Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pyrrole Alkaloids with Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Activity Isolated from a Goji Berry-Contaminated Commercial Sample of African Mango

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a commercial sample of African mango (Irvingia gabonensis) that was later shown to be contaminated with goji berry (Lycium sp.) led to the isolation of a new pyrrole alkaloid, methyl 2-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]propanoate, 1, along with seven known compounds, 2–8. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data. The new compound 1g showed hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity with an ED50 value of 16.7 μM, whereas 4-[formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid (2) was active in both the hydroxyl radical-scavenging (ED50 11.9 μM) and quinone reductase-induction [CD (concentration required to double QR activity) 2.4 μM)] assays used. The isolated compounds were shown to be absent in a taxonomically authenticated African mango sample but present in three separate authentic samples of goji berry (Lycium barbarum) using LC-MS and 1H NMR fingerprinting analysis, including one sample that previously showed inhibitory activity in vivo in a rat esophageal cancer model induced with N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine. Additionally, microscopic features characteristic of goji berry were observed in the commercial African mango sample.
Security and privacy in the Internet of Things: Current status and open issues

The Internet of Things at large will foster billions of devices, people and services to interconnect and exchange information and useful data. As IoT systems will be ubiquitous and pervasive, a number of security and privacy issues will arise. Credible, economical, efficient and effective security and privacy for IoT are required to ensure exact and accurate confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and access control, among others. In this paper, the IoT vision, existing security threats, and open challenges in the domain of IoT are discussed. The current state of research on IoT security requirements is discussed and future research directions with respect to IoT security and privacy are presented.
Reduction of environmental distraction to facilitate cognitive performance

Imagine explaining a statistics problem to a student while your colleague at the back of the room is frantically waving to get your attention. Or imagine reporting to a police officer on the street what happened during a witnessed mugging, while seeing traffic buzz by and hearing snippets of conversations from passers-by. Environmental distractions can have an impact on cognitive performance, whether this concerns solving a mathematical problem, maintaining a conversation, or retrieving an experienced event from memory. Glenberg et al. (1998) were the first to systematically explore the relationship between memory, environmental distraction, and behavioral control of distraction through gaze aversion and eye-closure. In a series of experiments, they found that people are more likely to avert their gaze when trying to answer more difficult questions about general and autobiographical information. Moreover, they found that instructed eye-closure resulted in better performance on a word recall task, whereas watching a silent movie resulted in poorer performance. Inspired by this work, Wagstaff et al. (2004) and Perfect et al. (2008) examined whether instructed eye-closure could also improve recall of events. In a series of studies, they found that eye-closure substantially improved the amount and accuracy of information reported about witnessed events.
Role of Calcium Signaling in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Apicoplast Genome of Plasmodium falciparum

Calcium is a universal second messenger that plays an important role in regulatory processes in eukaryotic cells. To understand calcium-dependent signaling in malaria parasites, we analyzed transcriptional responses of Plasmodium falciparum to two calcium ionophores (A23187 and ionomycin) that cause redistribution of intracellular calcium within the cytoplasm. While ionomycin induced a specific transcriptional response defined by up- or downregulation of a narrow set of genes, A23187 caused a developmental arrest in the schizont stage. In addition, we observed a dramatic decrease of mRNA levels of the transcripts encoded by the apicoplast genome during the exposure of P. falciparum to both calcium ionophores. Neither of the ionophores caused any disruptions to the DNA replication or the overall apicoplast morphology. This suggests that the mRNA downregulation reflects direct inhibition of the apicoplast gene transcription. Next, we identify a nuclear encoded protein with a calcium binding domain (EF-hand) that is localized to the apicoplast. Overexpression of this protein (termed PfACBP1) in P. falciparum cells mediates an increased resistance to the ionophores which suggests its role in calcium-dependent signaling within the apicoplast. Our data indicate that the P. falciparum apicoplast requires calcium-dependent signaling that involves a novel protein PfACBP1.
Towards semg classification based on Bayesian and k-NN to control a prosthetic hand

This paper presents the classification of motor tasks, using surface electromyography (sEMG) to control a prosthetic hand for rehabilitation of amputees. Two types of classifiers are compared: k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and Bayesian (Discriminant Analysis). Motor tasks are divided into four groups correlated. The volunteers were healthy people (without amputation) and several analyzes of each of the signals were conducted. The online simulations use the sliding window technique and for feature extraction RMS (Root Mean Square), VAR (Variance) and WL (Waveform Length) values were used. A model is proposed for reclassification using cross-validation in order to validate the classification, and a visualization in Sammon Maps is provided in order to observe the separation of the classes for each set of motor tasks. Finally, the proposed method can be implemented in a computer interface providing a visual feedback through a artificial prosthetic developed in Visual C++ and MATLAB commands.
Antiretroviral treatment, management challenges and outcomes in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents

Three decades into the HIV/AIDS epidemic there is a growing cohort of perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents globally. Their survival into adolescence and beyond represent one of the major successes in the battle against the disease that has claimed the lives of millions of children. This population is diverse and there are unique issues related to antiretroviral treatment and management. Drawing from the literature and experience, this paper discusses several broad areas related to antiretroviral management, including: 1) diverse presentation of HIV, (2) use of combination antiretroviral therapy including in the setting of co‐morbidities and rapid growth and development, (3) challenges of cART, including nonadherence, resistance, and management of the highly treatment‐experienced adolescent patient, (4) additional unique concerns and management issues related to PHIV‐infected adolescents, including the consequences of longterm inflammation, risk of transmission, and transitions to adult care. In each section, the experience in both resource‐rich and limited settings are discussed with the aim of highlighting the differences and importantly the similarities, to share lessons learnt and provide insight into the multi‐faceted approaches that may be needed to address the challenges faced by this unique and resilient population.
The Political Class and Redistributive Policies

We study the relationship between the composition of the political class and the size of government. First, we use a citizen-candidate model to show that the extension of suffrage is inconsequential for government spending when stricter eligibility requirements are in place. The removal of eligibility requirements, on the other hand, leads to the election of less wealthy politicians and the enactment of more redistributive policies. We test these predictions empirically using data from the 13 U.S. original states. We find no robust correlation between the extension of the franchise and government spending or the composition of the political class. However, the subsequent elimination of eligibility restrictions is associated with an increase in government spending and the election of state senators with a less elite background.
Construction of some types wavelets with coefficient of scaling N

In this paper it is shown, that B-splines are scaling functions for any natural N. Construction of Haar wavelets, Kotelnikov-Shannon wavelets, nonorthogonal wavelets based on B-splines is given. 1. Scaling functions. Let N > 1 – an integer, Z – the set of all integers and L 2 (R) – Hilbert space of square integrable functions. Definition 1. Function '(x) ∈ L 2 (R) is called N-scaling, if it can be represented as
Passive OS detection by monitoring network flows

flow monitoring is a way of monitoring network activity without looking at individual packets or the payload of these packages. This paper proposes a method to detect a specific operating system in a network within a set of network flows. This is desirable because it is not feasible to capture individual packets or to inspect payload of the network traffic of a company or university. An administrator might want to know which operating systems are being used in his/her network. The update procedure of the operating system is different for different operating systems. This could be visible within network flows. The method is demonstrated by a proof of concept and validated using real flow data from the routers of the University of Twente.
BUT 2014 Babel system: analysis of adaptation in NN based systems

Features based on a hierarchy of neural networks with compressive layers – Stacked Bottle-Neck (SBN) features – were recently shown to provide excellent performance in LVCSR systems. This paper summarizes several techniques investigated in our work towards Babel 2014 evaluations: (1) using several versions of fundamental frequency (F0) estimates, (2) semi-supervised training on un-transcribed data and mainly (3) adapting the NN structure at different levels. They are tested on three 2014 Babel languages with full GMM-and DNN-based systems. Separately and in combination, they are shown to out-perform the baselines and conﬁrm the usefulness of bottle-neck features in current ASR systems.
Combining technologies with the ECFS file system

In this paper we overview the existing technologies and services that could be used to offer an infrastructure of a specific distributed file system for e-learning platforms. We provide an analysis of the design considerations that are relevant for such services. Moreover, in the following report we provide a description of the environment that will be used to evaluate alternative designs. Finally, we propose a solution that can provide most of the required services.
MicroRNA Microarray Expression Profiling in Human Myocardial Infarction

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules, are negative regulators of gene expression. Recent studies have indicated their role in various forms of cardiovascular disease. In spite of the number of miRNA microarray analyses performed, little is known about the genome-wide miRNA expression pattern in human myocardial infarction (MI). Using miRNA microarrays and bioinformatic analysis, miRNA expression was analyzed on human MI and foetal hearts compared to healthy adult hearts, to determine whether there is any similar expression pattern between MI and foetal hearts, and to identified miRNAs that have not previously been described as dysregulated in cardiovascular diseases. Of 719 miRNAs analyzed, ∼ 50% were expressed in human hearts, 77 miRNAs were absent from all tested tissues and 57 were confidently dysregulated in at least one tested group. Some expression patterns appeared to be similar in MI and foetal hearts. Bioinformatic analysis revealed 10 miRNAs as dysregulated in MI not yet related to cardiovascular disease, and 5 miRNAs previously described only in animal models of cardiovascular diseases. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed dysregulation of 7 miRNAs, miR-150, miR-186, miR-210, miR-451, and muscle-specific, miR-1 and miR-133a/b; all of these are believed to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes.
Varieties without extra automorphisms~I: curves

For any field k and integer g ≥ 3, we exhibit a curve X over k of genus g such that X has no non-trivial automorphisms over k. 1. Statement of the result Let k be a field, and let p be its characteristic, which may be zero. All our curves are smooth, projective, and geometrically integral over k. If X is a curve over k, let AutX denote the group of automorphisms of X over k. Hurwitz stated that for any g ≥ 3, there exists a curve of genus g over C such that AutX = {1}, and a rigorous proof was provided by Baily [Ba]. The result was generalized to algebraically closed fields of arbitrary characteristic by Monsky [Mo], and a simpler proof of this generalization was given later in [Popp]. The literature also contains some explicit constructions of curves with AutX = {1}. Accola at the end of [Ac] observes that there exist triple branched covers X of P C of genus g ≥ 5 with AutX = {1}. Mednyh [Me] constructs some other examples analytically, as quotients of the complex unit disk. Turbek [Tu] constructs explicit families of examples of X with AutX = {1}, over algebraically closed fields k of characteristic p = 2, and g = (m− 1)(n− 1)/2 for some integers m, n with (m, n) = 1, n > m + 1 > 3, and p not dividing (m − 1)mn. He uses gap sequences at Weierstrass points to control automorphisms. Fix g ≥ 3, and let Mg,3K over Z denote the moduli space of curves equipped with a basis of the global sections of the third tensor power of the canonical bundle. Katz and Sarnak [KS, Lemma 10.6. 13] show that there is a open subset Ug of Mg,3K corresponding to the curves with trivial automorphism group. The result proved by Monsky and Popp above implies that Ug meets every geometric fiber of Mg,3K → Spec Z. This, together with the Lang-Weil method, can be used to show that there exists Ng > 0 such that for any field k with #k > Ng (in particular, any infinite field), there exists a curve X of genus g over k with AutX = {1} [KS, Remark 10.6. 24]. Our main result is that such curves exist even over small finite fields: Received November 29, 1999. Most of this research was done while the author was at Princeton University supported by an NSF Mathematical Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. The author is currently supported by NSF grant DMS-9801104, a Sloan Fellowship, and a Packard Fellowship.
Patterns of chemotherapy-associated toxicity and supportive care in US oncology practice: a nationwide prospective cohort study

Neutropenic complications remain an important dose‐limiting toxicity of cancer chemotherapy‐associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, and cost. Risk of the initial neutropenic event is greatest during the first cycle. The purpose of this study was to better understand timing of neutropenic events in relation to delivered chemotherapy dose intensity and utilization of supportive care during cancer treatment. A prospective cohort study of adult patients with solid tumors or lymphoma initiating chemotherapy was conducted at 115 randomly selected US practice sites between 2002 and 2006. Chemotherapy‐associated toxicities were captured in up to four treatment cycles including severe neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and infection. Documented interventions included colony‐stimulating factor (CSF), antibiotics use, and reductions in chemotherapy relative dose intensity (RDI). A total of 3638 patients with breast (39.7%), lung (23.7%), colorectal (13.6%), ovarian (8.3%) cancers, or lymphoma (14.7%) were eligible for this analysis. The majority of neutropenic and infection events occurred in the first cycle. A significant inverse relationship was observed between reductions in neutropenic and infectious events and increased utilization of measures to reduce these complications in subsequent cycles. More than 60% of patients with stage IV solid tumors underwent reductions in RDI. Patients with lymphoma and stage I–III solid tumors had less dose reductions while receiving more prophylactic CSFs. Approximately, 15% of patients received prophylactic antibiotics. While the risk of neutropenic complications remains greatest during the initial cycle of chemotherapy, subsequently instituted clinical measures in efforts to reduce the risk of these events vary with cancer type and stage.
Measurement of Creep Deformation across Welds in 316 H Stainless Steel Using Digital Image

Spatially resolved measurement of creep deformation across weldments at high temperature cannot be achieved using standard extensometry approaches. In this investigation, a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) based system has been developed for long-term high-temperature creep strain measurement in order to characterise the material deformation behaviour of separate regions of a multi-pass weld. The optical system was sufficiently stable to allow a sequence of photographs to be taken suitable for DIC analysis of creep specimens tested at a temperature of 545 °C for over 2000 h. The images were analysed to produce local creep deformation curves from two cross-weld samples cut from contrasting regions of a multi-pass V-groove weld joining thick-section AISI Type 316H austenitic stainless steel. It is shown that for this weld, the root pass is the weakest region of the structure in creep, most likely due to the large number of thermal cycles it has experienced during the fabrication process. The DIC based measurement method offers improved spatial resolution over conventional methods and greatly reduces the amount of material required for creep characterisation of weldments.
Oxylipin Diversity in the Diatom Family Leptocylindraceae Reveals DHA Derivatives in Marine Diatoms

Marine planktonic organisms, such as diatoms, are prospective sources of novel bioactive metabolites. Oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, generally referred to as oxylipins, in diatoms comprise a highly diverse and complex family of secondary metabolites. These molecules have recently been implicated in several biological processes including intra- and inter-cellular signaling as well as in defense against biotic stressors and grazers. Here, we analyze the production and diversity of C20 and C22 non-volatile oxylipins in five species of the family Leptocylindraceae, which constitute a basal clade in the diatom phylogeny. We report the presence of species-specific lipoxygenase activity and oxylipin patterns, providing the first demonstration of enzymatic production of docosahexaenoic acid derivatives in marine diatoms. The differences observed in lipoxygenase pathways among the species investigated broadly reflected the relationships observed with phylogenetic markers, thus providing functional support to the taxonomic diversity of the individual species.
Matrix and Tensor Based Methods for Missing Data Estimation in Large Traffic Networks

Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) gather information about traffic conditions by collecting data from a wide range of on-ground sensors. The collected data usually suffer from irregular spatial and temporal resolution. Consequently, missing data is a common problem faced by ITSs. In this paper, we consider the problem of missing data in large and diverse road networks. We propose various matrix and tensor based methods to estimate these missing values by extracting common traffic patterns in large road networks. To obtain these traffic patterns in the presence of missing data, we apply fixed-point continuation with approximate singular value decomposition, canonical polyadic decomposition, least squares, and variational Bayesian principal component analysis. For analysis, we consider different road networks, each of which is composed of around 1500 road segments. We evaluate the performance of these methods in terms of estimation accuracy, variance of the data set, and the bias imparted by these methods.
Generalization Error Estimation for Non-linear Learning Methods

Estimating the generalization error is one of the key ingredients of supervised learning since a good generalization error estimator can be used for model selection. An unbiased generalization error estimator called the subspace information criterion (SIC) is shown to be useful for model selection, but its range of application is limited to linear learning methods. In this paper, we extend SIC to be applicable to non-linear learning.
Fetch Size Adaptation vs . Stream Buffer for Media Benchmarks

ABSTRACT In urrent a he designs, a he size and line size are often xed and determined by the spatial and temporal lo ality of ben hmarks used to evaluate the targeted pro essors. Stream bu er and large fet h size are two te hniques that exploit spatial lo ality to hide memory laten y. In this paper, we ompare the e e tiveness of stream bu er and fet h size on media ben hmarks. We have presented a dynami predi tion me hanism for fet h size adaptation. Our results show that fet h size adaptation is as e e tive as stream bu er and both an improve the performan e of media ben hmarks by up to 10%. Due to its simple hardware design, fet h size adaptation is a viable alternative to stream bu er in hiding memory laten y.
How Many Electrodes Are Really Needed for EEG-Based Mobile Brain Imaging?

A noninvasive method for imaging the human brain during mobile activities could have far reaching benefits for studies of human motor control, for research and treatment of neurological disabilities, and for brain-controlled powered prosthetic limbs or orthoses. Several recent studies have demonstrated that electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to image the brain during locomotion provided that signal processing techniques, such as independent Component Analysis (ICA), are used to parse electrocortical activity from artifact contaminated EEG. However, these studies used high-density 256-channel EEG sensor arrays, which are likely too time-consuming to setup in a clinical or field setting. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how reducing the number of EEG channel signals affects the electrocortical source signals that can be parsed from EEG recorded during standing and walking while concurrently performing a visual oddball discrimination task. Specifically, we computed temporal and spatial correlations between electrocortical sources parsed from high-density EEG and electrocortical sources parsed from reduced-channel subsets of the original high-density EEG. For this task, our results indicate that on average an EEG montage with as few as 35 channels may be sufficient to record the two most dominate electrocortical sources (temporal and spatial R2 > 0.9). Correlations for additional electrocortical sources decreased linearly such that the least dominant sources extracted from the 35 channel dataset had temporal and spatial correlations of approximately 0.7. This suggests that for certain applications the number of EEG sensors used for mobile brain imaging could be vastly reduced, but researchers and clinicians must consider the expected distribution of relevant electrocortical sources when determining the number of EEG sensors necessary for a particular application.