Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machiavellianism and Economic Opportunism

This study explores the relationship between 2 defecting strategies based on the manipulation of information; namely, Machiavellianism and economic opportunism. There are 3 main hypotheses that were confirmed in questionnaire investigations among samples of 191 and 113 university students in Athens. Machiavellianism was positively correlated with economic opportunism, shown by a statistically highly significant positive correlation between scores on scales measuring these 2 concepts. In situations of asymmetric information where they held the advantage, high Machs adopted more opportunistic strategies, showing the greatest inclination to maximize their own profit. High Machs showed less trust in potential economic partners, whom they regarded as untrustworthy maximizers.
Regional Differences in Prejudice.

1961 "The analysis of goals in complex organizations. " American Sociological Review 26:854-66. Pugh, D. , D.J. Hickson, C.R. Hinings and C. Turner 1969 "The context of organizational structures. " Administrative Science Quarterly 14:91-114. Reimann, B. 1973 "On the dimensions of bureaucratic struct ure . " Administrative Science Quarterly 18:462-76. 1974 "Organizational 'Public Values' and structure: an exploratory study. " Presented at the sixth annual meeting of the American Institute of Decision Making Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia. Reeves, T. and J. Woodward 1970 "Technology and organizational behavior. " Pp. 37-56 in Joan Woodward (ed.), Industrial Organization: Behavior and Control. London: Oxford University Press. Terrien, F. and D. Mills 1955 "The effect of changing size upon the internal structure of organizations. " American Sociological Review 20:11-4. Thompson, J. 1967 Organizations in Action. New York: McGraw-Hill. Tracy, P. 1974 Occupational and Structural Differentiation. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University. Weber, M. 1947 The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Tr. A. Henderson and T. Parsons. Glencoe:Free Press. Woodward, J. 1965 Industrial Organization: Theory and Practice. London: Oxford University Press.
Impact Assessment of Land Configuration and Bio-Organic on Nutrient Uptake and Quality of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Under Coastal Salt Affected Soil

An experiment was conducted at Coastal Soil Salinity Research Station, NAU, Danti, during rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 with the objective of find out the effect of land configuration and bio-organic on nutrient uptake and quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under coastal salt affected soil. The results of the study revealed that sowing of chickpea on ridge and furrow significantly increased nutrients i.e., N, P and K uptake by chickpea crop over flat bed sowing (L1), but it was statistically at par with raised bed sowing (L2) while, protein content in grain did not influence significantly due to land configuration treatments. Moreover, significantly the highest protein content in grain, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by chickpea crop were recorded under application of vermicompost @ 2 t/ha + bio-fertilizer (Rhizobium + PSB) (B4). The interaction effect of L x B failed to influence protein content in grain and uptake of nitrogen and potassium by chickpea, however, P uptake by crop was significantly higher under treatment combination L3B4 as compared to all other treatment combinations except, L3B3 during 2014-15 and in pooled results.
Moving horizon estimation for staged QP problems

This paper considers moving horizon estimation (MHE) approach to solution of staged quadratic programming (QP) problems. Using an insight into the constrained solution structure for the growing horizon, we develop a very accurate iterative update of the arrival cost in the MHE solution. The update uses a quadratic approximation of the arrival cost and information about the previously active or inactive constraints. In the absence of constraints, the update is the familiar Kalman filter in information form. In the presence of the constraints, the update requires solving a sequence of linear systems with varying size. The proposed MHE update provides very good performance in numerical examples. This includes problems with l1 regularization where optimal estimation allows us to perform online segmentation of streaming data.
Anti-CD3 therapy permits regulatory T cells to surmount T cell receptor–specified peripheral niche constraints

Treatment with anti-CD3 is a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune diabetes, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Foxp3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells may be involved, but the evidence has been conflicting. We investigated this issue in mice derived from the NOD model, which were engineered so that T reg populations were perturbed, or could be manipulated by acute ablation or transfer. The data highlighted the involvement of Foxp3+ cells in anti-CD3 action. Rather than a generic influence on all T reg cells, the therapeutic effect seemed to involve an ∼50–60-fold expansion of previously constrained T reg cell populations; this expansion occurred not through conversion from Foxp3− conventional T (T conv) cells, but from a proliferative expansion. We found that T reg cells are normally constrained by TCR-specific niches in secondary lymphoid organs, and that intraclonal competition restrains their possibility for conversion and expansion in the spleen and lymph nodes, much as niche competition limits their selection in the thymus. The strong perturbations induced by anti-CD3 overcame these niche limitations, in a process dependent on receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-7.
Vestibular neurones in the parieto‐insular cortex of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): visual and neck receptor responses.

1. One hundred and fifty‐two vestibularly activated neurones were recorded in the parieto‐insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) of four awake Java monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): sixty‐two were tested systematically with visual stimulation and seventy‐nine were tested with various somatosensory stimuli. With very few exceptions all vestibular neurones tested responded to visual and somatosensory stimulation, therefore being classified as polymodal vestibular units. 2. A most effective stimulus for all fifty‐eight visually activated PIVC units was movement of a large structured visual pattern in an optimal direction. From forty‐four units responsive to a horizontally moving optokinetic striped drum, twenty‐nine were activated with optokinetic movement in the opposite direction to the activating vestibular stimulus ('synergistic’ response), thirteen were activated optokinetically and vestibularly in the same direction (‘antagonistic’ responses) and two were biphasic. The gain of the optokinetic response to sinusoidal stimulation (average 0.28 (impulses s‐1) (deg s‐1)‐1 at 0.2 Hz, 56 deg amplitude) was in a range similar to that of the vestibular gain at low frequencies. At 1 Hz some units only showed weak optokinetic responses or none at all, but the vestibular response was still strong. 3. With different ‘conflicting’ or ‘enhancing’ combinations of optokinetic and vestibular stimulation no generalized type of interaction was observed, but the responses varied from nearly ‘algebraic’ summation to no discernible changes in the vestibular responses by additional optokinetic stimuli. With all visual‐vestibular stimulus combinations the responses to the vestibular stimulus remained dominant. 4. The optokinetic preferred direction was not related to gravitational coordinates since the optokinetic responses were related to the head co‐ordinates and remained constant with respect to the head co‐ordinates at different angles of steady tilt. 5. Almost all PIVC units were activated by somatosensory stimulation, whereby mainly pressure and/or movement of neck and shoulders (bilateral) and movement of the arm joints elicited vigorous responses. Fewer neurones were activated by lightly touching shoulders/arms or neck, by vibration and/or pressure to the vertebrae, pelvis and legs. 6. A most effective somatosensory stimulus was sinewave rotation of the body with head stationary. The gain of this directionally selective neck receptor response was in the range of vestibular stimulation. Interaction of vestibular and neck receptor stimulation was either of a cancellation or facilitation type. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Investigation of megakaryocyte apoptosis in children with acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Abstract: Objective: Although the platelet destruction shows a primary role in the thrombocytopenia of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), it has been demonstrated that impaired platelet production may also contribute to the severity of thrombocytopenia in ITP. The present study examined megakaryocyte apoptosis in bone marrow aspirates of children with acute and chronic ITP and investigated the role of megakaryocyte apoptosis in ITP pathophysiology.
Large extinctions in an evolutionary model: The role of innovation and keystone species

The causes of major and rapid transitions observed in biological macroevolution as well as in the evolution of social systems are a subject of much debate. Here we identify the proximate causes of crashes and recoveries that arise dynamically in a model system in which populations of (molecular) species coevolve with their network of chemical interactions. Crashes are events that involve the rapid extinction of many species, and recoveries the assimilation of new ones. These are analyzed and classified in terms of the structural properties of the network. We find that in the absence of large external perturbation, “innovation” is a major cause of large extinctions and the prime cause of recoveries. Another major cause of crashes is the extinction of a “keystone species. ” Different classes of causes produce crashes of different characteristic sizes.
Journals à la mode? Twenty years of living alongside Mode 2 and the new production of knowledge

This article considers the institutional and political background to the life of Organization associated with continuing debates about ‘modes of scientific knowledge’ and the supposed rise of Mode 2. It suggests that Organization should provide space for a more fully theorized and politically aware position of the new—and old—production of knowledge. It does so by, first, critically exploring the substantial volume of work that continues to insist that Mode 2—and its many variants—have tended to displace more traditional, so-called Mode 1, forms of scientific knowledge production. But its main contribution lies in suggesting that what has lurked behind scientific knowledge production for centuries is a more insidious and underlying mode of knowledge production—one which we label Mode 0—that corresponds to knowledge production based upon relations of power and patronage. We argue that not only does this notion allow us to develop a more penetrating critique of the claims made by proselytizers of Mode 2 but that Mode 0 has proved a more enduring form of knowledge production than Mode 1 and may well have greater longevity. Rather than becoming too embroiled in questions raised by the Mode 1/ Mode 2 debate about the utility of knowledge for managers, we suggest that readers may wish instead to pry further into the hidden world of Mode 0 patronage of knowledge production.
Parametric Modeling for Damped Sinusoids From Multiple Channels

The problem of parametric modeling for noisy damped sinusoidal signals from multiple channels is addressed. Utilizing the shift invariance property of the signal subspace, the number of distinct sinusoidal poles in the multiple channels is first determined. With the estimated number, the distinct frequencies and damping factors are then computed with the multi-channel weighted linear prediction method. The estimated sinusoidal poles are then matched to each channel according to the extreme value theory of distribution of random fields. Simulations are performed to show the performance advantages of the proposed multi-channel sinusoidal modeling methodology compared with existing methods.
Xenophobia

The current xenophobic cultural environment in the United States makes it imperative that psychologists understand the nature of xenophobia and recognize its consequences. This article explores sociological, social psychological, and multicultural research to examine the causes of negative attitudes toward immigrants. Xenophobia is presented as a concept descriptive of a socially observable phenomenon. Historical and contemporary expressions of xenophobia in the United States are examined and compared with cross-cultural scholarship on negative attitudes toward immigrants. Last, suggestions are provided for how counseling psychologists can integrate an understanding of xenophobia into their clinical practice, training, research, and public policy advocacy.
Early Francoism and Economic Paralysis in Catalonia, 1939—1951

The entry of General Franco's `liberating' Nationalist army into the city of Barcelona in January 1939 was the prelude to a wave of violent repression across the Principality of Catalonia. In addition to the New State's persecution of the language, culture and national personality of Catalonia, fascist zealots also clamoured for the dismantling of the region's factories and mills. Whilst it was often asserted that the Franco dictatorship systematically discriminated against Catalonia for its treachery in supporting the defeated Second Republic (1931—39), the aim of this article is to present new arguments in defence of the revisionist case that the resulting economic paralysis of Catalonia during the period 1939—51 was not so much the result of the bloody-mindedness of the victors in the Spanish Civil War as the New State's obsession with autarky and interventionism.
Epidemiology and the medical causes of miscarriage.

Human reproduction is extraordinarily wasteful. The reasons for this have taxed all of the contributors to this book. As we move into the 21st century it is sobering to reflect on the fact that we have failed to harness the power of the evolving revolution in molecular medical biology to answer the fundamental question: why is the fate of a fertilized egg so hazardous and so unsuccessful? The following account summarizes our limited knowledge of the epidemiology of miscarriage and then moves on to consider some of the medical causes of miscarriage. The contribution of genetic abnormalities to the problem of pregnancy wastage is discussed elsewhere in this volume.
Towards an Independent European Agency to fight fraud and corruption in the EU

At the beginning of 1999, the political barometer in the European institutions was pointing distinctly towards stormy weather. Because of the discontent concerning the European Commission's anti-fraud policy the European Parliament had not been able to discharge its 1996 budget. This deep political crisis as a result of accusations of fraud, corruption, mismanagement and nepotism gives rise to many questions. The European Commission has been alert to the dangers of fraud and corruption, also within the European institutions themselves. However, its attempts to legally revise the EC Treaty along these lines became stranded in the Council of Ministers. After the internal reorganisation within the Commission, in 1996 UCLAF was given the power - on the basis of Regulation 2185/9636 - to carry out investigations independently in the Member States. The Regulation provides minimum horizontal regulation. The B? sch Resolution clearly chooses a framework for a European criminal law space. Keywords:anti-fraud policy; b? sch resolution; corruption; criminal law; European agency; UCLAF
Emergence of three myelin proteins in oligodendrocytes cultured without neurons

Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system, were cultured from newborn rat brain and optic nerve to allow us to analyze whether two transmembranous myelin proteins, myelin- associated glycoprotein (MAG) and proteolipid protein (PLP), were expressed together with myelin basic protein (MBP) in defined medium with low serum and in the absence of neurons. Using double label immunofluorescence, we investigated when and where these three myelin proteins appeared in cells expressing galactocerebroside (GC), a specific marker for the oligodendrocyte membrane. We found that a proportion of oligodendrocytes derived from brain and optic nerve invariably express MBP, MAG, and PLP about a week after the emergence of GC, which occurs around birth. In brain-derived oligodendrocytes, MBP and MAG first emerge between the fifth and the seventh day after birth, followed by PLP 1 to 2 d later. All three proteins were confined to the cell body at that time, although an extensive network of GC positive processes had already developed. Each protein shows a specific cytoplasmic localization: diffuse for MBP, mostly perinuclear for MAG, and particulate for PLP. Interestingly, MAG, which may be involved in glial-axon interactions, is the first myelin protein detected in the processes at approximately 10 d after birth. MBP and PLP are only seen in these locations after 15 d. All GC-positive cells express the three myelin proteins by day 19. Simultaneously, numerous membrane and myelin whorls accumulate along the oligodendrocyte surface. The sequential emergence, cytoplasmic location, and peak of expression of these three myelin proteins in vitro follow a pattern similar to that described in vivo and, therefore, are independent of continuous neuronal influences. Such cultures provide a convenient system to study factors regulating expression of myelin proteins.
IL-10 and Regulatory T Cells Cooperate in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy To Ameliorate Allergic Asthma

Human studies demonstrated that allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) represents an effective treatment for allergic diseases. IT involves repeated administration of the sensitizing allergen, indicating a crucial contribution of T cells to its medicinal benefit. However, the underlying mechanisms of IT, especially in a chronic disease, are far from being definitive. In the current study, we sought to elucidate the suppressive mechanisms of IT in a mouse model of chronic allergic asthma. OVA-sensitized mice were challenged with OVA or PBS for 4 wk. After development of chronic airway inflammation, mice received OVA-specific IT or placebo alternately to airway challenge for 3 wk. To analyze the T cell–mediated mechanisms underlying IT in vivo, we elaborated the role of T-bet–expressing Th1 cells, T cell–derived IL-10, and Ag-specific thymic as well as peripherally induced Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. IT ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in a chronic asthma model. Of note, IT even resulted in a regression of structural changes in the airways following chronic inhaled allergen exposure. Concomitantly, IT induced Th1 cells, Foxp3+, and IL-10–producing Treg cells. Detailed analyses revealed that thymic Treg cells crucially contribute to the effectiveness of IT by promoting IL-10 production in Foxp3-negative T cells. Together with the peripherally induced Ag-specific Foxp3+ Treg cells, thymic Foxp3+ Treg cells orchestrate the curative mechanisms of IT. Taken together, we demonstrate that IT is effective in a chronic allergic disease and dependent on IL-10 and thymic as well as peripherally induced Ag-specific Treg cells.
Rescuing the Baby from the Triple-Bottom-Line Bathwater: A Reply to Pava

We respond to Moses Pava's defense of the “Triple Bottom Line” (3BL) concept against our earlier criticisms. We argue that, pace Pava, the multiplicity of measures (and units of measure) that go into evaluating ethical performance cannot reasonably be compared to the handful of standard methods for evaluating financial performance. We also question Pava's claim that usage of the term “3BL” is somehow intended to be ironical or subversive.
From television to the film set

Daejanggeum (DJG) is a popular Korean television serial drama that boosted the Korean Wave cultural phenomenon in the mid-2000s and led to screen-tourism in South Korea, attracting international visitors to many DJG filmed locations. This study examines the relationship between level of media exposure, audience involvement and on-site screen-tourism experiences. Data were collected at the Daejanggeum Theme Park, an outdoor DJG film set in Yangjoo, South Korea. A total of 701 international tourist visitors completed a survey in Chinese, Japanese and Thai. The study validated a three-dimensional scale of audience involvement and a three-dimensional scale of on-site screen-tourism experiences. This study found that the level of media exposure significantly influenced both audience involvement and on-site screen-tourism experiences; audience emotional and behavioural involvement with DJG significantly affected their on-site screen-tourism experiences.
Dbp5, a DEAD‐box protein required for mRNA export, is recruited to the cytoplasmic fibrils of nuclear pore complex via a conserved interaction with CAN/Nup159p

Dbp5 is a DEAD‐box protein essential for mRNA export from the nucleus in yeast. Here we report the isolation of a cDNA encoding human Dbp5 (hDbp5) which is 46% identical to yDbp5p. Like its yeast homologue, hDbp5 is localized within the cytoplasm and at the nuclear rim. By immunoelectron microscopy, the nuclear envelope‐bound fraction of Dbp5 has been localized to the cytoplasmic fibrils of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Consistent with this localization, we show that both the human and yeast proteins directly interact with an N‐terminal region of the nucleoporins CAN/Nup159p. In a conditional yeast strain in which Nup159p is degraded when shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, yDbp5p dissociates from the NPC and localizes to the cytoplasm. Thus, Dbp5 is recruited to the NPC via a conserved interaction with CAN/Nup159p. To investigate its function, we generated defective hDbp5 mutants and analysed their effects in RNA export by microinjection in Xenopus oocytes. A mutant protein containing a Glu→Gln change in the conserved DEAD‐box inhibited the nuclear exit of mRNAs. Together, our data indicate that Dbp5 is a conserved RNA‐dependent ATPase which is recruited to the cytoplasmic fibrils of the NPC where it participates in the export of mRNAs out of the nucleus.
All-Optical Silicon-Photonic Constellation Conversion of Amplitude–Phase Modulation Formats

Optical communication networks use electrical constellation converters requiring optical-electrical-optical conversions and expensive symbol-rate limiting electronics. In this paper, a generic method for all-optical silicon-photonic conversion of amplitude-phase modulation formats is proposed. The method is based on the implementation of single-layer radial basis function neural networks. A mathematical model is developed, and the parameters influencing the performance of the method are analyzed. Full optical simulation of a four-symbol constellation conversion was performed, resulting in error-free converted constellation that has an error vector magnitude lower than 2.5%.