Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Fusion of Multi-modality Images Based on Regional Accumulated Gradient Contrast

On the basis of the image structure, this paper proposes a fast fusion method based on gradient for fusing multimodality images from the performance of ubiquity and realtime of the method. First, the algorithm of the regional accumulated gradient contrast is used for extracting structure and boundary information for the image, and constructing two saliency maps, respectively. Next, an initial decision map is obtained by comparing two saliency maps after normalization, which is then optimized by the morphology filter and image guidance algorithm to produce the final decision map. Finally, with a pixel-weighted fusion rule, the fusion image is completed pixel by pixel. The experiments show that the proposed method is close to optimal in terms of both subjective visual evaluations and objective evaluations, and the running efficiency is high, yielding a tolerable run time that is suitable for realtime fusion.
Performance of Real-Time PPP for UTC(k) Time Transfer

SummaryWe compare time transfer UTC(ORB) – UTC(JV) between real-time PPP (Precise Point Positioning) and post-processed PPP used by BIPM in the computation of TAI. We find close to identical stabilities and sub-ns variation in differenced time-transfer estimates. Moreover, the stability of real-time PPP clock bias estimates are an order of magnitude improved over stand-alone receiver operation for observation intervals up to 10 000 s.
Examination of causative link between a spring bloom and dry/wet deposition of Asian dust in the Yellow Sea, China

[1] Atmospheric deposition can deliver new nutrients to the surface water and support primary productivity. Here we report a phytoplankton bloom that developed in the Yellow Sea in the spring of 2007 3–4 days following a dust storm accompanied by precipitation. Our data indicate that atmospheric deposition dominated the supply of new nutrients to the surface water in the central Yellow Sea during the dust event. Dust-derived nitrogen (N) supply was sufficient to support the observed phytoplankton growth, while, dust-derived iron (Fe) supply far exceeded that required by the biota. Granger causality test results further supported that dust-derived nutrients deposition was the cause for the observed bloom with a lag of 3–5 days. Our results contribute to the growing database linking phytoplankton blooms to atmospheric deposition derived fertilization effects. Both dry and wet deposition contributed nutrients to the surface ocean during this event; however, the nutrient loading from dry deposition alone was not sufficient to satisfy the demand of the phytoplankton in this bloom event.
Feline Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a feeder layer for oocytes maturation and embryos culture in vitro

Introduction Due to their capacity to release growth factors and cytokines, co-culture using mesenchymal stem cells has been considered a good alternative to promoting the maturation of the oocytes and the embryo’s development quality in vitro in different mammalian species. In this regard, we investigated the effect of feline Wharton’s jelly MSCs as feeders layer in oocyte maturation—consequently, the development of resulting embryos in co-culture. Methods Oocytes with dark cytoplasm and a few layers of cumulus cells were collected and subjected to in vitro maturation and embryo culture using commercial media with and without MSCs addition. The oocytes’ nuclear maturation and the degree of cumulus expansion in different groups were assessed after 24 h; the development of the embryo was evaluated every 12 h until day eight. Results Although MSCs increased the proportion of cumulus cells oocytes exhibiting cumulus expansion, there were no significant differences in the percentage of matured oocytes (metaphase II) among the groups (p > 0.05). However, the embryo development differs significantly, with a higher cleavage, morula, and blastocyst percentage in oocytes matured with MSC co-culture conditions than in commercial media alone (p < 0.05). Also, we observed higher morula and blastocyst rates in the embryos co-cultured with MSCs during the in vitro culture (p > 0.05). Conclusion Based on our results, the co-culture with MSCs during the oocyte maturation resulted in better embryo development, as well as the MSCs addition during embryo culture returned an increased number of morula and blastocysts. Further research is needed to fully understand and optimize the use of MSCs in oocyte maturation and embryo development.
Bearing fault detection in induction motors using the ROCOF and k-nearest neighbors algorithm

The actual tendency in electric systems for industrial and academic applications is to lead them to the smart systems philosophy. Nowadays, electronic instrumentation is an interesting area for researchers for electric motors’ control, monitoring, and maintenance purposes. Motor current signal analysis is one of the most used methods for fault detection in electric machines due to its noninvasive nature and the vast amount of information it contains; several techniques have been developed for bearing fault detection based on current signals, commonly through a spectrum analysis. Because of this, this paper proposes a methodology based on the rate of change of frequency estimation and a machine learning classifier (k-nearest neighbors). In this work, bearing ball damage and outer race damage scenarios were analyzed using the proposed method via the Digital Taylor-Fourier Transform, resulting in accuracy percentages of 97% and 94% for each case, respectively. That methodology does not require characterization supervised by a qualified person.
Account Service Network: A Unified Decentralized Web 3.0 Portal With Credible Anonymity

The transition to Web 3.0 promises enhanced connectivity, security, decentralization, and user control. However, adoption has lagged due to scalability, interoperability, and usability challenges, as well as lack of trust in anonymous users. This paper presents the Account Service Network (ASN), a layer 2 blockchain solution offering a unified decentralized portal to access Web 3.0 services while ensuring credible anonymity and user control. Central to ASN is a one-person-one-account framework binding biometric data to user accounts to enable trusted anonymity. Further, ASN employs account abstraction and multi-party computation threshold signatures to provide a seamless experience across services. By tackling key obstacles facing Web 3.0, ASN can potentially accelerate mainstream adoption. We present ASN’s design and prototype implementation to demonstrate its feasibility.
Seasonal cycle of the residual mean meridional circulation in the stratosphere

The transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) residual circulation is used to study the zonally averaged transport of mass in the stratosphere. The residual circulation is estimated from heating rates computed with a radiative transfer model using data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) as inputs. An annual cycle exists in the resulting circulation in the lower stratosphere, with a larger net upward mass flux across a pressure surface in the tropics during northern hemisphere winter than during northern hemisphere summer. The annual cycle in upward tropical mass flux follows the annual cycle in downward mass flux across a pressure surface in the northern hemisphere extratropics. It is argued that the annual cycle in zonal momentum forcing in the northern hemisphere stratosphere is controlling mass flux across a pressure surface in the lower stratosphere both in the tropics and in the northern hemisphere extratropics. 40 refs., 17 figs., 5 tabs.
A multidecadal study of cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer

Changes in the distributions of cirrus in the upper troposphere centered at 100 hPa in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) during the last 27 years (1985–2012) are quantified based upon an analysis of five independent data sets. Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II, Halogen Occultation Experiment, Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer, High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder, and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization data are used to determine cirrus frequency‐of‐occurrence geospatial distributions in the TTL in multiple year segments during 1985–2012. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) tropical widths of cirrus zonal averages of occurrence frequency centered at 100 hPa are calculated for each experiment. The FWHMs have a 2σ trend of 0.28 ± 1.5° decade−1. This statistically insignificant trend is similar to those calculated by Davis and Rosenlof (2012) based upon analyses of reanalysis tropopause height and tropopause latitudinal gradients near 100 hPa.
Unmasking Hypoglossal Nerve Schwannomas Mimicking Submandibular Salivary Gland Tumors: Case Report of a Rare Presentation and Surgical Management

Background: Schwannomas are solitary neurogenic tumors originating from the myelin-producing cells of the neural sheath. Hypoglossal nerve schwannomas are exceedingly rare, particularly those extracranially originating and mimicking a submandibular salivary gland tumor. Methods: We report the case of a 31-year-old female who presented to our ENT department with a painless swelling in her left submandibular region that has persisted for approximately five months. Discussion: Due to the rarity of these tumors and their unique nature, a comprehensive diagnostic workup is imperative for accurate diagnosis. Surgical excision remains the gold standard treatment. Conclusions: Extracranial hypoglossal nerve schwannomas represent a rare clinical entity requiring a thorough diagnostic process for precise identification. The preferred treatment strategy for managing hypoglossal gland schwannomas involves complete tumor excision while preserving the facial nerve.
Spatial and temporal variations of snow cover in the Loess Plateau, China

Using 8‐day snow cover data of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer from 2003 to 2013, we combined MOD10A2 and MYD10A2 to remove clouds and analysed the spatial and temporal variations of snow cover in the Loess Plateau, China. The snow cover throughout the entire Loess Plateau, including its central, southeast, and northwest sub‐regions, exhibits consistent seasonal trends. The majority of snow cover is present from early November to late March, including four sub‐cycles that involve separated snow cover accumulation and ablation processes. The maximum snow‐covered area occurs in January with an areal extent of 1 242 000 km2, whereas the minimum snow‐covered area is observed from May to August. There is an evident relationship between snow cover distribution and elevation. The majority of snow cover is located in the central sub‐region, whereas the lowest amount of snow cover exists in the northwest sub‐region. In the examined 11 years, the snow cover area and snow cover days fluctuated considerably without a significant trend. A significantly negative correlation between snow cover and intra‐annual temperature variation is observed. The monthly snow cover is found to correspond well with the Siberian High Central Intensity, particularly evident in November 2005, December 2007, December 2009, and December 2011. The response of the snow cover to the El Niño Southern Oscillation event was relatively weak, except for the significant cold event in late 2007 to early 2008 that caused a significantly positive snow cover anomaly.
Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management

OVERVIEWS Introduction to Simulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soils, M.J. Shaffer, L. Ma, and S. Hansen Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Upland Soils, M.J. Shaffer and L. Ma Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Wetland Soils, W.F. DeBusk, J.R. White, and K.R. Reddy A Review of Carbon and Nitrogen Processes in nine U.S. Soil Nitrogen Dynamics Models, L. Ma and M.J. Shaffer A Review of Carbon and Nitrogen Processes in European Soil Nitrogen Dynamics Models, M.B. McGechan and L. Wu A Review of Canadian Ecosystem Model - Ecosys, R.F. Grant Application of RZWQM for Nitrogen Management, L. Ma, M. Shaffer, and L. Ahuja Simulated Interaction of Carbon Dynamics and Nitrogen Trace Gas Fluxes Using the DAYCENT Model, S.J. Del Grosso, W.J. Parton, A.R. Mosier, M.D. Hartman, J. Brenner, D.S. Ojima, and D.S. Schimel NLEAP Water Quality Applications in Bulgaria, Dimitar Stoichev, Milena Kercheva, and Dimitranka Stoicheva Use of Simulations for Evaluation of Best Management Practices on Irrigated Cropping Systems, Jorge Delgado NLEAP (NLEAP on STELLA) - A Nitrogen Cycling Model with a Graphical Interface: Implications for Model Developers and Users, S. Bittman, D.E. Hunt, M.J. Shaffer, and T.L. Nelson NLEAP Internet Tools for Estimating NO3-N Leaching and N2O Emissions, M. Shaffer, K. Lasnik, X. Ou, R. Flynn, and C. Xu Modelling the Effects of Manure and Fertilizer Management Options on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Processes, M.B. McGechan, D.R. Lewis, L. Wu, and I.P. McTaggart Parametrisation of Soil Nitrogen Transport Models by Use of Laboratory and Field Data, E. Priesack, S. Achatz, and R. Stenger Application of the Daisy Model for Short- and Long-Term Simulation of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics, L.S. Jensen, T. Mueller, S. Bruun, and S. Hansen Modelling Nitrate Leaching at Different Scales - Application of the Daisy Model, Soren Hansen, Christian Thirup, Jens Christian Refsgaard, and Lars Stoumann Jensen Performance of a Nitrogen Dynamics Model Applied to Evaluate Agricultural Management Practices, K.C. Kersebaum and A.J. Beblik Modeling N Behavior in the Soil and Vadoze Environment Supporting Fertilizer Management at the Farm Scale, Juan David Pineros Garcet, Amaury Tilmant, Mathieu Javauz, and Marnik Vanclooster Modeling Transformations of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen at Differing Scales of Complexity, R.F. Grant
Plan Recognition as Probabilistic Trace Alignment

Plan Recognition is the task of identifying the goals and plans of an agent by observing its behavior within the environment. The problem has been extensively studied in the context of planning, in particular bringing forward stochastic techniques dealing with probability distributions over the possible agent goals, under the assumption that observations are reliable. More recently, a connection between this problem and process mining techniques has been established, paving the way towards the application of alignment-based conformance checking techniques from process mining to tackle plan recognition problems in a setting where observations may be faulty. In this work, we reconcile these two lines of research in a unified framework that deals at once with uncertainty over the goals and the faithfulness of observations. Instead of using ad-hoc techniques to solve this problem, we cast it as a probabilistic trace alignment problem, trading off between the similarity of observations and plans, and the likelihood that the agent is performing those plans. We assess the effectiveness of our approach by conducting a comparative experimental evaluation on state-of-the-art benchmarks.
A Curved Four-Conductor Assembly with Larger Uniform Region

Most atomic physics setups require a uniform static magnetic field to define a quantization axis. The straight four-conductor assembly has been proven to be a useful structure for producing such a uniform static magnetic field. Here, we present an improved four-conductor assembly, where each conductor consists of one straight section and two curved sections. This hybrid structure arrangement offers more degrees of freedom than the conventional straight four-conductor assembly, enabling a larger uniform field region and better field spatial uniformity. The modified magnetic field generation structure can be used in many fields of atomic precision spectroscopy.
Trends in Spanish catch rates for Northern European hake "Merluccius merluccius" (L., 1758): Standardizing

espanolSe muestra la aplicacion de un modelo lineal generalizado (GLM) para la estandarizacion de la captura por unidad de esfuerzo (cpue) de la merluza europea Merluccius merluccius (L., 1758) del stock norte en la subarea VII del Consejo Internacional para la Exploracion del Mar (CIEM) durante el periodo 1986- 2000. Los datos de esfuerzo y captura proceden de las flotas de arrastre y de palangre de los puertos de A Coruna, Burela y Celeiro (en el noroeste de Espana) dirigidas a la pesca de merluza del stock norte. En el modelo para la flota arrastrera del puerto de A Coruna se incluyeron los factores ano, mes y categoria del barco, que relacionan la potencia del motor con su poder de pesca, y en el modelo para la flota palangrera de los puertos de A Coruna, Burela y Celeiro se incluyeron los factores ano, mes, barco y dias de pesca. Ambos modelos reflejan interacciones significativas entre los factores ano-mes; asi, el 55 % de la variacion total observada se explica con el modelo para la flota arrastrera del puerto de A Coruna, y el 48 % se explica con el modelo para la flota palangrera. Las dos tipificaciones demuestran, asi mismo, tendencias interanuales similares en las tasas de capturas estandarizadas y nominales EnglishStandardization of catch per unit effort (cpue) series using a generalized linear model (GLM) for Northern European hake Merluccius merluccius (L., 1758) in International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) subarea VII, based on catch and effort data from the Spanish trawler and longliner fleets from 1986 to 2000, are presented. Data were collected from trawler and longliner fleets targeting hake off the Spanish ports of La Coruna, Burela, and Celeiro. Main factors in the models created include a factor for engine Horse Power, to adjust for characteristics that determine fishing power; Year and Month factors for La Coruna�s trawler fleet; and the factors Month, Year, Vessel, and Fishing Days for the Spanish longliner fleet as a whole. Moreover, both models indicate that interactions between the Year and Month factors also had a significant impact on hake catch rates. The total proportions of variance explained by these models were 55% for La Coruna�s trawler fleet, and about 48 % for Spanish longliner fleet. The results showed similar patterns comparing nominal and standardized catch rates.
Integrating intention-based systems in human-robot interaction: a scoping review of sensors, algorithms, and trust

The increasing adoption of robot systems in industrial settings and teaming with humans have led to a growing interest in human-robot interaction (HRI) research. While many robots use sensors to avoid harming humans, they cannot elaborate on human actions or intentions, making them passive reactors rather than interactive collaborators. Intention-based systems can determine human motives and predict future movements, but their closer interaction with humans raises concerns about trust. This scoping review provides an overview of sensors, algorithms, and examines the trust aspect of intention-based systems in HRI scenarios. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and IEEE Xplore databases to identify studies related to the forementioned topics of intention-based systems in HRI. Results from each study were summarized and categorized according to different intention types, representing various designs. The literature shows a range of sensors and algorithms used to identify intentions, each with their own advantages and disadvantages in different scenarios. However, trust of intention-based systems is not well studied. Although some research in AI and robotics can be applied to intention-based systems, their unique characteristics warrant further study to maximize collaboration performance. This review highlights the need for more research on the trust aspects of intention-based systems to better understand and optimize their role in human-robot interactions, at the same time establishes a foundation for future research in sensor and algorithm designs for intention-based systems.
Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making: A Fuzzy Algorithm for Emergency Evacuation Tasks

The purpose of this article is to analyze what it is going on nowadays in fuzzy methods of multi-objective optimization, as well as the development of aggregation operators and algorithms that use fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making using the intuitionistic relation of linguistic preferences. Most real optimization problems can have conflicting goals. Fuzzy logic methods are particularly suitable for making evacuation decisions when there is little data, knowledge of cause-and-effect relationships is inaccurate, and observations and criteria both could be presented in linguistic terms. The main stages of group adoption of the best decision among alternatives in a fuzzy environment are presented. A group decision-making model and linguistic variables used in emergency forecasting and evacuation planning are considered. It is noted that the well-known operators of ordered weighted averaging do not consider the weights of experts. An operator is defined that allows considering the weight values of experts, as well as an approach to determining a fuzzy group decision as a set of type 2. Algorithms for determining a fuzzy group multicriteria decision are presented.
Effects of the interaction between PTSD and ADHD symptoms on the level of reporting psychotic-like experiences: findings from a non-clinical population

Objective Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are increasingly being recognized as subclinical phenomena that might predict the development of various mental disorders that are not limited to the psychosis spectrum. Accumulating evidence suggests that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid mental disorders. However, their interactive effect on the occurrence of PLEs has not been investigated so far. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate the effect of interaction between ADHD and PTSD symptoms on the level of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the non-clinical sample. Methods The study included 3,000 individuals aged 18–35 years with a negative history of psychiatric treatment. The symptoms of ADHD and PTSD were assessed using self-reports. Results There was a significant association of the interaction between ADHD and PTSD with the level of reporting PLEs. This association remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, the level of education, the current vocational situation, lifetime history of problematic substance use, and depressive symptoms. Post-hoc tests demonstrated significantly higher levels of reporting PLEs in participants with positive screening for both ADHD and PTSD compared to other subgroups of participants. Also, individuals with positive screening for one vulnerability (either ADHD or PTSD) reported significantly higher levels of reporting PLEs compared to those with a negative screening for ADHD and PTSD. In turn, no significant differences between individuals reporting one vulnerability, i.e., between those with positive screening for ADHD and those with positive screening for PTSD, were observed. Conclusion Findings from the present study imply that both PTSD and ADHD symptoms the interaction effect on the level of reporting PLEs that might be of importance for early intervention strategies. However, observed associations require replication in clinical samples.
Codex alimentarius: food hygiene basic texts.

This publication contains guidance on the development and application of international food hygiene standards, which covers practices from primary production through to final consumption, highlighting key hygiene controls at each stage. It also contains guidance on the use and application of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system to promote food safety, as well as principles for the establishment and application of microbiological criteria for foods and the conduct of microbiological assessment.