Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of temperature-dependent otolith oxygen stable isotope fractionation on chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta based on rearing experiment

Reconstruction of water temperatures experienced by marine fishes using otolith oxygen stable isotopes (δ 18O) as natural thermometers has been proven to be a useful approach for estimating migration routes or movement patterns. This method is based on the mechanism that the equilibrium fractionation of δ 18O otolith against ambient water exhibits a species-specific thermal sensitivity during the process of otolith aragonitic CaCO3 precipitation. In this study, a laboratory-controlled rearing experiment was conducted to determine the temperature dependency of δ 18O fractionation on the anadromous fish species, chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), of which the detailed migration routes have not been elucidated yet. To test that temperature was the only factor affecting δ 18O otolith fractionation, this study ensured a relatively stable rearing condition, evaluated the isotope composition of the rearing water, and analyzed carbon isotope (δ 13C otolith ) to examine the potential effect of kinetic and metabolic isotopic fractionations. The δ 18O otolith fractionation equation on chum salmon was thereby determined within a temperature range of 9–20°C and was indistinguishable from the equation of synthetic aragonite; The δ 13C otolith was affected by both physiological processes and δ 13C DIC ; In lower temperatures settings, both oxygen and carbon isotopes depleted simultaneously. This study suggests that the chum salmon species-specific oxygen isotope fractionation equation could be used on reconstruction of temperature history and also throw insights into understanding the incorporation of oxygen and carbon sources during calcification process for otoliths.
Derivation of a continuum model and the energy law for moving contact lines with insoluble surfactants

A continuous model is derived for the dynamics of two immiscible fluids with moving contact lines and insoluble surfactants based on thermodynamic principles. The continuum model consists of the Navier-Stokes equations for the dynamics of the two fluids and a convection-diffusion equation for the evolution of the surfactant on the fluid interface. The interface condition, the boundary condition for the slip velocity, and the condition for the dynamic contact angle are derived from the consideration of energy dissipations. Different types of energy dissipations, including the viscous dissipation, the dissipations on the solid wall and at the contact line, as well as the dissipation due to the diffusion of surfactant, are identified from the analysis. A finite element method is developed for the continuum model. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the influence of surfactant on the contact line dynamics. The different types of energy dissipations are compared numerically.
Chloroplast-localized GUN1 contributes to the acquisition of basal thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Heat stress (HS) severely affects different cellular compartments operating in metabolic processes and represents a critical threat to plant growth and yield. Chloroplasts are crucial for heat stress response (HSR), signaling to the nucleus the environmental challenge and adjusting metabolic and biosynthetic functions accordingly. GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1 (GUN1), a chloroplast-localized protein, has been recognized as one of the main players of chloroplast retrograde signaling. Here, we investigate HSR in Arabidopsis wild-type and gun1 plantlets subjected to 2 hours of HS at 45°C. In wild-type plants, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulate promptly after HS, contributing to transiently oxidize the cellular environment and acting as signaling molecules. After 3 hours of physiological recovery at growth temperature (22°C), the induction of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants prevents oxidative damage. On the other hand, gun1 mutants fail to induce the oxidative burst immediately after HS and accumulate ROS and oxidative damage after 3 hours of recovery at 22°C, thus resulting in enhanced sensitivity to HS. These data suggest that GUN1 is required to oxidize the cellular environment, participating in the acquisition of basal thermotolerance through the redox-dependent plastid-to-nucleus communication.
Associations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal attempt among Chinese adolescents: The mediation role of sleep quality

Background Associations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempt (SA) are not well understood. We aimed to examine these associations among Chinese adolescents, and whether any potential association is mediated through sleep quality. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 1,771 (994 boys [56.1%] and 777 girls [43.9%], mean [SD] age was 12.9 [0.6] years) adolescents who participated in the baseline survey of the Chinese Adolescent Health Growth Cohort (CAHGC) study. Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, NSSI, SA and sleep quality were measured by validated questionnaire. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate the associations of depression and anxiety with NSSI and SA. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore the mediate effect of sleep quality. Results The 12-month prevalence of NSSI and SA was 17.1 and 8.3%, respectively. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with NSSI (the adjusted odds ratio [aOR] was 1.89 [95% CI 1.34–2.65] for depressive symptoms and 2.84 [95% CI 2.05–3.94] for anxiety symptoms) and SA (the aOR was 3.20 [95% CI 2.03–5.05] for depressive symptoms and 2.98 [95% CI 1.84–4.84] for anxiety symptoms). No significant gender differences were found in the associations. The mediation proportion of sleep quality on the association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with NSSI, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms with SA were 21.1, 13.9, 13.6, and 14.7, respectively. Conclusion Independent associations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with NSSI and SA were observed in Chinese adolescents, and there were no significant gender differences in the associations. Moreover, these associations were partially mediated through sleep quality. Targeted interventions for adolescents’ NSSI and SA should focus on those who have depressive and anxiety symptoms, and poor sleep quality.
SlBEL11 affects tomato carotenoid accumulation by regulating SlLCY-b2

Extensive data have demonstrated that carotenoid accumulation in tomato fruit is influenced by environmental cues and hormonal signals. However, there is insufficient information on the mechanism of its transcriptional regulation, as many molecular roles of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways remain unknown. In this work, we found that the silence of the BEL1-like family transcription factor (TF) BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN 11 (SlBEL11) enhanced carotenoid accumulation in virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis. In its RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic lines, a significant increase in the transcription level for the lycopene beta cyclase 2 (SlLCY-b2) gene was detected, which encoded a key enzyme located at the downstream branch of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. In Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), SlBEL11 protein was confirmed to bind to the promoter of SlLCY-b2 gene. In addition, the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed its intrinsic transcriptional repression activity. Collectively, our findings added a new member to the carotenoid transcriptional regulatory network and expanded the functions of the SlBEL11 transcription factor.
Evolutionary reconstruction, nomenclature and functional meta-analysis of the Kiwellin protein family

Crop diseases caused by pathogens critically affect global food security and plant ecology. Pathogens are well adapted to their host plants and have developed sophisticated mechanisms allowing successful colonization. Plants in turn have taken measures to counteract pathogen attacks resulting in an evolutionary arms race. Recent studies provided mechanistic insights into how two plant Kiwellin proteins from Zea mays mitigate the activity of the chorismate mutase Cmu1, a virulence factor secreted by the fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis during maize infection. Formerly identified as human allergens in kiwifruit, the biological function of Kiwellins is apparently linked to plant defense. We combined the analysis of proteome data with structural predictions to obtain a holistic overview of the Kiwellin protein family, that is subdivided into proteins with and without a N-terminal kissper domain. We found that Kiwellins are evolutionarily conserved in various plant species. At median five Kiwellin paralogs are encoded in each plant genome. Structural predictions revealed that Barwin-like proteins and Kiwellins cannot be discriminated purely at the sequence level. Our data shows that Kiwellins emerged in land plants (embryophyta) and are not present in fungi as suggested earlier. They evolved via three major duplication events that lead to clearly distinguishable subfamilies. We introduce a systematic Kiwellin nomenclature based on a detailed evolutionary reconstruction of this protein family. A meta-analysis of publicly available transcriptome data demonstrated that Kiwellins can be differentially regulated upon the interaction of plants with pathogens but also with symbionts. Furthermore, significant differences in Kiwellin expression levels dependent on tissues and cultivars were observed. In summary, our study sheds light on the evolution and regulation of a large protein family and provides a framework for a more detailed understanding of the molecular functions of Kiwellins.
“Loyalty to organizations” or “loyalty to supervisors”? Research on differential leadership and employee loyalty behavior: A perspective of insiders and outsiders

Loyalty has always been a hot topic in the field of organizational behavior, which is of great significance to the operation and management of organizations. Extant studies have found that leadership can have a great impact on loyalty. Differential leadership is a common and unique leadership style in Chinese organizations, but the research between differential leadership and loyalty is still lacking. Based on social exchange theory and social learning theory. This study discusses the relationship between differential leadership and loyalty. By using hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrap method. The results show that differential leadership has a positive effect on employees’ organizational loyalty and supervisory loyalty, and the degree of “loyalty to organizations” is generally lower than “loyalty to supervisors”; under differential leadership style, the supervisory loyalty from insiders is much higher than that from outsiders, but the influence and difference of the two groups (insider and outsider) do not have a significant effect on organizational loyalty. The supervisor developmental feedback mediates the relationship between differential leadership and organizational & supervisory loyalty; power distance positively moderates the relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and organizational & supervisory loyalty, and the higher the perceived power distance of employees, the stronger the indirect effect of developmental feedback from supervisors. This study not only enriches the theory of differential leadership but also provides empirical support for understanding the differences in cognitive behavior between insiders and outsiders.
Learn a prior question-aware feature for machine reading comprehension

Machine reading comprehension aims to train machines to comprehend a given context and then answer a series of questions according to their understanding of the context. It is the cornerstone of conversational reading comprehension and question answering tasks. Recently, researches of Machine reading comprehension have experienced considerable development with more and more semantic features being incorporated into end-to-end neural network models, such as pre-trained word embedding features, syntactic features, context and question interaction features, and so on. However, these methods neglect the understanding of the question itself and the information sought by the question. In this paper, we design an auxiliary question-and-answer matching task to learn the features of different types of questions and then integrate these learned features into a classical Machine reading comprehension model architecture to improve its ability to comprehend the questions. Our auxiliary task relies on a simple Question-Answer Pairs dataset generated by ourselves. And we incorporate the learned question-type information into the Machine reading comprehension model by prior attention mechanism. The model we proposed is named PrA-MRC (Prior Attention on Machine reading comprehension). Empirical results show that our approach is effective and interpretable. Our Question-Answer Pairs model achieves an accuracy of 84% and our PrA-MRC model outperforms the baseline model by +0.7 EM and +1.1 F1 on the SQuAD dataset.
A questionnaire-based validation of metacognitive strategies in writing and their predictive effects on the writing performance of English as foreign language student writers

Introduction This study—drawing upon data from a questionnaire—examined 503 Chinese university students’ metacognitive strategies in writing (MSW). The focus was on Chinese student writers who are learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Methods The examination was conducted through a survey on MSW and a writing test administered at the end of the semester. We employed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for data analysis. Multiple regression analysis was also adopted for understanding the predictive effects of strategies on writing performance. Results The findings provided validity to MSW, including person, task, strategies, planning, monitoring, and evaluating. The different components of MSW were reported to significantly affect the participants’ writing performance. The findings highlight that EFL student writers were aware of metacognitive writing strategies. The MSW survey could be used to assess EFL students’ metacognitive writing strategies and develop curricula in writing strategy training. Conclusion Writing instruction can direct learners’ ability to acquire metacognitive writing strategies, particularly those of planning, monitoring, and evaluating, to build their awareness as agents in EFL writing. Relevant pedagogical implications are discussed.
Mentalizing the patient–Patient experiences with short-term mentalization-based therapy for borderline personality disorder: A qualitative study

Background Mentalization-based therapy (MBT) is an evidence-supported psychotherapy approach for borderline personality disorder (BPD) that has been implemented in mental health services worldwide. Originally, MBT was developed as an 18-months program for BPD. However, a short-term (5 months) MBT program has been developed. Research into patient experiences with long-term MBT for BPD is scarce, and no studies have investigated patient experience with short-term MBT for BPD. Objective The objective of this study was to explore patient experience with short-term MBT for BPD in the Danish mental health services. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 outpatients diagnosed with BPD, who attended short-term MBT for 5 months. The interviews were verbatim transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis with double coding. Results The analysis resulted in four subordinate themes: (1) Treatment duration – too short or appropriately short? , (2) The group as a “safe space,” (3) Bad experiences impacted treatment negatively, and (4) My life has changed for the better. Conclusion The results suggest that most of the patients were overall satisfied with short-term MBT, which they experienced as having a positive impact on their lives. However, a subgroup of patients wanted more therapy. This study highlighted the strengths and limitations of short-term MBT for BPD as experienced by the patients, and points to barriers in developing service-user informed short-term treatment options for BPD.
A transcriptome analysis of Benincasa hispida revealed the pathways and genes involved in response to Phytophthora melonis infection

Wilt disease caused by Phytophthora melonis infection is one of the most serious threats to Benincasa hispida production. However, the mechanism of the response of B. hispida to a P. melonis infection remains largely unknown. In the present study, two B. hispida cultivars with different degrees of resistance to P. melonis were identified: B488 (a moderately resistant cultivar) and B214 (a moderately susceptible cultivar). RNA-seq was performed on P. melonis-infected B488 and B214 12 hours post infection (hpi). Compared with the control, 680 and 988 DEGs were respectively detected in B488 and B214. A KEGG pathway analysis combined with a cluster analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, the MAPK signaling pathway-plant, and plant hormone signal transduction were the most relevant pathways during the response of both B488 and B214 to P. melonis infection, as well as the differentially expressed genes in the two cultivars. In addition, a cluster analysis of transcription factor genes in DEGs identified four genes upregulated in B488 but not in B214 at 6 hpi and 12 hpi, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. These were candidate genes for elucidating the mechanism of the B. hispida response to P. melonis infection and laying the foundation for the improvement of B. hispida.
End-to-end Jordanian dialect speech-to-text self-supervised learning framework

Speech-to-text engines are extremely needed nowadays for different applications, representing an essential enabler in human–robot interaction. Still, some languages suffer from the lack of labeled speech data, especially in the Arabic dialects or any low-resource languages. The need for a self-supervised training process and self-training using noisy training is proven to be one of the up-and-coming feasible solutions. This article proposes an end-to-end, transformers-based model with a framework for low-resource languages. In addition, the framework incorporates customized audio-to-text processing algorithms to achieve a highly efficient Jordanian Arabic dialect speech-to-text system. The proposed framework enables ingesting data from many sources, making the ground truth from external sources possible by speeding up the manual annotation process. The framework allows the training process using noisy student training and self-supervised learning to utilize the unlabeled data in both pre- and post-training stages and incorporate multiple types of data augmentation. The proposed self-training approach outperforms the fine-tuned Wav2Vec model by 5% in terms of word error rate reduction. The outcome of this work provides the research community with a Jordanian-spoken data set along with an end-to-end approach to deal with low-resource languages. This is done by utilizing the power of the pretraining, post-training, and injecting noisy labeled and augmented data with minimal human intervention. It enables the development of new applications in the field of Arabic language speech-to-text area like the question-answering systems and intelligent control systems, and it will add human-like perception and hearing sensors to intelligent robots.
SİVİL HAVACILIK SEKTÖRÜ ÇALIŞANLARININ KADIN YÖNETİCİ ALGILARININ ÖRGÜT İKLİMİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ THE EFFECTS OF WOMAN AS MANAGER PERCEPTIONS OF CIVIL AVIATION SECTOR EMPLOYESS ON ORGAIZATIONAL CLIMATE

The importance of women in management is increasing day by day. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate the perspective to women managers. This study focused on female working in the civil aviation sector. Organizational climate is an important criterion affecting the employees of the enterprise. Organizational climate describes what the mood in organizations is. We think that when the organizational climate is positive, the commitment of the employees increases, and when it is negative, the commitment decreases. The aim of the study is to investigate the perspectives of people working in the civil aviation sector towards women managers and how these perspectives affect the climate in their organization. As a result of the statistical analysis: It is concluded that the civil aviation sector employees have an effect on the perception of women managers and the perception dimensions of women managers have a significant effect on the organizational climate.
Wider Benefits of Eco-Friendly Transportation Projects with Contingent Valuation Method

Various eco-friendly transportation projects are being planned in line with the 2050 carbon neutrality policy. These projects are mainly for pedestrians. It is difficult to evaluate these projects because the method for calculating transportation benefits mainly considers the travel time-saving effect of vehicles. The purpose of this study involves evaluating eco-friendly projects by reflecting on the pedestrians-friendly effect. Specifically, transportation benefits are evaluated by the contingent valuation method (CVM). It is based on willingness to pay (WTP) reflecting landscape effects. The target of this analysis is “The Generalization Project of the Gyeong-in Expressway”. This project involves a plan to build an underground road with the same scale as that of the existing road and change the existing road to a pedestrian-friendly park. This project is ineffective in terms of timesaving. When reflecting CVM, Benefit-Cost (B/C) is 0.96 and when not reflecting CVM, B/C is -0.21, negative benefits are calculated. Benefits are generated due to a decrease in
The magnetized dusty plasma experiment (MDPX)

The magnetized dusty plasma experiment (MDPX) is a newly commissioned plasma device that started operations in late spring, 2014. The research activities of this device are focused on the study of the physics, highly magnetized plasmas, and magnetized dusty plasmas. The design of the MDPX device is centered on two main components: an open bore, superconducting magnet that is designed to produce, in a steady state, both uniform magnetic fields up to 4 Tesla and non-uniform magnetic fields with gradients of 1–2 T m−1 and a flexible, removable, octagonal vacuum chamber that provides substantial probe and optical access to the plasma. This paper will provide a review of the design criteria for the MDPX device, a description of the research objectives, and brief discussion of the research opportunities offered by this multi-institution, multi-user project.
Spoofing Attack Detection in Face Recognition System Using Vision Transformer with Patch-wise Data Augmentation

Spoofing attacks are a serious threat to face recognition systems by malicious third parties since face images can be easily collected from the Internet. In this paper, we propose a spoofing attack detection method using Vision Transformer (ViT), which extracts features based on patches to extract fine features in a face image. We also propose a patch-wise data augmentation to improve the detection accuracy of spoofing attacks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through accuracy evaluation experiments using public datasets.