Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Resistance Training in Individuals with Lower Limb Amputation: A Systematic Review

Individuals with lower-limb amputations may have a significant strength deficit. This deficit may be related to the stump length and can lead to changes in gait, reduced energy efficiency, walking resistance, altered joint load, and increased risk of osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain. This systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines to examine the effects of resistance training in lower limb amputees. Interventions with resistance training and other training methods were sufficient to achieve muscle strength gain in muscles of the lower limbs, improved balance, and improvements in gait pattern and speed when walking. However, it was impossible to determine from the results whether resistance training was mainly responsible for these benefits or even whether the positive effects presented would be observed with only this training method. When combined with other exercises, interventions with resistance training made possible gains for this population. Accordingly, it is noteworthy that the main finding of this systematic review is that the effects may be different according to the level of amputation, with mainly transtibial and transfemoral amputations studied.
Dynamical interactions in a multi-bubble cloud

Results of studies on the dynamics of clouds of bubbles via both an analytical technique using asymptotic expansions, and via numerical simulation using a three-dimensional boudary element technique (BEM) are reported. The asymptotic method relies on the assumption that the characteristic bubble size is much smaller than the characteristic inter-bubble distance. Result obtained from the two methods are compared, and are found to agree in the domain of validity of the asymptotic technique, which is for very low void fractions
The Pattern of Social Parasitism in Maculinea teleius Butterfly Is Driven by the Size and Spatial Distribution of the Host Ant Nests

Simple Summary Maculinea butterflies are endangered social parasites of Myrmica ants. In late summer, caterpillars abandon their foodplants and wait for a Myrmica worker to retrieve and carry them into the nest. Here the caterpillars spend 11 months consuming the ant brood or being fed by workers; then they pupate early in summer, and in one month the adults emerge. Our study aimed to assess the spatial relationship between nests parasitized by Maculinea teleius and those unparasitized and the factors influencing the parasite presence inside host nests. We searched for Ma. teleius caterpillars in ant nests in autumn, during the initial larval development, and in the following late spring. Unsurprisingly, we found a substantial decrease in the proportion of parasitized nests from autumn to late spring. The biggest Myrmica nests adopted a higher number of parasites, but mid-size nests provided the best trade-off between competition and resource availability, leading to high parasite survival observed in spring. The spatial distribution of parasitized nests in autumn was uniform, while the colonies in which Ma. teleius survived until pupation were grouped. Overall, our results suggest that host colonies’ features and spatial relationships should be considered when trying to preserve these rare butterflies. Abstract The parasitic relationship between Maculinea butterflies and Myrmica ants has been extensively studied but little information is available on the spatial occurrence of Maculinea larvae. We searched for the presence of Maculinea teleius in 211 ant nests at two sites in two crucial phases of its life cycle, i.e., in autumn, during the initial larval development, and in the following late spring, before pupation. We assessed variations in the proportion of infested nests and factors correlated with spatial distributions of parasites in Myrmica colonies. The parasitism rate in autumn was very high (∼50% of infestation rate) but decreased in the following spring. The most important factor explaining parasite occurrence in both seasons was the nest size. Further factors, such as the presence of other parasites, the Myrmica species or the site, concurred to explain the differential survival of Ma. teleius until the final development. Irrespective of the host nest distribution, the parasite distribution changed from even in autumn to clumped in late spring. Our work showed that the survival of Ma. teleius is correlated with colony features but also with the nest spatial distribution, which therefore should be taken into consideration in conservation strategies aiming at preserving these endangered species.
Physics at high energies and the dynamics of the universe. A study of inflation and dark energy

ESTUDIO DE LA DEPENDENCIA CON LA ESCALA DEL ESPECTRO DE PERTURBACIONES PRIMORDIALES, ANALISIS DE MODELOS INFLACIONARIOS BASADOS EN CORRECCIONES RADIATIVAS A DIRECCIONES PLANAS Y EN OPERADORES NO RENORMALIZABLES. ESTUDIO DE ESTOS MODELOS USANDO DATOS COSMOLOGICOS. %&/ANALISIS DEL EFECTO DE LAS FLUCTUACIONES DE ENERGIA OSCURA EN LAS PERTURBACIONES DE MATERIA OSCURA. POTENCIALIDAD DE ESTOS EFECTOS PARA DISCRIMINAR ENTRE DIFERENTES TEORIAS DE LA ACELERACION DEL UNIVERSO Y OBTENER INFORMACION SOBRE LAS PROPIEDADES DE LA ENERGIA OSCURA.
How Does Diurnal and Nocturnal Warming Affect the Freezing Resistance of Antarctic Vascular Plants?

The Antarctic Peninsula has rapidly warmed up in past decades, and global warming has exhibited an asymmetric trend; therefore, it is interesting to understand whether nocturnal or diurnal warming is the most relevant for plant cold deacclimation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diurnal and nocturnal warming on Antarctic vascular plant’s freezing resistance under laboratory conditions. This was studied by measuring the lethal temperature for 50% of tissue (LT50), ice nucleation temperature (INT), and freezing point (FP) on Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis plants. Additionally, soluble carbohydrates content and dehydrin levels were analyzed during nocturnal and diurnal temperatures increase. Nocturnal warming led to a 7 °C increase in the LT50 of D. antarctica and reduced dehydrin-like peptide expression. Meanwhile, C. quitensis warmed plants reduce their LT50 to about 3.6 °C. Both species reduce their sucrose content by more than 28% in warming treatments. Therefore, nocturnal warming leads to cold deacclimation in both plant species, while C. quitensis plants are also cold-deacclimated upon warm days. This suggests that even when the remaining freezing resistance of both species allows them to tolerate summer freezing events, C. quitensis can reach its boundaries of freezing vulnerability in the near future if warming in the Antarctic Peninsula progress.
Recovering the spectral distribution of the illumination from spectral data by highlight analysis

The problem of color constancy for discounting illumination color to obtain the apparent color of the object has been the topic of much research in computer vision. By assuming the neutral interface reflection and dichromatic reflection with highlights (i.e. highlights have the same color as the illuminant) various methods have been proposed aiming at recovering the illuminant color from color highlight analysis. In general, these methods are based on three color stimuli to approximate color. In this contribution, we estimate the spectral distribution from surface reflection using spectral information obtained by a spectrograph. The imaging spectrograph provides a spectral range at each pixel covering the visible wavelength range. Our method differ from existing methods by using a robust clustering technique to obtain the body and surface components in a multi-spectral space. These components determine the direction of the illumination spectral color. Then, we recover the illumination spectral power distribution by using principal component analysis for all wavelengths. To obtain the most reliable estimate of the spectral power distribution of the illuminant, all possible combinations of wavelengths are used to generate the optimal averaged estimation of the spectral power distribution of the scene illuminant. Our method is restricted to images containing a substantial amount of body reflection and highlights.
Analyzing the Role of Service Congestion in Accessibility Modeling

An important variable in measuring potential access is the competitive nature of the service being provided. Health services such as physician visits or hospital beds are often viewed as rival goods where one’s consumption of a service will diminish another’s ability to consume the same service. Congestion at facilities is as important as the overall level of supply at facilities. For rival goods, accessibility and congestion are linked as reciprocal concepts. The relationship between accessibility and congestion is even more important in the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic because critical care services, such as the need for intensive care unit beds, illustrate the need to focus on a balanced level of congestion among hospitals to prevent care failure at the local level. This research investigates the role of service congestion in various existing and proposed models and measures using data from the state of Illinois. Because evenness of service congestion and lower travel times are conflicting goals, evenness of congestion as measured by Gini coefficients is weighed against the cost of travel to determine a compromise solution. Results suggest that the rational agent access model and the congested supply accessibility model provide such compromises when used in conjunction with the transportation problem.
Exact and Numerical Analysis of the Pantograph Delay Differential Equation via the Homotopy Perturbation Method

The delay differential equations are of great importance in real-life phenomena. A special type of these equations is the Pantograph delay differential equation. Generally, solving a delay differential equation is a challenge, especially when the complexity of the delay terms increases. In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method is proposed to solve the Pantograph delay differential equation via two different canonical forms; thus, two types of closed-form solutions are determined. The first gives the standard power series solution while the second introduces the exponential function solution. It is declared that the current solution agrees with the corresponding ones in the literature in special cases. In addition, the properties of the solution are provided. Furthermore, the results are numerically validated through performing several comparisons with the available exact solutions. Moreover, the calculated residuals tend to zero, even in a huge domain, which reflects the high accuracy of the current analysis. The obtained results reveal the effectiveness and efficiency of the current analysis which can be further extended to other types of delay equations.
Socioeconomic, Behavioural, and Social Health Correlates of Optimism and Pessimism in Older Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Optimism is a disposition characterised by positive future expectancies, while pessimism is characterised by expecting the worst. High optimism and low pessimism promote the health of older adults and may potentiate full engagement in life. We identified socioeconomic, behavioural, and social factors associated with optimism and pessimism in older adults. Methods: Participants included 10,146 community-dwelling, apparently healthy Australian adults aged 70 years and over from the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP). Optimism and pessimism were measured using the revised Life Orientation Test. Cross-sectional ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the socioeconomic, behavioural, and social health factors associated with optimism and pessimism. Results: Higher education, greater physical activity, lower loneliness, and volunteering were associated with higher optimism and lower pessimism. Low social support was associated with higher pessimism. Higher socioeconomic advantage, greater income, and living alone were associated with lower pessimism. Women were more optimistic and less pessimistic than men. The association of age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption with optimism and pessimism differed for men and women. Conclusions: Factors associated with higher optimism and lower pessimism were also those demonstrated to support healthy ageing. Health-promotion action at the individual level (e.g., smoking cessation or regular physical activity), health professional level (e.g., social prescribing or improving access and quality of care for all older adults), and community level (e.g., opportunities for volunteer work or low-cost social activities for older adults) may improve optimism and reduce pessimism, possibly also promoting healthy ageing.
Altered Faecal Microbiota Composition and Structure of Ghanaian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a disease of global public health importance. Recent studies show that children with AGE have an altered gut microbiota relative to non-AGE controls. Yet, how the gut microbiota differs in Ghanaian children with and without AGE remains unclear. Here, we explore the 16S rRNA gene-based faecal microbiota profiles of Ghanaian children five years of age and younger, comprising 57 AGE cases and 50 healthy controls. We found that AGE cases were associated with lower microbial diversity and altered microbial sequence profiles relative to the controls. The faecal microbiota of AGE cases was enriched for disease-associated bacterial genera, including Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus. In contrast, the faecal microbiota of controls was enriched for potentially beneficial genera, including Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides. Lastly, distinct microbial correlation network characteristics were observed between AGE cases and controls, thereby supporting broad differences in faecal microbiota structure. Altogether, we show that the faecal microbiota of Ghanaian children with AGE differ from controls and are enriched for bacterial genera increasingly associated with diseases.
Cross-validation and the estimation of probability distributions with categorical data

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating a joint distribution that is defined over a set of discrete variables. We use a smoothing kernel estimator to estimate the joint distribution. We allow for the case in which some of the discrete variables are uniformly distributed, and explicitly address the vector-valued smoothing parameter case due to its practical relevance. We show that the cross-validated smoothing parameters differ in their asymptotic behavior depending on whether a variable is uniformly distributed or not. We also discuss the mixed discrete and continuous variable case. Simulations show that the proposed estimator performs much better than the commonly used frequency estimator.
Wideband Circularly Polarized Millimeter Wave Hemispherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna

A novel approach is proposed to design a circularly polarized (CP) hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth by incorporating an additional dielectric substrate between the antenna and the ground plane. This is in addition to the lower feeding substrate that is located between the ground plane on one side and the feeding microstrip line on the other side. Adding another substrate on top of the ground plane provided an additional degree of freedom in the design that facilitated the achievement of ab 18% AR bandwidth. In addition, an integrated hemispherical DRA and perforated substrate configuration was utilized to achieve optimum effective substrate permittivity and overcome the DRA alignment and assembly challenges while maintaining the achieved wide CP bandwidth. A close agreement was achieved between measurements and simulations.
The aim and method of the color image scale

A Color Image Scale was devised by the use of an original color-projection technique, analysis of variance, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and the semantic differential method. On this scale every color has three attributes: warm or cool, soft or hard, and clear or grayish, which correlate with the notation hue, value, and chroma. The Color Image Scale is useful for describing the similar and contrasting images of colors. The scale also allows the classification and correlation of various objects (shapes, patterns, clothing, foods, etc.) and the study of personal preferences in these and other areas.
Bifree objects in e-varieties of strict orthodox semigroups and the lattice of strict orthodox *-semigroup varieties

For regular semigroups, the appropriate analogue of the concept of a variety seems to be that of an e(xistence)-variety, developed by Hall [6,7,8]. A class V of regular semigroups is an e-variety if it is closed under taking direct products, regular subsemigroups and homomorphic images. For orthodox semigroups, this concept has been introduced under the term “bivariety” by Kaďourek and Szendrei [12]. Hall showed that the collection of all e-varieties of regular semigroups forms a complete lattice under inclusion. Further, he proved a Birkhoff-type theorem: each e-variety is determined by a set of identities. For e-varieties of orthodox semigroups a similar result has been proved by Kaďourek and Szendrei. At variance with the case of varieties, prima facie the free objects in general do not exist for e-varieties. For instance, there is no free regular or free orthodox semigroup. This seems to be true for most of the naturally appearing e-varieties (except for cases of e-varieties which coincide with varieties of unary semigroups such as the classes of all inverse and completely regular semigroups, respectively). This is true if the underlying concept of free objects is denned as usual. Kaďourek and Szendrei adopted the definition of a free object according to e-varieties of orthodox semigroups by taking into account generalized inverses in an appropriate way. They called such semigroups bifree objects. These semigroups satisfy the properties one intuitively expects from the “most general members” of a given class of semigroups. In particular, each semigroup in the given class is a homomorphic image of a bifree object, provided the bifree objects exist on sets of any cardinality. Concerning existence, Kaďourek and Szendrei were able to prove that in any class of orthodox semigroups which is closed under taking direct products and regular subsemigroups, all bifree objects exist and are unique up to isomorphism. Further, similar to the case of varieties, there is an order inverting bijection between the fully invariant congruences on the bifree orthodox semigroup on an infinite set and the e-varieties of orthodox semigroups. Recently, Y. T. Yeh [22] has shown that suitable analogues to free objects exist in an e-variety V of regular semigroups if and only if all members of V are either E-solid or locally inverse.
Multiplexing schemes for quantum repeater networks

When built, quantum repeaters will allow the distribution of entangled quantum states across large distances, playing a vital part in many proposed quantum technologies. Enabling multiple users to connect through the same network will be key to their real-world deployment. Previous work on repeater technologies has focussed only on simple entanglment production, without considering the issues of resource scarcity and competition that necessarily arise in a network setting. In this paper we simulated a thirteen-node network with up to five flows sharing different parts of the network, measuring the total throughput and fairness for each case. Our results suggest that the Internet-like approach of statistical multiplexing use of a congested link gives the highest aggregate throughput. Time division multiplexing and buffer space multiplexing were slightly less effective, but all three schemes allow the sum of multiple flows to substantially exceed that of any one flow, improving over circuit switching by taking advantage of resources that are forced to remain idle in circuit switching. All three schemes proved to have excellent fairness. The high performance, fairness and simplicity of implementation support a recommendation of statistical multiplexing for shared quantum repeater networks.
GaAs Injection Laser with Novel Mode Control and Switching Properties

The effects of nonuniform current densities on the properties of GaAs injection lasers are investigated. The structure studied is an injection laser with a channel etched on the p side of the junction parallel to the reflecting ends. It is found that the threshold current is higher for nonuniform currents than for uniform currents. The mode in which the laser oscillates depends on the distribution of current. A simple model of the transition and the energy vs density of states for the semiconductor is presented to explain these effects. Bistable operation of the structure has been observed.
Magnetocentrifugally driven flows from young stars and disks. 3: Numerical solution of the sub-Alfvenic region

We construct steady, axisymmetric, numerical models of the sub-Alfvenic regions of cool winds driven by the X-celerator mechanism. We find that smooth acceleration to speeds of the order of the escape speed accompanied by substantial collimation of the flow can be achieved within the Alfven surface, located characteristically at several stellar radii. We apply the nondimensional results to winds which emerge from the equator of magnetized YSOs rotating at breakup and from circumstellar disks interacting with the magnetospheres of slowly rotating T Tauri stars. Stellar magnetic fields of kilogauss strength can drive wind mass-loss rates of 10(exp -6) solar mass/year from rapidly accreting YSOs and 10(exp -8) solar mass/year from slowly accreting T Tauri stars. The X-celerator mechanism can accelerate winds from these systems to velocities of hundreds of km/sec within a few stellar radii in the case of embedded YSOs and approximately 10 stellar radii in the case of T Tauri stars.
New algorithms for the multidimensional discrete Fourier transform

We exhibit new algorithms for DFT(p; k), the discrete Fourier transform on a k-dimensional data set with p points along each array, where p is a prime. At a cost of additions only, these algorithms compute DFT(p; k) with (pk- 1)/(p - 1) distinct DFT(p; 1) computations.