Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequence of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium and Obligate Chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea

ABSTRACT Nitrosomonas europaea (ATCC 19718) is a gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph that can derive all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. Nitrosomonas europaea participates in the biogeochemical N cycle in the process of nitrification. Its genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 2,812,094 bp. The GC skew analysis indicates that the genome is divided into two unequal replichores. Genes are distributed evenly around the genome, with ∼47% transcribed from one strand and ∼53% transcribed from the complementary strand. A total of 2,460 protein-encoding genes emerged from the modeling effort, averaging 1,011 bp in length, with intergenic regions averaging 117 bp. Genes necessary for the catabolism of ammonia, energy and reductant generation, biosynthesis, and CO2 and NH3 assimilation were identified. In contrast, genes for catabolism of organic compounds are limited. Genes encoding transporters for inorganic ions were plentiful, whereas genes encoding transporters for organic molecules were scant. Complex repetitive elements constitute ca. 5% of the genome. Among these are 85 predicted insertion sequence elements in eight different families. The strategy of N. europaea to accumulate Fe from the environment involves several classes of Fe receptors with more than 20 genes devoted to these receptors. However, genes for the synthesis of only one siderophore, citrate, were identified in the genome. This genome has provided new insights into the growth and metabolism of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
Optimizing radar detection parameters using evolutionary algorithms

We present a framework for setting the detection parameters of a radar processor by use of evolutionary algorithms. The radar processor consists of a dwell coherent detector processing non-equidistant samples [1]. In order to focus on the framework fundamentals, the detector only provides two detection parameters determining the noise threshold and the post-processing clustering.
PageSim: A Novel Link-Based Similarity Measure for the World Wide Web

The requirement for measuring the similarity between Web pages arises in many applications on the Web, such as Web searching engine and Web document classification. According to the unique characteristics of the Web, which are huge, rapidly growing, high dynamic, and untrustworthy, we propose a novel link-based similarity measure called PageSim. Based on the strategy of PageRank score propagation, PageSim is efficient, scalable, stable, and "fairly" robust, and therefore is applicable to the Web. We present intuitions behind the PageSim model, and outline the model with mathematical definitions. We also suggest the pruning technique for efficient computation of PageSim scores, and conduct experiments to illustrate the effectiveness and specialities of PageSim
Mining actions from reports on flood

This paper focuses on mining in short reports that describe a situation in a given area and actions performed as reaction to that situation. Such texts are frequent in crisis management in situations like earthquake, fire or flood. For further analysis it is necessary to filter the relevant pieces of text. We found that common machine learning algo rithms fail for filtering such sentences. We describe a novel method based on inductive logic programming which yields in high precision and recall. This method has been successfully used for analysis of reports on flood in Central Europe in 2002. We also discuss different domain knowledge and also various natural language processing tools that we used for preprocessing the documents.
Three-dimensional simulations of an urban outdoor wireless channel by the block-FDTD method

Full three-dimensional simulations of electromagnetic wave propagation in outdoor environments with the FDTD method the giga-hertz frequencies (or even mega-hertz) are not viable with the ordinary computational resources available nowadays. In order to reduce the required computational resources, especially memory, and make such simulations possible to perform in an eight-nodes-Beowulf-cluster, an alternative implementation technique is proposed: block-FDTD method, called here B-FDTD. The paper contains details about the method and results obtained by software developed based on B-FDTD, showing effects caused by ground and by diffractions generated at the edges of the buildings that compose the outdoor environment (time and frequency domains). The analyzed environment is 30/spl times/30/spl times/8 meters and received fields are registered at different points.
Associations between Parenting Style and Parent and Toddler Mealtime Behaviors

Abstract Background: By the time a child is 24 mo old, 50% of parents report experiencing picky eating behaviors with their child. These behaviors include consuming an inadequate dietary variety, eating the same foods repeatedly, and an unwillingness to try either new or familiar foods. Previous research has established relations with regard to the impact of parent feeding strategies on child mealtime behaviors and how parent feeding strategies are influenced by parenting style; however, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated whether there is an association between parenting style and perceived child mealtime behaviors specifically related to picky eating. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a relation exists between general parenting style and both parent feeding strategies and perceived picky eater and non–picky eater (NPE) behaviors. Methods: Parents of 2- to 5-y-old children (n = 525) completed 2 online surveys: 1) the Mealtime Assessment Survey, which measures the frequency of parent and child mealtime behaviors, and 2) the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, which measures authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relations between parenting style and mealtime behavior. Results: Positive correlations were found between an authoritative parenting style and NPE behaviors, as well as parent mealtime strategies that promote positive eating habits. Authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were positively correlated with child behaviors associated with picky eating and parent mealtime strategies that can negatively influence child feeding. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a relation exists between general parenting style and both parent and child mealtime behaviors; however, the directionality of the relation remains unknown. The positive correlations seen within the authoritative parenting style with regard to NPE behaviors suggest the use of authoritative feeding methods to overcome feeding difficulties.
Performance Milestones in the Development of Expertise: Are They Critical?

Fifty-seven female netballers completed a training history profile to examine whether the achievement of performance milestones and/or accumulation of sport-specific practice were indicative of an athlete's level of expertise. Similar to previous research, results revealed that expert and developmental athletes accumulated a greater number of hours in netball-specific practice relative to the recreational participants, but did not differ in the number of sports played or hours accumulated in non-netball specific practice. Interestingly, some performance milestones were achieved by the expert and developmental athletes earlier than the recreational participants, however, the developmental athletes achieved a number of milestones at an earlier age than the experts. These findings are discussed in relation to contemporary models of skill development, namely deliberate practice (Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Römer, 1993) and the developmental model of sport participation (Côté, 1999) and the underpinning socio-environmental factors that may influence sport participation and subsequent development of expertise.
Evaluating Modern Clone Detection Tools

Many clone detection tools and techniques have been introduced in the literature, and these tools have been used to manage clones and study their effects on software maintenance and evolution. However, the performance of these modern tools is not well known, especially recall. In this paper, we evaluate and compare the recall of eleven modern clone detection tools using four benchmark frameworks, including: (1) Bellon's Framework, (2) our modification to Bellon's Framework to improve the accuracy of its clone matching metrics, (3) Murakamki et al.'s extension of Bellon's Framework which adds type 3 gap awareness to the framework, and (4) our Mutation and Injection Framework. Bellon's Framework uses a curated corpus of manually validated clones detected by tools contemporary to 2002. In contrast, our Mutation and Injection Framework synthesizes a corpus of artificial clones using a cloning taxonomy produced in 2009. While still very popular in the clone community, there is some concern that Bellon's corpus may not be accurate for modern clone detection tools. We investigate the accuracy of the frameworks by (1) checking for anomalies in their results, (2) checking for agreement between the frameworks, and (3) checking for agreement with our expectations of these tools. Our expectations are researched and flexible. While expectations may contain inaccuracies, they are valuable for identifying possible inaccuracies in a benchmark. We find anomalies in the results of Bellon's Framework, and disagreement with both our expectations and the Mutation Framework. We conclude that Bellon's Framework may not be accurate for modern tools, and that an update of its corpus with clones detected by the modern tools is warranted. The results of the Mutation Framework agree with our expectations in most cases. We suggest that it is a good solution for evaluating modern tools.
Lobelane Inhibits Methamphetamine-Evoked Dopamine Release via Inhibition of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2

Lobeline is currently being evaluated in clinical trials as a methamphetamine abuse treatment. Lobeline interacts with nicotinic receptor subtypes, dopamine transporters (DATs), and vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT2s). Methamphetamine inhibits VMAT2 and promotes dopamine (DA) release from synaptic vesicles, resulting ultimately in increased extracellular DA. The present study generated structure-activity relationships by defunctionalizing the lobeline molecule and determining effects on [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine binding, inhibition of [3H]DA uptake into striatal synaptic vesicles and synaptosomes, the mechanism of VMAT2 inhibition, and inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked DA release. Compared with lobeline, the analogs exhibited greater potency inhibiting DA transporter (DAT) function. Saturated analogs, lobelane and nor-lobelane, exhibited high potency (Ki = 45 nM) inhibiting vesicular [3H]DA uptake, and lobelane competitively inhibited VMAT2 function. Lobeline and lobelane exhibited 67- and 35-fold greater potency, respectively, in inhibiting VMAT2 function compared to DAT function. Lobelane potently decreased (IC50 = 0.65 μM; Imax = 73%) methamphetamine-evoked DA overflow, and with a greater maximal effect compared with lobeline (IC50 = 0.42 μM, Imax = 56.1%). These results provide support for VMAT2 as a target for inhibition of methamphetamine effects. Both trans-isomers and demethylated analogs of lobelane had reduced or unaltered potency inhibiting VMAT2 function and lower maximal inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked DA release compared with lobelane. Thus, defunctionalization, cis-stereochemistry of the side chains, and presence of the piperidino N-methyl are structural features that afford greatest inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked DA release and enhancement of selectivity for VMAT2. The current results reveal that lobelane, a selective VMAT2 inhibitor, inhibits methamphetamine-evoked DA release and is a promising lead for the development of a pharmacotherapeutic for methamphetamine abuse.
Response Cost and Reinforcement Contingencies of Managing the Behavior of Distractible Children in Tutorial Settings

The effects of differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) and response cost (RC) on the attending behavior of two distractible children were assessed in two case studies. In the first study, a seven-year-old learning disabled girl was initially rewarded for completing segments of her reader without looking away, then punished by the removal of a token contingent upon lookaways. Both contingencies were effective in reducing the frequency of lookaways although response suppression was slightly greater during the RC phases. Oral reading rates increased concurrently with the reduction in lookaways, and was highest during the RC phases. In the second case study, the same strategies were used with a ten-year-old, behaviorally disordered girl. The DRO contingency failed to control the frequency of her lookaways although the RC contingency proved successful. The differential effects of the DRO contingency in the two case studies were attributed to differences in the reinforcement schedules; the differential effect of the RC contingency was ascribed to the temporal precision with which it was administered.
Blind multiuser equalization for time-varying channels

We propose two methods for deterministic blind equalization of linear time-varying (LTV) channels with multiple users. Our approach is based on an LTI (linear time invariant) multichannel representation of LTV channels. With the first method, the multiuser channel is equalized up to an instantaneous mixture that is subsequently resolved by means of a POCS (projections onto convex sets) algorithm. The second method performs the entire equalization (including resolution of the instantaneous mixture) by means of a POCS algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of our methods.
Epileptic seizure behaviour from the perspective of Heart Rate Variability

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis has gained much importance in recent years, as a technique to explore the activity of autonomic nervous system (ANS), and an important early marker for identifying different pathological conditions. Epilepsy is a disease which progressively involves cardiac autonomic activity. Our studies indicate that time domain, frequency domain and some nonlinear measures of HRV would be able to provide valuable information regarding the autonomic dysfunction due to epileptic seizures. In this paper, we investigate the extracted features of heart rate variability for epileptic seizure detection and anticipation.
Call me loyal: Globalization, corporate nationalism and the America’s Cup

This study examines the relationship between sport, globalization and national identity. Specifically, the article focuses on how Team New Zealand’s 2003 America’s Cup campaign represents and reproduces the concept of corporate nationalism. Located within a critical cultural studies perspective the analysis uses a multi-method approach including textual and contextual analysis and semi-structured interviews with key media cultural intermediaries to examine a unique global-local nexus involving the ‘Family of five’ sponsors whose elective affinity set about to unite the New Zealand nation. The findings reveal that: a) both local and multinational corporations (MNCs) use sport as a vehicle through which to articulate their brands with national identity as part of a process of localization; b) the promotional culture of major sporting events such as the America’s Cup provides a platform for MNCs to (re)present, (re)produce and (re)construct national identity; and c) despite their strategic attempts to appropriate national icons and themes multinational corporations face resistance and national identity remains a contested domain.
An Improved Greedy Genetic Algorithm for Solving Travelling Salesman Problem

Genetic algorithm (GA) is too dependent on the initial population and a lack of local search ability. In this paper, an improved greedy genetic algorithm (IGAA) is proposed to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. This novel type of greedy genetic algorithm is based on the base point, which can generate good initial population, and combine with hybrid algorithms to get the optimal solution. The proposed algorithm is tested with the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is a feasible and effective algorithm in solving complex optimization problems.
Estudio exploratorio del impacto de la red social en el nivel individual de aceptación de sistemas empresariales

El presente trabajo tiene por proposito explorar el impacto de la red social en el uso de sistemas empresariales. Utilizando un modelo de aceptacion de tecnologias de informacion con base en TAM, se explora la red de relaciones sociales asociadas al uso efectivo del sistema empresarial. El modelo de investigacion incorporo las siguientes variables: normas sociales, ansiedad computacional, demostrabilidad de los resultados, relevancia para el trabajo, percepcion de utilidad, percepcion de facilidad de uso, intencion de uso y uso del sistema. En una muestra de 90 individuos se realizo un analisis SEM-PLS del modelo que incluyo los valores asociados a medidas de centralidad y densidad de la red. El modelo de investigacion y los resultados iniciales de este analisis se exponen en este articulo.
The critical space between: Access, inclusion and standards in information technologies

By examining the Canadian standards system, and especially the work of the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) related to accessibility, this article explores the question: can legislation and/or standards ensure access and inclusion for people with disabilities in the area of information technologies? And if so, what type is required? It argues that the standards system in Canada privileges the voices of industry while creating a discourse of public accountability and corporate social responsibility. This paradox leads to an undervaluing of the need for addressing issues of accessibility and inclusion in information technologies. By proactively seeking out innovators in the disability community and bringing them to the table, the CSA could open up the standards development discussions and find creative solutions to accessibility barriers. The principles of balanced representation and consensus decision-making open the possibility for discussions around standards that can effectively address access and inclusion of people with disabilities in the development and use of information technologies, but only if the systemic barriers to both individual and organizational participation are recognized and addressed.
Editorial to the Special Issue “Stem Cell Characterization Across Species”

On the way to successful clinical translation of stem cell therapies, the cell populations to be used must be clearly defined and characterized, which should comprise not only phenotypic but also functional properties (1). While this already represents a challenge in the context of human stem cell characterization, clinical translation often involves preclinical studies using autologous cells in large model animals such as sheep, pigs, or horses, implying that the characteristics of the respective animal stem cells should be equally defined. Furthermore, stem cell-based therapies are an important field in veterinary clinical medicine, requiring detailed knowledge on stem cells derived from companion animals. Detailed knowledge on differences and similarities of different stem cell types across species is therefore necessary not only for these applications but also to improve our understanding of developmental biology and disease etiology. However, despite its high relevance for multiple areas, comparative stem cell characterization across species is not without its own unique challenges and which has so far received little attention.
The Effect of 53 μm IR Radiation on 18 cm OH Megamaser Emission

OH megamasers (OHMs) emit primarily in the main lines at 1667 and 1665 MHz and differ from their Galactic counterparts due to their immense luminosities, large line widths, and 1667/1665 MHz flux ratios, which are always greater than 1. We find that these maser properties result from strong 53 μm radiative pumping combined with line overlap effects caused by turbulent line widths ~20 km s−1; pumping calculations that do not include line overlap are unreliable. A minimum dust temperature of ~45 K is needed for inversion, and maximum maser efficiency occurs for dust temperatures ~80-140 K. We find that warmer dust can support inversion at lower IR luminosities, in agreement with observations. Our results are in good agreement with a clumpy model of OHMs, with clouds sizes ≲1 pc and OH column densities ~5 × 1016 cm−2, that is able to explain both the diffuse and compact emission observed for OHMs. We suggest that all OH main-line masers may be pumped by far-IR radiation, with the major differences between OHMs and Galactic OH masers caused by differences in line width produced by line overlap. Small Galactic maser line widths tend to produce stronger 1665 MHz emission. The large OHM line widths lead to inverted ground-state transitions having approximately the same excitation temperature, producing 1667/1665 MHz flux ratios greater than 1 and weak satellite line emission. Finally, the small observed ratio of pumping radiation to dense molecular gas, as traced by HCN and HCO+, is a possible reason for the lack of OH megamaser emission in NGC 6240.
Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study.

PURPOSE To compare the response rate, efficacy parameters, and toxicity profile of oral capecitabine with bolus intravenous (IV) fluorouracil plus leucovorin (5-FU/LV) as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively randomized 605 patients to treatment with oral capecitabine for 14 days every 3 weeks or 5-FU/LV by rapid IV injection daily for 5 days in 4-week cycles. RESULTS The overall objective tumor response rate among all randomized patients was significantly higher in the capecitabine group (24.8%) than in the 5-FU/LV group (15.5%; P =.005). In the capecitabine and 5-FU/LV groups, median times to disease progression were 4.3 and 4.7 months (log-rank P =.72), median times to treatment failure were 4.1 and 3.1 months (P =.19), and median overall survival times were 12.5 and 13.3 months (P =.974), respectively. Capecitabine, compared with bolus 5-FU/LV treatment, produced a significantly lower incidence (P <.0002) of diarrhea, stomatitis, nausea, and alopecia. Patients treated with capecitabine also displayed lower incidences of grade 3/4 stomatitis and grade 3/4 neutropenia (P <.0001) leading to significantly less neutropenic fever/sepsis. Grade 3 hand-foot syndrome (P <.00001) and grade 3/4 hyperbilirubinemia were the only toxicities more frequently associated with capecitabine than with 5-FU/LV treatment. CONCLUSION Oral capecitabine was more active than 5-FU/LV in the induction of objective tumor responses. Time to disease progression and survival were at least equivalent for capecitabine compared with the 5-FU/LV arm. Capecitabine also demonstrated clinically meaningful benefits over bolus 5-FU/LV in terms of tolerability.