Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A likelihood‐based sensitivity analysis for publication bias in meta‐analysis

Summary. A common conjecture in the study of publication bias is that studies reporting a significant result are more likely to be selected for review than studies whose results are inconclusive. We envisage a population of studies following the standard random‐effects model of meta‐analysis, and a selection probability given by a function of the study's ‘t‐statistic’. In practice it is difficult to estimate this function, and hence difficult to estimate its associated bias correction. The paper suggests the more modest aim of a sensitivity analysis in which the treatment effect is estimated by maximum likelihood constrained by given values of the marginal probability of selection. This gives a graphical summary of how the inference from a meta‐analysis changes as we allow for increasing selection (as the marginal selection probability decreases from 1), with an associated diagnostic plot comparing the observed treatment effects with their fitted values implied by the corresponding selection model. The approach is motivated by a medical example in which the highly significant result of a published meta‐analysis was subsequently overturned by the results of a large‐scale clinical trial.
Testing for causality in the presence of leading variables

This paper provides useful guidelines to practitioners who investigate causality-in-mean and/or causality-in-variance within a system of more than two variables by means of the two-step procedure proposed by Cheung and Ng (Journal of Econometrics, 1996) and modified by Hong (Journal of Econometrics, 2001). Specifically, this study highlights cases that can mislead the researcher into reporting false causal relations among the variables under scrutiny. The results of Monte Carlo simulations reveal the seriousness of the problem.
On the existence of initial data containing isolated black holes

We present a general construction of initial data for Einstein’s equations containing an arbitrary number of black holes, each of which is instantaneously in equilibrium. Each black hole is taken to be a marginally trapped surface and plays the role of the inner boundary of the Cauchy surface. The black hole is taken to be instantaneously isolated if its outgoing null rays are shear-free. Starting from the choice of a conformal metric and the freely specifiable part of the extrinsic curvature in the bulk, we give a prescription for choosing the shape of the inner boundaries and the boundary conditions that must be imposed there. We show rigorously that with these choices, the resulting non-linear elliptic system always admits solutions. PACS numbers: 04.80. Nn, 04.30. Db, 95.55. Ym, 07.05. Kf I. INTRODUCTION In this paper we consider the problem of specifying quasi-equilibrium multi-black hole initial data for the vacuum Einstein equations. This problem is important as a starting point for the numerical simulations of binary black hole spacetimes. The initial data should be such that the black holes are in equilibrium with time independent horizon geometries. Furthermore, the entire geometry of the spatial slice should, in an appropriate sense, be in quasi-equilibrium with minimal spurious radiation content. If both these criteria are satisfied, and if the black holes are in a roughly circular orbit around each other, we could reasonably expect the calculated
A FRAMEWORK TO INTEGRATE BIM WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING-BASED PROPERTY VALUATION METHODS

Abstract. Property valuation is of extreme importance since variations in the real estate market enormously influence people’s life. The main goal of Automated Valuation Models (AVMs) is to calculate the market value of a large number of properties with an acceptable accuracy. The Hedonic Price Model (HPM) is the most widely used AVM for the valuation purposes. Despite its simplicity, ease of use and straightforwardness, HPM lacks the capability to address the non-linear relationships between different value-related factors. Hence, researchers have developed other state-of-the-art property valuation methods based on the advancements in computer science including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), computer vision and deep learning. Design, development, and validation of such advanced AVMs require establishment of a database including data on the different influential factors. Two types of factors are used in the literature, including textual and visual features. Reliable data sources are required for the implementation of AVMs since the accuracy of the provided valuations is definitely linked to the reliability of the used real estate databases. Building Information Modelling (BIM) provides precise information on different components of properties. Although some scholars have tried to use BIM for property valuation, BIM benefits in different valuation procedures have not been fully investigated. Hence, this paper provides a framework that consider BIM capabilities to be integrated with different stages and processes in property valuation, especially in relation to advanced AVMs based on AI and ML.
Orbiter-orbiter and orbiter-lander tracking using same-beam interferometry

Two spacecraft orbiting Mars will subtend a small angle as viewed from Earth. This angle will usually be smaller than the beam width of a single radio antenna. Thus the two spacecraft may be tracked simultaneously by a single Earth-based antenna. The same-beam interferometry (SBI) technique involves using two widely separated antennas, each observing the two spacecraft, to produce a measurement of the angular separation of the two spacecraft in the plane of the sky. The information content of SBI data is thus complementary to the line-of-sight information provided by conventional Doppler data. The inclusion of SBI data with the Doppler data in a joint orbit estimation procedure can desensitize the solution to gravity mismodeling and result in improved orbit determination accuracy. This article presents an overview of the SBI technique, a measurement error analysis, and an error covariance analysis of some examples of the application of SBI to orbit determination. For hypothetical scenarios involving the Mars Observer and the Russian Mars '94 spacecraft, orbit determination accuracy improvements of up to an order of magnitude are predicted, relative to the accuracy that can be obtained by using only Doppler data acquired separately from each spacecraft. Relative tracking between a Mars orbiter and a lander fixed on the surface of Mars is also studied. Results indicate that the lander location may be determined to a few meters, while the orbiter ephemeris may be determined with accuracy similar to the orbiter-orbiter case.
Early Stage Finding of an Immune-Enhanced Genetic Subtype of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Related with T-Cell Depletion

Background Molecular categorization of lung cancer in medical care is becoming increasingly important on a regular basis. One of the molecular classifications of NSCLC (early-stage NSCLC) supports that tumors of different biological varieties differ in terms of their genomes and clinical characteristics. Methods Based on published immune cell signatures and early-stage NSCLC gene expression data including cancer genome maps, we used consensus cluster analysis to identify immune molecular subtypes associated with early-stage NSCLC expression subtypes. These subtypes were correlated with early-stage NSCLC expression subtypes. Next, applying a wide range of statistical techniques, we evaluated the link between molecular subtypes and clinical features, immunological microenvironment, and immunotherapy reactivity. Molecular subtypes were defined as a classification of cancerous cells. Results Multiple RNAseq cross-platform datasets of immune genes were used to identify two molecular subtypes (C1 and C2) of NSCLC, with C1 showing a more favorable prognosis than C2. The results were validated on the CSE datasets. In terms of clinical characteristics, C2 subtype samples with a worse prognosis showed a more advanced tumor stage and higher mortality. C2 showed immuno-infiltrative characteristics but had depletion of T-cells. Biological functions such as EMT were enriched on C2. A low TIDE score in C1 indicated that C1 samples could benefit from taking immunotherapy. C2 were more susceptible to standard chemotherapeutic treatments such paclitaxel, cisplatin, sorafenib, crizotinib, and erlotinib. Conclusion According to our findings, early-stage NSCLC patients may benefit from receiving treatment with immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Tensor space-time coding for MIMO wireless communication systems = : Codificação tensorial espaço-temporal para sistemas de comunicação sem fio MIMO

Desde o crescente sucesso de sistemas moveis na decada de 90, novas tecnologias sem fio tem sido desenvolvidas a fim de suportar a crescente demanda de servicos de multimidia de alta qualidade e ainda flexivel para implantar novos servicos com baixas taxas de erro. Uma forma interessante de melhorar o desempenho de erro e de obter melhores taxas de transmissao consiste em combinar o emprego de varias diversidades com tecnicas de multiplo acesso no contexto de sistemas MIMO. A incorporacao de operacoes de sobreamostragem, espalhamento e multiplexacao, e diversidades adicionais em sistemas sem fio levam a sinais recebidos multidimensionais que, naturalmente, satisfazem modelos tensoriais. Esta tese propoe uma nova abordagem tensorial baseada em uma codificacao tensorial espaco-temporal (TST) para sistemas de comunicacao sem fio MIMO. Os sinais recebidos por multiplas antenas formam um tensor de quarta ordem que satisfaz um novo modelo tensorial, referido como PARATUCK-(2,4). A analise de desempenho e realizada para o sistema proposto TST e um recente sistema espaco-tempo-frequencial (STF), a qual permite derivar expressoes para o ganho maximo de diversidade atraves de um canal com desvanecimento plano. Propoe-se um sistema de transmissao baseado em codificacao TST com recursos de alocacao de antenas para sistemas MIMO com multiplos usuarios. Uma nova decomposicao tensorial e introduzida, denominada PARATUCK-(N1,N), e esta generaliza o modelo padrao PARATUCK-2 e nosso modelo PARATUCK-(2,4). A presente tese estabelece as condicoes de unicidade para o modelo PARATUCK-(N1,N). A partir desses resultados, a estimativa conjunta do simbolo e canal e assegurada para os sistemas TST e STF. Os receptores semi-cegos propostos para os dois sistemas baseiam-se no algoritmo do tipo minimos quadrados alternados ("Alternanting Least Squares", ALS) e no metodo de otimizacao Levenberg-Marquardt (LM). Um receptor baseado na estrutura do produto de Kronecker, denominado "Kronecker Least Squares" (KLS), tambem e proposto para ambos os sistemas. Resultados de simulacoes sao apresentados para ilustrar a eficiencia dos receptores propostos em termos de recuperacao de simbolo e a velocidade de convergencia quando comparados com outros metodos da literatura. Abstract
Grading meningiomas by used imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging

Background: Meningioma's are by far the most frequent primary tumors occurring inside the cranium. Prognostic wise, the problem with grade II and grade III neoplasms is the high recurrence rate following surgical resection. Surgical goal is to offer complete resection of the tumor to avoid future recurrence;however, such complete resection is limited by a number of factors such as the tumor location with the central nervous system, invasion of underlying vital brain tissue, involvement of cranial nerves and invasion of dural sinuses. Therefore, pre-operative imaging assessment of meningioma is necessary and the ability to grade these tumors on sole imaging background is an essential step in order to select the optimum surgical and or radiation based therapy. Aim of the study: In the current systemic review we collected information about radiological features detected by MRI techniques and analyzed these futures statically with respect to accuracy, sensitivity and specificity aiming at providing an MRI criteria predicting atypical grade II and III meningiomas prior to surgical intervention. Materials and methods: The current systematic review was based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. The primary objective of the current review was to evaluate the currently published data on the potential role of the technique such as Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) for the assessment of meningioma grade. The principal research questions were: 1.What is the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging in Grading meningioma for brain? 2. What is the specificity of magnetic resonance imaging in Grading meningioma for brain? Results: We found that peritumoral edema, tumor necrosis, apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion weighted trace, tumor enhancement, dural tail, tumor margin and tumor brain interface are all associated with significant prediction potential with respect to meningioma grade (p<0.05). On the other hand, capsular enhancement, T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging and tumor location are all insignificant predictors of high grade tumor (p>0.05). Highest sensitivity was seen in association with peritumoral edema (73.0 %). Highest specific level was seen in association with Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) (90.4 %). Tumor necrosis was associated with highest PPV (61.9 %). Highest negative predictive value was seen in association with shape of tumor margin (85.7 %) and highest level of accuracy was observed in association with tumor brain interface (78.2 %). Conclusion: A number of imaging characteristics in MRI can predict the grade of meningioma prior to surgical intervention including peritumoral edema, tumor necrosis, apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion weighted trace, tumor enhancement, dural tail, tumor margin and tumor brain interface and the presence of any combination of these characteristics will make the decision even more precise. Copyright:
Cosmological parameter estimation: impact of CMB aberration

The peculiar motion of an observer with respect to the CMB rest frame induces an apparent deflection of the observed CMB photons, i.e. aberration, and a shift in their frequency, i.e. Doppler effect. Both effects distort the temperature multipoles aℓm's via a mixing matrix at any ℓ. The common lore when performing a CMB based cosmological parameter estimation is to consider that Doppler affects only the l = 1 multipole, and neglect any other corrections. In this paper we reconsider the validity of this assumption, showing that it is actually not robust when sky cuts are included to model CMB foreground contaminations. Assuming a simple fiducial cosmological model with five parameters, we simulated CMB temperature maps of the sky in a WMAP-like and in a Planck-like experiment and added aberration and Doppler effects to the maps. We then analyzed with a MCMC in a Bayesian framework the maps with and without aberration and Doppler effects in order to assess the ability of reconstructing the parameters of the fiducial model. We find that, depending on the specific realization of the simulated data, the parameters can be biased up to one standard deviation for WMAP and almost two standard deviations for Planck. Therefore we conclude that in general it is not a solid assumption to neglect aberration in a CMB based cosmological parameter estimation.
The Tiny Tim User’s Guide

Elliptical Gaussian jitter was added to support modeling the impact of two-gyro guiding. General Some minor bug fixes have been made. The FITS image output routine now creates a more true FITS-standard image. Field dependent WFC and HRC aberration and charge diffusion variations have been measured and characterized using on-orbit data and have been implemented, significantly improving model quality. The geometric distortion coefficients have been updated. NICMOS With the installation of the cryocooler, NICMOS is now significantly more stable in terms of its optical characteristics, so a " new " set of NICMOS cameras have been introduced. The default aberrations and cold mask positions are based on late 2002-early 2003 measurements.
Flow in Curved Ducts of Varying Cross-Section

Abstract : Two numerical methods for solving, the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are compared with each other by applying them to calculate laminar and turbulent flows through curved ducts of regular cross-section. Detailed comparisons, between the computed solutions and experimental data, are carried out in order to validate the two methods and to identify their relative merits and disadvantages. Based on the conclusions of this comparative study a numerical method is developed for simulating viscous flows through curved ducts of varying cross-sections. The proposed method is capable of simulating the near-wall turbulence using fine computational meshes across the sublayer in conjunction with a two-layer k-e- model. Numerical solutions are obtained for: (1) a straight transition duct geometry, and (2) a hydroturbine draft-tube configuration at model scale Reynolds number for various inlet swirl intensities. The report also provides a detailed literature survey that summarizes all the experimental and computational work in the area of duct flows.
Statistical Prediction of Solar Particle Event Frequency Based on the Measurements of Recent Solar Cycles for Acute Radiation Risk Analysis

Large solar particle events (SPEs) present significant acute radiation risks to the crew members during extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) or in lightly shielded space vehicles for space missions beyond the protection of the Earth's magnetic field. Acute radiation sickness (ARS) can impair performance and result in failure of the mission. Improved forecasting capability and/or early-warning systems and proper shielding solutions are required to stay within NASA's short-term dose limits. Exactly how to make use of observations of SPEs for predicting occurrence and size is a great challenge, because SPE occurrences themselves are random in nature even though the expected frequency of SPEs is strongly influenced by the time position within the solar activity cycle. Therefore, we developed a probabilistic model approach, where a cumulative expected occurrence curve of SPEs for a typical solar cycle was formed from a non-homogeneous Poisson process model fitted to a database of proton fluence measurements of SPEs that occurred during the past 5 solar cycles (19 - 23) and those of large SPEs identified from impulsive nitrate enhancements in polar ice. From the fitted model, the expected frequency of SPEs was estimated at any given proton fluence threshold (Phi(sub E)) with energy (E) >30 MeV during a defined space mission period. Corresponding Phi(sub E) (E=30, 60, and 100 MeV) fluence distributions were simulated with a random draw from a gamma distribution, and applied for SPE ARS risk analysis for a specific mission period. It has been found that the accurate prediction of deep-seated organ doses was more precisely predicted at high energies, Phi(sub 100), than at lower energies such as Phi(sub 30) or Phi(sub 60), because of the high penetration depth of high energy protons. Estimates of ARS are then described for 90th and 95th percentile events for several mission lengths and for several likely organ dose-rates. The ability to accurately measure high energy protons (50-300 MeV) in real-time is shown to be a crucial issue for crew protection.
Observation of unconventional proximity induced superconducting effects in Bi2Se3 flakes

Topological superconductors (TSCs) are the materials with superconducting gap in bulk and exotic quasiparticles form gapless edge state. These quasiparticles can be employed as topological quantum bits for execution of quantum computation. Intrinsic TSCs are very rare in nature but artificial TSCs can be engineered by combining topological insulators with s-wave conventional superconductors. Hence recently hybrid structure composed of topological insulator and superconductor has been subject of research in condensed matter physics. In this paper, we use Bi2Se3 topological insulator thin flakes and tungsten (W) superconducting electrodes are deposited by using FIB based gas injection system (GIS). Fabricated Bi2Se3 flake/W hybrid structures were used to investigate induced superconductivity in Bi2Se3 flake via electric transport measurements. The resistance of the flake shows a drastic and significant decrease (8.4%) when the electrodes become superconducting. The superconducting transition (8.4%) is observed even though the length of Bi2Se3 flake between the superconducting contacts was 1.38 μm (≫ superconducting coherence length). Surprisingly, we find that resistance of Bi2Se3 flake shows an abrupt increase just before the transition temperature of superconducting electrodes (T < Tc) due to presence of electron-electron interaction. We also observe that the magnetoresistance of the flake is negative below transition temperature (T < Tc), but above transition temperature (T > Tc) magnetoresistance becomes positive due to the effects of superconducting electrodes which we discussed here in detail and it may help in constructing the topological superconductor.
Quantification of the Cross-helicity Turbulent Cascade in Compressible MHD Simulations

In plasma turbulence, energy and cross helicity are transferred across scales at a constant rate as a consequence of nonlinear interactions. In incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), the energy cascade rate of both quantities can be computed by means of the temporal evolution of second-order structure functions, known as Karman–Howarth–Monin (KHM) equations. In the present work, we derive the KHM equation to compute the energy cascade rate of cross helicity in compressible MHD. Using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations, we validate the equation and use it to measure the cross-helicity turbulence properties. Our results show a slower development of the cross-helicity cascade with respect to the energy one and the presence of inverse cascades of energy and cross helicity at large scales when in the presence of a strong mean field. We propose the relation of these phenomena with the longer duration of geomagnetic storms after the arrival of solar winds with large cross helicity and the observation of patchy inertial ranges displaying positive and negative cascade rates for certain solar wind intervals.
Nonuniformity of a planar polarizer for spin-transfer-induced vortex oscillations at zero field

We discuss a possible mechanism of the spin-transfer-induced oscillations of a vortex in the free layer of spin-valve nanostructures, in which the polarizer layer has a planar magnetization. We demonstrate that if such planar polarizer is essentially nonuniform, steady gyrotropic vortex motion with large amplitude can be excited. The best excitation efficiency is obtained for a circular magnetization distribution in the polarizer. In this configuration, the conditions for the onset of the oscillations depend on the vortex chirality but not on the direction of its core.