Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Privacy and Computability of Location-Sensitive Data for Context Authentication

This paper proposes a new privacy-enhancing, context-aware user authentication system, ConSec, which uses a transformation of general location-sensitive data, such as GPS location, barometric altitude and noise levels, collected from the user's device, into a representation based on Locality-Sensitive-Hashing (LSH). This enables numerical computation on the hashed data, which is used by a machine learning classifier to model user behaviour for authentication. We present how ConSec supports learning from categorical as well as numerical data, while addressing a multitude of on-device and network-based threats. ConSec is implemented for the Android platform and an extensive evaluation is presented using data collected in the field from 35 users. Experimental results are promising, with a small equal error rate of 2.5% for user authentication. We then present a security and privacy analysis of the proposed scheme before, lastly, concluding with some future areas of research.
Quantum Phase Angles and su(

Abstract The polar decomposition of the su(2) algebra leads to unitary phase operators which do not close to an algebra with the number operator. It is shown that phase and number operators can be embedded into a larger su(2j + 1) algebra with trigonometric structure constants. In the contraction limit where we pass from the su(2) to the oscillator algebra, the embedding algebra for the phase operators becomes su(∞). The coherent states realization of the su(∞) algebra and its relation to the q-deformed oscillator algebra is briefly discussed.
Sharp bounds on the expectations of second record values from symmetric populations

Combining the greatest convex minorant approximation (Moriguti, S. (1953). A modification of Schwarz's inequality with applications to distributions. Ann. Math. Statist. , 24, 107–113. ) with the Hölder inequality, we establish sharp bounds on the expectations of the second record statistics from symmetric populations. We also determine the distributions for which the bounds are attained. The optimal bounds are numerically evaluated and compared with other classical rough ones.
Dispenser printed circular thermoelectric devices using Bi and Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3

This work presents polymer based composite materials used in slurries form to print low cost and scalable micro-scale Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) devices. Bi-epoxy composite is chosen as n-type material and mechanical alloy p-type Bi0.5Sb1. 5Te3 with 8 wt. % extra Te-epoxy composite is used as p-type material. Maximum power factor of 0.00008 W/m-K2 is achieved for Bi-epoxy and Bi0.5Sb1. 5Te3 with 8 wt. % extra Te-epoxy composite dispenser printed thick films. A 10 couple dispenser printed circular TEG prototype produced 130 μW power at ΔT of 70 K resulting in a device areal power density of 1230 μW/cm2.
Surface kinetics of adatoms in vapor phase epitaxial growth of SiC on 6H‐SiC{0001} vicinal surfaces

Growth of SiC on off‐oriented 6H‐SiC{0001} substrates was quantitatively analyzed based on the theory proposed by Burton, Cabrera, and Frank (BCF theory). By measuring the critical growth conditions where the growth mode changed from step‐flow to two‐dimensional nucleation, the surface diffusion lengths of adatoms on 6H‐SiC(0001)Si and (0001)C faces were calculated with the model. Although the nucleation rate was much higher on (0001)C faces, the surface diffusion length was longer on (0001)C faces. This brought about little difference in the step‐flow growth condition on both faces. Growth conditions where step‐flow growth takes place were predicted as a function of growth parameters such as temperature, growth rate, and off‐angle of substrates. The analysis on off‐angle dependence of growth rate revealed that desorption of adatoms was negligible and the condensation coefficient of supplied species onto the surface was almost unity on substrates with off‐angles of more than 3°.
Wave‐driven inertial oscillations

Abstract In a nonrotating system, the shear Reynolds stresses exerted by surface or internal gravity waves vanish on account of the exact quadrature between the horizontal and vertical orbital velocities. It is shown that a rotation of the system induces small in‐phase perturbations, resulting in a mean Reynolds stress which can generate low frequency currents. If both the wave field and the ocean are homogeneous with respect to the horizontal coordinates, the low‐frequency response is an undamped inertial oscillation. If either the wave field or the ocean are weakly inhomogeneous, the oscillation disperses in the vertical and horizontal directions due to phase‐mixing of modes with closely neighboring frequencies. Other effects which produce small frequency shifts also contribute to phase‐mixing, for example the horizontal component of the Coriolis vector and nonlinear interactions with geo‐strophic currents. The analysis is based on operator representations which avoid normal mode decomposition and yield.
Multivariate Statistical Methods Applied to Sizing and Fit Testing

The difficulty of developing accurate sizing charts for clothing or equipment is often underestimated. Typically, designers intend for the item to fit a specific range of people. However, accommodation ofthat range is not always achieved. Fit testing is an important part of the design process that allows collection of data where the item is actually tried on and used by people, instead of mannequins. Multivariate statistical procedures are the proper analytic techniques for investigating this fit test data. Multivariate methods are used because univariate tests can cause designers to correct a “problem” fit area, leading to possibly more problems, instead of identifying important variable combinations which may be the true fit problem. Some of these multivariate statistical methods include principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA), Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and multivariate regression analysis (MRA). This paper discusses why and when to use these techniques and illustrates some of them with case studies.
X-ray Thomson scattering as a temperature probe for Gbar shock experiments

In X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS), spectrally-resolved spectrometry of probe x-rays scattered from matter gives an elastic (ionic) and an inelastic (electronic) feature, whose location, width, and amplitude can be analyzed for electron density and temperature. This diagnostic is complementary to traditional, mechanical EOS measurements which do not directly constrain temperature. XRTS has been demonstrated on planar dynamic-loading experiments at the Omega laser, and a spectrometer has been constructed for use at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). We plan to obtain XRTS measurements into the Gbar regime using hohlraum-driven converging shocks at NIF. In these experiments, the radial profile through the sample at any instant of time varies greatly, though the XRTS signal is dominated by the densest region, which is close to the shock front where simultaneous radiography obtains an EOS measurement.
ENHANCED PARALLEL TABU SEARCH WITH THE MEMORY OF LOCAL OPTIMA

ABSTRACT Tabu search is a widely used heuristic search method. However, there are two drawbacks in traditional tabu search. First, tabu search, as well as other search methods, only provides the best solution obtained during the search process, and there is no way to know the quality of the obtained solutions. Second, tabu list helps tabu search avoid the problem of looping in a small cycle, but it cannot prevent tabu search from searching previously searched areas again or, worse, looping in a large cycle. The computation time of a search method can be reduced by implementing parallel processing. This study proposes a parallel deterministic simple tabu search, which computes more efficiently and overcomes the two drawbacks mentioned above. The results of our experiments show that it takes less computation effort for the proposed parallel tabu search to find a global optimal solution than for a conventional parallel tabu search.
Spatial Analysis of Employment and Population Density: The Case of the Agglomeration of Dijon 1999

The aim of this paper is to analyze the intraurban spatial distributions of population and employment in the agglomeration of Dijon (regional capital of Burgundy, France). We study whether this agglomeration has followed the general tendency of job decentralization observed in most urban areas or whether it is still characterized by a monocentric pattern. To that purpose, we use a sample of 136 observations at the communal and at the IRIS (infraurban statistical area) levels with 1999 census data and the employment database SIRENE (INSEE). First, we study the spatial pattern of total employment and employment density using exploratory spatial data analysis. Apart from the CBD, few IRIS are found to be statistically significant, a result contrasting with those found using standard methods of subcenter identiÞcation with employment cut-offs. Next, in order to examine the spatial distribution of residential population density, we estimate and compare different specifications: exponential negative, spline-exponential, and multicentric density functions. Moreover, spatial autocorrelation, spatial heterogeneity, and outliers are controlled for by using the appropriate maximum likelihood, generalized method of moments, and Bayesian spatial econometric techniques. Our results highlight again the monocentric character of the agglomeration of Dijon.
Deep imaging of the field of the z = 4.9 quasar PC 1247+3406, and faint galaxy counts in the K band with the Keck telescope

We present deep images in the K. band of the field of the quasar PC 1247 + 3406 at z = 4.897, obtained using the near-infrared camera on the W. M. Keck telescope. A number of faint sources have been detected, some of which appear to be quite red. Their nature and redshifts remain uncertain at this time. These data are combined with deep Keck infrared images of five additional fields and present galaxy counts reaching down to K_s = 22 mag, comparable to the deepest K-band surveys to date. The data presented here are in good agreement with the Hawaii Deep Survey and represent the first independent verification of those results. The slope of the log N-log S relation derived from these data agrees well with the Hawaii Deep Survey, while the counts are slightly higher, especially at the faintest levels probed here. This may be due to a presence of groups or clusters around the target objects at high redshifts.
Numerical analysis of acoustic noise from an electronic cooling fan at flow disturbed by an external obstacle

Axial cooling fans are widely used in data center dense Hard Disk Drive (HDD) storage systems. However, these fans emit high noise levels and degrade HDD performance at certain frequencies. Flow at the fan's inlet can be highly turbulent due to the wake generated by fan components such as struts, finger guards, stators/guide vanes, shrouds, and other external system components such as connectors and mounts, power cables and components, circuits etc. The wake-fan interaction also causes high tonal noise. Therefore a proper understanding of this noise mechanism will help optimize the cooling system in next-generation high-performance HDD enclosure systems. This paper focuses on studying this phenomenon using numerical simulations of a typical data center cooling fan combined with various simplified strut geometries as the obstacle. The high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method, Large Eddy Simulation (LES), was used to obtain a transient flow field. The Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings acoustic analogy was used to predict far-field noise.
SUPERELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING FROM POTASSIUM

Measurements of the orientation and alignment parameters have been performed on potassium atoms using a superelastic scattering technique. In these experiments a laser beam is tuned to the transition in potassium. Electrons are scattered from these excited atoms and those electrons that gain energy in the collision are detected. These superelastic electrons carry information about the orientation and alignment parameters which describe the scattering process. Orientation and alignment parameters have been measured at an electron energy of 10 eV referred to the ground state and over an angular range from to . These parameters are in excellent agreement with those predicted using the convergent close-coupling theory.
Confusion in interferometer observations

The confusion probability distribution in interferometer observations is derived. It is shown that the form of the distribution depends on the correlation between fringe visibilities V and flux densities S of radio sources. Because the $V-S$ correlation depends on the universe model, the evolution of radio source dimensions, and the evolution of the radio luminosity function, the statistical VLBI observations give a new cosmological test to analyse different universe models and evolution models. An expression for the variance of the confusion distribution is obtained. It is shown that the confusion variance in VLBI observations is much less than that in observations with a single radio telescope.
IUE temperatures for white dwarf stars in and around the ZZ ceti instability strip

We have analyzed all the archival IUE images of the DA4 and DA5 white dwarfs with model atmosphere fluxes incorporating the quasimolecular opacities to obtain a consistent set of temperatures for both the variables and nonvariables in and around the ZZ Ceti instability strip. We have found four nonvariable stars inside the instability strip. Taken at face value, this indicates that temperature is not the only parameter that determines if a star pulsates or not, but the large uncertainties in the temperature determinations makes it impossible for us to offer this as more than just a suggestion at the present time
Adaptive multiscale reconstruction of buried objects

In this contribution, an adaptive multiscale approach for the localization and characterization of buried objects in a half-space is proposed. The main goal of the approach is to reduce the number of elements to be estimated and so the degrees of freedom in the unknown profile. This leads to improvement of the robustness of the inversion and to an increase in the quality of reconstruction. The proposed inversion scheme is based on an adaptive, coarse-to-fine iterative strategy using spline pyramids. The global procedure consists of sequences of non-linear inversions separated by refinement steps, which overall produces an accurate, low-order representation of the sought object.
Contact resistance measurements on p‐type 6H‐SiC

Specific contact resistance measurements are reported for Al‐Ti ohmic contacts to epitaxial p‐type 6H‐SiC as a function of epitaxial doping. The circular transmission line method was used to measure the specific contact resistance including the sheet resistance of the epitaxial layer and the modified sheet resistance under the contact. Epitaxial layers with Al doping between 5.5×1015 and 2×1019 cm−3 yielded specific contact resistances between 2.9×10−2 and 1.5×10−5 Ω cm2. A good theoretical fit to the contact resistance data was obtained by assuming the metal‐6H‐SiC barrier height to equal 0.37 eV.
Optimization and Analysis on Trajectory with Multiple Constraints for Hypersonic Air-vehicle

The trajectory optimization technology is one of the key technologies for hypersonic air-vehicle. There are multiple constraints in the process of hypersonic flight, such as uncertainty of flight environment, thermal current, dynamic pressure and overload. The trajectory optimization of hypersonic air-vehicle is facing with a great challenge. This article studies the direct shooting method, the Gauss pseudo spectral method and sequential gradient-restoration algorithm, among which the direct shooting method simply makes the control variables discrete in the time domain, and obtains the status value by explicit numerical integration; Gauss pseu- do spectral method makes the status variable and control variable discrete in a series of Gauss points, and con- structs multinomial to approximate to the status and control variable by taking the discrete points as the nodes; sequential gradient-restoration algorithm uses iteration to meet the constraints and minimize the increment of initial value of control and status variable in order to constantly approximate to the optimal solution on condition that the constraints meet first order approximation. Finally this article conducts a numerical simulation by taking the diving segment of hypersonic air-vehicle as an example for comparative analysis on those three algorithms respectively from, such as, the initial value selection, constraint handling, convergence speed and calculation accuracy. The simulation result indicates Gauss pseudo spectral method is a method with fairly good comprehen- sive performance.
A DATABASE FOR GALAXY EVOLUTION MODELING

This paper represents a collective effort to provide an extensive electronic database useful for the interpretation of the spectra and evolution of galaxies. A broad variety of empirical and theoretical data are discussed here, and the data are made fully available in the AAS CD-ROM Series, Vo. 7. Several empirical stellar libraries are part of this database. They cover the ultraviolet spectral range observed with IUE, optical data from different ground-based telescopes, and ground-based infrared data. Spectral type coverage depends on the wavelength, but it is mostly complete for types O and M and luminosity classes V to I. A large metallicity range is covered as well. Theoretical libraries of selected spectral indices of cool stars and of stellar continuum fluxes in the temperature range 2000 K to 50,000 K, as well as Wolf-Rayet energy distributions are presented. Several libraries of star clusters and early-type galaxies have been selected for this database. We discuss an extensive set of empirical spectra templates covering the wavelength region from 1200 - 9800 A, as well as narrow-band line indices in a large number of passbands. Bench-mark spectra of nearby galaxies for model tests are included as well. We compiled numerous evolutionary models and isochrones for stars of all mass ranges of interest, wide metallicity range, and for all evolutionary phases, including the pre-main-sequence phase. The majority of the models have been computed by the Geneva and Padova groups. Evolutionary synthesis models computed by several independent groups are made available. They can be applied to old and young systems, and are optimized with respect to different aspects of input physics. The model predictions include stellar (colors, magnitudes, absorption features) and nebular (emission-line fluxes) properties. Finally, we present models of ionized gas to be used for the interpretation of active galactic nuclei and young star-forming galaxies. The community is encouraged to make use of this electronic database and to perform a critical comparison between the individual datasets.
A Short Note on Alternative Strong Force

All nucleons are concentrated in an infinitesimal region in the atom under the strong force forming the collective model. Mathematically, formation of this force has been explained by H. Yukawa in [1]. But, in this text, this force has been derived following an alternative and constructive method (or system) which also leads to explain the generalized nuclear model.
A Metropolis-Hastings based method for sampling from the G-Wishart distribution in Gaussian graphical models

Abstract: In Gaussian graphical models, the conjugate prior for the precision matrix K is called G-Wishart distribution, WG(δ,D). In this paper we propose a new sampling method for the WG(δ,D) based on the Metropolis Hastings algorithm and we show its validity through a number of numerical experiments. We show that this method can be easily used to estimate the Deviance Information Criterion, providing with a computationally inexpensive approach for model selection.
Mathematical analysis to an adaptive network of the Plasmodium system

Adaptive networks are emerging a lot of fields of science, recently. In this paper, we consider about a mathematical model for adaptive network made by the plasmodium. The organism contains a tube network by means of which nutrients and signals circulate through the body. The tube network changes its shape to connect two exits through the shortest path when the organism is put in a maze and food is placed at two exits. Recently, a mathematical model for this adaptation process of the plasmodium has been proposed. Here we analyze it mathematically rigorously. In ring-shaped network and Wheatstone bridge-shaped net work. we mainly show that the globally asymptotically stable equilibrium point of the model corresponds to the shortest path connecting two special points on the network in the case where the shortest path is determined uniquely. From the viewpoint of mathematical technique, especially in the case of Wheatstone bridge-shaped network, we show that there is a simple but novel device used here by which we prove the global asymptotic stability, even when Lyapunov function cannot be constructed.
Impulse coupling to targets in vacuum by KrF, HF, and CO2 single‐pulse lasers

We present a laser‐target scaling model which permits approximate prediction of the dependence of ablation pressure, mechanical coupling coefficient, and related parameters in vacuum upon single‐pulse laser intensity (I), wavelength (λ), and pulse width (τ) over extremely broad ranges. We show that existing data for vacuum mechanical coupling coefficient for metallic and endothermic nonmetallic, surface‐absorbing planar targets follows this empirical trend to within a factor of 2 over 7 orders of magnitude in the product (Iλ(τ)1/2). The comparison we present is valid for intensity equal to or greater than the peak‐coupling intensity Imax, where denseplasma formation mediates laser‐target coupling. Mechanical coupling coefficients studied ranged over two orders of magnitude. The data supporting this trend represent intensities from 3 MW/cm2 to 70 TW/cm2, pulse widths from 1.5 ms to 500 ps, wavelengths from 10.6 μm to 248 nm, and pulse energies from 100 mJ to 10 kJ. With few exceptions, data approximating o.
Sample Boundedness of Stochastic Processes Under Increment Conditions

Let (T, d) be a compact metric space of diameter D, and ∥• be an Orlicz norm. When is it true that all (separable) processes (X t ) t∈T that satisfy the increment condition ∥X t −X s ∥≤d(t, s) for all s, t in T are sample bounded? We give optimal necessary conditions and optimal sufficient conditions in terms of the existence of a probability measure on T that satisfies an integral condition. When T is a compact group and d is translation invariant, we are able to compute the necessary and sufficient condition in several cases