Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appendix to : A Truthful Learning Mechanism for Contextual Multi – Slot Sponsored Search Auctions with Externalities

Sponsored search auctions constitute one of the most successful applications of microeconomic mechanisms. In mechanism design, auctions are usually designed to incentivize advertisers to bid their truthful valuations and, at the same time, to assure both the advertisers and the auctioneer a non–negative utility. Nonetheless, in sponsored search auctions, the click–through–rates (CTRs) of the advertisers are often unknown to the auctioneer and thus standard incentive compatible mechanisms cannot be directly applied and must be paired with an effective learning algorithm for the estimation of the CTRs. This introduces the critical problem of designing a learning mechanism able to estimate the CTRs as the same time as implementing a truthful mechanism with a revenue loss as small as possible compared to an optimal mechanism designed with the true CTRs. Previous works showed that in single–slot auctions the problem can be solved using a suitable exploration–exploitation mechanism able to achieve a per–step regret of order O(T−1/3) (where T is the number of times the auction is repeated). In this paper we extend these results to the general case of contextual multi–slot auctions with position– and ad–dependent externalities. In particular, we prove novel upper–bounds on the revenue loss w.r. t. to a VCG auction and we report numerical simulations investigating their accuracy in predicting the dependency of the regret on the number of rounds T , the number of slots K, and the number of advertisements n.
RFID chipless tag based on multiple phase shifters

The RFID chipless tag presented in this article uses a new technique for data encoding. It is based on changing the phase of multiple resonators that behave as phase shifter. This technique brings a much higher reliability than for the actual absence/presence of resonance encoding way. The design proposed is based on 5 reflective strip resonators having resonant frequency starting from 2.5 GHz to 6.5 GHz. A capacity of 10 bits is reached within a reduced size of 20 × 40 mm2. Tag made on this principle is potentially low cost because only one conductive layer is needed for its fabrication.
Axial Parameters Affecting Lower Limb Alignment After High Tibial Osteotomy

&NA; Lower limb alignment of 46 knees treated with high tibial osteotomy was studied to find a method for determining the precise correction angle. The femorotibial angle was divided into several axial alignment parameters. Before the operations, the femorotibial angle correlated with the tilting angle of the femoral shaft toward the horizontal (femoral shaft‐horizontal angle) and that of the tibial shaft toward the horizontal (tibial shaft‐horizontal angle). After the operations, the femorotibial angle correlated with the tibial shaft‐horizontal angle, but not with the femoral shaft‐horizontal angle. The postoperative femoral shaft‐horizontal angle tends to be constant regardless of the degree of valgus. In preoperative varus knees, the varus deformity increases the degree of shift of the femoral and tibial shaft toward the varus direction. In postoperative valgus knees, the more valgus the knee the more the tibial shaft shifted toward the valgus direction, which was not true for the femoral shaft. The femorotibial angle was influenced more by the tibial axial alignment in the postoperative valgus knee. The slope of the distal femoral articular surface influenced the tilt of tibial articular surface toward the horizontal which, in turn, influenced the tibial shaft‐horizontal angle. The authors recommend relying on the tibial axial alignment parameter to determine the amount of correction. The slope of the distal femoral articular surface should be considered in preoperative planning.
The impact and efficacy of surveillance in patients with sarcoma of the extremities

Objectives In this cross sectional study, the impact and the efficacy of a surveillance programme for sarcomas of the extremities was analysed. Methods All patients who had treatment with curative intent for a high-grade sarcoma and were diagnosed before 2014 were included and followed for a minimum of two years. Results Of the 909 patients who had a review appointment in 2014, 131 were under review for a high-grade sarcoma of the extremities following treatment with curative intent. Of these patients, three patients died of disease, two patients died of other causes, 12 are alive, with disease, and 114 have no evidence of disease. The surveillance programme accounts for 14% of all review appointments. Four of five patients (80%) who developed local recurrence identified the recurrence themselves. Chest radiographs are adequate in identifying metastatic disease and 11 (73%) of metastases were diagnosed during a routine follow up visit. However, the chance of cure is small and only two patients were referred for a metastatectomy. Of these only one survived for more than two years. The mean time for developing metastatic disease and local recurrence was 2.0 and 3.9 years respectively. Once identified, the mean time to death was 2.1 years for patients with metastatic disease. Conclusions Surveillance of sarcoma patients makes up a substantial amount of the workload of a sarcoma unit. The chance of cure following identification of local recurrence or metastatic disease, however, is small. Alternative methods of surveillance that allow better evaluation of the patient’s needs are recommended. Cite this article: P. Cool, G. Cribb. The impact and efficacy of surveillance in patients with sarcoma of the extremities. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:224–230. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.64. BJR-2016-0253.R1.
Responses to Random Dot Motion Reveal Prevalence of Pattern-Motion Selectivity in Area MT

How the visual system reconstructs global patterns of motion from components is an important issue in vision. Conventional studies using plaids have shown that approximately one-third of neurons in cortical area MT respond to one-dimensional (1D) components of a moving pattern (component cells), whereas another third responds to the global two-dimensional (2D) motion of a pattern (pattern cells). Conversely, studies using spots of light or random dots that contain multiple orientations have seldom reported directional tuning that is consistent with 1D motion preference. To bridge the gap between these studies, we recorded from isolated neurons in macaque area MT and measured tuning for velocity (direction and speed) using random dot stimuli. We used the “intersection of constraints” principle to classify our population into pattern-direction-selective (PDS) neurons and component-direction-selective (CDS) neurons. We found a larger proportion of PDS cells (68%) and a smaller proportion of CDS cells (8%) compared with prior studies using plaids. We further compared velocity tuning, measured using random dot stimuli, with direction tuning, measured using plaids. Although there was a correlation between the degree of preference for 2D over 1D motion of the two measurements, tuning seemed to prefer 2D motion using random dot stimuli. Modeling analyses suggest that integration across orientations contributes to the 2D motion preference of both dots and plaids, but opponent inhibition mainly contributes to the 2D motion preference of plaids. We conclude that MT neurons become more capable of identifying a particular 2D velocity when stimuli contain multiple orientations.
Knowledge Compilation for Model Counting: Affine Decision Trees

Counting the models of a propositional formula is a key issue for a number of AI problems, but few propositional languages offer the possibility to count models efficiently. In order to fill the gap, we introduce the language EADT of (extended) affine decision trees. An extended affine decision tree simply is a tree with affine decision nodes and some specific decomposable conjunction or disjunction nodes. Unlike standard decision trees, the decision nodes of an EADT formula are not labeled by variables but by affine clauses. We study EADT, and several subsets of it along the lines of the knowledge compilation map. We also describe a CNF-to-EADT compiler and present some experimental results. Those results show that the EADT compilation-based approach is competitive with (and in some cases is able to outperform) the model counter Cachet and the d-DNNF compilation-based approach to model counting.
Dispositions and Causal Powers

Contents: Introduction, Bruno Gnassounou and Max Kistler. Part 1 The Metaphysics of Dispositions and Causal Powers: Dispositions and counterfactuals. From Carnap to Goodman's children and grandchildren, FranA ois Schmitz Filled in space, Stephen Mumford Dispositions and essences, Claudine Tiercelin The causal efficacy of macroscopic dispositional properties, Max Kistler Opium's virtus dormitiva, Cyrille Michon Conditional possibility, Bruno Gnassounou On ascribing dispositions, Ludger Jansen. Part 2 Dispositions and Causal Powers in Science: An extended semantic field of dispositions and the grounding role of causal powers, Rom Harre What makes a capacity a disposition? , Nancy Cartwright Causation, laws and dispositions, Andreas HA ttemann Can capacities rescue us from Ceteris Paribus laws? , Markus Schrenk Dispositions, relational properties and the quantum world, Mauro Dorato Are specific heats dispositions? , Anouk Barberousse Bibliography Index.
Selection on flowering time and floral display in an alpine and a lowland population of Arabidopsis lyrata

To determine whether population differentiation in flowering time is consistent with differences in current selection, we quantified phenotypic selection acting through female reproductive success on flowering phenology and floral display in two Scandinavian populations of the outcrossing, perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata in two years. One population was located in an alpine environment strongly affected by grazing, whereas the other was close to sea level and only moderately affected by herbivory. Multiple regression models indicated directional selection for early end of flowering in one year in the lowland population, and directional selection for early start of flowering in one year in the alpine population. As expected, there was selection for more inflorescences in the lowland population. However, in the alpine population, plants with many inflorescences were selectively grazed and the number of inflorescences produced was negatively related to female fitness in one year and not significantly related to female fitness in the second year. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic differentiation in flowering phenology between the study populations is adaptive, and indicate that interactions with selective grazers may strongly influence selection on floral display in A. lyrata.
Transforming growth factor‐β2 modulates synaptic efficacy and plasticity and induces phosphorylation of CREB in hippocampal neurons

Transforming growth factor‐βs (TGF‐βs) are widely expressed and play roles as multifunctional growth factors and regulators of key events in development, disease, and repair. However, it is not known whether TGF‐βs affect the plasticity of hippocampal neurons. As a first step to address this issue, we examined whether TGF‐β2 modulated the electrophysiological and biochemical properties of cultured hippocampal neurons. We found that prolonged 24 h treatment with TGF‐β2 induced facilitation of evoked postsynaptic currents (ePSCs). This facilitation was associated with a decrease in short‐term synaptic depression of ePSCs and increases in both the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous miniature postsynaptic currents (mPSCs). The long‐term changes of ePSCs and mPSCs may be associated with cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), which has been previously implicated in long‐term potentiation. Immunofluorescence techniques and Western blot analysis both revealed that TGF‐β2 enhanced the phosphorylation of CREB. Together, these results suggest that TGF‐β2 may play a role in the cascade of events underlying long‐term synaptic facilitation in hippocampus, and that CREB may be an important mediator of these effects. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison Between Measurements and Simulations of Conventional and Distributed MIMO System

In this work two different implementations of multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) indoor systems are studied: distributed systems (DS) and conventional systems (CS). First a theoretical 3D ray tracing approach, and later an experimental study using a MIMO channel sounder based on a multiport network analyzer (MNA), are used to respectively predict and to measure the MIMO channel response. Results show that, when using DS, capacities are similar to an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) fading channel, and they are higher than those obtained by CS, too. They also reveal that ray tracing accurately predicts the results obtained in the measurements for both implementations.
Age-dependent long-term potentiation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat visual cortex

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat visual cortex was investigated using intracellular recording in slice preparations. The inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) of layer V cells evoked monosynaptically by layer IV stimulation was recorded while excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were blocked by adding NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists to the perfusate. Separate presynaptic fiber groups were activated by two stimulating electrodes placed in layer IV. One electrode was used to test the effect of conditioning stimulation; the other served as a control. Trains of high- frequency stimulation (50 Hz, 1 sec) were applied at an interval of 10 sec as a conditioning stimulation. The LTP of IPSP induced by the conditioning stimulation had properties similar to those known for LTP of EPSP in hippocampal CA1: (1) it was specific to the conditioned pathway; (2) repetitive application of the conditioning stimulation saturated the LTP; (3) LTP was induced by conditioning stimulation at intensities higher than a threshold; (4) weak conditioning stimulation to one pathway, which alone failed to induce LTP, induced associative LTP when strong conditioning stimulation was simultaneously applied to the other pathway; (5) weak conditioning stimulation sometimes induced short-term potentiation. In contrast to these similarities, LTP of IPSP was induced by a wider range of stimulus frequencies than that capable of generating LTP of EPSPs in CA1. It was induced not only by a brief high-frequency stimulation but also by an intermediate-frequency (2 Hz) stimulation continued for 5 min. In addition, the LTP induction was not dependent on postsynaptic membrane potential. Finally, the LTP of IPSP was more easily induced in developing than in mature rats. This age dependence suggests that LTP of IPSPs may contribute to the improvement of response selectivity of visual cortical cells through visual experience during postnatal development.
An Experimental Evaluation of Lifted Gene Sets

We introduce so-called lifted gene sets which are relational descriptions of sets of genes. We show that lifted gene sets are, to some extent, able to capture common structures in correlation matrices. In experiments with real-life microarray data, we show that, in fact, lifted gene sets can provide slightly better estimates of correlation than ground gene sets.
Immunofluorescence examination of beta tubulin expression and marginal band formation in developing chicken erythroblasts

Chicken erythrocyte beta tubulin, a tubulin variant with unique biochemical and assembly properties, is found to be specifically contained in two chicken blood cell types--erythrocytes and thrombocytes. The beta tubulin variant is absent or present in low amounts in a variety of white blood cell types and other body tissues, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and a semi-quantitative immunoblotting procedure. During differentiation in the marrow the beta tubulin variant appears suddenly in mid-stage erythroblasts at the onset of hemoglobin synthesis, and forming marginal bands are seen in all subsequent polychromatophilic erythroblast stages. The developmental sequence of events in marginal band formation entails microtubule nucleation at the centrosome, followed by microtubule elongation, consolidation of loose parallel microtubules into a compact bundle, and microtubule association with the cell membrane.
Eeect of Virtual Channels and Memory Organization on Cache-coherent Shared-memory Multiprocessors

In this paper, performance of wormhole routed 2-D torus network with virtual channels has been evaluated for cache-coherent shared-memory multiprocessors with execution-driven simulation using various applications. The traac in such systems is very diierent from the traac in message-passing environment and is characterized by traac bursts, one-to-many and many-to-one traac, and small xed length messages. We show the impact of various network parameters, such as number of virtual channels, number of it buuers per virtual channel, and number of internal links. We have also considered low-order and high-order interleaving of memory blocks on nodes to show its impact on the network performance. The study shows that 4 virtual channels per link is most eecient for 2-D torus networks. The number of it buuers per virtual channel also has a considerable impact and 2 to 4 it buuers are usually enough. The number of internal links also has an impact on the performance for applications, such as MP3D, that generate large contention for shared variables. Larger number of internal links are also useful in case of high-order interleaved memory to reduce hot-spots at the communication interface of favorite nodes.
NG2 proteoglycan promotes angiogenesis‐dependent tumor growth in the central nervous system by sequestering angiostatin

During embryogenesis, the NG2 proteoglycan is expressed on immature capillary vessels, but as the vessels mature they lose this expression. NG2 is up‐regulated in high‐grade gliomas, but it is not clear to what extent it contributes to malignant progression. Using a combination of high spatial and temporal resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological analyses, we show here that overexpression of NG2 increases tumor initiation and growth rates, neovascularization, and cellular proliferation, which predisposes to a poorer survival outcome. By confocal microscopy and cDNA gene array expression profiles, we also show that NG2 tumors express lower levels of hypoxia inducible factor‐1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and endogenous angiostatin in vivo compared with wild‐type tumors. Moreover, we demonstrate that NG2‐positive cells bind, internalize, and coimmunoprecipitate with angiostatin. These results indicate a unique role for NG2 in regulating the transition from small, poorly vascularized tumors to large, highly vascular gliomas in situ by sequestering angiostatin.
Weighted Constraints in Generative Linguistics

Harmonic Grammar (HG) and Optimality Theory (OT) are closely related formal frameworks for the study of language. In both, the structure of a given language is determined by the relative strengths of a set of constraints. They differ in how these strengths are represented: as numerical weights (HG) or as ranks (OT). Weighted constraints have advantages for the construction of accounts of language learning and other cognitive processes, partly because they allow for the adaptation of connectionist and statistical models. HG has been little studied in generative linguistics, however, largely due to influential claims that weighted constraints make incorrect predictions about the typology of natural languages, predictions that are not shared by the more popular OT. This paper makes the case that HG is in fact a promising framework for typological research, and reviews and extends the existing arguments for weighted over ranked constraints.
Functional Characterization of Low-Prevalence Missense Polymorphisms in the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 Gene The online version of this article (available at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org) contains supplemental material.

The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9 has been shown to play an important role in the detoxification of several carcinogens and clearance of anticancer and pain medications. The goal of the present study was to identify novel polymorphisms in UGT1A9 and characterize their effect on glucuronidation activity. The UGT1A9 gene was analyzed by direct sequencing of buccal cell genomic DNA from 90 healthy subjects. In addition to a previously identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 33 resulting in an amino acid substitution (Met>Thr), two low-prevalence (<0.02) novel missense SNPs at codons 167 (Val>Ala) and 183 (Cys>Gly) were identified and are present in both white and African-American subjects. Glucuronidation activity assays using HEK293 cell lines overexpressing wild-type or variant UGT1A9 demonstrated that the UGT1A933Thr and UGT1A9183Gly variants exhibited differential glucuronidation activities compared with wild-type UGT1A9, but this was substrate-dependent. The UGT1A9167Ala variant exhibited levels of activity similar to those of wild-type UGT1A9 for all substrates tested. Whereas the wild-type and UGT1A933Thr and UGT1A9167Ala variants formed homodimers as determined by Western blot analysis of native polyacrylamide gels, the UGT1A9183Gly variant was incapable of homodimerization. These results suggest that several low-prevalence missense polymorphisms exist for UGT1A9 and that two of these (M33T and C183G) are functional. These results also suggest that although Cys183 is necessary for UGT1A9 homodimerization, the lack of capacity for UGT1A9 homodimerization is not sufficient to eliminate UGT1A9 activity.
Genetic Dissection of the Role of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase in Cognition and Stress Reactivity in Mice

The COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene has been linked to a spectrum of human phenotypes, including cognition, anxiety, pain sensitivity and psychosis. Doubts about its clinical impact exist, however, because of the complexity of human COMT polymorphism and clinical variability. We generated transgenic mice overexpressing a human COMT-Val polymorphism (Val-tg), and compared them with mice containing a null COMT mutation. Increased COMT enzyme activity in Val-tg mice resulted in disrupted attentional set-shifting abilities, and impaired working and recognition memory, but blunted stress responses and pain sensitivity. Conversely, COMT disruption improved working memory, but increased stress responses and pain sensitivity. Amphetamine ameliorated recognition memory deficits in COMT-Val-tg mice but disrupted it in wild types, illustrating COMT modulation of the inverted-U relationship between cognition and dopamine. COMT-Val-tg mice showed increased prefrontal cortex (PFC) calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) levels, whereas COMT deficiency decreased PFC CaMKII but increased PFC CaMKKβ and CaMKIV levels, suggesting the involvement of PFC CaMK pathways in COMT-regulated cognitive function and adaptive stress responses. Our data indicate a critical role for the COMT gene in an apparent evolutionary trade-off between cognitive and affective functions.
A Multi-proxy Signature Scheme for Partial delegation with Warrant

In some cases, the original signer may delegate its signing power to a specified proxy group while ensuring individual accountability of each participantsigner. The proxy signature scheme that achieves such purpose is called the multi-proxy signature scheme and the signature generated by the specified proxy group is called multi-proxy signature for the original signer. Recently such scheme has been discussed by Lin et al. Lins scheme is based on partial delegation by Mambo et al. In present chapter we introduce a new multi-proxy signature scheme, which requires less computational overhead in comparison to Lin et al, and also fulfill the requirement of partial delegation with warrant simultaneously.