Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron paramagnetic resonance of n-type silicon and germanium for applications in 3D thermometry

While there are several 2D thermometry techniques that provide excellent spatial, temporal and temperature resolution, there is a lack of 3D thermometry techniques that work for a wide range of materials and offer good resolution in time, space and temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging can provide 3D temperature information. However, XRD is typically limited to crystalline materials while NMR is largely limited to liquids where the resonance lines are sufficiently narrow. We investigate electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of n-type silicon and germanium as a possible means of 3D thermometry. While in germanium the EPR linewidths are too broad for thermometry, EPR linewidths in silicon are reasonably narrow and exhibit a strong temperature dependence. The temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T 1 ) of conduction electrons in n-type Si have been extensively studied for low dopant concentrations and follows a 𝑇 3 law due to phonon broadening. For heavily doped Si, which is desirable for good signal to noise ratio (SNR) for application in thermometry, impurity scattering is expected to decrease the temperature dependence of 1/T 1 . Our results show that, in heavily doped n-type Si, spin-lattice relaxation induced by impurity scattering does not drastically decrease the temperature dependence of EPR linewidths. In P-doped Si with donor concentration of 7 × 10 18 /cm 3 , the EPR linewidth has a 𝑇 5/2 temperature dependence; the temperature dependence decreases to 𝑇 3/2 when the donor concentration is 7 × 10 19 /cm 3 . While the temperature dependence of linewidth decreases for heavier doping, EPR linewidth is still a sensitive thermometer. We define a figure of merit for SNR for thermometry from EPR linewidths of n-type Si and observe that increasing the doping results in a better SNR for thermometry. Using effective medium theory, we show that EPR linewidth can be a sensitive thermometer for application in 3D thermometry with systems embedding microparticles of heavily doped n-type Si. peak linewidth p-p ) represents the full-width at half-maximum of the absorption spectra. (a) shows a Dysonian lineshape as the particle size (300 µ m thick wafer is smaller than the microwave penetration depth (~ 20 µ m at 9.4 GHz). (b) shows the Dysonian effect is removed after ball-milling but ball-milling results in paramagnetic surface states that appear in the EPR spectra. (c) shows that annealing the sample at 800 °C removes the paramagnetic surface states.
Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Granisetron in Albino Mice

Depression is one of the highly prevalent and disabling conditions associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The present study was performed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of granisetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist in rodent models of depression such as forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Freshly prepared solution of granisetron (0.5mg/kg) were administered orally to mice for 14 days, and the experiments were conducted on day 1 and day 14. There was a statistically significant (P <0.05) reduction in the duration of immobility in FST on both acute (day 01) and chronic (day 14) treatment with granisetron compared to control as well as amitriptyline treated groups. However, in TST there was significant reduction in immobility in animals treated with granisetron compared to the control group only. Hence, the present study showed that graniosetron has antidepressant like action, which may be because of its antagonism at the 5-HT3 receptor site and that it may be used as an alternative for the treatment of depression.
Analysis of Wind-Induced Acceleration and Pressure Data from an Eight-Hundred-Foot Building

by Devin A. Brown Full-scale monitoring of structures is extremely important for better understanding their behavior under environmental loads. Structural properties, e.g., natural frequencies and damping of structures, as-built, can be determined from measured response time histories using system identification techniques. Measurements made at different amplitudes of motion also help in capturing the variations in both frequency and damping parameters with response level. This thesis examined acceleration data from an 800-ft building in Boston to identify the in-situ dynamic properties of the structure. The frequency and damping estimates were compared using spectral and random decrement techniques. The influence of limited data available for this study and the inherent biases associated with these techniques were discussed. The close coupling of the sway and torsion modes and the manifested beating phenomenon were peculiar characteristics of this structure that add to the difficulty in the estimation of damping. This thesis also examined full-scale surface pressure data measured on this building. The data was statistically analyzed to gain better understanding of the action of wind on bluff structures with separated flow regions.
Comunication-Efficient Algorithms for Statistical Optimization

We analyze two communication-efficient algorithms for distributed statistical optimization on large-scale data sets. The first algorithm is a standard averaging method that distributes the $N$ data samples evenly to $\nummac$ machines, performs separate minimization on each subset, and then averages the estimates. We provide a sharp analysis of this average mixture algorithm, showing that under a reasonable set of conditions, the combined parameter achieves mean-squared error that decays as $\order(N^{-1}+(N/m)^{-2})$. Whenever $m \le \sqrt{N}$, this guarantee matches the best possible rate achievable by a centralized algorithm having access to all $\totalnumobs$ samples. The second algorithm is a novel method, based on an appropriate form of bootstrap subsampling. Requiring only a single round of communication, it has mean-squared error that decays as $\order(N^{-1} + (N/m)^{-3})$, and so is more robust to the amount of parallelization. In addition, we show that a stochastic gradient-based method attains mean-squared error decaying as $O(N^{-1} + (N/ m)^{-3/2})$, easing computation at the expense of penalties in the rate of convergence. We also provide experimental evaluation of our methods, investigating their performance both on simulated data and on a large-scale regression problem from the internet search domain. In particular, we show that our methods can be used to efficiently solve an advertisement prediction problem from the Chinese SoSo Search Engine, which involves logistic regression with $N \approx 2.4 \times 10^8$ samples and $d \approx 740,000$ covariates.
Dynamic Assignment of Multi-UAV Marine Search and Rescue Missions Under the Condition of Intelligence Support

In recent years, the problem of multi-UAV task assignment has been widely studied and is generally considered to be NP-hard. The solution model of this problem consists of an objective function and constraints. For the objective function, the current mainstream research direction is to aim at the shortest execution time or the highest mission execution gain, while the constraints need to be based on specific practical problems. In actual scenarios, the multi-unmanned task allocation research model often ignores the dynamic properties of the target due to the fast speed of the UAV during the construction process. It leads to the problem of uneven resource allocation that does not fit the actual situation of the battlefield. In this paper, considering that most of the search and rescue targets are dynamic targets, we give the distribution areas for targets with known and uncertain headings. And build a dynamic assignment model for multi-UAV marine search and rescue missions under the condition of intelligence support. Finally, the traditional genetic algorithm and distributed NSGA-III algorithm are used to solve the problem to prove the validity of the model. The experimental results show that the proposed methods can effectively solve the problem of dynamic assignment of multi-UAV tasks, and provide feasible ideas and technical support for how to deal with dynamic targets in the problem of multi-UAV task assignment.
Design and testing of WREX

A passive gravity-balanced, 4 DoF arm orthosis was built for children with arm weakness such as in muscular dystrophy. The orthosis is identically gravity balanced in 3D with linear elastic elements. The orthosis has an exoskeletal configuration and is attached to the back of a wheelchair. Algorithms that yield an improved gravity-balancing scheme are derived and a new mechanical structure of the arm presented. Our experience with user trials is presented along with early results using the Jebsen test of hand function and other subjective user feedback.
Physical Therapists ’ Nonverbal Communication Predicts Geriatric Patients ’ Health Outcomes

Two studies explored the link between health care providers’ patterns of nonverbal communication and therapeutic efficacy. In Study 1, physical therapists were videotaped during a session with a client. Brief samples of therapists’ nonverbal behavior were rated by naive judges. Judges’ ratings were then correlated with clients’ physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning at admission, at discharge, and at 3 months following discharge. Therapists’ distancing behavior was strongly correlated with shortand long-term decreases in their clients’ physical and cognitive functioning. Distancing was expressed through a pattern of not smiling and looking away from the client. In contrast, facial expressiveness, as revealed through smiling, nodding, and frowning, was associated with shortand long-term improvements in functioning. In Study 2, elderly subjects perceived distancing behaviors of therapists more negatively than positive behaviors.
Part Load Vortex Rope as a Global Unstable Mode

Renewable energy sources (RES) have reached 23.7% of the worldwide electrical generation production in 2015. The hydraulic energy contribution amounts to 16.6% and comes mainly form large-scale hydropower plants, where Francis turbines represents 60% of the generating units. However, the future massive development of RES will require more advanced grid regulation strategies that may be achieved by increasing the operation flexibility of the Francis generating units. Part load operating condition of these turbines is hindered by pressure fluctuations in the draft tube of the machine. A precessing helical vortex rope develops in this condition, which imperils the mechanical structure and limits the operation flexibility of these turbines. A thorough description of the physical mechanism leading to the vortex rope is a prerequisite to develop relevant flow control strategies. This work, based on a linear global stability analysis of the time-averaged flow field, including a turbulent eddy viscosity, interprets the vortex rope as a global unstable eigenmode. In close resemblance to spiral vortex breakdown, a single-helix disturbance develops around the time-averaged flow field and growths in time to finally form the vortex rope. The frequency and the structure of this unstable linear disturbance are found in good agreement with respect to the three-dimensional (3D) numerical flow simulations.
EEG-Fest: Few-shot based Attention Network for Driver's Vigilance Estimation with EEG Signals

– A lack of driver’s vigilance is the main cause of most vehicle crashes. Electroencephalography(EEG) has been reliable and efﬁcient tool for drivers’ drowsiness estimation. Even though previous studies have developed accurate and robust driver’s vigilance detection algorithms, these methods are still facing challenges on following areas: (a) small sample size training, (b) anomaly signal detection, and (c) subject-independent classiﬁcation. In this paper, we propose a generalized few-shot model, namely EEG-Fest, to improve aforementioned drawbacks. The EEG-Fest model can (a) classify the query sample’s drowsiness with a few samples, (b) identify whether a query sample is anomaly signals or not, and (c) achieve subject independent classiﬁcation. The proposed algorithm achieves state-of-the-art results on the SEED-VIG dataset and the SADT dataset. The accuracy of the drowsy class achieves 92% and 94% for 1-shot and 5-shot support samples in the SEED-VIG dataset, and 62% and 78% for 1-shot and 5-shot support samples in the SADT dataset.
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Despite the abundant data on brain networks processing static social signals, such as pictures of faces, the neural systems supporting social perception in naturalistic conditions are still poorly understood. Here we delineated brain networks subserving social perception under naturalistic conditions in 19 healthy humans who watched, during 3-T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a set of 137 short (approximately 16 s each, total 27 min) audiovisual movie clips depicting pre-selected social signals. Two independent raters estimated how well each clip represented eight social features (faces, human bodies, biological motion, goal-oriented actions, emotion, social interaction, pain, and speech) and six ﬁller features (places, objects, rigid motion, people not in social interaction, non-goal-oriented action, and non-human sounds) lacking social content. These ratings were used as predictors in the fMRI analysis. The posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) responded to all social features but not to any non-social features, and the anterior STS responded to all social features except bodies and biological motion. We also found four partially segregated, extended networks for processing of speciﬁc social signals: (1) a fronto-temporal network responding to multiple social categories, (2) a fronto-parietal network preferentially activated to bodies, motion, and pain, (3) a temporo-amygdalar network responding to faces, social interaction, and speech, and (4) a fronto-insular network responding to pain, emotions, social interactions, and speech. Our results highlight the role of the pSTS in processing multiple aspects of social information, as well as the feasibility and efﬁciency of fMRI mapping under conditions that resemble the complexity of real life.
On the local C 1, α solution of ideal magneto-hydrodynamical equations

This paper is devoted to the study of the two-dimensional andthree-dimensional ideal incompressible magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD)equations in which the Faraday law is inviscid. We consider thelocal existence and uniqueness of classical solutions for the MHDsystem in Holder space when the general initial data belongs to \begin{document}$C^{1,α}(\mathbb{R}^n)$\end{document} for \begin{document}$n=2$\end{document} and \begin{document}$n=3$\end{document} .
The National Cancer Data Base report on prostate carcinoma after the peak in incidence rates in the U.S. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society.

BACKGROUND Prostate carcinoma incidence has been declining since 1992 after a period of marked increase. Recent data from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) were examined to assess changes in prostate carcinoma patient characteristics and disease and treatment patterns coincidental to this decline. The NCDB is a program of the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society that collects timely data from institutions representing every level of cancer care. METHODS Data from 1114 hospitals regarding 103,979 patients diagnosed with prostate carcinoma in 1992 and from 1144 hospitals regarding 72,337 patients diagnosed in 1995 were studied. Patient and disease characteristics studied included age, race, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, and tumor histologic grade. Trends in treatment and variations in treatment by region also were examined. RESULTS The average age at diagnosis declined by 2 years over the period studied and the proportion of patients identified as African-American increased from 8.8% to 11.8%. The proportion of patients diagnosed with localized disease and the proportion of tumors of moderately differentiated histologic grade increased. The overall proportion of patients treated by radical prostatectomy increased and the use of external beam radiation treatment decreased. Substantial regional variation in treatment patterns was observed. The Pacific and Mountain state regions of the U. S. had the highest proportions of patients treated by radical prostatectomy although increases were occurring in other regions. Use of external beam radiation treatment was highest in the Northeast and Southeast states and was declining in the majority of regions. Use of brachytherapy radiation treatment by implantation of radioactive seeds was infrequent but increasing. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of the basic characteristics of prostate carcinoma data from 1992 and 1995 shows that patients are being diagnosed at younger ages and earlier stages, the proportion of African-Americans has increased, and more patients are being treated for cure. Regional differences in patterns of care persist but may be moderating. The annual prostate carcinoma death rate in the U.S. has declined an average of 1% per year since 1990.
Lessons learned from nanoscale specimens tested by MEMS-based apparatus

The last two decades were marked by the innovative synthesis of nanomaterials and devices. The success of these devices hinges on the mechanical properties of nanomaterials and an understanding of their deformation and failure mechanisms. Many novel testing techniques have been developed to test materials at small scale. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) apparatus developed to characterize materials at nanoscale, and the key insights gained on structure-property relations of materials through these characterizations. Finally, new applications of MEMS in testing living materials, such as tissues and cells, for disease diagnosis and prognosis are discussed.
Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para valorar las preferencias y satisfacciones en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto

The objective of the present study was to design and validate a valid and reliable instrument for measuring various aspects of youth basketball players at different stages: a) the level of athletic enjoyment and diversion of various game situations, technical and tactical actions, means for basic team tactics, types of offense and defense, rule modifications and game phases both in practice sessions as well as in games; and b) the perception of the players of their coaches' demands in game phases and in certain technical and tactical actions. First, a validation of the content was done though the agreement and consensus of twelve expert judges. Secondly, 33 under-16 basketball players filled out a questionnaire and after a week, they filled it out again. The reliability was calculated through the application of a test-retest. The results indicated that the questionnaire about the satisfaction and preferences of youth basketball players has optimal levels of reliability and validity, while registering the level of satisfaction, athletic enjoyment and diversion in athletic practice of youth basketball players in formative stages.
Approche empirique de la pêcherie d'espadon (xiphias gladius) dans l'océan indien et modèlisation des déplacements des poissons dans le paysage océanique tropical

La peche palangriere s'est developpee a l'ile de La Reunion depuis le debut des annees 1990. L'espece cible est l'espadon (Xiphias gladius), principalement exploite dans les eaux tropicales autour de l'ile entre les longitudes 45 degree E et 60 degree E, et les latitudes 17 degree S et 27 degree S. De 1998 a 2000, un programme de recherche finalisee a permis de collecter des informations precises concernant les positions des lignes et les parametres de l'effort de peche : 3602 filages sont ainsi renseignes par les captures (en nombre d'individus captures) et 12 variables descriptives de l'effort. En parallele de cet effort de collecte, des cartes satellitales ont pu etre mises a la disposition des marins et des scientifiques, decrivant le paysage oceanique de cette region de l'ocean Indien exploitee par la pecherie reunionnaise. Des extractions de ces variables environnementales ont ete effectuees aux positions des lignes de peche, nous permettant de proposer 20 variables descriptives des conditions environnementales de captures d'espadon appliquees aux filages. Dans une premiere partie de ce travail, apres une analyse descriptive et une premiere selection des variables, on a modelise par plusieurs modeles GAM (Generalized Additive Models) les effets respectifs des variables d'effort et des variables environnementales sur la variabilite des captures d'espadon. On a ainsi mis en evidence la predominance des facteurs lies aux pecheurs (effort de peche) sur les facteurs oceanographiques dans le caractere explicatif de cette variabilite. A la suite de ces resultats, une synthese sur la biologie et l'ecologie de l'espadon a ete proposee afin de degager des hypotheses sur les caracteristiques de la population de cette espece dans l'ocean Indien. Les aspects lies au comportement individuel et aux deplacements de la population ont ete particulierement mis en evidence.
Explicit nonstandard finite difference discretisation of FitzHugh-Nagumo equations

In this work, we consider numerical solutions of the FitzHugh-Nagumo reaction diffusion system of equations describing the propagation of electrical signals in nerve axons. The system consists of two coupled equations: a nonlinear partial differential equation and a linear ordinary differential equation. We begin with a review of the qualitative properties of the system and the sub equations. This is followed by a systematic derivation of three explicit nonstandard finite difference schemes in the limit of fast extinction and slow recovery. A qualitative study of the schemes together with the error analysis is presented. Numerical simulations are given to support the theoretical results and verify the efficiency of the proposed schemes.
A Primer on Estimating Regularized Psychological Networks

Recent years have seen an emergence of network modeling for psychological behaviors, moods and attitudes. In this framework, psychological variables are understood to directly interact with each another rather than being caused by an unobserved latent entity. Here we introduce the reader to the most popularly used network model for estimating such psychological networks: the partial correlation network. We describe how regularization techniques can be used to efficiently estimate a parsimonious and interpretable network structure on cross-sectional psychological data. We demonstrate the method in an empirical example on post-traumatic stress disorder data, showing the effect of the hyperparameter that needs to be manually set by the researcher. In addition, we list several common problems and questions arising in the estimation of regularized partial correlation networks.