Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The high‐osmolarity glycerol (HOG) and cell wall integrity (CWI) signalling pathways interplay: a yeast dialogue between MAPK routes

Two mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, viz. the high‐osmolarity glycerol (HOG) and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathways, regulate stress responses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Whereas the former is mainly involved in adaptation of yeast cells to hyperosmotic stress, the latter is activated under conditions leading to cell wall instability. Although MAPK signalling specificity can be conceived as requiring insulation of the different pathways, it is also becoming clear that the two pathways do not compete with each other but can be positively coordinated to regulate many stress responses. This review highlights our current knowledge about the collaboration between these two MAPK pathways to counteract different kinds of environmental stress. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective Analysis of the O(N) Antiferromagnet: Low Temperature Expansion of the Order Parameter

We investigate the low-energy properties of Lorentz-invariant theories with a spontaneously broken rotation symmetry $\mathrm{O}(N)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{O}(N\ensuremath{-}1)$. The leading coefficients of the low-temperature expansion for the partition function are calculated up to and including three loops. Emphasis is put into the special case $N=3$: it describes the antiferromagnet which has been extensively studied. Our results obtained within the framework of the effective Lagrangian technique are compared with the literature. In particular, we show that, at order ${T}^{7}$ for the heat capacity and ${T}^{6}$ for the order parameter, respectively, logarithmic terms appear in the low-temperature expansion, which have been overlooked so far.
Supplementation with glucose in PZM-3 medium improve the in vitro development of porcine transgenic cloned embryos

The efficiency of producing porcine transgenic cloned embryos is still low due to lower developmental competence compared to in vivo-fertilized/cultured embryos. This phenomenon may correlates with poor culture condition. Energy substrate in culture medium play an important role in optimizing culture condition. This study pertain to investigate the effect of replacing pyruvate and lactate with glucose in PZM-3 medium at the rest part culture period on porcine embryonic development after SCNT. Porcine adult fibroblasts cells were transfected with pEGFP-C1 vector. Then transfected cells were used as donor cells for producing re-constructed embryos. Results have shown that supplement of glucose up to 5mM concentration in PZM-3 at the rest part of culture period improved the development of transgenic cloned embryos. Moreover, supplement of glucose(5mM) as energy substrate in PZM-3 at 48h of culture was optimal time. However, with regard to the percentage of EGFP-positive blastocyst, there was no significant difference between treatments. In conclusion, replacing pyruvate and lactate with glucose in PZM-3 medium at the rest part of culture period was beneficial to the development of transgenic cloned embryos and had no effect on transgene expression.
Privacy Itch and Scratch: On Body Privacy Warnings and Controls

In the age of ubiquitous computing increasing amounts of personal data are being logged and shared, making privacy management a challenging task that must be integrated into our daily lives. In this paper, we explore the metaphors of 'privacy itch' for warnings and 'privacy scratch' for control of privacy preferences through real time, on-body, haptic interaction technologies. To assess the utility of these concepts, we implemented a forearm wearable prototype: the Privacy Band, and conducted a small lab-based user study.
Rules of thumb for metapopulation management

Many species live in ecosystems where resources are distributed patchily within the landscape. Furthermore, an ever-increasing number of species are forced to live in fragmented landscapes due to the destruction of their habitat, generally caused by anthropogenic disturbance. These metapopulations are consequently drawing much attention in both the theoretical and applied ecology literature (Levins (1969), Gilpin and Hanski (1991), Hanski (1999) and Dobson (2003)). Habitat fragmentation caused by habitat loss, in combination with other factors such as climate change, is placing many species at high risk of extinction, and ecologists and conservation biologists must attempt to limit this risk. With less funding than is required to protect all species, triage becomes necessary, and hence the need to efficiently evaluate extinction risk in order to determine a priority for allocating funding (Hobbs and Kristjanson (2003)). Additionally, in order to use the resources available most efficiently, it is necessary to determine the optimal investment that minimises the threat of extinction. We present here two 'rules of thumb' for metapopulation management, which are established using a simple metapopulation model. The first rule (R1) identifies an explicit formula for the persistence time of the population, and thus enables the population manager to form a priority species ranking by identifying those species most at risk of extinction. The second rule (R2) identifies an optimal management strategy that gives direction on how to alter the colonisation rate c (creation or improvement of habitat corridors) and local extinction rate e (restoring habitat quality or expanding habitat) in order to maximise the persistence time under a budgetary constraint. We employ a stochastic version of the Levins (1969) metapopulation model. In order to use our rules of thumb it is necessary that this simple model first be calibrated to a spatially-realistic model. Thus we propose an explicit method for calibration for a general spatially-realistic model. Rule (R1) is based on exact and approximate formulae for the expected time to extinction starting from a given initial number of occupied patches. Rule (R2) defines an optimal management strategy in terms of a total budget B and costs Kc and Ke for respective (per unit) changes in c and e: Invest in reducinge to its allowable minimum, unlessB < Kee −Kcc, in which case invest in increasingc. We conclude by testing our rules on computer-generated patch networks from a spatially-realistic metapopulation model and a model for malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) in the Bakara region of South Australia. These result suggest that our rules of thumb, derived from the stochastic Levins model, are robust. This, as well as optimal methods based on approximations for other spatially-realistic models, will be explored fully elsewhere.
An Hausdorff distance based approach for evaluation of image moments in servoing applications

This paper presents a new criterion for the evaluation of visual features used in image based control laws. Due to their established performances in servoing applications, image moments derived from point features are evaluated. The proposed criterion analyses both the quantity and the quality of the information stored in an ensemble of point features used in controlling servoing systems. Using Hausdorff distance, new properties for point features ensemble are analyzed, for example the attached convex hull. In order to validate the proposed evaluation criterion, an environment composed from a six dof manipulator robot with an eye-in-hand configuration is used.
Neutralization of HIV‐1: a paradox of humoral proportions

The production of immunoglobulin capable of neutralizing the infectivity of a virus represents one of the most remarkable molecular accomplishments of the host's available immune defenses. It should be no surprise that a virus that has existed in the parenchyma of the immune system has evolved as an equally dynamic molecule (i.e., viral envelope) for survival. Neutralizing immunoglobulin (Ig) can best serve the host under conditions where the invading pathogen requires a well‐defined cell‐free state for establishing an infection or transmission. Evidence for a controlling and therefore protective role of neutralizing Ig against lentiviruses has been defined in natural and experimental infections with equine infectious anemia virus of ungulate members in the family equidae. Rapid replication of the virus immediately after infection and its release in a cell‐free state leads to the production of neutralizing Ig and subsequent control of the primary viremia. A similar cause‐effect relationship exists in humans between the high‐titered viremia, observed shortly after HIV‐1 infection, and the subsequent production of neutralizing Ig. Partially controlling this acute stage of viral replication by neutralizing Ig and thus preventing an otherwise acute form of immunosuppression or immune complex disease may be viewed paradoxically as a survival property of the virus. Immunologically mediated control, in a Darwinian sense, selects for viruses that have optimized the parameters of longevity and transmission from host to host. This paradox of neutralization in HIV‐1 infection appears to be mediated by the convergence of structural and functional roles of the third variable domain (V3) of the external envelope glycoprotein. During infection or envelope‐based vaccination, antibody to this cross‐reactive, immunodominant epitope dominates the antigenic repertoire. Once this occurs, the host is less able to respond to emerging viruses containing closely related V3 structures. Thus a relatively restricted clonal‐dominance of the neutralization response results. The V3 domain, apparently in concert with the rest of the molecule, provides an epitope that can tolerate and utilize its conformational flexibility to allow immune escape while maintaining its functional role in infectivity. Sixteen other putative epitopes have been described as being involved in the induction of neutralizing Ig. Currently the biologically functional role of neutralizing Ig to these other epitopes are complicated by a prior lack of knowledge and appreciation of the in vitro variables affecting their measurements. Thus it appears that the mechanisms of neutralization, the immunologic complexities of the viral envelope, and the design of in vitro assays to more accurately reflect in vivo conditions should greatly improve our future chances of designing, identifying, and eliciting protective immune responses through vaccination. —Nara, P. L. ; Garrity, R. R. ; Goudsmit, J. Neutralization of HIV‐1: a paradox of humoral proportions. FASEB J. 5: 2437–2455; 1991.
Schema Modification and Enhancement as Predictors of Interest: A Test of the Knowledge-schema Theory of Cognitive Interest.

A general cognitive theory of interest is offered to allow for predicting the degree to which any informational environment is perceived as interesting. The theory is assessed in a study that tested predictions of a knowledge-schema theory of cognitive interest. Three classes of hypotheses regarding the cognitive causes of interest are identified (complexity, novelty, and unexpectedness hypotheses). A domain-and-modality-general theory, referred to as the knowledge-schema theory of cognitive interest (KST), captures the underlying regularities of these specific hypotheses by positing learning via schematic enhancement and schematic modification as causes of interest. The predictions of the KST were tested with 63 undergraduates. It was expected that those who learned more from a target passage, as measured by improvement on a memory test, would rate the passage as more interesting than those who learned less. Participants demonstrated greater learning for concepts in the target passage that were more related to their knowledge-schema than for concepts less related to this schema. Participants also generally judged the paragraphs of the target passage that had led to greater schema enhancement as more interesting than the paragraphs that induced less schema enhancement. In addition, the amount of learning induced by the target passage did predict the degree to which a participant judged the passage as interesting. Findings provide support for the KST regarding the causes of cognitive interest. Three appendixes contain sample test questions for domain knowledge and target passages. (Contains 54 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Major and Minor Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Uremia in general and peritoneal dialysis in particular bring with them risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. These factors include multiple lipid abnormalities, hyperhomocysteinemia, abdominal obesity, chronic inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, oxidative stress, and AGE formation. When these are combined with conventional risk factors, one can appreciate why the incidence of cardiovascular disease is so high in peritoneal dialysis patients. Treatment strategies should address each of these risks appropriately.
Differential Enhancement of Dengue Virus Immune Complex Infectivity Mediated by Signaling-Competent and Signaling-Incompetent Human FcγRIA (CD64) or FcγRIIA (CD32)

ABSTRACT Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated entry of infectious dengue virus immune complexes into monocytes/macrophages is hypothesized to be a key event in the pathogenesis of complicated dengue fever. FcγRIA (CD64) and FcγRIIA (CD32), which predominate on the surface of such dengue virus-permissive cells, were compared for their influence on the infectivity of dengue 2 virus immune complexes formed with human dengue virus antibodies. A signaling immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) incorporated into the accessory γ-chain subunit that associates with FcγRIA and constitutively in FcγRIIA is required for phagocytosis mediated by these receptors. To determine whether FcγRIA and FcγRIIA activation functions are also required for internalization of infectious dengue virus immune complexes, we generated native and signaling-incompetent versions of each receptor by site-directed mutagenesis of ITAM tyrosine residues. Plasmids designed to express these receptors were transfected into COS-7 cells, and dengue virus replication was measured by plaque assay and flow cytometry. We found that both receptors mediated enhanced dengue virus immune complex infectivity but that FcγRIIA appeared to do so far more effectively. Abrogation of FcγRIA signaling competency, either by expression without γ-chain or by coexpression with γ-chain mutants, was associated with significant impairment of phagocytosis and of dengue virus immune complex infectivity. Abrogation of FcγRIIA signaling competency was also associated with equally impaired phagocytosis but had no discernible effect on dengue virus immune complex infectivity. These findings point to fundamental differences between FcγRIA and FcγRIIA with respect to their immune-enhancing capabilities and suggest that different mechanisms of dengue virus immune complex internalization may operate between these FcγRs.
Analytical tuning rules for fractional order proportional integral controllers

A new analytical method based on the fractional calculus and Bode's ideal transfer function is proposed for the design of fractional-order proportional-integral (FOPI) controllers. On the basis of a first-order-plus-dead-time (FOPDT) process model, the analytical tuning rules are derived by using the frequency domain for achieving the significant improvement in terms of both disturbance rejection and set-point tracking problems. Several illustrative examples are considered to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for various dynamic models.
Determinants of Organizational Justice and its impact on Job Satisfaction. A Pakistan Base Survey

The aim of this study is to explore the quality, strength and significance of the relationship between three type of justice (Procedural, Distributive and Interactional) job satisfaction and work performance. The study will investigate the relationship in the Pakistani context. Data was collected through questionnaire from the employees of educational institutes working in Pakistan. The results showed that employee’s perception about Procedural and Interactional justice has a great affect on their job satisfaction while in Pakistani context distributive justice do not have significant impact on job satisfaction . This research can be useful for researchers and managers and can also used in making more suitable strategies to increase job satisfaction of employees.
Exogenous and endogenous contributions to nitrogen fluxes in the digestive tract of pigs fed a casein diet .

horbar; The present work aimed at quantifying nitrogen (N) and amino acid (AA) fluxes in the digestive tract of growing pigs fed a casein diet. In this paper we report on digesta passage at the terminal ileum, on apparent balances at the ileal and faecal levels, and on nutrients appearance in the portal vein. Digesta flow-rate at the terminal ileum was maximum between 6 and 12 h after the
Kognitiva funktioner vid utmattningssyndrom - en tioårsuppföljning

1 KOGNITIVA FUNKTIONER VID UTMATTNINGSSYNDROM – Utmattningssyndrom ar ett tillstand som orsakas av langvarig stress i arbete eller privatliv. Foreliggande studie har syftet att studera forandringa .
Non-reused pilot design for large-scale multi-cell multiuser MIMO system

A non-reused pilot (NRP) design scheme is presented for Large-scale multi-cell multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (LS-MIMO) systems. As the users at the cell edge suffer from severe pilot contamination (PC), the pilot design based on Chu sequences for two kinds of users is considered. The users in each cell are divided into center users and edge users according to the large-scale fading coefficients. The proposed pilot design scheme can reduce inter-cell interference of center users and improve the performance of edge users, whereby assigning phase shifted pilot groups to center users in adjacent cells and orthogonal pilot group to edge users in all cells.
Urinary osteocalcin is a useful marker for monitoring the effect of alendronate therapy.

A drawback in the use of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements to monitor the effect of antiresorptive treatment is that 1 or 2 years of successful treatment may be necessary before significant increases in BMD can be detected (1). Biochemical markers can enable dynamic and rapid measurement of total body skeletal metabolism and may be clinically useful, particularly for detecting the effects of osteoporosis therapy (2). Circulating osteocalcin (OC), a bone-specific protein produced by osteoblasts, is widely used as an index of bone formation (3)(4). Fragments of OC are also found in urine (5)(6)(7), and the measurement of urinary OC (U-OC) is another method for monitoring bone metabolism (8)(9)(10)(11). We recently described 3 immunoassays for measuring U-OC (11). Here we report the use of U-OC assays to monitor the effect of alendronate, a bisphosphonate and bone resorption inhibitor widely used to treat osteoporosis (12). The study included 164 healthy women, postmenopausal for 1–5 years [mean (SD) age, 53.1 (2.3) years], described in detail previously (13). The study was a 1-year, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial with 2 experimental groups: one receiving alendronate (5 mg/day Fosamax; Merck & Co) and the other receiving placebo (donated by Merck & Co). All participants in both study groups received a daily supplement of calcium carbonate (630 mg) and vitamin D3 (200 IU = 5 μg; Citracal + D; Mission Pharmacal). We collected 24-h urine samples and serum samples after a 12-h fast at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months. The samples were stored at −70 °C. U-OC was measured with U-MidOC, U-LongOC, and U-TotalOC assays, which all have unique specificities toward different naturally occurring U-OC fragments (11). Results were normalized for urinary creatinine determined in accordance with the …
An App-based Algorithmic Approach for Harvesting Local and Renewable Energy using Electric Vehicles

The emergence of electric vehicles (EVs), combined with the rise of renewable energy production capacities, will strongly impact the way electricity is produced, distributed and consumed in the very near future. This position paper focuses on the problem of optimizing charging strategies for a fleet of EVs in the context where a significant amount of electricity is generated by (distributed) renewable energy. It exposes how a mobile application may offer an efficient solution for addressing this problem. This app can play two main roles. Firstly, it would incite and help people to play a more active role in the energy sector by allowing photovoltaic (PV) panel owners to sell their electrical production directly to consumers, here the EVs’ agents. Secondly, it would help distribution system operators (DSOs) or transmission system operators (TSOs) to modulate more efficiently the load by allowing them to influence EV charging behaviour in real time. Finally, the present paper advocates for the introduction of a two-sided market-type model between EV drivers and electricity
Inhibition of NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Infected Mice Increases Survival

ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the etiological agent of a respiratory disease that has a 10% mortality rate. We previously showed that SARS-CoV lacking the E gene (SARS-CoV-ΔE) is attenuated in several animal model systems. Here, we show that absence of the E protein resulted in reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, decreased numbers of neutrophils in lung infiltrates, diminished lung pathology, and increased mouse survival, suggesting that lung inflammation contributed to SARS-CoV virulence. Further, infection with SARS-CoV-ΔE resulted in decreased activation of NF-κB compared to levels for the wild-type virus. Most important, treatment with drugs that inhibited NF-κB activation led to a reduction in inflammation and lung pathology in both SARS-CoV-infected cultured cells and mice and significantly increased mouse survival after SARS-CoV infection. These data indicated that activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway represents a major contribution to the inflammation induced after SARS-CoV infection and that NF-κB inhibitors are promising antivirals in infections caused by SARS-CoV and potentially other pathogenic human coronaviruses.
The evolutionary dynamics of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein interaction network after duplication

Gene duplication is an important mechanism in the evolution of protein interaction networks. Duplications are followed by the gain and loss of interactions, rewiring the network at some unknown rate. Because rewiring is likely to change the distribution of network motifs within the duplicated interaction set, it should be possible to study network rewiring by tracking the evolution of these motifs. We have developed a mathematical framework that, together with duplication data from comparative genomic and proteomic studies, allows us to infer the connectivity of the preduplication network and the changes in connectivity over time. We focused on the whole-genome duplication (WGD) event in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The model allowed us to predict the frequency of intergene interaction before WGD and the post duplication probabilities of interaction gain and loss. We find that the predicted frequency of self-interactions in the preduplication network is significantly higher than that observed in today's network. This could suggest a structural difference between the modern and ancestral networks, preferential addition or retention of interactions between ohnologs, or selective pressure to preserve duplicates of self-interacting proteins.