Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic control speed of vehicles near schools and colleges

Presently, accidents are increasing because people drive very quickly, therefore we have lost important lives as a result of simple driving errors near schools, colleges, and hospital zones. So, the highway authority has placed signboards in such spots to prevent similar accidents and notify drivers and manage their vehicle speed. However, it is sometimes possible to see that type of signboard, and there is a risk of an accident. The major aim of this project is to create a smart display controller that can control the vehicle's speed to prevent road accidents caused by vehicles driving too fast in an area where it is prohibited. The project is composed of two components: a transmitter unit (zone status) and a receiver unit for speed display and control. A transmitter unit is a wireless type (HC-12 wireless transceiver module), which sends signals and controls the vehicle’s receiver unit (HC-12 wireless transceiver module). A receiver unit receives data from the transmitter and analyzes the data. The controller automatically reduces the vehicle’s speed to the specified speed due to the data transfer from the transmitter to the receiver. This project supports many sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially the fourth goal "quality education" and the ninth goal industry, innovation, and infrastructure ".
An X-ray method for detecting substructure in galaxy clusters - Application to Perseus, A2256, Centaurus, Coma, and Sersic 40/6

We use the moments of the X-ray surface brightness distribution to constrain the dynamical state of a galaxy cluster. Using X-ray observations from the Einstein Observatory IPC, we measure the first moment FM, the ellipsoidal orientation angle, and the axial ratio at a sequence of radii in the cluster. We argue that a significant variation in the image centroid FM as a function of radius is evidence for a nonequilibrium feature in the intracluster medium (ICM) density distribution. In simple terms, centroid shifts indicate that the center of mass of the ICM varies with radius. This variation is a tracer of continuing dynamical evolution. For each cluster, we evaluate the significance of variations in the centroid of the IPC image by computing the same statistics on an ensemble of simulated cluster images. In producing these simulated images we include X-ray point source emission, telescope vignetting, Poisson noise, and characteristics of the IPC. Application of this new method to five Abell clusters reveals that the core of each one has significant substructure. In addition, we find significant variations in the orientation angle and the axial ratio for several of the clusters.
Storage stability of anti-Salmonella Typhimurium immunoglobulin Y in immunized quail eggs stored at 4Â°C

Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgYs) are extensively used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostic purposes. Oral immunotherapy with specific IgYs is established as an efficient alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy in human and animals. Storing immunized eggs in refrigerator for a period of time could provide an inexpensive and convenient source of large volumes of specific antibodies. This study investigated the storage stability of anti- Salmonella Typhimurium IgYs in immunized quail egg yolks at 4Â°C over a period of more than 6 months. Salmonella spp. -free female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were intramuscularly immunized whit Salmonella Typhimurium whole bacterial suspension (1.0Ã—109 CFU/ml) emulsified with Freund adjuvants. During a period of 10 days after final immunization, eggs from each group were collected, randomized and stored at 4Â°C over a period of 200 days. Egg yolk IgY titer and specificity were determined using ELISA technique. S. Typhimurium specific IgY antibodies were detected in immunized quails and were significantly higher than the control group which confirmed the immunization procedure. Eggs from immunized quails can be collected and stored in 4Â°C refrigerator over a period of 2 months without any concern about the antibody degradation. After 80 days of storage at 4Â°C, although lower antibody titer was obtained in comparison to the first of study, anti-S. Typhimurium IgY level remained stable up to the 6 months without more significant declining. This trend will provide economical sources of polyclonal antibodies through reducing the number of immunized animals, management expenses and housing costs.
Type 2C Protein Phosphatases MoPtc5 and MoPtc7 Are Crucial for Multiple Stress Tolerance, Conidiogenesis and Pathogenesis of Magnaporthe oryzae

Protein kinases and phosphatases catalyze the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of their protein substrates, respectively, and these are important mechanisms in cellular signal transduction. The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae possesses 6 protein phosphatases of type 2C class, including MoPtc1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8. However, only very little is known about the roles of these phosphatases in filamentous fungi. Here in, we deployed genetics and molecular biology techniques to identify, characterize and establish the roles of MoPtc5 and MoPtc7 in M. oryzae development and pathogenicity. We found that during pathogen-host interaction, MoPTC7 is differentially expressed. Double deletion of MoPTC7 and MoPTC5 suppressed the fungal vegetative growth, altered its cell wall integrity and reduced its virulence. The two genes were found indispensable for stress tolerance in the phytopathogen. We also demonstrated that disruption of any of the two genes highly affected appressorium turgor generation and Mps1 and Osm1 phosphorylation levels. Lastly, we demonstrated that both MoPtc5 and MoPtc7 are localized to mitochondria of different cellular compartments in the blast fungus. Taken together, our study revealed synergistic coordination of M. oryzae development and pathogenesis by the type 2C protein phosphatases.
Design of stability and performance robust fuzzy logic gain scheduler for nuclear steam generators

A robust fuzzy logic gain scheduler (robust FLGS) is designed, based on the synthesis of fuzzy logic inference and the H/sub /spl infin// technique. The robust FLGS has a set of robust control gains in a gain pool. The fuzzy inference engine chooses one of the most desirable control gains considering the steam generator (S/G) operating condition. The robust gains in the gain pool are obtained by the time-domain H/sub /spl infin//-control technique such that both of the weighted H/sub /spl infin// norms of two transfer functions are minimized: the transfer functions between the steam flow disturbance and the mass capacity portion of S/G level, and the reverse dynamics of S/G. The FLGS rules are automatically generated using a genetic algorithm (GA). The GA gives a set of the gain scheduling rules that reflect given performance design specifications well. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed controller shows both guaranteed stability and good performance in terms of small overshoot and fast settling time in spite of S/G parameter variations and steam flow disturbances.
Preparation of micro-nano particles modified discarded face-mask by a versatile thermocompression modification approach and its application to emulsion separation

ABSTRACT The discarded face mask has caused plastic pollution, which damages the environment. From the perspective of environmental protection and energy-saving, it is a good method to modify the discarded face mask and apply it in other fields, such as emulsion separation. However, the polypropylene (PP) membrane is hard to be modified due to its high stability. To solve this problem, the nano-Al2O3 powder was used to modify the PP membranes by a versatile thermocompression method. The modified PP membrane (PP-Al2O3-0.05) exhibited better oil-in-water emulsion separation performance than the original PP membrane. The modified PP membrane can be used to separate many kinds of emulsions, and the separation flux was above 2200 L•m−2•h−1. And the continuous separation performance of the modified PP membrane was also favorable. Moreover, to verify the versatility of the thermocompression technology, different kinds of materials were applied to modify the PP membrane by this method. We believe that the simple method has practical applications for reusing discarded face masks to alleviate environmental pressure.
Dynamics of Biot squirt-flow

The numerical results confirm that Biot theory predicts the squirt-flow attenuation mechanism for heterogeneous materials with no modifications to his original theory. The size of inhomogeneities must be larger than the average pore radius. It is found that the relaxation of pressure gradients among the various porous regions is attained through viscous flows generated not only by differential changes in volume but also by rotation of the fluid phase. The results also indicate that the squirt-flow mechanism and slow-waves are equivalent phenomena as they represent different aspects of diffusion of viscous fluids. Therefore, the phenomenon observed depends on which field variable is being analyzed.
A D/BEM approach to the transient response analysis of elastoplastic plates with internal supports

A boundary element method for solving problems dealing with the dynamic analysis of thin elastoplastic flexural plates of arbitrary geometry and conditions inside the domain is proposed here. All possible edge boundary conditions, with any interior support conditions, such as isolated points (columns), lines (walls) or regions (patches) can be treated. The formulation by using the static fundamental solution of the problem leads to a system of boundary integral equations involving values of the layers along the edge. The solution of the problem with interior support conditions is achieved by an elimination of the unknown boundary layers. Subsequently, a descritization leads to a system of simultaneous algebraic equations which is solved numerically. A step‐by‐step time integration algorithm is employed to evaluate the dynamic inelastic response of the plate. Several examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Spectral Efficiency of Precoded 5G-NR in Single and Multi-User Scenarios under Imperfect Channel Knowledge: A Comprehensive Guide for Implementation

Digital precoding techniques have been widely applied in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to enhance spectral efficiency (SE) which is crucial in 5G New Radio (NR). Therefore, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed codebook-based MIMO precoding strategies to achieve a good trade-off between performance, complexity, and signal overhead. This paper aims to evaluate the performance bounds in SE achieved by the 5G-NR precoding matrices in single-user (SU) and multi-user (MU) MIMO systems, namely Type I and Type II, respectively. The implementation of these codebooks is covered providing a comprehensive guide with a detailed analysis. The performance of the 5G-NR precoder is compared with theoretical precoding techniques such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and block-diagonalization to quantify the margin of improvement of the standardized methods. Several configurations of antenna arrays, number of antenna ports, and parallel data streams are considered for simulations. Moreover, the effect of channel estimation errors on the system performance is analyzed in both SU and MU-MIMO cases. For a realistic framework, the SE values are obtained for a practical deployment based on a clustered delay line (CDL) channel model. These results provide valuable insights for system designers about the implementation and performance of the 5G-NR precoding matrices.
The ASTRI SST-2M prototype: camera design

ASTRI is an Flagship Project led by the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics, INAF, strictly linked to the development of the ambitious Cherenkov Telescope Array, CTA. Primary goal of the ASTRI project is the design, production, installation and calibration of an end-to-end Small Size Telescope prototype, devoted to the investigation of the highest gamma-ray energy band, from a fraction of TeV up to 100 TeV and beyond. The telescope, named ASTRI SST-2M, is mainly characterized by an optical system in dual-mirror configuration and by a modular camera at the curved focal surface composed of a matrix of Silicon Photo-Multipliers photo-sensors. In this paper we present an overview of the mechanical, thermal and electrical concept design of the camera and of the related technological solutions adopted for the ASTRI SST-2M prototype.
The non-LTE excitation/ionization code GALAXY

In this paper we describe the computer code GALAXY which calculates the excitation and ionization of a plasma, including the effect of the radiation field, whether incident on the plasma or generated internally through the optical depth of the lines. In the absence of atomic data provided by the user, GALAXY calculates energy levels and the electron collisional and radiative rates which link them, using simple scaled-hydrogenic expressions. For relatively highly ionized systems this approach is found to be sufficiently accurate to be useful in studies of high-power laser-produced plasmas.
Desiccation Stress Tolerance in Porphyra and Pyropia Species: A Latitudinal Analysis along the Chilean Coast

One of the most important factors regulating the distribution and abundance of seaweeds is desiccation, triggered mainly by tidal changes and climatic variation. Porphyra and Pyropia species have evolved multiple strategies to tolerate desiccation stress; however, how these tolerance strategies differ in these species inhabiting different latitudes is still unknown. In this context, we analyzed, in situ, the physiological responses of these species (collected from 18° S to 41° S along the Chilean coast) to desiccation stress using biochemical and molecular analyses. The hyper-arid terrestrial climate of northern Chile, with high evaporation and lack of constant rain determines a very steep increase in desiccation stress in the upper intertidal during low tide for these species. Accordingly, the results showed that, in comparison with the southernmost populations, the Porphyra/Pyropia species from the north zone of Chile (18°–30° S) exhibited higher contents of lipoperoxide and carbonyls (1.6–1.9 fold) together with higher enzymatic activities, including ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxiredoxin, and thioredoxin (2–3-fold). In addition, a substantial expression of cat, prx, and trx transcripts during desiccation was demonstrated, mainly in the northernmost populations. These results provide evidence of (i) significant activation of antioxidant enzymes and transcripts (principally cat and prx); (ii) participation of phenolic antioxidant compounds as a highly plastic physiological strategy to cope with desiccation; and (iii) the activation of the tolerance responses was affected by species latitudinal distribution. Thus, for the first time, this study integrated the biochemical and genetic responses of diverse Porphyra/Pyropia species to better understand their physiological dynamics of tolerance over a wide latitudinal range.
RNA Sequencing indicates gene expression changes in Silene sendtneri seeds after seed priming with silicic acid

To improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlaying seed priming, RNA transcriptome analysis was performed using primed and non-primed seeds of Silene sendtneri. Seed priming was performed by submergence in 1% silicic acid for 24h at 4°C, followed by rinsing with sterilised water and desiccation to original moisture content. Silene sendtneri is a species with no sequenced genome and annotation of de novo assembly of transcriptome was done against several species. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that genes related to heavy metal transporters and heat shock proteins are differentially expressed after priming with silicic acid. Within these gene categories, genes such as heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein 26-like (log2fold -8.79) were downregulated, while others such as heavy metal ATPase 5 (log2fold 6.46), heat shock factor protein HSF30-like isoform X1 (log2fold 5.98) were upregulated.
The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report WGIII climate assessment of mitigation pathways: from emissions to global temperatures

Abstract. While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) physical science reports usually assess a handful of future scenarios, the Working Group III contribution on climate mitigation to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6 WGIII) assesses hundreds to thousands of future emissions scenarios. A key task in WGIII is to assess the global mean temperature outcomes of these scenarios in a consistent manner, given the challenge that the emissions scenarios from different integrated assessment models (IAMs) come with different sectoral and gas-to-gas coverage and cannot all be assessed consistently by complex Earth system models. In this work, we describe the “climate-assessment” workflow and its methods, including infilling of missing emissions and emissions harmonisation as applied to 1202 mitigation scenarios in AR6 WGIII. We evaluate the global mean temperature projections and effective radiative forcing (ERF) characteristics of climate emulators FaIRv1.6. 2 and MAGICCv7.5. 3 and use the CICERO simple climate model (CICERO-SCM) for sensitivity analysis. We discuss the implied overshoot severity of the mitigation pathways using overshoot degree years and look at emissions and temperature characteristics of scenarios compatible with one possible interpretation of the Paris Agreement. We find that the lowest class of emissions scenarios that limit global warming to “1.5 ∘C (with a probability of greater than 50 %) with no or limited overshoot” includes 97 scenarios for MAGICCv7.5. 3 and 203 for FaIRv1.6. 2. For the MAGICCv7.5. 3 results, “limited overshoot” typically implies exceedance of median temperature projections of up to about 0.1 ∘C for up to a few decades before returning to below 1.5 ∘C by or before the year 2100. For more than half of the scenarios in this category that comply with three criteria for being “Paris-compatible”, including net-zero or net-negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, median temperatures decline by about 0.3–0.4 ∘C after peaking at 1.5–1.6 ∘C in 2035–2055. We compare the methods applied in AR6 with the methods used for SR1.5 and discuss their implications. This article also introduces a “climate-assessment” Python package which allows for fully reproducing the IPCC AR6 WGIII temperature assessment. This work provides a community tool for assessing the temperature outcomes of emissions pathways and provides a basis for further work such as extending the workflow to include downscaling of climate characteristics to a regional level and calculating impacts.
Screening of Discrete Wavelet Transform Parameters for the Denoising of Rolling Bearing Signals in Presence of Localised Defects

Maintenance scheduling is a fundamental element in industry, where excessive downtime can lead to considerable economic losses. Active monitoring systems of various components are ever more used, and rolling bearings can be identified as one of the primary causes of failure on production lines. Vibration signals extracted from bearings are affected by noise, which can make their nature unclear and the extraction and classification of features difficult. In recent years, the use of the discrete wavelet transform for denoising has been increasing, but studies in the literature that optimise all the parameters used in this process are lacking. In the current article, the authors present an algorithm to optimise the parameters required for denoising based on the discrete wavelet transform and thresholding. One-hundred sixty different configurations of the mother wavelet, threshold evaluation method, and threshold function are compared on the Case Western Reserve University database to obtain the best combination for bearing damage identification with an iterative method and are evaluated with tradeoff and kurtosis. The analysis results show that the best combination of parameters for denoising is dmey, rigrSURE, and the hard threshold. The signals were then distributed in a 2D plane for classification through an algorithm based on principal component analysis, which uses a preselection of features extracted in the time domain.
Combining digital terrain and surface textures with large-scale particle-based computational models to predict dam collapse and landslide events

Computational modelling of extreme rock and fluid flow events, such as landslides and dam collapses, can provide increased understanding of their post-initiation course. This can provide valuable insight into opportunities for designing mitigation strategies and to enable more informed management of such disaster scenarios. For the prediction of fluid-based geo-hazards, such as dam breaks, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is ideally suited to predicting the resulting complex highly three-dimensional free surfaces flows, which involve splashing, fragmentation and interaction with complex topography and engineering structures. For landsides, which are collision dominated flows of rocks, the discrete element method provides an ideal method for prediction. In all cases, the quality of prediction is controlled by the availability of high-quality digital terrain data produced typically by photogrammetry. Interpretation of simulation results is enhanced when photogrammetric-based surface textures are used in the surface renderings for flow visualisation. Advanced geo-hazard modelling therefore requires a close combination of both photogrammetry and particle-based modelling. Two case studies of dam breaks and one landslide event are used to demonstrate the level of prediction that is now possible using these combined methods.
Adaptive Switching Control Based on Dynamic Zero-Moment Point for Versatile Hip Exoskeleton Under Hybrid Locomotion

In this article, an adaptive switching controller based on the dynamic zero-moment point for versatile hip exoskeleton is proposed. The linear finite hysteretic state machine is designed to recognize hybrid motion phases. The torque planning strategy based on dynamic zero-moment point is deployed to obtain assistant torque adaptively under different locomotion. Experiments are carried out to verify the performance of the controller, confirming the stability and accuracy of the motion phase recognition, which also demonstrates excellent kinematic performance. The net metabolic rate can be reduced by 6.93% while wearing the versatile hip exoskeleton walking. The integrated surface electromyography can be reduced by 54.8% while wearing the exoskeleton lifting objects. Compared with existing research, the performance of the proposed controller has significant advantages. The proposed controller is capable of multiple types of locomotion, including flat walking, stair climbing, and lifting heavy objects with low complexity and energy consumption.