Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Development or Economic Development: The Dilemma Behind an Ambitious Infrastructure Development

Abstract The construction of the One Belt One Road (OBOR) infrastructure is a reasonably ambitious development. However, at the same time, there are several dilemmas faced by the Indonesian government. This research will examine the potential and obstacles to the ambitious OBOR infrastructure development in Indonesia. This research will be carried out using a qualitative approach. The data used in this study comes from previous research and studies that still have the same discussion as this research. This study found that OBOR infrastructure development can potentially increase the connectivity of waters in Indonesian territory. This will lead to an even social and economic development distribution throughout Indonesia. However, at the same time, several dilemmas need to be faced by the Indonesian government in building OBOR infrastructure. Keywords: One Belt One Road (OBOR), Development, Infrastructure. Abstrak Pembangunan infrastruktur One Belt One Road (OBOR) merupakan pembangunan yang cukup ambisius. Namun, pada saat yang sama, ada beberapa dilema yang dihadapi pemerintah Indonesia. Riset ini akan mengkaji potensi dan hambatan pembangunan infrastruktur OBOR yang ambisius di Indonesia. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari penelitian sebelumnya dan penelitian yang masih memiliki pembahasan yang sama dengan penelitian ini. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa pembangunan infrastruktur OBOR berpotensi meningkatkan konektivitas perairan di wilayah Indonesia. Hal ini akan mengarah pada pemerataan pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi di seluruh Indonesia. Namun, pada saat yang sama, beberapa dilema perlu dihadapi pemerintah Indonesia dalam membangun infrastruktur OBOR. Kata kunci: One Belt One Road (OBOR), Pembangunan, Infrastruktur.
Microscopic mechanics of fiber networks

We report simulations of two‐dimensional fiber networks of random geometry. The stress distribution along a fiber agrees with the mean‐field Cox prediction, but the stress transfer factor is determined by the properties of the whole fiber and not by just the local segment stiffness as suggested by micromechanical models. This leads to a linear density dependence of the Young’s modulus of a network. The initial loss of stiffness at small strain can be explained with an exponential frequency distribution of microscopic stresses, and the asymptotic stiffness at large external strain agrees with mean‐field predictions. The simulated behavior is independent of the microscopic fracture mechanism in both regions.
Experimental study of incompressible Richtmyer–Meshkov instability

The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability of a two‐liquid system is investigated experimentally. These experiments utilize a novel technique that circumvents many of the experimental difficulties that have previously limited the study of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. The instability is generated by vertically accelerating a tank containing two stratified liquids by bouncing it off of a fixed coil spring. A controlled two‐dimensional sinusoidal initial shape is given to the interface by oscillating the container in the horizontal direction to produce standing waves. The motion of the interface is recorded during the experiments using standard video photography. Instability growth rates are measured and compared with existing linear theory. Disagreement between measured growth rates and the theory are accredited to the finite bounce length. When the linear stability theory is modified to account for an acceleration pulse of finite duration, much better agreement is attained. Late time growth curves of many differe.
Reliability and validity of the Hindi version of international physical activity questionnaire-long-form (IPAQ-LF)

Background: IPAQ-LF is a widely used tool for subjective assessment of physical activity. It has been translated, cross-culturally adapted into many languages and tested in many countries around the world. However, no Hindi version of the long-form of this questionnaire exists till date. Objective: To cross-culturally adapt the IPAQ-LF from English to Hindi language and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: The guidelines by IPAQ Committee were followed for cross-cultural adaptation process. The Test–retest reliability was assessed on 60 participants by administering Hindi IPAQ-LF twice within two-week time frame. The construct validity was assessed by comparing with seven-day pedometer recording. Results: Excellent reliability was observed between total physical activity scores on repeated Hindi IPAQ-LF administrations, with interclass correlation coefficient of 0.963 at 95% confidence interval. The ICC for job, transport, Housework and Leisure domain was calculated to be 0.923, 0.839, 0.862 and 0.939, respectively, suggesting excellent reliability. The Cronbach’s alpha computed (0.82) suggests good internal consistency. The Hindi Version of IPAQ-LF also demonstrated good construct validity with Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.783. Bland–Altman analyses were performed to evaluate the level of agreement between two constructs. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that Hindi version of IPAQ-LF is a reliable and valid tool for assessing physical activity levels for Hindi speaking population.
ℒ︁2‐Stabilization of continuous‐time linear systems with saturating actuators

This paper addresses the problem of controlling a linear system subject to actuator saturations and to ℒ︁2‐bounded disturbances. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions are proposed to design a state feedback gain in order to satisfy the closed‐loop input‐to‐state stability (ISS) and the closed‐loop finite gain ℒ︁2 stability. By considering a quadratic candidate Lyapunov function, two particular tools are used to derive the LMI conditions: a modified sector condition, which encompasses the classical sector‐nonlinearity condition considered in some previous works, and Finsler's Lemma, which allows to derive stabilization conditions which are adapted to treat multiple objective control optimization problems in a potentially less conservative framework. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical fabrication of buried folded microchannels into silicon substrates

In this work an original process for buried folded silicon microchannel fabrication is reported. Electrochemical micromachining is exploited to etch high aspect ratio meander‐shaped trenches into a silicon substrate. Thermal oxidation is then employed to seal the top of etched trenches and obtain buried microchannels at the bottom. The process is straightforward and allows the integration of buried folded channels into silicon substrates with a high density. Experimental results are reported and advantages and drawbacks of the proposed process are discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photonic crystal slab with layered elements

Abstract We introduce the simulation of a photonic crystal slab with a square lattice, whose basis elements are layered cylinders of an averaged refractive index . We compare it with a similar photonic crystal with a basis of the same size and a refractive index matching to the average of the layered ones. Even when this is such a simple system with internal structure, we have found an interesting phenomenology: an increase in band gaps, flattening of the bands, degeneracy nodes, etc. We also introduce additional methods to fine tuning the design and analyze the inclusion of a plain cylinder defect within the slab.
Survey of Theoretical Work for the Proposed HEDgeHOB Experimental Schemes: HIHEX and LAPLAS

This paper presents a review of the theoretical work that has resulted in a scientific proposal on studies of High‐Energy‐Density (HED) states in matter using intense beams of energetic heavy ions that will be available at the future Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt [W.F. Henning, Nucl. Inst. Meth B 24 (2003) 725‐729]. The proposal is named HEDgeHOB that stands for High Energy Density Matter Generated by Heavy Ion Beams. Two experimental schemes have been worked out for the HEDgeHOB experimental proposal, namely, HIHEX and LAPLAS. The first scheme allows for studies of HED states by isochoric and uniform heating of matter by an intense heavy ion beam that is followed by isentropic expansion of the heated material. Numerical simulations have shown that using the beam parameters that will be available at the FAIR, one can access all the interesting physical states of HED matter including an expanded hot liquid state, twophase liquid‐gas region, critical point parameters and strongly coupled plasmas for all the materials of interest. The second scheme involves a low‐entropy compression of a test material like hydrogen that is enclosed in a cylindrical shell of a high‐Z material like gold or lead. The target can be driven by a hollow or a circular beam. This compression scheme relies on multiple shock reflection between the hydrogen‐gold (lead) boundary and the cylinder axis. The hydrodynamic stability of the LAPLAS target has also been analyzed that shows that the implosion is completely stable to Rayleigh‐Taylor and Richtmyer‐Meshkov instabilities. LAPLAS implosion using a hollow beam is suitable for studying the problem of hydrogen metallization whereas the one employing a circular focal spot leads to physical conditions that are expected to exist in the interiors of the giant planets. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular slip at the solid‐liquid interface of an acoustic‐wave sensor

Molecular slip is expected to occur at the interface between the surface of a bulk‐acoustic‐wave quartz chemical sensor and a liquid with which it is in contact. A new property of the interface, called the interfacial slip parameter, accounts for molecular slip. It is introduced in the theory of the sensor‐liquid system by generalizing the no‐slip boundary condition. The interfacial slip parameter is a complex‐valued quantity which is defined as the displacement of a particle of liquid in contact with the sensor surface divided by the displacement of a particle on the surface of the sensor. The theoretical expression for the impedance of the sensor is derived in terms of the interfacial slip parameter. The impedance of the sensor is measured by the network analysis method for hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces in contact with water‐glycerol solutions. The experimental values of impedance are fitted to the theory by nonlinear regression analysis to find the interfacial slip parameter. A mechanical model .
A Revisit to the Application of Weighted Mixed Regression Estimation in Linear Models with Missing Data

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT This paper deals with the application of the weighted mixed regression estimation of the coefficients in a linear model when some values of some of the regressors are missing. Taking the weight factor as an arbitrary scalar, the performance of weighted mixed regression estimator in relation to the conventional least squares and mixed regression estimators is analyzed and the choice of scalar is discussed. Then taking the weight factor as a specific matrix, a family of estimators is proposed and its performance properties under the criteria of bias vector and mean squared error matrix are analyzed.
Working memory modulates the anger superiority effect in central and peripheral visual fields

ABSTRACT Angry faces have been shown to be detected more efficiently in a crowd of distractors compared to happy faces, known as the anger superiority effect (ASE). The present study investigated whether the ASE could be modified by top-down manipulation of working memory (WM), in central and peripheral visual fields. In central vision, participants held a colour in WM for a final memory test while simultaneously performing a visual search task that required them to determine whether a face showed a different expression from other coloured faces. The colour held in WM matched either the colour of the target face (target-matching), the colour of a distractor face (distractor-matching), or neither (non-matching). Results showed that the ASE was observed when the probability of target-matching trials was low. However, when the top-down WM effect was strengthened by raising the probability of target-matching trials, the ASE in the target-matching condition was completely eliminated. Intriguingly, when the visual search task was substituted by a peripheral crowding task, similar results to central vision were found in the target-matching condition. Taken together, our findings indicate that the ASE is subject to the top-down WM effect, regardless of the visual field.
Efficacy and Safety of Carbetocin Versus Misoprostol in Cesarean Section: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In the absence of comprehensive data investigating carbetocin versus misoprostol for reducing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during cesarean section (CS), we performed this investigation to compare the efficiency and side events of carbetocin versus misoprostol in the protection and reduction of PPH for women who underwent CS. From inception to September 2022, we depended on searching through various databases for eligible trials involving Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. From the efficacy prospect, we found that carbetocin substantially decreased intraoperative blood loss (p<0.001), hemoglobin/hematocrit levels (p<0.001), and the need for blood transfusion (p=0.002)/additional surgical interventions (p=0.003) than misoprostol. However, we revealed no substantial variation between both drugs for the need for additional uterotonic agents (p=0.08). From the safety prospect, we found that incidences of fever (p=0.002), heat sensation (p=0.007), metallic taste (p=0.01), and shivering (p=0.0002) were lower in carbetocin administration than in misoprostol. However, headache (p=0.34) and palpitation (p=0.11) incidences revealed no substantial variation between both drugs. In conclusion, from the efficacy and safety prospect, for women who underwent CS, carbetocin is more effective and safer in preventing and reducing PPH than misoprostol.
Shape Representation And Recognition With Depth Information

Many global shape recognition techniques, such as moments and Fourier Descriptors, are used almost exclusively with two-dimensional images. It would be desirable to extend these global shape recognition concepts to three dimensional images. Specifically, the concepts associated with Fourier Descriptors will be extended to both three dimensional object representation and recognition and the representation and recognition of objects which are described by depth data. With Fourier Descriptors, two dimensional shape boundaries are described in terms of a set of complex sinusoidal basis functions. Extending this concept to three dimensions, the surface of a shape will be described in terms of a set of three . dimensional basis functions. The basis functions which will be used are known as spherical harmonics. Spherical harmonics can be used to describe a function on the surface of the unit sphere. In this application, the function on the unit sphere will describe the shape to be represented. The representation presented here is restricted to the class of objects for which each ray from the origin intersects the surface of the object only once. Basic definitions and properties of spherical harmonics will be discussed. A distance measure for shape discrimination will be derived as a function of the spherical harmonic coefficients for two shapes. The question of representation of objects described by depth data will then be addressed. A functional description for the objects will be introduced, along with methods of normalizing the spherical harmonic coefficients for scale, translation, and orientation so that meaningful library comparisons might be possible. Classification results obtained with a set of simple objects will be discussed.
Sensitivity of the Tropical Dust Cycle to Glacial Abrupt Climate Changes

During abrupt climate changes of the last glacial period paleorecords show large amplitude changes in the dust cycle. We use Earth System model simulations to evaluate processes operating across these events. Idealized Heinrich stadial‐like simulations show a southwards migration of tropical rainfall that dries the Sahel and reduces wet deposition causing a widespread enhancement of tropical dust loading. However, several discrepancies with marine core dust deposition reconstructions are evident. Simulations with a more limited freshwater forcing (0.4 Sv instead of 1.0 Sv) and weaker cooling over the North Atlantic (less than 3°C) show a switch in sign of the stadial dust deposition anomaly in several regions, improving agreement with paleorecords. The simulated dust cycle therefore displays in places a non‐linear response to abrupt change. The global‐mean stadial dust radiative forcing in the more realistic simulations is around −0.2 to −0.6 W m−2 and so could represent an amplifying feedback during these events.
COMPARISON OF GENEXPERT® PROBE MISSING IN HOTSPOT RRDR OF RPOB GENE AMONG PRIMARY AND ACQUIRED DRUG RESISTANT CASES OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

There are differences in probe pattern missing in rifampicin resistance determining region of rpoB gene among primary and acquired resistant TB cases. This study aimed to observe the Xpert® MTB RIF Assay presenting probe missing in Hotspot RRDR of rpoB Gene among primary and acquired drug-resistant cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care setting of Lahore. This comparative cross-sectional work was undertaken at The University of Lahore in cooperation with the Department of Pulmonology and HRI-NIH TB Research Centre KEMULahore. Confirmed TB patients being sent for Xpert® MTB RIF Assay were the target population in this study. Based on previous TB treatment history, patients were divided into primary and acquired drug-resistant TB cases. Samples were subjected to Xpert® MTB RIF Assay, and any probes missing, i.e., probes A, B, C, D or E, were observed. Data from a total of 170 cases were finalized for analysis consisting of 84(49.4%) acquired TB cases and 86(50.6%)primary TB cases. A total of 90(52.9%) male and 80(47.1%) females were enrolled. The mean age of patients was 35.45±16.11 years. The proportion of missing probe E (78.2%) remained at the topmost, followed by none of the probes missing at 8.3%, probe A at 5.3%, probe C at 3.5%, probe B at 2.9% and probe D at 1.8%. There are variations in frequencies of probe missing in RDRR regions of rpoB genes among rifampicin-resistant cases of primary andacquired TB. A high frequency of no missing probes among primary resistant was found.
H− measurement in the magnetically filtered region of the large negative ion source

H− ion density in the extraction region of a volume-production-type ion source is measured, using the photodetachment method, and directly compared to H− ion beam extracted from the ion source in order to understand the effective production of H− ions. It is observed that there is qualitative similarity between H− density and extracted H− beam current, as expected. Characteristics of H− ion production under two values of magnetic strength are compared to study the effect of the filter field. It was found that the weaker magnetic field of 750 G cm is not sufficient for the filter field since high energy electrons can come into the extraction region across the magnetic field.
CRITICAL ISSUES IN THE NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF THE PARAMETER ESTIMATION PROBLEMS IN IMMUNOLOGY

A robust and reliable parameter estimation is a critical issue for modeling in immunology. We developed a computational methodology for analysis of the best-fit parameter estimates and the information-theoretic assessment of the mathematical models formulated with ODEs. The core element of the methodology is a robust evaluation of the first and second derivatives of the model solution with respect to the model parameter values. The critical issue of the reliable estimation of the derivatives was addressed in the context of inverse problems arising in mathematical immunology. To evaluate the first and second derivatives of the ODE solution with respect to parameters, we implemented the variational equations-, automatic differentiation and complex-step derivative approximation methods. A comprehensive analysis of these approaches to the derivative approximations is presented to understand their advantages and limitations. Mathematics subject classification: 34K29, 92-08, 65K10.
Distributions of the Sample Autocorrelations When Observations Are From a Stationary Autoregressive-Moving-Average Process

This article examines the adequacy of approximations to the distributions of the sample autocorrelations by normal distributions, Edgeworth-type expansions, and four-parameter Pearson distributions. The accuracy of these approximations is found to depend critically on the data-generating process and sample size and to improve with sample size. Only the Pearson approximations seem to be reliable in relatively small samples. The utility of these approximations is illustrated with applications. A major obstacle to using these approximations is the necessity of obtaining the exact moments of the sample autocorrelations. Convenient expressions are developed from which the moments can be computed rather easily.
A comparative and retrospective study on the efficacy of caudal epidural steroid injection plus ganglion impar block versus ganglion impar block in patients with coccydynia

Aim: Coccydynia is defined as pain in the area of the coccyx. The initial treatment is conservative therapy, although several interventional treatments can be performed in patients who do not respond well. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacies of ganglion impar blocks and caudal epidural steroid injections in the treatment of coccydynia. Materials and Methods: From January 2019 to June 2021, a retrospective review was conducted on 65 patients who underwent ganglion impar block (n = 25) or ganglion impar block and caudal epidural steroid injection (n = 40) for coccydynia. Pain scores at baseline and at the first and third months after the procedure were compared between two groups. Results: In both groups, a statistically significant decrease was found at the first and third months when post-injection Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were compared to the basal VAS scores (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups at the first and third months (p = 0.39 and p = 0.82, respectively). Conclusion: Ganglion impar block is effective for patients with coccydynia in providing pain relief. However, the addition of caudal epidural steroid injection to the ganglion impar block in patients with coccydynia has no additional contribution to pain relief.