Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pad per day usage, urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections in nursing home residents.

BACKGROUND many elderly suffer from urinary incontinence and use absorbent pads. Pad use per day (PPD) is a frequently used measure of urinary incontinence. Nursing home residents are often dependent on help from nursing staff to change pads. This study was performed in order to determine whether PPD is a reliable method to quantify urinary incontinence in nursing home residents. Furthermore, the association between urinary tract infections (UTIs), PPD and fluid intake was studied. METHODS data were retrieved from a multicentre, prospective surveillance among nursing home residents. Data on the use of absorbent pads, fluid intake and incontinence volumes were collected during 48 h. During a 1-year follow-up period, data on UTIs were collected. RESULTS in this study, 153 residents were included, of whom 118 (77%) used absorbent pads. Residents who used absorbent pads were at increased risk of developing UTIs compared to residents who did not use pads (41 vs 11%; P = 0.001). Daily fluid intake was not associated with UTIs (P = 0.46). The number of pad changes showed no correlation with the risk of developing UTIs (P = 0.62). Patients with a given PPD presented a wide range of incontinence volumes. CONCLUSION the use of absorbent pads is associated with an increased risk of developing UTIs. PPD and daily fluid intake are not correlated with the risk of developing UTIs. PPD is an unreliable measure of urinary incontinence in nursing home residents.
Obfuscating branch decisions based on encrypted data using MISR and hash digests

In this work, we present a novel obfuscation technique that addresses the problem of information leakage in programs with branch decisions based on encrypted data. Our observation is that we can obfuscate individual branch decisions by non-deterministically evaluating all possible execution paths, before “lazily” resolving a digest of the intended branch sequence. We are exploring the effectiveness of signature- and hash-based message digests that are hard to invert and disconnect the branch decisions and the controlling values. Our approach is showcased using a single instruction abstract machine, which is Turing complete and supports branching over encrypted data.
Modification of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein expression during experimental infection of rhesus macaques

Clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori show marked diversity, which may derive from genomic changes that occur during the often lifelong association of the bacterium with its human host. We used the rhesus macaque model, together with DNA microarrays, to examine genomic changes in H. pylori that occur early during experimental infection. Microarray analysis showed that H. pylori recovered from challenged macaques had deleted babA, a member of a large family of paralogous outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that mediates attachment of H. pylori to the Lewis B blood group antigen on gastric epithelium. In some cases the babA gene was replaced by babB, an uncharacterized OMP that is closely related to babA. In other cases the babA gene was present but was not expressed because of alteration in dinucleotide CT repeats in the 5′ coding region. In either case, strains lacking babA did not adhere to Lewis B, which is expressed on macaque gastric epithelium. Absence of babA and duplication of babB was also seen in H. pylori isolates derived from human clinical samples, suggesting that this gene conversion event is not unique to experimentally infected rhesus monkeys. These results demonstrate in real time with a relevant animal model that H. pylori regulates OMP expression in vivo by using both antigenic variation and phase variation. We suggest that changes in babA and babB after experimental infection of macaques represent a dynamic response in the H. pylori outer membrane that facilitates adherence to the gastric epithelium and promotes chronic infection.
A Preliminary Study of Aroma Composition and Impact Odorants of Cabernet Franc Wines under Different Terrain Conditions of the Loess Plateau Region (China)

Due to its appropriate climate characteristics, the Loess Plateau region is considered to be one of the biggest optimal regions for producing high-quality mountain wine in China. However, the complex landform conditions of vineyards are conducive to the formation of mountainous microclimates, which ultimately influence the wine quality. This study aimed to elucidate the influences of three terrain conditions of the Loess Plateau region on the aroma compounds of Cabernet Franc wines by using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 40, 36 and 35 volatiles were identified and quantified from the flat, lower slope and higher slope vineyards, respectively. Esters were the largest group of volatiles, accounting for 54.6–56.6% of total volatiles, followed by alcohols. Wines from the slope lands had the higher levels of aroma compounds than that from flat land. According to their aroma-active values (OAVs), ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate and isoamyl acetate were the most powerful compounds among the eight impact odorants, showing only quantitative but not qualitative differences between the three terrain wines. The shapes of the OAVs for three terrain wines were very similar.
Regulation of IFN‐γ production in granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐deficient mice

Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐deficient (GM‐CSF−/−) mice produce far lower serum levels of IFN‐γ in response to LPS than GM‐CSF+/+ mice. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from LPS‐injected GM‐CSF−/− mice showed a deficiency in IFN‐γ production and proliferative activity in response to IL‐2 and IL‐12, whereas IFN‐γ production by NK cells was not compromised. These defects of T cells were reversed by administration of GM‐CSF in vivo, but not by supplementation with GM‐CSF in vitro. GM‐CSF−/− mice do not have an intrinsic defect in IFN‐γ production, because IL‐12 injection induces the same high levels of IFN‐γ in GM‐CSF−/− and GM‐CSF+/+ mice. To investigate the inhibitory effect of LPS on GM‐CSF−/− T cells and the indirect restorative activity of GM‐CSF, we tested the action of supernatants from cultured dendritic cells (DC). A factor or factors in the DC supernatant normalized serum IFN‐γ levels and T cell responses in LPS‐injected GM‐CSF−/− mice. IL‐18 reproduced some but not all of these in vivo and in vitro effects of DC supernatants. Our results indicate that GM‐CSF is important in protecting T cells from inhibitory signals generated during immunization or exposure to LPS, and that this effect of GM‐CSF is indirect and mediated by factors produced by DC.
Oxymatrine suppresses MOVAS proliferation induced by platelet-derived growth factor via G0/G1 arrest

Objective: The traditional Chinese medicine Oxymatrine (OMT) has numerous biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, anti-proliferation and anti-tumor. However, the underlying effect of OMT on vascular smooth muscle cells remains unclear. Herein, the aim of this study is to investigate the role and mechanism of OMT on MOVAS (a mouse vascular aortic smooth muscle cell line) proliferation induced by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Methods: Firstly, we assessed proliferation in MOVAS subjected to PDGF-BB induction or controlled intervention with/without OMT treatment. And then we detected cell cycle, cell apoptosis and the expression levels of cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) and p21 of each group. Results: In the present study, we found that OMT remarkably restrained the proliferation induced by PDGF-BB stimulus. Additionally, it was demonstrated that cell population of MOVAS treated with OMT in the S phase was reduced, but that of MOVAS in the G0/G1 phase was increased when compared to the PDGF-BB group. However, OMT treatment showed no effect on MOVAS apoptosis. Mechanistically, the expression of cyclinD1-CDK4/6 and cyclinE2-CDK2 were inhibited, while the expression of p21 was increased in MOVAS treated with OMT. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OMT on proliferation of MOVAS were in part due to G0/G1 arrest by inhibiting cyclinD1-CDK4/6 and cyclinE2-CDK2, and promoting p21 expression. Therefore, OMT might become a new strategy for treating excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in the future.
Effects of cisatracurium in combination with ventilation on inflammatory factors and immune variations in sepsis rats

The effects of cisatracurium in combination with ventilation on inflammatory factors and immune variations in sepsis rats were investigated. A total of 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided randomly into three groups: Sham group (n=6), model group (n=24) and experiment group (n=24). Rats in the model and experiment groups underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for establishment of sepsis model. Rats in experiment group additionally received cisatracurium medication in combination with ventilation for treatment. At 6, 12 and 24 h after CLP, the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and procalcitonin (PCT) in serum and the ratio of leukocyte to neutrophil in peripheral blood was also detected. Twenty-four hours later, the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in lung tissues and cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD8+ in T-lymphocyte subsets were also detected, and the wet/dry (W/D) ratio of lung was measured. Compared with that in model group, the levels of inflammatory factors in the experiment group were significantly decreased, while the indicators in assays of cellular immunity were obviously elevated. Ratio of leukocyte to neutrophil in peripheral blood was significantly decreased after treatment. Cisatracurium in combination with ventilation can alleviate the inflammatory injury to organs in sepsis rats through inhibiting the inflammatory responses and regulating the immune functions, which manifests a new significance in guiding the clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: how to measure?

Purpose of review This article summarizes the most recent imaging techniques to assess left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and discusses their value to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) together with assessment of myocardial scar and cardiac venous anatomy. Recent findings Left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony has been associated with prognosis of heart failure patients and has been shown to influence the efficacy of CRT. Although current guidelines do not recommend the assessment of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony to select heart failure patients for CRT, technological advances in echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, nuclear imaging and computed tomography have provided powerful tools to characterize left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and predict response to CRT. Most important, these imaging techniques permit integration of additional information that is relevant for the efficacy of CRT, such as the extent and location of myocardial scar and the anatomy of the coronary sinus and tributaries where the left ventricular pacing lead may be positioned. Summary Left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony is an important parameter to select heart failure patients who are candidates for CRT. The integration of this parameter together with extent and location of myocardial scar and cardiac venous anatomy is a key to optimize the efficacy of CRT.
Report onses to Combinations of Slit 1 and Netrin 1 in Thalamocortical Axon Topography

Franck Bielle,1,2,3,6 Paula Marcos-Mondéjar,4,6 Eduardo Leyva-Dı́az,4,6 Ludmilla Lokmane,1,2,3,6 Erik Mire,4 Caroline Mailhes,1,2,3 Maryama Keita,1,2,3 Noelia Garcı́a,4 Marc Tessier-Lavigne,5 Sonia Garel,1,2,3,7,* and Guillermina López-Bendito4,7,* 1INSERM, U1024, Avenir Team, 75005 Paris, France 2CNRS, UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France 3Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie, IBENS, 46 Rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France 4Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (UMH-CSIC), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain 5Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
Data Mining and Machine Learning Models for Predicting Drug Likeness and Their Disease or Organ Category

Data mining approaches can uncover underlying patterns in chemical and pharmacological property space decisive for drug discovery and development. Two of the most common approaches are visualization and machine learning methods. Visualization methods use dimensionality reduction techniques in order to reduce multi-dimension data into 2D or 3D representations with a minimal loss of information. Machine learning attempts to find correlations between specific activities or classifications for a set of compounds and their features by means of recurring mathematical models. Both models take advantage of the different and deep relationships that can exist between features of compounds, and helpfully provide classification of compounds based on such features or in case of visualization methods uncover underlying patterns in the feature space. Drug-likeness has been studied from several viewpoints, but here we provide the first implementation in chemoinformatics of the t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) method for the visualization and the representation of chemical space, and the use of different machine learning methods separately and together to form a new ensemble learning method called AL Boost. The models obtained from AL Boost synergistically combine decision tree, random forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), k nearest neighbors (kNN), and logistic regression models. In this work, we show that together they form a predictive model that not only improves the predictive force but also decreases bias. This resulted in a corrected classification rate of over 0.81, as well as higher sensitivity and specificity rates for the models. In addition, separation and good models were also achieved for disease categories such as antineoplastic compounds and nervous system diseases, among others. Such models can be used to guide decision on the feature landscape of compounds and their likeness to either drugs or other characteristics, such as specific or multiple disease-category(ies) or organ(s) of action of a molecule.
Attitude and Anxiety of Teacher Candidate on the Methods of Creative Drama

Creative Drama Course, one of the active teaching methods, has been used in the study by the aim of determining which aspects might affect perspectives, concerns and attitudes of the students towards mathematics. In this study, we aimed to determine the attitudes and concerns of pre-service teachers towards mathematics who take Creative Drama course. As a data collection tool, “Creative Drama Attitude Scale” developed by Okvuran (2000) and “Mathematics Anxiety Scale” developed by Biber (2012) have been used in the study. We determined that the levels of attitude and anxiety of pre-service teachers did not suggest any significant difference in terms of gender factor. Besides, it has been concluded that the performed process with creative drama decreases the level of student’s anxiety on Mathematics and positively affects their attitudes towards Mathematics as well. In conclusion, It can be said that the teaching method we used can be efficient in teaching
Evolution of sex differences in lifespan and aging: Causes and constraints

Why do the two sexes have different lifespans and rates of aging? Two hypotheses based on asymmetric inheritance of sex chromosomes (“unguarded X”) or mitochondrial genomes (“mother's curse”) explain sex differences in lifespan as sex‐specific maladaptation leading to increased mortality in the shorter‐lived sex. While asymmetric inheritance hypotheses equate long life with high fitness, considerable empirical evidence suggests that sexes resolve the fundamental tradeoff between reproduction and survival differently resulting in sex‐specific optima for lifespan. However, selection for sex‐specific values in life‐history traits is constrained by intersexual genetic correlations resulting in intra‐locus sexual conflict over optimal lifespan. The available data suggest that the evolution of sexual dimorphism only partially resolves these conflicts. Sexual conflict over optimal trait values, which has been demonstrated in model organisms and in humans, is likely to play a key role in shaping the evolution of lifespan, as well as in maintaining genetic variation for sex‐specific diseases.
Efficient Algorithms for Mining the Concise and Lossless Representation of High Utility Itemsets

Mining high utility itemsets (HUIs) from databases is an important data mining task, which refers to the discovery of itemsets with high utilities (e.g. high profits). However, it may present too many HUIs to users, which also degrades the efficiency of the mining process. To achieve high efficiency for the mining task and provide a concise mining result to users, we propose a novel framework in this paper for mining closed+ high utility itemsets(CHUIs), which serves as a compact and lossless representation of HUIs. We propose three efficient algorithms named AprioriCH (Apriori-based algorithm for mining High utility Closed+ itemsets), AprioriHC-D (AprioriHC algorithm with Discarding unpromising and isolated items) and CHUD (Closed+ High Utility Itemset Discovery) to find this representation. Further, a method called DAHU (Derive All High Utility Itemsets) is proposed to recover all HUIs from the set of CHUIs without accessing the original database. Results on real and synthetic datasets show that the proposed algorithms are very efficient and that our approaches achieve a massive reduction in the number of HUIs. In addition, when all HUIs can be recovered by DAHU, the combination of CHUD and DAHU outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms for mining HUIs.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Chikusichloa aquatica (Poaceae: Oryzeae)

Abstract The complete chloroplast sequence of the Chikusichloa aquatica was determined in this study. The genome consists of 136 563 bp containing a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 20 837 bp, which was separated by a large single-copy region and a small single-copy region of 82 315 bp and 33 411 bp, respectively. The C. aquatica cp genome encodes 111 functional genes (71 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, and 36 tRNA genes): 92 are unique, while 19 are duplicated in the IR regions. The genic regions account for 58.9% of whole cp genome, and the GC content of the plastome is 39.0%. A phylogenomic analysis showed that C. aquatica is closely related to Rhynchoryza subulata that belongs to the tribe Oryzeae.
Understanding remote Aboriginal drug and alcohol residential rehabilitation clients: Who attends, who leaves and who stays?

Abstract Introduction and Aims Aboriginal residential rehabilitation services provide healing for Aboriginal people who misuse substances. There is limited available research that empirically describes client characteristics of these services. This study examined 5 years of data of a remote Aboriginal residential rehabilitation service. Design and Methods Retrospective analysis of 329 client admissions to Orana Haven Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation Centre from 2011 to 2016. Multinomial and binary logistic regressions were conducted to identify trends in the data. Results There were 66 admissions recorded annually, of which most identified as Aboriginal (85%). Mean length of stay was 56 days, with one in three (36%) discharging within the first month. A third (32%) completed, 47% self‐discharged and 20% house‐discharged from the program. Client age significantly increased over time (P = 0.03), with most aged from 26 to 35. Older clients were significantly more likely to readmit (P < 0.002) and stay longer than 90 days (P = 0.02). Most clients were referred from the criminal justice system, significantly increasing from 79% (2011–2012) to 96% (2015–2016) (P < 0.001) and these clients were more likely to self‐discharge (P < 0.01). Among a subset of clients, most (69%) reported concerns with polysubstance use and half (51%) reported mental illness. Discussion and Conclusions The current study makes a unique contribution to the literature by empirically describing the characteristics of clients of a remote Aboriginal residential rehabilitation service to more accurately tailor the service to the client's needs. Key recommendations include integrating these empirical observations with staff and client perceptions to co‐design a model of care, standardise data collection, and routinely following‐up clients to monitor treatment effectiveness.
Frailty in Men Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Three Frailty Instruments

Background Potent antiretroviral treatment has resulted in near normal life expectancy for people living with HIV. Consequently, there is an increased focus on comorbidities, frailty and quality of life. Methods We assessed and compared the prevalence of frailty, associated factors and relationship with quality of life in older Australian men living with HIV in a cross-sectional study using three frailty measurements. The Frailty Phenotype, Frailty Index and Edmonton Frail Scale were applied to 93 HIV-infected men aged over 50 years, on antiretroviral therapy. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to analyse the associations of frailty with covariates and quality of life. Results The prevalence of frailty was 10.8% (n=10) using the Frailty Phenotype; 22.6% (n=21) using the Frailty Index and 15.1% (n=14) using the Edmonton Frail Scale. Frailty Phenotype-defined pre-frailty/frailty was associated with pre-1996 ART initiation (OR, 3.56; CI, 1.23, 10.36; P=0.020) and depression (OR, 3.74; CI, 1.24, 11.27; P=0.019). Osteoporosis, serious non-AIDS events and AIDS were associated with Frailty Index-defined frailty (OR, 4.84, CI, 1.27, 18.43, P=0.021; OR, 4.27, CI, 1.25, 14.58, P=0.020; OR, 4.62, CI, 1.30, 16.45, P=0.018, respectively) and Edmonton Frail Scale-defined frailty (OR, 7.51; CI, 1.55, 36.42; P=0.012; OR, 7.71; CI, 1.62, 36.75; P=0.010; OR, 8.53; CI, 1.70, 42.73; P=0.009, respectively), independent of age and current CD4+ T-cell count. Frailty, defined by any of the instruments, was significantly associated with poorer quality of life (P<0.001). Conclusions Identifying frailty is an increasingly important contemporary consideration of HIV care related to ageing and quality of life.
Interpersonal Model Adolescents : Rates , Correlates , and Preliminary Test of an Longitudinal Study of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Young

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