Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First molecular detection of Equine Herpesvirus type 3 (EHV‐3) in Chile

Abstract Equine coital rash (ECE) is a highly contagious benign infection that induces lesions on external genitals, and it is caused by the equine herpesvirus type 3 (EHV‐3). Although the disease is globally distributed, its presence in Chile has not been documented from a genetic point of view. Here, we performed polymerase chain reaction screenings for EHV‐3 in lesions of external genitals in four horses belonging to a riding station at Bulnes, Ñuble Region, Chile. We sequenced a fragment of the glycoprotein G (gG) gene from three horses with clinical signs of ECE. The sequences were identical between them and 99.7% similar to a haplotype of EHV‐3 detected in Brazil, and phylogenetically related with homologue from Japan, Russia and Brazil. Our results show the presence of EHV‐3 for the first time in horses with ECE in Chile.
Apparent horizon and gravitational thermodynamics of the Universe: Solutions to the temperature and entropy confusions, and extensions to modified gravity

The thermodynamics of the Universe is restudied by requiring its compatibility with the holographic-style gravitational equations which govern the dynamics of both the cosmological apparent horizon and the entire Universe, and possible solutions are proposed to the existent confusions regarding the apparent-horizon temperature and the cosmic entropy evolution. We start from the generic Lambda Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) cosmology of general relativity (GR) to establish a framework for the gravitational thermodynamics. The Cai-Kim Clausius equation for the isochoric process of an instantaneous apparent horizon indicates that, the Universe and its horizon entropies encode the \emph{positive heat out} thermodynamic sign convention, which encourages us to adjust the traditional positive-heat-in Gibbs equation into the positive-heat-out version $dE_m=-T_mdS_m-P_mdV$. It turns out that the standard and the generalized second laws (GSLs) of nondecreasing entropies are always respected by the event-horizon system as long as the expanding Universe is dominated by nonexotic matter $-1\leq w_m\leq 1$, while for the apparent-horizon simple open system the two second laws hold if $-1\leq w_m<-1/3$; also, the artificial local equilibrium assumption is abandoned in the GSL. All constraints regarding entropy evolution are expressed by the equation of state parameter, which show that from a thermodynamic perspective the phantom dark energy is less favored than the cosmological constant and the quintessence. Finally, the whole framework is extended from GR and $\Lambda$CDM to modified gravities with field equations $R_{\mu\nu}-Rg_{\mu\nu}/2=8\pi G_{\text{eff}} T_{\mu\nu}^{\text{(eff)}}$. Furthermore, this paper argues that the Cai-Kim temperature is more suitable than Hayward, and the Bekenstein-Hawking and Wald entropies cannot unconditionally apply to the event and particle horizons.
Quantum Group Sheaf and Quantum Manifolds

The problem of introducing a dependence of elements of quantum group on classical parameters is considered. It is suggested to interpret a homomorphism from the algebra of functions on quantum group to the algebra of sections of a sheaf of algebras on a classical manifold as describing such a dependence. It is argued that the functorial point of view of group schemes is more appropriate in quantum group field theory. A sheaf of the Hopf algebras over the manifold (quantum sheaf) is constructed by using bosonization formulas for the algebra of functions on the quantum group $SU_{q}(2)$ and the theory of repre- sentations of canonical commutation relations. A family of automorphisms of the Hopf algebra depending on classical variables is described. Quantum manifolds, i.e. manifolds with commutative and non-commutative coordinates are discussed as a generalization of supermanifolds. Quantum group chiral fields and relations with algebraic differential calculus are discussed.
Meaning of death among care workers of geriatric institutions in a death-avoidant culture: Qualitative descriptive analyses of in-depth interviews by Buddhist priests

Objective Care workers’ views of clients’ death have not been explored in Japan because of a cultural tendency to avoid talking openly about death. However, given the arising problems in end-of-life care settings, such as abuse and burnout, understanding care workers’ views regarding death is essential for designing effective interventions. We had two main research questions: Do care workers in Japan have their own ideas about death after working in the landscape of dying and death? Do these ideas influence care workers’ professional lives? Methods We recruited interviewees based on a quantitative survey of care workers at 10 geriatric institutions in Tokyo. Among the 323 respondents, 23 survey respondents were willing to participate in an interview. After the scheduling process, nine individuals were able to participate in an in-depth interview. To overwhelm cultural avoidance regarding death that prevents care workers from talking openly about death, Buddhist priests conducted interviews in the current study. Physicians and researchers assisted the interviews. Because this was exploratory studies in which little is known about the topic in question, we adapted a qualitative descriptive approach. Findings Thematic analysis revealed that: 1) care workers had clear views about conditions of clients’ good death after working in the field of dying and death; 2) care workers were motivated by past experiences of being close to dying themselves; and 3) care workers regarded their care for the dying as an experience that enriched their lives. In addition, the results revealed that the concept of spiritual care in Japan is still its infancy among care workers because of its vague definition. Conclusions Care workers were willing to work for dying people with their view of death, and regarded their jobs as important opportunities for personal growth through caring for the dying.
A numerical study of nonspherical black hole accretion. II: Finite differencing and code calibration

We describe in detail our two-dimensional, axisymmetric computer code for calculating fully relativistic ideal gas hydrodynamics around a Kerr black hole. This code is being used to study fully dynamic inviscid fluid accretion onto black holes, as well as the evolution and developement of nonlinear instabilities in pressure-supported accretion disks. The numerical techniques are developed and discussed. A variety of alternate differencing schemes are compared on an analytic test bed. Some discussion is devoted to general issues in finite differencing. The working code is calibrated using analytically solvable accretion problems, including the radial accretion of dust and of fluid with pressure (Bondi accretion). Two-dimensional test problems include the spiraling infall of low angular momentum fluid, the formation of a pressure-supported torus, and the stable evolution of a torus.
Phytochemical, Antiplasmodial, and Cytotoxic Investigation of Euclea natalensis A.DC. subsp. natalensis Leaves

Previous research shows that the root and bark extracts of Euclea natalensis have antiplasmodial activity, but the leaves have not been examined yet. This study investigated the phytochemical, antiplasmodial, and cytotoxic properties of the plant leaves. The activity against 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum was determined using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the cytotoxicity against Vero and HeLa cells was evaluated using the MTT and resazurin assays, respectively. The bioactive compounds were isolated by chromatography, and their structures were established with spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The extract showed antiplasmodial activity (IC50=25.6 μg/mL) and was not cytotoxic against Vero cells (IC50=403.7 μg/mL). Purification of the extract afforded six flavonoid glycosides, four triterpenoids, and a coumarin. The glycosides showed antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities, against HeLa cells, at 50 μg/mL, but the activity was reduced at 10 μg/mL. Naphthoquinones, which are among the predominant phytochemicals in the root and root bark of E. natalensis, were not detected in the leaves.
Real-Time Deep Neurolinguistic Learning Enhances Noninvasive Neural Language Decoding for Brain–Machine Interaction

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–machine interface (BMI) has been utilized to help patients regain motor function and has recently been validated for its use in healthy people because of its ability to directly decipher human intentions. In particular, neurolinguistic research using EEGs has been investigated as an intuitive and naturalistic communication tool between humans and machines. In this study, the human mind directly decoded the neural languages based on speech imagery using the proposed deep neurolinguistic learning. Through real-time experiments, we evaluated whether BMI-based cooperative tasks between multiple users could be accomplished using a variety of neural languages. We successfully demonstrated a BMI system that allows a variety of scenarios, such as essential activity, collaborative play, and emotional interaction. This outcome presents a novel BMI frontier that can interact at the level of human-like intelligence in real time and extends the boundaries of the communication paradigm.
Decreased associative processing and memory confidence in aphantasia

Visual imagery and mental reconstruction of scenes are considered core components of episodic memory retrieval. Individuals with absent visual imagery (aphantasia) score lower on tests of autobiographical memory, suggesting that aphantasia may be associated with differences in episodic and associative processing. In this online study, we tested aphantasic participants and controls on associative recognition and memory confidence for three types of associations encoded incidentally: associations between visual–visual and audio–visual stimulus pairs, associations between an object and its location on the screen, and intraitem associations. Aphantasic participants had a lower rate of high-confidence hits in all associative memory tests compared with controls. Performance on auditory–visual associations was correlated with individual differences in a measure of object imagery in the aphantasic group but not in controls. No overall group difference in memory performance was found, indicating that visual imagery selectively contributes to memory confidence. Analysis of the encoding task revealed that aphantasics made fewer associative links between the stimuli, suggesting a role for visual imagery in associative processing of visual and auditory input. These data enhance our understanding of visual imagery contributions to associative memory and further characterize the cognitive profile of aphantasia.
Interaction d'une bulle sphérique avec un écoulement turbulent ou tourbillonnaire

Les effets d'une turbulence au centre d'un tube sur la dynamique et le sillage d'une particule spherique ainsi que la modification de la turbulence induite par la presence de l'inclusion sont etudies a l'aide d'une simulation des grandes echelles dynamique. Les effets de la taille (de l'ordre la micro-echelle) et de la nature de la particule (bulle, solide) sont etudies pour des nombres de Reynolds de particule moderes (200-500). De maniere generale, la particule reagit a l'ensemble des echelles de l'ecoulement. Les forces usuelles (en ecoulement laminaire) permettent de decrire de maniere correcte les principales evolutions, a l'exception des effets de portance pour une sphere solide. La presence d'une bulle spherique modifie legerement les caracteristiques de la turbulence par rapport a une sphere solide. La decroissance du sillage est accrue sous l'effet de la turbulence quelle que soit la nature de la particule. Une etude complementaire sur l'interaction d'une bulle avec un tourbillon isole montre qu'une bulle est effectivement sensible a des structures tourbillonnaires de taille comparable.
Passing the test of motherhood? Self‐esteem development and birth experience in the transition to motherhood: A longitudinal mixed methods study in Finland

Abstract Aims To investigate women's childbirth experiences and their relation to self‐esteem development in the postpartum year. Design A mixed methods study. Methods Women (N = 125) completed survey questionnaires regarding their self‐esteem and childbirth experiences at three time points in 2020–2021: third trimester of pregnancy (T1), 4–8 weeks postpartum (T2) and 1 year postpartum (T3). The survey results were analysed using qualitative thematic and quantitative path analyses with latent change factors. The open‐ended answers of the women who demonstrated a change in self‐esteem between T2 and T3 were then compared. The STROBE checklist was used as the reporting guideline. Results The quantitatively measured childbirth experiences predicted statistically significantly and positively the changes in self‐esteem in the following year. The women described their childbirth stories through three main themes: childbirth as a lived experience, childbirth as a relational event and childbirth as a medical event. On the basis of the thematic analysis, we propose that the relationship between childbirth experience and self‐esteem development might only hold for women with extremely positive or negative childbirth experiences. There were mixed results for those women who had mixed experiences, indicating that other factors probably contributed to the changes in self‐esteem. Conclusion Childbirth is a pivotal event that may have lasting effects on the mother's self‐esteem after childbirth. Especially women with traumatic experiences deserve attention because they are at risk of the most negative consequences. Impact Perinatal services and policy makers must recognize the importance of childbirth experiences in women's well‐being and improve their practices. Different cultural models of childbirth should be recognized and supported to facilitate good experiences and prevent traumatic ones. Patient or Public Contribution Service users recruited in Finnish Child Health Centers responded to surveys that were used as data for this study.
In-silico comparison of cytochrome P450 inhibitory and dopaminergic activity of Piperine, Curcumin and Capsaicin

Abstract Psychiatric disorders are a heterogeneous group of mental disorders that manifest as abnormal mental or behavioral habits that cause the individual discomfort or disability. Dopamine imbalance plays a major role in many psychiatric disorders. Piperine, Curcumin and Capsaicin are CYP P450 3A4 & 2D6 inhibitors. The objective of this study is to determine the dopaminergic activity of Piperine, Curcumin and Capsaicin and also to compare cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6 inhibition activity by in-silico methods. In this in-silico study, we utilised compounds such as Piperine, Curcumin and Capsaicin were subjected to Lipinski’s rule of five, and ligands were also evaluated for toxicity profile and ADMET properties. Furthermore, the ligands were performed in docking studies. All three compounds were docked with three different targeted proteins (PDB IDs: 4D7D, 4WNW and 6LUQ). According to the docking result, Piperine has higher binding energy(-8.55 kcal/mol)(-8.1 kcal/mol)(-8.57 kcal/mol) when compared with Curcumin(-7.39 kcal/mol)(-5.61 kcal/mol)(-6.57 kcal/mol) and Capsaicin (-6.86 kcal/mol)(-6.57 kcal/mol)(-5.42 kcal/mol) and also with standard drug (-8.61 kcal/mol)(-7.65 kcal/mol)(-6.16 kcal/mol). The present study concluded that the bioactive compound Piperine has a better inhibitory activity of CYP 3A4, 2D6 enzymes and dopamine D2 receptor among the three compounds and also with the standard drug thioridazine. Graphical Abstract
Square root problem for divergence operators and related topics

— We present in this work recent progress on the square root problem of Kato for differential operators in divergence form on R n . We discuss topics on functional calculus, heat and resolvent kernel estimates, square function estimates and Carleson measure estimates for square roots. In the first chapter, we show in a quantitative way how the theorems of Aronson-Nash and of De Giorgi are equivalent. In the central chapters, we take advantage of recent development in functional calculus and in harmonic analysis to propose a new point of view on Kato's problem which allows us to unify previous results and extend them. In the last chapter we study the associated Riesz transforms, their relation to Calderón-Zygmund operators and their behavior on L p -spaces. Résumé (Problème de la racine carrée pour les opérateurs sous forme divergence et sujets connexes). — Ce travail a pour thème principal le problème de Kato concernant la racine carrée des opérateurs différentiels elliptiques sous forme divergence dans R n . Pour mener à bien cette étude, nous nous intéressons à des questions relatives au calcul fonctionnel, aux estimations de noyaux, aux fonctionnelles quadratiques et aux mesures de Carleson associées aux racines carrées. Dans le premier chapitre, nous montrons en un sens précis comment les théorèmes d'Aronson-Nash et de De Giorgi sont équivalents. Dans les deux chapitres centraux, nous tirons parti de développements récents sur le calcul fonctionnel et en analyse harmonique pour proposer un nouveau point de vue sur le problème de Kato qui permet d'unifier les résultats antérieurs et de les généraliser. Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, nous étudions les transformées de Riesz associées, leur relation aux opérateurs de Calderón-Zygmund et leur comportement sur les espaces Lp. © Astérisque 249, S M F 1998
PharmaKoVariome database for supporting genetic testing

Abstract Pharmacogenomics (PGx) provides information about routine precision medicine, based on the patient’s genotype. However, many of the available information about human allele frequencies, and about clinical drug–gene interactions, is based on American and European populations. PharmaKoVariome database was constructed to support genetic testing for safe prescription and drug development. It consolidated and stored 2507 diseases, 11 459 drugs and 61 627 drug–target or druggable genes from public databases. PharmaKoVariome precomputed ethnic-specific abundant variants for approximately 120 M single-nucleotide variants of drug–target or druggable genes. A user can search by gene symbol, drug name, disease and reference SNP ID number (rsID) to statistically analyse the frequency of ethnical variations, such as odds ratio and P-values for related genes. In an example study, we observed five Korean-enriched variants in the CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 genes, one of which (rs1065852) is known to be incapable of metabolizing drug. It is also shown that 4–6% of North and East Asians have risk factors for drugs metabolized by the CYP2D6 gene. Therefore, PharmaKoVariome is a useful database for pharmaceutical or diagnostic companies for developing diagnostic technologies that can be applied in the Asian PGx industry. Database URL: http://www.pharmakovariome. com/
SceneViewer: Automating Residential Photography in Virtual Environments

Selecting views is one of the most common but overlooked procedures in topics related to 3D scenes. Typically, existing applications and researchers manually select views through a trial-and-error process or “preset” a direction, such as the top-down views. For example, literature for scene synthesis requires views for visualizing scenes. Research on panorama and VR also require initial placements for cameras, etc. This article presents SceneViewer, an integrated system for automatic view selections. Our system is achieved by applying rules of interior photography, which guides potential views and seeks better views. Through experiments and applications, we show the potentiality and novelty of the proposed method.
Cell population dynamics in the course of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Remaining unknowns

Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. The distinct developmental steps in the course of adult neurogenesis, including NSC activation, expansion, and neuronal integration, are increasingly well characterized down to the molecular level. However, substantial gaps remain in our knowledge about regulators and mechanisms involved in this biological process. This review highlights three long‐standing unknowns. First, we discuss potency and identity of NSCs and the quest for a unifying model of short‐ and long‐term self‐renewal dynamics. Next, we examine cell death, specifically focusing on the early demise of newborn cells. Then, we outline the current knowledge on cell integration dynamics, discussing which (if any) neurons are replaced by newly added neurons in the hippocampal circuits. For each of these unknowns, we summarize the trajectory of studies leading to the current state of knowledge. Finally, we offer suggestions on how to fill the remaining gaps by taking advantage of novel technology to reveal currently hidden secrets in the course of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Site-to-site cross-talk in OST-B glycosylation of hCEACAM1-IgV

Significance N-glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification of extracellular proteins. It plays a role in protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum and later participates in important protein–carbohydrate interactions. Viruses, in particular, are often highly glycosylated. Knowledge of the determinants of modification at a particular site is important for better understanding these processes. One challenge in obtaining this information is separating the effect of the two glycosyltransferases, OST-A and OST-B. Our study focuses on OST-B and reveals how multiple, closely spaced glycosylation sites can influence one another in the context of OST-B glycosylation.
Inducible deletion of raptor and mTOR from adult skeletal muscle impairs muscle contractility and relaxation

Skeletal muscle weakness has been associated with different pathological conditions, including sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy, and is accompanied by altered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. We wanted to elucidate the functional role of mTOR in muscle contractility. Most loss‐of‐function studies for mTOR signalling have used the drug rapamycin to inhibit some of the signalling downstream of mTOR. However, given that rapamycin does not inhibit all mTOR signalling completely, we generated a double knockout for mTOR and for the scaffold protein of mTORC1, raptor, in skeletal muscle. We found that double knockout in mice results in a more severe phenotype compared with deletion of raptor or mTOR alone. Indeed, these animals display muscle weakness, increased fibre denervation and a slower muscle relaxation following tetanic stimulation. This is accompanied by a shift towards slow‐twitch fibres and changes in the expression levels of calcium‐related genes, such as Serca1 and Casq1. Double knockout mice show a decrease in calcium decay kinetics after tetanus in vivo, suggestive of a reduced calcium reuptake. In addition, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that many downregulated genes, such as Tcap and Fhod3, are linked to sarcomere organization. These results suggest a key role for mTOR signalling in maintaining proper fibre relaxation in skeletal muscle.