Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct approach for the fluctuation-dissipation theorem under nonequilibrium steady-state conditions

The test mass suspensions of cryogenic gravitational-wave detectors such as the KAGRA project are tasked with extracting the heat deposited on the optics. Thus these suspensions have a non-uniform temperature, requiring the calculation of thermal noise in non-equilibrium conditions. While it is not possible to describe the whole suspension system with one temperature, the local temperature anywhere in the system is still well defined. We therefore generalize the application of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to mechanical systems, pioneered by Saulson and Levin, to non-equilibrium conditions in which a temperature can only be defined locally. The result is intuitive in the sense that the temperature-averaging relevant for the thermal noise in the observed degree of freedom is given by averaging the temperature field, weighted by the dissipation density associated with that particular degree of freedom. After proving this theorem we apply the result to examples of increasing complexity: a simple spring, the bending of a pendulum suspension fiber, as well as a model of the KAGRA cryogenic suspension. We conclude by outlining the application to non-equilibrium thermo-elastic noise.
Kinetic theory of discontinuous shear thickening for a dilute gas

A kinetic theory for a dilute gas-solid suspension under a simple shear is developed. With the aid of the corresponding Boltzmann equation, it is found that the flow curve (stress-strain rate relation) has a S-shape as a crossover from the Newtonian to the Bagnoldian for a granular suspension or from the Newtonian to a fluid having a viscosity proportional to the square of the shear rate for a suspension consisting of elastic particles. The existence of the S-shape in the flow curve directly leads to a discontinuous shear thickening (DST). This DST corresponds to the discontinuous transition of the kinetic temperature between a quenched state and an ignited state. The results of the event-driven Langevin simulation of hard spheres perfectly agree with the theoretical results without any fitting parameter. The simulation confirms that the DST takes place in the linearly unstable region of the uniformly sheared state.
A Neural Network Lifting Based Secondary Transform for Improved Fully Scalable Image Compression in Jpeg 2000

This paper proposes a secondary transform to improve wavelet-based image compression schemes such as JPEG 2000. The proposed approach includes two neural network steps, a high-to-low step followed by a low-to-high step. The high-to-low step suppresses aliasing in the low-pass band by using the detail bands at the same resolution, while the low-to-high step aims to further remove redundant information from the detail bands so as to achieve higher energy compaction. We employ the same neural networks for these two steps at every level of the hierarchical discrete wavelet transform (DWT) decomposition. We demonstrate that the visual quality of the LL bands at different resolutions can be dramatically enhanced, along with greatly improved coding efficiency up to 2dB compared with JPEG 2000, while preserving the full quality and resolution scalability and spatial random access features of JPEG 2000.
Quantum friction in arbitrarily directed motion

Quantum friction, the electromagnetic fluctuation-induced frictional force decelerating an atom which moves past a macroscopic dielectric body, has so far eluded experimental evidence despite more than three decades of theoretical studies. Inspired by the recent finding that dynamical corrections to such an atom's internal dynamics are enhanced by one order of magnitude for vertical motion -- compared to the paradigmatic setup of parallel motion -- we generalize quantum friction calculations to arbitrary angles between the atom's direction of motion and the surface in front of which it moves. Motivated by the disagreement between quantum friction calculations based on Markovian quantum master equations and time-dependent perturbation theory, we carry out our derivations of the quantum frictional force for arbitrary angles employing both methods and compare them.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory - Contributions to ICRC 2017 Part III: Cosmic Rays

Papers on cosmic-ray measurements submitted to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017, Busan, South Korea) by the IceCube Collaboration Contents: 1 - Combined Analysis of Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy with IceCube and HAWC 2 - Search for PeV Gamma-Ray Point Sources with IceCube 3 - Search for diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic plane with IceCube 4 - A composition sensitive log-likelihood ratio for cosmic rays and gamma rays 5 - Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy with Seven Years of Data from IceCube and IceTop 6 - Sensitivity of IceCube Cosmic-Ray measurements to the hadronic interaction models 7 - GeV Solar Energetic Particle Observation and Search by IceTop from 2011 to 2016 8 - Impulsive Increase of Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux Observed by IceTop 9 - Performance of IceTop as a veto for IceCube 10 - Solar atmospheric neutrino search with IceCube 11 - High-Energy Atmospheric Muons in IceCube and IceTop
Organizational Innovative Climate and Employees’ Improvisational Behavior: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety and the Moderating Role of Creative Self-Efficacy

Drawing on a perspective grounded in social information processing theory, this paper investigates the mechanism through which organizational innovative climate affects individual improvisational behavior. We developed a theoretical model for analyzing our hypotheses and conducted an empirical study by analyzing data from 356 employees who work for service enterprises. Our paper finds that organizational innovative climate impacts employees’ improvisational behavior by triggering their psychological safety perception. It is also found that employee’s creative self-efficacy plays a positive moderating role in the relationship between organizational innovative climate and employees’ improvisational behavior. The results of our study assert that improvisation is not just an inherently individual phenomenon. Rather, it is also affected by the characteristics of the organizations in which employees are embedded. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding and promoting employees’ improvisational behaviors in the workplace.
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: JUSTIFICATION OF KEYNES HYPOTHESIS USING NIGERIAN DATA

Keynes advocated for an increase in the size of government spending, as the surest and easiest way an economy can overcome recession. Government spending is an exogenous variable and should be used as a policy tool or instrument for growth.This study attempts to test this postulation made by Keynes on public expenditure being an exogenous variable in the growth-public expenditure model, and as a growth driver, ascertaining its applicability to the Nigerian situation. Secondary Data was sourced and analyzed using a Vector Error Correction Model. Pre-estimation test was done to determine the stationarity and co-integration status of the variables. The VEC result showed that there is a no long run causality between government expenditure and economy growth, thus refuting the applicability of this Keynesian hypothesis in Nigeria. However, the short run test for causality affirmed that capital expenditure caused growth in the short run while recurrent expenditure does not cause growth in both the long and short-run. The study concluded that Keynes postulation of public expenditure being used as a tool for economic growth is not justified for Nigeria in the long-run but can be accepted in the short-run. It was therefore recommended that for the economy to experience rising growth over time which would spur them into economic development, government must increase the participation level of the private sector, and reduce its participation in economic activities to the barest minimum. Government should also channel its expenditure into ensuring peace and security of lives and properties, and provision of public goods. Keywords: Growth Driver; Keynes hypothesis; Nigeria; Public spending; Vector Error Correction Model.
Optical and Near-infrared Polarimetry of Non-periodic Comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina)

We present an optical and near-infrared (hereafter NIR) polarimetric study of a comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina) observed on UT 2015 December 17–18 at phase angles of α = 52. °1–53. °1. Additionally, we obtained an optical spectrum and multi-band images to examine the influence of gas emission. We find that the observed optical signals are significantly influenced by gas emission; that is, the gas-to-total intensity ratio varies from 5 to 30% in the RC and 3%–18% in the IC bands, depending on the position in the coma. We derive the “gas-free dust polarization degrees” of 13.8% ± 1.0% in the RC and 12.5% ± 1.1% in the IC bands and a gray polarimetric color, i.e., −8.7% ± 9.9% μm−1 in optical and 1.6% ± 0.9% μm−1 in NIR. The increments of polarization obtained from the gas correction show that the polarimetric properties of the dust in this low-polarization comet are not different from those in high-polarization comets. In this process, the cometocentric distance dependence of polarization has disappeared. We also find that the RC-band polarization degree of the southeast dust tail, which consists of large dust particles (100 μm–1 mm), is similar to that in the outer coma where small and large ones are mixed. Our study confirms that the dichotomy of cometary polarization does not result from the difference of dust properties, but from depolarizing gas contamination. This conclusion can provide a strong support for similarity in origin of comets.
Analysis of a Sputtered Si Surface for Ar Sputter Gas Supply Purity Monitoring

For sputter depth profiling often sample erosion by Ar+ ions is used. Only a high purity of the sputter gas and a low contamination level of the ion gun avoids misleading depth profile measurements results. Here a new measurement procedure is presented, which monitors these parameters. A Si sample is sputtered inside the instrument and then the surface concentration of the elements Ar, C, N and O is measured. Results of such measurements of an XPS microprobe PHI Quantum 2000, which were recorded over a period of 10 years, are presented.
Non-LTE aluminium abundances in late-type stars

Aluminium plays a key role in studies of the chemical enrichment of the Galaxy and of globular clusters. However, strong deviations from LTE (non-LTE) are known to significantly affect the inferred abundances in giant and metal-poor stars. We present NLTE modeling of aluminium using recent and accurate atomic data, in particular utilizing new transition rates for collisions with hydrogen atoms, without the need for any astrophysically calibrated parameters. For the first time, we perform 3D NLTE modeling of aluminium lines in the solar spectrum. We also compute and make available extensive grids of abundance corrections for lines in the optical and near-infrared using one-dimensional model atmospheres, and apply grids of precomputed departure coefficients to direct line synthesis for a set of benchmark stars with accurately known stellar parameters. Our 3D NLTE modeling of the solar spectrum reproduces observed center-to-limb variations in the solar spectrum of the 7835 {\AA} line as well as the mid-infrared photospheric emission line at 12.33 micron. We infer a 3D NLTE solar photospheric abundance of A(Al) = 6.43+-0.03, in exact agreement with the meteoritic abundance. We find that abundance corrections vary rapidly with stellar parameters; for the 3961 {\AA} resonance line, corrections are positive and may be as large as +1 dex, while corrections for subordinate lines generally have positive sign for warm stars but negative for cool stars. Our modeling reproduces the observed line profiles of benchmark K-giants, and we find abundance corrections as large as -0.3 dex for Arcturus. Our analyses of four metal-poor benchmark stars yield consistent abundances between the 3961 {\AA} resonance line and lines in the UV, optical and near-infrared regions. Finally, we discuss implications for the galactic chemical evolution of aluminium.
MUSE Integral Field Observations of the Oxygen-rich SNR 1E 0102.2-7219

Abstract We have observed the oxygen-rich SNR 1E 0102.2-7219 with the integral field spectrograph WiFeS at Siding Spring Observatory and discovered sulfur-rich ejecta for the first time. Follow-up deep DDT observations with MUSE on the VLT (8100 s on source) reaching down to a noise level of ~5 × 10−20ergs−1cm−2Å−1spaxel−1 have led to the additional discovery of fast-moving hydrogen as well as argon-rich and chlorine-rich material. The detection of fast-moving hydrogen knots challenges the interpretation that the progenitor of 1E 0102 was a compact core of a Wolf-Rayet star that had shed its entire envelope. In addition to the detection of hydrogen and the products of oxygen-burning, this unprecedented sharp (0.2″ spaxel size at ~0.7″ seeing) and deep MUSE view of an oxygen-rich SNR in the Magellanic Clouds reveals further exciting discoveries, including [Fe xiv]λ5303 and [Fe xi]λ7892 emission, which we associate with the forward shock. We present this exciting data set and discuss some of its implications for the explosion mechanism and nucleosynthesis of the associated supernova.
The Role of miR-155 in Antitumor Immunity

Simple Summary MiR-155 appears to be a significant regulator of immune responses against tumors. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of miR-155 function in distinct immune cell populations and describe how the miR-155-mediated regulation can impact the process of cancer immunoediting. Since miR-155 does not necessarily act only within a single cell, we also touch on the role of miR-155 in cellular communication. Finally, we discuss current developments in the specific targeting of this molecule in the tumor and immune cells and suggest its potential implications in developing novel therapeutic algorithms to increase the efficacy of cancer therapy. Abstract MicroRNAs belong to a group of short non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in the regulation of gene expression at multiple levels. Their function was described two decades ago, and, since then, microRNAs have become a rapidly developing field of research. Their participation in the regulation of cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell growth, and migration, made microRNAs attractive for cancer research. Moreover, as a single microRNA can simultaneously target multiple molecules, microRNAs offer a unique advantage in regulating multiple cellular processes in different cell types. Many of these cell types are tumor cells and the cells of the immune system. One of the most studied microRNAs in the context of cancer and the immune system is miR-155. MiR-155 plays a role in modulating innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in distinct immune cell types. As such, miR-155 can be part of the communication between the tumor and immune cells and thus impact the process of tumor immunoediting. Several studies have already revealed its effect on antitumor immune responses, and the targeting of this molecule is increasingly implemented in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of miR-155 in the regulation of antitumor immunity and the shaping of the tumor microenvironment, and the plausible implementation of miR-155 targeting in cancer therapy.
Variations in the X-ray eclipse transitions of Cen X-3

We report here an investigation of the X-ray eclipse transitions of the high mass X-ray binary pulsar Cen X-3 in different intensity states. The long term light curve of Cen X-3 obtained with RXTE -ASM spanning more than 5000 d shows strong aperiodic flux variations with low and high states. We have investigated the eclipse transitions of Cen X-3 in different intensity states with data obtained from pointed observations with the more sensitive instruments onboard ASCA, BeppoSAX, XMM - Newton , Chandra and RXTE . We found a very clear trend of sharp eclipse transitions in the high state and longer transitions in the low state. This is a confirmation of this feature first observed with the RXTE -ASM but now observed with much better clarity. From the light curves obtained from several missions, it is seen that the eclipse egress in the low state starts earlier by an orbital phase of 0.02 compared to the eclipse egress in the high state indicating that the observed X-rays originate from a much larger region. We have also performed spectral analysis of the post-eclipse part of each observation. From BeppoSAX observations, the out-of-eclipse X-ray flux is found to differ by a factor of ~26 during the high and low intensity states while the eclipse count rates differ by a factor of only ~ 4.7. This indicates that in the low state, there is an additional scattering medium which scatters some of the source photons towards the observer even when the neutron star is completely eclipsed. We could also resolve the three iron line components using XMM - Newton observation in the low state. By comparing the iron line equivalent width during the high and low states, it is seen that the width of the iron line is relatively large during the low state which supports the fact that significant reprocessing and scattering of X-rays takes place in the low state.
Observable estimation of entanglement of formation and quantum discord for bipartite mixed quantum states

We present observable lower and upper bounds for the entanglement of formation (EOF) and quantum discord (QD), which facilitates estimates of EOF and QD for arbitrary experimental unknown states in finite-dimensional bipartite systems. These bounds can be easily obtained by a few experimental measurements on a twofold copy {rho} x {rho} of the mixed states. Based on our results, we use the experimental measurement data of the real experiment given by Schmid et al.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 260505 (2008)] to obtain the lower and upper bounds of EOF and QD for the experimental unknown state.
Evaluation of the Effect of ACC Deaminase and Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria in Maize (Zea mays) under Heat Stress

Heat stress or global warming is a continuous temperature fluctuation that affects the environment and damage plant tissues because of the hormonal imbalances in plants. Yield losses resulting from heat stress are a major threat to global food security. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may be utilized to lessen this loss in yield. PGPB containing aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity can enhance plant growth that various abiotic stresses inhibit. This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharides producing bacteria on maize plants grown under heat stress. The stressed plants were kept at 45 °C, while non-stressed plants were grown at a temperature of 28 - 35 °C. In 45 days of the growing period under heat stress, the plant growth and activities were decreased, however, in the presence of PGPB (isolated from soil and plant tissues in Muzaffagarh, Pakistan) containing ACC deaminase activity, the plant activities and biomass were increased compared to their respective control. The ACC deaminase-producing bacteria played a significant role by enhancing the physiological activities of the plants like chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid pigments, and proline content. Enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (81 %), peroxidase (57.8 %), and catalase (50.27 %) were increased. The relative water content of the maize plants was increased in Treatment one (T1) with 300, and 200 % for non-heat and heat, respectively, while the control was having 220, and 200 % for non-heat and heat, respectively. Soluble sugar content was improved with T1 having the highest values (4,000 and 5,700 g/mol) for heat and non-heat, respectively. The control was having 900, and 2300 g/mol for heat and non-heat, respectively. The application of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria on maize can help to overcome the adverse effects of heat stress and help the plant to survive under stress condition. HIGHLIGHTS Heat stress is a continuous temperature fluctuation that affects the environment and damage plant tissues because of the hormonal imbalances in plants, and yield losses resulting from heat stress are a major threat to global food security This research work was carried out to assess the effect of ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharides producing bacteria on maize plants grown under heat stress The use of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria on maize can help to overcome the adverse effects of heat stress and help the plant to survive under stress condition GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Multi-label Classification for Android Malware Based on Active Learning

—The existing malware classification approaches (i.e., binary and family classification) can barely benefit subsequent analysis with their outputs. Even the family classification approaches suffer from lacking a formal naming standard and an incomplete definition of malicious behaviors. More importantly, the existing approaches are powerless for one malware with multiple malicious behaviors, while this is a very common phenomenon for Android malware in the wild. So that both of them actually cannot provide researchers with a direct and comprehensive enough understanding of malware. In this paper, we propose MLCDroid , an ML-based multi-label classification approach that can directly indicate the existence of pre-defined malicious behaviors. With an in-depth analysis, we summarize 6 basic malicious behaviors from real-world malware with security reports and construct a labeled dataset. We compare the results of 70 algorithm combinations to evaluate the effectiveness (best at 73.3%). Faced with the challenge of the expensive cost of data annotation, we further propose an active learning approach based on data augmentation, which can improve the overall accuracy to 86.7% with a data augmentation of 5,000+ high-quality samples from an unlabeled malware dataset. This is the first multi-label Android malware classification approach intending to provide more information on fine-grained malicious behaviors.
Schwinger-Dyson equation for non-Lagrangian field theory

A method is proposed of constructing quantum correlators for a general gauge system whose classical equations of motion do not necessarily follow from the least action principle. The idea of the method is in assigning a certain BRST operator ˆΩ to any classical equations of motion, Lagrangian or not. The generating functional of Green’s functions is deﬁned by the equation ˆΩ Z ( J ) = 0 that is reduced to the standard Schwinger-Dyson equation whenever the classical ﬁeld equations are Lagrangian. The corresponding probability amplitude Ψ of a ﬁeld ϕ is deﬁned by the same equation ˆΩΨ( ϕ ) = 0 although in another representation. When the classical dynamics are Lagrangian, the solution for Ψ( ϕ ) is reduced to the Feynman amplitude e i ~ S , while in the non-Lagrangian case this amplitude can be a more general distribution.