Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TOWARD AN INTEGRATION OF PIAGET AND VYGOTSKY: BILINGUAL CONSIDERATIONS

The unprejudiced study of human development reveals the urgent need for a more integrated understanding ofthat phenomenon. On the one hand, we have a detailed and concise map of the biologically rooted process of maturation in its evolution toward epistemic competence in the works of Jean Piaget. On the other hand, we have a penetrating analysis of how specific cultural-historical conditions give unique direction and meaning to that evolution in the works of Lev Vygotsky. Theoretical integration of these two works in spirit or in kind would provide a more balanced view of the developing child, one more in keeping with empirical and phenomenological evidences. Efforts large and small have been made to bring about this necessary unity [e.g., Werner (1926) Merleau-Ponty (1945) Politzer (1947) Wallon (1947) Luria and Yudovich (1959) Church (1961) Payne (1968) Wozniak (1972) Riegel (1973) Bain (1973) Schmidt (1973)]. The purpose of this paper is to offer a small insight into a possible direction which such a theoretical integration might take by presenting two studies on the course of development when children are raised and schooled in a bilingual manner.
Trends in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The large number of publications related to PAH reflects this interest. As a result, in contrast to 15 yrs ago, there are now at least seven different drugs as specific therapy targeting the pulmonary circulation that are approved for use in the USA and European Union, with some of them also approved for use in Canada, Japan, Australia and in some countries in Latin America. These medications have proved to increase exercise capacity [1–5], haemodynamics [2, 3, 6], quality of life [7–9] and even survival [5]. Nevertheless, there is still room for further improvements, since the mortality rate remains significantly high [10, 11]. Haemodynamically, PAH is characterised by progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, as a consequence of vascular remodelling within the pre-capillary territory, leading to right ventricular failure and, eventually, death [12]; numerically, this is translated to the presence of a mean pulmonary artery pressure >25 mmHg, with normal pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (<15 mmHg) [13]. This definition, although extremely important for the proper characterisation of a pre-capillary impairment, might be misleading when focusing on specific patients or, more properly, specific forms of PAH. The most recent published nomenclature for pulmonary hypertension date from 2003 [13], and despite the fact that it has been recently revised (at the International Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension, held in Dana Point, CA, USA, in the first quarter of 2008) it still includes in group 1 (PAH) several diseases that share the haemodynamic profile of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension but present a completely distinct clinical course, such as idiopathic PAH, scleroderma-associated PAH and portopulmonary hypertension [10, 14, …
Dynamic adaptive pre-tenuring

In a generational garbage collector, a pre-tenured object is one that is allocated directly in the old generation. Pre-tenuring long-lived objects reduces the number of times that they are scanned or copied during garbage collection. Previous work has investigated pre-tenuring based on off-line analysis of execution traces. This paper builds on that work by presenting a dynamic technique in which the decision to pre-tenure a particular kind of object is taken at run-time. This allows decisions to depend on the inputs of a particular application run and also allows decisions to be changed as the application enters different phases. An implementation is presented for the Research VM Java Virtual Machine.
Computer Anxiety and Student Teachers: antecedent and intervention

Abstract We argue in this article that student teachers’ anxiety about computers can be properly understood only through an examination of cultural and historical antecedents concerning fears of technology. This perspective provides us with a context to examine the development, implementation and evaluation of a computer education course for student teachers over a 2‐year period. The results of the evaluation indicate that the methods adopted have been successful in promoting computer literacy and reducing computer anxiety. The empirically‐based approach to course development and evaluation adopted in this study provides a model for other tertiary educators.
Genetic Variation in the Androgen Receptor Gene and Endometrial Cancer Risk

Genetic variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene may be associated with endometrial cancer risk based on the role of AR in regulating androgen levels. However, endometrial cancer studies reported inconsistent associations for a CAG repeat polymorphism in exon 1. Only one of these studies measured haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) in AR and found statistically nonsignificant, decreased associations with endometrial cancer risk. In a population-based case-control study of 497 cases and 1,024 controls, we examined the CAG repeat polymorphism and six htSNPs (rs962458, rs6152, rs1204038, rs2361634, rs1337080, and rs1337082), which cover an estimated 80% of the known common variation in AR among Caucasian populations. CAG repeat length was not significantly associated with endometrial cancer [odds ratio per unit increase in the average number of repeats, 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.08); Ptrend = 0.29]. Minor alleles in three correlated htSNPs (rs6152, rs1204038, and rs1337082; r2 >0.6) were associated with increased risk for endometrial cancer. The strongest association was observed for rs6152, with the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) being 1.13 (0.89-1.44) for heterozygous and 2.40 (1.28-4.51) for homozygous minor genotypes (Ptrend = 0.02) compared with homozygous major allele genotype. However, these associations were not statistically significant after permutation adjustment for multiple comparisons (Ptrend > 0.09). Haplotype analyses did not reveal any additional associations with endometrial cancer. Results from our study, taken together with previously published studies, provide little evidence of a consistent association between common genetic variation in AR and endometrial cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):585–9)
Embodying social class

English Poverty, income inequality and the inequitable distribution of health invariably co-occur. The strength of the relationship between wealth and health holds even in countries with universal health care. A systematic literature review describes pathways from inequality of wealth to embodied diseases. The significance for social policy and social work practice is developed. French La pauvreté, l’inégalité de revenus et la distribution inégalitaire de la santé se co-produisent invariablement. Le pouvoir de la relation entre richesse et santé s’exerce même dans des pays pourvus d’une couverture santé universelle. Une revue systématique de la littérature décrit les chemins de l’inégalité de la répartition des richesses dans la prise en charge des maladies. La signification pour la politique sociale et la pratique du travail social sera développée. Spanish Hay una concurrencia invariable entre la pobreza, desigualdad de ingresos, y la distribución desigual de la salud. El fuerte vínculo entre riqueza y salud se mantiene incluso en países donde el cuidado de la salud es universal. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura indica las conexiones entre la desigualdad de riqueza y las enfermedades corporales. Se desarrolla lo significativo de la política social y el trabajo social.
Counteracting the horizontal spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance with conjugative plasmid-dependent bacteriophages

Ojala, Ville Counteracting the horizontal spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance with conjugative plasmid-dependent bacteriophages Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2016, 47 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science ISSN 1456-9701; 317) ISBN 978-951-39-6644-7 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6645-4 (PDF) Yhteenveto: Bakteerien antibioottivastustuskyvyn horisontaalisen leviämisen estäminen konjugatiivisista plasmideista riippuvaisilla bakteriofageilla Diss. For over half a century, antibiotics have played an integral role in modern medicine’s quest to combat bacterium-caused illnesses. However, the extensive use and misuse of these vital drugs has led to the widespread emergence of highly resistant infections with few, or even no, available treatment options. The horizontal transfer of resistance genes via conjugative plasmids is considered the main culprit for the accumulation of multiple resistance determinants to pathogenic bacterial strains. Conjugative plasmids are extrachromosomal selfish genetic entities capable of independent replication and transfer to novel bacterial hosts, and they also routinely code for various host-beneficial traits, such as antibiotic resistance. Given the importance of conjugative plasmids in the global resistance epidemic, we would greatly benefit from having a deeper understanding of the eco-evolutionary factors affecting their spread and maintenance in bacterial communities and also from developing novel anti-conjugation therapeutic strategies, especially since the pipeline of new antibiotics has been virtually dry for decades. In this thesis, it is demonstrated that the conjugative transfer of resistance genes from the surrounding bacterial community can evolutionarily rescue antibioticsusceptible bacteria exposed to an otherwise highly lethal dose of antibiotics. This suggests that the mere establishment of a high therapeutic concentration of antibiotics may not be enough to clear an infection when the targeted pathogens can rapidly acquire resistance from other bacteria via conjugation. However, it was also found that the so-called plasmid-dependent bacteriophages, which are natural enemies of both the conjugative plasmids and their bacterial hosts, can effectively counter the spread of resistance genes between bacteria even in the presence of conjugation-favouring antibiotic selection. Thus, these specialised bacteriophages show potential as future anti-conjugation therapeutic agents.
Execution and observation of bringing a fruit to the mouth affect syllable pronunciation

Kinematic analysis of lip and voice spectrum analysis were used to assess the influence of both execution and observation of arm–mouth‐related actions on speech production. In experiments 1 and 2 participants brought either a cherry or an apple to their mouth and either pronounced the syllable BA (experiment 1) or emitted a nonspeech‐related vocalization (experiment 2). In the other three experiments participants observed arm actions performed by the experimenter and pronounced the syllable BA. In experiment 3, they observed the action of bringing the cherry or apple to the mouth. In experiments 4 and 5, they observed a pantomime of the same action performed by the experimenter with his own arm (experiment 4) or with a nonbiological arm (experiment 5). The results showed that the formant 2 of the vowel ‘a’ increased when participants executed the bringing‐to‐the‐mouth act with the apple or observed its execution or pantomime with the experimenter's arm (experiments 1, 3 and 4). In contrast, no modification in the vowel formants was found during a nonspeech‐related vocalization (experiment 2) and during observation of an action with a nonbiological arm (experiment 5). Finally, the opening of the lips was larger when the participant brought the apple rather than the cherry to the mouth and pronounced BA (experiment 1). Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that the execution and observation of the bringing‐to‐the‐mouth action activate a mouth articulation posture (probably due to the act of food manipulation with the mouth) which selectively influences speech production. They support the idea that the system involved in speech production shares and may derive from the neural substrate which is involved in the control of arm–mouth interactions and, in general, of arm actions.
Spritz: a server for the prediction of intrinsically disordered regions in protein sequences using kernel machines

Intrinsically disordered proteins have long stretches of their polypeptide chain, which do not adopt a single native structure composed of stable secondary and tertiary structure in the absence of binding partners. The prediction of intrinsically disordered regions in proteins from sequence is increasingly becoming of interest, as the presence of many such regions in the complete genome sequences are discovered and important functional roles are associated with them. We have developed a machine learning approach based on two support vector machines (SVM) to discriminate disordered regions from sequence. The SVM are trained and benchmarked on two sets, representing long and short disordered regions. A preliminary version of Spritz was shown to perform consistently well at the recent biannual CASP-6 experiment [Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP), 2004]. The fully developed Spritz method is freely available as a web server at and .
Autologous progenitor cell transplantation: prior exposure to stem cell-toxic drugs determines yield and engraftment of peripheral blood progenitor cell but not of bone marrow grafts.

Agents with stem cell-toxic potential are frequently used for salvage therapy of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Because many patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma are candidates for autologous progenitor cell transplantation, possible toxic effects of salvage chemotherapy on progenitor cells must be taken into account. In a retrospective study, we have analyzed the influence of a salvage regimen containing the stem cell-toxic drugs BCNU and melphalan (Dexa-BEAM) on subsequently harvested bone marrow (BM)- and peripheral blood-derived progenitor cell grafts (PBPC) and compared it with other factors. Progenitor cells were collected from 96 patients with HD or high-grade NHL. Seventy-nine grafts were reinfused (35 PBPC and 44 BM) after high-dose chemotherapy. Compared with patients autografted with BM, hematopoietic recovery was significantly accelerated in recipients of PBPC. For PBPC, the number of Dexa-BEAM cycles ( > or = v > 1) was the predominate prognostic factor affecting colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) yield (66 v 6.8 x 10(4)/kg, P = . 0001), CD34+ cell yield (6.6 v 1.6 x 10(6)/kg, P = . 0001), neutrophil recovery to > 0.5 x 10(9)/L (9 v. 11 days, P = .0086), platelet recovery to > 20 x 10(9)/L (10 v 15.5 days, P = .0002), and platelet count on day +100 after transplantation (190 v 107 x 10(9)/L, P = . 031) using univariate analysis. Previous radiotherapy was associated with significantly lower CFU-GM and CD34+ cell yields but had no influence on engraftment. Patient age, patient sex, disease activity, or chemotherapy other than Dexa-BEAM did not have any prognostic impact. Multivariate analysis confirmed that Dexa-BEAM chemotherapy was the overriding factor adversely influencing CFU-GM yield (P < .0001), CD34+ cell yield (P < .0001), and platelet engraftment (P < .0001). BM grafts were not significantly affected by previous Dexa-BEAM chemotherapy or any other variable tested. However, prognostic factors favoring the use of BM instead of PBPC were not identified using joint regression models involving interaction terms between the graft type (PBPC or BM) and the explanatory variables investigated. We conclude that, in contrast to previous radiotherapy or other chemotherapy, exposure to salvage regimens containing stem cell-toxic drugs, such as BCNU and melphalan, is a critical factor adversely affecting yields and performance of PBPC grafts. Marrow progenitor cells appear to be less sensitive to stem cell-toxic chemotherapy. PBPC should be harvested before repeated courses of salvage chemotherapy involving stem cell-toxic drugs to preserve the favorable repopulation kinetics of PBPC in comparison with BM.
A 0.65V, 2.4GHz CMOS low-noise amplifiers design with noise optimization

A 0.65 V, 2.4 GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) has been designed and simulated using spectre simulator in a standard TSMC 0.18 mum CMOS technology. With low power and noise optimization techniques, the amplifier provides a gain of 27 dB, a noise figure of only 1.1 dB, power dissipation of 4.6 mW from a 0.65 V power supply
Ribosomal proteins promote leaf adaxial identity

Establishing abaxial-adaxial polarity is central to leaf morphogenesis and function. Groups of genes that encode different components for leaf patterning have been identified in recent years. These include transcriptional factors, small RNAs, 26S proteasome and components required for post-transcriptional gene silencing and chromatin remodeling, showing a complex regulatory network and indicating that the regulation occurs at different levels. In this work, we report the identification and characterization of asymmetric leaves1/2 enhancer5 (ae5) and ae6 mutants. These two mutants had a phenotype of abnormal leaf patterning, with the abaxial mesophyll features appearing in the adaxial mesophyll domain, and double mutants ae5 as1/2 and ae6 as1/2 producing severely abaxialized leaves. AE5 and AE6 encode the ribosomal large subunit proteins RPL28A and RPL5A, respectively, and mutations in two other ribosomal protein genes, RPL5B and RPL24B, resulted in plant phenotypes similar to those of ae5 and ae6. Because these four ribosomal proteins are located in distinct sites in the ribosomal large subunit, we propose that the conserved translational function of the ribosome may be required for regulating key components during leaf patterning. Collectively, our data indicate that specific ribosome subunit-mediated translational control is essential in leaf polarity establishment.
Two-way cluster voting to improve speaker diarisation performance

Speaker diarisation is the task of automatically segmenting audio data and providing speaker labels for the resulting regions of audio. A cluster-voting scheme is described which takes the output from two speaker diarisation systems and produces a new output which aims to have a lower speaker diarisation error rate (DER) than either input. The scheme works in two stages: the first produces a set of possible outputs which minimise a distance metric based on the DER; the second votes between these alternatives to give the final output. Decisions where the inputs agree are always passed to the output and those where the inputs differ are re-evaluated in the final voting stage. Results are presented on the 6-show RT-03 broadcast news evaluation data; they show that the DER can be reduced by 1.64% and 2.56% absolute using this method when combining the best two Cambridge University and the best two MIT Lincoln Laboratory diarisation systems respectively.
Surfactant‐coated single‐walled carbon nanotubes as a novel pseudostationary phase in capillary EKC

The analytical potential of the use of surfactant‐coated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SC‐SWNTs) as pseudostationary phase in CE is described. The pseudostationary phase shows an efficient alternative in enhancing electrochromatographic resolution of compounds which are capable of interacting with a nanotube surface, such as aromatic compounds. In general, the resolution is enhanced by increasing nanotube concentration in the buffer but the maximum amount of SWNTs that can be added to background electrolyte was found limited by compatibility with the UV/visible detection. As an alternative, a low‐extension partial filling was used, consisting of the introduction into the capillary of concentrated SC‐SWNT, just before the sample, with a plug length similar to the sample one. This has been showed as a reliable procedure in increasing resolution and sensitivity by sweeping phenomena. Finally, the potential of SC‐SWNTs to perform chiral separations is discussed.
THE CHALLENGE OF WORKING WITH STAFF GROUPS IN THE CARING PROFESSIONS: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ‘TEAM DEVELOPMENT AND REFLECTIVE PRACTICE GROUP’

abstract This paper highlights the importance of providing a regular space for teams of professionals, working in the mental health field and caring professions, to reflect on how the work impacts on the team dynamics and their own mental health. It explores the role of the group facilitator and how that role differs from working with patient and other groups. It considers the context of the current political environment within which mental health services operate and explores how this may impact on individual and team ego strength, leading to regression and reliance on primitive defence mechanisms as a means to coping and survival. Also considered is the issue of the challenges presented in working with teams where traits and features consistent with borderline personality disorder (DSM-4 Cluster B) manifest in the team. The authors propose a model called ‘Team Development and Reflective Practice Groups’, and suggest guidelines for providing an optimum facilitating environment for the professionals within these groups.
Backward Planning: A Simple and Efficient Method to Improve the Performance of List Scheduling Algorithms

The problem of scheduling task graph which is represented by DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) in Heterogeneous Environment is not a new problem. However, up to now nearly all of the Heuristics use Forward Planning methods. This paper introduces novel BackWard Planning (BWP) procedure in this field. Quite different from Forward Planning methods, BWP always delays the tasks’ starttime as late as possible, in an attempt to delay the starttime of the entry nodes and shorten the makespan of the schedule in the end.Combining BWP and traditional List Scheduling Algorithm, this paper proposes a two pass Forward/Backward (F/B) scheduling technique which can improve the performance of the original algorithm significantly. Using famous HEFT algorithm as example, we evaluate and compare the performance of two scheduling technique: our F/B technique and traditional insertion based scheduling technique used by HEFT and some other existing list scheduling algorithms. The experimental results indicate that F/B technique outperforms another in all the metrics considered in our examination.
(Un)Bounded Soccer

Israeli soccer, like the rest of Israeli society, has been undergoing transformation in recent decades, under the influence of globalization. This work examines the specific effects of globalization on soccer in its three major components: mobilization of capital, mobilization of labor, andcultural flows. It appears that, because of the transformation of major aspects of society, Israelisoccer has been globalized on all three components. However, this globalization was uneven, and was determined by the specific local conditions that worked more in favor of labor and cultural flows.
Immunogenicity Evaluation of Protein Hydrolysates for Hypoallergenic Infant Formulae

Summary: Casein and soy protein were enzymatically hydrolyzed for potential use in a hypoallergenic infant formula. To assess the relative immunoreactivity of the hydrolysates, rabbits were immunized with either the intact proteins or the protein hydrolysates using a vigorous immunization protocol. Serum samples were tested using ELISA methods that quantitated IgG antibody specific for the immunizing protein hydrolysates and the corresponding intact proteins. The results showed that the protein hydrolysates had substantially lower immunogenicity than the parent proteins. Also, antibody specific for the parent protein showed very low cross-reactivity with the hydrolysates. Both of the protein hydrolysates seem to be promising candidates for use in hypoallergenic infant feeding systems.