Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 2005 Manifestos: A Sense of Déjà Vu?

Abstract The Manifesto Research Group, since its establishment in 1979, has analysed the main party manifestos after every British general election, so that a clear, over time picture of changing policy priorities has emerged. Other investigations have compared issue saliency within manifestos, giving the parties’ “take” on the political situation in relation to voter perceptions of what the most important issues are. This article brings these two elements together, first in terms of mapping the most recent changes in right–left positioning of the parties and seeing how far policy estimates concerning economic matters, welfare and quality of life continue patterns set previously. Second, saliency rankings of “top” issues within the manifestos are contrasted with results from three opinion polls to establish whether the parties are using different policy agendas to attract support and how far these reflect public concerns. Third, the paper reports on how the three main parties see the role of manifestos. The article concludes that some changes in content have occurred since 2001 but these are neither new nor unexpected, creating a sense of “déjà vu”.
Defense styles and parental bonding in eating-disordered women.

Fifty-eight women with anorexia or bulimia nervosa were compared with 24 normal women on measures of defense style and parental bonding. Results indicated that all eating-disorder subtypes exhibit more primitive defenses and fewer mature ones than controls. Eating-disorder patients uniformly recalled less paternal empathy than controls. Thus, difficulties involving object representations of fathers may be a theme common to eating disorders. No major differences were identified among eating-disorder subtypes, suggesting that these disorders share substantial psychodynamic features. Patterns of parental bonding were associated with defense styles in a manner consistent with theories that link defense style development to early object relationships.
Psychotherapy in a New Key

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this psychotherapy in a new key, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?
Isolation and Characterization of Cytotoxic, Aggregative Citrobacter freundii

Citrobacter freundii is an infrequent but established cause of diarrhea in humans. However, little is known of its genetic diversity and potential for virulence. We analyzed 26 isolates, including 12 from human diarrheal patients, 2 from human fecal samples of unknown diarrheal status, and 12 from animals, insects, and other sources. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis using XbaI allowed us to divide the 26 isolates into 20 pulse types, while multi-locus sequence typing using 7 housekeeping genes allowed us to divide the 26 isolates into 6 sequence types (STs) with the majority belonging to 4 STs. We analyzed adhesion and cytotoxicity to HEp-2 cells in these 26 strains. All were found to adhere to HEp-2 cells. One strain, CF74, which had been isolated from a goat, showed the strongest aggregative adhesion pattern. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released from HEp-2 cells was evaluated as a measure of cytotoxicity, averaging 7.46%. Strain CF74 induced the highest level of LDH, 24.3%, and caused >50% cell rounding, detachment, and death. We named strain CF74 “cytotoxic and aggregative C. freundii. ” Genome sequencing of CF74 revealed that it had acquired 7 genomic islands, including 2 fimbriae islands and a type VI secretion system island, all of which are potential virulence factors. Our results show that aggregative adherence and cytotoxicity play an important role in the pathogenesis of C. freundii.
Deconstructing Communicative Rationality: A Critique of Habermasian Collaborative Planning

What has becomes known in recent years as communicative or collaborative planning has forged a new hegemony in planning theory. Described by some as the paradigm of the 1990s, it proposes a fundamental challenge to the practice of planning that seeks both to explain where planning has gone wrong and (more controversially) to identify ways forward. The broad approach itself and advocates of it have lacked the advantage of any critique. This paper provides such an opportunity. Following a brief outline of communicative action, we identify three broad areas of concern that militate against the option of a collaborative planning approach. More specifically, we identify problematic assumptions in Habermas's original theoretical distinction of communicative action as a fourth separate concept of sociological action. Although we accept its useful dissection of planning and the role of values and consensus-building in decision-settings, we consider that collaborative planning theory fails to incorporate adequately the peculiar political and professional nuances that exist in planning practice. We conclude our critique by raising programmatic points for planning theory and practice in general.
To appear in: Analysis and Numerics of Partial Differential Equations, U. Gianazza, F. Brezzi, P. Colli Franzone, and G. Gilardi, eds., Springer 2013. SPACES OF FINITE ELEMENT DIFFERENTIAL FORMS

We discuss the construction of finite element spaces of differential forms which satisfy the crucial assumptions of the finite element exterior calculus, namely that they can be assembled into subcomplexes of the de Rham complex which admit commuting projections. We present two families of spaces in the case of simplicial meshes, and two other families in the case of cubical meshes. We make use of the exterior calculus and the Koszul complex to define and understand the spaces. These tools allow us to treat a wide variety of situations, which are often treated separately, in a unified fashion.
Measuring the eggshell strength of 6 different genetic strains of laying hens: Techniques and comparisons

1. Eggshell quality was compared in 6 different strains of laying hens. Three strains were commercial; the three others were experimental. 2. Four different variables describing the strength of eggshells were investigated. Three of them were the classical ones eggshell thickness, shell stiffness measured during quasi-static compression and breaking force. Dynamic stiffness, introduced by Coucke (Ph.D. Thesis, KU Leuven, 1998), was the 4th. The fact that this measurement is dynamic could be helpful in genetic selection for eggshell breakage, because forces applied to the egg in practice are dynamic, rather than static. 3. Hisex White hens produce eggs with the strongest eggshell, in terms of all 4 eggshell variables. However, their shell quality in terms of breaking force did not remain constant over the laying period, unlike 4 other strains. 4. All strains showed a decline in quasi-static stiffness over time. 5. The eggshell thickness of three strains showed a decline over time. 6. Dynamic stiffness remained constant or improved in all strain. 7. All variables describing the mechanical eggshell strength gave different information.
The Accreditation Process as a Factor in the Improvement of Traditionally Black Institutions.

Even though accreditation might have had great impact on the development of traditionally black colleges and universities, no significant studies have been done on the accreditation process of these institutions. There have been references to the accreditation of black colleges and universities in other contexts, however. For example, a 1971 Carnegie Commission on Higher Education study stressed that "the Negro public colleges have shown significant development as measured by regional accreditation. "' Another study, conducted by Amanda Asgill,2 assessed the perceptions of black and white chief administrators of the importance of accreditation. Asgill concluded that traditionally black institutions attributed such great importance to regional accreditation that the accrediting agency "should weigh seriously the possible effects of any sudden change in its policies which could influence the future destiny of these institutions. " In the 1980s, accreditation again has become a significant topic in higher education. At the same time, there has emerged renewed interest in the role of traditionally black colleges and universities. This article presents findings from a larger study3 that in part investigated the role of the Middle States Association as a change agent
Defining an essential transcription factor program for naïve pluripotency

Predicting stem cell renewal or differentiation Predicting complex mammalian cell behavior is extremely challenging. Dunn et al. developed a computational model that predicts when embryonic stem cells will self-renew or differentiate. The model revealed an essential program governing pluripotency and identifies a minimal set of components and interactions that accurately predict responses to genetic perturbation. Science, this issue p. 1156 Iterative experimental and computational analysis reveals a simple molecular program for embryonic stem cell self-renewal. The gene regulatory circuitry through which pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells choose between self-renewal and differentiation appears vast and has yet to be distilled into an executive molecular program. We developed a data-constrained, computational approach to reduce complexity and to derive a set of functionally validated components and interaction combinations sufficient to explain observed ES cell behavior. This minimal set, the simplest version of which comprises only 16 interactions, 12 components, and three inputs, satisfies all prior specifications for self-renewal and furthermore predicts unknown and nonintuitive responses to compound genetic perturbations with an overall accuracy of 70%. We propose that propagation of ES cell identity is not determined by a vast interactome but rather can be explained by a relatively simple process of molecular computation.
An evaluation of the effect of infertility on marital, sexual satisfaction indices and health-related quality of life in women

BACKGROUND: The effect of infertility on marital and sexual functioning, health-related quality of life (QoL) and the acceptability of the treatment modalities is a poorly researched area in India. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare the impact of infertility on marital adjustment, sexual functioning, QoL and the acceptability of various treatment modalities in infertility. DESIGN AND SETTING: Hospital-based cross-sectional controlled study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data regarding infertility, socio-demographic characteristics and treatment acceptability was obtained via a semi-structured questionnaire. validated, standardized scales were used to measure marital adjustment (abbreviated dyadic adjustment scale), sexual functioning (abbreviated sexual functioning questionnaire) in cases and controls, and quality of life (FertiQol) in cases. Data from 106 women attending tertiary infertility centers who met the definition of primary infertility and 212 controls attending the medical outpatient department in the same centers was obtained. RESULTS: Body mass index and socioeconomic status were significant (P < 0.006 and < 0.0001 respectively) for infertility. Fertility-enhancing regimens and adoption had the highest acceptability with a wide dispersion of range for adoption and least acceptance for sperm, egg, embryo donation and surrogate motherhood. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant effect size of infertility on marital adjustment (Nagelkerke R2 0.725, Cohen's D 0.86) and sexual functioning (Nagelkerke R2 0.73, Cohen's D 0.815). QoL showed a decrease in mean scores on the FertiQol scale similar to normative data. CONCLUSIONS: Effective counseling, reassurance and measures to reduce the impact of the condition on marital and sexual life, overall QoL are needed to impart a holistic treatment in infertility.
A mutation in the puff region of VP2 attenuates the myocarditic phenotype of an infectious cDNA of the Woodruff variant of coxsackievirus B3

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infections induce myocarditis in humans and mice. Little is known about the molecular characteristics of CVB3 that activate the cellular immunity responsible for cardiac inflammation. Previous experiments have identified an antibody escape mutant (H310A1) of a myocarditic variant of CVB3 (H3) that attenuates the myocarditic potential of the virus in mice in spite of ongoing viral replication in the heart. We have cloned full-length infectious cDNA copies of the viral genome of both the wild-type myocarditic H3 variant of CVB3 and the antibody escape mutant H310A1. Progeny viruses maintained the myocarditic and attenuated myocarditic potential of the parent viruses, H3 and H310A1. The full sequence of the H3 viral cDNA is reported and compared with those of previously published CVB3 variants. Comparison of the full sequences of H3 and H310A1 viruses identified a single nonconserved mutation (A to G) in the P1 polyprotein region at nucleotide 1442 resulting in an asparagine-to-aspartate mutation in amino acid 165 of VP2. This mutation is in a region that corresponds to the puff region of VP2. Nucleotide 1442 of the H3 and H310A1 cDNA copies of the viral genome was mutated to change amino acid 165 of VP2 to aspartate and asparagine, respectively. The presence of asparagine at amino acid 165 of VP2 is associated with the myocarditic phenotype, while an aspartate at the same site reduces the myocarditic potential of the virus. In addition, high-level production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by infected BALB/c monocytes is associated with asparagine at amino acid 165 of VP2 as has been previously demonstrated for the H3 virus. These findings identify potentially important differences between the H3 variant of CVB3 and other previously published CVB3 variants. In addition, the data demonstrate that a point mutation in the puff region of VP2 can markedly alter the ability of CVB3 to induce myocarditis in mice and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion from infected BALB/c monocytes.
Western Desert Iconography: Rock art mythological narratives and graphic vocabularies

The travels of the ancestral beings known as Wati Kutjarra (two lizard men) are central to many Western Desert creation sagas. Their actions, markings and transmogrified forms are often in socially "open" domains and cover and connect huge tracts of land. On the central Canning Stock Route there are detailed ethnographic records and ongoing observances of Wati Kutjarra by custodians at a number of ranges and water holes where pigment rock art occurs in shelters and from where people have created contemporary acrylic art on canvas. These are also locales where excavations have yielded ochres and occupational deposits - which suggest these places have acted as aggregation locales through long periods of time. In this paper we examine some of these intersections and explore the dynamics and genesis of socially constituted desert iconography through time.
An Improved Image Compressor Using Fast DCT Algorithm

Video processing systems such as HEVC requiring low energy consumption needed for the multimedia market has lead to extensive development in fast algorithms for the efficient approximation of 2-D DCT transforms. The DCT is employed in a multitude of compression standards due to its remarkable energy compaction properties. Multiplier-free approximate DCT transforms have been proposed that offer superior compression performance at very low circuit complexity. Such approximations can be realized in digital VLSI hardware using additions and subtractions only, leading to significant reductions in chip area and power consumption compared to conventional DCTs and integer transforms. In this paper, we introduce a novel 8-point DCT approximation that requires only 14 addition operations and no multiplications. The proposed transform possesses low computational complexity and is compared to state-of-the-art DCT approximations in terms of both algorithm complexity and peak signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed DCT approximation is a candidate for reconfigurable video standards such as HEVC. The proposed transform and several other DCT approximations are mapped to systolic-array digital architectures and physically realized as digital prototype circuits using FPGA technology and mapped to 45 nm CMOS technology.
Economic impact of breast-feeding-associated improvements of childhood cognitive development, based on data from the ALSPAC

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the economic benefits of improved cognitive development related to being breast-fed. Breast-feeding rates were assessed in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Educational attainment was assessed at age 16 years with higher attainment defined as gaining five General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) passes at a high grade. The economic benefit of being breast-fed was calculated in a decision model using a child’s educational attainment and the corresponding expected value of average income in later life. There was a positive association between being breast-fed and achieving higher educational attainment, which remained significant, after adjustment for possible confounders: being breast-fed <6 months yielded an OR of 1·30 (95 % CI 1·13, 1·51) and for ≥6 months yielded an OR of 1·72 (95 % CI 1·46, 2·05), compared with never breast-fed children. On the basis of UK income statistics, the present value of lifetime gross income was calculated to be £67 500 higher for children achieving 5 high-grade GCSE passes compared with not achieving this. Therefore, the economic benefit of being breast-fed <6 months would be £4208 and that for ≥6 months would be £8799/child. The model shows that the increased educational attainment associated with being breast-fed has a positive economic benefit for society, even from small improvements in breast-feeding rates. Within a total UK birth cohort of 800 000/year an increase by 1 % in breast-feeding rates would be worth >£33·6 million over the working life of the cohort. Therefore, breast-feeding promotion is likely to be highly cost-effective and policymakers should take this into consideration.
Market Barriers to Clean Cooking Fuels in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Literature

In the developing nations of sub-Saharan Africa, providing households with modern energy services is a critical step towards development. A large majority of households in the region rely on traditional biomass fuels for cooking, which represent a significant proportion of energy used in the domestic setting. The disadvantages of these fuels are many: they are inefficient energy carriers and their heat is difficult to control; they produce dangerous emissions; and their current rate of extraction is not sustainable for forests. Transition to clean cooking fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or ethanol would resolve many of these issues as they do not produce dangerous particulate emissions, and are commercially viable, offering a number of socio-economic advantages over traditional options. Despite the benefits of fuel switching, clean cooking fuels are rarely used in households in sub-Saharan Africa. Their failure to attain widespread use can be attributed to a number of market barriers. One of the major issues is cost: clean cooking fuels are prohibitively expensive for many households, and the high price of compatible stoves further discourages their use. Besides the expense, many consumers are hesitant to adopt the new technology, reflecting the lack of public awareness of the relevant issues. At the same time, Africa's underdeveloped infrastructure prevents these fuels from being made available in many local marketplaces. To date, this combination of factors has largely stifled the transition to clean cooking fuels. National governments can adopt a number of strategies to address these issues. The creation of clean cooking-fuel initiatives at the national level would be an important first step, after which governments can begin to address the issues more effectively. The introduction of relevant financial instruments would help to tackle the economic barriers to clean cooking fuels, and public outreach and education could overcome socio-cultural obstacles. Through such a policy framework, national governments can play a significant role in encouraging the transition to clean cooking fuels
Probation Violations, Revocations, and Imprisonment

The focus of previous probation studies has been on identifying the significant predictors of probation outcomes (e.g., violations and arrests) and probation processes (e.g., revocation). In this study, the authors examine how the passage of Arizona's mandatory drug treatment law affected probation violations and the revocation process. They rely on probation, prosecution, and sentencing case file data of imprisoned low-level drug offenders to analyze how the mandatory drug treatment law influenced the decision-making processes of probation officers, prosecutors, and judges. Findings indicate that the majority of revocations leading to incarceration involved technical violations and not the commission of new crimes. Furthermore, the type of violations significantly differed pre- and postimplementation of the law, as did prosecution and sentencing decisions. Policy implications for probation supervision and drug treatment laws are discussed.
An investigation of the factors affecting handwriting skill in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy*

Purpose. This study investigated the effects of sensory-perceptual-motor and cognitive functions on handwriting skill in primary-school children with left-hemiplegic cerebral palsy, compared with that of their healthy peers. Methods. The study included 26 children aged 8–12 years with left hemiplegic cerebral palsy and 32 typically developing children of similar age with dominant right hand. The Minnesota Handwriting Assessment was used to evaluate handwriting skill. The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to assess motor performance. Cognitive function was assessed by the Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment. The Ayres Southern California Sensory Integration Tests were used to assess visual perception, kinaesthesia and graphesthesia. Results. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in sensory-perceptual-motor and cognitive function and handwriting skill (p < 0.05). There were also significant correlations between handwriting parameters and upper-extremity speed and dexterity, proprioception, bilateral coordination, visual and spatial perception and, visual-motor organisation in children with cerebral palsy (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The results showed that left-hemiplegic children with cerebral palsy whose right sides were dominant were significantly less competent at handwriting than their right-dominant, healthy peers. It was found that the impairment in proprioception seen in the non-hemiplegic side in children with cerebral palsy, and also the impairment in bilateral coordination, speed and dexterity of the upper extremities, visual and spatial perception, visual-motor organization, and tactile-sensory impairments negatively affected their handwriting skills. In the treatment approaches for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, comprehensive sensory-perceptual-motor assessments that involve both extremities must be performed in detail at the earliest possible stage, in order to minimize the existing problems with early-treatment policies. Developing the sensory-perceptual-motor and cognitive function of hemiplegic children would thus be possible, and they would be able to develop handwriting skill as a tool for their academic lives as healthy peers.