Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host country nationals' attitudes toward expatriates: development of a measure†

A measure assessing host country nationals' (HCNs) perceptions of attitudes and behaviors of the expatriates (ATEX) was developed and validated in two studies. For the first study, interviews were conducted to generate items. A questionnaire involving these items was filled out by 198 HCNs and 26 items were eliminated. For the second study, 228 HCNs filled out a questionnaire that included ATEX and scales for constructs such as personality and attitudes toward diversity. Final version of ATEX was reduced to 24 items loading onto five factors. Examination of the relations between ATEX and several constructs provided support for construct and criterion-related validities of the measure.
All-Inkjet Printed Strain Sensors

Low cost approaches for the direct printing of electric components usually require two different technologies for conductive patterns and functional layers. Conductive structures (wires, coils, and electrodes) are usually screen printed while low cost inkjet systems can be used for the realization of functional layers (e.g., resistive and dielectric film, sensing areas). This hybrid approach, motivated by the poor availability of conductive inks compatible with low cost printing systems, does not fulfill requirements of rapid prototyping. In this paper, the realization of strain gauge sensors by a low cost all-inkjet process exploiting a Metalon water-based silver ink by Novacentrix is presented as a possible and convenient approach for the rapid prototyping of sensors by cheap inkjet printing techniques. The latter could be dramatic for specific contexts where short developing times and low cost features of printing equipments are mandatory, such as lab scale prototyping and research laboratories. The experimental results confirm both the suitability of the proposed approach and expected performances of lab-scale prototypes developed.
Universit a Di Pisa Compact Transition Systems Compact Transition Systems

A major drawback of representing concurrent systems as transition systems is the exponential size of their semantic representations. We present a way of obtaining compact transition systems that are mildly exponential in average. The idea is to have (at least) one computation to represent all the ones only diiering for the temporal ordering in which concurrent transitions occur. We characterise through axioms the transition systems which may be reduced in size, still preserving non interleaving bisimulation equivalences. We also exemplify our reduction technique on a process calculus whose compact transition system is generated in SOS style.
Comparison of Full-Duplex and Half-Duplex Modes with a Fixed Amplify-and-Forward Relay

We study the fundamental capacity trade-off between full-duplex and half-duplex transmission modes in a twohop communication system with a fixed infrastructure-based amplify-and-forward relay. First, we derive closed-form expressions for the average end-to-end capacity in the relay link. We show that it may be better to tolerate some loop interference with the full-duplex mode than to consume channel resources by allocating two orthogonal channels with the half-duplex mode. Furthermore, we evaluate the maximum loop interference power levels that still allow the full-duplex mode to achieve the same capacity as the half-duplex mode. Our results indicate that with practical signal-to-noise ratio values, the full-duplex mode is preferable in terms of capacity.
β-Catenin controls cell sorting at the notochord–somite boundary independently of cadherin-mediated adhesion

In Xenopus laevis, patterning of the trunk mesoderm into the dorsal notochord and lateral somites depends on differential regulation of Wnt–β-catenin signaling. To study the cellular requirements for the physical separation of these tissues, we manipulated β-catenin activity in individual cells that were scattered within the trunk mesoderm. We found that high activity led to efficient cell sorting from the notochord to the somites, whereas reduced activity led to sorting in the opposite direction. Analysis of individual cells overexpressing β-catenin revealed that these cells were unable to establish stable contacts with notochord cells but could freely cross the boundary to integrate within the somitic tissue. Interference with cadherin-mediated adhesion disrupted tissue architecture, but it did not affect sorting and boundary formation. Based on these results, we propose that the boundary itself is the result of cell-autonomous changes in contact behavior that do not rely on differences in absolute levels of adhesion.
Effect of xylazine, isoxsuprine and lildocaine on Doppler sonographic uterine and umbilical blood flow measurements in cows during the last month of pregnancy

The maternal portion of the bovine placenta receives blood mainly from the uterine arteries and the fetal portion from the umbilical arteries. Placental perfusion is crucial for fetal development and undergoes adaptive changes during pregnancy according to fetal requirements. One goal of this study was to investigate changes in Doppler sonographic measurements of blood vessels that supply blood to the placenta in cows during the last four weeks of pregnancy. Another goal was to examine how these measurements are affected by three drugs commonly used in cows at the time of parturition. Nine cows underwent Doppler sonographic examination of the uterine arteries (AUT) ipsilateral and contralateral to the pregnant horn and one umbilical artery (AUM) three times per week during the last four weeks of gestation. This was followed by the randomized administration of one of the three following experimental drugs per day: isoxsuprine (200 mg/cow, intravenously), xylazine (2 mg/100 kg, intravenously) and lidocaine for epidural anesthesia (100 mg/cow). Isoxsuprine and epidural anesthesia with lidocaine have the potential to improve uterine perfusion.
A Morning Stroll

Walking as part of the commute has been suggested as a source of healthful moderate activity, although there has been little empirical study to verify this supposition or determine whether one mode is superior to others. This cross-sectional study assessed differences between car and train commuters in level of physical activity. One hundred eleven train and car commuters were asked to wear a pedometer for one week of commuting on their regular route plus complete a standardized self-report physical activity index. Train commuters walked an average of 30% more steps per day, reported having walked for a period of 10 minutes or more while traveling significantly more often, and were 4 times more likely to walk 10,000 steps per day than car commuters. Transportation mode can significantly affect the amount of physical activity commuters accumulate during the course of a typical work day without planned or coordinated exercise programs.
Adaptive and quantitative comparison of J2EE vs. .NET based on attack surface metric

Development platforms have an important role in software's development and production. Prior work has shown that a system's attack surface measurement serves as a reliable proxy for security of similar software systems. A key challenge in attack surface measurement method is the estimation of the damage potential ratio. In our approach, it is applied Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) as a reliable metrics than the prior work. We show that, the attack surface of . NET platform is less than J2EE. Since only part of development environment is applied, so measuring the actual attack surface is depended on usage.
A new class of DNA photolyases present in various organisms including aplacental mammals.

DNA photolyase specifically repairs UV light‐induced cyclobutane‐type pyrimidine dimers in DNA through a light‐dependent reaction mechanism. We have obtained photolyase genes from Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Oryzias latipes (killifish) and the marsupial Potorous tridactylis (rat kangaroo), the first photolyase gene cloned from a mammalian species. The deduced amino acid sequences of these higher eukaryote genes show only limited homology with microbial photolyase genes. Together with the previously cloned Carassius auratus (goldfish) gene they form a separate group of photolyase genes. A new classification for photolyases comprising two distantly related groups is proposed. For functional analysis P.tridactylis photolyase was expressed and purified as glutathione S‐transferase fusion protein from Escherichia coli cells. The biologically active protein contained FAD as light‐absorbing cofactor, a property in common with the microbial class photolyases. Furthermore, we found in the archaebacterium Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum a gene similar to the higher eukaryote photolyase genes, but we could not obtain evidence for the presence of a homologous gene in the human genome. Our results suggest a divergence of photolyase genes in early evolution.
High Risk Alcohol Consumption and Contraceptive Use by Young Women in the Greater Victoria Area

High-risk alcohol consumption in combination with unprotected sexual activity can have deleterious results for the individual, their family and their larger community. In this investigation, a secondary analysis was performed on the female data of Wave 3 of the Healthy Youth Survey to determine rates of female drinking and unprotected sex and to create a predictive model of high-risk drinking behaviour. Three dependent variables were examined: heavy drinking, weekly binge drinking and having a CAGE score of 2 or more, and Jessor and Jessor's (1977) Problem Behaviour Theory is drawn on in the interpretation of results. Age, the influence of negative peers, physical victimization, and the presence of an addiction-prone personality were found to be predictive of engaging in heavy drinking and weekly binge drinking; the influence of negative peers was found to be predictive in having a CAGE score of 2 or more. A difference in contraceptive use was only found for the young women engaging in weekly binge drinking. The results of this study highlight the importance of how different drinking styles can impact the likelihood of engaging in highrisk sex.
HOW TO PROMOTE THE HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN CHILDREN AND YOUNGSTERS

What are those strong internal personal resources or individual characteristics that may lead to great performances and success? How teachers and educators can enhance students’ holistic positive development through recognizing human resources? In this article, we will address the connection between human strengths and positive development. Our purpose is to contemplate how to enhance students’ happiness and well-being by supporting their individual strengths and healthy development—thus, the starting point and emphasis is positive by nature and focused on an individual. As a conclusion, an illustration of human resources and its holistic connection with positive development is represented. It can be used by educators, teachers, health personnel, and others interested in supporting children’s health from the multidimensional perspective.
E-mail Authentication: What, Why, How?

Internet e-mail was conceived in a different world than we live in today. It was a small, tightly knit community, and we didn’t really have to worry too much about miscreants. Generally, if someone did something wrong, the problem could be dealt with through social means; “shunning” is very effective in small communities. Perhaps we should have figured out what was going to happen when Usenet started to go bad. Usenet was based on an inexpensive network called UUCP, which was fairly easy to join, so it gave us a taste of what happens when the community becomes larger and more distributed—and harder to manage. Even the worst flame wars seemed fairly innocuous in the grand scheme of things, and kill files were really enough, but there was a seed of something ominous that was going to germinate all too soon.
Metastatic Melanoma in the Femur - Case Report with Review of Literature: a Pathologist's Point of View.

ABSTRACT The aim of this case report was to evaluate the histopathological characteristics on a patient with metastases in the femur from malignant melanoma. A review from the literature is also mentioned.We present a case of metastatic malignant melanoma in the femur with known primary site in a 44-year-old-female. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology.Malignant melanoma is a cancer that may metastasise in the skeleton. However most of bone metastases are found in the axial skeleton and they rarely involve the femur, as in our case. Only a few case reports are published in the literature. Clinicians must be aware of the varied clinical manifestations of disseminated malignant melanoma.The diagnosis for metastatic malignant melanoma is confirmed due to pathological examination. Immunohistochemical study is useful in diagnosis, mainly when malignant melanoma is poorly differen-tiated.
On Path Memory in List Successive Cancellation Decoder of Polar Codes

Polar code is a breakthrough in coding theory. Using list successive cancellation decoding with large list size L, polar codes can achieve excellent error correction performance. The L partial decoded vectors are stored in the path memory and updated according to the results of list management. In the state-of-the-art designs, the memories are implemented with registers and a large crossbar is used for copying the partial decoded vectors from one block of memory to another during the update. The architectures are quite area-costly when the code length and list size are large. To solve this problem, we propose two optimization schemes for the path memory in this work. First, a folded path memory architecture is presented to reduce the area cost. Second, we show a scheme that the path memory can be totally removed from the architecture. Experimental results show that these schemes effectively reduce the area of path memory.
A data-driven model of a modal gated ion channel: The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in insect Sf9 cells

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) channel is crucial for the generation and modulation of intracellular Ca2+ signals in animal cells. To gain insight into the complicated ligand regulation of this ubiquitous channel, we constructed a simple quantitative continuous-time Markov-chain model from the data. Our model accounts for most experimentally observed gating behaviors of single native IP3R channels from insect Sf9 cells. Ligand (Ca2+ and IP3) dependencies of channel activity established six main ligand-bound channel complexes, where a complex consists of one or more states with the same ligand stoichiometry and open or closed conformation. Channel gating in three distinct modes added one complex and indicated that three complexes gate in multiple modes. This also restricted the connectivity between channel complexes. Finally, latencies of channel responses to abrupt ligand concentration changes defined a model with specific network topology between 9 closed and 3 open states. The model with 28 parameters can closely reproduce the equilibrium gating statistics for all three gating modes over a broad range of ligand concentrations. It also captures the major features of channel response latency distributions. The model can generate falsifiable predictions of IP3R channel gating behaviors and provide insights to both guide future experiment development and improve IP3R channel gating analysis. Maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters and of the parameters in the De Young–Keizer model yield strong statistical evidence in favor of our model. Our method is simple and easily applicable to the dynamics of other ion channels and molecules.
Religion, health beliefs and the use of mental health services by the elderly

Background: Few studies have investigated whether elderly people of particular religious affiliations were more or less likely to seek treatment for mental illness, and whether it was related to their health beliefs. Method: In the National Mental Survey of Elderly Singaporeans in 2004, data were collected on reported religious affiliations, and 1-year prevalence of mental disorders (DSM-IV diagnoses of psychiatric disorders) from diagnostic interviews using the Geriatric Mental State schedule, self-report of treatment for mental health problems, and health beliefs about the curability of mental illness, embarrassment and stigma, ease in discussing mental problems, effectiveness and safety of treatment, and trust in professionals. Results: Compared to those with no religious affiliation, elderly people of all religious affiliations showed higher prevalence of mental health problems, yet reported less frequent treatment by healthcare professionals. In multivariate analyses, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of association with seeking treatment were for Christianity, 0.12 (0.02–0.57); Islam, 0.12 (0.01–1.31); Buddhism/Taoism, 0.59 (0.18–1.88); and Hinduism, 0.21 (0.02–2.56) versus no affiliation. Various religious affiliations differ from each other and from non-religious affiliation on some negative health beliefs, but they did not adequately explain why religious affiliates were less likely to seek treatment. Conclusion: Further studies should evaluate the lower tendency of elderly people with religious affiliations to seek treatment for mental health problems.
The early contribution of cerebrovascular factors to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disorders are the leading causes of dementia in our ageing population. Given that the progression of neuropathological changes in the brains of AD patients initiates several years, and even decades, before the diagnosis of dementia, a great effort has been made to identify potentially modifiable factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of sporadic late‐onset AD. Among these factors, cerebrovascular disease and microvascular alterations seem to bilaterally interact with the underlying AD pathology, affecting the progression of cognitive deficits. In addition, cerebrovascular dysfunction has emerged as an early event in AD, encompassing changes in virtually all cell types of the neurovascular unit, including bone marrow‐derived cells, astrocytes, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In this review, we discuss recent studies implicating cerebrovascular factors in the pathogenesis of AD. We also discuss how the impairment of mechanisms of brain regeneration, such as neurogenesis and angiogenesis, might be related to the vascular dysfunction. Finally, we briefly discuss several therapeutic options targeting the vascular system, which might represent an interesting strategy for preventing or delaying the onset of dementia in AD.
Moving beyond the emphasis on bullying: a generalized approach to peer aggression in high school

Heightened attention to bullying in research and in the media has led to a proliferation of school climate surveys that ask students to report their level of involvement in bullying. In this study, the authors reviewed the challenges associated with measuring bullying and the implications they have on the reliability of school climate surveys. Then they used data from a sample of 810 students in a large public high school in New Jersey to evaluate the merits of using a more generalized definition of aggression in school climate research. Similar to national surveys of bullying, the authors found that boys were more likely than girls to be involved as aggressors, victims, and victim-aggressors for verbal aggression, physical aggression, threats, and damage to property. Girls were more likely to be involved in social aggression. Few differences were observed in aggressive behaviors by grade, but grade level moderated the differences by gender for all types of aggression. The findings demonstrate what school social workers can expect to learn about school climate by using a survey instrument to measure the prevalence of specific categories of aggression that do not include the requisite power differential, a minimum duration of victimization, or an intentionality test. Language: en
Further Progress in Understanding the Effects of Derogatory Ethnic Labels: The Role of Preexisting Attitudes Toward the Targeted Group

To assess the impact of derogatory ethnic labels (DELs) on evaluations of both the target of the DEL and the person making the comment, White subjects who had pro-Black, anti-Black, or ambivalent attitudes were randomly assigned to read a DEL, an ethnic criticism, or no remark at all. Subsequent evaluations of the maker and the target of the comment were assessed, as well as subjects' affective reactions to reading the comment. In response to reading a DEL, all subjects derogated the person who made the comment. Anti-Black subjects rated the Black target more negatively on positive traits, pro-Black subjects did not alter their ratings of the target, and ambivalent subjects compensated by rating the target more favorably following the DEL. Affectively, ambivalent subjects generally reported more guilt and hostility than other subjects, and reading the DEL or the ethnic criticism led to more hostility than reading no comment at all.
Breaking the Boundaries in Heterogeneous-ISA Datacenters

Energy efficiency is one of the most important design considerations in running modern datacenters. Datacenter operating systems rely on software techniques such as execution migration to achieve energy efficiency across pools of machines. Execution migration is possible in datacenters today because they consist mainly of homogeneous-ISA machines. However, recent market trends indicate that alternate ISAs such as ARM and PowerPC are pushing into the datacenter, meaning current execution migration techniques are no longer applicable. How can execution migration be applied in future heterogeneous-ISA datacenters? In this work we present a compiler, runtime, and an operating system extension for enabling execution migration between heterogeneous-ISA servers. We present a new multi-ISA binary architecture and heterogeneous-OS containers for facilitating efficient migration of natively-compiled applications. We build and evaluate a prototype of our design and demonstrate energy savings of up to 66% for a workload running on an ARM and an x86 server interconnected by a high-speed network.
Phenol hydroxylase from Trichosporon cutaneum: gene cloning, sequence analysis, and functional expression in Escherichia coli

A cDNA clone encoding phenol hydroxylase from the soil yeast Trichosporon cutaneum was isolated and characterized. The clone was identified by hybridization screening of a bacteriophage lambda ZAP-based cDNA library with an oligonucleotide probe which corresponded to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. The cDNA encodes a protein consisting of 664 amino acids. Amino acid sequences of a number of peptides obtained by Edman degradation of various cleavage products of the purified enzyme were identified in the cDNA-derived sequence. The phenol hydroxylase cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli to yield high levels of active enzyme. The E. coli-derived phenol hydroxylase is very similar to the T. cutaneum enzyme with respect to the range of substrates acted upon, inhibition by excess phenol, and the order of magnitude of kinetic parameters in the overall reaction. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of phenol hydroxylase gene-related sequences in a number of T. cutaneum and Trichosporon beigelii strains and in Cryptococcus elinovii but not in Trichosporon pullulans, Trichosporon penicillatum, or Candida tropicalis.