Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Purinergic Receptors in Cancer-Induced Bone Pain

Cancer-induced bone pain severely compromises the quality of life of many patients suffering from bone metastasis, as current therapies leave some patients with inadequate pain relief. The recent development of specific animal models has increased the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer-induced bone pain including the involvement of ATP and the purinergic receptors in the progression of the pain state. In nociception, ATP acts as an extracellular messenger to transmit sensory information both at the peripheral site of tissue damage and in the spinal cord. Several of the purinergic receptors have been shown to be important for the development and maintenance of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, and studies have demonstrated the importance of both peripheral and central mechanisms. We here provide an overview of the current literature on the role of purinergic receptors in cancer-induced bone pain with emphasis on some of the difficulties related to studying this complex pain state.
Gathering Emotional Data from Multiple Sources

Collecting and processing data in order to detect and recognize emotions has become a research hot topic in educational scenarios. We have followed a multimodal approach to collect and process data from different sources to support emotion detection and recognition. To illustrate the approach, in this demo, participants will be shown what emotional data can be gathered while solving Math problems.
Predomination and New Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Captive Nonhuman Primates in Zoos in China: High Genetic Diversity and Zoonotic Significance

To appreciate the genetic diversity and zoonotic implications of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in nonhuman primates (NHPs) in zoos, we genotyped E. bieneusi in captive NHPs in seven zoos located at six major cities in China, using ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR and sequence analyses. A total of 496 fecal specimens from 36 NHP species under nine families were analyzed and E. bieneusi was detected in 148 (29.8%) specimens of 25 NHP species from six families, including Cercopithecidae (28.7%), Cebidae (38.0%), Aotidae (75.0%), Lemuridae (26.0%), Hylobatidae (50.0%) and Hominidae (16.2%) (P = 0.0605). The infection rates were 29.0%, 15.2%, 18.2%, 37.3%, 29.2%, 37.7% and 44.8% in Shijiazhuang Zoo, Wuhan Zoo, Taiyuan Zoo, Changsha Wild Animal Zoo, Beijing Zoo, Shanghai Zoo and Shanghai Wild Animal Park, respectively (P = 0.0146). A total of 25 ITS genotypes were found: 14 known (D, O, EbpC, EbpA, Type IV, Henan-IV, BEB6, BEB4, Peru8, PigEBITS5, EbpD, CM1, CM4 and CS-1) and 11 new (CM8 to CM18). Genotype D was the most prevalent one (40/148), followed by CM4 (20/148), CM1 (15/148), O (13/148), CM16 (13/148), EbpC (11/148). Of them, genotypes D, EbpC, CM4 and O were widely distributed in NHPs (seen in 9 to 12 species) whereas genotypes CM1 and CM16 were restricted to one to three NHP species. In phylogenetic analysis, 20 genotypes (121/148, 81.8%), excluding genotypes BEB4, BEB6, CM9, CM4 and CM18, belonged to group 1 with zoonotic potential. New genotype CM9 clustered in group 2 with BEB4 and BEB6. The remaining two genotypes CM4 and CM18 formed new cluster (group 9) in between two other genotypic clusters found in primates. The findings of high diversity in E. bieneusi genotypes and their zoonotic potentiality concluded the importance of captive NHPs as reservoir hosts for human microsporidiosis.
Performance Evaluation of AG Block Turbo Codes over Fading Channels Using BPSK

This paper will present in details the concept of block turbo design in Algebraic Geometric (AG) codes constructed from Hermitian curves defined over finite fields, and the iterative decoding of the constructed block turbo codes using a High Input-High Output (HIHO) decoding technique based on Sakata's algorithm with Majority Voting (MV) technique and Chase-Pyndiah's Algorithm to extract a soft output from the hard output of the AG decoder. Then will present the simulation results of Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance of Algebraic Geometric- Block Turbo Codes (AG-BTCs) compared with the BER performance of Reed Solomon- Block Turbo Codes (RS-BTCs) of about same size and relatively similar rate over different finite fields using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation scheme.
The Difference a Day Makes - Recognizing Important Events in Daily Context Logs

We study the extension of context ontologies towards enhanced qualitative spatio-temporal representations and reasoning. Our goal is to model and extract events that are important to the user from her context log, i.e. the history of context data collected over a longer period. We present a case study based on actual context ontologies and context data from the ContextWatcher mobile application. The presented work has been fully implemented in the DL-based reasoning engine RACERPRO.
Characterization of the early stages of thymic NKT cell development

Upon reaching the mature heat stable antigen (HSA)low thymic developmental stage, CD1d-restricted Vα14-Jα18 thymocytes undergo a well-characterized sequence of expansion and differentiation steps that lead to the peripheral interleukin-4/interferon-γ–producing NKT phenotype. However, their more immature HSAhigh precursors have remained elusive, and it has been difficult to determine unambiguously whether NKT cells originate from a CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) stage, and when the CD4+ and CD4−CD8− double-negative (DN) NKT subsets are formed. Here, we have used a CD1d tetramer-based enrichment strategy to physically identify HSAhigh precursors in thymuses of newborn mice, including an elusive DPlow stage and a CD4+ stage, which were present at a frequency of ∼10−6. These HSAhigh DP and CD4+ stages appeared to be nondividing, and already exhibited the same Vβ8 bias that characterizes mature NKT cells. This implied that the massive expansion of NKT cells is separated temporally from positive selection, but faithfully amplifies the selected TCR repertoire. Furthermore, we found that, unlike the DN γδ T cells, the DN NKT cells did not originate from a pTα-independent pathway bypassing the DP stage, but instead were produced during a short window of time from the conversion of a fraction of HSAlow NK1.1neg CD4 cells. These findings identify the HSAhigh CD4+ stage as a potential branchpoint between NKT and conventional T lineages and between the CD4 and DN NKT sublineages.
How Large are Search Frictions ? ( Preliminary version )

This paper presents strong evidence for the concavity of wages in job and worker characteristics by adding second order terms to a Mincerian earnings function. Under a standard normality assumption, this concavity cannot be attributed to unobserved components in either of these characteristics. A search model provides a parsimonious explanation for our findings. This model yields two restrictions on the coefficients which fit the data very well. Search frictions have a large impact on wages. Our results relate to the literatures on industry wage differentials, on structural identification in hedonic models, and on wage posting versus Nash bargaining in search models.
A Comparison of the Effects of Aerobic and Intense Exercise on the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Marker Adipokines, Adiponectin and Retinol Binding Protein-4

With a more sedentary population comes growing rates of obesity and increased type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Exercise generally induces positive changes in traditional T2DM risk markers such as lipids, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity; however alterations in concentrations of many circulating cytokines and their respective receptors are also becoming apparent. These cytokines may be early-response health risk factors otherwise overlooked in traditional T2DM risk marker analysis. Plasma levels of two adipocyte-originating cytokines, adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP-4), alter following exercise. Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-insulin resistance roles and its secretion increases with physical activity, whilst elevated RBP-4 leads to increased insulin resistance, and secretion decreases with increasing physical activity; thus these plasma adipokine levels alter favourably following exercise. Although current data are limited, they do suggest that the more intense the exercise, the greater the positive effect on plasma RBP-4 levels, whilst lower intensity aerobic exercise may positively improve adiponectin concentrations. Therefore short-duration, high intensity training may provide a time-efficient alternative to the recommended 150 min moderate aerobic exercise per week in providing positive changes in RBP-4 and other traditional T2DM risk markers and due to increased compliance give greater health benefits over the longer term.
Spectral Methods for Thesaurus Construction

Traditionally, popular synonym acquisition methods are based on the distributional hypothesis, and a metric such as Jaccard coefficients is used to evaluate the similarity between the contexts of words to obtain synonyms for a query. On the other hand, when one tries to compile and clean a thesaurus, one often already has a modest number of synonym relations at hand. Could something be done with a half-built thesaurus alone? We propose the use of spectral methods and discuss their relation to other network-based algorithms in natural language processing (NLP), such as PageRank and Bootstrapping. Since compiling a thesaurus is very laborious, we believe that adding the proposed method to the toolkit of thesaurus constructors would significantly ease the pain in accomplishing this task.
On the Determination of the Rotational Oblateness of Achernar

The recent interferometric study of Achernar, leading to the conclusion that its geometrical oblateness cannot be explained by the Roche approximation, has stirred substantial interest in the community, in view of its potential impact on many fields of stellar astrophysics. It is the purpose of this Letter to reinterpret the interferometric observations with a fast-rotating, gravity-darkened central star surrounded by a small equatorial disk, whose presence is consistent with contemporaneous spectroscopic data. We find that we can fit the available data only assuming a critically rotating central star. We identified two different disk models that simultaneously fit the spectroscopic, polarimetric, and interferometric observational constraints: a tenuous disk in hydrostatic equilibrium (i.e., with small scale height) and a smaller, scale height enhanced disk. We believe that these relatively small disks correspond to the transition region between the photosphere and the circumstellar environment and that they are probably perturbed by some photospheric mechanism. The study of this interface between photosphere and circumstellar disk for near-critical rotators is crucial to our understanding of the Be phenomenon and the mass and angular momentum loss of stars in general. This work shows that it is nowadays possible to directly study this transition region from simultaneous multitechnique observations.
Hayvan ve İnsan Davranışlarının Biyokimyasal, Endokrinolojik ve Hematolojik Parametreler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Bu calismanin amaci, biyokimyasal, endokrinolojik ve hematolojik parametrelerin hayvan ve insan davranislarina etkileri uzerine yayinlanan arastirma makaleleri ve derlemelerin incelenerek, bu inceleme neticesinde laboratuar test sonuclara gore davranis sekillerinin neler olacagini ortaya koymaktir. Pubmed veritabaninda " biyokimyasal, endokrinolojik ve hematolojik parametreler, davranis degisikligi, vitamin-mineral yetersizligi" anahtar kelimeleri kullanilarak yayinlanmis makaleler ve derlemeler taranmis, kan parametreleri ile davranislar arasindaki iliskiler incelenmistir. Laboratuar tahlilleri sonucu elde edilen bu parametrelerin hayvan ve insan davranislarina yansimasi ile davranis sekillerinde gorulen degisiklikler ele alinmistir. Tedavide, klinik muayenelerle birlikte biyokimyasal, endokrinolojik ve hematolojik parametre degisikliklerinin izlenmesi ile de daha saglikli ve guvenilir sonuclara ulasilacaktir.
The contribution of unresolved radio-loud AGN to the extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray background

We present a calculation of the blazar contribution to the extragalactic diffuse γ-ray background (EGRB) in the EGRET energy range. Our model is based on inverse-Compton scattering as the dominant γ-ray production process in the jets of flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lac objects, and on the unification scheme of radio-loud AGN. According to this picture, blazars represent the beamed fraction of the Fanaroff–Riley radio galaxies (FR galaxies). The observed log N–log S distribution and redshift distribution of both FSRQs and BL Lacs constrain our model. Depending slightly on the evolutionary behaviour of blazars, we find that unresolved AGN underproduce the intensity of the extragalactic background radiation. With our model only 20–40 per cent of the extragalactic background emission can be explained by unresolved blazars if we integrate to a maximum redshift of Zmax=3. For Zmax=5, blazars could account for 40–80 per cent of the EGRB. Roughly 70–90 per cent of the AGN contribution to the EGRB would result from BL Lacs. While the systematic uncertainties in our estimate for the FSRQ contribution appear small, in the case of BL Lacs our model parameters are not consistent with the results from studies in other wavelength regimes, and therefore may have larger systematic uncertainties. Thus we end up with two possibilities, depending on whether we underpredict or overpredict the BL Lac contribution: either unresolved AGN cannot account for the entire EGRB, or unresolved BL Lacs produce the observed background. We predict a significant flattening of the γ-ray log N–log S function in the next two decades of flux below the EGRET threshold.
Clustering acronyms in biomedical text for disambiguation

Given the increasing number of neologisms in biomedicine (names of genes, diseases, molecules, etc.), the rate of acronyms used in literature also increases. Existing acronym dictionaries cannot keep up with the rate of new creations. Thus, discovering and disambiguating acronyms and their expanded forms are essential aspects of text mining and terminology management. We present a method for clustering long forms identified by an acronym recognition method. Applying the acronym recognition method to MEDLINE abstracts, we obtained a list of short/long forms. The recognized short/long forms were classified by abiologist to construct an evaluation set for clustering sets of similar long forms. We observed five types of term variation in the evaluation set and defined four similarity measures to gathers the similar longforms (i.e., orthographic, morphological, syntactic, lexico semantic variants, nested abbreviations). The complete-link clustering with the four similarity measures achieved 87.5% precision and 84.9% recall on the evaluation set.
Introduction to digital gazetteer research

Digital gazetteers provide information on named features, linking the feature's name with its location and its type. They have been growing in importance recently as the basis of a range of services, including way‐finding, georeferencing, and intelligence. This introduction to the following collection of five research papers expands on contemporary applications of digital gazetteers, explores the issues associated with each of the three types of information, and defines three broad areas of research: the components of gazetteers; the process by which places are named and evolve; and the issues of interoperability between digital gazetteers. Each area is represented by at least one paper in the collection. Digital gazetteers increasingly form the interface between the informal discourse of humans and the formal world of geographic information science.
Analysis of monolithic I/Q based impedance measurement circuits: Impact of non-ideal circuit effects on accuracies

I/Q demodulation technique is widely used in monolithic circuits for impedance measurement. The measurement accuracy of impedance is vital for various biomedical applications. The measurement accuracies of the impedance based on the I/Q demodulation was reported around 2%. This paper serves to investigate degradation of measurement accuracy due to non-ideal circuit effects, such as DC components in stimulation currents, offset of amplifiers and frequency-dependent gain in amplifier as well as angular deviation of the I/Q signals. The measurement errors due to the non-ideal effects of practical analog circuits are evaluated mathematically. The errors are quantified in terms of the real part (Er) and imaginary part (Ei) of the impedance. From the results, we gathered that the errors in the real and imaginary parts are both proportional to gain fluctuation. With angular derivation of the I/Q signals from −9° to 9° and an impedance phase difference of 1° to 89°, Er is noted to vary from −6.6% to 4.15%. On the other hand, Ei is noted to range from −896% to 894%. In circuit implementation, the measured Er is around 1%. As for the imagery part, the measurement accuracy suffers greatly, even up to 109% with just 1° angular deviation of the I/Q signals. The findings here are beneficial for impedance measurement circuitry design, providing a clear instruction on how to enhance the measurement accuracies.
Confirmation of Genomewide Association Signals in Chinese Han Population Reveals Risk Loci for Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— The first genomewide association study of ischemic stroke in whites has identified multiple susceptibility loci. We confirmed this study by examining associations with ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population. Methods— Twenty-five common variants were genotyped in a relatively large sample size including 1123 subjects with ischemic stroke cases (thrombosis stroke=716, lacunar infarction=407) and 557 normal control subjects. The association analyses were performed at both single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype levels. False discovery rate q value method was applied for multiple testing corrections. Results— rs11052413, a intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism, was most significantly associated with ischemic stroke independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in additive (OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.19 to 1.92, P=7.4×10−4, q=0.018) and dominant models (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.20 to 2.08, P=9.2×10−4, q=0.023). In addition, both ZNF650 rs10204475 and intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism rs10486776 were associated with ischemic stroke as well as independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in dominant models (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.12 to 1.96, P=0.005, q=0.040 and OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.15 to 2.02, P=0.003, q=0.036, respectively). No significant results were found in stroke subtype analysis after multiple corrections. Conclusion— Our study confirmed previously reported associations between ischemic stroke and rs11052413, rs10486776, and ZNF 650 rs10204475 in a Chinese Han population. The mechanism whereby the genetic variants exert their effects on ischemic stroke remains to be further elucidated.
BASIC CONCEPT OF YOGA AND ITS HEALTH BENEFITS- A SHORT REVIEW

Yoga is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices which has its root in ancient India. Yoga is a complete science by itself being a holistic and very scientific background. These days everyone is suffering from some sort of lifestyle disorders, anxiety, stress, depression etc. and almost all streams of medicines have their limitations for these diseases. Ancient Acharyas have given the world a gift called Yoga which is proving extremely beneficial from children to adults to get relief from life style disorders. Yoga science is magnificently described in many ancient treatises like Vedas, Bhagavdgita, Yogavashishta, Patanjal Yogasutra, Gherand Samhita. Yoga is accomplished by Asthanga known as Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi. Now-a-days, millions and millions of people across the globe have benefitted by the practice of Yoga which has been preserved and promoted by the great eminent Yoga Masters from ancient time to this date.
ECCENTRICITY BASED TOPOLOGICAL INDICES OF THE JOIN OF k GRAPHS

The join of k vertex disjoint graphs G1, G2, · · · , Gk denoted by G = G1 ∨ G2 ∨ G3 ∨ · · · ∨ Gk, is obtained from their union by including all edges between the vertices in Gi and the vertices in Gj , where i, j = 1, 2, · · · , k and i 6= j. In this paper, we given an explict formula to calculate the eccentric connectivity index and eccentric distance sum index of the join of k graphs. AMS Subject Classification: 05C07, 05C12
An Effective Classification Framework for Brain–Computer Interfacing Based on a Combinatoric Setting

This paper proposes a general framework that is able to define a set of classification algorithms for brain-computer interfacing (BCI). We define a distributed representation of the EEG based on multichannel autoregressive models. In a subsequent step, we extend this multichannel modeling in a combinatoric setting, which is able to describe with a class of nonlinear combinatoric operators the embedded relationships that the EEG shows in the manifolds. The generality and the flexibility of the nonlinear combinatoric operators and their mathematical properties allow the design of an indefinite number of classification algorithms each displaying relevant properties, such as linearity with respect to the parameters, noise rejection, low computational complexity of the classification procedure. In such a way, we obtain an intuitive and rigorous way to design new BCI algorithms. As an example of this theoretical framework, we present a novel classification algorithm based on four properties of this nonlinear combinatoric operator. The method was validated on the classification of single-trial EEG signals recorded during motor imagination, and it was compared on two additional standard datasets obtained from the BCI competition, with other feature extraction and classification techniques based on common spatial pattern, common spatial subspace decomposition and Fisher discriminant analysis, linear discriminant analysis, Markov chains, and expectation maximization. In conclusion, the proposed framework is suited for a broad number of BCI applications.
Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks : Modeling and Performance Evaluation

Nowadays, ’Cognitive Radio’ (CR) is one of the most promising concepts which facilitate the flexible usage of radio spectrum and enhance the spectrum utilization by enabling unlicensed users to exploit the spectrum in opportunistic manner. However, the most important challenge is to share the licensed spectrum without interfering with transmission of other licensed users. Therefore, to alleviate the above problems a proactive spectrum management schemes has been designed to access the unoccupied spectrum opportunistically with minimum latency. The primary function of the management schemes is to characterize the available channels based on spectrum sensing of CR node and create a backup channel list for further use. In this paper, we model the licensed users’ activity and create a scheme to build up available channel list and backup channel list. Our simulation results show that, around 65% enhancement of channel utilization can be achieved through