Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of disorder in strongly interacting quantum systems

This thesis contains four studies of the effects of disorder and randomness on strongly correlated quantum phases of matter. Starting with an itinerant ferromagnet, I first use an order-by-disorder approach to show that adding quenched charged disorder to the model generates new quantum fluctuations in the vicinity of the quantum critical point which lead to the formation of a novel magnetic phase known as a helical glass. Switching to bosons, I then employ a momentum-shell renormalisation group analysis of disordered lattice gases of bosons where I show that disorder breaks ergodicity in a non-trivial way, leading to unexpected glassy freezing effects. This work was carried out in the context of ultracold atomic gases, however the same physics can be realised in dimerised quantum antiferromagnets. By mapping the antiferromagnetic model onto a hard-core lattice gas of bosons, I go on to show the importance of the non-ergodic effects to the thermodynamics of the model and find evidence for an unusual glassy phase known as a Mott glass not previously thought to exist in this model. Finally, I use a mean-field numerical approach to simulate current generation quantum gas microscopes and demonstrate the feasibility of a novel measurement scheme designed to measure the Edwards-Anderson order parameter, a quantity which describes the degree of ergodicity breaking and which has never before been experimentally measured in any strongly correlated quantum system. Together, these works show that the addition of disorder into strongly interacting quantum systems can lead to qualitatively new behaviour, triggering the formation of new phases and new physics, rather than simply leading to small quantitative changes to the physics of the clean system. They provide new insights into the underlying physics of the models and make direct connection with experimental systems which can be used to test the results presented here.
Quantum Theory of Molecules and Solids. Volume 1–Electronic Structure of Molecules

By J. C. Slater London: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 1963. Pp. xv + 485. Price 97s. Slater is an incredibly prolific writer. To the McGraw-Hill Series in Pure and Applied Physics he has contributed the following books: Introduction to Chemical Physics, Quantum Theory of Matter, Quantum Theory of Atomic Structures (two volumes) and, in collaboration with Frank, Electromagnetism and Introduction to Theoretical Physics and Mechanics.
Second-Order Paraxial Gaussian Beam

Many discussions of Gaussian beams emphasize a single electric field component, such as Ey = f(r, z)e i(kz−ωt), of a cylindrically symmetric beam of angular frequency ω and wave number k = nω/c propagating along the z axis in a medium with index of refraction n. Here, we generalize to the case of a beam with an elliptical cross section. Of course, the electric field must satisfy the free-space Maxwell equation ∇ · E = 0. If f(r, z) is not constant and Ex = 0, then we must have nonzero Ez. That is, the desired electric field has more than one vector component. To deduce all components of the electric and magnetic fields of a Gaussian beam from a single scalar wave function, we follow the suggestion of Davis [2] and seek solutions for a vector potential A that has only a single Cartesian component (such that (∇A)j = ∇Aj [4]). We work in the Lorenz gauge (and SI units), so that the electric scalar potential Φ is related to the vector potential A by
IFRS Adoption, Corporate Governance, and Information Quality: Evidence From KSA

This research aims to predict the effectiveness of implementing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in reducing earnings management in Saudi Arabia (KSA). Considering that earnings management is influenced by various factors, we also propose examining the impact of corporate governance strength on enhancing the reliability of accounting information. Empirical results are obtained from a sample of 51 Saudi listed firms observed from 2014 to 2020. Discretionary accruals (DA) are utilized to identify earnings management, estimated using Dechow et al.'s (1995) model. Subsequently, a multivariate regression analysis is conducted to explore the relationship between DA, IFRS adoption, and corporate governance structure. The main findings indicate that the independence of both the boards of directors and the audit committee has a significant negative impact on earnings management in Saudi industrial companies. However, the size of the board, the size of the audit committee, and the frequency of audit committee meetings do not appear to have a significant effect on DA. Therefore, we suggest that certain mandatory measures should be implemented to enhance the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms in a developing economy like Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Accelerating diffusion on compact Riemannian surfaces by incompressible drift

We construct divergence free vector-fields on compact Riemannian surfaces which push the spectral gap of some diffusion generator above some prescribed value. The resulting diffusion describes some Brownian particle in a stationary incompressible fluid. The spectral gap is an indicator for the speed at which this diffusion converges toward its equilibrium, which corresponds to the uniform distribution. In other terms, we describe efficient fluid motion, to accelerate the convergence to equilibrium of some Brownian particle in a two-dimensional liquid.
Bioinvasion of Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) in Ashtamudi Lake, Kerala, India – is pollution aggravating environmental degradation in Ramsar wetland?

Polluted or degraded aquatic ecosystems accumulate more invasive species than less polluted areas. The alien invasive mussel Mytella strigata (=charruana) was reported to be affecting wild spats of mussels as a dominant competitor for space on floating substrates which is native to Central and South America later outspread to east coast of central Florida and subsequently reported from Philippines. The tremendous increase of M. strigata population in Ashtamudi Lake is raising an alarming situation over the native bivalve species as it compete for space, breeding ground, substrates and food. The broad salinity ranges allows them to invade via ballast exchange of water and the fouled ship hulls. When salinity levels goes beyond the thresholds of the native species, M. strigata can sometimes outcompete them. Moreover, the molecular phylogenetic analysis via COI sequences shows a close genetic relationship shared between the native mussel Perna viridis and the alien invasive mussel M. strigata. The increasing pollution load along with the solid waste disposal in the Lake, is accelerating the spat fall of M. strigata over the native species and therefore should be a priority in the bioinvasion control, otherwise can lead to displacement or local extinction of the native species.
The Study of the Cytotoxicity, Proliferative and Microbiological Activity of the Medicated Chewing Gum with Ascorbic Acid and Lysozyme Hydrochloride Using Different Culture of Cells

Medicated chewing gum with lysozyme hydrochloride and ascorbic acid as active pharmaceutical ingredients was developed for application in dentistry. The aim of this research was to study the cytotoxicity, proliferative, and microbiological activities of the active ingredients in different types of cell cultures. The preclinical study of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their combinations was carried out using culture lines such as HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma cells), Hek293 (human embryonic kidney cells), and MAEC (mouse aortic endothelial cells). MTT assays were used to analyse cytotoxicity and proliferative activity, while the state of antioxidant protection was assessed by the content of sulfhydryl groups and catalase activity. The determination of lipid peroxidation products was based on the level of TBA-active products. As a microbiological model for studying the effect of the developed dental medicine on the ability of the oral cavity microorganisms to form biofilms, the following strains were used: Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Candida albicans. The optical density of the formed biofilm was evaluated by the intensity of the experimental sample’s colour on a StatFax 303 Plus photometer at a wavelength of 630 nm. The combination of ascorbic acid and lysozyme hydrochloride in the established concentrations (20 mg and 10 mg per 1 gum, respectively) resulted in a slight stimulation of cell proliferation without any toxic effects and increased antioxidant protection, preventing the development of oxidative stress. It was found that, in contrast to the separately used active substances, the combination of lysozyme hydrochloride and ascorbic acid inhibits the biofilm formation of all studied microorganisms and shows the ability to destroy diurnal biofilms of L. plantarum and fungi of the genus Candida, indicating potentiation and summation of the active pharmaceutical ingredients’ composition effects in the developed dental medicine. Due to the observed positive pharmacological and microbiological action, the combination of lysozyme hydrochloride and ascorbic acid in the medicated chewing gum serves as a promising tool for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the periodontium and mucous membranes and the prevention of caries.
Efficient Parallel Multi-Copy Simulation of the Hybrid Atomistic-Continuum Simulation Based on Geometric Coupling

The hybrid atomistic-continuum (HAC) simulation based on geometric coupling should properly deal with the sampling technique and noise in the atomistic simulation. Based on the need of ensemble simulation, we design and implement the associated parallel supporting mechanism of our hybrid atomistic-continuum framework based on the open source code OpenFOAM and LAMMPS, propose the Multi-Copy advancing model and decision-making mechanism for the Multi-Copy simulation. The results of the benchmark cases indicate that our HAC framework can functionality support the Multi-Copy simulation. Our decision-making mechanism can sufficiently utilize the computational resources and perform efficient coupling simulation.
Induced H-packing k-partition problem in interconnection networks

ABSTRACT The induced matching k-partition number of a graph G, denoted by , is the minimum integer k such that has a k-partition where for each i, , , the subgraph of G induced by , is a 1-regular graph. The induced matching k-partition problem is NP-complete even for k = 2. In this paper we extend the concept of matching to H-packing and denote the minimum induced H-packing k-partition number as . We prove that the induced -packing k-partition problem and induced -packing k-partition problem are both NP-complete problems. We obtain the induced -packing k-partition number for sierpiński graphs and hypercube networks. Further we determine the induced -packing k-partition number for hypercube networks.
KAWA lecture notes on complex hyperbolic geometry

These lecture notes are based on a mini-course given at the fifth KAWA Winter School on March 24-29, 2014 at CIRM, Marseille. They provide an introduction to hyperbolicity of complex algebraic varieties namely the geometry of entire curves, and a description of some recent developments.
Modeling and simulations of light emission and propagation in open nanophotonic systems

Light emission and propagation in photonic crystal membranes are studied theoretically, with an emphasis on waveguides, slow light effects, and coupled cavity-waveguide systems. A Bloch mode expansion formalism for optical modeling of photonic crystal membranes is presented, and perfectly matched layer boundary conditions are introduced to emulate the inherent openness of the photonic crystal membrane. The impact of the computational domain size and perfectly matched layer parameters on dipole emission in a photonic crystal membrane waveguide is investigated, and we find the associated computational uncertainty to be of larger magnitude than typical estimates found in literature. A photonic crystal waveguide with one or two side-coupled cavities is considered, and the local density of states is described using a semi-analytical quasi-normal mode theory. We propose original techniques for computing and normalizing quasi-normal modes in extended systems, and comparing to numerically exact calculations, the theory correctly predicts a slight asymmetry (one cavity) and a peak and a dip (two cavities) in the local density of states spectra. Next, the photonic crystal waveguide is interfaced with a side-coupled cavity and a scattering site in the waveguide, and we demonstrate that the shape of the transmission spectrum can be controlled by the cavity-scattering site distance, for example to exhibit a symmetric Fano shapes. Subsequently, we investigate an active photonic crystal waveguide in the slow light region and present an original coupled Bloch mode model, with material gain treated as a perturbation, that includes back-coupling between the counter propagating passive Bloch modes. We show that this gives rise to distributed feedback, which puts fundamental limitations on the maximum achievable gain of the slow light amplifier. Finally, dipole emission in photonic crystal membrane waveguides is analyzed, where we design slow and fast light waveguides for enhanced single-photon emission into a guided mode. We investigate spectra and spatial maps of dipole emission and find that the relative coupling into the guided mode, β, remains in excess of 50%, even in non-optimum situations, and quickly approaches unity towards the band edge. Preliminary experimental results that build on the theoretical designs demonstrate emission from position-controlled quantum dots into the waveguide mode. In a disjoint chapter, we study the localized surface plasmon modes of plasmonic nanodimers, and both theoretically and experimentally, we find an almost-inverse scaling of the relative shift of the plasmon wavelength with particle distance in the sub-radius range.
Nonlinear interaction detection through model-based sufficient dimension reduction

In this paper we propose an efficient model-based sufficient dimension reduction method to detect interactions. We introduce a new class of multivariate adaptive varying index models (MAVIM) to investigate nonlinear interaction effects of the grouped covariates on multivariate response variables. Grouping the covariates through linear combinations in the MAVIM accommodates weak individual interaction effects as long as their joint interaction effects are strong enough to be detectable. We estimate the joint interaction effects by a weighted-profile least squares method that is numerically stable and computationally fast. The resultant profile least squares estimate is root-n consistent and asymptotically normal. We discuss how to choose an optimal weight to improve the estimation efficiency. We determine the structural dimension with a BIC-type criterion, and establish its consistency. The effectiveness of our proposal is illustrated through simulation studies and an analysis of Framingham heart study.
A convergent synthetic platform of hydrogels enclosing prednisolone-loaded nanoparticles for the treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis

ABSTRACT Recurrent eczematous lesions and acute itching describe chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Continuous use of corticosteroids might result in a dermal adverse effect. Chitosan (CS)-coated PLGA nanoparticles encapsulated prednisolone (PDS) and co-encapsulated to poloxamer hydrogel to enhance anti-inflammatory action and reduce side effects. The PDS@NPs were synthesized using the solvent-emulsification evaporation method, and their physical and chemical properties were analysed. Ex vivo drug absorption experiment was conducted utilizing the Franz diffusion cells in vitro. Toxic effects on human fibroblasts and keratinocytes were not observed in the nanoparticle formulations. Nanoparticles and hydrogels altered PDS’s release kinetics, but not by the non-encapsulated PDS (NE@PDS). Nanoparticles could not penetrate the stratum corneum of removed the skin, which shows the nano-encapsulation of PDS improved skin absorptions. Pseudoplastic and non-Newtonian behaviour was seen in all hydrogels. The nanoformulations appear to be a promising option for glucocorticoid delivery to individuals with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD).
Counterintuitive effects of online feedback in middle school math: results from a randomized controlled trial in ASSISTments

Abstract This study compared the effects of three different feedback formats provided to sixth grade mathematics students within a web-based online learning platform, ASSISTments. A sample of 196 students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) text-based feedback; (2) image-based feedback; and (3) correctness only feedback. Regardless of condition, students solved a set of problems pertaining to the division of fractions by fractions. This mathematics content was representative of challenging sixth grade mathematics Common Core State Standard (6.NS.A.1). Students randomly assigned to receive text-based feedback (Condition A) or image-based feedback (Condition B) outperformed those randomly assigned to the correctness only group (Condition C). However, these differences were not statistically significant (F(2,108) = 1.394, p = . 25). Results of this study also demonstrated a completion-bias. Students randomly assigned to Condition B were less likely to complete the problem set than those assigned to Conditions A and C. To conclude, we discuss the counterintuitive findings observed in this study and implications related to developing and implementing feedback in online learning environments for middle school mathematics.
On the Partition Function for CP1-Instantons on a Flat Torus

of the Dissertation On the Partition Function for CP Instantons on a Flat Torus by Joseph William Walsh Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics Stony Brook University 2012 The partition function for the free theory of CP-valued elds on a at twodimensional torus is studied. The partition function localizes to an in nite series of nite-dimensional integrals of the form Nd (det ∆w) −1/2 dμd(w) whereNd is the space of all holomorphic maps w of topological degree d. ∆w is the Laplace operator on w∗ (TP) with respect to the pullback of teh Fubini-Study metric, and dμd is the induced measure. Through the process of ζ-regularization of the determinant and variation of the conformal anomaly of the metric, the determinant is explicitly calculated in terms
It’s Time to Go Quantum in Medicine

As the field of medicine grows and expands, new scientific developments hold great promise for improving quality of care, clinical research, and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Quantum physics is a promising field that intersects with medicine much more than originally understood. In terms of diagnosing different diseases, incorporating quantum mechanics into the study of medicine can allow for efficient diagnosis before symptoms even arise in a patient. Applying theory-based mathematical structures that describe neuron transmission throughout the brain and mind on a quantum scale can help us to better understand neurological diseases in patients. Quantum theory can even give plausible explanations for subtle DNA changes and even telomere reduction in patients who develop cancer. Utilizing quantum theory in the field of medicine can help in understanding and applying treatments for a multitude of different diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or diverse types of cancer, and even expand upon efficient and reliable diagnosis in clinical settings. Quantum physics is a pertinent advancing field that may have a significant impact on expanding medical care and treatment in the near future. In this review, the application of quantum physics in medicine is discussed.
Transversal hypersurfaces with (f,g,u,v,λ)-structure of a nearly trans-Sasakian manifold

Abstract In this paper, we study some properties of transversal hypersurfaces of a nearly trans-Sasakian manifold. Furthermore, we give some characterizations of totally geodesic regarding such manifolds. We also prove that if M is a transversal hypersurface of a nearly cosymplectic manifold M˜, equipped with a contact structure under the condition that a vector field V is parallel, then M is totally geodesic.
Fullerene adducts from malonic esters of triethylene glycol and C60: electronic and electrochemical properties

Abstract In this work, dimeric and monomeric fullerene-C60 derivatives with triethylene glycol units were synthesised through the Bingel–Hirsch reaction and characterised with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry (MS) techniques. Also, the target compounds were studied from a physical chemistry perspective to investigate their photophysical and electrochemical properties using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, Cyclic (CV), and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV). All previous emphasised the aim to evaluate the features to be an electron transporting layer on perovskite solar cells (PSC), on this regard, both compounds exhibited good thermal stability and alignment of LUMO energy levels with MAPbBr3 as the perovskite semiconductor layer.
Analysis and Design of TM01 and TE01 High-Power Handling Corrugated Flexible Waveguides

The purpose of this article is to solve the issue that current high-power microwave (HPM) transmission links are used in the rigid metal waveguide, which causes significant installation difficulties to the system integration. In this article, we design the TM01 and TE01 high-power handling corrugated flexible waveguides using a numerical analysis method based on coupled wave theory. The measured results are in good agreement with the numerical calculation method. The designed TM01 corrugated flexible waveguide has a transmission efficiency of up to 98% at bending angles less than ±5°, and correspondingly, the TE01 corrugated flexible waveguide has a transmission efficiency of up to 98% at bending angles less than ±8°. The designed flexible waveguides are all capable of power capacities of more than 3 GW.
Reflective Practice ePortfolios: A digital teaching tool to enhance third year BA Culinary and Gastronomic Science students’ professional learning experiences

The aim of this research was to explore the use of reflective practice eportfolios as a digital tool to enhance BA Culinary and Gastronomic Science students’ professional learning experiences. A deductive approach was applied to the data where the participants reflective practice entries were coded using Braun and Clarke’s framework for thematic analysis. In line with Vygotsky’s (1978) social constructivist theory, the results depicted the participants were able to learn through social interactions with their lecturer and peers, who assisted with scaffolding knowledge and skills, until the participants were more confident in their learning. By using the reflective practice eportfolio meant that the participants were able to track their improvement and growth related to their reflection process. The results are far reaching in the context of culinary arts education and offer significant insights into embedding a reflective practice eportfolio into the culinary curriculum.