Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health Technology Use: Implications for Physical Activity Behaviors Among College Students

ABSTRACT College is a time of transitioning as individuals move from the teenage years to adulthood. Accompanying this transition, there is a potential to establish lifelong behaviors such as a regular physical activity (PA) and exercise regimen, or a complete lack thereof, that can impact adulthood health. The current study included a convenience sample from eight student organizations (n = 8) at a midsized Midwest university. Participants (n = 235) completed a research survey packet that included: (a) demographic information including height and weight; (b) The International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-s); and (c) questions pertaining to technology use as it relates to physical activity. Significant results were present between body composition and physical activity levels. Further, the use of technology had a significant impact on physical activity behaviors among college students. Results analyzed by the researchers concluded that the type of technological device (smartphone or app) does not matter, but using some type of technology application/device presumably makes individuals more mindful of their activity and more self-aware of the time in physical activity. These findings could be helpful to health promotion professionals when implementing a program to increase PA for college students.
Increase in the prevalence of arthritis in adulthood among adults exposed to Chinese famine of 1959 to 1961 during childhood

Abstract The developmental origins hypothesis postulates that under-nutrition in the early stage of life is associated with an increased risk of disease in adulthood. This study aimed to examine the association of exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959 to 1961 in early life with the risk of arthritis in adulthood. From July to September 2009, the study adopted multistage stratified random sampling cross-sectional survey to recruit 1224 eligible adults in Chongqing. Famine exposure groups were categorized into 3 groups: (1) childhood exposure, (2) fetal exposure, and (3) nonexposure. Self-reported arthritis of physician diagnosis was obtained. A total of 1224 eligible respondents were interviewed, including 299 individuals exposed during childhood, 455 exposed when fetal, and 470 without exposure. The prevalence of arthritis in adulthood among individuals exposed to famine during childhood was significantly higher than those not exposed (17.39% vs 11.28%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.573 with a 95% confidence interval of [CI] [1.020, 2.424]). Persons exposed to famine during the fetal period did not significantly contribute to a higher rate of arthritis in adulthood than those who were not exposed to famine (13.19% vs 11.28%, OR = 1.072, 95% CI = 0.713, 1.613). In addition, education level, the average monthly income, sleep status, and satisfaction of the present living condition were associated with the risk of arthritis in adulthood. Exposure to the Chinese famine during childhood may be associated with an increased risk of arthritis in adulthood. This study suggests that early life nutrition may have an effect on the risk of arthritis in adulthood.
Resilience Strategies for Successful Aging

The objective of this research was to analyze the strategies resilience and SOC (selection, optimization and compensation) in elderly residents of Ivoti/Brazil. The methodology used was quantitative and descriptive. Participated in the study 193 people aged 60-79 years living in the city of Ivoti. The instruments used were the Resilience Scale and the Inventory SOC. It was found that the participants scored on scale high resilience and the SOC strategy used mostly was the selection for loss, followed by compensation. There was no significant difference in the use of strategies by men or women, or in relation to age groups 60-69 years and 70-79 years. The conclusion was that to be resilient may be a necessary factor for successful aging materializes.
Dendritic cells and host resistance to infection

Host defence against infection requires an integrated response of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Emerging data indicate that dendritic cells contribute an essential part to the initiation and regulation of adaptive immunity. Dendritic cells guard the sites of pathogen entry to the host and are uniquely suited to detect and capture invading microbes. Upon recognition of microbial structures and appropriate activation, a maturation programme is triggered and dendritic cells migrate to lymphoid organs to stimulate a primary cell‐mediated immune response. Moreover, dendritic cells play a critical role in shaping the emerging response, thereby controlling the course of infection. They can discriminate between various types of microorganisms and are capable of producing different cytokines in response to different microbial stimuli. On the other hand, pathogens developed numerous strategies to evade and subvert dendritic cell functions. Elucidating the interactions of dendritic cells with microbial pathogens may lead to novel strategies for combating infectious diseases by dendritic cell‐based vaccination and immunotherapy. This review highlights recent advances in our knowledge of the unique role of dendritic cells in counteracting microbial infections.
Packing Unit Squares in a Rectangle

For a positive integer $N$, let $s(N)$ be the side length of the minimum square into which $N$ unit squares can be packed. This paper shows that, for given real numbers $a,b\geq 2$, no more than $ab -(a+1-\lceil a\rceil) -(b+1-\lceil b\rceil)$ unit squares can be packed in any $a'\times b'$ rectangle $R$ with $a'
Group Allocation Multiple Access in Single-Channel Wireless LANs

The Group Allocation Multiple Access (GAMA) protocol for scheduling variable-length packet transmissions in a single-hop packet-radio network is specified and analyzed. By maintaining a dynamically-sized cycle that changes in length depending on the amount of network traffic, GAMA is able to provide the advantages of both TDMA and CSMA. Each cycle contains a contention period and a group-transmission period; a station with data to send competes for the right to be added to the transmission group by successfully completing an RTS/CTS message exchange during the contention period. Once a station is a member of the transmission group, it is able to transmit a collision-free data packet during each cycle. As long as a station has data to send, it maintains its position in the group. This can be viewed as either allowing stations to “share the floor” in an organized manner, or as establishing frames that are not synchronized on a slot-basis and vary their length dynamically based on demand. The throughput and average delay of GAMA are presented and analyzed; to validate our analysis, the results of both models are compared to the throughput and delay produced by a simulation of GAMA.
Face detection and tracking with an active camera

This paper consider the problem of face detection and tracking with an active camera. An algorithm using the mean-shift method for face detection has been presented. We propose an algorithm that provides automated control of a pan-tilt camera (PTC) to follow a personpsilas face and keep his image centered in the camera view. An error vector defined in the image plane and representing the face offset with respect to the center of the image is used for camera control. Adaptive feedback control design and stability analysis are performed via Lyapunov techniques. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Longitudinal Community-Based Study of QT Interval and Mortality in Southeast Asians

Introduction The prognostic impact of QT interval prolongation has not been well studied in healthy Asians. We investigated the association between the QT interval with mortality and cardiovascular events in a healthy Southeast Asian population. Methods The QT interval corrected for heart rate using the Bazett’s formula (QTc) was measured in 2536 (825 men, mean age 65.7±7.5 years) Singaporean adults free of cardiovascular disease in the population-based Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study. Outcomes were all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular events (cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and/or stroke). Results Over a mean 7.78 years (19695 person-years) of follow-up, there were 202 deaths (45 from cardiovascular causes), 62 cases of myocardial infarction and 64 cases of stroke. Adjusting for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors, QTcB prolongation remained independently associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR(per standard deviation) 1.27 (1.10–1.48), p = 0.0015), as well as increased risk of cardiovascular events (HR 1.20 (1.01–1.43), p = 0.0415) and MI/stroke (HR 1.22 (1.01–1.47), p = 0.0455), but not cardiovascular mortality alone (HR 1.05 (0.77–1.44), p = 0.7562). Conclusions We provide the first community-based estimates of the independent association of QT prolongation with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in Southeast Asians.
The Effect of Resting Heart Rate on the New Onset of Microalbuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

AbstractThe association between resting heart rate and new-onset microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes is not clear. The objective of the current analysis was to assess the relationship between heart rate and incidence of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.Data from the Randomised Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention (ROADMAP) study were retrospectively analyzed. New-onset microalbuminuria was documented and related to heart rate as recorded at baseline and last assessment, and the mean of the measurements taken during the double-blind part of the ROADMAP trial.Patients (n = 4299) had a mean age of 57.8 ± 8.7 years and 46.3% were male. Characteristics were not different between the olmesartan and the placebo groups, except for a higher systolic blood pressure (136.7 vs 135.7 mm Hg; P = 0.04) and albumin creatinine ratio (5.9 vs 5.5; P = 0.03). Increased risk of microalbuminuria was found with increasing heart rate, independent of whether baseline [highest vs lowest quartile odds ratio (OR) 1.39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.87; P = 0.032], last assessment (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.26–2.31; P = 0.001), or mean heart rate was considered (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.30–2.41; P = 0.0003). The greater risk of new-onset microalbuminuria with a high baseline heart rate was also found when data were adjusted for mean systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.00–1.82; P = 0.0496; interaction P < 0.0001). Although there was no risk increase with baseline heart rate in the placebo group (P = 0.8253 for trend), microalbuminuria was less frequent in patients receiving olmesartan in the low heart rate quartiles (P = 0.002 for trend). A low heart rate reduces the risk of patients with type 2 diabetes developing microalbuminuria, independent of blood pressure. The data demonstrate potential benefits of reducing the heart rate of type 2 diabetes patients, and indicate that olmesartan could, in particular, reduce the risk of microalbuminuria in patients with low heart rate.
Palliative management of refractory dyspnea in COPD

COPD is a progressive illness with worldwide impact. Patients invariably reach a point at which they require palliative interventions. Dyspnea is the most distressing symptom experienced by these patients; when not relieved by traditional COPD management strategies it is termed “refractory dyspnea” and palliative approaches are required. The focus of care shifts from prolonging survival to reducing symptoms, increasing function, and improving quality of life. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions can achieve these goals, though evidence supporting their use is variable. This review provides a summary of the options for the management of refractory dyspnea in COPD, outlining currently available evidence and highlighting areas for further investigation. Topics include oxygen, opioids, psychotropic drugs, inhaled furosemide, Heliox, rehabilitation, nutrition, psychosocial support, breathing techniques, and breathlessness clinics.
High-Resolution satellite imaging for digital surface models

: Elevation information is an important component of any geospatial database. It is imperative for applications such as topographic mapping, spatial and temporal change detection, feature extraction and visualisation. Although elevation data may in cases be purchasable from government agencies, the availability of alternative sources of data, such as space imagery, coupled with increased user confidence in technology, it is now viable for consumers to produce their own spatial datasets. With commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software, operators with limited expertise can easily create their own application specific project. This paper will provide a detailed study on the accuracy and performance of elevation extraction from COTS software, with emphasis on digital surface models (DSMs) generated from high-resolution satellite imagery. The evaluation is important due to the high cost investment associated with these systems. In checkpoints favourable to image matching, accuracy to a few pixels in height can be achieved from COTS DSMs; however the isolated points are unlikely to be representative of the entire testfield. Therefore, we look to alternative sources of control, such as the newly available DLR-and NASA-generated SRTM DEMs. A comparison to X-band SRTM DEMs showed that height RMSE values range from 4 – 9 metres, though most of this uncertainty is attributed to the SRTM data.
Specialization of the posterior temporal lobes for audio‐motor processing – evidence from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of skilled drummers

Sounds of hammering or clapping can evoke simulation of the arm movements that have been previously associated with those sounds. This audio‐motor transformation also occurs at the sequential level and plays a role in speech and music processing. The present study aimed to demonstrate how the activation pattern of the sensorimotor network was modulated by the sequential nature of the auditory input and effector. Fifteen skilled drum set players participated in our functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Prior to the scan, these drummers practiced six drumming grooves. During the scan, there were four rehearsal conditions: covertly playing the drum set under the guidance of its randomly‐presented isolated stroke sounds, covertly playing the drum set along with the sounds of learned percussion music, covertly reciting the syllable representation along with this music, and covertly reciting along with the syllable representation of this music. We found greater activity in the bilateral posterior middle temporal gyri for active listening to isolated drum strokes than for active listening to learned drum music. These regions might mediate the one‐to‐one mappings from sounds to limb movements. Compared with subvocal rehearsals along with learned drum music, covert rehearsals of limb movements along with the same music additionally activated a lateral subregion of the left posterior planum temporale. Our results illustrate a functional specialization of the posterior temporal lobes for audio‐motor processing.
Codeswitching language identification using Subword Information Enriched Word Vectors

Codeswitching is a widely observed phenomenon among bilingual speakers. By combining subword information enriched word vectors with linear-chain Conditional Random Field, we develop a supervised machine learning model that identiﬁes languages in a English-Spanish codeswitched tweets. Our computational method achieves a tweet-level weighted F1 of 0.83 and a token-level accuracy of 0.949 without using any exter-nal resource. The result demonstrates that named entity recognition remains a challenge in codeswitched texts and warrants further work.
Studying social relations in MMOG play: An illustration of using ethnography to frame “Big Data”

This paper illustrates the first part of an ultimately more inclusive understanding of the social relations manifest in the play of Massive, Multiplayer On-Line Games. This initial part is based on the premise that comparative ethnography should be used to frame automated analysis of the electronic traces of player actions. This part involves first examining the spaces that become key elements in the virtual world of playing the game, and then time elements. The interesting ways in which space and time are combined are described next. Such observations demonstrate the feasibility of interpreting actual game play in terms of three factors: What follows from the physics engine chosen to render the games' virtual spaces, what follows from the deliberate play choices of games' designers, what is subconsciously carried over by players from the real world. This is an example of how ethnography can be used to create an analytical framework for focused, even hypothesis-driven analysis of large data sets captured from actual game play - specifically a basis for deciding what needs to be observed out of what can be observed, and what they might mean. Only after such preliminary work does it make sense to automate for statistically valid sampling.
Analysis of MicroRNA Expression in the Prepubertal Testis

Only thirteen microRNAs are conserved between D. melanogaster and the mouse; however, conditional loss of miRNA function through mutation of Dicer causes defects in proliferation of premeiotic germ cells in both species. This highlights the potentially important, but uncharacterized, role of miRNAs during early spermatogenesis. The goal of this study was to characterize on postnatal day 7, 10, and 14 the content and editing of murine testicular miRNAs, which predominantly arise from spermatogonia and spermatocytes, in contrast to prior descriptions of miRNAs in the adult mouse testis which largely reflects the content of spermatids. Previous studies have shown miRNAs to be abundant in the mouse testis by postnatal day 14; however, through Next Generation Sequencing of testes from a B6;129 background we found abundant earlier expression of miRNAs and describe shifts in the miRNA signature during this period. We detected robust expression of miRNAs encoded on the X chromosome in postnatal day 14 testes, consistent with prior studies showing their resistance to meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. Unexpectedly, we also found a similar positional enrichment for most miRNAs on chromosome 2 at postnatal day 14 and for those on chromosome 12 at postnatal day 7. We quantified in vivo developmental changes in three types of miRNA variation including 5′ heterogeneity, editing, and 3′ nucleotide addition. We identified eleven putative novel pubertal testis miRNAs whose developmental expression suggests a possible role in early male germ cell development. These studies provide a foundation for interpretation of miRNA changes associated with testicular pathology and identification of novel components of the miRNA editing machinery in the testis.
Detection, Classification and Tracking of Targets in Distributed Sensor Networks

We outline a framework for collaborative signal processing in distributed sensor networks. The ideas are presented in the context of tracking multiple moving objects in a sensor field. The key steps involved in the tracking procedure include event detection, target classification, and estimation and prediction of target location. Algorithms for various tasks are discussed with an emphasis on classification. Results based on experiments with real data are reported which provide useful insights into the essential nature of the problems. Issues, challenges and directions for future research are identified.
Examining the criminology of bot zoo

Internet has become the harvesting ground for many Internet malware. Bots play an important role in Internet malware epidemic. Since the existence of a network the discovery of BotNet has become difficult as they are discovered only after they have spread widely. In a short period of time they make millions of people their victim. Attackers are attacking large network of compromised machines to carry the attacks by using BotNet under the control of a single attacker. BotNets are no new to the Internet. Most Internet users have become familiar with the constant barrage of attacks from all across the world in an attempt to leverage our system. BotNet attackers are in a constant search for new hosts, using any mean necessary to add one or more vulnerable server to the swarm, with motives ranging from childish revenge to high-level extortion schemes. Though the scientific community has acknowledged the existence of malicious BotNet but has not yet fully understood the behavior of these distributed computing platforms. A recent spark is there to understand the study of BotNets and developing detection technologies. This paper presents the results of the efforts done to address these questions. The paper also outlines the types of BotNets and some methods of identifying BotNet, and issues which arise when applying them. This paper also highlights the uses of BotNets, characteristics and detection techniques of BotNet from multiple view points. It is hoped that the information available in this paper will help the research community in the development of unique solution for BotNet detection and control.
Computational Intelligence Routing for Lifetime Maximization in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are typically powerconstrained with limited lifetime, and thus it is necessary to know how long the network sustains its networking operations. Heterogeneous WSNs consists of different sensor devices with different capabilities. One of major issue in WSNs is finding the coverage distance and connectivity between sensors and sink. To increase the network lifetime, this paper proposed Swarm Intelligence, routing technique called Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Ant colony optimization algorithm provides a natural and intrinsic way of exploration of search space of coverage area. Ants communicate with their nest-mates using chemical scents known as pheromones, Based on Pheromone trail between sensor devices the shortest path is found. By finding the coverage distance and sensing range, the network lifetime maximized and reduces the energy usage. Extensive Java Agent Framework (JADE) multi agent simulator result clearly provides more approximate, effective and efficient way for maximizing the lifetime of heterogeneous WSNs. Index Terms wireless sensor networks (WSNs), Ant colony optimization (ACO), connectivity, coverage, network lifetime.
Selectively Reactive Coordination for a Team of Robot Soccer Champions

CMDragons 2015 is the champion of the RoboCup Small Size League of autonomous robot soccer. The team won all of its six games, scoring a total of 48 goals and conceding 0. This unprecedented dominant performance is the result of various features, but we particularly credit our novel offense multi-robot coordination. This paper thus presents our Selectively Reactive Coordination (SRC) algorithm, consisting of two layers: A coordinated opponent-agnostic layer enables the team to create its own plans, setting the pace of the game in offense. An individual opponent-reactive action selection layer enables the robots to maintain reactivity to different opponents. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our coordination through results from RoboCup 2015, and through controlled experiments using a physics-based simulator and an automated referee.