Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I. CHILDREN IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE: DELAYED DEVELOPMENT AND RESILIENCE

Children exposed to institutional care often suffer from "structural neglect" which may include minimum physical resources, unfavorable and unstable staffing patterns, and socially emotionally inadequate caregiver-child interactions. This chapter is devoted to the analysis of the ill effects of early institutional experiences on resident children's development. Delays in the important areas of physical, hormonal, cognitive, and emotional development are discussed. The evidence for and against the existence of a distinctive set of co-occurring developmental problems in institutionalized children is weighed and found to not yet convincingly demonstrate a "postinstitutional syndrome. " Finally, shared and nonshared features of the institutional environment and specific genetic, temperamental, and physical characteristics of the individual child are examined that might make a crucial difference in whether early institutional rearing leaves irreversible scars.
A Study on the According to the Nursing Shortage of Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Nurses

Whether organizational members are satisfied with their job or not is most important in the organization that they belong to. Those who are more satisfied with their job have a less intention to get another occupation, and they are better motivated to improve their own job performance. Boosting job satisfaction is one of the sure ways to reduce invisible loss triggered by turnover or nonattendance and to enhance the quality of life of organizational members. Therefore the job satisfaction of organizational members should be raised to cut down on their turnover rate. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the general characteristics of nurses to their job satisfaction and turnover intention in a bid to identify factors affecting their job satisfaction and turnover intention. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, as for job satisfaction and turnover intention, the nurses investigated got a mean of 2.92 and 3.13 respectively on overall job satisfaction and turnover intention out of five points. Their job satisfaction was slightly above the average (2.5), which indicated that they weren't gratified with their job. Their turnover intention was a little above the average as well, which implied Their turnover intention was a little above the average as well, which implied that there was a tendency for them to seek another job.
Effects of Warm Up With Various Weighted Implements On Baseball Bat Swing Velocity

The purpose of this study was to determine which of 13 weighted batting warm-up implements would produce the greatest bat velocity in subsequent trials. Sixty male high school varsity baseball players participated in a standardized warm up with one of 13 weighted implements on separate days. Bat swing velocity was determined using a photosensing computer-timer immediately after warm up. Warm up with an implement that was weighted within approximately ±10 percent of the standard 30 oz. bat weight produced the greatest bat velocity, P < 0.05. Mean bat velocities ranged from 24.5 to 27.1 m • s−1. It was also noted that there was a trend of decreasing velocity following warm up the more the weight of the bat deviated from the standard weight bat. Additionally, the commonly used donut ring consistently resulted in the lowest bat velocity. It was concluded that to achieve the greatest bat velocity, warm up should be performed with a bat near the standard weight.
The Role of Octadecanoids and Functional Mimics in Soybean Defense Responses

Abstract Oxylipins of the jasmonate pathway and synthetic functional analogs have been analyzed for their elicitor-like activities in an assay based on the induced accumulation of glyceollins, the phytoalexins of soybean (Glycine max L.), in cell suspension cultures of this plant. Jasmonic acid (JA) and its methyl ester showed weak phytoalexin-inducing activity when compared to an early jasmonate biosynthetic precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), as well as to the bacterial phytotoxin coronatine and certain 6-substituted indanoyl-L-isoleucine methyl esters, which all were highly active. Interestingly, different octadecanoids and indanoyl conjugates induced the accumulation of transcripts of various defense-related genes to different degrees, indicating distinct induction competencies. Therefore, these signaling compounds and mimics were further analyzed for their effects on signal transduction elements, such as the transient enhancement of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and MAP kinase activation, which are known to be initiated by a soybean pathogenderived βglucan elicitor. In contrast to the β-glucan elicitor, none of the other compounds tested triggered these early signaling elements. Moreover, endogenous levels of OPDA and JA in soybean cells were shown to be unaffected after treatment with β-glucans. Thus, OPDA and JA, which are functionally mimicked by coronatine and a variety of 6-substituted derivatives of indanoyl-L-isoleucine methyl ester, represent highly efficient signaling compounds of a lipidbased pathway not deployed in the β-glucan elicitor-initiated signal transduction.
Male Domestic Violence

This study investigated whether men who use violence toward their partners are more accepting of domestic violence and report higher levels of general aggression and levels of interpersonal dependency than comparison groups (football players and community service volunteers). Participants consisted of 83 men: 23 from an intervention program for violent men, 30 football players, and 30 community service volunteers. Measures of attitudes to the acceptability of domestic violence, aggression levels, and interpersonal dependency levels were administered. Results indicated the violent men were more aggressive and more dependent than both the comparison groups, whereas all three groups had a low tolerance of violence toward female partners. Football players and community service volunteers did not differ in their levels of general aggression. These findings emphasize the importance of intervention programs addressing the areas of male aggression and emotional dependency in their syllabuses as a strategy for curbing male violence toward female partners.
A new multilevel Green's function interpolation method for large-scale low-frequency EM simulations

In this paper, a new multilevel Green's function interpolation method (MLGFIM) is presented to solve integral equations for large-scale electrostatic problems. In MLGFIM, the problem domain is first divided into multilevel cubes. Next, the peer-level Green's function interpolation technique is employed, and then, a new lower-to-upper-level Green's function interpolation technique is devised. They are used with the multilevel discretization to speed up the matrix-vector multiplications in the iterative solution in which a computational complexity of O(N) is achieved. The MLGFIM is used to extract the capacitances encountered in radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and microelectromechanical systems. Moreover, to demonstrate its efficiency both in simulation speed and memory storage requirement, MLGFIM is compared with FastCap for free space problems and applied to extract capacitances from multilayered structures. For problems with 375,000 unknowns, the proposed method only requires 343 MB of computer memory.
Calcium sensitivity of the cross-bridge cycle of Myo1c, the adaptation motor in the inner ear

The class I myosin Myo1c is a mediator of adaptation of mechanoelectrical transduction in the stereocilia of the inner ear. Adaptation, which is strongly affected by Ca2+, permits hair cells under prolonged stimuli to remain sensitive to new stimuli. Using a Myo1c fragment (motor domain and one IQ domain with associated calmodulin), with biochemical and kinetic properties similar to those of the native molecule, we have performed a thorough analysis of the biochemical cross-bridge cycle. We show that, although the steady-state ATPase activity shows little calcium sensitivity, individual molecular events of the cross-bridge cycle are calcium-sensitive. Of significance is a 7-fold inhibition of the ATP hydrolysis step and a 10-fold acceleration of ADP release in calcium. These changes result in an acceleration of detachment of the cross-bridge and a lengthening of the lifetime of the detached M–ATP state. These data support a model in which slipping adaptation, which reduces tip-link tension and allows the transduction channels to close after an excitatory stimulus, is mediated by Myo1c and modulated by the calcium transient.
Re-embedding volunteering: in search of a new collective ground

In Western European societies, there recently has been a growing concern about individualisation and its consequences for volunteering. While the prevailing diagnosis is of a 'dis-embedment' of volunteering, we focus on a less recognised process of 're-embedding' that aims to counter and/or better accommodate the individualising forces in society. We advance a new conceptual framework that identifies main rationales, actors and strategies. To conclude, we critically reflect on how the process of re-embedding might blur the traditional boundaries of what is definitely considered volunteering, and may even warrant a shift in terminology.
The effects of methylphenidate on cerebral responses to conflict anticipation and unsigned prediction error in a stop-signal task

To adapt flexibly to a rapidly changing environment, humans must anticipate conflict and respond to surprising, unexpected events. To this end, the brain estimates upcoming conflict on the basis of prior experience and computes unsigned prediction error (UPE). Although much work implicates catecholamines in cognitive control, little is known about how pharmacological manipulation of catecholamines affects the neural processes underlying conflict anticipation and UPE computation. We addressed this issue by imaging 24 healthy young adults who received a 45 mg oral dose of methylphenidate (MPH) and 62 matched controls who did not receive MPH prior to performing the stop-signal task. We used a Bayesian Dynamic Belief Model to make trial-by-trial estimates of conflict and UPE during task performance. Replicating previous research, the control group showed anticipation-related activation in the presupplementary motor area and deactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, as well as UPE-related activations in the dorsal anterior cingulate, insula, and inferior parietal lobule. In group comparison, MPH increased anticipation activity in the bilateral caudate head and decreased UPE activity in each of the aforementioned regions. These findings highlight distinct effects of catecholamines on the neural mechanisms underlying conflict anticipation and UPE, signals critical to learning and adaptive behavior.
Effect of transverse‐tubular chloride conductance on excitability in skinned skeletal muscle fibres of rat and toad

1 The influence of the transverse‐tubular (T‐) system Cl− conductance on membrane excitability in skeletal muscle fibres of toad and rat was examined because of conflicting conclusions of previous studies on Cl− conductance. A mechanically skinned fibre preparation was used that permitted investigation of Ca2+ release via the normal T‐system voltage‐sensor mechanism after complete removal of the surface membrane, which thereby allowed estimation of the T‐system potential from force measurements. 2 When a skinned fibre was bathed in a high‐[K+] solution, the sealed T‐system became polarized and could be rapidly depolarized by replacing the K+ with Na+, thereby eliciting Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In rat skinned fibres, addition of 20 mM Cl− to the ‘myoplasm’ (i.e. bathing solution) partially depolarized the T‐system, inducing Ca2+ release and subsequent voltage‐sensor inactivation. These effects were completely abolished with 100 μM of the Cl− channel blocker 9‐anthracene carboxylic acid (9‐AC). Voltage‐sensor inactivation increased in a graded manner over the range 3‐20 mM myoplasmic Cl−. 3 In toad fibres, voltage‐sensor inactivation was only detectable at > 10 mM myoplasmic Cl−, and 20 mM Cl− was only able to depolarize the T‐system sufficiently to trigger Ca2+ release if the myoplasmic [K+] was reduced by 50 %. In toad fibres, 100 μM 9‐AC caused little if any block of the T‐system Cl− conductance. 4 It was also found that when skinned fibres were obtained from muscles that had been bathed in a zero Cl− extracellular solution, the initial Na+ substitutions were more effective at depolarizing the T‐system. This is consistent with Cl− trapped in the sealed T‐system exerting a polarizing effect on T‐system potential. 5 These results unequivocally demonstrate that there is a large 9‐AC‐sensitive Cl− conductance in the T‐system of rat fibres, and a smaller, though still appreciable, Cl− conductance in the T‐system of toad fibres, which is relatively insensitive to 9‐AC. The results are important for understanding the basis of the Cl− channel aberration in myotonia.
How Depressed and Suicidal Sexual Minority Adolescents Understand the Causes of Their Distress

This study examined how lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents reporting clinically significant depressive and suicidal symptoms understand the causes of their psychological distress. The role of the quality of the adolescent-parent relationship as a risk or protective factor was explored. Ten qualitative interviews were analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research method. Results showed that adolescents viewed family rejection of sexual orientation, extra-familial LGB related victimization, and non-LGB related negative family life events as the most common causes of their psychological distress. Most of the adolescents also reported experiencing support from at least one family member, and half reported experiencing significant extra-familial (e.g., peers, school counselor) support. Almost all of the adolescents reported wishing that their relationships with their parents were closer and characterized by more acceptance, as well as a willingness to participate in family therapy to improve their relationships with their parents. Clinical implications are discussed.
Serotonin and schizophrenia

Since the discovery of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5HT) in the serum by Rapoport and colleagues in 1948, its role in a wide variety of physiological processes has been uncovered. In man it is found in the enterochromaffin cells of the gut, in the cardiovascular system, platelets, mast cells and in the brain. Its protean peripheral actions include platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, control of gastric emptying, and regulation of gut transit time. Centrally it is involved to varying degrees, in the regulation of sleep, appetite, sexual activity, impulse control, pain perception, cognition and mood. With potential for major therapeutic exploitation in the form of drug development, there has in recent years been an explosion of interest in the classification of 5HT receptors. Gaddum and Picarelli (1957) proposed the first influential classification, dividing receptors into D and M. The former resulted in the contraction of smooth muscle, and are antagonized by dibenzyline, the latter result in the depolarization of cholinergic neurones, and are blocked by morphine. The Bradley classification emerged in 1986, and provided an important conceptual framework which was widely accepted (Bradley et al., 1986). Three types of receptor were proposed on the basis of ligand studies, 5HTI, 5HT2 and 5HT3. In response to developments in molecular biology, and the availability of increasingly selective ligands, an elaboration of the Bradley classification has recently been proposed by the Serotonin Club Nomenclature Committee, and approved by IUPHAR (Humphrey et al., 1993). The classification proposes five types of 5HT1 (la, lb, Id, le and 10, three types of 5HT2 receptor (2a, 2b, 2c), a 5HT3 receptor equivalent to the M receptor of Gaddum and Picarelli (1957), and a 5HT4 receptor. As is true for many areas of biology, understanding of the functional significance of these receptors lags behind development in determining molecular structure. Serotonin has been implicated in a diverse range of pathophysiological processes. Its role in
Decision-Making on Transport Infrastructure and Contested Information: A Critical Analysis of Three Approaches

Information is highly contested in virtually all decision-making processes on large infrastructure projects, leading to the delay or cancellation of projects. Contested information has two characteristics: uncertainty and ambiguity. The uncertainty of information refers to the lack of reliable knowledge about the characteristics and future effects of infrastructure projects. The ambiguity of information means that different actors have different (legitimate and valid) perspectives on the characteristics and effects of infrastructure projects. Information is contested if both uncertainty and ambiguity apply. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework based on different perspectives on rationality and the role ascribed to information in decision-making. We then use this framework to analyse three approaches aiming to deal with the contested nature of information. The analysis shows that none of the approaches can fully deal with the contested nature of information, because no practically feasible approach has yet been developed to effectively address the ambiguity of information. We end with a brief discussion of the possible responses to this finding.
Value Priorities and Content of Religiosity—New Research Perspectives

In this study the relationship of religiosity and value priorities is differentiated, based on a multidimensional measurement of different contents of religiosity. The structure of values is conceptualized using Schwartz’ (1992) two orthogonal dimensions of Self-transcendence vs. Self-enhancement and Openness to change vs. Conservation. The relations between these two dimensions and eight religious contents, ranging from open-minded to more close-minded forms of religiosity, were tested in a sample of church attenders (N = 685), gathered in Germany. The results show, that depending on the content of religiosity, different values are preferred (self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition and security values). The results indicate the importance of the content of religiosity for predicting value-loaded behaviors.
RUBEN: A Router emUlator for green BackbonE Networks

We detail the implementation of RUBEN, a scalable emulator based on software routers which implements and evaluate energy-aware algorithms in backbone networks. Our solution adopts virtualization techniques to reproduce the behavior of an entire backbone network on a single machine. Each virtual machine is a router implementing an energy-aware algorithm. Moreover, RUBEN is tailored to the measurements of transients behaviors, i.e., the increase in the RTT and in the packet loss as a consequence of routing instabilities occurring when the set of devices in sleep mode is reconfigured.
FompNet: Compressive sensing reconstruction with deep learning over wireless fading channels

With the ability to reconstruct signals from a highly incomplete number of samples, Compressive Sensing (CS) has been proposed in bandwidth-constrained scenarios like remote sensing, where signals exist some degree of redundancy. In CS, reconstruction approaches are of great importance. However, current reconstruction approaches are of highly computational complexity because they use greedy or convex optimization algorithms with many iterations. On the other hand, the effect of wireless fading channel on the distortion performance is not well studied, which is difficult to be analyzed and formulated in CS. To tackle these challenges, we proposed a novel deep learning based reconstruction approach called FompNet. The most distinctive characteristic of FompNet is that it involves Fast Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (FastOMP) with low computational complexity before a deep learning network, i.e., Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). With FastOMP, FompNet can dispose of real size images, while existing deep learning based reconstruction approaches are specified to small image patches. Besides, FastOMP makes the deep learning network adaptive to different sampling ratios, instead of another newly training process if the sampling ratio is changed. Furthermore, CNN can alleviate the effect of channel fading and significantly improve the reconstruction performance under different channel environments. Experiment results show that FompNet outperforms existing reconstruction approaches in terms of distortion and computational complexity under various channel conditions.
Investigation of Web Query Refinement via Topic Analysis and Learning with Personalization

We investigate the benets of latent topic analysis and learning with personalization for Web query renement. Our proposed framework exploits a latent topic space, which is automatically derived from a query log, to leverage the semantic dependency of terms in a query. Another major characteristic of our framework is an eective mechanism to incorporate personal topic-based prole in the query renement model. Moreover, such prole can be automatically generated achieving personalization of query renement. Preliminary experiments have been conducted to investigate the query renement performance.
THE EFFECT OF BLOOD PRESSURE ALTERATION ON THE PULSE WAVE VELOCITY

Determinations of the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in living subjects have shown that higher values are found with increasing age (Rahier, 1961; Simonson and Nakagawa, 1960) and in the presence of hypertension, with or without presumed atherosclerosis, but more so in the former case (Miasnikov, 1960). et have also shown higher values in diabetics with presumed atherosclerosis, compared with normal subjects. physiological saline as the vehicle. Reduction of pressure was achieved in all cases using hexamethonium bromide, and increase of pressure using metaraminol (0-1 mg./ml.). any subjective administration of the active agent All experiments last no was and a steady level of blood pressure had been obtained. In all cases the a padded in a 300 head-up thus allowing a fall of pressure following administration of hexamethonium.
The Epidemiology of Suicide Among Students at Colleges and Universities in the United States

All published studies and selected unpublished reports on the incidence of suicide among students at colleges and universities in the United States are reviewed. Compared with studies relying upon official (i.e., governmental) records of suicide, studies relying on informal sources are found to underestimate the incidence of student suicide by about 30 percent. Both sources of data, however, indicate that the incidence of student suicide is significantly and dramatically lower (about 46 percent) than that of non-students. For female students it is only marginally lower (about 91 percent). Institutional size and prestige are not significantly related to the incidence of student suicide, nor is class standing. The presence of psychosis is the most discriminating individual difference variable, increasing the risk of suicide by a factor of 200 over baseline rates in the student population. Contact with campus mental health services is also associated with a significant (six fold) increase in risk for suicide.