Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The duration of pitch transition phase and its relative factors

The pitch phase of a syllable (PPS) can be divided into a pitch transition phase (PTrP) and a pitch target phase (PTaP). To analyze the relationships between the duration of the PTrP and the pitch range of the PTrP, the pitch range of the PTaP, and the total duration of the PPS, 306 disyllable combinations were selected from a corpus to generalize a linear regression model, which can be applied to predict the duration of the PTrP. In this model, the duration of the PTrP has a positive relationship with the pitch range of the PTrP and the total duration of the PPS, but a negative relationship with the pitch range of the PTaP. Moreover, with the increase of the total duration of the PPS, the increase of the duration of the PTrP will speed up. By using this linear regression model to predict the duration of the PTrP, the relative coefficient between predicted value and the metrical value is 0.853.
Embedded test and control of analogue/RF circuits using intelligent resources

The emergence and the fast development of distributed sensor networks associated with the popularisation of cellular phone handset portable has supported an explosive growth of wireless applications in the portable devices. Consequently radio frequency (RF) system and their increasing functional densities have progressed remarkably. Wireless integrated network sensors combine sensing, signal processing, decision capability, and wireless networking capability in a compact, low power system. Despite the rapid proliferation of sensor network applications and other devices incorporating wireless communication networks, there is no generic method for testing analogue and mixed signal (AMS) blocks (including analogue circuits, MEMS and RF) which are included in these devises. On the other hand, it is obvious that energy efficiency of RF transceivers is critical paramount for longer life in portable devices. Therefore, efficient energy consumption of RF power amplifiers (PAs) and RF low noise amplifiers (LNAs) are key components in wireless mobile battery – operated systems determine the total power consumption since they dominate the power consumption of the other component of the RF transceivers [1]. In this study, we propose a new approach of alternate test and adaptive control of power supply of AMS blocks based on the identification of some parameters of a behavioural model. A complete behavioural model of AMS block is built, including a model structure and a set of parameters. Using a population of circuits obtained by Monte Carlo simulation, a regression relationship is then built to link the system performance to the parameters of its behavioural model. A virtual performance measurement can thus be obtained from the identified parameters of the behavioural model of the current system. The estimated performances are then used either to make the pass / fail decision for test purpose or as virtual measurements for performance control of in order to optimize energy consumption. Figure 1 gives an overview of our approach.
Molecular Conversion of NAD Kinase to NADH Kinase through Single Amino Acid Residue Substitution*

NAD kinase phosphorylates NAD+ to form NADP+ and is strictly specific to NAD+, whereas NADH kinase phosphorylates both NAD+ and NADH, thereby showing relaxed substrate specificity. Based on their primary and tertiary structures, the difference in the substrate specificities between NAD and NADH kinases was proposed to be caused by one aligned residue: Gly or polar amino acid (Gln or Thr) in five NADH kinases and a charged amino acid (Arg) in two NAD kinases. The substitution of Arg with Gly in the two NAD kinases relaxed the substrate specificity (i.e. converted the NAD kinases to NADH kinases). The substitution of Arg in one NAD kinase with polar amino acids also relaxed the substrate specificity, whereas substitution with charged and hydrophobic amino acids did not show a similar result. In contrast, the substitution of Gly with Arg in one NADH kinase failed to convert it to NAD kinase. These results suggest that a charged or hydrophobic amino acid residue in the position of interest is crucial for strict specificity of NAD kinases to NAD+, whereas Gly or polar amino acid residue is not the sole determinant for the relaxed substrate specificity of NADH kinases. The significance of the conservation of the residue at the position in 207 NAD kinase homologues is also discussed.
Effects of different interval-training programs on cycling time-trial performance.

PURPOSE We have investigated the effect of varying the intensity of interval training on 40-km time-trial performance in 20 male endurance cyclists (peak oxygen uptake 4.8+/-0.6 L x min(-1), mean +/- SD). METHODS Cyclists performed a 25-kJ sprint test, an incremental test to determine peak aerobic power (PP) and a simulated 40-km time-trial on a Kingcycle ergometer. They were then randomly assigned to one of five types of interval-training session: 12x30 s at 175% PP, 12x60 s at 100% PP, 12x2 min at 90% PP, 8x4 min at 85% PP, or 4x8 min at 80% PP. Cyclists completed 6 sessions over 3 wk, in addition to their usual aerobic base training. All laboratory tests were then repeated. RESULTS Performances in the time trial were highly reliable when controlled for training effects (coefficient of variation = 1.1%). The percent improvement in the time trial was modeled as a polynomial function of the rank order of the intensity of the training intervals, a procedure validated by simulation. The cubic trend was strong and statistically significant (overall correlation = 0.70, P = 0.005) and predicted greatest enhancement for the intervals performed at 85% PP (2.8%, 95% CI = 4.3-1.3%) and at 175% PP (2.4%, 95% CI = 4.0-0.7%). Intervals performed at 100% PP and 80% PP did not produce statistically significant enhancements of performance. Quadratic and linear trends were weak or insubstantial. CONCLUSIONS Interval training with work bouts close to race-pace enhance 1-h endurance performance; work bouts at much higher intensity also appear to improve performance, possibly by a different mechanism.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF MTA, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AND PORTLAND CEMENT

The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effect of MTA Dentsply, MTA Angelus, Calcium Hydroxide and Portland cement. Four reference bacterial strains were used: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Plates containing Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood, hemin, and menadione were inoculated with the bacterial suspensions. Subsequently, wells were prepared and immediately filled with materials and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours under anaerobic conditions, except P. aeruginosa. The diameters of inhibition zones were measured, and data analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey test with 1% level of significance. MTA Dentsply, MTA Angelus and Portland cement inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa. Calcium Hydroxide was effective against P. aeruginosa and B. fragillis. Under anaerobic conditions, which may hamper the formation of reactive oxygen species, the materials failed to inhibit E. faecalis, and E. coli.
New Frontiers For An Artificial Immune System

AIRS, a resource limited artificial immune classifier system, has performed well on various classification tasks, including data clustering. This thesis proposes the use of this system for the complex task of multi-class document classification. Initially the AIRS system is validated using a standard machine learning dataset, which has not been used previously with this classifier. The use of AIRS for the purpose of document classification was then examined. This includes the pre-processing of HTML documents and the extraction, selection and representation of features, for the purpose of feature vector compilation. AIRS was used to classify various Internet documents, using a variety of datasets. Comparisons were made where the amount of documents, amount of classes and amount of features were varied independently. Additionally, AIRS was compared with another text classification package as a benchmarking exercise. On completion of this we are confident that AIRS is a suitable candidate for increasingly more complex tasks such as hierarchical document classification and multiple taxonomic mappings. Acknowledgements In some ways, this is the most difficult section to write. There are so many people who have provided me with their support for the duration of what has been an awesome 6 months, and it is not easy to find the right words to express my gratitude. However, ‘thanks’ go to my family and pseudo-family for their unquestionable support. I would also like to thank Liz, Jean, and Justin for having the patience to answer all my annoying bash and C++ questions and Jamie for all the advice and inspiration during the early stages of this project. Thanks also go to Marco and the rest of the HP Labs-Bristol students, without whom life would be just one giant classification problem. On a more formal note, I would like to thank Dr’s Dave Cliff, Matt Williamson and Jason Noble for giving me this wonderful opportunity in the first place. Special thanks go to Dr Steve Cayzer who has officially been the most fantastic supervisor, through always being there to answer my incessant questions, despite his obsession with semantic blogging. Last but by no means least, I would like to thank Gillan for his relentless love, support, and encouragement, which will forever mean the world to me.
CAPE: An R Package for Combined Analysis of Pleiotropy and Epistasis

Contemporary genetic studies are revealing the genetic complexity of many traits in humans and model organisms. Two hallmarks of this complexity are epistasis, meaning gene-gene interaction, and pleiotropy, in which one gene affects multiple phenotypes. Understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits requires addressing these phenomena, but interpreting the biological significance of epistasis and pleiotropy is often difficult. While epistasis reveals dependencies between genetic variants, it is often unclear how the activity of one variant is specifically modifying the other. Epistasis found in one phenotypic context may disappear in another context, rendering the genetic interaction ambiguous. Pleiotropy can suggest either redundant phenotype measures or gene variants that affect multiple biological processes. Here we present an R package, R/cape, which addresses these interpretation ambiguities by implementing a novel method to generate predictive and interpretable genetic networks that influence quantitative phenotypes. R/cape integrates information from multiple related phenotypes to constrain models of epistasis, thereby enhancing the detection of interactions that simultaneously describe all phenotypes. The networks inferred by R/cape are readily interpretable in terms of directed influences that indicate suppressive and enhancing effects of individual genetic variants on other variants, which in turn account for the variance in quantitative traits. We demonstrate the utility of R/cape by analyzing a mouse backcross, thereby discovering novel epistatic interactions influencing phenotypes related to obesity and diabetes. R/cape is an easy-to-use, platform-independent R package and can be applied to data from both genetic screens and a variety of segregating populations including backcrosses, intercrosses, and natural populations. The package is freely available under the GPL-3 license at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/cape.
Foundations of Semistructured Data

Traditional database systems rely on an old model: the relational data model. When it was proposed in the early 1970’s by Codd, a logician, the relational model generated a true revolution in data management. In this simple model data is represented as relations in first order structures and queries as first order logic formulas. It enabled researchers and implementors to separate the logical aspect of the data from its physical implementation. Thirty years of research and development followed, and they led to today’s mature and highly performant relational database systems. The age of the Internet brought new data management applications and challenges. Data is now accessed over the Web, and is available in a variety of formats, including HTML, XML, as well as several application specific data formats. Often data is mixed with free text, and the boundary between data and text is sometimes blurred. The way the data can be retrieved also varies considerably: some instances can be downloaded entirely, others can only be accessed through limited capabilities. To accommodate all forms and kinds of data, the database research community has introduced the ”semistructured data model”, where data is self-describing, irregular, and graph-like. The new model captures naturally Web data, such as HTML, XML, or other application specific formats. While researchers mostly agree on a common definition of the semistructured data, there is still a lot of confusion about the logical foundations for representing and querying such data: several practical query languages have been proposed, but their formal foundations and their relationships to logical formalisms are poorly understood. This lack of understanding further prevents us from designing general solutions to typical data management problems, such as building indexes, optimizing queries, and designing storage structures. To add to the confusion, the structured document community has studied for several years ”structured text”, and proposed a number of algebraic operators and accompanying index structures to express queries over structured text. This work definitely has relevance to semistructured data, but their connections are still poorly understood. Current work in academia and research institutions is studying the nature of query languages for semistructured data, and proposing index structures, optimization techniques, and storage mechanisms to support those queries.
Effect of supplementation of taurine or trehalose in extender on immunolocalization of tyrosine phosphoproteins in buffalo and cattle (Karan Fries) cryopreserved spermatozoa.

The present study assessed the effects of incorporation of Taurine or Trehalose in extender on immunolocalization of tyrosine phosphoproteins, Cryocapacitation and other sperm quality parameters (motility, viability and membrane integrity) in post-thawed sperm from Buffalo (Murrah) and Cattle (Karan Fries). Six ejaculates from six individual bulls from both species were chosen at random and split into four aliquots: one aliquot without dilution (fresh sample), another diluted in egg yolk tris-citrate (EYTC) extender and the rest of aliquots with EYTC dilution supplemented with taurine (50 mm) or trehalose (100 mm), respectively, and cryopreserved. Following cryopreservation, semen were thawed and assessed for standard semen quality parameters. Extent of capacitation in cryopreserved spermatozoa was measured by inducing in vitro acrosome reaction followed by dual staining. Immunolocalization of tyrosine phosphoproteins was carried out by immunocytochemistry using primary antibody clone pT-154 (anti-phosphotyrosine antibody) and FITC-conjugated secondary antibody. Immunofluorescent signals were analysed for level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in spermatozoa. Post-thaw semen evaluation showed supplementation of taurine or trehalose to EYTC extender significantly (p < 0.05) increased motility, viability and membrane integrity of spermatozoa in both species. Percentage of cryocapacitated spermatozoa was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cattle as compared to buffalo and degree of cryocapacitaion of spermatozoa decreased significantly (p < 0.05) upon supplementation of additives in both the species. It was also found that tyrosine phosphoproteins were localized differentially in fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa. Supplementation of taurine or trehalose to freezing extender changed the localization of tyrosine phosphoproteins in cryopreserved spermatozoa similar to fresh in both the species. The results obtained clearly indicated that supplementation of taurine or trehalose to EYTC prior to cryopreservation improves Buffalo and Cattle sperm quality in terms of cryocapacitation and immunolocalization of tyrosine phosphoproteins during freezing-thawing process.
BHUx: A Patent Polyherbal Formulation to Prevent Atherosclerosis

Ayurvedic medicine is a time-tested system of medicine which has been in clinical use for centuries in India. Being a time-tested system, it has an edge over other existing systems of health management, especially for dealing with chronic disorders such as coronary artery disease, which is of a complex multi-etiological nature. Recently, we have shown that BHUx, a patented polyherbal formulation consisting of the aqueous fraction of five medicinal plants of the ayurvedic system, has significant anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and lipoxygenase-15. Here we have investigated its effect on diet-induced atherosclerosis in albino rabbits. BHUx was given orally for 3 months to rabbits pre-treated with an atherogenic diet for 3 months. After 6 months, the dorsal aorta was processed for histological studies for calcium and collagen content. The results demonstrated a remarkable reduction in intimal thickening in the treated animals. In addition, there was less calcification at the intima–medial interface and increased intensity of collagen cap on the surface along with an increase in survival, compared with the sham control. We suggest that BHUx is a potent, multi-factorial formulation against atherosclerosis.
The Relationship Between Female Inmates' Coping and Adjustment in a Minimum-Security Prison

The purpose of this study was to identify specific coping strategies associated with psychosocial adjustment in a minimum-security prison camp for women. A sample of 153 female inmates completed a demographic questionnaire, the COPE inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Of 13 theoretically distinct coping strategies, 6 were significantly positively associated with adjustment (higher self-esteem, less depression, and less state anxiety) and 2 were significantly negatively associated with adjustment. Also, larger coping repertoires were associated with higher adjustment scores. Implications of the findings are noted for future research on teaching inmates coping techniques.
An Energy-Aware WLAN Discovery Scheme for LTE HetNet

Recently, there has been significant interest in the integration and co-existence of Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) with other Radio Access Technologies, like IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Although, the inter-working of IEEE 802.11 WLANs with 3GPP LTE has indicated enhanced network performance in the context of capacity and load balancing, the WLAN discovery scheme implemented in most of the commercially available smartphones is very inefficient and results in high battery drainage. In this paper, we have proposed an energy efficient WLAN discovery scheme for 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.11 WLAN inter-working scenario. User Equipment (UE), in the proposed scheme, uses 3GPP network assistance along with the results of past channel scans, to optimally select the next channels to scan. Further, we have also developed an algorithm to accurately estimate the UE's mobility state, using 3GPP network signal strength patterns. We have implemented various discovery schemes in Android framework, to evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme against other solutions in the literature. Since, Android does not support selective scanning mode, we have implemented modules in Android to enable selective scanning. Further, we have also used simulation studies and justified the results using power consumption modeling. The results from the field experiments and simulations have shown high power savings using the proposed scanning scheme without any discovery performance deterioration.
Structural origins of pH‐dependent chemical shifts in the B1 domain of protein G

We report chemical shifts for HN, N, and C′ nuclei in the His‐tagged B1 domain of protein G (GB1) over a range of pH values from pH 2.0 to 9.0, which fit well to standard pH‐dependent equations. We also report a 1.2 Å resolution crystal structure of GB1 at pH 3.0. Comparison of this crystal structure with published crystal structures at higher pHs provides details of the structural changes in GB1 associated with protonation of the carboxylate groups, in particular a conformational change in the C‐terminus of the protein at low pH. An additional change described recently is not seen in the crystal structure because of crystal contacts. We show that the pH‐dependent changes in chemical shifts can be almost entirely understood based on structural changes, thereby providing insight into the relationship between structure and chemical shift. In particular, we describe through‐bond effects extending up to five bonds, affecting N and C′ but not HN; through‐space effects of carboxylates, which fit well to a simple electric field model; and effects due to conformational change, which have a similar magnitude to many of the direct effects. Finally, we discuss cooperative effects, demonstrating a lack of cooperative unfolding in the helix, and the existence of a β‐sheet “iceberg” extending over three of the four strands. This study therefore extends the application of chemical shifts to understanding protein structure. Proteins 2010; © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational overuse syndrome and the effects of psychosocial stressors on keyboard users in the newspaper industry

Abstract There is continuing concern about the incidence of occupational overuse syndrome (OOS) among workers using keyboards. Following results from research showing positive correlations between psychosocial factors in the workplace and the incidence of OOS symptoms, it was hypothesizcd that differences in rates of pain reporting by keyboard workers are related to job stress caused by different levels in thc quality of the psychosocial work environment. An interaction between autonomy and the impact of work pressure on pain reporting was also predicted. Data were used from a sample of 550 keyboard users in several different types of job, working in eight different newspaper offices of the same newspaper company. The results confirmed the hypotheses. Post hoc analysis showed that there were important differences between the types of stressors that predicted the reporting of pain between offices, and those that predicted pain reporting between types of job. These results confirm the importance of consider.
Towards New Ambient Light Systems: a Close Look at Existing Encodings of Ambient Light Systems

Ambient systems provide information in the periphery of a user’s attention. Their aim is to present information as unobtrusively as possible to avoid interrupting primary tasks (e.g. writing or reading). In recent years, light has been used to create ambient systems to display information. Examples of ambient light systems range from simple notification systems such as displaying messages or calendar event reminders, to more complex systems such as focusing on conveying information regarding health activity tracking. However, for ambient light systems, there is a broad design space that lacks guidelines on when to make use of light displays and how to design them. In this paper we provide a systematic overview of existing ambient light systems over four identified information classes derived from 72 existing ambient light systems. The most prominent encoding parameters among the surveyed ambient light systems are color, brightness, and their combination. By analyzing existing ambient light systems, we provide a first step towards developing guidelines for designing future ambient light systems