Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explosion Models for Type IA Supernovae: A Comparison with Observed Light Curves, Distances, H 0, and Q 0

Theoretical monochromatic light curves and photospheric expansion velocities are compared with observations of 27 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). A set of 37 models has been considered which encompasses all currently discussed explosion scenarios for Type Ia supernovae including deflagrations, detonations, delayed detonations, pulsating delayed detonations and tamped detonations of Chandra- mass, and Helium detonations of low mass white dwarfs. The explosions are calculated using one-dimensional Lagrangian hydro and radiation-hydro codes with incorporated nuclear networks. Subsequently, light curves are constructed using our LC scheme which includes an implicit radiation transport, expansion opacities, a Monte-Carlo $\gamma $-ray transport, and molecular and dust formation. For some supernovae, results of detailed non-LTE calculations have been considered. Observational properties of our series of models are discussed, the relation between the absolute brightness, post-maximum decline rates, the colors at several moments of time, etc. All models with a Ni production larger than 0.4 solar masses produce light curves of similar brightness. The influence of the cosmological red shift on the light curves and on the correction for interstellar reddening is discussed. Based on data rectification of the standard deviation, a quantitative procedure to fit the observations has been used to the determine the free parameters, i.e. the correct model, the distance, the reddening, and the time of the explosion. The results are discussed in detail and applied to determine Ho and qo.
The effects of demographics on job satisfaction factors

Bu calismanin amaci genel anlamda ve bes faktor cercevesinde calisanlarin demografik ozelliklerinin is tatmini uzerindeki etkisine isaret etmektir. Uygulama asamasinda dagitilan 398 adet anketten 268 adeti Cumhuriyet Universitesi calisanlari tarafindan doldurulmus ve geri gonderilmistir. Analiz surecinde Faktor analizine ve ANOVA testine basvurulmustur. Anlamli cikan sonuclar bulgularina gore unvanin yonetimsel ve kisisel faktorler ile ilgili is tatmini uzerinde, yas ve cinsiyetin ise fiziksel ve sosyal faktorle ilgili is tatmini uzerinde dogrudan etkiye sahip oldugu gorulmustur. Ayni zamanda cinsiyet ve unvan birlikte analize katildiklarinda yonetimsel ve kisisel is tatmini faktorune, yas ve unvan birlikte dusunuldugunde de fiziksel ve sosyal is tatmini faktorune dogrudan etki ettigi anlasilmistir. Calisma is tatminini bes faktor uzerinden degerlendirmesi ozelligiyle farkli bir boyut kazanmaktadir
Capture of high-altitude precipitation by a low-altitude Eocene lake, western U.S.

Sedimentary facies of the Eocene Green River Formation refl ect a rapid increase in water supply to Lake Gosiute ca. 49 Ma, marked by a stratigraphic fi ll-to-spill surface. Deposits below this surface constitute repetitive lacustrine expansion-desiccation cycles, whereas those above consist of continuous profundal lacustrine mudstone, grading upward into volcaniclastic deltaic sandstone. Above the fi ll-to-spill surface, calcitic mudstone δ 18 O decreases from ~+26‰ to +20‰ over an interval representing ~100 k.y. We interpret this shift to have resulted from capture of a foreland river (or rivers) that drained higher topography north of Lake Gosiute, most likely in north-central Idaho. Accurate paleoelevation estimates derived from stable isotopic records in intermontane basins thus may require detailed knowledge of regional drainage systems.
Anonymous web browsing through predicted pages

Anonymous web browsing is an emerging hot topic with many potential applications for privacy and security. However, research on low latency anonymous communication, such as web browsing, is quite limited; one reason is the intolerable delay caused by the current dominant dummy packet padding strategy, as a result, it is hard to satisfy perfect anonymity and limited delay at the same time for web browsing. In this paper, we extend our previous proposal on using prefetched web pages as cover traffic to obtain perfect anonymity for anonymous web browsing, we further explore different aspects in this direction. Based on Shannon's perfect secrecy theory, we formally established a mathematical model for the problem, and defined a metric to measure the cost of achieving perfect anonymity. The experiments on a real world data set demonstrated that the proposed strategy can reduce delay more than ten times compared to the dummy packet padding methods, which confirmed the vast potentials of the proposed strategy.
Complex Dynamics of Systems Under Delta-Modulated Feedback

In this paper, we cast the design ofDelta-modulated control of a high-order system into the study of control Lyapunov functions. We classify the complex dynamics of the closed-loop system in three cases. In the first case, we show how Delta-modulated feedback introduces a finite set of globally attracting periodic points. We find the numbers and periods of all possible such periodic orbits. In addition, we characterize the attracting region for each of such periodic points. In the second case, we show that there is a maximal "stabilizable" region, and inside this region, there is a local attractor. In the last case, we show that all the states stabilizable by the Delta-modulated feedback constitute a Cantor set. This Cantor set is a repeller, and the closed-loop system is chaotic on the Cantor set
HPV 16 E2 binding sites 1 and 2 become more methylated than E2 binding site 4 during cervical carcinogenesis

E2 protein binding to the four E2 binding sites (E2BSs) at the long control region of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 genome may exert either transcriptional activation/repression on E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Methylation status at the E2BSs may affect the relative binding of E2 protein to them. In this study, methylation percentage at E2BS 1, 2 (promoter‐proximal), and 4 (promoter‐distal) were assessed by pyrosequencing and compared among HPV 16/18‐positive cervical cancer, high‐grade, and low‐grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance, and normal cervical epithelium. HPV 16 E2BS1&2 were more methylated than HPV 16 E2BS4 in cervical cancer whereas in cervical premalignant lesions and normal epithelium, HPV 16 E2BS1&2 were less methylated than HPV 16 E2BS4. HPV 18 E2BS1&2 remained more methylated than E2BS4 in all histological groups. HPV 16 E2BS1&2 methylation increased from high‐grade lesions to cervical cancer (P < 0.001). HPV 16 E2BS4 methylation increased from low‐grade to high‐grade premalignant lesions (P = 0.041). Both HPV 18 E2BS1&2 and E2BS4 methylation increased from low‐grade to high‐grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (P = 0.019 and 0.001 respectively) and further increased form high‐grade lesions to cervical cancer (P < 0.001 and 0.005 respectively). Conclusively, HPV 16 E2BS1&2 (for transcriptional repression of E6/E7 oncoproteins) became more heavily methylated than E2BS4 (for transcriptional activation of E6/E7) in cervical cancer, favouring the differential binding of E2 protein to E2BS4. Increasing methylation at HPV 16/18 E2BSs are potentially useful adjunctive molecular markers for predicting progression from low‐grade to high‐grade cervical premalignant lesions and from high‐grade lesions to cervical cancer. J. Med. Virol. 87:1022–1033, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bacterial Community Diversity of Oil-Contaminated Soils Assessed by High Throughput Sequencing of 16S rRNA Genes

Soil bacteria play a major role in ecological and biodegradable function processes in oil-contaminated soils. Here, we assessed the bacterial diversity and changes therein in oil-contaminated soils exposed to different periods of oil pollution using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. No less than 24,953 valid reads and 6246 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from all five studied samples. OTU richness was relatively higher in contaminated soils than clean samples. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla among all the soil samples. The heatmap plot depicted the relative percentage of each bacterial family within each sample and clustered five samples into two groups. For the samples, bacteria in the soils varied at different periods of oil exposure. The oil pollution exerted strong selective pressure to propagate many potentially petroleum degrading bacteria. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that organic matter was the highest determinant factor for explaining the variations in community compositions. This suggests that compared to clean soils, oil-polluted soils support more diverse bacterial communities and soil bacterial community shifts were mainly controlled by organic matter and exposure time. These results provide some useful information for bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil in the future.
Increased Expression and Secretion of Interleukin-6 in Patients with Barrett’s Esophagus

Purpose: Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a common premalignant lesion of the distal part of the esophagus that arises as a consequence of chronic duodenogastroesophageal reflux. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates immune defense mechanisms and hematopoiesis. In addition, IL-6 may also be involved in malignant transformation and tumor progression. IL-6 has been shown to inhibit apoptosis. The major aim of this study was to evaluate expression of IL-6 in BE at the protein and mRNA levels. In addition, we tested whether proteins that are associated with IL-6 signaling, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and two antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, are also expressed in the same tissues. Experimental Design: Biopsies of duodenum, BE, and squamous epithelium were evaluated by using a human cytokine protein array, ELISA, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Increased IL-6 levels were found to be secreted from BE tissue compared with duodenum or squamous epithelium from sites adjacent or 5 cm away from the BE lesion. IL-6 mRNA was also elevated in BE compared with duodenum or squamous epithelium in five of seven patients. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed IL-6 expression in intestinal glandular epithelium in BE tissue. Activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xL are present at higher levels in BE glands, with lower levels being found in duodenum or squamous epithelium Conclusions: These data, taken together, suggest that elevated IL-6 levels in BE may contribute to the development of apoptosis resistance, thereby placing this epithelium at higher risk of developing malignancy.
A parameterized runtime analysis of evolutionary algorithms for MAX-2-SAT

We investigate the MAX-2-SAT problem and study evolutionary algorithms by parameterized runtime analysis. The parameterized runtime analysis of evolutionary algorithms has been initiated recently and reveals new insights into which type of instances of NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems are hard to solve by evolutionary computing methods. We show that a variant of the (1+1) EA is a fixed-parameter evolutionary algorithm with respect to the standard parameterization for MAX-2-SAT. Furthermore, we study how the dependencies between the variables affect problem difficulty and present fixed-parameter evolutionary algorithms for the MAX-(2,3)-SAT problem where the studied parameter is the diameter of the variable graph.
A research framework for social commerce adoption

Purpose – Social relationships on the internet through the emergence of Web 2.0 applications created new opportunities for business. This is mainly because of the growth of social networking sites, which has also developed e‐commerce. The current development in e‐commerce opened a new stream, entitled social commerce, which is using social technologies to create an environment for generating social interactions. These social interactions can drive online social support in e‐commerce, which in turn is creating trust and an increased intention to use social commerce.Design/methodology/approach – This research used social support theory and related theories on intention to use to propose a theoretical framework for the adoption of social commerce.Findings – The model predicts that forums and communities, ratings, reviews, referrals and recommendations are helping to introduce new business plans for e‐vendors. The model also shows trust is an on‐going issue in e‐commerce and can be built through social commer.
The experience of male adolescent refugees during their transfer and adaptation to a UK secondary school

Making a successful transfer to secondary school in the UK has been linked to a range of positive outcomes for refugee children. Yet research investigating this experience from the perspective of refugee children themselves is scarce. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of how male adolescent refugees experienced their transfer and adaptation to a secondary school in the UK. The research used a qualitative design, it was idiographic and the approach adopted was Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Semi-structured interviews were completed with six male adolescent refugees. The data generated three superordinate themes which reflected the participants' sense of being in need of help during the early stages of their transfer, their process of adapting to school and developing a sense of belonging in this context, and their overriding need to feel safe. Participants identified a wide range of factors as supporting and hindering their transfer and adaptation to secondary school. These are explored in relation to existing research and psychological theories. Implications for the practice of Educational Psychologists and schools are offered. In particular, results showed that older siblings were often the primary educators of participants at home. Schools that adopt a family engagement framework, rather than parental engagement, may more successfully support the learning of refugee children. All participants experienced a strong motivation to learn English and believed that speaking their first language in school would hinder this process. Further research is needed to investigate perceptions of first language use in school. Finally there is a reflection upon the applicability of using IPA with children learning English as an additional language. The author suggests that IPA can be successfully applied in research with this population.
Higher order numeric solutions of the Lane–Emden-type equations derived from the multi-stage modified Adomian decomposition method

ABSTRACT In this paper, we establish higher order numeric solutions for the IVP of the singular Lane–Emden-type equation, including the Emden–Fowler equation. We use the multi-stage modified decomposition method to effectively treat these types of equations and develop numeric solutions that are effective in the large. The step-size and the order in our numeric solutions are two parameters that may be arbitrarily specified. Fast algorithms of the Adomian polynomials guarantee the efficiency of our approach, and a higher order numeric solution can be readily generated at will. The proposed method overcomes the singular behaviour at the origin and exhibits approximations of high accuracy with a large effective region of convergence. Several numerical examples are examined to demonstrate the reliability of our new approach. In these examples, we have demonstrated that our numeric solutions are consistent by halving the step-size, i.e. the numeric solutions of different step-sizes nearly coincide.
Sturdy Positioning with High Sensitivity GPS Sensors Under Adverse Conditions

High sensitivity GPS receivers have extended the use of GNSS navigation to environments which were previously deemed unsuitable for satellite signal reception. Under adverse conditions the signals become attenuated and reflected. High sensitivity receivers achieve signal reception by using a large number of correlators and an extended integration time. Processing the observation data in dynamic and rapidly changing conditions requires a careful and consistent treatment. Code-based autonomous solutions can cause major errors in the estimated position, due primarily to multipath effects. A custom procedure of autonomous GPS positioning has been developed, boosting the positioning performance through appropriate processing of code and Doppler observations. Besides the common positioning procedures, robust estimation methods have been used to minimise the effects of gross observation errors. In normal conditions, differential GNSS yields good results, however, under adverse conditions, it fails to improve significantly the receiver’s position. Therefore, a so-called conditional DGPS has been developed which determines the position differentially by using data from the strong signals only. These custom-developed procedures have been tested in different conditions in static and kinematic cases and the results have been compared to those processed by the receiver.
On input profile selection for software testing

Analyzes the effect of input profile selection on software testing using the concept of a fault detectability profile. The optimality of the input profile during testing depends on factors such as the planned testing effort and the fault detectability profile. To achieve ultra-reliable software, it is preferable to select the test input uniformly among the different input domains. On the other hand, if the testing effort is limited due to cost or schedule constraints, one should test only the highly used input domains. Use of an operational profile is also needed for the accurate determination of operational reliability. <<ETX>>
Surface roughness measurements on both uncoated and film‐coated tablets

A knowledge of the surface roughness of a tablet is necessary in the interpretation of tablet/film adhesion results (Nadkarni et a1 1975; Rowe 1977, 1978a). Jt is also useful in the optimization of both the film formulation and the coating process during product development (Rowe 1978b). There are many ways of quantifying surface roughness. Normally the Ra (arithmetic mean roughness) value, defined as the arithmetic average value of the departure of a profile above and below the reference (centre or electrical mean) line (Fig. la), is used. Since this parameter is simply an arithmetic average value it cannot be used to fully describe the surface and more parameters are thus required. Accordingly, the British Standard (B.S. 1134, 1972) lists, in addition to the Ra value, the Rz (ten point height of irregularities) value defined as the average distance between the five highest peaks and the five deepest valleys within the sampling length measured from a line parallel to the reference line but not crossing the profile (Fig. lb). Since this parameter can only be determined graphically and hence requires an analogue record of
A theoretical explanation of collective forest tenure reform mode in China — Based on two level evolution game model

In China, collective forest tenure reform is the process of repeated games among three stakeholders about central government, local government and farmers. It includes not only macro-level game between central government and local government, but also the micro-level's which between local government and farmers. This paper analyses the process of evolutionary stable equilibrium in collective forest tenure reform with two level's evolutionary game model and proposes it should consider benefit maximization of game subjects, encourage institutional innovation coming from micro-level and improve supervision mechanism to avoid the local government's "rent-seeking" behavior in collective forest tenure reform in China.
Nisin, alone and combined with peptidoglycan-modulating antibiotics: activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

OBJECTIVE We have sought ways to circumvent resistance, by combining nisin with other antibiotics known to target bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. METHODS Twenty strains each of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were tested in vitro by standardized methods against nisin alone and combined with bacitracin, ramoplanin and chloramphenicol. RESULTS Ramoplanin was the most potent compound, and bacitracin had the least activity. Two-way synergy was observed with nisin and ramoplanin. However, chloramphenicol was clearly antagonistic to the activity of nisin. CONCLUSIONS Observations of synergy between nisin and ramoplanin against MRSA and VRE offer a promising approach to the concept of combining nisin with inhibitors of cell wall peptidoglycan. Further investigations are needed in order to develop this approach as a clinical possibility.
Paradoxical sleep is characterized by uncoupled gamma activity between frontal and perceptual cortical regions.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Coherent activity of fast activity has been postulated to be a common language of the brain involved in the processing of information and in integration of spatially separated but temporally correlated stimuli into whole events. Any disruption affecting temporality would result in distortion of cognitive activity. Dreaming during paradoxical sleep (PS) shows cognitive alterations that mimic frontal lobe dysfunction. Decreased temporal coupling of EEG between frontal and perceptual regions was hypothesized. The main objective was to explore temporal relationships of fast activity among these regions. DESIGN N/A. SETTING N/A. PARTICIPANTS 8 young adults. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Interhemispheric (INTERr) and intrahemispheric (INTRAr) EEG correlation spectra (1-50 Hz) were obtained for wakefulness, stage 2, stage 4, and PS during the second night spent at the laboratory. INTERr showed a significant overall increase during sleep in comparison to wakefulness, whereas INTRAr of fast activity (27-48 Hz) between frontal-perceptual regions (F-P, F-O, F-T, Fp-P, Fp-T) decreased exclusively during PS while INTRAr among perceptual regions (P-O, P-T, O-T) maintained wakefulness values. CONCLUSIONS Present results demonstrate state- and frequency-dependent shifts on temporal coupling. The hypothesized decrease in correlation of fast activity between frontal and perceptual regions during PS was confirmed. This decrease of temporal coupling might underlie the loss of voluntary direction of thinking and congruence with social and temporal context and the lack of judgment and passive acceptance of bizarreness during PS dreaming. The wakefulness levels in correlation of fast activity among perceptual regions might explain perceptual acuity during PS dreaming.
A GENERALIZATION OF LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS INMAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

|The Fisher{Rao linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a valuable tool for multi-class clas-siication and data reduction. We investigate LDA within the maximum likelihood framework and propose a general formulation to handle heteroscedastic-ity. Small size numerical experiments with randomly generated data verify the validity of our formulation.
Low-cost plenoptic camera with off-the-shelf components

We present a proof-of-concept for plenoptic imaging on a low-power Raspberry Pi 3B platform at low hardware cost. The light field is sampled by a 4 by 4 array of 5 Mpixels cameras connected with stackable multiplexer modules in order to avoid the need for one Raspberry Pi per camera. Implementing synthetic aperture filtering on the integrated GPU, we achieve around 100 miliseconds for perspective viewpoint translation and digital refocusing at 830 × 900 output resolution with a factor 11.7 reduction from input to output resolution. The use of a camera array instead of a lenslets-based camera allows extended viewpoint movement at the cost of aliasing artifacts.