Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Profiling of Offender Characteristics from Crime Behaviors in Serial Rape Offences

Criminal psychological profiling has progressively been incorporated into police procedures despite a dearth of empirical research. Indeed, in the study of serial violent crimes for the purpose of psychological profiling, very few original, quantitative, academically reviewed studies actually exist. This article reports on the analysis of 62 incidents of serial sexual assault. The statistical procedure of multidimensional scaling was employed in the analysis of this data, which in turn produced a five-cluster model of serial rapist behavior. First, a central cluster of behaviors were identified that represent common behaviors to all patterns of serial rape. Second, four distinct outlying patterns were identified as demonstrating distinct offence styles, these being assigned the following descriptive labels brutality, intercourse, chaotic, and ritual. Furthermore, analysis of these patterns also identified distinct offender characteristics that allow for the use of empirically robust offender profiles in future serial rape investigations.
A comparative analysis of results data clustering with variants of differential evolution optimization

Differential evolution (DE) has emerged as one of the fast, robust, and efficient global search heuristics algorithm of current interest. This paper describes an application of DE to the clustering of unlabeled data sets. Here it has been used different variants of DE for clustering the data set. It is shown how different variants of DE can be used to find the centroids of a user specified number of clusters. These algorithms are evaluated on some real life datasets and compared their performances. The convergence characteristics of each variant are shown for different datasets. This study may be very useful for researchers for comparison purposes.
Preliminary Draft Comments Welcome To What Electricity Price Do Consumers Respond ? Residential Demand Elasticity Under Increasing-Block Pricing

It is straightforward to evaluate how a perfectly-optimizing, perfectly-informed customer will respond to a non-linear price schedule, but such a customer is rare. In the common case of increasing-block pricing of water and electricity, consumers do not know what marginal price they face during a billing period, because they do not know what demand shocks will occur during the period. If consumers instead set optimal behavioral rules (e.g., turn off lights in unused rooms, set the A/C to 74 degrees, replace incandescent lights with CFLs) based on the distribution of possible marginal prices they will face, their consumption will not reflect response to the discrete jumps in the price schedule. Using data from a large electricity utility, I show that the empirical distribution of consumption quantities is not consistent with consumers accurately knowing and responding to the marginal price they will face. I then estimate the price elasticity of demand using a panel of household observations at two-year intervals, identifying elasticity from the changes in the increasing-block price schedule. The results suggest that most consumers are probably responding to the expected marginal price or even less precise information about what marginal price they will face. The results are difficult to reconcile with the common approach of estimating demand elasticity from the response to an increasing-block price structure using a discrete-continuous choice model. 1 Director, University of California Energy Institute (www.ucei.org); E.T. Grether Professor of Business Economics and Public Policy, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley (faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/borenste); and Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research (www.nber.org). Email: borenste@haas.berkeley.edu. I am grateful to Koichiro Ito for excellent research assistance and very helpful comments, and to Lucas Davis, Joe Farrell, Stephen Holland and Matt Kahn and seminar participants at UC Santa Cruz, the UC Energy Institute, and Berkeley-Stanford IOfest ’08 for very helpful comments and discussions.
Far upstream element binding protein 1 binds the internal ribosomal entry site of enterovirus 71 and enhances viral translation and viral growth

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is associated with severe neurological disorders in children, and has been implicated as the infectious agent in several large-scale outbreaks with mortalities. Upon infection, the viral RNA is translated in a cap-independent manner to yield a large polyprotein precursor. This mechanism relies on the presence of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element within the 5′-untranslated region. Virus–host interactions in EV71-infected cells are crucial in assisting this process. We identified a novel positive IRES trans-acting factor, far upstream element binding protein 1 (FBP1). Using binding assays, we mapped the RNA determinants within the EV71 IRES responsible for FBP1 binding and mapped the protein domains involved in this interaction. We also demonstrated that during EV71 infection, the nuclear protein FBP1 is enriched in cytoplasm where viral replication occurs. Moreover, we showed that FBP1 acts as a positive regulator of EV71 replication by competing with negative ITAF for EV71 IRES binding. These new findings may provide a route to new anti-viral therapy.
A Quantitative Examination of Extreme Facial Pain Expression in Neonates: The Primal Face of Pain across Time

Many pain assessment tools for preschool and school-aged children are based on facial expressions of pain. Despite broad use, their metrics are not rooted in the anatomic display of the facial pain expression. We aim to describe quantitatively the patterns of initiation and maintenance of the infant pain expression across an expressive cycle. We evaluated the trajectory of the pain expression of three newborns with the most intense facial display among 63 infants receiving a painful stimulus. A modified “point-pair” system was used to measure movement in key areas across the face by analyzing still pictures from video recording the procedure. Point-pairs were combined into “upper face” and “lower face” variables; duration and intensity of expression were standardized. Intensity and duration of expression varied among infants. Upper and lower face movement rose and overlapped in intensity about 30% into the expression. The expression reached plateau without major change for the duration of the expressive cycle. We conclude that there appears to be a shared pattern in the dynamic trajectory of the pain display among infants expressing extreme intensity. We speculate that these patterns are important in the communication of pain, and their incorporation in facial pain scales may improve current metrics.
An insight into digital forensics branches and tools

As the adoption of the Ubiquitous Computing is growing with accelerated pace, cyber crime is also expanding and crime investigation is maturing into a more challenging issue which needs to be confronted. Many advanced digital forensic tools have been developed but investigation of most of the cyber crimes is difficult due to the lack of effective forensic processes and specialized tools. Cyber crime investigation requires effective forensic plan and efficient tools for forensic analysis. In this paper, various digital forensics branches along with the available forensics tools have been discussed. The efficiency and effectiveness of the various tools have been compared based on their features. This work is very much useful for security practitioners, Forensic researchers and law enforcement agencies in exploring the various available forensic tools and their capabilities to deal with the issues in cyber forensics.
Functional and prognostic significance of the genomic amplification of frizzled 6 (FZD6) in breast cancer

Frizzled receptors mediate Wnt ligand signalling, which is crucially involved in regulating tissue development and differentiation, and is often deregulated in cancer. In this study, we found that the gene encoding the Wnt receptor frizzled 6 (FZD6) is frequently amplified in breast cancer, with an increased incidence in the triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. Ablation of FZD6 expression in mammary cancer cell lines: (1) inhibited motility and invasion; (2) induced a more symmetrical shape of organoid three‐dimensional cultures; and (3) inhibited bone and liver metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, FZD6 signalling is required for the assembly of the fibronectin matrix, interfering with the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Ectopic delivery of fibronectin in FZD6‐depleted, triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells rearranged the actin cytoskeleton and restored epidermal growth factor‐mediated invasion. In patients with localized, lymph node‐negative (early) breast cancer, positivity of tumour cells for FZD6 protein identified patients with reduced distant relapse‐free survival. Multivariate analysis indicated an independent prognostic significance of FZD6 expression in TNBC tumours, predicting distant, but not local, relapse. We conclude that the FZD6–fibronectin actin axis identified in our study could be exploited for drug development in highly metastatic forms of breast cancer, such as TNBC. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Promoting Academic Achievement Among English Learners: A Guide to the Research

List of Tables and Figures Acknowledgments About the Authors 1. Why This Book? 2. The Role of the Home Language 3. Literacy Instruction in a Second Language 4. Promoting English Oral Language Development 5. Academic Instruction in a Second Language 6. School and District Role: Focus and Coherence 7. Social, Cultural, and Family Influences 8. The Research Goes to School 9. Conclusion: What's Next? Glossary Index
Human values and social change : findings from the values surveys

Notes on contributors Introduction, Ronald Inglehart Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis, Pippa Norriss and Ronald Inglehart Is there an Islamic Civilization? Yilmaz Esmer The Worldviews of Islamic Publics: The Cases pf Egypt, Iran and Jordan, Mansoor Moaddel and Taqhi Azadarmaki Gender Equality and Democracy, Ronald Inglehart, Pippa Norris and Christian Welzel Value Priorities in Israeli Society: An Examination of Inglehart's Theory of Modernization and Cultural Variation, Ephraim Yuchtman-Ya'ar Social Relations and Social Capital in Vietnam: Findings from the 2001 World Values Survey, Russel J. Dalton, Pham Minh Hac, Pham Thanh Nghi and Nhu-Ngoc T. Ong Authority Orientations and Political Support: A Cross-national Analysis of Satisfaction with Governments and Democracy, Neil Nevitte and Mebs Kanji Revising the Value Shift Hypothesis: A Descriptive Analysis of South Africa's Value Priorities between 1990 and 2001, Hennie Kotze and Karin Lombard Individual Values and Global Governance: A Comparative Analysis of Orientations towards the United Nations, Thorleif Petterson Two contradictory Hyptheses on Globalization: Societal Convergence or Civilization Differentiation and Clash, Juan Diez-Nicholas Corruption and Democracy: A Cultural Assessment, Alejandro Moreno Index
Is PSR B0943+10 a Low-Mass Quark Star?

A recent X-ray observation has shown that the radio pulsar PSR B0943+10, with clear drifting subpulses, has a much smaller polar cap area than that of conventional pulsars with mass of ~1 M☉ and radius of ~10 km. Zhang and coworkers have addressed the fact that this new result conflicts with the standard vacuum gap model. Nonetheless, the discrepancy could be explained if PSR B0943+10 is actually a low-mass quark star. We find that the potential drop in the open field line region of oblique pulsars (i.e., inclination angle α ≠ 0) might be ~102 times that of aligned pulsars, and that PSR B0943+10 with α = 12. °4 could be well above the death line. We thus conclude that the Ruderman-Sutherland-type vacuum gap model still works well for this pulsar if it is a bare quark star with a mass of ~0.02 M☉ and a radius of ~2.6 km.
RAR/RXR and PPAR/RXR Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury

The retinoid acid receptors (RAR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) have been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory reactions. Both receptor families contain ligand-activated transcription factors which form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXR). We review data that imply RAR/RXR and PPAR/RXR pathways in physiological reactions after spinal cord injury. Experiments show how RAR signaling may improve axonal regeneration and modulate reactions of glia cells. While anti-inflammatory properties of PPAR are well documented in the periphery, their possible roles in the central nervous system have only recently become evident. Due to its anti-inflammatory function this transcription factor family promises to be a useful target after spinal cord or brain lesions.
Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament

1. Puzzles in political recruitment Part I. Who Selects and How? : 2. The structure of political recruitment 3. Conservative recruitment 4. Labour recruitment 5. Minor party recruitment Part II. Who Gets Selected and Why? : 6. Supply and demand explanations 7. Gatekeeper attitudes 8. Candidate resources 9. Candidate motivation 10. Comparative candidate recruitment Part III. Does the Social Bias Matter? : 11. The values, priorities and roles of MPs 12. The personal vote 13. Reforming recruitment.
The Effect of Nanoparticles on Amyloid Aggregation Depends on the Protein Stability and Intrinsic Aggregation Rate

Nanoparticles interfere with protein amyloid formation. Catalysis of the process may occur due to increased local protein concentration and nucleation on the nanoparticle surface, whereas tight binding or a large particle/protein surface area may lead to inhibition of protein aggregation. Here we show a clear correlation between the intrinsic protein stability and the nanoparticle effect on the aggregation rate. The results were reached for a series of five mutants of single-chain monellin differing in intrinsic stability toward denaturation, for which a correlation between protein stability and aggregation propensity has been previously documented by Szczepankiewicz et al. [Mol. Biosyst.20107 (2), 521–532]. The aggregation process was monitored by thioflavin T fluorescence in the absence and presence of copolymeric nanoparticles with different hydrophobic characters. For mutants with a high intrinsic stability and low intrinsic aggregation rate, we find that amyloid fibril formation is accelerated by nanoparticles. For mutants with a low intrinsic stability and high intrinsic aggregation rate, we find the opposite—a retardation of amyloid fibril formation by nanoparticles. Moreover, both catalytic and inhibitory effects are most pronounced with the least hydrophobic nanoparticles, which have a larger surface accessibility of hydrogen-bonding groups in the polymer backbone.
In-Vivo Estimation Of Unknown Upper-Limb Kinematic Parameters

The overall goal of our research is to create a low-cost, home-based computer-based tool to monitor and assist the functional recovery of people with Upper Limb (UL) dysfunction. Our framework, implemented in the form of a Networked Virtual Driving Environment, takes advantage of manipulation of an instrumented manipulandum along prescribed movement patterns to create a sensitive and quantitative assessment/diagnostic tool. In this paper, we present the adaptation of kinematic calibration techniques for the continuous and in-vivo estimation of the unknown upper-limb kinematic parameters and joint ranges-of-motion. Simulation studies were conducted on a simplified planar problem and the results demonstrate significant robustness to measurement errors.
Dynamics of Spontaneous Activity in the Fetal Macaque Retina during Development of Retinogeniculate Pathways

Correlated spontaneous activity in the form of retinal “waves” has been observed in a wide variety of developing animals, but whether retinal waves occur in the primate has not been determined previously. To address this issue, we recorded from isolated retinas using multielectrode arrays at six fetal ages: embryonic day 51 (E51), E55, E60, E67, E71, and E76. These recordings revealed that the fetal monkey retina is essentially silent at E51 and E55, with only few cells firing on rare occasions and without any obvious spatial or temporal order. Because previous work has shown that the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the dorsal lateral geniculate are selectively innervated during this early period, our results suggest that this process is unlikely to be regulated by retinal activity. Highly structured retinal waves were first observed at E60, >1 week before the segregation of eye-specific retinal dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus projections commences. The incidence of such waves decreased rapidly and progressively during the developmental period (E67–E76) when segregated eye-specific projections become established. Our findings indicate that retinal waves first occur in the fetal monkey at a remarkably early stage of development, >100 d before birth, and that this activity undergoes rapid changes in salient properties when eye-specific retinogeniculate projections are being formed.
Efficient Pr-Skyline Query Processing and Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks

As one of the commonly used queries in modern databases, skyline query has received extensive attention from database research community. The uncertainty of the data in wireless sensor networks makes the corresponding skyline uncertain and not unique. This paper investigates the Pr-Skyline problem, i.e., how to compute the skyline with the highest existence probability in a computational and energy-efficient way. We formulate the problem and prove that it is NP-Complete and cannot be approximated in a given expression. However, the proposed algorithm SKY-SEARCH with pruning techniques can guarantee the computational efficiency given relatively large input size, while the filter-based distributed optimization strategy significantly reduces the transmission cost and the required storage space of the sensor nodes. Extensive experiments verify the efficiency and scalability of SKY-SEARCH and the distributed optimizing strategy.
Extending the Computer Defense Immune System : Network Intrusion Detection with a Multiobjective Evolutionary Programming Approach

Attacks against computer networks are becoming more sophisticated, with adversaries using new attacks or modifying existing attacks. The research uses two types of multiobjective approaches, lexicographic and Pareto-based, in an evolutionary programming algorithm to develop a new method for detecting such attacks. This development extends the Computer Defense Immune System, an artificial immune system for virus and computer intrusion detection. The approach “vaccinates” the system by evolving antibodies as finite state transducers to detect attacks; this technique may allow the system to detect attacks with features similar to known attacks. Initial testing indicates that the algorithm performs satisfactorily in generating finite state transducers capable of detecting attacks.
TRAF1 Gene Polymorphism Correlates with the Titre of Gp210 Antibody in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Background. Polymorphisms of TRAF1 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1) are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Whether TRAF1 polymorphisms confer increased risk for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), an autoimmune liver disease which can co-exist with RA, is unknown. Aim of the Study. To assess the frequency of the RA-conferring susceptibility TRAF1 polymorphisms rs3761847 and rs2900180 in a cohort of PBC patients. The association of TRAF1 polymorphisms with clinical features and autoantibody markers was also analyzed. Methods. We studied 179 PBC patients and 300 controls. Samples were genotyped for TRAF1 gene polymorphisms by real-time PCR. Autoantibodies were tested by ELISA. Results. The frequency of rs3761847 and rs2900180 polymorphisms did not differ between patients and controls. Laboratory or clinical features were not associated with specific polymorphisms. Gp210 autoantibody titres were conspicuously higher among GG homozygotes of rs3761847 as compared with AA homozygotes (P = 0.02). In contrast, antichromatin titers were higher in AA compared to GG rs3761847 homozygotes (P = 0.04). Rheumatoid factor IgG titres were significantly higher in rs2900180 TT homozygotes than CC homozygotes (P = 0.02). Conclusions. TRAF1 polymorphisms occur with the similar frequency in PBC patients and in the general population, but their presence is probably involved in the regulation of specific PBC-related autoantibodies.
Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade

This acclaimed history of Portuguese and Brazilian slaving in the southern Atlantic is now available in paperback. With extraordinary skill, Joseph C. Miller explores the complex relationships among the separate economies of Africa, Europe, and the South Atlantic that collectively supported the slave trade. He places the grim history of the trade itself within the context of the rise of merchant capitalism in the eighteenth century. Throughout, Miller illuminates the experiences of the slaves themselves, reconstructing what can be known of their sufferings at the hands of their buyers and sellers. "
Structure-Function of Falcipains: Malarial Cysteine Proteases

Evidence indicates that cysteine proteases play essential role in malaria parasites; therefore an obvious area of investigation is the inhibition of these enzymes to treat malaria. Studies with cysteine protease inhibitors and manipulating cysteine proteases genes have suggested a role for cysteine proteases in hemoglobin hydrolysis. The best characterized Plasmodium cysteine proteases are falcipains, which are papain family enzymes. Falcipain-2 and falcipain-3 are major hemoglobinases of P. falciparum. Structural and functional analysis of falcipains showed that they have unique domains including a refolding domain and a hemoglobin binding domain. Overall, the complexes of falcipain-2 and falcipain-3 with small and macromolecular inhibitors provide structural insight to facilitate the design or modification of effective drug treatment against malaria. Drug development targeting falcipains should be aided by a strong foundation of biochemical and structural studies.
Monetary Policy, Velocity, and the Equity Premium

We develop a DSGE model in which monetary policy generates endogenous movements in risk. The key feature of our model is that households rebalance their financial portfolio allocations infrequently, as they face a fixed cost of transferring cash across accounts. We show that the model can account for the mean returns on equity and the risk-free rate,and generates countercyclical movements in the equity premium that help explain the response of stock prices to monetary shocks. While stimulative monetary policy can lower risk in equity markets, it is also associated with higher inflation expectations and inflation risk premia. The model gives rise to periods in which the zero lower bound constraint on the nominal interest rate binds and demand for liquidity jumps, leading to procyclical movements in velocity.