Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Supported Discharge by Caregiver-Mediated Exercises and e-Health Support After Stroke: A Proof-of-Concept Trial

Background and Purpose— This proof-of-concept trial investigated the effects of an 8-week program of caregiver-mediated exercises commenced in hospital combined with tele-rehabilitation services on patient self-reported mobility and caregiver burden. Methods— Sixty-three hospitalized stroke patients (mean age 68.7, 64% female) were randomly allocated to an 8-week caregiver-mediated exercises program with e-health support or usual care. Primary outcome was the Stroke Impact Scale mobility domain. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, other Stroke Impact Scale domains, readmissions, motor impairment, strength, walking ability, balance, mobility, (extended) activities of daily living, psychosocial functioning, self-efficacy, quality of life, and fatigue. Additionally, caregiver’s self-reported fatigue, symptoms of anxiety, self-efficacy, and strain were assessed. Assessments were completed at baseline and at 8 and 12 weeks. Results— Intention-to-treat analysis showed no between-group difference in Stroke Impact Scale mobility (P=0.6); however, carers reported less fatigue (4.6, confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.3–8.8; P=0.04) and higher self-efficacy (−3.3, CI 95% −5.7 to −0.9; P=0.01) at week 12. Per-protocol analysis, examining those who were discharged home with tele-rehabilitation demonstrated a trend toward improved mobility (−9.8, CI 95% −20.1 to 0.4; P=0.06), significantly improved extended activities of daily living scores at week 8 (−3.6, CI 95% −6.3 to −0.8; P=0.01) and week 12 (3.0, CI 95% −5.8 to −0.3; P=0.03), a 9-day shorter length of stay (P=0.046), and fewer readmissions over 12 months (P<0.05). Conclusions— Caregiver-mediated exercises supported by tele-rehabilitation show promise to augment intensity of practice, resulting in improved patient-extended activities of daily living, reduced length of stay with fewer readmissions post stroke, and reduced levels of caregiver fatigue with increased feelings of self-efficacy. The current findings justify a larger definite phase III randomized controlled trial. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.anzctr. org.au. Unique identifier: ACTRN12613000779774.
Entropic sub-cell shock capturing schemes via Jin-Xin relaxation and Glimm front sampling for scalar conservation laws

We introduce a sub-cell shock capturing method for scalar conservation laws built upon the Jin-Xin relaxation framework. Here, sub-cell shock capturing is achieved using the original defect measure correction technique. The proposed method exactly restores entropy shock solutions of the exact Riemann problem and, moreover, it produces monotone and entropy satisfying approximate self-similar solutions. These solutions are then sampled using Glimm’s random choice method to advance in time. The resulting scheme combines the simplicity of the Jin-Xin relaxation method with the resolution of the Glimm’s scheme to achieve the sharp (no smearing) capturing of discontinuities. The benefit of using defect measure corrections over usual sub-cell shock capturing methods is that the scheme can be easily made entropy satisfying with respect to infinitely many entropy pairs. Consequently, under a classical CFL condition, the method is proved to converge to the unique entropy weak solution of the Cauchy problem for general non-linear flux functions. Numerical results show that the proposed method indeed captures shocks—including interacting shocks—sharply without any smearing.
A role for Wnt signaling genes in the pathogenesis of impaired lung function in asthma.

RATIONALE Animal models demonstrate that aberrant gene expression in utero can result in abnormal pulmonary phenotypes. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify genes that are differentially expressed during in utero airway development and test the hypothesis that variants in these genes influence lung function in patients with asthma. METHODS Stage 1 (Gene Expression): Differential gene expression analysis across the pseudoglandular (n = 27) and canalicular (n = 9) stages of human lung development was performed using regularized t tests with multiple comparison adjustments. Stage 2 (Genetic Association): Genetic association analyses of lung function (FEV(1), FVC, and FEV(1)/FVC) for variants in five differentially expressed genes were conducted in 403 parent-child trios from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP). Associations were replicated in 583 parent-child trios from the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of the 1,776 differentially expressed genes between the pseudoglandular (gestational age: 7-16 wk) and the canalicular (gestational age: 17-26 wk) stages, we selected 5 genes in the Wnt pathway for association testing. Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes demonstrated association with lung function in CAMP (P < 0.05), and associations for two of these genes were replicated in the Costa Ricans: Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 with FEV(1) (combined P = 0.0005) and FVC (combined P = 0.0004), and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 with FVC (combined P = 0.003) and FEV(1)/FVC (combined P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Wnt signaling genes are associated with impaired lung function in two childhood asthma cohorts. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of human fetal lung development can be used to identify genes implicated in the pathogenesis of lung function impairment in individuals with asthma.
Surgical Outcome of 438 Patients Treated Surgically for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Study Design. A retrospective, follow‐up study. Objectives. To investigate the overall outcome of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis and to investigate the preoperative factors affecting outcome. Summary of Background Data. The success rates of surgical intervention for lumbar spinal stenosis vary, and few preoperative factors have been found to be significantly correlated to surgical outcome. Methods. A total of 438 patients (183 women, 255 men) who underwent decompressive surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis were re‐examined and evaluated for outcome 4.3 years after surgery. Outcome was based on subjective disability, which was assessed using the Oswestry low back pain questionnaire. The preoperative data (clinical documentation, length of laminectomy, and radiographs) were collected from patient records that had been stored in the hospital. Preoperative factors affecting outcome were reported. Results. The mean value of the Oswestry disability score of these 438 patients was 34 ± 18 (women, 36.3 ± 17; men, 32.3 ± 18; P < 0.05). Age did not influence general outcome. The proportion of good to excellent outcomes of all 438 patients was 62% (women, 57%; men, 65%). Diabetes, hip joint arthrosis, and preoperative fracture of the lumbar spine seemed to be associated with poor outcome. The ability to work before or after surgery and a history of no prior back surgery were predictive of good outcome. Conclusion. The results suggest that clear myelographic stenosis and no prior surgical intervention, no comorbidity of diabetes, no hip joint arthrosis, and no preoperative fracture of the lumbar spine are factors associated with a good outcome in surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis.
Beyond Gene Discovery in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Emerging Role of Epigenetics

In the past decade, there have been fundamental advances in our understanding of genetic factors that contribute to the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The latest international collaborative studies have brought the number of IBD susceptibility gene loci to 163. However, genetic factors account for only a portion of overall disease variance, indicating a need to better explore gene-environment interactions in the development of IBD. Epigenetic factors can mediate interactions between the environment and the genome; their study could provide new insight into the pathogenesis of IBD. We review recent progress in identification of genetic factors associated with IBD and discuss epigenetic mechanisms that could affect development and progression of IBD.
Effects of Prostaglandin on Vasoconstrictor Responses in the Mesenteric Vascular Bed

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α In a concentration that did not induce vascular contraction (10−8 M) potentiated the dose-response curves to norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine and the contractile response induced by potassium (60 or 100 mM) in isolated mesenteric vascular bed of the rat. After prostaglandin inhibitor treatment with indomethacin (10−6 M), the dose-response curve to norepinephrine was reduced, and the dose (10−10 M) of PGF2α, which was ineffective hi control tissues, facilitated the norepinephrine contractile response. In contrast, indomethacin did not change either the contractile response induced by potassium or the PGF2α potentiation of this response. Calcium antagonists diltiazem or flunarizine reduced the potassium-induced contractile response. After diltiazem treatment, 10−10 M of PGF2α was also effective in facilitating this response. The PGF2α postjunctionaJ effect was conserved after phosphoinositide hydrolysis inhibition. These results suggest that PGF2α potent iat ion of the contractile response may be independent of PGF2α contraction. Low doses of endogenous prostaglandins could be able to facilitate the norepinephrine contractile response in this tissue. This process may be independent of calcium influx and phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
The role of growth of normal and preneoplastic cell populations for tumor promotion in rat liver

A number of different compounds, including phenobarbital, hypolipidemic drugs such as clofibrate and nafenopin, the sex steroids progesterone, cyproterone acetate, estradiol and mestranol, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane, and TCDD and the antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene, appears to promote the development of liver tumors from previously induced initiated cells. The mechanisms of tumor promotion by several representative prototypes of these compounds were studied in rat liver in vivo. All liver tumor promoters mentioned above stimulate growth of normal liver. The growth response is due to cellular hypertrophy and/or increased rate of DNA (and cell) replication and/or decreased rate of cell death. Hepatocytes in foci or islands of altered cells (putatively preneoplastic) show higher rates of replication than normal liver cells; various different liver tumor promoters cause a further increase of proliferation of focal cells. The increased proliferative activity is found in different island phenotypes and thus seems to be a useful marker of the putative preneoplastic state. The focal cells respond to several factors limiting proliferation in normal liver, suggesting that they are not autonomous with respect to growth control. Early preneoplastic foci grow slowly without promotion, despite the relatively high rates of cell replication. Thus their cells seem to have a much shorter life-time than normal hepatocytes or to undergo reversion to the normal phenotype. Promoters seem to accelerate island enlargement by increasing cell replication and delaying cell death or remodeling. Thus, tumor promoters enhance the manifestation of the proliferation advantage of the putative initiated cell population. In addition, promoters cause increases in the number of detectable islands. This can partially be explained by enlargement of existing islands, but phenotypic changes that would enhance the probability of detection of remodelling islands and growth of dormant initiated cells, probably contribute to the apparent increase of island number. Putative preneoplastic foci of unknown origin are frequent in the liver of aged Wistar rats. They are morphologically and functionally very similar to those induced by carcinogens and are responsive to the mitogenic effect of tumor promoters. Promotion of these “spontaneous” foci may explain tumor appearance after long-term application of promoters. The findings may provide a basis for improved identification of initiated hepatocytes (and of initiating hepatocarcinogens) and for detection of tumor promoters. All suspected liver tumor promoters tested so far induced enhanced preneoplastic cell proliferation after single doses. The long-term carcinogenicity bioassay as currently performed does not discriminate between initiating and promoting properties of a test compound if the animals used develop spontaneous preneoplastic lesions in the organ affected. ImagesFIGURE 9.FIGURE 9.
Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide–ZnO hybrid with enhanced optical limiting properties

Reduced graphene oxide–ZnO (rGO–ZnO) is synthesized by in situ growth of ZnO on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) by facile solution methods; namely, a solution precipitation method and a hydrothermal method. The characterization shows that GO is reduced and exfoliated to graphene sheets and ZnO is partially covered by graphene layers. A formation mechanism of rGO–ZnO hybrid proposed is well suited to the experimental results. Structural analysis indicates that the graphene possesses a greater extent of π-conjugation in the hydrothermally prepared rGO–ZnO hybrid. These hybrids exhibit an intense and broad absorption in the visible region, in addition to the sharp UV absorption peak. These rGO–ZnO hybrids also show fluorescence quenching properties. The nonlinear absorption coefficient and optical limiting properties of rGO–ZnO hybrid is evaluated using an open aperture Z-scan technique. More interestingly, we found that there is a 15 times enhancement in the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the rGO–ZnO hybrid compared to the bare ZnO. The hybrid shows excellent optical limiting properties compared to its individual counterparts, implying the usability of these hybrids in optoelectronics.
Elements of a reference model for electronic markets

A marketplace as a historically-evolved institution allows customers and suppliers to meet at a certain place and a certain time in order to announce buying or selling intentions which eventually match and may be settled. Due to the evolution of communication technologies time and space restrictions have been weakened. Electronic markers (EM) represent the next step in the evolution of the former marketplace. They are emerging in different fields, supporting the exchange of goods and services of different types, with different types of actors and are following different architectural principles. Some of the existing new systems are solutions for just parts of the transaction process which do not interoperate with other systems. Further, the Internet with its tremendous evolution fosters the development of EM in retail business. A lot of different EM will arise which have to co-operate and network with each other. This rather hinders a structured development of EM and demands for common architectural principles. The necessity for a reference model towards real EM is given.
Efficient and Effective Full-Wave Analysis of the Instantaneous and Average Behaviors of Time-Modulated Arrays

An efficient and effective full-wave analysis of the instantaneous and average behaviors of time-modulated arrays (TMAs) in the presence of mutual coupling effects is proposed. It has high computation efficiency for the optimization design of TMAs, especially for nonuniformly spaced TMAs. The proposed approach, using the in-array mutual impedance to describe the effect of mutual coupling, is based on a closed-form mutual impedance expression and a correcting procedure. The closed-form is used to calculate the mutual impedance between two isolated elements in which the effect of the parasitic elements is ignored. Then, the correcting procedure, which only requires the knowledge of the isolated element input impedance and the mutual impedance of two isolated elements, is used to obtain a corrected in-array mutual impedance, in which the interactions between the antennas in the array configuration are involved. Because it makes use of the surface mode currents to calculate the mutual coupling effects, the currents induced on the parasitic elements are naturally involved. Therefore, the corrected in-array mutual impedance is a good approximation of the real one. In addition, the impedance variations can occur in phase-scanned TMAs due to mutual coupling effects, resulting in a significant fraction of the incident power being reflected known as mismatch losses. Based on the proposed approach, an introduced phase-scanned TMA makes use of SP3T switches and optimized time sequences for the element feed to reduce the mismatch losses in comparison with a conventional phase-scanned TMA. To validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach, examples of the optimization design of uniformly and nonuniformly spaced time-modulated patch arrays for different scenarios are presented. All the results obtained from the proposed approach are given and compared with those from the commercial software.
Aegean wall lizards switch foraging modes, diet, and morphology in a human‐built environment

Abstract Foraging mode is a functional trait with cascading impacts on ecological communities. The foraging syndrome hypothesis posits a suite of concurrent traits that vary with foraging mode; however, comparative studies testing this hypothesis are typically interspecific. While foraging modes are often considered typological for a species when predicting foraging‐related traits or mode‐specific cascading impacts, intraspecific mode switching has been documented in some lizards. Mode‐switching lizards provide an opportunity to test foraging syndromes and explore how intraspecific variability in foraging mode might affect local ecological communities.Because lizard natural history is intimately tied to habitat use and structure, I tested for mode switching between populations of the Aegean wall lizard, Podarcis erhardii, inhabiting undisturbed habitat and human‐built rock walls on the Greek island of Naxos. I observed foraging behavior among 10 populations and tested lizard morphological and performance predictions at each site. Furthermore, I investigated the diet of lizards at each site relative to the available invertebrate community.I found that lizards living on rock walls were significantly more sedentary—sit and wait—than lizards at nonwall sites. I also found that head width increased in females and the ratio of hindlimbs to forelimbs in both sexes increased as predicted. Diet also changed, with nonwall lizards consuming a higher proportion of sedentary prey. Lizard bite force also varied significantly between sites; however, the pattern observed was opposite to that predicted, suggesting that bite force in these lizards may more closely relate to intraspecific competition than to diet.This study demonstrates microgeographic variability in lizard foraging mode as a result of human land use. In addition, these results demonstrate that foraging mode syndromes can shift intraspecifically with potential cascading effects on local ecological communities.
A mechanism of the vagal effect of cardiac glycosides.

In the vagotomized, anesthetized dog and the open-chest preparation, ouabain increases the sinus bradycardia produced by maximal vagal stimulation at frequencies of 15 per sec. or more, but not at 10 per sec. or lower. In the decentralized canine heart, ouabain increases the A-V block produced during rapid atrial stimulation by vagal stimulation at frequencies of 5 or 10 per sec. In the dog heart-lung preparation, ouabain sensitizes both the S-A node and the A-V node to acetylcholine. These results confirm the findings of Boehm (1872) and Gremels (1935) that ouabain sensitizes the heart to vagal stimulation.
Supercapacitors : materials, systems, and applications

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY Equilibrium Electrochemistry Ionics Dynamic Electrochemistry GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction Capacitor Principles Electrochemical Capacitors Summary ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES Electrochemical Apparatus Electrochemical Cell Electrochemical Interface: Supercapacitors Most Used Electrochemical Techniques ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS AND CARBONS FOR EDLCS Introduction The Electrical Double Layer Types of Carbons Used for EDLCs Capacitance versus Pore Size Evidence of Desolvation of Ions Performance Limitations: Pore Accessibility or Saturation of Porosity Beyond the Double-Layer Capacitance in Microporous Carbons Conclusions MODERN THEORIES OF CARBON-BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction Classical Theories Recent Developments Concluding Remarks ELECTRODE MATERIALS WITH PSEUDOCAPACITIVE PROPERTIES Introduction Conducting Polymers in Supercapacitor Application Metal Oxide/Carbon Composites Pseudocapacitive Effect of Heteroatoms Present in the Carbon Network Nanoporous Carbons with Electrosorbed Hydrogen Electrolytic Solutions - A Source of Faradaic Reactions Conclusions - Profits and Disadvantages of Pseudocapacitive Effects LI-ION-BASED HYBRID SUPERCAPACITORS IN ORGANIC MEDIUM Introduction Voltage Limitation of Conventional EDLCs Hybrid Capacitor Systems Material Design for NHC Conclusion ASYMMETRIC AND HYBRID DEVICES IN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES Introduction Aqueous Hybrid (Asymmetric) Devices Aqueous Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitors Tantalum Oxide-Ruthenium Oxide Hybrid Capacitors Perspectives EDLCS BASED ON SOLVENT-FREE IONIC LIQUIDS Introduction Carbon Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interface Ionic Liquids Carbon Electrodes Supercapacitors Concluding Remarks MANUFACTURING OF INDUSTRIAL SUPERCAPACITORS Introduction Cell Components Cell Design Module Design Conclusions and Perspectives SUPERCAPACITOR MODULE SIZING AND HEAT MANAGEMENT UNDER ELECTRIC, THERMAL, AND AGING CONSTRAINTS Introduction Electrical Characterization Thermal Modeling Supercapacitor Lifetime Supercapacitor Module Sizing Methods Applications TESTING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction Summaries of DC Test Procedures Applicatin of the Test Procedures to Carbon/Carbon Devices Testing of Hybrid, Pseudocapacitive Devices Relationships between AC Impedance and DC Testing Uncertainties in Ultracapacitor Data Interpretation Summary RELIABILITY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction Reliability Basics Cell Reliability System Reliability Assessment of Cell Reliability Reliability of Practical Systems Increasing System Reliability System Design Example MARKET AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction: Principles and History Commerical Designs: DC Power Applications Energy Conservation and Energy Harvesting Applications Technology Combination Applications Electricity Grid Applications Conclusions