Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radio‐frequency‐sheath‐driven edge plasma convection and interaction with the H mode

It is shown that radio‐frequency (rf) antenna sheaths can bias the edge plasma potential and drive steady‐state convective cells in the scrape‐off layer (SOL). The resulting E×B convective flow opposes the direction of the sheared flow in the SOL induced by the radially decaying Bohm sheath potential. A two‐dimensional fluid simulation shows that the interaction of the opposing poloidal flows produces secondary vortices, which connect the edge of the confined plasma to the antenna limiters, when the antenna–plasma separation is typically of order a few times the local electron skin depth at the antenna. Estimates for typical tokamak edge parameters suggest that the transit time of particles and energy across these vortices is rapid enough to cause the broadening of SOL density and temperature profiles observed during high‐power heating with ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) antennas in monopole phasing. Radio‐frequency‐sheath‐driven convection is also a good candidate to explain the phasing dependen.
A limit of the anisotropy of the microwave background radiation on arc minute scales

After adjustment for observational parameters, various models predict an upper anisotropy limit of microwave background radiation of delta T/T less than 0.00017 at the 95 percent confidence level for uncorrelated patches of sky that are uniform on a 2-arcsec scale. This limit is more than a factor of 2 lower than previous limits on comparable angular scales. Results obtained assuming Gaussian fluctuations place useful constraints on models of galaxy formation based on adiabatic or isocurvature fluctuations in baryonic matter, provided that any reionization of the intergalactic medium occurred at z less than 40. Adiabatic models are ruled out with greater than 95 percent confidence, and isocurvature models with Omega less than 0.8 are inconsistent with the measured limits. Nonbaryonic models with early reionization predict anisotropy levels up to a factor of 3 below the present limit. The lowest predictions come from models with biased galaxy formation, nonbaryonic matter, and early reionization and are as much as a factor of 10 below the present sensitivity limit. The predictions of most popular contending theories of galaxy formation are within reach of the techniques used in this study. 112 refs.
The quantum state diffusion picture of physical processes

In earlier papers the authors introduced a quantum state diffusion model for the evolution of an individual open quantum system and proved localization theorems based on this model. This paper shows in more detail how the diffusion leads to localization in position and phase space, and to symmetry breaking for chiral molecules. The theory of radioactive decay of absorbers and detectors is described in the state diffusion picture. The Mott and Gurney theory of latent image formation in photography is presented in its state diffusion version. It is an example of quantum detection without significant amplification.
Function Projective Synchronization between Three-Cell Quantum-CNN Hyperchaotic System and 6th-Order Cellular Neural Network System with Uncertain Parameters

This paper addresses the function projective synchronization problem between 3-cell Quantum cellular neural network hyperchaotic system and 6th-order cellular neural network system in the presence of unknown system parameters. Quantum-CNN systems produce nanoscale chaotic controllers under certain conditions. Based on Lyapunov stability theory the adaptive control law and the parameter update law are proposed to make the states of the 3-cell Quantum-CNN hyperchaotic system and 6th-order cellular neural network system asymptotically synchronized. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization schemes.
Bioinspired optofluidic lasers for DNA and protein detection

Optofluidic lasers combine the advantages of microfluidics and laser technology. Unlike traditional lasers, optofluidic lasers obtain the optical feedback from microfluidic channels with gain media (e.g., dyes) inside. Due to the small size of microfluidic channels, optofluidic lasers own the unique capabilities in terms of handling liquid of ρL~ μL volumes. Therefore, there is currently a great deal of interest in adapting optofluidic lasers for compact laser light sources and micro-total-analysis systems. Here, we use two examples to demonstrate the feasibility of using optofluidic lasers to sensitively detect DNA and protein. In the first example, the optofluidic laser is used to detect small conformational change in DNA Holliday junctions. The DNA Holliday junction has four branched double-helical arm structures, each of which is conjugated with Cy3 or Cy5 as the donor/acceptor pair. The conformational changes of the Holliday junction lead to the changes of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the donor and the acceptor. Using the optical feedback provided by the optofluidic laser, we are able to achieve nearly 100% wavelength switching. The FRET signal generated by the optofluidic laser is about 16 times more sensitive to DNA conformational changes than the conventional method. The second example is concerned with a fluorescent proteins laser. Green, yellow, and red optofluidic lasers based on fluorescent proteins are demonstrated, and the lasing threshold of 3 μmCitrine is only 1 μJ/mm2. This work will potentially open a door to study protein-protein interactions via the sensitive intra-cavity laser detection method.
SOLAR MOSS PATTERNS: HEATING OF CORONAL LOOPS BY TURBULENCE AND MAGNETIC CONNECTION TO THE FOOTPOINTS

We address the origin of the patchy dark and bright emission structure, known as “moss,” observed by TRACE extreme ultraviolet observations of the solar disk. Here we propose an explanation based on turbulent, patchy heat conduction from the corona into the transition region. Computer simulations demonstrate that magnetic turbulence in coronal loops develops a flux rope structure with current sheets near the flux rope boundaries. Localized heating due to current sheet activity such as magnetic reconnection is followed by heat conduction along turbulent magnetic field lines. The field line trajectories tend to remain near the flux rope boundaries, resulting in selective heating of the plasma in the transition region. This can explain the network of bright regions in the observed moss morphology.
Generalized Fisher Hypothesis Validity for Canada, UK, and Suisse Stock Markets: Evidence
 from ARDL Models

In this paper we propose a decision support tool for the investor in terms of asset allocation. The key question is to know whether equities are perfect hedge against inflation. We chose three democratic countries having common monetary policy based on the Inflation rate stabilization targeting (including Canada, UK, and Suisse) over the period 1999M01-2018M04. We see how the stock return evolution is related to inflation rate Pre, during, and Post 2008 Global financial crisis (GFC). Then, some dynamic version of the Generalized Fisher hypothesis (GFH) models is explored by some univariate autoregressive dynamic linear (ARDL) frameworks. We conclude that during crisis period, being on either Suisse or Canadian stock market, investors can have important abnormal gains.
A Novel Framework for Inner-Outer Sustainability Assessment

Calls for systemic transformations have become prevalent throughout sustainability discourse. Increasingly, these calls point towards consciousness expanding practices and interventions, such as mindfulness, to support the development of individual understandings, skills, and capacities that are conducive to more sustainable ways of being and doing. The growing interest in leveraging inner capacities, including mindsets, worldviews, values, and beliefs for sustainability transformations emerges from concerns that conventional approaches are failing to align social and ecological systems towards long-term viability. Interest in these consciousness-driven transformations is spreading, particularly in governments and prominent organisations. Tempering this enthusiasm are concerns that untethered from moral and ethical guidelines as well as caring understanding of local and global prospects for lasting wellbeing, mindfulness programs, workshops, and interventions for inner transformation can inadvertently strengthen unsustainable systems and deepen inequities. Accordingly, this paper presents an exploratory assessment framework to increase understandings of how events focused on interventions for inner transformation align with broad sustainability requirements. Findings from application of the framework should help to elucidate how these offerings can disrupt normative ways of thinking and doing, and in turn, positively influence multi-scalar transformations. Furthermore, use of the assessment process to plan and/or evaluate inner development offerings is anticipated to help strengthen progress towards sustainability and reduce adverse trade-offs that might undermine positive systemic transformations.
A unified approach to structural change tests based on F statistics, OLS residuals, and ML scores

Three classes of structural change tests (or tests for parameter instability) which have been receiving much attention in both the statistics and econometrics communities but have been developed in rather loosely connected lines of research are unified by embedding them into the framework of generalized M-fluctuation tests (Zeileis and Hornik, 2003). These classes are tests based on F statistics (supF, aveF, expF tests), on OLS residuals (OLS-based CUSUM and MOSUM tests) and on maximum likelihood scores (including the Nyblom-Hansen test). We show that (represantives from) these classes are special cases of the generalized M-fluctuation tests, based on the same functional central limit theorem, but employing different functionals for capturing excessive fluctuations. After embedding these tests into the same framework and thus understanding the relationship between these procedures for testing in historical samples, it is shown how the tests can also be extended to a monitoring situation. This is achieved by establishing a general M-fluctuation monitoring procedure and then applying the different functionals corresponding to monitoring with F statistics, OLS residuals and ML scores. In particular, an extension of the supF test to a monitoring scenario is suggested and illustrated on a real-world data set.
Convergence of the Cahn-Hilliard Equation to the Mullins-Sekerka Problem in Spherical Symmetry

Abstract We show that, as e →0, the solution of the Cahn–Hilliard equation[formula]converges to a solution of the Mullins–Sekerka problem[formula]where ν denotes a normal, V the normal velocity and K the sum of principal curvatures of the interface, provided the solutions are radially symmetric. We use energy type estimates to show that the solution of the Cahn–Hilliard equation can be approximated by the well–known stationary wave solution that corresponds to the potential W .
Futuristic 6G Pervasive On-Demand Services: Integrating Space Edge Computing With Terrestrial Networks

Futuristic 6G technologies will integrate emerging low-Earth orbit (LEO) megaconstellations into terrestrial networks, promising to provide ubiquitous, low-latency and high-throughput network services on-demand. However, several unique characteristics of satellites (e.g., high dynamics and error-prone operational environments) make it very challenging to unleash the potential of megaconstellations and accomplish these aforementioned promises.
Local zinc treatment enhances fracture callus properties in diabetic rats

The effects of locally applied zinc chloride (ZnCl2) on early and late‐stage parameters of fracture healing were evaluated in a diabetic rat model. Type 1 Diabetes has been shown to negatively impact mechanical parameters of bone as well as biologic markers associated with bone healing. Zinc treatments have been shown to reverse those outcomes in tests of nondiabetic and diabetic animals. This study is the first to assess the efficacy of a noncarrier mediated ZnCl2 on bony healing in diabetic animals. This is a promising basic science approach which may lead to benefits for diabetic patients in the future. Treatment and healing were assessed through quantification of callus zinc, radiographic scoring, microcomputed tomography (µCT), histomorphometry, and mechanical testing. Local ZnCl2 treatment increased callus zinc levels at 1 and 3 days after fracture (p ≤ 0.025). Femur fractures treated with ZnCl2 showed increased mechanical properties after 4 and 6 weeks of healing. Histomorphometry of the ZnCl2‐treated fractures found increased callus cartilage area at Day 7 (p = 0.033) and increased callus bone area at Day 10 (p = 0.038). In contrast, callus cartilage area was decreased (p < 0.01) after 14 days in the ZnCl2‐treated rats. µCT analysis showed increased bone volume in the fracture callus of ZnCl2‐treated rats at 6 weeks (p = 0.0012) with an associated increase in the proportion of µCT voxel axial projections (Z‐rays) spanning the fracture site. The results suggest that local ZnCl2 administration improves callus chondrogenesis leading to greater callus bone formation and improved fracture healing in diabetic rats.
Grid Connected Microgrid Optimization and Control for a Coastal Island in the Indian Ocean

For the suggested site in the Maldives, this research paper analyzes the possibility of a hybrid renewable microgrid that is dispatch strategy-governed in both off-grid and on-grid scenarios. The planned microgrid’s techno-environmental-economic-power-system responses have been assessed. Both the power system response study and the techno-environmental-economic study of the modelled microgrid were carried out using the software platforms DIgSILENT PowerFactory and HOMER Pro respectively. Cycle charging (CC) dispatch technique had the lowest performance for both on and off-grid modes, according to the research, with cost of energy (COE) of 0.135 and 0.213 dollars per kWh, and net present costs (NPC) of 132,906 and 147,058 dollars respectively. With an NPC of 113,137 dollars and a COE of 0.166 dollars/kWh, the generator order strategy operates optimally while in on-grid mode. On the other hand, load following operates at its finest in off-grid mode, with a COE of 0.024 dollars/kWh and a NPC of 141,448 dollars. The microgrid’s reactive power, different bus voltages and frequency responses demonstrate how the proposed system, which employs the dispatch approach, voltage Q droop, and input mode PQ controller, operates steadily. For the purpose of illustrating the importance of the research effort, a comparison section between the planned HOMER optimizer and other optimization approaches is also included. The research was done with the Maldives in mind, but it offers a general notion for setting up a microgrid anyplace in the world with comparable weather and load circumstances. The research was done with the Maldives in mind, but it offers a general notion for setting up a microgrid anyplace in the world with comparable weather and load circumstances.
Effects of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide on coronary artery disease outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes with or at high risk for cardiovascular disease: Insights from the SUSTAIN‐6 trial

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA Department of Cardiology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
Numerical Schemes for the Hamilton-Jacobi and Level Set Equations on Triangulated Domains

Borrowing from techniques developed for conservation law equations, numerical schemes which discretize the Hamilton? Jacobi (H-J), level set, and Eikonal equations on triangulated domains are presented. The first scheme is a provably monotone discretization for the H-J equations. Unfortunately, the basic scheme lacks Lipschitz continuity of the numerical Hamiltonian. By employing a “virtual” edge flipping technique, local Lipschitz continuity of the numerical flux is restored on acute triangulations. Next, schemes are introduced and developed based on the weaker concept of positive coefficient approximations for homogeneous Hamiltonians. These schemes possess a discrete maximum principle on arbitrary triangulations and exhibit local Lipschitz continuity of the numerical Hamiltonian. Finally, a class of Petrov? Galerkin approximations is considered. These schemes are stabilized via a least-squares bilinear form. The Petrov? Galerkin schemes do not possess a discrete maximum principle but generalize to high order accuracy. Discretization of the level set equation also requires the numerical approximation of a mean curvature term. A simple mass-lumped Galerkin approximation is presented in Section 6 and analyzed using maximum principle analysis. The use of unstructured meshes permits several forms of mesh adaptation which have been incorporated into numerical examples. These numerical examples include discretizations of convex and nonconvex forms of the H-J equation, the Eikonal equation, and the level set equation.
Chaotic coupling synchronization of hyperchaotic oscillators

In this paper, two kinds of chaotic coupling synchronization schemes are presented. The synchronizability of the coupled hyperchaotic oscillators is proved mathematically and the numerical simulation is also carried out. The numerical calculation of the largest conditional Lyapunov exponent shows that in a given range of coupling strengths, chaotic-coupling synchronization is quicker than the typical continuous-coupling synchronization.
Asymptotic properties of least squares statistics in general vector autoregressive models

A vector autoregression with deterministic terms and with no restrictions to its characteristic roots is considered. Strong consistency results and also some weak convergence results are given for a number of least squares statistics. These statistics are related to the denominator matrix of the least squares estimator as well as the least squares estimator itself. Applications of these results to the statistical analysis of non-stationary economic time-series briefly discussed.
In situ acceleration in extragalactic radio jets

We have examined the energy dissipated by large-scale turbulence in an extragalactic jet. The turbulence is driven by a shear instability which does not disrupt the jet. Fluid theory should be used to treat the evolution of the turbulence, and this allows us to estimate the rate of dissipation without detailed knowledge of the dissipation process. Dissipation occurs due to Fermi acceleration at a scale length approx.10/sup -3/ R and that resonant acceleration plays no role. The Alfvenic component in the turbulent spectrum is dissipated by first being converted into magneto-acoustic waves. An alternative dissipation process due to formation of weak shocks is shown to be equivalent in some respects to Fermi acceleration. Dissipation in the thermal gas should not exceed that due to Fermi acceleration. The effect of Fermi acceleration, adiabatic losses, and radiative losses on an initial power-law distribution with an upper cutoff is studied. Radio emission extending to at least 100 GHz is shown to be possible, and no spectral index gradients are introduced by the acceleration. The upper cutoff can increase due to the acceleration alone or when the acceleration is balanced by radiative losses. The northern jet in NGC 315 is studied in detail. Usingmore » our model for the acceleration, we estimate a jet velocity > or approx. =5000 km s/sup -1/ with Mach number not much greater than 1, and a density < or approx. =1 x 10/sup -4/ f/sup -1/ cm/sup -3/ at the turn-on of the jet at 6 cm, where 0.05< or approx. =f< or approx. =1 is the ratio of synchrotron to mechanical luminosity. The acceleration time is estimated to be approx.5 x 10/sup 5/ yr, and it is predicted that the radius of the jet at the turn-on point should vary with frequency either as . nu. /sup 2/3/ or as . nu. /sup 3/2/, or there may be no frequency dependence, contingent upon the details of the acceleration. « less
Wide-Field Stellar Distributions around the Remote Young Galactic Globular Clusters Palomar 3 and Palomar 4

In a search for tidal extension features and/or streams of the probable parent satellite galaxies around the remote young globular clusters Pal 3 and Pal 4, we used wide-field VI photometry of an area a ∼ 1. °3 × 1. °3 around Pal 3 and an area a ∼ 1. °3 × 0. °9 around Pal 4, obtained with the CFH12K mosaic CCD. Applying the CMD-mask algorithm to stars in the vicinity of the clusters, we selected member star candidates that were used to examine the characteristics of the spatial distribution of stars around Pal 3 and Pal 4. The isodensity contours in the Gaussian-smoothed spatial stellar density maps around the clusters, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test applied to the corresponding luminosity functions, indicate tidal halos around Pal 3 at distances of up to ∼4rt, and around Pal 4 of up to ∼6rt. The stellar distribution around Pal 3 suggests north-south elongations along the directions of the Galactic center and anticenter, and a northeast extension in the direction of the cluster's proper motion. In the vicinity of Pal 4 an extension of a tail around the cluster in the opposite direction to the Galactic center and a possible extension of stars toward the Galactic center have also been detected in the isodensity maps and in the angular luminosity functions. We discuss the relevance of the spatial distribution of stars in possible streams around Pal 3 and Pal 4 to these spatial correlations and to the space orbits of the possible parent satellite galaxies.
Laboratory Demonstration of Astrometric Compensation Using a Diffractive Pupil

Astrometry is a promising exoplanet detection and characterization technique that can detect earth-size exoplanets if submicroarcsecond precision is achieved. However, instrumentation available today can only reach in the order of 102 microarcseconds, mainly limited by long-term dynamic distortions on wide-field observations. To overcome this problem, we propose the implementation of a diffractive pupil, which has an array of microscopic dots imprinted on the primary mirror coating. The dots create diffractive spikes on the focal plane that are used to calibrate image plane distortions that degrade the astrometric measurement precision. This astrometry technique can be utilized simultaneously with coronagraphy for exhaustive characterization of exoplanets (mass, spectra, orbit). We designed and built an astrometry laboratory to validate the diffractive pupil ability to calibrate distortions and stabilize wide-field astrometric measurements over time. We achieved a precision of 0.0123 px, which represents 42% of the 0.0288 px stability measured for this setup before the calibration. On sky units, this result is equivalent to 3.42 × 10-3λ/D that corresponds to 150 μas for a 2.4 m telescope at 500 nm wavelength. Also, at large field angles the distortion error was reduced by a factor of 5 when the calibration was used, proving its effectiveness for large field of view. We present an astrometry error budget here to explain the source of the residual error observed when the diffractive pupil calibration is used.