Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of mRNA for vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1), and VR1-like immunoreactivity, in the central nervous system of the rat and human.

The cloned vanilloid receptor VR1 has attracted recent attention as a molecular integrator of painful stimuli on primary sensory neurons. The existence of vanilloid-sensitive neurons in the brain is, however, controversial. In this study, we have used an antibody and a complementary RNA probe to explore the distribution of neurons that express VR1 in rat and in certain areas of human brain. In the rat, we observed VR1-expressing neurons throughout the whole neuroaxis, including all cortical areas (in layers 3 and 5), several members of the limbic system (e.g., hippocampus, central amygdala, and both medial and lateral habenula), striatum, hypothalamus, centromedian and paraventricular thalamic nuclei, substantia nigra, reticular formation, locus coeruleus, cerebellum, and inferior olive. VR1-immunopositive cells also were found in the third and fifth layers of human parietal cortex. Reverse transcription-PCR performed with rat VR1-specific primers verified the expression of VR1 mRNA in cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. In the central nervous system, neonatal capsaicin treatment depleted VR1 mRNA from the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, but not from other areas such as the inferior olive. The finding that VR1 is expressed not only in primary sensory neurons but also in several brain nuclei is of great importance in that it places VRs in a much broader perspective than pain perception. VRs in the brain (and putative endogenous vanilloids) may be involved in the control of emotions, learning, and satiety, just to name a few exciting possibilities.
Variability in amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy of corn studied in cecectomized laying hens1

&NA; To optimize the use of corn grain in diets for laying hens, differences in amino acid (AA) digestibility and metabolizable energy among different corn samples should be considered in feed formulation. The present study investigated the variability of AA digestibility and AMEn concentration of 20 corn samples in cecectomized laying hens. Corn grains were characterized based on their physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, grain density, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen to study any relationship with AA digestibility or AMEn. The animal study comprised 4 Latin squares (6 × 6) distributed between 2 subsequent runs. Cecectomized LSL‐Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and fed either a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 corn diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one corn batch, for 8 days. During the last 4 d, feed intake was recorded and excreta were collected quantitatively. A linear regression approach was used to calculate AA digestibility of the corn. The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 corn batches, including Lys (digestibility range 64 to 85%), Met (86 to 94%), Thr (72 to 89%), and Trp (21 to 88%). The AMEn of the corn batches ranged between 15.7 and 17.1 MJ/kg DM. However, consistent correlations between AA digestibility or AMEn and the physical and chemical characteristics of the grains were not detected. Equations to predict AA digestibility or AMEn based on the grain's physical and chemical characteristics were calculated by multiple linear regressions. The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of prediction equations was below 0.6 for the majority of AA and AMEn, and, thus, was not sufficiently precise for practical use. Possible explanations for the variation in AA digestibility and AMEn beyond the determined characteristics are discussed. In conclusion, AA digestibility and AMEn of corn grain is high in laying hens, but varies among different corn samples, with physical and chemical characteristics not suitable for explaining these variations.
Bertrand-Edgeworth pricing equilibrium in Web service markets

PricingWebserviceswithdifferentQualityofService(QoS)classesovertheInternetisachallengingscientificproblem. Finding the optimal price per QoS class allows each provider to maximize its revenue and to solve the capacity planning problem. The most works presented in the literature focus on a monopolistic setting where one service provider sells one or more services of different classes to a number of customers. The Service Level Agreement (SLA) is the most commonly used contract scheme, whereby providers announce their QoS profiles specifying a number of QoS classes and the related prices. The most results available in the literature to find the optimal QoS profile of a provider do not take into account the QoS profiles announced by other providers. However, in real-world settings, services sale competition among service providers is common and cannot be neglected. In this paper, we design a game-theoretical model for Web service markets with a single service characterized by response time and price by extending the Bertrand-Edgeworth's oligopoly, and we provide a polynomial-time algorithm to find a Nash equilibrium with two providers and an arbitrary number of customers.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a long-standing issue, not a new concept in anesthesiology. Despite many studies over the last several decades, PONV remains a significant problem due to its complex mechanism. This review presents a summary of the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of PONV, focusing on preventive treatment, particularly the use of new drugs. In addition, we discuss the latest meta-analysis results regarding correct clinical use of classic drugs. I also summarize the latest trends of postdischarge nausea and vomiting and the pharmacogenetics, which is attracting a great deal of attention from other medical fields in PONV-related studies. Finally, we discuss the drawbacks of existing studies on PONV and suggest a focus for future investigations.
A fast implementation of multiplicative inversion over GF(2/sup m/)

In this paper, an efficient architecture for multiplicative inversion in GF(2/sup m/) using addition chains is presented. The approach followed was based on the Itoh-Tsujii algorithm targeting a fast implementation on reconfigurable hardware devices. We give the design details of the proposed architecture whose main building blocks are a field multi-squarer block, a field polynomial multiplier and a BRAM two-port memory. Our design is able to compute multiplicative inversion in GF(2/sup 193/) in about 1.33/spl mu/S using only 27 clock cycles.
The potential cocarcinogenic effect of vitamin B12 deficiency

Abstract Since vitamin B12 serves as a cofactor in the synthesis of methyl precursors for biological methylation and enables methylfolate to be recycled for nucleotide synthesis, B12 deficiency has been known to induce hyperhomocysteinemia and inadequate DNA synthesis, along with “methylfolate trap”. Even though depletion of B12, a common B-vitamin deficiency in the elderly, has not often been invoked as a causative factor in carcinogenesis, a recent animal study demonstrated that a B12-deficient diet, which was of insufficient severity to cause anemia or illness, disturbed normal homeostasis of one-carbon metabolism in the colonic mucosa and resulted in diminished genomic DNA methylation and increased uracil misincorporation in DNA, both of which are purported mechanisms for one-carbon metabolism-related colonic carcinogenesis.
Sensorless direct torque and flux controlled IPM synchronous machine fed by matrix converter over a wide speed range

This paper proposes a new sensorless direct torque and flux controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous machine drive fed by a matrix converter. Closed-loop control of both torque and stator flux is achieved by using two PI controllers. The input power factor and output voltage vector are regulated with the indirect space vector modulation. An adaptive observer is used for joint stator flux and rotor speed estimation. At low speeds, the observer is enhanced by introducing a speed correction term derived from the error signal of HF signal injection for stable operation down to standstill. The stator resistance variation is compensated with the current error signal. The operating range of the drive is extended into high speed region by incorporating field weakening. The proposed sensorless drive exhibits high dynamic and steady-state performances over a wide speed range. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Evidence that the death receptor DR4 is a DNA damage‐inducible, p53‐regulated gene

DR4 (TRAIL‐R1), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is a cell surface receptor that triggers the apoptotic machinery upon binding to its ligand tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL). Although three other TRAIL receptors DR5, DcR1, and DcR2 are induced by DNA damage and are regulated by the wild‐type p53 tumor suppressor, it was not known whether these factors also affect DR4 expression. In this study, we found that DR4 expression is also enhanced by DNA damage whether induced by ionizing radiation or by chemotherapeutic agents. The induction was observed predominantly in cells containing wild‐type p53 and was similar to the regulation patterns of DR5 and Fas, two other members of the family which are known to be regulated by p53. Transfection of HPV 16 E6 gene into cells with wild‐type p53, which decreased the level of p53 protein, resulted in suppression of DR4 induction by DNA‐damaging agents. Conversely, introduction of exogenous wild‐type p53 through adenovirus infection has led to upregulation of endogenous DR4 in cells with mutant p53. Moreover, the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D abolished DNA‐damaging agent‐induced DR4 expression. Thus, DR4 appears to be a DNA damage‐inducible, p53‐regulated gene. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of interleukin 1 gene cluster and interleukin 1 receptor gene polymorphisms with ischemic heart failure.

BACKGROUND Proinflammatory cytokines have been known to play a considerable part in the pathomechanisms of chronic heart failure (CHF). Given the importance of proinflammatory cytokines in the context of the failing heart, we assessed whether the polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-1 gene cluster, including IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and IL-1R gene are predictors of CHF due to ischemic heart disease. METHODS Forty- three patients with ischemic heart failure were recruited in this study as patients group and compared with 140 healthy unrelated control subjects. Using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method, the allele and genotype frequency of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-1α (-889), IL-1β (-511, +3962), IL-1R (psti 1970), and IL-1RA (mspa1 11100) genes were determined. RESULTS The frequency of the IL-1β -511/C allele was significantly higher in the patient group compared to that in the control group (p = 0.031). The IL-1β (-511) C/C genotype was significantly overrepresented in patients compared to controls (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Particular allele and genotype in IL-1β gene were overrepresented in patients with ischemic heart failure, possibly affecting the individual susceptibility to this disease (Tab. 1, Ref. 27).
Cultural adaptations of behavioral health interventions: a progress report.

OBJECTIVE To reduce health disparities, behavioral health interventions must reach subcultural groups and demonstrate effectiveness in improving their health behaviors and outcomes. One approach to developing such health interventions is to culturally adapt original evidence-based interventions. The goals of the article are to (a) describe consensus on the stages involved in developing cultural adaptations, (b) identify common elements in cultural adaptations, (c) examine evidence on the effectiveness of culturally enhanced interventions for various health conditions, and (d) pose questions for future research. METHOD Influential literature from the past decade was examined to identify points of consensus. RESULTS There is agreement that cultural adaptation can be organized into 5 stages: information gathering, preliminary design, preliminary testing, refinement, and final trial. With few exceptions, reviews of several health conditions (e.g., AIDS, asthma, diabetes) concluded that culturally enhanced interventions are more effective in improving health outcomes than usual care or other control conditions. CONCLUSIONS Progress has been made in establishing methods for conducting cultural adaptations and providing evidence of their effectiveness. Future research should include evaluations of cultural adaptations developed in stages, tests to determine the effectiveness of cultural adaptations relative to the original versions, and studies that advance our understanding of cultural constructs' contributions to intervention engagement and efficacy.
Parental influences on children's diets

Nutrition has always been regarded as vital for health, growth and development in 1 ie childhood years. The evidence that the development of atherosclerosis begins in childhood (Moller et af. 1994) and that the extent of paediatric atherosclerosis is related to serum lipid levels (Newman et af. 1986), has intensified the focus on paediatric nutrition since it now appears likely that the childhood diet can promote the development of cardiovascular disease. Information on children’s diets suggests that they are no better than, and may be worse than, adults’ diets. Soft drinks, sweets, chips and meat products form a major part of most children’s diets and for many, the ‘McDonalds’ meal represents their ideal. Data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed an energy intake pattern in which 36% of energy was derived from fat and 13% from saturated fat (Kimm et al. 1990) and there were similar results in the Department of Agriculture’s Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes for children aged 2-5 years (Thompson & Dennison, 1994). Data from the UK paint a similar picture; in 1983,3285 British children kept a 7 d weighed record of all their food and drink. The results showed that fat contributed over 38% of their energy intake (Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy, 1989). In the more recent survey of British 1 . 5 4 year olds, fat contributed 35.9% of their energy intake and saturated fats 16.2% of intake (Gregory et al. 1995). There have been fewer studies on the intake of fruit and vegetables, dietary fibre or vitamins, but such data as are available point to inadequate intakes. Basch et af. (1994) collected several 24 h dietary recalls over 3 years for 308 preschool children. Intakes of fruits and vegetables were based on criteria from the National Cancer Institute’s 5-a-day programme (Havas et af. 1994). The average number of servings was 2.8 (1.8 servings of fruit, one serving of vegetables). Children in the highest quintile had substantially higher intakes of several vitamins and minerals as well as fibre, but no difference in fat as a proportion of energy. Results from 3 d food diaries, recorded as part of a study of ninety-one British families with 9-11-year-old children (the Family Diet Study; J. Wardle, unpublished results), showed average intakes of 191 g daily of fruit and vegetables, with only 5% of children exceeding the recommended intake of 400 g.
A 28Gb/s source-series terminated TX in 32nm CMOS SOI

Upcoming standards such as OIF CEI-25LR and CEI-28SR demand transmitter circuits above 20Gb/s [1]-[3] with stringent jitter requirements. The SST driver topology, which has been previously demonstrated at lower data rates [4], is an attractive solution as it enables multiple termination options and low power consumption. In addition, its single-ended topology facilitates an architecture in which the delay mismatch between true and complementary output can be adjusted, as is desirable for data transmission over long cables. In this contribution, the architecture and design of the key components of a half-rate 28Gb/s SST TX are presented.
Novelty detection with application to data streams

This paper presents and evaluates an approach to novelty detection that addresses it as the problem of identifying novel concepts in a continuous learning scenario, as an extension to a single-class classification problem. OLINDDA, an OnLIne Novelty and Drift Detection Algorithm that implements this approach, uses efficient standard clustering algorithms to continuously generate candidate clusters among examples that were not explained by the current known concepts. Clusters complying with a validation criterion that takes cohesiveness and representativeness into account are initially identified as concepts. By merging similar concepts, OLINDDA may enhance the representation of some concepts as it advances toward its final goal of describing novel emerging concepts in an unsupervised way. The proposed approach is experimentally evaluated by the use of several measures taken throughout the learning process. Results show that it is capable of identifying novel concepts that are pure and correspond to real classes, disregarding unrepresentative clusters and outliers.
Road deformation detection based sensor fusion

The state of asphalt pavement gradually becomes worse because of daily traffic, weather, and temperature. Then it emerges as pavement deformations. For preventing human damages by them, we need to detect existing underground cavity. Consequently, location estimation of the efficiency is an important factor for maintaining the road safety. The purpose of the present study is to develop Asphalt Pavement Deformation Monitoring System (APDMS). The APDMS automatically detects the deformation of asphalt pavement using computer vision, laser range finder, and inertial measurement sensor. Laser range finder is used to collect height data of pavement surface more accurately. Then vision sensor is used to acquire a state of asphalt pavement. Experimental results show that pavement deformations can be detected correctly with the sensor fusion method.
Graphical query for linguistic treebanks

Databases of hierarchically annotated text occupy a central place in linguistic research and language technology development. We describe a new approach to tree query which we call “Query by Annotation”. Users express a query by annotating a tree, and the annotation is compiled into an expression in a path language. The result trees are overlaid with the original query, permitting the user to see why they match. Since queries and results are annotated trees, users can easily refine and resubmit their queries. The approach to Query by Annotation is motivated and exemplified using databases of linguistic trees, or treebanks.
Sex and Urbanicity Contribute to Variation in Lymphocyte Distribution across Ugandan Populations

Management of patient care and interpretation of research data require evaluation of laboratory results in the context of reference data from populations with known health status to adequately diagnose disease or make a physiological assessment. Few studies have addressed the diversity of lymphocyte subsets in rural and urban Ugandan populations. Here, 663 healthy blood bank donors from semi-urban centers of Kampala consented to participate in a study to define lymphocyte reference ranges. Whole blood immunophenotyping was performed to determine the frequency and absolute counts of T, B, and NK cells using clinical flow cytometry. Results from blood bank donors were compared to a rural cohort from the district of Kayunga and more urban clinical trial participants from the capital city, Kampala. Relationships between hematological and lymphocyte parameters were also explored. In the semi-urban blood donors, females were significantly different from males in all parameters except the frequency of CD8 T and B cells. Females had higher absolute counts of CD4 T, CD8 T and B cells, whereas males had higher NK cell counts. NK cell frequency and counts were significantly higher in semi-urban blood donors, regardless of sex, compared to more urban study participants. CD8 T cell frequency and counts were significantly higher in the blood donors compared to the rural participants, irrespective of sex. Interestingly, basophil counts were positively associated with overall T cell counts. These findings suggest that both sex and level of cohort urbanicity may influence lymphocyte subset distributions in Ugandans.
Mechanical specialization of the obliquely striated circular mantle muscle fibres of the long-finned squid Doryteuthis pealeii

SUMMARY The centrally located, mitochondria-poor (CMP) and superficially located, mitochondria-rich (SMR) circular muscle fibres in the mantles of some squids provide one of the few known examples of specialization in an obliquely striated muscle. Little is known of the mechanical properties or of the mechanisms and performance consequences of specialization in these fibres. We combined morphological and physiological approaches to study specialization in the SMR and CMP fibres of the long-finned squid Doryteuthis pealeii. The mean thick filament length was 3.12±0.56 μm and 1.78±0. 27μ m for the SMR and CMP fibres, respectively. The cross-sectional areas of the whole fibre and the core of mitochondria were significantly higher in the SMR fibres, but the area occupied by the myofilaments did not differ between the two fibre types. The area of sarcoplasmic reticulum visible in cross sections was significantly higher in CMP fibres than in SMR fibres. In live bundles of muscle fibres partially isolated from the mantle, mean peak isometric stress during tetanus was significantly greater in SMR [335 mN mm–2 physiological cross section (pcs)] than in CMP (216 mN mm–2 pcs) fibres. SMR fibres had a lower average twitch:tetanus ratio (SMR=0.073; CMP=0.18) and a twofold lower unloaded maximum shortening velocity at 20°C (SMR=2.4 L0 s–1; CMP=5.1 L0 s–1), where L0 was the preparation length that yielded the highest tetanic force. The structural differences in the two muscle fibre types play a primary role in determining their mechanical properties, and the significant differences in mechanical properties indicate that squid have two muscle gears. A simple model of the mantle shows that a gradient of strain and strain rate exists across the mantle wall, with fibres adjacent to the outer edge of the mantle experiencing 1.3- to 1.4-fold lower strain and strain rate than fibres adjacent to the inner edge of the mantle. The model also predicts that the CMP fibres generate virtually no power for slow jetting while the SMR fibres are too slow to generate power for the escape jets. The transmural differences in strain and strain rate predicted by the model apply to any cylindrical animal that has circumferentially oriented muscle fibres and an internal body cavity.