Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attentional costs and failures in air traffic control notifications

Large display screens are common in supervisory tasks, meaning that alerts are often perceived in peripheral vision. Five air traffic control notification designs were evaluated in their ability to capture attention during an ongoing supervisory task, as well as their impact on the primary task. A range of performance measures, eye-tracking and subjective reports showed that colour, even animated, was less effective than movement, and notifications sometimes went unnoticed. Designs that drew attention to the notified aircraft by a pulsating box, concentric circles or the opacity of the background resulted in faster perception and no missed notifications. However, the latter two designs were intrusive and impaired primary task performance, while the simpler animated box captured attention without an overhead cognitive cost. These results highlight the need for a holistic approach to evaluation, achieving a balance between the benefits for one aspect of performance against the potential costs for another. Practitioner summary: We performed a holistic examination of air traffic control notification designs regarding their ability to capture attention during an ongoing supervisory task. The combination of performance, eye-tracking and subjective measurements demonstrated that the best design achieved a balance between attentional power and the overhead cognitive cost to primary task performance.
Systematically Constructing Kinetic Transition Network in Polypeptide from Top to Down: Trajectory Mapping

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is an important tool for understanding bio-molecules in microscopic temporal/spatial scales. Besides the demand in improving simulation techniques to approach experimental scales, it becomes more and more crucial to develop robust methodology for precisely and objectively interpreting massive MD simulation data. In our previous work [J Phys Chem B 114, 10266 (2010)], the trajectory mapping (TM) method was presented to analyze simulation trajectories then to construct a kinetic transition network of metastable states. In this work, we further present a top-down implementation of TM to systematically detect complicate features of conformational space. We first look at longer MD trajectory pieces to get a coarse picture of transition network at larger time scale, and then we gradually cut the trajectory pieces in shorter for more details. A robust clustering algorithm is designed to more effectively identify the metastable states and transition events. We applied this TM method to detect the hierarchical structure in the conformational space of alanine-dodeca-peptide from microsecond to nanosecond time scales. The results show a downhill folding process of the peptide through multiple pathways. Even in this simple system, we found that single common-used order parameter is not sufficient either in distinguishing the metastable states or predicting the transition kinetics among these states.
Salpingectomy improves the pregnancy rate in in-vitro fertilization patients with hydrosalpinx.

The objective of this study was to assess the impact on pregnancy outcome of excising hydrosalpinx(ges) in patients with repeated in-vitro fertilization (IVF) failures. A group of 15 patients who had previously undergone failed IVF attempts and had unilateral or bilateral hydrosalpinx was subjected to an operative laparoscopy with excision of the affected tube(s). Of these, 10 patients underwent a unilateral salpingectomy and five had a bilateral salpingectomy. Stimulated cycles of IVF and/or cryo-thaw cycles were then carried out post-salpingectomy and the results were compared to those of pre-salpingectomy cycles. There was no statistically significant difference between the number of mature eggs retrieved, peak oestradiol concentrations, number of days to human chorionic gonadotrophin administration, or number of pre-zygotes frozen in the stimulated cycles pre- versus post-salpingectomy. Pre-salpingectomy, 15 patients underwent 38 stimulated cycles and eight patients underwent 14 cycles with cryopreserved-thawed embryos, achieving one pregnancy from a fresh transfer that resulted in a miscarriage. Post-salpingectomy, eight patients underwent 12 stimulated cycles, achieving five clinical pregnancies (two miscarriages and three ongoing pregnancies, i.e. either delivered or a pregnancy > or = 20 weeks), and nine patients underwent 10 cycles with cryopreserved-thawed embryos, achieving four clinical pregnancies (one miscarriage and three ongoing). We conclude that excision of hydrosalpinx(ges) improves the pregnancy potential after IVF, and that new and repeat IVF patients should be counselled accordingly.
Classification of chestnuts with experiments on feature selection and noise

In this paper we solve the problem of classifying chestnut plants according to their place of origin; we compare the results obtained by a multi-layer perceptron with C4.5 decision tree and random forest. We will determine which features are meaningful for the classification, the achievable classification accuracy of these three classifiers families with the available features and how much the classifiers are robust to noise. We show that in this botanic domain it is possible to reduce the number of features still maintaining high the classification accuracy. Among the obtained classifiers, neural networks show the greatest robustness to noise.
A Survey on the Randic Index

The general Randic index Rα(G) of a (chemical) graph G, is defined as the sum of the weights (d(u)d(v))α of all edges uv of G, where d(u) denotes the degree of a vertex u in G and α an arbitrary real number, which is called the Randic index or connectivity index (or branching index) for α = −1/2 proposed by Milan Randic in 1975. The paper outlines the results known for the (general) Randic index of (chemical) graphs. Some very new results are released. We classify the results into the following categories: extremal values and extremal graphs of Randic index, general Randic index, zeroth-order general Randic index, higher-order Randic index. A few conjectures and open problems are mentioned.
Characterization of a 3;6 translocation associated with renal cell carcinoma

The most frequent cause of familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is von Hippel–Lindau disease and the VHL tumor suppressor gene (TSG) is inactivated in most sporadic clear cell RCC. Although there is relatively little information on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis of clear cell RCC without VHL inactivation, a subset of familial cases harbors a balanced constitutional chromosome 3 translocation. To date nine different chromosome 3 translocations have been associated with familial or multicentric clear cell RCC; and in three cases chromosome 6 was also involved. To identify candidate genes for renal tumorigenesis we characterized a constitutional translocation, t(3;6)(q22;q16.1) associated with multicentric RCC without evidence of VHL target gene dysregulation. Analysis of breakpoint sequences revealed a 1.3‐kb deletion on chromosome 6 within the intron of a 2 exon predicted gene (NT_007299.434). However, RT‐PCR analysis failed to detect the expression of this gene in lymphoblast, fibroblast, or kidney tumor cell lines. No known genes were disrupted by the translocation breakpoints but several candidate TSGs (e.g., EPHB1, EPHA7, PPP2R3A RNF184, and STAG1) map within close proximity to the breakpoints. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Big Data Query Parallelization

The amount of data stored worldwide has reached the exabyte range (one quintillion of bytes). The first generation of databases based on relational algebra is hitting its limits. Therefore, companies dealing with Big Data such as Google, Facebook, or Twitter had to come up with their own frameworks and database systems in order to cope with such data scale. In parallel, a second generation of databases based on a semi-structured model like XML, YAML, or JSON rather than traditional relation databases has been emerging during the last ten years. All these systems are part of the NoSQL family which provides higher scalability and availability than traditional relational databases. In order for storage systems to scale, the data is partitioned horizontally into shards that are then replicated across several nodes. As for querying at large scales, declarative parallelizable and highly optimizable query languages are needed. This is what XQuery is to XML. Since the core of XQuery is free of side-effects, a huge parallelization potential lies in the execution of programs written in this language. Data-intensive queries can be distributed on a farm of computers, each of them working on a shard, while computation-intensive queries can be parallelized by duplicating sub-parts of the query plan. In this master’s thesis, we investigate how execution of queries on a large amount of highly distributed data can best be orchestrated using XQuery. We come up with use cases to clearly illustrate the parallelization challenges, and present a logical model, called the TreeHammock pattern, that allows to parallelize XQuery programs. We also design and implement a framework which exposes parallelization capabilities to XQuery developers and allows them to manually parallelize their queries. A first version of the parallelization infrastructure is developed on top of the 28msec’s platform and used to evaluate some of the use cases presented in this thesis. Experiments are then carried out to validate our approach and demonstrate performance improvements compared to sequential query processing, as well as to study which factors have the most impact on our framework.
Testing for Multiple Bubbles: Limit Theory of Real‐Time Detectors

This article provides the limit theory of real‐time dating algorithms for bubble detection that were suggested in Phillips, Wu, and Yu (PWY; International Economic Review 52 [2011], 201–26) and in a companion paper by the present authors (Phillips, Shi, and Yu, 2015; PSY; International Economic Review 56 [2015a], 1099–1134. Bubbles are modeled using mildly explosive bubble episodes that are embedded within longer periods where the data evolve as a stochastic trend, thereby capturing normal market behavior as well as exuberance and collapse. Both the PWY and PSY estimates rely on recursive right‐tailed unit root tests (each with a different recursive algorithm) that may be used in real time to locate the origination and collapse dates of bubbles. Under certain explicit conditions, the moving window detector of PSY is shown to be a consistent dating algorithm even in the presence of multiple bubbles. The other algorithms are consistent detectors for bubbles early in the sample and, under stronger conditions, for subsequent bubbles in some cases. These asymptotic results and accompanying simulations guide the practical implementation of the procedures. They indicate that the PSY moving window detector is more reliable than the PWY strategy, sequential application of the PWY procedure, and the CUSUM procedure.
Explained Variance and Intraclass Correlation in a Two-Level AR(1) Model

ABSTRACT The total variance of a first-order autoregressive AR(1) time series is well known in time series literature. However, despite the increased use and interest in two-level AR(1) models, an equation for the total variance of these models does not exist. This paper presents an approximation of this total variance. It will be used to compute the unexplained and explained variance at each level of the model, the proportion of explained variance, and the intraclass correlation (ICC). The use of these variances and the ICC will be illustrated using an example concerning structured diary data about the positive affect of 96 married women.
The costs of motherhood: an analysis using matching estimators

We estimate the effect of motherhood on wages using matching. We distinguish between net and direct effects. The net effect includes the total wage costs, whereas the direct represents the causal effect. Since covariates are likely affected by motherhood, the latter effect is not immediately uncovered. We therefore implement two strategies: first, we confine the analysis to consider sector-specific treatment effects; second, we impose additive separability on the outcome equation. We find negative net effects that vary little with sector. The direct effect is small and negative in the public sector and insignificant in the private sector. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction to the issue: From Natural Language Processing to Information and Human Language Technology

Interest in Natural Language Processing (NLP) basically starts at the origin of Computer Science, with the aspects chosen by Alan Turing in his proposal to define intelligent behaviour, where the capacity to cope with natural language is stressed. A key issue in boosting the area was the military applications, during the cold war, leading to emphasis in projects of automatic translation and i ts applications. At the time limited success was achieved given the expectations, but they were important to a repositioning, followed by a valorization of more fundamental issues, such as knowledge representation, and subsequently a relative equilibrium between basic research and applications.
Acoustic event detection for multiple overlapping similar sources

Many current paradigms for acoustic event detection (AED) are not adapted to the organic variability of natural sounds, and/or they assume a limit on the number of simultaneous sources: often only one source, or one source of each type, may be active. These aspects are highly undesirable for applications such as bird population monitoring. We introduce a simple method modelling the onsets, durations and offsets of acoustic events to avoid intrinsic limits on polyphony or on inter-event temporal patterns. We evaluate the method in a case study with over 3000 zebra finch calls. In comparison against a HMM-based method we find it more accurate at recovering acoustic events, and more robust for estimating calling rates.
The Clinical Importance of the Fat Compartments in Midfacial Aging

Summary: The recent identification of the facial fat compartments has greatly affected our understanding of midfacial aging. This article chronicles the discovery of these fat compartments including the shift of attention from a purely gravitational to a volumetric approach to facial aging and the series of methodologies attempted to ultimately define the anatomy of these compartments. The revived interest in volumetric facial rejuvenation including compartment-guided augmentation techniques is discussed. Lastly, the article discusses interesting distributional patterns noted in these fat compartments likely related to the different mechanical and biologic environments of the deep and superficial facial fat pads.
Early Software Product Improvement with Sequential Inspection Sessions: An Empirical Investigation of Inspector Capability and Learning Effects

Software inspection facilitates product improvement in early phases of software development by detecting defects in various types of documents, e.g., requirements and design specifications. Empirical study reports show that usage-based reading (UBR) techniques can focus inspectors on most important use cases. However, the impact of inspector qualification and learning effects in the context of inspecting a set of documents in several sessions is still not well understood. This paper contributes a model for investigating the impact of inspector capability and learning effects on inspection effectiveness and efficiency in a large-scale empirical study in an academic context. Main findings of the study are (a) the inspection technique UBR better supported the performance inspectors with lower experience in sequential inspection cycles (learning effect) and (b) when inspecting objects of similar complexity significant improvements of defect detection performance could be measured.
Impulsivity and predictive control are associated with suboptimal action-selection and action-value learning in regular gamblers

Heightened impulsivity and cognitive biases are risk factors for gambling problems. However, little is known about precisely how these factors increase the risks of gambling-related harm in vulnerable individuals. Here, we modelled the behaviour of 87 community-recruited regular, but not clinically problematic, gamblers during a binary-choice reinforcement-learning game, to characterize the relationships between impulsivity, cognitive biases and the capacity to make optimal action selections and learn about action-values. Impulsive gamblers showed diminished use of an optimal (Bayesian-derived) probability estimate when selecting between candidate actions, and showed slower learning rates and enhanced non-linear probability weighting while learning action values. Critically, gamblers who believed that it is possible to predict winning outcomes (as ‘predictive control’) failed to use the game's reinforcement history to guide their action selections. Extensive evidence attests to the ease with which gamblers can erroneously perceive structure in the reinforcement history of games when there is none. Our findings demonstrate that the generic and specific risk factors of impulsivity and cognitive biases can interfere with the capacity of some gamblers to utilize structure when it is available in the reinforcement history of games, potentially increasing their risks of sustaining gambling-related harms.
A planning board generator. Part I: Problem instances and types

A planning board is a planning tool that uses the Gantt chart as its main representation mechanism. A planning board generator aims at facilitating the development of planning boards; using a description of the problem type for which a planning board is to be developed and the desired representations and manipulations, the generator automatically creates a prototype of the planning board. In this paper we discuss our view of a planning board generator and introduce a method to describe problem instances and types.
Novel measure of articular instability based on contact stress confirms that the anterior cruciate ligament is a critical stabilizer of the lateral compartment

Knee instability following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is common, compromising function, and causing cartilage and meniscal damage. In this study, instability at the level of the articular surfaces was characterized with a new measure: articular instability. Articular instability was defined as the change in location of the center of contact stress per unit of applied load. The effect of ACL‐deficiency on articular instability was quantified in response to combined abduction and internal rotation moments simulating the clinical pivot shift, which recreates the sensation of instability. Eleven cadaver knees were loaded using a robotic manipulator and tibiofemoral contact stress was measured using a stress transducer. Sectioning the ACL led to pronounced articular instability on the lateral compartment in 4 of 11 knees. In these 4 knees articular instability increased posteriorly up to 403% and increased laterally up to 754%. Factors driving inter‐specimen variations in articular instability might include articular morphology, ligamentous laxity, and the applied loads. This novel description of contact mechanics confirms that the ACL prevents sudden changes in the relative position of the lateral articular surfaces. It is applicable to any loading conditions and provides a unique measure to quantify the effects of ACL injury and reconstruction. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:478–488, 2016.
Hybrid elastic registration using constrained free-form deformation

In this paper we present a deformation registration technique that utilizes rigid registration for bony structures while allowing elastic transformation of soft tissue to more accurately register the entire image volume. The technique is applied to the registration of computed tomography images of the thoracic and abdominal regions. First, bony structures are segmented from the CT data. The landmarks are automatically obtained from the segmented data using boundary-detection techniques and random sampling from the boundary candidates. Each bone structure is then individually registered to the corresponding structure using Least Square Method. The whole transformation is obtained by using Thin Plate Spline interpolation. The resulting set of rigid transformations allows for accurate registration of the parts of the CT data representing the vertebrate but not the adjacent soft tissue. To align the soft tissue, a smoothly varying deformation to model different deformability for some structures is computed by means of B-Spline Free Form Deformations algorithm and a normalized mutual information image similarity measure. The advantage of these approaches is that they take into account rigid structures and the deformations applied to the images are continuous and smooth. We applied the proposed methodology to the clinical images. The results have been very positively evaluated by four medical experts.
Le réseau social Facebook comme support d'apprentissage pour les étudiants universitaires

A l’heure ou les reseaux sociaux, tel « Facebook », se multiplient et semblent devenir une nouvelle forme d’interaction humaine, il est interessant d’analyser les usages qui en sont faits par leurs membres. Cette recherche, menee aupres d’une centaine d’etudiants inscrits au master en sciences de l’education, s’interesse particulierement aux usages pedagogiques et communicationnels realises par les etudiants universitaires dans le cadre de leur formation. Meme si les etudiants attribuent a Facebook des avantages tels que l’accessibilite, la praticite, la rapidite et la facilite de communication, ils mettent egalement en avant des inconvenients lies a la distraction et a la confidentialite. Enfin, les etudiants interroges ont egalement propose un certain nombre de modifications dans la configuration de ce reseau social afin de l’utiliser a des fins pedagogiques. Nous nous pencherons egalement sur les activites qui sont menees par les etudiants sur les groupes Facebook.
Features of web subject-related image and its retrieval significance

Keyword information retrieval is the mainstream way of information retrieval at present. Users need to scan a large amount of text information in the search results to find the information they want, but the process causes inefficiency and poor user experience. In fact, images in the web pages can provide a direct-viewing and fast retrieval way. Through the research on the features of web subject-related image and achieve its automatic identification and extraction, we can display it in the thumbnail together with the page title and summary in the results pages. It can help users filter and browse information in a more convenient way. This paper establishes a web image attribute system from both HTML attributes and external attributes. Then through corresponding automatic extracting algorithms and data analysis it succeeds to gain 16 feature rules of web subject-related image, and finishes building a web subject-related image feature model. The model proves to obtain more than 99% of the extraction rate and filtering rate while applying to the sample data, demonstrating its value in web information retrieval.