Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A unified view of programming schemas and proof methods

The objectives of this investigation are (a) to study the similarities between proof planning and schema-guided programming (i.e., between proof methods and programming schemas), and (b) to express the latter in terms of the former, so as to be able to use any proof planner as an existing implementation platform for developing the first schema-guided developer of (standard or constraint) logic programs. This approach has the pleasant side-effect that any proof obligations, such as verifications, matchings, or simplifications, arising during schema-guided programming can also be handled within the plan-guided automated theorem prover. At the same time, this approach reveals an opportunity for identifying and integrating useful heuristics of when and how to apply what programming schema, which dimension had hitherto been much neglected for programming schemas, but not for proof methods. We will first revisit plan-guided theorem proving [2] (in Section 2) and then introduce the notion of schema-guided programming, as a generalisation of schema-guided program synthesis (whether through specification decomposition [25, 10] or through pre-computation for a specification schema [26, 12]) and of schema-guided program transformation [27, 6, 23] (in Section 3). This provides us with a framework [22] for unifying plan-guided theorem proving and schema-guided programming, and allows us thus to encode programming schemas as proof methods (in Section 4). Finally, we outline some first heuristics of when and how to apply what programming schema (in Section 5), as such heuristics naturally fit within this encoding. In the conclusion (Section 6), we summarise and sketch how to continue this research.
Asymmetric inheritance of cytoophidia in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

ABSTRACT A general view is that Schizosaccharomyces pombe undergoes symmetric cell division with two daughter cells inheriting equal shares of the content from the mother cell. Here we show that CTP synthase, a metabolic enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of the nucleotide CTP, can form filamentous cytoophidia in the cytoplasm and nucleus of S. pombe cells. Surprisingly, we observe that both cytoplasmic and nuclear cytoophidia are asymmetrically inherited during cell division. Our time-lapse studies suggest that cytoophidia are dynamic. Once the mother cell divides, the cytoplasmic and nuclear cytoophidia independently partition into one of the two daughter cells. Although the two daughter cells differ from one another morphologically, they possess similar chances of inheriting the cytoplasmic cytoophidium from the mother cell, suggesting that the partition of cytoophidium is a stochastic process. Our findings on asymmetric inheritance of cytoophidia in S. pombe offer an exciting opportunity to study the inheritance of metabolic enzymes in a well-studied model system.
Building Institutional Capacity through Collaborative Approaches to Urban Planning

Improving the qualities of places is attracting increasing policy and academic interest in contemporary Europe. This raises questions about the appropriate governance capacity to deliver such improvements. I argue that a key element of such capacity lies in the quality of local policy cultures. Some are well integrated, well connected, and well informed, and can mobilise readily to act to capture opportunities and enhance local conditions. Others are fragmented, lack the connections to sources of power and knowledge, and the mobilisation capacity, to organise to make a difference. In recent years, the emphasis in attempts to change urban governance capacity, particularly in Britain, has been on encouraging catalytic projects and partnerships. Recent experience across Europe suggests that wider transformative effects are difficult to achieve without careful consideration of the partnership form and how it connects to the wider policy culture. They may also have the effect of increasing the fragmentation of local capacity. I examine the potential of collaborative approaches in place-making initiatives in achieving more effective and durable transformations. Collaborative approaches emphasise the importance of building new policy discourses about the qualities of places, developing collaboration among stakeholders in policy development as well as delivery, widening stakeholder involvement beyond traditional power elites, recognising different forms of local knowledge, and building rich social networks as a resource of institutional capital through which new initiatives can be taken rapidly and legitimately. They shift the task of urban planning from ‘building places’ to fostering the institutional capacity in territorial political communities for ongoing ‘place-making’ activities.
Developmental Trends in Visuospatial Analysis and Planning: II. Memory for a Complex Figure

The ability of children between the ages of 6 and 12 to draw the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figureimmediately after having copied the figure was assessed with an existing scoring system, as well asadditional measures that the researchers developed to more precisely describe the process used bychildren in drawing this figure. As expected, younger children were poorer in their ability to recallthe figure than older children. All children, regardless of age, were more likely to use continuouslines when drawing the main units of the figure from memory than when copying the figure. Theapproach used to analyze the figure when copying it from a model influenced the accuracy of theinformation recalled and the process by which it was recalled. That is, those children who broke thefigure up into smaller units during copy were also more likely to recall the figure in a similar fashionand were more likely t o recall less about the figure.
Practical statistics for the voids between galaxies

SUMMARY: The voids between galaxies are identifled with the volumes of the Poisson Voronoi tessellation. Two new survival functions for the apparent radii of voids are derived. The sectional normalized area of the Poisson Voronoi tessellation is modelled by the Kiang function and by the exponential function. Two new survival functions with equivalent sectional radius are therefore derived; they represent an alternative to the survival function of voids between galaxies as given by the self-similar distribution. The spatial appearance of slices of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey is simulated.
Review: Management of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity in adults

Concepts of the current management of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities in adults are presented. The roles of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy as well as the combination of these modalities are reviewed. The addition of radiation therapy to less than radical surgery has resulted in higher rates of limb preservation and acceptable local control. A multi‐disciplinary approach will help achieve optimal functional results with less morbidity. Treatment of systemic disease is poor with current methods. Innovative uses of existing systemic modalities or new modalities will be important to improve results in the management of these difficult tumors. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infection of B cells with hepatitis C virus for the development of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, represented by essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, but the pathogenic mechanism remains obscure. HCV may infect B cells or interact with their cell surface receptors, and induce lymphoproliferation. The influence of HCV infection of B cells on the development of lymphoproliferative disorders was evaluated in 75 patients with persistent HCV infection. HCV infection was more prevalent (63% vs. 16%, 14%, or 17% P < 0.05 for each), and HCV RNA levels were higher (3.35 ± 3.85 vs. 1.75 ± 2.52, 2.15 ± 2.94 or 2.10 ± 2.90 log copies/100 ng, P < 0.01 for each) in B cells than CD4+, CD8+ T cells or other cells. Negative‐strand HCV RNA, as a marker of viral replication, was detected in B cells from four of the 75 (5%) patients. Markers for lymphoproliferative disorders were more frequent in the 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C than the 32 with chronic hepatitis B, including cryoglobulinemia (26% vs. 0%, P < 0.001), low CH50 levels (48% vs. 3%, P = 0.012), and the clonality of B cells (12% vs. 0%, P < 0.01). By multivariate analysis, HCV RNA in B cells was an independent factor associated with the presence of at least one marker for lymphoproliferation (odds ratio: 1.98 [95% confidence interval: 1.36–7.24], P = 0.027). Based on the results obtained, the infection of B cells with HCV would play an important role in the development of lymphoproliferative disorders. J. Med. Virol. 81:619–627, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mechanical fault characteristic extraction method based on orthogonal non-negative matrix factorization

A new characteristic extracting approach based on orthogonality non-negative matrix factorization with principle component analysis solving the initialization problem (PCAONMF) is presented. The research for this algorithm is added the orthogonality constraints to increase the orthogonality, locality and independence of the basic vectors, and make the factorization results easy to explain. On the other hand, the initialization of principle component analysis improves the robustness of the algorithm. Simulation experiments show that the characteriatic basis vectors based on PCA-ONMF have smaller reconstruction error. And the gear box fault recognition experiment results with higher recognition accuracy confirm the effectiveness of the method.
Research on the Mode of Public Service of Science and Technology Information Based on Enterprises' Technological Innovation in China

Starting with the information requirement of enterprises' technological innovation, this paper analyzes public service of science and technology information which includes three aspects—research on the development strategies of the industries, information provision of enterprises' technological innovation and support of the management ability of enterprises' technological innovation. Then it constructs the model of public service of science and technology information, using the actual effect of public service of science and technology information in Hunan Province proves its feasibility. Finally, it prospects the future development of public service of science and technology information.
Using networks to support the professional development of teachers

Abstract Besides knowledge about educational technology, teachers need examples and assistance in the incorporation process in order to implement information and communication technologies in schools. Thus, teachers have need for feedback and coaching activities when they try or use the innovation in their classrooms. The TINTIN research project (Teacher IN-service Training In Networks) is aimed at contributing to these apparent needs of teachers by setting up small-scale teacher networks. These teacher networks seem to be a fruitful environment for in-service training activities. In this paper the rationale, design and first experiences of TINTIN will be described and discussed
Sectarian Relations in Arab Iraq: Contextualising the Civil War of 2006–2007

Discussions surrounding sectarian relations in Iraq have often been reduced to extremes of either overemphasising the Sunni-Shiʿa divide to a near Manichean level or, the other extreme, reducing them to the point of irrelevance in Iraqi history and society. This paper challenges both views and attempts an examination of the dynamics of Sunni-Shiʿa relations in Arab Iraq and how these interact with Iraqi nationalism. As will be shown, sectarian identity advances and recedes depending on wider circumstances, often at the expense, but not to the exclusion, of national identity. The post-2003 period in general and the civil war of 2006–2007 in particular offer us a wealth of highly charged sectarian discourse in the form of songs, poems, speeches and publications. I have relied on a considerable sample of such forms of public discourse to analyse the rising salience of sectarian identity in the period under consideration in a broader attempt at analysing the dynamics of Sunni-Shi‘a relations in Arab Iraq generally. It will be seen that sectarian relations are dynamic and responsive and that civil wars are not necessarily the end of the process; rather, in some cases, sectarian civil wars are merely a violent stage which many mixed communities around the world — including Iraq perhaps — have unfortunately gone through.
Sensory defensiveness syndrome: A paediatric perspective and case study

Sensory defensiveness syndrome includes sensory defensiveness and the associated behavioural difficulties that can occur when a child or adult perceives non-threatening sensory input as potentially harmful. This paper presents a paediatric case study where sensory defensiveness syndrome was diagnosed and treated. The effectiveness of the sensory summation technique was confirmed. Effective behavioural strategies are explained and differential diagnosis between sensory defensiveness syndrome and other disorders such as autism spectrum disorders is emphasized. Changes to Willbarger and Wilbarger’s three levels of severity of sensory defensiveness are suggested to aid clarity in diagnosis and as a guide for future research.
Reactions to Violation of Normative Standards: A Cross‐Cultural Analysis of Shame and Guilt

Abstract This study investigates the responses from individuals from three culture groups (Germans, Kurds, and Lebanese) following the violation of legal, religious, and traditional norms. The three samples formed two main groups with regard to their cultural orientation; the German sample showed an individualistic orientation whereas the other two samples (Kurds and Lebanese) showed a clear collectivistic orientation. As hypothesized by cross-cultural researchers, it was expected that individuals from collectivistic cultures would respond to normative violations with more shame and individuals from individualistic orientations with more guilt. The findings show that subjects from collectivistic cultures respond with more shame and guilt than subjects from the individualistic culture. However, there was no distinction with regard to the degree of guilt between the two main culture groups. Since the three culture groups show a similar religious outlook in terms of monotheism (Christianity and Islam), it wa.
Cross-Border Banking, Bank Market Structures and Market Power: Theory and Cross-Country Evidence

Patterns in cross-border banking have changed since the global financial crisis. This may affect domestic bank market structures and macroeconomic stability in the longer term. In this study, I theoretically and empirically analyze how different modes of cross-border banking impact bank concentration. I use a two- country general equilibrium model with heterogeneous banks developed by De Blas and Russ (2010) to grasp the effect of cross-border lending and foreign direct investment in the banking sector on bank market structures. The model suggests that both cross-border lending and bank FDI mitigate concentration. Empirical evidence from a linked micro-macro panel dataset of 18 OECD countries supports the theoretical predictions: higher volumes of bank FDI and of cross-border lending coincide with lower Herfindahl-indexes in bank credit markets.
Religious Economy or Organizational Field?

This article explores the national factors that predict bishops’ votes on two of the most contentious issues at the Second Vatican Council. Using data obtained from the Vatican Secret Archive, analyses demonstrate that rational choice oriented theory in the sociology of religion that focuses on competition is limited. While competition is important to religious leaders’ actions, its effects can be understood only in relation to other crucial characteristics of the social environment within which leaders operate. These characteristics, which we derive from Neo-Institutional Theory (NIT), shape leaders’ interests and often lead them to prioritize concerns about their institutions’ legitimacy over the concerns about efficiency and growth rational choice theorists assume are predominant. Most NIT studies examine the population of firms within one organizational field. Because we hold firm constant and examine how variation in the type of organizational field (supplied by the more than 100 countries in our analyses) predicts firm leaders’ actions, this study represents a unique test of NIT.
The COG complex interacts with multiple Golgi SNAREs and enhances fusogenic assembly of SNARE complexes

Summary Multisubunit tethering complexes (MTCs) positively regulate vesicular fusion by as yet unclear mechanism. In this study we provide evidence that the MTC COG enhances the assembly of fusogenic Golgi SNARE complexes and concomitantly prevents nonfusogenic tSNARE interactions. This capability is possibly mediated by multiple direct interactions of COG subunits and specific Golgi SNAREs and SM (Sec1/Munc18) proteins. By using a systematic co-immunoprecipitation analysis, we identified seven new interactions between the COG subunits and components of the Golgi fusion machinery in mammalian cells. Our studies suggest that these multivalent interactions are critical for the assembly of fusogenic SNARE complexes on the Golgi apparatus and consequently for facilitating endosome-to-trans-Golgi network (TGN) and intra-Golgi retrograde transport, and also for coordinating these transport routes.
The Geometry of Inside and Outside

These are two important books. The Citizen and the Alien provides a rigorous and illuminating scrutiny of the conundrum faced by making out current concept and politics of citizenship work within liberal moral and political philosophy. The Birthright Lottery, a book with many virtues, recasts birthright citizenship in a manner analogous to the end of entailed property transmission brought about by liberal reform. This essay suggests that Bosniak is unduly pessimistic about bounded communities and that Shachar is unduly optimistic about the relationship between property rights and democracy.
Compound Exocytosis: Mechanisms and Functional Significance

Compound exocytosis occurs in many cell types. It represents a specialized form of secretion in which vesicles undergo fusion with each other as well as with the plasma membrane. In most cases, compound exocytosis occurs sequentially, with deeper‐lying vesicles fusing, after a delay, with vesicles that have already fused with the plasma membrane. However, in some cells, vesicles can also apparently fuse with each other intracellularly before any interaction with the plasma membrane. In this review, we discuss the general features of compound exocytosis, and the features that are specific to particular cells. We consider mechanisms that might impose the requirement for vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane before they become able to fuse with each other, the possibility that there are biochemical differences between vesicle–plasma membrane fusion events and subsequent secondary homotypic vesicle fusion events, and the role that cytoskeletal elements might play in the stabilization of fused vesicles, in order to permit secondary fusion events. Finally, we discuss the likely physiological significance of compound exocytosis in the various cell types in which it exists.
Contextual Integration and Utterance Interpretation: The Ability of Children and Adults to Interpret Sarcastic Utterances.

ACKERMAN, BRIAN P. Contextual Integration and Utterance Interpretation: The Ability of Children and Adults to Interpret Sarcastic Utterances. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 1075-1083. To understand a sarcastic utterance, a listener has to note the contradiction between the utterance and the contextual information, infer that the speaker is aware of this contradiction in using the utterance, and integrate the contextual and utterance information. This study examined whether young children and adults are able to interpret sarcastic utterances and whether placements of contextual information before or after the utterance, and adjacent to or separated from the utterance, differentially affect utterance interpretation. Firstand third-grade children and college adults were read short paragraphs containing an utterance and contextual information designed to bias either a sarcastic or a literal interpretation of the utterance. In experiment 1, the subjects' interpretations of the information were examined by means of question probes. In experiment 2, the subjects' memory for the utterance information was examined by means of a falserecognition task. The results suggest that different placements of contextual information affect utterance interpretation. Moreover, while third graders and adults generally made more correct interpretations of the sarcastic utterances, first graders do comprehend these utterances in conditions that facilitate the integration of contextual and utterance information.
Computer Network Defence Situational Awareness Information Requirements

Military forces are employing network-centric operations as a force multiplier, which comes with increased vulnerability to attack given the growing complexity of information technology (IT). Computer network defence (CND) focuses on managing the vulnerabilities and risk inherent in all computer networks. Current research in the field of CND situational awareness (SA) is focusing on a bottom-up approach of how to define meaning out of the abundance of sensor information. This paper focusses on defining the information requirements for CND SA from a top-down approach by analysing the larger mission questions asked by a network command coupled with existing work in SA. This paper asserts that force commands must define their operational capability requirements in terms of distributed IT services qualified in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Likewise, CND SA must provide feedback to the command concerning defensive posture, risk, and impact using statements of potential and real reductions in these IT services
French bilingual classes in Vietnam: issues and debates about an innovative language curriculum

Despite a long historical French presence in Vietnam, only 0.5% of Vietnamese people speak French today. As in other countries of South East Asia, language instruction in Vietnam has mainly focused on English for several decades. This paper provides an overview of a project called ‘French bilingual classes’. The main aim of the study is to analyze the benefits and the challenges identified by local teachers and researchers who have been involved in this program. The data are extracted from a corpus of 62 out of 468 papers written in French and presented during the annual Seminar on Action Research organized from 1999 to 2009 in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. The analysis of this discursive resource illustrates an overall acknowledgment of the positive outcomes of the program. However, in concordance with studies of English language teaching in Vietnam, the pitfalls identified in our corpus indicate that the major challenge is the implementation of a learner-centered and an action-oriented pedagogy in an educational context generally qualified as traditional. By providing new insights on bilingual education in Vietnam, our study will contribute to the current debate regarding the sustainability of innovative language curricula and multilingual education in the Asian context.