Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Frequency of Carbon Stars among Extremely Metal-poor Stars

We demonstrate that there are systematic scale errors in the [Fe/H] values determined by the Hamburg/ESO Survey (HES; and by inference by the HK survey in the past) for certain extremely metal-poor, highly C-enhanced giants. The consequences of these scale errors are that (1) the fraction of carbon stars at extremely low metallicities has been overestimated in several papers in the recent literature, (2) the number of extremely metal-poor stars known is somewhat lower than has been quoted in the recent literature, and (3) the yield for extremely metal-poor stars by the HES is somewhat lower than is stated in the recent literature. A preliminary estimate for the frequency of carbon stars among the giants in the HES sample with -4 < [Fe/H] < -2.0 dex is 7.4% ± 2.9%; adding an estimate for the C-enhanced giants with [C/Fe] > 1.0 dex without detectable C2 bands raises the fraction to 14% ± 4%. We rely on the results of an extensive set of homogeneous, detailed abundance analyses of stars expected to have [Fe/H] ≤ -3.0 dex selected from the HES to establish these claims. We have found that the Fe metallicity of the cooler (Teff ≲ 5200 K) C stars as derived from spectra taken with HIRES at Keck are a factor of ~10 higher than those obtained via the algorithm used by the HES project to analyze the moderate-resolution follow-up spectra, and this algorithm is identical to that used until very recently by the HK survey. This error in the Fe abundance estimate for C stars arises from a lowering of the emitted flux in the continuum bandpasses of the KP index (Ca II λ3933) and, particularly, the HP2 (Hδ) index used to estimate [Fe/H] due to absorption from strong molecular bands.
Parameters to consider for measurements of absorbed doses in vivo with mini‐thermoluminescent dosimeters

Background. For systemic radiation therapy, i.e., radioimmunotherapy, there is a demand for direct methods of measuring the absorbed dose in vivo. One such method is the use of mini‐thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). This paper reports an investigation of the sensitivity of tissue implanted mini‐TLDs (calcium sulfate:Dy, 0.2 × 0.4 × 5.0 mm).
The psychologist as an interlocutor in autism spectrum disorder assessment: insights from a study of spontaneous prosody.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between prosodic speech cues and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) severity, hypothesizing a mutually interactive relationship between the speech characteristics of the psychologist and the child. The authors objectively quantified acoustic-prosodic cues of the psychologist and of the child with ASD during spontaneous interaction, establishing a methodology for future large-sample analysis. METHOD Speech acoustic-prosodic features were semiautomatically derived from segments of semistructured interviews (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS; Lord, Rutter, DiLavore, & Risi, 1999; Lord et al., 2012) with 28 children who had previously been diagnosed with ASD. Prosody was quantified in terms of intonation, volume, rate, and voice quality. Research hypotheses were tested via correlation as well as hierarchical and predictive regression between ADOS severity and prosodic cues. RESULTS Automatically extracted speech features demonstrated prosodic characteristics of dyadic interactions. As rated ASD severity increased, both the psychologist and the child demonstrated effects for turn-end pitch slope, and both spoke with atypical voice quality. The psychologist's acoustic cues predicted the child's symptom severity better than did the child's acoustic cues. CONCLUSION The psychologist, acting as evaluator and interlocutor, was shown to adjust his or her behavior in predictable ways based on the child's social-communicative impairments. The results support future study of speech prosody of both interaction partners during spontaneous conversation, while using automatic computational methods that allow for scalable analysis on much larger corpora.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Is Required for the Proliferation of Hippocampal Progenitor Cells and for Hippocampal Growth in Mouse

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1) is expressed at high levels by progenitor cells of the ventricular zone (VZ) within the hippocampal primordium. To investigate the role of Fgfr1 in these cells, in vivo Cre recombination of “floxed” Fgfr1 alleles was directed to cells of the radial glial lineage by using the human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter. Radial glial-like cells of the hippocampal VZ are the progenitors of pyramidal neurons and granule cells of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Mice carrying null Fgfr1 alleles (Fgfr1Δflox) in cells of this lineage showed a dramatic loss of Fgfr1 gene expression throughout the embryonic dorsal telencephalon. These Fgfr1Δflox mice exhibited a ∼30% decrease in dividing radial glial progenitor cells in the hippocampal VZ and DG in the late embryonic period, progressing to a ∼50-60% loss at birth, without any changes in cell survival. In addition, no FGF2-sensitive neural stem cells could be isolated from the Fgfr1Δflox hippocampal neuroepithelium, whereas epidermal growth factor-sensitive neural stem cells were not affected. The number of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and DG granule cells was ∼30-50% decreased from the perinatal period through adulthood, and the number of parvalbumin-containing interneurons was similarly decreased in both the DG and pyramidal cell fields. We conclude that Fgfr1 is necessary for hippocampal growth, because it promotes the proliferation of hippocampal progenitors and stem cells during development.
Bitter-sweet symphony: glycan–lectin interactions in virus biology

Abstract Glycans are carbohydrate modifications typically found on proteins or lipids, and can act as ligands for glycan-binding proteins called lectins. Glycans and lectins play crucial roles in the function of cells and organs, and in the immune system of animals and humans. Viral pathogens use glycans and lectins that are encoded by their own or the host genome for their replication and spread. Recent advances in glycobiological research indicate that glycans and lectins mediate key interactions at the virus-host interface, controlling viral spread and/or activation of the immune system. This review reflects on glycan–lectin interactions in the context of viral infection and antiviral immunity. A short introduction illustrates the nature of glycans and lectins, and conveys the basic principles of their interactions. Subsequently, examples are discussed highlighting specific glycan–lectin interactions and how they affect the progress of viral infections, either benefiting the host or the virus. Moreover, glycan and lectin variability and their potential biological consequences are discussed. Finally, the review outlines how recent advances in the glycan–lectin field might be transformed into promising new approaches to antiviral therapy.
Multimodal management of colorectal liver metastases and the effect on regeneration and outcome after liver resection

Abstract Management of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) has dramatically changed during the last decade and has now become more multimodal and aggressive, including the use of downstaging chemotherapy, portal vein embolization to increase the function of the liver remnant or both in combination. Radiofrequency ablation is also an option in CRLM, potentially combined with surgical resection. Results are quite convincing concerning the safety of liver resection also when performed following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sparing liver parenchyma in patients with bilobar liver metastatic disease subjected to liver resection may be possible without endangering surgical radicality. Sparing liver parenchyma when using neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a chemotherapy-free period of 6 weeks or more seems to positively affect liver regeneration. There is still the possibility to reresect recurrent liver lesions, though there seems to be a tendency toward fewer reresections following the use of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Educational Intervention Research And Students With Learning Disabilities

An educational intervention is a set of behaviors engaged in by a teacher (human or mechanical) that leads to changes in a student's capacity to perfonn some task. This set ofbehaviors can be described in sufficient detail to pennit replication of the educational intervention with another student or by another teacher. In this definition, educational intervention is a series of teaching interactions. These teaching interactions may be delivered one-on-one or within a group; they may be performed in a laboratory setting or in a real life setting; they may be performed in a special education classroom or a general education classroom.
Activity of disinfectants against foodborne pathogens in suspension and adhered to stainless steel surfaces

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the efficacy of various disinfectants on planktonic cells and biofilm cells of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Numbers of viable biofilm cells decreased after treatment with all tested disinfectants (iodine, biguanide, quaternary ammonium compounds, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite). Sodium hypochlorite was the most effective disinfectant against biofilm cells, while biguanide was the least effective. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that cells adhered on stainless steel surface after treatment with the disinfectants. No viable planktonic cells were observed after treatment with the same disinfectants. Based on our findings, we concluded that biofilm cells might be more resistant to disinfectants than plancktonic cells.
Lag Effects in the Impacts of Mass Coral Bleaching on Coral Reef Fish, Fisheries, and Ecosystems

Abstract: Recent episodes of coral bleaching have led to wide‐scale loss of reef corals and raised concerns over the effectiveness of existing conservation and management efforts. The 1998 bleaching event was most severe in the western Indian Ocean, where coral declined by up to 90% in some locations. Using fisheries‐independent data, we assessed the long‐term impacts of this event on fishery target species in the Seychelles, the overall size structure of the fish assemblage, and the effectiveness of two marine protected areas (MPAs) in protecting fish communities. The biomass of fished species above the size retained in fish traps changed little between 1994 and 2005, indicating no current effect on fishery yields. Biomass remained higher in MPAs, indicating they were effective in protecting fish stocks. Nevertheless, the size structure of the fish communities, as described with size‐spectra analysis, changed in both fished areas and MPAs, with a decline in smaller fish (<30 cm) and an increase in larger fish (>45 cm). We believe this represents a time‐lag response to a reduction in reef structural complexity brought about because fishes are being lost through natural mortality and fishing, and are not being replaced by juveniles. This effect is expected to be greater in terms of fisheries productivity and, because congruent patterns are observed for herbivores, suggests that MPAs do not offer coral reefs long‐term resilience to bleaching events. Corallivores and planktivores declined strikingly in abundance, particularly in MPAs, and this decline was associated with a similar pattern of decline in their preferred corals. We suggest that climate‐mediated disturbances, such as coral bleaching, be at the fore of conservation planning for coral reefs.
Use of Osteogenesis Distractors in Cloverleaf Skull Reconstruction

AbstractCloverleaf skull deformity (Kleeblattschädel-Syndromen, trilobular skulls) results from synostosis of multiple cranial sutures. The number of sutures involved, the pathogenesis of the synostosis, and the associated anomalies and syndromes are variable. All forms of cloverleaf skull are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Management of surviving infants requires multiple decompressive and reconstructive operative procedures. Maximal advancement of the forehead/brow at the initial surgery is usually not enough to correct the associated proptosis and a second brow advancement must be done. We present a patient with Apert syndrome and cloverleaf skull deformity that required early (1 month old) cranial vault decompression due to severe proptosis and papilledema. Our management included the placement of osteogenesis distracters on the forehead/brow to gain additional advancement and expand the soft tissue.
Widely tunable extreme ultraviolet frequency comb generation

Frequency comb lasers [1] have led to great advances in fields such as precision spectroscopy, optical atomic clocks, and attosecond science. We transfer the remarkable precision of frequency combs to extreme ultraviolet (XUV) wavelengths by parametric amplification and high-harmonic generation (HHG) of two subsequent Ti:Sapphire comb laser pulses (see Fig. 1b). As a result a pair of phase-locked extreme ultraviolet pulses is generated, which can be used directly for precision spectroscopy without the need for an additional spectroscopy laser. Viewed in the frequency domain, the spectrum of the upconverted pulse sequence in the XUV still resembles a frequency comb, but now in the form of a cosine-modulated spectrum (see Fig. 1a). From a timedomain perspective, excitation with phase-locked pulses is a form of Ramsey excitation (see e.g. [2,3]).
Sequential extraction of clusters for imbalanced data

K-means type clustering has a central role in various clustering algorithms. In spite of its usefulness, there is a well-known drawback, the number of clusters should be determined beforehand, and clustering results are strongly depends of this number. Many researchers study on how to estimate this number and one algorithm is using sequential extraction of clusters. However, the clustering results by this algorithm is severely affected by the initial parameter setting. Additionally, if the dataset consists of imbalanced clusters and shapes, the results also can be worse. To overcome such problems, we propose automatic estimation of parameter values during the clustering process. We show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by using numerical examples.
Future home uninterruptible renewable energy system with vehicle-to-grid technology

This paper presents the structure and capabilities of a small, grid-interactive distributed energy resource system comprised of a photovoltaic source, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, and various local loads. Implemented at the residential level, this system, with a plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle, has the ability to isolate a house from the utility grid (intentionally due to a fault or other abnormal grid conditions), work in the standalone mode, synchronize and reconnect to the utility grid, without load power interruptions. Plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles, with a built-in bidirectional power converter, present the opportunity for demand-response operation in the grid connected mode, whereas in the islanded mode, it can perform frequency and voltage regulation of the power bus. In this paper, system structure and modes of operation are described, and measured results are presented for two main modes of operation and mode transitions.
Anterior cervical disc arthroplasty (ACDA) versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Surgical approaches are usually required in cases of severe cervical disc disease. The traditional method of anterior cervical disc fusion (ACDF) has been associated with reduced local mobility and increased occurrence of adjacent segment disease. The newer method of anterior cervical disc arthroplasty (ACDA) relies upon artificial discs of various products. Current literature is inconsistent in the comparative performance of these methods with regards to clinical, radiological and patient outcomes. METHODS Electronic databases, including OVID Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were comprehensively searched to retrieve studies comparing the treatment outcomes of ACDF and ACDA. Baseline characteristics and outcome data were extracted from eligible articles. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty five articles were identified through the database searches, and after screening 28 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 4,070 patients were included (2156 ACDA, 1914 ACDF). There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time, blood loss during operation, long-term all-complication rate and reoperation rate at the level of injury. The ACDA group had significantly better neurological outcomes, as well as a significantly lower rate of adjacent segment diseases. CONCLUSIONS Compared with ACDF, the ACDA procedure is associated with improved reoperation rate and reduction in neurological deficits amongst previously demonstrated benefits. There is heterogeneity in ACDA devices; future studies are required to investigate the impact of this technique on treatment outcomes.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ror2 Mediates Wnt5a-induced Polarized Cell Migration by Activating c-Jun N-terminal Kinase via Actin-binding Protein Filamin A*

The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 has recently been shown to act as an alternative receptor or coreceptor for Wnt5a and to mediate Wnt5a-induced migration of cultured cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying this migratory process. Here we show by wound-healing assays that Ror2 plays critical roles in Wnt5a-induced cell migration by regulating formation of lamellipodia and reorientation of microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Wnt5a stimulation induces activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK at the wound edge in a Ror2-dependent manner, and inhibiting JNK activity abrogates Wnt5a-induced lamellipodia formation and MTOC reorientation. Additionally, the association of Ror2 with the actin-binding protein filamin A is required for Wnt5a-induced JNK activation and polarized cell migration. We further show that Wnt5a-induced JNK activation and MTOC reorientation can be suppressed by inhibiting PKCζ. Taken together, our findings indicate that Wnt5a/Ror2 activates JNK, through a process involving filamin A and PKCζ, to regulate polarized cell migration.
A Preliminary Research on Modeling Cognitive Agents for Social Environments in Multi-Agent Systems

Cognitive agents for social environments are one of the most prevalent ideas in multi-agent design today. A vast majority of existing research either takes a centralist, static approach to organizational design or takes an emergent view which makes the behavior of the system as a whole is unpredictable. This paper elucidates our ideas on a general theory of collective behavior and structural formation. Our system is designed to achieve two goals. First, it aims to model the meso-level multiagent interaction by capturing both the organizational view and the emergent view. Our second goal is to provide a computational descriptive decision model of the highly cognitive process wherein decision-making. The architecture is intended to be as generic as possible, in which different decision heuristics and social structures can be implemented.
Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection by Rab5, Rab7, and the Endolysosomal Compartment

ABSTRACT Despite important progress toward deciphering human hepatitis B virus (HBV) entry into host cells, many aspects of the early steps of the life cycle remained completely obscure. Following endocytosis, HBV must travel through the complex network of the endocytic pathway to reach the cell nucleus and initiate replication. In addition to guiding the viral particles to the replication site, the endosomal vesicles may play a crucial role in infection, providing the appropriate environment for virus uncoating and nucleocapsid release. In this work, we investigated the trafficking of HBV particles internalized in permissive cells. Expression of key Rab proteins, involved in specific pathways leading to different intracellular locations, was modulated in HepaRG cells, using a stable and inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression system. The trafficking properties of the newly developed cells were demonstrated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry using specific markers. The results showed that HBV infection strongly depends on Rab5 and Rab7 expression, indicating that HBV transport from early to mature endosomes is required for a step in the viral life cycle. This may involve reduction of disulfide bond-linked envelope proteins, as alteration of the redox potential of the endocytic pathway resulted in inhibition of infection. Subcellular fractionation of HBV-infected cells showed that viral particles are further transported to lysosomes. Intriguingly, infection was not dependent on the lysosomal activity, suggesting that trafficking to this compartment is a “dead-end” route. Together, these data add to our understanding of the HBV-host cell interactions controlling the early stages of infection.
UPON A HILL THEY STOOD; EXPERIENCE AND CHANGE IN ADVENTURE GROUP SCHOOL COUNSELING

Upon A Hill They Stood; Experience and Change in Adventure Group School Counseling (May 1987) Scott Jules Davidson, B.A. Whittier College M. Ed., Ed. D. , University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Ena Vazquez-Nuttall This study articulates the theoretical structure of an adventure group school counseling treatment program: under stressful conditions of controlled risk (adventure), participants develop into a team (group) that positively supports each member’s experiential learning of socially significant skills (school), individual psychosocial growth, and specific behavior changes (counseling). As such, adventure group school counseling is an orderly incorporation of four key therapeutic processes: outdoor adventure, team development, experiential learning, and clinical debriefing. The closely related educational and counseling practices of Outward Bound and Project Adventure are examined in depth. This study then analyzes the design, implementation, and evaluation of an adventure group school counseling program in wilderness search and rescue team training. By design, the program presented few financial burdens and an acceptable level of physical risk while providing direct psychological
Stress-testing the welfare state

This is a collection of articles in three main sections: Business, distribution and gender, with the third position on the King's table and the slot of a lifetime. Temaene dekker sider ved forskning og samfunnsdebatt som Hilde Bojer har vaert og er en aktiv deltaker i. Forste del er skrevet av fagpersoner innenfor samfunnsokonomi, filosofi og sosiologi og belyser sider ved forskningen om rettferdig fordeling. The topics cover aspects of research and public debate as Hilde Bojer has been an active participant in.