Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locally Restorable Routing of Highly Variable Traffic

Two-phase routing, where traffic is first distributed to intermediate nodes before being routed to the final destination, has been recently proposed for handling widely fluctuating traffic without the need to adapt network routing to changing traffic. Preconfiguring the network in a traffic independent manner using two-phase routing simplifies network operation considerably. In this paper, we extend this routing scheme by providing resiliency against link failures through fast restoration along link backup detours. We view this as important progress towards adding carrier-class reliability to the robustness of the scheme so as to facilitate its future deployment in Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks. On the theoretical side, the main contribution of the paper is the development of linear programming based and fast combinatorial algorithms for two-phase routing with link restoration so as to minimize the maximum utilization of any link in the network, or equivalently, maximize the throughput. The algorithms developed are fully polynomial time approximation schemes (FPTAS)-for any given isin > 0, an FPTAS guarantees a solution that is within a (1 + isin)-factor of the optimum and runs in time polynomial in the input size and 1/isin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in the literature that considers making the scheme resilient to link failures through preprovisioned fast restoration mechanisms. We evaluate the performance of link restoration (in terms of throughput) and compare it with that of unprotected routing. For our experiments, we use actual ISP network topologies collected for the Rocketfuel project and three research network topologies.
Noninvasive Imaging of Nanomedicines and Nanotheranostics: Principles, Progress, and Prospects.

Noninvasive imaging is used for many different (pre)clinical purposes, ranging from disease diagnosis, disease staging, and treatment monitoring to the visualization and quantification of nanomedicine-mediated drug targeting and (triggered) drug release. Noninvasive imaging can be employed to visualize and quantify how efficient passive or active drug targeting is in individual patients and, on this basis, to preselect patients likely to respond to nanomedicine-based chemotherapeutic interventions. In addition, it can be used to visualize the off-target localization of nanomedicines, e.g., in potentially endangered healthy tissues, which under certain circumstances might lead to exclusion from targeted treatment. Moreover, by systematically integrating imaging also during follow-up and by closely monitoring therapeutic responses upon nanomedicine treatment, clinical decision making can be facilitated and improved, as decisions on whether or not to (dis)continue treatment and on whether or not to adjust drug doses can be made relatively early on. Noninvasive imaging may be particularly useful in the case of metastatic disease. By subsequently performing PET or SPECT scans with radionuclide-labeled nanomedicines, information can be obtained on the accumulation of these formulations in both primary tumors and metastases, and treatment protocols can be adapted accordingly.
Occupational Cancer Epidemiology

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Experiences in a 3G network: interplay between the wireless channel and applications

We present an experimental characterization of the physical and MAC layers in CDMA 1xEV-DO and their impact on transport layer performance. The 1xEV-DO network is currently the fastest mobile broadband cellular network, offering data rates of up to 3.1 Mbps for both stationary and mobile users. These rates are achieved by using novel capacity enhancement techniques at the lower layers. Specifically, 1xEV-DO incorporates rapid channel rate adaptation in response to signal conditions, and opportunistic scheduling to exploit channel fluctuations. Although shown to perform well in isolation, there is no comprehensive literature that examines the impact of these features on transport layer and application performance in real networks. We take the first step in addressing this issue through a large set of experiments conducted on a commercial 1xEV-DO network. Our evaluation includes both stationary and mobile scenarios wherein we transferred data using four popular transport protocols: TCPReno, TCP-Vegas, TCP-Westwood, and TCP-Cubic, and logged detailed measurements about wireless channel level characteristics as well as transport layer performance. We analyzed data from several days of experiments and inferred the properties of the physical, MAC and transport layers, as well as potential interactions between them. We find that the wireless channel data rate shows significant variability over long time scales on the order of hours, but retains high memory and predictability over small time scales on the order of milliseconds. We also find that loss-based TCP variants are largely unaffected by channel variations due to the presence of large buffers, and hence able to achieve in excess of 80% of the system capacity.
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4G Is Targeted for Proteolytic Cleavage by Caspase 3 during Inhibition of Translation in Apoptotic Cells

ABSTRACT Although much is known about the multiple mechanisms which induce apoptosis, comparatively little is understood concerning the execution phase of apoptosis and the mechanism(s) of cell killing. Several reports have demonstrated that cellular translation is shut off during apoptosis; however, details of the mechanism of translation inhibition are lacking. Translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) is a crucial protein required for binding cellular mRNA to ribosomes and is known to be cleaved as the central part of the mechanism of host translation shutoff exerted by several animal viruses. Treatment of HeLa cells with the apoptosis inducers cisplatin and etoposide resulted in cleavage of eIF4G, and the extent of its cleavage correlated with the onset and extent of observed inhibition of cellular translation. The eIF4G-specific cleavage activity could be measured in cell lysates in vitro and was inhibited by the caspase inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO at nanomolar concentrations. A combination of in vivo and in vitro inhibitor studies suggest the involvement of one or more caspases in the activation and execution of eIF4G cleavage. Furthermore recombinant human caspase 3 was expressed in bacteria, and when incubated with HeLa cell lysates, was shown to produce the same eIF4G cleavage products as those observed in apoptotic cells. In addition, purified caspase 3 caused cleavage of purified eIF4G, demonstrating that eIF4G could serve as a substrate for caspase 3. Taken together, these data suggest that cellular translation is specifically inhibited during apoptosis by a mechanism involving cleavage of eIF4G, an event dependent on caspase activity.
Modelling the impact of cellular variation on flux through base excision DNA repair

Base excision repair (BER) is a pathway that repairs DNA damage inflicted by oxidative stress, certain alkylating agents, and spontaneous hydrolysis. Assays to measure the BER pathway are usually limited by being low-throughput, time consuming, and unable to measure each step of the pathway in addition to complete repair. The aim of the present work was to develop an assay format to overcome these limitations, and use this to develop a mathematical model to examine differences between cell types on flux through the pathway. A novel assay format was developed and optimised to measure uracil DNA glycosylase, AP endonuclease, DNA polymerase β, DNA ligase, AP site repair and complete base repair. Data was generated for each enzyme activity in HepG2, Caco-2, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the effects on the pathway were predicted using a mathematical model. In addition, the assay was used to examine variability in enzyme activity between the two cell lines, correlations between enzyme activities in primary human cells, and the effects of caloric restriction on BER in a human weight loss intervention trial. The model revealed marked differences in the response to aberrant uracil between the two immortalised cell lines and the PBMCs, with PBMC nuclear extract in general excising the base more slowly and causing a smaller and slower accumulation of harmful intermediates, such as abasic sites and single strand breaks, compared to the immortalised cell lines. The model underestimated complete repair when compared to the biological data for all cell types, potentially due to cooperativity between BER enzymes not captured when repair steps were measured individually under experimental conditions. There were also significant correlations found between enzyme activities in PBMC extracts from different individuals, and a significant predictive effect of weight loss method on polymerase β activity in the caloric restriction trial. In conclusion, the research described here uncovered novel information regarding the effects of weight loss on DNA repair, and correlations between BER enzyme activities in healthy volunteers. This is also the first work to compare BER profiles of different cell types using biological data and mathematical modelling.
EFFECT OF HEAVY TAILS ON ULTRA HIGH DIMENSIONAL VARIABLE RANKING METHODS

Contemporary problems involving sparse, high-dimensional feature se- lection are becoming rapidly more challenging through substantial increases in di- mension. This places ever more stress on methods for analysis, since the effects of even moderately heavy-tailed feature distributions become more significant as the number of features diverges. Data transformations have a significant role to play, reducing noise and enabling an increase in dimension, and for this reason they are increasingly used. In this paper we examine the performance of a typical transformation of this type, and study the extent to which it preserves the main attributes that lead to reliable feature selection. We show both numerically and theoretically that, in the presence of heavy-tailed data, the size of the dimension for which effective variable selection is possible can be increased dramatically, from a low-degree polynomial function of sample size to one that is exponentially large.
Optimized block-diagonalization precoding technique using givens rotations QR decomposition

The emerging 5G mobile communication standard aims to increase the throughput and, in the same time, to considerably increase the number of users serviced concurrently (Internet of Things). The key direction for achieving these requirements is to heavily extend the use of the spatial degrees of freedom, especially in the multi-user scenarios. Multi-User Massive MIMO (MU-MIMO) is one of the key technologies that responds well to the 5G needs. However, the use of MU-MIMO in the downlink direction raises the collaborative detection problem at the user side, thus the elimination of the inter-user interference becomes necessary. The paper presents a reduced complexity linear transmitter precoding technique that cancels the inter-user interference in a downlink MU-MIMO system. The reduced complexity is achieved through re-using as many low-level operations as possible. The method is suitable for implementation on any modern processor and proven to be scalable to a Massive MIMO scenario without any loss in performance.
Speech Translation System

In the conventional network type speech translation system can not be changed according to properties of the speaker's voice recognition device, or the model translation or speech synthesis, and therefore, in the process of speech recognition, translation or speech synthesis, the accuracy or the produce appropriate output. In the network-based speech translation system, according to the speaker attributes appropriately changed voice recognition server device or a speech recognition model, appropriately changing a server apparatus or the translation model translation, or suitably changed server apparatus for speech synthesis or speech synthesis model, whereby, in the process of speech recognition, speech synthesis or translation, the improved accuracy for proper output.
Dynamic Spatially Augmented 3D Painting

We presenttechniquesfor creatinga SpatiallyAugmentedReality for moving polygonalobjectsin an indoor environment,anda systemthat usesthesetechniquesfor painting in 3D on theseobjects in real time. By tracking theobjectandprojectingon its different surfaceswith twoor moreprojectors,our systemcreatesa dynamic spatiallyaugmentedversionof theobjectthat is registeredwith the realobjectasit moves.Alongwith modificationof thelighting and material properties,our applicationallows real-time3D painting onthesurfaceof therealobject.Eventhoughextensiveuserstudies for this applicationhavenot yetbeendone, theapplicationis new andcompellingenoughevenat theproof of conceptstage to warrant further exploration into this area to solveall of the problems encounter ed,particularly into theproblemof real-timeblendingof theprojectedimagesin theareasof projectoroverlap.
Pervasive SLA and Energy Aware Dynamic Virtual Machines Consolidation in Cloud Data Centers

The Cloud Computing (CC) model is also referred to as Pervasive Computing and proved promising by complicated automation, provisioning and virtualization technologies. The shifts to the computational demands results in greater power consumption, increased operational costs and high carbon emissions to environment. The challenge for the Cloud Provider is to deal with necessary requirement of power-performance trade-off by satisfying high Quality of Service (QoS) defined by Service Level Agreements (SLAs) while maximizing their profits. Out of several issues, Optimization of Energy consumption has gain extensive attention for enhancing the profit. Dynamic Virtual Machine (VM) Consolidation is potential approach for reducing energy consumption by dynamically adjusting the number of active machines to match resource demands and it is one of the most important challenges in the ubiquitous computing. The theme of this work is to propose the ‘Pervasive SLA and Energy Aware Dynamic VM Consolidation’ policy and provide the baseline for better performance and environment. By conducting a performance evaluation studies a comparative analysis of proposed and various existing energy efficient VM consolidation techniques are presented. For experimentation purpose, in CloudSim
Platelet Function in Uncomplicated Insulin‐dependent Diabetic Patients at Rest and Following Exercise

There are conflicting reports of platelet function abnormalities in diabetic patients without vascular complications. We have studied in vitro platelet aggregation, using platelet rich plasma and whole blood techniques, in 18 patients with uncomplicated insulin‐dependent diabetes and a matched group of 24 non‐diabetic subjects. In addition we measured plasma beta‐thromboglobulin levels in these groups, as an index of in vivo platelet activation, and compared the indices of in vitro and in vivo platelet function before and after maximal bicycle exercise. Before exercise plasma beta‐thromboglobulin levels and platelet sensitivities to ADP, collagen or adrenaline, as assessed by both methods of platelet aggregation, were the same in diabetic and control subjects. Both groups showed similar increases in beta‐thromboglobulin levels and in platelet sensitivity to all agonists in whole blood following exercise. Using platelet rich plasma there were no changes in platelet sensitivity in either group after exercise. In non‐diabetic subjects, increases in noradrenaline levels after exercise correlated with increases in platelet sensitivity to adrenaline in whole blood. This was not observed in the diabetic group. Abnormalities of platelet function, using the techniques described here, are not present in diabetic patients who do not have clinical evidence of vascular disease.
Innovation in the Treatment of Uremia: Proceedings from the Cleveland Clinic Workshop: More of the Same: Improving Outcomes Through Intensive Hemodialysis

The typical dialysis patient faces both a poor quality of life and a significantly shortened survival. This is often blamed on “uremia. ” However, defining the clinical entity of uremia is surprisingly difficult. It represents the clinical sequelae of the effects of retention products, other effects of renal disease, and the effects of other comorbid conditions. The list of retention products that could act as uremic toxins is lengthy, but it would appear that urea itself does not contribute significantly to the uremic state. Larger molecular weight substances are likely the major contributors to the uremic milieu. Regardless of the causes, the uremic state persists in many patients who are reaching their dialysis adequacy targets as defined by urea clearance. This raises the possibility that more intensive hemodialysis could improve patient outcomes. Hemodialysis can be intensified by increasing dialysis efficiency without changing duration or frequency. Alternatively, hemodialysis duration, frequency, or both can be increased. All intensification methods increase small solute removal, but the removal of larger molecular weight retention products depends more upon treatment time. Modalities such as short daily hemodialysis, long intermittent hemodialysis, and quotidian nocturnal hemodialysis have been associated with a variety of clinical improvements, as well as improvements in quality of life and a lower standardized mortality ratio. However, the HEMO study approach of intensifying small solute clearance without significant modifications of the dialysis schedule does not appear to be effective. Future research will help to define the optimal treatment duration and frequency in hemodialysis patients.
A horseradish peroxidase study of motorneuron pools of the forelimb and hindlimb musculature of the axolotl

Motorneuron pools innervating axolotl limb muscles have been investigated by using the retrograde neuronal tracer horseradish peroxidase. Four muscles in the forelimb (biceps, anconeus, flexor digitorum and extensor digitorum) and four functionally equivalent muscles in the hindlimb (puboischiotibialis, iliotibialis, flexor digitorum and extensor digitorum) were studied. Motorneuron pools were characterized by using four criteria: position in the rostrocaudal axis; position of the median in the rostrocaudal axis; number of labelled cells; position of cells in the transverse plane of the spinal cord. Each pool was uniquely defined by the four characteristics, although overlap was found between pools. Two types of motorneuron were found in each pool, distinguished on the basis of size, shape and position in the spinal cord. The first type constituted the majority of cells in a pool, and occupied different positions in the transverse plane for each muscle. The second type was less common and always occupied a characteristic medial ventral position. These data will allow an assay of correct or incorrect innervation in experiments on the regeneration of specific neuromuscular connections in these animals.
Porphyromonas gingivalis‐derived outer membrane vesicles promote calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells through ERK1/2‐RUNX2

The outer membrane vesicle (OMV) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis plays an essential role in causing inflammation which, in turn, plays an important part in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and thromboembolism. However, the contribution of oral bacteria to vascular calcification is yet to be determined. Here, we evaluated the effect of OMV on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification both in vitro and ex vivo. We established a reproducible P. gingivalisOMV‐induced differentiation and calcification model of VSMCs in vitro. The results indicate that OMV promotes VSMC calcification in a concentration‐dependent manner, modulating the expression of bone markers and SMC markers both on genes and proteins that are important for osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of VSMCs. We also showed that the key osteogenic transcription factor, runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which is affected by upstream extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, is a key regulator of OMV‐induced VSMC differentiation and calcification. Taken together, our research demonstrates that Runx2 is a crucial component of OMV‐induced calcification of VSMCs, and ERK signaling plays a vital role in mediating Runx2 up‐regulation and VSMC calcification.
Phylogenetic Relationships among the Major Lineages of Modern Elasmobranchs

Modern elasmobranchs (sharks skates and rays) are the extant survivors of one of the earliest offshoots of the vertebrate evolutionary tree. Their basal placement on the tree has drawn attention from researchers interested in understanding features characterizing the ancestral vertebrate condition. While their basal placement has long been appreciated, most studies have adopted the stance that a single token elasmobranch is sufficient to represent the basal vertebrate condition. Usually, the exemplar chosen is the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias, the stalwart of comparative anatomy classes. However, the use of a single taxon is valid only to the extent that it is representative of the basal condition. This is unlikely to be the case for all traits. Instead, it is more likely that only a few of the character states seen in the exemplar will actually reflect the basal condition while the majority will be uniquely derived for the exemplar itself. A quick survey of the unique and atypical traits seen in the model organisms Drosophila, Caenorhabditis, Danio and Mus attests to the fact that single representative “model” organisms are often more “atypical” than they are “representative”. To estimate the basal condition for any group we must use a phylogenetic tree. Trees allow us to distinguish traits that are likely common to the ancestral condition from those that are unique to particular lineages. In order to do this, it is important: (a) that the phylogenetic tree used be accurate, and (b) that the taxa compared provide an even, balanced and representative coverage of the evolutionary trajectory (Yang et al. 1995). In this paper we set out to establish a phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequence comparisons for the C H A P T E R 1
Distributed transmit power control for distributed antenna systems using MRC

Distributed antenna systems (DAS) are studied in order to improve the coverage area of wireless communication systems under transmit power constraint. In order to reduce the computational complexly among clusters, in DAS, it is imperative to control the inter-cluster interference in a decentralized way. In this paper, a distributed power control among clusters for single-user DAS based on Foschini-Miljanic's algorithm is proposed. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to mitigate the interference among clusters and satisfy the desired SINR at each mobile station (MS). In the algorithm, first signal power after MRC at MS in a cluster is calculated, then the transmit power of the BSAs in the corresponding cluster is updated according to the predefined transmit power ratio. In addition, the convergence condition is derived, and the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through computer simulations.