Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Candidate pathogenicity factor/effector proteins of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism, accelerate the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, and induce autophagosomes

The pathogenicity of intracellular plant pathogenic bacteria is associated with the action of pathogenicity factors/effectors, but their physiological roles for most phytoplasma species, including ‘Candidiatus Phytoplasma solani’ are unknown. Six putative pathogenicity factors/effectors from six different strains of ‘Ca. P. solani’ were selected by bioinformatic analysis. The way in which they manipulate the host cellular machinery was elucidated by analyzing Nicotiana benthamiana leaves after Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation with the pathogenicity factor/effector constructs using confocal microscopy, pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation, and enzyme assays. Candidate pathogenicity factors/effectors were shown to modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism and the ascorbate–glutathione cycle and to induce autophagosomes. PoStoSP06, PoStoSP13, and PoStoSP28 were localized in the nucleus and cytosol. The most active effector in the processes studied was PoStoSP06. PoStoSP18 was associated with an increase in phosphoglucomutase activity, whereas PoStoSP28, previously annotated as an antigenic membrane protein StAMP, specifically interacted with phosphoglucomutase. PoStoSP04 induced only the ascorbate–glutathione cycle along with other pathogenicity factors/effectors. Candidate pathogenicity factors/effectors were involved in reprogramming host carbohydrate metabolism in favor of phytoplasma own growth and infection. They were specifically associated with three distinct metabolic pathways leading to fructose-6-phosphate as an input substrate for glycolysis. The possible significance of autophagosome induction by PoStoSP28 is discussed.
Stereotypes in a polarised world and how they relate to mathematical identity

no Previous studies have indicated that men are stereotyped as more mathematical than women. Since these stereotype images have shown psychological effects—particularly for negatively stereotyped groups—it is relevant to ask how variables other than gender relate to mathematics. In this study, we examined how stereotype characteristics of gender, occupation, political views, and personality relate to mathematical identity. From statistical analyses of Comparative Judgement data, we show significant associations between mathematical identity and extreme stereotypes (related to occupation, political views, and personality). No significant association was found between mathematical identity and gender.
Arsenohopeite, a new zinc arsenate mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia

Abstract Arsenohopeite, ideally Zn3(AsO4)2·4H2O, is the arsenate analogue of hopeite, Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O (it is isostructural with α-hopeite). It was found as a single colourless to blue crystalline grain from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia. The holotype specimen is ∼1 × 1 × 1 mm in size. Arsenohopeite is associated with tiny white fibres of an unidentified Zn- and As-bearing phase. It is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a = 10.804(2), b = 19.003(4), c= 5.112(1) Å, V = 1049.5(4) Å3 and Z = 4. Electron microprobe analysis yielded: ZnO 44.92, Fe2O3 0.92, MnO 0.51, MgO 0.20, CuO 0.02, As2O5 45.84 (wt.%). The empirical formula is (Zn2.80Fe0.06Mn0.04Mg0.03)Σ2. 93(As1.01O4)2·4H2O, based on 12 oxygen atoms. Optically, the mineral is biaxial negative, with α = 1.598(2), β = 1.606(2), γ = 1.613(2) (white light) and 2Vcalc = 86°. It is not pleochroic or fluorescent. Arsenohopeite is translucent with a vitreous lustre. It is brittle, has an uneven fracture and (by analogy with hopeite) a cleavage that is perfect on {010}, good on {100} and poor on {001}. The calculated density is 3.420 g cm-3. The five strongest calculated powder diffraction lines are [d in Å (I)(hkl)]: 9.502 (100)(020), 2.926 (95)(241), 4.937 (50)(011), 4.110 (48)(230) and 3.567 (31)(240). The crystal structure of arsenohopeite has been solved by direct methods and refined in space group Pnma to R 1 = 0.0353. Raman spectroscopy confirms the crystal-structure data and indicates the presence of weak hydrogen bonds.
TREM2-H157Y Increases Soluble TREM2 Production and Reduces Amyloid Pathology

The p.H157Y variant of TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2) has been reported to increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. This mutation in the extracellular domain of TREM2 localizes at the cleavage site, leading to enhanced shedding. Here, we generated a novel Trem2 H157Y knock-in mouse model to investigate how this H157Y mutation impacts TREM2 proteolytic processing, synaptic function, and AD-related amyloid pathology. Consistent with previous in vitro findings, TREM2-H157Y increases the amount of soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) in the cortex and serum of mutant mice compared to the wild type controls. Interestingly, the Trem2 H157Y variant enhances synaptic plasticity without affecting microglial density and morphology. In the presence of amyloid pathology, TREM2-H157Y surprisingly accelerates Aβ clearance and reduces amyloid burden and microgliosis. Taken together, our findings support a beneficial effect of the Trem2 H157Y mutation in synaptic function and in mitigating amyloid pathology. Considering the genetic association of TREM2 p.H157Y with AD, we speculate TREM2-H157Y might increase AD risk through an amyloid-independent pathway, as such its effects on tauopathy and neurodegeneration merit further investigation.
The rise of Asia in a changing Arctic: a view from Iceland

Due to both the environmental impacts and the economic opportunities brought about by climate change, interest in the Arctic is rising in Asia. While there is a growing scholarship analyzing Asian interest in the Arctic, Iceland's reception to this interest has been under-studied. This paper explores Iceland's rising interest in the Arctic and its linked response to growing Chinese overtures toward Iceland and the region. Data were gathered from peer-reviewed literature, policy documents, popular media articles, participant observation at the Arctic Circle conference, and semi-structured interviews from October to December 2013 with a cross-section of Iceland's political, economic, and scientific elite. Results indicate that Iceland is trying to capitalize on the increasing global visibility and economic opportunities in the Arctic while working to ensure regional geopolitical and environmental stability. While Iceland generally welcomes Chinese overtures into Arctic political and scientific spheres, the response to economic overtures is more nuanced. Specifically, Iceland is trying to balance a desire for economic gains, Chinese investment in Icelandic industries, and an associated ability to ‘scale up’ economically with a perceived vulnerability to being dominated by a country which dwarfs Iceland in both size, power, and influence.
La fauna sarda durante l'Olocene : le conoscenze attuali

La storia del popolamento della Sardegna da parte della fauna terrestre deve essere considerata unitamente a quella della Corsica, dato che le due isole hanno costituito un blocco unico per lunghi periodi e comunque le successive ondate di popolamento da parte di specie continentali sono avvenute tramite ponti tra la Corsica e le isole dell’arcipelago toscano.
Fuzzy logic control based MPPT for standalone photovoltaic system with battery storage

Considering its favorable characteristics, photovoltaic energy is widely recognized as highly beneficial to the environment. To achieve continuous maximum output power across the PV system, an efficient control strategy is developed after studying several maximum power point detection (MPPT) techniques. Consequently, this paper presents a useful control technique for maximizing power extraction from PV systems under varying conditions. The paper focuses on the design of a fuzzy logic control (FLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system with battery storage. The FLC is employed to extract the maximum power from a PV module and integrate it with the battery to supply the load. The FLC offers advantages over conventional MPPT methods, such as accurate and rapid response to changes in environmental conditions, including solar irradiance and temperature. The PV system exhibits low total harmonic distortion (THD), making it ideal for household appliances, and can deliver 230 Vrms of single-phase output AC power. The system is designed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, incorporating a solar module, DC-to-DC converters, battery storage, and an inverter for supplying AC loads. Simulation results for selected test conditions are presented and discussed. The system performance is evaluated through steady state tests and dynamic tests in simulations.
Analysis of the Characteristics of NPS Runoff and Application of L-THIA model at Upper Daecheong Reservoir

Generation and transportation of runoff and pollutant loads within watershed generated eutrophication at Daecheong reservoir. To improve water quality at Daecheong reservoir, the best management practices should be developed and applied at upper watersheds for water quality improvement at downstream areas. In this study, two small watersheds of upper Daecheong reservoir were selected. The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model has been widely used for the estimation of the direct runoff worldwide. To apply the L-THIA ArcView GIS model was evaluated for direct runoff and water quality estimation at small watershed. And the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT) was used for direct runoff separating from total flow. As a result, the (Coefficient of determination) value and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value for direct runoff comparison at An-nae watershed were 0.81 and 0.71, respectively. And the value and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value at Wol-oe were 0.95 and 0.93. The value of BOD, TOC, T-N and T-P at An-nae watershed were BOD 0.94, TOC 0.81, T-N 0.94 and T-P 0.89. And the value of BOD, TOC, T-N and T-P at Wol-oe watershed were BOD 0.80, TOC 0.93, T-N 0.86 and T-P 0.65. The result that estimated pollutant loadings using the L-THIA ArcView GIS model reflected well the measured pollutant loadings except for T-P in Wol-oe watershed. With L-THIA ArcView GIS model, the direct runoff and non-point pollutant (NPS) loadings in the watershed could be analyzed through simple input data such as daily rainfall, land uses, and hydrologic soil group.
Multiscale Hydrologic Applications of the Latest Satellite Precipitation Products in the Yangtze River Basin using a Distributed Hydrologic Model

AbstractThe present study aims to evaluate three global satellite precipitation products [TMPA 3B42, version 7 (3B42 V7); TMPA 3B42 real time (3B42 RT); and Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH)] during 2003–12 for multiscale hydrologic applications—including annual water budgeting, monthly and daily streamflow simulation, and extreme flood modeling—via a distributed hydrological model in the Yangtze River basin. The comparison shows that the 3B42 V7 data generally have a better performance in annual water budgeting and monthly streamflow simulation, but this superiority is not guaranteed for daily simulation, especially for flood monitoring. It is also found that, for annual water budgeting, the positive (negative) bias of the 3B42 RT (CMORPH) estimate is mainly propagated into the simulated runoff, and simulated evapotranspiration tends to be more sensitive to negative bias. Regarding streamflow simulation, both near-real-time products show a region-dependent bias: 3B42 RT tends to overe.
Exploration of the Parameter Space in Macroeconomic Agent-Based Models

Agent-Based Models (ABM) are computational scenario-generators, which can be used to predict the possible future outcomes of the complex system they represent. To better understand the robustness of these predictions, it is necessary to understand the full scope of the possible phenomena the model can generate. Most often, due to high-dimensional parameter spaces, this is a computationally expensive task. Inspired by ideas coming from systems biology, we show that for multiple macroeconomic models, including an agent-based model and several Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models, there are only a few stiff parameter combinations that have strong effects, while the other sloppy directions are irrelevant. This suggest an algorithm that efficiently explores the space of parameters by primarily moving along the stiff directions. We apply our algorithm to a medium-sized agent-based model, and show that it recovers all possible dynamics of the unemployment rate. The application of this method to Agent-based Models may lead to a more thorough and robust understanding of their features, and provide enhanced parameter sensitivity analyses. Several promising paths for future research are discussed.
Acoustic emission induced by pore-pressure changes in sandstone samples

An understanding of microseismicity induced by pore-pressure changes in stressed rocks is important for applications in geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs as well as for CO 2 sequestrations. We have studied the triggering mechanisms of microseismicity (or acoustic emission in the laboratory) as a function of triaxial stress conditions and pore-pressure changes. In investigating the spatiotemporal distribution of acoustic emission activity in water-saturated triaxially stressed Flechtingen Sandstone samples subjected to changes in pore pressure, we assumed that acoustic events were triggered by pore-pressure increase. To estimate pore-pressure changes in the sample, we used an analytical solution of the 1D diffusion equation. A theoretical analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution suggested that for initially insignificantly stressed samples, acoustic events were triggered by the migration of a critical pore-pressure level through the sample. The critical level was controlled by the applied pore press.
Viscoelastic‐gravitational deformation by a rectangular thrust fault in a layered Earth

Previous papers in this series have been concerned with developing the numerical techniques required for the evaluation of vertical displacements which are the result of thrust faulting in a layered, elastic-gravitational earth model. This paper extends these methods to the calculation of fully time-dependent vertical surface deformation from a rectangular, dipping thrust fault in an elastic-gravitational layer over a viscoelastic-gravitational half space. The elastic-gravitational solutions are used together with the correspondence principle of linear viscoelasticity to give the solution in the Laplace transform domain. The technique used here to invert the displacements into the time domain is the Prony series technique, wherein the transformed solution is fit to the transformed representation of a truncated series of decaying exponentials. Purely viscoelastic results obtained are checked against results found previously using a different inverse transform method, and agreement is excellent. The major advantage in using the Prony series technique is that deformations can be computed for arbitrary time intervals. A series of results are obtained for a rectangular, 30° dipping thrust fault in an elastic-gravitational layer over viscoelastic-gravitational half space. Time-dependent displacements are calculated out to 50 half space relaxation times τa, or 100 Maxwell times 2τm = τa. Significant effects due to gravity are shown to exist in the solutions as early as several τa. The difference between the purely viscoelastic solution and the viscoelastic-gravitational solutions grows as time progresses. Typically, the solutions with gravity reach an equilibrium value after 10–20 relaxation times, when the purely viscoelastic solutions are still changing significantly. Additionally, the length scaling which was apparent in the purely viscoelastic problem breaks down in the viscoelastic-gravitational problem. Two independent length scales, one of which changes with time, are now seen to characterize the problem.
What do healthcare professionals want from a resource to support person-centred conversations on physical activity? A mixed-methods, user-centric approach to developing educational resources

Objectives Healthcare is a fundamental action area in population efforts to address the global disease burden from physical inactivity. However, healthcare professionals lack the knowledge, skills and confidence to have regular conversations about physical activity. This study aimed to: (1) understand the requirements of healthcare professionals and patients from a resource to support routine physical activity conversations in clinical consultations and (2) develop such a resource. Methods This study used codesign principles across two phases, actively involving relevant stakeholders in an iterative development process. The preparatory phase included a scoping literature review and workshops with multidisciplinary healthcare professionals and patients. The Delphi phase included the development of a draft resource, a three-stage modified online Delphi study and an external review. Results The scoping review highlighted the importance of addressing time restrictions, a behaviour change skill deficit, the need for resources to fit into existing systems and meeting patient expectations. Consultation included 69 participants across two clinical workshops. They recommended using the internet, valued guidance on all aspects of physical activity conversations and were concerned about how to use a person-centred approach. The Delphi phase, including 15 expert participants, met agreement criteria in two stages to develop the resource. Conclusion This mixed-methods study delivered an online resource that was codesigned with and based on the requirements of healthcare professionals and patients. The resource presents condition-specific ‘1-minute’, ‘5-minute’ and ‘more minute’ person-centred and evidence-based conversation templates on physical activity in an accessible and usable format to meet the needs of real-life clinical practice.
Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies

Objective Coastal drowning is a global public health problem which requires evidence to support safety initiatives. The growing multidisciplinary body of coastal drowning research and associated prevention countermeasures is diverse and has not been characterised as a whole. The objective of this scoping review was to identify key concepts, findings, evidence and research gaps in the coastal drowning literature to guide future research and inform prevention activities. Methods We conducted a scoping review to identify peer reviewed studies published before May 2020 reporting either (i) fatal unintentional coastal drowning statistics from non-boating, -disaster or -occupational aetiologies; (ii) risk factors for unintentional fatal coastal drowning; or (iii) coastal drowning prevention strategies. Systematic searches were conducted in six databases, two authors independently screened studies for inclusion and one author extracted data using a standardised data charting form developed by the study team. Results Of the 146 included studies, the majority (76.7%) were from high income countries, 87 (59.6%) reported coastal drowning deaths, 61 (41.8%) reported risk factors, and 88 (60.3%) reported prevention strategies. Populations, data sources and coastal water site terminology in the studies varied widely; as did reported risk factors, which most frequently related to demographics such as gender and age. Prevention strategies were commonly based on survey data or expert opinion and primarily focused on education, lifeguards and signage. Few studies (n = 10) evaluated coastal drowning prevention strategies. Discussion Coastal drowning is an expansive, multidisciplinary field that demands cross-sector collaborative research. Gaps to be addressed in coastal safety research include the lack of research from lower resourced settings, unclear and inconsistent terminology and reporting, and the lack of evaluation for prevention strategies. Advancing coastal drowning science will result in a stronger evidence base from which to design and implement effective countermeasures that ultimately save lives and keep people safe.
The occurrence of hypertetraploid and other unusual polyploid loaches Misgurnus anguillicaudatus among market specimens in Japan

Title The occurrence of hypertetraploid and other unusual polyploid loaches Misgurnus anguillicaudatus among market specimens in Japan Author(s) Zhao, Yan; Toda, Masakuni; Hou, Jilun; Aso, Mami; Arai, Katsutoshi Citation Fisheries science, 78(6): 1219-1227 Issue Date 2012-11 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/51004 Rights The original publication is available at www.springerlink. com; ©2012 公益社団法人日本水産学会 The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science Type article (author version) File Information second revise for Fish. Sci Zhao Yan.pdf
Morphological dating of cumulative reverse fault scarps: examples from the Gurvan Bogd fault system, Mongolia

SUMMARY We relate reverse fault scarp morphology formed by several earthquake dislocations to the average deformation rate, using a morphological dating model based on a diffusion analogue of erosion. Our scarp degradation model includes diffusive erosion during the interseismic period, the gravitational collapse of the coseismic fault scarp just after formation, and the variation of the surface rupture location. Interactions between thrusting and geomorphic processes acting on scarp morphology are analysed along the Gurvan Bogd Range in Mongolia. Four main processes acting on scarp morphology were distinguished: I) gravitational collapse of the frontal scarp, resetting the diffusive scarp if fault offsets are big and faulting is localized; 2) progressive erosion of the fault scarp during the interseismic period; 3) folding associated with the frontal thrust and backthrusts; 4) competing alluvial deposition on mountain piedmont slopes and abrasion of the fault scarp by wash processes. The growth of cumulative reverse fault scarps is suppressed when they are located in the outwash of major drainage basins. They can grow higher in distance from major catchment discharges. The modelling suggests that the morphology of the scarp and its apparent degradation stage, depend on the parameters controlling the amount of frontal collapse; the magnitude of coseismic offsets, the dip of the fault near the surface and the step distance between faults. Folding associated with thrusting creates a convexity on the upper part of the scarp and increases its height. The comparison of different scarp profiles suggests that folding leads to an overestimate of the morphological age. We estimate a diffusion coefficient at 3.3 ± 1.7 m 2 ka - l . Morphological ages calculated with our model confirm that slip rate along reverse faults of the Gurvan Bogd range has not been constant over the last 100 ka.
Modeling Single Diode PV using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Techniques

: The photovoltaic (PV) systems have grown in popularity in recent decades as one of the most cost-effective renewable energy resources that convert solar energy to electric energy. A reliable and accurate PV system model design is required to estimate the performance of a PV system before it is deployed. The proposed model is based on the single diode model (SDM), which gives a comprehensive simulation of the influence of irradiance and temperature on PV module parameters following the characteristics I-V or P-V requires of five parameters. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to characterize the equivalent accurate PV module is used to extract model parameters by finding the optimum solution. The approach of parameter estimation and evaluation and model assessment in Matlab. The simulation results show that the proposed technique works well for modeling both the solar cell and the module.