Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonsurgical Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Pediatric patient visits for spinal deformity are common. Most of these visits are for nonsurgical management of scoliosis, with approximately 600,000 visits for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) annually. Appropriate management of scoliotic curves that do not meet surgical indication parameters is essential. Renewed enthusiasm for nonsurgical management of AIS (eg, bracing, physical therapy) exists in part because of the results of the Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial, which is the only randomized controlled trial available on the use of bracing for AIS. Bracing is appropriate for idiopathic curves between 20° and 40°, with successful control of these curves reported in >70% of patients. Patient adherence to the prescribed duration of wear is essential to maximize the effectiveness of the brace. The choice of brace type must be individualized according to the deformity and the patient’s personality as well as the practice setting and brace availability.
Toward a comprehensive hierarchical structure of personality traits: commentary on Ferguson (2011)

In an important and provocative article, Ferguson (2011) argues that ‘personality traits are central to health psychology’ (p. 2). I strongly endorse this view, and I further agree that health-oriented trait research needs to be situated within hierarchical structural models of personality. Starting in the 1980s, we have made enormous progress towards articulating a consensual, comprehensive hierarchical taxonomy of traits (for reviews of these developments, see Markon, Krueger, & Watson, 2005; Watson, Clark, & Chmielewski, 2008; Watson, Clark, & Harkness, 1994). Nevertheless, some important questions remain unresolved. As Ferguson discusses at some length, one key issue concerns whether 1, 2, 3 or 5 traits define the apex of this hierarchy. I concur with two key aspects of Ferguson’s analysis of this issue. First, it is clear that method variance is at least partially responsible for observed correlations among the traits defining the five-factor model (FFM). Second, I agree that the data currently provided in support of a general factor of personality (GFP) remain relatively weak and unconvincing. Although this eliminates the GFP as a serious taxonomic option, other evidence suggests that Digman’s ‘Big Two’ and Eysenck’s ‘Big Three’ capture important and psychologically meaningful aspects of trait structure (see Markon et al., 2005). Nevertheless, it certainly is true that the higher order traits defining the FFM neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness represent a very useful organising framework for health research, and I will adopt this model in this commentary. Indeed, this framework is even more valuable and encompassing than Ferguson currently suggests. After summarising research related to the FFM, Ferguson asserts that ‘there are traits beyond these five factors . that have particular relevance to health psychology’ (p. 17). He focuses in particular on four trait constructs: empathy, health anxiety, Type D and alexithymia. In introducing these traits, Ferguson offers this interesting statement: ‘While all are associated with FFM domains . they are not theoretically subsumed under the FFM domains’ (p. 17).
Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Westphalian Myth

The 350th anniversary of the Peace of Westphalia in 1998 was largely ignored by the discipline of international relations (IR), despite the fact that it regards that event as the beginning of the international system with which it has traditionally dealt. By contrast, there has recently been much debate about whether the “Westphalian system” is about to end. This debate necessitates, or at least implies, historical comparisons. I contend that IR, unwittingly, in fact judges current trends against the backdrop of a past that is largely imaginary, a product of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century fixation on the concept of sovereignty. I discuss how what I call the ideology of sovereignty has hampered the development of IR theory. I suggest that the historical phenomena I analyze in this article—the Thirty Years' War and the 1648 peace treaties as well as the post–1648 Holy Roman Empire and the European system in which it was embedded—may help us to gain a better understanding of contemporary international politics.
Chaos in resonant-tunneling superlattices.

Spatiotemporal chaos is predicted to occur in n-doped semiconductor superlattices with sequential resonant tunneling as their main charge transport mechanism. Under dc voltage bias, undamped time-dependent oscillations of the current (due to the motion and recycling of electric field domain walls) have been observed in recent experiments. Chaos is the result of forcing this natural oscillation by means of an appropriate external microwave signal.
A Postscript to Poston on the Article

The airlines charge too much. The generals usually get their way. Candy is bad for the teeth. The definite article here is to single out (make definite) the thing mentioned against the background of a more inclusive whole. This is easiest to see with the third example, where the larger whole that we have in mind is the human body. We would never say Candy is bad for the teeth to refer to a dog's teeth or to teeth detached from a human body, even though the statement is true. With the first example the larger whole is perhaps 'common carriers in general, hence the airlines in particular'. With the third, it is something like 'officers' or 'people in government service'.
Personalized indexing for heterogeneous multimedia data

The work presented in this article fall under the scope of multimedia documents coming from a heterogeneous corpus that its aims to improve the quality of semantic search of information. We propose a unified indexing model based on the integration of user profile to the indexing process. The general idea of our proposal is to operate the common concepts between the representation of a document and the definition of a user via his profile, these two elements will be added as additional indexing entities to enrich the heterogeneous corpus database indexes. We believe that these new concepts will enable the improvement of the automatic judging of documents relating to user profile. We have developed IRONTO domain ontology allowing annotation of documents in the field of information retrieval. We will present also the tool developed validating the proposed model. An evaluation phase aims at comparing the execution result according to two indexing modes: one without integration of the user profile and the other with the integration of the user profile using our unified model. The results show that the use of user profile in the process of semantic indexing improves significantly the performance of research in relation to the first indexing mode.
Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas

Background Understanding the dynamics of the human range expansion across northeastern Eurasia during the late Pleistocene is central to establishing empirical temporal constraints on the colonization of the Americas [1]. Opinions vary widely on how and when the Americas were colonized, with advocates supporting either a pre-[2] or post-[1], [3], [4], [5], [6] last glacial maximum (LGM) colonization, via either a land bridge across Beringia [3], [4], [5], a sea-faring Pacific Rim coastal route [1], [3], a trans-Arctic route [4], or a trans-Atlantic oceanic route [5]. Here we analyze a large sample of radiocarbon dates from the northeast Eurasian Upper Paleolithic to identify the origin of this expansion, and estimate the velocity of colonization wave as it moved across northern Eurasia and into the Americas. Methodology/Principal Findings We use diffusion models [6], [7] to quantify these dynamics. Our results show the expansion originated in the Altai region of southern Siberia ∼46kBP , and from there expanded across northern Eurasia at an average velocity of 0.16 km per year. However, the movement of the colonizing wave was not continuous but underwent three distinct phases: 1) an initial expansion from 47-32k calBP; 2) a hiatus from ∼32-16k calBP, and 3) a second expansion after the LGM ∼16k calBP. These results provide archaeological support for the recently proposed three-stage model of the colonization of the Americas [8], [9]. Our results falsify the hypothesis of a pre-LGM terrestrial colonization of the Americas and we discuss the importance of these empirical results in the light of alternative models. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate that the radiocarbon record of Upper Paleolithic northeastern Eurasia supports a post-LGM terrestrial colonization of the Americas falsifying the proposed pre-LGM terrestrial colonization of the Americas. We show that this expansion was not a simple process, but proceeded in three phases, consistent with genetic data, largely in response to the variable climatic conditions of late Pleistocene northeast Eurasia. Further, the constraints imposed by the spatiotemporal gradient in the empirical radiocarbon record across this entire region suggests that North America cannot have been colonized much before the existing Clovis radiocarbon record suggests.
Asian and black elders and community care: A survey of care providers

Abstract For the increasing number of Asian and black people who are in the older age groups, a factor in multiple disadvantage is marginalisation in community care planning and provision. Asian and black elders are regarded as numerically insignificant, and the stereotype that Asian and black communities have a special capacity to ‘look after their own’ facilitates an expectation that they will make up for deficits in health and social services provision. This article reports on a survey of care providers’ perspectives on the implications of community care policy for Asian and black elders in Bradford. The main lines of argument are that whilst in theory the policy opens up possibilities for ethnic minorities, these can only be realised if it is recognised how problematic the stereotypical expectation is, and that pressures on Asian and black carers and the limitations of the ethnic minority voluntary sector must also be recognised.
Assessment of Depression, Anxiety and Apathy in Prodromal and Early Huntington Disease

The Functional Rating Scale Taskforce for pre-Huntington Disease (FuRST-pHD) is a multinational, multidisciplinary initiative with the goal of developing a data-driven, comprehensive, psychometrically sound, rating scale for assessing symptoms and functional ability in prodromal and early Huntington disease (HD) gene expansion carriers. The process involves input from numerous sources to identify relevant symptom domains, including HD individuals, caregivers, and experts from a variety of fields, as well as knowledge gained from the analysis of data from ongoing large-scale studies in HD using existing clinical scales. This is an iterative process in which an ongoing series of field tests in prodromal (prHD) and early HD individuals provides the team with data on which to make decisions regarding which questions should undergo further development or testing and which should be excluded. We report here the development and assessment of the first iteration of interview questions aimed to assess Depression, Anxiety and Apathy in prHD and early HD individuals.
Revisiting the Tragedy of the Commons: Ecological Dilemmas of Whale Watching in the Azores

This paper explores a possible theoretical framework for studying issues in common-pool resource that emerge from tensions between place-specific notions of common rights and state regulation of access to commons. While the former is historically informed by “traditional ecological knowledge,” the latter is based on abstract international environmental law and on capitalist-oriented development goals. This paper analyzes the regulation of whale watching in the archipelago of the Azores, Portugal, to show how variously situated social actors conceptualized the rights of access to marine commons. It also reveals how these distinct views came into conflict, not only in the context of finding ways to regulate whale watching but also through actual practices of this commercial activity. The Azorean example suggests that a successful process of communication among these different views can lead to ecological learning and improved ecological wisdom of those involved, and, thus, a more sustainable use of marine c.
Building a Scalable Database-Driven Reverse Dictionary

In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a reverse dictionary. Unlike a traditional forward dictionary, which maps from words to their definitions, a reverse dictionary takes a user input phrase describing the desired concept, and returns a set of candidate words that satisfy the input phrase. This work has significant application not only for the general public, particularly those who work closely with words, but also in the general field of conceptual search. We present a set of algorithms and the results of a set of experiments showing the retrieval accuracy of our methods and the runtime response time performance of our implementation. Our experimental results show that our approach can provide significant improvements in performance scale without sacrificing the quality of the result. Our experiments comparing the quality of our approach to that of currently available reverse dictionaries show that of our approach can provide significantly higher quality over either of the other currently available implementations.
Optimal multicast in multi-channel multi-radio wireless networks

Recent advances in wireless technology have made it increasingly feasible to equip wireless nodes with multiple radios, thereby allowing each radio to exploit channel diversity in the form of orthogonal, non-overlapping transmission spectrums. Multi-channel operation mitigates interference, but at the same time raises new challenges for network optimization, in terms of judicious channel assignment for efficient bandwidth utilization. While previous research mostly studies optimizing channel assignment for unicast, we focus instead on multicast, which is an efficient mechanism for one-to-many data dissemination. We derive a model for optimal multicast in multi-channel multi-radio wireless networks under the assumption that channel assignment is static. Our model employs network coding as the multicast mechanism of choice, and exploits the broadcast nature of omnidirectional antennas for efficient bandwidth utilization. Based on the model derived, we formulate optimal multicast as a linear integer program. Two accompanying solutions are proposed: a greedy channel assignment scheme and an improved iterative scheme inspired by primal-dual algorithm design. The effectiveness of the two schemes are empirically examined through simulation studies, and are compared to results obtained from solving the integer program as well as its linear programming relaxation. Finally, we present an alternate model for optimal multicast under the assumption that transmission frequencies are not fixed divisions of the usable spectrum.
Multiple organizational identification levels and the impact of perceived external prestige and communication climate

sEarlier studies have shown that perceived external prestige and communication climate influence organizational identification. In this paper we present the results of a study of the influence of communication climate and perceived external prestige on organizational identification at various organizational levels of a regional police organization. In total, 314 respondents filled out a questionnaire on communication climate, perceived external prestige and organizational identification. The results of this study show that communication climate has the strongest link with employee identification when it concerns the identification with the daily work group and a weaker one with the organization as a whole. It also appears that perceived external prestige has a stronger influence on the identification with the organization as a whole than on the identification at the more concrete organizational levels (such as department or work group). This research offers reasons to presuppose that organizational identification and communication climate are multiple constructs. If management wishes to influence organizational identification through a bottom-up process, it is wise to pay particular attention to the communication climate in the work groups. Influencing organizational identification with the organization as a whole is better conducted through perceived external prestige.
Deliberate self‐harm in the elderly

This article reviews 145 patients over the age of 65 years seen at a district general hospital after deliberate self‐harm between 1973 and 1985. There was no significant change in the numbers seen per year, and they comprised 5.4% of all the hospital's self‐harm cases. The male to female ratio was 1:1·5 although the self‐harm rates for males and females over 65 in the local population were identical. Fifty‐five per cent widowed, over 90% of the patients had depressive conditions, only 3% had an established dementia, and 63% had significant physical illness. Half the patients received inpatient psychiatric treatment. Under 10% of the patients gave a history of earlier self‐harm, while both the repetition and suicide rates were very low. These findings are discussed.
Graduate Employability, 'Soft Skills' Versus 'Hard' Business Knowledge: A European Study

There is a growing awareness in the UK and mainland Europe of the importance of higher education to the development of a knowledge-based economy. European universities are increasingly required to produce highly mobile graduates able to respond to the ever-changing needs of the contemporary workplace. Following the Bologna Declaration (19991. 19 June 1999 . “The European Higher Education Area” (Bologna Declaration), Joint Declaration of the European Ministers of Education, Bologna, higher education across Europe has expanded rapidly. This has resulted in questions being raised about the quality of the graduate labour market and the ability of graduates to meet the needs of employers. This paper analyses graduate and employer perspectives of graduate employability in four European countries (UK, Austria, Slovenia and Romania). In doing so it adds to current debates in this area.
Training scenario prototyping for VR‐based simulation of neonatal decision‐making

This paper presents the design and implementation of a real‐time system for virtual reality (VR)‐based training in neonatal medicine, with main emphasis on simple creation of various training scenarios. This system combines an articulated 3D model of a virtual newborn with text‐based descriptions of its physiological and behavioral responses, enabling medical experts to easily construct, simulate and revise an arbitrary postnatal critical situation. Afterwards, the resulting descriptions of newborn's behavior can be used for technical specifications (and even for automatic generation) of more complex behavioral models, such as finite‐state automata. © 2007 wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 317–328, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20121
Wire synthesizable global routing for timing closure

Despite remarkable progress in the area of global routing, the burdens imposed by modern physical synthesis flows are far greater than those expected or anticipated by available (academic) routing engines. As interconnects dominate the path delay, physical synthesis such as buffer insertion and gate sizing has to integrate with layer assignment. Layer directives — commonly generated during wire synthesis to meet tight frequency targets — play a critical role in reducing interconnect delay of smaller technology nodes. Unfortunately, they are not presently understood or honored by leading global routers, nor do existing techniques trivially extend toward their resolution. The shortcomings contribute to a dangerous blindspot in optimization and timing closure, leading to unroutable and/or underperforming designs. In this paper, we aim to resolve the layer compliance problem in routing congestion evaluation and global routing, which is very critical for timing closure with physical synthesis. We propose a method of progressive projection to account for wire tags and layer directives, in which classes of nets are successively applied and locked while performing partial aggregation. The method effectively models the resource contention of layer constraints by faithfully accumulating capacity of bounded layer ranges, enabling three-dimensional assignment to subsequently achieve complete directive compliance. The approach is general, and can piggyback on existing interfaces used to communicate with popular academic engines. Empirical results on the IC-CAD 2009 benchmarks demonstrate that our approach successfully routes many designs that are otherwise unroutable with existing techniques and na¨ıve approaches.
Effects of mimicking : Acting prosocially by being emotionally moved

Mimicry is functional for empathy and bonding purposes. Studies on the consequences of mimicry at a behavioral level demonstrated that mimicry increases prosocial behavior. However, these previous studies focused on the mimickee. In the present paper, we investigated whether mimickers also become more helpful due to mimicry. In two studies, we have demonstrated that participants, who mimicked expressions of a person shown on a video, donated more money to a charity than participants who did not mimic. Moreover, the processes by which mimicry and prosocial behavior are related largely remain empirically unexamined in existing literature. The results of Study 2 confirmed our hypothesis that affective empathy mediates the relationship between mimicry and prosocial behavior. This suggests that mimicry created an affective empathic mindset, which activated prosocial behaviors directed toward others.
Optimization Models and Prediction of Drilling Rate (rop) for the Brazilian Pre-salt Layer

This article presents an on-going research that addresses the optimization of the cost of drilling wells in environments of high complexity and risk such as those related to the pre-salt region offshore Brazil. The minimization of these costs is directly related to the maximization of ROP (Rate of Penetration). The metric cost, i.e., the cost per meter of drilled not rely solely on the ROP. It directly involves minimization of two major components of that cost: the cost of drills and the operations cost. In short, the better combination number of bits used (generally smaller is better) versus meters drilled, increased ROP and reduced the cost per meter drilled. Finding the best combination is a difficult task. The ideal way to this nirvana is a good planning well and good control of the operation during the process. In such scenarios, it is essential to utilize software tools able to predict and improve the rate of penetration. Such tools must consider both extrinsic drilling skills training, as well as the effects of drilling parameters and drill wear. Such computer systems may, for instance, come to provide reliable alternatives to drilling plans and/or considering alternative plans presented, confirming them or rejecting them based on the information available. The process of creation and implementation of computational models capable of predicting and optimizing the rate of penetration (ROP) in the pre-salt wells is not trivial process. In this research the following techniques are investigated: a Bayesian inference approach for targeting the elicitation process and subsequent combination of models; and a Dynamic Evolving Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (DENFIS). We present the results of this investigation to date, the relevance of the proposed approach and the future prospects of their use for the delivery of viable solutions to the problem.