Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser Thomson scattering system for anisotropic electron temperature measurement in NUMBER

A laser Thomson scattering system is developed to obtain anisotropic electron temperature in a pulse operated electron cyclotron resonance plasma device. Injecting a laser with an oblique angle to the external magnetic field and detecting scattering photon from a line of sight along another oblique angle enable us to obtain parallel and perpendicular components of electron temperature. Backward (165°) scattering spectrum corresponds to quasi perpendicular velocity distribution, while that for forward (15°) scattering; quasi parallel. Collecting lenses are set in vacuum to maximize solid angle in a limited space of port, where the laser path and collecting optics share an ICF152 flange. Rayleigh scattering intensity is measured as a function of argon gas pressure. An initial result on residual stray light intensity is equivalent to the argon Rayleigh scattering intensity under ≤ 1 kPa of filled pressure. In order to obtain Thomson scattering spectra, a notch filter type stray light rejection optics, which utilize a reflective type volume holographic grating, is evaluated. Notch width (0.2 nm) and flat transmittance (≥ 90%) outside the notch measured for a prototype show that it is an effective optics.
The Trust Level of Dairy Farmers in Dairy Cooperatives in Sleman District

When raising animals, cooperatives are a place for the welfare of dairy producers. Cooperatives run a number of programs to help their members get the most out of the resources generated by the animals they farm. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of trust dairy farmers have in the cooperatives in which they participate. A sample of 101 dairy farmers from the Sleman Regency’s Pakem and Cangkringan Subdistricts served as the basis for this study. A questionnaire tool that has undergone validity and reliability testing is used to collect the data in the form of primary data. Dairy farmers’ confidence in cooperatives was measured using PCA (Principal Component Analysis), and the results showed that trust in close friends in cooperatives is the key factor that may reduce other factors and explain 89.174% of the variance that happens.
Application of BAP and IBA for In Vitro Callus Formation of Biduri (Calotropis gigantea)

A herbaceous plant called biduri (Calotropis gigantea) is useful as a medicine. The leaves, roots, and flowers are just a few of the organs that contain secondary metabolites. A callus is an accumulation of secondary metabolite-producing amorphous cells. Through the induction of plant growth regulators, callus formation can be induced. The goal of the study was to find the BAP and IBA concentration that would promote callus formation in biduri. The initialstem segments of biduri, which were 1.5 months old and 2 cm long, were used as explants. A factorial design using two components and three repetitions of each was employed in a fully randomized design. BAP concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ppm) and IBA concentrations were the first and second factors, respectively (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ppm). The callus induction time, callus morphology (color and texture), and callus appearance percentage were the factors that were observed. The results demonstrated that a green, compact callus could be produced at a concentration of 4 ppm BAP and 1 ppm IBA. The proportion of callus manifestation rose and the callus induction time decreased with an increase in BAP concentration of up to 4 ppm.
Development of a Standard Framework for Road Weather Information System in China

A road weather information system (RWIS) integrates technologies on the collection, transmittal, modelling, and propagation of weather and road condition information. As the technology becomes more advanced, the need for implementing the RWIS in a manner that will benefit the safety of the travelling public becomes more important. Research on standard or specifications for RWIS have gradually warranted special recognition. Due to the lack of a unified framework to provide a blueprint of RWIS standard, the research on standard or specifications for RWIS can not be conducted effectively in different regions of China. This paper presents the crucial efforts made to develop the framework of road weather information systems (RWIS) standard in China.
Comparison non-linear growth models to reflect body weight and body measurements of pre-weaning Kejobong goat

This study aimed to compare two growth models that reflect body weight and body measurement of pre-weaning Kejobong goat. A total data records of 35 heads of Kejobong goat observed for 14 weeks in five variables were used in this study. Two non-linear growth models (Gompertz and Logistic model) were applied for analysis of growth to compare growth performance by Non-Linear Mixed Model. Result showed Gompertz models has smaller AIC, BIC and σ2e value than those Logistic models. The growth curve models based on Gompertz were: y = 23.94 exp (-1.43 exp−0.01764*age) for body weight; y = 61.72 exp (-0.5 exp–0.01805*age) for wither weight; y = 13.12 exp (-0.35 exp−0.026*age) for chest width; y = 55.72 exp (-0.50 exp −0.01805*age) for hip height and y = 52.30 exp (-0.50 exp-0.01805*age) for hearth girth. It conclude that Based AIC, BIC and σ2e value, Gompertz model is the most fitted growth model for reflecting body weight and body measurement of pre-weaning Kejobong goat than those Logistic model.
An X Chromosome Transcriptome Wide Association Study Implicates ARMCX6 in Alzheimer’s Disease

Background The X chromosome is often omitted in disease association studies despite containing thousands of genes which may provide insight into well-known sex differences in the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. Objective To model the expression of X chromosome genes and evaluate their impact on Alzheimer’s Disease risk in a sex-stratified manner. Methods Using elastic net, we evaluated multiple modeling strategies in a set of 175 whole blood samples and 126 brain cortex samples, with whole genome sequencing and RNA-seq data. SNPs (MAF>0.05) within the cis-regulatory window were used to train tissue-specific models of each gene. We apply the best models in both tissues to sex-stratified summary statistics from a meta-analysis of Alzheimer’s disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) studies to identify AD-related genes on the X chromosome. Results Across different model parameters, sample sex, and tissue types, we modeled the expression of 217 genes (95 genes in blood and 135 genes in brain cortex). The average model R2 was 0.12 (range from 0.03 to 0.34). We also compared sex-stratified and sex-combined models on the X chromosome. We further investigated genes that escaped X chromosome inactivation (XCI) to determine if their genetic regulation patterns were distinct. We found ten genes associated with AD at p < 0.05, with only ARMCX6 in female brain cortex (p = 0.008) nearing the significance threshold after adjusting for multiple testing (α = 0.002). Conclusions We optimized the expression prediction of X chromosome genes, applied these models to sex-stratified AD GWAS summary statistics, and identified one putative AD risk gene, ARMCX6.
Higher Bifidobacterium spp. fecal abundance is associated with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk markers among schoolchildren from Bahia, Brazil

The gut microbiome has recently been the subject of considerable scientific interest due to its essential bodily functions. Several factors can change the composition and function of the gut microbiome, and dietary habits are one of the most important contributors. Despite the recognition of the probiotic effects related to the genus Bifidobacterium spp. (BIF) studies aiming to assess its relationship with metabolic outcomes show conflicting results, particularly in the child population. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the fecal abundance of BIF in a group of schoolchildren from public schools in Bahia, Brazil, and to investigate their relationship with food consumption and laboratory and anthropometric characteristics. A sample of 190 subjects aged 5 to 19y was randomly selected for dietary, laboratory, and anthropometric assessment. Fecal BIF abundance assessment was performed using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay. Fecal BIF abundance was higher among subjects who had lower intakes of meat. The abundance of BIF was also higher among subjects with lower Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR). Low BIF abundance was associated with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia (PR 1.04, 95%CI 1.02–1.07, p = 0.001) and high WHtR (PR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1, 08, p = 0.015). These findings allow us to conclude that BIF fecal abundance is related to dietary and anthropometric parameters in schoolchildren, and its increase is associated with positive metabolic outcomes.
Translation and cultural adaptation of drug use stigma and HIV stigma measures among people who use drugs in Tanzania

Introduction People who use drugs (PWUD) experience stigma from multiple sources due to their drug use. HIV seroprevalence for PWUD in Tanzania is estimated to range from 18 to 25%. So, many PWUD will also experience HIV stigma. Both HIV and drug use stigma have negative health and social outcomes, it is therefore important to measure their magnitude and impact. However, no contextually and linguistically adapted measures are available to assess either HIV or drug use stigma among PWUD in Tanzania. In response, we translated and culturally adapted HIV and drug use stigma measures among Tanzanian PWUD and described that process in this study. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We translated and adapted existing validated stigma measures by following a modified version of Wild’s ten steps for translation and adaptation. We also added new items on stigmatizing actions that were not included in the original measures. Following translation and back translation, we conducted 40 cognitive debriefs among 19 PWUD living with and 21 PWUD not living with HIV in Dar es Salaam to assess comprehension of the original and new items. For challenging items, we made adaptations and repeated cognitive debriefs among ten new PWUD participants where half of them were living with HIV. Results Most of the original items (42/54, 78%), response options and all items with new 12 stigmatizing actions were understood by participants. Challenges included response options for a few items; translation to Swahili; and differences in participants’ interpretation of Swahili words. We made changes to these items and the final versions were understood by PWUD participants. Conclusion Drug use and HIV stigma measures can successfully be translated and culturally adapted among Tanzanian PWUD living with and without HIV. We are currently conducting research to determine the stigma measures’ psychometric properties and we will report the results separately.
The impact of sustainable public procurement on corporate ESG performance—The Chinese evidence

Public procurement is an important bridge between public demand and market supply and may affect corporate behavior. However, in the advocacy of sustainable development, the extant research has rarely combined sustainable public procurement (SPP) with corporate ESG performance, to explore whether governments have contributed to the development of sustainable corporate performance through their sustainable procurement activities. This paper fills in the gap by matching the actual implementation of SPP of 42,369 projects in China over 2015~2020 with 20,125 corporate ESG performance data, to analyze the relationship between SPP implementation and corporate ESG performance. The results show that the implementation of SPP has a significant positive impact on corporate ESG performance. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact is stronger in China’s eastern and central regions than in other regions, and corporates at a mature stage are more likely to follow the government sustainable behavior. In addition, the implementation of SPP has a long-term effect on corporate ESG performance. The above findings have important policy implications: firstly, there is a better role for government to play as the “invisible hand”, to participate in the market economy; Specifically, SPP policy should be added to government policy tool box to improve corporate ESG performance in addition to disclosure requirement, and the SPP policy employed should in particular attend to the “missing sectors” of sustainability in SPP for the good of corporate ESG; secondly, the government should implement differentiated policies tailored to the region’s economic development conditions and corporate development characteristics; thirdly, a long-term evaluation mechanism should be established so that the government can play a more long-term demonstration and leading role.
Classifying the non-metabolic demands of different physical activity types: The Physical Activity Demand (PAD) typology

Different physical activity types vary in metabolic demand (intensity), but also in non-metabolic physical demand (balance, co-ordination, speed and flexibility), cognitive demand (attention, memory and decision making), and social demand (social interaction). Activity types with different combinations of demands may have different effects on health outcomes but this cannot be formally tested until such demands can be reliably quantified. The present Delphi expert consensus study aimed to objectively quantify the cognitive, physical and social demands of different core physical activity types and use these scores to create a formal Physical Activity Demand (PAD) typology. International experts (n = 40; experts in cognitive science, psychology, sports science and physiology; 7 different nationalities; 18 male/22 female; M = 13.75 years of disciplinary experience) systematically rated the intrinsic cognitive, physical and social demands of 61 common activity types over 2-rounds of a modified Delphi (expert consensus) study. Consensus (>70% agreement) was reached after 2 rounds on the demands of 59/61 activity types. Cognitive, physical and social demand scores were combined to create an overall non-metabolic demand rating for each activity type, and two-step cluster-analysis was used to identify groups of activities with comparable demand profiles. Three distinct clusters of activities were identified representing activity types with low (n = 12 activities; e.g. domestic cleaning), moderate (n = 23 activities; e.g. tai-chi) and high (n = 24 activities; e.g. football) total non-metabolic demands. These activity types were then organised into a formal typology. This typology can now be used to test hypotheses about if and why physical activity types with different combinations of cognitive, physical and social demands affect health outcomes in different ways.
Developmental estrogen exposure in mice disrupts uterine epithelial cell differentiation and causes adenocarcinoma via Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling

Tissue development entails genetically programmed differentiation of immature cell types to mature, fully differentiated cells. Exposure during development to non-mutagenic environmental factors can contribute to cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. We used a mouse model of endometrial adenocarcinoma that results from brief developmental exposure to an estrogenic chemical, diethylstilbestrol (DES), to determine causative factors. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and spatial transcriptomics of adult control uteri revealed novel markers of uterine epithelial stem cells (EpSCs), identified distinct luminal and glandular progenitor cell (PC) populations, and defined glandular and luminal epithelium (LE) cell differentiation trajectories. Neonatal DES exposure disrupted uterine epithelial cell differentiation, resulting in a failure to generate an EpSC population or distinguishable glandular and luminal progenitors or mature cells. Instead, the DES-exposed epithelial cells were characterized by a single proliferating PC population and widespread activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The underlying endometrial stromal cells had dramatic increases in inflammatory signaling pathways and oxidative stress. Together, these changes activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT serine-threonine kinase signaling and malignant transformation of cells that were marked by phospho-AKT and the cancer-associated protein olfactomedin 4. Here, we defined a mechanistic pathway from developmental exposure to an endocrine disrupting chemical to the development of adult-onset cancer. These findings provide an explanation for how human cancers, which are often associated with abnormal activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, could result from exposure to environmental insults during development.
Pulmonary hypertension in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A clinical review

Abstract Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder characterized by recurrent spontaneous epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasias, and solid organ arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an increasingly recognized complication in patients with HHT, most often precipitated by high‐output heart failure in the presence of hepatic AVMs as well as pulmonary arterial hypertension in the form of a proliferative vasculopathy. The presence of PH in patients with HHT is associated with significant elevations in rates of morbidity and mortality. Additionally, there is growing recognition of a thromboembolic propensity in this population that increases the risk of chronic thromboembolic PH, posing unique clinical considerations regarding the use of anticoagulation. Patients with HHT are also at risk of PH due to disorders commonly seen in the general population, including left‐sided heart and lung disease. The etiology of PH in HHT is multifaceted and complex; the diagnostic approach and treatment strategies must consider the underlying pathophysiology of HHT. This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge of PH in HHT, detailing the pathogenesis of known etiologies, diagnostic evaluation, and suggested treatment modalities as well as emerging therapies that may be of future interest.
Decision making in clinical trials: Interim analyses, innovative design, and biomarkers

The efficient and accurate execution of clinical trials testing novel treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a critical component of the field's collective efforts to develop effective disease‐modifying treatments for AD. The lengthy and heterogeneous nature of clinical progression in AD contributes to the challenges inherent in demonstrating a clinically meaningful benefit of any potential new AD therapy. The failure of many large and expensive clinical trials to date has prompted a focus on optimizing all aspects of decision making, to not only expedite the development of new treatments, but also maximize the value of the information that each clinical trial yields, so that all future clinical trials (including those that are negative) will contribute toward advancing the field. To address this important topic the Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable convened December 1–2, 2020. The goals focused around identifying new directions and actionable steps to enhance clinical trial decision making in planned future studies.
Toxicant Responses and Culturing Characteristics of Long‐Term Laboratory‐Reared and Field Populations of Ceriodaphnia dubia

Ceriodaphnia dubia is a standardized test organism for regulatory toxicity testing of surface waters and commercial chemicals because of its simplicity to culture and responsiveness to toxicants. For testing convenience, C. dubia is often cultured for extended periods in the laboratory with little knowledge of the impact on subsequent generations. Extended laboratory rearing could impact how they respond to stressors and decrease the accuracy of test results. The present study investigated if C. dubia cultured for an extended period were representative of three recently collected field populations by comparing their culturing characteristics and sensitivities to toxicants. For culturing characteristics, the field cultures were more challenging because they had shorter body lengths, fewer neonates, and higher mortality rates than the laboratory culture. Comparative chronic toxicity tests with sodium chloride and the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam indicated that the laboratory and field organisms did not differ much in their toxicological responses but did differ in the variability of responses (percentage of coefficient of variation). The differences between the laboratory and field cultures found in the present study highlight the challenges of addressing discrepancies between laboratory and field applications in existing standardized methodologies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:159–169. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Dissection of action mechanisms of Zuogui Pill in the treatment of liver cancer based on machine learning and network pharmacology: A review

This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of Zuogui Pill in its efficacy against liver cancer, employing a combination of data mining approaches and network pharmacology methods. A novel clustering analysis algorithm was proposed to identify the core gene modules of Zuogui Pill. This algorithm successfully identified 5 core modules, with the first large module comprised of twelve proteins forming a 12-clique, representing the strongest connections among them. By utilizing GEO platform, ten key target proteins were detected, including FOS, PTGS2, and MYC. According to the GO annotation and KEGG analysis, desired target proteins were significantly enriched in various biological processes (BP). The analysis showed that ten key targets were strongly associated with signaling pathways mainly centered on MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathway. Additionally, molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between core active ingredients of Zuogui Pill and these key targets, and the best affinity modes were observed for PTGS2-Sesamin, PRKCA-Sesamin, FOS-delta-Carotene. In order to establish the relationships between clinical symptoms and drug targets, a heterogeneous targets-related network was constructed. A total of 60 key target-symptom association pairs were detected, exemplified by the strongly association between fever and PTGS2 through the intermediary of Shu Di Huang. In summary, symptom-target associations are valuable in uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms of Zuogui Pill. Our work reinforced the notion that Zuogui pill exhibits therapeutic potential on liver cancer through network targets, as well as synergistic effects of multi-component and multi-pathway. This study provided specific references for future experiments at the cost of less time.