Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory synchronization: is it a real phenomenon?

Presents a quantitative approach to the analysis of cardiorespiratory synchronization, which is a newly discovered phenomenon. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether cardiorespiratory synchronization is a real phenomenon or a random one. The authors utilized the surrogate data analysis approach. A surrogate data set was constructed from recordings of ECG and respiration obtained from 14 healthy adults. The surrogate data lacks the coupling between the heart and respiration. The real and surrogate data were subjected to a quantification algorithm in order to determine the statistical properties of synchronization in the two data sets. Synchronization was found in both the real and surrogate data. However, synchronization was significantly less abundant in the surrogate data. In view of those results, cardiorespiratory synchronization seems to be a real phenomenon, yet it probably does not play a crucial role in cardiorespiratory interaction.
EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and management of neuromyelitis optica

Background and purpose: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or Devic′s disease is a rare inflammatory and demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by recurrent attacks of optic neuritis (ON) and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), which is distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). The guidelines are designed to provide guidance for best clinical practice based on the current state of clinical and scientific knowledge.
The SVM-Minus Similarity Score for Video Face Recognition

Challenge, but also an opportunity to eliminate spurious similarities. Luckily, a major source of confusion in visual similarity of faces is the 3D head orientation, for which image analysis tools provide an accurate estimation. The method we propose belongs to a family of classifier-based similarity scores. We present an effective way to discount pose induced similarities within such a framework, which is based on a newly introduced classifier called SVM-minus. The presented method is shown to outperform existing techniques on the most challenging and realistic publicly available video face recognition benchmark, both by itself, and in concert with other methods.
A 2 . 14 GHz inverse class F Si-LDMOS power amplifier with voltage second harmonic peaking

Short Abstract—A simplified inverse class F power amplifier (PA) with a voltage second harmonic peaking and third harmonic short operating at 2.14GHz for WCDMA base station applications has been developed. The load network is based on transmission line harmonic traps and provides high impedance at the second and low impedance at the third harmonic to the PA. The PA uses a packaged Silicon LDMOS transistor and provides an output power of 13.8W and a drain efficiency of 66%. Due to the high gain of 13.4dB an excellent power added efficiency (PAE) of 64% is obtained. The 6dB back off PAE is 35%. To the author’s knowledge, the highest obtained output power and PAE for a packaged Si-LDMOS transistor based on this architecture at this frequency is presented.
Comprehensive Detection of Hardware Errors in Commodity Multithreaded Architectures

The need for dependable multithreaded computer architec-tures is motivated by two trends. First, commodity computer systems are rapidly becoming multithreaded. It is difficult to purchase a single-threaded architecture, now that Intel, AMD, IBM, and Sun have moved to multithreaded chips. Intel and AMD chose multiple cores on a chip for coarser multithread-ing. IBM's Power and Sun's Niagara chips have multiple cores that are each multithreaded. Furthermore, virtually all servers are composed of multiple commodity processor chips. The second motivating trend is the need to maintain dependability in the face of increasing numbers of hardware faults. With smaller transistors, faster clocks, and a greater number of transistors per chip, the likelihood of physical faults is increasing. The industrial roadmap [3] and recent research [9] predict substantially greater hardware fault frequencies. To address the need for dependable multithreaded archi-tectures, we have developed a mechanism for comprehensive, end-to-end detection of errors in multithreaded memory systems. The memory system includes the caches, coherence controllers , memories, directories, and interconnection network. Because the correctness of a multithreaded memory system is formally defined by the architecture's memory consistency model, we can detect any error by dynamically verifying that the system is correctly implementing its consistency model. Dynamic verification of memory consistency (DVMC) [8] is an end-to-end approach to error detection that subsumes localized error detection mechanisms (e.g., ECC on coherence messages , timeouts on coherence transactions, etc.). Furthermore, it does not require the designer to reason about how to compose a lot of localized error detection mechanisms such that any error can be detected. After error detection, the system can be recovered using a checkpoint/recovery mechanism (e.g., SafetyNet [10]). Before we delve into DVMC, we first provide a brief background on memory consistency models. All architectures specify a memory consistency model [1] that provides an interface between the hardware and the software. The consistency model determines the legal orderings of loads and stores, across all threads, that are visible to the software. For example, sequential consistency (SC) specifies that there must appear to the software to be a total order of all loads and stores such that (a) the total order respects program order at each thread, and (b) every load gets the value of the most recent store in the total order to the same address [5]. Other consistency models exist that permit more reorderings than SC, thus enabling hardware and software optimizations. The basic …
Stackelberg Warfare as an Equilibrium Choice in a Game with Reputation Effects

An alternative way o f modelling Stackelberg warfare i.e. a strategic fight for market leadership is suggested which avoids the inconsistencies o f the prevalent disequilibrium interpretation. In a reputation game Stackelberg warfare occurs as an equilibrium choice for two scenarios. In the first scenario a firm challenges its rival by playing Stackelberg leader. The other firm plays warfare to discipline its opponent and to make it return to the Cournot equilibrium. In the second scenario both firms simultaneously play warfare in the initial phase of the game until one o f them concedes and accepts to be the follower. ‘ Paper presented at the Ninth Annual Meeting of the European Economic Asso­ ciation, September 1994 in Maastricht (Netherlands). 9 am grateful to Andrzej Baniak, Michael Begg, James Mirrlees, Louis Phlips, Gimther Rehme and in particular to Stephen Martin for helpful suggestions and comments. © T he A ut ho r(s ). Eu ro pe an U ni ve rs ity In st itu te . D ig iti se d ve rs io n pr od uc ed b y th e EU I L ib ra ry in 2 02 0. A va ila bl e O pe n Ac ce ss o n C ad m us , E ur op ea n U ni ve rs ity In st itu te R es ea rc h R ep os ito ry .
Venus Approaching Mars? The EU as an Emerging Civilian World Power

This paper does not engage in explanation. Rather, we ask whether the EU’s efforts at the promotion of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law, on the one hand, and the ESDP’s increasing role in peace-keeping and post-conflict state-building operations, on the other hand, are actually consistent with these role identities. For reasons explained below, we stick to the older concept of “civilian power” rather than the newer “normative power. ” We argue that, yes, the EU’s democracy promotion, peace-keeping, and state-building policies have developed into a fairly consistent and comprehensive approach of an emerging civilian power.
Mixture Convolutive Independent Component Analysis

We propose a mixture model for blind source separation and deconvolution with adaptive source densities. Data is modelled as a multivariate locally linear random process. We derive an expression for the asymptotic likelihood of a linear process segment, which allows us to formulate and optimize a mixture model via the EM algorithm. The mixture model is able to represent nonstationary (locally, or piecewise stationary) signals. We exploit a convexity-based inequality to ensure monotonic increase of the likelihood with respect to the source density parameters. The model is applied to analysis of EEG signals.
Outer Approximation of Attractors Using an Interval Quantization

An attractor is the set toward which the solutions of a dynamical system converge. In this paper, the system is described by an autonomous state equation of the form u x = f (x). When the function f : R n ! R n is nonlinear, interval analysis is needed to provide a guaranteed conclusion. Existing interval-based methods cover the state space with small boxes and perform an interval integration for each of them, which makes the technique limited to small dimensional problems. This paper shows that an outer approximation of attractors can be built without any interval integration. The concept is to perform a quantization of the state equation into a dynamical graph. The nodes of this graph are polytopes covering the state space. A test case related to the station keeping of a non-holonomous robot illustrates the principle of the approach.
Complexity bounds of emerging structures in self-organizing networks

The idea of self-organizing systems is to acquire a meaningful internal structure just by being exposed to some 'natural' environment. Due to the complex network dynamics it appears very hard to analyze the structures that may emerge in such a system. Results on the complexity of classification functions and the preconditions necessary in order to allow the computation of such functions are presented.
An overview of temperature monitoring devices for early detection of diabetic foot disorders

Diabetic foot complications are associated with substantial costs and loss of quality of life. This article gives an overview of available and emerging devices for the monitoring of foot temperature as a means of early detection of foot disorders in diabetes. The aim is to describe the technologies and to summarize experiences from experimental use. Studies show that regular monitoring of foot temperature may limit the incidence of disabling conditions such as foot ulcers and lower-limb amputations. Infrared thermometry and liquid crystal thermography were identified as the leading technologies in use today. Both technologies are feasible for temperature monitoring of the feet and could be used as a complement to current practices for foot examinations in diabetes.
RepARK—de novo creation of repeat libraries from whole-genome NGS reads

Generation of repeat libraries is a critical step for analysis of complex genomes. In the era of next-generation sequencing (NGS), such libraries are usually produced using a whole-genome shotgun (WGS) derived reference sequence whose completeness greatly influences the quality of derived repeat libraries. We describe here a de novo repeat assembly method—RepARK (Repetitive motif detection by Assembly of Repetitive K-mers)—which avoids potential biases by using abundant k-mers of NGS WGS reads without requiring a reference genome. For validation, repeat consensuses derived from simulated and real Drosophila melanogaster NGS WGS reads were compared to repeat libraries generated by four established methods. RepARK is orders of magnitude faster than the other methods and generates libraries that are: (i) composed almost entirely of repetitive motifs, (ii) more comprehensive and (iii) almost completely annotated by TEclass. Additionally, we show that the RepARK method is applicable to complex genomes like human and can even serve as a diagnostic tool to identify repetitive sequences contaminating NGS datasets.
Towards Agent Device Ontology as Genotype

In a future of pervasive and contextually aware computing, the knowledge and understanding of mobile device attributes and capabilities will be a key enabler. Software engineers and developers will benefit from the understanding of possible device configurations which represent optimal market solutions. This paper discusses the first of a several phase investigation using the techniques of evolutionary computation to construct a multiobjective optimisation model and system. The overall goal is a system to provide insight into the potential device configurations that a software engineer might face in the future. Through the use of biological analogy, the problem suitability for co-evolutionary design and the foundation of a mobile device genome will be presented.
AN EMPIRICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN PROCESS

The effectiveness of a design process can be critical to the success of information system development projects. There have been very few empirical studies on the effectiveness of design processes that use unified modeling language (UML). This paper establishes a model for measuring the effectiveness of diagram derivation as a way of measuring the effectiveness of the object-oriented design (OOD) process. It utilizes the defect density approach to evaluate an OOD process in terms of how correct the results are that it produces, how consistent those results are and how scalable the process is. To demonstrate how applicable the proposed methodology is, we conducted an empirical evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the user interface driven design process. This study calculated the defect densities for four UML diagrams and measured the effectiveness of the design process on three levels: individual type of defect, type of diagram and the entire project. The results show that the proposed methodology can be reliably used to evaluate an OOD process.
Females prefer athletes, males fear the disadvantaged: different signals used in female choice and male competition have varied consequences

The most commonly assumed cost for exaggerated male ornamentation is increased predation pressure owing to decreased locomotor performance or increased conspicuousness to predators. Despite its intuitive basis, the locomotor costs of male ornamentation are not well established. We tested the hypothesis that multiple male signals that are used independently during female choice and male competition could lead to varied locomotor costs. Multiple signals with varied costs could provide a more detailed indicator of overall male quality, as only the highest-quality individuals could support all costs. To test this idea, we investigated the burst locomotor consequences of multiple ornaments for males of the pacific blue-eye (Pseudomugil signifer). We evaluated five competing models relating body size, ornament size and performance traits to field measures of dominance and attractiveness. Non-propulsive male fin ornaments used during male competition were different from those used in female choice. First dorsal fin length was the most important predictor of male attractiveness, while dominance was only associated with anal fin length. Furthermore, first dorsal fin length was positively correlated with swim speed, while anal fin length was negatively associated with speed. Our study shows that multiple male signals that are used independently during male competition and female choice also differ in their associated costs. This provides a mechanism for understanding why locomotor costs for exaggerated male ornamentation are not often empirically demonstrated.
Short-Wavelength Light Enhances Cortisol Awakening Response in Sleep-Restricted Adolescents

Levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal gland, follow a daily, 24-hour rhythm with concentrations reaching a minimum in the evening and a peak near rising time. In addition, cortisol levels exhibit a sharp peak in concentration within the first hour after waking; this is known as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The present study is a secondary analysis of a larger study investigating the impact of short-wavelength (λ max ≈ 470 nm) light on CAR in adolescents who were sleep restricted. The study ran over the course of three overnight sessions, at least one week apart. The experimental sessions differed in terms of the light exposure scenarios experienced during the evening prior to sleeping in the laboratory and during the morning after waking from a 4.5-hour sleep opportunity. Eighteen adolescents aged 12–17 years were exposed to dim light or to 40 lux (0.401 W/m2) of 470-nm peaking light for 80 minutes after awakening. Saliva samples were collected every 20 minutes to assess CAR. Exposure to short-wavelength light in the morning significantly enhanced CAR compared to dim light. Morning exposure to short-wavelength light may be a simple, yet practical way to better prepare adolescents for an active day.
Predicting the Disability of First‐Time Stroke Sufferers at 1 Year: 12‐Month Follow‐up of a Population‐Based Cohort in Southeast England

Background and Purpose The purpose of this study was to predict the functional outcome at 1 year of first-time stroke patients aged younger than 75 years in relation to the severity of stroke and demographic characteristics. Methods Population registers in three districts of southeast England were established in August 1989, with notification by stroke registry field-workers, general practitioners, and rehabilitation practitioners. Assessments were made using the Barthel index for activities of daily living at the time of maximum impairment and at 3 and 12 months after the stroke. Results Of 639 registered stroke patients, 392 without previous disability survived and were assessed for disability at 3 months, of whom 34 (9%) were severely disabled and 60 (15%) moderately disabled. Initial incontinence was the best single predictor of disability with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 78%. Two hundred twenty-five patients (35%) were eligible for 12-month follow-up; 11% had moderate or severe disability, for which initial incontinence was the best predictor. Conclusions There is no evidence from this study of an association between demographic characteristics and the disability status of stroke survivors in the medium term. Multi-variable predictors of disability had little advantage over incontinence within 24 hours of the stroke. The estimates of the prevalence of disability from this large population-based study are relevant when assessing the medium-term needs of stroke patients. (Stroke. 1994;25:352-357.)
Subject Recommendation Using Ontology for Computer Science ACM Curricula

Recommender systems are needed to find subject items of one’s interest. We review recommender systems and recommendation methods. We propose a subject personalization framework based on adaptive hypermedia for Computer Science ACM Curricula. We extend Hermes framework with subject recommendation functionality. We combine TF-IDF term extraction method with cosine similarity measure. Specialization and standard subject database are incorporated into the knowledgebase. Based on the performed evaluation, we conclude that semantic recommender systems in general outperform traditional recommenders systems with respect to accuracy, precision, and recall, and that the proposed recommender has a better F-measure than existing semantic recommenders.
Constrained Cluster Parameters from Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Observations

Near-future Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) surveys such as ACT, SPT, APEX, and Planck will soon find thousands of galaxy clusters. Multifrequency arcminute-resolution SZ observations can, in principle, determine each cluster's gas temperature (Te), bulk velocity (vpec), and optical depth (τ). However, the frequency bands and detector sensitivity employed by upcoming surveys will generally not be sufficient to disentangle the degeneracy between these three cluster parameters, even in the absence of SZ signal contamination from point sources and imperfect primary microwave background subtraction. Assuming contaminants can be removed, we find that near-future SZ surveys will be able to constrain well two cluster gas parameters that are linear combinations of τTe, τvz, and τT. Because the SZ intensity shift is nearly a linear function of τTe, τvz, and τT, a correspondence exists between the two effective gas parameters that SZ surveys can constrain and simple line-of-sight integrals through the three-dimensional cluster. We illustrate the parameter constraints and correspondence to line-of-sight integrals using three-dimensional N-body + hydro cluster simulations and a Markov-chain Monte Carlo method. We show that adding an independent temperature measurement to upcoming SZ data breaks the parameter degeneracy and that the cluster effective velocity thus constrained is approximately the optical-depth-weighted velocity integrated along the cluster line of sight. A temperature prior with an error as large as 2 keV still gives bulk velocity errors of 100 km s-1 or less, even for a more typical cluster with an electron temperature of 3 keV, for ACT-like SZ observations in the absence of signal contamination. The Markov-chain constraints on vpec and τ that we obtain are more encouraging and most likely more accurate than those obtained from Fisher matrices.
An Application-Level Network Mapper

Modern grid platforms present a much more complex interconnection topology than classical super-computers or clusters. Information about this topology is critical to network-aware applications, such as a grid scheduler optimizing communication times, or such as data replication managers. This paper presents a theoretical framework and the corresponding tool for automatically discovery of network topology. The goal is not to discover the physical layout of machines interconnections, but to construct a synthetic view of the effects of the topology as perceived by an application. Among other things, this requires that performance of concurrent transfers can be assessed. Our work uncovers an original mathematical model that arises from the formalization of the topology discovery problem, for which we propose an algorithm. We prove that when the underlying graph is a constellation of trees (i.e., a set of trees whose roots are interconnected by a complete clique), our algorithm produces a valid solution. We then extend the algorithm to other cases. We present some preliminary evaluation results obtained with the SimGrid simulator.
TCP/IP Performance Near I/O Bus Bandwidth on Multi-Core Systems: 10-Gigabit Ethernet vs. Multi-Port Gigabit Ethernet

With significant advances in network interfaces, I/O bus, and processor architecture of end node, innovative approaches are required to achieve high network bandwidth by fully utilizing available system resources. The issues related can be summarized into two: (i) Utilizing I/O bus bandwidth for high bandwidth network connection and (ii) Utilizing multiple cores for high packet processing throughput. In this paper, we conduct several experiments on a multi-core system with 10 GigE and multi-port 1 GigE network interfaces. We aim to show the impact of system configurations on the network performance and compare the performance of two different network interfaces. The experimental results show that, with the proper interrupt affinity configurations, the multi-port 1 GigE can achieve comparable bandwidth to 10 GigE. The peak bandwidth achieved by the multi-port 1 GigE is 6.7 Gbps, which is more than 80% of the theoretical maximum I/O bus bandwidth on the experimental system. We, however, also show that the multi-port 1 GigE can consume much more processor resource than 10 GigE. More importantly, we reveal that processing the packets on many cores can result in more resource consumption without much benefit. This can be because of locking overhead between softirqs running on different cores and lower cache efficiency. We show that the more tuning on the configuration cannot overcome this side effect.