Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malocclusions and Dental Diseases in Privately Owned Horses in the Mazovia Region of Poland

Simple Summary Dental care is an integral part of equine veterinary practice and has a significant impact on the welfare and body condition score of horses. Regular and detailed examination of the oral cavity allows for diagnosis of malocclusions and dental disease and the implementation of appropriate treatment. As predispositions for individual dental diseases differ among horse populations and age groups, this study aims to characterize the prevalence and frequency distribution of selected malocclusions and dental diseases among horses housed in the Mazovia region of Poland, using the prevalence and frequency distribution of selected malocclusions and dental diseases. Routine veterinary dental examinations were carried out on 206 horses, and the presenting signs of specific malocclusions and dental diseases were recorded for the incisor, canine, wolf, premolar, and molar teeth. Ninety-five percent of examined horses presented with a dental disorder in at least one tooth, with malocclusions more prevalent than dental disease in the incisors, premolars, and molars alike. Curvatures and calculus were the most commonly reported pathologies in incisor teeth, whereas sharp enamel points and caries predominated in cheek teeth. Abstract Dental disorders, a term encompassing both malocclusion and dental disease, constitute a serious health problem in horses worldwide. As horse populations differ among countries and regions, a geographically specific characterization of the occurrence of various dental disorders may be helpful for local equine practitioners. This study investigated the prevalence and frequency distribution of selected malocclusions and dental diseases in horses housed in the Mazovia region of Poland, with attention paid to variations among age, gender, and breed categories. Routine dental examinations were conducted on 206 privately owned horses (n = 206). Disorders were recorded using a dental chart and classified as either malocclusions or dental diseases. Out of all examined horses, 95% demonstrated at least one dental disorder, with a roughly equal distribution of these disorders among incisor teeth (31%) and cheek teeth (31% each for premolars and molars). More specifically, there were disorders noted in 14 incisors, 3 canines, 2 wolf teeth, and 15 cheek teeth. Across all age, gender, and breed groups, malocclusions of incisor, premolar, and molar teeth occurred with a higher prevalence than did dental diseases. Curvatures and calculus were the most commonly reported pathologies in incisor teeth, whereas sharp enamel points and caries predominated in cheek teeth.
Motion planning in connected sums of real projective spaces

The topological complexity ${\sf TC}(X)$ is a homotopy invariant of a topological space $X$, motivated by robotics, and providing a measure of the navigational complexity of $X$. The topological complexity of a connected sum of real projective planes, that is, a high genus nonorientable surface, is known to be maximal. We use algebraic tools to show that the analogous result holds for connected sums of higher dimensional real projective spaces.
The two definitions of the index difference

Given two metrics of positive scalar curvature metrics on a closed spin manifold, there is a secondary index invariant in real $K$-theory. There exist two definitions of this invariant, one of homotopical flavour, the other one defined by a index problem of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer type. We give a complete and detailed proof of the folklore result that both constructions yield the same answer. Moreover, we generalize this to the case of two families of positive scalar curvature metrics, parametrized by a compact space. In essence, we prove a generalization of the classical "spectral-flow-index theorem" to the case of families of real operators.
Perceived Constraints on Active Recreational Sport Participation among Residents in Urban China

Recreational sport participation is an important pathway to improving the quality of life. While facilities for recreational sports are provided in many urban areas in China, how urban residents might be aware of or use these facilities for recreational sport participation is still a vague notion in the literature. This study explored the linkages between perceived leisure constraints and active participation in recreational sports among urban residents. We collected data samples from 2901 urban residents in China to identify their perceived constraints and the effects of the perceived constraints on active recreational sport participation by structural equation models. Five perceived constraints of active recreational sport participation were identified: intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental condition, facility-service management, and leisure opportunity constraints. More specifically, leisure opportunity, intrapersonal, facility-service management, and interpersonal constraints were the four most important constraints limiting active recreational sport participation of urban residents. Theoretical and practical implications to facilitate the active recreational sport participation of Chinese urban residents were discussed.
Projective structures and $\rho$-connections

We extend T. Y. Thomas's approach to the projective structures, over the complex analytic category, by involving the $\rho$-connections. This way, a better control of the projective flatness is obtained and, consequently, we have, for example, the following application: if the twistor space of a quaternionic manifold $P$ is endowed with a complex projective structure then $P$ can be locally identified, through quaternionic diffeomorphisms, with the quaternionic projective space.
Working Conditions of Indonesian Remote Elementary School Teachers: A Qualitative Case Study in Southern Papua

The quality of the teaching-learning process is determined not only by the qualifications and competence of teachers, but also by the school conditions in which they work. Teachers are clear about the working conditions that they need for them to be successful with students. A better working condition improves mood and concentration and provides an excellent working approach for teachers. This case study was intended to learn what working conditions teachers note as challenging while teaching in the remote elementary schools of Southern Papua. Seventeen teachers were willing to be interviewed to assist in answering the main inquiry question: “What are the most concerning aspects of working conditions that the remote elementary school teachers in Southern Papua have to deal with? ” The study found four aspects of working conditions facing the remote elementary school teachers of Southern Papua, Indonesia, as the following: (a) school physical facilities and resources, (b) school principal, (c) salary and allowance, and (d) parents’ support and involvement. From the results, we recommend the need for the regional government of Southern Papua, Indonesia, to create and maintain good conditions for teachers to remain teaching the youth of nations in a quality manner.
Iridium-Catalyzed and pH-Dependent Reductions of Nitroalkenes to Ketones

A highly chemoselective conversion of α,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes to ketones is developed. An acid-compatible iridium catalyst serves as the key to the conversion. At a 2500 S/C ratio, nitroalkenes were readily converted to ketones in up to 72% isolated yields. A new mechanistic mode involving the reduction of nitroalkene to nitrosoalkene and N-alkenyl hydroxylamine is proposed. This conversion is ready to amplify to a gram-scale synthesis. The pH value plays an indispensable role in controlling the chemoselectivity.
Average Length of Cycles in Rectangular Lattice

We study the number of cycles and their average length in $L\times N$ lattice by using classical method of transfer matrix. In this work, we derive a bivariate generating function $G_3(y, z)$ in which a coefficient of $y^i z^j$ is the number of cycles of length $i$ in $3\times j$ lattice. By using the bivariate generating function, we show that the average length of cycles in $3\times N$ lattice is $\alpha N + \beta + o(1)$ where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are some algebraic numbers approximately equal to 3.166 and 0.961, respectively. We argue generalizations of this method for $L\ge 4$, and obtain a generating function of the number of cycles in $L\times N$ lattice for $L$ up to 7.
Flow Fairness With Core-Stateless Resource Sharing in Arbitrary Topology

Resource sharing is of utmost importance in networking environments where substantial overprovisioning is economically infeasible. Different centralized solutions have recently been proposed for Wide Area Networks, Access Aggregation Networks and other closed networking domains, relying on different ideas from exploiting the capabilities of Software Defined Networking for dynamically allocating bandwidth among flows or other traffic aggregates, to moving bottlenecks from the network to a single location (e.g., a gateway node). In contrast to centralized solutions, core-stateless resource sharing proposals have also emerged, solving the resource allocation problem in a distributed way. In this paper, we focus on the network-wide behavior of a recent core-stateless resource sharing proposal called Per Packet Value (PPV). In PPV, each traffic aggregate is represented by a distribution of values carried by the packets. The distribution is used to express the resource sharing policy. We provide a theoretical analysis of PPV and show that it solves the generalized max-min fair allocation problem in arbitrary topology. PPV has provable convergence in case of both scalable and non-scalable congestion control behaviors. To validate the theoretical results under various network conditions, thorough simulations have been carried out in networks with real-world topology. The method assumes congestion controlled sources since non-responsive UDP flows can generate dead packets taking bandwidth away from well-behaving flows. To remedy the problem of dead packets, we propose a lightweight core-stateless policer method that can autonomously rule the resource usage of unfriendly flows, reducing the effect of dead packets in the system.
Universal Single-Mode Lasing in Fully Chaotic Billiard Lasers

By numerical simulations and experiments of fully chaotic billiard lasers, we show that single-mode lasing states are stable, whereas multi-mode lasing states are unstable when the size of the billiard is much larger than the wavelength and the external pumping power is sufficiently large. On the other hand, for integrable billiard lasers, it is shown that multi-mode lasing states are stable, whereas single-mode lasing states are unstable. These phenomena arise from the combination of two different nonlinear effects of mode-interaction due to the active lasing medium and deformation of the billiard shape. Investigations of billiard lasers with various shapes revealed that single-mode lasing is a universal phenomenon for fully chaotic billiard lasers.
A product structure on Generating Family Cohomology for Legendrian Submanifolds

One way to obtain invariants of some Legendrian submanifolds in 1-jet spaces $J^1M$, equipped with the standard contact structure, is through the Morse theoretic technique of generating families. This paper extends the invariant of generating family cohomology by giving it a product $\mu_2$. To define the product, moduli spaces of flow trees are constructed and shown to have the structure of a smooth manifold with corners. These spaces consist of intersecting half-infinite gradient trajectories of functions whose critical points correspond to Reeb chords of the Legendrian. This paper lays the foundation for an $A_\infty$ algebra which will show, in particular, that $\mu_2$ is associative and thus gives generating family cohomology a ring structure.
Almost surely constrained convex optimization

We propose a stochastic gradient framework for solving stochastic composite convex optimization problems with (possibly) infinite number of linear inclusion constraints that need to be satisfied almost surely. We use smoothing and homotopy techniques to handle constraints without the need for matrix-valued projections. We show for our stochastic gradient algorithm $\mathcal{O}(\log(k)/\sqrt{k})$ convergence rate for general convex objectives and $\mathcal{O}(\log(k)/k)$ convergence rate for restricted strongly convex objectives. These rates are known to be optimal up to logarithmic factors, even without constraints. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm with numerical experiments on basis pursuit, a hard margin support vector machines and a portfolio optimization and show that our algorithm achieves state-of-the-art practical performance.
MCT1 plays crucial roles in conidiation, lactate metabolism and pathogenicity in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Abstract Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play vital roles in carbon source assimilation, drug resistance and virulence. However, the underlying function of MCTs in fungal pathogenesis and development has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we identified and characterized the monocarboxylate transporter gene MCT1 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is the causal agent of Glomerella leaf spot of apple. Mct1 is localized to the mitochondria and may mediate the uptake of lactate to the cell. However, MCT1 was constitutively expressed but showed an enhanced expression level in response to the presence of the extracellular lactate. Our results indicate that Mct1 plays a role in the metabolism of lactate. More importantly, the Δmct1 mutant showed significantly poor conidiation and a defect in host infection. Taken together, our studies provide evidence for Mct1 as a mitochondrial transmembrane protein mediating conidiation, the metabolism of lactate, and the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides.
On the Hikami–Inoue conjecture

Given a braid presentation $D$ of a hyperbolic knot, Hikami and Inoue consider a system of polynomial equations arising from a sequence of cluster mutations determined by $D$. They show that any solution gives rise to shape parameters and thus determines a boundary-parabolic $\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-representation of the knot group. They conjecture the existence of a solution corresponding to the geometric representation. In this paper, we show that a boundary-parabolic representation $\rho$ arises from a solution if and only if the length of $D$ modulo $2$ equals the obstruction to lifting $\rho$ to a boundary-parabolic $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-representation (as an element in $\mathbb{Z}_2$). In particular, the Hikami-Inoue conjecture holds if and only if the length of $D$ is odd. This can always be achieved by adding a kink to the braid if necessary. We also explicitly construct the solution corresponding to a boundary-parabolic representation given in the Wirtinger presentation of the knot group.
Spectra, Hitting Times and Resistance Distances of q- Subdivision Graphs

Graph operations or products play an important role in complex networks. In this paper, we study the properties of $q$-subdivision graphs, which have been applied to model complex networks. For a simple connected graph $G$, its $q$-subdivision graph $S_q(G)$ is obtained from $G$ through replacing every edge $uv$ in $G$ by $q$ disjoint paths of length 2, with each path having $u$ and $v$ as its ends. We derive explicit formulas for many quantities of $S_q(G)$ in terms of those corresponding to $G$, including the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of normalized adjacency matrix, two-node hitting time, Kemeny constant, two-node resistance distance, Kirchhoff index, additive degree-Kirchhoff index, and multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index. We also study the properties of the iterated $q$-subdivision graphs, based on which we obtain the closed-form expressions for a family of hierarchical lattices, which has been used to describe scale-free fractal networks.
Exosomes as Novel Delivery Systems for Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Exosomes, as gifts of nature derived from various cell types with a size range from ~40 to 160 nm in diameter, have gained attention recently. They are composed of a lipid membrane bilayer structure containing different constituents, such as surface ligands and receptors, from the parental cells. Originating from a variety of sources, exosomes have the ability to participate in a diverse range of biological processes, including the regulation of cellular communication. On account of their ideal native structure and characteristics, exosomes are taken into account as drug delivery systems (DDSs). They can provide profound effects on conveying therapeutic agents with great advantages, including specific targeting, high biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Further, they can also be considered to ameliorate natural compounds, the main constituents of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which are usually ignored due to the complexity of their structures, poor stability, and unclear mechanisms of action. This review summarizes the classification of exosomes as well as the research progress on exosome-based DDSs for the treatment of different diseases in TCM. Furthermore, this review discusses the advantages and challenges faced by exosomes to contribute to their further investigation and application.
Superunitary Representations of Heisenberg Supergroups

Numerous Lie supergroups do not admit superunitary representations (SURs) except the trivial one, for example, Heisenberg and orthosymplectic supergroups in mixed signature. To avoid this situation, we introduce in this paper a broader definition of SUR, relying on a new definition of Hilbert superspace. The latter is inspired by the notion of Krein space and was developed initially for noncommutative supergeometry. For Heisenberg supergroups, this new approach yields a smooth generalization, whatever the signature, of the unitary representation theory of the classical Heisenberg group. First, we obtain Schrödinger-like representations by quantizing generic coadjoint orbits. They satisfy the new definition of irreducible SURs and serve as ground to the main result of this paper: a generalized Stone–von Neumann theorem. Then, we obtain the superunitary dual and build a group Fourier transformation, satisfying Parseval theorem. We eventually show that metaplectic representations, which extend Schrödinger-like representations to metaplectic supergroups, also fit into this definition of SURs.
Regulation Capacity Assessment for Electrical Heating Loads Based on SSA-DBP Neural Network

Quantitative assessment of regulation capacity of a single electric heating load is an important prerequisite for mining the regulation potential of electric heating load. In order to effectively enhance the evaluation accuracy, a Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) optimized Dynamic BP Neural Network (DBP) method is raised to evaluate the regulation capacity of each individual electric heating load. The SSA can dynamically choose the amount of DBP hidden layer nodes according to the different evaluation accuracy, and the DBP was trained to output the evaluation results. The simulation example verifies that, compared with the first-order equivalent thermal parameters (ETP) model, the proposed evaluation method can more truly reflect the regulation ability of a single electric heating load and improve the credibility of the evaluation results.
Coupling Coordination and Dynamic Response Analysis of New-Type Urbanization, Urban Infrastructure and Urban Environment—A Case Study of the Jiaodong Economic Circle

The process of urban development in China is that cities retain independent administrative divisions, realize inter-regional urban integration, and then establish metropolitan areas; this process has high requirements for the coordinated development of cities. China’s cities still need to receive approximately 300 million people in the future, and these urban populations are mainly planned in the emerging metropolitan area. In order to clarify the problems and development of the direction of China’s emerging megalopolis in the process of building a framework for carrying urban population, and to provide reference for China’s urbanization process, the entropy weight method–coupling coordination degree model–panel vector autoregression model (EWM-CCDM-PVAR) is constructed to measure the development level, coupling coordination degree and dynamic response relationship of NTU-UI-UE in the Jiaodong Economic Circle. First, the development level of new-type urbanization and urban infrastructure in the Jiaodong Economic Circle has been steadily improved, but regional differences have been expanding year by year. The urban environment of most cities in the Jiaodong Economic Circle is deteriorating. Second, the CCD level of NTU-UI-UE in the Jiaodong Economic Circle is on the rise, but the CCD level of NTU-UI-UE in Weifang and Yantai is only a Moderate-coupling coordination type, and the development within the region is uneven. Third, both NTU-UI and UI-UE in the Jiaodong Economic Circle have established a dynamic response relationship of mutual promotion, but NTU-UE has a dynamic response relationship of mutual inhibition. Fourth, despite different problems, the Jiaodong Economic Circle has made certain achievements in the process of regional integration and has initially formed a metropolitan circle pattern with Qingdao as its core, Weifang as its west center, Yantai and Weihai as its north center and Rizhao as its south center.
A Single-Phase Low Cost, Compact/High Power Density Portable EV Charger for High Voltage EV Battery Packs with Weak/Strong Grid Operation Capability

This paper presents a grid interactive portable single phase EV charger for EVs with high voltage battery packs, especially terminal voltage lies between 280–500 V range. Furthermore, the EV charger is capable to work under both strong/weak grid scenarios while maintaining total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current as per the IEEE 519–2014 and IEC-61000-3-2 standards during complete charging profile. It incorporates single phase Vienna rectifier as an active power factor correction (APFC) stage, and full bridge LLC converter (FB-LLC) as isolation stage. The control of APFC stage allows the front-end converter operation without any reflection in grid angle under weak grid conditions due to presence of harmonics, DC offset and frequency/phase drift in grid voltage. It is because of grid faults, non-linearities of power electronics interfaces in distributed power generation and sensor anomalies. For this, frequency fixed second order generalized integrator (FF-SOGI) based synchronous reference frame-based phase locked loop (SRF-PLL) is utilized. Along with that a low pass filter (LPF) is used in SOGI to eliminate the DC offset in grid voltage. The intermediate split DC link voltage is actively regulated in conjunction with the variation in battery terminal voltage, which provides active tracking of zero voltage switching (ZVS) operating region over variation in battery terminal voltage while charging. A detailed design procedure of tank circuit parameters of FB-LLC converter is shown to ensure the converter operation within safe operating region with ZVS ON, limited turn-off losses and lower di/dt at secondary side diodes, over complete charging profile. For this, a 3.3 kW system is designed and simulated to validate the effectiveness of the claimed benefits.
Mahler's work on the geometry of numbers

Mahler has written many papers on the geometry of numbers. Arguably, his most influential achievements in this area are his compactness theorem for lattices, his work on star bodies and their critical lattices, and his estimates for the successive minima of reciprocal convex bodies and compound convex bodies. We give a, by far not complete, overview of Mahler's work on these topics and their impact.