Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Cache Structure for Future High-Performance Systems

On-chip cache sizes are likely to continue to grow over the next decade as working sets, available chip capacity, and memory latencies all increase. Traditional cache architectures, with fixed sizes and discrete latencies, lock one organization down at design time, which will provide inferior performance across a range of workloads. In addition, expected increases in on-chip communication delays will make the time to retrieve data in a cache a function of the data’s physical location. Consequently, cache access times will become a continuum of latencies rather than a single one. This non-uniformity will make static organizations particularly limited for single-chip servers, in which multiple processors will be different distances from the cache controller. In this paper, we propose a set of adaptive, high-performance cache design, called Non-Uniform Cache Architectures (NUCAs). We extend these physical designs with logical policies that allow important data to migrate closer to the processor within the same cache. We show that these adaptive level-two NUCA designs provide 1.6 times the performance of a Uniform Cache Architecture of any size, and that the adaptive NUCA scheme outperforms static NUCA schemes by 9% for multi-megabyte, on-chip server caches with large numbers of banks.
Detecting errors in digital communications with CRC codes implemented with FPGA

Generally speaking, cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) are used to detect errors from noise in digital data transmission. The technique is also sometimes applied to data storage devices, such as a disk drive. They also have been turned to verify the integrity of files in a system in order to prevent tampering and suggested as a possible algorithm for manipulation detection codes. It has been known that a CRC will not detect all errors but with random noise it is unlikely. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for parallel computation of the CRC in data transmission.
Integrity of Neuropsychological Processes in Children with Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Conditions

This exploratory study investigated the neuropsychological and behavioral profiles seen in children diagnosed with ADHD Inattentive Type (IA), Inattentive Type plus an internalizing disorder (IA + INT), Combined Type (CT), and Combined Type plus an externalizing disorder (CT + EXT), as well as the utility of a combined neuropsychological/behavioral approach for ADHD assessment. Subjects were 63 unmedicated children aged 6-16 who had been assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), Conners' Continuous Performance Test-Second Edition (CPT-II), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Forty-two cases also included the Teacher Report Form (TRF). ANOVA revealed group differences on all measures, especially the CPT-II, CBCL, and TRF. Forced-entry discriminant analyses using combined neuropsychological/behavioral approaches resulted in correct classification rates of 88.9% and even 100% when the TRF was included, as compared to 68.3% to 71.4% for separate approaches. Overall, results support meaningful distinctions among the four ADHD groups and the utility of the WISC-IV, CPT-II, CBCL, and TRF in differentiating these groups. Findings also further illustrate the heterogeneous nature of ADHD and the value of using a combined neuropsychological/behavioral approach in ADHD assessment.
A Patient With Diabetes and Breast Cancer In Whom Virilization Was Caused by a Testosterone-Producing Mature Cystic Teratoma Containing a Brenner Tumor

A 74-year-old woman with impaired glucose tolerance exhibited virilization. An examination of various hormone levels showed normal pituitary hormone and adrenal hormone levels. However, the patient's blood testosterone level was remarkably high and was suspected of having caused the virilization. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a multilocular cystoma in the left ovary with the features of a mature cystic teratoma. In addition, a chest computed tomography revealed the presence of a mass in the left breast that was subsequently diagnosed as breast cancer based on the results of a biopsy. After the simultaneous surgical resection of the ovarian and breast tumors, her blood testosterone level decreased. The mature cystic teratoma containing a Brenner tumor was considered to be responsible for the high testosterone level because of the presence of androgenic enzymes. This case is extremely rare, but the case was accurately diagnosed through a comprehensive analysis.
Effect of CRF, ACTH and adrenal steroids on sodium intake and excretion of rabbits.

The effect of CRF, ACTH and adrenal steroid hormones on the sodium intake and excretion of wild and laboratory rabbits was studied in our laboratory in detail. All these hormones are known to play important roles in the initiation and maintenance of stress-reaction. Intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of CRF increased both sodium intake and excretion of rabbits on the day of the infusion, and the stimulated sodium turnover persisted for several days after the infusion stopped. Systemic administration of the same dose of CRF did not influence sodium intake or excretion. Icv infusion of CRF was accompanied by a rise in plasma cortisol and plasma corticosterone concentration. Plasma sodium concentration was unchanged despite the increased turnover. The elevated plasma concentration of adrenal steroid hormones indicates that icv infused CRF resulted in ACTH and consequent cortisol and corticosterone release. Earlier studies in our laboratory established that ACTH, and similarly cortisol and corticosterone, when injected systemically, also elicited increased sodium intake, which was accompanied by increased sodium excretion. The rise in sodium turnover occurred on the second or third day of ACTH or steroid administration. The difference in the time of onset of sodium appetite between icv CRF and ACTH or adrenal steroids indicates that CRF influences sodium intake by other mechanisms as well. These other contributing mechanisms are probably activated by the binding of CRF to the specific binding sites demonstrated earlier in the rabbit's brain. Its is possible, that the small natriuresis accompanying icv infusion of CRF has some role in the initiation of the sodium appetite. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Novel Approach for Intrusion Detection System in Distributed Networks Using Mobile Agents

— The rise of the networked workplace has been the most remarkable change in the last three decades of information technology. As networks of computing resources have become common, the concept of distributing related processing among multiple resources has become increasingly important. We have seen an explosion in information availability on increasingly heterogeneous networks. Managing these diverse networks often requires the collection of large quantities of data from possibly dispersed parts of the network. This challenge provides a driving force to research the use of agents and in particular mobile agents to automate some network management tasks. New management paradigms are being proposed as an alternative to the centralized, client/server architecture. Agent mobility addresses some limitations faced by classic client/server architecture, namely, in minimizing bandwidth consumption, in supporting adaptive network load balancing and in solving problems caused by intermittent or unreliable network connections. This paper presents a distributed intrusion detection system (IDS), based on mobile agents, that detects intrusion in the network segment using similarity measures.
Tissue-specific regulation of fatty acid synthesis by thyroid hormone.

It is generally agreed that thyroid hormone stimulates the hepatic synthesis of long chain fatty acids in the rat. However, there are conflicting data about its effects in white adipose tissue, while in brown adipose tissue, lipogenic rates are highest in hypothyroid animals. We have systematically examined the effect of thyroid state on lipogenesis in different rat tissues. Fatty acid synthesis was assessed in vivo, using the incorporation of tritiated water. Hepatic lipogenesis was induced 16-fold between hypothyroid (4.1 +/- 0.6 microns H incorporated/g.h) and hyperthyroid rats (66.5 +/- 13.2 microns H/g.h). Kidney and heart were much less lipogenically active, but also responded positively to thyroid hormone. Both hyper- and hypothyroidism diminished fatty acid synthesis in retroperitoneal fat and had similar, although not significant, effects in epididymal fat. However, epididymal adipocytes, taken from hyperthyroid rats and cultured in vitro, were 3 times more lipogenically active than cells from either hypo- or euthyroid animals. Lipogenesis in sc fat from hyperthyroid rats was enhanced when calculated per g tissue, but was not different when expressed per whole tissue. In brown adipose tissue, lipogenesis was inversely related to thyroid hormone status. Fatty acid synthesis in brain, lung, skin, and bone and muscle did not respond to changes in thyroid state. TLC confirmed that greater than 90% of the incorporated tritium was in fatty acids. Thus, in hypothyroid animals, lipogenesis primarily occurs in skin, bone, muscle, and other nonresponsive organs, whereas in hyperthyroid rats, the liver alone constitutes almost half of all fatty acid synthesis. The fatty acid synthetic pathway provides an excellent model for examining the tissue-specific regulation of gene expression by thyroid hormone.
The Impact of Proficiency on Syntactic Second-language Processing of German and Italian: Evidence from Event-related Potentials

The present study investigated the role of proficiency in late second-language (L2) processing using comparable stimuli in German and Italian. Both sets of stimuli consisted of simple active sentences including a word category violation, a morphosyntactic agreement violation, or a combination of the two. Four experiments were conducted to study high- and low-proficiency L2 learners of German as well as high- and low-proficiency L2 learners of Italian. High-proficiency L2 learners in both languages showed the same event-related potential (ERP) components as native speakers for all syntactic violations. For the word category violation, they displayed an early anterior negativity (ELAN), an additional negativity reflecting reference-related processes, and a late P600 evidencing processes of reanalysis. For the processing of the morphosyntactic error, an anterior negativity (LAN) and a P600 were observed, whereas for the combined violation, the same ERP components were found as in the pure category violation. In high-proficiency L2 learners, the timing of the processing steps was equivalent to that of native speakers, although some amplitude differences were present. Low-proficiency L2 learners, however, showed qualitative differences in the agreement violation characterized by the absence of the LAN and quantitative differences reflected in a delayed P600 in every violation condition. These findings emphasize that with a high proficiency, late L2 learners can indeed show native-like neural responses with the timing approximating that of native speakers. This challenges the idea that there are fundamental differences in language processing in the brain between natives and late L2 learners.
Stress und Coping bei Eltern von Kindern mit externalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, Down-Syndrom und angemessener Entwicklung : Welche Rolle spielt das dyadische Coping

Background: Coping in parents with a higher stress level has been a neglected research topic so far. Method. Multivariate analyses of variance are computed to compare stress and coping between three groups of parents (N = 150) of a 6- to 14-year-old child (43 couples of a normally developed child, 53 parents of a child with Down syndrome and 54 parents of a child with externalizing behavior problems). Results: Parents of a child with Down syndrome reported more family related stress and stress with regard to social isolation, but reported also the highest scores of dyadic coping. Parents of a child with externalizing behavior problems perceived more parenting stress, psychological distress and a lack of dyadic coping. Conclusion: Dyadic coping reveals to be an important issue in parent's coping with daily hassles.
Researcher-Researched Difference: Adapting an Autoethnographic Approach for Addressing the Racial Matching Issue

This introspective essay was inspired by a desire to reflect on the use of qualitative research methods--where I am a Caucasian woman examining work experiences of women of color. I launched a journey backward to discover respondents' motivation for participating in my focus groups over the years, to closely examine their comfort level with a cross-ethnic dyad. The exercise enabled me to reflect on how I had negotiated power issues inherent in the research process. It contributes to the ongoing dialogue about autoethnography--where understanding of self in socio-cultural context is both the subject and object of the research enterprise. Overall, I interrogate epistemological and methodological practicalities of researching difference.
Sequence organization of the repeating units in the nucleus of wheat which contain 5S rRNA genes.

Examples of both the 410 and 500 bp size classes of repeating units containing wheat 5S rRNA genes have been cloned in plasmid pBR322 and sequenced. The structural genes showed sequence microheterogeneity. Also the gene in the 500 bp repeat which was sequenced had a 15 bp tandem duplication within it and appears to be representative of non-transcribed subfamily of repeating units. The transcription terminators comprise 14-17 A.T bp immediately preceded by a region of weak dyad symmetry. The spacer regions adjacent to the transcription terminators in the two different size repeat units have interspersed oligonucleotides of high and low homology. The central spacer regions of the two size classes have very different sequences. The only repeated sequence in the spacers has undergone extensive divergence. In contrast to most of the spacer, the 70 bp region preceding the genes of each type of repeat show high homology, suggesting that it has functional importance. The transcription start point obeys the pyrimidine-1 purine+1 rule.
Rho GTPase Cdc42 coordinates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and niche interaction in the bone marrow

Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exist in a relatively quiescent state in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment to fulfill long-term self-renewal and multilineage differentiation functions, an event that is tightly regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic cues. However, the mechanism coordinating the quiescent state of HSCs and their retention in the BM microenvironment remains poorly understood. In a conditional-knockout mouse model, we show that Cdc42−/− HSCs enter the active cell cycle, resulting in significantly increased number and frequency of the stem/progenitor cells in the BM. Cdc42 deficiency also causes impaired adhesion, homing, lodging, and retention of HSCs, leading to massive egress of HSCs from BM to distal organs and peripheral blood and to an engraftment failure. These effects are intrinsic to the HSCs and are associated with deregulated c-Myc, p21Cip1, β1-integrin, and N-cadherin expressions and defective actin organization. Thus, Cdc42 is a critical coordinator of HSC quiescence maintenance and interaction with the BM niche.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Reduction of Large RC networks By Pole Analysis via Congruence Transformations

* This work was supported by National Education Department under the contract 96-738-01-01-06. Abstract--Among the RC reduction algorithms, the algorithm of PACT (Pole Analysis via Congruence Transformations) [41 has been proved to have several advantages. However, the original implementation of the algorithm destroys the sparsity of the internal capacitance matrix. Consequently, the LASO process [4], used in the computation of the dominant eigenvalues and eigenvectors, becomes very time-consuming. Therefore, the efficiency of the algorithm needs to be improved. In this paper, a new method to implement the PACT algorithm is presented. In order to maintain the sparsity of the matrices, we use a special Lanczos algorithm to directly compute the eigenvalues and eigenvectors by solving a large sparse symmetric generalized eigenvalue problem. At the same time, this approach can avoid some matrix multiplication to speed up the reduction process. We have constructed a RC reduction tool with the new implementation method. The application of the tools to several RC networks has shown that this tool greatly outperforms the original implementation.
Characterization of early molecular sex differentiation in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Early differentiation in rainbow trout gonads was investigated by expression profiling and in situ hybridization (ISH). Expression of cyp19a1 and fst in females and sox9a1 in males were sexually dimorphic between 32 to 35 days post‐fertilization (dpf). After 35 dpf, the differentiation proceeded with sexually dimorphic profiles for sox9a2, dmrt1, cyp11b2.1, amh in males and foxl2a, foxl2b, hsd3b1, inha in females. cyp17a1, cyp11a1, star, nr5a1b increased only after 40 dpf in both sexes with a slightly higher expression in females. cyp19a1 expression was localized in a cluster of somatic cells in the ventral side of female gonads, and sox9a2 and amh in somatic cells surrounding the germ cells, at 28 dpf and thereafter, both in male and female gonads. cyp11b2.1, cyp17a1, and cyp11a1 expressions were only detected in scattered somatic cells in males after 46 dpf. This confirms the early implication of cyp19a1 in trout ovarian differentiation and suggests that early testicular differentiation does not need androgen production. Developmental Dynamics 236:2198–2206, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The involvement of replication in single stranded oligonucleotide-mediated gene repair

Targeted gene repair mediated by single-stranded oligonucleotides (SSOs) has great potential for use in functional genomic studies and gene therapy. Genetic changes have been created using this approach in a number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, including mouse embryonic stem cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully established. In one of the current models, the ‘annealing-integration’ model, the SSO anneals to its target locus at the replication fork, serving as a primer for subsequent DNA synthesis mediated by the host replication machinery. Using a λ-Red recombination-based system in the bacterium Escherichia coli, we systematically examined several fundamental premises that form the mechanistic basis of this model. Our results provide direct evidence strongly suggesting that SSO-mediated gene repair is mechanistically linked to the process of DNA replication, and most likely involves a replication intermediate. These findings will help guide future experiments involving SSO-mediated gene repair in mammalian and prokaryotic cells, and suggest several mechanisms by which the efficiencies may be reliably and substantially increased.
COX-3, a cyclooxygenase-1 variant inhibited by acetaminophen and other analgesic/antipyretic drugs: Cloning, structure, and expression

Two cyclooxygenase isozymes, COX-1 and -2, are known to catalyze the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin synthesis and are the targets of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Here we describe a third distinct COX isozyme, COX-3, as well as two smaller COX-1-derived proteins (partial COX-1 or PCOX-1 proteins). COX-3 and one of the PCOX-1 proteins (PCOX-1a) are made from the COX-1 gene but retain intron 1 in their mRNAs. PCOX-1 proteins additionally contain an in-frame deletion of exons 5–8 of the COX-1 mRNA. COX-3 and PCOX mRNAs are expressed in canine cerebral cortex and in lesser amounts in other tissues analyzed. In human, COX-3 mRNA is expressed as an ≈5.2-kb transcript and is most abundant in cerebral cortex and heart. Intron 1 is conserved in length and in sequence in mammalian COX-1 genes. This intron contains an ORF that introduces an insertion of 30–34 aa, depending on the mammalian species, into the hydrophobic signal peptide that directs COX-1 into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. COX-3 and PCOX-1a are expressed efficiently in insect cells as membrane-bound proteins. The signal peptide is not cleaved from either protein and both proteins are glycosylated. COX-3, but not PCOX-1a, possesses glycosylation-dependent cyclooxygenase activity. Comparison of canine COX-3 activity with murine COX-1 and -2 demonstrates that this enzyme is selectively inhibited by analgesic/antipyretic drugs such as acetaminophen, phenacetin, antipyrine, and dipyrone, and is potently inhibited by some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Thus, inhibition of COX-3 could represent a primary central mechanism by which these drugs decrease pain and possibly fever.
Augmenter la persévérance et la réussite en formation à distance à l’aide d’un programme motivationnel

Le modele de resolution de problemes en motivation de Keller a ete utilise pour diminuer les obstacles a la motivation des etudiants d’un cours universitaire de comptabilite offert a distance. Ces problemes ont ete repertories dans les ecrits scientifiques pour ce type de cours. Des messages en lien avec ces questions ont ete achemines a 33 de ces etudiants, ce qui a eu pour effet d’augmenter significativement leur motivation, leur reussite et leur perseverance comparativement a un groupe temoin de 33 etudiants (p < 0,05). Les messages adaptes aux problemes que connait ce type de clientele ont permis d’atteindre un bon rapport cout/benefice.
A lifetime optimal algorithm for speculative PRE

A lifetime optimal algorithm, called MC-PRE, is presented for the first time that performs speculative PRE based on edge profiles. In addition to being computationally optimal in the sense that the total number of dynamic computations for an expression in the transformed code is minimized, MC-PRE is also lifetime optimal since the lifetimes of introduced temporaries are also minimized. The key in achieving lifetime optimality lies not only in finding a unique minimum cut on a transformed graph of a given CFG, but also in performing a data-flow analysis directly on the CFG to avoid making unnecessary code insertions and deletions. The lifetime optimal results are rigorously proved. We evaluate our algorithm in GCC against three previously published PRE algorithms, namely, MC-PREcopt (Qiong and Xue's computationally optimal version of MC-PRE), LCM (Knoop, Rüthing, and Steffen's lifetime optimal algorithm for performing nonspeculative classic PRE), and CMP-PRE (Bodik, Gupta, and Soffa's PRE algorithm based on code-motion preventing (CMP) regions, which is speculative but not computationally optimal). We report and analyze our experimental results, obtained from both actual program execution and instrumentation, for all 22 C, C++ and FORTRAN 77 benchmarks from SPECcpu2000 on an Itanium 2 computer system. Our results show that MC-PRE (or MC-PREcopt) is capable of eliminating more partial redundancies than both LCM and CMP-PRE (especially in functions with complex control flow), and, in addition, MC-PRE inserts temporaries with shorter lifetimes than MC-PREcopt. Each of both benefits has contributed to the performance improvements in benchmark programs at the costs of only small compile-time and code-size increases in some benchmarks.
Fast compressive sensing of high-dimensional signals with tree-structure sparsity pattern

Compressive sensing of multi-dimensional signals (tensors) only receives limited attention. Separable sensing and proper sparsity pattern play two key roles for compressive sensing of tensors to be feasible and efficient. In view of inherent characteristic of 2D images and 3D videos, we propose the use of tree-structure sparsity pattern in tensor compressive sensing and develop a multiway tree-structure sparsity pattern OMP algorithm in this paper. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in terms of recovery quality and speed.