Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
' s personal copy A viewpoint-independent process for spatial reorientation

Reorientation tasks, in which disoriented participants attempt to relocate objects using different visual cues, have previously been understood to depend on representing aspects of the global organisation of the space, for example its major axis for judgements based on geometry. Careful analysis of the visual information available for these tasks shows that successful performance could be based on the much simpler process of storing a visual ‘snapshot’ at the target location, and subsequently moving in order to match it. We tested 4–8-year olds on a new spatial reorientation task that could not be solved based on information directly contained in any retinal projection that they had been exposed to, but required participants to infer how the space is structured. Only 6–8-year olds showed flexible recall from novel viewpoints. Five-year olds were able to recall locations given movement information or a unique proximal landmark, but without these they could not do so, even when they were not disoriented or when the landmark was a familiar object. These results indicate that early developing spatial abilities based on view matching and self motion are supplemented by a later-developing process that takes into account the structure of spatial layouts and so enables flexible recall from arbitrary viewpoints. Ó 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Erectile dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease.

CONTEXT The risk factors for cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction are similar. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of erectile dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Men aged 55 years or older who were randomized to the placebo group (n = 9457) in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial at 221 US centers were evaluated every 3 months for cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction between 1994 and 2003. Proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association of erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. In an adjusted model, covariates included age, body mass index, blood pressure, serum lipids, diabetes, family history of myocardial infarction, race, smoking history, physical activity, and quality of life. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Of the 9457 men randomized to placebo, 8063 (85%) had no cardiovascular disease at study entry; of these men, 3816 (47%) had erectile dysfunction at study entry. Among the 4247 men without erectile dysfunction at study entry, 2420 men (57%) reported incident erectile dysfunction after 5 years. After adjustment, incident erectile dysfunction was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.53; P = .04) for subsequent cardiovascular events during study follow-up. For men with either incident or prevalent erectile dysfunction, the hazard ratio was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.25-1.69; P<.001). For subsequent cardiovascular events, the unadjusted risk of an incident cardiovascular event was 0.015 per person-year among men without erectile dysfunction at study entry and was 0.024 per person-year for men with erectile dysfunction at study entry. This association was in the range of risk associated with current smoking or a family history of myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Erectile dysfunction is a harbinger of cardiovascular clinical events in some men. Erectile dysfunction should prompt investigation and intervention for cardiovascular risk factors.
Playing queer : Affordances for sexuality in Fable and Dragon Age

This article adopts the lens of queer theory to examine the terms of inclusion of non-heterosexual identities within recent mass market role-playing games. Focusing on Lionhead Studios’ Fable and BioWare’s Dragon Age series, I suggest how the intersection of queer theory’s resistance of presumptive categories for sexuality and theories of game design – notably the concept of affordances – may provide for a critique of the performative constraints through which gamers are able to ‘play queer’. While even-handed dynamics of relationship game play may espouse a liberal rhetoric of inclusion, I propose that a predominant logic of sameness – grounded in an even-handed ‘blindness’ to sexual difference – may also restrict the possibilities for queer identification.
In Addition to SEC11, a Newly Identified Gene,SPC3, Is Essential for Signal Peptidase Activity in the Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum*

Among the three characterized subunits comprising the signal peptidase complex of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sec11p, Spc1p, and Spc2p), only Sec11p is essential for cell growth, signal peptide cleavage, and signal peptidase-dependent protein degradation. Here we report the cloning of the SPC3 gene encoding the homolog to mammalian signal peptidase subunit SPC22/23. We find that Spc3p is also required for cell growth and signal peptidase activity within the yeast endoplasmic reticulum.
Identification of two lysosomal membrane glycoproteins

Two murine lysosome-associated membrane proteins, LAMP-1 of 105,000- 115,000 D and LAMP-2 of 100,000-110,000 D, have been identified by monoclonal antibodies that bind specifically to lysosomal membranes. Both glycoproteins were distinguished as integral membrane components solubilized by detergent solutions but not by various chaotropic agents. The lysosome localization was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent staining, co-localization of the antigen to sites of acridine orange uptake, and immunoelectron microscopy. Antibody binding was predominantly located at the limiting lysosomal membrane, distinctly separated from colloidal gold-labeled alpha-2-macroglobulin accumulated in the lumen during prolonged incubation. LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 also appeared to be present in low concentrations on Golgi trans- elements but were not detected in receptosomes marked by the presence of newly endocytosed alpha-2-macroglobulin, or in other cellular structures. LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 were distinguished as different molecules by two-dimensional gel analysis, 125I-tryptic peptide mapping, and sequential immunoprecipitations of 125I-labeled cell extracts. Both glycoproteins were synthesized as a precursor protein of approximately 90,000 D, and showed a marked heterogeneity of apparent molecular weight expression in different cell lines. LAMP-2 was closely related or identical to the macrophage antigen, MAC-3, as indicated by antibody adsorption and tryptic peptide mapping. It is postulated that these glycoproteins, as major protein constituents of the lysosomal membrane, have important roles in lysosomal structure and function.
The Fast and the Numerous - Combining Machine and Community Intelligence for Semantic Annotation

Starting from the observation that certain communities have incentive mechanisms in place to create large amounts of unstructured content, we propose in this paper an original model which we expect to lead to the large number of annotations required to semantically enrich Web content at a large scale. The novelty of our model lies in the combination of two key ingredients: the e ort that online communities are making to create content and the capability of machines to detect regular patterns in user annotation to suggest new annotations. Provided that the creation of semantic content is made easy enough and incentives are in place, we can assume that these communities will be willing to provide annotations. However, as human resources are clearly limited, we aim at integrating algorithmic support into our model to bootstrap on existing annotations and learn patterns to be used for suggesting new annotations. As the automatically extracted information needs to be validated, our model presents the extracted knowledge to the user in the form of questions, thus allowing for the validation of the information. In this paper, we describe the requirements on our model, its concrete implementation based on Semantic MediaWiki and an information extraction system and discuss lessons learned from practical experience with real users. These experiences allow us to conclude that our model is a promising approach towards leveraging semantic annotation.
Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation: detection using expiratory HRCT.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if air trapping, as detected on expiratory high-resolution CT (HRCT), is useful as an indicator of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in lung transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Corresponding inspiratory and expiratory HRCT images at five different levels and spirometry were obtained in 21 lung transplant recipients. Eleven patients had BO proved by transbronchial biopsy specimens; the remaining 10 patients had no pathologic or functional evidence of airways disease. Two "blinded" observers assessed the inspiratory images for the presence of bronchiectasis and mosaic pattern of lung attenuation, and the expiratory images for presence and extent of air trapping. Statistical comparison of the frequency of HRCT findings between patients with and without BO was performed using Fisher's Exact Test. RESULTS On inspiratory images, bronchiectasis and mosaic pattern of lung attenuation were present in 4 (36%) and 7 (64%) of 11 patients with BO, and 2 (20%) and 1 (10%) of 10 patients without BO (p>0.05 and p<0.05), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of bronchiectasis and mosaic pattern for BO were 36%, 80%, and 57%, and 64%, 90%, and 70%, respectively. On expiratory images, air trapping was found in 10 of 11 (91%) patients with BO compared to 2 of 10 (20%) patients without BO (p<0.002). Air trapping was found to have a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 86% for BO. Air trapping was identified in one patient with BO who had normal results of baseline spirometric function tests. CONCLUSION Air trapping, as detected on expiratory HRCT, was the most sensitive and accurate radiologic indicator of BO in the lung transplant population.
Ice Slurry Ingestion Leads to a Lower Net Heat Loss during Exercise in the Heat.

PURPOSE To compare the reductions in evaporative heat loss from the skin (Esk) to internal heat loss (Hfluid) induced by ice slurry (ICE) ingestion relative to 37 °C fluid and the accompanying body temperature and local thermoeffector responses during exercise in warm, dry conditions (33.5 °C ± 1.4 °C; 23.7% ± 2.6% relative humidity [RH]). METHODS Nine men cycled at approximately 55% VO2peak for 75 min and ingested 3.2 mL · kg(-1) aliquots of 37 °C fluid or ICE after 15, 30, and 45 min of exercise. Metabolic heat production (M-W), rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk), whole-body sweat loss (WBSL), local sweat rate (LSR), and skin blood flow (SkBF) were measured throughout. Net heat loss (HLnet) and heat storage (S) were estimated using partitional calorimetry. RESULTS Relative to the 37 °C trial, M-W was similar (P = 0.81) with ICE ingestion; however, the 200 ± 20 kJ greater Hfluid (P < 0.001) with ICE ingestion was overcompensated by a 381 ± 199-kJ lower Esk (P < 0.001). Net heat loss (HLnet) was consequently 131 ± 120 kJ lower (P = 0.01) and S was greater (P = 0.05) with ICE ingestion compared with 37 °C fluid ingestion. Concurrently, LSR and WBSL were lower by 0.16 ± 0.14 mg · min(-1) · cm(-2) (P < 0.01) and 191 ± 122 g (P < 0.001), respectively, and SkBF tended to be lower (P = 0.06) by 5.4%maxAU ± 13.4%maxAU in the ICE trial. Changes in Tre and Tsk were similar throughout exercise with ICE compared to 37 °C fluid ingestion. CONCLUSIONS Relative to 37 °C, ICE ingestion caused disproportionately greater reductions in Esk relative to Hfluid, resulting in a lower HLnet and greater S. Mechanistically, LSR and possibly SkBF were suppressed independently of Tre or Tsk, reaffirming the concept of human abdominal thermoreception. From a heat balance perspective, recommendations for ICE ingestion during exercise in warm, dry conditions should be reconsidered.
Kupffer cell stimulation in the isolated perfused rat liver triggers nuclear factor-κB DNA binding activity

Abstract Activation of transcription factor NF-κB (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) was investigated in the isolated perfused rat liver infused with 0.5 mg of colloidal carbon/ml for 5-20 min, in relation to carbon phagocytosis and carbon-induced O2 consumption. Experiments were carried out in control rats and in animals treated with the Kupffer cell inactivator gadolinium chloride (GdCl3). Carbon uptake and carbon-induced O2 consumption by perfused livers exhibited a linear increase as a function of the perfusion time, leading to constant O2/carbon uptake ratios, with low (0.04-0.15%) fractional sinusoidal lactate dehydrogenase release in the 5-20 min perfusion time studied. NF-κB DNA binding activity showed a maximal enhancement at 10 min of carbon perfusion, a response that was sustained at a lower extent at 15 and 20 min of carbon stimulation. After 10 min of carbon infusion, NF-κB activation, carbon-induced O2 consumption, and carbon uptake were diminished by 84%, 94%, and 64% by GdCl3 treatment (P < 0.05), respectively. It is concluded that the respiratory burst of carbon-stimulated Kupffer cells triggers NF-κB activation in the isolated perfused liver, a response that is elicited under optimal conditions of Kupffer cell function and organ viability.
On curriculum change: the developing role of preschool heads in Hong Kong

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the significance of, difficulties with, and issues driving the change process of curriculum innovations as well as the roles of leadership both in formal and informal structures that could facilitate the process in Hong Kong preschools.Design/methodology/approach – With the aid of an illustrative case study, this paper discusses the implementation of a new assessment system in a local preschool and its complexity of the management of change process.Findings – This paper illustrates the problems of technical and quick‐fix approach to change that disregards the political and cultural variables existing within the school environment. If the approach for change focuses only on the “know‐how” aspect of the new assessment system, it is likely that only some superficial changes would be made and the new practices would hardly be institutionalized as an on‐going part of the school system.Originality/value – Minimal research on management and leadership in preschools has been c.
Drinking motives, sensation seeking, and alcohol use among Thai high school students

We assessed drinking motives and sensation seeking in relation to alcohol use in a sample of 634 Thai high school students. Results indicate that 55.8% had never used alcohol, and of the lifetime users, 33.5% were current (past month) alcohol users and 26.5% drink until they get drunk. Coping and social motives were positive predictors for drinking frequency, and coping motives were a predictor for hazardous (drinking to get drunk) drinking. Sensation seeking was associated with drinking frequency and hazardous drinking. Within the different sensation seeking components, disinhibition was the strongest predictor for drinking frequency, followed by experience seeking and boredom susceptibility. Boredom susceptibility was the strongest predictor for hazardous drinking. Coping, social motives, and sensation seeking should be taken into account when designing alcohol use prevention strategies for Thai adolescents.
Circulating tumour cells predict survival in gastric cancer patients: a meta-analysis

Aim of the study The prognostic value of the detection of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in gastric cancer has been studied intensely in recent years. However, the application of different technologies led to inconsistent results between the studies. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of published studies to summarise the evidence. Material and methods Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched up to March 2013 using “circulating tumor cells” and “gastric cancer” as search terms. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prognostic outcomes and clinical characteristics were extracted from each study. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated using random or fixed-effects models. Results Twelve studies enrolling 774 patients were included. The combined HR estimate for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.28–1.62), 2.99 (95% CI: 2.01–4.45) and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.02–2.62), respectively. Subgroup analysis concerning detection methods and sampling time showed that results of RT-PCR for the OS group and RT-PCR for the DFS group suggest a prognostic significance of CTC detection (pooled HR [95% CI]: 1.45 [1.28–1.65], I2 = 38%, p = 0.13; 2.99 [2.01–4.45], I2 = 0%, p = 0.32). In addition, results of the baseline CTC detection group also indicated a significant prognostic value to predict OS and DFS (pooled HR [95% CI]: 1.47 [1.19–1.82], I2 = 38%, p = 0.14; 2.99 [2.01–4.45], I2 = 0%, p = 0.32). We simultaneously found that the detection of CTCs correlated with pathological stage (pooled OR [95% CI]: 2.95 [1.65–5.28], I2 = 56%, p = 0.03), lymph node status (pooled OR [95% CI]: 2.26 [1.50–3.41], I2 = 37%, p = 0.09), the depth of invasion (pooled OR [95% CI]: 3.21 [1.38–7.43], I2 = 72%, p = 0.002), and distant metastasis (pooled OR [95% CI]: 2.68 [1.25–5.73], I2 = 43%, p = 0.15). Conclusions Detection of CTCs is associated with poorer prognosis in gastric cancer patients.
Self‐Identity and the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Useful Addition or an Unhelpful Artifice?1

Among the variables proposed as useful additions to the structure of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), there is evidence for the predictive usefulness of a measure of self-identity. In the study reported here, members of the general population in the United Kingdom (n = 235) completed a questionnaire addressing the consumption of a diet low in animal fats. The questionnaire was structured in terms of the TPB and contained additional variables that previous research has indicated to be useful predictors of intentions and behavior. A multiple regression of intentions (R-2 = .80) showed self-identification as a health-conscious consumer to have a predictive effect independent of the effects of these other variables. This effect was also found in replication studies.
Combining resources with confidence measures for cross language information retrieval

Query translation in Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) can be performed using multiple resources. Previous attempts to combine different translation resources use simple methods such as linear combination. Unfortunately, these approaches are insufficient to combine different types of resources such as bilingual dictionaries and statistical translation models. In this paper, we use confidence measures for this combination for the purpose of English-Arabic CLIR. Confidence measure is used to adjust the original scores of translations and to create a weight of the same nature for translations with different resources. We tested this technique on two test CLIR collections from TREC and obtained encouraging improvements compared to the results of linear combination.
Automatic Generation of the Universal Word Explanation from UNL Ontology

To develop a common language, it is essential to have enough vocabulary to express all the concepts contained in all the world languages. Those vocabularies can only be developed by native speakers and should be defined by formal ways. Considering the situation, at this moment Universal Networking Language (UNL) is the best solution as the common language, and Universal Words (UWs) are the most promising candidates to represent all the world concepts in different languages. However, UWs itself are formal and not always to be understandable for human. To ensure every language speakers can create the correct UWs dictionary entry, we need to provide the explanation of UWs in different natural languages for humans. As there are millions of UWs, it is very expensive to manually build the UWs explanation in all natural languages. To solve this problem, this research proposes the way to auto generate the UWs explanation in UNL, using the property inheritance based on UW System. Using UNL DeConverter from that UNL the system can generate the explanation in more than 40 languages.
Periodic Ciphers with Small Blocks and Cryptanalysis of KeeLoq

ABSTRACT. KeeLoq is a lightweight block cipher that is massively used in theautomobile industry [12, 13, 31, 32]. KeeLoq has two remarkable properties: itis periodic and has a very short block size (32 bits). Many diﬁerent attacks onKeeLoq have been published in recent years [8, 15, 9, 10, 5]. In this paper we studya unique way of attacking KeeLoq, in which the periodic property of KeeLoq isused in to distinguish 512 rounds of KeeLoq from a random permutation. Ourattacks require the knowledge of the entire code-book and are not among thefastest attacks known on this cipher. However one of them works for 100 % ofall keys, including so called \strong keys", see [15]. In general, it is important toshow how many diﬁerent attacks are possible on a weak cipher such as KeeLoq. 1. Introduction KeeLoq was designed in the 1980’s by Willem Smit from South Africa [36]. It is a block cipher used in wireless devices that unlock the doors of cars manu-factured by Chrysler, Daewoo, Fiat, GM, Honda, Jaguar, Toyota, Volvo, Volk-swagen, etc.[12, 13, 31, 32]. In 1995 KeeLoq was sold to Microchip TechnologyInc. for more than 10 million US dollars (which is documented in [12]). FollowingMicrochip, [33], the speciﬂcation of KeeLoq is \not secret" but is patented andwas released only under license. The question whether one can really break intocars, and how, is a secondary one in a scientiﬂc paper. The main question iswhat ciphers could be broken, how, due to what properties, and how to designbetter ciphers.KeeLoq operates with 32-bit blocks and 64-bit keys. Compared to the typ-ical block ciphers which have a few carefully-designed rounds, this cipher has528 extremely simple rounds with extremely few intermediate variables (in ourformulation one per round). Also, only one bit of the state is modiﬂed in eachround. As a result, KeeLoq can be implemented very e–ciently in hardware.
Health programs in faith-based organizations: are they effective?

OBJECTIVES We examined the published literature on health programs in faith-based organizations to determine the effectiveness of these programs. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review of articles describing faith-based health activities. Articles (n = 386) were screened for eligibility (n = 105), whether a faith-based health program was described (n = 53), and whether program effects were reported (28). RESULTS Most programs focused on primary prevention (50.9%), general health maintenance (25.5%), cardiovascular health (20.7%), or cancer (18.9%). Significant effects reported included reductions in cholesterol and blood pressure levels, weight, and disease symptoms and increases in the use of mammography and breast self-examination. CONCLUSIONS Faith-based programs can improve health outcomes. Means are needed for increasing the frequency with which such programs are evaluated and the results of these evaluations are disseminated.