Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnobiological research and ethnographic challenges in the “ecological era”

Local knowledge and the ecological practices have been important matters in the study of the ways that people make places and feel the world. Nowadays, in the “ecological era,” this subject gained new prominence. However, different dynamics emerge that, in some way, can seem epistemologically ambiguous. Ethnobiological studies, heirs of linguistic and cognitive anthropology, are permeable to deductive logics and etic approaches. The ethnoecological paradigm is associated with the rhetoric of “indigenous rights” and is politically situated. The applied ethnobiological surveys are engaged in global nature conservation programs and in intangible cultural heritage safeguarding initiatives, but also in community development projects. Therefore, we can consider the ethical and political dimensions of research relationships and the relevance of ethnographic approaches in contemporary ecological research. Taking data from different contexts and focusing in personal fieldwork experiences, some of these theoretical and methodological challenges are outlined and the ethnobiological construction of how people make the places is discussed.
Ethical issues in the use of electronic health records for pharmacy medicines sales

Purpose – Pharmacy sales of over‐the‐counter medicines in the UK represent an economically significant and important mechanism by which customers self‐medicate. Sales are supervised in pharmacies, but this paper seeks to question whether patients' electronic health records (EHRs) – due to be introduced nationally – could be used, ethically, by pharmacists to ensure safe medicines sales.Design/methodology/approach – Using theoretical arguments, three areas of ethical concern are identified and explored in relation to pharmacists' access to EHRs‐consequentialsim, analogies and confidentiality/privacy.Findings – Consequentialist arguments include positive benefits to customer's welfare and control of medicine of abuse, but negative economic healthcare burdens and consequences due to potentially increased or paradoxically, decreased presentation of patients to doctors. Socially accepted analogous practices – credit checks, existing pharmacy access to information and hospital treatment – are then argued to be .
A Survey on Deep Packet Inspection for Intrusion Detection Systems

Deep packet inspection is widely recognized as a powerful way which is used for intrusion detection systems for inspecting, deterring and deflecting malicious attacks over the network. Fundamentally, almost intrusion detection systems have the ability to search through packets and identify contents that match with known attacks. In this paper, we survey the deep packet inspection implementations techniques, research challenges and algorithms. Finally, we provide a comparison between the different applied systems.
Effects of Marital Conflict on Adolescent Children

Abstract In this study, the issue of whether adolescents coming from families with high marital conflict display any differences when compared to the adolescents belonging to families with low marital conflict is examined in detail. Comparison between the two groups is implemented within the framework of the dimensions related with the parenting styles the adolescents perceive and the adult attachment styles they display, the degree of support they feel they get from their environment, as well as the intensity of their problematic behaviour and the degree of their self-esteem. When the findings of the study are analysed with regard to the dimensions comprising parenting styles and adult attachment styles, it is seen that adolescents coming from families with high marital conflict perceive less acceptance and responsiveness from their parents and develop more fearful attachment styles in comparison to those coming from families of low marital conflict. Findings from the study also show that adolescents coming from families with high marital conflict feel that they get less social support from their parents, from discussed in light of the related literature.
Towards feasibility in arithmetic via linear logic

In this work-in-progress we intend to extend the scope of linear logic to first-order theories, i.e. with nonlogical axioms and inference rules, in particular for fragments of arithmetic. The aim is to use the restrictions on contraction in substructural logics to model resource usage in an interpretation of first-order proofs, e.g. via realisability/Dialectica interpretations or via proof-theoretic means, such as the witness function method. At the same time, we would like to draw parallels between substructural approaches to implicit computational complexity and bounded arithmetic, by linking structural restrictions in the former to quantifier restrictions in the latter.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND THE COST OF DEBT FINANCING (BORROWING) AT LISTED COMPANIES IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE

The main purpose of this study is the relationship between corporate governance and borrowing cost of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. To study this main purpose, we developed four sub-goal for this research. The population of this study are the companies that accepted at Tehran stock exchange since 2008, we have selected 76 companies as sample. The sampling method of this study is probability - simple random sampling. In order to analyze the data resulted from collected from Institutional ownership (x1), Ownership concentration (x2), Nonbound executives (x3) and CEO duality tasks (x4) are used. Deductive and descriptive statistical methods. The results Durbin Watson Test shows the test distribution is Normal. So we can use Multi Regression to test the hypothesis of the research. Findings show the ownership concentration, percentage of institutional ownership, percentage of non-bound executives and CEO duality tasks variables have an impact on the cost of debt financing (borrowing) at listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. There is a significant relationship between corporate governance and the cost of debt financing (borrowing) at listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Keyword: ownership concentration, institutional ownership, non-bound executives, CEO duality tasks, cost of debt financing
New method for treatment of inferior vena cava tumor thrombus – case study

Conventional surgical therapy for advanced renal venous tumor thrombi results in high morbidity, so there is a need for less invasive techniques. This report presents the first case of a successful inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus removal without complications with balloon catheter (BC) via internal jugular vein (IJV), called the venous tumor thrombus pushing with balloon catheter (VTTP BC). Under the control of transesophageal echocardiogram and fluoroscope, a balloon catheter was sleeved on the guide wire, which was already inserted into the right internal jugular vein (IJV) and was driven distally above the IVC tumor thrombus. The balloon was inflated to occlude the IVC for prevention of pulmonary embolization. After the occlusion, the guide wire was driven to the cavotomy and was opened at the ostium of the right renal vein. It was pulled at both ends and stretched to serve as a rail. The balloon was gently pushed toward the cavotomy and the thrombectomy was completed. This is a less invasive method for treatment of venous tumor thrombus level 3 that can reduce surgical time, blood loss, and complication rates compared to the existing surgical methods. Also, it can be performed without thoracotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermic circulatory arrest, and liver mobilization.
Correlation between Stereoanomaly and Perceived Depth When Disparity and Motion Interact in Binocular Matching

The aim of this study was to find out to what extent binocular matching is facilitated by motion when stereoanomalous and normal subjects estimate the perceived depth of a 3-D stimulus containing excessive matching candidates. Thirty subjects viewed stimuli that consisted of bars uniformly distributed inside a volume. They judged the perceived depth-to-width ratio of the volume by adjusting the aspect ratio of an outline rectangle (a metrical 3-D task). Although there were large inter-subject differences in the depth perceived, the experimental results yielded a good correlation with stereoanomaly (the inability to distinguish disparities of different magnitudes and/or signs in part of the disparity spectrum). The results cannot be explained solely by depth-cue combination. Since up to 30% of the population is stereo-anomalous, stereoscopic experiments would yield more informative results if subjects were first characterized with regard to their stereo capacities. Intriguingly, it was found that motion does not help to define disparities in subjects who are able to perceive depth-from-disparity in half of the disparity spectrum. These stereoanomalous subjects were found to rely completely on the motion signals. This suggests that the perception of volumetric depth in subjects with normal stereoscopic vision requires the joint processing of crossed and uncrossed disparities.
Nerve infiltration by benign biliary glands – a diagnostic dilemma

Perineural and intraneural infiltration is most often considered a diagnostic feature of malignancy but has been demonstrated in benign entities in a variety of organs. This brief report describes benign glands apparently infiltrating nerves around bile ducts in a resected extra-hepatic biliary tree performed on a background of recurrent cholangitis and prior cholecystectomy. To our knowledge, benign glands infiltrating nerves within bile ducts has not been reported outside of the setting of end stage primary sclerosing cholangitis where one example has been described. We identify several features which support the benign nature of this process including bland cytomorphology, identical appearance to adjacent glands and an exuberant neural rather than glandular proliferation supporting the probability of a reactive neural proliferation akin to traumatic neuroma. We propose a pathogenesis that is somewhat analogous to traumatic neuroma of the biliary tree which, despite its rarity, is a documented complication of cholecystectomy, comprising a reactive proliferation of nerve tissue in response to injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Differential outcome to middle cerebral artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive stroke‐prone rats (SHRSP) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats.

Evidence was found for different outcomes to middle cerebral artery occlusion in the young genetically hypertensive stroke-prone rat (SHRSP) compared to sham operated controls and the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). Qualitatively and quantitatively different gross lesions marked by Evans blue-albumin, cortical atrophy, large areas of strikingly altered cortical histology, postoperative survival and motor behavioral deficits differentiate young SHRSP from sham operated controls and the normotensive WKY. We conclude that the limited focal lesion observed in normotensive and sham operated rats is primarily due to surgical trauma of exposing the vessel and passing the ligature deep to it. The grossly larger and qualitatively different lesion in the SHRSP is the result of an inadequate circulation provided by the dorsal cerebral arterial collaterals. Since the 5–6 week old SHRSP were only mildly hypertensive (systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg), the inadequate collateral circulation appears to be related to either a genetic or acquired problem rather than being secondary to a vascular lesion of chronic hypertension.
String Theory, Quantum Phase Transitions, and the Emergent Fermi Liquid

String Theory and Condensed Matter The complex interactions involving highly correlated electron systems can give rise to “exotic behavior” in electronic systems, such as quantum criticality and superconductivity. The usual theoretical tools, however, are limited when describing these states. String theory is a highly mathematical approach initially developed to describe gravity and high-energy particle physics. Certain aspects of string theory may be relevant to describe condensed matter systems. Čubrović et al. (p. 439; published online 25 June) take one such approach, and show that the characteristic properties of a Fermi liquid can emerge from string theory. The formulation may provide an approach to describing the exotic states of matter that arise in condensed matter systems. Mathematical methods developed in string theory to describe gravity are applied to complex condensed matter systems. A central problem in quantum condensed matter physics is the critical theory governing the zero-temperature quantum phase transition between strongly renormalized Fermi liquids as found in heavy fermion intermetallics and possibly in high–critical temperature superconductors. We found that the mathematics of string theory is capable of describing such fermionic quantum critical states. Using the anti–de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence to relate fermionic quantum critical fields to a gravitational problem, we computed the spectral functions of fermions in the field theory. By increasing the fermion density away from the relativistic quantum critical point, a state emerges with all the features of the Fermi liquid.
Biomarkers for Autism and for Gastrointestinal and Sleep Problems in Autism

Abstract : The nighttime and daytime excretions of melatonin sulfate were not significantly different between typically developing (TD) toddlers and toddlers with autism spectrum disorders(ASDs). Sleep and gastrointestinal(GI)problems were not associated with lower melatonin excretion in TD or ASD toddlers and to a large extent these problems occurred at similar rates in the TD and ASD groups. The expected day-night differences in melatonin sulfate excretion, and in norepinephrine and epinephrine excretion, were seen in both groups. Thus, the lower melatonin production reported for older children with ASD does not appear to occur in toddlers with ASD.
A study of support vectors on model independent example selection

As databases for real-world problems increase in size, there is a need in many situations to select and keep relevant training data for efficient storage and processing reasons. Support vector machines (SVMs) reportedly exhibit certain desirable properties in selecting and preserving useful training data as support vectors. This paper attempts to quantify the extent to which SVM training behaves like a model independent example selection procedure. Using several common machine-learning training databases, we compare the prediction results obtained by different classifiers, trained with data selected by SVMs and by two other example selection methods (IB2 and random sampling). Some interesting observations are made with explanations.
The Recycling of ERGIC-53 in the Early Secretory Pathway

Further investigation of the targeting of the intracellular membrane lectin endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment-53 (ERGIC-53) by site-directed mutagenesis revealed that its lumenal and transmembrane domains together confer ER retention. In addition we show that the cytoplasmic domain is required for exit from the ER indicating that ERGIC-53 carries an ER-exit determinant. Two phenylalanines at the C terminus are essential for ER-exit. Thus, ERGIC-53 contains determinants for ER retention as well as anterograde transport which, in conjunction with a dilysine ER retrieval signal, control the continuous recycling of ERGIC-53 in the early secretory pathway. In vitro binding studies revealed a specific phenylalanine-dependent interaction between an ERGIC-53 cytosolic tail peptide and the COPII coat component Sec23p. These results suggest that the ER-exit of ERGIC-53 is mediated by direct interaction of its cytosolic tail with the Sec23p·Sec24p complex of COPII and that protein sorting at the level of the ER occurs by a mechanism similar to receptor-mediated endocytosis or Golgi to ER retrograde transport.
Some Australian Children's Perceptions of Physical Punishment in Childhood

Despite ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children remain the only people in Australia against whom violence may be justified as discipline. This article presents findings from qualitative research conducted in the State of Victoria, in which children were invited to contextualise incidents of physical punishment by describing the experience from different standpoints and reflecting on the feelings and motivations of victims and perpetrators. The research provides new insights into children's experiences of childhood 'discipline', as children reveal the physical and emotional impact of being hit by a parent, the futility of 'physical punishment', parents' confusing reactions and children's awareness of double standards. Children suggest more positive ways to communicate and to resolve conflict, and provide insightful comments that have the potential to enlighten adults' thinking about the issue.
Effect of stretch on the isolated cat sinoatrial node.

CHANDLER McC. BROOKS. Effect of stretch on the, isolated cat sinoatrial node. Am. J. Physiol. 211(5): I Ig2---II& Ig66.Nodal tissue was removed from the cat heart under ether anesthesia and perfused in a specially constructed chamber with oxygenated Tyrode solution. Responses of the sinoatrial node cells of the cat heart to stretch were investigated by the use of floating microelectrodes to record activity in isolated nodal preparations. Stretch of the tissue accelerated the discharge rate and reduced cellular resting potential. Release of stretch gave the opposite effect. Within limits greater magnitudes of stretch caused greater responses. In some quiescent nodal cells, initiation of spontaneous discharge was induced by stretch. This propagated activity developed following a progressive reduction of resting potential and the appearance of subthreshold oscillations of the membrane potential subsequent to stretch. Restoration of a regular rate from an irregular rhythm was also seen. Atropine, neostigmine, and epinephrine had no significant effect but the acceleration response to stretch was suppressed somewhat by dichloroisoproterenol and augmented by cocaine. Perfusion with Tyrode solution containing potassium ion in +50 or -50 yO normal concentration did not greatly affect the degree of response although low Kf tended to delay the acceleration whereas high K+ gave the opposite effect. An increase in permeability to sodium was thought to be involved in the stretch-produced acceleration of pacemaker action.
Mutation Profiling in Cholangiocarcinoma: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications

Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is clinically heterogeneous; intra and extrahepatic CCA have diverse clinical presentations. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology may identify the genetic differences between these entities and identify molecular subgroups for targeted therapeutics. Methods We describe successful NGS-based testing of 75 CCA patients along with the prognostic and therapeutic implications of findings. Mutation profiling was performed using either a) NGS panel of hotspot regions in 46 cancer-related genes using a 318-chip on Ion PGM Sequencer or b) Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform for 3,769 exons of 236 cancer-related genes plus 47 introns from 19 genes to an average depth of 1000X. Clinical data was abstracted and correlated with clinical outcome. Patients with targetable mutations were referred to appropriate clinical trials. Results There were significant differences between intrahepatic (n = 55) and extrahepatic CCA (n = 20) in regard to the nature and frequency of the genetic aberrations (GAs). IDH1 and DNA repair gene alterations occurred more frequently in intrahepatic CCA, while ERBB2 GAs occurred in the extrahepatic group. Commonly occurring GAs in intrahepatic CCA were TP53 (35%), KRAS (24%), ARID1A (20%), IDH1 (18%), MCL1 (16%) and PBRM1 (11%). Most frequent GAs in extrahepatic CCA (n = 20) were TP53 (45%), KRAS (40%), ERBB2 (25%), SMAD4 (25%), FBXW7 (15%) and CDKN2A (15%). In intrahepatic CCA, KRAS, TP53 or MAPK/mTOR GAs were significantly associated with a worse prognosis while FGFR GAs correlated with a relatively indolent disease course. IDH1 GAs did not have any prognostic significance. GAs in the chromatin modulating genes, BAP1 and PBRM1 were associated with bone metastases and worse survival in extrahepatic CCA. Radiologic responses and clinical benefit was noted with EGFR, FGFR, C-met, B-RAF and MEK inhibitors. Conclusion There are significant genetic differences between intra and extrahepatic CCA. NGS can potentially identify disease subsets with distinct prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Parallel Repetition of Prover-Verifier Quantum Interactions

In this thesis, we answer several questions about the behaviour of prover-verifier interactions under parallel repetition when quantum information is allowed, and the verifier acts independently in them. We first consider the case in which a value is associated with each of the possible outcomes of an interaction. We prove that it is not possible for the prover to improve on the optimum average value per repetition by repeating the protocol multiple times in parallel. We look then at games in which the outcomes are classified into two types, winning outcomes and losing outcomes. We ask what is the optimal probability for the prover of winning at least k times out of n parallel repetitions, given that the optimal probability of winning when only one repetition is considered is $p$. A reasonable conjecture for the answer would be \sum_{m \geq k} {n \choose m} p^m (1-p)^{n-m}, as that is the answer when it is optimal for the prover to act independently. This is known to be the correct answer when k=n, and also in the classical case. It is also correct in some generalizations of the classical case that we will discuss later. We will show how this cannot be extended to all cases, presenting an example of an interaction with k=1,n=2 in which p\approx 0.85, but it is possible to always win at least once. We will then give some upper bounds on the optimal probability for the prover of winning k times out of n parallel repetitions. These bounds are expressed as a function of p. Finally, we will connect our results to the study of error reduction for quantum interactive proofs using parallel repetition.