Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Creation of specific flow-based training data sets for usage behaviour classification

The majority of security methods for computer networks rely on well-known signatures for detecting malware and attacks. Consequently these methods often fail to detect novel or obfuscated attacks in monitoring data. Usage behaviour classification and anomaly detection seem to be promising approaches to address these problems. In this context, the development of sophisticated classifiers allowing to sift monitored data caused by harmless behaviour patterns can greatly improve the results of downstream anomaly detection methods. The former rely on a valid ground truth, defining harmless usage behaviour sufficiently. Recognising behaviour patterns also may facilitate the detection of insider threats, if single employees behave not as expected. We propose a workflow enabling us to create labeled flow-based data sets containing information about real usage behaviour. Within this workflow, real humans use virtual machines to work on specific tasks and simultaneously log their activities. In addition, the virtual machines log processes inducing network connections. Both logs are then used to attach labels to the monitoring data, to enrich it with information about the corresponding usage behaviour. We describe the process with an example scenario of an adapted computer pool of our university. Finally, the resulting data set is briefly discussed.
Hybrid modelling using neuro fractal for fractured reservoirs

Due to geological reasons, fractured reservoirs are extremely heterogeneous. Modelling of these reservoirs has so far been considered complex and progress is still inadequate. This paper presents a novel and hybrid method to model discrete fracture networks in naturally fractured reservoirs. It involves investigation and systematic integration of tasks spanning cross-disciplinary areas: geological, statistical and artificial intelligence characterisation of natural fractures, rock and fracture mechanics. This paper also evaluates applications of fractal mathematics on characterising natural fracture distributions, especially discrete multifractal dimensions. A case study illustrates that discrete multifractal dimensions are greatly more suitable for such complex systems as natural fractures, compared to the commonly used single-fractal and statistical distributions.
On the Minimization of the Instantaneous Temperature for Periodic Real-Time Tasks ∗

While there is a tradeoff between the energy consumption and the satisfaction of task deadlines, the management of the processor temperature is of paramount important to the survival of the processor and the reduction of packing cost. This paper explores the scheduling of periodic real-time tasks with temperatureaware considerations in a uniprocessor or homogeneous multiprocessor environment. By modeling the cooling process approximately according to Fourier’s Law, a 2.719-approximation algorithm is shown for the minimization of the maximum temperature for processors with continuous processor speeds. When the processor is with discrete speeds only, we extend the 2.719approximation algorithm to manage the voltage/speed transition so that the maximum temperature can be minimized. For homogeneous multiprocessor systems, we show that the largest-taskfirst strategy has a 3.072-approximation bound in the minimization of the maximum temperature when all of the processors are on a chip. When each processor is on a chip, the approximation bound in the minimization of the maximum temperature is 6.444. When jobs might complete earlier than their worst-case estimation, dynamic scheduling is further explored to reduce the maximum temperature.
The Use of Generic Simulink Modules to Simulate Indoor Propagation Modes

There is a significant amount of research into the area of wireless communication in both the Indoor and Outdoor scenarios. One of the problems for small cells caused by many localised obstacles between and around the wireless communications components which reflect, scatter and diffract the wireless signal is the known phenomenon of multi-path. Currently, there are very few publicly available simulations that cater for this type of simulation. A project undertaken as a postgraduate thesis in 2002 attempted to develop a simulation using basic Simulink modules to create a block which would provide the ability to simulate different environments for simple indoor scenarios. More elaborate simulation packages exist, such as SIRCIM (Rappaport and Seidel) and SMRCIM (Huang) from the USA, but these typically cost thousands of dollars to purchase. This project was started with the concept of having freely available modules that are tested and known and can be used by others in the research and teaching community to test out different communication technologies. This paper outlines the initial stages of this longer term project, providing its current limitations and future possibilities for planned extensions and focuses only on the indoor modules developed.
Oxygen Sensing in Health and Disease Regulation of oxygen sensing by ion channels

López-Barneo, Jose ́, Raquel del Toro, Konstantin L. Levitsky, Marı́ a D. Chiara, and Patricia Ortega-Sáenz. Regulation of oxygen sensing by ion channels.J Appl Physiol96: 1187–1195, 2004; 10.1152/japplphysiol.00929. 2003. —O 2 sensing is of critical importance for cell survival and adaptation of living organisms to changing environments or physiological conditions. O 2-sensitive ion channels are major effectors of the cellular responses to hypoxia. These channels are preferentially found in excitable neurosecretory cells (glomus cells of the carotid body, cells in the neuroepithelial bodies of the lung, and neonatal adrenal chromaffin cells), which mediate fast cardiorespiratory adjustments to hypoxia. O 2sensitive channels are also expressed in the pulmonary and systemic arterial smooth muscle cells where they participate in the vasomotor responses to low O 2 tension (particularly in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction). The mechanisms underlying O2 sensing and how the O 2 sensors interact with the ion channels remain unknown. Recent advances in the field give different support to the various current hypotheses. Besides the participation of ion channels in acute O 2 sensing, they also contribute to the gene program developed under chronic hypoxia. Gene expression of T-type calcium channels is upregulated by hypoxia through the same hypoxiainducible factor-dependent signaling pathway utilized by the classical O 2-regulated genes. Alteration of acute or chronic O 2 sensing by ion channels could participate in the pathophysiology of human diseases, such as sudden infant death syndrome or primary pulmonary hypertension.
Single channel fetal ECG recovery using sparse redundant representations

A novel approach to fetal ECG signal recovery using a single abdominal record is proposed. Following transforming the original ECG waveform into a 2D array, we apply an image denoising procedure based on sparse representations over overcomplete dictionaries obtained by the K-SVD algorithm. A modified version of this algorithm using an L1-norm fidelity term is shown to improve the performances over the classical L2-norm approach. Experimental results indicate that the quality of the recovered fetal ECG signals is comparable to those employing multi-channel recordings and Independent Components Analysis or adaptive filtering algorithms.
Anomaly Detection using Scan Statistics on Time Series Hypergraphs

We present a theory of scan statistics on hypergraphs and apply the methodology to a time series of email data. This approach is of interest because a hypergraph is better suited to email data than a graph. This is due to the fact that a hypergraph can contain all the recipients of a message in a single hyperedge rather than treating each recipient separately in a graph. The result shows that scan statistics on hypergraphs can detect certain anomalies that are not apparent by using scan statistics on graphs. We will discuss our methodology in detail and provide an example of anomaly detection using this technique on a time series of Enron email data.
Different mechanisms in the tumorigenesis of proximal and distal colon cancers

Environment or genetic constitutions can lead to an increase of genetic or epigenetic events and increase the risk for malignancy. Genomic instability is seen in most types of malignancies. Two forms of genetic instability have been described in colorectal cancer: chromosomal instability (CIN), and microsatellite instability (MIN). Almost all sporadic MIN tumors occur in the proximal colon, whereas most sporadic CIN tumors are distributed in the distal colon. The two familial syndromes, familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome, constitute models for the different carcinogenic mechanisms in CIN and MIN tumors, respectively. This article reviews the principal differences between CIN and MIN tumors, evidence for a proximal and distal route in carcinogenesis, gender differences, and aspects of methylation in CIN and MIN colorectal tumorigenesis.
Antimycobacterial Activities of Endolysins Derived From a Mycobacteriophage, BTCU-1

The high incidence of Mycobacterium infection, notably multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis infection, has become a significant public health concern worldwide. In this study, we isolate and analyze a mycobacteriophage, BTCU-1, and a foundational study was performed to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of BTCU-1 and its cloned lytic endolysins. Using Mycobacterium smegmatis as host, a mycobacteriophage, BTCU-1, was isolated from soil in eastern Taiwan. The electron microscopy images revealed that BTCU-1 displayed morphology resembling the Siphoviridae family. In the genome of BTCU-1, two putative lytic genes, BTCU-1_ORF7 and BTCU-1_ORF8 (termed lysA and lysB, respectively), were identified, and further subcloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. When applied exogenously, both LysA and LysB were active against M. smegmatis tested. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that LysA and LysB caused a remarkable modification of the cell shape of M. smegmatis. Intracellular bactericidal activity assay showed that treatment of M. smegmatis—infected RAW 264.7 macrophages with LysA or LysB resulted in a significant reduction in the number of viable intracellular bacilli. These results indicate that the endolysins derived from BTCU-1 have antimycobacterial activity, and suggest that they are good candidates for therapeutic/disinfectant agents to control mycobacterial infections.
Interactive tandem networks and the sequential learning problem

This paper presents a novel connectionist architecture to handle the "sensitivity-stability" problem and, in particular, an extreme manifestation of the problem, catastrophic interference. This architecture, called an interactive tandem-network (ITN) architecture, consists of two continually interacting networks, one — the LTM network — dynamically storing "prototypes" of the patterns learned, the other — the STM network — being responsible for "short-term" learning of new patterns. Prototypes stored in the LTM network influence hidden-layer representations in the STM network and, conversely, newly learned representations in the STM network gradually modify the more stable LTM prototypes. As prototypes are learned by the LTM network, they are dynamically constrained to maximize mutual orthogonality. This system of tandem networks performs particularly well on the problem of catastrophic interference. It also produces "long-term" representations that are stable in the face of new input and "short-term" representations that remain sensitive to new input. Justification for this type of architecture is similar to that given recently by McClelland, McNaughton, & O'Reilly (1994) in arguing for the necessary complementarity of the hippocampal (short-term memory) and neocortical (longterm memory) systems.
Strategic Manipulation of Internet Opinion Forums: Implications for Consumers and Firms

There is growing evidence that consumers are influenced by Internet-based opinion forums before making a variety of purchase decisions. Firms whose products are being discussed in such forums are therefore tempted to manipulate consumer perceptions by posting costly anonymous messages that praise their products. This paper offers a theoretical analysis of the impact of such behavior on firm profits and consumer surplus. There are three main results. First, if every firm's manipulation strategy is a monotonically increasing (decreasing) function of that firm's true quality, strategic manipulation of online forums increases (decreases) the information value of a forum to consumers. This result implies the existence of settings where online forum manipulation benefits consumers. Second, equilibria where strategies are monotonically increasing (decreasing) functions of a firm's true quality exist in settings where the firm's net payoff function, inclusive of the cost of manipulation, is supermodular (submodular) in the firm's quality and manipulation action. Third, in a broad class of settings, if the precision of honest consumer opinions that firms manipulate is sufficiently high, firms of all types, as well as society, would be strictly better off if manipulation of online forums was not possible. Nonetheless, firms are locked into a “rat race” and forced to spend resources on such profit-reducing activities; if they don't, consumer perceptions will be biased against them. The social cost of online manipulation can be reduced by developing “filtering” technologies that make it costlier for firms to manipulate. Interestingly, as the amount of user-contributed online content increases, it is firms, and not consumers, that have most to gain from the development of such technologies.
Cattle Sex-Specific Recombination and Genetic Control from a Large Pedigree Analysis

Meiotic recombination is an essential biological process that generates genetic diversity and ensures proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. From a large USDA dairy cattle pedigree with over half a million genotyped animals, we extracted 186,927 three-generation families, identified over 8.5 million maternal and paternal recombination events, and constructed sex-specific recombination maps for 59,309 autosomal SNPs. The recombination map spans for 25.5 Morgans in males and 23.2 Morgans in females, for a total studied region of 2,516 Mb (986 kb/cM in males and 1,085 kb/cM in females). The male map is 10% longer than the female map and the sex difference is most pronounced in the subtelomeric regions. We identified 1,792 male and 1,885 female putative recombination hotspots, with 720 hotspots shared between sexes. These hotspots encompass 3% of the genome but account for 25% of the genome-wide recombination events in both sexes. During the past forty years, males showed a decreasing trend in recombination rate that coincided with the artificial selection for milk production. Sex-specific GWAS analyses identified PRDM9 and CPLX1 to have significant effects on genome-wide recombination rate in both sexes. Two novel loci, NEK9 and REC114, were associated with recombination rate in both sexes, whereas three loci, MSH4, SMC3 and CEP55, affected recombination rate in females only. Among the multiple PRDM9 paralogues on the bovine genome, our GWAS of recombination hotspot usage together with linkage analysis identified the PRDM9 paralogue on chromosome 1 to be associated in the U.S. Holstein data. Given the largest sample size ever reported for such studies, our results reveal new insights into the understanding of cattle and mammalian recombination.
Fault tolerant topologies of five-level active neutral-point-clamped converters

This paper proposed the fault tolerant topologies (FTTs) of five-level active neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) converters. In the proposed approaches, the traditional 5L-ANPC converters are modified by adding a low count of low-cost components and are operated with the proposed control and modulation schemes. Simulation results show that the proposed 5L-ANPC FTTs can achieve fault tolerant operation under device open or short failure conditions, while generate the same maximum modulation index and the rated output power as normal operation. The proposed concept improves the reliability and availability of the 5L-ANPC converter systems.
Corneal Transplantation: The Forgotten Graft

The most commonly performed transplant is that of the cornea, with 2292 corneal grafts performed in the UK in 2002–03, compared with 1775 renal transplants [ 1]. In the USA approximately 40 000 transplants are performed every year [ 2]. However this preponderance is not reflected in the amount of attention given to this transplanted tissue by the scientific community: for example up till now there have been no papers published in the American Journal of Transplantation that have cornea as a key or title word (as determined by a Medline search in December 2003). There are several reasons for this. The first is that corneal grafting is the province of ophthalmologists, who (with notable exceptions) are isolated from the transplant community. The second is that there is a widespread belief that, because of the existence of immune privilege, corneal grafts are not rejected and so there is no need for further research. As we will discuss later, this is incorrect. In this article we will seek to show that study of corneal transplantation is important in its own right, and also that it has lessons for those interested in other forms of allograft.
Combining direct and model-based perceptual information through schema theory

Coupling sensor information directly to action has been a successful design approach for robot systems that operate in a real-world environment. A problem with using sensor information directly is that what is "perceived" sometimes does not capture the correct aspects of the operating environment for decision making. We term this type of problem the false-positive problem, and present an approach that addresses this phenomenon: combine model-based perceptual information with direct sensory measurements. A robot control system was implemented and experiments were conducted to show how this approach overcomes some examples of false-positive problems.
On the Efficiency of Nominal GDP Targeting in a Large Open Economy

Since 2007 there have been increasing calls to abandon a regime of Stabilizing Infl ation (SI) in favor of Nominal GDP (NGDP) targeting. One argument in favor of NGDP targeting is that it allows infl ation to redistribute resources among bond holders efficiently. Here we examine this claim in a large open monetary economy and show that, in contrast to SI, NGDP targeting is in fact (Pareto) efficient in a world with stochastic real uncertainty, and in the absence of complete insurance markets (only nominally risk free bonds are available). However this result is ultimately fragile and breaks down once we attempt to deviate from the simplistic setting necessary for the result to hold.
A phase I study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus oral S-1 for resectable pancreatic cancer

The aim of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and the recommended dose (RD) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with gemcitabine (GEM) plus oral S-1 in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Thirteen patients with radiologically proven resectable pancreatic cancer were included in this study. S-1 was administered orally for 14 consecutive days, and GEM was administered on days 8 and 15 for two pre-operative cycles. The dose of S-1 in this study was planned with fixed doses of GEM (1,000 mg/m2): 20, 30 and 40 mg/day for levels 0, 1 and 2, respectively. Treatment was initiated at level 1 in 3 patients, while adverse events occurred in 2 patients during the second course, leading to a dose reduction to level 0 for the 8 remaining patients. Two of the 10 patients enrolled at level 0 were excluded. Of the remaining 8 patients, GEM administration was terminated due to DLT on day 15, during the first course in 3 patients, while level 0 dosage reached MTD. Surgery was performed for the remaining 11 patients included in the study. Post-operative complications included pancreatic fistulas in 5 patients and Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in 1 patient. Two of the 11 patients exhibited a partial response and 9 patients stable disease. Eight of the 11 tumor specimens showed histopathological evidence of tumor cell injury. In conclusion, NAC with GEM and S-1 was not well-tolerated in this study. However, pre-operative chemotherapy may be effective against pancreatic cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider NAC regimens for pancreatic cancer.
Query sensitive comparative summarization of search results using concept based segmentation

Query sensitive summarization aims at providing the users with the summary of the contents of single or multiple web pages based on the search query. This paper proposes a novel idea of generating a comparative summary from a set of URLs from the search result. User selects a set of web page links from the search result produced by search engine. Comparative summary of these selected web sites is generated. This method makes use of HTML DOM tree structure of these web pages. HTML documents are segmented into set of concept blocks. Sentence score of each concept block is computed with respect to the query and feature keywords. The important sentences from the concept blocks of different web pages are extracted to compose the comparative summary on the fly. This system reduces the time and effort required for the user to browse various web sites to compare the information. The comparative summary of the contents would help the users in quick decision making.
A study of tunneling assisted charge exchange on the inner interface of high-k dielectric stacks

The tunneling assisted charge exchange on the inner interface of high dielectric constant (high-k) dielectric stacks has been studied. The charging and discharching of traps existing at the HfO2/SiNx interlayer increase the transient capacitance amplitude, and so deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements provide overestimated interfacial state density (Dit) values. This effect is quite important for very thin silicon nitride layers. The analysis of our experimental data allowed us to propose a physical model of the inner interface behavior.
Characterization and Quantification of Mouse Mannan‐Binding Lectins (MBL‐A and MBL‐C) and Study of Acute Phase Responses

Rat monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against mouse mannan‐binding lectin (MBL)‐A and MBL‐C were generated and assays for MBL‐A and MBL‐C were constructed. This allowed for the quantitative analysis of both proteins for the first time. Previously only MBL‐A has been quantified using less standardized methods. In a mouse serum pool the concentrations were now determined at 7.5 µg MBL‐A and 45 µg MBL‐C per ml. On gel permeation chromatography of mouse serum, MBL‐A eluted corresponding to a Mr of 850 kDa whereas the majority of MBL‐C eluted corresponding to a Mr of 950 kDa. On sucrose density gradient centrifugation the sedimentation velocities of MBL‐A and MBL‐C were estimated at 7.3 S and 10.8 S, respectively. The MBL‐A and MBL‐C levels in 10 laboratory mice strains were compared and found to vary between 4 µg/ml to 12 µg/ml, and 16 µg/ml to 118 µg/ml, respectively. After the induction of acute phase responses by intraperitoneal injection of either casein or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), MBL‐A was found to increase approximately two‐fold, with a maximum after 32 h, while MBL‐C did not increase significantly. In comparison, serum amyloid A component (SAA) peaked at 15 h with an approximate 100‐fold increase.