Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First experiences using XACML for access control in distributed systems

Authorization systems today are increasingly complex. They span domains of administration, rely on many different authentication sources, and manage permissions that can be as complex as the system itself. Worse still, while there are many standards that define authentication mechanisms, the standards that address authorization are less well defined and tend to work only within homogeneous systems. This paper presents XACML, a standard access control language, as one component of a distributed and inter-operable authorization framework. Several emerging systems which incorporate XACML are discussed. These discussions illustrate how authorization can be deployed in distributed, decentralized systems. Finally, some new and future topics are presented to show where this work is heading and how it will help connect the general components of an authorization system.
Key issues for implementing knowledge management in relational contracting project settings

The necessity of relational approaches or inter-organisational relationships in construction industry might due to the nature of construction itself which often highly specialised, complex projects, involving various participants, and also with extended durations for commencement and completion. Since the construction project teams works as a disparate collection of separate organisations rather than as a unified team, the project teams suffers from lack of integration. Besides this, there is still an unwillingness to share knowledge between the construction participants, thus, there is poor knowledge flow. Relational Contracting (RC) is one way to solve the problems of fragmentation. It is believed that RC when integrated with Knowledge Management (KM) can successfully address the major problems of the industry. RC and KM are two significant management paradigms where communication is a common issue. The concepts of trust, knowledge sharing, cooperation and commitment are significant in both literatures. The issue of culture is also important to be considered. Implementing effective KM in RC project settings involves various challenges that need to be considered. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to highlight the key issues in order to give better understanding before any construction participants could embark into a RC project setting and at the same time considering to implementing KM in order to improve project performance within the construction industry.
Biomedical Signal Processing and Control

a b s t r a c t Osteoporosis is a disease in which low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue lead to increased bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. The objective of this paper is to develop and validate a new method to assess bone microarchitecture on radiographs. Taking into account the piecewise fractal nature of bone radiograph images, an appropriate fractal model (piecewise fractional Brownian motion) is used to characterize the trabecular bone network. Based on the Whittle estimator, a new method for calculating the Hurst exponent H is developed to better consider the piecewise fractal nature of the data. Different estimators are used and compared to the proposed method to discriminate two populations composed of healthy controls and osteoporotic patients. Our findings demonstrate that the new estimator proposed here provides effective results in terms of discrimination of the subjects and is better adapted to bone radiograph image analysis. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Nurses’ perception of ethical climate and job satisfaction

The high turnover of nurses has become a universal issue. The manner in which nurses view their organization’s ethical climate has direct bearing on their job satisfaction. There is little empirical evidence confirming a relationship between different sorts of ethical climate within organizations and job satisfaction in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between nurses’ perception of ethical climate and job satisfaction in the Teaching Hospital of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. A descriptive analytical design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 275 nurses working in 4 hospitals affiliated with the Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The instruments used in this study included a demographic questionnaire, Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ), and Job Satisfaction Scale (JS). Data analysis was carried out using Pearson’s correlation, one-way ANOVA, T-test and descriptive statistic through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 16. Across the five dimensions of ECQ the highest mean score pertained to professionalism (mean = 13.45±3.68), followed by rules climate (mean = 13.41±4.01), caring climate (mean = 12.92±3.95), independence climate (mean = 11.35±3.88), and instrumental climate (mean = 8.93±2.95). The results showed a positive correlation among ethical climate type of: professionalism (p=0.001), rules (p=0.045), caring (p=0.000), independence (p=0.000) with job satisfaction, and no correlation was found between instrumental climate and job satisfaction. The result of this research indicated a positive correlation among professionalism, caring, rules, independence climate and job satisfaction. Therefore managers of hospitals can promote nurses’ job satisfaction by providing ethics training programs that establish a working team and a culture that strengthens team spirit among nurses.
Organisational Identity and the Appropriation of Information Systems

In this paper we explore the interplay between organisational identity and information systems (IS). More specifically, we examine how the appropriation of new IS may influence established patterns of identity enactment and inter-organisational practices. We report on findings from three in-depth case studies that depict the adoption and use of a new collaborative 3D modelling technology by a metal fabrication firm in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. We investigate the manner in which the new technology was associated with changes in the company’s practices, interactions, and organisational identity. Our study contributes to the scarce research on IS and organisational identity by emphasising the relational, practical, and dynamic nature of organisational identity.
The Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Immigrant and Refugee Physical and Mental Health.

Purpose Discrimination has been identified as a major stressor and influence on immigrant health. This study examined the role of perceived discrimination in relation to other factors, in particular, acculturation, in physical and mental health of immigrants and refugees. Methodology/approach Data for US adults (18+ years) were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Mental and physical health was assessed with SF-12. Acculturation and perceived discrimination were assessed with multidimensional measures. Structural equation models were used to estimate the effects of acculturation, stressful life effects, perceived discrimination, and social support on health among immigrants and refugees. Findings Among first-generation immigrants, discrimination in health care had a negative association with physical health while discrimination in general had a negative association with mental health. Social support had positive associations with physical and mental health and mediated the association of discrimination to health. There were no significant associations between discrimination and health among refugees, but the direction and magnitude of associations were similar to those for first-generation immigrants. Implications Efforts aiming at reducing discrimination and enhancing integration/social support for immigrants are likely to help with maintaining and protecting immigrants' health and well-being. Further research using larger samples of refugees and testing moderating effects of key social/psychosocial variables on immigrant health outcomes is warranted. Originality/value This study used multidimensional measures of health, perceived discrimination, and acculturation to examine the pathways between key social/psychosocial factors in health of immigrants and refugees at the national level. This study included possibly the largest national sample of refugees.
Universal channel coding for exponential family of channels

We propose a universal channel coding when each output distribution forms an exponential family even in a continuous output system. We propose two types of universal codes; One has the exponentially decreasing error with explicit a lower bound for the error exponent. The other attains the $\epsilon$-capacity up to the second order. Our encoder is the same as the previous paper [CMP {\bf 289}, 1087]. For our decoding process, we invent $\alpha$-R\'{e}nyi divergence version of Clarke and Barron's formula for Bayesian average distribution, which are not required in the previous paper. Combing this formula and the information spectrum method, we propose our universal decoder. Our method enables us to treat a universal code of the continuous and discrete cases in a unified way with the second order coding rate as well as with the exponential decreasing rate.
Moderate-intensity continuous training: is it as good as high-intensity interval training for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes?

In Egypt, type 2 diabetes is higher in females than in males. Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) has been the most widely used exercise form in type 2 diabetes. This study aims to compare the classical MICT to the newly popular high intensity interval training (HIIT) with regard to changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and estimated average glucose (eAG) in female type 2 diabetics. Twenty-six female patients with type 2 diabetes were assigned into three groups: a control group (n=9), a MICT group (n=9), and a HIIT group (n=8). Patients in both groups exercised on treadmill three days/week for 8 weeks. Patients in MICT exercised continuously for about 40 min at 65%–75% of peak heart rate (HRpeak). Patients in HIIT exercised for 4×4 min at 85%–90% of HRpeak with 3-min recovery in between at 65%–75% of HRpeak. Results showed that HbA1c was reduced significantly from 8.2% (7.45%–8.65%) to 6.9% (6.6%–7.15%) in MICT and from 8.23% (7.94%–8.85%) to 6.25% (6.1%–6.89%) in HIIT after interventions. Likewise, eAG was significantly reduced from 188.64 mg/dL (167.11–201.55 mg/dL) to 151.33 mg/dL (142.72–158.50 mg/dL) in MICT and from 189.64 mg/dL (181.18–207.29 mg/dL) to 136.69 mg/dL (128.37–151.04 mg/dL) in HIIT. No significant difference was found between HIIT and MICT in the measured variables. It is concluded that the less physically demanding MICT is as good as HIIT for normalizing hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic females. Therefore, recent interests surrounding HIIT should not overemphasize it compared to the traditional MICT for improving glycemic outcomes.
EECR: Energy efficient clustering and routing approach for wireless sensor networks

Energy efficiency is a critical factor for operation of a wireless sensor network. In general, wireless sensor networks perform clustering and routing using localized neighbor information and simple rules only. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient clustering and routing method for wireless sensor networks by exploiting energy state information of neighbor sensor nodes for selection of cluster heads. We compared the performance of the proposed method with that of a well known clustering and routing protocol. Our computational experiments demonstrate that the lifetime and distribution of energy consumptions of the proposed method are better than those of the compared method.
Real time extraction of related terms by bi-directional lexico-syntactic patterns from the web

We propose a method for detecting related terms of a given term quickly using a conventional Web search engine. There are many kinds of related terms. For example, hypernyms and hyponyms are basic related terms that are treated in dictionaries. Synonyms and coordinate terms are also well defined related terms. Topic terms and description terms represent topics of the given term and they are vaguely defined. There are other related terms such as abbreviations and nicknames. The proposed method can be used these many kinds of related terms. It extracts related terms from text resources only from Web search results, which consist of titles, snippets, and URLs of Web pages. We use two different kind of lexico-syntactic patterns to extract related terms from the search results, and they are called bi-directional lexico-syntactic patterns. The proposed method can be applied to both languages where words are separated by a space such as English and Korean and ones where words are not separated by a space such as Japanese and Chinese. The proposed method does not need any advanced natural language processing such as morphological analysis or syntactic parsing. It works relatively fast with good precision.
Case Law in Plessy v. Ferguson

Critics of the Supreme Court's desegregation decision in Brown v. Board of Education' have charged that the high court disregarded the history of the Fourteenth Amendment and a substantial body of case law to "legislate" equality. Defenders of the court have effectively refuted these attacks on the Warren tribunal's interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment. It has been established2 that this amendment
Improving Real-Time Data Streaming Security to Promote Patient and Physician Socialization

Promoting the socialization of personal health information (PHI) via sharing presents challenges due to confidentiality and privacy protections required by individuals and mandated by HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). Sharing PHI facilitates improved clinical decision support and evidence based medicine. The volume, variety, veracity and velocity of PHI is increasing with the advent and commercialization of wearable sensor technology requiring the streaming of real-time personal health data. In order to promote sharing of streaming, sensor-based PHI security and performance are demanded. In response to these concerns, this work instantiates and demonstrates a method to secure streaming of data via RC4 encryption while improving its security by incorporating variable length cipher strength via a proposed PRGA key rotation method. To facilitate this method, multiple keys can be transmitted over disparate mediums or channels in an extension to RC4, dubbed RC4 modified (RC4m). This work serves as an important step toward efficient and secure transmission of PHI to promote sharing in a social context between patient and physician.
Liberal Justice: Kant, Rawls and Human Rights

Abstract Kant’s practical philosophy, Rawls’s theory of justice and contemporary human rights thinking are landmarks in liberal discussions of justice. Each forms part of a powerful tradition of political thought, and although their substantive accounts of justice diverge at many points, they also overlap in substantial ways. This article focuses not on their substantive claims about justice, or about other ethical standards, but on their differing views of the questions to be addressed, on their proposed justifications for standards of justice, and on a limited range of questions about interpreting and institutionalizing those standards.
Nebivolol: A Novel Beta-Blocker with Nitric Oxide-Induced Vasodilatation

Nebivolol is a novel beta1-blocker with a greater degree of selectivity for beta1-adrenergic receptors than other agents in this class and a nitric oxide (NO)-potentiating, vasodilatory effect that is unique among beta-blockers currently available to clinicians (nebivolol is approved in Europe and is currently under review in the US). A NO-potentiating agent such as nebivolol may have an important role in hypertensive populations with reduced endothelial function such as diabetics, African-Americans and those with vascular disease. Nebivolol is a racemic mixture with beta-blocker activity residing in the d-isomer; in contrast, l-nebivolol is far more potent in facilitating NO release. Nebivolol is unique among beta-blockers in that, at doses <10 mg, it does not inhibit the increase in heart rate normally seen with exercise. The efficacy of nebivolol has been tested successfully in clinical trials against other agents including other beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors and calcium channel antagonists in patients with hypertension, angina, and congestive heart failure. The tolerability of nebivolol has been shown to be superior to that of atenolol and metoprolol. In controlled clinical trials, nebivolol has a side effect profile that is similar to placebo, in particular as it relates to fatigue and sexual dysfunction. This article will review published clinical data regarding this cardioselective beta-blocker.
Probabilistic Language Modeling for Generalized LR Parsing

Preface In this thesis, we introduce probabilistic models to rank the likelihood of resultant parses within the GLR parsing framework. Probabilistic models can also bring about the beneet of reduction of search space, if the models allow preex probabilities for partial parses. In devising the models, we carefully observe the nature of GLR parsing, one of the most eecient parsing algorithms in existence, and formalize two probabilistic models with the appropriate use of the parsing context. The context in GLR parsing is provided by the constraints aaorded by context-free grammars in generating an LR table (global context), and the constraints of adjoining pre-terminal symbols (local n-gram context). In this research, rstly, we conduct both model analyses and quantitative evaluation on the ATR Japanese corpus to evaluate the performance of the probabilistic models. Ambiguities arising from multiple word segmentation and part-of-speech candidates in parsing a non-segmenting language, are taken into consideration. We demonstrate the eeectivity of combining contextual information to determine word sequences in the word segmentation process, deene parts-of-speech for words in the part-of-speech tagging process , and choose between possible constituent structures, in single-pass morphosyntactic parsing. Secondly, we apply empirical evaluation to show that the performance of the probabilistic GLR parsing model (PGLR) using an LALR table is in no way inferior to that of using a CLR table, despite the states in a CLR table providing more precise context than those in an LALR table. Thirdly, we propose a new node-driven parse pruning algorithm based on the preex probability of PGLR, which is eeective in beam search style parsing. The pruning threshold is estimated by the number of state nodes up to the current parsing stage. The algorithm provides signiicant evidence of reduction in both parsing time and computational resources. Finally, a further PGLR model is formalized which overcomes some problematic issues by the way of increasing the context in parsing. i Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Hozumi Tanaka for his guidance, support and encouragement throughout the years of my Ph.D. studentship. I would also like to thank Assoc. Prof. Takenobu Tokunaga for his wealth of valuable comments to this research, and other members of my thesis committee: Prof. Additionally, I would like to express my gratitude to members of the Tanaka & Toku-naga laboratories for their contributions to this research, amongst whom, I can never thank Kentaro Inui, Kiyoaki Shirai …
Bayesian Spam Filtering Based on Co-weighting Multi-estimations

Statistical filters based on Bayesian classification are by far the most popular and widely used among different types of spam email filters because of efficient training, quick classification, easy extensibility and adaptive learning. However, several ways of computing probability estimations have been proposed and used. In this paper we examine those estimations and propose a new, more effective estimation based on co-weighting multi-estimations. It also takes into consideration of the different parts of emails and defines effective tokenizer rules. The new approach is compared to earlier well-known approaches and the experimental result with three public corpuses showed improvement, stability, robustness and consistency in the spam filtering with the proposed estimation.
Bittorrent Cache Using Virtual Tracker

Bittorrent is powerful peer-to-peer network protocol for sharing individual resources. It is very popular among Internet users because there are many easy-to-use bittorrent clients and many resources in bittorrent network. In other hand, bittorrent peer-to-peer behavior generate a lot of traffic and bring the network bottleneck at internet connection line in many organizations This paper proposes a model of bittorrent cache system which using transparent tracker for reducing download traffic from all active downloading tasks in local network, show some experimental results to reduce all download traffic, and show deterministic fluid model to analyze the big picture of the system
Multiuser Detection for S-UMTS and GMR-1 Mobile Systems

Application of multiuser detection (MUD) techniques to current and to-be deployed mobile communication systems is currently under study within the scientific and industrial communities. In this paper, we dwell on the applicability of successive interference cancellation (SIC) and turbo spatial minimum mean squared error-interference cancellation (turbo SMMSE-IC) to a CDMA and a TDMA mobile satellite system (MSS), i.e. S-UMTS and GMR-1, which provide seamless service and coverage extension to their terrestrial counterparts: UMTS and GSM. The adoption of MUD techniques for these two systems turns out to be instrumental for achieving the required high spectral efficiency, but also very challenging due to the peculiarities of the MSS environment. Performance of the two techniques is evaluated considering correlated Rician fading, non-linear distortion introduced by high power amplifiers, and residual parameter estimation errors. Our results show that MUD techniques allow to largely increase MSS throughput: in S-UMTS a number of users as large as twice the spreading factor can be sustained, while a full frequency reuse can be adopted in GMR-1