Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Know-how of Musical Performance

Musicians make music; that is, the performance of music involves applied knowledge or know-how. Can we attain a discursive understanding of what the musician does, and does the attempt to achieve this put at risk the very art it aims to capture? In other words, what can be said of the nature of performance and does what we say turn a living practice into a dead object? In this discussion, I aim to clarify the issues in terms of which these questions can be developed. Consider acquired practical knowledge or 'knowing how/1 It involves a learned skill or capacity to do something-typically, to perform an action-as in "I know how to ride a unicycle. "2 'Knowing how' can be subdivided into types. A first variety is always conscious. For most people, mental arithmetic is of this kind. It is not mental arithmetic they are doing if they do not follow an appropriate rule, algorithm, procedure, or principle, even if they fluke the right answer. Many practical skills are of this sort. I know how to fill in tax forms, immigration documents, and hire purchase agreements. In all these cases, the working of the skill and the steps through which it is exercised are held inevitably before my mind. A second type of 'knowing how' might be termed "retrievable. " I know how to drive a car. Most of the time, I am not aware of the processes, judgments, and procedures that are
Fear and the Preparation of School Leaders

An uncertainty has developed around the “core technology” of preparing educational leaders, making the general public question whether, in particular, university professors know what they are doing. This sense of ambiguity can also be found within the professoriate, where questioning of the knowledge base, standards, pedagogy, and university expectations have become a new norm, promoting reflexivity, uncertainty, and fear. Such uncertainty is neither healthy nor unhealthy in and of itself; the outcome depends in large degree on how it is fostered. In this article, we examine two contemporary reports that critique educational leadership preparation, viewing their critiques and recommendations as exercises of power within the context of late modernity. Using Nyberg's (1981) work on modes of power, Fraser's (1989) work on problem definition and contemporary work on the politics of fear (e.g., Glassner, 1999; Gonzalez & Delgado, 2006), we analyze the content of the reports and their impact.
Bacterial vs. zooplankton control of sinking particle flux in the ocean's twilight zone

The downward flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) decreases significantly in the oceanÂs mesopelagic or ‘twilight’ zone due both to abiotic processes and metabolism by resident biota. Bacteria and zooplankton solubilize and consume POC to support their metabolism, but the relative importance of bacteria vs. zooplankton in the consumption of sinking particles in the twilight zone is unknown. We compared losses of sinking POC, using differences in export flux measured by neutrally buoyant sediment traps at a range of depths, with bacteria and zooplankton metabolic requirements at the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series station ALOHA in the subtropical Pacific and the Japanese times‐series site K2 in the subarctic Pacific. Integrated (150‐1,000 m) mesopelagic bacterial C demand exceeded that of zooplankton by up to 3‐fold at ALOHA, while bacteria and zooplankton required relatively equal amounts of POC at K2. However, sinking POC flux was inadequate to meet metabolic demands at either site. Mesopelagic bacterial C demand was 3‐ to 4‐fold (ALOHA), and 10‐fold (K2) greater than the loss of sinking POC flux, while zooplankton C demand was 1‐ to 2‐fold (ALOHA), and 3‐ to 9‐fold (K2) greater (using our ‘middle’ estimate conversion factors to calculate C demand). Assuming the particle flux estimates are accurate, we posit that this additional C demand must be met by diel vertical migration of zooplankton feeding at the surface and by carnivory at depthÂ—with both processes ultimately supplying organic C to mesopelagic bacteria. These pathways need to be incorporated into biogeochemical models that predict global C sequestration in the deep sea.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating neuronal growth by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors TrkB and p75 regulate dendritic and axonal growth during development and maintenance of the mature nervous system; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. In recent years, several advances have shed new light on the processes behind the regulation of BDNF‐mediated structural plasticity including control of neuronal transcription, local translation of proteins, and regulation of cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of BDNF signaling in neurons to induce neuronal growth. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Repeated Erythromycin/Codeine-Induced Psychotic Mania

BackgroundMania is generally associated with bipolar disorder; however, it can be iatrogenic. For instance, antibiotics and corticosteroids can cause manic symptoms. Case ReportHere, we present a case of a young man who had symptoms of psychotic mania after administration of erythromycin and acetaminophen with codeine on 2 separate occasions, with rapid resolution of each episode. ConclusionsAdverse events of psychotic mania have been rarely reported with erythromycin and acetaminophen with codeine, despite these being commonly prescribed medications. Clinicians should be aware that these drugs may be an iatrogenic cause of psychiatric disturbances and that these adverse events are more likely to occur during their concomitant use.
Supplementary Document on Moment Shadow Mapping

In this supplementary document we provide information relevant to those who want to build upon our work. This includes technical details on the evaluation of candidate techniques, descriptions of Hausdorff 4MSM and TMSM, a lot of mathematical background and HLSL code listings for Hamburger 4MSM and Hausdorff 4MSM. A still more detailed discussion of most results can be found in [Peters 2013].
Disorders of Emotion: Questions About Clarity and Integration

Nevertheless, we do not find ourselves wholly persuaded by Barlow's model. Two major problems with the current formulation are a lack of clarity in the initial exposition and the doubtful or unclear validity of certain formulations that are clearly stated. In addition, despite Barlow's emphasis on the importance of complex causal models, and on the need to integrate both psychological and biological perspectives, we find his treatment of both these issues ultimately disappointing. We address each of these problematic features of Barlow's model.
How mass political attitudes affect democratization: Exploring the facilitating role critical democrats play in the process

For decades, scholars of political culture have held that mass political attitudes have a profound impact on the process of democratization. In studying this impact, an increasing number of political scientists have recently theorized that the level of democratization a political system reaches depends on the extent to which its political institutions meet citizen demand for democracy. In testing such theoretical models of democratic demand and supply, however, many political scientists have mistakenly equated democratic demand with citizen preference for democracy over its alternatives. In this study, we first argue that popular demand for democracy is not the same thing as democratic regime preference or support. Instead, demand for democracy arises from dissatisfaction with democracy-in-practice. By analyzing the fourth wave of the World Values Survey, we then demonstrate that the critical orientations of democrats promote democratic development more powerfully than do the two attitudes — democratic re.
Bounded Real Lemma for Linear Discrete-Time Descriptor Systems

Abstract Under some rank condition, a new version of bounded real lemma, which is expressed in terms of an admissible solution of a generalized discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation (GDARE) rather than inequality, is presented for linear discrete-time descriptor systems. When a linear discrete-time descriptor system is admissible, with the H∞-norm of its transfer matrix less than a prescribed positive number γ, a constructive procedure is also given to obtain an admissible solution of the above-mentioned GDARE.
Post-Hegemonic Climate Politics?

The article argues that the effects of a new US president on global climate politics will be rather less than might be expected. This is partly because the rhetorical differences between Bush, his predecessor Clinton and President Obama mask great continuities in US climate change politics since the early 1990s. It is also because, unlike in other issue areas, the EU has moved into a position of clear international leadership, which is likely to provoke diplomatic conflict, both for standard reasons of realpolitik but more precisely because of the different growth strategies pursued by each side and the different implications of those strategies for climate policy. Finally, the emergence of a dense pattern of transnational climate governance will increasingly constrain the options for either side in pursuing new climate change agreements after 2012.
Post-stroke depression: mechanisms, translation and therapy

The interaction between depression and stroke is highly complex. Post‐stroke depression (PSD) is among the most frequent neuropsychiatric consequences of stroke. Depression also negatively impacts stroke outcome with increased morbidity, mortality and poorer functional recovery. Antidepressants such as the commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors improve stroke outcome, an effect that may extend far beyond depression, e.g., to motor recovery. The main biological theory of PSD is the amine hypothesis. Conceivably, ischaemic lesions interrupt the projections ascending from midbrain and brainstem, leading to a decreased bioavailability of the biogenic amines – serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Acetylcholine would also be involved. So far, preclinical and translational research on PSD is largely lacking. The implementation and characterization of suitable animal models is clearly a major prerequisite for deeper insights into the biological basis of post‐stroke mood disturbances. Equally importantly, experimental models may also pave the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. If we cannot prevent stroke, we shall try to limit its long‐term consequences. This review therefore presents animal models of PSD and summarizes potential underlying mechanisms including genomic signatures, neurotransmitter and neurotrophin signalling, hippocampal neurogenesis, cellular plasticity in the ischaemic lesion, secondary degenerative changes, activation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and neuroinflammation. As stroke is a disease of the elderly, great clinical benefit may especially accrue from deciphering and targeting basic mechanisms underlying PSD in aged animals.
Community Governance and Pastorship in Shanghai: A Case Study of Luwan District

The current literature on Chinese urban studies and governmentality undertheorises the reform of local governance with regard to the activation and empowerment of community in China. Inspired by Dean’s and Sigley’s discussions of non-liberal or ‘Chinese governmentality’, this paper seeks to understand and conceptualise one of China’s most noted examples of community development, the so-called Shanghai model, using the Foucauldian concept of pastorship. Understood here as distinct from the notion of ‘advanced liberal’ governmentality, it is argued that Shanghai’s community governance depends on the governing concepts and technologies associated with the socio-political construction of the ‘pastoral’ relationship between local Party leaders and citizens. By focusing on the case study of Luwan district and one of its grass-roots community organisations (Wuliqiao Street Office), this paper will demonstrate the characteristics, institutionalisation and limitations of, pastoral governance.
ANTIFUNGALS FROM FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS: BIOSYNTHESIS AND REGULATION

A group of root-associated bacteria, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), intimately interact with the plant roots and consequently influence plant health and soil fertility. Among these PGPR, fluorescent psuedomonads occur commonly in the rhizosphere of plants and help suppress disease establishment and spread. Psuedomonads suppress soil-borne fungal pathogens by producing antifungal metabolites such as pyoluteorin, pyrrolnitrin, phenazines, and 2,4-diacetyl phloroglucinol. In addition, psuedomonads can indirectly suppress fungal pathogens by scavenging iron in the rhizosphere environment through the release of siderophores. Considering the global significance of antifungal metabolites in disease suppression and consequent applicability of psuedomonads in biological control strategies, biosynthesis and regulation of these molecules is discussed in this review to highlight new developments in the subject.
La criminalité au Canada et aux États-Unis : tendances et explications comparatives (1964-1978)

Citer cet article Waller, I. (1981). La criminalité au Canada et aux États-Unis : tendances et explications comparatives (1964-1978). Criminologie, 14 (1), 51–84. https://doi.org/10.7202/017131ar Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. [https://apropos.erudit. org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/]
Extensive frequency selective measurements of radiofrequency fields in outdoor environments performed with a novel mobile monitoring system

A novel, car based, measuring system for estimation of general public outdoor exposure to radiofrequency fields (RF) has been developed. The system enables fast, large area, isotropic spectral measurements with a bandwidth covering the frequency range of 30 MHz to 3 GHz. Measurements have shown that complete mapping of a town with 15000 inhabitants and a path length of 115 km is possible to perform within 1 day. The measured areas were chosen to represent typical rural, urban and city areas of Sweden. The data sets consist of more than 70000 measurements. All measurements were performed during the daytime. The median power density was 16 µW/m2 in rural areas, 270 µW/m2 in urban areas, and 2400 µW/m2 in city areas. In urban and city areas, base stations for mobile phones were clearly the dominating sources of exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:227–230, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intent to Stay in Teaching

LISREL ANALYSES WERE USED TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF WORK-RELATED VARIABLES ON TWO GROUPS OF SPECIAL EDUCATORS' INTENT TO STAY IN TEACHING. THE FINAL SAMPLE INCLUDED 658 SPECIAL EDUCATORS (159 TEACHERS OF STUDENTS WITH EMOTIONAL DISORDERS AND 499 SPECIAL EDUCATORS FROM OTHER SPECIAL EDUCATION AREAS). RESULTS INDICATED THAT FOR BOTH GROUPS OF TEACHERS, THE MOST IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF INTENT TO STAY IN TEACHING WAS WORKPLACE CONDITIONS. FOR BOTH GROUPS, JOB SATISFACTION HAD THE STRONGEST DIRECT POSITIVE EFFECT ON INTENT TO STAY AND ROLE-RELATED PROBLEMS HAD NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON INTENT TO STAY. PRINCIPAL SUPPORT INFLUENCED INTENT INDIRECTLY THROUGH ROLE-RELATED PROBLEMS AND JOB SATISFACTION. FURTHER, STRESS HAD AN ADVERSE INDIRECT EFFECT ON INTENT TO STAY THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION AND PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT.
Misconceptions about gene–environment interactions in psychiatry

Misunderstandings surrounding the study of gene–environment interactions are very common. Given the large increase in the number of studies examining interactions in recent years, this raises serious concerns about the value of time and resources spent in these endeavours. In this article we discuss why, despite frequent claims to the contrary, studies of gene–environment interactions are very unlikely to enhance our understanding of disease aetiology or prevention.
A Computational Framework for Vertical Video Editing

Vertical video editing is the process of digitally editing the image within the frame as opposed to horizontal video editing, which arranges the shots along a timeline. Vertical editing can be a time-consuming and error-prone process when using manual key-framing and simple interpolation. In this paper, we present a general framework for automatically computing a variety of cinematically plausible shots from a single input video suitable to the special case of live performances. Drawing on working practices in traditional cinematography, the system acts as a virtual camera assistant to the film editor, who can call novel shots in the edit room with a combination of high-level instructions and manually selected keyframes.
Virgin birth in a hammerhead shark

Parthenogenesis has been documented in all major jawed vertebrate lineages except mammals and cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes: sharks, batoids and chimeras). Reports of captive female sharks giving birth despite being held in the extended absence of males have generally been ascribed to prior matings coupled with long-term sperm storage by the females. Here, we provide the first genetic evidence for chondrichthyan parthenogenesis, involving a hammerhead shark (Sphyrna tiburo). This finding also broadens the known occurrence of a specific type of asexual development (automictic parthenogenesis) among vertebrates, extending recently raised concerns about the potential negative effect of this type of facultative parthenogenesis on the genetic diversity of threatened vertebrate species.
Effects of Student Gender and Socioeconomic Status on Teacher Perceptions

The authors examined experimentally whether student gender and socioeconomic status (SES) affect teachers' expectations of students. Participants were 106 teachers who read a scenario about a hypothetical student with academic and behavioral challenges. The authors systematically varied the gender and SES of the student to create 4 conditions. Teachers rated high-SES boys more favorably than low-SES boys, but low-SES girls more favorably than high-SES girls. Teachers perceived that low-SES students have less promising futures than do high-SES students. Findings suggest that teachers are likely to develop negative attitudes toward low-SES students in general, but especially boys. These preconceived attitudes may help explain why teacher efficacy tends to be lower in economically disadvantaged schools.
Carbon in catchments: connecting terrestrial carbon losses with aquatic metabolism

For a majority of aquatic ecosystems, respiration ( R ) exceeds autochthonous gross primary production (GPP). These systems have negative net ecosystem production ((NEP) = (GPP) - R ) and ratios of (GPP)/ R of <1. This net heterotrophy can be sustained only if aquatic respiration is subsidized by organic inputs from the catchment. Such subsidies imply that organic materials that escaped decomposition in the terrestrial environment must become susceptible to decomposition in the linked aquatic environment. Using a moderate-sized catchment in North America, the Hudson River (catchment area 33 500 km 2 ), evidence is presented for the magnitude of net heterotrophy. All approaches (CO 2 gas flux; O 2 gas flux; budget and gradient of dissolved organic C; and the summed components of primary production and respiration within the ecosystem) indicate that system respiration exceeds gross primary production by ~200 g C m -2 year -1 . Highly 14 C-depleted C of ancient terrestrial origin (1000-5000 years old) may be an important source of labile organic matter to this riverine system and support this excess respiration. The mechanisms by which organic matter is preserved for centuries to millennia in terrestrial soils and decomposed in a matter of weeks in a river connect modern riverine metabolism to historical terrestrial conditions.
The Impact of Board Composition on Firms’ Critical Decisions: A Meta-Analytic Review

To date, the results of agency theory-based research exploring the impact of board composition on firms’ critical decisions are equivocal. Through meta-analyses, this study reveals systematic relationships between board composition and six of the seven critical decisions examined. Interestingly, the results provide little support to agency theory’s predictions on the impact of board composition on critical decisions that involve a potential conflict of interest between managers and shareholders. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Subclassification of Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumors Based on Correlation of Histologic and Molecular Pathologic Data

Summary:Surface epithelial tumors are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are subclassified based on cell type and malignant potential. The objective of this review is to examine the correlations between recent molecular pathology data and the traditional histopathologic classification of surface epithelial tumors. By doing so, 6 distinct subsets of ovarian epithelial neoplasia can be identified with potential treatment implications 1. high-grade serous, high-grade endometrioid, and undifferentiated carcinomas; 2. low-grade serous carcinomas and serous borderline tumors; 3. mucinous carcinomas and mucinous borderline tumors of intestinal type; 4. low-grade endometrioid carcinomas and endometrioid borderline tumors; 5. clear cell carcinomas; and 6. transitional cell carcinomas.
Transforming Growth Factor (cid:2) Depletion Is the Primary Determinant of Smad Signaling Kinetics (cid:1)

A cell’s decision to growth arrest, apoptose, or differentiate in response to transforming growth factor (cid:1) (TGF- (cid:1) ) superfamily ligands depends on the ligand concentration. How cells sense the concentration of extracellular bioavailable TGF- (cid:1) remains poorly understood. We therefore undertook a systematic quantitative analysis of how TGF- (cid:1) ligand concentration is transduced into downstream phospho-Smad2 kinetics, and we found that the rate of TGF- (cid:1) ligand depletion is the principal determinant of Smad signal duration. TGF- (cid:1) depletion is caused by two mechanisms: (i) cellular uptake of TGF- (cid:1) by a TGF- (cid:1) type II receptor-dependent mechanism and (ii) reversible binding of TGF- (cid:1) to the cell surface. Our results indicate that cells sense TGF- (cid:1) dose by depleting TGF- (cid:1) via constitutive TGF- (cid:1) type II receptor trafﬁcking processes. Our results also have implications for the role of the TGF- (cid:1) type II receptor in disease, as tumor cells
Emotion, Cognition, and the Classical Elements of Mind

The scientific study of emotion faces a potentially serious problem: after over a hundred years of psychological study, we lack consensus regarding the very definition of emotion. We propose that part of the problem may be the tendency to define emotion in contrast to cognition, rather than viewing both “emotion” and “cognition” as being comprised of more elemental processes. We argue that considering emotion as a type of cognition (viewed broadly as information processing) may provide an understanding of the mechanisms underlying domains that are traditionally thought to be qualitatively distinct.
Organizational Culture: Origins and Weaknesses

This paper is a brief but critical survey of some theories of organizational culture. It outlines the theories of culture borrowed from anthropology by social scientists interested in 'complex organizations', and locates these theories in an historical debate regarding their 'proper' use. The paper argues the need for a conceptual distinction between culture and social structure, and asserts that the culture of organizational life cannot be analyzed in terms of a universal unitary concept. The argument concludes by suggesting 'conceptual tools' for interpreting culture — symbol, ideational systems, myth and ritual — and how they might be used in analysis.