Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel overlay architecture for Information Centric Networking

Information Centric Networks (ICN) has emerged as a new Internet paradigm where the users are being provided seamless access to contents rather than the host as in classical approach. For ICN realization, the current Internet requires architectural changes. These changes must be incorporated such that existing applications continue running without any difficulties. In this paper, we introduce a novel ICN architecture, called Overlay Information Centric Networks (O-ICN), which separates the data plane from the control plane activities of the network. Unlike the usual ICN architectures, in our approach naming and routing (control plane) functionalities have been segregated from the caching (data plane) functionality at each ICN router. We introduce a new module called an ICN Manager which is an extended version of Domain Name System (DNS) server and performs name resolution along with routing functionalities for ICN type of requests as well as the normal DNS resolution for non-ICN type of requests. The O-ICN architecture can be deployed incrementally over the current Internet and can operate both as ICN and non-ICN/legacy network simultaneously. This can also be implemented both in Software Defined Networks (SDN) as well as non-SDN networks without much modifications. The proposed architecture provides benefits in terms of simplification of network management, vendor independent solution, better use of network resources in terms of bandwidth and delay, and reduction of deployment/operational cost of the network.
Effects of deep and superficial heating in the management of frozen shoulder.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether the addition of deep or superficial heating to stretching produces better clinical outcomes than stretching alone in the management of frozen shoulder. DESIGN A single-blinded, randomized controlled study. SUBJECTS Thirty subjects suffering from the stiffness phase of frozen shoulder. METHODS Subjects were randomly allocated to receive: (i) deep heating plus stretching; (ii) superficial heating plus stretching; or (iii) stretching alone. Both heating groups received the respective treatments 3 times per week for 4 weeks. All groups received a standard set of shoulder stretching exercises. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons assessment form was recorded at the baseline, sessions 6 and 12, and at the 4-week follow-up session. RESULTS A significant improvement was seen in all groups in all outcome measures except for that of shoulder flexion range. The improvement in the shoulder score index and in the range of motion was significantly better in the deep heating group than in the superficial heating group. CONCLUSION The addition of deep heating to stretching exercises produced a greater improvement in pain relief, and resulted in better performance in the activities of daily living and in range of motion than did superficial heating.
Cross-Domain and Cross-Language Portability of Acoustic Features Estimated by Multilayer Perceptrons

Recent results with phone-posterior acoustic features estimated by multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) have shown that such features can effectively improve the accuracy of state-of-the-art large vocabulary speech recognition systems. MLP features are trained discriminatively to perform phone classification and are therefore, like acoustic models, tuned to a particular language and application domain. In this paper we investigate how portable such features are across domains and languages. We show that even without retraining, English-trained MLP features can provide a significant boost to recognition accuracy in new domains within the same language, as well as in entirely different languages such as Mandarin and Arabic. We also show the effectiveness of feature-level adaptation in porting MLP features to new domains
rhBMP-2 induces transient bone resorption followed by bone formation in a nonhuman primate core-defect model.

BACKGROUND Bone resorption preceding bone formation has been reported following the administration of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in metaphyseal bone. This study characterizes treatment with rhBMP-2/ACS in metaphyseal bone with use of a nonhuman primate core-defect model. METHODS Unilateral proximal femoral core defects were treated with 360 microg of rhBMP-2/ACS or ACS alone or were left untreated in seven, five, and five adult male cynomolgus monkeys, respectively. Distal femoral core defects in seven of the above animals were treated with 360 microg of rhBMP-2/ACS in one limb and ACS alone in the contralateral limb. Retention of rhBMP-2 in the proximal part of the femora was determined with use of tracer amounts of (125)I-rhBMP-2 imaged with a gamma camera. The distal part of the femora was evaluated with in vivo computed tomography. Computed tomography and histological evaluation were performed on harvested segments in all animals at twenty-four weeks. The histological response in the proximal and distal parts of the femora containing core defects treated with 360 microg of rhBMP-2/ACS in one limb and ACS alone in the contralateral limb was evaluated at one, two, and four weeks in three animals per time point. RESULTS Approximately 39.9%, 24.2%, 3.4%, and 0.5% of the rhBMP-2 was retained in the proximal part of the femora at one, seven, fourteen, and twenty-one days, respectively. The mineral density and trabecular volume fraction of the core defects treated with rhBMP-2/ACS, those treated with ACS alone, and untreated core defects in the proximal part of the femora were 81%, 54%, and 20%, respectively, and 94%, 36%, and 31%, respectively, of the corresponding region in the contralateral limbs at twenty-four weeks. The mineral density and trabecular volume fraction of the region surrounding the core defects treated with rhBMP-2/ACS, those treated with ACS alone, and untreated core defects were 112%, 105%, and 104%, respectively, and 117%, 108%, and 107%, respectively, of the corresponding region in the contralateral limbs. Treatment with rhBMP-2/ACS increased the size of the proximal and distal core defects compared with treatment with ACS alone. Histological evaluation of the rhBMP-2/ACS-treated limbs demonstrated that bone resorption was initiated at one week in association with osteoclasts and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand-positive stained spindle-shaped cells and peaked at two weeks. Bone formation was observed at two weeks and was ongoing at twenty-four weeks. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of metaphyseal core defects with rhBMP-2/ACS resulted in bone resorption followed by bone formation in nonhuman primates.
Statistical analysis of influenza propagation pattern using prescription data from Tochigi Prefecture

: In this study, we estimate the propagation patterns of influenza using prescription data obtained from pharmacies in multiple areas. In our model, we assume that a peak in the volume of sales of medicine corresponds to a peak in an influenza epidemic, and we use a cross-correlation function to estimate propagation patterns by estimating the interregional gap in the time-series of the volume of sales of anti-influenza medicine. We also examine the causal relation between different time-series using the Granger causal test. Based on the propagation patterns estimated from these causal relations, we determine that the influenza virus consistently spreads outward from city centers. Finally, we assess the reproducibility of results obtained from the two estimation methods used in this study using a stochastic SIR model.
MiniAgda: Integrating Sized and Dependent Types

Sized types are a modular and theoretically well-understood tool for checking termination of recursive and productivity of corecursive definitions. The essential idea is to track structural descent and guardedness in the type system to make termination checking robust and suitable for strong abstractions like higher-order functions and polymorphism. To study the application of sized types to proof assistants and programming languages based on dependent type theory, we have implemented a core language, MiniAgda, with explicit handling of sizes. New considerations were necessary to soundly integrate sized types with dependencies and pattern matching, which was made possible by modern concepts such as inaccessible patterns and parametric function spaces. This paper provides an
Formation control of multiple wheeled mobile robots with uncertainty

This paper considers formation control of a group of wheeled mobile robots with uncertainty. Decentralized cooperative controllers are proposed in two steps. In the first step, cooperative control laws are proposed for multiple kinematic systems with the aid of results from graph theory such that a group of robots comes into a desired formation. In the second step, cooperative control laws for multiple uncertain dynamic systems are proposed with the aid of backstepping techniques and the passivity properties of the dynamic systems such that the group of robots comes into the desired formation. Simulation results show effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
An Affective Role Model of Software Agent for Effective Agent-based E-Learning by Interplaying between Emotions and Learning

E-learning could become the major form of training and development in organizations as technologies will improve to create a fully interactive and humanized learning environment (Tim L. Wentling, et al, 2000). Hence to recognize this objective this paper would like to explain about an affective role model of a software agent to facilitate interactive online learning by considering and incorporating emotional features associated to learning with a view to strengthening the expectation of Lister (Lister, et al, 1999) that the differences between F-to-F and purely web-based courses are rapidly disappearing. The paper first presents the relationships between emotion and learning from different literatures and surveys. Then an affective model for e-learning is explored. After the model the paper enlists the emotion dynamics underpinned by a software agent. The paper concludes with the notion of future and extension of further research.
Pharmacokinetics of once-daily saquinavir hard-gelatin capsules and saquinavir soft-gelatin capsules boosted with ritonavir in HIV-1-infected subjects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetics of once-daily saquinavir (SQV) hard-gelatin capsule (HGC)/ritonavir (RTV), 1600/100 mg, compared with once-daily SQV soft-gelatin capsule (SGC)/RTV, 1600/100 mg. METHODS We evaluated 13 randomly selected HIV-1-infected subjects taking once-daily SQV SGC/RTV, 1600/100 mg, plus dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in this pharmacokinetic (PK) substudy. Subjects took 1 week of SQV HGC/RTV and NRTIs, followed by steady-state SQV PK determinations. Subjects then changed to SQV SGC/RTV and NRTIs for 1 week, followed again by steady-state SQV PK determinations. Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC), maximum concentration (C(max)), minimum concentration (C(min)), time to C(max), and elimination half-life were calculated. RESULTS There was no significant difference in AUC values between HGCs and SGCs, with a median (plus interquartile range [IQR]) of 50.0 (42.6-71.5) versus 35.5 (28.0-50.2) mg/L/h, respectively ( =.056). Intersubject variability resulted in 4 of 13 subjects on the SQV SGCs and 2 of 13 subjects on the SQV HGCs having a C(min) below the minimum effective concentration of 0.05 mg/L. CONCLUSION Once-daily SQV HGCs, 1600 mg, boosted with once-daily RTV, 100 mg, resulted in PK parameters that were similar to those observed with 1600 mg of SQV SGC/100 mg RTV once daily. Once-daily SQV HGC/RTV, 1600/100 mg, may be easier to use in developing countries and may increase access where drug costs can be less, the capsule size is smaller, and the need for refrigeration is lessened.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Transsexual Persons Undergoing Sex Reassignment Surgery: Cohort Study in Sweden

Context The treatment for transsexualism is sex reassignment, including hormonal treatment and surgery aimed at making the person's body as congruent with the opposite sex as possible. There is a dearth of long term, follow-up studies after sex reassignment. Objective To estimate mortality, morbidity, and criminal rate after surgical sex reassignment of transsexual persons. Design A population-based matched cohort study. Setting Sweden, 1973-2003. Participants All 324 sex-reassigned persons (191 male-to-females, 133 female-to-males) in Sweden, 1973–2003. Random population controls (10∶1) were matched by birth year and birth sex or reassigned (final) sex, respectively. Main Outcome Measures Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality and psychiatric morbidity were obtained with Cox regression models, which were adjusted for immigrant status and psychiatric morbidity prior to sex reassignment (adjusted HR [aHR]). Results The overall mortality for sex-reassigned persons was higher during follow-up (aHR 2.8; 95% CI 1.8–4.3) than for controls of the same birth sex, particularly death from suicide (aHR 19.1; 95% CI 5.8–62.9). Sex-reassigned persons also had an increased risk for suicide attempts (aHR 4.9; 95% CI 2.9–8.5) and psychiatric inpatient care (aHR 2.8; 95% CI 2.0–3.9). Comparisons with controls matched on reassigned sex yielded similar results. Female-to-males, but not male-to-females, had a higher risk for criminal convictions than their respective birth sex controls. Conclusions Persons with transsexualism, after sex reassignment, have considerably higher risks for mortality, suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric morbidity than the general population. Our findings suggest that sex reassignment, although alleviating gender dysphoria, may not suffice as treatment for transsexualism, and should inspire improved psychiatric and somatic care after sex reassignment for this patient group.
A randomized control trial between fosfomycin and cefuroxime as the antibiotic prophylaxis in knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND Antibiotic prophylaxis is used in all patient underwent total knee arthroplasty to prevent post operative infection which produced poor outcome. The suitable drug should be safe and good efficacy. OBJECTIVE To study safety and efficacy of fosfomicin and cefuroxime as antibiotic prophylaxis for total knee arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHOD The control trial was performed to find out efficacy and safety of fosfomycin as an antibiotic prophylaxis comparing to cefuroxime. There were 112 patients, 14 male and 98 female, with their ages ranged between 57 and 86 years. They were randomly divided into two groups, the fosfomycin group, 56 patients and the cefuroxime group, 56 patients. All patients underwent elective knee arthroplasty by the authors. The scheduled antibiotics were given perioperatively for 24 hours and all patients were followed-up for 6 months. Physical examination, skin temperature of the operated knee, radiograph and blood tests were carried out in the patients to monitor post operative infection, renal and liver disturbance. RESULTS One patient in the cefuroxime group had local wound infection which responded well to local treatment and administration of antibiotics. No patients had post operative infection at the 6 months follow-up. No patients had any complication and none had renal and liver function disturbance during the follow-up. CONCLUSION Comparing to cefuroxime,fosfomycin is safe and effective for the use as antibiotic prophylaxis in knee arthroplasty.
An Efficient Minimal Solution for Multi-camera Motion

Summary form only given. We propose an efficient method for estimating the motion of a multi-camera rig from a minimal set of feature correspondences. Existing methods for solving the multi-camera relative pose problem require extra correspondences, are slow to compute, and/or produce a multitude of solutions. Our solution uses a first-order approximation to relative pose in order to simplify the problem and produce an accurate estimate quickly. The solver is applicable to sequential multi-camera motion estimation and is fast enough for real-time implementation in a random sampling framework. Our experiments show that our approach is both stable and efficient on challenging test sequences.
Handling objectives as adaptive constraints for multiobjective structural optimization

Very often real-world applications involve multiple objectives. Research on multiobjective evolutionary optimization algorithms have amply demonstrated that they are capable of finding multiple and diverse non-dominated solutions which allows the user to choose among many solutions. Although it is difficult to evaluate the importance of the various objectives quantitatively during the conceptual/preliminary stages of the design process, usually qualitative preference can be specified. This paper presents a novel, simple and intuitive way to integrate the user's preference into the evolutionary algorithm. This approach treats relatively more important objectives as adaptive constraints whose ideal values will be adaptively changed during the optimization procedure. Such changes will affect the region feasibility of the objective space which results in the variation of problem type (unconstrained problem, moderately constrained problem or highly constrained problem). As the selection criteria for mating partner depends on the type of problem in the algorithm used here, more selection pressure is put on adaptive constraints. The algorithm is validated using a target matching test problem. The results obtained indicate that the approach can produce good results at reasonable computational costs. The proposed algorithm efficiently guides the population towards the (preferred) region of interest, allowing a faster convergence and a better coverage of the preferred area of the Pareto optimal front based on the relative importance of the objectives.
Paralogous Radiations of PIN Proteins with Multiple Origins of Noncanonical PIN Structure

The plant hormone auxin is a conserved regulator of development which has been implicated in the generation of morphological novelty. PIN-FORMED1 (PIN) auxin efflux carriers are central to auxin function by regulating its distribution. PIN family members have divergent structures and cellular localizations, but the origin and evolutionary significance of this variation is unresolved. To characterize PIN family evolution, we have undertaken phylogenetic and structural analyses with a massive increase in taxon sampling over previous studies. Our phylogeny shows that following the divergence of the bryophyte and lycophyte lineages, two deep duplication events gave rise to three distinct lineages of PIN proteins in euphyllophytes. Subsequent independent radiations within each of these lineages were taxonomically asymmetric, giving rise to at least 21 clades of PIN proteins, of which 15 are revealed here for the first time. Although most PIN protein clades share a conserved canonical structure with a modular central loop domain, a small number of noncanonical clades dispersed across the phylogeny have highly divergent protein structure. We propose that PIN proteins underwent sub- and neofunctionalization with substantial modification to protein structure throughout plant evolution. Our results have important implications for plant evolution as they suggest that structurally divergent PIN proteins that arose in paralogous radiations contributed to the convergent evolution of organ systems in different land plant lineages.
Measuring System of Urea in Blood by Application in Recirculation for Hemodialysis Treatment

End stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the most common life-threatening diseases. The number of patients accepted for renal replacement therapy including hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation in developed and developing countries increases each year and imposes a major social and economic burden on these communities. (1) With an increasing number of elderly patients as well as patients with co-morbid conditions such as vascular disease and diabetes mellitus in the hemodialysis (HD) population, a well functioning mature arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is essential for the delivering HD in these patients. [1],[2] Malfunction of permanent vascular accesses remains a cause of frequent and costly morbidity among these patients. [3] Stenosis of the HD vascular access is common with an occlusion rate of 17–45% at one year. [4],[5] Therefore, periodic monitoring of the access is recommended; early detection and correction of stenotic lesions can reduce the frequency of thrombosis and the need for high-risk therapy, increase the life of the access and help to reduce the rate of access failure. [1],[5] A variety of techniques such as physical examination, venous pump pressure, percent access recirculation, transonic flow and others are helpful in detecting vascular access dysfunction and improve assessment of the vascular access site. [4],[6] There is currently no consensus as to the optimum method of screening for stenosis; the most widely used method of screening for stenosis has been the percent access recirculation (%AR) measurement. [4] Vascular access recirculation (AR) is defined as the return of dialyzed blood to the arterial segment of the access bypassing the systemic recirculation, thereby resulting in reducing the efficiency of dialysis. [7] High degrees of recirculation can lead to a significant discrepancy between the amount of HD prescribed and the amount of HD delivered. [8] Some investigators have suggested that AR of 15% or higher reliably suggests significant stenosis. [4] The usually method for recirculation measuring is the Doppler Effect and the different technical based in the circulation blood sense of through the needles. These procedures have the great advantage to be carried by the medical and infirmary personal. At the moment some automatic systems estimate the recirculation rate with used hemodilution technical that consist in the administration of saline serum in the return line,
Clustering methods for video browsing and annotation

The large amount of video data makes it a tedious and hard job to browse and annotate them by just fast forward and rewind. Recent works in video parsing provide a foundation for building interactive and content based video browsing systems. In this paper, a generalized top-down hierarchial clustering process, which adopts partition clustering recursively at each level of the hierarchy, is studied and used to build hierarchical views of video shots. With the clustering processes, when a list of video programs or clips is provided, a browsing system can use either key-frame and/or shot features to cluster shots into classes, each of which consists of shots of similar content. After such clustering, each class of shots can be represented by an icon, which can then be displayed at the high levels of a hierarchical browser. As a result, users can know roughly the content of video shots even without moving down to a lower level of the hierarchy.
UNOISE2: improved error-correction for Illumina 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing

Amplicon sequencing of tags such as 16S and ITS ribosomal RNA is a popular method for investigating microbial populations. In such experiments, sequence errors caused by PCR and sequencing are difficult to distinguish from true biological variation. I describe UNOISE2, an updated version of the UNOISE algorithm for denoising (error-correcting) Illumina amplicon reads and show that it has comparable or better accuracy than DADA2.