Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complications and Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plating for Proximal Humeral Fractures

Background The minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique using periarticular locking plates may be a good option for the repair of displaced proximal humeral fractures. However, axillary nerve complications related to this technique may be underestimated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of the minimally invasive plating, focusing on the complications. Methods The records of 21 consecutive patients treated for proximal humerus fractures using the MIPO technique with locking plates were retrospectively reviewed. These patients were treated between March 2009 and March 2011 with a minimum one-year follow-up. The clinical function, complications, and radiological bony union were evaluated. Results All of the patients, with one exception, showed at least 90 degrees of flexion and abduction at the shoulder joint six months postoperatively. The average Constant scores at three months, six months, and one year follow-ups were 74.0 (range, 62 to 90), 79.4 (range, 64 to 91), and 82.7 (range, 66 to 92), respectively. All of the patients achieved bony union within the average of 3.2 months (range, 2 to 6 months). There was one case of delayed union, one case of intra-articular screw penetration, and one case of axillary nerve paresis (incomplete injury), which did not completely recover during the one year of follow-up. Conclusions The MIPO technique using periarticular locking plates is a useful option for the treatment of selected cases of displaced proximal humeral fractures. However, nerve complications such as axillary nerve paresis should be considered along with implant-related complications when choosing patients for minimally invasive plating.
DBAli: a database of protein structure alignments

SUMMARY The DBAli database includes approximately 35000 alignments of pairs of protein structures from SCOP (Lo Conte et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 257-259, 2000) and CE (Shindyalov and Bourne, Protein Eng., 11, 739-747, 1998). DBAli is linked to several resources, including Compare3D (Shindyalov and Bourne, http://www.sdsc.edu/pb/software.htm, 1999) and ModView (Ilyin and Sali, http://guitar.rockefeller.edu/ModView/, 2001) for visualizing sequence alignments and structure superpositions. A flexible search of DBAli by protein sequence and structure properties allows construction of subsets of alignments suitable for a number of applications, such as benchmarking of sequence-sequence and sequence-structure alignment methods under a variety of conditions. AVAILABILITY http://guitar.rockefeller. edu/DBAli/
MAuscular imbalance and shoulder pain in volleyball attackers

Objective-In overhead sports such as volleyball, baseball, or tennis shoulder problems are very common. The aim of this study was to identify features which may correlate with shoulder problems in volleyball attackers. Methods-30 competitive volleyball at-tackers (mean age 25 years) were included in the study; 15 were suffering from shoulder pain and 15 had no history of shoulder pain. The results were compared with those of a control group of 15 recreational athletes without any overhead sports activities. Results-Volleyball attackers have a different muscular and capsular pattern at the playing shoulder compared to the opposite shoulder. Their playing shoulder is depressed, the scapula lateralised, and the dorsal muscles and the posterior and inferior part of the shoulder capsule shortened. These differences were of more significance in volleyball attackers with shoulder pain than in volleyball players without shoulder pain. In contrast to recreational athletes without any overhead sports activity, there were no significant difference in the comparison of the two shoulders. The histories, clinical and sonographic findings did not reveal further typical features for volleyball attackers with shoulder pain. Conclusions-Muscular balance of the shoulder girdle is very important in this sport. It is therefore imperative to include adequate stretching and muscular training programme for the prevention, as welt as for therapy, of shoulder pain in volley-ball attackers. (BrJt Sports Med 1996;30:256-259)
Public-private partnerships in the light of a sociological analysis on trust : an analytical model

Over the last few years, multiple collaborations between the public employment service (PES) and private firms (market or non-market) have been developing driven by European institutions, especially in the framework of the European strategy for employment which aims at developing the employability of jobseekers (Orianne, 2005). The collaborations take the shape of public-private partnerships (PPP) in the field of employment and professional training.
Foam sclerotherapy: a possible cause of ischaemic stroke?

A 33-year-old man presented with symptomatic varicose great saphenous veins (GSV). His vascular risk factors were limited to active smoking and obesity, and he had no past history of venous pathology. In April 2008, he underwent foam sclerotherapy carried out according to European consensus guidelines.1 A preprocedure duplex colour sonography demonstrated right GSV incompetence. The GSV was cannulated first in order to minimise the delay between foam production and injection. Foam was produced using the Tesssari method, with a 4:1 air:liquid ratio. The patient received a single injection of 4 cm3 of 0.5 % polidocanol foam. The foam was injected with the patient's leg slightly elevated while compressing the sapheno-femoral junction. Compression stockings were applied with the leg elevated. The patient was discharged without any complication. Four hours after injection, the patient suddenly felt nauseous and developed intense vertigo. A diagnosis of transient side effect due to foam sclerotherapy was established, and a symptomatic treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs was started. Five days after symptom onset, the patient was referred to our acute stroke unit because he was still nauseous and unable to stand. The neurological examination showed a left lower facial paresis, mildly …
First class modules for Haskell

Though Haskell’s module language is quite weak, its core language is highly expressive. Indeed, it is tantalisingly close to being able to express much of the structure traditionally delegated to a seperate module language. However, the encodings are awkward, and some situations can’t be encoded at all. In this paper we reﬁne Haskell’s core language to support ﬁrst-class modules with many of the features of ML-style modules. Our proposal cleanly encodes signatures, structures and functors with the appropriate type abstraction and type sharing, and supports recursive modules. All of these features work across compilation units, and interact harmoniously with Haskell’s class system. Coupled with support for staged computation, we believe our proposal would be an elegant approach to run-time dynamic linking of structured code. Our work builds directly upon Jones’ work on parameterised signatures, Odersky and La¨ufer’s system of higher-ranked type annotations, Russo’s semantics of ML modules using ordinary existential and universal quantiﬁcation, and Odersky and Zenger’s work on nested types. We motivate the system by examples, and include a more formal presentation in the appendix.
Hdac6 Knock-Out Increases Tubulin Acetylation but Does Not Modify Disease Progression in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no effective disease modifying treatment. Following-on from studies in HD animal models, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has emerged as an attractive therapeutic option. In parallel, several reports have demonstrated a role for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in the modulation of the toxicity caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, including that of expanded polyglutamine in an N-terminal huntingtin fragment. An important role for HDAC6 in kinesin-1 dependent transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from the cortex to the striatum has also been demonstrated. To elucidate the role that HDAC6 plays in HD progression, we evaluated the effects of the genetic depletion of HDAC6 in the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Loss of HDAC6 resulted in a marked increase in tubulin acetylation throughout the brain. Despite this, there was no effect on the onset and progression of a wide range of behavioural, physiological, molecular and pathological HD-related phenotypes. We observed no change in the aggregate load or in the levels of soluble mutant exon 1 transprotein. HDAC6 genetic depletion did not affect the efficiency of BDNF transport from the cortex to the striatum. Therefore, we conclude that HDAC6 inhibition does not modify disease progression in R6/2 mice and HDAC6 should not be prioritized as a therapeutic target for HD.
Environmental Factors Support the Formation of Specific Bacterial Assemblages on Microplastics

While the global distribution of microplastics (MP) in the marine environment is currently being critically evaluated, the potential role of MP as a vector for distinct microbial assemblages or even pathogenic bacteria is hardly understood. To gain a deeper understanding, we investigated how different in situ conditions contribute to the composition and specificity of MP-associated bacterial communities in relation to communities on natural particles. Polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), and wooden pellets were incubated for 2 weeks along an environmental gradient, ranging from marine (coastal Baltic Sea) to freshwater (waste water treatment plant, WWTP) conditions. The associated assemblages as well as the water communities were investigated applying high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our setup allowed for the first time to determine MP-dependent and -independent assemblage factors as subject to different environmental conditions in one system. Most importantly, plastic-specific assemblages were found to develop solely under certain conditions, such as lower nutrient concentration and higher salinity, while the bacterial genus Erythrobacter, known for the ability to utilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), was found specifically on MP across a broader section of the gradient. We discovered no enrichment of potential pathogens on PE or PS; however, the abundant colonization of MP in a WWTP by certain bacteria commonly associated with antibiotic resistance suggests MP as a possible hotspot for horizontal gene transfer. Taken together, our study clarifies that the surrounding environment prevailingly shapes the biofilm communities, but that MP-specific assemblage factors exist. These findings point to the ecological significance of specific MP-promoted bacterial populations in aquatic environments and particularly in plastic accumulation zones.
Discriminative feature domains for reverberant acoustic environments

Several speech processing and audio data-mining applications rely on a description of the acoustic environment as a feature vector for classification. The discriminative properties of the feature domain play a crucial role in the effectiveness of these methods. In this work, we consider three environment identification tasks and the task of acoustic model selection for speech recognition. A set of acoustic parameters and Machine Learning algorithms for feature selection are used and an analysis is performed on the resulting feature domains for each task. In our experiments, a classification accuracy of 100% is achieved for the majority of tasks and the Word Error Rate is reduced by 20.73 percentage points for Automatic Speech Recognition when using the resulting domains. Experimental results indicate a significant dissimilarity in the parameter choices for the composition of the domains, which highlights the importance of the feature selection process for individual applications.
Neuroanatomical effects of neonatal transection of the corpus callosum in hamsters

Newborn hamsters were subjected to surgical transection of their corpora callosa under hypothermic anesthesia. After completion of their development, one group of animals had their brains prepared for cyto‐ and myeloarchitectonic analysis. Another group had a small pellet of polyacrylamide gel containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) implanted in different cortical loci. All were perfused with fixatives and had their brains cut into serial sections. The operated brains showed the following anatomical features: (1) The corpus callosum was partially or totally absent; (2) an abnormal longitudinal bundle was present bilaterally underneath the white matter; and (3) except for the physical displacement of some medial structures, the general architecture of the brain appeared unchanged. Analysis of HRP material revealed that (1) the longitudinal bundle contains cortical fibers, of which at least some are commissural; (2) these cortical fibers display a topographic arrangement within the bundle. Results suggest that brain anatomy of “surgical” acallosal hamsters compares closely with that observed in mice with congenital defects of the corpus callosum, a spontaneous condition which also occurs in humans.
Rechtspluralismus und überlappende Souveränitäten: Globalisierung und der »listige Staat« in Indien

The article addresses the issues of legal plurality, overlapping sovereignties, the consequent fragmentation of state action and the increasing unaccountability of international financial and trade organizations, transnational corporations as well as of states and NGOs which characterize the new architecture of global governance. It will be argued that the widely prevalent diagnosis of the irrelevance of the state and an erosion of its sovereignty overlooks the continued importance of the state as its laws and policies play a key role in transposing neo-liberal agendas to the national and local levels. The article introduces the idea of the cunning state in an attempt to shift the focus of study from a consideration of state (in)capacity measured against a Western ideal to a delineation of state strategies. It is argued that whereas weak states lack the capacity to protect the interests of vulnerable citizens, cunning states show strength or weakness depending on the domestic interests at stake. The paper focuses on the dynamic of legal politics against impoverishment and dispossession caused by the new global designs of intellectual property protection, biodiversity conservation and privatisation of the commons in India. The case studies point to the emergence of intertwined structures of rule, overlapping sovereignties and complex processes of legal transnationalisation that have reconfigured the relations between law, state, and territoriality. They also reveal pragmatic issue-based alliances between civil society and the state. Finally, they point to the need to ground the study of globalisation in a fine-grained ethnography, linking the little to the large and to explore the specificity of various trajectories of legal plurality and its transnationalisation in particular contexts and cases.
High-performance high-κ/metal gates for 45nm CMOS and beyond with gate-first processing

Gate-first integration of band-edge (BE) high-κ/metal gate nFET devices with dual stress liners and silicon-on-insulator substrates for the 45nm node and beyond is presented. We show the first reported demonstration of improved short channel control with high-κ/metal gates (HK/MG) enabled by the thinnest Tinv (≪12Å) for BE nFET devices to-date, consistent with simulations showing the need for ≪14Å Tinv at Lgate≪35nm. We report the highest BE HK/MG nFET Idsat values at 1.0V operation. We also show for the first time BE high-κ/metal gate pFET's fabricated with gate-first high thermal budget processing with thin Tinv (≪13Å) and low Vts appropriate for pFET devices. The reliability in these devices was found to be consistent with technology requirements. Integration of high-κ/metal gate nFET's into CMOS devices yielded large SRAM arrays.
A Sensitive Amphotericin B Immunoassay for Pharmacokinetic and Distribution Studies

ABSTRACT Since currently used assays of amphotericin B (AMB) lack sensitivity or are not easily adaptable in all laboratories, we have developed an enzyme immunoassay for AMB in biological fluids and tissues. Antibodies to AMB were raised in rabbits after administration of an AMB-bovine serum albumin conjugate. The enzymatic tracer was obtained by coupling AMB via its amino group to acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). These reagents were used for the development of a competitive immunoassay performed on microtitration plates. The limit of quantification was 100 pg/ml in plasma and 1 ng/g in tissues. The plasma assay was performed directly without extraction on a minimal volume of 0.1 ml. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were in the range of 5 to 17%, and the recoveries were 92 to 111% for AMB added to human plasma. The assay was applied to a pharmacokinetic study with mice given AMB intraperitoneally at the dose of 1 mg/kg. The drug distribution in selected compartments (plasma, liver, spleen, lung, and brain) was monitored until 72 h after administration. In conclusion, our assay is at least 100-fold more sensitive than previously described bioassays or chromatographic determinations of AMB and may be useful in studying the tissue pharmacokinetics of new AMB formulations and in drug monitoring in clinical situations.
Transient anchorage of cross-linked glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol–anchored proteins depends on cholesterol, Src family kinases, caveolin, and phosphoinositides

How outer leaflet plasma membrane components, including glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol–anchored proteins (GPIAPs), transmit signals to the cell interior is an open question in membrane biology. By deliberately cross-linking several GPIAPs under antibody-conjugated 40-nm gold particles, transient anchorage of the gold particle–induced clusters of both Thy-1 and CD73, a 5′ exonucleotidase, occurred for periods ranging from 300 ms to 10 s in fibroblasts. Transient anchorage was abolished by cholesterol depletion, addition of the Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor PP2, or in Src-Yes-Fyn knockout cells. Caveolin-1 knockout cells exhibited a reduced transient anchorage time, suggesting the partial participation of caveolin-1. In contrast, a transmembrane protein, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, exhibited transient anchorage that occurred without deliberately enhanced cross-linking; moreover, it was only slightly inhibited by cholesterol depletion or SFK inhibition and depended completely on the interaction of its PDZ-binding domain with the cytoskeletal adaptor EBP50. We propose that cross-linked GPIAPs become transiently anchored via a cholesterol-dependent SFK-regulatable linkage between a transmembrane cluster sensor and the cytoskeleton.
Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Air Temperature Variability: 1840–2007*

Meteorological station records and regional climate model output are combined to develop a continuous 168-yr (1840-2007) spatial reconstruction of monthly, seasonal, and annual mean Greenland ice sheet near-surface air temperatures. Independent observations are used to assess and compensate for systematic errors in the model output. Uncertainty is quantified using residual nonsystematic error. Spatial and temporal temperature variability is investigated on seasonal and annual time scales. It is found that volcanic cooling episodes are concentrated in winter and along the western ice sheet slope. Interdecadal warming trends coincide with an absence of major volcanic eruptions. Year 2003 was the only year of 1840-2007 with a warm anomaly that exceeds three standard deviations from the 1951-80 base period. The annual whole ice sheet 1919-32 warming trend is 33% greater in magnitude than the 1994-2007 warming. The recent warming was, however, stronger along western Greenland in autumn and southern Greenland in winter. Spring trends marked the 1920s warming onset, while autumn leads the 1994-2007 warming. In contrast to the 1920s warming, the 1994-2007 warming has not surpassed the Northern Hemisphere anomaly. An additional 1.08-1.5 degrees C of annual mean warming would be needed for Greenland to be in phase with the Northern Hemispheric pattern. Thus, it is expected that the ice sheet melt rates and mass deficit will continue to grow in the early twenty-first century as Greenland's climate catches up with the Northern Hemisphere warming trend and the Arctic climate warms according to global climate model predictions.
3D Quantitative Evaluation System for Autostereoscopic Display

Quality of three-dimensional (3D) displays depends on optical apparatus setups and image generation algorithms. We present a 3D quantitative evaluation method and develop a corresponding system to evaluate the performance of 3D autostereoscopic display. The evaluation system consists of a set of dedicated 3D evaluation reference patterns, a 3D image acquisition platform and a personal computer for auto-control, image processing, and quantitative analysis. Using the proposed method and system, we evaluate resolution, viewing angle, accuracy of image depth, and quality of displayed image of the 3D autostereoscopic display. Furthermore, we perform the evaluation experiments using two integral photography-based 3D displays. The quantificational evaluation results of main parameters are largely consistent with results of theoretical analysis of evaluated displays and well verify feasibility and availability of the evaluation system. An application experiment using one lenticular-based 3D display is also conducted to verify the universality of our proposed evaluation system.
Sensitivity of human glioma U‐373MG cells to radiation and the protein kinase C inhibitor, calphostin C

We assessed the radiosensitivity of the grade III human glioma cell line U‐373MG by investigating the effects of radiation and the specific protein kinase C inhibitor, calphostin C on the cell cycle and cell proliferation. Irradiated glioma U‐373MG cells progressed through G1‐S and underwent an arrest in G2‐M phase. The radiosensitivity of U‐373MG cells to graded doses of either photons or electrons was determine by microculture tetrazolium assay. The data was fitted to the linear‐quadratic model. The proliferation curves demonstrated that U‐373MG cells appear to be highly radiation resistant since 8 Gy was required to achieve 50% cell mortality. Compared to radiation alone, exposure to calphostin C (250 n m) 1 h prior to radiation decreased the proliferation of U‐373MG by 76% and calphostin C provoked a weakly synergistic effect in concert with radiation. Depending on the time of application following radiation, calphostin C produced an additive or less than additive effect on cell proliferation. We postulate that the enhanced radiosensitivity observed when cells are exposed to calphostin C prior to radiation may be due to direct or indirect inhibition of protein kinase C isozymes required for cell cycle progression.