Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Optimal Design of Transmission of Cooling Fan of Engine

Simulated annealing algorithm is among the most popular iterative methods that have been applied widely to solve many combinatorial optimization problems. This method is a random local search technique based on principles of physics, thus can help the search to visit the high cost neighbors and consequently avoid being trapped in the local minimum. As belt transmission can offer a maximum of versatility as transmission of engine cooling fan and operate smoothly and silently, therefore it is very necessory to use evolutionary algorithm to optimize the belt transmission. The fuzzy optimization model is transformed into the standard optimization in the method of second-class comprehensive evaluation. As low efficiency and local optimum caused by traditional gradient-based optimization methods, the simulated annealing method are developed to solve the optimization model because of its intelligence, widely used and global search ability, so that the optimization process is simplified and global optimum is acquired reliably.
Quality matters : re-formatting the boundaries of care in Czech social care policy

This thesis deals with knowledge about the mechanics and effects of quality reforms in public service as advanced by critical policy studies. Critical policy studies have identified managerialism and marketization of public services as key conditions in introducing quality reforms. The argument has been built in opposition to proponents of quality who argue that marketization, when introduced to services, enhances their quality. In contrast, critical studies have shown that quality reforms have restructured organizational contexts of public services where quality acted mainly as a rhetorical figure, and where improvements remain dubious. The real effects of quality reforms, they argue, are increased control over practitioners’ labour process and de-professionalization. This thesis is a case study of a recent Czech social care reform. The Czech case is a case of a quality reform without marketization and managerialism, yet with a similar outcome in the form of managerialised care. As such, the Czech case offers an opportunity to further our knowledge about the mechanics of quality reforms provided we make a methodological step outside the analytics of managerialism. The thesis undertakes this methodological shift by drawing on Actor Network Theory. The question this thesis asks is how could managerialised care be achieved without either marketization or managerialism? Methodologically, the thesis argues that mapping social alliances among policy actors is necessary but in itself not sufficient to explain the outcome. The thesis traces the Czech quality reform from its inception as a policy project at the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs to its circulation in social care sector. The Czech case shows how articulating quality service in quality standards re-organised care by extending (both conceptually and practically) its boundaries. Care traditionally understood as interactional bodywork was extended horizontally to include practices and forms outside the practitioner-client interaction (such as support planning), and it was extended vertically shifting the agency in care from an equipped practitioner to an equipped service. The contribution of the thesis is twofold. It shows that quality has gained a life in its own outside the managerialist causation model and may not necessarily follow in the footsteps of marketization and managerialism. Mainly, the thesis shows that quality is a complex shibboleth able to re-format the content of practitioner work rather than merely re-structure organizational contexts of public service provision.
Price Formation and Liquidity in the U.S. Treasury Market: Evidence from Intraday Patterns Around Announcements

We identify striking adjustment patterns for price volatility, trading volume, and bid-ask spreads in the U.S. Treasury market when public information arrives. Using newly available high-frequency data, we find a notable lack of trading volume upon a major announcement when prices are most volatile. The bid-ask spread widens dramatically with price volatility and narrows just as dramatically with trading volume. Trading volume surges only after an appreciable lag following the announcement. High levels of price volatility and trading volume then persist, with volume persisting somewhat longer.
Miller international accounting standards guide

In a world where business and investment is increasingly international, it has become critical that valid comparisons of company performance be made between countries. Given that the differences between national accounting standards can hinder the investment process adding significantly to the cost of doing business, International Accounting Standards are rapidly becoming accepted world-wide. This guide offers the authors and users of financial statements practical knowledge of these new standards which have been developed by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). It defines the role, structure and workings of the IASC and specifies the key differences between IAS and the US GAAP. The book highlights critical passages from each IAS, including the benchmark and allowed alternative treatments. It also details the implications of the relevant IASs for the preparation of financial statements and their analysis.
Outdoor place recognition using compact local descriptors and multiple queries with user verification

In this paper, we propose a novel method to model outdoor places with compact local descriptors extracted from images taken around geographical places. Region-based and clustering-based methods are used to reduce the number of feature vectors to represent the natural scene images. A Multiple Queries with User Verification (MQUV) scheme is proposed to improve the recognition accuracy and the system reliability. In our application, a mobile phone camera is used to take images around a place and send them back to the server to get relevant information about the place. The MQUV scheme calculates the maximum confidence level of all top 5 matching places and returns the best matching result to the user together with a typical sample image of the recognized place for the user's visual verification. User is suggested to take more images if the system is not confident enough to provide a result. The user can also make one's own decision by visually matching the returned image with the scenery of the place. Experimental results show that the number of feature vectors is significantly reduced with the compact place modeling and the recognition accuracy is improved with the MQUV scheme.
Politics for People: Finding a Responsible Public Voice

A must for anyone angry at being shut out of the political system. David Mathews points out that many Americans, making no secret of their anger at being shut out of the political system, are looking for ways to take that system back. Because of their low opinion of ""politics as usual," Mathews believes, some people are trying to create a politics relevant to their everyday lives. These efforts give us a richer understanding of political life and of a much-neglected subject: the public. In Politics for People, Mathews describes how people become politically engaged, how they build civic communities, and how they generate political energy or public will. He argues that political discussion is the doorway into politics, and he makes a case for leavening partisan debate with more public dialogue. He then explains what a democratic citizenry must do if representative government is to perform effectively, and he shows how officials might work with, and not just for, the public.
LES of the trailing-edge flow and noise of a controlled-diffusion airfoil at high angle of attack

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of flow over a low-speed airfoil at high angle of attack (15◦) are performed using two different flow solvers, Fluent and CDP, on the same fine structured mesh, whose density was previously shown to provide a reasonably accurate trailing-edge flow for noise predictions at a lower incidence of 8◦. These simulations are compared with detailed pressure measurements made using flush-mounted remote microphone probes for validation and with the previous 8◦ results to assess the effect of the fan-operating condition on sound radiation. Excellent agreement is found on the mean wall-pressure coefficient for the Fluent LES. The agreement on the wall-pressure spectra is satisfactory beyond 1 kHz. The observed discrepancies at low frequencies are similar at both incidences. They are shown to have a small impact on the acoustic predictions, which compare favorably with the anechoic wind tunnel measurements. On the contrary, the CDP run shows some extra large structure burst on the suction side and a flapping of the separated shear layer born at the leading edge. This triggers a too-large low-frequency content compared to experiment.
Multi channel assignment based on channel separation for wireless Mesh network

Mesh network throughput can be reaped by multi channel and multi interface, however, the channel separation which can greatly reduce interference of inter-paths is almost not considered in existing multi channel assignment algorithms and protocols, as a result, the Mesh network throughput is still improved by reduction of the interference of inter-channels and inter-paths. In this paper, a heuristic channel separation based channel assignment algorithm (CSCA) is proposed to combat the Mesh wireless interference. Simulation results show that CSCA efficiently combat interference of Mesh network and indeed upgrades the Mesh network throughput.
Regional and Cellular Patterns of reelin mRNA Expression in the Forebrain of the Developing and Adult Mouse

The reelin gene encodes an extracellular protein that is crucial for neuronal migration in laminated brain regions. To gain insights into the functions of Reelin, we performed high-resolution in situ hybridization analyses to determine the pattern of reelin expression in the developing forebrain of the mouse. We also performed double-labeling studies with several markers, including calcium-binding proteins, GAD65/67, and neuropeptides, to characterize the neuronal subsets that express reelin transcripts. reelinexpression was detected at embryonic day 10 and later in the forebrain, with a distribution that is consistent with the prosomeric model of forebrain regionalization. In the diencephalon, expression was restricted to transverse and longitudinal domains that delineated boundaries between neuromeres. During embryogenesis,reelin was detected in the cerebral cortex in Cajal-Retzius cells but not in the GABAergic neurons of layer I. At prenatal stages, reelin was also expressed in the olfactory bulb, and striatum and in restricted nuclei in the ventral telencephalon, hypothalamus, thalamus, and pretectum. At postnatal stages, reelin transcripts gradually disappeared from Cajal-Retzius cells, at the same time as they appeared in subsets of GABAergic neurons distributed throughout neocortical and hippocampal layers. In other telencephalic and diencephalic regions,reelin expression decreased steadily during the postnatal period. In the adult, there was prominent expression in the olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex, where it was restricted to subsets of GABAergic interneurons that co-expressed calbindin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin. This complex pattern of cellular and regional expression is consistent with Reelin having multiple roles in brain development and adult brain function.
Blocks, liquidity and corporate control

The paper develops a simple model of corporate ownership structure in which costs and benefits of ownership concentration are analyzed. The model compares the liquidity benefits obtained through dispersed corporate ownership with the benefits from efficient management control achieved by some degree of ownership concentration. The paper reexamines the free-rider problem in corporate control in the presence of liquidity trading, derives predictions for the trade and pricing of blocks, and provides criteria for the optimal choice of ownership structure. Copyright The American Finance Association 1998.
Comparison and adaptation of step length and gait speed estimators from single belt worn accelerometer positioned on lateral side of the body

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that predominantly alter patients' motor performance and compromises the speed, the automaticity and fluidity of natural movements. The patients fluctuate between periods in which they can move almost normally for some hours (ON state) and periods with motor disorders (OFF state). Gait properties are affected by the motor state of a patient: reduced stride length, reduced gait speed, increased stride width etc. The ability to assess the motor states (ON/OFF) on a continuous basis for long time without disturbing the patients' daily life activities is an important component of PD management. An accurate report of motor states could allow clinics to adjust the medication regimen to avoid OFF periods. The real-time monitoring will also allow an online treatment by combining, for instance, with automatic drug-administration pump doses. Many studies have attempted to extract gait properties through a belt-worn single tri-axial accelerometer. In this paper, a user friendly position is proposed to place the accelerometer and six step length estimators are compared considering the proposed sensor placement in a preliminary database of healthy volunteers. Adaptation methods to some of these estimators are also proposed and compared. The comparison shows that the adapted estimators improve the performance and reduce errors in respect of the original methods applied in the new sensor location.
New robust subband Cepstral feature for isolated world recognition

In this paper a new robust feature extraction method for speech recognition, has been proposed. The features are obtained from Cepstral Mean Normalized reduced order Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) coefficients derived from the speech frames decomposed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). In the literature it is assumed that the speech frame of size 10 msec to 30 msec is stationary, however, in practice different parts of the speech signal may convey different amount of information (hence may not be perfectly stationary). LPC coefficients derived from wavelet decomposed subbands of speech frame provide better representation than modeling the frame directly. Experimentally it has been shown that, the proposed approach provides effective (better recognition rate), efficient (reduced feature vector dimension) and robust features. The speech recognition system using the Continuous Density Hidden Markov Model (CDHMM) has been implemented. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using NIST TI-46 isolated-word database.
Democracy, Power, and Authority: The Development of a Conceptual Basis for Shared Professionalism between Teachers and Administrators

Overlooked in the recent literatures on the enhancement of teacher professionalism and the changing role of school administrators is the task of rooting such newer ideas in a conceptual framework that would underwrite and give much needed coherence to these ideas. Despite redirections of some existing administrator education preparation programs that move away from emphasising “managerial/supervisory” aspects of school administration, the notion of principal, etc., as authoritarian leader is still ubiquitous in educational practice. The literature on teacher “empowerment,” however, suggests that there should be major, if not radical, changes to the roles and relationships of teachers and school administrators. Some researchers of teacher empowerment issues and school administration have argued that increasing democratic relations between teachers and administrators require that school administrators “should lead from behind” in bottom-up structures of decision making, while the more daring question the need for school administrators at all. This paper examines some of the issues involved. In arguing that both teachers and school administrators have role expectations grounded in a set of moral ideals and commitments external to their current and historic roles, we seek to advance the development of a framework that grounds and makes sense of the call for greater teacher autonomy and empowerment, while establishing the need for and authority of school administrators. In doing so, we attempt to show that educational authority is not an all or nothing, zero-sum, game, but that, because rooted in external ideals and commitments, it is something that requires shared professionalism between teachers and administrators. It is a shared professionalism that features different, but mutually supporting, realms of educational authority.
The gas turbulence in planetary nebulae: quantification and multi-D maps from long-slit, wide-spectral range echellograms

Context. This methodological paper is part of a short series dedicated to the long-standing astronomical problem of de-projecting the bi-dimensional, apparent morphology of a three-dimensional distribution of gas. Aims. We focus on the quantification and spatial recovery of turbulent motions in planetary nebulae (and other classes of expanding nebulae) by means of long-slit echellograms over a wide spectral range. Methods. We introduce some basic theoretical notions, discuss the observational methodology, and develop an accurate procedure disentangling all broadening components (instrumental resolution, thermal motions, turbulence, gradient of the expansion velocity, and fine structure of hydrogen-like ions) of the velocity profile in all spatial positions of each spectral image. This allows us to extract random, non-thermal motions at unprecedented accuracy, and to map them in 1-, 2- and 3-dimensions. Results. We discuss general and specific applications of the method. We present the solution to practical problems in the multidimensional turbulence-analysis of a testing-planetary nebula (NGC 7009), using the three-step procedure (spatio-kinematics, tomography, and 3D rendering) developed at the Astronomical Observatory of Padua (Italy). In addition, we introduce an observational paradigm valid for all spectroscopic parameters in all classes of expanding nebulae. Conclusions. Unsteady, chaotic motions at a local scale constitute a fundamental (although elusive) kinematical parameter of each planetary nebula, providing deep insights on its different shaping agents and mechanisms, and on their mutual interaction. The detailed study of turbulence, its stratification within a target and (possible) systematic variation among different sub-classes of planetary nebulae deserve long-slit, multi-position angle, wide-spectral range echellograms containing emissions at low-, medium-, and highionization, to be analyzed pixel-to-pixel with a straightforward and versatile methodology, extracting all the physical information (flux, kinematics, electron temperature and density, ionic and chemical abundances, etc.) stored in each frame at best.
Urban social structure: a focus on the development industry

Urban social structure or the spatial arrangement of social groups in cities has long been the subject of scholarly attention in urban studies from a variety of perspectives. Such attention has focused primarily on understanding the process and forces that give rise to structure, to some extent on the adverse consequences of socially differentiated or even polarised cities, and on policy to address these consequences or to socially engineer urban structure. Development firms are the key entrepreneurs who build the new urban fabric on which socio-spatial differentiation takes place. Through the processes of targeting specific market segments they play a pivotal role in shaping urban social structure by providing groups of specific types of residential development tailored to specific market groups in specific locations. Yet despite the long history of study of urban social structure, existing approaches have afforded little and insufficient attention to the role of the development industry in shaping urban social space. This paper makes the case that an approach that focuses on the development industry role is needed to complement existing perspectives and because it is highly relevant if not necessary for effective policy making. Moreover, this focus is increasingly important and relevant in a contemporary context where the nature of urban development is changing and in which the decisions of private sector players play an increasing role in shaping structure. This paper outlines the desirable qualities of such an approach including the need to address both structure and agency.
Control of Airway Tube Diameter and Integrity by Secreted Chitin-Binding Proteins in Drosophila

The transporting function of many branched tubular networks like our lungs and circulatory system depend on the sizes and shapes of their branches. Understanding the mechanisms of tube size control during organ development may offer new insights into a variety of human pathologies associated with stenoses or cystic dilations in tubular organs. Here, we present the first secreted luminal proteins involved in tube diametric expansion in the Drosophila airways. obst-A and gasp are conserved among insect species and encode secreted proteins with chitin binding domains. We show that the widely used tracheal marker 2A12, recognizes the Gasp protein. Analysis of obst-A and gasp single mutants and obst-A; gasp double mutant shows that both genes are primarily required for airway tube dilation. Similarly, Obst-A and Gasp control epidermal cuticle integrity and larval growth. The assembly of the apical chitinous matrix of the airway tubes is defective in gasp and obst-A mutants. The defects become exaggerated in double mutants indicating that the genes have partially redundant functions in chitin structure modification. The phenotypes in luminal chitin assembly in the airway tubes are accompanied by a corresponding reduction in tube diameter in the mutants. Conversely, overexpression of Obst-A and Gasp causes irregular tube expansion and interferes with tube maturation. Our results suggest that the luminal levels of matrix binding proteins determine the extent of diametric growth. We propose that Obst-A and Gasp organize luminal matrix assembly, which in turn controls the apical shapes of adjacent cells during tube diameter expansion.