Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Your Memory: How It Works and How to Improve It@@@Psychology of Memory

The word mnemonic (pronounced “ne MON ik”) is briefly defined as “aiding the memory. ” It is derived from Mnemosyne, the name of the ancient Greek goddess of memory. “Mnemonics” refers in general to methods for improving memory; a mnemonic technique is any technique that aids the memory. Most researchers, however, define mnemonics more narrowly as being what most people consider to be rather unusual, artificial memory aids.
Study on low voltage ride through characteristic of full power converter direct-drive wind power system

With an increasing amount of wind energy installed, the behavior of wind power system during grid disturbances becomes more important, grid operators require that wind turbines stay connected to the grid during voltage dips. A control method can be used to keep direct-drive wind power system with back-to-back converters using permanent magnet generator connected to the grid during voltage sags. When the voltage sags happen, the grid-side converter of direct-drive wind power system operating at STATCOM mode, the reactive current is determined by the depth of voltage sag, then the reactive power can be rapidly provided to support the grid and help direct-drive wind power system low-voltage ride-through. All this was verified by simulation and experiment. This is illustrated that for direct-drive wind power system, the capability of low voltage ride through can be effectively improved by operating at STATCOM mode during grid voltage sags.
Integrated Semantic-Based Composition of Skills and Learning Needs in Knowledge-Intensive Organisations

Creation and maintenance of competencies is one of the most strategic activities in organizations, especially in knowledge intensive ones, as is the case of consulting companies. The role of core competencies in making a company achieve competitive advantage has been widely investigated in (Hamel and Prahalad, 1990). Other studies (Gronau and Uslar, 2004) show that the return on investment is significantly impacted by enriching knowledge management systems companies use, with components for the specific management of skills(Skill Management Systems, SMS). One of the services SMS should provide is the search for competencies inside the organization: an organization dealing with a task to perform will firstly check for the required skills among the available personnel, an activity whose complexity grows up with the size of the company. If such a search process leads to discover lack of needed competencies, organizations may hire external personnel, or encourage internal personnel to learn new competencies on the unavailable skills. The current availability of several, well-organized, e-learning modules, makes such possibility appealing and economically advantageous. A skill management system performing both the process of searching among available skills and facilitating the creation of missing ones can hence be a noteworthy source of competitive advantage for a knowledge-intensive organization. We present here an approach and a system for supporting the whole process of skills retrieval and creation inside a company: the proposed framework exploits recent advances in semantic-based inference services and technologies. It is noteworthy that the terms skill and competence are not kept distinct in the rest of the chapter: they both are meant to describe any ability or sort of knowledge held by individuals. The approach exploits the formalism and the reasoning services provided by Description Logics(DLs) and is fully in the Semantic Web initiative mainstream.
Survey of Six Myths and Oversights about Distributed Hash Tables' Security

Distributed hash tables (DHT) was not designed to be secure against malicious users. But some secure systems like trust and reputation management algorithms trust DHT with their data. Several propositions have been made to make DHTs appear secure but they fail in practice. We review some of those propositions and explain why they do not work. Our main conclusion is that DHT should not be used to create secure systems.
The autopod: Its formation during limb development

The autopod, including the mesopodium and the acropodium, is the most distal part of the tetrapod limb, and developmental mechanisms of autopod formation serve as a model system of pattern formation during development. Cartilage rudiments of the autopod develop after proximal elements have differentiated. The autopod region is marked by a change in the expression of two homeobox genes: future autopod cells are first Hoxa11/Hoxa13‐double‐positive and then Hoxa13‐single‐positive. The change in expression of these Hox genes is controlled by upstream mechanisms, including the retinoic acid pathway, and the expression of Hoxa13 is connected to downstream mechanisms, including the autopod‐specific cell surface property mediated by molecules, including cadherins and ephrins/Ephs, for cell‐to‐cell communication and recognition. Comparative analyses of the expression of Hox genes in fish fins and tetrapod limb buds support the notion on the origin of the autopod in vertebrates. This review will focus on the cellular and molecular regulation of the formation of the autopod during development and evolutionary developmental aspects of the origin of the autopod.
Grübeln und sich Sorgen: Neuere Forschungsergebnisse und Psychotherapieansätze

Sowohl sich Sorgen [1] als auch depressives Grübeln [2] sind in psychiatrischen Populationen erhöht und bilden wesentliche Merkmale vieler Störungen. Diese wiederkehrenden negativen Gedanken werden von den Patienten als sehr unangenehm und unkontrol− lierbar empfunden und gehen mit hohem Leidens− druck einher. Damit ist das Verständnis der beim Grübeln und Sorgen ablaufenden kognitiven Prozesse für die Behandlung von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die diag− nostischen Möglichkeiten zur Erfassung von Grübel− und Sorgengedanken, zeigt deren negative Konse− quenzen auf und beschreibt die aktuell angewandten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.
Metabolism of 4-C14-testosterone in human subjects. III. Fate of androsterone and etiocholanolone.

C14-androsterone and C14-etiocholanolone were administered intravenously to 7 human female subjects; 3 received both steroids, and 4 (with bile fistulas) received only one. The radioactivity was excreted in the urine almost quantitatively in a few hours. The unconjugated steroids were cleared from the plasma rapidly, with a half-life of twenty minutes. The level of the glueuronidate fraction of the plasma was approximately ten times higher than that of the unconjugated fraction. The glucuronidates after administration of etiocholanolone were cleared faster than after administration of androsterone. Androsterone and etiocholanolone are not excreted in the bile in appreciable quantities; in 3 of the 4 bile-fistula subjects negligible amounts of radioactivity were recovered. Moreover, after administration of 4-C14-testosterone, no androsterone and only a small amount of etiocholanolone was recovered from the bile. This last observation is tempered by the fact that most of the radioactivity in bile is not ext.
Histologic abnormalities associated with gadolinium enhancement on MR in the initial hours of experimental cerebral infarction.

PURPOSE To determine the histologic changes associated with gadopentetate dimeglumine enhancement on MR images in acute focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS In each of two baboons, a microcatheter was used to occlude partially the middle cerebral artery and reduce cerebral blood flow for approximately 3.5 hours. The catheter was then removed allowing reperfusion for approximately 3.5 hours. In two other baboons, cerebral blood flow was completely and irreversibly interrupted by injecting liquid adhesive into the middle cerebral artery. T2-weighted and serial enhanced T1-weighted MR images were obtained. Brain specimens were studied histopathologically. RESULTS In the animals with incomplete and reversible reduction of cerebral blood flow, postcontrast T1-weighted images obtained during the initial 3 hours of ischemia showed focal areas of hypointensity. These areas were enhanced on later images. The areas of signal abnormality were subsequently found to be necrotic and were characterized by neuronal cytolysis and vascular "plugging. " In the animals with complete and irreversible interruption of cerebral blood flow, no abnormal signal intensity or enhancement was observed. Histologic abnormalities were milder in these animals. CONCLUSIONS Contrast enhancement on MR images in the initial hours of cerebral ischemia was associated with histologic evidence of tissue necrosis but was not associated with milder ischemic changes.
Medidor electrónico interactivo de consumo de energía eléctrica para uso residencial

En este articulo se presenta el desarrollo de un medidor electronico interactivo de energia electrica para uso residencial, que brinda al usuario final la posibilidad de conocer el comportamiento del consumo de energia en su domicilio. El equipo construido involucra al circuito integrado ADE7753 de Analog Devices como modulo central para la medicion electronica del consumo de energia, asi como al microcontrolador PIC18F2550 de Microchip para la configuracion y calibracion del ADE7753 y el control y procesamiento de los datos. El sistema cuenta con un visualizador y una interfaz grafica de usuario que a traves de comunicacion USB permite controlar el tiempo de los periodos de facturacion, llevar el respaldo de la informacion procesada, visualizar el consumo actual en tiempo real, generar un historico del consumo, y calcular el costo aproximado de la energia activa registrada. Con el fin de validar el comportamiento del sistema, se realizaron pruebas de campo y laboratorio para diferentes cargas y tiempos de medicion, y utilizando como equipo patron un medidor de energia electrica calibrado previamente por INELCA S.A, obteniendose un error porcentual promedio de 0.09940% en la energia medida.
Using MoneyColor to Represent Financial Data

One form of information visualization is called ambient display. It is defined as the use of aesthetically pleasing displays of information which sit on the periphery of a user's attention (Manko, Dey, Hsieh, Kientz, Lederer and Ames 2003). Financial visualization is the practice of making large financial datasets into images.In this paper, we describe a research project which uses watercolor images to represent the real-time changes in stock price and volume.
Thesis Proposal: Analyzing Systems with Redundant Requests

Reducing response time is a primary focus of computer systems research. One key factor that influences a job's response time in a multi-server system is dispatching: when a job arrives to the system, it must be sent immediately to one of the servers. This thesis focuses on a new dispatching policy: redundancy. Unlike traditional dispatching policies, which send only a single copy of each job, the idea of redundancy is to dispatch multiple copies of the same job and wait for the first copy to complete service. A great deal of empirical work has demonstrated that redundancy can provide substantial response time improvements. For example, using redundancy in MapReduce systems has been shown to reduce the response time of straggling tasks by 20 − 50%. However, despite the extensive empirical studies on redundancy, there has been very little theoretical work analyzing performance in redundancy systems. In this thesis, we propose to (1) quantify the benefits and costs of redundancy by providing the first analysis of systems with redundancy, and (2) design better redundancy systems to reduce response time. This proposal begins by reviewing our completed work, in which we develop exact analysis of response time in an idealized redundancy model. We use this analysis to explore initial messages on the benefits and costs of redundancy in small systems; we then analyze response time in systems with large numbers of servers. Our proposed future work consists of three major foci: developing and analyzing theoretical models of redundancy that capture the characteristics of real systems; investigating how smart scheduling policies can be used to improve performance in redundancy systems; and exploring applications for redundancy systems.
Variability associated with repeated measurements of gastrointestinal tract motility in dogs obtained by use of a wireless motility capsule system and scintigraphy.

OBJECTIVE To compare repeatability of measurements of gastrointestinal tract motility in healthy dogs obtained by use of a wireless motility capsule (WMC) and scintigraphy. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult dogs (mean +/- SD body weight, 21.5 +/- 1.8 kg). PROCEDURES A radiolabeled test meal was offered immediately after oral administration of a WMC. Serial static scintigraphic abdominal images were acquired for 270 minutes. A dedicated remote receiver was used for data collection from the WMC until the WMC was expelled in the feces. Each dog was evaluated 3 times at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks. RESULTS Mean gastric emptying half-time measured by use of scintigraphy (T(1/2)-GES) for each dog ranged from 99.9 to 181.2 minutes. Mean gastric emptying time (GET) measured by use of the WMC (GET-WMC) in each dog ranged from 385.3 to 669.7 minutes. Mean coefficient of variation was 11.8% for T(1/2)-GES and 7.8% for GET-WMC. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 69% for T(1/2)-GES and 71% for GET-WMC. Results for a nested analysis of covariance suggested that both methods were comparable for the evaluation of gastric emptying. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Scintigraphy and a WMC system had similar variation for assessment of gastric emptying. Moderate intraindividual variability was detected for both methods and must be considered when interpreting test results for individual dogs. Repeatability of measurements obtained by use of the WMC was equivalent to that obtained by use of scintigraphy. The WMC system offers a nonradioactive, user-friendly method for assessment of gastric emptying in dogs.
SHH1, a Homeodomain Protein Required for DNA Methylation, As Well As RDR2, RDM4, and Chromatin Remodeling Factors, Associate with RNA Polymerase IV

DNA methylation is an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modification that is critical for gene silencing and the maintenance of genome integrity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the de novo DNA methyltransferase, DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 (DRM2), is targeted to specific genomic loci by 24 nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) through a pathway termed RNA–directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Biogenesis of the targeting siRNAs is thought to be initiated by the activity of the plant-specific RNA polymerase IV (Pol-IV). However, the mechanism through which Pol-IV is targeted to specific genomic loci and whether factors other than the core Pol-IV machinery are required for Pol-IV activity remain unknown. Through the affinity purification of NUCLEAR RNA POLYMERASE D1 (NRPD1), the largest subunit of the Pol-IV polymerase, we found that several previously identified RdDM components co-purify with Pol-IV, namely RNA–DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2 (RDR2), CLASSY1 (CLSY1), and RNA–DIRECTED DNA METHYLATION 4 (RDM4), suggesting that the upstream siRNA generating portion of the RdDM pathway may be more physically coupled than previously envisioned. A homeodomain protein, SAWADEE HOMEODOMAIN HOMOLOG 1 (SHH1), was also found to co-purify with NRPD1; and we demonstrate that SHH1 is required for de novo and maintenance DNA methylation, as well as for the accumulation of siRNAs at specific loci, confirming it is a bonafide component of the RdDM pathway.
Active Load Control in Islanded Microgrids Based on the Grid Voltage

In the islanded operating condition, the microgrid has to maintain the power balance independently of a main grid. Because of the specific characteristics of the microgrid, such as the resistive lines and the high degree of power-electronically interfaced generators, new power control methods for the generators have been introduced. For the active power control in this paper, a variant of the conventional droop P/f control strategy is used, namely the voltage-droop controller. However, because of the small size of the microgrid and the high share of renewables with an intermittent character, new means of flexibility in power balancing are required to ensure stable operation. Therefore, a novel active load control strategy is presented in this paper. The aim is to render a proof of concept for this control strategy in an islanded microgrid. The active load control is triggered by the microgrid voltage level. The latter is enabled by using the voltage-droop control strategy and its specific properties. It is concluded that the combination of the voltage-droop control strategy with the presented demand dispatch allows reliable power supply without interunit communication for the primary control, leads to a more efficient usage of the renewable energy and can even lead to an increased share of renewables in the islanded microgrid.
Separating lines of text in free-form handwritten historical documents

We present an approach to finding (and separating) lines of text in free-form handwritten historical document images. After preprocessing, our method uses the count of foreground/background transitions in a binarized image to determine areas of the document that are likely to be text lines. Alternatively, an adaptive local connectivity map (ALCM) found in the literature can be used for this step of the process. We then use a min-cut/max-flow graph cut algorithm to split up text areas that appear to encompass more than one line of text. After removing text lines containing relatively little text information (or merging them with nearby text lines), we create output images for each line. A grayscale output image is created, as well as a special mask image containing both the foreground and information flagging ambiguous pixels. Foreground pixels that belong to other text lines are removed from the output images to provide cleaner line images useful for further processing. While some refinement is still necessary, the result of early experimentation with our method is encouraging
Trichiconlides A and B: two novel limonoids from the fruits of Trichilia connaroides.

Trichiconlides A (1) and B (2), two novel limonoids, were isolated from the fruits of Trichilia connaroides. Compound 1 is a novel limonoid with a highly rearranged A/B ring system and an intact D ring, which formed an unprecedented 5/6/5/6/5 carbon skeleton. Trichiconlide B (2) possesses a 10-oxatricyclo[3.3. 1. (3,8)]decane core and formed a cage-like structure located between rings A and C. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction, the ECD exciton chirality method and TDDFT/ECD calculations. 1 showed a moderate inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production.
Elevated sputum interleukin-5 and submucosal eosinophilia in obese individuals with severe asthma.

RATIONALE The relationship between airway inflammation and obesity in severe asthma is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the relationship between sputum mediator profiles and the distribution of eosinophilic inflammation and obesity in people with severe asthma. METHODS Clinical parameters and eight mediators in sputum were assessed in 131 subjects with severe asthma from a single center categorized into lean, overweight, and obese groups defined by their body mass index. In an independent group of people with severe asthma (n = 45) and healthy control subjects (n = 19) eosinophilic inflammation was enumerated in bronchial submucosa, blood, and sputum and related to their body mass index. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sputum IL-5 geometric mean (95% confidence interval) (pg/ml) was elevated in the obese (1.8 [1.2-2.6]) compared with overweight (1.1 [0.8-1.3]; P = 0.025) and lean (0.9 [0.6-1.2]; P = 0.018) subjects with asthma and was correlated with body mass index (r = 0.29; P < 0.001). There was no relationship among body mass index, the sputum cell count, or other sputum mediators. In the bronchoscopy group the submucosal eosinophil number in the subjects with asthma was correlated with body mass index (Spearman rank correlation, rs = 0.38; P = 0.013) and the median (interquartile range) number of submucosal eosinophils was increased in obese (19.4 [11.8-31.2]) (cells per square millimeter) versus lean subjects (8.2 [5.4-14.6]) (P = 0.006). There was no significant association between sputum or peripheral blood eosinophil counts and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Sputum IL-5 and submucosal eosinophils, but not sputum eosinophils, are elevated in obese people with severe asthma. Whether specific antieosinophilic therapy is beneficial, or improved diet and lifestyle in obese asthma has antiinflammatory effects beyond weight reduction, requires further study.
Diagnostic accuracy of colorectal cancer staging with whole-body PET/CT colonography.

CONTEXT Staging of patients with colorectal cancer often requires a multimodality, multistep imaging approach. Colonography composed of a combined modality of positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) provides whole-body tumor staging in a single session. OBJECTIVES To determine the staging accuracy of whole-body PET/CT colonography compared with the staging accuracies of CT followed by PET (CT + PET) and CT alone and to evaluate the effect of PET/CT colonography on therapy planning compared with conventional staging (CT of the abdomen and thorax and optical colonoscopy). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Prospective study of 47 patients enrolled between May 2004 and June 2006 with clinical findings and optical colonoscopy that suggested primary colorectal cancer (mean [SD] age, 71 [11] years; range, 47-92 years). Patients underwent whole-body PET/CT colonography 1 day after colonoscopy. The study was conducted at a university hospital with a mean (SD) follow-up of 447 (140) days (range, 232-653 days). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Correct classification of overall TNM stage using PET/CT colonography compared with CT + PET and CT alone. Secondary outcome measures were the accurate assessment of T-stage, N-stage, and M-stage by PET/CT colonography compared with CT + PET and CT alone and the effect of PET/CT colonography on therapy planning. RESULTS Of the 47 patients with a total of 50 lesions, the overall TNM stage was correctly determined for 37 lesions with PET/CT colonography (74%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60%-85%), 32 lesions with CT + PET (64%; 95% CI, 49%-77%), and 26 lesions with CT alone with a 0.7-cm node threshold (52%; 95% CI, 37%-66%). Compared with optimized abdominal CT staging alone, PET/CT colonography was significantly more accurate in defining TNM stage (difference, 22%; 95% CI, 9%-36%; P=.003), which was mainly based on a more accurate definition of the T-stage. Differences were not detected for defining N-stage between PET/CT colonography and CT alone with a threshold of 0.7 cm for malignant nodes but were detected with a threshold of 1 cm. Differences were not detected in defining M-stage separately or when comparing the accuracies of PET/CT colonography with CT + PET. PET/CT colonography affected consecutive therapy decisions in 4 patients (9%; 95% CI, 2.4%-20.4%) compared with conventional staging (CT alone and colonoscopy). CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study, PET/CT colonography is at least equivalent to CT + PET for tumor staging in patients with colorectal cancer. Thus, PET/CT colonography in conjunction with optical colonoscopy may be a suitable concept of tumor staging for patients with colorectal cancer.