Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resilient, Auditable, and Secure IoT-Enabled Smart Inverter Firmware Amendments With Blockchain

The solar industry in residential areas has been witnessing an astonishing growth worldwide. At the heart of this transformation, affecting the edge of the electricity grid, reside smart inverters (SIs). These IoT-enabled devices aim to introduce a certain degree of intelligence to conventional inverters by integrating various grid support capabilities (e.g., voltage and frequency control). However, with the remarkable automation of these devices come enormous security risks. Thus, rising rates of vulnerabilities have increased the necessity for designing resilient, auditable, and secure SIs’ firmware over the air (FOTA) amendment schemes suitable for this heterogeneous SIs-based ecosystem. In this regard, we propose leveraging blockchain as an innovative technology to guarantee these cybersecurity requirements. In this article, we present the design of a distributed FOTA scheme, namely, RASSIFAB, governing the process of amending SIs’ firmware within residential areas in an immutable and scalable manner. The scheme was implemented on a blockchain test network to assess its functionalities and performance. We also carried out a security evaluation to determine whether RASSIFAB is resistant to various identified threats. The obtained results confirm that the scheme is efficient and sound. They also indicate that RASSIFAB ensures reliable and authentic firmware amendments even with malicious insiders, differentiating our framework from the existing ones.
Elemental abundance variation with particle size in north Florida aerosols

A nonurban base line has been established for nine trace element constituents of aerosol particles as a function of particle size at ground level sampling stations in north Florida up to 50 km from the Gulf of Mexico. The particle size range 0.25- to >4-μm aerodynamic diameter was investigated by cascade impactor sampling and elemental analysis by proton-induced X ray emission. By using a strategy of sampling at urban, forest, and coastal locations and by choosing approximately 48-hour sample averaging intervals the potential dependence of the base line levels both on local pollution and natural sources and on local particle size specific aerosol removal processes could be evaluated. It is found that elements contained in the largest particles, especially those of >4 μm, display the greatest degree of average concentration difference between sites, a result suggesting short atmospheric residence times and the importance of local dispersion sources and atmospheric cleansing processes in regulating the particle concentrations in air. Elements contained in particles of <2-μm diameter show little average concentration difference between sites unless they are influenced by local pollution sources, a finding suggesting that their concentrations in air are regulated by large-scale sources and transport processes. Sulfur in the smallest particles shows a marked constancy of concentration, but it may be modified in the largest particle size ranges in relation to proximity to the seacoast. No evidence is found for dependence of particulate sulfur concentrations on local pollution sources. K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Zn appear to be regulated in the main by terrestrial source processes, and Cl by marine source processes, but Br and Pb appear to be accounted for adequately by assuming automotive fuel combustion as their major source. Limited data obtained for V indicate that it may vary considerably with fluctuations in aerosol transport from oil-fired electric power plant sources in the region. Limited additional data also suggest that Mn is derived from sources of natural terrestrial composition. In view of these findings, certain criteria may be set for the design of a meaningful nonurban aerosol monitoring network.
Basin evolution of Upper Cretaceous–Lower Cenozoic strata in the Malargüe fold‐and‐thrust belt: northern Neuquén Basin, Argentina

The Andean Orogen is the type‐example of an active Cordilleran style margin with a long‐lived retroarc fold‐and‐thrust belt and foreland basin. Timing of initial shortening and foreland basin development in Argentina is diachronous along‐strike, with ages varying by 20–30 Myr. The Neuquén Basin (32°S to 40°S) contains a thick sedimentary sequence ranging in age from late Triassic to Cenozoic, which preserves a record of rift, back arc and foreland basin environments. As much of the primary evidence for initial uplift has been overprinted or covered by younger shortening and volcanic activity, basin strata provide the most complete record of early mountain building. Detailed sedimentology and new maximum depositional ages obtained from detrital zircon U–Pb analyses from the Malargüe fold‐and‐thrust belt (35°S) record a facies change between the marine evaporites of the Huitrín Formation (ca. 122 Ma) and the fluvial sandstones and conglomerates of the Diamante Formation (ca. 95 Ma). A 25–30 Myr unconformity between the Huitrín and Diamante formations represents the transition from post‐rift thermal subsidence to forebulge erosion during initial flexural loading related to crustal shortening and uplift along the magmatic arc to the west by at least 97 ± 2 Ma. This change in basin style is not marked by any significant difference in provenance and detrital zircon signature. A distinct change in detrital zircons, sandstone composition and palaeocurrent direction from west‐directed to east‐directed occurs instead in the middle Diamante Formation and may reflect the Late Cretaceous transition from forebulge derived sediment in the distal foredeep to proximal foredeep material derived from the thrust belt to the west. This change in palaeoflow represents the migration of the forebulge, and therefore, of the foreland basin system between 80 and 90 Ma in the Malargüe area.
Electric Vehicle On-Board Fast Charging Through Converter Maximum Switch Utilization

This work deals with a single-phase on-board fast charger for electric vehicles (EVs). One of the key parameters to restrict the on-board fast charging is the converter power density. Almost all the existing single-stage and two-stage converter topologies in discontinuous conduction mode are limited to slow charging due to high current stress. Further, these converters, regardless of conduction modes, experience high voltage stress across semiconductor switches due to the interaction between filter and circuit inductances that limit their EV charging rate. To overcome these challenges, in this article, a new concept of utilizing the converter semiconductor switch capacity to facilitate fast charging is proposed. It is demonstrated that by using the converter switch rating at its maximum capacity, the range of power drawn from the input can be extended. To achieve the aforementioned objective, a two-stage configuration based on bridgeless switched inductor (BLSI) Cuk converter is proposed to achieve EV fast charging. The performance of the proposed concept is validated through MATLAB/ Simulink-based simulation study and proof-of-concept with a scaled-down laboratory prototype. It is shown that the proposed concept along with the BLSI Cuk converter can charge EV battery upto three times faster than conventional buck–boost converter-based single-stage and two-stage chargers.
Cosmogenic nuclides 10Be and 26Al imply limited Antarctic Ice Sheet thickening and low erosion in the Shackleton Range for >1 m.y.

Concentrations of the cosmogenic nuclides 1 0 Be and 2 6 Al on bedrock surfaces in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica, indicate minimum exposure ages between 3.0 ′ 03 and 1.16 ′ 0.10 Ma. The isotope data indicate that the maximum long-term erosion rate is 0.10-0.35 m/m.y. , and the ratios suggest no prolonged periods of burial by cold-based ice. The findings are important because of the location of the massif close to the junction of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and the landward extent of the Filchner Ice Shelf. These results point to three conclusions. First, the massif has not been overridden by the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the late Quaternary. Rather, moraines 200-340 m above outlet glaciers are likely to represent the maximum thickening of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf during the Quaternary. Second, the high radionuclide concentrations on bedrock surfaces, one of which is striated, suggest that some glacial landforms were created in at least Pliocene or more likely Miocene time. Third, the exceptionally low erosion rates imply that the modern cold, arid climate has persisted for millions of years. These findings provide evidence of old, stable landscapes over a wider area of Antarctica than the Mc-Murdo Dry Valleys.
Comparing the discourses of #BlackLivesMatter and #StopAsianHate on Twitter: Diversity and emotional and moral sentiments

Abstract Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, two important antiracist movements, namely, Black Lives Matter and Stop Asian Hate, swept across the United States between 2020 and early 2021. Social media platforms such as Twitter have become an increasingly important tool for mobilizing social movements. To gain a comprehensive understanding of social media users’ attention and reactions to racial injustice during this unprecedented time, the current study explores and compares the discursive characteristics of Twitter discussions of these two movements: their volume changes, word diversities, and moral and emotional sentiments. By analyzing the text of approximately 5 million tweets from April 2020 to April 2021 using a dictionary-based word count method, this research showed that compared to #BlackLivesMatter, #StopAsianHate was less diverse, more morally charged, and less positive in emotional sentiment. Additionally, #StopAsianHate contained stronger moral emotions than #BlackLivesMatter. The study connects these distinct characteristics to the two movements’ differences in their objectives, progress and participants’ demographics and provides implications for effective antiracist activism on social media.
Empowering Mother of Toddler to Overcome Stunting in an Integrative Way an Dairi District

Stunting is one of the targets Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which are included in the 2nd sustainable development goal, namely eliminating hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030 and achieving food security. The target set is to reduce the number stunting up to 14% in 2024. Stunting caused by multi-dimensional factors and not only caused by PEM factors experienced by pregnant women or poor nutrition experienced by children under five. There is still a lack of household/family access to nutritious food, lack of access to clean water and sanitation. The aim of this research in the second year is to overcome the problem of stunting by empowering interventions for mothers of toddlers to improve water quality, knowledge and attitudes about PHBS and nutritional intake as well as the correct way of processing MPASI, so that they are able to provide food that meets the nutritional needs of toddlers stunting by using local local food. In this research, data analysis was carried out using the dependent t statistical test. The results of the interventions carried out provide an illustration of improving water quality, increasing mothers knowledge and attitudes about PHBS and balanced nutrition for toddlers, even joint cooking activities also improve mothers skills to be able to prepare nutritious, cheap and delicious food.
Bottled Mineral Waters as Unconventional Sampling in Hydro-Geological Research

Bottled mineral waters originate from groundwater aquifers, their chemical composition being initially determined by geochemical water-rock interaction processes. The waters used for bottling originate from different parts of the hydrological cycle and have a unique hydro-geochemical fingerprint. As water moves through the water cycle, the isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen in the water molecule may change. Determining 18O and 2H can help to characterize the source of bottled water and the natural conditions of the parent water body, of the recharge area, and the influence of various processes during infiltration and water flow within the water body. Usually, the chemical composition is reported on the label of bottled waters, while stable isotopes data are often unreported and are sometimes available from scientific publications. Bottled waters from selected sites of Europe where chemical and stable isotopic composition were available have been considered and accompanying data reinterpreted. The available data have been reinterpreted by obtaining results comparable, within limitations, to traditional sampling and analytical procedures, demonstrating the usefulness of the adopted methodology in emergency cases. Therefore, the utilization of isotopic values of bottled waters should be limited to the observation of general trends in isotopic composition of feeding waters, while more local studies are advised for a better understanding of the hydro-geological circuits.
The Neural Correlates of Developmental Prosopagnosia: Twenty-Five Years on

Faces play a crucial role in social interactions. Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) refers to the lifelong difficulty in recognizing faces despite the absence of obvious signs of brain lesions. In recent decades, the neural substrate of this condition has been extensively investigated. While early neuroimaging studies did not reveal significant functional and structural abnormalities in the brains of individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DPs), recent evidence identifies abnormalities at multiple levels within DPs’ face-processing networks. The current work aims to provide an overview of the convergent and contrasting findings by examining twenty-five years of neuroimaging literature on the anatomo-functional correlates of DP. We included 55 original papers, including 63 studies that compared the brain structure (MRI) and activity (fMRI, EEG, MEG) of healthy control participants and DPs. Despite variations in methods, procedures, outcomes, sample selection, and study design, this scoping review suggests that morphological, functional, and electrophysiological features characterize DPs’ brains, primarily within the ventral visual stream. Particularly, the functional and anatomical connectivity between the Fusiform Face Area and the other face-sensitive regions seems strongly impaired. The cognitive and clinical implications as well as the limitations of these findings are discussed in light of the available knowledge and challenges in the context of DP.
In Situ Lateral Stress Coefficient (K0) from Shear Wave Velocity Measurements in Soils

AbstractThe at-rest lateral stress coefficient (K0) is an important soil parameter in geotechnical design problems and yet it is quite elusive in our ability to assess its value, either by laboratory or in situ tests. In this study, an innovative geophysics approach toward the evaluation of the in situ K0 profile with depth is obtained by using small-strain stiffness anisotropy ratio (G0,HH/G0,VH) in soils. The newly proposed K0 equation is derived from a database compiled from 12 test sites which have direct K0 measurements, as procured from field tests, either self-boring pressuremeters (SBP) or total stress cells (TSC), and/or laboratory triaxial tests, instrumented consolidometers, and/or suction measurements. The data show a strong relationship between the overconsolidation difference (OCD=σp′−σvo′) and stiffness anisotropy ratio, thus enabling a K0 assessment in clays, silts, and sands.
Cycad forensics: tracing the origin of poached cycads using stable isotapes, trace element concentrations and radiocarbon dating techniques

v Chapter 1: Status of cycads and background to developing a forensic technique 1 1. Why are cycads threatened? 2 2. Importance of cycads 4 3. Current conservation strategies 5 4. Stable isotopes in forensic science 7 5. Trace element concentrations 15 6. Principles for using isotopes as a tracer 15 7. Radiocarbon dating 16 8. Cycad life history, anatomy and age of tissues 18 9. Recapitulation 22 Chapter 2: Applying stable isotope and radiocarbon dating techniques to cycads 23
Earthquake history, 1769-1989

Motion between the North American and Pacific plates at the latitude of the San Andreas fault produces a broad zone of large-magnitude earthquake activity extending more than 500 km into the continental interior. The San Andreas fault system defines the western limits of plate interaction and dominates the overall pattern of seismic strain release. Few of the M {ge} 6 earthquakes that have occurred in the past 2 centuries were located on the San Andreas fault proper, an observation emphasizing the importance of secondary faults for both seismic-hazard assessment and tectonic processes.
The sensitivity of wet and dry tropical forests to climate change in Bolivia

Bolivia's forests contribute to the global carbon and water cycle, as well as to global biodiversity. The survival of these forests may be at risk due to climate change. To explore the associated mechanisms and uncertainties, a regionally adapted dynamic vegetation model was implemented for the Bolivian case, and forced with two contrasting climate change projections. Changes in carbon stocks and fluxes were evaluated, factoring out the individual contributions of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]), temperature, and precipitation. Impacts ranged from a strong increase to a severe loss of vegetation carbon (cv), depending on differences in climate projections, as well as the physiological response to rising [CO2]. The loss of cv simulated for an extremely dry projection was primarily driven by a reduction in gross primary productivity, and secondarily by enhanced emissions from fires and autotrophic respiration. In the wet forest, less precipitation and higher temperatures equally reduced cv, while in the dry forest, the impact of precipitation was dominating. The temperature‐related reduction of cv was mainly due to a decrease in photosynthesis and only to lesser extent because of more autotrophic respiration and less stomatal conductance as a response to an increasing atmospheric evaporative demand. Under an extremely dry projection, tropical dry forests were simulated to virtually disappear, regardless of the potential fertilizing effect of rising [CO2]. This suggests a higher risk for forest loss along the drier southern fringe of the Amazon if annual precipitation will decrease substantially.
Two Iron-Age Settlement Sites in Germany: From Field Work via Numerical Modeling towards an Improved Interpretation

Geophysical exploration of archaeological sites has been a successful tool becoming more and more popular in the last decades. Many archaeological features can be detected with magnetic gradiometry (MGR), such as fire places, burned loam, metal artifacts, or other remnants, which produce a remanent magnetic signal detectable on the surface. However, as magnetic minerals are also present in natural settings, e.g. sedimentary and magmatic rocks and sediments derived from these host rocks, the MGR signal from archaeological artifacts is often embedded in a broader geomorphological signal, which makes separation of the different sources difficult. We provide geophysical data from two complex archaeological sites in northern Germany, which have been obtained with different methods, e.g. magnetic gradiometry (MGR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), electro-magnetic mapping (EM), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The combination of geophysical methods maps different material properties of both the geomorphological and the archaeological sources. We then use the three-dimensional modeling tool PREDICTOR to analyze the sources for the geophysical signals, e.g. the dominant signal in Leimbach, resulting from infill of palaeo-channels in the settlement area, and fire places as well as shafts in the hill fort of Lossow. The model prediction enables us to quantify the structures in the sub-surface and therefore helps to unravel complex situations often present in archaeological excavations.
Data Curation in Interdisciplinary and Highly Collaborative Research

This paper provides a systematic analysis of publications that discuss data curation in interdisciplinary and highly collaborative research (IHCR). Using content analysis methodology, it examined 159 publications and identified patterns in definitions of interdisciplinarity, projects’ participants and methodologies, and approaches to data curation. The findings suggest that data is a prominent component in interdisciplinarity. In addition to crossing disciplinary and other boundaries, IHCR is defined as curating and integrating heterogeneous data and creating new forms of knowledge from it. Using personal experiences and descriptive approaches, the publications discussed challenges that data curation in IHCR faces, including an increased overhead in coordination and management, lack of consistent metadata practices, and custom infrastructure that makes interoperability across projects, domains, and repositories difficult. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.
Recreational parameters as an assessment tool for beach quality

ABSTRACT Botero, C. , Pereira, C. , Anfuso, A. , Cervantes, O. , Williams, A.T. , Pranzini, E. , Silva, C.P. 2014. Recreational parameters as an assessment tool for beach In: Green, A.N. and Cooper, J.A. G. (eds.), Proceedings 13th International Coastal Symposium (Durban, South Africa), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 70, pp. 556–562 ISSN 0749-0208. Beach quality can be understood according to uses established for this coastal system, the most common being tourism, fishing and conservation. This is especially true with regards to tourism, where quality is frequently measured with respect to two major areas: environmental and recreational. In 2002, an environmental quality index for tourist beaches was developed in Colombia, called ICAPTU (Índice de Calidad Ambiental en Playas Turísticas). ICAPTU had four indicators and eleven parameters, mainly focused in environmental aspects. In 2010, a research project started with the objective of updating ICAPTU with a more comprehensive scope, dividing environmental quality into three indicators: sanitary, eco-systemic and recreational. This research paper presents the progress on the design of five parameters considered in the newer version of ICAPTU, all related to recreational issues: a. Coastal Scenery, focused on an assessment tool tested in Europe, USA and Australia; b. Safety and security, measured from risk perception and real risk; c. Urbanization, related to ecosystem resilience to infrastructure on the shore; d. Zoning, understood as a spatial organization of beach activities; e. Environmental behaviour, assessed from a test focused on common attitudes of tourists when they visit the beach. These five parameters were used on-field techniques as a method for acquiring information. Several instruments were designed based on surveys, checklists and interpretation sheets. Every tool was applied and tested on Colombian beaches located in four Departments: La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlántico and Bolivar. Geospatial technologies are also explored as resources for improving the evaluation of beach environmental quality. Finally, this work concluded that beach quality can be assessed by recreational parameters, scientifically designed, supporting decision making of coastal zone management.