Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phonological priming in auditory word recognition :initial overlap facilitation effect varies as a function of target word frequency

Utilisant une tâche de Shadowing, nous avons examine dans deux experiences, les effets facilitateurs du recouvrement phonologique, lorsque des amorces et des cibles partagent les premiers phonemes. Sous des conditions experimentales incluant 25 % de paires amorces et cibles reliees et un ISI de 50 ms, nous avons replique dans l’Experience 1, les resultats de Spinelli, Segui et Radeau (2001). Une facilitation de traitement a ete observee lorsque des mots-cibles bisyllabiques (coulisse) etaient precedes d’une amorce monosyllabique (cou) mais pas lorsqu’ils etaient precedes d’une amorce bisyllabique (couture). Dans l’Experience 2, nous avons etendu les resultats de Spinelli et al. et montre qu’une facilitation est susceptible d’etre observee avec des amorces bisyllabiques, lorsque les mots-cibles sont de haute frequence mais pas lorsqu’ils sont de basse frequence. Les resultats suggerent que la frequence des mots est un facteur important pour l’observation d’effets facilitateurs.
Crust and mantle thickening beneath the southern portion of the Southern Alps, New Zealand

SUMMARY An 8.54 ± 0.20 km s−1Pn speed is estimated on a line oriented ca. N5°E from the Alpine Fault beneath the Southern Alps of South Island based on a refraction experiment that uses the Fiordland earthquake of August 2003 as a source. This high Pn speed results from both strong anisotropy in the mantle lid of 7–13 per cent and a high Pn speed average of 8.3 ± 0.3 km s−1. A maximum crustal thickness of 48 ± 4 km is calculated for the southern South Island near the town of Wanaka. This represents a crustal root of about 18 km, compared to measured crustal thicknesses at the east and west coasts of the South Island. The average topography in the southern Southern Alps is of the order of ∼1000 m, which is less than half that predicted by Airy isostasy for an 18 km crustal root. As recently proposed for the central South Island ∼120 km to the north, we propose that thickened cold, and therefore more dense, mantle lithosphere exists beneath southern South Island, and that this excess of mass is an effective load that pulls down the overlying crust. The load is similar to that beneath the central Southern Alps, despite the predicted convergence across the Alpine Fault there being nearly twice that at Wanaka. Gravity modelling of crustal structure along a profile through Wanaka suggests that this mass excess has a minimum density contrast of 35 ± 5 kg m−3 between thickened mantle and asthenosphere, assuming an across-Moho density contrast of −300 kg m−3. We speculate that the reason for the enhanced thickening beneath Wanaka is that the subducted Australian Plate at the southwestern corner of the South Island acts like a backstop onto which Pacific mantle collides at ∼26 mm yr−1, ca. 3/4 the full plate speed.
Stormflow dynamics and loads of Escherichia coli in a large mixed land use catchment

Storm events are major transporters of faecal microbial contaminants, but few studies have reported storm loads or concentration dynamics in relation to discharge or other pollutants, notably fine sediment. Episodically, high loads of faecal contamination during storm flows impact downstream uses of water bodies, particularly contact recreation and shellfish harvesting. We examined the storm dynamics of Escherichia coli, turbidity and discharge in the mixed land use Motueka catchment (2047 km2; 60% forest and 19% pasture) to gain insights into E. coli sources and transport. We also explored different approaches for calculating E. coli loads. Discharge and field turbidity were recorded continuously, and E. coli concentrations were sampled during events, over a 13‐month period near the mouth of the Motueka River. E. coli loads were estimated by interpolation, averaging estimators and by using linear regression with smearing correction of the log‐transformed variables: discharge, turbidity, and both turbidity and discharge. The annual E. coli load was dominated (∼98%) by export during events. Comparison of monthly monitoring with the intensive storm monitoring campaign suggests that simple stratification of the sampling into storm and baseflow would greatly improve export estimates. E. coli peak concentrations always preceded discharge and turbidity peaks (which had similar timing). Turbidity can be a useful surrogate for faecal microbes in smaller catchments, but in the Motueka turbidity was no better for predicting E. coli concentration than discharge. Runoff from grazed pasture and direct deposition from livestock are probably the ultimate E. coli sources in the Motueka catchment. However, in‐channel stores seem to dominate E. coli dynamics during events and account for the typical feature of bacterial concentrations peaking ahead of discharge and turbidity. This study demonstrates the importance of storm events to faecal microbial loads and shows that E. coli concentration dynamics may contrast with those of turbidity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated Attack Planning using a Partially Observable Model for Penetration Testing of Industrial Control Systems

Context Industrial control systems govern important industrial processes as well as many other areas of daily life including building automation and the energy infrastructure. In the past, such systems were rarely networked if at all. Recently, however, a need for a higher degree of communication between different systems as well as other company resources has arisen. While leading to increased productivity and the development of new processes altogether, this also introduced a whole new class of possibles attack vectors. As such systems are usually optimized for their specific purpose and otherwise offer limited computational resources, they often lack security mechanisms found elsewhere. This makes industrial control systems a very interesting and promising target for malicious intruders trying to cause damage on often critical and costly infrastructure. Consequently, there is a desparate need to continuously ensure that ICS are free of devastating vulnerabilities.
System Identification and Self-Tuning Pole Placement Control of the Two-Axes Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Manipulator Optimized by Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, self-tuning pole placement control of the 2-axes pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) manipulator is proposed as an appropriate strategy which can automatically accommodate wide changes in operating conditions, such as payload and time varying parameters of the 2-axes PAM manipulator. This novel proposed control scheme is initially applied to the independent control of the PAM manipulator joint angle position. Proposed pole placement controller utilizes a low order linear approximation of the PAM manipulator ARX model, whose parameters are estimated online from past input and output values by RLS system identification algorithm. Furthermore, parametric values of ARX model are optimized by a modified genetic algorithm (MGA). This superb combination between MGA and self-tuning pole placement controller is developed for tracking the joint angle position of the prototype 2-axes PAM manipulator. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed control scheme. These results can be applied to model, identify and control other highly nonlinear systems as well.
A novel sequential transient stability constrained optimal power flow

A different approach for formulating the sequential TSC-OPF problem is proposed in this paper, where only two power re-dispatch constraints are added to a conventional OPF model to formulate the proposed TSC-OPF model. These two constraints are derived from a proposed best direction vector that provides the power re-dispatch direction in which the rotor angular deviations at the time to instability decrease at the maximum rate of change. In this way, the resulting TSC-OPF model forces the magnitude and direction of the power re-dispatch in order to steer the power system operation state to a transiently stable equilibrium point. The effectiveness of the proposed method is numerically demonstrated in the WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus system.
Mantle peridotite in newly discovered far-inland subduction complex, southwest Arizona: initial report

The latest Cretaceous to early Palaeogene Orocopia Schist and related units are generally considered a low-angle subduction complex that underlies much of southern California and Arizona. A recently discovered exposure of Orocopia Schist at Cemetery Ridge west of Phoenix, Arizona, lies exceptionally far inland from the continental margin. Unexpectedly, this body of Orocopia Schist contains numerous blocks, as large as ~300 m, of variably serpentinized mantle peridotite. These are unique; elsewhere in the Orocopia and related schists, peridotite is rare and completely serpentinized. Peridotite and metaperidotite at Cemetery Ridge are of three principal types: (1) serpentinite and tremolite serpentinite, derived from dunite; (2) partially serpentinized harzburgite and olivine orthopyroxenite (collectively, harzburgite); and (3) granoblastic or schistose metasomatic rocks, derived from serpentinite, made largely of actinolite, calcic plagioclase, hercynite, and chlorite. In the serpentinite, paucity of relict olivine, relatively abundant magnetite (5%), and elevated Fe3+/Fe indicate advanced serpentinization. Harzburgite contains abundant orthopyroxene, only slightly serpentinized, and minor to moderate (1–15%) relict olivine. Mantle tectonite fabric is locally preserved. Several petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the peridotite at Cemetery Ridge are ambiguously similar to either abyssal or mantle-wedge (suprasubduction) peridotites and serpentinites. Least ambiguous are orthopyroxene compositions. Orthopyroxene is distinctively depleted in Al2O3, Cr2O3, and CaO, indicating mantle-wedge affinities. Initial interpretation of field and petrologic data suggests that the peridotite blocks in the Orocopia Schist subduction complex at Cemetery Ridge may be derived from the leading corner or edge of a mantle wedge, presumably in (pre-San Andreas fault) southwest California. However, derivation from a subducting plate is not precluded.
Gas sales starting from Indiana`s fractured New Albany shale

The Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas issued 138 drilling permits from Dec. 1, 1994, through July 31, 1996, in 17 counties in a growing play for gas in Devonian New Albany shale in southern Indiana. The permits are active in the form of locations, drilling wells, wells in the completion process, and wells producing gas in the dewatering stage. Geologically in southwestern Indiana the New Albany shale exploration play is found in three provinces. These are the Wabash platform, the Terre Haute reef bank, and the Vincennes basin. Exploration permits issued on each of these geologic provinces are as follows: Wabash platform 103, Terra Haute reef bank 33, and Vincennes basin two. The authors feel that the quantity and effectiveness of communication of fracturing in the shale will control gas production and water production. A rule of thumb in a desorption reservoir is that the more water a shale well makes in the beginning the more gas it will make when dewatered.
Monte-Carlo algorithms for layout density control

Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) and other manufacturing steps in very deep submicron VLSI have varying effects on device and interconnect features, depending on local characteristics of the layout. To enhance manufacturability and performance predictability, we seek to make the layout uniform with respect to prescribed density criteria, by inserting "fill" geometries into the layout. We propose several new Monte-Carlo based filling methods with fast dynamic data structures and report the tradeoff between runtime and accuracy for the suggested methods. Compared to existing linear programming based approaches, our Monte-Carlo methods seem very promising as they produce nearly-optimal solutions within reasonable runtimes.
Consistent Multilabel Classification

Multilabel classification is rapidly developing as an important aspect of modern predictive modeling, motivating study of its theoretical aspects. To this end, we propose a framework for constructing and analyzing multilabel classification metrics which reveals novel results on a parametric form for population optimal classifiers, and additional insight into the role of label correlations. In particular, we show that for multilabel metrics constructed as instance-, micro- and macro-averages, the population optimal classifier can be decomposed into binary classifiers based on the marginal instance-conditional distribution of each label, with a weak association between labels via the threshold. Thus, our analysis extends the state of the art from a few known multilabel classification metrics such as Hamming loss, to a general framework applicable to many of the classification metrics in common use. Based on the population-optimal classifier, we propose a computationally efficient and general-purpose plug-in classification algorithm, and prove its consistency with respect to the metric of interest. Empirical results on synthetic and benchmark datasets are supportive of our theoretical findings.
Observational Evidences of Double Cropping Impacts on the Climate in the Northern China Plains

AbstractThe impacts of harvested cropland in the double cropping region (DCR) of the northern China plains (NCP) on the regional climate are examined using surface meteorological data and the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST). The NDVI data are used to distinguish the DCR from the single cropping region (SCR) in the NCP. Notable increases in LST in the period May–June are found in the area identified as the DCR on the basis of the NDVI data. The difference between the mean daily maximum temperature averaged over the DCR and SCR stations peaks at 1.27°C in June. The specific humidity in the DCR is significantly smaller than in the SCR. These results suggest that the enhanced agricultural production by multiple cropping may amplify regional warming and aridity to further modify the regional climate in addition to the global climate change. Results in this study may also be used as a quantitative observed reference state of the crop/vegetation .
A Methodology for the Conceptual Modeling of ETL Processes

Extraction-Transformation-Loading (ETL) tools are pieces of software responsible for the extraction of data from several sources, their cleansing, customization and insertion into a data warehouse. In this paper, we propose a methodology for the earliest stages of the data warehouse design, with the goal of tracing the analysis of the structure and content of the existing data sources and their intentional mapping to the common conceptual data warehouse model. The methodology comprises a set of steps that can be summarized as follows: (a) identification of the proper data stores; (b) candidates and active candidates for the involved data stores; (c) attribute mapping between the providers and the consumers, and (d) annotation of the diagram with runtime constraints.
Optimal approximation of stochastic differential equations by adaptive step-size control

We study the pathwise (strong) approximation of scalar stochastic differential equations with respect to the global error in the L2-norm. For equations with additive noise we establish a sharp lower error bound in the class of arbitrary methods that use a fixed number of observations of the driving Brownian motion. As a consequence, higher order methods do not exist if the global error is analyzed. We introduce an adaptive step-size control for the Euler scheme which performs asymptotically optimally. In particular, the new method is more efficient than an equidistant discretization. This superiority is confirmed in simulation experiments for equations with additive noise, as well as for general scalar equations.
Long‐term macrolide treatment of chronic inflammatory airway diseases: risks, benefits and future developments

Macrolide antibiotics were discovered over 50 years ago and following their use as antimicrobials it became apparent that this group of antibiotics also possessed anti‐inflammatory properties. Subsequent clinical trials showed benefits of macrolides as long‐term adjuncts in the treatment of a spectrum of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases, particularly diffuse panbronchiolitis, cystic fibrosis, post‐transplant bronchiolitis obliterans and more recently chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The evidence for efficacy of macrolides in the long‐term treatment of chronic asthma and bronchiectasis is less well established. The mechanism(s) of action of macrolides in the treatment of these diseases remains unexplained, but may be due to their antibacterial and/or anti‐inflammatory actions, which include reductions in interleukin‐8 production, neutrophil migration and/or function. Macrolides have additional potentially beneficial properties including anti‐viral actions and an ability to restore corticosteroid sensitivity. The increased prescribing of macrolides for long‐term treatment could result in the development of microbial resistance and adverse drug effects. New macrolides have been developed which do not possess any antimicrobial activity and hence lack the ability to produce microbial resistance, but which still retain immunomodulatory effects. Potentially novel macrolides may overcome a significant barrier to the use of this type of drug for the long‐term treatment of chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
Q-learning based on particle swarm optimization for positioning system of underwater vehicles

The paper presents an intelligent underwater positioning system for remotely operated vehicle (ROV). We used multi-agents reinforcement learning algorithms based on particle swarm optimization fusing signals from Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL) position sonar and pose sensors, so that the USBL can be accelerated and be in-phase with pose sensors. We proposed the frame work of the hardware of the intelligent navigation system, and the multithreading and modularizing software system. Navigation experiment taken in ship model tank indicated the feasibility of the proposed intelligent navigation system.
Cytoplasmic dynein regulates the subcellular distribution of mitochondria by controlling the recruitment of the fission factor dynamin-related protein-1

While the subcellular organisation of mitochondria is likely to influence many aspects of cell physiology, its molecular control is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the role of the retrograde motor protein complex, dynein-dynactin, in mitochondrial localisation and morphology. Disruption of dynein function, achieved in HeLa cells either by over-expressing the dynactin subunit, dynamitin (p50), or by microinjection of an anti-dynein intermediate chain antibody, resulted in (a) the redistribution of mitochondria to the nuclear periphery, and (b) the formation of long and highly branched mitochondrial structures. Suggesting that an alteration in the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion may be involved in both of these changes, overexpression of p50 induced the translocation of the fission factor dynamin-related protein (Drp1) from mitochondrial membranes to the cytosol and microsomes. Moreover, a dominant-negative-acting form of Drp1 mimicked the effects of p50 on mitochondrial morphology, while wild-type Drp1 almost completely restored normal mitochondrial distribution in p50 over-expressing cells. Thus, the dynein/dynactin complex plays an unexpected role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology in living cells, by controlling the recruitment of Drp1 to these organelles.
A smart image sensor with high-speed feeble ID-beacon detection for augmented reality system

In this paper, we present a smart image sensor with high-speed feeble ID-beacon detection for an augmented reality (AR) system. AR systems are designed to provide an enhanced view of the real world with meaningful information from a computer. Our target AR system uses an optical device with ID beacon such as a blinking LED. Our sensor architecture realizes analog readout for 2-D image capture and high-speed digital readout for ID beacon detection simultaneously. The pixel circuit has a logarithmic-response photo detector and an adaptive modulation amplifier to detect a feeble ID beacon in wide range of background illumination. A 128 /spl times/ 128 smart sensor has been developed and successfully tested. It achieves 4850 bit/IC/spl middot/sec using 40 kHz carrier and < -10.0 dB signal-to-background ratio (SBR) in > 40 dB background illumination for robust ID-beacon detection.
Cellular resolution models for even skipped regulation in the entire Drosophila embryo

Transcriptional control ensures genes are expressed in the right amounts at the correct times and locations. Understanding quantitatively how regulatory systems convert input signals to appropriate outputs remains a challenge. For the first time, we successfully model even skipped (eve) stripes 2 and 3+7 across the entire fly embryo at cellular resolution. A straightforward statistical relationship explains how transcription factor (TF) concentrations define eve’s complex spatial expression, without the need for pairwise interactions or cross-regulatory dynamics. Simulating thousands of TF combinations, we recover known regulators and suggest new candidates. Finally, we accurately predict the intricate effects of perturbations including TF mutations and misexpression. Our approach imposes minimal assumptions about regulatory function; instead we infer underlying mechanisms from models that best fit the data, like the lack of TF-specific thresholds and the positional value of homotypic interactions. Our study provides a general and quantitative method for elucidating the regulation of diverse biological systems. DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00522. 001