Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Academic Achievement Goal Structures and Young Adolescents' Biased Preferences for Peers as Cooperation Partners: A Longitudinal Study

Structures de buts d’accomplissement academiques et preferences biaisees de jeunes adolescents pour les pairs comme partenaires de cooperation: une etude longitudinaleCette etude integre les elements de comprehensions issus de la theorie des buts d’accomplissement et de la theorie de l’identite sociale de maniere a examiner les relations entre la perception de la mise en avant des buts de maitrise et de performance de la part des enseignants – les structures de buts d’accomplissement – et le bais des etudiants pour cooperer avec des pairs similaires a eux-memes. L’etude a suivi 100 etudiants au moment de la transition de l’ecole primaire au college. La perception de la structure de buts comme orientee vers la maitrise au college est negativement reliee a la preference biaisee pour les partenaires de cooperation ; la perception de la structure de buts comme orientee vers la performance au college est positivement reliee a ces preferences biaisees, apres controle des preferences biaisees, structures de buts, buts d’accomplissements personnels et efficacite academique initiaux, mesures a l’ecole primaire. Ces relations sont observees apres avoir controle egalement les preferences des etudiants pour la cooperation avec des pairs de meme niveau academique, ce qui donne du credit aux hypotheses concernant les processus d’identite sociale declenches par les structures de buts d’accomplissement academiques.
Dynamic DNA methylation in the brain: a new epigenetic mark for experience-dependent plasticity

Experience-dependent plasticity is the ability of brain circuits to undergo molecular, structural and functional changes as a function of neural activity. Neural activity continuously shapes our brain during all the stages of our life, from infancy through adulthood and beyond. Epigenetic modifications of histone proteins and DNA seem to be a leading molecular mechanism to modulate the transcriptional changes underlying the fine-tuning of synaptic connections and circuitry rewiring during activity-dependent plasticity. The recent discovery that cytosine methylation is an epigenetic mark particularly dynamic in brain cells has strongly increased the interest of neuroscientists in understanding the role of covalent modifications of DNA in activity-induced remodeling of neuronal circuits. Here, we provide an overview of the role of DNA methylation and hydroxylmethylation in brain plasticity both during adulthood, with emphasis on learning and memory related processes, and during postnatal development, focusing specifically on experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex.
Influence of Cyclooxygenase-1 Genotype on ex vivo Aspirin Response in Patients at Risk for Stroke

Background: We sought to determine whether cyclooxygenase-1 (PTGS1) genotype is associated with the ability of aspirin to inhibit platelet aggregation in patients at risk for stroke. Methods: Blood and urine samples were collected from 60 subjects, including 28 African Americans, who were taking aspirin for primary or secondary stroke prevention. Samples were analyzed for the PTGS1 A–707G, PTGS1 P17L, and glycoprotein IIIa (ITGB3)P1A1/A2 genotypes, ex-vivo platelet aggregation, serum cholesterol, plasma salicylate levels, and urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dhTxB2) concentrations. The association between PTGS1 A–707G and P17L genotypes and aspirin response, as assessed by ex vivo studies and 11-dhTxB2 concentrations, was evaluated by statistical testing and nonlinear mapping. Results: Salicylate concentrations, ITGB3 genotype distribution and 11-dhTxB2 concentrations were similar among PTGS1 genotype groups. More subjects with the PTGS1 17PP versus PL genotype had incomplete ex-vivo inhibition of platelet aggregation by aspirin (57 vs. 20%; p = 0.04). Fifty-nine percent of subjects homozygous for both the PTGS –707A and 17P alleles, but none with both the PTGS1 –707G and 17L alleles had incomplete inhibition with aspirin; p = 0.04. Similarly, nonlinear mapping showed a direct relationship between the PTGS1 17P allele and decreased aspirin response. When analyzed separately by ethnicity, the association with the P17L genotype and aspirin response persisted in African Americans, but not Caucasians. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the PTGS1 P17L genotype contributes to response to aspirin as assessed by ex-vivo platelet aggregation. Our data further suggest that the association between PTGS1 genotype and aspirin response might vary by ethnicity.
The Rules of Integration : Institutionalist Approaches to the Study of Europe

This volume assesses the merits of institutionalist research on the European Union. It offers a comprehensive review of the field and detailed analytical studies of diverse decision making processes and policies. It engages the different strands in institutionalism in serious dialogue. Prop onenets of rationalist, historical and sociological tendencies present original research and criticise each other's contributions in constructive ways. The book concentrates on the creation and maintenance of rules as well as the impact of these institutions in particular fields. It examines the dominating paradigm in integration studies and offers a comprehensive review of institutionalist research and contains detailed empirical studies.
Energy-efficient cooperative protocols for full-duplex relay channels

In this work, energy-efficient cooperative protocols are studied for full-duplex relaying (FDR) with loopback interference. In these protocols, relay assistance is only sought under certain conditions on the different link outages to ensure effective cooperation. Recently, an energy-efficient selective decode-and-forward protocol was proposed for FDR, and was shown to outperform existing schemes in terms of outage. Here, we propose an incremental selective decode-and-forward protocol that offers additional power savings, while keeping the same outage performance. We compare the performance of the two protocols in terms of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio cumulative distribution function via closed-form expressions. Finally, we corroborate our theoretical results with simulation, and show the relative relay power savings in comparison to non-selective cooperation in which the relay cooperates regardless of channel conditions.
An adaptive microscheduler for a multiprogrammed computer system

The objective of this paper is the description of the development and verification of a new, adaptive method of internal scheduling of resources, with the goal of the optimization of computer system performance. A general system effectiveness measure is defined which parametrically encompasses the prototypical system effectiveness measures to be considered. The adaptive internal scheduler then selects such tasks for resource allocation request fulfillment that a local system effectiveness measure, derived from the general measure, is optimized, leading to semi-optimization of the general measure. The adaptive scheduler functions, as a second-order exponential estimator. A predicator-corrector algorithm functions as the adaptive controller by varying the estimator's parameters and the time of application of the estimator in response to the nature of the sequence of deviations between the predicted and actual values of resource utilization. In order to validate the new scheduler, a workload description in the form of task profile distributions was gathered by a software monitor on the Georgia Tech B5700 running a live job stream. A simulator was developed to allow the comparison of the new scheduler with other nonadaptive schedulers shown to be good by various researchers, under various general system effectiveness measure prototypes. The simulators was validated by running it with the B5700 TSSMCP scheduler against the B5700 workload job profiles. Values resulting from the simulation checked against those of the measured B5700 system quite well. The results of other simulation runs show that the new adaptive scheduler is clearly statistically superior to other schedulers under most measures considered and is inferior to no other scheduler under any measure considered, at least in that environment. Only the new internal scheduler is described here.
Smart fabric, or "wearable clothing"

Wearable computers can now merge seamlessly into ordinary clothing. Using various conductive textiles, data and power distribution as well as sensing circuitry can be incorporated directly into wash-and-wear clothing. This paper describes some of the techniques used to build circuits from commercially available fabrics, yarns, fasteners, and components.
Adding a Medical Lexicon to an English Parser

We present a heuristic method to map lexical (syntactic) information from one lexicon to another, and apply the technique to augment the lexicon of the Link Grammar Parser with an enormous medical vocabulary drawn from the Specialist lexicon developed by the National Library of Medicine. This paper presents and justifies the mapping method and addresses technical problems that have to be overcome. It illustrates the utility of the method with respect to a large corpus of emergency department notes.
Effects of Aloe vera supplementation in subjects with prediabetes/metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome affects 1 in 3 U.S. adults. The primary target of treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome is therapeutic lifestyle change. Numerous animal trials have reported positive effects of Aloe vera in in vivo models of diabetes, but there is a paucity of controlled clinical trials in patients with prediabetes. Thus, the objective of this pilot study was to examine the effect of aloe compared to placebo on fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in subjects with prediabetes/metabolic syndrome. METHODS This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved pilot study of two aloe products (UP780 and AC952) in patients with prediabetes over an 8-week period. A total of 45 subjects with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance and having two other features of metabolic syndrome were recruited (n=15/group). Parameters of glycemia [fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)] and oxidative stress (urinary F2-isoprostanes) were measured along with lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels before and after supplementation. RESULTS There were no significant baseline differences between groups. Compared to placebo, only the AC952 Aloe vera inner leaf gel powder resulted in significant reduction in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, glucose, and fructosamine. In the UP780 Aloe vera inner leaf gel powder standardized with 2% aloesin group, there were significant reductions in HbA1c, fructosamine, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA. Only the UP780 aloe group had a significant reduction in the F2-isoprostanes compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Standardized aloe preparations offer an attractive adjunctive strategy to revert the impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance observed in conditions of prediabetes/metabolic syndrome.
1‐Point RANSAC for extended Kalman filtering: Application to real‐time structure from motion and visual odometry

Random sample consensus (RANSAC) has become one of the most successful techniques for robust estimation from a data set that may contain outliers. It works by constructing model hypotheses from random minimal data subsets and evaluating their validity from the support of the whole data. In this paper we present a novel combination of RANSAC plus extended Kalman filter (EKF) that uses the available prior probabilistic information from the EKF in the RANSAC model hypothesize stage. This allows the minimal sample size to be reduced to one, resulting in large computational savings without the loss of discriminative power. 1‐Point RANSAC is shown to outperform both in accuracy and computational cost the joint compatibility branch and bound (JCBB) algorithm, a gold‐standard technique for spurious rejection within the EKF framework. Two visual estimation scenarios are used in the experiments: first, six‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) motion estimation from a monocular sequence (structure from motion). Here, a new method for benchmarking six‐DOF visual estimation algorithms based on the use of high‐resolution images is presented, validated, and used to show the superiority of 1‐point RANSAC. Second, we demonstrate long‐term robot trajectory estimation combining monocular vision and wheel odometry (visual odometry). Here, a comparison against global positioning system shows an accuracy comparable to state‐of‐the‐art visual odometry methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Computational Anatomy of Psychosis

This paper considers psychotic symptoms in terms of false inferences or beliefs. It is based on the notion that the brain is an inference machine that actively constructs hypotheses to explain or predict its sensations. This perspective provides a normative (Bayes-optimal) account of action and perception that emphasizes probabilistic representations; in particular, the confidence or precision of beliefs about the world. We will consider hallucinosis, abnormal eye movements, sensory attenuation deficits, catatonia, and delusions as various expressions of the same core pathology: namely, an aberrant encoding of precision. From a cognitive perspective, this represents a pernicious failure of metacognition (beliefs about beliefs) that can confound perceptual inference. In the embodied setting of active (Bayesian) inference, it can lead to behaviors that are paradoxically more accurate than Bayes-optimal behavior. Crucially, this normative account is accompanied by a neuronally plausible process theory based upon hierarchical predictive coding. In predictive coding, precision is thought to be encoded by the post-synaptic gain of neurons reporting prediction error. This suggests that both pervasive trait abnormalities and florid failures of inference in the psychotic state can be linked to factors controlling post-synaptic gain – such as NMDA receptor function and (dopaminergic) neuromodulation. We illustrate these points using biologically plausible simulations of perceptual synthesis, smooth pursuit eye movements and attribution of agency – that all use the same predictive coding scheme and pathology: namely, a reduction in the precision of prior beliefs, relative to sensory evidence.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Marine Ecosystems of the American Continents: Foresight from Current Knowledge

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of synthetic halogenated organic compounds used in commercial and household products, such as textiles, furniture, and electronics, to increase their flame ignition resistance and to meet fire safety standards. The demonstrated persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxic potential of these compounds in animals and in humans are of increasing concern. The oceans are considered global sinks for PBDEs, as higher levels are found in marine organisms than in terrestrial biota. For the past three decades, North America has dominated the world market demand for PBDEs, consuming 95% of the penta-BDE formulation. Accordingly, the PBDE concentrations in marine biota and people from North America are the highest in the world and are increasing. Despite recent restrictions on penta- and octa-BDE commercial formulations, penta-BDE containing products will remain a reservoir for PBDE release for years to come, and the deca-BDE formulation is still in high-volume use. In this paper, we review all available data on the occurrence and trends of PBDEs in the marine ecosystems (air, water, sediments, invertebrates, fish, seabirds, and marine mammals) of North and South America. We outline here our concerns about the potential future impacts of large existing stores of banned PBDEs in consumer products, and the vast and growing reservoirs of deca-BDE as well as new and naturally occurring brominated compounds on marine ecosystems.
Relative Deprivation: Specification, Development, and Integration

1. Introduction Iain Walker and Heather Smith Part I. Specification: 2. Group deprivation, collective threat, and racial resentment: perspectives on white racism Marylee C. Taylor 3. Understanding the nature of group deprivation: does group-based deprivation involve fair outcomes or fair treatment? Tom R. Tyler and E. Allan Lind 4. Relative deprivation and intergroup attitudes: South Africa before and after the transition John Duckitt and Thobi Mputhing 5. Is it just me? The different consequences of personal and group relative deprivation Heather J. Smith and Daniel J. Ortiz Part II. Development: 6. Personal and group relative deprivation: connecting the 'I' to the 'we' Francine Tougas and Ann M. Beaton 7. 'Poisoning the consciences of the fortunate': the experience of relative advantage and support Colin Wayne Leach, Nastia Snider and Aarti Iyer 8. The embeddedness of social comparison C. David Gartrell 9. Japanese and American reactions to gender discrimination Matthew Crosby, Kazuho Ozawa and Faye Crosby 10. Collective action in response to disadvantage: intergroup perceptions, social identification, and social change Stephen C. Wright and Linda R. Tropp Part III. Integration: 11. Social identity and relative deprivation Naomi Ellemers 12. Relative deprivation and counterfactual thinking James M. Olson and Neal J. Roese 13. Relative deprivation and attribution: from grievance to action Iain Walker, Ngai Kin Wong and Kerry Kretzschmar 14. Spontaneous temporal and social comparisons in children's conflict narratives Anne Wilson, Etsuko Hoshino-Browne and Michael Ross 15. Prejudice as intergroup emotion: integrating relative deprivation and social comparison Eliot R. Smith and Colin Ho Part IV. Conclusion: 16. Conclusion Thomas F. Pettigrew.
Differential carrier loop estimation for digital vestigial side band modulation

In this paper we address the problem of phase recovery for a digital VSB modulation. Two criteria, a Constant Modulus and MSE, which exploit the properties of VSB signaling in the presence of noise are proposed and analyzed. The extrema of the objective functions and their domains of attraction are derived. Under mild conditions on the statistics of the input sequence, it is shown that the derivative of these functions can be used as a new phase detector in a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) implementation. An effective semi-blind solution which consists of a combination of the MSE and CM phase detectors is introduced and analyzed.
Beyond precision@10: clustering the long tail of web search results

The paper addresses the missing user acceptance of web search result clustering. We report on selected analyses and propose new concepts to improve existing result clustering approaches. Our findings in a nutshell are: 1. Don't compete with a search engine's top hits. In response to a query we presume search engines to return an optimal result list in the sense of the probabilistic ranking principle: documents that are expected by the majority of users are placed on top and form the result list head. We argue that, with respect to the top results, it is not beneficial to replace this established form of result presentation. 2. Improve document access in the result list tail. Documents that address the information need of "minorities" appear at some position in the result list tail. Especially for ambiguous and multi-faceted queries we expect this tail to be long, with many users appreciating different documents. In this situation web search result clustering can improve user satisfaction by reorganizing the long tail into topic-specific clusters. 3. Avoid shadowing when constructing cluster labels. We show that most of the cluster labels that are generated by current clustering technology occur within the snippets of the result list head--an effect which we call shadowing. The value of such labels for topic organization and navigating within a clustering of the entire result list is limited. We propose and analyze a filtering approach to significantly alleviate the label shadowing effect.
Strategies for communication research

Hirsch et al present a selection of the most important scholarly research on organizational analysis and field study; quantitative data collection and modelling; and conceptualization of time and temporal order -- areas of vital concern to communication researchers. 'The sixth volume of Sage Annual Reviews of Communications Research is a stimulating one. It is divided into three parts, each mirroring a special interest of one of the three editors.gives rise to more than one unexpected insight.Therefore, it is a valuable volume. ' -- Sociology and Social Research, Vol 64 No 1, 1980
green fluorescent protein

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein in the jellyfish Aequorea Victoria [8] that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light. The protein has 238 amino acids, three of them (Numbers 65 to 67) form a structure that emits visible green fluorescent light. In the jellyfish, GFP interacts with another protein, called aequorin, which emits blue light when added with calcium. Biologists use GFP to study cells in embryos and fetuses during developmental processes.
Static magnetic field of 6 mT induces apoptosis and alters cell cycle in p53 mutant Jurkat cells

This study aimed to investigate the effect of 6 milliTesla (mT) static magnetic field (SMF) on apoptosis induction and cell cycle alteration in T-lymphoblastoid Jurkat E6.1 cells. Exposure of human p53 mutant Jurkat cells to 6 mT SMF resulted in apoptosis, which was detected by luminometric and flow cytometric analysis also, phosphorylated ATM and E2F1 proteins were detected by western blot analysis. Based on luminescence detection data, apoptosis initiated 36 h after exposure to 6 mT SMF. Apoptosis also reached its maximum rate 48 h after treatment. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a temporary G2 arrest after exposure to 6 mT SMF. Indeed, cellular population of S and G2 phases was increased. Based on reports of other investigations on the effect of magnetic fields on Ca2+flux changes in cell membranes and the effect of MFs on free radical formation, it can be suggested that the magnetic fields may induce the apoptosis and alter the cell population in different cell cycle phases of Jurkat cells via changing the Ca2+fluxes through cell membranes and playing a role in free radical formation. Western blot analysis showed that the amount of phosphorylated ATM and E2F1 proteins were increased in treated cells. The results of luminometric and flow cytometric detection did not show a significant difference in the apoptosis rate between 6 h-treated and 24 h-treated cells by 6 mT SMF. Thus, 6 mT SMF can induce apoptosis and alter cell cycle in Jurkat cells via a p53-independent pathway.