Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Typhoon cloud image enhancement and reducing speckle with genetic algorithm in stationary wavelet domain

By employing discrete stationary wavelet transform (SWT), generalised cross-validation (GCV), genetic algorithm (GA), and non-linear gain operator, an efficient de-noising and enhancement algorithm for typhoon cloud image is proposed. Having implemented SWT to a typhoon cloud image, noise in a typhoon cloud image is reduced by modifying the stationary wavelet coefficients using GA and GCV at fine resolution levels. Asymptotical optimal de-noising threshold can be obtained, without knowing the variance of noise, by only employing the known input image data. GA and non-linear gain operator are used to modify the stationary wavelet coefficients at coarse resolution levels in order to enhance the details of a typhoon cloud image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently reduce the speckle in a typhoon cloud image while well enhancing the detail. In order to accurately assess an enhanced typhoon cloud image's quality, an overall score index is proposed based on information entropy, contrast measure and peak signal-noise-ratio (PSNR). Finally, comparisons between the proposed algorithm and other similar methods, which are proposed based on discrete wavelet transform, are carried out.
Effects influencing electron and hole retention times in Ge nanocrystal memory structures operating in the direct tunneling regime

We present an experimental study of the electron and hole charging and discharging processes in the direct tunneling regime of Ge nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in the SiO2 of metal/oxide/semiconductor transistors. A specific aim was to verify theoretical predictions of very long hole retention times for Ge NCs embedded in SiO2 with thin (direct) tunneling barriers which could be harnessed for fast nonvolatile memories. While we observed longer electron retention times than theoretically predicted, we did not find experimentally the expected long hole retention times. To explain the discrepancies between our results and the theoretical predictions, several nonideal properties of the real Ge–NC:SiO2/Si system were investigated. In particular, a Ge NC preparation-induced increase in the volume trap density in the tunnel oxide and an increase in the trap density at the interface between the tunnel oxide and the Si substrate were detected. However, this moderate increase in the trap densities by about one order .
Spectroscopy of KISS Emission-Line Galaxy Candidates. I. MDM Observations

Spectroscopic observations for 351 emission-line galaxy candidates from the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS) have been obtained using the MDM Observatory 2.4 m telescope on Kitt Peak. KISS is an ongoing wide-field objective-prism survey for extragalactic emission-line objects, which has cataloged over 2200 emission-line galaxy (ELG) candidates to date. Spectroscopic follow-up observations are being carried out to study the characteristics of the survey objects. The observational data presented here include redshifts, reddening estimates, line equivalent widths, Hα line fluxes, and emission-line ratios. The galaxies have been classified based on their emission-line characteristics. The procedure for selecting the ELG candidates in KISS is found to be very reliable: 95% of the candidates in this sample are verified to have emission lines. A comparison of objective-prism survey data—redshifts, Hα line fluxes, and equivalent widths—with the long-slit measurements shows good overall agreement.
Quantitative Cross-Feed and Feedback Design of Helicopter in near Hover Flight

This paper examines the use of quantitative cross-feed design followed by diagonal feedback design to decouple, stabilize, and improve handling qualities of the UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter near hover. The flight configurations used were classified according to the likelihood of their occurrence in practice, and this allows the performance for usual cases to be improved by a tradeoff with reduced but still quantitative performance for less usual operating conditions. The design is based on a set of linear models obtained from a nonlinear model with six-degree-of-freedom rigid fuselage with rigid rotor blades, each with a flap and lag degree of freedom. The Perron root of the interaction matrix is used as a measure of the level of interaction of uncertain multivariable plants, and the cross-feed design seeks to reduce the interaction index before quantitative design of a diagonal controller matrix is attempted. If the interaction index can be made to be less than unity by the design, stability of the diagonal-loop design guarantees stability of the closed-loop multivariable system. Performance is evaluated against some of the requirements of the Aeronautical Design Standard, ADS-33D-PRF, for near hover flight.
Selective imaging of sound sources in air using phase-calibrated multiwavelength digital holographic reconstructions

A method for selective imaging using multiwavelength digital holographic reconstructions and the phase response of a sound source is demonstrated. Several sound measurements, using laser vibrometry, and digital reconstructions are made for several frequencies of the sound field emitted from two ultrasound transducers with different phase characteristics. Adding the reconstructed complex amplitudes together and applying a filter derived from the standard deviation over the phases for the different reconstructions makes possible a selective imaging of primary sources. When the imaging method is calibrated for a certain phase response, only primary sources with that particular phase response are imaged. Other sources and unwanted speckles are efficiently suppressed. The depth resolution obtained is 3 wavelengths.
A new model for the negative voltage instability in MOS devices

In this letter it will be shown first that ’’hole trapping’’ is generally measured in such a way that the effect is only partly observed. Second, a new physical model is presented that explains this instability of the oxide charge in terms of a thermally assisted tunneling process, where electrons in neutral oxide centers are excited to states from which the electrons can tunnel to the silicon.
Testbed for Sub-Nyquist Wideband Spectrum Monitoring *

Radioelectric spectrum management is a concern for today’s world, mainly due to the misuse that has been given to this resource through the years, especially on the UHF band. To address this problem, a testbed for sub-Nyquist Wideband Spectrum Monitoring was built, that includes a web interface to remotely measure occupancy of the UHF band. To achieve the above, an RF interface that allows tuning UHF frequencies with an instantaneous bandwidth of 95 MHz was built. Afterwards, a Random Demodulator was connected, and then an embedded system performed sub - -Nyquist sampling and spectrum recovery. The embedded system connected to an information system that serves a web page, through which remote users can perform UHF band monitoring. Experimental results showed that spectrum sensing can be achieved by using different algorithms on certain sparse spectra. In addition, the aforementioned web interface allowed simultaneous user connections, in order to perform independent measurements by sharing a hardware subsystem.
Study on the Discursive Strategies of Wired to Repair Trust in Blockchain

Digital trust involves not only human trust mediated by certain technology but trust in that technology. However, emerging technologies confront ever-growing skepticism. The blockchain debate is a typical example which may be led by its hypes from the mass media. If the place where blockchain is hyped is the place where the damaged trust in blockchain is repaired, Wired magazine, the voice of the industry, is an appropriate third-party repairer. Though previous studies have deeply investigated trust repair in interpersonal relationships, much remains unknown about how to measure trust in a specific technology and how to repair it if it is violated. This study aims to examine how Wired discursively repair trust in blockchain. To address the issue, 60 Wired stories on blockchain are collected as the corpus data. The corpus is annotated with the help of UAM CorpusTool. A discourse analysis is performed based on the annotation. Unlike the studies on interpersonal trust repair, the results show that the magazine puts more efforts on repairing the functionality and the helpfulness of blockchain partly due to the contextual variables. The discourse of the magazine, sitting on the rational side of trust, features open, objective, and straightforward. Together with the research standpoint of a third-party repairer, the repairing effect of trust-in-tech seems to be more predictable. The reparative strategies of EP & NN could be interpreted as a kind of justification to explain the violations of trust in blockchain, which the magazine mainly attributes to those externally unstable and uncontrollable factors. Above all, blockchain is a technological innovation with the aim to build a trustless world, but meanwhile, its development requires the escort from cyber-resilience which is built on the netizens’ digital trust.
Moving the Statistics Profession Forward to the Next Level

In an important and timely article Meng (2009) has raised important questions regarding the future of the statistics profession. We elaborate on several of his points and offer some additional opportunities for the profession to consider. We argue that statistical methods and tools must be properly integrated into an overall approach to scientific inquiry in order to be properly understood and utilized. The discipline of statistical engineering, defined in this article, provides a mechanism to do this based on research and theory. Similarly, statistical thinking provides a clear framework to help students understand the “big picture” of statistics, and a relevant context for its application. Further, there is a natural, synergistic linkage between statistical thinking, statistical engineering, and statistical methods. We believe that teaching this linkage to students and utilizing it widely ourselves will enable the profession to move forward to a higher level of impact.
Dissipative particle dynamics with energy conservation: Modelling of heat flow

The stochastic differential equations for a model of dissipative particle dynamics, with both total energy and total momentum conservation at every time step, are presented. The algorithm satisfies detailed balance as well as the fluctuation–dissipation theorems that ensure that the proper thermodynamic equilibrium can be reached. The Fokker–Planck equation for the evolution of the probability distribution for the system is given. Macroscopic equilibrium probability distributions as well as equations of state for the model are also derived, and an appropriate definition of the free energy of the system is consistently proposed. Several simulations, results of equilibrium as well as transport properties, including heat transport and thermal convection in a box, are shown as proof of the internal consistency of the model.
The objective weather type classification of the German Weather Service and its possibilities of application to environmental and meteorological investigations

The objective weather type classification of the German weather service and its application possibilities are described. Meteorological criteria for this classification are the advection of air masses, the cyclonality and the humidity of the troposphere, leading to numerical indices from which the weather types are derived. The data basis is the numerical weather analysis and forecast system of the German Weather Service. A time series of the weather type data covering more than 20 years is available now. The classification area is Germany, in principle it can be transferred to other areas as well. There are 40 different weather types, but the numerical indices provide the possibility to enlarge or to reduce the number of types without changing the meteorological criteria. This makes the classification very flexible for individual users. Various applications of this weather type classification are listed. A regularly weather type monitoring via INTERNET has been realized.
A New Cross-Domain Bearing Fault Diagnosis Framework Based on Transferable Features and Manifold Embedded Discriminative Distribution Adaption Under Class Imbalance

Cross-domain fault diagnosis based on transfer learning has been popularly developed to overcome inconsistent data distribution-caused degradation of diagnostic performance. However, the existing methods are typically suffering from a class imbalance of domains and lacking sufficient fault data because it is difficult to obtain the real industrial data of machinery under fault conditions. To address these problems, this work proposes a new cross-domain bearing diagnosis framework based on transferable features and manifold embedded discriminative distribution adaption. First, it applies the maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet transform to process the vibration data and extract different statistics-based features. Then, to enhance the domain adaptation performance, it designs a transferability evaluation based on the adjusted rand index and maximum mean discrepancy to quantify the fault discriminability and domain invariance of the features. After that, it proposes a novel manifold embedded discriminative joint distribution adaptation method to perform cross-domain feature discriminative joint distribution alignment in a Grassmann manifold subspace. Finally, it utilizes a random forest classifier to train the cross-domain fault diagnosis model. To verify the performances of the proposed methods, extensive experiments have been conducted on two real rolling bearing datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods can achieve the desirable diagnosis results and significantly outperform comparative classical transfer learning-based models when there is the class imbalance between source and target domains.
Single-electron capture in keV Ar15+…18++He collisions

Single-electron capture in 14 keV q−1 Ar15+…18++He collisions is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Partial cross sections and projectile scattering angle dependencies have been deduced from the target ion recoil momenta measured by the COLTRIMS technique. The comparison with close-coupling results obtained from a two-centre extension of the basis generator method yields good overall agreement, demonstrating the applicability of close-coupling calculations to collision systems involving highly charged ions in charge states up to 18+.
The relaxation-time approximation in the RPA dielectric formulation

The introduction of a phenomenological relaxation time to take collision into account in the longitudinal dielectric formulation raises some questions of principle. The author attempts to elucidate the method adopted to deal with these questions, presents a complete derivation of the RPA dielectric function by this method, and makes some observations pertinent to the method.
Pending Reorganization of Hantaviridae to Include Only Completely Sequenced Viruses: A Call to Action

The official classification of newly discovered or long-known unassigned viruses by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) requires the deposition of coding-complete or -near-complete virus genome sequences in GenBank to fulfill a requirement of the taxonomic proposal (TaxoProp) process. However, this requirement is fairly new; thus, genomic sequence information is fragmented or absent for many already-classified viruses. As a result, taxon-wide modern phylogenetic analyses are often challenging, if not impossible. This problem is particularly eminent among viruses with segmented genomes, such as bunyavirals, which were frequently classified solely based on single-segment sequence information. To solve this issue for one bunyaviral family, Hantaviridae, we call on the community to provide additional sequence information for incompletely sequenced classified viruses by mid-June 2023. Such sequence information may be sufficient to prevent their possible declassification during the ongoing efforts to establish a coherent, consistent, and evolution-based hantavirid taxonomy.
Assessing the accuracy of sensitivity analysis: an application for a cellular automata model of Bogota’s urban wetland changes

Abstract This study analyzes the outcomes of Cellular Automata (CA) with different neighborhood sizes and spatial resolution configurations on the performance of the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model. The analysis is executed using three analogic images to extract the land use/land cover in Bogota, Colombia, for three years: 1998, 2004, and 2010. The FLUS model has an Artificial Neuronal Network model, which was used for calculating the relationships between the land uses and the associated drivers and to estimate the probability of occurrence of each land use. Whenever a CA is used to model and simulate, sensitivity analysis (SA) becomes a crucial step in CA modeling to understand better the influence of parameters’ changes in the simulation outcomes. Therefore, the SA is conducted by varying the neighborhood sizes between 3 × 3, 5 × 5, and 7 × 7 for 5 and 30 meters. In addition, cross-classification maps, Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Total Operating Characteristic, landscape metrics, the figure of merit, Fuzzy Kappa, and disagreement metrics were calculated to assess how well the model performed. High AUC values and low disagreement results show that, in general, the model performed well, and the accuracy of the outputs improves with a 3 × 3 neighborhood size and 5 meters spatial resolution. This study provides a broad assessment approach to the different methods that must be considered to evaluate the sensitivity of CA models in the simulation of urban wetlands’ spatial-temporal evolution.
Far-Ultraviolet Emissions of the Sun in Time: Probing Solar Magnetic Activity and Effects on Evolution of Paleoplanetary Atmospheres

We present and analyze Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) observations of six solar analogs. These are single main-sequence G0-G5 stars selected as proxies for the Sun at several stages of its main-sequence lifetime from ~130 Myr to ~9 Gyr. The emission features in the FUSE 920-1180 Å wavelength range allow for a critical probe of the hot plasma over three decades in temperature: from ~104 K for the H I Lyman series to ~6 × 106 K for the coronal Fe XVIII λ975 line. Using the flux ratio C III λ1176/λ977 as diagnostics, we investigate the dependence of the electron pressure of the transition region as a function of the rotation period, age, and magnetic activity. The results from these solar proxies indicate that the electron pressure of the stellar ~105 K plasma decreases by a factor of ~70 between the young fast-rotating (Prot = 2.7 days) magnetically active star and the old, slow-rotating (Prot ~ 35 days) inactive star. We also study the variations in the total surface flux for specific emission features that trace the hot gas in the stellar chromosphere (C II), transition region (C III, O VI), and corona (Fe XVIII). The observations indicate that the average surface fluxes of the analyzed emission features strongly decrease with increasing stellar age and longer rotation period. The emission flux evolution with age or rotation period is well fitted by power laws, which become steeper from cooler chromospheric (~104 K) to hotter coronal (~107 K) plasma. The relationship for the integrated (920-1180 Å) FUSE flux indicates that the solar far-ultraviolet (FUV) emissions were about twice the present value 2.5 Gyr ago and about 4 times the present value 3.5 Gyr ago. Note also that the FUSE/FUV flux of the zero-age main-sequence Sun could have been higher by as much as 50 times. Our analysis suggests that the strong FUV emissions of the young Sun may have played a crucial role in the developing planetary system, in particular, through the photoionization, photochemical evolution, and possible erosion of the planetary atmospheres. Some examples of the effects of the early Sun's enhanced FUV irradiance on the atmospheres of Earth and Mars are also discussed.
Popularity bias in personality perspective: An analysis of how personality traits expose individuals to the unfair recommendation

Recommender systems are subject to well‐known popularity bias issues, that is, they expose frequently rated items more in recommendation lists than less‐rated ones. Such a problem could also have varying effects on users with different gender, age, or rating behavior, which significantly diminishes the users' overall satisfaction with recommendations. In this paper, we approach the problem from the view of user personalities for the first time and discover how users are inclined toward popular items based on their personality traits. More importantly, we analyze the potential unfairness concerns for users with different personalities, which the popularity bias of the recommenders might cause. To this end, we split users into groups of high, moderate, and low clusters in terms of each personality trait in the big‐five factor model and investigate how the popularity bias impacts such groups differently by considering several criteria. The experiments conducted with 10 well‐known algorithms of different kinds have concluded that less‐extroverted people and users avoiding new experiences are exposed to more unfair recommendations regarding popularity, despite being the most significant contributors to the system. However, discrepancies in other qualities of the recommendations for these user characteristics, such as accuracy, diversity, and novelty, vary depending on the utilized algorithm.
Constructing an Optimal Fleet for a Transportation Schedule

A schedule is a set of passages; a passage is a 4-tuple p = p1, p2, p3, p4 where p1, p2 denote departure and arrival terminals, p3, p4 departure and arrival times. A fleet is a partition of the schedule into chains; each chain is a finite or infinite sequence of passages p1, p2,. having the property pn2 = pn+11 and pn4 ≤ pn+13. The fleet-size is the minimal possible dimension i.e., the number of chains of the fleets. The deficit function dt, a for a terminal a is the difference between the number of departures and arrivals occurring at a during the interval [0, t]. It is proved that the fleet-aim is equal to Σamaxt≥0dt, a. A general method for constructing all optimal fleets is described. A special case of periodic schedules is studied and it is proved that a periodic schedule can be decomposed into an optimal periodic fleet. Applications of the deficit function technique to practical scheduling when passages have tolerances for departure times are discussed.
Eigenvalue of Fractional Differential Equations with -Laplacian Operator

We investigate the existence of positive solutions for the fractional order eigenvalue problem with -Laplacian operator , where are the standard Riemann-Liouville derivatives and -Laplacian operator is defined as is continuous and can be singular at and By constructing upper and lower solutions, the existence of positive solutions for the eigenvalue problem of fractional differential equation is established.