Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural Resources and Education: Evidence from Chile

This paper empirically addresses the relationship between natural resource abundance and educational attainment. Using information for Chilean municipalities between 2000 and 2013, we exploit aggregate changes in natural resource exports and differences in local markets exposure to these changes to assess whether local specialization patterns may be related with educational outcomes. Our findings indicate that higher natural resource exports reduce educational attainment, in particular by discouraging young people from tertiary education. The effect is robust and quantitatively important. Our findings are consistent with the idea that natural resource abundance may have positive effects in the short-run, but may be detrimental for human capital accumulation.
Risk Factors and Environmental Preventive Actions for Aspergillosis in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

(1) Background: Aspergillus spp. is a widely distributed filamentous fungus in the environment due to its high sporulation capacity. Currently, invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most common invasive fungal infection in patients with hematologic malignancies, with high rates of mortality and morbidity. The multifactorial nature of the disease requires appropriate risk stratification to enable the most appropriate preventive measures to be adapted and implemented according to the characteristics of the patient. In this sense, the present research aims to identify recent risk factors and environmental control measures against invasive aspergillosis to establish preventive actions to reduce the incidence of invasive aspergillosis in hospitals. (2) Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic review of the scientific literature on environmental risk factors and preventive measures for invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies. The Medline, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were consulted, following the PRISMA and STROBE guidelines. (3) Results: Adequate implementation of environmental control measures is presented as the most efficient intervention in terms of prevention to decrease the incidence of invasive aspergillosis in hospitals. Neutropenia, fungal contamination, insufficient environmental control measures in hospital and home settings, length of hospital stay, and anemia, are identified as independent risk factors. We show that HEPA, LAF, and Plasmair® systems are suitable methods to reduce the concentration of airborne fungal spores. Antifungal prophylaxis did not significantly influence IA reduction in our study. (4) Conclusions: Proper professional training and environmental control measures in hospitals are essential for the prevention of invasive aspergillosis. We should optimize risk stratification for patients with hematologic malignancies. Antifungal prophylaxis should be complementary to environmental control measures and should never be substituted for the latter. Studies should also be undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of environmental control measures against IA at patients’ homes.
Histochemistry of gingiva: A review article

Histochemistry is the study of identification and distribution of chemical compounds within and between biological cells using histological techniques such as histological stains, indicators and light [optical] and electron microscopy. Histochemistry combines the methods of histology with those of chemistry or biochemistry, to reveal the biochemical composition of tissues and cells. This review discusses the histochemistry of gingiva to provide useful information regarding the chemical and enzyme systems of normal gingiva. In addition to adding to our understanding of physiologic processes in the gingiva this information provides the guidelines for interpreting the changes which occur in gingival diseases.
Nomogram and Web Calculator Based on Lasso-Logistic Regression for Predicting Persistent Organ Failure in Acute Pancreatitis Patients

Purpose Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal emergency. Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop organ failure, which is significantly associated with adverse outcomes. This study aimed to establish an early prediction model for persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis patients using 24-hour admission indicators. Patients and Methods Clinical data and 24-h laboratory indicators of patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2022 in Shanxi Bethune Hospital were collected. Patients from 2017 to 2021 were used as the training cohort to establish the prediction model, and patients from 2021 to 2022 were used as the validation cohort. Univariate logistic regression and LASSO regression were used to establish prediction models. The performance of the model was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), and subsequently validated in the validation group. Results A total of 1166 patients with acute pancreatitis were included, a total of 145 patients suffered from persistent organ failure from 2017 to 2021. Data were initially selected for 100 variables, and after inclusion and exclusion, 46 variables were used for further analysis. Two prediction models were established and nomogram was drawn respectively. After comparison, the prediction values of the two models were similar (The univariate model AUC was 0.867, 95% CI (0.834–0.9). The LASSO model AUC was 0.864, 95% CI (0.828–0.895)), and the model established by LASSO regression was more parsimonious. A web calculator was developed using the model established by LASSO. Conclusion Predictive model including 6 risk indicators can be used to predict the risk of persistent organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis.
The attenuative effects of oral resveratrol on renal changes induced by vanadium injection in rats

Introduction: Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4’-trihydroxystilbene) as a polyphenol with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties is known as an effective herbal medicine in different disorders in rats. Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of oral consumption of resveratrol on vanadium induced renal injury in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Animals received either ammonium metavanadate (AMV, 5 mg/ kg/d, (intraperitoneally; 14 consecutive days) or resveratrol solution (10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, gastric gavage) along with AMV treatment. The last group received resveratrol alone (50 mg/ kg, gastric gavage) for 4 weeks. Results: AMV injection caused progressive tubular damages resembling acute tubular necrosis. Microscopic views revealed tubular attenuation and blebbing. In addition, progressive peritubular congestion of the capillaries observed while no evidence of renal fibrosis was present in trichrome staining. Further, levels of the renal transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) as an index of fibrosis had no difference in treated animals as compared with the control (13.4±1.2 versus 11.24±0.93 pg/mg protein) at the P<0.05. However, in AMVtreated animals receiving the higher dose of resveratrol (50 mg/kg), the renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, showed no difference as compared with the saline-treated rats (42±1.3 versus 51±1.4). Conclusions It is evident that AMV injection had no ability to induce renal fibrosis in rats while it evokes renal destructive lesions based on pathological results and enzyme levels. Moreover, our preliminary results suggest that resveratrol in high dose (50 mg/kg) could confer a minor role against AMV induced renal tubular necrosis in rats due to pathological results.
LS-YOLO: A Novel Model for Detecting Multiscale Landslides With Remote Sensing Images

The landslide is a widespread and devastating natural disaster, posing serious threats to human life, security, and natural assets. Investigating efficient methods for accurate landslide detection with remote sensing images has important academic and practical implications. In this article, we proposed an LS-YOLO, a novel and effective model for landslide detection with remote sensing images. We first built a multiscale landslide dataset (MSLD) and introduced random seeds in the data augmentation to increase data robustness. Considering the multiscale characteristic of landslides in remote sensing images, a multiscale feature extraction module is designed based on efficient channel attention, average pooling, and spatial separable convolution. To increase the receptive field of the model, dilated convolution is employed to the decoupled head. Specifically, the context enhancement module consisting of dilation convolutions is added to the decoupled head regression task branch, and then the improved decoupled head is to replace the coupled head in YOLOv5s. Extensive experiments show that our proposed model has high performance for multiscale landslide detection and outperforms other object detection models (faster RCNN, SSD, EfficientDet-D0, YOLOv5s, YOLOv7, and YOLOX). Compared with the baseline model YOLOv5s, the AP of the LS-YOLO for detecting landslides has increased by 2.18%–97.06%.
Exploring Rotational Diffusion with Plasmonic Coupling

Measuring the orientation dynamics of nanoparticles and nonfluorescent molecules in real time with optical methods is still a challenge in nanoscience and biochemistry. Here, we examine optoplasmonic sensing taking the rotational diffusion of plasmonic nanorods as an experimental model. Our detection method is based on monitoring the dark-field scattering of a relatively large sensor gold nanorod (GNR) (40 nm in diameter and 112 nm in length) as smaller plasmonic nanorods cross its near field. We observe the rotational motion of single small gold nanorods (three samples with about 5 nm in diameter and 15.5, 19.1, and 24.6 nm in length) in real time with a time resolution around 50 ns. Plasmonic coupling enhances the signal of the diffusing gold nanorods, which are 1 order of magnitude smaller in volume (about 300 nm3) than those used in our previous rotational diffusion experiments. We find a better angular sensitivity with plasmonic coupling in comparison to the free diffusion in the confocal volume. Yet, the angle sensitivity we find with plasmonic coupling is reduced compared to the sensitivity expected from simulations at fixed positions due to the simultaneous translational and rotational diffusion of the small nanorods. To get a reliable plasmonic sensor with the full angular sensitivity, it will be necessary to construct a plasmonic assembly with positions and orientations nearly fixed around the optimum geometry.
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Background/Overview Surgical management of brain tumors involves resecting the brain tumor and preserving essential brain function. “Mapping” of brain functions, such as body movement and language, is most accurately achieved with direct cortical stimulation (DCS), an intraoperative procedure that lengthens operating times and requires a wide surgical opening. Even if not completely accurate compared with DCS, preoperative techniques that map brain functions may aid in planning the extent of resection and the surgical approach. Although DCS is still usually performed to confirm the brain locations associated with specific functions, preoperative mapping techniques may provide useful information that improves patient outcomes.
Impact of traditional Chinese Baduanjin exercise on menstrual health among international female students studying in China: a randomized controlled trial

Background Menstrual symptoms were the common complaints of international female students during the acculturation period, and the symptoms negatively affected the daily life and school performance of those women. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the traditional Chinese Baduanjin exercise on reducing menstrual symptoms for international female students studying in China during the acculturation period. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial among 62 international female students who suffered menstrual symptoms during the first 6 months after arriving in China. The study was carried out at three campuses of the two largest universities in the capital of a province in south-central China from March to October 2021. After screening, participants were randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. The intervention group engaged in 24 weeks of Baduanjin exercise for at least 30 min per day. The menstrual symptoms, sociocultural adaptation, perceived stress, and sleep quality were evaluated at baseline, the 12th week, and the 24th week. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, paired sample t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)were adopted to analyze the data using SPSS 25.0. Results Totally, 62 participants were enrolled in this study from 30 countries. Their mean age was 27.87 ± 5.58 years. None of the participants reported an adverse event. The results of the MANOVA test showed that the traditional Chinese Baduanjin exercise reduced the total score of MSQ among international female students (intervention: 47.83 ± 8.71 vs. control: 65.12 ± 16.86; F = 19.49, P < 0.01). In addition, the results of the MANOVA indicated statistically significant decreases in scores for the two subscales of MSQ: premenstrual symptoms (intervention: 17.07 ± 3.33 vs. control: 28.42 ± 7.56; F = 44.70, P < 0.01)and menstrual pain (16.03 ± 4.53 vs. 19.58 ± 5.14; F = 6.50, P < 0.05). Moreover, the results showed that traditional Chinese Baduanjin exercise reduced the scores of the sociocultural adaptation level, the perceived stress level, and sleep quality and improved the blood progesterone hormone and blood estrogen hormone. Conclusion Regular Baduanjin exercise is a safe, acceptable, and effective form of exercise to promote international female students' menstrual health, reduce stress levels, and improve sleep quality. Trial registration www.chictr. org.cn, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300072376.
A 20 MHz Repetition Rate, Sub-Picosecond Ti–Sapphire Laser for Fiber Delivery in Nonlinear Microscopy of the Skin

Nonlinear microscopy (NM) enables us to investigate the morphology or monitor the physiological processes of the skin through the use of ultrafast lasers. Fiber (or fiber-coupled) lasers are of great interest because they can easily be combined with a handheld, scanning nonlinear microscope. This latter feature greatly increases the utility of NM for pre-clinical applications and in vivo tissue imaging. Here, we present a fiber-coupled, sub-ps Ti–sapphire laser system being optimized for in vivo, stain-free, 3D imaging of skin alterations with a low thermal load of the skin. The laser is pumped by a low-cost, 2.1 W, 532 nm pump laser and delivers 0.5–1 ps, high-peak-power pulses at a ~20 MHz repetition rate. The spectral bandwidth of the laser is below 2 nm, which results in a low sensitivity for dispersion during fiber delivery. The reduction in the peak intensity due to the increased pulse duration is compensated by the lower repetition rate of our laser. In our proof-of-concept imaging experiments, a ~1.8 m long, commercial hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber was used for fiber delivery. Fresh and frozen skin biopsies of different skin alterations (e.g., adult hemangioma, basal cell cancer) and an unaffected control were used for high-quality, two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (2PEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) z-stack (3D) imaging.
Analysing the use of a computerized system by hospital managers

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Confl icts of interest: there are no confl icts of interest to declare. Abstract Objective: To analyze the use of a computerized system by hospital managers, evaluating their satisfaction related to the usefulness and ease of use of system. Methods: Case study, with a non-ex perimental design, conducted in a general hospital. The instrument used was based on the technological acceptance model. The population was composed of 63 managers and, based on the inclusion criteria, 60 managers were included in the study sample. Results: The system was considered useful by 90.5% of managers, while 84.7% agreed on its ease of use. The analyzed external variables (age, ease of using the technology, provision of training and technical support, computer availability, and favorability of use), showed an infl uence on satisfaction with the ease of use. The age and provided training did not infl uence satisfaction on the usefulness of the system. Conclusion: The managers showed greater satisfaction with the usefulness of the system when compared to the ease of use, due to the characteristics of the system and the institution.
The effect of endodontic filling agents on the activity of the regeneration processes of bone tissue in the experiment

Introduction. Highly important is to regenerate the inflammatory destructive processes of bone tissue outside the apical area of the tooth that would optimize reparative bone formation, mineralization of tooth tissues, restoration of periodontal function and stability of tooth to occlusive loads, especially with acquired extensive root apex. Low efficiency of endodontic treatment led to the searching of the new osteotropic drugs of osteoconductive action and biorevitalization to stimulate the repairing and regeneration of tissues outside the apical area and dense obturation of the apex of the tooth root.Aim. of our research was to determine the dynamics of reparative processes in the bone tissue under the influence of drugs and compositions for endodontic treatment based on an analysis of indicators of a mineral metabolism, marker enzymes and an activity of antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation.Material and Methods. An experiment was conducted on 120 white rats. It was created a bone defect, which was filled with studied biomaterials or left with a blood clot. From the experiment the rats were taken out on 14 and 90 day. In homogenates of bone tissue it was examined the activity of lysosomal enzymes — alkaline (ALP) and acid (AP) phosphatases and the content of microelements — calcium and phosphorus. In the blood of rats it was studied the concentration of general protein, lipid peroxidation products — malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and the enzyme activity of antioxidant system — catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results and conclusions. Results of conducted experimental research of the effect of endodontic filling materials on the activity of the regeneration processes of bone tissue show that proposed compositions based on hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate, due to their osteoconductive and biorevitalization qualities, promote more active stimulation of bone tissue regeneration processes compared to generally accepted drugs.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid fish Salvelinus fontinalis (♀) × Salvelinus malma sp. (♂)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the hybrid fish Salvelinus fontinalis (♀) × Salvelinus malma sp. (♂) was sequenced. It was 16,623-nucleotide in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions (L-strand replication origin and control region), showing conserved gene arrangement with most vertebrates. The phylogenetic tree showed the hybrid salmon to be one of the Salvelinus and the relationships of S. fontinalis were closer. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of S. fontinalis (♀) × S. malma sp. (♂) provided an important dataset for a better understanding of the mitogenomic diversities and evolution in salmon fish as well as novel genetic markers for studying population genetics and species identification.
Origin of geochemical mantle components: Role of subduction filter

We quantitatively explore element redistribution at subduction zones using numerical mass balance models to evaluate the roles of the subduction zone filter in the Earth's geochemical cycle. Our models of slab residues after arc magma genesis differ from previous ones by being internally consistent with geodynamic models of modern arcs that successfully explain arc magma genesis and include element fluxes from the dehydration/melting of each underlying slab component. We assume that the mantle potential temperature (Tp) was 1400–1650°C at 3.5–1.7 Ga and gradually decreased to 1300–1350°C today. Hot subduction zones with Tp ∼1650°C have a thermal structure like modern SW Japan where high‐Mg andesite is formed which is chemically like continental crust. After 2.5–1.7 Gyr of storage in the mantle, the residual igneous oceanic crust from hot subduction zones can evolve isotopically to the HIMU mantle component, the residual base of the mantle wedge to EMI, the residual sediment becomes an essential part of EMII, and the residual top of the mantle wedge can become the subcontinental lithosphere component. The Common or Focal Zone component is a stable mixture of the first three residues occasionally mixed with early depleted mantle. Slab residues that recycled earlier (∼2.5 Ga) form the DUPAL anomaly in the southern hemisphere, whereas residues of more recent recycling (∼1.7 Ga) underlie the northern hemisphere. These ages correspond to major continental crust forming events. The east‐west heterogeneity of the depleted upper mantle involves subcontinental mantle except in the Pacific.
Exploring the Impact of Primer–Template Mismatches on PCR Performance of DNA Polymerases Varying in Proofreading Activity

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used technique in gene expression analysis, diagnostics, and various molecular biology applications. However, the accuracy and sensitivity of PCR can be compromised by primer–template mismatches, potentially leading to erroneous results. In this study, we strategically designed 111 primer–template combinations with varying numbers, types, and locations of mismatches to meticulously assess their impact on qPCR performance while two distinctly different types of DNA polymerases were used. Notably, when a single-nucleotide mismatch occurred at the 3’ end of the primer, we observed significant decreases in the analytical sensitivity (0–4%) with Invitrogen™ Platinum™ Taq DNA Polymerase High Fidelity, while the analytical sensitivity remained unchanged with Takara Ex Taq Hot Start Version DNA Polymerase. Leveraging these findings, we designed a highly specific PCR to amplify Babesia while effectively avoiding the genetically close Theileria. Through elucidating the critical interplay between types of DNA polymerases and primer–template mismatches, this research provides valuable insights for improving PCR accuracy and performance. These findings have important implications for researchers aiming to achieve robust qPCR results in various molecular biology applications.
Manganese toxicity in Portuguese Cambisols derived from granitic rocks: causes, limitations of soil analyses and possible solutions

Cambisols are the major Reference Soil Group in Portugal. The yield of annual crops in these soils is generally poor, and the situation is aggravated in wet winters. In the south of Portugal, manganese toxicity has been identified as the major cause of poor growth and leaching as the main reason for the negative effect of rainfall observed in Cambisols developed on granitic formations. Manganese toxicity also appears to be present in the Cambisols in other regions of Portugal. Manganese toxicity is cross-related to the magnesium concentration, either in the soil solution or in plant shoots. Therefore, soil amendment using dolomitic limestone is needed to overcome the problem. Current soil test methods are unable to predict the level of Mn toxicity. However, new approach using the extraction of soil solution is proposed, although further work is needed to fully implement the method.