Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial tRNA Mutations: Clinical and Functional Perturbations

During the last decade, there has been a progressive accumulation of reports that connect the identification of specific mitochondrial tRNA gene mutations to severe disorders in human. As a result, mitochondrial tRNA genes and their products have emerged as novel and essential molecular markers for wide biochemical and genetic screenings among different human populations. So far, 139 pathogenic and 243 polymorphic mt tRNA mutations have been described and they have become the foreground of numerous case reports. Given the complexity of mitochondrial genetics and biochemistry, the clinical manifestations of mitochondrial disorders are extremely heterogeneous. They range from lesions of single tissues or structures to more severe impairements including myopathies, encephalomyopathies, cardiomyopathies, or complex multisystem syndromes. Moreover, the exact mechanisms by which biochemical cascades can be dramatically affected by mitochondrial tRNA mutations still remain uncharacterized. However and regardless of the vast amount of information that daily emerges, only few efforts have been carried out to systematically record all the mitochondrial tRNA-associated pathogenic mutations or polymorphisms. In this report, we summarize all the clinical phenotypes associated with mitochondrial tRNA pathogenic mutations that have been reported so far. In a next step we describe in detail all the pathogenic and polymorphic mutations that have been recorded so far and we categorize them per tRNA species and per associated disease. Finally, we discuss the impact of the frequency of mitochondrial tRNA mutations in general population surveys and we preview any relevant implications on the essential functional integrity of mitochondrial biochemical pathways.
Cross platform approach for mobile application development: A survey

Nowadays, the use of mobile technologies is rising at an alarming scale. Due to this, more powerful and efficient mobile applications are needed in order to keep up with this trend. Since there exists several mobile platforms (iOS, Android, etc.), each one with different SDK (Software Development Kit) tools and specific development capabilities, application development becomes more complicated and expensive. The challenge is to come up with a solution that allows us to deploy in different platforms using a single SDK tool and maintaining the same performance as the native application. A suitable solution is cross-platform. In this paper, we present a survey of cross-platform creation approaches with an emphasis on the MDA (Model Driven Architecture) approach as it is one of the most promising cross platform approaches. We also identify and discuss the main desirable requirements of any cross-platform technology.
VAiRoma: A Visual Analytics System for Making Sense of Places, Times, and Events in Roman History

Learning and gaining knowledge of Roman history is an area of interest for students and citizens at large. This is an example of a subject with great sweep (with many interrelated sub-topics over, in this case, a 3,000 year history) that is hard to grasp by any individual and, in its full detail, is not available as a coherent story. In this paper, we propose a visual analytics approach to construct a data driven view of Roman history based on a large collection of Wikipedia articles. Extracting and enabling the discovery of useful knowledge on events, places, times, and their connections from large amounts of textual data has always been a challenging task. To this aim, we introduce VAiRoma, a visual analytics system that couples state-of-the-art text analysis methods with an intuitive visual interface to help users make sense of events, places, times, and more importantly, the relationships between them. VAiRoma goes beyond textual content exploration, as it permits users to compare, make connections, and externalize the findings all within the visual interface. As a result, VAiRoma allows users to learn and create new knowledge regarding Roman history in an informed way. We evaluated VAiRoma with 16 participants through a user study, with the task being to learn about roman piazzas through finding relevant articles and new relationships. Our study results showed that the VAiRoma system enables the participants to find more relevant articles and connections compared to Web searches and literature search conducted in a roman library. Subjective feedback on VAiRoma was also very positive. In addition, we ran two case studies that demonstrate how VAiRoma can be used for deeper analysis, permitting the rapid discovery and analysis of a small number of key documents even when the original collection contains hundreds of thousands of documents.
Assessment of security and vulnerability of home wireless networks

Wireless networks are being used in homes far more extensively than ever before. With the growth of the Internet, coupled with wireless devices such as laptops and Wi-Fi enabled phones, their usage has increased greatly. This project discovered the security trends in the home wireless market by collecting data directly from the source. This information, when analysed, provided an overview of wireless local area networks and the lack of security used. The findings were then used to create a set of recommendations and how it is believed the current system is failing to provide the safety measures needed to ensure that users stay secure while utilizing wireless networks within the home.
Choline kinase‐α protein and phosphatidylcholine but not phosphocholine are required for breast cancer cell survival

High levels of total choline and phosphocholine (PC) are consistently observed in aggressive cancers. Choline kinase (Chk) catalyzes choline phosphorylation to produce PC in phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) biosynthesis. PtdCho is the most abundant phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes and plays a dual role as the structural component of membranes and as a substrate to produce lipid second messengers such as phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol. Chk‐α, but not Chk‐β, is overexpressed in various cancers, and is closely associated with tumor progression and invasiveness. We have previously shown that downregulation of mRNA using small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Chk‐α (siRNA‐Chk) or Chk short hairpin RNA, and the resultant decrease of Chk‐α protein levels, significantly reduced proliferation in breast cancer cells and tumors. A novel potent and selective small‐molecule Chk‐α inhibitor, V‐11‐0711, that inhibits the catalytic activity of Chk has recently been developed. Here, we used triple negative MDA‐MB‐231 and SUM149 breast cancer cells to further investigate the role of Chk‐α in cancer, by examining Chk‐α protein levels, cell viability/proliferation, choline phospholipid and lipid metabolism, lipid droplet formation, and apoptosis, following treatment with V‐11‐0711. Under the conditions used in this study, treatment with V‐11‐0711 significantly decreased PC levels but did not reduce cell viability as long as Chk‐α protein and PtdCho levels were not reduced, suggesting that Chk‐α protein and PtdCho, but not PC, may be crucial for breast cancer cell survival. These data also support the approach of antitumor strategies that destabilize Chk‐α protein or downregulate PtdCho in breast cancer treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AHA Scientific Statement Clinician's Guide to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Adults A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Exercise testing remains a remarkably durable and versatile tool that provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information regarding patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Exercise testing has been available for more than a half century and, like many other cardiovascular procedures, has evolved in its technology and scope. When combined with exercise testing, adjunctive imaging modalities offer greater diagnostic accuracy, additional information regarding cardiac structure and function, and additional prognostic information. Similarly, the addition of ventilatory gas exchange measurements during exercise testing provides a wide array of unique and clinically useful incremental information that heretofore has been poorly understood and underutilized by the practicing clinician. The reasons for this are many and include the requirement for additional equipment (cardiopulmonary exercise testing [CPX] systems), personnel who are proficient in the administration and interpretation of these tests, limited or absence of training of cardiovascular specialists and limited training by pulmonary specialists in this technique, and the lack of understanding of the value of CPX by practicing clinicians. Modern CPX systems allow for the analysis of gas exchange at rest, during exercise, and during recovery and yield
The Errors of Our Ways

Errors don't exist in our data, but they serve a vital function. Reality is complicated, but our models need to be simple in order to be manageable. We assume that attributes are invariant over some conditions of observation, and once we do that we need some way of accounting for the variability in observed scores over these conditions of observation. We relegate this inconvenient variability to errors of measurement. The seriousness of errors of measurement depends on the intended interpretations and uses of the scores and the context in which they are used. Errors are too large if they interfere with the intended interpretations and uses, and otherwise are acceptable. The errors of measurement have to be small compared to the tolerance for error, and errors that are too large have to be controlled in some way. We have several ways of doing this. We can redefine the attribute of interest, we can standardize the assessments and leave the attribute alone, and/or we can sample the relevant performance domain more thoroughly. It is particularly important to control the larger sources of error. If a source of error (systematic or random) is small compared to the dominant sources of error for a testing procedure, it can generally be ignored.
Movement of airborne contaminants in a hospital isolation room

We analyse the characteristics of a force-ventilated isolation room, and the contributions to transport caused by the movement of people and doors opening/closing. The spread of fine droplets and particles can be understood, to leading order, by considering the movement of passive contaminants. A scaled (1:10) model of an isolation room (with water instead of air) was used to analyse the dilution of a passive contaminant (food dye), released either instantaneously or at a constant rate. The high level of turbulence, typical of isolation rooms, ensures that the dye concentration is uniform within the model room and mixing is perfect, and the measured mean concentration can be predicted theoretically. In a second series of experiments, the exchange generated by a door opening/closing is measured for different opening angles. A dipolar vortex is generated at the tip of the door which moves into the centre of the room, with a large coherent structure moving along the wall. The exchange volume is comparable to the swept volume of the door. Larger droplets and particles do not move passively. Their movement within a turbulent flow is studied by combining a Lagrangian model of particle movement with a kinematic simulation of a pseudo turbulent flow. The results show that while the mean fall velocity of particles is largely unchanged, turbulence significantly enhances horizontal and vertical dispersion. The horizontal spread as a function of the level of turbulence and droplet properties is estimated. The conclusions from both studies are brought together and discussed in the context of the airborne spread of contaminants within a general hospital room.
RESEARCHING OF RANKING HANDBALL REFEREES' JOB SATISFACTION LEVELS IN TERMS OF SOME PARAMETERS

This research has been conducted in order to determine the job satisfaction levels of the ranking referees in terms of some parameters (sex, age, marital status, income states, other profession, and refereeing period). This research is a descriptive study towards the review of job satisfaction levels of Handball ranking referees. Referees take charge in 2010-11 season in Turkish leagues constitute the population of the research. Accordingly 107 Ranking referees under Turkish Handball Federation constitute the sample of the research. SPSS package program was used for the statistical analyses. Measuring tool is constituted of two sections. In first section a test directed towards to determine the demographical features of the referees while in second section “Minnesota job satisfaction scale” was used. Validity and reliability studies were made (cronbach alpha =0.70). It was determined that statistically there is not a significant gap between the job satisfaction levels of the referees according to their sex, marital status, ranking position, refereeing periods and income status; and statistically there is a significant gap between their job satisfaction levels according to their ages. Increase of job satisfaction with the increase of age, increase of the experience, awards, rise of refereeing ranking and coalescence with the job are considered to be the factors for the existence of such difference. Income levels of the majority of the referees are seen to be at intermediate level.
Research of Cryptographic Algorithms Applied in Electronic Commerce

With the developments of network communication, electronic commerce plays a more and more role in the trade business and industry structure. The requirement for the electronic commerce turns to be higher. In this study, we study current status about the cryptographic algorithms exploited in electronic commerce. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages about the symmetric and asymmetric algorithms and improve them. Then we give a new scheme that combines the improved symmetric algorithm and asymmetric algorithm. We give sound reasons to explain why our scheme is more secure. Finally, we carry the experiments to show the security of our scheme.
Multicultural Citizenship and Religiosity: Young Australian Muslims Forging a Sense of Belonging after 9/11

This article investigates the role religiosity plays in the ways young Australian Muslims enact themselves as citizens in a context in which their right to belong to the political community is often seriously questioned. Australian responses to 9/11, 7/7 and the Cronulla Riots have relied on an understanding of Muslim youth identity that sees young Muslims' religiosity primarily as a barrier to the development of good citizenship practices. Against this backdrop, this article explores the ways in which religiosity informs the everyday acts of citizenship through which young Muslims challenge dominant narratives of citizenship. Drawing on an ethnographic study of two Melbourne-based Shia youth groups, I look at the subjective accounts of multicultural citizenship that youth group members shared in the course of the groups' weekly activities. In doing so, I draw particular attention to the role religion plays in the imaginative ways young Australian Muslims fashion themselves into citizens.
Die Schweizer Minarett-Initiative im Spiegel von Facebook: eine Analyse der Diskussionen vor der Abstimmung 2009

Kulturelle, religiöse und sprachliche Heterogenität führt in Gesellschaften vermehrt zu Begeg-nungen mit zuvor Unbekanntem, das bei vielen Menschen Ängste auslöst. Kampagnen gegen die muslimische Bevölkerung in Europa, wie die Minarett-Initiative in der Schweiz
Chromosome Karyotypes of Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia and E. purpurea.

Chromosome karyotypes of the most commonly cultivated and medicinally used Echinacea taxa, E. angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia and E. purpurea (L.) Moench. , were analyzed. The chromosomes of both taxa are medium in length, ranging from 4.12 to 5.83 μm in E. angustifolia var. angustifolia and 3.99 to 6.08 μm in E. purpurea. No abrupt length changes in the chromosomes were noted. The karyotypes of the two species are generally similar, but a distinguishable feature exists in one pair of chromosomes. The centromere of chromosome pair 10 is subterminally located in E. purpurea, but terminally located in E. angustifolia var. angustifolia, which can be readily recognized in mitotic metaphase cell plates. This finding may provide useful information for Echinacea evolutionary, genetic, and breeding studies.
SLUA: Towards Semantic Linking of Users with Actions in Crowdsourcing

Recent advances in web technologies allow people to help solve complex problems by performing online tasks in return for money, learning, or fun. At present, human contribution is limited to the tasks defined on individual crowdsourcing platforms. Furthermore, there is a lack of tools and technologies that support matching of tasks with appropriate users, across multiple systems. A more explicit capture of the semantics of crowdsourcing tasks could enable the design and development of matchmaking services between users and tasks. The paper presents the SLUA ontology that aims to model users and tasks in crowdsourcing systems in terms of the relevant actions, capabilities, and rewards. This model describes different types of human tasks that help in solving complex problems using crowds. The paper provides examples of describing users and tasks in some real world systems, with SLUA ontology.
WNK1 and p38-MAPK distribution in ionocytes and accessory cells of euryhaline teleost fish implies ionoregulatory function

ABSTRACT Ionocytes of euryhaline teleost fish secrete NaCl, under regulation by serine and threonine kinases, including with-no-lysine kinase (WNK1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus L.) were acclimated to freshwater (FW), full strength seawater (SW) and hypersaline conditions (2SW). Immunocytochemistry of ionocytes in opercular epithelia of fish acclimated to SW and 2SW revealed that WNK1-anti-pT58 phosphoantibody localized strongly to accessory cells and was present in the cytosol of ionocytes, close to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the apical membrane and the sodium potassium 2 chloride cotransporter (NKCC) in the basolateral membrane. In FW acclimated fish, WNK1 localized to a sub-apical zone, did not colocalize with apical membrane-located sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC), and typically was present in one cell of paired ionocytes and in some single ionocytes. Forskolin treatment (10 μM, 30 min) increased WNK1 immunofluorescence in SW ionocytes only, while hypertonicity had little effect, compared to controls. Anti-p38-MAPK antibody localized to the cytosolic compartment. The distribution of WNK1 and p38MAPK is consistent with a proximal position in regulatory cascades, rather than directly affecting transporters. The strong staining of accessory cells by WNK1 phosphoantibody infers an osmoregulatory function for WNK. Summary: Fish opercular epithelium ionocytes and accessory cells have WNK family kinases that may regulate paracellular and transcellular ion transport.
Locating Amazonian Dark Earths: Creating an interactive GIS of known locations

Amazonian Dark Earths are anthropogenic organic-rich highly fertile soils found in relatively small patches throughout the Amazon Basin. These soils are gaining considerable attention given the relative lower fertility of the majority of Amazonian soils in which they are embedded because of their improved agricultural potential and also because of their links to Amazonian pre-colonial history. Because of their small individual extent and local nature, documenting where these soils are located in the Amazon is a challenging task. Few comprehensive maps exist, and some locations are only approximate. In this article we present an interactive GIS in which we have tried to consolidate all known locations of ADEs to date, and to note for each location a level of accuracy and specificity of both the soil and its location. This is necessary as many older sources of locations are historical and give only an approximation of where they are. For more recent ADE citations, the geo-referenced location is given when available. The source citation is given for each location on the map, making this interactive GIS at once also a bibliography of Amazonian Dark Earth locations. We also discuss the selection of the cited locations, the creation of the GIS, and reflect on the potential uses of the resource. We acknowledge that the GIS is a work in progress, and we anticipate keeping it updated as more materials are published and otherwise made available.
Functions and Mechanisms of Sleep

Sleep is a complex physiological process that is regulated globally, regionally, and locally by both cellular and molecular mechanisms. It occurs to some extent in all animals, although sleep expression in lower animals may be co-extensive with rest. Sleep regulation plays an intrinsic part in many behavioral and physiological functions. Currently, all researchers agree there is no single physiological role sleep serves. Nevertheless, it is quite evident that sleep is essential for many vital functions including development, energy conservation, brain waste clearance, modulation of immune responses, cognition, performance, vigilance, disease, and psychological state. This review details the physiological processes involved in sleep regulation and the possible functions that sleep may serve. This description of the brain circuitry, cell types, and molecules involved in sleep regulation is intended to further the reader’s understanding of the functions of sleep.