Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ketamine: Teaching an Old Drug New Tricks

K etamine has a special position among anesthetic drugs. It was introduced into clinical practice >30 yr ago with the hope that it would function as a “monoanesthetic” drug: inducing analgesia, amnesia, loss of consciousness, and immobility. This dream was not fulfilled because significant side effects were soon reported. With the introduction of other IV anesthetic drugs, ketamine’s role diminished rapidly. However, it is still used clinically for indications such as induction of anesthesia in patients in hemodynamic shock; induction of anesthesia in patients with active asthmatic disease; IM sedation of uncooperative patients, particularly children; supplementation of incomplete regional or local anesthesia; sedation in the intensive care setting; and short, painful procedures, such as dressing changes in burn patients. However, recent insights into ketamine’s anesthetic mechanism of action and its neuronal effects, as well as a reevaluation of its profound analgesic properties, offer the potential of expanding this range of indications. In addition, studies with the S(+) ketamine isomer suggest that its use may be associated with fewer side effects than the racemic mixture. In this article, we review the mechanism of action of ketamine anesthesia, the pharmacologic properties of its stereoisomers, and the potential uses of ketamine for preemptive analgesia and neuroprotection. Several aspects discussed herein have been reviewed previously (l-4).
Purification and some properties of Aeromonas hydrophila hemolysin

A hemolysin produced by a strain of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from a patient with diarrhea was purified by acid precipitation and quarternary aminoethyl-Sephadex chromatography. The molecular weight of the hemolysin was estimated at 50,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and at 48,000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4.0 and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the hemolysin migrated as a single band, whereas electrophoresis at pH 9.4 and thin-layer isoelectric focusing demonstrated multiple bands. The results may indicate charge isomers of the hemolysin. The purified hemolysin had a hemolytic activity of 134 hemolytic units per microgram of protein on rabbit erythrocytes. It caused fluid accumulation in infant mouse intestines and rabbit ligated ileal loops. Purified hemolysin also elicited cytotoxicity to Vero cells and lethal toxicity to mice. All these biological activities were lost on heating for 5 min at 56 degrees C. These findings support the notion that A. hydrophila hemolysin is a cytotoxic enterotoxin.
Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty for Neglected Tuberculosis of the Hip in Endemic Area (Papua, Indonesia): A Case Report

Most tuberculosis infections of the musculoskeletal system occur in the spine, hip or knee with Hip tuberculosis (TB) constituting 15%-20%. Highest rates of the tuberculosis cases in Indonesia occur in Papua. Neglected cases or delayed treatment can make management challenging. We present a 47 years old Papuan man who presented with progressive destructive TB of the hip due to lack of resources and access to adequate healthcare. He underwent a limited duration of anti-tuberculosis regimen and subsequently had debridement, girdlestone, and cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) of the affected hip. From this case we conclude that hip arthroplasty in tuberculous arthritis of the hip with compliant administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs is a safe procedure with either cemented or cementless implants.
The Relationship between Risk-Taking, Sensation-Seeking, and the Tourist Behavior of Young Adults: A Cross-Cultural Study

This study analyzed the effects of the combined psychological characteristics of risk-taking and sensation seeking on the travel behavior and preferred tourist activities of young adults on leisure trips. The results of this cross-cultural study, which was conducted among 1,429 students at 11 universities located in 11 different countries, found that respondents with high combined risk-taking and sensation seeking (RSS) scores differed significantly in their travel behavior, mode of destination choice, preferred tourist activities and demographics, from those who had low RSS scores. The study also discovered a significant difference between nationalities on RSS scores.
Design issues in a semiotic description of user responses to three interfaces

Semiotics has been used as a theoretical basis for systematizing the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of human-computer interaction. This paper focuses on the descriptive qualities of semiotics which are useful for understanding the user perspective of computer systems. The end goal is to assess the application of such semiotic description in interface design. An experiment is presented in which volunteers were asked to use and describe three interfaces created with the Apple Macintosh product Hypercard. A semiotic interpretation is given to their responses based on six principles taken from the relevant literature. The evaluation is then used to lay down a set of general guidelines for interface design.
Group Size and Anonymity Effects on Computer-Mediated Idea Generation

Some for,ns of computer-mediated communication enable groups to engage simultaneously in multiple electronic conversations. One interesting aspect of this technology, in addition to this parallelism, is that the channel is configurable to support forms of group interaction that were previously difficult, if not impossible. This article reports a laboratory experiment that examined the effects of group size (3 and 9 members) and group member anonymity on the performance of groups using a computer-mediated idea-generation system. Although group members in all conditions made, on average, the same number of comments, larger groups generated significantly more ideas (and higher-quality ideas as rated by judges) than did smaller groups. Anzonymity had no effect on ideational performance. Members of small-idenitified groups made the fewest critical remarks, were the most satisfied, and rated themselves more effective than group members from the other experimental conditions.
Real-time 3D environment perception: An application for small humanoid robots

This paper presents a modular software architecture based on a stereo camera system that makes real-time 3D perception, interaction and navigation for small humanoid robots possible. The hardware-independent architecture can be used for several purposes, like 3D visualisation, object recognition, selflocalization, collision avoidance et cetera. First of all, the intrinsic calibration parameters of the stereo camera system are identified. Then the lens distortions of the input images are revised, and both images are rectified according to the extrinsic parameters to facilitate the subsequent correspondence analysis. The imaged scenery, as well as a region of interest, can be reconstructed either by the block-matching, the Schirai- or the Birchfield algorithm, followed by triangulation back into 3D space. Finally, the above-mentioned aims can be tackled based on the resulting 3D model computed by our modular software architecture.
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Associated Up‐Regulation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors: Correlated Changes in mGluR1 mRNA and Protein Expression in Experimental Animals and Human Patients

Aberrant axonal reorganization and altered distribution of neurotransmitter receptor subtypes have been proposed as major pathogenic mechanisms for hippocampal hyperexcitability in chronic temporal lobe epilepsies (TLE). Recent data point to excitatory class I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) as interesting candidates. Here, we have analyzed the hippocampal distribution and mRNA expression of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in two rat models of limbic seizures, i.e. electrical kindling and intraperitoneal kainate injections, as well as in human TLE. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis detected a significant increase of hippocampal mGluR1 gene transcript levels in kainate treated and kindled rats. In addition, microdissected hippocampal tissue samples localized this increase to the dentate gyrus. Using immunohistochemistry with mGluR1α subtype specific antibodies, increased labeling was observed within the dentate gyrus molecular layer (DG-ML). A similar pattern of increased mGluR1α neuropil staining was found within the DG-ML of epilepsy patients (n = 42) compared with peritumoral hippocampus specimens obtained from nonepileptic patients (biopsy controls, n = 3). This increase was detected in TLE patients with segmental hippocampal cell loss, as well as in TLE patients with focal lesions but no histopathological alterations of the hippocampus. In contrast, mGluR5 immunoreactivity and mRNA expression were not significantly altered in the DG-ML. Our data demonstrate a striking regional induction of mGluR1α in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of experimental animals with limbic seizures as well as in human patients with chronic, intractable TLE. This increase corresponds to functional alterations of class I mGluRs observed in seizure models and may significantly contribute to hippocampal hyperexcitability in focal human epilepsies.
Retention of multilineage differentiation potential of mesenchymal cells during proliferation in response to FGF.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that can differentiate to various connective tissue cells may be useful for autologous cell transplantation to defects of bone, cartilage, and tendon, if MSC can be expanded in vitro. However, a short life span of MSC and a reduction in their differentiation potential in culture have limited their clinical application. The purpose of this study is to identify a growth factor(s) involved in self-renewal of MSC and the maintenance of their multilineage differentiation potential. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) markedly increased the growth rate and the life span of rabbit, canine, and human bone marrow MSC in monolayer cultures. This effect of FGF-2 was more prominent in low-density cultures than in high-density cultures. In addition, all MSC expanded in vitro with FGF-2, but not without FGF-2, differentiated to chondrocytes in pellet cultures. The FGF+ MSC also retained the osteogenic and adipogenic potential throughout many mitotic divisions. These findings suggest that FGFs play a crucial role in self-renewal of MSC.
Concerted Evolution of Repetitive DNA Sequences in Eukaryotes

A large fraction, sometimes the largest fraction, of a eukaryotic genome consists of repeated DNA sequences. Copy numbers range from several thousand to millions per diploid genome. All classes of repetitive DNA sequences examined to date exhibit apparently general, but little studied, patterns of "concerted evolution. " Historically, concerted evolution has been defined as the nonindependent evolution of repetitive of repetitive DNA sequences, resulting in a sequence similarity of repeating units that is greater within than among species. This intraspecific homogenization of repetitive sequence arrays is said to take place via the poorly understood mechanisms of "molecular drive. " The evolutionary populations dynamics of molecular drive remains largely unstudied in natural populations, and thus the potential significance of these evolutionary dynamics for population differentiation is unknown. This review attemps to demonstrate the potential importance of the mechanisms responsible for concerted evolution in the differentiation of populations. It contends that any natural grouping that is characterized by reproductive isolation and limited gene flow is capable of exhibiting concerted evolution of repetitive DNA arrays. Such effects are known to occur in protein and RNA-coding repetitive sequences, as well as in so-called "junk DNA," and thus have important implications for the differentiation and discrimination of natural populations.
Shaping the Other

This article examines the micro politics of organizational change by presenting the results of a long-term case study of complex technological change in an automotive manufacturing firm. The article focuses on the political contest around the generation of legitimate knowledge within the change program. The article discusses managerial strategies of knowledge appropriation and employee strategies of resistance to such appropriation. The article follows the evolving managerial accounts of change and highlights the way in which managers developed pragmatic accounts of change in response to the concerns of the employees, accounts that left intact their claims to be change experts in control of the change process.
More Than Just Free Content

This study explores file sharers' reported motivations for downloading and uploading content on peer-to-peer networks, including ethical obligations guiding file sharing. Drawing on Lessig's classification of purposes of file sharing and Giesler's theoretical framework of gifting systems, 40 in-depth interviews were conducted with file sharers in Singapore using a standard protocol, then transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Downloading is perceived as an alternative through which users satisfy desires that existing markets do not meet. Respondents reported downloading to avoid long waits for content to arrive in Singapore; to access difficult-to-find and censored content; to sample content, including content outside their usual tastes; and because downloading is convenient and free. Respondents reported a norm of reciprocity and sense of community that motivated them to upload and an obligation to purchase content they liked. Implications for understanding and combating file sharing during the inevitable transition to other business models are discussed.
Prejudiced Attitude Measurement Using the Rasch Rating Scale Model

There have been two basic approaches for the study of minority group prejudice against the majority: to adapt instruments from the majority group, and to use qualitative techniques by analyzing the content of the discourse of the groups involved. Neither of these procedures solves the problem of measuring intergroup attitudes of majorities and minorities in interaction. This study shows the result of a prejudice scale which was developed to measure the attitude of both the minority and majority groups. Prejudice is conceived as an attitude which requires the beliefs or opinions about the out-group, the emotions it elicits, and the behavior or intentional behavior toward it to be known for its evaluation. The innovation in this work is that the psychometric development of the scale was based on the item response theory, and more specifically, the rating scale model.
Region Tracking via Level Set PDEs without Motion Computation

We propose an approach to region tracking that is derived from a Bayesian formulation. The novelty of the approach is twofold. First, no motion field or motion parameters need to be computed. This removes a major burden since accurate motion computation has been and remains a challenging problem and the quality of region tracking algorithms based on motion critically depends on the computed motion fields and parameters. The second novelty of this approach, is that very little a priori information about the region being tracked is used in the algorithm. In particular, unlike numerous tracking algorithms, no assumption is made on the strength of the intensity edges of the boundary of the region being tracked, nor is its shape assumed to be of a certain parametric form. The problem of region tracking is formulated as a Bayesian estimation problem and the resulting tracking algorithm is expressed as a level set partial differential equation. We present further extensions to this partial differential equation, allowing the possibility of including additional information in the tracking process, such as priors on the region's intensity boundaries and we present the details of the numerical implementation. Very promising experimental results are provided.
A better communcation with the patients improves the management of HIV disease: a nonsystematic review

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne, sexually transmissible virus which belongs to a subset of viruses called retroviruses. Patients with HIV disease face problems like stigma, discrimination, poverty and marginalization. These problems also affect the physician-patient communication in HIV disease. Learning to conduct a consultation is a complex skill which is gradually learned and perfected during training and career. Good physician-patient communication in HIV disease demands medical professional competence, good communication skills, ethical behaviour, respect of patient’s dignity, good teamwork skills and maintaining confidentiality. The most important aspect of patient care is education, which should include empowering patients with basic knowledge about HIV infection, methods of transmission, progression, prognosis, and prevention. A multidisciplinary approach that uses the special skills of nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists, social workers, and case managers is desirable. Effective methods for clinicians to support such development are needed.
The demotion of alpha‐homo sapiens: Consciousness, punctuated equilibrium, and the laws of the game

The result of using Eigen and Winkler's LIFE/DEATH GAME to integrate Rashevksy's social physics and Rapoport's mathematical game theory, synchrony removes the arbitrariness from problems of ethics. It focuses on the primary conflicts between strategies that optimize individual survival and those that optimize survival of groups. According to synchrony, cooperation is an optimal strategy, not because cooperation conforms to some ethical pattern, but because the evolution of our technical societies has made the alternatives to cooperation potentially lethal at all levels of human interaction. Eigen and Winkler offer hypercycles as a possible method of resolving problems that conventional wisdom has labeled “irreconcilable differences. ” Combined with the findings of clinical psychologist Paul Meehl and cultural anthropologist Magoroh Maruyama, Eigen and Winkler's LIFE/ DEATH GAME indicates that a pattern of reasoning, called Alpha‐H, is not only a formidable obstacle to cooperation, it threatens contemporary.
Connecting relatives in virtual worlds: The kinship networks

The effect of the Internet on everyday life is huge, especially for what concerns the number and quality of our social relationships, including friendships and kinship. Fortunately, the complex network theory recently made it feasible to analyze real and large social networks, making it possible to understand their behavior and dynamics, including why and how social connections are established and what actually imply in the real world, the attitudes toward collaboration, and many other issues. In this article, a proposal for building and enhancing personal kinship networks is presented; this Kinship Search System allows each user to craft his or her genealogical tree by exploring and searching existing acquaintances and friendship relations that connect relatives among themselves and with other people.
Quantification of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds in a New Chrysanthemum Cultivar by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. have been used as an herbal tea and in traditional medicine, and the plant has been developed to produce horticultural cultivars of various colors and shapes. In this study, a new chrysanthemum cultivar with dark purple petals (C. morifolium cv. ARTI-Dark Chocolate; ADC) was developed by radiation-induced mutation breeding of its original cultivar with purple striped white petals (C. morifolium cv. Noble Wine, NW). The phenolic profile and antioxidant property of ADC were investigated and compared with NW and the commercially available medicinal herb, C. morifolium with yellow petals (CM), in order to find a scientific support to produce a new source of natural antioxidant. Flavonoid and phenolic acid profiles of the ethanol extracts of the three flowers were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESIMS), while antioxidant properties were evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Among the tested flowers, ADC possessed the strongest antioxidant capacity and the highest phenolic contents. Flavonoids (acacetin, apigenin, luteolin, acacetin-7-O-β-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside, and linarin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid and mixture of 1,4-, 1,5-, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids) were identified and quantified.
Multisensory language teaching in a multidimensional curriculum : The use of authentic bimodal video in core French

In this article, it is argued that 'bimodal video' is an effective way of enhancing second language (L2) learners' understanding of authentic texts and their learning of content and vocabulary in the L2. Bimodal video is subtitled in the L2 and provides simultaneous exposure to spoken language, printed text, and visual information, all conveying the same message. A positive effect is deemed possible even in the case of relatively inexperienced students of the language. Supporting empirical evidence, including a recent study conducted by the author with Grade 11 core French students, is reported and discussed in light of instructional objectives and recommendations of the multidimensional curriculum designed to enrich core French programs in Canada. Relevant pedagogical implications and future research directions are also proposed.
A large scale annotated child language construction database

Large scale annotated corpora of child language can be of great value in assessing theoretical proposals regarding language acquisition models. For example, they can help determine whether the type and amount of data required by a proposed language acquisition model can actually be found in a naturalistic data sample. To this end, several recent efforts have augmented the CHILDES child language corpora with POS tagging and parsing information for languages such as English. With the increasing availability of robust NLP systems and electronic resources, these corpora can be further annotated with more detailed information about the properties of words, verb argument structure, and sentences. This paper describes such an initiative for combining information from various sources to extend the annotation of the English CHILDES corpora with linguistic, psycholinguistic and distributional information, along with an example illustrating an application of this approach to the extraction of verb alternation information. The end result, the English CHILDES Verb Construction Database, is an integrated resource containing information such as grammatical relations, verb semantic classes, and age of acquisition, enabling more targeted complex searches involving different levels of annotation that can facilitate a more detailed analysis of the linguistic input available to children.
THE MODULI SPACES OF CURVES AND ABELIAN VARIETIES 459 Over the complex ground field

§ 1. The purpose of this talk is to collect together what seem to me to be the most basic moduli spaces (for curves and abelian varieties) and to indicate some of their most important interrelations and the key features of their internal structure, in particular those that come from the theta functions. We start with abelian varieties. Fix an integer g ^ 1. To classify g-dimensional abelian varieties, the natural moduli spaces are: C moduli space of pairs (X, X), X a g-dimensional "Ì sfW = 1 abelian variety, X : X -• X a polarization such > [ that deg (X) = n J