Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Honeymoons and the Liability of Adolescence: A New Perspective on Duration Dependence in Social and Organizational Relationships

Many social relationships face a liability of adolescence; the hazard rate of the relationship ending increases for an initial period and then declines. The pervasiveness of this phenomenon suggests that there may be a common set of underlying factors. We believe that many relationships start with an initial stock of assets, which can take a variety of forms (depending on the context), including favorable prior beliefs, trust, goodwill, financial resources, or psychological commitment. We hypothesize that these assets reduce the risk of the relationship dissolving when the initial outcomes of the relationship are unfavorable, resulting in a honeymoon period. The duration of this honeymoon period is a function of the magnitude of these assets. We survey earlier results and report new analyses. For organizational theory, this model of duration dependence raises problems for Stinchcombe's (1965) liability of newness hypothesis, which is central to much theorizing on the population ecology of organizations. W.
Correcting for Selection Bias in Social Movement Research

Longitudinal and cross-national research on new social movements often relies on newspaper reports for data on the frequency and type of events. Reporting by newspapers is, however, known to be strongly affected by selection bias. Newspapers report events that they find "newsworthy. " Surprisingly, the effect of these selection biases on data analyses has received scant attention, and the methodology to correct for these biases hardly has been discussed. Based on data covering events in four cities in Switzerland we propose two types of corrections for the selection bias. The first is based on a simple weighting scheme for events reported in local newspapers. These weights are likely to provide useful corrections even in other contexts. The second correction attempts to model explicitly the selection bias of the media. This truncated regression approach is shown to be a useful strategy when the selectivity by the newspapers is severe, and the factors affecting this selection are largely known.
LA MEDIDA DEL SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EN DEPORTISTAS: UNA PERSPECTIVA MULTIDIMENSIONAL

The aim of this work is to compare two instruments of measurement of burnout in athletes: Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas-Revisado (IBD-R) and the Spanish version of Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Both measurement models assume a three-dimensional composition of burnout syndrome, that is allegedly parallel. The analyses of correlations between scales, supposedly equivalent, allows us to conclude that there is only a good degree of convergence between the scales Emotional Exhaustion of IBD-R and Emotional and Physical Exhaustion of the ABQ. The scale Reduced Accomplishment (with the same name in the two instruments) shows a degree of convergence lower than expected and the scales of Depersonalization of IBD-R and Devaluation of the Sport Practice of the ABQ barely show relationship. Theoretical and psychometric dissonances observed make us think about the future development of a model that integrates the components of the burnout not converging in a single instrument.
Feeding value of silage: silages made from freshly cut grass, wilted grass and formic acid treated wilted grass.

Formic acid (850 g/kg) was added to wilted perennial ryegrass (dry matter = 360 g/kg) at the rate of 3.9 g/kg before ensiling. The feeding value of the resulting silage was compared with those of silages made from the wilted grass and the freshly cut grass, and with the grass itself in metabolism trials with sheep. Intakes of dry matter were depressed by fermentation, being 12.3, 9.7 and 8.5 g/kg liveweight for the acid treated, prewilted and directly ensiled material respectively. Fermentation improved the metabolisable energies which were 11.6, 12.0, 11.4 and 13.6 MJ/kg DM for the grass, and the acid treated, wilted and directly ensiled materials. In general, fermentation reduced the intake of metabolisable energy and the production potential of the material. The major factor affecting the feeding value of silage is its acceptability to the animal in terms of dry matter intake. High dry matter intakes are best achieved by limiting fermentation.
Status of food insecurity at household level in rural India: A case study of Uttar Pradesh

Food insecurity exists when people are undernourished as a result of the physical unavailability of food, their lack of social or economic access to adequate food, and inadequate food utilization. It may be happened at, individual, household, and regional levels Present study was conducted in rural masses of Shahjahanpur district to ascertain the situation of calorie intake and to identify number of food insecure people at household level, and to analyze the factors responsible for food insecurity at household level. The data were collected through field surveys of 480 households from four villages. Food insecure households account 6.67 per cent and 25 per cent households have access of food less than 1890 and 2400 calories per person a day, 10 per cent of households have the access to safe drinking, and more than 26 per cent households were identified without proper toilets. In spite of having BPL and APL cards, above 20 per cent card holders do not get any food commodity from PDS. Majority of households have the monthly income of less than Rs. 3000. At least 32 per cent households were without holding, and more than 22 per cent households live without keeping livestock. Majority of households belong to backward and scheduled castes and landless or marginal category of farmers and have low income with poor purchasing that leads to improper accessibility, stability and absorption of food.
Formal Description of Resources for Ontology-based Semantic Annotation

Ontology-based semantic annotation aims at putting fragments of a text in correspondence with proper elements of an ontology such that the formal semantics encoded by the ontology can be exploited to represent text interpretation. In this paper, we formalize a resource for this goal. The main difficulty in achieving good semantic annotations consists in identifying fragments to be annotated and labels to be associated with them. To this end, our approach takes advantage of standard web ontology languages as well as rich linguistic annotation platforms. This in turn is concerned with how to formalize the combination of the ontological and linguistical information, which is a topical issue that has got an increasing discussion recently. Different from existing formalizations, our purpose is to extend ontologies by semantic annotation rules whose complexity increases along two dimensions: the linguistic complexity and the rule syntactic complexity. This solution allows reusing best NLP tools for the production of various levels of linguistic annotations. It also has the merit to distinguish clearly the process of linguistic analysis and the ontological interpretation.
Partial Polarization Matching in GaInN-Based Multiple Quantum Well Blue LEDs Using Ternary GaInN Barriers for a Reduced Efficiency Droop

GaInN-based multiple-quantum-well (MQW) blue LEDs with ternary GaInN barriers polarization-matched to GaInN wells are fabricated. Single-layered Ga0.9In0. 1N and Ga0.9In0. 1N/GaN multiple-layered quantum barriers (MLQBs) are used for 50% polarization matching. Compared to conventional GaInN/GaN MQW LEDs, the polarization-matched LED with GaInN/GaN MLQBs shows a higher light output power in a high injection current regime, resulting in reduced efficiency droop, along with a minimal blue-shift of emission with injection current, reduced ideality factor, and reduced forward voltage. These results are attributed to a reduced magnitude of polarization sheet charges at heterointerfaces between the GaInN well and the GaInN barrier, and the resultant reduced internal polarization field in the MQWs, thereby minimizing electron leakage current and efficiency droop.
Functional Characterization of a Mucus-Specific LPXTG Surface Adhesin from Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

ABSTRACT In spite of the wealth of clinical evidence supporting the health benefits of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in humans, there is still a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind its probiosis. Current knowledge suggests that the health-promoting effects of this probiotic strain might be partly dependent on its persistence in the intestine and adhesion to mucosal surfaces. Moreover, L. rhamnosus GG contains mucus-binding pili that might also explain the occupation of its ecological niche as a comparatively less stringent allochthonous intestine-dwelling bacterium. To uncover additional surface proteins involved in mucosal adhesion, we investigated the adherence properties of the only predicted protein (LGG_02337) in L. rhamnosus GG that exhibits homology with a known mucus-binding domain. We cloned a recombinant form of the gene for this putative mucus adhesin and established that the purified protein readily adheres to human intestinal mucus. We also showed that this mucus adhesin is visibly distributed throughout the cell surface and participates in the adhesive interaction between L. rhamnosus GG and mucus, although less prominently than the mucus-binding pili in this strain. Based on primary structural comparisons, we concluded that the current annotation of the LGG_02337 protein likely does not accurately reflect its predicted properties, and we propose that this mucus-specific adhesin be called the mucus-binding factor (MBF). Finally, we interpret our results to mean that L. rhamnosus GG MBF, as an active mucus-specific surface adhesin with a presumed ancillary involvement in pilus-mediated mucosal adhesion, plays a part in the adherent mechanisms during intestinal colonization by this probiotic.
Exploring Political Ideologies of Senators With Semantic Analysis Tools

Phrase counting is an effective approach to capturing individual differences in language use. Specific phrases (e.g., “war on terrorism”) powerfully predict a congressperson’s political ideology. The question addressed in this study is whether there is additional information that can be extracted from the indirect relations among words in large Senatorial speech databases. Given that direct co-occurrence of target words is a very low likelihood event, we focus on higher-order co-occurrence (e.g., whether two target words appear in similar semantic contexts), using the free software Contrast Analysis of Semantic Similarity (CASS) to compute individual differences (www.casstools.org). We describe how we used CASS in detail and provide a tutorial. Using text transcripts from 86 Senators, totaling over 150 million words, we demonstrate that CASS can account for political ideology above and beyond phrase counts. By complementing phrase count methods, CASS may be a useful method for the digital humanities and social sciences more generally.
Assessing the Psychosocial Impact of the ICD: A National Survey of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Health Care Providers

The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) provides a survival advantage over antiarrhythmic medications for patients with life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias. However, the effect of ICD therapy on quality‐of‐life and psychosocial functioning are not as well understood. Health care providers (e.g., physicians, nurses) can serve as a valuable source of information related to these ICD outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate health care provider perceptions regarding: (1) the quality‐of‐life and psychosocial functioning of their ICD recipients, (2) the concerns or problems reported by ICD recipients, and (3) the degree of provider comfort in managing these concerns. The final sample of health care providers (n = 261) rated ICD recipients' global quality‐of‐life and psychosocial functioning, and specific concerns about health care, lifestyle, special population adjustment, marital and family adjustment, and emotional well‐being. With regard to quality‐of‐life, health care providers reported that the majority of ICD recipients were functioning better (38%) or about the same (47%) than before implantation. However, health care providers reported that 15% of recipients experienced worse quality‐of‐life postimplantation. Similarly, health care providers indicated that 10%‐20% of ICD recipients experienced worse emotional functioning and strained family relationships. Moreover, issues related to driving, dealing with ICD shocks, and depression were the most common ICD recipient concerns. Significant differences were noted between physicians and nurses/other health care professionals on a wide range of psychosocial issues. Health care providers generally reported the most comfort dealing with traditional medical issues (i.e., patient adherence), and the least comfort in managing emotional well‐being issues (e.g., depression and anxiety). These results suggest that routine attention to ICD quality‐of‐life and psychosocial outcomes is indicated for health care providers who care for ICD recipients.
Blind equalization for digital cable transmission with Tomlinson-Harashima precoding and shaping

A new system concept for high-rate digital transmission over twisted pair lines with precoding is presented. To avoid retransmission of channel data, filters at the transmitter side are fixed and designed for a reference application. Intersymbol interference caused by mismatch of designed filters and actual situation, is cancelled by an adaptive FIR equalizer. Implementation is thereby simplified considerably compared to the case of optimum tuned filters, whereas the resulting SNR-loss is negligible. Because Tomlinson-Harashima precoding is not suited for many blind equalization algorithms, a modification of the precoder is proposed, resulting in a structure called dynamics shaping, which enables blind equalization by the Sato algorithm.
The relationship between phonological awareness time and reading abilities: an assessment using self-organizing maps

Abstract Background: Classically, the assessment of reading disabilities is based on the accuracy for word and nonword reading, as well as on the accuracy or sensibility measures (such as d′) for phonological awareness tasks. Recent studies indicate that in terms of phonological awareness results, the response time is a more accurate indicator than sensibility measures (such as d′), thus providing an important measure explaining some of the differences between good and poor readers. This article explores the discriminative capability of phonological awareness task time (PATT) in reading disability assessment. Methods: One hundred and eighty-six children were tested using conventional tasks, specifically word reading, nonword reading, and phonological awareness tasks. The word and nonword accuracy and PATT were used to train self-organizing maps (SOM) to classify children into three distinct groups. Results: Phonological awareness response time provides a powerful discriminative measure. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the PATT constitutes a useful selective measure, particularly in the third and fourth grades when classical variables such as word and nonword reading accuracy lose their discriminative capabilities. Also, the use of SOM to classify children’s reading abilities can successfully categorize children and capture meaningful measures such as the lexicality effect.
The B7 Homologues and their Receptors in Hematologic Malignancies

The B7 homologues and their receptors regulate both peripheral tolerance and adaptive immunity. This field is rapidly evolving as new ligands and receptors are being identified. Much of the work supporting their role in the regulation of host anti‐tumor immunity has been derived from experimental models and clinical trials in solid malignancies. However, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that the B7‐H family has important immunologic and non‐immunologic functions in a variety of hematologic malignancies. Herein, we will review recent evidence that supports the therapeutic targeting of the B7 homologues in hematologic malignancies.
Do olfactory glia have advantages over Schwann cells for CNS repair?

To a large extent the success of axon regeneration and sustained remyelination which distinguishes the PNS from the CNS is attributable to differences in their respective glial environments. For this reason, many have been attracted to the idea that repair of the CNS might be achieved by transplanting Schwann cells into areas of CNS pathology. Schwann cells will not only promote regeneration but will also myelinate axons thereby making them an appropriate cell type to mediate repair of lesions characterised by demyelination as well as axotomy. The recent discovery that olfactory glia are capable of forming myelin sheaths, together with their well‐documented ability to support axon regeneration, means that these cells have a range of repair properties similar to that of Schwann cells. It is not clear at present which of these two alternatives, the Schwann cells or the olfactory glial cell, would be of greater benefit for achieving regeneration of axons or remyelination of persistent demyelination following transplantation into the CNS. In this article we review the repair properties of olfactory glia and identify the areas in which their use for repairing the CNS may have advantages over Schwann cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 50:665–672, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi agent electric vehicle control based primary frequency support for future smart micro-grid

A high penetration level of renewable energy sources such as wind power turbines and solar photovoltaic generation, in micro-grid systems causes some problems to micro-grid operator, e.g., lack in primary reserve. Recently, many countries around the world decided to increase their electric vehicles in the near future which provide a good chance to use them as a battery energy storage system (BESS). This paper proposes a new scheme to provide necessary primary reserve from electric vehicles by using multi-agent control of each individual vehicle. The proposed scheme determines the primary reserve based on vehicle’s information such as initial state of charge (SOC), the required SOC for the next trip, and the vehicle’s departure time. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is shown by the simulation study in a micro-grid with several generation units such as diesel engine generator (DEG), flywheel, fuel cell, renewable energy resources, and electric vehicles.
Testing the Water–Energy Theory on American Palms (Arecaceae) Using Geographically Weighted Regression

Water and energy have emerged as the best contemporary environmental correlates of broad-scale species richness patterns. A corollary hypothesis of water–energy dynamics theory is that the influence of water decreases and the influence of energy increases with absolute latitude. We report the first use of geographically weighted regression for testing this hypothesis on a continuous species richness gradient that is entirely located within the tropics and subtropics. The dataset was divided into northern and southern hemispheric portions to test whether predictor shifts are more pronounced in the less oceanic northern hemisphere. American palms (Arecaceae, n = 547 spp.), whose species richness and distributions are known to respond strongly to water and energy, were used as a model group. The ability of water and energy to explain palm species richness was quantified locally at different spatial scales and regressed on latitude. Clear latitudinal trends in agreement with water–energy dynamics theory were found, but the results did not differ qualitatively between hemispheres. Strong inherent spatial autocorrelation in local modeling results and collinearity of water and energy variables were identified as important methodological challenges. We overcame these problems by using simultaneous autoregressive models and variation partitioning. Our results show that the ability of water and energy to explain species richness changes not only across large climatic gradients spanning tropical to temperate or arctic zones but also within megathermal climates, at least for strictly tropical taxa such as palms. This finding suggests that the predictor shifts are related to gradual latitudinal changes in ambient energy (related to solar flux input) rather than to abrupt transitions at specific latitudes, such as the occurrence of frost.
The genomic landscape of epithelioid sarcoma cell lines and tumours

We carried out whole genome and transcriptome sequencing on four tumour/normal pairs of epithelioid sarcoma. These index cases were supplemented with whole transcriptome sequencing of three additional tumours and three cell lines. Unlike rhabdoid tumour (the other major group of SMARCB1‐negative cancers), epithelioid sarcoma shows a complex genome with a higher mutational rate, comparable to that of ovarian carcinoma. Despite this mutational burden, SMARCB1 mutations remain the most frequently recurring event and are probably critical drivers of tumour formation. Several cases show heterozygous SMARCB1 mutations without inactivation of the second allele, and we explore this further in vitro. Finding CDKN2A deletions in our discovery cohort, we evaluated CDKN2A protein expression in a tissue microarray. Six out of 16 cases had lost CDKN2A in greater than or equal to 90% of cells, while the remaining cases had retained the protein. Expression analysis of epithelioid sarcoma cell lines by transcriptome sequencing shows a unique profile that does not cluster with any particular tissue type or with other SWI/SNF‐aberrant lines. Evaluation of the levels of members of the SWI/SNF complex other than SMARCB1 revealed that these proteins are expressed as part of a residual complex, similarly to previously studied rhabdoid tumour lines. This residual SWI/SNF is susceptible to synthetic lethality and may therefore indicate a therapeutic opportunity. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.