Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air bubble to clathrate hydrate transformation in polar ice sheets: A reconsideration based on the new data from Dome Fuji ice core

Mapping the spatial distribution of air bubbles and clathrate hydrates in thick sections of Antarctic ice from Dome Fuji station reveals a considerable redistribution of the inclusions in terms of number and volume in the bubble‐to‐hydrate transition zone. Analysis of the data indicated that more than 10% of the hydrates nucleated outside the preceding bubbles and more than 30% of the bubbles completely expired due to the gas outflow toward the coexisting hydrates. These features of the gas‐hydrate‐ice nonequilibrium system are of major importance for modeling the global bubble‐to‐hydrate transformation in polar ice sheets and thus the results may help improve our ability to extract paleoclimatic information from air inclusions in ice cores.
Growth, biomass, and carotenoids content analysis of Navicula sp. and Chlorella sp. in batch cultures with different salinities

Abstract. Haslianti, Sahidin, Asnani, Fristiohady A. 2023. Growth, biomass, and carotenoids content analysis of Navicula sp. and Chlorella sp. in batch cultures with different salinities. Biodiversitas 24: 4299-4306. The physiological activity of microalgae is strongly influenced by culture conditions. Therefore, the rebound in this microscopic plant blooming phenomenon varies according to the aquatic environmental parameters, especially the salinity of its medium. This study aimed to analyze the cell density, biomass, and carotenoid content of two types of microalgal cultures isolated from the sea of Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted from October 2021 to October 2022. The independent variable in this study was salinity (30, 33, and 36‰), and the dependent variables were the parameters of cell density, biomass, and carotenoids content. This study consisted of 135 unit experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD). The same trend in cell density is observed in the two types of microalgae, where exponential growth occurred from day 2 to day 6 and decreased in growth rate on day 7. The biomass content of the two types observed was relatively the same, ranging from 0.0176-0.0181 g, while the carotenoids content ranged from 12.8294-25.5958 g/mL. The highest carotenoids level was found in the type of Chlorella sp. (25.5958 g/mL) while the lowest was in the type of Navicula sp. (12.8294 g/mL). The data indicate that the salinity parameter (>30? 36‰) greatly influences and thus spikes growth in cells due to their biomass and high carotenoid content. The environment parameter also contributes significantly to other physiological parameters (one-way ANOVA, p<0.05).
An assessment of brightness temperature data quality of MSMR of IRS‐P4 satellite

Frequency dependence of brightness temperature (T B) in the range 6–21 GHz is studied as a function of surface roughness, vegetation cover and soil moisture using theoretical models. Frequency dependence of T B is plotted from Multi‐channel Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR) T B data of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (P‐series) IRS‐P4 for different target types such as ocean, desert, forest, agricultural and snow regions. MSMR responds to the variations of the target parameters; however, it is noticed that the T B data at 18 GHz deviate from the theoretically predicted trend. The effect of atmosphere (water vapour) is taken into account in the theoretical trend. However, the frequency dependence of T B plots from Scanning Multi‐channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) of Nimbus‐7 closely resemble the theoretical trend. This indicates that the relative calibration of 18 GHz T B of IRS‐P4 has some problem and needs to be looked into. Approximate offset values for each land type are computed and presented here. A general comparison of T B of MSMR and SMMR indicates that T B of MSMR is higher by 4 K, which needs to be further investigated.
Penerapan Metode Scrum Pada Perancangan Sistem Informasi Manajamen Arsip Surat Berbasis Web

Cipta Karya, Tata Ruang dan Pertanahan (SDCKTRP) Jakarta Timur. Saat ini pendataan dokumen arsip surat masuk dan keluar serta pelaporannya masih menggunakan cara manual, dengan pemakaian kertas yang berlebihan atau penggunaan ruang penyimpanan yang tidak efisien, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk mendapatkan data yang diinginkan. Penerapan sistem informasi manajemen arsip surat merupakan solusi dalam permasalahan yang ada pada SDCKTRP. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pembuatan perancangan sistem ini dengan menerapkan metode scrum, dan aplikasi yang dibangun menggunakan framework Codeigniter serta menggunakan database MySQL. Sistem informasi manajemen arsip surat yang sudah terkomputerisasi ini, dapat memudahkan dalam mengolah data serta proses penyimpanan data akan lebih tersusun rapi, karena disimpan kedalam database sehingga dapat mencegah hilangnya data.
Video Detection of Small Leaks in Buried Gas Pipelines

For the problem of difficult tracking of small leaks in buried gas pipelines, a video detection of small leaks in buried gas pipelines method is proposed for the detection robot inside buried gas pipelines. Firstly, collecting images and videos of leaks inside buried gas pipelines to establish a dataset. Secondly, build a video detection model for small leaks in buried gas pipelines, introduce a bidirectional feature pyramid network into YOLOv5s (You Only Look Once), and build a feature fusion network to enhance the model’s ability to fuse small leaks. Thirdly, building a small target detection layer and a small target detection head in the YOLOv5s classification prediction network enhances the model’s ability to fuse small leaks. Fourthly, the video detection model for small leaks in buried gas pipelines is trained using the dataset. Lastly, the model’s video detection effect of small leaks is verified through leak detection experiments in various situations. The experimental results show that the precision rate of this method is 94.1%, the recall is 94.8%, and the average precision is 94.5%, which has a good detection effect and strong generalization ability.
A revised model for the last deglaciation of eastern Scotland

Accelerator mass spectrometry 14C ages on monospecific marine microfauna from raised mud record initial deglaciation of the eastern coast of Scotland before 21.0 cal ka bp. Two subsequent ice-margin readvances occurred prior to the Loch Lomond Advance and are identified from ice-contact deposits overlying marine mud. The Lunan Bay Readvance dates to <20.2 cal ka bp, and possibly <18.2 cal ka bp. The younger Perth Readvance occurred between c. 17.5 cal ka bp and 14.5 10Be ka. Within dating uncertainties, these readvances are similar in age to ice-margin fluctuations documented from the Irish Sea Basin and northwestern Ireland and record three near-synchronous fluctuations of much of the British–Irish Ice Sheet margin during the last deglaciation, suggesting a common response to regional climate forcing.
Weak GPS Signal Detection in Animal Tracking

The weak GPS signal-processing work described here was part of the development of an innovative GPS tag - TrackTag™. The technology is aimed at animal tagging applications and therefore has particular challenges. These primarily relate to designing a tag to be small enough in physical size and weight so as not to impact the behaviour of the animal under study as well as robust enough to operate wherever the animal goes. TrackTag's architecture differs from that of a conventional GPS receiver. The key differences are that very short (typically 24 ms) snapshots are used and there is no processing intelligence on the tag itself. Such a short length of ON time, with no need for longer warm or cold starts, results in very little energy being used. This, in turn, allows the design of the tag to be made very small with a minimal battery size requirement and capable of being used over far greater periods than conventional GPS tags. Processing of the data is done on a PC following the download of the tag's memory. The GPS signal-processing using such short snapshots must not compromise the accuracy of the positions calculated and they should be comparable or better than normal GPS receivers. Weak signal processing is also a requirement for tracking signals in harsh environments involved with tagging animals in their natural habitat. This research has demonstrated that weak-signal processing coupled with the short snapshots, and careful integration of a suitable antenna, allows tracking under rainforest canopy and marine environments. Conventional GPS tends not to work well under those conditions.
Exploring the Solubility Limits of Edaravone in Neat Solvents and Binary Mixtures: Experimental and Machine Learning Study

This study explores the edaravone solubility space encompassing both neat and binary dissolution media. Efforts were made to reveal the inherent concentration limits of common pure and mixed solvents. For this purpose, the published solubility data of the title drug were scrupulously inspected and cured, which made the dataset consistent and coherent. However, the lack of some important types of solvents in the collection called for an extension of the available pool of edaravone solubility data. Hence, new measurements were performed to collect edaravone solubility values in polar non-protic and diprotic media. Such an extended set of data was used in the machine learning process for tuning the parameters of regressor models and formulating the ensemble for predicting new data. In both phases, namely the model training and ensemble formulation, close attention was paid not only to minimizing the deviation of computed values from the experimental ones but also to ensuring high predictive power and accurate solubility computations for new systems. Furthermore, the environmental friendliness characteristics determined based on the common green solvent selection criteria, were included in the analysis. Our applied protocol led to the conclusion that the solubility space defined by ordinary solvents is limited, and it is unlikely to find solvents that are better suited for edaravone dissolution than those described in this manuscript. The theoretical framework presented in this study provides a precise guideline for conducting experiments, as well as saving time and resources in the pursuit of new findings.
Age scale of the air in the summit ice: Implication for glacial-interglacial temperature change

The air occluded in ice sheets and glaciers has, in general, a younger age (defined as the time after its isolation from the atmosphere) than the surrounding ice matrix because snow is first transformed into open porous firn, in which the air can exchange with the atmosphere. Only at a certain depth (firn-ice transition) the pores are pinched off and the air is definitely isolated from the atmosphere. The firn-ice transition depth is at around 70 m under present climatic conditions at Summit, central Greenland. The air at this depth is roughly 10 years old due to diffusive mixing, whereas the ice is about 220 years old. This results in an age difference between the air and the ice of 210 years. This difference depends on temperature and accumulation rate and did thus not remain constant during the past. We used a dynamic firn densification model to calculate the firn-ice transition depth and the age of the ice at this depth and an air diffusion model to determine the age of the air at the transition. Past temperatures and accumulation rates have been deduced from the δ18O record using time independent functions. We present the results of model calculations of two paleotemperature scenarios yielding a record of the age difference between the air and the ice for the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) ice cores for the last 100,000 years. During the Holocene, the age difference stayed rather stable around 200 years, while it reached values up to 1400 years during the last glaciation for the colder scenario. The model results are compared with age differences obtained independently by matching corresponding climate events in the methane and δ18O records assuming a very small phase lag between variations in the Greenland surface temperature and the atmospheric methane. The past firn-ice transition depths are compared with diffusive column heights obtained from δ15N of N2 measurements. The results of this study corroborate the large temperature change of 20 to 25 K from the coldest glacial to Holocene climate found by evaluating borehole temperature profiles.
Game4Good: A Community-Based and Interactive Game Platform for Social Impact using Game Engine and Big Data Analysis

This paper introduces a novel approach to education through game-based learning by merging chemistry and traffic planning concepts into interactive experiences [1]. The project addresses challenges in comprehending chemical reactions and traffic congestion issues [2][3]. A Unity Engine-based game was developed for each subject [4]. The chemistry game enabled players to simulate real-life chemical reactions and compound combinations, enhancing practical understanding [5]. The traffic planning game offered scenarios to design effective traffic flow, fostering awareness and knowledge of traffic management. Both experiments demonstrated significant post-test score improvements in the experimental groups compared to controls. Results underscore the efficacy of game-based learning in promoting experiential comprehension. The immersive and interactive nature of the games facilitated engagement, enabling participants to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. These findings contribute to innovative educational tools that bridge theoretical gaps and provide effective learning avenues.
Predicting Functional Recovery of Stroke Rehabilitation Using a Deep Learning Technique

Stroke survivors have access to a wide range of drug and non-drug treatments for the resulting physiological and functional problems. However, comprehensive therapies typically fail to meet the demands of a large percentage of patients. The recent clinical studies to improve protocol scientific evidence have resulted in a new development phase for rehabilitation medicine. Stroke rehabilitation supports individuals to lead a normal life. It assists the physicians in offering an effective environment to the patients. The evaluation of a patient’s progress in rehabilitation is based on the clinician’s subjective observations and the patient’s self-reported data. Deep learning techniques offer novel forms of individualized treatment. Nonetheless, missing data is one of the crucial factors that reduces the performance of data classification techniques. Thus, there is a demand for functional recovery prediction models for supporting stroke patients (SPs) to improve their quality of life. In this study, the researchers intend to build a framework for predicting functional outcomes using the electronic health record data of SPs. An attention-based bidirectional gated recurrent unit is used for developing the data imputation model. In addition, a shallow-convolutional neural network is employed for predicting the functional outcomes based on the modified Barthel Index. Data from 356 SPs were utilized for evaluating the performance of the proposed framework with the benchmark metrics and baseline models. The findings reveal that the proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art classification by achieving an average accuracy, precision, recall, F1-measure, specificity, and sensitivity of 98.18, 97.48, 98, 97.74, 96.74, and 97.24, respectively. The proposed framework can be implemented in real time to support SPs.
Land use change and biogeochemical controls of nitrogen oxide emissions from soils in eastern Amazonia

The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effects of land use change on N oxide fluxes from soil in seasonally dry, eastern Amazonia and (2) evaluate the “hole‐in‐the‐pipe” model in a field setting where N availability varies among land uses and soil moisture varies among seasons. We measured N oxide flux from an old‐growth forest, a 20‐year‐old secondary forest, an active pasture, and a degraded pasture. We also measured soil water content, soil inorganic N stocks, net N mineralization and nitrification potential. To determine the effects of pasture age on N oxide flux, we measured gas fluxes at a chronosequence of pastures (0‐13 years). In the land use study, N2O fluxes followed the order: primary forest (2.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1) > secondary forest (0.9 kg N ha−1 yr−1) > active pasture (0.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1) ≥ degraded pasture (0.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1), and NO fluxes followed the order: primary forest (1.5 kg N ha y−11) > degraded pasture (0.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1) > active pasture (0.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1) ≥ secondary forest (0.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1). In the chronosequence study, no trend in N oxide emissions with pasture age was apparent, but emissions from pastures were lower than from the forest.Total N oxide flux correlated with a laboratory measure of nitrification potential (r2 = 0.85). The ratio N2O:NO correlated with soil water content (r2 = 0.56). Parameterization of the model accounted for variability in N oxide emissions across land uses and seasons and the model application revealed the importance of studying both N oxide gases simultaneously. Model predictions for six independent sites agreed well with observed fluxes, suggesting that the model may be applicable at a broader scale. The consistently low annual emissions of N2O estimated for all of the Amazonian pastures that we studied suggest that conversions of tropical forests to cattle pastures may not in the long term cause a significant increase in the contribution of soil emissions to atmospheric N2O or NO.
A Miocene ostrich fossil from Gansu Province, northwest China

A pelvic skeleton, recognized as a large terrestrial bird in the field, was recently collected by our paleomammalogist colleagues from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology from the late Miocene sandy mudstones in the Linxia Basin in Gansu Province, northwest China. We have further referred this bird to as an early representative of ostrich. Ostrich fossils usually coexisted with the famous Hipparion Fauna from the Miocene to Pliocene.
Path Merging Based Betweenness Centrality Algorithm in Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a widely used network in computer network and wireless network, there are no permanent end-to-end connections between source and destination nodes (vertices). Betweenness centrality (BC) is used to find the key nodes (vertices) of DTNs, and there are kinds of implementations of the BC algorithm for DTNs. However, most recent algorithms in BC computation suffer from the problem of high auxiliary memory consumption. To reduce BC computing’s memory consumption, we propose a path-merging-based algorithm called Galliot to calculate the BC values using GPU, which aims to minimize the on-board memory consumption and enable the BC computation of large-scale graphs on GPU. The proposed algorithm requires <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> space and runs in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(mn)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> time on unweighted graphs. We present the theoretical principle for the proposed path merging method. Moreover, we propose a locality-oriented policy to maintain and update the worklist to improve GPU data locality. In addition, we conducted extensive experiments on NVIDIA GPUs to show the performance of Galliot. The results show that Galliot can process the larger graphs, which have <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.32\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> more vertices and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.67\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> more edges than the graphs that recent works can process. Moreover, Galliot can achieve up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$38.77\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> speedup over the existing methods.
Effects of flow regulation on disturbance frequencies and in‐channel bryophytes and macroalgae in some upland streams

River regulation can cause various downstream changes to the physical environment of stream channels. Here, we examined whether disturbance of the stream bed and/or degree of emergence of large substrata affect the diversity and abundances of bryophytes and macroalgae in three regulated and three unregulated upland streams. We marked and mapped randomly selected rocks in situ for each stream and measured the rates at which these substrata disappeared. We recorded percentage covers of bryophytes and macroalgae in each stream on rocks of differing sizes (‘small’ <10 cm, ‘medium’ = 10–20 cm, ‘large’ >20 cm maximum top dimension) and lying either loosely on top of the bed or packed into it; we also recorded when rocks were emergent. We found strong positive associations between plant cover (mostly bryophytes) and substrate size, consistent with the hypothesis that substratum stability primarily drives bryophyte abundance. Nevertheless, highest covers of bryophytes in unregulated streams were found on emergent rocks, which tended to be large, meaning that disturbance and emergence effects were difficult to discriminate. Regulated streams did not have lower disturbance frequencies than unregulated systems. Percentage covers of plants, primarily bryophytes, were lower in regulated systems because of reduced cover on large substrata, but not small or medium ones. Together, these two pieces of evidence suggest that effects of river regulation on bryophytes were not caused by altered disturbance frequencies. A more likely explanation is that regulated streams have little of the daily or weekly rises and falls in discharge that occur in unregulated streams because of small rainfall events. Consequently, large rocks in regulated streams have only narrow zones that are subject to a variety of wetted conditions, which may be more suitable for bryophyte growth and colonization than constant submergence. Distinguishing between disturbance and emergence effects is important for setting environmental flows: alleviating the former requires more flushing flows whilst the latter requires greater temporal variability in non‐flood flows. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.