Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooperation in Queues

A set of agents arrive simultaneously to a service facility. Each agent requires the facility for a certain length of time and incurs a cost for each unit of time spent in queue. Attached to each agent is an index, which is the ratio of her waiting cost rate to processing time. Eciency dictates that the agents be served in decreasing order of their indices. If monetary compensations are disallowed, fairness suggests that agents be served in a random order, each ordering of the agents being equally likely. The ecien t ordering is unfair to agents with low indices; the random service order is typically extremely inecien t. It is well-known that this gap can be bridged by using monetary compensations. This paper is motivated by the need to design compensation schemes that are fair to all the agents. To that end, we propose two solution concepts (RP and CRP cores), which serve to place upper bounds on the cost share of any coalition of agents. The solutions dier in the denition of the expected worth of a coalition, when the agents are served in a random order. A detailed study of these two concepts as well as their compatibility with other fairness criteria (such as the LB core, due to Maniquet) are the main focus of this paper. We show that the RP core may be empty; but the CRP core is always nonempty, is compatible with the LB core, and contains the equal gains solution. Moreover, we provide an ecien t algorithm to nd the the egalitarian solution proposed by Dutta and Ray [8], which equalizes costs among all core solutions. We also explore two natural special-cases: identical waiting cost rates and identical processing times. When the waiting cost rates are identical, we prove that the RP core is nonempty, compatible with the LB core, and in fact contains both the equal gains solution and the equal costs. For the case of identical processing times, we show that the RP core is nonempty and contains all envy-free solutions, but is, in general, incompatible with the LB core.
Inferring priors in compositional cognitive models

We apply Bayesian data analysis to a structured cognitive model in order to determine the priors that support human generalizations in a simple concept learning task. We modeled 250,000 ratings in a “number game” experiment where subjects took examples of a numbers produced by a program (e.g. 4, 16, 32) and rated how likely other numbers (e.g. 8 vs. 9) would be to be generated. This paper develops a data analysis technique for a family of compositional “Language of Thought” (LOT) models which permits discovery of subjects’ prior probability of mental operations (e.g. addition, multiplication, etc.) in this domain. Our results reveal high correlations between model mean predictions and subject generalizations, but with some qualitative mismatch for a strongly compositional prior.
Janus - Multi Source Event Detection and Collection System for Effective Surveillance of Criminal Activity

Recent technological advances provide the opportunity to use large amounts of multimedia data from a multitude of sensors with different modalities (e.g., video, text) for the detection and characterization of criminal activity. Their integration can compensate for sensor and modality deficiencies by using data from other available sensors and modalities. However, building such an integrated system at the scale of neighborhood and cities is challenging due to the large amount of data to be considered and the need to ensure a short response time to potential criminal activity. In this paper, we present a system that enables multi-modal data collection at scale and automates the detection of events of interest for the surveillance and reconnaissance of criminal activity. The proposed system showcases novel analytical tools that fuse multimedia data streams to automatically detect and identify specific criminal events and activities. More specifically, the system detects and analyzes series of incidents (an incident is an occurrence or artifact relevant to a criminal activity extracted from a single media stream) in the spatiotemporal domain to extract events (actual instances of criminal events) while cross-referencing multimodal media streams and incidents in time and space to provide a comprehensive view to a human operator while avoiding information overload. We present several case studies that demonstrate how the proposed system can provide law enforcement personnel with forensic and real time tools to identify and track potential criminal activity. Keywords—Multi-source, Multi-modal Event Detection, Law Enforcement, Criminal Activity, Surveillance, Security, Safety
Monocyte activation and relationship to anti-proteinase 3 in acute vasculitis.

BACKGROUND Monocytes have been suggested to play a role in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis, but their state of activation in vivo in patients is still unknown. METHODS Twelve consecutive patients with acute anti-proteinase 3 (PR3)-positive vasculitis were included prospectively, and blood samples were drawn at diagnosis. As controls, peripheral blood was obtained from a group of patients with acute infection (n = 12) and from healthy controls (n = 12). Monocyte activation was estimated from the expression of adhesion molecules (CD62L and CD11b), production of oxygen radicals and serum concentrations of soluble inflammation markers and adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)]. RESULTS Compared with monocytes from healthy subjects, monocytes from patients with acute vasculitis expressed upregulated CD11b (P < 0.05) but had reduced production of oxygen radicals (P < 0.01). A high concentration of anti-PR3 correlated with decreased expression of CD62L (r = 0.71, P = 0.009) and increased expression of CD11b (r = 0.63, P = 0.02). The serum concentrations of soluble inflammation markers [soluble CD14, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), IL-10 and IL-8] as well as soluble adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1) were increased. Monocytes in patients with acute vasculitis displayed a reduced production of oxygen free radicals (P < 0.01) but similar serum concentrations of soluble inflammation markers and adhesion molecules, as compared with the control group of patients with acute infection and negative PR3-ANCA. CONCLUSIONS High anti-PR3 concentration in patients with acute vasculitis correlated with an activated adhesion molecule phenotype (CD62L(low)/CD11b(high)) in circulating monocytes, indicating a potential pathophysiological role for anti-PR3. An impaired production of oxygen radicals in monocytes in patients with vasculitis compared with those with acute infection may mirror the longer time interval from onset of first symptoms to admission, in patients with vasculitis.
Simultaneous storage of two complex temporal sound patterns in auditory sensory memory

We wished to determine whether multiple sound patterns can be simultaneously represented in the temporary auditory buffer (auditory sensory memory), when subjects have no task related to the sounds. To this end we used the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential, an electric brain response elicited when a frequent sound is infrequently replaced by a different sound. The MMN response is based on the presence of the auditory sensory memory trace of the frequent sounds, which exists whether or not these sounds are in the focus of the subject's attention. Subjects watching a movie were presented with sound sequences consisting of two frequent sound patterns, each formed of four different tones and an infrequent pattern consisting of the first two tones of one of the frequent sound pattern and the last two tones of the other frequent sound pattern. The infrequent sound pattern elicited an MMN, indicating that multiple sound patterns are formed at an early, largely automatic stage of auditory processing.
Rule chaining in Marvel: dynamic binding of parameters

Marvel is a software development environment that uses a rule-based model of the development process. When a user issues a command, Marvel invokes the corresponding rule and binds the rule's formal parameter to the object selected by the user. If firing the rule changes the object in a way that satisfies the conditions of other rules, Marvel automatically fires each of these rules and tries to bind their formal parameters to objects. Marvel must infer which objects to bind to the formal parameters of the rules in the chain. A problem arises when the classes of the objects manipulated by the rules are different, because Marvel has to determine which object to bind to the parameter of each rule in the chain. Recursive data definitions cause chaining between rules that act on different objects in the same class. Methods developed to address this chaining problem are discussed. <<ETX>>
The Murine Nonclassical Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex–like CD1.1 Molecule Protects Target Cells from Lymphokine-activated Killer Cell Cytolysis

Classical class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, as well as the nonclassical class I histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E molecule, can negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity through engagement of NK inhibitory receptors. We show that expression of murine (m)CD1.1, a nonpolymorphic nonclassical MHC class I–like molecule encoded outside the MHC, protects NK-sensitive RMA/S target cells from adherent lymphokine-activated killer cell (A-LAK) cytotoxicity. Passage of effector cells in recombinant interleukin (rIL)-2 enhanced protection by mCD1.1, suggesting an expansion of relevant A-LAK population(s) or modulation of A-LAK receptor expression. Murine CD1.1 conferred protection from lysis by rIL-2–activated spleen cells of recombination activating gene (Rag)-1−/− mice, which lack B and T cells, demonstrating that mCD1.1 can protect RMA/S cells from lysis by NK cells. An antibody specific for mCD1.1 partially restored A-LAK lysis of RMA/S.CD1.1 transfectants, indicating that cell surface mCD1.1 can confer protection from lysis; therefore, mCD1.1 possibly acts through interaction with an NK inhibitory receptor. CD1.1 is by far the most divergent class I molecule capable of regulating NK cell activity. Finally, mCD1.1 expression rendered RMA/S cells resistant to lysis by A-LAK of multiple mouse strains. The conserved structure of mCD1.1 and pattern of mCD1.1 resistance from A-LAK lysis suggest that mCD1.1 may be a ligand for a conserved NK inhibitory receptor.
Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Transformation of SPRITE MRI Data

A new algorithm has been developed which permits extremely accurate and fast computation of the Discrete Fourier Transform for certain sets of non-uniformly sampled data. Specifically, this algorithm can be used to process the data acquired during a Magnetic Resonance Imaging experiment using the SPRITE technique with Multiple Point Acquisition, which samples data non-uniformly in a spatial frequency domain. Non-uniform MRI data is generally processed with an interpolation or regridding algorithm which computes an approximate answer in O(NlogN+Nlog(1/ )) time; the accuracy depends on the parameter and is typically one part in 10. The algorithm developed herein uses a combination of Chirp Z-Transforms (CZT) to compute the Fourier Transform to within one part in 10 (which is on the order of the machine epsilon) in O(NTNlogN) time, where N is the number of points reconstructed and NT is the number of samples collected at each step of the SPRITE experiment. When MRI data is processed by the CZT algorithm, the result is an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of the final image, by a factor of √ NT . Though a resolution increase is also observed in some images, it can be demonstrated that this effect is due entirely to the SNR improvement. This result allows us to use a modified version of the transform which operates in O(NlogN) time for all practical purposes. This algorithm has immediate application in the rapid imaging of low-signal materials, and may also be developed for other uses, such as the numerical solution of differential equations.
Implementation of Fault Detection and Diagnosis System for Control Systems in Thermal Power Plants

A software-based system was developed for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of control systems in typical thermal power plants. For the large-scale industrial processes as thermal power plants, a three-level configuration to build a realtime FDD system is proposed. This configuration includes the component level, loop level and system level. Developed algorithms for each level and systematic approaches and steps to implement the overall diagnostic system are discussed. The developed system has been applied to a real-world thermal power plant to monitor its main control systems
A Combined Adaptive-mixtures/plug-in Estimator of Multivariate Probability Densities 1 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis

A multivariate extension of the plug-in kernel (and ltered kernel) estimator is proposed which uses asymptotically optimal bandwidth matrix (matrices) for a normal mixture approximation of a density to be estimated (the ltered kernel estimator uses diierent matrices for diierent clusters of data). The normal mixture approximation is provided by a recursive version of the EM algorithm whose initial conditions are in turn obtained via an application of the ideas of adaptive mixtures density estimation and AIC-based pruning. Simulations show that the estimator proposed, while it is in fact a rather complex multistage estimation process, provides a very reliable way of estimating arbitrary and highly structured continuous densities on R 2 and, hopefully, R 3 .
Transcriptional Upregulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Rat Primary Astrocytes by a Proteasomal Inhibitor MG132

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a member of serine protease inhibitor family, which regulates the activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In CNS, tPA/PAI-1 activity is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes such as neuronal development, synaptic plasticity and cell survival. To gain a more insights into the regulatory mechanism modulating tPA/PAI-1 activity in brain, we investigated the effects of proteasome inhibitors on tPA/PAI-1 expression and activity in rat primary astrocytes, the major cell type expressing both tPA and PAI-1. We found that submicromolar concentration of MG132, a cell permeable peptide-aldehyde inhibitor of ubiquitin proteasome pathway selectively upregulates PAI-1 expression. Upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA as well as increased PAI-1 promoter reporter activity suggested that MG132 transcriptionally increased PAI-1 expression. The induction of PAI-1 downregulated tPA activity in rat primary astrocytes. Another proteasome inhibitor lactacystin similarly increased the expression of PAI-1 in rat primary astrocytes. MG132 activated MAPK pathways as well as PI3K/Akt pathways. Inhibitors of these signaling pathways reduced MG132-mediated upregulation of PAI-1 in varying degrees and most prominent effects were observed with SB203580, a p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor. The regulation of tPA/PAI-1 activity by proteasome inhibitor in rat primary astrocytes may underlie the observed CNS effects of MG132 such as neuroprotection.
A Statistical Investigation into the Cross-Linguistic Distribution of Mass and Count Nouns: Morphosyntactic and Semantic Perspectives

We collected a database of how 1,434 nouns are used with respect to the mass/count distinction in six languages; additional informants characterized the semantics of the underlying concepts. Results indicate only weak correlations between semantics and syntactic usage. In five out of the six languages, roughly half the nouns in the database are used as pure count nouns in all respects; the other half differ from pure counts over distinct syntactic properties, with fewer nouns differing on more properties, and typically very few at the pure mass end of the spectrum. Such a graded distribution is similar across languages, but syntactic classes do not map onto each other, nor do they reflect, beyond weak correlations, semantic attributes of the concepts. Considerable variability is seen even among speakers of the same language. These findings are in line with the hypo-thesis that much of the mass/count syntax emerges from language- and even speaker-specific grammaticalization.
Three methods of estimating tree attributes using remote sensing data

The main objective of this study was to compare methods to estimate the number of trees and individual tree height using remote sensing data. A Korean pine tree study area for these techniques was selected. the methods of watershed segmentation, region-growing segmentation, and morphological filtering were compared to estimate their accuracy. The algorithm was initiated by developing a normalized digital surface model (NDSM) and classification with LiDAR data and aerial photography. The NDSM of the tree region was prefiltered and information about individual trees was extracted by segmentation and morphological methods. By using local maximum filtering, the tree height was obtained. Field observations were compared with the predicted values for accuracy assessment.
GPGPU Register File Management by Hardware Co-operated Register Reallocation

To support massive parallel threads context, GPGPUs use a huge register file. Due to their size, register file is one of the most power hungry logic in GPGPU. However, the current trends indicate that GPGPU register file size will continue to get even bigger as the demand for higher single instruction multiple thread (SIMT) parallelism increases, particularly in high performance application domain. In order to reduce power consumption demand, in this work, we exploit a fundamental observation that fairly high portion of the register spaces are unnecessarily allocated and burn power due to the fact that the registers are considered as private resource for each warp. For example, even though a register’s value is no longer used by any instruction, the register space should be occupied by the warp during the program execution. In GPGPU, as single register usage in a code context leads to thousands of register space allocation, the power and space overhead due to any wasted register is significant. Instead, we propose to share the register file across warps. In our proposed allocation, a register is released from its physical register space immediately after its last use. Then, the released register space is reassigned to another warp’s register. The compile time register lifetime analysis information is used for providing hint to the hardware about each register’s release point. To enable this register reassignment, we propose a light weight register renaming in hardware. By releasing registers and reusing them across warps, we can reduce the demand for register file size on average by 30% compared with the optimally compiled applications. The reduced live register space leads to an average of 23% and 26% static power saving over a basic sub-array level and individual register level power gating.
Driver authentication using brain waves while route tracing as a mental task

From the viewpoint of user management, continuous or on-demand biometric authentication is effective for achieving higher security. In such a case, the biometrics which is able to present biometric data unconsciously is needed and we have proposed to use the brain wave as the unconscious biometrics. In this paper, assuming driver authentication, we measure brain waves of drivers when they are tracing routes as a mental task. And we evaluate verification performance using the difference between the mean power spectrum at α-β band in relaxed condition and that in mental-tasked condition as an individual feature. As a result, the EER of 31 % is obtained among 12 subjects.
Spectral analysis of myoelectric signals by wavelet methods

The wavelet packet method is introduced as an alternative method for spectral analysis of surface myoelectric (ME) signals. Both computer synthesised and real myoelectric signals during static contractions are investigated, and the results show that the wavelet packet method performs equally well as the Fourier method. Moreover, wavelet packets give one some advantage over the traditional methods such as multiresolution of frequency, as well as its potential use for effecting time-frequency decomposition of the nonstationary signals such as the ME signals during dynamic contractions. The wavelet shrinkage method is also introduced for improving spectral estimates by reducing the mean square errors for both Fourier and wavelet packets estimates.
Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation

A suite of climate change indices derived from daily temperature and precipitation data, with a primary focus on extreme events, were computed and analyzed. By setting an exact formula for each index and using specially designed software, analyses done in different countries have been combined seamlessly. This has enabled the presentation of the most up-to-date and comprehensive global picture of trends in extreme temperature and precipitation indices using results from a number of workshops held in data-sparse regions and high-quality station data supplied by numerous scientists world wide. Seasonal and annual indices for the period 1951-2003 were gridded. Trends in the gridded fields were computed and tested for statistical significance. Results showed widespread significant changes in temperature extremes associated with warming, especially for those indices derived from daily minimum temperature. Over 70% of the global land area sampled showed a significant decrease in the annual occurrence of cold nights and a significant increase in the annual occurrence of warm nights. Some regions experienced a more than doubling of these indices. This implies a positive shift in the distribution of daily minimum temperature throughout the globe. Daily maximum temperature indices showed similar changes but with smaller magnitudes. Precipitation changes showed a widespread and significant increase, but the changes are much less spatially coherent compared with temperature change. Probability distributions of indices derived from approximately 200 temperature and 600 precipitation stations, with near-complete data for 1901-2003 and covering a very large region of the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes (and parts of Australia for precipitation) were analyzed for the periods 1901-1950, 1951-1978 and 1979-2003. Results indicate a significant warming throughout the 20th century. Differences in temperature indices distributions are particularly pronounced between the most recent two periods and for those indices related to minimum temperature. An analysis of those indices for which seasonal time series are available shows that these changes occur for all seasons although they are generally least pronounced for September to November. Precipitation indices show a tendency toward wetter conditions throughout the 20th century.