Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title : An emerging protagonist : Sodium Glucose Co-transporters ( SGLTs ) as a burgeoning target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus Running Title : Sodium Glucose Co-transporters ( SGLTs ) inhibitors targeting type 2 diabetes mellitus

Contemporary therapies to rationalize the hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) generally involve insulin-dependent mechanisms and lose their effectiveness as pancreatic b-cell function decreases to a greater extent. Kidney emerges out as a novel and potential target to trim down the T2DM. The filtered glucose is reabsorbed principally through the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2), a low affinity transport system, which are present at the luminal surface cells that covers the first segment of proximal tubules. Competitive inhibition of SGLT2 therefore represents an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hyperglycaemia and/or obesity in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose and energy loss through the urine. Selective inhibitors of SGLT2 reduce glucose reabsorption, causing excess glucose to be eliminated in the urine; this decreases plasma glucose. SGLT2 inhibitors are coupled with osmotic dieresis and loss of weight which aid in reducing the blood pressure. The observation that individuals with familial renal glycosuria maintain normal long-term kidney function provides some encouragement that this mode of action will not adversely affect renal function. This novel mechanism of targeting kidney for the treatment of T2DM is reasonably valuable and is independent of insulin and clutch with the low risk of hypoglycemia. N at ur e P re ce di ng s : d oi :1 0. 10 38 /n pr e. 20 12 . 7 05 7. 1 : P os te d 31 M ar 2 01 2
Novel interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist gene variations associated with non‐cardia gastric cancer in Japan: Comprehensive analysis of 207 polymorphisms of 11 cytokine genes

Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐induced chronic atrophic gastritis is a high‐risk factor for gastric cancer. Immune responses to H. pylori are involved in gastric mucosal inflammation, and might affect clinical outcome, including the development of gastric cancer. The present study examines the significance of gene polymorphisms of various cytokines in the development of gastric cancer following H. pylori infection.
Deformation theory of asymptotically conical coassociative 4‐folds

Suppose that a coassociative 4‐fold N in ℝ7 is asymptotically conical (AC) to a cone C with rate λ < 1. If λ ∈ [−2, 1) is generic, then we show that the moduli space of coassociative deformations of N that are also AC to C with rate λ is a smooth manifold, and we calculate its dimension. If λ < − 2 and generic, then we show that the moduli space is locally homeomorphic to the kernel of a smooth map between smooth manifolds, and we give a lower bound for its expected dimension. We also derive a test for when N will be planar if λ < − 2 and we discuss examples of AC coassociative 4‐folds.
The attitude and knowledge of intensive care physicians and nurses regarding organ donation in Hungary--it needs to be changed.

BACKGROUND The education of intensive care professionals can influence the number of transplantable organs. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to estimate the attitude and knowledge of intensive care staff as about organ donation. MATERIAL/METHODS The self-completed questionnaire was completed at the Congress of the Hungarian Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy in 2011. Data, including attitudes about donation, attendance in an organ donation course, donation activity, self-reported knowledge of donor management, legislation, transplantation, and aftercare were collected from intensive care specialists (n=179) and nurses (n=103). RESULTS An organ donation course was attended by 53.6% of physicians and 16.7% of nurses (p=0.000); the 59% of doctors and 64.7% of nurses who did not participate in education were not willing to do so. Older staff were more likely to attend the course (p<0.01). Organ donation activity was not influenced by age or type of staff (physician or nurse), but it was higher among staff who attended training (p<0.01). Independently from accepting the presumed consent legislation (91.1%), 66% of intensive care professionals supported the practice of requesting the consent of family for organ retrieval. Self-reported knowledge regarding the Eurotransplant, donor management, the law and ethics of donation, transplantation, and after care for transplanted patients was influenced by age, donation activity, education, type of staff (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Education, including knowledge concerning brain death, donor management and communication with family, needs to be part of the specialist training of intensive care professionals, with a refresher course every fifth year.
Investigations into the potential for using reciprocal pedalling exercise to assess, measure and enhance lower limb function after stroke

Upright Pedalling (UP) exercise offers opportunities for stroke survivors to participate in functional, repetitive lower limb activity with similarities to walking. Such functional activity is required to enhance the brain changes underlying recovery of motor function after stroke. UP might also offer opportunities for assessment and measurement of lower limb impairment during functionally-relevant activity. A systematic review using Cochrane methodology investigated effects of reciprocal pedalling (RP) on lower limb motor function after stroke. Despite some beneficial, though not definitive, effects, it was not possible to make clinical recommendations supporting or refuting RP after stroke, due to inter-study heterogeneity, wide confidence intervals around effect sizes and risks of potential biases. A feasibility study investigated participation in Upright Pedalling (UP) by people in the first month after stroke, with substantial weakness and not able to walk, and explored characterisation of lower limb movement during UP. 84.6 % (n=11) of people tested were able to participate in UP. Smooth, reciprocal pedalling was evident in stroke survivors with substantial weakness, using heterogeneous patterns. Though 84.2% (n=16) of those approached consented to participate, attrition was high due to service reorganisation, with 2.2% (n=9 of 411) of those screened actually randomised. A prospective measurement study explored the reliability and discriminative ability of impairment measures derived during instrumented UP (smoothness of pedalling, muscle activation timing, reciprocity of muscle activity). Results indicated that instrumented UP could be used to discriminate between stroke survivors and healthy age-matched volunteers for timing of onset and offset muscle activation (multi-variate ANOVA, difference in activity according to wheel position, p=0.034) and reciprocal activation (two sample t-test, difference -0.249 (CI: -0.491, -0.010; p=0.044) for quadriceps. It was not possible to establish definitive test-retest repeatability with sufficient precision to make clinical recommendations. UP is a new, promising technology for assessment, rehabilitation and measurement that is worthy of future investigation.
Black Students on White Campuses: 20 Years of Research.

From the 1960s to 1980s people in the United States have witnessed a broad sweep of social change in the country. With issues pertaining to Blacks, people have seen a complex mixture of overt repression, social consciousness, legal changes, backlash, assassinations, political interest, disinterest, and neglect. Higher education has gone about its business during this turbulence. There are many ways in which student affairs professionals might try to understand what Black students have experienced during the last 20 years. The purpose of this article is to examine this period through student affairs research on Black undergraduate students at White institutions. Such an article accomplishes several purposes. First, it allows for a focus on an area in which Black students have had to deal directly with a system largely run by Whites for Whites (Sedlacek & Brooks, 1976). Second, it allows one to step back and get a perspective on where student affairs has been and where it to be going. Third, it puts an emphasis on empirical research rather than commentary, wishful thinking, or frustration. An index of the maturity of the student personnel profession may be found in its success in providing systematic knowledge on which to base its development. The May 1986 issue of the Journal of College Student Personnel, with articles by Brown, Cheatham, and Taylor, provided a lively discussion of how student affairs professionals can learn about Black students on White campuses. Should student affairs professionals go to the literature and see what the research says (Brown, 1986; Cheatham,
SUMS OF TWISTED GL ( 3 ) AUTOMORPHIC L-FUNCTIONS

Let F be a number field and π be an automorphic representation on GLr (AF ). In this paper we consider weighted sums of quadratic twists of the L-function for π , ∑ d L(s, π, χd ) a(s, π, d) Nd −w , where χd is a quadratic character roughly attached to F( √ d)/F . We analyze the properties which the weights a(s, π, d) must satisfy if this is to satisfy a (certain, non-abelian) group of functional equations in (s, w), and show that there is a unique family of weight functions with this property for r ≤ 3. We describe these weights in detail when r = 3. As an application we give, for cuspidal π on GL3(AQ), a new proof of the holomorphicity of the symmetric square L-function of π . We also prove that if π ′ is a cuspidal automorphic representation of GL(2) over Q then infinitely many quadratic twists of the adjoint square L-function of π ′ are nonvanishing at the center of the critical strip. 0. Introduction. This paper concerns double Dirichlet series which may be expressed as weighted sums of quadratic twists of L-functions. In [BFH], a class of double Dirichlet series was proposed as follows. Let π be an automorphic representation of GL(r, A), where A is the adele ring of the global field F , let χπ be the central character of π , and let ω be an idèle class character of A×/F×. Roughly speaking, and restricting ourselves to the quadratic case, the Dirichlet series of interest is: Z0(s, w) = ∑ d L(s, π, χd) ω((d)) Nd −w (0.1) where d runs through classes of F× modulo squares, Nd is the absolute norm, χd is the quadratic character attached to F( √ d), and L(s, π, χd) denotes the twisted L-function of π . As is explained in [BFH], the expectation is that this function of two variables will satisfy two functional equations generating a finite group if r ≤ 3 and an infinite group if r ≥ 4. Unfortunately (0.1) is only an approximation to the actual Dirichlet series which we want. To explain why, let us sketch a method of studying such a series. First, each L-series being summed has a functional equation. Taking into account the power of the conductor of χd which occurs in the epsilon-factor for π ⊗ χd , one sees that there should be a functional equation for Z0(s, w) under the 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 11F66, Secondary 11F70, 11M41, 11N75.
Spinal cord biopsy findings of anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody‐negative recurrent longitudinal myelitis in a patient with sicca symptoms and hepatitis C viral infection

We describe the pathological features of a spinal cord biopsy from a 69‐year‐old woman with anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody‐negative recurrent longitudinal myelitis. Spinal cord MRI showed T2 high‐intensity lesions with strong gadolinium enhancement, when episodes of sensory‐motor impairment were repeated. The radiological abnormality was corrected by corticosteroid administration, but improvement of the symptoms was minimal. Although the patient had sicca symptoms and fulfilled four of the diagnostic criteria for Sjögren syndrome, the diagnosis was excluded, because of infection with hepatitis C virus, an exclusion criterion of Sjögren syndrome. In the spinal cord lesions, necrotic changes affected both myelin and axons. Infiltrating lymphocytes were predominantly T‐cells. The proliferation of small vessels with hyalinization and concomitant occlusive change was remarkable. These pathological findings resembled those previously reported in Sjögren syndrome. Ultrastructurally, the endothelial cells of the small vessels showed features of activated cells and contained vesiculo‐tubular structures in the cytoplasm, indicating that increased blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability might contribute to pathogenesis. We speculated that increased BBB permeability and T‐cell entry in the spinal parenchyma triggered pathological reactions resulting in necrotic changes in the spinal cord. Obstruction of small vessels might add ischemic damage to the lesions. The clinical course and pathological findings indicated that damage progressed rapidly in the spinal cord and was irreversible. The lesions apparently differed from typical demyelination plaques. Faced with such spinal cord lesions, a preventive therapeutic approach is necessary to avoid attack‐associated disability.
Neurobiological mechanisms of conflict resolution and goal-directed behaviour

This thesis investigated theories regarding the neurobiological substrates of conflict resolution in rodents. An operant biconditional discrimination task was used that modelled elements of response conflict similar to that observed in the human Stroop task. Correct performance required the use of incidental (context) cues to guide performance during compound cues that signalled conflicting responses. This task was used to test hypotheses related to the role of dopamine, the frontal cortex and hippocampus in conflict resolution. In addition, a transgenic mouse model of frontotemporal dementia (tau V337M) was used to assess the effects of this mutation on frontal cortex-dependent conflict resolution. The first set of experiments examined the effects of dopaminergic agonists (d- amphetamine and phencyclidine) on conflict resolution in rats. It was found that the modulation of dopamine tone generally disrupted conditional responding as opposed to selectively disrupting conflict resolution. In order to understand how genetic models of human frontal cortex disorders influence conflict resolution, the conflict task was successfully adapted for use with mice. Lesions of the prefrontal cortex in mice selectively disrupted the use of context cues to resolve response conflict. Hippocampal lesions, however, did not disrupt contextual control of response conflict. In contrast to predictions, mice with the tau V337M mutation linked to frontotemporal dementia were not impaired at conflict resolution. However, these mice were impaired in acquisition of a spatial navigation task, indicative of abnormal hippocampal function. In summary, this thesis provides evidence that rats and mice are able to use incidental contextual cues to influence responding during situations in which punctate cues signal conflicting responses. Modulation of dopamine did not influence response conflict in this paradigm. Nevertheless, conflict resolution was reliant upon an intact frontal cortex (but not hippocampus) in rodents. Surprisingly, a mouse genetic model of frontotemporal dementia did not impair conflict resolution but did impair elements of the associative structures supporting performance.
High-Rate and Full-Diversity Space-Time Block Codes with Low Complexity Partial Interference Cancellation Group Decoding

In this letter, we propose a systematic design of space-time block codes (STBC) which can achieve high rate and full diversity when the partial interference cancellation (PIC) group decoding is used at receivers. The proposed codes can be applied to any number of transmit antennas and admit a low decoding complexity while achieving full diversity. For M transmit antennas, in each codeword real and imaginary parts of PM complex information symbols are parsed into P diagonal layers and then encoded, respectively. With PIC group decoding, it is shown that the decoding complexity can be reduced to a joint decoding of M/2 real symbols. In particular, for 4 transmit antennas, the code has real symbol pairwise (i.e., single complex symbol) decoding that achieves full diversity and the code rate is 4/3. Simulation results demonstrate that the full diversity is offered by the newly proposed STBC with the PIC group decoding.
Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care: the first 18 months of a specialist respiratory outreach service to rural and remote Indigenous communities in Queensland, Australia.

OBJECTIVE Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Indigenous Australians. However, there are limited approaches to specialist respiratory care in rural and remote communities that are culturally appropriate. A specialist Indigenous Respiratory Outreach Care (IROC) program, developed to address this gap, is described. METHODS The aim of the present study was to implement, pilot and evaluate multidisciplinary specialist respiratory outreach medical teams in rural and remote Indigenous communities in Queensland, Australia. Sites were identified based on a perception of unmet need, burden of respiratory disease and/or capacity to use the clinical service and capacity building for support offered. RESULTS IROC commenced in March 2011 and, to date, has been implemented in 13 communities servicing a population of approximately 43000 Indigenous people. Clinical service delivery has been possible through community engagement and capacity building initiatives directed by community protocols. CONCLUSION IROC is a culturally sensitive and sustainable model for adult and paediatric specialist outreach respiratory services that may be transferrable to Indigenous communities across Queensland and Australia.
Effects of TLR4 gene silencing on the proliferation and apotosis of hepatocarcinoma HEPG2 cells

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key factors in the innate immune system and initiate an inflammatory response to foreign pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. TLR4-mediated signaling has been implicated in tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis in numerous cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the biological effect of TLR4 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human liver cancer cells and the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of cellular responses following TLR4 gene knockdown. Three TLR4 small interfering (si)RNA constructs, consisting of TLR4-siRNA-1, TLR4-siRNA-2 and TLR4-siRNA-3, were transiently transfected into HepG2 cells using Lipofectamine 2000. TLR4 knockdown was confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The effect of the TLR4 siRNA on tumor cell proliferation was monitored by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and cell apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry. The expression of TLR4-associated proteins, consisting of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), Toll-interleukin-1R-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF3), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα), phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), was detected by western blot analysis. TLR4-siRNA-1 had the strongest knockdown effect and inhibited TLR4 messenger RNA and protein expression. TLR4 knockdown with TLR4-siRNA-1 reduced cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. MyD88, TRIF, IRF3, IκBα, JNK and ERK were markedly suppressed in the cells transfected with TLR4 siRNA. However, nuclear expression of NF-κB and p-IκBα increased in HepG2 cells with TLR4 gene knockdown. The present study revealed that TLR4-mediated signaling plays a key role in the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured hepatocarcinoma cells. Therefore, RNA interference-directed targeting of TLR4 may raise the potential of the application of TLR4 knockdown for liver cancer therapy.
ABPS: An Accurate Backup Path Selecting Approach in Overlay Networks

Routing overlay offers an ideal methodology to improve the end-to-end communicating performance by providing a backup path for any pair of nodes. The current solutions, however, suffer from the simultaneous failures between the default and the selected backup paths. This paper focuses on a crucial issue of selecting a proper backup path to detour around the failures on the default path with high probability. Experiments were conducted to clarify the influence of overlaps between the default and backup paths, which indicated that the overlaps were the root cause of such simultaneous failures. Therefore, we propose ABPS to select a one-hop backup path with both lower communicating delay and less overlaps with the default path. It employs the traceroute probing to enable each node to acquire IP-level path information of the default paths to the other nodes in a full-mesh overlay network. Meanwhile, with the help of Grid Quorum System, when each node distributes its probing results, there is at least one rendezvous node receives enough information for further discovering a backup path for arbitrary pair of nodes. The evaluation results show that ABPS succeeds in improving the availability of the selected backup paths. And the simultaneous failure probability is reduced by about 50 percent, while the fraction of overlapping between the backup path and the default one is dramatically reduced.
A Marriage of Convenience

to dualistic philosophies, Skinnerians have been and always will be a threat to psychologists; consequently, to one degree or another, they will always be antagonistic towards us. While I disagree with their conclusion, I think the rest of Critchfield and FarmerDougan’s commentary is commendable for its review of the punishment literature relevant to both basic and applied work. By the way, I find that Ennio Cipani’s (2004) book, Punishment on Trial: A resource guide to child discipline, is quite good. At the time of this writing, his book is free—simply Google and download it. In sum, as far as Critchfield and Farmer-Dougan’s recipe is concerned, if the psychology department treats them decently and they are not bothered by the agencyism (appeals to an inner causal agency to explain actions) around them, they will be able to have their cake and eat it too.
Quality of Peer Relationships Among Children with Selective Mutism

research suggests that children who are selectively mute have difficulty making friends and have poor outcomes in treatment. Participants were derived from the UNLV Child School Refusal and Anxiety Disorders Clinic. An initial assessment was conducted by the Clinic therapist. The study utilized a demographic form, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule—Parent Version. The current study found that children who are selectively mute ranged in the quality of friendships, and this knowledge may be used to help treatment outcome. Quality of Peer Relationships Among Children with Selective Mutism