Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introducing size-oriented dropping policies as QoS-supportive functions

The continuous increase of Internet users worldwide, as well as the extensive need to support real-time traffic and bulk data transfers simultaneously, has directed research towards service differentiation schemes. These schemes either propose techniques that provide users with the necessary quality guarantees or follow a "better-than-best-effort" approach to satisfy broadly the varying needs of different applications. We depart from our new service principle called Less Impact Better Service (LIBS) and propose a novel service differentiation method, namely size-oriented dropping policies, which uses packet size to categorize time-sensitive from delay-tolerant flows and prioritize packet dropping probability, accordingly. Unlike existing proposals, the distinction of flows is dynamic and the notion of packet size is abstract and comparative; a packet size is judged as a unit within a dynamic sample space, that is, current queue occupancy. We evaluate size-oriented dropping policies both analytically and experimentally; we observe a significant increase on the perceived quality of real-time applications. Delaysensitive flows increase their bandwidth share, to reach a state of system fairness, regulating the dominant behavior of bulk-data flows.
A Cluster Analysis of HIV Risk among Felony Drug Offenders

HIV risk profiles were investigated using cluster analysis with 247 male felony drug offenders. Two clusters were produced, distinguishable by high frequency of sex behaviors that were largely unprotected, or high frequency drug use. Exploratory analysis examining latent HIV predictors by risk type found older age, troubled feelings over drug problems, memory and concentration difficulties, higher frequency of burglary charges, and physical abuse history were predictive of drug-related HIV risk. Family problems, spending free time with family or friends, troubled feelings over medical problems, driving under the influence of drugs, anxiety, high risk-taking, polysubstance use, and using wages for drugs were predictive of sex-related HIV risk. Findings suggest intervention efforts for felony drug offenders need to address differential risk behaviors.
A novel wideband circular polarization microstrip antenna - combination of different shaped antenna element

Although microstrip patch antennas have narrow VSWR and axial ratio bandwidth characteristics, they possess very attractive features, such as simple structure, low profile, light weight, low cost, etc. Satellite communication system mobile terminals are required to be small in size because of satellite antennas with high gain spot beams. As terminals become smaller, antennas for the terminals are also required to be low profile, light weight, simple structure, etc. Mobile terminal Earth station antennas, particularly for ship satellite communications systems, are mainly parabolic reflector antennas or helical array antennas. However, these antennas are too large for spot beam satellite antenna system. A novel low profile wideband circular polarization microstrip antenna is proposed. The antenna is composed of a combination of different shaped elements. As one example of the use of satellite communications system, the proposed antenna is applied to an INMARSAT Fleet F33 antenna. The calculated and measured results are demonstrated.
Mute those claims: No evidence (yet) for a causal link between arts study and academic achievement

In the American educational climate of today, "basic" academic skills are valued while the arts are considered a frill. Many major urban school districts have cut back on arts education in order to strengthen academic subjects.1 Even though most of our schools have some arts education, and even though most of our citizens say they want their children to be exposed to the arts in school,2 only one in four students in American schools sings, plays an instrument, or performs plays in class each week.3 When budgets are tight, the arts are almost always the first programs to be cut. In reaction to the marginalization of the arts, arts educators and arts advocates have understandably sought evidence that the arts contribute to basic academic skills.4 A strong belief has grown among policymakers and arts advocates that the arts can play a powerful role in education because skills and attitudes learned through the arts can help children in non-arts, academic areas of learning. Here are a few recent quotations that express this instrumental view of what the arts can do. According to testimony presented to the U.S. House of Representatives, ". studies dating back to 1989 have revealed that students involved in music programs show improved reading abilities, and higher math and science scores. Because participation in music generates neural connections, it benefits those brain functions that aid the abstract reasoning that math and science require. "5 A letter to the New York Times by the violinist Isaac Stern states that "Teaching the arts to the very young, particularly music because it is such a natural thing for a child to sing or dance and to sense rhythm, also helps them excel beyond all norms in logic, memory and mathematics, and there are generally accepted studies and statistics to back this up. "6 Secretary of Education Richard Riley states that "The arts teach young people how to learn by giving them the first step: the desire to learn. "7 Senator Alan K. Simpson states that "A love of art helps the learning process. It helps you learn. All studies tell us that. "8 And a 1996 report put out by the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities states that "At-risk youth show increased motivation to learn
“But Most of All, They Fought Together”

The present study provides a discourse analysis of judicial attributions about battered women in Canadian sentencing decisions involving women convicted of killing their abusive intimate partners. For cases in which the accused received a jail sentence, judges downgraded acts of previous partner violence by using minimizing descriptions and by emphasizing the mutuality of the violence and of substance abuse. These discourses mobilized doubt about the relationship as abusive and limited sympathy for the accused as a battered woman. Judges’ descriptions formulated domestic abuse as discrete episodes of violence, attributed in many cases to alcohol rather than to an ongoing pattern of serious domestic abuse. These descriptions reinforced the accused’s capabilities and strength, which served to diminish the opposing claim that she was trapped in a seriously abusive relationship. Recommendations include incorporating information about battered women’s resistance efforts into traditional battered woman syndrome testimony and examining police decision making in cases of dual arrest.
Negatively Biased Emotion Perception in Depression as a Contributing Factor to Psychological Aggression Perpetration: A Preliminary Study

ABSTRACT Based on research linking depressive symptoms and intimate partner aggression perpetration with negatively biased perception of social stimuli, the present authors examined biased perception of emotional expressions as a mechanism in the frequently observed relationship between depression and psychological aggression perpetration. In all, 30 university students made valence ratings (negative to positive) of emotional facial expressions and completed measures of depressive symptoms and psychological aggression perpetration. As expected, depressive symptoms were positively associated with psychological aggression perpetration in an individual's current relationship, and this relationship was mediated by ratings of negative emotional expressions. These findings suggest that negatively biased perception of emotional expressions within the context of elevated depressive symptoms may represent an early stage of information processing that leads to aggressive relationship behaviors.
Finding and Recommending Scholarly Articles

The rate at which scholarly literature is being produced has been increasing at approximately 3.5 percent per year for decades. This means that during a typical 40 year career the amount of new literature produced each year increases by a factor of four. The methods scholars use to discover relevant literature must change. Just like everybody else involved in information discovery, scholars are confronted with information overload. Two decades ago, this discovery process essentially consisted of paging through abstract books, talking to colleagues and librarians, and browsing journals. A time-consuming process, which could even be longer if material had to be shipped from elsewhere. Now much of this discovery process is mediated by online scholarly information systems. All these systems are relatively new, and all are still changing. They all share a common goal: to provide their users with access to the literature relevant to their specific needs. To achieve this each system responds to actions by the user by displaying articles which the system judges relevant to the user's current needs. Recently search systems which use particularly sophisticated methodologies to recommend a few specific papers to the user have been called "recommender systems". These methods are in line with the current use of the term "recommender system" in computer science. We do not adopt this definition, rather we view systems like these as components in a larger whole, which is presented by the scholarly information systems themselves. In what follows we view the recommender system as an aspect of the entire information system; one which combines the massive memory capacities of the machine with the cognitive abilities of the human user to achieve a human-machine synergy.
Social psychophysiology and embodiment.

1 Roots of Social Psychophysiology and Embodiment 2 Neurophysiological Systems 3 Relative Advantages of Peripheral and Central Neurophysiological Indexes for Social Psychology 4 Peripheral Neurophysiological Indexes 5 Evolution of Social Psychophysiological Theories 6 Uses of Peripheral Neurophysiological Indexes in Social Psychology 7 Summary
Improved design criterion for space-time trellis codes over time-correlated Rayleigh fading channels

In this paper, an improved design criterion for space-time trellis codes over time-correlated Rayleigh fading channels is presented. We decompose the time-correlated fading channel into two independent components: slow fading channel and fast fading channel. The code design problem for time-correlated fading channels is converted to the joint design both in slow fading channels and in fast fading channels, while no knowledge about correlation is needed. Simulation results are provided to confirm our theory.
Employees Adoption of E-Procurement System: An Empirical Study

Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need to find the determinants which influence employee's adoption and uses of e-procurement systems. This research study assesses the organizational and individual determinants that influence the use of e-procurement system in Uttarakhand public sector. This study provides managers with the valuable information to take intervention programs to achieve greater acceptance and usage of e-procurement system. Data collected for this study by the means of a survey conducted in Uttarakhand state in 2011. A total 1200 questionnaire forms were distributed personally and online to employees using e-procurement system in Uttarakhand.
Understanding the Threats Posed by Non-Native Species: Public vs. Conservation Managers

Public perception is a key factor influencing current conservation policy. Therefore, it is important to determine the influence of the public, end-users and scientists on the prioritisation of conservation issues and the direct implications for policy makers. Here, we assessed public attitudes and the perception of conservation managers to five non-native species in the UK, with these supplemented by those of an ecosystem user, freshwater anglers. We found that threat perception was not influenced by the volume of scientific research or by the actual threats posed by the specific non-native species. Media interest also reflected public perception and vice versa. Anglers were most concerned with perceived threats to their recreational activities but their concerns did not correspond to the greatest demonstrated ecological threat. The perception of conservation managers was an amalgamation of public and angler opinions but was mismatched to quantified ecological risks of the species. As this suggests that invasive species management in the UK is vulnerable to a knowledge gap, researchers must consider the intrinsic characteristics of their study species to determine whether raising public perception will be effective. The case study of the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva reveals that media pressure and political debate has greater capacity to ignite policy changes and impact studies on non-native species than scientific evidence alone.
Don’t ignore the green light: exploring diverse roles in plant processes

The pleasant green appearance of plants, caused by their reflectance of wavelengths in the 500-600 nm range, might give the impression that green light is of minor importance in biology. This view persists to an extent. However, there is strong evidence that these wavelengths are not only absorbed but that they also drive and regulate physiological responses and anatomical traits in plants. This review details the existing evidence of essential roles for green wavelengths in plant biology. Absorption of green light is used to stimulate photosynthesis deep within the leaf and canopy profile, contributing to carbon gain and likely crop yield. In addition, green light also contributes to the array of signalling information available to leaves, resulting in developmental adaptation and immediate physiological responses. Within shaded canopies this enables optimization of resource-use efficiency and acclimation of photosynthesis to available irradiance. In this review, we suggest that plants may use these wavelengths not just to optimize stomatal aperture but also to fine-tune whole-canopy efficiency. We conclude that all roles for green light make a significant contribution to plant productivity and resource-use efficiency. We also outline the case for using green wavelengths in applied settings such as crop cultivation in LED-based agriculture and horticulture.
Evaluation of well-being, productivity, and longevity of pregnant sows housed in groups in pens with an electronic sow feeder or separately in gestation stalls.

OBJECTIVE To compare well-being, performance, and longevity of gestating sows housed in stalls or in pens with an electronic sow feeder (ESF). ANIMALS 382 pregnant sows of parities 1 through 6. PROCEDURE Sows were housed in separate stalls (n = 176) or group pens (206) with an ESF. Well-being of sows was assessed at various time points in terms of injuries, salivary cortisol concentration, and behavior in a novel arena or to a novel object. Farrowing performance and longevity of sows were also assessed. RESULTS Total injury scores (TIS) of sows in pens were significantly higher at initial introduction and mixing. In stall-housed sows, TIS was significantly higher during late gestation. The TIS and cortisol concentration were significantly lower in stall-housed sows, compared with values for sows in pens. As parity increased, the likelihood of higher median TIS decreased significantly in pen-housed sows and increased significantly in stall-housed sows. The TIS of sows in pens was negatively correlated with body weight and backfat thickness, whereas these correlations were positive in stall-housed sows. Farrowing performance and results for novel arena or objects did not differ. Proportion of sows removed was significantly higher for pens than for stalls; lameness was the major reason for removal for both systems. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Stalls impose space restrictions for larger sows, resulting in injuries during late gestation. Interventions are needed to minimize aggression during initial introduction and mixing and at the ESF in pens to reduce severe injuries or lameness of gestating sows.
Synaptic vesicle recycling studied in transgenic mice expressing synaptopHluorin

Synaptic vesicles are recycled locally within presynaptic specializations. We examined how vesicles are reused after endocytosis, using transgenic mice expressing the genetically encoded fluorescent indicator synaptopHluorin in subsets of neurons. At both excitatory and inhibitory synapses in cultured hippocampal neurons, newly endocytosed vesicles did not preferentially enter the releasable pool of vesicles. Rather, they entered the reserve pool first and subsequently the readily releasable pool over a period of several minutes. All vesicles in the recycling pool could be accessed by spaced stimuli, arguing against preferential local reuse of the readily releasable vesicles. Interestingly, nearly half the vesicles at excitatory synapses, and a third at inhibitory synapses, could not be recruited for release even by sustained stimuli. We conclude that, at presynaptic terminals in the hippocampus, most vesicles vacate release sites after exocytosis and are replaced by existing vesicles from the reserve pool, placing constraints on kiss-and-run recycling.
Comparative study of cognitive styles in Egypt, Greece, Hong Kong and the UK

Cognitive style has been described as consistent individual differences in the organising and processing of information. It is has been argued that it is an important factor in managerial learning and cognition. A number of authors have suggested that groups from different national cultures are likely to exhibit style differences and that this has important implications for management training and development. In the present study, which employed closely matched samples of business and management undergraduates from Egypt, Greece and the UK, there were no statistically significant differences in style. However, in post-graduate samples from Egypt, Hong Kong and the UK that were less closely matched, statistically significant differences were observed. Comparison of these data with those from other studies suggests that amongst under-graduates from a variety of national cultures there do not appear to be significant differences in style. Among post-graduates and managers the picture that emerges was more equivocal and the extent to which any observed differences are artefacts of sampling and method remains unclear. The implications of the findings for style theory and management education, training and development are discussed.
Increasing Genetic Variance of Body Mass Index during the Swedish Obesity Epidemic

Background and Objectives There is no doubt that the dramatic worldwide increase in obesity prevalence is due to changes in environmental factors. However, twin and family studies suggest that genetic differences are responsible for the major part of the variation in adiposity within populations. Recent studies show that the genetic effects on body mass index (BMI) may be stronger when combined with presumed risk factors for obesity. We tested the hypothesis that the genetic variance of BMI has increased during the obesity epidemic. Methods The data comprised height and weight measurements of 1,474,065 Swedish conscripts at age 18–19 y born between 1951 and 1983. The data were linked to the Swedish Multi-Generation Register and the Swedish Twin Register from which 264,796 full-brother pairs, 1,736 monozygotic (MZ) and 1,961 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were identified. The twin pairs were analysed to identify the most parsimonious model for the genetic and environmental contribution to BMI variance. The full-brother pairs were subsequently divided into subgroups by year of birth to investigate trends in the genetic variance of BMI. Results The twin analysis showed that BMI variation could be explained by additive genetic and environmental factors not shared by co-twins. On the basis of the analyses of the full-siblings, the additive genetic variance of BMI increased from 4.3 [95% CI 4.04–4.53] to 7.9 [95% CI 7.28–8.54] within the study period, as did the unique environmental variance, which increased from 1.4 [95% CI 1.32–1.48] to 2.0 [95% CI 1.89–2.22]. The BMI heritability increased from 75% to 78.8%. Conclusion The results confirm the hypothesis that the additive genetic variance of BMI has increased strongly during the obesity epidemic. This suggests that the obesogenic environment has enhanced the influence of adiposity related genes.
Decrement of miR-199 a-5 p contributes to the tumorigenesis of bladder urothelial carcinoma by regulating MLK 3 / NF-κB pathway

Aberrant miRNA expression is implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the role of miRNAs in bladder urothelial carcinoma still remains largely unknown. In this study, miR-199a-5p was validated to be significantly down-regulated in bladder urothelial carcinoma. In addition, restoring expression of miR-199a-5p inhibited the tumorigenesis of bladder urothelial carcinoma in vitro and in vivo by inducing the apoptosis and suppressing the proliferation of bladder cancerous cells. Further investigation reported that MLK3 was a direct target of miR-199a-5p. Moreover, the expression level of miR-199a-5p was conversely correlated with MLK3 in bladder cancerous cells. In addition, reintroduction of MLK3 was identified to promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptotic rate of cells, which have been altered by miR-199a-5p through activating the NF-κB pathway. All together, decrement of miR-199a-5p contributes to the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer by directly regulating MLK3/NF-κB pathway and miR-199a-5p might be developed as a therapeutic target for treatment of the bladder urothelial carcinoma.
Opioids in rheumatic diseases

Opioids are the most potent analgesics available and are well established for the treatment of severe acute, surgical, and cancer pain. However, their use to ameliorate chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is still controversial because of the side effects, such as tolerance, somnolence, confusion, constipation, addiction, withdrawal, and anxiety about disapproval by regulatory bodies. Chronic rheumatic diseases along with low‐back pain and arthritis are among the leading causes of CNCP. This article will focus on the role of opioids in chronic rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, the peripheral effects of opioids on pain and inflammation in rheumatic diseases will be outlined.
The ‘Greenhouse Effect’: children's perceptions of causes, consequences and cures

Abstract Environmental problems, especially those of world‐wide dimension such as the increase in global warming by an exacerbation of the ‘greenhouse effect’ caused by atmospheric pollution, are becoming increasingly significant. Education about such issues is therefore becoming increasingly important. Although educational strategies and resources are best designed based on an appreciation of children's preconceptions, little is known about children's ideas in this area. We have undertaken a questionnaire and interview study of the ideas of secondary school children aged 11 to 16 about the causes, consequences and possible cures of global warming. The results show that some scientifically more acceptable ideas, such as the notion that an increase in the ‘greenhouse effect’ will cause changes in weather patterns, are already present in younger pupils. Other ideas, generally held by the science community, take time to become established over the period of secondary schooling; an appreciation of the mechani.