Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lambda based fuel restricted optimal fuel dispatch using hybrid genetic algorithm for utility system

The objective of the paper is to evolve simple, fast and effective algorithm for fuel restricted optimal fuel dispatch (FROFD) using the hybrid intelligence model. A lambda based hybrid genetic algorithm (LBHGA) is used to solve the FROFD problem. In LBHGA, encoding parameter is normalized system incremental cost (/spl lambda/mn). The algorithm has been proposed for minimum cost better quality and time of operating units. Here real coded genetic algorithm (GA) is used for global search and fine tunings are done by tabu search (TS) to direct the search towards the optimal region and local optimization. The fast decoupled load flow (FDLF) is conducted to find the losses by substituting the generation values to the respective PV buses. Then the loss is distributed among all generating units using participation factor method. Applying the results again to the load flow checks the voltage limit violation. The algorithm is tested on six-generator system and 66-bus utility system and compared with other classical methods. Numerical results show that the proposed method is more effective than other previously developed classical methods. It is observed that the proposed algorithm is superior, reliable and fast.
Discriminative Information Retrieval for Knowledge Discovery

We propose a framework for discriminative Information Retrieval (IR) atop linguistic features, trained to improve the recall of tasks such as answer candidate passage retrieval, the initial step in text-based Question Answering (QA). We formalize this as an instance of linear feature-based IR (Metzler and Croft, 2007), illustrating how a variety of knowledge discovery tasks are captured under this approach, leading to a 44% improvement in recall for candidate triage for QA.
PARENTING STYLES AS PREDICTORS OF SEXUAL ATTITUDE OF OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

This study examined the correlates of parenting styles and sexual attitude among undergraduate. The descriptive survey was adopted with sample size of 150 drawn from the undergraduate of Obafemi Awolowo University, using the convenience sampling technique. Self developed instrument was designed for data collection. The respondent comprises of ninety-one (SD= 60.7) male and fifty-nine female (SD= 39.3). Five hypothesis were tested using appropriate statistical tools in which their result revealed that there is no significant relationship between authoritarian parenting styles and sexual attitude r (148)=0.950,p>(0.05), permissive parenting styles was not found to have a significant relationship on sexual attitude r(148) = 0.126 , p> (0.05), Authoritative parenting styles was found to have a significant relationship on sexual attitude r(148) = 0.223, p 0.05) and finally there is no significant difference between age and undergraduate sexual attitude (F=[147]=.978 p> 0.05). The conclusion of this study thereby shows that authoritative parenting styles, permissive parenting styles, age and gender did not determine the sexual attitude of young people and those with authoritative parenting styles is a predictor of restraint sexual attitude.
Formation of Bifurcated Wakes Behind Finite Span Flapping Wings

Nomenclature C = chord length, m C T = thrust coefficient f = flapping frequency, Hz h tip = plunge amplitude at the wing tip, m k = ωC∕U ∞ , reduced frequency l span = wingspan, m Re = U ∞ C∕ν, Reynolds number r z = z-directional distance away from the wing tip, m S wing = wing area, m 2 St = fh tip ∕U ∞ , Strouhal number U ∞ = freestream velocity, m∕s ν = kinematic viscosity of fluid, m 2 ∕s α, α 0 = pitch angle of the airfoil and initial pitch angle, respectively, deg ϕ, ϕ 0 = phase angle and initial phase angle, respectively, rad ω = angular frequency, rad∕s ω z = spanwise (z direction) vorticity
Reflections on the South African Rand Crisis of 1996 and Policy Consequences *

After South Africa's democratic elections in 1994, large capital inflows were induced by the cessation of trade and financial sanctions, improved creditworthin ess and a liberalised capital account for foreigners. The flows were managed in a classic trade-off between currency stability, and raised interest rates to counter inflation resulting from a credit boom and partially sterilised intervention. In early 1996, the currency suffered a speculative attack. Using a t heoretical model of currency crises, we present some empirical results suggesting the importance of economic fundamentals and policy credibility as determinants of investors' devaluation expectations prior to the crisis. Poor growth associated with subsequent protracted currency volatility and high interest rates argues for a range of complementary policies to manage inflows in South Africa. These include reserve requirements on certain inflows, prudent further liberalisation of domestic exchange controls, improved private and government savings policies, a medium-term public debt framework and closer monitoring of risk management by banking and other financial institutions. __________________________________________ * Prepared for a chapter of the AERC/ICEG-funded book: "Macroeconomic Policies and Exchange Rate Management in African Ec onomies”, Francis Mwega and Ndung'u Njuguna (eds.), AERC/ICEG (forthcoming 1999). Janine Aron is grateful to Jonathan Leape, John Muellbauer, Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and Peter Worthington, and many others interviewed in the private financial sector in South Africa, and acknowledges support from a Research Fellowship, Economic and Social Research Council, U.K., Award Number H52427003594. Errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Private flows to SSA rose from US$4 billion in 1996 to an estimated total of US$8 billion in 1997. 1 An increase in bank lending from foreign commercial banks, encouraged in South Africa's case by high domestic interest rates, accounts for much of this rise (Global Development Finance, The World Bank, 1998). By turnover South Africa ranked lowest, however, reflecting the highly illiquid nature of the 2 exchange, dominated by large conglomerates (Emerging Market Stockmarket Factbook, IFC, 1995, and see also CREFSA Quarterly, July 1996). The broad goals of the earlier Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), were reinforced 3 by the Government's Growth, Employment and Redistribution strategy (GEAR), announced in June 1996. Projection by the banking corporation NEDCOR (SA), "Guide to the Economy", April, 1998. This 4 figure contrasts with a projected 3 percent real GDP growth rate for 1998/99, announced by the Minister of Finance (Budget Speech, March, 1998). Labour market inflexibility was emphasised in the GEAR macroeconomic strategy document of 5
Spatially resolved kinematics and stellar populations of brightest cluster and group galaxies

We present an examination of the kinematics and stellar populations of a sample of three brightest group galaxies (BGGs) and three brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in X-ray groups and clusters. We have obtained high signal-to-noise ratio Gemini/Gemini South Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) long-slit spectra of these galaxies and use Lick indices to determine ages, metallicities and α-element abundance ratios out to at least their effective radii. We find that the BGGs and BCGs have very uniform masses, central ages and central metallicities. Examining the radial dependence of their stellar populations, we find no significant velocity dispersion, age, or α-enhancement gradients. However, we find a wide range of metallicity gradients, suggesting a variety of formation mechanisms. The range of metallicity gradients observed is surprising, given the homogeneous environment these galaxies probe and their uniform central stellar populations. However, our results are inconsistent with any single model of galaxy formation and emphasize the need for more theoretical understanding of both the origins of metallicity gradients and galaxy formation itself. We postulate two possible physical causes for the different formation mechanisms.
Control of a powered planar biped without ankle actuation

This paper introduces a control method for a powered planar biped without ankle actuation. The existence of an ideal slope, on which the biped can walk without actuation, is assumed. The proposed controller can realize stable walking, as if the biped were on an ideal slope when the biped is on a different slope. The proposed controller has no singular points, whereas the control input diverges to infinity, unlike conventional controllers for powered passive walkers. Selected simulations were executed with a simple compass-like biped and a four-link biped with a mass body to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Energy-efficient layered content dissemination for multi-mode mobile devices

An energy efficiency based model of content-based access schemes for multi-radio mobile user devices is developed. The content is layered video consumed by the end device. The mobile devices are assumed to have an “asymmetric” interface structure: a satellite interface and a terrestrial interface for wireless multimedia networking. The terrestrial interface utilizes multi-hop transmission with opportunistic access schemes while the satellite interface provides a lower bitrate but simpler and less power-hungry transmission.
The Role of Educational Institutions in Instituting Ethics in Student life: Islamic Science Initiative

The paper recipe was an examination of potentiality that Islamic Science possesses toward the development and achievement of Ideal Student on tertiary institutions. Knowing fully that concerned institution had sufficiently suffered from the conventional norms and ethics operation, in that instituting discipline sometimes felled when religious norms and ideas is not well pronounced. Alas! Islamic law had provided several guidelines on behavior, attitude, relationship, respect, teachers/lecturers position needed by student and many of these. Pronouncing clearly the former, it fosters the accumulation of good character which at tail end produce good product (Graduate). Observation and experience in examining the practice and attitude of student in relating with their lecturers, institutions employees, and their colleagues is depressed. Islamic science faculty should not be left in vain, but rather should advice the institutions to create/form a unit charge with the responsibility of guiding and counseling both new and existing student, organizing workshops/seminars on character building, learning method, human relation, spiritual understanding and many more of these. It was found that, there existed a positive impact on the trend of institutions and individuals that commit a patronage to such system [1]. It’s good strategy that contributes to building a powerful ideal student in our higher institutions. The paper enumerate that in as much as the Islamic science continues toward solidifying a standard system of character building, which were previously unconcerned, will see significance of fruitful knowledge and teachers student relation, teachers to teachers relation, student to student relation and the product equals to perfect and effective education in our system.
Translation Assessment of Three English Translations of Words of Patience in some Selected Verses

Etymologically, the word patience is derived from the Latin root "pati-" which symbolizes "to suffer" (Skeat, 1993:335). From the religious point of view, as Fowler (1999:1) asserts, the virtue of patience is widely common in Old and New Testaments. In Old Testament, patience means "slow to anger" and in New Testament it signifies "perseverance in the face of difficulty". Easwaran (2010:25-6) defines patience as "a self-mastery, the capacity to hold on and remain loving in a difficult situation when every atom of your being wants to turn and run. " In a broader line, ابن القيم (2008:15-6) remarks that patience means accepting all kinds of hardship.
Text Line Segmentation in Images of Handwritten Historical Documents

This paper describes an original method to segment handwritten text lines from historical document images. After an initial preprocessing, we compute a black/white transition map to achieve a rough detection of the line regions in the image. Using this map, the corresponding line axes are extracted through a skeletonization algorithm and the conflicts between adjacent cutting lines are solved by some heuristics. Our approach was tested on a set of handwritten digitized documents (from the PROHIST Project database) from the end of the 19th century onwards. The proposed method worked well even with difficult images and it achieved an 82.18% of correct segmented lines for our database. The results of comparing our method with other recent proposal for automatic line extraction on the same test images offered more than a 38% of correct segmentation improvement.
A multifaceted investigation of the link between mental fatigue and task disengagement.

Mental fatigue is often characterized by reduced motivation for effortful activity and impaired task performance. We used subjective, behavioral (performance), and psychophysiological (P3, pupil diameter) measures during an n-back task to investigate the link between mental fatigue and task disengagement. After 2 h, we manipulated the rewards to examine a possible reengagement effect. Analyses showed that, with increasing fatigue and time-on-task, performance, P3 amplitude, and pupil diameter decreased. After increasing the rewards, all measures reverted to higher levels. Multilevel analysis revealed positive correlations between the used measures with time-on-task. We interpret these results as support for a strong link between task disengagement and mental fatigue.
Biosignatures on Mars: What, Where, and How? Implications for the Search for Martian Life

Abstract The search for traces of life is one of the principal objectives of Mars exploration. Central to this objective is the concept of habitability, the set of conditions that allows the appearance of life and successful establishment of microorganisms in any one location. While environmental conditions may have been conducive to the appearance of life early in martian history, habitable conditions were always heterogeneous on a spatial scale and in a geological time frame. This “punctuated” scenario of habitability would have had important consequences for the evolution of martian life, as well as for the presence and preservation of traces of life at a specific landing site. We hypothesize that, given the lack of long-term, continuous habitability, if martian life developed, it was (and may still be) chemotrophic and anaerobic. Obtaining nutrition from the same kinds of sources as early terrestrial chemotrophic life and living in the same kinds of environments, the fossilized traces of the latter serve as useful proxies for understanding the potential distribution of martian chemotrophs and their fossilized traces. Thus, comparison with analog, anaerobic, volcanic terrestrial environments (Early Archean >3.5–3.33 Ga) shows that the fossil remains of chemotrophs in such environments were common, although sparsely distributed, except in the vicinity of hydrothermal activity where nutrients were readily available. Moreover, the traces of these kinds of microorganisms can be well preserved, provided that they are rapidly mineralized and that the sediments in which they occur are rapidly cemented. We evaluate the biogenicity of these signatures by comparing them to possible abiotic features. Finally, we discuss the implications of different scenarios for life on Mars for detection by in situ exploration, ranging from its non-appearance, through preserved traces of life, to the presence of living microorganisms. Key Words: Mars—Early Earth—Anaerobic chemotrophs—Biosignatures—Astrobiology missions to Mars. Astrobiology 15, 998–1029.
The physiological psychology of hunger: a physiological perspective.

Hunger and satiety are usually discussed from the perspective of the central nervous system. In this paper we instead find the foundation for an understanding of hunger in the basic biochemical and physiological processes of energy metabolism. Such considerations suggest that the stimulus for hunger should be sought among changes that occur in the supply of metabolic fuels rather than in the utilization of specific nutrients or in the levels of fuel reserves. This line of reasoning diverts attention from the brain, which is not usually subject to dramatic fluctuations in its fuel supply, and focuses instead on the intestines, adipose tissue, and liver, the three peripheral organs that are most involved in the production or delivery of metabolic fuels. We propose that the stimulus for hunger derives from information provided to the brain by the liver in the course of normal hepatic function. More specifically, the stimulus for hunger may be associated with an alteration in oxidative metabolism within the liver, with food intake reversing that change. This view of hunger conforms closely to the fundamental features of caloric homeostasis and makes unnecessary such traditional hypothetical constructs as hunger and satiety centers, glucostat, lipostat, and body weight set point.
Cell Signaling Dynamics Analysis in Leukemia with Switching Boolean Networks

A major challenge in systems biology is to make and analyze models of signaling networks. Here, we suggest the use of switching Boolean networks using threshold Boolean networks; we made a model of the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) signaling network and analyzed this network to find the component that makes the signaling network abnormal by being deregulated. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells, which accumulate in the patient’s bone marrow and perturb the production of normal blood cells. We constructed a model of the AML signaling network by combining the signaling pathways involved in either myeloid differentiation or cell proliferation. We then analyzed this signaling network using switching Boolean networks. Some of the components found in by this simulation had been previously experimentally validated by other researchers; however, we also discovered some new components through our technique.
Dual specificity phosphatases: a gene family for control of MAP kinase function

Mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases are important players in signal transduction pathways activated by a range of stimuli and mediate a number of physiological and pathological changes in cell function. MAP kinase activation requires phosphorylation on a threonine and tyrosine residue located within the activation loop of kinase subdomain VIII. This process is reversible even in the continued presence of activating stimuli, indicating that protein phosphatases provide an important mechanism for MAP kinase control. Dual specificity phosphatases (DSPs) are an emerging subclass of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) gene superfam‐ily, which appears to be selective for dephosphory‐lating the critical phosphothreonine and phosphoty‐rosine residues within MAP kinases. Some DSPs are localized to different subcellular compartments and moreover, certain family members appear highly selective for inactivating distinct MAP kinase iso‐forms. This enzymatic specificity is due in part to powerful catalytic activation of the DSP phosphatase after tight binding of its amino‐terminal to the target MAP kinase. DSP gene expression is induced strongly by various growth factors and/or cellular stresses, providing a sophisticated transcriptional mechanism for targeted inactivation of selected MAP kinase activities. —Camps, M. , Nichols, A. , Arkinstall, S. Dual specificity phosphatases: a gene family for control of MAP kinase function. FASEB J. 14, 6–16(1999)
Star Formation in the Nearby Universe: The Ultraviolet and Infrared Points of View

This work presents the main ultraviolet (UV) and far-infrared (FIR) properties of two samples of nearby galaxies selected from the GALEX (λ = 2315 Å, hereafter NUV) and IRAS (λ = 60 μm) surveys, respectively. They are built in order to obtain detection at both wavelengths for most of the galaxies. Star formation rate (SFR) estimators based on the UV and FIR emissions are compared. Systematic differences are found between the SFR estimators for individual galaxies based on the NUV fluxes corrected for dust attenuation and on the total IR luminosity. A combined estimator based on NUV and IR luminosities seems to be the best proxy over the whole range of values of SFR. Although both samples present similar average values of the birthrate parameter b, their star-formation-related properties are substantially different: NUV-selected galaxies tend to show larger values of b for lower masses, SFRs, and dust attenuation, supporting previous scenarios of star formation history (SFH). Conversely, about 20% of the FIR-selected galaxies show high values of b, SFR, and NUV attenuation. These galaxies, most of them being LIRGs and ULIRGs, break down the downsizing picture of SFH; however, their relative contribution per unit volume is small in the local universe. Finally, the cosmic SFR density of the local universe is estimated in a consistent way from the NUV and IR luminosities.
PWM Carrier Harmonic Iron Loss Reduction Technique of Permanent-Magnet Motors for Electric Vehicles

This paper investigates a method to increase fuel economy of motors for an electric vehicle (EV) traction system. The low-torque region of an EV motor is frequently used in everyday urban driving and in fuel economy measurement. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) carrier harmonic iron loss accounts for a high percentage of total loss for EV motors in this region. This paper reveals the relationship between phase current and carrier harmonic iron loss for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the low-torque region. Thus, a novel carrier harmonic loss reduction technique is proposed and applied to two sets of three-phase windings for a concentrated winding PMSM. The loss is successfully reduced in a 70-kW EV motor as well as a two-dimensional finite-element method (2-D-FEM) calculation. The efficiency of the developed motor is calculated and compared with that of a conventional motor in the JC08 mode driving cycle.
Adiabatic Switching and Power Dissipation of Dynamic Resonant Tunneling Device Logic Circuits

Dynamic power dissipation is an important aspect of resonant tunneling device circuit design, especially if clock frequencies beyond 1 GHz are intended. In this paper we investigate the different sources of power dissipation of a dynamic resonant tunneling device logic family. Due to the self-latching behavior of the gates and the bitlevel pipelined circuit style an adiabatic clocking scheme is ideally suited to reduce the dynamic switching energy. Extrapolations for laterally scaled resonant tunneling de vices predict a total power dissipation below 20 μW per gate at5 GHz for a minimum feature size of 200nm and a peak current density of j P = 10kA=cm2. Compared to a non-adiabatic operation this is a reduction of the switching energy by about one order of magnitude.
Security games in the field: an initial study on a transit system

This paper presents actual results from the field using a novel deployed system referred to as the Multi-Operation Patrol Scheduling System (MOPSS). MOPSS generates patrols for a transit system considering three different threats: fare evasion (FE), terrorism (CT) and crime (CR). In so doing, this paper present four contributions: (i) we propose the first multi-operation patrolling system; (ii) MOPSS uses Markov decision processes (MDPs) to handle uncertain interruptions in the execution of patrol schedules; (iii) we are the first to deploy a new Opportunistic Security Game model, where the adversary, a criminal, makes opportunistic decisions on when and where to commit crimes and, finally (iv) we evaluate MOPSS in the real-world, providing some of the first actual data from security games in the field.