Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Generation from SAR Interferometry

SAR Interferometry (InSAR) provides data that contain information relating to the phase and coherence components of the backscattered radar signals. Phase information is used to derive Digital Elevation Models (DEM). This paper presents the results of an analysis of the accuracy of InSAR DEM derived from ESAR L-band airborne repeat-pass fully polarimetric InSAR data, which were acquired over Thetford Forest, in the east of England. An area with no tree cover of about 300m by 300m in size was chosen as a test site. Then InSAR DEMs for L-band HH, HV and VV polarisations were generated. The accuracy of the InSAR-derived DEMs was deduced by comparison with reference DEMs, which were generated from field data acquired from both Global Positioning System (GPS) & spot height survey and a Lidar DEM. The Lidar DEM was acquired by the UK Environment Agency. The poster reports the results of these comparisons and some concluding remarks about the relationship between the accuracy of the InSAR DEMs, polarization mode, and the nature of the ground surface cover are highlighted.
Excited commentator speech detection with unsupervised model adaptation for soccer highlight extraction

Soccer highlight detection is an active research topic in recent years. In this paper, we present our effort to detect an important audio keyword — excited commentator speech, which contributes to a state-of-the-art soccer highlight extraction system. We propose an approach of using statistical classifier based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) with unsupervised model adaptation. The excited speech and normal speech are modeled as two GMMs, and are updated to compensate for the acoustic mismatch between training and test data via Maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation, starting from the pre-trained GMMs. The adaptation is operated in an unsupervised mode, since the correct classification of the test data is not known, and a first pass of detection using old GMMs is performed to produce hypothesized classification results. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Based on the excited speech detection alone, we can recall 87% of the goal events.
Neuroscientific Review on Sensory Stimulation Therapy and Virtual Reality for Somatosensory Rehabilitation

This study details the neuroscientific concept of somatosensation, general sensory stimulation therapy and virtual reality therapy. Somatosensation is a method that the human body uses to accept information from the inner and outer parts of the body. A traditional sensory stimulation therapy was designed to maximize neural recovery, but the neural recovery is most effective when the therapeutic environment is similar to real life. The virtual reality provides natural environment that users may perceive as meaningful and even participants with significant impairment can perform some of the activities of their daily lives within the virtual environment. The virtual reality will become a complementary part of somatosensory rehabilitation.
Cognitive Functioning after Stroke: A One-Year Follow-Up Study

Cognitive disorders after stroke are one of the main causes of disability in daily activities. The main aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of post-stroke dementia, post-stroke mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and post-stroke amnestic MCI at different times after first-ever stroke; 196 patients were included in the study. In addition, cognitive disorders and their clinical course were studied. Frequency of post-stroke dementia was about 10% at all evaluation times; most patients had post-stroke MCI. Of the cognitive functions investigated, mental speed and calculation were most frequently affected. Performance on almost all cognitive tests was improved 6 and 12 months after stroke. Thus, while the frequency of post-stroke dementia is low, the frequency of post-stroke MCI is high, but improvement of cognitive function is possible.
Characteristics of Adopters and Non-Adopters of Home Computers

SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS This study investigated the profile of the adopter of a technological innovation, the home computer. The study used a simple trait + behavior model, whereas Rogers' diffusion model (Rogers 1962; Rogers and Shoemaker 1968) is a contingency model: trait + communication + behavior. While it is useful to examine the interaction be- tween traits and innovative characteristics, our approach only tests part of Rogers' model. To some extent, the adop- ter profile is similar to that of the adopter of many other types of innovations: middle-aged, higher income, more education, opinion leader, information seeker, and so on. On the other hand, the profile also suggests that the adopter is a "logical introvert. " This finding is not unexpected, given consideration of the complex, technological nature of the innovation. We suggest that the nature of the adopter of an innovation is partially a function of the characteristics of the innovation itself-viz., the complexity of the home computer, the familiarity required to be cognizant of its relative advantage, and the need for some other type of computer-oriented experiences before it can be perceived as compatible. We have used the concept of consumer creativity in an attempt to explain the differences between the adopter pro- file we found and that found in studies of symbolic inno- vations. Hirschman (1980b) presents a model showing the hypothesized relationship of consumer creativity to adop- tive i~novativeness; using Welsh's (1975) traits of origence and intellectence, we hypothesized that home computer adopters are more likely to exhibit characteristics typical of the low origenceihigh intellectence individual (introverted, rational, quantitatively oriented, unsocial). Our results pro- vide general support that adopters of home computers have a profile similar to that individual: they are homebodies who are interested neither in the arts nor in innovations that would enhance their ability to communicate. The hypoth- esis that the low origenceihigh intellectence individual is likely to be an early adopter of a technological innovation was tested in an indirect manner, by comparing the adopter profile to that found by Welsh (1975). Future research should direct measures of the dimensions in order to relate them to early adoption of technological pr~ducts. ~ More-over, there is a clear need for research investigating the role that the two creativity dimensions play in the adoption of different types of innovations. Past consumption experiences play an integral part in Hirschman's (1980a, 1980b) conceptualization of consumer
Planning-Based Security Testing of the SSL/TLS Protocol

With a growing amount of transferred data in an interconnected world, the insurance of a secure communication between two peers becomes a critical task in the software industry. A leak of critical data can cause tremendous costs in a financial, social but also political manner. For this sake, cryptographic protocols are implemented and regulate the data transfer, thus ensuring the safety of transferred data between two peers. The widespread security protocol SSL/TLS provides the mechanisms for this request, however, not without drawbacks since several security leaks have been identified up to now. Since vulnerabilities act as a starting point for a potential malicious action, the identification of such leaks is of highest priority. In this paper a novel testing approach is presented, which adapts planning for security testing of cryptographic protocols. The whole approach is implemented in one testing framework. Its purpose is to automatically test for known vulnerabilities in protocol implementations but to trigger other unintended behavior as well so eventually new security flaws can be identified. Additionally, the planning specification can be extended further so new testing possibilities can be generated. New test cases can be generated dynamically according to changing conditions.
Detecting bug duplicate reports through local references

Background: Bug Tracking Repositories, such as Bugzilla, are designed to support fault reporting for developers, testers and users of the system. Allowing anyone to contribute finding and reporting faults has an immediate impact on software quality. However, this benefit comes with at least one side-effect. Users often file reports that describe the same fault. This increases the maintainer's triage time, but important information required to fix the fault is likely contributed by different reports. Aim: The objective of this paper is twofold. First, we want to understand the dynamics of bug report filing for a large, long duration open source project, Firefox. Second, we present a new approach that can reduce the number of duplicate reports. Method: The novel element in the proposed approach is the ability to concentrate the search for duplicates on specific portions of the bug repository. Our system can be deployed as a search tool to help reporters query the repository. Results: When tested as a search tool our system is able to detect up to 53% of duplicate reports. Conclusion: The performance of Information Retrieval techniques can be significantly improved by guiding the search for duplicates. This approach results in higher detection rates and constant classification runtime.
Organizations and the end of the individual

Identifies the traditional western assumptions made about the individual and, from a social constructionist perspective, notes how they derive from their historical and social context. Argues that work organizations have played a significant role in both the western conceptualization and the very formation of the individual. Notes some of the changes now taking place in organizations, and speculates whether they could modify this conceptualization and formation significantly, and, if so, what the implications of the new individual could be for organizations and society.
Execution migration in a heterogeneous-ISA chip multiprocessor

Prior research has shown that single-ISA heterogeneous chip multiprocessors have the potential for greater performance and energy efficiency than homogeneous CMPs. However, restricting the cores to a single ISA removes an important opportunity for greater heterogeneity. To take full advantage of a heterogeneous-ISA CMP, however, we must be able to migrate execution among heterogeneous cores in order to adapt to program phase changes and changing external conditions (e.g., system power state). This paper explores migration on heterogeneous-ISA CMPs. This is non-trivial because program state is kept in an architecture-specific form; therefore, state transformation is necessary for migration. To keep migration cost low, the amount of state that requires transformation must be minimized. This work identifies large portions of program state whose form is not critical for performance; the compiler is modified to produce programs that keep most of their state in an architecture-neutral form so that only a small number of data items must be repositioned and no pointers need to be changed. The result is low migration cost with minimal sacrifice of non-migration performance. Additionally, this work leverages binary translation to enable instantaneous migration. When migration is requested, the program is immediately migrated to a different core where binary translation runs for a short time until a function call is reached, at which point program state is transformed and execution continues natively on the new core. This system can tolerate migrations as often as every 100 ms and still retain 95% of the performance of a system that does not do, or support, migration.
Eye Movement Control during Reading: Evidence for Direct Control

In three experiments, subjects read text as their eye movements were monitored and display changes in the text were made contingent upon the eye movements. In one experiment, a window of text moved in synchrony with the eyes. In one condition, the size of the window was constant from fixation to fixation, while in the other condition the size of the window varied from fixation to fixation. In the other experiments, a visual mask was presented at the end of each saccade which delayed the onset of the text, and the length of the delay was varied. The pattern of eye movements was influenced by both the size of the window and the delay of the onset of the text, even when the window size or text delay was varying from fixation to fixation. However, there was also evidence that saccade length was affected by the size of the window on the prior fixation and that certain decisions to move the eye are programmed either before the fixation begins or are programmed during the fixation but without regard to the text fixated on. The results thus provide support for a mixed control model of eye movements in reading, in which decisions about when and where to move the eyes are based on information from the current fixation, the prior fixations, and possibly, other sources as well.
An energy efficient pedestrian aware Smart Street Lighting system

Purpose – Conventional street lighting systems in areas with a low frequency of passersby are online most of the night without purpose. The consequence is that a large amount of power is wasted meaninglessly. With the broad availability of flexible‐lighting technology like light‐emitting diode lamps and everywhere available wireless internet connection, fast reacting, reliably operating, and power‐conserving street lighting systems become reality. The purpose of this work is to describe the Smart Street Lighting (SSL) system, a first approach to accomplish the demand for flexible public lighting systems.Design/methodology/approach – This work presents the SSL system, a framework developed for a dynamic switching of street lamps based on pedestrians' locations and desired safety (or “fear”) zones. In the developed system prototype, each pedestrian is localized via his/her smartphone, periodically sending location and configuration information to the SSL server. For street lamp control, each and every lampp.
Association Analysis of Variation in/Near FTO, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, HHEX, EXT2, IGF2BP2, LOC387761, and CDKN2B With Type 2 Diabetes and Related Quantitative Traits in Pima Indians

OBJECTIVE—In recent genome-wide association studies, variants in CDKAL1, SLC30A8, HHEX, EXT2, IGF2BP2, CDKN2B, LOC387761, and FTO were associated with risk for type 2 diabetes in Caucasians. We investigated the association of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and some additional tag SNPs with type 2 diabetes and related quantitative traits in Pima Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Forty-seven SNPs were genotyped in 3,501 Pima Indians informative for type 2 diabetes and BMI, among whom 370 had measures of quantitative traits. RESULTS—FTO provided the strongest evidence for replication, where SNPs were associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio = 1.20 per copy of the risk allele, P = 0.03) and BMI (P = 0.002). None of the other previously reported SNPs were associated with type 2 diabetes; however, associations were found between CDKAL1 and HHEX variants and acute insulin response (AIR), where the Caucasian risk alleles for type 2 diabetes were associated with reduced insulin secretion in normoglycemic Pima Indians. Multiallelic analyses of carrying risk alleles for multiple genes showed correlations between number of risk alleles and type 2 diabetes and impaired insulin secretion in normoglycemic subjects (P = 0.006 and 0.0001 for type 2 diabetes and AIR, respectively), supporting the hypothesis that many of these genes influence diabetes risk by affecting insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS—Variation in FTO impacts BMI, but the implicated common variants in the other genes did not confer a significant risk for type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. However, confidence intervals for their estimated effects were consistent with the small effects reported in Caucasians, and the multiallelic “genetic risk profile” identified in Caucasians is associated with diminished early insulin secretion in Pima Indians.
Effect of Nonlinearities on PMD

We show experimentally and theoretically that the magnitude and direction of the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) vector of a WDM channel is significantly affected by nonlinear polarization crosstalk from neighboring channels within the PMD correlation bandwidth. We use our model to estimate the effect the nonlinear interactions may have on the PMD-induced penalty
Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don't…If You're a Girl: Relational and Normative Contexts of Adolescent Sexting in the United States

This study examines the relational, normative, gender, and age dynamics of adolescent sexting in the USA using open-ended questionnaires. Girls in the study were no more likely than boys to sext; however, they were more likely to experience pressure to do so, particularly from boys. Girls were commonly judged harshly whether they sexted (e.g., “slut”) or not (e.g., “prude”), whereas boys were virtually immune from criticism regardless. Older adolescents described sexting as occurring primarily within the context of flirting, romance, or sex, whereas younger adolescents reported what might be described as “pre-sexting” behaviors, involving the joking exchange of sexually suggestive (but non-nude) photos with platonic friends. Although some adolescents expressed a fear that sexting might lead to reputational damage, the normative climate and desire for approval motivated some to sext regardless. Implications and avenues for future research are offered in the discussion.
The Activation of Core Social Networks in the Wake of the 22 July Oslo Bombing

This paper examines how core social networks were activated in the wake of the bombing in Oslo on July 22, 2011. Empirical mobile traffic data illuminate exceptional behavior, just after the bombing in Oslo. We find that in the minutes after the bombing people called ties that were (1) close socially and (2) perceived to be in danger, that is, people who were close to the bombing point. Our main findings: (1) individuals first focus on their single closest contact ('best friend'), but, soon after, switch to spending more mobile communication resources than average on contacts ranked 2 - 5. (2) we see clearly a large increase (over typical) in traffic to and from, and not least within, the affected area (Oslo) -- in some cases more than a 300% increase, right after the bombing. Interestingly, we also find a marked increase in traffic for relationships where both persons were outside of Oslo. All these results illustrate the importance of social contact in this highly unusual situation. This paper underscores how the mobile phone is an instrument of the intimate sphere. The situation on the 22nd of July in Oslo is a prime example of an unexpected situation, where individuals use the mobile to get critical information on their loved ones in their core network.
Cognitive control in motor expertise

Abstract This article examines cognitive control in motor expertise. Extensive research in sport domains has shown that adult experts exhibit superior response selection performance (tactical decision making) as well as superior motor skill execution. Two mechanisms that contribute to expert performance are problem representations and gaze behavior strategies. These mechanisms are reviewed in terms of their development and role in expert performances in sport domains. Also, methodologies designed to capture these mechanisms are discussed. An experiment is presented in volleyball to demonstrate how athletes’ problem representations (verbal behaviors) and their gaze behaviors can be assessed during an actual performance task and how this experiment and others like it may enhance our understanding of cognitive control in motor expertise.
Isolation and Characterization of Metal-Reducing Thermoanaerobacter Strains from Deep Subsurface Environments of the Piceance Basin, Colorado

ABSTRACT Five bacterial strains were isolated from anaerobic enrichment cultures that had originated from inoculations with samples collected from the deep subsurface environments of the millions-of-years-old, geologically and hydrologically isolated Piceance Basin in Colorado. Small-subunit rRNA gene-based analyses indicated that all of these bacteria were closely related to Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, with similarities of 99.4 to 99.5%. Three isolates (X513, X514, and X561) from the five bacterial strains were used to examine physiological characteristics. These thermophilic bacteria were able to use acetate, glucose, hydrogen, lactate, pyruvate, succinate, and xylose as electron donors while reducing Fe(III), cobalt(III), chromium(VI), manganese(IV), and uranium(VI) at 60°C. One of the isolates (X514) was also able to utilize hydrogen as an electron donor for Fe(III) reduction. These bacteria exhibited diverse mineral precipitation capabilities, including the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4), siderite (FeCO3), rhodochrosite (MnCO3), and uraninite (UO2). The gas composition of the incubation headspace and the ionic composition of the incubation medium exerted profound influences on the types of minerals formed. The susceptibility of the thermophilic Fe(III)-reducing cultures to metabolic inhibitors specific for ferric reductase, hydrogenase, and electron transport indicated that iron reduction by these bacteria is an enzymatic process.
The Performance of CSR Mutual Funds and Investment Decision-Making

Nowaday, Corporate Socially Responsible (CSR) mutual funds are becoming a popular investment option for investors. However, no any research confirms whether CSR Mutual fund activity is better than market index or not. Besides, we should have one method can help con sequently investors in making the decision to select appropriate investment funds. In this study, we measure the financial performance of a sample of 15 CSR mutual funds in the world, with the monthly return over the period 2008-2013, then we propose the dession table. We first use the measures to evaluate the performance of mutual funds such as Alpha (α), Sharpe Ratio (SR), and Information Ratio (IR). And then, we use the obtained decision table to evaluate the predictability by each measure. The results indicate that only 3 of the 15 CSR mutual funds achieve good performance results based on the statistical significance of the two measures Sharpe Ratio and Information Ratio. In addition, the IR is suggested to evaluate and make investment decisions in the future and it also is the best one among the three measures. The decision table suggest investors a measure forecast accuracy way.
Hybrid Integrated Silicon Microfluidic Platform for Fluorescence Based Biodetection

The desideratum to develop a fully integrated Lab-on-a-chip device capable of rapid specimen detection for high throughput in-situ biomedical diagnoses and Point-of-Care testing applications has called for the integration of some of the novel technologies such as the microfluidics, microphotonics, immunoproteomics and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). In the present work, a silicon based microfluidic device has been developed for carrying out fluorescence based immunoassay. By hybrid attachment of the microfluidic device with a Spectrometer-on-chip, the feasibility of synthesizing an integrated Lab-on-a-chip type device for fluorescence based biosensing has been demonstrated. Biodetection using the microfluidic device has been carried out using antigen sheep IgG and Alexafluor-647 tagged antibody particles and the experimental results prove that silicon is a compatible material for the present application given the various advantages it offers such as cost-effectiveness, ease of bulk microfabrication, superior surface affinity to biomolecules, ease of disposability of the device etc., and is thus suitable for fabricating Lab-on-a-chip type devices.