Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Olanzapine-induced weight gain in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine addition.

OBJECTIVE Since olanzapine-induced weight gain may be attributable to the antagonistic activity of olanzapine at the serotonin-2C receptor, the authors hypothesized that it might be attenuated by addition of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. METHOD First-episode hospitalized schizophrenia patients (N=30) were randomly assigned in an 8-week double-blind study of olanzapine, 10 mg/day, coadministered with either fluoxetine, 20 mg/day (N=15), or placebo (N=15). RESULTS The group receiving olanzapine plus fluoxetine showed significantly less improvement in positive and disorganized symptom dimensions than the group receiving olanzapine plus placebo. The two groups demonstrated similar and substantial gradual weight gains. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that fluoxetine coadministration is clinically ineffective and cannot attenuate olanzapine-induced weight gain.
Efficient Algorithms for Discovering Concept Drift in Business Processes

ions in Process Mining An event log is a piece of data, recorded during the execution of a single business process during some period of time. Example: an event log of the medical insurance claim process recorded in year 2012 by the information system of an insurance company. A process instance, case or trace refers to a single execution of the process. Example: John Doe claiming insurance after falling ill during his journey in July 2012. An activity or task refers to separate actions, executed during the process. Example: during the insurance claim process, “Register” task is executed to insert the data about the claim into the system and "Medical check" task is executed to assess the medical condition of the claimant. An event refers to execution of an activity during a single case. Example: John Doe is being assessed during the “Medical Check”. A case is an ordered list of events. Events can have additional attributes, such as timestamps, resources, cost, etc. Example: John Doe was examined by doctor Brown (resource) at 16:20:00 on 01.08. 2012 (timestamp) and she concluded that Doe's statements about his illness are true (custom boolean attribute).
Image multi-scale edge detection using 3-D Hidden Markov Model based on the non-decimated wavelet

Edge detection plays an important role in digital image processing. Based on the non-decimated wavelet which is shift-invariant, in this paper, we develop a new edge detecting technique using 3-D Hidden Markov Model. Our proposed model can not only capture the relationship of the wavelet coefficients inter-scale, but also consider the intra-scale dependence. A computationally efficient maximum likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm is employed to compute parameters and the hidden state of each coefficient is revealed by maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. Experimental results of natural images are provided to evaluate the algorithm. In addition, the proposed model has the potential to be an efficient multi-scale statistical modeling tool for other image or video processing tasks.
Evaluation of Random Forests on large-scale classification problems using a Bag-of-Visual-Words representation

Random Forest is a very efficient classification method that has shown success in tasks like image segmentation or object detection, but has not been applied yet in large-scale image classification scenarios using a Bag-of-Visual-Words representation. In this work we evaluate the performance of Random Forest on the ImageNet dataset, and compare it to standard approaches in the state-of-the-art.
Preservation of iridescent colours in Phorinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Abstract Background Iridescent blue-green colours are exhibited by various organisms including several taxa in the Tachinidae (Diptera) with notable examples within the Afrotropical members of the genus Phorinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. The vivid colouration observed in life quickly fades to a dull golden-yellow when a specimen is dried. Although well known, no published explanation has been given for this phenomenon. New information We illustrate the mechanism associated with this colour change. We also test and propose technical alternatives to retain the living colours in dried specimens.
Inverse Multiplexing for Reliable Transport in Wide-Area Wireless Networks

The limited bandwidth of current wide-area wireless access networks (WWANs) is often insuff icient for demanding applications, such as streaming audio or video, data mining applications, or high-resolution imaging. Inverse multiplexing is a standard method for achieving higher end-to-end bandwidth by splitt ing traffic across multiple physical li nks creating a single logical channel. This technique is commonly used today in ISDN and analog dialup installations. Current implementations, however, are designed for private links with stable channel characteristics. Unfortunately, most WWAN technologies use shared channels that display highly variable link characteristics, including bandwidth, latency, and loss rates. This paper presents a novel inverse multiplexing method for WWAN environments, termed Link Quality Balancing, which uses relative performance metrics to adjust traff ic scheduling between bundled links. By exchanging loss rate information, we compute relative short-term available bandwidths for each link. We discuss the challenges of adaptation in a WWAN network, CDPD in particular, and present performance measurements of our current implementation of Wide-Area Multi -Link PPP (WAMP) for CDPD modems under both Constant Bit Rate (CBR) and TCP loads.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SUCCESSFUL TRANSITIONS INTO THE ROLE OF A NEW SUPERINTENDENCY IN TEXAS: A MIXED METHODS TRIANGULATION CONVERGENCE INQUIRY

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors contributing to a successful transition into the role of a new superintendency in Texas. A triangular designed mixed methodology with a convergence model was employed. The setting was urban, suburban, and rural school districts in Texas. The participants were superintendents of public school districts in Texas. Quantitative data were collected through the use of an electronic survey, while a focus group was conducted to collect the qualitative data. Participating superintendents indicated that the training and education they received had adequately prepared them for the role of a new superintendent and that school board relations were important during the entry period. Analysis of qualitative data resulted in three themes; namely, community, learning, and goals and expectations. In accordance with the convergence model, the quantitative and qualitative results were synthesized and discussed. Based on the results of the study, a need for additional professional development programs or emphasis in college and university programs on the entry period of the superintendency, negotiating the superintendent’s contract, writing an entry plan, and working with stake holders was indicated.
The development of working memory: further note on the comparability of two models of working memory.

This paper is a set of reflections on Kemps, De Rammelaere, and Desmet's article (2000, this issue), in which the two models by Baddeley and Pascual-Leone are compared. First, some of the similarities and differences between the two models which we identified in a 1994 paper (de Ribaupierre & Bailleux, 1994) are briefly summarized and reexamined in the light of more recent work. Second, we debate the issue of whether each model makes a specific contribution to the explanation of some of Kemps et al.'s results, that is, of whether they can be considered to be complementary. Third, we argue for the necessity of theoretical task analyses, in view of the divergent results obtained in the two tasks used (the Corsi and the Peanut tasks), notably different developmental profiles, and an overall higher level of performance in the Corsi task. Finally, we briefly summarize a very similar study in which we also used Mr. Peanut with concurrent tasks in children and in young adults and in which we obtained rather different results. By comparing the experimental procedures used in the two studies, we contribute some exploratory hypotheses, while raising issues that can easily be generalized to other visuo-spatial working memory tasks.
Children's altruism in public good and dictator experiments

We examine the development of altruistic and free-riding behavior in 6-12-year-old children. We find that the level of altruistic behavior in children is similar to that of adults but that repetition has a different effect. Younger children's contributions tend to increase in later rounds of the experiments, whereas the contributions of older children, like those of adults, tend to decline. Group attachment is associated with higher contributions. Contributions in a subsequent dictator experiment are correlated with first-roundn contributions in the public good experiment, but are not strongly correlated with last-round contributions.
The cabbage aphid: a walking mustard oil bomb

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, has developed a chemical defence system that exploits and mimics that of its host plants, involving sequestration of the major plant secondary metabolites (glucosinolates). Like its host plants, the aphid produces a myrosinase (β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase) to catalyse the hydrolysis of glucosinolates, yielding biologically active products. Here, we demonstrate that aphid myrosinase expression in head/thoracic muscle starts during embryonic development and protein levels continue to accumulate after the nymphs are born. However, aphids are entirely dependent on the host plant for the glucosinolate substrate, which they store in the haemolymph. Uptake of a glucosinolate (sinigrin) was investigated when aphids fed on plants or an in vitro system and followed a different developmental pattern in winged and wingless aphid morphs. In nymphs of the wingless aphid morph, glucosinolate level continued to increase throughout the development to the adult stage, but the quantity in nymphs of the winged form peaked before eclosion (at day 7) and subsequently declined. Winged aphids excreted significantly higher amounts of glucosinolate in the honeydew when compared with wingless aphids, suggesting regulated transport across the gut. The higher level of sinigrin in wingless aphids had a significant negative impact on survival of a ladybird predator. Larvae of Adalia bipunctata were unable to survive when fed adult wingless aphids from a 1% sinigrin diet, but survived successfully when fed aphids from a glucosinolate-free diet (wingless or winged), or winged aphids from 1% sinigrin. The apparent lack of an effective chemical defence system in adult winged aphids possibly reflects their energetic investment in flight as an alternative predator avoidance mechanism.
ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR FRACTAL OPTICAL ANTENNA ARRAYS | A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

Fractal antennas have undergone dramatic changes since they were flrst considered for wireless systems. Numerous advancements are developed both in the area of fractal shaped elements and fractal antenna array technology for fractal electrodynamics. This paper makes an attempt of applying the concept of fractal antenna array technology in the RF regime to optical antenna array technology in the optical regime using nonlinear array concepts. The paper further discusses on the enhancement of nonlinear array characteristics of fractal optical antenna arrays using nonlinearities in coupled antennas and arrays in a conceptual manner.
Edaphobacter dinghuensis sp. nov., an acidobacterium isolated from lower subtropical forest soil.

An aerobic bacterium, designated DHF9T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the lower subtropical forest of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, PR China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short rods that multiplied by binary division. Strain DHF9T was an obligately acidophilic, mesophilic bacterium capable of growth at pH 3.5-5.5 (optimum pH 4.0) and at 10-33 °C (optimum 28-33 °C). Growth was inhibited at NaCl concentrations above 2.0 % (w/v). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. The polar lipids consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified polar lipids and an unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 57.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain belongs to the genus Edaphobacter in subdivision 1 of the phylum Acidobacteria, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.0 % to Edaphobacter modestus Jbg-1T. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological analyses, it is proposed that strain DHF9T represents a novel species of the genus Edaphobacter, named Edaphobacter dinghuensis sp. nov. The type strain is DHF9T ( = DSM 29920T = CGMCC 1.12997T).
Sheared Interpolation and Gradient Estimation for Real-Time Volume Rendering

In this paper we present a technique for the interactive control and display of static and dynamic 3D datasets. We describe novel ways of tri-linear interpolation and gradient estimation for a real-time volume rendering system, using coherency between rays. We show simulation results that compare the proposed methods to traditional algorithms and present them in the cantezt of Cube-B, a special-purpose architecture capable of rendering 5123 16-bit per voxel datasets at over 20 frames per second.
A Brief Look at What Economists Are Saying About the Community College

This essay canvasses selected studies undertaken by economists on the community college. Key authors and journals are noted, followed by an examination of what economists contribute to our understanding of the community college in terms of costs, price and financial aid, economic and social benefits, and the institution’s role in furthering student educational attainment.
Activation of the DNA-binding ability of human heat shock transcription factor 1 may involve the transition from an intramolecular to an intermolecular triple-stranded coiled-coil structure

Heat stress regulation of human heat shock genes is mediated by human heat shock transcription factor hHSF1, which contains three 4-3 hydrophobic repeats (LZ1 to LZ3). In unstressed human cells (37 degrees C), hHSF1 appears to be in an inactive, monomeric state that may be maintained through intramolecular interactions stabilized by transient interaction with hsp70. Heat stress (39 to 42 degrees C) disrupts these interactions, and hHSF1 homotrimerizes and acquires heat shock element DNA-binding ability. hHSF1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes also assumes a monomeric, non-DNA-binding state and is converted to a trimeric, DNA-binding form upon exposure of the oocytes to heat shock (35 to 37 degrees C in this organism). Because endogenous HSF DNA-binding activity is low and anti-hHSF1 antibody does not recognize Xenopus HSF, we employed this system for mapping regions in hHSF1 that are required for the maintenance of the monomeric state. The results of mutagenesis analyses strongly suggest that the inactive hHSF1 monomer is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions involving all three leucine zippers which may form a triple-stranded coiled coil. Trimerization may enable the DNA-binding function of hHSF1 by facilitating cooperative binding of monomeric DNA-binding domains to the heat shock element motif. This view is supported by observations that several different LexA DNA-binding domain-hHSF1 chimeras bind to a LexA-binding site in a heat-regulated fashion, that single amino acid replacements disrupting the integrity of hydrophobic repeats render these chimeras constitutively trimeric and DNA binding, and that LexA itself binds stably to DNA only as a dimer but not as a monomer in our assays.
Cocaine Is Low on the Value Ladder of Rats: Possible Evidence for Resilience to Addiction

Background Assessing the relative value of cocaine and how it changes with chronic drug use represents a long-standing goal in addiction research. Surprisingly, recent experiments in rats – by far the most frequently used animal model in this field – suggest that the value of cocaine is lower than previously thought. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we report a series of choice experiments that better define the relative position of cocaine on the value ladder of rats (i.e., preference rank-ordering of different rewards). Rats were allowed to choose either taking cocaine or drinking water sweetened with saccharin – a nondrug alternative that is not biologically essential. By systematically varying the cost and concentration of sweet water, we found that cocaine is low on the value ladder of the large majority of rats, near the lowest concentrations of sweet water. In addition, a retrospective analysis of all experiments over the past 5 years revealed that no matter how heavy was past cocaine use most rats readily give up cocaine use in favor of the nondrug alternative. Only a minority, fewer than 15% at the heaviest level of past cocaine use, continued to take cocaine, even when hungry and offered a natural sugar that could relieve their need of calories. Conclusions/Significance This pattern of results (cocaine abstinence in most rats; cocaine preference in few rats) maps well onto the epidemiology of human cocaine addiction and suggests that only a minority of rats would be vulnerable to cocaine addiction while the large majority would be resilient despite extensive drug use. Resilience to drug addiction has long been suspected in humans but could not be firmly established, mostly because it is difficult to control retrospectively for differences in drug self-exposure and/or availability in human drug users. This conclusion has important implications for preclinical research on the neurobiology of cocaine addiction and for future medication development.
Diet, obesity and hypertension: an hypothesis involving insulin, the sympathetic nervous system, and adaptive thermogenesis.

The association of obesity and hypertension is well recognized. Although the frequency of hypertension in obese subjects varies depending upon the age, race, and sex of the population studied, as well as the definitions employed for 'hypertension' and 'obesity", several reports suggest that as many as 50 to 60 percent of overweight people have high blood pressure [1, 2]. Hypertension, more importantly, is probably the major factor accounting for increased cardiovascular disease in the obese [3, 4]. Despite the importance of the clinical problem, the fundamental nature of the association between obesity and hypertension has been obscure. Recent epidemiological and physiological studies, however, suggest that insulin and the sympathetic nervous system may be involved, and that the hypertension of obesity may be the unfortunate by-product of mechanisms that establish energy balance and limit weight gain.
Training a single multiplicative neuron with a harmony search algorithm for prediction of S&P500 index - An extensive performance evaluation

Harmony Search is a relatively new meta-heuristic algorithm for continuous optimization, in which its concept imitates the process of music improvisation. This paper applied an improved harmony search algorithm called Harmony Search with Adaptive Pitch Adjustment (HSAPA) for prediction of stock market index. HSAPA is applied to optimize the weights and biases of Single Multiplicative Neuron for the prediction of daily S&P500 index. Its prediction performance has been extensively evaluated using various sizes of dataset, training proportions, and beginning dates spanning from 1990 to 2009, a totaling of 108 test sets. The prediction results are compared to those of standard Back Propagation learning method and Opposition-based Differential Evolution algorithm, a very efficient and widely-accepted evolutionary algorithm. The results demonstrate that HSAPA is very promising for the stock market index prediction, measured with the mean absolute percentage error of the prediction results.
Induction of apoptosis in prostate carcinoma cells by BH3 peptides which inhibit Bak/Bcl-2 interactions

Interactions between proteins of the Bcl-2 family play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic family members can heterodimerize with pro-apoptotic family members and antagonize their function, thus protecting against death. In cells protected from death by overexpression of Bcl-2 much of the Bax is present in Bax/Bcl-2 hetero-multimers and its death signal is blocked as it cannot homodimerize. This led us to use the Bcl-2/Bax heterodimer as a target for new compounds which may provide a therapy particularly suited to tumour cells for which resistance to conventional therapy is associated with elevated expression of Bcl-2. We assessed whether apoptosis could be induced in prostate tumour cells by blocking this heterodimerization with synthetic peptide sequences derived from the BH3 domain of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Prostate cells were found to undergo up to 40% apoptosis 48 h following the introduction of synthetic peptides from the BH3 domains of Bax and Bak. The caspase inhibitor z-VAD.fmk provided protection against apoptosis mediated by these peptides. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that introduction of peptides derived from the BH3 regions of Bak and Bax into cells blocked Bak/Bcl-2 heterodimerization. These data suggest that by blocking the dimerization through which Bcl-2 would normally inhibit apoptosis the apoptotic pathway driven by Bak was re-opened. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
A Social Recognition Approach to Autonomy

Inspired by philosophical reasoning about the connection between equality and freedom, we examined whether experiences of (equality-based) respect increase perceived autonomy. This link was tested with generalized experiences of respect and autonomy people make in their daily lives (Study 1) and with more specific experiences of employees at the workplace (Study 2). In both studies, respect strongly and independently contributed to perceived autonomy over and above other forms of social recognition (need-based care and achievement-based social esteem) and further affected (life/work) satisfaction. Study 3 experimentally confirmed the hypothesized causal influence of respect on perceived autonomy and demonstrated that this effect further translates into social cooperation. The respect–cooperation link was simultaneously mediated by perceived autonomy and superordinate collective identification. We discuss how the recognition approach, which differentiates between respect, care, and social esteem, can enrich research on autonomy.