Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A simple scalar model for magnetic hysteresis

In the computation of magnetic fields for rotating electric machines, transformers, and reactors, the hysteresis nonlinearity sometimes has to be taken into account. Nowadays, many scalar hysteresis models are known for one-directional fields. The main problem with using these models is that the models are complicated and they need much computation time. A new simple version of the scalar hysteresis model is presented for different computation tasks where the magnetic field is computed or where the magnetic state tracing of a core is needed. The major and minor hysteresis loops can be simulated. It is possible to make computations starting from the field strength as well as from the flux density. The model is based on the limiting hysteresis cycle and this measured cycle is used as the parametric data for the identification of ferromagnetic material.
The Isolation, Immobilization, and Characterization of Urease from The Seeds of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.

Urease has been utilized in the field of health and industry. Urease is commonly used in the form of free enzyme, so that the utilization is limited. Urease efficiency can be improved using immobilization enzyme. This research aimed to do the urease isolation, immobilization, and characterization from the winged bean seeds. This research was started by determining the amino-acid content of winged bean seeds using the Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The winged bean seeds were germinated and extracted. The obtained crude extract’s activity was determined using Nessler reagent and measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the wavelength of 500 nm. The urease of winged bean seeds was immobilized using the alginate matrix. The optimization of urease-immobilized beads could be made through the variations of natrium alginate concentration and beads formation periods in solution CaCl2. Characterization free and immobilized urease were made using the variations of urea substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and also the repeated utilization of immobilized urease. Winged bean seeds are rich with essential amino acid, such as leucine, isoleucine, histidine, phenylalanine, and valine. The urease obtained from the winged bean seeds had the optimum activity in the germination period of 8 days. The urease immobilization showed the optimum condition in the natrium alginate concentration of 5% (w/v) and beads formation period in solution CaCl2 for 60 minutes. The characterization results of free urease and immobilization had the optimum condition at the urea substrate of 0.2 M, and pH 7. Free urease had the optimum temperature of 35 oC, while the immobilized urease had the optimum temperature of 40 oC. The immobilized urease had the utilization stability up to 5 times with the relative activity of 48%. The EDX analysis results showed that the alginate did not contain N, while alginate urease beads contained N as much as 12%.
Coordinated Economic Operation of Hydrothermal Units with HVDC Link Based on Lagrange Multipliers

Coordinated operation of hydrothermal scheduling with HVDC links considering network constraints becomes a vital issue due to their remote location and recent induction in the existing power system. The nonlinear and complex nature of the problem introduces many variables and constraints which results in a heavy computational burden. A widespread approach for handling these complexities is to reformulate the problem by several linearization methods. In this paper, a Lagrange multipliers-based method is proposed for the solution of hydrothermal economic scheduling including HVDC link. This method solves equality constraint optimization problems. The linear programming approach is embedded with the Lagrange method to consider both equality and inequality constraints. The proposed technique has been used on piecewise linear variables and constraints of the system considering generation, water volume, and line power flow limits. The formulated method efficiently minimizes the operational cost of thermal units and maximizes the utilization of hydro units while meeting all generation, water volume, and the HVDC link constraints. The method was successfully implemented in two scenarios of a case study. In the first scenario, hydrothermal scheduling was performed on the typical network without an HVDC line limit and equal nodal prices were found with minimal thermal generation cost of $278,822.3. In the second scenario, the proposed method optimally dispatches units to meet the HVDC line limit and minimizes thermal generation cost to $279,025.4 while satisfying hydro, thermal, and other operating constraints. Both scenarios are implemented for a 24 h period. The results have been presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Effects of pH and NaCl on the Spatial Structure and Conformation of Myofibrillar Proteins and the Emulsion Gel System—Insights from Computational Molecular Dynamics on Myosin of Golden Pompano

In this study, the effects of pH and NaCl concentrations on the structure of golden pompano myosin and emulsion gel were analyzed using SEM in combination with molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). The microscopic morphology and spatial structure of myosin were investigated at different pH (3.0, 7.0, and 11.0) and NaCl concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 M), and their effects on the stability of emulsion gels were discussed. Our results show that pH had a greater effect on the microscopic morphology of myosin than NaCl. The MDS results show that under the condition of pH 7.0 and 0.6 M NaCl, the myosin expanded and experienced significant fluctuations in its amino acid residues. However, NaCl showed a greater effect on the number of hydrogen bonds than pH. Although changes in pH and NaCl concentrations only slightly altered the secondary structures in myosin, they, nevertheless, significantly influenced the protein spatial conformation. The stability of the emulsion gel was affected by pH changes but not NaCl concentrations, which only affect the rheology. The best elastic modulus G″ of the emulsion gel was obtained at pH 7.0 and 0.6 M NaCl. Based on the results, we conclude that pH changes have a greater influence than NaCl concentrations on the spatial structure and conformation of myosin, contributing to the instability of its emulsion gel state. The data from this study would serve as a valuable reference for emulsion gel rheology modification in future research.
Association between Weight Status and Mental Health among Korean Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

This study explored the relationship between adolescents’ weight status and mental health problems. It specifically investigated the weight perceptions of obese adolescents and the effect on their mental health. This cross-sectional study was based on the data of adolescents aged 12–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2010–2019). Data regarding anthropometric measurements, health conditions, and socioeconomic status were extracted, and the associations between weight status (actual, perceived, or misperceived) and mental health conditions (depressed mood, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation) were analyzed using complex sample multiple logistic regression after adjusting for possible confounders. A total of 5683 adolescents (53.1% boys and 46.9% girls) were included in this study, with a mean age of 15.1 years. Among the participants, actual, perceived, and misperceived status of being overweight were observed in 20.8%, 32.7%, and 18.4%, respectively. Additionally, depressed mood, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation were observed in 9.1%, 25.7%, and 7.4% of Korean adolescents, respectively, with higher prevalences in girls for all three conditions. Actual weight status was not significantly associated with mental health conditions in either sex. Furthermore, girls who perceived themselves to be overweight, regardless of their actual body weight, or who had overestimated their actual weight were more likely to have experienced depressed mood and stress, while boys who perceived themselves to be underweight were more likely to have experienced suicidal ideation than participants with an average weight perception or an accurate recognition of their weight status. Conversely, in overweight/obese participants, perceived weight status was not associated with mental health conditions. In conclusion, perceived weight status and its discrepancy with actual body weight were more strongly associated with an increased risk of mental health problems than actual weight status itself among Korean adolescents. Therefore, adolescents’ perceptions of their body image and weight-related attitude should be assessed to promote their mental health.
A Short Note on the Exact Stochastic Simulation Scheme of the Hull-White Model and Its Implementation

In this short note we derive an exact simulation scheme for the joint distribution of (r(t),N(t)), where r denotes the short rate following a Hull-White model and $N$ denotes the numeraire.To sample the correct joint distribution of (r(t),N(t)) our scheme requires a two-factor Brownian driver. In other words: the time-discrete Hull-White model is a two factor model.We investigate the performance of this scheme compared to the classical schemes for correlation dependent products like the LIBOR in arrears and Bermudan swaptions. We show that the exact sampling of the joint distribution is important in some applications, e.g., the valuation of Bermudan options using American Monte-Carlo method. Traditional approximation of the numeraire may generate biases if the model uses larger simulation time-steps.Large time-step simulation of short rate models and the American Monte-Carlo method is of interest in the calculation of portfolio effects (xVAs), where usually many risk factors have to be simulated and computational resources need to be saved.
Simulations of Magnetic Field Variations Around Rectangular Defects of Ferromagnetic Materials

The ferromagnetic structures require techniques of defects inspection for their structural monitoring. The early detection of these defects can prevent structural failures that cause economic losses and environment damages. Herein, we present a model for numerical simulations of the magnetic field variations around rectangular defects in ferromagnetic materials by Python programming language. These simulations can predict the behavior of the magnetic field variation caused by rectangular defects considering the study of the magnetic domains of the ferromagnetic material. The numerical simulations of magnetic field around three rectangular defects with different depths (1, 3, and 5 mm) and the same width of 3 mm are studied. The results of the numerical simulations agree well with the behavior of cracks. The proposed model can be used to estimate potential structural failures in ferromagnetic structures.
Intelligent Microgrid Energy Management Method Based on Deep Q Network (DQN)

With the high proportion of renewable energy in microgrid, it brings more and more challenges to the energy management of microgrid. In the meantime, the rise of artificial intelligence has brought new solutions for microgrid energy management. This paper mainly studies the method of integrating deep learning with microgrid. When a variety of flexible resources are connected to microgrid, different energy sources can be coordinated and controlled by determining preferential resources, various demand control signals and real-time electricity prices. In this paper, a deep Q network (DQN) based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm is implemented and combined with a new microgrid model. The numerical results show the effectiveness, adaptability and stability of the deep reinforcement learning method in the optimization control problem of microgrid, and also show the possibility of combining artificial intelligence with power system.
Enhanced Foldable Logarithmic Cycle Antenna

Field communication and data transformation are critical in multiple geological surveys worldwide. However, antennas sold on the markets are mainly focused on their weight. These antennas may be destroyed by extreme weather like sandstorms. An enhanced foldable antenna based on SARRUS Linkage and Origami waterbomb pattern is designed to overcome external impacts. This research studies the basic unit of the SURRAS linkage to find the nobility of the structure. The comparison of the Origami technique waterbomb (WB), and split fold waterbomb pattern (SFWB) will discuss after the SARRUS linkage part. The basic unit of the SARRUS linkage has one degree of freedom. Subsequently, the kinematic model will demonstrate the deployment performance. Meanwhile, diagrams of the Origami waterbomb patterns illustrate the influence caused by the increasing number of folding angles, which is larger than the impact of the sector angle. This newly designed antenna has excellent protection and can effectively increase the workable area in which the antennas need to be deployed.
Local structure analysis of Ge-Sb-Te phase change materials using high-resolution electron microscopy and nanobeam diffraction

As-sputtered and melt-quenched amorphous structures together with the laser-induced crystallized structure of Ge-Sb-Te thin films were investigated using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED). Each of the Ge-Sb-Te thin films was embedded in a four-layered stack, which is the same as the layered structure of phase-change optical disks. Cross-sectional HREM revealed crystalline atomic clusters in the melt-quenched amorphous layer at a greater frequency than in the as-sputtered amorphous layer. Autocorrelation function analysis of the HREM images revealed similarity between the structures of atomic ordered regions in the amorphous phase and that of crystalline Sb. Atomic pair-distribution functions derived from halo NBED intensity analysis indicated that the atomic neighbor correlations developed more in the melt-quenched amorphous phase than in the as-sputtered phase. The development of locally ordered regions is considered to be closely related to the differenc.
Représentations des algèbres de rang 2 et fonctions zêta associées

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An analytical study of the modal characteristics of annular step-index waveguide of elliptical cross section with two conducting helical windings on the two boundary surfaces between the guiding and the non guiding regions

Summary We study an optical fiber with a guiding region bounded by two ellipses. There are two conducting helical windings on the two interfaces between the annular guiding region and the inner and outer cladding regions. The field components are determined for the different regions and they are matched at the boundaries using appropriate boundary conditions. This leads to an eighth order determinantal equation. The characteristic equation and the cutoff condition of the proposed waveguide are then obtained.
Risk assessment of flash flood situation under land use change using daily SWAT streamflow simulation in Loei Basin, Northeastern, Thailand

Flash flood typically occurs in the wet season caused by heavy rain from upstream to downstream and land use changes. This research mainly aims to apply SWAT model to assess the variation of streamflow in Loei Basin, Northeastern Thailand by comparing the daily streamflow during flash flood in the rainy season in the years 2002, 2011, and 2017. This included considering the three different time periods of land use change patterns input to SWAT to assess the impact on streamflow. The result revealed that daily SWAT streamflow simulation compared to data obtained from KH58A station in 2011 was reliable as could be seen from acceptable R2 and PBIAS. In terms of the tendency of land use change, conventional agricultural was replaced with rubber plantation, sugarcane, and urbanization. From this situation, most flood risk areas occur along the mainstream from middle to northern of basin outlet, including being a municipal community area with a high density of residents. It is expected to be a risky area affected by the flood situation. The result of this research can be used as a guideline for land use and water resource management when encountering sudden changes in hydrologic conditions in the wet season.
Sound Insulation Performance of the Stiffened Laminated Plate with Different Reinforcement Forms

A semi-analytical methodology on the sound transmission of stiffened laminated plate under different reinforcement forms is developed to explore its sound insulation performance under the action of a plane sound wave load, in accordance with the classical laminated plate theory and in consideration of stiffener flexion and torsional motions. The formula of acoustic transmission loss is obtained by utilizing spatial harmonic expansion and the virtual work principle. Subsequently, the predicted values of proposed methodology are validated by the existing models. Eventually, some characteristic parameters are considered to investigate their effects on sound insulation behavior.
Willingness to pay for green electricity: evidence from a contingent valuation survey in Indonesia

The Government of Indonesia has set a target of 23% renewables in the national energy mix by 2025. Until August 2021, the achievement in the electricity sector was only 12.77%. The low electricity selling price and lack of incentives for renewable electricity investment are considered the main obstacle to attaining that goal. This research addresses the first issue by measuring the consumer’s willingness to pay (WTP) for greener electricity. We use the contingent valuation method (CVM) with dichotomous choice with follow-ups (DCF) elicitation technique. The CVM questionnaire asks if residential consumers are willing to pay a specific price for electricity with 50% renewables. Data from 520 respondents were collected through an online survey targeting non-subsidized households in Java, the main island of Indonesia. We used the survival analysis to analyze the data by assuming a lognormal distribution and came up with the electricity price-response function, which shows that 80% of respondents are willing to pay up to 13% higher than the current price. We also found that the WTP increases with the electrical capacity, where households with an electrical capacity of greater than 2,200VA are willing to pay 17% higher than those with an electrical capacity of up to 2,200VA.
Analysis of Plane Displacement of Pressure Vessels with Defects

Aiming at the problem that the internal defects of the pressure vessel are not easy to detect, the out-of-plane displacement method is used to study it. The out-of-plane displacement field of circular flat plate heads with defects is obtained by the method of elastic theory analysis and compared with the finite element method to verify the accuracy of the finite element method. Based on the finite element method, the effects of vessel material, pressure load, defect shape, and defect size on the first-order out-of-plane displacement derivative are studied. The results show that the material of the container has little effect on the out-of-plane displacement. The first derivative of out-of-plane displacement increases linearly with the increase of pressure, and this relationship will not change with the increase of pressure. With the increase of defect aspect ratio, the maximum value of the first derivative of out-of-plane displacement increases gradually. When δ ˃ 9, the defect is detectable. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the internal defect detection of pressure vessels based on digital speckle shearing interferometry.
Research on Robust CS-DOA Estimation Method Based on Signal Sparsity Reconstruction

The application of compressed sensing theory in DOA estimation of underwater signals has always been difficult. Aiming at the slow operation speed of the current L1-SVD algorithm and the poor robustness under various conditions such as multi-array elements, this paper proposes an improved CS-DOA estimation algorithm combined with the greedy algorithm. The algorithm sparsely reconstructs the received signal itself, which effectively improves the strict sparsity of the processed signal. The feasibility of the new algorithm is proved through theoretical analysis and simulation experiments. Compared with the L1-SVD algorithm, the measurement performance under different conditions is significantly improved. It has development prospects in academic research and engineering applications.
Novel Use of ctDNA to Identify Muscle-Invasive and Non-Organ Confined Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

PURPOSE Optimal patient selection for neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgical extirpation is limited by the inaccuracy of contemporary clinical staging methods in high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). We investigated whether the detection of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can predict muscle-invasive and non-organ confined (MI/NOC) UTUC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Plasma cell-free DNA was prospectively collected from chemotherapy-naive, high-risk UTUC patients undergoing surgical extirpation and sequenced using a 152-gene panel and low-pass whole-genome sequencing. To test for concordance, whole exome sequencing was performed on matching tumor samples. The performance of ctDNA for predicting MI/NOC UTUC was summarized using area under a receiver-operating curve and the optimal variant count threshold determined using Younden's J statistic. Kaplan-Meier methods estimated survival, and Mantel-Cox log-rank testing assessed the association between preoperative ctDNA positivity and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Of 30 patients prospectively enrolled, 14 were found to have MI/NOC UTUC. At least one ctDNA variant was detected from 21/30 (70%) patients with 52% concordance with matching tumor samples. Detection of at least two panel-based molecular alterations provided the optimal sensitivity and specificity to predict MI/NOC UTUC. Imposing this threshold in combination with a plasma copy number burden score >6.5 achieved a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 94% in predicting MI/NOC UTUC. Furthermore, the presence of ctDNA was strongly prognostic for progression-free survival (1-yr PFS 69% vs. 100%, p<0.01) and overall survival (1-yr OS 56% vs. 100%, p<0.02). CONCLUSION The detection of plasma ctDNA prior to extirpative surgery was highly predictive of MI/NOC UTUC and strongly prognostic of PFS and OS. Preoperative ctDNA demonstrates promise as a biomarker for selecting patients to undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to nephroureterectomy.