Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child anemia in Cambodia: A descriptive analysis of temporal and geospatial trends and logistic regression-based examination of factors associated with anemia in children

Anemia in children remains a public health concern in many resource-limited countries. To better understand child anemia in Cambodia, we examined temporal and geospatial trends of childhood anemia and used logistic regression to analyze its association with individual and household characteristics using data from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Surveys for 2005, 2010, and 2014. The prevalence of childhood anemia decreased from 62.2% in 2005 to 56.6% in 2014. The prevalence of childhood anemia was highest in Pursat (84.3%) for 2005, Kampong Thom (67%) for 2010, and Preah Vihear and Steung Treng (68.6%) for 2014. After adjusting for other variables, factors positively associated with childhood anemia included having a mother who was anemic (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.58–1.97); being male vs. female (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07–1.33), underweight (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14–1.57), or stunted (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.41); or having had a recent episode of fever (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03–1.31). Children were less likely to have anemia if they were older than 12 months. They were also less likely to have anemia if they were from a wealthier household (AOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50–0.84) or had taken medications for intestinal parasites (AOR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.89–0.93). These associations were generally consistent across time and space. Public health interventions and policies to alleviate anemia should be prioritized to address these factors across geospatial divides. Anemia remains highly prevalent among children aged 6–59 months in Cambodia.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Trust to Friends, Community Members, and Unknown Peers in Adolescence

Abstract Trust plays an important role during adolescence for developing social relations. Although prior developmental studies give us insight into adolescents' development of differentiation between close (e.g., friends) and unknown (e.g., unknown peers) targets in trust choices, less is known about the development of trust to societal targets (e.g., members of a community organization) and its underlying neural mechanisms. Using a modified version of the Trust Game, our preregistered fMRI study examined the underlying neural mechanisms of trust to close (friend), societal (community member), and unknown others (unknown peer) during adolescence in 106 participants (aged 12–23 years). Adolescents showed most trust to friends, less trust to community members, and the least trust to unknown peers. Neural results show that target differentiation in adolescents' trust behavior is associated with activity in social brain regions implicated during mentalizing, reward processing, and cognitive control. Recruitment of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and OFC was higher for closer targets (i.e., friend and community member). For the mPFC, this effect was most pronounced during no trust choices. Trust to friends was additionally associated with increased activity in the precuneus and bilateral temporal parietal junction. In contrast, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex were most active for trust to unknown peers. The mPFC showed increased activity with age and consistent relations with individual differences in feeling needed/useful.
Dynamic analysis of the subsea production system with lazy-wave risers attached to FPSO

The lazy-wave riser is an input and output riser for a flexible development system, which is widely used in all the riser and pipeline systems. Because of the influence of various factors, its configuration description, control and motion which have a strong nonlinear character are complex during the running process of the lazy-wave riser. Reference to the specific structure and environmental parameters of a certain lazy-wave risers system with a 300 thousand tons FPSO, with the basis of the specific process of the flexible riser system at work, the lazy-wave risers were discretized into lumped mass models, combined with AQWA, the simplified dynamic model of the whole system at the depth of 2100m has been established by the large hydrodynamic analysis software OrcaFlex. The dynamic response characteristics of the lazy-wave risers have been given by using time domain coupling method. With and without the consideration of the 2nd wave drift load in the simulation process, the effects of the 2nd wave drift load on the results are obtained. The simulation results reveal the difficulty of simulation convergence caused by a large number of risers and flexible components. The 2nd order wave drift loads have a significant effect on the riser system, resulting in the increasement of the effective tension at each end of each riser. To counteract the magnitude of the FPSO response caused by such loads, the number of mooring lines needed to be increased or combined with dynamic positioning techniques to optimize the design.
Epidemiology and Clinical Course of Pediatric Uveitis in a Tertiary Referral Center in Northeastern Iran

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the distribution, clinical findings, treatment, complications, and visual outcomes of pediatric uveitis at a tertiary referral ophthalmic center. Methods The medical records of all patients ≤18 years diagnosed with and managed as uveitis from August 2016 to August 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Results Of the 97 patients, 52.6% were female, and the mean age at the onset was 10.5 ± 4.6 years (6 months to 18 years). Uveitis cases were predominantly anterior (33 [34%]), chronic (59 [60.8%]), bilateral (63 [64.9%]), and non-infectious (80 [82.5%]). A total of 36.1% (35 patients) of cases were idiopathic, and the most frequent systemic associations were juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 16 [16.5%]) and Behcet’s disease (15 [15.5%]). Most patients (74 [76.3%]) experienced ocular complications, including vasculitis (29 [29.9%]), posterior synechiae (23 [23.7%]), and cataracts (22 [22.7%]). Patients with uveitis of all anatomic locations experienced an improvement in best-corrected visual acuity during the follow-up period (p < 0.01). Conclusion The most prevalent systemic associations were JIA and Behcet’s disease. Ocular Behcet is a common etiology of pediatric uveitis in northeastern Iran. A timely and appropriate treatment could result in satisfactory visual outcomes.
Index of cardio-electrophysiological balance and Parkinson disease

Neurodegeneration of the autonomic nervous systems due to Parkinson disease (PD) may lead to increase in the QT duration. In recent years, a new parameter index of cardio-electrophysiological balance (ICEB) was found. ICEB is a significant parameter of medicine related dysrhythmia. The purpose of this research is to assess ICEB in PD. Twenty-eight PD cases and 26 controls participated in our investigation. First diagnosed PD patients were registered in the research. The symptom progression of PD was assessed Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale. Analyzed ECG variables are QRS, PR, QT, corrected QT (QTc) interval, ICEB and corrected index of cardio-electrophysiological balance (ICEBc). All cases had sinus rhythm. ICEB was analyzed by the ratio of QT/QRS. ICEBc was analyzed by the ratio of QTc/QRS. Twenty-eight PD cases participated in this research. Among PD cases, 15 patients were female (53.5%). The mean age of PD patients are 59.03 ± 9.94 years. There was no important difference between groups with respect to the clinical variables. The Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale was appreciably higher in the PD group than the Control group. The heart rate of the PD group was significantly lower than that of the control group. PR intervals and QRS duration were similar in both groups. QT and QTc duration were significantly longer in PD patients. Also, the ICEB and ICEBc variables were appreciably higher in PD cases. The findings of our investigation suggest that ICEB is related to PD. ICEB can help to evaluate arrhythmia risk in patients with PD.
Human Immunology

the results obtained with hla-mapper , BWA MEM, and Bowtie2. Overall, hla-mapper presented a superior performance, mainly for the classical HLA class I genes, minimizing wrong mapping and cross-mapping that are typically observed when using BWA MEM or Bowtie2 with a single reference genome.
The comparison of the watertight and non-watertight dural closure in supratentorial craniotomy: A single-institute 10-year experience with 698 patients

Watertight dural closure (WTDC) is considered crucial by many neurosurgeons in cranial base surgery, infratentorial craniotomy, and spinal intradural procedure. Whether WTDC also reduce complications remains controversial in supratentorial craniotomy. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between WTDC and CSF-related complications in supratentorial craniotomy for the resection of space-occupying lesions. A retrospective analysis of patients who suffered from intracranial space-occupying lesions at Beijing Ditan Hospital between January 2011 and December 2021 was conducted. A total of 698 cases were reviewed with attention to the operative approach, subgaleal fluid collection, wound healing impairment, postoperative infection, and post-craniotomy headaches. The study included a total of 423 patients with WTDC and 275 patients without WTDC. Patients without WTDC had a significantly higher rate of infection (10.9% vs 4.5% with WTDC, P = .001). The rate of subgaleal fluid collection was 9.7% in the WTDC group and 11.3% in the non-WTDC group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = .502). They suffered from a greater incidence of post-craniotomy headaches in the WTDC group (13.5% vs 9.5% in the non-WTDC group), but without statistical significance (P = .109). We also found no difference in wound healing impairment (P = .719). There is less postoperative infection associated with WTDC during intracranial space-occupying lesion removal than without WTDC in supratentorial craniotomy.
Joint modeling the frequency and duration of accelerometer‐measured physical activity from a lifestyle intervention trial

Physical activity (PA) guidelines recommend that PA be accumulated in bouts of 10 minutes or more in duration. Recently, researchers have sought to better understand how participants in PA interventions increase their activity. Participants can increase their daily PA by increasing the number of PA bouts per day while keeping the duration of the bouts constant; they can keep the number of bouts constant but increase the duration of each bout; or participants can increase both the number of bouts and their duration. We propose a novel joint modeling framework for modeling PA bouts and their duration over time. Our joint model is comprised of two sub‐models: a mixed‐effects Poisson hurdle sub‐model for the number of bouts per day and a mixed‐effects location scale gamma regression sub‐model to characterize the duration of the bouts and their variance. The model allows us to estimate how daily PA bouts and their duration vary together over the course of an intervention and by treatment condition and is specifically designed to capture the unique distributional features of bouted PA as measured by accelerometer: frequent measurements, zero‐inflated bouts, and skewed bout durations. We apply our methods to the Make Better Choices study, a longitudinal lifestyle intervention trial to increase PA. We perform a simulation study to evaluate how well our model is able to estimate relationships between outcomes.
The behavioural ecology of migratory salmonids in the River Tweed, UK

This study investigated various life history stages of salmonids within the River Tweed, UK with a focus on migratory movements. The River Tweed is a large upland river situated on the border between Scotland and England and is home to some of the healthiest stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (Salmo trutta) in the UK. The research undertaken as part of this thesis aims to assess how management can be improved to aid the migration of salmonids moving within freshwater. This is of particular importance due to increased demand for renewable energy including small scale hydropower as well as legislation that demands improved fish passage within rivers such as the Water Framework Directive. Sea trout smolts were captured and acoustic tagged to assess the roles that in river obstructions such as weirs play on their migration between years with varying river flow. The two study years varied radically in flow levels due to the incidences of hydrological drought in 2010 significant differences were observed in the degree of delay smolts experienced at weirs as well as differing responses to flow during years. Sea trout and salmon were acoustic tagged and tracked during their freshwater spawning migration. The aim of the study was to examine the interspecific differences in spawning migration such as spawning location and movement rate during migration. By looking at migration rate of sea trout and salmon it was observed that both species decreased their migratory rate the further into the river system they moved. It was also observed that sea trout and salmon spawned in different locations, with sea trout using tributaries and salmon using lower stretches of the Tweed. The small scale movements of freshwater resident trout was studied. Freshwater resident trout tend to have relatively small home ranges and often hold a territory within their home range. As a result they also tend to rapidly home back to their territory after being displaced from it. As such, the study aimed to assess the degree to which brown trout home after being displaced, particularly whether being offered a choice of empty territories at their site of displacement would affect their homing behaviour. The study found that there was no apparent difference in homing behaviour observed between treatment groups offered empty territories at their site of displacement compared to controls that were displaced into fully populated sites. Continued research into the behaviour of salmonid species is important due to increasing demand on water resources, future conflict between man and fishes water needs is inevitable.
Estimated standard values of aerobic capacity according to sex and age in a Japanese population: A scoping review

Aerobic capacity is a fitness measure reflecting the ability to sustain whole-body physical activity as fast and long as possible. Identifying the distribution of aerobic capacity in a population may help estimate their health status. This study aimed to estimate standard values of aerobic capacity (peak oxygen uptake [V˙O2peak]/kg and anaerobic threshold [AT]/kg) for the Japanese population stratified by sex and age using a meta-analysis. Moreover, the comparison of the estimated standard values of the Japanese with those of other populations was performed as a supplementary analysis. We systematically searched original articles on aerobic capacity in the Japanese population using PubMed, Ichushi-Web, and Google Scholar. We meta-analysed V˙O2peak/kg (total: 78,714, men: 54,614, women: 24,100) and AT (total: 4,042, men: 1,961, women: 2,081) data of healthy Japanese from 21 articles by sex and age. We also searched, collected and meta-analysed data from other populations. Means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The estimated standard values of V˙O2peak/kg (mL/kg/min) for Japanese men and women aged 4–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years were 47.6, 51.2, 43.2, 37.2, 34.5, 31.7, 28.6, and 26.3, and 42.0, 43.2, 33.6, 30.6, 27.4, 25.6, 23.4, and 23.1, respectively. The AT/kg (mL/kg/min) for Japanese men and women aged 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years were 21.1, 18.3, 16.8, 15.9, 15.8, and 15.2, and 17.4, 17.0, 15.7, 15.0, 14.5, and 14.2, respectively. Herein, we presented the estimated standard values of aerobic capacity according to sex and age in a Japanese population. In conclusion, aerobic capacity declines with ageing after 20–29 years of age. Additionally, aerobic capacity is lower in the Japanese population than in other populations across a wide range of age groups. Standard value estimation by meta-analysis can be conducted in any country or region and for public health purposes.
A Role for Bottom–Up Alpha Oscillations in Temporal Integration

Abstract Neural oscillations in the 8–12 Hz alpha band are thought to represent top–down inhibitory control and to influence temporal resolution: Individuals with faster peak frequencies segregate stimuli appearing closer in time. Recently, this theory has been challenged. Here, we investigate a special case in which alpha does not correlate with temporal resolution: when stimuli are presented amidst strong visual drive. Based on findings regarding alpha rhythmogenesis and wave spatial propagation, we suggest that stimulus-induced, bottom–up alpha oscillations play a role in temporal integration. We propose a theoretical model, informed by visual persistence, lateral inhibition, and network refractory periods, and simulate physiologically plausible scenarios of the interaction between bottom–up alpha and the temporal segregation. Our simulations reveal that different features of oscillations, including frequency, phase, and power, can influence temporal perception and provide a theoretically informed starting point for future empirical studies.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11:4

Silent reading and reading aloud of German words and pseudowords were used in a PET study using (O)butanol to examine the neural correlates of reading and of the phonological conversion of legal letter strings, with or without meaning. The results of 11 healthy, right-handed volunteers in the age range of 25 to 30 years showed activation of the lingual gyri during silent reading in comparison with viewing a axation cross. Comparisons between the reading of words and pseudowords suggest the involvement of the middle temporal gyri in retrieving both the phonological and semantic code for words. The reading of pseudowords activates the left inferior frontal gyrus, including the ventral part of Broca’s area, to a larger extent than the reading of words. This suggests that this area might be involved in the sublexical conversion of orthographic input strings into phonological output codes. (Pre)motor areas were found to be activated during both silent reading and reading aloud. On the basis of the obtained activation patterns, it is hypothesized that the articulation of high-frequency syllables requires the retrieval of their concomitant articulatory gestures from the SMA and that the articulation of lowfrequency syllables recruits the left medial premotor cortex.
Electrophysiological signatures of visual recognition memory across all layers of mouse V1

In mouse primary visual cortex (V1), familiar stimuli evoke significantly altered responses when compared to novel stimuli. This stimulus-selective response plasticity (SRP) was described originally as an increase in the magnitude of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited in layer (L) 4 by familiar phase-reversing grating stimuli. SRP is dependent on NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and has been hypothesized to reflect potentiation of thalamocortical synapses in L4. However, recent evidence indicates that the synaptic modifications that manifest as SRP do not occur on L4 principal cells. To shed light on where and how SRP is induced and expressed, the present study had three related aims: (1) to confirm that NMDAR are required specifically in glutamatergic principal neurons of V1, (2) to investigate the consequences of deleting NMDAR specifically in L6, and (3) to use translaminar electrophysiological recordings to characterize SRP expression in different layers of V1. We find that knockout of NMDAR in L6 principal neurons disrupts SRP. Current-source density analysis of the VEP depth profile shows augmentation of short latency current sinks in layers 3, 4 and 6 in response to phase reversals of familiar stimuli. Multiunit recordings demonstrate that increased peak firing occurs to in response to phase reversals of familiar stimuli across all layers, but that activity between phase reversals is suppressed. Together, these data reveal important aspects of the underlying phenomenology of SRP and generate new hypotheses for the expression of experience-dependent plasticity in V1. Significance Statement Repeated exposure to stimuli that portend neither reward nor punishment leads to behavioral habituation, enabling organisms to dedicate attention to novel or otherwise significant features of the environment. The neural basis of this process, which is so often dysregulated in neurological and psychiatric disorders, remains poorly understood. Learning and memory of stimulus familiarity can be studied in mouse visual cortex by measuring electrophysiological responses to simple phase-reversing grating stimuli. The current study advances knowledge of this process by documenting changes in visual evoked potentials, neuronal spiking activity, and oscillations in the local field potentials across all layers of mouse visual cortex. In addition, we identify a key contribution of a specific population of neurons in layer 6 of visual cortex.
Culture and Compliance: Evidence from the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme

I study the role of culture in firms’ compliance decisions in the context of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, an international regulation implemented in multiple countries with different levels of cultural indicators. To probe causality, I look within countries and exploit the differences in the locations of central headquarters of multinational firms. Using trust as a main cultural indicator, this exercise reveals that installations owned by firms headquartered in high-trust countries were more likely to comply with the regulation than those owned by firms headquartered in low-trust countries, even when they operated in the same geographic area. Using other relevant indicators of culture such as morality and civic virtue yields similar results, which suggests that culture, measured by several indicators, exerts influence on the compliance behavior of firms.
Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental materials, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics

Objective: The motivation of this study was to investigate the effect of grape seed extract on dentin remineralization. Methodology: Sound dentin disks were prepared from the buccal surfaces of human impacted third molars. The specimens were stored in demineralizing solution for 72 hours at room temperature to create artificial carious lesions. They were divided into four groups according to the treatment used; 15% GSE, 1000 ppm sodium fluoride, artificial saliva meanwhile teeth in the fourth group were kept without treatment as a negative control group. An in vitro pH cycling model for eight successive days was done. Subsequently micro-hardness of the specimens and their micro-morphological appearance were evaluated using micro-indenter and Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) respectively. Data were statically analyzed. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant increase in dentin micro-hardness values of GSE and NaF groups in comparison to the demineralized and artificial saliva groups. The ESEM micrographs confirmed the micro-hardness results. Conclusions: GSE is a promising natural remineralizing agent for treatment of the demineralized dentin.