MPP with pleural effusion, respectively.
Disaster Events Detection using Twitter Data

Twitter is a microblogging service that allows its user to share short messages called tweets with each other. All the tweets are visible on a public timeline. These tweets have the valuable geospatial component and particularly time critical events. In this paper, our interest is in the rapid detection of disaster events such as tsunami, tornadoes, forest fires, and earthquakes. We describe the detection system of disaster events and show the way to detect a target event from Twitter data. This research examines the three disasters during the same time period and compares Twitter activity and Internet news on Google. A significant result from this research is that emergency detection could begin using microblogging service.
The gas mask: a probe for exploring fearsome interactions

We introduce an interface for horror-themed entertainment experiences based on integrating breath sensors and WiFi into gas masks. Beyond enabling the practical breath control of entertainment systems, our design aims to heighten the intensity of the experience by amplifying the user's awareness of their breathing, as well as their feelings of isolation, claustrophobia and fear. More generally, this interface is intended to act as a technology probe for exploring an emerging research agenda around fearsome interactions. We describe the deployment of our gas masks in two events: as a control mechanism for an interactive ride, and to enhance a theme park horror maze. We identify six broad dimensions - cultural, visceral, control, social, performance and engineering - that frame an agenda for future research into fearsome interactions.
Division of Economics and Business Working Paper Series Interactions between state-level emissions reduction policies

Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) have been implemented in many US states as a mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and become more energy independent. One of these states, Colorado, has enacted an RPS requiring 20% of electricity sold within the state come from renewable sources by 2020. In this paper we present results of a dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the state economy to demonstrate the economic impacts of the RPS. Results are presented for the RPS alone and in conjunction with the state’s long-term emissions reduction goals. We find that compared to the emissions reduction alone, leakage rates and emissions allowance prices are reduced in early years, but this benefit is lost as the emissions limit becomes more restrictive.
Combining global optimization algorithms with a simple adaptive distance for feature selection and weighting

This work focuses on a study about hybrid optimization techniques for improving feature selection and weighting applications. For this purpose, two global optimization methods were used: Tabu search (TS) and simulated annealing (SA). These methods were combined to k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) composing two hybrid approaches: SA/k-NN and TS/k-NN. Those approaches try to use the main advantage from the global optimization methods: they work efficiently in searching for solutions in the global space. In this study, the methodology is proposed by [4]. In the referred work, a hybrid TS/k-NN approach was suggested and successfully applied for feature selection and weighting problems. Based on the later, this analysis indicates a new SA/k-NN combination and compares their results using the classical Euclidean Distance and a Simple Adaptive Distance [8]. The results demonstrate that feature sets optimized by the studied models are very efficient when compared to the well-known k-NN. Both accuracy classification and number of features in the resultant set are considered in the conclusions. Furthermore, the combined use of the simple adaptive distance improves even more the results for all datasets analyzed.
Broken symmetry revisited

In general, a physical system consists of a finite or infinite number of degrees of freedom which may or may not interact. The dynamics is prescribed by a set of evolution equations which follow from varying the action with respect to the different degrees of freedom. A symmetry then corresponds to a group of transformations on the space time coordinates and/or the degrees of freedom that leave an action and therefore also the evolution equations invariant. External symmetries have to do with invariances (e.g. Lorentz invariance) under transformations on the space time coordinates. Symmetries not related to transformations of space time coordinates are called internal symmetries. We also discriminate between global symmetries and local symmetries. A global or rigid symmetry transformation is the same throughout space time and usually leads to a conserved quantity. Turning a global symmetry into a local symmetry, i.e. allowing the symmetry transformations to vary continuously from one point in space time to another, requires the introduction of additional gauge degrees of freedom mediating a force. It is this so-called gauge principle that has eventually led to the extremely successful standard model of the strong and electro-weak interactions between the elementary particles based on the local gauge group SU(3)× SU(2)× U(1).
BST2/Tetherin Enhances Entry of Human Cytomegalovirus

Interferon-induced BST2/Tetherin prevents budding of vpu-deficient HIV-1 by tethering mature viral particles to the plasma membrane. BST2 also inhibits release of other enveloped viruses including Ebola virus and Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), indicating that BST2 is a broadly acting antiviral host protein. Unexpectedly however, recovery of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) from supernatants of BST2-expressing human fibroblasts was increased rather than decreased. Furthermore, BST2 seemed to enhance viral entry into cells since more virion proteins were released into BST2-expressing cells and subsequent viral gene expression was elevated. A significant increase in viral entry was also observed upon induction of endogenous BST2 during differentiation of the pro-monocytic cell line THP-1. Moreover, treatment of primary human monocytes with siRNA to BST2 reduced HCMV infection, suggesting that BST2 facilitates entry of HCMV into cells expressing high levels of BST2 either constitutively or in response to exogenous stimuli. Since BST2 is present in HCMV particles we propose that HCMV entry is enhanced via a reverse-tethering mechanism with BST2 in the viral envelope interacting with BST2 in the target cell membrane. Our data suggest that HCMV not only counteracts the well-established function of BST2 as inhibitor of viral egress but also employs this anti-viral protein to gain entry into BST2-expressing hematopoietic cells, a process that might play a role in hematogenous dissemination of HCMV.
Does the ECB React to the State of Fiscal Policy in Europe? A Real Time Analysis

In the standard Taylor rule, fiscal variables are absent and the central bank is assumed to respond in the same way to a given inflationoutput gap outlook whatever the stance of fiscal policy; or whatever the state of public finances and their likely impact on the economy and financial markets. This paper puts this assumption to the test. Estimating Taylor rules for the ECB using real time data, we find that there is no direct response to the fiscal policymakers’ instrument, the cyclical adjusted primary balance. But there is a clear response to the level of debt. Monetary policy tightens by 25 basis points for every 2.5pp rise in the debt to GDP ratio. In the ex-post data however, reflecting actual outcomes rather than what was intended to happen, we find that the ECB appears to support expansionary fiscal policies when there is a perceived need to reflate the economy. But it reacted more aggressively to correct past excesses that had already led to high debt ratios. JEL Codes: E63 (Comparative or Joint Analysis of Monetary and Fiscal Policy) E61 (Policy Designs and Consistency, Policy Coordination)
Crowded Out? The Effect of Nonresident Enrollment on Resident Access to Public Research Universities

Public universities have pursued nonresident enrollment growth as a solution to the stagnation of state funding. Representatives of public universities often argue that nonresident tuition revenue is an important resource in efforts to finance access for resident students, whereas state policymakers are concerned that nonresident enrollment reduces opportunities for residents. This study investigated whether nonresident enrollment growth crowded out resident enrollment at public research universities using an instrumental variable identification strategy. For the sample of all public research universities, increased nonresident enrollment did not affect resident enrollment. For prestigious public research universities, nonresident enrollment growth had a negative effect on resident enrollment. The findings suggest that nonresident enrollment growth does not benefit resident access, as suggested by university administrators, nor does it harm resident access, as suggested by state policymakers. However, state policymakers may be concerned that nonresident enrollment crowds out resident access at prestigious public universities.
Genomic quantitative real-time PCR proves residual disease positivity in more than 30% samples with negative mRNA-based qRT-PCR in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Imatinib mesylate (IM) is the first line therapy against Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, effectively prolonging overall survival. Because discontinuation of treatment is associated with relapse, IM is required indefinitely to maintain operational cure. To assess minimal residual disease, cytogenetic analysis is insensitive in a high background of normal lymphocytes. The qRT-PCR provides highly sensitive detection of BCR-ABL1 transcripts, but mRNA levels are not directly related to the number of leukemic cells, and undetectable results are difficult to interpret. We developed a sensitive approach to detect the number of leukemic cells by a genomic DNA (gDNA) Q-PCR assay based on the break-point sequence, with a formula to calculate the number of Ph-positive cells. We monitored 8 CML patients treated with IM for more than 8 years. We tested each samples by patient specific gDNA Q-PCR in parallel by the conventional techniques. In all samples positive for chimeric transcripts we showed corresponding chimeric gDNA by Q-PCR, and in 32.8% (42/128) of samples with undetectable levels of mRNA we detected the persistence of leukemic cells. The gDNA Q-PCR assay could be a new diagnostic tool used in parallel to conventional techniques to support the clinician's decision to vary or to STOP IM therapy.
Recent applications of synthetic biology tools for yeast metabolic engineering.

The last 20 years of metabolic engineering has enabled bio-based production of fuels and chemicals from renewable carbon sources using cost-effective bioprocesses. Much of this work has been accomplished using engineered microorganisms that act as chemical factories. Although the time required to engineer microbial chemical factories has steadily decreased, improvement is still needed. Through the development of synthetic biology tools for key microbial hosts, it should be possible to further decrease the development times and improve the reliability of the resulting microorganism. Together with continuous decreases in price and improvements in DNA synthesis, assembly and sequencing, synthetic biology tools will rationalize time-consuming strain engineering, improve control of metabolic fluxes, and diversify screening assays for cellular metabolism. This review outlines some recently developed synthetic biology tools and their application to improve production of chemicals and fuels in yeast. Finally, we provide a perspective for the challenges that lie ahead.
Efficient algorithms for topology control and information dissemination / retrieval in large scale Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require radically new approaches for protocol/ algorithm design, with a focus towards energy efficiency at the node level. We propose two algorithms for energy-efficient, distributed clustering called Directed Budget Based (DBB) and Directed Budget Based with Random Delays (DBB-RD). Both algorithms improve clustering performance and overall network decomposition time when compared with state-of-the-art distributed clustering algorithms. Energy-efficient information dissemination in WSNs is proposed through modifying the movement of a simple Random Walk agent in a large scale Geometric Random Graph. The Random Walk with Jumps agent is compared against the Random Walk without backtracking agent. It is shown in simulations that the RW-J agent performs better than the RW agent in terms of Cover Time or Partial Cover Time. RW-J performs best when the underlying network topology has low connectivity, i.e. the graph has bad cuts. Information extraction from a large sensor field is a dual problem to information dissemination. We adopt the single mobile sink based information extraction methodology for collecting large amounts of data from a sensor field. The algorithms proposed are classified based on a. whether sensor nodes are allowed to transmit data over the wireless medium (single hop data forwarding) or not (almost zero hop data forwarding) and b. if there is detailed knowledge of sensor nodes locations in the field (deterministic algorithm) or not (randomized algorithm). All collection schemes are compared against required number of stops/ steps to completion and total physical distance covered by the mobile sink.
Productive Entry Pathways of Human Rhinoviruses

Currently, complete or partial genome sequences of more than 150 human rhinovirus (HRV) isolates are known. Twelve species A use members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family for cell entry, whereas the remaining HRV-A and all HRV-B bind ICAM-1. HRV-Cs exploit an unknown receptor. At least all A and B type viruses depend on receptor-mediated endocytosis for infection. In HeLa cells, they are internalized mainly by a clathrin- and dynamin-dependent mechanism. Upon uptake into acidic compartments, the icosahedral HRV capsid expands by ~4% and holes open at the 2-fold axes, close to the pseudo-3-fold axes and at the base of the star-shaped dome protruding at the vertices. RNA-protein interactions are broken and new ones are established, the small internal myristoylated capsid protein VP4 is expelled, and amphipathic N-terminal sequences of VP1 become exposed. The now hydrophobic subviral particle attaches to the inner surface of endosomes and transfers its genomic (+) ssRNA into the cytosol. The RNA leaves the virus starting with the poly(A) tail at its 3′-end and passes through a membrane pore contiguous with one of the holes in the capsid wall. Alternatively, the endosome is disrupted and the RNA freely diffuses into the cytoplasm.
Exogenous Angiotensin I Metabolism in Aorta Isolated from Streptozotocin Treated Diabetic Rats

Purpose. Products of angiotensin (ANG) I metabolism may predispose to vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Methods. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (75 mg/kg i.p.). Rat aorta fragments, isolated 4 weeks later, were pretreated with perindoprilat (3 μM), thiorphan (3 μM), or vehicle and incubated for 15 minutes with ANG I (1 μM). Products of ANG I metabolism through classical (ANG II, ANG III, and ANG IV) and alternative (ANG (1–9), ANG (1–7), and ANG (1–5)) pathways were measured in the buffer, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. Incubation with ANG I resulted in higher concentration of ANG II (P = 0.02, vehicle pretreatment) and lower of ANG (1–9) (P = 0.048, perindoprilat pretreatment) in diabetes. Preference for the classical pathway is suggested by higher ANG III/ANG (1–7) ratios in vehicle (P = 0.03), perindoprilat (P = 0.02), and thiorphan pretreated (P = 0.02) diabetic rat. Within the classical pathway, ratios of ANG IV/ANG II (P = 0.01) and of ANG IV/ANG III (P = 0.049), but not of ANG III/ANG II are lower in diabetes. Conclusions. Diabetes in rats led to preference toward deleterious (ANG II, ANG III) over protective (ANG IV, ANG (1–9), and ANG (1–7)) ANG I metabolites.